bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnoecology of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium by local communities around Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Nurlaeni Yati , Iskandar Johan , Junaedi Decky Indrawan
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Nurlaeni Y, Iskandar J, Junaedi DI. 2021. Ethnoecology of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium by local communities around Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1806-1818. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., locally known as andaliman, is a typical spice of traditional cuisine of communities living around Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Despite the extensive uses, the ethnoecological study on this plant is relatively scarce. This study aims to conduct ethnoecological studies of the management and cultivation of andaliman plants based on Traditional Ecological Knowledge of local communities of Salaon Dolok Village, a village nearby Lake Toba which has close relationship and intensively cultivated/utilized andaliman in their daily life. This study applied qualitative methods using the combination of direct observation and interviews with 46 selected respondents using snowball sampling. The results of this study showed that the cultivation of andaliman in Salaon Dolok Village was carried out using traditional ways with simple farming practices. These traditional farming models relied on manual farming practices in all farming aspects. The community has local knowledge related to the management of reliable agricultural systems from generation to generation. Andaliman cultivation in Salaon Dolok Village does not need maintenance costs for fertilizers and pesticides. In general, andaliman planting is mostly done in the forest. In general, the people of this village only recognize two kinds of andaliman cultivars, namely Andaliman 'Simanuk' and Andaliman 'Sihorbo'. The planting is usually carried out during the rainy season to reduce the mortality rate of the planted seedlings. The activity of seedling preparation is carried out in two simple ways. First, most farmers were collected andaliman seeds that grow wild around the existing andaliman plants. The second method is by collecting the seedling that grows from the burning land with some remains of old andaliman plants collected at the edge of the land. Sustainable agriculture should minimize the external input from outside of the agro-ecosystem. Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) emphasizes the efficient use of existing production factors to create sustainable agriculture, including for andaliman agriculture system.
Species richness and conservation priority of dragonflies in the Suranadi Ecotourism Area, Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa , IDRUS AGIL AL , SANTOSO DIDIK , HADIPRAYITNO GITO , SYAZALI MUHAMMAD
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Ilhamdi ML, Idrus AA, Santoso D, Hadiprayitno G, Syazali M. 2021. The species richness and conservation priority of dragonflies in the Suranadi Ecotourism Area, Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1846-1852. Dragonflies are insects that have attractive colors and play an important role to balance ecosystems. They also act as bioindicators of the aquatic environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the species richness and conservation priorities of dragonflies in the Suranadi Ecotourism Area, Lombok, Indonesia, expecting that the dragonflies will be used as charismatic species to support ecotourism. The research was conducted in August-December 2020 by surveying transect lines across 9 types of habitat. We then determined the conservation priority for each species found by referring to the Government Regulation using scoring method through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving five experts. The score for each species was determined based on the percentage of the opinion from the experts. We found 18 dragonfly species from 2 suborders (Zygoptera and Anisoptera) and 5 families (Chlorocyphidae, Coenagrionidae, Platycnemididae, Aeshnidae and Libellulidae). The habitat type that supports the highest species richness was the waterway and irrigation (16 species), while the lowest species richness was found in the areas inside the forest habitat (2 species). The species that had the highest conservation priority scores were Pseudagrion pilidorsum declaratum, Libellago lineata, and Gynacantha subinterrupta. These three species can be used as conservation priority species in the ecotourism area of Suranadi, Lombok, Indonesia.
Species composition, diversity and traditional uses of plants in homegardens in Kampung Masjid Ijok, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Ramli Mohd Raznan , MILOW POZI , MALEK SORAYYA
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Ramli MR, Milow P, Malek S. 2021. Species composition, diversity and traditional uses of plants in homegardens in Kampung Masjid Ijok, Perak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 1902-1911. The aim of present study was to analyze the status, plant diversity and their utilization in homegardens of Kampung Masjid Ijok, Perak, Malaysia. Forty homegardens were selected for detailed study: 9 were large (>1,500m2), 11 medium (901m2 to 1500m2) and 20 small (<900m2). A total of 207 plant species belonging to 78 families were recorded. Among the usable components, food plants dominated the homegardens with a proportion of 43.3% followed by ornamental (27.8% ) and medicinal (24%) plants. Large homegardens were dominated by food, medicinal and ornamental plant species, medium homegardens food and medicinal plant species, and small homegardens ornamental plant species. Frequency of species occurrences increased with the increasing homegardens size. The highest Shannon-Weiner Index was recorded in the large sized homegardens (3.61) and the lowest one in the small-sized homegardens (1.66). Euphorbiaceae (13 species), Araceae (11 species) and Fabaceae (10 species) were the most represented plant families. Shrubs dominated the plants in all homegardens with a proportion of 42 %, followed by trees (29.5%), herbs (23.7%) and climbers (4.8%). Musa paradisiaca L. was recorded as a very frequent species, followed by Cocos nucifera L., Nephelium lappaceum L., Capsicum frutescens L., Carica papaya L, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Mangifera indica L, Curcuma domestica Valeton, Garcinia mangostana L and Manihot esculenta Crantz. Alocasia sanderiana and Aquilaria malaccensis categorized as critically endangered (CR) in (IUCN) Red List were also recorded in the large homegardens. This study suggested that large homegardens are more effective than the small and medium ones for diversification and conservation of plant species.
Population, habitat characteristic, and modelling of Endangered Orchid, Paphiopedilum javanicum in Mt. Lawu, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Romadlon Muh Arif , Azzhara Fatimah , Nugroho Gilang Dwi , Pitoyo Ari
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Romadlon MA, Azzhara F, Nugroho GD, Pitoyo A. 2021. Population, habitat characteristic, and modelling of Endangered Orchid, Paphiopedilum javanicum in Mt. Lawu, Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1996-2004. Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Pfitzer or Java Paphiopedilum is an endangered orchid categorized as appendix I in CITES. In its natural habitat, forest fire, habitat fragmentation, and extreme poaching are considerably the prominent threats for the species. The study aims to assess the population distribution, the habitat characteristics and model the suitable habitat of P. javanicum in Mt Lawu, Java, Indonesia using Maxent (Maximum Entropy) modelling. Eighteen subpopulations of P. javanicum spread across the region with a total number of 103 individuals. The majority of the individuals are in the generative phase (93.81%) and the rest are in the vegetative phase (6.19%). In Mt Lawu, P. javanicum can be found at an elevation of 1,231-1,825 m asl. in a deep shady forest floor with a thick litter and canopy cover between 0-77.4%. The soil has pH between 7-7.1 with 21.7%-36.7% of moisture. The air temperature ranging between 21.8?-29.7?C, with humidity of 61%-78.5%. Based on the Maxent test, annual mean temperature, vegetation cover, type of land use, and elevation are the most influencing factor of P. javanicum distribution in Mt Lawu. The model identifies 6814.75 ha areas in Mt Lawu that are suitable for the species distribution. Lawu Purba, the biggest suitable area for P. javanicum habitat in the southern part of the mountain holds the remaining natural forests in the region. The result is expected to provide recommendations for determining priority areas in the conservation efforts for this threatened orchid.
Projecting expansion range of Selaginella zollingeriana in the Indonesian archipelago under future climate condition
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , SUPRIATNA JATNA , NISYAWATI NISYAWATI , NURSAMSI ILYAS , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , SUNARTO SUNARTO , PRADAN PRAKASH , BUDIHARTA SUGENG , PITOYO ARI , SUHARDONO SAPTA , SETYONO PRABANG , INDRAWAN MUHAMMAD
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Nisyawati, Nursamsi I, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Pradan P, Budiharta S, Pitoyo A, Suhardono S, Setyono P, Indrawan M. 2021. Projecting expansion range of Selaginella zollingeriana in the Indonesian archipelago under future climate conditions. Biodiversitas 22: 2088-2103. The expansion of plant species to outside areas of its original localities has attracted great interest in theoretical ecology. The scientific curiosity of such phenomenon is even deeper when the geographical expansion is confined by natural boundaries and affected by environmental changes, including climates. This study aimed to predict the current suitable habitat niche of Selaginella zollingeriana Spring, a species with original distribution in Java Island, and to project its potential suitable niche in the Indonesian archipelago accounting for future climate conditions. In doing so, we applied the Ecological Niche Modelings (ENMs) using MaxEnt algorithm by employing 30 presence data of S. zollingeriana and twelve enviro-climatic variables. The model predicted around 17.22% (22,095 km2) of the Java Island area is potentially suitable for current habitat niche of S. zollingeriana, consisting of 10.93% (14,028 km2), 4.75% (6,097 km2), and 1.54% (1,970 km2) of low, medium, and high suitability areas, respectively. Under future scenarios, the model predicted the possibility of species expansion into the other four big islands (i.e., Sumatera, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Papua). Nonetheless, the model also predicted a declining trend of the availability of suitable niches wherein from 2030 to 2080 the modeled niche declined about 58% and 59% under the most optimistic and most pessimistic climate change projections, respectively. While this study provides a primary example in predicting species expansion in tropical archipelago, similar studies in a range of contexts (e.g., species, region) are recommended to add more evidence to strengthen the theoretical ground of expansion ecology under climate changes.
Morphological and anatomical characters variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUZZAZINAH MUZZAZINAH , SURATMAN Suratman , NURMIYATI NURMIYATI , ARIANI SRI RETNO DWI
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Muzzazinah, Suratman, Nurmiyati, Ariani SRD. 2021. Morphological and anatomical characters variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2104-2116. The objective of this research was to evaluate morphological and anatomical character variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia. A total of 15 accessions from three species of Indigofera were collected from centers of Batik manufacturing in Java located in the following locations: West Java (Pangandaran), Yogyakarta (Bantul, Kulonprogo), Central Java (Sragen, Sukoharjo, Karanganyar) and East Java (Tuban). There were 14 tested morphological characters based on measurement of vegetative and generative organs. Anatomical characters were observed from paradermal sections and there were 12 tested characters. Analysis of variance was performed for observed morphological and anatomical characters data in order to test the significance of variation among accessions using SPSS software. The characters' mean values then were used to perform principal component analysis and cluster analysis using PAST software. A cluster analysis was conducted by applying an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) in order to group the accessions based on morphological and anatomical character similarity. The analysis of variance for the evaluated morphological and anatomical characters revealed highly significant differences among accessions for all of the tested characters suggesting that there was a high degree of phenotypic diversity among Indigofera accessions. Principal component analysis indicated that the first 2 components accounted for 90.72 % and 88.96 % of the total variation for morphological and anatomical data sets, respectively. Cluster analysis using morphological characters data revealed three main clusters. Four main clusters were then highlighted in cluster analysis of the anatomical character data. The grouping of the accession into clusters showed that there was no correlation between ecological habitat origin and the character diversity expressed among Indigofera accession. However, accessions that came from the same species had the tendency to cluster together.
Crowing sound and inbreeding coefficient analysis of Pelung chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: DARYONO BUDI S. , MUSHLIH MIFTAHUL , PERDAMAIAN AYUDHA BAHANA ILHAM
Published: May 2021

Daryono BS, Mushlih M, Perdamaian ABI. 2021. Crowing sound and inbreeding coefficient analysis of Pelung chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Biodiversitas 22: 2451-2457. Pelung is one of the crowing-typed chickens from Indonesia. The bioacoustics characters of Indonesian crowing-typed chicken especially Pelung chicken were less documented. This study aimed to characterize crowing sound and to study the inbreeding coefficient of the Pelung chicken. In this study, crowing voice of 77 male Pelung chicken was recorded. Bioacoustics analyses of crowing voice were done using Adobe Audition CS5.5 and PRAAT 5.3.66 software. The results showed that chicken crowing consisted of front sound (first syllable), middle sound (second syllable) and end sound (third syllable). Each section of Pelung crowing had specific characteristics compared to other chicken breeds and varied among champions and nonchampions. Champion chicken had slowed and clear first and second syllable, sound energy was lower in first syllable then decrease at second syllable and has bitu gantung third syllable. Crowing duration and fundamental frequency (F0) of champion and non-champion were not statically different. The inbreeding coefficient reached 0.53 in several Pelung champions. Based on the research findings, bioacoustics software was applicable to assist the chicken show.
Morphological characteristics and habitat conditions of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUTAQIN ASEP ZAINAL , KURNIADIE DENNY , ISKANDAR JOHAN , NURZAMAN MOHAMAD , HUSODO TEGUH
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Husodo T. 2021. Morphological characteristics and habitat conditions of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2591-2600. Indonesia is a country that has abundant biodiversity, especially the diversity of plant species. One of the plant species that widely distributed across Indonesia is Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, or locally known as suweg. This study aims to identify morphological characteristics of A. paeoniifolius and its habitat conditions around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java Province, Indonesia. Several stages of the exploratory survey were randomly carried out followed by purposive intensive observations. The method used to collect and analyze data is qualitative methods combined with simple measurements of quantitative technique. The results showed that suweg in the studied areas had distinctive morphological characteristics, which are different from the rest of the species from Amorphophallus genus. The plant is found in 4 types of land, namely home gardens, gardens, rice fields, and pond edges, whether with open or closed canopy conditions. The density of suweg in the study area is generally low. The climatic and edaphic conditions of suweg habitat in several study areas showed that there are a lot of similarities of conditions with other references. There are also 156 species of plants found that grow around suweg, both in the category of cultivated and wild plants. This- study enriches the existing knowledge on the botanical and ecological information of A. paeoniifolius in the context of geographical area (i.e., Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia).
Genetic diversity and population structure of Seriphidium Sub-genus of Artemisia from different terrains of Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Saeed Shazia , Ahmed Alia
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Rehman A, Saeed S, Ahmed A. 2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of Seriphidium Sub-genus of Artemisia from different terrains of Balochistan, Pakistan. Biodiversitas 22: 2658-2664. Seriphidium is one of the largest sub-genus of Artemisia growing in different geographical populations and terrains of Balochistan Pakistan. This genus is economically important and used as folk medicine. The genus is highly variable, besides morphological characterization, molecular authentication is also needed for novel drug discovery. Three significant species of the genus viz., S. quettense, S. oliverianum, and S. maritimum were selected for morphological and molecular characterization and phytochemical investigation. Genetic variability assessment was carried out by polymorphic bands analysis by using molecular markers in 18 accessions collected from two sites, namely, Ziarat and Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park, Balochistan, Pakistan. A combined molecular marker system by using 17 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 9 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) amplified 231 loci, of which 111 were polymorphic (48% polymorphism). Phenolic contents and Flavonoids were estimated for phytochemical assessment. Results revealed that the highest phenolic compounds were in S. quettense when compared with other investigated taxa. In conclusion, molecular marker profiling together with phytochemical variation of all three species exhibited genetic diversity and chemical variation. The findings of the current investigation can further be used as a baseline study for the implementation of conservation strategies. In addition, phytochemical assessment can be utilized for modern drug discovery
Short Communication: Examining taxa representation in Asian zoos and aquaria using historic records
Authors: Brereton James , Brereton Shelby Renee
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Brereton JE, Brereton SR. 2021. Short Communication: Examining taxa representation in Asian zoos and aquaria using historic records. Biodiversitas 22: 2870-2875. According to the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), modern zoological collections should engage in conservation and education-based activities: to do this, the collections must house animals that are interesting to their visitors. There is a plethora of evidence to suggest that zoo visitors and the wider public are more interested in mammals than any other taxa. This ‘mammal bias’ is known to extend into facets of science, such as in reintroduction and zoo research literature. Previous studies on zoo collection planning, however, have identified that globally, zoological collections actually contain more species of bird and fish on average than mammals. At current, there is limited information on the composition of Asian zoological collections. Data on the number of species per taxa (amphibians, birds, fish, invertebrates, mammals, and reptiles) housed at each zoo globally was collected from the International Zoo Yearbook’s ‘Zoos and Aquariums of the World’ from 1960 until 2018. Additional data including the visitor attendance age and size of the collection was recorded. The composition of Asian zoo collection plans was compared against zoos globally, and a longitudinal investigation of Asian Zoo composition was also conducted. Additionally, Poisson regressions were run to determine whether the proportional representation of taxa, year, or visitor attendance were predictors of the numbers of animal species at the collection. Overall, the number of species per taxa significantly differed between Asian collections and the global averages, with Asian collections generally containing greater numbers of invertebrates and fish, and comparatively fewer reptiles. There were similarities in the number of species per taxa over time between Asian collections and zoological collections globally. This study suggests that the influences that affect the species housed in zoos and aquariums more globally are also influencing those in Asian countries.
Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin
Authors: Batubara Ridwanti , WIRJOSENTONO BASUKI , SIREGAR AMIR HAMZAH , HARAHAP URIP , TAMRIN TAMRIN
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Batubara R, Wirjosentono B, Siregar AH, Harahap U, Tamrin. 2021. Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin. Biodiversitas 22: 2884-2890. Agarwood plants (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) provide numerous benefits and have been cultivated by the people. The leaves containing various compounds, such as flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and tannins with antibacterial and antifungal activities, were reported to be potential for flesh wound healing. Therefore, research on these activities against microorganisms that cause infection in wounds was carried out in vitro. This research aims to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of agarwood leaves ethanol extract against three bacteria species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes) and two fungi species (Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp.) that commonly cause skin infection. The results of this research show that the concentration of ethanol extract of agarwood leaves affected the bacterial and fungal growth inhibition zone’s diameter. The best inhibitory potential occurred at 5% concentration in activity against bacteria and fungi. The extract’s active compounds contributing to the antimicrobial activity were the flavonoids and tannins. Furthermore, GC-MS identification shows that the ethanol extract from agarwood leaves contained Disulfide, dioctyl; 6,7-Dimethylquinoxaline; (E)-1,3-Di-m-tolylallyl ethyl Carbonate; 5-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one; 9-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]benzo[3,4]cyclod ec-3-ene-1,5-diyne; Neophytadiene, 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-, [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and a-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-aphenoxy-a-phenyl acetonitrile
The presence and abundance of harmful dinoflagellate algae related to water quality in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Annisa Khaira , Dian Takarina Noverita , Thoha Hikmah
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Takarina ND, Nasution AK, Thoha H. 2021. The presence and abundance of harmful dinoflagellate algae related to water quality in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2909-2917. Dinoflagellate is a single-celled organism that commonly occurs in large numbers in marine environment. When environment changes, harmful dinoflagellate algae often emerge as a response to change in water quality. Jakarta Bay, Indonesia is the meeting point of 13 rivers that carry anthropogenic effluents, not only from agriculture and human settlements, but also industrial activities with some initial evidence showed the increasing growth of harmful algae population and decreasing water quality. This study aims to assess the correlations between dinoflagellate abundance and water quality parameters (i.e., dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity) in Jakarta Bay. Dinoflagellates were sampled in July 2020 at four river mouths, namely Ancol, Muara Baru, Muara Angke, and Muara Karang, each with three replications. Results showed that five dinoflagellates categorized as harmful were recorded. The following order of dinoflagellates based on abundance was Noctiluca > Ceratium > Gonyaulax > Gymnodinium > Dinophysis. Dinoflagellate abundance ranges were as low as 353,857 cells/m3 for Dinophysis and as high as 85,279,547 cells/m3 for Noctiluca. In terms of location, Muara Baru had the highest dinoflagellate abundance. There were correlations between dinoflagellate abundance with water quality. The dinoflagellate abundance was positively correlated with DO (Gymnodinium 0.5152; Dinophysis 0.5262; Gonyaulax 0.3701; Noctiluca 0.0429; Ceratium 0.4168) and temperature (Gymonodium 0.3894; Ceratium 0.3627; Gonyaulax 0.3428;Dinophysis 0.2536) but negatively correlated with pH (Ceratium-0.5558; Dinophysis-0.4868; Gymonodinium-0.4284; Noctiluca-0.4201; Gonyaulax-0.3881), turbidity (Dinophysis-0.2336; Gonyaulax-0.0105; Noctiluca-0.1164; Ceratium-0.0896), salinity (Gymnodinium-0.2176; Dinophysis-0.0888; Ceratium-0.0434).
The licensing of surgeons by RCS England and its predecessors (extended online version)
Authors: Bolwell JS
Published: May 2021

This article appeared in the print version of this issue in a shortened form, which can be found in Bulletin May 2021, Volume 103, Issue 3, pp 144–148. DOI: 10.1308/rcsbull.2021.60.

Preserved records suggest that the first licences to practise surgery in England and Wales were issued by craft guilds from the 14th century and probably earlier. A brief chronicle is presented of the training, examining, qualifying and licensing of surgeons by The Royal College of Surgeons of England and its direct predecessors, now a part of history. The context in which these organisations were founded and evolved is outlined along a timeline of almost 700 years. The landmark Medical Acts of 1858 and 1886 are briefly reviewed. Mention is also made of the abolition of the two non-university qualifying examinations that were still being offered in England at the end of the 20th century and of the sale of both jointly owned Examination Halls.
Interview: RCS England's Diversity Review
Authors: Bulletin Olivia Murphy
Published: May 2021

Baroness Helena Kennedy QC and RCS England President Neil Mortensen discuss the independent diversity review and the College's next steps.
How active are UK-based doctors?
Authors: Crane E , Schaller G , Bergström M , Leivadiotou D , Simpson A
Published: May 2021

Introduction

It is widely accepted that physical activity is beneficial to both physical and mental health. This study looked at current activity levels of UK doctors outside the workplace and how this compared with the general population.

Methods

An online anonymous cross-sectional survey was circulated to UK-based doctors. Four questions regarding self-reported physical activity levels were used to generate a score, which placed respondents into ‘active’ and ‘inactive’ categories, with those in the former group not meeting the current UK guidelines for minimum levels of activity.

Results

A total of 245 doctors responded to the survey. Just under half (42%) of doctors did not meet the UK guidelines for physical activity; this did not differ significantly from the activity levels of the general population (p>0.05). Those working in anaesthetics and intensive care had the highest levels of active respondents (69%). When the respondents’ activity levels were compared with those of the general population within the same age group, doctors aged 25–34 years were significantly less active (p<0.001).

Conclusions

A national unified approach to increasing the activity levels of UK doctors should be implemented to improve their physical and mental wellbeing. Making this possible will include addressing barriers such as shift work patterns, education and the resources available.
The impact of COVID-19 on a breast service
Authors: Pearce BCS , Middleton H , Elakkad M , Schuster-Bruce A , Evans A , Clark SE
Published: May 2021

Patient attitudes towards accessing breast services during COVID-19.
Type analysis of laboratory seismic events by convolutional neural network
Authors: Kolar Petr
Published: May 2021

In this work, we successfully identified seismic events (observations of earthquakes) in seismograms using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In accordance with past (analogue) seismogram interpretations, we did not treat digital seismograms as a time series, as per the general method, but, rather, converted them into time snaps of continuous data flow. Multichannel seismograms were represented with a time frequency domain in the form of multilayer images, with each signal channel forming one image layer. Images were then exposed to CNN (composed of three convolutional blocks whose architecture design was justified using Bayesian optimization). To improve reliability, we evaluated the posterior type function (PTP) as a combination of the probabilities of all of the considered classes of signal types (five in our case) which increased robustness of the identification. For data, we used records of acoustic emission (AE) events. The events were generated during laboratory loading experiments originally performed to study material/rock properties. As known, AE events may be studied in the same manner as natural earthquakes and treated in other ways as laboratory earthquake models. AE events are less complex compared to natural earthquakes where many of the physical parameters are known or may be controlled. Based on our results, we concluded that the successful identification of AE events is a necessary step prior to applying the proposed methodology for identifying natural earthquakes in seismograms.
Topological edge modes in one-dimensional photonic crystals containing metal
Authors: Jiang Hanwen , Liu Wan , Xu Jingping , Gao Bo , Zhu Chengjie , Xie Shuangyuan , Yang Yaping
Published: May 2021

Topological phases of matter has been developing rapidly in recent decades due to their unique topological edge states. In this paper, we analyze the surface modes of a one-dimensional periodic metal-vacuum multilayer structure and find that it can be seen as the optical analogy of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. There are two symmetric and antisymmetric edge modes, whose fields are mainly concentrated on the two outermost interfaces. By introducing off-diagonal perturbation to some layers, we find that the edge modes are topologically protected, that is, have good robustness. However, the surface modes in the one-dimensional structure are not completely consistent with the SSH model, especially in the number of extended modes and the existence conditions of edge modes. As some extended modes are missing in our model, it can improve the coupling efficiency between atom and edge modes. Our results not only provide a new platform for the study of robust topological edge modes, but also have potential applications in information transmission, power transfer, and so on.
Chronic active non-lethal human-type tuberculosis in a high royal Bavarian officer of Napoleonic times–a mummy study
Authors: Nerlich Andreas G. , Kirchhoff Sonja M. , Panzer Stephanie , Lehn Christine , Bachmeier Beatrice E. , Bayer Birgit , Anslinger Katja , Röcker Pascale , Peschel Oliver K.
Published: May 2021

In paleopathology, morphological and molecular evidence for infection by mycobacteria of theM.tuberculosiscomplex (MTC) is frequently associated with early death. In the present report, we describe a multidisciplinary study of a well-preserved mummy from Napoleonic times with a long-standing tuberculous infection byM.tuberculosis senso strictowho died at the age of 88 years of focal and non-MTB related bronchopneumonia. The well-preserved natural mummy of the Royal Bavarian General, Count Heinrich LII Reuss-Köstritz (1763–1851 CE), was extensively investigated by macro- and histomorphology, whole body CT scans and organ radiography, various molecular tissue analyses, including stable isotope analysis and molecular genetic tests. We identified signs for a long-standing, but terminally inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous destruction of the second lumbar vertebral body, and a large tuberculous abscess in the right (retroperitoneal) psoas region (a cold abscess). This cold abscess harboured an active tuberculous infection as evidenced by histological and molecular tests. Radiological and histological analysis further revealed extensive arteriosclerosis with (non-obliterating) coronary and significant carotid arteriosclerosis, healthy bone tissue without evidence of age-related osteopenia, evidence for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and mild osteoarthrosis of few joints. This suggests excellent living conditions correlating well with his diet indicated by stable isotope results and literary evidence. Despite the clear evidence of a tuberculous cold abscess with bacterioscopic and molecular proof for a persisting MTC infection of a human-typeM.tuberculosisstrain, we can exclude the chronic MTC infection as cause of death. The detection of MTC in historic individuals should therefore be interpreted with great caution and include further data, such as their nutritional status.
Comparison of changes in corneal volume and corneal thickness after myopia correction between LASIK and SMILE
Authors: Schuh Anna , Kolb Carolin M. , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Vounotrypidis Efstathios , Kreutzer Thomas , Kohnen Thomas , Priglinger Siegfried , Shajari Mehdi , Kook Daniel
Published: May 2021

Myopia is the most common refractive error. Surgical correction with laser is possible. LASIK and SMILE are the techniques currently most used. Aim of the study was to compare changes in corneal volume and thickness after the respective laser treatment. 104 eyes of 52 patients were matched based on refractive error into two equally sized groups, either treated with LASIK or SMILE. Measurements were obtained from the Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. 3 months postoperatively, the flapless SMILE procedure resulted in a significant overall greater loss of corneal volume (P < 0.01) and corneal thickness (P < 0.01) compared to LASIK. No significant difference was found when comparing the 3 to 12-months values in each group. Within the currently used ranges of refractive error correction, loss in central corneal thickness and corneal volume with SMILE is higher in comparison to LASIK. As greater loss in corneal volume and thickness might contribute to higher level of corneal instability maximum ranges of refractive error correction with SMILE should not supersede those set currently for LASIK until more long-term results on corneal ectasia are available for SMILE.
Hosting Syrian Refugees in Saida (Lebanon) Under Protracted Displacement: Unfolding Spatial and Social Exclusion
Authors: Al-Harithy Howayda , Eltayeb Abir , Khodr Ali
Published: May 2021

Lebanon has witnessed multiple waves of displaced peoples throughout its recent history, including the displacement of Palestinians to Lebanon after the occupation of Palestine in 1948, the internal displacement of families from occupied Southern Lebanon after the Israeli invasion of 1978, and the influx of Syrian refugees after the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011. Many Syrian families had to reconstitute their lives in Lebanon because of the crisis in their country, often in tented and informal settlements or in overpopulated or even abandoned buildings. This article focuses on the process of hosting Syrian refugees in Saida in Southern Lebanon after 2011. It explores service provisions and the two dominant types of housing for Syrian refugees: collective shelters and single apartments within local neighbourhoods. The article argues that mechanisms of exclusion emerge with intensity in cities like Saida that have received and accommodated multiple waves of displacement. Such mechanisms of exclusion in Saida are politically attuned to the historical depth of the hosting experience and emerge at multiple levels, both social and spatial. This is despite Saida’s mobilization to provide aid, and its departure from housing refugees in camps, which is based on a model of containment, and its move toward housing refugees across the urban landscape, which is based on a model of disbursement.
‘Islam is a Place Inside Myself’: Material and Immaterial Re-Positioning of Religion in the Living Experience of Unaccompanied Muslim Minors in Italy
Authors: Elia Anna , Fedele Valentina
Published: May 2021

European sociological studies on refugees who are hosted by national protection systems primarily focus on intervention practice and are particularly attentive to the regulatory and social conditions that produce refugees’ precariousness. Studies that consider refugee subjectivity through migratory experiences are rare. In the case of unaccompanied minors, a protection/control dynamic is widespread, as the vulnerability of young refugees is often used as a pretext for setting up institutions to contain their aspirations and their life plans. This article argues that analysis of the role of religion, i.e., the place of the religious in the experiences of unaccompanied minors, is a way to focus on the subjectivities of young refugees, thereby building an understanding of the essential issues surrounding the migration experience. The article is based on research conducted in Calabria, in southern Italy, involving unaccompanied Muslim minors hosted in reception centres. With the aim to understand the religiosity of individuals, this empirical investigation presents the migratory experience of each minor, taking into account trajectories, family ties, and ways of transitioning into adulthood. Considering how these three areas are interconnected by the young refugees’ ‘musulmanity’ (their sense of being Muslim) has made it possible to be attentive to their agency, to the meaning these minors give to their actions, and to their migratory experiences.
Syrian Children’s Imagination and Play Areas beyond the Physical Reality of Urban Spaces in Beirut
Authors: Khoury Roula El , Ardizzola Paola
Published: May 2021

This study examines the play areas of displaced Syrian children in Beirut. It depicts informal play areas and patterns in the centre of the city and those that emerge in the informal settlements of the Burj Al-Barajneh Palestinian camp. The study depicts the children’s ability to understand the environment around them while transforming it into a stage for loosely structured forms of play. It is important to note that the article does not aim to portray the dense and overcrowded urban setting of Beirut and its informal settlements as favourable environments for children at play. Instead, the discussion focuses on the children’s ability to re-semanticize and colonize anonymous places. Our aim is to demonstrate that Syrian displaced children develop a cognitive relationship to the spaces around them that goes beyond the physical boundaries of their play areas. Additionally, we argue that the formal urban fabric and the local population of the city alienate these children by maintaining their status as strangers or ‘others’. Despite the dire conditions and the seemingly chaotic setting of the informal camp settlement, Syrian children residing there are able to free themselves from the perception of estrangement and integrate as part of their new context.
The British Mosque: An Architectural and Social History, Shahed Saleem (2018)
Authors: Bartsch Katharine
Published: May 2021

Review of: The British Mosque: An Architectural and Social History, Shahed Saleem (2018)

Swindon: Historic England, 304 pp., 350 colour illus., ISBN: 9781848020764 (hardback), £60
Utilizando Análise de Sentimentos e SVM na Classificação de Tweets Depressivos
Authors: Andres Carmona Cortes Omar , Eduardo de Oliveira Melo Wesley
Published: May 2021

The number of depression cases has grown worldwide. The WorldHealth Organization estimates that 5.8% of the Brazilian populationalready present depression symptoms. In the world, 4.8% ofthe entire population has presented some symptoms. These dataare alarming because they represent about 12 million people onlyin Brazil and 368 million worldwide. Therefore, it is essential tobuild applications that adequately identify the population’s feelingsabout depression to drive public health policies. Appropriate policiescan save money on public health and keep people active. Thus,this work investigates how to apply machine learning in classifyingdepression posts on Tweeter. The data were extracted from thesocial media network, reaching a total of 31.177 tweets classified asdepressive and non-depressive. The application was implementedin Python with Pandas and SciKit Learning. Results have shownthat SVM overcomes the Naive Bayes algorithm and can reach anaccuracy of 94%, precision of 91%, a recall of 91%, and an F1 Scoreof 91%.
Otimização de Energia em uma Rede de Satélites LEO em Cenários de Alta Vazão
Authors: Do Nascimento Mota Macambira Renata , Barbosa Carvalho Celso , Ferreira de Rezende José
Published: May 2021

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, when exposed to the sun, use solar energy for operation, processing, and communication, and with excess energy they charge their batteries. However, when satellites are in an area with no sunlight, called eclipse areas, they operate using only their battery power. The batteries have limitations on the amount of recharges/discharges, also known as the depth of discharge (DOD) cycle. Therefore, this restricts the useful life of the batteries themselves and also of the satellites.In this paper, we propose two different efficient routing methods for LEO satellite networks, which optimize traffic in order to reduce the DOD of satellites. We improved the Energy and Capacity Aware Routing (ECARS) metric, existing in the literature, by adding the Energy Routing prUning ( DOD and Energy Routing penAlty ( DOD methods. These proposed methods prune and penalize, respectively, the links whose satellites have reached a certain minimum battery charge threshold. With this procedure, we avoid over discharging the satellites’ battery, and thus, the lifetime is extended.Simulations results show that ERU DOD and ERA DOD can increase the satellites’ batteries lifetime by more than 54% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, the average residual energy obtained when comparing our ERU DOD and ERA DOD proposals with the ECARS proposal, resulted in gains greater than 113% and 29%, respectively.
Exploração de modelos de aprendizado de máquina e seleção de atributos para Employee Attrition
Authors: Francicso da Silva Mendes Rudson , Victor Ribeiro de Jesus João
Published: May 2021

Employee Attrition can be defined as the process by which employeesleave a company, for both personal or professional reasons.In this work, several machine learning algorithms were soughtto predict possible Attritions in order to assist companies in themanagement of their employees’ working conditions. The featuresused were selected using specialized algorithms for detectingthe relevance and correlations between them. The results obtainedwere generated through experiments using different input parameters.As a result, it was possible to achieve approximately an 94%accuracy rating and a 93% to the 𝑓 1 factor.
Aprendizado de Máquina Aplicado à Predição de Doenças Cardiometabólicas com Utilização de Indicadores Metabólicos e Comportamentais de Risco à Saúde
Authors: Lopes de Sousa Freitas Alan , Silvia Degasperi Ieker Ana , Melchiori Pinheiro Josiane , Rinaldi Wilson , Manica Paris Teixeira Heloise
Published: May 2021

Cardiometabolic diseases, developed throughout the worker’s life,such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity are amongthe main causes of death and are associated with modifiable andcontrollable risk factors. The general objective of this study wasto apply supervised Machine Learning techniques and to comparetheir performance to predict the risk of developing cardiometabolicdisease from servers working at the School Hospital of south inBrazil. We sought to map the characteristics of individuals who aremore likely to develop cardiometabolic diseases. The machine learningmodels evaluated were Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, RandomForest, KNN, Logistic Regression and SVM. The results obtained inthe experiments showed that some supervised machine learningmodels produce a good classification, depending on the attributesand hyperparameters used.
Simulação de Comportamento Humano
Authors: Enzo Sugahara Leonardo , Dornbusch Lopes Marcelo
Published: May 2021

Each new generation, games present physics and ambiance closerto their inspirations in the external world (non-virtual reality).However, the non-playable human characters in these games sometimesdo not simulate the attitudes that a person would normallyperform in front of a certain situation. This case goes against theproposal of a physical and graphically realistic environment, withbehaviors and decision making not appropriate to the circumstancespresented. To solve the problem, it is proposed the developmentof a Human Behavior Simulation Model, planned to be used onnon-playable characters that will have constant contact with theplayer. This model was created based on concepts of Psychology,which were used to develop a personality that will be implementedin a character. To test the efficiency of the proposed model, it wasused in the development of Carlos, a character of a game prototype.Carlos went through a series of controlled situations, used as teststo validate the applicability of the model in non-playable characters.The result was a coherent simulation of human behavior, at the costof complexity in the application of the characteristics, described byCarlos’ personality, to the character inside the game.
Trends and Gaps in Ontology-Supported Environmental Health
Authors: Felipe Moreira Silva Lucas , Bulcão-Neto Renato
Published: May 2021

Environmental Health (EH) refers to aspects of human health affectedby factors in the environment, e.g., biological factors, andit is an essential part of any comprehensive public health system.Similar to other health-related fields, one observes an increasingmovement in the adoption of IoT technologies into the EH domain.Regarding the data life cycle in IoT systems, data modeling andinterpretation are crucial tasks in which ontologies are a feasiblesolution because of their expressiveness and reasoning support.In this paper, we structure the ontology-supported EH researchtheme through a systematic literature mapping. The identificationand selection strategies of primary studies include the automaticsearch for studies published from 2010 to 2019 on five sourcesand the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria on an eighthundred-eleven-distinct-paper group. The results of this originalwork provide an overview of the research theme with multipleclassifications of thirty-four relevant studies remaining as well asthe finding of trends and gaps for future work.
Diagnóstico da Presença Feminina nos Cursos Superiores e no Mercado de Trabalho em Tecnologia da Informação no Estado do Pará
Authors: Pinheiro Pires Yomara , Rego Liviane , Roselene Alves Lima Maria , Aguinaldo de Albuquerque Júnior Francisco
Published: May 2021

Althoughwomen’s participation in the Information Technology (IT)market has increased in recent decades, it remains a predominantlymale area. One of the factors in this difference is in socio-culturalissues where the social construction of gender roles is limitingwomen’s insertion and permanence in this sector. This work aims tomake a diagnosis about the presence of women in higher educationcourses and in the IT labor market in the state of Pará. The mainsources of data used were the governmental public databases ofthe General Register of Employees and Unemployed (CAGED),the Census of Higher Education, made available (INEP) and theNational Household Survey (PNAD). The analyzed data indicatedthat in the state of Pará, we have the male predominance on thesector either on the superior courses as on the work market andwage inequalities. Despite the increase in the entry of women inacademic-scientific careers, in the IT labor market.