bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trailblazer Tepezza for thyroid
Authors: Aamna Khatoon  , Fatima Kaleem Ahmed  , Amna Kaleem Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Dear Editor, Teprotumumab is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF- 1R). Approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 21st, 2020, under the brand name Tepezza, to be used as the treatment for Graves eye disease in adults based on its landmark success in the randomised double-blind clinical trials named OPTIC study. [1]
A meta-analysis published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice in 2023 stated that at week 24 of treatment, Teprotumumab had been shown to significantly improve proptosis in 71.86% participants, diplopia in 73.65% of participants and decrease tissue inflammation, as measured by the clinical activity score to zero or one, thus improving the overall quality of life. [2] Even though the drug has adverse effects namely alopecia, fatigue and headache, the risk of these occurring was the same as the placebo group. Other potential side effects included nausea, dry skin and muscle spasms which were deemed mild.[3] One manageable side effect reported was hypoglycaemia, especially in individuals already diagnosed with diabetes, which could be corrected by adjusting their anti-diabetic medication. Importantly, this drug should be avoided in pregnancy due to its prospective teratogenic effects [2]. The promising statistics outweigh the risks associated with the drug and make teprotumumab a game-changer for thyroid eye disease patients. Pakistan has a 2% prevalence of hyperthyroidism, with a major (90%) contribution from Graves’ disease. [4] Although this 2% seems insignificant, yet it amounts up to 4.2 million people. Unfortunately, this drug has not reached Pakistan yet and we still resort to using conventional treatments namely lubricants and steroids despite their worrying side effects and contraindications in patients having other comorbid conditions which majority of the people of Pakistan suffer from such as diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and hepatic dysfunction. [5] The government should subsidize the use of this novel drug in TED patients by incentivizing its availability and training physicians to monitor the patients taking the infusions. The patients will need to be educated about the adverse profile and danger signs when to report their symptoms to the doctor. Teprotumumab is not just a treatment, it is a cure for most patients. Should we not switch from using the current harmful conventional drugs to the more contemporary ones with better outcomes?
Optimizing iron absorption: Superiority of alternate day dosing
Authors: Rafique Muhammad Umar , Asghar Ayeeza , Ahmad Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Dear Madam,
Pakistan is one of the leading countries in iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia, ranking 2nd in South Asia, involving 53% of children under the age of 5 years along with 41.7% of women of reproductive age.[1] Last assessed by the National Nutritional Survey (year of the survey?). Pakistan had suffered a total economic loss, over 10 year period of 12.25 billion dollars which makes it essential to focus on controlling risk factors to prevent this prevailing issue.[2] This can be done by the use of iron supplements. In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study, patients receiving iron supplementation on alternative days for 6 months as opposed to consecutive day-intake for 90 followed by a placebo for a subsequent 90 days were studied. While the baseline variables showed little difference amongst the two groups, after 6 months the prevalence of iron deficiency was 11.4% in the consecutive day group versus 3% in the alternative day group (P= 0.049.) Despite the variation in serum ferritin at days 46 and 93, 4 months post treatment, median serum ferritin remained higher in the alternate day group as compared to the consecutive day group(P=0.03.). At equal iron doses, in consecutive and alternate day groups, the latter experienced fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. Serum hepcidin was consistently higher in the consecutive-day group at various points (P < 0.001), with a significant difference at the end of treatment. This can be attributed to the upregulation of serum hepcidin by acute intake of iron doses and the resulting increase in liver stores over the course of 3 months.[3] This corroborated previous research that dosing oral iron intake in this method held superiority in efficacy and in lowering iron deficiency amongst individuals. The general population should be aware of the correct use of iron supplements to ensure maximum efficacy as awareness has been found to significantly impact adherence. .[4] Studies in Pakistan have not investigated this aspect of iron supplementation and it is essential that such aspects be explored in a third world country like Pakistan as alternate day iron supplementation would prove to be more economical for patients. Also, reduced Gastrointestinal side effects would improve patient compliance leading to more favourable results. Moreover, physicians should also be made aware to ensure proper counselling of patients leading to favourable outcomes.
Making semaglutide accessible in Pakistan: A crucial step for heart failure treatment
Authors: Sattar Saqib , Sattar Khansa , Tanveer Rahman
Published: January 2025

Madam, In 2019, the FDA approved a new Semaglutide pill to help adults with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar.1 This medication works because it mimics a natural hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).1,2 Originally, it was considered an add-on treatment for people who already take other medications.1 But in January 2023, the FDA updated the approval so that Semaglutide can be used as the first medication for some adults with type 2 diabetes, along with healthy lifestyle changes.1 Recently,a SELECT trial was conducted, which shows its renoprotective function.4 Beyond these uses, research exposes the potential of semaglutide to dramatically improve heart health, even slashing the risk of death and heart failure.1,2,4 Although this holds an importance for heart failure patients, the greater importance of it comes from the fact that it has shown beneficial results in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients too, which is a type of heart failure that’s predominant among diabetic and obese individuals.3 This makes it a drug of interest in cardiology as we have only a limited number of drugs to treat the hopeful population. This letter examines the expanded role of Semaglutide, encompassing its existing uses and emerging application in hfpEF treatment.
A new study by Michael et al., published in The New England Journal of Medicine in April 2024, investigated the use of Semaglutide for obese patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HfpEF) and type 2 diabetes (DM2). This double-blind, randomized, multinational trial enrolled 616 participants from 16 countries and compared Semaglutide treatment (STEP-HfpEF DM trial) to a placebo control group.The study included adults aged 18 and over with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater who had been diagnosed with both HfpEF and DM2. Half the participants received once-weekly Semaglutide injections for a year, while the others received a placebo.
Compared to the placebo group, those taking Semaglutide for the next 52 weeks showed significant improvements in heart failure symptoms and physical limitations (13.7 point increase vs. 6.4 point increase). Additionally, the Semaglutide group experienced a substantial weight loss (9.8% reduction) and a greater improvement in their six-minute walk test distance (12.7 meters on average).2 However,17.7% of participants reported side effects such as gastrointestinal disorders and infections.However, the overall findings suggest this drug may significantly improve heart failure symptoms, physical function, and weight loss in obese patients with HfpEF and DM2, with acceptable side effects.2,5
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IMPACT OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO ON OPERATING PERFORMANCE, PROFITABILITY AND RETURN RATIO: A COMPARISON BETWEEN SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN INDIA
Authors: Patel Kalpeshkumar , Kanchan Prateek
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study was to understand impact of capital adequacy ratio on operating performance, profitability and return ratio and understand this as a comparison between select public sector banks and private sector banks. For the purpose of this study, panel data was collected from twelve sample Indian banks over a period of ten years (2014-2023). These banks included six public sector banks and six private sector banks. Descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test and simple regression were performed on the data. It was found that private sector banks perform better than public sector banks. The private sector banks demonstrate stronger financial performance, higher efficiency, better asset quality and more aggressive lending strategies compared to public sector banks. These differences highlight the need for public sector banks to adopt more efficient practices and improve their financial health to compete effectively with private sector banks.
સ્વતંત્રતાની ઝંખના કરતી નારીની કથા – ‘સ્વેચ્છા'
Authors: રબારી કિંજલ
Published: January 2025

પોતાની જાતને ‘સોશિયાલિસ્ટ ફેમિનિષ્ટ’ તરીકે ઓળખાવનાર અને ગુંટુર આંધ્રપ્રદેશમાં જન્મેલા તેલુગુ લેખિકા પી. લલિતાકુમારી (POPURI LALITAKUMARI) જેમણે પોતાની સ્વર્ગસ્થ બહેનની યાદમાં ‘વોલ્ગા’ ઉપનામ રાખ્યું, તેમના દ્વારા ઈ.સ. ૧૯૮૭માં ‘સ્વેચ્છા’ નામે તેલુગુ ભાષાની પ્રથમ નારીવાદી નવલકથા રચાઈ. આ નવલકથાઓ અંગ્રેજી અનુવાદ નેશનલ બુક ટ્રસ્ટ દ્વારા A Quest For Freedom નામે થયો. મૂળ નવલકથા પ્રકાશિત થયાના તેત્રીસ વર્ષ પછી તેનો ગુજરાતી અનુવાદ ૨૦૨૧માં અરુણોદય પ્રકાશન દ્વારા પ્રકાશિત થયો છે, જેના અનુવાદક મીનલ દવે છે. આ કૃતિ ૧૯૮૭માં ‘ચપલા’ સામાયિકમાં પ્રગટ થઈ હતી. ‘સ્વેચ્છા’ નારીવાદી નવલકથાને દિલ્હી સાહિત્ય અકાદમી દ્વારા વર્ષ ૨૦૨૩ના શ્રેષ્ઠ ગુજરાતી અનુવાદ તરીકે નવાજવામાં આવી છે.
COMPRESSION OF SOIL FERTILITY BETWEEN ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FARMING
Authors: Chauhan Sunita , Sanga Merodi , Solanki Hitesh , Buoy Linz
Published: January 2025

Context This comparative study investigates soil nutrient retention in organic versus chemical farming systems. As agricultural practices evolve to meet growing food demands, understanding impacts on soil health becomes increasingly crucial. Aims This study aims to elucidate how different farming practices influence soil nutrient dynamics which are essential for sustainable crop production and environmental conservation. Methods The study investigates the impact of organic and chemical farming practices on soil parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content, the availability of macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (Su) and micronutrients such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and chlorine (Cl). Key results Data from experimental fields subjected to organic and chemical treatments were analyzed to determine differences in nutrient retention and overall soil health. Findings indicate that organic farming significantly enhances soil organic matter and microbial activity, improving nutrient retention and cycling. The organic plots exhibited higher levels for many soil parameters and nutrients, which is attributed to the slow-release nature of organic inputs. Chemical soils often exhibit lower levels of essential nutrients and micronutrients, and their reliance on synthetic inputs may result in adverse environmental impacts such as nutrient runoff and soil pollution. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of organic farming practices in improving soil nutrient retention and fostering sustainable agriculture.
BEYOND THE INDIANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT: A NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT POLICY FOR THE PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY
Authors: Parekh Riddhi , Pandya Mayuri
Published: January 2025

We are a developing country in India. Ensuring that approximately 1 million Indians live as healthy and independent lives as possible is an important goal for our country. Working is a part of human life. Among employees and employers, disabled people work in all workplaces, but sometimes it is a difficult job for employers who employ disabled people at construction sites and offices. This article examines the law and practice of employment law. Law reform in the country will ensure the creation of some laws that apply to the employment of people with disabilities. This article highlights efforts to improve laws and regulations to support and protect people with disabilities in our society. Examines how states, communities, and institutions can use existing federal laws and regulations to reduce barriers and discrimination in care. It can be used to make progress toward these goals by increasing our understanding of laws and regulations. Its aim is to prevent disability-related discrimination throughout society, from employment to public services and social services.
A STUDY ON INVESTIGATING SPORTS COVERAGE OF INDIAN DAILIES
Authors: Muqarram Mohammad , Parveen Saba , Gojree Ishfaq
Published: January 2025

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the variations of sports coverage between cricket games and other sports during (IPL2023) Indian Premier League. A sample comprised of 42 The Hindu and Indian express newspapers. The Hindu and the Indian express newspapers by using simple Pri-IPL (one week), Mid-IPL (one week) and Post-IPL (one week) sampling technique. In which 21 The Hindu and 21 Indian express newspapers. The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference was found between The Hindu and Indian express newspapers regarding total sports coverage, cricket games and other sports coverage during Indian Premier League. The Hindu newspaper is more coverage frequency compare to Indian express news papers during Indian Premier League.
મિશેલ ફૂકો અને જૂલિયા ક્રિસ્ટીવાના અનુ-સંરચનાવાદી સાહિત્યિક વિચારો
Authors: Chhrecha Aziz
Published: January 2025

અનુ-સંરચનાવાદી વિવેચનમાં એક વધુ વૈચારિક ધારા છે જે આગ્રહ કરે છે કે 'પાઠાત્મકતા' (TEXTUALITY)જ સર્વસ્વ નથી પણ વિશ્વમાં શક્તિના ખેલમાં પાઠની જગ્યાએ 'વિમર્શ' સમાયેલો છે. મિશેલ ફૂકો (MICHEL FOUCAULT)નો મુખ્ય મુદ્દો એ છે કે 'પાઠાત્મકતા'નો સિદ્ધાંત રાજનૈતિક તેમજ સામાજિક શક્તિઓ અને 'વિચારધારા'ને 'અર્થોત્પત્તિ'નું માધ્યમ માનીને એનો દરજ્જો નીચે લાવે છે. હકીકત એ છે કે જ્યારે કોઈ હિટલર, મુસોલિની કે સ્ટાલિન એક આખા રાષ્ટ્રને પોતાના આદેશ મુજબ ચલાવે છે તો આવો 'વિમર્શ' માધ્યમ દ્વારા થાય છે અને એ શક્તિનો નક્કર પ્રભાવ સમાહૃત હોય છે. અહીં એ તો સ્પષ્ટ છે કે ફૂકો પોતાના વિમર્શ સિદ્ધાંત દ્વારા જર્મન દાર્શનિક નીત્શેની અભિનવ વિવૃતિ પ્રસ્તુત કરે છે.
નારીવાદની સક્ષમ રજૂઆત કરતું અને ફેમિનિઝમનું બાઈબલ : ‘એ રૂમ ઑફ વન્સ ઑન’
Authors: વાઘેશ્વરી દિવ્યા
Published: January 2025

વર્જિનિયા વૂલ્ફનો સમયગાળો (૧૮૮૨ થી ૧૯૪૧)નો છે. અંગ્રેજી સાહિત્યના જાણીતા લેખિકા જેમને ‘સ્ટ્રીમ ઑફ કોન્શિયસનેસ’ ટેકનીકના પ્રણેતા કહેવામાં આવે છે.રૂમ સિવાય તેમના બીજાં જાણીતાં પુસ્તકોમાં ‘મીસીસ ડેલોવી’(૧૯૨૫) અને ‘ટુ ધ લાઈટ હાઉસ’(૧૯૨૭)મળે છે.પતિ લીઓનાર્ડ વૂલ્ફ સાથે હોગાર્થ પ્રેસ નામે નામાંકિત પ્રકાશન સંસ્થાનો પાયો નાખેલો,તેના દ્વારા જ તેમના’એ રૂમ ઑફ વન્સ ઑન’પુસ્તકનું પ્રકાશન થયું છે.લંડન/ઇંગ્લેન્ડના ચિંતનશીલ લોકોમાં સંમાનનીય બ્લુમ્સબેરી ગ્રુપના સભ્ય અને નારીવાદનું અગત્યનું સુંદર સર્જન આપી જનાર એવા વૂલ્ફે ૧૯૪૧માં આત્મહત્યા કરી જીવનનો અંત આણ્યો હતો.
રાષ્ટ્રીય, ધાર્મિક અને કૌટુંબિક પ્રેમનો પર્યાય: ‘શાનટેલનો ઉમરાવ’
Authors: પરમાર મૌલિક
Published: January 2025

જૂલે વર્ન કૃત ૧૮૬૪માં પ્રકાશિત ‘ફ્રેંચ રિવોલ્યુશન’નો ગુજરાતી અનુવાદ સાધના નાયક દેસાઈએ ‘શાનટેલનો ઉમરાવ’ નામે કર્યો છે. સાહસકથાઓ અને વિજ્ઞાનકથાઓના અમર ફ્રેંચ સર્જક એવા જૂલે વર્નનો જન્મ ૮ ફેબ્રુઆરી ૧૮૨૮ના રોજ નાન્ટેસ શહેરમાં થયો હતો. જૂલે વર્ન ફ્રેંચ નવલકથાકાર, કવિ અને નાટ્યકાર હતાં. તે વિજ્ઞાન સાહિત્યના ઋષિ ગણાય છે. ફ્રાન્સ અને મોટાભાગના યુરોપમાં વર્નને એક મહત્વપૂર્ણ લેખક માનવામાં આવે છે જ્યાં તેમણે અસ્તિત્વવાદ પર બહોળો પ્રભાવ પાડયો હતો. વર્નએ વિજ્ઞાનકથા, સાહસકથા ઉપરાંત અલૌકિક-અગોચરકથાઓ, પ્રવાસકથાઓ, વ્યંગકથાઓ, રાજકીય સંદેશ આપતી કથાઓ પણ લખી છે. અગાથા ક્રિસ્ટી અને વિલિયમ શેક્સપિયર પછી વર્ન વિશ્વના બીજા સૌથી અનુવાદિત લેખક છે. તેમને ‘ફાધર ઑફ સાયન્સ ફ્રિકશન’ કહેવામાં આવે છે. ફ્રાન્સમાં જૂલે વર્નના મૃત્યુની શતાબ્દી નિમિત્તે વર્ષ ૨૦૦૫ને ‘જૂલસ વર્ન યર’ તરીકે જાહેર કરવામાં આવ્યું હતું.
પરિષ્કૃતિની એક વિલક્ષણ કાવ્યકૃતિ : ‘ધ્રિબાંગસુંદર એણી પેર ડોલ્યા’
Authors: પટેલ ધ્રુવિનકુમાર
Published: January 2025

ઈ.સ. ૧૯૫૫ની આસપાસ સુરેશ જોષી દ્વારા આધુનિક કવિતાનું આંદોલન આરંભાયું. એક તરફ આધુનિક પાશ્ચાત્ય જીવનમૂલ્યોનો આદર તો બીજી તરફ વિશ્વસાહિત્યના વાચન-શ્રવણથી સંસ્કરણ પામેલી સાહિત્ય સર્જન-વિવેચનની નૂતન વિભાવનાઓને અનુસરવાનું વલણ આધુનિક કવિતાનું મુખ્ય લક્ષણો બન્યું. આ જીવનમૂલ્યો અને કાવ્યવિભાવના આપણા જીવન મૂલ્યો અને કાવ્યવિભાવના અનુષંગે નહોતા આવ્યાં. આથી તે યોગ્ય પ્રમાણમાં આત્મસાત ન થયાં. ગણ્યા ગાંઠ્યા સર્જકોને બાદ કરતાં પાશ્ચાત્ય કાવ્ય અને એની વિભાવનાનાં અનુકરણો અનુસરણોમાં નિભૃત થયા. આ સ્થિતિ વચ્ચે જે ફલિત થયું એનું એક અભિવ્યક્તિનું ગુજરાતી કવિતામાં જુદું અને મોટું પ્રદાન છે. પરંતુ એ કમનસીબે અપવાદ સિવાય ‘કવિતા’ સુધી ન પહોંચી શક્યું. અને એ ‘કુણ્થિત સાહસ’ તરીકે ફલિતાર્થ થયું.
ગુજરાતની વિચરતી અને વિમુક્ત જાતિઓ: વાદી અને નટ બજાણિયા જાતિઓનું લોકવાઙમય
Authors: વજીર પ્રવિણભાઈ
Published: January 2025

જયારે અક્ષરજ્ઞાન નહોતું, શિક્ષણનો પ્રચાર અને પ્રસાર નહોતો, એટલે કે જ્ઞાનોપાર્જન સંદર્ભે પ્રવર્તમાન સાધનોનો અભાવ વર્તાતો હતો, લોકોમાં જ્ઞાન પરત્વેની સુઝબુઝ કે જાગૃતિનો અભાવ હતો, જયારે માહિતીના પ્રચાર અને પ્રસાર માટે માધ્યમો નહોતા ત્યારે આવી જાતિઓએ સમાજને સંસ્કૃતિ, સંસ્કારો, વ્યવહારો, ફરજો, આચાર-વિચાર જેવી બાબતોથી જનજાગૃતિ લાવવાનું ગૌરવવંતુ કાર્ય કર્યું હતું
FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE: REVIEW
Authors: Panchani Devraj , Modi Nainesh
Published: January 2025

The Euphorbiaceae family was recognised by Jussie for its characteristics like the presence of latex, specialised types of inflorescences known as Cyathium, and unisexual flowers present on the same plants or on different plants. Current review comprises diversity and distribution of family Euphorbiaceae, taxonomic characters, history of nomenclature and taxonomy, classification and phylogeny, international, national and regional status of Euphorbiaceae family. Apart from this it also contains some suggestions regarding family Euphorbiaceae.
STUDIES ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS IMPACT ON YOUTH: EXPLORING REAL-WORLD CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Barman Shanta , Dakua Goutam
Published: January 2025

Social media has permeated every aspect of youth culture globally in the modern digital age, impacting their attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex effects of social media on young people, with a particular emphasis on how it affects academic performance, mental health, interpersonal relationships, and societal engagement. This study investigates the advantages and disadvantages of youth social media usage through an extensive literature review and empirical research. It looks at how social media platforms affect people's sense of self, how they form their identities, how they manage their emotions, and how they help people connect with others and build social support systems. The study also looks into the possible dangers of using social media excessively, including addiction, privacy issues, and cyberbullying. This research aims to educate parents, educators, and legislators about responsible and healthy online behavior promotion tactics for the younger generation by analyzing the dynamics of youth social media use.
Strategic Competency and Growth of Aquaculture-Based Small Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Thuku Virginia Mwara , Senelwa Anaya , Naikuru Susan
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study evaluated the role of strategic competency on growth of aquaculture based small enterprises in Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted descriptive research design using mixed methods approach. The target population was 600 fish farmers in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study utilized purposive sampling to select fish farmers within Nyeri County, then cluster sampling to identify fish farmers in their various sub-counties. Simple random sampling was then utilized to select respondents for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. A pilot study was conducted to test validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical package for Social Scientists (SPSS). Regression analysis and chi-square were used to test for significant associations between the dependent and independent variables. The findings were presented in frequency tables, pie charts, bar graphs and scatter diagrams in the final report.
Findings: The findings indicated a positive statistically significant relationship on strategic competency and its effect on growth. Further, regression analysis of the results established that strategic competency was found to account for 5.8% of the variation in the growth of aquaculture-based small enterprises in Kenya. 94.2% of variation in the growth of aquaculture based small enterprises in Kenya is explained by other factors outside the model.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the study findings, the sector should sustain government and NGO support by subsidizing input costs, promoting cottage industries, and employing trained extension officers.  In addition, the management should facilitate knowledge sharing through farmer excursions and disseminate information on region-specific fish farming techniques.  Lastly, it should develop public-private partnerships to coordinate markets and reduce post-harvest losses through a demand-driven approach.
The effect of microclimate on pig weight gain evaluated with multisensor
Authors:   EN-CO Software Zrt., Farkas Domonkos , Kárpinszky András ,   EN-CO Software Zrt., Pogár István ,   EN-CO Software Zrt.
Published: January 2025

In this study, a multisensory system was built to evaluate the effect of the temperature, humidity, the concentration of carbon dioxide and ammonia on pig weight gain. During the experiment, RGB-based image analysis provided body weight information of 22 pigs over a three-month period. In the experiment, two cameras were set to obtain pictures, and the resulting data showed high correlation. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation was calculated between the body weight and the monitored environmental parameters. Results showed that temperature negatively correlates with the body weight, while CO2 and NH3 have a positive correlation. In this study, humidity, random effect, and changes in temperature had slightly negative but not significant correlation with body weight gain. Multiple linear regression showed that temperature and humidity had a significant effect on the body weight gain of the pigs, while the effect of the NH3 was also noticeable. Our results proved that image-analysis-based weight evaluation is a powerful tool in precision livestock farming and that environmental conditions have a significant effect on pigs’ production.
Model Predictive Control of Aerodynamic Levitation Systems
Authors:   Sapientia-Hungarian University of Transylvania, CZIMBALMOS Áron , Fehér Áron ,   Sapientia-Hungarian University of Transylvania, Márton Lőrinc ,   Sapientia-Hungarian University of Transylvania
Published: January 2025

Airjet-driven levitation systems are an important emerging technology, as they can ensure the contactless movement of objects. From a control engineering perspective, the position set-point tracking of the levitating object poses many challenges because the aerodynamic characteristics of the air jet used for levitation are difficult to model. The unmodelled disturbances significantly affect the control performances. Moreover, the bound constraints imposed by the mechanical design and the applied actuators should also be considered during controller design.
In this work, we present a motion control approach suitable for vertical levitation systems actuated by a fan-induced air jet. We developed the necessary hardware and software elements for the control equipment of the levitation system. We apply the MPC (Model Predictive Control) approach to ensure high-precision position regulation under various aerodynamic conditions with bounded control signals. We validate the applicability of the control system through simulation and real-time experimental measurements.
Optimising the Force-Directed Layout Generation
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd University, Komáromi Mátyás , Bozó István ,   Eötvös Loránd University, Tóth Melinda ,   Eötvös Loránd University
Published: January 2025

A graph visualisation tool can be invaluable in code comprehension.
It is a well-known and researched field of graphical informatics. Several
good algorithms were developed, but most of the graph drawing tools mainly
focus on the generation of static drawing. In this paper, we present an approach
to force-directed layout generation that is orders of magnitudes faster
than the trivial implementation. This technique is based on the Runge-Kutta
methods and is efficient enough to visualise the user-requested parts (views)
quickly for relatively large Semantic Program Graphs of Erlang projects in soft
real-time. Such a graph might assist code comprehension in the RefactorErl
framework even better.
A large-scale analysis of production effort
changes in software projects
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd University, Szabados Kristóf
Published: January 2025

Although software is essential to modern society, its development process
remains poorly understood. It is easy to find tools/techniques/methods promoted
to help reach ever-higher production volumes and great improvements,
even though this contrasts previous academic observations.
This study aims to expand on previous research regarding the evolution
of software development efforts by analyzing a large dataset of contemporary
open-source projects.
We examined 875 popular and large GitHub repositories and found a strong
correlation between accumulated effort and quadratic functions of time, in
73% of projects, with linear models applicable in 41%. Our analysis of longterm
trends suggests that no major external events (e.g., economic downturns,
technological shifts) have impacted significantly all projects over the past 25 years.
These findings challenge the perception of rapid, exponential improvements
in software development efficiency. While further research is needed,
our results suggest a disconnect between software development’s perceived
and empirical realities.
Authentic Leadership, Personal Characteristics, and Church Growth in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Kamau Stephen Njoroge , Nzinga Edward Katue , Kimathi Jacob
Published: January 2025

Authentic leaders adapt their leadership styles to resonate authentically with their followers, emphasizing the importance of genuine relationships. At the intersection of authentic leadership is the role of personal characteristics, which is often pertinent in the church where leaders must navigate diverse congregational dynamics. This research aimed to establish whether personal characteristics moderates the perceived effects of authentic leadership on church growth in Embu County, Kenya. The denominations included Deliverance Churches, Restoration End Time Churches, Triumph Churches, Full Gospel Church of Kenya, Winners Chapel, and Great Gospel Visioners. The research was anchored on authentic leadership theory. Correlational research design was utilized. A total of 35 Pentecostal churches in Embu County were selected. A purposive sample of 387 respondents participated in the study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using moderated regression technique. Results demonstrated that authentic leadership significantly influenced church growth (R²=.740, p<.01). Only the main effect of age on church growth was statistically significant (B = -0.032, p = .019). However, none of the personal characteristics significantly moderated the effect of authentic leadership on church growth. The absence of a moderating effect from personal characteristics suggests that authentic leadership transcends demographic differences. The study affirms the relevance of authentic leadership theory by demonstrating its significant influence on church growth, regardless of personal uniqueness. The findings suggest that authentic leadership, with its focus on genuine relationships and empowerment, remains a key driver of organizational success, transcending demographic variables in the context of church growth in Kenya.
Protocolización de una sociedad cooperativa para productores apícolas en Delicias, Chihuahua
Authors: Valenzuela-Arizpe Francisco Nahúm , Sánchez Bernal Jorge Alberto , Terrazas Gómez Marina Imelda , Gonzales Anchondo Maria Elvira
Published: January 2025

En México las sociedades cooperativas apícolas son un ejemplo de organizaciones que promueven la colaboración y la solidaridad entre los apicultores del país. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo el diseño de una sociedad cooperativa apícola en Delicias, Chihuahua para promover el cooperativismo entre los productores de miel principalmente a los emprendedores apícolas para hacerles evidente los beneficios potenciales tanto económicos, sociales, ambientales, tecnológicos e institucionales y lograr la consolidación de una sociedad cooperativa apícola. El resultado del trabajo fue la unión de productores y emprendedores de miel obteniendo como principal integrador, la producción de reinas, adquisición de insumos y una marca regional para la comercialización.
INOVAÇÕES NA CONTABILIDADE DIGITAL: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UM ESCRITÓRIO DE CONTABILIDADE DE MARABÁ – PARÁ
Authors: Da Silva Araújo Lima Ana Joana , Dos Santos Filho Manoel Francelino
Published: January 2025

A transformação digital tem revolucionado a contabilidade, oferecendo aos escritórios contábeis novas ferramentas que otimizam processos, aumentam a eficiência e melhoram a segurança da informação. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar como as inovações tecnológicas, como softwares de automação contábil, sistemas de gestão integrada e plataformas de armazenamento em nuvem, impactam as rotinas diárias do escritório contábil localizado na microrregião de Marabá-PA. A pesquisa explora a percepção dos profissionais sobre a implementação dessas ferramentas e os efeitos observados, como a redução de erros operacionais e a agilização dos processos contábeis. Embora os benefícios da contabilidade digital sejam amplamente reconhecidos, o estudo também revela desafios persistentes, como a capacitação contínua dos profissionais e a resistência à adaptação das práticas tradicionais. Assim, esta pesquisa busca oferecer uma análise crítica sobre o estágio atual da digitalização do escritório, contribuindo para a compreensão das práticas que podem maximizar os benefícios da contabilidade digital.
A Review of Distribution Network Expansion Planning
Authors: Wan Yusoff Wan Yusrizal , Mohammad Lutfi Othman  , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin , Abdul Wahab Noor Izzri , Zainul Abidin Aidil Azwin
Published: January 2025

Distribution Networks Expansion Planning (DNEP) is very complex and involves improving the system to meet the increasing demand using the most cost-effective strategy. Among the planned choices are the extension of substations, upgrade of distribution feeders, installation of additional Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), installation of Capacitor Banks (CBs) and many other methods. Distribution planners in contemporary networks must have faith in the reversibility of investments where Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) inject clean and cost-effective for DNEP to meet growing demand and environmental requirements. The comprehensive review of DNEP carried out in this paper covers all possible objective functions and problem constraints. With the rise of electric vehicles (EVs), there is a growing need to assess the impact of EV charging on distribution networks. Understanding how EV loads affect the network helps plan future expansions to efficiently accommodate the charging infrastructure. Integrating DERs, such as solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage systems, is changing how electricity is generated, distributed, and consumed. Assessing the integration of DERs into distribution networks is crucial for optimal network planning and operation. In addition, CBs are essential for power factor correction and voltage regulation in distribution networks. Including CBs in expansion planning helps improve network efficiency, reliability, and overall power quality. By analyzing the impact of EV loads, DERs, and CBs in DNEP, researchers and planners can develop more accurate models and strategies for designing sustainable and resilient power systems to efficiently meet the growing energy demands.
Experimental Investigation on a Trailing Edge Morphing Airfoil (TEMA) with Zigzag Rib Structure at Low Speed
Authors: Kodigaddi Siddalingappa Parameshappa , Venkataramana Srikanth Holalu , Natesan Kapilan , Mazlan Norkhairunnisa
Published: January 2025

Camber-morphing wing technology enables adaptive adjustments to wing curvature by optimizing aerodynamic performance and efficiency for varying flight conditions. This study emphasizes the novel Trailing Edge Morphing Airfoil (TEMA) design and analysis, showcasing its noteworthy aerodynamic characteristics. The design uses the parabolic morphing method to obtain TEMA profiles for deflection angles. The different shapes of the TEMA and base airfoil were analyzed using the XFOIL solver with a linear-vorticity stream function formulation. TEMA with a flexible zigzag section was developed using a 3D printing technique with TPU material. The rectangular wing model was developed using TEMA and tested in a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel with Reynolds numbers of 1.19 ×105, 2.54 × 105 and 3.18 x 105 for different angles of attack. The test cases had a combination of different Reynolds numbers, deflection angles, and angles of attack. The aerodynamic characteristics were calculated by measuring the pressure coefficient around the TEMA using an advanced pressure scanner. The results show that TEMA with a moderate deflection angle has the potential to improve the lift-to-drag ratios by around 30%. It was concluded that TEMA with +5° and +10° deflection angles demonstrated superior aerodynamic efficiency at the Reynolds numbers mentioned compared to the conventional NACA 2412 airfoil.
Influence of Drying Temperature in the Oven on Physical, Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Mycelium Composite
Authors: Ahmad Farrahnoor  , Noor Hishamuddini Arif Danial , Hamid Yusoff  , Koay Mei Hyie , Normariah Che Maideen  , Mohd Fohimi Nor Azirah , Boey Tze Zhou
Published: January 2025

Mycelium, a root-like fungi network, possesses distinctive characteristics that render it an appealing contender for replacing polystyrene (PS). Drying in the oven is one of the most commonly used methods for producing mycelium composites. However, achieving its desired properties requires proper control of the drying temperature. This research aims to develop a mycelium-based composite by utilising an edible mushroom, specifically Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), as an alternative to non-biodegradable materials for packaging applications. The composite is developed by inoculating Pleurotus ostreatus fungi into the substrate, mainly consisting of kenaf, wheat bran and CaCO3. Afterwards, the composite was incubated for 20 days and then subjected to drying at different oven temperatures (e.g. 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C) for 24 hours. Our findings indicate that the desirable mechanical properties of mycelium composite were found at 60°C, where flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength were obtained at 0.11 MPa, 4.15 GPa and 635.8 N, respectively. The moisture content was 26.13%, and the shrinkage was 20.73%. The obtained density of 0.15 g/cm3 was compared to the density of PS, which is 1.04 g/cm3. This research indicates that a lightweight composite material, consisting of a network of interconnected hyphae that function as a natural adhesive, holds significant potential as a viable solution for achieving a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future, primarily due to its biodegradability.
Primary Recovery of Carboxymethyl Cellulase from Thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis 2D55 Using an Aqueous Two-phase System
Authors: Kazeem Muinat Olanike , Abbasiliasi Sahar , Tan Joo Shun , Baharuddin Azhari Samsu , Abdul Rahman Nor’ Aini
Published: January 2025

This study uses an aqueous two-phase system developed from a polymer and salt to purify a thermostable carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) produced by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis 2D55. The effects of system parameters, such as polyethene glycol (PEG) molar mass, salt concentration, crude load, NaCl concentration and pH on partitioning and recovery efficiency, are evaluated. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is used to determine the purity of the CMCase. The enzyme is successfully purified, achieving a 10.9-fold purification and 86.62% yield. The maximum purification condition is achieved in ATPS comprising 20.5% PEG 8000/15% sodium citrate, with a crude load of 17% (w/w), NaCl of 1.0% (w/w) and pH at 7.0. Under these conditions, a partition co-efficient of 0.21 is observed, indicating that CMCase preferentially partitions to the bottom phase. These results demonstrate the potential of ATPS for the purification of thermostable CMCase from the fermentation broth of thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis 2D55.
Inovação na integração da arquitetura e tecnologia
Authors: Paulo Elson Eduardo de Oliveira , Metello Humberto da Silva
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa discorre sobre a presença do sistema construtivo Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF), produzido com poliestireno expandido, no Brasil, e sua aplicação em um dos setores mais tradicionais do País, com o objetivo de analisar os tipos de fornecedores no mercado e os desafios de implementar o sistema ICF em meio à concorrência, com métodos consolidados, observando a resistência da indústria a inovações na engenharia, arquitetura e construção. Com foco na sustentabilidade e inovação em materiais alternativos, a pesquisa aborda o uso de materiais reutilizáveis, desempenho e qualidade no ambiente construído. Nesse contexto foram investigados os fornecedores e a competitividade do sistema ICF no Brasil, bem como os desafios enfrentados para sua aceitação no mercado. Esta pesquisa destaca as dificuldades da introdução do sistema ICF no mercado brasileiro, ainda resistente a modernas tecnologias, apontando os potenciais e desafios deste sistema construtivo no setor. Evidencia-se a relevância da sustentabilidade e da inovação no uso de materiais na construção civil, contribuindo para a compreensão dos caminhos para a inserção de novas técnicas no mercado e para o debate sobre a sustentabilidade e inovação na construção civil brasileira, promovendo o uso de materiais alternativos para o avanço do setor.
Development of Antiviral Therapies Using CRISPR-Cas Technology
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Paliya Nikita , Sharma Kusum , Malik Vikas
Published: January 2025

Viruses continue to pose significant global health threats, with emerging epidemics such as HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 highlighting the limitations of current antiviral therapies, including drug resistance and the inability to target latent infections. The CRISPR-Cas system, a revolutionary gene-editing technology, offers promising alternatives for addressing these challenges. This article reviews the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas in antiviral therapy, focusing on its ability to target both viral genomes and host factors critical for viral replication, recent advancements, limitations, and future prospects. Moreover, CRISPR can enhance antiviral strategies by editing host genes to confer cellular resistance and developing precise diagnostic tools for rapid viral detection. Even though research has demonstrated the potential of CRISPR in preclinical settings, challenges including incomplete viral clearance, off-target effects, and the transient nature of RNA-targeting strategies still exist. Further research is still required to determine the scalability of CRISPR technologies as well as their safety and effectiveness in human trials. Additionally, ethical concerns and the need for optimized delivery systems must be addressed for widespread clinical application. Despite these obstacles, recent advancements in CRISPR-based therapies for viral infections are promising, and ongoing research could soon result in more effective and adaptable antiviral treatments, potentially revolutionizing the future of infectious disease management.
Sexualitet, samtycke och relationer i grundskolans bildämne
Authors: Öhman Elisabeth Lisa
Published: January 2025

Sexuality, Consent and Relationships in Swedish Arts Education. The aim of this study is to examine how the knowledge area of sexuality, consent and relationships could come into being in the context of Swedish Arts education. More specifically, it explores how phenomena such as identity, sexuality, and gender are material—discursively produced during 15–16-year-old students’ work with photographic portraits in Arts education in Grade 9. Using Karen Barad’s concept of space-time-matter in the analysis shows how subject-didactic opportunities and challenges reformulate the ideas about what sexuality education can be. Results also show how the notions of sexuality, consent and relationships are transformed in the open-ended process of working with Arts education as a material-discursive entanglement.
Om behovet av samsyn och riktlinjer
Authors: Hulth Magdalena
Published: January 2025

On the Need for Consensus and Guidelines: Focus Group Discussions on Sexuality and Sexuality Education in Preschool. The article is based on a discourse analysis of focus group discussions with preschool practitioners in Sweden. It explores the professional considerations made in relation to children, sexuality, and Sexuality Education. Three subject positions emerge: the consensus-seeking teacher, characterized by uncertainty and a need for guidelines; the curriculum-oriented teacher, who uses the curriculum to support children’s rights; and the (reluctant) reporting teacher, who struggles between mandatory reporting and personal judgment. The study highlights the curriculum as a tool for professional competence, but that societal norms about children’s sexuality profoundly shape preschool practitioners’ professional considerations. This emphasizes the need for education and dialogue about children’s sexuality in preschool teacher education.
Från strategisk anpassning till institutionell allians
Authors: Lundin Mattias
Published: January 2025

From Strategic Alignment to Institutional Alliance. A Study on LGBTQ Teachers’ Experiences of Belonging and Exclusion in Schools. The point of departure for this project is the importance of a sense of belonging to the contexts in which one is assigned to work, which in this case mainly refers to teachers’ sense of belonging to both their colleagues and their identity as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender or queer (LGBTQ). By analysing seven narratives, the text aims to contribute knowledge on how LGBTQ teachers experience breaking the hetero norm by focusing on how belonging is created. Two situations in the data stand out with respect to how belonging is reconstructed for the teachers. These are characterised by institutional alliance building to create clarity about belonging and inclusion. The data raises the question of whether a success factor for creating belonging is schools’ efforts to develop their institutional support regarding inclusion and LGBTQ awareness.
Sun Exposure and Skin Health : A Comprehensive Review of Photoprotection and Sunscreen Efficacy In Preventing Skin Diseases
Authors: Aarya Pardeshi  , Mrs Simran Jaggi
Published: January 2025

Skin is a thin layer of tissue forming the natural integumentary system of the body that acts as a barrier to protect it from exogenous and endogenous factors that induce undesirable biological responses in body. Among these risk factors skin damage triggered by solar ultraviolet radiation [UVR] is an escalating problem in dermatology with an increased incidence of acute and chronic cutaneous reactions. Sunburn is described as the erythematic acute cutaneous response in addition to increased melanin and apoptosis of keratinocytes to prevent skin carcinoma, solar UV damage leads to immunosuppressive skin diseases. Sunscreen is the most protective behaviour , these are products that are placed in contact with human skin with intention of absorbing, scattering, reflecting solar UV radiations. The frequency of use has increased remarkably due to greater awareness of skin damaging effects of skin exposure to sunlight. Sunscreen chemicals [UV Filters] are used not onlyto protect skin but also to prevent it from photo-degradation.
Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System
Authors: Mr. Hanuman A Idhole  , Mr. Prathmesh D Bhoyar  , Mrs. Swati K. Aswani  , Prof. (Dr.) M. D. Kitukale
Published: January 2025

Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems engage with the mucus layer on the mucosal epithelial surface, interacting with mucin molecules and prolonging the duration of the dosage form at the absorption site. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are components of controlled drug delivery systems as well as novel drug delivery systems. Administering drugs through the absorptive mucosa in various readily accessible body cavities such as ocularnasal, buccal, rectal, and vaginal mucosa presents notable benefits compared to peroral administration for systemic effects. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems extend the duration the dosage form remains at the application or absorption site. They promote close interaction between the dosage form and the underlying absorption surface, thereby enhancing the drug's therapeutic effectiveness.
A Review on Salfanilamide Cream for Antibacterial Infection
Authors: Ms. Shubhangi Vyankati Jambre  , Mrs. Priti P. Ambhore
Published: January 2025

Over the last decades the treatment of illness has been accomplished by administering drugs to the human body via various roots namely oral, sublingual, rectal, parental ,topical , inhalation etc. Topical delivery can be defined as the application of a drug containing formulation to the skin to directly treat cutaneous disorder or the cutaneous manifestations of a general disease (eg. psoriasis) with the intent of containing the pharmacological or the effect of drug to the surface of the skin or within the skin semisolid formulations in all their diversity dominate the system for topical delivery, but foams, spray , medicated powders, solutions and even medicated adhesive systems are in use.[1]
Hospital admissions and headache costs in children and adolescents in Brazil: An ecological study from 2013 to 2023.
Authors: Cavagnoli Giovanna Lourenço , Espindola Vitor Dias , Messias Emely Regina , Queiroz Bruno Dias , Mendes Natalia Camila Correia , Souza Marcelo Alves de
Published: January 2025

Headaches during childhood and adolescence are highly prevalent in Brazil and influenced by factors such as gender and age. The diagnosis, particularly of migraines, poses significant challenges, while treatment often involves a combination of pharmacological interventions and lifestyle modifications. This ecological, descriptive, and comparative study retrospectively analyzed data on hospitalizations due to headaches among children and adolescents in Brazil between 2013 and 2023, using information from the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). The analysis examined the number and costs of hospitalizations for migraines and other headache syndromes, focusing on variables such as region, age group, sex, and color/race. The study covered the entire national territory and assessed regional disparities. During the study period, Brazil reported 17,924 hospitalizations, with adolescents aged 15 to 19 years accounting for the highest prevalence (43.88%). Total expenditure reached BRL 6,499,792.90, with this age group incurring the highest costs. Findings underscored regional and gender disparities, with the Southeast region reporting the highest number of hospitalizations and a greater impact observed among females (62.3%). Understanding the epidemiological patterns of headaches in children and adolescents is critical for enhancing public health strategies, improving care delivery, and developing effective preventive measures.