bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large‐for‐gestational age diagnosed during second‐trimester anatomy ultrasound and association with gestational diabetes and large‐for‐gestational age at birth
Authors: Rekawek P. , Liu L. , Getrajdman C. , Brooks C. , Pan S. , Overbey J. , Wagner B.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To determine if large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) diagnosed during second‐trimester ultrasound examination is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and LGA at birth.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women who underwent a second‐trimester anatomy ultrasound examination between 18 and 22 weeks at our institution from 2012 to 2017. Patients were included in the LGA group if estimated fetal weight and/or fetal abdominal circumference was ≥ 90th percentile for gestational age. Patients with a history of pre‐GDM, multiple gestation, preterm delivery, use of betamethasone or fetal anomaly were excluded. The control group consisted of appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) pregnancies that were scanned at 18–22 weeks during the study period. AGA was defined as EFW > 10th percentile and ≤ 89th percentile. Prenatal and delivery records were reviewed and demographic and outcome variables were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the impact of LGA diagnosed in the second trimester on the development of GDM and LGA at birth (birth weight ≥ 90th percentile).

Results

The study population included 756 patients with a LGA fetus and 756 with an AGA fetus on second‐trimester ultrasound examination. In patients with a LGA fetus diagnosed during the second‐trimester ultrasound examination, the incidence of GDM was 6.0% and the incidence of LGA at birth was 14.9%. Among patients with a LGA fetus in the second trimester, those who developed GDM or LGA at birth were significantly older and were more likely to be obese. Moreover, parity was associated with neonatal LGA (P = 0.0003) but not with GDM (P = 0.82). On multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, parity, change in gestational body mass index, obesity, ethnicity and neonatal sex, LGA diagnosed during the second trimester was associated significantly with GDM (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.54; 95% CI, 1.29–5.03; P = 0.007) and LGA at birth (aOR, 6.85; 95% CI, 3.60–13.05; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

LGA diagnosed during second‐trimester ultrasound examination is associated with the development of GDM and LGA at birth, independent of known risk factors, and could be used to identify these women earlier for intervention. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
An efficient technique‐based distributed energy management for hybrid MG system: A hybrid QOCSOS‐RF technique
Authors: Chen Jialin , Zhou Zheng , Karunakaran Venkatesan , Zhao Shiwen
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes an efficient hybrid approach–based energy management strategy (EMS) for grid‐connected microgrid (MG) system. The primary objective of the proposed technique is to reduce the operational electricity cost and enhanced power flow between the source side and load side subject to power flow constraints. The proposed control scheme is a consolidated execution of both the random forest (RF) and quasi‐oppositional‐chaotic symbiotic organisms search algorithm (QOCSOS), and it is named as QOCSOS‐RF. Here, the QOCSOS can have the capacity to enhance the underlying irregular arrangements and joining to a superior point in the pursuit space. Likewise, the QOCSOS has prevalence in nonlinear frameworks due over the way that can insert and extrapolate the arbitrary information with high exactness. Here, the required load demand of the grid‐connected MG system is continuously tracked by the RF technique. The QOCSOS optimized the perfect combination of the MG with the consideration of the predicted load demand. Furthermore, in order to reduce the influence of renewable energy forecasting errors, a two‐strategy for energy management of the MG is employed. At that point, proposed model is executed in MATLAB/Simulink working platform, and the execution is assessed with the existing techniques.
Conviviality Vis-à-Vis Cosmopolitanism and Creolisation: Probing the Concepts
Authors: Hemer Oscar , Povrzanović Frykman Maja , Ristilammi Per-Markku
Published: November 2019

The introductory chapter discusses conviviality in relation to the adjoining concepts cosmopolitanism and creolisation. Inspired by the Spanish term convivencia, Ivan Illich envisioned a post-industrial convivial society of “autonomous individuals and primary groups” (Illich 1973), which resembles present-day manifestations of “convivialism”. Paul Gilroy refashioned conviviality as a substitute for cosmopolitanism, denoting an ability to be ‘at ease’ in contexts of diversity (Gilroy 2004). Rather than replacing one concept with the other, this book seeks to explore the interconnections—commonalities and differences—between them. The urgency of today’s global predicament is the recurring argument in the discussion of all three concepts, and a further reason to bring them in dialogue. Whereas conviviality and cosmopolitanism are already tightly intertwined, creolisation is arguably a necessary complement to the other two.
Seeing Johannesburg Anew: Conviviality and Opacity in Khalo Matabane’s Conversations on a Sunday Afternoon
Authors: Bystrom Kerry
Published: November 2019

Anxieties about the perceived failure of democracy since the end of apartheid in South Africa have been displaced onto migrant communities, resulting in xenophobic violence against black African immigrants. To envision alternatives to this violence, this chapter revisits Khalo Matabane’s Conversations on a Sunday Afternoon (Matabane Filmworks, South Africa, 2005), a hybrid fiction-documentary film that traces a South African poet’s chance meeting with a Somali refugee in Johannesburg and the encounters with other immigrants it enables. The film’s basic strategy is to track ‘convivial’ urban encounters, yet it also raises questions about the dynamics of such encounters and underscores the need to respect migrant ‘opacity’. Matabane shows how both conviviality and opacity are necessary to seeing Johannesburg anew and making it a truly hospitable environment.
Schleiermacher’s Geselligkeit, Henriette Herz, and the ‘Convivial Turn’
Authors: Wagner Ulrike
Published: November 2019

Scholars have invested significantly in highlighting the conceptual potentials of the term conviviality in recent years. The emphasis they place on its characteristics, however, is focused on the term’s uses and connotations in the modern period while its intellectual historical career does not play a role. In this essay, I bring into view theorisations of conviviality in religious and profane contexts from a cross-cultural and transhistorical perspective. I argue that the critics under discussion here articulate a strong concern with stripping conviviality of any ties to a defined set of purposes while highlighting its contingency. This transhistorical attentiveness to conviviality’s presentism and volatility, I suggest, constitutes the most productive and forward-looking aspect of past and present theorisations of the term.
Soziale Netzwerke und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten im Alter
Authors: Müller Britta , Ellwardt Lea
Published: November 2019

Gesundheit und soziale Netzwerke sind im Alter die zentralen Lebensbereiche.

Es existieren drei Thesen zum Verlauf des sozialen Gradienten von Gesundheit im Alter: die Kontinuitäts-, die Divergenz- und die Konvergenzthese.

Eine der wichtigsten Thesen zum sozialen Netzwerk im Alter ist die Aktivitätsthese. Sie besagt, dass gute Lebenszufriedenheit durch das Beibehalten von sozialen Interaktionen erreicht werden könne.
Soziale Beziehungen, soziales Kapital und soziale Netzwerke – eine begriffliche Einordnung
Authors: Vonneilich Nico
Published: November 2019

Soziale Beziehungen sind ein zentraler Gegenstand der Soziologie und können dementsprechend auf eine lange Forschungstradition zurückblicken. Im Laufe der Jahre haben sich soziologische (und andere wissenschaftlich verwandte) Forschungen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven mit sozialen Beziehungen beschäftigt, dabei ist eine ganze Fülle an Begrifflichkeiten entstanden, von sozialer Unterstützung über soziales Kapital und sozialer Kohäsion hin zu sozialen Netzwerken. Ziel des Kapitels ist es, einen Überblick über zentrale Begrifflichkeiten und deren theoretische Verortung zu geben, diese zu differenzieren und zu ordnen. So soll ein begriffliches Fundament für die weiteren Kapitel des vorliegenden Bandes gelegt werden.
Soziale Netzwerke, Gesundheit und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten im Jugendalter
Authors: Moor Irene , Hoffmann Laura , Mlinarić Martin , Richter Matthias
Published: November 2019

Die soziale Netzwerkforschung ist im Jugendalter vergleichsweise weit fortgeschritten, aufgrund von schulbasierten Surveys die v. a. seit den 1960er Jahren durchgeführt wurden.

Studien im Jugendalter fokussieren sich vornehmlich auf das Gesundheitsverhalten (insbesondere den Tabakkonsum aber auch Alkoholkonsum, Ernährung und körperliche Aktivität) als auch im geringeren Umfang auf die psychosoziale Gesundheit. Forschungsbedarf besteht hinsichtlich der Rolle sozialer Netzwerke zur Erklärung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten (über den Tabakkonsum hinausgehend) in Deutschland als auch unter Nutzung von längsschnittlichen Forschungsdesigns.
A long hypoxia-inducible factor 3 isoform 2 is a transcription activator that regulates erythropoietin
Authors: Tolonen Jussi-Pekka , Heikkilä Minna , Malinen Marjo , Lee Hang-Mao , Palvimo Jorma J. , Wei Gong-Hong , Myllyharju Johanna
Published: November 2019

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), an αβ dimer, is the master regulator of oxygen homeostasis with hundreds of hypoxia-inducible target genes. Three HIF isoforms differing in the oxygen-sensitive α subunit exist in vertebrates. While HIF-1 and HIF-2 are known transcription activators, HIF-3 has been considered a negative regulator of the hypoxia response pathway. However, the humanHIF3AmRNA is subject to complex alternative splicing. It was recently shown that the long HIF-3α variants can form αβ dimers that possess transactivation capacity. Here, we show that overexpression of the long HIF-3α2 variant induces the expression of a subset of genes, including the erythropoietin (EPO) gene, while simultaneous downregulation of all HIF-3α variants by siRNA targeting a sharedHIF3Aregion leads to downregulation ofEPOand additional genes. EPO mRNA and protein levels correlated withHIF3Asilencing and HIF-3α2 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that HIF-3α2 binding associated with canonical hypoxia response elements in the promoter regions ofEPO. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the identified HIF-3α2 chromatin-binding regions were sufficient to promote transcription by all three HIF-α isoforms. Based on these data, HIF-3α2 is a transcription activator that directly regulatesEPOexpression.
Utility of FOS as diagnostic marker for osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma
Authors: Lam Suk Wai , Cleven Arjen H. G. , Kroon Herman M. , Briaire-de Bruijn Inge H. , Szuhai Karoly , Bovée Judith V. M. G.
Published: November 2019

Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are bone-forming tumors shown to harbor FOS (87%) and FOSB (3%) rearrangements. The aim was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of FOS and FOSB in these tumors in comparison to other bone tumors, to evaluate the influence of decalcification, and to correlate immunohistochemical findings with the underlying genetic alteration using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Immunohistochemistry using whole sections was performed on osteoid osteoma (n=23), osteoblastoma (n=22), osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma (n=3), reactive (n=3), and proliferative (n=11) bone lesions. Immunoreactivity in giant cell tumor of bone (n=74), aneurysmal bone cyst (n=6), chondromyxoid fibroma (n=20), osteosarcoma (n=85), chondroblastoma (n=17), and clear cell chondrosarcoma (n=20) was assessed using tissue micro arrays. Strong nuclear expression of FOS in > 50% of the tumor cells was observed in all osteoid osteomas (22/22), in 57% of osteoblastomas (12/21) and in 3/197 control cases. FOS immunoreactivity disappeared after > 3 days decalcification. FOS rearrangements were present in 94% of osteoid osteomas and osteoblastomas, with a concordance of 86% between FISH and immunohistochemistry. Two osteoblastomas (5%) were positive for FOSB, as opposed to 8/177 control cases. Additional FISH revealed no FOSB rearrangements in these cases. To conclude, in short decalcified biopsies, FOS immunohistochemistry can be used to diagnose osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma, as overexpression is seen in the majority, being rare in their mimics. FOS immunohistochemistry should not be used after long decalcification. Moreover, low level of focal expression found in other lesions and tissues might cause diagnostic problems, in which case FISH could be employed.
Formation of segregation structures in Hafnarhraun pāhoehoe lobe, SW Iceland: a window into crystal–melt separation in basaltic magma
Authors: Nikkola Paavo , Thordarson Thorvaldur , Rämö O. Tapani , Heikkilä Pasi
Published: November 2019

To gain insights into crystal–melt separation processes during basalt differentiation, we have studied an 8-m-thick pāhoehoe lava lobe from the Hafnarhraun lava flow field in SW Iceland. The lobe has abundant melt segregations, porous cylindrical and sheet-like structures, generally interpreted as separated residual melts of a lava lobe. We divide these melt segregations into three types based on morphology and composition: vesicle cylinders (VC), type 1 horizontal vesicle sheets (HVS1), and type 2 horizontal vesicle sheets (HVS2). Remarkably, the studied VC are not simple residual melts generated by fractional crystallization, but their composition points to removal of plagioclase from the parental lava. HVS1 resemble VC, but have fractionated more olivine (ol) + plagioclase (plg) ± augite and have lost most, if not all, of their olivine phenocrysts. HVS2 are Fe-rich and evolved, corresponding to residual melts after 50–60% fractional crystallization of the lobe. We suggest that the Hafnarhraun VC formed in a two-stage process. Firstly, VC forming residual melt and vapor detached as rising diapirs from ol+plg+melt+vapor mush near the lava base, and later, these VC diapirs accumulated ol phenocrysts and minor plg microphenocrysts in the lava core. HVS1 represent accumulations of VC to the viscous base of the solidifying upper crust of the lobe, and HVS2 formed as evolved vapor-saturated residual melts seeped into voids within the upper crust. Such vapor-aided differentiation, here documented for the Hafnarhraun lava, may also apply to shallow crustal magma storage zones, contributing to the formation of evolved basalts.
Correction to: On Orthogonal Projections for Dimension Reduction and Applications in Augmented Target Loss Functions for Learning Problems
Authors: Breger A. , Orlando J. I. , Harar P. , Dörfler M. , Klimscha S. , Grechenig C. , Gerendas B. S. , Schmidt-Erfurth U. , Ehler M.
Published: November 2019

The article was originally published by the journal with an incorrect title.
Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history
Authors: Sadeq Shlair A. , Beckerman Andrew P.
Published: November 2019

A key challenge of standard ecotoxicological risk assessment is to predict the sub-lethal risk of multiple contaminants on aquatic organisms. Our study assessed the sub-lethal mixture toxicity of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on Daphnia pulex and included manipulations of food level and assessment of three genotypes. We investigated the interaction between essential (Cu) and non-essential (Cd) metals on ingestion rate, reproduction, maturation time, size at maturity and somatic growth rate of three D. pulex genotypes, over 21 days and under standard and high food conditions. We explored the potential interaction of the metals on ingestion and life history by implementing a response surface experimental design combining control and two levels of Cu and Cd and their combinations. Overall, both metals reduced ingestion rates, reduced reproduction, delayed maturation, reduced body size at maturity and lowered somatic growth rate. Our results further indicated pervasive interactions between the metals; numerous instances where the effects of each metal were non-linear; the effect of a metal varied by D. pulex food levels (ingestion rate and size at maturity), and the effect of a metal varied by genotypes (reproduction). Apart from the maturation time and somatic growth rate, our results suggest that life history traits are affected in non-additive ways by three factors that are often discussed and rarely estimated together: mixtures of metals, genotypes and resource levels. Our data that are derived from exposing daphnids to two metals highlight how metals interact with each other and the context of food resource and genetic variation. While interactions make it harder to generate predictions, and ultimately water quality regulations about the effects of metals, those detected in this study appear to be tractable.
XPO1 Gene Therapy Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats with Chronic Induced Myocardial Infarction
Authors: García-Manzanares María , Tarazón Estefanía , Ortega Ana , Gil-Cayuela Carolina , Martínez-Dolz Luis , González-Juanatey José Ramón , Lago Francisca , Portolés Manuel , Roselló-Lletí Esther , Rivera Miguel
Published: November 2019

Transcriptomic signature of XPO1 was highly expressed and inversely related to left ventricular function in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. We hypothesized that treatment with AAV9-shXPO1 attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in a myocardial infarction rat model. We induced myocardial infarction by coronary ligation in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10), which received AAV9-shXPO1 (n = 5) or placebo AAV9-scramble (n = 5) treatment. Serial echocardiographic assessment was performed throughout the study. After myocardial infarction, AAV9-shXPO1-treated rats showed partial recovery of left ventricular fractional shortening (16.8 ± 2.8 vs 24.6 ± 4.1%, P < 0.05) and a maintained left ventricular dimension (6.17 ± 0.95 vs 4.70 ± 0.93 mm, P < 0.05), which was not observed in non-treated rats. Furthermore, lower levels of EXP-1 (P < 0.05) and lower collagen fibers and fibrosis in cardiac tissue were observed. However, no differences were found in the IL-6 or TNFR1 plasma levels of the myocardium of AAV9-shXPO1 rats. AAV9-shXPO1 administration attenuates cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in rats after myocardial infarction, producing the gene silencing of XPO1.
Effects from usage of pre-trip information and passenger scheduling strategies on waiting times in public transport: an empirical survey based on a dedicated smartphone application
Authors: Berggren Ulrik , Brundell-Freij Karin , Svensson Helena , Wretstrand Anders
Published: November 2019

Waiting times are important indicators of the degree of travel time optimisation and other behavioural traits among public transport (PT) passengers. As previous studies have shown, the level and usage of pre-trip information regarding schedule or real-time departures are important factors that influence the potential to realise travel time savings by enabling PT passengers to optimise waiting times. Most empirical evidence regarding the revealed PT travel behaviour concerning information levels is based on manual interviews or traditional travel surveys, in which there is a risk that the actual context of where and when the choice of departure time was made is not taken into account. This paper reports the results of a travel survey based on a dedicated smartphone application applied in a field study in a Swedish mid-size urban and regional context. Context-aware notification prompting was used to allow respondents to state their use of pre-trip information as well as whether they had pre-planned their trip and how contingent planning aids were used for time optimisation. The implications on passenger waiting times of the use of information regarding departure times by passengers were emphasised during analyses of the resulting data, along with personal characteristics, in which auxiliary sources such as timetable data and Automatic Vehicle Location were utilised to determine ground truth trip trajectories and trip-contextual factors. The results indicate the significance of having access to pre-trip information, especially for long trips above one hour’s duration, in order to pre-plan and thereby optimise waiting times. In addition, the use and source of pre-trip information differ among age and gender groups. Trip purpose and time of day to some extent determine waiting times and choice of trip optimisation strategy (arrival or departure time).
Identification of Sugarcane with NDVI Time Series Based on HJ-1 CCD and MODIS Fusion
Authors: Chen Yanli , Feng Liping , Mo Jianfei , Mo Weihua , Ding Meihua , Liu Zhiping
Published: November 2019

It is currently difficult to acquire the clear-sky data with high spatial resolutions in spring and summer in the southern region of China, making it impossible to carry out timely and fine monitoring of sugarcane planting information. Thus, Fusui, a sugarcane producing county in Guangxi, was selected in this paper to analyze the NDVI characteristics and change rules during the whole growth period of sugarcane based on MODIS and HJ-1 CCD remote sensing data, which were fused into 30 m resolution NDVI time series data with high accuracy by using the spatial and temporal fusion model of multi-source remote sensing data ESTRAFM. In addition, the NDVI change rate and sample automatic training threshold were used to construct the sugarcane planting information identification model. The results showed that the fused images showed a high similarity with the observed images, indicating good fusion quality. Moreover, the correlation coefficients in the sugarcane planting area reached 0.953, and AD, AAD and SD were 0.033, 0.019 and 0.007, respectively. The NDVI change rate model was used to identify the sugarcane planting information in different time phases of 113 d, 129 d, 145 d, 193 d and 209 d in spring and summer, and the overall accuracy was 92.17%, 92.58%, 91.78%, 90.52% and 91.17%, respectively. The established model also achieved good results in 2017 with the overall accuracies are 88.44%, 87.79%, 89.79%, 88.34% for 113 d, 145 d, 193 d and 209 d.
Use of maximum likelihood sparse spike inversion and probabilistic neural network for reservoir characterization: a study from F-3 block, the Netherlands
Authors: Kushwaha Prabodh Kumar , Maurya S. P. , Singh N. P. , Rai Piyush
Published: November 2019

Maximum likelihood sparse spike inversion (MLSSI) method is commonly used in the seismic industry to estimate petrophysical parameters in inter-well region. In present study, maximum likelihood sparse spike inversion technique is applied to the processed 3D post-stack seismic data from the F-3 block, the Netherlands, for estimation of acoustic impedance in the region between the wells. The analysis shows that the impedance varies from 2500 to 6200 m/s/*g/cc in the region which is relatively low and indicates the presence of loose formation in the area. The correlation between synthetic seismic trace and original seismic trace is found to be 0.93 and the synthetic relative error as 0.369, which indicate good performance of the algorithm. The analysis also shows low-impedance anomaly in between 600 and 700 ms time interval which may be due to the presence of sand formation. Thereafter, the probabilistic neural network analysis is performed to predict porosity along with multi-attribute transform analysis to estimate P-wave velocity and porosity in inter-well region. These parameters strengthen the seismic data interpretation which is very crucial step of any exploration and production project. The method is first applied to the composite traces near to well locations, and results are compared with well log data. After getting reasonable results, the whole seismic section is inverted for the P-wave velocity and porosity volume. The analysis shows anomaly in between 600 and 700 ms time interval which corroborates well with the low-impedance zone which may correspond to the reservoir. This is preliminarily interpretation; however to confirm a reservoir, there is need for more petrophysical parameters to be studied.
The Translational Status of Cancer Liquid Biopsies
Authors: Bratulic Sinisa , Gatto Francesco , Nielsen Jens
Published: November 2019

Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient’s body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research.

Lay Summary

Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient’s body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.
HOW PUBLIC OPINION SHAPES TAIWAN'S SUNFLOWER MOVEMENT
Authors: Wu Charles K.S.
Published: November 2019

The 2014 Sunflower Movement succeeded in blocking Taiwan's Congress from ratifying the Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement (CSSTA), a bill that proposed to liberalize trade with China. Since most of the participants in this movement were students and NGO members, they had limited economic and political resources to influence policy change, which makes their success in stopping a trade deal remarkable. Many attribute this important success to an elite alliance with politicians inside the government, fueled by a personal rivalry between political elites. However, I argue that changing public opinion is the more important force behind the creation of the alliance. With original data from interviews with political elites, their staff members, and activists in Taiwan, in addition to secondary information, I confirm public opinion to be the major reason for the political alliance. This case illustrates that in some circumstances, public opinion outweighs the importance of elite rivalry in influencing political elite decision-making, and it could represent a key mechanism of democratic policy-making.
Pulmonale Rehabilitation
Authors: Frey Martin
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die pulmonale Rehabilitation ist eine komprehensive Behandlungsform, die bei fortgeschrittenen chronischen Lungenerkrankungen eine Abnahme der Dyspnoe, eine Verbesserung der Anstrengungstoleranz und eine Zunahme der Lebensqualität erreicht. Sie senkt im Weitern die Hospitalisationsfrequenzen und kann vor allem unter Einbezug einer Selbstmanagementschulung nachhaltig die körperliche Aktivität und damit die Prognose der Grunderkrankung verbessern. Die pulmonale Rehabilitation umfasst nach einem präzisen assessment eine individualisierte Trainingstherapie mit Fokus auf Ausdauer, Kraft und Beweglichkeit sowie im Weitern eine krankheitsspezifische Schulung, die nicht nur die «self efficacy» und das «self management» fördert, sondern auch das Ziel hat, den Lebensstil im Sinne einer Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität zu ändern. Aufgrund der guten Evidenzlage sind akkreditierte Rehabilitationsprogramme eine Pflichtleistung der Kostenträger und können sowohl ambulant als auch stationär durchgeführt werden.
Gain of Chromosome 1q is associated with early progression in multiple myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone
Authors: Schmidt Timothy M. , Barwick Benjamin G. , Joseph Nisha , Heffner Leonard T. , Hofmeister Craig C. , Bernal Leon , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Gupta Vikas A. , Jaye David L. , Wu Jiayi , Goyal Subir , Chen Zhengjia , Boise Lawrence H. , Lonial Sagar , Nooka Ajay K. , Kaufman Jonathan L.
Published: November 2019

Gain of chromosome 1q (+1q) is commonly identified in multiple myeloma and has been associated with inferior outcomes. However, the prognostic implication of +1q has not been evaluated in the setting of standard triplet regimens. We retrospectively analyzed 201 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed myeloma who received induction with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) and were tested for +1q at diagnosis by fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Patients with +1q (n = 94), compared to those without +1q (n = 107), had shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) (41.9 months vs 65.1 months, p = 0.002, HR = 1.90) and overall survival (median not reached (NR) for either arm, p = 0.003, HR 2.69). In subgroup analyses, patients with co-occurring +1q and t(4;14), t(14;16) or del(17p) or with 4 or more copies of 1q had significantly worse PFS (25.1 months and 34.6 months, p < 0.001 and p = 0.0063, respectively), whereas patients with three copies and no other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities had no significant difference in PFS. These data suggest that when treated with RVD induction, patients with +1q should be considered at very high risk for early progression in multiple myeloma when ≥4 copies are detected or in the context of other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities.
Polymorphic cobalt diselenide as extremely stable electrocatalyst in acidic media via a phase-mixing strategy
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Long , Hu Shao-Jin , Zheng Ya-Rong , Wu Rui , Gao Fei-Yue , Yang Peng-Peng , Niu Zhuang-Zhuang , Gu Chao , Yu Xingxing , Zheng Xu-Sheng , Ma Cheng , Zheng Xiao , Zhu Jun-Fa , Gao Min-Rui , Yu Shu-Hong
Published: November 2019

Many platinum group metal-free inorganic catalysts have demonstrated high intrinsic activity for diverse important electrode reactions, but their practical use often suffers from undesirable structural degradation and hence poor stability, especially in acidic media. We report here an alkali-heating synthesis to achieve phase-mixed cobalt diselenide material with nearly homogeneous distribution of cubic and orthorhombic phases. Using water electroreduction as a model reaction, we observe that the phase-mixed cobalt diselenide reaches the current density of 10 milliamperes per square centimeter at overpotential of mere 124 millivolts in acidic electrolyte. The catalyst shows no sign of deactivation after more than 400 h of continuous operation and the polarization curve is well retained after 50,000 potential cycles. Experimental and computational investigations uncover a boosted covalency between Co and Se atoms resulting from the phase mixture, which substantially enhances the lattice robustness and thereby the material stability. The findings provide promising design strategy for long-lived catalysts in acid through crystal phase engineering.
Atomic structure of the human herpesvirus 6B capsid and capsid-associated tegument complexes
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Liu Wei , Li Zihang , Kumar Vinay , Alvarez-Cabrera Ana L. , Leibovitch Emily C. , Cui Yanxiang , Mei Ye , Bi Guo-Qiang , Jacobson Steve , Zhou Z. Hong
Published: November 2019

Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) belongs to the β-herpesvirus subfamily of the Herpesviridae. To understand capsid assembly and capsid-tegument interactions, here we report atomic structures of HHV-6B capsid and capsid-associated tegument complex (CATC) obtained by cryoEM and sub-particle reconstruction. Compared to other β-herpesviruses, HHV-6B exhibits high similarity in capsid structure but organizational differences in its CATC (pU11 tetramer). 180 “VΛ”-shaped CATCs are observed in HHV-6B, distinguishing from the 255 “Λ”-shaped dimeric CATCs observed in murine cytomegalovirus and the 310 “Δ”-shaped CATCs in human cytomegalovirus. This trend in CATC quantity correlates with the increasing genomes sizes of these β-herpesviruses. Incompatible distances revealed by the atomic structures rationalize the lack of CATC’s binding to triplexes Ta, Tc, and Tf in HHV-6B. Our results offer insights into HHV-6B capsid assembly and the roles of its tegument proteins, including not only the β-herpesvirus-specific pU11 and pU14, but also those conserved across all subfamilies of Herpesviridae.
Identification of four novel associations for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia risk
Authors: Vijayakrishnan Jayaram , Qian Maoxiang , Studd James B. , Yang Wenjian , Kinnersley Ben , Law Philip J. , Broderick Peter , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Allan James , Pui Ching-Hon , Vora Ajay , Evans William E. , Moorman Anthony , Yeoh Allen , Yang Wentao , Li Chunliang , Bartram Claus R. , Mullighan Charles G. , Zimmerman Martin , Hunger Stephen P. , Schrappe Martin , Relling Mary V. , Stanulla Martin , Loh Mignon L. , Houlston Richard S. , Yang Jun J.
Published: November 2019

There is increasing evidence for a strong inherited genetic basis of susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children. To identify new risk variants for B-cell ALL (B-ALL) we conducted a meta-analysis with four GWAS (genome-wide association studies), totalling 5321 cases and 16,666 controls of European descent. We herein describe novel risk loci for B-ALL at 9q21.31 (rs76925697,P = 2.11 × 10−8), for high-hyperdiploid ALL at 5q31.1 (rs886285,P = 1.56 × 10−8) and 6p21.31 (rs210143 inBAK1,P = 2.21 × 10−8), andETV6-RUNX1ALL at 17q21.32 (rs10853104 inIGF2BP1,P = 1.82 × 10−8). Particularly notable are the pleiotropic effects of theBAK1variant on multiple haematological malignancies and specific effects ofIGF2BP1onETV6-RUNX1ALL evidenced by both germline and somatic genomic analyses. Integration of GWAS signals with transcriptomic/epigenomic profiling and 3D chromatin interaction data for these leukaemia risk loci suggests deregulation of B-cell development and the cell cycle as central mechanisms governing genetic susceptibility to ALL.
JASPer controls interphase histone H3S10 phosphorylation by chromosomal kinase JIL-1 in Drosophila
Authors: Albig Christian , Wang Chao , Dann Geoffrey P. , Wojcik Felix , Schauer Tamás , Krause Silke , Maenner Sylvain , Cai Weili , Li Yeran , Girton Jack , Muir Tom W. , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M. , Becker Peter B. , Regnard Catherine
Published: November 2019

In flies, the chromosomal kinase JIL-1 is responsible for most interphase histone H3S10 phosphorylation and has been proposed to protect active chromatin from acquiring heterochromatic marks, such as dimethylated histone H3K9 (H3K9me2) and HP1. Here, we show that JIL-1’s targeting to chromatin depends on a PWWP domain-containing protein JASPer (JIL-1 Anchoring and Stabilizing Protein). JASPer-JIL-1 (JJ)-complex is the major form of kinase in vivo and is targeted to active genes and telomeric transposons via binding of the PWWP domain of JASPer to H3K36me3 nucleosomes, to modulate transcriptional output. JIL-1 and JJ-complex depletion in cycling cells lead to small changes in H3K9me2 distribution at active genes and telomeric transposons. Finally, we identify interactors of the endogenous JJ-complex and propose that JIL-1 not only prevents heterochromatin formation but also coordinates chromatin-based regulation in the transcribed part of the genome.
Chemotactic behaviour of Escherichia coli at high cell density
Authors: Colin Remy , Drescher Knut , Sourjik Victor
Published: November 2019

At high cell density, swimming bacteria exhibit collective motility patterns, self-organized through physical interactions of a however still debated nature. Although high-density behaviours are frequent in natural situations, it remained unknown how collective motion affects chemotaxis, the main physiological function of motility, which enables bacteria to follow environmental gradients in their habitats. Here, we systematically investigate this question in the model organism Escherichia coli, varying cell density, cell length, and suspension confinement. The characteristics of the collective motion indicate that hydrodynamic interactions between swimmers made the primary contribution to its emergence. We observe that the chemotactic drift is moderately enhanced at intermediate cell densities, peaks, and is then strongly suppressed at higher densities. Numerical simulations reveal that this suppression occurs because the collective motion disturbs the choreography necessary for chemotactic sensing. We suggest that this physical hindrance imposes a fundamental constraint on high-density behaviours of motile bacteria, including swarming and the formation of multicellular aggregates and biofilms.
Dimensional hierarchy of higher-order topology in three-dimensional sonic crystals
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Xie Bi-Ye , Wang Hong-Fei , Xu Xiangyuan , Tian Yuan , Jiang Jian-Hua , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: November 2019

Wave trapping and manipulation are at the heart of modern integrated photonics and acoustics. Grand challenges emerge on increasing the integration density and reducing the wave leakage/noises due to fabrication imperfections, especially for waveguides and cavities at subwavelength scales. The rising of robust wave dynamics based on topological mechanisms offers possible solutions. Ideally, in a three-dimensional (3D) topological integrated chip, there are coexisting robust two-dimensional (2D) interfaces, one-dimensional (1D) waveguides and zero-dimensional (0D) cavities. Here, we report the experimental discovery of such a dimensional hierarchy of the topologically-protected 2D surface states, 1D hinge states and 0D corner states in a single 3D system. Such an unprecedented phenomenon is triggered by the higher-order topology in simple-cubic sonic crystals and protected by the space group $${P}_{m\bar{3}m}$$Pm3 ¯m. Our study opens up a new regime for multidimensional wave trapping and manipulation at subwavelength scales, which may inspire future technology for integrated acoustics and photonics.
Targeting specificity of APOBEC-based cytosine base editor in human iPSCs determined by whole genome sequencing
Authors: McGrath Erica , Shin Hyunsu , Zhang Linyi , Phue Je-Nie , Wu Wells W. , Shen Rong-Fong , Jang Yoon-Young , Revollo Javier , Ye Zhaohui
Published: November 2019

DNA base editors have enabled genome editing without generating DNA double strand breaks. The applications of this technology have been reported in a variety of animal and plant systems, however, their editing specificity in human stem cells has not been studied by unbiased genome-wide analysis. Here we investigate the fidelity of cytidine deaminase-mediated base editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by whole genome sequencing after sustained or transient base editor expression. While base-edited iPSC clones without significant off-target modifications are identified, this study also reveals the potential of APOBEC-based base editors in inducing unintended point mutations outside of likely in silico-predicted CRISPR-Cas9 off-targets. The majority of the off-target mutations are C:G->T:A transitions or C:G->G:C transversions enriched for the APOBEC mutagenesis signature. These results demonstrate that cytosine base editor-mediated editing may result in unintended genetic modifications with distinct patterns from that of the conventional CRISPR-Cas nucleases.
Sugar-mediated regulation of a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Heo Kyoo , Park Young-Ha , Lee Kyung-Ah , Kim Joonwon , Ham Hyeong-In , Kim Byung-Gee , Lee Won-Jae , Seok Yeong-Jae
Published: November 2019

Biofilm formation protects bacteria from stresses including antibiotics and host immune responses. Carbon sources can modulate biofilm formation and host colonization in Vibrio cholerae, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that EIIAGlc, a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), regulates the intracellular concentration of the cyclic dinucleotide c-di-GMP, and thus biofilm formation. The availability of preferred sugars such as glucose affects EIIAGlc phosphorylation state, which in turn modulates the interaction of EIIAGlc with a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase (hereafter referred to as PdeS). In a Drosophila model of V. cholerae infection, sugars in the host diet regulate gut colonization in a manner dependent on the PdeS-EIIAGlc interaction. Our results shed light into the mechanisms by which some nutrients regulate biofilm formation and host colonization.
Author Correction: Impact of delivery mode-associated gut microbiota dynamics on health in the first year of life
Authors: Reyman Marta , van Houten Marlies A. , van Baarle Debbie , Bosch Astrid A. T. M. , Man Wing Ho , Chu Mei Ling J. N. , Arp Kayleigh , Watson Rebecca L. , Sanders Elisabeth A. M. , Fuentes Susana , Bogaert Debby
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Nickel-molybdenum nitride nanoplate electrocatalysts for concurrent electrolytic hydrogen and formate productions
Authors: Li Yan , Wei Xinfa , Chen Lisong , Shi Jianlin , He Mingyuan
Published: November 2019

Hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water splitting is an efficient and economical technology, however, is severely impeded by the kinetic-sluggish and low value-added anodic oxygen evolution reaction. Here we report the nickel-molybdenum-nitride nanoplates loaded on carbon fiber cloth (Ni-Mo-N/CFC), for the concurrent electrolytic productions of high-purity hydrogen at the cathode and value-added formate at the anode in low-cost alkaline glycerol solutions. Especially, when equipped with Ni-Mo-N/CFC at both anode and cathode, the established electrolyzer requires as low as 1.36 V of cell voltage to achieve 10 mA cm−2, which is 260 mV lower than that in alkaline aqueous solution. Moreover, high Faraday efficiencies of 99.7% for H2 evolution and 95.0% for formate production have been obtained. Based on the excellent electrochemical performances of Ni-Mo-N/CFC, electrolytic H2 and formate productions from the alkaline glycerol solutions are an energy-efficient and promising technology for the renewable and clean energy supply in the future.
Interference between overlapping memories is predicted by neural states during learning
Authors: Chanales Avi J. H. , Dudukovic Nicole M. , Richter Franziska R. , Kuhl Brice A.
Published: November 2019

One of the primary contributors to forgetting is interference from overlapping memories. Intuitively, this suggests—and prominent theoretical models argue—that memory interference is best avoided by encoding overlapping memories as if they were unrelated. It is therefore surprising that reactivation of older memories during new encoding has been associated with reduced memory interference. Critically, however, prior studies have not directly established why reactivation reduces interference. Here, we first developed a behavioral paradigm that isolates the negative influence that overlapping memories exert during memory retrieval. We then show that reactivating older memories during the encoding of new memories dramatically reduces this interference cost at retrieval. Finally, leveraging multiple fMRI decoding approaches, we show that spontaneous reactivation of older memories during new encoding leads to integration of overlapping memories and, critically, that integration during encoding specifically reduces interference between overlapping, and otherwise competing, memories during retrieval.
Screen Printed Passives and Interconnects on Bio-Degradable Medical Hydrocolloid Dressing for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Alsuradi Haneen , Yoo Jerald
Published: November 2019

The healthcare system is undergoing a noticeable transformation from a reactive, post-disease treatment to a preventive, predictive continuous healthcare. The key enabler for such a system is a pervasive wearable platform. Several technologies have been suggested and implemented as a wearable platform, but these technologies either lack reliability, manufacturing practicability or pervasiveness. We propose a screen-printed circuit board on bio-degradable hydrocolloid dressings, which are medically used and approved, as a platform for wearable biomedical sensors to overcome the aforementioned problems. We experimentally characterize and prepare the surface of the hydrocolloid and demonstrate high-quality screen-printed passive elements and interconnects on its surface using conductive silver paste. We also propose appropriate models of the thick-film screen-printed passives, validated through measurements and FEM simulations. We further elucidate on the usage of the hydrocolloid dressing by prototyping a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) sensor and a humidity sensor using printed spiral inductors and interdigital capacitors, respectively.
Silver-coated magnetic nanocomposites induce growth inhibition and protein changes in foodborne bacteria
Authors: Park Seong B. , White Shecoya B. , Steadman Christy S. , Pechan Tibor , Pechanova Olga , Clemente Henry J. , Thirumalai Rooban V. K. G. , Willard Scott T. , Ryan Peter L. , Feugang Jean M.
Published: November 2019

Cytotoxicity concerns of nanoparticles on animal or human bodies have led to the design of iron oxide core nanocomposites, coated with elemental silver to allow their magnetic removal from bio-mixtures. Although the antimicrobial effect of silver is well-described, the effects of nanoparticles derived from silver on microorganisms remain unfolded. Here, we characterized a customized magnetic silver nanocomposite (Ag-MNP) and evaluated its effects on bacterial growth and protein changes. The Ag-MNP displayed both longitudinal and round shapes under High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging, while the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of Ag, Fe3O4 (Magnetite) and FeO2 (Goethite). Optical density, bioluminescence imaging, and Colony Forming Unit assessments revealed that the presence of Ag-MNP induced strong dose-dependent bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. Anatum) growth inhibition. The TEM imaging showed penetration and infiltration of bacteria by Ag-MNP, leading to membrane degeneration and vacuole formation. The presence of Ag-MNP led to fifteen up-regulated and nine down-regulated proteins (P < 0.05) that are involved in cell membrane synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, interference with DNA synthesis, and energy metabolism inhibition. This study provides insights to develop alternative antimicrobials to treat foodborne pathogens with antibiotic resistance avoidance.