bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Y a-t-il un besoin des sciences sociales ?
Authors: Bourdieu Pierre
Published: September 2022

Dans cet extrait d’un cours donné au Collège de France en 1988, Pierre Bourdieu formule le programme d’une critique sociologique des sciences sociales : quelles sont les conditions sociales de possibilité des sciences sociales ? Comment ces sciences sont-elles légitimées à exister ? Les sociologues considèrent souvent qu’ils sont justifiés par une fin pure de connaissance, mais cette fin pure n’est qu’un appendice, obtenu par une sorte de détournement, d’une demande sociale qui, en particulier au niveau de l’État, est une demande de service. Après avoir écarté des interrogations traditionnelles qui lui semblent de faux débats, Pierre Bourdieu esquisse une histoire sociale de la genèse de la science sociale en Allemagne, en France, en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis et montre que le rapport entre les sciences sociales et l’État varie selon les pays et les époques, notamment en fonction de l’autonomie à l’égard des forces dominantes dont disposent le champ administratif d’une part et le champ universitaire et le système d’enseignement d’autre part, ainsi qu’en fonction de la philosophie globale de l’État et de ses missions.
Pour une pédagogie rationnelle de la construction d’objet
Authors: Pouly Marie-Pierre
Published: September 2022

Comment éviter que la construction d’objet ne reste une opération épistémologique ésotérique réservée aux seules élu·es qui parviennent à en percer le mystère ? L’analyse proposée ici entend contribuer au travail collectif de réflexivité pédagogique sur la transmission du métier de sociologue en esquissant provisoirement ce que pourrait être – étant donné ce que l’on sait des conditions sociales dans lesquelles s’opère la transmission de la sociologie – une pédagogie rationnelle de la construction d’objet. À condition d’expliciter patiemment la série des faits sociaux, y compris internes à la discipline sociologique, qui peuvent entraver cette transmission, il est possible de surmonter au moins partiellement certains des obstacles sociaux à la formation de l’esprit scientifique, en s’appuyant, pour les contrer, sur l’analyse sociologique et en explicitant les implicites des opérations sociologiques les plus mystérieuses.
« Les bonnes, ça n’existe plus ! »
Authors: Léon Aurélia
Published: September 2022

Les révélations de maltraitances et de violences dans le monde du care bouleversent les représentations de l’univers du soin à autrui. Mais qu’en est-il des violences subies par des travailleuses de la part de bénéficiaires ? Partant d’une recherche-action ayant réuni une association féministe et un service d’aide et d’accompagnement à domicile, l’article rend compte de données originales tant du point de vue de la situation d’exposition des salariées que de leurs pratiques auto-protectrices. Ce faisant, il témoigne également, dans une perspective pragmatiste, de la pertinence d’un outil d’intervention féministe, l’autodéfense féministe, pour guider le travail de connaissance et de prévention.
La surcharge vue par le neuropédiatre
Authors: Mayer Michèle
Published: September 2022

Vivre avec un handicap, pour l’enfant, ou vivre avec un enfant en situation de handicap, pour les parents, la fratrie, les grands-parents, expose paradoxalement à une surcharge permanente au quotidien, pratique et psychologique, sous toutes ses formes. Malgré la multiplication, au cours des dernières décennies, de nombreuses déclarations d’intention pour améliorer leurs conditions, il s’avère encore qu’en pratique, dans notre société, « celui qui peut le moins », doit encore la plupart du temps « faire le plus ».
La surcharge de l’enfant dans sa prise en charge en CAMSP
Authors: Gargiulo Marcela , Abraham Vanessa , Canaux Marion , Langlois Anna , Lecourtois Jennifer , Petit Didier , Renaudot Christine , Seuvre Anne , Vuillemin Françoise , Garraud Valérie
Published: September 2022

Le thème de la surcharge parentale est fréquemment questionné, en particulier quand un enfant présente une situation de handicap. Celui de la surcharge de l’enfant l’est beaucoup moins, il n’émerge parfois que lorsque l’enfant est suffisamment « armé » sur les plans langagier et psychologique pour pouvoir l’exprimer. Chez le petit, il peut être difficile d’identifier les signes de cette surcharge. Cette interview des membres d’une équipe de camsp polyvalent reprend les expériences variées des professionnels et les éléments qui doivent retenir l’attention.
La force du collectif
Authors: L’Hôte Mathilde
Published: September 2022

Drôle de Pain est une boulangerie entreprise d’insertion à Montpellier. C’est une structure dynamique et en constante évolution dont la philosophie et le fonctionnement se basent sur les trois piliers du développement durable : économique, social et environnemental. Le contexte sanitaire du Covid force la structure et les équipes à se réinventer, avec l’enjeu de rester en adéquation aux valeurs initiales. Rencontre avec Antoine Soive, fondateur et dirigeant de la structure.
IAE et développement durable : une synergie vertueuse
Authors: Winckel Martine
Published: September 2022

Cela fait plusieurs années que les siae développent des activités de « développement durable » (recyclage, ressourcerie, maraîchage biologique). Il semble qu’une nouvelle dynamique se développe au sein de certaines structures, les amenant à prendre une place d’acteur du territoire, éco-responsable et solidaire. Cela nous amène à ouvrir des perspectives pour l’ iae afin qu’elle devienne un « activateur » des pratiques de développement durable.
Document I
Authors: Van der Borght Frédéric
Published: September 2022

Dans des situations de détresse relevant de l’enfance en danger, un centre parental offre un espace pour accueillir, héberger et accompagner l’enfant avec ses deux parents dès sa vie prénatale. Ce dispositif de prévention précoce initié dès 2004 par Aire de famille permet un soutien intensif de la triade père-mère-bébé en associant un accompagnement conjoint de la conjugalité et de la parentalité. Il s’appuie sur le désir des jeunes parents d’assumer ensemble l’éducation et la protection de leur enfant en évitant de répéter les négligences, ruptures précoces et maltraitances qu’ils sont eux-mêmes subis. Un centre parental s’avère être un espace institutionnel contenant et protecteur très favorable au développement psycho-affectif et à l’équilibre de l’enfant.
Influenceur… un commerçant comme un autre
Authors: Honorat Fabien
Published: September 2022

La cour considère que l'activité de l'influenceur ne se limite pas à émettre des messages ou à commenter des images en ligne. Son activité s'intègre dans une stratégie éditoriale globale à destination d'un public ciblé ayant une communauté d'intérêts, incluant la promotion de produits ou de services. Il s'ensuit que toute action de l'influenceur, y compris la publication de messages potentiellement anodins, s'intègre dans cette activité, et est nécessairement faite à titre professionnel de sorte qu'elle revêt un caractère commercial.
Pédopsychiatre en temps de Covid, j’accuse
Authors: Deloche Sandrine
Published: September 2022

Face au mal-être croissant des plus jeunes révélé par la crise sanitaire, quelles sont les résolutions politiques prenant en compte la complexité des situations et des soins nécessaires à déployer au risque d’un abandon opéré à tous les étages ?
Interlude
Authors: Nielsen Françoise
Published: September 2022

La crise sanitaire du Covid a instauré des mesures liberticides. L’instrumentalisation politique de la science a impacté autant nos valeurs de solidarité qui devraient tisser nos liens sociaux que la construction des tout jeunes enfants en évacuant les dimensions affectives, langagières et désirantes qui sont au fondement de notre humanisation.
Les troubles du qu’on-porte-ment
Authors: Gassmann Xavier
Published: September 2022

Réduire l’enfant à un comportement est ce qui domine aujourd’hui dans la nosographie et cela revient à le priver d’une inscription dans une référence à l’Autre. Devant ce défaut dans la réception, l’enfant est toujours plus renvoyé à une déresponsabilisation de son environnement et à un autoréférencement.
Nous dépeupler, c’est non !
Authors: Monod Adèle
Published: September 2022

Le télétravail partout et pour tous s’étend jusqu’au cœur des universités. Sur ordre politique, la suprématie numérique amplifie un mal être sans précédent d’une jeunesse emmurée. Jusqu’où accepter de la savoir souffrir de se « vivre dépeuplée » ?
La petite Arapède
Authors: Irzenski Liliane
Published: September 2022

Histoire de la petite arapède qui voulait devenir bipède. Une histoire qui voudrait évoquer comment un ou une enfant, de par son immaturité de naissance est d’emblée aliéné(e) par les identifications à ceux qui pourvoient à sa survie et combien ce n’est que par l’entendement d’un tiers qui soutient son désir singulier qu’il ou qu’elle aura accès à sa division subjective, sa conflictualité intérieure pour se sortir d’une assignation à résidence en devenant autre.
L’enfant et la ville fonctionnaliste : le jeu comme espace de résistance ?
Authors: Vernant Aurélien
Published: September 2022

L’aménagement du territoire est marqué au 20e siècle par une réglementation et une standardisation croissantes de l’expérience spatiale. En évacuant la vacance et le terrain vague (royaumes privilégiés de l’enfance) de l’espace public, les plans d’aménagement fixent le jeu et l’imaginaire dans des espaces et des usages circonscrits. Après la Guerre, l’enfant devient l’emblème d’une revendication anti-fonctionnaliste de l’expérience urbaine. Partout en Europe, de jeunes architectes conçoivent des aires de jeux comme autant de terrains d’aventures, cultivant la complexité, le goût du risque et l’interaction sociale, pour y forger une autonomie. Le triomphe d’une société régentée par des impératifs économiques adossés à des principes de précaution et des normes de sécurité toujours plus drastiques a réduit au fil du temps la place de l’expérimentation tandis que s’imposait la figure d’un enfant « consommateur », plutôt que « joueur ».
Psychologie clinique : la formation universitaire
Authors: André Joanne
Published: September 2022

De ses origines jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les définitions du champ de la psychologie ont été source de débats animés et de pratiques diverses qui se sont régulièrement retrouvées en situation d’opposition. Ces désaccords peuvent-ils être considérés davantage comme la richesse d’un champ non univoque et maintenir une harmonie entre tous les protagonistes ? L’enjeu est d’importance pour ceux qui bénéficient tous du même titre de psychologue.
Groupes de psychothérapie par l’art
Authors: Francese Erica
Published: September 2022

Au sein du G.H.U. de Sainte Anne il existe une unité de psychothérapie à médiation, l’A.P.M. dépendante du C.M.P. du huitième et neuvième arrondissement. Elle jouit d’une certaine autonomie par rapport à l’institution mais elle souffre de ne pas être connue, voire reconnue. Nous explicitons le fonctionnement général et plus en particulier celui du groupe d’écriture qui est sous notre responsabilité, notamment le processus thérapeutique centré sur le médium . Il présente de nombreux atouts par rapport à une thérapie individuelle en face à face. L’actuel projet d’un centre d’art-thérapie du G.H.U. dans les locaux des « Cariatides » ouvre une note d’espoir pour plus de reconnaissance et plus d’accroissement.
À l’école du bilan
Authors: Pelletier Isabelle
Published: September 2022

L’objet de ce texte est d’interroger ce que l’approche psychanalytique de l’évaluation psychologique apporte aux cliniciens qui la pratiquent, notamment en début d’exercice. A quoi forme-t-elle, dans le sens de donner forme, d’organiser les connaissances et les pratiques ? Elle nous paraît apporter une connaissance approfondie de la psychanalyse en tant que théorie du fonctionnement psychique, normal et pathologique. Elle forme aussi au difficile exercice de traduction qu’est la restitution, travail de co-construction avec les familles d’une narration pouvant donner sens aux symptômes de l’enfant. Enfin, elle peut être une école du dialogue et de l’articulation des points de vue au sein d’une équipe pluridisciplinaire, où la psychanalyse a encore toute sa place.
La mise en danger du public et des psychologues
Authors: Raoult Patrick-Ange
Published: September 2022

La préoccupation pour la souffrance psychique, trop rapidement ramenée à la santé mentale, est devenue l’objet d’un discours politique. Loin d’apporter de réelles réponses, cela a été l’occasion de promulguer des dispositifs rationalisés, offrant un semblant de prise en charge. Ceux-ci, devant le démembrement des services publics, s’adressent aux professionnels libéraux. Les psychologues ont été mis en avant mais ils ont été confrontés non seulement à l’insuffisance du dispositif pour l’accueil du public mais aussi à la maltraitance des psychologues. Rémunérations indigentes, prescriptions médicales, indications trop limitées, nombre de séances limitées, déficit de recrutement dans les services publics sont les éléments de discussion.
Du rapport entre psychiatre et psychologue, du point de vue d’un psychiatre
Authors: Devos Antoine
Published: September 2022

Psychiatres et psychologues se côtoient en pratique et travaillent plus ou moins bien ensemble. Une question souvent posée est celle de savoir quelles sont les différences entre ces deux métiers qui partagent la même racine étymologique. Une autre est de savoir comment font ces deux métiers pour effectivement travailler ensemble. Vaste sujet pourrait on dire, et pourtant, insuffisamment pensé. Seraient-ils trop proches pour être distingués autrement qu’en étant comparés ? Comment sortir des registres clivants et des catégorisations généralistes sources de préjugés entravant les dynamiques de soins ? C’est à cet exercice que le présent article travaille afin de situer les enjeux inhérents à leurs rapports, ouvrant à d’éventuelles conflictualités fécondes.
Three-dimensional pelvis computed tomography-assisted Taylor approach for spinal anesthesia in hip arthroplasty: a retrospective study
Authors: Oh Saecheol , Park Yoojung , Kwoun Hana , Eom Eunjin , Kim Dal-ah
Published: September 2022

Background: Needle insertion for spinal anesthesia using the Taylor approach is challenging as the L5-S1 space is difficult to locate from the surface anatomy. In this study, we suggest the use of three-dimensional (3D) pelvis computed tomography (CT) to assist anesthesiologists in locating the needle insertion point. By comparing the success rate of 3D pelvis CT-assisted Taylor approach to that of other approaches in the existing literatures, we suggest this technique as an alternative method for subarachnoid block in the L5-S1 space.Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the records of hip arthroplasty using the 3D pelvis CT-assisted Taylor approach. An imaginary guidance line was created from the intersection point of the midline and intercristal line on the posterior view of the 3D pelvis CT to the ideal skin insertion point for Taylor approach. The primary outcome was the success rate. The secondary outcomes included the angle between the intercristal line and the guidance line, and the length of the guidance line and the distance between the ideal needle insertion point and the L5-S1 space.Results: We reviewed the records of the 276 patients who underwent hip arthroplasty using 3D CT-assisted Taylor approach. In this cohort, the 3D CT-assisted Taylor approach in L5-S1 subarachnoid block failed in only 25/276 patients. The success rate of 3D CT-assisted Taylor approach was 90.9%. Conclusions: A 3D pelvis CT-assisted Taylor approach of spinal anesthesia can be an alternative method for subarachnoid block in the L5-S1 space with an acceptable success rate.
Selective decrease in alpha1-antitrypsin levels in diabetic retinopathy: Could the levels of it be playing a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy?
Authors: Kunder Mamatha , Lakshmaiah V. , Kutty A.V. Moideen
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to induce inflammation and activation of neutrophils causing the release of neutrophil elastase (NE), a pro-inflammatory proteinase. The activity of NE is regulated by endogenous inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and alpha2-macroglobulin (α2-MG). Disrupted proteolytic homeostasis in T2DM patients is one of the causes for vascular complications. This study was carried out for evaluating the levels of plasma NE, α1-AT, α2-MG and NE-α1-AT complex to understand their roles in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods:

A total of 240 participants (Control, n=60; T2DM, n=60; DN, n=60; and DR, n=60) were recruited after recording history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Retinopathy was confirmed by fundoscopy and nephropathy by urinary albumin excretion and serum creatinine levels. NE was measured using STANA. α1-AT, α2-MG and NE-α1-AT complex were estimated by ELISA.

Results:

Baseline clinical and laboratory findings were confirmatory to the study groups. The mean elastase activity was higher (P<0.0005) in diabetes groups (T2DM=0.73±0.31, DN=0.87±0.35, DR=0.76±0.41) than controls (0.35±0.20). The levels of α1-AT were lower in DR (8.77±2.85) than DN (26.26±6.16) and T2DM (41.13±14.06) when juxtaposed with controls (122.95±25.71). The approximate fold decrease of α1-AT levels was 15 for DR and four for DN compared to controls. The levels of α2-MG were lowered in T2DM (167.29±30.45), DN (144.66±13.72), and DR (104.67±11.47) than controls (208.87±31.16). The NE-α1-AT complex levels were: controls (215.83±13.61), T2DM (98.85±23.85), DN (129.26±20.40) and DR (153.25±17.11).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Homeostasis of NE, α1-AT and α2-MG is disrupted in T2DM, DN and DR. Strikingly reduced levels of α1-AT observed in DR are indicative of its possible role in the pathophysiology of retinopathy and emphasizes α1-AT as a plausible therapeutic target.
Changes in olfaction & quality of life following standard medical therapy in patients with intermittent & persistent allergic rhinitis
Authors: Sara Katti Blessi , Rupa V. , Jeyaseelan L.
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease prevalent worldwide which can affect both olfaction and quality of life (QoL). The objective of the present study was to assess olfaction and QoL changes in patients with AR before and after medical therapy.

Methods:

Adult participants (>18 yr) with AR were recruited for this study. These patients prospectively underwent olfaction testing using the modified Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Centre Test and QoL assessment using Rhinoconjunctivitis QoL Questionnaire (RQLQ) before and after standard medical therapy with topical steroids and/antihistaminics.

Results:

Of the 150 patients recruited, 72 per cent had intermittent AR. The symptom of hyposmia was present in 34 patients (22.7%) and was more prevalent in patients with moderate-to-severe type of AR (P<0.001). However, olfaction testing revealed hyposmia/anosmia in 44 patients (29.3%). Mean composite olfaction scores were significantly higher in patients with mild AR compared to moderate/severe AR (P=0.026). The pre-therapy mean composite olfaction score in the 34 patients with olfaction disturbances was 3.1 standard deviation (±1.06 SD). Following therapy, the mean composite olfaction score rose to 4.3 (±1.34 SD) and this change was found to be significant (P<0.001). Mean pre-therapy RQLQ scores were 2.87 (0.06-5.33) overall. Significant improvement was also found in RQLQ scores following therapy (P<0.001). Mean RQLQ scores were significantly lower in those with moderate-to-severe AR (P<0.001) as well as those with intermittent AR (P=0.004). Nine patients had persistently high RQLQ scores after medical therapy.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Both olfaction and QoL showed significant improvement after medical therapy in Indian adults with AR. In those patients who do not improve, other causes must be sought for the persistent symptoms.
Revisiting the Chingleput BCG vaccination trial for the impact of BCG revaccination on the incidence of tuberculosis disease
Authors: Velayutham Banurekha , Thiruvengadam Kannan , Kumaran Paramasivam Paul , Watson Basilea , Rajendran Krishnan , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

Vaccines play a crucial role in the prevention of tuberculosis (TB). Revaccination with Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) for the prevention of TB is an important strategy that is currently gaining interest. The objective of this study was to reanalyze the community-based Chingleput BCG vaccination trial for protective efficacy of BCG revaccination against incident TB disease.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of the Chingleput BCG vaccination trial (conducted in 1968) data was carried out. Data on participants with evidence of prior BCG vaccination at trial intake and randomized to BCG vaccine [low dose (0.01 mg), high dose (0.1 mg)] and placebo arms were analyzed. The incidence of TB disease, which was based on sputum culture and/or chest X-ray was compared between the BCG and placebo arms over a 15 yr follow up period.

Results:

Of the 269,727 individuals randomized in the trial; 263,158 had no evidence of TB at baseline, of which 4436 (1.68%) had evidence of BCG vaccination at trial intake (2890 in the BCG vaccine and 1546 in the placebo arms, respectively). There were 77 (190 per 100,000) and 64 (296 per 100,000) incident TB cases in the BCG and placebo arm, respectively, at 15 yr post-vaccination. The incidence of TB disease was significantly lower in the BCG arm [Hazard ratio of BCG arm (95% confidence interval): 0.64 (0.46-0.89)].

Interpretation & conclusions:

Retrospective data analysis of this community-based trial revealed that BCG revaccination in a community offered modest protection against the development of TB disease at the end of 15 years which, however, requires further evaluation.
Mortality audit of COVID-19 infection among children
Authors: Sharma Raman , Agarwal Ashish , Ranjan Ankit , Jayashree Muralidharan , Kumar Praveen
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

As severe COVID-19 and mortality are not common in children, there is a scarcity of data regarding the cause of mortality in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. This study was aimed to describe the all-cause mortality and COVID-19 death (disease-specific mortality) in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a paediatric COVID facility in a tertiary care centre.

Methods:

Data with respect to clinical, epidemiological profile and causes of death in non-survivors (0-12 yr old) of SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a dedicated tertiary care COVID hospital in north India between April 2020 and June 2021 were retrieved and analyzed retrospectively.

Results:

A total of 475 SARS-CoV-2–positive children were admitted during the study period, of whom 47 died [18 neonates, 14 post-neonatal infants and 15 children (1-12 yr of age)]. The all-cause mortality and COVID-19 death (disease-specific mortality) were 9.9 per cent (47 of 475) and 1.9 per cent (9 of 475), respectively. Underlying comorbidities were present in 35 (74.5%) children, the most common being prematurity and perinatal complications (n=11, 24%) followed by congenital heart disease (n=6, 13%). The common causes of death included septic shock in 10 (21%), COVID pneumonia/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in nine (19%), neonatal illnesses in eight (17%), primary central nervous system disease in seven (15%) and congenital heart disease with complication in six (13%) children.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results showed a high prevalence of underlying comorbidities and a low COVID-19 death (disease-specific mortality). Our findings highlight that mortality due to COVID-19 can be overestimated if COVID-19 death and all-cause mortality in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are not separated. Standardized recording of cause of death in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection is important.
Genotypic characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus causing urinary tract infection in northern India
Authors: Das Ayan Kumar , Dudeja Mridu , Kohli Sunil , Ray Pratima
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococci are difficult to treat given the limited therapeutic alternatives. Different gene clusters are known to confer vancomycin resistance. vanA and vanB genes are transferable and are clinically relevant. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the vancomycin-resistant genotypes in the strains causing urinary tract infection and also to test the in vitro efficacy of linezolid and pristinamycin against the vancomycin-resistant isolates.

Methods:

Antimicrobial resistance profile of 118 enterococcal isolates was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin, teicoplanin and high-level gentamicin (HLG) was determined by micro broth dilution. The vancomycin-resistant isolates were tested against linezolid and pristinamycin by micro-broth dilution and E strip method. The presence of vancomycin-resistant genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and was sequenced and analyzed.

Results:

Most commonly isolated species were Enterococcus faecalis (76.9%) and Enterococcus faecium (16.9%). It was found that 43 per cent of the isolates were resistant to HLG and 16.9 per cent to vancomycin. Higher resistance was seen against fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, tetracycline and β-lactam drugs. However, 5.08 per cent strains were resistant to tigecycline. All vancomycin-resistant strains were sensitive to pristinamycin and one was resistant to linezolid. vanA and vanB gene were found in 15 and five isolates, respectively. The gene sequences were submitted to NCBI gene bank and accession numbers were obtained.

Interpretation &conclusions:

The present study showed prevalence of vanA and vanB genes carrying Enterococcus in a tertiary care centre in north India. The emergence of resistance against drugs such as tigecycline and linezolid is a topic of concern as it will be a therapeutic challenge for physicians.
Injecting drug use & HIV prevalence among female sex workers: Evidence from the National Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance, India
Authors: Arumugam Elangovan , Aridoss Santhakumar , David Joseph K. , Jaganathasamy Nagaraj , Balasubramanian Ganesh , Natesan Manikandan , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Padmapriya V.M. , Kumar Pradeep , Rajan Shobini , Mehendale Sanjay
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

Female sex workers (FSWs) who inject drugs (FSW-IDs) have a higher risk of HIV infection and transmission. Understanding the socio-demographic characteristics and other risk behaviours among FSW-IDs will help in strengthening targeted interventions for HIV prevention and management. In the present study, the HIV prevalence, associated socio-demographic characteristics and risk behaviours among FSWs who injected drugs (FSW-IDs) and those who did not ID (FSW-NIDs) was determined in India.

Methods:

The national cross-sectional, community-based, integrated biological and behavioural surveillance was conducted in 2014-2015 at 73 randomly selected FSW domains across 28 States and Union Territories in India. The sample size was fixed at 400 for each domain, and a probability-based sampling method was followed. The data were analyzed by logistic regression methods.

Results:

Data from 27,007 FSWs were included in the analysis, of which 802 (3%) were FSW-IDs. HIV prevalence among FSW-IDs was significantly higher than that in FSW-NIDs (4.5 vs. 1.9%). Univariate analysis showed that factors significantly associated with higher HIV prevalence among FSW-IDs were older age, sex work as the only source of income, dissolved marriage, living with a sex worker, urban locality of sex work and consumption of alcohol or oral drugs. In multivariable analysis, factors such as older age of FSW-IDs (35 yr and above), having a dissolved marriage and sex work being the only source of income were observed to be independently and significantly associated with higher HIV prevalence.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Scaling up the HIV preventive interventions for FSW-IDs, such as facilitating awareness and improved access to needle and syringe exchange programme (NSEP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST), encouraging safe sex and injecting practices, educating on the harmful effects of alcohol and drugs and providing alternative vocation options to secure their financial needs are several strategies that may reduce HIV transmission among FSWs.
Role of computed tomography angiography in the evaluation of haemoptysis in children: Decoding the abnormal vessels
Authors: Shera Tahleel Altaf , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Naranje Priyanka , Meena Pankaj , Kabra Sushil K. , Gupta Arun Kumar , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

Haemoptysis in children is potentially life-threatening. In most cases, the bleeding arises from the systemic circulation, and in 5-10 per cent of cases, it arises from the pulmonary circulation. The role of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in this setting is important. This study was undertaken (i) to study the role of single-phase split-bolus dual energy contrast-enhanced multidetector row CTA (DECTA) in the evaluation of haemoptysis in children; (ii) to analyze the patterns of abnormal vascular supply in the various aetiologies encountered.

Methods:

A retrospective study of 86 patients who underwent split bolus DECTA for the evaluation of haemoptysis was performed. Final diagnoses were categorized as normal computed tomography, active tuberculosis (TB), post-infectious sequelae, non-TB active infection, cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, congenital heart disease (CHD), interstitial lung disease, vasculitis, pulmonary thromboembolism and idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. Abnormal bronchial arteries (BAs) and non-bronchial systemic collateral arteries (NBSCs) were assessed for number and site and their correlation with underlying aetiologies.

Results:

A total of 86 patients (45 males, age from 0.3 to 18 yr, mean 13.88 yr) were included in the study; among these only two patients were less than five years of age. The most common cause of haemoptysis was active infection (n=30), followed by bronchiectasis (n=18), post-infectious sequelae (n=17) and CHD (n=7). One hundred and sixty five abnormal arteries were identified (108 BA and 57 NBSC), and were more marked in bronchiectasis group.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Active infections and bronchiectasis are the most common causes of haemoptysis in children. While post-infectious sequelae are less common, in patients with haemoptysis, the presence of any abnormal arteries correlates with a more frequent diagnosis of bronchiectasis. NBSCs are more common in post-infectious sequelae and CHD.
Understanding the dynamics of IgM & IgG antibodies in COVID-19-positive patients
Authors: Kaduskar Ojas , Gurav Yogesh K. , Deshpande Ketki , Desphande Gururaj Rao , Yadav Pragya , Rakhe Aparana , Tilekar Bipin N. , Gomade Prasad , Salunke Asha , Patil Chetan , Dange Varsha , Salve Pavan , Patsute Sudhir , Abraham Priya , Sapkal Gajanan N.
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has been a threat to humankind due to the rapid spread of infection and appearance of multiple new variants. In the present study, we report the dynamics and persistence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients by chemiluminescent assay.

Methods:

A total of 463 serum samples from 218 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients were collected over a period of 124 days post-onset of disease (POD). Antibody levels were measured by chemiluminescence bioanalyzer. Neutralizing antibody titres were assessed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for SARS-CoV-2.

Results:

Both IgM and IgG started appearing from day five post-infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. IgM antibody response peaked around day 35 POD and rapidly diminished thereafter, with the last IgM-positive sample observed at 90 days POD. IgG antibody response peaked around 45 days POD and persisted till 124 days. The chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) results showed a moderate correlation (R=0.5846, P<0.001) compared with PRNT. Additional analysis indicated a neutralizing titre of 250 corresponded to 12.948 AU/ml of YHLO iFlash SARS-CoV-2 IgG units.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients seem to initiate production of antibody responses from day five of onset of disease. Although the CLIA gives high sensitivity and specificity and also its binding IgG antibody titres may correlate moderately with protective immunity, our results indicate that the values of binding antibody alone may not be a perfect guide to represent virus neutralization titre during donor selection for plasma therapy. However, IgM and IgG antibody detection may help in monitoring the status of disease progression and burden in the community.
Detection of ocular hypertelorism among Indian children
Authors: Bhalla Anil Kumar , Kaur Harvinder , Kaur Rupinder
Published: September 2022

Background & objectives:

Ocular hypertelorism constitutes an important component of many clinical syndromes. It is typically recommended to use inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for objective evaluation of ocular hypo/hypertelorism. Barring infancy, there is a scarcity of data on this anthropometric parameter relating to the ocular apparatus. This study aims to study auxological dynamics of IPD in children of Indian origin.

Methods:

A total of 3622 ( 2239 males and, 1383 females) normal, healthy Indian children of North-western origin, aged one month to 14 yr comprised the sample for this study. Inner and outer-canthal distance were measured using standardized anthropometric techniques. None of the children who participated in this study had craniofacial dysmorphism or any body deformity. Mean (standard deviation SD) and percentiles were calculated for IPD in male and female subjects at different age levels.

Results:

IPD increased from 4.68±0.21 to 6.19±0.36 cm in males and from 4.59±0.26 to 6.08±0.25 cm in females between one month and 14 yr of age. Boys in general, possessed larger IPD than girls, however, the gender differences became significant (P≤0.05) at 10, 11, 16-18 and 22-24 months, respectively, and five and 10 yr of age, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that the patients having IPD less than the 3rd percentile should be treated as cases of hypotelorism while, those exceeding 97th percentile as cases of hypertelorism. The use of percentile grids presented for IPD may be used to detect ocular hypotelorism and hypertelorism in male and female children to corroborate diagnosis of different syndromes.
Prevalence of ABO Blood Group System in Southern Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Ayit Aalae Salman , Obayes AL Khikani Falah Hasan , Abadi Raheem Malallah
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

ABO blood grouping is now regarded as one of the most important immunological tests to do before numerous treatments, including clinical blood transfusion operations. The purpose of this study was to record the different blood types among the people of southern Babylon, Iraq, and compare the findings for males and females.

METHODS:

A total of 10,570 subjects, of which 6643 were females, and 3927 were males, were involved in this study from February 2, 2022, to June 1, 2022. The antigen-antibody agglutination test was used to determine blood type and Rh factor. For both males and females, the frequency of each kind was determined.

RESULTS:

The blood group O was the most common among the investigated population in all areas and among both sexes, followed by blood groups B and A, with the B group somewhat higher among females and the A slightly higher among men. The AB blood group was the least common of the four. Blood type B was prevalent in females (26.97%) compared to males (24.41%). Whereas blood type A was more prevalent in males (24.59%) compared to females (24.12%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Positive Rh+ (antigen D) was observed in 9492 (89.8%) of all participants, whereas Rh negative in 1078 (10.2%). Prevalence of blood O positive was more predominant in females than in males (40.77% and 28.69%, respectively). Group AB positive was more predominant in males than in females (14.8% and 7.48%, respectively).
Biomedical Activities of Florasol
Authors: Selvakumar Paramasivam
Published: September 2022

Florasol is an acyclic alcohol of diterpene regularly available in certain aromatic plants' essential oils, such as Lantana radula and Cleome serrata. Florasol is a plant phytochemical phytoconstituent which is extensively spread in nature. Florasol is a branched-chain unsaturated alcohol which is present day in all plants in the form of chlorophyll. Cytotoxic, antibiotic chemotherapy, antidiabetic, anti-hyperalgesic, antimutagenic, anti-teratogenic, anticonvulsant, anti-schistosomal, lipid restriction, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-scratching behavioral effects, antifungal, anti-inflammatory antispasmodic, anxiolytic, hair growth facilitator, antidepressant, and immune adjuvant have been shown evidence to have florasol as well as its derivatives. Recent investigations with florasol (PYT) demonstrated anxiolytic, metabolism-modulating, cytotoxic, antioxidant, autophagy- and apoptosis-inducing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and antimicrobial effects. The benefit of florasol in the human body is necessary. In reference to technological bases, patent present a wide range of pharmacological and commercial applications such as cosmetics, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant. Therefore, it is necessary to explore florasol molecules, which present high pharmacological potential from scientific and technological points of view, in search of transference of technologies to generate economical and industrial growth.
Factor Associated with Treatment Noncompletion during Implementation of Isoniazid-Preventive Therapy in Ten Pilot Sites of Lome, Togo
Authors: Biaou Doevi Mawuena , Stephane Adambounou Tete Amento , Ogounde Nadjide Alade , Tchedeke Efio Marius Mariano , Adjoh Komi Seraphin
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Tuberculosis (TB) represents the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Several studies have proven the effectiveness of isoniazid-preventive treatment (IPT) in reducing the incidence and mortality of TB. The study aims to identify the factors associated with noncompletion of the treatment during the pilot phase of IPT implementation.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study using data routinely collected in ten PLHIV care centers in Lomé, Togo, conducted between June 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. All confirmed PLHIV newly enrolled in care who gave consent were included. IPT tolerance and signs of TB were checked at each appointment. To identify the factors associated with noncompletion of treatment, a logistic regression model was developed.

RESULTS:

Sixty-five percent of the 301 patients were female. The mean age was 39.8 ± 13.2 years. Respectively, 43.8% and 41.9% of the patients were at clinical stages 1 and 2. The mean completion rate was 42.9% with extremes depending on the center ranging from 9.5% to 90.0%. The main causes of noncompletion were isoniazid stockouts (45.9%), lost to follow-up (37.8%), and noncompliance (12.8%). Multivariate analysis identified stockouts, public type of center, and poor general condition at the inclusion as risk factors for noncompletion.

CONCLUSIONS:

Good results obtained by some centers prove that the implementation of the intervention is indeed possible, as long as good management of drug stocks and better follow-up of patients are ensured.
ALTIGEN BİRİM HÜCRELİ STENT TASARIMININ PERFORMANS ANALİZLERİ VE FDM İLE TEK KATMANLI ÜRETİLEBİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ERDOĞUŞ Hakan Burçin
Published: September 2022

İlaç salınımlı stentlerden sonra geliştirilen biyobozunur polimer esaslı stentler için yapılan ön klinik çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlara göre polimer stentlerin kullanılabilirliği sorgulanmaktadır. Polimer stentlerde strat kalınlığının yüksek olması ve mekanik özelliklerin zayıflığı nedeniyle tasarım ve malzeme iyileştirmesine gidilerek yeni modellerin ortaya çıkarılması üzerine araştırmalara devam edilmektedir. Balonla genişleyen stentlerde oluşan uç açılması arter içerisinde intimal ve medial katmanlara zarar vermektedir. Bu zarar, erken dönemde neointimal hiperplazi ve restenoza sebep olmaktadır. Metalik stent geometrilerinden biri olan Palmaz-Schatz birim hücre modelinde balonla genişleme esnasında uç açılması ve kısalma oranı meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Palmaz-Schatz stent geometrisinin genişlemesiyle oluşturduğu geometri dikkate alınarak PLLA malzemeden altıgen birim stent geometrisinde yeni tasarım gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonlu elemanlar simülasyonuyla, ince strat kalınlığında tasarlanan altıgen stendin genişlemesinde oluşan uç açılması ve kısalma oranı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, stent genişlemesinde üç katmanlı arter ve kalsifik plak yapısında meydana gelen doku hasarı ölçülmüştür. Altıgen geometrideki stentte oluşan uç açılması ve kısalma oranı Palmaz-Schatz modeline göre azaltılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, PLA/PHA karışımı malzemeden eriyik yığma modelleme ile altıgen stent geometrisinin 3B plaka baskısı tek katmanlı olarak üretilmesi sonrası ısıtıcı bir tubular tabla üzerinde sarılarak stent formuna getirilmiştir
Design and Fabrication of Multi-Disc Oil Skimmer
Authors: M. Maruthirao  , V. Pavan Kumar  , N.V. Surya narayana
Published: September 2022

During the past 40 years, there have been numerous major accidents of oil spill in various countries, mostly as results of ship collisions. There are several methods in handling oil spill accident, in which the most effective methods are using mechanical oil skimmer with disc plate. This will reduce water pollution and saves the aquatic life. Disc type oil skimmer is used to remove the floating oil from liquid medium. The oil is removed from the metal disc and belt through wiping blades. Here we use the skimming medium as Metal disc. The skimming medium runs over the surface of water in which oil
brought out with little amount of water. The main purpose of this fabricated skimmer is to purify the water from various dirt oils. The effectiveness of the oil skimmer on handling oil spills is influenced by various factors, such as the depth of the disc submerged or the disc surface area dipped into the oil spill, the area of the wiper sweep, the thickness of the oil on the disk surface, and the rotation speed of
the disc. The present study is concerned to estimate the Oil Recovery Rate (ORR) and Oil Recovery Efficiency (ORE). The disc speed, depth of immersion and film thickness are the operating parameters. Speed of the disc can be varied by providing multispeed arrangement. The skimmer is more cost efficient and simple in design in comparing to costly treatments like membrane filters and chemical treatments.
APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, EBAZIR MUSTAFA
Published: September 2022

The article discusses some good innovative practices in teaching mathematics in high school. Presented for the results of a survey on the motivation of students in mathematics. Some of the main difficulties that students experience in math classes are outlined and guidelines are outlined to increase students' motivation.
ON THE CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR THE STRONG DISPERSIVE NONLINEARWAVE EQUATION
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, KODZHA MEHMED
Published: September 2022

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the strong dispersive nonlinear wave equation. We proof that the operator of the linearization arround the self-similar solutions generate C0-semigroup in Sobolev space Hs. Global existence is obtained via Banach fixed point theorem.
REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND NOISE POLLUTION BY SHARED TRAVEL
Authors: ZURNADZHIEV SVETOZAR , SARMOV DELYAN ,   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and noise pollution. Existing solutions for their reduction using shared travel applications are presented. Their capabilities and functionality. The requirements for a software product are determined in accordance with the conditions in the country and the gaps in the existing solutions.
MOTIVATION BY PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, ENVER SEVDA
Published: September 2022

This article presents the extremely important role of project-based learning on student motivation. The results of a survey on student motivation are presented. The influence of project training is emphasized, as a method that supports the motivation of personal career growth and stimulates their entrepreneurial initiative.
STEGANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM WITH A GRAPHICAL INTERFACE FOR DATA PROTECTION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, PARASKEVOV HRISTO , MEHMEDOV EKREM ,   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen
Published: September 2022

The article offers different combinations of cryptographic and steganographic algorithms. The cryptographic algorithms of Caesar, Fernet and RSA are considered and programmatically implemented. The LSB method was used as a basis for the steganographic algorithms, as it was used in various modifications in order to increase the invisibility and detectability of the hidden message. Experimental results show that the use of a combination of cryptographic and steganographic algorithms on social networks increases the security and undetectability of secret messages.
DISCLOSURE OF THE RISKS TAKEN BY THE BANKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMMERCIAL BANK D AD
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, DIMITROVA-DOBREVA DESISLAVA , STOYANOVA SLAVENA ,   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen
Published: September 2022

The nature of banking involves managing multiple risks. The overall framework of the bank's methods, organizational structure and processes is defined in the risk and risk management policy strategy, developed in accordance with local regulatory requirements, the BNB's risk management guidelines and the European Banking Authority. The pandemic and high levels of uncertainty over the macroeconomic outlook are the dominant forces that have identified risks to supervised institutions over the past two years. Disclosure of risks taken by banks aims to raise awareness of customers, counterparties and investors about the risks taken, as well as to present methods for their assessment and management.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS WITH COMMUTING STANILOV CURVATURE OPERATOR WITH RESPECT TO ORTHOGONAL PLANE
Authors:   Trakia University Stara Zagora, VIDEV VESELIN , VANOVA MARIA
Published: September 2022

In the present paper using commuting conditions of the skew-symmetric Stanilov curvature operator and the generalized Jacobi operator of order 2 defined with respect to orthogonal plane we characterize a four-dimensional Riemannian manifold of constant sectional curvature
A NEW ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMIC MODE DECOMPOSITION
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, NEDZHIBOV GYURHAN
Published: September 2022

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven mathematical technique to extract spectral information from complex data coming from numerical or experimental studies of various systems. It is an equation-free method in the sense that it does not require knowledge of the underlying governing equations. In this article we explore and demonstrate a new algorithm for calculating the DMD decomposition.
SOME POSSIBILITIES FOR USING SCRIPT TEXT LANGUAGE IN COMPUTER MODELING TRAINING
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, HARIZANOV KRASIMIR
Published: September 2022

This article discusses some guidelines related to the transition from block programming language to script text language, the main competence related to the teaching of Computer Modelling in 6th grade. Here are some sample tasks that may be useful in learning the Python scripting language.