bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a Diverse Entrepreneurial Leadership Team
Authors: Thakur Kiran , Chand Badr-un-nisa , Siyal Saeed
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneur leaders are visionaries who can transform the organization with their open mindset, flexible approach and learning attitude. Leaders are responsible for identifying the right talent, communicating the vision, empowering the teams, and embracing diversity to outshine. Entrepreneurial teams can significantly impact the organization's performance by bringing collective knowledge together to innovate sophisticated solutions and reduce the risk of uncertainties. This chapter encompasses the concept of diverse entrepreneurial teams, entrepreneurial leadership and its evolution, driving forces responsible for transitioning from traditional to entrepreneurial leadership, tips for building high-performance entrepreneurial teams, entrepreneurial leadership and implications for contemporary organizations.
Embracing Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Dhand Shivani , Thakur Kiran , Chhibber Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Effective leadership in fast-changing environment necessitates a wide range of skills and competencies. The theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) challenges the traditional conception of intelligence as a single, fixed characteristic. People have distinct forms of intelligence that may be nourished and developed through time. MI can assist leaders in adapting to change, building diverse and inclusive teams, and driving innovation. The leadership of the twentieth century witnessed a shift from one type of intelligence to another due to changing societal needs. Much previous research has attempted to draw out the relationship between MI and leadership performance. This chapter reviews the definitions and models in the field of MI and the connection between MI and leadership. The chapter highlights the leadership shift over time and examples of successful MNCs and SMEs resulting from entrepreneurial leadership in the context of multiple intelligence.
Institutional Environment and Sustainability in Entrepreneurship Ecosystems
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Gonzàlez-Àvila Francisco J. , Vargas-González Omar C. , Cstañeda-Burciaga Selene , Guirette-Barbosa Omar A.
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the implications of institutional environment and sustainability on entrepreneurship ecosystems. It is assumed in a complex, uncertain and turbulent institutional environmental sustainability affects the development of national, regional, and local entrepreneurship ecosystems. The method employed is the meta-analysis and reflective based on the theoretical, conceptual, and empirical review of the literature. It is concluded that the institutional environmental sustainability influences the national, regional, and local entrepreneurship ecosystems.
Prospects of Green Entrepreneurship Development
Authors: Mishra Manoj Kumar , Upadhyaya Akanksha
Published: December 2024

The development of business products and practices that have the potential to generate profits while also improving the environment is an urgent task that must be completed as soon as possible. The objective of the study is to investigate the possibilities for the continued growth of environmentally responsible business ventures. The word cloud method was utilized in the current study to analyze the keywords from the earlier studies. In addition, a tree map, a word count table, and a correlation between entrepreneurship and other variables could be observed. This conceptual research paper makes use of various secondary sources of published literature. This study highlighted a number of different facets that had been investigated in earlier studies. It has been discovered that the word “entrepreneurship” is now frequently used in conjunction with “green” and “sustainability.” It will be useful for future investigations because it is possible to understand previously observed trends in greater detail.
The Dragon's Approach
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines entrepreneurial leadership in the context of China's distinct sociocultural environment, taking into account the country's rapid economic development and robust entrepreneurial spirit. At first, it provides an overview of China's history, government, and economy. Then, it delves into how “guanxi” and “mianzi”—two concepts central to Chinese culture—influence the way business leaders in China operate. Key aspects of Chinese entrepreneurial leadership are presented, and the chapter discusses how these elements match up with or differ from globalized notions. As an added bonus, it provides techniques of measuring these factors in a Chinese setting. Insights from Chinese business success stories are provided as the chapter finishes. Leaders in today's increasingly globalized world can benefit from gaining a deeper appreciation for the cultural nuances of China's entrepreneurial leadership setting.
Achieving Sustainability With AI Technologies
Authors: Leong Adeline Suk Yee , Ng Jing Hang , Chew Peter Ee Teik , Razak Nurul Nadiah Abd , Ng Khar Thoe , Wang Zexin
Published: December 2024

Enhancing positive attitudes towards sustainable living with eradication environmental pollution are top priorities to achieve sustainability in IR era. This Chapter elaborates on use of emerging technologies to enhance attitudes towards sustainable living. Mixed-method research framework was implemented. ‘Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling' (PLS-SEM) is the quantitative method to validate monitoring/evaluation tools to enhance attitudes towards sustainable living. Qualitative approaches eg literature research and Exemplary-Case Analysis (ECA) illustrating AI applications to monitor/evaluate participation of programmes to enhance positive attitudes through two case studies. The first case is STEM related study illustrating use of AI tool to monitor participation and PLS-SEM to construct a model to validate survey entitled ‘Attitudes towards Conservation of Energy and other Resources' (AToCONEoR). Another case integrated STEM with ‘Arts-language-culture and Reading' via ‘Minecraft Education Edition' (MEE) learning output.
AI-Powered Sustainability
Authors: Bansal Neha , Taneja Sanjay , Özen Ercan
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable growth in the financial sector. This chapter examines several uses of AI, such as risk assessment, portfolio optimisation, and climate risk analysis. It highlights the transformative role of AI in fostering a future where economic prosperity harmonises with environmental sustainability and societal growth. The utilisation of AI is driving the financial sector towards a future characterised by responsibility and sustainability, as seen by the implementation of personalised, sustainable investment portfolios and the establishment of transparent supply chains. The chapter highlights the significant revolutionary capabilities of AI, emphasising the importance for stakeholders to adopt this paradigm shift and actively contribute to a global landscape where financial prosperity fosters overall societal welfare.
Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Dewangan Kranti Kumar , Sahu Satya Prakash , Janghel Rekh Ram
Published: December 2024

Among the various types of cancer diseases, breast cancer is considered as a common and major complex disease among elderly women over the age of 50. It also affects men but in very rare scenario. The cancer cells namely malignant cells are formed in the breast tissues and spreads abnormally to form a tumour or lump. There are many types of breast cancer diseases, invasive and non-invasive are the common type of breast cancer. In breast cancer, the non-invasive disease is the earlier stage, which has spread within the boundaries of ducts or lobules of the breast. On the other hand, the invasive breast cancer has spread into the healthy tissues of breast, which is beyond the ducts or lobules. The most common risk factors of breast cancer are genetic predisposition, exposure to oestrogens, alcohol consumption, the history of atypical hyperplasia, female gender and increasing age. This chapter will clearly reveals about the breast cancer, and its causes, different ways of diagnosing the breast cancer and the image mortality techniques to prevent the disease as early as possible.
Development of Framework to Promote Sustainable Living Through Resource Conservation
Authors: Ng Khar Thoe , Nomura Tairo , Fukui Masanori , Chew Cheng Meng , Intaratat Kamolrat , Tan Saw Fen , Chow Thomas Voon Foo
Published: December 2024

The advent of digital transformation has shaped global landscape with an increased consumption of resources eg energy & water. Environmental scientists are concerned of urgent needs to explore innovative ways to conserve or mass produce resources with interconnected network to facilitate communication globally. This Chapter elaborates on research framework with summary to leverage on emerging technologies to investigate how IoT enable a computational analysis to envisage a system that works on positive and sustainable consumption of energy and other resources. Mixed-research method is implemented with qualitative approaches including literature research on emerging technologies sustainable cloud computing technique for IoT. Within/exemplary-case analysis made to illustrate a methodological framework on IoT application in solving contextual problems via energy-efficient sensors in building sustainable cities in line with SDGs. Quantitative analysis include data analysis using e-tools.
Impact of Smart Wearables on the Behavior and Attitude Among Students of Engineering and Arts Faculty
Authors: Bharti Jaya , Singh Megha , Singh Hitaishi
Published: December 2024

Today, smart wearable's are one of the vastest revolutions in individuals' life spans. They give mobility and excitement to its users that these modern technological devices become the most significant part of students lives as well as many people's lives. Smart wearable's not only effect the behavior, attitude and thought process of the individuals but it also changes the personality, mood and first impressions of the person. It will help them in forming a work life balance. These devices can be integrated into clothing, recognizable personal accessories (glasses, contact lenses, and watches), or additional devices (fitness device to count steps) Most college students have a Smartphone, tablet, smart watch, smart clothes, glasses etc. which help in connecting with the world easily and effectively. It also helps in building the social status of the individuals and the various social sites help them in accessing the new trend easily. It seems to be the need of the hour for these young adults. The present research tries to explore about the usage of smart wearable's and the brand name, which are popular among young adults. The secondary purpose of the research is to differentiate between the various smart wearable's used by Arts Students (50) and Engineering Students(50) (females). Their age range varies from 20 to 24 years. An interview schedule is being used to assess their concept and usage of smart wearable's. What type of wearable's are preferred in the various mood states of the (females)? How does the smart wearable's affect the mental and physical health of the (females)? Does it have any effect on the daily work and home life of these (females)? Content analysis was done for presenting the results. The results emphasized that smart wearable's effect the mental health of the individual in a positive manner. Lots of students at college have smart phones as smart wearable's and are using its facilities like taking pictures, recording videos, and using social media. Besides, it also provided a platform to deliver good services at workplace.
Transient Thermal Analysis of FSW Tool With Different Material by Using Computational Testing Method
Authors: Shrivastava Ashish Kumar , Gedam Rajneesh Kumar , Mohan Ravindra , Billore Manish , Yadav Ashish , Choubey Abhishek , Khambra Geetanjli , Kumar Ajay , Raghubanshi Ashutosh Singh
Published: December 2024

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a prevalent solid-state joining method. This procedure entails a revolving instrument that comprises a cylindrical pin and a shoulder. The pin infiltrates the material to produce frictional heat, while the shoulder ensures stability and exerts pressure throughout the welding procedure. For more resilient materials, the creation of economical, lasting equipment that can generate robust welds is crucial for the economic feasibility of FSW. The selection of tool material and its design profoundly influence tool efficacy, weld quality, and total expenditure. In this context, structural steel has exhibited superior thermal properties, with the maximum heat flux measured at 81.26 W/mm2. This signifies the material's efficacy in conducting heat to the welding plates, attaining the requisite temperature for a successful welding operation. Titanium tools exhibit a heat flux of 31.87 W/mm2.
Optimization of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Kundara Rahul , Baghel Sarita
Published: December 2024

In this work author studied the different methylammonium (MA) tri-iodide-based PSCs using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). The PSCs are formed with the best combination of their electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite absorber layer (PAL) and hole transport layer (HTL). We have analyzed lead (Pb)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with different HTL of thickness (<400 nm) with the aim to achieve the optimum device performance. The CH3NH3PbI3 PSCs with various HTLs such as Cu2O, Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT: PSS and CuSCN have been simulated and they initially achieved PCE of 29.84%, 29.11%, 29.29% and 28.36% respectively. The prime focus is to enrich the functioning of CH3NH3PbI3-based PSC by optimizing the values of various parameters such as thickness of PAL, operating temperature and defect density (Nt) which influences the performance of the device using Taguchi method. The photovoltaic parameters show that the solar devices are stable at 310 K and achieved maximum PCE of 32.90% at 1014 cm-3 with 500 nm thickness of PAL.
Computational Insights Into Municipal Solid Waste Pyrolysis in Bhopal, India
Authors: Saxena Nishant Vibhav , Pradhan Sharad Kumar , Rajput R. S.
Published: December 2024

Rapid urbanization, exemplified by Bhopal City in Madhya Pradesh, India, poses significant challenges in municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. Pyrolysis, a thermal decomposition process, offers potential for transforming MSW into biochar, syngas, and bio-oil while mitigating environmental impacts. This review provides an overview of computational studies on MSW pyrolysis in Bhopal City, highlighting recent advances, limitations, and future research directions. The review begins by highlighting the strain on conventional waste disposal systems in Bhopal City due to escalating waste generation. It emphasizes the essential role of computational modeling in optimizing pyrolysis processes. Key aspects of MSW pyrolysis, including reactor design, reaction kinetics, and feedstock composition, are explored. Computational studies improve our understanding of waste behavior during pyrolysis, enabling process optimization for resource recovery and reduced environmental impact.This review paper provides a concise summary of computational research on MSW pyrolysis in Bhopal, India.
Durability of Manufactured Sand (m-Sand) Concrete
Authors: Beniwal Ankit Singh , Mathur Nirbhay , Meena Ram Vilas
Published: December 2024

Concrete is a homogenous mixture that comprises of binder material like cement, filler material like coarse and fine aggregate and water for preparation of gel like paste to bind the ingredients. Due to growing environmental concerns, the mining of river sand is discouraged lately and is replaced by quarry dust or stone dust or manufactured sand (M-sand). Further the use of pozzolanic material such as fly ash and pond ash is also widely being accepted with the use of Portland Pozzolanic Cement (PPC). Change in behavior is obvious in concrete made by PPC and manufactured sand (m-sand). This research reviews the available literature on effects of concrete's durability due to this replacement. Researchers around the world have come up with a possible solution of mixing steel fibers with concrete to cover durability aspect. This review attempts to identify the potential of m-sand in PPC based concrete to alter the durability and further the significance of steel fibers use to alter behavior of concrete in order to minimizing the undesirable effects of this combination.
Experimental Investigations on Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of TIO2/Water Nanofluids in a Flat Tube
Authors: Sihag Anish , Arora Neeti , Gupta Munish , Katyal Puneet
Published: December 2024

The investigation aims to experimentally determine the thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of TiO2 and water nanofluids flowing across a flat tube while characterizing the TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus, the paper contributes by experimentally assessing TiO2/water nanofluids in a flat tube, potentially offering improved heat transfer efficiency and insights into nanoparticle characterization, benefiting engineering and sustainability. The characterization of nanoparticles is performed using FESEM, XRD, and FT-IR. The experiment was conducted under a constant heat flux in a laminar regime. The nanofluid exhibited a maximum increase of 14.39% in heat transfer coefficient (HTC), while the highest pressure drop occurred at a 0.04% concentration by weight and a flow rate of 0.5 liters per minute (lpm) when compared to the base fluid. However, at lower concentrations, there was only a minor increase in HTC. It was noted that the pressure drop is directly proportional to the nanoparticle concentration.
The False Sense of Achievement
Authors: Kostanek Edyta , Li Fujia
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the impact of Generative AI tools on higher education (HE). The authors explore how these tools, while enhancing learning experiences, pose significant challenges to academic integrity and higher education by fostering a false sense of achievement among students. The chapter delves into the complexities of using generative AI in academic settings, highlighting the ease with which students can produce passable assignments with minimal effort, thus bypassing critical thinking and deep engagement with the subject matter. It critically analyzes the inadequacy of traditional assessment methods in distinguishing genuine student work from AI-generated content. The authors discuss the implications of this reliance on AI tools for the development of essential cognitive skills and the authenticity of academic qualifications. Furthermore, the chapter proposes assessment strategies and policy recommendations to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AI in HE.
AI-adaptive Chinese Language Learning Environment and Assessments in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Siu-Lun
Published: December 2024

This chapter sets out to discuss the development of AI-adaptive Chinese language learning environments and assessments, as well as innovations and future directions in Chinese language learning and assessments in the AI era in Hong Kong by critically analyzing the views on the use of generative artificial intelligence in Chinese language education and investigating the different views of the stakeholders in Chinese education expressed in Hong Kong newspapers. A corpus containing Hong Kong Chinese-language newspaper articles discussing the AI-adaptive learning environment in Chinese education and assessments in Hong Kong has been constructed and analyzed. The research questions are set as follows: (i) to investigate the extent to which the Hong Kong press expressed views about the AI-adaptive learning environment in Chinese education in Hong Kong; and (ii) to analyze the development of AI-adaptive assessments. This study will shed some light on the discussions of using generative artificial intelligence in Chinese language assessment in the Hong Kong educational context.
No Soy Un Impostor
Authors: Pulliam Nicole , Bethea Lori Nixon
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents a comprehensive counter-narrative to the deficit-based narrative on impostor syndrome among Hispanic students. Using an intersectional framework, it addresses existing literature that primarily frames impostor syndrome as an individual issue rather than acknowledging it as a symptom of broader systemic inequities, with the primary purpose of informing K-16 educators, counselors, administrators, and other stakeholders of the urgent need to rethink their approaches to supporting this student population (Clance & Imes, 1978; Crenshaw, 1989). The overall goal of this chapter is to educate K-16 practitioners on ways to best support Hispanic students by addressing the systemic factors contributing to feelings associated with the impostor syndrome.
Supporting Those That Support Students
Authors: Pino Mia
Published: December 2024

Student affairs practitioners are an essential part of a campus community, responsible for the implementation of campus programs and services that help students throughout college and prepare them for future careers. Practitioners at Hispanic Serving Institutions have the opportunity and responsibility to uplift Latine students specifically by assessing programs and services through the lens of Latine experiences. Institutions must prioritize attracting, developing, and retaining practitioners that are demographically representative of the student population. Student affairs practitioners' roles can be difficult and demanding; they are the most likely group to resign due to burnout and lack of belonging in their workplace. Universities must care for the practitioners that support students holistically and work to instill a sense of belonging, the strongest indicator of retention for employees and students. Utilizing comprehensive community mentorship models will aid employees in beginning the lifelong journey of building their community of mentors and sense of belonging on campus.
Wearables and AI-Smart Technologies
Authors: Ratnakaram Satya Pavan Kumar , Manikeswari Devi , Shaikh Zakir Hossen , Mahapatra Durga Madhab , Mohanty Bhabani Shankar , Soni Anand
Published: December 2024

The field of education has been no exception to the influence of the ever-evolving advancements brought by technology. The implications of smart technology and its inherent tools bestow several benefits and challenges for educational institutions, educators and students alike. This chapter is an attempt to delve deeper into the specific benefits and challenges of integrating wearable technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the teaching-learning process while also offering a snapshot of the concurrent use of both in an educational setting. Substantial research in the field stands evidence of the individual and combined use of wearable technology and AI in education to offer opportunities for improved student engagement, personalized feedback for students and collaborative learning while simultaneously presenting valid discussion points on the potential pitfalls such as data privacy issues, affordances and training needs of educators. Some recommendations on overcoming such challenges have been made and include the active role of educational institutions, educators and learners.
The Role of Wearable Devices on Students
Authors: Sanku Satyanarayana
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This chapter of the book explains the significant role of existing wearable devices on students. Students are basically classified based on what they are placed into such as academics, sports, or challenged. Then under academics, based upon their age and class in which they are studying as per the World Health Organization Standards. And later the sensors which are used for measuring various health like EEG, EEG, Heart rate, etc and psycho -physiological parameters such as stress, Sleeplessness, autism etc are investigated. The wearable devices made by biosensors are attached to the students at different places on the body based on what parameters that are interested to be measured. Theses parameters are used for monitoring student's activities by using recent developed software algorithms including machine learning and Artificial Intelligent algorithms. Some case studies are also presented.
Beyond the Classroom
Authors: Bhargava Abhishek , Rehman Shafiq Ul
Published: December 2024

Academic circles have grown to embrace wearable technology since everyone wears something on their body and their use in teaching-learning context has benefits and limitations. Thus, these devices can facilitate teaching and learning experiences still, they add new risks to cybersecurity. Hence, this chapter presents a detailed cybersecurity framework that can be adopted for education institutions with an integration of wearable technology. Potential concerns are considered, threats are contained, and meaningful instructions for learners and teachers are given to reduce threats and ensure that learning takes place in a safe environment. The chapter delves into the unique characteristics and vulnerabilities of wearable devices, analyzes existing cybersecurity frameworks, and presents a comprehensive framework with key components: Wearable Device Security Assessment, Data Privacy and Protection, Cyberspace Security Awareness and Education as well as Management of Security Incidents and Breaches.
A Low-Fidelity Finite Element Model of Tire-Terrain Interaction for Autonomous Off-Road Vehicles
Authors: Shahzamanian Sichani Mohammad Mehdi
Published: December 2024

Tire mobility with low compaction for off-road tires is considered necessary. In this regard, it is imperative to investigate the tire/ground interaction and finite element method has the capability to perform the fundamental analyses and simulations to present the results accordingly. A two-dimensional (2D) low-fidelity model pertaining to an off-road tire for a relatively light autonomous vehicle rolling on ground with consideration of different values of slipping percentages was simulated using a finite element (FE) software ABAQUS. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to understand the essential effects on the tire/ground interaction specifically, the vertical stress distribution in the ground right beneath the tire after travelling a specific amount of time. The effect of several parameters including the autonomous vehicle weight, friction coefficient between the tire and the ground, Young’s modulus of tire as well as various types of ground such as natural soil, sand and soft soil (clay) were scrutinized and are discussed in detail. Keywords: Tire/ground interaction; Tire slipping; Soil compaction; Vertical stress distribution; Finite element method (FEM).
Theoretical Study of the Stability of CdSn Liquid Alloy at Different Temperatures
Authors: Singh Anadi Prasad , Chaudhary Rajendra Prasad , Hussain Md. Mosarrat , Mandal Jagdhar , Jha Indu Sekhar
Published: December 2024

The quasi-lattice theory (QLT) is utilized for the prediction of the temperature and concentration dependence of the thermodynamic properties of the molten CdSn alloys. At first, the analytical expressions are employed to reckon the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing, Gibbs free energy of mixing, activity, enthalpy of mixing and entropy of mixing as well as concentration fluctuations, short range-order parameter and excess stability function ofCdSn melts at 773 K. For this, the model parameters i.e. size ratio and order energy parameter are assessed using the experimental data of the free energy of mixing for CdSnmelts at 773 K. The theoretical values of the thermodynamic functions are in well harmony with the interrelated experimental values. The theoretical values of the structure function like concentration fluctuations are in unison with the experimental values for molten CdSn system at 773 K. Again, the optimization procedure is applied to explore the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing, activity, concentration fluctuations, short-range order parameter and excess stability function at different temperatures for CdSnmelts. The present study discloses that the stability as well as the segregating nature of CdSnmelts decrease with the elevation of the temperature from 773 K to 1123 K. Further, the temperature dependency of the excess stability function reveals that there is a probability of transition from segregating character to the ordering character of CdSn melts near 1162 K. Keywords: Gibbs free energy of mixing; entropy of mixing; concentration fluctuations; short-range order parameter; excess stability function
Study of Surface Damage of Train Wheels Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Phongphinittana Ekkarin , Lakong Nathapong , Jerapong Rattapong , Oonsudklong Nopparuj , Boonprakong Jaruwit , Bonnet Antoine , Promdirek Piyorose
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research is to study the surface damage of train wheels and rail under applied loads. The simulation of this damage was predicted and calculated using finite element method (FEM), specially with the ABAQUS program. According to the EN13674-1 (R350HT) and EN13262 standard for train rail and wheel, respectively, the train wheel and rail were modeled to create a suitable mesh and to simulate stress and deformation. The distribution of stress and deformation were first analyzed when the interaction between wheel and rail occurred. In this research the simulated damage was further discussed in the context of both rolling and non-rolling wheels on the rail. The simulated results showed that the maximum stress was distributed beneath the surfaces of wheels and rails, leading to initiation and propagation of crack. The continuous crack beneath the surface led to the surface fatigue, resulting in material loss. The fatigue life of surface was also evaluated and calculated based on these predicted stresses. The effect of plastic deformation occurring on the surface due to rolling fatigue were further discussed in this work.
Spatial Interpolation to Predict Mangrove above-Ground Carbon in Loh Buaya, Komodo National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Rijal Seftiawan Samsu , Efendi Achmad , Rudianto Rudianto , Prasidya Muhammad Arkan , Noer'Aulia Salma
Published: December 2024

Mangrove is an essential coastal vegetation with multiple abilities to protect the land from any hazards that come from the sea, also provides a contribution to combat global climate change by sequestering the carbon in the atmosphere on its stem and root system. Measuring the amount of carbon that can be stored by mangroves using terrestrial surveys is relatively challenging due to the harsh environment. Therefore, an optional method using satellite remote sensing and spatial modeling using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is needed. This research will combine field sampling and a GIS approach to estimate how much mangroves can store in the research area with spatial interpolation techniques i.e., kriging, spline, topo to raster, and nearest neighbor. To check the accuracy, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used. The most accurate model among others is Spline With Barrier with an RMSE of about 1.82 Mg C Ha-1 with a range of Above-Ground Carbon (AGC) values from 13.94 Mg C Ha-1 to 142.43 Mg C Ha-1. In conclusion, spatial interpolation may assist the mangrove’s carbon spatial modelling with promising accuracy.
Optimization of Sidoarjo Mud Akaline Fusion Process Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Nahara Annisa Ridha , Ningsih Erlinda , Darmawan Raden , Juliastuti Sri Rachmania
Published: December 2024

Sidoarjo mud contains 48.3% silica which is considered as the biggest impurity when compared to the content of rare earth metals which are 0.3% Eu and 0.02% Yb. The hydrothermal process is used to bind silica as a form of silica extraction activity in the Sidoarjo mud so that the Rare Earth Elements are purified further because their uses are urgently needed. This process compares the alkalis in the form of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 which are basic salts which will then be compared to the most optimum conditions of the two alkalis. Each alkali will be processed under operating conditions following the Taguchi method which aims to minimize research and optimize research results. Based on the research results, it was found that K2CO3 provided better silica recovery than Na2CO3 under operating conditions with a K2CO3 concentration of 2 M, 1 hour soaking time, 700°C melting temperature and 3 hours melting time, giving 95.24% silica recovery. In addition, by using the Taguchi method it can be analyzed that the main factors affecting the melting of the alkali are the melting time, the concentration of the alkali, the temperature of the melting, and the immersion time.
Prevalence and predictors of suboptimal peak inspiratory flow rates in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mohapatra Madhusmita Mohanty , Vemuri Mahesh Babu , Saka Vinod Kumar , Upadhya Pratap , Govindharaj Vishnukanth
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the role of peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) in the management of inhalation therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at a tertiary care institute from July 2021 to January 2022, this study included a total of 351 patients who were clinically diagnosed with stable COPD and currently receiving inhaler therapy. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments that included demographic data collection, the use of the ABCD assessment tool to evaluate disease severity, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) for quality of life measurement, and assessments for adherence to inhaler therapy and inhaler technique proficiency. The primary focus was on determining the prevalence of suboptimal PIFR and identifying associated demographic and clinical factors. The results indicated that 45% of the patients exhibited suboptimal PIFR, which is critical for effective medication delivery in COPD management. Analysis revealed several significant predictors of suboptimal PIFR: female gender, lower CAT scores, the type of inhaler device used, and a Modified Medical Research Council grade of ≥2, which indicates increased levels of breathlessness. These findings underscore the importance of assessing PIFR in COPD patients to ensure effective drug delivery. The study suggests that personalized inhaler device prescriptions tailored to individual PIFR can enhance treatment efficacy and improve overall management outcomes for COPD patients. By addressing factors contributing to suboptimal PIFR, healthcare providers can optimize inhalation therapy and ultimately improve patient quality of life.
Systemic artery aneurysms – A marker of high-risk Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kadiyani Lamk , Mohankumar Shivaprasad P , Arumugam Praveen , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Bagri Narendra Kumar , Pandey Niraj , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Kawasaki disease, traditionally classified as medium vessel vasculitis, is known for the preferential involvement of coronary arteries. Infrequently, large systemic arteries might be involved and may affect the prognosis. Here, we present an infant with Kawasaki disease who had extensive involvement of large vessels such as the abdominal aorta and medium vessels of the extremities, along with giant coronary artery aneurysms.
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy – Fetal diagnosis to postnatal management
Authors: Kadiyani Lamk , Shivaprasad PM , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Rana Anubhuti , Pandey Niraj
Published: December 2024

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy is a rare entity with poor fetal and postnatal outcomes and high morbidity in survivors. Half of the cases are diagnosed intrauterine due to hemodynamic compromise, and the associated manifestations pose unique management challenges. We hereby report an account of a fetal diagnosis in a referral for hydrops with postnatal evaluation and management.
Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among individuals with Fontan palliation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khansa Firyal , Ichwan Chairul , Ghifari Muhammad Haneef , Daffa Muhammad Brilliant , Nadia Farah Rizky , Zulfa Putri Oktaviani , Rampengan Derren David Christian Homenta , Yufika Amanda , Gusti Naufal , Iqhrammullah Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Background:

Children with one functional ventricle might receive the Fontan procedure as palliative management to prolong their lives. However, the heart remains functionally univentricular, which may result in disrupted absorption of nutrients, including Vitamin D. Individuals with Fontan circulation have limited physical activity and sun exposure, which might further contribute to Vitamin D deficiency.

Objective:

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among individuals with Fontan circulation and analyze probable contributing factors to it through meta-regression analysis.

Methods:

A predetermined search strategy was applied on PubMed, Scopus, Scilit, Web of Science, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar to identify relevant literature as of July 2024. In general, studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) among Fontan patients were eligible for inclusion. Only cohort and cross-sectional studies were included. The pooled estimates were carried out using a restricted maximum-likelihood model and Freeman–Tukey double-arcsine transformation (FTT).

Results:

Six studies were included, comprising 255 individuals with the Fontan circulation. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was 51% (95% confidence interval: 35%– 67%) with noticeable heterogeneity (I
2 = 84.38%; p-Het <0.001). Extracardiac conduit/lateral tunnel (P = 0.003) was the main contributor to the heterogeneity.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among individuals with Fontan palliation, highlighting the need for active monitoring and investigation into the benefits of Vitamin D supplementation.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42024574724.
Transcatheter salvage of dying Glenn – An innovative strategy for postGlenn thrombosis
Authors: Jain Shantanu , Gangopadhyay Debasree , Paulraj Sabharisundaravel , Roy Mahua , Mazumdar Jayitri , Dutta Joyeeta
Published: December 2024

PostGlenn thrombosis is an infrequent, serious complication requiring immediate attention, which is not uncommon in a resource-limited setting where patients are often lost to follow-up and have poor compliance with medications. This rare complication has infrequently been reported in the past. We describe a case of a massive thromboembolic event in a patient presenting acutely in a decompensated state 14 years after initial palliation by Glenn shunt. We report an innovative strategy of using transcatheter mechanical thrombectomy using a rotational thrombectomy device and chemical thrombolysis for the successful salvation of the Glenn circuit.
Effect of Two Different Penetration Depths of Micro-osteoperforation on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Jain Abhay Kumar , Singh Shresthaa , Priya Parul , Garg Nishita , Kumar Abhishek , Goswami Monalisa
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of two different penetration depths of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement over 60 days. In addition, the amount of pain and discomfort caused by the MOP was evaluated.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 22 patients (18–30 years) who need fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups. Randomization for determination of the experimental side and depth of perforations was done using sealed envelopes. On each patient, the other side of the mouth worked as control side with no MOPs. Patients in group 1 (MOP-5) received 3MOPs on the buccal surface of the alveolar bone each at 5 mm depth, whereas patients in group 2 (MOP-7) received 3MOPs on the buccal surface of the alveolar bone each at 7 mm depth. The amount of canine retraction was measured every 30 days at two intervals on both sides of the mouth. Pain perception was measured after 1 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7 days, and 28 days of procedure. MOP-related pain was measured using a visual analog scale. The level of statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The result of the intra-examiner reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient more than 0.97 (P < 0.001), indicating excellent repeatability and reliability of the measurements. The baseline characteristics between groups were similar (P > 0.05). Both the groups demonstrated a significantly higher canine movement than the control group. No significant difference was seen between the MOP-5 and MOP-7 groups (P > 0.05) in terms of canine retraction. Mild-to-moderate pain was experienced only in the first 24 h of the procedure.

Conclusion:

Three MOPs with a depth of 5 mm can be performed as an effective method to increase the rate of tooth movement. However, increasing the depth of perforation beyond 5 mm does not additionally enhance tooth movement.
Cone-beam Computed Tomography Evaluation Timings of Closure of Open Apex by Using Deciduous Tooth Pulp Autotransplantation for the Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Permanent Teeth with Pulp Necrosis
Authors: Patra Abhinandan , Gupta Sonal , Shrivastava Rohan , Ayub Sheenam , Langthasa Meghali
Published: December 2024

Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis in young people, deciduous tooth pulp may be utilized as a natural, biologic scaffold. Recent developments in stem cell biology and material sciences are beneficial for new treatment methods. Previously traumatized and necrotic young permanent tooth was treated with RET protocol. In the first visit, irrigation, and placement of triple antibiotic paste dressing were done. After that in the second visit, intracanal medication was removed and whole pulp tissue harvested from the deciduous tooth was transplanted in the young permanent tooth. Following placement of Biodentine® coronal barrier, access cavity was restored with acid-etch resin composite. This case report would highlight favorable outcome of RET using deciduous pulp autotransplantation in young permanent tooth using cone-beam computed tomography for 6 months’ follow-up.
A Critical Review of YouTube Videos on the Socket-shield Technique: A Content-quality Analysis
Authors: Echhpal Urvi , Maiti Subhabrata , Abhinav Rajendra Prabhu
Published: December 2024

Dental students often prefer social media for its accessibility and low cost but must critically evaluate the content before applying it in practice. This study analyzed YouTube content on socket shielding. A new Google account was created to search for “Socket Shield Technique” and “Partial Extraction Therapy.” Eligible videos were assessed for quality using the Global Quality (GQ) tool and the DISCERN tool. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results showed an average of 28.35 likes per video, no dislikes, and substandard content indicated by a DISCERN score of 25.25 ± 2.4 and a GQ score of 1.82 ± 0.38. The study concludes that video content on socket shielding is not reliable, emphasizing the importance of clinical observation and hands-on practice.
Assessment of the TGF-β gene and its target miR-1908-5p gene expression and its role in the treatment of beta-thalassemia in Iraqi patients
Authors: Abdulhassn Manal Lafta , Al-Khafaji Hiba Muneer Abdel Hassan , Mohammed Maryam Qasim
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Thalassemia is potentially inherited fatal anemia and can cause health problems when left untreated. Beta-thalassemia is the most severe formula of the illness. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine that has multicellular functions. The miRNAs have been confirmed to play important roles in gene expression regulation during the development of a variety of human diseases. In a variety of hematological diseases, miRNAs influence the TGF-β signaling pathway. The etiology of the disease may be supported by the dysregulation of this interaction.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to estimate the role of TGF-β and its target miR-1908-5p expression and its effect on the prognosis and treatment of beta-thalassemia (β-thal) in Iraqi patients.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS:

The case–control study encompassed 100 Iraqi individuals, categorized into two groups: Fifty patients diagnosed with β-thal and fifty apparently healthy controls. Blood samples were collected from Baghdad Teaching Hospital at the Medical City in Baghdad from December 2023 to February 2024. Hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. Total RNA was extracted and converted into complementary DNA, finally, to assess the levels of TGF-β and miR-1908-5p gene expression by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

The results showed that a decrease in the hemoglobin (Hb) level was significantly correlated with a significant increase in the ferritin level and the white blood cell (WBC) count in thalassemia patients in comparison to healthy controls, with a significant difference (P < 0.01). The expression of the TGF-β gene was notably lower in thalassemia patients (0.783) compared with control, with an increase in the miR-1908-5p gene expression level (1.431); furthermore, the correlation between them using Spearman’s coefficient was negative with a significant difference of 0.04.

CONCLUSION:

A low level of Hb in patients acts as a pointer to increase the level of the ferritin and the WBC count. A low level of gene expression of the TGF-β gene targeted by high-level miR-1908-5p gene expression in Iraqi patients with β-thal is considered a good biomarker according to the ROC curve test. It might be possible to regulate TGF-β expression by modifying miR-1908-5p, therefore could improve the effectiveness of gene-based therapies in hematological therapies.
Oculodermal melanocytosis in Asian Indian patients: Prevalence, clinical presentation, and association with choroidal melanoma
Authors: Chheda Prapti , Ramamurthy Srishti , Raval Vishal , Kaliki Swathi
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To study the prevalence, clinical presentation, treatment, and follow-up of ocular (dermal) melanocytosis (ODM) and its association with choroidal melanoma (CM) in Asian Indian patients.

Methods:

This was a retrospective case series of patients with ODM conducted in a quaternary eye care center.

Results:

Of the total 1.48 million patients during the study period, we identified 213 patients with ODM with a prevalence rate of 0.014%. Median age at presentation was 13 years (range 0–76 years). Unilateral presentation of ODM was noted in 87% cases. ODM involved the sclera in 100% cases, the iris in 23%, the choroid in 20%, the eyelid in 29%, and V1 and V2 dermatomes in 53% cases. Nineteen patients (9%) were found to have CM, with 1.3 times increased risk of CM compared to the Caucasian population. The most common tumor location was in the inferior quadrant (n = 8, 44%). The mean tumor thickness was 8.3 ± 2.8 mm with a mean basal diameter of 14.0 ± 4.3 mm. Primary treatment of CM included plaque brachytherapy (n = 6), enucleation (n = 9), and few patients refused for treatment (n = 3). During a mean follow-up period of 21 months, one patient died because of lung metastasis.

Conclusion:

Although rare, choroidal melanoma does occur in the presence of ODM with an increased risk in Asian Indians compared to the Caucasian population. Patients with ODM should be examined periodically for early detection of CM.