bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic Analysis of Spatial Diversification of Housing in Selected Countries of the European Union
Authors: Zapotoczna Marcelina
Published: October 2022

This article proposes to employ taxonomic methods to assess the residential situation in selected countries of the European Union. A synthetic measure was used whose construction was based on diagnostic variables which characterise the housing and socioeconomic conditions in the countries included in the study. This measure made it possible to arrange the items under study in a linear manner by residential situation (from the best to the worst). In addition, Ward’s method of classification was used to arrange countries in groups with similar residential situations. Similar results were obtained in both classifications for the years 2007 and 2013. The proposed procedure can be used by state authorities to make housing policy decisions.
The Non-Governmental Sector in the Transfer of Knowledge and the Development of Human Capital in the Region
Authors: Przygodzki Zbigniew
Published: October 2022

Inter-sectoral cooperation is one the most important elements of contemporary, territorially-focused policy. Deriving from the conditions shaped by the environment, on a global-scale as well, local actors should join forces by investing in the resources determining today’s’ development – knowledge and human capital – in the most effective way. However, internal national or regional conditions very often do not allow for efficient adaptation of development mechanisms. By narrowing the area of analysis to the relationships between territorial self-government and non-governmental organizations, this paper is an attempt to answer the question as to the scale and scope, in Polish conditions, public-social partnerships are being built. The analysis concerns the institutions involved in the investment in knowledge and human capital operating in the region of Lodz.
Acquisition of European Union Funds for Knowledge Transfer by Enterprises from Opolskie Voivodship
Authors: Zygmunt Aleksandra , Szewczyk Mirosława
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of the paper is the analysis of enterprises from Opolskie Voivodship in the context of their acquisition of European Union funds for knowledge transfer. First, the range of knowledge transfer in regional development is emphasized. Afterwards, an analysis is made of Opolskie Voivodship enterprises in the range of the major Operational Programme Innovative Economy priorities connected with knowledge transfer. Particular attention is paid to such priorities as: R&TD activities lead by research centers; technology transfer and improvement of the network of cooperation between SMEs, SMEs and other enterprises, universities and post-secondary schools, regional authorities, research centers and technology and research parks; support for R&TD development (especially in SMEs); and investment in enterprises connected especially with research and innovation. The study uses data from KSI SIMIK concerning the Operational Programme Innovative Economy.
Zarządzanie programami według Program Management Institute
Authors: Sekuła Przemysław
Published: October 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie standardu zarządzania programami „The Standard of Program Management” opracowanego przez Program Management Institute. Artykuł oparty jest o trzecią wersję standardu opracowaną w 2006 r. Pierwsze dwa rozdziały mają charakter wprowadzenia teoretycznego i wyjaśniają pojęcie programu oraz miejsce zarządzania programami w standardach PMI. Dalsza część artykułu to skrócony opis standardu, oparty na strukturze zaproponowanej przez PMI (tematy, cykl życia i procesy). Informacje przedstawione w tej części mają charakter praktyczny i mogą być wykorzystywane podczas podejmowania decyzji dotyczących wdrożenia standardu.
The Impact of a Circular Economy on Sustainable Development
Authors: Górka Kazimierz , Łuszczyk Marcin , Thier Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

The issue of the exhaustibility and limited of natural resources has been noticed, among others, as a result of intensive economic development and civilization progress. In the second half of the 20th the emission of industrial and municipal pollutants, mainly as a result of burning fossil fuels, also became a serious problem. The article presents the essence and manifestations of the economy in a closed circuit and its impact on shaping sustainable socio-economic development, as well as the analysis of the possibilities of implementing these principles in business practice and in everyday life. According to the authors, managing in a closed circulation appears to be the highest stage of civilization development. Closing the so-called the loop and the economic cycle is becoming real in many areas as a result of extending the life cycle of products, the use of an ever-wider range of waste as secondary raw materials — instead of primary raw materials, the use of renewable energy sources, rationalization of water and forest management, etc.
„Europa dwóch prędkości”. Deklaracje polityczne czy fakty ekonomiczne
Authors: Górka Kazimierz , Łuszczyk Marcin
Published: October 2022

Nie tylko w Polsce, ale i w całej Europie dyskutuje się o reformie Unii Europejskiej. Wśród proponowanych rozwiązań jest podział krajów członkowskich na grupę państw wspierających dalszą integrację oraz pozostałe dążące raczej do osłabienia istniejących relacji. Zdaniem autorów, scenariusz zmian pt. „Europa dwóch prędkości” jest już realizowany, a Polska, mimo proeuropejskich deklaracji polityków, coraz wyraźniej pozostaje poza głównym nurtem przemian. Powrót do grupy europejskich liderów wymaga podjęcia reform gospodarczych zapewniających stabilny wzrost w długiej perspektywie.
Biznes internetowy jako czynnik rozwoju przedsiębiorczości regionalnej: współczesne modele i tendencje
Authors: Wielki Janusz , Sytnik Inessa , Sytnik Bogdan
Published: October 2022

W opracowaniu przeanalizowano obszary i poziom rozwoju biznesu internetowego w oparciu o identyfikację typów jego modeli oraz analizę danych statystycznych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest ustalenie obszarów wpływu biznesu internetowego na rozwój przedsiębiorczości regionalnej. W opracowaniu zastosowano zestaw metod wykorzystanych w ekonomii i zarządzaniu, tj. metodę systemową oraz analizę statystyczną. Wykonane analizy prowadzą do konkluzji, iż wykorzystanie technologii internetowych zwiększa efektywność i skuteczność podejmowanych działań gospodarczych, stąd też biznes internetowy jest kluczowym czynnikiem rozwoju przedsiębiorczości regionalnej. Udowodniono, iż prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej on-line łączy się ze wszystkimi sektorami gospodarki, a jej szybki rozwój możliwy jest dzięki wykorzystaniu technologii internetowych w obszarze komunikacyjnym, marketingowym i dystrybucyjnym. Opracowano indeks rozwoju biznesu internetowego (IRBI ), który pozwolił wydzielić grupy krajów UE z różnym poziomem jego rozwoju i udowodnić istnienie wzajemnych zależności między poziomem rozwoju biznesu internetowego a poziomem rozwoju gospodarki narodowej oraz rozwojem w wymiarze regionalnym.
Budowanie konkurencyjności podmiotów gospodarczych poprzez działania B+R+I. Aspekty praktyczne
Authors: Szewczuk-Stępień Marzena , Walewska Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

Znalezienie skutecznego sposobu budowania trwałej przewagi konkurencyjnej to jedno z najtrudniejszych wyzwań z jakimi muszą mierzyć się obecnie przedsiębiorcy. W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy działania badawczo-rozwojowe i skoncentrowanie się na wdrażaniu innowacji może dać przedsiębiorstwom wymierne efekty na drodze do uzyskania konkurencyjnej pozycji rynkowej. Postawiono tezę, która brzmi; działalność B+R+I pozwala skutecznie budować przewagę konkurencyjną podmiotów gospodarczych oraz starano się ją udowodnić. Przeprowadzono analizę i ocenę uwarunkowań zewnętrznych (tzw. klimat do wdrażania — obecna sytuacja określona na podstawie charakterystyki danych statystycznych w obszarze działalności badawczo-rozwojowej w Polsce, wybranych dostępnych narzędzi w postaci dotacji unijnych na innowacje i działalność B+R+I ) oraz analizę przypadku w oparciu o case study wybranego przedsiębiorstwa. W podsumowaniu zawarto spostrzeżenia dokonane po przeprowadzeniu przedmiotowych analiz.
Projekty zdrowotne w województwie opolskim. Metody realizacji
Authors: Bedrunka Karina , Malik Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

Polityka rozwoju jest w dużej mierze uzależniona od procesów demograficznych. Już na poziomie władz regionalnych decyzje o planowanych działaniach, w tym realizacja inwestycji i organizacja świadczenia usług publicznych przez Jednostki Samorządu Terytorialnego (JST), muszą być podejmowane z uwzględnieniem zmian ludnościowych. Przede wszystkim nowym wyzwaniom powinna sprostać polityka zdrowotna realizująca systemowe działania w zakresie promocji zdrowia i profilaktyki zagrożeń i chorób, adresowane do jak najszerszej grupy odbiorców. Zastosowanie w polityce regionalnej zintegrowanego podejścia sprzyja realizacji wieloaspektowych, kompleksowych działań projektowych, również w obszarze zdrowia. W regionalnych programach operacyjnych w perspektywie 2014–2020, są one wdrażane w ramach Regionalnych Programów Zdrowotnych. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, w jaki sposób są przygotowywane i realizowane projekty zdrowotne w oparciu o Regionalne Programy Zdrowotne w województwie opolskim. Celem praktycznym, jest sformułowanie rekomendacji w jaki sposób projekty powinny być przygotowywane i realizowane, a także zaproponowanie rozwiązań dotyczących przygotowywania i realizacji projektów tak aby pozwalały na efektywne wdrożenie Regionalnych Programów Zdrowotnych.
Spatial Planning as a Tool for Sustainable Development. Polish Realities
Authors: Gorzym-Wilkowski Waldemar
Published: October 2022

Sustainable development is currently the basic philosophy of shaping socio-economic development. It seeks to ensure that the improvement of living conditions and development of the economy are reconciled and the proper conditions for the functioning of the natural environment are maintained. The achievement of such objectives requires the use of numerous and varied instruments that include spatial planning whose goals are to protect and harmonize various ways of using geographic spatial resources. The role of spatial planning as an instrument for sustainable development is appreciated in international and Polish theoretical literature. Polish legislation also states, to an increasing extent, that the need for sustainable development should be regarded as the basis of spatial development. However, the reality is that the consecutive Polish spatial planning systems have created mechanisms that have aggravated spatial conflicts, including the excessive and extensive use of space. It has resulted from the privileged position given by consecutive legal solutions to a certain category of space users at the expense of other stakeholders and the natural environment. Therefore, the effective use of spatial planning to ensure sustainable development requires the creation of a new system of planning that balances the interests of various users of space.
Infrastructure Expenditures versus Local Budget Resistance of Communes under the Risk of Urban Sprawl
Authors: Lityński Piotr
Published: October 2022

The subject of the study is to identify the impact on communes budgets in Poland of one of the major costs of urban sprawl (i.e., excessive expenditure on infrastructure). The study takes two objectives: first, whether excessive infrastructure costs in Polish communes are common; second, what the mechanism is determining an excessive budgetary burden on communes through infrastructure expenditures. The objectives were made using taxonomic methods in relation to the 222 communes in Poland 2007–2014. Among the most important conclusions from the study is the fact, that excessive infrastructure expenditures are observed in Poland, but they are not a common phenomenon. The mechanism of an excessive budgetary burden of these expenses is determined by the weakness of the financial policy of the communes in terms of their own revenue and low level of economic development.
Ageing of Society — Local Disparities. Classification of the Pomorskie Voivodship Communes According to the Pace and Progress of Local Communities’ Ageing
Authors: Richert-Kaźmierska Anita
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the issues of local disparities in the field of advancement and pace of demographic ageing. The subjects of the research were communes of the Pomorskie Voivodship. The purpose of the article — i.e., diagnosing and assessing the progress and pace of ageing of local communities in all 123 communes of the Pomorskie Voivodship, was achieved using a combination of traditional measures of ageing: age factor, the rate of double ageing, median age and the old age dependency ratio. In addition, grouping of the surveyed communes based on the criterion of progress and pace of population ageing was proposed. The results of the conducted analyses may be of practical use — they can be used by the commune and county governments, as well as by the regional government of the Pomorskie Voivodship to optimize the activities within the framework of development policies in view of the current demographic changes.
Opinion Survey of Lublin University Students on Genetically Modified Plants
Authors: Krzepiłko Anna , Skowrońska Monika , Krzepiłko Iwona , Filipiuk Aleksandra
Published: October 2022

In recent years genetically modified plants have become a subject of discussion not only among scientists but among consumers and politicians as well. This is a controversial issue, mainly due to the conflicting information appearing in the media concerning the properties of these plants, their impact on human health, and how they function in the natural environment. A survey was conducted to learn the opinions of students of Lublin universities regarding the cultivation and applications of genetically modified crops. The students surveyed claim to be familiar with issues associated with GMOs and express a desire to learn more about the subject, although their main sources of information are the Internet and television. They also perceive the need for the government to conduct a reliable information campaign on this subject. Their opinions on GMO plants are ambivalent; they have concerns about the cultivation and use of GMO plants, but also perceive the benefits that this biotechnology could provide.
Regression Models in Analysis of the Laryngeal Cancer Incidence Trends in Females in Podkarpackie Voivodship
Authors: Gawełko Jan , Cierpiał-Wolan Marek , Wójcik Sebastian
Published: October 2022

Laryngeal cancer is the most common cancer of the head and neck. The main predisposing factor is exposure to cigarette smoke, alcohol, occupational factors and HPV infections. An analysis of the incidence of laryngeal cancer in Poland shows that since the beginning of the 1990s the incidence in females has been increasing, while in Podkarpackie Voivodship there is very slight increase. The aim of the work is to explore model-based assessment of dynamics of cancer incidence and to analyze the causes of changes in the incidence of laryngeal cancer in females in Podkarpackie Voivodship in the years 1990–2012, including lifestyle, socio-economic situation, and making comparisons with the incidence trends in the country as a whole. For this purpose, a retrospective analysis of cases of laryngeal cancer in Podkarpackie Voivodship in the years 1990–2012 has been performed. Data have been obtained from the publication of the Department of Epidemiology of Podkarpackie Center of Oncology in Rzeszow and the Centre of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology in Warsaw. Dynamics of cancer incidences derived from raw data is misleading. Therefore, to analyze the dynamics of the phenomenon three regression models have been used to remove random disturbance: ARX(1), SVR and Poisson regression model. The models have been compared based on standard statistics. In Podkarpackie the model-based absolute number of cases per year in females increased slightly between 1990–2012. In Poland, the model-based absolute number of cases in females increased over 30% in the last two decades in the years 1990–2012. The percentage share of cases of laryngeal cancer in females among all malignant cancers decreased by 0,5% to 0,4% in the years 1990–2012. The average age of the incidence for females increased from 55,6 years in 1989 to 65,4 in 2010. Dynamics analysis based on raw data solely may produce misleading results in opposition to a model based approach. A model-based approach seems to be relevant especially for the ill-behaved time series for such a number of cancer incidences.
Exemption from VAT for Training, Advisory and Related Services Provided by Subcontractors of Beneficiaries Implementing Projects Financed from the European Social Fund
Authors: Sawczuk Piotr
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the article is to analyze regulations concerning exemption of training, advisory and related services from Value Added Tax to the extent that these services are implemented by subcontractors of beneficiaries of funds from the European Social Fund. The “Rapid Response Instrument” project, financed from the European Social Fund, was implemented in the financial perspective of 2007–2013 under the Human Capital Operational Programme. However, the tax issues related to its implementation remain relevant. Firstly, because the period in which its implementing entities can be covered by tax inspections with regard to compliance of the conducted settlements with the valid regulations has not elapsed yet. Secondly, the mechanism of settlement of similar projects may be used in the new financial perspective for the period of 2014–2020. Therefore, the stance with regard to tax consequences of the settlement mechanism used between entities carrying out trainings funded from the European Social Fund, worked out so far by the tax authorities and administrative court, may apply accordingly also to those projects.
Ujemny podatek dochodowy jako neoliberalne rozwiązanie dla polityki społecznej
Authors: Górka Kazimierz , Łuszczyk Marcin , Thier Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

Obserwowany poważny wzrost zadłużenia sektora finansów publicznych i niekorzystna sytuacja demograficzna w Polsce skłaniają do poszukiwania nowych rozwiązań w prowadzonej polityce socjalnej. Zdaniem autorów wartą rozważenia alternatywą jest ujemny podatek dochodowy (NIT) zaproponowany przez Miltona Friedmana, stanowiący w rzeczywistości subsydium wypłacane przez państwo osobom uzyskującym dochody poniżej określonego minimum. NIT, mimo pewnych ułomności i silnej krytyki wynikającej z przeświadczenia, że jego wprowadzenia spowoduje spadek aktywności zawodowej niektórych członków społeczeństwa, ma niewątpliwe zalety. Należą do nich przede wszystkim: prosty mechanizm jego funkcjonowania i niskie koszty administracyjne.
Spatial Differentiation of the Financial Condition of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship Counties
Authors: Dziekański Paweł
Published: October 2022

The aim of the following article is to present the possibility of using a synthetic index to assess and analyze the spatial differentiation of the financial condition of a self-government on the example of the counties of Świętokrzyskie Voivodship in Poland. The analysis done is static (in the range of differentiation level of the value indexes) and dynamic, including the comparison of county situations. The data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office in the years 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2014 were used as the source material. The decline of the financial situation of the counties in the years 2008–2011 connected with the economic crisis was proven. Their financial independence and the inclination to invest decreased. The situation is diverse in the aspect of the financial condition of the counties of Świętokrzyskie Voivodship. In the studied years the lowest index was, correspondingly, in the agricultural counties: pińczowski (0,38), jędrzejowski (0,32), and kazimierski (0,29; 0,31; 0,43), while the highest was in the industrial counties: starachowicki (0,58; 0,60; 0,67; 0,68; 0,66) and skarżyski (0,52; 0,56; 0,65; 0,65; 0,61).
Diagnozowanie sozologiczne jako instrument wspomagający planowanie i realizację polityki ochrony środowiska
Authors: Kistowski Mariusz
Published: October 2022

Od ponad dekady w Polsce spada realna ranga problematyki ochrony środowiska w polityce rozwoju państwa. Jednym z przejawów tego procesu jest obniżenie jakości dokumentów polityki ekologicznej. W sytuacji wzrostu ilości i ogromnego rozproszenia informacji o środowisku, kluczowe staje sporządzanie poprawnej diagnozy sozologicznej. Powinna ona stanowić punkt wyjścia dla opracowania polityki ekologicznej państwa i wszystkich programów ochrony środowiska dla województw, powiatów i gmin. Diagnoza — oparta o zestaw mierników — powinna dostarczyć kompleksowej wiedzy o antropogenicznej presji na środowisko, jakości środowiska oraz działaniach prowadzonych w zakresie ochrony środowiska. Zaproponowana przez autora metoda diagnozy bazuje na 86 miernikach, analizowanych w przeprowadzonych badaniach dla lat 2000–2009 na poziomie gminnym. Podstawowe źródła danych stanowią Bank Danych Lokalnych GUS oraz Państwowy Monitoring Środowiska. W rezultacie analizy miar dotyczących średniej dekadowej wartości mierników, wartości w ostatnim roku oraz zmienności między rokiem początkowym a końcowym, powstała baza danych która posłużyła do sporządzania klasyfikacji sozologicznych. Pozwoliły one na przeprowadzenie regionalizacji sozologicznej kraju oraz delimitację obszarów problemów sozologicznych (OPS), które powinny stanowić główne strefy działań w zakresie ochrony środowiska. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły trwałość podziału sozologicznego Polski, posiadającego swoje korzenie jeszcze w XIX-wiecznym rozwoju górnictwa i przemysłu. Część południowa kraju oraz główne aglomeracje miejskie (z warszawską na czele) to obszary największych problemów sozologicznych, a cześć północna – najmniejszych. W końcu badanej dekady zaznaczyło się powstanie drugiej strefy problemów sozologicznych, zajmującej obszar od Wielkopolski do Podlasia.
Problemy wdrażania nowego produktu turystycznego - turystyka ornitologiczna
Authors: Gołoś Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

Poniższy artykuł przedstawia problematykę wdrażania nowego ornitologicznego produktu turystycznego oraz wskazuje na istotne problemy w tym zakresie. W pracy wykorzystano wyniki przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych oraz obserwacje autora związane z kreacją szlaków ornitologicznych na terenie gmin Baranów, Markuszów, Puławy i Żyrzyn w województwie lubelskim. W artykule przedstawiona została droga od koncepcji merytorycznej, poprzez pozyskanie źródeł finansowania, aż po ofertowanie i sprzedaż gotowego produktu turystyki ornitologicznej. Postawiono tezę, iż o ile we wdrażaniu produktu problemem nie jest stworzenie metodyki i opracowanie kompleksowych założeń, o tyle większe wyzwanie stanowi finansowanie działań, a najistotniejsze bezpośrednie ofertowanie i sprzedaż gotowego ornitologicznego produktu turystycznego. Tezę tę potwierdzają przeprowadzone badania, które jednoznacznie wskazują na brak doświadczenia większości organizatorów turystyki w zakresie organizacji imprez turystyki ornitologicznej.
Dynamika zmian luk informacyjnych w planowaniu przestrzennym obszarów morskich w Polsce w latach 2008–2015
Authors: Matczak Magdalena , Zaucha Jacek , Szefler Kazimierz
Published: October 2022

Planowanie przestrzenne obszarów morskich jest stosunkowo młodym procesem mającym swoje korzenie w zarządzaniu działalnością człowieka na obszarach cennych ekologicznie. W regionie Morza Bałtyckiego proces ten jest postrzegany jako narzędzie wspierające podejmowanie decyzji, ukazujące preferencje społeczne dotyczące obszarów morskich, minimalizujących konflikty z nich wynikające, przestrzennie i czasowo alokujące działalność człowieka, tak aby osiągać cele ekologiczne, gospodarcze i społeczne ustalone w ramach procesu politycznego. Niezależnie od definicji, jako podstawę prawidłowego procesu określa się dostęp do dobrej jakości informacji oraz rzetelną analizę uwarunkowań środowiskowych, gospodarczych i prawnych obszaru morskiego jak i przyległych obszarów lądowych. Doświadczenia zdobyte w Polsce w ramach opracowywania pilotażowych projektów planów morskich i Studium Uwarunkowań Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego Polskich Obszarów Morskich pozwalają na wyciągnięcie pewnych wniosków dotyczących potrzeby badań. Artykuł opisuje luki informacyjne hamujące morskie planowanie przestrzenne i oraz dynamikę ich zmian w ostatnich latach.
Wpływ procesów suburbanizacji na przemiany struktury przestrzennej i funkcjonalnej wsi Panieńszczyna — strefa podmiejska Lublina
Authors: Zając Magdalena , Janicki Grzegorz , Bałaga Krystyna
Published: October 2022

Badaniami objęto miejscowość Panieńszczyzna (51°17’N, 22°27’E ) położoną w strefie podmiejskiej Lublina, w gminie Jastków. Od 1989 roku obserwuje się tu duże zmiany w strukturze przestrzennej i funkcjonalnej wsi. Jednocześnie jest to obszar o wysokich walorach krajobrazowych i z rozwiniętą gospodarką rolną. Procesy suburbanizacji wywołały negatywne skutki w krajobrazie Panieńszczyzny. Zanika lokalna tradycyjna zabudowa wsi i jej układ zagrodowy, natomiast przemianom podlega struktura agrarna, zmniejsza się też strefa zieleni. W morfologii wsi wyraźnie zaznacza się obecnie chaos budowlany oraz brak spójności architektonicznej. Dodatkowo budowa drogi ekspresowej S17 obniżyła wycenę terenów sąsiadujących z tą inwestycją. Z drugiej strony wzrosła znacznie liczba mieszkańców i pojawiły się nowe funkcje wsi.
Efforts by Hotel Owners Aimed at Maintaining Ecological Balance in Lubelskie Voivodship
Authors: Mazurek-Kusiak Anna , Soroka Andrzej
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to identify the activities of the tourism sector which in the opinion of residents protect the natural environment of Lubelskie Voivodship. Efforts were also made to determine which activities have the greatest impact on the selection of accommodation by respondents and whether hotels fulfill the concept of sustainable social development. The size of the selected sample was 1157 respondents. The method of diagnostic survey was applied, and a direct survey was the technique, both conducted on the basis of an original questionnaire. Statistical calculations were performed using discriminant analysis and the level of education was the criterion for grouping. It has been shown that the following factors were the most important when choosing accommodation: cost-effective energy policy, including good insulation of the hotel building where respondents would stay, and a proper water management policy by the hotel company. Environmental protection was mentioned with activities that have the greatest impact on the natural environment. It has been found that it is necessary to use experiences of other countries in pursuing appropriate policies for sustainable development of a society, to monitor these policies, and to use devices which would limit the destruction of valuable and expensive resources. Both residents and organizations acting over a given area should be involved in the protection of natural resources.
The Role of Foreign Capital Invested in the Form of Foreign Direct Investment in the Economy of the Opolskie Voivodship in the Years 1990–2015
Authors: Bernat Maria
Published: October 2022

The article provides an assessment of the role of FDI in the regional economy based on the levels of economic efficiency: structural changes of the economy, economic stimulating activity, employment, modernization of the production apparatus and exchange with foreign countries. The following considerations seek to answer the questions to what extent has FDI become a catalyst for economic growth in the region and has it been a tool for benefiting the investors. The author drew attention to the effects generated by foreign companies in the domestic environment and their response to the global economic crisis.
Higher Education as a Determinant of Sustainable Economic Development of Ukraine: Financial Aspects
Authors: Konstantyuk Nataliya
Published: October 2022

Higher education is of the foremost impact on the personality as the carrier of the knowledge-based capital. That is why the creation of knowledge-based capital is possible through the investment in higher education, the results of which are scientific investigations and innovations, which in total are in the heart of knowledge economy and the promoter of long term growth of the country. This thesis is confirmed by the expenditures for higher education, the most developed countries of the world spend a lot of financial resources for higher education and their expenditure for education can be treated as the strategic investments in nation economy of their country. It shows the relationship between the cost of education and the size of their GDP. Also the actual problems of financial support of higher education in Ukraine are examined, which hinder the development of education and the economy at all. There are recommendations for solving financial problems of higher education in Ukraine.
Możliwości finansowania mikroinstalacji dla prosumentów jako czynnik rozwoju lokalnego
Authors: Graczyk Alicja
Published: October 2022

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i analiza możliwości finansowania mikroinstalacji odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE ) dla potencjalnych prosumentów, uwarunkowań rozwoju energetyki prosumenckiej w świetle nowej ustawy o OZE oraz wskazanie na możliwe zagrożenia rozwoju mikroinstalacji. W pierwszej części zdefiniowano pojęcie prosumenta oraz pojęcie energetyki prosumenckiej i podano przykład rozwoju lokalnego w Niemczech. Druga część dotyczy regulacji prawnych dotyczących mikroinstalacji i analizy wsparcia finansowego od państwa. W kolejnych częściach przedstawiono możliwości finansowania mikroinstalacji. W ostatniej części skupiono się na analizie zagrożeń nowego systemu finansowania dla prosumenta oraz ocenie zidentyfikowanych form wsparcia.
The European Landscape Convention as a Tool for the Protection, Management and Planning of Landscapes
Authors: Senetra Adam , Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska Monika , Grzelak-Kostulska Elżbieta
Published: October 2022

Landscape protection and planning have attracted the attention of experts in many branches of science and industry. The growing interest in landscape management reflects concerns over environmental degradation that deteriorates the quality of life. Undesirable landscape changes result mostly from civilizational development, inappropriate land use and spatial planning. Further adverse landscape transformations should be prevented at local, regional and national levels. On 24 June 2004, Poland ratified the European Landscape Convention (ELC), which was opened for signature in 2000 in Florence (Italy ). The ratifying countries have committed themselves to enhance the quality of local landscapes which are the basic components of Europe’s natural and cultural heritage. Despite several attempts that resulted in the development of preliminary analytical reports, the Convention has not been implemented in Poland to date. For the Convention to be implemented, landscapes on Polish territory have to be identified and assessed. A systemized approach to landscape evaluation can provide a basis for creating landscape maps. This paper discusses selected methodological assumptions underlying landscape classification (typology ) and quality assessment, which could be used in the implementation process. The proposed method for assessing the esthetic value of landscape may become an integral part of landscape auditing, which is an important legal aspect of implementing the Convention. A landscape audit involves the identification of priority landscapes of particularly high scenic value.
Assessment of the Ecological and Energy Awareness of the Citizens in Rural Communes
Authors: Kowalczyk-Juśko Alina , Kościk Bogdan
Published: October 2022

This study was performed due to a concept of building a biogas network connecting two agricultural biogas plants. It was concerned with the ecological and energy awareness amongst the citizens of two communes located in the Lubelskie Voivodship. Moreover, their interest in being connected to the local biogas network has been studied. The interviewees declared that they are familiar with different sources of energy. Solar energy was the most well-known. It has been noted that the level of information about how agricultural biogas plants operate is low, which is known both from verbal expressions and the responses to questions concerning inhabitants’ interest in becoming connected to the network. The citizens are afraid of burdens resulting from producing biogas, mostly the unpleasant smells. It has been noticed that most of the decisions upon which the environmental attitude may be assessed stem from the economic reasons. The need to raise the level of knowledge about producing biogas and using it as energy is very high.
The Concept of Clustering and Benefits of Functioning as Part of a Cluster
Authors: Rodzinka Jacek , Skica Tomasz
Published: October 2022

The progress in the social and economic reality surrounding us regarding the identification of factors determining the competitiveness of enterprises has naturally led the discussion concerning new areas of economic practice. The concept of clustering and the development policy (both local and supra-local) based on clustering (cluster-based policy or cluster-oriented policy) have been gaining a wider and wider group of proponents. The first part of an article include the benefits of attending in cluster. In the next part we presented directions of support for clusters in Poland. Finally, in the last part of an article we showed the directions and assumptions of Polish cluster policy until 2020.
Vision of the Cross-Border Zeolitic Tuff Cluster
Authors: Rodzinka Jacek , Leśniowska Małgorzata , Wojnarowska-Dygdoń Aleksandra
Published: October 2022

The natural consequence of observed changes and trends in the macroeconomic scale include formation of the clusters. Nowadays, clustering is an increasingly more popular form of business organization, and it is becoming more significant from year to year. In Poland, clusters are relatively new forms of self-organization business, which are supported by the administrative authorities, and is based on mutual cooperation between entrepreneurs or producers and development research units on a specific area. The aim of the project carried out by University of Management and Administration in Zamość entitled “Description of an innovative model of cross-border application of zeolitic tuffs” was establishment of a functioning institutionalized cooperation networks in the form of a cross-border zeolitic tuff cluster on a Polish-Ukrainian cross-border area. The objective of this article is to present mission and vision of the Cross-border Zeolitic Tuff Cluster. Mainly, the authors focus on a various possibilities of application of zeolitic tuffs and main areas of functioning of the cluster. On this basis, authors described strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of functioning of the Cross-border Zeolitic Tuff Cluster and proposed the development trends of cluster.
Effect of Transport and Communication Connections on the Peripherality of the Border Areas of the Lubelskie Voivodship
Authors: Meksuła Mirosław , Grzechnik Leszek
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the impact of the national border of the transport and communication accessibility of the Lubelskie Voivodship, and therefore its peripherality. The paper is based on the analysis of changes in the transport and communication infrastructure over the last century. After 1945 a unified transport system was replaced with two, almost entirely separated from each other. The political changes after 1989 had no effect on the functioning of the transport or communication system. The newly established countries, namely Belarus and the Ukraine, began functioning within the borders of the former Soviet republics, inheriting all of the features of the communication systems of the Soviet Union. Poland’s accession to the European Union and joining the Schengen Area, were significant moments for the peripherality of the discussed area. The Lubelskie Voivodship became a peripheral zone not only of Poland, but also of the European Union.
The Developing World’s Depiction in the Battlefield and Call of Duty Video Game Series. Does It Replicate the Stereotypical Image?
Authors: Ząbecki Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the Third World is presented in the highly popular Battlefield and Call of Duty video game series and whether the games replicate the Global South’s stereotypical image. In the introduction, the term “stereotype” is defined, countries or regions to be considered “developing” are distinguished, and the choice of video games to be examined in the study is made. Then, the content of the chosen games is analyzed in order to find elements of the environment that are represented, the sides of the depicted conflicts, their place and background, as well as playable characters and enemies. In the conclusion, the developing world’s depiction is compared to the already existing stereotypes in order to decide to what extent and in what aspects video games repeat them.
Evaluation of the Determinants of Religious Tourism Development in the Roztocze Region
Authors: Flaga Małgorzata , Markiewicz Marek
Published: October 2022

Roztocze possesses considerable cultural assets, conducive to developing tourism. Among them all, the sacred ones are especially significant because they are traces and witnesses of the former multicultural and multireligious character of the region. They are also excellent premises for advancing religious tourism. But there are some barriers that confine opportunities to develop that kind of tourist movement in Roztocze. First of all, is the general weak state of the tourism infrastructure. Besides that, there is an evident lack of professional promotion and elaborated offering of products of religious tourism. It seems that this form of tourism is not emphasized strongly enough in regional and local development strategies.
Economic Efficiency of Photovoltaic Installations (A Case Study at the Zwierzyniec–Biały Słup Research and Education Centre of Roztocze National Park)
Authors: Gradziuk Piotr
Published: October 2022

The paper presents an assessment of the economic efficiency of a 21 kW photovoltaic system consisting of 92 Viessmann Vitovolt P230RA modules and an SMA Sunny Tripower 17000TL inverter, installed at the Zwierzyniec-Bialy Słup Research and Education Centre of Roztocze National Park. The study was carried out from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2014. The total investment cost associated with the purchase and assembly of the photovoltaic system was PLN 505 489,67. The annual value of the electric energy produced, including revenue from the sale of certificates of origin during this period, was PLN 6 793,48. The payback period for the investment was calculated at 74 years, which is more than double the anticipated exploitation period (30 years), with a present net value (NPV) of PLN 229 000. The paper also presents the results of a simulation-based calculation of the economic efficiency of such a system for three levels of investment costs: PLN 6 000 per kWp — variant 1, PLN 7 000 per kWp — variant 2, and PLN 8 000 per kWp — variant 3. The payback period ranged from 19 to 25 years, depending on the variant, and the NPV was positive for all variants.
POLITENESS PRINCIPLES AND FACE ACTS AMONG ENGLISH AND YORUBA INTERACTANTS
Authors: Adebayo AREMU, Moses
Published: October 2022

The contact of English with the multilingual Nigerian environment has led to different variations in the use and usage of the language in the Nigerian social context. In the same vein, the use of the language in the Nigerian socio-cultural context has resulted in a fillip, not only in the employment of the indigenized variety of the language, but also in the growth and the utilization of the face-acts and politeness principles among Nigerian interactants. It has been discovered through this research that the politeness and face-acts phenomena have become commonplace among participants of varied social, regional and occupational backgrounds. This paper has hence been used to analyze the politeness principles and face acts in the Nigerian English and Yoruba usages. Sampled data were gathered through the participant’s observation and oral interview. The sampled data were analysed ,using Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) politeness principles expanded by Thomas (1995, 2000) and Bach and Harnih’s(1979)mutual contextual belief as theoretical framework .
THE LOGIC OF TIV FILM COMMUNICATION FOR SOCIOECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
Authors: Aondofa IKYER, Godwin , Ianna. TSEGBAH, Bernard
Published: October 2022

There is a growing demand for there inforcement of minority rights against the empty rhetoric of patriotism and unity in diversity within the framework of the Nigerian nation state. It has become obvious that transnational encounters within Nigeria has created various forms of superiorities and dominance-cultural, democracy-wise, ethnic, media, communication, economic, political-and be-wigged to alienate and subvert minority rights, privileges and heritage thus creating complicated consequences which severally call for self assertion, even aggression and crisis. Communication, and particularly the film media, has been one of such centre and periphery monopolistic practices that appropriate a majority culture and number within the notion of Nigerian culture and democracy thereby broadening boundaries of majority cultures and numbers which often clash at some bitter point with minority cultures and numbers, values and visions. This paper examines the complicated network of cultural control and subjugation, mass entertainment and popular culture deploying majority culture as the national one with the consumerism status vested on the minorities as it forsake minority identities and culture and the socio-economic disadvantages there of using Nollywood, a majority cinema, as the basis of binary discourse. This paper calls for a new engagement, one that expressly asserts and appropriates minority rights to deploying film and multimedia for cultural, linguistic, artistic, economic, social and political growth and development. The paper finally calls for theoretical constructs that will accommodate minority rights and projections in communication, film and multimedia for sustainable development keywords: minority rights, majority rights, film, cultural control, Nigerian culture, democracy.
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN INTER-ETHNIC CRISIS: A CASE STUDY OF THE TIV AND JUKUN ETHNIC GROUPS
Authors: Dangana Daniel , Ogechi Elekwa Samuel
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the role of language in inter-ethnic crisis with a focus on the Tiv and Jukun ethnic crisis. The qualitative method which involves collection and analysis of primary data was employed to carry out the study. The study revealed that uses of inflammable terms like: “Atswake”, “Atswa”, “Adenkankan”, “Hondobeegai”, Tor mbaayie”, Mbasoonayalave” by members of the language (groups) in conflict contribute to crisis in the society. The work also uncovered that a lot still needs to be done to forestall ethnic crisis between the two speech communities and to eliminate the consequential effects this problem has been posing as it relatesto ethnic consciousness. Based on information from the study, the recommendation is that seminars and workshops on the need for peaceful co-existence between the Tiv and Jukun ethnic groups need to be organized from time to time
ENHANCING ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY OF WORKERS, LURKERS AND SHIRKERS AMONG UNDERGRADUATES STUDYING ENGLISH
Authors: Ofemile Abdulmalik Yusuf , Agu Innocent Ejimofor
Published: October 2022

Universities offering English as first degree in the United Kingdom aim to provide students with education and learning, intellectual, professional and transferable skills expected to make them useful in the environments. Achieving these aims requires students' active participation in lectures and seminars as a space for developing meaningful learning. However, lecturers often observe that some students actively participate in pair and group work and note taking but are very reluctant to ask and answer questions during lectures. This paper presents an exploratory study that uses students' needs analysis reflecting their participatory attitudes in class as a lens to understand and design strategies for developing critical thinking among first year undergraduates studying English in a university in the United Kingdom. The methodology is mixed and as a first step, thirty free response questionnaires were administered among volunteers who are speakers of English as a first language and taking a module called Language and context. Results from the content analysis of the questionnaires suggest that attitudes may be linked to aspects of learner self-efficacy during interaction. Results from content analysis provide a lead-on for proposing a learner-centered plan of action designed to exercise critical thinking skills, encourage reflective learning, and help students to be more mindfully involved in linguistic analysis as lurkers, workers and shirkers during lectures and seminars.
EFFECT OF LEARNING RESOURCES ON PRELITERACY SKILLS DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN JOS NORTH LGA, PLATEAU
Authors: Enighe Jeno-Mary , Noah Nathanael Tanko
Published: October 2022

Using the correlational research design and a sample of nineteen (19) out of the twenty four (24) ECE centres that have Nursery Three classes, the study investigated the effect of learning resources on pre-literacy skills development of preschool children in Jos North LGA of Plateau State. Two different researchers developed check-lists – Indoor Pre-literacy Skills Development Resources Check-list (IPSDRC) and Outdoor Pre-literacy Skills Development Resources Checklist (OPSDRC) were used to collect data for the study from care-givers in the centres. Also, a 24- item tool known as Researchers' Observation Schedule (ROS) and a Preliteracy Skills Proficiency Test Tool (PSPTT) were also used to gather information from Nursery Three pupils in the ECE centres. IPSDRC, OPSDRC and ROS were personally administered by the researchers while two research assistants helped to administer the PSPTT. Simple percentages were used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that resources available in the ECE centres sampled were grossly inadequate, and even among the available resources, a large percentage were not functional. As a result of unavailability of learning resources, preschool children's performance rating in preliteracy skills was very poor. The researchers recommended among others that given the significance of learning resources in the development of pre-literacy skills in preschool children, the Plateau State UBEB should endeavour to equip all government owned ECE centres with sufficient and functional pre-literacy skills development resources.