bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior cingulate cortex causally supports flexible learning under motivationally challenging and cognitively demanding conditions
Authors: Banaie Boroujeni Kianoush , Sigona Michelle K. , Treuting Robert Louie , Manuel Thomas J. , Caskey Charles F. , Womelsdorf Thilo
Published: September 2022

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum (STR) contain neurons encoding not only the expected values of actions, but also the value of stimulus features irrespective of actions. Values about stimulus features in ACC or STR might contribute to adaptive behavior by guiding fixational information sampling and biasing choices toward relevant objects, but they might also have indirect motivational functions by enabling subjects to estimate the value of putting effort into choosing objects. Here, we tested these possibilities by modulating neuronal activity in ACC and STR of nonhuman primates using transcranial ultrasound stimulation while subjects learned the relevance of objects in situations with varying motivational and cognitive demands. Motivational demand was indexed by varying gains and losses during learning, while cognitive demand was varied by increasing the uncertainty about which object features could be relevant during learning. We found that ultrasound stimulation of the ACC, but not the STR, reduced learning efficiency and prolonged information sampling when the task required averting losses and motivational demands were high. Reduced learning efficiency was particularly evident at higher cognitive demands and when subjects experienced loss of already attained tokens. These results suggest that the ACC supports flexible learning of feature values when loss experiences impose a motivational challenge and when uncertainty about the relevance of objects is high. Taken together, these findings provide causal evidence that the ACC facilitates resource allocation and improves visual information sampling during adaptive behavior.
Community access to rectal artesunate for malaria (CARAMAL): A large-scale observational implementation study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria and Uganda
Authors: Lengeler Christian , Burri Christian , Awor Phyllis , Athieno Prosciova , Kimera Joseph , Tumukunde Gloria , Angiro Irene , Tshefu Antoinette , Okitawutshu Jean , Kalenga Jean-Claude , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Akano Babatunde , Ayodeji Kazeem , Okon Charles , Yusuf Ocheche , Brunner Nina C. , Delvento Giulia , Lee Tristan , Lambiris Mark , Visser Theodoor , Napier Harriet G. , Cohen Justin M. , Buj Valentina , Signorell Aita , Hetzel Manuel W. ,   The CARAMAL Consortium
Published: September 2022

The key to reducing malaria deaths in highly endemic areas is prompt access to quality case management. Given that many severe cases occur at peripheral level, rectal artesunate (RAS) in the form of suppositories was developed in the 1990s, allowing for rapid initiation of life-saving antimalarial treatment before referral to a health facility with full case management capabilities. One randomized controlled trial published in 2009 showed a protective effect of RAS pre-referral treatment against overall mortality of 26%, but with significant differences according to study sites and length of referral. Two important issues remained unaddressed: (1) whether the mortality impact of RAS observed under controlled trial conditions could be replicated under real-world circumstances; and (2) clear operational guidance for the wide-scale implementation of RAS, including essential health system determinants for optimal impact. From 2018 to 2020, the Community Access to Rectal Artesunate for Malaria (CARAMAL) project was conducted as a large-scale observational implementation study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Nigeria, and Uganda (registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03568344). CARAMAL aimed to provide high-quality field evidence on the two issues above, in three remote settings with high malaria endemicity. A number of complementary study components were implemented. The core of the CARAMAL study was the Patient Surveillance System (PSS), which allowed tracking of cases of severe febrile illness from first contact at the periphery to a referral health facility, and then on to a Day 28 visit at the home of the patient. Community and provider cross-sectional surveys complemented the PSS. Here we describe in some detail RAS implementation, as well as the key CARAMAL study components and basic implementation experience. This manuscript does not intend to present key study results, but provides an extensive reference document for the companion papers describing the impact, referral process, post-referral treatment and costing of the RAS intervention.
Laparoscopic resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: A single-center experience
Authors: Gloor Severin , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido , Lachenmayer Anja
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) remains a very rare disease requiring complete radical resection for curative treatment. While open approaches are common, safety and efficacy of laparoscopic resections remain unknown.

Methods

This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study with patients undergoing liver resection for hepatic AE at the Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital from December 2002 to December 2020. Postoperative outcomes of patients following laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for hepatic AE were compared with those of patients undergoing open hepatectomy (OH).

Results

A total of 93 patients underwent liver resection for hepatic AE. Laparoscopic hepatectomy was performed in 23 patients and open hepatectomy in 70 patients. While there were no significant differences in terms of gender, age and diagnostic tools, the majority of patients of the LH cohort were PNM stage 1 (78%) in contrast to only 39% in the OH cohort (p = 0.002). Patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy were treated by minor liver resections in 91% and in 9% by major liver resections in comparison to the open hepatectomy cohort with 61% major liver resections and 39% minor resections. Laparoscopic hepatectomy was associated with shorter mean operation time (127 minutes vs. 242 minutes, p <0.001), lower major complication rate (0% vs. 11%, p = 0.322) and shorter mean length of hospital stay (4 days vs. 13 days, p <0.001). Patients with LH had a distinct, but not significant lower recurrence rate (0% vs. 4%, p = 0.210) during a mean follow-up of 55 months compared with a follow-up of 76 months in the OH cohort. After subgroup analysis of PNM stage 1 patients, similar results are seen with persistent shorter mean operation time (120 minutes vs. 223 minutes, p <0.001), lower major complication rate (0% vs. 8%, p = 0.759) and shorter length of hospital stay (4 days vs. 12 days, p <0.001).

Conclusion

Laparoscopy appears as a feasible and safe approach for patients with PNM stage 1 alveolar echinococcosis without impact on early disease recurrence.
Scabies incidence and association with skin and soft tissue infection in Loyalty Islands Province, New Caledonia: A 15-year retrospective observational study using electronic health records
Authors: Ducrot Yves-Marie , Bruno Enzo , Franco Jean-Marc , Raffray Loïc , Beneteau Samuel , Bertolotti Antoine
Published: September 2022

Background

Scabies and its complications are a public health problem in the low- and middle-income countries of the Western Pacific region. However, no data are available for the relatively wealthy French territory of New Caledonia. This study aimed to determine the incidence of scabies and its association with skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in Loyalty Islands Province (LIP) (20,000 inhabitants), New Caledonia.

Methodology/Principal findings

This retrospective observational study reviewed cases of scabies and SSTI extracted from the electronic health record databases of LIP clinics for the period 2004–2018. Data were validated through double sampling. The overall scabies incidence rate (IR) and scabies IRs by sex and age group were calculated. Scabies seasonality was evaluated. For children <5 years, the presence of SSTI was compared between the 3-month period preceding scabies diagnosis/treatment and the 3-month period preceding the 1-year anniversary of scabies diagnosis/treatment (self-matching).

A total of 16,843 scabies cases were extracted using a detection algorithm with a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 99.9%. From 2004 to 2018, the average overall scabies IR was 5.9% and the average scabies IR in children <1 year was 18.4%. Almost two-thirds of children aged 14 years had a history of scabies. Females were more affected, especially in the 20–39 age group (sex ratio>2). A strong seasonality was observed, with a 30% increase in winter. In children <5 years, SSTIs were 4.3 times more frequent in the 3 months preceding the scabies diagnosis than in the 3 months preceding the 1-year anniversary of scabies treatment (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Although health care is much better in New Caledonia than in neighboring countries, scabies is highly endemic in LIP. The disease is especially common in children <2 years and is associated with many SSTIs in children <5 years. Mass drug administration should be considered.
One Health risk challenges and preparedness regarding bovine tuberculosis at abattoirs in North-central Nigeria: Associated drivers and health belief
Authors: Odetokun Ismail Ayoade , Alhaji Nma Bida , Aminu Jibrin , Lawan Mohammad Kabir , Abdulkareem Madinat Abimbola , Ghali-Mohammed Ibraheem
Published: September 2022

Background

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a serious public health and neglected zoonotic disease responsible for 147,000 human cases and 12,500 deaths annually. This study assessed knowledge, risk perceptions, and preventive practices regarding bTB among occupationally exposed abattoir workers and drivers for transmission in slaughterhouses.

Methods

Using a pre-tested questionnaire, we surveyed a cross-section of workers in five main abattoirs in North-central Nigeria between 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and univariable/multivariable logistic regression analyses at a 95% confidence level.

Results

All recruited respondents (n = 422: 77.7% meat processors and 22.3% meat and sanitary inspectors) participated and 10.4% had no formal education. About 44.0% and 27.0% of workers knew about bTB occurrence at the abattoirs and its transmission to humans, respectively. Less than one-third use personal protective equipment (PPE) during meat handling, only a few workers correctly practised routine handwashing, and 21.8% sterilized meat handling tools. A few participants (6.4%) had BCG vaccination against tuberculosis. Demographic characteristics (age, gender, occupation, and formal education) significantly influenced the perception and practices about bTB. A few workers perceived raw meat and milk, direct contact with infected carcasses, organs and contaminated fomites, contaminated environment through infected blood, dirty slaughtering floor, and aerosols of contaminated faeces as high-risk bTB transmission routes. Perceived drivers that influenced bTB transmission at abattoirs include unhygienic meat processing (OR = 5.4, 95%CI = 3.1–9.4, p < 0.001) and non-enforcement of abattoir standard operating systems (OR = 10.4, 95%CI = 6.0–18.5, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The workers have low knowledge levels, perceptions, and practices toward bTB emergence. These demand the workers’ education on hygienic meat handling to mitigate the menace of the disease. Surveillance and preventive preparedness considering the identified drivers through the ’One Health’ approach are recommended.
A feature selection-based framework to identify biomarkers for cancer diagnosis: A focus on lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abdelwahab Omar , Awad Nourelislam , Elserafy Menattallah , Badr Eman
Published: September 2022

Lung cancer (LC) represents most of the cancer incidences in the world. There are many types of LC, but Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type. Although RNA-seq and microarray data provide a vast amount of gene expression data, most of the genes are insignificant to clinical diagnosis. Feature selection (FS) techniques overcome the high dimensionality and sparsity issues of the large-scale data. We propose a framework that applies an ensemble of feature selection techniques to identify genes highly correlated to LUAD. Utilizing LUAD RNA-seq data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we employed mutual information (MI) and recursive feature elimination (RFE) feature selection techniques along with support vector machine (SVM) classification model. We have also utilized Random Forest (RF) as an embedded FS technique. The results were integrated and candidate biomarker genes across all techniques were identified. The proposed framework has identified 12 potential biomarkers that are highly correlated with different LC types, especially LUAD. A predictive model has been trained utilizing the identified biomarker expression profiling and performance of 97.99% was achieved. In addition, upon performing differential gene expression analysis, we could find that all 12 genes were significantly differentially expressed between normal and LUAD tissues, and strongly correlated with LUAD according to previous reports. We here propose that using multiple feature selection methods effectively reduces the number of identified biomarkers and directly affects their biological relevance.
The interplay between eWOM information and purchase intention on social media: Through the lens of IAM and TAM theory
Authors: Rahaman Md. Atikur , Hassan H. M. Kamrul , Asheq Ahmed Al , Islam K. M. Anwarul
Published: September 2022

The maturity and growth of social media have empowered online customers to generate electronic word of mouth (eWOM), on various online websites and platforms, which may influence an individual’s decision-making process. This paper explores eWOM information’s impact on social media users’ purchase intention by applying the information adoption model (IAM) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). PLS-SEM (SmartPLS V.3.3) has been utilized to test the hypotheses using data of 432 respondents. The research findings evinced that eWOM information quality, credibility, usefulness, and ease of use have been critical in determining online consumers’ intention to adopt eWOM and form purchase behavior on social media. The study’s outcomes offer the marketing managers a viewpoint to realize the significance of the effect of eWOM information on online purchase intention among social media users. Furthermore, the study findings will also enlighten marketing and business managers to utilize social media websites by gauging consumer behavior and focusing on characteristics of eWOM information on social media for better consumer insights.
Risk factors for the prognosis of patients with sepsis in intensive care units
Authors: Gai Xiaowei , Wang Yanan , Gao Dan , Ma Jia , Zhang Caijuan , Wang Qiuyan
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose

To date, sepsis remains the main cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed analyze the risk factors of the prognosis in sepsis patients.

Methods

In this case-control study, patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit of a Chinese hospital between January and November 2020 were analyzed. Ultrasound and clinical data were analyzed and compared between non-survivors and survivors. The ROC curve analysis was also performed to determine the best indicator for predicting mortality.

Results

A total of 72 patients with sepsis in ICU were included for analysis. The basic characteristics between the survivals and non-survivals were similar, except for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score, sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, lactate level, ultrasound parameters from superior mesenteric artery (SMA) such as peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI). Univariate analysis revealed that the APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA score, lactate, low PSV, EDV, and RI were potential risk factors for mortality in sepsis, while multivariate analysis suggested that low PSV was an independent risk factor for mortality, and the adjusted odds ratio was 0.295 (95% CI: 0.094–0.925). The ROC analysis showed that the PSV (AUC = 0.99; sensitivity and specificity were 0.99 and 0.96, respectively) had good predictive value for mortality in sepsis.

Conclusion

Low PSV as found to be an independent risk factor and good predictor for mortality in patients with sepsis. This study shows the promise of ultrasound in predicting mortality in patients with sepsis; however, further studies are needed to validate these results.
Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among farmers
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Emelynne Gabrielly , Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among farmers. Cross-sectional study carried out between 2019 and 2020 with 450 farmers in Rio Grande do Norte. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was evaluated using the Beck Suicidal Ideation Inventory, and sociodemographic, health, income, work and alcohol abuse variables were analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of the outcome between the categories of each variable. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to analyze associated factors and estimate prevalence ratios [PR]. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 12.4% [95%CI 9.69–15.84] and, in the bivariate analysis, it was associated with sociodemographic, health, income and work variables. In the final multivariate model, the variables that remained significant and were associated with a higher prevalence of SI were: female gender [PR = 3.28], diagnosis of mental disorder in the family [PR = 2.37], presence of common mental disorder [PR = 2.50], alcohol abuse [PR = 2.22] and employment relationship–salaried or temporary [R = 1.91]. Thus, suicidal ideation among farmers is mainly associated with health aspects, especially mental health, work and the female sex, and signals the need to strengthen public policies for suicide prevention with the targeting of effective strategies for the farmers.
Validity of smartphone-based retinal photography (PEEK-retina) compared to the standard ophthalmic fundus camera in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy in Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yusuf Ahmed Mohamud , Lusobya Rebecca Claire , Mukisa John , Batte Charles , Nakanjako Damalie , Juliet-Sengeri Otiti
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and is a significant cause of blindness worldwide. In Uganda, the prevalence of diabetes is approximately 2.7% of the urban population and 1% in rural areas. Many diabetics cannot access an eye exam due to the lack of less costly and user-friendly equipment that primary eye workers can use. Smartphone-based fundus photography allows for a cheap and mobile fundus examination. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Portable Eye Examination Kit (PEEK) retina compared to a standard ophthalmic fundus camera (Zeiss Visucam 200) for the diagnosis of DR.

Methods

From January-March 2020, 286 people with diabetes (type 1 & 2) patients were seen at Kiruddu National referral hospital diabetes clinic. All participants had funduscopy with PEEK retina and the standard ophthalmic fundus camera following ophthalmic examination and pupillary dilation. The PEEK retina’s sensitivity, specificity and reliability were determined using an ophthalmic fundus camera as the gold standard.

Results

The participants’ mean age was 51 with a standard deviation of ±11years, 213 (74.5%) were females, and the majority (93.4%) had Type 2 diabetes. The overall Sensitivity of PEEK retina for DR was 84% (95% CI 70.9–83.5), while the specificity was 79.9% (95% CI 76–83.5) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 30.9% (95% CI 23.2–39.4) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.9% (95% CI 95.9–99.1).

Conclusions

PEEK retina has high sensitivity and specificity, making it suitable for screening and diagnostic purposes. Therefore, we recommend the integration of the PEEK retina in the screening and diagnosis of DR in resource-limited settings.
A single-centre study on predictors and determinants of pubertal delay and growth impairment in Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Rodari Giulia , Guez Sophie , Salera Simona , Ulivieri Fabio Massimo , Tadini Gianluca , Brena Michela , Profka Eriselda , Giacchetti Federico , Arosio Maura , Giavoli Claudia
Published: September 2022

Background

Delayed puberty is a possible complication of Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB), though the actual incidence is still unknown. In chronic illnesses delayed puberty should be correctly managed since, if untreated, can have detrimental effects on adult height attainment, peak bone mass achievement and psychological health.

Aims and methods

This is a single-centre study on pubertal development, growth and bone status in EB. Auxological, densitometric (areal Bone Mineral Density-aBMD Z-score, Bone Mineral Apparent Density-BMAD Z-score, Trabecular Bone Score-TBS and Bone Strain Index-BSI at Lumbar spine) and body composition data (Total Body DXA scans) were collected. Disease severity was defined according to Birmingham Epidermolysis Bullosa Severity (BEBS) score.

Results

Twenty-one patients (12 Recessive Dystrophic EB-RDEB, 3 Dominant Dystrophic EB, 3 Junctional EB-JEB, 2 EB Simplex and one Kindler EB) aged 13 years (females) or 14 years (males) and above were enrolled (age 16.2±2.5 years, M/F 11/10). Short stature was highly prevalent (57%, mean height -2.12±2.05 SDS) with 55% patients with height <-2SD their mid-parental height. 7/21 patients (33%, 6 RDEB and 1 JEB) had delayed puberty with a median BEBS of 50 (range 29 to 63), a height SDS of -2.59 SDS (range -5.95 to -2.22) and a median lumbar BMAD Z-score of -4.0 SDS (range -5.42 to -0.63 SDS). Pubertal status was negatively associated with BEBS, skin involvement, inflammatory state and positively with height SDS and BMI SDS.

Conclusions

Pubertal delay is highly prevalent in EB, especially in patients with RDEB and JEB, high severity score and inflammatory state. Moreover, pubertal delay worsens growth impairment and bone health. A study on pubertal induction is ongoing to enlighten possible beneficial effects on adult height attainment and peak bone mass accrual.
Modelling point-of-consumption residual chlorine in humanitarian response: Can cost-sensitive learning improve probabilistic forecasts?
Authors: De Santi Michael , Ali Syed Imran , Arnold Matthew , Fesselet Jean-François , Hyvärinen Anne M. J. , Taylor Dawn , Khan Usman T.
Published: September 2022

Ensuring sufficient free residual chlorine (FRC) up to the time and place water is consumed in refugee settlements is essential for preventing the spread of waterborne illnesses. Water system operators need accurate forecasts of FRC during the household storage period. However, factors that drive FRC decay after water leaves the piped distribution system vary substantially, introducing significant uncertainty when modelling point-of-consumption FRC. Artificial neural network (ANN) ensemble forecasting systems (EFS) can account for this uncertainty by generating probabilistic forecasts of point-of-consumption FRC. ANNs are typically trained using symmetrical error metrics like mean squared error (MSE), but this leads to forecast underdispersion forecasts (the spread of the forecast is smaller than the spread of the observations). This study proposes to solve forecast underdispersion by training an ANN-EFS using cost functions that combine alternative metrics (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, Kling Gupta Efficiency, Index of Agreement) with cost-sensitive learning (inverse FRC weighting, class-based FRC weighting, inverse frequency weighting). The ANN-EFS trained with each cost function was evaluated using water quality data from refugee settlements in Bangladesh and Tanzania by comparing the percent capture, confidence interval reliability diagrams, rank histograms, and the continuous ranked probability. Training the ANN-EFS using the cost functions developed in this study produced up to a 70% improvement in forecast reliability and dispersion compared to the baseline cost function (MSE), with the best performance typically obtained by training the model using Kling-Gupta Efficiency and inverse frequency weighting. Our findings demonstrate that training the ANN-EFS using alternative metrics and cost-sensitive learning can improve the quality of forecasts of point-of-consumption FRC and better account for uncertainty in post-distribution chlorine decay. These techniques can enable humanitarian responders to ensure sufficient FRC more reliably at the point-of-consumption, thereby preventing the spread of waterborne illnesses.
Undressing masculinity: An exploratory study on men’s embodied engagement with underwear
Authors: Clancy Johnathan , Barry Ben
Published: September 2022

This article shares findings from an exploratory study on the relationship between men’s embodied engagement with underwear and their practices of masculinity. Drawing on wardrobe interviews with nine men and object analyses of their underwear, we investigate how men understand the role of underwear in their lives, how they shift their underwear choices in different social contexts and how they experience their bodies through underwear. Our participants developed emotional bonds with their underwear, but their engagements with these items were restricted by gendered social pressures and boundaries. We argue that men use underwear as ‘manhood acts’ to provide themselves with comfort and confidence to navigate everyday life and, ultimately, shore up and affirm hegemonic masculinity. This article contributes to men’s fashion scholarship on underwear by introducing the context of everyday dress practices to the existing focus on branding and advertising images. We encourage researchers to build upon our study on men’s underwear by engaging participants whose demographics expand beyond our sample of primarily heterosexual, cisgender men who were under 35 years of age.
Identification of antinutritional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of plants that cause livestock poisoning in Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Odilia Maria Rosaria , Putri Dhiya Tajhanun Zahra Astika , Rosetyadewi Antasiswa Windraningtyas , Wijayanti Agustina Dwi , Budiyanto Agung , Jadi Arvendi Rachma , Pratama Anggi Muhtar
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: The utilization of cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves from Bojonegoro Regency has led to the poisoning of livestock due to antinutritional factors. Nevertheless, the plants are known to have bioactive components and potential antioxidant and antibacterial activity if appropriately processed. This study aimed to determine the antinutritional compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of these plants responsible for livestock poisoning in the Bojonegoro Regency. Materials and Methods: Extraction was performed by the maceration method using 70% (v/v) ethanol solvent. The samples were analyzed qualitatively to determine the presence of tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, while the antimicrobial activity was assessed by different testing concentrations (125, 250, and 500 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Results: The ethanolic extract of the plants was found to contain antinutritional tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides suspected of causing livestock poisoning. Despite the presence of these antinutrients, all extracts also had antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Cassava peels and sweet potato leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, whereas Chinese Albizia leaves had the most potent antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Cassava leaves and peels, ceara rubber leaves, sweet potato leaves, Chinese Albizia leaves, and lophatheri leaves obtained from Bojonegoro Regency and used as agricultural waste contain antinutritional factors but also possess potentially effective antioxidant and antimicrobial components.
Dinamika fertilitas dan prevalensi kontrasepsi di Indonesia
Authors: Listyaningsih Umi , Satiti Sonyaruri
Published: September 2022

The fertility dynamics are related to the direction of population policies and socio-economic conditions of the community. From the 1970s to 1990, Soeharto had succeeded in reducing fertility rates. Unfortunately, population control had weakened in 2000 when the government adopted regional autonomy. Consequently, population control was no longer a priority due to the merger of institutions with the full authority of population and family planning. In addition, improving the socio-economic conditions of society poses challenges to population control efforts. This paper aims to analyze fertility and contraceptive prevalence rate trend in Indonesia based on the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics. The results indicate socio-economic conditions affect people’s mindset in deciding the use of contraception and pregnancy. People are aware of birth control but tend not to use modern contraception and move to traditional contraception. The socio-economic improvement of women, which causes negative child value, is sufficiently a sufficient condition to maintain or reduce fertility. Other factors such as improvement of maternal education, maternal participation in work, and increased family welfare that is important to keep fertility at a low level.
Strategi adaptasi keluarga pekerja industri garmen di Kabupaten Bogor pada situasi pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Katherina Luh Kitty , Rahadian Angga Siska , Prasetyoputra Puguh , Baskoro Andhika Ajie
Published: September 2022

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the garment sector had the best performance globally, especially in Asia. In Indonesia, the industry provides employment, especially for women. However, the pandemic adversely impacted the garment industry and its workers. This paper aims to explore the adaptation strategies carried out by families of garment workers by employing a subset of the 2021 Family and Community Resilience Survey by the Research Center for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). The subsample comprises 100 families of garment industry workers residing in Bogor Regency. The results suggest that 89% of respondents stated that they were experiencing economic problems due to the pandemic. Moreover, these workers are vulnerable due to their employment status, predominantly contract and non-routine employees (26%) and they do not have savings and assets. Several activities were reported as part of their adaptive strategies in coping with economic stressors, namely changing their lifestyle (77.5%), changing family consumption (58%), and seeking loans from relatives (55%). Furthermore, 90% of workers reported not receiving salary subsidy programs. Therefore, the government needs to pay more attention to workers who are vulnerable to being heavily affected by the pandemic and should incorporate these findings in future social protection programs.
Tren COVID-19 dan pembatasan mobilitas penduduk
Authors: Romdiati Haning , Noveria Mita
Published: September 2022

The Indonesian government has imposed policies of restricting population mobility to control COVID-19 transmission. Several population mobility regulations have been implemented, which were heavily affected by fluctuation in COVID-19 positive cases. This paper discusses trends in population mobility due to various policies related to population mobility restriction, nationally and locally. Analyses were based on secondary data, including population mobility restriction policies and trends in the number of COVID-19 cases since the government has formally declared the peak of the second wive at mid-2021. Data on the number of airplane passengers departing from and arriving at Soekarno-Hatta airport from March 2020 to August 2021 was also used. The results of the analysis show that the trend of passengers’ mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic was influenced by government policy on transportation, referring to the fluctuation of the daily number of positively confirmed COVID-19 cases. In the case of increasing of the positive cases, the government issued a policy on tightening aircraft passenger requirements which resulted in a decreasing number of passengers, and vice versa. Currently, the increase in COVID-19 cases shows the sloping trend, but efforts to control its transmission, including population mobility restriction, must still be carried out.
PAGEBLUG DAN PERILAKU IRASIONAL DI VORSTENLANDEN ABAD XIX
Authors: Priyatmoko Heri , Kurniawan Hendra
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the events of the pageblug in Vorstenlanden or the royal domain in the nineteenth century using the perspective of local history. With historical method, it is known that pageblug is a miserable condition caused by an epidemic such as cholera which takes many lives and causes panic in the community. In the realm of irrational thought, pageblug is understood to be the work of Satan and Nyai Ratu Kidul. Whereas in logical thinking at the time, the plague was triggered by prolonged dry season changes, not the healthy behavior of the people. Residents respond to the pageblug with various irrational actions, such as bathing and drinking pool water which is used by the king to bathe. They also believe in cholera drug made from grass puzzles given by Sunan Lawu. With the knowledge of titen or empirical experience proving them natural elements can drive the pageblug, without having to go to a doctor who is very few in the nineteenth century.ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peristiwa pageblug di Vorstenlanden atau wilayah kekuasaan kerajaan pada abad XIX dengan memakai perspektif sejarah lokal. Dengan metode sejarah, diketahui bahwa pageblug adalah kondisi nestapa yang disebabkan oleh wabah penyakit seperti kolera yang memakan banyak korban jiwa dan menimbulkan kepanikan di tengah masyarakat. Dalam alam pemikiran irasional, pageblug dipahami sebagai ulah setan dan Nyai Ratu Kidul. Sedangkan dalam pemikiran logis kala itu, wabah dipicu oleh perubahan musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan, belum mengemuka perkara perilaku sehat masyarakat. Penduduk menyikapi pageblug dengan aneka tindakan irasional, misalnya mandi dan minum air kolam yang dipakai mandi oleh raja. Mereka juga mempercayai obat kolera berbahan rumput teki yang diberikan oleh Sunan Lawu. Dengan ilmu titen atau pengalaman empiris tersebut, mereka membuktikan bahwa unsur alam itu dapat menghalau pageblug, tanpa harus pergi ke dokter yang jumlahnya terbatas di abad XIX.
El lado oscuro de internet. ¿Predice el cyberbullying la participación en sexting?
Authors:   Departamento de Educación, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, España, Giménez-Gualdo Ana Mª , Sánchez-Romero Elisa I. ,   Facultad de Educación, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, España, Torregrosa Díez Mª Soledad ,   Departamento de Orientación, CEIP Candalix, Alicante, España
Published: September 2022

Introducción/Objetivos: En los últimos años, se constata la extensión entre la población infanto-juvenil del cyberbullying y el sexting. La presente investigación tiene los objetivos de (1) identificar las prácticas de cyberbullying y sexting entre adolescentes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, por rol de participación; y su relación con el sexo, la edad, el ciclo educativo y la autoestima; y (2) identificar el poder predictivo de los roles en cyberbullying y la autoestima sobre las dinámicas de sexting. Método: Se llevó a cabo un diseño ex post facto retrospectivo de grupo único. Participaron 954 estudiantes (50.4% chicos), entre los 12 y 18 años (M = 13.71; DT = 1.31). Se utilizaron el ECIP-Q y el Sex and Tech para evaluar las prácticas de cyberbullying y sexting y la Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale para la autoestima. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ciberagresión y sexting (envío de mensajes) en función del sexo, con puntuaciones mayores en los chicos. La cibervictimización y la autoestima resultaron explicativas del sexting cuando los adolescentes están presionados a mandar mensajes, mientras que la ciberagresión resultó explicativa del sexting sin presión social. Conclusiones: Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de considerar ambas realidades en intervenciones educativas en la etapa escolar.
PERBANDINGAN MARITAL ATTITUDES ANTARA DEWASA MUDA DARI KELUARGA UTUH DAN BERCERAI
Authors: Nabila Nabila , Aditya Yonathan
Published: September 2022

Angka perceraian di Indonesia terus meningkat setiap tahunnya dan semakin banyak anak-anak yang terpengaruhi oleh perceraian orang tua mereka. Banyak penelitian berusaha memahami dampak perceraian terhadap anak-anak ini ketika mereka tumbuh dewasa, terutama pengaruh perceraian orang tua terhadap marital attitudes yang dimiliki oleh dewasa muda. Namun, hasil penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya terkait efek perceraian orang tua terhadap marital attitudes yang dimiliki oleh dewasa muda masih belum jelas. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur keluarga tidak terkait dengan marital attitudes dan penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi yang signifikan antara struktur keluarga dan marital attitudes. Oleh karena itu, studi ini ditujukan untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan marital attitudes yang signifikan antara dewasa muda dari keluarga utuh dan bercerai. Penelitian ini melibatkan 120 partisipan dewasa muda yang berasal dari keluarga utuh dan bercerai yang dipilih dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan merupakan studi diferensial. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Marital Attitude Scale (MAS). Hasil menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan marital attitudes  yang signifikan antara dewasa muda dari keluarga utuh dan bercerai  (t(120) = 2.15, p<.05). Penemuan lain yang berkaitan dengan variabel penelitian juga  didiskusikan dalam studi ini.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA RELIGIUSITAS DAN KECEMASAN TERHADAP KEMATIAN PADA PENGIDAP KANKER DI KOMUNITAS CISC SULUH HATI SEMARANG
Authors: Hermawan Enricko Bagas , Dinardinata Adi
Published: September 2022

Tingkatan kecemasan terhadap kematian pada seseorang dapat meningkat jika individu mengalami stres atau sebuah ancaman, seperti masalah kesehatan atau penyakit. Kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memiliki jumlah kematian tertinggi, sedangkan landasan penelitian penanganan non medis yang salah satunya fokus pada apakah religiusitas berhubungan dengan kecemasan terhadap kematian masih belum jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kedua variabel yaitu religiusitas dan kecemasan terhadap kematian pada pengidap kanker di Komunitas CISC Suluh Hati Semarang. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah pengidap kanker yang merupakan angggota komunitas CISC Suluh Hati Semarang yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan data diambil dengan menggunakan skala Religiusitas (29 aitem, α = 0,927) dan Skala Kecemasan terhadap Kematian (25 aitem, α = 0,932). Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara religiusitas dan kecemasan terhadap kematian pada pengidap kanker di Komunitas CISC Suluh Hati Semarang ( = -0,595 dan p = 0,000). Hubungan negatif antara kedua variabel memiliki arti bahwa semakin tinggi religiusitas maka semakin rendah kecemasan terhadap kematian.
Pembuatan Nanosilika dari Abu Sekam Padi pada Variasi pH Sol Gel
Authors: Evan Evan , Pardoyo Pardoyo , Darmawan Adi
Published: September 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh variasi pH sol gel terhadap karakter nanosilika yang disintesis dari abu sekam padi. Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh silika berukuran nano dari abu sekam padi, menentukan pengaruh variasi pH sol gel terhadap nanosilika yang dihasilkan serta pH optimum dalam pembentukan nanosilika. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi silika dan sintesis nanosilika dengan variasi pH sol gel pada pH 9, pH 7, dan pH 5. Produk sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX. Hasil menunjukkan nanosilika yang diperoleh berbentuk amorf dengan ukuran morfologi permukaan 40 nm sampai 100 nm pada pH 5 dan pH 9, serta 40 nm sampai 85 nm pada pH 7. Gugus Si-O-Si dan Si-OH ditemukan pada beberapa bilangan gelombang spesifik. Rasio gugus Si-OH/Si-O-Si untuk pH 5, pH 7, dan pH 9 masing-masing sebesar 4,18, 5,36, dan 3,96. pH optimum dalam pembentukan nanosilika didapatkan pada pH 7, jumlah produk terbanyak diperoleh pada pH 5 sedangkan kandungan Si terbanyak pada pH 9.
Pengaruh Gerhana Matahari Cincin 26 Desember 2019 Terhadap Pasang Surut, Studi Kasus: Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Puspitasari Shastya Addienda , Atmodjo Warsito , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo , Indrayanti Elis , Handoyo Gentur
Published: September 2022

Pasang surut dibangkitkan secara primer oleh gaya gravitasi antara bumi dengan bulan dan matahari. Matahari berperan penting dalam membangkitkan pasang surut air laut. maka dari itu, pengaruh gerhana matahari cincin 26 Desember 2019 terhadap pasang surut di analisis dari stasiun pengukur pasang surut dengan interval waktu satu jam dari Badan Informasi Geospasial. Perairan Semarang (Jawa Tengah) dipilih untuk mengamati dampak gerhana matahari cincin yang merupakan jalur lintas tidak langsung dari gerhana matahari cincin. Data pasang surut diolah dengan dua metode yaitu metode admiralty dan metode least square selama 2 periode untuk membandingkan data elevasi pada periode sebelum terjadinya gerhana matahari cincin yaitu tanggal 11 November 2019 – 10 Desember 2019 dan periode saat terjadinya gerhana matahari cincin yaitu tanggal 11 Desember 2019 – 09 Januari 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen pembangkit pasang surut saat terjadi gerhana matahari cincin adalah komponen J1 dengan nilai signifikan senilai 0.865 ; ETA2 dengan nilai signifikan senilai 0.024 ; 3MK7 dengan nilai signifikan senilai 0,087 ; M8 memiliki nilai signifikan senilai 0,021. Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada saat gerhana matahari berpengaruh terhadap elevasi kedudukan muka laut dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.012 dan pengaruh terhadap nilai formzahl dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.02 dimana H0 < 0.025.
Analisis Longshore Current dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Transpor Sedimen Dasar di Perairan Teluk Awur, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kristanto Ory , Ismanto Aris , Satriadi Alfi , Setiyono Heryoso , Atmodjo Warsito
Published: September 2022

Gelombang pecah di perairan dapat membangkitkan longshore current yang mengangkut partikel sedimen di pesisir pantai dan hal ini bisa menyebabkan terjadinya erosi di sekitaran pantai Perairan Teluk Awur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis arah dan kecepatan dari arus sejajar pantai dan pengaruhnya terhadap transport sedimen dasar di Perairan Teluk Awur. Metode yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan untuk peramalan gelombang menggunakan metode SMB (Sverdrup Munk Bretsceneider) dengan inputan data angin dari Desember 2010 – November 2020 memakai aplikasi easywave yang kemudian nilai transport sedimen dihitung dengan rumus empiris yang didapat dari pengaruh gelombang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan tinggi gelombang pecah (Hb) berkisar antara 0,10 – 0,58 meter dengan kedalaman gelombang pecah (db) berkisar antara 0,09 – 0,52 meter. Kecepatan longshore current di Perairan Teluk Awur berkisar 0,54 – 1,31 m/s dengan arah arus dari utara menuju selatan menyusuri pantai. Dominasi jenis sedimennya adalah pasir, dengan potensi angkutan sedimen berkisar 1.307,19 – 48.936,73 m3/tahun atau3,58 – 134,06 m3/ hari.
Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Sedimen Dasar di Perairan Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang
Authors: Nugraha Putra Muhammad Dicky , Widada Sugeng , Atmodjo Warsito
Published: September 2022

Padatnya aktifitas industri pada suatu wilayah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran logam berat. Salah satu jenis logam berat tersebut adalah timbal (Pb). Logam berat Pb di suatu perairan umumnya berasal dari aktifitas transportasi, dimana hal tersebut terkandung dalam bahan bakar sebagai anti pemecah minyak yang kemudian di lepaskan ke atmosfir melalui alat pembuangan asap yang kemudian terlarut dalam laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar konsentrasi logam berat Pb dan keterkaitannya dengan sedimen dasar di Perairan Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh nilai konsentrasi logam berat tertinggi sebesar 31,35 ppm dan konsentrasi logam berat di sedimen nilainya sangat dipengaruhi oleh ukuran butir sedimen, Kata kunci: Logam Berat, Pb (Timbal), Sedimen Dasar, Banjir Kanal Timur, Semarang The density of industrial activity in an area is possible to make heavy metal pollution, which one of it is lead (Pb). One type of heavy metal is lead (Pb). Heavy metal Pb in waters generally comes from transportation activities, where it is contained in fuel as an anti-oil breaker which is then released into the atmosphere through a smoke exhaust device which is then dissolved in the sea. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the concentration of heavy metal Pb and its correlation with sediment base in Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang. Based on the research that has been done, the highest value of heavy metal concentration is 31.35 ppm and the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment is strongly influenced by the grain size of the sediment. Keywords: Heavy Metal, Pb (lead), Sediment Base, Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang
EFEKTIVITAS INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) RUMAH SAKIT UMUM ROEMANI MUHAMMADIYAH SEMARANG
Authors: Baeti Mitha Karunia , Raharjo Mursid , Yunita Dewanti Nikie Astorina , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Published: September 2022

The waste management at the Roemani Muhammadiyah General Hospital Semarang uses anaerobic technology with the DEWATS (Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System) system whose outlet test results for COD, BOD and Coliform bacteria are still above the specified quality standards. This study aimed to evaluate aspects of fluid waste management and management, whether it follows existing liquid waste management regulations, and determine the effectiveness of wastewater treatment at Roemani Muhammadiyah General Hospital Semarang. This type of research was a mixed-method with a concurrent triangulation strategy; the research was supported by quantitative data carried out descriptively. The results of the management aspect of the Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang is following the regulation of the Minister of Health No. 7 of 2019 concerning Hospital Environmental Health. While liquid waste management is still not following existing laws. Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang has been efficient in reducing TSS, BOD, COD and NH3 while for the parameters of Colifom bacteria, WWTP Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang is still not efficient in reducing the parameters of Colifom bacteria. Therefore, it is hoped that the hospital will pay more attention to waste water quality, especially that produced by each health service agency.