bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The deubiquitinase USP7 and E3 ligase TRIM21 regulate vasculogenic mimicry and malignant progression of RMS by balancing SNAI2 homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Ruyue , Zhang Daidi , Han Fugen , Song Xiaorui , Zhang Yaodong , Zhang Jie , Zhu Qingwen , Qin Yanru
Published: May 2024

Background

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy and the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a novel tumor microcirculation model different from traditional tumor angiogenesis, which does not rely on endothelial cells to provide sufficient blood supply for tumor growth. In recent years, VM has been confirmed to be closely associated with tumor progression. However, the ability of RMS to form VM has not yet been reported.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and western blot were used to test the expression level of SNAI2 and its clinical significance. The biological function in regulating vasculogenic mimicry and malignant progression of SNAI2 was examined both in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometry, co-immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and ubiquitin assays were performed to explore the regulatory mechanism of SNAI2.

Results

Our study indicated that SNAI2 was abnormally expressed in patients with RMS and RMS cell lines and promoted the proliferation and metastasis of RMS. Through cell tubule formation experiments, nude mice Matrigel plug experiments, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we confirmed that RMS can form VM and that SNAI2 promotes the formation of VM. Due to SNAI2 is a transcription factor that is not easily drugged, we used Co-IP combined with mass spectrometry to screen for the SNAI2-binding protein USP7 and TRIM21. USP7 depletion inhibited RMS VM formation, proliferation and metastasis by promoting SNAI2 degradation. We further demonstrated that TRIM21 is expressed at low levels in human RMS tissues and inhibits VM in RMS cells. TRIM21 promotes SNAI2 protein degradation through ubiquitination in the RMS. The deubiquitinase USP7 and E3 ligase TRIM21 function in an antagonistic rather than competitive mode and play a key role in controlling the stability of SNAI2 to determine the VM formation and progression of RMS.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which USP7 and TRIM21 balance the level of SNAI2 ubiquitination, determining RMS vasculogenic mimicry, proliferation, and migration. This new mechanism may provide new targeted therapies to inhibit the development of RMS by restoring TRIM21 expression or inhibiting USP7 expression in RMS patients with high SNAI2 protein levels.
Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16–18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics
Authors: James Kirsty , Lisk Stephen , Payne-Cook Chloe , Farishta Zamena , Farrelly Maria , Sheikh Ayesha , Slusarczyk Monika , Byford Sarah , Day Crispin , Deighton Jessica , Evans Claire , Fonagy Peter , Saunders David , Sclare Irene , Shearer James , Stallard Paul , Weaver Timothy , Yarrum Jynna , Carter Ben , Brown June S. L.
Published: May 2024

Background

The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16–18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.

Method

We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022. Schools were randomised to receive either the DISCOVER day-long Stress workshop or treatment as usual which included signposting information. Participants will be followed up for 6 months with outcome data collection at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post randomisation.

Results

Schools were recruited from a geographically and ethnically diverse sample across England. To reduce stigma, students were invited to self-refer into the study if they wanted help for stress. Their mean age was 17.2 (SD = 0.6), 641 (71%) were female and 411 (45.6%) were from ethnic minority groups. The general wellbeing of our sample measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) found 314 (35%) of students exhibited symptoms of depression at baseline. Eighty percent of students reported low wellbeing on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) suggesting that although the overall sample mean is below the cut-off for depression, the self-referral approach used in this study supports distressed students in coming forward.

Conclusion

The BESST study will continue to follow up participants to collect outcome data and results will be analysed once all the data have been collected.

Trial registration

ISRCTN registry ISRCTN90912799. Registered on 28 May 2020.
Mayaro virus, a potential threat for Europe: vector competence of autochthonous vector species
Authors: Brustolin Marco , Bartholomeeusen Koen , Rezende Tatiana , Ariën Kevin K. , Müller Ruth
Published: May 2024

Background

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging alphavirus, primarily transmitted by the mosquito Haemagogus janthinomys in Central and South America. However, recent studies have shown that Aedesaegypti, Aedesalbopictus and various Anopheles mosquitoes can also transmit the virus under laboratory conditions. MAYV causes sporadic outbreaks across the South American region, particularly in areas near forests. Recently, cases have been reported in European and North American travelers returning from endemic areas, raising concerns about potential introductions into new regions. This study aims to assess the vector competence of three potential vectors for MAYV present in Europe.

Methods

Aedesalbopictus from Italy, Anophelesatroparvus from Spain and Culexpipiens biotype molestus from Belgium were exposed to MAYV and maintained under controlled environmental conditions. Saliva was collected through a salivation assay at 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), followed by vector dissection. Viral titers were determined using focus forming assays, and infection rates, dissemination rates, and transmission efficiency were calculated.

Results

Results indicate that Ae.albopictus and An.atroparvus from Italy and Spain, respectively, are competent vectors for MAYV, with transmission possible starting from 7 dpi under laboratory conditions. In contrast, Cx.pipiens bioform molestus was unable to support MAYV infection, indicating its inability to contribute to the transmission cycle.

Conclusions

In the event of accidental MAYV introduction in European territories, autochthonous outbreaks could potentially be sustained by two European species: Ae.albopictus and An.atroparvus. Entomological surveillance should also consider certain Anopheles species when monitoring MAYV transmission.

Graphical abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity significantly impacts on the severity of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Ito Yuhei , Ichikawa Yasutaka , Murashima Shuichi , Sakuma Hajime , Nakajima Ayako
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related interstitial lung disease (ILD) impacts on the treatment strategy and its prognosis in patients with RA. However, the relationship between RA disease activity and the severity of comorbid ILD has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of RA disease activity on the severity of comorbid ILD in detail based on currently established visual scoring method along with physiological severity.

Methods

Consecutive patients with RA visiting to our Rheumatology Centre between December 2020 and December 2023 were analysed. The radiological severity of ILD was evaluated by averaging the extent of the combined lesion of ground glass opacity, reticulation and honeycombing in 5% increments in six representative high-resolution computed tomography slices ranging from 0% (no involvement) to 100% (all lung fields affected) according to Goh and Walsh’s method. Associations between the radiological and physiological severity of ILD and patients’ features were investigated using linear regression analysis.

Results

Among 124 patients (32 men, 92 women), the median age was 70 years, and the median disease duration was 2.92 years. Radiological severity of ILD was 0% (without ILD) in 107 (86.2%), ILD with extent < 10% in nine (7.2%), ILD with extent ≥10% and < 20% in three (2.4%), ILD with extent ≥20% in five (4.0%). Both disease activity score (DAS)28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (standardized coefficient = 0.199, P = 0.03) and rheumatoid factor titre (standardized coefficient = 0.247, P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the radiological quantitative severity of ILD in multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, smoking status and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody titre. DAS28-ESR was significantly associated with forced vital capacity% predicted (standardized coefficient = -0.230, P = 0.047).

Conclusions

Disease activity of RA was significantly associated with the severity of RA-ILD both radiologically and physiologically.
Clinical validity of the Italian adaptation of the Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Test Battery (I-UDSNB) in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Conca Francesca , Esposito Valentina , Catricalà Eleonora , Manenti Rosa , L’Abbate Federica , Quaranta Davide , Giuffrè Guido Maria , Rossetto Federica , Solca Federica , Orso Beatrice , Inguscio Emanuela , Crepaldi Valeria , De Matteis Maddalena , Rotondo Emanuela , Manera Marina , Caruso Giulia , Catania Valentina , Canu Elisa , Rundo Francesco , Cotta Ramusino Matteo , Filippi Massimo , Fundarò Cira , Piras Federica , Arighi Andrea , Tiraboschi Pietro , Stanzani Maserati Michelangelo , Pardini Matteo , Poletti Barbara , Silani Vincenzo , Marra Camillo , Di Tella Sonia , Cotelli Maria , Lodi Raffaele , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Cappa Stefano Francesco
Published: May 2024

Background

The identification and staging of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) represent a challenge, especially in the prodromal stage of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), when cognitive changes can be subtle. Worldwide efforts were dedicated to select and harmonize available neuropsychological instruments. In Italy, the Italian Network of Neuroscience and Neuro-Rehabilitation has promoted the adaptation of the Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Test Battery (I-UDSNB), collecting normative data from 433 healthy controls (HC).

Here, we aimed to explore the ability of I-UDSNB to differentiate between a) MCI and HC, b) AD and HC, c) MCI and AD.

Methods

One hundred thirty-seven patients (65 MCI, 72 AD) diagnosed after clinical-neuropsychological assessment, and 137 HC were included. We compared the I-UDSNB scores between a) MCI and HC, b) AD and HC, c) MCI and AD, with t-tests. To identify the test(s) most capable of differentiating between groups, significant scores were entered in binary logistic and in stepwise regressions, and then in Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analyses.

Results

Two episodic memory tests (Craft Story and Five Words test) differentiated MCI from HC subjects; Five Words test, Semantic Fluency (vegetables), and TMT-part B differentiated AD from, respectively, HC and MCI.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the I-UDSNB is a suitable tool for the harmonized and concise assessment of patients with cognitive decline, showing high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MCI and AD.
An adversarial environment reinforcement learning-driven intrusion detection algorithm for Internet of Things
Authors: Mahjoub Chahira , Hamdi Monia , Alkanhel Reem Ibrahim , Mohamed Safa , Ejbali Ridha
Published: May 2024

The increasing prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has made them attractive targets for malicious actors. To address the evolving threats and the growing complexity of detection, there is a critical need to search for and develop new algorithms that are fast and robust in detecting and classifying dangerous network traffic. In this context, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is gaining recognition as a prospective solution in numerous fields as it enables autonomous agents to cooperate with their environment for decision-making without relying on human experts. This article presents an innovative approach to intrusion detection in IoT systems using an adversarial reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm known for its exceptional predictive capabilities. The predictive process relies on a classifier, implemented as a streamlined and highly efficient neural network. Embedded within this classifier is a policy function meticulously trained using an innovative RL model. Importantly, this model ensures that the environment’s behavior is dynamically fine-tuned simultaneously with the learning process, improving the overall effectiveness of the intrusion detection approach. The efficiency of our proposal was assessed using the Bot-IoT database, consisting of a mixture of legitimate IoT network traffic and simulated attack scenarios. Our scheme shows superior performance compared to existing ones. Therefore, our approach to IoT intrusion detection can be considered a valuable alternative to existing methods, capable of significantly improving the IoT systems’ security.
Energy efficiency as a driver of the circular economy and carbon neutrality in selected countries of Southern Europe: a soft computing approach
Authors: Ramčilović Jesih Alma , Šimić Goran , Konatar Ljubiša , Brljak Zoran , Šprajc Polona
Published: May 2024

Background

The main goal of the paper is to define the level of energy efficiency in the economies of selected countries in the Balkan region that have opted for the EU Green Deal, a circular economy, and a transition to carbon neutrality. Energy efficiency, as a determinant of carbon neutrality, was selected as an indicator for analysis because it records particularly unfavorable indicators in the region under observation. The research was carried out on a sample of seven Balkan countries and their surrounding areas. An initial qualitative analysis was followed by a quantitative analysis based on a combination of statistical methods and soft computing. Six indicators were selected for the analysis covering a period of 30 years (1990–2020).

Results

A significant obstacle to the green transition and the region’s transition to a circular economy and carbon neutrality is energy efficiency and energy related pollution—the reliance of most countries on coal-fired thermal power plants for electricity generation. The research results showed the following: (a) the degree of economic development and membership in the European Union are not significantly related to the level of energy efficiency; (b) most of the sampled countries are in the initial stages of introducing activities to achieve carbon neutrality; and (c) only Slovenia has documented consistent indicators and evident advancements in its efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. Based on the research findings, proposals for improvements were made in the direction of policymaking and in a methodological sense.

Conclusions

The implementation of circularity and carbon neutrality as a long-term goal of the European Union is not necessarily related to the level of economic development, nor can its trajectory be exclusively ascertained by means of data processing and monitoring. A more precise understanding of a carbon-neutral future can be achieved through the incorporation of qualitative data to a greater extent, a realistic evaluation of historical facts and their repercussions, as well as projections of the effects that reality and global developments after 2022 will have on each country.
Nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery
Authors: Fan Yunping , Yang Tingjun , Liu Yuhan , Gan Haibin , Li Xiaohua , Luo Yanrong , Yang Xuping , Pang Qianyun
Published: May 2024

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) after orthopedic surgery in elderly patients and establish an individualized nomogram to predict the risk of POD.

Methods

The data of 1011 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors. Stepwise regression was conducted to screen risk factors to construct a nomogram to predict the risk of POD after orthopedic surgery in elderly individuals, and nomogram validation analyses were performed.

Results

The logistic regression results showed that age (≥ 75 years old vs. < 75 years old; odds ratio (OR) = 2.889; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.149, 7.264), sex (male vs. female, OR = 2.368; 95% CI, 1.066, 5.261), and preoperative cognitive impairment (yes vs. no, OR = 13.587; 95% CI, 4.360, 42.338) were independent risk factors for POD in elderly patients who underwent orthopedic surgery (P < 0.05). A nomogram was constructed using 7 risk factors, i.e., age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, sex, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), preoperative pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment, and intraoperative infusion volume. The area under the curve (AUC) showed good discrimination (0.867), the slope of the calibration curve was 1.0, and the optimal net benefit of the nomogram from the decision curve analysis (DCA) was 0.01–0.58.

Conclusion

This study used 7 risk factors to construct a nomogram to predict the risk of POD after major orthopedic surgery in elderly individuals, and the nomogram had good discrimination ability, accuracy, and clinical practicability.
Insights into the abundance, expression and diversity of key denitrification genes in an ecologically managed greenhouse agricultural soil
Authors: Hernández Maqueda R. , Ballesteros I. , Meca D. , Linacero R. , del Moral F.
Published: May 2024

Understanding the bacteria associated with nitrification and denitrification is crucial for comprehending the processes that lead to nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural greenhouse soils. Therefore, it is important to determine their abundance and expression to gain insight into these processes.

The aim of this study was to explore the bacterial communities associated with denitrification in a greenhouse agricultural soil amended with crop residues and manure for six years. For this purpose, we proceeded to detect and quantify the genes nirK and nirS and the gene nosZ through clone library construction, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Sequence analysis based on the clone library revealed that many of the nirS or nirK genes detected were not closely related to known denitrifier bacteria, but some of the nosZ sequences were related to the genera such as Pseudomonas, Halomonas, and Marinobacter. Furthermore, the qPCR revealed a high abundance of DNA copies in nirK, 6.08 × 109 ± 1.16 × 109, while nirS and nosZ showed lower values, 9.05 × 106 ± 1.65 × 106 and 8.71 × 106 ± 1.44 × 106, respectively. However, the highest expression rate was observed for nirS (mRNA/DNA ratio = 3.10 × 10− 3), while nirK and nosZ showed 10-fold lower expression rates (4.4 × 10− 4 and 3.5 × 10− 4, respectively). The results of this work provide a preliminary overview of the diversity, abundance and expression of key genes associated with the denitrification process in this type of soil and are a starting point for further studies to understand how this type of soil management can influence the denitrification process.
Homoharringtonine: updated insights into its efficacy in hematological malignancies, diverse cancers and other biomedical applications
Authors: Khatua Somanjana , Nandi Sudeshna , Nag Anish , Sen Surjit , Chakraborty Nilanjan , Naskar Arghya , Gürer Eda Sönmez , Calina Daniela , Acharya Krishnendu , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: May 2024

HHT has emerged as a notable compound in the realm of cancer treatment, particularly for hematological malignancies. Its multifaceted pharmacological properties extend beyond traditional applications, warranting an extensive review of its mechanisms and efficacy. This review aims to synthesize comprehensive insights into the efficacy of HHT in treating hematological malignancies, diverse cancers, and other biomedical applications. It focuses on elucidating the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and broader applications of HHT. A comprehensive search for peer-reviewed papers was conducted across various academic databases, including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, American Chemical Society, Google Scholar, PubMed/MedLine, and Wiley. The review highlights HHT's diverse mechanisms of action, ranging from its role in leukemia treatment to its emerging applications in managing other cancers and various biomedical conditions. It underscores HHT's influence on cellular processes, its efficacy in clinical settings, and its potential to alter pathological pathways. HHT demonstrates significant promise in treating various hematological malignancies and cancers, offering a multifaceted approach to disease management. Its ability to impact various physiological pathways opens new avenues for therapeutic applications. This review provides a consolidated foundation for future research and clinical applications of HHT in diverse medical fields.
Xai-driven knowledge distillation of large language models for efficient deployment on low-resource devices
Authors: Cantini Riccardo , Orsino Alessio , Talia Domenico
Published: May 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) are characterized by their inherent memory inefficiency and compute-intensive nature, making them impractical to run on low-resource devices and hindering their applicability in edge AI contexts. To address this issue, Knowledge Distillation approaches have been adopted to transfer knowledge from a complex model, referred to as the teacher, to a more compact, computationally efficient one, known as the student. The aim is to retain the performance of the original model while substantially reducing computational requirements. However, traditional knowledge distillation methods may struggle to effectively transfer crucial explainable knowledge from an LLM teacher to the student, potentially leading to explanation inconsistencies and decreased performance. This paper presents DiXtill, a method based on a novel approach to distilling knowledge from LLMs into lightweight neural architectures. The main idea is to leverage local explanations provided by an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) method to guide the cross-architecture distillation of a teacher LLM into a self-explainable student, specifically a bi-directional LSTM network.Experimental results show that our XAI-driven distillation method allows the teacher explanations to be effectively transferred to the student, resulting in better agreement compared to classical distillation methods,thus enhancing the student interpretability. Furthermore, it enables the student to achieve comparable performance to the teacher LLM while also delivering a significantly higher compression ratio and speedup compared to other techniques such as post-training quantization and pruning, which paves the way for more efficient and sustainable edge AI applications
Establishment of primary prostate epithelial and tumorigenic cell lines using a non-viral immortalization approach
Authors: Lange Simon , Kuntze Anna , Wüstmann Neele , Reckers Theresa , Humberg Verena , Dirks Wilhelm G. , Huss Sebastian , Vieler Julia , Schrader Andres Jan , Bögemann Martin , Schlack Katrin , Bernemann Christof
Published: May 2024

Background

Research on prostate cancer is mostly performed using cell lines derived from metastatic disease, not reflecting stages of tumor initiation or early progression. Establishment of cancer cell lines derived from the primary tumor site has not been described so far. By definition, cancer cells are able to be cultured indefinitely, whereas normal epithelial cells undergo senescence in vitro. Epithelial cells can be immortalized, accomplished by using viral integration of immortalization factors. Viral approaches, however, might be impaired by regulatory and safety issues as well as random integration into regulatory genetic elements, modifying precise gene expression. We intend to use surgical specimen of prostate cancer patients to (i) prove for establishment of cancer cell lines, and (ii) perform non-viral, Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase-based immortalization of prostate epithelial cells.

Methods

Radical prostatectomy samples of prostate cancer patients (n = 4) were dissociated and cultured in vitro. Cells were cultivated either without or after non-viral, Sleeping-Beauty transposase-based stable transfection with immortalization factors SV40LT and hTERT. Established cell lines were analyzed in vitro and in vivo for characteristics of prostate (cancer) cells.

Results

Initial cell cultures without genetic manipulation underwent senescence within ≤ 15 passages, demonstrating inability to successfully derive primary prostate cancer cell lines. By using SB transposase-based integration of immortalization factors, we were able to establish primary prostate cell lines. Three out of four cell lines displayed epithelial characteristics, however without expression of prostate (cancer) characteristics, e.g., androgen receptor. In vivo, one cell line exhibited tumorigenic potential, yet characteristics of prostate adenocarcinoma were absent.

Conclusion

Whereas no primary prostate cancer cell line could be established, we provide for the first-time immortalization of primary prostate cells using the SB transposase system, thereby preventing regulatory and molecular issues based on viral immortalization approaches. Although, none of the newly derived cell lines demonstrated prostate cancer characteristics, tumor formation was observed in one cell line. Given the non-prostate adenocarcinoma properties of the tumor, cells have presumably undergone oncogenic transformation rather than prostate cancer differentiation. Still, these cell lines might be used as a tool for research on prostate cancer initiation and early cancer progression.
EEG source imaging of hand movement-related areas: an evaluation of the reconstruction and classification accuracy with optimized channels
Authors: Soler Andres , Giraldo Eduardo , Molinas Marta
Published: May 2024

The hand motor activity can be identified and converted into commands for controlling machines through a brain-computer interface (BCI) system. Electroencephalography (EEG) based BCI systems employ electrodes to measure the electrical brain activity projected at the scalp and discern patterns. However, the volume conduction problem attenuates the electric potential from the brain to the scalp and introduces spatial mixing to the signals. EEG source imaging (ESI) techniques can be applied to alleviate these issues and enhance the spatial segregation of information. Despite this potential solution, the use of ESI has not been extensively applied in BCI systems, largely due to accuracy concerns over reconstruction accuracy when using low-density EEG (ldEEG), which is commonly used in BCIs. To overcome these accuracy issues in low channel counts, recent studies have proposed reducing the number of EEG channels based on optimized channel selection. This work presents an evaluation of the spatial and temporal accuracy of ESI when applying optimized channel selection towards ldEEG number of channels. For this, a simulation study of source activity related to hand movement has been performed using as a starting point an EEG system with 339 channels. The results obtained after optimization show that the activity in the concerned areas can be retrieved with a spatial accuracy of 3.99, 10.69, and 14.29 mm (localization error) when using 32, 16, and 8 channel counts respectively. In addition, the use of optimally selected electrodes has been validated in a motor imagery classification task, obtaining a higher classification performance when using 16 optimally selected channels than 32 typical electrode distributions under 10–10 system, and obtaining higher classification performance when combining ESI methods with the optimal selected channels.
Comparative investigation on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of walnut kernel from different drying methods
Authors: Qingyang Li , Shuting Wang , Ruohui Wang , Danyu Shen , Runhong Mo , Fubin Tang , Yihua Liu
Published: May 2024

Drying techniques are being used more and more to extend the shelf life of industrial products. Drying could influnce the content of phenolics in food and their antioxidant activity. This study estimated the effects of different drying methods (freeze drying (FD), gradient hot air drying (GHD), and constant hot air drying (CHD)) on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in walnut kernels. With a maximum content of 3.61 mg g−1, GHD was found to be the most effective in preserving total phenols, while CHD and FD had maximum contents of 2.66 mg g−1 and 1.96 mg g−1, respectively. The concentration of most monomeric phenols detected in the kernels increased with temperature, particularly in the free and bound forms. Gallic acid (free form) levels in GHD2 (194.54 µg g−1) were 55.77 and 60.08 times higher, respectively, than in FD and CHD. GHD dried walnuts had higher antioxidant activity than FD and CHD dried walnuts. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed three key metabolic pathways associated with the mechanisms underlying drying changes. The GHD technique, according to these findings, is a better choice for drying walnut in order to preserve its phenolics and antioxidant activity.

Graphical Abstract
Strategies and achievements in controlling and eliminating schistosomiasis from Egypt
Authors: El-Kassas Mohamed , Sheemy Reem El , Elbadry Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Schistosomiasis is an old parasitic disease in Egypt primarily caused by Schistosoma mansoni, transmitted through infected water canals, and disproportionately affects rural areas. Despite substantial reductions in the disease prevalence over the years, it still affects more than 5% of the population in some governorates, highlighting the need for sustained control efforts. Among the recent control measures: (a) mass drug administration with large-scale, biannual administration of praziquantel, which remains the cornerstone of the control program targeting the interruption of vector transmission cycles. (b) Improving disease diagnostics, including point-of-care tests, which facilitate early detection and case management, particularly in remote areas. (c) Snail control using targeted mollusciciding aims to reduce parasite transmission by controlling intermediate snail hosts. And (d) behavioral change communication focusing on raising awareness regarding hygiene practices and safe water access.

Even if control attempts have shown positive results, several challenges still exist, including (a) drug resistance, especially to praziquantel, the most commonly used drug, which calls for ongoing observation and monitoring. (b) Sustainability of funding to avoid program disruptions and setbacks. And (c) social and environmental factors like poverty, poor sanitation, and access to clean water. The transition from disease control to elimination requires meticulous planning and vigilance. Robust surveillance systems, enhanced case management, and continued community engagement are vital for such elimination. Strengthening research on drug resistance, snail control methods, and innovative diagnostics would further support elimination efforts. This report aims to address the most recent data regarding the prevalence and control measures for schistosomiasis in Egypt and provide the information required to lead the transition from disease control to elimination.
High-performance work systems and organizational ambidexterity: the mediating role of knowledge management systems—evidence from the Egyptian public-telecommunication sector
Authors: Elashry Mona Moustafa , Kortam Wael Abd elrazik , Ali Tarek Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of the quality-based knowledge management systems (KMSs) in explaining the relationships between AMO-based high-performance work systems (HPWSs) and organizational ambidexterity (OA).

Design/methodology/approach

Using cross-sectional survey, the authors collected data from 277 employees working at the Egyptian public-telecommunication sector and analyzed the hypothesized model using the partial least square structural equation modeling technique. Interviews were conducted with 39 key positions and mirrored against the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique.

Findings

The authors found that the HPWSs dimensions (i.e., ability and opportunity-enhancing practices) explain the OA level. The HPWSs dimensions (i.e., ability, motivation, and opportunity-enhancing practices) have a significant positive effect on the KMSs quality. The KMSs (i.e., system, service, and information quality) have a significant positive effect on OA and mediate the relationship between HPWSs and OA.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to add significant information on how the quality-based KMSs (as mediator) explain the complex relationship between HPWSs dimensions and OA.

Research limitations/implications

Limited attention was paid to investigating the OA enablers. This study bridges the aforementioned research gap by providing in-depth explanations on how the working systems atmosphere emphasizing ability, motivation, and opportunity-enhancing practices alongside the quality-based KMSs enable OA.

Practical/managerial implication

The findings provide the decision makers in public-telecom sector with a clear guideline for achieving ambidexterity in turbulent business environment.
Short Communication: Utilization of wild plants in medicinal foods for maternal postpartum recovery among the Kasepuhan in rural West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MULYANTO DedeMULYANTO , GUNAWAN RIMBO , ZAKARIA SAIFULLAH , ISKANDAR JOHAN , NOVIYANTI ATIEK ROSTIKA , ISKANDAR BUDIWATI SUPANGKAT
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Mulyanto, Gunawan R, Zakaria S, Iskandar J, Noviyanti AR, Iskandar BS. 2024. Short Communication: Utilization of wild plants in medicinal foods for maternal postpartum recovery among the Kasepuhan in rural West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 465-473. Puerperium is a critical phase. Barriers to access and resource constraints often hinder Indigenous and local communities, resulting in frequently relying on traditional forms of postpartum care, including the utilization of wild plants from surrounding areas. Snowball sampling was utilized to recognize informants who were considered specialists in perinatal care and medicinal foods for maternal postpartum recovery. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were undertaken to gather ethnobotanical data on medicinal foods specially made for maternal postpartum recovery and the utilization of wild plants in their preparation and other therapeutic applications. Collected information included medicinal foods, vernacular names of the plants, plant cultivation status, utilized parts, preparation, and method of administration. Descriptive data was analyzed using ethnobotanical indices. Six different medicinal foods, traditionally consumed by mothers to aid postpartum recovery, were identified. A total of 83 species belonging to 34 families were utilized for respective applications. Out of these 83 species, 41 (49.4%) were classified as wild plants. Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr., Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet, Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth., and Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. are wild plants with the highest CVI, and are also used to treat fevers in the study area. Investigations have reported that the bioactive components of these wild plants possess potent analgesic, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and gastroprotective properties. It can be concluded that wild plants hold a significant place in the local knowledge system related to maternal postpartum recovery and other therapeutic uses. Additionally, the practices and acquisition of knowledge for medicinal food preparation are traditionally considered the domain of females.
A comprehensive study on the occurrence rate and morphology characteristics of the acanthocephalan parasite in Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: EDILA RYANKA , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , SUWANTI LUCIA TRI , KWON HYUCK-KEUN , YUDHANA ADITYA , WARDHANA APRIL HARI , ALHADA ANISA
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Edila R, Effendi MH, Suwanti LT, Kwon H-K, Yudhana A, Wardhana AH, Alhada A. 2024. A comprehensive study on the occurrence rate and morphology characteristics of the acanthocephalan parasite in Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 516-521. Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) are increasingly popular as pets worldwide and are often consumed by several communities in Indonesia. This trend needs attention from a public health perspective because it can potentially cause zoonotic diseases, including parasitic diseases. There is no comprehensive report on the prevalence of acanthocephalan parasite infection in Naja sputatrix. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of acanthocephalan infection and provide a detailed description of the morphology and morphometry in N. sputatrix from Indonesia. Ethical approval was obtained, and a total of 51 living wild-caught Javan spitting cobra was collected from local sellers. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of acanthocephalan. The total prevalence was recorded at 47.05%. A total of 56 acanthocephalans were collected, which were divided into 11 (19.6%) infecting muscles, 28 (50%) in viscera, and 17 (30.3%) located in subcutaneous tissues. The body length and diameter were 25-41 mm and 1.31-1.5 mm, respectively, with a proboscis diameter of 0.61-0.74 mm with 3 anterior hooks and 5-6 posterior rootless spines. This study represents the first detailed exploration of acanthocephalan's prevalence, morphological features, and morphometry in snakes in Indonesia.
Variations in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and stoichiometry with stand age in Acacia hybrid plantations in Southern Vietnam
Authors: CHAU MAIHAI , QUY NGUYENVAN , XU XIAONIU , HUNG BUIMANH , CUONG LE VAN , NGOAN TRANTHI , NGUYEN THANHMINH
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Chau M, Quy N, Xu X, Hung B, Cuong LV, Ngoan T, Nguyen T. 2024. Variations in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and stoichiometry with stand age in Acacia hybrid plantations in Southern Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 565-573. Soil Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P) contents are the three most critical soil nutrient elements required for plant growth and development, and their ecological stoichiometric ratios are significant indicators for understanding soil nutrient balance and cycling. This study was conducted to probe variations in the soil organic C (SC), total N (SN), and total P (SP) contents and stoichiometry at five soil depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm) in Acacia hybrid plantations of five different ages (2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old plantations) in Langa-Dongnai Forestry Company, Southern Vietnam. The results showed that forest age and soil depth substantially impacted soil nutrient contents and their stoichiometric characteristics. The concentrations of SC, SN, and SP as well as C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios increased as the forest stand age increased. The contents of SC, SN, and SP reduced with soil depth, indicating an obvious soil “surface-aggregation” phenomenon. The nutrient restriction varied based on forest stand development, shifting from restricted nitrogen in the earlier growth periods of trees to restricted phosphorus in the later growth periods. The findings demonstrate that to resolve the issue of restricted availability of these nutrient indexes, additional nitrogen should be supplied during earlier growth periods and additional phosphorus during later growth periods. The results further emphasize the importance of understanding SC, SN, and SP interactions and nutritional limitations and provide relevant theoretical support for sustainable Acacia hybrid plantation management in the Southern region.
Terrestrial vertebrate fauna in a multifunctional landscape in Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Authors: GOJO-CRUZ PAUL HENRIC P. , CALDITO JENNIFER C. , CATUBIG YVONNE DAPHNEY L. , CORNES HAYDEE MAY , CORPUZ JEANY S. , MANIQUIZ SHAINA S. , MATUNAN KAREN GAY E. , PASCUAL FRANCE JOSEPH , SAN MIGUEL EAJAY S. , SIGUANCIA GEOWENA C. , TURQUEZA DANICA CARLA , MADLAO JAYSON P. , CRUZ CORNELIO FRANCIS , MERCULIO JAY G.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Gojo-Cruz PHP, Caldito JC, Catubig YDL, Cornes HM, Corpuz JS, Maniquiz SS, Matunan KGE, Pascual FJ, Miguel ESS, Siguancia GC, Turqueza DC, Madlao JP, Cruz CF, Merculio JG. 2024. Terrestrial vertebrate fauna in a multifunctional landscape in Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 583-597. This study was done to document the vertebrate fauna in a multifunctional landscape at the foothills of Mt. Mingan, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija. The inventory of wild vertebrate fauna associated with the different habitat types in the area will be valuable in creating suitable management programs to reduce the impact of human activities in the area without affecting local economic activities. Standard survey techniques, including day and night transect walks, opportunistic surveys, mist-netting, and cage trapping, were employed to document vertebrate fauna in the agro-forest, around built-up areas, forest edges, lowland forest, grassland, and riparian habitats. A total of 79 species of vertebrate fauna were recorded, including 7 species of mammals, 13 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, and 50 species of birds. Thirty-three (33) species were endemic to the Philippines. Regarding conservation status, eight (8) species were listed in the higher threat status under DAO 2019-09. Species richness was observed to be highest in lowland dipterocarp forests. On the other hand, species composition varies between habitats, with endemic species being more common in complex habitats such as lowland dipterocarp forests than in simpler habitats like agricultural areas. The high species richness and the presence of endemic and threatened species in the multifunctional landscape of the area highlight the need for management plans considering habitat heterogeneity and connectivity.
Orchid diversity across different forest types on Mt. Malindang, Philippines
Authors: LABAJO-VILLANTES YUNALYN , COOTES JIM , LUO YI-BO , NUNEZA OLGA M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Labajo-Villantes Y, Cootes J, Luo Y-B, Nuneza OM. 2024. Orchid diversity across different forest types on Mt. Malindang, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 605-615. Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park is one of the most significant biodiversity and conservation areas and is considered a biodiversity hotspot. There have been many biodiversity studies on Mt. Malindang, but information on orchid taxonomy and distribution is limited. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive inventory of orchids using an exploratory method. Samplings were conducted in different forest types: montane, mossy, dipterocarp, mixed dipterocarp, and almaciga. A total of 114 orchid species with 55 endemics were recorded. Three of these (Phalaenopsis x intermedia Lindl., Paphiopedilum hennisianum (M.W.Wood) Fowlie, and Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Rchb.f.) Stein) were under Appendix I (can only be exported under specific circumstances). At the same time, 78 were under the Appendix II (follow controlled trades) categories of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. P. hennisianum and P. haynaldianum, listed as endangered species globally, were observed in montane and mossy forests, respectively. Among the six sampling sites, the montane forest was the most species-rich, with the most endemics, followed by the mossy forest. Almaciga and mixed dipterocarp forests were closely related with 100% similarity. The results of this study are valuable to Mt. Malindang's ecological profile for more effective protection and conservation plans.
Population dynamics of mud clam Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) in degraded mangrove area at Kendari Bay, Indonesia
Authors: BAHTIAR BAHTIAR , KASIM MA’RUF , HATI YUSTIKA INTAN PERMATA , ISHAK ERMAYANTI
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Bahtiar B, Kasim M, Hati YIP, Ishak E. 2024. Population dynamics of mud clam Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) in degraded mangrove area at Kendari Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 616-623. Mud clams, Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849), locally known as kalandue, are bivalves living in mangrove forests. These mud clams are currently experiencing ecological pressure, and are susceptible to the degradation of mangrove areas and the exploitation of the clams. This research was conducted in the mangrove forests of Kendari Bay for a year, from November 2016 to October 2017. Geloina expansa samples were collected throughout the mangrove forest area, and the water temperature was measured simultaneously with G. expansa sampling. The width of G. expansa shell was measured using a caliper. Population structure, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate data were analyzed using the Bhattacharya method, the von Bertalanffy inverse function, the width converted catch curve, and Pauly's empirical formula, all accommodated in the FiSAT II program version 3.0. The results showed that the G. expansa population was spread out from two and three-size groups, i.e., juvenile, adult, and old-size groups, dominated by the older group. Geloina expansa growth model follows the Lt = 10.08-(10.08-0.025) e-0.6t, which generally consists of 1.5-2.5 years of maturity. The total mortality (Z) of G. expansa was 2.26, in which the highest contributing factor was natural mortality (M) as opposed to fishing mortality (F), with values of M = 1.72 and F = 0.56. Thus, the exploitation rate (E) was within the low category, with a value of 0.24.