bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Plant Transfer Printing to Sustainable Fashion
Authors: Šabarić Irena , Sutlović Ana , Filipčić Jana , Karin Franka
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, there is a growing awareness of environmental protection, new findings in the field of sustainable chemistry, the use of biodegradable materials, and the increased use of eco-friendly textile products. For this reason, natural dyes are being used more and more frequently, giving rise to a new way of decorating textiles, namely, plant transfer printing, popularly known as “eco-printing”, in which the shape and/or pigment of a plant is transferred to the textile. In addition, the great interest of the young generation in the application and research into the use of natural dyes can create incentives for cultural and social sustainability through the preservation of national heritage. Plant transfer printing is a method that combines scientific technology and artistic design with corresponding benefits for the eco system. The very fact that the patterns are unique and unpredictable brings out the notion of artistic freedom. In the work, plant transfer printing was carried out on undyed cotton material and on material dyed with pomegranate peels, walnut leaves, coffee, and aleppo pine bark. The influence of the pH value and the capillarity of the fabric, as well as the treatment of the leaves with iron(II) sulphate heptahydrate solution, on the aesthetics of the print and the colour fastness during washing was investigated. Based on the optimised parameters and a sustainable fabric design, the clothing collection “Hamadryad”, inspired by Greek mythology, was realised.
Composting of Biowaste Generated in University Canteens and Rural Households: Converting Waste into a Valuable Product
Authors: Baptista Carolina F. T. , Rodrigues Rafaela P. , Quina Margarida J.
Published: May 2024

The growing production of biowaste is causing serious environmental concerns, and composting has emerged as an environmentally friendly solution. This approach contributes to the real circular economy of biowaste, avoiding landfill disposal. This process is flexible as it can be carried out on a domestic or industrial scale. This work focused on the formulation and monitoring of two different composting processes (on a laboratory and domestic scale), to recover biowaste from a university canteen and a rural household, as well as evaluating the quality of the final composts. Three different mixtures of canteen food waste (CFW) and olive wood chips (OWC) were tested at lab scale (CFW:OWC 100:0, 40:60, and 60:40%), with two replicates carried out on the second mixture; a single mixture was tested at the domestic experiment (40:60%). The results showed that both processes reached thermophilic temperatures, with a peak of 65 °C on the lab scale and 75 °C recorded in the domestic composting. Reaching thermophilic temperatures is essential in composting, to maximize the rate of organic matter (OM) decomposition and improve compost quality (e.g., stability and maturation). The moisture content (MC) of biowaste proved to be a critical parameter since the high MC of CFW led to the inhibition of the aerobic process in the mixture without OWC (100% of CFW). On the contrary, a large quantity of OWC (60:40%) showed lower biodegradability due to the presence of lignocellulosic compounds. Analysis of the quality of the final compost revealed that although domestic composting was a process with a low level of control, it allowed obtaining quality compost for agronomic applications, similar to that produced on a laboratory scale. All final composts (after 120 days) were stable and mature, according to the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and the germination index (GI). Indeed, OUR complied with the regulatory limits (15 and 25 mmolO2/kgOM.h) to be considered soil correctives or organic fertilizers, evidencing the stability of the materials. All composts are non-phytotoxic (GI above 80%), meaning that they are suitable for plant growth. The composts produced retained a significant amount of carbon (40–70%), with a high value for returning carbon to the soil in stable OM forms. Thus, when applied to the soil, a significant amount of carbon is carried to this compartment, making a valuable contribution to closing the carbon cycle and avoiding the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. Overall, it was possible to conclude that biowaste from university canteens and households can be recovered by composting, as long as it is mixed with a bulking agent (such as OWC), which promotes the process and improves the properties of the composts.
Influencer Marketing Platforms’ Effect on Light Meal Purchase Intention and Behavior
Authors: Qin Zhaoyue , Chen Yiming , Yan Yue , Huang Yi
Published: May 2024

Given the heightened awareness of health and sustainable development in contemporary society, light meals have become a popular dietary choice with considerable momentum. This study focuses on the role of influencer marketing platforms in promoting consumer purchasing intentions towards light meals. By conducting a sample survey of 654 consumers in Suzhou City and employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for empirical analysis, the findings indicate that the intervention of influencer marketing platforms has a significant positive impact on both the purchase intention and purchasing behavior towards light meals, and that purchase intention has a mediating effect between influencer marketing platform intervention and purchase behavior. This research further reveals that while influencers share more lifestyle displays and light meal recipes, marketing platforms should strengthen the integration of sustainable development concepts with the light meals industry to enhance product exposure and promote the spread of ideas. In addition, consumers can reinforce this trend by actively participating in social media, sharing purchasing experiences, and proactively seeking information about light meals and sustainable living, thus achieving a beneficial mutual promotion.
Assessing the Use of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Carrier for Alkoxysilanes to Consolidate Degraded PUR Ester Foams: An Alternative to Traditional Methods
Authors: Soares Inês , Viana Carolina , Bartoletti Angelica , França de Sá Susana , Quye Anita , Shashoua Yvonne , Casimiro Teresa , Ferreira Joana Lia
Published: May 2024

Degradation of ester-based polyurethane (PUR) foams results in extensive fragmentation, stickiness, and brittleness both at surfaces and in the bulk. Current methods to conserve museum objects comprising PUR foams include consolidation with solvent-based polymeric solutions. Besides the limitations of spray and brush application for deep consolidant penetration and the impracticality of immersing large-scale objects in solutions, these methods often require large amounts of toxic solvents that are harmful for both the user and environment. Carbon dioxide can be employed as a green solvent as it can be recovered, recycled, and reused without contributing to the greenhouse effect. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)-assisted consolidation premises are that it may carry the consolidant deeper and deposit it consistently throughout the foam, whilst ensuring minimal interaction with the surface and avoiding material losses in severely degraded objects and the use of toxic solvents. The suitability of scCO2 as a carrier is studied, and the results compared with spray application, a commonly used traditional method. Previous studies have shown that a mixture of alkoxysilanes has great potential for reinforcing the foam’s structure and hydrophobicity when applied by immersion and other impregnation techniques. In this study, scCO2-assisted consolidation has proven to be an effective and green alternative to consolidation by spray, reducing hazardous solvent emissions. After treatment, no visual changes were detected, the samples became less sticky, and the foam flexibility improved significantly. Analytical techniques confirmed the presence of the consolidant in all tested samples, both on the top surface and in-depth layers, in contrast to foams treated by spray.
The ESG Menu: Integrating Sustainable Practices in the Portuguese Agri-Food Sector
Authors: Camelo Gonçalo , Nogueira Mafalda
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the incorporation of sustainable development within the Portuguese agri-food sector amid global environmental and resource challenges. It underscores the role of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria in steering businesses towards sustainable practices. Through qualitative analysis, in-depth interviews with managers and experts explored sustainable business model adoption, highlighting SMEs’ unique challenges. The study reveals a divergence in sustainability practice maturity, advocating for integration into organizational culture and strategy. It points out SMEs’ reactive stance due to resource constraints and external pressures, contrasting with larger firms’ proactive approaches. The research supports a strategic reevaluation of business models for sustainability, emphasizing innovation, leadership, organizational commitment, and transparent communication. Practical contributions include embedding sustainability into core operations, enhancing competitiveness, fostering sustainable organizational culture, prioritizing employee well-being, and leveraging innovative marketing for sustainability communication. Recognizing its limitations, this study advocates exploring blockchain and AI for transparency, leadership’s role in sustainable models, and the importance of marketing in the agri-food sector for sustainable management. Insights indicate that innovation and strategic partnerships are crucial for enhancing organizational sustainability and achieving the SDGs.
Development of a Waste Management Strategy in a Steel Company
Authors: Fărcean Ioana , Proștean Gabriela , Ardelean Erika , Socalici Ana , Ardelean Marius
Published: May 2024

The management of waste, especially ferrous waste, poses great problems in the steel industry due to strict regulations on preventing, reducing, or even eliminating the factors that generate a high degree of environmental pollution (landfills resulting from the steel industry and adjacent industries—mining, energy, etc.). The present paper presents a synthesis of the specialized literature regarding the processes used, both worldwide and nationally, regarding the transformation of raw materials (ores or concentrates) and iron-containing waste (steel mill dust, mill scale and scale, sludge from agglomeration factories, sideritic waste, etc.) into by-products that can be used in the steel industry. For technological reasons, the option of pelletizing powdered waste was applied—in laboratory conditions, according to its own recipes, with results that justify the application of the technology on an industrial scale (appearance after hardening; drop resistance). The aim of the paper was to identify a practical solution; based on this solution, original conceptual models of organizational strategies (management and processing, respectively, recovery of ferrous waste within steel companies) were developed, such as a concentration strategy, diversification, vertical integration, etc. Within graphical representations of the proposed strategies, other processing variants were mentioned: agglomeration; briquetting.
Development Indexes, Environmental Cost Impact, and Well-Being: Trends and Comparisons in Italy
Authors: Torchio Marco Filippo , Lucia Umberto , Grisolia Giulia
Published: May 2024

In 1990, the United Nations (UN) presented the Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure of human development that considers three fundamental dimensions: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. This paper proposes some considerations about human well-being factors based on HDI analysis, also introducing some considerations on environmental pollution. As regards environmental issues, two different pollutants are considered together with their environmental costs: (i) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which have an impact on a global scale, and (ii) emissions from fine particulate matter, primarily having an impact on a local scale. Thus, a new index based on the external environmental costs is proposed, and two scenarios are discussed. On the other hand, as it concerns human well-being, the results of surveys among the population are used. Furthermore, other features regarding health services and demographic aspects are taken into account, too. Italy is analysed as a case study over the last three decades. Easterlin’s considerations are verified based on the variation of perceived well-being related to the changes in GDP. The Italian case study shows that despite having achieved a satisfactory HDI level, there is a wide margin for improvement from both the environmental and the well-being standpoints.
Evaluating the Environmental Phillips Curve Hypothesis in the STIRPAT Framework for Finland
Authors: Kinnunen Jani , Georgescu Irina , Nica Ionuț
Published: May 2024

In the context of increasing concerns about environmental sustainability and economic growth, this study evaluates the Environmental Phillips Curve hypothesis within Finland’s STIRPAT framework from 1990 to 2022. Finland is renowned for its commitment to environmental policies and renewable energy innovations, yet it faces challenges in balancing economic growth with environmental protection. The identified problem is the need to understand the trade-offs between economic growth and environmental impact in this specific context. Using the ARDL model, we analyze the effects of GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption (RENC), urbanization (URB), and unemployment rates (UR) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Our findings show that while GDP and urbanization increase GHG emissions, renewable energy significantly reduces them. The Error Correction Model highlights quick adjustments toward equilibrium, reflecting the effectiveness of Finland’s environmental policies. Short-term results confirm the limited impact of urbanization on GHG emissions, possibly due to advanced urban planning. The FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR techniques further support these findings, emphasizing the importance of renewable energy in mitigating environmental impacts. This study provides crucial insights for policymakers seeking to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability in Finland.
Sustainability Analysis of Smallholder Oil Palm Plantations in Several Provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Supriatna Jajang , Djumarno Djumarno , Saluy Ahmad Badawy , Kurniawan Deden
Published: May 2024

The cultivation of oil palm plantations as a strategy for regional and rural development in Indonesia has significantly strengthened the economic system and livelihoods of agricultural communities. However, despite its growth, sustainability challenges persist, as evidenced through issues such as deforestation, labor concerns, land conflicts, and low worker welfare. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the index and sustainability status of smallholder oil palm plantations in several provinces of Indonesia, as well as to evaluate the index and sustainability status in each dimension (i.e., economic, social, environmental, institutional, and technological). After conducting a structured survey of oil palm farmers who have been operating a plantation for more than 1 year and are members of the Indonesian Planter Society, yielding responses of 757 farmers from Riau, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and Bangka Belitung Islands provinces, a multidimensional scaling method was utilized to assess the values of the sustainability index, considering attributes related to economic, ecological, social, technological, and institutional factors. The resulting sustainability index is 44.97, placing smallholder oil palm plantations within the less sustainable category. The findings obtained underscore the pressing need for government intervention and support to improve the sustainability of smallholder oil palm plantations in Indonesia. Addressing these concerns requires comprehensive policy interventions and assistance to advance the sustainability of agricultural practices.
Fiscal Decentralization, Environmental Regulation, and Green Technological Innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Changyun , Zhu Junxi , Chen Zhuo
Published: May 2024

To achieve carbon peaking and neutrality, optimizing power allocation and fiscal responsibilities between China's central and local authorities is essential for balancing environmental and economic goals. This study employs fixed-effects panel regression and a threshold model to examine the relationships between fiscal decentralization, environmental regulations, and green technological innovation in 271 prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2019. The results reveal that environmental regulations significantly advance green innovation. Fiscal decentralization modulates the impact of these regulations on green innovation, with regional variations. In central and western areas, fiscal decentralization inhibits the regulatory effects, whereas in the eastern region, it promotes them. Moreover, fiscal decentralization exhibits a threshold effect: below a certain threshold, it hinders regulatory impact, but beyond that threshold, it enhances it. These findings offer valuable insights for policy decisions and strategies to foster green innovation, providing a theoretical and empirical foundation for policymakers involved in environmental and fiscal planning.
Fully Integrated Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell–Rankine Cycle System with Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage for Sustainable Combined Heat and Power Production
Authors: Gruber Sven , Rola Klemen , Goričanec Darko , Urbancl Danijela
Published: May 2024

The imperative to combat climate change necessitates the rapid implementation of technologically advanced, zero-emission renewable energy solutions, particularly considering the mounting energy demands and the pressing need to mitigate global warming. The proposed SOFC system, integrated with a modified Rankine Cycle and CCUS technology, offers a highly efficient, renewable system with a net-zero carbon footprint, utilising green biogas as an alternative. The fully integrated system at continuous operation does not require outside heat sources and, besides, its main electricity production can supply 231 households with hot sanitary water. A base case and sensitivity analysis of the system was conducted studying different operating parameters. The base case simulation, conducted at SOFC/reformer operating temperatures of 850 °C/650 °C and operating parameters S/C = 2.5, Uf = 0.70 Ua = 0.1806, yielded an overall efficiency of 71.64%, with a 67.70% electrical efficiency. Further simulations demonstrated that a 1.60% and 1.53% increase in the overall and electrical efficiencies of the proposed alternative, respectively, would be achieved at SOFC/reformer operating temperatures of 950 °C/650 °C. The simulated hybrid system represents a competitive installation in the renewable energy market, which offers a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional forms of energy generation.
Social Innovation as a Support for the Visibility of Vulnerable Communities
Authors: Mafra Raquel Francisco , Casagrande Jacir Leonir , Dutra Ana Regina de Aguiar , Nunes Nei Antonio , Dias Felipe Texeira , Barbosa Samuel Borges , Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra José Baltazar
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the actions of the Invisible Cities Project (ICP) as an example of social innovation and as a way of giving visibility to vulnerable communities. Initially, a theoretical framework was established to understand the possibilities of the visibility of isolated and poor communities located within the urban setting. This framework was established based on the literature that addresses the role of social innovation in cities. Then, participant observations were made in a community to analyze the initiatives that are part of the ICP. Finally, semi-structured interviews were conducted; these interviews reported the lived experiences of participants involved in the project through the narratives of the community members. Drawing from the specialized literature, it was found that this project carries out various aspects of social innovation, such as social visibility, empowerment, the articulation of different actors in society, social inclusion, and the improvement of the urban public space. The project also addresses a variety of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as eradicating poverty, promoting health and well-being, reducing inequalities, and fostering more sustainable cities and communities.
Risk Preferences and Entrepreneurial Decision-Making: Evidence from Experimental Methods in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Truc Thanh , Pham Nam Khanh
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the relationship between risk preferences and entrepreneurial decisions within the Vietnamese context through controlled laboratory experiments. Specifically, we examine whether individuals with higher levels of risk aversion are more likely to become fixed-wage employees, while those with a propensity for risk-taking are more likely to pursue entrepreneurial ventures. Our findings underscore a significant relationship between risk aversion and the initiation of new businesses at the point of decision-making. Individuals exhibiting greater risk aversion demonstrate a decreased likelihood of venturing into entrepreneurship compared to their risk-taking or risk-neutral counterparts. Importantly, this relationship withstands variations in experimental measures of risk preferences, affirming its robustness across diverse contexts. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of risk attitudes in shaping entrepreneurial behavior and hold implications for policy interventions aimed at fostering entrepreneurship in Vietnam.
An Online Review-Driven Picture Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Approach for Evaluating the Online Medical Service Quality of Doctors
Authors: Shi Kaiwen , Peng Juanjuan
Published: May 2024

In order to further investigate the level of online medical services in China and improve the medical experience of patients, this study aims to establish an online review-driven picture fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) approach for the online medical service evaluation of doctors. First, based on the Aczel–Alsina t-norm and t-conorm, the normal picture fuzzy Aczel–Alsina operations involving a variable parameter are defined to make the corresponding operations more flexible than other operations. Second, two picture fuzzy Aczel–Alsina aggregation operators are developed, and the corresponding properties are discussed as well. Third, combined with the online review information of China’s medical platform Haodaifu, the online review-driven evaluation attributes and their corresponding weights are obtained, which can make the evaluation model more objective. Fourth, an extended normal picture fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) decision-making method for the service quality evaluation of online medical services is proposed. Finally, an empirical example is presented to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. A sensitivity analysis and a comparison analysis are also conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed approach.
Nonlinear Transport through Parity–Time Symmetric Lattice Potentials
Authors: Mao Wei , Zhang Yongping
Published: May 2024

We study nonlinear transports of a light field through finite parity–time symmetric lattice potentials. The initial light field is trapped in a source reservoir and is released to expand toward the lattice potentials along the transverse direction due to the nonlinearity. We identify the transports that can be classified into in-band and in-gap transports. In the in-band transport, the light field can tunnel through the lattices into the sink reservoir, and in the in-gap transport, the light field is self-trapped inside the lattices to form a solitary wave.
SK-03-92 Treatment Causes Release of a Lethal Factor Protein That Kills Staphylococcus aureus Cells
Authors: Schwan William R. , Moore Madison , Zank Allison , Cannarella Sophia , Gebhardt Kyle , May John F.
Published: May 2024

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of skin and bloodstream infections in humans. Antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus continue to be a problem in treating patients that are infected, so treatment options are needed. A drug discovery project identified SK-03-92 as a novel anti-staphylococcal drug, but the SK-03-92 mechanism of action is unknown. We hypothesized that a lethal factor was being released by the bacteria that killed siblings. Methods: In this study, filtration through molecular weight cut-off filters as well as boiling, trypsin treatment, and proteinase K treatment were used to ascertain what the lethal factor was released by SK-03-92 treated S. aureus cells. Results: Filtration through molecular weight cut-off filters demonstrated the lethal factor released by SK-03-92 treated S. aureus cells had a molecular cut-off between 10,000 Da and 30,000 Da that killed fresh S. aureus cells but was not released by untreated cells. Through proteinase K digestion, trypsin digestion, and boiling experiments, the lethal factor was shown to be a protein. Further experiments are needed to identify what proteins released following SK-03-92 treatment cause the death of S. aureus cells. Conclusions: The data show that SK-03-92 treatment causes S. aureus to release a lethal factor protein that kills S. aureus cells, suggesting a new mechanism of action for an antibacterial drug.
Magnetar QPOs and Neutron Star Crust Elasticity
Authors: Sotani Hajime
Published: May 2024

The crust region is a tiny fraction of neutron stars, but it has a variety of physical properties and plays an important role in astronomical observations. One of the properties characterizing the crust is elasticity. In this review, with the approach of asteroseismology, we systematically examine neutron star oscillations excited by crust elasticity, adopting the Cowling approximation. In particular, by identifying the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in magnetar flares with the torsional oscillations, we make a constraint on the nuclear saturation parameters. In addition, we also discuss how the shear and interface modes depend on the neutron star properties. Once one detects an additional signal associated with neutron star oscillations, one can obtain a more severe constraint on the saturation parameters and/or neutron star properties, which must be a qualitatively different constraint obtained from terrestrial experiments and help us to complementarily understand astrophysics and nuclear physics.
Investigating the Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Impact on Viral Evolution and Oncogenesis in HCC
Authors: Juang Horng-Heng , Hsu Chao-Wei , Chang Kang-Shuo , Iang Shan-Bei , Lin Yang-Hsiang , Chao Mei
Published: May 2024

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV), an RNA virus with two forms of the delta antigen (HDAg), relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for envelope proteins essential for hepatocyte entry. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third in global cancer deaths, yet HDV’s involvement remains uncertain. Among 300 HBV-associated HCC serum samples from Taiwan’s National Health Research Institutes, 2.7% (8/300) tested anti-HDV positive, with 62.7% (5/8) of these also HDV RNA positive. Genotyping revealed HDV-2 in one sample, HDV-4 in two, and two samples showed mixed HDV-2/HDV-4 infection with RNA recombination. A mixed-genotype infection revealed novel mutations at the polyadenylation signal, coinciding with the ochre termination codon for the L-HDAg. To delve deeper into the possible oncogenic properties of HDV-2, the predominant genotype in Taiwan, which was previously thought to be less associated with severe disease outcomes, an HDV-2 cDNA clone was isolated from HCC for study. It demonstrated a replication level reaching up to 74% of that observed for a widely used HDV-1 strain in transfected cultured cells. Surprisingly, both forms of HDV-2 HDAg promoted cell migration and invasion, affecting the rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton and the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers. In summary, this study underscores the prevalence of HDV-2, HDV-4, and their mixed infections in HCC, highlighting the genetic diversity in HCC as well as the potential role of both forms of the HDAg in HCC oncogenesis.
Airborne Influenza Virus in Daycare Centers
Authors: Zhang Jia Lin , Wang Yu-Chun , Lee Yi Lien , Yang Chun-Yuh , Chen Pei-Shih
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigated the concentration of airborne influenza virus in daycare centers and influencing factors, such as common cold prevalence, air pollutants, and meteorological factors. A total of 209 air samples were collected from daycare centers in Kaohsiung and the influenza virus was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Air pollutants and metrological factors were measured using real-time monitoring equipment. Winter had the highest positive rates of airborne influenza virus and the highest prevalence of the common cold, followed by summer and autumn. The concentration of CO was significantly positively correlated with airborne influenza virus. Daycare center A, with natural ventilation and air condition systems, had a higher concentration of airborne influenza A virus, airborne fungi, and airborne bacteria, as well as a higher prevalence of the common cold, than daycare center B, with a mechanical ventilation system and air purifiers, while the concentrations of CO2, CO, and UFPs in daycare center A were lower than those in daycare center B. We successfully detected airborne influenza virus in daycare centers, demonstrating that aerosol sampling for influenza can provide novel epidemiological insights and inform the management of influenza in daycare centers.
Exosomes as Conduits: Facilitating Hepatitis B Virus-Independent Hepatitis D Virus Transmission and Propagation in Hepatocytes
Authors: Khabir Marwa , Blanchet Matthieu , Angelo Léna , Loucif Hamza , van Grevenynghe Julien , Bukong Terence Ndonyi , Labonté Patrick
Published: May 2024

A number of research studies, including ours, have spotlighted exosomes as critical facilitators of viral dissemination. While hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission through exosomes has been studied, the focus on its satellite virus, the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), has been unexplored in this context. HDV, although being a defective virus, can replicate its genome autonomously within hepatocytes, independently of HBV. Investigations on Huh7 cells revealed an intriguing phenomenon: the HDV proteins, S-HDAg and L-HDAg, are transmitted between cells without a complete viral structure. Detailed analysis further revealed that the expression of these proteins not only bolstered exosome secretion but also ensured their enrichment within these vesicles. Our experimental approach utilized transfection of various plasmids to examine the role of HDV RNA and proteins in the process. One salient finding was the differential propagation of the HDV proteins S-HDAg and L-HDAg, suggesting intricate molecular mechanisms behind their transmission. Notably, the purity of our exosome preparations was monitored using markers such as TSG101 and CD81. Importantly, these exosomes were found to carry both HDV RNA and proteins, highlighting their role in HDV dissemination. This novel study underscores the role of exosomes in mediating the transmission of HDV components between hepatocytes independent of HBV. These revelations about the exosomal pathway of HDV transmission provide a foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against HDV infections.
Evaluation of the Development of Post-Vaccination Immunity against Selected Bacterial Diseases in Children of Post-Solid-Organ-Transplant Mothers
Authors: Ginda Tomasz , Taradaj Karol , Tronina Olga , Stelmaszczyk-Emmel Anna , Kociszewska-Najman Bożena
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy after organ transplantation is considered high-risk and requires supervision in specialized centers. The impact of immunosuppression on the developing fetus is still the subject of research. It has been shown that it affects lymphocyte populations in the first year of life. For this reason, researchers suggest postponing mandatory infant vaccinations. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of intrauterine exposure of the fetus to immunosuppression on the immunogenicity of protective vaccinations against selected bacterial pathogens. The ELISA method was used to determine the concentration of post-vaccination IgG antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, tuberculosis, H. influenzae type B, and S. pneumoniae in 18 children of mothers who underwent organ transplantation. The results were compared with the control group (n = 21). A comparison of the incidence of adverse post-vaccination reactions between the analyzed groups was also performed. There were no statistically significant differences in the immunogenicity of the analyzed vaccines between children of mothers who underwent organ transplantation and the age-matched general pediatric population. There were no differences in the incidence of adverse post-vaccination reactions between the analyzed groups. The obtained results do not indicate the need to modify the current protective vaccination schemes against bacterial pathogens in children of mothers who underwent organ transplantation.
Interference of Streptococcus agalactiae Blitz Therapy in Staphylococcus aureus Microbiological Diagnosis in Subclinical Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Gomes Ana Flávia Novaes , de Castro Fúlvia de Fátima Almeida , Silva Márcio Roberto , Lange Carla Christine , Ribeiro João Batista , Guimarães Alessandro de Sá , de Souza Guilherme Nunes
Published: May 2024

Bovine mastitis is an important and costly disease to dairy cattle. Diagnostic methods usually performed in Brazil are somatic cell counts (SCC) and milk microbiology. Low bacteria shedding in milk implies no colony growth in microbiological tests and false negative results. Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus are principal pathogens of mixed mastitis. However, S. agalactiae has a higher bacterial release from the mammary gland than S. aureus, affecting microbiological sensitivity to diagnose S. aureus. This study aimed to estimate the SCC and total bacterial count (TBC) from cows according to pathogen isolated in milk and to evaluate variation in S. aureus diagnosis by a microbiological test during S. agalactiae treatment, which is called blitz therapy. Both S. agalactiae and S. aureus presented high SCC means, although S. agalactiae showed shedding of bacteria 2.3 times greater than S. aureus. Microbiological sensitivity to S. aureus increased for 5 months during S. agalactiae treatment. The prevalence of S. agalactiae fell after 5 months of therapeutic procedures. The prevalence of S. aureus increased to 39.0. The results showed that due to high sensitivity, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be used at the beginning of blitz therapy with the goal of S. agalactiae eradication from the dairy herd.
Dynamic Behavior and Mechanism of Transient Fluid–Structure Interaction in Viscoelastic Pipes Based on Energy Analysis
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Shuang , Zhou Linfeng , Ning Haoran , Wu Kai
Published: May 2024

The term “viscoelastic pipe” refers to high polymer pipes that exhibit both elastic and viscoelastic properties. Owing to their widespread use in water transport systems, it is important to understand the transient flow characteristics of these materials for pipeline safety. Despite extensive research, these characteristics have not been sufficiently explored. This study evaluates the impact of friction models on the transient flow of viscoelastic pipes across various Reynolds numbers by employing an energy analysis approach. Given the complexity and computational demands of two-dimensional models, this paper compares the accuracy of one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional models. Notably, the superiority of the quasi-two-dimensional model in simulating viscoelastic pipelines is demonstrated. Owing to the interaction between pressure waves and fluid within viscoelastic pipes, fluid–structure coupling significantly attenuates pressure waves during transmission. These findings shed light on the constitutive properties of viscoelastic pipes and the influence of pipe wall friction models on transient hydraulic characteristics, building upon prior studies focused on elastic pipes. Nevertheless, numerous factors affecting transient flow in viscoelastic pipes remain unexplored. This paper suggests further analysis of strain effects, starting with temperature and pipe dynamics, to enhance the understanding of the coupling laws and flow mechanisms in viscoelastic pipelines.
Estimating Effective Light Exposure by Property-Tracking Tracers
Authors: Gross Edward , Holleman Rusty , Deleersnijder Eric , Delhez Eric J. M.
Published: May 2024

A numerical approach to estimating the mean exposure of a tracer to a scalar property is applied to predict the light exposure of sinking phytoplankton. In our application, effective light exposure is defined as the time integral of a light limitation factor commonly used in phytoplankton models. Solutions from an adjoint approach have previously been published for a set of one-dimensional sinking phytoplankton scenarios. We illustrate that a simple extension to a standard advection–diffusion model produces similar results. Specifically, we present numerical solutions using property tracking in a one-dimensional advection–diffusion model for multiple tracers. Solutions are calculated for a range of eddy diffusivity distributions and compared with the published solutions. The consistency of the numerical solutions with the published solutions provides validation of the property-tracking approach. While the adjoint method solution is much less computationally intensive for the test cases, the property-tracking approach can be applied in multidimensional time-varying applications with an arbitrary distribution of sinking speed, diffusivity, and turbidity for which an adjoint solution has not been developed. Our intention is for this example application and corroboration of the “property-tracking” approach to inspire readers to envision additional applications for this approach.
Response Surface Methodology Approach to Optimize Parameters for Coagulation Process Using Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC)
Authors: Ji Xuemei , Li Zhihua , Wang Mingsen , Yuan Zhigang , Jin Li
Published: May 2024

Coagulation is a process affected by multiple variables, nonlinear mapping and multiple perturbations. In order to realize the precise dosage of flocculants, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was taken as the research object to explore the effects of temperature, water turbidity, pH and CODMn on the dosage of PAC and coagulation effect. A response surface methodology (RSM) experiment was carried out based on a single-factor experiment. The turbidity, pH and dosage of a single parameter, as well as the interaction term and secondary term, all have significant influence on coagulation effect. The optimal reaction conditions were calculated using Design-Expert software: pH, 7.48; turbidity, 14.59 NTU; dosage, 24.01 mg/L; and the error between the experimental value and the predicted value, 4.08%. Establishing a model with residual turbidity as a consideration index can help to calculate the optimal dosage of PAC, which is conducive to a reasonable and accurate control of the dosage of PAC in the coagulation process, so as to achieve the goal of low turbidity of effluent and low production cost.
Structural Analysis and Optimization of Ultra-High-Speed Centrifugal Pump Rotor System Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Yan Shebin , Ye Zhifeng , Wang Dezhao , Ma Ji , Zhou Wenjie
Published: May 2024

An ultra-high-speed centrifugal pump plays a crucial role as part of an aircraft engine’s fuel supply system. This paper focuses on the coupled vibration and optimization of a parallel double-stage ultra-high-speed centrifugal pump considering fluid–structure interaction (FSI). The accuracy of the numerical calculation is verified and compared with the experimental results. The steady and transient characteristics of the rotor system are analyzed to ensure the operational reliability of the rotor system. Moreover, an orthogonal test is conducted to explore the transient structural characteristics of the rotor system. The existing cross-support structure meets high-speed stability requirements and there is no resonance in the cantilevered rotor system. The maximum and minimum errors for the head of Pump 2 are 4% and 0.7%, respectively. The minimum values for maximum average deformation and maximum average stress are less than 0.31 mm and 245 MPa, respectively, at design conditions. The position of Bearing 1 near the multi-stage impeller has the greatest impact on the deformation and stress of the rotor system, and the deformation and stress increase as the distance increases. The results of this study can provide a valuable reference for the design of ultra-high-speed centrifugal pump rotor systems.
HATAY DEFNE BELEDİYESİ ÇÖP İŞÇİLERİNDE ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS VE BAĞIRSAK PARAZİTLERİ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Çulha Gülnaz , Savaş Nazan , Kaya Tuğba , Ünal Ceren
Published: May 2024

Araştırmada Hatay’ın Defne İlçe Belediyesinde çalışan çöp işçilerinde Enterobius vermicularis ve bağırsak parazitlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel nitelikte olan araştırmanın evreni 85 çöp işçisi olup, örnek seçilmemiş, 78 (%91,7) işçi araştırmaya katılmıştır. Öncelikle Temizlik İşleri Müdürlüğü’nde çalışan 200 işçiye hijyen eğitimi verilmiş, ardından örneklerin doğru alınmasıyla ilgili eğitim yapılmıştır. Bağırsak parazitlerinin dağılımını etkileyebilecek durumları sorgulayan anket uygulanmıştır. Alınan örnekler Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı laboratuarında incelenmiş, dışkıda nativ-lugol yöntemi ve modifiye formol-etil asetat sedimantasyon yöntemi kullanılarak bağırsak parazitlerinin, selofan bant yöntemi ile de Enterobius vermicularis varlığı araştırılmıştır. Ki-kare ve Mann Whitney-U testleri kullanılmış, p
Developments in Serving Sculptures and their Change in Location from the Serdab to the Burial Chamber
Authors: Barker Georgia
Published: May 2024

During the late 6th Dynasty, serving sculptures underwent several significant developments in production and distribution, including a change in where they were located in the tomb. Previously housed in the serdab in the superstructure, the sculptures began to be deposited in the subterranean burial chamber. Previous explanations for this change in funerary practice have focused on religious reasons, specifically the growth of the Osirian cult which caused greater attention to be devoted to the substructure. However, it is equally important to investigate the historical factors that may have influenced this development. As these have not yet been fully considered, this study presents the historical perspective which should be understood alongside the religious explanations. It is argued that an increased feeling of insecurity in society contributed to the burial chamber becoming the preferred location for serving sculptures. This subterranean location enabled the sculptures to no longer have any interaction with the living and to give the tomb owner direct and more secure access to the goods and services they provided.
The Significance of Coffin Construction Practices in the Old and Middle Kingdoms
Authors: Arbuckle MacLeod Caroline
Published: May 2024

Over time, technology and traditions shift as artists or craftspeople adapt to transformations in fashion, politics, religion, the availability of materials, and advances in knowledge. These changes in production are often visible in the material record. Understanding why certain elements of production change or remain constant can therefore help archaeologists or historians to understand better the broader social contexts in which these communities of practice lived and worked. Developments in the production of ancient Egyptian coffins over time can provide an example of the type of social insights that a long-term, large-scale analysis of technological history permits. In this longue-durée analysis, the author highlights the construction history of coffins from the beginning of the Old Kingdom through to the end of the Middle Kingdom, punctuated with a selection of detailed case studies. The adaptations in practice show carpenters beginning a tradition, demonstrate the emergence of communities of practice, and express a major shift in approaches in response to revolutions in religious expression. Once this tradition emerges, however, it remains constant throughout the First Intermediate Period and beyond, during a time otherwise characterised by experimentation and political upheaval. This suggests a continuity and resiliency among communities of carpenters, building up an alternative history to the royal narrative.
Ratio estimator for double sampling procedure with non-response: An empirical study
Authors: K Oguagbaka, S. , C Okoli, O. , O Aronu, C.
Published: May 2024

This study proposes a ratio-type estimator for population mean estimation using auxiliary variables with double sampling in the presence of non-response. The study provides expressions for the constant, bias, and mean square errors (MSE) of the proposed estimator and compares it with ten existing estimators. The study employed the secondary source of data collection to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed and existing estimators by analyzing five natural populations from three different sources. The performance of ten (10) estimators was considered in this study. The findings suggest that the proposed estimator and the H estimator provide more accurate and precise estimates of the population mean using an auxiliary variable. Additionally, the study found significant differences amongst the mean values of the constant and bias for the different estimators. A Dunn Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison tests with the Bonferroni method was performed to ascertain the pair of estimators that contributed to the significant difference observed. When estimating the population means using an auxiliary variable, the proposed estimator outperformed other existing estimators that were taken into consideration in the study
MOBİL SAĞLIK UYGULAMALARININ TOPLUM TARAFINDAN BENİMSENME DURUMUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Zeytun Şura , Keskin Bahar , Aslan Yasemin
Published: May 2024

Evrensel bir değer olan sağlık, ulusal ve uluslararası metinlerle güvence altına alınmıştır. Sağlığın geliştirilmesi, korunması, tedavi edilmesi ve sağlıklı yaşam tarzının teşvik edilmesinde faydalanılan araçlardan biri mobil sağlık uygulamalarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mobil sağlık uygulamalarının toplum tarafından benimsenme durumunun değerlendirilmesidir. Kesitsel tipte ve retrospektif olarak tasarlana çalışmada, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle 500 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Number Cruncher Statistical System 2020 Statistical Software programı kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin toplamı için Cronbach Alpha katsayısı 0,977 olarak saptanmış ve yüksek derecede güvenilir bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçları, katılımcıların çoğunun Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın mobil sağlık uygulamalarını kullandığını (%78) ve faydalı bulduğunu (%88) göstermektedir. Çalışmada genç yaş grubunun mobil sağlık uygulamalarını benimsemeye daha yatkın olduğu bulunmuştur. Algılanan Kullanım Kolaylığı’nın Algılanan Fayda üzerinde pozitif yönde iyi düzeyde anlamlı bir etkiye ve yine Algılanan Kullanım Kolaylığı’nın Kullanım Niyeti üzerinde pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mobil sağlık uygulamalarını kullanan ve faydalı bulan katılımcıların mobil uygulama benimseme puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur.