bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiogram and Bacteriological Assessment of Raw Meat Sold in Owerri, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Azudialu Bede Chinedu , Ngozi Ohalete Chinyere , Frances Ogunnaya , Nkem Benjamin Iheanyichukwu , Nwokeji Calistus Muodebe
Published: July 2024

This study assessed the antibiogram and bacteriological assessment of raw meat sold in Owerri. Samples of fresh beef were taken from beef vendors from three (3) markets; Relief market, Ekeonuwa market and Amakohia market in Owerri, Imo State. Three samples each weighing 100g were aseptically collected in sterile polythene pouches, sealed and transported in ice to the Imo State University Microbiological Laboratory for microbiologic alanalysis within some few hours of collection. The results of this study showed that the total heterotropic bacteria counts of ranged from 3.72× 105cfu/g - 4.2 × 105cfu/g , the coliform bacterial counts ranged from 1.9 × 105cfu/g - 2.7 × 105cfu/g while the total salmonella shigella count ranged from 0cfu/g -4.12x103cfu/g. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 50 bacterial isolates obtained, E. coli [15 (27.7)] and Staphylococcus spp [15 (27.7)] were the prevalent isolates. Other bacterial pathogens incriminated in this study were Salmonella spp [9(18.0)], Bacillus spp [7(14.0), and Streptococus spp [4 (8.0)].Most of the Gram-positive bacteria were highly susceptible to ceftizoxime and the Gram-negative to gentamicin and cefotaxime. E. coli, was susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam (71% susceptibility), cefotaxime (71%), ciprofloxacin (94%), chloramphenicol (94%), ceftizoxime (100%), ofloxacin (82%), and amikacin (100%). S. aureus was susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam (75%), cephalexin (75%), cefotaxime (100%), roxithromycin (75%), lincomycin (75%), and gentamicin (100%). Bacterial quality of fresh beef sold in Owerri has shown that beef sold in Owerri is contaminated with Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. but the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was low.This findings shall guide clinicians in the management of food poisoning/enteritis from possible meat consumption. Effective supervision and health education of meat sellers and their abbatoirs is highly recommended.
In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Syzigium aromaticum (Clove) against Bacteria Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in Shendi Town, Sudan
Authors: Hamid Balsam Tagelsir Alsafi , Hakim Nusaiba Abdelrahman M. , Abdelgader Leila Mohamed A. , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Hammad Khalid Saeed , Altaher Tibyan Abdalmajed , Al-hamodi Mubarak Ghaleb H.
Published: July 2024

Background: Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. It has been postulated that the geographical locations of the herbs affect the constituents of their essential oils and thus the degree of their antimicrobial action. Syzigium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice used as an antimicrobial agent and an alternative solution to increased antibiotic resistance by bacterial strains.
Objective: This study aimed to study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different clove concentrations against bacteria isolated from clinical specimens.
Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Shendi City, Sudan, from February to March 2023, at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences. 50 samples were collected from urine and wounds, from which eight strains of pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using gram stain and biochemical tests. Clove was tested using a 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% concentration.
Results: Out of 50 clinical specimens, standard strains were confirmed as S. aureus 13 (26%), S. epidermidis 7 (14%), E. faecalis 1 (2%), E. coli 15 (30%), Enterobacter 3 (6%), Citrobacter 2 (4%), K. pneumoniae 4 (8%), and P. aeruginosa 5 (10%). Clove showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against all clinical isolates and standard strains.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the aqueous extract of clove can exhibit high antimicrobial activity against all types of tested organisms, both clinical and standard. The findings indicate that, besides being safe and sensorial attractive, Clove has antimicrobial activity, making it an herbal antimicrobial agent.
QUESTÕES LINGUÍSTICO-DISCURSIVAS PROVOCADAS PELA PANDEMIA DO CORONAVÍRUS
Authors: Oliveira Luciano
Published: July 2024

Este ensaio trata de três questões linguístico-discursivas surgidas na pandemia do coronavírus. A primeira, e mais simples, é sobre a grafia e o gênero da palavra covid-19. A segunda diz respeito aos efeitos extralinguísticos provocados pela expressão grupo de risco. A última questão está relacionada ao negacionismo científico e aos limites da argumentação. Essas questões são discutidas a partir das regras de formação de palavras, do Acordo Ortográfico, do conceito de discurso proposto por Michel Foucault (2008), do conceito de pós-verdade mobilizado por Matthew D’Ancona (2018) e das considerações sobre argumentação propostas por Philippe Breton (2003). A discussão dessas questões evidencia que a pandemia do coronavírus provocou, pelo menos, três questões relativas à linguagem, duas das quais provocaram consequências extralinguísticas importantes para a sociedade brasileira.
LA LENGUA VIRAL:
Authors: Baudo Lorena Guadalupe
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo explora el trasvase metafórico en torno a la pandemia del inglés al español, centrándose en las asociaciones culturales divergentes (Schäffner, 2004). El objeto de este estudio es proponer alternativas traslativas al orden metafórico imperante de enfermedad es guerra mediante la localización de metáforas conceptuales procedentes del Sur Global. El marco teórico entrecruza conceptos de los Estudios de Traducción como la modulación (Molina y Hurtado Albir, 2002), miradas localizadas frente a la globalización (Bauman, 1991) e ideas de la Semiótica de la Cultura, como  modelización (Lotman, 2011) y orden de la cultura (Barei, 2006). Se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico-descriptivo de configuraciones textuales de amplia circulación y sus efectos retóricos. Se presentan resultados parciales: dos alternativas traductológicas localizadas, junto con sus expresiones lingüísticas y herramientas de reflexión para el/la traductor/a y de comunicación para el diálogo con actores del sector.
DENOMINAÇÃO, REFERENCIAÇÃO E (RE)AVALIAÇÃO DE ESSA DOENÇA MALDITA EM POSTAGENS NO FACEBOOK
Authors: Haiden de Lacerda Gustavo , Romualdo Edson Carlos , Lara Renata Marcelle
Published: July 2024

Este texto apresenta uma discussão acerca dos processos de denominação, referenciação e (re)avaliação na construção de sentidos para a expressão essa doença maldita, em postagens do grupo do Facebook “Profiles de Gente Morta”. Sustentado na Linguística Textual, dentro da teoria sociocognitiva-interacional, o estudo compreende tanto a nomeação quanto a referenciação como atividades discursivas que articulam o domínio linguístico ao extralinguístico, tendo em vista as práticas sociais em que se insere a interação. Ao observar a construção heterogênea do texto, especialmente as diferentes formas de intertextualidade (alusão, discurso citado, aspeamento, dêiticos de memória), mostra-se como os fenômenos de denominação, referenciação e avaliação são constituintes da construção heterogênea dos sentidos no texto.
UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERVENÇÃO PARA O ENSINO REMOTO:
Authors: Souza do Nascimento Lourdes Pamela , Alencar Beatriz Aparecida , Barbosa da Silva Cavalcante Letícia
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o intuito de explorar as possibilidades de aprendizagem de maneira remota, diante do contexto da Covid 19. O trabalho se concretiza a partir da estruturação de uma proposta de intervenção com foco no ensino de Língua Portuguesa para o 3º semestre do Técnico Integrado ao EM. Para tanto, selecionamos textos multimodais que abordam a Variação e o Preconceito Linguístico com base no Letramento Crítico. O trabalho fundamenta-se nos preceitos da pesquisa ação com proposição de transposição didática. O conteúdo foi previsto para um período de 9h/aula com atividades síncronas (google meet) e assíncronas (google forms). Como contribuição, este trabalho mostra-se relevante no processo de aprendizagem de LP, pois os estudantes podem ler, refletir, dialogar e produzir textos além de cooperar para o trabalho de educadores interessados em aulas mais interativas.
PARÁFRASE E POLISSEMIA EM TÍTULOS DE OBRAS LITERÁRIAS INFANTOJUVENIS E OS SENTIDOS EM TORNO DA PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: De Andrade Linhares Allan , De Aquino Luciana Maria
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho aborda a construção de sentidos acerca da pandemia covid-19 em de títulos de obras literárias infantojuvenis brasileiras. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo e interpretativo amparada pelos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso de orientação francesa a partir dos estudos de Pêcheux reteorizados por Orlandi. Buscamos investigar as construções parafrásticas e polissêmicas nos títulos das obras a fim de identificarmos as regularidades discursivas, os deslocamentos de sentido e os efeitos metafóricos em torno da temática pandemia. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por 17 títulos. Entendemos que o título é matéria constituinte da obra literária, aciona discursos, descortina a memória e, como tal, é historicamente construído. Constatamos a presença da paráfrase tanto em retomadas de termos recorrentes no contexto da pandemia, como na retomada de discursos de combate ao vírus. Quanto à polissemia, evidenciamos sua presença em obras que propõem não só a abordagem do tema a partir de uma narrativa ficcional, mas também a reflexão que se ancora na observância dos sentimentos ocasionados pela pandemia.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A CONSCIÊNCIA METALINGUÍSTICA E O APAGAMENTO DO /R/ FINAL DE PALAVRAS NA ESCRITA DE CRIANÇAS BAIANAS EM FASE DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO EM UM CONTEXTO DE (PÓS) PANDEMIA
Authors: De Freitas Amanda Cristina , Feliciano de Faria Pablo Picasso
Published: July 2024

A Consciência Metalinguística (CM) tem papel na aquisição da escrita (Barrera; Maluf, 2003). O apagamento do /R/ na fala é encontrado também na escrita, conforme Dutra e Pinto (2014) e Santos e Costa (2013). Investigou-se a relação entre a CM e a realização do /R/ em final de palavra na escrita de crianças em alfabetização. Participaram do estudo 58 alunos do 1º ao 3º ano de uma escola particular e de uma escola pública de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Crianças de séries mais avançadas mostraram melhor desenvolvimento da escrita e menos apagamento do /R/. Contextos de ressilabificação, na oralidade, não afetaram a realização do /R/ final. Encontramos uma correlação moderada à forte entre o índice de CM obtido e o desempenho em tarefas de escrita e ditado de palavras terminadas em /R/. O contexto da pandemia pode ter influenciado o desempenho das crianças.
FEATURE CHECKING AND SILENT NOUNS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE NOMINAL AGREEMENT
Authors: Pereira Bruna Karla
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a work on nominal concord in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) structures, such as the following: (ia) “10 ovos caipira vermelhos” (10 egg-PL caipira red-PL / ‘10 red pasture-raised eggs’) and (ia’) “10 ovos [(do TIPO) caipira] vermelhos” (10 egg-PL (of-the TYPE) caipira red-PL / ‘10 red pasture-raised eggs’). Most of the data were collected from written sources that require the use of standard language concerning agreement, id est, the redundant plural marking in the constituents of the DP able to bear inflection. That is why the morpheme -s is marked in ovos and vermelhos (ia). Being so, why is the word caipira (ia) unmarked with the plural morpheme? Following Kayne’s (2005, 2019, 2021a, 2021b), Pesetsky’s (2007, 2013), Höhn’s (2016), and Pereira’s (2016a, 2016b, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2024) approach on structures with apparent mismatch of agreement, I argue that (ia) licenses a silent noun TIPO (TYPE), preceded by the preposition de (‘of’), as illustrated in (ia’). Therefore, caipira is inflected in singular, because it agrees in number with a singular silent noun. This analysis also applies to other structures that license the silent nouns TAMANHO (SIZE), TOM (HUE), and SOBRENOME (SURNAME). As a result, there is no “unagreement”, in the phrases at stake, but agreement between the adjective and a silent noun, in the DP-internal cartography.
EM DIREÇÃO A UMA PROPOSTA DE ANÁLISE DOS VERBOS ESPACIAIS NA LÍNGUA BRASILEIRA DE SINAIS (LIBRAS)
Authors: Silva Keyla Maria Santana da , Naves Rozana Reigota
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho investiga as propriedades morfossintáticas e semânticas dos verbos espaciais na língua de sinais brasileira (Libras), em comparação com os verbos com concordância, especificamente quanto ao papel do movimento direcional (DIR) na codificação de argumentos na estrutura sintática das sentenças. Consideramos, com Meir (2002), que: o movimento direcional identifica papéis temáticos, enquanto a orientação das mãos identifica o argumento interno dativo; a oposição entre corpo e espaço retrata a categoria gramatical de pessoa (1p versus não-1p) ou outras localizações no espaço. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por sentenças com verbos de movimento, eliciadas segundo a classificação semântica feita por Levin (1993). A análise demonstrou que há diferenças morfossintáticas nos parâmetros fonológicos dos verbos espaciais e dos verbos com concordância, resultando na seguinte proposta: verbos espaciais em Libras são verbos de concordância simples, apresentando apenas um traço [localização] a ser valorado na sintaxe (Lourenço, 2018a,b e seguintes); quando empregados com argumentos dativos, esses verbos apresentam uma estrutura complexa que combina um verbo de concordância simples ao sintagma dativo, introduzido por um núcleo relacional (Mesquita, 2019); os traços [localização] e [pessoa]/[número] integram o feixe de traços-phi do núcleo D0 e correspondem, respectivamente, ao movimento direcional e à orientação da mão.
A PROPÓSITO DOS VINTE E CINCO ANOS DO PROGRAMA CARTOGRÁFICO NO BRASIL:
Authors: Quarezemin Sandra , Tescari Neto Aquiles
Published: July 2024

Ao celebrar os 25 anos do Programa Cartográfico no Brasil, o artigo tem por objetivo revisar estudos produzidos no país sobre a Cartografia Sintática, considerando um dos objetivos do programa, nomeadamente o de recorrer às hierarquias reveladas pela pesquisa cartográfica como um explanans (i.e., como explicações, no sentido dos epistemólogos (Hempel; Oppenheim, 1948)). Para isso, faz-se uma revisão de alguns trabalhos produzidos por pesquisadores brasileiros, com destaque para estudos — que recorreram às hierarquias como um explanans — sobre a cartografia da oração nos domínios do CP, IP e vP. O estudo não só atesta contribuições da cartografia à Teoria e Análise Linguística no Brasil como também a vivacidade do programa em território nacional.
Multiplex Illumina Sequencing Using DNA Barcoding
Authors: Wong Koon Ho , Jin Yi , Moqtaderi Zarmik
Published: January 2013

The amount of sequence obtained by modern sequencing machines greatly exceeds the sequencing depth requirements of many experiments, especially those involving organisms with small genomes. In the interest of economy and efficiency, various strategies have been developed for multiplexing, in which samples are uniquely tagged with short identifying sequences known as barcodes, pooled, and then sequenced together in a single lane. The resulting combined sequence data are subsequently sorted by barcode before bioinformatic analysis. This unit contains a barcoding protocol for the preparation of up to 96 ChIP samples for multiplex sequencing in a single flow cell lane on the Illumina platform. This strategy may be extended to even larger numbers of samples and may also be generalized to other sequencing applications or sequencing platforms. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 101:7.11.1–7.11.11. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Phospho‐Motif Antibodies to Determine Kinase Substrates
Authors: White Colin D. , Toker Alex
Published: January 2013

Phosphorylation of substrates by protein kinases regulates a myriad of cellular processes, ranging from proliferation and migration to autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis. Kinase substrate selectivity is largely dependent on the amino acid sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site; therefore, substrate‐directed, phosphorylation‐state‐sensitive, motif‐specific (“phospho‐motif”) antibodies represent powerful tools to identify novel kinase substrates and to investigate mechanisms of substrate phosphorylation in many signaling pathways typically associated with human malignancies. Phospho‐motif antibodies are engineered to recognize proteins that contain a phosphorylated residue in the context of a specific motif. They are raised against a library of phospho‐peptides comprising both the phosphorylated residue and the surrounding residues that determine kinase specificity, with degenerate residues taking up the remaining positions. Currently, several categories of phospho‐motif antibody are commercially available, which may be used to specifically detect Ser, Thr, Ser/Thr, or Tyr residues phosphorylated by different protein kinase families. These antibodies are commonly used in immunoprecipitation and/or immunoblotting protocols to determine kinase‐induced substrate phosphorylation. This unit describes the use of phospho‐motif antibodies to elucidate the kinase(s) responsible for phosphorylating substrate proteins. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 101:18.20.1–18.20.11. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Capture Hybridization Analysis of RNA Targets (CHART)
Authors: Simon Matthew D.
Published: January 2013

The genome is regulated by trans‐acting factors that bind to specific loci in chromatin. In addition to protein factors, it has become clear that large non‐coding RNAs can also act on chromatin at sites distant from where they are transcribed. This unit describes a means of identifying the genomic targets of those large non‐coding RNAs. To accomplish this, the endogenous RNA of interest (here Drosophila roX2 is used as an example) is enriched from cross‐linked chromatin extracts using short biotinylated complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides. The targets of the RNA can be determined by examining the proteins and DNA that are enriched under these conditions. This analysis can be extended genome‐wide by subjecting the enriched DNA to deep sequencing. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 101:21.25.1–21.25.16. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of DNA Microarrays: Types, Applications, and Their Future
Authors: Bumgarner Roger
Published: January 2013

This unit provides an overview of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are a technology in which thousands of nucleic acids are bound to a surface and are used to measure the relative concentration of nucleic acid sequences in a mixture via hybridization and subsequent detection of the hybridization events. This overview first discusses the history of microarrays and the antecedent technologies that led to their development. This is followed by discussion of the methods of manufacture of microarrays and the most common biological applications. The unit ends with a brief description of the limitations of microarrays and discusses how microarrays are being rapidly replaced by DNA sequencing technologies. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 101:22.1.1–22.1.11. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the origins, rapid expansion and genetic diversity of native Americans from hunting‐gatherers to agriculturalists
Authors: Regueiro Maria , Alvarez Joseph , Rowold Diane , Herrera Rene J.
Published: January 2013

Given the importance of Y‐chromosome haplogroup Q to better understand the source populations of contemporary Native Americans, we studied 8 biallelic and 17 microsatellite polymorphisms on the background of 128 Q Y‐chromosomes from geographically targeted populations. The populations examined in this study include three from the Tuva Republic in Central Asia (Bai‐Tai, Kungurtug, and Toora‐Hem, n = 146), two from the northeastern tip of Siberia (New Chaplino and Chukchi, n = 32), and two from Mesoamerica (Mayans from Yucatan, Mexico n = 72, and Mayans from the Guatemalan Highlands, n = 43). We also see evidence of a dramatic Mesoamerican post‐migration population growth in the ubiquitous and diverse Y‐STR profiles of the Mayan and other Mesoamerican populations. In the case of the Mayans, this demographic growth was most likely fueled by the agricultural‐ and trade‐based subsistence adopted during the Pre‐Classic, Classic and Post‐Classic periods of their empire. The limited diversity levels observed in the Altaian and Tuvinian regions of Central Asia, the lowest of all populations examined, may be the consequence of bottleneck events fostered by the spatial isolation and low effective population size characteristic of a nomadic lifestyle. Furthermore, our data illustrate how a sociocultural characteristic such as mode of subsistence may be of impact on the genetic structure of populations. We analyzed our genetic data using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of populations, Principal Component Analysis of individuals, Median‐joining networks of M242, M346, L54, and M3 individuals, age estimations based on microsatellite variation utilizing genealogical and evolutionary mutation rates/generation times and estimation of Y‐ STR average gene diversity indices. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: A pilot study: Smooth surface early caries (caries incipiens) detection with kavo diagnodent in historical material
Authors: Tomczyk Jacek , Komarnitki Iulian , Olczak‐Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: January 2013

In many odontological studies concerning archeological material, there is no analysis of early caries lesions (caries incipiens) that manifest as a carious spot. At this stage of caries, the enamel is still hard, and thus, it is impossible to diagnose caries by visual methods. We assessed the usefulness of the DIAGNODent pen (DD laser) in analyzing noncavity lesions on the smooth surface sites of crowns from historical populations. Twenty‐seven individuals were examined: 18 from Radom (Poland), and nine from Tell Masaikh and Terqa (Syria). A total of 562 teeth were characterized. The series represented different climatic zones, but were dated from the similar period, 18th to 19th century AD. We used four diagnostic techniques: visual, DD laser, radiographic, and histological as the gold standard. DD laser showed that the mean values of healthy enamel in both series did not exceed 15 units. The mean values of smooth and rough spots in the Syrian population were significantly higher than those from Poland. This study showed that all the noncarious spots from the Radom series did not exceed 30 units. In the Syrian samples, this limit was higher at 44 units. These results were confirmed by histology and radiography. The DD laser provided good results in detecting dentine carious lesions in historical material, but its efficiency in diagnosing early caries (caries incipiens) remains uncertain based on the presented series. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metamerism, morphogenesis, and the expression of carabelli and other dental traits in humans
Authors: Moormann Stephanie , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie , Hunter John
Published: January 2013

The patterning cascade model of tooth morphogenesis has emerged as a useful tool in explaining how tooth shape develops and how tooth evolution may occur. Enamel knots, specialized areas of dental epithelium where cusps initiate, act as signaling centers that direct the growth of surrounding tissues. For a new cusp to form, an enamel knot must form beyond the inhibition fields of other enamel knots. The model predicts that the number and size of cusps depends on the spacing between enamel knots, reflected in the spacing between cusps. Recently, work by our group demonstrated that the model predicted Carabelli trait expression in human first molars. Here we test whether differences in Carabelli trait expression along the molar row can also be predicted by the model. Crown areas and intercusp distances were measured from dental casts of 316 individuals with a digital microscope. Although absolute cusp spacing is similar in first and second molars, the smaller size and more triangular shape of second molars results in larger cusp spacing relative to size and, likely, less opportunity for the Carabelli trait to form. The presence and size of the hypocone (HY) and a range of small accessory cusps in a larger sample of 340 individuals were also found to covary with the Carabelli trait in a complex way. The results of this study lend further support to the view that the dentition develops, varies, and evolves as a single functional complex. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A text mining approach to assist the general public in the retrieval of legal documents
Authors: Chen Yen‐Liang , Liu Yi‐Hung , Ho Wu‐Liang
Published: January 2013

Applying text mining techniques to legal issues has been an emerging research topic in recent years. Although some previous studies focused on assisting professionals in the retrieval of related legal documents, they did not take into account the general public and their difficulty in describing legal problems in professional legal terms. Because this problem has not been addressed by previous research, this study aims to design a text‐mining‐based method that allows the general public to use everyday vocabulary to search for and retrieve criminal judgments. The experimental results indicate that our method can help the general public, who are not familiar with professional legal terms, to acquire relevant criminal judgments more accurately and effectively.
Quality-of-care initiative in patients treated surgically for perforated peptic ulcer
Authors:   Danish Clinical Register of Emergency Surgery, Møller M H , Larsson H J , Rosenstock S , Jørgensen H , Johnsen S P , Madsen A H , Adamsen S , Jensen A G , Zimmermann-Nielsen E , Thomsen R W
Published: January 2013

Background

Mortality and morbidity are considerable after treatment for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). Since 2003, a Danish nationwide quality-of-care (QOC) improvement initiative has focused on reducing preoperative delay, and improving perioperative monitoring and care for patients with PPU. The present study reports the results of this initiative.

Methods

This was a nationwide cohort study based on prospectively collected data, involving all hospitals caring for patients with PPU in Denmark. Details of patients treated surgically for PPU between September 2004 and August 2011 were reported to the Danish Clinical Register of Emergency Surgery. Changes in baseline patient characteristics and in seven QOC indicators are presented, including relative risks (RRs) for achievement of the indicators.

Results

The study included 2989 patients. An increasing number fulfilled the following four QOC indicators in 2010–2011 compared with the first 2 years of monitoring: preoperative delay no more than 6 h (59·0 versus 54·0 per cent; P = 0·030), daily monitoring of bodyweight (48·0 versus 29·0 per cent; P < 0·001), daily monitoring of fluid balance (79·0 versus 74·0 per cent; P = 0·010) and daily monitoring of vital signs (80·0 versus 68·0 per cent; P < 0·001). A lower proportion of patients had discontinuation of routine prophylactic antibiotics (82·0 versus 90·0 per cent; P < 0·001). Adjusted 30-day mortality decreased non-significantly from 2005–2006 to 2010–2011 (adjusted RR 0·87, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·76 to 1·00), whereas the rate of reoperative surgery remained unchanged (adjusted RR 0·98, 0·78 to 1·23).

Conclusion

This nationwide quality improvement initiative was associated with reduced preoperative delay and improved perioperative monitoring in patients with PPU. A non-significant improvement was seen in 30-day mortality.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Lithium‐Containing Honeycomb Structure.
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Bhardwaj Neha , Tomar Nobel , Thakral Vaishali , Uma S.
Published: January 2013

Two new series of mixed‐metal oxides of lithium with rock‐salt based honeycomb‐like structures are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of New Rare Earth Silicate Fluorides: A Novel Class of Polar Materials.
Authors: McMillen Colin D. , Emirdag‐Eanes Mehtap , Stritzinger Jared T. , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: January 2013

The crystal structures of the new silicate fluorides (IV), (VI), and (VII) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba3LnInS6 (Ln: Pr, Sm, Gd, Yb) and Ba2LnGaS5 (Ln: Pr, Nd): Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic and Optical Properties.
Authors: Feng Kai , Shi Youguo , Yin Wenlong , Wang Wendong , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: January 2013

The title compounds are prepared by reaction of Ln (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb), BaS, and In2S3 or Ga2S3 (evacuated silica tube, 1323 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and ab Initio Study of Cu5+δIn2+xSb2‐x: A New B8‐Related Structure Type.
Authors: Mueller Carola J. , Lidin Sven , Ramos de Debiaggi Susana , Deluque Toro Crispulo E. , Fernandez Guillermet Armando
Published: January 2013

Cu5.33In2.29Sb1.71 is prepared from the elements (900 °C, 3 d, annealing at 300 °C for 30 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Asymmetric Ugi‐Type Reaction with Acyclic Azomethine Imines.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Kimura Hidenori , Kawamata Yu , Maruoka Keiji
Published: January 2013

In the presence of axially chiral dicarboxylic acid BNDA as catalyst, 2‐benzoyloxyaryl isocyanides react with azomethine imines generated in situ from aldehydes and benzhydrazide (II), to give oxadiazine derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Aryl Geranyl Ethers.
Authors: Toerincsi Mercedes , Kolonits Pal , Fekete Jenoe , Novak Lajos
Published: January 2013

The thermal rearrangement reactions of aryl geranyl ethers are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Swern Oxidation and Corey—Kim Oxidation with Ion‐Supported Methyl Sulfoxides and Methyl Sulfides.
Authors: Tsuchiya Daisuke , Tabata Masayuki , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: January 2013

Swern oxidation of various benzylic and secondary alcohols proceeds with two new ion‐supported methyl sulfoxides HSO and DSO in the presence of oxalyl chloride and triethylamine to give the corresponding aldehydes and ketones after simple work up.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(0) Particles: Catalytic Hydrogenations and Spectroscopic Studies.
Authors: Welther Alice , Bauer Matthias , Mayer Matthias , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: January 2013

The title reaction is successfully carried out under economic and environmentally friendly conditions with iron as a cheap and nontoxic metal catalyst for various allylbenzenes, styrenes, stilbenes, and diarylacetylenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Soluble Copper(I) Source and Stable Salts of Volatile Ligands for Copper‐Catalyzed C—X Couplings.
Authors: Maligres Peter E. , Krska Shane W. , Dormer Peter G.
Published: January 2013

It is found that soluble [Cu2I4](Bu4N)2 in combination with the MesOH salts of 1,2‐cyclohexanediamine, N,N≈‐dimethylcyclohexanediamine, and N,N≈‐dimethylethylenediamine efficiently promotes the coupling of aromatic, vinylic, and acetylenic iodides and bromides with amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Coupling of Arenes with Olefins by Rh‐Catalyzed C—H Activation in Air: Observation of a Strong Cooperation of the Acid.
Authors: Zheng Lu , Wang Jianhui
Published: January 2013

A series of monosubstituted or 1,2‐ or 1,3‐disubstituted arenes undergo the coupling with acrylates, styrene, allylbenzene or olefin (Xb) in the presence of air as terminal oxidant, Cu(OAc)2 as co‐oxidant, and CCl3COOH as highly efficient additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Influence of Chiral 1,1′‐Biscarboline‐N,N′‐dioxide on the Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilanes.
Authors: Bai Bing , Zhu Hua‐Jie , Pan Wei
Published: January 2013

A new axially chiral biscarboline‐N,N′‐dioxide Lewis base organocatalyst is used in the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilane (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Method for the Allylation of Heteroarenes Catalyzed by PdCl2.
Authors: Yuan Feng‐Quan , Sun Feng‐Yi , Han Fu‐She
Published: January 2013

Various furan, indole and thiophene derivatives are efficiently allylated with several allylic acetates used as an inseparable mixture of regioisomers in the presence of only 2 mol% of PdCl2 under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodide‐Promoted Deselenylation of β‐Chloro‐ and β‐Oxyselenides to Form Alkenes and Selenenyl Iodides.
Authors: Sase Shohei , Ebisawa Kazuaki , Goto Kei
Published: January 2013

The mechanism of the deselenylation reaction of β‐chloro‐ and β‐oxyselenides in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxytrifluoromethylation of Multiple Bonds Using Copper Catalyst under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Shimizu Ryo , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: January 2013

Optimized conditions are developed for the reactions of styrenes or alkynes with Togni reagent (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Selective Synthesis of N‐Boc Protected Secondary Amines: Tandem Direct Reductive Amination/N‐Boc Protection.
Authors: Neelarapu Raghupathi , Petukhov Pavel A.
Published: January 2013

An efficient, selective, step‐economic, and versatile procedure for the title synthesis is developed by using inexpensive and well‐tolerated reaction conditions with exception of weakly nucleophilic arylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Positional Chemoselectivity in the Zn(II)‐Mediated Removal of Phenol Protecting Groups.
Authors: Fleury Lauren M. , Gianino Joseph B. , Ashfeld Brandon L.
Published: January 2013

Reaction conditions involving ZnCl2 are developed for the selective ortho‐deprotection of aldehydes or related carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Allenylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Reddy Leleti Rajender
Published: January 2013

The first chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed allenylation of aldehydes (I) with propargyl borolane (II) to provide enantiomerically enriched α‐allenic alcohols (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol Condensation of Amides Using Phosphazene‐Based Catalysis.
Authors: Foo Siong Wan , Oishi Shun , Saito Susumu
Published: January 2013

The novel method employs an NPC‐based system without any need for a metal catalyst or stoichiometric quantities of acid or base.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Tandem Reactions at Elevated Temperatures: One‐Pot Hydroformylations/SN1 Alkylation.
Authors: Stiller Julian , Vorholt Andreas J. , Ostrowski Karoline A. , Behr Arno , Christmann Mathias
Published: January 2013

Terminal olefins and diarylmethanol (III) give under optimized conditions employing a rhodium/ruthenium/prolinol catalyst system α‐substituted aldehydes with up to 98% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Fluorene via Iron‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Biaryl Alcohols.
Authors: Sarkar Soumen , Maiti Sukhendu , Bera Krishnendu , Jalal Swapnadeep , Janan Umasish
Published: January 2013

The transformation is achieved under extremely mild and neutral conditions to give various fluorene structure including spirobifluorene (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Lithiation‐Directing Ability of Oxetane for the Regioselective Preparation of Functionalized 2‐Aryloxetane Scaffolds under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Coppi Donato Ivan , Salomone Antonio , Perna Filippo Maria , Capriati Vito
Published: January 2013

The first examples for utilization of oxetane as an directing metalation group are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conversion of Primary Alcohols to α‐exo‐Methylene γ‐Butyrolactones via Iridium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond‐Forming Transfer Hydrogenation: 2‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)allylation.
Authors: Montgomery T. Patrick , Hassan Abbas , Park Boyoung Y. , Krische Michael J.
Published: January 2013

Iridium‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenative C—C coupling of acrylic ester (I) to alcohols (II) or (IV) induce the enantioselective formation of butyrolactones such as (III) or (V) via 2‐(alkocycarbonyl)allylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative N‐Silylation of Indoles with Hydrosilanes.
Authors: Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Iketani Yoshihiko , Sekine Masaru
Published: January 2013

Zinc triflate in a nitrile solvent is an effective catalyst for the title reaction of indoles with an substituent at any of the six possible positions, as well as pyrroles and carbazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reaction to Construct Spirocyclic Oxindoles with a Michael (Triple Michael)/Cyclization Cascade Sequence as the Key Step.
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Ning , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun
Published: January 2013

The reaction of an isocyanide, an allenoate, and an isatylidene malononitrile is studied for a variety of examples.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Diamidophosphite Ligands and Their Application to the Palladium‐Catalyzed Vinyl‐Substituted Trimethylenemethane Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Lam Tom M.
Published: January 2013

The new ligand allows reactivity and selectivity that is not observed prior this work.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Azoles Incorporating a Sulfonamide Moiety as Anticonvulsant Agents.
Authors: Farag Awatef A. , Abd‐Alrahman Safaa N. , Ahmed Gihan F. , Ammar Ramy M. , Ammar Yousry A. , Abbas Samir Y.
Published: January 2013

A variety of azole, pyridine and chromene derivatives incorporating a sulfonamide moiety are synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naphtho[2,1‐b]pyranopyrrolothiazole Derivatives Through 1,3‐Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Kathiravan Subban , Raghunathan Raghavachary
Published: January 2013

of cyclic azomethine ylides with Baylis—Hillman adducts (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Access to 2‐Alkyl Chromanones via a Conjugate Addition Approach.
Authors: Stubbing Louise A. , Li Freda F. , Furkert Daniel P. , Caprio Vittorio E. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: January 2013

The introduction of alkyl substituents is performed via conjugate addition of silyl enol ethers to chromenones in the presence of TmsOTf.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Oxide Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for Pyrazolyl 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Murugan R. , Ramamoorthy K. , Sundarrajan S. , Ramakrishna S.
Published: January 2013

A mild, cost effective, and highly efficient catalyst is presented for the rapid, simple, and cleaner title reaction which includes an easy work‐up procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: New Domino Heteroannulation of Enaminones: Synthesis of Diverse Fused Naphthyridines.
Authors: Li Jing , Yu Yan , Tu Man‐Su , Jiang Bo , Wang Shu‐Liang , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: January 2013

A mild, fast, excellent atom‐economical, and convenient one‐pot method for the synthesis of the title compound is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of gem‐Difluorinated 1,6‐Naphthyridine‐5,7‐diones.
Authors: Piron Karel , Kenis Sara , Verniest Guido , Surmont Riccardo , Thuring Jan Willem , ten Holte Peter , Deroose Frederik , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: January 2013

A copper‐mediated cross‐coupling of difluoroacetate (II) with haloarenes followed by hydrolysis of the nitrile group/cyclization gives access to title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Barbituric and Thiobarbituric Acid Fluoro Analogues of Benzenesulfonamides as Antidiabetic and Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Faidallah Hassan M. , Khan Khalid A.
Published: January 2013

Almost all new compounds (III), (V), (VII), (VIII), and (X) possess very good antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Benzoxazinone Compounds as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Chen Shaopeng , Li Xuemin , Wan Shengbiao , Jiang Tao
Published: January 2013

Two analogues of the anticancer drug gefitinib and lapatinib, the novel benzoxazinone derivatives (XI), are designed and synthesized starting from dihydrobenzoic acid (I).
ChemInform Abstract: An Imine‐Based Route to Polycyclic Chlorinated ε‐Lactams by Formation of C—C Bonds as Key Steps.
Authors: Brockmeyer Fabian , Stalling Timo , Martens Juergen
Published: January 2013

Saturated and unsaturated versions of the desired heterocyclic skeleton are prepared as diastereomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed 8‐exo‐trig Intramolecular Heck Reaction under Microwave Irradiation in the Presence of Basic Alumina.
Authors: Mondal Nirup B. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

This is the first report about benzoxocinoquinoline synthesis through the application of a Heck‐type coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Unusual Dinuclear Chiral Iron Complex and Its Application in Asymmetric Hydrophosphorylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Muthupandi Pandi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: January 2013

For the first time a chiral iron complex as a catalyst is successfully applied to the title synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Thin Films
Authors: Chai Guo Zhi , Guo Dang Wei , Fan Xiao Long , Xue De Sheng
Published: January 2013

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Liquid Junction Potential in Potentiometric Titrations. XII. The Calculation of Potentials for Emf Cells with Liquid Junctions, of the Type, AY / AY + A2MoO4 + HY, Involving the Formation of Iso‐Polymolybdates in the Range ‐Log10[H+] ≤ 7, at [A+] 0 C mol·L‐1, Constant, and 25 °C
Authors: Neher‐Neumann Erzsebet
Published: January 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry Strategies for Dynamic Helicates: Time‐Programmable Chirality Switching with Labile and Inert Metal Helicates
Authors: Miyake Hiroyuki , Tsukube Hiroshi
Published: January 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydration and Hydroalkoxylation of CC Multiple Bonds
Authors: Teles J. Henrique
Published: January 2013

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Pure Compounds Related to Chiral Hydroxy Acids Derived from Renewable Resources
Authors: Haleema Simimole , Sasi Paleapadam Vavan , Ibnusaud Ibrahim , Polavarapu Prasad L. , Kagan Henri B.
Published: January 2013

Review: 313 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxylamine Analogues and Derivatives of Amino Acids: Aminooxy Acids
Authors: Zvilichovsky Gury
Published: January 2013

Review: 327 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles from Hydroxylamines and Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Katkevics Martins , Kukosha Tatyana , Lukevics Edmunds
Published: January 2013

Review: 411 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing Chemical Diversity by Stereoselective Gold‐Catalyzed Manipulation of Allylic and Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Cera Gianpiero , Chiarucci Michel , Bandini Marco
Published: January 2013

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Polymeric Flavonoids
Authors: Uyama Hiroshi , Kim Young‐Jin
Published: January 2013

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced Chemistry of Oximes and Derivatives
Authors: Roth Heinz D.
Published: January 2013

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Catalysis of Carbon‐Supported Iron Catalysts for Fischer—Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Sun Bo , Xu Ke , Nguyen Luan , Qiao Minghua , Tao Franklin
Published: January 2013

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Introduction to Sonoelectrochemistry
Authors: Mason Timothy J. , Bernal Veronica Saez
Published: January 2013

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Micellar Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Pergushov Dmitry V. , Mueller Axel H. E. , Schacher Felix H.
Published: January 2013

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemical Biology of Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinases
Authors: Wymann Matthias P. , Schultz Carsten
Published: January 2013

Review: 191 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selecting Speed‐Dependent Pathways for a Programmable Nanoscale Texture by Wet Interfaces
Authors: Fabiano Simone , Pignataro Bruno
Published: January 2013

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoids in Subtribe Centaureinase (Cass.) Dumort. (Tribe Cardueae, Asteraceae): Distribution and 13C‐NMR Spectral Data
Authors: Formisano Carmen , Rigano Daniela , Senatore Felice , Bancheva Svetlana , Maggio Antonella , Rosselli Sergio , Bruno Maurizio
Published: January 2013

Review: 348 refs.
The marriage of Cytology and Cytogenetics
Authors: Dal Cin Paola , Qian Xiaohua , Cibas Edmund S.
Published: January 2013

The past 20 years have witnessed extraordinary advances in the field of cytogenetics, with the discovery that a multitude of neoplasms is characterized by identifiable chromosomal changes. The ability of Cytogenetics to aid in the identification and precise classification of a variety of neoplasms has not gone unnoticed by Cytology. In particular, Cytology has recognized Cytogenetics as a welcome companion in the evaluation of soft tissue tumors, lymphomas, renal and urothelial tumors, and mesothelioma. This relationship requires a good understanding of the proper handling of specimens for optimal evaluation by Cytogenetics. The marriage of Cytology and Cytogenetics will likely grow stronger as more solid tumors (eg, salivary gland neoplasms) are discovered that harbor characteristic chromosomal abnormalities. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:279–90. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Design of high‐speed low‐power parallel‐prefix adder trees in nanometer technologies
Authors: Perri Stefania , Lanuzza Marco , Corsonello Pasquale
Published: January 2013

This paper presents a novel approach to design high‐speed low‐power parallel‐prefix adder trees. Sub‐circuits typically used in the design of parallel‐prefix trees are deeply analyzed and separately optimized. The modules used for computing the group propagate and generate signals have been designed to improve their energy‐delay behavior in an original way. When the ST 45 nm 1 V CMOS technology is used, in comparison with conventional implementations, the proposed approach exhibits computational delay with mean value and standard deviation up to 40% and 48% lower and achieves energy consumption with mean value and standard deviation up to 57% and 40% lower.

A 32‐bit Brent‐Kung tree made as proposed here reaches a computational delay lower than 165 ps and dissipates 147.4fJ on average. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly linear wide‐swing continuous tuning of CMOS transconductors
Authors: Algueta Jose M. , Lopez‐Martin Antonio J. , Ramirez‐Angulo Jaime , Carvajal Ramon G.
Published: January 2013

A technique to improve the input and output range of CMOS transconductors with resistive current division for continuous tuning is presented. Using it, a tunable transconductor is proposed which features high linearity over a wide input range and simplicity. Measurement results of the transconductor, fabricated in a 0.5 µm CMOS process, show an IM3 of −66 dB for a ±1.65 V supply and two input tones centered at 1 MHz of 1 Vpp each, and only 0.7 mW of power consumption. This represents an improvement of 13 dB versus the same transconductor using conventional current division. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ultra‐thin oxide sub‐1 V CMOS bandgap voltage reference
Authors: Bohannon Eric , Washburn Clyde , Mukund P.R.
Published: January 2013

This paper presents a sub‐1 V CMOS bandgap voltage reference that accounts for the presence of direct tunneling‐induced gate current. This current increases exponentially with decreasing oxide thickness and is especially prevalent in traditional (non‐high‐κ/metal gate) ultra‐thin oxide CMOS technologies (tox < 3 nm), where it invalidates the simplifying design assumption of infinite gate resistance. The developed reference (average temperature coefficient, TC_AVG, of 22.5 ppm/°C) overcomes direct tunneling by employing circuit techniques that minimize, balance, and cancel its effects. It is compared to a thick‐oxide voltage reference (TC_AVG = 14.0 ppm/°C) as a means of demonstrating that ultra‐thin oxide MOSFETs can achieve performance similar to that of more expensive thick(er) oxide MOSFETs and that they can be used to design the analog component of a mixed‐signal system. The reference was investigated in a 65 nm CMOS technology with a nominal VDD of 1 V and a physical oxide thickness of 1.25 nm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.