The Relationship Of Undernutrition And Gross Motor Development Of Children Aged 1-5 Years
Authors: Reghita Sivana Gian , Septiana Efa , Ardini Weda Ayu 
Published: February 2024

Latar Belakang: Kekurangan gizi dapat memberikan konsekuensi buruk dimana manifestasi terburuk dapat menyebabkan kematian. Masalah gizi kurang nampaknya belum dapat teratasi dengan baik skala internasioonal. Secara global sebesar 462 juta balita yang mengalami gizi kurang dan 1,9 juta anak mengalami gizi lebih (WHO, Malnutrition, 2020). Angka kematian balita menurut UNICEF sebanyak 37% balita (Unicef, 2021). Angka Gizi kurang di Indonesia juga masih sebanyak sebanyak (17%) (Kemenkes RI, 2022). Menurut laporan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Indonesia memiliki angka kematian balita 19,83 per 100 kelahiran hidup pada 2022 (BPS, 2022). Artinya, dari setiap 100 anak yang lahir dengan selamat, sekitar 19 anak di antaranya meninggal sebelum mencapai usia 5 tahun. Kematian balita salah satunya disebabkan pneumonia (BPS, 2022). Salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang menghadapi masalah malnutrisi adalah Provinsi Lampung, yaitu untuk  kasus gizi kurang berada diperingkat 26 (14,8%) (KemenkesRI, 2022). Kasus gizi kurang belum mencapai target diLampung Timur yaitu 16,7%. Sedangkan prevelensi gizi kurang sebanyak 16,7%. (Kemenkes RI, 2022). Angka Kematian Balita di Provinsi Lampung sebanyak 15.6%. Provinsi Lampung terdapat 15 kabupaten atau kota, salah satunya yaitu kabupaten Lampung Timur. Sebanyak 16,26% angka kematian balita di Lampung Timur (BPS, 2020).Tujuan: Mengetahui ada hubungan gizi kurang dengan perkembangan motorik kasa anak usia 1-5 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kesumadadi Lampung Tengah Tahu 2023Metode:  Desain penelitian dari penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei analitik penelitian dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kesumadadi Lampung Tengah. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian case control. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah data gizi kurang yaitu sejumlah 245 balita dari desa kesumadadi dan 212 balita dari desa sumberjo yang didapatkan dari EPGBM Puskesmas Kesumadadi Lampung Tengah Tahun 2023. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yang dihitung menggunakan  rumus slovin dengan hasil 82 balita didesa Kesumadadi dan desa Sumberjo. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi dan lembar denver II. Analisis data menggunakananalisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan Chi Square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian telah dilakukan analisis univariat yaitu distribusi frekuensi gizi kurang 30 (37%) dan tidak gizi kurang 52 (63%). Distribusi frekuensi motorik kasar status normal sejumlah 51(62%), Suspek 28 (34%), Tidak dapat diuji 3 (4%). Hasil analisis bivariat telah dilakukan analisis data menggunakan chi square didapatkan hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu didapatkan balita yang motorik kasarnya normal terdapat 51 (98%) balita yang tidak gizi kurang, balita yang motoik kasarnya suspek terdapat 27 (90%) balita ber status gizi kurang dan 1  (2%) balita yang status gizi nya baik. Balita yang motorik kasarnya tidak dapat diuji terdapat 3 (10%) balita yang status gizi kurang. Hasil chi square yang didapat yaitu 0,000 < 0,005 yang artinya ada hubungan antara motorik kasar dengan status gizi pada balita.Kesimpulan: Balita yang motorik kasarnya tidak dapat diuji terdapat 3 (10%) balita yang status gizi kurang. Hasil chi square yang didapat yaitu 0,000 < 0,005 yang artinya ada hubungan antara motorik kasar dengan status gizi pada balita.Saran: Dapat dilakukan pencegahan gizi kurang agar seluruh balita memiliki status gizi baik dan motorik kasar normal Kata Kunci : Case Control, Gizi Kurang, Motorik Kasar ABSTRACT Background: Malnutrition can have bad consequences where the worst manifestation can cause death. It seems that the problem of malnutrition has not been resolved well on an international scale. Globally, 462 million children under five are undernourished and 1.9 million children are overnourished (WHO, Malnutrition, 2020). According to UNICEF, the under-five mortality rate is 37% (Unicef, 2021). The malnutrition rate in Indonesia is still as high as (17%) (RI Ministry of Health, 2022). According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) report, Indonesia has a toddler mortality rate of 19.83 per 100 live births in 2022 (BPS, 2022). This means that for every 100 children born safely, around 19 children die before reaching the age of 5 years. One of the deaths of children under five is caused by pneumonia (BPS, 2022). One of the provinces in Indonesia that faces malnutrition problems is Lampung Province, which is ranked 26th (14.8%) for cases of malnutrition (Kemenkes RI, 2022). Malnutrition cases have not yet reached the target in East Lampung, namely 16.7%. Meanwhile, the prevalence of undernutrition is 16.7%. (RI Ministry of Health, 2022). The infant mortality rate in Lampung Province is 15.6%. Lampung Province has 15 districts or cities, one of which is East Lampung district. As much as 16.26% of the under-five mortality rate in East Lampung (BPS, 2020).Objective: To find out whether there is a relationship between malnutrition and the development of fine motor skills in children aged 1-5 years in the Kesumadadi Community Health Center Working Area, Central Lampung, 2023Method: The research design of this study uses an analytical survey method, research carried out in the Kesumadadi Community Health Center Work Area, Central Lampung. The research design used is case control research. The population in this study was malnutrition data, namely 245 toddlers from Kesumadadi village and 212 toddlers from Sumberjo village obtained from the EPGBM of the Kesumadadi Health Center, Central Lampung in 2023. The sample in this study used a purposive sampling technique which was calculated using the Slovin formula with the results being 82 toddlers in the village. Kesumadadi and Sumberjo villages. This research instrument uses observation sheets and Denver II sheets. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi Square.Results: The results of the research were carried out by univariate analysis, namely the frequency distribution of malnutrition was 30 (37%) and not malnutrition was 52 (63%). Frequency distribution of normal gross motor status was 51 (62%), Suspect 28 (34%), Untestable 3 (4%). The results of bivariate analysis have carried out data analysis using chi square. The results of this research are that there are 51 (98%) toddlers whose gross motor skills are normal, and 27 (90%) toddlers whose gross motor skills are suspect are undernourished. and 1 (2%) toddler whose nutritional status was good. Of the toddlers whose gross motor skills could not be tested, there were 3 (10%) toddlers who had poor nutritional status. The chi square results obtained were 0.000 < 0.005, which means there is a relationship between gross motor skills and nutritional status in toddlers.Conclusion: Of the toddlers whose gross motor skills could not be tested, there were 3 (10%) toddlers who had poor nutritional status. The chi square results obtained were 0.000 < 0.005, which means there is a relationship between gross motor skills and nutritional status in toddlers.Suggestion: Malnutrition can be prevented so that all toddlers have good nutritional status and normal gross motor skills. Keywords: : Case Control, Lack Of Nutrition, Rough Motorcycle