bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desnutrición y bioética:reflexiones sobre un problema de salud pública
Authors: Arias Ortiz Nelson Enrique
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo pretende realizar una reflexión ética sobre la desnutrición, intentando actualizar el papel de la salud pública y de los sistemas de salud frente al problema, y resaltando la ética de la protección como una propuesta ética aplicada que debiera ser tenida en cuenta al momento de plantear soluciones. La desnutrición es un asunto de salud pública cargado de un fuerte componente ético. Es una enfermedad en tanto constituye una condición de sufrimiento corporal y limita la posibilidad de desarrollo personal, hecho que es reconocido por los afectados, por la medicina y por la sociedad. Si se acepta que la desnutrición es una enfermedad de proporciones epidémicas es válido argumentar que la salud pública, la medicina y los sistemas de salud están en la obligación de desarrollar y poner a disposición de todas las personas que lo requieran las acciones terapéuticas para tratarla. Años después de sendos compromisos adquiridos por casi todos los gobiernos del mundo, la situación actual y la tendencia del problema en los últimos años denotan que, más allá de las palabras, los avances contra la subnutrición son débiles. Pese a que el derecho a no tener hambre ha sido reconocido mundialmente como un derecho humano fundamental, es uno de los más frecuentemente violentados. En ausencia de una voluntad seria por parte de la comunidad internacional y, en especial, de los países ricos, el lenguaje del derecho es inútil para afrontar la epidemia de desnutrición. Considerando la desigualdad existente es necesario pensar en los vulnerados desde la ética, de modo que se creen políticas de protección con fundamentos bioéticos que incluyan la prestación de servicios médicos y sanitarios para tratar a los pacientes desnutridos, que se articulen con otros programas sociales que empoderen a las personas y comunidades para que superen la desnutrición y reduzcan el riesgo de padecerla.
Preguntas hacia la comprensión de la vida: Diálogo entre la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia y la Bioética
Authors: Schmidt Hernández Ludwing
Published: September 2016

En una primera aproximación al concepto de la vida se aprecia la necesidad de la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad en lo que sería la construcción de un asunto tan fundamental y polisémico como es la vida. Tal concepto es clave, y como decía Potter, deberá partir del establecimiento de “puentes” entre las humanidades y las ciencias, con miras a la supervivencia de la humanidad. El irse aproximando a una concepción “universal” dentro del espectro conceptual disciplinar no es factible. La síntesis se tendrá que hacer a través de un proceso holístico y de “colimación” desde las visiones filosófica, jurídica y teológica de la vida, desde una “ética de los máximos” definida por la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia y una “ética de los mínimos” desde la perspectiva Bioética y de los Derechos Humanos fundamentales. La vida interpretada en un mundo plural (multicultural, multiétnico, multidisciplinar) requiere del establecimiento de un horizonte referencial análogo, para que pueda esta desarrollarse en diversos acercamientos a los estatutos ontológicos, epistemológicos, éticos, jurídicos y teológicos y de ahí, a un concepto “universal” de la vida humana y en general.
Crisis de la bioética y la bioética en medio de la crisis
Authors: Maldonado Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2016

La bioética se encuentra actualmente en medio de una profunda crisis. Una revisión del estado del arte muestra que esta disciplina ha venido encontrando una serie de obstáculos tanto con respecto a su significado social como con respecto a su propio estatuto científico y epistemológico. Al mismo tiempo, los seres humanos y las sociedades se encuentran inmersas en una serie de crisis entrelazadas entre sí. Este artículo sostiene que ambos fenó­menos se hallan profundamente relacionados y estudia las razones y las consecuencias de ello.
¿Bioética latinoamericana o bioética en Latinoamérica?
Authors: Álvarez-Díaz Jorge Alberto
Published: September 2016

El desarrollo de la Bioética en Latinoamérica ha enfrentado un problema que la Filosofía afrontó hacia mediados del siglo XX: la originalidad de pensamiento. En el trabajo se recuerdan la visión pesimista de Salazar Bondy y la optimista de Zea res­pecto a la filosofía, como marco antecedente para presentar posturas contemporáneas optimistas y pesimistas en relación con una “Bioética latinoamericana”. Se destacan paralelismos entre filósofos pesimistas y bioeticistas pesimistas a través de metáforas como el trasplante de ideas. Posteriormente se hace un recorrido sobre los estudios sociales de la ciencia y algunas extensiones que podrían hacerse hacia la Filosofía y la Bioética. Se finaliza considerando que no hay una propuesta “autóctona” de “Bioética latinoamericana”, y que lo que realmente puede elaborarse es una “Bioética en Latinoamérica”.
Medicina genómica aspectos éticos, legales y sociales del genoma humano
Authors: Ávila Rodolfo E. , Samar María Elena , Díaz-Beltrán Leticia , Esteban Francisco J
Published: September 2016

La Medicina Genómica es el uso de la información de los genomas y sus derivados (ARN, proteínas y metabólicos) que permite guiar la toma de decisiones médicas, es un componente clave de la medicina personalizada. La Medicina Genómica permite conocer la cartografía del genoma humano y proporciona una valiosa información a tener en cuenta a la hora de detectar genes implicados en ciertas enfermedades. Esto conlleva a que en la actualidad nos centremos más en la predicción de patologías que en l a prevención, por lo que la tendencia es que en el futuro la Medicina Genómica acabe desbancando a la Medicina Preventiva. El Proyecto Genoma Humano presenta diversas aplicaciones que, al no tener una clara cobertura legal, traen consigo un nuevo paradigma con problemas éticos, sociales y legales que la comunidad científica trata de resolver para compaginar los aspectos morales con el progreso en la investigación. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir brevemente los aspectos éticos, legales y sociales del Genoma Humano.
Instrumentos usados para medir clima ético en organizaciones de salud
Authors: Arango Bayer Gloria Lucía
Published: September 2016

El estudio del clima ético se ha convertido en un asunto de obligatorio abordaje para la bioética, que se enfrenta al reto de buscar climas éticos que promuevan la coherencia entre lo que las organizaciones sanitarias dicen ser y hacer y lo que efectivamente son y hacen. Esto con el objeto, entre otros, de reducir los conflictos éticos que se suscitan en los profesionales de la salud cuando ocurren estas diferencias.

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los instrumentos que han sido usados para medir el constructo “clima ético” en las organizaciones de salud, de manera que sirva a los académicos y a las organizaciones de salud en el diseño de estudios sobre este tópico y les permita identificar sus particularidades.

Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de continuar explorando en un concepto de clima ético que incorpore los

Valores, los principios y los derechos que han de considerarse desde la bioética en la búsqueda de organizaciones que atiendan a los objetivos de las profesiones y los sistemas de salud hoy.
Perspectiva bioética Acerca de la capacidad y el ejercicio de la autonomía de la voluntad de los enfermos de Alzheimer
Authors: Pereira Pérez Joanna
Published: September 2016

A partir de la transdisciplinariedad a la que obliga el tema desde una perspectiva bioética, se analizan las condiciones que deben caracterizar el ejercicio de la autonomía de un enfermo de Alzheimer en estadios leves de la enfermedad, cuando ésta se ejercita en previsión de su propia y futura incapacidad, para así proteger su persona y sus bienes. Se vinculan la autonomía de la voluntad con la libertad, las características de esta enfermedad, la capacidad de las personas y su necesaria relación con la competencia. De tal forma que la bioética sea el puente necesario entre la enfermedad de Alzheimer y el ejercicio válido de la autonomía de la voluntad de esto enfermos.
Bioética e Confidencialidade do Doador Cadáver em Transplantes Renais no Brasil
Authors: Noleto Rosa Telma , Garrafa Volnei
Published: September 2016

Objetivo - Analisar a confidencialidade nos transplantes renais com doadores cadáveres. MÉTODOLOGIA – Foram aplicados 60 questionários com participantes escolhidos aleatoriamente, divididos em três grupos: pacientes em lista de espera para transplantes, pacientes transplantados renais e familiares dos doadores. RESULTADOS - No grupo de pacientes em lista de espera, 85% manifestaram interesse em conhecer a identidade do doador; no grupo de pacientes transplantados, apenas 45% manifestaram interesse; no grupo de famílias doadoras, 55% manifestaram vontade de conhecer o receptor. A Central Nacional de Notificação, Captação e Distribuição de Órgãos (CNCDO) foiindicada por 61.7% dos participantes como responsável pela identificação do doador. CONCLUSÃO - O criterio da decisão compartilhada sobre a identificação ou não do doador cadáver, com a intermediação do Estado por meio das CNCDO, é o mais condizente com a opinião dos sujeitos que responderam à amostra estudada.
Identification of Factors Impacting Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection and Development of a Risk Evaluation Tool
Authors: Carpenter Bethanne P , Hennessey Erin K , Bryant Alex M , Khoury Jad A , Crannage Andrew J
Published: September 2016

Purpose. Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) is a growing concern, yet limited data exists to clarify which patients are at highest risk.  Identification of these patients may better inform decisions of those who may benefit from prophylactic intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors are associated with the recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and to develop a risk stratification tool.  Methods. Patients readmitted within 10 weeks of positive C. difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with symptoms were included in this retrospective case control study.  The primary outcome was analyzed via univariate regression analyses of the independent factors including age, gender, number of CDI episodes, administration of acid blocking agents, antibiotics or chemotherapy, Charlson Comorbidity Index, gastrointestinal conditions, and exposure to healthcare facilities.  Results. Recurrent CDI was identified in 44 of 220 included patients.  In the univariate analysis, factors associated with development of RCDI included antibiotic exposure (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.14-5.54; p 0.02) and inflammatory bowel disease (OR 5.77, 95% CI 1.24-26.79; p 0.03).  An evaluation tool was created from a well-fit model.  Additional factors included in the tool were chosen based on evaluation of findings from existing literature.  Conclusions. Antibiotic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease were found to be associated with RCDI.  Although a statistically significant association with RCDI was not found for other factors, this is likely related to small sample size.  The creation of an evaluation tool using specific patient factors can help determine the risk of RCDI, while future studies may validate this tool. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Title, Description, and Subject are the Most Important Metadata Fields for Keyword Discoverability
Authors: Costello Laura
Published: September 2016

A Review of:
Yang, L. (2016). Metadata effectiveness in internet discovery: An analysis of digital collection metadata elements and internet search engine keywords. College & Research Libraries, 77(1), 7-19. http://doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.1.7

Objective – To determine which metadata elements best facilitate discovery of digital collections.

Design – Case study.

Setting – A public research university serving over 32,000 graduate and undergraduate students in the Southwestern United States of America.

Subjects – A sample of 22,559 keyword searches leading to the institution’s digital repository between August 1, 2013, and July 31, 2014.

Methods – The author used Google Analytics to analyze 73,341 visits to the institution’s digital repository. He determined that 22,559 of these visits were due to keyword searches. Using Random Integer Generator, the author identified a random sample of 378 keyword searches. The author then matched the keywords with the Dublin Core and VRA Core metadata elements on the landing page in the digital repository to determine which metadata field had drawn the keyword searcher to that particular page. Many of these keywords matched to more than one metadata field, so the author also analyzed the metadata elements that generated unique keyword hits and those fields that were frequently matched together.

Main Results – Title was the most matched metadata field with 279 matched keywords from searches. Description and Subject were also significant fields with 208 and 79 matches respectively. Slightly more than half of the results, 195 keywords, matched the institutional repository in one field only. Both Title and Description had significant match rates both independently and in conjunction with other elements, but Subject keywords were the sole match in only three of the sampled cases.

Conclusion – The Dublin Core elements of Title, Description, and Subject were the most frequently matched fields in keyword searches. Academic librarians should focus on these elements when creating records in digital repositories to optimize traffic to their site from search engines.
Engineering Faculty Indicate High Levels of Awareness and Use of the Library but Tend to Consult Google and Google Scholar First for Research Resources
Authors: Sullo Elaine
Published: September 2016

A Review of:
Zhang, L. (2015). Use of library services by engineering faculty at Mississippi State University, a large land grant institution. Science & Technology Libraries, 34(3), 272-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2015.1090941

Objective – To investigate the engineering faculty’s information-seeking behaviour, experiences, awareness, and use of the university library.

Design – Web-based survey questionnaire.

Setting – The main campus of a state university in the United States of America.

Subjects – 119 faculty members within 8 engineering departments.

Methods – An email invitation to participate in a 16-item electronic survey questionnaire, with questions related to library use, was sent in the spring of 2015 to 119 engineering faculty members. Faculty were given 24 days to complete the survey, and a reminder email was sent 10 days after the original survey invitation.

Main Results – Thirty-eight faculty members responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 32%. Overall, faculty had a high level of use and awareness of both online and physical library resources and services, although their awareness of certain scholarly communication services, such as data archiving and copyright advisory, was significantly lower. Faculty tend to turn to Google and Google Scholar when searching for information rather than turning to library databases. Faculty do not use social media to keep up with library news and updates. The library website, as well as liaison librarians, were cited as the primary sources for this type of information.

Conclusions – The researcher concludes that librarians need to do a better job of marketing library resources, such as discipline-specific databases, as well as other library search tools. Because faculty use web search engines as a significant source of information, the author proposes further research on this behaviour, and suggests more action to educate faculty on different search tools, their limitations, and effective use.

As faculty indicated a general lack of interest in integrating information literacy into their classes, the researcher notes that librarians need to find ways to persuade faculty that this type of integrated instruction is beneficial for students’ learning and research needs. Faculty were aware of the library liaison program, so this baseline relationship between faculty and librarian can serve as an opportunity to build upon current liaison services and responsibilities.
Academic Librarians’ Knowledge of Bibliometrics and Altmetrics
Authors: Malone Tara , Burke Susan
Published: September 2016

Objective – To measure the knowledge and opinions that academic librarians have of established and emerging research metrics.

Methods – An online survey was distributed to all academic librarians in Oklahoma during Summer 2015.

Results – Librarians were less familiar with altmetrics than with bibliometrics, but they viewed altmetrics as effective and were interested in receiving training to learn more about them. Librarians who had been in the profession for over five years knew more about both bibliometrics and altmetrics than newer librarians.

Conclusions – Technological advances and changes in the ways that research products are shared have led to the possibility of and need for new ways of measuring research impact. Altmetrics have emerged to fill this need, but academic librarians need more familiarity and training to be able to fulfill a role as providers of these metrics.
Eysenbach, Tuische and Diepgen’s Evaluation of Web Searching for Identifying Unpublished Studies for Systematic Reviews: An Innovative Study Which is Still Relevant Today
Authors: Briscoe Simon
Published: September 2016

A Review of:
Eysenbach, G., Tuische, J. & Diepgen, T.L. (2001). Evaluation of the usefulness of Internet searches to identify unpublished clinical trials for systematic reviews. Medical Informatics and the Internet in Medicine, 26(3), 203-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14639230110075459

Objective – To consider whether web searching is a useful method for identifying unpublished studies for inclusion in systematic reviews.

Design – Retrospective web searches using the AltaVista search engine were conducted to identify unpublished studies – specifically, clinical trials – for systematic reviews which did not use a web search engine.

Setting – The Department of Clinical Social Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

Subjects – n/a

Methods – Pilot testing of 11 web search engines was carried out to determine which could handle complex search queries. Pre-specified search requirements included the ability to handle Boolean and proximity operators, and truncation searching. A total of seven Cochrane systematic reviews were randomly selected from the Cochrane Library Issue 2, 1998, and their bibliographic database search strategies were adapted for the web search engine, AltaVista. Each adaptation combined search terms for the intervention, problem, and study type in the systematic review. Hints to planned, ongoing, or unpublished studies retrieved by the search engine, which were not cited in the systematic reviews, were followed up by visiting websites and contacting authors for further details when required. The authors of the systematic reviews were then contacted and asked to comment on the potential relevance of the identified studies.

Main Results – Hints to 14 unpublished and potentially relevant studies, corresponding to 4 of the 7 randomly selected Cochrane systematic reviews, were identified. Out of the 14 studies, 2 were considered irrelevant to the corresponding systematic review by the systematic review authors. The relevance of a further three studies could not be clearly ascertained. This left nine studies which were considered relevant to a systematic review. In addition to this main finding, the pilot study to identify suitable search engines found that AltaVista was the only search engine able to handle the complex searches required to search for unpublished studies.

Conclusion –Web searches using a search engine have the potential to identify studies for systematic reviews. Web search engines have considerable limitations which impede the identification of studies.
Measuring Scholarly Productivity of Long Island Educational Institutions: Using Web of Science and Scopus as a Tool
Authors: Tran Clara , Aytac Selenay
Published: September 2016

Objective – This paper explores how to utilize two well-known library databases, Thomson Reuter’s Web of Science and Elsevier’s Scopus, to quantify Long Island educational institutions’ scholarly productivity.

Methods – Institutions located in the Long Island region and within Nassau and Suffolk counties, including the State University of New York (SUNY) colleges, private institutions, and technical schools, were examined for the last 14 years (2000–2013). Eight Long Island institutions were represented in both databases and were included in the study.

Results – Of the eight institutions, Stony Brook University produced the most publications indexed in Web of Science and Scopus during the period of 2000–2013. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory yielded the second most publications during 2000–2013 in both Web of Science and Scopus, but it produced the highest quality publications compared with other institutions excluding Stony Brook University. Although the annual growth rates of Farmingdale State College and New York Institute of Technology increased dramatically in both Web of Science and Scopus, the large proportional increase did not represent a large increase in total value. Additionally, some institutions had a higher number of publications indexed in Web of Science than in Scopus, and others had a higher number of publications indexed in Scopus than in Web of Science.

Conclusions – Data were collected from institutions in Long Island with various institutional sizes, the number of faculty members employed may have made an impact on the number of publications. Thus, publication data in this study cannot be used to compare their rankings. Institutions with a similar type and similar size of faculty members should be selected for comparison. Due to the different coverage and scope of Web of Science and Scopus, institutions should use both databases to examine their scholarly output. Furthermore, institutions should consider using altmetrics to capture various impacts of the scholarly output to complement the traditional metrics.
Retroactive Collection Development: Gap Identification through Citation Analysis
Authors: McCabe Kealin M.
Published: September 2016

No abstract.
Public Librarians Reflect Belief in Intellectual Freedom through Collection Development Activities
Authors: Goertzen Melissa
Published: September 2016

A Review of:
Oltmann, S. M. (2016). Public Librarians' Views on Collection Development and Censorship. Collection Management, 41(1), 23-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01462679.2015.1117998

Objective – To examine public librarians’ perspectives on censorship and intellectual freedom in relation to collection development activities.

Design – Survey combining questions from previous studies by Moody (2004) and Harkovitch, Hirst and Loomis (2003) with additional questions regarding intellectual freedom and demographics.

Setting – Public libraries in the State of Ohio.

Subjects – 251 directors and librarians responsible for collection development.

Methods – The researcher created a survey in Qualtrics, a software that supports online data collection and analysis. It contained thirty-two structured and open-ended questions and took approximately 15-25 minutes to complete. To recruit participants, an explanatory letter and survey link were sent to every public library director in the State of Ohio. Directors were also asked to share the survey with librarians under their leadership who were responsible for collection development. To analyze the data set, cross-tabulations were run to identify statistically significant correlations between demographic and community variables.

Main Results – The response rate was 43% (108 out of 251). Participants agreed with the American Library Association’s (ALA) definition of intellectual freedom, and to build collections that neither promote nor suppress specific ideas or beliefs. Only 3.7% of respondents reported decisions not to purchase materials due to fear of negative feedback from the community. Nearly 40% of participants reported conflict between personal and professional values at some time. All said that this dilemma had no bearing on professional collection development decisions. Contrary to anecdotal evidence that suggests librarians in rural or conservative communities are less likely to purchase controversial materials, the researcher found that community and political variables were not statistically significant; across the board, participants were most concerned with building balanced, well-developed collections. Gender, however, was statistically significant in terms of pressures felt to restrict access to materials; male librarians reported a higher number of instances where they felt internal or external pressures of this nature. However, as the number of male respondents was relatively low (15 out of 108 participants), the researcher did not draw concrete conclusions as to why this discrepancy exists.

Conclusion – Study findings demonstrate a strong professional allegiance to intellectual freedom as defined by the ALA. In a practical sense, the participant group applied the principles of intellectual freedom to collection development activities regardless of demographic, community, or political variables.
Richard Trueswell's Contribution to Collection Evaluation and Management: A Review
Authors: Nash Jacob L.
Published: September 2016

A Review of:
Trueswell, R. L. (1969). Some behavioral patterns of library users: The 80/20 rule. Wilson Library Bulletin, 43(5), 458-461.

Abstract

Objective – To demonstrate the relationship between library circulation and the percent of a library's holdings satisfying circulation.

Design – Retrospective cohort study of library circulation data.

Setting – Cambridge and Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Subjects – The users of the monographic holdings of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Library and the Forbes Public Library.

Methods – Trueswell compiled circulation data from the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Library over a period of 5 years, ostensibly from 1964-1969. Additionally, he gathered circulation data from Forbes Public Library. Trueswell compared each respective collection of data against the entire holdings of each library, after which he converted each measure to a percentage of the whole.

Main Result – Based on the collected data, Trueswell found that the percentages of both libraries’ holdings that satisfy circulation follow a power law distribution. He compared this with a previous study measuring journal circulation at a Health Sciences Library that exhibited the same pattern. He stated that these similar distributions demonstrated the "80/20 Rule." The distribution is such that any given percent of circulation will provide the percent of a library’s circulating holdings necessary to satisfy it. Additionally, Trueswell found that 75 percent of current circulation had circulated at least once within the preceding year.

Conclusion – The findings have implications for core collection development, purchasing multiple copies of a given title, determining the optimal size of a library's collection, and weeding. Trueswell also submits the idea of developing regional interlibrary loan centers for books that do not circulate often, as a cost saving measure for most libraries.
Editorial Responsibilities
Authors: Kloda Lorie A.
Published: September 2016

leave author blank
Invasive alien weeds as bio-resource: A review
Authors: Raj Sheeja K. , Syriac Elizabeth K.
Published: September 2016

Invasive alien weeds are non-native organisms that cause potential harm to the environment, economics and human health. Its ability to outcompete native species for space, water, nutrients, and other essential resources, adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions, absence of natural predators and parasites and prolific seed producing characteristics, once established it is very difficult to control or eliminate. Eradication through utilization is the present concept of management of invasive alien weeds. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Mikania micrantha Kunth, Chromolaena odorata (L.), Mimosa invisa Mart. Ex Colla and Lantana camara L. are the major invasive alien weeds of Kerala. The literature about the bio-utilization of these major invasive alien weeds is reviewed in this paper.
Aproximación a las formas de tratamiento del siglo XVI en la península ibérica (Metrópoli) y en la Nueva España
Authors: Juárez Cabañas María Guadalupe
Published: September 2016

El propósito de este artículo es identificar las formas de tratamiento empleadas en la península ibérica (Metrópoli) y en la Nueva España (siglo xvi), a través de la descripción de su interacción sintáctico-gramatical. Se presenta un modelo conformado por ocurrencias de relaciones sintagmáticas en el plano del enunciado, tomadas de un corpus de 50 mil ítems, extraídos de obras literarias, epistolarios, corpora electrónicos y documentos pertenecientes al coreecom (Corpus Electrónico del Español Colonial Mexicano). Se han agrupado por país y clasificado en función de su uso. La existencia de diversos estamentos marca una distinción en el uso de los tratamientos. Aunado a esto, las disposiciones monárquicas relacionadas con la manera en que debía tratarse a los interlocutores de mayor jerarquía, permite confirmar la existencia de por lo menos dos ámbitos de uso, así como demostrar que cuando el hablante establece un discurso asimétrico emplea diversas gramaticalizaciones, tantas como necesite, para emitir una forma o fórmula de tratamiento, que puede involucrar hasta cuatro o cinco categorías gramaticales distintas.
Funciones discursivas de esto, eso y aquello en un corpus oral
Authors: Pérez Álvarez Bernardo Enrique
Published: September 2016

Esto, eso y aquello no desempeñan únicamente la función de demostrativos exofóricos, es decir, de deícticos espaciales, también pueden desempeñar una función deíctica discursiva en el habla, e incluso combinados con la preposición por funcionar como conectores consecutivos en el discurso, puesto que permiten a la vez sintetizar información previa desde la cláusula hasta segmentos discursivos, y poner en relación esta información con las secuencias subsecuentes otorgando continuidad al hilo discursivo. El estudio se basa en el Corpus Michoacano del Español, un corpus oral de 23 horas de grabaciones radiofónicas de diversos tipos de programas, como debates, noticieros, llamadas al aire, programas de consultas médicas, entrevistas, narraciones deportivas, con la finalidad de tener una muestra representativa de diversas situaciones comunicativas que permitan describir un panorama amplio de usos lingüísticos, desde los más formales y planificados hasta las improvisaciones. Los resultados permiten observar que este funcionamiento es incluso más representativo en términos de frecuencia de uso, que refleja un aumento notorio en textos orales monológicos formales para el caso de la conexión discursiva.
Un aporte a la historia del léxico médico en América: el vocabulario de la viruela en la Nueva España dieciochesca
Authors: Ramírez Luengo José Luis
Published: September 2016

No hay duda de que el desarrollo histórico del léxico de la medicina en América es una cuestión que aún necesita mucho más estudio, y en esta línea el presente trabajo pretende ser una aportación al caso concreto de la Nueva España dieciochesca, al estudiar el léxico relacionado con la viruela: así, por medio del estudio de la documentación archivística conservada en el Archivo General de la Nación, se analizarán determinados campos semánticos que se relacionan con esta dolencia, tales como los tipos de viruela, las fases de la enfermedad y los nombres que se dan al enfermo.
Convencionalización y adaptación en español bonaerense. Aporte al estudio de las importaciones léxicas
Authors: Hipperdinger Yolanda
Published: September 2016

El estudio de la neologización operada por la vía de la importación léxica conduceinevitablemente a atender al grado de convencionalización del uso de laspiezas léxicas importadas, tanto como al de su adaptación. En este artículo nosocupamos en particular de la alternancia entre configuraciones diferentes quesuele apreciarse para una misma importación léxica. Sobre la base de datos correspondientesa la variedad bonaerense del español, proponemos una distinciónentre tipos diversos de alternancia que puede ser de utilidad en las indagacionesreferidas a la convencionalización.
Flexión de número en la composición nominal del español: estructura morfológica y rutinización
Authors: Ponce de León Ramón Zacarías
Published: September 2016

La composición nominal en español es muy heterogénea debido a que existen diversasestructuras con comportamientos distintos. Este comportamiento es evidente en las vacilacionesde los hablantes al marcar el plural de los compuestos: sofás cama o sofacamas;portafolio o portafolios; manos larga o manos largas; etc. Comúnmente, se ha generalizadoel comportamiento de la flexión de número como si fuera similar para todos los tipos decompuesto. Así, se considera que la flexión doble se encuentra en compuestos sin amalgamafonológica (actores directores); la flexión interna puede encontrarse en compuestoscon núcleo izquierdo, siendo este componente el que recibe las marcas flexivas (hombresrana); finalmente, la flexión marginal aparece en compuestos fusionados, independientementede la posición del núcleo de la palabra (telarañas). Si bien estas afirmaciones tienenbases empíricas, existen muchas excepciones y contraejemplos (el sacacorchos, las compraventas,los purasangre). En esta investigación partiremos de los preceptos de la gramáticacognoscitiva (Langacker, 1999, 2008), y se propondrá que la flexión de númeroen la composición nominal del español depende de dos factores: primero, la estructuramorfológica, que impone una pluralización preferente, y segundo, la rutinización, queprovoca un cambio hacia la pluralización marginal conforme el compuesto tiende a integrarseconceptualmente. Con el objeto de contar con datos de habla en uso, se obtuvieronproducciones de hablantes nativos de español mediante una encuesta de pluralización depalabras compuestas. Se argumentará que, considerando la interacción de los dos factoresmencionados, es posible explicar el comportamiento heterogéneo de la flexión de númeroen la composición nominal del español.
José G. Moreno de Alba, Notas de gramática dialectal (El Atlas Lingüístico de México)
Authors: Rojas Nieto Ceciliia
Published: September 2016

En el muy amplio y diversificado conjunto de obras que hapublicado José G. Moreno de Alba, ocupan un lugar señaladolos trabajos dedicados del español de México. Dos fuentesde datos principales han nutrido estas investigaciones.Primero, los documentos orales recogidos alrededor de ladécada de 1970 por los investigadores del Centro de Lingüística,que forman el corpus del Habla culta de la ciudadde México, publicados en parte en el volumen homónimo,como Materiales para su estudio.
Pedro Martín Butragueño, Fonología variable del español de México, vol. 1: Procesos segmentales, México, El Colegio de México, 2014, 628 pp. (Estudios de lingüística XVII)
Authors: Serrano Julio
Published: September 2016

La Fonología variable del español de México (en adelante fvem) de Pedro Martín Butragueño representa una puesta al día de los trabajos dialectológicos sobre el español mexicano, los que, tras el importante estudio, Pronunciación del español de México, de José G. Moreno de Alba (El Colegio de México, 1994), no habían recibido la atención necesaria como para elaborar un volumen de autor como este. Como se indica en su presentación, el libro reseñado forma parte de una serie de tres volúmenes.
Conservative treatment in cervical cancer
Authors: Bergamini Alice , Morice Philippe
Published: September 2016

Cervical cancer (CC) is increasingly being diagnosed in women of reproductive age, and fertility-sparing treatment has become an essential part of the therapeutic strategy for early stage CC (FIGO stage IA1-IB1). Conization is currently considered a safe and feasible treatment for stage IA1 CC without lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). After the first report proposing vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) for the treatment of stage IB1 cervical tumors, several studies have evaluated vaginal, abdominal, and minimally-invasive approaches. Recent decades have been characterized by increased conservative treatment of more advanced tumors; in addition, several series assessing the oncological and obstetric outcomes of less radical surgery have been published. This review provides and overview of current evidence-based knowledge about the conservative management of CC, focusing on new perspectives and controversial issues.
Multidisciplinary management of vertebral metastases in patients not amenable to surgery
Authors: Manca Antonio , D’Ambrosio Lorenzo , Chiara Gabriele , Gatti Marco , Marone Stefano , Salatino Antonia , Anselmetti Giovanni C. , Rossi Giuseppe , Ortega Cinzia , Grignani Giovanni , Regge Daniele
Published: September 2016

Bone metastases occur in up to 70% of cancer patients, and frequently involve the spine. Spine metastases are often associated with pain, disability and progressive deformity, and may also have neurological complications, all of which can dramatically impair quality of life. There are a number of different approaches to managing vertebral metastases, including surgery, vertebroplasty and radiotherapy. The variety of treatment modalities involved, the presence of underlying cancer and frequent severe pain means that patients with vertebral metastases need to be managed by a multidisciplinary team, ideally including a medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, interventional radiologist, pain therapist and spine surgeon. Although a number of different multidisciplinary therapeutic algorithms have been proposed, there is no clear consensus on the best way to manage vertebral metastases. After reviewing current literature, this article proposes a new visual algorithm created by merging some existing guidelines and introducing additional interventional radiology techniques.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Mangili Giorgia , Sigismondi Cristina
Published: September 2016

No abstract available
Are All Tertiary Institutes in Hong Kong Ready to Provide Dyslexic Students with Suitable Special Examination Arrangements?
Authors: Li Da , Tsui Man C.M. , Zhang Guofu
Published: September 2016

This paper discusses whether all tertiary institutes in Hong Kong are ready to provide dyslexic students with suitable special examination arrangements. Various challenges are identified. More efforts are warranted to establish a system with the necessary and appropriate professional support for analyzing the requests for examination arrangements. Only then can students with special educational needs truly benefit.
Observations sur la vinification en blanc sec. Essais de filtration des moûts après débourbage statique
Authors: Dubourdieu Denis , Hadjinicolaou Dimitri , Bertrand Alain
Published: September 2016

A l'issue du débourbage statique, des essais de filtration des dépôts bourbeux d'une part, du moût clair soutiré d'autre part, ont été réalisés.

L'incidence de ces traitements sur la fermentescibilité des moûts et la formation de substances volatiles par la levure a été examinée.

+++

After static settling, filtration tests were carried out on both the sediment and the clear must drawn off.

The effect of these treatments on the fermentability of the musts on the formation of volatile compounds by yeast was examined.
Influence de la maturation de la vendange sur la teneur en substances volatiles des vins
Authors: Bertrand Alain
Published: September 2016

Cette note porte sur une étude sur les substances volatiles de vins analogues ne différant que par l'époque de ramassage des raisins dont ils sont issus
Teneurs en plomb des feuilles et des baies de vigne croissant en bordure d'une autoroute
Authors: Skafida S. , Voulouvoutis N. , Soulis Th.
Published: September 2016

La contamination plombique des vignes croissant le long des autoroutes est considérable. Elle dépend de la distance à l'autoroute. Les teneurs en plomb sont plus importantes sur les feuilles que sur les baies. La configuration de terrain modifie d'une façon très importante la quantité de plomb se déposant sur les différentes parties de la vigne.

+++

Lead contamination of vines growing near expressways is considerable. The quantity depends on the distance from the expressway. The lead content of leaves in greater than that of the grapes. The lay of the land can greatly modify the quantities of lead deposited on the different parts of the vine.
Détermination de l'origine des levures de vinification par une méthode de différenciation fine des souches
Authors: Bouix Marielle , Leveau Jean-Yves , Cuinier Claude
Published: September 2016

Les auteurs comparent par électrophorèse de leurs fractions exocellulaires les souches de Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolées au cours d'une vinification, sur les raisins, dans le moût et le vin et au niveau des points de contamination. Cette technique permet la différenciation fine des souches de levures de même espèce.

Il apparaît que plusieurs clones de S. cerevisiae sont présents pendant la récolte et jusqu'au pressurage tant sur les produits que sur les mains des vendangeurs et le matériel de récolte alors qu'en fermentation un seul clone a été isolé. Ce clone a été mis en évidence dès les premières étapes de la vinification mais n'a pas été isolé dans le chai.

+++

The authors compare the cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electrophoresis of their endocellular parts. The cultures were isolated during winemaking, on the products involved from the vine to the wine, and at different points of contamination. This technic allows to finely differentiate yeast cultures of the same species.

It appears that several clones of S. cerevisiae are present from harvest until pressing, as much on the products as on the harvesters' hands and the harvesting materials, while during fermentation, only one clone was isolated. The presence of this clone was found from the first stages of vinification, but has not been isolated in the winery.
Les polysaccharides solubles du moût : méthode simple d'appréciation; évolution au cours de la maturation; incidence sur les opérations préfermentaires
Authors: Dubourdieu Denis , Hadjinicolaou Dimitri , Ribéreau-Gayon Pascal
Published: September 2016

Les polysaccharides solubles du jus de raisin sont dosés par les méthodes au phénol et au carbazol sulfuriques. Au cours de la maturation, la teneur en pectine soluble passe par un maximum, puis décroît. L'incidence de ces transformations sur les opérations préfermentaires de la vinification en blanc (pressurage et débourbage) est examinée.

+++

Soluble polysaccharides from grape juices are estimated with phenol-and carbazol-sulfuric methods. During the ripening, the soluble pectin content waches a maximum then decreases until maturity. The effect of these changes on the first steps of the white wine making (juice extraction and static settling) are examined.
Aspects qualitatifs et technologiques de l'application des méthodes thermiques dans la production des vins mousseux *
Authors: Colagrande Osvaldo , Silva Angela
Published: September 2016

Au cours de ce travail on a étudié, sur un vin mousseux élaboré en cuve close, l'influence d'un traitement thermique (chauffage à 42 °C) après la prise de mousse et en présence de levures.

Par chromatographie sur gel de dextrane réticulé on a isolé trois groupes de substances azotées. Le traitement thermique entraîne une augmentation des fractions azotées de poids moléculaire inférieur à 1 000 et une diminution des composés azotés de poids moléculaire plus élevé (peptides et protéines). Ce phénomène est en relation avec la durée du traitement thermique.

+++

A thermal treatment (heating to 42 °C) on a sparkling wine processed in a pressure tank, after second fermentation and in the presence of yeast was studied.

By chromatographie on a reticulated dextrane gel, three groups of nitrogenized substances were isolated. The thermal treatment trought about an increase in the nitrogen fraction of molecular weight less than 1 000 and a decrease in nitrogen compounds of greater molecular weight (peptides and proteins). This phenomenon is related to the length of the thermal treatment.

 

* Communication présentée au 6e Symposium International d'OEnologie, 28-30 avril 1981, Mayence (Allemagne). Recherche effectuée avec la contribution du C.N.R.
Technologie des équipements utilisés pour la stabilisation tartrique des vins
Authors: Chabas J.
Published: September 2016

La stabilisation tartrique des vins par traitement à basse température, inférieure ou voisine de 0 °C, se développe dans les ateliers vinicoles, quelle que soit leur taille.

La technologie des équipements utilisés doit être connue des utilisateurs actuels ou futurs. Aussi après un rappel du principe de fonctionnement d'un groupe frigorifique et des règles de calcul des transferts thermiques entre fluides au travers d'une paroi, les échangeurs utilisés dans les caves vinicoles sont décrits, leurs limites en stabilisation tartrique définies.

+++

Tartaric stabilization of wines by low temperature treatment, below or near 0 °C, is developing in wineries of all sizes.

The technology of the equipment used should be understood by current and future users. Also, after summarizing how a refrigeration group works and the rules to calculate thermal transfers between fluids across a wall, the heat exchangers used in wineries are described and their tartaric stabilisation limits defined.
Expanded and Practical Use of Logistic Equations in Eco-Toxicity Evaluation: Cases of Lethal Metal Toxicity Curves in Green Paramecia with Minimal-Sized Experiments
Authors: Takaichi Hiroshi ,   The University of Kitakyushu, Kawano Tomonori
Published: September 2016

In ecological systems, living organisms are surrounded by a number of chemicals, among which certain portion may be toxic to organisms. Therefore, from the environment-centric point of view, importance of accurate eco-toxicological analyses is increasing day-by-day. Eco-toxicity responses in animals and other organisms against chemicals can be scored by several parameters such as median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal dose (LD50), for examples. In the present study, we attempted to perform simulations of eco-toxicological nature of given chemicals based on limited data size (showing apparently incomplete curves of toxicity response) through model experiments performed with green paramecia (Paramecium bursaria) exposed to toxic metal ions, by using practically re-arranged logistic equation and Hill-type equations with an aid by graphical elucidation of Gauss-Newton algorithm determining the constants and/or coefficients.