bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USING ION BEAM IRRADIATION METHOD TO CHANGE THE ATOMIC STRUCTURES OF MATERIALS TO ENHANCE THEIR ABILITY TO TRAP CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors:   Department of Physics University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, Saleem Butt Farzan , Irfan Dr. Shaheen ,   (PhD in Particle Physics) Department of Physics University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: January 2025

The reduction of atmospheric CO2 requires
thought-provoking ideas that would help reduce the
concentration level in the atmosphere. In this study, the
authors suggest the atomic modification of zeolite
materials through controlled electron and ion beam
damage to increase their carbon capture capacities.
Zeolite samples were synthesized by hydrothermal
method and subsequently, two different types of electron
beam irradiation were performed on the samples. In the
inert gas medium, zeolite samples were irradiated to
restrict the structural degradation. In contrast, the
vacuum medium which had a raster magnet was the
other type which allowed a wide dispersion of the
electron beam. The absorbed keratins ranged from 500
kGy to 1000 kGy, and the progression encouraged
structural changes in the zeolites to increase the CO₂
adsorption uptake. The results have shown that lewis
acid zeolite shows increased uptake of CO2 forming an
exceptionally high adsorbed volume of 87.86 cm³/g at
500 kGy. The generation of modified zeolites has made it
possible to use the innovative Carbfix technique which
incorporates the dissolved CO²
in water and then pumps
it into the basalt layers and harnesses the natural
occurrence of minerals to fix the CO2. The methods of
modified samples were examined by PXRD, FE-TEM
and FE-SEM techniques, TGA and spectrometric
methods.
Trends and Factors Associated with Insomnia and Sleep Apnea in U.S. Military Aviators, 2006–2022
Authors: Caldwell John A. , Knapik Joseph J.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Insomnia and sleep apnea (SA) can have adverse effects on operating aircraft. This study examined trends in insomnia and SA incidence rates in U.S. military aviators from 2006–2022 and examined associated demographic and operational factors.

METHODS: Data on incidence cases of outpatient insomnia and SA, aviator demographics, and operational factors were obtained from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database, a comprehensive online archive of military medical data. Insomnia and SA cases were identified using specific International Classification of Diseases codes.

RESULTS: For the entire military aviator population (N = 331,992 ± 1649, mean ± SD) overall rates of insomnia and SA were 10.2 and 24.9 cases/1000 person-years, respectively. Compared to the entire U.S. military nonaviator population, aviators had lower incidence of insomnia, but higher incidence of SA. Insomnia rates among aviators increased up to 2015 and declined afterwards, while SA rate generally rose over the period. Insomnia and SA rates among aviators increased with age, were higher among those of black and other nonwhite races, were highest among Army personnel (compared to other services) and were highest among helicopter pilots (compared to fixed-wing aircraft pilots). Insomnia rates were similar among male and female aviators, but SA rates were higher among men.

DISCUSSION: These data indicate that insomnia and SA are prevalent within the military aviation population; however, the incidence of insomnia appears to have fallen as the tempo of military operations has decreased while the incidence of SA continues on an upward trajectory, possibly associated with the growing problem of obesity.

Caldwell JA, Knapik JJ. Trends and factors associated with insomnia and sleep apnea in U.S. military aviators, 2006–2022. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):23–30.
The Courage of Public Reason: Sergei Alexandrovich Tokarev as a Historiographer
Authors: Solovey Tatyana D.
Published: January 2025

S. A. Tokarev founded the Russian historiographical tradition, laying the conceptual framework for studying the history of Russian ethnography (its pre-Soviet period), and the origins and history of foreign ethnology. Here we regard historiography in its professional sense and not just as a functional appendage of scientific research. In the author’s interpretation, historiography is not only (and not so much) a narrative about the past, but rather an internal dialogue of science and its self-reflection, a refined form of research into the past and modernity. S. A. Tokarev’s appeal to this genre dates back to the turn of the 1940s–1950s, when a unique constellation of conditions for a successful historiographical search developed. These conditions were rooted both in the internal scientific dynamics (ethnography had acquired a stable status of an independent discipline and a high degree of maturity of professional discourse) and in external circumstances (here the ideological vector coincided with the public sentiment — the struggle against cosmopolitanism on the one hand and the legitimate pride of the victorious people on the other). In this context it was crucial to create a respectable historiographical tradition, which would highlight the significant (and in the Soviet era - the leading) role of Russian science in the global context. The author’s interest is not in the analysis of S. A. Tokarev’s historiographical concept, but rather in the circumstances and conflicts (interdisciplinary, political and ideological) surrounding the preparation and publication of vast historiographical works. The article touches upon the usually neglected topic about scientific preferences and the specifics of a scientist’s research strategy as a projection of his psychotype. Why was it Tokarev who make the historiographical breakthrough? How was the “research laboratory” of a Soviet scientist organized, constrained by the rigid framework of planning, by external (political and ideological) and internal (scientific community) censorship, and under conditions of chronic academic and teaching overload? These issues are of considerable scientific interest.
Online risks and parental mediation in social media usage among kids: a quantitative study in Rawalpindi City
Authors: Youssef Enaam , Ali Sana , Al Malek Mahra , Riaz Saqib
Published: January 2025

This research investigates different aspects of online media usage among children and the dynamics surrounding it. It aims to determine the patterns of online media consumption among children and comprehend their perceptions concerning exposure to inappropriate content online. This research is supported by the Parental Mediation Theory and quantitative design to examine children’s online experiences. Data gathered from 346 respondents revealed that the respondents indicated high-level engagement in online media, mainly for surfing and instant messaging, with daily usage varying from 1 to 3 h and some exceeding five hours. Respondents have personal accounts on more than four social networking sites, with Facebook being the principal platform. Concerning vulnerability to online indecent content, respondents emphasized examples of accidental exposure during online activities, i.e., surfing and instant messaging, mostly occurring at home and school. The frequency of exposure was usually categorized as occurring four or more times, leading to possible risks and hazards to children’s well-being. The study further highlighted children’s perceptions of parental mediation in online media use. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of programs empowering parents with the knowledge and abilities to handle and manage their children’s online media activities adeptly. Also, maintaining a balance between using the educational benefits of online media and protecting children from possible risks becomes crucial, highlighting parents’ significant role in this critical domain. Finally, this research proposed some implications, and limitations are discussed accordingly.
A clinical decision model for failed adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism
Authors: ter Haar Sophie N. M. , van Goor Sofie J. , Corssmit Eleonora P. M. , van Erkel Arian R. , Ballieux Bartholomeus E. P. B. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Nijhoff Michiel F.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension with unilateral and bilateral subtypes requiring different treatments. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for subtype differentiation but can be unsuccessful by challenging right adrenal vein anatomy. This study aimed to develop a clinical decision model using only measurements from the left adrenal vein (LAV) and peripheral blood (IVC) to differentiate between PA subtypes.

Methods

The retrospective cohort study included 54 PA patients who underwent bilaterally successful AVS. The main objective was to determine optimal cut-off values for the LAV/IVC index, using ROC analysis for subtype prediction. The predictive value of this index was assessed with the Area Under the Curve (AUC). The Youden index calculated cut-off values, targeting a specificity >90% for PA subtype differentiation.

Results

The cohort, averaging 48.5 ± 9.5 years in age, comprised 21 women and 33 men, among whom 26 presented with unilateral and 28 with bilateral disease. LAV/IVC values <1.2 indicated unilateral right-sided disease (specificity 91%, sensitivity 96%, AUC 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-1.0), values 1.2-2.4 suggested bilateral disease (sensitivity 93%, specificity 64%, AUC 0.85, CI 0.73-0.96), whereas values ≥4.4 predicted unilateral left-sided disease (specificity 93%, sensitivity 60%, AUC 0.85, CI 0.73-0.96). Published literature aligns with our results on cut-off values.

Conclusions

Utilizing the LAV/IVC index, over 70% of unsuccessful AVS procedures due to failed right adrenal cannulation could be interpreted with over 90% certainty regarding the PA subtype, preventing unnecessary resampling and aiding in determining the preferred treatment.
Comparison of Individualized Rescue Luteal Phase Support Strategies with Vaginal and Combined Vaginal & Subcutaneous Progesterone Administration in Artificial Frozen-Thawed Blastocyst Embryo Transfer Cycles Based on Serum Progesterone levels
Authors: Arik Alpcetin Secil Irem , Ince Onur , Akcay Bengisu , Cevher Akdulum Munire Funda , Demirdag Erhan , Erdem Ahmet , Erdem Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles are common in assisted reproductive techniques. As the corpus luteum is absent in these cycles, luteal phase support is provided by administering progesterone (P4) through transvaginal, parenteral, or oral routes. Low serum levels of P4 (below 9-10 ng/mL) on the day before embryo transfer (ET) have been associated with unfavorable cycle outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether individualizing luteal support through rescue protocols in patients with low serum P4 levels improves pregnancy outcomes in HRT-FET cycles.

Material and method

This retrospective, single-center cohort analysis includes 1257 cycles involving 942 patients undergoing HRT-FET. Starting in 2019, we have assessed P4 levels before ET day and adjusted MVP doses when P4 levels were <10 ng/mL. In 2021, subcutaneous (SC) P4 was routinely added alongside MVP, with SC doses increased if P4 levels were <10 ng/mL. In this study, Groups 1 and 2 received MVP for luteal support, while Groups 3 and 4 received additional SC progesterone. For patients with P levels below the cut-off level (10 ng/mL) in Groups 2 and 4, the P dose was doubled through a rescue protocol.

Results

In the MVP and MVP plus SC groups, 15.8% and 8.9% of the cycles had P4 levels <10 ng/mL, respectively. Ongoing pregnancy rates (OPR) and clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) did not differ between study groups. Regression analysis with a mixed model revealed that age, endometrial thickness, and estradiol levels were confounding factors as well as independent predictors of ongoing pregnancy rates (p<0.05). Pairwise regression analysis revealed no significant differences in pregnancy rates between the groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion

Individualizing luteal phase support based on serum P4 levels on the day of ET in FET cycles with HRT may enhance pregnancy outcomes by either doubling the vaginal dose or increasing the SC dose during MVP plus SC administration. The implemented rescue protocol allowed patients with low progesterone levels to achieve pregnancy outcomes similar to those with higher progesterone levels.
Impact of pubertal timing on growth progression and final height in subjects affected by RASopathies
Authors: Tamburrino Federica , Mazzanti Laura , Gibertoni Dino , Schiavariello Concetta , Perri Annamaria , Orlandini Eleonora , Rossi Cesare , Tartaglia Marco , Lanari Marcello , Scarano Emanuela
Published: January 2025

Background

RASopathies, including Noonan syndrome and related disorders, are multisystem conditions caused by mutations in various genes encoding proteins involved in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway resulting in increased signal flow. They are clinically characterized by failure to thrive, facial dysmorphisms, congenital heart defects, lymphatic malformations, skeletal anomalies, and variable cognitive impairment, with variable prevalence in the different conditions and subtypes. Pubertal development, which affects growth and final height, is often delayed in Noonan syndrome patients, though not universally. This study aimed to evaluate the timing and progression of puberty and its impact on growth and final height in patients with RASopathies.

Subjects and methods

A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted involving 103 patients with molecularly confirmed RASopathies. A subgroup of 40 patients who had completed pubertal development was analyzed. Anthropometric, hormonal (FSH, LH, estradiol/testosterone), and radiological data were collected.

Results

Among the 40 patients who had completed puberty, 75% had a diagnosis of Noonan syndrome. The median age at pubertal onset was 11.8 years in males and 13.2 years in females. Delayed puberty was observed in 27.8% of patients, with a higher incidence in females. Median final height was significantly lower in those with delayed pubertal onset compared to those with normal development (p < 0.01). No significant differences in final height were observed between patients with growth hormone deficiency treated with growth hormone and those who were untreated.

Conclusions

Delayed pubertal onset negatively impacts final height in patients with RASopathies, with inadequate pubertal catch-up growth being a common outcome. While most patients initiate puberty spontaneously, careful monitoring of growth and pubertal progression is crucial to optimize therapeutic interventions and improve final height outcomes.
A self-activated and protective module enhances the preclinical performance of allogeneic anti-CD70 CAR-T cells
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zhao Lianfeng , Huang Tinghui , Chen Zhengliang , Zhao Yaoyao , Liang Junqing , Ao Xudong , Jia Xiaoqiong , Kang Lei , Kong Linghui , Jing Qi , Hu Jianhua , Gu Lili , Pan Feiyan , Hu Zhigang , He Lingfeng , Zhou Muya , Chen Jiannan , Guo Zhigang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy, also known as universal CAR-T (UCAR-T) therapy, offers broad applicability, high production efficiency, and reduced costs, enabling quicker access for patients. However, clinical application remains limited by challenges such as immune rejection, and issues with potency and durability.

Methods

We first screened a safe and effective anti-CD70 scFv to construct anti-CD70 CAR-T cells. Anti-CD70 UCAR-T cells were then generated by knocking out TRAC, B2M, and HLA-DRA. To address the limitations of UCAR-T therapy, we developed an 'all-in-one' self-activated and protective (SAP) module, integrated into the CAR scaffold. The SAP module consists of the CD47 extracellular domain, a mutant interleukin 7 receptor alpha (IL7Rα) transmembrane domain, and the IL7Rα intracellular domain, designed to protect UCAR-T cells from host immune attacks and enhance their survival.

Results

SAP UCAR-T cells demonstrated significantly reduced immune rejection from the innate immune system, as evidenced by enhanced survival and functionality both in vitro and in vivo. The modified UCAR-T cells exhibited improved persistence, with no observed safety concerns. Furthermore, SAP UCAR-T cells maintained process stability during scale-up production, indicating the potential for large-scale manufacturing.

Discussion

Our findings highlight the SAP module as a promising strategy for the preclinical development of anti-CD70 UCAR-T, paving the way for an 'off-the-shelf' cell therapy product.
Plasma proteome fingerprint in kidney diseases
Authors: Nikolsky Kirill S. , Kopylov Arthur T. , Nakhod Valeriya I. , Potoldykova Natalia V. , Enikeev Dmitry V. , Butkova Tatiana V. , Kulikova Liudmila I. , Malsagova Kristina A. , Rudnev Vladimir R. , Petrovskiy Denis V. , Izotov Alexander A. , Kaysheva Anna L.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Kidney diseases pose a serious healthcare problem because of their high prevalence, worsening of patients’ quality of life, and high mortality. Patients with kidney diseases are often asymptomatic until disease progression starts. Expensive renal replacement therapy options, such as dialysis or kidney transplant, are required for end-stage kidney disease. Early diagnosis of kidney pathology is crucial for slowing down or curbing further damage. This study aimed to analyze the features of the protein composition of blood plasma in patients with the most common kidney pathologies: kidney calculus, kidney cyst, and kidney cancer.

Methods

The study involved 75 subjects. Proteins associated with kidney pathologies (CFB, SERPINA3, HPX, HRG, SERPING1, HBB, ORM2, and CP) were proposed. These proteins are important participants of complement and coagulation cascade activation and lipid metabolism.

Results

The revealed phosphorylated proteoforms (CFB, C4A/C4B, F2, APOB, TTR, and NRAP) were identified. For them, modification sites were mapped on 3D protein models, and the potential role in formation of complexes with native partner proteins was assessed.

Discussion

The study demonstrates that the selected kidney pathologies have a similar proteomic profile, and patients can be classified into kidney pathology groups with an accuracy of (70–80)%.
Pericardial mesothelioma mimicking mediastinal lymphoma and systemic rheumatic disease: a case report
Authors: Hirnle Grzegorz , Kapałka Michał , Krawiec Michał , Hrapkowicz Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Pericardial mesothelioma is an exceedingly rare pericardial neoplasm. It has atypical clinical symptoms and imaging characteristics that often lead to an inconclusive diagnosis. The diagnosis of a rare tumor such as pericardial mesothelioma, which can present with a variety of manifestations, requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Case presentation

A 36-year-old Caucasian female patient without significant past medical history was admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a high fever and was diagnosed with acute pericarditis. The following month, the patient was treated for sepsis; during this hospitalization, lab tests for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) turned out to be positive. Concurrently, mediastinal lymphadenopathy was observed. Given the suspicion of mediastinal lymphoma, a mediastinoscopy with lymph node biopsy was performed. Following a negative biopsy result, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) and blood immunophenotyping were performed. Both tests ruled out a diagnosis of lymphoma. Concurrently, the patient was hospitalized in the rheumatology department due to positive ANA results. There, in addition to the ANA titer at a level of 1:320, lupus anticoagulant was detected. The patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and initiated on chronic steroid therapy. As heart failure progressed, the patient was admitted to the cardiology department. Tissue Doppler echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed features indicative of constrictive pericarditis. The patient underwent a pericardiectomy with satisfactory results. However, the pathology result of the pericardium remained equivocal. The patient was readmitted 3 months later with severe circulatory failure, and a salvage procedure of pericardiectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the sections confirmed the diagnosis of pericardial epithelioid mesothelioma. The patient died after 3 weeks of palliative care.

Conclusions

In the differential diagnosis of relapsing and resultant constrictive pericarditis, neoplastic processes that may mimic systemic rheumatic diseases should also be considered. Pericardial mesothelioma is a very rare diagnosis and may result in increased ANA titers, particularly anti-dense fine speckled 70 (DFS70) antibodies.
Duodenal obstruction due to two congenital bands: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xiong Shiqiu , Ge Kuku , Hou Chongzhi , Yang Hongbin , Zhang Hanhua , Zhang Sheng , Liu Bailing , Hao Yuewen , Fang Ying , Ren Xiaoxia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Anomalous congenital bands are a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, with only five previously reported cases involving duodenal obstruction. We present a fifth case of duodenal obstruction due to two congenital bands and provide a comprehensive literature review summarizing the clinical features of this condition.

Case report

An eight-year-old girl was admitted to our department with recurrent bilious vomiting and abdominal pain lasting six days. She had no significant past medical history, with no previous abdominal surgeries or trauma. Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and decreased bowel sounds. Contrast x-ray showed an obstructed passage of contrast through the third part of the duodenum. Abdominal ultrasound identified a strip-like hypoechoic structure compressing the third part of the duodenum. A diagnosis of duodenal obstruction was confirmed, and laparoscopic surgery combined with gastroduodenoscopy was performed. The procedure revealed two congenital bands adjacent to the duodenum: one extending from the duodenum to the transverse colon, and the other from the duodenum to the root of the mesentery. The bands were resected, and gastroduodenoscopy confirmed the resolution of the obstruction.

Discussion

We reviewed 93 cases of anomalous congenital bands, including the present one, comprising 33 adults and 60 children, with 71.0% of the cases involving males. Common symptoms included vomiting and abdominal pain, with physical examinations often showing tenderness and distension. Imaging techniques like plain x-ray, contrast x-ray, ultrasound, and computed tomography often indicated intestinal obstruction but were less effective in directly identifying congenital bands. All cases required abdominal surgery for diagnosis and treatment. Congenital bands were primarily found attached to the ileum or its mesentery and were resected in all cases, with a favorable postoperative prognosis. This case and the literature review provide valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Case Report: Potential benefits of a single functional neurology intervention in athletic rehabilitation and recovery: a case study
Authors: Rey-Mota Jorge , Escribano-Colmena Guillermo , Navarro Jiménez Eduardo , Laborde-Cárdenas Carmen Cecilia , Yáñez-Sepúlveda Rodrigo , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Published: January 2025

This study analyze the effect of a single functional neurology session on sports performance, pain perception, fatigue perception and thermographic muscular response in an international female weightlifting athlete with incapacity to tolerate weight. Functional neurology is a discipline leveraging neuroplasticity for non-invasive recovery and performance optimization. We found how a single session of functional neurology improved load tolerance, enabling her to lift weights at pre-injury levels after just a single session of functional neurology and reduced pain perception from 80 to 0 and fatigue perception from 90 to 20 on a 100-point scale while thermographic data showed up to a 15% decrease in body temperature indicating reduced inflammation and improved muscle recovery. Then, we found how a single functional neurology intervention produced an improve in sports performance, pain and fatigue perceptions, and peripheral vascular response in an inter-national female weightlifting athlete with an initial incapacity to tolerate weight. This supports the incorporation of functional neurology into sports rehabilitation, under-scoring its potential in optimizing athletes' health and performance.
A Periodic Extension to the Fokas Method for Acoustic Scattering by an Infinite Grating
Authors: Naqvi Shiza B. , Ayton Lorna J.
Published: January 2025

The Fokas method (also known as the unified transform method) is used to investigate acoustic scattering by thin, infinite grating by extending the methodology to apply to spatially periodic domains. Infinite grating is used to model a perforated screen, a material of interest in aeroacoustics and noise reduction. Once the method is established, its numerical results are verified against the Wiener–Hopf (WH) technique, which has solved the problem only for a special case. A key benefit of the novel approach is that the scatterer, modelled as an infinitely repeating unit cell consisting of a thin, rigid plate, can take any length. This is in contrast to the WH method, where the plate length is restricted to half the width of the unit cell (for this method, no such restriction exists). The numerical method is an over-sampled collocation method of the integral equation resulting from applying the Fokas method: the global relation. The only increase in complexity in adapting the Fokas method to more complicated cell geometries is a higher number of terms in the global relation. The proportion of energy transmitted and reflected by the grating structure is assessed for varying incident wave angles, frequencies, and plate lengths.
Characterization of the Pore Network of a Cohesive Oxisol Through Morphological and Pore Complexity Analyses
Authors: Oliveira Jocenei A. T. de , Pessoa Thaís N. , Gaspareto José V. , Posadas Adolfo N. D. , Lourenço André L. F. , Libardi Paulo L. , Pires Luiz F.
Published: January 2025

Cohesive Oxisols are a type of soil common in the Coastal Plateau in Brazil. These soils represent a challenge for agriculture and their study is fundamental to better land use. There have been a few studies on the porous system of cohesive soils on the micrometer scale. Our study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the pore complexity of the cohesive horizon of a Brazilian Oxisol using 3D images (volumetric data reconstructed by 2D CT slices) and to correlate these parameters with soil physical–hydric attributes. For this purpose, images with two different resolutions were analyzed from multifractal, lacunarity, and entropy analyses. Additionally, a characterization of hydraulic properties was carried out based on a soil water retention curve (SWRC). No differences were observed between the resolutions for the different physical parameters analyzed. The lacunarity analysis showed a greater homogeneity of the pore system with pores grouped in clusters. The multifractal analysis showed fractal characteristics for the cohesive horizon, suggesting a more homogeneous pore distribution. The main results obtained from the SWRC showed a low available water content due to the predominance of ultramicropores. Overall, the results show a less complex pore system, indicating the presence of pores of small sizes, affecting the water retention and conduction through the soil.
Evaluating Urban Sewage Sludge Distribution on Agricultural Land Using Interpolation and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Lazzari Andrea , Giovinazzo Simone , Cabassi Giovanni , Brambilla Massimo , Bisaglia Carlo , Romano Elio
Published: January 2025

The European Union promotes the development of a sustainable approach to solid waste management and disposal. Sewage sludge (SWS) is a good example of this economic model because it has fertilizing and soil-conditioning characteristics. This study employed a conventional manure spreader to evaluate the distribution of SWS on agricultural land. Various interpolation methods and machine learning models were employed to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the sludge. Data were collected from 15 sampling trays across a controlled field during three separate trials. Statistical analysis using ANOVA highlighted significant variations in sludge quantities along the longitudinal axis but not along the latitudinal one. Interpolation methods, such as spline, cubic spline, and inverse distance weighting (IDW) were used to model the distribution, while machine learning models (k-nearest neighbors, random forest, neural networks) classified spatial patterns. Different performance metrics were calculated for each model. Among the interpolation methods, the IDW model combined with neural networks achieved the highest accuracy, with an MCC of 0.9820. The results highlight the potential for integrating advanced techniques into precision agriculture, improving application efficiency and reducing environmental impact. This approach provides a solid basis for optimizing the operation of agricultural machinery and supporting sustainable waste management practices.
Genetic Mapping for Seed Aging Tolerance Under Multiple Environments in Sweet Corn
Authors: Du Yanchao , Lin Jianting , Jiang Haoxuan , Zhao Huating , Zhang Xuebiao , Wang Ruigang , Feng Faqiang
Published: January 2025

Seed vigor significantly impacts seed production and storage. Enhancing seed vigor is a pivotal goal in sweet corn breeding, as improved seed sowing quality is crucial for agricultural development, aiding in better resilience against storage adversities and facilitating long-term germplasm preservation. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, including 158 families, was derived from the aging-tolerant line K62 and the aging-sensitive line K107. Utilizing SNP arrays, genotypes were identified, and a genetic linkage map was constructed. Composite interval mapping was employed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with five seed vigor traits, namely the seedling fresh weight (SFW), germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), and vigor index (VI), at three days after artificial aging treatment. Upon analysis, a total of 42 QTLs affecting seed vigor indices were identified over two years. Of these, six were linked to SFW, while the GP, GR, GI, and VI each comprised nine QTLs. Nine QTL clusters were identified, with significant contributions (>10%) from Loci02.1, Loci05.2, Loci06.1, and Loci10.1, ranging from 9.50% to 24.20%, 8.89% to 11.54%, 9.16% to 15.55%, and 7.54% to 17.77%, respectively. Candidate genes were explored within QTL cluster regions based on the aging-induced transcriptomic sequencing data of K62 and K107. Through Gene Ontology enrichment, gene annotation, and expression profiling clustering analyses, 12 positive candidate genes linked to seed aging tolerance were identified. This study provides a foundational understanding of the genetic mechanisms of seed aging tolerance and the innovation of an elite germplasm for seed aging tolerance in sweet corn.
Plant Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: From Cellular to Morphological Changes—Series II
Authors: Lahlali Rachid , Laasli Salah-Eddine , Ait Barka Essaid
Published: January 2025

Plants continually encounter biotic and abiotic stresses, which threaten their growth, development, and productivity [...]
Multidisciplinary ML Techniques on Gesture Recognition for People with Disabilities in a Smart Home Environment
Authors: Panagiotou Christos , Faliagka Evanthia , Antonopoulos Christos P. , Voros Nikolaos
Published: January 2025

Gesture recognition has a crucial role in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) and in assisting the elderly to perform automatically their everyday activities. In this paper, three methods for gesture recognition and computer vision were implemented and tested in order to investigate the most suitable one. All methods, machine learning using IMU, machine learning on device, and were combined with certain activities that were determined during a needs analysis research. The same volunteers took part in the pilot testing of the proposed methods. The results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, revealing that while some methods excel in specific scenarios, the integrated solution of MoveNet and CNN provides a robust framework for real-time gesture recognition.
Standardization for Data Generation and Collection in the Dairy Industry: Addressing Challenges and Charting a Path Forward
Authors: Baldin Michel , Bewley Jeffrey M. , Cabrera Victor E. , Jones Kevin , Loehr Connie , Mazon Gustavo , Perez Juan D. , Utt Matthew , Weyers Jeff
Published: January 2025

Standards for data generation and collection are important for integration and for achieving data-driven actionable insights in dairy farming. Data integration and analysis are critical for advancing the dairy industry, enabling better decision-making, and improving operational efficiencies. This commentary paper discusses the challenges of and proposes pathways for standardizing data generation and collection based on insights from a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders. Drawing from a series of meetings of industry experts, academics, and farmers organized under the Dairy Brain Project’s Coordinated Innovation Network (CIN), we explore the benefits of creating uniform data generation and collection protocols to ensure compatibility and reliability across different data sources. Key insights include the importance of defining standardization at both farm and industry levels, the role of education and incentives, and the potential for using existing frameworks such as the International Committee for Animal Recording. Additionally, we highlight industry-specific case studies, including successful examples from Brazil such as GERAR, which focuses on reproductive performance data, and Labor Rural, which integrates data from multiple farms to provide valuable insights to farmers and milk processors. The paper concludes with recommendations for implementing these protocols and highlights the need to foster collaboration among stakeholders for the successful implementation and adoption of standardized data generation and collection protocols in the dairy industry.
Proteomics of the Dark-Ventral-Patch Sexual Signal in Male Red Deer
Authors: Broggini Camilla , Huertas-Abril Paula V. , Membrillo Alberto , de la Peña Eva , Abril Nieves , Carranza Juan
Published: January 2025

Sexual signals in animals encompass a variety of forms including visual, acoustic, and chemical signals that are fundamental for intra- and interspecific communication, including sexual selection processes. Among these, odor signals play a critical role. Chemical compounds involved in sexual signaling vary in nature, with lipids and proteins being particularly important. In the male Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), the dark ventral patch has been identified as a key sexual signal during mating competition, associated with specific chemical compounds deposited during urination. Hair plays a significant role in this signaling due to its ability to retain compounds on the scales of the hair cuticle. In this study, we used a shotgun proteomic approach to investigate whether the ventral patch hair retains proteins on its surface that could reveal metabolic and cell-signaling adaptations potentially related to reproductive activity. Characterization of the origin and functionality of the proteins found in the hair of the dark ventral patch of male red deer, and their relationship to distinct metabolic pathways, provides an initial understanding of the potential role of these compounds in chemical communication in red deer intrasexual competition for mates.
Retrospective Study of Chronic Coughing in Dogs in a Referral Centre in the UK: 329 Cases (2012–2021)
Authors: Asorey Blazquez Carla , Jolly Frahija Ico , Smith Arran , Miller Rachel , Seth Mayank , Garcia Manzanilla Edgar , Valls Sanchez Ferran
Published: January 2025

Chronic coughing is a common complaint in small animal medicine and it has an extensive differential diagnosis with very different treatment and prognosis. Coughing is considered chronic when it lasts at least 8 weeks. This retrospective study aimed to describe the most common causes of chronic coughing in a population of dogs that presented to a referral hospital in England between January 2012 and December 2021. In addition, we aimed to evaluate if an association with signalment, weight, coughing characteristics, and/or concomitant clinical signs could be identified. A total of 329 dogs met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent diagnoses were airway collapse (102/329, 30.7%), chronic bronchitis (80/329, 24.3%), neoplasia (62/329, 18.8%), and infectious bronchopneumonia (54/329, 16.4%). Other diagnoses were also identified in a lower number of cases. Pomeranian, Chihuahua, and Yorkshire Terrier were over-represented breeds for airway collapse. No predictive factors were identified for chronic bronchitis. Lower body weight (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–0.95), non-productive (OR 14.3 CI 3.44–50) paroxysmal coughing (OR 4.9, 95%, CI: 2.2–11.0), and exercise intolerance (OR 3.3, 95%, CI: 1.7–6.3) increased the odds of airway collapse. Older dogs (OR 1.025, 95%, CI: 1.014–1.036), higher body weight (OR 1.048, 95%, CI: 1.018–1.080), lethargy (OR 5.1, 95%, CI: 1.5–17.7), haemoptysis (OR 8.6, 95%, CI: 1.9–38.4), weight loss (OR 4.0, 95%, CI: 1.1–15.3), and inappetence (OR 6.5, 95%, CI: 1.9–22.1) increased the odds of neoplasia. Productive coughing (OR 3.0, 95%, CI: 1.5–6) and nasal discharge (OR 4.1, 95%, CI: 1.4–11.9) were predictive factors of infectious bronchopneumonia. Younger age (OR 0.96, 95%, CI: 1.061–1.150), higher body weight (OR 1.097, 95%, CI: 1.037–1.161), and haemoptysis (OR 11.8, 95%, CI: 1.8–78.5), increased the odds of airway foreign body. Higher body weight (OR 1.105, 95%, CI: 1.061–1.150), older age (OR 1.041, 95%, CI: 1.022–1.061), and regurgitation were predictive factors of laryngeal paralysis. Epiglottic retroversion was associated with younger age (OR 0.969, 95%, CI: 0.943–0.994), dysphagia (OR 42.5, 95%, CI: 4.7–382.7), and regurgitation (OR 11.6, 95%, CI: 1.2–113.1). All the aforementioned findings are valuable for prioritising differential diagnoses and consequently increasing the efficacy of the diagnostic plan and prioritising tests, which becomes even more important in cases where financial constraints are present. Finally, an appropriate selection of diagnostics tools helps optimise veterinary resources.
MDA-DETR: Enhancing Offending Animal Detection with Multi-Channel Attention and Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Li Huiqi , Sun Guodong , Yang Feng
Published: January 2025

Conflicts between humans and animals in agricultural and settlement areas have recently increased, resulting in significant resource loss and risks to human and animal lives. This growing issue presents a global challenge. This paper addresses the detection and identification of offending animals, particularly in obscured or blurry nighttime images. This article introduces Multi-Channel Coordinated Attention and Multi-Dimension Feature Aggregation (MDA-DETR). It integrates multi-scale features for enhanced detection accuracy, employing a Multi-Channel Coordinated Attention (MCCA) mechanism to incorporate location, semantic, and long-range dependency information and a Multi-Dimension Feature Aggregation Module (DFAM) for cross-scale feature aggregation. Additionally, the VariFocal Loss function is utilized to assign pixel weights, enhancing detail focus and maintaining accuracy. In the dataset section, this article uses a dataset from the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, which includes images of six common offending animal species. In the comprehensive experiments on the dataset, the mAP50 index of MDA-DETR was 1.3%, 0.6%, 0.3%, 3%, 1.1%, and 0.5% higher than RT-DETR-r18, yolov8n, yolov9-C, DETR, Deformable-detr, and DCA-yolov8, respectively, indicating that MDA-DETR is superior to other advanced methods.
Non-Redox-Based Electrochemical Detection of Adrenaline: A Simple and Reliable Approach Using Glass Nanopipets
Authors: Page Ralph J. , Koifman Gene , Manring Noel , Smeltz Jessica L. , Pathirathna Pavithra
Published: January 2025

The detection of adrenaline (Adr) is essential for monitoring physiological and clinical conditions, including stress response, cardiovascular health, and neurological disorders. We present a novel glass-nanopipet electrode sensor based on a non-redox ion-transfer approach using ion transfer across two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). Two ionophores, dibenzo-24-crown-8 ether (DB24C8) and dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether (DB18C6), were evaluated for their ability to facilitate Adr transfer across aqueous/dichloroethane interfaces. Among these, DB24C8 demonstrated superior stability, attributed to its larger ring size and stronger complexation with Adr. We systematically studied Adr transfer in various media, including KCl, DI water, Millipore DI water, and Tris buffer, and constructed calibration curves based on peak potential shifts that follow a power-law relationship with Adr concentration. The sensor achieved a detection limit of 5 pM in Tris buffer using DB24C8 and 50 pM with DB18C6, both significantly lower than the physiological concentration of Adr. Furthermore, the effects of pH and ionic strength on the peak shifts were analyzed, revealing that pH changes had a more substantial impact compared to ionic strength variations. Importantly, while DB24C8 and DB18C6 are known to facilitate the transfer of other cations, such as potassium and calcium, our findings confirm that these cation transfers do not interfere with Adr detection. This innovative ITIES-based sensing platform offers ease of fabrication, robustness, and excellent potential for real-time, in vivo applications. It represents a significant advancement in electrochemical detection technologies, paving the way for practical applications in clinical and physiological settings.
Field Measurements of Building Air-Conditioning Heat Rejection and the Thermal Environment in Urban Areas
Authors: Mu Kang , Suo Qiong , Ding Fangliang , Jiang Changwei , Zhang Xiaofeng , Ye Jing
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the surge in air-conditioning ownership and usage has led to significant heat rejection, impacting the surrounding atmosphere. Despite this, studies examining the spatiotemporal effects of air-conditioning heat rejection at a block scale remain limited. Additionally, comparative studies on the role of building areas with air-conditioning systems versus natural underlying surfaces in the urban thermal environment are relatively scarce. This study employs field measurements and ArcGIS technology to investigate the local thermal and humidity environments, as well as the spatiotemporal distribution of heat rejection from air-conditioning systems in Wuyi Square, Changsha. Results show that cooling tower exhausts in commercial buildings maintain relative humidity levels of 95.2% to 99.8% during the day, enhancing surrounding humidity. At night, the humidity aligns with atmospheric levels (from 50.3% to 62.5%). The cooling tower exhaust temperature is approximately 2.2 °C lower during the day and 2.4 °C higher at night compared to the surrounding temperatures. In contrast, exhausts from split-type air-conditioning units in residential buildings have an average relative humidity about 14.2% lower than the atmosphere humidity, with temperature averages being 5.2 °C higher during the day and 6.5 °C higher at night, raising surrounding temperatures. The study also finds that natural surface areas are up to 3.1 °C cooler and 9.6% more humid compared to built environment surfaces. Furthermore, residential areas have air temperatures about 0.3 °C higher than commercial zones, with a humidity distribution approximately 0.5% lower. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for enhancing urban thermal environments and informing urban planning and design.
A New Regional Background Atmospheric Station in the Yangtze River Delta Region for Carbon Monoxide: Assessment of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Regional Significance
Authors: Lin Yi , Li Shan , Yu Yan , Lu Meijing , Chen Bingjiang , Chen Yuanyuan , Zang Kunpeng , Liu Shuo , Qi Bing , Fang Shuangxi
Published: January 2025

A new meteorological station (DMS) was established at the Morning Glory summit in Zhejiang Province to provide regional background information on atmospheric composition in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China. This study investigated the first carbon monoxide (CO) records at DMS from September 2020 to January 2022. The annual average concentration of CO was 233.4 ± 3.8 ppb, which exceeded the measurements recorded at the other Asian background sites. The winter CO concentration remained elevated but peaked in March in the early spring due to the combined effect of regional emissions within the YRD and transportation impacts of North China and Southeast Asia sources. The diurnal cycle had a nocturnal peak and a morning valley but with a distinct afternoon climb, as the metropolis in the YRD contributed to a local concentration enhancement. The back trajectory analysis and the Weighted Potential Sources Contribution Function (WPSCF) maps highlighted emissions from Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces as significant sources. Due to well-mixed air conditions and fewer anthropogenic influences, DMS records closely aligned with the CO averages derived from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) covering the YRD, confirming its representativeness for regional CO levels. This study underscored DMS as a valuable station for monitoring and understanding CO spatiotemporal characteristics in the YRD region.
State of Charge and State of Health Estimation in Electric Vehicles: Challenges, Approaches and Future Directions
Authors: Soyoye Babatunde D. , Bhattacharya Indranil , Anthony Dhason Mary Vinolisha , Banik Trapa
Published: January 2025

This critical review paper delves into the complex and evolving landscape of the state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC) in electric vehicles (EVs), highlighting the pressing need for accurate battery management to enhance safety, efficiency, and longevity. With the global shift towards EVs, understanding and improving battery performance has become crucial. The paper systematically explores various SOC estimation techniques, emphasizing their importance akin to that of a fuel gauge in traditional vehicles, and addresses the challenges in accurately determining SOC given the intricate electrochemical nature of batteries. It also discusses the imperative of SOH estimation, a less defined but critical parameter reflecting battery health and longevity. The review presents a comprehensive taxonomy of current SOC estimation methods in EVs, detailing the operation of each type and succinctly discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the difficulties in applying different SOC techniques to battery packs, offering insights into the challenges posed by battery aging, temperature variations, and charge–discharge cycles. By examining an array of approaches—from traditional methods such as look-up tables and direct measurements to advanced model-based and data-driven techniques—the paper provides a holistic view of the current state and potential future of battery management systems (BMS) in EVs. It concludes with recommendations and future directions, aiming to bridge the gap for researchers, scientists, and automotive manufacturers in selecting optimal battery management and energy management strategies.