bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SENSORLESS SPEED CONTROL OF THE DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Peresada S. , Nikonenko Y. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine,, Pyzhov V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine,, Rodkin D. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a new speed control algorithm for a permanent magnet DC motor which does not require implementation of the angular speed sensor is presented. Three steps are performed to develop the control system: design of speed tracking control algorithm assuming the speed measurement; design of speed observer; design of sensorless speed control algorithm based on the principle of separation. Information about speed is taken from the speed observer using the motor current value. The stability of the composite system dynamics consisting of three subsystems (the speed regulation loop, current regulation loop, and speed observer) is analyzed. The feedback gains tuning procedure for decoupling of three subsystems is given. The simulation results show that the dynamic performance of the designed system is similar to the performance of the system with angular speed measurement. The resulting closed-loop system has structural robustness properties with respect to parametric and coordinate disturbances. References 12, figures 2.
ELECTRIC DISCHARGE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND CRITERIA OF EXPEDIENCY OF THEIR USE
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine,, Bereka V. , Kondratenko I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine,
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the known results of processing model aqueous solutions with different types of electric discharge using the AOT technology is carried out. Comparison of the processing efficiency for the decomposition of model pollutants for energy yield criterion (Y), as well as the prospects for further industrial implementation of the technology for the criterion of expected productivity, is carried out. The factors that influence the value of energy output and energy efficiency, in general, are determined. Ref. 17, fig. 2, tables 2.
Management of Long QT Syndrome in Women Before, During, and After Pregnancy
Authors: Taylor Caroline , Stambler Bruce S
Published: May 2021

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a primary genetic and electrical disorder that increases risk for torsades de pointes, syncope, and sudden death. Post-pubertal women with LQTS require specialized multidisciplinary management before, during, and after pregnancy involving cardiology and obstetrics to reduce risk for cardiac events in themselves and their fetuses and babies. The risk of potentially life-threatening events is lower during pregnancy but increases significantly during the 9-month postpartum period. Treatment of women with LQTS with a preferred β-blocker at optimal doses along with close monitoring are indicated throughout pregnancy and during the high-risk postpartum period.
Динаміка опаду в сосново-букових деревостанах та її зміни за впливу поступових рубок в умовах Львівського Розточчя
Authors: Yakhnytskyi Volodymyr , Krynytskyy Hryhoriy
Published: May 2021

Висвітлено особливості річної динаміки нагромадження опаду, його структурних фракцій (хвоя сосни, листя бука, листя супутніх порід, гілки, кора, шишки сосни, горішки бука, пліски горішків бука, насіння супутніх порід) та їхніх змін після проведення перших прийомів поступових рубок головного користування – рівномірних поступових і ґрупово-вибіркових в унікальних за складом та обмежених за поширенням сосново-букових лісостанах Львівського Розточчя. Залежно від лісівничо-таксаційних показників стиглих сосново-букових деревостанів, річна маса опаду становить, зазвичай, 5-6 т∙га-1  в абсолютно сухому стані. Найбільшу частку опаду в річному циклі становить листя бука (29,5-36,8%), значно меншу – хвоя сосни (20,8-25,6%). Достатньо значимою в складі опаду є маса гілок (12,4-14,7%), шишок сосни (10,5-11,7%), кори дерев (6,6-9,0%) і плісок горішків бука (3,6-10,6%). Невеликою часткою опаду представлені горішки бука (1,7-4,3%) та листя супутніх порід (0,4-1,7%) і найменшою – насіння супутніх порід (0,01-0,13%).

Найбільша маса опаду формується в жовтні (35,6-44,6%). Значна кількість мертвої фітомаси опадає також у вересні (14,1-16,2%) та в осінньо-зимово-весняний період (листопад – березень, 19,3-19,7%). Невелике збільшення опаду в сосново-букових деревостанах Львівського Розточчя є характерним і для травня (8,4-14,3%).

Найменша кількість фітомаси опадає в квітні (близько 2,0%). Невелику частку опаду спостережено також у липні (2,9-3,7%) і в серпні (2,7-3,7%).

Річна динаміка нагромадження окремих фракцій опаду в сосново-букових лісостанах є неоднозначною. Найбільша маса хвої сосни опадає у вересні (29,0-33,2%) або у жовтні (26,4-40,2%), листя бука та супутніх порід – у жовтні (відповідно, 84,5-87,4% і 81,0-81,2%), гілок – у зимовий період (38,9-63,6%) або у травні (13,1-45,3%), кори – у зимовий період (39,7-43,1%), шишок сосни – в травні і червні (відповідно, 26,7-38,0% і 28,7-38,8%), горішків бука – у вересні (54,2-58,7%), плісок горішків бука – у вересні і зимовий період (відповідно, 17,9-23,2% і 40,7-53,0%), насіння супутніх порід – у жовтні (57,1-70,7%).

Після проведення першого прийому рівномірної поступової рубки річна маса опаду зменшилась до 44,3%, а групово-вибіркової – до 62,1% порівняно з контролем. При цьому річна динаміка опаду і його фракцій після рубок істотно не змінилася
Теоретико-методологічні засади побудови лісонасінного районування України
Authors: Danchuk Oleg
Published: May 2021

Запропоновано методологію проведення робіт для розробки уніфікованого лісонасінного районування території України. Теоретичною основою такої розробки є природна внутрішньовидова мінливість деревних порід, що сформувалася у процесі еволюції як результат пристосування місцевих популяцій до умов середовища їх функціонування під дією природного добору. Для виділення окремих одиниць лісонасінного районування як базову, доцільно використати схему чинного фізико-географічного районування території України; результати досліджень, отримані під час розробки спеціальних видів районувань, важливих для організації ведення лісового господарства; дані з досліджень міжпопуляційної та внутрішньопопуляційної мінливості деревних порід.

Пропонується запровадити систему уніфікованих територіальних одиниць районування наступних рангових рівнів: підрайон, район, округ.

Просторові межі одиниць районування визначаються фізико-географічними умовами території та є загальними для всіх лісотвірних порід. Пропонований принцип використання уніфікованих одиниць районування відмінний від діючої з 1982 р. системи лісонасінного районування, яка, разом з наступними доповненнями, передбачала побудову окремих схем районування загалом для семи основних лісотвірних порід України.

Підрайони, як базові одиниці районування, пропонується поділити на донорні та  реципієнтні. Статус донорних підрайонів передбачає заборону використання у їх межах репродуктивного матеріалу інорайонних популяцій. Донорні підрайони є також  джерелом репродуктивного матеріалу для спеціально визначених відповідними  переліками реципієнтних підрайонів.

Впровадження пропонованих теоретико-методологічних засад лісонасінного районування забезпечить збереження генофонду лісових порід, ефективний захист найцінніших популяцій від проникнення чужорідного генетичного матеріалу, а також збагачення генофонду менш цінних популяцій завдяки штучно регульованому притоку генів із найцінніших популяцій.
Aportes de la historiografía a los imaginarios sociales: el caso del petróleo en México
Authors: Morales Josafat
Published: May 2021

En los últimos años han aumentado los estudios académicos sobre imaginarios sociales en América Latina desde diversas disciplinas. El presente trabajo pretende mostrar la manera en que la historiografía, en cuanto escritura de la historia, aporta elementos para la formación de los imaginarios sociales. Para esto se ha estudiado la obra de dos autores: Jesús Silva Herzog y Lorenzo Meyer, quienes han escrito sobre la expropiación petrolera en México. Ambos autores, cuyas obras abarcan alrededor de 30 años de investigaciones, hablan desde puntos de vista diferentes. El primero habla desde el punto de vista del testigo, al haber participado como parte del comité que integró la junta de conciliación y arbitraje encargada del análisis de la capacidad de las empresas petroleras para afrontar las demandas laborales de 1938, siendo influenciado en buena medida por el pensamiento marxista en boga en esa época. Por su parte, Lorenzo Meyer habla desde y para la academia institucionalizada, específicamente en relación con El Colegio de México, e influenciado por las teorías de la dependencia. Tras el análisis de su obra se ha descubierto que ambos autores tuvieron un impacto sobre el imaginario social en México, en el cual el petróleo tiene un lugar especial por estar ligado a la soberanía nacional. Por un lado, el texto de Silva Herzog sirve como legitimación del discurso de los gobiernos del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (pri), por otro, el de Lorenzo Meyer posicionó a dicho autor como especialista en el tema, con lo que su impacto en el imaginario ha sido también amplio. Aunque la lectura de los libros de historia puede ser limitada a un pequeño porcentaje de la población, se observa que, al ser textos verosímiles para sus lectores, su impacto puede ser mucho más amplio de lo que se pensaría en principio.
Prostitutas y jugadores: economías abyectas en la Argentina de los albores del siglo XX
Authors: Figueiro Pablo , Puglia María
Published: May 2021

Los modos en que el Estado ha lidiado con las prácticas y cuerpos abyectos han sido complejos. En Argentina, las leyes diseñadas a partir del siglo XIX tienen una configuración singular inspirada en la moralidad higienista y religiosa asociada a un imaginario de Nación que le imprimió una impronta particular al modo en que la sociedad definió ciertas prácticas como delictivas. Particularmente, nos centraremos en el vínculo entre legalidad, prácticas económicas y moral a partir del análisis de dos casos: las mujeres que ejercían la prostitución y los jugadores de azar a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Ambas prácticas se colocaron en el lugar de la marginalidad, siendo susceptibles de disputarse entre políticas punitivas y los discursos del “mal necesario”, y fueron objeto de políticas públicas para hacerlas inteligibles, produciendo como subjetividad las categorías de personas “enfermas”, “viciosas” y “delincuentes”.
En este orden de ideas, este trabajo reflexiona acerca del vínculo entre derecho e imaginarios morales, políticos y sociales en torno a la idea de nación y de crecimiento económico luego de 1880. Con este fin, se hace un ejercicio comparativo de los modos en que fueron tratadas en la Argentina las prácticas consideradas abyectas por su exterioridad, en relación con un imaginario de sociedad hegemónico.
A partir de una perspectiva genealógica, de debates parlamentarios y de la legislación de la época el artículo rastrea los esquemas cognitivos bajo los cuales se clasificaban determinadas prácticas económicas como inmorales y dañinas para la nación. Para esto se hace hincapié en la relación entre dinero y sectores populares.
En las apuestas, el dinero es “lavado” moralmente y marcado institucionalmente como dinero de bien público, convirtiendo en beneficencia una actividad “inmoral” y antieconómica que promovía el derroche, fomentando el ahorro y la rentabilidad económica. Mientras que en el caso de la prostitución, que también se juzga como inmoral, el Estado intervino en sentido contrario. La conversión del mercado del sexo en trata de blancas europeas fue el modo de inteligibilizar las migraciones femeninas y la ruptura de ciertos cánones familiares y sexuales tradicionales.
HPLC-fluorescence detection for assay of tramadol binary mixtures with ibuprofen or chlorzoxazone in tablets and plasma: Analytical Eco-Scale and GAPI tools for green assessment
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed M.A. , Abdel Moneim Mona M.
Published: May 2021

Tramadol, a strong pain killer known for its addictive problems is either co-administrated or co-formulated with other analgesics or muscle relaxants. The power of fluorescence detection in HPLC is tested to resolve such mixtures in plasma matrix to reach the required sensitivity with simple sample treatment using just protein precipitation. The aim of this work was to develop an eco-friendly and sensitive HPLC method with fluorimetric detection for analysis of Tramadol in its two binary mixtures with Ibuprofen (mixture 1) and Chlorzoxazone (mixture 2) in two combined dosage forms and spiked plasma. Separation was done using a C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (pH 3.5) in gradient elution and 1 mL/min flow rate. Detection was carried out with λ excitation/λ emission of 220 and 307 nm, respectively. The method was applied to detect the two binary mixtures in real plasma samples after invivo application to rats, to assure that the drugs’ metabolites do not affect the sensitivity or selectivity of the assay. Evaluation of greenness of the proposed method was done using semi-quantitative Eco‐Scale and new Green Analytical Procedure Index which showed that this method can be a greener alternative with higher sensitivity for analysis of both mixtures. The method (15 min-assay) was linear over concentrations of 0.1–10 μg/mL and 0.1–33 μg/mL in plasma. In addition, the proposed method was validated per ICH as well as FDA bioanalytical methods’ validation guidelines.
Research of material and technical resources inventory management in projects supply chains
Authors: Semenchuk Kateryna , Shutenko Tetiana
Published: May 2021

The object of research is the processes of material and technical support of projects in the field of supply chain management. One of the most challenging areas faced by logistics and project managers is determining the appropriate level of supply chain inventory management when implementing projects. Today, there is a demand for the development and implementation of dynamic supply chains, the essence of which is to increase the service level by increasing the speed of response to customer requests and flexibility in excess components (high stock levels, unbalanced duration of supply cycles), taking into account the uncertainty of demand.The analysis of the justification of the value of the supply chain, namely of such components as logistics costs, the cost of storing inventories and deficit costs, is carried out. Models of inventory management in the supply chain with centralized and decentralized service are presented. Calculations of the indicators of the standard deviation of demand and the duration of the supply cycle, the values of the cyclic and safety stock are presented. For the situation of centralized service of the resource flow, the influence of the demand dependence on the stock level was investigated.The study used the theory of supply chain management and project management, which made it possible to take into account the variability of demand and the duration of supply. As a result of the work, models of the volume of insurance stocks in conditions of uncertainty in demand and the duration of the supply cycle of resources are proposed. In order to ensure the optimal strategy of resource provision, the concept of «service level» was investigated. The service level of the first kind (cyclical service level) and the service level of the second kind (saturated demand) are considered.The results of this research provide an opportunity to improve project efficiency in the face of volatile demand, reduced product life cycle and increased competition. Such changes require supply chains to develop strategies that are focused on the end user, that is, an integrated supply chain management strategy is required.
Functioning analysis of meat processing industry in modern conditions on the example of Ukraine
Authors: Vlasenko Iryna , Semko Tetiana , Ivanisheva Olga
Published: May 2021

The object of research is meat processing enterprises on the example of Ukraine. One of the most problematic areas is the reduction in total beef and pork production. This negatively affects the development of the industry, which loses the opportunity to develop, create new jobs, enter the international market.
In the course of the study, general scientific and special methods were used. For example, the monographic method, methods of statistical grouping and correlation-regression analysis, as well as the graphical method were used to comprehensively study the current state of meat production. The grouping method was used to determine the influence of various factors on the level of efficiency in the production of different types of meat, and the comparison method was used to carry out a comparative analysis of the production of meat products in different time periods.
It is shown that in the general structure of agricultural production livestock products during 2015–2019 ranged from 24.1 to 20.9 % of the total. The largest percentage in this structure was occupied by breeding farm animals. The smallest share in this production is occupied by beef and veal. And its production continues to fall. Negative dynamics was also observed in pork production. The production of sausages is relatively stable. The largest volumes of production were provided by chicken. The Ukrainian market of meat and meat products is closely connected with the development of raw materials for the industry. The total number of farm animals by farm category is declining, excluding poultry.
The wholesale turnover of meat and meat wholesalers has been growing every year. Raw material production and processing are closely interrelated. Today, it is extremely important to reconcile the interests of producers and processors so that the market is predictable, has a defined development strategy, focused on increasing domestic consumption and to realize the export potential of the meat industry.
Study of the effect of electromagnetic field and radiation on the intensification of brewi ng processes
Authors: Sidor Vasilij , Usatiuk Svitlana , Tyshchenko Olena , Baranovska Iryna
Published: May 2021

The object of research is the enzymatic preparations Termamil and San-Super, malt and yeast. One of the most problematic places is that the action of the magnetic field and radiation can both stimulate the amylase activity of barley malt and cause its deactivation.
During the study, a certain number of electrophysical factors were used, namely: laser radiation, which was carried out using a helium-neon laser, ultraviolet radiation – using a nitrogen gas laser, X-rays, a constant uniform magnetic field, ultrasound.
Results have been obtained that confirm the positive effect of the magnetic field on the activation of the amyloletic activity of concentrated preparations. A study was also conducted in accordance with the effect of electromagnetic waves on the activation of enzymes in barley and wheat malt, which showed a positive effect. This is ensured by the fact that in the course of the study, thanks to experiments, the best duration of irradiation with electromagnetic waves and different types of radiation for enzyme preparations, malt and yeast was found. These methods have a number of features. This is the availability of the appropriate equipment and knowledge of the individual types of rays, magnetic fields and electromagnetic waves, and their potential effects on enzymes, as well as control of the exposure time and magnetic field load.
Due to the action of electromagnetic waves and radiation, for a certain amount of time, it is possible to obtain an increased activity of enzymatic preparations. Compared to the fermentative preparations Termamil and San-Super, malt and yeast, which are not susceptible to the load of magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves and various types of radiation, the fermentative preparations Termamil and San-Super, malt and yeast, which were susceptible to the action of electromagnetic waves, as well as radiation show increased activity of action. At the same time, these preparations reduce the amount of costs and increase the yield of finished products, which will serve as a positive aspect for the economic sphere of the enterprise.
Human and Steppe in the Early Iron Age. Results of Interdisciplinary Research
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Krivosheev Mikhail , Pererva Evgeniy ,   Volgograd State University, Eltsov Maksim ,   Institute of Physical-Chemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Recent archaeological studies deal with the integration of natural science disciplines. Such scientific interaction includes the reconstruction of climatic changes, human adaptation to the changing conditions of nature, study of sociocultural specifics in nomadic groups as well as rising archaeological cultures, with emphasis on the interconnection between the fluctuations of steppe environmental conditions and steppe populations. Analysis. The article presents the results of the carried out interdisciplinary analysis of classic and modern archaeological studies and natural science disciplines. This allows evaluating the specifics of different factors (paleoclimatic, sociocultural, etc.) influencing the “steppe-human” system in a new way. Such factors as registered climatic changes, spreading areas of archaeological cultures, mortuary funeral rites, results of paleoanthropological examination, written records and ethnographic data provide evidence to reconstructing different time-span events of early nomads’ history in one context. The reconstruction of historical reality shows quite strong correlation between the environment and specific features in the development of ancient steppe societies. Human has high adaptive abilities to changing factors. However, the steppe population mode of life is extremely conservative and it has practically never changed during the Sarmatian or Sauromatian history. Climate fluctuations over the steppe area influenced the demographic and social structure of nomadic society. During auspicious periods, nomadic communities became populous and active politically and military. If negative factors dominated, the population tended to decrease and the social structure tended to simplify. Critical indicators of aridization and humidization in Eurasian steppes are followed with the population outflow, which is evidenced by small amount of archaeological sites or even by vanishing of cultures. Results. Thus, the authors conclude that when studying archaeological sites of the Early Iron Age nomadic cultures, it is necessary to consider the steppe and human as a single organism responsive to changing and a strong impact of environmental and socio-cultural factors.
On the Origin of the Caspian Culture
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Vybornov Aleksandr , Stavitsky Vladimir ,   Penza State University, Kulkova Marianna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The territory of Lower Volga occupies a special place in studying the cultural genesis of Eastern Europe. Prominent cultures of the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age were formed there and played an important role in the formation of the Volga-Ural hearth of cultural genesis. Equally important is the problem of the origin of the Caspian culture, with which researchers associate the beginning of the spread of cattle breeding and the emergence of the first copper products in the Volga steppe. Methods and discussion. The researchers expressed quite similar views on this issue. The process of Caspian culture origin in the Lower Volga region was considered as autochthonous with the participation of northern components. The substrate basis was the Oryol culture, and the superstrate was the societies of the Volga region forest-steppe. The comprehensive analysis of Volga steppe materials allows offering an alternative view of the Caspian culture genesis. The appearance of several features (collar-like thickening, a combed stamp, the technique of increased spin, producing economy, the dominance of quartzite raw materials for the manufacture of tools, the technique of forced squeezing in the receipt of logs, the emergence of producing farming in the form of cattle breeding, etc.) is associated not with the northern foreststeppe and forest-steppe, but with western components. The comparative analysis of radiocarbon dates of the forest-steppe and steppe Volga, Northern Caspian Sea and Don area supports this version. The chronological priority is fixed for materials of the Don area and Azov region. It is in these areas that the leading features characteristic of the Caspian culture appeared earlier. Results. The earlier complexes of the Caspian culture were formed in the Northern Caspian about 5700 BC. Later its penetration into the Lower and forest-steppe Volga Basin was recorded.
Demographic Threats to National Security in the Political Discourse of the Russian Federation (1992–2019)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Vasilieva Ekaterina , Rostovskaya Tamara ,   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Süleymanlý Ebulfez ,   Üsküdar University
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Population growth in the world is uneven: while in some countries the population has been growing for a long time (China, India), in Russia and in many EU and BRIC countries, the birth rate has been declining in recent years; and if this does not affect the population, then only by increasing life expectancy and migration. Abrupt changes – both growth and decline – in the population are a threat to the national security of the state. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of political management (strategies and tools) aimed at solving demographic problems and increasing the birth rate in the Russian Federation, as well as to identify the stages of the formation of demographic policy in the Russian Federation in 1992–2019. Methods and materials. Based on the qualitative analysis of normative documents, the frame analysis of speeches of political leaders the main factors that influenced the coverage of demographic problems are revealed (the authors used official electronic versions of the following publications: “Sobranie Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation) and “Byulleten normativnykh aktov federalnykh organov ispolnitelnoy vlasti” (Bulletin of Normative Acts of Federal Executive Authorities). Analysis. The proposed research strategy allowed identifying demographic threats to national security articulated by political actors and presented in official documents, statements of officials, as well as to compare the political decisions taken in the Russian Federation with the decisions taken in some European countries. Strategic documents that ensure national security of the Russian Federation by including the demographic agenda in political discourse are considered as a tool of political management. Results. The article assesses the effectiveness of political management in solving demographic problems and increasing the birth rate in the Russian Federation, identifies the stages of the formation of demographic policy in the Russian Federation in 1992–2019, as well as the features of the articulation of demographic problems in the political discourse of Russia, and describes demographic threats. The analysis of the regulatory framework as a tool for political management, demographic threats prevention, as well as the basis of the state strategy for increasing the birth rate in the Russian Federation allowed identifying policy decisions that can be used to develop new measures within the framework of programs to increase the birth rate in the Russian Federation.
About Anthropological Connections Between the Scythians of the Northern Black Sea Region and the Sauromat-Sarmatian Population of 6th – 3rd Centuries BC
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Balabanova Mariya
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The article discusses the issue of possible connections of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian population of the 6th – 3rd centuries BC of the Southern Urals, the Lower Volga region and the Lower Don with the synchronous groups of the Northern Black Sea region according to physical anthropology. This problem is directly related to the origin of the Scythians, which still remains controversial. The review of scientific literature has shown that the problem of anthropological relationships between these two groups of early nomads in Eastern Europe has not yet been considered. Methods and materials. Testing for the existence of models of ethnogenetic relationships was carried out using intergroup comparisons of craniometric data. Mass material on the early nomads of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian period of the Southern Urals, the Lower Volga region, the Lower Don and the steppe Scythians of the Northern Black Sea region was processed by the canonical method, followed by the consideration of the proximity of Mahalanobis. For this, digital information on 48 male and 30 female craniological series was used. Results. The greatest morphological similarity with the eastern Sauromat-Early Sarmatian populations is possessed by an elite group from the royal kurgans (Aleksandropol and Zheltokamenka), as well as local groups from the Sivash and Nosak regions. In all compared groups, the type of ancient Eastern Caucasians prevails, which combined mesobrachicrania with a weakened horizontal facial profile at the upper level. Thus, the results of the study showed the presence of ethnogenetic relationships in the studied early nomads, which either confirms the hypothesis about the possible influence of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian component on changes in the intragroup structure of the Northern Black Sea populations, or indicate the presence of a single genetic substrate of South Siberian origin.
Inserção dos Alunos da·Primeira Série do Curso de Medicina em Serviços de Saúde
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Bernadete , Moraes Ana Maria Silveira Machado de
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Acreditando nos benefícios do contato do aluno de Medicina com o indivíduo e a comunidade, desde o início do curso, idealizamos este projeto de ensino, desenvolvido de 1998 a 2000. Os objetivos foram introduzir os alunos na prática da profissão médica, por meio do contato com a população, seus problemas e necessidade; estimulá-los a reconhecer o papel social e político do médico; e promover a integração escola serviço. O projeto se desenvolveu numa unidade de saúde onde os alunos permaneciam quatro horas semanais em atividades gerais da unidade e mais duas horas sem mais dedicadas ao estudo. Os alunos demonstraram bastante interesse nas atividades. Verbalizaram o quanto este estágio foi importante para o conhecimento da profissão e da realidade da saúde do município e como essas informações os ajudaram a compreender o significado das disciplinas estudadas no primeiro ano. Concluímos que, no currículo de Medicina, as atividades em unidades básicas de saúde devem ser priorizadas, não descuidando da formação científica e do embasamento teórico das práticas médicas.
Prevenção da Neurocisticercose: Avaliação do Conhecimento do Tema entre Médicos e Estudantes de Medicina
Authors: Assencio-Ferreira Vicente José , Nanci Marcos Paulo Bossetto , Santos Elizangela Calheiro dos
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento a respeito da prevenção da neurocisticercose (NCC) entre estudantes de Medicina, médicos-residentes e médicos. Métodos: no primeiro semestre de 2001, foram avaliados 384 estudantes de Medicina por meio das questões. “O que é neurocisticercose?” e “Como prevenir-se da doença?”. No segundo semestre, as mesmas questões foram aplicadas a 37 médicos residentes e 51 médicos com mais de quatro anos de formação. Resultados: a maioria dos alunos (95,8%) soube definir NCC, mas apenas 45% deram resposta acertada quanto à forma de se prevenir. Entre os médicos residentes o índice de acerto foi, respectivamente, de 97% e 43%, entre os médicos 88% e 41%. Conclusão: é alto o índice de erro tanto entre estudantes (55%), como entre médicos residentes (57%) e médicos (59%) na resposta à forma correta de se prevenir contra a NCC isto sugere, fortemente, a inadequação da forma como o tema é abordado na universidade.
A Residência Médica em Diagnóstico por Imagem no Brasil
Authors: Souza Evandro Guimarães de , Koch Hilton Augusto
Published: May 2021

Resumo: A Residência Médica em Radiologia ou Diagnóstico por Imagem constitui a modalidade de curso ideal para a formação de especialistas. Os alunos analisaram a situação do credenciamento dos 73 programas de Residência Médica em Diagnóstico por Imagem no Brasil, reconhecidos pela Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica. Foram considerados na análise o número de Residentes e sua distribuição nas grandes regiões do Brasil, além dos atuais critérios determinados por essa Comissão para o credenciamento desses programas. Encontram-se credenciados 71 programas e dois apresentam insuficiências. Observa-se que 60,27% dessas instituições e 73,50% dos Residentes se encontram na Região Sudeste. No prazo de dois anos, as instituições deverão adaptar seus programas aos novos critérios para credenciamento. Sugere-se um trabalho conjunto da Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica e do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia. Esta aliança teria o objetivo de supervisionar essas modificações, orientar a criação de novos programas e estabelecer as competências a serem alcançadas pelos Residentes, aprimorando constantemente o treinamento oferecido.
Blueberry balsamic vinegar: bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity during processing and assessment of diverse evaporation techniques for juice
Authors: Davies Cristina Verónica , Gerard Liliana Mabel , Soldá Carina Alejandra , Corrado María Belén , Arteaga María Cristina Cayetano
Published: May 2021

Abstract Blueberries are widely recognized for their beneficial health effects due to their bioactive compounds content. In addition, balsamic vinegars trade developed quickly because of their wide acceptance in gourmet food. A novel product made with second quality berries, being suitable for human consumption, i.e., blueberry balsamic vinegar, was evaluated. This work aimed to assess changes in Total Anthocyanins (TA), Total Phenolics (TP), and antioxidant activity during production process of blueberry balsamic vinegar, at the following stages: raw material, blueberries juice after enzyme treatment, blueberries alcoholic substrate, blueberries vinegar, concentrated blueberry juice and blueberries balsamic vinegar. Additionally, three alternative evaporation systems, rotary vacuum evaporator, microwave and vacuum microwave, were evaluated in order to determine the concentration method that best retains TA and TP in blueberry juice for its further use in this process. The highest TA and TP retention was achieved by blueberry juice concentration with a rotary vacuum evaporator. On the other hand, both alcoholic fermentation and acetification negatively affected those compounds and antioxidant activity during vinegar production. However, mixing with concentrated juice to obtain blueberry balsamic vinegar allowed balancing nutrient concentration reductions due to processing. The present study showed that production of blueberry balsamic vinegar gives rise to an interesting possibility to reduce losses due to fruit waste while getting added value products with healthy qualities.
Suplementos alimentares: uma fonte de doping não intencional?
Authors: Costa Bruno Ruiz Brandão da , Cruz Márcia Nogueira da Silva de la , Roiffé Rafaela Rocha , Padilha Monica Costa
Published: May 2021

Resumo O excessivo consumo de suplementos alimentares, aliado a uma legislação inespecífica e a um controle de qualidade ineficiente, faz com que a saúde dos consumidores seja colocada em risco devido à possível existência de contaminantes, em especial pró-hormônios, esteroides anabolizantes e estimulantes. Estes compostos podem proporcionar um aumento do desempenho esportivo e acarretar uma série de efeitos adversos, sendo assim proibidos pela Agência Mundial Antidopagem. A contaminação de suplementos pode ocorrer de maneira deliberada ou através de más práticas de produção, em que são encontrados traços dessas substâncias. Todavia, ambos os casos exigem atenção, já que uma contaminação de apenas 0,00005% em massa pode levar ao doping. Neste sentido, estima-se que de 6,4% a 8,8% dos casos estejam relacionados ao consumo de suplementos contaminados. Perante estes fatos, os objetivos principais do trabalho foram: fazer uma revisão da literatura tanto em trabalhos nacionais quanto internacionais, no que concerne à contaminação de suplementos alimentares e sua relação com a dopagem não intencional, bem como orientar os consumidores a escolherem produtos mais seguros. Neste sentido, foi possível observar que os suplementos nacionais são, geralmente, mais seguros quanto à presença de substâncias proibidas, principalmente em relação à contaminação por agentes anabolizantes. Contudo, ainda é preciso um melhor controle de qualidade perante a contaminação/adulteração por estimulantes.
INTRA- AND INTEROBSERVER REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CRANIAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Pinto Igor Pellucci , Vieira Fábio Antônio , Curto David Del , Ueta Renato Hiroshi Salvioni , Puertas Eduardo Barros
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of radiographic cranial parameters. Method: A study of the reproducibility of the radiographic cranial parameters (cranial incidence, cranial tilt, cranial slope and spinocervical angle) of 40 patients by 4 observers with different levels of experience. Results: Cranial incidence (CI) showed poor intraobserver concordance; for the other cranial parameters, good to excellent concordance was observed. In the assessment of interobserver concordance, all the parameters analyzed showed statistical significance, with good CI concordance. Conclusion: Cranial parameters are easily reproducible by orthopedists with different levels of experience. CI showed good interobserver concordance, but only reasonable intraobserver concordance among more experienced observers. Level of evidence IV; Diagnostic Study.
NEW PROPOSAL FOR THE TREATMENT OF CORONAL SPLIT FRACTURES IN LUMBAR VERTEBRAE: THE FATIGUE CURVE
Authors: Hubner André Rafael , Scortegagna Carlos Tobias , Israel Charles Leonardo , Ivo Everton Luis do Amarante , Favretto Fabiano , Ribeiro Marcelo , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a new treatment for split fractures through fatigue tests on a swine model. Methods: Thirty lumbar spine samples (L2-L3-L4) from swine models were divided into three test groups. The first was the control group (intact vertebrae). In the second group, a bone defect was created, similar to a coronal split fracture of the vertebral body. For this, a bone defect (osteotomy) was performed in the coronal axis of the middle third of the middle lumbar vertebral body (L3), keeping the disc-ligament structures intact. In the third group, the same procedure was performed to cause bone failure, but was associated with the use of synthesis material, with pedicular fixation using 3.5 mm cannulated screws with partial thread, in order to apply compression at the fracture site, giving resistance and support to the vertebra. The groups were submitted to biomechanical fatigue tests. The number of cycles required to failure in the specimen was analyzed. Results: The use of the synthesis material increased the resistance of the fractured vertebrae to levels equal to those of the intact vertebra for low cycles with loads of 40% of the failure load, possibly losing up to 20% of their resistance for higher cycles. Conclusions: In the vertebrae in which synthetic material was used, greater resistance to a greater number of cycles for a longer period of time was observed when compared with the fractured vertebrae, suggesting that this is an interesting method for the fixation of split-type spinal fractures. Level of evidence III; Experimental Study.
TRAUMATIC ATLANTOAXIAL ROTATORY DISLOCATION IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: Illanes Cristian
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The treatment of C1-C2 rotatory dislocation remains controversial and surgery is rare. Surgical treatment is indicated when the injury satisfies the instability criteria or when it cannot be reduced. The objective of this study is to analyze the principles and the adaptations necessary for treating these injuries in the pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective case series study. Three cases of patients diagnosed with traumatic C1-C2 rotatory dislocation and treated surgically in our hospital were studied. Through critical analysis of the available literature, a practical guide was proposed to establish the principles and competencies for the treatment of these injuries. Results: The operated cases were female patients between 8 and 16 years of age, with a diagnosis of traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation. Two patients required preoperative skeletal traction with halo. All patients underwent posterior instrumented arthrodesis, two with a transarticular screw technique and one with mass and C2 isthmic (Göel-Harms) screws. Conclusion:. It is essential to determine if the injury is stable and reducible. We recommend treating this type of injury keeping the criteria and competencies related to the stability, alignment, biology and function of the spine in mind. Level of evidence IV; Case series.
NOTIFICATION OF 6442 CASES OF BONE TUBERCULOSIS IN BRAZIL: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE FROM 2009 TO 2018
Authors: Moraes Adrielle Pinto , Soares João Paulo Cavalcanti Figueiredo , Vieira Raimundo Fabricio Seade , Santos Deivid Ramos dos , Guibilei Dante Bernardes , Carvalho Marcio Oliveira Penna de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the occurrence of notified cases of bone tuberculosis in Brazil during the period from 2009 to 2018. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study. The data consisted of cases reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of DATASUS. To analyze the results, the non-parametric statistical Chi-squared and G tests, capable of expressing statistical associations, were used. Results: 6,442 cases of bone tuberculosis were reported in Brazil, with an average of 644.2 cases per year. The Southeast was responsible for 41.5% of the cases (n = 2676). The extrapulmonary form accounted for 87.9% (5661). There was a predominance in males (66.1%, n = 4258), Whites (41.6%, n = 2678) and in the above 35 years of age group (73.9%, n = 4757). In the data collected, the risk factor data was not correctly filled out, making reliable statistical associations impossible in this study, mainly between alcoholism, tobacco use, AIDS, diabetes, mental illness, illicit drug use and homelessness. Conclusion: There was greater notification of cases of bone tuberculosis in the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil, which predominantly affected young, economically productive men. Tuberculosis has a correlation with diabetes, HIV / AIDS, smoking and alcohol and drug use, according to the results of this study. Level of evidence II; Retrospective, analytical, quantitative and descriptive study.
Doubling the capacity of Kempegowda International Airport in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Chikatamarla Rohit Kumar , Chandramouli Sundar
Published: May 2021

Kempegowda International Airport in Bengaluru started a US$1.73 billion expansion plan in 2015 to double its capacity to 45 million passengers a year. This paper describes the civil engineering elements of the substantial expansion, including 16 million m3 of earthworks followed by building of a new 4 km parallel runway, a 255 000 m2 second terminal and associated roads, bridges, power and water infrastructure. The latter includes a campus-wide system of interconnected rainwater harvesting ponds, underlining the airport’s commitment to sustainability. The existing airport remained operational through the expansion works, which – following significant restrictions imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic – are due for successful completion in 2022.
Supuestos epistemológicos en corrientes psicoterapéuticas fundamentales
Authors: Cifuentes-Muñoz Alejandro Antonio
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo pretende ser un punto de convergencia en dos áreas de relevancia para las ciencias humanas: la psicología y la filosofía, mediante la presentación de una propuesta metodológica que permita la develación de supuestos epistemológicos presentes en las corrientes psicoterapéuticas fundamentales. La filosofía de la psicología se presenta como el contexto teórico general que rige la propuesta, y dentro de ella se delimita una línea de investigación específica denominada “epistemología de la psicoterapia”, cuyo foco es la develación de los supuestos epistemológicos presentes en teorías psicoterapéuticas. Se desarrolla una propuesta metodológica basada en la hermenéutica analógica que converge en un modelo de análisis que permite develar tales supuestos epistemológicos. La propuesta se fundamenta en torno a su relevancia epistemológica y psicoterapéutica, en congruencia con los intereses de la American Psychological Association (APA). Finalmente se presenta un ejemplo de aplicación del modelo. A modo de cierre, se exhiben algunas reflexiones en torno a los desafíos e implicancias en la práctica psicoterapéutica de la propuesta.