bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reality of Evaluation of Graduate Students for Scientific Research in Jordanian Public and Private Universities
Authors: Shaqra Rawan Kheder Yousef Abu
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to identify the reality of the evaluation of graduate students for scientific research in Jordanian public and private universities. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive survey method (a questionnaire) which  consisted of (28) items distributed on the following fields:1) financial funding for scientific research, 2) community support for scientific research, 3) the organization of policies, strategies and legislation, and 4) the environment of research and development. The sample of the study consisted of (351) students, who are studying in public and private universities, including (210) students in public universities and (141) students in private universities. The results of the study showed that the evaluation of students of higher studies for scientific research in Jordanian public and private universities was (high). The ranking of the fields was as follows: the organization of policies, strategies and legislation came first, the environment of research and development came second and the field of community support for scientific research came last. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of statistical significance (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean of the estimates of the respondents on the fields of study due to gender variable, university type and scientific degree .And that the estimates of the reality of the evaluation of graduate students for scientific research vary depending on the type of university and the type of college.
Spectators of Suffering: Witnessing Victims of Jungle Justices on Social Media
Authors: Nwakpu Ekwutosi Sanita , Ogbodo Jude Nwakpoke , Nwakpu Iruka Wilfred , Oyeleke Adeola Sidikat
Published: January 2020

With the availability of the media, no one will deny both proximal and distance happenings across the globe especially when it is about suffering of others. The visibilities of these sufferings of others are much triggered with the emergence of new media.  People of different socio-cultural and demographic background have adopted social media as means of letting the world know the happenings around them. In Nigeria through the medium, people have become witnesses to the suffering of victims of jungle justice as their images are constantly displayed on daily basis. Existing studies on audience reaction to suffering of others through mediated images shows that audience response to such images are dependent on their gender, socioeconomic, political and religious background, and some arguing that they have become numb and no longer care about suffering of others. Though these may be true, it cannot be generated to Nigeria audiences as a lot of factors determine how audience responded to mediated images. Little or no study of Nigeria background verified how Nigerians respond to suffering of others especially on the victims of disaster and attacks such as jungle justice. It is against these backdrops that this study through survey (focus group interview) determines Nigerian respond to images of victims of jungle justices in Nigeria. The finding reveals that Nigerians are not numbs when faced with such images and reaction is that of pity and ‘it could have been me’ with the sense of responsibility as to help avert the suffering.
Psychological Symptoms in Young Adult Migraineurs
Authors: Akalin Turgay , Sinal Aysin
Published: January 2020

We aimed to reveal psychological symptoms of young university students (18-25 y/o) with no secondary disease with complaints of migraine headaches. We compared the psychological symptoms with a young control group that did not present headaches and other studies examining migraines in different age groups to determine any similarities. The study consisted of 75 migraine cases; 13 with aura and 62 without aura) and 42 non-headache control subjects. The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3) with criteria questions and the Psychological Symptom Research Scale were applied to all participants and SPSS Statistics Program evaluated the data. Findings: 1) In the test of Descriptive Statistics for the Sample of Students, average values of both sexes were taken and found the average values of the migraine groups were higher than control group. 2) The Anova Test found differences in the diagnostic group besides depression (Somatisation p<., others p<.01) with no significant difference in depression (p=0.315). 3)The Pearson Correlation Analysis, found no association between age and psychological symptoms. There’s a significant relationship between psychological symptoms with somatisation (besides paranoid) (p<.05). There’s a significant relationship between depression and other psychological symptoms (p<.05). There’s a significant relationship between anxiety, obsession, interpersonal relationships, psychoticism, paranoia, anger, phobia, additional scale and other psychological symptoms (p<.01). Result: The study demonstrated psychological symptoms in young migraineurs. The average psychological symptoms of both migraine groups were higher than the control group, this showed psychological symptom similarities between young migraineurs and migraine patients of different age groups.
SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK MENDIAGNOSA PENYAKIT LUPUS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Hidayat Thofik , Nasution Hanifah Nur , Nasution Sari Wahyuni Rozi , Fauzi Rahmad
Published: January 2020

Penyakit lupus ialah merupakan suatu jenis penyakit daya tahan organ tubuh, atau penyakit auto imun yang akan menyerang sebagian organ tubuh. Diagnosa awal oleh medis penyakit lupus dapat membantu para pasien berguna mengantisipasi penyakit lainnya yang lebih parah. Suatu  Sistem pakar yang akan dapat diterjemahkan berupa sistem berbasis komputerisasi yang akan menggunakan pengetahuan,berbagai  fakta, dan teknik cara penalaran dalam memecahkan suatu masalah yang hanya akan dipecahkan oleh seorang pakar ahli dalam bidang itu sendiri.Penggunaan Aplikasi sistem pakar dapat membantu dalam mendiagnosa awal penyakit lupus. Faktor kepastian (Certainty Factor) yang diusulkan oleh Shortliffe dan Buchanan pada tahun 1975 untuk mengakomadasi ketidakpastian pemikiran (inexact reasoning) seorang pakar. Certainty Factor (CF) menunjukkan ukuran kepastian terhadap suatu fakta atau aturan. penerapan metode ini ke dalam sistem pakar diharapkan mampu memberikan solusi praktis untuk mendiagnosa penyakit lupus secara dini.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU AGREEMENT ON THE SAFETY OF WATER RESOURCES
Authors: Levkovska Lyudmila , Titarenko Galina
Published: January 2020

The article outlines the main problems of public-private partnership formation in the water sector of Ukraine when implementing EU agreements on environmental safety, including in the water sector of Ukraine. The ways of optimization of state financial support for modernization of the water management complex are presented.
STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC AND ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE BY FOREST AGRICULTURE
Authors: Botsula Olexandr
Published: January 2020

It is proved that an important issue in the process of forming a strategy of ecological and economic development of forestry based on the postulates of spatial analysis is to reconcile strategic parameters in two vectors: economic (development of potential) and ecological (reproduction of potential). At the same time, mastering and reproduction, as two main processes, are reflected in various types of forestry activities (forestry, logging, forest protection, harvesting of non-timber forest resources, forest management, recreational forest use, etc.).
For analysis from the whole set of indicators characterizing ecological and economic efficiency of forest management, we selected two main ones. The first indicator illustrates the economic criterion, which is the main purpose of forestry, as well as any branch of the economy, and is expressed, in particular, by the volume of products, works and services of the forestry. The second indicator illustrates the ecological aspect of the forest industry and, in contrast to the operational function, characterizes the reproductive functions, which, in our opinion, can be expressed in the dynamics of changes in forest area.
THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS ON NATURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Omelchenko Alla , Stepanyuk Olga
Published: January 2020

The essence of the concept of economic transformations in the context of the fourth industrial revolution is revealed. The vectors of positive and negative influence of transformation processes on the level of ecological and natural and technological safety are determined. The modern approaches and methods of realization of structural transformations through the synergistic interaction effect are analyzed. The approaches to the instrumental assessment of the impact of transformations on the level of safety ty of the territory are proposed.
PROJECTIVE ACTIVITY APPROACH TO SPATAL MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE ASSETS
Authors: Bystryakov Igor , Klynovyi Dmitry
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is determination of system signs of the projective approach to the spatial management of natural resource assets in business-ecosystems through a competition and collaboration of management entities, with maximization of public welfare due to optimal organization of business processes in physical, informative and financial spaces. It is exposed a difference between projective-activity and economic-activity approaches as the displacement of administrative attention from an enterprise on a product, through realization of investment projects by totality of productive and logistic enterprises with creation its shared value, that exceeds individual value, created by a separate enterprise.
The Appendageal Wainscot- Dermoid Cyst
Authors: Bajaj Anubha
Published: January 2020

Epidermoid and dermoid cystsare developmental cysts which ensue from displacement ofembryologic tissue or sites of fusion of embryonic elementsand weredescribed by Roser in 1859.Congenital dermoid cysts are described as a dys-embryogeniclesions arising from entrapped ectodermal tissueduringgestational midlinefusionoffirst or secondbranchial arch. Acquireddermoid cysts were designated as “Implantation cysts” in 1895by Sutton and can be engendered bysurgical procedures, as a variant of thyroglossal duct cyst oras traumatic manifestationdisplaying entrapped surface epithelium and implanted epithelial cells of deep connective tissue with subsequent differentiation and configuration of a cyst. Dermoid cysts are commonly asymptomatic and secondary infection ensures the emergence of clinical symptoms. Dermoid cysts are soft, nodular, sessile lesions with an absent pedicle and are discerned on commonly enunciated onfacial regions such as the upper lip, gingiva, palate, uvula or as intra-oral lesions, although no site is exempt.
Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Inner Lip
Authors: Grimalt Ramon
Published: January 2020

Variations on normality on the vulvar aspect have generated many difficulties among general pediatricians.The great amount of aesthetical perfection has led to an increasing number of adolescents seeking for vulvar correction. Here we describe a common alteration and provide some clues on the eventual surgical managing of the condition.
Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health
Authors: M Goldberg
Published: January 2020

Diabetes is characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood.Type I diabetes mellitusresults from insulin deficiency. In contrast, type 2 diabetes results of insulin resistance.A third group recently identified confirmed that the secretory defects of gestational insulin are the consequence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Symptoms of diabetes include the classic triad [polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia]. Long-term complications of diabetes include nephropathy and autoimmune cardiovascular illness dysfunctions. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop more slowly than type I diabetes. These patients may be obese. Adults develop micro- and macro- vascular conditions, producing irreversible damages to the eyes (retinopathy, cataracts), kidney (nephropathy), nervous system (neuropathy and parenthesis). Oral complications including candidiasis (fungal infection due to any type of Candida), dental caries, tooth loss, gingivitis, lichen planus, neurosensory disorders (burning mouth syndrome), periodontitis, salivary dysfunction, xerostomia, and taste impairment. Diabetes implicate greater prevalence of fissured tongue, irritation fibroma, traumaticulcers, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Hyperglycemia induces non-enzymatic elevated levels of glucose that stimulate interleukin-6 expression. Altogether these factors contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Blood Profile of Lymphocyte Lineage Determining Transcription Factor Gata3 May Influence Malaria Disease Outcome of Children in the South of Benin
Authors: CD Capo-chichi
Published: January 2020

Background: Child morbidity in African countries including the Republic of Benin, is mostly attributed to parasitic infectious diseases involving malaria. Molecular disorder often underlies the vulnerability of children immune system to infectious diseases. This reduces the ability of immune system to combat appropriately exogen organisms including parasites larva, bacteria or viruses. GATA-3 is a nuclear protein expressed by immune cells and belongs to a family member of the lymphocyte CD4 lineage determining transcription factors inducible by retinoic acid. Thus, GATA3 is one of the main regulators of lymphocyte T-helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation into mature CD4+ T cells that mediate immunity tocombat exogenmicroorganism involving plasmodium falciparum (pf). The objective of the study is to investigate if children with low or absence of GATA3 expression will be more vulnerable to pf infection and malaria.

Methods: This study has received an institutional ethical approval.Preliminary study carried out on cell lysates of peripheral white blood cells isolated from blood samples used for pf counts in Benin Zonal hospital of Calavi/So-Ava diagnosis laboratory involving eighteen children (5-9 years) admitted for fever associated or not to malaria. Immunoblotting (western blot) technic was used to evaluate GATA3 expression in all samples.The presence of pf was determined with microscopic observation of blood thick smears stained with Giemsa.

Results: Among the eighteen samples, normal expression of GATA3 was observed in ten, low expression in six while no expression was observed in two samples. Overall, seven samples were positive for pf counts ranging from 350-1500 per mm3 of red blood cells. Infection with pf was not observed in eleven samples.

Conclusion: Immune system of children with low GATA3 and high level of pf count will be more vulnerable to infection. Thus, the absence of GATA3 transcription factor could influence the outcome of malaria disease and render children too weak to fight pf infection.The absence of GATA3 may also render them vulnerable to develop allergy or lymphoma in the future.
Zastosowanie tradycyjnych i nowoczesnych metod w doskonaleniu materiałów hodowlanych buraka cukrowego (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Cichorz Sandra , Malicka Małgorzata , Kużdowicz Kamilla , Skibowska Barbara , Gośka Maria
Published: January 2020

W niniejszym doniesieniu zostały zaprezentowane najważniejsze osiągnięcia w zakresie zagadnień badawczych realizowanych w Pracowni Cytogenetyki i Metodyki Hodowli, Zakładu Genetyki i Hodowli Roślin Korzeniowych Oddziału IHAR-PIB w Bydgoszczy. Obejmują one: produkcję podwojonych haploidów, ochronę zasobów genowych, ocenę i selekcję genotypów odpornych na grzyb Cercospora beticola Sacc. oraz identyfikację genotypów w kierunku tolerancji na stres suszy w materiałach hodowlanych buraka cukrowego (Beta vulgaris L.).
Znaczniki typów odporności pszenicy na Puccinia triticina
Authors: Werecki Przemysław , Dmochowska-Boguta Marta , Nadolska-Orczyk Anna , Orczyk Wacław
Published: January 2020

Celem pracy było wskazanie różnic pomiędzy odpornością rasowo-specyficzną i rasowo-niespecyficzną, by ocena odporności polowej badanej linii hodowlanej mogła być uzupełniona o dane wskazujące na typ odporności. Materiałem do badań była pszenica podatna odmiany Thatcher (Tc) oraz 5 linii izogenicznych z genami warunkującymi określony, znany typ odporności. Oceniano typy infekcji w siewkach i roślinach dorosłych. Na podstawie obserwowanych różnic można dokonać wstępnej selekcji roślin z odpornością rasowo-niespecyficzną typu APR.
Potencjał odżywczy i bioaktywny odmian owsa zwyczajnego
Authors: Gołębiewski Damian , Boros Danuta , Gołębiewska Kinga , Fraś Anna
Published: January 2020

Badania miały na celu charakterystykę składu chemicznego ziarna oplewionego i obłuszczonego, a także ocenę wpływu warunków uprawy na cechy fizykochemiczne odmian owsa zwyczajnego. Materiałem badawczym było ziarno oplewione i obłuszczone 22 odmian owsa, a także 3 odmian form nagich, z kolekcji HR Strzelce. W materiale oznaczono udział plewki, składniki mineralne, białko, lipidy ogółem, oligocukry, kaloryczność, skrobię strawną, nieskrobiowe polisacharydy z podziałem na frakcję rozpuszczalną i nierozpuszczalną, β-glukan oraz ligninę Klasona.
Formation process of sub-micrometer-sized metasomatic platinum-group element-bearing sulfides in a Tahitian harzburgite xenolith
Authors: Akizawa Norikatsu , Kogiso Tetsu , Miyake Akira , Tsuchiyama Akira , Igami Yohei , Uesugi Masayuki
Published: January 2020

Base-metal sulfides (BMSs) are minerals that host platinum-group elements (PGE) in mantle peridotites and significantly control the bulk PGE content. They have been investigated in detail down to the sub-micrometer scale to elucidate PGE behavior in the Earth's interior. Base-metal sulfides are supposedly subjected to supergene and seawater weathering, leading to the redistribution of PGEs at low temperatures. Careful and thorough measurements of BMSs are thus required to elucidate PGE behavior in the Earth's interior.

In the present study, a sub-micrometer-sized PGE-bearing sulfide inclusion in a clinopyroxene crystal in a harzburgite xenolith from Tahiti (Society Islands, French Polynesia) was investigated in detail (down to the sub-micrometer scale) using transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The sulfide inclusion is of carbonatitic metasomatic origin, as it is enveloped by carbonaceous glass, and forms a planar inclusion array with other PGE-bearing sulfide inclusions. The following sulfide phases were identified using TEM-EDS: Fe- and Ni-rich monosulfide solid solutions (MSSs), Fe- and Ni-rich pentlandite, sugakiite, heazlewoodite, chalcopyrite, and Cu-Ir-Pt-Rh-thiospinel (cuproiridsite–malanite–cuprorhodsite). We established the formation process of the metasomatic PGE-bearing sulfide inclusion by considering morphological and mineral characteristics in addition to the chemical composition. A primary MSS first crystallized from metasomatic sulfide melt at ca. 1000 °C, followed by the crystallization of an intermediate solid solution (ISS) below 900 °C. A high-form (high-temperature origin) Fe-rich pentlandite simultaneously crystallized with the primary MSS below ca. 850 °C and recrystallized into a low-form (low-temperature origin) Fe-rich pentlandite below ca. 600 °C. The primary MSS decomposed to Fe- and Ni-rich MSSs, low-form Ni-rich pentlandite, sugakiite, and heazlewoodite. The ISS decomposed to chalcopyrite below ca. 600 °C. Meanwhile, a Cu-Ir-Pt-Rh-thiospinel crystallized directly from the evolved Cu-rich sulfide melt below ca. 760 °C. Thus, Ir, Pt, and Rh preferentially partitioned into the melt phase during the crystallization process of the metasomatic sulfide melt. Metasomatic sulfide melts could be a significant medium for the transport and condensation of Pt together with Ir and Rh during the fractionation process in the Earth's interior. We hypothesize that the compositional variability of PGEs in carbonatites is due to the separation of sulfide melt leading to the loss of PGEs in the carbonatitic melts.
Lumsdenite, NaCa3Mg2(As3+V4+2V5+10As5+6O51)·45H2O, a new polyoxometalate mineral from the Packrat mine, Mesa County, Colorado, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Hughes John M. , Nash Barbara P. , Marty Joe , Rose Timothy P.
Published: January 2020

Lumsdenite (IMA 2018–092), ideally NaCa3Mg2(As3+V4+2V5+10As5+6O51)·45H2O, is a rare new polyoxometalate mineral from the Packrat mine, Gateway district, Mesa County, Colorado, USA. Crystals of lumsdenite occur as blades up to 0.2 mm in length, commonly growing in sprays. The crystals are dark green blue, with a green-blue streak. The mineral occurs on asphaltum, associated with montroseite- and corvusite-bearing sandstone. Other secondary minerals found in close association with lumsdenite are gypsum, huemulite, rösslerite, and at least two other potentially new minerals. Lumsdenite is optically biaxial (–), with α 1.617(2), β 1.651(5), and γ 1.675(5) in white light. The pleochroism scheme for lumsdenite is X = greenish yellow, Y = dark greenish blue, Z = greenish blue; X << Z < Y. The mineral is triclinic, , with a 10.3490(5), b 17.6263(9), c 23.2556(16) Å, α 82.208(6), β 88.351(6), γ 81.702(6)°, V 4158.8(4) Å3, and Z = 2. The strongest four powder diffraction lines for lumsdenite are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: , 14.86(80)(011), 17.30(44)(010), and 10.22(32)(100). The atomic arrangement of lumsdenite contains the novel polyoxometalate heteropolyanion [As3+V4+,5+12As5+6O51] structural unit in lumsdenite, [As3+V4+25+10As5+6O51]11−, which has previously been found in four other minerals from the Packrat mine. The charge of the structural unit is balanced by the charge of the [NaCa3Mg2(H2O)31·14H2O]11+ interstitial complex. The name lumsdenite is for the location of the mine at the head of Lumsden Canyon.
The dynamics of pain reappraisal: the joint contribution of cognitive change and mental load
Authors: Adamczyk Agnieszka K. , Ligeza Tomasz S. , Wyczesany Miroslaw
Published: January 2020

This study was designed to investigate the neural mechanism of cognitive modulation of pain via a reappraisal strategy with high temporal resolution. The EEG signal was recorded from 29 participants who were instructed to down-regulate, up-regulate, or maintain their pain experience. The L2 minimum norm source reconstruction method was used to localize areas in which a significant effect of the instruction was present. Down-regulating pain by reappraisal exerted a robust effect on pain processing from as early as ~100 ms that diminished the activity of limbic brain regions: the anterior cingulate cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex, left anterior temporal region, and left insula. However, compared with the no-regulation condition, the neural activity was similarly attenuated in the up- and down-regulation conditions. We suggest that this effect could be ascribed to the cognitive load that was associated with the execution of a cognitively demanding reappraisal task that could have produced a general attenuation of pain-related areas regardless of the aim of the reappraisal task (i.e., up- or down-regulation attempts). These findings indicate that reappraisal effects reflect the joint influence of both reappraisal-specific (cognitive change) and unspecific (cognitive demand) factors, thus pointing to the importance of cautiously selected control conditions that allow the modulating impact of both processes to be distinguished.
Jack London
Authors: Brandt Kenneth K.
Published: January 2020

Recounting his 1897-98 Klondike Gold Rush experience Jack London stated: “It was in the Klondike I found myself. There nobody talks. Everybody thinks. There you get your perspective. I got mine.” This study explores how London’s Northland odyssey - along with an insatiable intellectual curiosity, a hardscrabble youth in the San Francisco Bay Area, and an acute craving for social justice - launched the literary career of one of America’s most dynamic 20th-century writers. The major Northland works - including The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and “To Build a Fire”- are considered in connection with the motifs of literary Naturalism, as well as in relation to complicated issues involving imperialism, race, and gender. London’s key subjects—the frontier, the struggle for survival, and economic mobility—are examined in conjunction with how he developed the underlying themes of his work to engage and challenge the social, political, and philosophical revolutions of his era that were initiated by Darwin, Marx, Nietzsche, and others.
Do Docks Make Trade?: The Case of the Port of Great Grimsby
Authors: Jackson Gordon
Published: January 2020

This section of the journal is comprised of essays exploring the development of the port, the impact of British shipping abroad, as both a globally significant mode of transport and as a force for change within the business realm, and the rise and decline of shipbuilding industries throughout Britain, paying particular attention to Ulster and Northern Ireland, and the post-World War II period. Contributions come from Gordon Jackson; J. Forbes Munro; Robert G. Greenhill; Andrew Armitage; and Tony Slaven.
Alfred Jones: Integration and Adversity in Liverpool
Authors: Jarvis Adrian
Published: January 2020

Alfred Jones was not a man who showed excessive human kindness towards his competitors, and this paper is certainly not an attempt to whitewash his character. Those who desire a eulogy are referred to the 220 column inches of his obituary in the Liverpool Courier...
The Harriman-Hamburg-Amerícan Line Agreement of June 1920: The Foremost German Shipping Company's Return to the Seas
Authors: Scholl Lars U.
Published: January 2020

In his highly-praised and enthusiastically-welcomed book The Trade Makers,1 Peter Davies cast his eyes over the German lines engaged in the West African trade and observed that they “had made very good progress in the early years after the war.”2 Considering the fact that following the Treaty of Versailles the German mercantile marine had, in the words of John Maynard Keynes, been “swept from the seas,”...
Finnish and International Maritime Labour in the Age of Sail: Was There a Market?
Authors: Kaukiainen Yrjö
Published: January 2020

Yrjo Kaukiainen considers Finland’s history of interconnected local maritime labour markets, but also struggles to quantify their ‘efficiency’ after also taking issue with the ambiguous phrase.
Vivre Ici
Authors: Murray Levine Alison J.
Published: January 2020

Vivre Ici analyzes a selection of films from the vast viewing landscape of contemporary French documentary film, a genre that has experienced a renaissance in the past twenty years. The films are connected not just by a general interest in engaging the “real,” but by a particular attention to French space and place. From farms and wild places to roads, schools, and urban edgelands, these films explore the spaces of the everyday and the human and non-human experiences that unfold within them. Through a critical approach that integrates phenomenology, film theory, eco-criticism and cultural history, Levine investigates the notion of documentary as experience. She asks how and why, in the contemporary media landscape, these films seek to avoid argumentation and instead, give the viewer a feeling of “being there.” As a diverse collection of filmmakers, both well-known and less so, explore the limits and possibilities of these places, a collage-like, incomplete, and fragmented vision of France as seen and felt through documentary cameras comes into view. Venturing beyond film analysis to examine the production climate for these films and their circulation in contemporary France, Levine explores the social and political consequences of these “films that matter” for the viewers who come into contact with them.
Renaissance?
Authors: Murray Levine Alison J.
Published: January 2020

The first part of this chapter presents a roughly chronological overview of the creative ecosystem within which the films discussed in the book emerged and continue to circulate. It begins with defining developments in French documentary production in the late 1980s and early 1990s and ends with debates about public funding for documentary in 2015-16. The second part of the chapter outlines some esthetic assumptions about documentary form and quality that circulate within this ecosystem. It devotes particular attention to the existence in the French media landscape of a prestige genre of documentary, the documentaire de création, and to a definition of this term as it is currently used in France. It is the survival of this kind of documentary, recognized both for its cultural importance and economic fragility, that is of particular concern in contemporary debates about the future of the production landscape in France. Most of the films discussed in later chapters belong to this loose category. The chapter connects the assumptions about documentary form and audiences that underpin it, to the experiential tendencies in the films discussed in later chapters.
Road
Authors: Murray Levine Alison J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers three films by French documentary auteurs who late in their careers, chose to make road movies of sorts: Chris Marker’s Chats perchés/The Case of the Grinning Cat (2004); Agnès Varda’s Les Plages d’Agnès/The Beaches of Agnes (2008); and Claudine Nougaret and Raymond Depardon’s Journal de France (2012). It suggests that all three films share an experiential impulse, understood as an invitation to experience space in a mobile, exploratory mode, and the potential to unsettle, de-center, and displace the viewer. Instead of fulfilling the conventional authoritative role of documentary commentary that describes or explains, the narrative instance provides instead a multiple, fragmentary, and unstable narrative center, which comes into being through incomplete journeys with uncertain destinations.
Farm
Authors: Murray Levine Alison J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter analyzes films by several filmmakers interested in life on family farms. The films included are Raymond Depardon’s trilogy, Profils paysans (2001/2005/2008); Les Terriens, a 2000 film by Ariane Doublet, and Les Fils de la terre (2011) a television documentary by Edouard Bergeon. All three films include portraits of farmers in which rural spaces appear as locally specific places in which multisensory experience, rather than linear argumentation, can unfold. They summon the viewer into the space of the farm, to “feel” his or her way through the experience, often with unsettling effects. These documentaries reduce the distance between rural and urban spaces, urging viewers to press up close to rural experience, to feel both its pleasures and its dangers, and to consider their position alongside the farmers within a contiguous socio-historical space and a web of interconnected interests. The last section of the chapter addresses the historical evidence for reception of these films in the context of the disappearing family farm in contemporary France, increased interest in farming and food production among urban consumers, and the reversal of the rural exodus in France
Scotch-Irish Identity and Attitudes to Home Rule
Authors: Flewelling Lindsey
Published: January 2020

This chapter surveys the immigration and identity formation of the Scotch-Irish in America during the nineteenth century. Two ethnic organizations, the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Loyal Orange Institution of the United States, are analysed as windows to Scotch-Irish ties back to Ireland the involvement in the unionist cause. The chapter explores the ways in which the Scotch-Irish responded to Irish-American calls for Home Rule and independence, attempted to support the unionists, and remained connected to Ireland. The Scotch-Irish were influenced by and remained interested in conditions in Ireland. In addition, the Ulster Scots themselves were affected by the actions and legacy of the Scotch-Irish. They used Scotch-Irish ethnic heritage to help form their own “Ulsterman” identity, which was in turn utilized to unify the unionist movement.
‘Sons of Belial’
Authors: Hall Lesley A.
Published: January 2020

Lesley A. Hall examines the fear of the sexualised male body as a vector for diseases capable of disrupting both familial and social dynamics. While academic research has tended to focus on the potential for damage caused by the sexually diseased female body, Hall redresses the balance by considering the pariah status attributed to those, such as soldiers and sailors, considered to be over-sexed or lacking in self-control. But the prejudice was extended to those men in general society either afflicted by syphilis or gonorrhoea or regarded as threatening through their moral laxity the reproductive healthiness of family life. Hall shows how this threat became increasingly public in wider culture during the last decades of the nineteenth century, bringing about both general condemnation and legislative amendment. Reinforcing such anxieties about wayward male concupiscence was an equally virulent condemnation of masturbation as consciously self-harming. Hall asserts that masturbation was considered more than a personal vice, being viewed as potentially contaminative – seminal loss producing not just a range of frightful pathologies for the individual but a transmission of harmful agents to others.
Henry Smeathman, the Flycatcher
Authors: Coleman Deirdre
Published: January 2020

In 1771 Joseph Banks, John Fothergill and other wealthy collectors sent a talented, self-taught naturalist to Sierra Leone to collect all things rare and curious, from moths to monkeys. The name of this collector was Henry Smeathman, an ingenious and enterprising Yorkshireman keen on improving his position in the world. His expedition to the West African coast, which coincided with a steep rise in British slave trading in this area, lasted four years during which time he built a house on the Banana Islands, married several times into the coast’s ruling dynasties, and managed to negotiate the tricky life of a ‘stranger’ bound to landlords and local customs. In this book, which draws on a rich and little-known archive of journals and letters, Coleman retraces Smeathman’s life and his attitudes to slavery, both African and European, as he shuttled between his home on the Bananas and two key Liverpool trading forts—Bunce Island and the Isles de Los. In the logistical challenges of tropical collecting and the dispatch of specimens across the middle passage we see the close connection forged in this period between science, collecting, and slavery. The book also reproduces and discusses Smeathman’s essay describing his journey on a fully slaved ship from West Africa to Barbados, a unique account because it is written by a passenger unconnected to the slave trade. After four years in the West Indies observing plantation slavery Smeathman returned to England to write his ‘Voyages and Travels’.
Housekeeping
Authors: Coleman Deirdre
Published: January 2020

Linnaeus considered prudent domestic management an essential part of natural history business. This chapter documents Smeathman’s survival tips for the tropics, including ‘going native’ and adhering to a native diet. But despite this, and his strategy of marrying in several times to the local trading dynasties, he failed to thrive domestically. Frustrated at being obliged to engage with local labour on African terms, and complaining constantly of the obstacles impeding his fieldwork, his achievements were nevertheless deeply indebted to local people. From his letters we see how his collecting activities were regarded, especially by the women in his household who mocked him and refused to obey his orders. At home, Drury convinces the Duchess of Portland to subscribe £100 to Smeathman’s expedition.
Antislavery
Authors: Coleman Deirdre
Published: January 2020

Smeathman arrives in the West Indies mid-1775, just as the American revolution begins. He makes numerous comparisons between tropical nature in its ‘rude’ (African) state and its ‘cultivated’ (West Indian) version, He also observes the various societies of the different islands and, appalled by the cruelty of plantation slavery, starts to reconsider Quaker Fothergill’s plans for ‘legitimate’ African commerce. The flogging of slaves in public places shocks him into sketching two of these scenes, one of which is particularly chilling because it is conducted by a white woman. Smeathman decides to return to England and compile his ‘Voyages and Travels’, a book which would reveal the truth about ‘those little known and much misrepresented people the Negroes’.
Introduction
Authors: Silva Daniel F.
Published: January 2020

This introduction briefly discuss the theoretical debates into which I insert the current project, namely those within the realms of Decolonial and Postcolonial Studies with implications for interrelated branches of critical theory such as Queer Theory, Critical Race Theory, Psychoanalysis, and Deconstruction. In doing so, the introduction foregrounds the theoretical concerns raised by each text analysed, as well as the significance of these for study of Lusophone and postcolonial literatures, and beyond. By virtue of this reflection, the introduction also serves to lay out the theoretical groundwork that will inform the project.
Mário de Andrade’s Antropofagia and Macunaíma as Anti-Imperial Scene of Writing
Authors: Silva Daniel F.
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Mário’s own deployment of the cannibal allegory his novel, Macunaíma (1928), and then by offering a rereading of the relationship between a particular chapter of the novel, titled ‘Carta pras Icamiabas’ [‘Letter to the Icamiabas’] and the novel as a whole. This particular part of the novel stands out from the rest for a variety of reasons. Firstly, its prose, utilizing a Renaissance European register of written Portuguese, is markedly different from the rest of the novel’s use of a strategically colloquial speech – one that supposedly reflected the everyday speech of Brazilian non-elites. Equally relevant is the fact that it is the only part of the novel narrated by Macunaíma. The letter comes after he reaches São Paulo following his journey from the Amazon to the industrialized mega-city, and is addressed to the all-woman tribe, Icamiabas, detailing what he finds in São Paulo.
Locating Guyane
Authors: Wood Sarah , MacLeod Catriona
Published: January 2020

Overseas department of France in Amazonia and ‘ultraperipheral region’ of the EU, Guyane (French Guiana) is at the juncture of Europe, the Caribbean and South America. This collection of essays explores historical and conceptual locations of Guyane, as a relational space characterised by dynamics of interaction and conflict between the local, the national and the global. Does Guyane have, or has it had, its own place in the world, or is it a borderland which can only make sense in relation to elsewhere: to France and its colonial history, for example, or to African and other diasporas, or as a ‘margin’ of Europe?
This edited collection will be the first volume to study Guyane from multiple historical and contemporary perspectives. It subjects the enduring clichés and negative stereotypes regarding Guyane to critical examination. It addresses how and why discourse on this DOM has come to be characterised by paradoxes and lacunae, and suggests ways in which this can be redressed. Chapters explore geographical, literary and cultural ‘locations’ of Guyane, past and present. They challenge its relegation to the ‘periphery’, whilst also historicising the production of its marginal status.  Finally, the collection aims to outline possible future directions for research on Guyane.
The Oldest Daughter of Overseas France
Authors: Price Richard
Published: January 2020

This chapter constitutes a summative perspective on contemporary Guyane. It opens with a birds-eye view of the place in all its diversity. Beginning with its ongoing population explosion, it moves on to consider its multilingualism and multi-ethnicity, before contrasting Guyane to its tamer sister-neocolonies of Martinique and Guadeloupe. Following this, it quotes and offers pithy commentary on passages from various visitors to Guyane during the past hundred years or so, all of whom comment on its particular colonial flavour. Léon-Gontran Damas posited that bureaucrats were nowhere so dominant as here, and the chapter asserts that Guyane remains a highly segregated and highly stratified society, in terms of class, of ethnic communities, and at least until recently, of urban planning.
The study begins in Cayenne before leading on to a tour of the artificial city of Kourou and its space centre, then undertaking a visit to St. Laurent-du-Maroni, once home to the penal colony and now the largest Maroon city in the world. It ends with an overview of the territory far up the Maroni where Aluku Maroon society has been recently overwhelmed by a combination of francisation and illegal goldmining by Brazilians and Alukus.
Introduction New York as an Iberian City
Authors: Galasso Regina
Published: January 2020

The introduction offers an overview of the critical tendencies surrounding Iberian literatures and their relationship with New York City, and situates this book within Iberian literary studies as well as within Translation Studies. Additionally, the introduction presents the theoretical influences and conceptual framework of the book which emphasize the role of translation in travel and the city not only as a physical site but also as an audible one.
Difference-Conscious Critical Media Engagement and the Communitarian Question
Authors: Fredette Jennifer
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the critical media engagement of an activist and author (Rokhaya Diallo) and an organization (the Collectif contre l’islamophobie en France [Collective Against Islamophobia in France]) that describe their work as oriented toward the cause of equality in France. Their interventions in traditional and New Media challenge stereotypes and draw attention to racial and religious discrimination. This kind of discourse about the lived experiences of racial and religious minorities in France, however, opens them up to criticism from those who believe that the French model of equality demands difference-blindness and the rejection of identity politics. The chapter suggests, however, that critical media engagement by post-migratory postcolonial minorities (PMPM) is a product of experiences and values born in France, and that while it may sometimes draw on movements and strategies used by equality activists in the United States, it remains a thoroughly French affair. Rather than a rejection of France, PMPM critical media engagement should be read as yet another chapter in the ongoing negotiation and articulation of what it means to be French.
Un cinéma sans image: Palimpsestic Memory and the Lost History of Cambodian Film
Authors: Barnes Leslie
Published: January 2020

Davy Chou’s Le Sommeil d’or (2011) is the first attempt to recount the forgotten history of the Cambodian film industry, a rich and storied archive that all but disappeared with the Khmer Rouge victory in 1975. To make the film, Chou returned to a homeland that is not fully his to capture the memories of a handful of people with whom he shares neither language nor experience. The result, I will suggest, is a work of palimpsestic memory that layers space and time in an attempt to conjure the traces of this lost cultural heritage. Notably however, Chou uses almost none of the surviving footage from the period in his film. This decision, perhaps unusual given the filmmaker’s objective to make the past visible, encourages us to interrogate the ubiquity of the image in relation to the work of memory. Further, having never ‘left’ the homeland on which he now trains his camera, Chou crafts a film that simultaneously privileges and problematizes the idea of return, offering a post-migratory imagining of the second generation’s relationship to the notions of place and belonging, culture and heritage.
Moving Beyond the Legacies of War in Second-Generation Harki Narratives
Authors: Ireland Susan
Published: January 2020

Despite the proliferation of memory works related to the Algerian war of independence, remembrance of the conflict has resulted, for the most part, in the coexistence of parallel, often conflicting narratives of specific constituencies such as the harkis, the pieds-noirs, and French conscripts. This chapter examines the corpus of memory works portraying the harkis, many of which were written by the sons and daughters of harkis who grew up or were born in France. In particular, it focuses on the small but growing number of texts which privilege the depiction of interactions between the different memory carriers and their descendants. Through their interweaving of intersecting stories and overlapping trajectories, these narratives give voice to a desire to move beyond the transmission of positions determined during the war and, as such, move a step closer to creating the shared memories advocated by historian Benjamin Stora.
‘Double discours’: Critiques of Racism and Islamophobia in French Rap
Authors: Bretillon Chong J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter offers a racial reading of French Muslim identities in contemporary French culture by exploring the representation of anti-Muslim discrimination in rap music by professed Muslim rappers of both white, ‘native-born’ French and ‘minority’ African/North African backgrounds. An analysis of songs limited to the past ten years demonstrates the crescendo in rhetoric about Muslims that emphasizes their purported racial difference from majority France, a departure from a model based on immigrant difference. I then demonstrate how white rappers, converts to Islam, disrupt the common view of Islam as foreign, and ultimately show that rappers consider Islam as more open and universalist than French identity itself.
Somebody or Anybody? Hip-Hop Choreography and the Cultural Economy
Authors: McCarren Felicia
Published: January 2020

Kader Attou’s 2013 hip hop choreography The Roots provides a working context and playing field for a new generation. While hip hop continues to evoke racial, ethnic, or cultural difference in France, as urban concert dance it has allowed dancers of diversity to become ‘somebody’: as professionals working at a National Choreographic Center, their performances enact their integration via dance. But if the dancers are ‘somebody,’ it is because choreography’s figural language allows them to be anybody—to become artists unmarked by their origin, moving through their bodies beyond the ethnic or class labels to a space of self-expression and self-creation. The recognizable hip hop moves anchor the choreography in the language of the banlieues, but the gestures and emotions and abstract narrative stage difference on a stage that is graced with talent, an audience, and institutional support.
Identity and ‘Difference’ in French Art: El Seed’s Calligraffiti from Street to Web
Authors: Shilton Siobhán
Published: January 2020

The attempts to ban the burkini on numerous beaches in the summer of 2016 highlight the extent of fears of visual signifiers of Arabo-Muslim ‘difference’ in public spaces in France. Given these anxieties, the positive reception of El Seed’s ‘calligraffiti’ – combining graffiti and Arabic calligraphy – in Paris might seem surprising. Focusing on El Seed’s work, this chapter asks how art can encourage dialogue and tolerance between cultures and communities in local – particularly Parisian – contexts and in a globalised frame. How does El Seed bring Arabic writing, a visual signifier of ‘difference’, into the public spaces of the French capital? How does he use public sites within and beyond France? How does the digital online presence of his multi-sited ephemeral work signal new means of evoking cultural identity and of interpolating diversely located spectators?