bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H2O2‐Activatable Liposomal Nanobomb Capable of Generating Hypoxia‐Irrelevant Alkyl Radicals by Photo‐Triggered Cascade Reaction for High‐Performance Elimination of Biofilm Bacteria
Authors: Yang Ke , Wang Li , Chen Jinyi , Wang Zefeng , Li Junqin , Chen Xi , Fu Shuting , Hai Luo , Deng Le , He Dinggeng
Published: August 2024

High H2O2 levels are widely present at the infection sites or in the biofilm microenvironment. Herein, hemin with peroxidase‐like catalytic activity and its substrate, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), are simultaneously introduced into a liposomal nanoparticle containing thermosensitive 2,2′‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIBI)‐loaded bovine serum albumin (BAG), rationally constructing an H2O2‐activatable liposomal nanobomb (Lipo@BHA) for combating biofilm‐associated bacterial infections with high performance. In the presence of H2O2, hemin can catalyze the conversion of ABTS into its oxidized form (ABTS·+) with strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption, which produces photonic hyperpyrexia to cause the decomposition of AIBI into oxygen‐independent alkyl radicals (·R) and nitrogen (N2) microbubbles. The former not only directly damage bacterial cells but also significantly accelerates the oxidization of ABTS to ABTS·+ for augmenting photothermal‐triggered generation of ·R. Interestingly, the released N2 can induce transient cavitation to rupture lysosomal nanoparticle and improve the biofilm permeability, thereby enhancing the antibiofilm effect of Lipo@BHA. The proposed Lipo@BHA exhibits satisfactory multi‐mode combination antibacterial properties. Through endogenous H2O2‐activated cascade reaction, Lipo@BHA achieves remarkable hypoxia‐irrelevant ·R therapy of biofilm‐associated wound infections with low cytotoxicity and good in vivo biosafety. Therefore, this work presents a versatile H2O2‐activatable cascade ·R generation strategy for biofilm‐specific therapeutic applications.
From Cell to Gene: Deciphering the Mechanism of Heart Failure With Single‐Cell Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wen Qiang , Zhang Rui , Kou Kun , Lin Miao , Zhang Shiyu , Yang Jun , Shi Hangchuan , Yang Yan , Tan Xiaoqiu , Yin Shigang , Ou Xianhong
Published: August 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Due to the intricate structure of the heart, diverse cell types, and the complex pathogenesis of HF, further in‐depth investigation into the underlying mechanisms  is required. The elucidation of the heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes and the intercellular communication network is particularly important. Traditional high‐throughput sequencing methods provide an average measure of gene expression, failing to capture the “heterogeneity” between cells and impacting the accuracy of gene function knowledge. In contrast, single‐cell sequencing techniques allow for the amplification of the entire genome or transcriptome at the individual cell level, facilitating the examination of gene structure and expression with unparalleled precision. This approach offers valuable insights into disease mechanisms, enabling the identification of changes in cellular components and gene expressions during hypertrophy associated with HF. Moreover, it reveals distinct cell populations and their unique roles in the HF microenvironment, providing a comprehensive understanding of the cellular landscape that underpins HF pathogenesis. This review focuses on the insights provided by single‐cell sequencing techniques into the mechanisms underlying HF and discusses the challenges encountered in current cardiovascular research.
Heterogeneous Structure of Ni–Mo Nanoalloys Decorated on MoOx for an Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Using Hydrogen Spillover
Authors: Song DongHoon , Roh Jeonghan , Choi Jungwoo , Lee Hyein , Koh Gyungmo , Kwon YongKeun , Kim HyoWon , Lee Hyuck Mo , Kim MinJoong , Cho EunAe
Published: August 2024

Herein, a heterogeneous structure of Ni–Mo catalyst comprising Ni4Mo nanoalloys decorated on a MoOx matrix via electrodeposition is introduced. This catalyst exhibits remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity across a range of pH conditions. The heterogeneous Ni–Mo catalyst showed low overpotentials only of 24 and 86, 21 and 60, and 37 and 168 mV to produce a current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 (η10 and η100) in alkaline, acidic, and neutral media, respectively, which represents one of the most active catalysts for the HER. The enhanced activity is attributed to the hydrogen spillover effect, where hydrogen atoms migrate between the Ni4Mo alloys and the MoOx matrix, forming hydrogen molybdenum bronze as additional active sites. Additionally, the Ni4Mo facilitated the water dissociation process, which helps the Volmer step in the alkaline/neutral HER. Through electrochemical analysis, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, the fast HER mechanism is elucidated.
The Hemagglutinin of Influenza A Virus Induces Ferroptosis to Facilitate Viral Replication
Authors: Ouyang Aotian , Chen Tong , Feng Yi , Zou Jiahui , Tu Shaoyu , Jiang Meijun , Sun Huimin , Zhou Hongbo
Published: August 2024

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death caused by the accumulation of lipid peroxides in an iron‐dependent manner. However, the precise mechanism underlying the exploitation of ferroptosis by influenza A viruses (IAV) remains unclear. The results demonstrate that IAV promotes its own replication through ferritinophagy by sensitizing cells to ferroptosis, with hemagglutinin identified as a key trigger in this process. Hemagglutinin interacts with autophagic receptors nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and tax1‐binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1), facilitating the formation of ferritin‐NCOA4 condensates and inducing ferritinophagy. Further investigation shows that hemagglutinin‐induced ferritinophagy causes cellular lipid peroxidation, inhibits aggregation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), and suppresses the type I interferon response, thereby contributing to viral replication. Collectively, a novel mechanism by which IAV hemagglutinin induces ferritinophagy resulting in cellular lipid peroxidation, consequently impairing MAVS‐mediated antiviral immunity, is revealed.
Secondary Nucleation of Aβ Revealed by Single‐Molecule and Computational Approaches
Authors: Meyer Nathan , Arroyo Nicolas , Roustan Lois , Janot Jean‐Marc , Charles‐Achille Saly , Torrent Joan , Picaud Fabien , Balme Sébastien
Published: August 2024

Understanding the mechanisms underlying amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregation is pivotal in the context of Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to elucidate the secondary nucleation process of Aβ42 peptides by combining experimental and computational methods. Using a newly developed nanopipette‐based amyloid seeding and translocation assay, confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, the influence of the seed properties on Aβ aggregation is investigated. Both fragmented and unfragmented seeds played distinct roles in the formation of oligomers, with fragmented seeds facilitating the formation of larger aggregates early in the incubation phase. The results show that secondary nucleation leads to the formation of oligomers of various sizes and structures as well as larger fibrils structured in β‐sheets. From these findings a mechanism of secondary nucleation involving two types of aggregate populations, one released and one growing on the mother fiber is proposed.
Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer on Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx MXene for Propane (C3H8) Synthesis from Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Kim Jun Young , Hong Won Tae , Phu Thi Kim Cuong , Cho Seong Chan , Kim Byeongkyu , Baeck Unbeom , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Koh Jai Hyun , Yu Xu , Choi Chang Hyuck , Park Jongwook , Lee Sang Uck , Chung Chan‐Hwa , Kim Jung Kyu
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce value‐added multi‐carbon chemicals has been an appealing approach to achieving environmentally friendly carbon neutrality in recent years. Despite extensive research focusing on the use of CO2 to produce high‐value chemicals like high‐energy‐density hydrocarbons, there have been few reports on the production of propane (C3H8), which requires carbon chain elongation and protonation. A rationally designed 0D/2D hybrid Cu2O anchored‐Ti3C2Tx MXene catalyst (Cu2O/MXene) is demonstrated with efficient CO2RR activity in an aqueous electrolyte to produce C3H8. As a result, a significantly high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 3.3% is achieved for the synthesis of C3H8 via the CO2RR with Cu2O/MXene, which is ≈26 times higher than that of Cu/MXene prepared by the same hydrothermal process without NH4OH solution. Based on in‐situ attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is proposed that the significant electrocatalytic conversion originated from the synergistic behavior of the Cu2O nanoparticles, which bound the *C2 intermediates, and the MXene that bound the *CO coupling to the C3 intermediate. The results disclose that the rationally designed MXene‐based hybrid catalyst facilitates multi‐carbon coupling as well as protonation, thereby manipulating the CO2RR pathway.
Biodegradable Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles as Pyroptosis Inducer for High‐Efficiency Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Lin , Shi Junpeng , Wang Jinyuan , He Linping , Gao Yan , Lin Peng , Han Yutong , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun , Zhang Yun
Published: August 2024

Pyroptosis possesses potent antitumor immune activity, making pyroptosis inducer development a promising direction for tumor immunotherapy. Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are highly sensitive optical probes extensively employed in tumor diagnosis and therapy. However, a pyroptosis inducer based on PLNPs has not been reported yet. Herein, polyethylene glycol–poly lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid (PEG–PLGA: PP) modified biodegradable CaS:Eu2+ (CSE@PP) PLNPs are synthesized as a pyroptosis inducer for tumor immunotherapy for the first time. The synthesized CSE@PP possesses biowindow persistent luminescence (PersL) and pH‐responsive degradation properties, allowing it to remain stable under neutral pH but degrade when exposed to weak acid (pH < 6.5). During degradation within the tumor, CSE@PP constantly releases H2S and Ca2+ while its PersL gradually fades away. Thus, the PersL signal can self‐monitor H2S and Ca2+ release. Furthermore, the released H2S and Ca2+ result in mitochondrial dysfunction and the inactivation of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, synergistic facilitating intracellular oxidative stress, which induces caspase‐1/GSDM‐D dependent pyroptosis and subsequent antitumor immune responses. In a word, it is confirmed that CSE@PP can self‐monitor H2S and Ca2+ release and pyroptosis‐mediated tumor Immunotherapy. This work will facilitate biomedical applications of PLNPs and inspire pyroptosis‐induced tumor immunotherapy.
Engineering Shewanella oneidensis‐Carbon Felt Biohybrid Electrode Decorated with Bacterial Cellulose Aerogel‐Electropolymerized Anthraquinone to Boost Energy and Chemicals Production
Authors: Liu Qijing , Xu Wenliang , Ding Qinran , Zhang Yan , Zhang Junqi , Zhang Baocai , Yu Huan , Li Chao , Dai Longhai , Zhong Cheng , Lu Wenyu , Liu ZhanYing , Li Feng , Song Hao
Published: August 2024

Interfacial electron transfer between electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) and electrodes underlies a wide range of bio‐electrochemical systems with diverse applications. However, the electron transfer rate at the biotic‐electrode interface remains low due to high transmembrane and cell‐electrode interfacial electron transfer resistance. Herein, a modular engineering strategy is adopted to construct a Shewanella oneidensis‐carbon felt biohybrid electrode decorated with bacterial cellulose aerogel‐electropolymerized anthraquinone to boost cell‐electrode interfacial electron transfer. First, a heterologous riboflavin synthesis and secretion pathway is constructed to increase flavin‐mediated transmembrane electron transfer. Second, outer membrane c‐Cyts OmcF is screened and optimized via protein engineering strategy to accelerate contacted‐based transmembrane electron transfer. Third, a S. oneidensis‐carbon felt biohybrid electrode decorated with bacterial cellulose aerogel and electropolymerized anthraquinone is constructed to boost the interfacial electron transfer. As a result, the internal resistance decreased to 42 Ω, 480.8‐fold lower than that of the wild‐type (WT) S. oneidensis MR‐1. The maximum power density reached 4286.6 ± 202.1 mW m−2, 72.8‐fold higher than that of WT. Lastly, the engineered biohybrid electrode exhibited superior abilities for bioelectricity harvest, Cr6+ reduction, and CO2 reduction. This study showed that enhancing transmembrane and cell‐electrode interfacial electron transfer is a promising way to increase the extracellular electron transfer of EAMs.
Molecular Design Motifs of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for Mitigating All Inherent Non‐Ideal Energy Losses in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kwon Hyun Min , Barma Sunil V. , Zuo Lijian , Lin Francis R. , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Jo Sae Byeok , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: August 2024

Non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have demonstrated a great potential for the transcendence of performance limits in organic photovoltaics. Despite the tremendous efforts, however, synthetic control of non‐ideal recombination losses on the photovoltage are still elusive and thus lag far behind the inorganic counterparts. Here, a rational design strategy of non‐fullerene acceptors is presented to overcome the limitations derived from the inherent excited state properties of organic molecules. Spectroscopic studies on a series of chemical analogs of ladder‐type fused acceptors reveal that the radiative efficiency of non‐fullerene acceptors is predominantly determined by the inherently strong electron‐vibration coupling of their bound excited states, rather than the redistribution of molecular orbitals itself. In this sense, regardless of intramolecular charge transfer characteristics, the incorporation of rigid, and planar moiety with wide π plane is found to promote the dominance of long‐lived and weakly‐bound excited states in the photophysical process, in which the mitigated non‐radiative decays of NFAs can be directly translated into that of charge‐transfer states. Furthermore, the incorporation of such chemical moiety can minimize the evolution of subgap broadening in the bulk heterojunction blends, lowering the contribution of non‐ideal radiative losses. As a result, the model systems demonstrate the non‐radiative loss down to 180–190 meV, without sacrificing photocurrent generations, reaching that of inorganic counterparts.
Promoting the social in psychosocial recovery: Interviews with Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme participants
Authors: Roberts Joy , Stewart Victoria , Slattery Maddy
Published: August 2024

Social connection is a central element in mental health recovery and has been found to have a significant impact on the health and well‐being of individuals. This study examines the experiences of social connectedness for people accessing NDIS support for psychosocial disability. Interviews were conducted with eight NDIS participants. The study's findings suggest that people with psychosocial disabilities experience limited social connections and small social worlds. While NDIS support relationships were seen as important facilitators in increasing social engagement, these relationships may also limit opportunities for participants to extend their social connections beyond these professional support contacts. The impacts of participants' illnesses were identified as major barriers to establishing social connections and further research is needed to identify effective interventions that reduce social isolation in this population. This study highlights the role the NDIS can play in supporting social connection and inclusion for participants. Further consideration regarding the role of NDIS support relationships and NDIS‐funded interventions in supporting the social connectedness of participants is needed.
Modulating the Leverage Relationship in Nitrogen Fixation Through Hydrogen‐Bond‐Regulated Proton Transfer
Authors: Zhang Shaoce , Hong Hu , Zhang Rong , Wei Zhiquan , Wang Yiqiao , Chen Dong , Li Chuan , Li Pei , Cui Huilin , Hou Yue , Wang Shengnan , Ho Johnny C. , Guo Ying , Huang Zhaodong , Zhi Chunyi
Published: August 2024

In the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), a leverage relationship exists between NH3‐producing activity and selectivity because of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which means that high activity with strong protons adsorption causes low product selectivity. Herein, we design a novel metal‐organic hydrogen bonding framework (MOHBF) material to modulate this leverage relationship by a hydrogen‐bond‐regulated proton transfer pathway. The MOHBF material was composited with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form a Ni‐N2O2 molecular catalyst (Ni‐N2O2/rGO). The unique structure of O atoms in Ni‐O‐C and N‐O‐H could form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules to interfere with protons being directly adsorbed onto Ni active sites, thus regulating the proton transfer mechanism and slowing the HER kinetics, thereby modulating the leverage relationship. Moreover, this catalyst has abundant Ni‐single‐atom sites enriched with Ni‐N/O coordination, conducive to the adsorption and activation of N2. The Ni‐N2O2/rGO exhibits simultaneously enhanced activity and selectivity of NH3 production with a maximum NH3 yield rate of 209.7 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 45.7 %, outperforming other reported single‐atom NRR catalysts.
Organometallic Polymer Constructed by Active Fe−C12N8 Centers for Boosting Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Liang‐Yu , Ma Chao , Yang Jia‐Ning , Wang Kai‐Xue , Chen Jie‐Sheng
Published: August 2024

Organic‐metal coordination materials with rich structural diversity are considered as promising electrode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries. However, the electrochemical performance can be constrained by the limited number of active sites and structural instability under the discharge/charge process. Herein, organometallic polymer microspheres (Fe‐PDA‐220) with a unique d‐π conjugated structure was designed and successfully constructed through a simple synchronous polymerization and coordination reactions. Polymerization of phenylenediamine was initiated by Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions generated synchronously during the polymerization integrated with poly‐aminoquinone chains to form Fe−C12N8 active centers. Used as electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, the distinctive Fe−C bond significantly boosts the structural stability, and the π‐d conjugation system could facilitate electron transfer. A high reversible capacity of 345 mAh g−1 was delivered at 0.1 A g−1 and a capacity of 106 mAh g−1 was maintained even after discharged/charged at 1.0 A g−1 for 5000 cycles, outperforming most reported coordination materials. Spectroscopic and electronic analyses revealed that a two‐electron reaction occurred per active unit, accompanied by the reversible redox evolution of the C=N groups and Fe ions during the sodiation/desodiation. This work provides a promising and efficient strategy for boosting the electrochemical performance of organic electrode materials by the design of organometallic polymers.
FAM210A: An emerging regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Wang Yubo , Yue Feng
Published: August 2024

Mitochondrial homeostasis serves as a cornerstone of cellular function, orchestrating a delicate balance between energy production, redox status, and cellular signaling transduction. This equilibrium involves a myriad of interconnected processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, quality control mechanisms, and biogenesis and degradation. Perturbations in mitochondrial homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndromes, and aging‐related disorders. In the past decades, the discovery of numerous mitochondrial proteins and signaling has led to a more complete understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that Family with sequence similarity 210 member A (FAM210A) is a novel nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial protein involved in multiple aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitochondrial quality control, dynamics, cristae remodeling, metabolism, and proteostasis. Here, we review the function and physiological role of FAM210A in cellular and organismal health. This review discusses how FAM210A acts as a regulator on mitochondrial inner membrane to coordinate mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism.
In through the out door: A loop‐binding‐first model for topological cohesin loading
Authors: Rhind Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Cohesin is a ring‐shaped complex that is loaded on DNA in two different conformations. In one conformation, it forms loops to organize the interphase genome; in the other, it topologically encircles sibling chromosomes to facilitate homologous recombination and to establish the cohesion that is required for orderly segregation during mitosis. How, and even if, these two loading conformation are related is unclear. Here, I propose that loop binding is a required first step for topological binding. This loop‐binding‐first model integrates the known information about the two loading mechanisms, explains genetic requirements for the two and explains how topological loading evolved from loop binding.
Fly or Fry: Understanding the dynamics of brand hate and consumer resilience in the airline and restaurant industries
Authors: Mushtaq Fakhra Malik , Hamzah Zalfa Laili , Ghazali Ezlika M.
Published: August 2024

This study addresses a critical gap in the literature on the consumer–brand relationship by focusing on the under‐investigated concept of attitudinal and behavioural brand hate. This study goes beyond such common determinants as negative experiences and unfair pricing, introducing employee incivility and service quality as overlooked, but significant, antecedents. Employing structural equation modelling, a sample of 593 participants from the airline and restaurant industries was examined. The findings reveal that brand hate significantly impacts brand opposition and emotional forgiveness. Importantly, consumer resilience moderates these relationships, mitigating the negative effects of brand hate. Moreover, the study finds industry‐specific variations in the triggers and outcomes of brand hate, suggesting the need for tailored managerial strategies. The study extends the consumer–brand relationship literature by highlighting new research avenues and making significant contributions. Theoretically, it validates affective event theory and personality characteristics' role in buffering brand hate. In addition, this study carries implications for policymakers and managers to understand the multifaceted nature of brand hate, develop effective strategies to mitigate the negative effects of service failures and build stronger consumer–brand relationships. Furthermore, these insights facilitate the creation of tailored approaches that consider industry‐specific characteristics, thus helping to prevent the harmful impact of brand hate.
Green Synthesis of Pleurotus Eryngii‐Derived Nanomaterials for Phytopathogen Control
Authors: Acay Hilal , Güler Güney İnci , Yildirim Ayfer , Derviş Sibel , Dereli Elif
Published: August 2024

Growing concerns over the human health and environmental impacts of conventional fungicides, coupled with the escalating challenge of microbial resistance, have fueled the search for sustainable biocontrol strategies against plant pathogens. This study reports, for the first time, the green synthesis and characterization of a novel, eco‐friendly nanomaterial, designated Pleurotus eryngii‐Lecithin‐Chitosan Nanomaterial (PEELCN), derived from P. eryngii extract (PEE), lecithin (L), and chitosan (C). The structural attributes of PEELCN were elucidated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential measurements, confirming the successful formation of a stable and uniform nanostructure. The antifungal activity of PEELCN, and PEE, was assessed against five economically important phytopathogenic fungi: Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Alternaria alternata, Verticillium dahliae, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Fusarium oxysporum. Both PEE and PEELCN exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of V. dahliae, B. sorokiniana, and N. dimidiatum, with varying degrees of efficacy. The differential antifungal activity suggests a species‐specific mode of action. The findings highlight the promising potential of PEELCN as a sustainable, biocompatible, and cost‐effective nanofungicide for the management of plant diseases, with the potential for development into a commercially viable biofungicide for sustainable agriculture.
Automated Optimization of the Synthesis of Alkyl Arenesulfonates in an Undivided Electrochemical Flow Cell
Authors: Hielscher Maximilian M. , Schneider Johannes , Lohmann Alexander H. J. , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: August 2024

The necessary separation of anodic and cathodic compartments in the electrochemical multicomponent synthesis of alkyl arenesulfonates in batch was overcome by the transfer of this reaction in an undivided electrochemical flow cell. The yield was increased from an initial 23 % to 67 % by optimization using Design of Experiments (DoE). The experiments were carried out using an automated experimental flow electrolysis setup controlled by the automation software LABS (Laboratory Automation and Batch Scheduling), an open‐source software that allows to plan and conduct experiments with an arbitrary, freely selectable experimental setup. The automated experimental setup turned out to be stable and provides reproducible results. In total, 6 examples are demonstrated with isolated yields up to 81 %. In addition, the robust scalability of the electrochemical reaction was demonstrated in a 10‐fold scale‐up.
Acid mine drainage: the link between melting permafrost and heavy metals in mountain lake
Authors: Spitzer Philipp , Reichmann Eva , Tassoti Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Schmelzender Permafrost und der Rückgang von Gletschereis können zu einer Erhöhung der Schwermetallkonzentration in Gebirgsbächen und Seen führen. Dies ist besonders in Regionen mit sulfidhaltigem Grundgestein wie Pyrit zu beobachten. Durch Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) wird der pH‐Wert der Gebirgsbäche gesenkt. Schwermetalle, die unter normalen Bedingungen gebunden sind, werden bei niedrigem pH‐Wert löslich und erhöhen die Konzentration an Schwermetallionen im Wasser. Die hier vorgestellten Modellversuche für den Chemieunterricht demonstrieren die geringen Pufferfähigkeiten von Gletscherwasser und die Versauerung durch Pyritoxidation, sowie die dadurch hervorgerufene Freisetzung von Schwermetallen am Beispiel von Kupfer. Die Experimente sind so konzipiert, dass sie im Unterricht leicht eingesetzt werden können. Zusätzlich erfolgt die Einbettung in eine digitale Lernumgebung mit VR‐Option, um Lernenden zumindest einen virtuellen Zugang zu Gletscherlandschaften zu ermöglichen.
Synthesis of Ag Nanowires with High Aspect Ratio for Highly Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensor
Authors: Qi Xue , Lv Hao , Wang Yuxin , Ye Yang , Wang Peike , Yin Ao , Luo Jingjing , Ren Zhongqi , Liu Haipeng , Liu Jiang , Yu Suzhu , Wei Jun
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the research and development of various flexible wearable devices have rapidly advanced due to the continuous introduction of flexible electronic product. These devices have found applications in health monitoring, cardiovascularcare, internal and external workload, and more.Flexible sensors, being a vital component of flexible devices, determine the functionalities and performance capabilities of the devices. Metal nanomaterials, especially silver nanowires, are widely used in flexible sensors in past research due to their great advantages in flexibility and sensitivity. In this work, Silver nanowires with aspect ratios of 600, 1000, and 1400 were synthesized by adjusting the synergy of Br‐ and Cl‐, along with other process parameters, leading to an improved production efficiency of silver nanowires.The stability of the conductive network is enhanced when the aspect ratio of silver nanowires is 1000 and 1400.The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity at high strain, along with an extended strain range.Moreover, it was observed that increasing the aspect ratio of silver nanowires led to a more stable conductive network, thus enhancing the sensor's stability with over 10000 stretching cycles. under the appropriate deposition density, silver nanowires with aspect ratio of 600 have high sensitivity to low strain, and silver nanowires with aspect ratio of 1400 have high sensitivity to high strain, up to 247.3. Introducing microstructures on the surface of PDMS resulted in an increased maximum sensitivity of the sensor with decreasing microstructure size, reaching a maximum sensitivity of 322.2.
The Impact Message Inventory‐Circumplex (IMI‐C): Exploring the Aversiveness Component of Therapists' Covert Reactions to Patients' Interpersonal Communications
Authors: Hafkenscheid Anton
Published: August 2024

The Impact Message Inventory‐Circumplex (IMI‐C) is a two‐dimensional measure of patient‐induced countertransference. Surprisingly, in a replication study of its circumplex structure, Hafkenscheid and Timmerman could retrieve a third dimension, in addition to the basic dimensions of Affiliation and Control. They tentatively interpreted this preliminary third dimension as representing ‘reactance’ (oppositional and uncooperative patient behaviours), with ‘active’ and ‘passive’ as polarities. This provisional interpretation was no more than plausible and was partly speculative. Therefore, a more systematic empirical approach to the meaning embedded in the third dimension is required. The present empirical study tests the hypothesis that the preliminary third dimension might represent aversiveness rather than reactance. A panel of IMI‐C users (N = 100) independently judged all 56 items of the instrument in terms of the general (i.e., without taking a specific patient in mind) emotional undertone enclosed in the item formulations using a forced choice three point scale format: ‘positive emotional undertone’ (+), ‘neutral’ (o) and negative (aversive) undertone (−). Overall, IMI‐C users appeared to evaluate the formulations of items constituting the preliminary third dimension as intrinsically more aversive (negative emotional connotation), compared to the group of IMI‐C items not included in this preliminary third dimension. However, the original octants of the IMI‐C could be discriminated in terms of aversiveness as well. Anyhow, clinical interpretations of IMI‐C profiles may benefit from an examination of the aversiveness component, enclosed within the items and octants themselves, irrespective of the specific patients judged with the instrument.
Scaffolding geography's conceptual ways of thinking using ‘semantic waves’
Authors: Vernon Esther , Dunphy Alison
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the application of Karl Maton's notion of ‘semantic waves’ to the teaching of geography at the post‐16 phase (A‐level) in England. Drawing on evidence generated through a 2‐year close‐to‐practice case study, it illustrates its potential as a scaffold in two ways. Firstly, one that can help teachers face both ways: Towards their subject discipline, to see it in more naïve forms, and towards their novice students, to make that form explicit and thus accessible to them. Such a deliberative or hermeneutic orientation stands in sharp contrast to the atomistic mode of the technicist orientation to knowledge dominant in English education. Secondly, as a scaffold that can provide a visual language for students which makes explicit the implicit relationship between different components of an essay, and in this sense, helps scaffold for a more relational mode of thinking about the geography itself. Interviews with students suggested semantic waves was: (i) a practical but not a prescriptive tool, (ii) a framework that could extend their thinking and (iii) a scaffold that connects knowledge with essay writing. It appeared to be a useful tool to bring the geographical knowledge and its complexity to the fore by aiding metacognitive thought.
Elevating optical networks: Machine learning approach for optimal resource scheduling and performance boost
Authors: S.S. Neetha Kala , Jain Aaditya , Bhatt Rahul , Sinha Sanjay Kumar , Saraswat Pankaj , Prabhakaran
Published: August 2024

The increasing demand for massaging networks that are stable and quick needs reevaluations of standard optical networking administration strategies. To improve the efficacy of optical networks by integrating machine learning (ML) approach for the best resource scheduling, this research presents an innovative dynamic block widow optimized random forest (DBWO‐RF) strategy. To implement the DBWO‐driven resource allocation method in accordance with the categorization and clustering findings, the RF method is incorporated with the software defined optical to achieve channel quality assessment after successfully clustering employs the RF approach to achieve channel quality assessment after successfully clustering traffic patterns using the fuzzy C‐means (FCM) algorithm. To lessen the likelihood of blocking, the fragmentation‐function‐fit (FFF) algorithm was provided and the findings indicate that this approach possesses a reduced blocking risk. Using multiple approaches to modulation for various channel quality, the suggested resource allocation system leverages the DBWO approach to distribute the necessary resources based on various “traffic flow (TF)” clustering findings. The examination's outcomes demonstrate that, compared to other techniques under various given load levels, the present study has a reduced blocking risk, a sufficient complexity degree and greater effectiveness in the utilization of spectrum resources.
Forest defoliation by an invasive outbreak insect: Catastrophic consequences for a charismatic mega moth
Authors: Lindroth Richard L. , Zierden Mark R. , Morrow Clay J. , Fernandez Patricia C.
Published: August 2024

Earth is now experiencing declines in insect abundance and diversity unparalleled in human history. The drivers underlying those declines are many, complex, and incompletely known. Here, using a natural experiment, we report the first test of the hypothesis that forest defoliation by an invasive outbreak insect compromises the fitness of a native insect via damage‐induced increases in toxicity of the forest canopy. We demonstrate that defoliation by the invasive spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) elicits an average 8.4‐fold increase in foliar defense expression among aspen (Populus tremuloides) genotypes. In turn, elevated defense dramatically reduces survivorship, feeding, and growth of a charismatic mega moth (Anthereae polyphemus). This work suggests that changes to the phytochemical landscape of forests, mediated by invasive outbreak insects, are likely to negatively impact native insects, with potential repercussions for community diversity and ecosystem function across expansive scales.
Predicting the potential distribution of Taxus cuspidata in northeastern China based on the ensemble model
Authors: Chang Baoliang , Huang Chen , Chen Bingming , Wang Ziwen , He Xingyuan , Chen Wei , Huang Yanqing , Zhang Yue , Yu Shuai
Published: August 2024

Climate change is poised to exert a significant impact on species distribution in the future, and Taxus cuspidata as an endangered species is no exception. Predicting the potential distribution of T. cuspidata is essential for decision‐makers to develop conservation policies and explicitly implement conservation measures. In this study, a combined model was employed to predict potentially suitable habitats for T. cuspidata based on extant data of T. cuspidata distributions in northeastern China. Our findings suggest that mean diurnal range (bio2) and isothermality (bio3) were identified as dominant factors influencing T. cuspidata distribution. Under future climate scenarios, suitable habitat areas increased only in the SSP126 scenario in the 2070s, declining in all other scenarios. In all climate scenarios, the centroid of suitable habitats ultimately shows a trend in northward movement. Decreases in suitable habitat predominantly occurred in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Baishan city, and Tonghua city. Overall, this study highlights a projected habitat reduction due to climate change. Recommendations entail the strategic establishment of nature reserves and the implementation of initiatives aimed at population replenishment.
Diaminomethylation of Pyrazoles
Authors: Koidan Georgyi , Zahorulko Serhii , Hurieva Anastasiia , Shishkina Svitlana , Rusanov Eduard B. , Kostyuk Aleksandr
Published: August 2024

We studied the reaction of N‐alkyl(aryl)pyrazoles with silylformamidine 1 that exists in an equilibrium with its carbene form via migration of the trimethylsilyl group from the carbon to nitrogen atom. The carbene insertion proceeded at the C−H group in 5th position. N‐alkyl(aryl)pyrazoles featuring substituents such as Br, CN and NO2 group reacted readily affording the corresponding aminals. This approach allowed us to synthesize pyrazole dialdehyde and phosphine featuring a vicinal aldehyde group. The reaction does not require any catalyst. The insertion position was unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray analysis of an aminal and a set of derivatives. Aminals hydrolysis afforded the corresponding pyrazole carbaldehydes. Methanolysis of the aminals gave N‐methylimines of the pyrazolecarbaldehydes. Highly acidic nitro pyrazole instead of the insertion underwent silylation in 5th position.
The effect of astaxanthin after varicocele surgery on antioxidant status and semen quality in infertile men: A triple‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ayub Mohammed Salih Shimal , Jabarpour Masoome , Sedighi Gilani Mohammad Ali , Sajadi Hesamoddin , Saedi Marghmaleki Mojtaba , Shabani Nashtaei Maryam , Salem Maryam , Amidi Fardin
Published: August 2024

Varicocele (VC) is widely recognized as a prevalent etiological factor contributing to male infertility. It has been established that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a significant role in the progression and development of VC. Antioxidants may regulate ROS levels in these patients. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a carotenoid compound with notable antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory characteristics. The current study postulated that the administration of ASX following varicocelectomy (VCT) could potentially enhance antioxidant status and semen quality in these patients. A total of 40 infertile males with clinical VC and abnormal semen analyses were randomly assigned to take part in the current trial. For 3 months following surgery, the intervention group took ASX (6 mg/day) while the control group received a placebo. After intervention, semen parameters, antioxidant status, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups. Regarding semen parameters, antioxidant treatment led to a significant improvement in total and progressive motility in the treatment group (p < 0.05). Additionally, ASX led to a considerable increase in the expression levels of NRF2, Keap1, SOD2, SOD3, and BCL2, though the enhancement in the expression level of SOD3 was not statistically significant (p > .05). However, ASX significantly decreased the BAX expression level (p < .05). Even though the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of seminal fluid (SF) increased significantly in the treatment group (p < .05), the level of total oxidative stress (TOS) in SF did not differ substantially between treatment and control groups (p > .05). Based on inflammatory factors in SF, ASX led to a considerable reduction in levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 (p < .05). Our findings demonstrated that ASX treatment provides an important contribution to VCT outcomes by modulating antioxidant status and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Our results indicated that ASX may be beneficial as an adjuvant therapy for infertile men following VCT.
The invisible city: The mundane biogeographies of urban microbial ecologies
Authors: Bradshaw Aaron
Published: August 2024

More‐than‐human, multispecies and animal geographic accounts of the city have tended to focus on large, charismatic and wild organisms, to the detriment of spatially invisible other‐than‐humans that are central to urban reproduction. At the same time, urban microbial geographies have foregrounded embodied interactions between humans and microorganisms, whether they are symbiotic or pathogenic, often marginalising the material contributions of extracorporeal microbiomes to the urban fabric. Building from these two blindspots, this article focuses on microbial ecologies that live constitutively outside of (other‐than‐)human bodies and which are intimately caught up in the metabolic intensities and infrastructural environments of the urban realm. There are two key aims: (1) to explore different forms of urban microbial ecologies and (2) to examine their relationships with urban infrastructures and reproduction. My disciplinary lenses are animal geography, microbe studies and urban ecology and my case studies are focused on urban water metabolism. Thus, based on empirical fieldwork on the urban River Lea in East London and supplemented by scientific literature and technical documents, I analyse three urban microbial ecologies that correspond to the urban realms’ ‘extended microbiomes’: those involved in slow sand filtration for the treatment of drinkable water, those involved in sewage treatment via the activated sludge process and those emerging and evolving in disused urban canal infrastructure. These processes spatially manage microbial growth and modulate the distribution of different forms of microbial agency with important effects for the smooth functioning of urban water metabolism. I suggest these ecologies correspond to the ‘spaces' of microbes in the city, and characterise a mundane system of repetition and regulation. However, microbes continue to assert their agency within the spaces of urban water metabolism, create their own places and worlds and highlight a more‐than‐human contingency and indeterminacy at the heart of urban reproduction.
Structural limits to effective environmental activism: Post‐neoliberal development, extractive imperative and authoritarianism in Ecuador
Authors: Arsel Murat , Pellegrini Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

With the election of President Rafael Correa in the 2006 elections, Ecuadorian environmentalists became influential policymaking actors. Agenda‐setting successes were followed by their decisive contribution to determining legislative content and its passing. However, the moment of alliance between environmentalists and Correa proved to be temporary. Environmentalists returned to a more adversarial posture in relation to the state and its approach to constructing a post‐neoliberal development model that relied on the intensification of primary commodity extraction. Their efficacy in shaping environmental policy making and implementation declined and their activities against oil and mining extraction were met by increasingly authoritarian responses by the state. Structural constraints emerging from the global political economy of environment and development were ultimately decisive in the rise of authoritarianism and the reversal of the agenda of the environmentalists.
Prediction of vasopressor needs in hypotensive emergency department patients using serial arterial blood pressure data with deep learning
Authors: Choi Yeongho , Kim Ki Hong , Kim Yoonjic , Choi Dong Hyun , Joo Yoon Ha , Choi Sae Won , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do
Published: August 2024

Background

Shock is a life‐threatening condition that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the timely identification and management of this condition are important. We aimed to develop a prediction model for vasopressor use based on concise serial arterial blood pressure data.

Methods

We collected continuous arterial blood pressure from patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) resuscitation room. Patients with an initial systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg were included in the study. We developed prediction models using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks. Discrimination performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC).

Results

A total of 120 patients were enrolled in the study. The CNN and LSTM models yielded AUROCs ranging from 0.731 to 0.834 for predicting the need for vasopressor infusion within different time frames (30 min, 1 h, and 6 h). LSTM outperformed the CNN in terms of predicting vasopressor infusion within 30 min and 1 h (p value < 0.05). The AUPRC values ranged from 0.200 to 0.252, and sensitivity–specificity analyses indicated that the models have potential for clinical applications.

Conclusion

This study used serial arterial blood pressure data to construct a promising prediction model for the need for vasopressors in hypotensive ED patients. The simplicity and accuracy of the model provide valuable insights for developing a clinical decision support tool for resuscitation in emergency settings.
De novo urethral hypermobility at 6 months after first delivery as a risk factor for stress urinary incontinence 12 years postpartum
Authors: Arrue Gabilondo Miren , Belar Maria J. , Diez‐Itza Irene
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to analyze the association between de novo urethral hypermobility 6 months postpartum and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms at 6 months and 12 years after first delivery. Risk factors associated with the development of postnatal urethral hypermobility were also examined.

Methods

A longitudinal cohort study was conducted on primigravid women, after excluding those with UI before pregnancy and/or urethral hypermobility (rotational angle ≥30°) at term. At 6 months postpartum, SUI was assessed based on symptoms and introital ultrasound performed to measure rotational angle (difference between urethro‐pelvic angle at rest and at maximum Valsalva). Twelve years after delivery, women were sent a questionnaire including SUI assessment and questions on parity, current age, and body mass index. Continuous variables were compared using student's t‐test and qualitative variables using chi‐squared tests. A logistic regression model was constructed including variables that reached statistical significance (P < 0.05) in the univariate analysis.

Results

Of the 314 women who completed the 6‐month follow‐up, 265 (84.4%) were successfully contacted and completed the questionnaire at 12 years and these formed the study group. In 127 women (47.9%), de novo urethral hypermobility had developed by 6 months postpartum. There was no association between urethral hypermobility and SUI symptoms 6 months postpartum (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.59–2.33). Twelve years after delivery, however, SUI was reported by 110 women overall (41.5%) and nearly half of the women who developed postnatal urethral hypermobility (61/127, 48.0%).

Conclusion

De novo urethral hypermobility 6 months postpartum constitutes a risk factor for SUI 12 years later.