bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspectos fisicoquímicos e citológicos do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de equinos em diferentes idades
Authors: Zambrano Roberto dos Santos , Fonseca Fernanda Assis , Moraes Júlia de Miranda , Dias Glaúcia Mansur Balsamão , Alves Geraldo Eleno Silveira , Lima Eduardo Maurício Mendes , Vianna André Rodrigues da Cunha Baretto , Godoy Roberta Ferro de
Published: November 2011

A análise do líquido sinovial é de grande importância para identificar alterações citológicas e químicas de afecções inflamatórias supurativas e não supurativas, hemorragias, neoplasia ou doenças infecciosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos fisicoquímicos e citológicos do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em 24 equinos hígidos, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas, que foram divididos em quatro grupos, sendo um grupo controle (Gc) com a idade variando de cinco a 13 anos, grupo 1 (G1) com a idade variando entre cinco e sete anos, grupo 2 (G2) com idade variando entre oito e dez anos e grupo 3 (G3) com idade que varia entre 11 e 13 anos. O líquido sinovial foi avaliado quanto ao seu volume, pH, densidade, glicose, proteínas totais, hemácias, células nucleadas, neutró filos, linfócitos e macrófagos. Os animais do presente estudo foram tratados para alterações dentárias leves e não foi possível detectar alterações fisicoquímicas e citológicas no líquido sinovial entre os diferentes grupos.
Mecanismos anatômicos e fisiológicos de plantas de aguapé para a tolerância à contaminação por Arsênio
Authors: Pereira F.J. , Castro E.M. , Oliveira C. , Pires M.F. , Pasqual M.
Published: November 2011

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação das características anatômicas e fisiológicas de aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes) em resposta ao estresse por arsênio. As plantas de aguapé foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva hidropônica de Hoagland em casa de vegetação sob cinco concentrações de arsênio: 0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; e 2,0 mg L-1 por período de 20 dias. As plantas demonstraram aumento na taxa fotossintética, na condutância estomática, na transpiração e na relação Ci/Ca, bem como na atividade de todas as enzimas do sistema antioxidante, com maior atividade nas folhas em relação às raízes nos tratamentos contendo arsênio. As características anatômicas das folhas das plantas sob as maiores concentrações de arsênio mostraram aumento na densidade estomática, no índice estomático e na espessura do parênquima esponjoso. A anatomia radicular não evidenciou alterações decorrentes da intoxicação por arsênio e modificações nas características do xilema e floema, porém não houve prejuízos à sua estrutura e função. Dessa forma, o estresse por intoxicação pelo arsênio, nas concentrações testadas, não é evidente nas plantas de E. crassipes, e os mecanismos de tolerância são relacionados com modificações na anatomia e fisiologia das plantas.
Critical period for weed control in potatoes in the Huambo Province (Angola)
Authors: Monteiro A. , Henriques I. , Moreira I.
Published: November 2011

The effects of different weed management periods on potatoes were studied in three areas (Bailundo, Chianga and Calenga) of the central highlands of Angola and in three cropping seasons, from June 2005 to May 2007. Six weed-management treatments were used to identify critical periods of competition and to allow the development of more precise management recommendations. Total potato yield ranged from about 22 t ha-1 in weed-free plots to about 3 t ha-1 with no weed control a yield loss of 86%. Major weed species Galinsoga parviflora, Cyperus esculentus, Bidens biternata, Amaranthus hybridus, Nicandra physaloides, Portulaca oleracea and Datura stramonium differed from area to area. The species G. parviflora dominated the weed flora in all three areas 73, 97 and 72 plants m² 50 days after crop emergence in Bailundo, Chianga and Calenga respectively, in dry season trials; while C. esculentus was also present in Chianga and Calenga, with an average density of ca 30 plants m-2 in dry season trials. Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing periods of weed-free growth and weed interference, respectively. Critical periods for weed control, with a 95% weed-free total yield, were estimated from 26 to 66 and from 20 to 61 days after emergence for the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Weed competition before or after these critical periods had negligible effects on crop yield.
A figura do poeta em Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis) e Gaston Bachelard: algumas considerações
Authors: Oliveira Maria Elisa de
Published: November 2011

Através do Fogo - elemento marcante tanto em Novalis (século XVIII) quanto em Gaston Bachelard (século XX), pudemos ensaiar uma aproximação entre esses dois autores, distantes no tempo, mas próximos no tocante à valorização da imaginação (estética).
O ato de testemunhar: violência, gênero e subjetividade
Authors: Das Veena
Published: November 2011

O contexto é a Partição da Índia em 1949, que levou à criação do Paquistão, visto a partir da cultura punjabi (o Punjab era a província mais próxima da fronteira com o novo estado) e, particularmente, através dos olhos de Asha que, aos 21 anos, em 1941, ficara viúva e passara a viver com a família do falecido marido. As transformações impostas pela Partição alteraram essa situação e levaram Asha às seguintes reflexões. A comida de uma filha nunca é pesada para os pais. Mas quanto viverão nossos pais? Quando até dois pedaços de pão são sentidos como "pesados" por nosso próprio irmão... é melhor manter a honra ... e fazer sua paz... e viver onde se está destinada a viver. A exegese dessas reflexões constitui o núcleo analítico do texto. E, sobre a partição, a autora não se pergunta como os acontecimentos estavam presentes nas consciências como acontecimentos passados, mas como vieram a ser incorporados na estrutura temporal das relações.
No olho do furacão: conjugalidades homossexuais e o direito à visita íntima na Penitenciária Feminina da Capital
Authors: Padovani Natália Corazza
Published: November 2011

Neste artigo, analiso o direito à visita íntima em uma unidade penal específica: a Penitenciária Feminina da Capital (PFC). As visitas estão caracterizadas na Lei de Execução Penal (LEP) como forma de manutenção de relações familiares e matrimoniais das pessoas privadas de liberdade. Cabe questionar, entretanto, quais relações têm sido consideradas familiares e matrimoniais pelo corpo administrativo prisional. Essa questão tornou-se ainda mais complexa depois do dia 5 de maio de 2011, data em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal decidiu pela equalização legal das Uniões Civis Homossexuais às Heterossexuais. Argumento que esse acontecimento reitera uma lógica que empreende violência às relações sexuais não consideradas conjugais e que, ao mesmo tempo, responde a um desejo de sujeitos alijados de reconhecimento estatal. A disputa pelo direito à visita íntima homossexual está no centro desta contenda.
Adolescentes com deficiência auditiva: a aprendizagem da dança e a coordenação motora
Authors: Montezuma Maria Augusta L. , Rocha Mariana V. , Busto Rosângela Marques , Fujisawa Dirce Shizuko
Published: November 2011

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de modificação da coordenação motora, atenção, participação, interação, autoestima e compreensão em adolescentes com deficiência auditiva, após a realização de aulas de dança do tipo jazz dance. Foi realizado estudo experimental intrassujeito do tipo AB, com cinco sujeitos do gênero feminino, com idade entre 13 e 18 anos, diagnóstico de surdez congênita ou adquirida e estudantes do Instituto Londrinense de Educação de Surdos (ILES). Para avaliação da coordenação motora foi aplicado o teste KTK, composto por quatro tarefas antes e após as aulas e, diário de campo, contendo informações que não foram registradas nos testes formais. Foram realizadas doze aulas de dança como intervenção. O resultado do KTK mostrou média da pontuação total de 171,8 inicialmente e 196,4 após a intervenção. Como resultado final todos os sujeitos do estudo apresentaram melhora da coodernação motora significante (P=0.01) após as aulas de dança. Observou-se também melhor atenção das alunas no decorrer das aulas e maior integração do grupo.
Dieta hiperlipídico-proteica utilizada para emagrecimento induz obesidade em ratos
Authors: Borba Alberto José de , Rocha Márcia Gabriela Margato , Silva Marcelo Fernandes da , Tibúrcio Denise Teresinha de Sales , Pereira Sanívia Aparecida de Lima , Reis Luiz Carlos dos , Thedei Júnior Geraldo
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: Neste trabalho, analisa-se o efeito de dieta hiperlipídico-proteica com baixo teor de carboidrato sobre o peso corporal, peso de órgãos, consumo de ração, parâmetros bioquímicos e alterações histopatológicas no fígado de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 24 animais - 12 no grupo-controle e 12 no grupo-experimental - com peso médio de 160 gramas no início do experimento. Semanalmente, foram verificados o peso corporal e o consumo de ração, e ao final de oito semanas foram feitas as dosagens bioquímicas sanguíneas, pesagem de órgãos e análise histopatológica dos fígados. RESULTADOS: Os animais do grupo-experimental tiveram maior ganho de peso corporal e acumularam mais tecido adiposo que os animais do grupo-controle. Fígado, rins e baço não sofreram alterações quanto ao peso. Os animais que receberam dieta hiperlipídico-proteica tiveram um aumento na ingestão energética acumulada nas oito semanas do estudo. O grupo-experimental desenvolveu hiperglicemia e hipertrigliceridemia, aumento da fração lipoproteína de alta densidade do colesterol e da creatinina sérica quando comparado ao grupo-controle. Foi detectada esteatose hepática no grupo-experimental. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que dietas pobres em carboidratos e ricas em gordura e proteínas podem acarretar alterações metabólicas prejudiciais ao organismo.
Quantificação e análise do custo da sobra limpa em unidades de alimentação e nutrição de uma empresa de grande porte
Authors: Soares Isabel Cristina Cordeiro , Silva Elizangela Rodrigues da , Priore Silvia Eloiza , Ribeiro Rita de Cássia Lanes , Pereira Marina Maria Lelis da Silva , Pinheiro-Sant'Ana Helena Maria
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO:O propósito deste estudo foi quantificar e avaliar o custo da sobra limpa em oito unidades de alimentação e nutrição de uma empresa siderúrgica de grande porte. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas oito unidades de alimentação e nutrição durante cinco meses. A quantificação da sobra limpa considerou as sobras e o número de refeições planejadas e servidas diariamente. As preparações foram divididas em grupos, sendo os custos obtidos a partir do valor médio dos alimentos adquiridos no mês. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta por cento das unidades de alimentação e nutrição não atingiram valores inferiores ou iguais a 30g, meta per capita de sobra limpa determinada pela empresa. Os per capitas totais de sobra limpa variaram entre 24g e 60g, equivalentes a 176kg-1.213kg de alimentos desperdiçados mensalmente. As saladas apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de desperdício na maioria das unidades. O custo mensal com as sobras atingiu de 2,2% a 3% do valor gasto mensalmente com alimentos, representando um custo elevado para a empresa (entre 80 a 108 salários-mínimos). Diante dos resultados obtidos, foram propostas medidas de intervenção, tais como planejamento e elaboração adequada das preparações, caracterização dos clientes e ações para educação nutricional. CONCLUSÃO: As unidades de alimentação e nutrição apresentaram considerável perda de alimentos com a sobra limpa. A implementação das intervenções propostas poderá minimizar essa perda. O valor gasto com esse desperdício poderia ser revertido em melhorias nos processos produtivos.
Profissão nutricionista: 70 anos de história no Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de , Calado Carmen Lúcia de Araújo
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: Realizar análise histórica dos 70 anos da profissão de nutricionista no Brasil, procurando analisar a expansão do número de cursos de graduação em nutrição e de nutricionistas no país e a identidade do nutricionista brasileiro no contexto atual. MÉTODOS: A base empírica foi constituída pelas estatísticas do número de profissionais e de cursos disponibilizadas pelo Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas e pelos dados da pesquisa "Inserção Profissional dos Nutricionistas no Brasil", realizada em 2005, pelo Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas. RESULTADOS: Em agosto de 2009, existiam 391 Cursos de Nutrição no Brasil (324 privados e 67 públicos), com 49 185 vagas anuais. Em junho de 2009, existiam 60 554 nutricionistas registrados no País, perfazendo uma relação de um nutricionista para cada 3 162 habitantes. De acordo com pesquisa do Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas, em 2005, o nutricionista brasileiro apresentava o seguinte perfil: 96,5% do sexo feminino; 79,4% entre 20 e 40 anos; 53,6% solteiros; 79,1% de cor branca; 41,7% atuando em nutrição clínica; 32,2% em alimentação coletiva; 9,4% em ensino (docência); 8,8% em saúde coletiva; 4,1% em nutrição esportiva e 3,7% em indústria de alimentos. CONCLUSÃO: A análise aponta intensa elevação do número de cursos e de profissionais e diversificação das áreas de atuação do nutricionista. Além das sete grandes áreas de atuação reconhecidas pelo Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas, observa-se dentro delas um amplo processo de divisão dos seus objetos de trabalho. É provável que, nos próximos anos, em função do lançamento de maior número de profissionais, ocorra uma redistribuição geográfica dos nutricionistas, modificações no mercado de trabalho e áreas de atuação profissional.
Behavioral satiety sequence: an experimental model for studying feeding behavior
Authors: Oliveira Lisiane dos Santos , Souza Sandra Lopes de , Manhães-De-Castro Raul
Published: November 2011

Feeding behavior is controlled by interactions between psychobiological and physiological systems. In rats, there is a sequence in the feeding behavior that is characterized by similar movements at the beginning and end of a meal, known as the behavioral satiety sequence. In the sequence, eating is followed by grooming and other activities, and ends with resting. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the use of the behavioral satiety sequence as an experimental model for the study of feeding behavior. A systematic search of the electronic databases MedLine, Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane Library and PubMed was done from November 2007 to January 2008, using combinations of the keywords "behavioral," "satiety" and "sequence". Ninety articles were found and, of these, fifteen articles were selected for the review. The studies demonstrated the efficacy of using behavioral satiety sequence to evaluate the effects of some types of manipulations on feeding behavior. With this study method it was also possible to observe different factors that can interfere with feeding behavior, such as sedation, malaise or intake inhibition, by increasing satiety. Behavioral satiety sequence offers solid tools for gaining a better understanding of how treatment can influence feeding behavior.
Jovens empreendedores e o processo de criação de empresas
Authors: Borges Cândido , Filion Louis Jacques , Simard Germain
Published: November 2011

RESUMO Grande parte das novas empresas é criada por jovens empreendedores com menos de 35 anos, mas pouco se conhece sobre as especificidades desse grupo de empreendedores. Este artigo contribui para a compreensão do processo de criação de empresas pelos jovens empreendedores ao apresentar e analisar a criação de 89 empresas fundadas por jovens de 18 a 34 anos e compará-las com as de 99 empresas criadas por empreendedores de 35 anos ou acima. Os resultados apontam que: 1. na maior parte dos casos, os jovens criam suas empresas em equipe; 2. eles começam com um capital inicial menor que os empreendedores de 35 anos ou mais; 3. eles precisam atravessar um processo de criação que dura, em média, mais de dois anos; 4. eles desempenham funções em todas as áreas da administração - funções para as quais têm pouca ou nenhuma formação e experiência anterior à criação da empresa.
As decisões de consumo e a heurística da ancoragem: uma análise da racionalidade do processo de escolha
Authors: Luppe Marcos Roberto , Angelo Claudio Felisoni de
Published: November 2011

Há pouca literatura sobre vieses relacionados ao processo de escolha em decisões de consumo. Um desses vieses é o da ancoragem, isto é, a adoção de um referencial, lógico ou não, que direciona a escolha dos indivíduos. Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os efeitos da ancoragem no processo decisório dos consumidores em relação à percepção e à estimação dos preços de produtos e serviços. Foi conduzido um experimento com os alunos de graduação da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo. O modelo do experimento envolveu três grupos de uma mesma população. O grupo de calibragem gerou estimativas sobre o preço de produtos e serviços sem nenhuma menção a âncoras. Os outros dois grupos desenvolveram estimativas após julgarem uma âncora selecionada a partir da distribuição das estimativas do grupo de calibragem. Verificou-se que os referenciais com valores menores ancoram mais fortemente a opinião dos consumidores. Esses resultados trazem relevantes implicações para a definição de políticas de preços nas empresas de varejo brasileiras. Sinteticamente, este trabalho indica que as técnicas tradicionais de precificação não esgotam as possibilidades de políticas de preços.
Flow Processes in the Dry Regime: The Effect on Capillary Barrier Performance
Authors: Jansik D. P. , Wildenschild D. , Rosenberg N. D.
Published: November 2011

Engineered capillary barriers typically consist of two layers of granular materials designed so that the contrast in material hydraulic properties and sloping interface retain infiltrating water in the upper layer. We conducted two benchtop capillary barrier experiments, followed by interpretation and numerical modeling. The hydraulic parameters for two coarse materials were measured using standard methods, and we found that the materials had similar hydraulic properties despite being morphologically different (round vs. angular). The round sand provided a better functioning capillary barrier than the angular sand, but neither experiment could be characterized as a perfectly working capillary barrier. In both cases, >93% of the infiltrating water was successfully diverted from the lower layer; however, infiltration into the underlying layer was observed in both systems. Based on this work, we believe that noncontinuum processes such as vapor diffusion and film flow contribute to the observed phenomena and are important aspects to consider with respect to capillary barrier design as well as dry vadose zone processes in general. Using a theoretical film flow equation that incorporates the surface geometry of the porous material, we found that infiltration into the coarse underlying sand layer appeared to be dominated by water film flow. The NUFT (Nonisothermal Unsaturated–Saturated Flow and Transport) model was used for qualitative comparison simulations. We were able to reproduce the barrier breach observed in the experiments using targeted parameter adjustment, by which pseudo‐film flow was successfully simulated.
Evaluation of Nonparametric Shape Measures for Solute Breakthrough Curves
Authors: Koestel J.K. , Moeys J. , Jarvis N. J.
Published: November 2011

A better understanding of the relationships among preferential solute transport, hydrologic boundary conditions, and site properties will help to improve predictions of the fate of contaminants in the vadose zone. The diversity of mechanisms underlying preferential transport, together with problems of nonuniqueness in fitting models to experimental data, suggests that model‐independent (nonparametric) indicators of solute transport may help to establish such relationships. We therefore investigated 17 distinct nonparametric measures of solute breakthrough curve (BTC) shape using a data set of 115 tracer BTCs sampled from the literature. We tested the shape measures for sensitivity to deconvolution approaches based on Gaussian, lognormal, and gamma probability density functions and the mobile–immobile model. Furthermore, we evaluated collinearities among the 17 shape measures. Most deconvolution approaches gave very good fits to the data, with coefficients of determination larger than 0.98. Dual‐domain transfer functions were superior to single‐domain ones, even after accounting for measures of parsimony. The least sensitive shape measures were the normalized first temporal moment, the mean transport velocity, the apparent dispersion coefficient, and the relative arrival time of the first 5 and 85% of the tracer mass. In contrast, the skewness and kurtosis were most sensitive to the choice of deconvolution approach, even for BTC experiments with very long data series of more than eight water‐filled pore volumes. The relative arrival time of the first 5% of the tracer mass was identified as the most robust shape parameter that could serve as an indicator of preferential flow and transport.
Zeolite as a factor in the improvement of some production traits of dairy cattle
Authors: Ilic Z. , Petrovic M.P. , Pesev S. , Stojkovic J. , Ristanovic B.
Published: November 2011

Milk yield and milk chemical composition are largely affected by diet
quality. Natural zeolite has been successfully used in livestock production
as a feed supplement for some types and categories of domestic animals. This
experiment was conducted over a period of 15 months involving Domestic
Spotted dairy cattle. The test animals were assigned to three groups, each
receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group
comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental groups I and
II were fed compound feeds supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively.
The production traits studied included the following milk performance traits:
whole lactation length, milk and fat yields over whole lactations, milk and
fat yields over standard lactations. The results obtained suggest that
zeolite supplementation affects some production traits, depending on the
zeolite level present in livestock feed.
Zeolite as a factor in the improvement of some reproductive traits of dairy cows
Authors: Pesev S. , Ilic Z. , Milosevic B. , Spasic Z. , Ristanovic B.
Published: November 2011

Reproductive traits and health status in dairy cows are largely affected by
diet quality. Natural zeolite has been successfully used in livestock
production as a feed supplement for some types and categories of domestic
animals. This experiment was conducted over a period of 15 months involving
Domestic Spotted dairy cows. The test animals were assigned to three groups,
each receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group
comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental groups I and
II were fed rations supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively. The
reproductive traits studied included gestation length, length of service
period, length of calving interval, calf body weight at birth and calf body
weight at 90 days of age. The results obtained suggest that zeolite
supplementation affects some reproductive traits, depending on the zeolite
level present in livestock feed.
The impact of physiological condition on calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in sheep blood serum
Authors: Stojkovic J. , Ilic Z. , Milenkovic M. , Djokovic R. , Jasovic B.
Published: November 2011

A large number of sheep, especially the ones that spend the majority of time
on pastures, is being fed with the meals which do not contain all the
neccessary mineral substances. The level of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium
on natural pastures is too low considering the neccessities of sheep. So, the
irregularities in sheep feeding occur because of the absence of other food
sources. These irregularities range from the acute mineral deficite or
illness, to the mild temporary forms which can hardly be diagnosed, but they
affect the level of production. The contents of calcium, phosphorus and
magnesium in sheep blood serum are given in this paper, as some of the
indicators of the need for supplementation of these substances. The average
calcium level in the blood serum of the control group was 2.61 mmol/l,
phosphorus level was 1.04 mmol/l and magnesium level was 1.31 mmol/l. The
average calcium level in the blood serum of the tested group was 2.33 mmol/l,
phosphorus level was 0.92 mmol/l and magnesium level was 1.37 mmol/l.
Effect of coconut oil supplementation on the carcass composition and muscle physicochemical characteristics in lambs
Authors: Popova T. , Ignatova M. , Marinova P. , Abadjieva D.
Published: November 2011

A study was carried out with 10 male lambs of Bulgarian dairy synthetic
population. The animals were divided in two groups-control and experimental
as the diet of the latter was supplemented with coconut oil in amount 20g/d
per animal for a period of 90 days. After finishing the experiment, complete
slaughter analysis was done on the half carcasses of the animals from both
groups and pH 24h, colour, water holding capacity, content of myoglobin, fat,
protein, moisture and ash in m. Longissimus dorsi and m. Semimembranosus were
determined. The coconut oil supplementation led to significant increase of
the contents of the subcutaneous (?<0.001) and intermuscular fat (?<0.05) in
the half carcass and its individual parts as well, and influenced
significantly the colour of the muscles which was darker in the lambs of the
experimental group. Specific deposition of fats in dependence on the location
in the carcass was observed. The content of subcutaneous fat was lowest in
the neck and highest in the loin, whereas that of intermuscular fat was
lowest in the leg and highest in the shoulder of the lambs. Significantly
higher water holding capacity (?<0.05) in m. Longissimus dorsi and myoglobin
content in m. Semimembranosus (P<0.01) were observed, due to the differences
in the type of the muscles.
Reduction of milk records per lactation in sheep
Authors: Kastelic M. , Kompan D.
Published: November 2011

Milk recording on sheep in Slovenia was started in the beginning of nineties.
It is done in one month interval. Seasonal recording in flock starts when the
first animals are weaned twenty-eight days. The recording in flock is
continuing to the end of lactation of last animal, approximately nine mounts.
The method is accurate but expensive. Lactation yields of milk, fat, proteins
and lactose, calculated from reduced number of milk records were compared
with officially estimated milk yields. The reductions were: records in first
thee (3M), first four (4M), first five (5M) and first six (6M) months of
lactation and two reductions on two records in six months. In first case the
recording starts within first month after weaning (3U) and in second case in
second month after weaning (3P). Yields are mostly overestimated. In some
cases are overestimations yields very high. The correlations for milk yield
were between 0.883 and 0,915, for fat yield between 0.784 and 0.831, for
proteins yield 0.822 and 0.866, and for lactose yield between 0.835 and
0.873. The lowest correlations were found in 3M, then in 3U and 3P followed
by 4M, 5M and 6M. The gain from 5M to 6M is not very impressive. I some cases
will led simple reduction of milk records per lactation to very incorrect
results. Reduced number of milk records demands more sophisticated estimation
of milk and milk ingredients yields per lactation.
Bacteria in goat meat: Biological danger
Authors: Ivanovic S. , Pavlovic I. , Zujovic M. , Tomic Z. , Memisi N.
Published: November 2011

In the world, especially in China, India, P?kist?n and Nigeria goat meat
represents an important foodstuff in nutrition of people. Goat meat is being
increasingly consumed in Serbia owing to its distinctive taste and desirable
chemical composition. As many other types of meat, goat meat can be the
source of pathogenic bacteria. Bacteria can find their way into meat of
healthy goats or goats with no clinical symptoms premortally (infection) or
postmortally (contamination). For these reasons EU has included in its
programme of monitoring zoonosis and zoonotic agents? microbiological
pathogens which cause the majority of alimentary diseases in humans today.
Among them, Campylobacter and Salmonella cause by far the largest number of
infections in humans and followed by Listeria monocytogenes.
Changes in fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of goat colostrum
Authors: Zaharia N. , Salamon R. , Pascal C. , Salamon S. , Zaharia R.
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this paper is to detect any changes in fatty acid and
cholesterol content of goat colostrum in the period of 0-72 hours after
kidding. For that purpose, samples of colostrum from 16 goats, belonging to
local populations in north-eastern Romania where collected. Samples were
preserved by freezing and then subjected to chemical analysis. Preparation of
solutions for fatty acids analysis was based on the principle of methylation,
by combining alkaline methylation (NaOCH3/MeOH) with acid (BF3/MeOH). For
cholesterol we used the principle of fat saponification, using potassium
hydroxide, followed by filtration and separation of cholesterol with hexane.
Detection of cholesterol and fatty acids content was performed by gas
chromatography device. Caprinic acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic
acid (C16: 0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) quantified more
than 75% of the total fatty acids determined 72 hours after birth. Among
short-medium-chain fatty acids, capronic acid (C6:0) was found in highest
proportion (average concentration of 5.7% of total fatty acids), but at the
same time, presented the most obvious oscillation range from 0 to 72 hours
(6.56% at birth, 2.45% and 7.59% from 12 hours to 72 hours), with the
differences between mean values being significant (p<0.05). In the case of
polyunsaturated fatty acids, the ratio between omega 3 and omega 6 was 1/4.64
at kidding and 1/4.23 at 72 hours after birth, the differences being
insignificant. In goat colostrum, the mean concentration of cholesterol was
9.43 mg per 100 g.
Effect of pelleting agent on microbiological and mycotoxicological safety of feed mixtures
Authors: Adamovic M. , Bocarov-Stancic A. , Pantic V. , Vukic-Vranjes M. , Jovanovic R. , Panic M.
Published: November 2011

The study was conducted to determine effect of pelleting agents on physical
and chemical characteristics as well as microbiological and mycotoxicological
safety of pelleted feed mixtures for laying hens. Four feed mixtures were
analyzed: Control (K) - without supplemented pelleting agent, and three
experimental ones (A, B and C) with supplemented pelleting agent.
Lignocellulose concentrate-based agent was added in feed mixture A -?Arbocel?
(2%), and bentonite-based agent in feed mixture B ?Bentopel? (2%), while both
agents were added in feed mixture C in the concentration of 1%. The pellets
of highest hardness (6 Khal J/kg ) were found in feed mixture B. The pellets
of rather good hardness (5.5 Khal J/kg ) were found in feed mixture A, while
the pellets in feed mixture C (3.5 Khal J/kg) were of the lowest hardness.
Total number of bacteria was the highest in diet K amounting to 39000/g
sample, and significantly lower in the experimental feeds mixtures ranging
from 2,100 (C) to 5,000 (B). Pathogenic bacteria were not detected in the
analyzed feeds mixtures. The highest number of yeast species (8) was found in
feed mixture K, and in experimental feeds mixtures this number was
significantly lower. In feed mixture A one yeast species was found, in feed
mixture B three and in feed mixture C 6, respectively. The predominant were
the representatives of the Aspergillus species, a typical mycobiota developed
in the animal feed warehouses. Presence of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1,
ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin)
was not detected in analyzed feeds mixture.
Herbage yield and botanical composition of grass-legume mixture at different time of establishment
Authors: Simic A. , Vasiljevic S. , Vuckovic S. , Tomic Z. , Bjelic Z. , Mandic V.
Published: November 2011

For comparative testing of the total productivity of mixtures (intercrops) of
red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum
L.), a trial was carried out during the 2007-2009 growing seasons at
experimental fields of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun.
Intercrops included two red clover varieties (?-17 and Una) and tetraploid
Italian ryegrass (?-29t) in different proportional ratios (100:0%, 75:25%,
50:50%, 25:75% and 0:100%). Italian ryegrass sown alone was top-dressed with
nitrogen rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1. Herbage yields and botanical
composition were influenced by different sowing times in the first production
year. Spring seeded red clover was more persistent and cumulatively yielded,
autumn seeded Italian ryegrass produced more dry matter in the mixture than
red clover. The trial demonstrates the potential of two red clover cultivars
grown either alone or with a suitable Italian ryegrass to achieve and
maintain a high output of herbage of good quality in the first production
year, with different time of stand establishment. The practical agricultural
implications of using ryegrass/clover are discussed.
Suitability of alfalfa and orchard grass for ensilage
Authors: Knezevic J. , Milenkovic M. , Milosevic B. , Bekovic D. , Aksic M. , Jasovic B.
Published: November 2011

Alfalfa and orchard grass should have, in terms of suitability for
ensilaging, the appropriate content of soluble sugars, the corresponding dry
matter content and low buffer capacity. When using plants that are less
suitable for silage, it is necessary to increase dry matter content in the
biomass by adding sugar components and enzymes to direct the fermentation
process in order to provide quality and stable silage.
The state in the sector of milk production in European Union and in our country
Authors: Perisic P. , Skalicki Z. , Bogdanovic V.
Published: November 2011

The paper gives an analysis of the state in milk production from the aspect
of total produced quantities of milk and total purchased quantites of milk by
the diaries in EU. The number of farms engaged in cattle production has been
analyzed, along with the farms engaged in milk production. Trend in
development of cattle breeding in EU is going in the direction of decreasing
the number of farms raising the breeding stocks of dairy cows and to the
simultaneous increase in the number of cows per farm for milk production with
constant increase of the quantity of milk produced per cow. In 2008 the
number of cows per farm in EU27 was on average 9.8 cows, in EU25 on average
16.6 cows, with great variation among member countries observed. Average milk
yield in total cow population in 2008 in EU15 was 6646 kg, in EU25: 6357 kg
and in EU27: 6133kg. In Serbia the average milk yield in registered cows of
Simmental breed is about 4500 kg, and in Holstein Friesian breed around 8700
kg. It is important to emphasize that in Serbia there is a far less number of
cows under controlled milk yield (around 5.5% Simmental cows in total
number), and that there is a decline observed in the number of cattle in
Serbia in the last decade per average rate of 2-3 % annually.
Antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. as a food safety issue
Authors: Petrovic J. , Stojanov I. , Milanov D. , Kapetanov M.
Published: November 2011

Antimicrobial resistance is a daunting public health threat impacting both
human and animal health and it is a cause for concern wherever antimicrobial
agents are in use. The usage of antimicrobial drugs in food producing animals
could results in significant food safety issue - antimicrobial resistance
among zoonotic bacteria in these animals. Resistance monitoring program still
does not exist in Serbia, so we made a pilot program to screen the situation
in our abattoirs. We found similar situation like the one in EU. The
resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs was found in 40.00% and 75.32%
Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from poultry and pig carcasses,
respectively. Fluoroquinolones are anitmicrobial drugs which, beside
beta-lactams, are most often used in poultry breeding. Fluoroquinolones are
also very important for treatment of some human diseases. We examined
relationship between presence of fluoroquinolone resistant C. jejuni in
poultry carcasses and fluoroquinolone treatment of poultry. Treatment with
one of this antimicrobials - enrofloxacine selects resistant strains in
chickens carcasses, C. jejuni strains resistant to enrofloxacine were
isolated from all livers (100%) and 70% carcasses. The resistant bacteria may
then be transmitted to humans through food supply and increase the risk of
treatment failures. Resistant zoonotic pathogens in food have to be
controlled through a complete, continuous farm-to-fork system.
The effect of nitrogen fertilization on production and qualitative properties of sown grasslands in the system of sustainable production
Authors: Bijelic Z. , Tomic Z. , Ruzic-Muslic D.
Published: November 2011

Nitrogen fixation in grass-leguminous mixtures is not sufficient to satisfy
the nitrogen requirements of plants, therefore it is necessary to compensate
this deficiency by nitrogen from mineral fertilizers. Objective of this study
is to present the effect of N application in grass-leguminous mixtures on
their production and qualitative properties, i.e. to give an answer to the
question if application of nitrogen fertilizers results in the increase or
decrease of yield, quality and changes in the structural composition of the
grassland. N from mineral fertilizers, especially considerable amounts of
nitrogen, changes the structural composition of grasslands - the share of
leguminous plants decreases and share of grasses increases. Yield of dry
matter increases with added nitrogen fertilizers. The amounts of nitrogen
fertilizer which exceed the requirements of plants reduce the economical
justification of fertilization and sometimes can have even opposite effect.
Nitrogen fertilization increases the content of crude proteins and protein
yield, whereas other quality parameters decrease or remain unchanged. Too
much nitrogen in crops leads to nitrate accumulation in plants which is
undesirable quality parameter.
Effects of feeding laying hens diets supplemented with omega 3 fatty acids on the egg fatty acid profile
Authors: Sefer D. , Andonov A. , Sobajic S. , Markovic R. , Radulovic S. , Jakic-Dimic D. , Petrujkic B.
Published: November 2011

In order to investigate the effects of omega (n) 3 fatty acids on egg quality
a group-control trial was organized. Trial lasted 40 days and was performed
in production conditions. Total number of 1264 laying hens of Lohman Brown
classic provenience were used and randomly allotted into one of four groups
by 316 hens each (C-control, I experimental, II experimental and III
experimental). All groups of hens were fed diets of standard ingredients and
chemical composition, while feed of I, II and III experimental group of hens
was supplemented with micro algae Schizochytrium spp. (DHA Gold?, Martek,
USA) as a source of n- 3 fatty acids in amount of 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 %
respectively. In order to investigate the influence of micro algae
Schizochytrium spp. feed supplementation on egg quality, from the aspect of
content and ratio of fatty acids, random egg samples (n=10) were taken at the
10th, 20th and 40th day of the trial from each group. Egg yolk fatty acid
content was determined by gas chromatography on Varian 1400 with flame
ionization detector (FID detector) (on a packed column 20% LAC-3R-728
Chromosorb WAW 80-100 mesh). Significant differences in egg yolk fatty acid
content as well as their ratio were determined between treatment groups.
Positive influence of supplemented micro algae preparation was observed.
Highest content of n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-3) was determined
in egg yolks of III experimental group while lowest content was determined in
egg yolks of control group of hens. Micro algae feed supplementation, at the
end of the trial period, positively affected egg yolk PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3
ratio, since determined ratio of 4.24 in III experimental group was more
desirable than 12.27 determined in a control group. Marine algae
(Schizochytrium spp.) feed supplementation in laying hens in amounts above
0.5% significantly affected egg yolk fatty acid composition as well as ratio
of n-6/n-3 PUFA. These findings support its use from nutritive, medical and
economic point of view.
Results of selection for breast muscle percentage and feed conversion ratio in Pekin ducks
Authors: Pingel H.
Published: November 2011

Increasing breast muscle percentage by selection for breast layer thickness
(muscle and skin) of living ducks by needle probe improves carcass quality as
could be demonstrated by experiments and by applied breeding programs. In
addition direct selection for individual feed conversion ratio can increase
the efficiency of duck meat production. Divergent selection for feed
conversion ratio from the age of 4 - 7 weeks over 11 generations has
differentiated the feed efficiency by about 25 %. Causes for the reduction in
feed conversion ratio are lower fat content of carcass, lower locomotor
activity, higher enzymatic activity (alkaline phosphatase and creatinkinase
in blood plasma) and better feed protein utilization. Because of lower feed
consumption in the line selected for lower feed conversion ratio the emission
of nitrogen and phosphorus via manure was reduced by about 39 and 26 %,
respectively. That means, selection for better feed efficiency is not only an
important economical but also an important ecological factor.
The pork meat enriched with organic selenium and its effect on selenium concentration and total antioxidant status in healthy volunteers
Authors: Bobcek B. , Mrázová J. , Mlynek J. , Bucko O. , Imrich I.
Published: November 2011

It is known that organic selenium (Sel Plex) supplemented to pig feed mixture
is significant for effective transport of essential element selenium to the
food chain. It enables to create important body deposits of selenium in
skeletal muscles and it also increases selenium transfer in natural metabolic
form of selenomethionine into functional food. The intake of feed mixture
with increased organic selenium at the dose of 0.3 mg kg-1 probably increases
selenium concentration in MSM (musculus semimembranosus) - experimental
selenium group 1.293 mg kg-1 and control group 0.513 mg kg-1 and in MLT
(musculus longissimus thoracis) - experimental selenium group 1.364 mg kg-1
and control group 0.506 mg kg-1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
selenium and total antioxidant status (TAS) in a selected group of healthy
people. Twenty-five volunteers consumed pork meat enriched with organic
selenium three times a week during one month (average age in 9 men was 51.2
years, in 16 women 39.06 years, respectively). Daily selenium intake of 110
?g was calculated by Alimenta software, version 4.3 on the basis of nutrition
statement. Recommended daily selenium intake of 50 - 200 ?g was stated by the
World Health Organization (WHO). During the research, the volunteers consumed
pork enriched with 35 ?g of selenium. At the begining the mean selenium
concentration in blood serum was at 75.41 ? 14.18?g l-1 in men, 75.21 ?
15.20?g l-1 in women. After two weeks of consumption pork enriched with
selenium, the average selenium concentration in blood serum in men and women
increased to 86.69 ? 11.72 ?g l-1 and 87.93 ? 16.22 ?g l-1 respectively. At
the end of the study the average selenium concentration decreased in men and
women to 85.75 ? 2.72 ?g l-1 to 84.07 ? 15.62 ?g l-1 respectively. In the
selected group of healthy people the total antioxidant status increased from
1,68 mmol.l-1 to 1,86 mmol.l-1 after two weeks of consumption of pork
enriched with selenium. However, at the end of the research the decrease in
TAS was recorded. Improvement in selenium status has positive impact on human
health, and thus our results could contribute to the new trends in the
production of functional food.
Dairy cows welfare quality in loose vs tie housing system
Authors: Ostojic-Andric D. , Hristov S. , Novakovic Z. , Pantelic V. , Petrovic M.M. , Zlatanovic Z. , Niksic D.
Published: November 2011

The subject of this research was to determine the effect of the housing
system on quality of welfare of dairy cattle in Serbia. Study was realized on
six farms, capacity of 30 to 900 cows, with loose and tie housing system.
Assessment of the welfare quality parameters was done by using the Welfare
Quality? Assessment Protocol for Cattle, 2009. Results of the research show
that the welfare quality of dairy animals is under the significant effect of
housing system, and that loose system has the advantage when it comes to
comfort around resting, easy of movements and health condition of cows. Share
of not lame cows (81%) and cows with no lesion (86%) was significantly higher
(p<0.01) in loose system. Indicator values: duration of lying down movements
(6.53 sec), lying down movements with collisions (18.7%) and lying outside
lying area (28.4%) in tie system were significantly higher (p<0.01) compared
to loose system indicating the inadequacy of the housing and lack of comfort.
Analysis of indicators associated with cow hygiene (dirty legs and udder) and
diseases (dystocia) points to significant gaps in management in both housing
systems which represent significant threat to cow welfare quality.
Results of one-year investigations of the contamination of dairy cattle feed and raw milk with moulds and mycotoxins
Authors: Skrinjar M. , Jakic-Dimic D. , Blagojev N. , Soso V.
Published: November 2011

The contamination of 98 dairy cattle feed samples with moulds and mycotoxins
(AB1, OTA, ZEA) was investigated. The contamination of 80 raw milk samples
with aflatoxin M1 was also tested. Determination of total viable counts per
1g of feed was performed using Koch's standard method. The content of AB1,
OTA and ZEA in feed, as well as aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples, was
determined by VICAM fluorimetric method. Results showed that 91% of all
tested samples was contaminated with moulds, and total viable mould count per
gram ranged from 10 (corn silage - spring) to 4.9 x 106 per gram (dried
alfalfa - winter). The isolated moulds belong to 20 genera and 72 species.
Results of mycotoxicological investigations showed that 42 samples of total
98 tested, were contaminated with mycotoxins. The most frequent was OTA (24
samples, 20.00 - 210.00 ?g/kg) followed with ZEA (12 samples, 250.00 - 980.00
?g/kg) and AB1 (3 samples, traces - 18.50 ?g/kg). Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk
samples wasn?t found.
Social contract theory and wider context: Some thoughts and clarifications
Authors: Stupar Milorad
Published: November 2011

In this paper certain aspects of social contract theory have been
reconsidered in the context of contemporary political community. Special
focus has been given to the meaning of the concept of coercion.
Intellectuals in power: Social patterns in the formative years of second Yugoslavia
Authors: Boskovic Dusan
Published: November 2011

Political history of the Second Yugoslavia was continuously sacral, while
secularization mainly took place within the arts? domain. The Cominform
(Informbiro) and split with the SSR opened up a space for greater freedom of
creativity (Kardelj, Djilas, Segedin) and for the abandonment of the socialist
realism and its attempt to control the content of art (Zogovic). A third
position on literature was promoted by Vladan Desnica.