bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modular organization of functional brain networks in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: shao Ziwei , Tan yongming , zhan yaru , He Laichang
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Previous studies have indicated that brain functional plasticity and reorganization in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, it remains unclear whether and how compression of the cervical cord influences the functional integration and separation between and/or within modules. This study aimed to address these questions using graph theory.
Methods
Functional MRI was conducted on 46 CSM patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The intra- and inter-modular connectivity properties of the whole-brain functional network and nodal topological properties were then calculated using theoretical graph analysis. The difference in categorical variables between groups was compared using a chi-squared test, while that between continuous variables was evaluated using a two-sample t-test. Correlation analysis was conducted between modular connectivity properties and clinical parameters.
Results
Modules interaction analyses showed that the CSM group had significantly greater inter-module connections than the HCs group (DMN-FPN: t = 2.38, p = 0.02); inversely, the CSM group had significantly lower intra-module connections than the HCs group (SMN: t=-2.13, p = 0.036). Then we calculated the nodal topological properties of all nodes that were part of exceptionally connected modules. Compared to HCs, CSM patients exhibited higher nodal topological properties in the right superior frontal gyrus, left post cingulate gyrus, left occipital, right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, left anterior cingulate cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, compared to the HCs group, CSM patients exhibited lower nodal topological properties in the sensorimotor network. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was positively correlated with inter-module connections (r = 0.330, FDR p = 0.029) but not correlated with intra-module connections.
Conclusions
This study reported altered modular connections and nodal centralities in CSM patients. Decreased nodal centralities and intra-modular connection in the sensory-motor regions may indicate sensory-motor dysfunction. Furthermore, increased nodal centralities and inter-modular connection in the DMN and the frontal–parietal network may be compensatory for sensory-motor dysfunction in CSM.
Machine Learning-Driven Microchannel Geometry and Flow Dimensionless Parameters Optimization for Maximizing Heat Transfer
Authors: Ozkat Erkan Caner , Markal Burak , Avci Mete , Aydin Orhan
Published: November 2023

Flow boiling in microchannel heat sinks provides superior cooling capacity and high heat transfer rates thanks to their favorable surface area-to-volume ratio and the utilization of the coolant’s latent heat. Despite its advantages, the transition of flow boiling in microchannel heat sinks from the laboratory to commercial use faces significant challenges. One key challenge is the lack of established methods for accurately estimating the heat transfer coefficient. Additionally, there has been notable neglect in addressing the optimization problem for finding the best flow conditions to maximize the heat transfer coefficient. Therefore in this study, five machine learning models (SVM, GPR, kNN, RF, and MLP) were initially developed to estimate the heat transfer coefficient. Performance evaluation showed that the MLP model outperformed the others based on R2, RMSE, and MAPE metrics. Subsequently, an optimization problem was formulated to determine the optimum microchannel dimensions and flow condition via dimensionless numbers that would maximize the heat transfer coefficient. The optimization results indicated microchannel dimensions of 300 µm in width (w) and 60 µm in height (h) as well as dimensionless numbers, namely Boiling number (Bo) of 0.000103, Weber number (We) of 0.1012, Reynolds number (Re) of 65.278, vapor quality (χe) of 0.0104, and Prandtl number (Pr) of 2.3757. In these optimized conditions, the heat transfer coefficient reached 34.497 kW/m2K.
Climate Change Mitigation: Consideration of Sensible Heat Emitted by Photovoltaic Solar Panels
Authors: Lucas Terry
Published: November 2023

A quantitative evaluation is made comparing the sensible heat added to the atmosphere by photovoltaic solar panels with the heat removed by the reduced fossil fuel consumption associated with the panel-generated electricity. Depending on the local natural albedo of the earth’s surface, the panels can in fact be neutral or even make negative contributions to the objective of reducing global warming. Desert regions where panels are often installed are particularly poor locations due to high natural albedo. Each location where a PV array is planned should be studied for albedo effects if the installation is to be claimed as a contributor to the mitigation of Climate Change.
Rising Climate Risk and Loss and Damage to Coastal Subsistence-oriented Livelihoods
Authors: Maina Joseph , Asamoah Ernest Frimpong , D'Agata Stephanie , GAMOYO MAJAMBO , RAKOTO PERCY , GEORGE RUSHINGISHA , OCHIEWO JACOB , JUIZO DINIS , Bosire Jared
Published: November 2023

Subsistence-oriented communities in tropical coastal areas face the greatest threat from climate change, with consequences manifesting through diminishing returns from small-scale fishing and farming ventures. The complementary climate, sustainable development, and biodiversity conservation policies target reducing climate risks, but effective policy outcomes depend on a thorough understanding of system-wide climate risk, community adaptation potential and gaps, and possible economic losses. Using four countries in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region as a case, we present a framework for quantifying climate risk to subsistence-oriented coastal communities. On average, economic losses of ecosystem services are predicted to increase with increasing climate risk, with annual losses of up to 23% and 32% of total economic value (~ US$ 516,828,468/year) under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios by 2050, respectively. A comprehensive assessment of climate risks, ecosystem service value and cost of climate inaction can inform policy actions aimed at adapting, mitigating, and compensating for the loss and damage caused by climate change.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of telemedicine and artificial intelligence-based diabetic retinopathy screening in urban and rural China
Authors: su zhixian , Li Huiyi , Zheng Yi , Xie Peiwen , Ng Tsz Kin , Qiu Kunliang , Zhang Guihua
Published: November 2023

Objective
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening with artificial intelligence (AI)-based grading in rural and urban China.
Methods
The cost effectiveness of telemedicine-based diabetic retinopathy screening with AI-based grading was compared to no DR screening in rural area and urban area from social perspective. Increment cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) using quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was calculated and compared to the per capita GDP in China 2022.
Results
The ICERs of AI and manual screening were $11132.39/QALY and $11239.22/QALY gained in rural area and $6764.12/QALY and $6923.77/QALY in urban area respectively as compared to no screening. The ICERs of both strategies were less than the threshold, and considered to be cost-effective in rural area and very cost-effective in urban area. Moreover, AI-based screening was more cost-effective than human assessor-based screening in both areas.
Conclusion
DR screenings based on fundus photography and telemedicine are both cost-effective in rural and urban area. AI-based screening is more cost-effective than human assessor-based screening, extending the application of DR screening across China.
Psychometric validation of the French version of two scales measuring general (HLS19-Q12) and navigational (HLS19-NAV) health literacy using the Rasch model
Authors: Touzani Rajae , Rouquette Alexandra , Schultz Emilien , Allaire Cécile , Carrieri Patrizia , Mancini Julien , Hardouin Jean-Benoit
Published: November 2023

Background: To examine the psychometrics properties of the French version of two scales measuring general (HLS19-Q12) and navigational (HLS19-NAV) health literacy (HL) using two validation methods based on modern psychometric test theories: a Rasch model analysis and structural equation models (SEM).
Methods: The data on representative samples of the French adult population came from the Health Literacy Survey (N=2 003), conducted in France in two waves (2020 and 2021), and from the third wave of SLAVACO study (N=2 022), conducted in December 2021. A Rasch analysis was performed using a partial credit model adapted to polytomous data. Category probability curves were used to examine whether participants found it consistently difficult to distinguish between response options. A Person Separation Index (PSI) of 0.7 has conventionally been considered to be the minimum acceptable PSI level. Chi-square fit statistics, expressed as infit and outfit mean square statistics, were calculated for each item in the two scales. An acceptable fit corresponded to average values between 0.7 and 1.3. Differential item functioning (DIF) was also examined for each item in the two scales as a function of age, gender, and economic status.
The goodness of fit of the SEM was assessed using the following indices: SRMR≤0.08; RMSEA≤0.08; CFI and TLI, good fit if close to 1.
Results: The Rasch analysis demonstrated the unidimensionality of the French version of the scales measuring general and navigational HL. The PSI values for both scales were greater than 0.90. No disordered categories were observed. No evidence of significant DIF was found when associated with gender and economic status. However, two items for both scales had a DIF which was dependent on age.
SEM indices showed adequate goodness of fit with strong significant correlation between the two latent traits.
Conclusions: Our results, based on a rigorous statistical analysis, verified the psychometric parameters of the French version of the HLS19-Q12 and HLS19-NAV scales. Despite strong correlation between both scales, each measured a different latent trait. Moreover, despite the fact that presence of DIF was weak, attention must nonetheless be paid when comparing scale response scores between young and older respondents.
Characterizing interregional differences in the rheological properties and composition of rat small intestinal mucus
Authors: Klitgaard Mette , Jacobsen Jette , Kristensen Maja Nørgaard , Berthelsen Ragna , Müllertz Anette
Published: November 2023

The mucus layer in the small intestinal is generally regarded as a barrier to drug absorption. However, the mucus layer is a complex system, and presently, only a few studies have been conducted to elucidate its physicochemical properties. The current study hypothesizes that the mucus layer contains solubility-enhancing surfactants and thus might aid the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Mucus was sampled from sections of the small intestine of fasted rats to analyze the rheological properties and determine the mucus pH and concentrations of proteins and endogenous surfactants, i.e., bile salts, polar lipids, and neutral lipids.
The mucus layer in the two proximal sections of the small intestine exhibited different rheological properties such as higher zero-shear viscosity and lower loss tangent and higher protein concentrations compared to all subsequent sections of the small intestine. The pH of the mucus layer was stable at ~ 6.5 throughout most of the small intestine, but increased to 7.5 in the ileum. The bile salt concentrations increased from the duodenum (16.0 ± 2.2 mM) until the mid jejunum (55.1 ± 9.5 mM), whereas the concentrations of polar lipids and neutral lipids decreased from the duodenum (17.4 ± 2.2 mM and 37.8 ± 1.6 mM, respectively) until the ileum (4.8 ± 0.4 mM and 10.7 ± 1.1 mM, respectively).
In conclusion, the mucus layer of the rat small intestine contains endogenous surfactants at levels that might benefit solubilization and absorption of orally administered poorly water-soluble drugs.
Creating a common understanding of organizational problems across disciplines in hospitals – a case study of stroke care delivery
Authors: Fjermeros Are , Berg Geir Vegard , Holtskog Halvor , Benders Jos
Published: November 2023

Background: Research has revealed that a lack of coordination between specialist units reduces the quality of care and leads to a waste of resources. Improved cooperation is necessary to ensure better care delivery, but not easy to achieve. To obtain sustainable improvement, medical practitioners need to have deep insights into the relevance of interdisciplinary coordination at their particular unit. In a case study we explore the development of knowledge and the effect of interdisciplinary coordination.
Methods: We present and reflect on a project to improve stroke treatment in a Norwegian hospital led by the first author. Data was obtained via documents, observations, and interviews with participants in a cross-functional improvement group.
Results: The participants developed a common understanding of why it took a long time to provide effective treatment for patients suffering from thrombotic stroke. These insights were used to implement practical changes, which led to immediate improvements in care for stroke patients. Their successful implementation set into motion a permanent improvement structure. The participants considered that mapping and then assessing the entire patient and work flow across disciplines were relevant methods for improving the quality of patient care.
Conclusion: This study provides a practical example of how improvement work can be organized in a hands-on way. The practical approach makes medical professionals discover and understand the importance of cross-disciplinary coordination for the quality of patient care.
Clinical and diagnostic values of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for infection in hematology patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Wang Jinjin , Niu Ting
Published: November 2023

Objectives
This meta-analysis will focus on systematically assessing the clinical value of mNGS for infection in hematology patients.
Methods
We searched for studies that assessed the clinical value of mNGS for infection in hematology patients published in Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to August 30, 2023. We compared the detection positive rate of pathogen for mNGS and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs). The diagnostic metrics, antibiotic adjustment rate and treatment effectiveness rate were combined.
Results
Twenty-two studies with a total of 2325 patients were included. The positive rate of mNGS was higher than that of CMT (blood: 71.64% vs. 24.82%; BALF: 89.86% vs. 20.78%; mixed specimens: 82.02% vs. 28.12%). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% CI: 81–91%) and 59% (95% CI: 43–72%), respectively. The reference standard/neutropenia and research type/reference standard may be sources of heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The pooled antibiotic adjustment rate according to mNGS was 49.6% (95% CI: 41.8–57.4%), and the pooled effective rate was 80.9% (95% CI: 62.4–99.3%).
Conclusion
mNGS has high positive detection rates in hematology patients. mNGS can guide clinical antibiotic adjustments and improve prognosis.
The Influence of Acute Lifestyle Changes on Nafld Evolution in a Multicentre Cohort: A Matter of Body Composition
Authors: Romeo Mario , Dallio Marcello , Sangineto Moris , Cipullo Marina , Coppola Annachiara , Mammone Simone , Gioia Giuseppe Di , Masarone Mario , Persico Marcello , Serviddio Gaetano , Federico Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Background
Unhealthy lifestyles represent a key element fueling Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset and worsening. We aimed to evaluate the effects of forced acute lifestyle changes on NAFLD evolution.
Methods
187 NAFLD patients were followed two years pre- and two years during the lockdown social restrictions in three Italian medical centers. For each patient, biochemical, non-invasive liver fibrosis, nutritional, and body composition data were collected.
Results
An increase in fats and carbohydrate intake associated with impaired weekly physical activity during the lockdown was demonstrated as well as an increase in body mass index and waist-hip-ratio (p < 0.0001 for all). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and transaminases worsened during the lockdown (glucose: p = 0.0007; p < 0.0001 for the others). Moreover, NAFLD fibrosis score, liver stiffness, and controlled attenuation parameter were also impaired during the same period (p < 0.0001 for all). The BIA evidenced an increase of fat mass (FM), and a reduction of free fat mass (FFM) and body cell mass (BCM) (p < 0.0001 for all). The lockdown overall HCC and Milan-out HCC occurrence revealed HR:2.398, p = 0.02, and HR:5.931, p = 0.008 respectively. A liver disease stage and comorbidities independent association between both the assessed outcomes and body composition analysis in terms of mean values and ‘variation (T1-T2 Δ) was demonstrated.
Conclusions
the acute lifestyle changes impacted NAFLD evolution via body composition modifications negatively influencing the HCC occurrence.
Atomic origin of absent superconductivity in bulk infinite-layer nickelate
Authors: Song Dongsheng , Hu Kejun , Li Qing , Jia Yingze , Liang Zhiyao , Du Haifeng , Wen Hai-Hu , Ge Binghui
Published: November 2023

The recent discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelate films has sparked significant interest and expanded the realm of superconductors, in which the infinite-layer structure and proper chemical doping are both of the essence. Nonetheless, the absence of superconductivity in bulk infinite-layer nickelates remains puzzling. Herein, we investigate atomic defects and electronic structures in bulk infinite-layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Our observations reveal the presence of three-dimensional (3D) block-like structural domains resulting from intersecting defect structures, disrupting the continuity within crystal grains, which could be a crucial factor in giving rise to the insulating character and inhibiting the emergence of superconductivity. Moreover, the infinite-layer structure, even without complete topotactic reduction, retains interstitial oxygen atoms on the Nd atomic plane in bulk nickelates, possibly further aggravating the local distortions of NiO2 planes and hindering the superconductivity. These findings shed light on the existence of structural and atomic defects in bulk nickelates and provide valuable insights into the influence of proper topotactic reduction and structural orders on superconductivity.
BBB dysfunction drives neurotoxic myeloid cells in glioblastoma and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Segura-Collar Berta , Mondejar-Ruescas Lucia , Garranzo-Asensio María , Mata-Martinez Pablo , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Sepúlveda Juan Manuel , Nuñez Ángel Pérez , Avila Jesús , Sánchez-Gómez Pilar , Gargini Ricardo
Published: November 2023

Background
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) defines the physiological function of the brain and is disrupted in multiple neuropathological diseases. Although vascular abnormalities and BBB leakage characterize glioma progression and occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), their correlation with the neurodegeneration observed in the brain parenchyma is unclear.
Methods
Using RNAseq, bioinformatics tools and a cohort of patients with Glioma and Alzheimer's disease for validation of results, we have established an analysis of BBB dysfunction and neuron loss. A mouse model for GBM pathology was also used that reversed BBB disruption and neuron loss, with the incorporation of the IDH mutation. Finally, to establish a characterization of the relevant immune populations with an IHC analysis and transcriptional profile.
Results
Molecular analysis of the brain’s ecosystem showed that gene expression signatures linked to BBB dysfunction and neuronal synapses correlate directly and inversely, respectively, with the progression of AD and gliomas. Using human samples, patient´s-derived xenografts and mice with orthotopically implanted glioma cells, we observed that neuronal loss is linked to BBB breakdown, particularly in mesenchymal tumors. This involves the extravasation of monocyte-derived macrophages, specifically those with a suppressive phenotype, along with an increase in inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our data demonstrate that vascular normalization can revert the neuronal loss and aggressiveness in these gliomas.
Conclusions
We propose that BBB dysfunction is a common brain process that drives chronic inflammation, governed by suppressive myeloid cells. These results could help us to apply common therapies to the progression of central nervous system pathologies associated with BBB dysfunction, since it functions as an enhancer through toxic neuroinflammation and myeloid dysfunction.
Penile fracture with urethral injury: A case report of rare double trouble
Authors: Hameed Farooq , Anwaar Adeel , Saeed Humayun , Noor Usman , Saleem Abdullah , Anwaar Mamoona
Published: November 2023

Background A penile fracture occurs when the tunica albuginea of penis tears during erection. Penile fracture is a rare but serious injury that occurs when the erect penis sustains a traumatic force. It is characterized by a sudden snapping or popping sound, followed by immediate pain, swelling, and discoloration. Its association with concomitant urethral injury is very rare. This case study describes such a rare case.Case Presentation In this case study, we present the case of an old man of 47 years who experienced sudden pain and lost erection with a popping sound while having sexual intercourse. There was bloody discharge from the urethral opening and showed the distinct sign of an "Eggplant Deformity." This result confirmed the diagnosis. Immediate surgical intervention revealed damage to the left corpora and urethra. The procedure involved repairing the burst corporal tissue and reconstructing the damaged urethra. The surgery went smoothly without complications. The patient reported satisfactory erectile function and normal urination on follow up visit after two months.Conclusion Penile fracture with urethral injury is a rare but serious emergency. Prompt detection and surgical intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes and minimal complications. Depending on severity, either catheterization or repair may be necessary.
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors-Induced Hypophysitis : A real-world retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Yan-Yan , Zhang Xia-Yan , Luo Song-Mei , Xu Yan-Yan , Huang Jian-Hui
Published: November 2023

Purpose:The main purposes and research question was to describe the clinical,laboratory, imageology and morphological characteristics of hypophysitis induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors,and its long-time course.
Methods: This study was conducted at our hospital between January 2020 and October 2023,with longitudinal follow-up of patients 22 cases were included.
Results: The onset time ranged from 13 days to 802 days,The main symptom of the patients were fatigue and poor appetite :about 16 cases complained of fatigue and 13 of poor appetite,other symptom have:nausea,vomiting,fever,chest and so on.All patients presented adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Serum cortisol (COR) deficiency. Two patients showed Supersellae cistern herniation underwent pituitary MRI.All patients' symptoms improved after treatment with glucocorticoids. At last follow-up, None of patients serum cortisol and ACTH were recovered .
Conclusion: Manifestations of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced hypophysitis were nonspecific, serum hormone should be closely monitored in routine work.
Control effects of electromagnetic induction on epileptic seizures
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Yang Yanying , Duan Lixia
Published: November 2023

Studies have shown that pyramidal neurons are significant in regulating seizures. Based on this, we employ a modified corticothalamic model to investigate the effect of magnetic flow on seizures by adding magnetic flow to pyramidal neurons. We first separately explore the effect of the excitatory projection (CEIN−PY) from the excitatory interneurons (EIN) to the pyramidal neuronal population (PY), the inhibitory projection (CIN−PY) from the inhibitory interneurons (IN) to PY, and the excitatory projection (CTC−PY) from the thalamic relay nucleus (TC) to PY on the epilepsy under electromagnetic induction. The findings indicate that the strong electromagnetic induction facilitates the elimination of seizures induced by pathways EIN-PY and IN-PY. However, for the seizures caused by pathway TC-PY, the electromagnetic induction triggers the system to shift from clonic seizures to spike and wave discharges (SWDs), meanwhile widens the spectrum of seizure manifestations. This further demonstrates that electromagnetic radiation has two sides. Furthermore, we use bifurcation analysis to obtain the dynamical mechanisms behind the transitions of discharge states, including fold limit cycle bifurcations, subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations. It may provide insights into the significance of electromagnetic induction in the treatment of epilepsy.
Study on grinding removal mechanism and subsurface damage of bionic layered graphene ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Zhou Yunguang , Zou Ji , Zhang Chunxue , Li Dezhen , Ma Lianjie , Li Ming
Published: November 2023

Bionic layered graphene ceramic matrix composites have excellent properties of high strength, high toughness and heat resistance, and are important materials for national defense equipment, but they are also typical brittle and difficult-to-machine materials. To achieve high quality and low damage machining of the composite parts, grinding removal mechanism and subsurface damage are investigated in this paper. Firstly, the SPH simulation models for indentation and scratching of a single diamond grain are established. The effect of addition of graphene nanosheets on the crack expansion mechanism and subsurface damage is investigated. Then, the simulation models of different angles of graphene nanosheets are established to analyze the effect of graphene anisotropy on grinding process of composites. Finally, the grinding removal mechanism of the composites is investigated by analysing crack expansion and removal forms of the composites at different scratching velocities and depths. The results show that incorporation of graphene nanosheets can reduce subsurface damage of composites and provide a certain shielding effect on the cracks. The optimal effects for reducing subsurface damage and cracks are obtained when graphene nanosheets angle is 0°. As scratching depth increases, the material removal mode gradually changes from plastic removal to brittle removal, and subsurface damage and crack depths also increases. The increase in scratching velocity leads to a subsequent increase in material strain rate, which inhibits crack generation and reduces subsurface damage depth. The form of material removal and crack generation in scratching experiments is consistent with the simulation analysis when changing the scratching depth. Furthermore, the effect of graphene nanosheets on crack deflection corresponds with the simulation results. This study can provide an important theoretical basis for the grinding process of bionic layered graphene ceramic matrix composite parts.
Nonlinear vibration and stability analysis of a clamped-clamped nonlocal strain gradient fluid-conveying nanosensor subjected to a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Feng-Xia Wu , Yan Yan , Wen-Quan Wang
Published: November 2023

In this study, the nonlinear vibration and stability analysis of fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sensor subjected to a longitudinal magnetic field are studied. Firstly, in the framework of the nonlocal strain gradient theory and the Euler-Bernoulli theory, the higher-order fluid–structure interaction (FSI) governing equation is first derived by employing the Hamilton principle. The higher order boundary conditions are then obtained using the weighted residual method. The differential transformation method (DTM) is next used to solve the six-order linear differential equation of motion, and the Galerkin method and variational iteration method are used to solve the six-order nonlinear problem. After that, dimensionless natural frequencies and the critical flow velocity—associated with divergence of nanosensor system are investigated with the rotary inertia terms, the nonlocal and strain gradient parameter, higher order boundary conditions as well as the longitudinal magnetic field. In addition, the nonlocal frequency shift percent (NFSP) and strain gradient frequency shift percent (SFSP) are further analyzed which are useful to design the fluid-conveying CNTs sensor. Finally, the influence of various fluids on critical flow velocities in nanosensors is investigated. The results provided in this work are expected to explain the experimentally-observed size-dependent phenomena in nanomechanics and to effectively design the fluid-conveying CNTs nanosensors.
Novel Prognostic Biomarkers in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Unveiled by Mega-Data Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Tan Yishuai , Zhou Jiao , Liu Kai , Liu Ruowu , Zhou Jing , Wu Zhenru , Li Linke , Zeng Jiaqi , Feng Xuxian , Dong Biao , Du Jintao
Published: November 2023

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage with a high incidence rate in Southeast Asia and Southeast China. However, the limited availability of NPC patient survival data in public databases has resulted in less rigorous studies examining the prediction of NPC survival through construction of Kaplan-Meier curves. These studies have primarily relied on small samples of NPC patients with progression-free survival (PFS) information or data from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) studies almost without NPC patients. Thus, we coanalyzed RNA expression profiles in eleven datasets (46 normal (control) vs 160 tumor (NPC)) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and survival data provided by Jun Ma from Sun Yat-sen University. Then, differential analysis, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and network analysis were performed using STRING database. After that, 2142 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3857 downregulated DEGs were screened. Twenty-five of them were identified as hub genes, which were enriched in several pathways (cilium movement, extracellular matrix structural constituent, homologous recombination and cell cycle). Utilizing the comprehensive dataset we amassed from GEO database, we conducted a survival analysis of DEGs and subsequently constructed survival models. Seven DEGs (RASGRP2, MOCOS, TTC9, ARHGAP4, DPM3, CD37, and CD72) were identified and closely related to the survival prognosis of NPC. Finally, qRT-PCR and IHC were performed to confirm the elevated expression of RASGRP2 and the decreased expression of TTC9, CD37, DPM3 and ARHGAP4, consistent with the DEG analysis. Conclusively, our findings provide insights into the novel prognostic biomarkers of NPC by mega-data bioinformatics analysis, which suggests that they may serve special targets in the treatment of NPC.
Transcriptome profiling, cloning, and characterization of AnGlu04478, a Ginsenoside Hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger NG1306
Authors: jiang mingxing , Zhu Ling , Xie Shuhan , Ren Zhen , Chen Xiu , Wen Mengliang , Yin Genshen
Published: November 2023

Minor ginsenosides exhibit superior pharmacological activity compared to major ginsenosides, yet their presence in plants is limited. Therefore, it is crucial to efficiently obtain minor ginsenosides. Specific glycoside hydrolases offer the advantage of converting major ginsenosides into specific minor counterparts under mild reaction conditions while minimizing structural damage. In this study, we utilized total ginsenosides extracted from Panax notoginseng leaves as substrates to stimulate the growth of Aspergillus niger NG1306. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Anglu04478 potentially participates in the biotransformation process of ginsenosides. Subsequently, it was cloned and expressed in Transetta (DE3). The AnGlu04478 protein was purified by Ni2+ column and its enzymatic properties were characterized. The results show that the optimum pH was 4.5 and the optimum temperature was 40°C, Cu2+ had a certain inhibitory effect on AnGlu04478, while other metal ions had little effect on it. AnGlu04478 had a certain tolerance to ethanol, and it was not significantly affected by product (glucose) feedback inhibition. Using pNPG as a substrate, the kinetic parameter Km of AnGlu04478 was 1.55 mmol/L, the Vmax was 0.014 mmol/min. The test with ginsenosides as substrate showed that it could selectively hydrolyze glucose of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc at C3, and the putative metabolic pathway was Rb1 → GypXVII, Rb2 → C-O, Rb3 → C-Mx1 → C-Mx, Rc →C-Mc1.These findings indicate that AnGlu04478 exhibits substrate promiscuity as a β-glucosidase, thereby expanding the options for ginsenosides biotransformation.
Overexpression of CDCA8 predicts poor prognosis and drug insensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gu Huiquan , Gao Xinzheng , Han Wenlong , Wang Fangyu , Zhang Hanqiang , Yao Longyu , Chen Weimin , Liu Qiang
Published: November 2023

Background
. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for the highest proportion of lung cancers; however, specific biomarkers are lacking for diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic assessment. Cell division cycle-associated 8 (CDCA8) is a cell cycle regulator with elevated expression in various cancers. However, the association between CDCA8 expression and LUAD prognosis remains unclear.
Methods.
The association between CDCA8 and LUAD prognosis was evaluated based on the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and CDCA8 related functions were determined using gene enrichment and gene ontology analyses. We also analyzed the association between CDCA8 expression and immune cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the differential expression of CDCA8 in tumors and controls. Finally, we evaluated the differences in the sensitivity of different levels of CDCA8 to different anticancer drugs in LUAD.
Results.
CDCA8 expression was significantly higher in primary LUAD tumors than in normal tissues (P < 0.001). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that high CDCA8 expression predicted poor survival in patients with LUAD (P = 0.006). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that CDCA8 was an effective guide for the diagnosis of LUAD. Functional annotation indicated that CDCA8 might be involved in functions such as p53 stabilization, nucleotide metabolism, RNA-mediated gene silencing, and the G2/M phase checkpoint. Immune infiltration results suggested that CDCA8 was positively correlated with Th2 cells and Tgd and negatively correlated with Eosinophils and Mast cells (P < 0.01). In addition, elevated expression of CDCA8 may increase the sensitivity of patients to certain anticancer drugs.
Conclusions.
CDCA8 upregulation is significantly associated with poor survival and immune infiltration in patients with LUAD. Our study suggests that CDCA8 can be used as a biomarker for LUAD prognosis and a reference for personalized medication.
Comparison of a novel predictive model with AJCC staging for predicting cancer-specific survival and overall survival in senile (≥60 years) lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Li Feiyang , Li Fang , Zhao Dong , Lu Haowei
Published: November 2023

Objective: We hope to develop a simple, rapid, and comprehensive predictive model that can evaluate the prognosis of elderly patients with lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).
Methods: Basic and clinical data on 14,117 patients ≥60 years of age diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.Independent factors affecting patients' prognosis were identified by univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses, and Nomograms of overall survival (OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS) at 1, 3, and 5 years were constructed based on the results of COX regression analyses.Using the Concordance-index (C-index), calibration curve, Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and Decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate the performance of the Nomograms.We also validated our established model with a validation set of patients and finally compared it with the AJCC staging model.
Results: We included a total of 14,117 patients, which were divided into a training set and a validation set. We used the chi-square test to compare the baseline data between the two groups, which was not statistically significant (P＞0.05); we analyzed the data from the training set using Cox univariate and multivariate regression, and found that gender, ethnicity, marital status, stage, treatment, and distant metastasis were significant independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS (P<0.05);The ROC curves were used to validate the training and validation set data after the construction was completed, and the AUC for 1, 3, and 5 years all reached above 0.75, in addition to the C-index;The consistency of the calibration curves for OS and CSS is well behaved and close to the 45°reference line;The models for OS and CSS were also analyzed using DCA, showing that the net clinical benefit of the models built in this study was higher in both the training and validation sets;Finally, we used the models built for OS and CSS to compare with the AJCC staging model, and we found that both our models outperformed the AJCC staging model in terms of predictive performance.
Conclusion: This Nomogram More Accurately Predicts Prognosis in Elderly Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients.
Association between Herpes simplex virus type1/2 infection and rheumatoid arthritis risk among adults in NHANES, 2001-2016.
Authors: Zeng Yanzhen , Liu Runzhi , Luo Fei , Wei Jingwen , Yin Songlou , Ma Hua , Zhou Dongmei
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To explore the Association between human herpes simplex virus(HSV) type 1 or type 2 infection and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis(RA), and what is this relationship.
Methods: We evaluated the associations of HSV-1/2 antibody levels with the risk of RA among U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001-2016. We developed four independent multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the association between HSV-1/2 infection and the risk for RA the population.
Results: Finally, we analyzed 1346, 1343 and 1343 subjects, respectively. In all models, HSV-1 infection significantly reduced the prevalence of RA in adults aged 18-49 years, with the lowest odds ratio (OR) (after weighting: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.72, 0.73), whereas HSV-2 infection was positively associated with an increased prevalence of RA in population aged 18-49 years, with the highest value of the OR (after weighting: OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.69, 1.69), after correction for confounders such as age, sex, race, education level, marital status, smoking,alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and missing values or removing the effect of the interaction between the two viruses, these connections still exist.
Conclusion: In summary, these findings indicated that HSV-1 infection can reduce the prevalence of RA in adults, while HSV-2 infection is positively associated with the prevalence of RA in adults. However, our findings need more powerful to prove these associations through rigorously designed prospective studies.
The potential prognostic and immunological roles of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) in uveal melanoma
Authors: Zheng Yue , Yao Yiran , Yang Ludi , Ge Tongxin , Jia Renbing , Ge Shengfang , Song Xin , Zhuang Ai
Published: November 2023

Objective
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Recently, RNA modifications have received increasing attention and have been shown to regulate tumorigenesis and immune response. However, the specific roles of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) on the prognosis, tumour immune microenvironment and immunotherapy in UM remain poorly understood.
Methods
Gene expression data and clinical data of 80 and 28 UM cases were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. Of the 26 m7G regulators, eight prognosis-related m7G regulators were identified and analyzed for their correlations with survival outcomes, immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy sensitivity. Single-cell data were downloaded and used to validate the changes in the immune microenvironment.
Results
A total of eight prognostic m7G regulators––EIF3D, EIF4E2, EIF4E3, EIF4G3, NUDT16, NUDT16L1, SNUPN and WDR4––were identified to construct a m7G-related risk model. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on this model. The high-risk group was characterized by a poorer prognosis and higher infiltration abundance of immunosuppressed CD8 T cells. Immune cell depletion markers were significantly overexpressed in high-risk patients and predicted better response to immunotherapy. Additionally, we found that m7G regulators were most closely related to the function of the monocyte/macrophage.
Conclusions
We constructed a risk model comprising eight m7G regulators with good predictive power for prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity. We also found that m7G regulators are associated with monocyte/macrophage immunity in UM. These novel findings may provide new insights into m7G regulators as prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarkers for UM and therapies targeting m7G regulators.
Helical superstructures between amyloid and collagen VI in heart-derived fibrils from a patient with Light Chain Amyloidosis.
Authors: Ricagno Stefano , Schulte Tim , Chaves-Sanjuan Antonio , Speranzini Valentina , Sicking Kevin , Mazzini Giulia , Rognoni Paola , Caminito Serena , Milani Paolo , Marabelli Chiara , Corbelli Alessandro , Diomede Luisa , Fiordaliso Fabio , Anastasia Luigi , Pappone Carlo , merlini Giampaolo , Bolognesi Martino , Nuvolone Mario , Fernandez-Busnadiego Ruben , Palladini Giovanni
Published: November 2023

Systemic light chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL) is a disease where organs are damaged by an overload of a misfolded patient-specific antibody-derived LC, secreted by an abnormal B cell clone. The high LC concentration in the blood leads to amyloid deposition at organ sites. Indeed, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revealed unique amyloid folds for heart-derived fibrils taken from different patients. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of heart-derived AL amyloid (AL59) from another patient with severe cardiac involvement. Its structure displays a stable core and two flexible segments adopting alternative conformations. Two confirmations are sterically incompatible and typically distributed on separate fibrils. Noteworthy, the fibril core harbours an extended constant domain fragment, thus ruling out the variable domain as sole amyloid building block. Surprisingly, the fibrils were abundantly concatenated with a proteinaceous polymer, here identified as collagen VI (COLVI) by immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) and mass-spectrometry. Cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) showed how COLVI wraps around the amyloid forming a helical superstructure, likely stabilizing and protecting the fibrils from clearance. Thus, here we report the first structural evidence of interactions between amyloid and collagen, potentially signifying a novel pathophysiological mechanism of amyloid deposits.
Proposal to Observe Transverse Sound in Normal Liquid 3He in Aerogel
Authors: Sharma Priya
Published: November 2023

In the Fermi liquid metallic state, a static local magnetic moment is induced on the application of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, via the Inverse Faraday Effect(IFE). The direction of this moment is along the direction of propagation of light, and the magnitude of the moment depends on the frequency of light, the temperature and various material parameters characteristic of the metal. I propose an analogous effect in the Fermi liquid state of $^3$He. A static circulating current is induced when liquid $^3$He is driven by a circularly polarized transverse acoustic wave. For liquid $^3$He filled into aerogel, the coupled system supports a low attenuation transverse sound mode. I estimate the magnitude of induced circulating currents for this system and find that these are within the range of experimental measurement in the low attenuation regime. The axis of circulation is along the direction of propagation of the acoustic wave. I propose this analogue of the inverse Faraday effect as a scheme to experimentally demonstrate the propagation of transverse sound in $^3$He-aerogel.
Association between early hyperoxaemia exposure and intensive care unit mortality in intracerebral haemorrhage - an observational cohort analysis
Authors: Earl Mark David , Maharaj Ritesh
Published: November 2023

Background Supraphysiologic levels of oxygen could have potential adverse effects on the brain. These effects may be dose and time-dependent in brain injured patients. We therefore aimed to assess whether exposure to excess supplemental oxygen, measured as time-weighted mean exposure to hyperoxaemia, was associated with Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mortality in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH).Methods In this single-centre retrospective cohort study we included all patients admitted to our ICU with a diagnosis of primary spontaneous ICH and an ICU length of stay over 24 hours. To provide a longitudinal measure of hyperoxaemia exposure we calculated the hyperoxaemia dose, defined as the area under the PaO2 time curve above the threshold PaO2 value of 13.3 kPa (100 mmHg) divided by the number of hours of potential exposure. To provide consistent potential exposure windows, nested subsets were created with progressively longer exposure periods (0–1 day, 0–2 days, 0–3 days, 0–4 days, 0–5 days, 0–6 days, 0–7 days). We used Cox regression to model the time-dependent association between hyperoxaemia dose and ICU mortality.Results Between September 2019 and July 2022, 275 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 24,588 ABG results available for analysis. Almost all patients (97.45%) were exposed to hyperoxaemia during their ICU admission. Cox regression modelling showed an association between hyperoxaemia dose and ICU mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.15, CI 1.05–1.25, p = 0.003). This association was observed in the 0–1 day exposure window in a step-function extended Cox model (HR 1.19, CI 1.06–1.35, p = 0.005) but not in any of the subsequent exposure periods.Conclusion In ICH patients admitted to ICU, early exposure to hyperoxaemia was associated with increased ICU mortality. Further prospective study is required to inform guidance on early systemic oxygen targets in ICH.