bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Headache: Epidemiology and Impact
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Bigal Marcelo E , Hamelsky, Sandra , Scher Ann I
Published: November 2023

Recurrent headache disorders impose a substantial burden on individual headache sufferers, on their families, and on society (Stovner, 2007). As noted in Chapter 3, headache disorders are divided into secondary disorders, attributable to an underlying condition, and primary disorders, such as migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and tension type headache, where there is no underlying cause. The epidemiology of secondary headache is largely determined by the epidemiology of the underlying cause. Therefore, in this chapter, we will focus on the epidemiology of primary headache disorders. Epidemiology is the study of diseases, their risk factors, causes, natural history, and burden in the population. While epidemiologic studies are often population-based, this is particularly important for headache because the disorder is so often underascertained in the health care system.
The Poetry of Sappho
Authors: Powell Jim
Published: November 2023

Today, thousands of years after her birth, in lands remote from her native island of Lesbos and in languages that did not exist when she wrote her poetry in Aeolic Greek, Sappho remains an important name among lovers of poetry and poets alike,. Celebrated throughout antiquity as the supreme Greek poet of love and of the personal lyric, noted especially for her limpid fusion of formal poise, lucid insight, and incandescent passion, today her poetry is also prized for its uniquely vivid participation in a living paganism. Collected in an edition of nine scrolls by scholars in the second century BC, Sappho's poetry largely disappeared when the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople in 1204. All that remained was one poem and a handful of quoted passages . A century ago papyrus fragments recovered in Egypt added a half dozen important texts to Sappho's surviving works. In 2004 a new complete poem was deciphered and published. By far the most significant discovery in a hundred years, it offers a new and tellingly different example of Sappho's poetic art and reveals another side of the poet, thinking about aging and about the transmission of culture from one generation to the next. Jim Powell's translations represent a unique combination of poetic mastery in English verse and a deep schlolarly engagement with Sappho's ancient Greek. They are incomparably faithful to the literal sense of the Greek poems and, simultaneously, to their forms, preserving the original meters and stanzas while exactly replicating the dramatic action of their sequences of disclosure and the passionate momentum of their sentences. Powell's translations have often been anthologized and selected for use in textbooks, winning recognition among discerning readers as far the best versions in English.
Dharmakīrti and Dharmottara on the Intentionality of Perception: Selections from Nyāyabindu (An Epitome of Philosophy)
Authors: Arnold Dan
Published: November 2023

Dignāga (c. 480–540 C.E.) and his influential successor Dharmakīrti (c. 600– 660 C.E.) were taken by most Indian philosophers as commonly exemplifying a spartan epistemology. On this view, perception (pratyak   a) and inference (anumā na) are the only two pramā as (“reliable warrants” or, we might say, “doxastic practices”). These have as their respective objects the only two kinds of things that could finally exist: unique particulars (svalak a as), and a range of abstractions (sāmā nyalak a a) that includes such things as complex wholes and universals.
The Presencing of Truth Dōgen’s Genjōkōan
Authors: Davis Bret W
Published: November 2023

Dōgen Kigen (1200–1253), founder of the Sōtō school of Japanese Zen Buddhism, is widely recognized as one of the most original and profound thinkers in the Buddhist tradition. The text translated here, Genjō kō an, is the core fascicle of his major work Shō bō genzō (Treasury of the True Dharma Eye).It is the “treasury of the true Dharma eye” that śākyamuni Buddha is said to have transmitted to his successor, Mahākāshyapa, by silently holding up a flower. This event is held to mark the beginning of the Zen tradition, which is characterized by Bodhidharma as “a special transmission outside the scriptures; not depending on words and letters; directly pointing to the human mind; seeing into one’s nature and becoming a Buddha.” Like Bodhidharma, who is said to have sat in meditation for nine years after bringing Zen (Chin. Chan) from India to China, Dōgen, too, placed great emphasis on the silent practice of “just sitting” (shikantaza).
Theravāda Texts on Ethics
Authors: Harvey Peter
Published: November 2023

The selections translated here, from the Pali canon of the Theravāda school, and supplemented by some commentarial passages, are a series of discussions of action (Pali kamma, Skt. karma) and its moral assessment. They provide a set of complementary principles of ethics. Summarizing the features discussed here, Theravāda Buddhism sees an action as reprehensible if one would not like it inflicted on oneself, and as expressing a volition that is rooted in greed, hatred, or delusion, which three states are sustained by unwise attention. A reprehensible action is akusala: it is “unwholesome/ unhealthy” in being affected by greed or other mental defilements, and “unskillful” in not being produced by wisdom. It is censurable by the wise, and generally blameworthy, as it brings harm such as that wrought by killing and stealing, and also brings affliction to others, oneself, or both. It has painful karmic consequences in this life, the next, and subsequent ones. It leads to further unwholesome states of mind, and it obstructs wisdom and leads away from nirvana. Praiseworthy actions have the opposite qualities.
Wind Talk for Woodwinds
Authors: Ely Mark C , Van Deuren Amy E
Published: November 2023

Wind Talk for Woodwinds provides instrumental music teachers, practitioners, and students with a handy, easy-to-use pedagogical resource for woodwind instruments found in school instrumental programs. With thorough coverage of the most common woodwind instruments - flute, oboe, clarinet, saxophone, and bassoon - the book offers the most topical and information necessary for effective teaching. This includes terminology, topics, and concepts associated with each specific instrument, along with teaching suggestions that can be applied in the classroom. Be sure to look to the back of the book for a “Practical Tips” section, which discusses common technical faults and corrections, common problems with sound (as well as their causes and solutions to them), fingering charts, literature lists (study materials, method books, and solos), as well as a list of additional resources relevant to teaching woodwind instruments (articles, websites, audio recordings). Without question, Wind Talk for Woodwinds stands alone as an invaluable resource for woodwinds!
Clarinet
Authors: Ely Mark C , Van Deuren Amy E
Published: November 2023

Acoustical Properties: The acoustical and physical tonal characteristics of an instrument that affect its sound quality. The clarinet is cylindrical, made of wood (sometimes plastic or metal), and has a key design similar to other wood-wind instruments. Tone is produced by the vibration of a single reed attached to a mouthpiece. These design characteristics result in a sound that accentuates odd partials (1, 3, 5, and so on). For this reason, the clarinet overblows the twelfith rather than the octave when the register key is depressed. For example, the Fingering that produces a middle C-natural (T, 1-2-3) without the register key will produce a G-natural above the staff when the register key is depressed. Only the First (fundamental) and third partials (the clarinet only produces the odd partials in the harmonic series) are used for the majority of the normal playing range. See also Acoustical Basics, page 3; Construction and Design, page 211; Harmonics, page 32 Key Questions A: Acoustically, both the clarinet and the saxophone are tubes closed at one end (i.e., the mouthpiece end) and open at the other end (i.e., the bell). However, the clarinet is generally cylindrically shaped and the saxophone is conically shaped. Predominantly, it is this design difference that affects partial strength, and ultimately, instrument timbre. The result of this design difference is that the saxophone produces the second partial (an octave)when overblown, whereas the clarinet produces the third partial (a twelfith) when overblown.
William Osler
Authors: Bliss Michael
Published: November 2023

William Osler was born in a parsonage in backwoods Canada on July 12, 1849. In a life lasting seventy years, he practiced, taught, and wrote about medicine at Canada’s McGill University, America’s Johns Hopkins University, and finally as Regius Professor at Oxford. At the time of his death in England in 1919, many considered him to be the greatest doctor in the world. Osler, who was a brilliant, innovative teacher and a scholar of the natural history of disease, revolutionised the art of practicing medicine at the bedside of his patients. He was idolised by two generations of medical students and practitioners for whom he came to personify the ideal doctor. But much more than a physician, Osler was a supremely intelligent humanist. In both his writings and his personal life, and through the prism of the tragedy of the Great War, he embodied the art of living. It was perhaps his legendary compassion that elevated his healing talents to an art form and attracted to his private practice students, colleagues, poets (Walt Whitman for example) politicians, royalty, and nameless ordinary people with extraordinary conditions. William Osler’s life lucidly illuminates the times in which he lived. Indeed, this is a book not only about the evolution of modern medicine, the training of doctors, holism in medical thought, and the doctor-patient relationship, but also about humanism, Victorianism, the Great War, and much else. Meticulously researched, drawing on many new sources and offering new interpretations, William Osler: A Life in Medicine brings to life both a fascinating man and the formative age of twentieth-century medicine. It is a classic biography of a classic life, both authoritative and highly readable.
We All Worship Him
Authors: Bliss Michael
Published: November 2023

Eighteen students, including three women, registered at the School of Medicine at Johns Hopkins in its first year, 1893–4. One man’s mother allowed him to attend only after Dr Osler had assured her that it would be a very, very good school. That was a bold commitment. The school did not have an auspicious beginning. In many ways, it was a disorganized mess. The professors, most of whom were inexperienced as pedagogues, appeared to care little for teaching and little for the students. Male professors and students cared little for the female students, except as prospective brides. And the most experienced teacher, Osler, had little to do with the students until they entered their third year in the autumn of 1895.

At that time, and for the rest of his Hopkins career, Osler became virtually everyone’s favorite professor. He could not have helped standing out by comparison with his Hopkins colleagues. But he would have shone in any faculty by the force of what everyone around him saw as a remarkable, charismatic personality.
The Great American Doctor
Authors: Bliss Michael
Published: November 2023

Osler’s first private patient in Baltimore was an important elderly gentleman, a Hopkins trustee perhaps. Osler thought he felt a pelvic tumor, diagnosed it as an inoperable sarcoma, ‘and in as gentle a way as I could, told his wife, and advised that a surgeon see the case.’ The surgeon came the next day, drained the patient’s distended bladder with a catheter, and thus disposed of the ‘tumor.’ Osler used the embarrassment as an object lesson in his teaching.

Otherwise, his private practice flourished. Consultations grew steadily in Baltimore until by the mid-90s he was seeing all the private patients he could handle and had to turn down an increasing number of requests (including, it is said, a man who then came back and read the Hippocratic Oath on his doorstep). He was consulting physician to the huge extended Osler family, to all his old friends back in Canada, to the students, nurses, doctors and their relatives at Hopkins, to the elite of Baltimore, to congressmen and several denizens of the White House, and to cases that interested him up and down the eastern seaboard and as far west as Wisconsin and Iowa.
Leaving America
Authors: Bliss Michael
Published: November 2023

February 7, 1904. The business district of Baltimore is ablaze, a terrible fire completely out of control. A strong south wind drives the flames towards the fashionable residential district where the OslerIs live. From their dining-room windows, they can see the fires lighting up the early evening sky. Having trouble with his equanimity, Osler smokes more than usual and twiddles nervously with his watch chain. He goes over to 3 West Franklin and brings back Harvey Cushing’s baby and young wife Kate. Cushing and the other latchkeyers are out of town, but Halsted joins the group. A policeman comes and tells them to prepare to evacuate, as one of the nearby blocks will soon be blown up to try to stop the fire. Grace has hired a wagon to stand by, and supervises the packing of the most precious books, silver, clothes, linen, and china. The servants prepare a final oyster supper as burning brands begin to fall on nearby roofs. Revere is awakened and dressed.
All the Youth and Glory of the Country
Authors: Bliss Michael
Published: November 2023

The Oslers had paid little attention to assassinations in the Balkans, ultimatums, mobilizations, and declarations of war by Austria, Russia, and Germany. It hardly seemed possible that Britain would be sucked in. Then German troops began marching across Belgium, violating the country’s guaranteed neutrality. Suddenly, incredibly, on Tuesday, August 4, 1914, the British Empire went to war.

Grace and Revere were literally at sea, heading for Canada aboard the Calgarian. Willy found himself stranded at Colonsay off the west coast of Scotland because all the telegraph lines and trains had been commandeered for military purposes. He could not get south until the end of the week. In London he met up with his brother Edmund, who was already engaged in war finance, and he spent the early days of August helping organize Canadian offers of medical help and doing what he could to contact friends, including William Welch, who were scrambling to leave the continent. A nephew of Grace’s who slipped across the Channel to England found himself promptly arrested as a German spy; Osler arranged his release.
Fraud
Authors: Kenny Kevin
Published: November 2023

In the decades after William Penn returned to England the Conestoga Indians continued to meet regularly with the government of Pennsylvania. In June 1717 Lieutenant Governor William Keith and his Council met to discuss “an account of some Disturbance amongst the Indians” on Conestoga Manor. The Conestogas’ leader, Civility, had sent a message to Keith with some other Indian leaders, asking him “to come to them without Delay, to consult with them about affairs of Great Importance.” Keith agreed to visit Conestoga on July 17 and sent “a belt of Wampum as a Token of friendship & Confirmacon of this message.” James Logan and the Council agreed that presents “to the value of Twenty pounds should be provided.” What the Conestogas wanted most was reassurance that their bond with Onas was intact. Keith and Logan came to Conestoga as promised in July, met with the “Chiefs & others of the Conestogoe or Mingoe Indians, the Delawares, the Shawnois & Gunawoise [Conoy],” and reiterated the government’s commitment to protect them.
Please Please Me
Authors: Thompson Gordon
Published: November 2023

Sixties British rock and pop changed music history. While American popular music dominated the record industry in the late fifties and early sixties, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Kinks, the Who, and numerous other groups soon invaded the world at large and put Britain at the center of the modern musical map. Please Please Me offers an insider’s view of the British pop-music recording industry during the seminal period of 1956 to 1968, based on personal recollections, contemporary accounts, and all relevant data that situate this scene in the economic, political, and social context of postwar Britain. Author Gordon Thompson weaves issues of class, age, professional status, gender, and ethnicity into his narrative, beginning with the rise of British beat groups and the emergence of teenagers as consumers in postwar Britain, and moving into the competition between performers and the recording industry for control over the music. He interviews session musicians who recorded anonymously with the Beatles, Hermans Hermits, and the Kinks, professional musicians who toured with British bands promoting records or providing dance music, songwriters, music directors, and producers and engineers who worked with the best-known performers of the era. The consequences of World War Two for pop music in the late fifties and early sixties form the backdrop for discussion of recording equipment, musical instruments, and new jet-age transportation, all contributors to the rise of British pop-music alongside the personalities that more famously made entertainment news. And these famous personalities traverse the pages of Please Please Me as well: performing songwriters John Carter and Ken Lewis, Lennon and McCartney, Jagger and Richards, Ray Davies, and Pete Townshend took center stage while the production teams and session musicians created the art of recording behind the doors of Londons studios. Drawing his interpretation of the processes at work during this musical revolution into a wider context, Thompson unravels the musical change and innovation of the time with an eye on understanding what traces individuals leave in the musical and recording process. Opening up important new historical and musical understandings in a repertoire that is at the core of rock music’s history, Please Please Me will appeal to all students, scholars, and fans of popular music.
From Eye to We: Richard Wright’s 12 Million Black Voices (1941), Documentary, and Pedagogy
Authors: Allred Jeff
Published: November 2023

Machiavelli merges with the people, becomes the people; not, however, some “generic” people, but the people whom he, Machiavelli, has convinced by the preceding argument—the people whose consciousness and whose expression he becomes and feels himself to be, with whom he feels identified. John Ford’s film The Grapes of Wrath (1940) closes with Ma and Pa Joad behind the wheel of their truck, fulminating about the injustices perpetrated on them by the unholy trinity of police power, corporate greed, and natural disaster. At the end of her rant, Ma Joad ends on an uplifting note: “We’re the people that live. They can’t wipe us out. They can’t lick us. We’ll go on forever, Pa, cause we’re the people.” This populist “we” totes its banner through much of Depression-era culture; it is visible, for example, in the pious yet ordinary heroes of Frank Capra films like Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) or the chanting audience-turned-chorus in Clifford Odets’s Waiting for Lefty (1935). This trope has not aged well, critically speaking, primarily because it assumes that which it should trouble.
Ringling Brothers’ Big Cats
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

On July 11, 2004, the crowds in Phoenix, Arizona, cheered for Clyde the lion. Only two years old, he was one of the youngest lions performing with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Clyde had been acquired from a lion troop in Spain and since January had been traveling with the circus. He was still a few years short of mating age and had probably not reached his full adult size.Clyde was still rather new to performances, but he bore the charismatic majesty native to his kind, and the crowds cheered. The next day, Clyde died. Feld Entertainment, Inc., which owns Ringling Bros., issued a press release saying that he had died on the circus train of unknown causes. The press statement also said that the remaining cats would be transported by truck until an internal review of conditions of transportation by train was conducted.3 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) alleged that the young lion succumbed to heat-stroke as the circus train crossed the Mojave Desert.4 Frank Hagan, a former Ringling employee, issued an affidavit to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) supporting PETA’s claims. He said that a circus supervisor had ignored repeated requests to stop the train so that the cats could receive water and that he was instructed not to speak to USDA investigators after Clyde’s death. Hagan also stated that Ringling had installed mist sprinklers in the train before USDA agents arrived to investigate the incident.
Cosmetic Surgery for Dogs
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

“Robbed of Their Tails, Robbed of Their Lives”: This headline was accompanied by a photograph of 11 transparent body bags (for puppies) in a row, each with its own label, RH 1–11. All had died after their tails had been surgically amputated without anesthetic or without long-term pain relief that would be normal for humans after a surgical amputation, say for a finger. The effects of a few seconds of intense pain and maybe a few days of moderate pain and aches at and around the site of surgery are seen as being acceptable by many breeders, and few questions are asked. Much less commonly (nobody knows exactly how often), docking can be followed by side effects that may even result in animals having to be euthanized months or years later. This chapter begins with an actual case that is quite common. An amateur breeder of weimaraners in the United Kingdom, Ms. A. was uncertain whether to have the tails of the litter of her pregnant bitch docked shortly after their birth. She telephoned her vet to arrange an appointment, only to be told that the vet did not dock unless it was for therapeutic reasons, that is, only when the tail had been damaged in some way and surgery was required for it to heal properly.
Animal Sacriﬁce as Religious Ritual The Santeria Case
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

In the spring of 1987, a controversy arose in the city of Hialeah, Florida. It began when Ernesto Pichardo, the president and priest of the Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, issued a public statement describing the church’s plan to build a worship and education center on city land that the church previously had leased. The announcement triggered discussion and debate among residents of Hialeah, some of whom were opposed to the church’s plan.1 Before the controversy subsided, the U.S. Supreme Court had become involved. The case raises issues about balancing the interests of nonhuman animals against the interests of humans—in particular, the human interests incorporated in the First Amendment protection of the free exercise of religion. The original opposition was based on moral concerns about the sacrifice of animals, a practice associated with the Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye. Members of the church practice a religion called Santeria. This religion began in the sixteenth century among Cuban slaves who had been removed from their East African homes. The slaves belonged to the Yoruba people, who practiced a traditional religion in Africa. In Cuba, the Yoruba were not permitted to practice their religion openly. They were often baptized without their consent as Christians before being forced onto the Spanish ships that took them to Cuba. In response, many Yoruba practitioners incorporated their traditional faith into the Roman Catholic religion.
Bonobos Humans’ Closest Relatives Face Extinction
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L , Orlans F Barbara , Dresser Rebecca , Morton David B , Gluck John P
Published: November 2023

In 2004, five trucks from a Western logging company pulled into Mompano, a town in Congo.1 Mompano is in the center of the habitat of the bonobo—an extremely endangered species that, along with the chimpanzee, is the closest living relative of human beings. The trucks were laden with sacks of sugar, salt, and other supplies. The loggers offered the supplies to the villagers in return for an illegal permission to cut down all of the trees in the area.
In Defense of African American Culture: Sterling A. Brown, Gunnar Myrdal, and An American Dilemma
Authors: Tidwell John Edgar
Published: November 2023

Two years after the appearance of Invisible Man (1952), novelist Ralph Ellison, in a moment of candor not intended for publication, wrote his good friend Albert Murray about the visit he had just made to Howard University. To Mur- ray, Ellison expressed shock and disappointment because the hosts at a party honoring him had asked “the most provincial questions put to me anywhere.” At this gathering were some of the best-known scholars of African American culture, including E. Franklin Frazier, Arthur P. Davis, John Lovell, and Sterling A. Brown. He continued: “Can you imagine me standing before a group of so-called leading Negro so-called scholars and saying that they had failed to define ‘Negro’ except in blood terms, and not have one open his mouth? Maybe it’s because they’re afraid” (Murray 75, emphasis added).
Mrs. Dred Scott
Authors: Velde Lea Vander
Published: November 2023

Among the most infamous U.S. Supreme Court decisions is Dred Scott v. Sandford. Despite the case’s signal importance as a turning point in America’s history, the lives of the slave litigants have receded to the margins of the record, as conventional accounts have focused on the case’s judges and lawyers. In telling the life of Harriet, Dred’s wife and co-litigant in the case, this book provides a compensatory history to the generations of work that missed key sources only recently brought to light. Moreover, it gives insight into the reasons and ways that slaves used the courts to establish their freedom. A remarkable piece of historical detective work, Mrs. Dred Scott chronicles Harriet’s life from her adolescence on the 1830s Minnesota-Wisconsin frontier, to slavery-era St. Louis, through the eleven years of legal wrangling that ended with the high court’s notorious decision. The book not only recovers her story, but also reveals that Harriet may well have been the lynchpin in this pivotal episode in American legal history. Reconstructing Harriet Scott’s life through innovative readings of journals, military records, court dockets, and even frontier store ledgers, VanderVelde offers a stunningly detailed account that is at once a rich portrait of slave life, an engrossing legal drama, and a provocative reassessment of a central event in U.S. constitutional history. More than a biography, the book is a deep social history that freshly illuminates some of the major issues confronting antebellum America, including the status of women, slaves, Free Blacks, and Native Americans.
Trait-Based Risk Assessment for Invasive Species
Authors: Keller Reuben P , Drake John M
Published: November 2023

The political justification of environmental policy generally begins from one of two points. On the one hand, a strict biocentric view supposes that society has an obligation to protect the environment. A pragmatic biocentrist would amend this assertion to include the qualification that this protection can come at some cost—but not too severe a cost—to society. On the other hand, an anthropocentric view supposes that the obligation to protect the environment only obtains insofar as it serves the long view aimed at protecting the safety and security of citizens, options on society’s future productivity, and the general welfare of humanity. The premise of this book—a book about invasive species and human economic systems—is that only the pragmatic biocentric and anthropocentric views are acceptable to society. Thus, in either case we are concerned about human welfare and costs to society as the bottom-line arbiter of acceptable policy: there are some benefits we wish to maximize, and similarly, we wish to minimize costs. Environmental policy is therefore a process of weighing costs and benefits.
Truth and Dare in Education Programs
Authors: Booth Eric
Published: November 2023

What is your answer? Based on my experience, I would guess many readers cringed slightly. Some felt the drop in the stomach that goes with the grudging compliance of a “should.” A few may have felt upbeat because they love that part of a musician’s work. It’s no surprise that responses vary. Musicians and ensembles should develop strong education programs—for reasons of advocacy, audience building, artistic generosity, and a broader range of musical expression. But I don’t want to “should” on you.
The Very Open Rehearsal
Authors: Booth Eric
Published: November 2023

“A regular live performance of classical music is powerful. A workshop exploration or a lesson about a piece of music can be powerful, too. But putting them together in this way makes it so alive for the listener. They join the extravagance of the musical experience. There is just nothing like having the real thing right there to experience together and have everyone dig into together.” Those are the words of violinist Denise Dillenbeck, describing her experience of leading very open rehearsals (VORs) as part of an ensemble, and even all on her own.
The Telling Facts of Advocacy
Authors: Booth Eric
Published: November 2023

In the overview of advocacy in the last chapter, I challenged all music teaching artists to take on the role of active advocate by aiming to change not just people’s thoughts but also their beliefs, because beliefs underlie thoughts and actions. I admitted that logic alone doesn’t prevail in the court of belief, so I detailed the kinds of communication and preparation needed when we slip into the role of advocate. That role is one all of us need to assume as often as possible, with people in authority, with family, with strangers in grocery store lines, and especially within our own ranks of musicians and fellow teaching artists—where we don’t speak with a united voice.
The Guiding Spirit
Authors: Booth Eric
Published: November 2023

A closing note for our journey together. I am guessing you didn’t read this book straight through. You sampled, skimmed, found pertinent sections, set it aside for a time, and came back. I trust you took away ideas that work for you. That’s just as it should be with a book that hopes to serve as a resource for a lifelong journey. Like a bible, it also contributes even when it spends time on the shelf, reminding you that there are others who share your beliefs and aspirations, others who care that you care. For better or worse, we belong to a fi eld that is creating itself as it goes along. This book contains the early chapters of our bible; it is my deep hope that you will write the next chapters and verses yourself.
The Brain and the Magical Number Seven
Authors: Klingberg Torkel
Published: November 2023

As mentioned above, George Miller established the hypothesis that there is a natural restriction on the human information-processing faculties that leaves us able to keep only roughly seven units in our working memory. One point of his was to transfer the bandwidth idea from information theory to psychology; in this sense the human brain could be seen as a channel of communication in which the volume of incoming information that can be stored, processed, and reproduced is fully quantifiable.
Computer Games
Authors: Klingberg Torkel
Published: November 2023

Jennifer Grinnell, who lives in Michigan, has quit her old job at a furniture company and now devotes herself fulltime to the virtual world of Second Life. Second Life is a massively multiplayer online game (MMOG), in which users hook up to the Internet to enter an imaginary 3-D environment that they can navigate, buying buildings and land and creating their own virtual objects, such as furniture and clothes, as well as their own character (called an avatar). Jennifer’s specialty is designing clothes and appearances that other players can then buy and use for their avatars. After one month in Second Life, she was earning more on the game than she was in her old job at the furniture company. After three months, she quit her day job to devote herself full-time to the game, in a world that she shares with millions of other users. Some people play just for the experience, others to earn money.
Oboe Art and Method
Authors: Schuring Martin
Published: November 2023

Oboe Art and Method is a complete and comprehensive guide to oboe technique. Author Martin Schuring, a veteran oboe performer and instructor, describes in detail all of the basic techniques of playing (breathing, embouchure, finger technique, articulation) and reed making, with expert tips and step-by-step instructions for how best to perform each of these tasks with grace and technical efficiency. Schuring’s descriptions are straightforward and articulate, designed to encourage students to focus on the basic techniques of tone production as a springboard for more nuanced artistic development. Key sections address long-tone and scale practice in ways that go beyond advice most teachers will give their pupils, and the author’s focus on embouchure development cultivates supported breathing and blowing to help provide the best foundation for aspiring oboists. In addition, he offers chapters on the practicing, instrument care and adjustment, professional development, and career development issues, all designed to help students practice meaningfully and with purpose and guide them throughout their careers with the oboe. A reliable source of practical and time-tested advice, Oboe Art and Technique will appeal to all who teach or are learning to play the oboe, whether at conservatories or in private instruction. A coherent overview of the fundamentals of technique, it will also be a terrific brush-up guide for professionals and amateur enthusiasts alike.
The Legacy of Tracy J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt
Authors: Rowland Lewis P
Published: November 2023

Tracy Putnam and H. Houston Merritt co-discovered the effectiveness of Dilantin in controlling epilepsy, a dramatic find that is still invaluable today. Now, in this engaging volume, eminent neurologist Lewis P. Rowland, MD, tells the unique story of these two key figures and their outstanding contributions to science. Rowland reveals that Putnam was a brilliant and imaginative experimentalist, but he clashed with others--including powerful neurosurgeons--and ended up dying in relative obscurity. Merritt was the practical one, an observer, fact-collector and recorder, a practitioner of what is now called "evidence-based medicine". From his early days Merritt was a popular and remarkable diagnostician, and went on to be one of the most influential neurologists in the United States, a man who trained a generation of neurologists. As Dr. Rowland recounts this dual biography, he also sheds light on the origins of modern neurology, drug development, the growth of neuroscience and clinical investigation, academic anti-Semitism, the difficult struggle to translate basic science into clinical practice, the need for controls in therapeutic trials, and many other issues.
Putnam Moves from Harvard and Boston to Columbia and New York City: In Harm’s Way
Authors: Rowland Lewis P
Published: November 2023

The Neurological Institute of New York was founded in 1909. Historical accounts laud it as the first hospital in the United States devoted to patients with neurological diseases.2,3 But that was only partly true. Neurologists in those days were called “neuropsychiatrists,” necessarily so. The specialty had originated during the Civil War, not even 50 years earlier. Neurological diseases were impervious to available treatments, and it is now difficult to think of a single condition other than epilepsy that could have been treated effectively with a drug or surgery. Another push for the hybrid term came from patients, who felt stigmatized by a psychiatric diagnosis and preferred to be admitted to a neurological hospital rather than an psychiatric hospital. Besides, psychiatrists were mostly in charge of asylums hidden in distant sites, remote from big cities. From the beginning and continuing for more than 50 years, many—perhaps even most—patients admitted to the institute probably had psychiatric disorders. Since the 1950s, however, advances in neuroscience have totally transformed the specialty, moving treatment to center stage for many conditions, even though giant public health challenges remain to this day; Alzheimer disease claims more than 4 million people now, and Parkinson disease is closing in on another million.
Phenytoin and the Road from Psychoanalysis to Psychopharmacology
Authors: Rowland Lewis P
Published: November 2023

In 1938, when Putnam and Merritt demonstrated the value of phenytoin in treating convulsive disorders, there was only one other effective drug, phenobarbital, which had limited value because it made people sleepy. Bromides had been used but had more annoying adverse effects. For 20 years or so, phenytoin and barbiturates were virtually the only drugs that served as anticonvulsants. Phenytoin not only filled a major gap but also opened the way to the development of other new drugs. By the end of the twentieth century, the standard textbook of pharmacology listed 13 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).1 Several of these new drugs have other uses, including the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Two themes influenced these developments. One was the simultaneous rise of both psychoanalysis and physical or biological treatments for psychiatric conditions. The second theme was the descent of both approaches to treatment with the advent of drug therapy for disorders of mood or behavior. Psychiatrists were central to these changes, but the turmoil involved neurologists, basic neuroscientists, and drug companies.
Making the American Self
Authors: Edwards Jonathan , Lincoln Abraham
Published: November 2023

Originally published in 1997 and now back in print, Making the American Self by Daniel Walker Howe, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of What Hath God Wrought, charts the genesis and fascinating trajectory of a central idea in American history. One of the most precious liberties Americans have always cherished is the ability to "make something of themselves"--to choose not only an occupation but an identity. Examining works by Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and others, Howe investigates how Americans in the 18th and 19th centuries engaged in the process of "self-construction," "self-improvement," and the "pursuit of happiness." He explores as well how Americans understood individual identity in relation to the larger body politic, and argues that the conscious construction of the autonomous self was in fact essential to American democracy--that it both shaped and was in turn shaped by American democratic institutions. "The thinkers described in this book," Howe writes, "believed that, to the extent individuals exercised self-control, they were making free institutions--liberal, republican, and democratic--possible." And as the scope of American democracy widened so too did the practice of self-construction, moving beyond the preserve of elite white males to potentially all Americans. Howe concludes that the time has come to ground our democracy once again in habits of personal responsibility, civility, and self-discipline esteemed by some of America's most important thinkers. Erudite, beautifully written, and more pertinent than ever as we enter a new era of individual and governmental responsibility, Making the American Self illuminates an impulse at the very heart of the American experience.
Virgil’s Experience
Authors: Jenkyns Richard
Published: November 2023

This book studies Virgil's ideas of nature, history, sense of nation, and sense of identity. It is exact and patient in its probing for nuance and detail, but also bold, wide, and original in its scope. It combines the study of Virgil with the study of attitudes to nature throughout antiquity. Blending literature with history, and in the case of Lucretius, philosophy, it offers a vision and an interpretation of the culture of the 1st century BC as a whole. It argues that Lucretius and Virgil affected a revolution in Western sensibility; claiming that a book about poetry should be a book about life, it combines scholarship and precision with a sense of the importance of literature and its capacity to enhance our understanding of our past and of ourselves.
The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece
Authors: Jeffery L H
Published: November 2023

This is the only modern work to survey in depth the inscriptions of Greece before 403 BC. Since its first publication in 1961, the body of material available for study has increased substantially, and the size of the Supplement in this reissue is a clear measure of that growth. The new pages are partly the work of Anne Jeffery, and partly that of her pupil Alan Johnston. The original text attempts to reconstruct, for Greek inscriptions from the eighth to the fifth centuries BC, a chronological system (divided tentatively into twenty-five year periods) similar to those already generally accepted for Greek sculpture and pottery. It includes surveys of the origin and dissemination of the alphabet among the city states, the development and content of early inscriptions, and the techniques of the craftsmen, followed by a discussion of the inscriptions of each state. Each section contains a list, with bibliography, of all significant inscriptions, while numerous photographs and facsimiles of the inscriptions provide an important instrument of control. The approach is primarily archaeological, but account is taken also of the many historical, philological, and artistic problems involved. `This is a monumental, an altogether superb, book ... It is a book worth waiting for, a major work for reading and for reference, in its field incomparable, and a contribution to the history of our civilization.' Classical World
The Transmission
Authors: Jeffery L H
Published: November 2023

It is now time to try to reconstruct the signs and sounds of the letters in the first Greek alphabet, including further such secondary changes as occurred, through error or other causes, when the alphabet spread among the rest of the Greeks. As a reminder of their Phoenician models, the Greek letters are here written in their earliest form, i.e. from right to left;4 the Phoenician (=Ph) precede them, in square brackets.
The Peloponnese
Authors: Jeffery L H
Published: November 2023

The Corinthian beta has been called an artificial derivation from pi, to avoid confusion with the epsilon. 1 I incline to think rather that it arose from an incorrect rendering of the primitive beta-type in which the ‘hooks’ are not closed (as in There, Naxos-Paros, Argos, Gortyn in Crete), the lower hook of the Corinthian beta being twisted in the reverse direction.2 This may have been done deliberately, because of the epsilon; but in Melos, where the epsilon is normal, the twisted beta is also used, and so it is perhaps more likely that it was an original error, and that the curious Corinthian epsilon, which I assume to be a doublet from closed heta, slipped into its form the more readily because there was no cause for confusion with beta. The proper direction should then be given by the top hook, but the distinction is not always observed (cf. the painter Timonidas, 15).
The Eastern Greeks
Authors: Jeffery L H
Published: November 2023

Of the twelve cities of southern Aiolis mentioned by Herodotos (i. 149)-Kyme, Larisa, Neon Teichos, Temnos, Killa, Notion, Aigiroessa, Pitane, Aigaiai, Myrina, Gryneia, and Smyrna-only Larisa, Temnos, and Smyrna have yet produced any archaic inscriptions; and Smyrna early became Ionic (cf. Ionic Dodekapolis 69). There are two from Pergamon in Mysia, and isolated examples have been found in the Troad at Sigeion, 1 Neandria, Kebrene, Thymbra, Assos, and Skepsis. Very little has been found on Lesbos, and nothing from Tenedos but her coinage. Nevertheless, these scattered fragments between them reveal an alphabet which is of considerable interest, for it is not identical with the Ionic, nor can it be precisely identified with the script of the Aiolic states of mainland Greece. As the material is very scanty, I propose to discuss the letter-forms with the inscriptions, with no separate table of letter-forms.
The Oman Peninsula during the Early and Mid-Second Millennium BC
Authors: Potts D T
Published: November 2023

The recovery of the archaeological heritage of the Oman peninsula during the second millennium BC began during the Danish campaign of 1962-3 with the discovery of several objects of second-millennium date in reused Hafit-period graves in Buraimi. While surveying northern Ras al-Khaimah in February 1968, B. de Cardi and D. B. Doe encountered nineteen long-burials of a previously unknown type in an exensive area of ruins near the Shihuh village of Shimal. The finds made amidst the debris of one already robbed grave included a fragmentary incised steatite vase of a new type. In 1970-1 K. Frifelt excavated several second-millennium graves on Qarn Bint Sa’ud, north of Al Ain. It was her 1972 discovery and excavation of several graves in the Wadi Suq, above Sohar, and her surface collection at similar ones in the Wadi Sunaysl, near ‘Ibri, however, which were to prove particularly significant. The ceramics and steatite found in the plundered graves in the Wadi Suq constituted a selection of what has come to be considered typical of the second millennium.
North-Eastern Arabia during the Hellenistic Period
Authors: Potts D T
Published: November 2023

The region known traditionally as al-Bahrain or al-Hasa, and since the administrative reform of 1953 as the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia,! has been of enduring interest to students of Arabia’s relationship with the Graeco-Roman world ever since the publication of the pioneering works of D’Anville, Sprenger, and Glaser. Unstable, indeed anarchic political conditions prior to the foundation of the present Saudi monarchy precluded most exploration in the region, but several early reports of sites and finds dating to the Hellenistic period should be noted. Inscriptions were noted in the Qatif area, for example, at the beginning of the last century.5 A description of the ruins of Thaj survives from 1865. From the second period of Ottoman rule comes an extremely interesting if generally neglected anonymous report, . dating to 1899, on archaeological sites in and around al-Hofuf.
Bahrain from the Hellenistic Era to the Sasanian Period
Authors: Potts D T
Published: November 2023

Despite their prominence in ancient Greek and Latin botanical sources, the Bahrain islands have been slow to reveal their later pre-Islamic past. Moreover, much of the archaeological work conducted to date on sites of this period has not been published, so that the student of Hellenism in Arabia is at a double disadvantage. Nevertheless, the remains thus far unearthed on Bahrain are not insignificant, and great strides have been made, particularly in the last decade, in refining the ceramic chronology of Bahrain during the centuries between the Achaemenid and Sasanian empires, in locating and excavating an important pre-Islamic fortress, and in exposing the burial patterns of the period.
Conclusion
Authors: Potts D T
Published: November 2023

In concluding this work, I do not intend to write a summary of what has already been said. Throughout the text, questions have been raised, problems discussed, and answers ventured wherever possible, and on these I have no more to add at the present time. Rather, in bringing this work to a close, I should like to discuss certain general issues which have not been addressed in the main body of the text but which are nevertheless worthy of some consideration.