bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of associated and multiple autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kakleas Konstantinos , Kossyva Lydia , Korona Anastasia , Kafassi Nikolitsa , Karanasios Spyridon , Karavanaki Kyriaki
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition characterised by the presence of antipancreatic antibodies. The autoimmune process is also directed against other organs, most frequently against the thyroid gland, intestinal mucosa, and gastric parietal cells.Methods: Our investigation included 121 children with T1DM with a mean age±standard deviation of 11.99±4.63 years (range, 2.0–20.0 years). We explored the frequency of associated autoimmunity; the presence of predictive factors such as current age, sex, and severity at diabetes diagnosis; T1DM duration; and family history of autoimmunity.Results: Associated autoimmunity was present in 28.9% of T1DM patients. Children with associated autoimmunity were older at diabetes diagnosis (p=0.009) and had a longer diabetes duration compared to children without associated autoimmunity (p=0.044). Adolescents aged 12–20 years had a statistically significant higher chance of developing thyroid autoimmunity compared to children aged 1–5 years (p=0.019). Multiple autoimmunity (MA), T1DM, and 2 or more autoimmune diseases were present in 5.8% of the study population. All children with MA presented with ketoacidosis at diabetes diagnosis and had a higher percentage of familial autoimmunity (p=0.042). The familial autoimmunity of these patients most frequently affected ≥3 relatives (p=0.026) and was more frequently diagnosed before 5 years of age (p=not significant).Conclusion: Associated autoimmunity was present in almost one-third of T1DM patients. Significant associations with associated autoimmunity were longer diabetes duration, female sex, older age at diabetes diagnosis, and glutamic acid decarboxylase positivity. Predictors of MA were age <5 years at T1DM diagnosis, the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, and a significant family history of autoimmunity.
An International Comparison of Enablers of Individual Readiness for Change: The Case of Executives Working in France, GCC and India
Authors: Saïd Karim , Nair Abhilash S.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the components that foster individual readiness for organizational change. To address this question, we conducted an international comparison of the perception of managers at different levels of organizational hierarchy. This research employed a quantitative survey research design administrated to two hundred and fifty-six employees, in different hierarchical levels in organizations, from France, GCC (Arab states of the Gulf Cooperation Council) and India enrolled in several executive training programs. Our research supports the idea the perception of the change process unlike the context of change is a significant determinant of employees’ readiness for change. The study controls for key individual antecedents of change readiness. Accordingly, we have shown that readiness for change may vary according to nationality and hierarchical position of an individual. We conclude that successful implementation of change cannot be reached without a need for change being established, which can be triggered and nurtured through the appropriate change management processes.
Information on Resource Utilisation for Operational Planning in Port Hinterland Transport
Authors: Wide Per , Roso Violeta
Published: November 2021

To meet increased freight flows through maritime ports, a high level of resource utilisation in hinterland transport is of crucial importance. However, various perspectives on resource utilisation create issues with use of information for operational decisions in port hinterland. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of information related to resource utilisation for operational planning in port hinterland freight transport to facilitate its improvement. The study is case-based, and the data is collected through semi-structured interviews, visual observations, and company documents. The findings are analysed with a framework built from literature emphasising different resource utilisation perspectives and the use of information in road freight transport chain decisions. The findings show that the use of information on resource utilisation in operational freight transport decisions in the port hinterland transport system is limited and lacks a complete system overview. Instead of the information on measured parameters, different types of estimates of efficiency parameters (including resource utilisation) are commonly used for operational planning decisions. The information about the measured indicators has to be combined with other information to obtain an efficient level of resource utilisation; otherwise, it could generate incorrect assumptions regarding utilisation. The paper contributes to the topic of operational freight transport planning by describing the use of information on resource utilisation.
Graded conjunction “not only” and its correlates
Authors: Wang Xuejian
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the functionality of conjunction “not only” with its various correlates. The author establishes its peculiarities that distinguish it from other graded conjunctions: meaning, relation to pretext, variety of correlates, and typical absence of correlate. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by its inclusion in the study of linguistics of the text, and namely linguistic units that fulfill connecting function in the text. The goal lies in determination of peculiarities of the conjunction “not only” and its correlates. The article employs introspective-inductive and descriptive methods. The research presses need to continue studying the text, methods of achieving its cohesion, and expressive means in the context. The conclusion is made that the conjunction “not only” can be qualified as binary graded conjunction with certain peculiarities. Its uniqueness lies in specific manifestation of the gradation meaning; textual character (reference to pretext); instability of its composition; absence of correlate characteristic to this conjunction. Thus, “not only” performs the function of a conjunction and a text bond. The novelty of this research consists in describing the functionality of conjunction “not only” with its various correlates.
Phases of cortical actomyosin dynamics coupled to the neuroblast polarity cycle
Authors: Oon Chet Huan , Prehoda Kenneth E
Published: November 2021

The Par complex dynamically polarizes to the apical cortex of asymmetrically dividing Drosophila neuroblasts where it directs fate determinant segregation. Previously, we showed that apically directed cortical movements that polarize the Par complex require F-actin (Oon and Prehoda, 2019). Here, we report the discovery of cortical actomyosin dynamics that begin in interphase when the Par complex is cytoplasmic but ultimately become tightly coupled to cortical Par dynamics. Interphase cortical actomyosin dynamics are unoriented and pulsatile but rapidly become sustained and apically-directed in early mitosis when the Par protein aPKC accumulates on the cortex. Apical actomyosin flows drive the coalescence of aPKC into an apical cap that depolarizes in anaphase when the flow reverses direction. Together with the previously characterized role of anaphase flows in specifying daughter cell size asymmetry, our results indicate that multiple phases of cortical actomyosin dynamics regulate asymmetric cell division.
Ripples reflect a spectrum of synchronous spiking activity in human anterior temporal lobe
Authors: Tong Ai Phuong S , Vaz Alex P , Wittig John H , Inati Sara K , Zaghloul Kareem A
Published: November 2021

Direct brain recordings have provided important insights into how high-frequency activity captured through intracranial EEG (iEEG) supports human memory retrieval. The extent to which such activity is comprised of transient fluctuations that reflect the dynamic coordination of underlying neurons, however, remains unclear. Here, we simultaneously record iEEG, local field potential (LFP), and single unit activity in the human temporal cortex. We demonstrate that fast oscillations within the previously identified 80–120 Hz ripple band contribute to broadband high-frequency activity in the human cortex. These ripple oscillations exhibit a spectrum of amplitudes and durations related to the amount of underlying neuronal spiking. Ripples in the macro-scale iEEG are related to the number and synchrony of ripples in the micro-scale LFP, which in turn are related to the synchrony of neuronal spiking. Our data suggest that neural activity in the human temporal lobe is organized into transient bouts of ripple oscillations that reflect underlying bursts of spiking activity.
The entorhinal cortex modulates trace fear memory formation and neuroplasticity in the mouse lateral amygdala via cholecystokinin
Authors: Feng Hemin , Su Junfeng , Fang Wei , Chen Xi , He Jufang
Published: November 2021

Although fear memory formation is essential for survival and fear-related mental disorders, the neural circuitry and mechanism are incompletely understood. Here, we utilized trace fear conditioning to study the formation of trace fear memory in mice. We identified the entorhinal cortex (EC) as a critical component of sensory signaling to the amygdala. We adopted both loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments to demonstrate that release of the cholecystokinin (CCK) from the EC is required for trace fear memory formation. We discovered that CCK-positive neurons project from the EC to the lateral nuclei of the amygdala (LA), and inhibition of CCK-dependent signaling in the EC prevented long-term potentiation of the auditory response in the LA and formation of trace fear memory. In summary, high-frequency activation of EC neurons triggers the release of CCK in their projection terminals in the LA, potentiating auditory response in LA neurons. The neural plasticity in the LA leads to trace fear memory formation.
ZHX2 promotes HIF1α oncogenic signaling in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fang Wentong , Liao Chengheng , Shi Rachel , Simon Jeremy M , Ptacek Travis S , Zurlo Giada , Ye Youqiong , Han Leng , Fan Cheng , Bao Lei , Ortiz Christopher Llynard , Lin Hong-Rui , Manocha Ujjawal , Luo Weibo , Peng Yan , Kim William Y , Yang Lee-Wei , Zhang Qing
Published: November 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly lethal disease, which warrants the critical need to identify new therapeutic targets. We show that Zinc Fingers and Homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) is amplified or overexpressed in TNBC cell lines and patients. Functionally, depletion of ZHX2 inhibited TNBC cell growth and invasion in vitro, orthotopic tumor growth, and spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, ZHX2 bound with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family members and positively regulated HIF1α activity in TNBC. Integrated ChIP-seq and gene expression profiling demonstrated that ZHX2 co-occupied with HIF1α on transcriptionally active promoters marked by H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, thereby promoting gene expression. Among the identified ZHX2 and HIF1α coregulated genes, overexpression of AP2B1, COX20, KDM3A, or PTGES3L could partially rescue TNBC cell growth defect by ZHX2 depletion, suggested that these downstream targets contribute to the oncogenic role of ZHX2 in an accumulative fashion. Furthermore, multiple residues (R491, R581, and R674) on ZHX2 are important in regulating its phenotype, which correspond with their roles on controlling ZHX2 transcriptional activity in TNBC cells. These studies establish that ZHX2 activates oncogenic HIF1α signaling, therefore serving as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Elevated FBXO45 promotes liver tumorigenesis through enhancing IGF2BP1 ubiquitination and subsequent PLK1 upregulation
Authors: Lin Xiao-Tong , Yu Hong-Qiang , Fang Lei , Tan Ye , Liu Ze-Yu , Wu Di , Zhang Jie , Xiong Hao-Jun , Xie Chuan-Ming
Published: November 2021

Dysregulation of tumor-relevant proteins may contribute to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. FBXO45 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is frequently elevated expression in human HCC. However, it remains unknown whether FBXO45 is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and how to treat HCC patients with high FBXO45 expression. Here, IHC and qPCR analysis revealed that FBXO45 protein and mRNA were highly expressed in 54.3% (57 of 105) and 52.2% (132 of 253) of the HCC tissue samples, respectively. Highly expressed FBXO45 promoted liver tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Mechanistically, FBXO45 promoted IGF2BP1 ubiquitination at the Lys190 and Lys450 sites and subsequent activation, leading to the upregulation of PLK1 expression and the induction of cell proliferation and liver tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. PLK1 inhibition or IGF2BP1 knockdown significantly blocked FBXO45-driven liver tumorigenesis in FBXO45 transgenic mice, primary cells, and HCCs. Furthermore, IHC analysis on HCC tissue samples revealed a positive association between the hyperexpression of FBXO45 and PLK1/IGF2BP1, and both had positive relationship with poor survival in HCC patients. Thus, FBXO45 plays an important role in promoting liver tumorigenesis through IGF2BP1 ubiquitination and activation, and subsequent PLK1 upregulation, suggesting a new strategy for treating HCC by targeting FBXO45/IGF2BP1/PLK1 axis.
A recombinant protein containing influenza viral conserved epitopes and superantigen induces broad-spectrum protection
Authors: Li Yansheng , Xu Mingkai , Li Yongqiang , Gu Wu , Halimu Gulinare , Li Yuqi , Zhang Zhichun , Zhou Libao , Liao Hui , Yao Songyuan , Zhang Huiwen , Zhang Chenggang
Published: November 2021

Influenza pandemics pose public health threats annually for lacking vaccine that provides cross-protection against novel and emerging influenza viruses. Combining conserved antigens that induce cross-protective antibody responses with epitopes that activate cross-protective T cell responses might be an attractive strategy for developing a universal vaccine. In this study, we constructed a recombinant protein named NMHC that consists of influenza viral conserved epitopes and a superantigen fragment. NMHC promoted the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and induced CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th1, Th2, and Th17 subtypes. Mice vaccinated with NMHC produced high levels of immunoglobulins that cross-bound to HA fragments from six influenza virus subtypes with high antibody titers. Anti-NMHC serum showed potent hemagglutinin inhibition effects to highly divergent group 1 (H1 subtype) and group 2 (H3 subtype) influenza virus strains. Furthermore, purified anti-NMHC antibodies bound to multiple HAs with high affinities. NMHC vaccination effectively protected mice from infection and lung damage when exposed to two subtypes of H1N1 influenza virus. Moreover, NMHC vaccination elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that cleared the virus from infected tissues and prevented virus spread. In conclusion, this study provides proof of concept that NMHC vaccination triggers B and T cell immune responses against multiple influenza virus infections. Therefore, NMHC might be a candidate universal broad-spectrum vaccine for the prevention and treatment of multiple influenza viruses.
Virus-derived sequences from the transcriptomes of two snail vectors of schistosomiasis, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus from Kenya
Authors: Liu Sijun , Zhang Si-Ming , Buddenborg Sarah K. , Loker Eric S. , Bonning Bryony C.
Published: November 2021

Schistosomiasis, which infects more than 230 million people, is vectored by freshwater snails. We identified viral sequences in the transcriptomes of Biomphalaria pfeifferi (BP) and Bulinus globosus (BuG), two of the world’s most important schistosomiasis vectors in Africa. Sequences from 26 snails generated using Illumina Hi-Seq or 454 sequencing were assembled using Trinity and CAP3 and putative virus sequences were identified using a bioinformatics pipeline. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and coat protein sequences to establish relatedness between virus sequences identified and those of known viruses. Viral sequences were identified from the entire snail holobiont, including symbionts, ingested material and organisms passively associated with the snails. Sequences derived from more than 17 different viruses were found including five near full-length genomes, most of which were small RNA viruses with positive sense RNA genomes (i.e., picorna-like viruses) and some of which are likely derived from adherent or ingested diatoms. Based on phylogenetic analysis, five of these viruses (including BPV2 and BuGV2) along with four Biomphalaria glabrata viruses reported previously, cluster with known invertebrate viruses and are putative viruses of snails. The presence of RNA sequences derived from four of these novel viruses in samples was confirmed. Identification of the genome sequences of candidate snail viruses provides a first step toward characterization of additional gastropod viruses, including from species of biomedical significance.
Heteropelta boboi n. gen., n. sp. an armored archosauriform (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the Middle Triassic of Italy
Authors: Dalla Vecchia Fabio Marco
Published: November 2021

Heteropelta boboi is a new archosauriform reptile from the upper Anisian of northeastern Italy represented by a fragment of dorsal armor with a row of neural arches of the dorsal vertebrae. The dorsal armor of the new taxon is composed of two columns of paramedian osteoderms and at least six columns of lateral osteoderms. Unlike other armored archosaurs, the osteoderms are imbricated with the posterior osteoderm overlapping the anterior one. The low neural arches bear small neural spines and long postzygapophyses. The osteoderms of the lateral columns increase in size and change in shape from the most medial to the most lateral columns. Among the Archosauriformes, only the non-archosaur proterochampsians Vancleavea campi, Litorosuchus somnii, and the doswelliids have dorsal armor comprised of more than two columns of osteoderms per side, but the morphology and arrangement of their osteoderms is unlike those of the new Italian taxon. A cladistic analysis of Archosauromorpha positions Heteropelta boboi as either a basal phytosaur or a basal suchian. However, a second cladistic analysis focused on armored archosaurs alternatively positions the new taxon as a basal archosauriform, basal suchian, basal loricatan or crocodylomorph. Better resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of Heteropelta boboi will likely be obtained only with the discovery of cranial and postcranial remains associated with its diagnostic armor elements.
Quartz Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Das Sujan Kanti , Nath Mithun Rani , Das Rajib Chandra , Mondal Manas , Bhowmik Snahasis
Published: November 2021

Compression molding has produced quartz-reinforced polyester composites (QPCs) weighing 10 to 40 per cent quartz relative to the weight of unsaturated polyester resin. Synergistic changes were made in the composite properties and were superior to those of the individual components. The composite's physical and  mechanical properties such as bulk density, water absorption , tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness have illustrated the competency of the composite being developed. It was found that for the resultant composite examined, the percentage of water absorption is very small. However, when quartz content were increased, water absorption grew very slowly. Enhancement of mechanical properties strongly corresponds to strong adhesion force of quartz with the matrix and it influenced by well-disperse quartz particles on the whole surface of composite. This paper also performed thermal characterization of the composites. Because of these remarkable properties, as prepared composite can find applications in packaging, fuel cell, solar cell, structural materials and households purposes.
Conceptual Developments in Environmental Law: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Carreño Santiago M. Álvarez
Published: November 2021

This paper’s point of view is that environmental law translates this particular evolutionary point in time into principles and rules, and highlights that given the extent and significance of the grave issues we are confronting, concepts that come from other sciences need to be dealt with carefully to ensure these are interpreted and implemented effectively. The grave concern about conservation of the environment and the urgent need for effective measures to protect it is a sign of the times, and it is growing deeper in view of the rapidly worsening climate crisis. Environmental law studies demonstrate that there is a line of force based on fluid, fruitful dialogue between different fields of knowledge. Lawyers are aware of the achievements made in environmental law, as well as its manifest deficiencies and limitations, and, just like Theseus who momentarily loses the golden thread offered by the bold Ariadne, they must find a way out of that labyrinth.
Relationship of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a with Distribution of Yellowstripe Scad (Selaroides leptolepis) in East Coastal Waters of North Sumatra
Authors: Sitorus Hasan , Harahap Zulham Apandy , Zianida Tifani
Published: November 2021

The east coast of North Sumatra is part of the Malacca Strait, a highly utilized fishing area. One of the commodities that can be harvested is the Yellowstripe Scad (Selaroides leptolepis). Through oceanography parameters, specifically temperature and chlorophyll-aconcentrations, it is possible to determine optimal fishing grounds which can be used as guidelines. One of the satellites that can detect sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentrations is Aqua (EOS PM),which is equipped with a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Data on the Yellowstripe Scad (Selaroide sleptolepis) were obtained from the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port (OFP). Based on the analysis of MODIS images from the Aqua satellite, the sea surface temperature of theeast coastal waters of North Sumatra in 2012 - 2016 ranged from 29oC – 32oC with chlorophyll-a concentrations ranging from 0.19 - 5.26 mg/m³. The largest harvest occurred during the west monsoon with a value of 143.46 tons and the lowest was during the east monsoon with a value of 139.87 tons. Yellowstripe Scad harvest has a negative correlation with the sea surface temperature with a correlation value of -0.365. Chlorophyll-a concentrations and harvest amount have a positive correlation value of 0.660. Yellowstripe Scad is predicted to yield the largest harvest during the west monsoon (December-February) between the Asahan and Labuhanbatu Regencies at coordinates 2.68oN - 2.74oN and 100.37oE - 100.44oE.
Importance of Variability Pattern Analysis for Malnutrition Information Score to Improve Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zubair Muhammed , Khan Shakeel , Khalid Usman , Kashif khan Muhammed
Published: November 2021

Background: Morbidity and mortality envisaged by chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a health menace throughout the world. Complications, incidence, prevalence, the impact of dietary recommendations, risk factors, outcome, and management strategies have not been rationalized due to several adversities resulting in escalated death rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate and establish a malnutrition information score (MIS) as a means of ease of CKD prevention and progression. MIS underlies the consistencies in findings through MIS show higher values can be corroborated to recommend the augmentation parameters in utilizing MICS techniques and other healthcare types of equipments. 

Methods: A randomized, non-biased sampling of patients presenting to dialysis unit with their maintenance schedule program in the nephrology department of Medical Unit-3 of PIMS, Islamabad were introspected for inclusions. Personal history, BSF thickness and MAC values were measured, and MAMC was calculated by = MAC – (3.1416 x TSF). The study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, PIMS, Islamabad for a duration of six months.

Results: The study conducted across 59 male patients and 33female patients indicate that males are more susceptible to CKD than females as evidenced by clinical stability of 67%. Appetite loss, degree of severity, Co-morbidity, BMI, MIS range, and clinical stability status of 100 study participants show variable indices indicating the stress on personal and family history of the patients. MIS pose as an indicator for determining the apt Malnutrition-Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) and other types of equipments for treating CKD. 

Conclusion: CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis analyzed for dietary balance affirm the utility of MIS in determining the MICS and other types of healthcare equipments indirectly in ensuring reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Microbial Load in Kitchen Dish Wash Scrubber
Authors: Harini P. , Muralidharan N. P.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Kitchen sponges are most commonly used cleaning equipment. These sponges were heavily contaminated with the microorganisms which acts as a carrier of food borne diseases. It provides favourable conditions for the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. It acts as a reservoir of pathogens and a vector of cross contamination. Proper sanitization techniques must be followed to avoid cross contamination.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbial load in used kitchen dish wash scrubbers.

Materials and Method: Twenty dish wash scrubbers were collected in a sterile disposable container. Moisture was removed by drying the scrubber. The procedures were conducted after 5 days. Measured the weight of the scrubber weighing 1 gram and soaked it in 500 ml of sterile saline for 30 minutes, agitated it and transferred 10 microliter to the media. And identified the organisms by the growth characters on the media for the possible pathogens.

Result: From the growth characters the organisms identified were Coliform, Bacillus and Staphylococcus.

Conclusion: This study showed that scrubbers were not clean and were at increased risk of food poisoning. Kitchen sponges were highly contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria which might be transferred from the overall kitchen environment to food contact surfaces and consequently cause food contamination.
An Overview on Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Dermoied Cyst: Simple Review Article
Authors: Hamad Morcy Hesham Mohamed , L. Alanazi Feryal Ayed , Oqla Alanazi Waad Mohammed , Awwad Alanazi Marwa Mutlaq , Aldahmshi Haifa Suaylm Khalaf
Published: November 2021

The most common neoplastic ovarian lesions in teens are mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) or dermoid cysts. Little is known about the cause of dermoid cysts. Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone have been suggested to stimulate the sebum components of these tumors, which may explain why MCTs grow after puberty and stop growing after menopause. MCTs are often asymptomatic and are randomly identified during examination or diagnostic imaging. MCTs show a special appearance during ultrasonography. Most studies suggest that  most  ovarian dermoid cysts can be successfully treated surgically using laparoscopic surgery. Reduced adhesion formation is one of the benefits of laparoscopic treatment for dermoid cysts. Studies also suggest that laparoscopy causes less blood loss. Less hospitalization and less postoperative pain. And there are fewer postoperative problems than the laparotomy approach. In this article, we will look at the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dermoid cysts in the ovary.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Huldani . , Uinarni Herlina , Fauziah . , Gunma San , Zaini Muhammad
Published: November 2021

We reported a case report of a 50-year-old woman with stroke hemorrhage due to subarachnoid hemorrhage with hypertensive urgency, left ventricular hypertrophy, and dyslipidemia. Subarachnoid hemorrhage indicates the presence of blood in the subarachnoid space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater which usually results from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. The patient presents with decreased consciousness preceded by severe headache and projectile vomiting. In physical examination, we found hypertensive emergencies and positive meningeal signs, neck stiffness, and positive Brudzinski. CT scan shows bleeding in the pontocerebellar cistern and ventricular system. The patient was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and emergency hypertensive. The patient was hospitalized in the neurology ward of Ulin Hospital for 20 days with the management of antihypertensive, neuroprotectant, other symptomatic medications, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. The patient was then discharged home in a stable condition.
Causes and Management of Acute Abdominal Pain in Children: A Review Article
Authors: Alanazi May Abdullah S. , Alsharari Abdulaziz Muslih Muhaylan , Alanazi Ibrahim Awadh R. , Alanazi Abdulaziz Mashan R.
Published: November 2021

Acute abdominal pain is one of the commonest prevalent grievances in children, and it frequently requires emergency room diagnosis and management. Abdominal pain in children differs with age, concomitant symptoms, and pain site. While most cases of acute abdominal embarrassment are self-limiting and benevolent, there are certain diseases that can be life-threatening and necessitate instant care, such as appendicitis, intussusception, or intestinal obstruction. To decide the cause of acute abdominal pain and recognize children with surgical conditions, scrupulous history taking and numerous physical checkups are mandatory.The most important and realistic first goal in the evaluation of acute AP is to distinguish between surgical and nonsurgical situations, which are further divided into urgent and non-urgent categories. A thorough history and physical examination, laboratory investigations to evaluate comorbidity, and imaging scans are usually used for these purposes. Management decisions should necessitate teamwork between the emergency room physician, a surgeon, and a radiologist. Consecutivereassessment and symptomatic treatment with hardworking follow-up are necessary for management as soon aspossible in urgent disorder.
Public’s Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Hypertension
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. , Alanazi Othman S.
Published: November 2021

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the public’s knowledge and beliefs on hypertension and its treatment in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study included a survey was used to collect demographic data of the respondents and the response to the main questions of the survey that were close-ended questions.

Results: Most of the respondents agreed that aging (81.17), family history (74.06%), smoking (69.46%), eating fatty foods (80.33), and overweight (83.26%) are risk factors of developing hypertension. Additionally, more than 90% agreed that regular physical exercise reduces hypertension and 89.54% of them agreed that more salt consumption increases blood pressure.    

Conclusion: The respondents had a good knowledge about hypertension and how to prevent it. But still more health education about hypertension prevention and blood pressure control was needed.
A Cohort Study to Determine the Prevalence of Pulmonary Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Shah Shahtaj Adil , Ahmed Atif , Das Sant , Kumar Maesh , Kumar Naresh , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Adil Syed Salman , Noor Syed Shahid
Published: November 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an ailment that has an effect on the lungs in cases of pleural inflammation; it affects the lower as well as upper lung airways. Other effects of the disease can be seen in interstitial lung problems (parenchyma) and pulmonary vasculature.

Aim: Evaluating the occurrence of pulmonary manifestations in RA patients was the objective of this study.

Methods: An observatory method that was cross-section in nature was employed in this study which was held in the Rheumatology and Medicine department, Jinnah Medical and Dental College Karachi Pakistan for the one-year duration from June 2020 to June 2021. Eighty subjects were included in this study, and all of them underwent a general examination, their medical history was taken into account. Several lab tests were performed on the patients, ESR, BUN, CRP, HRCT, ALT, radiological investigations, and chest X-rays were included.

Results: In this study42 percent of patients presented with pulmonary manifestations. About 45.70 percent of the patients presented with abnormalities in the spirometry test, 42.85 percent showed HRCT abnormalities. The HRCT scores vary with age, TJC (Tender Joint Count), ESR, and SJC.FEV, 1 HRCT, and FCV showed a negative correlation among each other. However other variables did not show any statistically significant correlation.

Conclusion: RA showed the prevalence of pulmonary affection, and this can be observed in pulmonary and radiological functions. There was an associationof age, pulmonary functions, and ESR.
A Cross Sectional Study on Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Lung function Parameters
Authors: Aamer Nasrullah , Memon Waseem Raja , Memon Shahzad , Kalhoro Muhammad Amjad , Tunio Yar Muhammad , Das Sant , Keerio Niaz Hussain
Published: November 2021

Chronic hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2 DM) is associated with ongoing damage, dysfunction, and failure of many organs, particularly the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, lungs, blood vessels and the diabetic patients may have considerable reductions in lung functioning. Diabetes Mellitus, Peak Expiratory Flow, and Fasting Blood Sugar are some of the terms used in this study. One hundred T2 DM patients, ranging in age from 30-70 years old and of either gender, were submitted to spirometry, vital parameters were recorded, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were evaluated, and healthy controls were a matched. Diabetics forced vital capacity (FVC) ranged from 1.51 to 4 (Liters) with a mean of 2.4 ±0.6SD, whereas controls' FVC ranged from 2.2 to 4.74 with a mean of 3.14 ±0.7SD and a significant P value. (P<0.001) diabetics peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) ranged from 188 to 459 (liters per minute) with a mean of 288 ±70SD, whereas controls PEFR ranged from 243 to 571 with a mean of 373±74 and a significant P-value. When compared to male diabetics, the PEFR in female diabetics was 239 ±38SD with a significant P-value. Spirometric parameters in male diabetics were found to be insignificant when compared to healthy controls (P <0.001). In both sexes, HbA1c and FBS were shown to be extremely significant when compared to controls. Variable PEFR in healthy controls and in the lung function was found to be impaired in female diabetics, but male diabetics had a normal PEFR.
Estimation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Width with Golden Proportion in Undergraduate Students
Authors: Khatri Irfan , Shaik Jamshed Ahmed , Bashir Uzma , Jabbar Abdul , Shaikh Usman Bashir , Mustafa Muhmmad , Memon Abdul Bari
Published: November 2021

Aim: To estimate the frequency of coinciding width of maxillary front teeth and golden proportion ratio in undergraduate students.

Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Liaquat Medical University Hospital from June 2019 to January2020.

Methodology: Total numbers of 96 students with maxillary anterior teeth were selected in this study. Appropriate size of upper maxillary impression of maxillary arch was made using alginate impression material with manufacturer prescribed instructions. The cast was retrieved between one and three hours of pouring. Digital caliper was used to measure for the spaces in the. The final recordings were entered in proforma. The data was analyzed by SPSS version-20.

Results: Among the participants 65% were males and 35% females. The mean age of the participants was 21.02±1.88 years. Rate of coinciding was significantly high in 18 to 20 years of age (p=0.032).Coinciding width of maxillary anterior teeth and golden proportion ratio was significantly high in 1st year student (p=0.038)

Conclusion: It was concluded that esthetics in dentistry cannot be justified mathematically and individuals should not be standardized. Whereas the dentists should follow few fundamental guidelines in the planning for esthetic treatment, it should be acknowledged that esthetics alters from person to person. That’s why it is important to consider the dento-facial specificities of every person and the inconstant natural tooth proportion during restoration or replacement of the maxillary front teeth.
Updates in Health Care of Adolescents: A Simple Review Article
Authors: Mohamed Hassan Tag Elkhatim , Alanazi Rawan Dubas , Alanazi Nawal Saud B. , Alanazi Itizaz Hatim R. , Alanazi Razan Ahmed Muaythif
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify what topics adolescents would like to have discussed or addressed when visiting family physicians and to assess the extent to which such discussion is taking place. The main health issues in adolescents are; injuries as intentional injuries are the leading cause of death and disability among adolescents. Violence, mental health, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, HIV/AIDS, other infectious diseases and early pregnancy and childbirth. There seems to be a need for more comprehensive health education in schools and for health professionals, particularly general practitioners, to opportunistically address these problems in their adolescent patients. Also parents should take their teens to their GP for treatment for these problems, hoped their doctor would be comfortable with such treatment, and wanted their doctor to discuss these problems with their teens.
Assess the Knowledge of Family Care Givers Regarding Haemodialysis
Authors: Oriel Abha Adlina , Linson C. C.
Published: November 2021

Chronic kidney disease is a slow and progressive loss of kidney function over a period of several years. Eventually, a person will develop permanent kidney failure. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of family care givers regarding hemodialysis of chronic renal failure patients in selected hospitals of Jabalpur. The research design selected for this study was descriptive in nature. The target population for this study was family care givers and the method of sampling was purposive sampling. The sample size was 50.A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and the study findings revealed that knowledge of family care givers regarding hemodialysis of chronic renal failure patients was inadequate.
Assess the Knowledge of Women on Zinc Supplementation with ORS in the Management of Diarrhea
Authors: Patel Rakhi , Linson C. C.
Published: November 2021

The assessment is utilized to evaluate and to get a proper information from the mothers or ladies with regard to the utilization of the zinc supplementation with the Oral rehydration salts for the great approach and to see the future aspects of management of diarrhea. With a purpose of inspecting the study was carried out to investigate the 100 mothers. The survey approach was carried out to gather maximum information regarding the advantages of adding zinc with the ORS in the management of diarrhea. This was carried out through the information poll. The data was analysed and visualised using graphs, tables, and descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings of the current study indicate that the majority of 63 percent of moms received an average score of 41 to 60 percent, while the lowest score was in the 1% of women who had a very excellent score of 81 to 100 percent. Only 2% of moms received a poor mean knowledge score in the range of 21 to 40%, and not a single mother received a score of less than 0%. The overall mean knowledge score of mothers regarding the benefits of supplementing the zinc with the ORS in the management of diarrhea was 17.24 %. According to the study's findings, the mother is the most important factor in enhancing the child's health. Mothers are an important element of the health-care sector because they have the power to change a child's health. She has the potential to make a significant difference in the family's overall health. Mothers need to be well-informed so that they can strive to apply various preventative measures to avoid infections like diarrhoea, for the sake of their children's safety. As a result, the nation's health is dependent on the mother's wisdom. Mother's knowledge of various health-related services needs to be updated and upgraded.
Surveillance of Biomedical Waste Practices in a Multi Speciality Hospital, its Evaluation and Audit
Authors: Kulkarni Ketaki V. , Pathak Niranjan P.
Published: November 2021

Aims: To assess the knowledge of Biomedical waste (BMW) categories, colour coding, transport, storage & disposal of Biomedical waste among the healthcare workers.

Study Design: Cross sectional.

Place and Duration of Study: Multi speciality Hospital, Pune, over the duration of 1 month.

Methodology: A predesigned questionnaire containing closed-ended questions was used to conduct this cross sectional study on HCWs. The data related to awareness & knowledge about various aspects of Biomedical waste amongst the Healthcare workers was collected.

Results: Out of total 100 Healthcare workers (HCWs), 40 doctors were correctly knowing all the categories of Biomedical waste. 45 doctors & 40 nursing staff (total 85 out of 100 HCWs) could answer correctly the questions on colour coding of BMW. Only 30 doctors & 21 nursing staff could answer correctly about BMW transport. 25 doctors &18 nurses could answer correctly the questions related to BMW storage & disposal.

Conclusion: The vigorous & repeated training & evaluation is needed to bridge the observed knowledge gaps amongst the HCWs.
A Mini-Review on Chitosan Microsphere Drug Delivery
Authors: Reddy Cinnayyagari Mahesh , Krishnan S. Parimala , Reddy Challa Balashekar
Published: November 2021

The study aims to determine the drug therapy of any disease to attain the desired therapeutic concentration of the drug in plasma or at the site of action and maintain it for the entire duration of treatment. A drug on being used in conventional dosage forms leads to unavoidable fluctuations in the drug concentration leading to under medication or overmedication and increased frequency of dose administration as well as poor patient compliance. To minimize drug degradation and loss, to prevent harmful side effects and to increase drug bioavailability various drug delivery and targeting systems are currently under development. Handling the treatment of severe disease conditions has necessitated the development of innovative ideas to modify drug delivery techniques. Drug carrier systems include polymers, micelles, microcapsules, Liposomes and lipoproteins etc. Different polymer carriers exert different effects on drug delivery. Synthetic polymers are usually no biocompatible, non-biodegradable and expensive. Natural polymers such as chitin and chitosan are devoid of such problems. Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic natural polymer with excellent film-forming ability. Being of cationic character, chitosan is able to react with polyamines giving rise to polyelectrolyte complexes. Hence chitosan has become a promising natural polymer for the preparation of microspheres or nanospheres and microcapsules. This review focuses on the preparation, characterization of chitosan microspheres and their role in novel drug delivery systems. This review also aims to include the process variables factors that affect the release of drugs from the microspheres.
Serum Vitamin D Status its Associated Health Problem in Children with PEM
Authors: Dhulse Pallavi S. , Mourya Archana
Published: November 2021

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is an overall scourge with late gauges showing that more prominent than 50 % of the worldwide populace is in danger. Protein-energy malnutrition is probably going to be related with nutrient D admission insufficiency. The point of this review was survey serum vitamin D and its related medical issue in youngsters with protein energy ailing health Vitamin D deficiency is on the rise as a major public health problem in India. Majority of the population in India resides in areas receiving ample sunlight throughout the year; still vitamin D deficiency is a problem of growing concern 1, 2, 3. Skin complexion, poor sun exposure, vegetarian food habits and lower intake of vitamin D fortified foods could be attributing to the high prevalence of VDD in India.

Objective: To assess serum vitamin D status its associated health problem among children with protein energy malnutrition.

Methods: Evaluatory study cross sectional research design used to assess serum vitamin D status its associated health problem in children with Protein energy malnutrition in selected hospital of Wardha. 40 sample size taken who fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Non probability convenience sampling is used.

Expected Results: This study is planned to assess serum vitamin D its health problem in children with Protein energy malnutrition. Hence, it expected that significant association between serum  vitamin D level and its  health problem (Weakness, lethargy, pain, developmental delay, fracture).
CDK5 interacts with MST2 and modulates the Hippo signalling pathway
Authors: Passi Mehak , Stöckl Jan B. , Fröhlich Thomas , Moser Simone , Vollmar Angelika M. , Zahler Stefan
Published: December 2024

MST2 (STK3) is a major upstream kinase in the Hippo signalling pathway, an evolutionary conserved pathway in regulation of organ size, self‐renewal and tissue homeostasis. Its downstream effectors are the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ. This pathway is regulated by a variety of factors, such as substrate stiffness or cell–cell contacts. Using a yeast two‐hybrid screen, we detected a novel interaction between the kinases MST2 and CDK5, which we further confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation experiments. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is an unusual member of the family of cyclin‐dependent kinases, involved in tumour growth and angiogenesis. Although a link between CDK5 and Hippo has been previously postulated, the mode of action is still elusive. Here, we show that knockdown of CDK5 causes reduced transcriptional activity of YAP and that CDK5 influences the phosphorylation levels of the Hippo upstream kinase LATS1. Moreover, a phosphoproteomics approach revealed that CDK5 interferes with the phosphorylation of DLG5, another upstream kinase, which regulates the Hippo pathway. Hence, CDK5 seems to act as a signalling hub for integrating the Hippo pathway and other signalling cascades. These interactions might have important implications for the use of CDK5 inhibitors, which are already in clinical use for tumour diseases.
Multifactorial Induction of a “Scleroderma‐Like Pattern” Without Underlying Connective Tissue Disease: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Nigro Angelo
Published: December 2024

A 60‐year‐old man with a significant 20‐year history of smoking, averaging approximately 20 cigarettes per day, presented with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Over the preceding three months, the patient reported recurrent episodes of acrocyanosis and erythema of the hands that were primarily induced by cold exposure. A capillaroscopy conducted in November 2024 revealed a “scleroderma‐like pattern” that was characterized by enlarged capillaries, megacapillaries, and a capillary density of fewer than eight capillaries per millimeter. Comprehensive immunologic and instrumental assessments demonstrated no evidence of systemic involvement or autoimmune disease. This case emphasizes the need to recognize the substantial role of cardiometabolic risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, in contributing to capillaroscopic abnormalities that may mimic systemic sclerosis. In this patient, the cumulative impact of these cardiometabolic factors culminated in the establishment of an “scleroderma‐like pattern” observed on nailfold capillaroscopy.