bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of thermal convection of Giesekus fluid in a square cavity with the elliptical column
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Guo Bo , Si Xinhui
Published: January 2024

The convection heat transfer of a viscoelastic Giesekus fluid between a square cavity and a heated inner elliptical column is considered by the open source software OpenFOAM. When the Prandtl number is 7, physical parameters, such as Rayleigh number (103≤Ra≤107), the long semiaxis of the inner elliptical column (0.2H≤a≤0.4H), Weissenberg number (1≤Wi≤100), mobility factor (0≤α≤0.5), and the polymer viscosity ratio (0.1≤β≤0.9), are investigated. These combined effects are discussed using streamlines, thermal field distributions, and average Nusselt numbers. The numerical results are validated by the comparison with other numerical and experimental ones. The high Rayleigh number destroys the symmetry of the streamlines of the Giesekus fluid, which is a phenomenon not present in Newtonian fluids. At the same time, the high Rayleigh number enhances the flow and heat transfer while exacerbating the instability, leading to periodic oscillations in both flow and heat transfer. The variations of multi-physics fields are analyzed for the cases such as strong elasticity without shear thinning, medium elasticity with medium shear thinning, and weak elasticity with strong shear thinning effects. Stronger elasticity favors the enhancement of flow and heat transfer in viscoelastic fluids, and this effect is more significant when the Weissenberg number is small.
Ingesting GOES-16 fire radiative power retrievals into Warn-on-Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS-Smoke)
Authors: Jones Thomas , Ahmadov Ravan , James Eric , Pereira Gabriel , Freitas Saulo , Grell Georg
Published: January 2024

Background The record number of wildfires in the United States in recent years has led to an increased focus on developing tools to accurately forecast their impacts at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Aims The Warn-on-Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS-Smoke) was developed to improve these forecasts using wildfire properties retrieved from satellites to generate smoke plumes in the system. Methods The WoFS is a regional domain ensemble data assimilation and forecasting system built around the concept of creating short-term (0–6 h) forecasts of high impact weather. This work extends WoFS-Smoke by ingesting data from the GOES-16 satellite at 15-min intervals to sample the rapidly changing conditions associated with wildfires. Key results Comparison of experiments with and without GOES-16 data show that ingesting high temporal frequency data allows for wildfires to be initiated in the model earlier, leading to improved smoke forecasts during their early phases. Decreasing smoke plume intensity associated with weakening fires was also better forecast. Conclusions The results were consistent for a large fire near Boulder, Colorado and a multi-fire event in Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas, indicating a broad applicability of this system. Implications The development of WoFS-Smoke using geostationary satellite data allows for a significant advancement in smoke forecasting and its downstream impacts such as reductions in air quality, visibility, and potentially properties of severe convection.
SonoTransformers: Transformable acoustically activated wireless microscale machines
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Shi Zhan , Ahmed Daniel
Published: January 2024

Shape transformation, a key mechanism for organismal survival and adaptation, has gained importance in developing synthetic shape-shifting systems with diverse applications ranging from robotics to bioengineering. However, designing and controlling microscale shape-shifting materials remains a fundamental challenge in various actuation modalities. As materials and structures are scaled down to the microscale, they often exhibit size-dependent characteristics, and the underlying physical mechanisms can be significantly affected or rendered ineffective. Additionally, surface forces such as van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces become dominant at the microscale, resulting in stiction and adhesion between small structures, making them fracture and more difficult to deform. Furthermore, despite various actuation approaches, acoustics have received limited attention despite their potential advantages. Here, we introduce “SonoTransformer,” the acoustically activated micromachine that delivers shape transformability using preprogrammed soft hinges with different stiffnesses. When exposed to an acoustic field, these hinges concentrate sound energy through intensified oscillation and provide the necessary force and torque for the transformation of the entire micromachine within milliseconds. We have created machine designs to predetermine the folding state, enabling precise programming and customization of the acoustic transformation. Additionally, we have shown selective shape transformable microrobots by adjusting acoustic power, realizing high degrees of control and functional versatility. Our findings open new research avenues in acoustics, physics, and soft matter, offering new design paradigms and development opportunities in robotics, metamaterials, adaptive optics, flexible electronics, and microtechnology.
Chapter 9. Gestural mimesis as “as-if” action
Authors: Müller Cornelia
Published: January 2024

It is argued that gestural mimesis involves “as-if” actions that explain the transition from practical and literal actions with the hands to communicative actions of the hands. Concerning the term and the concept “pantomime,” it is suggested that it be primarily reserved for artistic practice and used for this type of communicative action only with great care. Given the fundamental role of mimesis to gestures (hand-gestures as well as full body gestures), it is proposed that gestures in general be conceived of as “mimetic expressive movements” – no matter whether they are used in the presence or absence of spoken or signed language. In order to underline the continuity between gestures created on the spot and conventionalized gestural forms, It is suggested to use the term miming or mimesis no matter whether gestures replace or accompany language. The chapter offers an introduction to the theoretical motivations and illustrates the empirical and methodological implications of this proposal. It first sketches three key aspects of an approach to gestures as mimetic expressive movements, then shows that mimesis grounds gestures with different communicative functions, illustrating its emergent productivity along the dynamics of different types of discourse and briefly touches upon dynamics in terms of historical change and how this affects the kinesics and the meaning of gestures. Finally, it is briefly indicated how conceiving of gestures as mimetic expressive movements affects the methodology for gesture analysis.
How can the global temperature increase be explained to students?
Authors: De Luca R , Lamberti V
Published: January 2024

The temperature increase of the system Earth-atmosphere can be described by means of a parallelism between the leaking bucket’s dynamics and the energy balance between the incoming radiant power from the Sun and the outcoming net heat flow rate to outer space. The analogy is interesting from a didactical point of view, since the stable fixed point of the temperature can be related to the height of the water inside the leaking bucket in the presence of a fixed fluid flow rate. Qualitative predictions of global temperature increase for increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be obtained by reducing the outcoming net heat flow rate, using buckets with smaller orifices.
Boundary asymptotics of non-intersecting Brownian motions: Pearcey, Airy and a transition
Authors: Neuschel Thorsten , Venker Martin
Published: January 2024

We study n non-intersecting Brownian motions, corresponding to the eigenvalues of an n × n Hermitian Brownian motion. At the boundary of their limit shape we find that only three universal processes can arise: the Pearcey process close to merging points, the Airy line ensemble at edges and a novel determinantal process describing the transition from the Pearcey process to the Airy line ensemble. The three cases are distinguished by a remarkably simple integral condition. Our results hold under very mild assumptions, in particular we do not require any kind of convergence of the initial configuration as

n
→
∞

. Applications to largest eigenvalues of macro- and mesoscopic bulks and to random initial configurations are given.
New Liouville type theorems for the stationary Navier–Stokes, MHD, and Hall–MHD equations
Authors: Cho Youseung , Neustupa Jiří , Yang Minsuk
Published: January 2024

We establish new Liouville-type theorems for weak solutions of the stationary Navier–Stokes equations, stationary magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations and stationary Hall–MHD equations under some conditions on the growth of certain Lebesgue norms of the velocity and the magnetic field.
Zeeman effect of isotopes of Kr and Xe investigated at the linear plasma device PSI-2
Authors: Sackers M , Marchuk O , Dipti D , Ralchenko Yu , Ertmer S , Brezinsek S , Kreter A
Published: January 2024

Laser absorption spectroscopy provides high-resolution spectra of atomic transitions that reveal many often inaccessible features. The line shapes of krypton and xenon measured in magnetized plasmas are strongly affected by the contribution of the odd-numbered isotopes 83Kr, 129Xe and 131Xe due to their hyperfine structure, creating more challenging spectra in comparison to even-numbered ones. The lines originating from metastable levels of krypton and xenon with J = 2 (Kr I 760.4 nm) and J = 0 (Kr I 785.7 nm, Xe I 764.4 nm) were measured and analyzed in the linear plasma device PSI-2 in the field range of 22.5 mT–90 mT. Evaluating the Hamiltonian, including hyperfine and Zeeman interaction terms for these magnetic field strengths, unveils a deviation from the linear energy shift of the sublevels as a function of the magnetic field and from constant relative intensities that the weak field formulas provide. We prove that modeling the transitions in Xe using the weak field approximation, frequently used in magnetized plasma, becomes inadequate at ≈50 mT. In particular, the spectra of the 131Xe isotope show pronounced deviations from the weak field results. For krypton, however, the situation is less critical compared to xenon due to the low natural abundance of the odd-numbered isotope.
Thermomechanical description of shape memory alloys using the preisach model
Authors: Alvares Thiago Q , Dornelas Vanderson M , Oliveira Sergio A , Savi Marcelo A
Published: January 2024

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are adaptive materials that exhibit complex thermomechanical behaviors due to multiphysics coupling. The thermomechanical modeling of SMAs is a complex task due to several phenomena involved, and the Preisach model is an interesting alternative to describe the SMA hysteretic behavior based on experimental data. This paper deals with the description of the thermomechanical behavior of SMA using the Preisach model. Experimental tests are performed considering NiTi pseudoelastic wires subjected to different load conditions, establishing reference cases. Afterward, the Preisach model is employed to describe the SMA behavior. Numerical simulations are carried out and compared with the experimental data showing a good agreement. Other experimental data available in the literature are employed to investigate different macroscopic behaviors related to SMAs, including strain-temperature relations of wires and force-displacement relations of springs. Results show that the model is able to describe the thermomechanical behavior of SMAs, being in close agreement with experimental data. Preisach model has advantages such as a simple numerical implementation when compared to phenomenological and thermodynamic-based models, being an interesting approach useful for a wide range of applications that include different macroscopic behaviors.
A novel inclined membrane contact model for analyzing the pneu-net soft actuator lateral wall contact
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Xiaojie
Published: January 2024

Pneu-net soft actuators are widely used in the soft robotics society owing to their light weight, high deformation, and fast response. This paper presents a novel theoretical framework to model the static analysis and contact mechanics of pneumatic soft actuators undergoing large deformations. While most soft robots exhibit complex material behaviors, we show that their mechanics can be accurately captured through the fundamental principles of elasticity and contact theories. The core contribution is an inclined membrane contact model that elegantly transforms the complex three-dimensional contact between angled surfaces into an equivalent problem of horizontal contact, enabling the use of established contact solutions. This model is integrated with an energy-based solution for elastic deformation to fully characterize soft actuator bending. The generalizable modeling approach is applied to the example of a pneumatic net actuator, with comprehensive validation against finite element analysis and experiments. This work advances a fundamental understanding of soft machine statics and contact mechanics while providing an analytical tool for the design and control of deformable actuators. The flexible theoretical framework presented can be extended to diverse interdisciplinary problems involving moving surfaces in contact.
Mode entanglement in fermionic and bosonic Harmonium
Authors: Ernst Jan Ole , Tennie Felix
Published: January 2024

Mode entanglement in many-body quantum systems is an active area of research. It provides crucial insight into the suitability of many-body systems for quantum information processing tasks. Local super-selection rules must be taken into account when assessing the amount of physically accessible entanglement. This requires amending well-established entanglement measures by incorporating local parity and local particle number constraints. In this paper, we report on mode entanglement present in the analytically solvable system of N-Harmonium. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first analytic study of the physically accessible mode and mode-mode entanglement of an interacting many-body system in a continuous state space. We find that super-selection rules dramatically reduce the amount of physically accessible entanglement, which vanishes entirely in some cases. Our results strongly suggest the need to re-evaluate intra and inter-mode entanglement in other fermionic and bosonic systems.
Real-space decomposition of p-wave Kitaev chain
Authors: He D K , Ma E S , Song Z
Published: January 2024

We propose an extended Bogoliubov transformation in real space for spinless fermions, based on which a class of Kitaev chains of length 2N with zero chemical potential can be mapped to two independent Kitaev chains of length N. It provides an alternative way to investigate a complicated system from the result of relatively simple systems. We demonstrate the implications of this decomposition by a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Kitaev model, which supports rich quantum phases. The features of the system, including the groundstate topology and nonequilibrium dynamics, can be revealed directly from that of sub-Kitaev chains. Based on this connection, two types of Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-pair order parameters are introduced to characterize the phase diagram, showing the ingredient of two different BCS pairing modes. Analytical analysis and numerical simulations show that the real-space decomposition for the ground state still holds true approximately in presence of finite chemical potential in the gapful regions.
Catalysis in action via elementary thermal operations
Authors: Son Jeongrak , Ng Nelly H Y
Published: January 2024

We investigate catalysis in the framework of elementary thermal operations (ETOs), leveraging the distinct features of such operations to illuminate catalytic dynamics. As groundwork, we establish new technical tools that enhance the computability of state transition rules for ETOs. Specifically, we provide a complete characterisation of state transitions for a qutrit system and special classes of initial states of arbitrary dimension. By employing these tools in conjunction with numerical methods, we find that by adopting a small catalyst, including just a qubit catalyst, one can significantly enlarge the set of state transitions for a qutrit system. This advancement notably narrows the gap of reachable states between ETOs and generic thermal operations. Furthermore, we decompose catalytic transitions into time-resolved evolution, which critically enables the tracking of nonequilibrium free energy exchanges between the system and bath. Our results provide evidence for the existence of simple and practicable catalytic advantage in thermodynamics while offering insight into analysing the mechanism of catalytic processes.
Noise-resilient phase transitions and limit-cycles in coupled Kerr oscillators
Authors: Alaeian H , Soriente M , Najafi K , Yelin S F
Published: January 2024

In recent years, there has been considerable focus on exploring driven-dissipative quantum systems, as they exhibit distinctive dissipation-stabilized phases. Among them dissipative time crystal is a unique phase emerging as a shift from disorder or stationary states to periodic behaviors. However, understanding the resilience of these non-equilibrium phases against quantum fluctuations remains unclear. This study addresses this query within a canonical parametric quantum optical system, specifically, a multi-mode cavity with self- and cross-Kerr non-linearity. Using mean-field (MF) theory we obtain the phase diagram and delimit the parameter ranges that stabilize a non-stationary limit-cycle phase. Leveraging the Keldysh formalism, we study the unique spectral features of each phase. Further, we extend our analyses beyond the MF theory by explicitly accounting for higher-order correlations through cumulant expansions. Our findings unveil insights into the modifications of the open quantum systems phases, underscoring the significance of quantum correlations in non-equilibrium steady states. Importantly, our results conclusively demonstrate the resilience of the non-stationary phase against quantum fluctuations, rendering it a dissipation-induced genuine quantum synchronous phase.
Dark black holes in the mass gap
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Ghalsasi Akshay , Profumo Stefano , Santos-Olmsted Lillian , Smyth Nolan
Published: January 2024

In the standard picture of stellar evolution, pair-instability — the energy loss in stellar cores due to electron-positron pair production — is predicted to prevent the collapse of massive stars into black holes with mass in the range between approximately 50 and 130 solar masses — a range known as the “black hole mass gap”. LIGO and Virgo detection of black hole binary mergers containing one or both black holes with masses in this mass gap thus challenges the standard picture, possibly pointing to an unexpected merger history, unanticipated or poorly understood astrophysical mechanisms, or new physics. Here, we entertain the possibility that a “dark sector” exists, consisting of dark electrons, dark protons, and electromagnetic-like interactions, but no nuclear forces. Dark stars would inevitably form given such dark sector constituents, possibly collapsing into black holes with masses within the mass gap. We study in detail the cooling processes necessary for successful stellar collapse in the dark sector and show that for suitable choices of the particle masses, we indeed predict populating the mass gap with dark sector black holes. In particular, we numerically find that the heavier of the two dark sector massive particles cannot be lighter than, approximately, the visible sector proton for the resulting dark sector black holes to have masses within the mass gap. We discuss constraints on this scenario and how to test it with future, larger black hole merger statistics.
ESPRESSO Observations of Gaia BH1: High-precision Orbital Constraints and no Evidence for an Inner Binary
Authors: Nagarajan Pranav , El-Badry Kareem , Triaud Amaury H. M. J. , Baycroft Thomas A. , Latham David , Bieryla Allyson , Buchhave Lars A. , Rix Hans-Walter , Quataert Eliot , Howard Andrew , Isaacson Howard , Hobson Melissa J.
Published: January 2024

We present high-precision radial velocity observations of Gaia BH1, the nearest known black hole (BH). The system contains a solar-type G star orbiting a massive dark companion, which could be either a single BH or an inner BH + BH binary. A BH + BH binary is expected in some models where Gaia BH1 formed as a hierarchical triple, which is attractive because they avoid many of the difficulties associated with forming the system through isolated binary evolution. Our observations test the inner binary scenario. We have measured 115 precise RVs of the G star, including 40 from ESPRESSO with a precision of 3–5 m s−1, and 75 from other instruments with a typical precision of 30–100 m s−1. Our observations span 2.33 orbits of the G star and are concentrated near a periastron passage, when perturbations due to an inner binary would be largest. The RVs are well-fit by a Keplerian two-body orbit and show no convincing evidence of an inner binary. Using REBOUND simulations of hierarchical triples with a range of inner periods, mass ratios, eccentricities, and orientations, we show that plausible inner binaries with periods P
inner ≳ 1.5 days would have produced larger deviations from a Keplerian orbit than observed. Binaries with P
inner ≲ 1.5 days are consistent with the data, but these would merge within a Hubble time and would thus imply fine-tuning. We present updated parameters of Gaia BH1's orbit. The RVs yield a spectroscopic mass function

f

M

BH

=
3.9358
±
0.0002

M

⊙

—about 7000σ above the ∼2.5 M
⊙ maximum neutron star mass. Including the inclination constraint from Gaia astrometry, this implies a BH mass of M
BH = 9.27 ± 0.10 M
⊙.
Rogue wave solutions and rogue-breather solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Chen Si-Jia , Lü Xing
Published: January 2024

Based on the long wave limit method, the general form of the second-order and third-order rogue wave solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation are given by introducing some arbitrary parameters. The interaction solutions between the first-order rogue wave and one-breather wave are constructed by taking a long wave limit on the two-breather solutions. By applying the same method to the three-breather solutions, two types of interaction solutions are obtained,  namely the first-order rogue wave and two breather waves, the second-order rogue wave and one-breather wave, respectively. The influence of the parameters related to the phase on the interaction phenomena is graphically demonstrated. Collisions occur among the rogue waves and breather waves. After the collisions, the shape of them remains unchanged. The abundant interaction phenomena in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the propagation and control of nonlinear waves.
Cold plasma-induced effects on electromagnetic wave scattering in waveguides: a mode-matching analysis
Authors: Rizvi Shahana , Afzal Muhammad
Published: January 2024

This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular waveguide. This technique involves projecting the solution onto basis functions and solving linear algebraic systems to determine scattering amplitudes. The accuracy of this method is validated via numerical assessments, which involve the reconstruction of matching conditions and conservation laws. The study highlights the impact of geometric and material variations on reflection and transmission phenomena in the waveguide.
The electroweak monopole–antimonopole pair in the standard model
Authors: Zhu Dan , Wong Khai-Ming , Wong Guo-Quan
Published: January 2024

We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles (MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam (WS) theory. The monopoles are finitely separated, while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/e. The positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere, whereas the negative pole is in the lower hemisphere. The Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles,

0.4675
≤
tan

θ

W

≤
10

, and Higgs self-coupling, 0 ≤ β ≤ 1.7704. The magnetic dipole moment (μ
m) and pole separation (d

z
) of the numerical solutions are calculated and analyzed. The total energy of the system, however, is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.
Efficient training sets for surrogate models of tokamak turbulence with Active Deep Ensembles
Authors: Zanisi L. , Ho A. , Barr J. , Madula T. , Citrin J. , Pamela S. , Buchanan J. , Casson F.J. , Gopakumar V. ,   JET Contributors
Published: January 2024

Model-based plasma scenario development lies at the heart of the design and operation of future fusion powerplants. Including turbulent transport in integrated models is essential for delivering a successful roadmap towards operation of ITER and the design of DEMO-class devices. Given the highly iterative nature of integrated models, fast machine-learning-based surrogates of turbulent transport are fundamental to fulfil the pressing need for faster simulations opening up pulse design, optimization, and flight simulator applications. A significant bottleneck is the generation of suitably large training datasets covering a large volume in parameter space, which can be prohibitively expensive to obtain for higher fidelity codes. In this work, we propose ADEPT (Active Deep Ensembles for Plasma Turbulence), a physics-informed, two-stage Active Learning strategy to ease this challenge. Active Learning queries a given model by means of an acquisition function that identifies regions where additional data would improve the surrogate model. We provide a benchmark study using available data from the literature for the QuaLiKiz quasilinear transport model. We demonstrate quantitatively that the physics-informed nature of the proposed workflow reduces the need to perform simulations in stable regions of the parameter space, resulting in significantly improved data efficiency compared to non-physics informed approaches which consider a regression problem over the whole domain. We show an up to a factor of 20 reduction in training dataset size needed to achieve the same performance as random sampling. We then validate the surrogates on multichannel integrated modelling of ITG-dominated JET scenarios and demonstrate that they recover the performance of QuaLiKiz to better than 10%. This matches the performance obtained in previous work, but with two orders of magnitude fewer training data points.
Bacteria-targeted magnolol-loaded multifunctional nanocomplexes for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment
Authors: Jiang Jian , Hou Xuefeng , Xu Kangjie , Ji Kangkang , Ji Zhongkai , Xi Juqun , Wang Xin
Published: January 2024

Natural plant-derived small molecules have shown great potential for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we successfully developed a nanocomplex consisting of magnolol (Mag), a surfactant with an 18 carbon hydrocarbon chain and multi-amine head groups (C18N3), and a peptide (cyclic 9-amino acid peptide (CARG)) with targeting capabilities for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The obtained Mag/C18N3/CARG nanocomplexes exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Furthermore, they demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β from macrophage inflammatory cells. This was achieved through downregulating the activation of NF-κB, KEAP1, and NRF2 signaling pathways. In a murine skin infection model, the Mag/C18N3/CARG nanocomplexes effectively suppressed the growth of S. aureus in the infected area and promoted wound healing. Additionally, in a mouse model of acute kidney injury (AKI), the nanocomplexes significantly reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, leading to a decrease in mortality rate. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining natural plant-derived small molecules with C18N3/CARG assemblies as a novel approach for the development of effective and safe antibacterial agents.
Auslander–Reiten theory in extriangulated categories
Authors: Iyama Osamu , Nakaoka Hiroyuki , Palu Yann
Published: January 2024

The notion of an extriangulated category gives a unification of existing theories in exact or abelian categories and in triangulated categories. In this article, we develop Auslander–Reiten theory for extriangulated categories. This unifies Auslander–Reiten theories developed in exact categories and triangulated categories independently. We give two different sets of sufficient conditions on the extriangulated category so that existence of almost split extensions becomes equivalent to that of an Auslander–Reiten–Serre duality. We also show that existence of almost split extensions is preserved under taking relative extriangulated categories, ideal quotients, and extension-closed subcategories. Moreover, we prove that the stable category

C

_

\underline {\mathscr {C}}

of an extriangulated category

C

\mathscr {C}

is a

τ
\tau

-category (see O. Iyama [Algebr. Represent. Theory 8 (2005), pp. 297–321]) if

C

\mathscr {C}

has enough projectives, almost split extensions and source morphisms. This gives various consequences on

C

_

\underline {\mathscr {C}}

, including Igusa–Todorov’s Radical Layers Theorem (see K. Igusa and G. Todorov [J. Algebra 89 (1984), pp. 105–147]), Auslander–Reiten Combinatorics on dimensions of Hom-spaces, and Reconstruction Theorem of the associated completely graded category of

C

_

\underline {\mathscr {C}}

via the complete mesh category of the Auslander–Reiten species of

C

_

\underline {\mathscr {C}}

. Finally we prove that any locally finite symmetrizable

τ
\tau

-quiver (=valued translation quiver) is an Auslander–Reiten quiver of some extriangulated category with sink morphisms and source morphisms.
Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials of braid matroids
Authors: Ferroni Luis , Larson Matt
Published: January 2024

We provide a combinatorial interpretation of the Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomial of the matroid arising from the braid arrangement of type

A

n
−
1

\mathrm {A}_{n-1}

, which gives an interpretation of the intersection cohomology Betti numbers of the reciprocal plane of the braid arrangement. Moreover, we prove an equivariant version of this result. The key combinatorial object is a class of matroids arising from series-parallel networks. As a consequence, we prove a conjecture of Elias, Proudfoot, and Wakefield on the top coefficient of Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials of braid matroids, and we provide explicit generating functions for their Kazhdan–Lusztig and

Z
Z

-polynomials.
Synthesis and properties of doubly diphenylene-fused benzopyrrolo[1,4]diazocine with a [7-8-7] successive ring-fused structure
Authors: Hisada Masato , Shimizu Daiki , Matsuda Kenji
Published: January 2024

We explored a π-electronic system with a successively fused [7-8-7]-membered ring structure. X-ray analysis revealed its nonplanar structure with a mean plane deviation (MPD) of 1.53 Å. Compared with a reference compound with a [7-6-7]-membered ring structure (MPD: 0.38 Å), the incorporation of an 8-membered ring induced larger nonplanarity. On the other hand, replacing the 6-membered ring with an 8-membered ring induced a smaller strain in energy, as suggested by using DFT calculations. The π-orbital axis vector analysis showed that the nonplanarity was mainly dictated by torsion, not pyramidalization.
Sequential Treatment Failure With Aztreonam-Ceftazidime-Avibactam Followed by Cefiderocol Due to Preexisting and Acquired Mechanisms in a New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Causing Fatal Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Senchyna Fiona , Murugesan Kanagavel , Rotunno William , Nadimpalli Sruti S , Deresinski Stan , Banaei Niaz
Published: January 2024

We report a fatal case of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)–producing Escherichia coli in a bacteremic patient with sequential failure of aztreonam plus ceftazidime-avibactam followed by cefiderocol. Acquired resistance was documented phenotypically and mediated through preexisting and acquired mutations. This case highlights the need to rethink optimal treatment for NDM-producing organisms.
Electrical storm treatment by percutaneous stellate ganglion block: the STAR study
Authors: Savastano Simone , Baldi Enrico , Compagnoni Sara , Rordorf Roberto , Sanzo Antonio , Gentile Francesca Romana , Dusi Veronica , Frea Simone , Gravinese Carol , Cauti Filippo Maria , Iannopollo Gianmarco , De Sensi Francesco , Gandolfi Edoardo , Frigerio Laura , Crea Pasquale , Zagari Domenico , Casula Matteo , Sangiorgi Giuseppe , Persampieri Simone , Dell’Era Gabriele , Patti Giuseppe , Colombo Claudia , Mugnai Giacomo , Notaristefano Francesco , Barengo Alberto , Falcetti Roberta , Perego Giovanni Battista , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Tanese Nikita , Currao Alessia , Sgromo Vito , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria ,   the STAR study group, Fasolino Alessandro , Bendotti Sara , Primi Roberto , Auricchio Angelo , Conte Giulio , Rossi Pietro , Angelini Filippo , Morena Arianna , Toscano Antonio , Carinci Valeria , Dattilo Giuseppe , Mancini Nastasia , Corda Marco , Tola Gianfranco , Binaghi Giulio , Scudu Claudia , Barone Lucy , Lupi Alessandro , Carassia Claudia , De Vecchi Federica , Vargiu Sara
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

An electrical storm (ES) is a clinical emergency with a paucity of established treatment options. Despite initial encouraging reports about the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (PSGB), many questions remained unsettled and evidence from a prospective multicentre study was still lacking. For these purposes, the STAR study was designed.

Methods

This is a multicentre observational study enrolling patients suffering from an ES refractory to standard treatment from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2023. The primary outcome was the reduction of treated arrhythmic events by at least 50% comparing the 12 h following PSGB with the 12 h before the procedure. STAR operators were specifically trained to both the anterior anatomical and the lateral ultrasound-guided approach.

Results

A total of 131 patients from 19 centres were enrolled and underwent 184 PSGBs. Patients were mainly male (83.2%) with a median age of 68 (63.8–69.2) years and a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (25.0 ± 12.3%). The primary outcome was reached in 92% of patients, and the median reduction of arrhythmic episodes between 12 h before and after PSGB was 100% (interquartile range −100% to −92.3%). Arrhythmic episodes requiring treatment were significantly reduced comparing 12 h before the first PSGB with 12 h after the last procedure [six (3–15.8) vs. 0 (0–1), P < .0001] and comparing 1 h before with 1 h after each procedure [2 (0–6) vs. 0 (0–0), P < .001]. One major complication occurred (0.5%).

Conclusions

The findings of this large, prospective, multicentre study provide evidence in favour of the effectiveness and safety of PSGB for the treatment of refractory ES.
Testing for a role of postzygotic incompatibilities in rapidly speciated Lake Victoria cichlids
Authors: Feller Anna F , Peichel Catherine L , Seehausen Ole
Published: January 2024

Intrinsic postzygotic hybrid incompatibilities are usually due to negative epistatic interactions between alleles from different parental genomes. While such incompatibilities are thought to be uncommon in speciation with gene flow, they may be important if such speciation results from a hybrid population. Here we aimed to test this idea in the endemic cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria. Hundreds of species have evolved within the lake in <15k years from hybrid progenitors. While the importance of prezygotic barriers to gene flow is well established in this system, the possible relevance of postzygotic genetic incompatibilities is unknown. We inferred the presence of negative epistatic interactions from systematic patterns of genotype ratio distortions in experimental crosses and wild samples. We then compared the positions of putative incompatibility loci to regions of high genetic differentiation between sympatric sister species and between members of clades that may have arisen in the early history of this radiation, and further determined if the loci showed fixed differences between the closest living relatives of the lineages ancestral to the hybrid progenitors. Overall, we find little evidence for a major role of intrinsic postzygotic incompatibilities in the Lake Victoria radiation. However, we find putative incompatibility loci significantly more often coinciding with islands of genetic differentiation between species that separated early in the radiation than between the younger sister species, consistent with the hypothesis that such variants segregated in the hybrid swarm and were sorted between species in the early speciation events.
National-Scale Biomass Estimators for United States Tree Species
Authors: Jenkins Jennifer C. , Chojnacky David C. , Heath Linda S. , Birdsey Richard A.
Published: January 2024

Estimates of national-scale forest carbon (C) stocks and fluxes are typically based on allometric regression equations developed using dimensional analysis techniques. However, the literature is inconsistent and incomplete with respect to large-scale forest C estimation. We compiled all available diameter-based allometric regression equations for estimating total aboveground and component biomass, defined in dry weight terms, for trees in the United States. We then implemented a modified meta-analysis based on the published equations to develop a set of consistent, national-scale aboveground biomass regression equations for U.S. species. Equations for predicting biomass of tree components were developed as proportions of total aboveground biomass for hardwood and softwood groups. A comparison with recent equations used to develop large-scale biomass estimates from U.S. forest inventory data for eastern U.S. species suggests general agreement (±30%) between biomass estimates. The comparison also shows that differences in equation forms and species groupings may cause differences at small scales depending on tree size and forest species composition. This analysis represents the first major effort to compile and analyze all available biomass literature in a consistent national-scale framework. The equations developed here are used to compute the biomass estimates used by the model FORCARB to develop the U.S. C budget. FOR. SCI. 49(1):12–35.
Applying the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in the acquisition of the coseismic deformation and the high-frequency dynamic displacement of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake
Authors: Wang Yuebing , Gan Weijun , Shi Hongbo , Li Yu , You Xinzhao
Published: January 2024

This study acquires the coseismic deformation field and the high-frequency dynamic displacement of the MW 7.4 earthquake that occurred in Maduo, China, on 2021 May 22, based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the comparison with the results obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) reveals that the two systems are certain differences in their ability to acquire the coseismic deformation field. The maximum difference in the horizontal coseismic deformation is <5 mm, and the maximum difference in the vertical coseismic deformation is 8.7 mm. The dynamic displacement waveforms of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake acquired by BDS and GPS are very similar, which confirms that BDS can acquire ground-shaking images with an accuracy comparable to that of GPS. Based on the empirical relationship equation of the peak ground displacement (PGD) and moment magnitude (MW), this study verifies and calculates both the MW of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake and the error and finds that the MW can be quickly and accurately obtained by using the empirical PGD and MW equations, and this MW value can be used as a supplementary means of calibrating the MW of the large earthquake early warning systems, which can be quickly determined by seismic wave data. Finally, by comparing the slip distributions inverted from the BDS and GPS coseismic deformation fields, this study finds that BDS is equally effective as GPS.
Beyond compliance with the 21st Century Cures Act Rule: a patient controlled electronic health information export application programming interface
Authors: Phelan Dylan , Gottlieb Daniel , Mandel Joshua C , Ignatov Vladimir , Jones James , Marquard Brett , Ellis Alyssa , Mandl Kenneth D
Published: January 2024

Objective

The 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule requires that certified electronic health records (EHRs) be able to export a patient’s full set of electronic health information (EHI). This requirement becomes more powerful if EHI exports use interoperable application programming interfaces (APIs). We sought to advance the ecosystem, instantiating policy desiderata in a working reference implementation based on a consensus design.

Materials and Methods

We formulate a model for interoperable, patient-controlled, app-driven access to EHI exports in an open source reference implementation following the Argonaut FHIR Accelerator consensus implementation guide for EHI Export.

Results

The reference implementation, which asynchronously provides EHI across an API, has three central components: a web application for patients to request EHI exports, an EHI server to respond to requests, and an administrative export management web application to manage requests. It leverages mandated SMART on FHIR/Bulk FHIR APIs.

Discussion

A patient-controlled app enabling full EHI export from any EHR across an API could facilitate national-scale patient-directed information exchange. We hope releasing these tools sparks engagement from the health IT community to evolve the design, implement and test in real-world settings, and develop patient-facing apps.

Conclusion

To advance regulatory innovation, we formulate a model that builds on existing requirements under the Cures Act Rule and takes a step toward an interoperable, scalable approach, simplifying patient access to their own health data; supporting the sharing of clinical data for both improved patient care and medical research; and encouraging the growth of an ecosystem of third-party applications.
Investigating intestinal mast cell dynamics during acute heat stress in growing pigs
Authors: Mayorga Edith J , Rodriguez-Jimenez Sonia , Abeyta Megan A , Goetz Brady M , Opgenorth Julie , Moeser Adam J , Baumgard Lance H
Published: January 2024

Objectives were to examine the temporal pattern of intestinal mast cell dynamics and the effects of a mast cell stabilizer (ketotifen [Ket]) during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n = 42; 32.3 ± 1.9 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 environmental-therapeutic treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) control (TNCon; n = 6), (2) 2 h HS control (2 h HSCon; n = 6), (3) 2 h HS + Ket (2 h HSKet; n = 6); (4) 6 h HSCon (n = 6), (5) 6 h HSKet (n = 6), (6) 12 h HSCon (n = 6), or (7) 12 h HSKet (n = 6). Following 5 d of acclimation to individual pens, pigs were enrolled in two experimental periods (P). During P1 (3 d), pigs were housed in TN conditions (21.5 ± 0.8 °C) for the collection of baseline measurements. During P2, TNCon pigs remained in TN conditions for 12 h, while HS pigs were exposed to constant HS (38.1 ± 0.2 °C) for either 2, 6, or 12 h. Pigs were euthanized at the end of P2, and blood and tissue samples were collected. Regardless of time or therapeutic treatment, pigs exposed to HS had increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to their TNCon counterparts (1.9 °C, 6.9° C, and 119 breaths/min; P < 0.01). As expected, feed intake and BW gain markedly decreased in HS pigs relative to their TNCon counterparts (P < 0.01). Irrespective of therapeutic treatment, circulating corticotropin-releasing factor decreased from 2 to 12 h of HS relative to TNCon pigs (P < 0.01). Blood cortisol increased at 2 h of HS (2-fold; P = 0.04) and returned to baseline by 6 h. Plasma histamine (a proxy of mast cell activation) remained similar across thermal treatments and was not affected by Ket administration (P > 0.54). Independent of Ket or time, HS increased mast cell numbers in the jejunum (94%; P < 0.01); however, no effects of HS on mast cell numbers were detected in the ileum or colon. Jejunum and ileum myeloperoxidase area remained similar among treatments (P > 0.58) but it tended to increase (12%; P = 0.08) in the colon in HSCon relative to TNCon pigs. Circulating lymphocytes and basophils decreased in HSKet relative to TN and HSCon pigs (P ≤ 0.06). Blood monocytes and eosinophils were reduced in HS pigs relative to their TNCon counterparts (P < 0.01). In summary, HS increased jejunum mast cell numbers and altered leukocyte dynamics and proinflammatory biomarkers. However, Ket administration had no effects on mast cell dynamics measured herein.
The subsistence and enforcement of copyright and trade mark rights in the metaverse
Authors: Saw Cheng Lim , Chan Samuel Zheng Wen
Published: January 2024

The metaverse has been widely hailed as a symbol of technological progress, presenting an immersive virtual realm that has the potential to transform how individuals engage in social and commercial activities. However, this conception of a borderless virtual world—which purportedly transcends the capabilities and reach of Web 2.0—sits uncomfortably with the territorial nature of IP rights. This article examines the complexities surrounding the subsistence and enforcement of IP rights within the metaverse, with a specific focus on copyright and trade marks. Special attention is paid to issues concerning the choice of law and jurisdiction. Finally, the authors conclude with two recommendations that aim to facilitate and supplement the application of the existing rules in addressing copyright and trade mark infringements in the metaverse.
Estimating Recreation Use on the San Gorgonio Wilderness
Authors: James George A. , Schreuder Hans T.
Published: January 2024

A pilot test was successfully employed during the summer of 1969 to estimate recreation use of the San Gorgonio Wilderness in California's San Bernardino National Forest. A stratified random-sampling model was used. Self-registration stations were placed on all trails into the area. Wilderness users were personally interviewed on randomly selected days and trails to determine rate of registration. The Wilderness received an estimated 59,816 visitor-days of use, and 77 percent of all user groups registered upon entering.