bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of electromagnetic torque for induction motors with a novel non-skewed rotor structure
Authors: Darjazini Amir , Vahedi Abolfazl , Nobahari Amin , Gharehseyed Saber
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Pulsating torques cause a number of problems in electrical machines, including mechanical vibrations, acoustic noise and the depreciation of mechanical equipment. In induction motors, the slot skewing method is an effective way to solve these issues; however, it has some drawbacks such as output torque drop, stray loss intensification due to inter-bar currents and iron loss increment. Besides, slot skewing may not be practical in higher-rated induction motors. In this regard, this paper introduces a modified non-skewed rotor (MNSR) structure as a possible alternative to the skewed designs.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed structure includes a two-segmented rotor with an intermediate ring between the rotor parts that are mounted on the shaft with a relative shift angle. Detailed information about the idea and structure of the MNSR as well as its manufacturing aspects will be presented in the second section of the paper. First, the working principle of the proposed design is described via analytical equations to provide an insight into the concept. The shifting angle will then be calculated by analyzing the harmonic contents of the electromagnetic torque. Finally, the validity of the analytical method will be verified by developing three-dimensional finite element models.

Findings

It is demonstrated that by using the proposed rotor structure, the torque ripple has been reduced to a satisfactory level without significantly affecting the mean torque, unlike the skewing method. Furthermore, the new method could avoid the disadvantages of the skewing method while enhancing other motor characteristics such as iron loss. Also, the total volume of the MNSR is equal to the initial design, and the mass and material differences are also negligible.

Originality/value

In this paper, a MNSR is introduced as a possible alternative to the skewed patterns. The study mainly focused on electromagnetic torque profile characteristics, i.e. the mean torque enhancement and the ripple reduction. The MNSR structure can be used for general purposes and high-performance applications, especially where excellent torque characteristics are required.
Comparative analysis of suitability of fractional derivatives in modelling the practical capacitor
Authors: Banchuin Rawid
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare the suitability of fractional derivatives in the modelling of practical capacitors. Such suitability refers to ability to provide the analytical capacitance function that matches the experimental ones of each fractional derivative.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical capacitance functions based on various fractional derivatives of both local and nonlocal types including the author’s have been derived. The derived capacitance functions have been simulated and compared with the experimental ones of aluminium electrolytic and electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs).

Findings

This paper has found that any local fractional derivative with fractional power law-based relationship with the conventional one is suitable for modelling the aluminium electrolytic capacitor (AEC) by incorporating with the conventional capacitance definition. On the other hand, the author’s nonlocal fractional derivatives have been found to be more suitable than the others for modelling the EDLC by incorporating with the revisited definition of capacitance.

Originality/value

The proposed comparative analysis has been originally presented in this work. The criterion for local fractional derivative, to be suitable for modelling the AEC, has been found. The nonlocal fractional operators which are most suitable for modelling the EDLC have been derived where the unsuitable one has been pointed out.
The impact of an urban facilities management summer school on the participants
Authors: Collins Dave , Senior Coline , Jowkar Mina , Salaj Alenka Temeljotov , Johansen Agnar
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how an Urban Facilities Management (Urban FM) focused summer school in Norway in 2019 impacted knowledge creation, as well as the host and foreign educators, along with the international student participants.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper’s data collection is formed as a “post-event study” using interviews and a quantitative survey from both the students and educators to look at the impact of the summer school on the student and the associated educational programs.

Findings

The outcomes of this study indicate that the impact on educators and their educational programs was substantial with regard to their teaching experiences. The study confirmed that foreign experience allowed not just for greater potential for cross institution cooperation for the future but also allowed for the usage of the summer school case studies in host and guest educational programs. For the students, the added value was in the international experience primarily and a chance to study on a case study project. The study was also successful in the dissemination of Urban FM knowledge.

Originality/value

This paper also offers added theoretical value in the development of a model in future projects on how to capitalize on the potential impact of the summer school on educators and students. The possibilities for increased dissemination and knowledge creation in Urban FM is also significant.
On the performance of RANS turbulence models in predicting static stall over airfoils at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Nived M. R. , Mukesh Bandi Sai , Athkuri Sai Saketha Chandra , Eswaran Vinayak
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to conduct, a detailed investigation of various Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models to study their performance in attached and separated flows. The turbulent flow over two airfoils, namely, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)-0012 and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) MS(1)-0317 with a static stall setup at a Reynolds number of 6 million, is chosen to investigate these models. The pre-stall and post-stall regions, which are in the range of angles of attack 0°–20°, are simulated.

Design/methodology/approach

RANS turbulence models with the Boussinesq approximation are the most commonly used cost-effective models for engineering flows. Four RANS models are considered to predict the static stall of two airfoils: Spalart–Allmaras (SA), Menter’s k – ω shear stress transport (SST), k – kL and SA-Bas Cakmakcioglu modified (BCM) transition model. All the simulations are performed on an in-house unstructured-grid compressible flow solver.

Findings

All the turbulence models considered predicted the lift and drag coefficients in good agreement with experimental data for both airfoils in the attached pre-stall region. For the NACA-0012 airfoil, all models except the SA-BCM over-predicted the stall angle by 2°, whereas SA-BCM failed to predict stall. For the NASA MS(1)-0317 airfoil, all models predicted the lift and drag coefficients accurately for attached flow. But the first three models showed even further delayed stall, whereas SA-BCM again did not predict stall.

Originality/value

The numerical results at high Re obtained from this work, especially that of the NASA MS(1)-0317, are new to the literature in the knowledge of the authors. This paper highlights the inability of RANS models to predict the stall phenomenon and suggests a need for improvement in modeling flow physics in near- and post-stall flows.
International business opportunity recognition and development
Authors: Di Gregorio Dante , Musteen Martina Claasen , Thomas Douglas
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Understanding how international business opportunities (IBOs) are recognized and developed is critical to the study of international entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

We draw on entrepreneurial cognition research broadly and the entrepreneurial judgment perspective specifically to develop a model of the recognition and development of IBOs by considering three theoretically important sets of drivers – social networks, international experience and a proactive mindset. We use a sample of 92 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to test the model empirically.

Findings

We find robust support. Entrepreneurial judgment surrounding IBOs and uncertain international business environments entails tapping social networks, international experience and a proactive mindset to both recognize third-person opportunities for someone as well as to act upon and develop IBOs as first-person opportunities from which a focal firm can profit.

Originality/value

Conceptually and empirically, we peer inside the black box of IBO entrepreneurial judgment processes by jointly evaluating the abstract recognition of third-person opportunities as well as the concrete actions and interactions that develop the IBOs into first-person opportunities.
Antecedents of environmental strategies: a study of the manufacturing industry in Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Farida , Zhang-Zhang Yingying , Gopinath C. , Malik Muhammad Imran
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The paper aims to explore how market pressures, upper echelons theory and slack resources interact to affect pro-environmental strategies in an emerging market. Specifically, the authors assess external market factors (consumer concerns, regulatory forces and competitors' concerns) in terms of how they are negotiated through internal resources and company capabilities (top management commitment and discretionary slack) to produce or not produce pro-environmental strategies (environmental corporate strategy and environmental marketing strategy).

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 1,000 questionnaires were distributed in the Pakistani manufacturing sector – where energy use and natural resources consumption is intensive. The final 181 useable responses were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling and the PROCESS macro.

Findings

The results reveal that regulatory forces and competitors' concerns have both direct and conditional indirect effects on environmental corporate strategy but only conditional indirect effects on environmental marketing strategies through the mediation of top management commitment and at different levels of discretionary slack. However, consumer concerns remain inconsequential antecedents with insignificant direct effects and conditional indirect effects on environmental corporate and marketing strategies through the mediation of top management commitment at different levels of discretionary slack.

Originality/value

The authors propose an integrative model as a functioning mechanism for the environmental strategic decisions of companies in emerging markets. This model relies on both slack resource and upper echelons theories. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of internal and external determinants and functions on environmental strategies at corporate and functional levels in emerging markets. The various paths to diverse levels of environmental strategy and the insignificant role of consumer concerns suggest a need for further investigation of corporate environmentalism in emerging markets that consider their distinctive legal, societal, market and institutional contexts.
Bonding and bridging social capital towards collective action in participatory irrigation management. Evidence in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand
Authors: Llones Christopher , Mankeb Panya , Wongtragoon Unggoon , Suwanmaneepong Suneeporn
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of social capital with bonding and bridging distinction in promoting higher participation in collective action in participatory irrigation management.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 304 farmers was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. A focus group discussion was also carried out with randomly selected water users, leaders and irrigation officers. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to test the hypothesised relationship of bonding and bridging social capital towards collective action.

Findings

The findings show that social capital has a significant direct effect on collective action and an indirect effect on joint irrigation management's perceived performance through collective action (mediator). It implies the need to complement the participatory irrigation management programme with an understanding of the social aspects for a higher farmer's participation over the shared resource.

Originality/value

The paper emphasises social capital's role in facilitating a real participatory engagement in shared resource management. Also, it is the first scholarly work linking social capital with bonding and bridging distinction towards collective action in a joint resource management context.
Young users' social media addiction: causes, consequences and preventions
Authors: Al-Samarraie Hosam , Bello Kirfi-Aliyu , Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim , Smith Andrew Paul , Emele Chikezie
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Social media addiction has been an ongoing topic of debate for platform developers, well-being and mental health experts. There is a limited understanding of the factors leading to the addiction of young social media users, the consequences of experiencing addiction, and the measures/mechanisms used by parents and platform providers to limit/prevent problematic social media use amongst young users. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature concerning these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) protocol was used to evaluate and present the results. A total of 45 studies were screened and independently reviewed against predetermined criteria for eligibility.

Findings

The results revealed four categories of young users' addiction to social media networks (social, technological, behavioural and mental). Several prevention approaches directed at parents and platform providers were discussed.

Originality/value

This study offers important insights for health policy makers, platform providers, parents and researchers on designing interventions addressing social media addiction amongst young users. It also provides an in-depth understanding of the conceptualization of social media addiction and suggestions on possible actions to prevent it.
Selecting enablers for sustainable PDS supply chain in the Indian context using fuzzy-DEMATEL approach
Authors: Das Sumanta , Barve Akhilesh , Sahu Naresh Chandra , Yadav Devendra K.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to identify, analyze and evaluate the major enablers for the sustainable public distribution system (PDS) supply chain in India in lessening food insecurity by distributing essentials food grains at a subsidized rate.

Design/methodology/approach

The major enablers for the sustainable PDS supply chain were explored by conducting the literature survey and discussion with academic and warehouse experts. Then, the fuzzy-DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) technique was applied to develop a causal model that analyses the interaction among the identified enablers.

Findings

This study recognizes fifteen enablers through literature survey and experts' opinions. The present work concludes that “proper identification of the PDS beneficiaries” and “willingness and commitment of the top management and policymaker” are the two major enablers for the sustainable PDS supply chain.

Research limitations/implications

This work would be helpful for profoundly understanding the major enablers, and how they are affecting the entire PDS supply chain. The study would be beneficial for the general people and the entire society straightforwardly by providing suggestions for food security.

Originality/value

Identifying and analyzing the major enablers for the sustainable PDS supply chain helps to visualize the problem more effectively and efficiently. Besides, the causal model explains a comprehensive perspective on the identified enablers.
Towards innovation performance of SMEs: investigating the role of digital platforms, innovation culture and frugal innovation in emerging economies
Authors: Khattak Amira , Tabash Mosab I. , Yousaf Zahid , Radulescu Magdalena , Nassani Abdelmohsen A. , Haffar Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of digital platforms, frugal innovation and innovation culture (IC) on innovation performance (IP). The mediation role of IC between digital platforms and IP, as well as moderating role of frugal innovation between IC and IP is also tested.

Design/methodology/approach

Data is collected from 387 top management officials from the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) working in emerging economies, in the current study Pakistan. Quantitative research design was applied for the collection of data and analysis. Various statistical techniques, i.e. correlation and regression, were used.

Findings

The findings revealed that digital platforms positively affect IC and IP. The results proved that IC mediates the association between digital platforms and IP link.

Originality/value

The SMEs of emerging economies are working in a dynamic scenario, and their performance in term of innovation is critically needed. Only those businesses that update their products and services according to customers’ demand can achieve success. Hence, SMEs of emerging economies need IP to flourish their businesses. This study highlights an overlooked link of digital platforms with IP and also shows the mediating role of IC.
The indirect effect of high-performance work practices on employees’ performance through trust in management
Authors: Jalali Alireza , Jaafar Mastura , Abdelsalam Al Rfoa Sabri Khalid , Abhari Sara
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The construction industry activities play a key role in achieving socio-economic development and sustaining economic growth in many countries. Increased awareness about the role of human resource management in employee performance has led construction firms to evaluate and focus on high-performance work practices (HPWPs) components, which intend to cultivate employee and organizational performance. This study aims to explain HPWPs affect employee performances through the mediating influence of trust in management in Aqaba, Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was administered to collect data among the contractors Grade1 across Aqaba, Jordan. This research was designed as a quantitative study and data were collected at one point of time. In total, 311 questionnaires were returned and only 279 completed questionnaires to test the relationship between HPWPs and employee performances according to the ability, motivation and opportunity conceptualized framework. The partial least squares technique was adopted to test the proposed relationships.

Findings

The results present that extensive training, rewards based on performance and job security have a significant relationship with trust in management. Trust in management exerts partial mediation effects between HPWPs (extensive training, rewards based on performance and job security) and employee performance (creativity and innovation).

Originality/value

The findings of the study provide useful and original information to improve the overall performance of construction firms.
Factors affecting the number of building defects and the approaches to reduce their negative impacts in Malaysian public universities’ buildings
Authors: Hauashdh Ali , Jailani Junaidah , Abdul Rahman Ismail , Al-Fadhali Najib
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The largest share of a building maintenance budget goes towards preventing or repairing building defects. Also, building defects shorten a building’s lifetime, impact the user’s safety and health, prevent the buildings from performing their functions well and repairing building defects generates waste. Therefore, this study aims to specify the factors that affecting the number of building defects and how to reduce their negative impacts.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study was used as a research strategy and convergent parallel mixed methods were used as research design. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently, followed by independent analyses of the quantitative and qualitative data, and then merged the two sets of results according to the procedure of using the convergent parallel design. Descriptive statistics analysed quantitative data, whilst qualitative data was analysed by the content analysis technique.

Findings

The findings of this study explored the factors that affect the number of defects in buildings, the significant factors were related to the building’s life cycle in terms of design, construction, operation and maintenance phase; relevant attributes were construction teams, building users and maintenance teams. The study also addressed the approaches to minimise the negative impacts of those factors. Their negative impacts mainly contributed to increased building defects that increase maintenance costs, affect users’ safety and health, reduce buildings’ lifespan and cause environmental impact due to resource extraction.

Originality/value

The existing studies have not adequately addressed the significant factors that affect the number of building defects. Also, emerging technologies and environmental sustainability considerations related to building defects have not been linked in previous related work. Therefore, the present study has contributed to filling this gap.
A case for poetry as history and a methodology with poems by James G. March
Authors: Bachani Jyoti
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to reveal a lesser known side of Late James G. March, as a poet, by offering a curated selection of his poems. The other purpose of this study is to make a case for using poetry as a methodology. Poetry requires engagement by the reader, thus creating space for the personal. With multiple personal explanations co-existing, poetry allows clarity of action at the individual level while simultaneously leaving room for debate and discussion at the collective level. Thus, poetry offers pluralistic histories with room for complexity, ambiguity, paradox and contradictions.

Design/methodology/approach

The selection of poems is highly subjective, so an auto-ethnographic approach was appropriate. The collection is curated for the readers of this journal, on topics relevant for the members of the Academy of Management. The argument for poetry as a methodology is based on engaging with the poems for self-reflection and reflexivity.

Findings

March had a life-long commitment to self-expression through poems. Poetic engagement by one poetry lover with a selection of his poems about our shared profession, yields small self-discoveries that are good for the collective, by revealing unknown histories, with possibilities other than the dominant single story. Poetry as a methodology brings in the personal, that yields moving theories, that are practical in guiding individual action in personally meaningful ways, even in ambiguous, contradictory and complex situations.

Originality/value

Ideas expressed in poetic form provide a way to liberate possibilities latent in the language itself. Future work from this contribution can be that March’s poems stimulate the imaginations of other poets and poetry lovers, who may have kept it as a private pursuit, just as he did, to come out and share their personal reflexive journeys.
Accounting for unstable environments in the public sector: managing post-COVID-19 times
Authors: Bastida Francisco , Bracci Enrico , Hoque Zahirul
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims at reflecting on the role of accounting and accountability mechanisms in pre-COVID-19 conditions and how it may evolve in “new normal”, post-COVID-19 conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

Moving from the papers in this special issue, the authors draw on the literature on the social construction and reflective approaches to understand pre- and post-COVID-19 events and the role of accounting therein.

Findings

The “new normal” may exacerbated the difficulty of public sector organizations to manage the uncertainties and risks associated to the new context. While “old” wicked issues remain, such as social inclusion, poverty and corruption, new ones come. The authors speculate on the “new” and “old” roles accounting and accountability can play to support governments.

Originality/value

The paper contributes by setting new research avenues for future studies in a post-COVID-19 era.
Study of deployment of “low code no code” applications toward improving digitization of supply chain management
Authors: Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Kumar Saurabh
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of “Low Code No Code” applications and study its scope of application for web designing, rapid application development (RAD) and supply chain digitization (SCD).

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted for this exploratory study. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was prepared by the authors. Based on the questionnaire in-depth interviews were conducted with subject matter experts having more than 10 years of experience in the domain of supply chain management and digitization. The study questionnaire focused on the current reach and future potential of “Low Code No Code” platforms. A total of 20 responses were collected from experts as post this point thematic saturation was reached. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was applied to identify the experts The data was content analyzed for themes.

Findings

The major findings that emerged from the study was that “Low Code No Code” platforms applications could be used across end-to-end SCD. The study also revealed that RAD through “Low Code No Code” platforms could reduce organizations dependency on coders. In the case of procurement, “Low Code No Code” applications could improve vendor and supplier management by streamlining processes. The cost-effective and easy-to-maintain “Low Code No Code” application development could help Medium and Small-Scale Enterprises level the playing field against large organizations. The lack of adoption strategy and low perceived usefulness was identified as major barriers to the adoption of “Low Code No Code” applications by organizations.

Research limitations/implications

“Low Code No Code” application-based automation would enable better utilization of organizational supply chain (SC) resources and capabilities. This would improve the sustainability performance of the firm. Furthermore, it would also enable the provision of SC services at a lower cost level, thus benefiting customers.

Practical implications

“Low Code No Code” application-based automation would help organizations to reduce the dependency on coders and Information Technology developers SCD. This could also allow SC managers to make more apps to be built in less time without the need of complex coding. This could potentially reduce app development costs toward digitizing SCs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was one of the very first studies regarding how “Low Code No Code” applications could revolutionize the SC using these app development capabilities. This study also provided an extensive study of Diffusion of Innovations and Technological Organizational Theory frameworks for in the context of “Low Code No Code” technology adoption.
Structural innovation in state variables and expected stock returns
Authors: Simlai Prodosh E.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the surprise components of systematic risk, which are useful in forecasting future investment opportunities, help explain the cross-section of average returns associated with portfolios sorted on size, book-to-market and accruals. This study also aims to examine the mispricing attributes of the size, value and accrual effects by investigating the relative economic relevance of aggregate risk factors, which are related to exogenous shocks in state variables, in the cross-sectional returns of triple-sorted portfolios.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses innovations of systematic risk, which affect the cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates of all firms in an economy and determines the expected returns of portfolios based on firm characteristics. This study uses independent sorts based on size, book-to-market and total accruals – all of which are measured at the firm level – and construct three-dimensional test portfolios. For unobserved innovations, this study estimates a triangular structural vector autoregressive system and obtain the exogenous innovations in state variables. The author uses Fama-MacBeth two-pass cross-sectional regressions and examines whether the structural innovations explain a significant part of the cross-sectional variation in the average returns of the test portfolios.

Findings

This study finds that variations in expected returns of testing assets are determined by differences in the underlying assets’ exposure to systematic risk innovation. The empirical evidence also shows that exogenous innovation in Fama-French (FF) risk factors leaves out important cross-sectional information about expected returns, and additionally, the FF-factor betas have lower cross-sectional power than the proxy for innovation betas. The cross-sectional differences in the test portfolios’ sensitivity to instruments such as the short-term Treasury bill rate and term spread survive the presence of FF-factor betas.

Originality/value

In contrast to the existing literature, this study uses structural innovations that are uncorrelated and thus exogenous in nature. The author creates test portfolios that display a wide range of average returns and are unlikely to show spurious variability in risk exposures. Unlike the existing research, where size, value and accrual anomalies have been analyzed in isolation, this study examine these pricing patterns jointly, focusing on the possible contributing role of structural innovation in economy-wide predictor variables. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to link the sensitivity of portfolios sorted on size, book-to-market and accruals to exogenous structural innovation.
Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior in three-star hotels: mediating role of leader-member exchange, knowledge sharing and voice behavior
Authors: Sharif Shahbaz , Tongkachok Korakod , Akbar Mansoor , Iqbal Khurshed , Lodhi Rab Nawaz
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Different leadership styles are used to make innovations in organizations. So, a sound system of social exchanges has always been a need in this dynamic and technological world to challenge organizational problems. Drawing on the social exchange theory, this study aims to empirically investigate the mediating relationship of a set of social exchanges, e.g. leader-member exchange (L.M.X.), knowledge sharing behavior (K.S.B.) and voice behavior (V.B.), between transformational leadership (T.L) and innovative work behavior (I.W.B). Particularly, it explores the best social exchange behavior between T.L and I.W.B that plays a highly constructive role in the innovativeness of the hospitality industry in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

The study targeted 403 frontline employees from hotels situated near Swat Valley, Pakistan. The study used a quantitative approach by using a convenient sampling technique. Structural equation modeling was run by using Smart partial least square 3.3.3 to test the proposed model.

Findings

The research supported that T.L significantly influenced I.W.B via a L.M.X., K.S.B. and V.B. T.L did not directly and significantly influence I.W.B so, there were full mediations between T.L and I.W.B. Specifically, knowledge-sharing behavior played a highly constructive role in innovativeness.

Research limitations/implications

The study targeted frontline employees from one place, Swat valley; however, data collection from different tourist places may generalize the results based on social exchanges and innovative behavior. A dyadic interaction between top-level and middle-level management may closely trace the innovative ideas among the employees.

Practical implications

The study found knowledge sharing to be a highly effective mechanism that supports employee innovation more than a L.M.X. and V.B. As a result, the managers should establish a sound system of knowledge sharing, which means a knowledge economy so that employees innovativeness can be boosted and promoted.

Originality/value

The present study was the first study in the hotel industry of Pakistan that reveals a highly effective mediating mechanism: K.S.B., which exists with T.L to increase workers’ innovativeness highly.
An improved understanding of pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome may save lives!
Authors: Brown RN
Published: November 2021

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on M Cauldwell et al., pp. 796–803 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17025
First report of complete mitochondrial genome in the subfamily Alleculinae and mitochondrial genome‐based phylogenetics in Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)
Authors: Wu Chuan , Zhou Yong , Tian Tian , Li Ting‐Jing , Chen Bin
Published: November 2021

Despite worldwide distribution and rich diversity, the knowledge of mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) characteristics within the family Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) is still very limited, and phylogenetics remain unresolved for the family. In this study, the mtgenomes for 12 species are newly sequenced and annotated. Three of the species represent the first report of complete mtgenomes from the subfamily Alleculinae. Comparative analysis of 36 tenebrionid mtgenomes finds that gene composition and order are the same as a theoretical ancestral insect mtgenome, and AT bias, length variation, and codon usage are consistent with other reported beetle mtgenomes. Some intergenic overlap and gap sequences may contain phylogenetically informative information, whereas neither the conserved nor repeat sequences in the control region do. The subfamilies Lagriinae, Pimeliinae, Stenochiinae, and Alleculinae are found to be monophyletic, and the subfamilies Diaperinae and Tenebrioninae polyphyletic in our study. Furthermore, Lagriinae is sister to the rest of the subfamilies. At the tribal level, the tribes Lagriini in the subfamily Lagrrinae; Strongyliini in Stenochiinae; Cteniopodini in Alleculinae; and Triboliini, Opatrini, and Amarygmini in Tenebrioninae are monophyletic; while Diaperini in Diaperinae, and Tenebrionini in Tenebrioninae are polyphyletic.
Issues in Australian Foreign Policy July to December 2020
Authors: Agius Christine
Published: November 2021

This review examines Australian foreign policy for July to December 2020 through the framework of uncertainty. It argues that the Morrison government's handling of relations with China and its significant defence boost with the Defence Strategic Update signal a desire to placate various domestic pressures while at the same time responding to international tensions over security under an unpredictable Trump administration. At the same time, elements of Morrison's “negative” and “positive” globalism guided Australia's response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, with consequences for regional aid and diplomatic soft power. Foreign policy initiatives during this period, while sending positive optics, were undercut by a lack of a consolidated vision to ensure policy effectiveness. Wrestling aspects of “negative” and “positive” globalism also suggests that foreign policy under Morrison is at times contradictory in its interpretation of the national interest. This is especially prevalent on the question of climate change, which Morrison soon had to contend with as an incoming Biden administration promised ambitious goals in this area.
Home bias and market power: Evidence from the Chinese automobile industry
Authors: Dai Mian , Gong Qiang , Tan Shiyu
Published: November 2021

We investigate the interaction between home bias and market power by estimating an equilibrium oligopoly model using a dataset of new car registrations across Chinese provinces. We find a more elastic demand for home brands on average, despite a consistently stronger preference and cost advantages for local manufacturers. This limits the extent of home bias. Ignoring such effect would lead to an overestimation of home market share by 281% and overstate the cross region trade barriers. We also find that home bias is gender neutral and increases with age.
TAS‐116 (pimitespib), a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, shows efficacy in preclinical models of adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Ikebe Emi , Shimosaki Shunsuke , Hasegawa Hiroo , Iha Hidekatsu , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Wang Yu , Sasaki Daisuke , Imaizumi Yoshitaka , Miyazaki Yasushi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Hamaguchi Isao , Morishita Kazuhiro
Published: November 2021

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly chemoresistant malignancy of peripheral T lymphocytes caused by human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 infection, for which there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutic options. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays a crucial role in nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐mediated antiapoptosis in ATL cells, and HSP90 inhibitors are new candidate therapeutics for ATL. Accordingly, we investigated the anti‐ATL effects of a novel oral HSP90 inhibitor, TAS‐116 (pimitespib), and the mechanisms involved in ex vivo and in vivo preclinical models. TAS‐116 achieved IC50 values of less than 0.5 μmol/L in 10 ATL‐related cell lines and less than 1 μmol/L in primary peripheral blood cells of nine ATL patients; no toxicity was observed toward CD4+ lymphocytes from healthy donors, indicating the safety of this agent. Given orally, TAS‐116 also showed significant inhibitory effects against tumor cell growth in ATL cell‐xenografted mice. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of TAS‐116‐treated Tax‐positive or ‐negative cell lines and primary ATL cells using DNA microarray and multiple pathway analysis revealed the significant downregulation of the NF‐κB pathway in Tax‐positive cells and cell‐cycle arrest in Tax‐negative cells and primary ATL cells. TAS‐116 suppressed the activator protein‐1 and tumor necrosis factor pathways in all examined cells. These findings strongly indicate the efficacy of TAS‐116, regardless of the stage of ATL progression, and its potential application as a novel clinical anti‐ATL therapeutic agent.
Lifecourse factors associated with flourishing among US children aged 1–5 years
Authors: Linares Deborah E. , Kandasamy Veni , Vladutiu Catherine J.
Published: November 2021

Aim

This study aimed to examine the association between lifecourse factors and flourishing among children ages 1–5 years.

Study design

Using data from the combined 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 18 007 children aged 1–5 years), flourishing was defined as parent‐reported child's affection, resilience, curiosity about learning, and affect. Multivariable logistic regression modelled the associations between lifecourse factors and flourishing. These factors were identified according to the lifecourse health development model.

Results

Approximately 63% of children aged 1–5 years were flourishing. Children who were female (vs. male, adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.11), White, non‐Hispanic (vs. Black, non‐Hispanic, APR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01–1.26), not having a special health care need (vs. special health care need, APR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.26), not having an emotional, developmental or behavioural disorder (EBD) (vs. EBD, APR: 1.66, 95% CI:1.23–2.10), spoke English at home (vs. other language, APR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.54), parents received emotional social support (vs. no emotional social support, APR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.21) and who lived in a supportive neighbourhood (vs. not in supportive neighbourhood, APR: 1.12, 95% CI:1.05–1.18) were more likely to flourish. Children from households within 0%–99% of the federal poverty level (APR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79–0.98) were less likely to be flourishing compared with their counterparts from households within 400% of the federal poverty level.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that several lifecourse factors are associated with young children's flourishing, including being female, White, non‐Hispanic, not having a special health care need or EBD, English as a primary language, parents receiving emotional social support, having neighbourhood support and a lower household income. Our findings promote the continuation of programmes supporting diverse and low‐income children's families and communities such as home visiting and Head Start, which provide avenues for bolstering children's health and development across the lifespan.
Expedited evaluation for liver transplantation: A critical look at processes and outcomes
Authors: Braun Hillary J. , Mello Anna , Kothari Rishi , Ku Elaine , Yilma Mignote , Tavakol Mehdi , Zhang Li , Niemann Claus U. , Ascher Nancy L. , Adelmann Dieter
Published: November 2021

Background

Most patients are listed for liver transplant (LT) following extensive workup as outpatients (“conventional evaluation”). Some patients undergo urgent evaluation as inpatients after being transferred to a transplant center (“expedited evaluation”). We hypothesized that expedited patients would have inferior survival due to disease severity at the time of transplant and shorter workup time.

Methods

Patients who underwent evaluation for LT at our institution between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The expedited and conventional cohorts were defined as above. Living donor LT recipients, combined liver‐kidney recipients, acute liver failure patients, and re‐transplant patients were excluded. We compared patient characteristics and overall survival between patients who received a transplant following expedited evaluation and those who did not, and between LT recipients based on expedited or conventional evaluation.

Results

Five‐hundred and nine patients were included (110 expedited, 399 conventional). There was no difference in graft or patient survival at 1 year for expedited versus conventional LT recipients. In multivariable analysis of overall survival, only Donor Risk Index (HR 1.97, CI 1.04–3.73, P = .037, per unit increase) was associated with increased risk of death.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent expedited evaluation for LT had significant demographic and clinical differences from patients who underwent conventional evaluation, but comparable post‐transplant survival.
Fear and food: Anxiety‐like behavior and the susceptibility to weight loss in an activity‐based anorexia rat model
Authors: Schwenzer Constanze , Voelz Clara , Kogel Vanessa , Schlösser Anna , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Beyer Cordian , Seitz Jochen , Trinh Stefanie
Published: November 2021

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by energy restriction, low body weight, a fear of gaining weight, and often excessive physical activity. Anxiety disorders appear to constitute a major risk factor for developing AN and are the most frequent comorbidity. Here, the influence of anxiety‐like behavior prior to food restriction on increased physical activity, leading to greater susceptibility to weight loss, was tested in rats. Furthermore, the possible anxiolytic effect of starvation itself was analyzed. A chronic starvation model activity‐based anorexia (ABA) was applied to mimic physiological and behavioral characteristics of AN. During the induction of starvation and acute starvation, food intake was reduced by 70% and the rats lost 25% of their body weight, which was kept stable to imitate chronic starvation. Anxiety‐like behavior was quantified before and after chronic starvation using the elevated plus maze, based on rodents’ aversion to open spaces. Anxiety‐related behavior before food restriction was associated with increased running‐wheel activity during habituation and during the induction of starvation, and predicted faster weight loss in ABA rats. Additionally, food‐restricted animals showed less anxiety‐like behavior after chronic starvation. Animals showing more anxiety‐like behavior appear to be more susceptible to weight loss, partially mediated by increased physical activity. Anxiety‐related behavior was associated with increased physical activity, which in turn was associated with more rapid weight loss. Our data let us assume that food restriction has an anxiolytic effect. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering anxiety disorders in patients with AN.
Impact of minimum unit pricing on shifting purchases from higher to lower strength beers in Scotland: Controlled interrupted time series analyses, 2015–2020
Authors: Anderson Peter , Kokole Daša , Jané Llopis Eva
Published: November 2021

Introduction

On 1 May 2018 Scotland introduced a minimum unit price (MUP) of GB50 pence per unit of alcohol (8 g) sold. We analysed household purchase data to assess the impact of MUP in shifting purchases from higher to lower strength beers.

Methods

Data from Kantar Worldpanel's household shopping panel, with 75 376 households and 4.76 million alcohol purchases, 2015–2020. We undertook interrupted time series analyses of the impact of introducing MUP in Scotland on changes in the proportion of the volume of purchased beer with an alcohol by volume (ABV) ≤3.5% using purchases in England as control. We analysed the moderating impact of the volume of purchased beer with an ABV ≤3.5% on the size of the associated impact of MUP in reducing purchases of grams of alcohol within beer.

Results

MUP was associated with a relative increase in the proportion of the volume of beer purchased with an ABV ≤3.5%, Scotland minus England, of 10.9% (95% CI 10.6–11.1), following a 43.6% (95% CI 40.1–47.1) increase in the volume of beer purchased with an ABV ≤3.5%, and a 9.6% (95% CI 9.4–9.8) decrease in the volume of beer purchased with an ABV >3.5%. MUP was associated with reduced purchases of grams of alcohol within beer by 8% (95% CI 7.8–8.3), increasing to 9.6% (95% CI 9.3–9.9), when accounting for the moderating impact of shifts to lower strength beer.

Discussion and Conclusions

MUP seems an effective policy to reduce off‐trade purchases of alcohol and encourage shifts to lower strength beers.