bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic‐Thin WS2 Kirigami for Bidirectional Polarization Detection
Authors: Liu Xiao , Jiang Hao , Li Zhiwei , Luo Song , Li Yanjun , Cui Yu , Zhang Yan , Hao Rui , Zeng Jiang , Hong Jinhua , Liu Zheng , Gao Weibo , Liu Song
Published: August 2024

The assembly and patterning engineering in two‐dimensional (2D) materials hold importance for chip‐level designs incorporating multifunctional detectors. At present, the patterning and stacking methods of 2D materials inevitably introduce impurity instability and functional limitations. Here, the space‐confined chemical vapor deposition method is employed to achieve state‐of‐the‐art kirigami structures of self‐assembled WS2, featuring various layer combinations and stacking configurations. With this technique as a foundation, the WS2 nano‐kirigami is integrated with metasurface design, achieving a photodetector with bidirectional polarization‐sensitive detection capability in the infrared spectrum. Nano‐kirigami can eliminate some of the uncontrollable factors in the processing of 2D material devices, providing a freely designed platform for chip‐level multifunctional detection across multiple modules.
Copper‐Catalyzed Chan‐Lam Reaction and Sequential [2,3]‐Rearrangement to Prepare α‐Benzotriazinium Ketones
Authors: Gao Jia‐Yi , Wei Meng‐Yan , Wei Xian‐Jun , Bi Hong‐Yan , Liang Cui , Chen Chun‐Hua , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: August 2024

A variety of α‐benzotriazinium ketones were prepared in 38%–89% yields through a copper(II)‐catalyzed Chan‐Lam reaction and [2,3]‐rearrangement in a one pot reaction open to air from N‐hydroxybenzotriazin‐4‐ones and alkenyl boronic acids at room temperature. Experimental results showed that the copper catalyst not only played as cross‐coupling catalyst but also served as Lewis acid catalyst to control the chemoselectivity of [2,3]‐rearrangement. The reaction tolerated various linear and cyclic disubstituted alkenyl boronic acids. Moreover, α‐benzotriazinium ketone could be easily prepared in gram scales. The present method highlights dual roles of copper catalyst and [2,3]‐rearrangement of N,O‐vinyl moiety.
Enantioselective Addition of Thiols to Acyclic Ketiminoesters Using Cinchona Alkaloid Amide/Zinc(II) Catalysts
Authors: Iizuka Yuka , Obata Koki , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki , Nakamura Shuichi
Published: August 2024

The first enantioselective reaction of acyclic α‐ketiminoesters with thiols has been developed. Good yields and enantioselectivities were obtained using our original cinchona alkaloid amide/zinc(II) catalysts. The obtained products were converted into useful chiral thiazolidines. Based on experimental results and DFT calculation, transition states were proposed to explain the stereoselectivity of the reaction.
Dearomative Functionalization of Activated Quinolines: Transfer Hydrogenation/Cycloaddition Cascade to Construct α‐Tertiary Amines
Authors: Yadav Suman , Kant Ruchir , Rao Kuram Malleswara
Published: August 2024

Cascade dearomative functionalization is a robust protocol to convert flat arenes into medicinally relevant three‐dimensional architectures with added new functionality. Herein, a dearomative cycloaddition protocol for synthesizing tetrahydroquinoline‐embedded α‐tertiary amine scaffolds has been developed employing quinolinium salts and sulfonyl azides under metal‐free conditions. An underexplored and mechanistically distinct pathway is unveiled, creating quaternary‐center‐bearing amine skeletons by an amine group migration during the transfer hydrogenation and cycloaddition cascade reaction. This approach provided a broad substrate scope of α‐tertiary amine scaffolds from a plethora of C3‐substituted quinolinium and sulfonyl azides. The post‐synthetic modifications have further diversified the α‐tertiary amine core into interesting scaffolds. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested the involvement of aziridine ring formation for the amine migration to the C‐3 position of quinoline to generate the α‐tertiary amine core.
Enhanced CO2 Adsorption and Conversion in Diethanolamine‐Cu Interfaces Achieving Stable Neutral Ethylene Electrosynthesis
Authors: Lv Zunhang , Wang Changli , Liu Weiyi , Liu Rui , Liu Yarong , Feng Xiao , Yang Wenxiu , Wang Bo
Published: August 2024

Molecular modifications have shown tremendous potential in boosting the electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) to ethylene. However, the key mechanisms of modulation at the molecular level remain unclear, especially for the adsorption and activation of key intermediates (e.g., *CO2 and *CO). Here, report that a diethanolamine (DEA)‐modified Cu catalyst can reduce CO2 to ethylene with a faradaic efficiency of ≈50.5% with a partial current density of ≈155.7 mA cm−2 in the neutral conditions, which surpasses the Cu catalyst without molecular modification (≈28.5% and ≈95.6 mA cm−2). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that DEA on the Cu surface boosts the adsorption and activation of CO2 and the following C–C coupling processes during the CO2RR‐to‐ethylene process. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the molecules distant from the Cu site have a CO2 enrichment effect. Operational stability achieved via the introduction of DEA molecules onto ketjen black, which then successively immobilized on the Cu nanoparticles and polytetrafluoroethylene electrodes to obtain a stable tripe‐phase boundary, realizing constant ethylene selectivity for 100 operating hours in a flow cell.
Preliminary isotopic assessment of weaning in bonobos shows evidence for extended nursing, sibling competition and invested first‐time mothers
Authors: Oelze Vicky M. , Ott Kayla , Lee Sean M. , O'Neal Isabella , Hohmann Gottfried , Fruth Barbara
Published: August 2024

Although considered a hallmark in early ontogeny, weaning from breastmilk is difficult to monitor in wild primates and weaning ages remain unknown for wild bonobos (Pan Paniscus). Here, we calculated inter‐birth intervals from demographic data and measured the isotopic offsets (Δ15N and Δ13C) between mother (n = 17) and offspring (n = 28) fecal sample pairs (n = 131, total n = 246) in the LuiKotale bonobos to assess nutritional weaning for the first time. We tested the effects of infant age, female parity, and sibling competition on Δ15N and Δ13C values. We found bonobo inter‐birth intervals ranging from 2.2 to 7.3 years (x̄ = 4.7 ± 1.3 years) at LuiKotale. The Δ15N and Δ13C values suggested nutritional weaning on average by 6.6 and 7.0 years of age respectively, considerably exceeding weaning ages reported for chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) using the same approach. Our Δ13C data suggested that the number of offspring present affected nursing, with first‐time mothers nursing more and possibly longer. The Δ15N and Δ13C values decreased with the arrival of the next sibling, suggesting sibling competition reduces milk access. Nevertheless, offspring may continue nursing 2.5–3 years after the birth of the next sibling, corresponding well with observations on low infant mortality. In conclusion, bonobo mothers provide remarkably enduring materna l support in the form of nursing concurrently to several offspring.
Encapsulation of Sn Sub‐Nanoclusters in Multichannel Carbon Matrix for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Linlin , Huang Aoming , Jiang Hongcheng , Li Yan , Pan Xiansong , Chen Tsung‐Yi , Chen Han‐Yi , Peng Shengjie
Published: August 2024

Sub‐nanoclusters with ultra‐small particle sizes are particularly significant to create advanced energy storage materials. Herein, Sn sub‐nanoclusters encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped multichannel carbon matrix (denoted as Sn‐SCs@MCNF) are designed by a facile and controllable route as flexible anode for high‐performance potassium ion batteries (PIBs). The uniformly dispersed Sn sub‐nanoclusters in multichannel carbon matrix can be precisely identified, which ensure us to clarify the size influence on the electrochemical performance. The sub‐nanoscale effect of Sn‐SCs@MCNF restrains electrode pulverization and enhances the K+ diffusion kinetics, leading to the superior cycling stability and rate performance. As freestanding anode in PIBs, Sn‐SCs@MCNF manifests superior K+ storage properties, such as exceptional cycling stability ( around 331 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 100 mA g−1) and rate capability. Especially, the Sn‐SCs@MCNF||KFe[Fe(CN)6] full cell demonstrates impressive reversible capacity of around 167 mAh g−1 at 0.4 A g−1 even after 200 cycles. Theoretical calculations clarify that the ultrafine Sn sub‐nanoclusters are beneficial for electron transfer and contribute to the lower energy barriers of the intermediates, thereby resulting in promising electrochemical performance. Comprehensive investigation for the intrinsic K+ storage process of Sn‐SCs@MCNF is revealed by in situ analysis. This work provides vital guidance to design sub‐nanoscale functional materials for high‐performance energy‐storage devices.
Pressure‐Tuning Localized Excitons Toward Enhanced Emission, Photocurrent Enhancement and Piezochromism in Unconventional ACI‐Type 2D Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Yu Xihan , Fang Yuanyuan , Sun Xuening , Xie Ying , Liu Cailong , Wang Kai , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo
Published: August 2024

Simultaneous enhancement of free excitons (FEs) emission and self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission remains greatly challenging because of the radiative pathway competition. Here, a significant fluorescence improvement, associated with the radiative recombination of both FEs and STEs is firstly achieved in an unconventional ACI‐type hybrid perovskite, (ACA)(MA)PbI4 (ACA=acetamidinium) crystals with {PbI6} octahedron units, through hydrostatic pressure processing. Note that (ACA)(MA)PbI4 exhibits a 91.5‐fold emission enhancement and considerable piezochromism from green to red in a mild pressure interval of 1 atm to 2.5 GPa. The substantial distortion of both individual halide octahedron and the Pb−I−Pb angles between two halide octahedra under high pressure indeed determines the pressure‐tuning localized excitons behavior. Upon higher pressure, photocurrent enhancement is also observed, which is attributed to the promoted electronic connectivity in (ACA)(MA)PbI4. The anisotropic compaction reduces the distance between neighboring organic molecules and {PbI6} octahedra, leading to the enhancement of hydrogen bonding interactions. This work not only offers a deep understanding of the structure‐optical relationships of ACI‐type perovskites, but also presents insights into breaking the limits of luminescent efficiency by pressure‐suppressed nonradiative recombination.
Crosslink‐Enhanced Emission‐Dominated Design Strategy for Constructing Self‐Protective Carbonized Polymer Dots With Near‐Infrared Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Zheng Chengyu , Tao Songyuan , Zhao Xinxiang , Kang Chunyuan , Yang Bai
Published: August 2024

Self‐protective carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with advantageous crosslinked nano‐structures have attracted considerable attention in metal‐free room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, whereas their RTP emissions are still limited to short wavelength. Expanding their RTP emissions to Near‐Infrared (NIR) range is attractive but suffers from the difficulties in constructing narrow energy levels and inhibiting intense non‐radiative decay. Herein, a crosslink‐enhanced emission (CEE)‐dominated construction strategy was proposed, achieving desired NIR RTP (710 nm) in self‐protective CPDs for the first time. Structural factors, i.e., crosslinking (covalent‐bond CEE), conjugation (conjugated amine with bridging N−H and C=C group), and steric hindrance (confined‐domain CEE), were confirmed indispensable for triggering NIR RTP emission in CPDs. Contrast experiments and theoretical calculations further revealed the rationality of the design strategy originating from CEE in terms of promoting the narrow energy level emission of triplet excitons and inhibiting the non‐radiative quenching. This work not only firstly achieves NIR RTP in self‐protective CPDs but also helps understand the origin of NIR RTP to further guide the synthesis of diverse CPDs with efficient long‐wavelength RTP emission.
Features of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Two Multicenter Cohorts of Patients with Psoriasis, Uveitis, and Colitis Presenting with Undiagnosed Back Pain
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P. , Carmona Raj , Weber Ulrich , Aydin Sibel Zehra , Yeung James , Reis Jodie , Masetto Ariel , Rohekar Sherry , Mosher Dianne , Zouzina Olga , Martin Liam , Keeling Stephanie O. , Paschke Joel , Dadashova Rana , Carapellucci Amanda , Wichuk Stephanie , Lambert Robert G. , Chan Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Objective

We aimed to assess the following: (1) the frequency of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) according to extra‐articular presentation and HLA‐B27 status, (2) clinical and imaging features that distinguish axSpA from non‐axSpA, and (3) the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis and classification of axSpA.

Methods

The Screening for Axial Spondyloarthritis in Psoriasis, Iritis, and Colitis (SASPIC) study enrolled patients in two multicenter cohorts. Consecutive patients with undiagnosed chronic back pain attending dermatology, ophthalmology, and gastroenterology clinics with psoriasis (PsO), acute anterior uveitis (AAU), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were referred to a local rheumatologist with special expertise in axSpA for a structured diagnostic evaluation. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients diagnosed with axSpA by the final global evaluation.

Results

Frequency of axSpA was 46.7%, 61.6%, and 46.8% in patients in SASPIC‐1 (n = 212) and 23.5%, 57.9%, and 23.3% in patients in SASPIC‐2 (n = 151) with PsO, AAU, or IBD, respectively. Among those who were B27 positive, axSpA was diagnosed in 70%, 74.5%, and 66.7% of patients in SASPIC‐1 and in 71.4%, 87.8%, and 55.6% of patients in SASPIC‐2 with PsO, AAU, or IBD, respectively. All musculoskeletal clinical features were nondiscriminatory. MRI was indicative of axSpA in 60% to 80% of patients and MRI in all patients (SASPIC‐2) versus on‐demand (SASPIC‐1) led to 25% fewer diagnoses of axSpA in patients who were HLA‐B27 negative with PsO or IBD. Performance of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria was greater with routine MRI (SASPIC‐2), though sensitivity was lower than previously reported.

Conclusion

Optimal management of patients presenting with PsO, AAU, IBD, and undiagnosed chronic back pain should include referral to a rheumatologist. Conducting MRI in all patients enhances diagnostic accuracy.
Toward an efficient second‐order method for computing the surface gravitational potential on spherical‐polar meshes
Authors: Gressel Oliver , Ziegler Udo
Published: August 2024

Astrophysical accretion discs that carry a significant mass compared with their central object are subject to the effect of self‐gravity. In the context of circumstellar discs, this can, for instance, cause fragmentation of the disc gas, and—under suitable conditions—lead to the direct formation of gas‐giant planets. If one wants to study these phenomena, the disc's gravitational potential needs to be obtained by solving the Poisson equation. This requires to specify suitable boundary conditions. In the case of a spherical‐polar computational mesh, a standard multipole expansion for obtaining boundary values is not practicable. We hence compare two alternative methods for overcoming this limitation. The first method is based on a known Green's function expansion (termed “CCGF”) of the potential, while the second (termed “James' method”) uses a surface screening mass approach with a suitable discrete Green's function. We demonstrate second‐order convergence for both methods and test the weak scaling behavior when using thousands of computational cores. Overall, James' method is found superior owing to its favorable algorithmic complexity of compared with the scaling of the CCGF method.
Effects of SiO2 Particle Size in Soggy‐Sand Electrolyte on Electrochemical Performance of Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Jieshuangyang , Deng Rongyu , Zhou Jinwei , Jiang Ziang , Qian Mingzhi , Wu Feixiang
Published: August 2024

The presence of free water molecules in the aqueous electrolyte leads to serious side reactions at the interface, easy dissolution of the cathode material, and uncontrolled growth of zinc dendrites in Zn‐ion batteries, which hinders their practical applications. Here, we propose a type of SiO2‐based soggy‐sand electrolyte (ZnSO4+MnSO4 electrolyte with SiO2, SiO2‐ZMSO4) and focus on the effect of the SiO2 nanoparticle size on the performance of soggy‐sand electrolyte. It is found that SiO2 with smaller nanoparticle size provides higher porosity, and the SiO2 network‐formed can effectively trap the free water in the electrolyte, which increases the ionic conductivity of electrolyte, widens working voltage window, and decreases the internal resistance of batteries. As a result, the Zn//MnO2 batteries with 20 nm SiO2‐based soggy‐sand electrolyte show stable cycling performance and rate capacities. The specific capacity of the battery can be maintained at 198.5 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 1 A g−1 without capacity degradation. The specific capacity can be increased by 100 mAh g−1 even at a high rate of 5 A g−1. This study provides the rule of particle selection for the development of aqueous soggy‐sand electrolytes used in aqueous rechargeable batteries.
Analysis of urinary volatile organic compounds for prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review
Authors: Dawson Jonathon , Green Kraig , Lazarowicz Henry , Cornford Phil , Probert Chris
Published: August 2024

Context

Prostate‐specific antigen is non‐specific for prostate cancer. This is improved by multiparametric MRI but a significant amount of indolent prostate cancer is detected by the current MRI pathway and data is emerging that clinically significant cancers maybe missed using a standard PSA threshold. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis may offer novel biomarkers for prostate cancer and clinically significant disease.

Objective

To perform a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the current evidence for the use of VOCs as novel biomarkers for prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer.

Evidence Acquisition

A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library was undertaken by two independent reviewers and papers were assessed for inclusion in the review. Study characteristics, sensitivity and specificity of GC–MS or eNose were extracted. Risk of bias and applicability issues were determined using QUADAS 2 and the quality of reporting using the STARD checklist.

Evidence Synthesis

Nineteen studies were included, of which 6 utilised eNose and 13 GC–MS. eNose sensitivity and specificity were 0.71–0.95 and 0.79–0.96, respectively, and GC–MS found a sensitivity and specificity of 0.66–1.00 and 0.53–0.97, respectively. There were concerns about bias in patient recruitment due to differences in the timing of the index test relative to the reference standard.

Conclusion

This review has found promising early results for urinary metabolomics in the detection of prostate cancer. However, there is a need for larger, high‐quality studies to validate this. Future work should focus on the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of Ag2CrO4/Fe2O3/CeO2 ternary nanocomposite
Authors: Ananthkumar Mahendran , Jayaprakash Jeyaram , Debnath Abhijit , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Mythili Raja , Akilan Pachaimuthu , Kannan Alagesan , Vignesh Shanmugam , Chandrasekaran Venkatachalam
Published: August 2024

The study presents Ag2CrO4/Fe2O3/CeO2 ternary nanocomposite, based on Fe2O3/CeO2 binary composites, which demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of methylene blue under solar irradiation. The Ag2CrO4/Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocomposites was orthorhombic, ilmenite, and cubic‐fluorite phases of Ag2CrO4, Fe2O3, and CeO2, respectively, according to the XRD examination. A strong bond between Ag2CrO4, Fe2O3, and CeO2 within the nanocomposite was demonstrated by the SEM and TEM investigations. Moreover, it was discovered that the coupling of Ag2CrO4 and Fe2O3 caused a red shift and moved CeO2 absorption edge from the UV to the visible spectrum. The reason behind this is that the band gap of CeO2 reduced 2.85 to 2.69 eV and the absorbance band intensity increased in visible region. Utilizing visible light, Ag2CrO4/Fe2O3/CeO2 ternary nanocomposites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic properties (98.90%) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) within 100 min. The long‐term reliability and recyclability of the photocatalyst were explored through 3 successive cycles. An active radical quenching test was conducted to elucidate the involvement of O2− and OH which are the primary reactive species in the photocatalytic breakdown of MB. Ag2CrO4/Fe2O3/CeO2 ternary nanocomposites displayed notable improvements in photodegradation activity, making them well suited for the effective removal of hazardous dyes present in textile effluents.
Multicolor nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots and its application in the detection of Fe3+ ion
Authors: Van Huan Pham
Published: August 2024

In this paper, nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. N‐CQDs exhibit strong fluorescence, and N‐CQDs are well dispersed in water as well as in various organic solvents. N‐CQDs emit multi‐color fluorescence from blue to red, with wavelengths in the range of 450–650 nm without the need for purification. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission of N‐CQDs was selectively quenched after adding Fe3+ ions. N‐CQDs were used as a nanoprobe for the detection of Fe3+ ions, showing a good linear correlation between the fluorescence emission and the concentration of Fe3+ in the Fe3+ concentration range from 0 to 100 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was 55.7 μM for Fe3+ in water and 40.2 μM in fetal bovine serum (FBS) samples. The study shows that the synthesized N‐CQDs have low cost and great potential for application in biological analysis.
Customized Modification of Welan Gum Properties Through Controllable Grafting of Acrylamide
Authors: Xu Guorui , Li Jianye , Li Xiang , Jia Yongkang , Song Yajie , Wang Jiming , Wang Lei , Zhang Haibo
Published: August 2024

Welan gum (WG) has a wide range of applications, but it is not yet suitable for applications such as oil recovery profile control that have complex requirements for viscosity, gelation properties, and so forth. Grafting modification is an important strategy for improving the property of WG, but there are few reports on controllable modification of WG to customize it for specific application. Acrylamide (AM) dosage was identified as the key factor affecting the grafting ratio of AM onto WG by a uniform experimental design. The grafting ratio can be directly adjusted between 99% and 378% based on the positive correlation with dosage of AM, and viscosity can be adjusted between 206 and 327 mPa s based on the negative correlation with grafting ratio. The 50% weight loss temperature of W11 with a grafting ratio of 110% raised from 314 to 336°C after grafting. The viscosity of the hydrogel formed with WG11 reached 15,654 mPa s, nearly nine times higher than that of unmodified WG. In addition, the gelation time can be controlled within 5 days, so that it can be injected to the optimal area in oilfield profile, avoiding pipeline blockage. This study enables adjusting viscosity of WG grafted with AM by controlling the grafting rate, and enhances gelation performance and thermal stability of WG, which will expand the application of WG in oil recovery and other fields.
Profiling adolescents' vulnerability to racial misinformation: An hybrid intervention aimed at promoting mediated intergroup contact
Authors: D'Errico Francesca , Corbelli Giuseppe , Cicirelli Paolo Giovanni , Sportelli Carmela , Paciello Marinella
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the issue of adolescents' susceptibility to racial misinformation, testing a socio‐analytical intervention within an educational community through the inducement of analytical processing of misleading news on one side, and mediated contact on the other. Rolling Minds web app has been designed to implement a hybrid schools intervention thanks to which classmates engage with conversational agents, guiding them in deconstructing racial stereotypes, reframing misleading narratives and empathizing with immigrants' point of view. All the intervention activities aim to enhance intergroup contact. For this purpose, in this study, which involved 208 young participants (mean age 14.65; SD = 0.74), we pursued two research objectives. Firstly, by employing a person‐centred approach, our first research question (RQ1) is to identify subgroups of adolescents based on their propensity to engage in analytical reasoning, stereotypical beliefs and self‐transcendence values, finding different vulnerability clusters to racial misinformation. In relation to the emerging profiles, their reactions to the misleading news were initially observed (ie, sharing and fact‐checking). Secondly, regarding the second research question (RQ2), through path analysis we aim to understand whether and how adolescents characterized by different profiles vary in performing activities of socio‐analytical intervention aimed at enhancing contact intentions. These results can guide the development of tailored hybrid educational strategies to engage young people in approaching racial online misinformation in a more reflective and unbiased manner, considering the adolescents' individual differences in vulnerability to racial hoaxes.
Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and lymph nodes dissection using Senhance robotic system and Senhance ultrasonic energy device: A case report
Authors: Ng Kuan Chong , Yuan LunHsiang
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Using the Senhance robotic system and Senhance ultrasonic energy device for robotic‐assisted radical nephrectomy with hilum lymph node dissection demonstrated safety and feasibility in managing a large renal tumor without the need for open conversion or transfusion, offering a cost‐effective solution.
“A rare case of bladder myiasis mimicking radiation cystitis—A first case report”
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Saikia Sujit , Das Anup Kumar , Barmon Debabrata , Baruah Upasana , Begum Dimpy , King Sopouassi V. Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Patients diagnosed with cancer post‐treatment are prone to have recurrent disease. Regular follow‐up of these patients enables early recognition and treatment. A tissue diagnosis before starting treatment is imperative to avoid misdiagnosis and management. Given their immunosuppression, maintaining good nutrition, body hygiene, and clean surroundings is essential to prevent the most common urinary tract infection to rare urinary myiasis infection. Cochliomyia hominivorax, Chrysomya bezziana, and Wohlfahrtia magnifica are the most prevalent flies causing myiasis in human beings. Risk factors for urinary myiasis are open or untreated wounds and debris around the genital area. Specific flies, ticks, and mosquitoes are responsible for myiasis in tropical or subtropical countries, when it is usually not transmitted from human to human. Flies lay their eggs near the urethra, and the larvae hatch and migrate to the bladder. Increased urinary frequency, haematuria, and lower abdominal pain are the most commonly found presenting symptoms. Simple preventive measures can avoid these complications. So, prevention is better than cure.
Chronic periodontitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis—A case report
Authors: Tavajohi Rayeheh , Sarbaz Amitis , Honarmand Hooshyar , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the common central nervous system diseases, but it can cause dysfunction in other organs such as periodontal tissues. However, it has not been as noticeable. This report aimed to present a 44‐year‐old patient with severe chronic periodontitis, and sudden teeth loss since the diagnosis of MS.
Cell‐free DNA analysis for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A case report
Authors: Yamada Satoshi , Kano Kotaro , Ishikawa Ryuji , Imai Atsushi , Mochizuki Daiki , Morita Kotaro , Takeuchi Kazutaka , Takizawa Yoshinori , Kawasaki Hideya , Misawa Kiyoshi
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

A 35‐year‐old male presented with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Human papillomavirus type 11 was detected from all sites of tumor tissue DNA by PCR. The pre‐surgery cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) viral load (3.33 × 103 copies/ng DNA) fell below the post‐surgical detection limits on achieving remission, suggesting cfDNA's potential as a biomarker.
Successful management of a delayed presented button battery ingestion in a toddler: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ebrahimi Pouya , Nazari Roozbeh , Mousavinezhad Seyedeh Maryam , Senobari Nahid , Ghadimi Delaram J.
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

It is important to note that prevention of button battery ingestion is the most effective way to reduce its incidence and complications. This is unachievable without providing educational plans for parents. Moreover, triage nurses and first‐line staff who take the history of patients and physicians should take the history to evaluate the risk of battery ingestion. Plain radiographs can be helpful in this matter, as the presence of “Hallow” and “Steep” signs in the anteroposterior and lateral views, respectively, can help.

Foreign body ingestion is a relatively common occurrence in pediatrics, especially among children 1–3 years of age. Although most cases are benign and managed conservatively, those with high‐risk subjects such as button batterie can bring about fatal conditions in the minority of cases. In the present study, the history, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures of a 13‐month‐old baby with the final diagnosis of button battery ingestion are presented. The parents ignored the symptoms, suspecting that it was a viral infection. The evaluations showed that a battery was lodged in the middle part of the thoracic esophagus, which was removed by an urgent endoscopic procedure. The patient was under observation and on a nothing‐by‐mouth diet for a week, receiving nutritional fluid with a nasogastric tube. The necrosis, which was obvious after the removal of the battery, was healing in the second control esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed 1 week after the procedure. The stricture was minimal, and no need for dilation was diagnosed. This case report underscores the importance of a timely diagnosis and removal of these cases. This case underscores the importance of the timely presentation of these cases to health care and the risk of delayed removal, such as necrosis, forming fistula, and perforation of the esophagus. The delay can cause necrosis, fistula, and perforation and might lead to irreversible severe complications and even death.
Sarcoidosis presenting as isolated massive splenomegaly: A case report
Authors: Kyriakos Saad Melissa , El Hajj Imad , Saikaly Elias
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with an unknown cause, marked by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in the affected organs. While the pulmonary interstitium is most frequently involved, the disease can affect almost any other organ system. Extrapulmonary involvement can occur with or without lung involvement, but isolated extrapulmonary involvement is a rare event. Isolated splenomegaly is very rare and presents an uncommon manifestation of sarcoidosis, its diagnoses is a challenge due to a broad differential diagnosis. Here, we present an intriguing case of a 28‐year‐old male with isolated splenic sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown cause, marked by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in affected organs. It most frequently impacts the pulmonary interstitium, though it can also affect nearly any other organ system. This involvement can occur with or without lung involvement, but isolated extrapulmonary cases are observed in only about 10% of instances. Furthermore, isolated splenomegaly is an exceptionally rare event and an uncommon presentation of sarcoidosis, posing a significant clinical challenge due to the wide differential diagnosis. Potential differential diagnoses include hematologic cancers, primary or metastatic splenic tumors, infiltrative diseases, inflammatory conditions, and infections. We present a noteworthy case of a 28‐year‐old with isolated splenic sarcoidosis.
Development of an in situ Mediator Dosing Concept for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in Lithium‐Ion Battery Research
Authors: Eidenschink Johannes , Matysik Frank‐Michael
Published: August 2024

In scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), the addition of a redox active species plays an essential role. Those deliberately added mediators may alter results in SECM studies. In investigations of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) materials, especially of the positive electrode, the oxidation potentials of commonly used mediator substances such as ferrocene are located within the operation potential of the electrode. Thus, they possibly interfere with the regular charge/discharge processes. In situ studies are therefore in need of approaches reducing or eliminating the use of mediators. Within this publication, a novel mediator dosing (MD) concept is introduced. A capillary was closely positioned at the tip of the scanning probe. By gravity flow, stable flow rates of mediator solution of up to 32.4±0.6 μL h−1 were achieved. These low amounts were found to be sufficient to form a ferrocene zone at the probe tip enabling feedback mode SECM measurements with comparable quality to measurements directly in ferrocene solution. Proof of concept experiments were conducted by investigation of a thin‐film electrode with a micro‐structured surface. Furthermore, the MD concept was applied in imaging experiments of a commercially available LIB graphite electrode.
Low‐Temperature Reduction of NOx by NH3 with Unity Conversion on Nanofilament MnO2/Activated Semi‐Coke Catalyst
Authors: He Beini , Li Hankun , Liang Shuoyang , Wang Xidong , Wang Hao , Wang Yiou
Published: August 2024

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with NH3 at low temperatures remains a crucial goal for industrial applications. However, effective catalysts operating at 70–90 °C are rarely reported, limiting SCR scenarios to high‐temperature conditions. Herein, we report a unique MnO2 nanofilament catalyst grown on activated semi‐coke synthesized via a one‐step in situ hydrothermal approach, which exhibits a stable and marked 100 % conversion rate of NO to N2 with 100 % selectivity at 90 °C, superior to the other prepared structures (nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes). Temperature‐programmed desorption shows a large number of acid sites on MnO2(NFs)/ASC, benefiting the formation of NH4+ ions. Meanwhile, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy reveals the activation of NO with O2 to form bidentate nitrate/bridging nitrate NO2 intermediates via bidentate nitrate species, triggering the Fast SCR with NH3 at low temperatures. Such an effective, easy‐to‐prepare, and low‐cost catalyst paves a new pathway for low‐temperature SCR for a wide range of application scenarios.
Solvent‐Regulated Formation of Metal/Metal‐Oxo Nodes in Two Indium Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Syntheses, Structures, Selective Gas Adsorption and Fluorescence Sensor Properties
Authors: Zuo Congyu , Li Qinqin , Dai Mingzhu , Fan Chenyang
Published: August 2024

Two water‐stable indium metal‐organic frameworks, (NH2Me2)3[In3(BTB)4] ⋅ 12DMA ⋅ 4.5H2O (In‐MOF‐1) and (NH2Me2)9[In9O6(BTB)8(H2O)4(DMSO)4] ⋅ 27DMSO ⋅ 21H2O (In‐MOF‐2) (BTB=4,4′,4′′‐benzene‐1,3,5‐tribenzoate) with 3D interpenetrated structure has been constructed by regulating solvents. Structure analysis revealed that In‐MOF‐1 has a three‐dimensional (3D) structure with a single metal core, while In‐MOF‐2 features an octahedron cage constructed by three kinds of metal clusters to further form a 3D structure. The fluorescence investigations showed that In‐MOF‐1 and In‐MOF‐2 are potential MOF‐based fluorescent sensors to detect acetone and Fe3+ ions in EtOH or water with high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, recyclability and a low limit of detection. Moreover, the fluorescence mechanisms of In‐MOF‐1 and In‐MOF‐2 toward acetone and Fe3+ ions were further explained. In addition, In‐MOF‐2 has higher thermal and framework stability than In‐MOF‐1. The activated In‐MOF‐2 presents a high BET surface area of 998.82 m2g−1 and a pore size distribution of 8 to 16 Å. At the same time, In‐MOF‐2 exhibits high selective CO2 adsorption for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption sites and adsorption isotherms were predicted using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, and the adsorption energy of the lowest‐energy adsorption configuration was calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Room‐Temperature Liquid Crystalline Tetraphenylethylene‐Surfactant Complex with Chiral Supramolecular Structure and Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Huang Han‐Jun , Tian Kai‐Li , Wong Shi‐Qing , Lian Ning‐Xiao , Wang Jie , Sun Hai‐Jun , Bermeshev Maxim V. , Zhong Lu‐Wei , Chen Zhijian , Ren Xiang‐Kui
Published: August 2024

A novel room‐temperature liquid crystal of tetraphenylethylene derivative (TPE‐DHAB) was synthesized using an ionic self‐assembly strategy. The TPE‐DHAB complex exhibits typical aggregation‐induced emission properties and a unique helical supramolecular structure. Moreover, the generation and handedness inversion of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) can be achieved through further chiral solvation, providing a facile approach to fabricate room‐temperature liquid crystalline materials with controllable supramolecular structures and tunable CPL properties through a synergistic strategy of ionic self‐assembly and chiral solvation process.
Comparison of the Application Value of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnosing Patent Foramen Ovale Under Different States of Stimulation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shi Jianwei , Gu Haijuan , Fan Wenjun , Xia Jiesheng , Gu Huanhuan
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the application value of contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography (cTEE) in the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO) under different states of stimulation, with the goal of enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of PFO diagnosis.

Methods

This research consecutively enrolled patients suspected of having PFO from October 2022 to February 2024, presenting primary clinical symptoms such as unexplained syncope, headache, dizziness, and stroke. Patients underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cTEE under three different states of stimulation (resting state, coughing, and Valsalva maneuver). Based on the presence of microbubbles in the left heart and their initial appearance time, patients were classified into PFO and control groups, with further diagnostic confirmation via transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or foramen ovale closure procedures.

Results

The study results revealed significant differences between the PFO and control groups regarding age (p = 0.034) and headache symptoms (p = 0.001). In the PFO group, TTE showed a higher positivity rate both at rest and during coughing, highlighting the association between PFO and specific clinical symptoms. The number of microbubbles observed during TTE increased significantly under various stimulation states, particularly during the Valsalva maneuver (p < 0.05). This increase became more pronounced as the duration of the maneuver was extended, underscoring the differential response of PFO patients under varied physiological testing conditions, especially during prolonged Valsalva maneuvers.

Conclusion

The study confirms the significant value of cTEE in diagnosing PFO under different stimulation states, particularly emphasizing the application of the Valsalva maneuver to significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of PFO detection. Thus, incorporating cTEE examinations under various stimulation states holds significant clinical importance for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of PFO diagnosis.
Ultraselective, Ultrahigh Resolution 1D TOCSY
Authors: Montgomery James R. D. , Gates Emma L. , Smith Marshall J. , Taylor Daniel A. , Bradley Jonathan P. , Berry Daniel B. G. , Kiraly Peter , Nilsson Mathias , Morris Gareth A. , Adams Ralph W. , Castañar Laura
Published: August 2024

Solution state 1H NMR spectroscopy provides valuable insights into molecular structure and conformation. However, when the spectrum exhibits severe signal overlap, it hampers the extraction of key structural information. Here, an ultraselective, ultrahigh resolution TOCSY method is introduced that greatly reduces spectral complexity, allowing the extraction of previously inaccessible spectral information. It combines the recently developed GEMSTONE excitation with homonuclear decoupling to provide highly simplified through‐bond correlation 1D 1H NMR spectra, showing all signals within the selected spin system as singlets. The new method can greatly facilitate the analysis of mixtures, as shown here for a mixture of Cinchona alkaloids (popular catalysts in asymmetric synthesis) and a mixture of glucocorticoids (used for treating conditions such as asthma).
Immobilization and Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfide by In‐Situ Generated Nickel in Hollow Carbon Fibers for High‐Rate Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Mingxu , Yang Rong , Meng Qinglong , Baek Dong‐Ho , Lim Hyung‐Tae , Kim Jae‐Kwang , Ahn Jou‐Hyeon
Published: August 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries are considered promising energy‐storage systems because of their high theoretical energy density, low cost, and eco‐friendliness. However, problems such as the shuttle effect can result in the loss of active materials, poor cyclability, and rapid capacity degradation. The utilization of a structural configuration that enhances electrochemical performance via dual adsorption–catalysis strategies can overcome the limitations of Li−S batteries. In this study, an integrated interlayer structure, in which hollow carbon fibers (HCFs) were modified with in‐situ‐generated Ni nanoparticles, was prepared by scalable one‐step carbonization. Highly hierarchically porous HCFs act as the carbon skeleton and provide a continuous three‐dimensional conductive network that enhances ion/electron diffusion. Ni nanoparticles with superior anchoring and catalytic abilities can prevent the shuttle effect and increase the conversion rate, thereby promoting the electrochemical performance. This synergistic effect resulted in a high capacity retention of 582 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 100 cycles, providing an excellent rate capability of up to 3 C. The novel structure, wherein Ni nanoparticles are embedded in cotton‐tissue‐derived HCFs, provides a new avenue for enhancing electrochemical performance at high C rates. This results in a low‐cost, sustainable, and high‐performance hybrid material for the development of practical Li−S batteries.
Decarboxylation of Hydroxybenzoic Acids to Phenol Via Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Oh Da Hae , Rashid Al Mamunur , Yoo Chun‐Jae , Ha Jeong‐Myeong , Koo Bonwook , Choi Jungkyu , Jeong Keunhong , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: August 2024

The development of greener and more sustainable synthesis processes for manufacturing commodity chemicals is of great importance. The majority of current phenol production methods involve harsh reaction conditions with high energy consumption, causing severe environmental pollution. In this study, we present a novel approach for the decarboxylation of hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs) to phenol using a choline chloride‐urea (ChCl‐urea) deep eutectic solvent (DES). Our study reveals the remarkable dual performance of ChCl‐urea both as a catalyst and solvent for the decarboxylation of HBA, resulting in a high phenol yield (94 mol %) under mild reaction conditions. The proposed reaction pathway, established through a combination of experiments and computational simulations, enhances our understanding of this process. The recyclability of the DES system during decarboxylation was also assessed. Our findings demonstrate that the integration of DES into conventional chemical processes can pave the way for sustainable manufacturing, exemplifying a novel approach for producing phenol from abundant natural resources using designer solvents.
Macroscopic state‐based reactive voltage control of virtual synchronous generator in AC microgrid
Authors: Li Fangyuan , Liu Yan , Liu Yanhong
Published: August 2024

In building a smarter and more flexible low‐carbon smart grid system, alternating current (AC) microgrids using virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology are viewed as a key link in integrating distributed renewable energy access into the main grid. Given that renewable energy sources (such as solar, hydroenergy, and wind) do not have sufficient capacity for reactive power when not available, AC microgrids face challenges in maintaining stable operation. In order to overcome this difficulty, it is hoped that digging deeper and applying more system information can significantly improve the overall performance of the microgrid. This paper proposes a novel method based on macroscopic state dynamic modeling. This method expands the understanding of the inherent rational control mechanism within the microgrid, enabling the overall control objective of the microgrid to be expressed in a more abstract and direct manner. Additionally, by implementing additional convergence constraint conditions on the macroscopic state dynamics, such as based on some optimality criteria, a set of macroscopic state controllers can be obtained to meet specific performance indicators. Theoretical analysis combined with simulation validation demonstrate the effectiveness of this macroscopic state based control strategy. It proves that when meeting the predefined design requirements, the designed controller can enhance the transient response of microgrids in practical applications, thus supporting higher rate of renewable energy access and promoting the development of the smart grid.
Analysis and design of a three‐coil IPT system with independent dual output ports
Authors: Zhou Xuebin , Dong Kangshuai , Wang Jiabin , Yang Lin
Published: August 2024

Industrial applications tend to involve a substantial assemblage of electronic devices, and it is imperative to consider diverse charging requirements while charging these devices. This paper proposes a three‐coil single‐input‐and‐dual‐output (SIDO) inductive power transfer (IPT) system to meet the charging requirements of different devices. The system includes two independent output ports, providing constant voltage (CV) output and constant current (CC) output for different loads, respectively. In addition, the zero‐phase angle (ZPA) operation can be achieved, thus avoiding injection of reactive power and improving energy transfer efficiency. Unlike previous related studies, the receiver of the proposed SIDO IPT system only includes one receiving coil to pick up energy, eliminating unnecessary cross‐coupling and complex decoupling circuits in traditional IPT systems with multiple outputs. This study first analyzes the CC/CV output theory of the proposed SIDO IPT system in detail, and designs and optimizes the parameters by establishing an equivalent model. Then, the conditions for achieving zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) operation of the inverter are obtained by analyzing the sensitivity of CC/CV performance to the variation of the compensation capacitors. Finally, a verification experimental prototype with 2.5A CC output and 72 V CV output is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IPT system.