bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Return to Work sebagai Bentuk Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja di Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan
Authors: Muthoharoh Dian Ayu Nurul , Wibowo Danang Ari
Published: June 2022

Pekerja atau buruh memiliki hak-hak yang dilindungi oleh hukum. Hak pekerja yang menjadi fokus bahasan dalam tulisan ini adalah hak atas keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Untuk melindungi hak tersebut, pemerintah memberikan jaminan sosial berupa Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja (JKK) bagi pekerja yang mengalami penyakit akibat kerja dan kecelakaan kerja. Kecelakaan kerja dapat menimbulkan dampak yang serius seperti cacat atau berpotensi cacat yang tentunya mempengaruhi kemampuan bekerja. Return to Work merupakan perluasan manfaat pada jaminan kecelakaan kerja, yaitu berupa pendampingan kepada peserta yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja yang menimbulkan cacat atau berpotensi cacat, mulai dari terjadinya musibah kecelakaan sampai dengan dapat kembali bekerja. Tujuan program ini adalah untuk memastikan pekerja yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja dapat kembali bekerja tanpa menghadapi risiko pemutusan hubungan kerja karena kecacatan yang dialaminya.
INTROSYM : Reformulasi Stolen Asset Recovery dalam Sistem Pemeriksaan Delik Korupsi Sektor Swasta
Authors: Pujianti Melta Setya Rahayu , Musyarri Fazal Akmal , Gheosa Paradisa Eksakta
Published: June 2022

“Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely” adalah adagium Lord Acton, sebagai refleksi adanya penyelewengan eksekutif dalam bentuk intervensi terhadap independensi saksi dari perusahaan terlapor. Selaras dengan pemikiran Romli Atmasasmita yang menyatakan meningkatnya angka korupsi di sektor swasta disebabkan karena ketidakberanian saksi dalam melaporkan kasus itu. Didukung oleh Laboratorium Ilmu Ekonomi UGM yang menyebutkan kerugian negara akibat korupsi swasta mencapai 40,53%, penulis menggagas ide Integrated Proofing System (INTROSYM), yang merupakan sistem penindakan kasus korupsi terpadu yang melibatkan perusahaan yang meliputi tahapan pelaporan saksi dari pihak dalam (whistle blower). Namun terdapat aset korupsi yang dilarikan ke luar negeri, terutama ke negara tertentu seperti Swiss. Negara tersebut menyimpan rahasia aset dengan ketat sehingga sulit untuk dilakukan pembuktian meskipun pihak yang meminta pembukaan kasus dan pembuktian adalah negara tempat pihak pemilik aset. Sehingga dibutuhkan suatu regulasi khusus yang dapat membuka transparansi pembuktian aset suatu perusahaan yang disimpan di luar negeri. Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) merupakan kerjasama antara World Bank dan merupakan produk dari United Nation of Drugs and Crime yang mengimplementasikan UNCAC. StAR memudahkan negara dalam membuka kasus dan melakukan pembuktian terhadap aset perusahaan. Selama ini sudah banyak negara yang menerapkan STAR, namun hanya diterapkan pada aset yang dimiliki oleh individu maupun pejabat negara. Sehingga StAR dapat lebih dioptimalkan fungsinya dengan menerapkannya pada aset yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan. Diharapkan pengejakulantahan INTROSYM dapat menurunkan tindak pidana korupsi di sektor swasta yang susah di brantas dan diselesaikan di ranah hukum Indonesia.
Fungsi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah dalam Penanganan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019
Authors: Pujianti Melta Setya Rahayu
Published: June 2022

Negara Indonesia merupakan negara yang berada di kawasan persimpangan antarsamudera, antarbenua, antarbudaya, antarkekuatan ekonomi, bahkan antarperadaban yang mengakibatkan munculnya potensi bencana dan kejadian-kejadian luar biasa atau dikenal dengan Keadaan Darurat (State Emergency). Oleh karena itu, perangkat peraturan perundang-undangan dalam keadaan normal tidak compatible apabila diterapkan dalam keadaan tidak normal karena umumnya keadaan tidak normal merupakan sesuatu yang unpredictable. Di Indonesia, dasar konstitusional dalam menjalankan Hukum Darurat diatur dalam Pasal 12 UUD 1945. Sayangnya, Pasal 12 UUD 1945 hanya sekali dirujuk dalam peraturan perundang-undangan berlabel “darurat” dan selebihnya tidak merujuk, termasuk UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan. Padahal, Pasal 12 UUD 1945 menjadi legitimasi untuk menerapkan peraturan perundang-undangan secara luar biasa. Dengan tidak merujuknya UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 kepada Pasal 12 UUD 1945, maka idealnya UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 merupakan rezim hukum biasa. Namun, melihat rumusan Pasal 4 dan 10 ayat (1) mengandung makna bahwa UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 berjalan sebagai Hukum Darurat. Timbul anomali di satu sisi UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 merupakan hukum biasa, namun diterapkan dalam Keadaan Darurat. Hal tersebut yang coba penulis permasalahkan dalam kekarantinaan kesehatan di daerah. Dengan anomali dalam UU No. 6 Tahun 2018, pelaksanaan Keadaan Darurat ada pada domain Pemerintah Daerah dan tidak melibatkan DPRD. Padahal dalam penanganan Keadaan Darurat banyak bersinggungan dengan fungsi DPRD.
Urgensi Penambahan Parameter Potensi Lokal dalam Pengalokasian Formulasi Dana Desa sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Pariwisata Lokal di Indonesia
Authors: Sunarso Puspita Putri , Rahmawati Eka , Musyarri Fazal Akmal
Published: June 2022

Perkembangan pariwisata di Indonesia dewasa ini mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Pariwasata merupakan salah satu penyumbang pendapatan devisa negara yang cukup besar. Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia dari sektor pariwisata pada tahun 2010 sebesar 261,05 Triliun Rupiah. Angka tersebut meroket menjadi 461,36 Triliun Rupiah pada tahun 2015. Hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari peranan potensi pariwisata yang besar di Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan negara kesatuan yang terdiri atas pulau-pulau yang berjajar dari Sabang sampai Merauke yang mempunyai potensi pariwisata yang cukup beragam. Dalam bentangan wilayah Indonesia tersebut, terdapat satuan terkecil masyarakat yang disebut dengan desa. Desa diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Desa merupakan bagian terkecil pada suatu wilayah yang memiliki potensi-potensi tertentu yang dapat dikembangkan tidak hanya berdasarkan keadaan geografisnya, namun juga dapat memanfaatkan kondisi sosiologis dan antropologis masyarakat. Misalnya desa yang berada di daerah pesisir dapat mengembangkan potensi pariwisata budidaya perikanan dan sumber daya perairan. Sedangkan desa yang berada di daerah pegunungan dapat mengembangkan potensi pariwisata berbentuk edukasi berbasis ekowisata. Sektor pariwisata desa juga dapat dikembangkan dari kekayaan budaya yang hidup diantara masyarakat. Namun seiring berkembangnya waktu, problematika muncul dalam upaya pengelolaan pariwisata. Problematika tersebut yaitu kurang optimalnya peran pemerintah dalam mengelola potensi pariwisata terutama di desa. Di sisi lain, dalam rangka mengoptimalisasi kewenangan desa sebagai tatanan pemerintahan terkecil yang berwenang mengurus dan mengatur rumah tangganya sendiri, pemerintah dalam Undang-Undang Desa memberikan bantuan finansial berupa Dana Desa yang berasal dari dana alokasi dasar sebesar 90% yang besarannya sama untuk semua desa kemudian ditambah dengan Dana Formulasi sebesar 10% yang menjadi pembeda nominal dana desa yang diterima. Dana Formulasi disesuaikan dengan Jumlah Penduduk Desa (25%), Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Desa (35%), Luas Wilayah Desa (10%) dan tingkat kesulitan geografis (30%). Sayangnya pembagian parameter tersebut bersifat konsumtif dan bukan produktif, dalam artian tidak terdapat pembagian parameter untuk Potensi Lokal desa yang berbeda antara desa yang satu dengan desa yang lain. Oleh karena itu, penulis menggagas ide berupa penambahan parameter Potensi Lokal desa dalam pembagian Dana Formulasi dana desa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Adapun penambahan parameter Potensi Lokal dalam pembagian Dana Formulasi dana desa mencakup potensi sektor pariwisata desa. Dengan diimplementasikannya gagasan ini diharapkan dapat mengoptimalisasi upaya pengelolaan pariwisata serta meningkatkan potensi sektor pariwisata di pedesaan Indonesia.
Analisis Perkembangan Lembaga Negara Pasca Reformasi Ditinjau dari Perspektif Politik Hukum
Authors: Suryono Adityadarma Bagus Priasmoro
Published: June 2022

Politik hukum ialah serangkaian konsep, asas, kebijakan dasar dan pernyataan kehendak penguasa negara yang mengandung politik pembentukan hukum, politik penentuan hukum dan politik penerapan serta penegakan hukum, menyangkut fungsi lembaga dan pembinaan para penegak hukum untuk menentukan arah, bentuk maupun isi hukum yang akan dibentuk, hukum yang berlaku di wilayahnya dan mengenai arah perkembangan hukum yang dibangun serta untuk mencapai tujuan negara. Politik Hukum Indonesia mengalami perubahan dan rekonstruksi pasca transisi atau pergantian rezim pemerintahan dari Orde Lama dan Orde Baru ke era reformasi. Seiring dengan perubahan konfigurasi politik dari otoriter pada rezim orde baru menjadi demokratis pasca reformasi, maka banyak tuntutan yang disuarakan oleh elemen masyarakat untuk memperbaiki kondisi dan struktur ketatanegaraan pasca orde baru, termasuk dalam hal lembaga negara.
Pembatasan Hak Veto dalam DK-PBB Terkait Konflik Bersenjata di Suriah
Authors: Adi Danang Wahyu Setyo
Published: June 2022

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) merupakan organisasi tatanan internasional baru yang dibentuk setelah kegagalan Liga Bangsa-Bangsa (LBB) pasca perang dunia. Di dalam PBB, terdapat organ-organ penting salah satunya adalah Dewan Keamanan (Security Council) dengan lima anggota tetap meliputi Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Rusia, Perancis dan China. Lima anggota tetap tersebut memiliki kewenangan untuk mengeluarkan hak Veto terhadap kebijakan yang akan ditetapkan. Termasuk salah satunya adalah kebijakan untuk mengeluarkan resolusi terhadap kasus konflik bersenjata di Suriah. Tulisan ini akan membahas dengan lebih mendalam berkaitan dengan kebijakan resolusi tersebut ditinjau dari sumber hukum internasional dan teori-teori yang berkaitan. Termasuk dalam hal ini penulis mengritisi konsepsi hak Veto yang melekat pada lima negara anggota tetap Dewan Keamanan PBB yang seharusnya ditujukan dan digunakan untuk mencapai perdamaian dunia dan bukan untuk kepentingan tertentu.
Ganti Rugi Korban Terorisme Ditinjau dari Perspektif Sosio-Legal
Authors: Musyarri Fazal Akmal
Published: June 2022

Aksi Terorisme merupakan bentuk kejahatan nyata yang pernah menjadi sorotan beberapa waktu terakhir. Bahkan, di akhir 2020 ini, ditemukan jejak gembong yang disinyalir merupakan pelatihan terorisme di wilayah Jawa Barat. Hal ini mendorong bukan saja kajian mengenai kejahatan terorisme tapi juga perlu untuk memikirkan nasib dari orang-orang yang menjadi korban tindak pidana terorisme sebagai suatu Extra Ordinary Crime. Terorisme dikatakan sangat jahat karena sifatnya yang terorganisir dan dapat menimbulkan korban nyawa, luka fisik, hingga kerugian baik secara materiil maupun non-materiil. Hal inilah yang perlu dibahas juga dalam perspektif hukum. Bukan hanya dari segi normatif karena pada dasarnya, pengaturan mengenai ganti kerugian terhadap korban terorisme masih menimbulkan tanda tanya dalam kondisi pelaku yang meninggal dunia atau belum ditemukannya sindikasi yang bertanggungjawab terhadap aksi terorisme. Oleh karena itulah di dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas mengenai ganti rugi korban terorisme tidak hanya dari pandangan normatif akan tetapi juga sosio-legal.
Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Tampur-I Terkait dengan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Putusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Banda Aceh Nomor 7/G/Lh/2019/PTUN.BNA
Authors: Syahrizal Moch. Daffa
Published: June 2022

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air ditentukan sebagai sumber emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) oleh perkembangan keilmuan. WALHI menggugat Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan (IPPKH) yang dikeluarkan guna pembangunan PLTA Tampur-I. Berdasarkan penelitian dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, PLTA sebagai sumber emisi GRK belum diinventarisasi sehingga keberadaannya dalam bentuk Baku Mutu Emisi maupun AMDAL tidak ditemukan. Kemudian mengenai gugatan WALHI, Putusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Banda Aceh Nomor 7/G/LH/2019/PTUN.BNA yang telah sesuai dengan hukum mampu menjadi pelindung hutan di Aceh saat instrumen perizinan dan AMDAL telah gagal.
Konsensus Setengah Hati: Perjalanan Peradilan Agama Menuju Sistem Satu Atap (1999-2004)
Authors: Hayati Dian Kurnia
Published: June 2022

Ketika era Reformasi, hukum Islam memiliki ruang di muka publik. Hal itu juga diperkuat dengan kebijakan negara untuk mereformasi berbagai sendi kehidupan, termasuk bidang hukum. Agenda reformasi hukum memberi ruang untuk memperkuat hukum Islam secara institusional melalui Peradilan Agama. Dalam hal ini, Peradilan Agama hendak diintegrasikan di bawah Mahkamah Agung untuk mengakhiri dualisme pembinaan dan pengawasan ganda antara Mahkamah Agung dan Departemen Agama. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis membahas perbedaan pandangan antara pihak Pengadilan Agama, Departemen Agama, dan Mahkamah Agung dalam proses integrasi Peradilan Agama di bawah satu atap. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Sumber utama yang digunakan adalah arsip primer berupa risalah sidang Rancangan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 1999 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Rancangan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2004 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, majalah, dan surat kabar sezaman. Temuan baru dalam artikel ini adalah pro dan kontra dalam proses integrasi Peradilan Agama disebabkan oleh perbedaan kepentingan di antara para pemangku kepentingan. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor integrasi Peradilan Agama tidak terbatas pada landasan ideal untuk mewujudkan independensi peradilan dalam bingkai reformasi, tetapi berkaitan erat dengan aspek ekonomi dan politik.
TRIASTHLET (Three Eyes of Athlete Welfare): Upaya Perlindungan Hukum dan Hak Atas Kesejahteraan Atlet Sepak Bola pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Herlin Sri , Maulana Irqi Sheva , Ticoalu Luna Dezeana
Published: June 2022

Atlet sepak bola saat ini memiliki kondisi yang diperparah dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19. Salah satunya yakni terkait dengan kontrak kerja para atlet sepak bola saat ini dan juga cara penyelesaian sengketa terkait masalah tersebut. Oleh karena itu penulis membuat alternatif pemecahan masalah yakni “TRIASTHLET (Three Eyes of Athlete Welfare): Upaya Perlindungan Hukum dan Hak Atas Kesejahteraan Atlet Sepak Bola Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia” yang berupa sebuah konsep perlindungan, pemenuhan hak-hak atlet dan penyelesaian sengketa atlet yang berperkara. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Anak Incest Berdasarkan Hukum Negara Indonesia
Authors: Putri Afifah Rindi , Prasetya Wardhani Nindya , Dhinda Salsabila Aura Shava
Published: June 2022

Perkawinan merupakan ikatan seorang pria dengan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri untuk membentuk keluarga bahagia dan kekal. Perkawinan dapat dikatakan sah atau tidak sah tergantung telah atau tidak terpenuhinya syarat-syarat perkawinan yang diatur pasal 6-12 Undang-Undang Perkawinan. Akan tetapi, diantara pasal tersebut yakni pasal 8 disebutkan pula perkawinan yang dilarang, salah satunya yaitu karena hubungan darah dalam garis keturunan. Perkawinan tersebut dinamakan perkawinan sedarah (Incest). Permasalahannya di Indonesia yakni adanya masyarakat yang melakukan perkawinan sedarah tersebut dan bagaimana jika dalam perwakinan tersebut lahir seorang anak. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui perlindungan hukum terhadap hak anak Incest berdasarkan hukum negara Indonesia.
Urgensi Pengaturan Mekanisme Pemanfaatan Data Pribadi dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi
Authors: Pratana I Wayan Atmanu Wira
Published: June 2022

Perlindungan Data Pribadi merupakan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat global dewasa ini. Persoalan Data Pribadi meliputi berbagai aspek kenegaraan seperti hukum, politik, dan ekonomi. Kasus Cambridge Analytica pada pemilu AS tahun 2016 semakin mendorong berbagai negara khususnya Indonesia berupaya merancang produk legislasi untuk mengatur perlindungan Data Pribadi. Berdasarkan hasil studi yang dilakukan, terdapat urgensi pengaturan mekanisme pemanfaatan Data Pribadi, baik oleh pemerintah, perusahaan swasta, dan lembaga independen. Serta perlu dirancang mekanisme satu pintu terhadap izin dan pengawasan pemanfaatan Data Pribadi di Indonesia melalui pembentukan State Auxiliary Organ.
Pelaksanaan Hukum Adat dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur Berkelanjutan
Authors: Ramadhani Mutiara , Riyanti Diyah Ayu
Published: June 2022

Pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia bukan hal yang mudah dalam pelaksanaannya. Karena adanya keanekaragaman dari kebudayaan dan keadaan geografis, membuat Indonesia harus mengupayakan pembangunan infrastruktur sesuai dengan masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dasar hukum pemanfaatan tanah masyarakat adat serta peran dan pelaksanaan hukum adat dalam pembangunan infrastruktur berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui bahan kajian hukum primer dan sekunder guna menemukan jawaban terhadap penelitian. Dengan ini dihasilkan sebuah kesimpulan bahwa pembangunan infrastruktur yang menggunakan hak ulayat untuk kepentingan umum dapat dilakukan dengan cara penyerahan tanah oleh penguasa bersama pemilik hak ulayat berdasarkan pada kesepakatan antar masyarakat adat dan ketentuan yang berlaku.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Tanah di Atas Tanah Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Rangka Proyek Strategi Nasional (PSN) Demi Kepentingan Umum
Authors: Angela Krisna , Setyawati Anik
Published: June 2022

Pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia bukan hal yang mudah dalam pelaksanaannya. Karena adanya keanekaragaman dari kebudayaan dan keadaan geografis, membuat Indonesia harus mengupayakan pembangunan infrastruktur sesuai dengan masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dasar hukum pemanfaatan tanah masyarakat adat serta peran dan pelaksanaan hukum adat dalam pembangunan infrastruktur berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui bahan kajian hukum primer dan sekunder guna menemukan jawaban terhadap penelitian. Dengan ini dihasilkan sebuah kesimpulan bahwa pembangunan infrastruktur yang menggunakan hak ulayat untuk kepentingan umum dapat dilakukan dengan cara penyerahan tanah oleh penguasa bersama pemilik hak ulayat berdasarkan pada kesepakatan antar masyarakat adat dan ketentuan yang berlaku.
Tanggung Jawab Orang Tua Sebagai Wali dalam Pengurusan Harta Waris Anak di Bawah Umur Berdasarkan Hukum Islam
Authors: Dzaky Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Timbulnya Perwalian diakibatkan putusnya perkawinan baik karena kematian maupun putusan pengadilan akan selalu membawa akibat hukum baik terhadap suami atau isteri, anak-anak maupun harta kekayaannya terutama terhadap anak-anak yang masih di bawah umur. Tulisan ini akan melakukan analisis bagaimana kewenangan orang tua sebagai wali dalam pengurusan harta waris anak di bawah umur berdasarkan Hukum Islam dan pengambilan keputusan mengenai kewenangan dan implementasi orang tua sebagai wali ahli waris terhadap harta warisan. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa Perwalian disini berkewajiban mengurus diri dan harta anak yang di bawah perwaliannya dan berkewajiban memberikan bimbingan agama, pendidikan, dan keterampilan lainnya.
Damping Behaviour of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grafting on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Friction Material
Authors: Konada N.K. , Suman K.N.S.
Published: June 2022

An automobile's braking system plays an important role to control the vehicle at various operating speeds. At present, the brake friction industry is mainly focused on effectiveness of braking in addition to aesthetic considerations of an automobile. In this research, carbon fiber reinforced friction material is developed by grafting multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized (MWCNTS-F) on CF surface. The surface of CF is basically chemically inert and hydrophobic in nature and needs to be modified by grafting MWCNTS-F on its surface to increase hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. An attempt is made to improve the bonding strength between CF, polymer matrix and the remaining ingredients. Carbon fiber content after surface modification is varied in weight percentor wt% (2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and mixed with the remaining ingredients of friction material. Composite sheets are prepared using hand lay-up method and characterized for damping, SEM, TGA and FTIR analysis. It is observed that MWCNTS-F grafted on CF 3 wt% possess good damping results. The results also reveal that, optimum selection of ingredients and surface treatment method on CF is the main reason for improvement of the composite’s interfacial adhesion and damping behavior.
Numerical Simulation of Combustion Behavior of DI Diesel Engine with Conjunction of AMR and Embedding Refinement Strategies
Authors: Naima K. , Liazid A. , Bousbaa H.
Published: June 2022

Currently, computational fluid dynamics has become an effective supplement to experimentation in the analysis and development of various engineering systems including internal combustion engines. In fact, multi-dimensional modelling of IC engines is less extensive and less time consuming than experimentation. In this aim, CONVERGE code was used to study the combustion behavior in a DI engine with various mesh control techniques including embedding and Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR). The simulation covers the compression, spray, combustion and expansion. A single spray plume and 1/6th of the combustion cylinder (60 degrees) is simulated. In light of the simulation results it is extremely recommended to use AMR approach in conjunction with embedding around the nozzle for running engine simulations.
Updating the Child Restraint Systems Reference List for ASEAN NCAP
Authors: Abu Husain N. , Mohd Zaki N.I. , Che Husin S.M. , Ahmad Y. , Abu Kassim K.A.
Published: June 2022

Child car occupants must be secured using appropriate Child Restraint Systems (CRS) in order to reduce the risk of severe injuries in the case of crashes or emergency braking. As part of ASEAN NCAP protocol, the so-called "CRS Reference List" of widely available, well performing child seats was established to assess a vehicle’s ability to safely and correctly accommodate child seats. In 2017, ASEAN NCAP introduced a new upper and lower limit crash pulse curve to better represent crashworthiness of cars available in the ASEAN market. With this new curve, the CRS Reference List must be reviewed accordingly; which is the aim of this project. This paper describes the process to update the CRS Reference List, starting from exploring the potential of CRS in three ASEAN markets (i.e., Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia). The identified CRS were then evaluated based on several selection criteria (i.e., availability, regulation approved, weight group combination, price, size and installation direction). Based on the evaluation, several CRS are shortlisted for further technical assessment following ASEAN NCAP Child Occupant Protection (COP) protocol. The CRS shortlist is presented in this paper. However, the proposed CRS Reference List will not be disclosed in this work.
Is Malaysia Ready to Adopt Autonomous Vehicles?
Authors: Abu Kassim K.A. , Mohd Jawi Z. , Nasruddin M.A.
Published: June 2022

Malaysia is a rapidly developing country with the potential for growth of future technologies. Autonomous Vehicle (AV) is one of these new technologies which evokes both excitement and apprehension among the general public. This paper shall discuss Malaysia's preparedness to accept AV on its roads. Finally, this paper will also explain the possible steps to facilitate efforts to have AVs on Malaysia's roads in the imminent future.
Aluminium-based Light-weight Bus Superstructure Design to Comply to Global Rollover Regulations
Authors: Hakim M.L. , Santosa S.P. , Jusuf A. , Gunawan L. , Abu Kassim K.A. , Ahmad Y.
Published: June 2022

The number of vehicle accidents in Indonesia has an upward trend as a consequence of the yearly increasing number of motor vehicles. Rollover accidents, especially those involving bus, have the highest number of fatality due to the limited strength of bus superstructure. Common bus superstructure is constructed by using a standard medium strength steel. This makes the bus has heavy mass with high center of gravity which influences its rollover propensity. Hence, an improvement of bus superstructure with light-weight concept and higher rollover resistance is needed. In this study, a bus superstructure is redesigned by changing its material from steel to aluminium 6061-T6. The new superstructure is redesigned by adding the extruded-roof-edge and by thickening parts that function as energy absorbers during accident. Rollover simulations of the bus with modified superstructure are then carried out using finite element analysis and the superstructure is evaluated by using regulations related to roof crush resistance i.e. FMVSS 216 which uses force method and UN R66 which uses energy method. The results show that the new design of aluminium-based bus superstructure fulfils the FMVSS 216 and UN R66. The results also indicate that by using aluminium material the empty weight of the bus is reduced by 40%, which will improve its rollover stability and fuel efficiency.
Assessing the Public Opinion on Autonomous Vehicles in Malaysia
Authors: Abu Kassim K.A. , Nasruddin M.A. , Mohd Jawi Z.
Published: June 2022

Public perception is an important measuring tool to determine a country's readiness to adopt the Autonomous Vehicle (AV). However, depending on the respondents' locality, the perception of a new technology will normally vary; hence it is important to evaluate the response of individuals from a specific background. This paper will focus on the Malaysian populace and assess their opinions on the AV or self-driving car. A Google online survey was carried out to discover the opinions of Malaysians on this matter. The finding suggests that the general public does have a positive opinion on AV. A majority of them would trust the technology to safely drive them to their destination. However, when presented with three different safety-related situations, the results showed a high number of respondents were very concerned with the probable outcomes. Finally, respondents were open to the idea of the disabled operating an AV but were apprehensive by the thought that youngsters/non-drivers could mishandle the technology.
Numerical Assessment of Motorcyclist Accident
Authors: Hynčík L. , Bońkowski T. , Lv W.
Published: June 2022

Road traffic accidents cause one of the highest numbers of severe injuries. Virtual human body models play an important role to assess the injuries during impact loading especially for scenarios, where complex dynamical loading is taken into account. It concerns mainly vulnerable road users, where motorcyclists are addressed. The risk of fatal injuries connected to motorcycle usage is still one of the biggest among all modes of transportation. Due to a complicated interaction between a motorcycle and an opposite vehicle during their crash, the virtual approach is an optimal way towards a crash reconstruction. The presented work shows the exploitation of virtual a human body model in the injury assessment during the motorcycle against car accident using the virtual approach by the numerical simulation. The study exploits an existing human body model as a helmeted motorcycle rider, couples it to a motorcycle model and runs a simulation, where the motorcycle impacts an opposite vehicle according to a real case. Injury assessment and comparison to the real case is analysed. The paper shows the advantages of the virtual approach in a complex impact scenario reconstruction in order to optimize the personal protective equipment for injury risk reduction in future transport.
Child Presence Detection System and Technologies
Authors: Ismail N.H.F. , Abu Husain N. , Mansor M.S.F. , Baharuddin M.M. , Mohd Zaki N.I. , Abu Husain M.K. , Ma'aram A. , Wiyono A.S. , Chaiyakul T. , Ahmad Y.
Published: June 2022

Child Presence Detection (CPD) is a safety system designed to assist drivers to prevent the consequences of mistakenly left children in closed parked vehicles. Recently, ASEAN NCAP has released its 2021-2025 Roadmap that outlines the implementation of CPD technology as an initiative to prevent such incidences from happening in the future. This paper aims to provide an overview of these CPD systems and their associated technologies that are readily embedded in vehicles, or commercially available in the market.
The Impact of Human Resource Practices in Car Manufacturing Industry: Using a Job Characteristic Model
Authors: Abu Samah I.H. , Ramlan S.N. , Abu Bakar S. , Radzi W.N.W.M. , Abashah A.N. , Hashim M.S.M. , Harun A. , Ahmad W.K.W.
Published: June 2022

Today, car safety has become the main concern for every car manufacturer in Malaysia. It requires good employees and management practices in sustaining the value of safety features in producing cars. Human resource plays a greater role in every organization including the car manufacturing industry. The value of a company is greater when they have expertise in their organization, knowledgeable workers and a good working environment in terms of facilities, organizational support, and management practices. This paper analyses human resource practices in the car manufacturing industry in terms of training and development and working environment by using the Job Characteristic Model (JCM). Despite the technologically driven industry, the human touch is crucial - an employee at all levels in the car manufacturing industry needs to be aware of the business goal, vision and mission of the company in producing the safest car. This study concludes that human resource practices have a significant relationship in producing safer cars in terms of training and development. This study warrants future research where human resource practices should be considered a crucial role in the technical and engineering area.
Parametric Study of a Blind Spot Zone: Case Studies of Perodua Viva, Perodua Myvi and Proton Suprima
Authors: Muhamad Azmi M.S. , Ismail A.H. , Hashim M.S.M. , Azizizol M.S. , Abu Bakar S. , Kamarrudin N.S. , Ibrahim I.I. , Zuradzman M.R. , Harun A. , Ibrahim I. , Faizi M.K. , Saad M.A.M. , Rani M.F.H. , Rojan M.A. , Md Isa M.H.
Published: June 2022

The initial works on Blind Spot Zone (BSZ) identification presents the importance of the blind spot towards the everyday drive. The alarming collision rate in the blind spot zone especially when changing lanes has triggered the necessity of BSZ detection and warning system, focusing on a daily-used and affordable car segment. Such technologies are recently available at top variant cars. Therefore, a low cost yet facilitative BSZ detection and warning system is required. This paper presents the continuity experimental result of identification of the BSZ of three different car segments, i.e. Perodua Viva in a compact A-segment car, Perodua Myvi in a compact B-segment and Proton Suprima in a C- segment hatchback. Instead of using volunteered persons, this paper presents a dedicated platform with adjustable heights and camera to replace the human. The results show that the blind spot area and angle is affected by types of car model and driver heights. Also, the relationship between the blind spot area and angle with driver height can be shown in a straight line.
Public Perception on Autonomous Vehicle in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Jamil H. , Shabadin A. , Hashim H.H. , Poi A.W.H. , Hamidun R. , Roslan A. , Abd Ghani M.R.
Published: June 2022

Autonomous Vehicle (AV), also known as self-driving or driverless vehicles, is a technology that intends to replace driving tasks traditionally performed by human drivers. This study aims to gain a better understanding of opinions, concerns, and general acceptance by Malaysian drivers regarding autonomous and self-driving vehicles. The survey questionnaires were adopted from Schoettle & Sivak (2014b) on the topic of public acceptance of driverless vehicles and what would the respondents do when they are not driving. The survey was conducted among the general public in Malaysia inclusive of 19 questions to address topics on public awareness and understanding about AV, benefits of AV, concerns on AV, attitudes toward owning or sharing AV, willingness to pay for AV and their use of free time while riding AV. A total of 520 respondents involved in this survey, however the analysis only considered the respondents who have heard of AV, which amounted to 361 via face to face interview and online survey form. Based on the survey,63.7% were male and 36.3% female. Only 15.2% of the respondents said that they would not ride in a completely self-driving vehicles. AV is also expected to provide a wide range of benefits that attracted most of the respondents. The majority of the respondents expect lower vehicle emission and better fuel economy. Most respondents were also concerned with issues related to AV especially on safety consequences of equipment failure. The survey also shows that most Malaysians are not willing to invest in owning a driverless vehicle. Future studies should continuously consider people’s perception from different perspectives, by taking into account various user viewpoints and characteristics.
Assessing Motorcycle Safety Helmet Standards Compliance
Authors: Hamzah A. , Helmy Syamza M.T.S. , Ahmad M.A. , Ariffin A.H. , Solah M.S. , Paiman N.F.
Published: June 2022

This study attempts to analyse new helmet performance which was certified to MS1:1996 standards (impact energy attenuation and penetration resistance) with respect to a newly established standard MS1:2011 which has a strong resemblance to the United Nations Regulation No 22 (UNR22). Few helmet models were randomly purchased and tests were performed in an established technical laboratory. The result indicated that one of five popular models was able to meet the requirements of the new standards. The rest of the helmet samples were only managed to pass partially, for example they performed well in the frontal impact test but performed poorly in the lateral impact. Few helmets failed to meet the minimum impact speed requirements. In brief, the new standards are more comprehensive and have more demanding requirements for existing product range to comply with and some changes to the existing helmet design may be necessary and it is achievable.
Finite Element Bus Rollover Test Verification
Authors: Abdul Hamid I. , Kamarudin K.A. , Osman M.R. , Zainal Abidin A.N.S. , Zulkipli Z.H. , Mohd Jawi Z. , Md Isa M.H. , Solah M.S. , Hamzah A. , Ariffin A.H.
Published: June 2022

This study is conducted to verify the rollover test of the finite element bus model. Verification is a process of determining that a computational model accurately represents the theoretical mathematical model and its solutions. In case of bus rollover simulation, the verification process is by looking into its energy balance, in which all energy associated with the bus rollover process must be equal and preserved before and after the rollover. Any energy imbalance indicates errors in the rollover process and must be rectified so that the errors remain in acceptable tolerance. The main energies involved in calculations are potential energy, kinetic energy, internal energy, contact energy, rigidwall energy, damping energy, hourglass energy, and total energy. The finite element bus model used is CONTRAST bus developed by CM/E Group, Politecnico di Milano. The rollover test standard used is UN R66, and the software used to set up and solve the simulation are LS-PrePost and LS- DYNA. Energy balance and energy ratio from the rollover simulation shows that the verification procedure is followed, results are within acceptable values, and the rollover test is verified.
A Study on Commercial Vehicle Speeds and Its Operational Characteristics
Authors: Ho J.S. , Abdul Manan M.M.
Published: June 2022

A commercial vehicle is the backbone of the logistics industry which drives a vibrant economy of a country. Nevertheless, commercial or heavy vehicle-related accident is drawing serious attention. The height, weight and width dimension of the commercial vehicles reduce the visibility of other drivers and thereby increase the risk of an accident. Furthermore, due to the evolution of technology, larger trucks are now equipped with higher horsepower where a lot of speeding-related accidents were reported. This study is set to evaluate the speed profile for different types of commercial vehicles at different road hierarchy. The results indicate that in general most of the heavy vehicles (4.39%-98.61%) travelled fast and did not comply with the speed limits posted on different types of road hierarchy. The lower the posted speed limit the higher the percentage of non-compliance rates which means that the compliance increase as the speed limit increase. The majority of the commercial vehicles (28%-57%) occupied the middle lanes and those smaller sizes of vehicles (as compared to other sizes of commercial vehicles) had more tendencies to travel on the fast lane.
Application of TRIZ Method in Developing Vehicle Lane Support System Testing Infrastructure for Raining Condition
Authors: Mansor M.R. , Nurfaizey A.H. , Masripan N.A. , Tamaldin N. , Omar G. , Akop M.Z. , Salim M.A. , Saad A.M. , Majid M.H.A. , Maamor M.H.M. , Solah M.S. , Herawan S.G.
Published: June 2022

Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is an inventive problem-solving method developed to find a solution for issues involving contradictions. The TRIZ method was applied to develop a new method of simulating raining weather conditions for vehicle lane support system (LSS) on-road testing infrastructure. The objective of the project was to develop a mechanical solution capable of dispensing a consistent amount of water to a moving vehicle to simulate raining weather conditions, while at the same time it is portable and easy to set up. Based on the requirement, the TRIZ 40 inventive principles were applied as the solution, based on the principles of “the other way around”, “segmentation”, “dynamicity” and “feedback”. The specific solution generated based on the inventive principles identified was to make both the vehicle and the rain simulating machine movable during the on-road test. This is achieved by creating a customized rain machine that can be fitted onto a moving vehicle. This simple setup enabled both vehicle-under-test (VUT) and the rain machine vehicle to move simultaneously during the test, at any test speed and type of test track desired. Furthermore, the rain machine itself is designed with the capability to dispense the water by using a control unit, hence making the testing method safer and less human effort required. Based on the literature review, there is yet no similar solution for simulating raining conditions in LSS on-road test made using the same principle developed in this project. The innovative portable rain machine developed in this project could also be applied for other Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) test protocols requiring similar raining testing conditions especially involving moving VUT.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) System for Pedestrian: A Review
Authors: Fitri N.F. , Khamis N.K. , Koetniyom S. , Solah M.S. , Johari M.H. , Jawi Z.M. , Abu Kassim K.A. , Mansor M.R.A.
Published: June 2022

Many possible actions can be taken to improve road safety, thus reducing the number of fatalities and injuries. These include improving the enforcement of existing rules, improving infrastructure, improving driver behavior, and introducing safety technologies in vehicles. Annually in Malaysia, around 500 pedestrians are killed in road traffic crashes. Around 40% of these are hit by the front of a car. Third largest contributor group in terms of fatality. Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) systems fitted to cars for pedestrians have been predicted to offer substantial benefits. The rapid development of pedestrian safety is in progress worldwide. With forward‐looking sensor systems entering the vehicle fleet, the possibility to detect pedestrians in advance opens new possibilities to injury mitigation. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is to be done on the implementation of the AEB Pedestrian system in ASEAN countries. An estimation of potential benefit for ASEAN is to be done and to do so, a suitable methodology is required. Limitations to the method will be reduced by performing adequate sensitivity analysis on major data such as cost.
Development of Composite Motorcycling Safety Index along Urban Roads in Malaysia
Authors: Tan A.P. , Hamid H. , Law T.H. , Jakarni F.M. , Wong S.V.
Published: June 2022

Motorcycle is a preferred private transportation mode (45%) among Malaysian due to its affordability and eases to move around especially in the hectic urban areas. These vulnerable road users are exposed to greater risk in road collisions due to sharing the roadway with other motor vehicles and unprotected. Worse still, the road was designed without concern for the motorcycle's characteristics. No doubt, segregating motorcycles exclusively from the roadway is an effective engineering measure to address motorcycle safety. But it may not be feasible to introduce in the well-built urban areas. Identification of the road and traffic variables that affecting safe motorcycling in the urban roadway is an initiative to create a safer riding environment. The initial study was carried out to identified traffic and roadway variables that affecting safe motorcycling. The seven pre-determined variables that were found to significantly influencing Malaysian motorcycle riders' safety perception are: pavement condition, paved shoulder width, posted speed limit, mixed traffic volume, type of roadway, lane width, and parking condition. These pre-determined variables were further investigated in the subsequent study, questionnaire with fourteen short video clips representing different traffic and roadway conditions was aired to 483 respondents to rate the motorcycling safety score (MSS) based on their safe riding perception. The response on MSS was further developed into Motorcycling Safety Index (MSI). Lastly, 114 combinations of different traffic and roadway conditions for seven pre-determined variables were formed to establish the Composite MSI boundary. The development of Composite MSI is to enable the road authorities and agencies and/or practitioners to assess the problematic road segments that required immediate remedial actions.
Evaluation of SUV Roof Crush Analysis using Alternative Non-Linear Structural Analysis Solver
Authors: Tofrowaih K.A. , Sulaiman S.N. , Abdul Samad M.S. , Azlan K.A. , Ab Razak M.S. , Abdul Rahman M.H. , Syah Lubis A.M.H. , Achmad Joehary A.L.
Published: June 2022

Accidents involving rollover in countries although low in numbers, recorded the highest Killed & Severed Injury (KSI) index and highest fatality index. The roof Crush Resistance test has been found to be one of the relevant tests to anticipate the impact of rollover incidents. However, a very limited number of research has been done on roof crush analysis using non-linear RADIOSS solver. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop an FE model for roof crush analysis using RADIOSS and to validate and compare the RADIOSS model to LS-DYNA. An SUV is selected, and its finite element (FE) model obtained from CCSA is converted from LS-DYNA to RADIOSS with equivalent element type, element properties, material, and damage modelling adjustment. The analysis is performed according to FMVSS 216 standard and the result of deformation and SWR plot is compared to the NHTSA report. From the result, it has been shown that RADIOSS is a good alternative to run highly non-linear analysis such as roof crush analysis.
The Influence of Socio-demographics Background on the Driving Behavior: A Short Review
Authors: Radzuan N.Q. , Hassan M.H.A. , Abu Kassim K.A. , Ab Rashid A.A. , Mohd Razelan I.S. , Othman N.A.
Published: June 2022

Reckless driving behavior might result in a higher risk of an accident. Many factors are known to be the cause of this driving behavior. One of the factors is the socio-demographic background of the driver. This study aims to review currently available literature that investigates the relationship between driving behavior and any known socio-demographic characteristics. The review also focuses on the method used in the data collection as well as the tools used to perform the analysis to correlate the driving behavior and socio-demographic background. The review found that the influence of socio-demographic background on driving behavior study has not been explored in detail especially from the ethnicity point of view. With regards to the data collection, most of the study utilised the self- report survey, in which the targeted respondents are young adults. There are also studies covering all age groups that made use of the Driving Behaviour Questionnaire, data of traffic accidents or police reports, and virtual reality to collect the data. SAS/STAT statistical software package was found to be a popular choice among researchers when analyzing the data. This review concludes that driving behavior study in the multi-racial country for instance in Malaysia should explore further the relationship between driving behavior and socio-demographic background, especially from the ethnic perspective.
The Fantastic Four Stakeholders in ASEAN NCAP
Authors: Tuan Kamaruddin T.N.A. , Abu Husain N. , Meor Said M.A. , Aminanda Y. , Ma’aram A. , Mohd Zaki N.I. , Abu Husain M.K. , Johari M.H.
Published: June 2022

This paper will discuss the responsibilities and contributions of key stakeholders for ASEAN NCAP as well as their aspirations for the future ASEAN NCAP roadmap. The key stakeholders are: (1) government- related entities (2) automotive industry players (3) academia and (4) consumers. A Steering Committee (SC) has been set up to govern the ASEAN NCAP with the support from the Technical Committee (TC). Four Working Groups (WG) for each pillar of Frontal Impact (FIWG), Side Impact (SIWG), Child Restraint (CRWG), and Safety Assist (SAWG) have been established recently. Automotive industry players are also known to take the initiative to adopt the ASEAN NCAP safety rating as part of the guide for their research and developments. Car dealers have embedded ASEAN NCAP as one of their marketing strategies. The academicians and researchers also have been actively involved through the ASEAN NCAP Collaborative Holistic Research (ANCHOR) Projects since it was started in 2017 until now. Since ASEAN NCAP's inception 10 years ago, consumers’ awareness and appreciation for ASEAN NCAP and the need for safer vehicles have also greatly improved.
Part-Load Simulation and Energy Recovery Evaluation of an Electrically Turbocharged Engine Low Engine Speeds
Authors: Subramaniam K. , Wan Salim W.S-I.
Published: June 2022

Hybridization has become a crucial part of engine development for automotive manufacturers nowadays to produce efficient engines and electric turbochargers have become the center-piece of that development to cut carbon emissions. In this paper, we simulate an electrically turbocharged engine under part-load using a 1-D engine simulation software to estimate the amount of energy that can be recovered at different engine loads in a typical passenger vehicle. A conventional turbocharged engine and an electric turbocharged engine are first simulated under steady part load conditions with fixed target Brake Torque (Nm). Then the electric turbocharged engine is simulated to run at points between 1,000-2,000 rpm engine range to determine the amount of power recovered at low engine speed. From this study, the BSFC increases by 1.3% at 50% engine load at 4,000 rpm in the electrically turbocharged engine over conventional turbocharged engine whereas at 5,000 rpm it decreases by 2.4% at 75% engine load. A maximum of 3.22 kW was able to be recovered at 5,000 rpm 50% load and 1.5kW at low engine speeds.