bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respuesta a la suplementación con propilenglicol en vacas multiovuladas, para la producción de embriones
Authors: Molina-Coto Roger Eduardo , Arroyo-Oquendo Carlos , Carballo-Guerrero Daniel , Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: September 2018

Multiovulation and embryo transfer is a technique used in genetic breeding programs. The synchronization-multi ovulation protocols of bovine embryo donors, as well as the embryo collection technique, have improved, however, the technique should still be maximized. This study was done with the objective of evaluating the effect of the administration of propylene glycol (PPG) in multiovulated donor cows on the production and quality of embryos. The study was conducted in Pococi, Limon, Costa Rica, from February 2011 to January 2012. Daily and oral administration of 300 mg PPG was given from one week prior to one week after the starting of the synchronization-multiovulation protocol. Embryo flushing was performed every two months and seven cows were used. Ovarian evaluations were performed using transrectal ultrasonography before and during the days of the synchronization-multiovulation treatment. The embryos were collected and classified at the age of seven days. Treatment with PPG did not affect the number and size of ovarian follicles as measured by ultrasonography. Likewise, the number of structures collected and their quality did not improve with supplementation. The results of the experiment suggest that other factors, unrelated to the effect of PPG supplementation, affect the animal response to treatments for multiovulation and embryo collection.
La gardenia: características, usos, plagas y enfermedades y aspectos básicos de su cultivo
Authors: Castilla-Valdés Yanelis
Published: September 2018

The gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) is a plant that is very appreciated in gardening for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, attractive size and the intense green color of the foliage. In contrast to its ornamental qualities, it is not one of the most used plants in Cuba and other countries, so it is necessary to promote its cultivation. The present review objective was deepening and integrating information regarding the characteristics, utility, main pests and diseases and methods of propagation of the gardenia. The sunny and warm conditions during the day and fresh at night, relative humidity upper than 60% and acid soil, rich in iron, are favorable for this species development. Between the lesser known properties of gardenia, there are the medicinal ones because its extracts have diverse pharmacological effects. Its most common diseases are of fungal origin and provoke the rot roots and foliar spots. Among the pests that have the greatest incidence stand out the insects (aphids, citrus whitefly, coccids, and thrips). Gardenia plants can be propagated by different traditional methods (seeds, air layering, cuttings, and grafting), but the application of in vitro cultivation techniques are an efficient way to achieve this purpose, since it allows accelerated multiplication and production of healthy plants, also, it constitutes an alternative for obtaining secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical properties.
Preferencia de hospedantes por dos biotipos de Bemisia tabaci en Costa Rica y Florida
Authors: Hilje Luko , Stansly Philip A.
Published: September 2018

Despite being a polyphagous insect, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) shows a marked preference for certain hosts, which in turn may depend upon the particular whitefly biotype involved. The objective of this research was to compare preference towards a selected group of host crops, by two biotypes of Bemisia tabaci, New World in Costa Rica, and MEAM1 in Florida. Therefore, choice experiments were conducted in greenhouses both at Turrialba (Costa Rica) and Immokalee (Florida), in April and June-September, 1998, respectively. The same crops and varieties were exposed to the New World and MEAM1 biotypes, which predominate in each one of these locations, respectively. Host species included green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Seedlings were transplanted in large pots, which were distributed on the greenhouse floor. B. tabaci adults were released in the late afternoon, and the number of individuals on each plant was recorded the next morning. In Turrialba, tobacco was greatly preferred by New World biotype adults, followed by eggplant, whereas the MEAM1 biotype in Florida preferred green beans and eggplant. Thus, both biotypes showed a strong and significant preference for eggplant, which suggests its possible utility as a trap crop.
Costo de criar una ternera lechera de reemplazo desde el nacimiento al parto
Authors: Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto , Solís-Chaves Heber Ariel
Published: September 2018

Dairy heifers are the future of any dairy farm; however, before they begin to produce milk, they represent a very significant cost unknown by an important number of producers. The objective of the present study was to determine the economic cost associated with the rearing of dairy replacements. The study was carried out at the dairy cattle Alfredo Volio Mata Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica, during the year 2016. A total of forty Jersey heifers were reared from birth to calving (twenty-five months) grouped into three age categories: 0-3 months, 3 to 16 months and 16 to 25 months. In order to determine the total costs within each category, detailed records of all the expenses incurred each day for each animal were kept in an electronic spreadsheet, considering all the activities involved and related to feeding, cleaning and disinfection, veterinary treatments, pasture fertilization, workforce, health management and maintenance, among others. It was determined that the total cost for raising a replacement heifer from birth to calving was ¢818 360.95 ($1473.62); representing a 25.17; 53.27 and 21.56% for the stage of birth to three months, three months to service, and service to calving, respectively. Of the total costs, 78.72% corresponded to feed and 6.82% to labor. Depending on milk production and net economic return from each liter of milk produced, the investment would be recovered beyond the second lactation.
Rendimiento de cultivares de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) amarillos precoces del grupo Phureja
Authors: Seminario-Cunya Juan F. , Villanueva-Guevara Roiser , Valdez-Yopla Misael H.
Published: September 2018

The group Phureja (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been little studied in Peru, despite its culinary, nutritional and industrial quality and the risk of erosion to which it is subjected in recent decades. The objective of this research was to evaluate the total and commercial yield of tubers of fifteen potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum, Phureja group). Traditional, yellow, and early cultivars were evaluated from Cajamarca region, Peru, to identify the most productive cultivars within the study group. The work was carried out on a plot of the Silvoagricultural Service of the Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca: 7 ° 10`LS and 78 ° 30’ LW, 2670 masl, 14.7 °C average annual temperature, 64.5% relative humidity and 651 mm of annual precipitation. Seeding was carried out at 0.90 m and 0.40 m between rows and between plants, respectively; in completely randomized block design, with three repetitions. Plant height, number of stems, number and total weight of tubers, number and weight of tubers according to categories, specific gravity, dry matter of tubers and foliage, and harvest index were evaluated. Significant statistical differences were found between cultivars for a total number of tubers, number of commercial tubers, a weight of commercial tubers, plant height, number of stems, dry matter of the tubers and harvest index. The best cultivars in tuber yield were Blanca amarilla (27.8 t/ha), Limeña huachuma (27.4 t/ha), Llanqueja (25.0 t/ha), Amarilla redonda (23.3 t/ha) and Piña amarilla (21.8 t/ha).
Teodycea a logika modalna. Bogusława Wolniewicza polemika z krytyką teodycei u Pierre’a Bayle’a
Authors: Mirosławski Mateusz
Published: September 2018

Referat ma na celu zaprezentowanie oryginalnych pomysłów Bogusława Wolniewicza z dziedziny logiki modalnej, które służą usprawnieniu tradycyjnej teodycei, krytykowanej przez Pierre'a Bayle'a. Klasyczna teodycea stara się pogodzić boską wszechmoc z bożą dobrocią. Według klasycznej teodycei oba te elementy dają się pogodzić, ponieważ zło nie jest dziełem Boga, lecz człowieka – wolność jest bowiem konieczna dla człowieka, aby ten mógł czynić dobro, ale aby czynić dobro, człowiek automatycznie musi móc czynić także zło (rozumiane moralnie, nie fizycznie). Argumentacja Bayle'a mówi natomiast, że choć wolność implikuje możliwość zła, to nie implikuje jednak jego istnienia, a to oznacza, że zła można uniknąć nawet przy założeniu wolności. Wolniewicz stara się obalić tę argumentację. W tym celu przywołuje on mało znane definicje możliwości wywodzące się z logiki megarejskiej, które dostarczają inspiracji do wprowadzenia oryginalnej definicji możliwości – „to co możliwe = to, co się zdarzyło lub to co zdarzy się w przyszłości". Przy takiej interpretacji modalnej teodycea klasyczna wydaje się być sprawna
Konwencja epistolograficzna i bezpośredniość wyrazu w listach Jana III Sobieskiego do Marysieńki
Authors: Kosmalska Weronika
Published: September 2018

Artykuł traktuje o epistołach Jana III Sobieskiego do żony Marii Kazimiery d'Arquien z lat 1655-1683. Bazując na podziale modeli listowania dokonanym przez Roberta Ganszyńca oraz koncepcji rodzajów listów Stefanii Skwarczyńskiej, powstała interesująca kategoria konwencji epistolograficznej charakterystyczna wyłącznie dla Sobieskiego. Ponadto tekst ukazuje w jaki sposób Sobieski osiąga bezpośredniość wypowiedzi, jakie tematy dominują w jego listach oraz w jaki sposób realizuje tabu. Artykuł nie przedstawia listów w oderwaniu od realiów historycznych i społeczno-kulturowych. Korespondencja państwa Sobieskich oprócz świadectwa wielkiej miłości ukazuje także wydarzenia historyczne z perspektywy ich uczestników oraz nosi znamiona epoki baroku. By omawiane zagadnienia dostatecznie przedstawić czytelnikowi, artykuł zawiera wiele cytatów z epistoł pisanych przez Jana III Sobieskiego oraz prezentuje stanowiska najznamienitszych historyków literatury takich jak Stefania Skwarczyńska, Alojzy Sajkowski, czy Leszek Kukulski.
AnArtomy: Arts, Anatomy and Medicine - Human Beings Being Human
Authors: Walsh Ian , Quinn Joseph , Spencer Andrea , Noble Helen
Published: September 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. BackgroundThe study of anatomy underpins medical education and is an important facet of clinical practice in various diverse disciplines. We explored the dynamic relationship between arts, anatomy and medicine, along the continuum axis of anatomy, medicine, healthcare and art.Aims1. to foster and gauge artistic and creative expression within the context of medical science and practice.2. to generate representative artwork examining the relationship between art, medicine and healthcare.MethodsTwo purposefully open and expressive creative workshops were held within the cadaveric dissection laboratory of the Queen's University Department of Anatomy; with awide variety of artistic substrates available for faculty and student participants. Themes included: the relationship between art and medicine, the impact art and science have upon each other and the effects of creativity on wellbeing. Accompanying questionnaires included a quantification of perceived relationships between art and medicine; with an estimation of connectedness to feelings. Qualitative items within each questionnaire also addressed key humanistic questions. Comparative analysis of quantitative results was by Student's t-testing; statistical significance being p values <0.05.Results, Summary and ConclusionsThere was a statistically significant increase in "connectedness to feelings" amongst participants over the course of the workshop. There was a trend for participants to agree or strongly agree that art and medicine were important to each other. Qualitative responses changed from specific, task-oriented hopes to responses more aligned with social/gregarious themes and those related to higher order functioning. Humanistic responses changed across the entire group from a largely fixed inclusion of the concept of emotions to broader, more altruistic visions; inclusive of communal, social views. There was a noticeable shift in emphasis from succinctly defined descriptive terms to more expressive terms; reflective and inclusive of caring, holistic practice. The most arresting and compelling results were those of the resulting representative artwork.
Development of a non-linear PCI model for homogeneous zones of concrete airport pavements
Authors: Kwak Pyung-Jin , Kim Dong-Hyuk , Kim Seung-Jae , Jeong Jin-Hoon
Published: September 2018

The pavement condition index (PCI) is a tool for evaluating pavement performance and is based on the type and severity of surface distress. It is used to determine maintenance times, methods and location priorities. Most previous PCI prediction models have considered only pavement age or traffic volume as a variable, without consideration of other factors that affect pavement distress. In this study, data from 12 airports were analysed using reports published from 1994 to 2013. The airport pavements were divided into homogeneous zones according to their function and structure. For improved management of concrete airport pavements, a non-linear PCI model was developed for the homogeneous zones and tornado diagrams were used to analyse the sensitivity of the PCI according to the independent variables of the model. The results showed that the developed model can predict the PCI of homogeneous zones of concrete airport pavements more reasonably by considering various factors that affect pavement distress.
Translational competency
Authors: Yates-Doerr Emily
Published: September 2018

This article introduces the notion of ‘translational competency’, a skill of attending to different understandings of health and how these are negotiated between medical settings and everyday life. This skill is especially important for the design of obesity-prevention policies and programs, given the diverse values surrounding both healthy eating and desirable weight. Through its focus on communicative interactions, translational competency entails a refusal to treat cultural differences regarding diet or body size as a problem. Rather, it encourages engagement with the relational contexts out of which health problems develop and transform, taking culture to be a process of negotiation and adaptation. In this article I present an example of the utility of the skill of translational competency taken from research on obesity in Guatemala. I then illustrate how translational competency might be used in the design of obesity interventions.
Remembering Corlien M. Varkevisser (1937–2017)
Authors: Geest Sjaak van der
Published: September 2018

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Zika
Authors: Stalcup Meg
Published: September 2018

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White gold
Authors: Abadie Roberto
Published: September 2018

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Care/Sorge
Authors: Geest Sjaak van der
Published: September 2018

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Clinic and crisis
Authors: Moyer Eileen , Nguyen Vinh-Kim
Published: September 2018

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Long term Cryopreservation of Chloroviruses by Infection of Chlorella v2
Authors: W Wilhelm Steven , R Coy Samantha , Alsante Alyssa
Published: September 2018

Contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) or Samantha Coy (srose16@vols.utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol.
Magnitude and extent of gambling disorder in the Mexican population
Authors: Villatoro Velázquez Jorge Ameth ,   Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México., Reséndiz Escobar Esbehidy , Bustos Gamiño Marycarmen Noemí , Mujica Salazar Ailema Roxana , Medina-Mora Icaza María Elena , Cañas Martínez Vianey , Soto Hernández Itzia Sayuri , Fleiz Bautista Clara , Romero Martínez Martín ,   Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.,   Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Gambling disorder is characterized by an uncontrollable need to gamble, lack of control over gambling, prioritizing gambling over other activities, and continuing to gamble despite the negative consequences this entails. Worldwide, between .1% and 5% of people show signs of problem gambling and between .1% and 2.2% present a positive result in gambling disorder criteria. Objective. To determine the extent of the problem of gambling disorder in Mexico and to identify and analyze the demographic groups in which it occurs. Method. ENCODAT 2016-2017 is a probabilistic, multi-stage survey with national and state representativeness. The sample comprises 56 877 people who answered a standardized questionnaire that collects information on addictive substance use and other areas such as gambling disorder. Results. A total of 24.5% of the population aged 12 to 65 have played a betting game at lifetime. Men have higher statistically significant prevalences than women in nearly all types of gambling and in six of the nine symptoms of gambling disorder. In Mexico, .3% of the target population meet the criteria for gambling disorder, with adolescents showing the highest percentage (.4%). Discussion and conclusion. It is necessary to reinforce public policies for this issue that include the development of preventive actions targeting the adolescent and youth population in Mexico, and to ensure the adequate monitoring of authorized centers.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation from contemporary indications to cutting edge research
Authors: Man Limor , Rosenwaks Zev , James Daylon
Published: September 2018

Over the last three decades, survival rate from malignancies has steadily increased, turning major focus on quality of life in remission. Unfortunately, a major side effect of medical interventions including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or surgery is premature ovarian failure and infertility for many patients. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an experimental technique used to preserve reproductive potential in patients who are pre-pubertal, must urgently undergo gonadotoxic treatment or who have other medical conditions requiring treatment that may undermine ovarian reserve and will lead to sub or infertility. We will review the indications, available techniques of tissue harvesting, and methods for freezing and autotransplanting cortical ovarian tissue. We will discuss outcomes, the potential risk of reintroducing malignancy and lastly, cutting-edge research models being developed in the field.
Size Matters: Contemporary use of the IUD
Authors: Levine Elliot M , Fernandez Carlos M
Published: September 2018

Long-acting reversible contraceptive choices are becoming more popular among young women, and providers may need to keep in mind those methods that are likely to be most successful.  The dimensions of the uterine cavity vary according to the parity of a user, with the nulliparous woman having a smaller uterine space.  With the known intrauterine contraceptive device side effects being possible, and with smaller such devices being clinically available for patients, selection of those smaller devices for contraceptive use may be more ideal for those younger nulliparous women.  In this way, complications with this method may possibly be avoided.
The Influence of Ecological Theory in Child and Youth Care: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Derksen Teri
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this literature review is to explicate the meaning of ecological theory and trace its influence in Child and Youth Care. The review focuses on the work of Urie Bronfenbrenner and explores how his early ideas have resonated through descriptions of the field, in efforts to prepare practitioners for professional practice, and in actual practice itself. The review concludes by questioning how Bronfenbrenner’s work could continue to inform Child and Youth Care practice, particularly in the areas of policy and community work.
Molecular characterization of Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans in the oral cavity of drug abusers using duplex polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Abharian Parastoo Hassani , Dehghan Parvin , Abharian Peyman Hassani , Tolouei Sepideh
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose: Candida dubliniensis is closely related to the most pathogenic and prevalent yeast, namely C. albicans. Candida species can opportunistically overgrow in vulnerable individuals and cause a variety of diseases. The current study aimed to identify and isolate C. dubliniensis species present in the Candida albicans species complex identified in the oral cavity of drug abusers.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 53 strains of C. albicans species complex, isolated from the oral mucosa of drug abusers in Isfahan, Iran. DNA extraction was accomplished through boiling procedure. Duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region using four specific primers. Fungal species were identified based on the difference in the size of the bands created in the Agarose gel.
Results: Out of the 53 isolates under study, 30 (56.6%) and 14 (26.4%) samples were identified as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, respectively. In the remaining 9 samples (17%), both types of Candida species were confirmed.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed the presence of a noticeable amount of C. dubliniensis in the oral cavity of drug abusers. Therefore, the probable presence of this fungus should be considered during the examination of oral infection among this group. To date, no research has directly investigated this issue in Iran.
Effect of combination therapy with ceftizoxime and clotrimazole in the treatment of otomycosis
Authors: Omran Saeid Mahdavi , Yousefzade Zahra , Khafri Soraya , Taghizadeh-Armaki Mojtaba , Kiakojuri Keyvan
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose: There are controversial findings regarding the efficacy of antifungal drugs in the treatment of a ruptured eardrum following fungal infections. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the co-administration of antifungal and antibacterial agents in the treatment of otomycosis with tympanic membrane perforation.
Materials and Methods: This analytical, clinical trial was conducted on 87 patients with otomycosis showing no bacterial elements in the direct observation and culture. The study population was assigned into two groups of intervention (n=45) and control (n=42). The demographic and clinical data, as well as the data related to the direct observation and culture of the ear samples were recorded in a checklist. All statistical analysis was performed in SPSS (version 24).
Results: The most prevalent symptoms in both groups were hearing loss and itching, and the most common finding was secretion. Aspergillus and Candida were the most frequent fungi isolated from the samples. After the implementation of combination therapy, the intervention group demonstrated a significant decrease in symptoms and signs, compared to the control group (P=0.005).
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that the use combination therapy with ceftizoxime powder and clotrimazole ointment was effective the in treatment of the patients with tympanic membrane rupture showing no bacterial effects in direct examination and culture.
Sosyolojik Kuramlar Çerçevesinde Aile ve Girişimcilik İlişkisi
Authors: Yener Serdar
Published: September 2018

Psikolojik bir varlık olan bireyin davranışlarının
içinde bulunduğu sosyal bağlamdan soyutlanarak açıklanması imkânsız gibi
görülmektedir. Girişimcilik olgusunun sosyal bir kurum olan aile üzerinden
yorumlanması bir gereklilik olarak görülebilir. Kişilik özelliklerinin genetik
ve çevresel faktörlerin bileşimi olduğu düşünülürse çevresel faktörlerin sosyal
yapı olduğu, sosyal yapının ise aile, okul, din vb. bileşenlerden oluştuğu da
gözönüne alınırsa sosyolojinin girişimcilik üzerinde birçok bileşeni yoluyla
etkisinin olabileceği değerlendirilebilir. 
Aile kurumunun girişimcilikteki rolünü ortaya koyarken öncelikle
yaklaşımlardan yararlanılması sosyolojik çalışmalar için bir gerekliliktir.
Yaklaşımlar da kendi içinde metodolojik ve kuramsal yaklaşımlar olarak
ayrılmaktadır. Metodolojik yaklaşımlara örnek olarak eleştirel, yorumlayıcı ve
pozitivist yaklaşımlar örnek verilebilir. Kuramsal yaklaşımlara ise sembolik
etkileşimcilik, yapısal- işlevselcilik, modernizm, çatışmacılık, feminizm ve
postmodernizm kuramları örnek verilebilir. Bu çalışmada girişimsel davranış,
sosyolojinin kuramsal yaklaşımlarının aileye bakışı çerçevesinde tanımlanmaya
çalışılmaktadır.
A Novel One-Pot Green Synthesis and Characterization of Substitue Bis-Iminothiazolidinones
Authors: TUGCU Fatma Tülay
Published: September 2018

In this study, some new 5-substituted bis-iminothiazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized via one-pot green synthesis. The study comprises two steps. In the first step, bis-thioureas were prepared by the reaction of aryl isothiocyanates with substituted amines. In the second step, substituted bis-thioureas prepared beforehand and chloroacetic acid were condensed with substituted thiophene-2-carboxaldehydes and new 5-substituted bis-iminothiazolidinone compounds were obtained. The structures of all these synthesized compounds were determined and characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data.
Uso del georradar para la identificación y definición geométrica de estructuras de cimentación en edificaciones existentes = Use of georadar for the identification and geometric definition of foundation structures in existing buildings
Authors: López P.L. , Pueyo O. , Pocoví A. , Pérez J.A. , Sánchez J.C.
Published: September 2018

Resumen Se presenta en este trabajo un resumen de los resultados obtenidos en los últimos años en la caracterización de distintas estructuras de cimentación mediante georradar, metodología no invasiva que con la combinación de antenas de distintas frecuencias permite conocer el tipo de cimentación superficial (zapata, losa), sus dimensiones en planta y en profundidad, así como los niveles de armadura interna existentes. En el caso de las cimentaciones profundas su aplicabilidad es más limitada, pero en determinadas condiciones, puede suministrar los parámetros geométricos principales. La información así obtenida permite abordar los proyectos de rehabilitación con una mayor seguridad y economía de recursos, al permitir conocer las geometrías de los elementos de cimentación y su variación, sin necesidad de acceder al subsuelo de forma directa o al menos para reducir la caracterización directa o dotar a dichos resultados de representatividadAbstractThis paper presents a summary of the results obtained in recent years in the characterization of different foundation structures by means of georadar, a non-invasive methodology that with the combination of antennas of different frequencies allows to know the type of surface foundation (zapata, slab) , its dimensions in plan and in depth, as well as the existing internal reinforcement levels. In the case of deep foundations, its applicability is more limited, but under certain conditions, it can supply the main geometric parameters. The information thus obtained allows us to address the rehabilitation projects with greater security and economy of resources, by allowing to know the geometries of the foundation elements and their variation, without the need to access the subsoil directly or at least to reduce the direct characterization or endowing said results with representativeness.
Singularidades en el diseño de soluciones de protección frente a gas radón = Singularities in the design of protection solutions against radon gas
Authors: Frutos B. , Muñoz E. , Olaya M. , Alonso C. , Martín Consuegra F.
Published: September 2018

Resumen El isótopo del radón Rn-222, aparece en la naturaleza como producto de la desintegración natural del radio-226, común en la corteza terrestre. El potencial de exhalación de un terreno viene definido, por un lado, por el contenido de radio del sustrato (por ejemplo, los graníticos), y por otro, por la permeabilidad del mismo que permite la movilidad a través de los poros (fracturados). El radón, como elemento gaseoso, posee una alta movilidad y puede penetrar en los edificios a través de fisuras o grietas por advección o por difusión a través de la propia permeabilidad de los materiales de la envolvente que estén en contacto con el terreno. La acumulación de este gas en los recintos cerrados puede elevar las concentraciones y constituir un riesgo para la salud de las personas que lo inhalen. La OMS advierte de sus efectos, situándolo como agente cancerígeno de grado uno, siendo la segunda causa de contracción de cáncer de pulmón (la primera sería el tabaco). En esta comunicación se ofrecen pautas de diseño, y las particularidades asociadas a las estrategias de actuación, basándose en los estudios llevados a cabo a través de proyectos de investigación. Abstract The isotope of radon Rn-222, appears in nature as a product of the natural disintegration of radio-226, common in the earth's crust. The exhalation potential of a terrain is defined, on the one hand, by the radio content of the substrate (for example granitic), and on the other, by the permeability of the same that allows mobility through the pores (fractured). Radon, as a gaseous element, has a high mobility and can penetrate buildings through fissures or cracks by advection or diffusion through the permeability of the materials of the envelope that are in contact with the ground. The accumulation of this gas in enclosed areas can increase concentrations and constitute a risk to the health of people who inhale it. The WHO warns of its effects, placing it as a carcinogen of grade one, being the second cause of lung cancer contraction (the first would be tobacco). This communication offers design guidelines, and the particularities associated with the strategies of action, based on the studies carried out through research projects.
Cuantificación de residuos en obras de rehabilitación energética de edificios = Quantification of waste in building energy rehabilitation works
Authors: Villoria P. , Del Rio M. , Santa Cruz J. , Rodríguez A. , Porras C.
Published: September 2018

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación "De residuos a recursos (W2R)" que analiza la generación de residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) en obras de rehabilitación para la mejora de la eficiencia energética de edificios y desarrolla nuevos materiales, elementos y sistemas constructivos fabricados a partir de RCD. En este artículo se presentan algunos de los resultados del proyecto W2R, en concreto, la identificación, cuantificación y caracterización de las categorías de residuos generados en obras de rehabilitación para la mejora de la eficiencia energética llevadas a cabo en la envolvente vertical de los edificios. Para ello, se identificaron las actuaciones más comunes para mejorar la eficiencia energética de las envolventes verticales y se cuantificó la generación de RCD en dos obras utilizando métodos experimentales (datos in situ) y teóricos (software). Los resultados mostraron que la mayor cantidad de generación de RCD se produce durante las operaciones de preparación de la superficie vertical previas a desarrollar la actuación. Además, se encontró que las categorías de residuos más generados son: hormigón, cerámica, metal y madera. Abstract This article presents the results of the research project "From waste to resources (W2R)" that analyzes the generation of construction and demolition waste (RCD) in rehabilitation works for the improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings and develops new materials, elements and construction systems manufactured from RCD. This article presents some of the results of the W2R project, specifically, the identification, quantification and characterization of the categories of waste generated in rehabilitation works for the improvement of energy efficiency carried out in the vertical envelope of buildings. For this, the most common actions to improve the energy efficiency of the vertical envelopes were identified and the generation of CDR in two works was quantified using experimental methods (in situ data) and theoretical (software). The results showed that the greatest amount of RCD generation occurs during the vertical surface preparation operations prior to developing the performance. In addition, it was found that the most generated waste categories are: concrete, ceramics, metal and wood.
Escala de gravedad de daños en edificios. De la asignación directa a la contrastación estadística = Scale of severity of damages in buildings. From the direct assignment to the statistical contrastation
Authors: Ruiz F. , Aguado A. , Serrat C. , Casas J.R.
Published: September 2018

Resumen Está firmemente demostrada la importancia de realizar mantenimiento preventivo en los edificios, para evitar que se degraden y aparezcan lesiones graves. También está demostrado que con el mantenimiento preventivo se ahorra dinero frente al mantenimiento correctivo. En el marco del mantenimiento cabe decir que, para realizar las inspecciones periódicas de los edificios, es de gran utilidad el poder cuantificar hasta qué punto las deficiencias existentes son graves o no, con objeto de facilitar la toma de decisiones y priorizar las intervenciones terapéuticas. De hecho, se han utilizado y utilizan numerosas escalas diferentes entre sí para valorar el grado de gravedad de los elementos constructivos. Pero no existe consenso común y estas escalas son diferentes entre sí según el estudio a que pertenezcan. Por ejemplo, en las diferentes normas ITE existentes en España se utilizan diferentes escalas y formas de valorar las deficiencias existentes y no hay consenso común en el método de valoración. El objetivo del presente artículo es proponer, en base a un largo y riguroso proceso metodológico, una escala que sirva para valorar el grado de gravedad de los daños en edificios, que pueda ser utilizada de manera generalizada. Abstract The importance of performing preventive maintenance on buildings is clearly demonstrated, in order to prevent them from deterioration and severe damages. It is also demonstrated that preventive maintenance saves money versus corrective maintenance. In the framework of maintenance, to make periodic inspections of the buildings is useful to quantify the extent to which deteriorations are severe or not, in order to facilitate decision making and prioritize interventions. To this purpose many scales have been used and are used to assess the severity of damage and deterioration of the building components. But it appears evident that there is not common consensus and these scales are different between them, according to the study they belong to. Everything referred shows the need to propose and validate a scale that serves to assess the degree of severity of construction elements in buildings, which is widely used. Therefore, the objective of this article is to propose, based on a long and rigorous methodological process, a scale that serves to assess the degree of severity of damage in buildings, which can be widely used.
Editorial: The building proyect graphic presentation = La presentación gráfica del proyecto en edificación
Authors: Valiente López Mercedes
Published: September 2018

Editorial: The building proyect graphic presentation = La presentación gráfica del proyecto en edificación
Use of the energy of the urban Wastewater network for the thermal conditioning of the swimming pool of the Moratalaz Sports Centre. Madrid = Aprovechamiento de la energía de la red urbana de aguas residuales para el acondicionamiento térmico de la piscina del Polideportivo de Moratalaz. Madrid
Authors: Pereda Luis de , Fernández José , Lanao Hugo , Durango Marta
Published: September 2018

Abstract Underground networks of urban infrastructures channel fluids, water, sewage, air, mechanical and thermal vehicles, store resources of all kinds, and interact with the underground mean, which allows to preserve a moderate rate of intensity and temperature of the thermal energy that they store and transport, all of it very close to the potential users that these resources could serve as primary resources. It is the case of the Municipal Sports Center, CDM, of Moratalaz, an installation that gives sporting services to about 600,000 users per year and has equipment voraciously consumer of energy resources as it is, in our case, the indoor swimming-pool. The heating of the swimming water, the dehumidifying of the air, the heating of the space and the heating of water of the pool are solved with the production of heat by means of gas boilers. The close existence of a municipal waste-water collector, which runs alongside the CDM, has allowed the existing heat production installation to be hybridized with a new one based on a thermal exchanger, directly installed in the collector's gallery. The monitoring of the operation and consumption of the system has allowed to verify a percentage reduction of emissions of 37.5% and a percentage reduction of energy costs of 39.2%, in the first stage of operation. Resumen Las redes subterráneas de las infraestructuras urbanas canalizan fluidos, agua, agua residual, aire, vehículos de todo tipo, almacenan recursos de todo tipo, e interaccionan con el terreno lo que permite preservar una tasa moderada de intensidad y temperatura a la energía térmica que almacenan y transportan , muy cerca de los potenciales usuarios a los que estos recursos podrían servir como recursos primarios. Es el caso del Centro Deportivo Municipal, CDM, de Moratalaz, una instalación que da servicios deportivos a cerca de 600.000 usuarios al año y cuenta con equipamientos vorazmente consumidores de recursos como es, en nuestro caso, la piscina cubierta. El calentamiento del agua de nado, la deshumectación del aire, la calefacción del espacio y el calentamiento de agua caliente sanitaria de la piscina se resuelven con la producción de calor mediante calderas de gas. La existencia de un colector municipal de aguas residuales, que discurre junto al CDM ha permitido hibridar la instalación existente con otra de intercambio instalada en la galería del colector. La monitorización del funcionamiento y consumos del sistema ha permitido verificar una reducción porcentual de las emisiones de un 37,5% y una reducción porcentual de los costes de energía de un 39,2%.
Revisiting the Derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle: The Collapse of Uncertainty at the Planck Scale
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we will revisit the derivation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. We will see how the Heisenberg principle collapses at the Planck scale by introducing a minor modification. The beauty of our suggested modification is that it does not change the main equations in quantum mechanics; it only gives them a Planck scale limit where uncertainty collapses. We suspect that Einstein could have been right after all, when he stated, ``God does not throw dice." His now-famous saying was an expression of his skepticism towards the concept that quantum randomness could be the ruling force, even at the deepest levels of reality. Here we will explore the quantum realm with a fresh perspective, by re-deriving the Heisenberg principle in relation to the Planck scale. We will show how this idea also leads to an upper boundary on uncertainty, in addition to the lower boundary. These upper and lower boundaries are identical for the Planck mass particle; in fact, they are zero, and this highlights the truly unique nature of the Planck mass particle. Further, there may be a close connection between light and the Planck mass particle: In our model, the standard relativistic energy momentum relation also seems to apply to light, while in modern physics light generally stands outside the standard relativistic momentum energy relation. We will also suggest a new way to look at elementary particles, where mass and time are closely related, consistent with some of the recent work in experimental physics. Our model leads to a new time operator that does not appear to be in conflict with the Pauli objection. This indicates that both mass and momentum come in quanta, which are perfectly correlated to an internal Compton `clock' frequency in elementary particles.
Towards Neuromorphic Learning Machines using Emerging Memory Devices with Brain-like Energy Efficiency
Authors: Saxena Vishal , Wu Xinyu , Srivastava Ira , Zhu Kehan
Published: September 2018

The ongoing revolution in Deep Learning is redefining the nature of computing that is driven by the increasing amount of pattern classification and cognitive tasks. Specialized digital hardware for deep learning still holds its predominance due to the flexibility offered by the software implementation and maturity of algorithms. However, it is being increasingly desired that cognitive computing occurs at the edge, i.e. on hand-held devices that are energy constrained, which is energy prohibitive when employing digital von Neumann architectures. Recent explorations in digital neuromorphic hardware have shown promise, but offer low neurosynaptic density needed for scaling to applications such as intelligent cognitive assistants (ICA). Large-scale integration of nanoscale emerging memory devices with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) mixed-signal integrated circuits can herald a new generation of Neuromorphic computers that will transcend the von Neumann bottleneck for cognitive computing tasks. Such hybrid Neuromorphic System-on-a-chip (NeuSoC) architectures promise machine learning capability at chip-scale form factor, and several orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency. Practical demonstration of such architectures has been limited as performance of emerging memory devices falls short of the expected behavior from the idealized memristor-based analog synapses, or weights, and novel machine learning algorithms are needed to take advantage of the device behavior. In this work, we review the challenges involved and present a pathway to realize ultra-low-power mixed-signal NeuSoC, from device arrays and circuits to spike-based deep learning algorithms, with ‘brain-like’ energy-efficiency.
Study of the behavior pattern, carbon reduction effect and business costs of electric motorcycles on island
Authors: Fang Shyang-Chyuan
Published: September 2018

Global warming and climate change have led to extreme changes in climatic conditions in recent years. The Taiwan government designates the construction of the Kinmen County as low carbon islands, to promote the operation of 100 electric motorcycles and battery demonstration. This study combined with island tourism, after boarding the island, visitors can rent electric motorcycles from the passenger service center and coordinate with the island tour map to show the location of the battery exchange points, so as to facilitate the search. During the operation, the amount of electric motorcycle lease is 15,551 times, the total mileage of motor vehicle is 284,404 km, the number of battery exchange is 622 times, the lease income is about NT$900,000. To reduce carbon and economic benefits of the assessment, compared to the motorcycles (50 c.c), electric motorcycles (EM 100) can reduce the carbon emissions by 8,726 kg, reducing energy costs of NT$422,594.
Quantitative Evaluation of Broadband Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Infrared With an Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Bruhns Henry , Wolff Marcus , Saalberg Yannick , Spohr Klaus Michael
Published: September 2018

Photoacoustic spectroscopy allows the identification of specific molecules in gases. We evaluate the spectral resolution and detection limits for a PAS system in the broadband infrared wavelength region 3270 nm ≲ λ ≲ 3530 nm driven by a continuous wave optical parametric oscillator with P ≈ 1.26 W by measuring the absorption of diluted propane, ethane and methane test gases at low concentrations c ~ 100 ppm for ~1350 discrete wavelengths λi. The resulting spectra IPAS(λi) were compared to the high resolution cross section data σFTIR obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy from the HITRAN database. Deviations as little as 7.1(6)% for propane, 8.7(11)% for ethane and 15.0(14)% for methane with regard to the average uncertainty between IPAS(λi) and the expected reference values based on σFTIR were recorded. The wavelengths λres of the characteristic absorption lines can be pinpointed with a high relative accuracy <5 × 10−5 corresponding to a resolution of λres ~ 0.16 nm. Detection limits range between 7.1 ppb (ethane) to 13.6 ppb (methane) coinciding with high experimental signal-to-noise ratios. Moreover, using EUREQA, an artificial intelligence program, simulated mixed gas samples at low limits of detection could be deconvoluted. These results justify a further development of PAS technology to support, e.g., biomedical research.
Developing Sensitive Golden Plate Biosensor for Early Detection of Serum Cardiac Troponin I as Diagnostic Biomarkers
Authors: Moselhy Said , Mostafa Ehab , Almalki Abdulrahman , Kumosani Taha , Soliman Youssri , Aboseda Ibrahim , Abduaal Wesam , Abdulaal Rwaa , Salah Numan , Alshawafi Walid , Kunosani Afnan
Published: September 2018

Rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is critical for intervention and treatment to decrease morbidity and mortality. For this reasons, this study aimed to design a sensitive biosensor for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for early prediction and intervention. The sensor was designed from golden plate immobilized with anti- cTnI antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The rate of degradation of H2O2 is directly related to serum cTnI level. Serum cTnI level was quantified from 3 studied groups including; healthy subjects and patients with ischemic heart (IHD) diseases and myocardial infarction (MI) by ELISA and biosensor techniques to achieve the improved sensitivity of the biosensor. It was found that cTnI levels in healthy subjects ranged from 8-13 ng/dl and in patients with IHD ranged from 20 - 41 ng/dl and MI range from 57- 180 ng/dl. The sensitivity of biosensor was ranged from 85-95% compared with ELISA technique. The developed biosensor is promising in ICU hospitals for early diagnosis and prevent complications of the stroke. It is recommended to apply this biosensor in the large scale of patients with different stages of the cardiac disease.
Marketing Arrangements Used by Small Scale Bean Farmers in Kenya: What Needs to Change for Sustainable Trade Volumes?
Authors: Wanjala P.O. Simon , Karanja David , Wambua scholastica , Otiep George , Odhiambo Collins , Birachi Eliud
Published: September 2018

This case study assessed marketing arrangements used by small scale farmers in the Lake Basin and Lower Eastern bean corridors of Kenya to determine which markets work for rural producers and what changes are needed to produce and supply sufficient quantities for trade. Using exploratory research, data was collected through focus group discussions with six farmer groups representing a total of 1255 bean farmers and key informant interviews with extension staff. The results indicated that 94% of the farmers produced beans before identifying buyers with only 6% participating in group marketing. Though spot-market transactions with brokers and traders provided ready cash for the farmers, formal buyers were perceived to be more reliable but difficult to find and, operated stringent requirements which were a barrier to entry. A theory of change to integrate smallholders into formal markets to sustainably produce and supply sufficient volumes for trade should entail a transformation agenda at four levels of the value chain: intensification of production through pure stand models with greater use of certified high yielding varieties; stable price guarantees; a market-driven research and extension service and; an enabling political, policy and business environment in the bean value chain. Further research is needed to pilot these changes in a case control study.