bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Internal and External Friction and their Influence on Wear Processes of Tribo-coupling of Machine Parts
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Aulin Viktor , Kuzyk Oleksandr ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Tykhyi Andrii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Lysenko Serhii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Zhylova Inna ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: February 2025

The article describes the essence and mechanisms of internal and external friction, their characteristics. A generalized characteristic of external friction is the selective uneven wear of the loaded working surfaces of parts. Dynamic mechanisms of stress relaxation of the surface layers of materials of tribocoupler parts are a mechanism of energy dissipation in the process of internal friction. It is noted that the typical processes of mechanical relaxation in samples of relaxation internal friction are Snoek relaxation, Kester relaxation, and grain boundary relaxation. Their specifics are considered.
The process of dynamic strain hardening and its influence on wear processes are considered. It is indicated that for the development of the specified strengthening of the samples, it is necessary to create plastic deformations of free dislocations in the materials of the parts, the presence of impurity atoms in the solid solution of the material of the triboconjugation parts, and the provision of dynamic interaction between generating dislocations and impurity atoms in the materials of the parts. It is shown that hardness, the limit of strength, fatigue and endurance increases.
The results of laboratory studies of hardened and highly tempered samples of parts made of steels 25 and 45 on the installation for measuring the temperature and amplitude dependences of internal friction and on the friction machine 2070СМТ-1 are given. The rationale for heat treatment regimes and changes in wear patterns and friction coefficient is given. It is shown that the realization of the internal friction parameter is accompanied by transfer processes. It was found that relaxation processes in case of insufficient dissipative properties of the fine structure of the material contribute to the increase of wear resistance.
Application of a Conceptual Risk Management Approach in the Field of Traffic Safety in Transport
Authors:   Ukranian State University of Railway Transport, Kulova Daria
Published: February 2025

The article examines the conceptual approach to risk management aimed at ensuring traffic safety in various types of transport, including automotive, railway, and aviation. The main focus is on the application of risk-oriented approaches to enhance the level of transport safety and reduce negative environmental impacts. It was found that the implementation of risk management systems not only reduces the likelihood of hazardous situations but also minimizes the negative consequences of their occurrence, including economic and social losses.
The principles for implementing a conceptual risk management approach have been established, including defining its main stages: establishing the context, risk assessment (identification, analysis, evaluation), risk treatment, and monitoring the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures. The importance of maintaining a risk register for data systematization and user convenience is highlighted. The interconnection between the stages of risk management is outlined, as well as the importance of information exchange and consultation at each stage, which contributes to the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures.
Special attention is paid to the opportunities for implementing risk management in the field of road traffic safety, considering its operational specifics and the requirements of current legislation. The importance of the intellectualization of the transport process is shown as a means of enhancing the efficiency of risk management. The proposed approach envisages effective interaction between all stakeholders, which not only improves safety but also achieves the economic efficiency of transport operations. It is determined that the comprehensive, flexible, and adaptive nature of the risk management approach promotes its universal application in various sectors, particularly in transport, to reduce the number of road traffic accidents and minimize their consequences.
Innovative Solutions in Warehouse Logistics
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Aulin Victor , Tyshchenko Sergii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Hrynkiv Andriy ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: February 2025

The article discusses current trends in warehouse logistics, such as automation, digitalization, omnichannel, environmental sustainability, and the growth of e-commerce. The main challenges of the industry include high automation costs, insufficient staff qualifications to work with innovative technologies, difficulties in adapting to global changes in supply chains, and the need to comply with environmental standards. The article analyzes the latest research on the use of intelligent systems, big data, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to optimize warehouse operations. The aim of the work is to develop innovative solutions to improve the efficiency of warehouse process management and the competitiveness of enterprises. Approaches are proposed to assess the impact of the latest technologies on warehouse logistics management and sustainable development. An analysis of key trends in warehouse logistics has confirmed their significant impact on improving the efficiency of logistics processes. In particular, automation, digitalization and omnichannel are the main areas of development that help optimize warehouse operations. Innovative technologies facilitate the rapid exchange of information and reduce logistics costs, which has a positive impact on the productivity of enterprises. Identified problems and challenges in warehousing logistics include the need for significant investments to modernize infrastructure, ensure cybersecurity, and adapt to rapidly changing market conditions. To maintain competitiveness, it is necessary to integrate innovative solutions that can meet new customer requirements, as well as take into account global changes and economic fluctuations. Thus, the study confirms the need for a comprehensive approach to the modernization of warehousing facilities that takes into account innovative, economic and environmental aspects.
Exploring opportunities to improve freighttransportation
Authors:   Cherkasy State Technological University, Tarandushka Lyudmyla , Kravchenko Olexandr ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, University of Žilina, Tarandushka Yan ,   University of Žilina, Cherkasy State Technological University
Published: February 2025

The possibilities of freight transportation organization improving for the formation of an effective management model of the transport and logistics complex of the country are studied. The directions of improvement of freight transportation by sea transport are determined, as the one that performs the largest transport work on the transportation of goods. It is determined that the use of artificial intelligence in sea freight transportation will make it possible to control the temperature regimes in containers for storing the quality of their cargo, improve the transportation process by accelerating the selection of participants in the transport process, choosing the optimal transportation route, taking into account the shortcomings of past transport processes, speed up the conclusion of contracts for the transportation of goods, identify risks, monitor the health of the crew and provide it on time medical care. At the same time, ways to reduce environmental pollution in the operation of maritime transport have been identified, namely: the use of equipment that purifies exhaust gases on ships, the use of Panamax-type vessels using fuel that has a low content of sulfur and other harmful substances. Also, the development of the Arctic Northern Sea Route will make it possible to speed up cargo transportation from China to Northern Europe.
Peculiarities of Regulating the Movement of Vehicles on Specific Sections of the Street and Road Network of Cities with Heavy Traffic Flow
Authors:   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Dzyura Volodymyr , Vovk Yuriy ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Babii Mariya ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Matviyishyn Anatoliy ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Plekan Uliana ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University
Published: February 2025

Potentially dangerous sections of the street and road network of the city of Calgary (Canada) were analyzed and identified based on our own observations. It was established that individual sections of the street-road network form cross traffic flows that create conflict points of confluence and crossing. The small distance between the junction elements leaves drivers with insufficient time to maneuver, which increases the risk of traffic accidents. The described transport problem is typical for large cities with a developed road transport network and high traffic intensity.
Recommendations for traffic regulation on the street-road network of cities with high traffic intensity and speed of traffic flow have been developed. A proposed solution to the problem of adjacent traffic flows changing lanes on a short section of the street-road network. The essence of the proposed solutions to the described transport problem involves both traditional approaches (building additional traffic lanes for maneuvering) and alternative approaches - changing the existing traffic organization using road markings and priority signs, which does not require significant financial investments.
The peculiarity of the proposed solutions is that they provide that the traffic flow moving along the traffic lane that merges with the main traffic flow should not reduce the speed of traffic, which will contribute to its merging with the main traffic flow. Another option involves the use of active cruise control systems on vehicles. The proposed solutions should prevent the occurrence of traffic accidents on the considered and similar sections of the street-road network of cities with intensive traffic flow.
Comprehensive Approaches to Diagnosing and Mitigating System Performance Bottlenecks
Authors: Thallapally Nagaraju
Published: February 2025

System performance bottlenecks are a critical issue in the design, operation, and scalability of software and hardware systems. These bottlenecks arise when a specific component or process limits the overall performance of a system, thereby affecting user experience, efficiency, and operational costs. Identifying, diagnosing, and mitigating performance bottlenecks are essential tasks for systems administrators, developers, and IT professionals. This paper examines the various types of system performance bottlenecks, strategies for identifying them, common causes, and the latest approaches for mitigation. Through a detailed review of current practices, tools, and case studies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework for effectively managing system performance bottlenecks in diverse environments.
Formación contable en América Latina: Entre la uniformidad y la diversidad
Authors: Armijos Juan Carlos , La Paz Ariel , López Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Esta investigación identifica los aspectos diferenciadores en la construcción de denominaciones y enfoques curriculares de los programas de contabilidad en América Latina, basándose en 345 programas de 325 universidades de países como Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia y Venezuela. La metodología mixta empleada combina análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se identificaron 50 denominaciones, que varían desde títulos generales como “contador público” hasta especialidades como “contabilidad y auditoría” o “contabilidad y finanzas”. La duración promedio de los programas es de 9,1 semestres, con un rango de 8 a 12 semestres. El análisis de mallas curriculares revela una considerable heterogeneidad entre países e instituciones, con una gran diversidad en las áreas de conocimiento impartidas. Los resultados indican que los perfiles de egreso de las universidades a menudo difieren de lo prometido en las mallas curriculares, lo que sugiere una desconexión entre los objetivos educativos y los planes de estudio implementados.
Differentiated learning with information technology for teachers at SMA Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Jaya Ivan , Hardi Sri Melvani , Elveny Marischa
Published: February 2025

Differentiated learning aims to improve classroom learning by accommodating students' diverse personalities and backgrounds, enabling effective and efficient participation. This community service provides training for teachers at SMA Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan on differentiated learning methods using information technology through a blended learning approach. The training included pre- and post-tests to evaluate teachers' knowledge and skills. Results showed a significant improvement in teachers' ability to use interactive applications such as Padlet, Nearpod, Classcraft, and Kahoot, with post-test scores indicating an average increase of 20% compared to pre-test scores. Statistical analysis using the T-test confirmed the enhancement, with p-values below 0.05 for differentiated learning concepts and application usage. Teachers reported Kahoot as the most preferred application, followed by Padlet, Classcraft, and Nearpod. The study concludes that designing and implementing diverse instructional strategies using interactive media tailored to students' needs fosters meaningful learning experiences and improves teaching outcomes. Future efforts will include sustained support for teachers and the development of technology-focused learning modules.
Development of local food source products in improving the health of mother and toddler children in Jaharun B Village, Galang District, Deli Serdang District
Authors: Bakara Tiar lince , Rumida  , Siahaan Ginta
Published: February 2025

Maternal and child health encompasses comprehensive efforts to maintain optimal health at every life stage, from pre-conception to menopause. Midwifery services play a crucial role in this system, focusing on women's reproductive health throughout their life cycle, as well as the health of infants and toddlers. Food and nutrition are essential for development and serve as key indicators of overall health. However, many children still experience nutritional deficiencies, often due to a lack of interest in protein-rich and vegetable-based foods. The aim of this Community Service initiative was to educate cadre groups and mothers of children under five on utilizing local food ingredients to create nutritious snacks. The program introduced innovative ways to process red bean flour, oyster mushrooms, and catfish into nuggets and meatballs, providing a protein-rich alternative for young children. The service was conducted in Jaharum B Village, Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency. Results indicated that participating mothers gained valuable knowledge about protein sources and acquired skills to prepare nutritious snacks from local ingredients. These efforts are expected to improve the nutritional intake of children under five, contributing to better community health outcomes.
КОЕФІЦІЄНТ СПАДУ ІНТЕНСИВНОСТІ РОСТУ ТА ЙОГО ЗВ'ЯЗОК З ВІДГОДІВЕЛЬНИМИ І М’ЯСНИМИ ЯКОСТЯМИ У МОЛОДНЯКУ СВИНЕЙ ВЕЛИКОЇ БІЛОЇ ПОРОДИ УГОРСЬКОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Халак Віктор Іванович , Хмельничий Леонтій Михайлович , Волощук Василь Михайлович , Засуха Людмила Василівна , Бордунова Ольга Георгіївна
Published: February 2025

В статті наведено результати досліджень відгодівельних і м’ясних якостей у молодняку свиней великої білої породи угорського походження різної внутріпородної диференціації за коефіцієнтом спаду інтенсивності росту, а також економічну ефективність їх використання в умовах промислового комплексу. Роботу виконано згідно програми наукових досліджень Національної академії аграрних наук України № 30 «Інноваційні технології племінного, промислового та органічного виробництва продукції свинарства». Оцінку молодняку свиней за відгодівельними і м’ясними якостями проводили згідно вимог «Методики оцінки кнурів і свиноматок за якістю потомства в умовах племінних заводів і племінних репродукторів». Для розрахунку коефіцієнта спаду інтенсивності росту молодняку свиней використовували дані живої маси на час народження, у 45-добовому та 3-місячному віці. Результати досліджень свідчать, що молодняк свиней великої білої породи угорського походження характеризується високими показниками середньодобового приросту живої маси, а за віком досягнення живої маси 100 кг, товщиною шпику на рівні 6-7 грудних хребців та довжиною охолодженої туші переважає мінімальні вимоги до класу еліта в середньому на 13,56%. Установлено, що тварини І піддослідної групи переважали ровесників ІІ і ІІІ за середньодобовим приростом живої маси на 1,95 і 5,15%, віком досягнення живої маси 100 кг – 1,79 і 3,25%, товщиною шпику на рівні 6-7 грудних хребців – 1,45 і 6,85%. За довжиною охолодженої туші різниця між тваринами ІІІ, ІІ і І піддослідних груп дорівнює 1,33 і 1,95%, довжиною беконної половини охолодженої півтуші – 0,35 і 1,99%, найбільшою (передньою) шириною беконної половини охолодженої туші – 6,47 і 9,86%, найменшою (задньою) шириною беконної половини охолодженої туші – 1,21 і 8,06%. Кількість достовірних зв’язків між коефіцієнтом спаду інтенсивності росту, відгодівельними і м’ясними якостями молодняку свиней підконтрольної популяції становить 28,57%. Максимальну прибавку додаткової продукції одержано від молодняку свиней І піддослідної групи (ΔK=84,88-96,24 бала). Вона становить +2,28%, а її вартість дорівнює +151,84 грн. / гол. На основі проведених досліджень можна зробити наступний висновок: критерієм відбору високопродуктивних свиноматок і кнурів-плідників за відгодівельними якостями їх потомства є їх відповідність класу еліта, а також тварини з коефіцієнтом спаду інтенсивності росту за період вирощування від народження до 3-місячного віку 84,88-96,24 бала.
Spatial relations of American bison (Bison bison) and domestic cattle in a montane environment
Authors:   Dept. of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, Univ. of California, USA, Van Vuren D. H.
Published: February 2025

Restoration of American bison (Bison bison) to montane environments where they once occurred requires information on ecological relationships with domestic cattle (Bos taurus) that now live there. Comparisons of the foraging distributions of sympatric bison and cattle in a 375-ha basin revealed that cattle were constrained by slope and distance from water, especially vertical distance, whereas bison responded mostly to forage availability. Cattle appeared to be central place foragers oriented around water and followed a strategy of meeting their energetic needs with the least cost. Bison, in contrast, appeared to be energy maximizers that moved often in response to forage availability. The result was relatively little overlap (29%) in spatial distributions. If bison replace cattle in montane environments, managers can expect a more even distribution of grazing pressure. Bison and cattle might be managed sympatrically; their spatial distributions may be sufficiently different to minimize competition for food, and the risk of interspecific disease transmission as well.
Pronura bidoup n. sp. (Collembola, Neanuridae, Neanurinae, Paleonurini) from southern Vietnam
Authors:   Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d’Entomologie, CNRS, Paris, France, Deharveng L. , Smolis A. ,   Zoological Institute of Wroclaw Univ., Poland
Published: February 2025

A new species of Pronura Delamare Debouteville, 1953, Pronura bidoup n. sp. is described from the Bi Doup massif in southern Vietnam, where it is largely distributed above 1,350 m. The new species exhibits a combination of characters unusual for the genus: shift of chaeta f towards chaeta e on labium, large central reticulate plate on head, presence of microchaetae on furcal rest, reduced chaetotaxy of legs and abdominal segment VI. It is related to Pronura ornata Deharveng & Bedos, 1993 from high altitude in Thailand.
Dos nuevas especies de Anillini cavernícolas pertenecientes al género Speleotyphlus Jeanne,1973 (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors:   Museu de Ciències Naturals (Zoologia), Barcelona, Spain, Vives J. , Escolà O. ,   Museu de Ciències Naturals (Zoologia), Barcelona, Spain, Vives E. ,   Museu de Ciències Naturals (Zoologia), Barcelona, Spain
Published: February 2025

Two new species of subterranean Anillini belonging to genus Speleotyphlus Jeanne, 1973 (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Speleotyphlus comasi n. sp. and S. virgilii n. sp. from two caves Cueva del Turcacho (Teruel province) and Cova Bonica in Ulldecona (Tarragona province) are described. The former was collected in 1981 and was a female. Despite several attempts the male was not found. Only one other species S. fideli Viñolas & Escolà has been described for the province of Teruel but S. comasi clearly differs regarding the shape of the elytra and umbilicate series. S. virgilii n. sp. is very similar to S. fadriquei Español, 1999 but is slightly larger and the pronotum is transverse rather than elongated as in S. fadriquei Español.
Some observations on the life history of the freshwater amphipod Echinogammarus longisetosus Pinkster, 1973 (Gammaridae) from Catalonia (Spain, N Iberian peninsula)
Authors:   Dept. de Biologia Animal (Artròpodes), Fac. de Biologia, Univ. de Barcelona, Spain, Guerao G.
Published: February 2025

Aspects of the population structure and reproductive biology of the freshwater amphipod Echinogammarus longisetosus were studied in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia, Spain). Amphipods were sampled at approximately monthly intervals from September 1999 to October 2000. Pairs in precopula and ovigerous females were present all year round. The sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1. Juveniles were abundant in all samples (> 40%). The number of eggs carried by females (N) was related to the size of the females (LP3) (range: 9-68, mean value: 28.2): N = 0.594 LP33.141 (n = 80, r = 0.7136, LP3 were measured from the anterior part of the head to the posterior edge of the third pereional segment; total length was approximately 3.5 times greater than LP3 ). The mean embryo diameter was 0.45 mm (mean of measurements of the long and short axes of recently laid eggs). The egg volume increased during development (2 fold by eggs close to hatching)
Consideraciones sobre la identidad de Onychochaeta elegans (Cognetti, 1905) (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae)
Authors:   Fac. de Biología, Univ. de La Habana, Cuba, Rodríguez C. , Moreno A. G. ,   Fac. de Biología, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Spain, Cabrera G. ,   Inst. de Ecología y Sistemática, La Habana, Cuba
Published: February 2025

Considerations on the identity of Onychochaeta elegans (Cognetti, 1905) (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae)

Anatomical variability of Onychochaeta elegans in Cuban populations was studied. A comparison among these populations and O. elegans cubana Michaelsen, 1924 and O. cubana Zicsi, 1995 from Cuba, as well as the descriptions of the typical form of Cognetti (1905) from Panama and Colombian specimens (Righi, 1995) was made. Besides, new materials from Mexico and Panama were added. Variations in anatomical characters in Cuban populations included those present in continental forms, so, there were not any character that justifies the division of O. elegans nor subspecies neither in distinct insular and continental species.
Game species: extinction hidden by census numbers
Authors:   Fac. de Veterinaria, Univ. de Extremadura, Spain, Carranza J. , Martínez J. G. ,   Dept. de Biología Animal y Ecología, Fac. de Ciencias, Univ. de Granada, Spain, Sánchez-Prieto C. B. ,   Fac. de Veterinaria, Univ. de Extremadura, Spain, Fernández-García J. L. ,   Dept. de Zootecnia, Fac. de Veterinaria, Univ. de Extremadura, Spain, Sánchez-Fernández B. ,   Fac. de Veterinaria, Univ. de Extremadura, Spain, Álvarez-Álvarez R. ,   Fac. de Veterinaria, Univ. de Extremadura, Spain, Valencia J. ,   Fac. de Veterinaria, Univ. de Extremadura, Spain, Alarcos S. ,   Fac. de Veterinaria, Univ. de Extremadura, Spain
Published: February 2025

Management of game species may involve a risk of alteration of their genetic properties. Local adaptations may be disrupted if artificially selected individuals from farms or those belonging to distant geographical areas are introduced to increase population density or trophy ‘quality’. In Spain, red deer (Cervus elaphus) from different European subspecies have been introduced to increase the size of trophies (antlers) of local populations. Legislation against these introductions is not effective for various reasons, and once the individuals are in the Iberian peninsula it is virtually impossible to prevent their spreading throughout the whole territory without a genetic tool to distinguish between autochthonous and foreign specimens. We have developed such a genetic test and propose a strategy to dissuade land-owners from importing foreign deer. Since deer are bred mainly for their antlers, our strategy is based on an agreement with the National Trophy Body in Spain which rejects trophies from foreign populations. Rejection decreases the value of the trophy so that it becomes more profitable to produce autochthonous deer. Using such a strategy at some critical step in the production or commercialisation process may be a good model to apply in protecting genetic properties of exploited species.
La sociedad mexicana en el teatro de Rodolfo Usigli
Authors: Vevia Romero Fernando Carlos
Published: February 2025

Rodolfo Usigli es considerado fundador del Teatro Mexicano, así como uno de los creadores literarios de la conciencia identitaria nacional. Este ensayo analiza las obras de Usigli a través del método semiótico de A. J. Greimas cuyo resultado nos permitirá observar de qué manera todas éstas se generan a partir de una oposición binaria de dos elementos: un yo frente a los demás, a la mujer, a la familia, a la vida artística, a la sociedad política o a la historia.
Overcoming “doom and gloom”: Envisioning desirable futures for Arctic biodiversity
Authors: Assmann Jakob , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela , Liski Anja , Chen Ann , Neumann Cornelia , Bischof Kai , Danks Fiona , Fernandes Isabel , Fischer David , Frederiksen Mads , García Criado Mariana , Heim Ramona , Johansen Malou , Jungblut Simon , Kim HyeJin , Kristjansson Bjarni , Ksenofontov Stanislav , Kuokkanen Rauna , Kuusanniemi-Abbotts Niina , Mevenkamp Hannah , Olsen Julia , Pilflykt Karin , Prothero Oliver , Ryf Divina , Schaad Lea , Wang Irina , White Kevin , Zemlianskii Vitalii
Published: February 2025

We co-created visions of desirable futures for Arctic biodiversity during a workshop which included representatives from academia, Indigenous Peoples, business and policy-making. Appreciating our diverse perspectives, we identified key actions that would enable the positive outcomes shared in our visions: boosting education, rethinking Arctic biodiversity governance, elevating the voices of Indigenous Peoples and the voices of local communities, developing scalable monitoring systems, and evaluating impacts of policies and economic activities.
Harnessing Large Language Models for Ecological Literature Reviews: A Practical Pipeline
Authors: Krishna Moorthy Sruthi , Qi Man , Rosen Alice , Malhi Yadvinder , Salguero-Gomez Rob
Published: February 2025

Hundreds of thousands of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature reports are published every year in ecology and conservation biology. This ever-growing body of knowledge presents new challenges. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly challenging for researchers to stay current on new information and to identify knowledge gaps. Here, we argue that Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o mini offer a powerful yet accessible solution to help overcome this challenge, as LLMs require only effective prompt engineering rather than specialized AI expertise. We present a streamlined LLM-driven pipeline for filtering and extracting information from large volumes of literature, illustrating its potential through two case studies. Our findings show that, by combining LLMs with short, iterative prompting workflows and targeted manual validation checks, researchers can rapidly obtain structured outputs—such as study locations, biome types, or quantitative measures—while minimizing model hallucinations and misinterpretations. We emphasize that domain experts remain integral for shaping prompts, verifying results, and ensuring the extracted information aligns with real-world research and conservation needs. Overall, this pipeline underscores the synergy between human expertise and LLM capabilities, promising more efficient literature reviews for a broad range of ecological and conservation applications.
Probable Sources of Errors in the Process of Sheep Wool Colour Photo-metric Determination
Authors: Tsybukh Andrii , Lysychenko Mykola , Kosulina Natalia , Kharchenko Victor
Published: February 2025

The livestock industry is characterized by a wide range of production - from industrial complexes to farms and private households. Unfortunately, the market for products of all types of animals is characterized by an imbalance of supply and demand and uneven domestic consumption. There is a decline in production and livestock numbers. Thus, the main problem of the sheep industry in Ukraine is a decrease in its commercial attractiveness on the one hand and its transformation over the past 20 years into small-scale production - more than 70% of the livestock is kept by farms and private households that are unable to meet the market's needs for quality raw materials - wool, due to limited financial capacity to comply with the requirements for the formation of a herd with appropriate parameters for wool. In addition, there is no infrastructure of procurement and processing enterprises and organizations in the regions that would effectively work with sheep products, which makes it impossible to form the batches of products necessary for the modern market for sale both domestically and abroad, and this also requires certification. One of the ways to solve the identified problem may be to introduce sorting by wool colour directly at the stage of shearing, which will increase the purchase price already when forming a batch of raw materials by colour. The aim of the study is to determine possible errors in determining the colour of wool when forming separate groups of animals before shearing. Thus, the proposed method and technical implementation makes it possible to sort a flock of sheep by colour directly in the production environment - on the farm, and then to carry out the entire shearing process in separate groups of animals and not to mix the wool of separate batches during accumulation and storage. The development of appropriate measuring and technological equipment, taking into account the established errors, will increase financial revenues for farms and farmers, which will contribute to the development of regional infrastructure for the procurement and processing of sheep products and the formation (creation) of large batches of products for sale abroad.
From machine learning to classroom learning:
Authors: Nesset Tore , Xavier Kevin
Published: February 2025

The present study reports on a machine learning experiment concerning mobile vowels in the Russian preposition v ‘in(to)’. It is shown that a neural network is able to predict mobile vowels in 97.4% of the cases in our dataset, and a decision tree is used to extract a set of three rules that a language learner can use to achieve nearly the same level of accuracy. We argue that these rules are valuable from the perspective of language pedagogy, but that some adjustments are necessary in order to make the rules simpler and more precise. Our study lends support to earlier analyses which emphasize the capacity of mobile vowels to prevent sequences of identical segments. We advance the Word Onset Hierarchy, which enables u s to evaluate the relative importance of phonological features for mobile vowels and highlights the gradient and asymmetric nature of mobile vowels. It is suggested that machine learning represents a valuable tool for language pedagogy, not only for mobile vowels, but also for other areas of Russian grammar that are challenging for students of Russian as a foreign language.
Между дискурсом и конструкцией:
Authors: Sokolova Svetlana , Egorov Dmitry
Published: February 2025

На сегодняшний день частица бывало описана значительно меньше, чем частица было, восходящая к древнерусскому плюсквамперфекту. В задачи данного исследования входило изучить динамику видо-временных форм глагола с контактным употреблением бывало, проверить, какие факторы влияют на выбор видо-временной формы, а также установить, может ли бывало входить в состав устойчивых синтаксических конструбкций. Опираясь на анализ примеров из Национального корпуса русского языка, мы продемонстрируем, что выбор видовой формы после бывало зависит от таких формальных показателей, как наличие цепочки действий и контраста, а также связан с диалогичностью или нарративностью контекста. На основании выборки можно выделить две конструкции: бывало + три или более глагола СВ непрошедшего времени и бывало + СВ прошедшего времени + контраст. Первая конструкция разворачивает типичный сценарий действий в прошлом и начинает реже употребляться со второй половины ХХ века. Вторая конструкция, судя по всему, является инновацией и зафиксирована главным образом в текстах Интернета. Обе конструкции представляют интерес, поскольку отражают способность глаголов СВ указывать на проявления повторяющихся действий. Мы рассмотрим свойства этих конструкций на фоне дискурсивных употреблений бывало.
En oavslutad dikt om ett oavslutat uppror
Authors: Franke Ulrik
Published: February 2025

The legendary Russian literary critic Belinsky famously described Pushkin’s novel in verse Eugene Onegin as an encyclopedia of Russian life. However, this encyclopedia seems seriously incomplete in that it largely leaves out elements of oppression, war, and insurrection. There are many valid explanations for this, but one, very blunt and prosaic, is that oppression and censorship actually worked – that it is absent in the fiction because it was present in reality. As a case in point, this article presents a novel translation into Swedish, with rhymes and meter preserved, of the fragments remaining of the unfinished tenth chapter of Eugene Onegin. This tenth chapter deals with the failed Decembrist uprising of 1825, and the misrule precipitating it, and it is not surprising that it could not be published at the time it was written. Though well known in the academic community, this fragment is rarely published in foreign translations, and as far as known, this is the first translation into a Scandinavian language. The article offers some commentary on the translation and concludes with a few remarks on the value of reading the classics even in times of turmoil.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Tin dan Minyak Zaitun terhadap Berat Badan Tikus Putih
Authors: Karim Marzelina , Indarwati Abdullah Rezky Putri , Syamsu Rachmat Faisal , Sulastri Evi , Rahman Dinda Briliany
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Prevalensi obesitas telah meningkat di seluruh dunia dalam 50 tahun terakhir, dan mencapai tingkat pandemi. Banyak tumbuhan yang dikenal oleh masyarakat dan diketahui memiliki khasiat dalam menyembuhkan penyakit, diantaranya adalah buah Tin dan Zaitun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh ekstrak buah Tin dan minyak Zaitun terhadap berat badan tikus putih yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak.
Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian true eksperimental dan desain penelitian pre-post test. Analisis statistik yang digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan pretest dan posttest pada semua kelompok adalah dengan menggunakan paired T-test dengan menggunakan SPSS.
Hasil: Didapatkan perubahan berat badan yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan III (KP III) yang diberikan perlakuan kombinasi ekstrak buah Tin dan minyak Zaitun selama 14 hari dengan p-value < 0,001.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pada pemberian ekstrak buah Tin (Ficus carica L.) dan minyak Zaitun (Olea europaea. L) terhadap berat badan tikus yang diinduksi Diet Tinggi Lemak.
Pengembangan Buku Referensi Biologi Berbasis Studi Etnosains Pada Relief Flora Candi Mendut
Authors: Yuda Fahrurozi
Published: February 2025

Candi Mendut merupakan bagunan keagamaan bercorak Buddha Mahayana yang terletak di desa Mendut, kecamatan Mungkid, kabupaten Magelang. Candi Mendut berpotensi menyimpan etnosains pada relief tumbuhan yang terdapat pada bagian kaki dan badan candi, namun masih belum banyak digali dan berpotensi untuk hilang. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya anggapan bahwa sains asli masyarakat masih belum teruji keilmiahannya. Dengan demikian diperlukan sebuah rekonstruksi sains asli masyarakat menjadi sains formal agar dapat diterima keberadaannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan buku referensi berbasis identifikasi etnosains pada relief flora candi Mendut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu research and development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan Borg & Gall dengan modifikasi 5 tahap yaitu: 1) penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi; 2) perencanaan; 3) pengembangan produk awal; 4) uji pendahuluan; dan 5) revisi produk. Pengumpulan data identifikasi relief tumbuhan didapatkan melalui observasi pada bagian kaki dan badan candi Mendut. pengumpulan data etnosains relief flora pada candi Mendut dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap seniman ukir relief, arkeolog dan studi literatur. Analisis kelayakan buku referensi didapatkan melalui lembar validasi materi dan validasi grafika. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat 40 relief tumbuhan dengan klasifikasi 9 spesies, 8 ordo dan 8 famili dapat teridentifikasi dan 1 spesies tumbuhan tidak dapat teridentifikasi Terdapat 5 tahapan dalam pembuatan relief yaitu: 1) pencarian ide; 2) pembahanan atau pembakalan; 3) pembuatan sketsa; 4) pemahatan; dan 5) finishing. Hasil validasi materi diperoleh persentase 92,71% dengan kategori sangat layak. Penilaian ahli grafika diperoleh persentase 77,38% dengan kategori layak dan tidak perlu dilakukan revisi.
To Brief or Not to Brief: Using the Same Simulation for Different Learning Goals
Authors: Brown Colin , Ostojski Jennifer
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we discuss the development of a basic coalition bargaining simulation based on the post-election negotations in the German Bundestag. After several iterations and sharing the coalition with others, two of the original developers found their intended learning outcomes diverging (one using it primarily to teach bargaining and party fragmentation theoretically, the other to teach the German case more specifically and deeply) and found their approaches to breifing and debriefing students diverging as well. We then compare the two approaches taken to the SoTL literature on simulation, developing hypotheses about how different forms of debriefing and game design might suggest different briefing/debriefing plans while maintaining the same basic simulation. We then present a research design (and seek panel feedback) on how to test these hypotheses across different insitutions in the 2025/2026 academic year with more formalized lesson plans on briefing and debriefing.
Tolerating Violence against Women: Attitude Evolution and Typology in Romania
Authors: Rughinis Cosima , Vulpe Simona-Nicoleta , Rughinis Razvan , Rosner Daniel
Published: February 2025

In this study, we investigate public attitudes toward violence against women, by analyzing the 2022 Violence Against Women (VaW) survey in Romania. The objectives of this research are to study the evolution of attitudes, to explore the typology of tolerance regarding violence against women, and to uncover the social stratification of the typology of tolerance attitudes in this regard. The methodology uses secondary analysis of a nationally representative survey, using both linear and cluster analysis to explore patterns in public tolerance regarding violence against women. We found that violence against women is strongly condemned by a large majority of the Romanian population, albeit with some variability. Men and people with lower formal education, lower household income, and who are more religiously involved were more likely to express weaker condemnation of violence against women. We identified four types of attitudes through cluster analysis, distinguishing people with zero tolerance from a very small cluster with high tolerance for all forms of violence against women. In addition, two types of relative tolerance were identified, namely the cluster of “tolerance for domestic patriarchalism,” which was discursively inclined toward some justification for social violence and for forms of sexual violence, but not for physical violence, and the cluster of “tolerance for domestic violence,” which was inclined toward some justification for verbal, physical, sexual, and social violence located in the household or between men and women who are familiar which each other. This study contributes to the understanding of how social norms and discursive practices influence gender-related attitudes and the legitimization of violence, with implications for policy and public education aimed at reducing tolerance for gender-based violence.
Optimizing Ordering Policies for Imperfect Inventory Systems Integrating Trade Credit and Carbon Emission
Authors: Bhardwaj Sahil , Chauhan Sudhir Kumar , Mittal Mandeep , Cárdenas-Barrón Leopoldo Eduardo , Chaudhary Riju
Published: February 2025

Reducing carbon emissions is about protecting the future, in which the greatest treasures are clean air, a stable temperature and a thriving planet, not only about saving the environment. Using Hill's (1997) model, this study investigates how environmental factors might be included in inventory control—more especially, how trade credit, fuel prices, and pollution taxes might be used. This paper explores the continuous difficulty of keeping a regular supply of high-quality products in the dynamic market of today, where the possibility of providing faulty goods never disappears. This study aims primarily to minimise the predicted total cost by means of a derivative-based technique and to identify the ideal order quantity. These findings highlight a strong correlation between lowering carbon emissions and attaining financial savings. This paper emphasises the critical part environmental awareness plays in efficient inventory control. A sensible framework is presented for concurrently lowering prices and carbon emissions by including trade credit into Hill's (1997) model. A numerical example together with a sensitivity analysis shows the model's resilience. Finally, this study emphasises the need to include environmental elements into inventory control plans and provides a workable road to reach both environmental responsibility and financial economy.
Comparison of the safety of remimazolam and propofol during general anesthesia in elderly patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xianchun , Zhang Longyi , Zhao Li , Zhou Xuelei , Mao Wei , Chen Linlin , Zhu Hongyu , Xie Ying , Li Linji
Published: February 2025

Background

Remimazolam is a novel sedative drug approved for procedural sedation and general anesthesia. Clinical trials have already explored its use in elderly patients for general anesthesia. For elderly patients with declining physical and physiological function, anesthesia safety is crucial. Most current clinical studies compare the safety of remimazolam and propofol, though the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare the safety of remimazolam and propofol in general anesthesia for elderly patients.

Methods

We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases for all published randomized controlled trials comparing remimazolam and propofol for general anesthesia in elderly patients. We synthesized data from eligible studies using relative risk or mean difference, and analyzed differences in hemodynamic stability and adverse effects between the two drugs. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers.

Results

Eight randomized controlled trials involving 571 participants were included. Compared to propofol, remimazolam was associated with a lower incidence of hypotension (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: [0.33, 0.81], I2 = 18%, p = 0.3 > 0.1) and bradycardia (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: [0.31, 1.02], Z = 1.88, p = 0.06 < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure after induction was higher in the remimazolam group (WMD = 3.95, 95% CI: [3.197, 9.498], Z = 3.95, p < 0.00001). The remimazolam group had a higher heart rate (HR) after induction compared to the propofol group (WMD = 7.89, 95% CI: [−2.39, 18.17], Z = 1.5, p = 0.13 > 0.05), but this result was not statistically significant. Among other secondary outcomes, the remimazolam group had lower incidences of injection site pain, nausea and vomiting, and hypoxemia compared to the propofol group, and also had a shorter extubation time.

Conclusion

In this meta-analysis, compared to propofol, remimazolam reduced the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, and injection site pain during general anesthesia in elderly patients. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were more stable after induction. Remimazolam may be a safer sedative for elderly patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024516950, CRD42024516950.
Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study
Authors: Qin Xi , Sun Yunyun , Wang Shana , Xie Xiaolan , Gao Lei , Li Huijian , Wei Ruihua , Fu Jing , Zhu Bidan
Published: February 2025

Background

The high myopia prevalence in young East Asian children necessitates early detection and prevention strategies. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and the AL to CR ratio (AL/CR) are potential myopia biomarkers. However, the influence of genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors on these metrics in Chinese preschool children remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of these factors on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio in children aged 3–6 years in Beijing.

Methods

In this 3-month study, initiated in November 2021, children aged 3–6 years from nine kindergartens in Beijing were randomly selected for ocular biological parameter measurements. The height and weight of each child were measured, and their parents completed a questionnaire on parental myopia and environmental influences. The AL/CR ratio were calculated. One-way analysis of variance, univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression models (with age, sex, height, weight, parental myopia, continuous near-work time, electronic products use, and outdoor activity time as variables) were used to compare the effects of different variables on the AL, CR, and AL/CR ratio.

Results

Overall, 1,353 participants (708 boys; mean age, 4.37 ± 0.82 years) were included in this study. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that parental myopia significantly increased the AL and AL/CR ratio (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Male participants had a longer AL, larger CR, and greater AL/CR ratio than female participants (all p < 0.001). A longer AL and larger CR were associated with greater height (both p < 0.001). The AL/CR ratio increased with age (p < 0.001). The CR was positively associated with the amount of time spent outdoors (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Ocular biological parameters are influenced by genetic, growth and development, and environmental factors. Among children aged 3–6 years in Beijing, monitoring growth and development, investigating parental myopia, and evaluating eye habits have certain guiding significance for delaying increases in the AL and AL/CR ratio. This study may provide some suggestions for the development of healthy eye habits.