bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications
Authors: Bhale Aishwarya Sudam , Meilhac Olivier , d'Hellencourt Christian Lefebvre , Vijayalakshmi Mookambeswaran A. , Venkataraman Krishnan
Published: April 2024

High‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named “apo” lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral role in HDL stability, structure, function, and metabolism. The unique structure and functions of each apolipoprotein influence important processes such as inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism. These interactions also shape the stability and performance of HDL particles. HDLs apolipoproteins have multifaceted roles beyond cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are involved in various physiological processes and disease states. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these apolipoproteins can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in‐depth understanding of HDL apolipoproteins, highlighting their distinct structures, functions, and contributions to various physiological processes. Exploiting this knowledge holds great potential for improving HDL function, enhancing cholesterol efflux, and modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting the risks associated with CVDs and other inflammation‐based pathologies. Understanding the nature of all 15 apolipoproteins expands our knowledge of HDL metabolism, sheds light on their pathological implications, and paves the way for advancements in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lipid and inflammatory‐related disorders.
Hydroxyapatite‐loaded macroporous calcium alginate hydrogels: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Drozdova Maria , Makhonina Alika , Gladkikh Daria , Artyukhov Alexander , Bryukhanov Leonid , Mezhuev Yaroslav , Lozinsky Vladimir , Markvicheva Elena
Published: April 2024

Hydrogels from natural polysaccharides are of great interest for tissue engineering. This study aims (1) to prepare hydroxyapatite‐loaded macroporous calcium alginate hydrogels by novel one‐step technique using internal gelation in water‐frozen solutions; (2) to evaluate their physicochemical properties; (3) to estimate their ability to support cell growth and proliferation in vitro. The structure of the hydrogel samples in a swollen state was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy and was shown to represent a system of interconnected macropores with sizes of tens micron. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels, their mechanical properties (Young's moduli) in function of a hydroxyapatite content (5–30 mass%) were studied. All hydrogel samples loaded with hydroxyapatite were found to support growth and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts (L929) at long‐term cultivation for 7 days. The obtained macroporous composite Ca‐Alg‐HA hydrogels could be promising for tissue engineering.
Creating a sustainable future through Industry 4.0 technologies: Untying the role of circular economy practices and supply chain visibility
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Du Jianguo , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Shahzad Fakhar
Published: April 2024

The intersection of Industry 4.0 technology (I4.0‐Tech) with sustainability (SUS) remains largely unexplored, particularly due to its interactions with supply chain visibility (SCV) and circular economy practices (CEP). To fill this gap, our study empirically examines I4.0‐Tech's impact on SUS through SCV and CEP. We utilized structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships using data from a survey of 344 medium and large Chinese firms. The empirical findings support the indirect role of I4.0 through SCV, and CEP. I4.0‐Tech enables real‐time material and product tracking for SCV. Optimizing material utilization, fostering closed‐loop supply chains, and allowing circular product design enhance CEP. Furthermore, our findings show a positive relationship between SCV, CEP, and SUS. This highlights the need for robust supply chain capabilities in enabling I4.0‐Tech to drive SUS. This paradigm emphasizes recalibrating approaches to SCV and CEP‐focused frameworks to easily include and exploit I4.0‐Tech. This study contributes to the literature and gives actionable insights for managers and policymakers wanting to synergize I4.0‐Tech, SCV, and CEP in industrial processes to promote sustainability goals and a sustainable future.
Association of leptin receptor polymorphisms with susceptibility of non‐small cell lung cancer: Evidence from 2249 subjects
Authors: Tang Weifeng , Wang Jian , Dai Ting , Qiu Hao , Liu Chao , Chen Shuchen , Hu Zhendong
Published: April 2024

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing dramatically. It is believed that energy metabolism‐related genes could play an important role in etiology of NSCLC. In this study, we sought to assess the correlation between three LEPR single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1137101, rs1137100 and rs6588147) with NSCLS susceptibility. In total, 1193 NSCLC cases and 1056 controls were included. SNPscan™ genotyping method was used to analyze the genotypes of LEPR polymorphisms. Compared to rs6588147 GG in LEPR gene, this study identified a protective role of LEPR rs6588147 GA and GA/AA for the occurrence of NSCLC (GA vs. GG [p = 0.021] and GA/AA vs. GG [p = 0.030]). As well, we found that a protective role of LEPR rs6588147 for the occurrence of non‐SCC subgroup (p < 0.05). By logistic regression analysis, we found that the rs6588147 A allele related genotypes might play a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC in drinking, BMI ≥24 kg/m2, smoking and male subgroups. We also found that the rs1137101 A allele related genotypes played a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC in male, younger participants (under 59 years) and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) subgroups. We found that LEPR Ars1037100Ars1037101Ars6588147 haplotype might play a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC (p = 0.013). In addition, our findings indicated that LEPR rs1137100 G>A SNP might increase the risk of lymph node metastases (p = 0.038). This study highlights that LEPR rs6588147, rs1137101 genotypes and LEPR Ars1037100Ars1037101Ars6588147 haplotype are correlated with the occurrence of NSCLC. LEPR rs1137100 G>A SNP increases the risk of lymph node metastases.
The efficiency and safety of low‐dose apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine in pretreated HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Huang Jia‐Yi , Chen Xue‐Lian , Xie Xiao‐Feng , Song Lin , Chen Li‐Ping , Lan Xiao‐Feng , Bai Xue , Chen Xiao , Du Cai‐Wen
Published: April 2024

Background

Apatinib is an oral small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2. Oral vinorelbine is a semisynthetic chemotherapeutic agent of vinorelbine alkaloids. Apatinib and oral vinorelbine have been proved to be effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (mBC). At present, several small sample clinical trials have explored the efficacy of apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine in the treatment of mBC.

Methods

This retrospective study included 100 human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2)‐negative mBC patients who received low‐dose apatinib (250 mg orally per day) plus oral vinorelbine until disease progression or intolerance during February 2017 and March 2023. The progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software and GraphPad Prism 8 software. Cox proportional hazards regression model for univariate and multivariate was used to identify factors significantly related to PFS and OS.

Results

The median follow‐up time for this study was 38.1 months. Among 100 patients with HER2‐negative mBC, 66 were hormone receptor (HR)‐positive/HER2‐negative and 34 were triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). The median PFS and OS were 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.2–6.8 months) and 23.0 months (95% CI, 19.9–26.1 months). There were no statistical differences in PFS (p = 0.239) and OS (p = 0.762) between the HR‐positive /HER2‐negative and TNBC subgroups. The ORR, CBR, and DCR were 21.0%, 58.0%, and 78.0%, respectively. Ninety‐five patients (95.0%) experienced varying grades of adverse events (AEs) and 38.0% of patients for Grades 3–4. The most common Grades 3–4 AEs that we observed were neutropenia (30.0%) and leukopenia (25.0%).

Conclusion

Low‐dose apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine demonstrates potential efficacy and well tolerated for pretreated HER2‐negative mBC.
An empirical analysis of overall survival in drug approvals by the US FDA (2006–2023)
Authors: Elbaz Josh , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay
Published: April 2024

Background

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded the use of surrogate markers in drugs approved for oncology/hematology indications. This has likely resulted in a greater number of approvals and possibly drugs coming to market faster, but it is unknown whether these drugs also improve overall survival (OS) for patients taking them.

Methods

We sought to estimate the percentage of oncology drugs that have shown to improve OS in a cross‐sectional analysis of US FDA oncology drug approvals (2006–2023). We searched for OS data in registration trials and the peer‐reviewed literature.

Results

We found 392 oncology drug approvals. Eighty‐seven (22%) drug approvals were based on OS, 147 drug approvals were later tested for OS benefit (38% of all approvals and 48% of drugs approved on a surrogate), and 130 (33%) have yet to be tested for OS benefit. Of the 147 drug approvals later tested for OS, 109 (28% of all approvals and 74% of drugs later tested for OS) have yet to show OS benefit, whereas 38 (10% of all approvals and 26% of drugs later tested for OS benefit) were later shown to have OS benefit. In total, 125 out of 392 (32%) drugs approved for any indication have been shown to improve OS benefit at some point, and 267 (68%) have yet to show approval.

Conclusion

About 32% of all oncology drug approvals have evidence for an improvement in OS. Higher standards are needed in drug regulation to ensure that approved drugs are delivering better patient outcomes, specifically in regards to survival.
Endogenous Antimicrobial‐Immunomodulatory Molecules: Networking Biomolecules of Innate Immunity
Authors: Weaver Donald F.
Published: April 2024

Endogenous antimicrobial‐immunomodulatory molecules (EAIMs) are essential to immune‐mediated human health and evolution. Conventionally, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been regarded as the dominant endogenous antimicrobial molecule; however, AMPs are not sufficient to account for the full spectrum of antimicrobial‐immunomodulatory duality occurring within the human body. The threat posed by pathogenic microbes is pervasive with the capacity for widespread impact across many organ systems and multiple biochemical pathways; accordingly, the host needs the capacity to react with an equally diverse response. This can be attained by having EAIMs that traverse the full range of molecular size (small to large molecules) and structural diversity (including molecules other than peptides). This review identifies multiple molecules (peptide/protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, small organic molecule, and metallic cation) as EAIMs and discusses the possibility of cooperative, additive effects amongst the various EAIM classes during the host response to a microbial assault. This comprehensive consideration of the full molecular diversity of EAIMs enables the conclusion that EAIMs constitute a previously uncatalogued structurally diverse and collectively underappreciated immuno‐active group of integrated molecular responders within the innate immune system's first line of defence.
Screening and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in criminal legal settings: A realist review
Authors: Jewell Emma , Dunleavy Bianka , Faitakis Martina , Pun Jessica W. , Moss Sarah , Pei Jacqueline , Mela Mansfield , Flannigan Katherine , Tremblay Melissa , McLachlan Kaitlyn
Published: April 2024

Background

Screening for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) has been identified as a promising approach to improve recognition, understanding and effective response to the unique needs of those with FASD in criminal legal settings. However, to date, there has been limited synthesis of relevant screening tools, indicators, or implementation considerations in this context.

Aims

The present review aimed to synthesise evidence and develop a conceptual framework for understanding how, when, why, for whom and by whom FASD screening tools, items and/or indicators and characteristics serve to accurately identify people with FASD in criminal legal contexts, with consideration of individual and system needs relevant to effective implementation and response.

Methods

A preregistered search was conducted using a modified realist review framework for both peer‐reviewed articles and grey literature. Included sources were available in English, which focused on individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure and/or FASD with criminal legal involvement and offered new empirical evidence. Sources were reviewed using the Quality Control Tool for Screening Titles and Abstracts by Second Reviewer framework, extracted using a structured coding form and narratively synthesised.

Results

The search yielded 52 sources, 11 FASD screening tools designed for or applied in criminal legal settings and 38 potential FASD indicators or characteristics relevant to identifying people who may have FASD in criminal legal settings, organised into six conceptually related domains. There was limited evidence supporting the psychometric properties of screening tools across populations or settings, though growing evidence highlights the promise of some instruments. Although few studies characterised potential considerations to be made when implementing a screening tool or approach, both system and individual level needs related to recognising and effectively responding to FASD in criminal legal contexts were identified, and findings revealed strong support among legal and clinical professionals regarding the need for FASD screening in these settings.

Conclusions

Findings of this review can be used to inform the development, selection, implementation and evaluation of FASD screening tools in criminal legal settings and underscore a continued need for enhanced resources, policy and cross‐sectoral response to better support the needs of people with FASD in the criminal legal contexts.
Hepatic micro‐abscesses as an unusual initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
Authors: Sasi Sreethish , Eltahir Mugahid , Ibrahim Ezzeddin , Padmakumari Aishwariya , Kolleri Jouhar , Abdallah Tasneem , Shehatta Ahmed Labib , Hadwan Nawal , Jaouni Hani , Al‐Maslamani Muna
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Hepatic micro‐abscesses can be a rare initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune etiologies when infectious causes are ruled out and emphasizes the need for early recognition and appropriate treatment of atypical hepatic manifestations in SLE to achieve favorable outcomes.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs, including the liver. While hepatic involvement in SLE is typically subclinical or associated with mild liver enzyme elevations, rare manifestations such as hepatic micro‐abscesses and hepatic vasculitis have been reported. We report the case of a 27‐year‐old female who presented with persistent high‐grade fever, bilateral exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion, hepatic micro‐abscesses, anemia, and lymphopenia. Despite extensive investigations and antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition continued to worsen. The diagnosis of hepatic vasculitis, a rare manifestation of SLE, was ultimately made based on clinical suspicion, positive autoimmune markers, and negative septic workup. The patient responded well to high‐dose corticosteroid therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin, with resolution of liver lesions and clinical improvement. Hepatic involvement in SLE is diverse, and atypical presentations can pose diagnostic challenges. Hepatic vasculitis, although rare, should be considered in SLE patients presenting with liver lesions. The management involves immunosuppressive therapy, and prompt diagnosis is crucial to prevent further vascular damage. Hepatic micro‐abscesses, another rare manifestation of SLE, are thought to result from immune complex deposition. The exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Hepatic micro‐abscesses can have both infectious and non‐infectious causes, and it is very important to rule out common microbial pathogens. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying SLE activity with immunosuppressive agents. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and management considerations in atypical hepatic manifestations of SLE. Awareness of rare presentations and collaboration among multiple specialties are essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Be prepared for the unexpected: Mind‐stretching in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction with situs inversus totalis
Authors: Viggiani Giacomo , Ibrahim Tareq , Allescher Julia , Steger Alexander
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Situs inversus totalis is a rare diagnosis, but the likelihood of experiencing myocardial infarction is presumed to be comparable to the general population average. In individuals exhibiting situs inversus with suspected myocardial infarction, ECG recording, including right precordial leads, is crucial for diagnostic assessment. Coronary angiography and intervention should be performed with standard equipment using inverted maneuvers and radiographic projections.
Unlocking the Potential of Bismuth‐Based Materials in Supercapacitor Technology: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yetiman Sevda , Peçenek Hilal , Dokan Fatma Kılıç , Sanduvaç Senem , Serdar Onses Mustafa , Yılmaz Erkan , Sahmetlioglu Ertugrul
Published: April 2024

Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted significant attention in the realm of energy storage devices due to their exceptional features, such as enhanced charge storage capacity, fast charge‐discharge rates, and high power density. The emergence of cost‐effective and highly productive SCs is a topic of interest among industrial and scientific communities. Ferrites with a perovskite crystal structure are often considered excellent electrode materials due to their intrinsic properties, affordability, low environmental impact, and widespread availability. An in‐depth investigation of perovskite ferrites in the context of SCs is necessary to advance the understanding of these materials. The techniques used in the synthesis of ABO3‐type perovskite bismuth ferrite materials are comprehensively reviewed in this review. The review starts by analyzing various types of SCs classified based on their electrode materials. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the design and functionality of these devices, serving as an important source of inspiration for new methods of synthesis and fabrication methodologies that aim to produce environmentally friendly SCs.
Probing Carbon Materials Towards the Vanadium(IV)/(V) Reaction by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Steimecke Matthias , Carthäuser Jens , Fiedler Lena , Dieterich Emil , Bron Michael
Published: April 2024

A method is presented to quantitatively analyze the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV) over two flat carbon substrates (glassy carbon and graphite foil) using the feedback mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy. A pulse profile is validated and applied during approach curve experiments of a 10 μm Pt microelectrode. By fitting the approach curve data, electron transfer constants are calculated for various potentials and k0 is extracted from the corresponding Tafel plot. Furthermore, surface functional groups were introduced to the carbon substrates by acid treatment; however, kinetic parameters of the sluggish reduction reaction were only influenced to a minor extent. Finally, the same approach, combined with in situ‐Raman microscopy, is applied to a single graphene layer using a 2.7 μm Pt microelectrode. In this case, increased activity for both, the vanadium(V) reduction and vanadium(IV) oxidation reaction, was found close to the graphene edge sites by means of electrochemical microscopy for the first time.
Senolysis of gemcitabine‐induced senescent human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Mahbubul , Iida Yuichi , Kotani Hitoshi , Harada Mamoru
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Gemcitabine (GEM) is often used to treat pancreatic cancer. Many anti‐cancer drugs induce cancer cell death, but some cells survive after cell cycle arrest. Such a response to DNA damage is termed cellular senescence. Certain drugs, including the Bcl‐2‐family inhibitor ABT‐263, kill senescent cells; this is termed senolysis. In this study, we examined the therapeutic benefits of ABT‐263 in GEM‐induced senescence of human pancreatic cancer cells.

Methods and Results

Of four pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC‐1, AsPC‐1, CFPAC‐1, and PANC10.05), GEM induced senescent features in PANC‐1 and AsPC‐1 cells, including increases in the cell sizes and expression levels of mRNAs encoding interleukin (IL)‐6/IL‐8 and induction of β‐galactosidase. Successive treatment with GEM and ABT‐263 triggered apoptosis in PANC‐1 and AsPC‐1 cells and suppressed colony formation significantly. Senolysis of GEM‐induced senescent pancreatic cancer cells by ABT‐263 was triggered by a Bcl‐xL inhibitor, but not by a Bcl‐2 inhibitor, suggesting a central role for Bcl‐xL in senolysis. In a xenograft mouse model, combined treatment with GEM and ABT‐737 (an ABT‐263 analog exhibiting the same specificity) suppressed in vivo growth of AsPC‐1 significantly.

Conclusion

Together, our results indicate that sequential treatment with GEM and senolytic drugs effectively kill human pancreatic cancer cells.
Principal Singlet Fission Properties Of Twisted Acenes
Authors: Stanger Amnon
Published: April 2024

Acenes, especially tetracene derivatives, are used as singlet fission materials. The recent synthesis of Dodecaphenyl tetracene (showing end‐to‐end twist angles of 96–98 degrees) and twisted anthracene derivatives show that the synthesis of twisted linear oligoacenes is possible. Energy calculations and NICS‐X‐scan studies predict that twisted acenes may be better singlet fission materials compared to their planar analogues.
Unlocking the Secrets of Soil: Exploring the Microbiome and Its Applications—Part 2
Authors: Ghimire Om Prakash , Nepal Jaya , Poudel Pratima , Powar Suraj
Published: April 2024

The term “microbiome” refers to a collective assembly of microorganisms within a specific environment, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses, influencing dynamic functions within the system. Microbes play a pivotal role in the production of various food items, wines, and medicinal compounds. Their significance in agriculture and ecology is monumental, which will be explored in this two‐part article. In this second part, we’ll discuss the microbiome’s role in plant adaptation and driving the biogeochemical processes in soil across scales, mathematical and statistical modeling of plant–soil–microbe interactions, and areas of future research.
N6‐methyladenosine‐modified circTEAD1 stabilizes Yap1 mRNA to promote chordoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Hanwen , Tang Yingchuang , Ruan Xingbang , Zhang Junxin , Liu Hao , Yu Shiyu , Chen Hao , Yang Huilin , Zhang Kai , Chen Kangwu
Published: April 2024

Background

Chordoma, a rare bone tumour with aggressive local invasion and high recurrence rate with limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been extensively implicated in tumorigenesis, yet their involvement in chordoma remains largely unexplored. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification holds a crucial function in regulating protein translation, RNA degradation and transcription.

Methods

Initially, screening and validation of circTEAD1 in chordoma were conducted by high‐throughput sequencing. Subsequently, sh‐circTEAD1 and an overexpression plasmid were constructed. Colony formation assays, cell counting kit‐8, Transwell and wound healing assays were utilized to validate the function of circTEAD1 in vitro. RNA pull‐down assays identified the binding proteins of circTEAD1, which underwent verification through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Methylated RIP assays were conducted to detect the m6A binding sites. Following this, luciferase assay, RT‐qPCR, RIP and Western blotting analyses were conducted, revealing that Yap1 was the direct target of circTEAD1. Afterwards, the same methods were utilized for the validation of the function of Yap1 in chordoma in vitro. Finally, the regulatory relationship between circTEAD1 and Yap1 in chordoma was verified by an in vivo tumour formation assay.

Results

CircTEAD1 was identified as an upregulated circRNA in chordoma specimens, with heightened circTEAD1 expression emerging as a prognostic indicator. In vitro experiments convincingly demonstrated that circTEAD1 significantly promoted chordoma cell invasion, migration and aggressiveness. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that methyltransferase‐like 3‐mediated m6A modification facilitated the cytoplasmic export of circTEAD1. The circTEAD1/IGF2BP3/Yap1 mRNA RNA‐protein ternary complex not only bolstered the stability of Yap1 mRNA but also exerted a pivotal role in driving chordoma tumorigenesis.

Conclusions

In this study, the role of m6A‐modified circTEAD1 in chordoma was identified. The findings offer novel insights into the potential molecular targets for chordoma therapy, shedding light on the intricate interplay between circRNAs, m6A modification and Yap1 mRNA in chordoma pathogenesis.
Chaos quantum optimization‐based layered diagnosis framework for faulty sensor node diagnosis and classification in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Babu Nagarajan , Santhosh Kumar Sripathi Venkata Naga
Published: April 2024

Node faults are often influenced by factors such as physical component failure, communication module errors, battery exhaustion, and environmental factors. Various researchers have contributed to addressing the problem of detecting, diagnosing, and classifying faults in sensor networks. However, computational complexity and fault occurrence probability increase with the size of the network. In this context, an enhanced optimized layered diagnosis framework (OLDF) is proposed for detecting, diagnosing, and classifying sensor node faults. OLDF utilizes a deep belief network (DBN) with chaos quantum‐behaved particle swarm optimization (CQ‐PSO) for efficient diagnosis and classification of various sensor faults in the network. The proposed OLDF consists of two layers. In the first layer, optimized DBN with CQ‐PSO algorithm is employed to determine the fault type of the sensor nodes. Then, the fault type of sensor nodes that are classified in the first layer is given as input into the second layer of the OLDF algorithm to determine the fault severity in the network. Experimentation has been carried out by using the NS3 simulator for the OLDF framework with performance metrics such as classification accuracy, diagnosis accuracy, false positives, fault alarm rate, and average energy consumption. The validity of the proposed framework has been verified through comparisons with existing works such as MFD, INSA, FDRFC, and HFD. From the comparative analysis carried out, it is apparent that the proposed framework achieves a high classification accuracy of 89.94% and diagnosis accuracy of 93.21%, with less false positive rate, and utilizes minimum energy when compared with its counterparts.
Visionary preparation is critical for success
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: April 2024

I was born in 1958, during the peak of the baby boom birthrate years. Fast forward two decades: I graduated from college in May 1980. In June I turned 22, and in July, I started my first professional job in admissions and recruiting at my alma mater.
Scale‐dependent effects of herbivory on moss communities in Arctic wetlands: A 25‐year experiment
Authors: Liu Chao , Gauthier Gilles , Gignac Charles , Lévesque Esther , Rochefort Line
Published: April 2024

Arctic ecosystems are undergoing rapid changes, including increasing disturbance by herbivore populations, which can affect plant species coexistence and community assemblages. Although the significance of mosses in Arctic wetlands is well recognized, the long‐term influence of medium‐sized herbivores on the composition of moss communities has received limited attention. We used data from a long‐term (25 years) Greater Snow Goose (Anser caerulescens atlanticus) exclusion experiment in Arctic tundra wetlands to assess changes in the composition of moss communities at multiple spatial scales (cell, 4 cm2; quadrat, 100 cm2; exclosure, 16 m2). We investigated how snow goose grazing and grubbing can alter the composition of the moss community by measuring changes in alpha and beta diversity, as well as in the strength of plant interspecific interactions between moss species. Our results indicate that goose foraging significantly increased species diversity (richness, evenness, and inverse Simpson index) of moss communities at the cell and quadrat scales but not the exclosure scale. Goose foraging reduced the dissimilarity (beta diversity) of moss communities at all three scales, mainly due to decreased species turnover. Furthermore, goose foraging increased positive interaction between moss species pairs. These findings emphasize the critical role of geese in promoting moss species coexistence and increasing homogeneity in Arctic wetlands. This study illustrates how top‐down regulation by herbivores can alter plant communities in Arctic wetlands and highlights the importance of considering herbivores when examining the response of Arctic plant biodiversity to future climate change.
Efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in heart failure: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Zhongyin , Zheng Yan , He Wenxiu , Wei Jiahe , Li Pengzhan , Zhong Guoqiang , Jiang Zhiyuan
Published: April 2024

The study aims to evaluate whether rhythm control by catheter ablation is superior to medical therapy for the patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). The literatures were searched by using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to 12 October 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing rhythm control using catheter ablation vs. medical therapy in AF patients with HF were pooled. The primary outcomes included all‐cause mortality, HF re‐hospitalization, and stroke, and the secondary outcomes included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), atrial tachyarrythmia recurrence, quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score, MLHFQ score), 6 min walking distance (6MWD), the level of N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT‐proBNP), and adverse events. Nine RCTs involving in 2293 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with medical therapy, catheter ablation reduced all‐cause mortality [10.07% (121/1201) vs. 15.26% (175/1147), risk ratio (RR):0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–0.74, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%] and the rate of HF re‐hospitalization (RR: 0.65, P = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.94, I2 = 74%), but had no obvious difference in incidence of stroke (RR: 0.67, P = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.38, I2 = 0%). Catheter ablation enhanced LVEF [mean difference (MD), 6.26%, P < 0.00001, I2 = 89%], reduced AT recurrence (RR: 0.37, P < 0.00001, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.52, I2 = 89%), improved the quality of life (MLHFQ score) (MD: −6.83, P = 0.003, I2 = 67%), elevated 6MWD (MD: 15.92, P = 0.006, I2 = 76%), and diminished the level NT‐proBNP (MD: −44.19, P < 0.00001, I2 = 75%), but had no significant difference in adverse events [25.81% (310/1201) vs. 30.25% (347/1147), RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65–1.01, P = 0.06, I2 = 55%]. Catheter ablation as rhythm control strategy substantially enhances the survival rate, reduces HF re‐hospitalization, increases the rate of sinus rhythm maintenance, improves the left ventricular function and the quality of life for AF patients with HF, and has similar safety, compared with medical therapy. The rhythm control by catheter ablation may be a better strategy for the AF patients with HF.
A reliable non‐volatile in‐memory computing associative memory based on spintronic neurons and synapses
Authors: Rezaei Mahan , Amirany Abdolah , Moaiyeri Mohammad Hossein , Jafari Kian
Published: April 2024

This article introduces an innovative non‐volatile associative memory (AM) that leverages spintronic synapses, employing magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) in conjunction with neurons constructed using carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs). Our proposed design represents a significant advancement in area optimization and outperforms prior designs. We adopt MTJ‐based spintronic devices due to their remarkable attributes, including dependable reconfigurability and nonvolatility. Simultaneously, CNTFETs effectively address the longstanding limitations traditionally associated with MOSFETs. In this work, our proposed design undergoes rigorous simulations that account for process variations. The results demonstrate that our AM system closely approximates its ideal mathematical model, even with significant process variations. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) on the performance of our proposed AM system. Our investigations reveal that, even with a TMR as low as 100%, our design matches and often surpasses the performance of its counterparts operating with a TMR of 300%. This achievement holds profound significance from a fabrication standpoint, as fabricating MTJs with high TMR values can be intricate and costly. Overall, our novel AM system represents a significant breakthrough in emerging technologies, harnessing the unique strengths of spintronic synapses and advanced carbon nanotube transistors while robustly addressing challenges in performance and variability.
Effects of axial compression ratio on seismic behavior of shallow‐buried rectangular stations: Hybrid simulation and quasi‐static test
Authors: Cai Xuesong , Yang Chengyu , Liu Zhiqian , Jiang Liming , Yuan Yong
Published: April 2024

In the absence of experimental investigations on column members of underground structures, full‐scale column specimens were tested to explore the seismic behavior of shallow‐buried subway stations at various depths. The axial compression ratios of internal column specimens were set as 0.16, 0.33, and 0.40. Both hybrid simulations and quasi‐static tests were performed on the station columns. The hybrid simulations illustrated the drift demands of internal columns, while the load‐carrying capacity and deformation capacity were obtained from the quasi‐static tests. Hybrid simulations at low, moderate, and high‐intensity levels were conducted to study the seismic responses of shallow‐buried rectangular stations. The hybrid simulations suggest that the most severe damage occurred in the station when the axial compression ratio of the tested column reached 0.40. Central columns suffered severe stiffness deterioration under high‐level earthquake excitation, especially in stations at greater depths. Meanwhile, the quasi‐static test results indicate that the ultimate load of the central columns increases with increasing axial compression, but this leads to a significant decrease in the ductility of columns. Besides, the sectional analysis results show that the central columns are prone to tension‐controlled failure, and the safety margin for flexural response deteriorates with an increasing axial compression ratio. The test results indicate that shallow‐buried rectangular stations are susceptible to flexure‐controlled structural failure when their central columns possess a relatively low axial compression ratio and a high shear span‐to‐depth ratio. The failure mechanism of station columns is revealed by both the hybrid simulations and quasi‐static tests, and the findings from the full‐scale tests are beneficial for the practical design of shallow‐buried rectangular stations.
Comparing Sensitivity of Different Bee Species to Pesticides: A TKTD modeling approach
Authors: Baas Jan , Goussen Benoit , Taenzler Verena , Roeben Vanessa , Miles Mark , Preuss Thomas G. , Berg Sanne , Roessink Ivo
Published: April 2024

Risk assessment for bees is mainly based on data for honey bees; however, risk assessment is intended to protect all bee species. This raises the question of whether data for honey bees are a good proxy for other bee species. This issue is not new and has resulted in several publications in which the sensitivity of bee species is compared based on the values of the 48-h median lethal dose (LD50) from acute test results. When this approach is used, observed differences in sensitivity may result both from differences in kinetics and from inherent differences in species sensitivity. In addition, the physiology of the bee, like its overall size, the size of the honey stomach (for acute oral tests), and the physical appearance (for acute contact tests) also influences the sensitivity of the bee. The recently introduced Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic (TKTD) model that was developed for the interpretation of honey bee tests (Bee General Uniform Threshold Model for Survival [BeeGUTS]) could integrate the results of acute oral tests, acute contact tests, and chronic tests within one consistent framework. We show that the BeeGUTS model can be calibrated and validated for other bee species and also that the honey bee is among the more sensitive bee species. In addition, we found that differences in sensitivity between species are smaller than previously published comparisons based on 48-h LD50 values. The time-dependency of the LD50 and the specifics of the bee physiology are the main causes of the wider variation found in the published literature. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1431–1441. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Experimental Ecotoxicology Procedures Interfere with Honey Bee Life History
Authors: Desclos le Peley Victor , Grateau Stéphane , Moreau-Vauzelle Carole , Raboteau Daniel , Chevallereau Colombe , Requier Fabrice , Aupinel Pierrick , Richard Freddie-Jeanne
Published: April 2024

Apis mellifera was used as a model species for ecotoxicological testing. In the present study, we tested the effects of acetone (0.1% in feed), a solvent commonly used to dissolve pesticides, on bees exposed at different developmental stages (larval and/or adult). Moreover, we explored the potential effect of in vitro larval rearing, a commonly used technique for accurately monitoring worker exposure at the larval stage, by combining acetone exposure and treatment conditions (in vitro larval rearing vs. in vivo larval rearing). We then analyzed the life-history traits of the experimental bees using radio frequency identification technology over three sessions (May, June, and August) to assess the potential seasonal dependence of the solvent effects. Our results highlight the substantial influence of in vitro larval rearing on the life cycle of bees, with a 47.7% decrease in life span, a decrease of 0.9 days in the age at first exit, an increase of 57.3% in the loss rate at first exit, and a decrease of 40.6% in foraging tenure. We did not observe any effect of exposure to acetone at the larval stage on the capacities of bees reared in vitro. Conversely, acetone exposure at the adult stage reduced the bee life span by 21.8% to 60%, decreased the age at first exit by 1.12 to 4.34 days, and reduced the foraging tenure by 30% to 37.7%. Interestingly, we found a significant effect of season on acetone exposure, suggesting that interference with the life-history traits of honey bees is dependent on season. These findings suggest improved integration of long-term monitoring for assessing sublethal responses in bees following exposure to chemicals during both the larval and adult stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1320–1331. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Forecasting Chinese crude oil futures volatility: New evidence based on dual feature processing of large‐scale variables
Authors: Qiao Gaoxiu , Pan Yijun , Liang Chao , Wang Lu , Wang Jinghui
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to study the volatility forecasting of Chinese crude oil futures from the large‐scale variables perspective by considering both the information on international futures markets volatility and technical indicators of Chinese crude oil futures. We employ the dual feature processing method (LASSO‐PCA) by integrating least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract important factors of the large‐scale exogenous variables. Besides the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation, the nonlinear support vector regression (SVR) approach is employed to integrate with the LASSO‐PCA method. The empirical results show that both the OLS and SVR combined with LASSO‐PCA can improve the forecasting accuracy, especially SVR‐LASSO‐PCA owns the best forecasting performance. The analysis of the selected variables finds international futures volatility is chosen more frequently. These results are further validated through a series of robust experiments. Finally, the time difference between China and the United States is also considered in order to obtain more reasonable out‐of‐sample forecasting.
A comparative analysis of the nutrient and phytochemical richness among different varieties of quinoa in China
Authors: Tang Yuan‐Mou , Liu Yi‐Zhi , Zhang Yan‐Hong , Cao Ya‐Nan , Song Pan‐Pan , Hou Li‐Ming , Peng Lian‐Xin
Published: April 2024

Quinoa is a nutrient‐dense pseudocereal that has garnered global attention for its potential to bolster food security and nutrition. Despite its celebrated status, the detailed nutritional profiles of various quinoa varieties remain poorly understood, which poses a significant barrier to the strategic cultivation and utilization of quinoa's genetic diversity to combat malnutrition. The impetus for this research lies in the urgent need to identify superior quinoa strains that can be tailored to meet specific nutritional requirements and adapt to diverse agro‐ecological zones. Our findings reveal substantial variation in nutrient content across different quinoa varieties, highlighting the variety ZLZX‐8 as a particularly nutrient‐rich strain with the highest levels of protein, fat, essential fatty acids, amino acids, and key minerals such as Mg, K, and Zn. Moreover, ZLZX‐8's exceptional antioxidant capacity suggests it may have additional health benefits beyond its macronutrient profile. In contrast, ZLZX‐7 stands out for its dietary fiber and phenolic content, which are critical for digestive health and disease prevention, respectively. Meanwhile, ZLZX‐5, with its high starch content, could be better suited for energy production in dietary applications. Notably, the study also uncovers a correlation between grain color and nutrient profile, with colored quinoa varieties exhibiting superior fiber, inositol, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity compared to their white counterparts. This work lays the groundwork for an informed selection of quinoa varieties that can enhance dietary quality, support local and global food systems, and contribute to the fight against malnutrition.
Real‐life study on the use of response adapted therapy in patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma: Results from a multicenter experience
Authors: Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero , Cencini Emanuele , Lorenzo Sonya De , Pezzullo Luca , Merli Michele , Rivellini Flavia , Muzi Cristina , Emiliano Barbieri , Marcheselli Luigi , Luminari Stefano
Published: April 2024

Few data are known regarding the use of interim positron emission tomography (iPET) after the first two cycles (iPET2) of chemotherapy in treatment‐naïve classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in routine clinical practice, and about the real‐life adoption of intensification strategies for iPET positive patients. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study on cHL to investigate the use of iPET in the real‐life setting, its prognostic role and outcomes of patients early shifted to intensification. Six hundreds and forty‐one patients were enrolled (62% had advanced stage). iPET2 was positive in 89 patients (14%) including 8.7% and 17% early and advanced stage patients, respectively (p = 0.003). Among iPET 2 positive cases treatment was immediately modified in 19 cases; in 14 cases treatment was modified after an additional positive iPET4. Overall 56 iPET2 positive patients never received intensified therapies. Most frequently used intensified therapy was autologous stem cell transplantation followed by BEACOPP. After a median follow‐up of 72 months, the 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 82% with iPET2 positive patients showing a worse PFS compared with iPET2 negative cases: 31% versus 85%. Focusing on advanced stage patients with a positive iPET2, the 5‐year PFS was 59% for patients shifted to intensified therapy at any time point versus 61% for patients who never received intensified therapy. Our study confirmed the higher curability of naïve cHL patients in a real‐world setting, and the prognostic role of iPET2 in this setting. A poor adherence to response‐adapted strategy which however did not translate into a difference in patient outcomes.