bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iHypoxia: An Integrative Database of Protein Expression Dynamics in Response to Hypoxia in Animals
Authors: Liu Ze-Xian , Wang Panqin , Zhang Qingfeng , Li Shihua , Zhang Yuxin , Guo Yutong , Jia Chongchong , Shao Tian , Li Lin , Cheng Han , Wang Zhenlong
Published: December 2022

Mammals have evolved mechanisms to sense hypoxia and induce hypoxic responses. Recently, high-throughput techniques have greatly promoted global studies of protein expression changes during hypoxia and the identification of candidate genes associated with hypoxia-adaptive evolution, which have contributed to the understanding of the complex regulatory networks of hypoxia. In this study, we developed an integrated resource for the expression dynamics of proteins in response to hypoxia (iHypoxia), and this database contains 2589 expression events of 1944 proteins identified by low-throughput experiments (LTEs) and 422,553 quantitative expression events of 33,559 proteins identified by high-throughput experiments from five mammals that exhibit a response to hypoxia. Various experimental details, such as the hypoxic experimental conditions, expression patterns, and sample types, were carefully collected and integrated. Furthermore, 8788 candidate genes from diverse species inhabiting low-oxygen environments were also integrated. In addition, we conducted an orthologous search and computationally identified 394,141 proteins that may respond to hypoxia among 48 animals. An enrichment analysis of human proteins identified from LTEs shows that these proteins are enriched in certain drug targets and cancer genes. Annotation of known posttranslational modification (PTM) sites in the proteins identified by LTEs reveals that these proteins undergo extensive PTMs, particularly phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation. iHypoxia provides a convenient and user-friendly method for users to obtain hypoxia-related information of interest. We anticipate that iHypoxia, which is freely accessible at https://ihypoxia.omicsbio.info, will advance the understanding of hypoxia and serve as a valuable data resource.
Beyond the Monastery Walls
Authors: Brown Warren C.
Published: December 2022

Our understanding of life in the early Middle Ages is dominated by Christian churches and monasteries. It is their records and libraries which have survived the centuries, to tell us how the clerics, monks, and nuns who lived and worked within their walls experienced the world around them. We thus see the lay inhabitants of that wider world mostly when they are interacting with the clergy. However, a few sources let us explore lay life in this period more broadly. Beyond the Monastery Walls exploits perhaps the richest of these: manuscript books containing formulas, or models, for documents that do not otherwise survive. Through these books, Warren C. Brown explores the concerns and behavior of lay men and women in this period on their own terms, and casts fresh light on a part of the medieval world that is usually hidden from view. In the process, he shows how early medievalists are winning fresh information from our sources by looking at them in new ways.
Antimicrobial prescription at the time of discharge from a tertiary-care hospital in India: A potential target for reducing use at the community level
Authors: Gupta Stuti , Gunjiyal Jacinta , Varma Sharin , Malhotra Rajesh , Shrivastav Sharad , Parveen Rasna , Mathur Purva
Published: December 2022

We evaluated the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions at discharge from a tertiary-care hospital in India. Of the 790 adult patients included, 84.4% received antibiotics. Microbiological specimens were taken from 67.3% of these patients, and pathogens were identified in 28.8% of cases. Overuse of antimicrobials at hospital discharge should be curtailed.
At the vanguard: Leaders’ perspectives on establishing healthcare system infection prevention programs
Authors: Stevens Michael P. , Wright Sharon B. , Kaye Keith S. , Zuckerman Jerry M. , Passaretti Catherine L. , Martinello Richard A. , Babcock Hilary M. , Edmond Michael B. , Snyder Graham M.
Published: December 2022

Hospitals are increasingly consolidating into health systems. Some systems have appointed healthcare epidemiologists to lead system-level infection prevention programs. Ideal program infrastructure and support resources have not been described. We informally surveyed 7 healthcare epidemiologists with recent experience building and leading system-level infection prevention programs. Key facilitators and barriers for program structure and implementation are described.
Resolution 42/21 (U.N.H.R. Council)
Authors: Aka Philip C.
Published: December 2022

On July 13, 2021, the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) adopted a resolution designed to facilitate the enjoyment of the human rights and other basic freedoms of Africans and people of African descent in every region of the world, specifically against excessive use of force by law enforcement officers. The Resolution deplored all forms of racial discrimination against Africans and people of African descent, condemned “the continuing racially discriminatory and violent practices” perpetrated against this group by many law enforcement officials, and urged states “to seize every opportunity” to implement an “anti-racism agenda” that prioritizes “racial equality and justice” for the group, including better use of independent national human rights institutions and preferential programs, among other far-reaching, substantive techniques. Although not yet constituted, the Resolution established an independent committee, comprising individuals with law enforcement and human rights expertise, charged with the responsibility for “advanc[ing] racial justice and equality [with]in the context of law enforcement in all parts of the world” through various means that include visits to countries where violations are taking place.
Right-wing extremism and lone-actor violence in Italy: the case of the 2018 Macerata shooting
Authors: Marone Francesco
Published: December 2022

On 3 February 2018, in the town of Macerata, an Italian citizen with far-right sympathies deliberately fired several shots from his car at nine African immigrants, injuring six. The article argues that this shooting can be considered an act of lone-actor terrorism, an anomaly in the Italian context. Based on the social science literature on this subject, the paper analyses the profile of the shooter and the dynamics of the attack. Moreover, adopting a relational perspective to radicalisation, it examines the attacker's interactions: on the one hand, he was in contact with different political organisations that could represent ‘echo chambers’ for the tacit validation or even the justification and amplification of radical beliefs, including on the relation between immigration and security; on the other hand, he was not subject to their discipline and social control. This peripheral social position helps explain this case of lone-actor terrorism, in a national context where far-right mobilisation and violence have historically assumed collective forms.
How can we operationalize the promotion and evaluation of nature-related ‘green’ health care within a One Health perspective?
Authors: Keune Hans
Published: December 2022

The healthcare sector has proven to be supportive in stimulating health through contact with nature (Robinson and Breed, 2019; Kondo et al., 2020). Despite the positive practice examples, we see several challenges. There is no clear consensus or common understanding on quality assurance and health impact assessment of green care: there still is a wide range of approaches within different health expert communities and contexts, either with or without some form of qualified support such as coaching. As there is no ‘one size’ prescription fit for all, green care needs to be tailored to individual characteristics and circumstances, both of which are dynamic, e.g., in an environmental sense due to climate change, or related to socio-cultural dynamics (Beute et al., 2020a,b; Superior Health Council Belgium 2021). Sustainable health-related nature contact is not always easy to achieve especially when there is no follow-up with either healthcare professionals or other supporting organizations through social prescription. Accessibility of natural areas is often quite unequally distributed, with the more vulnerable often benefitting least, especially in urbanized areas. Another challenge is to achieve a reciprocal health relationship with nature: a stronger connection with nature and caring for nature helps to sustain a positive healthy relationship (O’Brien et al., 2010; Kurt et al., 2018), which may also contribute to nature conservation in a One Health perspective. As such, the healthcare sector can act as ambassadors for ‘One Healthy’ natural environments.
Comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of lactic acid bacteria by molecular methods in different Greek cheeses
Authors: Tsirigoti Evanthia , Psomas Evdoxios , Ekateriniadou Loukia V. , Papadopoulos Athanasios I. , Boukouvala Evridiki
Published: December 2022

In the present research communication, we report on identification and quantification of four main lactic acid bacteria (LAB) genera (Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Leuconostoc), most common in Greek cheeses, by a novel culture-independent method. More specifically, new primers were designed to be used in both multiplex PCR for simultaneous identification and in real-time PCR for quantification of the LAB. The method was validated by applying it in parallel to culture-dependent method in a variety of cheeses from different Greek geographical locations, of different animal milk origins and of different production methods. While the standard plate culture method showed absence of Leuconostoc sp. in all cheeses, the culture-independent methods detected all four LAB genera studied. Furthermore, the relative presence of the four genera detected by the culture-independent method showed a pattern present in almost all cheese samples tested, indicating Lactococcus genus as the dominant one.
Identifying the Effects of Macroeconomic Attention Through Foreign Investor Distraction
Authors: Marmora Paul
Published: December 2022

While the causal impact of limited attention to macroeconomic news is difficult to detect, this article proposes one solution: exploiting when foreign investors are “distracted” by risk factors in their home markets. I demonstrate that financial activity in the average foreign investor’s home market decreases foreign attention paid to 21 emerging economies, measured using Google search volume for economy-specific financial terms that emanate from outside each economy’s border. Exploiting this effect using an instrumental variables approach, I find that an exogenous increase in foreign attention preceding a scheduled monetary policy rate announcement raises preannouncement stock returns and announcement day turnover.
Larger insects in a colder environment? Elevational and seasonal intraspecific differences in tropical moth sizes on Mount Cameroon
Authors: Papandreou Fotoula , Hodeček Jiří , Maicher Vincent , Delabye Sylvain , Pyrcz Tomasz , Tropek Robert
Published: December 2022

Bergmann’s Rule describes an increase in the body size of endothermic animals with decreasing environmental temperatures. However, in ectothermic insects including moths, some of the few existing studies investigating size patterns along temperature gradients do not follow the Bergmann’s Cline. Intraspecific differences in moth sizes along spatiotemporal temperature gradients are unknown from the Palaeotropics, hindering general conclusions and understanding of the mechanism responsible. We measured intraspecific forewing size differences in 28 Afrotropical moth species sampled in 3 seasons along an elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon, West/Central Africa. Size increased significantly with elevation in 14 species but decreased significantly in 5 species. Additionally, we found significant inter-seasonal size differences in 21 species. Most of these variable species had longer forewings in the transition from the wet to dry season, which had caterpillars developing during the coldest part of the year. We conclude that environmental temperature affects the size of many Afrotropical moths, predominantly following prevailingly following Bergmann’s Cline. Nevertheless, the sizes of one-third of the species demonstrated a significant interaction between elevation and season. The responsible mechanisms can thus be assumed to be more complex than a simple response to ambient temperature.
Individual differences modulate sensitivity to implicit causality bias in both native and nonnative processing
Authors: Wang Tingting , Gabriele Alison
Published: December 2022

The question of whether L2 learners can use discourse cues online during pronoun resolution remains debated in the field. We examine one factor that has been argued to impact pronoun resolution in native speakers, implicit causality (IC) bias, a property related to certain verbs in which one of verb’s arguments are considered to be the cause of an action. We investigate whether individual differences modulate sensitivity to IC bias in both native English speakers and Chinese-speaking learners of English, examining whether variability is similarly explained in the two populations. Results from a sentence completion task and a self-paced reading (SPR) task show similar sensitivity to IC bias in both groups; reading times on the SPR task were also modulated by working memory and vocabulary knowledge. The findings suggest that L2 learners are successful in using discourse-level cues during processing and that variability is qualitatively similar in both learners and natives.
The Forger’s tale: an insider’s account of corrupting the corpus of Cycladic figures
Authors: Tsirogiannis Christos , Gill David W.J. , Chippindale Christopher
Published: December 2022

Many of the known Cycladic figures – the late prehistoric human-shaped sculptures from the Aegean archipelago – came from twentieth-century illicit excavations, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. It is also known that figures were being faked at the time and perhaps also earlier: a few fakes have been identified, whilst other figures are under suspicion. Interviews with a man who faked Cycladic figures in the 1980s and 1990s give us a first insider’s autobiographical account of the forging business. This article offers, step-by-step, the method that two forgers developed to create fake figures, to treat them so that they appeared ancient, and to sell them on. The forger has identified a few of these forgeries from photographs of figures; his story is consistent with other information and seems to ring true. By verifying various elements in the forger’s testimony – from names of well-known figures in the modern antiquities market to small details and dates – we have been able to evaluate the validity of the narrative; to use it in order to uncover the true paths that fake objects followed into various collections; and to highlight valuable provenance information that no one involved in trading these objects was ever willing to provide.
A bipartite version of the Erdős–McKay conjecture
Authors: Long Eoin , Ploscaru Laurenţiu
Published: December 2022

An old conjecture of Erdős and McKay states that if all homogeneous sets in an

$n$

-vertex graph are of order

$O(\!\log n)$

then the graph contains induced subgraphs of each size from

$\{0,1,\ldots, \Omega \big(n^2\big)\}$

. We prove a bipartite analogue of the conjecture: if all balanced homogeneous sets in an

$n \times n$

bipartite graph are of order

$O(\!\log n)$

, then the graph contains induced subgraphs of each size from

$\{0,1,\ldots, \Omega \big(n^2\big)\}$

.
Facilitators and barriers of physical activity participation in children with a single ventricle physiology: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Leo Donato Giuseppe , Lane Deirdre A. , Riley Marlene , Lotto Attilio A. , Lotto Robyn R.
Published: December 2022

Background:

The present study focuses on assessing the physical activity level of children with Fontan circulation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and identifying potential barriers and facilitators toward their participation in physical activity.

Patients and methods:

Seven children aged 5–16 years (mean (SD) 8.8 (3.7) years) with a Fontan procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, their parents (n = 7), and siblings (n = 1) were recruited. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach: (i) children wore an activity monitor for 7 days to record physical activity, with sedentary time and level of activity calculated from accelerometer data; (ii) children completed a bespoke questionnaire recording limitations in physical activity; (iii) parents completed a semi-structured interview discussing perceptions about their child’s physical activity participation. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Activity monitors data recorded highly active children with a mean (SD) of 153(36) minutes/day spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Time spent in sedentary behaviour was also high (57.5% of total accelerometer wearing-time). Four key themes relating to parental perceptions of physical activity were identified: (i) A new lease of life –post-Fontan; (ii) Setting limits – managing limitations; (iii) The wider world – how others set limits; and (iv) “I fear the future” – parental concerns.

Conclusion:

Following completion of the Fontan circulation, children engaged in higher levels of physical activity in comparison to the national average. However, more than half their time was spent in sedentary behaviour. Fears and anxiety from parents and teachers may act as a barrier toward physical activity participation.
Feasibility of low-intensity psychological interventions for emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people with genetic conditions: a case series
Authors: Ching Brian C.F. , Bennett Sophie D. , Rojas Natalia , Heyman Isobel , Liang Holan , Catanzano Matteo , Coughtrey Anna E. , Ashraf Tazeen , Jones Wendy D. , Male Alison , Shafran Roz
Published: December 2022

Children with genetic conditions may experience significant mental health difficulties such as anxiety and challenging behaviour. However, understanding of the feasibility and effectiveness of psychological interventions for emotional and behavioural problems in the context of genetic conditions is limited. Low-intensity psychological interventions have demonstrated promise in paediatric populations and may be able to address their mental health difficulties. A case series design was used to assess the feasibility of low-intensity interventions for emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people with genetic conditions recruited from a mental health drop-in centre at a tertiary hospital. Participants received seven weekly sessions with a trained practitioner. The intervention was based on existing modular treatments and evidence-based self-help materials. Feasibility and treatment satisfaction were assessed, as well as measures of symptoms of anxiety and challenging behaviour, treatment goals and quality of life, at baseline, during treatment and 6-month follow-up. Five participants received treatment for challenging behaviour, one for anxiety, and one for obsessive compulsive disorder. All participants completed treatment. Clinically significant change in the SDQ Total score was found in three participants. All participants demonstrated progress in goals and symptoms of emotional and behavioural difficulties over the course of treatment. Low-intensity psychological interventions for emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and young people with genetic conditions is feasible, acceptable and potentially beneficial. Further research is warranted to examine the effectiveness of the intervention and its use in clinical paediatric settings.

Key learning aims

(1)

To gain a basic understanding of low-intensity psychological intervention in children and young people with genetic conditions.

(2)

To enhance understanding of the practicalities and acceptability of delivering low-intensity psychological intervention to children and young people with genetic conditions and co-morbid emotional and behavioural difficulties.

(3)

To learn about the potential clinical benefits of delivering low-intensity psychological intervention to children and young people with genetic conditions in the context of stepped care.
The association between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use in adulthood in a large multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study
Authors: de Waal M. M. , Lok A. , van Zuiden M. , Galenkamp H. , Goudriaan A. E.
Published: December 2022

Aims

There is evidence that child maltreatment is associated with problematic alcohol use later in life. However, previous epidemiological studies that have examined the link between child maltreatment and adult problematic alcohol use have not considered ethnic differences. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between child maltreatment and adult problematic alcohol use among six ethnic groups in the Netherlands, in a large, urban sample.

Methods

This study used baseline data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study: a large-scale, multi-ethnic prospective cohort study conducted in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Child maltreatment, current problematic alcohol use and several potential confounders (e.g. parental alcohol use) were assessed in participants (N = 23 356) of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin. With logistic regression analyses, we examined effect modification by ethnicity on the association between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use. Furthermore, we explored effect modification by ethnicity for specific types of child maltreatment, namely: physical, sexual and psychological abuse and emotional neglect.

Results

Effect modification by ethnicity was present. Stronger associations between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use were found in all ethnic minority groups compared to the Dutch reference group. Particularly strong associations between all four types of child maltreatment and alcohol use problems were found for the Moroccan origin group.

Conclusions

This study adds to a growing body of evidence that child maltreatment is associated with problematic alcohol use in adulthood. In addition, our findings indicate that ethnicity impacts this relationship. Although problematic alcohol use was more prevalent in the Dutch origin group, associations with child maltreatment were stronger in ethnic minority groups. Future studies on child maltreatment and alcohol use problems should also examine ethnic disparities and should further unravel how these disparities can be explained.
Onset of Convection in Rotating Spherical Shells: Variations With Radius Ratio
Authors: Barik A. , Triana S. A. , Calkins M. , Stanley S. , Aurnou J.
Published: December 2022

Convection in rotating spherical layers of fluid is ubiquitous in spherical astrophysical objects like planets and stars. A complete understanding of the magnetohydrodynamics requires understanding of the linear problem—when convection onsets in these systems. This is a fluid dynamics problem that has been studied since the early 1900s. Theoretical scaling laws exist for the variation of critical quantities—the Rayleigh number Rac, the azimuthal wavenumber mc, and the angular drift frequency ωc—with respect to the Ekman number E. However, their variation with the radius ratio χ of the spherical shell is still poorly studied. To address this, we use an open source eigenvalue code Kore to compute these critical quantities over an extensive range of parameters spanning four decades in Ekman number and a dense grid of radius ratio from very thick to very thin shells, focusing on no‐slip and fixed temperature boundary conditions. We find that these variations are explained well by the theoretical scaling laws, especially at low E, but variations in radius ratio also exist. We obtain scaling laws of boundary layer thicknesses and spatial extent of onset modes with respect to the Ekman number which differ only slightly from theoretical scalings. We show that our data set can be used to obtain good estimates of critical quantities in the moderate E range, where the vast majority of current geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics simulations are performed, yet where asymptotic theory is only moderately accurate. We further verify asymptotic predictions and determine best‐fit asymptotic model coefficients.
A New Instrument for Balloon‐Borne In Situ Aerosol Size Distribution Measurements, the Continuation of a 50 Year Record of Stratospheric Aerosols Measurements
Authors: Kalnajs Lars E. , Deshler Terry
Published: December 2022

Profiles of stratospheric aerosol size distributions have been measured using balloon‐borne in situ optical particle counters, from Laramie, Wyoming (41°N) since 1971. In 2019, this measurement record transitioned to the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) in Boulder, Colorado (40°N). The new LASP Optical Particle Counter (LOPC), the fourth generation of instruments used for this record, is smaller and lighter (2 kg) than prior instruments, measures aerosols with diameters ≥0.3–30 μm in up to 450 size bins, with a flow rate of 20 L min−1. The improved size resolution enables the complete measurement of size distributions, and calculation of aerosol extinction without fitting a priori distribution shapes. The higher flow provides the sensitivity required to measure super‐micron particles in the stratosphere. The LOPC has been validated against prior Wyoming OPCs, through joint flights, laboratory comparisons, and statistical comparisons with the Wyoming record. The agreement between instruments is generally within the measurement uncertainty of ±10%–20% in sizing and ±10% in concentration, and within ±40% for calculated aerosol moments. The record is being continued with balloon soundings every 2 months from Colorado, coordinated with measurements of aerosol extinction from the SAGE III instrument on the International Space Station. Comparisons of aerosol extinction from the remote and in situ platforms have shown good agreement in the stratosphere, particularly for wavelengths <755 nm and altitudes <25 km. For extinction wavelengths ≥1,021 nm and altitudes above 25 km SAGE III/International Space Station extinction has a low bias relative to the in situ measurements, yet still within the ±40% uncertainty.
Lifting and Transport of Martian Dust by the Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Downwash as Observed by High‐Speed Imaging From the Perseverance Rover
Authors: Lemmon M. T. , Lorenz R. D. , Rabinovitch J. , Newman C. E. , Williams N. R. , Sullivan R. , Golombek M. P. , Bell J. F. , Maki J. N. , Vicente‐Retortillo A.
Published: December 2022

Martian atmospheric dust is a major driver of weather, with feedback between atmospheric dust distribution, circulation changes from radiative heating and cooling driven by this dust, and winds that mobilize surface dust and distribute it in the atmosphere. Wind‐driven mobilization of surface dust is a poorly understood process due to significant uncertainty about minimum wind stress and whether the saltation of sand particles is required. This study utilizes video of six Ingenuity helicopter flights to measure dust lifting during helicopter ascents, traverses, and descents. Dust mobilization persisted on takeoff until the helicopter exceeded 3 m altitude, with dust advecting at 4–6 m/s. During landing, dust mobilization initiated at 2.3–3.6 m altitude. Extensive dust mobilization occurred during traverses at 5.1–5.7 m altitude. Dust mobilization threshold friction velocity of rotor‐induced winds during landing is modeled at 0.4–0.6 m/s (factor of two uncertainty in this estimate), with higher winds required when the helicopter was over undisturbed terrain. Modeling dust mobilization from >5 m cruising altitude indicates mobilization by 0.3 m/s winds, suggesting nonsaltation mechanisms such as mobilization and destruction of dust aggregates. No dependence on background winds was seen for the initiation of dust lifting but one case of takeoff in 7 m/s winds created a track of darkened terrain downwind of the helicopter, which may have been a saltation cluster. When the helicopter was cruising at 5–6 m altitude, recirculation was seen in the dust clouds.
Hydrology of a Semiarid Loess‐Paleosol Sequence, and Implications for Buried Soil Connection to the Modern Climate, Plant‐Available Moisture, and Loess Tableland Persistence
Authors: McDowell T. M. , Mason J. A. , Vo T. , Marin‐Spiotta E.
Published: December 2022

Soil hydrology provides important background for understanding the fate of organic carbon (OC) buried by geomorphic processes as well as the influence of runoff, infiltration, and plant root uptake on long‐term erosion and landscape evolution. We modeled the hydrology of a 4.5‐m loess‐paleosol sequence on an eroding tableland in the U.S. central Great Plains using Hydrus 1D, a numerical unsaturated flow model, parameterized with high resolution measurements of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves, which were distinct for the loess and paleosols. We hypothesized that (a) the connection of paleosols to modern climate depends on their burial depth, (b) paleosols in the root zone would have broader pore‐size distributions than unweathered loess, and (c) this broader pore‐size distribution increased root water uptake and made vegetation more resilient to drought, increasing the stability of loess tablelands despite high erodibility and high local relief. Four years with varying total annual precipitation were simulated for the observed profile and two hypothetical profiles, one without paleosols and another with a shallow, strongly developed paleosol. In these simulations, soil moisture in shallow paleosols responds quickly to precipitation while a deeply buried paleosol is largely disconnected from the modern climate, contributing to buried OC preservation. Contrary to our expectation, the presence of paleosols did not increase root uptake relative to unweathered loess in either wet or dry years. The unweathered coarse loess we studied may have an optimal pore‐size distribution for root uptake, providing an alternative hypothesis for why highly erodible loess tablelands persist.
Credit Where Credit Is Due: Data and Software in the Space Weather Community
Authors: Morley S. K. , Liu H. , Carter B. A. , Gannon J. L. , Lugaz N.
Published: December 2022

This editorial aims to improve awareness of the current best practices in open research, and stimulate discussion on the practical implementation of AGU's data and software policy in key areas of space weather research. We also further aim to encourage authors to take additional steps to ensure clear credit to all contributors to the work, whether that is underlying data, key software, or direct contributions to the manuscript.
The association of maternal fat-soluble antioxidants in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lyu Yanyu , Wang Guiyun , Sun Zhenfeng , Cui Xiaodai , Xiu Qingyong , Wu Lijun
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Oxidative stress is linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal antioxidant vitamins in early pregnancy may play a role in GDM occurrence. We aimed to investigate the associations of vitamins A and E in early pregnancy with the risk of GDM and to explore whether these antioxidant vitamins can be biomarkers for the early prediction of GDM.

Methods

We carried out a prospective cohort study conducted in Beijing and enrolled pregnant women (n = 667) with vitamins A and E measurements at 9 weeks (IQR 8–10) of gestation and having one-step GDM screened with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation.

Results

The vitamin A levels in early pregnancy were significantly higher in women with GDM than in those without GDM (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose. In multivariate models, vitamin A levels were significantly associated with GDM (OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14–1.88; p = 0.0032) per SD. A significant trend of risk effect on GDM risk across quartiles of vitamin A was observed (ptrend = 0.016). No significant association of serum vitamin E with GDM was observed overall. However, a noted trend of protective effect on GDM risk across quartiles of vitamin E/cholesterol ratio was observed (ptrend = 0.043). In ROC analysis, the multivariate model consisting of vitamin A and other risk factors showed the best predictive performance (AUC: 0.760; 95% CI: 0.705–0.815; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Higher levels of vitamin A in early pregnancy were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. Vitamin A has the potential to be a biomarker indicating pathogenesis of GDM.
Glioblastoma glycolytic signature predicts unfavorable prognosis, immunological heterogeneity, and ENO1 promotes microglia M2 polarization and cancer cell malignancy
Authors: Liang Xisong , Wang Zeyu , Dai Ziyu , Zhang Hao , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng , Liu Zaoqu , Liu Zhixiong , Yang Kui , Cheng Quan , Zhang Mingyu
Published: December 2022

Glioblastomas are the most malignant brain tumors, whose progress was promoted by aberrate aerobic glycolysis. The immune environment was highly engaged in glioblastoma formation, while its interaction with aerobic glycolysis remained unclear. Herein, we build a 7-gene Glycolytic Score (GS) by Elastic Net in the training set and two independent validating sets. The GS predicted malignant features and poor survival with good performances. Immune functional analyses and Cibersort calculation identified depressed T cells, B cells, natural killer cells immunity, and high immunosuppressive cell infiltration in the high-GS group. Also, high expressions of the immune-escape genes were discovered. Subsequently, the single-cell analyses validated the glycolysis-related immunosuppression. The functional results manifested the high-GS neoplastic cells’ association with T cells, NK cells, and macrophage function regulation. The intercellular cross-talk showed strong associations between high-GS neoplastic cells and M2 macrophages/microglia in several immunological pathways. We finally confirmed that ENO1, the key gene of the GS, promoted M2 microglia polarization and glioblastoma cell malignant behaviors via immunofluorescence, clone formation, CCK8, and transwell rescue experiments. These results indicated the interactions between cancerous glycolysis and immunosuppression and glycolysis’ role in promoting glioblastoma progression. Conclusively, we built a robust model and discovered strong interaction between GS and immune, shedding light on prognosis management improvement and therapeutic strategies development for glioblastoma patients.
COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan
Authors: Liang Hong , Nian Xuanxuan , Wu Junzheng , Liu Dong , Feng Lu , Lu Jia , Peng Yan , Zhou Zhijun , Deng Tao , Liu Jing , Ji Deming , Qiu Ran , Lin Lianzhen , Zeng Yan , Xia Fei , Hu Yong , Li Taojing , Duan Kai , Li Xinguo , Wang Zejun , Zhang Yong , Zhang Hang , Zhu Chen , Wang Shang , Wu Xiao , Wang Xiang , Li Yuwei , Huang Shihe , Mao Min , Guo Huanhuan , Yang Yunkai , Jia Rui , Xufang Jingwei , Wang Xuewei , Liang Shuyan , Qiu Zhixin , Zhang Juan , Ding Yaling , Li Chunyan , Zhang Jin , Fu Daoxing , He Yanlin , Zhou Dongbo , Li Cesheng , Zhang Jiayou , Yu Ding , Yang Xiao-Ming
Published: December 2022

The immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed. Nevertheless, the antibody response decreased over time, and the Omicron variant exhibited more pronounced resistance to neutralization than the prototype and Delta strains. Moreover, the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response was also increased in recovered patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Overall, the repeated antigen exposure provided by inactivated COVID-19 vaccination greatly boosted both the potency and breadth of the humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, effectively protecting recovered individuals from reinfection by circulating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Mapping the protein binding site of the (pro)renin receptor using in silico 3D structural analysis
Authors: Ebihara Akio , Sugihara Daiki , Matsuyama Makoto , Suzuki-Nakagawa Chiharu , Nabi A. H. M. Nurun , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Nishiyama Akira , Suzuki Fumiaki
Published: December 2022

We have previously reported that monoclonal antibodies against the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] can reduce the Wnt/β-catenin-dependent development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common pancreatic cancer. Antibodies against two (P)RR regions (residues 47–60 and 200–213) located in the extracellular domain (ECD) reduced the proliferation of human PDAC cells in vitro. Although these regions probably participate in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, their functional significance remains unclear. Moreover, the (P)RR ECD is predicted to possess an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), which allows multiple protein interactions because of its conformational flexibility. In this study, we investigated the significance of the two regions and the IDR by in silico 3D structural analysis using the AlphaFold2 program and evolutionary sequence conservation profile. The model showed that ECD adopted a folded domain (residues 17–269) and had an IDR (residues 270–296). The two regions mapped onto the structural model formed a continuous surface patch comprising evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic residues. The homodimeric structure predicted by AlphaFold2 showed that full-length (P)RR comprising the ECD, single-span transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains formed a twofold symmetric dimer via the ECD, which explains the experimentally proven homodimerization. The dimer model possessed two hand-shaped grooves with residues 47–60 and 200–213 in their palms and the IDR as their fingers. Based on these findings, we propose that the IDR-containing hydrophobic grooves act as a binding site for (P)RR and perform multiple functions, including Wnt signaling activation.
Selective posttranslational inhibition of CaVβ1-associated voltage-dependent calcium channels with a functionalized nanobody
Authors: Morgenstern Travis J. , Nirwan Neha , Hernández-Ochoa Erick O. , Bibollet Hugo , Choudhury Papiya , Laloudakis Yianni D. , Ben Johny Manu , Bannister Roger A. , Schneider Martin F. , Minor Daniel L. , Colecraft Henry M.
Published: December 2022

Ca2+ influx through high-voltage-activated calcium channels (HVACCs) controls diverse cellular functions. A critical feature enabling a singular signal, Ca2+ influx, to mediate disparate functions is diversity of HVACC pore-forming α1 and auxiliary CaVβ1–CaVβ4 subunits. Selective CaVα1 blockers have enabled deciphering their unique physiological roles. By contrast, the capacity to post-translationally inhibit HVACCs based on CaVβ isoform is non-existent. Conventional gene knockout/shRNA approaches do not adequately address this deficit owing to subunit reshuffling and partially overlapping functions of CaVβ isoforms. Here, we identify a nanobody (nb.E8) that selectively binds CaVβ1 SH3 domain and inhibits CaVβ1-associated HVACCs by reducing channel surface density, decreasing open probability, and speeding inactivation. Functionalizing nb.E8 with Nedd4L HECT domain yielded Chisel-1 which eliminated current through CaVβ1-reconstituted CaV1/CaV2 and native CaV1.1 channels in skeletal muscle, strongly suppressed depolarization-evoked Ca2+ influx and excitation-transcription coupling in hippocampal neurons, but was inert against CaVβ2-associated CaV1.2 in cardiomyocytes. The results introduce an original method for probing distinctive functions of ion channel auxiliary subunit isoforms, reveal additional dimensions of CaVβ1 signaling in neurons, and describe a genetically-encoded HVACC inhibitor with unique properties.
The transcription factor DDIT3 is a potential driver of dyserythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Berastegui Nerea , Ainciburu Marina , Romero Juan P. , Garcia-Olloqui Paula , Alfonso-Pierola Ana , Philippe Céline , Vilas-Zornoza Amaia , San Martin-Uriz Patxi , Ruiz-Hernández Raquel , Abarrategi Ander , Ordoñez Raquel , Alignani Diego , Sarvide Sarai , Castro-Labrador Laura , Lamo-Espinosa José M. , San-Julian Mikel , Jimenez Tamara , López-Cadenas Félix , Muntion Sandra , Sanchez-Guijo Fermin , Molero Antonieta , Montoro Maria Julia , Tazón Bárbara , Serrano Guillermo , Diaz-Mazkiaran Aintzane , Hernaez Mikel , Huerga Sofía , Bewicke-Copley Findlay , Rio-Machin Ana , Maurano Matthew T. , Díez-Campelo María , Valcarcel David , Rouault-Pierre Kevin , Lara-Astiaso David , Ezponda Teresa , Prosper Felipe
Published: December 2022

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, with increased incidence in older individuals. Here we analyze the transcriptome of human HSCs purified from young and older healthy adults, as well as MDS patients, identifying transcriptional alterations following different patterns of expression. While aging-associated lesions seem to predispose HSCs to myeloid transformation, disease-specific alterations may trigger MDS development. Among MDS-specific lesions, we detect the upregulation of the transcription factor DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3). Overexpression of DDIT3 in human healthy HSCs induces an MDS-like transcriptional state, and dyserythropoiesis, an effect associated with a failure in the activation of transcriptional programs required for normal erythroid differentiation. Moreover, DDIT3 knockdown in CD34+ cells from MDS patients with anemia is able to restore erythropoiesis. These results identify DDIT3 as a driver of dyserythropoiesis, and a potential therapeutic target to restore the inefficient erythroid differentiation characterizing MDS patients.
Optical-resolution functional gastrointestinal photoacoustic endoscopy based on optical heterodyne detection of ultrasound
Authors: Liang Yizhi , Fu Wubing , Li Qiang , Chen Xiaolong , Sun Huojiao , Wang Lidai , Jin Long , Huang Wei , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: December 2022

Photoacoustic endoscopy shows promise in the detection of gastrointestinal cancer, inflammation, and other lesions. High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the hemodynamic response necessitates a small-sized, high-sensitivity ultrasound sensor. Here, we utilize a laser ultrasound sensor to develop a miniaturized, optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscope. The sensor can boost the acoustic response by a gain factor of ωo/Ω (the frequency ratio of the signal light and measured ultrasound) by measuring the acoustically induced optical phase change. As a result, we achieve a noise-equivalent pressure density (NEPD) below 1.5 mPa·Hz−1/2 over the measured range of 5 to 25 MHz. The heterodyne phase detection using dual-frequency laser beams of the sensor can offer resistance to thermal drift and vibrational perturbations. The endoscope is used to in vivo image a rat rectum and visualize the oxygen saturation changes during acute inflammation, which can hardly be observed with other imaging modalities.
A changing thermal regime revealed from shallow to deep basalt source melting in the Moon
Authors: Srivastava Yash , Basu Sarbadhikari Amit , Day James M. D. , Yamaguchi Akira , Takenouchi Atsushi
Published: December 2022

Sample return missions have provided the basis for understanding the thermochemical evolution of the Moon. Mare basalt sources are likely to have originated from partial melting of lunar magma ocean cumulates after solidification from an initially molten state. Some of the Apollo mare basalts show evidence for the presence in their source of a late-stage radiogenic heat-producing incompatible element-rich layer, known for its enrichment in potassium, rare-earth elements, and phosphorus (KREEP). Here we show the most depleted lunar meteorite, Asuka-881757, and associated mare basalts, represent ancient (~3.9 Ga) partial melts of KREEP-free Fe-rich mantle. Petrological modeling demonstrates that these basalts were generated at lower temperatures and shallower depths than typical Apollo mare basalts. Calculated mantle potential temperatures of these rocks suggest a relatively cooler mantle source and lower surface heat flow than those associated with later-erupted mare basalts, suggesting a fundamental shift in melting regime in the Moon from ~3.9 to ~3.3 Ga.
Noradrenergic signaling mediates cortical early tagging and storage of remote memory
Authors: Fan Xiaocen , Song Jiachen , Ma Chaonan , Lv Yanbo , Wang Feifei , Ma Lan , Liu Xing
Published: December 2022

The neocortical prefrontal memory engram generated during initial learning is critical for remote episodic memory storage, however, the nature of early cortical tagging remains unknown. Here we found that in mice, increased norepinephrine (NE) release from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during contextual fear conditioning (CFC) was critical for engram tagging and remote memory storage, which was regulated by the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey. β-Blocker infusion, or knockout of β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) in the mPFC, impaired the storage of remote CFC memory, which could not be rescued by activation of LC-mPFC NE projection. Remote memory retrieval induced the activation of mPFC engram cells that were tagged during CFC. Inhibition of LC-mPFC NE projection or β1-AR knockout impaired mPFC engram tagging. Juvenile mice had fewer LC NE neurons than adults and showed deficiency in mPFC engram tagging and remote memory of CFC. Activation of β1-AR signaling promoted mPFC early tagging and remote memory storage in juvenile mice. Our data demonstrate that activation of LC NEergic signaling during CFC memory encoding mediates engram early tagging in the mPFC and systems consolidation of remote memory.
Closed-loop chemical recycling of cross-linked polymeric materials based on reversible amidation chemistry
Authors: Qin Bo , Liu Siyuan , Huang Zehuan , Zeng Lingda , Xu Jiang-Fei , Zhang Xi
Published: December 2022

Closed-loop chemical recycling provides a solution to the end-of-use problem of synthetic polymers. However, it remains a major challenge to design dynamic bonds, capable of effective bonding and reversible cleaving, for preparing chemically recyclable cross-linked polymers. Herein, we report a dynamic maleic acid tertiary amide bond based upon reversible amidation reaction between maleic anhydrides and secondary amines. This dynamic bond allows for the construction of polymer networks with tailorable and robust mechanical properties, covering strong elastomers with a tensile strength of 22.3 MPa and rigid plastics with a yield strength of 38.3 MPa. Impressively, these robust polymeric materials can be completely depolymerized in an acidic aqueous solution at ambient temperature, leading to efficient monomer recovery with >94% separation yields. Meanwhile, the recovered monomers can be used to remanufacture cross-linked polymeric materials without losing their original mechanical performance. This work unveils a general approach to design polymer networks with tunable mechanical performance and closed-loop recyclability, which will open a new avenue for sustainable polymeric materials.