bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Work and Educational Environment as Predictors of Burnout Among Residents During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Atılgan Bürge , Yıldız Mevhibe İrem , Yavuz Cavit Işık
Published: March 2023

Objective: Burnout negatively affects personal well-being by reducing job-related satisfaction besides deeply affecting physician lives outside the working environment. This study aimed to determine residents’ burnout levels and related psychosocial risk factors regarding the work and educational environment during the COVID-19 pandemic at a university hospital.
Material and Method: Data were collected using an online questionnaire consisting of questions screening the participants’ sociodemographic, clinical and, educational characteristics and the following scales; Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES).
Results: Of the 632 residents receiving postgraduate education in clinical fields at the university, 99 (15.7%) participated in study, 77 (77.8%) of which reported that they were from medical branches and 12 (12.1%) from surgical branches.The emotional exhaustion (EE) dimension of burnout emerged as the most strongly related dimension with perceptions of the educational environment (PHEEM) (p<0,001, r=-0,548). The depersonalization (DP) dimension was only moderately associated with the perception of low role autonomy (p=0,006, r=-0,273). The low personal achievement (LPA) dimension of burnout, on the other hand, showed a moderate-high correlation with all the components related to the educational environment and showed the most substantial relationship with the perception of low social support (p<0,001, r=-0,372). Decrease in the organizational commitment with the departments and institutions where residents received training and worked was associated with higher levels of burnout and low self-esteem. 30.7% of the participants perceive their health as moderate/poor, and scored higher in all dimensions of burnout (EE p<0,001, DP p=0,001, LPA p=0,001).
Conclusion: In this study, we found that residents’ perceptions about the educational environment are the variables most closely related to their burnout levels. With precautions, residents may be protected from burnout-related physical and mental diseases while academic efficiency increases and the healthcare service become more qualified.
Directors’ Duties and Climate Change in Africa: Evidence from Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Muriungi Muriuki
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the extent to which, if at all, corporation law in select African jurisdictions obligates company directors to take into account climate-related risks and commit to mitigation and adaptation actions. The paper analyses provisions of the law relating to corporations law (Company Law) in select Commonwealth common law jurisdictions namely Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa within the new and varied context of emergent knowledge and climate attribution science, with a view to distilling any legal duties and potential liability of company directors. Applying the shareholder value approach of corporate governance, the paper argues that while corporate law has for the most part been concerned with governance of a company as a vehicle for profit making, largely informed by the shareholder primacy theory, this narrow construction of the company and directors’ duties is no longer tenable in light of actual and potential climate-related risks posed to companies and society alike.
The Narrative Change in Muslim Historiography within the Context of the Expedition to al-Kharrār
Authors: TOPAL Ahmet
Published: March 2023

The first written classical sources of Islamic history which scholars of various fields within the Arabic and Islamic studies, including but not limited to Arabic literature, Islamic law, and Ḥadīth studies, rely on for inquiry into historical events as well as (auto)biographies of historical figures is generally accepted to date back to the third century of the Hijra. Although the crux of the matter as to historical events described in the texts of these Arabic historical writings is transmitted from one to the other often unchanged, the narrative structure of these events shows variations across texts. The present work analyzes the expedition to al-Kharrār led by Saʿd b. Abū Waqqāṣ in classical sources in an effort to make sense of the changes and overlaps that occur in the descriptions of the same event found in these texts. It provides a comparative analysis of the expedition as it is described in al-Wāqidī’s al-Maghāzī, Ibn Saʿd’s al-Ṭabaqāt, and Ibn Hishām’s al-Sīra. This paper argues that the changes in the narrative structure of the expedition seen in these three sources should be attributed to especially Ibn Saʿd’s efforts to provide a more cohesive narrative of the event rather than a disingenuous effort to twist history. It also provides valuable insights into the nature of these texts and how to read and what to look for in them using the expedition to al-Kharrār as a case study.
Salmonelosis en cortes de carne vacuna en Brasil
Authors: Romão Lília Josefa Vidal , Silva Maria Vanessa da , Chaves Cintia , Medeiros Elizabeth Sampaio de , Soares Anísio Francisco , Imazaki Pedro Henrique Didimo
Published: March 2023

Las salmonelas son bacterias de suma importancia en la vigilancia e inspección de productos de origen animal debido a su alto número de Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos (DTA’s)[7]. A través de la contaminación directa, a través del contacto con las heces de hombres y animales, o indirectamente, a través de fómites, que llevan a los consumidores a casos graves de enteritis, que pueden conducir a una infección sistémica y la muerte. Aunque en los últimos 20 años, la investigación y los tratamientos han evolucionado, el consumo de productos animales también ha progresado y aumentado los casos. Además, el uso irracional de antibióticos y factores de crecimiento trajo efectos nocivos, donde se percibieron resistencias y cierta dificultad en el tratamiento. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la situación actual de la presencia de Salmonella spp. en cortes de carne en Brasil. Para ello se utilizaron bases de datos, como Portal Capes; Ciencia Directa; Pubmed; Scielo, en los meses de diciembre de 2022 y enero de 2023. Los datos obtenidos indican que esta bacteria se encuentra en los alimentos y se transmite fácilmente a los humanos a través de la ingesta de alimentos, como la carne y otros productos contaminados, debido a la mala higiene. Se entiende que en Brasil, la salmonelosis sigue siendo un grave problema para la salud pública, con altas tasas de mortalidad y baja producción agroindustrial, ya que atrae la atención para el desarrollo de métodos para prevenir su proliferación. Por lo tanto, se concluye que debido a su impacto en la seguridad alimentaria de la población, existe una búsqueda constante de mejoras en las estrategias para reducir la contaminación de Salmonella spp. en Brasil, pero todavía se necesita una profundización continua en esta área de estudio.
Salmonelose em cortes de carne bovina no Brasil
Authors: Romão Lília Josefa Vidal , Silva Maria Vanessa da , Chaves Cintia , Medeiros Elizabeth Sampaio de , Soares Anísio Francisco , Imazaki Pedro Henrique Didimo
Published: March 2023

As salmonelas são bactérias de suma importância na vigilância e inspeção de produtos de origem animal devido ao seu elevado número de Doenças Dransmitidas por Alimentos (DTA’s). Através da contaminação direta, através do contato com as fezes de homens e animais, ou indiretamente, através de fômites, que levam os consumidores a casos graves de enterite, que podem levar à infecção sistêmica e morte. Embora nos últimos 20 anos, a pesquisa e os tratamentos tenham evoluído, o consumo de produtos de origem animal também progrediu e aumentou os casos. Além disso, o uso irracional de antibióticos e fatores de crescimento trouxeram efeitos deletérios, onde a resistência e alguma dificuldade no tratamento foram percebidas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a situação atual da presença de Salmonella spp. em cortes de carne bovina no Brasil. Para isso, foram utilizadas bases de dados, como o Portal Capes; Ciência Direta; Pubmed; Scielo, nos meses de dezembro de 2022 e janeiro de 2023. Os dados obtidos indicam que esta bactéria é encontrada nos alimentos e é facilmente transmitida aos seres humanos através da ingestão de alimentos, como carne e outros produtos contaminados, devido à falta de saneamento. . Entende-se que, no Brasil, a salmonelose continua sendo um grave problema para a saúde pública, com altas taxas de mortalidade e baixa produção do agronegócio, pois atrai a atenção para o desenvolvimento de métodos para evitar sua proliferação. Portanto, conclui-se que, devido ao seu impacto na segurança alimentar da população, há uma busca constante por melhorias nas estratégias para reduzir a contaminação por Salmonella spp. no Brasil, mas ainda é necessário um aprofundamento contínuo nessa área de estudo.
ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІ МОДЕЛІ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ: ДОСВІД ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Гавкалова Наталія , Гордієнко Лариса
Published: March 2023

Обґрунтовано актуальність децентралізації влади в Україні. Здійснено аналіз різних визначень поняття «децентралізація», які надані в спеціальній літературі. Розглянуто підходи щодо децентралізації влади в європейських країнах. Наведено перелік рамкових документів на основі яких здійснюється децентралізація управління в Європі. Визначено п'ять типів політичних мереж, якими охоплена децентралізація управління в Європі. Підкреслено, що з метою децентралізації управління держави ЄС все більше використовують консультації для удосконалення якості політичних рішень та законів. Означено, що впровадження консультаційного процесу приносить політичні, правові та соціальні вигоди. Визначено складові єдиного європейського простору, з урахуванням яких здійснюється децентралізація управління в країнах ЄС. Визначено й охарактеризовано європейські моделі децентралізованого управління.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Латишев Костянтин , Пугач Андрій , Мороз Віталій
Published: March 2023

У статті розглянуто особливості формування стратегії маркетингу торговельного підприємства. Авторами запропоновано визначення маркетингової стратегії відносно торговельного підприємства, в якому ключову роль відведено уподобанням споживачів. Теоретичні аспекти розробки маркетингової стратегії адаптовано до діяльності торговельного підприємства. Визначено основні тенденції ринку одягу м. Кременчука, що характеризують мотиви споживачів. Проведено експертну оцінку значущості факторів впливу на формування стратегії компанії на ринку одягу м. Кременчука. Розглянуто особливості формування маркетингової стратегії компанії для мережі магазинів на ринку одягу та взуття. На основі проведення експертного опитування здійснено аналіз факторів внутрішнього середовища компанії. Охарактеризовано структуру маркетингового комплексу на прикладі магазину «А» для виявлення недоліків досліджуваної компанії. Визначено, що компанія використовує комбіновану маркетингову стратегію, а саме стратегію розвитку ринку та стратегію лідерства з витрат. Результатом дослідження є розробка алгоритму формування маркетингової стратегії для мережі магазинів одягу на основі оцінки економічної ситуації в галузі та регіональних умов ринку одягу. Використання запропонованої послідовності етапів формування маркетингової стратегії дозволить підвищити рівень конкурентоспроможності на конкретному ринку, залучати та утримувати споживачів, вивчаючи їх думку та мотиви здійснення покупки, що є досить актуальним для компаній, які займаються реалізацією продукції одягу та взуття в умовах жорсткої конкуренції.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN AIRPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE ACCORDING WITH THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Павелко Віталій
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the pre-war state of the Ukrainian airports infrastructure and determines the list of problems which interfere the development of aviation branch of Ukraine. The article considers, that airport as a single complex, consists of the list of manufacturing infrastructure objects, which are obliged to regular investments for its development, reconstruction or new construction. For its operation, airport should provide full maintains of flights according with the air companies’ standards, demands and rules of security. The problem with the runway destruction is the main trouble of the Ukrainian regional airports and one of the main state airports development initiatives direction. The another important infrastructure element of each airport is a terminal. So, one of the reasons of the Ukrainian airports infrastructure critical level is a permanent underfunding, which makes not only the production threatening, but also the national security. The article proves, that all Ukrainian airports are in need of modernization runways, terminals, buildings, special technics and equipment to meet the international certification requirements. Some airports are in need of renovation, but the most of the Ukrainian airports are in need of full reconstruction. So, because of the airport activity is capital intensive and needs big investments, the main way of the Ukrainian airports infrastructure development in accordance with the international experience is the state-private partnership.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CHINA'S AND INDIA'S NATIONAL ECONOMIES
Authors: Узі Зіхуей , Сотник Ірина
Published: March 2023

The development of society is highly dependent on energy. However, the extensive use of power causes global problems such as resource exhaustion and climate warming. China and India are typical fast-growing developing countries whose economic advancement relies on traditional energy consumption. To realize the vision of sustainable development for these states, it is necessary to study the nations' economic efficiency of power use. Based on the analysis of energy consumption and gross domestic product trends in China and India from 1990 to 2019, this paper discusses the changes in the energy consumption index per unit of gross domestic product. The authors concluded that the power consumption in China and India is mainly concentrated in the industry, residential, and transport sectors. Divided by resource types, the energy consumed by China comes primarily from coal, oil products, and electricity, while the power consumed by India is mainly from coal, oil products, biofuels and waste. Since both countries mostly use coal and oil products which belong to fossil fuels, they emit large amounts of carbon dioxide, endangering the environment quality. Given this, China and India should focus on green power development. China's total energy consumption is much larger than India's, and China's gross domestic product is much larger than India's. However, China's energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product is less than India's. The higher the energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product is, the higher the dependence of economic development on energy is. The authors' suggestions are to develop non-fossil energy sources and adjust the energy mix, recycle solid wastes, and encourage carbon trading, climate investment and financing in the states to reach sustainable development targets.
ECOLOGICAL MARKETING AS A COMPONENT OF THE POLICY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MARKET OF ECOLOGICAL GOODS AND SERVICES
Authors: Чернишов Олександр
Published: March 2023

The article examines the problems associated with the formation of a policy of sustainable development based on ecological marketing by domestic enterprises. Currently, the mechanisms for the formation of the market for ecological goods and services are being developed and improved at the expense of the components of the sustainable development policy in terms of its ecological component. That is why, unfortunately, "ecological marketing" does not take into account the socio-ecological and economic needs of Ukrainian communities, as well as the peculiarities of the formation and development of ecological goods and services. The interrelationship of ecological and economic processes becomes the reason for the search for methods of balanced development of society, in which meeting the needs of current generations should not jeopardize the opportunities of future generations.
INSTRUMENTS FOR ENSURING THE PHASE TRANSITION OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS TO MANAGEMENT BASED ON INDUSTRIES 3.0, 4.0, 5.0
Authors: Мельник Леонід , Маценко Олександр , Калініченко Людмила , Голуб Артем , Сотник Ірина
Published: March 2023

The article develops the concept of key categories related to the phase transition to a new socio-economic formation: industrial revolutions Industries 3.0, 4.0, 5.0; the transition implementation mechanism; transformational processes; trialectic mechanisms of system formation. The key features of the economic system, which can be formed through a phase transition, are conditionally characterized. In particular, such an economy can be called a sustainable economy because it ensures the achievement of sustainable development goals. The essence of modern industrial revolutions (Industries 3.0, 4.0, 5.0) is revealed through which the specified phase transition is realized. In particular, Industries 5.0 is a phenomenon of human adaptation to a cybergized environment, during which the personal basis of a person develops, in particular, based on the synergistic integration of human cognitive abilities and artificial intelligence, as well as human biological nature and technical means. Based on a trialectic view of the system-forming factors of the beginning (material, informational and synergistic), the key groups of instruments for ensuring the specified phase transition were characterized, in particular, the group of instruments that provide the material prerequisites for the implementation of the phase transition can include: the introduction of alternative energy; large-scale energy accumulation; implementation of additive technologies (3D printing); formation of cyber-physical systems; implementation of the Internet of Things; miniaturization of economic assets. In the group of information prerequisites, the following instruments can be listed: mass computerization; sensory revolution; dematerialization of economic systems; the formation of the cloud as a global memory system and a global control centre; mass adoption of RFID tags. The group for ensuring synergistic prerequisites consists of globalization of Internet communications; creation of EnerNet (unified information and energy systems); creation of a global GPS; transition to network economic systems; formation of virtual enterprises.
BUSINESS TOURISM: A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF TOURIST ACTIVITY
Authors: Макар Оксана
Published: March 2023

The article examines the sphere of business tourism in Ukraine and the world market. The main indicators of the world market of tourist services and the segment of business tourism as one of its most important components were studied, and an analysis of the dynamics of the development of business tourism was carried out on the example of the leading countries of the world. The actual statistical indicators of business tourism of the countries of the world, indicators of accounting of business trips are analyzed. As a result of the study, changes in the ratings of indicators of the functioning of the sphere of business tourism in some countries were revealed. The places of business tourism in the development of the tourist industry of the countries of the world have been determined. The leading exporters and importers of tourist products are named, and the position of Ukraine in certain segments of the business tourism market is determined. The influence of the activation of the business services sector on the regional development of Ukraine is characterized. The key obstacles to the development of the business tourism business in Ukraine are indicated and the main tasks to overcome them are proposed. It was determined that business tourism, as a large part of the tourism industry in the future, is the basis for the image and economic progressiveness of the entire country. The factors that create obstacles for the development of business tourism in Ukraine, the prospects for the development of the national tourism market have been studied. The strengths and weaknesses facing the business tourism industry of Ukraine at the current stage are considered, and recommendations are given for increasing the competitiveness of the national tourism product. The potential for the development of business tourism in certain regions has been determined. Thus, business tourism is a strategic tool of both the foreign and domestic policy of our country as a whole and a key to the success of the development of regions, because all over the territory of our country there is a diverse business. The classification of business tourism by specific directions, the concept of "business tourism" has been improved. The main groups of participants in the field of business tourism are highlighted and the most dynamic segment of the business travel market is highlighted. The distribution of foreign tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in Ukraine is analyzed.
Lack of genetic structure of Cypriot Alectoris chukar (Aves, Galliformes) populations as inferred from mtDNA sequencing data
Authors:   Dept. of Biology, Protistology–Zoology Unit, Pisa, Italy, Guerrini M. , Panayides P. ,   Cypriot Game Fund Service, Ministry of Interior, Nicosia, Cyprus, Hadjigerou P. ,   Cypriot Game Fund Service, Ministry of Interior, Nicosia, Cyprus, Taglioli L. ,   Dept. of Biology, Anthropology Unit, Pisa, Italy, Dini F. ,   Dept. of Biology, Protistology–Zoology Unit, Pisa, Italy, Barberana F. ,   Dept. of Biology, Protistology–Zoology Unit, Pisa, Italy
Published: March 2023

The Chukar (Alectoris chukar cypriotes) is the most common game bird in Cyprus. Since 1990 the Cypriot Government has established a restocking program with captive-reared birds. However, this program has not been guaranteed by checking the genetic nature of wild and farmed samples, either in the areas controlled by the Cypriot Government or in northern Cyprus. The sequencing of both Cytochrome-b and Control Region of the mitochondrial DNA was carried out for 61 Cypriot representatives and 14 specimens of the same subspecies from Crete and Israel. Only the A. chukar maternal lineage was found. A partitioning of Cypriot specimens among different clades was not reliably supported, whereas robust bootstrap values weighted for an evolutionary divergence between Cypriot and Cretan Chukars. An overall genetic homogeny of the Cypriot populations was disclosed, whatever their status (captive vs. wild stocks) and origin (Government controlled vs. occupied areas) would be, a higher nucleotide diversity of the wild vs. captive representatives notwithstanding.
Comparison of nest-site selection patterns of different sympatric raptor species as a tool for their conservation
Authors:   WWF Greece, Dadia Project, Dadia, Soufli, Greece, Poirazidis K. , Goutner V. ,   Aristotelian Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece, Tsachalidis E. ,   Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Greece, Kati V. ,   Univ. of Ioannina, Greece
Published: March 2023

In this study the nest-site selection patterns of four tree-nesting sympatric raptor species in Dadia National Park (Greece) were compared in order to provide a sound conservation tool for their long-term management in the area. The species studied were the Black vulture (Aegypius monachus), the Lesser-spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina), the Booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) and the Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). Twenty-six variables illustrating the landscape context and vegetation structure of nesting sites were analysed. Multivariate-ANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis were used to test for significant differentiations in nest-site characteristics among the species. The species studied were initially differentiated by geomorphology and distance to foraging areas. Once these were determined their nesting areas were established according to forest structure. Our results indicate that forest management should integrate the preservation of mature forest stands with sparse canopy and forest heterogeneity in order to conserve suitable nesting habitats for the raptors. Specific conservation measures such as restriction of road construction should be implemented in order to protect the active nests and provisions should be made for adequate nesting sites for the Black vulture, which is sensitive to human disturbance.
Розвиток молодіжного підприємництва в аграрній сфері: проблеми та перспективи
Authors: Сухоставець Андрій
Published: March 2023

У статті досліджено розвиток молодіжного підприємництва та аграрного бізнесу в Україні. Обґрунтовано, що в сучасній ринковій економіці, основаній на принципах сталого розвитку, перехід до якої є головним вектором реформ в Україні, підприємництво є важливими елементами ринкової економіки та невід’ємною частиною механізму конкуренції. Дослідження показують, що молоді українці хочуть спробувати свої сили в розвитку власної справи, але часто незнання законодавства або відсутність досвіду перешкоджає цьому, стримуючи потенційних підприємців від відкриття або не відкриття власної справи. Переважна кількість опитаних респондентів, а саме 98 відсотків мають бажання відкрити свій бізнес. Найбільше учасників опитування хотіли б займатися наданням послуг – 49 осіб (49,5%) та другому місці по вибору напрямків – виробництво і переробка сільськогосподарської продукції – 42 особи (42,4%); на третьому місці роздрібна торгівля – 36 осіб (36,4%); наступна категорія це оптова торгівля – 33 особи (33,3%); передостаннє виробництво промислової продукції – 22 особи (22,5%). Встановлено, що найбільше турбує майбутніх підприємців високе податкове навантаження – 69,7%; корупція у контролюючих та перевіряючих органах – 54,5%; відсутність кваліфікованих кадрів 38,4%; обмежений доступ до ресурсів - 37,4%; військові дії на території країн – 15,2% та тиск з боку правоохоронних органів – 15,2%. Серед видів економічної діяльності в розрізі аграрного підприємництва до пріоритетних відносять сільське господарство (рослинництво) – 78,8%; сільське господарство (тваринництво) – 64,6%; сільське господарство (ягідництво) – 19,2%; переробка сільськогосподарської продукції – 63,6%; туристичні послуги – 22,2%; виробництво будівельних матеріалів – 11,1%. Доведено, що сільське господарство потребує ефективної фінансової підтримки як на національному, так і на регіональному рівнях визначено, що розвитку сільськогосподарського підприємництва заважає недосконала державна політика його підтримки, високі податки та адміністративні бар'єри. Визначено, що стану розвитку сільськогосподарського підприємництва в регіоні заважають наявні проблеми, які потребують негайного вирішення. Враховуючи те, що наша країна має значний споживчий ринок, вигідне геополітичне розташування, багаті природні ресурси, кваліфіковану робочу силу, потужну наукову базу вона повинна стати країною з високим рівнем підприємництва.
Сучасні виклики щодо координації захисних заходів у разі виникнення транскордонної ядерної або радіаційної аварії
Authors: Chupryna S. , Kyrylenko Yu. , Nikolaiev Ye.
Published: March 2023

Підхід до координації захисних дій на ранній фазі транскордонної ядерної або радіаційної аварії було сформовано та запропоновано Асоціацією керівників європейських компетентних органів з питань радіаційного захисту (HERCA) і Західноєвропейською асоціацією органів регулювання ядерної та радіаційної безпеки (WENRA) у 2014 році й отримав назву «підхід HERCA-WENRA». З того часу чимало країн успішно впроваджують цей підхід для гармонізації своїх дій у відповідь на спільну загрозу.

У статті містяться основні принципи підходу HERCA-WENRA, наведено загальну концепцію, механізми та заходи, що реалізуються на різних етапах підготовки та реагування на ядерну або радіаційну аварію, описано стан імплементації підходу HERCA-WENRA в Україні, а також зазначені основні фактори невизначеності щодо оцінки та прогнозування радіаційних наслідків аварій на об’єктах І категорії радіаційної небезпеки.

Окрему увагу приділено ситуації, що склалася на території України з початком повномасштабного вторгнення російської федерації, в контексті аварійної готовності та реагування, зокрема захопленню окупантами одного з найбільших ядерних об’єктів Європи.
Експериментальні випробування біоцидної обробки охолоджуючої води систем безпеки енергоблоків Рівненської атомної електростанції
Authors: Kuznietsov P. , Biedunkova O.
Published: March 2023

Важливим елементом забезпечення безпеки є наукові дослідження та інженерні розробки, спрямовані на удосконалення проєктних рішень і підвищення надійності систем та елементів АЕС. Система технічного водопостачання відповідальних споживачів є забезпечуючою системою безпеки АЕС, на надійність, безпеку, виконання функцій та ефективність якої впливає встановлений водно-хімічний режим. З огляду на те, що система технічного водопостачання відповідальних споживачів забезпечує охолоджуючою водою системи споживачів реакторного відділення та резервних дизельних електростанцій, підтримання водно-хімічного режиму цієї системи також може позначитись на роботі інших систем безпеки та систем, важливих для безпеки. Модифікація водно-хімічного режиму системи технічного водопостачання відповідальних споживачів, з впровадженням нових реагентів, може вплинути на безпеку внаслідок корозійного впливу на конструкційні матеріали, тому введення нових методів корекційної обробки водно-хімічного режиму має відбуватися з дотриманням вимог проведення модифікацій ядерних установок та порядку оцінки їх безпеки. У статті описано етапи впровадження нових методів корекційної обробки охолоджуючої води систем безпеки АЕС України згідно з чинними нормативними документами з ядерної та радіаційної безпеки та природоохоронної діяльності. Стаття містить результати проведеного гідробіологічного моніторингу, що обґрунтовує необхідність впровадження біоцидної обробки, результати визначення ефективної дози біоцидів, корозійних випробувань з визначенням впливу реагентів на конструкційні матеріали системи технічного водопостачання відповідальних споживачів та режими технологічного впровадження обробки. Запропоновані біоциди за результатами експериментальних досліджень ефективно діють проти наявних у системі технічного водопостачання відповідальних споживачів біологічних перешкод, їх застосування не призводить до корозійного впливу на конструкційні матеріали. Експериментальні дослідження підтвердили забезпечення безпеки експлуатації АЕС, екологічність застосування запропонованих біоцидів та можливість підвищення надійності експлуатації технологічного обладнання завдяки зменшенню біологічних перешкод.
Fault Detection and Prognosis of Aerospace Systems Using Long Short-Term Memory Based Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Dhanagopal Vasanth
Published: March 2023

Health monitoring and remaining useful life predictions for the aerospace systems is a challenging and complex task to accomplish. Internal or external complications in these aerospace systems (aircraft and satellites) may lead to extremely hazardous or catastrophic consequences to the entire mission involving human life and budget. Considering the severity and complexity of the problem, this thesis deals in developing a diagnosis and prognosis health management system (DPHM) for the attitude actuator control system that uses reaction wheels in pyramid configuration onboard Kepler spacecraft and for the fleet of air-breathing turbofan engines. The established model iscomparatively effective and computationally light in managing the objective of fault detection and prognostics.

An advanced data-driven DPHM scheme with optimization techniques is developed and evaluated. Initially, a recurrent LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural network model is established and assessed with the general dataset (Particulate Matter (PM2.5)). Secondly, a statistical-based fault detection method with functional factors of Weibull and mathematical features of frictional parameters showed that reaction wheels 2 and 4 of Kepler spacecraft have an early sign (~2 months) of their respective failures. This statistical method is compared with the proposed LSTM model for validation. Thirdly, the prognostic approach for estimation of remaining useful life (RUL) of the C-MAPPS and PHM08 datasets is successfully achieved. Numerous preprocessing methods such as digital filters (Savitzky-Golay (S-G)), principal component analysis (PCA) are used for standardizing the data. Finally, the optimization tools such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are merged with LSTM for finetuning the hyper-parameters. Overall, the optimized model performs with better accuracy and can be concluded as a promising algorithm for the health management of complex systems.
Artificial Intelligence for a Reduction of False Denials in Refugee Claims
Authors: Evans Cameron Hilary , Goldfarb Avi , Morris Leah
Published: March 2023

Deciding refugee claims is a paradigm case of an inherently uncertain judgment and prediction exercise. Yet refugee status decision-makers may underestimate the uncertainty inherent in their decisions. A feature of recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability to make uncertainty visible. By making clear to refugee status decision-makers how uncertain their predictions are, AI and related statistical tools could help to reduce their confidence in their conclusions. Currently, this would only hurt claimants, since many countries around the world have designed their refugee status determination systems using inductive inference which distorts risk assessment. Increasing uncertainty would therefore contribute to mistaken rejections. If, however, international refugee law was to recognize an obligation under the UN Convention to resolve decision-making doubt in the claimant’s favour and use abductive inference, as Evans Cameron has advocated, then by making uncertainty visible, AI could help reduce the number of wrong denied claims. 
Risk Theory and ‘Subjective Fear’: The Role of Risk Perception, Assessment, and Management in Refugee Status Determinations
Authors: Evans Cameron Hilary
Published: March 2023

Adjudicators deciding refugee claims often assume that people in danger will take prompt and effective steps to save themselves and will never willingly put themselves at risk. They rely on three articles of faith handed down by generations of judges: those who fear for their lives in their homelands will not delay in leaving; they will ask for protection immediately in the first safe country that they reach; and they will never return for any reason. These assumptions are not based on any evidence, and yet evidence is close at hand. For decades, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, economists and historians have studied how human beings perceive and respond to danger. This article reviews this research and concludes that before adjudicators could even potentially infer from these types of actions that a claimant was not afraid, or is lying, they must consider the psychological and cultural factors influencing the claimant's risk perception, assessment, and management. It concludes that even when all these factors are taken into account, the well-documented variance in human response to danger makes ‘subjective fear’ judgments fundamentally unsound.
Refugee Status Determinations and the Limits of Memory
Authors: Evans Cameron Hilary
Published: March 2023

Refugee status decision makers typically have unreasonable expectations of what and how people remember. Many assume that our minds record all aspects of the events that we experience, and that these memories are stored in our brains and remain unchanged over time. Decades of psychological research has demonstrated, however, that our memories are neither so complete nor so stable, even setting aside the effects on memory of trauma and stress. Whole categories of information are difficult to recall accurately, if at all: temporal information, such as dates, frequency, duration and sequence; the appearance of common objects; discrete instances of repeated events; peripheral information; proper names; and the verbatim wording of verbal exchanges. In addition, our autobiographical memories change over time, and may change significantly. As a result, while gaps or inconsistencies in a claimant's testimony may in some cases properly lead to a negative credibility finding, such aspects are often misleading and should never be used mechanically, and the bar must be set much lower. Many decision makers must fundamentally readjust their thinking about claimants’ memories if they are to avoid making findings that are as unsound as they are unjust.
Investigation of Waste Perlite and Recycled Concrete Powders as Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Dacić Amina , Fenyvesi Olivér , Kopecskó Katalin
Published: March 2023

One of the sustainable solutions for cementitious materials could be the inclusion of locally available raw materials with possible lower environmental and/or economic impacts that meet technical requirements. This study focuses on waste perlite and recycled concrete powders, which are wastes from natural or artificial rock. Their effects on hardened and fresh properties were investigated by cement replacement of 15, 30 and 45 m%. The waste perlite powders demonstrated higher reactivity, while the recycled concrete powder would act mainly as a filler material. When using recycled concrete and waste perlite powders, an adverse effect was identified on the examined fresh properties.
The Role of The Supreme Audit Institutions in Counteracting VAT Gap in the European States. A Cross-Country Comparative Study
Authors: Dobrowolski Zbysław
Published: March 2023

This study follows the research conducted so far on the multi-dimensional role of supreme audit institutions (SAIs) in strengthening social capital and improving the functioning of public organisations. It has been found that international organisations established by SAIs, should include the problem of the VAT gap in their audit strategies. In addition, they should tighten international cooperation, including training cooperation, considering that irregularities in VAT settlements occurring in all Member States of the European Union are favoured by the specific nature of intra-community transactions. Institutional weaknesses in tax collection prove the low potential of the state. Due to the lack of publicly available information, it has not been established whether the SAIs from the studied countries with the largest size of the VAT gap – Malta and Greece – analysed the reasons for its creation. SAIs from other countries – Great Britain, Germany, Romania and Italy analysed the reasons for the ineffective reduction of the VAT gap by national tax systems. However, there is no information about audits involving human resource management in tax offices. Meanwhile, this issue is crucial not only from the point of view of the effectiveness of tax prevention but, more broadly, to strengthen the social capital necessary to create an organisational domestic and international environment based on reliability that will bring tax accountability. The formulated directional proposals for examining the tax system in terms of the effectiveness of reducing the VAT gap, due to their universality, can be applied in various countries.
Pelatihan Senam Pinguin bagi Guru PAUD di Kecamatan Kuningan
Authors: Cahyati Nika , Charisma Islami Chitra
Published: March 2023

Tujuan Pelaksanaan program pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan senam pinguin adalah untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam bidang motorik kasar, agar dapat menciptakan, mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan senam pinguin. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan pada guru di HIMPAUDI Kecamatan Kuningan. Persoalan ini dikarenakan kegiatan senam yang menarik minat anak masih jarang digunakan di lembaga PAUD . Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dilaksanakannya pelatihan senam pinguin. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari tahapan  observasi, koordinasi dengan HIMPAUDI, pelaksanaan pelatihan dan evaluasi kegiatan.
ABK ( Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus), Pendidikan, Olahraga Tradisional
Authors: Januar Adisapto
Published: March 2023

Secara etimologis istilah segregasi berasal dari kata segregate (diartikanmemisahkan, memencilkan) atau segregation (diartikan pemisahan).Para ilmuwan kita mengartikan segregasi sebagai proses pemisahansuatu golongan dari golongan lainnya; atau pengasingan; atau jugapengucilan. Berkaitan dengan kePLBan, pendidikan segregasi adalahsuatu system pendidikan bagiAnak Berkebutuhan Khusus yang terpisah dari system pendidikan anaknormal. System pendidikan segregasi merupakan system layananpendidikan bagi ABK tertua di tanah air kita, bahkan berdiri sebelumIndonesiamerdeka.Pemisahanyangterjadibukansekedartempat/lokasi,tetapimencakupkeseluruhanprogrampenyelenggaraannya. Layanan pendidikan semacam ini disebut layananpendidikan bagi ABK melalui pemisahan program penyelenggaraanpendidikan secara penuh dari program pendidikan anak anak padaumumnya. Munculnya istilah pendidikan segregasi sejalan dengan sikap,pandangan masyarakat terhadap ABK pada saat itu, bahwa ABK adalahanak-anak yang berbeda dalam banyak hal dibandingkan dengan anakanak pada umumnya. Artinya ada perbedaan yang sangat mencolok,sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran/keraguan akan kemampuan anakanak ABK jika belajar secara bersama-sama dengan anak normal padaumumnya. Oleh karena itu mereka harus mendapat layanan pendidikansecara khusus (terpisah dari yang normal). Maka timbulah pandanganbahwa konsep Pendidikan Luar Biasa saat itu identik dengan SekolahLuar Biasa.
Age at Orchidopexy for Undescended Testes: How Far Beyond Are We From Guidelines?
Authors: Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Sarwar Md Khurshid Alam , Khastagir Rajib , Sajid Md Minhajuddin , Farhad Tanzil , Sadia Ayesha , Farooq Md Abdullah Al
Published: March 2023

Background : Recommendations for age at orchidopexy for Undescended Testis (UDT) have changed from time to time in accordance with change of knowledge regarding its pathology and prognostic features. In most developed countries, recommendation for ideal time of orchidopexy is between six months to one year. This study investigates the age of patients who underwent orchidopexy for undescended testis in this institute to assess the current trend of age at orchidopexy in this region.

Materials and methods : This is a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. Patients of UDT who visited the outpatient department, admitted in this ward or underwent orchidopexy in this department were retrospectively evaluated from hospital records, operating theatre register, patient files and admission profile and departmental audits. Number of patients, side of involvement and age distribution were calculated.

Results: A total of 218 patients of UDT attended OPD (1.91% of total OPD) 96 patients were admitted (1.33 % of all admissions) and 82 patients underwent orchidopexy (1.48 % of total surgeries) during the study period. Age at orchidopexy ranged from 8 months to 12 years with a median age of 5 year 11 months. Only 5 patients (6.10 %) underwent orchidopexy at the recommended time of between 6 months to one year.

Conclusion: Many patients attended OPD after the recommended age and many underwent surgery at a later age which increases their risk of malignancy and testicular atrophy.

JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (2) : 47-51
İbn Fazlullah El-Ömerî’nin Mesâlikü’l-Ebsâr Adlı Eserinde Fırkaları Ele Alış Metodu Ve Makâlât Geleneğindeki Bilgi Ve Kaynaklık Değeri
Authors: YAPICI Yusuf
Published: March 2023

İslam makâlât geleneğinin durgunluk dönemini yaşadığı VIII/XV. asırda kitâbî faaliyete dair yeni heyecanı tebellür ettirecek eserlerin telif edildiğini görmekteyiz. Rivayet ilimleri özelinde tarih, tabakât ve teracîm hafızasını/geleneğini yeniden harekete geçiren bu eserler, yazıldıkları döneme özgü bir makâlât edebiyatının başlamasına da ön ayak olmuştur. Sözgelimi Makrîzî, Kalkaşendî ve Ömerî gibi Memlükler döneminde makâlât yazıcılığına dair bir anlatı sunan isimlerin kültür tarihi bağlamında yazdığı eserler yeni yazım tarzının en iyi örnekleri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ömerî’nin Mesâliku’l-ebsâr fî memâliki’l-emsâr adlı eseri irdelenmiş olup onun makâlât edebiyatına dair katkıları ele alınmıştır. Ömerî’nin fırkaları inceleme aşamasında uyguladığı metot ve bu fırkaları ele alırken onların bazı görüşlerini itibarsızlaştırmak için sarf ettiği çabanın özgünlüğü de tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmamızda Eş’arî ve Ehl-i hadis çizgide yazılmış makâlât ve reddiye türleri başta olmak üzere klasik makâlât eserlerine sıklıkla atıf yapan müellifin bu eserlerden etkilenip etkilenmediğine dikkat çekerek mukayeseli bir üslup ortaya konulmuştur.
Justifying the Precautionary Principle as a political principle
Authors: Bermejo-Luque L , Rodríguez-Alcázar J
Published: March 2023

Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical criticisms that it has raised by proposing a novel conception and a specific formulation of the principle. We first address the theoretical concerns against the idea of there being a principle of precaution by arguing for a distinctively political conception of the PP as opposed to a moral one. Our claim is that the rationale of the PP is grounded in the fact that contemporary societies wish to avoid morally unacceptable risks while at the same time pursuing other goals, aspirations and values. Following this political conception of the PP, we propose a specific formulation in terms of an argumentation scheme—the Argumentation Scheme for Appealing to Precaution—which is meant to solve, in turn, the main practical concerns that the PP has raised. We explain the advantages of our proposal by analysing appeals to precaution in the cases of (1) the European restrictions on the free movement of persons during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the discharge of nuclear wastes into the Irish Sea.
Reef recovery and resilience: interpreting abiotic effects on critical early life stages of large brown algae
Authors: Crossett D , Dunmore R , Schiel D
Published: March 2023

Rocky reefs throughout the temperate zone are dominated by large brown algae, which are major foundation species and ecosystem engineers. There is usually an ecological bottleneck at the early life stage of such algae when they are vulnerable to a wide range of stressors. A large earthquake that affected the coastline of southern New Zealand highlighted the combined effects of sudden changes to multiple stressors on large algal assemblages. In particular, the regime of temperature, sediment and light suddenly changed as the coastal platform was lifted, and sediments from the catchment occluded the light environment of nearshore waters. Here we tested the effects of these stressors on early survival and growth of 3 formerly dominant species—the fucoids Landsburgia quercifolia and Durvillaea antarctica and the laminarian Lessonia variegata—over 100 d using a culture laboratory. After 42 d, interactive effects were found for growth of all species. Decreasing light and increasing temperature had the greatest negative effect on L. variegata and D. antarctica growth. Growth was minimal at the lowest light treatment (PAR: 16 µmol m-2 s-1) for all species, but often least growth was found at the highest sediment treatment (PAR: 32 µmol m-2 s-1). L. quercifolia was resilient to increasing temperature, whereas survival and growth decreased with increasing temperature for D. antarctica and L. variegata. These results are highly suggestive of the coincident influences of major stressors on the post-earthquake marine ecosystem. These results also highlight that recovery of large brown algae following disturbance events is likely to be slow due to an increase in coastal sedimentation and extreme water temperature.