bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baseball Arbitration: The Trendiest Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism in International Taxation
Authors: Neto L.
Published: December 2023

This study addresses an alternative mechanism for the settlement of international tax disputes: so-called baseball arbitration. Although contracting states are able to adopt several formats to design alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, the author presents a concept of tax treaty baseball arbitration based on the approaches that have been envisaged by various international organizations and states. The article addresses in detail the main features and procedural rules related to baseball arbitration in international tax matters. Among these, special emphasis is placed on the accessory character, mandatory nature, enforceability and scope of the procedure. Other critical issues, such as the selection of the arbitrators, the presentation of offers and supporting arguments, taxpayer participation, secrecy and transparency of the procedure are analysed by anticipating possible practical, policy and legal difficulties that this new approach to tax treaty dispute settlement may raise.
Temporary Reduction in VAT in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Model-Theoretical Description of Corporate Decisions
Authors: Bachmann C. , Seifert C.
Published: December 2023

By reducing the VAT rate, national governments aim to stimulate demand in the expectation that the companies lower their prices. However, the corporations can also maintain the prices and benefit from a higher net profit. Therefore, the paper models the decision-making situation of a company that is confronted with a temporary VAT cut. The authors illustrate the influencing factors on a pass-through decision in a multi-period model by the use of the net present value method. The model is a theoretical explanatory approach to demonstrate why companies not always pass-through a temporary VAT reduction to consumers. Firms can draw direct conclusions from the results and transfer the findings to their decision-making process in the event of future VAT cuts. Furthermore, the model provides advice to fiscal policymakers concerning the effectiveness of temporary VAT reductions.
Possible Consequences of Brexit in the Area of Indirect Taxation: Why Prime Minister May Talks about a Hard Brexit, but Really Needs a Soft Brexit!
Authors: Thiel S. van , Lamensch M.
Published: December 2023

The Brexit referendum of June 2016 gave rise to tremendous confusion in the United Kingdom, the European Union and internationally. In her subsequent presentations and White Papers, Prime Minister May appeared to be trying to calm the political waters at home by reassuring the people of Britain that “Brexit is Brexit” and that UK sovereignty and control of immigration would take precedence over trading with the European Union. The objective of this paper is to explain that, even though these statements may have served a domestic political purpose, a hard Brexit – under which the United Kingdom would become just a third country without any preferential economic relations with the European Union – would reintroduce significant trade obstacles that should not be taken lightly. This paper focuses in particular on the indirect tax obstacles for UK exports to the European Union, including customs duties and related procedures, the harmonized value added tax system and the loss of protection against indirect tax discrimination. The overall conclusion is that a hard Brexit will have a considerable cost for UK businesses and for the UK economy in general.
The Origins of Article 5(5) and 5(6) of the OECD Model
Authors: Avery Jones J.F. , Lüdicke J. (Jürgen)
Published: December 2023

This article by authors from the two countries which comprised the
OEEC working party that originally drafted the permanent establishment article
considers the history of the agency permanent establishment provisions from
their respective legal perspectives in order to try to understand what was in
the minds of the members of the Working Party. This approach is assisted by the
fact that two years before their work for the OEEC the United Kingdom and
Germany had concluded a tax treaty. The authors have drawn on material in their
respective national archives about the negotiations of that treaty to show the
understanding that the working party members brought to the OEEC. One of the
conclusions is that they never appreciated the differences in their respective
laws of agency which has led to an unsatisfactory result caused by the two
legal systems approaching article 5(5) of the current OECD Model in different
ways and the exceptions in article 5(6) having different effects in each
system.
Default Interest in the Event of Late Payment of Taxes
Authors: De Troyer I.
Published: December 2023

In this article, the author comments on the proportionality requirement in relation to default interest applied when a tax debt is not (timely) paid, and on interest issues in case of cross-border tax recovery and international consultations in tax disputes. Default interest has both a compensatory function and a punitive nature. The distinction between both aspects means that account must be taken of the specific circumstances of each individual situation in which default interest is applied. International recovery assistance should ensure transparency regarding the default interest applied. Moreover, it is important that the combined application of default interest and administrative penalties in the applicant state and the requested state does not lead to a disproportionate effect on the tax debtor. In respect of mutual agreement procedures to resolve double taxation, it is noted that legislation should take greater account of the default interest imposed on the tax debtor.
The Definitions of Dividends and Interest in the OECD Model: Something Lost in Translation?
Authors: Avery Jones J.F. , Baker P. , De Broe L. , Ellis M.J. , van Raad K. , Le Gall J.-P. , Goldberg S.H. , Blessing P. , Lüdicke J. (Jürgen) , Maisto G. , Miyatake T. , Torrione H. , Vann R.J. , Ward D.A. , Nikolakakis A. , Wiman B.
Published: December 2023

This article analyses the meaning of the definitions of dividend and interest in the OECD Model by reference to their historical evolution. In the dividend definition the origin of “other corporate rights” is traced to a 1958 OEEC Working Party minute in which the same French expression used in six treaties is translated into English in six different ways, one of which was “other similar corporate profit-sharing rights”. Hence the reference in the title to something lost in translation. Income can fall within both definitions (dividend and interest) by being taxed as a dividend and falling within the listed items of interest. The Commentary attempts to resolve the overlap in thin capitalization situations by unsatisfactory amendments made in 1992 based on whether the lender effectively shares the risks run by the company: the overlap needs to be solved by an amendment to the Model.
EDUKASI STIMULASI PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL TENGGOH-TENGGOHAN PADA GURU TK PEMBINA 01 BATURAJA
Authors: Suparno  , Estiani Meilina , Rosa Eni Folendra
Published: December 2023

Anak berkemampuan sosial adalah anak yang dapat menunjukkan perilaku yang diterima secara sosial dalam kelompoknya.Saat ini permainan  tradisional   sudah tergeser pada alat permainan modern, sehingga tanpa disadari menyebabkan anak tidak terbiasa bersosialisasi dengan teman sebaya,  kurang belajar bertanggung jawab dan menghargai orang lani, tidak terbiasa berespon dengan orang lain. Permainan Tenggoh-tenggohan yang merupakan salah satu permainan tradisional Baturaja-OKU, telah terbukti dapat menstimulasi perkembangan social anak.   Belum pernah disosialisaskan stimulasi perkembangan social anak melalui permainan tradisonal Tenggoh-Tenggohan  pada Guru TK Pembina 01 Baturaja. Tujuan kegiatan  untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan  dan kemampuan guru TK tentang permainan Tenggoh-tenggohan untuk menstimulasi perkembangan social anak. Menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, pemutaran video permainan tenggoh-tenggohan  dan evaluasi. Hasil  : Rangkaian kegiatan dilakukan tanggal 3 - 9  Juni 2023,  dihadiri  20 orang guru. Untuk menggali tingkat pengetahuan peserta dilakukan pre–tes dan post-tes. Tahap pelaksanaan, penyampaian materi menggunakan  infocus, video permainan , buku panduan permainan Tenggoh-tenggohan dan leaflet . Tingkat pengetahuan menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 15 pertanyaan,  didapatkan pengetahuan peserta  sebelum  edukasi sbb:  baik (53,3%), cukup (33%) dan kurang (13,3% ). Tingkat pengetahuan setelah edukasi adalah :   baik (86,6%), cukup (13,3%) dan   pengetahuan kurang (0) .Adanya perubahan perkembangan social anak setelah distimulasi dengan permainan tenggoh-tenggohan . Kesimpulan: Peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebanyak 62,5%   dan adanya perubahan  perkembangan social anak setelah distimulasi permainan  Tenggoh-tenggohan  (90%) .  Disarankan  perlunya tindak lanjut penerapan permainan tradisonal Tenggoh-tenggohan sebagai bagian dari setiap  kegiatan bermain siswa di TK Pembina 01 Baturaja .
La universitarización de la formación terciaria técnica como un eje de la expansión de la educación superior en Uruguay
Authors: Rama Claudio
Published: December 2023

La reforma en curso de la educación superior en Uruguay, se ha analizado como un proceso de dife- renciación institucional por el cual se ha pasado de una universidad - sistema a un sistema de educación superior. El presente artículo analiza la reforma en curso como un proceso de universitarización de la formación terciaria, como una elevación de la formación que pasa del nivel terciario al nivel universitario. Se analiza este proceso en diversos campos técnicos, laborales y del conocimiento, como resul- tado de cambios en las demandas sociales y económicas, que comienzan a requerir competencias superiores de estas formaciones y que empiezan a ser cubiertas por instituciones universitarias. Es ésta una dinámica social de nuevas demandas de los actores educativos que buscan mejorar sus trayectorias y sus capacidades competitivas mejorando sus certificaciones y cuyos impulsos se han expresado en la dinámica de universitarización de las ofertas en todos los campos de la formación. El presente artículo analiza las dinámicas institucionales de la enseñanza técnica, de salud, artística, de educación física y del sector privado. Esta elevación del nivel de la formación terciaria, se constituye en la base de la diferenciación y del isomorfismo institucional de la educación superior en Uruguay.

En artículo analiza sus diferenciados caminos y dinámicas, su componente político y las tensiones y conflictos entre la diferenciación y la concentración institucional.
Implementasi Artificial Intelligence (AI) di Bidang Pendidikan Kejuruan Pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Muhammad Yahya  , Wahyudi  , Akmal Hidayat
Published: December 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a concept closely related to technological advancements in the era of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. AI can be described as a computer program that involves integrated machine learning, hardware, and software components. This concept of AI is inspired by the neocognitron patterns in the human brain and utilizes knowledge from hardware and software to fulfill its functions. With the progress of Industry 4.0, AI has been widely employed in various fields, including vocational education. The aim of this research is to elucidate the role of AI in vocational education during the Industry 4.0 era, utilizing qualitative research methods. In the context of vocational education, AI is used to personalize learning for each learner. AI systems assist in creating customized learning profiles, such as practical exercises, for individual learners. This enables the adaptation of learning materials to align with the abilities, learning styles, and experiences of each learner. The implementation of AI technology in vocational education is considered to be helpful and facilitates the tasks of educators, particularly in administrative aspects such as assessment and determining final grades based on applicable weights and evaluations. Additionally, AI technology can also create more active and interactive learning experiences, thereby facilitating the teaching and learning process for both educators and learners to achieve their goals.
Overlapping of Genes in the Human Genome
Authors:   Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Nakayama Tomohiro , Asai Satoshi , Takahashi Yasuo ,   Division of Genomic Epidemiology & Clinical Trials, Department of Advanced Medical Science at the Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Maekawa Oto , Kasama Yasuji ,   Maize Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Published: December 2023

Overlapping genes are relatively common in DNA and rNA viruses. there are several examples in bac-terial and eukaryotic genomes, but, in general, overlapping genes are quite rare in organisms other than viruses. there have been a few reports of overlapping genes in mammalian genomes. the present study identified all of the overlapping loci and overlapping exons in every chromosome of the human genome using a public database. the total number of overlapping loci on the same and opposite strands was 949 and 743, respectively. similarly, in every chromosome, the instances in which two loci were located on the same strand were similar to the number of 2 genes observed on opposite strands, except for chromosome 5. the number of 2 exons located on the same strand was higher than that for 2 exons located on opposite strands, indicating the presence of many comprehensive-type overlaps. the mean percentage of overlapping exons on opposite strands in each chromosome was 3.3%, suggesting that parts of the nucleotide sequences of 26,501 exons are used to produce 2 transcribed products from each strand. the ratio of the number of overlapping regions to chromosomal length revealed that, on chromosomes 22, 17 and 19, ratios were high for both types of 2 loci, with exons located on the same and opposite strands. ratios were low on chromosomes Y, 13 and 18. these results show that all overlapping types are distributed throughout the human genome, but that distributions differ for each chromosome.
Expression of Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) α Protein in the Synovial Membrane from Patients with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors:   Departments of Internal Medicine, Thessaly University School of Medicine, Larisa, Greece, Li Sakkas , Katsetos Cd ,   Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for children, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Karachalios T ,   Departments of Orthopedics, Thessaly University School of Medicine, Larisa, Greece
Published: December 2023

Retinoic acid receptors (RAR) are expressed in inflammatory cells and, through ligand binding, play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as in regulation of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production. Inflammatory cytokines and MMPs play a significant role in cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA) and in joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the prototype of inflammatory arthritis. To determine if RARα is expressed in the synovial membrane (SM) of patients with OA and compare it with RA, SM biopsy samples were used in this study which were from 31 patients with late OA and 14 patients with late RA. Cryostat sections were studied by immunochemistry using a RARα-specific antibody. All SM samples from OA and RA patients exhibited cellular localization for RARα. Immunoreactivity was present in mononuclear inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, synovial lining cells, and fibroblasts. Inflammatory infiltrates were interstitial and nodular. Roughly one half of mononuclear cells in the inflammatory nodules in OA and RA were positive for RARα. The conclusion is that the presence of RARα in SM of patients with OA and RA suggests that RARs may play a role in the immunomodulation of synovial inflammation and therefore can be a potential target of therapeutic intervention in these arthritides.
Antibacterial Activity of Synthetic Precursors of Podophyllotoxin
Authors:   Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India, Rai K. M. Lokanatha , Nanjundaswamy N. , Shashikanth S. ,   Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India, Satish S. , Raveesha K. A. ,   Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
Published: December 2023

Precursors of podophyllotoxin were synthesized and screened for their antibacterial activity. The results proved that ethyl-2-(3'-methyl-4'-methoxybenzoyl)-3-(4" methoxyphenol)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and Ethyl-2-(3'-methyl-4'-methoxybenzyol-3-1 3", 4"-dimethoxyphenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid have significant antibacterial activity against Citrobacter sp., Escherchia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sonnei and Streptococcus faecalis. The activity is lower than Ciprofloxacin and equal to Gentamicin and more than Penicillin and Streptomycin.
Sensitive Indirect Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of H2-Receptor Antagonists in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Darwish Ibrahim A. , Hassan Ahmed I. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt 18, 07743 Jena, Hussein Samiha A. , Mahmoud Ashraf M. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
Published: December 2023

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for determination of H2-receptor antagonists: cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, and ranitidine hydrochloride. The method was based on the oxidation of these drugs with cerium (IV) in presence of perchloric acid and subsequent measurement of the excess Ce (IV) by its reaction with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde to give a red colored product (λmax at 464 nm). The decrease in the absorption intensity (ΔA) of the colored product, due to the presence of the drug was correlated with its concentration in the sample solution. Different variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9985-0.9994) were found between ΔA values and the concentrations of the drugs in a concentration range of 1-16 μg ml-1. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 0.12-0.44 and 0.37-1.33 μg ml-1, respectively. The method was validated, in terms of accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and robustness; the results were satisfactory. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the investigated drugs in their pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms (recovery was 98.8- 102.5 ± 0.79-1.72%) without interference from the common excipients. The results obtained by the proposed method were comparable with those obtained by the official methods.
Recent progress in therapeutic angiogenesis
Authors:   Division of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Morishita Ryuichi , Nakagami Hironori ,   Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
Published: December 2023

Coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease are devastating status of acute vessel occlusion in diseased vessels that are already narrowed enough by atherosclerotic process. People are now focused on therapeutic angiogenesis against the ischemic diseases, to supply and growth of new vessels into the ischemic tissue. Recently, we and others performed autologous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cell or endothelial progenitor cell and gene therapy using hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in clinical trials. Autologous implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells or endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic limb or heart may induce blood flow and improve function in several pilot clinical studies. The regenerative potential of bone-marrow cells can be explained by any of four mechanisms, transdiffentiaion, cytokine-induced growth, stimulation of endogenous stem cells, and induction of cell fusion. Transdifferentiaion has been described by previous investigators and the concept has been called into question by recent experimental studies. In the pilot clinical study, similar improvements were seen in gene therapy using HGF in peripheral arterial diseases which might be more noninvasive. The clinical significance of the novel therapeutic approach might embrace the large number of patients with peripheral arterial diseases and with chronic coronary artery disease. And we need to figure out the strong angiogenic factor or specific differentiated progenitor cells for therapeutic angiogenesis in the study of bone marrow cell therapy. For the patients, we need to constitute a safe and effective strategy for achievement of therapeutic angiogenesis.
Antibodies against M. Bovis 65 KDa Heat Shock Protein and Its P180-188 Epitope in Sera of Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors:   Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Zlacka Denisa , Hromadnikova Ilona ,   Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Velek Jiri ,   Department of Biological Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Vavrincova Pavla ,   Rheumatology Outpatient Department, University Hospital Motol, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Published: December 2023

We screened the levels of antibodies to M. bovis hsp65 and the 180-188 epitope by using ELISA in a cohort of 72 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and 38 healthy controls. We analysed an association between antibody levels and rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, human leukocyte antigen B27 and the severity and the duration of the disease. The majority of anti-hsp65 antibodies in a cohort of JIA patients were of the IgG isotype (54.2 %) with IgM (13.9%) antibodies increased to a lesser degree. IgG antibodies to M. bovis hsp65 (P<0.001) and the 180-188 epitope (P<0.001) were significantly increased in all of three disease onset types when compared with healthy controls. The highest levels of IgG antibodies to M. bovis hsp65 and its P180-188 epitope were observed in oligoarthritis and in patients with no X-ray changes and functional limitation, while the lowest antibody levels were detected in patients with the most severe stage of articular damage. When antibody levels to M. bovis hsp65 and the 180-188 epitope were examined within patient and control populations, significantly higher levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to M. bovis hsp65 were observed in both JIA (P<0.001) and healthy control (P<0.001) cohorts. These findings may suggest that the high levels of IgG antibodies to M. bovis hsp65 and its P180-188 epitope would reflect the least serious cases of JIA. Since IgM antibodies to M. bovis hsp65 and P180-188 M. bovis hsp65 epitope exceeded the control level in a few patients with JIA we believe they are not of concern.
Genetic Studies of Bone Diseases: Evidence for Involvement of DNA Damage Response Proteins in Bone Remodeling
Authors:   The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Li Baojie , Wang Xueying
Published: December 2023

Bone remodeling is carried out by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived osteoblasts, which form the bones, and hematopoeitic stem cell derived osteoclasts, which absorb the bones. Their actions are coordinated in two ways: osteoblasts and their precursors synthesize and secrete cytokines such as RANKL and M-CSF to regulate osteoclastogenesis; bone resorption releases matrix associated TGF-β and BMPs to stimulate bone formation at the same sites. Recent studies on transgenic mouse models revealed that several proteins involved in the DNA damage response play important roles in bone remodeling. DNA damage response is triggered by double stranded DNA breaks, single stranded DNA breaks as well as other types of lesions, which recruit and activate Ser/Thr kinases such as Atm to the damaged sites, where Atm activates p53 to promote apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. Atm also activates c-Abl, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, to promote apoptosis. Studies from our and other laboratories have shown that c-Abl and Atm positively regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation and mice deficient for either of them show osteoporosis, whereas p53 negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation/differentiation and bone formation and the knockout mouse shows osteosclerosis. These three proteins have osteoblast autonomous effect without directly affecting osteoclast differentiation or resorption activity. Furthermore, they appear to regulate osteoblast differentiation through controlling the expression of osterix, an osteoblast specific transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation. These results establish a functional link between osteoblast differentiation and DNA damage response.
Post-operative Capsular Opacification: A review
Authors:   Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Raghudeep Eye Clinic, Gurukul Road, Memnagar, AHMEDABAD 380052, Gujarat. INDIA, Vasavada Abhay R. , Raj Shetal M. , Kaid Johar S. R , Vasavada Vaishali A. , Vasavada Viraj A.
Published: December 2023

Post-operative capsular opacification is a multifactorial physiological consequence of cataract surgery. Opacification involving the central posterior capsule has a significant impact on high and low contrast acuity and low contrast sensitivity. The assessment of Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) on cadaver eyes, experimental studies, culture models and in clinical studies has provided an understanding of its pathogenesis. The proliferation, migration and abnormal differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells and fibers in the capsular bag have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PCO. The incidence and severity of PCO correlates to the meticulous use of surgical techniques, IOL optic edge designs and IOL materials. This article summarizes the clinical studies with recommendations for retarding the development of central PCO. It discusses experiments with pharmacological agents broadly categorized as anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulating, antiproliferative, antiadhering, antitransdifferentiating agents for the prevention of PCO. These studies will remain critical for future endeavors undertaken for eradication of PCO.
From Folklore to Scientific Evidence: Breast- Feeding and Wet-Nursing in Islam and the Case of Non-Puerperal Lactation
Authors:   Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel18, 07743 Jena, Gilad Jacob , Moran Lia ,   The Centre for the Study of European Politics and Society, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva
Published: December 2023

Breast-feeding practice has an important medical and socio-cultural role. It has many anthropological aspects concerning the "power structures" that find their expression in breast-feeding and the practices that formed around it, both socially, scientifically, and legally-speaking. Breast-feeding has been given much attention by religions and taboos, folklore, and misconception abound around it making it a topic of genuine curiosity. This paper aims at expanding the spectrum of folklore associated with breast-feeding. The paper deals with historical, religious, and folkloristic aspects of breast-feeding, especially wet-nursing, in Islam and focuses on an intriguing Islamic tale on breast-feeding - lactation by non-pregnant women (or non-puerperal lactation). Apparently, accounts of non-puerperal lactation are not restricted to Islam but have been documented in various societies and religions throughout centuries. Two medical situations - hyperprolactinemia and induced lactation, appear as possible explanations for this phenomenon. This serves as an excellent example for the value of utilizing contemporary scientific knowledge in order to elucidate the origin, anthropology and evolvement of ancient myth and superstition.
Quantitative Analysis of the P65 Gene Expression in Patients with Coloroctal Cancer
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Łódź, Poland, Mirowski Marek , Balcerczak M. , Balcerczak E.
Published: December 2023

P65 gene expression level was determined in colon cancer cases by means of real-time PCR. 51 cases of colorectal carcinomas showing positive RT-PCR signals for P65 gene expression selected from 109 frozen samples were further investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. P65 levels were higher in cancer with metastases to lymph nodes and distant metastases. Higher levels were observed in more advanced cases classified as III and IV according to pTNM classification. In two groups of patients with vessel invasion and absence of lymphocytes in tumour tissue, the presence of P65 expression correlated with shorter survival time. Quantitative results confirmed that P65 gene expression in colon cancer is engaged in the process of metastasis formation and could be correlated with worse prognosis for the patients.
A European Dialogue on Strike Action
Authors: Batura Justine
Published: December 2023

With its decision in Humpert and others v Germany of 14 December 2023, the European Court of Human Rights settled a long-standing debate: The ban on strikes for German Civil Servants does not violate the rights under the European Convention on Human Rights. This decision ends the strategic litigating efforts of the applicants and their union to obtain the right to strike for the approximately 1.7 million civil servants in Germany. The judgment is also the culmination of an extraordinarily intense dialogue between Strasbourg and Karlsruhe.
La presencia permanente de machos cabríos sexualmente activos permite que las cabras ovulen todo el año
Authors: Delgadillo José Alberto , Hernández Horacio , Vielma Jesús
Published: December 2023

Las hembras y machos cabríos presentan estacionalidad sexual. En los machos cabríos, un tratamiento luminoso permite estimular su actividad sexual durante el periodo de reposo. Estos machos sexualmente activos (SA) son muy eficaces para estimular la actividad sexual de las hembras durante el anestro estacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la presencia permanente de los machos SA permite que las hembras ovulen todo el año. Tres grupos de machos (n = 4 cada uno) se expusieron a dos meses de días largos artificiales (16 h de luz por día) al combinar luz artificial y natural para estimular su actividad sexual de enero a junio. Otro grupo de machos (n = 4) se sometió a las variaciones naturales del fotoperiodo, y presentó intenso comportamiento sexual de julio a diciembre. Todos los machos se vasectomizaron para evitar gestaciones. A partir de enero, un grupo de hembras se puso en contacto con los machos que permanecieron bajo el fotoperiodo natural. El otro grupo se puso en contacto con los machos SA de enero a junio, y de julio a diciembre con los machos que permanecieron bajo el fotoperiodo natural. Las cabras en contacto con los machos sometidos al fotoperiodo natural mostraron estacionalidad ovulatoria muy marcada, y más de 80% ovularon solamente de agosto a febrero. En cambio, la estacionalidad ovulatoria de las cabrasen contacto con los machos SA se modificó, y más de 86% de las cabras ovularon todo el año. Estos resultados muestran que la actividad sexual de los machos es muy importante para evitar la estacionalidad ovulatoria de las cabras. Además, indican que el fotoperiodo y las relaciones sociosexuales permiten controlar de manera sostenible la reproducción de las cabras.
Efecto de la fertilización en el rendimiento, componentes del rendimiento y pureza de la semilla de zacate banderilla
Authors: González Domínguez Jorge R. , Betancourt Mota Rodolfo
Published: December 2023

La evaluación de campo se hizo en Navidad, N.L., en 1985. El objetivo fue conocer la respuesta de dos variedades (Chihuahua 75 y AN Selección 75) de zacate banderilla Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. sometidas a la fertilización con fósforo (P) y nitrógeno (N), en cuanto a producción y pureza de semiIla, así como peso de grano. El P se aplicó a 0 y 100 kg/ha y el N a 0, 40, 80 y 120 kg/ha. Se utilizó un arreglo de tratamientos factorial 2x2x4, con un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se registraron datos sobre rendimiento de semilla (espigas) y sus componentes, pureza (amarre de semilla o seed set) y peso de grano (1000 granos). La variedad AN Selección 75 produjo más semilla, más culmos por metro de surco y más espigas por culmo que Chihuahua 75, la cual fue superior para peso de espiga. Tanto la producción de semilla como el número de culmos se incrementaron con 40 y 80 kg/ha de N. El número de espigas por culmo aumentó con 40 kg/ha de N, sin mayores incrementos con 80 y 120 kg/ha. El peso de espiga, para Chihuahua 75, se acentuó con 40 y 80 kg/ha de N, pero solamente con 120 kg/ha en la otra variedad.  El P incrementó ligeramente el número de culmos y el peso de espiga. AN Selección 75 produjo más granos por gramo de espigas, aunque no superaron en peso a los de Chihuahua 75. El N incrementó aparentemente el número de granos pero no el peso de los mismos por gramo de espiga. Chihuahua 75 superó en peso de 1000 granos a AN Selección 75 sin afectar a esta característica el P o el N. Se concluyó que el número de racimos es el componente más importante del rendimiento de semilla, que el N incrementa el número de racimos y que Chihuahua 75 es mejor opción que AN Selección 75.
Survie entrepreneuriale en temps continu de crise : une approche par les risques proportionnels (cas de la Tunisie)
Authors: JAZIRI Raouf , ALIOUAT Boualem
Published: December 2023

Our paper helps to identify the determinants of entrepreneurial survival in continuous times of crisis. We study, from the proportional risk model of Cox (1972), the case of 424 companies newly created before the Tunisian revolution of 2011. Our results show that the main factors of entrepreneurial survival relate to the company itself and its environment. This work encourages the development of support systems for entrepreneurship, dynamics of entrepreneurial territorialization, incubation, incentive for network innovation and acceleration of the dynamics of actor-projects, and finally, financial and banking inclusion in favor of the survival potential of young entrepreneurs.
Les effets du contexte de crise sur les exportations de vin : Étude exploratoire auprès des exportateurs français
Authors: FOUED Cheriet , MAUREL Carole
Published: December 2023

This exploratory work aims to analyze the effects of rules implemented in reaction to three events (Covid 19, Brexit, Trump taxes) on French wine exports and the ability of firms to adapt to crisis context. Four main results were obtained : first, strong pressure on exports was caused by internal markets conditions. Then, as a whole, exporters seem to have held up well in terms of market and customers, but experiment a certain decline in margins. The effects of the health crisis and Trump taxes seem greater than the Brexit which was anticipated. Finally, the wineries have shown real adaptation-resilience facing this context.
Fertility and nuptiality changes in Central and Eastern Europe: 1982-1993
Authors: Macura Miroslav
Published: December 2023

Central and east European countries are in the midst of a major demographic change, that for the most part appears to have been brought about by the on-going political, economic and social transformation of these countries. The strength of the change varies considerably across the counties, quite likely as a consequence of the variations in the depth and breadth of the transformation and the attitude of the people towards it. It appears that, at least, a few years will elapse before the demographers studying these countries will be able to draw a relatively comprehensive picture of the demographic developments in these countries since the turn of the 1980s. This paper seeks to contribute to this picture by documenting changes over time in fertility and first marriage in more than half of the transition countries, which appear to have been associated with the transformation under way. The analysis focuses on the time patterns in the levels and timing of overall fertility and first marriage among women during 1982-1993. It does not seek to explain how the various aspects of the transformation might have influenced those patterns; this would require a separate analysis. Having included in the analysis several years prior to the onset of the transformation, we seek to answer the following questions: What were the nature, timing and magnitude of the changes in overall fertility and first marriage, which are respectively measured by the period total fertility rate and the period total first marriage rate? Were the changes in first marriage accompanied by those in non-marital cohabitation? Although interesting in its own right, this question is addressed as a side issue due to data limitations, by looking at the proportions of extramarital births. And lastly, were the shifts in overall fertility and first marriage accompanied by those in their timing, as measured by the mean age of childbearing and the mean age at entry into first marriage, respectively? The analysis is cast within a broader European context by making comparisons between the countries with economies in transition and selected European countries with market economies.
Stavovi o reprodukciji stanovništva u delima Svetozara Markovića
Authors: Kuburović Ankica
Published: December 2023

Svetozar Marković eksplicira stav da se reprodukcija stanovništva analizira kao važno društveno pitanje. U "teoriji o umnožavanju ljudstva", koja je nastala kao kritika Maltusovih teorijskih shvatanja, polazište čini razmatranje odnosa demografskog rasta i ekonomskog i tehnološkog razvoja.

U skladu sa socijalističkim i marksističkim shvatanjima Marković analizira komponente i dinamiku rasta stanovništva i determinističku osnovu modela reprodukcije. Demografski rast jedne populacije treba da bude ekonomski racionalan, ali isto tako treba da se store uslovi humanizacije reprodukcije stanovništva. Proces emancipacije žene, kao subjekta rađanja, poboljšanje njenog socijalnog statusa u ekonomskom, političkom i kulturnom smislu, uz akcenat na jačanje procesa obrazovanja predstavljaju polaznu osnovu za staranje humanijih uslova reprodukovanja populacije. U složenom determinističkom spletu nivoa rađanja prožima se uticaj demografskih, ekonomskih, socijalnih, socijalno-psiholoških i sociokulturnih činilaca.

Sa aspekta problema preobimnog rađanja stanovništva ključnu ulogu imaju proces obrazovanja i emancipacija zene. To su sociokulturni činioci čije bi delovanje trebalo da omogući smanjivanje nivoa rađanja.
IV međunarodna godišnja konferencija JUNIR: Etnički, religijski i konfesionalni odnosi na Balkanu
Authors: Petrović Mina
Published: December 2023

Nema.
EFEKTIVITAS SENAM YOGA DENGAN KOLABORASI UAP MINYAK KAYU PUTIHPADA LANSIA DENGAN ASMA BRONKHIAL
Authors: Reski Harjuansa  , Dinasti Pudang Binoriang
Published: December 2023

Asma adalah suatu gangguan inflamasi saluran pernapasan dengan kategori kronik. Gangguan ini yang merupakan penyebab dari peningkatan hipperresponshif jalan napas yang ditandai dengan suara pernapasan yaitu suara wheezing, kesulitan dalam bernapas, terasa berat dibagian dada, dan disertai atau terkadang batuk, kondisi ini terjadi pada malam hari atau pada saat menjelang di pagi hari. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji efektivitas senam yoga dengan kolaborasi uap minyak kayu putihpada lansia dengan asma bronkhial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan yaitu case report yang dilakukan selama 3 hari dengan 3 sesi pemberian edukasi dengan senam yoga untuk penderita asma dengan kolaborasi aromatheraphy minyak kayu putih. Hasil penelitian dari studi kasus yang sudah dilakukan dalam meningkatkan kesiapan manajemen kesehatan terkait penyakit yang diderita selama 3 kali kunjungan didapatkan adanya perkembangan yang lebih baik terhadap pasien akan pengetahuan dalam menanggulangi dan pencegahan asma dengan senam asma dan aromatheraphy minyak kayu putih. Pemberian intervensi terkait manajemen kesehatan dengan senam asma yang dikolaborasikan dengan aromatheraphy minyak kayu putih dan uap air panas didapatkan adanya peningkatan kesiapan lansia dalam manajemen kesehatan. Pasien mampu dalam melakukan senam yoga khusus penderita asma dan pasien juga dapat melakukan menghirup uap minyak kayu putih dengan uap air panas.
HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MENCUCI TANGAN MENGGUNAKAN AIR BERSIH DAN SABUN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM TIFOID PADA ANAK USIA 7-12 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MANTANG
Authors: David Maulana Abdurraman Qudus  , I Gede Angga Adnyana  , Hardinata  , Herlinawati
Published: December 2023

Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit infeksi akut pada saluran pencernaan yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhi. Faktor risiko penyebaran terjadinya  demam tifoid dapat terjadi melalui berbagai cara, salah satunya dikenal dengan 5F yaitu (food, finger, fomitus, fly, feces). Aspek mencuci tangan menggunakan air bersih dan sabun sangatlah penting, kebiasaan mencuci tangan harus dibiasakan sedini mungkin agar tidak terjadinya kejadian-kejadian klinis yang tidak diinginkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan mencuci tangan menggunakan air bersih dan sabun dengan kejadian demam tifoid di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mantang. Desain penelitian ini yaitu observasional analitik dengan pendekatan rancangan case control. Teknik pengambilan sampel non probability sampling dengan pendekatan purposive sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2023. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mantang Kabupaten Lombok tengah. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 50 responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square. Batas nilai signifikasi adalah (p-value < 0,05). Hasil dari penelitian pada karakteristik responden didominasi berjenis kelamin perempuan (58,0%), berada pada rentang usia 10 dan 12 tahun tahun (32,0%), memiliki kebiasaan mencusi tangan yang baik (60,0%), dan kejadian demam tifoid maupun tidak demam tifoid sebesar (50,0%). Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan p-value sebesar 0,000 (p-value < 0,005) memiliki arti terdapat hubungan yang bermakna atau adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara kebiasaan mencuci tangan menggunakan air bersih dan sabun dengan kejadian demam tifoid. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan mencuci tangan menggunakan air bersih dan sabun dengan kejadian demam tifoid di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mantang.
Etika Keilmuan: Sarana Berpikir Ilmiah
Authors: Ratna Mitasari  , Mukhlis Imam
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari literature review jurnal ini untuk membahas dan memahami tentang etika sarana berfikir ilmiah yang meliputi pengertian sarana berfikir ilmiah, etika Bahasa yang digunakan dalam sarana penelitian dan juga sistematika sebagai sarana berfikir ilmiah.  Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan literature review yang bersumber dari jurnal nasional dan juga buku tentang etika sarana berpikir ilmiah. Hasil dari pembahasan ini mengungkapkan bahwa sarana berpikir ilmiah sebagai alat yang membantu kegiatan ilmiah dalam berbagai langka yang harus ditempuh. Untuk dapat melakukan kegiatan berpikir ilmiah dengan baik maka diperlukan sarana berupa bahasa, logika, matematika, dan statistika
Coğrafi İşaretlerde Denetim Etkinliğini Artırma Yöntemleri
Authors: DOKUZLU Sertaç , SÖYLER İrem
Published: December 2023

Çalışmanın amacı günümüzde tescil ve başvuru sayıları hızla artan ancak, pek çoğu denetim sorunları dolayısı ile uygulamaya konulamayan coğrafi işaretlerde denetimi etkin hale getirmenin ve denetim maliyetlerini düşürmenin yöntemlerini sunmaktır. Araştırma birincil ve ikincil veriler yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denetim maliyetlerinin hesaplanmasında örnek olay olarak ele alınan ürünlerin coğrafi işaret tescilini yaptıran kurumların kayıtları dikkate alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda denetimlerde saha çalışmalarından elde edilen veri ve gözlemler de araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Coğrafi işaretlerde izlenebilir bir sistem kurulması ve denetimin düzenli ve doğru bir şekilde uygulanması ile ürün adının haksız kullanımı önlenmekte, firmaların pazar payında artış yaşanmakta ve/veya coğrafi işaretli ürünler daha yüksek fiyattan alıcı bulabilmektedir. Ancak denetimin etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebilmesi için öncelikle hatalı/eksik tescil belgelerinin revize edilmesi gerekmektedir. Denetlenemeyecek ya da analiz bedelleri yüksek ve analiz süreleri uzun denetim kriterleri belirlenmesinden kaçınılmalıdır. Özellikle Bursa Siyah İnciri gibi çabuk bozulabilen ve hızlı bir şekilde pazara sevk edilmesi gereken ürünlerde sahada kullanılabilen portatif analiz cihazları seçilmelidir. Gemlik Zeytini gibi zeytin havuzlarından ürün çekilerek yıl boyunca piyasaya arz edilebilen ürünlerde denetim sıklığının fazla olması gerektiği için özellikle temel analizlerin yapılabileceği küçük bir laboratuvar kurulması hem denetimlerdeki analiz maliyetlerini düşürmekte hem de denetim etkinliğini artırarak kaliteyi garanti altına almaktadır. Mustafakemalpaşa peynir tatlısı gibi işlenen ürünlerde ise prosesin yıl boyunca birden fazla denetlenmesi ve her denetimde firmaların analiz sürecine dâhil edilmesi denetimlerin daha etkin bir şekilde ilerlemesini sağlamaktadır.
Timeline Binder: A Caption-based Approach for Creating Semantic Video Timeline
Authors: Majeed Muhammad Faran , Zeb Alam , Saeed Khalid , Abu Bakar Rana , Hussain Sadam
Published: December 2023

Video is an important type of multimedia which has myriad characteristics such as richer content and little prior structure. Major applications such as surveillance, medicine, education, entertainment, and sports heavily use videos. Internet protocol video is dominating the World’s Internet traffic. Large number of videos are made and uploaded daily. Looking for topics of one’s interest in these videos is a cumbersome task. Mostly, people are only interested in small portions of videos as opposed to the whole video. It is better to look for small but related segments of interest. Our proposed system Timeline Binder is an attempt to tackle this problem. For Timeline Binder, we have created our own dataset of online videos with subtitles. Based on those subtitles’ files, a concept vector is obtained. If a concept vector has a match for a user’s query tag, then timed segments for all related videos to that matched concept in the concept vector are combined into a single timeline thus making all related segments into a single video. In this research, we present performance measurements between Timeline Binder and other available applications such as Google2SRT and NR8. The results show that Timeline Binder performs better than Google2SRT and NR8.