bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Differences in The Effectiveness of Indonesian Bay Leaves and Cucumbers in Elderly with Hypertension
Authors: Hasliani Hasliani , N Nerry Endah
Published: May 2021

During the last 10 years, it is estimated that there has been a significant increase in hypertension patients, which has contributed to the death of approximately 8 million people annually worldwide. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effectiveness of Indonesian bay leaves solution and cucumbers in elderly with hypertension at Puskesmas Moncobalang, Gowa Regency in 2019. The research method was quantitative with Quasi Experimental design and Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test on Indonesian bay leaves solution with a value of Pvalue 0,005 <0,05, this means that Ho has been rejected and Ha has been accepted. The average pretest score of 3,80 is smaller than the average posttest score of 1,80. Thus, there is the effectiveness of boiled Indonesian bay leaves solution in elderly with hypertension. Likewise, the Wilcoxon statistical test results on cucumbers showed a value of Pvalue 0,004 <0,05, this means that Ho has been rejected and Ha has been accepted. The means of blood pressure pretest is 3,80 which is smaller than the posttest average value of 2,50. This research inferred that the juiced cucumber is effective in treating elderly with hypertension. In conclusion, there is no difference in effectiveness between boiled Indonesian bay leaves solution and juiced cucumber in treating elderly with hypertension at Moncobalang Health Center, Gowa Regency.
NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF CONVENTION ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE CASPIAN SEA
Authors:   Baku State University master, Rashadat Majidli Jamila
Published: May 2021

This article is dedicated for the analysis of the Convention on ‘Legal Status of the Caspian Sea’ concluded on August 12th, 2018 between the coastal States of the Caspian Sea. The exclusive rights and new opportunities issued to the parties, and alternative resolution to the question ‘sea or lake’ which has been getting on international dispute are researched throughout the Article. However, some issues arisen before the Convention have not been resolved yet. The research states possible solutions for these issues and clarifies indefinite circumstances not reflected in the Convention. In this paper, contradictions existing within the provisions of the Convention and discrepancies occurred between the clauses and the practice are searched. This Article has been prepared on the basis of the analysis of the articles of the Convention on ‘Legal Status of the Caspian Sea’ and the comparison of the current situation with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS- 1982). Key words: Caspian Sea, special legal status, international disputes, delimitation, implementation of the strategical projects
Glass Ceiling Effect and Women Career: Determining factors in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Farhat Abbas  , Nargis Abbas  , Uzma Ashiq
Published: May 2021

The glass ceiling is a vertical segregation of women from top positions and hinders women's advancement in organizations at top positions. The study was focused to investigate the effect of the determining factors on the glass ceiling in the career advancement of women in HEIs. The study was quantitative and a multistage sampling technique was used to draw the population sample of the study. Total 154 faculty members from three public sector universities were selected. To achieve the research objectives, descriptive statistics, test of independence, and multiple regression analysis were applied to investigate the significant predictors of the glass ceiling effect. The results revealed that there was an association between the gender of the faculty member and the designation. Further, the factors "Perceived discrimination" (β = .134, p < .01) and "Male dominating culture' (β = .295, p < .001) were found the significantly determined the glass ceiling. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that to control the glass ceiling effect for women, HEIs must include the blind review-based promotion and selection criteria at least for top management positions.
Scientific Review of Hazrat Hassan Basri's Teaching (An Analytical Study)
Authors: Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ibrar Ullah  , Dr. Hashmat Begum  , Prof. Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Inam Ullah
Published: May 2021

Hazrat Hassan Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) had the privilege of being born in a time which was a glorious time. He was brought up in the pure society of Madinah. His family consisted of his father, mother, and brother. He listened to the sermons of HazratUsman and had the good fortune to see many of the Companions. And stayed with them as a student. He was one of the most beautiful people in Basra. Let them take their children to seek knowledge. Hazrat Hassan Basri(may Allah have mercy on him)  used to urge his disciples to ask questions about the issues which they do not know because those who give up the demand for knowledge due to revival wear the garment of ignorance. Imam Hassan Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) is a grammar expert. He used to say, "Learn knowledge to know religions, and learn medicine for eloquence, and learn grammar for language. Among your teachers is Abu Barza." Aslami, Ahmar, Ahnaf bin Qais, Osama bin Zayd, Jundab bin Abdullah Famous students include Rabi 'ibnSabih, AyasibnMu'awiyah, and Sulayman.
The Effect of EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking on their Skill of Interpreting Information as Reflected in their Writing
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Din  , Dr. Riaz Hussain  , Sana Tahir
Published: May 2021

A good thinker distinguishes his interpretations from evidence, considers alternative interpretations, and reconsiders them under following the changed conditions and new evidence. Critical thinking enables and helps students to evaluate, judge, and make choices regarding everyday information so that they may obtain, believe and use the information to take action accordingly. This quantitative study aims to know EFL learners’ attitude towards critical thinking skills of interpreting information and the effect of EFL learners’ critical thinking on their skill of interpreting information with specific reference to their critical writing. The present study also aims to explore how m and universities any universities foreign language learners reflect critical thinking ability in writing skills while interpreting information. The researcher has used three research tools to this end. These research tools include critical thinking inventory (CTI), Watson-Glazer’s (2002) critical thinking test for interpreting information (CTII), and critical writing test (CWT). The subjects of the present study are the B.Sc. (Bachelor Level) students from different colleges. The results of this study demonstrate that university students have a very positive attitude towards critical thinking skills interpreting information but their performance in reflecting critical thinking in the critical writing test does not match with the attitude towards critical thinking skills of interpreting information.  This study also makes some academic implications for the development of EFL learners’ critical thinking particularly in the context of Pakistan.
Tess as a Kaleidoscope of Socially Constructed Images in Tess of the D'urbervilles
Authors: Romana Jabeen Bukhari  , Tahira Asgher  , Safia Parveen
Published: May 2021

This study aims to examine the Victorian novel Tess of the D'urbervilles to explore the general social construction of women which prescribes images and roles for them and moulds them accordingly. The researcher selected Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles, which portrays the plight of women in Victorian England. This qualitative study makes a thorough analysis of the female protagonist who is exploited by the social prescription of her identity and concludes that the female figure is no more than the kaleidoscopic images of hers drawn by others. The study applies the concept of social construction with feministic insight. It hints that women cannot attain full potential until they and society establish their existential rights as empowered and independent human beings. It points out that the resistance against the dominant patriarchal ideologies endows women with a new image and identity, and ensures the possibilities to break away from social prescription.
Scale to Measure the Determining Factors for Reporting Wrongdoings in the Public Sector Universities
Authors: Nargis Abbas  , Uzma Ashiq  , Maria Yaqoob
Published: May 2021

Reporting wrongdoing is significant to the effectiveness of the organization, however, is a challenging task. The objective of this study was to contribute to the research by identifying the determining factors that influence the decision of a faculty member to report unethical behavior in the public sector universities. Further, to develop the validated scales to measure such factors. To achieve these objectives, this research study adopted a two-phase, exploratory sequential mixed method research design. A multistage sampling technique was used and a sample of 300 faculty members from four public sector universities of the Punjab were selected. The first part of the study was a qualitative phase to explore the dimensions by using semi-structured interviews and a focused group discussion method in which five dimensions were explored. With a 42-item Whistle-blowing Procedure Questionnaire was created. In the second phase, in the quantitative phase, six factors connected to the theoretical constructs of decision of reporting wrongdoings/whistle-blowing were explored in the scale construction and validation process by using exploratory factor analysis.
Effectiveness of Leadership Role in Taking Accountability Measures for School Improvement in Punjab
Authors: Ishra Batool  , Dr. Seema Arif  , Muhammad Nadeem
Published: May 2021

There is little research on the school principal leadership role for monitoring and evaluating school performance, while Pakistan being the signatory of Sustainable Development Goals, is committed to achieving quality education. Planned changes are undergoing in the governance structures (school accountability) affecting schools in general, particularly school principals. The province of Punjab has excelled in implementing School Reform Roadmap (a whole school improvement program) and conducting a monthly assessment to monitor and evaluate Literacy and Numeracy Drive (LND), an initiative to measure 3rd graders' educational attainment.  This research was conducted to review how the leadership role impacts achieving policy-mandated initiatives (LND) for schools' improvement. A case study method was opted for exploring the opinions of school principals from one district of Punjab. A self-constructed questionnaire comprising closed-ended items was used to get opinions from 194 elementary and primary school principals, while were interviewed to get detailed insight into barriers to school improvement and suggestion for better monitoring and evaluation. The case concludes that the participative leadership style is more prevalent among school principals, but the delegative style is more effective for school improvement.  Most of the infrastructural facilities are now available in schools, but unfortunately, computer lab and computer teachers are not available in most primary and elementary schools, which is the necessity of LND. The results inform that student attendance is still problematic for schools, and this challenge alone can negatively affect School Sector Reform goals.
Evil in Human Nature and its Reflections in Society: With Reference to 'Lord of the Flies' by Golding
Authors: Nasim Ullah Khan  , Syed Qasim Shah  , Muhammad Bilal
Published: May 2021

The study investigates the fact that man is evil by nature and this evil surfaces itself when it finds favorable circumstances. These favorable circumstances make themselves available in the removal of societal rules and parental control. Golding connects the evil nature of man to the Original Sin, when Adam did something sinful by violating the command of God in the Garden of Eden. When the boys feel that they are free from parental control and there is no check of the teachers, they start to violate rules on the Island and even go to the extent of killing each other and there is a reversion to barbarism. In the beginning, the boys behave rationally as they have recently been coming from a civilized society but with the time they regress to savagery and barbarism, they feel themselves above the law free from societal disciplines. The study is significantly significant in the sense that it familiarizes the readers with the psyche of human beings who will, consequently, be conscious of their actions. The methodology used for the article is qualitative. The framework used for the paper is thematic. The paper finds out that human being is evil by nature as a result of which there is mischief and evil deeds in society performed by man.
Promotional Policies and Its Impact Over the Performance of High School Teachers (HSTs) Of Public Secondary Schools at District Badin
Authors: Zuhra Ghulam Muhammad  , Khalid Hussain Abbasi  , Ashfaque Ali Banbhan
Published: May 2021

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the promotional policies and their impact on the performance of High School Teachers (HSTs) of public secondary schools of district Badin. To conduct this research both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Primary data were collected through interviews and a self-administered questionnaire survey. 206 HSTs talked about their, experiences, ideas, they provided valuable comments and feedback to accomplish this study. Moreover, secondary data were collected from official documents such as official promotion policy papers. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used. The quantitative data were analyzed through SPSS-version 20, whereas; qualitative data were analyzed through the Miles & Huberman Model of qualitative data analysis. Findings indicate that HSTs lack basic information about promotion policies as a result they do not get promotions on time. Besides, there are frequent changes in the promotion eligibility criteria at the policymakers' end. However, it was noticed that promotions are being done on a merit basis (but are delayed promotions) following necessary (fair) procedures in the district. The causes of delayed promotions are negligence of accountable officials, poor government policies regarding promotions, bribes demand by clerical staff, and also the inattentiveness of teachers in submitting their documents. The bottom line is HSTs are completely not aware of the exact promotion policies, they lack information that when their promotions are due. Therefore, HSTs of district Badin must be properly educated about the promotion criteria, procedure and policies. Training on promotions and policies must be given to them so that every individual teacher could be aware of the promotions and policies.
Recontextualization of Ideologies: A Critical Study of Tabooed Representation in Pakistani TV Dramas
Authors: Dr. Shaista Zeb  , Dr. Ubaidullah Khan  , Muhammad Ajmal
Published: May 2021

Taboo is a religiously and socially prohibited practice. In a society, known for its conservative approach and attitude, several subjects have long not been discussed in a public discourse. This study explores how the media revolution of the 21st century is changing this situation by compromising and recontextualizing these taboos, as depicted through a text or talk. In recent years, the country's private TV industry has depicted some highly unpleasant topics in its dramas. The critical perspective of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe (1985) probes deeply into the discourse of TV dramas to uncover the hidden ideologies behind the words in broader social and cultural contexts. To show this change, this study analyzes six Pakistani dramas dealing with hitherto tabooed topics to reveal the pros and cons of the growing ideological trends in Pakistani TV Dramas. First, the study outlines the significance of drama in shaping and recontextualizing ideologies. Second, it outlines certain salient taboo features applicable to almost every play. Finally, it suggests a few improvements in a bid to make things better.
Male Chauvinism in Afghan Society: An Analysis of A Thousand Splendid Suns
Authors: Dr. Waheed Ahmad Khan  , Dr. Shaukat Ali  , Mr. Gul Zamin Khan
Published: May 2021

The paper is an attempt to analyze the dominant role of the male community in Afghan society.  Western Feminists such as Judith Butler claim that all women face the same problems. However, their claim is challenged by Chandra Talpade Mohanty (1991) who is of the view that the claim of universal sisterhood is based on ethnocentricity. This paper analyses the inferior status of women in the patriarchal system of Afghanistan where people live under their cultural code called Pashtunwali. Pashtunwali assigns an active role to the male community under their privileged status while women are restricted to homes.  In this society, a man has to be rigid, authoritative and must keep women under his iron hands.  A man of weak nerves has no respect in Afghan society; he has to be strong enough to protect the honor of his family.  The study is based on textual analysis of Khaled Hosseini's novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, in the light of Mohanty's views (1991).  Hosseini (2008) criticizes the marginalized status of women in Afghan society. Though the Afghan society is influenced by globalization which gives some space to women for social activities, male chauvinism remains the main feature of Pashtun culture wherein people are ruled by a male-oriented code of conduct called Pashtunwali.
Improving ESL Learners’ Comprehension through Motivational Synergy
Authors: Marya Sarwar  , Dr. Rubina Masum  , Sadia Gondal
Published: May 2021

The present study focuses on the use of Motivational Synergy as means to ameliorate the comprehension of ESL Learners at various campuses of the University of Education. The study is correlational. The survey method was adopted to carry out the research.  A convenient purposive sampling technique was used to collect the sample which is comprised of 100 public sector university students including 33% males and 67% females studying in the M.A. English program. This study focused on reading comprehension and listening comprehension. The results show that bottom-up training had a negative impact on comprehension. In contrast, top-down training positively affected fluency but had no impact on comprehension. Further, the results do suggest that fast-paced reading may potentially lead to improved comprehension. These findings have implications for the type of language instruction used in classrooms and, therefore, for teachers of adult ESL learners.
The Juxtaposition of Antithetical Forces in the Fault in Our Stars by John Green
Authors: Sarwat Javed  , Qamar Hussain  , Asima Abdul-Rehman
Published: May 2021

This research paper seeks to study the juxtaposition of antithetical forces in the text The Fault in Our Stars penned down by John Green. The research centers on the characters' quest for finding an answer to the meaninglessness, attempts for filling the void, facticity, existential angst, and ultimate despair in the framework of the philosophy of 'Existentialism' posited by Jean-Paul Sartre. All the major characters in the novel are cancer patients, living a dismal and distressing life under the looming shadow of death. In an existential vein, the protagonists set out on a journey of self-exploration and choose to eke out a momentary optimism from their pessimistic situations. While battling with the terminal disease, Hazel Grace Lancaster and Augustus Waters engage in an emotional liaison that becomes a redeeming force in their traumatized existence. This research will study how love becomes a life force, an antithetical force juxtaposed with death and devastation. The transience becomes an impetus of change from despair to fulfillment as the protagonists experience infinity in an ephemeral togetherness and find a meaning of life in empathy and love.
Critical Thinking Skills Development: Secondary School Science Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Muhammad Jamil  , Dr. Yaar Muhammad  , Dr. Naima Qureshi
Published: May 2021

This multiple case study aimed to develop an understanding of science teachers’ interpretations and enacted practices about policy documents’ recommendations for developing critical thinking skills among secondary students in public schools. Four public secondary schools were selected through the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected in three different phases. First, four education policy documents, including National Education Policy (2009) and National Curriculum for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology Grades IX-X (2006), were analyzed. In the second phase, 12 science teachers from four public schools (3 from each school teaching Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) were interviewed. Besides, these 12 science teachers were observed (every six times) while teaching in a real-life context through video-recorded classroom observations and reflective field notes. With the facilitation of NVivo 11, qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from all sources. The findings revealed that critical thinking was emphasized in all policy documents, and different pedagogical practices for developing critical thinking were suggested to be used in science classrooms. Analysis of interview data revealed that teachers had some awareness about critical thinking. Furthermore, the classroom observations revealed that they were mainly using the lecture method with some other pedagogies without focusing on critical thinking. A top-down change is also recommended for the implementation of the policies. The assessment system might also be revised, focusing on critical thinking skills development.
An Understanding of the Students’ Perception about COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impacts on Pakhtun Society
Authors: Jan Alam  , Akhtar Munir  , Nauman Tahir
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 Pandemic has different effects on society. Its effects have been differently perceived by different classes; one such important class is the university students because they play an important role in the development of a society. To explore their perception, this article used an interpretive approach to understand its impacts on education, the economy, and socio-cultural practices. The researchers used in-depth open-ended interviews for data collection. The sample size of the study consisted of twenty-four students i.e. six each from FATA University, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Preston University, and University of Peshawar. The primary data were analyzed by using the thematic analysis technique. The results reveal that there are divergent beliefs and superstitions about the prevention and presence of coronavirus. These included conspiracies about physicians and hospitals as death houses, and social distancing being a violation of cultural norms and values. The major impacts are observed on education, economy, psychological wellbeing, and socio-cultural practices. This study provides a roadmap for policymakers and future scholars to understand socio-cultural, educational, economic, and psychological problems that emerged due to COVID-19 Pandemic.
Hurdles in the Transformation of Peace Process: Indicators for Universities in Pakistan
Authors: Farah Latif Naz  , Khalid Khurshid  , Javed Iqbal
Published: May 2021

The present article represents the most operational and implacable indicators for the transformation of peace in the universities of Pakistan. The main objective of the study is to find out the major hurdles that educational institutions are facing in the way of the development peace culture. Furthermore, this study provides the highlights for the peace development in the universities. The qualitative analysis was used to collect the opinions of the respondents. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was designed for the public university heads/chairman of different social sciences departments. Moreover, the data were analyzed with NVIVO that used for the in-depth thematic analysis and presents in the form of a word cloud (MADQDA 18). The study findings, however, show that the universities are facing different dimensions that are related to teacher competency, student behaviors, and social influences. The study further recommended, that according to the indicators there is a need to plan flexible and operational strategies to overcome the hurdles that are creating unrest in the educational institutions, there is space to work on teachers and students relationship, develop moral and valued based class environment and involve students in creative and productive activities for the peaceful setting in the present phenomena.
Teaching Action Research through Action Research at Higher Education in Pakistan: Experiences from the Field
Authors: Haji Karim Khan  , Farah Deeba  , Zunaira Fatima Syeda
Published: May 2021

In this paper, I[1], as a teacher educator and researcher, present the findings of my action research with two teachers in facilitating them carrying out their action research projects in classrooms in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The data for the study came from reflective journals, semi-structured interviews, field notes, lesson observations, and reports. The findings of the study show that action research is one of the most effective strategies for the professional development of teacher educators and teachers yet it is a challenging process. Field reality and dynamics make an action research project challenging yet responsive to the needs. A three stage-model surfaced from the project in the context of planning and executing action research in schools. The paper concludes with certain implications and questions for policymakers, schools, and teacher educators to use action research as a strategy in pre-and in-service teacher education programs in Pakistan or elsewhere in a similar context.
Exploring Healthy life Style of University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Azmat Ali  , Dr. Farooq Hussain  , Muhammad Shah
Published: May 2021

University is a critical stage of life in which students are more likely to engage in unhealthy health behaviors such as physical inactivity, stress, and bad dietary habits. Health-promoting behaviors are an important component of a healthy lifestyle and have been reported as a key factor in sustaining and improving one's health. This study aimed to determine the healthy and unhealthy lifestyles of students in KPK universities by gender and location. In total, 384 university students took part in the study, with 200 authentic and fully completed questionnaires used to determine the overall sample. Data was gathered from six universities in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Males made up the majority of participants (109, 54.2 percent), while females made up the rest (91, 45.3 percent). The findings revealed that the causes had a significant effect on the health of university students. Adherence to guidelines for physical activity and healthy eating habits was found to be insufficient among students.
Toxic Elements in River Sediments: Case Study Elbe and Its Tributaries
Authors: Borovec Zdeněk
Published: May 2021

Concentrations of 34 chemical elements in river sediments of Elbe and its tributaries were determined with help of instrumental neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and some other specialized methods. Only particles smaller than 0.063 mm were examined. The results were compared with the local geochemical background. River sediments showed significantly high share of silver, gold, cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc, lead, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, and tin. Sediments of Vltava, Jizera, Bílina, and Ploučnice rivers are the most polluted ones; on the other hand, Cidlina, Doubrava, and Chrudimka rank among the cleanest rivers. The degree of urbanization and industrialization play an important role, as well as the use of agricultural fertilizers. The influence of increased denudation as a result of acid pollutants has been recorded on some places, too.
Land Use Changes in the Czech Republic 1845 - 1995: Main Trends and Some Broader Consequences
Authors: Jeleček Leoš
Published: May 2021

The paper outlines the periodization of land use structural development on the Czech territory in between 1845 and 1995. It aims to demonstrate how does the land use structural changes reflect phases of the social, economic, and political development, as well as some ecological changes. Basic information on the research project on detailed long-term land use development are presented. Tables containing original data are included.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ATTENDANCE TO EARLY CHIDHOOD EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN MALAYSIA: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND MORBIDITY SURVEY (MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH) 2016
Authors: Sooryanarayana Rajini , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Abdul Manaf Rosliza , Mohammad Nik Mazlina , Ibrahim Wong Norazizah , Ahmad Noor Ani , Ying Chan Ying , Sahril Norhafizah , Abd Wahab Nor'Ain , Nik Shahein Nik Adilah , Aris Tahir
Published: May 2021

The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2016 was a nationwide cross-sectional survey focusing on maternal and child health. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of, and factors associated with early childhood educational program (ECE) attendance among children aged three to five years in Malaysia. Attendance to ECE has been shown to enhance children’s development, yet there is no national information on ECE attendance in Malaysia, where attendance is not compulsory for children below five years. Parents were interviewed face-to-face utilising a validated questionnaire from the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey using mobile devices.  Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ECE attendance. Half (53.4%) of children aged three to five years in Malaysia attend ECE. Older children aged four to five were six times more likely to attend ECE than children three to four years. Malaysian children of Chinese ethnicity were thrice as likely than ethnic Malays to attend ECE. Children with access to >3 children’s books were twice more likely to attend ECE than those who had access to <3 books. Unemployed mothers were less likely to send their children to ECE than mothers employed in civil service. More awareness on the importance and benefits of ECE attendance on children’s development is necessary so that younger children benefit from ECE.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE DOMAINS ON URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI) AMONG BURAPHA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN CHONBURI, THAILAND
Authors: Selamat Neni Widiasmoro , Martinez Kenneth Paul , Subrain Gaiyathre , Auamnoy Titinun
Published: May 2021

A study was done to describe awareness, knowledge and attitude level on Urinary Tract Infection among university students of Burapha University, Thailand. Cross-sectional study was conducted with the use of self-modified questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic questions and AKA domains. Total of 91 respondents (male students n=13 and female n=76) aged 19 years old participated. The total AKA level was found to be in high category (75.86 ± 13.81) and between the domains, Attitude (70.00 ± 13.28) is categorized as positive, followed by both Knowledge (57.24 ± 15.94) and Awareness (39.37 ± 13.01) which is categorized as moderate. Correlation between Awareness-Attitude was found significant at p=0.003. After the adjustment of covariates, female gender was found to have the strongest relationship compared to other covariates and all independent factors combined accounted 14.8% of variability in Total AKA. The sociodemographic factors’ of the students influenced the level of AKA and female gender have found to have be best predictor for Total AKA on UTI. Thus, this research has provided ample findings to further formulate an educational tool for the public.
KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION PRACTICES OF HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE AMONG PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS IN BANDAR PUNCAK ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Mansor Nik Nur Hidayah , Ahmad Azwandi
Published: May 2021

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and human Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Severe cases of HFMD were reported in Malaysia in 2018, which led to a temporary closing of few nurseries and preschools. A good knowledge and prevention practices is one of the important factors that can effectively decelerate this rapid outbreak of HFMD. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess current knowledge and prevention practices among parents and caregivers in Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted on 345 residences of Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. It comprised of 77.4% (n=267) parents and 22.6% (n=78) caregivers from different daycares, kindergartens and preschools. The study showed that the majority, 87.2% (n=301) of Bandar Puncak Alam residents, Selangor have a moderate level of knowledge on HFMD. No significant difference in knowledge was found between parents and caregivers (p = 0.553). Age, occupation, level of education, and income of respondents influenced the HFMD knowledge level (p<0.05). Most parents and caregivers know how to prevent HFMD by practising cleaning the children's toys using liquid disinfection, but they are still lacking knowledge on the role of handwashing in preventing HFMD. In conclusion, the lack of prevention practice among parents and caregivers would increase the cases of HFMD. Therefore, a proper education of HFMD should be done to increase the awareness towards the prevention practices to prevent HFMD from reoccurring.
The THE RISK FACTORS OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (DHF) CASES IN PEKANBARU
Authors: Susmaneli herlina , Afandi Dedi , Zahtamal  , Hamidy Rasoel , Saam Zulfan
Published: May 2021

Pekanbaru is one of the cities in Riau Province which is an endemic area for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) with the Incidence Rate exceeding the endemic limit of 148,80 per 100.000 population. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the distance between houses, water storage condition, the existence of garbage, the existence of larvae around the houses. To determine attitude, knowledge, eradication of mosquito nests, the morning and or afternoon sleep habits, the habit of hanging clothes, and the existence of ornamental plants on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases.  The type of research was observational quantitative analytic with a Case-Control design. The sampling technique used was Non-Probability Sampling and multivariate analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The sample was 138 respondents and Primary data collection using questionnaires and observation sheets. Six variables affecting the DHF cases were the existence of larvae (OR=8.103), eradication of mosquito nests (OR=6.230), water storage conditions (OR=2.136), the sleep habits in the morning and or afternoon (OR=2.058), the existence of garbage (OR=0.233) dan knowledge (OR=0.165). This suggests that the community can do eradicate mosquito nets. . Eradicating mosquito nests can be carried out through 3M Plus activities, including regularly draining the bathtub at least once a week, changing the water in flower vases, bird drinking places, or other water reservoirs regularly every less than one week. Closing water reservoirs tightly. Utilizing / recycling used cans, plastics, used tires, and other items that can hold rainwater so that they do not become mosquito breeding grounds. Six variables that influence the DHF cases, were: the existence of larvae, the action of 3M Plus, the condition of the water reservoir, the habit of sleeping in the morning and afternoon, the existence of garbage, and knowledge. Four variables did not affect the DHF cases, they were: attitude, the distance among houses, the habit of hanging clothes, and the existence of yard/ornamental plants. The community is expected to be able to recycle waste (garbage that has the potential to hold water).
MODELLING OF MITIGATING DIARRHOEA IN THE WETLAND AREA OF BANYUASIN DISTRICT, INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Hermansyah  , Muhammad Irfanuddin , Novrikasari Novrikasari , Muhammad Hakim
Published: May 2021

Diarrhoea is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries that have poor environmental sanitation, inadequate water supply, high poverty rates and low levels of education. The purpose of this study was to examine diarrhoea control models in toddlers of Banyuasin District wetlands. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in the wetland area of Banyuasin District with a sample of 296 respondents. Data analysis was performed in univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results showed that there was a correlation between chemical indicators (p-value = 0.035), latrine sanitation (p-value = 0.004), latrine quality (p-value = 0.005), income (p-value = 0.023), and hand washing with soap (p-value = 0.035) with the occurrence of diarrhoea in toddlers of Banyuasin District wetlands area. 51.9% of diarrhoea prevention can be explained by the water factor (19.7%), sanitation factor (15.6%), personal hygiene factor (8.2%), toddler factor (4.8%) and mother factor (3.5%) in this study. Improvements of environmental sanitation related to healthy latrines, rubbish bins, sewerage and clean / drinking water sources, as well as intensive education about personal hygiene and breastfeeding toddlers can contribute in reducing the occurrence of diarrhoea in toddlers.
Change Of Cotton Fiber Quality Indicators Under Technological Processes
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy (PhD), Department Of Metrology, Standardization And Quality Management, Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Mirxojaev Mirjamol Mirkarimovich , Atambayev Dilmuhammad Davronbek Ogli ,   Assistant, Department Of Metrology, Standardization And Quality Management, Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Lutfillaev Ismoiljon Isroiljon Ogli ,   3rd Year Student, Department Of Metrology, Standardization And Quality Management, Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Jurayev Jamshidbek Maripjon Ogli ,   3rd Year Student, Department Of Metrology, Standardization And Quality Management, Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Republic Of Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

In this article, the quality indicators of fiber under the influence of various technological processes of Sultan selection cotton were determined and the optimal variant of the technological process for production was recommended. Basic expressions tangled fiber, cortical fiber, knot, staple mass length, specific tensile strength, fiber maturity.
Methodology Of Teaching Economic Problems Based On Mathematic Modeling In Mathematics Courses
Authors:   Teacher, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute Of Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan, Beketov Nurseyt
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the methods and techniques for solving mathematical problems that develop students ’economic skills and competencies in the teaching of mathematics in general secondary schools in today’s educational process. The use of practical issues in economic interpretation in the teaching of mathematics is a key stage in the development of vocational training in students. It shows how to teach and solve practical economic problems based on mathematical modeling. It also aims to further improve the quality of continuing education, to teach students to think independently in mathematics lessons, to strengthen their socio-economic, scientific and technical knowledge of mathematics. In addition, the emphasis on the use of economic issues in the formation of scientific and theoretical thinking in the teaching of mathematics will expand the opportunities for educating students as a person with knowledge, professional training and spiritual maturity.
Analysis Of Scientific Research On The Use Of Renewable Energy Sources In The Heat Supply System
Authors:   Doctoral Student, Department Of ", Khamraev Sardor Ilkhomovich ,   Thermal Power Engineering",   , Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan, Khuzhakulov Saydulla Mirzaevich ,   PhD, Department Of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan, Kamolov Behzodjon Ilkhomovich ,   Doctoral Student, Department Of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan, Khusunov Shakhboz Khairulla Oglu ,   Student, Department Of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan, Narzullaev Behzod Abdulla Oglu ,   Student, Department Of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the results of research conducted by scientists from foreign countries and schools of Uzbekistan on the use of solar energy in the heating systems of residential buildings and sectors of the economy. As a result of a brief analysis of scientific research, it is stated that there are problems with combined heat supply systems operating on the basis of solar energy in natural conditions that are suitable for the climatic conditions and solar energy potential of the southern regions of the country.
Bio-Morphological Peculiarities Of Salsola Orientalis S. Gmel In The Conditions Of South Aral Sea Region
Authors:   Candidate Of Biological Sciences, Docent Of The Botany, Ecology And Teaching Methods Department, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Named After Ajiniyaz Nukus, Republic Of Karakalpakstan, Torebaevich Baltabaev Muratbai , Kizi Karlibayeva Miyassar Abdinasir ,   Master, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Named After Ajiniyaz Nukus, Republic Of Karakalpakstan, Asadbek Jabbarbergenov ,   Student, Senior Teacher Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Named After Ajiniyaz Nukus, Republic Of Karakalpakstan, Xodjanazarovna Djumanazarova Khalima ,   Senior Teacher Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Named After Ajiniyaz Nukus, Republic Of Karakalpakstan
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the growth and development of Salsola orientalis S. Gmel in a culture. In the literature, the growth and development of Salsola orientalis S. Gmel is readily eaten by animals in all seasons and is a good fatty food for sheep. The eaten part of the plants is annual shoots with leaves; flowers and fruits, often more lignified lower parts of the bushes. Therefore, it is difficult to find plants in grazed areas that are not damaged by animals, which makes Salsola orientalis quite suitable for making hay. Despite the practical value of this species and great attention from researchers, the growth and development of Salsola orientalis, taking into account the influence of the ecological conditions of the Karakalpak part of the Kyzyl-Kum Desert, have been little studied.
Teacher Example Compos Have A Road Map In The Heart Of The Reader
Authors:   Lecturer, Shakhrisabz Branch Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Nurmahmatov Lutfulla Abdukhomid
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the importance and relevance of methods in the formation of a trusting relationship between teacher and student in the primary grades. Therefore, the teacher must be able to use his style and methods in teaching his students. First of all, every educator should form a sense of respect for the student. In fact, he should not shout at the student, use sarcastic words, or isolate the students. Or he shouldn’t try to embarrass them. These things cause the whole class to lose respect.
Parent Problem How To Solve Causes Of Child Conflict In The Family
Authors:   Lecturer, Shakhrisabz Branch Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Rasulova Iroda
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the main goal is to socialize the child, that is, the parents instill in the child the values and behaviors that are appropriate for a member of society. If the child resists attempts to change the behavior of the parents, this process of socialization often leads to conflicts, which is a fact of conflict between parents and children. First of all, disagreement between parent and child is an inevitable reality.
The Role, Importance And Relevance Of Information Technology In The Motivational Phase Of Teaching
Authors:   Lecturer, Shakhrisabz Branch Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Berdieva Gulnoza
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the role, relevance and importance of information technology in the learning process, as well as in the motivational phase of teaching. Special attention is paid to the type of motives and skills of the student in mastering the lessons, namely, the connection of the topics of computer science with motivational knowledge. Thus, the article notes the effective acquisition of pedagogical knowledge through databases.
Individual Tipological Characteristics Of Talented Students
Authors:   Lecturer, Shakhrisabz Branch Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Dilnavoz Khodjaeva
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the typological and individual characteristics of gifted students. While first of all the features and relevance of the power are approached, the individual typological features are listed separately. Therefore, the result of this ability, especially in youth, adolescence and adolescence, reaches its peak and shows great creativity. First of all, if we focus on the student's talent, we will first focus on the types of talent, and its classification.
Highways, Functions And Importance
Authors:   Andijan Machine Building Institute, Senior Lecturer, Andijan, Uzbekistan, Shukurov Mansurkhan , Nurdinov Murodali ,   Andijan Machine Building Institute, Assisstant, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The development of the transport communications and the improvement of their use one of the most pressing tasks in the development of the economy. The share of highways in the national freight traffic in the country shows that highways are one of the key factors in the development of the country's economy.
Development Of Aluminum Liquefaction Technology
Authors:   Professor, Head Of Foundry Technologies Department, Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Nodir Turakhodjaev
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the effect of hydrogen gas on the quality of the casting during the liquefaction of aluminum alloy. In addition, the technology for the separation of aluminum from Al2O3 oxide, depending on the liquefaction temperature during the liquefaction of aluminum alloy.
Investigations Of Physical And Mechanical Properties And Fracturing Of The Kyzyl-Alma Deposit
Authors:   PhD, Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Nigmanovich Kazakov Aziz , Rustamovich Khakberdiyev Muzaffar ,   Doctoral Student, Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The article examines the main factors that affect the nature of the manifestation of mountain pressure. The physical and mechanical properties of rocks are the main factor determining the nature of the manifestation of rock pressure, their stability and their tendency to self-collapse.
Calculation Of The Required Capacity Of The Solar Collector In The Combined Heating System Of Buildings, Selection Of The Model And Evaluation Of Cost-Effectiveness
Authors:   Assistant, The Department Of Production Of Building Materials, Items And Structures, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana Uzbekistan, Sobirova D. , Karimova M. ,   Assistant, The Department Of Production Of Building Materials, Items And Structures, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The article calculates the thermal energy required for the correct choice of a heat pump and solar collector, which is part of a combined heating system, and the choice of their type and quantity based on the calculations performed and the profitability of water-based solar collectors, which are part of combined heating systems.