bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gamma distribution model of diffusion MRI for the differentiation of primary central nerve system lymphomas and glioblastomas
Authors: Togao Osamu , Chikui Toru , Tokumori Kenji , Kami Yukiko , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Momosaka Daichi , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Kuga Daisuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Iihara Koji , Hiwatashi Akio
Published: December 2020

The preoperative imaging-based differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and glioblastomas (GBs) is of high importance since the therapeutic strategies differ substantially between these tumors. In this study, we investigate whether the gamma distribution (GD) model is useful in this differentiation of PNCSLs and GBs. Twenty-seven patients with PCNSLs and 57 patients with GBs were imaged with diffusion-weighted imaging using 13 b-values ranging from 0 to 1000 sec/mm2. The shape parameter (κ) and scale parameter (θ) were obtained with the GD model. Fractions of three different areas under the probability density function curve (f1, f2, f3) were defined as follows: f1, diffusion coefficient (D) <1.0×10−3 mm2/sec; f2, D >1.0×10−3 and <3.0×10−3 mm2/sec; f3, D >3.0 × 10−3 mm2/sec. The GD model-derived parameters were compared between PCNSLs and GBs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess diagnostic performance. The correlations with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived parameters were evaluated. The PCNSL group's κ (2.26 ± 1.00) was significantly smaller than the GB group's (3.62 ± 2.01, p = 0.0004). The PCNSL group's f1 (0.542 ± 0.107) was significantly larger than the GB group's (0.348 ± 0.132, p<0.0001). The PCNSL group's f2 (0.372 ± 0.098) was significantly smaller than the GB group's (0.508 ± 0.127, p<0.0001). The PCNSL group's f3 (0.086 ± 0.043) was significantly smaller than the GB group's (0.144 ± 0.062, p<0.0001). The combination of κ, f1, and f3 showed excellent diagnostic performance (area under the curve, 0.909). The f1 had an almost perfect inverse correlation with D. The f2 and f3 had very strong positive correlations with D and f, respectively. The GD model is useful for the differentiation of GBs and PCNSLs.
Examination of the regression model to quantify the degree of low back pain and lower limb symptoms in patients with lumbar disc herniation by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ)
Authors: Ishitani Hayato , Tamura Toshiyo , Kanaya Shigehiko , Fujimoto Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

The Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) was created to evaluate specific treatment outcomes in terms of physical functioning, social ability, and mental health in patients with back pain-related diseases. In this study, we investigated whether the JOABPEQ could be used to construct a regression model to quantify low back pain and lower limb symptoms in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). We reviewed 114 patients with LDH scheduled to undergo surgery at our hospital. We measured the degrees of 1) lower back pain, 2) lower limb pain, and 3) lower limb numbness using the visual analog scale before the surgery. All answers and physical function data were subjected to partial least squares regression analysis. The degrees of lower back and lower limb pain could be used as a regression model from the JOABPEQ and had a significant causal relationship with them. However, the degree of lower limb numbness could not be used for the same. Based on our results, the questions of the JOABPEQ can be used to multilaterally understand the degree of lower back pain and lower limb pain in patients with LDH. However, the degree of lower limb numbness has no causal relationship, so actual measurement is essential.
PD-L1 expression in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms grade 3
Authors: Ali Abir Salwa , Langer Seppo W. , Federspiel Birgitte , Hjortland Geir Olav , Grønbæk Henning , Ladekarl Morten , Welin Staffan , Weber Vestermark Lene , Arola Johanna , Osterlund Pia , Knigge Ulrich , Sørbye Halfdan , Micke Patrick , Grimelius Lars , Grönberg Malin , Tiensuu Janson Eva
Published: December 2020

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms grade 3 (GEP-NENs G3) are rare tumors. These highly aggressive neoplasms are traditionally treated with platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with etoposide. Immune checkpoint proteins such as programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) may have a role in different cancers allowing them escape the immune system and hence, progress. We aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in GEP-NEN G3 and evaluate its correlation to clinical parameters. In a cohort of 136 patients, 14 (10%) expressed PD-L1 immunoreactivity; four (3%) patients in the tumor cells and 10 (7%) had immunoreactive immune cells. PD-L1 expression did not correlate to clinical parameters, progression-free survival or overall survival. We conclude that PD-L1 expression is present only in a subset of GEP-NEN G3 patients. Further studies are needed to fully understand the role of PD-L1 in patients with GEP-NEN G3, including the future possibility for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
‘Polite, no chill’ for the win: How Emily Andras engaged fans and overcame problematic tropes in Wynonna Earp
Authors: Cook Tanya N.
Published: December 2020

Like other successful genre shows, Wynonna Earp features a strong female lead character. Wynonna, however, is so much more than a ‘girl with a big ass gun’. In this case study of Emily Andras, I explore how women-centred writing and Andras’s engagement with fans, transformed Wynonna Earp from an overly sexualized comic book character, to a feminist icon, layered with nuance and breaking gender norms faster than revenants can make their peace. Andras’s leadership, her inclusion of LGBTQIA representation and refusal to succumb to the ‘bury your gays’ trope, also helped amass a passionate, loyal fan base that successfully lobbied producers for a fourth season after the show faced cancellation. The success of Wynonna Earp and the ‘Fight for Wynonna’, bolsters the legitimacy of women-led genre shows, women showrunners and producers, and the largely women-identified fan base, who have long loved science fiction, but have not felt accurately represented in male-centric products. Through qualitative analysis of interviews with Andras and Wynonna Earp fans, this article shows how Andras’s voice as screenwriter, leadership as showrunner, and engagement with fans on social media, demonstrates respect for fans as active and valued media partners, rather than market to be exploited.
Nobody’s Girl Friday: The Women Who Ran Hollywood, J. E. Smyth (2018)
Authors: Hull Toni Anita
Published: December 2020

Review of: Nobody’s Girl Friday: The Women Who Ran Hollywood, J. E. Smyth (2018)

New York: Oxford University Press, 328 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19-084082-2, h/bk, $29.95
Entre el colorín y el color. Las fallas de la victoria y la nación viril de posguerra
Authors: Box Zira
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo parte de la consideración de que, a lo largo de la inmediata posguerra, el discurso sobre la nación se articuló a partir de la asunción de que la nueva España que había vencido en la guerra civil era intrínsecamente viril. Mostrando fuertes continuidades con el discurso regeneracionista previo, la noción de virilidad —una noción suficientemente transversal a las diferentes culturas políticas franquistas— se articuló a partir de atributos que hablaban de fuerza, vigor e ímpetu, a la par que de sobriedad, compostura y control. A cambio, funcionando de antítesis, el peligro del afeminamiento implicaba, tanto una versión de la nación carente del impulso propio de la virilidad como una distorsión por exceso que desembocaba en una versión histriónica, chabacana y bufa. Partiendo de lo anterior, el artículo se centra de forma concreta en el discurso desarrollado en torno a la celebración de las primeras Fallas de posguerra, las festejadas en marzo de 1940, considerando que se trató de una fiesta ambigua, por localista y bullanguera, que necesitó de una depuración narrativa destinada a virilizarla. El análisis de dicho discurso, así como sus límites y alcances, es el objetivo principal de este texto.
Introducción al dosier. Nación y masculinidades en la España contemporánea
Authors: Miralles Xavier Andreu
Published: December 2020

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Memory, historical responsibility, truth and justice: The Balkan wars
Authors: Oberschall Anthony
Published: December 2020

In 1998, during a fieldtrip in the former Yugoslavia, I interviewed membersof associations of internally displaced persons (IDPs). They were petitioning theauthorities to recover their homes and properties because they wanted to “go home”.They also wanted the truth told about their families, communities and the war.They presented me with photos of houses or farms, anonymous letters threateningthem if they would not leave, photos of missing family members and legal papers.And they wanted justice. They wanted that those responsible for killing their kinand neighbors and driving them from their homes should be punished. Based onthese and other experiences I investigate four institutions designed to learn the truthabout contested historical events and their interpretation: the international criminaltribunal, the truth and reconciliation commission, the outsider commission, andpolitical agreement between adversaries.
Key specificities of the social fabric under new-capitalism
Authors: Ferge Zsuzsa
Published: December 2020

The paper describes manifestations of inequality and poverty evolving under new-capitalism in Hungary. The new aspect of inequality include unlimited force-fields and unbridled competition between them, new splits of inequality, and the absence of both ceiling and floor. The new features of poverty include massive and lasting joblessness leading to the socialisation of children in an atmosphere of hopelessness, extreme social exclusion turning entire micro-regions into poor and Gypsy ghettos, demeaning forms of workfare, and the like. About half of Hungary's residents have lost out on the regime change, meaning that they are worse off now than before it. Roughly half the losers are poor and about half a million (the entire population of the country is ten million) were poor both before and after. The new inequality and poverty is a challenge to all Hungarians, particularly to politicians and the poor themselves. Responses are often distorted because the sudden and extreme poverty has spawned a vehement rejection of the poor, often combined with rapidly spreading racism.
Physicists, stamp collectors, human mobility forecasters
Authors: Szántó Zoltán , Szakadát István
Published: December 2020

One of the two reviewers studied in high school to be a physicist. In the end, he became something else, but he never lost his awe of physics. The other reviewer never intended to become a physicist, but he sometimes asks himself why he didn’t become one. Today, they are both sociologists who practice their science on an action theory basis and believe that regularities exist in the world of social actions which can be perceived, understood, explained – and even used for making predictions.
Accelerating Financial Inclusion in Cambodia Using Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Authors: Makhija Anil K.
Published: December 2020

Promoting prosperity and protecting the planet at the same time requires us to end poverty and simultaneously promote economic growth and address social needs. This is also reflected in the form of 17 sustainable development goals agenda set by United Nations. Financial inclusion has been identified as an enabler for 7 out of those 17 sustainable development goals. Financial inclusion requires I\individuals and businesses to have access and ability to do financial transactions, payments, get credit and insurance.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Lacy Brian E. , Pimentel Mark , Brenner Darren M. , Chey William D. , Keefer Laurie A. , Long Millie D. , Moshiree Baha
Published: December 2020

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent, chronic disorder that significantly reduces patients' quality of life. Advances in diagnostic testing and in therapeutic options for patients with IBS led to the development of this first-ever American College of Gastroenterology clinical guideline for the management of IBS using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Twenty-five clinically important questions were assessed after a comprehensive literature search; 9 questions focused on diagnostic testing; 16 questions focused on therapeutic options. Consensus was obtained using a modified Delphi approach, and based on GRADE methodology, we endorse the following: We suggest that a positive diagnostic strategy as compared to a diagnostic strategy of exclusion be used to improve time to initiating appropriate therapy. We suggest that serologic testing be performed to rule out celiac disease in patients with IBS and diarrhea symptoms. We suggest that fecal calprotectin be checked in patients with suspected IBS and diarrhea symptoms to rule out inflammatory bowel disease. We recommend a limited trial of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disacchardies, monosaccharides, polyols (FODMAP) diet in patients with IBS to improve global symptoms. We recommend the use of chloride channel activators and guanylate cyclase activators to treat global IBS with constipation symptoms. We recommend the use of rifaximin to treat global IBS with diarrhea symptoms. We suggest that gut-directed psychotherapy be used to treat global IBS symptoms. Additional statements and information regarding diagnostic strategies, specific drugs, doses, and duration of therapy can be found in the guideline.
Aproximaciones a la subjetividad canónica de la familia
Authors: Arroba Conde Manuel Jesús
Published: December 2020

La doctrina del magisterio sobre la familia es muy abundante, mientras existen muchas lagunas en la disciplina canónica que ensombrecen su consideración real como sujeto de derechos en la Iglesia. Esta reflexión pretende proponer caminos para superar ese desfase, aclarando la incidencia jurídica de la doctrina del magisterio, tanto en la interpretación de las normas vigentes como en la integración posible de sus lagunas. La exhortación Amoris laetitia, así como los textos del reciente camino sinodal sobre el tema, son las fuentes principales de la aproximación que se propone.
La preparación al matrimonio
Authors: Gonçalves López Eduardo José
Published: December 2020

La preparación al sacramento del matrimonio, antes y después de su celebración, ha sido considerada siempre pastoralmente necesaria y de gran significación espiritual tanto para la vida de los cónyuges como para la comunidad cristiana. La Iglesia, por consiguiente, ha tomado progresivamente más conciencia de la necesidad de un proceso de evangelización, kerigmático y catecumenal, para las futuras familias. Este artículo ofrece una aproximación jurídico-pastoral sobre la preparación al matrimonio, a través de la presentación de la legislación de la Iglesia, exponiendo brevemente el tratamiento de la materia en el Código Pío Benedictino de 1917 y en el Código de Derecho Canónico vigente de 1983, y —en un segundo momento— por medio de selectas intervenciones de distinta relevancia del magisterio del papa Francisco respecto a la necesidad de una adecuada preparación al matrimonio y la propuesta concreta de un catecumenado matrimonial como respuesta a esa urgencia y desafío pastoral.
Humanizar las relaciones con la familia
Authors: Burguillos Cruz Cristina , Calero Gil Cristóbal
Published: December 2020

La entrevista en la escuela puede ser un espacio privilegiado para construir una relación de colaboración con las familias. Orientarnos al bien de cada hijo/alumno supone crear un espacio de confianza y seguridad tal, que cada uno de los que participamos en ella podamos sentir que seremos cuidados y que, en lo que comuniquemos y aportemos, encontraremos un nuevo relato que nos ayude a afrontar las situaciones problemáticas.
Padres y Maestros 55 años
Authors: Hernández Franco Vicente
Published: December 2020

Presentamos en este artículo una entrevista a Isabel Celaá (Bilbao, 1949), actual ministra de Educación y Formación Profesional. La entrevista, concertada durante el mes de septiembre con motivo del 55 aniversario de Padres y Maestros, se celebró el martes 10 de noviembre coincidiendo en el tiempo con el debate del Proyecto de Ley de la LOMLOE. Fue realizada por el profesor de Comillas Vicente Hernández, director de la revista durante los últimos diez años. Más allá del objetivo inicial de conocer la mirada de la ministra sobre la educación de nuestro país, pudimos hacernos eco del impacto y de las polémicas que se están produciendo en la tramitación de esta nueva Ley, principalmente por la ausencia una vez más del tan socialmente demandado “pacto educativo” entre los dos principales partidos políticos que se han alternado en el Gobierno de España desde la aprobación de la Constitución en 1978.
The Sacredness of Remembering and Re-storying
Authors: Romero-Ivanova Christina Louise
Published: December 2020

This article discusses findings from a qualitative research study which focused on how women from diverse backgrounds used storying as a space to make sense of life experiences that had highly impacted their lives. This article explores how women’s stories mediate their experiences of being temporarily silenced, how they resisted others’ silencing over their own viewpoints, and how their storying mediates different ways of “talking back” through story-writing in letters and journals and story-living through an intentional practice of wearing an artifact of trauma. Multiple interviews were used as the primary data sources, and through these the participants’ stories emerged. Intersections of gender, race, religion, and socioeconomic status in the participants’ stories were analyzed, and the categories of silencing, resistance/talking back, and resilience developed. Findings included the participants’ abilities to navigate issues related to others’ forced perspectives on their bodies as a social and political space (Pitts, 2003; Woods, 2012).
University Students’ Demotivation in Learning Second Languages
Authors: D'Orazzi Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

Prior studies report a tendency of university students in Australia to quit their beginner level second language (L2) courses at an early stage (Martín et al., 2016; Nettelbeck et al., 2007). Demotivational patterns are meta-analyzed to understand what hampers the interest in learning French, German, Italian and Spanish of continuing students, discontinuing students, and quitters over one year of studies at Australian universities. Such a distinction across categories of students is offered in line with Martín et al.’s (2016) research. Demotivators are structured on three levels of analysis drawing on Gruba et al.’s (2016) and The Douglas Fir Group’s (2016) frameworks, which encapsulate three levels of analysis, specifically micro, meso and macro. Findings suggest that beginner L2 students in Australia are demotivated by all three levels of analysis in very dynamic and interchangeable ways. Students were found to concurrently experience very different degrees of demotivation over time.
Collaborative learning and choral confidence: the role of peer interactions in building confident amateur choirs
Authors: Bonshor Michael
Published: December 2020

This article describes some of the collaborative processes that take place within adult amateur choirs, and demonstrates some associations between group dynamics, peer learning and the development of choral confidence. Three focus groups and 16 individual interviews provided 40 hours of verbal data. The research aims were: to explore the lived experience of amateur choral singers in relation to their confidence levels; to identify some of the factors affecting singers’ confidence in their vocal skills and choral performance ability; to use the data to extrapolate strategies designed for managing confidence issues amongst amateur choral singers. Data was collected during semi-structured interviews and focus groups with amateur singers. The superordinate themes, which emerged from the data, included collaboration and teamwork, reciprocal peer learning, and the contribution of unofficial team leaders to effective learning and performance. All of these factors were reported as increasing individual and collective confidence levels. The findings highlight the role of peer interactions and social learning in developing the confidence of choral singers, and suggest ways in which conductors might optimize these interactions to build confidence during choir rehearsals and performances.
Guided Models for Teaching Students Research in Science and Engineering
Authors: Gallego Torres Adriana Patricia , Bustos Velazco Edier Hernán , Reyes Roncancio Jaime Duván
Published: December 2020

Context: This article presents the arguments that su­pport the formulation of a research model from the idea of “guided models,” which allows the designing of routes and methodologies for the approaching, formulating, and solving problems in the training of technologists and engineers.

Method: The methodology used was based on groun­ded theory, which allows solving problems and de­velop innovative research through theoretical and methodological categories.

Results: It was possible to organize the model with a special emphasis on the generation of monitoring and contrasting matrices as a control mechanism and guide for the researcher.

Conclusions: The implications of the incorporation of this model are analyzed in relation to the training purposes of engineering and technology professio­nals, articulated through a progression hypothesis as a reference every researcher will be able to get when analyzing and reviewing their own research processes regardless of the methodology developed.
Políticas de prevenção à evasão escolar na educação técnica Argentina: Estratégias, alcances e perspectivas de atores institucionais
Authors: Maduro Silva Denise Bianca , Miranda Ana
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa os programas que se propuseram combater a evasão escolar no ensino médio, na Argentina, entre 2003 e 2015. A construção do estudo baseia-se em análises documentais e entrevistas com funcionários do Instituto Nacional de Educação Tecnológica do Ministério da Educação da Argentina e em 3 escolas técnicas públicas na Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires. Por meio de uma investigação qualitativa, e com base na análise do discurso e das narrativas dos protagonistas, o texto possibilita aprofundar a compreensão do diagnóstico sobre o abandono escolar, como são pensadas as soluções e como se define o curso das políticas. Os resultados mostram que as políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento do ensino médio técnico, delineadas para o período, buscam maior democratização, mas continuam a apresentar limites estruturais com efeito para a efetiva conclusão das trajetórias educacionais na Argentina.
The influence of international mobility programmes on nursing students' personal and professional development
Authors: Karnjuš Igor , Prosen Mirko , Krivičić Boško , Ličen Sabina
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Student mobility programmes have become a valuable instrument in student education as they enable the acquisition of essential knowledge, skills and attitudes, and equip the individual more effectively to work in the globalised world. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of international exchange programmes on the personal and professional development of undergraduate nursing students.Methods: A quantitative secondary analysis was conducted. The primary data were collected in 2016 as part of the study entitled International Nursing Student Exchange – Comparison Between Slovene and Foreign Students. The sample in the secondary analysis consisted of 73 nursing students from Slovenia and other European countries. The questionnaire included 20 statements which were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree). The data were described on the basis of calculated mean values and the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: On the personal level, students stressed that mobility can improve their self-confidence (Z = –2.088, p = 0.037) and acceptance of other cultures (Z = –3.116, p = 0.002). On the professional level, they highlighted the need to upgrade students' professional competencies (Z = –3.116, p = 0.002), particularly in the field of culturally competent nursing care (Z = –2.391, p = 0.017).Discussion and conclusion: The benefits reported by nursing students seem to show that it is sensible to continue to support and promote international student mobility programmes.
Niższe Seminarium Duchowne we Włocławku – założenia instytucjonalne i edukacyjne (1908–1988)
Authors: Lisowska Kinga
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the operation of the Lower Seminary in Włocławek in the 20th century. It is an example of a formative and educational institution subordinated simultaneously to the Church and the government. For the entire period of its existence, the school was the property of the Włocławek Diocese. The organization of the seminary and the education was provided in complex social, political and systemic circumstances. In the course of its operation, the school was dependent on Russian, Polish and German authorities. The article presents the history of the Lower Seminary, the organizational and curricular changes as well as the organization’s basic structure. The history of the Seminary is a part of research into private education in the 20th century in Poland, encompassing the lower secondary and secondary school levels. The research also contributes to our knowledge of the organization of education in the Lower Seminary in Włocławek, as well as ecclesiastic education in lower seminaries in Poland in the 20th century.
The operating mechanisms of self-efficacy and peer feedback: An exploration of L2 young writers
Authors: Kong Amy , Teng Mark Feng
Published: December 2020

There is a huge scarcity of documentation of instances in which students do not follow the peer review training guidelines. One factor in these unanticipated scenarios could be learners’ self-efficacy (SE). The current investigation illustrates how different sources of SE contribute to students’ agentic orientations during peer review. For this purpose, six secondary-one students were paired to implement peer reviews in an after-school English writing course, after receiving peer review training. The data from three dyadic peer review sessions, stimulated recalls, and pre-/post-interviews were triangulated with quantitative data from 20 learners. The results showed that the students’ low SE for self-regulation (SESR) for peer review at the outset overshadowed the impact of training and influenced the use of strategies by them during the peer reviews. Whereas those with high SESR followed the instructions from the training session and regulated the peer reviews professionally, those with low SESR ignored these guidelines, which resulted in constrained agency and promoted their skepticism of peer review in the end. However, by comparing their own performances as reviewers with those of their peers, the students’ SE for regulating future peer review also changed. This paper underscores SE as an important construct in peer review for L2 young learners.
Endogenous Peer Group Effects on Adolescents’ Crime Reporting Intentions
Authors: Agee Mark D.
Published: December 2020

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of adolescents’ crime reporting intentions with particular emphasis on the role of social interactions. The empirical strategy extends the discrete choice random utility model to allow preferences to be defined over the expected actions of an individual’s peer group defined by his or her class at school. In this context, students choose whether to report instances of bullying, property theft, or academic cheating they may witness at or around school. Both endogenous and exogenous peer group effects on adolescents’ crime reporting intentions are identified and estimated using a 1620-student dataset. Results lend support to the hypothesis that social interactions play a significant role in shaping adolescents’ decisions to report wrongdoing they may witness. These group influences can strengthen, or temper school policies aimed at encouraging students to take a more active role in reducing school or community crime.
Effect of organic maturity on shale gas genesis and pores development: A case study on marine shale in the upper Yangtze region, South China
Authors: Zhang Kun , Peng Jun , Wang Xin , Jiang Zhenxue , Song Yan , Jiang Lin , Jiang Shu , Xue Zixin , Wen Ming , Li Xiaohui , Liu Xiaoxue , Huang Yizhou , Wang Pengfei , Shan Chang’an , Liu Tianlin , Xie Xuelian
Published: December 2020

The marine shale in southern China has undergone complex tectonic evolution with a high thermal evolution degree. Excessive thermal evolution brings certain risks to shale gas exploration and development. With the advancement of experimental methods, the evolution process of shale reservoirs can be better understood from the micro-nanoscale. This work takes the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng and the first member of Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Outer Margin of the Sichuan Basin to study the impact of maturity upon the genesis of shale gas and development features of the reservoir. A series of geochemical research methods, including TOC, gas component and gas isotope, were adopted to study the impact of different thermal evolution stages of organic matter upon the genesis of shale gas. The nanoscale micro-imaging technique, such as FIB-SEM and FIB-HIM, was used to analyze the development of OM-hosted pores. As shown from the results, when R
o = 1.2–3.5%, the marine shale gas is dominated by methane and other hydrocarbon gases, since the mixture of cracking gas from liquid hydrocarbons and kerogen-cracking gas cause the carbon isotope reversal. Besides, the pyrobitumen pores characterized by the strong connectivity and storage capacity were primarily developed. When R
o > 3.5%, the organic matter is at the graphitization stage. The shale gas is mainly composed of nitrogen at this stage. The nitrogen is originated from the atmosphere and the thermal evolution process, and the OM-hosted pores (pyrobitumen and kerogen pores) characterized by the bad connectivity and storage capacity are developed. Finally, the main component of shale gas, the genesis of shale gas and the pattern of OM-hosted pores under different thermal evolution stages of organic matter are summarized, which provide technical support for the exploration and development of shale gas.
Inverse characterisation of gradient distribution of the modulus of bamboo using a four-point bending test
Authors: Gao Xianzhi , Liu Guangyan , Wang Lu , Yi Yanan , Lin Guang , Ma Shaopeng
Published: December 2020

As a natural graded material, bamboo has gradually increasing elastic modulus along the radial direction from the inner to the outer skin. Accurate measurement of the modulus distribution plays an important role in bamboo-based structural design. However, it is difficult to characterise this modulus distribution by using conventional testing approaches on bamboo slices. A more effective method was developed in this study for the inverse identification of gradually varying material properties. The method is based on the digital image correlation and finite element model updating techniques. The radial distribution of the elastic modulus of bamboo was obtained through only one four-point bending test. The inversely identified modulus distribution was verified through uniaxial tensile tests on sliced bamboo strips and microscopic observation of the volume fraction distribution of its vascular bundle. The results showed that the elastic modulus of the bamboo material decreased from the outer skin (20 GPa) to the inner skin (2 GPa), which is in good consistence with the tensile test results on sliced specimens.
Effect of Nb addition on the solidification structure of Fe–Mn–C–Al twin-induced plasticity steel
Authors: Du Wen-Hui , Li Chang-Rong , Zhuang Chang-Ling
Published: December 2020

The solidification microstructure of an Fe–Mn–C–Al high-Mn steel with added Nb was studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the size of the columnar and equiaxed grains in the solidified structure of the high-Mn steel without added Nb was large. When Nb was added, the size of the equiaxed and columnar grains in the solidification structure of the high-Mn steel decreased. The twin-induced plasticity in the high-Mn steel with added Nb clearly refined the grain size of the solidified structure and simultaneously increased the equiaxed crystallization rate. The high-melting-point second-phase particles increased the heterogeneous nucleation rate, which was beneficial for grain refinement. A large amount of Nb precipitates from the solidification process increased the equiaxed crystallization rate of the solidified microstructure. The increased crystallization rate affected the growth direction of the columnar and equiaxed grains during solidification and indirectly decreased the probability of crack formation, which improved the quality of the twin-induced plastic steel.
Influence of alkaline modification on different adsorption behavior between ZSM-5 and LSX zeolite for toluene
Authors: Cui Yongkang , Li Ziyi , Su Wei , Xing Yi , Liu Yingshu , Wang Jiaqing , Zhang Quanli
Published: December 2020

Adsorption as an air purification method is widely employed to remove volatile organic compounds with low concentration using zeolites. In this study, ZSM-5 and LSX zeolites modified by alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+ and K+) were used as adsorbents for the abatement of toluene. The adsorption behaviors of toluene onto adsorbents with different pore sizes and cation contents were evaluated systematically based on the experiments of adsorption equilibrium, kinetic diffusion and desorption. Besides, Langmuir and Freundlich model, constant-pattern wave propagation model and Kissinger method were applied to fit with the above experimental data. The adsorption amount followed the sequence of Li-LSX > Na-LSX > K-LSX > Li-ZSM-5 > Na-ZSM-5 > K-ZSM-5 obtained from equilibrium isotherms. LSX zeolites showed twice adsorption capacity on unit volume compared to ZSM-5. The mechanisms of steric hindrances and electrostatic interactions controlling the diffusion rate under high and low concentrations were proposed, respectively. At relatively low loadings of toluene, the diffusion resistances were primarily affected by electrostatic interaction due to preferential adsorption of toluene on cationic sites. While at relatively high loadings, the diffusion resistance was mainly restricted by steric effect because of saturated cationic sites. The strength of adsorbate-adsorbent interactions was assessed by temperature programmed desorption experiments. It showed that both adsorption sites and microporous walls contributed to the desorption energy.
Investigation on influences of loose gas on gas-solid flows in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor using full-loop numerical simulation
Authors: Huo Pengju , Li Xiaohong , Liu Yang , Qi Haiying
Published: December 2020

The influences of loose gas on gas-solid flows in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification reactor were investigated using full-loop numerical simulation. The two-fluid model was coupled with the QC-energy minimization in multi-scale theory (EMMS) gas-solid drag model to simulate the fluidization in the CFB reactor. Effects of the loose gas flow rate, Q, on the solid mass circulation rate and the cyclone separation efficiency were analyzed. The study found different effects depending on Q: First, the particles in the loop seal and the standpipe tended to become more densely packed with decreasing loose gas flow rate, leading to the reduction in the overall circulation rate. The minimum Q that can affect the solid mass circulation rate is about 2.5% of the fluidized gas flow rate. Second, the sealing gas capability of the particles is enhanced as the loose gas flow rate decreases, which reduces the gas leakage into the cyclones and improves their separation efficiency. The best loose gas flow rates are equal to 2.5% of the fluidized gas flow rate at the various supply positions. In addition, the cyclone separation efficiency is correlated with the gas leakage to predict the separation efficiency during industrial operation.
Spiritual Talk: Addressing Existential Themes in Interfaith Encounters
Authors: Liefbroer Anke I. , Olsman Erik
Published: December 2020

Spiritual caregivers increasingly care for clients with other religious/spiritual (R/S) orientations than their own. To date, the ways in which spiritual caregivers deal with these differences have hardly been explored. Based on an analysis of audio records of 34 spiritual caregiver-patient interactions, this paper describes communication techniques used by spiritual caregivers to address existential themes in conversations with patients with various R/S orientations. The model presented describes these techniques regarding the extent to which spiritual caregivers comply with the patient’s R/S orientation and disclose their own R/S orientation. This model can be used to analyze how spiritual caregivers interact with their clients.
Timothy: Preparing for The Holy Eucharist within the Community when Communication is Non-verbal
Authors: Cooreman-Guittin Talitha
Published: December 2020

Persons with intellectual disabilities are still regularly refused access to the Eucharist, as illustrated in an article in the Washington Post. Although Pope Francis and several Bishops’ Conferences and the new Directory for Catechesis (n°269–272) have made it clear that Catholics with disabilities have a right to participate in the sacraments as all other members of the ecclesial community, many church leaders still refrain from allowing persons with profound intellectual disabilities to access the Eucharist. This article investigates the experience of a pastoral team that prepared First Communion of a young boy with profound intellectual disabilities. The experience raised practical theological, pedagogical and pastoral ecclesial issues to be solved. These issues structure the article.
The left and right periphery in native and non-native speech – A comparative study between French L1/L2, Spanish L1/L2 and Swedish L1
Authors: Fant Lars , Bartning Inge , Österberg Rakel
Published: December 2020

High-proficient Swedish users of L2 French and Spanish were compared with native speakers of French, Spanish and Swedish with regard to how the syntactic peripheries in natural colloquial speech are structured. Two different though interrelated aspects were included: thus a cross-linguistic analysis comparing the three native speaker groups is combined with an analysis addressing the question of the upper limits of L2 acquisition. All left peripheral (LP) and right peripheral (RP) constituents of a corpus of 110,759 words were classified in a taxonomy relying both on syntactic and functional-pragmatic criteria. The cross-linguistic analysis showed that French and Spanish L1 speakers produced significantly longer LP sequences than the Swedish L1 speakers, who, in turn, put conspicuously more weight on the RP. Significant differences between the three languages were also found with regard to several LP and RP constituent categories. The L2 acquisition-oriented analysis showed that with few exceptions the high-proficient L2 users behaved like L1 users. Although a few interlanguage-related phenomena could be observed, no instances of any clear transfer from the speaker’s L1 appeared in either L2 speaker group.
Do Food Quality Schemes and Net Price Premiums Go Together?
Authors: Monier-Dilhan Sylvette , Poméon Thomas , Böhm Michael , Brečić Ruzica , Csillag Peter , Donati Michele , Ferrer-Pérez Hugo , Gauvrit Lisa , Gil José M. , Hoàng Việt , Lilavanichakul Apichaya , Majewski Edward , Malak-Rawlikowska Agata , Mattas Konstadinos , Napasintuwong Orachos , Nguyễn An Quỳnh , Nikolaou Kallirroi , Papadopoulos Ioannis , Pascucci Stefano , Peerlings Jack , Ristic Bojan , Steinnes Kamilla , Stojanovic Zaklina , Tomić Maksan Marina , Török Áron , Veneziani Mario , Vittersø Gunnar , Bellassen Valentin
Published: December 2020

This article addresses the issue of the profitability of Food Quality Scheme (FQS) products as compared to reference products, which are defined as analogous products without quality label. We approach this question by taking into account the level of the value chain (upstream, processing, and downstream), the sector (vegetal, animal, seafood) and the type of FQS (PGI, PDO, Organic). We collected original data for several products produced in selected European countries, as well as in Thailand and Vietnam. Comparisons depending on value chain level, sector and FQS are possible by using two comparable indicators: price premium and net price premium (including cost differential). The following principal conclusions were reached: 1) Price is higher for FQS products than for the reference products, regardless of the production level, the type of FQS or the sector; 2) Price premiums generated by FQS do not differ along the value chain, nor between sectors (vegetal, animal or seafood/fish); 3) Price premium for organic products is significantly higher than for PGI products, and this conclusion holds at upstream and processing levels, taking into account the costs directly related to production; 4) All organic products and almost all PDO and PGI products analysed benefit from a positive quality rent; 5) At upstream level and processing level, the relative weight of intermediate consumption in the cost structure is lower for organic products than for reference products.
Efficacy of expanded polystyrene as fine aggregate in cement mortars modified with latex paint as an alternative to polymer admixture
Authors: Akinyemi Banjo A. , Ojediran John , Olawale Olamide , Ayanwola Stephen
Published: December 2020

In this present study, the effectiveness of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste used as 20, 40 and 60% fine sand replacement in development of lightweight cement composite was evaluated. The cement mortar was strengthened by 10% low cost latex paint emulsion as an alternative to the more expensive polymer admixtures. Six different mix designs were produced and tested for compressive and split tensile strength according to BS EN standards. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was also conducted to analysis the micrograph of the samples. It was observed that as the EPS content, latex paint polymer admixture and curing days were increased, marginal increment in compressive strength was obtained. However, EPS fines were most effective in improving the split strength while latex paint admixture had comparatively less part to play in the strength development. The micrograph images showed that the EPS fines were uniformly distributed within the microstructure and the latex paint developed polymer films. These mechanisms coupled with the cement hydrate products were responsible for the enhanced strength observed in the samples.
On cryptographic properties of (n + 1)-bit S-boxes constructed by known n-bit S-boxes
Authors: Zhou Yu , Mu Daoguang , Dong Xinfeng
Published: December 2020

S-box is the basic component of symmetric cryptographic algorithms, and its cryptographic properties play a key role in security of the algorithms. In this paper we give the distributions of Walsh spectrum and the distributions of autocorrelation functions for (n + 1)-bit S-boxes in [12]. We obtain the nonlinearity of (n + 1)-bit S-boxes, and one necessary and sufficient conditions of (n + 1)-bit S-boxes satisfying m-order resilient. Meanwhile, we also give one characterization of (n + 1)-bit S-boxes satisfying t-order propagation criterion. Finally, we give one relationship of the sum-of-squares indicators between an n-bit S-box S
0 and the (n + 1)-bit S-box S (which is constructed by S
0).
Expression and role of ABIN1 in sepsis: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Li Haolan , Sun Aichen , Meng Taocheng , Zhu Yan
Published: December 2020

In this research, we attempted to explain the effect and the related molecular mechanisms of ABIN1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic mice or RAW264.7 macrophages. LPS was adopted to treat RAW264.7 macrophages for 4 h, and the levels of inflammatory factors were assessed by ELISA. Besides, ABIN1 expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Apparently, LPS enhanced immunoreaction, suggested by increased expression of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6. ABIN1 levels were obviously reduced compared to the control. Furthermore, we evaluated the roles of ABIN1-plasmid in immunoreaction and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. We found that ABIN1-plasmid significantly reduced the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-treated cells and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation. Meanwhile, a septic mouse mode was conducted to validate the role of ABIN1 in inflammatory response and organ damage in vivo. These data suggested that ABIN1-plasmid significantly inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and Cr, BUN, AST, and ALT levels in the serum of LPS-stimulated mice compared to LPS + control-plasmid group, reflecting the relieved inflammation and organ injury. In summary, the present findings indicated that ABIN1 alleviated sepsis by repressing inflammatory response through NF-κB signaling pathway, emphasizing the potential value of ABIN1 as therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
Sodium salt scaling in black liquor evaporators and the effects of the addition of tall oil brine
Authors: Karlsson Erik , Åkesjö Anders
Published: December 2020

Sodium salt scaling, i. e. the formation of doubles salts comprised of sodium, carbonate and sulphate on the heat transfer surfaces, is a common problem that occurs during black liquor evaporation. In this study, experimental results are presented that provide new insights into the formation and composition of such scales and how they are influenced by the addition of tall oil brine. It was found that increased content of sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate in the black liquor increased scaling, while the ratio between carbonate and sulphate had a lesser influence than reported in other studies. Black liquor created loose clay-like scales comprised of aggregated crystals and black liquor, whereas salt solutions created hard mineral-like scales. The scales formed by both the black liquor and the salt solution showed a tendency to fall off during formation after primary nucleation. It was also found that both tall oil soap and alkalized tall oil brine could inhibit the formation of scales. The inhibition effect is stronger if adding the soap or brine just before scaling starts, but also depends on the amount added, the sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate content in the liquor as well as other factors.