bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Família, educação e trabalho: as estratégias educativas das famílias em relação aos seus “descendentes” nas comarcas do Rio da Velhas e de Vila Rica entre cerca de 1720 e 1770
Authors: Angelo Fabrício Vinhas Manini
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho busca apresentar as principais das estratégias educativas das famílias em relação a sua descendência para as comarcas do Rio da Velhas e de Vila Rica entre cerca de 1720 e 1770. A partir do aparato conceitual cunhado por Pierre Bourdieu, o objetivo do trabalho é compreender os sentidos destas estratégias, principalmente, em relação a busca e manutenção da distinção social. A partir dos testamentos é possível mapear uma série de estratégias na busca ou manutenção desta distinção social. Para isto é necessário ir além da ideia que contemporaneamente se tem sobre educação, que basicamente se restringe ao ambiente escolar, pois esta e outras instituições deste tipo (seminários, internatos, conventos) eram bem menos comuns e em geral restritos a grupos sociais muito específicos na região e período em tela. Desta maneira, o que se pretende aqui é compreender como a religião, os ofícios, bem como a escola, mestres e professores funcionavam para estas famílias na intenção de educarem seus descendentes. Além disso, busca-se compreender como estas famílias se organizavam para garantir a educação, em seu sentido mais amplo, de seus herdeiros em um período e região nos quais não existiam colégios ou ordens religiosas atuando em Minas e também ainda não existiam políticas estatais tão claras sobre esta matéria.Family, education and work: the educational strategies of families in relation to their “descendants” in the comarca of Rio de Velhas and the omarca of Vila Rica (c. 1720 and c. 1770). The present paper tries has the main goal to present the educative strategies of the families in relation to their descendants in the comarca of Rio das Velhas and in the comarca of Vila Rica in the eighteenth century. In this paper, the conceptual apparatus coined by Pierre Bourdieu will be used. The main objective of the paper is to understand the meanings of these strategies, especially in relation to the achieve and maintain the social distinction. From the wills it is possible to map several strategies in the achieve and maintain the social distinction. However, it is necessary to go beyond the idea that we have at the present time about education and that it is restricted to school, this and other institutions similars (seminaries, boarding schools, convents) In general were restricted to very specific social groups in this region and age. In this way, what is intended here is to understand how religion, crafts, as well as school and teachers worked for these families in order to educate their descendants. In addition, it seeks to understand how these families were organized to ensure the education, in the wide sense, of their descendants in a period and region that did not exist, schools or colleges and religious orders do not operate in Minas and also there were not yet clear state policies for education. Keywords: Strategies; Educational strategies; Bourdieu; Eighteenth century.
Perceptions and experiences of pregnant women towards voluntary antenatal counselling and testing in Oshakati hospital, Namibia
Authors: Toivo Aini-Kaarin , Chopra Mickey , Ashipala Daniel Opotamutale
Published: July 2017

Background: The study focused on perceptions and experiences of pregnant women who opted in against those who opted out of voluntary antenatal HIV counseling and testing.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess pregnant women’s perceptions and experiences in order to gain insight into their views towards voluntary antenatal counseling and testing.Method: A qualitative, descriptive and comparative study was used regarding participants who opted in and opted out. A stratified random sampling was used to collect data from the participants. The study sample comprised six focus group discussions (FGD) of pregnant women who were attending antenatal services at this hospital. Three FGD were women who opted in and other three FGD were for those who opted out. The semi-structure interview guide was used to guide the discussions. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed, using thematic content analysis.Results: Based on the findings of the study, the knowledge of pregnant women who opted in was relatively good comparing with those who opted out. Despite the recognition of the benefits of Voluntary antenatal Counselling and Testing (VCT), it was evident that women were reluctant to use the VCT service because of reasons that include fear of being stigmatized, abandoned and discriminated against. The women’s participation in the existing services of voluntary antenatal counseling and testing was influenced by their partners. It was also found that there were misconceptions surrounding the knowledge of the causes and prevention of vertical transmission. These misconceptions should be talked about. The distance was another factor which hampered the participation of pregnant women in the programme. Other reasons for non-attendance given by the participants included dissatisfaction with some of the nurses’ attitudes, ignorance about the service as well as reluctance to be tested.Recommendations: This study recommends improved partner communication on the issues of HIV/AIDS as it will encourage sharing of confidentiality and responsibility.
The practice and teaching of palpation of the head and neck: A scoping review
Authors: I. Epstein , P. Herne , S. Masita , E. Peisachovich , C. De Silva , L. Grosman-Rimon , C. Lee , B. Robinson , M. Eliadis
Published: July 2017

Objective: To explore how palpation of the head and neck is practiced and taught.Methods: The scoping review methodology was guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage approach. Three experienced and independent reviewers searched nine databases according to a predetermine inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: A total of 15 articles from medicine, chiropractic and dentistry published between 1987 and 2016 were included. Two overarching themes emerged, a Cartesian and a Pragmatic perspective in practicing and teaching palpating of the head and neck. Although both perspectives are valuable, we advocate to practice and teach palpation of head and neck from a Pragmatic perspective particularly with the increase use of ultrasound technology to detect masses. A pragmatic perspective takes into account the patient’s context, the ethics of care and highlights the importance of health care providers fostering interpersonal relationships with others during physical assessment.Conclusions: Although nursing studies were absent from this review we believe nurses play a vital role when they are aware of the Cartesian and Pragmatics perspectives when practicing and teaching head and neck palpation as part of a physical assessment. Learning how other disciplines are practicing and teaching head and neck palpation skills will improve interdisciplinary collaboration.
The role of urinary cytology when diagnostic workup is suspicious for upper tract urothelial carcinoma but tumour biopsy is nonconfirmatory
Authors: Horovitz David , Meng Yifan , Joseph Jean V. , Feng Changyong , Wu Guan , Rashid Hani , Messing Edward M.
Published: July 2017

Introduction: We sought to determine the value of obtaining preoperative urinary cytology when diagnostic workup of an upper tract mass is suspicious for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), but biopsy fails to confirm the diagnosis.Methods: Using billing code data, 239 patients were identified as having undergone radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) by 16 urologists from September 29, 1998 to July 31, 2015. Of this group, 19 adult patients had a presumed preoperative diagnosis of UTUC in a native kidney, at least three months of followup, no history of concurrent radical cystectomy with RNU, and negative/non-diagnostic tissue biopsy. These patients were divided into three groups: Group A had no urinary cytology taken (n=6); Group B had upper and/or lower tract cytology performed with neither positive nor atypical (n=7); Group C had upper and/or lower tract cytology performed with at least one positive or atypical (n=6).Results: Demographic information and diagnostic workup was similar between the groups, although Group A had more patients with a history of prior radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (p=0.02). One patient in Group B had benign tissue on final pathology. All patients in Groups A and C had malignancy on final pathology and overall, the three groups had similar rates of malignancy.Conclusions: When a composite of clinical findings suggest UTUC, performing urinary cytology may not be necessary. A negative result in this setting should not be used to rule out UTUC, as this is often discordant with final pathology. A positive cytology result may help solidify the diagnosis when other findings are less clear.
Conservative treatment of upper urinary tract carcinoma: Long-term results
Authors: Orosa Andrada Andrea , Laso García Inés , Arias Fúnez Fernando , Donis Canet Francisco , Duque Ruiz Gemma , Gómez Dos Santos Victoria , Burgos Revilla Francisco Javier
Published: July 2017

Introduction: We sought to assess the long-term results of conservative treatment for upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUTC) with regard to tumour recurrence and preservation of renal unit.Methods: From October 1987 to January 2014, 65 patients (median age 68 years) were diagnosed with UUTC and underwent endoscopic and open surgical techniques. Thirteen patients had bilateral disease and one had a single kidney. The primary approach was endoscopic in 37 reno-ureteral units (20 percutaneous resections, 17 ureteroscopies ). Open surgery was performed in 19 cases. A total of 20 patients received mitomycin C.Results: Superficial stage pTa or T1 was noted in 37 patients, infiltrating stage pT2 and pT3 in seven and inverted papilloma in one. The stage of the tumour was impossible to classify in 20. With a median followup of 75.12 months (interquartile range [IQR] 144.71–17.41), the kidney preservation, recurrence, specific survival, and global survival rates were 78.5% (51/65), 40.0% (26/65), 92.3% (60/65), and 69.2% (45/65), respectively. From the patients who had recurrence, 15 were salvaged with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). The bladder tumour recurrence rate after the surgery was 30.76% (20/65). At the end of the followup, five patients had died of UUTC progression and 16 from other causes. Postoperative complications included one case of fistula, one case of stricture, and one case of nephrectomy due to bleeding.Conclusions: In selected cases, conservative management is a safe and feasible alternative to RNU, with the advantage of renal unit preservation.
Retrograde leak point pressure measurement improves outcomes of the Virtue male sling for postprostatectomy incontinence
Authors: Sourial Michael W. , Richard Patrick O. , Morisset Julie , Jundi Mazen , Tu Le Mai
Published: July 2017

Introduction: We aimed to compare the efficacy of two different sling tensioning approaches, and to report our experience, including safety and impact on quality of life (QoL) of the Virtue® male sling for the treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI).Methods: From our prospectively maintained database, we retrospectively identified all men treated with the Virtue male sling for PPI between March 2009 and February 2014 by two urologists in two institutions. Baseline demographic data and the sling tensioning method were abstracted from the database. Likewise, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale, severity of incontinence, and clinical outcomes were also abstracted.Results: 48 patients were treated with the Virtue quadratic male sling. Sling tensioning was done using cystoscopy in the first 18 patients (Group 1), while per-operative retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) measurement was done in the last 30 patients (Group 2). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) followup from the day of surgery was 22 (15‒41) months. At the last followup visit, 7 (39%) patients in Group 1 were cured or improved of their PPI, compared to 21 (70%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.03). The final median (IQR) RLPP in these patients was 41 (37–48) cm H2O. Transient pain was the most common adverse event, occurring in 23 (48%) of patients. Twenty-one (70%) patients in Group 2 were “much better” or “very much better” with their device, compared to 7 (39%) in Group 1 (p=0.0008).Conclusions: The Virtue male sling is a valuable treatment option for PPI. Per-operative RLPP measurement significantly improves cure and satisfaction rates.
“Make” or “Buy” the Choice of Governance Modes for Corporate Social Responsibility Projects from a Stakeholder Management Perspective
Authors: Gangi Francesco , D’Angelo Eugenio
Published: July 2017

The organization of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives deals with a “make” or “buy” trade-off among in-house solutions instead of a partial (collaboration) or total (outsourcing) externalization of such activities. This article aims to advance the knowledge of the criteria underlying the governance modes of CSR. In particular, integrating the organizational economics with the insights provided by the stakeholder management, the study deepens the reasons why primary stakeholders, such as human resources (HR) and customers, may affect the choice to internalize the governance of CSR projects. Findings are consistent with the theoretical framework. In fact, internal solutions are more likely for CSR initiatives addressed to HR and customers. Given the direct linkage of these stakeholders with the achievement of the company’s mission, results corroborate the concept of closeness of CSR actions with respect to the firm’s core business as driver of in-house projects.
SHELL PERSONAL ORNAMENTS CRAFT AT THE SITE OF THA KAE, LOPBURI PROVINCE, CENTRAL THAILAND. TRACING THE SOUTHWARD DISPERSAL OF THE DRILLING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ciarla Roberto , Rispoli Fiorella , Yukongdi Pakpadee
Published: July 2017

The collection of mollusk remains excavated at Tha Kae has been recently re-analyzed and identified as to genera or family level. Out of 5 main fresh/salt-water mollusk families, only Conus and Tridacna were used to make personal ornaments and, for Tridacna, small adzes, during the local Bronze Age (BA) (c. 1100-500 BCE).The study of 100 kg of production debris and of whole/fragmentary ornaments demonstrated the manufacturing cycle consisted of two main steps: 1) Procurement of the raw material; 2) Transformation in a sequence of six stages of the raw material into the base material for luxuries that arguably entered inter-regional exchange circuits. The manufacturing cycle, possibly part of a system organized at the community level, implied procurement expeditions and skilled craftspeople able to organize and use the relevant tool kit, whose origin can be traced back to the lower Yangtze valley (late fourth millennium BC). The shell-craft cycle also sheds light on the cognitive processes of the craftsmen, who had to make a choice in order to maximize the output of their work.The study provides newly organized data of direct archaeological interest to the field of Southeast Asian pre-protohistory, as well as to those of social and cultural anthropology, cognitive science, marine palaeobiology and to palaeogeography.
Makna Melahirkan di Rumah bagi Seorang Perempuan
Authors: Kurniawati Wiwit , Rachmawati Imami Nur , Afiyanti Yati
Published: July 2017

Peristiwa persalinan  adalah peristiwa normal dalam kehidupan suatu keluarga, sehingga melahirkan di rumah dengan ditolong tenaga kesehatan merupakan pilihan yang bisa dilakukan oleh perempuan. Studi kualitatif fenomenologi untuk menggali makna melahirkan di rumah bagi perempuan yang melahirkan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan belum banyak dilakukan. Studi ini merupakan bagian dari studi yang lebih besar tentang Pengalaman Perempuan selama Proses Persalinan di rumah di tolong tenaga kesehatan. Tujuh partisipan yaitu perempuan yang telah melewati proses persalinan di rumah dengan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan di wilayah kerja sebuah puskesmas di Kabupaten Malang berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam sebanyak dua kali yang dilengkapi dengan catatan lapangan. Wawancara direkam kemudian dibuat  transkrip wawancara. Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga tema tentang makna melahirkan di rumah yang dirasakan oleh partisipan, meliputi melahirkan sebagai kodrat perempuan, kebahagiaan bagi seorang perempuan yang melahirkan di rumah dan  makna pembelajaran bagi keluarga ketika ibu melahirkan dirumah. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan  informasi yang bermanfaat dalam penentuan kebijakan  untuk membuat desain program maupun  intervensi keperawatan guna membantu memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan kesehatan ibu bersalin di rumah. Abstract The Meaning of Home Birth for a Woman.  Pregnancy and childbirth are a normal and healthy moments in life of the family. Home birth experience assisted by the health professionals can be a woman’s choice. A study of qualitative phenomenology about the meaning of home birth for women assisted by health provider is still rare. This study is a part of a research about women’s experience during labor with home birth assisted by the health providers. Seven women experienced child birth processes at home with the assisting of health providers in a public health center in Malang municipal, East Java. Data was collected by conducting two interviews along with the field notes. The interview was recorded, than, transcribed. The research finding discussed about the women experiences of home birth processes assisted by the health providers. Furthermore, this research discussed about the deep meaning of home birth for a women, including the nature of birthing and childbirth as women, the happiness for a woman who experienced child birth processes at home and the meaning the family life learning when the mother experiencing child birth processes at home. The result of this research is considered for giving information in determine policy in designing program of nursing intervention design for assisting and providing the women health needs in home birth processes. Keywords: meaning, home birth, women, health provider
Avaliação da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Natal a partir das crenças dos seus usuários Evaluation of Family Health Strategy in Natal from the beliefs of its users
Authors: Melo Cynthia de Freitas , Alchieri João Carlos , Magalhães Bárbara Jéssyca , Araújo Neto João Lins de
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a Estratégia Saúde da Família em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, através das crenças de seus usuários, para verificar os acertos e entraves da estratégia, para fornecer feedback aos seus gestores e comunidade e para obtenção de um serviço de saúde eficaz. Método: Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de cunho qualitativo, onde foram realizados cinco grupos focais, um em cada Distrito Sanitário (DS), totalizando 26 usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Resultados: Identificou-se uma avaliação positiva da localização e identificação das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). Destacaram-se, entretanto, problemas em diversos setores: infraestrutura física, recursos materiais, recursos humanos, acessibilidade aos serviços, atendimento preventivo, sistema de referência, compreensão da comunidade sobre a ESF, distritalização, vínculo entre comunidade e profissionais e Conselho Municipal de Saúde. Conclusão: Esses fatores contribuem para a busca por serviços particulares. Descritores: Estratégia saúde da família, Avaliação de Programas e projetos de Saúde, Opinião pública.
Perfil epidemiológico do diabetes mellitus em um estado do nordeste brasileiro Epidemiological profile of Diabetes Mellitus in a northeastern brazilian state
Authors: Araujo Filho Augusto Cezar Antunes de , Almeida Priscilla Dantas , Araujo Anna Karolina Lages de , Sales Isabela Maria Magalhães , Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista de , Rocha Silvana Santiago da
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico do Diabetes Mellitus no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, entre 2002 e 2012. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, com coleta retrospectiva. Foram utilizados dados secundários do Sistema HiperDia disponíveis no DATASUS. Resultados: Foram registrados 8.551 casos, dos quais, 75,4% do tipo 2 e 24,6% do tipo 1. Em todos os anos do estudo, o maior número de casos ocorreu na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, tanto no tipo 1 quanto no tipo 2. O sexo feminino foi o mais acometido pela doença (60,37%). Das comorbidades associadas, a que apresentou maior frequência foi doença renal tanto em pacientes com DM tipo 1 (3,4%), quanto em pacientes com DM tipo 2 (2,2%). Conclusão: O conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico é essencial para o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde mais efetivas e voltadas à realidade do DM no Estado do Piauí.
Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em um município do nordeste brasileiro: Uma análise retrospectiva Epidemiological profile of leprosy in a municipality in the Brazilian Northeast: a retrospective analysis
Authors: De Oliveira Layze Braz , Silva Alves Eliracema , Maria Evangelista de Araújo Telma , Venâncio de Melo Ivone , Do Perpétuo Socorro Araújo Rosineidia , Maria Ferreira Marques Lindalva
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no estado do Piauí. Método: estudo epidemiológico transversal, com coleta retrospectiva. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, de pacientes com hanseníase, referentes ao período de 2005 a 2014. Foram avaliadas a taxa de detecção, grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico e na cura e a proporção da cura. Resultados: totalizaram 13.787 casos de hanseníase, o coeficiente de detecção diminuiu ao longo dos anos, o grau de incapacidade física a ser avaliado no diagnóstico  e na cura apresentou uma tendência de redução de avaliação, o percentual de cura foi regular (%?). Conclusão: a proporção de casos detectados com grau de incapacidade e o predomínio de formas passivas de detecção sugerem diagnóstico tardio e corroboram a importância da integração das ações de controle da hanseníase na atenção básica.
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna por hipertensão: análise situacional de um estado nordestino entre 2004-2013 Epidemiological profile of maternal mortality due to hypertension: situational analysis of a northeastern state between 2004 and 2013
Authors: Pereira Gesiane Tenório , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Silva Jovânia Marques de Oliveira e , Nagliate Patricia de Carvalho
Published: July 2017

Objetivou-se conhecer o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna por síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais no estado de Alagoas no período compreendido entre 2004 e 2013. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento epidemiológico, descritivo, documental, transversal e abordagem quantitativa de uma série histórica no período de 2004 a 2013 em um estado do Nordeste. Os dados foram coletados através da base de dados da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do estado de Alagoas. Observou-se um número maior de óbitos maternos declarados por síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais no ano de 2006, na faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos, por hipertensão materna com causa não específica. As síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais são consideradas importantes complicações do ciclo gravídico-puerperal, sendo uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade materna e perinatal, merecendo atenção especial por parte dos profissionais da saúde ligados à área materno-infantil.
Perfil dos familiares de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial: distribuição por tipo de serviço
Authors: Demarco Daiane de Aquino , Jardim Vanda Maria da Rosa , Kantorski Luciane Prado
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil socioeconômico e demográfico dos familiares cuidadores de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do tipo I, II e III. Métodos: Trata– se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, que integra a pesquisa de Avaliação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da Região Sul do Brasil II em 2011. Os participantes do estudo foram os 1242 familiares de usuários dos CAPS. Resultados: A maioria dos familiares são mulheres, brancos, com idades entre 40 a 60 anos, com baixa escolaridade e renda, casados, pais ou mães dos usuários. Pode-se perceber que as características sociodemográficas dos familiares cuidadores se distribuem de forma semelhante entre as três modalidades de serviço avaliado (CAPS I, CAPS II e CAPS III). Conclusão: A partir do conhecimento do perfil dos familiares permite propor uma assistência e suporte mais focado nas particularidades de cada grupo.
Estimulação em idosos institucionalizados: efeitos da prática de atividades cognitivas Stimulation in institutionalized elderly people: effects of cognitive activity practice
Authors: De Lima neto Alcides Viana , De Araújo Nunes Vilani Medeiros , Andrade de Oliveira Kamilla Sthefany , De Azevedo Lívia Maria , Barbalho Mesquita Gabriella Xavier
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar aspectos cognitivos em idosos institucionalizados antes e após a realização de atividades de estimulação cognitiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo quase-experimental, contemplando uma abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado em uma instituição de longa permanência na cidade do Natal/RN com os idosos que atingiram o ponto de corte no instrumento de pesquisa Mini Exame do Estado Mental, que somam apenas 26% do total de residentes. Resultados: Após as atividades de estimulação percebeu-se que os idosos conseguiram manter ou aumentar a pontuação para os diversos aspectos avaliados. Foi comprovado pela análise estatística, utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon, que há diferença significativa entre os grupos antes e depois, dado pelo p-valor=0,027. Conclusão: Identificou-se que com a realização de atividades de estimulação cognitiva foram obtidas respostas que contribuíram com o aumento do escore do mini exame do estado mental. Descritores: Idoso, Institucionalização, Cognição.
Rede social de apoio do homem sobrevivente ao câncer: estudo de caso etnográfico Supportive social network to men who survived cancer: ethnographic case study
Authors: Pinto Bruna Knob , Muniz Rosani Manfrin , Do Amaral DeboraEduarda Duarte , Das Neves Franciele Budziareck , Viegas Aline da Costa , Barboza Michele Cristiene Nachtigall
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Apresentar a rede social de apoio do homem sobrevivente ao câncer de próstata. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso etnográfico realizado com dois homens sobreviventes ao câncer de próstata com alto grau de resiliência. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio, no período de abril e maio de 2012, por meio da entrevista semiestruturada em profundidade, da observação participante e do ecomapa. Resultados: Pela análise dos dados, se construiu três unidades de sentido: “O papel do homem no âmbito familiar”, “A crença religiosa como forma de apoio” e “Relação médico-paciente: implicações na sobrevivência do homem ao câncer”. Conclusão: Apreende-se que a família e a espiritualidade destes homens foram importantes redes de apoio social na construção de sua sobrevivência, bem como, uma comunicação esclarecedora prestada pelos profissionais de saúde auxiliou a vivenciar esse processo com maior segurança e tranquilidade.
Implicações do uso de agrotóxicos:Percepções de familiares de crianças portadoras de neoplasia Implications of pesticide use: perceptions of families of children with cancer
Authors: Camponogara Silviamar , De Lima Rodrigues Isis Lima , Dias Gisele Loise , Moura Lenize Nunes , Viero Cibelle Mello , Miorin Jeanini Dalcol
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções de familiares de crianças portadoras de neoplasia atuantes como trabalhadores rurais acerca do processo de adoecimento e implicações do uso de agrotóxicos. Método: os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista dirigida orientada por um formulário sociodemográfico e entrevista semi-estruturada, durante os meses de outubro de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. Os resultados transcritos foram analisados com base no referencial proposto para análise temática.  Resultados: dos resultados emergiram duas categorias temáticas intituladas Percepções de familiares frente ao processo de adoecimento da criança e Percepções de familiares frente ao uso de agrotóxicos. Conclusão: acredita-se que a inserção da discussão sobre a problemática dos agrotóxicos na atividade rural possibilita novos olhares, visando a minimizar a crise ambiental, o processo de adoecimento e ampliar o entendimento do processo de saúde-doença como resultante, também, da integração do ser humano com o meio ambiente.
O trabalho no serviço residencial terapêutico: possibilidades na reconstrução de vidas fora dos manicômios The work at therapeutic residential service: possibilities of rebuilding life outside the limits of a mental hospital
Authors: Antonacci Milena Hohmann , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Guedes Ariane da Cruz , Cortes Jandro Moraes
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: compreender o processo de trabalho dos profissionais do Serviço Residencial Terapêutico, suas potencialidades e limites na reconstrução da vida fora dos muros do manicômio. Método: É um estudo de caso, com abordagem de investigação qualitativa. Resutados e Discussão: demonstrou uma nova construção acerca do objeto de trabalho, o sujeito em sofrimento psíquico, que agora é visto como um objeto ampliado, pertencente a um território, a um grupo familiar, e social. Da mesma forma, um amplo arsenal de meios/instrumentos utilizados estão baseados no saber psicossocial, na utilização do encontro da cidade com a loucura, e na apropriação do entendimento da loucura enquanto um modo diferente de relação com o mundo, que indica como finalidade do processo modos diferentes de inserção social. Conclusão: Essa percepção busca efetivar a substituição dos manicômios pela liberdade de circular pela cidade, num movimento de reconstrução da vida fora dos manicômios.
Representações de pacientes oncológicos sobre o tratamento de quimioterapia antineoplásica Oncologic patients representations about the antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment
Authors: Cunha Fernanda Furtado da , Vasconcelos Esleane Vilela , Silva Silvio Éder Dias da , Freitas Karina de Oliveira
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Compreender e identificar as representações de pacientes oncológicos sobre o tratamento de quimioterapia antineoplásica e o cuidado de enfermagem. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, analisada a luz dos fenômenos da teoria das representações sociais e da técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin, realizada no período de 24 de junho a 31 de julho de 2015, com 22 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer e em tratamento de quimioterapia. Resultados: Após análise do material colhido foram consolidadas três unidades temáticas. Assim denominadas: “quimioterapia a chance de cura”, “o cuidado de enfermagem na quimioterapia”, “o cotidiano das relações interpessoais durante o tratamento de quimioterapia” e “as dificuldades durante o tratamento de quimioterapia”. Conclusão: Através da pesquisa, pode se observar a importância da educação em saúde para o entendimento dos pacientes e de seus familiares sobre o câncer e seu tratamento.
Enfermagem e o processo de desinstitucionalização no âmbito da saúde mental: revisão integrativa Nursing and the deinstitutionalization process in the mental health scope: integrative review
Authors: Pessoa Júnior João Mário , Clementino Francisco de Sales , Santos Raionara Cristina de Araújo , Vitor Allyne Fortes , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Sintetizar o conhecimento produzido sobre a atuação da enfermagem no processo de desinstitucionalização no âmbito da saúde mental. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada a partir de busca on-line de estudos nas bases de dados: CINAHL, Scopus e LILACS. Identificou-se o total de 72 artigos, dos quais, sete foram incluídos na revisão, mediante leitura dos títulos, resumos e os critérios de inclusão e exclusão adotados. Resultados: A partir da síntese dos estudos, observou-se que a atuação de enfermagem frente ao processo de desinstitucionalização em saúde mental tem priorizado atividades terapêuticas interdisciplinares voltadas à reinserção dos pacientes com transtornos mentais no convívio familiar e na sociedade. Conclusão: O processo de cuidar em saúde mental realizado pela enfermagem exige cada vez mais iniciativa, criatividade e o estabelecimento de vínculos afetivos e sociais, até conceitos teóricos e científicos da profissão.
Global distribution of the He+ column density observed by Extreme Ultra Violet Imager on the International Space Station
Authors: Hozumi Yuta , Saito Akinori , Yoshikawa Ichiro , Yamazaki Atsushi , Murakami Go , Yoshioka Kazuo , Chen Chia‐Hung
Published: July 2017

The global distribution of He+ in the topside ionosphere was investigated using data of the He+ resonant scattering emission at 30.4 nm obtained by the Extreme Ultra Violet Imager (EUVI) onboard the International Space Station. The optical observation by EUVI from the low‐Earth orbit provides He+ column density data above the altitude of 400 km, presenting a unique opportunity to study the He+ distribution with a different perspective from that of past studies using data from in situ measurements. We analyzed data taken in 2013 and elucidated, for the first time, the seasonal, longitudinal, and latitudinal variations of the He+ column density in the dusk sector. It was found that the He+ column density in the winter hemisphere was about twice that in the summer hemisphere. In the December solstice season, the magnitude of this hemispheric asymmetry was large (small) in the longitudinal sector where the geomagnetic declination is eastward (westward). In the June solstice season, this relationship between the He+ distribution and the geomagnetic declination is reversed. In the equinox seasons, the He+ column densities in the two hemispheres are comparable at most longitudes. The seasonal and longitudinal dependence of the hemispheric asymmetry of the He+ distribution was attributed to the geomagnetic meridional neutral wind in the F region ionosphere. The neutral wind effect on the He+ distribution was examined with an empirical neutral wind model, and it was confirmed that the transport of ions in the topside ionosphere is predominantly affected by the F region neutral wind and the geomagnetic configuration.
Late Miocene Pacific plate kinematic change explained with coupled global models of mantle and lithosphere dynamics
Authors: Stotz I. L. , Iaffaldano G. , Davies D. R.
Published: July 2017

The timing and magnitude of a Pacific plate motion change within the past 10 Ma remains enigmatic, due to the noise associated with finite‐rotation data. Nonetheless, it has been hypothesized that this change was driven by the arrival of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) at the Melanesian arc and the consequent subduction polarity reversal. The uncertainties associated with the timing of this event, however, make it difficult to quantitatively demonstrate a dynamical association. Here, we first reconstruct the Pacific plate's absolute motion since the mid‐Miocene (15 Ma), at high‐temporal resolution, building on previous efforts to mitigate the impact of finite‐rotation data noise. We find that the largest change in Pacific plate‐motion direction occurred between 10 and 5 Ma, with the plate rotating clockwise. We subsequently develop and use coupled global numerical models of the mantle/lithosphere system to test hypotheses on the dynamics driving this change. These indicate that the arrival of the OJP at the Melanesian arc, between 10 and 5 Ma, followed by a subduction polarity reversal that marked the initiation of subduction of the Australian plate underneath the Pacific realm, were the key drivers of this kinematic change.
Relation of internal gravity wave anisotropy with neutral wind characteristics in the upper atmosphere
Authors: Medvedev А. V. , Ratovsky K. G. , Tolstikov M. V. , Oinats A. V. , Alsatkin S. S. , Zherebtsov G. A.
Published: July 2017

This paper studies the interaction of internal gravity waves (IGW) with neutral wind using the statistics of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) from the Radio Physical Complex of the Institute of Solar‐Terrestrial Physics. The complex includes the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (IISR), Irkutsk Ionosonde (DPS‐4), and Ekaterinburg HF Radar (EKB). The aim of this study is to give a common explanation for the TID azimuth distributions obtained with the IISR‐ionosonde and HF coherent radar and show that the measurements of 3‐D TID characteristics put into the hands of researchers an important tool to study neutral wind in the thermosphere. The distinctive features of this study are the following: (1) using different TID statistics from independent tools and, correspondingly, independent methods for determining TID characteristics; (2) using the 3‐D TID characteristics for testing the wind‐filtering hypothesis, which allows us to separate the IGW‐induced TIDs from TIDs of other nature and identify three TID types depending on their elevation angles; and (3) using the local time‐azimuth distribution of the TID number for testing the wind‐filtering hypothesis. This study allowed us to conclude that the observed IGW azimuth anisotropy can be mainly explained by the wind filtration mechanism with considering winds at 90–250 km heights. Using the 3‐D IGW characteristics allows us to estimate neutral wind parameters. Proposed methods are applicable for any tool which can obtain TID 3‐D characteristics. Using the proposed methods will enable us to organize a worldwide campaign to improve the existing neutral wind models.
tBHQ Suppresses Osteoclastic Resorption in Xenogeneic‐Treated Dentin Matrix‐Based Scaffolds
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Li Jie , Li Hui , Yang Hefeng , Chen Jinlong , Yang Bo , Huo Fangjun , Guo Weihua , Tian Weidong
Published: July 2017

Extracellularmatrix (ECM)‐based scaffolds are important for their potential therapeutic application. Treated dentin matrix (TDM), a kind of ECM, seeded with allogeneic dental follicle stem cells (TDM/aDFC) provides a suitable inductive microenvironment for tooth root regeneration. Considering the limited sources, xenogeneic TDM (xTDM) is a possible alternative to allogeneic TDM; however, xTDM‐based scaffold presents severe osteolysis and resorption lacunae causing regenerated tooth root failure. Immune response–induced excessive osteoclastogenesis plays a critical role in xenogeneic scaffold osteolysis and resorption. The impact of antioxidant, tert‐butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), on xTDM/aDFCs‐induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption in vivo and in vitro are investigated. tBHQ upregulates heme oxygenase‐1 release and downregulates high mobility group box 1 mRNA expression. mRNA expression of other osteoclast‐related genes including nuclear factor‐kappa Bp65, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B, nuclear factor of activated T‐cells cytoplasmic 1, cathepsin K, and integrin β3, also decreases significantly. Furthermore, tBHQ‐treated xTDM/aDFCs scaffolds implanted into rhesus macaques show reduced osteolysis and osteoclastic resorption by microcomputed tomography and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining. tBHQ‐induced suppression of xTDM/aDFC‐induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption presents a new strategy for the regeneration of biological tooth root and could be applied to the regeneration of other complex tissues and organs.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of β‐(Hetero)arylethenesulfonyl Fluorides via a Pd(OAc)2 Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Process with DDQ or AgNO3 as an Oxidant
Authors: Zha Gao‐Feng , Bare Grant A. L. , Leng Jing , Shang Zhen‐Peng , Luo Zhixiong , Qin Hua‐Li
Published: July 2017

A practical oxidative Heck reaction between organoboronic acids and ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) is developed. Aryl‐ and heteroaryl‐boronic acids react efficiently and stereoselectively with ESF in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 and 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) or AgNO3 in AcOH to afford the corresponding E‐isomer of β‐arylethenesulfonyl fluoride products. The utility of this reaction is exemplified by an expanded scope of 47 examples including N‐, O‐, and S‐containing heteroaromatics, demonstrating chemoselectivity over aryliodides, and gram‐scale operation without the requirement for strict anhydrous or oxygen‐free conditions. Furthermore, this procedure discriminates against the formation of arylboronic acids homo‐coupling byproducts. In addition, the preparation of the first aryl vinylsulfonate polymer, a material with functionalizable Michael acceptor sites, from a starting arylboronic acid is described.

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Toward Highly Efficient Nanostructured Solar Cells Using Concurrent Electrical and Optical Design
Authors: Wang Hsin‐Ping , He Jr‐Hau
Published: July 2017

Recent technological advances in conventional planar and microstructured solar cell architectures have significantly boosted the efficiencies of these devices near the corresponding theoretical values. Nanomaterials and nanostructures have promising potential to push the theoretical limits of solar cell efficiency even higher using the intrinsic advantages associated with these materials, including efficient photon management, rapid charge transfer, and short charge collection distances. However, at present the efficiency of nanostructured solar cells remains lower than that of conventional solar devices due to the accompanying losses associated with the employment of nanomaterials. The concurrent design of both optical and electrical components will presumably be an imperative route toward breaking the present‐day limit of nanostructured solar cells. This review summarizes the losses in traditional solar cells, and then discusses recent advances in applications of nanotechnology to solar devices from both optical and electrical perspectives. Finally, a rule for nanostructured solar cells by concurrently engineering the optical and electrical design is devised. Following these guidelines should allow for exceeding the theoretical limit of solar cell efficiency soon.
The phenotype of EZH2 haploinsufficiency—1.2‐Mb deletion at 7q36.1 in a child with tall stature and intellectual disability
Authors: Suri Tanay , Dixit Abhijit
Published: July 2017

Weaver syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome with distinct facial features in young children and variable learning disability. Heterozygous missense mutations in EZH2 are present in over 90% of patients with Weaver syndrome but the exact mechanism by which EZH2 mutations cause Weaver syndrome is unknown. We report an 11‐year‐old boy with a de novo 1.2‐Mb deletion at 7q36.1 including EZH2 who has tall stature, significant intellectual disability, and some physical features of Weaver syndrome. Emerging evidence in the literature indicates that Weaver syndrome EZH2 mutations may result in loss of function of the gene and our report suggests that haploinsufficiency of EZH2 may replicate the clinical phenotype of Weaver syndrome.
Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,1‐Diarylethylene Scaffolds
Authors: Naret Timothée , Provot Olivier , Alami Mouad , Hamze Abdallah
Published: July 2017

1,1‐Diarylethylene derivatives have received great interest from chemists for their applications in polymerization chemistry and medicinal chemistry. This Focus Review presents a non‐exhaustive overview of the metal‐catalyzed processes for the synthesis of 1,1‐diarylethylene compounds.
Brain microvascular injury and white matter disease provoked by diabetes‐associated hyperamylinemia
Authors: Ly Han , Verma Nirmal , Wu Fengen , Liu Miao , Saatman Kathryn E. , Nelson Peter T. , Slevin John T. , Goldstein Larry B. , Biessels Geert Jan , Despa Florin
Published: July 2017

Objective

The brain blood vessels of patients with type 2 diabetes and dementia have deposition of amylin, an amyloidogenic hormone cosecreted with insulin. It is not known whether vascular amylin deposition is a consequence or a trigger of vascular injury. We tested the hypothesis that the vascular amylin deposits cause endothelial dysfunction and microvascular injury and are modulated by amylin transport in the brain via plasma apolipoproteins.

Methods

Rats overexpressing amyloidogenic (human) amylin in the pancreas (HIP rats) and amylin knockout (AKO) rats intravenously infused with aggregated amylin were used for in vivo phenotyping. We also carried out biochemical analyses of human brain tissues and studied the effects of the aggregated amylin on endothelial cells ex vivo.

Results

Amylin deposition in brain blood vessels is associated with vessel wall disruption and abnormal surrounding neuropil in patients with type 2 diabetes and dementia, in HIP rats, and in AKO rats infused with aggregated amylin. HIP rats have brain microhemorrhages, white matter injury, and neurologic deficits. Vascular amylin deposition provokes loss of endothelial cell coverage and tight junctions. Intravenous infusion in AKO rats of human amylin, or combined human amylin and apolipoprotein E4, showed that amylin binds to plasma apolipoproteins. The intravenous infusion of apolipoprotein E4 exacerbated the brain accumulation of aggregated amylin and vascular pathology in HIP rats.

Interpretation

These data identify vascular amylin deposition as a trigger of brain endothelial dysfunction that is modulated by plasma apolipoproteins and represents a potential therapeutic target in diabetes‐associated dementia and stroke. Ann Neurol 2017;82:208–222
Thinking about the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Can a China‐Led Development Bank Improve Sustainability in Asia?
Authors: Hanlon Robert J.
Published: July 2017

This article offers three arguments outlining the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's significance and to help policy planners navigate the complex relationship between China, the Bank and themes of sustainability. First, there is little uncertainty that China is serious about development and sustainability. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is but one extension of China's increasing commitment to sustainability and should therefore be embraced by development stakeholders. Second, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's commitment to infrastructure development complements other multilateral development banks and should not be considered a challenger to the existing order of development lending practices. Rather, China's interest in establishing the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank points to competitive pluralism and poses no threat to the existing international order. Finally, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's sustainability guidelines are not unique and fall in line with similar policy of other large development banks. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank therefore reinforces sustainability norms while posturing itself as a partner for development.
Linking Brain Arteriovenous Malformations With Anorectal Hemorrhoids: A Clinical and Anatomical Review
Authors: Cuoco Joshua A. , Hoehmann Christopher L. , Hitscherich Kyle , Zakhary Sherry M. , Leheste Joerg R. , Torres German
Published: July 2017

Patients who harbor brain arteriovenous malformations are at risk for intracranial hemorrhage. These malformations are often seen in inherited vascular diseases such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. However, malformations within the brain also sporadically occur without a hereditary‐coding component. Here, we review recent insights into the pathophysiology of arteriovenous malformations, in particular, certain signaling pathways that might underlie endothelial cell pathology. To better interpret the origins, determinants and consequences of brain arteriovenous malformations, we present a clinical case to illustrate the phenotypic landscape of the disease. We also propose that brain arteriovenous malformations might share certain signaling dimensions with those of anorectal hemorrhoids. This working hypothesis provides casual anchors from which to understand vascular diseases characterized by arteriovenous lesions with a hemorrhagic‐ or bleeding‐risk component. Anat Rec, 2017. © The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists. Anat Rec, 300:1973–1980, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.