bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Implementasi Electronic-Cutoms Declaration dari Sudut Pandang Pengguna Jasa
Authors: Wibowo Shabha Amadea , Irshadi Ardandy Amrie
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis harapan dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap implementasi Electronic-Customs Declaration (E-CD) di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan eGovQual dan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). E-CD, yang diimplementasikan sejak 2022 secara bertahap di berbagai bandara internasional, merupakan bentuk digitalisasi atas proses deklarasi barang bawaan penumpang sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor PMK-203/PMK.04/2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sentimen masyarakat terhadap E-CD dan mengidentifikasi titik kritis yang perlu diperbaiki guna meningkatkan kualitas layanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner yang disebarkan kepada 57 responden yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden telah mengetahui kewajiban pengisian E-CD dan mayoritas mengisi formulir pada hari kedatangan di Indonesia. Analisis IPA mengungkapkan bahwa indikator respon cepat petugas bea cukai memerlukan perhatian khusus, sementara keandalan dan kepercayaan terhadap layanan E-CD sudah memenuhi harapan publik. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara harapan dan kinerja layanan, yang terutama disebabkan oleh faktor non-teknologi seperti pengetahuan dan dukungan petugas. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini mencakup perbaikan pada aspek komunikasi publik dan penyempurnaan sistem E-CD guna mendukung implementasi yang lebih efektif di masa depan.
LESSON LEARNED BERDASARKAN BEST PRACTICE PEMUNGUTAN CUKAI ATAS MINUMAN BERPEMANIS DALAM KEMASAN DI FILIPINA
Authors: Dipinto Ryan Nanda Putra , Setyowati Milla Sepliana
Published: December 2024

Pengenaan cukai atas minuman berpemanis dalam kemasan (MBDK) di Filipina bertujuan untuk menekan konsumsi gula berlebih yang berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya kasus obesitas dan penyakit tidak menular seperti diabetes. Studi ini menganalisis praktik terbaik (best practice) dari penerapan cukai atas MBDK di Filipina yang dapat dijadikan referensi bagi negara-negara lain, termasuk Indonesia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan kebijakan ini dipengaruhi oleh komitmen tinggi dari pemerintah, dukungan dari berbagai pihak, dan kesederhanaan penerapan kebijakan cukai. Selain itu, kebijakan ini mampu mendorong perubahan perilaku konsumsi masyarakat dan reformulasi produk oleh industri. Tantangan dalam implementasi kebijakan ini termasuk perlawanan dari industri minuman dan kekhawatiran dampak sosial-ekonomi bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah. Dengan adanya kolaborasi yang baik antara pemerintah dan pengawas makanan, cukai ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat dalam jangka panjang. Studi ini merekomendasikan Indonesia untuk mengadopsi kebijakan cukai yang serupa, dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi lokal dan kerjasama antar lembaga terkait untuk memastikan keberhasilan kebijakan.
Analisa Model Prediksi Nilai Impor dan Ekspor antara Indonesia dan Mozambique
Authors: Utomo Nurul Budi
Published: December 2024

Perjanjian Perdagangan Preferensial Indonesia-Mozambique (IM-PTA) merupakan salah satu bentuk kerja sama perdagangan bilateral yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia. Data nilai impor dan ekspor yang diperoleh dari BPS selama periode Januari 2019 hingga Juli 2024 menunjukkan adanya fluktuasi yang cukup signifikan. Dalam upaya memprediksi nilai impor dan ekspor pada bulan berikutnya, penelitian ini membandingkan kinerja dua model, yaitu ARIMA dan VAR. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model ARIMA (1,0,0) memberikan prediksi nilai ekspor yang lebih baik dengan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) sebesar 31,15. Akan tetapi, baik model ARIMA maupun VAR tidak mampu memberikan prediksi yang akurat untuk nilai impor, dengan MAPE yang melebihi 100%.
The Hidden Gem of Yellow Basket: A Study on Consumer Purchase Intention Through TikTok Shop Involved Affiliate Marketing
Authors: Caballero Michael , Calvadores Nestle Ann D. L. , Garcia Krishalyn
Published: December 2024

This study explores TikTok’s evolving online environment, focusing on the “TikTok Shop” and the less-known TikTok Business Affiliate Program. This study highlights the challenges consumers face in assessing authenticity among influencers in the era of online purchases, considering TikTok’s ever-changing marketing environment. This study analyzed the impact of Involved Affiliate Marketing on consumer purchase intention, emphasizing the creation of authentic connections through the trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness of involved affiliate marketing that benefits businesses and organizations. A quantitative methodology was used in this study. The researchers used simple random sampling to identify their respondents, in which the researchers selected and asked three hundred seventy-eight (378) respondents within Metro Manila. The researchers applied the following statistical treatment: Weighted Mean and Simple Linear Regression to analyze the data. In conclusion, the incorporation of involved affiliate marketing in TikTok’s online shop proved to be extremely beneficial for encouraging consumer purchase intentions. Results showed that involved affiliate marketing, with its sub-variables: Expertise, Attractiveness, and Trustworthiness, has a significant effect on the purchasing intention of consumers and that Involved affiliate marketing, with its sub-variables: Expertise and Attractiveness—has a significant effect on the Attitude of consumers, while sub-variable: Trustworthiness—has a significant effect on the norms of consumers.
A Review of the Impact of Post-2010 International & Regional Political Developments on the Downturn of Turkey's Economy
Authors: Neslinebi Seyfeddin , Rahmawati Santi
Published: December 2024

In the post-2010 era, Turkey faced a volatile geopolitical landscape marked by the Arab Spring, the Syrian Civil War, shifting alliances, and heightened tensions with Western countries. These political challenges have had significant economic repercussions, including declining foreign direct investment, deteriorating currency stability, and decreased investor confidence. Additionally, domestic political shifts have exacerbated Turkey's financial vulnerabilities, such as consolidating power under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and increasing centralization of economic decision-making. This study examines the effects of regional and international developments (European Union, the United States, Russia) since 2010 on the decline of the Turkish economy. Literature review approach were used to gather relevant academic papers, reports, and other secondary data. The thematic analysis was taken to make this research more comprehensive and cover the pivotal aspects. The findings highlight the need for policy reforms to navigate international political tensions and financial recovery. The research underscores the intertwined nature of politics and economics in Turkey, demonstrating how political instability has deepened the economic downturn. Moreover, Turkey is geopolitically within active social structures and has powerful political, social, and economic relations with Western and Eastern societies. Therefore, any event that develops in the East or the West can quickly and effectively affect Turkey's political, social, and economic structure.
Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Utilizing the Extract of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Leaves, Guava (Psidium Guajava) Leaves, and Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves
Authors: Espina Kathleen E. , Yazon Alberto D. , Manaig Karen D. , Sapin Sherwin B. , Buenvinida Lerma P.
Published: December 2024

Dye- sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a third-generation solar cells that utilize natural dyes from leaves extract to absorb sunlight and generate electricity. This study aimed to investigate the performance of DSSCs using the leaf extracts of cassava, guava, and mango as natural dyes in terms of UV-Vis absorption and energy output. The experimental method was applied in which the researcher constructed three DSSCs, with each treatment involving the same fabrication and construction. The UV-Vis Spectrum peak value and UV absorption was obtained from UV-Vis Analysis. A multimeter was used to record each voltage to determine the energy output produced by the DSSCs and the commercial solar cell. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the significant difference in the UV absorption of the natural dyes. To determine the significant difference between the three treatments and control in pairwise comparison in terms of energy output, One-Way ANOVA Analysis and Post Hoc Tukey were used. The results showed no significant difference in UV absorption among the three natural dyes. This result signified that the same pigment content gave almost the same UV absorbance at a common UV spectrum peak wavelength. DSSCs with natural dyes produce less electrical energy than commercial solar cells. There was a significant difference in the energy output between the three treatments and the control. DSSCs utilizing natural dyes produced electrical energy in smaller amounts.
Síndrome de Burnout no Ambiente de Trabalho em Navios de Cruzeiros
Authors: DE CARVALHO MADSON FARIAS
Published: December 2024

A síndrome de Burnout é um transtorno psíquico cada vez mais reconhecido em contextos laborais que demandam alta carga emocional e física. Este artigo investiga a ocorrência da síndrome de Burnout entre os trabalhadores de navios de cruzeiros, um ambiente caracterizado por jornadas extensas, isolamento social e pressão para a excelência no atendimento. O estudo busca compreender os fatores desencadeantes, as consequências para os profissionais e possíveis estratégias de prevenção e intervenção.
Beyond Content: Psychological Structure of Political Beliefs
Authors: Czarnek Gabriela , Jasko Katarzyna , Dudek Iwona Anna , Piotrowska Maja Lidia
Published: December 2024

Research on the structure of political beliefs is predominantly focused on identifying the dimensions underlying issue positions. In contrast, the goal of this research was to uncover the psychological structure underlying ideological beliefs regardless of their content. Drawing from the diverse literature, we identified 18 potentially relevant dimensions that could describe political beliefs. Guided by motivational model of belief, we expected three overarching factors: importance, certainty, and metacognitive difficulty. Using a comprehensive list of 50 political issues, we verified this structure across the three countries: the US, Poland, and India (total N = 2,838). Our predictions were largely confirmed in the US sample. However, in Poland and in India, there were two main uncorrelated factors: (1) importance & certainty, and (2) metacognitive difficulty. We also found that higher importance, higher certainty, and lower metacognitive difficulty were associated with more extreme positions. However, importance was the key predictor of advocacy intentions. These findings offer a unifying framework for describing ideological beliefs regardless of their content and have implications for understanding ideological thinking, political prejudice, or cultural differences in ideology.
Study and comparison of air pollution in three stations of Pokhara valley
Authors: Pandey Santosh , Basnet Kailash , Subedi Pramod , Subedi Aabiskar , Sapkota Santosh
Published: December 2024

In recent years, air pollution has become a pressing global challenge. Nepal is no exception, facing increasing air pollution as rapid urbanisation, a surge in vehicles, poor vehicle management, infrastructure development, and industrial growth have significantly degraded air quality across many cities. This review explores the escalating air pollution in Nepal by analysing recent trends in Pokhara Valley. Using available aerosol data from 2018 to 2020, this study provides a detailed assessment of air quality and its detrimental health impacts in Pokhara. The analysis draws on data from three monitoring stations to assess PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, evaluate compliance with air quality standards, and examine pollution distribution across the valley. In Pokhara, PM2.5 over all three stations is found to be high during winter, especially during (January-February) when air quality exceeds (AQI>100) healthy levels. In contrast, the monthly average data for PM10 is seen (AQI<100) under safer limits despite some noticeable rise in winter seasons. Among these three stations, the DHM station recorded maximum and minimum Air quality index values of 243 in December 2019 and 11 in August and September 2018, respectively. The objectives include identifying key pollution sources and their impact on air quality and offering insights into the region's current state of air pollution. The findings of this study can play a crucial role in informing future planning and policy-making, offering data to help devise effective strategies to mitigate air pollution. These insights contribute to national and global efforts to improve air quality and reduce environmental pollution.
Soil organic carbon and its influencing factors in Nepalese forest ecosystems
Authors: Kaﬂe Gandhiv
Published: December 2024

The importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) in climate regulation and sustainable ecosystem management is increasingly recognized, prompting a comprehensive review of SOC research in Nepal. The objective of this study was to consolidate findings from various empirical studies to provide a holistic understanding of SOC dynamics across Nepalese forests. By integrating data from multiple studies derived from online search and desk reviews, this study seeks to identify patterns and factors influencing SOC stocks, thereby informing more effective land management and conservation strategies. The analysis was prepared based on the articles published in the last 100 years (1925-2024). The collected data were synthesized to identify patterns and key factors influencing SOC stocks in Nepalese forests. A narrative synthesis approach was used to integrate findings across studies, providing a comprehensive understanding of SOC dynamics and sequestration potential in the region. This study highlights the critical role of forest ecosystems in carbon sequestration and the influence of factors such as altitude, slope, canopy cover, and forest type on SOC stocks. The findings indicate that altitude, forest type, and management practices are key factors influencing SOC stocks, with greater carbon accumulation noted in pristine and well-maintained forests. This study highlights the significant role of SOC in climate regulation and sustainable ecosystem management. Advanced techniques like remote sensing and machine learning enhance SOC assessment accuracy, yet challenges such as deforestation and soil erosion persist. Sustainable practices, including conservation agriculture and agroforestry, are essential for SOC sequestration. Interdisciplinary collaboration, policy engagement, and community involvement are crucial for promoting these practices and addressing the challenges of SOC management, contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts.
Economics of fish production demand and trade in terai region of Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Sudha , Raimajhi Asha , Sah Umita , Devkota Hareram , Tripathi Shreeya
Published: December 2024

Aquaculture is gradually establishing itself as a significant agricultural activity in Nepal, a country endowed with abundant water resources and diverse topography. Despite its potential, aquaculture in Nepal, faces significant challenges that hinders optimal fish production and economic returns. This study was conducted in 2022 to 2023 and aims to analyze the current status of fish farming, examining production trends, socio-economic profiles of fish farming households, cost structures, and profitability. The research highlights the achievements of the Game Changer program, which has significantly boosted fish yield through fry production. It also examines the growth and economic feasibility of fish farming in Siraha, Nepal. Over the past decade, fish production has grown significantly, driven by enhanced aquaculture practices and supportive policies, the sector's profitability is reflected by a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.28, despite challenges such as high feed costs and reliance on imported seeds. Fingerling production in Siraha experienced remarkable growth, rising from 5.5 million in 2019/2020 to 13.65 million in, 2021/2022 with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 57.54%. Based on this growth trajectory, fingerling production is expected to reach 37.11 billion by 2034, showcasing the sector’s significant potential for expansion. Despite notable progress, several constraints such as limited technical knowledge, inadequate access and knowledge to quality inputs, and insufficient market infrastructure persist. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address these challenges. Recommendations include enhancing technical training, improving low-cost high-quality inputs, strengthening market facilities, promoting gender balance, and advocating for supportive policies. By leveraging these strategies, Nepal can significantly increase its aquaculture production, contributing to national food security, economic growth, and employment generation.
Socio-economic return analysis of apple farming in Mustang district of Nepal
Authors: Khatri Bishnu Bahadur , Pasa Rajan Binayek , Purja Chandra , Adhikari Devendra
Published: December 2024

Apple farming is commercially done in mountainous regions in Nepal. The aim of this study was to assess social and economic returns of apple farming in Mustang district. The study applied a quantitative approach using multi-site case study methodology. The primary data were collected from 156 respondents by using reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.70) self-administered questionnaires. The study revealed that the mean age, household size, and ethnicity were 49 years, 6 members, and 80% Janajati, respectively. The mean value of irrigated land, non-irrigated land, and leasehold land was found to be 0.59 ha, 0.11 ha, and 0.18 ha respectively. The majority of households (48.7%) have food sufficiency for 6-9 months. Apple farming has enhanced farmers' living standards and quality of life, with improved access to nutritious food and perceived family well-being while creating 464 self-employment and 758 seasonal jobs. The economic analysis showed that the average initial investment in farm businesses as well as income from agriculture and agro-based entrepreneurship were found US$ 1,864, US$ 5,523 and US$ 6,720 respectively. Likewise, average annual expenses for new seeds, fertilizers/pesticides/vitamins, labor, irrigation, and technician visit fee found US$ 354; 1,089; 1,551; 59, and 64 respectively. The annual income from apple farming is 75% associated with annual expenses for technician's fee, fertilizers/pesticide/vitamin, new seeds, irrigation, and labor. Besides, the variables of expense for fertilizer/pesticide/vitamin (t= 2.99, p<0.05), irrigation (t= 0.36, p<0.05), and labor (t= 5.32, p <0.05) are significantly associated with annual income. Respondents with irrigation facilities had higher annual incomes than those without. Apple farming in Mustang is a key income source, offering significant social and economic benefits. However, issues like inadequate cold storage, poor roads, and retailer monopolies persist. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, planners, and technicians advancing apple farming commercialization in Nepal.
Role of Prestenting Versus Non Prestenting in Outcomes of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Renal Stones
Authors: Shah Rajiv , Khanal Sandeep , Khadka Deepesh , Adhikari Kapil
Published: December 2024

Background To find out outcomes of patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery with a ureteral access sheath and without ureteral access sheath in renal stones.MethodsThis is the prospective comparative study of seventy patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery of renal stones ≤2 cm conducted at Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 10, Nepal between August 05, 2023 to February 04 2024 with a convenience sampling method Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: CMC-IRC/080/081-110). The patients age, sex, stone characteristics, operative time, post operative complications, stone free rate and hospital stay are compared between the Prestenting and Non Prestenting groups.ResultsThe mean age of the patients in pre stenting group is 50.31years with standard deviation of 17.29 while in non Prestenting group is 45.55 years with standard deviation of 17.62 with no significant p value. The duration of operation time in Prestenting group is 69.06 minutes with standard deviation of 2.71 to that of 73.63 minutes with standard deviation of 6.88 which shows a significant p value. The stone free rate of Prestenting group is 90.62% while 86.84% in non Prestenting group with no significant p value. Conclusions The role of Prestenting in renal stones only decreases the operation time by facilitating the access sheath comfortably with no other significant differences.
Visual Prostate Symptom Score: Questioning Its Feasibility in The Scenario of a Tertiary Health Care Center of Central Nepal
Authors: Timilsina Bhusan Raj , Kafle Aayush , Giri Saroj , Mahaseth Naveen , Sah Nirmal prasad , Pradhan Sulav , KC Sudeep Raj , Ghimire Rupak Raj
Published: December 2024

Background International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a widely used as a standard, despite the fact that many patients find it time-consuming and confusing. Recent years have seen the development of a Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS), which is thought to be easier and more comprehensible by patients with lower educational status. MethodsThis is a qualitative comparative cross sectional study conducted at College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur Chitwan, from December 2023 to February 2024. Both the IPSS and the VPSS were used to evaluate all of the symptoms, and uroflowmetry values were also collected. Comparisons between the IPSS and VPSS and with uroflowmetry parameters were made.ResultsMean age of the patients was 63.85 years and mean prostate volume was 31.67 gm. Both the results of the total VPSS vs. total IPSS (r = 0.96, p = 0.001) and the VPSS QoL vs. IPSS QoL score (r = 0.97, p = 0.001) showed a high positive connection. There were statistically significant positive correlations between the results of the following tests: VPSS weak stream vs IPSS weak stream (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), VPSS daytime frequency vs IPSS daytime frequency (r = 0.89, p < 0.001), VPSS nocturia vs IPSS nocturia (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), VPSS total vs VPSS QoL score (r = 0.88, p < 0.001), IPSS total vs IPSS QoL score (r = 0.91, p < 0.001).Conclusions When patients with BEP presents with LUTS, the VPSS is a simple and reliable tool to evaluate the severity of the symptoms. Its usefulness in assessing LUTS in patients with lower educational status is an additional benefit.
Evaluating the Necessity to Perform Histopathologic Examination in Routine Tonsillectomy Specimens
Authors: Nepali Rajendra , Dubey Tulika , KC Neeraj , Poudel Suman , Gurung Banita
Published: December 2024

Background Tonsillar diseases are common in adults and pediatric populations, and tonsillectomy is the most frequently performed surgery by Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgeons. There is controversy over whether regular tonsillectomy specimens require histopathological examination. Healthcare resources conduct microscopic and histopathologic investigations so that malignancy is not missed and to prevent medicolegal proceedings. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether a histological investigation of the removed tonsils is required or not. MethodsA four-year retrospective chart review of adult and child patients who underwent tonsillectomies at the Department of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research center, Pokhara, Nepal, from January 2018 to December 2021 was included. The study sample included 173 patients whose postoperative tonsil specimens were routinely sent for histopathological evaluation to diagnose unexpected malignancy. Non-routine indications for tonsillectomy surgery were not included in our analysis. The data obtained included biodata and histopathological diagnoses.ResultsAmong the 173 patients who met our inclusion criteria, 16(9.2%) were children and 157(90.8%) were adults. There were 63(36.4%) males and 110(63.6%) females. The histopathological diagnosis was chronic tonsillitis with hyperplasia (39.3%), chronic tonsillitis (26%), follicular tonsillitis (18.5%), and chronic suppurative tonsillitis (16.2%). Conclusions In the absence of risk factors, malignancy in excised tonsils is very rare; therefore, routine histopathological assessment is not necessary. This will help to escape the financial burden for patients and the waste of pathologists’ time.
Attitude towards communication skills among undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Sharma Sharada , Gurung Bishnu , Kayastha Srijana , Panta Ganga
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Effective communication is an important part of holistic nursing care that improves the patient’s satisfaction. The main aim of this study is to assess the attitude toward communication skills among undergraduate nursing students.
Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study conducted among 271 students studying in constituent nursing campuses of the Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine. A multistage sampling technique was used and information was collected using Communication Skills Attitudes Scale through Google Forms. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. Student t-test and one way ANOVA were used to compare scores between groups of students.
Results: The mean age of students was 24.1±3.3 years. Only 8.9% of students had taken communication skill training and 36.9% perceived language as the barrier to communication. The mean score for positive attitude was 49.5±4.8 and negative attitude was 33.6 ± 4.5 out of 65 with a total mean score of 87.2 ± 6.2. There was a significant difference in positive attitude with marital status and living arrangement (p <0.01). Similarly, significant difference in negative attitudes of students with year of study. The students studying in final year had significant differences in negative attitude with that of the first and second year.
Conclusions: This study concluded that nursing students had a stronger positive attitude in learning communication skills. The students studying in final year had significant difference in negative attitude with that of the first and second year. Thus, it needs to be addressed with efficient instructional interventions during their study period that will lead to effective communication with patient and health care team.
Diagnostic delay among the patients attending DOTS centers in Pokhara: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Karmacharya Ranjita , Pathak Rita , KC Vikash
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Delay in diagnosis not only increases the chances of transmission of tuberculosis in the community but also increases medical costs and mortality. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic delay among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Pokhara.
Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 10 to September 16, 2019. A total of 146 respondents with new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients above 15 years or older were selected consecutively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. A cut-off point of 28 days was considered acceptable for the diagnostic delay. Pearson chi-square test was used to test the association between outcome variables with different categorical independent variables.
Results: Among the 146 tuberculosis patients, 79.5% had diagnostic delays. The mean diagnostic delay was 52.48 (SD=31.79) whereas the median diagnostic delay was 47 days, the minimum delay was five days, and the maximum delay was 180 days. The median age of the respondents was 30 years; 87 were male and 59 were female. Age above 40 years (p=002), marital status (p=0.004), education (p=0.030), occupation (p=0.002), economic status (p=0.006), contact with tuberculosis patients (p=0.040) and smoking habit (p=0.008) were associated with longer total delayed diagnosis.
Conclusions: This study concluded that nearly one-third of tuberculosis patients experienced a diagnostic delay. Patients' demographic factors, family economic conditions, and distance were identified as the key factors for delayed tuberculosis diagnosis. Therefore, public awareness regarding the symptoms of tuberculosis and the importance of seeking early care is essential.  Additionally, improving accessibility to healthcare could mitigate these delays and enhance tuberculosis management outcomes.
Relationship of the optic nerve to the posterior paranasal sinuses among patients visiting a tertiary hospital of Gandaki Province of Nepal: A CT scan anatomic study
Authors: Pangeni Roshan , Mallik Mukesh , Bhattarai Anupama , Pangeni Lamsal Laxmi , Bagale Deepak , Thapa Madan , Bhandari Rajan Mani , Ban Tanka Raj
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) has popularly been used for the effective treatment of paranasal sinus disorders and for the removal of tissue obstructing the osteo meatal complex and the facilitation of drainage. However, almost 16% to 50% of all the complications of the FESS have orbital involvement. The complications are due to the wide variation in the anatomy of the sphenoidal and posterior ethmoidal sinuses. This study aimed to find the prevalence of types of relationships that optic nerves have with the sphenoid sinus and also the prevalence of anatomical variation in sphenoid sinus.
Methods: This is the descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over 210 participants appearing for CT scan imaging of paranasal sinuses. CT scan of paranasal sinus was performed with 5 mm thickness and then reconstructed to 1.5 mm thickness and evaluated to find the relationship of optic nerve with the paranasal sinuses according to Delano et al. classification. Prevalence of Onodi cells and anterior clinoid process pneumatization was also evaluated for variation in sphenoid sinus.
Results: This study found that bilateral optic nerve of Type-I was found in 82.38% people followed by Type-IV in 14.29%. While, Type-III was completely absent in the study population. Prevalence of Onodi cells was 10.95% and that of ACP pneumatization was 6.67%.
Conclusions: Variation in relationship of Optic Nerve with paranasal sinuses found with Type-I being the most common.
Significance of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO antibodies) in patients undergoing thyroid function tests
Authors: Gautam Bijaya , Poudel Satish , Pokhrel Shanti
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme is a poorly glycosylated enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones. TPO antibodies appear where there is tissue destruction in thyroid follicles, thereby making it a good marker for detection of autoimmune thyroid disorders. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the significance of anti-TPO antibodies in patients undergoing a thyroid function test.
Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted on 235 patients who had undergone thyroid function tests (TFTs) along with anti-TPO. Overnight fasting samples were collected, labeled and stored. The serum level of fT3, fT4, TSH and anti-TPO antibodies were measured using CLIA method from Diasorin Liaison instrumentation.
Results: Out of total patients, Male: female ratio of patient was 1:3.35 which showed female preponderance over male. Maximum number of patients belongs to 21 to 30 years age group (87/37.2%). Total 87 patients had thyroid related disorders. Among this, 74 were females, 26 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism (25 were females), 30 had clinical hypothyroidism (26 were females), 4 had subclinical hyperthyroidism (all females) and 27 had clinical hyperthyroidism (19 were females). Positive anti-TPO antibody patients were 73, out of which 59 were female. TSH had significant positive correlation, while T4 and T3 had negative significant correlation with anti-TPO.
Conclusions: Assessment of anti-TPO antibodies is valuable while assessing thyroid function tests, as it can help in early diagnosis as well as to establish autoimmune pathogenesis of thyroid disorders.
Spontaneous Magnetization Reversal Study of LaMnO3/SrTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Bhandari Ghadendra B. , Holcomb Mikel B.
Published: December 2024

The perovskite compound LaMnO3 has gained interest due to its role as a fundamental building block in some heterostructures and its fascinating magnetic phase diagram. In Bulk stoichiometric form, LMO displays A-type antiferromagnetic order. However, thin films exhibit ferromagnetic properties and spontaneous magnetization reversal for zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetization cycles. Our study examined the field-dependent variation of blocking (TB ), freezing (Tf ), and compensation (Tcomp ) temperature associated with the ZFC cycle. The blocking temperature follows the relation TB (H) = TB (0)(1 − H/HK )2 , typical of magnetic nanoparticles indicating nanoclusters of spins in the thin film. The freezing and compensation temperatures exhibited exponential decay with increasing field. We examined the temperature dependence of coercivity and exchange bias. The observed trend in coercivity, combined with the absence of exchange bias, supports the presence of a mixture of weakly interacting superparamagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. Below the blocking temperature coercivity follows the relationship HC (T ) = HC0 [1 − (T /TB )1/2 ].
Impact of Plasma-Activated Water on Germination and Growth of Basmati Rice
Authors: Chalise Roshan , Kattel Avash , Yadav Amrit Kumar , Sharma Sangat , Basnet Suresh , Khanal Raju
Published: December 2024

Basmati rice, renowned for its exceptional aroma, distinct flavor, and long grains, is a staple in global cuisines. Understanding and enhancing the germination and growth of Basmati rice seeds carry significant implications for both agricultural practices and culinary traditions. This study investigates how plasma-activated water, produced through atmospheric pressure air gliding arc discharge, affects Basmati rice seeds’ germination and growth parameters. The physiochemical analysis reveals a progressive increase in water acidity, electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, total dissolved solids, and nitrate/nitrite concentrations as treatment time extends from 0 to 20 minutes. The results highlight a significant impact of plasma-activated water on Basmati rice germination and seedling growth. The seed imbibition rate rises with longer plasma activation, reaching a peak at 10 minutes, leading to maximum seed germination, extended seedling shoots, and increased plant weight compared to the control group. However, prolonged exposure (20 minutes) shows adverse effects on seed germination and growth. These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential applications and limitations of plasma-activated water in Basmati rice.
Interactive Multimedia in Teaching Physics Concepts Effectively
Authors: Kafle Rudra
Published: December 2024

Multimedia communication refers to more than one medium of communication. For example, if we consider a textbook, it has some text at a minimum. It may also have pictures, graphs, tables of data, and so on. In the modern era of digital technology, its span has widened to audio and video recordings and interactive animations. This paper investigates the effectiveness of interactive multimedia tools in improving student learning of physics concepts in introductory college courses. We implemented interactive multimedia tools in the studio-style and Student-Centered Active Learning Environment for Undergraduate Programs (SCALE-UP) classroom settings, and studied their impact on student learning of physics concepts through surveys on their perceptions related to the learning activities based on those tools. Our analysis of the survey data shows that the majority of the students who participated in the surveys found the interactive multimedia activities helpful for learning physics concepts.
Ionospheric Variations in South Korea during the March and April 2023 Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Sharma Lok Nath , Shakya Purna Jyoti , Adhikari Binod , Calabia Andres , Panthi Ananta
Published: December 2024

The magnetic reconnection between the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and the Earth’s magnetic field is the maindriver of solar energy input to generate geomagnetic storms. In this work, we employ data from the Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory (GIRO) to study the effects of the March and April 2023 geomagnetic storms on ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) over the Jeju Island, South Korea. We investigate the possible ionospheric connection to solar wind parameters through cross-correlation and continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) analyses. Total electron content and foF2 show a positive correlation above 0.9 to solar wind proton density (Nsw) without time-lag during both storms. On the other side, during the storm of March 2023, TEC and foF2 show a negative correlation of 0.8 to the IMF By component with a time-lag of one hour, while the IMF Bz component and the geomagnetic SYM-H index show a negative correlation of 0.85 and 0.95, respectively without time lag. Conversely, during the storm of April 2023, the correlation of the IMF Bx component to TEC and foF2 are positive with a value of 0.7 with a time-lag of 2.4 hours, while the IMF By and Bz components show a negative correlation to SYM-H around 0.9 with absence of time-lag. These results show the significant fluctuations in ionospheric parameters over Jeju Island, South Korea and emphasizes the sensitivity and importance of ionosphere to space weather monitoring for understanding and mitigating the detrimental effects on communication and navigation systems.
Can AI Solve Physics Problems? Evaluating Efficacy of AI Models in Solving Higher Secondary Physics Exam Problems: A Comparative Study
Authors: Chapagain Puskar , Malakar Nabin , Rimal Dipak
Published: December 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have grabbed significant attention from diverse technical fields due to their impressive performance on a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Although these models excel in various generative tasks, they lack the robust reasoning ability required to solve complex mathematics and physics problems. Despite their inherent limitations, Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) based chatbots, powered by these large language models, are being rapidly adopted by students in physics and other technical fields. In this project, we assessed the ability of various generative AI-based models to solve Physics problems. We asked currently popular AI models to solve Physics questions from a final board exam of class 12 of the Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB) of Nepal. We then evaluated the AI-written solutions by the subject matter experts. We found that the gpt-4o model by OpenAI performed the best, securing 90% among the models studied. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of these models and compare their performance as evaluated by a University Physics professor. We will also discuss the risks and benefits of their use in higher education.
High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors Based Tracker for the Mu3e Experiment
Authors: Shrestha Shruti
Published: December 2024

The Mu3e experiment is searching for the decay µ + → e+ e− e+ , which involves a violation of charged lepton flavor. The goal is to achieve a branching fraction sensitivity of four orders of magnitude higher than existing limits. To accurately measure the momentum and vertex position of low momentum electrons (10-53 MeV/c) produced by this rare decay, a tracking detector made from High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS) has been used. The MuPix7 chip has an HV- MAPS architecture and is manufactured using 180 nm High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) technology. HV-MAPS are preferred due to their ability to be thinned to 50 µm, tolerance to radiation, high time resolution, and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, to minimize the material used, the pixel readout electronics are embedded inside the sensor chip, supported by a low-mass mechanical structure built with 25 µm Kapton foil. The MuPix7 chip is the first HV-MAPS prototype that implements all functionalities of the final sensor, including a readout state machine. Based on a high-rate test beam, the it has a particle detection efficiency of 99% and meets all the requirements for a small-scale prototype.
Death Where is Your Sting?: Evidence from the Makeham’s Curve of Death Callisthenics
Authors: Ogungbenle Gbenga Michael , Sogunro Ashim Babatunde , Ogungbenle Oluwafemi Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

The curve of death rate represents an effective device in evaluating the modal age at death for the insured population evolving out of the instantaneous measure of the functional relationship  in a particular instant. Results in mortality analysis for a life-aged  are commonly examined but the generation of individual curves of death and gender comparisons of their corresponding auxiliary parameters under Makeham’s parsimonious parametric law are rarely investigated. In this paper, the algebraic method is adopted to measure the curve of death in both males and females using the 2020 survival data of the US actuarial surveillance area for both sexes. This paper attempts to arouse computational derivations using R software for further applications in life insurance valuations within the framework of our technique. The specific objectives were to estimate the sub-parameters of the Makeham’s law, to compute the individual survival function based on the sub-parameters as against interval estimate and to compute the individual curve of death. From the trajectories of the computed curve of death results, the modal age at death for male is roughly 87 years while that of female is 89.5 years. This difference accounts for the risk of exposure in male than in female. Although the female’s ageing rate C and the sub-parameters for female are higher than those of male, computational evidence from the results confirms that the male’s overall curve of death is correspondingly still higher than female’s curve of death.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Mortar Compressive Strength Containing Glass Powder and Eggshell Powder
Authors: Adanu Olekwu Jessica , Olubunmi Adetoye , Olubajo Olumide Olu
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the impact of Glass Powder (GP) and Eggshell Powder (ESP) on the strength properties of various ternary cement blends, focusing particularly on mortar strength. The study explores the possibility of utilizing industrial waste as a viable replacement for Portland Limestone Cement in response to the growing environmental concerns and the increased energy requirements of non-renewable construction materials. In recent times, the application of waste materials such as GP and ESP in the concrete industry has gained considerable attention due to the associated environmental benefits and to manage the accumulation of these materials. Both GP and ESP contain substantial silica content, making them prospective materials for cement substitutes. The study specifically explores the combined effect of these materials on cement blends, which could potentially improve the cement's properties by mitigating some undesirable effects. In line with this, several tests, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were performed on the sample materials to understand their inherent properties and potential interaction when combined in cement blends. The mechanical properties of the resultant mortar were also examined. Using the response surface methodology via Central Composite Design (CCD), the study identified the optimal blending ratio, replacement level, and curing age for the cement blend. A blending ratio of 0.75, a replacement level of 8 wt.%, and a curing age of approximately 60 days resulted in a mortar compressive strength of 41.53N/mm2. The study found that curing age significantly influenced the strength gain attributed to an increase in the hydration reaction time during curing from 3 to 60 days. These findings suggest that using GP and ESP as partial replacements for cement could not only alleviate environmental burdens but also yield significant strength gain in mortar, underlining the promise of these materials in sustainable construction practices. Future research is encouraged to validate these findings and explore large-scale, real-world applications of this approach.
Performance Evaluation of Cassava Starch as Concrete Admixture
Authors: Usman Seidu Abuh , Abubakar Aliyu , Olubunmi Adetoye
Published: December 2024

Concrete is a composite material and the most widely used construction material. It comprises cement, aggregates, and water for hydration purposes. Recently, rapid increases in the cost of construction and problems associated with the use of cement, a major constituent of concrete, have necessitated the search for supplementary cementitious materials in partial replacement of cement in construction works. Admixtures are integrated into concrete to solve problems and improve the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. This research evaluates the performance of concrete containing cassava starch as a mineral admixture. A face-centered cubic central composite response surface design was used to investigate the effects of cassava starch on the compressive strength of concrete at 3, 14, and 28 days, respectively. The cassava starch admixture was varied in the range of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of cement. The effect of cassava starch on the compressive strength of concrete was studied at a constant water-binder ratio of 0.5, using response surface generated by the Design- Expert software 13. The results indicate maximum compressive strengths of the admixed concrete at 0.1% of cassava starch content. It was presumed from a review of related literature that the compressive strength of concrete decreases with an increase in the cassava starch content of the concrete mix. The assumption was found to be correct based on the compressive strength test that was conducted on the cubes with varying cassava starch content (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%). Numerical optimization was conducted, and model equations were generated for concrete with starch as an admixture. 0.1% of cassava starch is recommended as an admixture in concrete production, and, certain admixtures such as air-entraining agents and superplasticizers should be used so as to improve the flow properties of concrete.