bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Mesofauna Bioiversity and Undergrowth Vegetations in Jobolarangan Forest
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , PUJO MARTINUS , MIATI NUR SIH
Published: July 2014

Soil mesofauna is one group of soil biodiversity, which take main role of decomposition processes of organic matter. The objective of this research was to investigate the composition and diversity of soil mesofauna at Jobolarangan forest. Soil samples were collected from 8 sampling points which different vegetation types. Soil mesofaunas extracted by modified Barless-Tullgren extractor apparatus for 4 days. The results showed that in the north side of Jobolarangan forest were identified 6 groups of microarthropods, i.e.: Mesostigma and Astigma (Ordo: Acarina), Isotomidae (Ordo: Collembola), Rhinotermitidae (Ordo: Hymenoptera), Staphyllinidae and Carabidae (Ordo: Coleoptera). The group with highest density and wide distribution was Astigma. There were high diversities of soil mesofauna community structure at Jobolarangan forest.Â© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soil mesofauna, biodiversity, Jobolarangan forest.
Subterranean Types of Endogone Spores in Jobolarangan Forest
Authors: LISTYAWATI SHANTI , HANDADARI DEWI , SARYANTO BUDI , IRAWAN BAYU , HANDAYANI DIAH DWI
Published: July 2014

Endogone spores are spores produced by Endogone genus of VAM fungi, which are abudant in soil. The objective of the research was to assess the types of Endogone spores found in the soil of Jobolarangan forest. Soil samples were taken based on the dominan vegetation, identification and spores screening were then done to the sample. The result research indicated that there were 5 types of spores, namely: white reticulate, yellow vacuolate, red brown laminate, honey colored sessile, and crenulate.Â© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Endogone spores, spore types, Jobolarangan forest
Primary Productivity of the Cengklik Dam Boyolali
Authors: PITOYO ARI , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO
Published: July 2014

Primary productivity dynamic of the water ecosystem was conducted faster in the last decades. This study was intended to find out the primary productivity of Cengklik dam Boyolali, Central Java to explain the ecosystem dynamic and to lead the maintenance of dam. This study used quantitative methods in completely randomized group design (CRD), and the data was analized by Analysis of Variance (ANAVA). Samples were taken horizontally in four sampling point, respectively in the riparian zone, around of the floating net (â€œkarambaâ€), in the center of dam water and around of the ex-paddy fields. There were taken vertically in three-depth point in each of the sampling point, respectively 0.5 meter, 1.5 meter, and 2.5 meter. The results showed that the gross primary productivity of the dam was 11.122.500-22.545.600 mgC/m3/days, and the primary productivity differences in each of the point sampling caused by light intensity, nutrient supply, and abundance of the chlorophyll organisms.Â© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: primary productivity, Cengklik dam
Some Ethnophytomedical Aspects and Conservation Strategy of Several Medicinal Plants in Java, Indonesia
Authors: SANGAT HARINI M. , LARASHATI INGE
Published: July 2014

The importance of medicinal plants for the preparation of â€œjamu" has been recognized in Indonesia and especially Java since ancient times. Jamu usually consists of blends of several kinds of plants or other natural materials. Jamu remains popular and there is an increasing demand for jamu in such diverse fields as health and beauty care, medical treatment and the preparation of fresh beverages. The problems result from the fact of most materials needed for preparation of jamu being natural resources. These materials are collected by the people in the forest and sold to the producers without thought for the conservation of these plants in nature with the consequence that some of the medicinal plants concerned have become difficult to find in the wild. Studies in the field in West, Central and East Java and at jamu enterprises and raw material sales centre show that several species of jamu raw material are very scarce. They should be classified as endangered. In this paper the significance of the endangered species as jamu in traditional Indonesian medicine is assessed and a strategy for conserving them "in situ and ex situ " is discussed.Â© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: conservation, medicinal plant, jamu, Java.
Plankton diversity as bioindicator of Surakarta rivers quality
Authors: ASTIRIN OKID PARAMA , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , HARINI MARTI
Published: July 2014

Rivers have essential role in human cultures. They are sanctuary for amount of biodiversity, but threatened seriouslynow. The objective of this research is to know Surakarta (Solo) rivers quality based on plankton diversity. This townhas amount of kampongs and industrial estates that discard wastes to rivers directly. Plankton community is one of the river qualities indicators, because pollutant and other organisms can influence their population. The research wasconducted at four rivers in Surakarta, namely Pepe River, Premulung River, Anyar River and Jenes River. Data wascollected in triple before and after rivers through the town. Data was analyzed by diversity index of Shannon Wienner.The result indicated that Surakarta rivers had been polluted in degree of lightly to seriously.Â© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: bioindicator, plankton, pollutant, river, Surakarta (Solo) town.
The Early Application of Electrophoresis of Protein in Higher Plant Taxonomy
Authors: SURANTO SURANTO
Published: July 2014

The aims of this research are firstly, to study the advantages of electrophoretic techniques. Secondly, to look at the usefulness of a few mediums support of electrophoretic proteins especially the acrylamide gel. Thirdly, to examine thenumber of plant organs which could be used as the sources of plant proteins, and how these plants protein should be applied in the medium support that has been selected. Besides, the staining and detection procedures would be described, while the application of electrophoretic approach in higher plant taxonomy will also be evaluated. In this study we recorded that a number of taxonomic problems usually caused by morphological complexity within species can be solved using this experimental approach of electrophoresis. This method has been considered very useful in helping taxonomists making decisions.ïƒ£ 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: electrophoresis, proteins, taxonomy
Identification of polymorphism on ND-5 mitochondrial DNA fragment of Benggala and Madura cattle with PCR-RFLP technique
Authors: LELANA NEO ENDRA , SUTARNO SUTARNO , ETIKAWATI NITA
Published: July 2014

The objectives of the research were to detect genetic variations on ND-5 region of mtDNA of Benggala and Madura cattles, and to compare the genetic diversity within or between Madura and Benggala cattle. Genetic variations and its effects on phenotype characters have been studied largely in dairy cattles, but not for beef cattles, especially for Indonesian local cattles. PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) was used to detect polymorphism on ND-5 region of mitochondrial DNA. Polymorphisms were found on ND-5 mitochondrial DNA fragment using HindIII restriction enzyme. This variation were likely due to lost of HindIII restriction site on ND-5 mithocondrial DNA fragment.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: ND-5 mitochondrial DNA, genetic variation, PCR-RFLP.
DNA polymorphism at locus-2 of growth hormone gene of Madura cattle
Authors: PURWOKO AGUS , SUTARNO SUTARNO , ETIKAWATI NITA
Published: July 2014

The objectives of the research were to detect DNA polymorphism at locus 2 of bovine growth hormone gene of Madura cattle and to know its genetic diversity. DNA polymorphisms and their effect on phenotypic traits have been studied widely in dairy cattle but not for beef cattle, especially for Indonesian local cattle. Polymorphism was detected using PCR-RFLP using primer GH-5 and GH-6 for amplifying locus 2 of growth hormone gene. Genetic diversity was analyzed based on the formula of Nei (1973, 1975). DNA polymorphism was found on locus 2 of growth hormone gene using MspI restriction enzyme. This polymorphism may be caused the lost of restriction MspI site. The genetic diversity was 0.4422.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: bovine growth hormon gene, PCR-RFLP, polymorphism, Msp I restriction enzyme, Madura Cattle.
Isolation and characterization of protease from Bacillus subtilis 1012M15
Authors: VH ELFI SUSANTI
Published: July 2014

A local strain of Bacillus sp. BAC4, is known to produce penicillin G acylase (PGA) enzyme with relatively high activity. This strain secretes the PGA into the culture medium. However, it has been reported that PGA activity fall and rise during culture, and the activity plummets during storege at â€“200C, which probably due to usage protease activity of Bacillus sp. BAC4. To study the possible use of Bacillus subtilis 1012M15 as a host cell for cloning the pga gene from Bacillus sp. BAC4, the protease activity of Bacillus subtilis 1012M15 were studied. Protease activity was determined by Horikoshi method. In this experiment, maximum protease activity in Bacillus subtilis 1012M15 culture was obsereved after 8 hours. At this optimum condition, protease activity of Bacillus sp. BAC4 is five time higher than that of Bacillus subtilis 1012M15. This situation promised the possible usage of Bacillus subtilis 1012M15 as a host cell for pga expression. For protease characterization, the bacterial culture had been separated from the cell debris by centrifugation. The filtrate was concentrated by freeze drying, fractionated by ammonium sulphate, dialyzed in selovan tube, and then fractionated by ion exchance chromatography employing DEAE-cellulose. The five peaks resulted indicated the presence of five protease. Based on inhibitor and activator influence analysis, it could be concluded that proteases from Bacillus subtilis 1012M15 contained of serin protease as well as metalloprotease and serin protease mixture.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: protease, penicillin G acylase, cloning, host cell.
Vegetation analysis of spermatophyte in Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Seulawah, Aceh Besar
Authors: DJUFRI DJUFRI
Published: July 2014

The objectives of this study were to inventory of plant species, determine rank taxonomy of species, and to give informationquantitative value of taxa for vegetation analysis. About 5 hectare of the Tahura region is belong to Inhutani IV Company, was chosen as research population of this study. Two and half of hectare (2,5 ha) of this region used as a observed area. The data was collected by transec and quadratic method. The observed area it was took 10 transec with 250 m of long for observed stations. Each observed station was put six quadratic sampels systematically. Each quadratic sampels has a 2,5 m2 of width. The parameter search is the total species. The result of this study indicated that there were 66 species of the plant including 29 family. Diversity index was between 2.3896-3.4696, an evenness index was between 1.7331 unto 211.5479. Based on this data, it can be conducted that every family of the plant has a few species. The important value is relatively low on all stations observed. So that there is no evident showing, any dominant species of the plant in observed area. Diversity index was categorized medium (> 2 - 4). Diversity index can be used as indicator were the vegetation succession. Evenness index of each station was relatively low, because sum of species were varied. Similarity index was below 50%. The differences might be the results of several factors including variety of physical environment, chemical content of soil, and interaction inter species in observed area.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: vegetation, diversity index, Tahura Seulawah
Phenetic Study on Clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali
Authors: WITONO JOKO R.
Published: July 2014

The objective of the study was to know relationships of clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali based on morphologicalcharacters. Observation was done to 115 clustered Pinanga specimens (P. coronata), 18 of which were assigned asOperational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The morphological characters noted, analyzed using versions of the numericaltaxonomy system / NTSYS version 1.80, 1993. The phenogram presents that clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali divided into two groups (clusters): specimens from lowland forest (0-750 m asl) and specimens from montane forest (750 m asl or more). The cluster division is not dependent on the geographical distribution of the OTUs, but rather altitudes.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Java, Bali, NTSYS, OTUs, clustered Pinanga, phenetic study.
R E V I E W: Genetic Diversity: Detection of Gene Variation at the DNA Level and Utilization of Gene Markers on Locating QTLs
Authors: SUTARNO SUTARNO
Published: July 2014

Advanced techniques of molecular biology have provided the opportunity to study genetic diversity within and amongbreeds at the single gene level. Many DNA markers, either of genomic DNA or cytoplasmic DNA, have been generatedrecently by utilizing molecular techniques, such as RFLP, microsatellites, PCR-RFLP, RAPD, sequencing etc. PCR-basedtechniques have recently progressed rapidly for the detection of both known- and unknown-mutation detections that may beapplied in locating gene marker for economically important traits. There are basically two different approaches of locatingquantitative trait loci (QTLs), candidate gene and random approaches. The first approach is based on prior supportingknowledge of physiological and biochemical evidence, showing that the gene is involved in the trait(s) of interest, while therandom marker approach attempts to locate gene markers by measuring genotypes at a large number of loci with unknownphenotypic effects, in the hope that the loci are linked to a QTL influencing the trait of interest.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: gene variation, QTLs, gene marker.
Epidermal structure of Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume (Palmae) in Java and Bali
Authors: WITONO JOKO R.
Published: July 2014

Pinanga coronata is one of palms species that has complex characters in morphology, because distribution of the species isvery diverse. In the wild, P. coronata is found throughout Java and Bali, occuring on lowland forest to montane forest at altitude 1.900 m asl. This paper presents leaf anatomy observation on 21 samples from different localities and altitudes throughout Java and Bali. Observation results show that all samples have simillar form and structure of epidermis cells and stomata, so the results gave evidence that leaf anatomy observation has simillar results with morphological observation of this species.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: leaf epiderm structure, Pinanga coronata, Java, Bali
Vegetation analysis of two insectivorous plants in Padang Pinang Anyang, Belitung Island
Authors: HIDAYAT SYAMSUL , HIDAYAT JAJAT , SUHANDI HAMZAH E. , TATANG TATANG , AJIDIN AJIDIN
Published: July 2014

Nepenthes gracilis and Drocera burmannii are rare species, found at Padang Pinang Anyang, Belitung island . These unique plants are also known as insectivorous species. Field observation was conducted on June, 2002. The number ofpopulation of N. gracilis and D.burmanii as well as identification of plants associated with have been carried out. Six transects, 50 x 5 m2 in each transect were established, of which one transect consists of 10 small 5 x 5 m2 plots. All plant species in plots were identified. The degree association is computed by contingency table 2x2 while distribution type is considered by variant. As the result, 19 species have recorded including grass species (44%), shrub (28%), tree (19%), and insectivorous plants (9%). The important value index (IVI) of N. gracilis 1.98, and D. burmannii 0.99.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: insectivorous plants, population, association, distribution.
Natural food monitoring of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatraensis) in Taman Hutan Raya Cut Nyaâ€™ Dhien Seulawah, Aceh Besar
Authors: DJUFRI DJUFRI
Published: July 2014

The objectives of this research were to monitoring natural food of Sumatran elephant; determine rank taxonomy of species,and to give information quantitative value of taxa for vegetation analysis. The wide of area total Taman Hutan Raya Cut Nyaâ€™ Dhien Seulawah were 6.220 Ha. About 20% of area total used as an observed area. The data was collected bytransect and quadratic plot method. The observed area it was took 10 transect with 500 m of long for observed station.Each observed station was put seven and ten plot samples systematically. Each plot samples has a 5 m2 of width. Theresult indicated that there were 69 species of the plant including 23 families. Diversity index was between 1.9838-2.7202;an evenness index was between 1.6868-2.0631. The importance value is relatively low on all station observed. The refer of importance value show that Oplismenus burmanii, Imperata cylindrica, Crassocephalum crepidiodes, Mimosa pudica, and Zingiber aquosum were dominated on secondary forest and Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber purpureum, and Oplismenus burmanii were dominated on primary forest. The result of diversity index show that regeneration of natural food in Taman Hutan Raya Cut Nyaâ€™ Dhien Seulawah is available constant because grazing occurred with continue by elephant.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: elephant, Taman Hutan Raya, importance value, diversity index.
The analysis of the quality of red fermented rice (RFR) product with Monascus purpureus 3090
Authors: PERMANA DJUMHAWAN R. , MARZUKI SUNNATI , TISNADJAJA D.
Published: July 2014

Analysis of red fermented rice product with Monascus purpureus 3090 was conducted on monascus floor product (MFP- 264), MFP-244 and rice monascus product (RMP). Evaluation of microbiological, pigment intensity and lovastatine contentanalysis result was aimed to see quality differences on each production of 5 kg rice raw material. Of both product types(MFP-264, RMP) which only oven dried compare to MFP-244 which is sterilized in autoclave showed a significantly difference of population level on total microorganism colonies, that is mould 26x106 propagule/ml, bacteria 13x106 cell/ml(MFP-264), mould 85x106 propagule/ml, bacteria 265x106 cell/ml (RMP). The MFP-244 produced highest absorptionspectra 0.3513-0.4050 compare to MFP-264 0.3110-0.3324, rice monascus product (RMP) 0.3343-0.3663. Pigment biosynthesis seems occurred at sexual developmental stage or conidia formation of M. purpureus 3090, which is produced color changes of yellow pigment, orange pigment, and red pigment. Lovastatine content of MFP-264 has Rf value 0.84 MFP-244 Rf 0.83 and RMP Rf 0.82 showed higher value compare to Rf 0.81 of the lovastatine standard solution.ïƒ“ 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: quality analysis, rice fermented product, Monascus purpureus 3090
Population of bacteria from soil in Tudu-Aog village, Passi district, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi
Authors: PURWANINGSIH SRI , HARDININGSIH RIANI , WARDAH WARDAH , SUJADI AGUS
Published: July 2014

An experiment was conducted in order to know the population of bacteria from soil in Tudu-Aog village, Passi district, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi, the purpose of the research was to study the population of bacteria from soil. Fourthy six soil samples were taken from two location, namelyTudu-Aog village and Bugis mountain. Isolation was done by dilution methods on YEMA medium (for Rhizobium bacteria), Winogradskyâ€™s (for Azotobacter bacteria), Pycosvkaya (for Phosphat Solubilizing Bacteria), and selective Difco Pseudomonas (for Pseudomonas bacteria). Incubation at room temperature (27-280C) until 15 days, and the enumeration with plate count method. The highest enumeration of Rhizobium bacteria with plant rhizosphere of Alocasia esculenta (27x105 CFU/g soil), Theobroma cacao (29x105 CFU/g soil),and Euphorbia paniculata (26x105 CFU/g soil), Azotobacter bacteria with plant rhizosphere of Lycopersicum esculantum (38x105 CFU/g soil), Eugenia aromaticum (43x105 CFU/g soil), Andropogon sp. (34x105 CFU/g soil), Phosphat Solubilizing bacteria with plant rhizosphere of Sechium edule (27x105 CFU/g soil), Cinnamomum sp. (48x105 CFU/g soil), Cyathea sp. (72x105CFU/g soil), and Pseudomonas bacteria with plant rhizosphere of Oryza sativa (18x105 CFU/g soil), Vanilla sp. (12x105CFU/g soil), dan Saurauia sp.(19x105 CFU/g soil).ïƒ“ 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: population, soil, bacteria.
Dispersion pattern interspecific association and population status of threatened plants on submontane and montane zones of Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park
Authors: WIHERMANTO WIHERMANTO
Published: July 2014

The Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park has an attractive landscape view of mount summits with its crater, genuine floraand fauna of tropical rainforest, and a mild weather. Exploitation is forbidden in the area, but in reality encroachments occur,which will lead to changes in plant population status, particularly for threatened species. The aims of the research were investigate the populations status, dispersion pattern and possible interspecific associations of threatened plant speciesoccurred in the sub montane and montane zones of the Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park. Most of the threatened species occurred in the park had clumped distributions and only one of those showed a regular dispersion, namely Symplocos costata. It should be realized that populations with a clumped dispersion tend to provide over or under estimation of abundance, indicating the need for a larger sampling unit to cover. Based on the association tests conducted, three species (Antidesma tetrandrum, Pinanga coronata, and Castanopsis javanica) were significantly associated with Saurauia bracteosa, while Altingia excelsa and A. tetrandrum with Symplocos costata, as they had association indices more 0.3 using Jaccard Index. Pinanga coronata seems to be relatively closely associated with Saurauia cauliflora, Altingia excelsa with S. bracteosa, and Castanopsis javanica with S. costata. In contrast, Pinanga javana, Calamus adspersus, and Rhododendron album had low degrees of association, indicating their low abundance and co-occurrence with other species. Seven species of threatened plants were recorded in the Mount Gede-Pangrango: 5 of which had been proposed to change in their status. They were Calamus adspersus from vulnerable (V) changed into vulnerable (V UD2)., Lithocarpus indutus from vulnerable changed into critically endangered, Pinanga javana from endangered changed into vulnerable, Rhododendron album from vulnerable changed into endangered, and Saurauia bracteosa from vulnerable changed into endangered.ïƒ£ 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: dispersion pattern, interspecific association, population status, threatened plants, Gede-Pangrango National Park
A Fossil Wood of Dipterocarpaceae from Pliocene Deposit in the West Region of Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: MANDANG YANCE I. , KAGEMORI NORIKO
Published: July 2014

Fossil woods in Java Island have been excavated and sold for outdoor ornaments or indoor decoration purposes since 30years ago. These fossils are in danger of being drained out without known identities, composition and history. This studywas aimed to find out the botanical identity and geographical aspect of a newly recovered silicified fossil wood from Bantenarea in the west region of Java Island. The fossil trunk 28 m in length and 105 cm in diameter was buried in a tuffaceoussandstone layer. The age of the stratum was thought to be Lower Pliocene. A small sample was cut from the outer part ofthe log and then ground to obtain thin section for anatomical observation. The main anatomical features of the fossil woodare as follows: wood diffuse porous; vessel almost exclusively solitary, vascicentric tracheid present; axial intercellular canalpresent, distributed in long tangential rows; fibers with distinctly bordered pit. These features show affinities of the fossilwood to the extant wood Dryobalanops of the family Dipterocarpaceae, regardless of the fact that this genus is no longer exists living in the natural forest of the present day Java Island.ïƒ£ 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: fossil wood, Dipterocarpaceae, Dryobalanoxylon, Pliocene, Java Island
Evaluate the effect of mutans Aspergillus niger to the nutritive value of fermentation at coconut meal and karnel palm meal
Authors: SARI LAELA , PURWADARIA TRESNAWATI
Published: July 2014

Agricultural wastes, such as coconut meal and kernel palm meal can be used to fulfill the need of feed for ruminants ormonogastrics. Fermentation technology using Aspergillus niger has been reported allow to increase their nutritive value.Isolation of the asporogenous strain which could spored at room temperature but could not spored at 37oC is expected to sole the fermentation of spores in the fermentation product. The spore formation of mutants at the fourth day incubationtime (10%) was less than the wild type (100%). The variance analysis of protein content in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro Protein Digestibility (IVPD) showed that the kind of mutants were interacted with the incubation time(P<0,01). The highest protein content of coconut meal was obtained from E27 mutant (33.0%), kernel palm meal wasobtained from E14 mutant (31.4%) at the fourth day of incubation time. The highest IVDMD of coconut meal (62.1%), kernel palms meal (61.8%) at the fourth day incubation time and from all E27 mutant. The highest IVPD of coconut meal was obtained from E27 mutant (20.49%) at the fourth day incubation time, kernel palm meal was obtained from E27 mutant (18.66%) at the fourth days incubation time.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: mutant Aspergillus niger, coconut meal, kernel palm meal, fermentation
Orchids diversity of Situ Gunung, Sukabumi
Authors: DJUITA NINA RATNA , SUDARMIYATI SRI , CANDRA HENDRIUS , SARIFAH SARIFAH , NURLAILI SITI , FATHONY RULLY
Published: July 2014

Study on the orchids diversity was conducted in Situ Gunung, sub district of Kadudampit, district of Sukabumi, West Java. There were 41 collection numbers, consist of 18 terrestrial orchids, 22 epiphyte orchids, and one saprophyte orchid, belong to 26 genera and 41 species. There were eight species of flowering orchids and the rest were not at flowering stage. Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum J.J.Sm, Plocoglottis acuminata Bl dan Appendicula sp. were commonly found at Situ Gunung. Species orchid of Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames and Plocoglottis acuminata Bl found in a clumped group. Tainia elongata J.J. Sm was the only endemic orchid in Java from this situ.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: orchids, Situ Gunung, Sukabumi.
R E V I E W: Ecological distribution of Dipterocarpaceae species in Indonesia
Authors: PURWANINGSIH PURWANINGSIH
Published: July 2014

Dipterocarpaceae is one of the biggest family with >500 species in the world, and most of dipterocarps population aregrown in Indonesia which have high economical value of wood. One of the most important value from dipterocarps species is high on endemicities; there are up to 128 species (53.78%) from 238 dipterocarps species in Indonesia. Distribution of dipterocarps species would be affected by some factors especially edaphic, climate, and altitude. In Indonesia the dipterocarps species distribution could be shown from islands groups, number of species and forest types. Based on the observation of herbarium collection in Herbarium Bogoriense the distribution of the most dipterocarps species was in the altitude of 0-500 m and 500-1000 m on the dipterocarps forest type. Kalimantan and Sumatra were the two bigger islands with have the dipterocarps species distributed relatively high on population and species.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Dipterocarpaceae, ecological distribution, altitude, Indonesia.
REVIEW : Mangrove ecosystem in Java: 2. Restoration
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , WINARNO KUSUMO , PURNAMA PURIN CANDRA
Published: July 2014

The restoration of mangroves has received a lot of attentions world wide for several reasons. Mangrove ecosystem is veryimportant in term of socio-economic and ecology functions. Because of its functions, wide range of people paid attentionwhenever mangrove restoration taken place. Mangrove restoration potentially increases mangrove resource value, protect the coastal area from destruction, conserve biodiversity, fish production and both of directly and indirectly support the life of surrounding people. This paper outlines the activities of mangrove restoration on Java island. The extensive research has been carried out on the ecology, structure and functioning of the mangrove ecosystem. However, the findings have not been interpreted in a management framework, thus mangrove forests around the world continue to be over-exploited, converted to aquaculture ponds, and polluted. We strongly argue that links between research and sustainable management of mangrove ecosystem should be established.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove, restoration, management, Java.
Lowland-Edge Vegetation on Habitat of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Rubber Forest of Tabalong District, South Kalimantan
Authors: SOENDJOTO MOCHAMAD ARIEF , ALIKODRA HADI SUKADI , BISMARK MOHAMMAD , SETIJANTO HERU
Published: July 2014

The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) frequently visits certain lowland (baruh) and never visits other, although both lowlands are inundated during rainy season or even have no water during the dry season. Data on seedling, sapling, pole, and tree of two former lowlands and of two latter ones were collected. Important value indexes were compared based on Renkonen similarity index. Treatments on vegetation were qualitatively recorded. The former lowlands had more diverse vegetation and higher security level than the latter had. Food sources, such as Hevea brasiliensis, Syzygium stapfiana, Vitex pubescens, Elaeocarpus stipularis, and Artocarpus teysmanii were available and more abundant on the former lowlands which were poorly cared. However, such condition could change anytime, because alllowlands include in the cultivated area.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: lowland-edge vegetation, Nasalis larvatus, rubber forest, Tabalong.
Feed Plants Selection and Nesting Site of Cuscus (Phalanger sp.) in Nature Reserve of Gunung Mutis, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: FARIDA WARTIKA ROSA , TRIONO TEGUH , HANDAYANI TRI HADI , ISMAIL ISMAIL
Published: July 2014

Research on feed plants selection and nesting site of cuscus (Phalanger sp.) was conducted in Nature Reserve of Gunung Mutis, West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara. The study was done in the montane rain forest with the altitude of 1530-2010 m a.s.l. The results showed seven species of plants was selected by cuscus as their nesting site and 41 species of plants as their feed resources. Parts of the plants being consumed were young leaves, flower, and fruit. Their habitat was damaged caused by exploitation of the forest. Meanwhile, hunting pressure by local people to provide their meat supply threatens the existence of cuscuses.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Phalanger sp., cuscus, plant, feed, nesting site, Gunung Mutis, East Nusa Tenggara.
Morphological Comparison among Striped Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from Indonesia
Authors: HARYONO HARYONO
Published: July 2014

The striped Puntius consisting of four species, these are P. johorensis, P. gemellus, P. trifasciatus, and P. lineatus. This group marked by longitudinal stripe on body, and these varieties. The three species first of them have four long barbells, originally describe by Puntius eugrammus, and the last species has barbells 0-2 (short when present). The strange species was described from Central Mahakam areas, East Kalimantan. Itâ€™s named by Puntius sp., predicted new species but specifically study is needed. This species differ from its congener by the half stripe (+1) above the midlateral stripe on the anterior half of the body.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: striped Puntius, morphology, color pattern, truss morphometric
Calving pattern on captive sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in East Kalimantan
Authors: SEMIADI GONO , ADHI I.G. MADE JAYA , TRASODIHARTO ANDI
Published: July 2014

Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) is the biggest of tropical deer with its distribution in Indonesia limited to Kalimantan and Sumatera islands and neighboring islands near Sumatera. Several countries such as Malaysia and Thailand have been developing their tropical deer farming, whereas in Indonesia they are still in its infancy, as captive breeding. The knowledge on the biology of reproduction from tropical deer is still limited, particularly those under their natural habitat. An evaluation on the reproduction profiles of captive sambar deer were conducted by analyzing log book of the captive breeding in East Kalimantan. The results indicated that conception rates was very low, only 48,8% (SD=16.24; n=10 years) with peak calving time between June and July and mean calving date was on 4 July (SD=10.4 days; n=109 fawns). Calving interval was 388,2 days (SD=82.45; n=33 fawns), with natural nursing lasted for 148 days. Young hind gave birth for the first time at the age of 693.8 days (SD=89.40; n=4 hinds), giving a time estimate of first mating at the age of 453 days.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Cervus unicolor, sambar deer, calving pattern, captivity, East Kalimantan.
The roles of soil macrofauna on litter decomposition of Acacia mangium Willd
Authors: MUSYAFA MUSYAFA
Published: July 2014

Acacia mangium has been widely planted in industrial forest plantation (HTI). High litter accumulation in floor of A. mangium (Acacia) plantation due to slow process of decomposition, may disturb nutrient cycling process. It is also vulnerable to forest fire especially in dry season. The research was aimed to clarify the density of soil macrofauna in Acacia plantation and the roles of macrofauna in the decomposition of Acacia litter. The density of macrofauna was estimated by using pitfall traps and hand-sorting method in Acacia stand, at Wanagama Reaserch Center, Gadjah Mada University (GMU). In the laboratory, Spirobolus sp. (Diplopoda) were fed with the litter of Acacia and the ingestion rate, defecation rate, and assimilatioan rate were determined. C and N content of the litter and feces wereanalyzed at Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture GMU. The results showed that the density of soil macrofauna was low (74.6 individual/m2). The study in laboratory showed that Spirobolus did not est newly fallen leaves of Acacia. Ingestion rate, defecation rate, assimilation efficiency of millipede fed with partly decomposed Acacia leaves were 76.8 mg/g/day, 7.0 mg/g/day, 6.1 mg/g/day respectively. C/N ratio of feces was lower than that of partly decomposed Acacia leaves. It indicated significant change during gut passage of Spirobolus sp. This millipede should be introduced in Acacia plantation as a potential decomposer.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: soil macrofauna, decomposition, ingestion rate, defecation rate, C/N ratio
REVIEW: Current Status of Extenders and Cryoprotectants on Fish Spermatozoa Cryopreservation
Authors: A. MUCHLISIN Z.
Published: July 2014

An important component of many studies of cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa is the type of extenders and cryoprotectants. The suitability of extenders and cryoprotectants differs from one fish to another. There are many studies have been done in cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa. However, there are few review have been done. This review reveals some aspects of cryopreservation especially the role of extender and cryoprotectant in fish sperm cryopreservation. Fish produce high viscosity of sperm and in some cases only small volume is produced. Before cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, sperm have to dilute with extenders and for long-term cryopreservation,cryoprotectants are needed to protect the sperm cell from cold and hot shock treatments and prevent cell dehydration during pre-freezing, freezing and post thawed. The suitability of extenders and cryoprotectants differs from one fish to another. Over the last decade, studies on the cryopreservation of mammalian sperm, animal husbandry sperm and human sperm have progressed significantly but studies on fish sperm is still confined to some aquatic.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: fish, sperm, cryopreservation, extenders, cryoprotectants
Cellulolytic Actinomycetes isolated from soil in Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi
Authors: KANTI ATIT
Published: July 2014

The objective of study was to investigate the enzymatic activities of cellulolytic Actinomycetes. The soil sample was collected from Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi. Actinomycetes was isolated by Casein Agar Medium, and its cellulolytic capacity was determined by measuring the activity of CMC-ase. Two isolates of cellulolytic Actinomycetes belonged to genus Streptomyces were isolated. The CMCase activity was 7.7 unit and 13.4 unit for isolate I and isolate II respectively. The Km of isolate I and isolate II were 1.356x 10-3 and 1.595x10-3 (% b/v) respectively. Vmaks of isolate I and II was 1.658 x10-4 and 6.166x 10-4 Î¼g glukosa/mL enzyme /minute, respectively.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Actinomyctes, Streptomyces, Celulolytic, Bukit Dua Belas National Park.
Mangrove plants in coastal area of Central Java: 1. Species diversity
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , INDROWURYATNO INDROWURYATNO , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO , WINARNO KUSUMO , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: July 2014

The study was intended to observe the diversity and the distribution of mangrove plants species on southern and northern coast of Central Java Province. This research was conducted in July till December 2003, at 20 sites. Laboratory assay was conducted in Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Central Laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, SebelasMaret University (UNS) Surakarta. Plant specimens were collected by using survey method, than it was identified and preserved as herbaria. The result indicated that there was 55 species (27 families) of mangrove plants in Central Java, composed by major (17), minor (12), and association (26) plants, with habits i.e. trees (32), bushes (13), and herbs (10). The species of major mangrove plant with the broadest range of site distribution were R. mucronata (16), followed by S. alba (15), N. fruticans (12), A. alba and A. marina (each was 11).The species of minor mangrove plant with the broadest range of site distribution was A. aureum (11). The associative plant of mangrove with the broadest range of site distribution was A. ilicifolius (16), D. trifoliata (15), C. gigantea (13), H. tiliaceus (11), T. catappa (11), and I. pes-caprae (10). The other species were distributed in less than 10 sites. The location with the most varied species diversity was Wulan (35), the next was Motean and Muara Dua (each was 29), Bogowonto (19), Pasar Banggi (18), Tritih (17), Sigrogol (15), Juwana and Ijo (each was 14), Cakrayasan (12), Lasem and Serang (each was 11), Bulak, Telukawur, Cingcingguling and Bengawan (each was 9),Pecangakan (8), Serang (6), and the last was Tayu (5).Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove plants, species diversity, Central Java Province.
Bamboo Diversity in Sumba Island
Authors: WIDJAJA ELIZABETH A. , KARSONO KARSONO
Published: July 2014

Bamboo is one of the economic plant which grow widely in the villages and have been used by the local people in the villages. Indonesia has about 10% of the world bamboo, 50% among them was endemic to Indonesia. According Widjaja (2001) Lesser Sunda Island which consists of Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, Sumba and other small island eastern of Flores has 14 bamboo species, however, the information from the Sumba Island was lacking because of lacking data from this area except one species which was proposed by S. Soenarko in 1977 where the type specimens was collected by Iboet 443 in 1925. To fullfill data from the Sumba Island, an exploration tothis area has been conducted on July 2003. The observation was done in West Sumba and East Sumba District, especially in two natioal parks at both districts. According to this inventory study in the Sumba Island, there were 10 bamboo species in Sumba Island, 1 species among them (Dinochloa sp.) was a new species which has not been collected before, whereas the other species (Dinochloa kostermansiana) has a new addition record from this area. The bamboo species in Sumba Island were Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa vulgaris, Dendocalamus asper, Dinochloa kostermansiana, Dinochloa sp., Gigantochloa atter, Nastus reholtumianus, Phyllostachys aurea, Schisotachyum brachycladum and Schizostachyum lima. From 10 recorded species, the genera Dinochloa and Nastus grow wild in the forest, whereas another species grow widly or cultivated in the garden. Furthermore, the genus Dinochloa was the only genus grow climbing. The endemic species found in Sumba Island was Nastus reholttumianus, whereas Dinochloa kostermansiana was also found in Flores Island.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: biodiversity, bamboo, Sumba Island.
Taksonomic study on Micromelum Blume (Rutaceae) in Indonesia
Authors: UJI TAHAN
Published: July 2014

Taxonomic study on Micromelum Blume was conducted at Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and Kew Herbarium (K) and using 84 collections number of herbarium specimen. This research used descriptive method based on morphological characters. Terminology by Stearn (1983) was used, whereas the revision method as described by Rifai (1976) and Vogel (1987) were used. Based on this study were produced two species only of Micromelum respectively which occurred in Indonesia. They were Micromelum diversifolium Miq. and M. minutum (Forst. f.)Wight. & Arn. M. diversifolium had two varieties, i.e. M. diversifolium Miq. var. diversifolium and M. diversifolium Miq. var. cuneata Miq. Whereas M. minutum had three varieties, i.e. M. minutum (Forst. f.) Wight. & Arn. var. minutum, M. minutum (Forst. f.) Wight & Arn. var. tomentosum Tan. and M. minutum (Forst. f.) Wight & Arn. var. villosum Tan. New record specimen collections of M. diversifolium from Biak Island (Papua) was reported also.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Micromelum spp., taxonomy, Rutaceae, Indonesia.
The use of sugar cane on traditional ceremony in Tabanan, Bali
Authors: PENENG I NYOMAN , SUMANTERA I WAYAN
Published: July 2014

Sugar cane or tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) is useful in Hinduism ceremonies in Bali, so that the people plant it in the home yard. Its population is not big but it spreads all over Bali. The farmers use it to be the merchandise at the markets, especially for the ritual ceremonies uses. The use of sugar cane in ritual ceremonies is very popular as symbolize of wedding ceremony. The sugar cane is put in front part of the cars when they go to the brideâ€™s house for the permission. The sugar cane stem cut into two parts used as the parts of the offering, as the tegen-tegenan as the offering as the earth product, raka-raka fruit for canang/offering, pedangal for tooth ceremony etc. Theresearch was conducted in Tabanan Bali to know the varieties of sugar cane and the function in ritual ceremony in Bali. The result showed that people used 8 kinds of sugar cane for the ceremonies such as: tebu ratu/raja, tebu tiying, tebu kuning, tebu selem/cemeng/hitam/ireng, tebu malem, tebu tawar, tebu salah, and tebu suwat. They had function as identities, offering, worship, protection, and food of white cows. This showed that Balinese people had a little knowledge of sugar cane as the offering and the plantation is not maximal. The belief of thesugar cane function in ritual ceremony in Bali supports its reservation. For that it needs to build reservation and introduce new varieties, the clearness of the sugar cane meaning as the facilities of the ceremony and the availability of young sugar cane.Keywords: sugar cane, Balinese, ritual ceremony.
REVIEW: Biology and Conservation of Genus Myristica in Indonesia
Authors: ARRIJANI ARRIJANI
Published: July 2014

Genus Myristica represent one of important taxon in kingdom plantarum in Indonesia meaning if evaluated from number of species, distribution of species, and role for society. Result of publicizing indicate that there are 9 species Myristica in Indonesia representing original crop and distributed the round of main island in Indonesia. Member of genus Myristica this type of a lot of exploited upon which the food, industrial raw material, construction material, etc. Because thatâ€™s important role hence the effort conservation must be done in order to the Myristica sustainability can be taken care of.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Myristica, biology and conservation, Indonesia.
Influence of Palmitic Acid and Amino Acids Addition on Iturin A Productivity by Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS
Authors: YULIAR YULIAR
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to observe the influence of palmitic acid and amino acids on enhancement of iturin A productivity using Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS. The concentrations of palmitic acid examined were 0.8%, 1.6%, and 3.2%. A good yield was observed when 1.6% palmitic acid was added to Polypepton S medium. The production of iturin A increased about 18% than the control. Addition of 3.2% palmitic acid was not effective on iturin A production. It gave lower pH and slightly higher viable cell number of RB14-CS than control and the others addition concentration. Whereas the addition of 0.8% of each of the following amino acids; L-arg, L-asn , L-gln , L-glu, L-gly, Lleu,L-lys, L-trp, L-tyr, and L-val could not increase iturin A productivity, but changed the proportion of iturin A peaks. L-leu, L-val, and L-asn addition produced the highest proportion of peak 3, 4, and 1 respectively.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: iturin A, Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS, palmitic acid, and L-amino acids.
Isolation and Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Soil in Wamena Biological Garden, Jayawijaya, Papua
Authors: SULIASIH SULIASIH , WIDAWATI SRI
Published: July 2014

A study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) from soil samples of Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG). Eleven soil samples were collected randomly to estimate microbial population which used plate count method. The result showed that the microbial population ranged from 5.0x103-7.5x106 cells of bacteria/gram of soil and 5.0x103-1.5x107 cells of bacteria/gram of soil for PSB and NFB respectively. There were 17 isolates which have been identified till genus and species. The isolated microorganism were identified as PSB i.e. Bacillus sp., B. pantothenticus, B. megatherium, Flavobacterium sp., F. breve, Klebsiella sp., K. aerogenes, Chromobacterium lividum, Enterobacter alvei, E. agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp. and as NFB i.e. Azotobacter sp., A. chroococcum, A. paspalii, Rhizobium sp., and Azospirillum sp.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: phosphate- solubilizing bacteria, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Wamena Biological Garden