bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO E O DIREITO À SAÚDE: DESAFIOS E IMPACTOS PARA TRATAMENTO DE PACIENTES COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Magalhães Lucca Everson Lima , Amorim Isabella Fernandes
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho analisa a judicialização da saúde no Brasil e seus impactos no acesso ao tratamento de pacientes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Nesse sentido, o direito à saúde, garantido pela Constituição Federal de 1988, é frequentemente atrelado às vias judiciais, especialmente por pacientes com TEA, que enfrentam dificuldades para acessar tratamentos específicos, medicamentos de alto custo, profissionais especializados e terapias adequadas. Assim, o estudo busca compreender os desafios jurídicos e práticos da judicialização no contexto do TEA, analisando como a falta de regulamentação e controle eficaz impacta a distribuição equitativa de recursos e a sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde, tendo em vista a alta demanda de processos judiciais. Nessa vertente, adota-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, de caráter descritivo, visando identificar os principais obstáculos para um sistema mais inclusivo e célere, a qual os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de políticas públicas que reduzam a dependência do sistema judicial e assegurem um acesso mais efetivo à saúde.
ACESSO AOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DAS PESSOAS COM AUTISMO: DESAFIOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA INCLUSÃO
Authors: Cunha Solange Nascimento da
Published: November 2024

Este artigo investiga os desafios enfrentados por pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no acesso a direitos fundamentais, com foco nas áreas de saúde, educação e trabalho. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, analisa a legislação brasileira, doutrinas jurídicas e normas vigentes, além da atuação do Poder Judiciário. Embora avanços significativos tenham sido alcançados, como a Lei Berenice Piana e o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência, barreiras persistem devido à aplicação insuficiente dessas leis. O estudo evidencia a falta de capacitação de profissionais, a carência de recursos especializados e o estigma social como fatores que limitam a inclusão. No setor educacional, a ausência de adaptações e o despreparo de instituições dificultam a aprendizagem de alunos com TEA. Na saúde, a demora no diagnóstico e a falta de atendimento especializado são desafios recorrentes. Já no mercado de trabalho, a resistência dos empregadores e a ausência de práticas inclusivas agravam a exclusão. Conclui-se que superar essas barreiras requer maior conscientização, investimentos em políticas públicas e adaptações práticas que assegurem a inclusão plena. A garantia da dignidade e dos direitos fundamentais das pessoas com TEA depende de esforços conjuntos do Estado, da sociedade e das instituições.
DEVELOPMENT OF E-LEARNING TOOLS WITH THE USE OF INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Toraigyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Issabekov Z.B. , Issabekova B.B. ,   Toraigyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Zhantlessova A.B. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2024

The constant development of information technologies offers other
options for their use in the educational process. The use of interactive exercises, mobile
devices, interactive online whiteboards, services for creating mental maps, microblogging,
and augmented reality-based applications make it possible to implement innovative
approaches to the learning process. This article presents an analysis of applications that
allow these opportunities to be realized, examines the directions of their application in the
educational process and provides methodological guidelines for their use in the learning
process in order to increase the cognitive activity and interest of students, as well as the
effectiveness of the learning process as a whole. It is necessary not only to release a
specialist who has received high-level training, but also at the training stage to connect him
to the development of new technologies, adapt him to the conditions of a specific
production environment, make him a conductor of new solutions.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON MODIFIED DIATOMITE
Authors:   ТОО Международная образовательная корпорация, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Алтаева З.Н. , Кульдеев Е.И. ,   Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени К.И. Сатпаева, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Нурлыбаев Р.Е. ,   Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени К.И. Сатпаева, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Естемесова А.С. ,   ТОО Международная образовательная корпорация, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Орынбеков Е.С. ,   ТОО Международная образовательная корпорация, г. Алматы, Казахстан
Published: November 2024

В данной публикации рассматриваются возможные способы повышения физико-механических и эксплуатационных свойств лакокрасочных покрытий за счет введения минерального наполнителя, в том числе наполнителя модифицированного. В производстве лакокрасочных материалов минеральные наполнители применяются в качестве недорогих компонентов, позволяющих снизить себестоимость продукции. Путем подбора наполнителей можно существенно улучшить такие характеристики лакокрасочных материалов, как адгезия, влагостойкость, вязкость, розлив, атмосферостойкость, механическая прочность, твердость и др. Обозначены основные тенденции в разработке рецептур лакокрасочных материалов с применением новых типов наполнителей. Рассмотрены различные способы обработки поверхности наполнителей и их влияние на свойства лакокрасочных материалов и покрытий. Американскими учеными представлена лакокрасочная композиция, включающая от 20 до 97% (по массе) наполнителя. Наполнитель включает по крайней мере один материал с полой структурой. Таким наполнителем может быть диатомит, цеолит или углерод. Из источников по геолого-поисковым работам, кремнистые породы нашли широкое распространение в Актюбинской области Казахстана. В месторождениях указанных пород на поверхности выявлены кремнистые палеогеновые отложения, которые образуют многотоннажные месторождения диатомитов.
SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS-SULFUR COMPLEX FERTILIZERS
Authors:   M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Sadiyeva Kh.R. , Kozhakhan A.K. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kubekova Sh.N. ,   Kazakh National Research Technical University named after Satpaev, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhanasova G.Z. ,   M. Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Alimgaliyev I.K. ,   “Atik” LLP, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Nigmetov Zh.M. ,   “Atik” LLP, Atyrau, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2024

Study of the chemical composition of sulfur-containing substances isolated
from oil by chemical and physicochemical methods. Use of the studied sulfur-containing
substances for the preparation of NPK(S) and NP(S) fertilizers.
PREPARATION OF INITIAL GRAPHIC INFORMATION AND DESIGN OF THE UPPER OF WORK SHOES IN THE AUTOCAD SYSTEM
Authors:   Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Boboev F.A. , Ilkhamova M.U. ,   Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Akhmedov J.Z. ,   Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the design of footwear using the stitch-molding
method of fastening, provides a method for preparing the initial graphic information and
designing footwear in the AutoCAD system..
STUDY OF CELLULOSE FROM FLAX STRAW
Authors:   RSE “Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Metrology”, Astana, Kazakhstan,, Satayeva Zh.I. , Mashanova N.S. ,   RSE “Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Metrology”, Astana, Kazakhstan,, Smagulova M.E. ,   RSE “Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Metrology”, Astana, Kazakhstan,, Kundyzbayeva N.D. ,   RSE “Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Metrology”, Astana, Kazakhstan,, Rzayev B.T. ,   RSE “Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Metrology”, Astana, Kazakhstan,
Published: November 2024

Due to the need to expand the raw material base for the paper industry,
this study examined the straw that remains as a secondary product after harvesting the seeds of oilseed flax, which is widely produced in Kazakhstan. As the results of scientific
research by scientists in the literature show, flax stalks have established themselves as highquality raw materials for the production of cellulose. This article presents some research
results on the production of high-alpha cellulosic products from flax straw. Today, all costeffective, energy-saving technologies using safe toxic chemicals and processes are relevant.
It has been established that the strength of fibers from flax straw with 20% recycled
cardboard grade T21, obtained by accelerated dissolution of moisture-resistant waste
paper through the use of its reagent-alkaline treatment, is 6% higher than the
corresponding strength of recycled fibers obtained by longer-term alkaline treatment.
Analysis of micrographs shows evidence of higher fiber content, as well as longer fibers,
which create a lattice for a stronger material. The particle size distribution of crushed
cellulose particles from flax straw treated with a 30% NaOH solution showed the best result
D10 = 31.781 nm, since the smaller the fiber diameter, the higher the strength and smooth
structure of the paper
DRY BUILDING MIXES BASED ON MODIFIED DIATOMITE
Authors:   ТОО Международная образовательная корпорация, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Естемесова А.С. , Кульдеев Е.И. ,   Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени К.И. Сатпаева, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Нурлыбаев Р.Е. ,   Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени К.И. Сатпаева, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Алтаева З.Н. ,   ТОО Международная образовательная корпорация, г. Алматы, Казахстан, Орынбеков Е.С. ,   ТОО Международная образовательная корпорация, г. Алматы, Казахстан
Published: November 2024

Сухие строительные смеси являются неотъемлемой частью современного строительства и ремонта. Они обладают уникальными свойствами и предназначены для выполнения самых разных работ. Важно выбрать подходящий тип смеси, чтобы обеспечить долговечность и надежность конструкций. В статье приводятся данные по разработанным составам сухих строительных смесей на основе модифицированного диатомита. Исследования по изучению и получению модифицированного диатомита и его основы в сухих строительных смесях показали, что термообработка диатомита позволяет получать сырье с улучшенными прочностными свойствами при сжатии до 4,28 МПа при температуре 650 градусов. Введение низковязкого эфира целлюлозы и полимерной добавки в составы на основе модифицированного диатомита позволило увеличить прочность на сжатие до 0,9-0,92 МПа. Результаты определения водоудерживающей способности показали значение 94,2% в присутствии низковязкого эфира целлюлозы и полимерной добавки. Способность удерживать воду также оценивалась с точки зрения пластической прочности. Экспериментальные данные показывают, что водоудерживающий эффект добавок предотвращает активное поглощение влаги из смеси пористой основой и способствует поддержанию низких значений пластической прочности композиций до 0,0067 МПа.
Cyberpranie pieniędzy w dobie nowoczesnych technologii
Authors: Golonka Anna
Published: November 2024

Przedmiotem opracowania są zagadnienia dotyczące z jednej strony wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii do popełnienia przestępstwa prania pieniędzy, a z drugiej strony możliwości, jakie one stwarzają, by zwalczać to zjawisko. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na potencjalne zagrożenia i kierunek tendencji rozwojowych w obszarze prania pieniędzy. Analiza dogmatyczno-prawna stanowi punkt odniesienia do identyfikacji obszarów podatnych na cyberpranie pieniędzy, a także do wskazania metod, środków i technik wykorzystywanych przez sprawców tego przestępstwa. W konkluzji wysunięto propozycje dotyczące rozwiązań prawnych i działań, których podjęcie może przyczynić się do skuteczniejszej walki z cyberpraniem pieniędzy.ResumenEl tema del estudio son las cuestiones relacionadas con el uso de la tecnología moderna para cometer el delito de blanqueo de capitales y las oportunidades que presenta para combatir este fenómeno. El objetivo del artículo es poner de relieve los riesgos potenciales y la dirección de las tendencias de desarrollo en el ámbito del blanqueo de capitales. Un análisis dogmático y jurídico proporciona un punto de referencia para identificar las áreas susceptibles de ciberblanqueo de capitales, así como para indicar los métodos, medios y técnicas utilizados por los perpetradores de este delito. Se concluye con propuestas de soluciones y medidas jurídicas que puedan contribuir a una lucha más eficaz contra el ciberblanqueo de capitales.
Ciemny świat usług seksualnych. Realne i wirtualne zagrożenia dla społeczeństwa
Authors: Górka Marek
Published: November 2024

Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na analizie dwóch zjawisk: tradycyjnej prostytucji i nowej jej formy — cyberprostytucji. Celem publikacji jest ich przedstawienie i porównanie, a także omówienie głównych czynników warunkujących występowanie obu form świadczenia usług seksualnych. Analiza zjawiska cyberprostytucji ma na celu lepsze zrozumienie jego problematyki w kontekście nowych technologii, a także zidentyfikowanie czynników wpływających na wybór tego rodzaju pracy oraz zagrożeń dla zdrowia i bezpieczeństwa osób świadczących usługi seksualne. Badania w tym obszarze mogą przyczynić się do poprawy strategii polityki publicznej, np. poprzez zminimalizowanie przyczyn, które wpływają na wybór tego rodzaju zajęcia i zmniejszenie jego negatywnych skutków. Pomimo kontrowersyjnego charakteru tematu, tego rodzaju badania należy uznać za ważne, ponieważ ukazują społeczeństwu problematykę prostytucji i jej wpływ na życie osób pracujących w tej branży, podnosząc tym samym świadomość zagrożeń związanych z tym zawodem i zwalczając stereotypy społeczne dotyczące pracowników seksualnych.ResumenEste artículo se centra en el análisis de dos fenómenos: la prostitución tradicional y su nueva forma, la ciberprostitución. El objetivo de la publicación es presentarlos y compararlos, así como abordar los principales factores que determinan la aparición de ambas formas de trabajo sexual. El análisis del fenómeno de la ciberprostitución tiene por objeto comprender mejor su problemática en el contexto de las nuevas tecnologías, así como identificar los factores que influyen en la elección de este tipo de trabajo y los riesgos para la salud y la seguridad de las personas que ejercen el trabajo sexual. La investigación en este ámbito puede contribuir a mejorar las estrategias de las políticas públicas, por ejemplo minimizando las razones que influyen en la elección de este tipo de ocupación y reduciendo sus efectos negativos. A pesar de la naturaleza controvertida del tema, este tipo de investigación debe considerarse importante, ya que expone al público la cuestión de la prostitución y su impacto en las vidas de quienes trabajan en la industria, aumentando así la concienciación sobre los riesgos asociados a la profesión y combatiendo los estereotipos sociales sobre las trabajadoras del sexo.
Intravenous lidocaine reduces cough but not propofol dose during gastroscopy: a prospective, randomised controlled double-blind study
Authors: Assam O , Jaubert L , Dutanteau O , Gilbeau A , Lalmand M , Natis N , Tuna T , Boudart C
Published: November 2024

Background: To improve patient comfort during gastroscopy, sedation is essential. Propofol can cause adverse effects if underdosed or overdosed. Lidocaine has been suggested as an adjuvant to propofol in this context.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate propofol consumption when adding intravenous lidocaine during gastroscopy. We also assessed whether intravenous lidocaine reduces the adverse effects associated with inappropriate sedation.

Design: Prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind, single-centre trial.

Setting: Day hospital of the Erasme University Hospital, from 21 July to 25 August 2023.

Methods: American Society of Anaesthesiologists’ physical status 1 or 2 patients, aged < 65 years and undergoing gastroscopy procedure were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1.5 mg/kg Lidocaine (Lidocaine-group) or placebo (Control-group). Sedation was achieved by the administration of propofol using target-concentration infusion titrated according to the bispectral index.

Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome was propofol consumption between groups. Secondary endpoints included the occurrence of cough, involuntary movements, hypoxaemia, hypotension, tinnitus and metallic taste, as well as the satisfaction of the gastroenterologist.

Results: Lidocaine did not reduce propofol consumption but did reduce coughing on gastroscope insertion (9%) compared to placebo (52%) (p=0.002). Rates of involuntary movement, hypotension, desaturation as well as gastroenterologist satisfaction were similar. Only patients who received lidocaine experienced tinnitus (52%; p < 0.001) and metallic taste (28%; p = 0.004).

Conclusion: The administration of intravenous lidocaine did not reduce the consumption of propofol, but it did significantly reduce coughing during the insertion of a gastroscope, however without having any clinical effect. A high rate of mild local anaesthetic side effects was associated with lidocaine administration.

Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05944887
SABERES E FAZERES NO CULTIVO DO CAFÉ EM ÁGUIA BRANCA - ES: UMA PERSPECTIVA ETNOMATEMÁTICA
Authors: Wernz Aldivania Alves Salvador , Do Nascimento Eulina Coutinho Silva
Published: November 2024

Este artigo buscou identificar os saberes matemáticos presentes nas práticas de produção de café conilon por agricultores familiares em Águia Branca (ES), utilizando a perspectiva da Etnomatemática. A pesquisa, baseada em uma visita a uma propriedade rural com tradição familiar na cafeicultura, teve como objetivo analisar a integração entre conhecimentos tradicionais, técnicas modernas e a matemática formal. O estudo identifica e descreve os conhecimentos matemáticos empregados pelos agricultores em diferentes etapas da produção, como o cálculo do espaçamento entre os pés de café, a estimativa da produção, a conversão de medidas e a utilização de unidades não convencionais, como o "galho" para medir distâncias. Os resultados demonstram que a matemática está intrinsecamente ligada às práticas cotidianas dos agricultores, revelando uma complexa rede de saberes que se articulam com a cultura local, as tradições familiares e o contexto socioeconômico da região. A pesquisa destaca a importância da Etnomatemática como ferramenta para valorizar os conhecimentos tradicionais e promover um ensino de matemática mais contextualizado e significativo para os alunos, especialmente em áreas rurais com forte tradição agrícola.
PLANEJAMENTO TRIBUTÁRIO: O IMPACTO PARA AS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS MÉDICAS EQUIPARADAS A HOSPITAIS
Authors: Dal-Bó Bruno Astori , Cezario Filipe Sobrinho , Damasceno Elaine Zambon Carioca
Published: November 2024

The present work intends to review the tax legislation verifying the possibilities applicable to medical companies to optimize tax planning. The focus is on the alternative of hospital equivalence, which is one of the legal provisions to reduce the presumptions of profit and directly influences the calculation basis of taxes directly applicable to it, specifically IRPJ and CSLL. However, legal criteria must be observed in order to carry out this reduction, which must comply with criteria and be aligned with public interests in the health sector. It is necessary to compare this tax opportunity to other taxation regimes or even with the context applicable to the company.
Supply chain resilience in the face of global disruptions: A comparative study between the US and the UK
Authors: Jinyoung Hwang
Published: November 2024

The United States and the United Kingdom are major players in the global economy. When disruptive occurrences occur, the supply chains of the two countries are affected adversely, and the effect is felt by business organizations in the countries. Over the recent years, the world has suffered from major economic disruptions including the COVID-19 and the Ukraine war. This research was aimed at examining the supply chain resilience tactics in both the United States and the United Kingdom, with a key focus on comprehending the resilience of enterprises in the countries and the governments. The main objective of the research was to analyse and evaluate the level of supply chain resilience in the countries with focus on supply network ecosystems. The study utilised mixed method approach to collect data from 20-30 participants. Semi-structured interviews, case studies, and surveys were all used to collect data that was analysed to answer the questions of the research. Findings indicated that both nations emphasised the need for diversification and risk assessment for risk resilience. Also, the study indicated that culture and leadership had a big impact on the United Kingdom, while the technical aspect had a big impact on United States. The study recommends development of robust supplier relationships, utilisation of digital systems, and promotion of leadership and organisational culture.
HERBAL PHARMACEUTICALS AND CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTS IN INNOVATIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Aslam Aysha , Afzal Hammad , Munir Rabia , Hafsah Maryam  , Rasheed Baig Muhammad Hammad , Rasheed Baig Isra , Naseer Sana , Kalim Ullah  , Siddique Maria
Published: November 2024

Background: A novel drug delivery system represents an innovative method for administering pharmaceuticals that overcomes the constraints of conventional drug delivery systems. Objectives: This article provides an overview of diverse drug delivery strategies applicable to herbal applications and several examples. Methodology: The data was searched using different databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and Pub Med. Results: The application of innovative drug delivery technology in herbal medicine may enhance efficacy and diminish the adverse effects of various herbal components and herbs. This encapsulates the fundamental concept of integrating innovative drug-delivery techniques within natural remedies. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate innovative drug delivery systems to address more severe disorders. People have used plants for food and medicine since ancient times, and they are considered natural remedies. Global efforts are to extract plant-based medicines from flora and bring them to market. Due to processing, standardization, extraction, and identification challenges, herbal medicines could not draw scientists' attention. However, due to technological advancements, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are developing revolutionary herbal medication delivery methods. Conclusion: There is great potential for monitoring drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, niosomes, ethosomes, vesicles, micellar solutions, liquid crystal dispersions, hydrogels, and liposomes composed of minuscule components with sizes ranging from 10-400 nm. The main goals of creating such delivery methods are to minimize drug degradation, maximize bioavailability, enhance drug stability, reduce drug toxicity, and prevent undesirable side effects with the provision of drugs at the targeted site. Targeting refers to the capability to focus drug-loaded strategies at a desired time to perform their physiological function.
La importancia de la armonización legislativa en México en materia de desaparición de personas para garantizar el pleno respeto de los derechos humanos
Authors:   Universidad La Salle Oaxaca, Escandón Torres Alejandra , Galavíz Briones Diana ,   Universidad La Salle Oaxaca
Published: November 2024

La desaparición de una persona constituye una grave violación a los derechos humanos, toda vez que su ausencia le impide el goce de sus derechos civiles, po-líticos, sociales, económicos y culturales, así como la garantía de su bienestar e integridad personal y el derecho al reconocimiento de su personalidad jurídica. De igual forma, se generan barreras que imposibilitan a terceros acceder a derechos que, ya sea por consanguinidad o situación jurídica, habían adquirido; en este sen-tido, toda persona que no tiene acceso al disfrute de sus derechos es considerada víctima, directa o indirecta, según sufra la afectación.
STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC NOISE OF PROPELLER CONSIDERING THE INFLUENCE OF BOUNDARY SURFACE USING CFD METHOD
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Pham Thanh Dong
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of both an isolated propeller model and a propeller - boundary surface model. The study uses the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques to analyze the flow field and wake flow behind the propeller and to determine its basic aerodynamic coefficients. The pressure on the surface of the propeller and boundary surface is used as input for the noise calculations. An acoustic analogy method, based on the Farassat 1A formulation derived from the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation, is employed to calculate the propagation of noise from the surfaces of the propeller and boundary surface to designated positions (microphones). The research results lead to some significant conclusions drawn by the authors.
Inteligencia Artificial en el Periodismo: Innovación, Ética y colaboración en la creación y verificación de contenidos
Authors: Quimis Arteaga Luis Edwin
Published: November 2024

Este artículo revisa el impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el periodismo, enfocándose en tres áreas clave: innovación, ética y colaboración en la verificación de noticias. La IA facilita la generación de contenidos automatizados y el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos, lo que aumenta la eficiencia en la producción periodística. Sin embargo, el uso de IA también plantea importantes desafíos éticos, como la transparencia algorítmica, el sesgo inherente y la responsabilidad en la creación de contenido. Asimismo, la colaboración entre periodistas y sistemas de IA resulta esencial en la verificación de información, mejorando la precisión y rapidez en la lucha contra la desinformación. Concluimos que la integración ética y equilibrada de la IA en el periodismo puede potenciar la calidad informativa y reforzar la confianza del público.
Criterios del alineamiento, direccionalidad y sincronización en la investigación científica
Authors: Yunkor-Romero Yurela Kosett , Ochoa-Pachas José Mario
Published: November 2024

Una de las principales dificultades en la producción científica actual es que no existen criterios uniformes para el desarrollo de las investigaciones y los procesos que ellas conllevan. La dificultad más saltante está referida al aparente conflicto entre los estudios cualitativos y los cuantitativos que han generado que se produzcan los denominados estudios mixtos. Lo cierto es que no existe tal confrontación, pues son momentos distintos dentro del proceso de generar conocimientos o solucionar problemas reales y palmarios (Supo & Zacarías, 2020). No se puede realizar investigación cuantitativa si no se hace previamente la cualitativa. Son los insumos que se producen en los estudios cualitativos, a los que se les denomina categorías, los que sirven para realizar las investigaciones cuantitativas y es en ese preciso momento que aparecen las variables. En ese sentido, las categorías se descomponen, se deconstruyen; mientras que las variables se miden y esta pequeña diferencia hace que estas investigaciones fluyan de lo cualitativo a lo cuantitativo. ¿Cómo medir algo que no se ha definido? ¿Cómo calcular algo que no se conocen sus componentes? Es por ello que cada tipo de investigación cumple una función, así como el estómago y el cerebro en el ser humano; así como el juez y el fiscal en un proceso judicial; así como el docente y el estudiante en una sesión de aprendizaje; así como la materia y energía en un fenómeno físico; así como la oxidación y reducción en un proceso químico; así como el médico y paciente en una consulta médica. Todo se encuentra concatenado y debe verse como un proceso holístico y sistemático. Lo cualitativo y cuantitativo son dos caras de una misma moneda, y ambos son científicos.
Nuevas fronteras del Derecho de familia en el siglo XXI
Authors: Serrano de Nicolás Ángel
Published: November 2024

Se consideran en este estudio las nuevas fronteras del Derecho de familia, en el siglo XXI, singularmente en lo que afecta al juego de la autonomía de la voluntad de los cónyuges, sea en la configuración del matrimonio y de sus pactos en previsión de una futura ruptura; así como lo relativo a las nuevas modalidades de filiación, en suma, derivadas de la maternidad subrogada y de la filiación artificial.
Una reflexión sobre las sanciones civiles
Authors: Benatti Francesca
Published: November 2024

El ensayo examina la noción de sanciones civiles desde la perspectiva del Derecho comparado.  Tras examinar la cláusula penal, se centra en los daños punitivos.  En la valoración de la figura ocupan un lugar central los fines que se persiguen. Sobre todo, adquiere importancia la función social. Es necesario determinar los casos, las garantías que deben aplicarse y los criterios de cuantificación.
Eficiencia del sistema concursal a la luz del análisis económico del Derecho
Authors: Carbonell O´Brien Esteban
Published: November 2024

La normativa concursal se encuentra orientada a servir como una herramienta legal para afrontar crisis de naturaleza patrimonial. El empresario busca que su negocio sea rentable, pero por factores sistémicos o exógenos, con frecuencia se presentan situaciones que hacen visible un resquebrajamiento de los estándares mínimos de producción, eficiencia y satisfacción. A la larga se ve afectada la eficacia de la empresa y por ende, el tejido empresarial se rompe y ello por consiguiente, afecta a los agentes que lo componen. En ese orden de ideas, la sola sanción de una norma jurídica no es suficiente, pues ésta puede carecer de incentivos que induzcan al empresario a su correcto uso. El análisis económico del Derecho sirve para complementar dicho objetivo, cual es una solución eficiente a la crisis. Dicho acuerdo consensuado entre el deudor y sus acreedores, se bifurca en dos caminos: la reestructuración o la liquidación del negocio. Ambas situaciones deben ser merituadas en función de la viabilidad de la empresa a fin, de no afectar el mercado. Finalmente, la consecuencia mediata será la tutela del crédito, el cual será más accesible a las mayorías, al concretarse un mercado saneado, libre de agentes ineficientes.
Inteligencia artificial y derecho privado
Authors: Libero Nocera Iván
Published: November 2024

La irrupción disruptiva de la inteligencia artificial en múltiples aspectos de la vida cotidiana ha suscitado la necesidad de analizar detenidamente cómo los sistemas basados en tales tecnologías pueden afectar, de forma más o menos directa, a los mecanismos de protección de los derechos fundamentales de la persona. En este contexto, el Derecho, que siempre ha sido el instrumento mediante el cual el hombre regula la vida, y en particular el Derecho privado, está llamado a regular las tecnologías emergentes que caracterizan la existencia contemporánea, con el fin de proteger los derechos y equilibrar intereses diferentes y a veces contrapuestos en la escena digital, sanando los conflictos. Esta investigación se centrará, en después de haber examinado la posición regulatoria de la Unión Europea respecto a la regulación de los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial, sobre la relación entre la Inteligencia Artificial y cuatro categorías clásicas del derecho privado: el sujeto, el bien, el contrato, la responsabilidad civil
The Association of RT-PCR Cycle Threshold Value with Timing of Sample Collection and Presenting Manifestations of COVID-19 Among Pediatric Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital in Davao City
Authors: Escabarte Cane
Published: November 2024

Background: Cycle threshold (Ct) value has gained clinical attention in the study of COVID-19 as it has been used as an indirect method of quantifying the viral RNA in a specimen. Investigating its utility will aid in discovering transmission dynamics and clinical decision-making.

Objective: To determine the association between the RT-PCR Ct value with the timing of sample collection and presenting manifestations of COVID-19 among pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective, analytical, cross sectional research was done which included all patients with a positive RT-PCR admitted in a private tertiary hospital in Davao City. Ct values and clinical and demographic data were retrieved. Descriptive statistics were used to present and analyze the profiles. Independent t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson r were used for comparison and correlation of variables.

Results: A total of 48 subjects were included in the study. Of the presenting manifestations, the most common were fever and cough. There was no significant difference in the Ct values of the different presenting manifestations.
There was a weak positive correlation between Ct value and time of sample collection (r 0.3027). A weak negative correlation between Ct value and number of presenting manifestations was also noted (r -0.2045).

Conclusion: Ct value increases with time and is significantly low during the first three days of illness. There is no significant difference in the mean Ct values of the different presenting manifestations. Furthermore, the higher number of presenting manifestations is associated with lower Ct values.
Comparison of Antibiotic Recommendation between Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis Calculator and American Academy of Pediatrics 2018 Guidelines in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Quitasol Angelica , Gozar Judah , Calitis Socorro Fatima
Published: November 2024

Background: Many neonates are started on antibiotics even if they are well-appearing due to presence of risk factors. The Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) calculator is a web-based tool that calculates for composite risk scores for sepsis and limits empiric antibiotic therapy only as necessary.

Objective: This study aims to determine if there is a significant difference between the proportion of neonates recommended for antibiotics using the EOS calculator and AAP guidelines for neonatal sepsis.

Methods: This is a retrospective hospital-based cohort study where review of charts of neonates ≥34 weeks age of gestation (AOG) who were started on intravenous antibiotics within 72 hours of life for the period of 2019 to 2023 was done. Peripartum risk factors were used to calculate for EOS risk score and categorize those to be recommended for treatment using the score as well as the AAP guidelines. Newborns with growth on blood culture were identified. McNemar’s test was used to determine if there is a significant difference between the two proportions. Sensitivity and specificity of both tools were calculated.

Results: Out of 916 neonates, 345 (38%) and 469 newborns (51%) were advised empiric antibiotic therapy by the EOS calculator and AAP 2018 guidelines respectively. A McNemar Test revealed a significantly lower proportion of neonates recommended for antibiotic treatment using the EOS calculator (p < 0.001). Blood culture was taken from 208 newborns and six had positive isolates. Both the EOS calculator and AAP guidelines had 100% sensitivity and recommended antibiotics for these culture-proven sepsis cases. EOS calculator had a higher specificity (45% vs 32%).

Conclusion: The EOS calculator as a risk assessment tool could significantly reduce use of antibiotics. The proportion of those who were recommended for antibiotics using the EOS calculator was significantly lower by 13% (p value = <0.001) compared to those who were recommended for antibiotics using the AAP 2018 guidelines. This proves to be a considerable reduction in the use of antibiotics through the EOS calculator. The EOS calculator also had higher specificity in recommending initiation of empiric antibiotic therapy compared to the AAP 2018 guidelines. Prospective use of the EOS calculator and experimental studies are needed to investigate safety in its use.
IMPLEMENTING LLM-BASED AI-TOOLS FOR KNOWLEDGE ASSISTANCE, TEXT AND SCENARIO ANALYSIS, AND IMAGE PROCESSING: CASE STUDIES OVERVIEW
Authors: Kaczmarski Peter , Vandamme Fernand
Published: November 2024

In this paper, research results are presented concerning the fast improving capabilities of today’s Large Language Models (LLMs). The accessibility and the capabilities of state-of-the-art LLMs are illustrated based on their online versions provided by OpenAI, Google, and Anthropic. The initial focus is on accessing the LLMs via web APIs and Python client applications, and the key part of this work focuses on testing the capabilities of LLMs in tasks such as text-based q&a sessions, knowledge assistance, text- and scenario analysis, document summarisation, image interpretation, and more. Experimental results are based on top-ranked LLMs from chatbot ranking available on the Hugging Face website, which presently are GPT-4, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Claude-3 Opus. For these 3 models, test outcomes are assessed and compared in the areas such as a stateful q&a sessions, among others concerning one of the most challenging books in English literature (“Ulysses”of James Joyce), an analysis of a false-belief Theory of Mind (ToM) scenario, and summarisation of scientific publications. In the final part, attention is given to text sentiment analysis approaches, and detailed experiments are presented concerning image description and mathematical operations on image elements carried out by the latest GPT-4o (omnium) multimodal LLM from OpenAI. Also, a literature study is provided concerning speech modules for OpenAI and Google Vertex AI LLMs. The major conclusion from this research is that fast-improving capabilities of today’s LLMs create high potential for their wide use.
Workplace Conflict: Its Impact on Employee Motivation and Productivity
Authors: Irwan Irwan
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of workplace conflict on employee motivation and productivity, focusing on the distinct effects of interpersonal, task-related, and process-related conflicts. The research explores how effectively managed conflicts can foster positive outcomes, such as innovation and team collaboration while mitigating their negative consequences. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach was employed to synthesize findings from recent studies, providing a comprehensive understanding of workplace conflict dynamics. The study draws from multiple peer-reviewed sources to analyze the relationship between conflict types, employee behavior, and organizational performance. The findings reveal that interpersonal conflicts negatively affect employee motivation by increasing stress and disengagement, while task-related conflicts, when managed constructively, can enhance creativity and problem-solving. Process conflicts have varied impacts, potentially disrupting efficiency and improving work coordination when resolved effectively. Additionally, unresolved conflicts are linked to higher turnover rates and diminished organizational stability. The discussion highlights the dual nature of conflict, emphasizing the importance of proactive conflict resolution strategies in fostering a productive work environment. This research underscores the practical need for organizations to implement effective conflict management mechanisms, such as mediation and communication training. Managerially, leveraging task conflicts for innovation while addressing interpersonal and process conflicts can improve team cohesion and organizational performance. The study contributes valuable insights for developing sustainable conflict resolution practices that support employee well-being and organizational success.
Haymaking in the Eighteenth Century
Authors:   National Museum of the Romanian Peasant, Blăjan Ion
Published: November 2024

Eighteenth-century historical records show that despite the large number of livestock in the Principalities, the reserves of hay prepared for their food in winter were minimal. The people rather relied on the livestock animals’ ability to find their own food in the fields when winters were not hard, on transhumance, or on the branches and shoots the people gathered from the forest and fed to the animals. There are numberless mentions in the documents issued by the royal chancelleries of haymaking day as corvée work, specifying only its temporal duration (from morning till evening), without any mention of the actual area that had to be mowed and then gathered. The hay was a valuable item; the hay price was set by royal decree in major cities including Bucharest to prevent excessive price rises. Hay storage was problematic because if left in the field, it had to be protected with fences so as not to be eaten by cattle left to find their own food; it could also be set on fire accidentally or purposefully. The Phanariot regime issued special hay regulations and procedures, especially for hay storage in the cities, to prevent fires as hay was highly flammable.
The Traditional Perceptions of Hay and Hay-Meadow Management in a Historical Village from Maramureş County, Romania
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Ivașcu Cosmin Marius , Öllerer Kinga ,   Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Rákosy László ,   Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology
Published: November 2024

Hay is still a fundamental resource for many Central and Eastern European traditional rural communities, as this is the only type of fodder used in winter time for the indoor feeding of livestock animals. To explore its current relevance for local communities, we conducted research in Ieud village, Maramureș county, in Northern Romania. The fourteenth-century documents clearly mention hay meadows as one of the most important land uses in the village, belonging to the local nobility. Due to the long history of animal husbandry and farming in the region, the locals from Ieud have developed a hay classification system based on dominant topography, land uses, slope exposure, dominant plant species and structure. Hay meadows are still managed traditionally, closely connected to several feast days, although the methods of hay monitoring and the timing of mowing are slightly different, thus proving the adaptability of traditional ecological knowledge. One significant difference between former and present management is that the meadows located at higher elevations and further away from the village are currently very rarely used for haymaking, most of them being used as pastures. Considering that these meadows are most valuable from a biodiversity perspective, we argue that appropriate policies and incentives are needed to support local communities in preserving traditional practices, maintaining their traditional ecological knowledge and promoting the valuation of ecosystem services.
Urban Pastoralism around Bucharest: Between Preserving Livelihoods and Adapting to Pressure from Urban Sprawl
Authors:   LE:NOTRE Institute, Wageningen, Netherlands, Triboi Roxana
Published: November 2024

The pastoral practice as subsistence process characterised by the “commons” in terms of property and management has declined in the industrial era because of its perceived low productivity and competition with intensified agriculture, industry, urban functions, infrastructure, and urban sprawl. Today, the animal production sector is dominated by the intensive industrial model that negatively impacts the global health. The survival in almost original form of the pastoral activity is related to its independence from mechanisation and urban infrastructure. The intensive process of urban sprawl of the last decades, characterised by the expansion of cities, often leads to various socioeconomic and environmental impacts, including the creation of abandoned or underutilised spaces within urban and peri-urban settings. The adaptation of this practice to the urban context has resulted in diverse ways of management across Europe, different approaches based on the traditional form or encouraged by contemporary activism. In the Balkans, the persistence of the pastoral practice and its short and medium transhumance infrastructure is strongly related to the strategy of avoiding state management and the persistence of alternative food networks. In Western Europe, innovative aspects like developing complex management plans for marketing and communicating on the activity, local actors’ inclusion in the co-construction process of the project, connection to local food networks are important features of modern urban pastoralism. The current challenges of this activity encompass the lack of specialised know-how specific to pastoral practices and aligning the operational conditions of extensive livestock to current societal expectations and standards.
Wie Betriebsräte die betriebliche Weiterbildung fördern – Handlungsoptionen und ihre Determinanten
Authors: EROL SERIFE
Published: November 2024

Die Teilnahme an Weiterbildungen ist entscheidend für den Erhalt der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. Dies gilt besonders für geringqualifizierte Beschäftigte, die weniger vom Arbeitgeber gefördert werden. Betriebsräte mit ihren umfangreichen Mitbestimmungsrechten dienen als wesentliche Mediatoren und engagieren sich für die gerechtere Verteilung von Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten und -finanzierung in Unternehmen. Wir wissen jedoch wenig darüber, unter welchen Bedingungen sich Betriebsräte für die betriebliche Weiterbildung engagieren. Anhand der WSI-Betriebs- und Personalrätebefragung werden die Faktoren untersucht, die das Engagement der Betriebsräte für betriebliche Weiterbildungen beeinflussen. Neben betriebsspezifischen Determinanten wie weiterbildungsförderliche Strukturen, Betriebsvereinbarungen zur Weiterbildung und Tarifbindung wurden auch die Interaktionsmodi innerhalb der innerbetrieblichen Austauschbeziehungen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass weiterbildungsförderliche Strukturen, institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen und die Konfliktfähigkeit der Betriebsräte ihr Engagement für die Förderung der betrieblichen Weiterbildung signifikant verbessern.
Methodik der WSI-Betriebs- und Personalrätebefragung
Authors: BREHMER WOLFRAM
Published: November 2024

Der Beitrag gibt einen detaillierten Einblick in die Methodik der WSI-Betriebs- und Personalrätebefragung. Er behandelt die Entwicklung der Befragung von ihren Anfängen im Jahr 1998 bis zur aktuellen Panelstudie, die 2015 gestartet wurde und 2023 ihre sechste Welle hatte. Erläutert wird die Grundgesamtheit der Befragung, ergänzt um eine Analyse der Wahrscheinlichkeiten, auf Betriebs- oder Personalräte zu stoßen, die Stichprobenziehungen, die Panelpflege, die Fragebogenentwicklung und Pretests, die Erhebungszeiträume sowie die Durchführung der telefonischen Befragung. Weiterhin werden die Inhalte der Befragung vorgestellt, insbesondere die der jüngsten Welle aus dem Jahr 2023.