bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on AlkylNitrogen Bond Formation via Reductive Elimination from Monomeric Palladium Complexes in High Oxidation State
Authors: Iglesias Álvaro , Muñiz Kilian
Published: October 2012

Oxidation of a series of defined palladium(II) complexes bearing a bidentate ligand, and a methyl and an amidato substituent was carried out with the aim to gain a better understanding of the inherent requirements for CN bond‐formation from Pd complexes in high oxidation state. This work clarified the role of the individual nitrogen sources and has important implication for alkylnitrogen bond‐forming reactions catalyzed by Pd.
Oxidative Cleavage and Rearrangement of Aryl Epoxides Using Iodosylbenzene: on Criegee's Trail
Authors: Havare Nizam , Plattner Dietmar A.
Published: October 2012

Aryl epoxides undergo rearrangement and oxidative cleavage when reacted with in situ prepared hydroxy‐λ3‐iodane complexes. The presence of H2O plays a decisive role in steering the reaction path. A mechanistic scheme is proposed that accounts for the observed chemoselectivities.
Effects of Juvenile Hormone and Precocene on the Reproduction of Brachionus calyciflorus
Authors: Lv Linlan , Jiang Qichen , Chen1 Xuejiao , Yang Jiaxin
Published: October 2012

We studied the effects of juvenile hormone and precocene on reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Amictic females of B. calyciflorus that were 2‐4 hours old were exposed to different concentrations of juvenile hormone (0.004, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/L) and/or precocene (0.05, 0.25, 0.75, 3.75, 7.5 mg/L) for 24 h. They were then transferred to a new medium without hormone and checked every 2 h during the next 48 h, and thereafter monitored daily until the individual died. Precocene had no effects on the length of the rotifer juvenile period, hatching time of the first neonate, lifetime reproduction, or the mixis ratio. In contrast, juvenile hormone at 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 mg/L significantly prolonged the juvenile period by 6.1, 9.2, and 8.6%, respectively. When 26‐28‐h‐old amictic females were exposed to the same concentration series of juvenile hormone or precocene, precocene at 3.75 mg/L resulted in an increase in lifetime reproduction of 30.39%. However, at 0.75 and 3.75 mg/L precocene, a significantly lower percentage of mictic females was found, whereas juvenile hormone had no effect on the lifetime reproduction or mixis ratio. The population growth test showed that juvenile hormone had significant effects on the population growth rate and mixis ratio, but no effect on resting egg production. In comparison, precocene had no effect on any of these parameters. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Approaches to Developing Content Area Literacies: A Synthesis and a Critique
Authors: Fang Zhihui
Published: October 2012

This column synthesizes and critiques three dominant approaches to developing content area literacies.
Visual and Digital Texts
Authors: Ash Gwynne Ellen
Published: October 2012

This column provides reviews of adolescent and adult visual and digital texts and provides a valuable resource for visual and digital text selection in‐ and outside the classroom.
In vitro chondrogenesis by BMP6 gene therapy
Authors: Kayabaşi Gonca Karagöz , Tiğli Aydin R. Seda , Gümüşderelioğlu Menemşe
Published: October 2012

In this study, the promotion of in vitro chondrogenesis was investigated by using chitosan scaffolds and rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) which are transfected by BMP6 (bone morphogenetic protein‐6) encoding gene. For this purpose, plasmid DNA (pShuttle‐rBMP6), the expression vector consisting of the coding sequence of the BMP6 was obtained, and then, it was entrapped in chitosan scaffolds to obtain a gene‐activated matrix (GAM). The chitosan scaffolds performed the controlled and sustained release of plasmid DNA, thus they continuously provided the modification of rBMSCs to induce chondrogenic differentiation. In addition, the cells were transfected by lipid‐based agent (Lipofectamine) and then, these modified cells were inoculated into the chitosan scaffolds. Furthermore, a group of chitosan scaffolds with nontransfected rBMSCs with recombinant BMP6 free in culture medium was used as control. Comparative results showed that, mitochondrial activities of modified rBMSCs by Lipofectamine and chitosan GAM were significantly higher than those of nontransfected rBMSCs. The observations from scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that BMP6 gene‐modified rBMSCs differentiated to the chondrogenic phenotype. Highest amount of glycosaminoglycan contents of rBMSCs on GAM concluded that BMP6 gene‐activated chitosan scaffold has a potential in the application of cartilage regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Electrical signals guided entrapment and controlled release of antibiotics on titanium surface
Authors: Shi Xiaowen , Wu Huiping , Li Yuanyuan , Wei Xiaoquan , Du Yumin
Published: October 2012

Electrical signals are used to trigger the entrapment and release of antibiotics on the surface of titanium plate. The entrapment of antibiotics relies on the electrochemically induced pH gradient generated at the titanium surface that allows the gelation of an aminopolysaccharide chitosan and codeposition of vancomycin, a common antibiotic, within chitosan gel. The release of vancomycin is controlled by an anodic signal imposed to the titanium plate that causes a pH decrease and erosion of chitosan gel. We show that the on demand entrapment and release of vancomycin at the surface of titanium plate is fundamentally altered and controlled by voltage. We expect that this rapid, mild and facile electrochemical process for antibiotics loading and release will find applications in controlled drug release from titanium implants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Accurate dynamical structure factors fromab initiolattice dynamics: The case of crystalline silicon
Authors: Erba Alessandro , Ferrabone Matteo , Orlando Roberto , Dovesi Roberto
Published: October 2012

A fullyab initiotechnique is discussed for the determination of dynamical X‐ray structure factors (XSFs) of crystalline materials, which is based on a standard Debye–Waller (DW) harmonic lattice dynamical approach with all‐electron atom‐centered basis sets, periodic boundary conditions, and one‐electron Hamiltonians. This technique requires an accurate description of the lattice dynamics and the electron charge distribution of the system. The main theoretical parameters involved and final accuracy of the technique are discussed with respect to the experimental determinations of the XSFs at 298 K of crystalline silicon. An overall agreement factor of 0.47% between theab initiopredicted values and the experimental determinations is found. The best theoretical determination of the anisotropic displacement parameter, of silicon is here 60.55 × 10−4Å2, corresponding to a DW factorB= 0.4781 Å2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the choice of a reference state for one‐step perturbation calculations between polar and nonpolar molecules in a polar environment
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , van Gunsteren Wilfred F.
Published: October 2012

One‐step perturbation is an efficient method to estimate free energy differences in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, but its accuracy depends critically on the choice of an appropriate, possibly unphysical, reference state that optimizes the sampling of the physical end states. In particular, the perturbation from a polar moiety to a nonpolar one and vice versa in a polar environment such as water poses a challenge which is of importance when estimating free energy differences that involve entropy changes and the hydrophobic effect. In this work, we systematically study the performance of the one‐step perturbation method in the calculation of the free enthalpy difference between a polar water solute and a nonpolar “water” solute molecule solvated in a box of 999 polar water molecules. Both these polar and nonpolar physical reference states fail to predict the free enthalpy difference as obtained by thermodynamic integration, but the result is worse using the nonpolar physical reference state, because both a properly sized cavity and a favorable orientation of the polar solute in a polar environment are rarely, if ever, sampled in a simulation of the nonpolar solute in such an environment. Use of nonphysical soft‐core reference states helps to sample properly sized cavities, and post‐MD simulation rotational and translational sampling of the solute to be perturbed leads to much improved free enthalpy estimates from one‐step perturbation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solving the problem of negative populations in approximate accelerated stochastic simulations using the representative reaction approach
Authors: Kadam Shantanu , Vanka Kumar
Published: October 2012

Methods based on the stochastic formulation of chemical kinetics have the potential to accurately reproduce the dynamical behavior of various biochemical systems of interest. However, the computational expense makes them impractical for the study of real systems. Attempts to render these methods practical have led to the development of accelerated methods, where the reaction numbers are modeled by Poisson random numbers. However, for certain systems, such methods give rise to physically unrealistic negative numbers for species populations. The methods which make use of binomial variables, in place of Poisson random numbers, have since become popular, and have been partially successful in addressing this problem. In this manuscript, the development of two new computational methods, based on the representative reaction approach (RRA), has been discussed. The new methods endeavor to solve the problem of negative numbers, by making use of tools like the stochastic simulation algorithm and the binomial method, in conjunction with the RRA. It is found that these newly developed methods perform better than other binomial methods used for stochastic simulations, in resolving the problem of negative populations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Repeated fed‐batch production of xylitol by Candida magnoliaeTISTR 5663
Authors: Sirisansaneeyakul Sarote , Wannawilai Siwaporn , Chisti Yusuf
Published: October 2012

Background

Xylitol is an important commercial sweetener that can be produced by fermentation. Previous studies of xylitol production have not been able to combine a high final product concentration, and a high average productivity and yield, in a single process.

Results

High‐cell density cultures of the yeast Candida magnoliae TISTR 5663 were used to produce xylitol by repeated fed‐batch fermentations under oxygen limiting conditions involving feeding of xylose and nitrogen. Xylitol yields of 0.727, 0.719 and 0.720 g g−1 were obtained at average biomass concentrations of 21, 48, and 50 g L−1, respectively, using an initial xylose concentration of ∼60 g L−1 under controlled conditions (agitation rate 300 rpm, aeration rate 1.0 vvm, pH 7.0, 30°C). For a total duration of 750 h of a repeated fed‐batch fermentation, an average xylitol productivity of 1.149 g L−1 h−1 was attained within the fed‐batch periods. The final xylitol concentration was in the range 235–284 g L−1 depending on the stage of feeding.

Conclusion

The fed‐batch xylitol production developed in this work combined high final product concentration, xylitol productivity and yield in a single process.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Rhizodeposition: Its contribution to microbial growth and carbon and nitrogen turnover within the rhizosphere
Authors: Schenck zu Schweinsberg‐Mickan Mario , Jörgensen Rainer Georg , Müller Torsten
Published: October 2012

A greenhouse rhizobox experiment was carried out to investigate the fate and turnover of 13C‐ and 15N‐labeled rhizodeposits within a rhizosphere gradient from 0–8 mm distance to the roots of wheat. Rhizosphere soil layers from 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–6, and 6–8 mm distance to separated roots were investigated in an incubation experiment (42 d, 15°C) for changes in total C and N and that derived from rhizodeposition in total soil, in soil microbial biomass, and in the 0.05 M K2SO4–extractable soil fraction. CO2‐C respiration in total and that derived from rhizodeposition were measured from the incubated rhizosphere soil samples. Rhizodeposition C was detected in rhizosphere soil up to 4–6 mm distance from the separated roots. Rhizodeposition N was only detected in the rhizosphere soils up to 3–4 mm distance from the roots. Microbial biomass C and N was increased with increasing proximity to the separated roots. Beside 13C and 15N derived from rhizodeposits, unlabeled soil C and N (native SOM) were incorporated into the growing microbial biomass towards the roots, indicating a distinct acceleration of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and N immobilization into the growing microbial biomass, even under the competition of plant growth. During the soil incubation, microbial biomass C and N decreased in all samples. Any decrease in microbial biomass C and N in the incubated rhizosphere soil layers is attributed mainly to a decrease of unlabeled (native) C and N, whereas the main portion of previously incorporated rhizodeposition C and N during the plant growth period remained immobilized in the microbial biomass during the incubation. Mineralization of native SOM C and N was enhanced within the entire investigated rhizosphere gradient. The results indicate complex interactions between substrate input derived from rhizodeposition, microbial growth, and accelerated C and N turnover, including the decomposition of native SOM (i.e., rhizosphere priming effects) at a high spatial resolution from the roots.
On the existence of low‐diaphony sequences made of digital sequences and lattice point sets
Authors: Kritzer Peter , Pillichshammer Friedrich
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we discuss hybrid point sets built from two of the most prominent classes of sequences used in quasi‐Monte Carlo methods. We derive an existence result on point sets with low diaphony, where the components of the points involved stem from a digital (t,s)‐sequence on the one hand, and from a lattice point set on the other. Moreover, we outline how the hybrid diaphony of the point sets considered in this paper relates to the worst‐case integration error in suitable function spaces.
3D Photofixation Lithography in Diels–Alder Networks
Authors: Adzima Brian J. , Kloxin Christopher J. , DeForest Cole A. , Anseth Kristi S. , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: October 2012

3D structures are written and developed in a crosslinked polymer initially formed by a Diels–Alder reaction. Unlike conventional liquid resists, small features cannot sediment, as the reversible crosslinks function as a support, and the modulus of the material is in the MPa range at room temperature. The support structure, however, can be easily removed by heating the material, and depolymerizing the polymer into a mixture of low‐viscosity monomers. Complex shapes are written into the polymer network using two‐photon techniques to spatially control the photoinitiation and subsequent thiol–ene reaction to selectively convert the Diels–Alder adducts into irreversible crosslinks.
Coping strategies of Spanish pregnant women and their impact on anxiety and depression
Authors: Peñacoba‐Puente Cecilia , Carmona‐Monge Francisco Javier , Marín‐Morales Dolores , Naber Katharina
Published: October 2012

The aims of this study were to analyze the coping strategies used by women in the first trimester of low‐risk pregnancies, their relationships to sociodemographic and pregnancy variables, and their ability to predict anxiety and depression in the third trimester. Participants in the first trimester were 285 Spanish pregnant women, of whom 122 were followed into the third trimester. The use of problem‐focused coping was stable, whereas variations occurred in emotion‐focused coping. Age, educational level, employment, planned pregnancy, previous childbirth, and previous miscarriage were associated with adaptive coping. Coping strategies predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms were overt emotional expression and social support seeking. Coping through religion predicted anxiety. Coping is a complex process influenced by sociodemographic and obstetric factors that can contribute to the onset of psychological symptoms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:54–64, 2013
Mit neuer Software zum virtuellen Warenlager
Authors: Kreutzer Lutz , Ulrich Markus
Published: October 2012

In der industriellen Bildverarbeitung zählt HALCON von MVTec zu den weltweit führenden Softwarebibliotheken. Die neue Version 11 der Software bietet Innovationen, die dem gesamten Machine Vision Markt einen neuen Schub geben werden.
Zeilenkameras für die industrielle Bildverarbeitung
Authors: Gips Peter , Oechsner Ulrich
Published: October 2012

Zeilenkameras sind Halbleiterkameras mit nur einer lichtempfindlichen Zeile. Sie finden Ihre Verwendung vor allem im industriellen Umfeld. Eingesetzt werden Zeilenkameras entweder zur Ermittlung eindimensionaler Messgrößen, wie z.B. der Breite eines Spaltes, oder in Verbindung mit einer scannenden Bewegung zur Aufnahme eines zweidimensionalen Bildes, wie z. B. bei einem Faxgerät oder Kopierer. Vorzüge der Zeilenkameras sind hohe optische Auflösung, hohe Geschwindigkeit, freie Dimensionierung der Bildhöhe und Synchronisierbarkeit jeder einzelnen Zeile. Sie eröffnen vielfältige Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der industriellen Bildverarbeitung. Bei Bahnmaterialien, Förderbändern oder ähnlichem, bieten Zeilenkameras zudem die Möglichkeit kontinuierlicher Endlosaufnahmen. Zur Rechneranbindung stehen dem Anwender moderne digitale Schnittstellen wie Gigabit Ethernet, USB 2.0 (demnächst 3.0), CameraLink und LVDS zur Auswahl.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease: impact of mode of delivery on neonatal outcome
Authors: Trento Luca U. , Pruetz Jay D. , Chang Ruey K. , Detterich Jon , Sklansky Mark S.
Published: October 2012

Objective

We sought to evaluate the impact of mode of delivery (MOD) on early outcome for neonates diagnosed prenatally with major forms of congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods

We retrospectively studied infants admitted, over a 2‐year period, to a single institution for cardiac intervention. Infants were grouped on the basis of timing of diagnosis (prenatal/postnatal) and MOD – planned (induced labor or planned cesarean delivery) versus spontaneous labor. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate independent predictors for MOD and early outcomes.

Results

Of 329 patients, 45% received a prenatal diagnosis of CHD. A prenatal diagnosis of CHD increased the likelihood for planned delivery [odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 to 4.5, p < 0.001]. Newborns prenatally diagnosed with CHD were more likely to have been delivered between 8 am and 6 pm, Monday through Friday (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.8, p = 0.019). However, MOD had no statistical impact on Apgar score, duration of pre‐operative intubation, and survival to surgery or to discharge. The Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1 surgical mortality score was the only independent predictor of hospital mortality.

Conclusions

In our experience, although a prenatal diagnosis of CHD decreased the likelihood of spontaneous labor, MOD had no demonstrable impact on neonatal outcome. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Problem‐focussed interactive telephone therapy for cancer patients: a phase II feasibility trial
Authors: Watson M. , White C. , Davolls S. , Mohammed A. , Lynch A. , Mohammed K.
Published: October 2012

Objective

The study aimed to evaluate Problem‐Focussed Interactive Telephone Therapy, an individual psychological therapy based on cognitive‐behavioural therapy adapted for telephone delivery to cancer patients with high psychological needs.

Methods

A non‐randomised, within‐group prospective design was used. Outcome measures pre‐therapy and post‐therapy included were as follows: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale: helpless/hopeless sub‐scale only, Checklist of Cancer Concerns, Cancer Coping Questionnaire and EQ‐5D quality of life. A study‐specific Service Evaluation Questionnaire was included. Eligible patients were either (i) offered out‐patient screening for anxiety/depression/helplessness (n = 649) or (ii) referred for psychological care by oncology clinicians (n = 160).

Results

Thirty two percent (36/114) of screen‐identified cases and 22% (35/160) of referred patients participated, and 42 were available for analysis. There were significant post‐therapy improvements in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety (p = 0.002) and depression (p = 0.003), Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale helpless/hopeless (p = 0.036), cancer concerns (p = 0.005) and overall quality of life (p = 0.048). Overall, 81% (34/42) of participants were defined as clinical cases at baseline and 32% were no longer cases post‐therapy. There were significant improvements in coping consistent with the therapy method.

Conclusions

A minority of symptomatic patients opt for telephone psychological therapy; however, where they do, there are significant improvements indicating that telephone‐delivered therapy is feasible in patients with high needs. Findings are discussed in relation to current issues on the implementation of distress screening and psychological therapy provision within clinical settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluenz: a new influenza vaccine administered intranasally
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Thors Valtyr , Finn Adam
Published: October 2012

Fluenz is a live attenuated influenza vaccine given intranasally. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Dr Thors and Professor Finn discuss its place in the new NHS influenza vaccination programme in children.
Prescribing for type 2 diabetes in the elderly: issues and solutions
Authors: Gadsby Roger , Hicks Debbie , Holt Richard
Published: October 2012

Over half of the total diabetic population in the UK is over 65 years old and this presents particular challenges for therapeutic management. In this Expert Panel Discussion, the panel considers issues and solutions around prescribing for type 2 diabetes in elderly patients.
Silicon nanocrystals: Novel synthesis routes for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Perraud Simon , Quesnel Etienne , Parola Stéphanie , Barbé Jérémy , Muffato Viviane , Faucherand Pascal , Morin Christine , Jarolimek Karol , Van Swaaij René A. C. M. M. , Zeman Miro , Richards Stephen , Kingsley Andrew , Doyle Hugh , Linehan Keith , O'Brien Shane , Povey Ian M. , Pemble Martyn E. , Xie Ling , Leifer Klaus , Makasheva Kremena , Despax Bernard
Published: October 2012

Novel processes were developed for fabricating silicon nanocrystals and nanocomposite materials which could be used as absorbers in third generation photovoltaic devices. A conventional high‐temperature annealing technique was studied as a reference process, with some new insights in crystallisation mechanisms. Innovative methods for silicon nanocrystal synthesis at much lower temperature were demonstrated, namely chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD) and aerosol‐assisted CVD. Besides the advantage of low substrate temperature, these new techniques allow to fabricate silicon nanocrystals embedded in wide bandgap semiconductor host matrices, with a high density and a narrow size dispersion.
Structural and optical properties of phase‐change amorphous and crystalline Ge1 − xTex (0 < x < 1) thin films
Authors: Park Jun‐Woo , Song Misun , Yoon Seokhyun , Lim Hyungkwang , Jeong Doo Seok , Cheong Byung‐ki , Lee Hosun
Published: October 2012

Ge1 − xTex thin films were grown using thermal coevaporation deposition. The dielectric functions and the phonon modes of amorphous (a‐) and crystalline (c‐) Ge1 − xTex films were measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy in order to investigate electronic and vibrational properties of these alloys. Using the second derivative spectra of the dielectric functions of a‐Ge1 − xTex alloys and the standard critical point (SCP) model, we obtained optical transition energies for the a‐Ge1 − xTex alloys. The optical transition energies were not only consistent with the density of states (DOS) reported in the literature, but also provided more detailed structures for the joint density of states (JDOS) of a‐Ge1 − xTex.

magnified image

The second derivative spectra of d2ε(E)/dE2 for amorphous GeTe. The transition energies were estimated using SCP model (short arrows) and were compared to those of photoemission spectroscopy from literature (long arrows).
Solvation of graphite oxide in water–methanol binary polar solvents
Authors: You Shujie , Yu Junchun , Sundqvist Bertil , Talyzin Alexandr V.
Published: October 2012

The phase transition between two solvated phases was studied by DSC for graphite oxide (GO) powders immersed in water–methanol mixtures of various compositions. GO forms solid solvates with two different compositions when immersed in methanol. Reversible phase transition between two solvate states due to insertion/desertion of methanol monolayer occurs upon temperature variations. The temperature point and the enthalpy (ΔH) of the phase transition are maximal for pure methanol and decrease linearly with increase of water fraction up to 30%.
Calculations of dynamic dipole polarizabilities of Li and Na atoms in debye plasma using the model potential technique
Authors: Li Hua‐Wei , Kar Sabyasachi , Jiang Pinghui
Published: October 2012

The effects of Debye plasma on the frequency‐dependent polarizabilities of Li and Na atoms are investigated using symplectic algorithm within the framework of the pseudostate summation technique. Dynamic dipole polarizabilities of Li (2s 2S) and Na(3s 2S) as functions of scaled number density of the plasma electrons for arbitrary plasma temperature are presented. Screening effects on the resonance frequencies are also presented. In free‐atomic cases, our calculated results are comparable with the reported theoretical and experimental predictions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A holistic approach to model‐based testing of Web service compositions
Authors: Belli Fevzi , Endo Andre Takeshi , Linschulte Michael , Simao Adenilso
Published: October 2012

The behavior of composed Web services depends on the results of the invoked services; unexpected behavior of one of the invoked services can threat the correct execution of an entire composition. This paper proposes an event‐based approach to black‐box testing of Web service compositions based on event sequence graphs, which are extended by facilities to deal not only with service behavior under regular circumstances (i.e., where cooperating services are working as expected) but also with their behavior in undesirable situations (i.e., where cooperating services are not working as expected). Furthermore, the approach can be used independently of artifacts (e.g., Business Process Execution Language) or type of composition (orchestration/choreography). A large case study, based on a commercial Web application, demonstrates the feasibility of the approach and analyzes its characteristics. Test generation and execution are supported by dedicated tools. Especially, the use of an enterprise service bus for test execution is noteworthy and differs from other approaches. The results of the case study encourage to suggest that the new approach has the power to detect faults systematically, performing properly even with complex and large compositions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TNF-α Has Tropic Rather than Apoptotic Activity in Human Hematopoietic Progenitors: Involvement of TNF Receptor-1 and Caspase-8
Authors: Mizrahi Keren , Stein Jerry , Yaniv Isaac , Kaplan Offer , Askenasy Nadir
Published: October 2012

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been suggested to exert detrimental effects on hematopoietic progenitor function that might limit the success of transplants. In this study, we assessed the influences of TNF-α and its two cognate receptors on the function of fresh umbilical cord blood (UCB) and cryopreserved mobilized peripheral blood (mPB). CD34+ progenitors from both sources are less susceptible to spontaneous apoptosis than lineage-committed cells and are not induced into apoptosis by TNF-α. Consequently, the activity of UCB-derived severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) reconstituting cells and long-term culture-initiating cells is unaffected by this cytokine. On the contrary, transient exposure of cells from both sources to TNF-α stimulates the activity of myeloid progenitors, which persists in vivo in UCB cell transplants. Progenitor stimulation is selectively mediated by TNF-R1 and involves activation of caspase-8, without redundant activity of TNF-R2. Despite significant differences between fresh UCB cells and cryopreserved mPB cells in susceptibility to apoptosis and time to activation, TNF-α is primarily involved in tropic signaling in hematopoietic progenitors from both sources. Cytokine-mediated tropism cautions against TNF-α neutralization under conditions of stress hematopoiesis and may be particularly beneficial in overcoming the limitations of UCB cell transplants.
RAPS: a precision‐adaptive protocol towards improved data fidelity in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Deng Hanlin , Zhang Baoxian , Jiao Zhenzhen , Li Cheng
Published: October 2012

Achieving high data quality and efficient network resource utilization is two major design objectives of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, these two objectives are often conflictive. By allowing sensors to report sampled data at high rates, fine‐grained data quality can be obtained. However, the limited resources of a WSN make it difficult to support very high traffic rate. Therefore, the capability of adaptively adjusting sensor nodes' traffic‐generating rates on the basis of the availability of network resources and application requirements is critical. This issue has attracted much attention recently, and some work has been carried out.

To achieve high data quality and improved utilization of network resources, in this paper, we propose rate‐based adaptive precision setting (RAPS) protocol, which works in a way that each sensor can adaptively adjust its traffic‐generating rate on the basis of the current network resources availability and application requirements. RAPS introduces the following two key factors into its design: application's precision requirement and packet arrival rate. Analytical and simulation results show that RAPS can achieve improved data quality while reducing packet delivery latency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New phenotypes generated by the G57R mutation of BUD23 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lin Jyun‐Liang , Yu Hui‐Chia , Chao Ju‐Lan , Wang Chung , Cheng Ming‐Yuan
Published: October 2012

BUD23 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes for a class I methyltransferase, and deletion of the gene results in slow growth and random budding phenotypes. Herein, two BUD23 mutants defective in methyltransferase activity were generated to investigate whether the phenotypes of the null mutant might be correlated with a loss in enzymatic activity. Expression at the physiological level of both D77A and G57R mutants was able to rescue the phenotypes of the bud23‐null mutant. The result implied that the methyltransferase activity of the protein was not necessary for supporting normal growth and bud site selection of the cells. High‐level expression of Bud23 (G57R), but not Bud23 or Bud23 (D77A), in BUD23 deletion cells failed to complement these phenotypes. However, just like Bud23, Bud23 (G57R) was localized in a DAPI‐poor region in the nucleus. Distinct behaviour in Bud23 (G57R) could not be originated from a mislocalization of the protein. Over‐expression of Bud23 (G57R) in null cells also produced changes in actin organization and additional septin mutant‐like phenotypes. Therefore, the absence of Bud23, Bud23 (G57R) at a high level might affect the cell division of yeast cells through an as yet unidentified mechanism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytofluorometric detection of wine lactic acid bacteria: application of malolactic fermentation to the monitoring
Authors: Salma Mohammad , Rousseaux Sandrine , Sequeira-Le Grand Anabelle , Alexandre Hervé
Published: October 2012

In this study we report for the first time a rapid, efficient and cost-effective method for the enumeration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine. Indeed, up to now, detection of LAB in wine, especially red wine, was not possible. Wines contain debris that cannot be separated from bacteria using flow cytometry (FCM). Furthermore, the dyes tested in previous reports did not allow an efficient staining of bacteria. Using FCM and a combination of BOX/PI dyes, we were able to count bacteria in wines. The study was performed in wine inoculated with Oenococcus oeni (106 CFU ml−1) stained with either FDA or BOX/PI and analyzed by FCM during the malolactic fermentation (MLF). The analysis show a strong correlation between the numbers of BOX/PI-stained cells determined by FCM and the cell numbers determined by plate counts (red wine: R2 ≥ 0.97, white wine R2 ≥ 0.965). On the other hand, we found that the enumeration of O. oeni labeled with FDA was only possible in white wine (R2 ≥ 0.97). Viable yeast and LAB populations can be rapidly discriminated and quantified in simultaneous malolactic-alcoholic wine fermentations using BOX/PI and scatter parameters in a one single measurement. This rapid procedure is therefore a suitable method for monitoring O. oeni populations during winemaking, offers a detection limit of <104 CFU ml−1 and can be considered a useful method for investigating the dynamics of microbial growth in wine and applied for microbiological quality control in wineries.
Longitudinal training and assessing consultation competence, a role for self
reflection on performance
Authors: Hegge Harianne H. M. , Slaets Joris J. P. , Cohen-Schotanus Janke
Published: October 2012

Medical consultation (patient–doctor encounter), consisting of history taking,
physical examination and treatment, is the starting point of any contact between doctor
and patient. Learning to conduct a consultation is a complex skill. Both communicative
and medical contents need to be applied and integrated. Conducting an adequate
consultation is a skill which is gradually learned and perfected during training and
career. This article discusses the background and implementation of a longitudinal
integrated consultation training programme in clerkships. In the programme, the
student’s reflection on the consultation plays an important role in education and
assessment.
Aberrant expression of collapsin response mediator proteins‐1, ‐2 and ‐5 in the brain of intrauterine growth restricted rats
Authors: Aravidou Eftychia , Tsangaris George , Samara Athina , Dontas Ismene , Botsis Dimitrios , Aravidis Christos , Chrousos George P. , Malamitsi‐Puchner Ariadne
Published: October 2012

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been associated with increased perinatal morbidity, higher incidence of neurodevelopmental defects and increased risk for adult metabolic syndrome manifestations. Altered protein expression profiles associated with IUGR may be informative on the pathological mechanisms of this condition and might reveal potential markers for postnatal complications. We hypothesized that nutrient manipulation of the pregnant rat might influence the expression of important neurodevelopmental proteins in the resultant IUGR offspring. Therefore, we aimed to determine in newborn rat brain tissue the expression of collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs)‐1, ‐2 and ‐5, commonly referred to as dihydropyrimidinase‐related proteins (DPYLs) – playing a role in axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration – and compare it to the corresponding expression in control rats. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, as well as Western blot analysis were employed in brain tissue from 24 IUGR newborn rats and 24 controls. With both methods, CRMP‐1, CRMP‐2 and CRMP‐5 were decreased in the brains of the IUGR group as compared to the control group at the time of delivery. In conclusion, IUGR rat offspring are born with a decreased expression of CRMPs, suggesting that these proteins may be implicated in fetal stress‐induced programming.
Long‐term results of prolapse recurrence and functional outcome after vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: Prodigalidad Lisa T. , Peled Yoav , Stanton Stuart L. , Krissi Haim
Published: October 2012

Objective

To evaluate the incidence of prolapse and prolapse‐related symptoms following vaginal hysterectomy.

Methods

Data were reviewed from women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy between 1988, and 1995, at St George's Hospital, London, UK, and attended long‐term follow‐up. Outcome measures included a questionnaire for prolapse, urinary, bowel, and sexual symptoms; and a vaginal examination.

Results

Among 94 women attending long‐term evaluation, the mean follow‐up time was 100.7 months (range 67.0–156.0 months). Before vaginal hysterectomy, urgency was noted among 23 (24.5%), urge incontinence among 11 (11.7%), and stress incontinence among 8 (8.5%) women. At follow‐up, these symptoms were observed among 23 (24.5%), 13 (13.8%), and 6 (6.4%) women, respectively. De novo urge incontinence and de novo stress incontinence were observed among 3 (3.2%) and 2 (2.1%) women, respectively. Vaginal examination data were compared for 70 women, of whom 18 (25.7%) had grade 1, 40 (57.1%) had grade 2, and 6 (8.6%) had grade 3 uterine prolapsed before surgery. Postoperatively, vaginal vault prolapse occurred in 7 (10.0%) women and correlated with degree of posterior prolapse (P = 0.007), but not with severity of uterine descent (P = 0.205) or previous prolapse surgery (P = 0.573).

Conclusion

The incidence of post‐hysterectomy vault prolapse correlated with the degree of preoperative rectocele.
An examination of the relation between asymmetric risk measures, prior returns and expected daily stock returns
Authors: Huffman Stephen P. , Moll Cliff R.
Published: October 2012

We use a sample of individual firm stock returns over the 1988–2009 time period to determine whether: (1) expected daily returns are related to asymmetric risk measures, (2) expected daily returns are related to the directional change of the prior day's price, and (3) our results are robust to the addition of firm size, book‐to‐market equity and liquidity. We find that investors are compensated for asymmetric risk; however, the positive risk–return relation is present only for our smallest firm quintile. We find a short‐term return reversal present in all subgroups, except for the largest firms in our sample. We also document that the low volatility anomaly may be related to firm size and liquidity.
Locus of Control in Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) and Depression Symptoms: The Moderating Effect of Externality on Obsessive-Related Control Beliefs in OC Symptoms
Authors: Inozu Mujgan , Yorulmaz Orcun , Terzi Serife
Published: October 2012

Although the role of excessive efforts to exert mental control over one's unwanted intrusive thoughts has been successfully explained and documented in the cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), individual's beliefs regarding the controllability of events, that is, locus of control (LOC), have been largely ignored in recent cognitive formulations of OCD. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between these two control-related cognitions by comparing their roles in obsessive–compulsive (OC) and depression symptoms. Measures of LOC, obsessive-related beliefs, depression, anxiety and OCD symptoms were administered to a sample of 530 Turkish university students. Results showed that while external LOC was positively associated with depression symptoms, the relation was different for OC symptoms. The interaction of LOC with a high desire for thought control was significantly associated with general OC symptoms, particularly with checking symptoms. The findings suggest that beliefs regarding the controllability of events are critical factors in OC symptomatology, but only when there is also a high desire of thought control.
Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders
Authors: Kessler R. C. , Calabrese J. R. , Farley P. A. , Gruber M. J. , Jewell M. A. , Katon W. , Keck P. E. , Nierenberg A. A. , Sampson N. A. , Shear M. K. , Shillington A. C. , Stein M. B. , Thase M. E. , Wittchen H.-U.
Published: October 2012

Background

Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.

Method

Expert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.

Results

Stepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SCversusSCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ21 = 0.0–2.9,p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.

Conclusions

CIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.
THE DRAMA OF HARRISON BIRTWISTLE'S ‘THE TRIUMPH OF TIME’
Authors: Glover Martin Kier
Published: October 2012

Although The Triumph of Time is one of Birtwistle's most celebrated early pieces very little has been written about it to date. Probably the most comprehensive analytical review appeared in Michael Hall's 1984 biography Harrison Birtwistle. This was largely valuable for presenting, in the context of a well-informed account of the composer's early output, particular aspects of Birtwistle's intention. Others have added little, while some remarks made by the composer in various interviews have seemed so strangely contradictory that they can only be evaluated by an independent idea of how the structure works from the evidence of the score itself. The method of approach becomes a major aspect of the discussion and analysis presented. In considering the dramatic superstructure, the way detail fits into this, and the relationship with the eponymous Bruegel etching, the aim of the current article has been to consider the work ‘on its own terms’ as far as possible.
Alfredo Casella and the rhetoric of colonialism
Authors: Basini Laura
Published: October 2012

While the political impact of Italy's 1936 Ethiopian invasion has long been recognized, its cultural history has only recently come under scrutiny. This paper investigates one musical legacy of Mussolini's colonial project by means of a case study of Alfredo Casella'sIl deserto tentato(The Attempted Desert, 1937). Performed on the first anniversary of the Empire's founding and dedicated to ‘Mussolini, fondatore dell'Impero’, the work depicts the arrival of a group of Italian airmen in Ethiopia and their welcome by the indigenous peoples. I set the text against contemporary propaganda such as speeches, visual imagery and popular song, exploring tropes central to fascist imperialist rhetoric: virility, civiltà and aeronautical prowess. The opera's integration of historical musical references into a modern musical setting not only represents the theme of endowing the Ethiopian people with a history, in this case embodied by the Italian musical past, but also exemplifies a contemporary desire to make the past present in everyday fascist life. The historiography of Casella's work, what is more, characterized by the same ‘missing debate’ as the broader discussion of Italian colonialism, raises questions about the effects of Italy's ‘memory wars’ on accounts of twentieth-century Italian music history.
Remaking reality: Echoes, noise and modernist realism in Luigi Nono'sIntolleranza 1960
Authors: Boyd Harriet
Published: October 2012

After the premiere of Luigi Nono'sIntolleranza 1960at Venice's Teatro La Fenice in 1961, the critical press began a series of debates and redefinitions in response to what struck them most: how noisy the opera was. Although they agreed that Nono's work was unlikely to be popular with a broad public, many immediately recognized thatIntolleranzacould serve to recall the horrors of Fascism and the sounds of war – to offer, in other words, a warning call that history must not repeat itself. In a debate in the Communist newspaperL'Unità, the sonic hubbub was interpreted as a new kind of realism, formed in order to use memories of the Fascist regime as an allegory of contemporary oppression. The potency of the opera's noise was seen as in part due to Nono's incorporation of the auditory experiences of cinema and television, thus providing an insight into how traditionally elite genres such as theatre and opera could respond to the emergence and increasing hegemony of new mass entertainments. This article seeks to placeIntolleranzawithin these fraught and conflicting discourses on mid-twentieth-century Italian modernity, and show that postwar reconstruction was as much about a concern for the past as it was with a coming to terms with the present.
Rauchstopp bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Bühler Anneke , Thrul Johannes
Published: October 2012

Fragestellung: Die Zielgruppe der jungen Rauchenden bedarf besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das Wissen zum selbst-initiierten und professionell begleiteten Ausstieg aus dem Zigarettenkonsum in dieser Altersgruppe. Die leitende Frage ist: „Wann hört wer wie wieder auf zu rauchen?“ Methodik: Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und zusätzlicher Suchstrategien wurden 169 relevante Arbeiten identifiziert und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Beschrieben werden folgende Punkte: (a) die Verbreitung des Ausstiegs und ausstiegsrelevanter Variablen, (b) der Ausstiegsprozess anhand epidemiologischer und klinischer Untersuchungen, (c) distale und proximale Prädiktoren des Ausstiegsprozesses und des Rauchstopps sowie (d) Ansätze von internationalen und nationalen Rauchstopp-Interventionen und ihre Wirksamkeit und Inanspruchnahme. Schlussfolgerungen: Praxisimplikationen, die sich aus dem bisherigen Wissen ergeben, werden diskutiert: Es besteht ein Bedarf an effektiven Rauchstopp-Interventionen für junge Rauchende. Maßnahmen basierend auf Motivationsförderung und kognitiv-behavioralen Techniken sollten frühzeitig und insbesondere stark Rauchenden angeboten werden. Deutschsprachige Programme müssen in kontrollierten Studien auf ihre Wirksamkeit getestet werden.