bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Interactions With School Resource Officers Predict Students’ Likelihood of Being Disciplined and Feelings of Safety? Mixed-Methods Evidence From Two School Districts
Authors: Curran F. Chris , Viano Samantha , Kupchik Aaron , Fisher Benjamin W.
Published: February 2021

School resource officers (SROs) are common in schools, yet consequences of their presence are poorly understood. This study leveraged mixed-methods data from student surveys and group interviews across 25 schools to examine how the frequency of interactions and trust/comfort between students and SROs relate to disciplinary outcomes and feelings of safety. We found no evidence that, in this context, more frequent interactions or differing trust/comfort with SROs increased disciplinary consequences, perhaps because, as students report, SROs tended to not engage in formal discipline. We found that, although SROs were seen as increasing safety, interactions with SROs may have heightened students’ sense of danger, potentially mitigating any benefit to students’ overall feelings of safety. Implications for use of SROs are discussed.
Rigor as focus in policy development for standardising nurse to patient ratio
Authors: Gassas Roaa , Aboshaiqah Ahmad
Published: February 2021

This paper is a proposal for the nurse to patient ratio policymaking. Aiming to reach policymaker to step for the change in national rules and standardization of the policy on national levels.
Metric fisher and action informational string
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: February 2021

Action informational string
Does belief in free will influence biological motion perception?
Authors: Peng Wei , Cracco Emiel , Troje Nikolaus F. , Brass Marcel
Published: February 2021

Previous research suggests that belief in free will correlates positively with intention perception. However, whether belief in free will is also related to more basic social processes is unknown. Based on evidence that biological motion is an intention-carrier, we investigate if belief in free will and related two beliefs, namely belief in dualism and belief in determinism, are associated with biological motion perception. Signal Detection Theory (SDT) was used to measure participants’ ability to detect biological motion from scrambled background noise (d') and their response bias (c) in doing so. In two experiments, we found that belief in determinism and belief in dualism, but not belief in free will, were associated with the perception of biological motion. However, no causal relationship was found when experimentally manipulating free will-related beliefs. In general, our research suggests that basic social processes, like biological motion perception, can be predicted by high-level beliefs.
Does Functional Somatic Symptoms measurement differ across Sex and Age? Differential Item Functioning in Somatic Symptoms measured with the CIDI
Authors: Acevedo-Mesa Angélica , Monden Rei , Castro-Alvarez Sebastian , Rosmalen Judith , Roest Annelieke , Tendeiro Jorge
Published: February 2021

Functional Somatic Symptoms (FSS) are physical symptoms that cannot be attributed to underlying pathology. Their severity is often measured with sum-scores on questionnaires; however, this may not adequately reflect FSS severity in subgroups of patients. We aimed to identify the items of the somatization section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview that best discriminate FSS severity levels, and to assess their functioning in sex and age subgroups. We applied the Two Parameter Logistic Model to 19 items in a sample of 962 participants from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End Stage Disease study. Subsequently, we examined Differential Item Functioning (DIF). “Localized (muscle) weakness” was the most discriminative item of FSS severity. “Abdominal pain” consistently showed DIF by sex, with males reporting it at higher FSS severity. There was no consistent DIF by age, however, “joint pain” showed poor discrimination of FSS severity in older adults. Clinicians and researchers could give differential attention to these symptoms when assessing FSS.
Jual Obat Aborsi Banyumas Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Banyumas
Authors: baritotanjung
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Banyumas 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Bojonegoro Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Bojonegoro
Authors: gooklinik
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Bojonegoro 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Sorong Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Sorong
Authors: baritotanjung
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Sorong 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Jember Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Jember
Authors: gooklinik
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Jember 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Lamongan Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Lamongan
Authors: gooklinik
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Lamongan 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Boyolali Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Boyolali
Authors: kitaaberdua
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Boyolali 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Gresik Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Gresik
Authors: gooklinik
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Gresik 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Magetan Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Magetan
Authors: gooklinik
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Magetan 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Palembang Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Palembang
Authors: kitaaberdua
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Palembang 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Jakarta Selatan Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Jakarta Selatan
Authors: kitaaberdua
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Jakarta Selatan 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Asli 081333960089 Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Ampuh Dan Manjur
Authors: kotadolarr
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Cytotec 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Samarinda Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Samarinda
Authors: gooklinik
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Samarinda 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Jual Obat Aborsi Jayapura Wa 081333960089 Apotik Jual Cytotec Asli Di Jayapura
Authors: kitaaberdua
Published: February 2021

Obat Aborsi Jayapura 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Obat Telat Bulan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganAPOTIK : Kami Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Hub : 0813 3396 0089 | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec| Obat Penggugur Kandungan Cytotec | Obat Pelancar Haid Tuntas. Dengan harga yang bisa anda pilih sesuai usia kandungan anda. Obat yang kami jual ampuh dan tuntas untuk menunda kehamilan atau proses aborsi untuk usia kandungan 1– 6 BulanApa itu Aborsi ?“Abortion Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesterone, karena hormon ini di bendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak, sehingga mulai mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja (maksimal 1 jam sejak obat diminum) darah inilah yang kemudian menjadi pertanda bahwa pasien telah mengalami menstruasinya, sehingga secara otomatis kandungan di dalamnya telah hilang dengan sendirinya 100% berhasil…OBAT ABORSI AMPUH USIA 1-6 BULANObat Aborsi Cytotec | Jual Obat Aborsi | Obat Aborsi Ampuh| Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat Penggugur KandunganKAMI JUAL OBAT ABORSI MEMBERI GARANSI 100%.
Study of Ionospheric Variability During Super Substorms
Authors: Pandit D. , Chapagain N. P. , Adhikari B.
Published: February 2021

This paper study variability of three ionospheric parameters foF2, h′F and hmF2 to investigate the middle latitude ionospheric effect at Boulder, Colorado, USA (40°N, l105.0° W) during super substorms (SSSs) of 24 August 2005, and 7 September 2017 and 8 September 2017 respectively. Continuous wavelet transform (cwt) implemented to identify the low and high frequency and longer and shorter duration present in the signal. The result shows decrease in foF2 during SSSs of 24 August 2005 and 8 September 2017 and increase in foF2 during 7 September 2017. The highest fluctuation in h′F is noticed during SSS of 24 August 2005. The cwt shows that the coupling between solar wind and magnetosphere occurs between ~ 16 to 32 minutes for SSS of 24 August 2005 and between 27.9 to 64 minutes during super substorm of 7 and 8 September 2017 for all the ionospheric parameters respectively. This study leads to understand the impact of SSSs on communication signals due to energy injected in ionosphere during the coupling mechanism between magnetosphere-ionosphere.
Wavelet and Cross-Correlation Analysis of Relativistic Electron Flux with Sunspot Number, Solar Flux, and Solar Wind Parameters
Authors: Poudel P. , Parajuli N. , Gautam A. , Sapkota D. , Adhikari H. , Adhikari B. , Silwal A. , Gautam S. P. , Karki M. , Mishra R. K.
Published: February 2021

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) have been monitoring the Earth's radiation environment and is providing the electron flux data (of energy >0.8 MeV, >2 MeV, and >4 MeV) by means of a connected sensor subsystem. Relativistic electron flux is one of the components of the radiation belt which not only affects the electrical system in satellites but also has an impact on Earth’s upper atmospheric climatic variation. We have carried out a study to determine the relation of sunspot number (R), solar flux (F10.7), and solar wind parameters i.e., solar wind velocity (Vsw), plasma density Nsw), the southern component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-Bz), Plasma temperature (Tsw) with relativistic electron flux of energy >0.8 MeV, >2 MeV, and >4 MeV in outer radiation belt using the data of 24 years (1996-2020) covering solar cycle 23 and 24. Time series analysis, Cross-correlation and wavelet analysis techniques have been used in this study. The time series plot displayed that the radiation is occupied mostly by electron flux of energy less than 4 Mev and solar cycle 23 (1996-2008) was strong to produce more intensity of relativistic electron flux of all energy in comparison to cycle 24 (2008-2019). Results from cross-correlation analysis illustrated that Bz has no significant impact on the enhancement of relativistic electron flux of any energy range in the radiation belt. Whereas other studied parameters have a positive correlation with relativistic electron flux, but with significantly different coefficient values for different energy. We found that electron flux >0.8 MeV and >2 MeV has a strong positive association with sunspot number, solar flux, solar wind velocity, plasma density and temperature whereas weak correlation with electron flux of energy >4 MeV. This result leads us to conclude that solar activity and solar parameters have greater influence in producing relativistic electron flux of energy ~ 0.8-4 MeV, than of flux > 4 MeV. The study made to observe the distribution of relativistic electrons in radiation belt with time through continuous wavelet analysis showed that electron flux of energy >0.8 has a higher periodicity in comparison to the flux of other energy ranger.
The role of research tasks in teaching physics
Authors: Shuyushbayeva N.N. , Kozhabayev R.G. , Tanasheva N.K. , Altayeva G.S. , Stoev M.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study is to prove the relevance of research tasks in teaching physics on the example of the «black box». The ability to use basic formulas, to know the units of measure and their ability to influence logical and abstract thinking is improving students' knowledge during the Physics Olympiad. Algorithms and necessary instructions are used to calculate the tasks. The period of application of knowledge in practice has a leading place in the learning process because comprehensive activities of pupils in the execution of tasks are carried out through a great mental work. The Olympiad tasks allow to use creativity and thus expand thescope of their application. It is necessary to take into account that students cannot do without realistic mental activities on the basis of the analysis of the theoretical and practical skills required for the release of the Olympiad tasks. Solving the experimental tasks it is necessary to choose the theoretical proof, the method of its solution and evaluate the process of measurements, estimate the errors and analysis of received results.
Влияние легирования оловом, таллием и медью на квантовые подвижности дырок в монокристаллах теллурида сурьмы
Authors: Исмаилов Ж.Т. , Кульбачинский В.А.
Published: February 2021

В статье приведены результаты вычислений квантовой подвижности дырок μq из экспериментальных данных по эффекту Шубникова–де Гааза (ШдГ) при T = 4,2 K в монокристаллах Sb2–xSnxTe3 (x = 0,0;0,005; 0,0075; 0,01); Sb2–xTlxTe3 (x = 0,0; 0,005; 0,015; 0,05) и Sb2–xCuxTe3 (x = 0,0; 0,01; 0,03; 0,05; 0,07; 0,10), которые были синтезированы методом Бриджмена. Установлено, что Tl проявляет донорное поведение в Sb2Te3, в то время как Sn и Cu показывают акцепторное поведение. Квантовая подвижность дырок, вычисленная из эффекта ШдГ, уменьшается в два раза при легировании Sn, в легированных Tl образцах μq — в три раза и в легированных Cu образцах μq сокращается менее чем в три раза при максимальном содержании Cu x = 0,1. В то же время максимальное содержание Cu в 6 раз превышает содержание Sn и в 2 раза — Tl. Все измерения были проведены для ориентации магнитного поля вдоль оси С3. В этом случае для шестиэллипсоидной поверхности Ферми легких дырок все сечения эллипсоидов совпадают, и наблюдается только одна частота осцилляций.
The impact of non-vacuum electron beam treatment on the structure and properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Sagdoldina Zh.B. , Rakhadilov B.K. , Akatan К. , Kowalewski P. , Karabekova D.Zh.
Published: February 2021

The results of work on the impact of electron beam treatment on the structure, mechanical properties, microhardness, and thermal stability of ultra-high molecular polyethylene (PE-UHMW) are presented in this work. Electron beam processing was carried out on an industrial impulse accelerator ILU-10. The samples were irradiated with electrons with energies of 2.5 MeV, 3.5 MeV and 4.5 MeV, and the radiation dose varied from 2MGy to 9 MGy. It was determined by the method of differential scanning calorimetry that the melting temperature of the PE-UHMW polymer practically does not change for all samples, regardless of the radiation dose. After electron beam treatment, the morphology of the surfaces of the PE-UHMW polymer is significantly improved, spherulites are formed at the micro level, which indicate the displacement of polymer molecules under the influence of irradiation. It was revealed that during electron beam treatment oxidation occurs as a result of chemical reactions of the polyethylene chain with oxygen O2. Significant changes in the mechanical properties of the PE-UHMW polymer were not observed after electron beam treatment. However, a significant decrease in the elongation from 300 % to 10 % as a result of radiation aging was observed after electron beam treatment.The hardness of the PE-UHMW polymer varies slightly in the studied mode of electron beam processing.
Numerical modeling of thermomechanical processes in heat-resistant alloys
Authors: Kenzhegulov B. , Kultan Jaroslav , Alibiyev D.B. , Kazhikenova A.Sh.
Published: February 2021

This article presents a numerical simulation of thermomechanical processes in heat-resistant alloys. The authors develop the law of temperature distribution along the length of the physical body, which is considered as a rod of alloy EI-617. The authors also investigated the dependence of the magnitude of the elongation of the rod from a given temperature. To do this, the rod is conditionally divided into several elements, and then the study is carried out in one area. To determine the temperature dependence, the temperature distribution field is approximated by a full polynomial of the second degree, and approximation spline functions are introduced. Using a temperature gradient for one element, the functional expression characterizing the total thermal energy is written, first for the (n-1) element, then for the last n-th element. The total thermal energy is expressed by the formula . By minimizing the total thermal energy, we obtain a system of algebraic equations for determining the nodal values of temperatures. Applying the obtained values, the elongation of the element due to thermal expansion is calculated. The relationship between the temperature T, elongation  DlT , «tensile» force R , and «tensile stress» . is shown in the work. It is shown that with increasing temperature, the above values proportionally increase.
Research of resonance vibrations of the system «Telescopic screw — bulk medium» caused by torsional vibrations
Authors: Hud V. , Hevko I. , Lyashuk O. , Hevko O. , Sokol M. , Shust I.
Published: February 2021

The article outlines the relevance of using the principle of telescopy in the process of creation screw conveyors, which nowadays are folded to obtain significant lengths, which makes their designs expensive and structurally unreasonably complicated. It has been shown an experimental equipment, which provides measurement results of the research process in a wide range with high accuracy in an automated control mode with the necessary data capture. Based on the constructed mathematical model, the dependences of the angular perturbation velocity on the physicomechanical and geometric parameters of the «telescopic screw — bulk medium» system have been obtained. Because of analytical relations describing the laws of variation of characteristic parameters for its oscillation resonance case have been received. It has been proved that for resonant oscillations, when there are significant angular velocities of rotation, the natural frequency of the bending oscillations is smaller and at the same time the amplitude of the transition through the resonance is smaller. The results of the amplitude of the transverse oscillations of the system for different values of the angular velocity of rotation in time during the transition through the internal resonance, which largely depends on the physicomechanical and geometric characteristics of the motion of the medium, have been presented.
Electrophysical characteristics of nanodimensional cobalte-cuprate-manganite LaNa2CoCuMnO6 and nickelite-cuprate-manganite LaNa2NiCuMnO6
Authors: Kassenova Sh.B. , Sagintayeva Zh.I. , Kassenov B.K. , Kuanyshbekov E.E. , Bekturganov Zh.S. , Zeinidenov A.K.
Published: February 2021

The temperature dependences of the electric capacity, dielectric constant and electrical resistance of cobaltecuprate-manganite of lanthanum and sodium of LaNa2CoCuMnO6 and nickelite-cuprate-manganite of lanthanum and sodium of LaNa2NiCuMnO6 were investigated on the LCR-800 serial device (manufactured by Taiwan) at the operating frequencies of 1 kHz, 5 kHz, and 10 kHz in interval of 293–483 K through 10 K continuously in dry air. It was determined that LaNa2CoCuMnO6 in interval of 293–483 K shows the semiconductor conductivity. A band gap (D Е) is 0.54eV. The compound has the high values of the dielectric constant, which are equal 2.17×106 (1 kHz), 2.31×105 (5 kHz), 8.22×104 (10 kHz) at 293 K and 8.49×108 (5 kHz), 7.87×107 (10 kHz) at 483 K. LaNa2NiCuMnO6 in interval of 293–483 K demonstrates the semiconductor conductivity (D Е = 0.48 eV), at 433–443 K — the metallic conductivity and at 453–483 K — the semiconductor conductivity (D Е = 2.33 eV).The values of the dielectric constant are 4.97×103 (1 kHz), 9.2×102 (5 kHz), 5.1×101 (10 kHz) at 293 K and 1.02×106 (1 kHz), 1.98×105 (5 kHz) and 9.76×104 (10 kHz) at 483 K. The compounds can be classified as the narrow-band gap semiconductors and they are of interest for the semiconductor and microcapacitor technologies.
Mathematical model of capacitance micromechanical accelerometer in static and dynamic operating modes
Authors: Hraniak Valerii F. , Kukharchuk Vasyl V. , Kucheruk Volodymyr Y. , Katsyv Samoil Sh. , Karabekova D.Zh. , Khassenov A.K.
Published: February 2021

Monitoring and early diagnosis systems, on which the protection function of both hydroturbines and auxiliary power equipment rely, are becoming increasingly relevant. One of the most promising methods of technical control and diagnostics of hydo units is the analysis of their vibro-acoustic characteristics. But a significant technical problem that arises in the construction of such systems is the limited use of known sensors of vibration velocity and vibration displacement due to the fact that the rotary speed of hydro units is usually below the lower limit of operation of sensors of this type. One of the promising ways to solve this problem is using capacitive micromechanical accelerometers. However, the existing mathematical models describing this type of accelerometers have low accuracy, which limits their practical using. The mathematical models of the capacitive micromechanical accelerometer for static and dynamic modes of operation are developed in this article. It was established that this accelerometer has a constant sensitivity, therefore its static characteristic is linear. It is shown that in the dynamic mode of operation of a capacitive micromechanical accelerometer has a dynamic error component, the cause of which is its own displacement of the moving part of the sensor, which is due to the inertial properties of the moving part and elastic properties of stretch marks. The mathematical dependence of the absolute dynamic error of the capacitive micromechanical accelerometer is obtained, the removal of which from the measurement results will improve the accuracy of the specified primary measuring transducer.
Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu
Authors: Atta Malik Amer , Nawaz Qayyum , Ullah Hafiz Azmat
Published: February 2021

The Problem under study was the relationship of population composition with enrollment of children at primary level. The study was significant because we can make forecasting of educational plans keeping in view the relationship. All the Primary School of the District Bannu was included in the population for the study. The sample was 05 Urban Male School, 05 Urban Female School, 05 Rural Male School, and 05 Rural Female School. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Through this questionnaire data was collected regarding schools from 2013 to 2019 in different classes. The null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the population composition and enrollment was tested. The result shows that the correlation between the enrollment and the population growth is 0.98. It is high correlation which indicates the strong relationship between the number of enrollments of student and population
From Krönlein, through madness, to a useful modern surgery: the journey of the transorbital corridor to enter the neurosurgical armamentarium
Authors: Houlihan Lena Mary , Belykh Evgenii , Zhao Xiaochun , O’Sullivan Michael G. J. , Preul Mark C.
Published: February 2021

Transorbital surgery has gained recent notoriety because of its incorporation into endoscopic skull base surgery. The use of this surgical corridor has been pervasive throughout the 20th century. It has been utilized by multiple disciplines for both clinical and experimental purposes, although its historical origin is medically and ethically controversial. Hermann Knapp first introduced the orbital surgical technique in 1874, and Rudolf Krönlein introduced his procedure in 1889. Rivalry between Walter Dandy in neurosurgery and Raynold Berke in ophthalmology further influenced methods of tackling intracranial and intraorbital pathologies. In 1946, Walter Freeman revolutionized psychosurgery by completing seemingly successful transorbital leucotomies and promoting their minimally invasive and benign surgical characteristics. However, as Freeman’s legacy came into disrepute, so did the transorbital brain access corridor, again resulting in its stunted evolution. Microsurgery and endoscopy further influenced the use, or lack thereof, of the transorbital corridor in neurosurgical approaches. Historical analysis of present goals in modern skull base surgery echoes the principles established through an approach described almost 150 years ago: minimal invasion, minimal morbidity, and priority of patient satisfaction. The progression of the transorbital approach not only reflects psychosocial influences on medical therapy, as well as the competition of surgical pioneers for supremacy, but also describes the diversification of skull base techniques, the impact of microsurgical mastery on circumferential neurosurgical corridors, the influence of technology on modernizing skull base surgery, and the advancing trend of multidisciplinary surgical excellence.
Volumetric quantification of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage independently predicts hydrocephalus and seizures
Authors: Daou Badih J. , Khalsa Siri Sahib S. , Anand Sharath Kumar , Williamson Craig A. , Cutler Noah S. , Aaron Bryan L. , Srinivasan Sudharsan , Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Sheehan Kyle , Pandey Aditya S.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

Hydrocephalus and seizures greatly impact outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, reliable tools to predict these outcomes are lacking. The authors used a volumetric quantitative analysis tool to evaluate the association of total aSAH volume with the outcomes of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and seizures.

METHODS

Total hemorrhage volume following aneurysm rupture was retrospectively analyzed on presentation CT imaging using a custom semiautomated computer program developed in MATLAB that employs intensity-based k-means clustering to automatically separate blood voxels from other tissues. Volume data were added to a prospectively maintained aSAH database. The association of hemorrhage volume with shunted hydrocephalus and seizures was evaluated through logistic regression analysis and the diagnostic accuracy through analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

RESULTS

The study population comprised 288 consecutive patients with aSAH. The mean total hemorrhage volume was 74.9 ml. Thirty-eight patients (13.2%) developed seizures. The mean hemorrhage volume in patients who developed seizures was significantly higher than that in patients with no seizures (mean difference 17.3 ml, p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, larger hemorrhage volume on initial CT scan and hemorrhage volume > 50 ml (OR 2.81, p = 0.047, 95% CI 1.03–7.80) were predictive of seizures. Forty-eight patients (17%) developed shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. The mean hemorrhage volume in patients who developed shunt-dependent hydrocephalus was significantly higher than that in patients who did not (mean difference 17.2 ml, p = 0.006). Larger hemorrhage volume and hemorrhage volume > 50 ml (OR 2.45, p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.08–5.54) were predictive of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. Hemorrhage volume had adequate discrimination for the development of seizures (AUC 0.635) and shunted hydrocephalus (AUC 0.629).

CONCLUSIONS

Hemorrhage volume is an independent predictor of seizures and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients with aSAH. Further evaluation of aSAH quantitative volumetric analysis may complement existing scales used in clinical practice and assist in patient prognostication and management.
Utility of indocyanine green in the detection of radiologically silent hemangioblastomas: case report
Authors: Ryba Alice Senta , Sales-Llopis Juan , Wolfsberger Stefan , Laakso Aki , Daniel Roy Thomas , González-López Pablo
Published: February 2021

Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are rare, benign, hypervascularized tumors. Fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) can visualize tumor angioarchitecture. The authors report a case of multiple HBs involving two radiologically silent lesions only detected intraoperatively by ICG fluorescence. A 26-year-old woman presented with a cystic cerebellar mass on the tentorial surface of the left cerebellar hemisphere on MRI. A left paramedian suboccipital approach was performed to remove the mural nodule with the aid of ICG injection. The first injection, applied just prior to removing the nodule, highlighted the tumor and vessels. After resection, two new lesions, invisible on the preoperative MRI, surprisingly enhanced on fluorescent imaging 35 minutes after the ICG bolus. Both silent lesions were removed. Histological analysis of all three lesions revealed they were positive for HB. The main goal of this report is to hypothesize possible explanations about the mechanism that led to the behavior of the two silent lesions. Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was useful to understand the 3D angioarchitecture and HB flow patterns to perform a safe and complete resection in this case. Understanding the HB ultrastructure and pathophysiological mechanisms, in conjunction with the properties of ICG, may expand potential applications for their diagnosis and future treatments.
The rhinopharyngeal flap for reconstruction of lower clival and craniovertebral junction defects
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Zenonos Georgios A. , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the lower clivus and craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has been traditionally performed via resection of the nasopharyngeal soft tissues. Alternatively, an inferiorly based rhinopharyngeal (RP) flap (RPF) can be dissected to help reconstruct the postoperative defect and separate it from the oropharynx. To date, there is no evidence regarding the viability and potential clinical impact of the RPF. The aim of this study was to assess RPF viability and its impact on clinical outcome.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort of 60 patients who underwent EEA to the lower clivus and CVJ was studied. The RPF was used in 30 patients (RPF group), and the nasopharyngeal soft tissues were resected in 30 patients (control group).

RESULTS

Chordoma was the most common surgical indication in both groups (47% in the RPF group vs 63% in the control group, p = 0.313), followed by odontoid pannus (20% in the RPF group vs 10%, p = 0.313). The two groups did not significantly differ in terms of extent of tumor (p = 0.271), intraoperative CSF leak (p = 0.438), and skull base reconstruction techniques other than the RPF (nasoseptal flap, p = 0.301; fascia lata, p = 0.791; inlay graft, p = 0.793; and prophylactic lumbar drain, p = 0.781). Postoperative soft-tissue enhancement covering the lower clivus and CVJ observed on MRI was significantly higher in the RPF group (100% vs 26%, p < 0.001). The RPF group had a significantly lower rate of nasoseptal flap necrosis (3% vs 20%, p = 0.044) and surgical site infection (3% vs 27%, p = 0.026) while having similar rates of postoperative CSF leakage (17% in the RPF group vs 20%, p = 0.739) and meningitis (7% in the RPF group vs 17%, p = 0.424). Oropharyngeal bacterial flora dominated the infections in the control group but not those in the RPF group, suggesting that the RPF acted as a barrier between the nasopharynx and oropharynx.

CONCLUSIONS

The RPF provides viable vascularized tissue coverage to the lower clivus and CVJ. Its use was associated with decreased rates of nasoseptal flap necrosis and local infection, likely due to separation from the oropharynx.
Derivation and validation of a quantitative screening model for blunt cerebrovascular injury
Authors: Shibahashi Keita , Hoda Hidenori , Ishida Takuto , Motoshima Takayuki , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Hamabe Yuichi
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to derive and validate a new screening model using a nomogram that allows clinicians to quantify the risk of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI).

METHODS

In this study, the authors examined 258,935 patients from a prospectively collected nationwide Japanese database (January 2009–December 2018) who experienced blunt injury. Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 129,468) and validation (n = 129,467) cohorts. First, the authors investigated the prevalence of BCVI, which was defined as blunt injury to any intracranial vessel, the extracranial vertebral artery, the extracranial carotid (common, internal) artery, or the internal jugular vein. Then, a new arterial BCVI screening model using a nomogram was derived, based on multivariate logistic regression analysis through quantifying the association of potential predictive factors with BCVI in the training cohort. The model’s discriminatory ability was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the validation cohort.

RESULTS

Multivariate analysis in the training cohort showed that 13 factors were significantly associated with arterial BCVI and were included in our model. These factors were 1) male sex; 2) high-energy impact; 3) hypotension on hospital arrival; 4) Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9; 5) injury to the face; 6) injury to the neck; 7) injury to the spine; 8) skull base fracture; 9) cervical spine fracture or subluxation; and those with negative associations, i.e., 10) injury to the lower-extremity region; 11) supratentorial subdural hemorrhage; 12) lumbar spine fracture or subluxation; and 13) soft tissue injury of the face. In the validation cohort, the model had an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.81–0.86). When the definition of BCVI was narrowed to include only carotid (common, internal) and vertebral artery injuries, the AUC of the model in predicting these injuries was 0.89 (95% CI 0.87–0.91).

CONCLUSIONS

A new screening model that incorporates an easy-to-use nomogram to quantify the risk of BCVI and assist clinicians in identifying patients who warrant additional evaluation was established.