bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crack Propagation of Sirocco Fan
Authors: Sakaguchi Katsumi , Kubo Masakatsu
Published: May 2019

Macrofractographs of the fracture surface from a multibladed fan showed that cracks started at the corner where bending stress was concentrated and propagated through the blade by fatigue. Peak stress at the monitoring position was less than 10 MPa. To simulate crack growth, the rotor was repeatedly deformed by a hydraulic fatigue tester. Comparison of striations of the failed blade with that of the tested one revealed the failed blade was loaded with more than 30 MPa of stress. These tests confirmed that the rotor and blades had sufficient strength to withstand up to 3x the stress of normal operation. The casing of the fan was vibrated at 10 to 60 Hz. Peak stress easily overcame 30 MPa, which was enough to initiate cracking. The fracture surfaces and starting position were the same as those on the failed fan. It was concluded that the exciting force from an air compressor caused blade failure.
Powerline Tower Arm Failure Analysis
Authors: Reitz Wayne
Published: May 2019

Arms bolted to powerline towers were falling off two weeks after installation. Metallurgical and chemical analysis performed on the base metal, weld zone, and heat-affected zone showed acceptable quality material. Residual stress appeared to be responsible for the high failure rate. The sources of residual stress included welding, environment, and assembly operation.
Pitting Corrosion of Copper Pipes for Potable Water Delivery
Authors: Khan A.H.
Published: May 2019

Corrosion in potable and nonpotable water systems has been well documented in the past, and new research discusses innovations in water treatment and materials that are designed to enhance the quality of a water system, whether commercial or residential. This paper is a collection of five case histories on the failure of copper and steels as used in potable and non-potable water systems. The case histories cover a range of applications in which copper and steel products have been used. Copper and steel pipes are the two most commonly used materials in residential, commercial and industrial applications. The projects that are discussed cover these three important applications. The purpose of presenting this information is to allow the reader to gain an understanding of real life corrosion issues that affect plumbing materials, how they should have been addressed during the design of the water system, and how a water system should be maintained during service. We share this information in the hope that the reader will gain some limited knowledge of the problems that exist, and apply that knowledge in designing or using water systems in day-to day life.
Metallurgical Evaluation of Prestressed Wire Failures
Authors: McCowan C.N. , Siewert T.A.
Published: May 2019

Microstructure, corrosion, and fracture morphologies of prestressed steel wires that failed in service on concrete siphons at the Central Arizona Project (CAP) are discussed. The CAP conveys water for municipal, industrial, and agricultural use through a system of canals, tunnels, and siphons from Lake Havasu to just south of Tucson, AZ. Six siphons were made from prestressed concrete pipe units 6.4 m (21 ft) in diam and 7.7 m long, making them the largest circular precast structures ever built. The pipe was manufactured on site and consisted of a 495-mm thick concrete core, wrapped with ASTM A648 steel prestressing wire. All of the CAP failures evaluated were attributed to corrosion. Longitudinal splits reduced the service life of the pipe significantly by facilitating corrosion and introducing sharp cracks into the microstructure of the wire. A few failures were attributed to general corrosion, where the cross section of the wire is reduced until the strength of the wire is exceeded. Most of the failures evaluated were attributed to stress-corrosion cracking.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Premenstrual Sendrom ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Bakır Nazife , Balcı Yangın Hatice
Published: May 2019

Premenstrual
sendrom üreme çağındaki kadınlarla görülen problemlerden biridir. Bu çalışma,
üniversite öğrencilerinde premenstrual sendrom ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi
davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı, ilişki arayıcı
olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi’nde 677 kız öğrenci
ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri kişisel bilgi formu,
Premenstrual Sendrom Ölçeği, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II
kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzdelik, ortalama,
Chi-Square, Independent Samples t-test, Logistic regression analizi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamına alınan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması
20.27±1.60’dır. Öğrencilerin  yüzde
69.7’si eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim görmektedir. Katılımcıların menstruasyon
öyküsü özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde; öğrencilerin yüzde 73.3’ü menarş yaşı
13-15 yaş arasında olduğunu (ortalama menarş yaşı 13.32±1.19), ortalama
menstruasyon sıklığı 27.65±3.68,  yüzde 76.4’ü
menstruasyon süresi 5-7 gün arasında olduğu (ortalama menstruasyon süresi
5.86±1.38) ve yüzde 87.6’sı düzenli menstruasyon olduğunu, yüzde 81.4’ü de
dismenore yaşadığını ifade etmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %62’sinin
premenstrual sendrom yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin Premenstrual Sendrom
Ölçeği puan ortalaması 121.30±34.02, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II
puan ortalaması 123.50±18.63 olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada; dismenore
varlığı, yemeğin tadına bakmadan tuz kullanma, annenin premenstrual sendrom
yaşaması kız öğrencilerde premenstrual sendrom prevelansını etkileyen faktörler
olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II
manevi gelişim ve beslenme davranışları alt boyutlarının da premenstrual
sendrom prevelansını etkilediği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, üniversite
öğrencilerinde premenstrual sendrom prevelansının yüksek, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi
davranışlarının ise orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Premenstrual sendromla baş
etmek ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları geliştirmek için kadınların
adölesan çağdan itibaren ele alınması gerekmektedir.
PKM Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca dengan Giat Literasi dan Pojok Perpus Di SD Islam Ulil Albab Kecamatan Panarukan
Authors: Rofek Aenor
Published: May 2019

Kegiatan Literasi dan budaya baca masih tergolong rendah di kabupaten Situbondo, hal ini terlihat dari jumlah kunjungan yang masih sedikit setiap tahunnya di perpustakaan daerah  Kabupaten Situbondo dan juga jumlah buku referensi yang dimiliki masih tergolong kurang variatif. Adapun yang terjadi di sekolah mitra yaitu SD Islam Nuril Albab yang memiliki permasalahan kurangnya minat baca sehingga kemampuan membaca siswa masih kurang disebabkan oleh kegiatan literasi yang masih kurang diketahui. Adapun solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu sosialisasi Giat literasi diantaranya meliputi : Membuat kelompok baca, sehingga setiap minggu ada kegiatan membaca dan menulis secara bersama dalam kelompok, Adanya perpustakaan keliling, perpustakaan GO CLAS adalah solusi dimana ada kegiatan dari perpustakaan yang lebih mendekatkan diri pada sisiwa sehingga siswa tidak perlu repot-repot datang ke ruang perpustakaan, Membuat sarana membaca seperti POJOK PERPUS sebagai tempat bacaan bagi siswa.pada prosesnya kegiatan PKM ini meliputi tahap perencanaan dan tindakan. Dengan pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut dapat diperoleh gambaran bahwa kemampuan literasi anak-anak SD Islam Nuril Albab sudah cukup baik hal ini dapat dilihat dari segi kemampuan anak membaca yang sudah baik, tindak lanjut yang lain adalah komitmen sekolah terhadap kegiatan literasi yang akan dilakukan secara berkesinambungan di sekolah SD Islam Nuril Albab
État des lieux de la prise en charge de la douleur
Authors: Ricard-Hibon A. , Chareyron A.
Published: May 2019

Le concept d’oligoanalgésie en structure d’urgences reste une réalité en France comme dans de nombreux pays qui publient sur le sujet. Les motifs de cette oligoanalgésie sont multiples, le plus souvent liés à des contraintes organisationnelles plus que médicales. Les solutions existent, et la douleur aiguë persistante ne doit plus être une fatalité en structure d’urgences. L’analyse des raisons de l’oligoanalgésie avec des audits ciblés et la mise en place de protocoles thérapeutiques locaux sont des prérequis à l’amélioration de la prise en charge. Les nouveaux enjeux de la médecine d’urgence, liés à l’augmentation constante de la sollicitation, mais également en lien avec l’évolution des techniques médicales et des compétences des équipes médicales et soignantes, donnent de nouvelles perspectives pour améliorer la qualité–sécurité de la prise en charge de la douleur en structure d’urgences.
La prise en charge de la douleur aux urgences : indicateur de qualité et de performance aux urgences
Authors: Casalino E.
Published: May 2019

La qualité et la performance des services d'urgences sont des objectifs nationaux. La mise en place d'une stratégie d'amélioration continue de la qualité et de la performance nécessite de fédérer l'ensemble des équipes de soins autour d'un projet innovant. Les visites de certification sont un des outils que nous pouvons utiliser comme un levier pour mettre en place et améliorer la qualité. Un projet fédérateur nécessite de définir des valeurs partagées entre les équipes de soins. La lutte contre la douleur est une des valeurs fortes pour les équipes de soins, notamment aux urgences. Nous devons utiliser le projet de prise en charge de la douleur comme un moyen de revoir nos organisations, d'évaluer nos processus et de les simplifier, afin d'atteindre les objectifs définis par une cartographie des risques spécifiques. Nous présentons ici l'expérience de nos services d'urgences pour la prise en charge de la douleur d'origine traumatique, les méthodes suivies et les outils d'amélioration mis en place.
Retour d’expérience sur l’utilisation du méthoxyflurane aux urgences
Authors: Maignan M. , Termoz-Masson N. , Viglino D.
Published: May 2019

L’oligoanalgésie chez le patient traumatisé aux urgences est une situation fréquente du fait de la complexité de la prise en charge de la douleur. L’une des solutions les mieux décrites à ce problème est l’utilisation d’analgésiques dès l’admission du patient. Ce type de protocole est à privilégier notamment en cas de filière de prise en charge rapide au sein des urgences. Le méthoxyflurane est un éther halogéné volatil utilisé en médecine. Son inhalation produit une analgésie supérieure au placebo. Du fait de sa rapidité d’action, de sa facilité d’emploi et de ses propriétés antalgiques, le méthoxyflurane doit faire partie de l’arsenal des thérapeutiques antalgiques aux urgences. Aux urgences du CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, nous privilégions l’utilisation du méthoxyflurane au sein d’un protocole d’analgésie multimodale du patient adulte traumatisé. Dans cette indication, le méthoxyflurane permet d’amorcer l’analgésie et de faire le pont jusqu’à ce que les autres thérapeutiques soient efficaces.
Efficient and Secure Offline Transaction with Bit Coin Generation
Authors: Ananthi R. , Nandhakumar S.
Published: May 2019

Disaster is any event that is either occurred naturally or manmade which can create huge loss on people’s belonging or lives. Payment through mobile in a disaster field gives the advantage to provide electronic transactions for people buying recovery items like foodstuffs, garments and medicine. Existing system uses a new mobile payment method which makes use of infrastructure less mobile adhoc networks to permit transactions that permit customers to buy in disaster areas. However, few issues arise in this system while payment is in process. In this paper, proposed a method for secured transaction between a vendor and a customer using offline MANET concept. The customer and the vendor should register with the bank and gets authenticated separately. The protocol used in the proposed system works on two phases. (i) Pairing phase & (ii) Payment phase. At the completion of pairing phase, the vendor and the customer should share their public keys. This is done to improve message integrity & authenticity.
Improving Net Banking Security with Face Recognition Based Bio-Metric Verification
Authors: Manju V. , Madhumathi S.
Published: May 2019

Internet banking services must be more responsive towards security requirements. Now a days with the network world, the way for cybercrime is become easier for hacking purpose. Because of this reason, network security has become one of the biggest concerns of today security environment. While there is no doubt that Internet banking transaction must have layered safety towards protection threats, the vendors should technique protection issues as part of their provider services. And heard a lot about hackers and crackers ways to steal any logical password or pincode number character, crimes of ID cards or credit cards fraud or security breaches. In existing work, Identification can be processed to a username and is used to authorize access to a system. As usernames can be lost or stolen, it is necessary to validate that the intended user is really the person he or she claims to be – the authentication process. Biometric based totally authentication and identification structures are the new answers to deal with the issues of safety and privacy. The Face Recognition is the examine of physical or behavioral traits of individual used for the identification of individual. These biometric characteristics of a person include the various features like fingerprints, face, hand geometry, voice, and iris biometric device. Here implement real time secure authentication system using face biometrics for authorized the person for online banking system. The general objective of our project is to develop fully functional face recognition, verification system provide and understand the key aspects of these major technologies, social environmental system and performance aspects. And also provide multiparty access system to allow the multiple persons to access the same accounts by providing access privileges to original account holders. Experimental results show that the proposed system provide high level security in online transaction system than the existing traditional cryptography approach
Design and development of Portable Smart Medicine Dispenser
Authors: S Samhitha , N.K. Srinath
Published: May 2019

The consumption of prescribed medicine on time has become the most important requirement in day-to-day busy life. The adherence to the schedules of medicine dosage becomes critical with the problem or disease, which is being treated. Therefore, the importance of it varies from person to person. To overcome the problems of the adherence to medicine dosages, many products and designs of medicine dispenser have been proposed. In this paper, the prototype of Portable Smart Medicine Dispenser has been discussed, which overcomes the problems of many of the existing designs and provides the improved characteristics in it. Android has been used as the GUI for the system and NodeMCU ESP8266, a microcontroller with inbuilt Wi-Fi module, has been used. The Xcluma 28Ybj-48 Stepper motor is used to rotate the container of medicine. The history has also been setup, which shows the list of alarms, which have been successfully alerted and container is rotated. The medicine, if not taken within a specified time, the alert is sent to the caretaker in the form of notification of the Android App. Another improvement in this design is that the Firebase, which is a real-time and NOSQL database has been used, which helps in quick synchronization of the data from the Android app to Firebase and vice versa.
A data analysis on activist media from Rio de Janeiro favelas
Authors: Canavarro Marcela
Published: May 2019

We present a data-driven analyses of activist media produced by inhabitants of the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. The content was collected using their Facebook pages from 2015 to 2017 and was analyzed through computational and manual methods. The analyses reiterate and extend previous research, showing that the collectives are focused on the particular favela’s identity and the demand for rights mainly –but not only– linked to violence, police abuses and state racism. It also presents nontrivial process to look at data produced by media collectives on social networks, by analyzing their posts in an aggregated way through clustering techniques, rather than relying on a few popular posts that may or may not represent their main agenda.
Experimental Investigation on Mixing and Segregation Behavior of Oxygen Carrier and Biomass Particle in Fluidized Bed
Authors: Szücs Botond , Szentannai Pál
Published: May 2019

In this work, lab-scale cold fluidization equipment is designed and constructed to investigate the mixing and segregating phenomena of binary fluidized beds. The focus of the investigation is carbon reduction with the fluidized bed technology-based Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). Nowadays, aspiration to carbon reduction focuses on the solid fuels. Therefore, it is of great importance to integrate the benefits of CLC technology with the use of solid fuels. The measurements of fuel particles in the fluidized bed are extended from the homogeneous and spherical shape to the inhomogeneous, non-spherical shape. During the tests, an iron-based oxygen carrier (OC) for chemical looping combustors is examined with different particle sizes. In addition, the tests included the examination of three different fuel samples (crushed coal, agricultural pellet, and Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF)), which can be utilized in chemical looping combustion with In-situ gasification. The experiments are carried out using the bed-frozen method. With this method, the vertical concentration of active particles could be measured. The results show that the particle size of the oxygen carrier does fundamentally influence its vertical placement, and the non-spherical character of most alternative fuels must also be considered for optimal reactor design.
La planificación y competitividad turística ecuatoriana en el contexto del geoparque Imbabura.
Authors: Vasallo Villalonga Yoarnelys , Rhea González Bertha Soraya , La Serna Gómez Adelfa María
Published: May 2019

Ecuador es un país con amplia variedad de atractivos naturales y manifestaciones culturales. La presente investigación se enfocó a analizar la planificación y competitividad turística en el país, en el contexto del Geoarque Imbabura, declarado de interés prioritario por la Comisión Nacional Ecuatoriana de la UNESCO. Se indagó sobre los planes y programas de desarrollo turístico, direccionados desde la empresa pública e iniciativas de emprendimientos privados, y sus condiciones de calidad en la prestación de servicios turísticos. Se utilizaron métodos de investigación como el analítico-sintético y el histórico-lógico y técnicas como: observación directa, entrevistas y encuestas. Los resultados obtenidos sustentan una metodología de evaluación -de la calidad- a través de parámetros establecidos por el MINTUR y por proyectos comunitarios con características afines al área de estudio, a partir del cumplimiento de la normativa legal. Se realizó un estudio de mercado para conocer el perfil del cliente.
SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT MATA DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Putra Eka , Prayitno Budi , Asri Yessy , Dahroni Andi
Published: May 2019

Eye disease today is no longer a rare disease suffered by humans. Many symptoms encountered makes people become confused if the types of eye diseases from which they suffer. Type of eye disease that often affects people of Indonesia according to the Ministry of Health is conjunctivitis, Pterygium, Cataract and Glaucoma. It's no secret if in a meeting with the ophthalmologist will cost not less. Expert systems are computer-based systems that use knowledge, facts and reasoning techniques in solving problems that normally can only be solved by an expert in the field. Forward chaining inference engine used in this study to chronicling the symptoms are inconclusive, then the certainty factor method so that we can determine what percentage of the disease in the suffering of patients through the results of the count in the method. Application web-based expert system created to provide information to people with eye disease illness is entered in accordance with the symptoms.
KLASIFIKASI SENTIMENT ANALYSIS PADA KOMENTAR PESERTA DIKLAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR
Authors: Siregar Riki Ruli A. , Siregar Zuhdiyyah Ulfah , Arianto Rakhmat
Published: May 2019

The process of analyzing and classifying comment data done by reading and sorting one by one negative comments and classifying them one by one using Ms. Excel not effective if the data to be processed in large quantities. Therefore, this study aims to apply sentiment analysis on comment data using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. The comment data used is the comments of the participants of the training on Udiklat Jakarta filled by each participant who followed the training. Furthermore, the comment data is processed by pre-processing, weighting the word using Term Frequency-Invers Document Frequency, calculating the similarity level between the training data and test data with cosine similarity. The process of applying sentiment analysis is done to determine whether the comment is positive or negative. Furthermore, these comments will be classified into four categories, namely: instructors, materials, facilities and infrastructure. The results of this study resulted in a system that can classify comment data automatically with an accuracy of 94.23%
La construcción de la ciudad inclusiva desde la cultura. La igualdad de género como objetivo
Authors: Navas Carrillo Daniel , Ostos Prieto Javier , Pérez Cano María Teresa
Published: May 2019

Esta contribución propone introducir al debate un apunte sobre el rol que también puede jugar la cultura para lograr la igualdad de género y el empoderamiento de mujeres y niñas. Constituyendo el objetivo número cinco de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, su implementación constituye una herramienta transversal para el desarrollo del resto de objetivos y metas de la Agenda.
Patrimonio arqueológico y desarrollo local en La Rinconada (Sevilla)
Authors: García Fernández Francisco José , Achútegui Maribel Rodríguez
Published: May 2019

Se analiza la oportunidad que supone la Estrategia de Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible e Integrado (EDUSI) “Rinconada, Ciudad Única 2022” para implementar iniciativas que conviertan el patrimonio arqueol´ógico de la localidad en un motor de desarrollo. Se hace especial hincapié en el papel que viene desempeñando en este proceso el Museo Arqueológico y Paleontológico de La Rinconada, así como en las posibilidades que ofrece Cerro Macareno, yacimiento donde la Universidad de Sevilla está desarrollando un proyecto general de investigación en colaboración con el Ayuntamiento.
THE LONGITUDINAL STUDY RESULTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF MALE NORTHERNERS - PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT “MARS-500”
Authors: Solonin Iu G , Markov A L , Bojko E R
Published: May 2019

We studied physiological status and somatic health of 23 male volunteers (age 24-50 yrs) recruited as a "northern" control group for the experiment "Mars-500". The study was performed using standardized methods, established by the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems of the RAS, using hardware and software complex "Ecosan-2007". Repetitive experiments were carried out in 6 years. Collected data were processed using Biostat and Statistica statistical software. In the course of the study we found certain features in the physiological status and the somatic health of the participants related to their inhabitation in the North. We discovered that our volunteers had decreased somatic health levels according to the Apanasenko scale. Analyzing the heart rate variability in our subjects we observed tension in regulatory systems and a domination of the central regulation circuit over the autonomous circuit. Additionally our subjects showed a deterioration of the hemodynamics regulation under a physical load. After 6 years we observed statistically significant increases in the body mass, the heart rate after physical load, biological age, and significant decrease of the physical health, which indicate the accelerated ageing in the group of surveyed. A number of persons with premorbid status have increased, indicating the increased tension of the regulatory systems and the decrease in the adaptability potential.
VALIDATION OF NURSING OUTCOMES’ INDICATORS OF NURSING OUTCOMES CLASSIFICATION OF SELF-CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH STROKE
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Nurjannah Intansari
Published: May 2019

Background: Evaluation of nursing outcome based Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) is very important. However, there is dearth of information regarding its validation in Indonesian language.
Objective:  To validate four nursing outcomes’ indicators of the Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) for stroke patients with self-care deficit problems.
Methods: This was a descriptive quantitative study with cross sectional design. Outcomes indicators of self-care: bathing, dressing, eating, and toileting were developed for measuring its relevance, clarity, simplicity and ambiguity. Content validity index was used for analysis, which involved three nursing experts.
Results: Out of the 59 outcome indicators, 49 (83.05%) were considered as passing indicators and 10 (16.95%) were eliminated.
Conclusion: The passing indicators can be applied in caring for stroke patients. The NOC indicators can be implemented in clinical setting, particularly for stroke patient with self -are deficit problems.
Volkspoesie versus Kunstpoesie
Authors: Reiling Jesko
Published: May 2019

Die vorliegende Studie schließt eine Lücke der bisherigen 19.-Jahrhundert-Forschung. Sie erläutert, wie das poetologische Modell der Volks- und Kunstpoesie vom Sturm und Drang über die Romantik bis hin zum Realismus theoretisch gedeutet und praktisch gehandhabt wurde. Für viele Autoren und Kritiker des 19. Jahrhunderts hatte es grundlegende Bedeutung für die Vorstellungen von einer ‚guten‘ Dichtung und galt als Maßstab für die literarische Kommunikation innerhalb der modernen Gesellschaft. So wurde etwa die neue Gattung der Dorfgeschichte um die Jahrhundertmitte als moderne Natur- resp. Volkspoesie gefeiert. Scharf davon abgegrenzt wurde die negativ konnotierte Kunstpoesie, womit man verschiedene literarische Strömungen (wie z.B. Tendenzdichtungen) zu diskreditieren suchte. Auch in den Werken der großen Realisten Theodor Storm, Wilhelm Raabe und Gottfried Keller hat die Volkspoesie einen bedeutenden Stellenwert. Es wird eingehend analysiert, wie diese Autoren auf unterschiedliche Weisen auf volkspoetische Prätexte und Erzählweisen zurückgriffen.
Amelogenesis Imperfecta – Case Series and Management
Authors: Tyagi Rishi , Kalra Namita , Khatri Amit , Singh Harsh , Sharma Mayank , Sabherwal Puja
Published: May 2019

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) incorporates an assemblage of hereditary diseases that involve the defective formation or calciﬁcation of enamel. Also known by varied names such as Hereditary enamel dysplasia, Hereditary brown enamel, Hereditary brown opalescent teeth, this defect is entirely ectodermal, since mesodermal components are unaffected. AI is typically characterized by generalized enamel defects in both primary and permanent dentition. The AI trait can be transmitted by either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked modes of inheritance.AI has a marked impact on aesthetics, function and psychology of the patient. Early intervention and dental rehabilitation should be carried out with strong emphasis on the preventive care and strict follow up schedule.

Key words: Amelogenesis imperfecta, developmental anomaly, Dental Rehabilitation
Accurate 2-D Modelling of Transonic Compressor Cascade Aerodynamics
Authors: Piovesan Tommaso , Magrini Andrea , Benini Ernesto
Published: May 2019

Modern aeronautic fans are characterised by a transonic flow regime near the blade tip. Transonic cascades enable higher pressure ratios by a complex system of shockwaves arising across the blade passage, which has to be correctly reproduced in order to predict the performance and the operative range. In this paper, we present an accurate two-dimensional numerical modelling of the ARL-SL19 transonic compressor cascade. A large series of data from experimental tests in supersonic wind tunnel facilities has been used to validate a computational fluid dynamic model, in which the choice of turbulence closure resulted critical for an accurate reproduction of shockwave-boundary layer interaction. The model has been subsequently employed to carry out a parametric study in order to assess the influence of main flow variables (inlet Mach number, static pressure ratio) and geometric parameters (solidity) on the shockwave pattern and exit status. The main objectives of the present work are to perform a parametric study for investigating the effects of the abovementioned variables on the cascade performance, in terms of total-pressure loss coefficient, and on the shockwave pattern and to provide a quite large series of data useful for a preliminary design of a transonic compressor rotor section. After deriving the relation between inlet and exit quantities, peculiar to transonic compressors, exit Mach number, mean exit flow angle and total-pressure loss coefficient have been examined for a variety of boundary conditions and parametrically linked to inlet variables. Flow visualisation has been used to describe the shock-wave pattern as a function of the static pressure ratio. Finally, the influence of cascade solidity has been examined, showing a potential reduction of total-pressure loss coefficient by employing a higher solidity, due to a significant modification of shockwave system across the cascade.
Using Qualitative Methods to Explore Farrier-Related Barriers to Successful Farriery Interventions for Equine Welfare in India
Authors: Mohite Dinesh S , Sheikh Chand S , Singh Saurabh , Kalita Jogen , Williams Shereene , Compston Polly C
Published: May 2019

Farriery is a critical component of healthcare services for working equids. However, in India, an informal workforce, lack of structured training facilities and non-implementation of farriery regulations pose challenges for quality farriery. Brooke India, an equine welfare organisation, has undertaken many initiatives aiming to improve farriery services, including technical training and engagement with equid-owning communities. However, this has met with varying success. The study aimed to identify factors that prevent farriers providing quality farriery services. Focus-group discussions were conducted with farriers from two districts of Uttar Pradesh with varying programme outcomes. Within each area, farriers were grouped according to previous level of engagement with Brooke programmes. Demand for services, farrier status, the external environment and technical training and knowledge were identified as key elements that affected farriery work. These factors were very context specific: in areas where brick kilns provided the majority of customers, recent closures had resulted in an increase in those farriers’ feeling of insecurity. A systems approach to improving farriery services, taking these factors into account, is advised. Mentoring-based capacity building, which is closely aligned to farrier needs and expectations, is expected to have positive results in terms of technical skill and farrier engagement.
Grazing Preference of Dairy Cows and Pasture Productivity for Different Cultivars of Perennial Ryegrass under Contrasting Managements
Authors: Rivero M. Jordana , Balocchi Oscar L. , Neumann Fabián L. , Siebald Juan A.
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pasture performance of different cultivars of perennial ryegrass, two “high sugar” and two standard cultivars, under two contrasting agronomic managements (aimed at either decreasing or increasing water soluble carbohydrates concentration), and their effects on the grazing preference of dairy cows. Eight treatments arising from the factorial combination of four cultivars and two managements were randomly applied to 31-m2 plots in three blocks. Pasture dry matter production and growth rate were measured for one year. Three grazing assessments were performed to establish the grazing preferences of six dairy cows in spring, summer and autumn. High sugar cultivars produced less dry matter per hectare than the standard cultivars. Cows consumed more grass and harvested a greater proportion of the pasture under the agronomic management aimed at decreasing sugar concentration, i.e., with a greater nitrogen fertilization rate and under a more frequent defoliation regime, which could be explained by the greater crude protein concentration achieved under this management. The results suggest that the genetic selection for greater levels of sugars was at the expense of herbage yield, and that cows preferred to graze herbage with a greater crude protein level instead of a greater sugar concentration.
The Relationship between Air-Mass Trajectories and the Abundance of Dust-Borne Prokaryotes at the SE Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Rahav Eyal , Belkin Natalia , Paytan Adina , Herut Barak
Published: May 2019

Airborne prokaryotes are transported along with dust/aerosols, yet very little attention is given to their temporal variability above the oceans and the factors that govern their abundance. We analyzed the abundance of autotrophic (cyanobacteria) and heterotopic airborne microbes in 34 sampling events between 2015–2018 at a coastal site in the SE Mediterranean Sea. We show that airborne autotrophic (0.2–7.6 cells × 103 m−3) and heterotrophic (0.2–30.6 cells × 103 m−3) abundances were affected by the origin and air mass trajectory, and the concentration of dust/aerosols in the air, while seasonality was not coherent. The averaged ratio between heterotrophic and autotrophic prokaryotes in marine-dominated trajectories was ~1.7 ± 0.6, significantly lower than for terrestrial routes (6.8 ± 6.1). Airborne prokaryotic abundances were linearly and positively correlated to the concentrations of total aerosol, while negatively correlated with the aerosol’s anthropogenic fraction (using Pb/Al or Cu/Al ratios as proxies). While aerosols may play a major role in dispersing terrestrial and marine airborne microbes in the SE Mediterranean Sea, the mechanisms involved in the dispersal and diversity of airborne microorganisms remain to be studied and should include standardization in collection and analysis protocols.
Immobilized Luminescent Bacteria for the Detection of Mycotoxins under Discrete and Flow-Through Conditions
Authors: Senko Olga , Stepanov Nikolay , Maslova Olga , Akhundov Rashid , Ismailov Anvar , Efremenko Elena
Published: May 2019

A biosensitive element in the form of bacterial Photobacterium phosphoreum cells immobilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel was tested for the determination of different mycotoxins under discrete and flow-through analysis conditions. The immobilized bioluminescent cells made it possible to quantify the presence of Ochratoxin A, Sterigmatocystin, Zearalenone, and Deoxynivalenon in aqueous media in a wide range of their concentrations (0.017–56 mg/L, 0.010–33 mg/L, 0.009–14 mg/L, and 0.026–177 mg/L, respectively) via measuring the quenching of cell luminescence. The flow conditions allowed the analysis sensitivity to be improved by an order of magnitude in terms of detected concentrations. Using the immobilized luminescent bacterial cells, we have shown the possibility of evaluating the efficiency of the mycotoxins’ hydrolysis under the action of enzymes. In this way, a 94 ± 4.5% efficiency of Zearalenone hydrolysis with hexahistidine-containing organophosphorus hydrolase for 1h-long treatment of the mycotoxin solution (100 mg/L) was shown.
Joint Modulation of Facial Expression Processing by Contextual Congruency and Task Demands
Authors: Aguado Luis , Parkington Karisa , Dieguez-Risco Teresa , Hinojosa José , Itier Roxane
Published: May 2019

Faces showing expressions of happiness or anger were presented together with sentences that described happiness-inducing or anger-inducing situations. Two main variables were manipulated: (i) congruency between contexts and expressions (congruent/incongruent) and (ii) the task assigned to the participant, discriminating the emotion shown by the target face (emotion task) or judging whether the expression shown by the face was congruent or not with the context (congruency task). Behavioral and electrophysiological results (event-related potentials (ERP)) showed that processing facial expressions was jointly influenced by congruency and task demands. ERP results revealed task effects at frontal sites, with larger positive amplitudes between 250–450 ms in the congruency task, reflecting the higher cognitive effort required by this task. Effects of congruency appeared at latencies and locations corresponding to the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) components that have previously been found to be sensitive to emotion and affective congruency. The magnitude and spatial distribution of the congruency effects varied depending on the task and the target expression. These results are discussed in terms of the modulatory role of context on facial expression processing and the different mechanisms underlying the processing of expressions of positive and negative emotions.
Modulating PKCα Activity to Target Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Colon Cancer
Authors: Dupasquier Sébastien , Blache Philippe , Picque Lasorsa Laurence , Zhao Han , Abraham Jean-Daniel , Haigh Jody J. , Ychou Marc , Prévostel Corinne
Published: May 2019

Inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor Adenomatosis Polyposis Coli (APC), which are found in familial adenomatosis polyposis and in 80% of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC), result in constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and tumor development in the intestine. These mutations disconnect the Wnt/β-catenin pathway from its Wnt extracellular signal by inactivating the APC/GSK3-β/axin destruction complex of β-catenin. This results in sustained nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, followed by β-catenin-dependent co-transcriptional activation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Thus, mechanisms acting downstream of APC, such as those controlling β-catenin stability and/or co-transcriptional activity, are attractive targets for CRC treatment. Protein Kinase C-α (PKCα) phosphorylates the orphan receptor RORα that then inhibits β-catenin co-transcriptional activity. PKCα also phosphorylates β-catenin, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Here, using both in vitro (DLD-1 cells) and in vivo (C57BL/6J mice) PKCα knock-in models, we investigated whether enhancing PKCα function could be beneficial in CRC treatment. We found that PKCα is infrequently mutated in CRC samples, and that inducing PKCα function is not deleterious for the normal intestinal epithelium. Conversely, di-terpene ester-induced PKCα activity triggers CRC cell death. Together, these data indicate that PKCα is a relevant drug target for CRC treatment.
Arming T Cells with a gp100-Specific TCR and a CSPG4-Specific CAR Using Combined DNA- and RNA-Based Receptor Transfer
Authors: Simon Bianca , Harrer Dennis C. , Schuler-Thurner Beatrice , Schuler Gerold , Uslu Ugur
Published: May 2019

Tumor cells can develop immune escape mechanisms to bypass T cell recognition, e.g., antigen loss or downregulation of the antigen presenting machinery, which represents a major challenge in adoptive T cell therapy. To counteract these mechanisms, we transferred not only one, but two receptors into the same T cell to generate T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs). We generated these TETARs by lentiviral transduction of a gp100-specific T cell receptor (TCR) and subsequent electroporation of mRNA encoding a second-generation CSPG4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Following pilot experiments to optimize the combined DNA- and RNA-based receptor transfer, the functionality of TETARs was compared to T cells either transfected with the TCR only or the CAR only. After transfection, TETARs clearly expressed both introduced receptors on their cell surface. When stimulated with tumor cells expressing either one of the antigens or both, TETARs were able to secrete cytokines and showed cytotoxicity. The confirmation that two antigen-specific receptors can be functionally combined using two different methods to introduce each receptor into the same T cell opens new possibilities and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy. For further evaluation, the use of these TETARs in appropriate animal models will be the next step towards a potential clinical use in cancer patients.
NECTIN4 (PVRL4) as Putative Therapeutic Target for a Specific Subtype of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—An Integrative Multi-Omics Approach
Authors: Bekos Christine , Muqaku Besnik , Dekan Sabine , Horvat Reinhard , Polterauer Stephan , Gerner Christopher , Aust Stefanie , Pils Dietmar
Published: May 2019

In high grade serous ovarian cancer patients with peritoneal involvement and unfavorable outcome would benefit from targeted therapies. The aim of this study was to find a druggable target against peritoneal metastasis. We constructed a planar—scale free small world—co-association gene expression network and searched for clusters with hub-genes associated to peritoneal spread. Protein expression and impact was validated via immunohistochemistry and correlations of deregulated pathways with comprehensive omics data were used for biological interpretation. A cluster up-regulated in miliary tumors with NECTIN4 as hub-gene was identified and impact on survival validated. High Nectin 4 protein expression was associated with unfavorable survival and (i) reduced expression of HLA genes (mainly MHC I); (ii) with reduced expression of genes from chromosome 22q11/12; (iii) higher BCAM in ascites and in a high-scoring expression cluster; (iv) higher Kallikrein gene and protein expressions; and (v) substantial immunologic differences; locally and systemically; e.g., reduced CD14 positive cells and reduction of different natural killer cell populations. Each three cell lines with high (miliary) or low NECTIN4 expression (non-miliary) were identified. An anti-Nectin 4 antibody with a linked antineoplastic drug–already under clinical investigation–could be a candidate for a targeted therapy in patients with extensive peritoneal involvement.
Development of Titanium Dioxide-Supported Pd Catalysts for Ligand-Free Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Masuda Hayato , Park Kwihwan , Tachikawa Takumu , Ito Naoya , Ichikawa Tomohiro , Yoshimura Masatoshi , Takagi Yukio , Sawama Yoshinari , Ohya Yutaka , Sajiki Hironao
Published: May 2019

The catalyst activities of various heterogeneous palladium catalysts supported by anatase-, rutile- and brookite-type titanium oxide for ligand-free Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides were evaluated. Palladium acetate [Pd(OAc)2], supported on anatase-type titanium oxide (TiO2) via acetonitrile solution impregnation process without reduction [Pd/TiO2 (anatase-type)], demonstrated the highest catalyst activity in comparison to those of other titanium oxide (rutile- or brookite-type) supported Pd(OAc)2 without reduction and reduced Pd/TiO2 (anatase-type) [Pd(red)/TiO2 (anatase-type)]. Various aryl chloride and bromide derivatives were smoothly coupled with arylboronic acids including heteroarylboronic acids in the presence of 5–10 mol% Pd/TiO2 (anatase-type) without the addition of any ligands. Although the fresh Pd/TiO2 (anatase-type) catalyst was surprisingly comprised of ca. 1:2 mixture of palladium(II) and palladium(0) species according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in spite of no reduction process, significant further increment of palladium(0) species was observed during the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, and Pd/TiO2 (anatase-type) was converted into a catalyst, which contained palladium(0) species as the main component [ca. 1:5 mixture of palladium(II) and palladium(0) species]. Therefore, the reduction via the electron donation process to the palladium(II) species may have occurred during the reaction on anatase-type titanium oxide.
Icariin-Functionalized Coating on TiO2 Nanotubes Surface to Improve Osteoblast Activity In Vitro and Osteogenesis Ability In Vivo
Authors: Ma Aobo , Shang Haiyan , Song Yunjia , Chen Bo , You Yapeng , Han Wen , Zhang Xu , Zhang Wenyi , Li Ying , Li Changyi
Published: May 2019

Surface modification of titanium is encouraged to facilitate early osseointegration in dental and orthopedic fields. Icariin is the main active constituents of Herba Epimedii, which has good bone-promoting ability. We established an icariin-functionalized coating composed of icariin and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) on TiO2 nanotubes surface (NT-ICA-PLGA) to promote osteoblast cell activity and early osseointegration. Surface topography, wettability and drug release pattern of the established NT-ICA-PLGA surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle test and drug release test. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell activity tests were performed using SEM, immunofluorescent staining, cell counting kit-8 and alkaline phosphatase assays. The osteogenic effects of different surfaces were observed using a rat model. Surface characterization proved the successful fabrication of the icariin-functionalized coating on the TiO2 nanotube structure, with increased wettability. The NT-ICA-PLGA substrate showed sustained release of icariin until two weeks. Osteoblast cells grown on the NT-ICA-PLGA substrate displayed improved cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation ability than the control Ti surface. The in vivo experiment also revealed superior bone forming ability on the NT-ICA-PLGA surface, compared to the pure Ti control. These results imply that the developed NT-ICA-PLGA substrate has a promising future use as functionalized coating for implant surface modification.
S-Box on Subgroup of Galois Field
Authors: Shah Tariq , Qureshi Ayesha
Published: May 2019

In substitution–permutation network as a cryptosystem, substitution boxes play the role of the only nonlinear part. It would be easy for adversaries to compromise the security of the system without them. 8-bit S-boxes are the most used cryptographic components. So far, cryptographers were constructing 8-bit S-boxes used in cryptographic primitives by exhaustive search of permutations of order 256. However, now for cryptographic techniques with 8-bit S-boxes as confusion layers, researchers are trying to reduce the size of S-box by working with a small unit of data. The aim is to make the techniques compact, fast and elegant. The novelty of this research is the construction of S-box on the elements of the multiplicative subgroup of the Galois field instead of the entire Galois field. The sturdiness of the proposed S-box against algebraic attacks was hashed out by employing the renowned analyses, including balance, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, and approximation probabilities. Furthermore, the statistical strength of the S-box was tested by the majority logic criterion. The fallouts show that the S-box is appropriate for applications for secure data communications. The S-box was also used for watermarking of grayscale images with good outcomes.