bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disintegration of concrete construction induced by acid mine drainage attack
Authors: Ekolu S , Diop S , Azene F , Mkhize N
Published: April 2016

This paper presents findings from microanalytical investigation conducted on disintegrated concrete that had been used to construct a weir within a coal mine in South Africa. The concrete was in contact with polluted mine water, commonly referred to as acid mine drainage (AMD). Accordingly, the weir had been exposed to AMD decant which led to disintegration of concrete due to chemical attack. Investigations were conducted by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The field samples examined consisted of soft, broken concrete chunks and a whitish powdery substance that had crystallised and formed a surface coating on certain cracked locations on the deteriorated concrete. No evidence of pyrite oxidation was found in the investigation. The observed deterioration is discussed in relation to acid attack mechanism and its possible co-existence with external sulphate attack process.
Electricity generation as a beneficial post-closure land use option for a dormant tailings storage facility
Authors: van Eeden S , Jacobsz S , Rust M , Rust E
Published: April 2016

Dormant tailings storage facilities (TSFs) have negative effects on their surrounding environments and communities. This study is aimed at determining the financial and practical feasibility of generating energy from the ERGO TSF site, near Brakpan, Johannesburg, as a beneficial post-closure land use option. The beneficial post-closure options investigated were rainwater harvesting and electricity generation from wind power, photo voltaic solar power and a pump storage system constructed on the TSF. Wind power generation and rainwater harvesting from the site were found to be unviable. It was found that a 470 MW (peak capacity) solar photo voltaic plant on top of the ERGO TSF will provide the best solution, both from a practical and financial point of view, yielding a potential internal rate of return (IRR) of 10.7% over 50 years. A pump storage system yields a maximum IRR of 10.3%, but with a substantially smaller generation capacity of approximately 80 MW.
O USO DE ANTIINFLAMATÓRIOS ESTEROIDAIS E NÃO ESTERIODAIS NO CONTROLE DA DOR E DO EDEMA EM CIRURGIA DE TERCEIROS MOLARES
Authors: Fonseca Silva Ricardo Natã , Garcia Pereira Lúcia Coelho
Published: April 2016

Introdução: Terceiros molares são os últimos dentes a irromperem na cavidade oral, e em alguns casos sofrem agenesia, impacção ou permanecem inclusos. Durante a cirurgia de remoção, ocorrem injúrias aos tecidos orais, provocando sintomatologia dolorosa e edema. Para o combate destes, faz-se necessária a utilização de fármacos que controlam a inflamação, como os anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINES) e corticosteróides. Para se obter um melhor resultado, a combinação de AINES e anti-inflamatórios esteroidais pode ser utilizada em pacientes, tanto como medicação preemptiva, como pós-operatória. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão da literatura com o intuito de verificar quais classes de medicamentos apresentam melhores resultados pós-operatórios diante dos quadros de dor e edema em exodontias de terceiros molares. Materiais e métodos: Como técnica para a seleção dos trabalhos optou-se por incluir estudos presentes nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed publicados entre os anos de 2000 a 2014. Considerações Finais: O uso de corticostróides se faz de maneira preemptiva com o objetivo de reduzir o quadro de edema, enquanto os AINES tem maior utilização no pós-operatório, na tentativa de amenizar a sensação dolorosa.
SEARCHING FOR NEW FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE TRANSLATION TERMINATION IN YEASTSACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Authors: Moskalenko Svetlana Yevgenyevna , Murina Olga Anatolyevna , Askinazi Olga Leonidovna , Zhuravleva Galina Anatolyevna
Published: April 2016

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation termination factor eRF1 is encoded by the essential gene SUP45. Here we applied multicopy yeast library to identify a new factor which interacts with the release factor eRF1 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified EСM23 gene whose overexpression decreased viability of sup45 nonsense mutants. We also showed that ECM23 overexpression had antisuppressor effect but the level of eRF1 protein was the same as that in the wild-type cells. The mechanisms by which ECM23 influence viability of sup45 mutants are discussed
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CELL DIVISDION GENES AND ADJACENT GENES IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM PLEUROCAPSA SP. CALU 1126
Authors: Skopina Mariya Yuryevna , Chizhevskaya Elena Petrovna , Andronov Evgeny Evgenyevich , Pinevich Aleksandr Vasilyevich
Published: April 2016

For the first time for cyanobacteria of the “Pleurocapsa” group (Pleurocapsa sp. CALU 1126), nucleotide sequences of cell division gene ftsZ and adjacent genome sites were determined. The comparison of this locus indicates differences in phylogeny traced by separate genes
Study of population frequencies of genes polymorphism associated with preeclampsia-associated genes polymorphism
Authors: Glotov Andrey Sergeyevich , Vashukova Yelena Sergeyevna , Nasykhova Yuliya Almazovna , Glotov Oleg Sergeyevich , Mazur Aleksandr Mikhaylovich , Kurilov Roman Vladimirovich , Pekhov Vasiliy Mikhaylovich , Khrameyeva Yekaterina Yevgenyevna , Ivashchenko Tatyana Eduardovna , Baranov Vladislav Sergeyevich
Published: April 2016

Using high-density microarrays, we analyzed polymorphism of more than 1500 genetic markers associated with risk of a wide range of multifactorial diseases. Based on functional annotation of genes by bioinformatics resources DAVID and GFINDer we selected a group of 31 genes, whose products are associated with the risk of preeclampsia. Population frequencies of alleles and genotypes for the following genes: ACE, ADIPOQ, ADRB2, ADRB3, AGT, APOE, CRP, CTLA4, CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, EDNRA, ESR1, ESR2, F5, HLA-DQA1, HSPA1A, IL1A, IL1RN, IL6, IL6R, LEP, LEPR, LPL, MTHFR, NOS3, PON1, TAP2, TGFB1, TNFA, VEGFA were established. Comparative analysis between the Russian and Central European population groups revealed statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies for 6 genes: CYP2D6, CTLA4, AGT, NOS3, PON1, ADRB2. The data suggest similar basis of genetic risk of vascular diseases in pregnancy in Russian and European populations and may be used for other genetic and epidemiological studies
B-chromosomes and plasticity of the species
Authors: Borisov Yuriy Mikhaylovich
Published: April 2016

The examples of various members of the animal and plant species shows a possible role of population variability in the number and morphological types of B-chromosomes in plasticity of the species.
Аnalysis of the genetic variability of populations of land snail Сhondrula tridens Müll. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) RAPD and ISSR markers
Authors: Snegin Eduard Anatolyevich
Published: April 2016

Background. This article is about evolutionary processes in populations of small mobile species in the urbanized landscape. Materials and methods. Based of the polymerase chain reaction, using RAPD and ISSR DNA markers the genetic structure of populations of model species of terrestrial mollusks Сhondrula tridens Müll., living in Mid-Russian Upland, has been analyzed. Results. Interpretation of the obtained DNA-patterns is presented. Polymorphic and monomorphic amplicons are identified. The level of genetic variability of population is defined. The factors influencing formation population of gen pool of the given species in the conditions of the urbanized landscape are revealed. Conclusion. The structure of population’s distribution and the state population gene pools of Ch. tridens in the urbanized landscape were determined.
LIM-kinase 1 in regulation of cognitive and locomotor functions of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kaminskaya Alena Nikolayevna , Medvedeva Anna Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

Background: LIM-kinase 1 is the key enzyme of actin remodeling which is necessary for synaptic plasticity during learning and memory formation. Deletion of limk1 leads to the development of Williams syndrome, accompanied by cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction, which refers to cytoskeleton diseases – cofilinopatia. Cofilinopatias are characterized by the formation of cofilin-actin complexes in neurons that disrupt vesicular transport and identify the early stages of dementia. Conclusion: In the present article, we briefly reviewed data about role of LIMK1 function in communicative sound production during courtship behavior, learning acquisition and memory formation.
Reducing of LXRβ and PPARγ mRNA in M-CSF stimulated macrophages in patients with levels atherosclerosis
Authors: Demina Yekaterina Petrovna , Miroshnikova Valentina Vadimovna , Mayorov Nikolay Vladimirovich , Davydenko Vladimir Valentinovich , Schwarzman Alexander L`vovich
Published: April 2016

Nuclear receptors LXRα/β and PPARγ play an important role in lipid metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. However, the influence of LXRα/β and PPARγ mRNA levels in macrophages on atherosclerosis remains unexplored. Using real time PCR, we determined LXRα mRNA, LXRβ mRNA and PPARγ mRNA levels in macrophages cultured for 5 days with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Levels of LXRβ mRNA and PPARγ mRNA in patients with arterial stenosis were reduced when compared with the control group, p 0.001. LXRa gene mRNA level in macrophages was not changed in the study groups, (p = 0.17). Thus, our study shows that the LXRβ and PPARγ genes expression levels in macrophages may be significant factors associated with the development of atherosclerosis.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of siberian stone pine populations at the southern edge in lowland part of West Siberia
Authors: Petrova Yelena Aleksandrovna , Velisevich Svetlana Nikolayevna , Belokon Maryana Mikhaylovna , Belokon Yuriy Sergeevich , Politov Dmitriy Vladislavovich , Goroshkevich Sergey Nikolayevich
Published: April 2016

Background. Siberian Stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is one of the major forest-forming species at West Siberia. Climate change and anthropogenic impact lead to reduction of Siberian stone pine forests at the southern limit of distribution in lowland part of the species range. Materials and methods. Five Siberian Stone pine stands from the trailing edge in transit zone between southern taiga and forest-steppe in West Siberia were studied. Genotypes of 104 trees on 25 allozyme loci coding for 15 enzymes were determined using starch gel electrophoresis. Results. We evaluated genetic diversity, differentiation and population subdivision of Siberian Stone pine from the trailing edge in West Siberia. About 2 % of total genetic diversity was related with differences between populations (FST = 0,021). Conclusions. In our study at the southern limit of distribution in lowland part of Siberian Stone pine range there is no indication of genetic depauperation and increased differentiation in small isolated stands due to recent climate change and anthropogenic impact.
Ni hyperaccumulators among North Caucasian plant species of the tribe Alysseae, Brassicaceae
Authors: Terent'eva Larisa Yur'evna , Krapivskaya Elena Evgen'evna , Machs Eduard Modrisovich , Rodionov Aleksandr Vikent'evich
Published: April 2016

Background. Heavy metals are dangerous industrial pollutants. Phytoremediation technology is a promising way to detoxificate polluted territories. Heavy metals hyperaccumulating plants present the base for development of these technologies. Many hyperaccumulators belong to the family Brassicaceae (mostly to the Alysseae tribe). Results. Analysis of molecular phylogeny and distribution of hyperaccumulation ability within the tribe Alysseae has been performed using sequences of the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region. Neighbor-joining tree has been reconstructed to investigate affinity within Alysseae species. For the first time molecular characters (variable region of the ITS2 structures and compensatory nucleotide substitutions availability) have been used to analyze phylogenetic structure of the tribe. Conclusion. Most of the known hyperaccumulators among species of the Alysseae tribe belong to the Odontarrhena section. ITS2 primary and secondary structure analysis results in the partition of the tribe Alysseae into five clades.
Population genetic structure and influence of MSTN gene polymorphism on economic and biological characteristics of rabbits
Authors: Kopylov Kirill Vyacheslavovich , Kopylova Yekaterina Vyacheslavovna , Shelov Andrey Vladimirovich , Shevchenko Yevgeniy Anatolyevich , Berezovskiy Aleksey Vasilyevich
Published: April 2016

Genetic structure of a population of New Zealand White rabbits was studied using myostatin C34T gene polymorphism. Following allele frequencies of this gene were determined: C - 0.530 and T - 0.470. Using the linear mixed model we found a connection between rabbit genotype (a polymorphic variant of myostatin gene) and economically important traits such as average daily gain and differential adaptability to coccidiosis. Our data demonstrate that genotype, gender and season of birth had a statistically significant influence on the average daily weight gain (25 %, 6 %, and 7 %, respectively) but not on the carcass weight. It was found that heterozygous CT animals had a higher daily average gain than CC by 2.3 % and than TT homozygotes by 2,6 %. Analysis of genotype distribution in the second phenotypic trait, carcass weight, revealed that animals with the CT genotype had index higher by 35.3 than the average of the herd. We suggest that molecular genetic analysis of rabbits would make it possible to select «desirable» allelic variants of the myostatin gene in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis. This in turn would allow to complete the herd of the best animals to improve the economic and biological indicators in modern rabbit breeding industry.
Gene expression analysis of genes coding key enzymes of cadmium detoxification in garden pea symbiotic nodules
Authors: Kulaeva Olga Alekseyevna , Tsyganov Viktor Yevgenyevich
Published: April 2016

Background. Cadmium is one of the most wide-ranging and dangerous pollutants for all living organisms, including plants. Currently, the mechanisms of cadmium accumulation in plant tissues and plant tolerance to its toxic effect are intensively studied. Metal-binding ligands, such as glutathione and phytochelatins, are one of the most important components in cadmium homeostasis in plants. Materials and methods. The pea line SGE and mutant SGECdt differed by cadmium tolerance were used. Gene expression for γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSHS), homoglutathione synthetase (hGSHS) and phytochelatin synthase (PsPCS) was measured in pea nodules using realtime PCR. Results. GSH1 expression was slightly influenced by cadmium cloride. GSHS expression was upregulated in SGE and slightly downregulated in SGECdt. Cadmium cloride caused increased expression of hGSHS and PsPCS in both pea line SGE and the mutant SGECdt. Conclusion. Increased tolerance to cadmium of symbiotic nodules in the mutant SGECdt is not linked with expression pattern of analyzed genes.
Genetic structure of the continuous and ephemeral populations of the land snail Brephulopsis Cylindrica (Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Enidae)
Authors: Kramarenko Sergey Sergeyevich , Snegin Eduard Anatolyevich
Published: April 2016

Background. One may hypothesize that the land snail B. cylindrica distributed in small, isolated, ephemeral populations tends to decrease genetic polymorphism level (e. g., observed heterozygosity for allozyme loci). Thus, the present study aims at estimating the levels of allozyme polymorphism in the land snail B. cylindrica from continuously distributed populations and ephemeral ones. Materials and methods. In the Nikolaev urbanised areas 9 samples were taken and studied electrophoretically for four polymorphic allozyme system. In the Dubki, Neftebasa and Park Pobedy populations (continuously distributed populations - group N 1) the two localities, situated about 50 m apart, were sampled. While only single locality were investigated from the Kosmos, Morechodnaya and Mira populations (ephemeral populations - group N 2). Statistical analysis of electrophoretic data was performed with the program GenAIEx version 6.0. Results. In general, significant differences with respect to the level of genetic polymorphism between the continuous and ephemeral populations of the land snail B. cylindrical have not discovered on the basis of allozymes loci. However, when analyzing the distribution of multilocus allozyme genotypes in the populations studied, we have received fundamentally different results. In general, ephemeral populations differed from the continuous ones with respect to the frequency of studied multilocus allozyme genotypes although one populations has been disrupted this rule (Dubki-2). Conclusion. Based on these results it is concluded that small, isolated (including, urban) populations tend to reduce the level of genetic diversity, due to the manifestation of genetic and stochastic processes (genetic drift or founder effect). In addition, an important consequence of the latter there is a relatively high rate of unpredictable change genotypic profiles of such settlements, which leads to a significant increase in the level of genetic differentiation between them.
Root-specific expression of early auxin-regulated
Authors: Shishova Mariya Fedorovna , Pahler Martin , Stahl Frank , Scherer Guenther
Published: April 2016

At the variable environmental conditions plant growth and development are under the control of different factors triggered shifts in hormonal balance and followed changes in intensity of hormone-induced gene expression. Root-specific expression of early auxin-regulated genes, belonged to Aux/IAAs, SAURs, ARFs и GH3s gene families, was tested with specially designed chip. An auxin treatment (15, 30 and 60 min) led to increase of IAA1, IAA3, IAA5, IAA11, IAA19 and GH3-1, GH3-3, GH3-5 genes. Intensification of SAUR9 and SAUR10 genes expression was less significant and appeared only at 30 min.
Gene (CYP1A2, CYP2F1, NQO1, UGT2B7, CAT, GSTP1) - environment interactions analysis in occupational chronic bronchitis
Authors: Akhmadishina Leysan Zinurovna , Korytina Gulnaz Faritovna , Kochetova Olga Vladimirovna , Viktorova Tatyana Viktorovna
Published: April 2016

Background. Occupational chronic bronchitis is one of the common disease and both genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to its etiology. Materials and methods. A case-control study was conducted using 122 patients with occupational chronic bronchitis and 166 healthy workers to investigate the association of CYP1A2 (rs762551, rs35694136), CYP2F1 (rs11399890), NQO1 (rs1131341, rs1051740), UGT2B7 (rs7439366), CAT (rs1001179, rs769217), GSTP1 (rs1695, rs1138272) polymorphisms with the disease developing risk Analysis was performed to test for GxE interactions with exposures (smoking, PY, occupational experience) using logistic regression models. Results. It was shown CYP1A2 rs35694136 (P = 0.02, in over-dominant model), UGT2B7 rs7439366 (P = 0.002 in recessive model), CAT rs1001179 (P = 0.02, in dominant model) were significantly associated with high risk of occupational chronic bronchitis development. When ethnicity, smoking, PY, occupational experience were included in the logistic regression model, it was shown association with risk of disease development for rs1131341 NQO1 (Padj = 0.0004, ORadj = 3.57), rs7439366 UGT2B7 (Padj = 0.0024, ORadj = 2.31), rs35694136 CYP1A2 (Padj = 0.0041, ORadj = 2.17). Statistically significant interaction with smoking status was defined for rs7439366 UGT2B7 (Pinteract = 0.015, in over-dominant model) with PY-for rs11399890 CYP2F1 (Pinteract = 0.05 in additive model). Conclusion. Identifying GxE interaction will lead to better understanding of the development of occupational chronic bronchitis and potential biological mechanisms, and, in future, effective prevention strategies.
Cytogenetic analysis of residents of North Ossetia contacting with toxic factors
Authors: Chshiyeva Fatima Taymurazovna
Published: April 2016

Background. The use of cytogenetic assays in the surveillance of populations occupationally exposed to a variety of xenobiotics originates from the assumption that chromosomal alterations might be causally involved in early stages of carcinogenesis. Materials and methods. This study was designed to assess genotoxic damage in somatic cells of workers contacting with harmful factors after the accident in metallurgical plant. The study was conducted on 29 workers (with the mean age of 44 ± 2.5) performing various jobs with harmful factors. Control group was recruited from occupationally unexposed individuals and comprised 18 persons with the mean age of 30 ± 2.2 and inplant control was 5 employees from metallurgical plant (accountants) with the mean age of 32 ± 5.9. Chromosome aberration analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes, cultures were incubated for 48h. Results. Among the residents with occupational hazards, a statistically significant increase of the frequency of the cells with chromosome aberrations in comparison with the control group (5.2 ± 0.3 and 2.4 ± 0.3, respectively). The highest frequency of cells with structural abnormalities was observed among steel plant workers (6.3 ± 0.6). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that in peripheral blood lymphocytes of residents contacting with harmful factors may induce clastogenic effects, indicating a potential health risk in populations of workers. A high average frequency of metaphases with aberrations and characterization of quality spectrum of cytogenetically violations is an indication of adverse environmental conditions which have developed after the accident.
Population genetic structure of HLA-G gene in North-west Region of Russian Federation
Authors: Alenichev Arseniy Pavlovich , Nasykhova Yuliya Almazovna , Ivashchenko Tatyana Eduardovna , Baranov Vladislav Sergeyevich
Published: April 2016

Background. HLA-G is a non-classical MHC class Ib molecule predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblasts and under pathological conditions also in chronically inflamed and in malignant tissues. Polymorphic sites present in coding and non-coding regions of the HLA-G gene may potentially affect all of these biological features. Materials and methods: Using the PCR method we have studied polymorphism of HLA G gene (alleles G*0101-G0107, -725C/G , 3741del/ins14.) in 118 people aged from 20 till 40 years of the North-West Region of Russia (St. Petersburg). Results: To determine the common alleles of the HLA-G gene the system of allele-specific PCR primers was elaborated. We have determined HLA-G allele distribution in North-west Region of Russian Federation. The minor allele frequencies varied in wide ranges - from 0 % to 39 %. The genetic distances among the Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Danish, Indian, African Shona, Brazilian, Polish, German and North-west Region of Russian Federation were calculated. Conclusion: The evaluation of alleles rates in North-west of Russian Federation and in populations of other countries revealed the similarity in alleles G*0101-G0107 and polymorphism 3741del/ins14 distribution among the Danish, German and North-west Region populations.
Prediction of F1 progeny variation in tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) from parental divergence assessed by SSR markers
Authors: Shapturenko Marina Nikolayevna , Tarutina Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Mishin Leonid Aleksandrovich , Kubrak Svetlana Vladmimrovna , Kilchevskiy Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Khotyleva Lyubov Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

Background: Although the use of heterosis is one of the most significant achievements of agriculture, the genetic mechanisms of this phenomenon still remain unclear. Development of numerous molecular tools stimulated efforts to determine the prognostic criteria for selection of best parental combinations. In result of studying the relationship between heterosis in F1 and genetic divergence of the parents, the prospects of utilizing DNA markers have not been persuasively established due to inconsistent findings. Materials and methods: Molecular-genetic data have been used to predict heterosis in F1 hybrids of tomato. Estimates of the genetic dissimilarity of parents for all pair-wise combinations of testcross (4 × 6) were performed based on patterns of 11 SSR informative markers (PIC 0.28-0.85). The general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of line, mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and high-parent heterosis (HPH) of F1 were assessed. Relationship between GD, MPH and HPH were calculated by correlation analysis. Result: The level of total SSR divergence of the parental lines was significantly associated with heterosis and SCA (sij) for fruit weight and fruit number per plant. Notably, the highest values of MPH and HPH were obtained in the most divergent pair-wise combinations. Lowest negative values of heterosis were observed in the F1 progeny from the least divergent lines. But the main group of F1 progeny demonstrates wide variation of heterosis due to SSR GD have low prognostic potential. Conclusion: Estimation of GDs may be useful for predicting promising combinations, but has limitations, since only a part of F1 heterotic advantage may be explained by the genetic divergence of its parents. Probably for understanding and manipulating heterosis the genetic divergence must be dissected to select “positive” markers, i. e. those that allow identifying the part of heterogeneity associated with the expression of heterosis in F1.
Cytogenetic analysis of the residents of North Ossetia living in ecologically different regions
Authors: Chshiyeva Fatima Taymurazovna
Published: April 2016

Background. Cytogenetic biomarkers are the most frequently used end point in human biomonitoring studies and are used extensively to assess the impact of environmental, occupational and medical factors on genomic stability.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on blood samples from 55 residents living in ecologically different areas of North Ossetia: 47 adults with the mean age of 34 ± 3.2 and 8 children with the mean age of 14 ± 1.0. Chromosome aberration analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes, cultures were incubated for 48h.Results. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference between the frequencies of cells with chromosome aberrations among the residents living in ecologically different areas of North Ossetia. During the cytogenetic studies, three groups of residents living at different distances from the pollution source (a metallurgical enterprise) were examined, and significant variations of chromosomal aberrations frequencies have been found. In residents living up to 3 km from the enterprise the average frequency of chromosome aberrations was maximal (4.3 ± 0.5), while in residents from remote areas (more than 5 km) the frequency was 2.8 ± 0.3, р ≤ 0.003. Among the examined children frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were 4.1 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.5, respectively (р ≤ 0.04). Conclusion. A high average frequency of metaphases with aberrations is an indication of adverse environmental conditions which have developed after the accident. Increase of the proportion of chromosome type aberrations in the spectrum of cytogenetic damage among residents of North Ossetia allows to assume the presence of mutagenic effects of chemical as well as radiation nature. "Afobazol" has shown protective properties in donors blood of residents of the region affected by anthropogenic press.
Association of GSTM1 (del),GSTP1 (Ile105Val) genetic polymorphisms and smoking in the family with congenital malformations
Authors: Shatalina Irina Viktorovna , Gareeva Yuliya Valerievna , Gordeeva Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Voronina Elena Nikolaevna , Sutulina Irina Mikhaylovna , Filipenko Maksim Leonidovich
Published: April 2016

Background. The association of GSTM1 (del) and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) polymorphisms with congenital malformations (CMs) actively studied. However, the results of various studies are conflicting. This study aims to investigate the association of GSTM1 (del), GSTP1 (Ile105Val) genetic polymorphisms and smoking in the family with congenital malformations in the newborn. Method. We studied 94 newborn with CMs and 125 healthy newborn. Null genotype of GSTM1 was identified through multiplex real-time PCR, and GSTP1 gene (Ile105Val) polymorphism was determined through TaqMan-real-time PCR. Results. The study showed that polymorphic loci of GSTM1 (del) and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) genes were not associated with the risk of congenital malformations in the newborn (P = 0,46 and P = 0,47). When comparing the frequencies of genotypes the GSTP1 (Ile105Val) gene in newborn with CMs in the families of smokers with those of healthy newborn in non-smoking families statistically significant differences between them were found (P = 0,02). The genotype Ile/Val in children was associated with CMs (ORg + f = 2,59; 95 % CI: 1,05- 6,35), while the homozygous genotype Ile/Ile in newborn was associated with a protective effect to CMs (ORg + f = 0,30; 95 % CI: 0,12-0,72). Possibly, the association of the homozygous genotype Val/Val did not reach statistical significance due to a small number of children surveyed. Conclusion. The smoking in the family increases the risk of CMs in the newborn with genotypes of GSTP1 gene (Ile105Val) polymorphism.
I walked in the editorial office and in galoshes... (or how not to write scientific articles)
Authors: Dayev Evgeniy Vladislavovich
Published: April 2016

Several typical cases of improper use of scientific term shave been reviewed. The problem of the proper use of language in scientific articles by researchers has been discussed for better understanding the author’s ideas, the significance of their findings and the adequacy of their interpretation.
Naturally transgenic plants as a model for the study of delayed environmental risks of cultivation of GMOs
Authors: Matveeva Tat’yana Valer’yevna
Published: April 2016

The development of genetic engineering raises the question of biosafety of transgenic organisms. The greatest concerns about the negative effects of GMO cultivation are reduced to possible leakage of transgenes through cross-pollination of non-transgenic closely related forms by transgenic pollen. Naturally transgenic plants are species which have been subjected to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and retained the T-DNA-like sequence in their genomes. These species can be considered as a model for the study of delayed environmental risks associated with leakage of transgenes. The review is devoted to this problem.
The study of genetically modified soybeans mutagenic effects in drosophila and mouse
Authors: Barabanova Larisa Vladimirovna , Kovtun Ekaterina Valer’yevna
Published: April 2016

The use of genetically modified soybeans (GM) as a food substrate during Drosophila reproduction, as well as the addition of GM-soybeans in the standard mice meal showed no mutagenic effect on criteria recessive sex-linked lethal mutations (RSPLM) and dominant mutations (DM) in Drosophila and abnormal sperm in mice.
The association between no-synthases gene polymorphisms and post-traumatic knee ostearthritis development among Rostov region residents
Authors: Vnukov Valeriy Valentinovich , Krolevets Igor’ Vladimirovich , Panina Svetlana Borisovna , Milyutina Natal’ya Petrovna , Ananyan Anzhelika Arshakovna , Plotnikov Andrey Aleksandrovich , Zabrodin Mikhail Alekseevich
Published: April 2016

Background. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease. The risk factors for the development of knee OA are joint trauma and genetic predisposition. The aim of the present work was to study the associations between gene polymorphisms -84G A nNOS and -786T C eNOS and the risk of post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) development among Rostov region residents and to define the interactions between these polymorphisms and nitrite level in the plasma and synovial fluid (SF) and chondrocyte apoptosis in patients with PTOA. Materials and Methods. Case-control study involved 117 post-traumatic knee OA patients and 94 healthy controls. The nNOS and eNOS polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction. The nitrite concentrations in the plasma and synovial fluid were defined using Griess reaction. Chondrocyte apoptosis in cartilage sections was assessed morphologically by electron microscopy. Results. The G-84A nNOS genotype showed statistical differences between groups. The A allele is associated with PTOA development (OR 2,02, CI 1,08-3,76, p = 0,02). The eNOS genotype did not show statistical difference between groups. The NOx- concentration was higher both in plasma (p = 0,022) and synovial fluid (p = 0,014) of PTOA patients compared with plasma of healthy subjects. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the nitrite level in the SF is linked with -786T C NOS3 genotype; the -786С allele leaded to the decreasing in NOx- concentration. The electron microscopy confirmed the presence of early and late apoptotic chondrocytes in PTOA cartilage tissue. Conclusion. The G-84A nNOS polymorphism may be associated with PTOA development and chondrocyte apoptosis intensification. The -786С allele of -786T C NOS3 is associated with reduced NOx- concentration in the synovial fluid.
The evaluation of genetic material stability of male patients with paranoid schizophrenia at different stages of treatment using the micronucleus test in buccal epithelium
Authors: Kalaev Vladislav Nikolaevich , Skamrova Galina Borisovna , Ignatova Irina Viktorovna
Published: April 2016

Background. It has been studied the genome stability of male patients with paranoid schizophrenia at different stages of treatment by means of micronucleus test in buccal epithelium. Materials and methods. Buccal epithelium of the oral mucosa was collected from 20 male patients in age 20-40 years with paranoid schizophrenia at the beginning, middle and end of treatment; 10 healthy male volunteers aged 20-40 years were in the control group. Patients were treated with drugs: amitriptyline (Amitriptylinum), haloperidol (Haloperidolum), neuleptil (Periciazinum), azaleptin (Clozapinum), finlepsin (Carbamazepinum). Cells with micronuclei, protrusions “language” and “broken egg”, notches perinuclear vacuoles were conducted by means of light microscopy method. Statistical data processing was performed using software package «Stadia». Results. It has been shown that the disease influences on the stability of human genetic apparatus. It has been detected the decreasing of occurrence frequency of micronuclei, central circular notches, protrusions “broken egg”, the increasing of frequency of cells with karyorhexis, and nonlinear changing of occurrence frequency of binuclear cells, cells with karyolysis, protrusions “language” and perinuclear vacuoles during the treatment. The fraction of cells with micronuclei, binuclear cells, cells with central circular notches, protrusions “broken egg” decreased as a result of treatment. The fraction of cells with perinuclear vacuoles increased during the treatment. Patients with schizophrenia were divided into 3 groups with different responses to treatment. Conclusion. Stability of the genome of patients with schizophrenia increased due to expressed anti-stress action of drugs used for combined therapy.
Manifestations of resistance to acaricides in inbred lines of two-spotted spider mite in the process of disruptive selection
Authors: Sundukov Oleg Veniaminovich , Tulaeva Irina Anatolievna , Zubanov Evgeniy Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2016

Background: Information about genetic and biochemical mechanisms of arthropods resistance to pesticide obtained with resistant and susceptible genotypes is more correct than that of population-based samples. Materials and methods: The disruptively selection of two-spotted spider mites was carried out on the basis of the presence or absence of resistance to four acaricides - dimethoate, bifenthrin, abamectin and bromopropylate. A possible resistance mechanisms of mite to abamectin and bromopropylate was detected when testing the diagnostic` concentrations of acaricides which toxic action is known. Synergetic effect of resistant genotypes treated with monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was studied. Carboxylesterase isoenzymes were determined with use of poliacrylamide gel electrophoresis in individual genotypes of spider mite. Results: Statistical analysis of genotypes selection results demonstrated 30 % of females with no traits of resistance to the toxicant in all resistant lines of each generation. The reason this is arrhenotokous reproduction spider mites and dominant status of alleles determining the traits of resistance. Abamectin and bromopropylate resistant mites were synergized by PBO. Resistance was positively correlated with increased carboxylesterase activity in resistant genotypes. Conclusion: Reduced sensitivity to pesticides in resistant arthropods was found in alteration recordings sensory receptivity and through elevated levels of carboxylesterase and monooxygenase activity. This is universal adaptive response of the arthropods organism to intoxication by any pesticides.
Cytogenetic status in coal-miners with occupational pulmonary diseases and influence the polymorphisms of XpD and XpG genes
Authors: Volobaev Valentin Pavlovich , Sinitskiy Maksim Yur'yevich , Kulemin Yuriy Evgen'yevich
Published: April 2016

Background. Coal-miners are exposed by various harmful factors (chemical agents, ionizing radiation, heavy metals, coal dust). Occupational pulmonary diseases may affect to the level of genotoxic damages. Materials and methods. Venous blood samples extracted from 90 coal-miners with various occupational pulmonary diseases and 26 healthy coal-miners (control 1). Blood samples obtained from 124 non-exposed men were used as the control 2. Assessment of cytogenetic damages was performed usingthe analysis of chromosome aberrations. PCR and gel electrophoresis were used to determine polymorphismsin the genes XpD(rs13181) and XpG(rs17655). Results. We found a significant increase in the frequency of the chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations in coal-miners and the increase of the chromosomal interchange in miners with occupational pulmonary diseases. The modify effects of polymorphismsin the XpD and XpG genes to the level of chromosome aberrations were discovered. Conclusions. It was shown that the XpD and XpG genes can be used as potential molecular geneticmarkers of increased individual risk of occupational pulmonary diseases.
Genotoxic effect of fipronil on somatic and germ cells of mice
Authors: Lovinskaya Anna Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

Background. It is known that many pesticides can act as mutagens by causing cytotoxic and negative genetic effects. Fipronil is insecticide, which widely used marketed under the trade names Adonis and Regent for locust control in Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. It studied mouse cells of internal organs (liver, lungs, spleen, testes) using the Comet assay and synaptonemal complex analysis in spermatocytes using immunocytochemistry methods. Results. It has been found that fipronil damages DNA in cells of the lung, spleen and liver intoxicated animals. Fipronil has a negative effect on the germ cells of mice, causing damage to synaptonemal complex structure of spermatocytes. Conclusion. The studies have shown that fipronil has genotoxotic effect.
Genetic diversity comparative evaluation of Pinus Sylvestris L. and Picea x Fennica (regel) kom. native populations and clonal seed orchards in russian Karelia
Authors: Ilinov Aleksey Alekseevich , Raevsky Boris Vladimirovich
Published: April 2016

Genetic diversity levels in 4 native populations of Finnish spruce and Scots pine each and 2 fields of conifer seed orchard growing in Karelia have been investigated using microsatellite loci. As a result high levels of basic genetic diversity parameters have been revealed for native populations of both species. It was found that expected heterozygosity figers calculated for the populations investigated were higher than the observed ones. This case thereby indicates a deficit of heterozygotes in the Karelian pine and spruce populations. Genetic diversity figures found for spruce seed orchard were much lower than for native populations of Picea x fennica. This fact, in our opinion, reflects the unsufficent representation of genetic pool both within the seed orchard field investigated and in spruce plus trees' breeding population on the whole. Scots pine seed orchard has been characterised by a high level of genetic diversity matched to native populations one.
Assessment of morphometric indexes in the second generation of Scots pine trees in the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Authors: Makarenko Ekaterina Sergeevna , Oudalova Alla Alexandrovna
Published: April 2016

Background. A series of morphometric indexes was studied in Scots pine trees, which are the second generation of trees severely exposed at the Chernobyl accident in doses of 4-5, 10-20 and 80-100 Gy. Materials and methods. Variability of length and mass of needles, curvature of sprouts, tree height and trunk circumference were studied in 2011-2014. Results. Needle gigantism, one of the typical radiomorphoses, was observed in 2012 and 2013 in all groups of trees. Curved sprouts were discovered more often in a reference group. Tree height and trunk circumference in groups of 4-5 and 10-20 Gy were significantly higher than in the reference group. Conclusion. The trees of the second generation of severely exposed pines can be characterized with needle gigantism and stimulation of growth processes (circumference of the trunk, height of the tree) at doses of 4-5 Gy and 10-20 Gy.
Molecular genetic analysis of the spread of resistance to organophosphate insecticides and pyrethroids in populations of the Colorado potato beetle in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Syrtlanova Liana Akhnafovna , Kitaev Konstantin Albertovich
Published: April 2016

Background. We analyzed the spread of mutations in the gene ache - acetylcholinesterase responsible for resistance to the organophosphate insecticides, and in the gene ldvssc1 - electron-sensitive sodium channel, providing kdr-like resistance to pyrethroids in different regions of Republic of Bashkortostan. Materials and methods. Each group included 30-50 overwintered beetles. DNA from beetles was isolated by phenol-chloroform method. Amplification and analysis of genes ache and ldvssc1 were held by bi-PASA (bi-directional PCR amplification of specific allele) according to (Clark et al., 2001). Evaluation of susceptibility to the set of insecticides from classes of POI (aktellik), pyrethroids (decis) was carried out by topical infliction of ethanol solutions of insecticides (1 ml per individual) on the thorax of adults. Diagnostic concentrations of insecticides corresponding with this manner of treatment were determined in the preliminary experiments. Results. In the localities included in the group of southern and eastern regions, frequency distributions coincided. North-western and central group showed excess of phenotypes resistant to organophosphate insecticides compared with a share of genotypes carrying the mutant allele achе, and reducing the incidence of phenotypes resistant to pyrethroids, compared with the frequency of genotypes carrying the mutant allele ldvssc1. Conclusion. The interpretation of these results implies a significant contribution of some unknown component causing the increased level of non-specific resistance to organophosphate insecticides that can be associated with metabolic stability and also with structure and density of the beetle integuments. It should be noted that individuals carrying the mutant allele, providing resistance to pyrethroids, apparently did not have high adaptability, which may be the reason for this discrepancy in the frequencies of occurrence. Polymorphism and mutations in genes controlling metabolism (in particular, a family of genes of cytochrome P 450) should be studied to elucidate the genetic basis of Colorado potato beetle resistance in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The role of XRCC1, XRCC3 and PALB2 genes in the genesis of breast cancer
Authors: Kipen Viachaslau Nikolaevich , Melnov Sergey Borisovich , Smolyakova Raisa Mikhaylovna
Published: April 2016

Background: this study describes the contribution of XRCC1, XRCC3 and PALB2 genes in the genesis of sporadic forms of breast cancer in Belarus patients. Materials and Methods: this study included 169 patients with sporadic breast cancer and 185 healthy patients. The molecular genetic analysis was performed by RFLP and PAGE electrophoresis. Results: in this study we identified genotypes of high risk breast cancer patient’s for PALB2, XRCC1 and XRCC3 genes. We also discovered a statistically significant associations between the GG genotype for p.Q399R (XRCC1) and tumor grade, and between TT genotype for XRCC3 gene and the presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes. The patients with TT genotype (p.T241M, XRCC3) showed the fivefold increase in the risk of local breast cancer recurrence. Conclusion: For the first time it was determined the prevalence of polymorphic variants of the DNA repair genes: p.Q399R (XRCC1), p.T241M (XRCC3), p.T1100T (PALB2) and p.Q559P (PALB2) for Belarus patients with the breast cancer. Analysis of SNPs in the DNA repair key genes may have clinical and prognostic significance during the formation of high risk patient’s groups developing the breast cancer.
Increasing innovativeness of SMEs in peripheral areas through international networks? The case of Southern Italy
Authors: Calignano Giuseppe , Hassink Robert
Published: April 2016

Strengthening innovation capacity of European small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by means of their participation in the Sixth (FP6-SME) and Seventh (FP7-SME) Framework Programmes was an important objective of the European Union policies. Since SMEs form the backbone of the Italian economy, their strong presence in an international network such as the one fostered by the European Union represent a great opportunity, particularly for firms located in southern Italy – the marginal macro-area of the country in terms of innovation – to increase their competitiveness. Based on the major literature on topics such as knowledge exchange, innovation networks and disparities, and on descriptive statistics and a cluster analysis in a dynamic perspective, our study aimed to assess the actual intra-regional, extra-regional and transnational links established by the Italian SMEs and public research establishments (PREs). In a next step we aim at assessing if knowledge flows fostered by the FP6-SME and FP7-SME were mainly concentrated in the traditionally winning macro-regional areas (North and Centre) or led to more widespread benefits in favour of SMEs located in the marginal South. The findings of our study revealed a very limited number of connections - with a related weak knowledge exchange - involving the southern regions, implying a reinforcement of innovation activities in the traditionally most dynamic industrial areas of the country.
Current Trends of the Projects Organization in Developed Economies
Authors: Bourass Younes , Taibi Saoudi
Published: April 2016

This working paper aims to emphasize the current trends of the projects organization and transformations occurred in the project function. We will first focus on the main aspects of the project structure evolution, with a particular interest to the role of project manager. Then, the current trends of project organization are examined with the evolution of matrix organization, the development of concurrent engineering, the new cooperation tools and the new contractualization forms.