bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable and healthy diets: Synergies and trade‐offs in Switzerland
Authors: Kopainsky Birgit , Frehner Anita , Müller Adrian
Published: December 2020

Food systems have increasingly strong impacts on the environment, and they influence our human well‐being. In Switzerland, food consumption accounts for one‐third of the environmental impact caused by total final consumption. At the same time, non‐communicable diseases have been linked to a number of dietary aspects. In Switzerland, all non‐communicable diseases together are responsible for 80% of total public health care costs annually. Current assessments that link environmental sustainability and human health‐oriented diets for Switzerland lack a transparent representation of the dynamic effects caused by large‐scale conversions of the food system. In this study, therefore, a system dynamics model is employed to investigate intended and unintended changes on the food system structure and on environmental impacts. Several human health‐oriented scenarios are implemented and tested with different production‐ and consumption‐side intervention strategies. Because all scenarios assuming an increase in the consumption of plant‐based products also involve higher consumption of dairy products, consequences for bovine meat need to be considered. The biological link between milk and bovine meat production leads to an unintended increase in bovine meat production as milk production increases. Intervention strategies at the consumption level thus need to be accompanied by intervention strategies at the agricultural production level. Similarly, intervention strategies that aim at improving health outcomes at the production level need to be accompanied by strategies that affect diets and thus consumption preferences. Avoiding instances of policy resistance requires integrated policy design and implementation across agriculture, the environment and human health. This integration is a challenge for farmers, the food industry and consumers alike.
The environmental performance of four municipal solid waste management scenarios: A life cycle assessment study
Authors: Jaafarzadeh Neemat , Ahmadmoazzam Mehdi , Kojloo Rahele , Jorfi Sahand , Baasim Yalda
Published: December 2020

Life cycle assessment was used to estimate the environmental impact of different municipal solid waste management strategies. Four scenarios (S1–S4) were considered, and the life cycle inventory of each scenario was performed using the integrated waste management (IWM) model. Scenario S1 in which all wastes are landfilled without processing and recovery of gas showed the highest negative impact on the environment. In scenario S2, where the organic portion of the waste is composted the environmental burden is greatly reduced compared to the first scenario. Scenarios S3 and S4, which are based on recycling and generation of energy, have a low environmental burden on the environment in addition to energy generation and conservation of nonrenewable resources. Therefore, increasing the use of waste processing and recovery options like composting, recycling, and energy generation base strategies is extremely recommended to reduce the adverse environmental impact of landfills.
Bearing fruit: Piloting a novel judgment bias task in an American black bear
Authors: Vonk Jennifer , McGuire Molly C. , Johnson‐Ulrich Zoe
Published: December 2020

Judgment bias tasks can reveal changes in affect in animals as a function of environmental manipulations such as provision of enrichment. We assessed affect in an American black bear across seasonal changes in availability of a mulberry bush. We used a novel judgment bias task in which the background color of a touchscreen signaled whether the left or right positioned stimulus was correct. The bear learned the conditional rule in which the correct action for the white background (choose left) resulted in three pieces of food and the correct action for the black background (choose right) resulted in one piece of food. On probe trials involving intermediate gray backgrounds, left side responses indicated optimism and right side responses indicated pessimism. Tests took place at the beginning, middle, and end of mulberry season and again nearing the end of the summer and early fall before hibernation. The bear showed the most optimistic responses during the phase involving increased opportunities for foraging on mulberry. A follow‐up experiment confirmed that the bear preferred three food items over one food item, suggesting the quantity‐based discrimination was in fact salient to this bear. This is the first evidence for conditional discrimination learning in a black bear, validating the task to assess changes in affect.
Law and Digitization in Russia
Authors: Muravyeva Marianna , Gurkov Alexander
Published: December 2020

Russian state has been intensively digitalizing in past decades. The “Electronic Government” program has achieved impressive results in moving legal processes and services online by creating a system of digital platforms to manage individuals’ and businesses’ access to justice (such as services Moi Arbitr or GAS Pravosudie), as well as offer other legal instruments (such as legal documents in digital form). However, these achievements have come at significant cost for law, the legal system, and public entities and private individuals, especially in a situation of authoritarian political framework. Firstly, Russian law has become hyperformalized, which is necessary for smooth digital processing. Secondly, electronic justice has increased access to justice and legal services in terms of time efficiency, but also damaged quality and contents of law. Thirdly, digitalization of law has brought a new level of surveillance, censorship, and information controls that was not available before. The law serves as an instrument of political manipulation, which leads to even further formalization of procedures and uses of e-justice to curtail freedoms of speech and other human rights.
Cybercrime and Punishment: Security, Information War, and the Future of Runet
Authors: Gaufman Elizaveta
Published: December 2020

Cybersecurity à la Russe is marked by the authoritarian nature of the state that is primarily concerned by the question of regime survival. This logic motivates continuous securitization of the Internet that is framed as a potential accessory to crimes committed both by foreign and domestic actors. This chapter aims to show the discrepancies in Russian cyber politics at home and abroad, highlighting its struggle for more internet regulation that is seen by the Russian government as a panacea against perceived external attempts at regime change while exploiting digital public spaces abroad. At the same time, this chapter shows that despite seemingly formidable “cyber army” capabilities for external use, domestic surveillance and attempts to build a Great Russian Firewall are still lacking.
Ergebnisse der explorativen Studie
Authors: Belz Malte
Published: December 2020

Zwei zentrale Hypothesen werden im Literaturteil dieser Arbeit aufgestellt, nämlich die Hypothese der Formvariabilität (Kapitel 2: Welche phonetische Varianten treten auf?) und die Form-Kontext-Hypothese (Kapitel 3: Kann ein Teil der vorkommenden Formvariabilität durch den jeweiligen Kontext erklärt werden?). Im Folgenden werde ich mich diesen Fragen explorativ annähern.
Another SMEFT story: Z′ facing new results on ε′/ε, ∆MK and K → $$ \pi \nu \overline{\nu} $$
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Buras Andrzej J. , Kumar Jacky
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Recently the RBC-UKQCD lattice QCD collaboration presented new results for the hadronic matrix elements relevant for the ratio ε′/ε in the Standard Model (SM) albeit with significant uncertainties. With the present knowledge of the Wilson coefficients and isospin breaking effects there is still a sizable room left for new physics (NP) contributions to ε′/ε which could both enhance or suppress this ratio to agree with the data. The new SM value for the K0 − $$ {\overline{K}}^0 $$

K
¯

0

mass difference ∆MK from RBC-UKQCD is on the other hand by 2σ above the data hinting for NP required to suppress ∆MK. Simultaneously the most recent results for K+ → $$ {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
+

ν

ν
¯

from NA62 and for KL → $$ {\pi}^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
0

ν

ν
¯

from KOTO still allow for significant NP contributions. We point out that the suppression of ∆MK by NP requires the presence of new CP-violating phases with interesting implications for K → $$ \pi \nu \overline{\nu} $$
πν

ν
¯

, KS → μ+μ− and KL → π0ℓ+ℓ− decays. Considering a Z′-scenario within the SMEFT we analyze the dependence of all these observables on the size of NP still allowed by the data on ε′/ε. The hinted ∆MK anomaly together with the εK constraint implies in the presence of only left-handed (LH) or right-handed (RH) flavour-violating Z′ couplings strict correlation between K+ → $$ {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
+

ν

ν
¯

and KL → $$ {\pi}^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
0

ν

ν
¯

branching ratios so that they are either simultaneously enhanced or suppressed relative to SM predictions. An anticorrelation can only be obtained in the presence of both LH and RH couplings. Interestingly, the NP QCD penguin scenario for ε′/ε is excluded by SMEFT renormalization group effects in εK so that NP effects in ε′/ε are governed by electroweak penguins. We also investigate for the first time whether the presence of a heavy Z′ with flavour violating couplings could generate through top Yukawa renormalization group effects FCNCs mediated by the SM Z-boson. The outcome turns out to be very interesting.
Kerr-Newman stress-tensor from minimal coupling
Authors: Chung Ming-Zhi , Huang Yu-tin , Kim Jung-Wook
Published: December 2020

Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate that at leading order in post Minkowskian (PM) expansion, the stress-energy tensor of Kerr-Newman black hole can be recovered to all orders in spin from three sets of minimal coupling: the electric and gravitational minimal coupling for higher-spin particles, and the “minimal coupling” for massive spin-2 decay. These couplings are uniquely defined from kinematic consideration alone. This is shown by extracting the classical piece of the one-loop stress-energy tensor form factor, which we provide a basis that is valid to all orders in spin. The 1 PM stress tensor, and the metric in the harmonic gauge, is then recovered from the classical spin limit of the form factor.
Antiquity and fundamental processes of the antler cycle in Cervidae (Mammalia)
Authors: Rössner Gertrud E. , Costeur Loïc , Scheyer Torsten M.
Published: December 2020

The origins of the regenerative nature of antlers, being branched and deciduous apophyseal appendages of frontal bones of cervid artiodactyls, have long been associated with permanent evolutionary precursors. In this study, we provide novel insight into growth modes of evolutionary early antlers. We analysed a total of 34 early antlers affiliated to ten species, including the oldest known, dating from the early and middle Miocene (approx. 18 to 12 million years old) of Europe. Our findings provide empirical data from the fossil record to demonstrate that growth patterns and a regular cycle of necrosis, abscission and regeneration are consistent with data from modern antlers. The diverse histological analyses indicate that primary processes and mechanisms of the modern antler cycle were not gradually acquired during evolution, but were fundamental from the earliest record of antler evolution and, hence, explanations why deer shed antlers have to be rooted in basic histogenetic mechanisms. The previous interpretation that proximal circular protuberances, burrs, are the categorical traits for ephemerality is refuted.
Superiore Kapselrekonstruktion mittels langer Bizepssehne bei retrahierter Komplettruptur der Supraspinatussehne und der kranialen Infraspinatussehne
Authors: Brunnader Lars , Greiner Stefan , Voss Andreas
Published: December 2020

In diesem Beitrag berichten die Autoren über einen Patienten mit einer Ruptur der Rotatorenmanschette, welche sich als retrahierte Komplettruptur der Supraspinatussehne und der kranialen Infraspinatussehne präsentierte. Nach 7‑monatiger Schmerzpersistenz und anhaltendem Funktionsverlust wurde im Rahmen eines arthroskopischen Eingriffs eine Rekonstruktion der superioren Kapsel durchgeführt. Die lange Bizepssehne wurde hierzu als Autograft verwendet und mit der kranialen Infraspinatussehne verknüpft. Auf diese Weise konnte ein kompletter Verschluss des posterosuperioren Gelenkraums erreicht werden.
The absorption law
Authors: Visser Albert
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we show how to construct for a given consistent theory U a $$\varSigma ^0_1$$

Σ
1
0

-predicate that both satisfies the Löb Conditions and the Kreisel Condition—even if U is unsound. We do this in such a way that U itself can verify satisfaction of an internal version of the Kreisel Condition.
An electro-mechanically coupled computational multiscale formulation for electrical conductors
Authors: Kaiser T. , Menzel A.
Published: December 2020

Motivated by experimental findings on deformation induced microcracks in thin metal films and by their influence on the effective macroscopic electrical conductivity, a computational multiscale formulation for electrical conductors is proposed in this contribution. In particular, averaging theorems for kinematic quantities and for their energetic duals are discussed, an extended version of the Hill–Mandel energy equivalence condition is proposed and suitable boundary conditions for the microscale problem are elaborated. The implementation of the proposed framework in a two-scale finite element environment is shown and representative boundary value problems are studied in two- and three-dimensional settings.
Antisocial cognition as a mediator of the peer influence effect and peer selection effect in antisocial adolescents
Authors: Brewer Ashley-John , Saunders Rob , Fearon Pasco , Fonagy Peter , Cottrell David , Kraam Abdullah , Pilling Stephen , Simes Elizabeth , Anokhina Alisa , Butler Stephen
Published: December 2020

The peer influence and peer selection effects are two widely replicated findings in the criminological literature that refer to the predictive relationship between antisocial behaviour and delinquent peer association as well as between delinquent peer association and antisocial behaviour, respectively. Research suggests that antisocial cognition might constitute a causal mechanism underlying part of these effects. This study investigated the extent that the peer influence and peer selection effects are mediated by one key aspect of antisocial cognition—beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict. This study examined whether beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict mediated the relationship between delinquent peer association and volume of self-reported antisocial behaviour and vice-versa, across a 1-year follow-up period, in 683 (433 male, 250 female) British adolescents (mean age: 13.8 years) with a history of serious antisocial behaviour. Participants completed measures at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months thereafter. Findings indicated that beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict partially mediated the peer influence and peer selection effects, explaining a substantial proportion of the total effect in the peer influence (i.e., 26%) and peer selection (i.e., 17%) models. These results suggest that beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict could explain part of the mechanism underlying the peer influence and peer selection effects in adolescents with a history of serious antisocial behaviour.
Foodborne Zoonoses Common in Hunted Wild Boars
Authors: Fredriksson-Ahomaa Maria , London Laura , Skrzypczak Teresa , Kantala Tuija , Laamanen Ilona , Biström Mia , Maunula Leena , Gadd Tuija
Published: December 2020

The northern European wild boar population has increased during the last decade. Highest wild boar numbers in Finland have been reported in the southeastern part near the Russian border. Wild boars may be infected with several human and animal pathogens. In this study, we investigated the presence of important foodborne pathogens in wild boars hunted in 2016 in Finland using serology, PCR and culturing. Seroprevalence of Salmonella (38%) and Yersinia (56%) infections was high in wild boars. Antibodies to hepatitis E virus, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella were found in 18%, 9% and 9% of the wild boars, respectively. Trichinella antibodies were detected in 1% of the animals. We recorded no differences in the seroprevalence between males and females. However, Yersinia and T. gondii antibodies were detected significantly more often in adults than in young individuals. Listeria monocytogenes (48%) and stx-positive Escherichia coli (33%) determinants were frequently detected in the visceral organs (spleen and kidneys) by PCR. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:1 and L. monocytogenes 2a and 4b were identified by culturing from the PCR-positive samples. Brucella suis biovar 2 was isolated from visceral organs. No African swine fever, classical swine fever or Aujeszky’s disease were detected in the wild boars. Our study shows that wild boars are important reservoirs of foodborne pathogens.
Whom do nascent ventures search for? Resource scarcity and linkage formation activities during new product development processes
Authors: Herrmann Andrea M. , Storz Cornelia , Held Lukas
Published: December 2020

External linkages allow nascent ventures to access crucial resources during the process of new product development. Forming external linkages can substantially contribute to a venture’s performance. However, little is known about the paths of external linkage formation, as well as the circumstances that drive the choice to pursue one rather than another path. This gap deserves further investigation, because we do not know whether insights developed for incumbent firms also apply to nascent ventures: To address this gap, we explore a novel dataset of 370 venture creation processes. Using sequence analyses based on optimal matching techniques and cluster analyses, we reveal that nascent ventures pursue one of overall four distinct paths of linkage formation activities during new product development. Contrary to the findings of the strategy literature, we find that if nascent ventures engage in external linkages at all, they do not combine exploration- and exploitation-oriented linkages but form either exploration- or exploitation-oriented linkages. Additional regression analyses highlight the circumstances that lead nascent ventures to pursue one rather than the other pathways. Taken together, our analyses point out that resource scarcity constitutes an important factor shaping the linkage formation activities of nascent ventures. Accordingly, we show that nascent ventures tend not to optimize by adding complementary knowledge to the firm’s knowledge base but rather to extend the existing knowledge base—a strategy which we call bricolage.
The rotten core of presentism
Authors: Tallant Jonathan , Ingram David
Published: December 2020

Recently, some have attempted to reformulate debates in first-order metaphysics, particularly in the metaphysics of time and modality, for reasons due to Williamson (Modal logic as metaphysics, Oxford University Press, 2013). In this paper, we focus on the ways in which the likes of Cameron, Correia and Rosenkranz, Deasy, Ingram, Tallant, Viebahn,inter alia, have initiated and responded to attempts to capture the core of presentism using a formal, logical machinery. We argue that such attempts are doomed to fail because there is no theoretical core to presentism. There is no single view or family of views that is presentism.
Changes in the Coating Composition Due to APS Process Conditions for Al2O3-Cr2O3-TiO2 Ternary Powder Blends
Authors: Grimm Maximilian , Conze Susan , Berger Lutz-Michael , Paczkowski Gerd , Drehmann Rico , Lampke Thomas
Published: December 2020

Thermally sprayed coatings from the single oxides and binary compositions of the Al2O3-Cr2O3-TiO2system show multifunctional properties. Ternary compositions are promising for further improvement in their performance. The stability of the composition during coating formation is an important issue for blended feedstock powders in order to obtain the desired properties. This work focuses on the compositional changes of a ternary blend of Al2O3, Cr2O3and TiOxpowders of equal content by mass in a conventional atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) process using an Ar/H2plasma gas mixture. By increasing the argon flow rate at constant hydrogen flow rate, the total plasma gas flow rate and the Ar/H2ratio were varied. For the highest argon flow rate, this resulted in an average particle velocity of 140% and an average particle temperature of 90% of the initial values, respectively. Coating composition and microstructure were studied by optical microscopy, SEM, including EDS analyses, and XRD. In addition, the coating hardness and electrical impedance were also measured. Differences in the “difficulty of melting factor” (DMF) and the thermal diffusivity of the three oxides appear to be responsible for the dramatic change of the coating composition with an increasing argon flow rate. For the highest argon flow rate applied, besides TiO2, the coating contains only 8 wt.% Al2O3, while the Cr2O3content remained almost constant. At the same time, the change of the Ar/H2ratio resulted in the formation of stoichiometric TiO2in the coating by oxidation of TiOxin the feedstock powder. Moreover, a small content of titanium was found in the Cr2O3splats, showing that there are only limited interactions between the large oxide powder particles. Thus, the study has shown that stability of the chemical composition during spraying of ternary powder blends is strongly influenced by the process conditions.
Individualized Brain Tissue Oxygen-Monitoring Probe Placement Helps to Guide Therapy and Optimizes Outcome in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Häni Levin , Ropelato Mario D. , Wagner Franca , Nowacki Andreas , Söll Nicole , Haenggi Matthias , Raabe Andreas , Z’Graggen Werner J.
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective

In order to monitor tissue oxygenation in patients with acute neurological disorders, probes for measurement of brain tissue oxygen tension (ptO2) are often placed non-specifically in a right frontal lobe location. To improve the value of ptO2 monitoring, placement of the probe into a specific area of interest is desirable. We present a technique using CT-guidance to place the ptO2 probe in a particular area of interest based on the individual patient’s pathology.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed imaging and clinical data from all patients who underwent CT-guided ptO2 probe placement at our institution between October 2017 and April 2019. Primary endpoint was successful placement of the probe in a particular area of interest rated by two independent reviewers. Secondary outcomes were complications from probe insertion, clinical consequences from ptO2 measurements, clinical outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as well as development of ischemia on follow-up imaging. A historical control group was selected from patients who underwent conventional ptO2 probe placement between January 2010 and October 2017.

Results

Eleven patients had 16 CT-guided probes inserted. In 15 (93.75%) probes, both raters agreed on the correct placement in the area of interest. Each probe triggered on average 0.48 diagnostic or therapeutic adjustments per day. Only one infarction within the vascular territory of a probe was found on follow-up imaging. Eight out of eleven patients (72.73%) reached a good outcome (mRS ≤ 3). In comparison, conventionally placed probes triggered less diagnostic and therapeutic adjustment per day (p = 0.007). Outcome was worse in the control group (p = 0.024).

Conclusion

CT-guided probe insertion is a reliable and easy technique to place a ptO2 probe in a particular area of interest in patients with potentially reduced cerebral oxygen supply. By adjusting treatment aggressively according to this individualized monitoring data, clinical outcome may improve.
Correction to: Higher order interactions and species coexistence
Authors: Singh Pragya , Baruah Gaurav
Published: December 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contains a mistake.
Association of fibroblast growth factor 21 with alcohol consumption and alcohol liver cirrhosis
Authors: Wagner-Skacel Jolana , Horvath Angela , Grande Philipp , Wenninger Julian , Matzer Franziska , Fazekas Christian , Mörkl Sabrina , Meinitzer Andreas , Stadlbauer Vanessa
Published: December 2020

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is produced in the liver and binds to different complex receptor/coreceptor systems. Besides many other processes, FGF21 regulates the intake of simple sugars and alcohol. Increased levels of FGF21 decrease harmful alcohol intake in mice. To increase our understanding on the relationship between FGF21 and alcohol intake in humans, we aimed to measure FGF21 levels in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) in comparison to patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis (NALC) and healthy persons based on their present alcohol consumption.

Methods

Alcohol intake was verified by urinary ethyl glucuronide (uETG) levels, eating and drinking behaviour by a Food Frequency Questionnaire and FGF 21 plasma levels were determined by ELISA in 96 persons (ALCn = 41; NALCn = 34; healthyn = 21).

Results

Both ALC and NALC patients with elevated ETG levels (≥0.5 μg/ml; indicating alcohol consumption in the last 12–72 h) showed significantly higher FGF21 plasma levels in comparison to patients with negative ETG levels. Eating behaviour did not have an impact on FGF21 plasma levels.

Conclusions

Increased FGF21 levels in patients with recent alcohol consumption (verified by ETG) confirmed the first part of the liver–brain endocrine axis: alcohol consumption was associated with increased FGF21 levels. We could not confirm that elevated FGF21 levels were associated with reduced alcohol intake as a result. That points towards a pathology in this pathway, which might be caused by a malfunction of β‑Klotho or FGF receptors according to other studies and chronic alcohol dependency. Further research is required to clarify these pathologies, which may open new pharmacological treatment for patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol dependence.
The Spanish Baroque and Latin American Literary Modernity
Authors: Chemris Crystal Anne
Published: December 2020

This book aims to develop a broader view of the trajectory of Hispanic modernity, tracing a motif of recurring impasse, first seen in peninsular Baroque texts and continuing into Latin American colonial and modern literature.
Historical Memory and Criminal Justice in Spain
Authors: Tamarit Sumalla Josep M.
Published: December 2020

The Spanish transition from the Franco regime to democracy has not been a very popular subject amongst researchers examining transitional justice at the international level. However, Spain presents certain peculiarities that make it an interesting case in which to explore comparative law and sociology. It has sometimes been seen as a model of peaceful transition, but has also been labelled as an example of an ‘amnesic’ transition to a democratic system in which victims’ rights, justice and truth were forgotten. In contrast to other transitions, demands of justice were not expressed during what was the purely transitional period, but they have been on the increase since then. That is why, in this case, we can speak of ‘post-transitional justice’ or, more properly, of ‘late transitional justice’. This book analyses, above all, the laws, policies and judicial decisions adopted in Spain that were related to the construction of the past and could therefore be understood as measures of transitional justice. By comparing this experience with transitional decisions adopted in other countries, the book highlights the main features of the Spanish case and the lessons that can be learned from it. Measures adopted during the transitional period, such as the amnesty and subsequent decisions aimed at giving some kind of partial reparation to the victims of the repression, are here studied. Demands for reviewing the past, the 2007 Act of Historical Memory, and the controversial use of criminal justice are also considered. Criminal Law is hardly applicable to the facts of the past, but the purely amnesic option can no longer be defended. Therefore, the author proposes a plan of action including different measures, such as the creation of a commission of memory, which would be in charge of investigating not only violent crimes or torture, but also other related crimes, including child abduction and politically motivated unlawful adoptions and those perpetrated in a systematic way during the Dictatorship. A victim-centred approach requires ensuring that each victim has the right to be considered on the basis of his or her own suffering, needs and rights and not as a member of a large group.
Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: looking back and moving forward
Authors: Gavin B. , Lyne J. , McNicholas F.
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 continues to exert unprecedented challenges for society and it is now well recognised that mental health is a key healthcare issue related to the pandemic. The current edition of the Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine focusses on the impact of COVID-19 on mental illness by combining historical review papers, current perspectives and original research. It is important that psychiatrists leading mental health services in Ireland continue to advocate for mental health supports for healthcare workers and their patients, while aiming to deliver services flexibly. As the pandemic evolves, it remains to be seen whether the necessary funding to deliver effective mental healthcare will be allocated to psychiatric services. Ongoing service evaluation and research is needed as the myriad impacts of the pandemic continue to evolve. In a time of severe budgetary constraints, ensuring optimum use of scare resources becomes an imperative.
Reflections on Gender Trouble Thirty Years Later: Reply to Hershatter, Loos, and Patel
Authors: Butler Judith
Published: December 2020

I am most honored and perhaps also startled to read these comprehensive scholarly essays dedicated to the question of the appropriation of Gender Trouble in Asian studies. Sometimes “appropriation” is a problematic activity, such as the cultural appropriation of artworks and styles from minority communities, such as the indigenous, for the purposes of market circulation, profit, or the augmentation of human capital. But when texts such as Gender Trouble enter the global market of books, a different kind of appropriation becomes possible. The book is at once taken up and refused, indicating the limits of translation or marking a resistance to cultural imperialism.
Learner attitudes and attention to form in peer interaction: A proposal to replicate Adams et al. (2011) and Philp et al. (2010)
Authors: Sato Masatoshi
Published: December 2020

Research into peer interaction continues to grow and new findings with new designs have been reported. However, there remain theoretical and methodological issues that replication studies can address. In this article, I first discuss theoretical frameworks that have been used to investigate peer interaction, namely, interactionist, sociocultural, and psychological. I explain that, regardless of theoretical frameworks, peer interaction effectiveness has been at least partly accounted for by the ways in which learners temporarily shift their attention to linguistic issues during meaningful interaction, via peer feedback or language-related episodes (LREs). Current research also suggests that learner attitudes mediate this interactional behavior. To fill the gaps in this issue, I make methodological suggestions for replication research of Adams, Nuevo, & Egi (2011) and Philp, Walter, & Basturkmen (2010), including intervention materials, transcript analysis, statistical design, and internal validity control. I conclude the paper with pedagogical implications that may arise from replication studies.
Graded Work, the Activation of Sick-Listed Workers and Employer Participation in Continental Europe
Authors: Leoni Thomas
Published: December 2020

There is an increasing emphasis on activating workers on sick leave and on using their residual work capacity. This article compares activation via graded-work schemes in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands, with a focus on the role of employers. The analysis of literature sources and survey data reveals an ongoing reform activity, as well as great diversity in terms of employer obligations and incentives in the countries studied. These differences are very consequential for the intensity of employer efforts to activate sick-listed workers, even when comparing countries that otherwise share many institutional features. The distinction between public and privatised systems of sickness insurance, on the contrary, seems to be less relevant for the question of employer participation in activation. The findings are consistent with the expectation that less comprehensive employer participation is correlated with stronger selectivity in activation efforts. Depending on the prevailing approach in the individual countries and on developments to date, policy-makers are confronted with different challenges and priorities.
Experimentally Induced Volumetric Re‐equilibration of Plagioclase‐Hosted Melt Inclusions
Authors: Drignon Mélissa J. , Arbaret Laurent , Cluzel Nicolas , Nielsen Roger L. , Bodnar Robert J.
Published: December 2020

The application of melt inclusions (MI) to infer magmatic processes assumes the MI have remained as constant mass, constant volume systems since the time of trapping. Understanding the effects of both compositional and volumetric re‐equilibration is key for the interpretation of MI data. Although the re‐equilibration behavior MI in quartz and olivine has been studied in some detail, the process is less understood for other MI host phases such as plagioclase, a common phase in igneous rocks. A MI can re‐equilibrate when it experiences pressure and temperature (PT) conditions that differ from formation PT conditions. During laboratory heating, irreversible MI expansion may occur. As a result, the internal pressure within the MI decreases, resulting in chemical and structural changes to the MI and host. We present results of heating experiments on plagioclase‐hosted MI designed to induce volumetric re‐equilibration. The experiments consisted of incrementally heating the MI to temperatures above the homogenization temperatures. At ∼40°C above, the temperature at which the daughter minerals melted, irreversible volume expansion lowered the pressure in the MI, and led to exsolution of CO2 into vapor bubbles. With each additional few degrees of heating, additional episodes of CO2 exsolution, bubble nucleation and expansion of the vapor bubbles occurred. Re‐equilibration of MI in plagioclase occurred through a combination of ductile and brittle deformation of the host surrounding the MI, whereas previous studies have shown that MI in olivine re‐equilibrate dominantly through ductile deformation associated with movement along dislocations. This behavior is consistent with the differing rheological properties of these phases.
Eosinophils improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Chongzhe , Liu Tianxiao , Deng Zhiyong , Fang Wenqian , Zhang Xian , Li Jie , Huang Qin , Liu Conglin , Wang Yunzhe , Yang Dafeng , Sukhova Galina K. , Lindholt Jes S. , Diederichsen Axel , Rasmussen Lars M. , Li Dazhu , Newton Gail , Luscinskas Francis W. , Liu Lijun , Libby Peter , Wang Jing , Guo Junli , Shi Guo-Ping
Published: December 2020

Clinical studies reveal changes in blood eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic proteins that may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here we report an increase of blood or heart eosinophil counts in humans and mice after myocardial infarction (MI), mostly in the infarct region. Genetic or inducible depletion of eosinophils exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and fibrosis post-MI, with concurrent acute increase of heart and chronic increase of splenic neutrophils and monocytes. Mechanistic studies reveal roles of eosinophil IL4 and cationic protein mEar1 in blocking H2O2- and hypoxia-induced mouse and human cardiomyocyte death, TGF-β-induced cardiac fibroblast Smad2/3 activation, and TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on the heart endothelial cell monolayer. In vitro-cultured eosinophils from WT mice or recombinant mEar1 protein, but not eosinophils from IL4-deficient mice, effectively correct exacerbated cardiac dysfunctions in eosinophil-deficient ∆dblGATA mice. This study establishes a cardioprotective role of eosinophils in post-MI hearts.
FUT2–ABO epistasis increases the risk of early childhood asthma and Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory illnesses
Authors: Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Eliasen Anders U. , Sevelsted Astrid , Pedersen Casper-Emil T. , Stokholm Jakob , Chawes Bo , Bork-Jensen Jette , Grarup Niels , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Linneberg Allan , Sharma Amitabh , Weiss Scott T. , Evans Michael D. , Jackson Daniel J. , Morin Andreanne , Krogfelt Karen A. , Schjørring Susanne , Mortensen Preben B. , Hougaard David M. , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Børglum Anders D. , Werge Thomas , Agerbo Esben , Gern James E. , Lemanske Robert F. , Ober Carole , Pedersen Anders G. , Bisgaard Hans , Bønnelykke Klaus
Published: December 2020

Asthma with severe exacerbation is the most common cause of hospitalization among young children. We aim to increase the understanding of this clinically important disease entity through a genome-wide association study. The discovery analysis comprises 2866 children experiencing severe asthma exacerbation between ages 2 and 6 years, and 65,415 non-asthmatic controls, and we replicate findings in 918 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) birth cohorts. We identify rs281379 near FUT2/MAMSTR on chromosome 19 as a novel risk locus (OR = 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11–1.25), Pdiscovery = 2.6 × 10−9) as well as a biologically plausible interaction between functional variants in FUT2 and ABO. We further discover and replicate a potential causal mechanism behind this interaction related to S. pneumoniae respiratory illnesses. These results suggest a novel mechanism of early childhood asthma and demonstrates the importance of phenotype-specificity for discovery of asthma genes and epistasis.
QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis of seed vigor-related traits during artificial aging in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Shi Huawei , Guan Wanghui , Shi Yugang , Wang Shuguang , Fan Hua , Yang Jinwen , Chen Weiguo , Zhang Wenjun , Sun Daizhen , Jing Ruilian
Published: December 2020

High vigor seeds have greater yield potential than those with low vigor; however, long-term storage leads to a decline in this trait. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging conditions using a high-density genetic linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and mine the related candidate genes. A doubled haploid population, derived from a cross between Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14, was used as the experimental material. Six controlled-environment treatments were set up, i.e. the seeds were aged for 0, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h at a high temperature (48 °C) and under high humidity (relative humidity 100%). Eight traits including seed germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, seedling length, root length, seedling weight, vigor index, and simple vigor index were measured. With the prolongation of artificial aging treatment, these traits showed a continuous downward trend and significant correlations were observed between most of them. A total of 49 additive QTLs for seed vigor-related traits were mapped onto 12 chromosomes (1B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6D, and 7A); and each one accounted for 6.01–17.18% of the phenotypic variations. Twenty-five pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected on all chromosomes, except for 5D, 6A, and 7D, and each epistasis accounted for 7.35–26.06% of the phenotypic variations. Three additive QTL hot spots were found on chromosomes 5A, 5B, and 5D, respectively. 13 QTLs, QGEe5B, QGIe5B, QSLc5B, QSLd5B, QSLf5B, QRLd5B, QRLe5B, QRLf5B, QVId5B, QVIe5B, QVIf5B, QSVId5B, and QSVIe5B, were located in the marker interval AX-94643729 ~ AX-110529646 on 5B and the physical interval 707,412,449–710,959,479 bp. Genes including TRAESCS5B01G564900, TRAESCS5B01G564200, TRAESCS5B01G562600, TraesCS5B02G562700, TRAESCS5B01G561300, TRAESCS5B01G561400, and TRAESCS5B01G562100, located in this marker interval, were found to be involved in regulating the processes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, transcription, and cell division during the germination of aging seeds, thus they were viewed as candidate genes for seed viability-related traits. These findings provide the basis for the seed-based cloning and functional identification of related candidate genes for seed vigor.
ProbeDealer is a convenient tool for designing probes for highly multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Hu Mengwei , Yang Bing , Cheng Yubao , Radda Jonathan S. D. , Chen Yanbo , Liu Miao , Wang Siyuan
Published: December 2020

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method to visualize the spatial positions of specific genomic loci and RNA species. Recent technological advances have leveraged FISH to visualize these features in a highly multiplexed manner. Notable examples include chromatin tracing, RNA multiplexed error-robust FISH (MERFISH), multiplexed imaging of nucleome architectures (MINA), and sequential single-molecule RNA FISH. However, one obstacle to the broad adoption of these methods is the complexity of the multiplexed FISH probe design. In this paper, we introduce an easy-to-use, versatile, and all-in-one application called ProbeDealer to design probes for a variety of multiplexed FISH techniques and their combinations. ProbeDealer offers a one-stop shop for multiplexed FISH design needs of the research community.
Picene and PTCDI based solution processable ambipolar OFETs
Authors: Balambiga Balu , Dheepika Ramachandran , Devibala Paneerselvam , Imran Predhanekar Mohamed , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: December 2020

Facile and efficient solution-processed bottom gate top contact organic field-effect transistor was fabricated by employing the active layer of picene (donor, D) and N,N′-di(dodecyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (acceptor, A). Balanced hole (0.12 cm2/Vs) and electron (0.10 cm2/Vs) mobility with Ion/off of 104 ratio were obtained for 1:1 ratio of D/A blend. On increasing the ratio of either D or A, the charge carrier mobility and Ion/off ratio improved than that of the pristine molecules. Maximum hole (µmax,h) and electron mobilities (µmax,e) were achieved up to 0.44 cm2/Vs for 3:1 and 0.25 cm2/Vs for 1:3, (D/A) respectively. This improvement is due to the donor phase function as the trap center for minority holes and decreased trap density of the dielectric layer, and vice versa. High ionization potential (− 5.71 eV) of 3:1 and lower electron affinity of (− 3.09 eV) of 1:3 supports the fine tuning of frontier molecular orbitals in the blend. The additional peak formed for the blends at high negative potential of − 1.3 V in cyclic voltammetry supports the molecular level electronic interactions of D and A. Thermal studies supported the high thermal stability of D/A blends and SEM analysis of thin films indicated their efficient molecular packing. Quasi-π–π stacking owing to the large π conjugated plane and the crystallinity of the films are well proved by GIXRD. DFT calculations also supported the electronic distribution of the molecules. The electron density of states (DOS) of pristine D and A molecules specifies the non-negligible interaction coupling among the molecules. This D/A pair has unlimited prospective for plentiful electronic applications in non-volatile memory devices, inverters and logic circuits.
Temporal changes in reproductive success and optimal breeding decisions in a long-distance migratory bird
Authors: Reséndiz-Infante Cynthia , Gauthier Gilles
Published: December 2020

Many avian migrants have not adjusted breeding phenology to climate warming resulting in negative consequences for their offspring. We studied seasonal changes in reproductive success of the greater snow goose (Anser caerulescens atlantica), a long-distance migrant. As the climate warms and plant phenology advances, the mismatch between the timing of gosling hatch and peak nutritive quality of plants will increase. We predicted that optimal laying date yielding highest reproductive success occurred earlier over time and that the seasonal decline in reproductive success increased. Over 25 years, reproductive success of early breeders increased by 42%, producing a steeper seasonal decline in reproductive success. The difference between the laying date producing highest reproductive success and the median laying date of the population increased, which suggests an increase in the selection pressure for that trait. Observed clutch size was lower than clutch size yielding the highest reproductive success for most laying dates. However, at the individual level, clutch size could still be optimal if the additional time required to acquire nutrients to lay extra eggs is compensated by a reduction in reproductive success due to a delayed laying date. Nonetheless, breeding phenology may not respond sufficiently to meet future environmental changes induced by warming temperatures.
Growth of sillenite Bi12FeO20 single crystals: structural, thermal, optical, photocatalytic features and first principle calculations
Authors: Vavilapalli Durga Sankar , Melvin Ambrose A. , Bellarmine F. , Mannam Ramanjaneyulu , Velaga Srihari , Poswal Himanshu K. , Dixit Ambesh , Ramachandra Rao M. S. , Singh Shubra
Published: December 2020

Ideal sillenite type Bi12FeO20 (BFO) micron sized single crystals have been successfully grown via inexpensive hydrothermal method. The refined single crystal X-ray diffraction data reveals cubic Bi12FeO20 structure with single crystal parameters. Occurrence of rare Fe4+ state is identified via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The lattice parameter (a) and corresponding molar volume (Vm) of Bi12FeO20 have been measured in the temperature range of 30–700 °C by the X-ray diffraction method. The thermal expansion coefficient (α) 3.93 × 10–5 K−1 was calculated from the measured values of the parameters. Electronic structure and density of states are investigated by first principle calculations. Photoelectrochemical measurements on single crystals with bandgap of 2 eV reveal significant photo response. The photoactivity of as grown crystals were further investigated by degrading organic effluents such as Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) under natural sunlight. BFO showed photodegradation efficiency about 74.23% and 32.10% for degrading MB and CR respectively. Interesting morphology and microstructure of pointed spearhead like BFO crystals provide a new insight in designing and synthesizing multifunctional single crystals.