bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community‐based mosquito surveillance: an automatic mosquito‐on‐human‐skin recognition system with a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Ong Song‐Quan , Nair Gomesh , Yusof Umi Kalsom , Ahmad Hamdan
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Public community engagement is crucial for mosquito surveillance programs. To support community participation, one of the approaches is assisting the public in recognizing the mosquitoes that carry pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to build an automatic recognition system to identify mosquitos at the public community level. We construct a customized image dataset consisting of three mosquito species in either damaged or un‐damaged body conditions. To distinguish the mosquito in harsh conditions, we explore two state‐of‐the‐art deep learning (DL) architectures: (i) a freezing convolutional base, with partial trainable weights, and (ii) training the entire model with most of the trainable weights. We project a weighted feature map on different layers of the model to visualize the morphological region used by the model in classification and compared it with the morphological key used by the expert.

RESULT

It was found that the model with architecture two and the Adam optimizer achieves at least 98% accuracy in mosquito and conditions identification and when implemented on an independent dataset, the Xception model generalizes the best result with an accuracy of 0.7775 and 0.795 precision. Moreover, most of the morphological regions used by the model are able to match those of the human expert.

CONCLUSION

We report a customized DL model for performing pest mosquito taxonomy identification, and through visualization, some regions using computers to discriminate mosquito species could be adopted later in systematic identification. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Composition Dependence of Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Photodegradation Properties of Nanocrystalline NiO/CuO Heterostructured Powders
Authors: Tangcharoen Thanit , Klysubun Wantana , Kongmark Chanapa
Published: June 2022

Nanocrystalline NiO/CuO solid solutions and heterostructured powders are prepared by a sol–gel auto combustion method. Herein, the NiO/CuO compounds at various molar ratio, including 100/0, 97.5/2.5, 95/5, 92.5/7.5, 90/10, 80/20, 50/50, 20/80, 10/90, 5/95 and 0/100, are investigated. The structures, morphologies, optical, and magnetic properties of all samples are explored. The detailed structures of the NiO/CuO system are deduced from Rietveld refinements of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data and the combination of experimental and simulation studies of X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectra. It is found that a small addition of CuO in NiO enhances the formation of rock salt CuxNi1–xO solid solutions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1. The NiO/CuO composites with CuO mole fractions (m) of 20% ≤ m ≤ 95% are affirmed by the coexistence of NiO rock salt and CuO tenorite phases. The composites rich in CuO exhibit strong adsorption in the visible and ultraviolet spectral regions, while the absorption of composites rich in NiO is absent in certain regions of visible and infrared light. In addition, the superparamagnetism of NiO can be tuned to ferromagnetism by a small addition of CuO. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of rhodamine B, methylene blue, methyl orange, and methyl red over NiO/CuO reach 92%–97% within a period of 150 min under sunlight irradiation.
Evidence for Rosa damascena efficacy in mental disorders in preclinical animal studies and clinical trials: A systematic review
Authors: Mohamadi Neda , Pourkorrani Mohammad Hossein Sotoudeh , Langarizadeh Mohammad Amin , Ranjbartavakoli Marziye , Sharififar Fariba , Asgary Sedigheh
Published: June 2022

The aim of this systematic review was to identify animal preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials that looked at the effects of R. damascena in any form on different mental diseases. Up to September 2021, the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane trials, as well as SID and MagIran, were searched. This study included 10 animal studies. Except for one research, the rest of the studies confirmed the positive effects of the plant in treatment of mental disorders. A total of 38 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Individuals who have encountered various sorts of mental problems, such as anxiety, sleep disturbance, and depressive disorder, were studied. R. damascena essential oil (EO), essence, extract, and dried plant were used in aromatherapy and oral administration. A decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity, induction of neurotransmitters, induction of nerve growth factors by neurogenesis and synaptogenesis mechanisms, a decrease in prolactin and an increase in noradrenaline, estradiol, and progesterone secretion are some of the mechanisms of action. In general, R. damascena is an effective herb for the treatment of mental disorders. However, further research timing and duration of intervention are needed to extrapolate the findings.
Failure modes in cedar tree revetments: Observations on rivers and streams in eastern Kansas, USA
Authors: Shelley John , Haring Christopher , Chrisman Nathan
Published: June 2022

A cedar tree revetment is a bioengineering technique intended to stabilize eroding stream banks using longitudinally placed cedar trees. This technique, which has been implemented on many rivers and streams across the United States, has been proposed as a less expensive, ecologically compatible bank stabilization method. The limited documentation of these types of bioengineering techniques indicates high failure rates. River engineers need to understand the potential failure modes of cedar tree revetments, so they can take appropriate countermeasures when applying this technique. This article documents four common failure modes observed during post‐project site assessments on 12 streams in eastern Kansas, USA that took place in 2019 and 2020. These modes are (1) bed degradation with structure perching, (2) failure in flexion, (3) loose cables, and (4) lack of sediment infilling. Computed factors of safety for top of bank discharge range from 0.3 to 6.0 in flexion (bending stress vs. strength) and range from 1.7 to 40.1 for anchor forces vs. anchor strength. These factors of safety suggest that failure in flexion is an important failure mechanism that should be considered and mitigated during design of cedar tree revetments. Moreover, failure rate varies directly with project age. The authors hypothesize that progressive processes such as breaking of bankside branches may cause loose cables and cyclical loading and wetting/drying may lower the bending strength of the trees over time. Avoiding degrading streams, additional anchoring, and trimming the bank‐side branches of the cedar trees are suggested as means to reduce these types of failures.
Prepare a crisis communications response plan for handling complex legal, reputational issues
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2022

Behind every legal issue facing your student affairs department are communications issues that need to be addressed. The way you choose to address these issues will influence how they're perceived by others, whether such issues might become entangled in the legal process, and the potential reputational damage to your department and institution. That's according to James F. Haggerty, J.D., Crisis Communications Consultant and President and CEO of PRCG/Haggerty LLC, a strategic communications firm, and the author of Chief Crisis Officer: Structure and Leadership for Effective Communications Response and In the Court of Public Opinion: Winning Strategies for Litigation Communications. He spoke at Stetson University's National Conference on Law and Higher Education.
New Approach Synthesis of S, N Co‐Doped Graphenes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Arvas Melih Besir , Gürsu Hurmus , Gencten Metin , Sahin Yucel
Published: June 2022

In this study, S, N co‐doped graphene‐based electrodes were synthesized by a one‐step, environmentally friendly and low−Cost method known as Yucel's method in the solutions consisting of different concentration ratios of sulfuric and nitric acids and different cycles in the certain potential range for the first time in the literature. The prepared S, N co‐doped graphene‐based electrodes were characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic and electrochemical methods. In electrochemical characterization, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used. The supercapacitor performances were examined by cyclic charge‐discharge tests of the electrodes in the specified supporting electrolyte solution. Areal capacitance values varied from 71.48 mF.cm−2 to 893.2 mF.cm−2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the prepared electrodes.
γ‐Valerolactone/H2O‐ Derived Facile Preparation of Lignin‐Based AgNPs to Full Utilization of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Li Shengren , Xue Yuyuan , Hao Baolin , Yang Taowei , Zhang Yan , Shen Qi
Published: June 2022

Lignin‐based functional material has become an important way to realize the high‐value utilization of lignin. However, the unstable performance limited its practical application, resulting from the inherent heterogeneity and uncertain extraction process of lignin. Here, a coupling process of the preparation of lignin‐based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and carbohydrate refining was presented to realize the facile and stable preparation of AgNPs from lignocellulose, of which γ‐Valerolactone (GVL)/H2O was used both as the extraction solvent of lignin and the catalyst for AgNPs synthesis in Ag2O/lignin system. The reaction rules and behaviors of AgNPs were systematically studied. Meanwhile, the separation rate of hemicellulose could exceed 90 % and a high‐purity cellulose of 95.12 % was obtained. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of residual cellulose from corncob was close to 71 %. The reliability of different biomass sources was also verified. This work provided a potential solution for improving the economic benefits of lignocellulose refining.
Dual Proton Conducting Channels Constructed by Acid‐Base Double‐Shell Carbon Nanotubes to Boost the Proton Conductivity of SPEEK
Authors: Yang Mengjie , Rong Jianxin , Xia Minglong , Wang Shuo , Feng Yi , Ding Huili
Published: June 2022

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) has been widely investigated as a substitution of commercial Nafion as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). However, the disadvantages such as shrinkage of proton transfer channels at high temperature and low humidity conditions cannot be neglected. In this manuscript, the carboxyl and imidazole double‐shelled carbon nanotubes(CNTs−C@N) was incorporated into the SPEEK matrix to fabricate composite PEM (denoted as SPEEK/CNTs−C@N−Y, Y is the percentage composition of CNTs−C@N), serving as one‐dimensional fillers. SPEEK/CNTs−C@N‐1.0 composite membrane performed a higher horizontal proton conductivity (0.302 S/cm) under 80 °C and 100 % relative humidity (RH) compared with original SPEEK membrane 0.181 S/cm. The high proton conductivity could be mainly attributed to the dual proton conducting channel formed by two types of acid‐base pairs, which immensely promote the Grotthuss mechanism. Therefore, SPEEK/CNTs−C@N composite membranes are expected to develop PEMs with high proton conductivity at high temperature and low humidity.
Bismuth, a Previously Less‐studied Element, Is Bursting into New Hotspots
Authors: Xin Yanmei , Wang Zhuo , Yao Congfei , Shen Haocheng , Miao Yuqing
Published: June 2022

Bismuth (Bi) is a particular element with many distinctive properties such as low toxicity or nontoxicity, high specific gravity, photoluminescence, photoelectronic and photovoltaic effects, strong oxidation ability, water insolubility, etc. These distinctive properties help to boost various applications of Bi. The recent decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the application research of Bi‐based materials, especially on photocatalysis. This paper begins with an introduction to the history of Bi, followed by a summary of its distinctive properties, and then provides a comprehensive overview of its applications in photocatalysis, sensing, medicine, and diagnosis and treatments, with a particular focus on near‐infrared photocatalysis, flexible wearable sensor, in vivo detection and therapeutics. Finally, the main challenges and development prospects of the Bi‐based materials are introduced. With the development trends of Bi research discussed, this paper is aimed at improving the knowledge of Bi and arising the research interest of Bi in the hope of extending the applications of Bi.
Interface Engineering to Boost Thermal Safety of Microsized Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Qing , Meng Tao , Yu Le , Guo Songtao , Hu Yunhuan , Liu Zhifang , Hu Xianluo
Published: June 2022

Battery safety is vital to the application of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), especially for high energy density cells applied in electric vehicles. As an anode material with high theoretical capacity and natural abundance, Si has received extensive attention for LIBs. However, it suffers from severe electrode pulverization during cycling due to large volume changes and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), resulting in accelerated capacity fading and even safety hazards. Therefore, safe and long‐term cycling of Si‐based anodes, especially under high‐temperature cycling, is highly challenging for state‐of‐the‐art high‐energy LIBs. The thermal behavior of SEI is crucial for a high safety battery as the decomposition of SEI is the first step in thermal runaway. Here, highly reversible and thermotolerant microsized Si anodes for safe LIBs are demonstrated. Comprehensive electrochemical/mechanical/thermochemical behaviors of the SEI are systematically investigated. The rational design of robust SEI endows the Si‐based cells with long‐term durability at elevated temperatures and superior thermal safety. This work paves the way for designing industrial‐scale, low‐cost, microsized Si anodes with applications in next‐generation LIBs with high energy densities and high safety.
Multiple Effects Induced by Mo6+ Doping in BiVO4 Photoanodes
Authors: Polo Annalisa , Dozzi Maria Vittoria , Grigioni Ivan , Lhermitte Charles , Plainpan Nukorn , Moretti Luca , Cerullo Giulio , Sivula Kevin , Selli Elena
Published: June 2022

Mo6+ doping increases the photoelectrochemical performance of BiVO4 photoanodes in water oxidation. Herein, the underlying mechanisms is elucidated through a systematic structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical investigation on photoelectrodes of pure and Mo6+ doped BiVO4 prepared by a novel multistep spin‐coating deposition approach, leading to multilayer flat films with high optical transparency. Transient absorption spectroscopy in the nano‐ to microsecond time scale reveals a longer lifetime of photogenerated holes in the doped films. Besides confirming that Mo6+ ions improve the electron transport in the material bulk, impedance spectroscopy also reveals the crucial role of the dopant on the surface properties of BiVO4 photoanodes. The presence of intra‐bandgap states, acting as traps of photogenerated charge carriers in pure BiVO4, is detected through the build‐up of the interfacial surface state capacitance. The limited activity of pure BiVO4 in water oxidation is largely improved upon 3 at% Mo6+ incorporation, ensuring a more efficient charge carrier transport with respect to pure BiVO4, together with the beneficial passivation of its trap surface states.
Top‐Contacts‐Interface Engineering for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cell With Reducing Lead Leakage
Authors: Bi Huan , Han Gaoyi , Guo Mengna , Ding Chao , Hayase Shuzi , Zou Hanjun , Shen Qing , Guo Yao , Hou Wenjing
Published: June 2022

Though great achievements have been realized in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), there are still some thorny challenges that exist such as: 1) How to minimize the interfacial nonradiative recombination losses; 2) How to balance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and environmental friendliness of the PSCs. Here, effective top‐contacts‐interface engineering is developed via using a new multi‐active site Lewis base molecule named emtricitabine (FTC). Both, experimental and theoretical results confirm that a strong chemical interaction exists between FTC and Pb2+. After FTC treatment, the perovskite thin film has the lower density of defect than the control film, meanwhile, the interfacial hole extraction becomes better due to the more matched energy level. Upon the FTC passivation, the PCE of the PSCs is improved from 20.83% to 22.24%. Simultaneously, the humidity stability of the PSCs is improved after the FTC modification. Last but not least, the unpackaged target film showed less lead leakage than the control film.
The role of satisfaction in labor diaspora dynamics: An analysis of BREXIT effects
Authors: Elo Maria , Silva Susana C. , Vlačić Božidar
Published: June 2022

In diaspora research, people's international mobility is often understood as a response to pull‐push forces on an economic macro‐level or as part of diasporic waves. However, labor diaspora formations are also influenced by micro‐level (i.e., individual perceptions) drivers related to work per se, such as satisfaction. This explorative qualitative study takes a novel angle and focuses on the role of Portuguese nurses’ satisfaction with the evaluation of the Brexit scenario and its effects on this labor diaspora's mobility and stability. The findings illustrate that satisfaction, although affected by uncertainty, mainly relates to perceived working conditions and legislation and the possibilities to communicate with locals and other diasporans. This paper provides suggestions for future research and contributes to the development of theory on staying and human stickiness, explaining the dynamics of exit and entry in (re‐)migration decision making.
Superior results of return to sport after double-bundle versus single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in young active patients
Authors: Qin Liang , You Hongbo , Qi Jun , Ren Ye , Cheng Peng , Liang Shuang , Wang Jiang
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To compare return to sport and clinical results in young active patients who underwent anatomic single-bundle (SB) versus double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

Young active patients undergoing SB or DB ACLR from 2017 to 2019 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome measures were the rate and time to return to sports, with secondary measures including the Lachman test, pivot shift test, Lysholm scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores and graft rupture.

Results

The study included a total of 90 patients (DB group, 42; SB group, 48), with a mean follow-up of 27.1 ± 6.1 months. Young active patients who underwent DB ACLR had a higher rate of return to pivoting sports than those who underwent SB ACLR (HR = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 4.1; p = 0.013). The DB group returned to pivoting sports at a mean ± SD of 11.0 ± 2.9 months compared with 12.7 ± 2.7 months in the SB group (p = 0.01). There was one traumatic failure in the SB group and one contralateral ACL rupture in the DB group. There was no significant difference in the rate and time to return to running, Lachman test, pivot-shift test, Lysholm or IKDC scores in either group.

Conclusion

Both anatomical SB and DB techniques achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes. DB techniques led to superior performance of return to pivoting sports but nonsignificant differences in time and rate of return to running, passive stability measurement, subjective knee function outcome and graft rupture rate in both groups at the 2-year follow-up. The DB ACLR should be considered a viable option to treat young patients with high activity demands.

Level of evidence

III.
An effective restriction theorem via wall-crossing and Mercat’s conjecture
Authors: Feyzbakhsh Soheyla
Published: June 2022

We prove an effective restriction theorem for stable vector bundlesEon a smooth projective variety:$$E|_D$$E|Dis (semi)stable for all irreducible divisors$$D \in |kH|$$D∈|kH|for allkgreater than an explicit constant. As an application, we show that Mercat’s conjecture in any rank greater than 2 fails for curves lying on K3 surfaces. Our technique is to use wall-crossing with respect to (weak) Bridgeland stability conditions which we also use to reprove Camere’s result on slope stability of the tangent bundle of$${\mathbb {P}}^n$$Pnrestricted to a K3 surface.
Bedingungen einer neuen ökologischen Industriepolitik
Authors: Praetorius Barbara , Dierker Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

Zur Erreichung der globalen Klimaziele ist eine drastische Emissionsminderung in allen Sektoren wie Energiewirtschaft, Gebäude, Verkehr und Landwirtschaft notwendig. Zudem spielt die Industrie hierbei eine zentrale Rolle. Neben der Emissionsminderung in der eigenen Produktion hat die Industrie die Aufgabe, klimaneutrale Produkte und emissionsfreie Produktionsverfahren hervorzubringen. Mit Hilfe einer neuen ökologischen Industriepolitik soll die Umgestaltung der Wirtschaft hin zur Klimaneutralität gelingen.
Multiple kernel-based anchor graph coupled low-rank tensor learning for incomplete multi-view clustering
Authors: Wang Senhong , Cao Jiangzhong , Lei Fangyuan , Jiang Jianjian , Dai Qingyun , Ling Bingo Wing-Kuen
Published: June 2022

Incomplete Multi-View Clustering (IMVC) attempts to give an optimal clustering solution for incomplete multi-view data that suffer from missing instances in certain views. However, most existing IMVC methods still have various drawbacks in practical applications, such as arbitrary incomplete scenarios cannot be handled; the computational cost is relatively high; most valuable nonlinear relations among samples are often ignored; complementary information among views is not sufficiently exploited. To address the above issues, in this paper, we present a novel and flexible unified graph learning framework, called Multiple Kernel-based Anchor Graph coupled low-rank Tensor learning for Incomplete Multi-View Clustering (MKAGT_IMVC), whose goal is to adaptively learn the optimal unified similarity matrix from all incomplete views. Specifically, according to the characteristics of incomplete multi-view data, MKAGT_IMVC innovatively improves an anchor selection strategy. Then, a novel cross-view anchor graph fusion mechanism is introduced to construct multiple fused complete anchor graphs, which captures more the intra-view and inter-view nonlinear relations. Moreover, a graph learning model combining low-rank tensor constraint and consensus graph constraint is developed, where all fused complete anchor graphs are regarded as prior knowledge to initialize this model. Extensive experiments conducted on eight incomplete multi-view datasets clearly show that our method delivers superior performance relative to some state-of-the-art methods in terms of clustering ability and time-consuming.
Statistical Analysis in the German National Cohort (NAKO) – Specific Aspects and General Recommendations
Authors: Kuss Oliver , Becher Heiko , Wienke Andreas , Ittermann Till , Ostrzinski Stefan , Schipf Sabine , Schmidt Carsten O , Leitzmann Michael , Pischon Tobias , Krist Lilian , Roll Stephanie , Sand Matthias , Pohlabeln Hermann , Rach Stefan , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Stang Andreas , Mueller Ulrich A , Werdecker Andrea , Westerman Ronny , Greiser Karin H , Michels Karin B
Published: June 2022

The German National Cohort (NAKO) is an ongoing, prospective multicenter cohort study, which started recruitment in 2014 and includes more than 205,000 women and men aged 19–74 years. The study data will be available to the global research community for analyses. Although the ultimate decision about the analytic methods will be made by the respective investigator, in this paper we provide the basis for a harmonized approach to the statistical analyses in the NAKO. We discuss specific aspects of the study (e.g., data collection, weighting to account for the sampling design), but also give general recommendations which may apply to other large cohort studies as well.
Informing environmental health and risk priorities through local outreach and extension
Authors: Grieger Khara , Cummings Christopher L.
Published: June 2022

Our society is currently facing an unprecedented number of environmental and societal challenges. Stakeholder and community engagement can help identify priority issues and needs at local levels. One approach to engage stakeholders and communities in the contexts of environmental, health, and societal challenges is to leverage outreach and extension programs. Within this context, and to help identify priority issues to focus subsequent research and extension programs in North Carolina (NC), a survey was conducted with extension agents to identify priority issues as they relate to environmental health and risks and related needs. Based on responses from 66 study participants that represented half of the 100 NC counties, we found that Water pollution, Flooding, Natural resources management, and Engaging stakeholders were top priority issues across all environmental health and risk topics. Participants also identified that practices of Engaging stakeholders as well as Assessing, Managing, and Communicating risks were increasingly important. Participants indicated they needed a moderate-to-significant amount of guidance across a range of areas related to assessing, managing, communicating, and making decisions regarding environmental health and risk topics, as well as engaging with local communities. Outcomes from this work can not only help inform subsequent research and outreach efforts at local scales, but this work demonstrates a simple, low-cost approach to elicit perspectives and priorities can be leveraged in other states and regions with established stakeholder and community outreach programs more broadly.
Multiple Treatment Modeling for Target Marketing Campaigns: A Large-Scale Benchmark Study
Authors: Gubela Robin M. , Lessmann Stefan , Stöcker Björn
Published: June 2022

Machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) promise higher degrees of personalization and enhanced efficiency in marketing communication. The paper focuses on causal ML/AI models for campaign targeting. Such models estimate the change in customer behavior due to a marketing action known as the individual treatment effect (ITE) or uplift. ITE estimates capture the value of a marketing action when applied to a specific customer and facilitate effective and efficient targeting. We consolidate uplift models for multiple treatments and continuous outcomes and perform a benchmarking study to demonstrate their potential to target promotional monetary campaigns. In this use case, the new models facilitate selecting the optimal discount amount to offer to a customer. Large-scale analysis based on eight marketing data sets from leading B2C retailers confirms the significant gains in the campaign return on marketing when using the new models compared to relevant model benchmarks and conventional marketing practices.
Complications and Healthcare Consumption of Pregnant Women with a Migrant Background: Could There be an Association with Psychological Distress?
Authors: Heller Hanna M. , de Vries Annemijn V. R. , Hoogendoorn Adriaan W. , Scheele Fedde , Kop Willem J. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Honig Adriaan , Broekman Birit F. P.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Previous studies reported less prenatal healthcare consumption and more perinatal complications in women with a migrant background. Hence, we investigated in a country with free healthcare access whether women with a migrant background differed with respect to pregnancy complications, healthcare consumption and in terms of associations with psychological distress in comparison to native Dutch.

Methods

We included 324 native Dutch and 303 women with a migrant background, who visited two hospitals in Amsterdam for antenatal care between 2014 and 2015. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale, and sociodemographic questions. Complications and healthcare consumption during pregnancy were extracted from medical records. Regression analyses were used with adjustment for covariates.

Results

Except for gestational diabetes [adjusted OR = 3.09; 95% CI = (1.51, 6.32)], no differences were found between groups in perinatal complications [OR = 1.15; 95% CI = (0.80, 1.64)], nor in healthcare consumption [OR = 0.87; 95% CI = (0.63, 1.19)].

Women with a migrant background reported more depressive symptoms [Cohen’s d = 0.25; 95% CI = (0.10, 0.41)], even after adjustment for socio-economic factors. Psychological distress was associated with more hospital admissions during pregnancy. When experiencing depressive symptoms, women with a migrant background had an increased risk to be admitted [OR = 1.11; 95% CI = (1.01, 1.21)].

Conclusions for Practice

This cohort study found no differences in pregnancy-related complications, except for diabetes, nor different healthcare consumption, in women with a migrant background versus native Dutch, in a country with free health care access. However, women with a migrant background experienced more depressive symptoms, and when depressed their risk for hospital admission increased. Additional research is warranted to improve healthcare for this population.
Detection of two poleroviruses infecting garlic (Allium sativum) in Australia
Authors: Nurulita Sari , Geering Andrew D. W. , Crew Kathleen S. , Harper Stephen M. , Thomas John E.
Published: June 2022

Two near complete polerovirus genomes were assembled using high throughput sequencing (HTS) data from two separate samples of garlic cultivar ‘Glenlarge’ grown in Gatton, Queensland, Australia. Whole genome sequence comparisons showed that one contig shared 96.7% nucleotide identity with phasey bean mild yellows virus (MT966032.1) and the other, 99.8% nucleotide identity with turnip yellows virus (MT586581.1). Phylogenetic analyses further revealed that the isolates fell within the PBMYV group 2 and TuYV group 2 clades, respectively. This is the first report of these poleroviruses infecting garlic.
The role of eating disorders features, psychopathology, and defense mechanisms in the comprehension of orthorexic tendencies
Authors: Costanzo Giulia , Marchetti Daniela , Manna Giovanna , Verrocchio Maria Cristina , Falgares Giorgio
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Recent studies pointed out the importance to distinguish orthorexia nervosa (ON) from non-problematic forms of interest with healthy eating. This distinction needs to be further explored since it may favor a better comprehension of the relationship between orthorexic behaviors and psychopathology and lead to an improved understanding of the psychological processes implicated in ON. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between ON and the core features of eating disorders (EDs), psychopathological symptoms and defense mechanisms, by differentiating three groups of individuals: an ON symptoms group, a healthy-eating control group, and a normal-eating control group.

Methods

College students (n = 270, Mage = 21.57, SD = 2.16) were recruited from Palermo’s University, in the south of Italy, and were assigned to three groups: 52 in the ON symptoms group, 157 in the healthy-eating control group and 61 in the normal-eating control group. Participants completed four questionnaires assessing ON (EHQ-21), eating psychopathology (EDI-3), psychopathological symptoms (BSI) and defense mechanisms (DSQ-40).

Results

Compared to the control groups, the ON symptoms group reported greater EDs’ features, higher psychopathological symptoms and greater employment of different neurotic and immature defense mechanisms. No differences were found between groups with regard to obsessive–compulsive symptoms.

Conclusion

Our findings support the notion that ON behaviors should be carefully distinguished from non-problematic forms of interest with healthy eating. Indeed, results suggest that ON individuals are characterized by similar clinical features and defensive functioning as those observed in traditional EDs, indicating the importance of deepening our understanding of the relationship between these conditions.

Level of evidence

Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
AttenSy-SNER: software knowledge entity extraction with syntactic features and semantic augmentation information
Authors: Tang Mingjing , Li Tong , Gao Wei , Xia Yu
Published: June 2022

Software knowledge community contains a large scale of software knowledge entity information, complex structure and rich semantic correlations. It is significant to recognize and extract software knowledge entity from software knowledge community, as it has great impact on entity-centric tasks such as software knowledge graph construction, software document generation and expert recommendation. Since the texts of the software knowledge community are unstructured by user-generated texts, it is difficult to apply the traditional entity extraction method in the domain of the software knowledge community due to the problems of entity variation, entity sparsity, entity ambiguity, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and the lack of annotated data sets. This paper proposes a novel software knowledge entity extraction model, named AttenSy-SNER, which integrates syntactic features and semantic augmentation information, to extract fine-grained software knowledge entities from unstructured user-generated content. The input representation layer utilizes Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model to extract the feature representation of the input sequence. The contextual coding layer leverages the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network and Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for contextual information and syntactic dependency information, and a semantic augmentation strategy based on attention mechanism is introduced to enrich the semantic feature representation of sequences as well. The tag decoding layer leverages Conditional Random Fields (CRF) to solve the dependency between the output tags and obtain the global optimal label sequence. The results of model comparison experiments show that the proposed model has better performance than the benchmark model in software engineering domain.
A methodology to engineering continuous monitoring of intrinsic capacity for elderly people
Authors: Bellandi Valerio , Ceravolo Paolo , Damiani Ernesto , Maghool Samira , Cesari Matteo , Basdekis Ioannis , Iliadou Eleftheria , Marzan Mircea Dan
Published: June 2022

Continuous monitoring of the well-being state of elderly people is about to become an urgent need in the early future due to population aging. Aiming a unified notion of well-being, we find the Intrinsic Capacity concept in accordance with the SMART BEAR project goals. In this study, we mainly focus on the enabling infrastructure, mapping our models to interoperable repositories and to streaming/computing components that can foster monitoring. Our method is also innovative for explicitly combining personalized and risk levels in generating the Intrinsic Capacity score. Leveraging on synthetic data, we represent the outcome trajectories of some sample patients for 1-year continuous monitoring and discuss approaches to characterize them based on the exhibited tendency and evaluate the results from the predictability point of view providing by the entropy of time series concept. At the end, we discuss the possible data quality issues in health care studies using synthetic data.
Evaluation of the “Three Steps in Screening for Dyslexia” Assessment Protocol Designed for New Zealand Teachers
Authors: Sleeman Mike , Everatt John , Arrow Alison , Denston Amanda
Published: June 2022

Traditionally, the New Zealand Ministry of Education opposed the recognition of dyslexia. However, since 2007, the Ministry of Education’s position has started to change, evidenced by the development of a working definition. In 2021 the Ministry of Education released Three Steps in Screening for Dyslexia (TSSD), an assessment protocol designed to support teachers to screen for dyslexia. The current research evaluated the TSSD with a sample of 209 children in Years 4 to 6 (8–10 years-of-age) from New Zealand. The research investigated whether children could be accurately classified using tests from the TSSD, whether the three-step protocol described in the TSSD was a valid assessment approach, and what effect operationalising the term average at different cut-off points had on dyslexia screening. Children were classified using two cluster analyses. The first analysis was based on tests from the Woodcock Johnson IV and the second analysis was based on tests from the TSSD. Subsequent analyses investigated specific aspects of the TSSD protocol, including its sequential design and the placement of cut-off points. Results revealed a number of limitations to the TSSD approach. The authors discuss three changes that could be made to improve the validity and reliability of the TSSD, including a broader assessment of the decoding and language comprehension constructs; directing teachers to assess both decoding and language comprehension, irrespective of a child’s language comprehension ability; and placing a greater emphasis on discrepancy bands over cut-off points.
Teaching phronesis to aspiring police officers: some preliminary philosophical, developmental and pedagogical reflections
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján
Published: June 2022

According to Aristotle, the crucial meta-virtue of phronesis (practical wisdom) is cultivated through teaching and experience. But he remains mostly silent on the details of this developmental picture and its educational ramifications. This article focuses on the ‘taught’ element of phronesis development in the context of police ethics education. I begin by piecing together the developmental trajectory that Aristotle suggests towards full virtue, up to and including phronesis development. I also briefly list ten potential weaknesses of this picture. I then present a reconstructed Aristotelian model of phronesis and explain how the teaching element of phronesis education could be executed, with an illustration from an ongoing phronesis intervention for UK police-science students. However, I go on to dampen the enthusiasm about this ‘taught’ component, by explaining how relatively small the ‘zone of proximal development’ is that can be targeted by scaffolded teaching. Finally, I elicit some implications of the conclusion that most of phronesis development will need to be ‘caught’ from gradually unfolding personal and professional experiences.
COVID, crisis, and unordinary order: A critical analysis of Australia’s JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme as an exceptional measure
Authors: Goding Vincent
Published: June 2022

Carl Schmitt’s famous articulation of the relation between sovereignty and the exception emphasises not simply the basis for a suspension of the law in a state of emergency, but the role of the sovereign in deciding upon the existence of the ‘normal situation’, the ‘everyday frame of life’ which the law requires to function. Our pandemic times have included extreme biopolitical measures deployed to manage the health crisis, but also unprecedented political responses to regularise or stabilise the economic order. One example is Australia’s historic JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme. As law, it was given life by an executive power predicated on nationhood and enlivened by crisis. As policy, it was intended to help businesses retain workers through targeted, proportionate support. In reality, it also provided significant protections and even windfalls to corporations and their investors, leading to critiques of the scheme as corporate welfare. However, rather than highlighting deficiencies of the JobKeeper programme, these outcomes underscore its ultimate function. This article analyses the relationship between norm, exception, and order in the context of Australia’s flagship economic-policy response to the pandemic. First, by analysing the mutually constitutive relationship between norm and exception, employing the theories of Carl Schmitt and Giorgio Agamben. Second, by critically examining the legislative basis for JobKeeper, its political narrative and practical outcomes. Third, by demonstrating that the scheme, though an extraordinary departure from policy, can be understood as fundamentally a different and exceptional method to secure and reproduce our neoliberal corporate order in a state of exception.
Seeking optimization of LT4 treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Stramazzo Ilaria , Capriello Silvia , Antonelli Alessandro , Fallahi Poupak , Centanni Marco , Virili Camilla
Published: June 2022

Levothyroxine sodium (LT4) is the mainstay treatment to replace thyroid hormonal production in thyroidectomized patients, but, depending on the aggressiveness of the cancer and on the risk of recurrence, patients with differentiated thyroid cancer may also be treated in a TSH-suppressive or semi-suppressive mode. The pathophysiological rationale for this LT4 treatment stems from the role of TSH, considered to be a growth factor for follicular cells, potentially inducing initiation or progression of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Therefore, accurate tailoring of treatment, taking into account both patient characteristics (age and comorbidities) and risk of persistent/recurrent disease, is highly recommended. Furthermore, adjustments to traditional LT4 treatment should be made in thyroidectomized patients due to the lack of thyroidal contribution to whole body triiodothyronine (T3) concentration. Since LT4 exhibits a narrow therapeutic index and the side effects of over- and under-treatment could be deleterious, particularly in this category of patients, caution is required in dose individualization, in the mode of ingestion, and in potential pharmacological and other types of interference as well. Our aim was to analyze the current knowledge concerning LT4 dose requirements in patients with thyroid cancer according to different therapeutic approaches, taking into account a number of factors causing interference with LT4 efficacy. Specific mention is also made about the use of the novel LT4 formulations.
Numerical Experiments on Extreme Waves Through Oblique–Soliton Interactions
Authors: Choi J. , Bokhove O. , Kalogirou A. , Kelmanson M. A.
Published: June 2022

Extreme water-wave motion is investigated analytically and numerically by considering two-soliton and three-soliton interactions on a horizontal plane. We successfully determine numerically that soliton solutions of the unidirectional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (KPE), with equal far-field individual amplitudes, survive reasonably well in the bidirectional and higher-order Benney–Luke equations (BLE). A well-known exact two-soliton solution of the KPE on the infinite horizontal plane is used to seed the BLE at an initial time, and we confirm that the KPE-fourfold amplification approximately persists. More interestingly, a known three-soliton solution of the KPE is analysed further to assess its eight- or ninefold amplification, the latter of which exists in only a special and difficult-to-attain limit. This solution leads to an extreme splash at one point in space and time. Subsequently, we seed the BLE with this three-soliton solution at a suitable initial time to establish the maximum amplification: it is approximately 7.8 for a KPE amplification of 8.4. Herein, the computational domain and solutions are truncated approximately to a fully periodic or half-periodic channel geometry of sufficient size, essentially leading to cnoidal-wave solutions. Moreover, special geometric (finite-element) variational integrators in space and time have been used in order to eradicate artificial numerical damping of, in particular, wave amplitude.
Weeds and the Carolingians
Authors: Squatriti Paolo
Published: June 2022

Why did weeds matter in the Carolingian empire? What was their special significance for writers in eighth- and ninth-century Europe and how was this connected with the growth of real weeds? In early medieval Europe, unwanted plants that persistently appeared among crops created extra work, reduced productivity, and challenged theologians who believed God had made all vegetation good. For the first time, in this book weeds emerge as protagonists in early medieval European history, driving human farming strategies and coloring people's imagination. Early medieval Europeans' effort to create agroecosystems that satisfied their needs and cosmologies that confirmed Christian accounts of vegetable creation both had to come to terms with unruly plants. Using diverse kinds of texts, fresh archaeobotanical data, and even mosaics, this interdisciplinary study reveals how early medieval Europeans interacted with their environments.
Learning Vocabulary in Another Language
Authors: Nation I. S. P.
Published: June 2022

Vocabulary is now well recognized as an important focus in language teaching and learning. Now in its third edition, this book provides an engaging, authoritative guide to the teaching and learning of vocabulary in another language. It contains descriptions of numerous vocabulary learning strategies, which are supported by reference to experimental research, case studies, and teaching experience. It also describes what vocabulary learners need to know to be effective language users. This new edition has been updated to incorporate the wealth of research that has come out of the past decade. It also includes a new chapter on out of-classroom learning, which explores the effect of the Internet and electronic resources on learning. This vital resource for all vocabulary researchers shows that by taking a systematic approach to vocabulary learning, teachers can make the best use of class time and help learners get the best return for their learning effort.
The Late Modernist Novel
Authors: Im Seo Hee
Published: June 2022

The Late Modernist Novel explores how the novel reinvented itself for a Modernist age, a world riven by war and capitalist expansion. Seo Hee Im argues that the Anglophone novel first had to disassociate itself from the modern nation-state and, by extension, national history, which had anchored the genre from its very inception. Existing studies of modernism show how the novel responded to the crisis in the national idea. Polyglot high modernists experimented with cosmopolitanism and multilingualism on the level of style, while the late modernists retreated to a literary nativism. This book explores a younger generation of writers that incorporated empirical structures as theme and form to expand the genre beyond the nation-state.
The Creative Trance
Authors: Zausner Tobi
Published: June 2022

In those moments when focus on creative work overrides input from the outside world, we are in a creative trance. This psychologically significant altered state of consciousness is inherent in everyone. It can take the form of daydreams generating scientific or creative ideas, hyperfocus in sports, visualizations that impact entire civilizations, life-changing audience experiences, or meditations for self-transformation that may access states beyond trance, becoming gateways to transcendence. Artist and psychologist Tobi Zausner shows how creative trance not only operates in scientific inventions and works of art in all media, but is also important in creating and recreating the self. Drawing on insights from cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology and post-materialist psychology, this book investigates the diversity of the creative trance ranging from non-industrial societies to digital urban life, and its presence in people from all backgrounds and abilities. Finally, Zausner investigates the future of trance in our rapidly changing world.