bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wood-loving magic mushrooms from Australia are saprotrophic invaders in the northern hemisphere
Authors: McTaggart Alistair , Scarlett Kelly , Slot Jason , Barlow Caine , Appleyard Chris , Gardiner Donald , Fechner Nigel , Tilden Jan , Hass David , Voogelbreinder Snu , Lording William , Lloyd Rhys , Shuey Louise , Drenth Andre , James Tim
Published: November 2023

Magic mushrooms are fungi that produce psilocybin, a compound with
breakthrough status for treatment of mental health disorders.
Wood-degrading species of Psilocybe, such as P.
subaeruginosa and relatives, have high concentrations of psilocybin but
are discouraged for clinical production due to a temporary paralytic
side effect known as Wood Lover’s Paralysis, the cause of which is
unknown. We studied P. subaeruginosa over its partial
distribution in Australia based on genomic analyses of 89 isolates to
investigate population structure and species boundaries, examine allelic
diversity at psilocybin loci, and test its centre of origin.
Psilocybe subaeruginosa is structured by geography in Australia,
but geographically separated populations are fully sexually compatible.
Allelic diversity among populations, such as at mating compatibility
loci, is likely a result of genetic drift and minimal gene flow since
differentiation from a shared ancestor. Movement of woodchips, mulch, or
plants has most likely spread genotypes of P. subaeruginosa
locally within Australia and to the northern hemisphere. Species from
the northern hemisphere, namely P. azurescens and P.
cyanescens, clustered among Australian populations, indicating shared
ancestry and supporting a hypothesis these taxa are conspecific with
P. subaeruginosa. We identified high allelic diversity in genes
of the psilocybin metabolic pathway and haplotypes of P.
subaeruginosa with either one or two putatively functional paralogs of
psiH, however the functionality of this gene duplication is yet
to be determined. Our study provides insights into the evolutionary
history and species boundaries of P. subaeruginosa, which has a
centre of origin in Australasia.
Elevated systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with a high risk of stroke in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Shi Kaili , Zhang Nan , Ma Shuyin , Zhang Xiaodong , Duan Minyu , Zhang Mengyuan , Liu Yixin , Gao Tiantian , Yang Han , Ma Xiaodong , Huang Yizhou , Cheng Yuxuan , Qu Huiyang , Chen Mengying , Fan Jiaxin , Yao Qingling , Zhan Shuqin
Published: November 2023

Background: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is currently
considered as a potential new inflammatory marker, but its association
with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis has been poorly studied.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is
a correlation between SII and the risk of stroke in patients with ICA
stenosis or occlusion. Methods: A total of 302 participants (180
patients were symptomatic and 122 were asymptomatic) were enrolled in
this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to
determine independent risk factors for symptoms in patients with ICA
stenosis. Additional subgroup analyses were performed according to
degree of ICA stenosis. Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed
SII (OR=1.001, 95%CI: 1.000-1.002, P=0.035) and ICA stenosis (OR=1.993,
95%CI: 1.436-2.767, P<0.001) were independently associated
with symptoms in patients with ICA stenosis. Further analysis was
performed using the SII quartile, with the first quartile as the
reference, and the highest quartile SII level was significantly
associated with symptomatic ICA (P=0.022). Trend test (P=0.004) showed a
dose-response relationship between SII and the risk of symptoms in
patients with ICA stenosis. In the stenosis degree analysis subgroup,
SII was independently associated with symptoms in patients with severe
stenosis and occlusion, while no correlation was observed in patients
with moderate stenosis. Conclusions: Elevated SII levels were
independently associated with symptoms in patients with ICA stenosis.
Our findings suggest that SII may serve as a potential biomarker for
symptomatic development in patients with severe ICA stenosis or
occlusion.
Tinnitus is associated with increased extracellular matrix density in the auditory cortex
Authors: Tziridis Konstantin , Rasheed Jwan , Krauss Patrick , Schilling Achim , Schulze Holger
Published: November 2023

Most scientist agree that subjective tinnitus is the pathological result
of an interaction of damage to the peripheral auditory system and
central neuroplastic adaptations. Here we investigate such tinnitus
related adaptations in the primary auditory cortex (AC) 13 days after
noise trauma induction of tinnitus by quantifying the density of the
extracellular matrix (ECM) in the AC of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones
unguiculatus). The ECM density has been shown to be relevant for
neuroplastic processes and synaptic stability within the cortex. We
utilized a mild monaural acoustic noise trauma in 9 gerbils to induce
tinnitus and a sham exposure in 3 control animals. Tinnitus was assessed
by a behavioral response paradigm. Four of the trauma animals did show
tinnitus 13 days after trauma (T), the remaining 5 trauma (NT) and the 3
control animals (C) did not show the percept. The ECM density 13 days
after trauma was quantified using immunofluorescence luminance of
Wisteria floribunda lectin-fluoresceine-5-isothiocyanate (WFA-FITC) on
histological slices of the primary AC, relative to the non-auditory
brainstem as a reference area. We found that the WFA-FITC luminance of
the AC of NT animals was not significantly different from that of C
animals. However, we found a significant increase of luminance in T
animals’ ACs compared to NT or C animals’ cortices. This effect was
found exclusively on the AC side contralateral to the trauma ear. These
results point to a process of stabilization of synaptic connections in
primary AC, which may be involved in the chronic manifestation of
tinnitus.
Use of transillumination echocardiography in the assessment and diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Espinola-Zavaleta Nilda , Martinez-Dominguez Pavel , Luna-Alcala Santiago , Guerra Enrique C.
Published: November 2023

Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital heart defect.
Transthoracic echocardiogram is the initial tool to assess and diagnose
this condition, however, transesophageal echocardiogram with 3D
modalities, including transillumination have a better anatomical and
functional evaluation of the valve, allowing to classify the bicuspid
aortic valve according to the position of the raphe and assess the main
vessels for complications or exclude other cardiovascular diseases.
Evaluation Of The Potential Anticancer Activity Of Pyrazole-Acridine Derivative Synthesis In The SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: KUCUKBAGRIACIK Yusuf , ELMUSA Muna , ELMUSA Fatima , YILMAZ Humeyra , DASTOURI Mohammadreza
Published: November 2023

Pyrazole is a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic compound,
where nitrogen atoms are positioned at positions 1 and 2 within the
ring. Acridine, a nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compound. This
study aimed to synthesize a novel pyrazole-acridine derivative,
combining the structural elements of pyrazole and acridine into a single
molecule, with the objective of enhancing its anticancer activity. The
pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde derivative was cyclized with
5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione and 4-nitroaniline to synthesize the
pyrazole-acridine derivative (3-ACH). Characterization of the compound
FT-IR, NMR, HPLC-Q-Tof/MS and elemental analysis were used. In our
investigation, we assessed the cytotoxic impact of 3-ACH on SH-SY5Y
human neuroblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner (50, 100, and 150
μg/mL) and in a time-dependent (12, 24, and 48hours) manner using the
WST-1 test. The effects of 3-ACH on apoptosis were examined through
immunostaining of BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 proteins. The
results showed that the cytotoxicity of 3-ACH increased with doses and
exposure times. Moreover, we observed a significant upregulation in the
synthesis of BAX, Caspase-3,-8,-9 proteins. These findings suggest that
3-ACH has the potential to induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by
activating both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, which may
contribute to its cytotoxic effects. Our study supports 3-ACH as a
promising anticancer agent.
In the Cracks of Attention: ADHD, Vernacular Anthropologies and Communities of Care on TikTok
Authors: Austin Locke Toby
Published: November 2023

ADHD related content on TikTok has seen a surge in prominence, becoming the 7th most used public health related hashtag in October 2021. This growth of content has been accompanied by concern from the medical and psychiatric community regarding self-diagnosis and misinformation. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in online and offline settings with people who identify with the category of ADHD, discourses on the attention economy, and anthropological theories of traps, this article offers a framing of ADHD as a vernacular anthropology: a theory of being human in the contemporary world. ADHD, and related content on TikTok, is understood as an analytic category deployed in the collective understanding of human being and becoming in digitally entangled worlds, and a process of collective pedagogy concerning the conditions and possibilities of life. From this point of view, ADHD content on TikTok can be seen as the formation of pedagogical communities of care which emerge in the cracks of the attention economy and algorithmic agency.
Collaborative Possibilities: Reflections on the Experience of Teaching and Learning Anthropology.
Authors: Golebiowski Georgia , Liber Elena
Published: November 2023

This reflective piece considers the pedagogical possibilities presented by centering collaboration in the process of teaching and learning anthropology. This piece explores the intimate, lived experience of an undergraduate student who completed their degree whilst participating in the TikTok Ethnography Collective. Written as an exchange between student and teacher, this piece reflects on what this experience might mean for how we can rethink the relationship between student and teacher, theory and method, teaching and learning, and what it might mean to truly collaborate within the academy.
Medieval templon with inseparable objects of prostration. A case of Saints Joachim and Anna church in the Studenica Monastery
Authors: Rakicevic Tihon, Archimandrite , Debljovic-Ristic Nevena
Published: November 2023

The architecture of templon (stone sanctuary barrier), did not change
significantly during the Middle Ages. Certain changes can be traced in
relation to the position of the representations of Christ and the Holy
Virgin, which are important for understanding the function of the templon.
At the beginning of the fourteenth century, a rather small church, dedicated
to Saints Joachim and Anna, was built in the Studenica Monastery. The
remains of the marble closure slabs testify to the existence of a stone
templon. A reassessment of the available data has led us to propose analysis
of the original form of the templon, with the frescoes of Christ and the
Holy Virgin being its constituent parts, painted directly to the north and
south of the barrier.
A miraculous icon of virgin Hodegetria with twelve great feast scenes (third quarter of the fourteenth century) from Nessebur, Bulgaria
Authors: Trifonova Alexandra
Published: November 2023

In this article a miraculous icon of the Virgin Hodegetria with twelve Great
Feast (Dodekaorton) scenes (third quarter of the fourteenth c.) in the
church of the Dormition of the Virgin in Nessebur (Mesembria) in Bulgaria is
presented. The icon, which belongs to the category of inlaid icons, bears a
silver revetment (eighteenth-nineteenth c.). The iconography, as well as the
style and the technique of painting, seems closely related to the
Palaeologan icons of the second and mainly the third quarter of the
fourteenth century. This allows us to suppose that the main icon, as well as
the framing icon, are works of anonymous painters, probably from a painting
workshop of Constantinople or a local one, influenced or formed in the
Byzantine capital.
Can India Let Go The Opportunity To Minimize Million Shingles Cases Annually? As India Launches Shingrix Zoster Vaccine in April 2023
Authors: K Suresh
Published: November 2023

Chickenpox is an incredibly uncomfortable common viral disease, rarely coming to the notice for the health system. After experiencing chickenpox or exposure to the varicella zoster virus, the virus stays dormant in the human body for life. When the immune system naturally weakens due to aging or chronic diseases like cancer, cardiac failures, chronic kidney diseases and immunodeficiency disease like HIV/AIDs etc., inactive virus reactivates, causing Shingles. Commonly seen among persons over 50 years though it can occur at any age. Most people have only one episode of the illness in their lifetime, second episodes are not uncommon, and third episodes are very rare and multiple episodes are also possible. In India, we see about a million cases of Shingles each year giving an incidence of 705 per million population per year. In USA approximately 1 out of 3 people develop herpes zoster during their lifetime Shingles, and about half of people over age 80 have had shingles. Most people with shingles in every episode start with Itching, Tingling, Burning and Pain over one or two dermatome areas to be followed by rashes on 3-5th day. Associated symptoms of fever and body ache are short lived. the blisters and pimples dry, form scabs and heal in 2-3 weeks not leaving any scar, but if get infected may take longer time of 4-5 weeks. But the tingling or a pins-andneedles feeling, itching, burning, and a deep pain due to the post-herpetic neuralgia, a severe painful condition may persist for months. The rashes often follow the distribution of nerves in the skin, a pattern called a dermatome. The most common dermatome affected are on the chest and back, around one side of the waistline but can involve any area like neck, face, butts, arms, and legs. There is no cure for shingles, but treatment with antivirals to shorten the length and severity of the illness, antihistamines NSAIDS and analgesics are used to provide comfort. Fortunately, shingles is not communicable to others. This article is based on primary cases seen by the in the context of. India has 260 million adults above 50 years of age at risk of shingles and its complications and this vaccine given in 2 doses becomes a boon for such population providing protection for 10 years. Materials and Methods: Three (including autobiographical) cases author managed since 2010 to March 2023 print media message of the launch of Shingrix Zoster Vaccine Recombinant, Adjuvanted vaccine in India on Monday the 16 April 2023 for the persons over 50 years and review of the literature.
Pengembangan model kemitraan sekolah dan orangtua pada sekolah menegah atas
Authors: Simamora Rosmailani , Hayati Redhatul , Abni Abni , Asmendri Asmendri , Sari Milya
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model kemitraan antara sekolah dan orang tua di SMA Negeri 1 Padang Gelugur dengan tujuan meningkatkan keterlibatan orang tua dalam pendidikan anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus sebagai kerangka utama. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa upaya pengembangan model kemitraan telah membuahkan hasil positif. Sekolah telah meningkatkan komunikasi dengan orang tua, membentuk kelompok dukungan orang tua, dan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk memperkuat hubungan dengan orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keterlibatan orang tua dalam pendidikan anak meningkat signifikan. Orang tua lebih memahami perkembangan anak-anak mereka di sekolah dan mendukung mereka secara lebih efektif. Model kemitraan ini dapat menjadi panduan bagi sekolah lain dalam upaya meningkatkan keterlibatan orang tua dalam mendukung pendidikan anak-anak mereka. Kesimpulannya, kemitraan sekolah-orang tua yang kuat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan perkembangan anak.
Microfibril Angles and Crystalline Properties of Reaction Woods in Agathis and Sumatran Pine Woods
Authors: Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Febrianto Fauzi , Hidayat Wahyu , Kim Nam Hun
Published: November 2023

The microfibril angles (MFAs), relative crystallinity index (RC), and crystallite width (CrW) of compression wood (CPW), lateral wood (LTW), and opposite wood (OPW) in Agathis (Agathis loranthifolia) and Sumatran Pine (Pinus merkusii) stem wood were observed and compared to obtain valuable information on wood quality for effective utilization. The iodine staining method and optical microscopy were applied to measure the MFA in the tangential section. RC and CrW were analyzed with an X-ray diffraction technique. CPW had the largest MFA and the smallest RC in both species. In Agathis, LTW and OPW had comparable MFA, RC, and CrW, whereas the CrW of CPW was the smallest. In Sumatran pine, there was a significant difference in MFA and RC between LTW and OPW. CPW, LTW, and OPW showed comparable CrW. The MFA decreased and RC increased from near the pith to bark in both species. The CrW increased from near the pith to the bark of Sumatran pine, whereas it was constant in Agathis. In conclusion, MFA and RC could be used to identify CPW, LTW, and OPW in both species. There were distinctive MFA and RC properties between reaction wood in both species.
Keywords: Agathis loranthifolia, crystalline properties, microfibril angles, Pinus merkusii, reaction wood
Manifestations of catastrophic Turkish earthquakes February 6, 2023 in Kryvbas
Authors: Kendzera O.V. , Pigulevskiy P.G. , Andrushchenko Yu.A. , Semenova Yu.V. , Shcherbina S.V. , Svystun V.K. , Kalinichenko O.O. , Liashchuk O.I.
Published: November 2023

We analyzed the impact of powerful Turkish earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, including a magnitude 7.8 Mw earthquake at 01:17:36 (UTC) in Kahramanmarash—Gaziantep, a magnitude 6.7/6.3 Mw earthquake at 01:28:21 (UTC), and a magnitude 7.5 Mw earthquake at 10:24:50 in Ekinoz—Kahramanmarash, on the territory of Ukraine, particularly in the city of Kryvyi Rih.The study involved the examination of algorithms for processing data recorded at seismic stations belonging to the S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Main Center for Special Control of t he State Space Agency of Ukraine. The analysis of digital records from these Turkish earthquakes provided ground shaking intensity parameters at the recording points: Odesa and KryvyiRih had intensity levels below 3, Kremenchuk recorded 2, and Poltava and Kyiv registered 1. The resulting isoseismal map illustrates that the attenuation of wave intensity from the Turkish earthquakes depended on the geotectonic structure of the Ukrainian territory through which the seismic vibrations propagated.

The monitoring of the water level in a deep well recorded changes in geodynamic (hydrodeformation) processes following the powerful Turkish earthquakes on February 6, 2023. We found the level of fault-fracture groundwater in the territory of Kryvbaswas affected bythe earthquakes. The calculation of the propagation velocity in the upper part of the lithosphere of the rock deformation front showed a value of ≈19.0 km/min (0.5 km/min).Concurrently, a decrease in the groundwater level by 2—3 cm was recorded, making it possible to conclude that after the earthquake, short-period stretchings of the earth’s crust occurred, both in the zone of the Kryvyi Rih—Kremenchutsky fault and over the Ukrainian Shield, in in general.

The calculated amplitude-frequency characteristics for the geological environment on the territory of Kryvyi Rih revealed that the maximum acceleration of seismic vibrations on the free-soil surface increases relative to bedrock by about 4 times in the frequency range from 1.2 Hz to 1.75 Hz.
Some aspects of direct participation of the people in the exercise of state power
Authors: Berch V.V.
Published: November 2023

The scientific article examines some aspects of the people's direct participation in the exercise of state power.

Defined, direct democracy, a system of government in which citizens, rather than elected officials, vote directly on major national issues, is supported by about two-thirds of the population worldwide, with little difference in opinion between regions.

It has been established that the direct exercise of power by the people should be distinguished from other legitimate types of public-authority powers. Along with this, the specified term-concept can be considered as: a separate full-fledged institution of constitutional law, the normative consolidation of which involves a set of relevant material and procedural legal norms; a complex system of social relations in the sphere of implementation of people's power with observance of the basic fundamental legal principles, in particular, the principle of people's sovereignty.

Emphasized, views on the economy are closely related to satisfaction with democracy. A public that has experienced high rates of economic growth and is satisfied with their country's economy has more confidence in the national government. Similarly, people who support the ruling party or parties in general in their country tend to rate their democracy more positively than those who support either the opposition or no political party at all.

It is noted that the level of satisfaction with democracy varies significantly in different regions and countries and even within the country. People's assessments of the functioning of democracy differ significantly depending on their economic attitudes and party orientations.

It has been determined that public authorities that initiate referendum votes tend to seek legitimacy for policies on the government agenda, regularly advocate for a positive vote, and will have many ways to influence the process and outcome, including official communication resources.

It is emphasized that the natural (organic) right of the people to directly participate in the formation of state policy for the benefit of socially significant interests is an integral indicator of the development of democratic processes in every state.
The idea of autonomism in the views of Ilya Shrag
Authors: Frantsuz A.
Published: November 2023

In the article examines the views of the famous Ukrainian lawyer, public and socio-political figure Ilya Shrag on the Ukrainian issue at the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of scientific literature, the factors that influenced the formation of I. Shrag's views in the context of social and political processes in Ukrainian lands at the beginning of the 20th century are revealed. It is claimed that the formation of Ilya Shrag's state-legal guidelines took place during his active participation in social and political processes that took place on the territory of Ukrainian lands. His participation in the Ukrainian national movement contributed to the unification of conscious figures of that time in the field of solving the Ukrainian question. He tried to establish close contacts with Western Ukrainian figures, joint activities with whom made it possible to actualize Sobornytsky ideas in society, to raise the issue of Ukrainian autonomy to a new level. It is noted that the Ukrainian idea became fundamental in Ilya Shrag's parliamentary activity. While still a deputy of the First State Duma of the Russian Empire, he brought the key issues of the life of the Ukrainian people to the general public. Applying his knowledge and practical skills in the field of jurisprudence, he put these issues on a legislative basis and proposed ways of their effective solution. The participation of Ilya Shrag in the Ukrainian national liberation movement in the conditions of the decline of the autocratic regime is shown, attention is focused on his participation in the activities of the Central Rada, where he actively works in the commission for the creation of the draft charter of the autonomy of Ukraine. In this connection, his close cooperation with the chairman of the Central Rada Mykhailo Hrushevsky is reflected. It is noted that M. Hrushevsky repeatedly turned to I. Shrag for professional consultations and clarifications on organizational, personnel and general issues. Their main joint activity was based on the idea of Ukrainian autonomy.
Application of flexible working hours in comparison with other types of special working hours
Authors: Gafych O.I.
Published: November 2023

In this scientific article, the author analyzes the features of the application of a flexible working time regime in comparison with other types of special working time regimes, in particular irregular working hours, the shift method of work organization, as well as shift work. It was established that these special regimes have both common and distinctive features. Thus, the author stated that flexible working hours and irregular working hours have in common that: they are established exclusively on a contractual basis; are not implemented where their application is objectively impossible; the employee is not paid extra for the performance of a labor function beyond the normal duration of the working day. The differences are that: an employee with an irregular working day does not have the opportunity to self-regulate working hours, additional social guarantees are provided for an irregular working day. Common to shift and flexible regimes is that: employees are provided with equal guarantees regarding annual leave; the implementation of the specified regimes requires a bilateral will. What is special is that: the shift method directly assumes the place where the employee performs his work function; the shift method is applied exclusively to the enterprise, institution and organization as a whole, or individual divisions, and not to specific employees. From the analysis of flexible working hours and shift work, the author states that the common feature is that the use of the latter does not impose on the employee the obligation to actually work a greater number of hours; special guarantees of social and economic protection do not apply to employees. The difference comes down to the fact that: under a variable working time regime, the employee is obliged to perform a work function in a certain specified place; under variable working hours, the employee is obliged to perform the work function also at night, and under flexible working hours, the employee does not have this obligation.
Staffing in the legal sector: current issues
Authors: Leshanych L. , Tsipkal A.M.
Published: November 2023

The article offers a study of current problems in jurisprudence, namely, the problems of higher legal education (methods and quality of education), the problem of employment of the younger generation, and the problem of uncontrolled corruption, which is the basis for all of the above. The study identifies alternative solutions to the problematic issues and ways to improve the current state of jurisprudence so that it could be in line with European standards. The author also highlights the weaknesses of this field that require attention from society and immediate action by the authorities.

The article points out that under modern conditions, the place of public service staffing in the legal field is becoming fundamentally important and is studied through the prism of recent changes in Ukrainian legislation. It is shown that the organization of public service in modern conditions involves a significant number of interrelated forms and procedures of staffing. The relevant forms include: determination of the strategy of organizational work and staffing; training and preparation work; recruitment and selection of personnel; appointment and filling of positions, placement of personnel; and ensuring the service. It is established that the forms of personnel support outline the boundaries of the relevant personnel procedures. The author identifies and characterizes the specifics of personnel procedures implemented within the framework of these forms of personnel support (for example, within the framework of strategic organizational work and staffing, procedures for calculating the number of public service personnel, positive incentives for this service, etc.) It is theorized that the correct combination of available forms and procedures of staffing contributes to a real increase in the efficiency of the jurisprudence as a whole based on the qualitative use of employees' potential without increasing the time and resources required for staff maintenance.

The article explains the needs of the modern labor market, and emphasizes that a university degree is not an indicator of the future employee's intelligence and qualifications, as statistics show that 80% of the unemployed are people with higher education.

In this context, staffing is a preventive tool and a means of preventing corruption, an additional means for compliance with ethical behavior standards and an extra measure for strengthening the institution of responsibility, as well as the basis for the rational use of human resources in public.
Constitutional and legal status of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine
Authors: Omelko I.I.
Published: November 2023

The article clarifies the constitutional and legal status of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, its nature, its place in the system of state authorities and the specifics of granting separate powers and the problems that arise in the practice of their implementation. It was concluded that in the language of armed aggression against Ukraine and encroachment on its territorial integrity by the ruscist regime, the discussion of issues related to the national security and defense of Ukraine acquires special importance. The National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, which acts as a coordinating body for national security and defense under the President of Ukraine (Article 107 of the Constitution of Ukraine), becomes a very important body of public authority in wartime conditions. According to the Constitution, it coordinates and controls the activities of executive authorities in the field of national security and defense. We have two models (from the constitutional law of foreign states). The body could be purely advisory (Poland, Turkey, Kosovo, Estonia), or would be empowered to make a number of important defense and security decisions (Montenegro). In the Ukrainian case, use the word "coordination", which is unlikely to be purely of a recommendatory nature. However, in this case, the issue of granting some powers to the National Security Council, and not, for example, to the Cabinet of Ministers, should be well-founded and truly related purely to issues of defense and national security. The doctrine of the limitation of the President's powers by the Constitution itself is built into the constitutional design for a reason (Article 106 of the Constitution). Despite the rather broad and evaluative formulation of the President's powers regarding leadership in the field of national security, individual law enforcement by imposing sanctions, assigning the status of an oligarch, etc., can hardly be characterized exactly as "leadership". Their application is more related to the implementation of state policy in this area. That is why, perhaps, one should think about granting the relevant powers to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. After all, the very nature of the Cabinet consists in ensuring the implementation of state policy. In addition, Art. 116 of the Constitution (clause 10) directly allows the Cabinet of Ministers to be empowered by laws.
Immunity of a lawyer in a civil proceeding
Authors: Hetmantsev O.
Published: November 2023

The article carries out a legal analysis of issues related to the characterization of the content of the concept of legal immunity and the features of the procedural immunity of a lawyer, as a representative of a participant in a case in civil proceedings to implement the function of procedural representation in court of the interests of a person (physical, legal) by taking procedural actions on his behalf with the aim of passing a legal and justified court decision in its interests.

It is emphasized that during the period of reforming the national legal system of Ukraine as a whole and its individual elements, which is constantly in dynamic development and this leads to the emergence of new legal norms and the need to improve the existing rules of behavior in our society in order to achieve civilized and humane approaches in ensuring development in Ukraine, a social state with a stable form of law-making and legal regulation.

Human and citizen rights are elevated to the rank of the European standard, and therefore require effective protection by national courts.

It has been established that judicial protection will be effective only when not only the priority of a person's interests is achieved, but also the provision of qualified legal assistance through the institution of advocacy is guaranteed by the state.

Enshrining in Article 59 of the Constitution the right of everyone to professional legal assistance [1] and the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Advocacy and Advocacy” [2] did not remove the relevance of questions about the legal nature and social status of this human rights body, about guarantees for the protection of the lawyer's interests in the implementation him of professional activity in civil justice.

The article provides the author's definition of the concept of immunity of a lawyer and reveals its procedural content and highlights its features.
The influence of economic factors on the formation and development of banking law in the Austrian monarchy (second half of the 18th - mid-19th centuries)
Authors: Borys I.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the influence of economic factors on the formation and development of banking law in the Austrian monarchy (second half of the 18th - mid-19th centuries). It is noted that at the beginning of the 18th century. Austria was an agrarian country with a typical medieval economy, unadapted to changing realities, with weak fiscal and tax systems. The lack of reforms, excessive spending on the army, low tax revenues led to a constant increase in debt. The emerging situation forced the Austrian imperial court to seek answers to complex economic issues.

It was established that the solution to the economic problems of the state took place within the framework of scientific discussions of the Austrian economic school, the roots of which go back to the 15th century. At first, its representatives were mainly Dominicans and Jesuits, teachers of theology in universities, who were the main centers of philosophical thought of that time. They substantiated cause-and-effect relationships, discovered and explained the laws of supply and demand, the causes of inflation, the subjective nature of economic value, etc. Austrian economists were defenders of property rights and free trade, and opposed price controls and restrictions that stifled entrepreneurship. The huge number of monetary transactions carried out on the Austrian market could not be fully regulated if the money accumulated by banks through deposits was not used.

Itis shown that one of theimportant achievements of economists of the XVII-XVIII centuries. the introduction of a dynamic concept of competition, which is understood as an entrepreneurial process of rivalry, which moves the market and accelerates the development of civilization. This idea formed the basis of the Austrian market theory. Another fundamental element of Austrian economic thought was the principle of time superiority, according to which present goods, other things being equal, are valued higher than future ones.

It was determined that banking activity in the Austrian monarchy was determined by the economic situation and directly depended on the political situation. The numerous wars that Austria waged during the period under study had a negative impact on the country's financial condition, forcing the government to take loans both from other states and from its own rich citizens. The period of the middle of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX centuries. in the Habsburg monarchy was characterized by the instability of the financial system and the banking sector in particular. At that time, the regulation of the legal foundations of banking activity and the creation of the National Bank of Austria, designed to promote financial stability and economic development, occurred. However, the banking legislation had a number of shortcomings, the elimination of which fell on the second half of the 19th century.
Some aspects of shares accounting legal regulation for limited liability company members
Authors: Palchuk P.M.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the provisions regarding the accounting of company shares in the shares accounting system of limited liability companies as well as of companies with additional liability. This legal institute is brand new in the law system of Ukraine. The purpose of this legal institute is to introduce European standards for corporate governance in limited liability companies (as in companies with additional liability also) as well as to provide additional protection guarantees for rights and legitimate interests of corporate rights owners in companies.

The provisions of the legislation regarding the accounting of company shares in the accounting system of limited liability companies shares have an alternative nature, however, the final decision remains with the participants of a certain limited liability company, since the implemented system of accounting for limited liability company shares is similar to the current system of depository accounting of securities, but it will be applied in a voluntary manner by the unanimous decision of the certain company members, if the expediency of such accounting shares and compliance with the rights of participants in corporate legal relations in the context of limited liability companies activities will be proved for the members of the company.

As of today, the question remains unanswered as to which version of accounting for shares will be preferred by certain limited liability company participants, taking into account the lack of practice need for applying relevant legal norms, in particular, the practice of applying norms by the Supreme Court and other courts, which should be formed after 01.01.2024.

The Central Securities Depository protection of corporate rights against illegal acquisition by third parties (raiding) is determined by the advantages of shares accounting for limited liability company participants. The ability to clearly determine the moment of acquisition of limited liability company participant share rights as well as to control over the commission of other transactions, the subject of which is the share of limited liability company member is determined by the advantages of shares accounting for limited liability company participants also. The possibility of using the electronic resources of the Central Securities Depository in the part of implementing corporate management of a limited liability company or a company with additional liability is determined by the advantages of shares accounting for limited liability company participants also.
Mortgage for Land Plots
Authors: Povedyonkova І.
Published: November 2023

The information discussed relates to the legal aspects of mortgaging land plots located in Ukraine. The joint ownership of land implies the division of the land plot into shares between co-owners. A land plot may be mortgaged with the consent of all co­owners in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine, namely the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Family Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Mortgage”, the Law of Ukraine "On Notaries”.

The designated purpose of a land plot plays an important role in its use for intended purpose; if the land plot is used for another purpose, it is necessary to change the designated purpose based on the current legislation of Ukraine. Changing the designated purpose of a land plot can be a complicated process and requires good reasons. In particular, agricultural land plots may be pledged only by banks with a relevant license.

According to the applicable laws of Ukraine, mortgagors are not restricted in their rights in connection with the signing of the mortgage agreement and have the right to use the land plot for its intended purpose, to construct houses, estates, buildings, etc. on the mortgaged land plot, unless otherwise provided for in the agreement. In the case of a mortgage of land plots with existing buildings, structures and plantations owned by third parties, their rights and obligations may be transferred to the mortgagee upon foreclosure on such land plot only in the event of failure to comply with the terms of the loan and mortgage agreement.

When entering into a mortgage agreement, under the current legislation of Ukraine, the said agreement must be notarized. The documents required for the notarization of a mortgage agreement for a land plot include the location, composition and designated purpose of the plot, its value and title, etc.

When reviewing this information, it is important to keep in mind that a mortgage on a land plot has its own specific restrictions and requirements based directly on the current legislation of Ukraine.
The primary principles of social protection in the context of social risk
Authors: Anpilohova B.Yu.
Published: November 2023

The article elucidates the inherent nature, structure, and substance of the foundational principles underpinning social protection in Ukraine, especially within the purview of social risk. These principles form the bedrock of the legal mechanisms governing social protection. A salient discovery is that Ukraine's legal mechanism for social protection operates under a dual- principled framework: the primary, universally acknowledged legal principles and the specialized principles, predominantly the principles of social protection. The overarching legal principles serve as cardinal ideas that enable the aforementioned mechanisms to seamlessly integrate and evolve within Ukraine's legal infrastructure. This ensures that there are no inadvertent risks to the prevailing legal framework in general and particularly in the social domain. The principles of social protection are pivotal, guiding the functioning and evolution of the associated legal mechanisms, particularly in alignment with the objectives of social law and, more specifically, the goals of social protection. Two primary facets underscore this prominence. Firstly, these principles provide depth to the overarching legal principles, contextualized within the realm of social protection and the broader social existence of individuals, society, and the state. This context is notably susceptible to the challenges posed by social risks. Secondly, they serve as the foundational tenets of the aforementioned legal mechanism. This underscores their role as core guiding concepts in the formulation, execution, and enhancement of this legal mechanism's operations. The primary special principles of the legal mechanism for social protection, within the context of social risk, encompass the subsequent principles of social protection: the principle of humanistic social justice; the principle of universality and accessibility; the principle of consistency and complexity; the principle of resocialization; the principle of adaptability; the principle of targeted social protection; and the principle of reliability. The article's conclusions consolidate the research findings, emphasizing that the principles of social protection are both a cornerstone of social law and the foundation for the establishment, refinement, and functionality of Ukraine's legal mechanism for social protection. This understanding is paramount when considering the socio-legal phenomenon of social risk.
Foreign experience, and domestic practice of legal regulation of special principles of administrative procedure
Authors: Ihnatchenko I.H. , Hryhorenko B.V.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of special principles of administrative procedure. The author has studied the administrative procedure legislation of Germany, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Switzerland, Lithuania, and Austria. The authors compare the legislative provisions on special principles of administrative procedure of these countries with the legislation of Ukraine with the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» which is coming into force.

It is noted that administrative procedure is not homogeneous and standard, but rather has many features and variations depending on: (a) a specific area of public administration, (b) goals, objectives, and functions of executive authorities, and (c) national traditions and international standards. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the special principles of administrative procedure that determine the specifics of their legal regulation in different national legal systems.

The authors identify a system of four «layers» of principles applicable to administrative procedure. Among them, the author distinguishes the following: (1) general legal principles; (2) principles of administrative law; (3) principles of administrative process as a procedure for exercising power by public administration bodies in the appropriate procedural form based on the world and European principles of good governance and administration; (4) principles of administrative procedure.

The main attention is paid to the special principles of administrative procedure which relate to the administrative procedure itself. Among them, it is proposed to distinguish two groups: (a) organisational and (b) functional axiological. The author substantiates that the organisational principles include the principle of economy, investigative principle, the principle of the State language, impartiality, publicity, and coordination. As functional axiological principles, the author identifies the following: the principle of prohibition of abuse of law and prohibition of over­formalism, the principle of uniform application of law, presumption of reliability, the principle of interpretation of law in favour of interested non-governmental persons, and the principle of meaningful absorption. Each of the principles is given a significance and its place in the legislation of Ukraine and other countries.

The authors concludes that further syste­matisation and consolidation of these principles, in turn, is an additional argument in favour of the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» which is currently coming into force and its possible further modifications.