bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐management support in routine primary care by nurses
Authors: Westland Heleen , Schröder Carin D. , de Wit Jessica , Frings Judith , Trappenburg Jaap C. A. , Schuurmans Marieke J.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To examine how and to what extent self‐management support, including behaviour change support, is provided by primary care nurses in routine consultations with chronically ill patients.

Design

Observational study design.

Methods

Routine consultations of primary care nurses in the Netherlands with chronically ill patients were audio‐taped and analysed. The analysis identified health topics addressed according to health care standards, self‐management topics addressed using a validated set of topics, and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) using the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy v1.

Results

Seventy‐eight routine consultations of 17 primary care nurses with chronically ill patients were included in the analysis. Nurses addressed both health topics and self‐management topics in brief, fragmented, and often inconsistent manners. Dietary intake and physical activity were the most frequently addressed topics. Nurses applied 21 BCTs to target behaviour change, but the use of these techniques was mainly inconsistent and implicit. The most consistently used BCTs were review behaviour goal(s) (56.4%) and feedback on behaviour (51.3%).

Conclusions

Nurses addressed both health topics and self‐management topics in their routine consultations. The duration, frequency, and number of addressed topics differed throughout the consultations. Nurses tended to prioritize the monitoring and optimization of patients’ medical treatment and provided limited self‐management support. Nurses seldom deepened their focus on behaviour change and infrequently used effective techniques to support this change. Adoption of self‐management in primary care, including behaviour change, might be enhanced if nurses consistently and explicitly use effective BCTs in their consultations.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Primary care nurses play a pivotal role in self‐management support for patients with a chronic condition.

Adequate self‐management support requires nurses to activate patients and enhance behaviour change.

Little is known regarding to what extent nurses provide self‐management support in routine primary care.

What does this study add?

Self‐management support is brief, fragmented, and inconsistently provided by nurses.

Nurses tend to prioritize medical treatment optimization and seldom focus on behavioural change.

Nurses’ use of effective behaviour change techniques is low and should be enhanced.
Lipid remodelling in neuroendocrine secretion
Authors: Gasman Stéphane , Vitale Nicolas
Published: September 2017

Neuroendocrine cells secrete hormones and polypeptides through a complex membrane trafficking process that involves the transport of specific organelles, called large dense core secretory granules, from the Golgi apparatus to specialised sites at the plasma membrane where these vesicles are successively exocytosed and recaptured by endocytosis through tightly coupled reactions. The minimal machinery required for exocytosis has been defined as SNARE proteins associated with few accessory proteins. On the other side, clathrin and dynamin constitute major components of some of the most important endocytotic pathways. Although many protein contributors of both exocytosis and endocytosis are now identified, their actual interplay is not well resolved. Furthermore, the necessary tight coupling of exocytosis and compensatory endocytosis to maintain membrane homeostasis in neuroendocrine cells is far from being understood. In this review, we focus on the more recently identified role of lipids in these important processes that are above all membrane remodelling events.
Old‐age Poverty in Indonesia: Measurement Issues and Living Arrangements
Authors: Priebe Jan
Published: September 2017

Drawing on several rounds of nationally representative household survey data for Indonesia, this article shows that poverty rates among the elderly are substantially higher than those of the rest of the population. Using sensitivity checks on adult equivalence scales and economies of scale, the author demonstrates that the gap in poverty rates between the elderly and non‐elderly population would increase even further if moderate changes to the per‐consumption expenditure assumption were made. Additional panel data evidence reveals that about one‐third of the elderly population is currently vulnerable to poverty. While the findings do not show gender differences in old‐age poverty rates, they do highlight important differences in living arrangements across gender, with the majority of elderly women being widows while the majority of men are still married at all ages.
Organizing against Land Grabbing in Cambodia: Exploring Missing Links
Authors: Verkoren Willemijn , Ngin Chanrith
Published: September 2017

Using a case study of Prey Lang Community Network (PLCN) in Cambodia, this article adds to emerging literature on local responses to land grabbing. While much of this literature has focused on political opportunity structures, this article looks at the agency of local groups organizing in response to land grabbing. Noting that organization and connections have been ‘missing links’ in the literature, the authors draw on thinking on collective action and social networking. Their findings highlight the importance of identity politics in the development of movements responding to land grabbing. Transnational discourses and external support also play a significant role in local responses to land grabbing in general, and in the modest success achieved by the PLCN in particular. All this complicates the traditional understanding of political opportunity structures and calls for a more dynamic approach.
Probing the depth of infants’ theory of mind: disunity in performance across paradigms
Authors: Poulin‐Dubois Diane , Yott Jessica
Published: September 2017

There is currently a hot debate in the literature regarding whether or not infants have a true theory of mind (ToM) understanding. According to the mentalistic view, infants possess the same false belief understanding that older children have but their competence is masked by task demands. On the other hand, others have proposed that preverbal infants are incapable of mental state attribution and simply respond to superficial features of the events in spontaneous‐responses tasks. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the nature of infants’ performance in tasks designed to assess implicit theory of mind (ToM) by adopting a within‐subject design that involved testing 18‐month‐old infants on two batteries of tasks measuring the same four ToM constructs (intention, desire, true belief, and false belief). One battery included tasks based on the violation‐of‐ expectation (VOE) procedure, whereas the other set of tasks was based on the interactive, helping procedure. Replication of the original findings varied across tasks, due to methodological changes and the use of a within‐subject design. Convergent validity was examined by comparing performance on VOE and interactive tasks that are considered to be measures of the same theory of mind concept. The results revealed no significant relations between performance on the pairs of tasks for any of the four ToM constructs measured. This pattern of results is discussed in terms of current conflicting accounts of infants’ performance on implicit ToM tasks. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3vqfe_zdhA&feature=youtu.be
Remission of encephalopathy with status epilepticus (ESES) during sleep renormalizes regulation of slow wave sleep
Authors: Bölsterli Bigna K. , Gardella Elena , Pavlidis Elena , Wehrle Flavia M. , Tassinari Carlo A. , Huber Reto , Rubboli Guido
Published: September 2017

Objective

In previous studies, we showed an altered overnight decrease of non–rapid‐eye‐movement (NREM) sleep slow waves in children with encephalopathy related to status epilepticus during sleep (ESES). Here, we test the hypothesis that these alterations renormalize after remission of ESES. Because overnight decrease of slow waves has been linked to brain recovery and cognition, we investigate whether cognitive outcome is related to overnight changes of slow waves.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of longitudinal overnight electroencephalography (EEG) in 10 patients with idiopathic ESES. Automated slow wave detection and calculation of slope of slow waves during the first and last hour of NREM sleep were employed. Intraindividual comparisons were undertaken of the slope during active phase and after remission of ESES, and between patients after remission of ESES and healthy controls. Explorative analysis of the relationship between slow wave slope and cognitive outcome was performed.

Results

The slope of slow waves did not decrease significantly across the night during active ESES, particularly at the spike focus. After remission of ESES, the slope decreased significantly overnight. Compared to controls, there was no difference in overnight slope decrease. Association between slope and neuropsychological outcome showed best cognitive outcome after remission in those children (n = 3) who showed some degree of slope decline during active ESES.

Significance

This study provides evidence that alterations of overnight changes of NREM‐sleep slow waves during active ESES are reversible when ESES resolves, and that the severity of neuropsychological compromise might be related to the extent of slow wave impairment during ESES. Our findings suggest that analysis of slow waves might serve as a prognostic factor regarding cognitive outcome. ESES may serve as disease model of pathologic slow wave sleep and our results might be expanded to epilepsies with spike wave activation in slow wave sleep not only in children but also in adults.
Standardization procedure for plasma biomarker analysis in rat models of epileptogenesis: Focus on circulating microRNAs
Authors: van Vliet Erwin A. , Puhakka Noora , Mills James D. , Srivastava Prashant K. , Johnson Michael R. , Roncon Paolo , Das Gupta Shalini , Karttunen Jenni , Simonato Michele , Lukasiuk Katarzyna , Gorter Jan A. , Aronica Eleonora , Pitkänen Asla
Published: September 2017

The World Health Organization estimates that globally 2.4 million people are diagnosed with epilepsy each year. In nearly 30% of these cases, epilepsy cannot be properly controlled by antiepileptic drugs. More importantly, treatments to prevent or modify epileptogenesis do not exist. Therefore, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this respect, it is important to identify which patients will develop epilepsy and which individually tailored treatment is needed. However, currently, we have no tools to identify the patients at risk, and diagnosis of epileptogenesis remains as a major unmet medical need, which relates to lack of diagnostic biomarkers for epileptogenesis. As the epileptogenic process in humans is typically slow, the use of animal models is justified to speed up biomarker discovery. We aim to summarize recommendations for molecular biomarker research and propose a standardized procedure for biomarker discovery in rat models of epileptogenesis. The potential of many phylogenetically conserved circulating noncoding small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), as biomarkers has been explored in various brain diseases, including epilepsy. Recent studies show the feasibility of detecting miRNAs in blood in both experimental models and human epilepsy. However, the analysis of circulating miRNAs in rodent models is challenging, which relates both to the lack of standardized sampling protocols and to analysis of miRNAs. We will discuss the issues critical for preclinical plasma biomarker discovery, such as documentation, blood and brain tissue sampling and collection, plasma separation and storage, RNA extraction, quality control, and RNA detection. We propose a protocol for standardization of procedures for discovery of circulating miRNA biomarkers in rat models of epileptogenesis. Ultimately, we hope that the preclinical standardization will facilitate clinical biomarker discovery for epileptogenesis in man.
Stock market integration, cost of equity capital, and corporate investment: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Hillier David , Loncan Tiago
Published: September 2017

We study the effect of stock market integration on the cost of capital and investment, using Brazil as a case study. We show that integration, as proxied by foreign ownership, has a positive impact on the financing side by reducing cost of capital. On the output side, we find that integration increases corporate investment, but only for well‐governed firms. We contribute to the debate on the pros and cons of financial globalization, particularly by providing evidence of important linkages between financial integration and real economic activity.
Infections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria in an equine hospital (2012–2015)
Authors: van Spijk J. N. , Schmitt S. , Schoster A.
Published: September 2017

Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria are an emerging threat in human and veterinary medicine. There are few reports about infections caused by MDR isolates in horses. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of infections caused by MDR bacteria at the Equine Hospital Zurich between 2012 and 2015. Medical records were searched for horses with confirmed MDR bacterial infection. Multidrug resistance was defined according to human guidelines specific for each pathogen. MDR isolates were most commonly isolated from post‐procedural infections (53/110, 48%), followed by musculoskeletal (16/110, 15%) and soft tissue infections (16/110, 15%). Escherichia coli (32/158, 20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25/158, 16%) were the most common isolates. High resistance rates precluded therapy with commonly used antimicrobial drugs. The overall mortality rate was 20% (22/108) but depended on the localisation of the infection. Antimicrobial treatment prior to development of infection was reported for 89% (91/102) of horses. This study showed that MDR pathogens, mainly MDR E. coli and MRSA, cause a considerable number of infections in horses. A wide range of infections was seen, however, nosocomial infections predominated. These cases are typically hospitalised, pretreated with antibiotics, and suffering from comorbidities putting them at high‐risk for acquiring infections caused by MDR isolates. The mortality of such infections was generally low but depended on site of infection.
A Case of Migraine With Aura Resolving on Warfarin But Not on Apixaban
Authors: Nilsson Benjamin G. , Bungard Tammy J.
Published: September 2017

Several case reports have associated anticoagulants such as heparin and vitamin K antagonists with reduced symptoms in migraine, but no data exist for direct acting oral factor Xa inhibitors. We report the case of a 55‐year‐old female who experienced complete remission of migraine with aura for 12 years while on warfarin, with return of symptoms within 3 weeks of switching to apixaban, and resolution of symptoms once again within days of warfarin resumption. Our case suggests that anticoagulation alone is not sufficient to improve migraine symptoms. Further study of vitamin K‐dependent proteins not involved in anticoagulation, such as the relatively novel growth arrest‐specific gene 6, may clarify the link between warfarin and migraine symptoms.
Efficacy of a rubber bristles interdental cleaner compared to an interdental brush on dental plaque, gingival bleeding and gingival abrasion: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hennequin‐Hoenderdos NL , van der Sluijs E , van der Weijden GA , Slot DE
Published: September 2017

Aim

To determine the efficacy of a rubber bristles interdental cleaner (RBIC) compared to an interdental brush (IDB) in reducing gingivitis and additionally to evaluate participants' attitudes and possible side effects.

Material and Methods

The study was a 2‐treatment, parallel, split‐mouth, examiner‐blind RCT, evaluating the reversal of experimental gingivitis. In total, 42 systemically healthy volunteers were recruited that were currently non‐users of interdental cleaning devices. After familiarization and prophylaxis, participants refrained from brushing mandibular teeth for 21 days, followed by 4‐week product use of the assigned interdental cleaning device as adjunct to manual toothbrushing. Bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP), dental plaque index score (PI) and gingival abrasion score (GAs) were assessed in the lower jaw.

Results

Overall, no statistically significant differences between the RBIC and IDB in reducing BOMP and PI were obtained. Analysing the sites that were accessible for the RBIC/IDB only showed that the sites treated with the RBIC had significantly less BOMP after 4 weeks (P = .009). The RBIC also caused less GAs (P => .016) and was considered more pleasurable to use by the participants (P = .0001).

Conclusions

In accessible sites, the RBIC, in conjunction with manual toothbrushing, was found to be more effective in reducing gingival inflammation after 4 weeks. The RBIC caused less abrasion of the gingiva and was appreciated more by the participants.
Mucocutaneous manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients in Nouakchott, Mauritania
Authors: Boushab Boushab M. , Malick Fall Fatim‐Zahra , Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel Taleb K. , Ould Cheikh Melaïnine Mohamed L. , Maazouz Mohamed V. , Savadogo Mamoudou , Basco Leonardo K.
Published: September 2017

Background

Mucocutaneous manifestations are one of the first clinical signs in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study describing dermatologic manifestations in Mauritanians infected with HIV. The aim of the present study was to determine the profiles of mucocutaneous manifestations in relation to CD4 T cell count in HIV‐positive Mauritanian patients.

Methods

A total of 86 adult patients aged > 18 years old attending the Ambulatory Treatment Center of the National Hospital of Nouakchott, Mauritania, with newly diagnosed HIV and who were not under antiretroviral treatment were included in the study in 2015. Dermatologic manifestations were documented before initiating antiretroviral treatment.

Results

Most of the included patients were in clinical stage 3 of the World Health Organization classification at initial diagnosis, with the mean CD4 T cell count (± SD) of 514 ± 319 cells/mm3 (range, 2–1328 cells/mm3), and 19 of 86 (22.1%) patients had CD4 T cell counts below 200 cells/mm3. More than half (64%) of newly diagnosed HIV‐infected patients had dermatoses, including the following: pruritic papular eruption (44.2%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.7%), Kaposi's sarcoma (3.5%), extensive xerosis cutis (2.3%), drug‐induced skin reactions (1.2%), and various infectious dermatoses (dermatophyte infections [16.3%], oral candidiasis [11.6%], herpes zoster [8.1%], and scabies [2.3%]). A low CD4 T cell count (< 200 cells/mm3) was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the presence of following dermatoses: dermatophytosis, oral candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, seborrheic dermatitis, and extensive xerosis cutis.

Conclusion

Mucocutaneous lesions occur throughout the course of HIV infection, and dermatologic findings in Mauritanian HIV‐positive patients are similar to those of patients in other countries. Early detection of skin disorders in some patients may help establish the diagnosis of HIV and management of HIV‐associated diseases, limiting the cost of care in low‐resource countries.
Body dysmorphic disorder in female Swedish dermatology patients
Authors: Brohede Sabina , Wyon Yvonne , Wingren Gun , Wijma Barbro , Wijma Klaas
Published: September 2017

Background

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are highly distressed and impaired owing to perceived defects in their physical appearance that are not noticeable to others. They are frequently concerned about their skin and often present to dermatologists rather than psychiatrists. However,BDDpatients attending dermatology clinics may be at risk of not receiving an appropriate assessment and beneficial treatment. The aims of this study were to estimate theBDDprevalence rate among Swedish female dermatology patients and to assess the psychological condition ofBDDpatients compared to that of other dermatology patients.

Methods

The occurrence ofBDDwas estimated using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), a validated self‐report measure forBDD. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and quality of life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).

Results

The prevalence rate ofBDDamong female Swedish dermatology patients was 4.9% (95%CI3.2–7.4). Anxiety (HADSA ≥ 11) was 4‐fold more commonly reported by patients with positiveBDDscreening (48% vs. 11%), and depression (HADSD ≥ 11) was over 10‐fold more common in patients with positiveBDDscreening (19% vs. 1.8%) (P < 0.001). The medianDLQIscore was 18 in theBDDgroup, compared to a score of 4 in the non‐BDDgroup (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our results indicate thatBDDis fairly common among female Swedish dermatology patients (4.9%) and thatBDDpatients have high levels of depression and anxiety and severely impaired quality of life.
The association of smoking with contact dermatitis and hand eczema – a review
Authors: Zimmer Katelyn A. , Armbrecht Eric S. , Burkemper Nicole M.
Published: September 2017

Given the high prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), hand eczema (HE), and smoking, and the impact that smoking has on skin disease, the authors reviewed the existing literature to assess the association between smoking and contact dermatitis or hand eczema. Using the PubMed and SCOPUS databases, a literature search identified articles related to allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and hand eczema and a possible association with smoking. The search period included articles prior to and including April 2016. Seven of eight articles described a positive relationship between smoking and allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, while nine of nineteen articles found a positive association between smoking and hand eczema. Published studies document that smoking may be an important risk factor for both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis as well as hand eczema.
Intakes and sources of total and added sugars among 4 to 13‐year‐old children in China, Mexico and the United States
Authors: Afeiche M. C. , Koyratty B. N. S. , Wang D. , Jacquier E. F. , Lê K.‐ A.
Published: September 2017

Background

Intakes of dietary sugars is a global concern, and many national and international organizations have set targets to limit consumption. However, it is unclear to what extent intakes of total and added sugars vary between geographies.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in intakes of total and added sugars in 4 to 13‐year‐old children in China, Mexico and the United States. The secondary aim was to identify main sources of total and added sugars in the diets of these children.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, and 2009–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Total and added sugar intakes were calculated using the US Food Patterns Equivalents Database.

Results

Mean intakes of total and added sugars were 26 and 9 g d−1 among Chinese children, 92 and 55 g d−1 among Mexican children, and 124 and 76 g d−1 among US children, respectively. The top food sources of total sugars were fruits among Chinese children, and sugar‐sweetened beverages and milk‐based beverages among Mexican and US children.

Conclusions

These data highlight the heterogeneity of food patterns worldwide and the need for adapted country‐specific public health recommendations on sugars.
The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with lower BMI, lower postprandial glucose levels and elevated carbohydrate intake in children and adolescents
Authors: Kalenda A. , Landgraf K. , Löffler D. , Kovacs P. , Kiess W. , Körner A.
Published: September 2017

Background

The amino acid‐changing exonic variant rs6265 (Val66Met polymorphism) in the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been linked to obesity in several genotype–phenotype association studies.

Objective

To identify metabolic factors by which this effect might be conveyed, we aimed to investigate its correlation with (i) obesity, (ii) metabolic parameters, (iii) serum levels of BDNF and (iv) measures of energy intake in children and adolescents.

Methods

We genotyped the variant in 2131 subjects (age 6–18 years) and checked for an association with obesity. Secondly, we correlated the genotype with parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism (fasting/postprandial glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment, Matsuda, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides) in a smaller subset of 845 subjects. We determined BDNF serum levels in 177 individuals by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and assessed the association with genotype and metabolic parameters. Finally, we investigated the association between genotype and macronutrient intake from self‐reported food diaries (n = 146).

Results

The minor Met allele was associated with lower BMI standard deviation score (p = 0.002). Post‐pubertal Met allele carriers showed lower postprandial glucose levels and a lower HbA1c (β = 0.15, p = 0.046 and β = 0.27, p = 0.012, respectively). Neither the genotype nor any of the metabolic parameters correlated with BDNF serum levels. We observed an increased total calorie intake (β = −0.21, p = 0.007) with increased carbohydrate and protein intake (β = −0.22, p = 0.005 and β = −0.14, p = 0.028, respectively) in Met allele carriers.

Conclusions

We confirmed the association of the minor Met allele with lower BMI in children and provide new data that it is associated with lower postprandial glucose in post‐pubertal subjects. Moreover, Met allele carriers reported to consume more carbohydrates and proteins.
Taxes, Order Imbalance and Abnormal Returns around the ex‐Dividend day
Authors: Ainsworth Andrew B. , Fong Kingsley Y.L. , Gallagher David R. , Partington Graham
Published: September 2017

A costly arbitrage model, developed for the Australian imputation tax system, shows that stocks paying dividends with a tax credit are likely targets for ex‐dividend arbitrage. We show that order imbalance, based on the direct observation of buyer and seller initiated trades, is a key factor in price movements around the ex‐dividend day. Buying pressure before the ex‐dividend day aimed at capturing the dividend and tax credit leads to an increase in prices that subsequently reverse in the ex‐dividend period. This effect is concentrated in those stocks distributing a tax credit with their dividend payments. The price pressure resulting from order imbalance is substantially higher around the ex‐dividend day relative to the effect observed outside this period. Our results reject the model of Frank and Jagannathan () that bid‐ask bounce is responsible for the ex‐day premium and provide support for explanations based on taxes, transaction costs, and incomplete price adjustment on the ex‐day.
Estimating the burden of seasonal influenza in Spain from surveillance of mild and severe influenza disease, 2010‐2016
Authors: Oliva Jesús , Delgado‐Sanz Concepción , Larrauri Amparo ,   the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System
Published: September 2017

Background

Estimating the national burden of influenza disease is challenging. We aimed to estimate the disease burden of seasonal influenza in Spain, at the primary care and hospital level, over the 6 influenza seasons after 2009 pandemic.

Methods

We used data from the Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System to estimate weekly influenza rates and the number of influenza‐like illness (ILI) and mild confirmed influenza cases (MCIC). From the surveillance of severe hospitalized confirmed influenza cases (SHCIC), we obtained hospitalization rates and total number of SHCIC, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths in influenza hospitalized patients. We estimated both mild and severe influenza cases, overall, and by age‐group (<5, 5‐14, 15‐64, and ≥65 years).

Results

The highest cumulative rates of MCIC were observed in <15 years (1395‐3155 cases/100 000 population in 5‐14 years) and the lowest in ≥65 years (141‐608 cases/100 000 population). SHCIC rates revealed a characteristic U‐shaped distribution, with annual average hospitalization rates of 16.5 and 18.9 SHCIC/100, 000 p in 0‐4 years, and ≥65 years, respectively. We estimated an annual average of 866 868 cases of ILI attended in primary care (55% were MCIC), 3616 SHCIC, 1232 ICU admissions, and 437 deaths in SHCIC. The percentage of ICU admission among SHCIC was highest at 15‐64 years (42%), while the hospitalization fatality rate ranged from 1% in 0‐4 years to 18% in ≥65 years.

Conclusions

The ongoing Spanish Influenza Surveillance System allowed obtaining crucial information regarding the impact of mild and severe influenza in Spain.
Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Activity of Daily Living Dependence in Older Japanese: The Kurabuchi Study
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Michikawa Takehiro , Imamura Haruhiko , Takebayashi Toru , Nishiwaki Yuji
Published: September 2017

Background/Objectives

Few published studies have investigated the possibility of an association between depressive symptoms and dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) in elderly adults. The objective of the study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and future ADL dependence and to investigate how this association varies according to living circumstances and marital status.

Design

Community‐based prospective observational study.

Setting

Kurabuchi Town, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

Participants

A total of 769 residents aged 65 and older were surveyed at baseline in 2005/06; they were followed up annually during the 7.5‐year study period (follow‐up rate, 99% (n = 763).

Measurements

Presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a score of 2 or greater on the five‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, and dependence in ADLs was defined as admission to a nursing home (institutionalization), eligibility for long‐term care (LTC), or need for help in any of the six basic ADL items in the Katz Index of Independence in ADLs.

Results

Depressive symptoms were observed in 232 of the 763 participants (30.4%). Those with depressive symptoms were more prone to future ADL dependence than those without (adjusted risk ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.61). There was no clear evidence of any effect modification according to living circumstances or marital status on this association, although living with other people or marriage was found to be associated with greater risk of institutionalization.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with future ADL dependence and that living circumstances (except for institutionalization) and marital status do not affect the association.
Dietary Restraint and Consumer Consumption Intentions for Low‐Calorie Snacks
Authors: Niculescu Mihai , Leonhardt James M. , Payne Collin R. , Barney Chet
Published: September 2017

Much is still unknown regarding the reasons that drive consumer consumption intentions for low‐calorie snacks. This research investigates the impact of individuals with low vs. high dietary restraint inferences of low‐calorie snacks on their subsequent consumption intentions. We conducted a between‐subjects experiment in which we asked participants to indicate their consumption intentions and their hedonic and utilitarian value perceptions for more (almonds) vs. less (goldfish crackers) healthy 99‐calorie snacks. In addition, we measured participants' level of dietary restraint. Results suggest that consumers with high vs. low dietary restraint levels do prefer low‐calorie snacks for different reasons. Hedonic value perceptions explain consumers with low dietary restraint preference for the less healthy snack, while utilitarian value perceptions explain consumers with high dietary restraint preference for the healthier snack. We conclude with a discussion on the managerial and policy implications of our findings.
Arthonia incarnata (Arthoniaceae), a rare and poorly known old‐growth forest lichen new to Asia
Authors: Frisch Andreas , Thor Göran , Moon Kwang Hee , Ohmura Yoshihito
Published: September 2017

The rare and poorly known Northern Hemisphere old‐growth forest lichen Arthonia incarnata is reported for the first time for Asia from Japan and Korea. A detailed description and illustration is provided for the species based on the collections from Japan and South Korea. Bayesian and RAxML analyses of mtSSU, nLSU and RPB2 sequence data show A. incarnata to be only distantly related to the other Arthonia species hitherto sequenced and in particular to superficially similar species occurring in the same type of habitat such as A. didyma, A. spadicea and A. vinosa. For the analysis we generated new sequence data of A. incarnata for the mtSSU (5 specimens) and RPB2 (5) gene loci. Slight variation was observed in sequence data of the RPB2 gene between collections from eastern Asia and Sweden, but this is not substantiated by differences in morphology or ecological behaviour. Arthonia incarnata is confined to humid forests and only grows on parts of tree trunks shaded from precipitation and running water such as the lower side of leaning trunks or cavities at the base of trees. The species is found on trees with acidic bark, in eastern Asia mainly on Betula but also on coniferous trees and on dead wood. It was not found on bark of Salix (caprea), a common substrate for the species in Europe.
The Asian Disease Problem and the Ethical Implications Of Prospect Theory
Authors: Dreisbach Sandra , Guevara Daniel
Published: September 2017

We discuss the bearing of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky's Prospect Theory on some central issues in ethics. It has been argued that the theory provides a better explanation of our intuitive responses to some important ethical decision cases—like some famous cases put by Philippa Foot and others—than traditional and widely acknowledged ethical principles do. In this way, Prospect Theory contributes to the new wave of skepticism, emanating from the social sciences, about the role of intuitive judgments in ethical theory and philosophy more generally. We focus on Kahneman and Tversky's famous Asian Disease Problem. We show that the case fails to support Prospect Theory over traditional ethical theory as an explanation of the most common intuitive responses to the case, and, moreover, fails as an account of the most common intuitive responses to Foot's famous trolley case and related cases. We maintain that careful critical attention to all these cases shows that Prospect Theory has not made a successful incursion into ethics, whatever it may have established about non‐ethical decision‐making.
The Soritical Centipede
Authors: Horgan Terry , Ballantyne Nathan , Fiala Brian
Published: September 2017

Two philosophical questions arise about rationality in centipede games that are logically prior to attempts to apply the formal tools of game theory to this topic. First, given that the players have common knowledge of mutual rationality and common knowledge that they are each motivated solely to maximize their own profits, is there a backwards‐induction argument that (i) employs only familiar non‐technical concepts about rationality, (ii) leads to the conclusion that the first player is rationally obligated to end the game at the first step, (iii) is deductively valid, (iv) employs premises all of which are prima facie highly plausible, and (v) is prima facie sound (in virtue of features (iii) and (iv))? Second, if there is such an argument, then is it actually sound, or is it instead defective somehow despite being prima facie sound? Addressing these two questions is our project. We present a backwards‐induction argument that is prima facie sound; we argue that it is an instance of the notorious sorites paradox, and hence that the concepts of rational obligatoriness and rational permissibility are vague; and we briefly address the potential consequences of all this for the foundations of game theory and decision theory.
Reconciling conceptualizations of ethical conduct and person‐centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute care settings
Authors: Rushton Carole , Edvardsson David
Published: September 2017

Key commentators on person‐centred care have described it as a “new ethic of care” which they link inextricably to notions of individual autonomy, action, change and improvement. Two key points are addressed in this article. The first is that few discussions about ethics and person‐centred are underscored by any particular ethical theory. The second point is that despite the espoused benefits of person‐centred care, delivery within the acute care setting remains largely aspirational. Choices nurses make about their practice tend to comply more often with prevailing norms than those championed by person‐centred care. We draw on elements of work by moral philosopher Løgstrup and Foucault to provide insight into nurses’ ethical conduct and ask why nurses would want to act otherwise, when what they think and do is viewed as normal, or think and act otherwise if doing so is seen within the organization as transgressive? To address these more specific questions, we discuss them in relation to the following constructs: the ethical demand, sovereign expressions of life and parrhêsia. We conclude by arguing that a ethical theoretical framework enables nurses to increase their perceptibility and appreciation of the ethical demand particularly those emanating from incommensurability between organizational norms and the norms invoked by person‐centred care. We argue that nurses’ responses to the ethical demand by way of parrhêsia can be an important feature of intra‐organizational reflexivity and its transformation towards the delivery care that is more person‐centred, particularly for older people with cognitive impairment. We conclude the article by highlighting the implications of this for nursing education and research.
Sporadic minute medullary thyroid carcinoma with a double RET mutation: A case report
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Ishii Jun , Chiba Tomohiro , Nakazato Yoko , Hirano Kouichi , Kamma Hiroshi
Published: September 2017

We describe a 74‐year‐old man with a nodular goiter accompanied by an incidental sporadic minute medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Histopathologically, the MTC was a well‐defined 1.7 mm tumor in the upper one‐third right lobe, with solid cell nests (SCNs) adjacent to the MTC. C‐cells were scattered mainly around the SCNs, but C‐cell hyperplasia was not evident in the background thyroid. The MTC cell phenotype was immunohistochemically identical to background C‐cells, but was completely different from the SCN main cells. Direct DNA analyses of isolated MTC paraffin‐embedded specimens revealed two RET proto‐oncogene missense point mutations in exon 11 (i.e., C630R and C634W). The non‐tumor thyroid tissue did not reveal any mutations. This study reports the smallest case of sporadic MTC with a double RET somatic mutation, substantiating that RET mutations can occur during a very early stage of carcinogenesis. The combined presence of C630R and C634W represent a novel somatic mutation in sporadic MTC. The present case indicates that the sporadic MTC originated from the surrounding C‐cells of the SCNs without C‐cell hyperplasia and that the SCN main cells may not be able to develop into an MTC.
Is the wage equation spatial enough? Evidence from a novel regional trade dataset
Authors: Fichet de Clairfontaine Aurélien , Hammer Christoph
Published: September 2017

This study focuses on the market accessibility of European regions and its relationship to income per capita, summarized in the new economic geography (NEG) “wage equation”. In a first step, we make use of a novel dataset of bilateral trade flows for 254 European nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS‐2) regions (for 26 European countries excluding Bulgaria and Romania) in order to estimate trade costs and ultimately construct a regional measure of access to markets. In a second step, we test the hypothesis that access to domestic as well as to foreign markets increases income per capita. We find that, in spite of its spatial formulation, the wage equation is not able to capture local spatial patterns of the distribution of European regional income per capita.
Export diversification and economic development: A dynamic spatial data analysis
Authors: Basile Roberto , Parteka Aleksandra , Pittiglio Rosanna
Published: September 2017

This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the relationship between “export variety” (export diversification) and economic development by relaxing the assumption of cross‐country independence and allowing for spatial diffusion of shocks in observed and unobserved factors. Export variety is measured for a balanced panel of 114 countries (1992–2012) using very detailed information on their exports (HS 6‐digit product level). The estimation results of a dynamic spatial panel data model confirm the relevance of spatial network effects in export diversification: indirect effects (spatial spillovers) strongly reinforce direct effects, while spatial proximity to large countries accelerates the diversification process. In about 10 years the whole space–time diffusion of the diversification shock is widely completed. We reveal that the long‐run spillover impact from European countries is much higher than from other countries such as the United States, Japan, or the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).
Fiscal transfers and regional economic growth
Authors: Dawid H. , Harting P. , Neugart M.
Published: September 2017

In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with periphery countries in the European Union falling even more behind the core countries economically, there have been quests for various kinds of fiscal policies in order to revert divergence. How these policies would unfold and perform comparatively is largely unknown. We analyze four such stylized policies in an agent‐based macroeconomic model and study the economic mechanisms behind their relative success. Our main findings are that the core country sharing the debt burden of the periphery country has almost no effect on the growth dynamics of that region, fiscal transfers have a positive short‐ and long‐run impact on per‐capita consumption in the target region, and that technology‐oriented firm subsidies have the strongest positive long‐run impact on competitiveness of the periphery country at which they are targeted. The positive effect of the technology‐oriented policy is reinforced if combined with household transfers.
Strategic corporate social responsibility by a multinational firm
Authors: Manasakis Constantine , Mitrokostas Evangelos , Petrakis Emmanuel
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the determinants of a responsible multinational firm's decision to enter in a foreign country either through exports or through foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as the relevant market and societal outcomes. We find that coroporate social responsibility (CSR) investments are higher under FDI than under exports. The multinational firm's incentives to serve the foreign country through FDI are increasing in the average consumer's valuation for CSR and in the intensity of the foreign country's market competition, but only if the average consumer's valuation for CSR in this country is sufficiently high. These incentives are mitigated by the multinational firm's liability in this country under exports. We also find that there is misalignment of preferences between the stakeholders of the two countries over the multinational firm's mode of entry in the foreign country.
Situating organisational learning and public participation: Stories, spaces and connections
Authors: Pallett Helen
Published: September 2017

This paper gives one of the first in‐depth ethnographic accounts of organisational learning in a public participation organisation, theUKGovernment‐funded Sciencewise programme. It develops the concept of “organisational spaces”, highlighting the often diverse spaces found within organisational networks, and positing a co‐productionist relationship between these different spaces and the kinds of learning processes that occur. The approach taken affirms the significant and active role of space in organisational learning processes, in a science policy context, as well as demonstrating the importance of connections between different organisational spaces in enabling more transformative learning processes. Two organisational spaces are described based on in‐depth ethnographic and qualitative research in and around the Sciencewise programme 2013–2014. It is argued that informal, temporary and experimental organisational spaces have the potential to co‐produce more transformative instances of learning, making an understanding of their connectedness to more formal and routinised organisational spaces vital for future research.
Pilot evaluation of the antipruritic efficacy of a topical transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily 8 (TRPM8) agonist in dogs with atopic dermatitis and pedal pruritus
Authors: Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Murphy K. Marcia , Olivry Thierry
Published: September 2017

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) requires a multimodal therapy and there is a need for effective adjunctive interventions. TRPM8 agonists are known to alleviate pruritus by inducing cooling.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of a novel TRPM8 agonist, 1‐diisopropylphosphorylheptane (Cryosim‐1), in atopic dogs.

Animals

Nine client owned dogs with moderate to severe pedal pruritus associated with nonseasonal AD.

Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, intraindividual, placebo‐controlled study. A 2% Cryosim‐1 or placebo‐vehicle cream was applied to each forepaw twice daily for seven days. The owner rated the pruritus manifestations once daily using a pedal Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) and provided a Owner's Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE) at study end.

Results

After seven days, the numbers of dogs with a pedal PVAS <2.0 for Cryosim‐1 and placebo were three and five of nine, respectively; likewise, OGATE scores of good‐to‐excellent were two and five of eight, respectively – these proportions were not significant between treatment groups (P = 0.32 and 0.16, respectively). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between Cryosim‐1 and placebo in the median percentage change from baseline PVAS (47% versus 75%; P = 0.15) and in the number of dogs with a ≥50% or a ≥90% reduction from baseline pedal PVAS (four of nine versus five of nine, P = 0.50; two of nine versus two of nine, P = 0.72).

Conclusions

In this pilot trial with a TRPM8 agonist in atopic dogs with pedal pruritus, the twice daily application of a 2% Cryosim‐1 cream did not have an antipruritic effect superior to that of its vehicle.