bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndromes hipertensivas da gestação e repercussões perinatais
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane Alves de , Lins Carla Pereira , Sá Renato Augusto Moreira de , Netto Hermógenes Chaves , Bornia Rita Guerios , Silva Nancy Ribeiro da , Amim Junior Joffre
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVOS: avaliar repercussões perinatais nas síndromes hipertensivas em gestações. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional e retrospectivo, realizado em hospital terciário, entre janeiro de 1996 e outubro de 2003. Um total de 12.272 gestações preencheu critérios de inclusão. Dois tipos de hipertensão foram considerados: hipertensão gestacional (HG) e hipertensão arterial crônica (HAC). Variáveis estudadas: fetos pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG), Apgar baixo no 1º e 5º minutos, infecção neonatal, síndrome de aspiração meconial (SAM), prematuridade, síndrome de angústia respiratória (SAR). RESULTADOS: 1259 (10,26%) gestantes tinham hipertensão; 344 (2,80%) foram classificadas como HG, 915 (7,45%) como HAC, havendo 11.013 (89,74%) gestantes normotensas. HG constituiu risco elevado para: PIG, Apgar baixo no 1º e 5º minutos, infecção neonatal e prematuridade, mas não para SAM e SAR. HAC constituiu risco elevado para: PIG, Apgar baixo no 1º minuto, SAM, prematuridade e SAR, mas não para Apgar baixo no 5º minuto e infecção neonatal. Quando comparamos os riscos relativos dos grupos de HAC e HG, houve maior risco de prematuridade no grupo de HAC. CONCLUSÕES: dados sugerem que tanto HAC quanto HG aumentaram risco para PIG, Apgar baixo no 1º e 5º minutos, infecção neonatal, SAM, prematuridade e SAR. HAC apresentou maior risco relativo para prematuridade.
Ambigüidade genital: a percepção da doença e os anseios dos pais
Authors: Silva Carlos Antonio Bruno da , Brito Heleni B. de , Ribeiro Erlane Marques , Brandão-Neto José
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVOS: identificar a percepção e os mecanismos de enfrentamento utilizados por pais frente à ambigüidade genital de seus filhos em suas diversas etapas evolutivas. MÉTODOS: estudo qualitativo, baseado nos relatos de 15 pais, todos de diferentes famílias, sobre seus anseios no desenvolvimento da criança. Realizado no ambulatório de patologias endócrino-genéticas do Hospital Geral César Cals, no Ceará, em 2004. RESULTADOS: as categorias que emergiram através do discurso dos sujeitos foram: o medo e a ansiedade, e os mecanismos de enfrentamento foram: a negação; a fuga; a regressão/projeção e a racionalização. Observou-se que as tensões e angústias no período neonatal são expressas através do medo da morte, da doença incurável e dos medicamentos. No período infantil, do procedimento cirúrgico (genitália ambígua) e da sexualidade (homossexualismo). Na projeção da fase puberal e adulta há o temor da marginalização, do preconceito, da homossexualidade e da infertilidade. As angústias relatadas foram de quem seria a culpa, a definição sexual (ambigüidade) e a necessidade do segredo. CONCLUSÕES: a genitália ambígua consiste em uma patologia de alta complexidade, que desestabiliza a harmonia psicológica familiar. Nas situações de ambigüidade genital, a detecção e desmistificação dos medos e anseios dos pais devem fazer parte do plano terapêutico.
Avaliação do consumo alimentar de crianças pertencentes a uma creche filantrópica na Ilha de Paquetá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Roseane M. S. , Carvalho Carolina G. do N. , Franco Viviane C. , Salles-Costa Rosana , Soares Eliane A.
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVOS: comparar o consumo alimentar de pré-escolares, pertencentes a uma creche filantrópica, em dois períodos (no ato da matrícula e após seis meses), com base na proposta da Pirâmide Alimentar Infantil Norte-Americana e através do Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS). MÉTODOS: relativamente à avaliação dietética, foi utilizada a história alimentar da criança com o responsável, no ato da matrícula; após seis meses de frequência da criança, utilizou-se o método de pesagem de alimentos (na creche) e registro alimentar (na residência). Posteriormente, compararam-se as médias das porções consumidas nos dois períodos, de cada grupo alimentar, utilizando o teste "t" Student, a fim de se verificar a diferença estatística entre os grupos. Considerou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Igualmente, avaliou-se o IAS, nos dois períodos. RESULTADOS: observou-se uma diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre a média das porções de frutas e vegetais, com base na Pirâmide Alimentar Americana, e um escore satisfatório do Índice de Alimentação Saudável, após seis meses de frequência da criança na creche. CONCLUSÕES: a freqüência à creche parece trazer benefícios para a nutrição de crianças pertencentes à estratos socioeconômicos menos favorecidos.
Perfil das admissões em uma unidade de terapia intensiva obstétrica de uma maternidade brasileira
Authors: Amorim Melania Maria Ramos de , Katz Leila , Ávila Marina Brito , Araújo Daniella Ericson , Valença Mariana , Albuquerque Carlos Japhet da Mata , Carvalho Ana Rita Marinho Ribeiro , Souza Alex Sandro Rolland de
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVOS: descrever a experiência de três anos com terapia intensiva em obstetrícia em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em setor que permite que obstetras continuem conduzindo as pacientes obstétricas criticamente enfermas. MÉTODOS: estudo avaliando 933 pacientes atendidas na UTI obstétrica do Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) de setembro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2005. As variáveis foram idade, paridade, diagnóstico de admissão, época da admissão, diagnósticos e complicações durante o internamento, procedimentos invasivos empregados e resultado final. RESULTADOS: as três principais causas de internamento foram hipertensão (87%), hemorragia obstétrica (4,9%) e infecção (2,1%). A idade média foi 25 anos e 65% dos partos, cesarianas. Anemia foi achado freqüente (58,4%). Outros diagnósticos: insuficiência renal, doença tromboembólica, cardiopatia, edema agudo de pulmão, sepse, choque hemorrágico. Das 814 pacientes admitidas com hipertensão associada à gestação, 65% tinham pré-eclâmpsia grave, 16% pré-eclâmpsia leve e 11% eclâmpsia. Síndrome HELLP ocorreu em 46%. Ventilação mecânica foi necessária em 3,6% e hemotransfusão em 17%. A duração média do internamento foi cinco dias (1-41). A taxa de óbito foi 2,4%. CONCLUSÕES: a taxa de morte foi relativamente baixa, sugerindo que uma UTI conduzida por obstetras pode ser uma estratégia factível para reduzir a mortalidade materna.
Behavior of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in planorbids
Authors: Banevicius N. M. S. , Zanotti-Magalhães E. M. , Magalhães L. A. , Linhares A. X.
Published: August 2006

Some terrestrial mollusks are natural hosts of Angiostrongylus costaricensis. In the laboratory, this nematode can be maintained in certain planorbids, which are aquatic mollusks and intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Mollusks can be infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis by ingestion of or active penetration by the first-stage larvae. In this work we assessed the ability of Biomphalaria glabrata to attract first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis. Movement of the nematode larvae towards the mollusks was observed after 15 min, 30 min and 1 h. B. glabrata did not attract the first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis in any of the three intervals. The susceptibility of two populations of Biomphalaria tenagophila to infection by A. costaricensis was also determined. One population was genetically selected for the susceptibility to S. mansoni while the other was not. Third-stage larvae were recovered from the snails 30 days after exposure of the two populations to 120 first-stage larvae. All the mollusks were infected. However, a significantly higher number of third-stage larvae were recovered in mollusks not genetically selected.
Annual and short-term variability in primary productivity by phytoplankton and correlated abiotic factors in the Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Henry R. , Nogueira M. G. , Pompeo M. L. M. , Moschini-Carlos V.
Published: August 2006

The annual variability of the photosynthetic production (PP) by phytoplankton in the lacustrine zone of the Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil) was evaluated in a three-year study to identify recurrent patterns and their causes. Variability in PP was measured daily during two periods of the year (the dry and rainy seasons). An analysis of the PP data failed to identify a recurrent pattern, since the PP values showed no correlation with hydrological factors (rainfall, water level and discharge, and washout) nor, apparently, with the water’s nutritional conditions. A principal component analysis revealed that the PP and assimilation ratio were higher when the PO4(3-) and N-NH4+ contents were low and the Z EU/Z MIX ratios were at their highest. Areal primary productivity can be predicted based on the ratio between the maximum volumetric productivity and the coefficient of vertical extinction of light. However, the biomass integrated for Z EU was a poor predictor of areal primary productivity. No correlation was found between water temperature and areal and maximum volumetric productivity. Thus, the three-year PP study indicated that the variability pattern is typically chaotic. As for the short-term measurements, the PP was found to be higher in the dry season than in the rainy, although both seasons showed an areal PP variability of 35 to 40%. This pattern was attributed to the daily variation in the nutritional conditions and the magnitude of light penetrating through the water, combined with the mixing of phytoplanktonic cells. A comment about the relationship between primary production by phytoplankton and fish yield is also briefly discussed here.
Stock assessment and fishery management of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1970 and F. paulensis Pérez-Farfante, 1967 in Southeastern Brazil (23° to 28° S)
Authors: Leite Jr. N. O. , Petrere Jr. M.
Published: August 2006

Quantitative analyses of the pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and Farfantepenaeus paulensis) fisheries were carried out using data collected from July 1999 to July 2001 from the trawling operations of the fishing fleet based in Santos/Guarujá, SP. According to classical models, the fishery is at its maximum sustainable yield. Therefore, reduction of the fishing effort and adequate season and area closures seem to be the best management actions for the pink shrimp fishery.
Microhabitat use by two rocky shore gastropods in an intertidal sandy substrate with rocky fragments
Authors: Turra A. , Denadai M. R.
Published: August 2006

Sandy beaches in some areas of the São Sebastião Channel in southeastern Brazil have unremittingly undergone a variety of impacts, including the deposition of rock fragments in the intertidal region. Consequently, these environments support a rich fauna comprising both sandy beach and rocky shore organisms. Two rocky shore gastropods, Tegula viridula and Morula nodulosa, are particularly abundant in such environments. An evaluation of the use of microhabitats by these two species revealed that they occupy the available microhabitats in different proportions and the presence of one species is associated with the absence of the other. Morula nodulosa is randomly dispersed, occupying mostly areas with rock fragments covered with sediment and branching brown algae. Tegula viridula shows a clumped dispersion associated with the patchiness of the microhabitats used: the presence of encrusting green algae and absence of sediment and branching brown algae covering the rocks. These findings suggest T. viridula has a lower tolerance than M. nodulosa to sand inundation of the rocky fragments, a stochastic event common to the environment in question.
Levantamento florístico de Floresta Atlântica no sul do Estado de São Paulo, Parque Estadual Intervales, Base Saibadela
Authors: Zipparro Valesca Bononi , Guilherme Frederico Augusto G. , Almeida-Scabbia Renata J. , Morellato L. Patrícia C.
Published: August 2006

Foi realizado um levantamento florístico no Parque Estadual Intervales, Base Saibadela (24º14'08"S, 48º04'42"W), que faz parte da maior área contínua de Floresta Atlântica brasileira remanescente, situada no sul do Estado de São Paulo. Durante os anos de 1993-1997 e 1999-2002 foram feitas coletas mensais de material botânico, principalmente ao longo de trilhas e parcelas no interior da floresta. Foi registrado um total de 436 espécies vegetais, 74 monocotiledôneas (incluindo os grupos parafiléticos), sendo descobertas cinco espécies novas. A riqueza florística na Base Saibadela foi compatível com a riqueza florística encontrada em outras localidades de Floresta Atlântica. O hábito arbóreo representou 57,1% das espécies, seguido de epífitas (12,6%), lianas (10,3%), herbáceas (9,4%) e arbustos (9,2%). As famílias Myrtaceae (55), Rubiaceae (32), Fabaceae (25), Melastomataceae (23), Araceae (20), Lauraceae, Orchidaceae e Solanaceae (14 espécies cada) apresentaram a maior riqueza florística. O gênero Eugenia apresentou 25 espécies, destacando-se dos demais gêneros encontrados. A dispersão por animais foi expressivamente maior do que os demais modos, representando 80,7% das 419 espécies cuja síndrome foi determinada, confirmando o padrão encontrado para outras florestas tropicais úmidas e ressaltando a importância da fauna na Floresta Atlântica.
Relationship between body mass and body length in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
Authors: Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros , Bonach Kelly , Verdade Luciano Martins
Published: August 2006

As a part of a management program we captured 39 capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in an agroecosystem at the east central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil from March 2001 to May 2002. Average adult male body mass was 54.1 ± 8.05 kg, and average adult female body mass was 62.0 ± 12.03 kg. Average juvenile male body mass was 23.0 ± 8.28 kg, and average juvenile female body mass was 26.7 ± 5.86 kg. Males and females presented a significant variation in the allometric relation between body mass and body length. Body mass and body length had a high correlation for both adult males and adult females. These results from capybaras in agroecosystem might be relevant for further management programs.
Surpresa e a formação da satisfação do consumidor
Authors: Larán Juliano A. , Rossi Carlos Alberto Vargas
Published: August 2006

O artigo apresenta o teste de um novo modelo, teoricamente lastreado, da influência das surpresas positiva e negativa no processo de formação da satisfação. Os resultados de uma pesquisa survey demonstram uma influência negativa da surpresa negativa na satisfação, totalmente mediada pelo afeto negativo, e uma influência positiva da surpresa positiva na satisfação, totalmente mediada pelo afeto positivo. O artigo contribui para o entendimento das principais emoções que determinam a satisfação, com foco na surpresa, que pode ter valência tanto positiva quanto negativa.
Dialética da exclusão / inclusão em uma organização industrial
Authors: Coutinho Maria Chalfin
Published: August 2006

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os processos coletivos de identificação de trabalhadores inseridos em um grupo empresarial com estratégias participativas de gestão. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de metodologia empírica. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a existência de dois perfis profissionais: antigos e novos. Os antigos correspondem àqueles que ainda permaneceram, apesar de desvalorizados pela administração. Eles não têm perspectivas de progresso profissional e correm risco eminente de exclusão. Os novos correspondem aos jovens trabalhadores, mais valorizados pelos gestores, com maior escolaridade, iniciativa, habilidade para executar tarefas variadas e expectativas de progresso profissional. Esses resultados revelam a presença da dialética da exclusão/inclusão no interior da organização industrial investigada.
Coffee carbohydrates
Authors: Redgwell Robert , Fischer Monica
Published: August 2006

This review summarises recent advances in the chemistry, physiology and molecular properties of coffee carbohydrates with a particular focus on the cell wall polysaccharides. The results of detailed chemical studies have demonstrated novel structural features of both the galactomannans and the arabinogalactan polysaccharides of the green and roasted coffee bean. For the first time immunological probes based on monoclonal antibodies for specific polysaccharide epitopes were used to reveal the patterns of distribution of the galactomannans, arabinogalactans and pectic polysaccharides in the coffee bean cell wall. Finally, the results of physiological and molecular studies are presented which emphasise the growing awareness of the potential role the metabolic status of the green bean may play in final coffee beverage quality.
Coffee biotechnology
Authors: De Los Santos-Briones César , Hernández-Sotomayor S. M. Teresa
Published: August 2006

In the last three decades, interest has turned to in vitro cell culture in different areas of coffee research. In vitro techniques have been applied not only for coffee improvement through genetic transformation but also to study various aspects in coffee cells such as chemical (caffeine synthesis and the production of coffee aroma), physiological and more recently, biochemical aspects. The most important advances obtained to date on in vitro coffee techniques in fields like biochemistry, physiology, regeneration systems and genetic engineering, are presented and discussed.
On-line HPLC analysis of the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in brewed, paper-filtered coffee
Authors: Stalmach Angélique , Mullen William , Nagai Chifumi , Crozier Alan
Published: August 2006

Caffeoyl-, feruloyl- and dicaffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acids) in infusions from green and medium roasted coffee beans were identified and quantified by reverse phase HPLC with photodiode array and MS³ detection prior to assessment of the antioxidant activity using an HPLC system with post-column on-line antioxidant detection based on 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging activity. Caffeoylquinic acids were the most abundant antioxidants and roasting induced isomerisation with a decline in 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and concomitant increases in the 3- and 4-O-derivatives. This did not affect the level of caffeoylquinic acid-derived antioxidant activity in the roasted coffee. Roasting did, however, result in the appearance of additional unidentified HPLC peaks with antioxidant activity. Because of this and an increase in the antioxidant activity of components that did not elute from the reversed phase HPLC column, the antioxidant capacity of the beverage derived from medium roast beans was double that of the unroasted coffee. The antioxidant activity of coffees that have undergone different degrees of roasting would, therefore, appear to be due to combinations of different components. The effect of roasting on chlorogenic acids in coffee beans is considered, and the possible contribution of Maillard reaction products to the antioxidant capacity of roasted coffees is discussed.
Prevalência do refluxo na veia safena parva em varizes primárias não complicadas dos membros inferiores pelo eco-Doppler colorido
Authors: Secchi Fabio , Miyamotto Marcio , França Graciliano José , Oliveira Aguinaldo de , Vidal Enrique Antônio , Timi Jorge R. Ribas , Moreira Ricardo C. Rocha
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de refluxo venoso na veia safena parva em membros inferiores com varizes primárias não complicadas pelo eco-Doppler colorido. MÉTODO: No período de 18 meses, 1.953 pacientes foram submetidos ao eco-Doppler colorido de membros inferiores por doença venosa. Destes, 1.631 com varizes primárias não complicadas foram selecionados para esta análise, sendo que 1.383 eram do sexo feminino (84,79%) e 248 (15,21%) do sexo masculino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 42,89 (± 0,48) anos, variando de 13 a 85 anos. Dos 1.631 pacientes, 1.323 foram submetidos a exame bilateral e 308 a exame unilateral, totalizando 2.954 membros inferiores com varizes primárias não complicadas avaliados. Desse total, 1.461 eram membros inferiores direitos e 1.493, esquerdos. Todos os exames foram realizados seguindo o mesmo protocolo. RESULTADO: Dos 2.954 membros inferiores avaliados, 372 (12,59%) apresentaram refluxo em veia safena parva. A prevalência nos homens foi de 14,08% e, nas mulheres, de 12,35%. O refluxo da safena parva foi maior no membro inferior esquerdo (13.13%) do que no direito (12,05%). A prevalência do refluxo foi significativamente maior nos pacientes acima de 60 anos. CONCLUSÃO: O refluxo da veia safena parva é relativamente comum, e sua pesquisa deve ser sempre realizada em pacientes com varizes primárias de membros inferiores.
Tratamento combinado da cirurgia de varizes com a escleroterapia de telangiectasias dos membros inferiores no mesmo ato
Authors: Gaspar Ricardo José , Medeiros Charles Angotti Furtado de
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVOS: A escleroterapia por método químico é o tratamento mais tradicional para eliminar as telangiectasias. Há varias décadas, é realizada em consultório, mas com alto índice de abandono devido ao seu caráter prolongado, doloroso e, por isso, pouco eficaz. Uma grande proporção destes pacientes apresenta também insuficiência de tributárias, ou seja, veias varicosas com indicação de fleboextração e que serão submetidas à cirurgia. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a opção de tratamento combinado da cirurgia de varizes com a escleroterapia das telangiectasias no mesmo ato. MÉTODOS: De janeiro de 1998 a março de 2002, 213 pacientes (426 membros inferiores) foram submetidos ao tratamento das telangiectasias por meio de injeção de glicose hipertônica durante a cirurgia de varizes. RESULTADOS: Mais de 90% dos pacientes relataram altos índices de satisfação estética. A escleroterapia complementar foi necessária em 165 pacientes, para atingir plena satisfação estética durante o seguimento. Não foram constatados casos de tromboflebites superficiais, nem de trombose venosa profunda. Também não houve relatos de complicações graves. Em 10% dos casos, foram necessárias pequenas drenagens de microtrombos residuais. O índice de manchas hipercrômicas não ultrapassou 3%. Apenas um paciente desenvolveu uma pequena úlcera no dorso do pé (0,2%), que cicatrizou espontaneamente. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento combinado da cirurgia de varizes com a escleroterapia das telangiectasias dos membros inferiores é uma alternativa para os pacientes que desejam um resultado mais rápido e indolor. As sessões múltiplas com injeção de glicose hipertônica são uma opção segura e eficaz.
Tratamento endoluminal de aneurismas anastomóticos na aorta abdominal: relato de dois casos
Authors: Aun Ricardo , Saliture Neto Fernando Tavares , Lederman Alex , Waksman Hilton
Published: August 2006

Os aneurismas anastomóticos que envolvem a anastomose proximal de reconstruções do território aorto-ilíaco são graves, e as operações convencionais para sua correção são complexas e passíveis de graves complicações. Apresentamos dois casos de aneurismas de anastomoses proximais de enxerto aorto-bifemoral que ocorreram após 15 e 18 anos, respectivamente, de evolução dos enxertos e que foram corrigidos pela técnica endoluminal. Ambos os pacientes evoluíram bem e foram submetidos a controle pela tomografia computadorizada com 12 e 6 meses de evolução, respectivamente, com exclusão do aneurisma.
Aneurisma verdadeiro bilateral de artéria tibial posterior
Authors: Marques Silvio Romero de Barros , Guedes Rodrigo Augusto de Aguiar , Lins Esdras Marques , Lucena Belchior Medeiros de , Maranhão Carlos Alexandre Albuquerque , Tenório Emmanulle
Published: August 2006

Neste artigo, faz-se o relato de um caso de aneurisma verdadeiro bilateral da artéria tibial posterior em paciente de 57 anos. Os aneurismas surgiram em épocas diferentes. Os aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos deste caso são discutidos. Este relato é importante, pois os autores não têm conhecimento de caso semelhante na literatura consultada.
Effectiveness of NaOCl alone or in combination with EDTA on the diffusion of hydroxyl ions released by calcium hydroxide paste
Authors: Felippe Mara Cristina Santos , Felippe Wilson Tadeu , Espezim Catherine Schmitz , Freitas Sérgio Fernando Torres de
Published: August 2006

AIM: To evaluate the effect of different irrigant solutions employed during removal and replacement of calcium hydroxide paste on the diffusion of hydroxyl ions through root canal dentine in vitro. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-five maxillary and mandibular human canines with straight and fully developed roots were used. After mechanical preparation up to 1mm short of tooth length, 30 canals were filled with calcium hydroxide paste and 5 canals were left empty; all teeth had their coronal accesses properly sealed. Teeth were placed in plastic containers with distilled water, and pH was read after 30 days when the paste from 20 teeth was renewed. After removal of the paste by endodontic instrumentation and irrigation with distilled water, canals were replenished with newly mixed paste in Group 1 and 2. In these groups, final irrigation was conducted with 5 mL of EDTA followed by 5 mL of NaOCl in specimens in Group 1, and 5 mL of NaOCl only in specimens in Group 2. In 10 teeth the paste was not replenished at 30 days (Group 3). All specimens were returned to the containers with fresh distilled water, and the pH was recorded after another 30 days. The differences between the first (30d) and second (60d) pH readings were calculated and submitted to analysis of variance and individual comparisons using the Scheffeé's test. RESULTS: Results of mean analysis on differences of pH readings showed that greater diffusion had occurred on specimens in Group 3. Individual comparisons using Scheffeé's test showed statistical significance between Groups 2 and 3, and equivalence between all other groups. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the use of EDTA did not enhance diffusion of hydroxyl ions through root canal dentine.
Blastoma pulmonar: tratamento cirúrgico por lobectomia superior direita e broncoplastia
Authors: Pilla Eduardo Sperb , Sanchez Pablo , Mädke Gabriel Ribeiro , Camargo Spencer , Camargo José de Jesus Peixoto
Published: August 2006

O blastoma pulmonar é um tumor maligno raro, de crescimento rápido, composto por uma mistura de células epiteliais e mesenquimais malignas. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com hemoptise e uma massa no lobo superior direito. Apresentava uma reserva pulmonar limitada e achado fibrobroncoscópico de comprometimento do brônquio intermediário. O tratamento realizado através de lobectomia superior direita com broncoplastia foi inédito. A paciente encontra-se assintomática após 36 meses de seguimento. A literatura é revisada em relação a aspectos clínicos, anatomopatológico e tratamento.
Effect of dentinal surface preparation on bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems
Authors: Rocha Patrícia Itocazo , Borges Alessandra Bühler , Rodrigues José Roberto , Arrais César Augusto Galvão , Giannini Marcelo
Published: August 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of the self-etching primer Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and the one-step self-etching One-Up Bond F (OUB). The exposed flat dentin surfaces of twenty-four sound third molars were prepared with diamond bur at high-speed, carbide bur at low-speed or wet ground with #600 grit SiC paper. The adhesive systems were applied to the dentin surfaces and light-cured according to the manufacturers' instructions. A 6-mm high composite crown was incrementally built-up and each increment was light-cured for 40 seconds. After being stored in water (37°C/24 h), the samples were serially sectioned parallel to the long axis, forming beams (n = 20) with a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.8 mm². The specimens were tested in a Universal Testing Machine at 0.5 mm/min. The cross-sectional area was measured and the results (MPa) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey Test (p < 0.05). Overall, the groups treated with CSE exhibited the highest TBS for all surface treatments. Dentin surfaces prepared with carbide bur at low speed reduced TBS in the CSE group; however, OUB was not affected by surface treatments. The effect of surface abrasive methods on TBS was material-dependent.
Up-regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in the ovary of rats by chronic treatment with hCG and insulin
Authors: Lima Maria H M , Souza Lílian C , Caperuto Luciana C , Bevilacqua Estela , Gasparetti Alessandra L , Zanuto Ricardo , Saad Mario J A , Carvalho Carla R O
Published: August 2006

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests as chronic anovulation, ovarian hyperandrogenism, and follicular cysts, which are amplified by insulin as well as the inability of the hormone to stimulate glucose uptake in classic target tissues such as muscle and fat. In the present study, we evaluated the regulation of the insulin-signaling pathways by using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting in whole extracts of ovaries from non-pregnant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-treated rats, hyperinsulinemic-induced rats and hyperinsulinemic-induced rats, treated with hCG for 22 consecutive days. There were increased associations of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 with phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, followed by enhanced protein kinase B (Akt) serine and threonine phosphorylation, in the ovaries of rats that were treated with hCG, either alone or with insulin. In contrast, the skeletal muscle demonstrated a reduced IRS-1/PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway in hyperinsulinemic-induced rats. These intracellular modifications were accompanied by follicular cysts, detected by optical microscopy, and increased androstenedione serum levels. In summary, our data show that chronic treatment with hCG or hCG plus insulin can induce changes in ovaries that simulate PCOS. In these situations, an increase in the insulin-induced IRS/PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway occurs in the ovary, suggesting that the activation of this pathway may have a role in the development of PCOS.
Prolactin activates mammalian target-of-rapamycin through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and stimulates phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-binding protein-1 in lymphoma cells
Authors: Bishop Jessica D , Nien Wei Lun , Dauphinee Shauna M , Too Catherine K L
Published: August 2006

Mitogens activate the mammalian target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) pathway through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). The activated mTOR kinase phosphorylates/ activates ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and phosphorylates/inactivates eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1), resulting in the initiation of translation and cell-cycle progression. The prolactin receptor signaling cascade has been implicated in crosstalk with the mTOR pathway, but whether prolactin (PRL) directly activates mTOR is not known. This study showed that PRL stimulated the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, Akt, and Jak2 kinases in a dose- and time-dependent manner in PRL-dependent rat Nb2 lymphoma cells. PRL-stimulated phosphorylation of mTOR was detected as early as 10 min, closely following the phosphorylation of Akt (upstream of mTOR), but preceding that of the downstream p70S6K. PRL activation of mTOR was inhibited by rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), LY249002, and wortmannin (P13K inhibitors), but not by AG490 (Jak2 inhibitor), indicating that it was mediated by the P13K/Akt, but not Jak2, pathway. PRL also stimulated phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in Nb2 cells. PRL-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 was inhibited by rapamycin, but not by okadaic acid (inhibitor of protein phosphatase, PP2A). PRL induced a transient interaction between p70S6K and the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) in 1 and 2 h, whereas a PP2Ac–4E-BP1 complex was constitutively present in quiescent and PRL-treated Nb2 cells. These results suggested that p70S6K and 4E-BP1 were substrates of PP2A and the inhibition of mTOR promoted their dephosphorylation by PP2A. In summary, PRL-stimulated phosphorylation of mTOR is mediated by PI3K. PRL-activated mTOR may phosphorylate p70S6K and 4E-BP1 by restraining PP2A.
Exercise and dexamethasone oppositely modulate β-cell function and survival via independent pathways in 90% pancreatectomized rats
Authors: Choi Soo Bong , Jang Jin Sun , Hong Sang Mee , Jun Dong Wha , Park Sunmin
Published: August 2006

Long-term dexamethasone (DEX) treatment is well known for its ability to increase insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissues leading to hyperinsulinemia. On the other hand, exercise enhances peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, it is not clear whether DEX and/or exercise affect β-cell mass and function in diabetic rats, and whether their effects can be associated with the modulation of the insulin/IGF-I signaling cascade in pancreatic β-cells. After an 8-week study, whole body glucose disposal rates in 90% pancreatectomized (Px) and sham-operated male rats decreased with a high dose treatment of DEX (0.1mg DEX/kg body weight/day)(HDEX) treatment, while disposal rates increased with exercise. First-phase insulin secretion was decreased and delayed by DEX via the impairment of the glucose-sensing mechanism in β-cells, while exercise reversed the impairment of first-phase insulin secretion caused by DEX, suggesting ameliorated β-cell functions. However, exercise and DEX did not alter second-phase insulin secretion except for the fact that HDEX decreased insulin secretion at 120 min during hyperglycemic clamp in Px rats. Unlike β-cell functions, DEX and exercise exhibited increased pancreatic β-cell mass in two different pathways. Only exercise, through increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, increased β-cell mass via hyperplasia, which resulted from an enhanced insulin/IGF-I signaling cascade by insulin receptor substrate 2 induction. By contrast, DEX expanded β-cell mass via hypertrophy and neogenesis from precursor cells, rather than increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis. In conclusion, the improvement of β-cell function and survival via the activation of an insulin/IGF-I signaling cascade due to exercise has a crucial role in preventing the development and progression of type 2 diabetes.
Downregulation of the constitutively expressed Hsc70 in diabetic myocardium is mediated by insulin deficiency
Authors: Chen Harn-Shen , Jia Jia , Su Hou-Fen , Lin Hong-Da , Chen Jaw-Wen , Lin Shing-Jong , Yang Jia-Ying , Lai Hui-Chin , Mestril Ruben , Wang Ping H
Published: August 2006

The 70 kDa heat shock protein family plays important cardiac protective roles against myocardial injuries. Reduced myocardial protection is a common feature of diabetic myocardium. This study was carried out to define the changes in the 70 kDa heat shock protein family in the myocardium in the of streptozotocin-diabetes rats, and to explore the mechanisms through which diabetes alters the abundance of Hsp70/Hsc70 in cardiac muscle. In the diabetic myocardium, the abundance of Hsc70 was significantly reduced. The abundance of Hsp70 was low in cardiac muscle and was not induced in the diabetic myocardium. Unlike Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsc70 did not augment insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling in cardiac muscle cells. In cultured cardiomyocytes, insulin directly increased the abundance of Hsc70, whereas insulin could not modulate Hsp70. Treating diabetic rats with insulin restored myocardial Hsc70 level, but phlorizin treatment failed to restore myocardial Hsc70. These in vivo and in vitro studies showed that downregulation of Hsc70 in diabetic myocardium was secondary to insulin deficiency. Thus, insulin played a major role in maintaining adequate expression of Hsc70 in cardiac muscle.
Cell-surface expression, progestin binding, and rapid nongenomic signaling of zebrafish membrane progestin receptors α and β in transfected cells
Authors: Hanna Richard , Pang Yefei , Thomas Peter , Zhu Yong
Published: August 2006

Recently, a unique family of membrane progestin receptors (mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ) was identified, which may be responsible for mediating rapid, nongenomic actions of progestins in a variety of target tissues. In this study, the mPRα and mPRβ isoforms from zebrafish were shown to be rapidly and specifically activated by the maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) of this species, 4-pregnen-17,20β-diol-3-one (17,20β-DHP). The zebrafish mPRα and a previously uncharacterized mPRβ isoform were stably expressed in nuclear progesterone receptor-deficient mammalian breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. Expression and surface localization of the receptors were verified by flow cytometry, biotin surface labeling, and Western blotting. Plasma membrane proteins from mPRα- or mPRβ-transfected cells showed high affinity (mPRα, Kd 7 nM; mPRβ, Kd 12 nM), saturable, displaceable, single-binding sites specific for 17,20β-DHP, whereas negligible specific 17,20β-DHP binding was observed in nontransfected cells. Progestin treatment caused significant activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) within 5 min in cells transfected with either of the receptors as measured by western blotting and flow cytometry. The rank order of the potencies of several progestins in activating MAPK via mPRα and mPRβ was the same (17,20β-DHP>progesterone >4-pregnen-17,20β,21-triol-3-one). Interestingly, the MIS in zebrafish, 17,20β-DHP, was also the most potent inhibitor, among the progestins tested, of adenylyl cyclase activity in cells transfected with either of the receptors. This progestin significantly decreased cAMP levels in both mPRα- and mPRβ-transfected cells in a dose-responsive and time-dependent manner. In addition, signaling of the zebrafish mPRα was blocked by pertussis toxin, implying activation of a Gi protein, while sensitivity to pertussis or cholera toxin was not shown with mPRβ-mediated signaling, possibly indicating that this receptor activates a different pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein. The results of this study suggest that zebrafish mPRα and mPRβ signal similarly upon progestin binding resulting in rapid activation of MAPK and downregulation of adenylyl cyclase activity.
Estrogen induces angiogenesis of the female rabbit bladder
Authors: Lin Alpha Dian-Yu , Mannikarottu Anita , Kogan Barry A , Whitbeck Catherine , Chichester Paul , Leggett Robert E , Levin Robert M
Published: August 2006

Postmenopausal bladder dysfunction has been speculated to involve decreased circulating estrogen levels. It is our hypothesis that estrogen induces bladder dysfunctions by modulating blood flow to the bladder, i.e. low estrogen reduces blood flow to the bladder, whereas high estrogen increases blood flow. Our previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen administration in female rabbits induces a ‘functional hypertrophy’ of the urinary bladder smooth muscle represented by increased smooth muscle mass, which corresponds to increased contractile responses to all forms of stimulation. The present study investigates the effect of estrogen on vasculature density and distribution. Twenty-four female New Zealand white rabbits were separated into six groups of four rabbits each. Group 1 served as controls. Groups 2–6 were ovariectomized. Two weeks after ovariectomy (Ovx), groups 3–6 were given 17-β estradiol (1 mg/kg per day) by s.c. implant for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days respectively. Blood vessel density and distribution were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analyses. Ovx resulted in significant vascular degeneration and decreased density, whereas estradiol administration mediated a significant angiogenic effect characterized by increased vascular density, and distribution of new vasculature within the smooth muscle bundles of the detrusor. Estradiol-induced vasculogenesis corresponds with our previously demonstrated increase in blood flow to the bladder and increased contractility. The most interesting aspect of these studies is the increased vascularization localized within the muscle bundles rather than between the muscle bundles, which may be important in the link between estrogen and increased incidence of cancers.
Pregnancy-enhanced store-operated Ca2+ channel function in uterine artery endothelial cells is associated with enhanced agonist-specific transient receptor potential channel 3-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 interaction
Authors: Gifford Shannon M , Yi Fu-Xian , Bird Ian M
Published: August 2006

We have previously shown that endothelial cells (EC) derived from the uterine artery (UA) of both pregnant (P-UAEC) and nonpregnant (NP-UAEC) ewes show a biphasic intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) response after ATP stimulation. In each case, the initial transient peak, caused by the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular Ca2+ stores, is mediated by purinergic receptor-Y2 and is very similar in both cell types. However, the sustained phase in particular, caused by the influx of extracellular Ca2+, is heightened in the P-UAEC, and associates with an increased ability of the cells to demonstrate enhanced capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) via store-operated channels (SOCs). Herein we demonstrated that the difference in the sustained [Ca2+]i response is maintained for at least 30 min. When 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB) (an inhibitor of the inosital 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and possibly SOC) was used in conjunction with ATP, it was capable of completely inhibiting CCE. Since 2APB can inhibit SOC in some cell types and 2APB was capable of inhibiting CCE in the UAEC model, the role of SOC in CCE was first evaluated using the classical inhibitor La3+. The ATP-induced sustained phase was inhibited by 10 μM La3+, implying a role for SOC in the [Ca2+]i response. Since canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) have recently been identified as putative SOCs in many cell types, including EC, the expression levels of several isoforms were evaluated in UAEC. Expression of TRPC3 and TRPC6 channels in particular was detected, but no significant difference in expression level was found between NP- and P-UAEC. Nonetheless, we were able to show that IP3R2 interacts with TRPC3 in UAEC, forming a protein complex, and that this interaction is considerably enhanced in an agonist sensitive manner by pregnancy. Thus, while IP3R and TRPC isoforms are not altered in their expression by pregnancy, enhanced functional interaction of TRPC3 with IP3R2 may underlie pregnancy-enhanced CCE in the UAEC model and so explain the prolonged [Ca2+]i sustained phase seen in response to ATP.
Adrenomedullin increases the expression of calcitonin-like receptor and receptor activity modifying protein 2 mRNA in human microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Schwarz Nele , Renshaw Derek , Kapas Supriya , Hinson Joy P
Published: August 2006

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide hormone, which plays a significant role in vasodilation and angiogenesis, implicating it in hypertension as well as in carcinogenesis. AM exerts its effects via the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR, now known as CL) complexed with either receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) 2 or 3. We have investigated the effect of AM on immortalized human microvascular endothelial cells 1, since endothelial cells are a major source as well as a target of AM actions in vivo. Cells treated with AM showed elevated cAMP in a time (5–45 min)-dependent and dose (10−6–10−14 M)-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with the AM receptor antagonist AM22–52 partially suppressed the AM-induced increase in cAMP levels. An increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was observed after 5 min of treatment with 10−8 M AM. This phosphorylation was specific, since we were able to block the AM-induced effect with 1 μM U0126, a specific mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor. Using real-time PCR, we were able to show for the first time that AM upregulates peptide and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, AM treatment of cells did not result in increased cell proliferation. Instead, we observed that AM and VEGF induced cell migration, which could be inhibited by the AM22–52 and anti-VEGF antibody respectively. AM also significantly elevated mRNA levels of CL (after 2 and 24 h treatment) and RAMP2 (after 1 and 24 h treatment). The upregulation of the AM receptor at two time points reflects possibly different cellular responses to short- and long-term exposure to AM.
Local over-expression of prolactin in differentiating mouse mammary gland induces functional defects and benign lesions, but no carcinoma
Authors: Manhès Caroline , Kayser Christine , Bertheau Philippe , Kelder Bruce , Kopchick John J , Kelly Paul A , Touraine Philippe , Goffin Vincent
Published: August 2006

Experimental, clinical, and epidemiological data support the growth-promoting role of endocrine prolactin (PRL) in mammary tumors. PRL is also produced by the breast, where it is now recognized to act as a growth/survival factor via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Recent transgenic (Tg) mouse models have revealed the pro-oncogenic effect of PRL over-expression in virgin mammary glands. To address the question whether PRL tumorigenicity was maintained on differentiated mammary glands, we generated mammary-specific Tg mice expressing human (h)PRL under the control of the milk whey acidic protein promoter, which directs autocrine hPRL over-expression in late gestation throughout lactation. Minimal levels of transgene expression were detected in the mammary glands of virgin animals, which at best induced partial ductal branching and lobulo-alveolar structures in older nulliparous females. As expected, expression of mammary hPRL dramatically increased at the end of first pregnancy, and from this point it never returned to baseline, although it peaked at each gestation/lactation cycle. Over-expression of hPRL that starts when the gland is already well into the differentiation process led to various morphological mammary alterations, including abnormally differentiated epithelium, atropy of the myoepithelial layer, dilated ducts, cysts, and lymphocytic infiltrates. These phenotypes tended to worsen with successive pregnancies, also reflecting cumulative damage of failure of involution. Although some older, multiparous females developed benign tumors (papillomas and metaplasias), none of the animals studied developed mammary carcinomas. In addition, we noticed that half of the Tg females exhibited lactation defects, leading to significantly increased pup mortality. This phenotype was due neither to failure of milk production nor to modification of its protein content, but rather it was correlated to lipid enrichment of the milk, which, in combination with profoundly altered morphology of the gland, led to impaired milk extrusion through the nipple. In summary, these data show that over-expression of autocrine hPRL in a differentiating mammary gland induces dramatic functional and morphological defects, but not carcinoma. This deserves further investigations on the emerging concept that autocrine PRL may have different effects on pathological development of the mammary gland depending on the differentiation state of the latter.
Disease risk analysis: a tool for primate conservation planning and decision making
Authors: Travis D.A. , Hungerford L. , Engel G.A. , Jones‐Engel L.
Published: August 2006

Concern about emerging and re‐emerging diseases plays an increasing role in conservation and management of both captive and free‐ranging nonhuman primates (NHPs). Managers and policy makers must formulate conservation plans in an arena plagued by uncertainty, complexity, emotion, and politics. The risk analysis paradigm provides a framework that brings together scientists and policy experts to make better decisions for both people and animals. Risk analysis is a multidisciplinary, science‐based process that provides an organized and logical approach for incorporating scientific information into policy development in the real world. By blending four specific goal‐oriented stages–hazard identification, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication–one can logically assess the probability that an adverse event, such as the introduction of an emerging disease into a naïve population, will occur. The following is a review of this process as it pertains to NHP conservation and risks associated with infectious diseases. Am. J. Primatol. 68:855–867, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.