bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Extranodal Lymphoma by 18F-FDG PET/CT  A Report of two years in NINMAS
Authors: Mandal Tapati , Mutsuddy Pupree , Akhter Papia , Rahman Arifur , Mishal Sazzad Al , Siddique Abu Bakker , Begum Shamim MF
Published: June 2024

Extranodal lymphoma, characterized by lymphomatous infiltration beyond typical lymphatic structures, poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical presentations. This cross-sectional study conducted at the PET/CT division of the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Dhaka, aimed to explore the prevalence and distribution of extranodal involvement in 517 lymphoma patients (252 Hodgkin’s lymphoma [HL] and 265 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [NHL]) referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT scans from January 2022 to December 2023. Results revealed extranodal involvement in 9.12% (n = 23) of HL cases and 34.71% (n = 92) of NHL cases. Skeletal system manifestations were most common, accounting for 28.7%, followed by pulmonary (23.4%), gastrointestinal tract (19.1%), and muscular (13.9%) involvement. Other sites collectively constituted 15.6% of extranodal lymphoma cases. These findings underscore the significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in assessing extranodal lymphomas, providing valuable insights into their distribution patterns. Understanding the prevalence and locations of extranodal involvement is crucial for accurate diagnosis, staging, and effective treatment planning in lymphoma patients.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 26(2): 177-183, 2023
Evaluation of the Lyophilized MIBI Kit Fraction for 99mTc Labeling: A Cost-Effective Approach for Labeling Cold Kits in Nuclear Medicine Practice
Authors: Islam Sanjida , Azim Mohammad Anwar Ul , Uddin Md Jashim , Biswasarma Sanchoy Chandra , Islam Md Saiful , Mandal Tapati , Mamun Mustafa , Khatun Shakera , Islam Md Saiful , Banu Most Layla Saroware
Published: June 2024

99m-Technetium methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) is one of the most commonly utilized radiopharmaceuticals for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) and parathyroid scan. Typically MIBI kits contain substantial amounts of reagents suitable for labeling multiple doses of radiopharmaceuticals. The conventional practice of preparing only 1-2 doses from a single vial often results in significant wastage of the kit’s contents. To mitigate this inefficiency, we explored the feasibility of fractionating cold kits. The MIBI kits underwent a systematic fractionation process, with precise ratios of 1:2 and 1:4. Total eight samples of each ratio were analyzed. The average percentage RCP for eight samples with a 1:2 ratio was determined to be approximately 93.87%, while for eight samples with a 1:4 ratio, it was found to be around 89.045%, as assessed using the TLC method. Normal biodistribution patterns were observed in imaging conducted with various samples of 1:2 ratio fractions. However, there were two reported cases of failure in biodistribution for a fraction with 1:4 ratio. Using this standardized technique for the fractionation of cold kits proves to be a cost-effective approach, minimizing the wastage of chemical components in cold kits.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 26(2): 188-192, 2023
Pattern of 99m Tc-DTPA Renogram Findings in Pediatric patients attending INMAS, Rajshahi
Authors: Alam Shibli Nishad , Ahsan Mostofa Shamim , Begum Nasrin , Ahmed Parvez , Ahmed Tasnim , Chowdhury Md Shariful Islam
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Nuclear medicine imaging techniques, specifically the DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetate) renogram, play a vital role in diagnosis and management in pediatric nephrology. Due to the availability of prenatal ultrasonography, prenatal diagnosis of fetal renal disorders is increasing in frequency. Consequently, the number of patients undergoing DTPA renograms is increasing gradually. Objectives:  This study was done to evaluate the role of DTPA renograms in the assessment of renal function in the pediatric age group and investigate the pattern of renogram findings in the under-5-year-old pediatric age group. Patients  and Methods: This retrospective study was done on 138 patients below 5 years age consisting of 102 boys and 36 girls. They were referred to Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Rajshahi for DTPA renogram from January 2023 to June 2023. To ensure proper image acquisition all the patients were administered ketamine with prior preparations. Average administered dose of 99mTc-pertechnetate-labeled DTPA in boys was 2.51 mCi, and in girls it was 2.36 mCi. Images were acquired with a Siemens (Symbia Intevo Bold) dual-headed gamma camera. The total time required for image acquisition was about 30 minutes for each patient. After image acquisition, ROI was drawn, and the calculation of GFR, split functions, and other parameters were calculated. Result:  The study showed unilateral hydronephrosis in 59.42% of patients, bilateral hydronephrosis in 33.33% of patients, and no hydronephrosis in 7.24% of patients. 22.46% of patients were diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound. Total GFR was found to be reduced in 13.04% of patients, and split function was found to be reduced in 40.58% of patients. However, the majority (68.12%) of the patients showed no feature of nephropathy, 27.54% were diagnosed with unilateral nephropathy, and 4.35% had bilateral nephropathy. A minority (4.35%) of the patients had unilateral renal agenesis. Renogram findings were partially incompatible with ultrasound findings in 28 (20.29%) patients. Conclusion:  DTPA renogram can play a very important role in assessing renal function in patients with renal pathologies for diagnosis and management. Despite several drawbacks, including radiation and a longer time for image acquisition, its use is increasing every day because of its affordability and feasibility.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 26(2): 184-187, 2023
Routine Radiochemical Quality Control of 99mTc eluate and 99mTc-Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Azim Mohammad Anwar-Ul , Uddin Md Jashim , Biswasarma Sanchoy Chandra , Islam Sanjida , Banu Most Layla Saroware , Mia Md Shohag , Mehdi Hasan , Siddiquee Nur E Alam , Kadir Muhtasim
Published: June 2024

Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are indispensable tools in nuclear medicine, playing a vital role in various diagnoses such as myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), bone scintigraphy, thyroid imaging, renal scintigraphy, lung perfusion and ventilation scans, gastrointestinal imaging, parathyroid imaging, tumor imaging, etc. Quality control plays a key role in ensuring the safety and efficacy of radiopharmaceuticals, particularly in the case of radiopharmaceuticals. The production of Tc-99m-labeled radiopharmaceuticals involves a complex series of steps, from generator elution to final patient administration. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP-NF), British Pharmacopeia (BP), and European Pharmacopeia (EP) limit the amount of radionuclide contamination allowed in 99m Tc solutions for patient use. Various methods have been used to ensure the quality of the 99mTceluate. The radiochemical purity of various 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals is checked by Instant Thin Layer Chromatography (ITLC), and radio-nuclide identity was confirmed by obtaining a gamma spectrum from a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector and measuring the half-life of the radiopharmaceuticals. pH and sterility testing are also performed before administration to the patient’s body. These QC methods collectively help verify the quality and safety of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals, ensuring that they meet the necessary standards for clinical use and patient care as per IAEA guidelines.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 26(2): 193-197, 2023
Bilateral Renal Lymphoma Detected by F-18 FDG PET/CT scan: A Case Report
Authors: Sajjad Al Mishal Mohammad , Akhter Papia , Mutsuddy Pupree , Mandal Tapati , Rahman S M Arifur , Siddique Md Abu Bakker , Begum Shamim M F
Published: June 2024

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the commonest subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and constitutes 25% of all NHL cases. Extranodal involvement includes the gastrointestinal, head and neck, orbital, central and peripheral nerve systems, thorax, bone, skin, breast, testis, thyroid, and genitourinary systems in 25-40% of HL patients, particularly NHL patients. Renal involvement in lymphoma is commonly seen in cases of widespread nodal or extranodal lymphoma, which is known as secondary renal lymphoma (SRL). This reported case of SRL was a known DLBCL patient. A young woman of 19 years diagnosed with DLBCL visited the PET-CT division of National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS) for a18F-FDG PET-CT study to assess therapeutic response, metabolic characterization and staging. Post-chemotherapy abdominal CT and ultrasound were normal. However, 18F-FDG PET-CT revealed metabolically active lymphoma involving cervical, mediastinal, and abdominal lymph nodes, but unusual bilateral renal involvement modified the therapeutic management eventually.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 26(2): 229-232, 2023
Radiotheranostics: A Potent Nuclear Medicine Tool for Combating Cancer - Exploring Prospects and Obstacles in Developing Countries
Authors: Ibrahim Akram Al
Published: June 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 12-15, 2024
Association between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) and Alzheimers Disease Detected by 99mTc- ECD SPECT of Brain
Authors: Anar Ashrafi , Adnan Sheikh Md , Sultana Nasreen
Published: June 2024

Background:  Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of brain has emerged as a well-established and non-invasive technique for diagnosing dementia, specifically its primary subtype, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent research suggested a potential correlation between the increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and the onset of AD. The primary objective of this study is to assess the association between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by 2D ultrasound of the carotid artery and AD, detected by Brain SPECT imaging with 99m Technetium-Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer (99m Tc ECD). Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) between March 2021 to June 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC). The study included 65 patients with suspected or confirmed dementia. Data collection included Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of neurology and associated laboratory reports. All the participants underwent 2D ultrasonography of carotid artery to measure carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and a brain SPECT with 99mTc-ECD followed by image interpretations using the easy Z score imaging system (eZIS). Result: The mean age of the study population was 63.8 ± 9.5 years, with a male predominance (69.2%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension and dyslipidemia (24.6%) and diabetes mellitus (13.8%). The majority of patients scored in the 25.27 range on the MMSE. Regarding CIMT, 40% of patients had moderate CIMT, 35.4% had normal CIMT, and 24.6% had mildly increased CIMT. Brain SPECT results indicated that 69.2% of patients had Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while 30.8% had dementia other than AD. Among AD patients, 71.1% had mild AD, 20.0% had moderate AD, and 8.9% had severe AD. An unpaired t-test revealed a slightly higher mean CIMT value in AD patients (1.28±0.58 mm vs. 1.25 ± 0.60 mm, p = 0.873), though this difference was not statistically significant. Conversely, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation tests demonstrated a statistically significant association between CIMT and the severity of AD, as represented by the Z-score (r = +0.693, p<0.001). Conclusion:  The study highlights the significance of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-AD patients, suggesting its use in initial assessment and follow-up measures.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 49-55, 2024
Paradoxical Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Pattern in Cardiac Patient: Two Case Reports
Authors: Munira Sirajum , Mandal Tapati , Sultana Sadia
Published: June 2024

To evaluate myocardial blood flow and identify regions of ischemia or infarction, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) is a useful diagnostic technique. It relies on the identification of perfusion anomalies, which are related to underlying coronary artery disease and usually appear as regions of reduced blood flow. However, the appearance of paradoxical perfusion patterns in MPI raises doubt on the accepted interpretation of these imaging findings. Unexpected results in MPI are known as "paradoxical perfusion patterns," where regions of increased perfusion are found in places where decreased blood flow would be expected based on clinical presentation and conventional risk factors. Clinicians are faced with a diagnostic dilemma as a result of the unusual phenomena that have been documented in only a small number of cases. We are presenting two case reports that describe a paradoxical perfusion pattern seen during MPI. These cases raise questions about the traditional interpretation of MPI data and emphasize how crucial it is to take anatomical variations and collateral circulation into consideration when interpreting the results of perfusion imaging. Understanding the causes behind paradoxical patterns of perfusion is essential for proper diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management, as it may affect treatment methods and prognosis. The reported cases conclude by emphasizing the need for careful interpretation of MPI findings to point out possible paradoxical perfusion patterns, which could be a symptom of particular anatomical differences. Keywords: Myocardial perfusion, paradoxical pattern, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, myocardial viability, stress tests.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 117-120, 2024
18F FDG PET Cardiac Imaging for Myocardial Viability Assessment in NINMAS
Authors: Mandal Tapati , Sultana Sadia , Begum Shamim MF , Banerjee Sajal K , Ahmed Chowdhury Meshkat
Published: June 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 95-99, 2024
Newborn Screening for the Early Detection of Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Countrywide Comprehensive Program of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
Authors: Azim Mohammad Anwar Ul , Biswasarma Sanchoy Chandra , Islam Md Ariful , Uddin Md  Jashim , Islam Sanjida , Islam Md Saiful , Begum Fatima , Mamun Mustafa , Khatun Shakera , Kabir Md Alamgir , Akand Md Saiful Islam , Hossain Nahid , Ferdous Jasmine , Begum Ferdoushi , Begum Shamim Momtaz Ferdousi , Jabin Zeenat , Haque Jasmine Ara , Rahman Hosne Ara , Rima Shakila  Zaman , Nahar Kamrun , Ali Murshed , Das Jharna , Jahan Nafisa , Ahsan Mostofa Shamim , Dey Shankar Kumar , Awal Md Abdul , Bose B K , Nasreen Faria , Sultana Sadia , Alam Faridul , Hasan Mizanul , Nahar Nurun , Hossain Gazi Abul , Islam Md Reajul , Alam Md Sayeedul , Hoque Md Rokuibul , Paul Ashoke Kumar , Hossain Sanowar , Moslem Fauzia
Published: June 2024

The crucial practice of newborn screening allows for the early identification of curable medical issues in infants. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), a disorder brought on by insufficient thyroid hormone production, is the subject of this study. Worldwide variations exist in CH prevalence, and early identification is essential for the best results. A thorough screening program was launched in Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2022, gathering over 500,000 samples from infants throughout the nation. This program’s goal was to recognize CH cases and offer prompt intervention in collaboration with 839 hospitals. TSH levels were found above the cut-off values in 274 of the samples, which corresponds to an incidence rate of about 1 in 1,825 births. TSH levels ranged from 20 to 75 mIU/L in the majority of positive cases, with the highest value reaching 506.05 mIU/L. The study discovered that infant girls were more likely than infant boys to have CH. The greater Mymensingh region showed a higher prevalence than other places, and regional variations in CH incidence were also noted. It was determined that iodine deficiency, which affects 38% of the population, may have an impact on the prevalence of CH. Low public knowledge and the unwillingness of the uneducated population to offer samples are obstacles to newborn screening in Bangladesh. To get beyond these obstacles and underline the value of early screening, public awareness campaigns and educational initiatives are required. The study emphasizes the necessity for focused interventions, especially for female newborns in areas where the prevalence of CH is higher. To effectively address iodine deficiency, access to comprehensive iodine supplementation programs should be ensured. In conclusion, Bangladesh can successfully treat congenital hypothyroidism and enhance the health and wellbeing of babies across the country by addressing these issues, putting in place targeted interventions, and increasing access to screening programs. To improve outcomes for newborns with CH, the study underlines the relevance of early detection, timely intervention, and increasing public awareness.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 81-88, 2024
A Comparison Study of the Solid Phantom and Water Phantom Using 6 MV and 15 MV Photon Energies, Depending on the Depth
Authors: Monika Ashrafun Nahar , Khatun Rajada , Akter Shirin , Hasnat Md Abul , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Ahasan Mohammad Monjur
Published: June 2024

Water is such an environmental element that is considered the best human body tissue equivalent. In the field of dosimetry studies, water is frequently used. This comparison study is conducted by a solid phantom and a water phantom with 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies, respectively. A cylindrical-type ionization chamber is used to collect charge when beams are on. The distance between the ray source and the surface of the phantom was fixed at 100 cm i.e. to SSD (Source to Surface Distance) of during the experiment. Chamber travels 1 cm to 20 cm in both phantoms and an electrometer is attached in the experimental set-up to measure the charge. The field size was 10x10 cm2. The relative deviation ratio of the solid phantom to the water phantom was calculated. In the result, the maximum deviation was 0.64%, while the minimum deviation was 0%, corresponding to the depths of 1 cm and 2.5 cm, respectively, for 6 MV and at 15 MV, maximum deviation and minimum deviation were 1.90% and 0.167% respectively, corresponding to the depths of 1.5 cm and 13 cm. Therefore, it can be said that the solid phantom can overcome the disadvantages of installation time required for the water phantom and problems while water level changing for depth measurement, simultaneously can used to measure the radiological dose precisely.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 34-38, 2024
Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head in Bone Scintigraphy with Concurrent Parathyroid Adenoma Diagnosed by Parathyroid SPECT/CT- A Case Report
Authors: Parveen Rumana , Alam Sumaiya , Akter Mst Fahmoda , Sultana Saleha , Bailey Shamsun Nahar , Reza Sharmin , Parveen Rahima , Sultana Nasreen
Published: June 2024

Avascular necrosis is a degenerative bone condition that occurs due to an interruption of the subchondral blood vessel. It is categorized as traumatic or non-traumatic based on risk factors, with a hypercoagulable state being one of them. Several studies indicate that hypercoagulability may be linked to hypercalcemia, a significant feature of hyperparathyroidism. Although it is an irreversible condition, early diagnosis can mitigate disability rates. Diagnosis of avascular necrosis and finding out its cause are clinical challenges. Investigative strategies are essential for the diagnosis of diseases and to the etiology behind this. But imaging tests, including nuclear imaging tests, have made it even easier. In this case report, bone scintigraphy played a crucial role in aiding the diagnosis of avascular necrosis, while a parathyroid scan proved instrumental in identifying associated risk factors.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 134-139, 2024
Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Comprehensive Analysis from the measured vitamin D level at Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) laboratory of National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka
Authors: Biswasarma Sanchoy Chandra , Azim Mohammad Anwar Ul , Podder Priyanka , Uddin Md Jashim , Islam Sanjida , Islam Md Saiful , Mamun Mustafa , Khatun Shakera
Published: June 2024

Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a global health concern, affecting populations across various geographical and socioeconomic spectrums. This study, conducted at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) in Shahbag, Dhaka, investigates the prevalence and determinants of Vitamin D deficiency among 1,819 individuals who have visited for their regular health check-up. Utilizing retrospective data from the Laboratory Information System of the Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) laboratory of In-vitro and Radiochemistry Division of NINMAS, we analyzed Vitamin D levels alongside demographic variables and seasonal fluctuations to elucidate patterns of deficiency within this cohort. Our findings reveal a widespread Vitamin D deficiency, with 62.1% of the studied population exhibiting levels below 20 ng/mL, indicative of deficiency. A gender disparity was evident, with females comprising 74.7% of those deficient, compared to 25.3% of males. The overall mean Vitamin D level was recorded at 19.73 ± 11.94 ng/mL, with a slight male predominance in Vitamin D concentrations (20.80 ± 11.48 ng/mL for males vs. 19.33 ± 12.11 ng/mL for females). Seasonal analysis further underscored higher Vitamin D levels during the summer months, pointing towards the impact of sun exposure on Vitamin D synthesis. Conclusively, the substantial prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency underscores an urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies aimed at addressing this issue within the Bangladeshi population. Strategies may include promoting dietary sources of Vitamin D, enhancing public awareness about the importance of sun exposure, and considering food fortification programs.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 89-94, 2024
A Comprehensive Analysis of Lymphoscintigraphy Results for Lower Limb Edema in Pediatric Group of Patients at NINMAS
Authors: Bailey Shamsun Nahar , Jisan Faria , Tonima Lutfun Nahar , Islam Urnas , Adnan Sheikh Md , Reza Sharmin , Parveen Rahima , Ali Nabeel Fahmi , Sultana Nasreen
Published: June 2024

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric lymphedema provide particular challenges. The defining feature of lymphedema is aberrant interstitial fluid collection, which can be caused by a variety of factors, including acquired illnesses and congenital defects. This study used lymphoscintigraphy to determine the source of lymphedema in children of various ages. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 53 children were included, who were referred to National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) for lower limb lymphoscintigraphy in the years 2022.2023. All pertinent facts and data were taken from the medical records. An average dosage of 1+1 mCi of 99m Technetium- (99m Tc) labeled nanocolloid was injected into the web spaces of the first and second toes of each foot. Spot views and delayed whole-body sweep images were acquired on time. Dual head gamma camera images were collected anterior and posteriorly. The assessment of the injection site, primary lymphatic channels, collateral vessels, dermal backflow, and quantity and strength of radiotracer absorption of the lymph nodes were all included in the qualitative image interpretation process. Result: The mean age was 10.14 years ± 5.37 with age ranging from 0-17 years. In 48/53 cases (90.6%) of clinically positive leg swelling were found to be positive for lymphedema on lymphoscintigraphy, where 16 patients had unilateral and 33 patients had bilateral. Remaining 05/53 (9.4%) were scintigraphically normal. Among the positive patients, 48 cases (98%) were primary lymphedema and only one (2%) had secondary cause, who was a case of bilateral lymphedema, Grade-I in left lower limb (LLL) and Grade-III in right lower limb (RLL). Conclusion: Lymphoscintigraphy, a non-invasive, straightforward imaging modality, is very helpful in precisely documenting and grading lymphedema for finding the etiology and subsequent treatment plans in patients with leg swelling. It also serves as a means of functional evaluation of lymphatic channels. Additionally, it can be crucial for individuals undergoing surgical procedures to relieve clinical symptoms early on in their recovery.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 75-80, 2024
Baseline PET-CT evaluation of Bone Marrow-Liver-Spleen Type of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Aggressive Extranodal Lymphoma
Authors: Hossain Sadia , Rahman Farhana , Afrin Rawnak , Afrin Afroza , Biswas Shanker , Biswas Tanima , Sultana Tania , Islam Sabrina , Sharmin Shaila , Begum Rubina , Hossain Mohona , Haque Jasmine Ara , Rashed Asif
Published: June 2024

Bone marrow-liver-spleen (BLS) type lymphoma is a rare subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, characterized by bone marrow involvement without lymph nodes. Symptoms include fever, anemia, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for proper management and prevention. We report a case of a 59-year-old male with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involving bone marrow. He was diagnosed with a bone marrow-liver-spleen (BLS) subtype of lymphoma with the help of F-18 FDG PET-CT. BLS is an unusual subgroup of extra-nodal DLBCL. Very few cases have been reported to date. The disease showed unique clinico-pathological features of involvement of bone marrow with or without liver and/or spleen, but no lymph node or other extra-nodal sites are involved, hence the name BLS.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 112-116, 2024
The Intricate Diagnostic Journey of a Breast Cancer Patient, Revealing Extensive Hepatic Metastasis Through Extraosseous Uptake in Planar Bone Scintigraphy and SPECT-CT Precision Mapping
Authors: Akhter Afroza , Sharmin Shaila , Rahman Farhana , Islam Sabrina , Hossain Sadia , Afrin Rawnak , Biswas Tanima , Begum Rubina , Biswas Shankar Kumar , Haque Jasmine Ara , Mahmud Mohammad Ashraf Us Zaman
Published: June 2024

In breast cancer patients, planar bone scintigraphy is commonly used for  detecting osseous metastasis. This case report emphasizes the importance  of recognizing unusual extraosseous uptake in  bone scintigraphy, even  when negative for osteoblastic lesions. A 35-year-old post-treatment breast  carcinoma  patient exhibited unexpected radiotracer uptake in the upper  abdomen. Subsequent SPECT/CT revealed radiotracer-avid calcified  hepatic lesions and extensive non-avid metastatic lesions, however no  osteoblastic metastasis. Ultrasound-guided core  biopsy confirmed  extensive hepatic metastases secondary to ductal carcinoma of the breast.  This highlights the critical role of SPECT/CT in precisely identifying and  characterizing  lesions,  aiding in  advanced  breast  cancer diagnosis  and  management planning.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 121-126, 2024
18F FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient with Sarcoidosis: A Case Report
Authors: Akhter Papia , Mutsuddy Pupree , Mandal Tapati , Sajjad Al Mishal Mohammad , Rahman SM Arifur , Siddique Md Abu Bakker , Begum Shamim M F
Published: June 2024

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas that can affect any site in the body with extremely variable clinical course. Fluorine -18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) is a useful technique for detecting active inflammatory sites in patients with sarcoidosis thus diagnosis, monitoring response and predicting prognosis. Here we present the case of a 44-year-old lady with sarcoidosis having hepatic involvement detected by 18F FDG PET/CT scan. This patient was presented with increasing complaints of low-grade fever, weight loss and generalized weakness for two years who was found to have a hilar lymphadenopathy in chest X-ray and chest CT scan. 18F FDG PET/CT scan performed to see the extent of disease and revealed multiple hypermetabolic mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. There was also heterogenous intense FDG uptake (SUVmax:9.6) in liver without definite change on CT likely due to sarcoidosis involvement in the liver. Later on, hepatic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic sarcoidosis.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 107-111, 2024
Incidental Finding of Mesenteric Cyst by 18F FDG PET- CT: Case Report
Authors: Rahman SM Arifur , Mandal Tapati , Akhter Papia , Sajjad Al Mishal Mohammad , Mutsuddy Pupree , Siddique Md Abu Bakker , Begum Shamim M F
Published: June 2024

Mesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal lesions, and they have a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms that make pre-operative diagnosis difficult. Diagnosis is often incidental. Although the exact cause of mesenteric cysts is unknown, obstruction of the lymphatic system due to trauma, infection, or tumors is thought to play a role. The optimal treatment is surgical excision of the cyst with laparotomy or laparoscopy. We report a case of a 65-year-old female with ovarian cancer who had an incidental finding of a mesenteric cyst during an 18F FDG PET-CT scan.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 127-129, 2024
Correlation of B-mode and Doppler Ultrasound Parameters of Kidney with Serum Creatinine Level in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Jabin Prianka , Nasreen Faria , Hassan Md Mahmudul , Salma Ummme , Konik Tasnia Kawsar , Purveen Rejuana , Roy Sutanu
Published: June 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 62-68, 2024
The Outcomes and Success Rates of Kasai Operation for Biliary Atresia Cases Using Presurgical Hepatobiliary Scan: Observations at NINMAS
Authors: Islam Urnus , Reza Sharmin , Adnan Sheikh Md , Chowdhury Md Shafiqul Alam , Bailey Shamsun Nahar , Perveen Rahima , Ananna Farzana Rahman , Sultana Nasreen
Published: June 2024

Abstract not avaiable
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 44-48, 2024
Bone Scintigraphic Pattern and Correlation with Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Prostate Cancer Patients at NINMAS
Authors: Ananna Farzana Rahman , Islam Urnas , Parveen Rahima , Reza Sharmin , Adnan Sheikh Md , Bailey Shamsun Nahar , Sultana Nasreen
Published: June 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 56-61, 2024
Abstracts
Authors: Cheif Editor in
Published: June 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 27(1): 140-152, 2024
Synergistic Effect of Combination Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Islam Sufia , Julie Azima Sultana , Nazifa Atkiya , Khalil Marjana , Asaduzzaman Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Background: Infection caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a major health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). S. Typhi has been reported to be resistant to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Objective: To find out the anti-microbial activity of combination antibiotics against resistant S. typhi. Materials and Methods: First, single antibiotic disks of ciprofloxacin, imipenem and vancomycin with the concentrations of 20, 40, 60 and 80 μg/ml were prepared and applied against sensitive S. typhi to confirm its susceptibility. Later, a resistant strain of Shigella flexneri was treated with single antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and imipenem) at the highest concentration (80 μg/ml) to determinets resistant behavior by measuring the zones of inhibition obtained from the disc diffusion assay. Co-culture was performed between the sensitive and resistant strains to develop the resistant strain of S. typhi. Combinations of antibiotics were used for susceptibility testing against the newly resistant strain of S. typhi by using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Experiments were carried out in triplicates and the average reading was recorded. Results: The study showed that different concentrations of the combination of vancomycin and imipenem (20, 40, 60, 80 μg/ml) exhibited 18, 20, 24- and 29-mm respective zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. typhi. A combination of ciprofloxacin and imipenem also exhibited optimum ZOI. It was observed in this study that a single antibiotic treatment did not show any activity against newly resistant strains of S. typhi. Conclusions: The combination therapy can be used as a beneficial treatment approach in multi-drug resistant S. typhi infections.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 23(1): 37-42, 2024 (June)
Colorectal and Anorectal Foreign Bodies
Authors: ABM Moniruddin  , Baikaly Ferdaus  , Md Rashed Khan  , Romana Rafique  , Tanvirul Hasan  , Salma Chowdhury  , MA Rouf
Published: June 2024

Foreign bodies (FBs) in the colon, rectum and anal canal are not unusual. Colorectal Foreign Bodies (CRFBs), whether administered per-anally or swallowed orally, intentionally or unintentionally, bring management challenges to the attending physicians and surgeons. CRFBs are usually seen in the adult patients with perverted sexual or erotic or psychosis, or mental retardation, or in drug smugglers or prisoners, and anorectal FBs (ARFBs) are sometimes seen on accidental or careless swallowing with or without food, or per-anal administration in all age groups. Careless elderly patients with or without visual problems, with or without using artificial dentures are also not unusual victims. Self-administration per-anally to attempt relief from constipation has also been described, especially in adults and elderly people. Many of these FBs can pass with intestinal contents and may be thus removed with stool without complications. The sharp FBs can penetrate the bowel wall leading to serious consequences, and a relatively large FB can get impacted causing bowel obstruction. The presentation may be straightforward and sometimes may be exquisitely concealing. The objective of this review article is to understand and share the management strategies which would be very much helpful to all concerned.
KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 04, January 2024: 240-245.
Insatiabilities
Authors: Kulikovska Maria , Laster Dominika , Najdi Rima , Ni Xena , Ruskin Mollie , Smith Ariel , Szucs Aniko
Published: June 2024

In July 2022, the Performance in Historical Paradigms Working Group brought together five artists whose creative work engages with issues related to food, hunger, and insatiability. Taking up the provocation of the PSi #27 conference theme “Hunger,” we explored the matrices of the material practices, embodied experiences, socio-economic conditions, as well as the psychosomatic and affective modalities of hunger. 
The formally diverse works that comprised the online exhibition–and which are now included here–approach these issues from a distinctly feminist perspective: they problematize the fetishization of the deprived female body, the oppressive powers that generate inequities of food distribution, and the heteronormative gender norms that perpetuate women’s responsibilities as nurturers, providers, and caretakers. Further, they examine the ways in which these processes are socially structured and transmitted intergenerationally. The pieces demonstrate how instances of contemporary crises are rooted in enduring historical legacies and entrenched in systemic inequities.
Surveillance of adverse events following immunisation in Australia, COVID-19 vaccines, 2021
Authors: Glover Catherine , Deng Lucy , Larter Claire , Brogan Catherine , Richardson Olivia , Huang Yuanfei Anny , Kay Elspeth , Macartney Kristine , Wood Nicholas
Published: June 2024

This report summarises Australia’s spontaneous (passive) surveillance data for adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in 2021 reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). The TGA strongly promoted and facilitated adverse event reporting in preparation for, and during, the COVID-19 vaccine rollout as a core component of the most intensive vaccine safety monitoring ever conducted in Australia. There were 111,348 AEFI reports for COVID-19 vaccines administered in 2021, an annual AEFI reporting rate of 271.4 per 100,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines administered to people aged ≥ 12 years. The annual AEFI reporting rate for non-COVID-19 vaccines in 2021 was 30.6 per 100,000 doses administered to people of all ages. Overall, the most frequently reported symptoms were headache, adverse events classified as ‘gastrointestinal nonspecific symptoms and therapeutic procedures’, myalgia, pyrexia and fatigue, which were consistent with common expected adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines used in Australia. The most commonly reported adverse events of special interest were myocarditis and/or pericarditis, followed by thrombosis and thromboembolism, and anaphylaxis. Of all COVID-19 vaccine AEFI reports, 762 (0.7%) included a fatal outcome, of which over 80% were in people aged ≥ 60 years. Thirteen deaths reported in 2021 were assessed as likely to be causally linked to vaccination. This report confirms the value of spontaneous post-marketing vaccine pharmacovigilance, especially in the context of new vaccines using novel vaccine technologies and near whole-of-population pandemic vaccination programs. The most frequently reported AEFI for COVID-19 vaccines were common, mild and temporary (lasting 1 or 2 days), and consistent with clinical trial and active surveillance data. Ongoing safety monitoring detected rare, unexpected conditions, such as myocarditis/pericarditis and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), which were investigated and confirmed as safety signals, resulting in changes to vaccine recommendations and product information. The outcomes of TGA monitoring were published in weekly vaccine safety reports. Overall, COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring provided critical information on the risks of vaccine related adverse events that enabled decisionmakers to undertake informed risk-benefit assessments.
Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in Central Queensland, Australia
Authors: Gale Emma , Smoll Nicolas , Al Imam Mahmudul Hassan , Walker Jacina , Kirk Michael , Pam Sunday , Menzies Robert , Khandaker Gulam
Published: June 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. Little is known about the epidemiology, burden, and seasonality of RSV in subtropical regions of Australia like Central Queensland. This information is important to plan prevention strategies, including therapeutics, future vaccines, and health system preparedness. We collected data on laboratory-confirmed RSV cases and admissions in Central Queensland for the period 1 July 2021 to 31 December 2022. From July 2021, RSV was listed as a nationally notifiable condition on laboratory-confirmed diagnosis. During the study period, 1,142 laboratory-confirmed cases of RSV (50.0% female sex) were reported, with 169 cases (14.8%) requiring hospital admission, 12 of which (7.1%) required intensive care unit/high dependency unit admissions; two deaths occurred. Of cases requiring hospital admission, RSV was listed as the primary diagnosis in 113/169 cases (66.9%); 63/169 admitted cases (37.3%) had a major comorbidity. Of all cases, 55.4% were in children < 5 years of age (20.9% hospitalised); 35.7% in children < 2 years of age (24.3% hospitalised), and 19.1% in children < 12 months of age (27.5% hospitalised). Children under five years of age made up 78.1% of admissions, a rate of 9.0 admissions per 1,000 children over the 18-month study period, with an average age of 15.8 months (standard deviation, SD: 13.1 months) in this cohort. Indigenous children aged < 5 years were over-represented in cases (rate ratio, RR: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.3–1.9) and admissions (RR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.4). Antibiotics were prescribed to 48.5% of admitted cases under two years of age, despite documented bacterial infection in only 26.3% of these cases; antibiotic prescription was significantly higher in those who received a chest X-ray (p < 0.001). Of all cases, 33.5% occurred in July 2022 alone, with greater than 75.0% of cases occurring during June–August 2022. RSV showed year-round activity with a distinctive winter peak in 2022; however, this season was likely affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions and behaviours. Ongoing surveillance is required to better understand the epidemiology and seasonality of RSV in Central Queensland.
Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini di TK Negeri GOW Kabupaten Rejang Lebong
Authors: Nurmiati Eliza , Delrefi D  , Qalbi Zahratul
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
 
            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pengembangan motorik halus anak usia dinidi Taman kanak-kanak Negeri GOW Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek Penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah dan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Taman kanak Negeri GOW Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan catatan lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan langkah sebagai berikut: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perencanaan pembelajaran Taman kanak-kanak Negeri GOW terdiri dari menentukan tema dan subtema, menentukan Kompetensi Inti,Kompetensi Dasar, menentukan indikator dan menetapkan tujuan pembelajaran. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran Taman kanak-kanak Negeri GOW dengan penyusunan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian dan perumusan tujuan pembelajaran. Penilaian pembelajaran dilakukan dengan beberapa metode yaitu observasi, percakapan, penugasan, unjuk kerja, hasil karya dan pencatatan anekdot.
 
Kata Kunci: Motorik Halus, Anak Usia Dini
 
Abstract
 
            This study aims to determine the ability of fine motor development of early childhood in GOW State Kindergarten, Rejang Lebong Regency. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were the Principal and Early Childhood Education Teacher of GOW State Kindergarten, Rejang Lebong Regency. Data collection techniques used interviews, observations and field notes. Data analysis was carried out with the following steps: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation technique. The results of this study indicate that the GOW State Kindergarten learning planning consists of determining themes and subthemes, determining Core Competencies, Basic Competencies, determining indicators and setting learning objectives. Implementation of learning in GOW State Kindergarten with the preparation of Daily Learning Implementation Plans and formulation of learning objectives. Learning assessment is carried out by several methods, namely observation, conversation, assignment, performance, work and recording anecdotes.
 
Keywords: Fine Motor, Early Childhood
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Pengenalan Simbol Bilangan dan Membaca Melalui Media Kartu
Authors: Dhiya Dhiya El Quds , Yuna Yuna Aini Rahmah , Nadya Nadya Vegaputri Handiani
Published: June 2024

Adanya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk peningkatan kognitif anak dalam belajar dengan menggunakan metode bermain. Perkembangan kognitif adalah suatu proses berfikir yaitu kemampuan untuk menghubungkan, menilai dan pertimbangkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi. Salah satu metode yang dapat membantu perkembangan kognitif adalah bermain. Saat bermain anak juga bisa sambil belajar dan mengenal hal-hal baru, anak bisa belajar dengan menggunakan metode bermain. Tujuannya agar anak tidak mudah bosan dan jenuh saat belajar. Pendidik atau orang tua dapat memberikan permainan yang memiliki nilai pembelajaran. Contohnya menggunakan media kartu, denganmenggunakan media kartu anak akan belajar berhitung dan mengenak huruf tanpa merasa bosan dan stres. Anak akan merasa senang dengan kartu yang telah disediakan oleh pendidik atau orang tua. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur, dengan membaca dan meneliti dari berbagai jurnal-jurnal tentang perkembangan anak usia dini dengan menggunakan metode bermain.
Systematic Literature Review: An exploration of teacher competencies in inclusion education
Authors: Liswandari Ajeng Linda
Published: June 2024

This research examines the exploration of teacher competency in inclusive education which can be identified through pedagogical, professional, social and personality competencies. This research uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify, review and evaluate several studies that are relevant in answering the problem statements. Moreover, research with SLR method has several stages from formulating questions, searching for literature, determining the indicators, examining the literature, presenting, processing and drawing conclusions from the data obtained. Based on literature review, the researchers found 15 articles and reselected it into 9 articles. Then, researchers compare the findings and draw conclusions from these results. From the research result, it was found that competency becomes a media for providing the best learning quality for student’s satisfaction in teaching and learning process. This proficiency is critical because it allows teachers to fulfill their roles as facilitators, motivators, inspirers, learning guides, and resources for students rather than being ordinary teaching agents that only acts as learning source for their students.
Determination analysis of the factors most dominantly influence the vacational teachers’ performance in Batam City
Authors: Pohan Albert Efendi , Husna Asmaul , Yanti Fitri
Published: June 2024

Teachers are the educational component that has the most strategic role in carrying out the educational process and achieving educational goals, both nationally and institutionally. In order to achieve the fundamental explanation mentioned above, teachers are advised to optimize their organizational culture, create a comfortable work environment, and provide motivation and discipline. This study aimed to assess the influence of organizational culture, work environment, work motivation, and work discipline on the performance of school principals. A Likert scale questionnaire was administered to 41 teachers from Batam City. The results showed that: (1) organizational culture had a partially significant effect on performance, with a Sig value of 0.346 greater than 0.05; (2) work environment had a partially significant effect, with a Sig value of 0.042 less than 0.05; (3) work motivation had a partially significant effect, with a Sig value of 0.691 greater than 0.05; (4) work discipline had a partially significant effect, with a Sig value of 0.280 greater than 0.05; (5) the independent variables significantly impacted the dependent variable, with a Sig value of 0.000 less than 0.05; (6) the independent variables explained 36.1% of the dependent variable's variance, while the remaining 63.9% was influenced by other factors, with an adjusted R Square value of 0.361 or 36.1%. Consequently, it can be concluded that all variables played a significant role in affecting the performance of vocational teachers. The results of this research provide good input to policymakers to optimize work culture and develop training models to increase motivation for teachers to set their main tasks to achieve national education goals, especially in the city of Batam.