bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Perceived Effort Through On-Field Hydration Monitoring: A Case Analysis
Authors: Bertuccioli Alexander , Cannataro Roberto , Sisti Davide , Zonzini Giordano Bruno , Cazzaniga Massimiliano , Cardinali Marco , Di Pierro Francesco , Gregoretti Aurora , Zerbinati Nicola , Matera Mariarosaria , Cavecchia Ilaria , Palazzi Chiara Maria
Published: November 2024

This case report examines the correlation between hydration, weight variation, and perceived effort in a 43-year-old amateur athlete during a self-supported 81.5 km crossing of Death Valley, completed over 3 days with significant elevation changes. Studies have shown that a body mass loss greater than 2–3% can lead to an increased perception of effort and a decline in performance. Specifically, during passive and active heat exposures, the average body mass loss was found to be 1.4 ± 0.3% and 4.1 ± 0.7%, respectively. Salivary osmolarity has demonstrated a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 91% in diagnosing dehydration of ≥ 2%, suggesting its potential as a non-invasive indicator of hydration status. The subject monitored their own body weight, hydration (via salivary osmolarity), and perceived effort using a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Nutritional intake included isocaloric meals and nutritional bars, and hydration was managed using water and a hydroelectrolytic solution. Key bioimpedance parameters were measured to assess body composition and hydration status. A progressive decrease in body weight correlated with an increase in perceived effort (RPE score) and salivary osmolarity. Resistance (Rx) remained stable, while reactance (Xc) showed a biphasic trend and was inversely correlated with the sodium/potassium ratio (NAK). There were significant linear correlations between perceived effort and both weight loss and salivary osmolarity, indicating that salivary osmolarity is a potential early predictor of these changes. The findings highlight a linear correlation between weight loss, perceived effort, and salivary osmolarity, suggesting that monitoring salivary osmolarity would be useful for the field assessment of hydration and exertion. Further research with larger populations is necessary to validate these observations.
Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma as an Adjunct to Intestinal Anastomosis: A Pilot Study on Preventing Anastomotic Leaks
Authors: Betancourt-Ángeles Mario , López-Callejas Régulo , Berrones-Stringel Guillermo , Jaramillo-Martínez César , Navarro-Luna Bryan , Rodríguez-Méndez Benjamín Gonzalo , Mercado-Cabrera Antonio , Valencia-Alvarado Raúl
Published: November 2024

Anastomotic leaks remain a significant challenge in intestinal surgery, often leading to severe complications. This study investigated a novel approach to enhance anastomotic healing and reduce the risk of leaks by combining traditional suturing and stapling techniques with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) application. NTAPP, a cold atmospheric plasma generated through the ionization of ambient air, has been shown to possess antimicrobial, hemostatic, and wound-healing properties. NTAPP promotes sterilization, coagulation, and tissue regeneration by generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, potentially strengthening anastomotic union. This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of NTAPP in three patients undergoing intestinal anastomosis. Following the standard surgical procedure, NTAPP was applied directly to the anastomotic site. Postoperative outcomes were monitored for six months, including anastomotic leaks and healing rates. Preliminary results demonstrated promising outcomes. All three patients exhibited successful sealing of the anastomosis, with no evidence of leakage during the follow-up period, providing reassurance and confidence in the potential of sutures, staples, and NTAPP. These findings suggest that NTAPP can significantly improve the safety and efficacy of intestinal surgeries by reducing the incidence of anastomotic leaks. While further research with a larger sample is necessary to confirm these initial findings, the results of this study provide a strong foundation for exploring the potential of NTAPP as a valuable adjunct to conventional surgical techniques for preventing anastomotic leaks. This innovative approach could reduce postoperative complications, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the overall quality of care in intestinal surgery.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) vs. Exercise in Thumb Osteoarthritis (SWEX-TO): Prospective Clinical Trial at 6 Months
Authors: Covelli Ilaria , De Giorgi Silvana , Di Lorenzo Antonio , Pavone Angelo , Salvato Fabrizio , Rifino Francesco , Moretti Biagio , Solarino Giuseppe , Notarnicola Angela
Published: November 2024

Rhizarthrosis is the most frequent form of osteoarthritis and is responsible for pain, disability and reduced functionality. The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical effects of shock wave treatment in patients suffering from arthritis of the first finger. A prospective clinical study was designed, in which 72 patients affected by rhizarthrosis were randomized to treatment with shock waves or exercises; in both groups an immobilization brace was used on the first finger. At recruitment and at 1, 3 and 6 months, patients received assessments of pain (VAS), functionality (FIHOA) and disability (DASH); furthermore, the perception of improvement was monitored during follow-ups (Roles and Maudsley Score). In both groups there was a significant improvement in all scores in the comparison between recruitment and 6 months. The perception of improvement was statistically better in the shock wave group than in the exercise group at 1, 3 and 6 months. The regression analysis showed that the reduction of VAS and DASH were statistically influenced by shock wave treatment (p < 0.001). Both therapies are effective in managing patients suffering from arthritis of the first finger, but the shock wave treatment could ensure greater persistence of improvements.
Automating Logistics Operations: Qualitative Insights from Four European Sites
Authors: Papagni Guglielmo , Zafari Setareh , Schrammel Johann , Tscheligi Manfred
Published: November 2024

Background: Automated vehicles are increasingly entering logistics operations, driven by factors like controllability, standardization, and reduced risk. However, successful automation requires understanding the diverse perspectives of logistics stakeholders. Method: This paper investigates these perspectives through 28 interviews with representatives from five key stakeholder groups within the European Project AWARD’s four pilot sites. Results: Key findings highlight positive expectations for efficiency, safety, and reliability, but also identify critical prerequisites still to be met: further technological advancements, shifts in logistics roles and working conditions, regulatory improvements, and careful narrative building around technology. Conclusions: A deeper analysis of individual stakeholder groups and pilot site representatives reveals nuanced needs and concerns, emphasizing the importance of considering different perspectives and need for further research involving a wider range of stakeholder groups to fully capture the complexities of this emerging field.
Effect of Amorphous Metallic Fibers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Cement Mortars Containing Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Choi Se-Jin , Lee Jae-In , Kim Chae-Young , Yoon Joo-Ho , Kim Kwan-Ho
Published: November 2024

Lightweight aggregate concrete can reduce the self-weight of a structure with a low unit weight; however, disadvantages such as reduced strength and brittleness remain. This study evaluated the thermal and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate cement mortars containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and amorphous metallic fibers (AMFs). A thermal property test indicated that the peak temperature of the C1A1 and C1A2 samples using AMFs was approximately 91.5–93.8 °C (approximately 57.2–61.1% higher than the C1A0 sample without AMFs). The time to reach the peak temperature was approximately 15–27 min (21.1–38.0% of that for the C1A0 sample). The 28-day split tensile strength of the sample using 20 kg/m3 of the AMFs was approximately 3.6–3.8 MPa (approximately 46.1–50.0% higher than that of CNT-only samples). The 56-day flexural strength of the C2A2 sample using 0.2% CNTs and 20 kg/m3 AMFs was the highest at approximately 11.2 MPa (approximately 24.4% higher than that of the control sample). The results of this study indicate that using CNTs and AMFs can enhance the strength and reduce the brittleness of lightweight aggregate cement mortar. Furthermore, the performance of the cement mortar is significantly improved when combined with AMFs compared to using CNTs alone.
Hot Uniaxial Pressing and Pressureless Sintering of AlCrCuFeMnNi Complex Concentrated Alloy—A Comparative Study
Authors: Silva Tiago , Simões Pedro , Lopes Augusto
Published: November 2024

External pressure is often applied during sintering to obtain materials with improved properties. For complex concentrated alloys (CCAs), this processing step is commonly performed in vacuum. However, this can promote the evaporation of elements and increase the oxide content, thereby degrading the properties of the alloy. In this study, we compared the microstructures and properties of AlCrCuFeMnNi CCA samples obtained by hot uniaxial pressing sintering (HPS) and pressureless sintering (PLS) using a helium atmosphere purified by an oxygen getter system. The powders were prepared from mixtures of CrFeMn, AlNi and Cu and sintered by HPS at 900 °C for 1 h with an applied pressure of 30 MPa and by PLS at 1050 °C for 1 h. The samples were characterised using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron backscattering diffraction, density measurements and hardness tests. It was found that the oxygen getter system promoted oxygen partial pressure values at sintering temperatures similar to those of a mixture of 90% helium and 10% hydrogen. The HPS allowed us to obtain almost fully dense samples with a smaller average grain size and finer distribution of aluminium oxides than PLS. These differences increased the hardness of the samples sintered under pressure.
Optimisation of Flexible Forming Processes Using Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms: A Generalised Approach for Advanced High-Strength Steels
Authors: Sevšek Luka , Pepelnjak Tomaž
Published: November 2024

Flexibility is crucial in forming processes as it allows the production of different product shapes without changing equipment or tooling. Single-point incremental forming (SPIF) provides this flexibility, but often results in excessive sheet metal thinning. To solve this problem, a pre-forming phase can be introduced to ensure a more uniform thickness distribution. This study represents advances in this field by developing a generalised approach that uses a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP ANN) to predict thinning results from the input parameters and employs a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimise these parameters. This study specifically addresses advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) and provides insights into their formability and the optimisation of the forming process. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in minimising sheet metal thinning and represent a significant advance in flexible forming technologies applicable to a wide range of materials and industrial applications.
Superabsorbent Polymers for Internal Curing Concrete: An Additional Review on Characteristics, Effects, and Applications
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wang Kejin , Taylor Peter C. , Gu Yucun
Published: November 2024

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are a promising admixture that can provide internal curing to freshly cast concrete and enhance concrete properties. Although many reviews have explored aspects of SAPs, the links among SAPs’ chemical and physical properties, internal curing behaviors, concrete performance, and their large-scale applications are often weakly elucidated. This paper provides an additional review of the chemical structures and physical dimensions of SAPs and their effects on the internal curing kinetic behavior as well as on concrete properties, such as workability, strength, and durability. In addition, different approaches to introducing SAP particles into concrete mixtures are also summarized. Case studies on the use of SAPs in the concrete industry are introduced to provide a better understanding of the greatest potential of SAPs in field applications. The results confirm that the utilization of SAPs in concrete mixtures provides multiple benefits such as improved water curing, reduced shrinkage, and enhanced workability. Selecting the appropriate SAPs is crucial and involves considering factors like absorption rate, durability, and stability. However, achieving uniform distribution of dry SAPs in concrete poses challenges. Further research is required to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of SAPs on transport properties and frost durability. Additionally, the absence of a standard makes it difficult to maintain consistent water-to-cement ratios. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for using SAPs to enhance concrete performance while also highlighting future research directions and challenges. In this article, scientists, engineers, and contractors will find a comprehensive explanation encompassing laboratory investigations, field implementation, and relevant guidance.
Predictors and Predictive Score of In-Hospital Mortality in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Munsakul Neera , Manosroi Worapaka , Buranapin Supawan
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The primary objective of this study was to identify relevant clinical and biochemical predictors and create a predictive score for in-hospital DKA mortality. Materials and Methods: A 6-year retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with DKA and admitted to Chiang Mai University Hospital, a tertiary care center in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021, was conducted. Baseline clinical data and laboratory investigations were collected. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, clustered by type of diabetes, was performed to identify significant predictors. A predictive risk score was created using significant predictive factors identified by multivariable analysis. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a significant p-value set at <0.05. Results: Ninety-three patients diagnosed with DKA were included in the study. Ten patients died during admission. Significant predictors for in-hospital mortality of DKA included age > 55 years (OR 7.8, p = 0.007), female gender (OR 3.5, p < 0.001), anion gap > 30 mEq/L (OR 2.6, p = 0.003), hemoglobin levels < 10 g/dL (OR 16.9, p < 0.001), and the presence of cardiovascular disease (OR 1.3, p = 0.046). The predictive risk score ranged from 1 to 14 for low risk, and 14.5–23.5 for high risk of in-hospital mortality. The predictive performance of the scoring system was 0.82 based on the area under the curve, with a sensitivity of 73.8% and specificity of 96.4%. Conclusions: Multiple clinical and biochemical factors, along with a predictive risk score, could assist in predicting in-hospital mortality of DKA and serve as a guide for physicians to identify patients at high risk. Nevertheless, as the predictive score was internally validated with data from a single institution, external validation in diverse healthcare settings with larger datasets or prospective cohorts is crucial to confirm the model’s generalizability and predictive accuracy.
Histomorphometric and Micro-CT Evaluation of Cerabone and Bio-Oss in Maxillary Sinus Lifting: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus Vinicius Neumann Brandão , Hochuli-Vieira Eduardo , Statkievicz Cristian , Pereira Santos Déborah Laurindo , Augusto Neto Renato Torres , Pinto Carolina de Fátima Soares , Bennardo Francesco , Mourão Carlos Fernando
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: The loss of teeth in the posterior maxillary region often leads to significant alveolar bone resorption and maxillary sinus pneumatization, complicating dental implant placement. Maxillary sinus grafting, typically using autogenous bone, is a common solution. However, autogenous bone grafts require additional surgical procedures, leading to increased morbidity. This study aims to compare the efficacy of two xenografts, Bio-Oss and Cerabone, in promoting new bone formation in maxillary sinus grafting through histomorphometric analysis and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: A total of 22 maxillary sinuses (12 right and 10 left) were grafted, with 12 using Cerabone and 10 using Bio-Oss. Six months post-grafting, biopsies were collected for histomorphometric analysis to measure new bone formation, connective tissue, and residual biomaterial. Additionally, micro-CT analysis was performed to assess bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, number, and separation. Results: Histomorphometric analysis showed that the Cerabone group had a higher average new bone formation (25.94% ± 10.55) compared to the Bio-Oss group (17.29% ± 4.61), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). Micro-CT analysis revealed that the bone volume fraction in the Cerabone group was significantly higher compared to the Bio-Oss group, with significant differences in trabecular thickness (p = 0.02) but not in trabecular number or separation. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that both xenografts are effective in promoting new bone formation in maxillary sinus grafting. However, Cerabone showed superior performance in terms of new bone formation and bone volume fraction, suggesting it may be a more effective option for maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.
Mandibular Fractures in Edentulous Patients with Bone Atrophy and Osseointegrated Dental Implants: Therapeutic Management in a Case Series
Authors: Benito Anguita Marta , del Castillo Pardo de Vera Jose Luis , Khayat Saad , López López Ana María , González Martín Moro Javier , Arenas de Frutos Gema , Antúnez-Conde Hidalgo Raúl , Pampín Martínez Marta , Gómez Larren Estela , Navarro Cuéllar Carlos , Carretero Jose Luis Cebrián , Navarro Cuéllar Ignacio
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: This research describes the management of mandibular fractures in edentulous patients with atrophic mandibles and implant-retained overdentures, exploring etiologies and treatment options. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study (January 2010–December 2023) was conducted on six patients from two hospitals (Hospital Gregorio Marañón y Hospital La Paz, Madrid). The data collected included fracture etiology, treatment type, and complications. Results: All six patients were women, with a mean age of 76.33 years. The most common cause of fracture was peri-implantitis (50%). Surgical treatment (open reduction and internal fixation) was performed in five patients, with different surgical approaches and fixation methods. One patient, due to multiple comorbidities, received conservative treatment. Complications occurred in 50% of cases, including delayed healing and hypoesthesia. The average hospital stay was four days, with a mean follow-up of 34 months. Conclusions: Mandibular fractures in these patients are rare. Surgical treatment using rigid fixation plates is recommended. The rational use of bone grafting should be taken into account. Treatment depends on fracture type, patient condition, and surgeon experience.
Pediatric Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Dog Bite Scalp Avulsion with a Combination of Acellular and Matrix Products: A Case Report
Authors: Grussu Francesca , Ciprandi Guido , Lo Torto Federico , Ribuffo Diego , Zama Mario
Published: November 2024

The reconstruction of large full-thickness scalp injuries represents a great challenge in pediatric plastic surgery. Epidermal–dermal substitutes come to the rescue when traditional surgical strategies are not suitable. Recently, the new Integra MicroMatrix UBM particulate has arisen on the market. This is an extracellular matrix derived from the porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) in which the particulate structure provides close contact to the wound bed. We present the concomitant application of Integra DRT and MicroMatrix for the reconstruction of a full-thickness subtotal scalp defect in a child mauled by a dog.
Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Membrane with In Situ Constructed Covalent Organic Frameworks as Separation Layer
Authors: Xu Fangyi , Zhao Shuxin , Song Junjie , Peng Yu , Su Baowei
Published: November 2024

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) technology is advantageous for separating mixtures of organic solutions owing to its low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are good candidates for enhancing the efficiency of solvent transport and ensuring precise molecular sieving of OSN membranes. In this study, p-phenylenediamine (Pa) and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (Tp) are used to construct, in situ, a TpPa COF skin layer via interfacial polymerization (IP) on a polyimide substrate surface. After subsequent crosslinking and activation steps, a kind of TpPa/polyimide (PI) OSN membrane is obtained. Under optimized fabrications, this OSN membrane exhibits an ethanol permeance of 58.0 LMH/MPa, a fast green FCF (FGF) rejection of 96.2%, as well as a pure n-hexane permeance of 102.0 LMH/MPa. Furthermore, the TpPa/PI OSN membrane exhibits good solvent resistance, which makes it suitable for the separation, purification, and concentration of organic solvents.
Profiling of Metabolome in the Plasma Following a circH19 Knockdown Intervention in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Zhao Hanxin , Shi Dike , Gui Weiwei , Lin Xihua , Chen Jionghuang , Yu Weihua
Published: November 2024

The circular RNA circH19 has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression and various biological processes, including obesity. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic changes in plasma after circH19 knockdown in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. Methods: Plasma samples were collected following the intervention and subjected to non-targeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Metabolic profiling was performed to identify and quantify metabolites, followed by multivariate statistical analysis to discern differential metabolic signatures. Results: A total of 1250 features were quantified, resulting in the upregulation of 564 metabolites and the downregulation of 686 metabolites in the circH19 knockdown group compared to the control mice. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed disruptions in lipid metabolism, amino acid turnover, and energy production pathways. Notably, the intervention led to a substantial decrease in circulating lipids and alterations in the plasma amino acid profile, indicative of an impact on protein catabolism and anabolic processes. The observed shifts in lipid and amino acid metabolism suggest potential therapeutic avenues for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Conclusions: The circH19 knockdown in DIO mice led to significant alterations in plasma metabolites, highlighting its potential role in the regulation of obesity and metabolic disorders.
Chromatography-Based Metabolomics as a Tool in Bioorganic Research of Honey
Authors: Kranjac Marina , Kuś Piotr Marek , Prđun Saša , Odžak Renata , Tuberoso Carlo Ignazio Giovanni
Published: November 2024

This review presents the latest research on chromatography-based metabolomics for bioorganic research of honey, considering targeted, suspect, and untargeted metabolomics involving metabolite profiling and metabolite fingerprinting. These approaches give an insight into the metabolic diversity of different honey varieties and reveal different classes of organic compounds in the metabolic profiles, among which, key metabolites such as biomarkers and bioactive compounds can be highlighted. Chromatography-based metabolomics strategies have significantly impacted different aspects of bioorganic research, including primary areas such as botanical origins, honey origin traceability, entomological origins, and honey maturity. Through the use of different tools for complex data analysis, these strategies contribute to the detection, assessment, and/or correlation of different honey parameters and attributes. Bioorganic research is mainly focused on phytochemicals and their transformation, but the chemical changes that can occur during the different stages of honey formation remain a challenge. Furthermore, the latest user- and environmentally friendly sample preparation methods and technologies as well as future perspectives and the role of chromatography-based metabolomic strategies in honey characterization are discussed. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest metabolomics strategies contributing to bioorganic research onf honey, with emphasis on the (i) metabolite analysis by gas and liquid chromatography techniques; (ii) key metabolites in the obtained metabolic profiles; (iii) formation and accumulation of biogenic volatile and non-volatile markers; (iv) sample preparation procedures; (v) data analysis, including software and databases; and (vi) conclusions and future perspectives. For the present review, the literature search strategy was based on the PRISMA guidelines and focused on studies published between 2019 and 2024. This review outlines the importance of metabolomics strategies for potential innovations in characterizing honey and unlocking its full bioorganic potential.
Microfabrication Technologies for Interaction Circuits of THz Vacuum Electronic Devices
Authors: Li Xinghui , Feng Jinjun
Published: November 2024

Advances in manufacturing technology are allowing for the realization of interaction circuit with microstructures. The capability to produce small circuit structures is allowing new opportunities for vacuum electronic devices producing terahertz (THz) frequency radiation, which is impractical with traditional machining technology. This publication reviews recent progress on advanced microfabrication technologies applicable to interaction circuits of THz vacuum electronic devices, including LIGA/UV-LIGA (Ultraviolet Lithographic, Galvonoformung and Abformung), deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), micro/nano computer numerical control (CNC) milling, three-dimension (3D) printing, etc., and describes the current State-of-the-Art of their applications.
Numerical Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Microchannels with Slip and Viscous Dissipation Effects
Authors: Vocale Pamela , Morini Gian Luca
Published: November 2024

Microchannels are widely used across various industries, including pharmaceuticals and biochemistry, automotive and aerospace, energy production, and many others, although they were originally developed for the computing and electronics sectors. The performance of microchannels is strongly affected by factors such as rarefaction and viscous dissipation. In the present paper, a numerical analysis of the performance of microchannels featuring rectangular, trapezoidal and double-trapezoidal cross-sections in the slip flow regime is presented. The fully developed laminar forced convection of a Newtonian fluid with constant properties is considered. The non-dimensional forms of governing equations are solved by setting slip velocity and uniform heat flux as boundary conditions. Model accuracy was established using the available scientific literature. The numerical results indicated that viscous dissipation effects led to a decrease in the average Nusselt number across all the microchannels examined in this study. The degree of reduction is influenced by the cross-section, aspect ratio and Knudsen number. The highest reductions in the average Nusselt number values were observed under continuum flow conditions for all the microchannels investigated.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from Goats in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Sunder Jai , De Arun Kumar , Sujatha Tamilvanan , Chakraborty Gayatri , Mayuri Srikoti Chandershekhar , Bhattacharya Debasis , Alyethodi Rafeeque Rahman , Chakurkar Eaknath Bhanudasrao
Published: November 2024

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants, especially of goats and sheep. Here, we report an outbreak of the disease in goats for the first time from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands along with isolation and molecular characterization of the pathogen. A total of 22 goats were affected, with an attack rate of 12.02%, and six isolates were identified from the clinical samples. Molecular characterization of the pathogen was carried out based on the sequence information of 16S rRNA and RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene fragments. rpoB-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates belonged to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis. The antimicrobial resistance study revealed that the isolates were 100% resistant against erythromycin and rifampicin. Fifty percent resistance was found against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and vancomycin. All the isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, sulphafurazole, ampicillin/cloxacillin, and oxytetracycline. In conclusion, the present study reports the occurrence of CLA in goats for the first time from an isolated archipelago of India and unveils the molecular signature and antibiotic resistance patten of the pathogen. The findings of this study will be helpful to control or eradicate the disease from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Dark Anaerobic Conditions Induce a Fast Induction of the Xanthophyll Cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii When Exposed to High Light
Authors: Faraloni Cecilia , Touloupakis Eleftherios , Torzillo Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Background: Dark anaerobiosis promotes the acidification of the thylakoid lumen and a reduction in the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. The relationship between the reduction in the PQ pool in the dark and the induction of the xanthophyll cycle under high light stress was investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Methods: To achieve a comprehensive oxidative/reductive (aerobic/anaerobic conditions) state of the PQ pool, cultures were bubbled with air or nitrogen for 4 h. To induce the xanthophyll cycle, the cultures were then irradiated with 1200 µmolphotons m−2 s−1 white light for 1 h. Results: The anaerobic cultures exhibited a stronger induction of the xanthophyll cycle with a 3.4-fold higher de-epoxidation state than the aerobic cultures. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that this response was influenced by the previous redox state of the PQ pool, and that dark anaerobiosis triggers physiological responses, such as exposure to high light. Thus, the photosynthetic apparatus in anaerobic cultures was already alerted, at the moment of high light exposure, to give an appropriate response to the stress with a stronger induction of the xanthophyll cycle than in aerobic cultures. Conclusions: Our results provide new information on the importance of the redox signaling pathway and highlight the importance of the reductive conditions of the PQ pool in regulating the physiological responses of photosynthetic organisms to stress.
Verrucomicrobia of the Family Chthoniobacteraceae Participate in Xylan Degradation in Boreal Peat Soils
Authors: Rakitin Andrey L. , Kulichevskaya Irina S. , Beletsky Alexey V. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ravin Nikolai V.
Published: November 2024

The phylum Verrucomicrobiota is one of the main groups of soil prokaryotes, which remains poorly represented by cultivated organisms. The major recognized role of Verrucomicrobiota in soils is the degradation of plant-derived organic matter. These bacteria are particularly abundant in peatlands, where xylan-type hemicelluloses represent one of the most actively decomposed peat constituents. The aim of this work was to characterize the microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing xylan under the anoxic conditions typical of peatland soils. The laboratory incubation of peat samples with xylan resulted in the pronounced enrichment of several phylotypes affiliated with the Verrucomicrobiota, Firmicutes, and Alphaproteobacteria. Sequencing of the metagenome of the enrichment culture allowed us to recover high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) assigned to the genera Caproiciproducens, Clostridium, Bacillus (Firmicutes), and Rhizomicrobium (Alphaproteobacteria), Cellulomonas (Actinobacteriota) and the uncultured genus-level lineage of the family Chthoniobacteraceae (Verrucomicrobiota). The latter bacterium, designated “Candidatus Chthoniomicrobium xylanophilum” SH-KS-3, dominated in the metagenome and its MAG was assembled as a complete closed chromosome. An analysis of the SH-KS-3 genome revealed potential endo-1,4-beta-xylanases, as well as xylan beta-1,4-xylosidases and other enzymes involved in xylan utilization. A genome analysis revealed the absence of aerobic respiration and predicted chemoheterotrophic metabolism with the capacity to utilize various carbohydrates, including cellulose, and to perform fermentation or nitrate reduction. An analysis of other MAGs suggested that Clostridium and Rhizomicrobium could play the role of primary xylan degraders while other community members probably took advantage of the availability of xylo-oligosaccharides and xylose or utilized low molecular weight organics.
Closed-Loop Process of Extracting and Separating Zinc Impurities from Industrial Cobalt Products—Pilot Test Study
Authors: Zou Xiaoping , Meng Xiaofei , Jiang Yingping , Dong Xulong , Li Shili
Published: November 2024

The cobalt-containing products of an enterprise were selected as the object of this study. The separation effect of Cyanex 272 on Zn and Co was studied through a pilot test. The results showed that Cyanex 272 had a high extraction rate for Zn at pH 3–3.4, up to 99.8%. The extracted Zn2+ was enriched in the organic phase, and the Zn2+ in the organic phase was extracted back into the aqueous phase in the stripping stage by adding strong acid. Addition amounts of strong acid of 50 g·L−1, 80 g·L−1, and 100 g·L−1 were set. The results showed that the addition amounts of 80 g·L−1 and 100 g·L−1 could significantly reduce the pH of the back-extraction solution and effectively enrich Zn2+ in the solution. There was a large amount of Zn2+ in the back-extraction solution, which could be used twice to prepare zinc carbonate products through neutralization and precipitation. By comparing the extraction effect, economic cost, and resource loss under different strong acid addition amounts, it was found that the 80 g·L−1 strong acid addition amount was more suitable for the actual production process. This study provides data support and practical evidence for the selection of industrial extraction process parameters for Zn2+ separation in actual cobalt products.
Local Crystallographic Texture of Alpha Quartz in Silicified Wood (Late Triassic, Madagascar)
Authors: Pakhnevich Alexey , Lychagina Tatiana , Morris Sancia , Nikolayev Dmitry
Published: November 2024

Compositional and anatomical studies of silicified wood have been carried out extensively all around the world. The classification of silicified wood as such deals with all the forms and phases of silica that come under its umbrella. One such class of silicified wood is fossil wood with a high content of quartz, and there are very limited mentions of this category of fossilized wood. The examined wood belongs to gymnosperm and comes from the Upper Triassic deposits of Madagascar. A fresh approach to such samples is adopted by studying the crystallographic texture of the fossil wood to understand the orientation of the crystals replacing the organic matter within the sample. This work focuses on crystallographic texture analysis based on pole figures measured by X-ray diffraction. The intensity of the pole density maxima on the pole figures measured on the heartwood surface part of the analyzed samples is higher than that on the sapwood. This affirms that the crystallographic texture is sharper at the heartwood part compared to the sapwood. The X-ray tomography study, conducted to understand the difference in mineral distribution within the sample, reveals a greater X-ray absorbing phase on the sapwood of both samples. This is due to the concentration of iron compounds, which both replace the remaining conductive structures of the wood and fill the cavities inside them. We believe that this research on silicified wood is the first research work that encompasses crystallographic texture analysis with pole figures, an approach not previously undertaken in similar studies. We hope that our research can be useful in understanding the processes of replacement of organic matter by minerals.
Regulation of Interface Compatibility and Performance in Soft Magnetic Composites with Inorganic Insulation Layers by FePO4 Intermediate Transition Layer
Authors: Huang Sanao , Ma Junjie , Liu Yang , He Hao , Lyu Peisheng , Huang Huaqin , Dai Bing
Published: November 2024

In the fabrication of soft magnetic composites, the lattice mismatch between the inorganic insulation layer and the iron matrix often leads to the formation of cracks during the molding process, which significantly impairs the operational performance of the materials. Consequently, it is imperative to develop novel strategies for inorganic insulation coatings that offer high electrical resistivity and thermal stability and are less susceptible to cracking during formation. This paper presents a new structure for soft magnetic composites that incorporates FePO4 as an intermediate transition layer between the iron-based soft magnetic particles and the inorganic ceramic insulation layer. This configuration is designed to provide insulation coatings with superior voltage and thermal resistance, as well as high electrical resistivity. The research details the processes forming the FePO4 intermediate transition layer and the SiO2 insulation layer on the iron powder surface, along with their interaction mechanisms. An analysis comparing the scenarios with and without the FePO4 intermediate transition layer shows its beneficial impact on the magnetic properties and mechanical strength of the soft magnetic composites. Further investigations reveal that at a phosphoric acid concentration of 1 wt.%, the FePO4 layer significantly enhances the interface compatibility between the Fe powder matrix and the SiO2 insulation layer. Under these conditions, the Fe@ FePO4/SiO2 soft magnetic composites demonstrate outstanding overall performance: the saturation magnetization stands at 215.60 emu/g, effective permeability at 83.2, resistivity at 57.42 Ω·m, power loss at 375.0 kW/m3 under 30 mT/100 kHz, and radial compressive strength at 15.95 Kgf. These findings offer novel insights and practical approaches for advancing inorganic insulation coating strategies and provide vital scientific support for further enhancing the magnetic and mechanical properties of soft magnetic composites.
Correction: Chen et al. Tellurium Doping Inducing Defect Passivation for Highly Effective Antimony Selenide Thin Film Solar Cell. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 1240
Authors: Chen Guojie , Li Xiangye , Abbas Muhammad , Fu Chen , Su Zhenghua , Tang Rong , Chen Shuo , Fan Ping , Liang Guangxing
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
Dietary Factors and Cardiovascular Diseases: Comprehensive Insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Gao Yikun , Smerin Daniel , Amin Mohammad Rohul , Chen Zhibiao , Jian Zhihong , Gu Lijuan , Xiong Xiaoxing
Published: November 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major public health concern. The impact of dietary components on CVD risk has been recognized, but their interactions require further investigation. This study aimed to examine the associations between major nutrient intake and CVD risk and to assess potential causal relationships via Mendelian randomization. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020, with a sample size of 5464 adult participants. Nutrient intake was derived from two 24 h dietary recalls. Associations between four principal nutrients and CVD risk were evaluated via Mendelian randomization analysis. Additionally, weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to adjust for potential confounders, including age, sex, BMI, and other lifestyle factors. Results: An observational analysis revealed that increased log-transformed dietary fat intake was associated with reduced heart failure risk (OR = 0.722, 95% CI: 0.549–0.954). Log-transformed protein intake was protective against heart failure (OR = 0.645, 95% CI: 0.471–0.889), coronary artery disease (OR = 0.684, 95% CI: 0.504–0.931), and stroke (OR = 0.747, 95% CI: 0.568–0.988). IVW-MR analyses confirmed causal relationships between relative fat intake and heart failure risk (OR = 0.766, 95% CI: 0.598–0.982, p = 0.035) and between protein intake and stroke risk (OR = 0.993, 95% CI: 0.988–0.998, p = 0.010). MR analysis also revealed causal relationships between relative fat intake and coronary artery disease risk and between relative protein intake and hypertension risk. Conclusions: Both the observational and Mendelian randomization studies indicated that dietary fat is inversely associated with heart failure risk and that protein intake is correlated with reduced stroke risk. Future studies should investigate the optimal balance of macronutrients for CVD prevention, explore potential mechanisms underlying these associations, and consider long-term dietary interventions to validate these findings.
Immune Alterations with Aging: Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Yu Weiru , Yu Yifei , Sun Siyuan , Lu Chenxu , Zhai Jianan , Lei Yumei , Bai Feirong , Wang Ran , Chen Juan
Published: November 2024

Aging is the result of a complex interplay of physical, environmental, and social factors, leading to an increased prevalence of chronic age-related diseases that burden health and social care systems. As the global population ages, it is crucial to understand the aged immune system, which undergoes declines in both innate and adaptive immunity. This immune decline exacerbates the aging process, creating a feedback loop that accelerates the onset of diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Intervention strategies, including dietary adjustments, pharmacological treatments, and immunomodulatory therapies, represent promising approaches to counteract immunosenescence. These interventions aim to enhance immune function by improving the activity and interactions of aging-affected immune cells, or by modulating inflammatory responses through the suppression of excessive cytokine secretion and inflammatory pathway activation. Such strategies have the potential to restore immune homeostasis and mitigate age-related inflammation, thus reducing the risk of chronic diseases linked to aging. In summary, this review provides insights into the effects and underlying mechanisms of immunosenescence, as well as its potential interventions, with particular emphasis on the relationship between aging, immunity, and nutritional factors.
Factors Associated with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity and Its Relation to Food Insecurity in Korean Adults with Obesity
Authors: Lee Jimin , Kim Wonsock , Park Jae-Min , Huh Youn , Kim Jung Hwan , Kim Young Sik , Kang Seo Young
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The association between food insecurity and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) in the population with obesity is unclear. We evaluated factors associated with MUO and the relationship between food insecurity and MUO in individuals with obesity. Methods: We analyzed data from 5191 adults with obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019–2021. MUO was defined when participants with obesity had any of the following: (1) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, (2) High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (men), <50 mg/dL (women), (3) systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or on treatment for hypertension, (4) fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL, or on treatment for diabetes. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MUO according to food security status, sociodemographic characteristics, and lifestyle factors were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of MUO and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) among the participants was 85.4% and 14.6%, respectively. In the multivariate model, the OR (95% CIs) for MUO in the food insecurity group was 1.87 (1.03–3.43). The odds for MUO were higher among participants with older age, higher BMI, <12 years of education, lower fat intake, non-manual work, and moderated and low physical activity than among their counterparts. Conclusions: Food insecurity, older age, higher BMI, lower educational level, lower fat intake, non-manual workers, and lower physical activity were associated with MUO. Therefore, targeted interventions and policies are needed for vulnerable groups.
Association of Dietary Patterns, C-Reactive Protein, and Risk of Obesity Among Children Aged 9–17 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study
Authors: Su Zheng , Zeng Chunzi , Huang Jie , Luo Shiyun , Guo Jiaying , Fu Jinhan , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Zhoubin , Zhang Bo , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge in the 21st century, and diet is one of the key modifiable factors in its prevention. This study examined the link between dietary patterns of children and general and central obesity, including the role of C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods: This study enrolled 2413 children aged 9–17. Anthropometric measurements, CRP levels, and dietary data were collected. Factor analysis identified dietary patterns, and logistic regression examined the association between CRP levels and childhood obesity. Multiple linear regression determined the correlation between dietary patterns and CRP. Mediation analysis assessed the role of CRP in the link between dietary patterns and childhood obesity. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. The rice and meat pattern was significantly correlated to the risk of childhood obesity (OR = 1.166, 95%CI: 1.000, 1.359 for general obesity; OR = 1.215, 95%CI: 1.071, 1.377 for central obesity). CRP was positively correlated with childhood obesity risk (OR = 2.301, 95%CI: 1.776, 2.982 for general obesity; OR = 2.165, 95%CI: 1.738, 2.697 for central obesity). The fruit and vegetable pattern was inversely related to CRP (β= −0.059, 95%CI: −0.081, −0.036), while the snack pattern was positively correlated (β= 0.043, 95%CI: 0.020, 0.065). CRP had a suppressive effect on the association between the fruit and vegetable pattern and snack pattern with childhood obesity. Conclusions: This study revealed the rice and meat pattern as a risk factor for childhood obesity, and cross-sectional evidence linked the fruit and vegetable pattern and snack pattern to childhood obesity risk, mediated by CRP.