bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utah State University Watershed Sciences Graduate Student Induction Course
Authors: Wheaton Joseph , Belmont Patrick
Published: July 2020

Utah State University Department of Watershed Sciences runs an introductory course for all incoming graduate students (15 in Fall 2012) immediately prior to each Fall semester. The course is an intense, five day introduction to the fundamental concepts of Watershed Science, as well as the people of the Department of Watershed Science and the techniques they use in research. The course begins with one day focused on water quality and wetlands at Cutler Reservoir in Logan, Utah, then one and a half days focusing on collection of fish, remotely sensed data, and topographic surveys in the Logan River watershed, followed by one and a half days discussing landscape organization and evolution and making field observations in the Grand Teton egion. We use AMK Ranch for lectures, discussions, group dinners, sleeping quarters, and as a central base for Teton area activities, including rafting on the Snake River (photos above).
Dr. John C. Reed, Jr.: Pioneering Geologist, Mountaineer, and Author of Creation of the Teton Landscape
Authors: Frost Carol , Reed John
Published: July 2020

Few geologists today possess the mountaineering skills to study rocks exposed in the topographically challenging terrain of the Tetons. Even fewer can claim the accomplishment of making the first geologic map of an entire mountain range. One of these pioneering geologists is John C. Reed, Jr., who joined the U.S. Geological Survey in 1953, and who is now scientist emeritus at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver (Figure 1). In addition to his field geology expertise, Dr. Reed also has a special talent for communicating complex geologic concepts to the public. The purpose of this project was to profile this pioneering mountaineer-geologist and accomplished writer, and to archive his maps, field notes, and photographs for use by future scientists and for the public, particularly park visitors.
How Conifer Diversity and Availability Influence the Abundance and Biology of the Red Crossbill
Authors: Hahn Thomas , Schultz Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

In order to understand the distributions and abundances of animals, many environmental factors must be considered, particularly the availability of food resources. Food resources are especially important to nomadic species that move in response to the spatial and temporal availability of these specific food resources that are critical to their survival. An example of such nomadic species is the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), which specializes on conifer seeds, a resource that significantly varies both temporally and geographically. Thus, crossbills will move large distances each year to find areas with abundant conifer seeds. While conifer seeds impact the distribution, abundance, and reproductive rate of crossbills, it is likely not the only factor driving these patterns. To truly understand what drives the distribution and abundance of crossbills across North America, further study is needed not only on how external environmental factors such as food abundance affect these patterns, but how tradeoffs among internal physiological processes such as reproduction and survival related processes such as immune function may affect when crossbills irruptively migrate or whether or not reproduction occurs. Historically, research to understand how organisms orchestrate their annual cycles with respect to these costly and conflicting physiological processes has focused narrowly on seasonal breeders that constrain reproduction to times of year when thermoregulatory demand is low (i.e., summer), which provide limited opportunities to reveal how physiological costs of different processes may interact with environmental conditions to influence the evolution of investment strategies. In this study, we are examining how the diversity, abundance, and size of cone crop of conifers influence both 1) the quantity and diversity of red crossbills, as well as 2) their seasonal modulation in investment patterns in reproduction and self-maintenance processes such as immune function in Grand Teton National Park, where crossbills can be found breeding in both summer and winter. Preliminary results from this study have indicated that both conifer diversity and cone crop size affect overall quantity and vocal type diversity of crossbills in Grand Teton National Park, as well as affecting their investment in reproduction and immunity. Overall, results from this study will provide information on how species in general and crossbills, specifically, respond to rapidly changing environments, which has become increasingly important in light of the effects of anthropogenic change.
The Role of Dendrochronology in Understanding the Modern Decline of Whitebark Pine in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
Authors: McLaughlan Kendra , Kelly Kyleen
Published: July 2020

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is the only pine keystone species found in North America. Although it is considered a keystone species in high elevation ecosystems in the northern Rockies, it occupies a relatively restricted range and its future is uncertain. In modern times, it has experienced a significant decline in population due to pine beetle infestations, blister rust infections, fire suppression, and climate change. Despite the knowledge that the species is severely threatened, little is known about its paleoecology. More specifically, much remains unknown about how the distribution and stability of whitebark pine were affected by past climate change. The purpose of this study is to determine in great temporal and spatial detail the demographics of the current stand of whitebark pine trees in the watershed surrounding an unnamed, high-altitude pond (known informally as Whitebark Pine Moraine Pond) located approximately 3.06 miles NW of Jenny Lake in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). The main objectives of this study are: 1.) To obtain the precise GPS locations of the current stand of whitebark pine trees in the watershed to generate a GIS map detailing their locations. 2.) To obtain increment cores of a subset of the trees in the watershed to estimate age and date of establishment for the current stand of whitebark pines, with particular attention to fire history. 3.) To analyze ring widths from core samples to identify climatic indicators that may influence the regeneration and survival of whitebark pine.
Jackson Hole Wildlife Park: An Experiment to Bridge Tourism and Conservation
Authors: Sanders Diane
Published: July 2020

From a vantage point on a rise above the Snake River, the valley below is shrouded in darkness. A faint glow on the eastern horizon heralds the dawn. The only sound comes from the river as water gurgles over rocks and other impediments. As the sky grows brighter, the shadows in the valley begin to take form, revealing numerous small streams that braid through dense thickets of willows and other shrubbery before returning to the main river channel. Small dark shapes dart among the trees and shrubs, filling the air with a variety of birdsongs. As the rising sun gradually illuminates the valley a herd of elk rise, one-by-one, in a distant meadow and begin grazing on the spring grasses. Moments later a cow moose and her calf emerge from behind the willows at the waterâs edge, scattering the birds. This area, with its mosaic of habitats, teems with wildlife. It is not surprising, then, that this upper part of Jackson Hole became the chosen site for the Jackson Hole Wildlife Park (JHWP) and became the Parkâs main animal viewing area for tourists and scientists alike.
Mass-Movement Disturbance Regime Landscapes, Hazards, and Water Implications: Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Shroder John , Weihs Brandon
Published: July 2020

The Teton Range is the result of active crustal extension (normal faulting) and is the youngest range in the Rocky Mountains at approximately 2 million years old. This makes it a particularly attractive landscape to study, especially in terms of landform development and morphology because of its youth, state of seismic activity, and its recent deglaciation. These factors have combined to produce a unique fluvial landscape in that the fault-shattered metamorphic/igneous rocks of the range have been/are being eroded from their source cliffs at high rates which has covered the glacially scoured valley floors with colluvium such as talus slopes, rock slide, avalanche, and debris flow deposits. This project was focused on the characterization of all forms of mass movement, especially rock slides, multiple talus types (rockfall, alluvial, avalanche), protalus lobes, protalus ramparts, lobate and tongue-shaped rock glaciers, and their collective effects on water retention and its late-season delivery in the Grand Teton National Park, WY. A major goal of this project was to reclassify many of the mass movements in the park in an effort to streamline and simplify previous efforts by other scientists. Methods used during this study included field reconnaissance and measurements acquired during the summers of 2010 and 2013 and measurements taken from various datasets (NAIP imagery, shape files used within a GIS [ArcMap 10.0], and Google Earthâ¢). Mass movement deposits, as well as ice glaciers and long-term snowbanks, were mapped and interpreted. Overall conclusions are that the major sources of mass movements from the Archean crystalline core of the range are the result of extensive jointing, fault-shattering, increased frost-wedging at higher altitudes, slopes steepened by prior glacial erosion, and extensive snow avalanches. Areas of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks marginal to the crystalline core produce rockslides as a result of steep dips and unstable shales beneath massive overlying carbonates. The presence of internal ground ice enables development of protalus lobes, thicker rock-fragment flows, and thinner boulder streams. Such ground ice is likely to enhance late-season water delivery downstream unless climate warming and recurrent droughts become too extreme.
Identifying Rare Montane Meadow Parnassian Butterfly Populations Across Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
Authors: Szcondronski Kimberly , Debinski Diane
Published: July 2020

The pristine, protected ecosystem of Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) is the ideal location to study the relationships between butterfly populations and the habitats on which these insects depend. Two montane meadow butterfly species, Parnassius clodius and Parnassius smintheus, were investigated in this study to identify patterns of habitat occupancy relating to variables across GRTE and into the surrounding territory of BridgerâTeton National Forest (BTNF). Population dynamics of P. clodius have been intensively studied by our research group over several consecutive years in one isolated population in Grand Teton National Park. However, little has been investigated regarding the Parnassian butterfliesâ population range across the GRTE ecosystem. For this study, presence-absence butterfly surveys were conducted across 45 meadow sites in preferred habitat during the Parnassius flight season (June â July 2013). We found that P. clodius occupied 80% of the meadows surveyed, which was far greater than was originally predicted. P. smintheus, the more rare Parnassian butterfly in the GRTE ecosystem, was only found at 9% of the meadows surveyed. Understanding population ranges and habitat limits of these butterfly populations will be useful for managers and scientists within GRTE, and will assist conservation efforts for other related Parnassian species that are threatened or endangered worldwide due to habitat loss and climate change.
Old Faithful Visitorâs Center Exhibit Observation Study
Authors: Williams Pat , Darville Ray , Fuller Sarah
Published: July 2020

This report was a result of volunteer research orchestrated by Katy Duffy, Interpretive Planner, Yellowstone National Park. The data collection was a direct need for grant compliance for the National Science Foundation associated with exhibits for the new Old Faithful Visitor Education Center, which opened to the public in August, 2006. The objective of this research was to understand visitor interaction with these exhibits using an unobtrusive form of data collection.
Alpine Moist Meadow Response to Nitrogen Deposition in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Churchill Amber , Bowman William
Published: July 2020

The deposition of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) in alpine ecosystems can have multiple deleterious effects on plants, soils and hydrology in both the alpine and areas downstream through leaching and export. Thresholds for ecological responses to N deposition have been established for lakes, soils and changes in plant community composition in some areas of the Rocky Mountains. These thresholds offer a target for land and air resource managers to prevent significant changes in ecosystem function, however the underlying feedbacks controlling ecosystem response have not been fully examined. Research originally proposed in association with our UW NPS Small Grant aimed to examine plant to ecosystem interactions within alpine moist meadows between two sites receiving different levels of N deposition. This focus has been modified, in response to site limitations, to examine the mediation of the N cycle by the alpine moist meadow plant community.
Using Field Data to Validate Satellite Models of Elk Forage in the Upper Yellowstone River Basin
Authors: Garroutte Erica , Hansen Andrew
Published: July 2020

Spatial and temporal variations in grassland phenology are thought to play a critical role in migration patterns of large herbivores in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Phenology, referring to the timing of green-up in this study, is directly related to biomass and forage quality. Migratory elk (Cervus elaphus), therefore, are believed to follow phenology across an elevation gradient during the growing season to maximize their access to high quality and quantity of forage. Concern that climate change and human land use alterations of phenology may impact the benefits of elk migration highlights the need for landscape-scale vegetation phenology monitoring. Satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) shows potential as a remote sensing tool to predict landscape-level shifts in grassland phenology, but is limited by a lack of validation at varying scales, seasons, and in human land use areas. This study is focused on validating the accuracy of satellite-derived NDVI in estimating grassland phenology, biomass, and forage quality throughout the summer growing season within elk migratory ranges in the Upper Yellowstone River Basin. Results from this study will provide managers and researchers with information on the accuracy of NDVI as a tool for monitoring the effects of climate change and human land use on grassland dynamics relevant to migratory elk.
Validation of Fecal-based Methods for Monitoring Nutrition and Reproduction of Moose in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Goheen Jacob , Jesmer Brett
Published: July 2020

Understanding the influence of habitat and climate on wildlife nutrition, reproduction and demography is a major goal for natural resource managers and ecologists alike. Although both top-down (i.e., predation and disease) and bottom-up (i.e. habitat and nutrition) forces impact demography, the nutritional condition of an animal is an integration of its environment (Parker et al. 2009) and influences reproduction and survival (Clutton-Brock et al. 1987, Keech et al. 2000, Cook et al. 2004), thus allowing for the identification of limiting factors. Researchers and managers must understand which factors limit population growth before mitigating actions can be taken.
NASA-NPS Landscape Climate Change Vulnerability Project (LCCVP) Team Meeting at AMK Ranch
Authors: Hansen Andy , Oliff Tom
Published: July 2020

A NASA-funded research team met May 19-22 at the AMK Ranch for a semi-annual team workshop. Participants included: Montana State University â Andy Hansen, Tony Chang, Regan Nelson, Nate Piekielek Woods Hole Research Center â Patrick Jantz, Scott Zolkos NPS Inventory & Monitoring Program â John Gross, Bill Monahan Great Northern LCC â Tom Olliff NASA Ames â Forrest Melton, Jun Xiong Guest â Steve Running (University of Montana) Chef â Jodi Stevens The goal of the project is to demonstrate the four steps of climate adaptation planning in two US Department of Interior Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) using NASA and other data and models. Objectives are: 1. Hindcast and forecast future climate and land use scenarios. 2. Assess the vulnerability of ecological processes and key habitat types. 3. Evaluate management options. 4. Design and implement management adaptation strategies. 5. Facilitate decision support.
Evaluating the Effects of Projected Climate Change on Forest Fuel Moisture Content
Authors: Nelson Kellen , Tinker Daniel
Published: July 2020

Understanding how live and dead forest fuel moisture content (FMC) varies with seasonal weather and stand structure will improve researchersâ and forest managersâ ability to predict the cumulative effects of weather on fuel drying during the fire season and help identify acute conditions that foster wildfire ignition and high rates of fire spread. No studies have investigated the efficacy of predicting FMC using mechanistic water budget models at daily time scales through the fire season nor have they investigated how FMC may vary across space. This study addresses these gaps by (1) validating a novel mechanistic live FMC model and (2) applying this model with an existing dead FMC model at three forest sites using five climate change scenarios to characterize how FMC changes through time and across space. Sites include post-fire 24-year old forest, mature forest with high canopy cover, and mature forest affected by the mountain pine beetle with moderate canopy cover. Climate scenarios include central tendency, warm/dry, warm/wet, hot/dry, and hot/wet.
Assessing the Potential of the River Otter to Promote Aquatic Conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: A Unique Approach for Developing a Long-Term Aquatic Flagship
Authors: Pearce Kelly , Serfass Tom
Published: July 2020

Charismatic âflagshipâ species are used in many parts of the world to raise public awareness or financial support for conservation, both among local people living in the area and among potential donors living far away. Flagship species can serve as symbols to stimulate conservation awareness and action and have been particularly valuable because of their potential to change citizen behavior, including involvement in conservation and support of fundraising. For a flagship to be successful, however, the target audience and conservation objectives must be established and understood before implementing the concept. Researchers have suggested that a successful flagship should possess traits that endear it to the public, should not be feared or disliked, nor have been used to convey conflicting messages of conservation. Therefore, critical to the flagship approach is understanding attitudes, species preferences, level of wildlife knowledge of people living near and living far away for which support is sought. To determine if the river otter (Lontra canadensis) could be a successful flagship for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), we conducted social science surveys with visitors to Grand Teton National Park who participated in guided-raft trips on the Snake River (n = 768), visitors of Oxbow Bend (n = 254), a popular turn-out for viewing aquatic wildlife, and visitors to Trout Lake in Yellowstone National Park (n = 298). Preliminary results showed that familiarity with the river otters is area dependent (e.g., Trout Lake visitors were more familiar with the species than those visiting Oxbow Bend or rafting the Snake River), river otters are not controversial, but education is needed to better inform the public about river ottersâ occurrence and ecosystem function in GYE.
A High-Resolution Geophysical Survey of Jenny Lake: Using Lake Sediments to Construct a Continuous Record of Tectonic Activity and Earthquake-Triggered Disturbances at Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Larsen Darren , Abbot Mark
Published: July 2020

The Teton Range, WY contains a legacy of late Cenozoic uplift and periodic Quaternary glaciations. Well-preserved fault scarps along the Teton fault displace glacier deposits from the most recent (Pinedale) glaciation and provide evidence for high fault activity during the past ~15,000 years. Observations of these scarps and previous field investigations indicate that postglacial fault offset occurred through a series of major, scarp-forming earthquakes. However, the postglacial paleoseismic record of the Teton fault remains incomplete. The goal of this project is to use lake sediments, contained in lake basins positioned on the fault, to construct a history of the timing and frequency of past earthquakes at Grand Teton National Park, and assess seismic impacts on diment erosion (e.g., landslides, debris flows, slope failures) and future hazard potential. Here, we report on multibeam sonar bathymetry and seismic reflection images from Jenny Lake, collected as part of an effort to identify glacial and tectonic landforms and to characterize infill stratigraphy. Our overarching objective is to combine these datasets with lake sediment cores from Jenny Lake and other nearby lakes to construct a continuous, accurately-dated record of past earthquakes and earthquake-generated slope failures in the Tetons.
Can Invasive Snails Reduce Parasitism in Native Snails? An Evaluation of the Dilution Effect Hypothesis
Authors: Larson Michele , Krist Amy
Published: July 2020

The dilution effect hypothesis states that any non-target host species can act as a decoy or resistant host to disease or parasite transmission stages, thereby reducing the negative effects of the diseases or parasites on the coevolved host (Prenter et al. 2004, Johnson and Thieltges 2010). Invasive species are often resistant to parasites in the new ecosystem because native parasites have not evolved to be able to successfully infect them (Prenter et al. 2004). In laboratory experiments, Kopp and Jokela (2007) found the presence of the invasive snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, acted as a resistant host for trematode infection resulting in reduced infection rates in the native snail. Similarly, the presence of the invasive American slipper limpet, Crepidula foricata, and invasive Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, reduced trematode infection load on native mussels, Mytilus edulis, in both single species and mixed species (both invasive species present) treatments (Thieltges et al. 2009). However, both of these experiments were conducted in mesocosms with simplified biotic interactions (Kopp and Jokela 2007, Thieltges et al. 2009).
Summary of an Ongoing Population Study of Parnassius Clodius Butterflies
Authors: McCombs Audrey , Debinski Diane
Published: July 2020

Climate change presents unique challenges to high-altitude, high-latitude flying insects such as butterflies, bees, and flies. Models predict that climate change will cause general range shifts toward the poles and high elevations (Parmesan and Yohe 2003, Root et al. 2003) and empirical studies confirm that these range shifts are occurring (Parmesan et al. 1999, Kerr et al. 2015). As the earth warms, animals already living at high elevations and/or high latitudes may have nowhere to go. Furthermore, the body temperature of insects is dependent on ambient temperatures, and therefore many aspects of their ecology and general biology (development, growth, survival, dispersal, mating) may be stressed by or incompatible with a changing climate. Finally, animal flight at altitude involves substantial aerodynamic and physiological challenges, and significant reductions in air density and oxygen constrain flight at higher elevations (Dillon and Dudley 2015). Moving up in elevation therefore may not be an option for some high-altitude fliers.
Influence of the River Otter (Lontra Canadensis) on the Formation of Pro-Conservation Intentions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Pearce Kelly , Serfass Tom
Published: July 2020

The potential to increase participation in support and fundraising, as well as affect pro-conservation intentions and behaviors makes the flagship approach valuable to conservation. Flagships are charismatic species that engender public interest and promote broader ecological and economic values of conservation. Advocates for wildlife tourism suggest that viewing flagships can increase touristsâ awareness and participation in conservation behaviors such as philanthropy, volunteering and activism. However, empirical support for behavioral outcomes associated with flagship exposure is lacking. Exposure to a flagship can vary, such as exposure to marketing materials (i.e., websites, guide books, environmental organizations) or direct viewing experience (i.e., wild, captive). The specific goal of this study was to: (a) determine if direct exposure to the river otter, or marketing material about the species and/or (b) a personâs level of environmental concern influences behavioral intentions to conserve the river otter and its habitat. On-site self-administered questionnaires (n =523) were conducted at 6 locations throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) from 5 June 2015 to 24 August 2015. The results of this study suggests that exposure to the river otter heightens concern and can lead to the formation of specific environmental intentions such as keeping local waterways unpolluted and planting trees along local waterways.
Determination of Teton Fault slip rates using surface exposure dating of fault-offset glacial landforms in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Licciardi Joseph M.
Published: July 2020

The central goal of this project is to establish direct constraints on time-integrated slip rates along the trace of the Teton fault in Grand Teton National Park. The key research strategy is to develop cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages of glacial deposits bisected by the fault – in particular lateral moraines along the eastern Teton Range front – and to combine these landform ages with precise geomorphic measurements of postglacial fault scarp offsets on these features as determined from field surveys and analyses of newly available LiDAR data. Time-integrated slip rates on the Teton fault will then be derived from the amount of tectonic displacement on the dated lateral moraines. Improved constraints on the rate of tectonic activity along the Teton fault resulting from this project are anticipated to lead to better-informed geologic hazard assessment in the park and adjacent regions. Furthermore, the moraine chronologies developed in this work will advance our understanding of the late Pleistocene glacial and paleoclimatic history in Grand Teton National Park and more broadly in the northern Rocky Mountains.

 

Featured photo taken from AMK Ranch photo collection.
Spatio-temporal ecological and evolutionary dynamics in natural butterfly populations
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Lucas Lauren
Published: July 2020

Spatial and temporal variation in the strength and nature of natural selection could help explain genetic diversity in natural populations and data on short term evolutionary responses to fluctuations in temperature and rainfall could facilitate predictions of climate change impacts. In 2012, we began a long term study of genome-wide molecular evolution in populations of Lycaeides idas in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). In 2016, we used distance sampling to estimate population densities of 10 butterfly populations spread across the GYE in Wyoming and Montana. In parallel, we estimated host plant cover and conducted insect community surveys at each site. We also completed a genotyping-by-sequencing survey for eight populations sampled in 2013 and 2015 to estimate contemporary variance in effective population sizes. Based on 480 samples across sites, we found significant variation in population sizes (as estimated by distance sampling) among sites and years. Host plant abundance, climate, and insect communities varied among sites but were not consistently predictive of population size. Estimates of effective population sizes among sites showed pronounced variation that was uncorrelated with genetic diversity, possibly due to widespread fluctuating selection.

 

Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.
Tracing the cultural history of upper Snake River guides in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Youngs Yolonda
Published: July 2020

This study traces the development and evolution of Snake River use and management through an in-depth exploration of historic commercial scenic river guiding and concessions on the upper Snake River in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) from 1950 to the present day. The research is based on a combination of methods including archival research, oral history analysis, historical landscape analysis, and fieldwork. I suggest that a distinct cultural community of river runners and outdoor recreationalists developed in Grand Teton National Park after World War II. In GRTE, a combination of physical, cultural, and technical forces shaped this community’s evolution including the specific geomorphology and dynamic channel patterns of the upper Snake River, the individuals and groups that worked on this river, and changes in boat and gear technology over time. The following paper presents the early results from the first year of this project in 2016 including the work of a graduate student and myself. This study offers connections between the upper Snake River and Grand Teton National Park to broader national trends in the evolution of outdoor recreation and concessions in national parks, the impact of World War II on technological developments for boating, and the cultural history of adventure outdoor recreation and tourism in the United States.

 

Featured photo by Elton Menefee on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/AHgCFeg-gXg
DESAFIOS DA PARTICIPAÇÃO DAS MULHERES NO SINDICALISMO RURAL NO TERRITÓRIO CHAPADA DIAMANTINA
Authors: Santos Cristiane Nascimento , Silva Onildo Araújo da
Published: July 2020

A participação das mulheres no sindicalismo rural é o foco desse texto que sintetiza a pesquisa- intervenção realizada no Programa de Pós-graduação em Planejamento Territorial. Com protagonismo para a relação entre gênero, trabalho e sindicalismo, investigamos a luta e as conquistas das mulheres junto ao movimento sindical e destacamos aspectos como a sucessão geracional e divisão sexual do trabalho. O objetivo principal foi o de identificar o perfil das mulheres presentes nas diretorias que compõem os sindicatos dos Trabalhadores Rurais no âmbito do Território Chapada Diamantina, no Estado da Bahia. Assim, foi possível observar que atuam nos sindicatos, predominantemente, mulheres jovens que dividem as atividades domésticas com outro membro nas suas residências. Essas sindicalistas estão avançando nas lutas e conquistas por maior igualdade entre homens e mulheres e têm consciência da importância disso. Esse fato implica na promoção da melhoria das condições econômica e social, através da geração de aprendizagens que resgatam e valorizam o trabalho feminino.
Simple and fast diagnosis of osteoporosis based on UV–visible hair fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Cherni Imen , Ghalila Hassen , Hamzaoui Sami , Rachdi Imen , Daoued Fatma
Published: July 2020

The aim of this work is to propose a new analytical technique based on UV–visible fluorescence as an alternative to x-ray absorptiometry for diagnosing osteoporosis, as well as its early stage by identifying osteopenia. The equipment used consists of very cheap equipment compared to x-ray scanners with an LED as the excitation source. In this work, we analyzed 90 hair samples taken from volunteers of different ages at Habib Thameur Hospital in Tunis. These samples were previously analyzed by bone mineral density (BMD) and correspond to people suffering from osteoporosis and osteopenia, as well as healthy people. The main idea of this study is to show the correlation between the deficiency of bone density given by BMD and the variations of the relative concentrations of molecules present in the hair causing the changes observed in the fluorescence spectra. The results extracted from the spectra show a clear discrimination between healthy and sick patients and a very good correlation, in a Spearman sense, between the spectral measurements and the BMD’s data for the patients with osteoporosis. In addition, we have isolated the main spectral region responsible for this correlation, which facilitates the identification of the molecule concentrations related to the decrease in BMD.
Large-area liquid crystal beam deflector with wide steering angle
Authors: Kim Young , Won Kanghee , An Jungkwuen , Hong Jong-Young , Kim Yunhee , Choi Chil-Sung , Song Hoon , Song Byonggwon , Suk Kim Hong , Bae Ki-Deok , Burm Jinwook , Lee Hong-Seok
Published: July 2020

A slim beam deflector that satisfies both a large steering angle and a large area can be very useful in various applications. However, a smaller electrode pitch for a large steering angle and enlargement of its area are trade-off relations due to the limited number of control channels in an electrically tunable beam deflector system. For a large steering angle in the active area where actual diffraction occurs, an indium tin oxide electrode of 2 µm pitch was implemented through a stepper lithography. The via-hole process was developed to expand the reduced active area due to the small electrode pitch. We developed a beam deflector with 7200 controllable channels in an active area of

14.4

m
m

×
14.4

m
m

. The maximum steering angle is 7.643° at a wavelength of 532 nm.
Controllable propagation and transformation of chiral intensity field at focus
Authors: Ma Haixiang , Zhang Yuquan , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: July 2020

As an intrinsic feature of the optical field, chirality could induce many novel phenomena due to the interaction between chiral light and matter. Thus, the generation of optical fields possessing 2D or 3D chiral intensity patterns, called chiral intensity fields, has been widely studied. However, the control of chiral intensity field along the optical axis is still a challenge. Here, we propose a method to manipulate the axial propagation property of a focused chiral intensity field. Two modulation effects are realized: extended chiral intensity field with a focal depth

>

2

λ

at 90% mode correlation and tunable transformation of chirality during the axial propagation. This method is simple, stable, and easy to perform and therefore offers broad applications especially in optical tweezers and metamaterial fabrication.
Spatial uniformity of the spectral radiance by white LED-based flat-fields
Authors: Talone Marco , Zibordi Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

The spatial uniformity of the spectral radiance by four commercial flat-field sources relying on white Light-Emitting Diode (LED) technology were investigated in the 400–800 nm spectral range using a hyperspectral radiometer. Results showed that for most of the flat-fields the spatial non-uniformity defined by the standard deviation of radiance differences across the source area in a given spectral interval, is typically lower than 1% within 5 cm from the center of the source and not exceeding 5% within 10 cm. The corresponding impact on radiance spectral distribution indicated non-uniformity values generally lower than 1.5% within 5 cm from the center of the sources, but increasing to several percent beyond the 5 cm distance. Finally, the spectral noise of radiance measurements defined by the variation coefficient across repeated acquisitions of the same target area on the sources exhibited mean values between 0.02% and 0.1% for most of the flat-fields in the 420–700 nm interval, but reached several percents outside such a spectral region as a result of the low flux from white LEDs. The above non-uniformity features of white LED-based flat-fields were shown to generally outperform those of a custom flat-field built of a lamp illuminating various diffusers. These findings indicate that flat-fields based on white LED technology may be suitable radiance sources for applications whose measurement requirements are satisfied by the spectral distribution of the radiant flux by white LEDs.
The Bureau for the Organisation of Origins
Authors: Sheppard Benjamin , Burke Peter
Published: July 2020

The Bureau for the Organisation of Origins (BOO) is an ongoing, multidisciplinary and collaborative artistic project. It assumes the framework of a bureaucratic entity to provide a relational context for a range of creative gestures. The breadth of contributions facilitated by The BOO span crucial sociopolitical works of protest to banal expressions of an opaque bureaucracy. These are arranged in dialogue surrounding issues of group identity, race politics and socio-institutional policy in Australia with a global outlook. The BOO is a flexible and accommodating entity that incorporates individuated practices that traverse nations, institutions, disciplines, identities and genders. It serves to remind us that nation states are evolving, malleable governance projects that require constant consideration and critique. This critical scrutiny has ramifications for associated identities and is all part of our public service.
#MirandaMustGo: Contesting a settler colonial obsession with lost-in-the-bush myths through public and socially engaged art
Authors: Spiers Amy
Published: July 2020

In January 2017, settler Australian artist, Amy Spiers, launched a creative campaign to contest habitual associations at the site of Hanging Rock in Central Victoria with a white vanishing myth. Entitled #MirandaMustGo, the campaign’s objective was to provoke thought and unease about why the missing white schoolgirls of Joan Lindsay’s fictional novel, Picnic at Hanging Rock, prompted more attention and feeling in the general public than the actual losses of lives, land and culture experienced by Indigenous people in the region as a consequence of rapid and violent colonial occupation. The campaign incited significant media attention, substantial public debate and some reconsideration of the stories told at Hanging Rock. In this article, Spiers will describe how she conceptualized the artwork/campaign as a propositional counter-memorial action that attempted to conceive ways in which non-Indigenous Australians can acknowledge, and take responsibility for, the denial of colonization’s impact on Indigenous people. She will do so by discussing the critical methodology that underpinned this socially engaged artwork and continue by analysing the public reception and dissensus the campaign provoked. She will conclude in presenting some thoughts about what #MirandaMustGo produced: a rupture of the public secret of Australia’s violent colonial past, a marked shift to the discourse concerning Hanging Rock and an ongoing, unresolved agitation stimulated by Picnic at Hanging Rock’s persistent reproducibility.
Arts & Ethnography in a Contemporary World: From Learning to Social Participation, Ligia Ferro and David Poveda (eds) (2019)
Authors: Sabeti Shari
Published: July 2020

Review of: Arts & Ethnography in a Contemporary World: From Learning to Social Participation, Ligia Ferro and David Poveda (eds) (2019)

London: Tufnell Press, 176 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-87276-779-6, p/bk, £14.95
Torchlight, Winckelmann and Early Australian Collections
Authors: Webber Monique
Published: July 2020

Mid-nineteenth-century Melbourne wanted to be more than a British outpost in southern Australia. Before its second decade, in 1854, the city founded an impressive museum-library-gallery complex. As European museums developed cast collections, Redmond Barry – Melbourne’s chief patron – filled Melbourne’s halls with a considerable selection. With time, these casts were discarded. The now lost collection seldom receives more than a passing remark in scholarship. However, these early displays in (what would become) the National Gallery of Victoria reimagined European Winckelmann-inspired curatorial models. The resulting experience made viewing into a performative action of nascent civic identity. Considered within current practice, Melbourne’s casts expose the implications of curatorial ideology.
Study on Global Burned Forest Areas Based on Landsat Data
Authors: Zhang Zhaoming , Long Tengfei , He Guojin , Wei Mingyue , Tang Chao , Wang Wei , Wang Guizhou , She Wenqing , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: July 2020

Forests are an extremely valuable natural resource for human development. Satellite remote sensing technology has been widely used in global and regional forest monitoring and management. Accurate data on forest degradation and disturbances due to forest fire is important to understand
forest ecosystem health and forest cover conditions. For a long time, satellite-based global burned area products were only available at coarse native spatial resolution, which was difficult for detecting small and highly fragmented fires. In order to analyze global burned forest areas at
finer spatial resolution, in this study a novel, multi-year 30 meter resolution global burned forest area product was generated and released based on Landsat time series data. Statistics indicate that in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 the total area of burned forest land in the world was
94.14 million hm2, 96.65 million hm2, 59.52 million hm2, 76.42 million hm2, and 83.70 million hm2, respectively, with an average value of 82.09 million hm2. Spatial distribution patterns of global burned forest areas were investigated
across different continents and climatic domains. It was found that burned forest areas were mainly distributed in Africa and Oceania, which accounted for approximately 73.85% and 6.81% of the globe, respectively. By climatic domain, the largest burned forest areas occurred in the tropics,
with proportions between 88.44% and 95.05% of the world's total during the study period. Multi-year dynamic analysis shows the global burned forest areas varied considerably due to global climate anomalies, e.g., the La Niña phenomenon.
Correlação entre uso da terra e feições geomorfológicas: uma proposta de análise a partir da cartografia retrospectiva
Authors: Scudeller Zanatta Felipe Augusto , Lupinacci Cenira Maria , Boin Marcos Norberto
Published: July 2020

Distintos estudos da ciência geomorfológica se dedicam a compreender o efeito da ação humana na dinâmica natural dos ambientes. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo objetiva identificar o efeito da agricultura e das técnicas conservacionistas sobre a dinâmica dos processos de vertentes e de fundos de vale em uma área rural degradada. Para tanto, como objeto de estudo foram selecionadas subbacias do ribeirãoAreia Dourada, localizadas no município de Marabá Paulista (SP), nas quais se utilizaram de princípios da cartografia retrospectiva, com o mapeamento do uso e cobertura superficial da terra e das feições geomorfológicas nos anos de 1963, 1979, 1997, 2011 e 2016. Para análise, junto aos mapeamentos e registros de campo, buscou-se com o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson (p) avaliar conjuntamente, com dados quantificados, as alterações das formas de relevo a partir do uso da terra nos cinco anos mapeados. Como resultado, constatou-se: desenvolvimento conjunto dos processos erosivos em distintos compartimentos topográficos; sistema de retroalimentação entre os processos de vertentes e fundos de vale; a baixa eficiência dos terraços agrícolas, tanto nas áreas de cultivo, mas, sobretudo nas áreas de pasto, de modo a contribuírem com a dinâmica erosiva ao alimentar processos erosivos de subsuperfície, ao mesmo tempo que não contém os de superfície.
Relationship of water landscapes with the social fabric as a case study: The Peloponnese peninsula
Authors: Krasopoulou Maria , Mitoula Roido , Theodoropoulou Helen , Georgitsogianni Evagelia
Published: July 2020

The object of the research is to highlight the water areas, creating a cultural network in the Peloponnese peninsula. What are the tools to approach a landscape that can help interpret, read, and manage a site?

The research methodology was based on geographical features and the selection of sections on the map, linking them to create a cultural network model. Due to the large and rich diversity of water bodies, it was deemed necessary to select five different water landscapes in four different prefectures of the peninsula, looking for different-characteristic forms of water. The Anavalos wetland in Argolida, the river Ladonas in Arcadia, the springs of Lerni in Argolida, the lake Stymfalia and Doxa in Corinth and the Stygos Waters in Achaia were selected as case studies.

Through this process, a complete picture emerged in all networking sites. The interviews and personal contacts with the competent social bodies resulted in a comprehensive and more substantial understanding of the issue. Also important was the creation of a questionnaire-experiment, which took place in the Peloponnese, giving very important results-conclusions about the knowledge-views, residents-citizens, the peninsula and the relationship-contact they have with wetlands and their knowledge in relation to mythology.

Water has the potential to gain social and political weight, to bring the citizen face to face with the responsibility he has, to manage the environment with respect and consistency, to discover it, if he utilizes it and finally to highlight it as a model of sustainable development.
Effects of Market Orientation, strategies and actions on SMEs’ Performance during fragile economic conditions
Authors: Samanta Irene , Niros Meletios I. , Pollalis Yannis A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose –The purpose of this research is to unveil effective SME marketing actions and strategies in terms of performance during post-crisis era of fragile economic conditions. This paper further examines the effects of IT Marketing Infrastructure (ITMI) on both performance and Customer Equity Drivers (CEDs). Last, but not least, indirect effects of Market Orientation (MO) on Performance are also researched.

Design/methodology/approach – A personal interview survey was conducted in Greece using a structured instrument deriving from adjusted items of past research. A systematic random sample of 242 SMEs was collected from major Greek cities and a wide range of industries. 

Findings – Findings unveiled that the same actions applied by large companies, also work for SMEs/VSEs. In addition, ITMI enable smaller firms to apply marketing strategies required to achieve higher Marketing Performance. However, MO is the key for excessive performance. Nevertheless, the indirect effect of MO on the relationship between marketing strategy and OP is negative, illustrating a need of strategic focus for SME. 

Research limitations/implications – Despite survey presents certain trends and inference, it lacks qualitative data such as sentiments that are of equal importance in SME research.

Practical implications – This research facilitates SMEs to decide on effective actions against fragile economic conditions to achieve higher performance. In addition, it demonstrates the need to bolster chain value through ITMI. In specific, ITMIs forge core capabilities to apply CEDs that result in greater MO and Performance. Moreover, MO is proven to be a key factor to sustain higher levels of Performance when applying either a RE or a VE strategy.   

Originality/value – In spite of the existence of research of effective actions and strategies during recessions, there is lack of SMEs research regarding fragile economic conditions after recessions or crises. ITMI and MO will facilitate SMEs to apply CEDs and sustain higher Organizational Performance.