bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Adjustment after the Cianjur Earthquake: Exploring the Efficacy of Psychosocial Support and Collaborative Leadership
Authors: Arinta Dewi Yuli , Seftyono Cahyo , Soeparno Koentjoro , Pattiasina Leo
Published: November 2023

This study examines the psychological adjustment of disaster workers in relation to differences in stress management training, along with factors associated with psychosocial support and collaborative leadership during earthquake emergency response operations in Cianjur, West Java, on November 21, 2022. Using a mixed-methods approach, we recruited Indonesian Red Cross staff and volunteers who were assigned to the disaster response team after the earthquake. Data collection involved 59 disaster workers selected through accidental sampling. We measured the levels of perceived stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as professional quality of life, while also observing psychosocial support and collaborative leadership. Notably, the majority of respondents (79.7%) had never received stress management training for disaster workers before their assignment to the Cianjur earthquake. Untrained disaster workers exhibited higher levels of stress and burnout and lower levels of compassion satisfaction. Significant differences in perceived stress, depression, and burnout were observed between trained and untrained disaster workers regarding stress management. However, no differences were found in other variables (anxiety, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction). This research revealed that volunteers who received a briefing generally reported feeling happier, with scores of 2.07 points for overall happiness, 1.82 points for satisfaction in their role as disaster helpers, and 1.86 points for their happiness in being able to assist people in disaster areas. On the other hand, volunteers who maintained intense communication with friends and family were relatively better at controlling stress and maintaining happiness, with a score of 2.27 points for those who stayed in touch with family and 2.06 points for those who interacted intensely with fellow volunteers. These findings emphasize the importance of friends and peer support, as well as family support, for disaster workers in handling double disasters. Overall, the results suggest that the mental health of disaster workers deployed in natural disasters during the Covid-19 pandemic requires further consideration, with stress management training being considered as a preventive program. This research also reveals the importance of the collaborative leadership paradigm in supporting disaster activism. Furthermore, there is a need for further research that delves into the cultural aspects of understanding the mental health of disaster workers.
Resilience as a “Working Mom” Dealing with Changing Situations in Era Pandemic Covid 19
Authors: Candra Merida Sarita , Febrieta Ditta , Fitriani Yulia
Published: November 2023

As a “Working Mom” situations change and responsibilities accepted as a worker and mother. For “working mom”, changes in the situation also affect the psychological conditions such as stress, anxiety, trauma, mood disorders and even depression. Therefore, a mother needs has a resilience, for dealing with changing situations. Aim of this study to describe the resilience of a mother face various changing situations in era pandemic covid 19. Method used by semi systematic literature studies with SALSA (Searching, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis) technique. Searching literature about 10 years ago through google schoolar, dimensions , EBSCO, elicit.org, and research gate with the keyword "resilience in working mothers". Appraisal for screening literature to map out and categorize article. Synthesis and analysis to find and identify gap in research literature. Based on literature review that mothers need resilience to be able deal with various situations specifically before, during and after a pandemic. Resilience is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include coping strategies, emotional intelligence, religiosity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. External factors are social support from friends, work environment, partners and other family members. Furthermore, the research showed that each factors has a different impact for each conditions. Before pandemic a mother needs coping strategies, emotional intelligence and social support are enough to help has a resilience skill. For situations during until after pandemic social support has a significant impact for a mother has a resilience skill to face specific conditions. Emotional and instrumental support has a significant impact. Especially from a spouse, family member, and other people surrounding mother. Future, this research can be used a basic to arrange intervention plan to increase resilience for working mom. Beside that, we can explore this research with various methods and technique.
Experimental evaluation of the impact of pigment-based colored interlayers on the temperature of BIPV modules
Authors: Babin Markus , Jóhannsson Ingvar Haukur , Jakobsen Michael Linde , Thorsteinsson Sune
Published: November 2023

While colored photovoltaics are gaining popularity in the market for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), several specific properties are not accounted for in standard PV performance models. This work shows how relying on the coloration efficiency alone can lead to significant errors regarding module temperatures. By comparing measured temperature data from a test installation featuring BIPV façade elements in multiple colors, little correlation is found between total optical losses (reflection and absorption losses) and module temperature. Instead, better correlation is found with total reflectance. This is attributed to the light absorbed in the pigment-based colored layers contributing to module heating, whereas reflected light does not. This is especially relevant for colors with high lightness, such as gray or beige, for which reflection losses are dominating absorption losses. When modelling colored BIPV products, it is therefore recommended to only consider reflection losses for the irradiance contributing to module heating, while continuing to also include absorption losses for the effective irradiance used in electrical performance modelling.
Prediction of Burr Formation in End Micro Milling Poly methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) and Polycarbonate (PC) Substrates Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Reddy B Sainatha , Kaur Navneet
Published: November 2023

Polymer microfluidic device is growing in the fields of disease detection, drug synthesis, and environmental monitoring because of the benefits of the miniaturized platforms that provides rapid high-throughput analysis at small sample volumes. A machining technique called micro milling is employed in the manufacture of micro components (micro fluidic devices) such as poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC). Micro milling has the advantage of being a quicker, more affordable, and more effective method for fabricating more complex structures. PMMA has been used as the substrate in this study for micro milling followed by factor analysis. This aim of this study is to understand the influence of each micro milling parameter to the surface quality. This paper includes 450 microscopic images of the micro-milling substrate by different parameters like spindle speed, depth of cut and Surface quality. The microscopic images are divided to test, train and Val dataset, using three datasets and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is designed.
Ethical Considerations in Follicular Unit Excision Surgical Procedures
Authors: Rose Paul T.
Published: November 2023

Follicular unit excision (FUE) is an increasingly popular hair restoration technique. In many instances, it surpasses linear strip excision (LSE) surgery in terms of number of procedures and clinics dedicated to performing FUE. The rise in popularity relates primarily to a somewhat misguided perception that FUE produces less evidence of a surgical procedure having been performed. This is based on the fact that a linear scar is avoided. The procedure is easier to learn and “less invasive” as compared to LSE harvesting and requires less staff and capital expense. The FUE procedure is aggressively marketed often as “scarless surgery.” This false statement, along with the ease of starting an FUE practice, has resulted in various ethical issues related to evaluation, methodology, and business practices. In this chapter, we discuss the ethical issues surrounding FUE hair restoration surgery and the examination of the mathematics of donor management as it relates to the ethical management of the FUE patient.
Management of Ptosis in Kearns–Sayre Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Moustaine Moulay O. , Azemour Zakaria , Mohammed Frarchi , Benlanda Othman , Nassik Hicham , Karkouri Mehdi
Published: November 2023

Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare mitochondrial disease that affects young adults, due to a deletion of mitochondrial DNA and characterized by the triad: age of onset lower than 20 years, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and an atypical pigmentary retinopathy. It is also characterized by other endocrine, neurological, and especially cardiac impairment with a very high risk of cardiac complications during surgical procedures under all types of anesthesia.

We report a case of KSS revealed by severe bilateral ptosis and confirmed by a muscle biopsy with “ragged red fibers.” The ptosis was surgically managed by cautious Frontal suspension under local anesthesia “Frontal nerve block.” Through this case, we discuss challenges in the management of KSS patients.
Lung Protective Ventilation during Pregnancy: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kislovskiy Yasaswi , Hauspurg Alisse , Donadee Chenell , Sakamoto Sara , Murugan Raghavan
Published: November 2023

Objectives We sought to describe characteristics of mechanically ventilated pregnant patients, evaluate utilization of low-tidal-volume ventilation (LTVV) and high-tidal-volume ventilation (HTVV) by trimester, and describe maternal and fetal outcomes by ventilation strategy.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with mechanical ventilation for greater than 24 hours between July 2012 and August 2020 at a tertiary care academic medical center. We defined LTVV as average daily tidal volume 8 mL/kg of less of predicted body weight, and HTVV as greater than 8 mL/kg. We examined demographic characteristics, maternal and fetal characteristics, and outcomes by ventilation strategy.

Results We identified 52 ventilated pregnant women, 43 had LTVV, and 9 had HTVV. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 73% (N = 38) of patients, and infection was a common indication for ventilation (N = 33, 63%). Patients had LTVV more often than HTVV in all trimesters. Obstetric complications occurred frequently, 21% (N = 11) experienced preeclampsia or eclampsia, and among 43 patients with available delivery data, 60% delivered preterm (N = 26) and 16% had fetal demise (N = 7).

Conclusion LTVV was utilized more often than HTVV among pregnant women in all trimesters. There was a high prevalence of maternal and fetal morbidity and fetal mortality among our cohort.

Key Points
Missed connections: A resource-management theory to combat loneliness experienced by globally mobile employees
Authors: Fan Shea X. , Zhu Fei , Shaffer Margaret A.
Published: November 2023

All globally mobile employees (GMEs) share a common propensity to experience loneliness when they relocate to a new country where they have yet to establish social connections. To better understand how GMEs combat this feeling, we offer a conceptual process model grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory to describe how they achieve social integration. The process begins with an assessment of GMEs’ desired versus perceived social relations, with most perceiving a relational deficiency or loneliness. This then triggers an audit of available social resources, which we differentiate in terms of source (personal vs. contextual) and stability (enduring vs. transient) to develop a typology of resources. Depending on the availability of resources, GMEs will follow one of three resource-management pathways to become socially integrated. Those who choose an expansion pathway will achieve what we refer to as deep-level (authentic) social integration and those who follow a protection pathway will attain surface-level (functional) social integration. The underutilization pathway is an interim route that may lead to either a resource-expansion or resource-protection pathway depending on changes in the availability of resources. Our iterative and recursive cyclical process model has implications for international management research, workplace loneliness studies, and COR theory.
Electron-field instability: Excitation of electron plasma waves by an electric field
Authors: Beving L. P. , Hopkins M. M. , Baalrud S. D.
Published: November 2023

Electric fields are commonplace in plasmas and affect transport by driving currents and, in some cases, instabilities. The necessary condition for instability in collisionless plasmas is commonly understood to be described by the Penrose criterion, which quantifies a sufficient relative drift between different populations of particles that must be present for wave amplification via inverse Landau damping. For example, electric fields generate drifts between electrons and ions that can excite the ion-acoustic instability. Here, we use particle-in-cell simulations and linear stability analysis to show that the electric field can drive a fundamentally different type of kinetic instability, named the electron-field instability. This instability excites electron plasma waves with wavelengths ≳30λDe, has a growth rate that is proportional to the electric field strength, and does not require a relative drift between electrons and ions. The Penrose criterion does not apply when accounting for the electric field. The large value of the observed frequency, near the electron plasma frequency, further distinguishes it from the standard ion-acoustic instability, which oscillates near the ion plasma frequency. The ubiquity of macroscopic electric fields in quasineutral plasmas suggests that this instability is possible in a host of systems, including low-temperature and space plasmas. In fact, damping from neutral collisions in such systems is often not enough to completely damp the instability, adding to the robustness of the instability across plasma conditions.
Characteristics of multi-cycle two-phase pulse detonation waves traveling near the lean combustion limit
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhang Qibin , Feng Zaijie , Yang Yujia , Zhao Minghao , Fan Wei
Published: November 2023

The need for high combustion efficiency in two-phase pulse detonation engines necessitates the implementation of a lean combustion concept. However, there have been no research initiatives attempting to conduct two-phase pulse detonation in a lean combustion environment due to the highly sensitive nature of the deflagration-to-detonation transition toward the reactivity of the reactant composition. The present study explores methods to realize lean combustion organization in two-phase pulse detonation through the incorporation of secondary air injection. Valveless pulse detonation operation based on gasoline was carried out, while the frequency varies from 20 to 100 Hz. The initiation and propagation characteristics of the pulse detonation wave are influenced first by the equivalence ratio of the detonation initiation section and then by the equivalence ratio of the detonation propagation section. Furthermore, secondary air injection enabled a reduction in the minimum global equivalence ratio for the stable operation of multi-cycle two-phase pulse detonation waves to 0.38, while maintaining an 80% detonation rate.
Embrace the darkness: An experimental perspective on organic exciton–polaritons
Authors: Khazanov Thomas , Gunasekaran Suman , George Aleesha , Lomlu Rana , Mukherjee Soham , Musser Andrew J.
Published: November 2023

Organic polaritonics has emerged as a captivating interdisciplinary field that marries the complexities of organic photophysics with the fundamental principles of quantum optics. By harnessing strong light–matter coupling in organic materials, exciton–polaritons offer unique opportunities for advanced device performance, including enhanced energy transport and low-threshold lasing, as well as new functionalities like polariton chemistry. In this review, we delve into the foundational principles of exciton–polaritons from an experimental perspective, highlighting the key states, processes, and timescales that govern polariton phenomena. Our review centers on the spectroscopy of exciton–polaritons. We overview the primary spectroscopic approaches that reveal polariton phenomena, and we discuss the challenges in disentangling polaritonic signatures from spectral artifacts. We discuss how organic materials, due to their complex photophysics and disordered nature, not only present challenges to the conventional polariton models but also provide opportunities for new physics, like manipulating dark electronic states. As the research field continues to grow, with increasingly complex materials and devices, this review serves as a valuable introductory guide for researchers navigating the intricate landscape of organic polaritonics.
Surface-state mediated spin-to-charge conversion in Sb films via bilateral spin current injection
Authors: Gomes da Silva E. , Abrão J. E. , Santos E. S. , Bedanta S. , Ding H. F. , Mendes J. B. S. , Azevedo A.
Published: November 2023

The spin-to-charge conversion phenomenon is investigated in a trilayer structure consisting of Co(12 nm)/Sb(t)/Py(12 nm), where the thickness t of the antimony layer is varied. Using the spin-pumping technique, a pure spin current is injected from both FM layers into the middle layer, the DC voltage is then measured. We observe a spin-to-charge mechanism in the Sb layer that exhibits striking similarities to the inverse Rashba–Edelstein effect (IREE), driven by surface states.
Influence of growth temperature on the properties of aluminum nitride thin films prepared by magnetron sputter epitaxy
Authors: Sundarapandian Balasubramanian , Yassine Ali , Kirste Lutz , Baeumler Martina , Straňák Patrik , Fisslthaler Evelin , Prescher Mario , Yassine Mohamed , Nair Akash , Raghuwanshi Mohit , Ambacher Oliver
Published: November 2023

High quality, uni-polar, epitaxial AlN with minimum oxygen content promises excellent surface acoustic wave and bulk acoustic wave resonator characteristics such as high electromechanical coupling coefficient and power handling capabilities, which is particularly useful for RF filter applications. By systematically varying the growth temperature, the study investigates its impact on the oxygen levels, defect states, and crystallographic texture of the AlN thin films using a combination of atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy, as well as room temperature and temperature dependent I–V measurements. The research demonstrates that the films grown at a temperature of 700°C exhibit the most favorable results. These films exhibit the lowest oxygen levels, possess epitaxial growth, and display the highest crystalline quality (XRD AlN 0002 ω−FWHM=1.3°). Additionally, these films demonstrate a significant reduction in sub-bandgap absorption. By comparing the cathode current measured during deposition, we suggest that the presence of an impurity layer formed during idle time between depositions as a possible source of oxygen in the sputter chamber. In addition, the study presents a possible model to explain the mixed polarity observed in AlN and proposes various ways to achieve uni-polar AlN on silicon substrates.
Influence of moisture on the ferroelectric properties of sputtered hafnium oxide thin films
Authors: Berg Fenja , Kopperberg Nils , Lübben Jan , Valov Ilia , Wu Xiaochao , Simon Ulrich , Böttger Ulrich
Published: November 2023

While the influence of various fabrication parameters during deposition on the ferroelectricity of hafnium oxide has been extensively studied, the effect of different atmospheres on the actual switching process has not yet been investigated. In this work, we characterized the ferroelectric properties of undoped hafnium oxide prepared by reactive sputtering under three different atmospheres: dry oxygen/nitrogen, wet nitrogen, and vacuum conditions. We found a significant correlation between dry and wet atmospheres and resulting polarization. Specifically, we observed a direct effect on ferroelectric switching when the film was exposed to dry atmospheres and vacuum, resulting in a higher electric field necessary to initialize the wake-up effect due to an initial imprint effect. Increasing the amount of wet nitrogen during switching decreased the imprint and lowered the necessary voltage required for the wake up. We present a simple model that explains and discusses the incorporation of moisture and its resulting consequences on the ferroelectric properties of hafnium oxide. Additionally, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations showed that the addition of protons to the oxide thin film leads to a lowering of the potential and to a redistribution of protons and oxygen vacancies, which reduces the initial imprint.
Asymmetric conversion of arbitrary vortex fields via acoustic metasurface
Authors: Hao Zhanlei , Chen Haojie , Yin Yuhang , Qiu Chengwei , Zhu Shan , Chen Huanyang
Published: November 2023

Asymmetric manipulation of acoustic waves has gained significant attention due to its rich physical properties and potential application prospects. In this study, we design and demonstrate a planar acoustic metasurface (AM) that enables asymmetric conversion for vortex fields with arbitrary orbital angular momentum (OAM) to different plane waves by placing the same vortex source at different focusing points of above and below. This asymmetric effect is caused by the spatial asymmetry of vortex wave, and AM achieves the conversion of two types of waves through directional compensation of phases. Numerical demonstrations and acoustic experiments further validate this asymmetric phenomenon, and the deflection angle of converted plane waves is qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed by a more general formula. Our work enriches the research meta-system of acoustic wave physics and holds potential applications in underwater acoustic communication and OAM-based devices.
Electromechanical analysis of electrospun polymer fiber deposition
Authors: Chan Ka Chun , Sadaf Ahsana , Gerrit Korvink Jan , Wenzel Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Electrospinning is an important technique to fabricate nanofibers. In recent years, near-field electrospinning (NFES) has been developed to enhance the control of nanofiber deposition compared to conventional electrospinning, achieved by reducing the operating distance and electric field. This enables the construction of high-aspect ratio 3D structures in a self-aligned, layer-by-layer manner. However, the alignment of fiber deposition can be hindered by charge accumulation in the polymer fibers. Furthermore, a theoretical understanding of the underlying fiber deposition mechanism is still lacking. Herein, we present a numerical model for studying the charge transport, dissipation, and accumulation of NFES polymer fiber deposition. The model reveals that the presence of a trapped state in polymeric materials imposes limitations on the quality of charged fiber deposition. Moreover, the effect of different substrate materials on charge dissipation in fiber deposition is studied. To validate the model, we compare the simulation results with NFES experiments, demonstrating qualitative agreement. We also analyze the effect of the fiber materials and experimental parameters on the printing quality. This model provides an approach to analyze and optimize the operating parameters of NFES to achieve precise and stable nanofiber deposition.
Spin-related thermoelectricity in a hybrid Aharonov–Bohm interferometer with the Rashba effect
Authors: Bai Long , Zhang Lei , Tang Furong , Zhang Rong
Published: November 2023

In order to explore the interplay among heat, charge, and spin, we investigate the spin-related thermoelectricity of a hybrid double quantum dot Aharonov–Bohm interferometer with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC). Interestingly, the nonzero RSOC phase difference can induce significant spin-dependent thermoelectric transport. Not only can the strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law be obtained, but also a pure spin-Seebeck effect can be produced, which may serve as a pure spin-current generator. The influence of system parameters on thermoelectric coefficients (especially for spin counterparts) are analyzed in detail, and the underlying physics is further elucidated. Furthermore, the spin figure of merit can be much larger than the charge one, which, thus, provides a realistic possibility of engineering spin thermoelectric devices with high performance. These results obtained may be of interest for developing spin thermoelectric devices in the field of spin caloritronics.
Resonant cavity enhanced InAs/GaAsSb SLS LEDs with a narrow spectral linewidth and a high-spectral intensity operating at 4.6 μm
Authors: Al-Saymari Furat A. , Craig Adam P. , Lu Qi , Hanks Laura A. , Marshall Andrew R. J. , Krier Anthony
Published: November 2023

We investigated the design, growth, fabrication, and characterization of InAs/GaAsSb SLS resonant cavity light emitting diodes (RCLEDs) grown on InAs by molecular beam epitaxy. The structure consists of a 1λ-thick micro-cavity positioned between two lattice-matched AlAsSb/GaAsSb distributed Bragg reflector mirrors (DBRs). A 44-pair InAs/GaAsSb SLS active region is placed at the antinode of the electric field intensity in the center of the cavity. Electroluminescence emission spectra were recorded at room-temperature. Due to the resonant cavity effect, 400 μm-diameter SLS RCLEDs exhibited emission spectra peaked at 4.587 μm with a narrow spectral linewidth of 52 nm. A high-spectral intensity of >3 mW cm−2 nm−1 was achieved for the 400 μm SLS RCLED using 1% duty cycle to avoid Joule heating. Furthermore, temperature dependence of the emission spectra of the RCLED showed excellent temperature stability, with a rate of 0.34 nm/K. Compared to existing mid-infrared 5-stage InAs/GaAsSb SLS ICLEDs operating at ∼4.5 μm, the (400 μm-diameter) InAs/GaAsSb SLS RCLEDs exhibited 10.5× brighter spectral intensity, 14× narrower spectral linewidth, and 8× improvement in the temperature stability. Owing to these attractive features, our SLS RCLEDs could be used to develop the next generation CO gas instruments and active imaging.
Tilted magnetic anisotropy-tailored spin torque nano-oscillators for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Wang Di , Liu Long , Jiang Sheng , Chai Guozhi , Cao Jiangwei , Xing Guozhong
Published: November 2023

Spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) hold significant promise for communication and bio-inspired computing applications. However, their modulation capability is constrained by a dilemma between frequency window and linewidth reduction, particularly in hypercritical conditions like the presence of an external magnetic field. This poses a notable challenge in the practical application of STNOs. Here, we report a unique type of all-electrical compact STNOs that employ the tilted magnetic anisotropy (TMA), which can efficiently promote the linewidth Δf reduction and precisely modulate oscillation frequency ranging from 495 to 556 MHz. The developed STNOs consist of a ferromagnetic reference layer with tunable TMA, wherein the spin transfer torque along the tilted spin polarization direction elaborates a self-oscillation of magnetic moments in the free layer without application of magnetic field. The free layer equips in a magnetic droplet oscillation mode, and the oscillation frequency can be modulated either synergistically or independently by varying the current intensity and/or the TMA angle. Nevertheless, the TMA angle primarily governs the deformation of the magnetic droplet and the corresponding oscillation frequency and linewidth. Moreover, a unique 4 × 4 STNO array with optimized input current and TMA configuration is proposed to execute the reservoir computing hardware training based on nonlinear dynamic oscillation phase-coupling characteristics, promising a diverse synchronization map with high kernel quality and low generation rank for highly reliable pattern classification implementation. The developed STNOs possess a simple structure, nonlinearity, high frequency tunability, and compatibility with CMOS processes, enabling them a fundamental component for large-scale integration of advanced hardware in neuromorphic computing.
p-type hexagonal boron nitride films with bis(cyclopentadienyl) magnesium as a doping gas in halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Liu Xiaohang , Fan Shengda , Chen Xi , Liu Jingrun , Zhao Jihong , Liu Xiuhuan , Hou Lixin , Gao Yanjun , Chen Zhanguo
Published: November 2023

We report an in situ carbon doping method for fabricating p-type hexagonal boron nitride thin films with a halide vapor phase epitaxy system by introducing bis(cyclopentadienyl) magnesium as a doping gas. The hBN films exhibited a growth rate of 3 μm/h, while the doped hBN films showed a considerable reduction in resistivity by 8 orders of magnitude. Hall measurements demonstrated that the doped hBN films were p-type conductive. At room temperature, the doped hBN films exhibited a free hole concentration of ∼1015 cm−3 and a resistivity of about 1000 Ω cm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the doping of carbon impurities into the hBN films and the formation of chemical bonds with B by mainly replacing nitrogen. Temperature-dependent I–V properties indicated that the ionization energy of the carbon impurities was about 320 meV.
Overcoming bias in the comparison of human language and animal communication
Authors: Cartmill Erica A.
Published: November 2023

Human language is a powerful communicative and cognitive tool. Scholars have long sought to characterize its uniqueness, but each time a property is proposed to set human language apart (e.g., reference, syntax), some (attenuated) version of that property is found in animals. Recently, the uniqueness argument has shifted from linguistic rules to cognitive capacities underlying them. Scholars argue that human language is unique because it relies on ostension and inference, while animal communication depends on simple associations and largely hardwired signals. Such characterizations are often borne out in published data, but these empirical findings are driven by radical differences in the ways animal and human communication are studied. The field of animal communication has been dramatically shaped by the “code model,” which imagines communication as involving information packets that are encoded, transmitted, decoded, and interpreted. This framework standardized methods for studying meaning in animal signals, but it does not allow for the nuance, ambiguity, or contextual variation seen in humans. The code model is insidious. It is rarely referenced directly, but it significantly shapes how we study animals. To compare animal communication and human language, we must acknowledge biases resulting from the different theoretical models used. By incorporating new approaches that break away from searching for codes, we may find that animal communication and human language are characterized by differences of degree rather than kind.
Sustainability transitions in consumption-production systems
Authors: Geels Frank W. , Kern Florian , Clark William C.
Published: November 2023

The need for faster and deeper transitions toward more sustainable development pathways is now widely recognized. How to meet that need has been at the center of a growing body of academic research and real-world policy implementation. This paper presents our perspective on some of the most powerful insights that have emerged from this ongoing work. In particular, we highlight insights on how sustainability transitions can be usefully conceptualized, how they come about and evolve, and how they can be shaped and guided through deliberate policy interventions. Throughout the paper, we also highlight some of the many how questions that remain unresolved and on which progress would be especially helpful for the pursuit of sustainable development. Our approach to these “how” questions on sustainability transitions draws on two strands of solution-driven research and policy advice: one emerging from studies of how human societies interact with nature and the other emerging from studies of how those societies interact with their technologies. Consumption-production systems have been a focus of extensive work in both strands. To help build bridges between them, we recently brought together a cross-section of relevant scholars for a PNAS Special Feature on “Sustainability transitions in consumption-production systems.” Their contributions are summarized in a companion paper we have written to introduce the Special Feature [F. W. Geels, F. Kern, W. C. Clark,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2023)]. We draw on that work in the Perspective we present here as well as our reading of the relevant literatures.
A singular shark bitter taste receptor provides insights into the evolution of bitter taste perception
Authors: Behrens Maik , Lang Tatjana , Korsching Sigrun I.
Published: November 2023

Many animal and plant species synthesize toxic compounds as deterrent; thus, detection of these compounds is of vital importance to avoid their ingestion. Often, such compounds are recognized by taste 2 receptors that mediate bitter taste in humans. Until now, bitter taste receptors have only been found in bony vertebrates, where they occur as a large family already in coelacanth, a “living fossil” and the earliest-diverging extant lobe-finned fish. Here, we have revisited the evolutionary origin of taste 2 receptors (T2Rs) making use of a multitude of recently available cartilaginous fish genomes. We have identified a singular T2R in 12 cartilaginous fish species (9 sharks, 1 sawfish, and 2 skates), which represents a sister clade to all bony fish T2Rs. We have examined its ligands for two shark species, a catshark and a bamboo shark. The ligand repertoire of bamboo shark represents a subset of that of the catshark, with roughly similar thresholds. Amarogentin, one of the most bitter natural substances for humans, also elicited the highest signal amplitudes with both shark receptors. Other subsets of ligands are shared with basal bony fish T2Rs indicating an astonishing degree of functional conservation over nearly 500 mya of separate evolution. Both shark receptors respond to endogenous steroids as well as xenobiotic compounds, whereas separate receptors exist for xenobiotics both in early- and late-derived bony vertebrates (coelacanth, zebrafish, and human), consistent with the shark T2R reflecting the original ligand repertoire of the ancestral bitter taste receptor at the evolutionary origin of this family.
Stress-induced nuclear speckle reorganization is linked to activation of immediate early gene splicing
Authors: Sung Hsu-Min , Schott Johanna , Boss Philipp , Lehmann Janina A. , Hardt Marius Roland , Lindner Doris , Messens Joris , Bogeski Ivan , Ohler Uwe , Stoecklin Georg
Published: November 2023

Current models posit that nuclear speckles (NSs) serve as reservoirs of splicing factors and facilitate posttranscriptional mRNA processing. Here, we discovered that ribotoxic stress induces a profound reorganization of NSs with enhanced recruitment of factors required for splice-site recognition, including the RNA-binding protein TIAR, U1 snRNP proteins and U2-associated factor 65, as well as serine 2 phosphorylated RNA polymerase II. NS reorganization relies on the stress-activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and coincides with splicing activation of both pre-existing and newly synthesized pre-mRNAs. In particular, ribotoxic stress causes targeted excision of retained introns from pre-mRNAs of immediate early genes (IEGs), whose transcription is induced during the stress response. Importantly, enhanced splicing of the IEGs ZFP36 and FOS is accompanied by relocalization of the corresponding nuclear mRNA foci to NSs. Our study reveals NSs as a dynamic compartment that is remodeled under stress conditions, whereby NSs appear to become sites of IEG transcription and efficient cotranscriptional splicing.
An integrated approach to evaluate the measurement capability and acceptability of acoustic emission sensors
Authors: Chen Haizhou , Lin Janet , Chen Nian , Xu Guanji
Published: November 2023

Acoustic emission (AE) is a pivotal technique in condition-based maintenance (CBM) and recent years have witnessed a significant surge in the deployment of AE sensors in industrial applications. With this increase in availability, there comes a substantial challenge: evaluating the measurement capability of sensors within specific applications. As such, this study identifies a critical need for a structured approach to evaluate the measurement capabilities of AE sensors and subsequently judge their acceptability against guideline criteria. To address this need, we present an integrated approach that systematically guides the capability evaluation of AE sensors, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative analysis aims to scrutinize the diagnostic accuracy of sensors by assessing the detectability of features critical for diagnostics. The quantitative analysis leverages the Gage repeatability and reproducibility (Gage R&R) to statistically evaluate sensor characteristics. A comprehensive experimental study further investigates the impact of measurement sources on the sensors’ repeatability, and reproducibility. This study illustrates the qualitative findings regarding sensor’s diagnostic accuracy in both time and frequency domains, revealing promising performance in diagnostic-based evaluations. In quantitative analysis, we demonstrate the results of sensor capability in terms of repeatability and reproducibility, providing the variations of different sources in statistics-based evaluations. We thoroughly investigate the influence of significant factors, quantifying their contributions to the sensor’s measurement capability. Furthermore, we introduce metrics designed to assess sensor’s acceptability, according to explicit acceptance and rejection criteria. Our experimental results affirm that root mean square measurements are within acceptable ranges for both sensors, while spectral entropy (SE) measurements for PK15I sensor satisfy the acceptable level. For HZ136I sensor, however, SE measurements are deemed conditionally acceptable. Ultimately, the proposed approach provides a robust framework for the comprehensive evaluation of AE sensor measurement capabilities, offering invaluable guidance for sensor selection and enhancement in industrial applications.
On the metric upper density of Birkhoff sums for irrational rotations
Authors: Frühwirth Lorenz , Hauke Manuel
Published: November 2023

This article examines the value distribution of

S

N

(
f
,
α
)
:=

∑

n
=
1

N

f
(
n
α
)

for almost every α where

N
∈

N

is ranging over a long interval and f is a 1-periodic function with discontinuities or logarithmic singularities at rational numbers. We show that for N in a set of positive upper density, the order of

S

N

(
f
,
α
)

is of Khintchine-type, unless the logarithmic singularity is symmetric. Additionally, we show the asymptotic sharpness of the Denjoy–Koksma inequality for such f, with applications in the theory of numerical integration. Our method also leads to a generalized form of the classical Borel–Bernstein Theorem that allows very general modularity conditions.
Early warning for abnormal strains of continuous bridges using a proposed temperature–strain mapping model
Authors: Gong Xiaoyu , Song Xiaodong , Cai C S , Li Guangqi , Xiong Wen
Published: November 2023

Bridge strain is an essential monitoring index for small to medium span bridges because abnormal strains could be attributed to bridge deterioration or damage. Thus, an early warning method for detecting abnormal strains is highly desired. In this study, a temperature–strain mapping model for predicting the temperature induced strains was proposed by fusing structural health monitoring data and deep learning neural networks. First, the sensitivity of temperature induced strains to structural damage was analyzed, and the thermal strain was chosen as a suitable indicator for bridge performance detection. Next, a high-precision prediction model was established to overcome the time-lag effect between the original temperature and temperature induced strain sequences. By comparing the model’s prediction with the identification of measurements, an early warning method for detecting the abnormal temperature induced strains was proposed. The evaluation results demonstrated that the proposed early warning method was able to accurately detect the abnormal strains, even when the abnormal strain is smaller than the normal daily variations.
A novel joint-less coil: promising unprecedented magnetic field stability to solve the persistent current mode issue in 2G-HTS magnet application
Authors: Dong Hao , Huang Daxing , Wang Tongxin , Gu Hongwei , Ding Fazhu
Published: November 2023

Closed coils fabricated using second generation high temperature superconducting (2G-HTS) coated conductors (CCs) are promising for superconducting magnets, which operating in persistent current mode (PCM) such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems. However, the fabrication and application of superconducting joints for 2G-HTS CCs still pose a significant challenge. This paper reports a PCM joint-less 2G-HTS coil for capturing magnetic fields, which is called ‘Four Pancake Coil (FPC)’. A novel winding method was developed to form four pancake structure and effectively solved the closed-loop problem of 2G-HTS magnets. Meanwhile, the FPCs generated a 70.4 mT central magnetic field at 77 K and lasted for 57 d with a magnetic field drift rate of only 0.065 ppm h−1, which can satisfy the requirements of MRI magnets. In addition to the closed-loop characteristics of the FPC, the stacked magnet also provides expandability and ease of maintenance exchange. These advantages make it highly promising for the development of closed-loop 2G-HTS magnets.
Light sterile neutrinos in the early universe: effects of altered dispersion relations and a coupling to axion-like dark matter
Authors: Hellmann Dominik , Päs Heinrich
Published: November 2023

We investigate the cosmological consequences of light sterile neutrinos with altered
dispersion relations (ADRs) and couplings to an ultra-light, axion-like scalar field. In
particular we study the impact on the number of additional, light, fermionic degrees of freedom
and primordial nucleosynthesis. While the ADR leads to a new potential term in the Hamiltonian,
the coupling to the scalar field results in a time dependent, effective mass contribution. We
solve the quantum kinetic equations (QKEs) for the neutrino density matrix and find that in
certain parameter regions both new physics effects can individually yield a suppressed population
of sterile neutrino species and the correct observed amount of helium in nucleosynthesis.
Combining both effects opens up new patches of parameter space excluded by experimental bounds
applying to models featuring only one of the effects.
Numerical investigation of toroidal plasma response for ELM control via magnetic perturbations in the DTT Tokamak
Authors: Pigatto L. , Bolzonella T. , Bonotto M. , Fusco V. , Liu Y.Q. , Marchiori G. , Villone F. , Vlad G.
Published: November 2023

Linear plasma response modeling is exploited in this work to assess the effect of different coil configurations on edge localized mode (ELM) stability in full power operational scenarios for the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, presently under construction at the ENEA site of Frascati (Italy). The MARS-F code is used to compute, in toroidal geometry and including flow, the resistive plasma response to different vacuum fields with toroidal mode numbers

n
=
1
,
2
,
3

. Peeling-like response in particular, correlated with ELM control, is found to be significant for

n
=
2
,
3

perturbations while

n
=
1

induces a large core response in the investigated scenarios. Two metrics are used to link plasma response to ELM control. Namely the local normal plasma displacement in the x-point region and the Chirikov parameter in PEST-like straight-field-line coordinates. These criteria are used to predict optimal phasing of the active coil arrays and current thresholds based on empirical evidence. Depending on the number of active coils and on the scenario, coil currents between 20 and 40 kAt are predicted to be effective for ELM mitigation in DTT.
Gyrokinetic turbulence modeling of a high performance scenario in JT-60SA
Authors: Iantchenko A. , Pueschel M.J. , Brunner S. , Coda S.
Published: November 2023

Local gyrokinetic simulations are used to model turbulent transport for the first time in a representative high-performance plasma discharge projected for the new JT-60SA tokamak. The discharge features a double-null separatrix, 41 MW of combined neutral beam heating and electron cyclotron heating, and a high predicted ratio of the normalized plasma kinetic to magnetic pressure β. When considering input parameters computed from reduced transport models, gyrokinetic simulations predict a turbulent heat flux well below the injected 41 MW. Increasing the background gradients, on the other hand, can trigger a non-zonal transition (NZT), causing heat fluxes to no longer saturate. Furthermore, when considering fast ions in the simulations, a high-frequency mode is destabilized that substantially impacts the turbulence. The NZT is avoided by reducing the electron pressure by 10% below its nominal value, and the fast-ion resonance is removed by reducing the fast-ion temperature. The thus-obtained simulation features broadband frequency spectra and density and temperature fluctuation levels

δ
n

/

n
≈
1
%

–2%,

δ
T

/

T
≈
1
%

–6% that should be measurable with fluctuation diagnostics planned for JT-60SA. The temperature profile is fixed by the critical main-ion temperature gradient as a consequence of the high stiffness; heat fluxes increase by a factor of ten when increasing the main ion temperature gradient by 17%. Despite large gradients, it is demonstrated that, due to the large β, retaining compressional magnetic field fluctuations and in particular, the contribution of the pressure gradient in the

∇
B

drifts, is crucial to achieving non-zero heat fluxes.
Study of AC Susceptibility of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 at Different Frequencies
Authors: Karma Nikita , Harinkhere Disha , Karil Poornima , Dager H.S.
Published: November 2023

In the present work, the structural and ac magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature at different frequencies of perovskite type La08Sr0.2MnO3 (LSMO) compound have been discussed. Conventional solid-state route was used to synthesize LSMO compound. Orthorhombic crystal structure with Pnma space group of the compound was witnessed from the analysis of X-ray diffractograms by Rietveld refinement. The real (χꞌ) and imaginary (χꞌꞌ) part of the ac susceptibility of the compound have been studied. The real part of magnetic susceptibility (χꞌ) of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 sample increases as temperature decrease. This indicates that the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition occurs. At different frequencies, i.e. 100Hz and 500Hz the Curie temperature Tc are 326K and 336K respectively. Peaks observed in the imaginary part χꞌꞌ) of magnetic susceptibility plot indicate the presence of sample inhomogeneity.