bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vese P2Y12-receptorainak szerepe a lítium által okozott polyuria létrejöttében
Authors: Radó János
Published: January 2024

A klinikusok és a kutatók már rég megállapították, hogy a Bartter-szindrómás betegek polyuriájának patogenezisében a prosztaglandintermelés (-ürítés) fokozódásának jelentős szerepe van. Az is emellett szólt, hogy a prosztaglandinuria mérséklése indometacinnal megszünteti a polyuriát. A kérdés újabban még érdekesebbé vált, amióta felfedezték, hogy a vese P2Y12- receptorainak van kiemelkedő szerepe a polyuriában. A legújabb állatkísérletek alapján a lítiumpolyuria jövőbeli kezelésmódja a vese érzékennyé tétele a vazopresszin iránt a vese P2Y12-receptorainak farmakológiai blokádjával.
Seeing the Forest for the Coral-Trees: Engagement and Perceptions of Reef Threats among Coral Restoration Volunteers in Roatan, Honduras
Authors: Garcia Sierra , Rivera Antonella
Published: January 2024

Despite the global proliferation of coral reef restoration initiatives in recent years, there has been little scholarship focused on the motivations, sentiments, or understandings of the volunteer divers that many restoration programs depend on for regular operational support. Mixed-methods analysis of seven months of surveys (n=83) and interviews (n=15) of a heterogeneous population of coral restoration volunteers in Roatan, Honduras explored these themes. Emergent themes around diver motivations, perceptions, and doubts are discussed, and diver-identified actions to protect coral reef health are summarized. Divers involved in coral restoration are shown to not have significantly different perceptions of how much they protect coral reef health than their diving peers not involved in restoration, despite demonstrating a comparatively robust baseline knowledge of coral reef threats and carbon emission related threats in particular. Divers who chose to volunteer for coral restoration identified lowering carbon emissions as a way to protect coral reef health three times more than control group divers, but were not more likely than control divers to list coral restoration. Overall, divers who choose to participate in coral restoration as volunteers demonstrated high baseline awareness of and concern for threats to coral reefs, but consistently reported learning new information from participation in reef restoration.
On Dedekind Function for the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: January 2024

The Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. It is considered by many to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics. There are several statements equivalent to the famous Riemann hypothesis. On the one hand, the Robin's criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma} \cdot n \cdot \log \log n$ holds for all natural numbers $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function of $n$, $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant and $\log$ is the natural logarithm. Let $\Psi(n) = n \cdot \prod_{q \mid n} \left(1 + \frac{1}{q} \right)$ denote the Dedekind $\Psi$ function where $q \mid n$ means the prime $q$ divides $n$. We require the properties of primorial numbers, that is to say the primorial of order $n$ as $N_{n} = 2 \cdot \ldots \cdot q_{n}$. On the other hand, Sol{\'e} and Planat criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\zeta(2) \cdot \frac{\Psi(N_{n})}{N_{n}} > e^{\gamma} \cdot \log \theta(q_{n})$ holds for all prime numbers $q_{n}> 3$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function and $\zeta(x)$ is the Riemann zeta function. In this note, using both inequalities on primorial and prime numbers, we prove that the Riemann hypothesis is true.
Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dengan Strategy Genius Learning
Authors: Ahmad Hasan Nur Furqan , Upu Hamzah , Rosidah
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the application of jigsaw type cooperative learning method with genius learning strategy on mathematics learning outcomes of fifth grade students of SD Negeri Biringkaloro Pallangga. Pseudo-experimental research method. Research design pretest-posttest comparison group design. The study population was all fifth grade students of SD Negeri Biringkaloro Pallangga totaling 160 students. The research sample amounted to 80 students obtained using simple random sampling. Data collection techniques using learning outcomes test instruments and observation sheets. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. The results of descriptive statistical analysis obtained the average mathematics learning outcomes of students with jigsaw type cooperative method 74.00 and genius learning strategy 76.88. The results of inferential statistical analysis showed that the sign value obtained was 0.000 in the sense that (0.000 <0.05) so that it was concluded that there was a significant difference in mathematics learning outcomes by applying the jigsaw type cooperative method and the genius learning strategy in fifth grade students of Biringkaloro Pallangga State Elementary School. The conclusion of the study shows that the application of the jigsaw type cooperative learning method with the genius learning strategy is very influential on students' mathematics learning outcomes, especially students' ability to solve math problems easily and quickly.
Hubungan Motivasi Ekstrinsik dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas V SD 024 Tarai Bangun Pekanbaru
Authors: Dinda Permata Bunda  , Trisniawati  , Mahmudah Titi Muanifah  , Sri Adi Widodo
Published: January 2024

Penelitian               ini memiliki tujuan mendeskripsikan keterkaitan antara motivasi ekstrinsik dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri 024 Tarai Bangun. Jenis penelitian yaitu korelasional. Populasi murid kelas V A SDN 024 Tarai Bangun yang totalnya yakni 24 siswa. Sampel diambil dengan menerapkan teknik sampling jenuh. Teknik penyusunan data yaitu angket, wawancara serta dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data memanfaatkan statistic, sebelumnya dilaksanakan uji prasyarat analisis mencakup uji normalitas serta uji linearitas. Hasil penelitian secara deskriptif memperlihatkan motivasi ekstrinsik siswa kelas V A di SD 024 Tarai Bangun termasuk kategori sedang melalui nilai rata-rata (Mean) = 52,50. Sedangkan hasil belajar Matematika murid Kelas V A SD Negeri 024 Tarai Bangun ada pada kategori tinggi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata (Mean) = 71,50. Secara korelasional variabel motivasi ekstrinsik memiliki keterkaitan yang cukup signifikan hasil belajar Matematika melalui nilai rhitung = 0,534 dan nilai p = 0,007 < 0,05. Rata-rata siswa yang bermotivasi yang amat      tinggi serta mempunyai indeks hasil belajar yang baik bahkan sangat baik.

In this study, Class V students at SD Negeri 024 Tarai Bangun were asked to describe the correlation between extrinsic motivation and their mathematical learning outcomes. Correlational research is used in this field. 24 students are enrolled in class V A at SDN 024 Tarai Bangun. Saturated sampling was used to collect samples. Techniques for gathering data include surveys, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method makes use of statistics. Prior to this, tests for the prerequisites of analysis, such as normality and linearity tests, have been performed. The study's descriptive findings demonstrated that Class V A students at Tarai Bangun SD 024 had moderate extrinsic motivation, with an average value (Mean) of 52.50. Students in Class V A at SD Negeri 024 Tarai Bangun have achieved exceptional levels of proficiency in mathematics. The average value (Mean) from the research findings was 71.50. Extrinsic motivation has a substantial correlation with learning outcomes in mathematics, with a value of rcount = 0.534 and a value of p = 0.007<0.05. On average, students are very highly motivated and have good or even very good learning outcome indexes.
De ensamkommandes ensamhet
Authors: Helmersson Sara , Vallström Maria , Vallström Mikael
Published: January 2024

The loneliness of unaccompanied minors - Young migrants’ voices about exclusion and conditions for integration in two northern rural municipalities in Sweden
The purpose of this article is to deepen our understanding of the integration and exclusion of unaccompanied minors by using a phenomenological, affective framework on their experiences and feelings. The article is based on qualitative interviews with 36 young people who came to two northern rural municipalities in Sweden without guardians in 2015. The interview situation raised questions about our research position, which is reflected upon in an autobiographical note. The study shows that various forms of loneliness and feelings of exclusion are a consistent theme in the young people’s life stories. The loneliness often appears as situational and connected to the migration experience and the initial reception in the recipient country. The interviews also contain voices of great loss, but also concern, in relation to the family of origin. Sometimes a distrust of the interview situation could be discerned, where the young people’s lives made a strong impression, and loneliness was embodied. The results open for questioning a medicalisation of social and existential needs, but also the problematic nature of a traditional researcher role in this context.
Villkorad normalitet
Authors: Enell Sofia , Allgurin Monika
Published: January 2024

Conditioned normality - stories of (ab)normal life during and after secure care placements
Secure care for young people has an ambiguous mission. It is supposed to socially integrate troubled young people into society by excluding them from the same. As such, young people are supposed to be normalised by abnormal interventions. Young people in secure care also experience the placement as deviant. In this study, we depart from a relational understanding of normality and stories of apology, ‘sad tales’, to explore how young people understand and do normality during and after placement in secure.
This interview-based study builds on almost a decade-long engagement with 11 young people, following their lives after institutional placement. The analysis demonstrates three different ways of doing normality: 1) integrating the normalisation practices of the institution in their current life, 2) distancing and, if possible, hiding their experiences from others and, 3) isolating themselves from overly close relationships because of repeated betrayals from adults. Although different in character, these three ways are underpinned by a focus on self-reliance and independence, and an emergent need ‘to behave’.
This study is a reminder that institutional practices of normality create a feeling of being deviant many years after leaving the institution. Thus, the need for developing supporting structures and relations that acknowledge and address the young people’s experiences of abnormality and in such way enable them to feel respected, valued and cared for, is emphasised.
Utvecklingsarbete som styrteknik
Authors: Liebenstein Gegner Harald , Denvall Verner
Published: January 2024

Development work as governance technique - an analysis of how development leaders experience power in Swedish regional support and cooperation structures.
In this article, we study the experiences of power carried out by regional development leaders in Swedish regional support and cooperation structures (RSS) within the state’s governance of social services. The article answers two questions regarding: 1) the development leaders’ experiences of power in vertical and horizontal control rationalities in governmental knowledge management, and 2) the significance these experiences have for their understanding and comprehension of governance. The context is the national strategy on the knowledge management of social services. Knowledge management is exercised through interaction between the state, regional structures, government agencies, and RSS, implemented as a partnership.
Our analysis is based on a series of recurring group interviews carried out as research circles with six regional development leaders. The analysis model in the article is primarily based on concepts such as control rationality, social technologies, and the relational exercise of power as a manifestation of normative power through subtle forms of control.
The analysis reveals that the development leaders’ diverse experiences with power are shaped by the underlying governance rationalities in their operating context. In horizontal governance, they describe feeling a sense of participation and autonomy. In contrast, their experience of vertical governance is characterised by a feeling that someone else is in control. Their understanding of how power is constructed influences how they perform governance. They define governance as development, meaning a governance technique that allows for action and a sense of participation. We argue that development work should be considered a subtle social technology based on relational power, which organisations and professionals should recognise and put into concrete action.
Ny bok: Salmonsson, Göran & Spross, Linn (2021)
Authors: Brauer John
Published: January 2024

Den historieskrivning som socionomstudenter möter tar ofta sin startpunkt i sekelskiftet 1800/1900 och framväxten av den sociala frågan (jfr Meeuwisse m.fl., 2016). En liknande utgångspunkt är även vanlig i historiskt orienterad forskning inom socialt arbete (se exempelvis Davidsson, 2015; Brauer, 2022). Ett dominerande tema, både inom kurslitteratur och forskning, är den kring sekelskiftet 1800/1900 tilltagande urbaniseringen som ackompanjerades av ökad ekonomisk och social utsatthet. Det var en utveckling som över tid bidrog till att professionellt socialt arbete inklusive yrkesutbildning för socialarbetare etablerades i flera städer. Mindre uppmärksammat är de historiska processer som föregick urbaniseringen samt framväxten av den sociala frågan (ett undantag är Roddy Nilssons [2003] förtjänstfulla bok, vilken beklagligt nog har utgått). Det är därför ett välkommet bidrag som recenseras i den här artikeln. Det är en monografi författad av ekonomhistorikerna Göran Salmonsson och Linn Spross, vilken belyser fattigvårdens utveckling parallellt med lönearbetets framväxt under 1800-talet. Författarna analyserar de riksdagsdebatter och reformer som följde av att sociala institutioner utmanades när allt fler människor kom att försörja sig via lönearbete. I bokens inledande kapitel konstaterar författarna att lönearbete är förknippat med kostnader, inte minst när personer blir arbetsoförmögna på grund av sjukdom och/eller ålderdom. När antalet lönearbetande i befolkningen ökade under 1800-talet ökade även kostnaderna för fattigvården i och med att personer periodvis eller permanent blev arbetslösa – om inte innan så under ålderdomen. Ett återkommande argument i den politiska debatten var att arbetsgivare fick åtnjuta vinsten av lönearbetet, medan det blev upp till fattigvården, det vill säga det allmänna, att bära kostnaderna för detsamma. Denna utveckling kritiserades av företrädare för socknar (senare under seklet reformerade till sekulära kommuner) och kom att bli föremål för både debatter och reformer på riksdagsnivå, vilka alltså är föremål för författarnas analys.
Call for paper 2024
Authors: Lundberg Anna , Taghizadeh Larsson Annika , Alakoski Susanna
Published: January 2024

Socioekonomisk utsatthet, jämlikhet och skälig levnadsstandard
Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift ger 2024 ut ett dubbelnummer som samlar aktuell och relevant forskning på tema socioekonomisk utsatthet, jämlikhet och skälig levnadsnivå. Utgångspunkten är den enkla tesen att barnfamiljer i Sverige lever i olika ekonomiska verkligheter, och att tid alltmer ägnas åt att hantera symtom på orättvisa ekonomiska förhållanden, och mindre åt den samhällsbyggande funktionen, och de orsaker och mekanismer som skapar orättvisor.
Gästredaktionen bjuder in till en bred, tvärvetenskaplig diskussion om hur olika perspektiv på fattigdom och ekonomisk jämlikhet, historiskt och i vår samtid, kan bidra till att utveckla socialt arbete som professionspraktik och forskningsfält. Önskan är att sätta olika infallsvinklar i dialog med varandra för att förstå vår tids fattigdomsproblem, samt bidra till att mobilisera mot, och identifiera möjliga lösningar. 
Vi välkomnar bland annat forskare som studerat situationen för olika åldersgrupper men också forskare som studerat idéerna bakom den generella välfärdens framväxt, rättslig reglering för redan utsatta grupper, samt texter som spänner över teori, forskningsmetod, etik och praktik, med inriktning mot offentligt såväl som frivilligt socialt arbete. Utöver detta efterlyses bokrecensioner och friare texter. 
Sprid gärna inbjudan vidare. Vi ser fram emot att fylla numret med samhällsrelevanta, spännande texter som bidrar till en intressant och kritisk diskussion.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Penggunaan Gadget Terhadap Interaksi Sosial Pada Anak Usia Sekolah
Authors: Lestari Indri Puji , Novitri Novitri
Published: January 2024

Gadget kini sudah menjadi kebutuhan sehari-hari masyarakat modern sehingga membuat kebanyakan orang tua sudah memperkenalkan gadget kepada anak sejak usia dini. Akibatnya penggunaan gadget dengan intensitas lama dengan jenis pemakaian aplikasi tanpa pengawasan orang tua akan mempenggaruhi interaksi sosial pada anak. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui hubungan intensitas, jenis pemakaian dan jenis kelamin dalam pemakaian gadget terhadap interaksi sosial pada anak. Penelitian ini di lakukan dengan menggunakan desain Cross-sectional dan uji chi-square dengan hasil berupa analisa univariat dan bivariat. Sampel penelitian  berjumlah 47 orang. Instrumen  dalam penelitian  ini menggunakan  lembar kuisioner  yang terdiri dari lembar kuisioner intensitas, jenis kelamin, jenis pemakaian dan interaksi sosial. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan ada hubungan antara intensitas p-value=(0,001), jenis pemakaian p-value= (0,022) dan jenis kelamin p-value=(0,002) dalam pemakaian gadget terhadap interaksi sosial pada anak usia sekolah. Kesimpulan terdapat hubungan intensitas, jenis pemakaian dan jenis kelamin dalam penggunaan gadget terhadap interaksi sosial pada anak usia sekolah. Saran dari penelitian adalah agar orang tua dapat lebih memperhatikan dan memantau anak usia sekolah dengan cara melakukan pengawasan ketika anak menggunakan smarthphone.
Current status and quality of radiomics studies for predicting outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kong Jinfen , Zhang Danfen
Published: January 2024

Background

Pre-treatment prediction of reperfusion and long-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is crucial for effective treatment and decision-making. Recent studies have demonstrated that the inclusion of radiomics data can improve the performance of predictive models. This paper reviews published studies focused on radiomics-based prediction of reperfusion and long-term prognosis in AIS patients.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to September 9, 2023, for studies on radiomics-based prediction of AIS patient outcomes. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the phase classification criteria, the radiomics quality scoring (RQS) tool, and the Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Two separate meta-analyses were performed of these studies that predict long-term prognosis and reperfusion in AIS patients.

Results

Sixteen studies with sample sizes ranging from 67 to 3,001 were identified. Ten studies were classified as phase II, and the remaining were categorized as phase 0 (n = 2), phase I (n = 1), and phase III (n = 3). The mean RQS score of all studies was 39.41%, ranging from 5.56 to 75%. Most studies (87.5%, 14/16) were at high risk of bias due to their retrospective design. The remaining two studies were categorized as low risk and unclear risk, respectively. The pooled area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.92] for predicting the long-term prognosis and 0.80 (95% CI 0.74–0.86) for predicting reperfusion in AIS.

Conclusion

Radiomics has the potential to predict immediate reperfusion and long-term outcomes in AIS patients. Further external validation and evaluation within the clinical workflow can facilitate personalized treatment for AIS patients. This systematic review provides valuable insights for optimizing radiomics prediction systems for both reperfusion and long-term outcomes in AIS patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023461671, identifier CRD42023461671.
Music Listening as Kangaroo Mother Care: From Skin-to-Skin Contact to Being Touched by the Music
Authors: Reybrouck Mark
Published: January 2024

The metaphor of being touched by music is widespread and almost universal. The tactile experience, moreover, has received growing interest in recent years. There is, however, a need to go beyond a mere metaphorical use of the term, by positioning the tactile experience within the broader frame of embodied cognition and the experiential turn in cognitive science. This article explores the possible contribution of a science of touch by defining music as a vibrational phenomenon that affects the body and the senses. It takes as a starting point the clinical findings on the psychological and physiological value of tender touch with a special focus on the method of kangaroo mother care, which is a method for holding the baby against the chest of the mother, skin-to-skin. It is seen as one of the most basic affiliative bondings with stimuli that elicit reward. Via an extensive review of the research literature, it is questioned as to what extent this rationale can be translated to the realm of music. There are, in fact, many analogies, but a comprehensive theoretical framework is still lacking. This article aims at providing at least some preparatory groundwork to fuel more theorizing about listening and its relation to the sense of touch.
Current State of Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) Pollen Information and Future Directions for Its Airborne Allergen Determination and Improved Pollen Monitoring
Authors: Takahashi Yuichi
Published: January 2024

About 40% of cedar pollinosis patients living in the Yamagata Prefecture showed pollinosis symptoms before the first day of the pollen season, which was determined by Durham samplers, the standard sampler for pollen information in Japan. The amount of Cry j 1 (major cedar pollen allergen) per cedar pollen is reported to be six pg. This amount is difficult to measure using the ELISA method, so we applied the highly sensitive ESR radical immunoassay method to measure the allergen; now we can provide information for sensitive patients. It revealed that Cry j 1 exists in orbicles and tapetum. It is presumed that it is smaller than pollen, so it comes from a place where cedar are already in bloom. It is desirable to obtain real-time information on an hourly basis. Currently, information from automatic cedar pollen monitors is becoming main-stream. However, this monitor may count during snowfalls, Asian dust flying, etc., even when there was no apparent pollen examined with a microscope. This paper describes the current status of automatic cedar pollen monitors, their usefulness, and their advantages and disadvantages in comparison with results obtained by other methods of measurement. Lastly, the paper describes expectations for cedar pollen information in the future.
Investigating the Prevalence of Paratuberculosis in Hungarian Large-Scale Dairy Herds and the Success of Control Measures over Four Years
Authors: Vass-Bognár Barbara , Khol Johannes Lorenz , Baumgartner Walter , Fornyos Kinga , Papp Melitta , Abonyi-Tóth Zsolt , Bakony Mikolt , Jurkovich Viktor
Published: January 2024

Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a severe, slow-developing, untreatable disease of ruminants. Worldwide, the disease affects more than 50% of herds in the dairy industry, and causes substantial economic losses for dairy producers. Diagnostic tests show limited sensitivity, especially in the early stages of the disease. Our study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in large-scale dairy herds in Hungary, in association with the self-reported presence or absence of screening and intervention measures against MAP transmission. We processed data from 42 large-scale Holstein Friesian farms in Hungary between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. An average of 32,009 (min.: 31,702; max.: 32,207) animals were blood sampled yearly (127,372 in total during the four years), corresponding to 15% of the Hungarian dairy cattle population. All female cattle older than 2 years were blood sampled on the farms enroled in the study. The samples were tested using a commercial ELISA (IDEXX paratuberculosis screening Ab test). Farm managers were interviewed about their on-farm diagnostic and intervention approaches using a uniform questionnaire, including questions on the level of awareness, frequency of ELISA and PCR testing, and their strategies for culling adult animals and reducing transmission to newborn calves. By comparing the annual rate of change in seroprevalence and the amount of change observed during the four-year period, we concluded that test-and-cull strategies implemented in parallel with newborn calf management that aimed at preventing MAP transmission were superior to test-and-cull strategies alone; moreover, fortifying culling decision making via additional ELISA and PCR tests is superior to using a single ELISA result. For farms that carried out a complex program with both “test-and-cull” and proper newborn calf management, there was a proportional reduction in apparent seroprevalence at an average of 22.8% per year. Fifteen of the sampled farms had no measures in place to control paratuberculosis. On these farms, the seroprevalence increased by 12.1% per year on average.
Utilization of Blackthorn Plums (Prunus spinosa) and Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Kernel Oil: Assessment of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Oxidative Stability
Authors: Athanasiadis Vassilis , Chatzimitakos Theodoros , Kotsou Konstantina , Kalompatsios Dimitrios , Bozinou Eleni , Lalas Stavros I.
Published: January 2024

Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. are valuable fruit-bearing trees known for their bioactive compounds and medicinal properties. However, limited research exists regarding their kernel oils. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition, quality parameters, and bioactive potential of the kernel oils extracted from Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. The kernel oils’ fatty acid and tocopherol profiles were characterized, and the presence of bioactive compounds were identified and quantified. Total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AAC) were also measured, indicating the presence of bioactive compounds in both oils. Additionally, the main quality parameters, including oxidative status, were evaluated. The fatty acid analysis revealed a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to monounsaturated fatty acids in both kernel oil samples. Linoleic acid (57–64%) and oleic acid (18–29%) were the major fatty acids in both Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. kernel oils. α-Eleostearic acid (11.87%) was quantified only in Prunus avium kernel oil. Furthermore, the α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol content were determined, and it was found that both kernel oils contained γ-tocopherol as the major tocopherol (~204–237 mg/Kg). TPC in Prunus avium L. kernel oil was measured at 9.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/Kg and recorded as ~316% higher TPC than Prunus spinosa L. kernel oil. However, the recorded AAC were 11.87 and 14.22 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/Kg oil, respectively. Both oils recorded low peroxide values (~1.50 mmol H2O2/Kg), and low TBARS value (~0.4 mmol malondialdehyde equivalents, MDAE/Kg oil), but high p-anisidine value (23–32). The results indicated that both Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. kernel oils exhibited unique chemical compositions.
Differential Mutation Incorporated Quantum Honey Badger Algorithm with Dynamic Opposite Learning and Laplace Crossover for Fuzzy Front-End Product Design
Authors: Huang Jiaxu , Hu Haiqing
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a multi-strategy fusion enhanced Honey Badger algorithm (EHBA) is proposed to address the problem of easy convergence to local optima and difficulty in achieving fast convergence in the Honey Badger algorithm (HBA). The adoption of a dynamic opposite learning strategy broadens the search area of the population, enhances global search ability, and improves population diversity. In the honey harvesting stage of the honey badger (development), differential mutation strategies are combined, selectively introducing local quantum search strategies that enhance local search capabilities and improve population optimization accuracy, or introducing dynamic Laplacian crossover operators that can improve convergence speed, while reducing the odds of the HBA sinking into local optima. Through comparative experiments with other algorithms on the CEC2017, CEC2020, and CEC2022 test sets, and three engineering examples, EHBA has been verified to have good solving performance. From the comparative analysis of convergence graphs, box plots, and algorithm performance tests, it can be seen that compared with the other eight algorithms, EHBA has better results, significantly improving its optimization ability and convergence speed, and has good application prospects in the field of optimization problems.
Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Are Olfactory Neuronal Precursors Useful for Antemortem Biomarker Research?
Authors: Santillán-Morales Valeria , Rodriguez-Espinosa Norberto , Muñoz-Estrada Jesús , Alarcón-Elizalde Salvador , Acebes Ángel , Benítez-King Gloria
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as the main cause of dementia, affects millions of people around the world, whose diagnosis is based mainly on clinical criteria. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is obtained very late, when the neurodegenerative damage is significant for most patients. Therefore, the exhaustive study of biomarkers is indispensable for diagnostic, prognostic, and even follow-up support. AD is a multifactorial disease, and knowing its underlying pathological mechanisms is crucial to propose new and valuable biomarkers. In this review, we summarize some of the main biomarkers described in AD, which have been evaluated mainly by imaging studies in cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples. Furthermore, we describe and propose neuronal precursors derived from the olfactory neuroepithelium as a potential resource to evaluate some of the widely known biomarkers of AD and to gear toward searching for new biomarkers. These neuronal lineage cells, which can be obtained directly from patients through a non-invasive and outpatient procedure, display several characteristics that validate them as a surrogate model to study the central nervous system, allowing the analysis of AD pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the ease of obtaining and harvesting endows them as an accessible and powerful resource to evaluate biomarkers in clinical practice.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Major Co-Conspirators in Tumor Development
Authors: Singh Shubhangi , Singh Ajay P. , Mitra Ranjana
Published: January 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant of tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic outcomes [...]
The Ovary–Brain Connection
Authors: Yousif Abdelrahman , Ebeid Ahmed , Kacsoh Balint , Bazzaro Martina , Chefetz Ilana
Published: January 2024

The brain and the ovaries are in a state of continuous communication [...]
Nano-Iron Oxide Coating for Enhanced Heat Transfer in Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Systems
Authors: Faraj Fadhl H. , Ali Jamal M. , Najim Sarmad T. , Sultan Abbas J. , Alardhi Saja M. , Majdi Hasan Sh.
Published: January 2024

This study explores using iron oxide coatings on glass beads to improve heat transfer efficiency in fluidized bed reactors. Techniques such as BET surface area analysis, SEM imaging, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the coated beads. Results showed the successful creation of a crystalline iron layer on the beads’ surface and increased thermal conductivity, especially at elevated temperatures. The study also quantified the impact of air surface velocity and heating power on the heat transfer coefficient, revealing substantial improvements, especially at higher velocities. It was found that the heat transfer coefficient for 600 µm glass beads increases significantly from 336.4 W/m2·K to 390.3 W/m2·K when the velocity is 0.27 m/s and the heating flux is 125 W. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the iron oxide coating in improving heat transfer. The results of this study emphasize the efficacy of iron oxide coatings in augmenting heat transmission characteristics, particularly in fluidized bed reactor.
The Effect of Liraglutide on Axon Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Lesion
Authors: Yalçın Mehmet Burak , Bora Ejder Saylav , Erbaş Oytun
Published: January 2024

Peripheral nerve injuries inflict severe consequences, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the potential of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in mitigating the consequences of peripheral nerve injury. The existing treatment methods for such injuries underscore the importance of ongoing translational research efforts. Thirty adult Wistar rats underwent sciatic nerve dissection and repair surgery. The nerves were surgically transected using micro scissors at a precise location located 1.5 cm proximal to the trifurcation site. The study included a control group and two experimental groups, one treated with saline (placebo group) and the other with liraglutide (experimental group) for 12 weeks. Motor function, electromyography (EMG), and biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed after 12 weeks of treatment. Electrophysiological assessments revealed that liraglutide improved the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and motor function compared to the saline-treated group. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated increased NGF expression, total axon number, and diameter and reduced fibrosis in the liraglutide group. Biochemical analyses illustrated liraglutide’s antioxidative properties, evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Galectin-3 levels were suppressed and GDF-11 levels were modulated by liraglutide, indicating anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Liraglutide is a promising therapeutic intervention for peripheral nerve injuries, promoting functional recovery and histopathological improvement. Its multifaceted positive impact, beyond glycemic control, suggests constructive effects on the acute and chronic inflammatory processes associated with peripheral neuropathy. These findings warrant further research to elucidate molecular mechanisms and facilitate clinical translation. The study contributes valuable insights to the growing understanding of GLP-1 receptor agonists’ neuroprotective properties in the context of peripheral nerve injuries.
Effect of Functional Inhibition of BACE1 on Sensitization to γ-Irradiation in Cancer Cells
Authors: Nakamoto Keitaro , Kikuhara Sota , Fujimori Hiroaki , Saraswat Barkha , Gao Zhongming , Vadi Velu Ankitha , Zhang Zongxiang , Tong Ying , Imamichi Shoji , Nozaki Tadashige , Murakami Yasufumi , Masutani Mitsuko
Published: January 2024

Developing strategies for the radiosensitization of cancer cells by the inhibition of genes, which harbor low toxicity to normal cells, will be useful for improving cancer radiotherapy. Here, we focused on a β-site of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1; β-secretase, memapsin-2). By functional inhibition of this peptidase by siRNA, it has also recently been shown that the DNA strand break marker, γH2AX foci, increased, suggesting its involvement in DNA damage response. To investigate this possibility, we knocked down BACE1 with siRNA in cancer cell lines, and sensitization to γ-irradiation was examined by a colony formation assay, γH2AX foci and level analysis, and flow cytometry. BACE1 knockdown resulted in the sensitization of HeLa, MDA-MB-231, U2OS, and SAOS cells to γ-irradiation in a diverse range. BACE1 knockdown showed a weak radiosensitization effect in osteosarcoma U2OS cells, which has a normal p53 function. HeLa and SAOS cells, which harbor p53 dysfunction, exhibited a greater level of radiosensitization. These results suggest that BACE1 may be a potential target for the radiosensitization in particular cancer cells.
Comprehensive Study of Energy Characteristics and Biohazard Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste from the Landfill of the City of Atyrau
Authors: Ivanov Nikolay S. , Abilmagzhanov Arlan Z. , Kholkin Oleg S. , Adelbaev Iskander E.
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of the study of the morphological composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) from the landfill of Atyrau city, and the waste’s energy characteristics and presence of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. This study was carried out under a government order to determine the feasibility of recycling accumulated and incoming waste into electricity and its hazard to the environment and the workers involved in handling it. At the moment, there is no MSW recycling in Kazakhstan, which has led to the accumulation of more than 125 million tons of waste with an annual increase of 5 million tons. The research included four major cities (Almaty, Shymkent, Atyrau and Astana), which were selected not only on the basis of population, but also because the cities were located in different climatic zones. Samples were collected at the city landfills: 10 samples with an average distance of 100 m from each other were collected to provide a maximum coverage of both recently received waste and long-time stored waste. The research showed that neither climatic conditions nor the population size had a significant impact on MSW density, the values of which ranged from 120.1 kg/m3 to 145.4 kg/m3, as this indicator directly depends on the quality of life. The mass of the combustible fraction ranged from 39.41% to 54.62% and was mainly represented by plastic, textile and paper waste. The average value for the four cities was 50.30%. The higher calorific value fell in the range of 24.22–30.49 MJ/kg, with an average value of 26.71 MJ/kg. Microbiological studies showed little difference in average composition regardless of climatic conditions. Thus, no sharp differences in MSW composition, its energy characteristics and microbiological composition were found. The results of this study may be useful for optimising MSW recycling and disposal processes, as well as for developing measures to reduce their negative impact on the environment and human health.
Initial Vacancy-Dependent High-Temperature Creep Behavior of Nanocrystalline Ni by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Cui Yan , Shao Weidong , Shi Yeran , Zhou Qing
Published: January 2024

Nanocrystalline metals possessing excellent mechanical strength have great potential to replace traditional metal materials as structural materials, but their poor resistance to creep deformation seriously restricts their engineering applications at high temperatures. The high-temperature creep behavior of nanocrystalline Ni with different volume fractions of initial vacancies ranging from 0% to 10% was studied systematically by molecular dynamics simulation in this study. The results showed that the steady-state creep displacement first increased and then decreased with increasing initial vacancy concentration, reaching the maximum when the initial vacancy concentration was 6%. The microstructural characteristics, such as quantity increment and distribution of the vacancies, the number and types of dislocations, and shear strain distribution during creeping, were analyzed in detail. The deformation-induced vacancies formed at the grain boundary (GB) in the initial creep stage, and their variation trend with the initial vacancy concentration was consistent with that of the creep displacement, indicating that the initial vacancy-dependent high-temperature creep behavior of nanocrystalline Ni was mainly determined by the rapidly increasing number of vacancies at the GB in the initial creep stage. Afterwards, the deformation-induced, vacancy-assisted 1/6{112} Shockley partial dislocation activities dominated the creep deformation of nanocrystalline Ni in the steady-state creep stage. The results can provide theoretical support for expanding the application of nanocrystalline metals from the perspective of crystal defect engineering.
Functional and Morphological Outcomes after Trabeculectomy and Deep Sclerectomy—Results from a Monocentric Registry Study
Authors: Pfeiffer Valentin , Gubser Pascal Aurel , Shang Xiao , Lincke Joel-Benjamin , Häner Nathanael Urs , Zinkernagel Martin Sebastian , Unterlauft Jan Darius
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy (TE) and deep sclerectomy (DS) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and thereby preserving visual field and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) tissue in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases. IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications, visual acuity, mean defect of standard automated perimetry, and mean peripapillary RNFL thickness were retrospectively collected and followed up for 3 years after surgery. TE was performed in 104 eyes and DS in 183 eyes. Age, gender, laterality, IOP, number of medications, visual acuity, perimetry mean defect, and peripapillary RNFL thickness were equally distributed at baseline. Mean IOP decreased from 23.8 ± 1.4 mmHg and 23.1 ± 0.4 mmHg to 13.4 ± 0.6 mmHg (p < 0.001) and 15.4 ± 0.7 mmHg (p = 0.001) in the TE and DS groups, respectively. Mean defect remained stable (TE: −11.5 ± 0.9 dB to −12.0 ± 1.1 (p = 0.090); DS: −10.5 ± 0.9 dB to −11.0 ± 1.0 dB (p = 0.302)), while mean peripapillary RNFL thickness showed further deterioration during follow-up (TE group: 64.4 ± 2.1 μm to 59.7 ± 3.5 μm (p < 0.001); DS group: 64.9 ± 1.9 μm to 58.4 ± 2.1 μm (p < 0.001)). Both TE and DS were comparably effective concerning postoperative reduction in IOP and medication. However, glaucoma disease further progressed during follow-up.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection of Intermittent Demand for Spare Parts Based on Dual-Tailed Probability
Authors: Hong Kairong , Ren Yingying , Li Fengyuan , Mao Wentao , Liu Yangshuo
Published: January 2024

The quick development of machine learning techniques provides a superior capability for manufacturing enterprises to make effective decisions about inventory management based on spare parts demand (SPD) data. Since SPD sequences in practical maintenance applications usually show an intermittent distribution, it is not easy to represent the demand pattern of such sequences. Meanwhile, there are some aspects like manual report errors, environmental interference, sudden project changes, etc., that bring large and unexpected fluctuations to SPD sequences, i.e., anomalous demands. The inventory decision made based on the SPD sequences with anomalous demands is not trusted by enterprise engineers. For such SPD data, there are two great concerns, i.e., false alarms in which sparse demands are recognized to be anomalous and missing alarms in which the anomalous demands are categorized as normal due to their adjacent demands having extreme values. To address these concerns, a new unsupervised anomaly-detection method for intermittent time series is proposed based on a dual-tailed probability. First, the multi-way delay embedding transform (MDT) was applied on the raw SPD sequences to obtain higher-order tensors. Through Tucker tensor decomposition, the disturbance of extreme demands can be effectively reduced. For the reconstructed SPD sequences, then, the tail probability at each time point, as well as the empirical cumulative distribution function were calculated based on the probability of the demand occurrence. Second, to lessen the disturbance of sparse demand, the non-zero demand sequence was distilled from the raw SPD sequence, with the tail probability at each time point being calculated. Finally, the obtained dual-tailed probabilities were fused to determine the anomalous degree of each demand. The proposed method was validated on the two actual SPD datasets, which were collected from a large engineering manufacturing enterprise and a large vehicle manufacturing enterprise in China, respectively. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively lower the false alarm rate and missing alarm rate with no supervised information provided. The detection results were trustworthy enough and, more importantly, computationally inexpensive, showing significant applicability to large-scale after-sales parts management.
Expressway ETC Transaction Data Anomaly Detection Based on TL-XGBoost
Authors: Zou Fumin , Shi Rouyue , Luo Yongyu , Hu Zerong , Zhong Huan , Wang Weihai
Published: January 2024

China’s widely adopted expressway ETC system provides a feasible foundation for realizing co-operative vehicle–infrastructure integration, and the accuracy of ETC data, which forms the basis of this scheme, will directly affect the safety of driving. Therefore, this study focuses on the abnormal data in an expressway ETC system. This study combines road network topology data and capture data to mine the abnormal patterns of ETC data, and it designs an abnormal identification model for expressway transaction data based on TL-XGBoost. This model categorizes expressway ETC abnormal data into four distinct classes: missing detections, opposite lane detection, duplicated detection and reverse trajectory detection. ETC transaction data from a southeastern Chinese province were used for experimentation. The results validate the model’s effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 98.14%, a precision of 97.59%, a recall of 95.44%, and an F1-score of 96.49%. Furthermore, this study conducts an analysis and offers insights into the potential causes of anomalies in expressway ETC data.
Characteristics of Changes in Sap Flow-Based Transpiration of Poplars, Locust Trees, and Willows and Their Response to Environmental Impact Factors
Authors: Li Xing , Zhai Jiaqi , Sun Meng , Liu Kuan , Zhao Yong , Cao Yankun , Wang Yong
Published: January 2024

The sap flow and transpiration of three typical tree species (poplar, locust tree, and willow) in Ningxia are crucial for sustaining the ecosystem in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation area. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the variations in sap flow and transpiration of these trees and their corresponding responses to environmental factors. From February to December 2021, this study selected 30 samples representing the three typical trees in the irrigation area and monitored their tree sapwood sap flow continuously and dynamically using the Thermal Diffusion Probe method. This study yielded several key findings: (1) Variations exist in sap flow density and transpiration among the three typical trees, with willows exhibiting higher sap flow density and transpiration than poplars and locust trees. (2) Tree transpiration showed a highly significant positive correlation with net radiation, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit, along with a highly significant negative correlation with relative humidity. (3) Soil moisture content undergoes changes under precipitation and artificial drip irrigation, but its correlation with tree transpiration is limited. (4) The primary environmental factors influencing poplars, locust trees, and willows are temperature, soil moisture content at a depth of 30 cm, and soil moisture content at a depth of 60 cm.