bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of infective endocarditis involving a right coronary artery to superior vena cava fistula
Authors: Jariwala Ujjval , Hasan Rani K. , Thorn Eric M. , Zakaria Sammy
Published: July 2014

Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are rare and mostly congenital anomalous connections between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or great vessel. Most CAFs are small, asymptomatic, and found incidentally during cardiac imaging. However, they can lead to serious complications including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, or fistula rupture. CAFs have been associated with infective endocarditis, but to our knowledge, this complication has never been reported involving an isolated CAF to an otherwise anatomically normal great vessel. We report the first case of this complication in a 49‐year‐old man with a presumed streptococcus vegetation found within an isolated large, tortuous CAF connecting the right coronary artery to the superior vena cava. After completing antibiotic treatment, transcatheter closure of the CAF was performed. Since then, the patient has remained symptom‐free. This case demonstrates that CAF closure is feasible following CAF‐associated endocarditis, and that closure may represent a viable strategy for reducing risk of recurrent infection. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution and Reactivity of Active Oxygen Species on sp2@sp3 Core–Shell Carbon for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Wang Rui , Zhang Bingsen , Huang Rui , Huang Xing , Su Dang Sheng , Chen Tong , Miao Changxi , Yang Weimin
Published: July 2014

Different sp2@sp3 core–shell structures are obtained on nanodiamond by using annealing treatment at increasingly higher temperatures. The resulting nanocarbons can serve as model catalysts to investigate the structural effect on the evolution and chemical nature of oxygen functional groups for oxidative dehydrogenation reactions. We studied in situ reactions and characterization data and found that the initial existence of oxygen‐containing groups on a catalyst surface had a low contribution to the catalytic performance. The active oxygen species can be generated promptly in situ by the chemisorption of O2 under the reaction conditions and involved in catalytic dehydrogenation process following a redox mechanism. For different hybridized nanostructures, the same types of generated active oxygen groups show different catalytic capabilities, which can be regulated by the sp2‐hybridized carbon fraction of nanodiamond. The ketonic carbonyl groups formed on graphitic onion‐like carbon surface are more active and can improve the selectivity to alkenes significantly compared with the initial nanodiamond and traditional carbon nanotubes.
Analogies and Differences in Palladium‐Catalyzed CO/Styrene and Ethylene/Methyl Acrylate Copolymerization Reactions
Authors: Rosar Vera , Meduri Angelo , Montini Tiziano , Fini Francesco , Carfagna Carla , Fornasiero Paolo , Balducci Gabriele , Zangrando Ennio , Milani Barbara
Published: July 2014

The catalytic CO/styrene and ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymerizations are compared for the first time by applying the same precatalysts. With this aim, PdII neutral, [Pd(CH3)Cl(N–N)], and monocationic, [Pd(CH3)(L)(N–N)][PF6] (L=CH3CN, DMSO), complexes with 1‐naphthyl‐ and 2‐naphthyl‐substitued α‐diimines with both an acenaphthene and a diazabutadiene skeleton as chelating nitrogen‐donor ligands (N–N) have been studied. In the case of the complexes with the 1‐naphthyl‐substituted ligands, syn and anti isomers are found both in solid state and in solution. All the monocationic complexes generate active catalysts for the CO/styrene copolymerization leading to atactic or isotactic/atactic stereoblock copolymers depending on the ligand bonded to palladium. Instead, in the case of the ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymerization only the complexes with the 1‐naphthyl‐substituted ligands generate catalysts for this reaction.
Iridium‐Catalyzed H/D Exchange: Ligand Complexes with Improved Efficiency and Scope
Authors: Parmentier Michael , Hartung Thomas , Pfaltz Andreas , Muri Dieter
Published: July 2014

Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) is one of the most attractive tools for the introduction of deuterium or tritium to an organic compound. Herein, iridium complexes with N,P‐ligands, highly active catalysts for asymmetric double bond reductions, have been tested for their HIE capabilities. Electron‐rich ligands, containing dicyclohexylphosphines or phosphinites, have been identified as excellent ligands for efficient deuterium incorporation. Substrates with strong directing groups, that is, pyridines, ketones, and amides, as well as weak ligating units, such as, nitro, sulfones, and sulfonamides, could be labeled efficiently. With the addition of tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane to the reaction mixture, also highly deactivating nitrile substituents were well tolerated in the reaction. Based on the excellent results obtained with the chiral ThrePhox ligand, a structurally simpler, achiral ligand was developed. The iridium complex containing this ligand, proved to be a powerful catalyst for HIE reactions.
Highly Functionalized and Potent Antiviral Cyclopentane Derivatives Formed by a Tandem Process Consisting of Organometallic, Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed, and Radical Reaction Steps
Authors: Jagtap Pratap R. , Ford Leigh , Deister Elmar , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Hodek Jan , Weber Jan , Mackman Richard , Bahador Gina , Jahn Ullrich
Published: July 2014

A simple modular tandem approach to multiply substituted cyclopentane derivatives is reported, which succeeds by joining organometallic addition, conjugate addition, radical cyclization, and oxygenation steps. The key steps enabling this tandem process are the thus far rarely used isomerization of allylic alkoxides to enolates and single‐electron transfer to merge the organometallic step with the radical and oxygenation chemistry. This controlled lineup of multiple electronically contrasting reactive intermediates provides versatile access to highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives from very simple and readily available commodity precursors. The antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds was screened and a number of compounds showed potent activity against hepatitis C and dengue viruses.
Synthesis of meso‐Pyrrole‐Substituted 22‐Oxacorroles by a “3+2” Approach
Authors: Kalita Hemanta , Kalita Dhrubajyoti , Lee Way‐Zen , Bellare Jayesh , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: July 2014

Unsymmetrical 22‐oxacorrole containing two aryl groups and one pyrrole group at the meso position was synthesized by condensing one equivalent of 16‐oxatripyrrane with one equivalent of meso aryl dipyromethane under mild acid‐catalyzed conditions followed by oxidation with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ). This [3+2] condensation approach was expected to yield meso‐free 25‐oxasmaragdyrin but unexpectedly afforded unsymmetrical meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorrole. We demonstrated the versatility of the reaction by synthesizing four new meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorroles. The reactivity of α‐position of meso‐pyrrole was tested by carrying out various functionalization reactions such as bromination, formylation, and nitration and obtained the functionalized meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorroles in decent yields. The X‐ray structure obtained for one of the functionalized meso‐pyrrole substituted 22‐oxacorrole revealed that the macrocycle was nearly planar and the meso‐pyrrole was in the perpendicular orientation with respect to the macrocyclic plane. The meso‐pyrrole‐substituted 22‐oxacorroles absorb strongly in 400–700 nm region with one strong Soret band and four weak Q bands. The 22‐oxacorroles are strongly fluorescent and showed emission maxima at ≈650 nm with decent quantum yields and singlet‐state lifetimes. The 22‐oxacorroles are redox‐active and exhibited three irreversible oxidations and one or two reversible reduction(s). A preliminary biological study indicated that meso‐pyrrole corroles are biocompatible.
ChemInform Abstract: The Long Persistent Luminescence Properties of Phosphors: Li2ZnGeO4 and Li2ZnGeO4:Mn2+.
Authors: Jin Yahong , Hu Yihua , Duan He , Chen Li , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: July 2014

Li2Zn1‐xGeO4:xMn2+ (x = 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02) phosphors are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of Li2CO3, ZnO, MnCO3, and GeO2 (alumina crucibles, 1200 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Layered Copper Hydroxide with S = 1/2 Two‐Dimensional Triangular Lattice Magnetic Network, [Cu7(OH)12 (CH3CH2CO2)2] · (CH3CH2CO2H)2· (H2O)6.
Authors: Fujita Wataru , Kikuchi Koichi
Published: July 2014

Light blue plate‐like single crystals of the title compound are prepared by hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of (Et‐COO)2Cu·H2O (35—45 °C, 14 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Zr4+ Doping in Li4Ti5O12 Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Open Li+ Diffusion Paths Through Structural Imperfection.
Authors: Jeong Goojin , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

Zr‐doped Li4Ti5O12 nanofibers, obtained by electrospinning from EtOH/AcOH solutions containing LiOAc, Ti(O‐iPr)4, Zr(O‐Bu)4, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, are characterized by FESEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, plane‐wave self‐consistent field quantum chemical calculations, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Telluride Misfit Layer Compounds: [(PbTe)1.17]m(TiTe2)n.
Authors: Moore Daniel B. , Beekman Matt , Disch Sabrina , Johnson David C.
Published: July 2014

Telluride misfit layer compounds are reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis with a Tetracerium‐Containing Silicotungstate.
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Tang Fei , Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: July 2014

(Bu4N)6 [{Ce(H2O)}2{Ce(MeCN)}2 (μ4‐O)(γ‐SiW10O36)2] ·4H2O is synthesized by reaction of (Bu4N)4H4 [γ‐SiW10O36] with Ce(acac)3 in acetone in the presence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (25 °C, 5 h, 92% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Nickel Selenate Templated by Piperazine: Chemical Preparation, Crystal Structure, Thermal Decomposition, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Nkhili Nouha Loulou , Rekik Walid , Naili Houcine
Published: July 2014

Single crystals of (H2pip) [Ni(H2O)6](SeO4)2 (pip: piperazine) are prepared by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution of NiCO3, piperazine, and H2SeO4 in a 1:1:2 molar ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of Korupensamines A, B and Michellamine B by Asymmetric Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Xu Guangqing , Fu Wenzhen , Liu Guodu , Senanayake Chris H. , Tang Wenjun
Published: July 2014

Application of this method is demonstrated by the total synthesis of both isomers of Korupensamine (XIII) with inverse axial chirality and the heterodimerization product Michellamine (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanum Triflate—Catalyzed Rapid Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide Urea Adduct (UHP) in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Saluja Pooja , Magoo Devanshi , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: July 2014

A mild, efficient and green procedure for the oxidation of a variety of 1,2‐diols, α‐hydroxyketones, and aromatic as well as aliphatic secondary alcohols to corresponding ketones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel C1‐Symmetric Dibenzophosphole Ligands: Application in Hydroformylation Reactions.
Authors: Oukhrib Abdelhouad , Bonnafoux Laurence , Panossian Armen , Waifang Sandrine , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Urrutigoity Martine , Colobert Francoise , Gouygou Maryse , Leroux Frederic R.
Published: July 2014

A series of dibenzophosphole ligands are screened for Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation reactions of styrenes and 1‐octene.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancing the Reactivity of Dimethylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates via Cross Metathesis.
Authors: Vriesen Matt R. , Grover Huck K. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: July 2014

Cross metathesis of title substrates (I) with a variety of olefins gives the corresponding E‐vinylcyclopropane derivatives as main or sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Wittig Olefination Reactions of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Trifluoromethylketones.
Authors: Sha Qiang , Wei Yunyang
Published: July 2014

In reactions of ketone derived N‐tosylhydrazones only low yields are achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: (EtO)3SiH‐Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Olefins: Convenient Synthesis of Internal Alkenes from Terminal Alkenes.
Authors: Bai Xing‐Feng , Song Tao , Deng Wen‐Hui , Wei Yun‐Long , Li Li , Xia Chun‐Gu , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: July 2014

Triethoxysilane plays a key role in the palladium‐catalyzed isomerization of terminal alkenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nanoparticles as New and Effective Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics.
Authors: Lara Patricia , Suarez Andres , Colliere Vincent , Philippot Karine , Chaudret Bruno
Published: July 2014

Functional groups such as hydroxy, benzyloxy, carbonyl, cyano, and halogens are tolerated under the present reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust Heterogeneous Nickel Catalysts with Tailored Porosity for the Selective Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers.
Authors: Zaheer Muhammad , Hermannsdoerfer Justus , Kretschmer Winfried P. , Motz Guenter , Kempe Rhett
Published: July 2014

SiC materials with tailored porosity and integrated Ni‐nanoparticles are synthesized and their catalytic activity for the hydrogenolytic cleavage of different phenyl ethers is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloro‐Ruthenium Complexes with Carbonyl and N‐(Aryl)pyridine‐2‐aldimines as Ancillary Ligands. Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application in C—C Cross‐Coupling of Arylaldehydes with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Dey Bikash Kali , Dutta Jayita , Drew Michael G. B. , Bhattacharya Samaresh
Published: July 2014

Five new ruthenium complexes are synthesized and their structural characterization is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Pd/Au‐Catalyzed Route to α‐Sulfenylated Carbonyl Compounds from Terminal Propargylic Alcohols and Thiols.
Authors: Biswas Srijit , Watile Rahul A. , Samec Joseph S. M.
Published: July 2014

The reaction is proposed to proceed through a Pd‐catalyzed regioselective hydrothiolation at the terminal triple bond followed by an Au‐catalyzed 1,2‐hydride migration.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfonyl (E)‐Stilbenes by Nitrobenzene‐Mediated Dimerizative Desulfonation of Benzylic Sulfones.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Chen Yi‐Chia , Lin Shin‐Ying , Chan Chieh‐Kai
Published: July 2014

No dimerization is observed when alkyl sulfonates are used.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly Functionalization of Natural Halloysite Clay Nanotube with Ionic Liquids by Microwave Irradiation for Suzuki Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Massaro Marina , Riela Serena , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Milioto Stefana , Noto Renato , Lazzara Giuseppe
Published: July 2014

The synthesis and characterisation of the catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions of Cyrhetrenylphosphines; Applications in Palladium Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Sierra Diego , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Gladysz John A. , Klahn A. Hugo
Published: July 2014

The syntheses of four rhenium‐containing mono‐ and diphosphines are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Electron‐Transfer‐Induced Coupling of Arylzinc Reagents with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides.
Authors: Shirakawa Eiji , Tamakuni Fumiko , Kusano Eugene , Uchiyama Nanase , Konagaya Wataru , Watabe Ryo , Hayashi Tamio
Published: July 2014

The reaction proceeds through a single electron transfer mechanism and is suitable for a wide range of functionalized substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Novel Fluorine‐Insertion Organocatalyst.
Authors: Wang Yanan , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: July 2014

A novel fluorinated pyrrolidine is synthesized starting from 4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Carboalkoxylations of 2‐Ethynylbenzyl Ethers to Form 1‐ and 2‐Indanones Chemoselectively: Effects of Ligands and Solvents.
Authors: Wang Chiou‐Dong , Hsieh Yi‐Feng , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: July 2014

By proper choice of gold‐catalyst and solvent most 2‐ethynylbenzyl ethers can be cyclized to either 1‐indanones or 2‐indanones in good to excellent selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of New Pyrazolino[60]fullerenes with Fluorenyl and Fluorinated Phenyl Substituents.
Authors: Zhang Jianmin , Shen Subo , He Shanshan , Cheng Haonan , Xu Changrui , Deng Hongmei
Published: July 2014

The photophysical properties of the compounds are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: An Innovative and Atom‐Efficient Synthesis of Bioactive 2‐Aroylfuran Derivatives Using Macroporous Polymer‐Supported Cyanide.
Authors: Mouradzadegun Arash , Abadast Fatemeh
Published: July 2014

An operationally simple and safe procedure is developed for the synthesis of 2‐aroylfuran derivatives via treatment of triarylpyrylium perchlorates with a cyanide‐containing resin.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C6 Functionalization of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles by Scandium Triflate.
Authors: Liu Hua , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li
Published: July 2014

A selective direct C6 functionalization of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles using aziridines as substrates is presented along with mechanistic investigations that support the observed selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated Highly Regioselective Intramolecular Cyclization for the Synthesis of β‐Lapachone.
Authors: You Qidong , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

The efficient and mild procedure is scalable and has potential for the production of (II) on an industrial scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of Soybean Phytoalexin Glyceollin I.
Authors: Kohno Yuta , Koso Masatsugu , Kuse Masaki , Takikawa Hirosato
Published: July 2014

Compound (I), a key intermediate for the synthesis of title compound (II) is prepared in three steps and 40% overall yield from 3‐benzyloxyphenol.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Mediated Direct Aryl C—H Halogenation: A Strategy to Control Mono‐ and Di‐Selectivity.
Authors: Du Zhi‐Jun , Gao Lian‐Xun , Lin Ying‐Jie , Han Fu‐She
Published: July 2014

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the copper mediated ortho‐selective mono‐ and dihalogenation of 2‐phenylpyridines using acyl hypohalites, generated in situ from carboxylic acids and N‐halosuccinimides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Novel 1,2,4‐Triazolo[3,4‐a]phthalazine Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Qiu‐Rong , Xue Deng‐Qi , He Peng , Shao Kun‐Peng , Chen Peng‐Ju , Gu Yi‐Fei , Ren Jing‐Li , Shan Li‐Hong , Liu Hong‐Min
Published: July 2014

12 Title compounds are prepared and tested for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Mediated Three‐Component Cascade Reaction: An Effective Approach to the Construction of Highly Functionalized Pyrrolo[1,2‐c]quinazolinones.
Authors: Zheng Hu‐Fei , Yu Zhi‐Hua , Yuan Wei , Tang Zi‐Long , Clough John , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Shi De‐Qing
Published: July 2014

An unexpected FeCl3‐mediated three‐component cascade reaction providing access to highly functionalized pyrroloquinazolinones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐1,2‐oxazepin‐5(2H)‐ones and 2,3‐Dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones from β‐Substituted β‐Hydroxyaminoaldehydes.
Authors: Ranade Adwait R. , Georg Gunda I.
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of several different substituted representatives of the title compounds is presented from easy accessible chiral β‐amino aldehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Limonoids from the Leaves of Soymida febrifuga and Their Insect Antifeedant Activities.
Authors: Yadav P. Ashok , Suresh G. , Rao M. Suri Appa , Shankaraiah G. , Usha Rani P. , Babu K. Suresh
Published: July 2014

3 New phragmalin‐type limonoids (I), (II), and (III) are isolated from the leaves of Soymida febrifuga together with 13 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of the Fungal Metabolites Boletopsins 7 (Ia), 11 (Ib), and 12 (Ic) from the Papua New Guinea Medicinal Mushroom Boletopsis sp.
Authors: Beekman Andrew M. , Barrow Russell A.
Published: July 2014

The title compounds (I) show weak antibiotic activity against a panel of human pathogenic bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth, Thermal Properties and Laser Operation of a New Disordered Crystal: Nd‐Doped Sr3La2(BO3)4.
Authors: Pan Zhongben , Cai Huaqiang , Huang Hui , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Wang Jiyang
Published: July 2014

A single crystal of Sr3La2(BO3)4:0.5 at.%Nd (orthorhombic, space group Pnma) is grown by the Czochralski method.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Electrochemical Synthesis of NdNi5 Hydrogen Storage Alloy in Molten Salt.
Authors: Ji Hyun Sub , Ryu Hyo Yeol , Jeong Sang Mun , Cho Sung‐Wook
Published: July 2014

NdNi5 alloy with 1600 ppm oxygen content is prepared with 50% current efficiency by electrochemical reduction of a stoichiometric mixture of Nd2O3 and NiO in molten LiCl (3.2 V cell voltage, 750 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Applications of Multimetallic Salen Complexes
Authors: Clarke Ryan M. , Storr Tim
Published: July 2014

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biaryls Through Aromatic C—H Bond Activation: A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Hussain Ibrar , Singh Tripti
Published: July 2014

Review: [111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of π‐Conjugated Cyclic Esters and Amides from Alkynes and Carbonyl Reagents
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: July 2014

Review: [33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Chemistry of Dendrimers
Authors: Sowinska Marta , Urbanczyk‐Lipkowska Zofia
Published: July 2014

Review: [121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylamines and 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles: A Versatile Combination for Controlling the Charge Balance in Organic Electronics
Authors: Dumur Frederic , Goubard Fabrice
Published: July 2014

Review: [66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategic Innovation in the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Products Using Gold Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Yun , Luo Tuoping , Yang Zhen
Published: July 2014

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyketide Construction via Hydrohydroxyalkylation and Related Alcohol C‐H Functionalizations. Reinventing the Chemistry of Carbonyl Addition
Authors: Dechert‐Schmitt Anne‐Marie R. , Schmitt Daniel C. , Gao Xin , Itoh Takahiko , Krische Michael J.
Published: July 2014

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐Markovnikov Oxidation and Hydration of Terminal Olefins
Authors: Guo Jiayi , Teo Peili
Published: July 2014

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Scavenging of Organic C‐Centered Radicals by Nitroxides
Authors: Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Marque Sylvain R. A.
Published: July 2014

Review: 259 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Negishi Coupling: An Easy Progress for C—C Bond Construction in Total Synthesis
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Hashemi Elaheh , Nazari Niousha
Published: July 2014

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of the Divinylcyclopropane‐cycloheptadiene Rearrangement in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Krueger Sebastian , Gaich Tanja
Published: July 2014

Review: 231 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition‐Based Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: July 2014

Review: [19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Organosulfides Using Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Substitution Reactions: To Construct Exergonic Reactions Employing Metal Inorganic and Organic Co‐Substrate/Co‐Product Methods
Authors: Arisawa Mieko
Published: July 2014

Review: [43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinones Based Molecular Receptors for Recognition of Anions and Metal Ions
Authors: Saini Rajnish , Kaur Navneet , Kumar Subodh
Published: July 2014

Review: [178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Unsubstituted β‐Hydroxy Acids
Authors: Spengler Jan , Albericio Fernando
Published: July 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetry and the Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lubensky Tom C.
Published: July 2014

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Snapshot of Antidepressants at Work: The Structure of Neurotransmitter Transporter Proteins
Authors: Cuboni Serena , Hausch Felix
Published: July 2014

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview of Lignocellulose: Structure and Chemistry
Authors: Ding Shi‐You
Published: July 2014

Review: 24 refs.
Rh2(S‐1,2‐NTTL)4: A Novel Rh2(S‐PTTL)4 Analog With Lower Ligand Symmetry for Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopropylphosphonates
Authors: Adly Frady G. , Maddalena Johncarlo , Ghanem Ashraf
Published: July 2014

A new series of dirhodium(II) tetracarboxylate was derived from N‐1,2‐naphthaloyl‐(S)‐amino acid ligands. In terms of enantioselectivity, Rh2(S‐1,2‐NTTL)4 (3a) derived from N‐1,2‐naphthaloyl‐(S)‐tert‐leucine, was the best‐performing catalyst among the new series in the enantioselective synthesis of cyclopropylphosphonate derivatives (up to >99% enantiomeric excess). A predictive model was proposed to justify the observed high enantiomeric induction exhibited by Rh2(S‐1,2‐NTTL)4 with donor‐acceptor phosphonate carbenoids. Chirality 26:764–774, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Performance of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Water Lettuce (Pista stratiotes) in Preventing Nutrients Build‐up in Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Ismail Zubaidah , Othman Siti Zulaikha , Law Kim Hing , Sulaiman Abdul Halim , Hashim Roslan
Published: July 2014

Studies on removal of nutrients from domestic wastewater using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pista stratiotes) were conducted. The plants were grown in 68 L of wastewater with 21‐day retention period in fiber‐glass tanks with another similar tank as control. Eichhornia crassipes performed better than P. stratiotes in reducing the concentrations of nitrate‐nitrogen and ortho‐phosphates while P. stratiotes performed better than E. crassipes in reducing the concentrations of ammoniacal‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) and nitrite‐nitrogen. On average, E. crassipes reduced the NH4‐N concentration by 72%, P. stratiotes reduced the concentration by 83% and the concentration in the control was reduced by 95%. On average, E. crassipes reduced the phosphate concentration by 55%, P. stratiotes reduced the concentration by 60% and the concentration in the control increased by 28%. Algae significantly reduced the concentration of NH4‐N.
Evaluation of Gas‐Phase Filter Performance for a Gas Mixture
Authors: Khazraei Vizhemehr Ali , Haghighat Fariborz , Lee Chang‐Seo , Kholafaei Hamid , Lakdawala Ness
Published: July 2014

Adsorption‐based granular activated carbon (GAC) filter is one of the common techniques for removing gas phase contaminants. However, a large group of gas phase contaminants is present in indoor environment and limited studies have been carried out to investigate the impact of contaminants type, their mixture and indoor air humidity on the GAC performance. This paper reports the outcomes of a series of experimental work which was carried out on a full‐scale system to study the impact of gas phase contaminant type (toluene,n‐hexane, and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)), their mixture, and indoor air relative humidity (RH) level on the performance of GAC filter. It was observed that the GAC filter performed well in removing toluene in both scenarios (single and mixture) due to its high molecular weight, boiling point, and polarizability to ion formation with the GAC, followed byn‐hexane and MEK. It was also noted that the GAC filter did not perform well in removing MEK due to its weak attractive forces with GAC as compare ton‐hexane and toluene. Among the different physical properties of indoor contaminant, removal performance and service life of the tested GAC filter were positively correlated to the contaminant molecular weight. In addition, the lower dipole moment and interaction energy made the adverse effects of indoor air RH onn‐hexane more visible than toluene and MEK. Finally, a significant difference was observed between quantification indexes of the filter in removing indoor air contaminants as a single gas and as a mixture gas. The removal efficiency of GAC filter for the mixture was significantly reduced compared to those for the single gases due to the presence of other compounds in gas mixture competing for the same free space on carbon media.
Toward New Fuel Cell Support Materials: A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Seo Min Ho , Choi Sung Mook , Lim Eun Ja , Kwon In Hye , Seo Joon Kyo , Noh Seung Hyo , Kim Won Bae , Han Byungchan
Published: July 2014

Nano‐scale Pt particles are often reported to be more electrochemically active and stable in a fuel cell if properly displaced on support materials; however, the factors that affect their activity and stability are not well understood. We applied first‐principles calculations and experimental measurements to well‐defined model systems of N‐doped graphene supports (N‐GNS) to reveal the fundamental mechanisms that control the catalytic properties and structural integrity of nano‐scale Pt particles. DFT calculations predict thermodynamic and electrochemical interactions between N‐GNS and Pt nanoparticles in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Moreover, the dissolution potentials of the Pt nanoparticles supported on GNS and N‐GNS catalysts are calculated under acidic conditions. Our results provide insight into the design of new support materials for enhanced catalytic efficiency and long‐term stability.
Diabetes mellitus: influences on cancer risk
Authors: Szablewski Leszek
Published: July 2014

Diabetes mellitus and cancer are common conditions, and their co‐diagnosis in the same individual is not infrequent. The relative risks associated with type 2 diabetes are greater than twofold for hepatic, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers. The relative risk is somewhat lower, at 1.2–1.5‐fold for colorectal, breast, and bladder cancers. In comparison, the relative risk of lung cancer is less than 1. The evidence for other malignancies (e.g. kidney, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma) is inconclusive, whereas prostatic cancer occurs less frequently in male patients with diabetes. The potential biologic links between the two diseases are incompletely understood. Evidence from observational studies suggests that some medications used to treat hyperglycemia are associated with either increased or reduced risk of cancer. Whereas anti‐diabetic drugs have a minor influence on cancer risk, drugs used to treat cancer may either cause diabetes or worsen pre‐existing diabetes. If hyperinsulinemia acts as a critical link between the observed increased cancer risk and type 2 diabetes, one would predict that patients with type 1 diabetes would have a different cancer risk pattern than patients with type 2 diabetes because the former patients are exposed to lower levels of exogenous administered insulin. Obtained results showed that patients with type 1 diabetes had elevated risks of cancers of the stomach, cervix, and endometrium. Type 1 diabetes is associated with a modest excess cancer risk overall and risks of specific cancers that differ from those associated with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of the neurokinin 3 receptor promotes filopodia growth and sprouting in rat embryonic hypothalamic cells
Authors: Flynn Francis W. , Kinney‐Lang Eli , Hoekstra Chelsea , Pratt Donald L. , Thakar Amit
Published: July 2014

Members of the tachykinin family have trophic effects on developing neurons. The tachykinin neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) appears early in embryonic development; during the peak birthdates of hypothalamic neurons, but its involvement in neural development has not been examined. To address its possible role, immortalized embryonic hypothalamic neurons (CLU209) were treated with CellMask, a plasma membrane stain, or the membranes were imaged in CLU209 cells that were transfected with a pEGFP‐NK3R expression vector. Nontransfected cells and transfected cells were then treated with senktide, a NK3R agonist, or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and time‐lapse confocal images were captured for the following 30 min. Compared to DMEM, senktide treatment led to filopodia initiation from the soma of both nontransfected and transfected CLU209 cells. These filopodia had diameters and lengths of approximately 200 nm and 3 µm, respectively. Pretreatment with an IP3 receptor blocker, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB), prevented the senktide‐induced growth in filopodia; demonstrating that NK3R‐induced outgrowth of filopodia likely involves the release of intracellular calcium. Exposure of transfected CLU209 cells to senktide for 24 h led to further growth of filopodia and processes that extended 10–20 µm. A mathematical model, composed of a linear and population model was developed to account for the dynamics of filopodia growth during a timescale of minutes. The results suggest that the ligand‐induced activation of NK3R affects early developmental processes by initiating filopodia formation that are a prerequisite for neuritogenesis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 12–22, 2015
Wildlife road traffic accidents: a standardized protocol for counting flattened fauna
Authors: Collinson Wendy J. , Parker Daniel M. , Bernard Ric T. F. , Reilly Brian K. , Davies‐Mostert Harriet T.
Published: July 2014

Previous assessments of wildlife road mortality have not used directly comparable methods and, at present, there is no standardized protocol for the collection of such data. Consequently, there are no internationally comparative statistics documenting roadkill rates. In this study, we used a combination of experimental trials and road transects to design a standardized protocol to assess roadkill rates on both paved and unpaved roads. Simulated roadkill were positioned over a 1 km distance, and trials were conducted at eight different speeds (20–100 km·h−1). The recommended protocol was then tested on a 100‐km transect, driven daily over a 40‐day period. This recorded 413 vertebrate roadkill, comprising 106 species. We recommend the protocol be adopted for future road ecology studies to enable robust statistical comparisons between studies.
How the cascading effects of a single behavioral trait can generate personality
Authors: Dubois Frédérique , Giraldeau Luc‐Alain
Published: July 2014

Individuals from the same population generally vary in suites of correlated behavioral traits: personality. Yet, the strength of the behavioral correlations sometimes differs among populations and environmental conditions, suggesting that single underlying mechanisms, such as genetic constraints, cannot account for them. We propose, instead, that such suites of correlated traits may arise when a single key behavior has multiple cascading effects on several other behaviors through affecting the range of options available. For instance, an individual's shyness can constrain its habitat choice, which, in turn, could restrict the expression of other behavioral traits. We hypothesize that shy individuals should be especially restrained in their choice of habitat when the risk of predation is high, which then canalizes them into different behavioral options making them appear behaviorally distinct from bolder individuals. We test this idea using an individual‐based simulation model. Our results show that individual differences in boldness can be sufficient, under high predation pressure, to generate behavioral correlations between boldness and both the tendency to aggregate and the propensity to use social information. Thus, our findings support the idea that some behavioral syndromes can be, at least to some extent, labile. Our model further predicts that such cascading effects should be more pronounced in populations with a long history of predation, which are expected to exhibit a low average boldness level, compared with predator‐naïve populations.
Can patterns of chromosome inversions in Drosophila pseudoobscura predict polyandry across a geographical cline?
Authors: Herrera Paul , Taylor Michelle L. , Skeats Alison , Price Tom A. R. , Wedell Nina
Published: July 2014

Female multiple mating, known as polyandry, is ubiquitous and occurs in a wide variety of taxa. Polyandry varies greatly from species in which females mate with one or two males in their lifetime to species in which females may mate with several different males on the same day. As multiple mating by females is associated with costs, numerous hypotheses attempt to explain this phenomenon. One hypothesis not extensively explored is the possibility that polyandrous behavior is captured and “fixed” in populations via genetic processes that preserve the behavior independently of any adaptive benefit of polyandry. Here, we use female isolines derived from populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura from three locations in North America to examine whether different female remating levels are associated with patterns of chromosome inversions, which may explain patterns of polyandry across the geographic range. Populations differed with respect to the frequency of polyandry and the presence of inversion polymorphisms on the third chromosome. The population with the lowest level of female remating was the only one that was entirely comprised of homokaryotypic lines, but the small number of populations prevented us investigating this relationship further at a population level. However, we found no strong relationship between female remating levels and specific karyotypes of the various isolines.
Assessing seasonal drought stress response in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) by monitoring stem circumference and sap flow
Authors: Ježík Marek , Blaženec Miroslav , Letts Matthew G. , Ditmarová Ľubica , Sitková Zuzana , Střelcová Katarína
Published: July 2014

Summer drought frequency is expected to increase with climate change in forested regions of Europe. To examine the physiological impacts of low soil moisture on Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], we conducted an irrigation experiment in a Norway spruce‐dominated forest. We monitored sap flow (Qs), stem circumference and soil water potential (Ψw), measured needle water potential (Ψl), and estimated potential evapotranspiration (PET) in control and irrigated plots. Soil water availability influenced the response of Qs to PET and the impact of Qs on maximum daily stem shrinkage (MDS). The positive relationship between Qs and PET was constrained below a threshold Ψw near −0.3 MPa. MDS was higher beyond this threshold, for a given value of Qs. Higher MDS and lower tree water status (ΔW) were observed at low Ψw in control plants, suggesting the lower water potential of stems' conducting tissues. Stem circumference increase (SCI) was 62% lower in control trees following the irrigation treatment. Slight SCI recovery was observed in these trees in response to early autumn rainfall, which caused ΔW to return to its predrought state. The results demonstrate that low water availability not only reduced Qs, ΔW, SCI, Ψl and increased MDS but also altered their mutual relations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary gluten increases natural killer cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion
Authors: Larsen Jesper , Dall Morten , Antvorskov Julie Christine , Weile Christian , Engkilde Kåre , Josefsen Knud , Buschard Karsten
Published: July 2014

Dietary gluten influences the development of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and biobreeding rats, and has been shown to influence a wide range of immunological factors in the pancreas and gut. In the present study, the effects of gluten on NK cells were studied in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that gliadin increased direct cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ secretion from murine splenocytes and NK cells toward the pancreatic beta‐cell line MIN6 cells. Additionally, stimulation of MIN6 cells led to a significantly increased proportion of degranulating C57BL/6 CD107a+ NK cells. Stimulation of C57BL/6 pancreatic islets with gliadin significantly increased secretion of IL‐6 more than ninefold. In vivo, the gluten‐containing diet led to a higher expression of NKG2D and CD71 on NKp46+ cells in all lymphoid organs in BALB/c and NOD mice compared with the gluten‐free diet. Collectively, our data suggest that dietary gluten increases murine NK‐cell activity against pancreatic beta cells. This mechanism may contribute to development of type 1 diabetes and explain the higher disease incidence associated with gluten intake in NOD mice.
Stimuli‐Responsive Dynamic Gold Complexes
Authors: Jobbágy Csaba , Deák Andrea
Published: July 2014

The role of noncovalent interactions is reviewed in the context of the stimuli‐responsive behaviour of gold(I) and gold–heterometal complexes. These noncovalent interactions are often highly sensitive to physical (thermal, optical, electrical, mechanical, etc.) or chemical (solvents, guests, etc.) stimuli, which trigger alterations in molecular and crystal structures that lead to dynamic changes in the macroscopic properties of gold compounds. In this microreview, we have summarized some representative examples of gold(I) complexes that exhibit intriguing stimuli‐responsive properties such as thermochromic, mechanochromic, vapochromic and solvatochromic luminescence, as well as vapochromism and gas sorption. Stimuli‐responsive functional materials with specific properties have potential uses in various applications including chemical sensors, memory, data storage, security inks and separation technologies.
Astrocyte transforming growth factor beta 1 promotes inhibitory synapse formation via CaM kinase II signaling
Authors: Diniz Luan Pereira , Tortelli Vanessa , Garcia Matheus Nunes , Araújo Ana Paula Bérgamo , Melo Helen M. , Seixas da Silva Gisele S. , De Felice Fernanda G. , Alves‐Leon Soniza Vieira , de Souza Jorge Marcondes , Romão Luciana Ferreira , Castro Newton Gonçalves , Gomes Flávia Carvalho Alcantara
Published: July 2014

The balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs is critical for the control of brain function. Astrocytes play important role in the development and maintenance of neuronal circuitry. Whereas astrocytes‐derived molecules involved in excitatory synapses are recognized, molecules and molecular mechanisms underlying astrocyte‐induced inhibitory synapses remain unknown. Here, we identified transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1), derived from human and murine astrocytes, as regulator of inhibitory synapse in vitro and in vivo. Conditioned media derived from human and murine astrocytes induce inhibitory synapse formation in cerebral cortex neurons, an event inhibited by pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of the TGF‐β pathway. TGF‐β1‐induction of inhibitory synapse depends on glutamatergic activity and activation of CaM kinase II, which thus induces localization and cluster formation of the synaptic adhesion protein, Neuroligin 2, in inhibitory postsynaptic terminals. Additionally, intraventricular injection of TGF‐β1 enhanced inhibitory synapse number in the cerebral cortex. Our results identify TGF‐β1/CaMKII pathway as a novel molecular mechanism underlying astrocyte control of inhibitory synapse formation. We propose here that the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs might be provided by astrocyte signals, at least partly achieved via TGF‐β1 downstream pathways. Our work contributes to the understanding of the GABAergic synapse formation and may be of relevance to further the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the development of various neurological disorders, which commonly involve impairment of inhibitory synapse transmission. GLIA 2014;62:1917–1931
Assisted dying in dementia: a systematic review of the international literature on the attitudes of health professionals, patients, carers and the public, and the factors associated with these
Authors: Tomlinson Emily , Stott Joshua
Published: July 2014

Background

Assisted death and dementia is a controversial topic that, in recent years, has been subject to considerable clinical, ethical and political debate.

Objective

This paper reviews the international literature on attitudes towards assisted dying in dementia and considers the factors associated with these.

Design

A systematic literature search was conducted in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, PsychINFO and Web of Science between 1992 and August 2013. Electronic and hand searches identified 118 potential relevant studies. Eighteen studies met the full inclusion criteria and were screened using a quality assessment tool.

Results

Health professionals hold more restrictive views towards assisted dying, which appear less affected by their cultural background, than the public, patients and carers. However, opinions within each population vary according to dementia severity and issues of capacity, as well as differing according to factors such as age, ethnicity, gender and religion of those surveyed. There also appears to be a trend towards more accepting attitudes over time.

Conclusions

Sociodemographic factors can influence attitudes towards assisted dying. The impact of these, however, may also differ according to the population surveyed. The findings from this review can contribute to current debates and inform clinical practice and future research in this area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated stimulation of dopamine D1‐like receptor and hyperactivation of mTOR signaling lead to generalized seizures, altered dentate gyrus plasticity, and memory deficits
Authors: Gangarossa Giuseppe , Ceolin Laura , Paucard Alexia , Lerner‐Natoli Mireille , Perroy Julie , Fagni Laurent , Valjent Emmanuel
Published: July 2014

The acute activation of the dopamine D1‐like receptors (D1R) is involved in a plethora of functions ranging from increased locomotor activity to the facilitation of consolidation, storage, and retrieval of memories. Although much less characterized, epileptiform activities, usually triggered by disruption of the glutamate and GABA balance, have also been reported to involve the dopaminergic transmission. Using a combination of biochemical, immunohistochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches we have investigated the consequences of repeated stimulation of D1R using the selective D1R‐like agonist SKF81297. Here, we report that repeated systemic administration of SKF81297 induces kindled seizures in mice. These seizure episodes parallel the hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling in the hippocampus, leading to disrupted long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) and altered recognition memories. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin delays the development of SKF81297‐induced kindled seizures, and rescues LTP in the DG and object recognition. Our results show that repeated stimulation of D1R is sufficient to induce generalized seizures leading to the overactivation of mTOR signaling, disrupted hippocampal plasticity, and impaired long‐term recognition memories. This work highlights the interest of mTOR inhibitors as therapeutic strategies to reverse plasticity and cognitive deficits. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.