bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii improves the quality of tea dregs for use as feed additives
Authors: Cui Yiyan , Li Jiazhou , Deng Dun , Lu Huijie , Tian Zhimei , Liu Zhichang , Ma Xianyong
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the ability of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii to improve the quality of tea dregs (TDs) through solid-state fermentation as well as the value of the fermented tea dregs (FTDs) produced for use as bio-feed additives. After fermentation, FTDs differed in color and structure. Fermentation with A. niger and T. koningii increased the contents of crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of TDs. Compared to the unfermented group, the contents of reducing sugar, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, and theasaponins were increased in A. niger FTDs, while in T. koningii FTDs caffeine was completely degraded, the theasaponins were lower, and the contents of reducing sugar and caffeine higher. Regarding free amino acids, A. niger FTDs had the highest content of total amino acids, total essential amino acids, total non-essential amino acids, total aromatic amino acids, total branched-chain amino acids, and total non-protein amino acids, and all types of essential amino acids, followed by T. koningii FTDs and the control TDs. Fungal fermentation had similar effects on the content of various hydrolytic amino acids as those on above free amino acids, and increased the content of bitter and umami components. The composition of essential amino acids of TDs or FTDs was similar to that of the standard model, except for sulfur-containing amino acids and isoleucine. Solid-state fermentation with A. niger and T. koningii effectively improved the nutritional value of TDs, increased the contents of functional substances, and improved the flavor of TDs. This study demonstrated a feasible approach to utilize TDs that not only increases animal feed resources, but also reduces the production of resource waste and pollution.
An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms
Authors: Eckstrand Chrissy D. , Baldwin Thomas J. , Rood Kerry A. , Clayton Michael J. , Lott Jason K. , Wolking Rebecca M. , Bradway Daniel S. , Baszler Timothy
Published: November 2021

The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred on five mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality (35–55% of adult mink) and rapid viral transmission between animals. The premise and clinical disease information, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink during the early phase of the outbreak are provided. Infection spread rapidly between independently housed animals and farms, and caused severe respiratory disease and death. Disease indicators were most notably sudden death, anorexia, and increased respiratory effort. Gross pathology examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically there was pulmonary edema with moderate vasculitis, perivasculitis, and fibrinous interstitial pneumonia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in multiple organs including nasal turbinates, lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, epithelial surfaces, and others. Localization of viral RNA by in situ hybridization revealed a more localized infection, particularly of the upper respiratory tract. Whole genome sequencing from multiple mink was consistent with published SARS-CoV-2 genomes with few polymorphisms. The Utah mink SARS-CoV-2 strains fell into Clade GH, which is unique among mink and other animal strains sequenced to date. While sharing the N501T mutation which is common in mink, the Utah strains did not share other spike RBD mutations Y453F and F486L found in nearly all mink from the United States. Mink in the outbreak reported herein had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract associated with symptomatic respiratory disease and death.
DNA double strand break position leads to distinct gene expression changes and regulates VSG switching pathway choice
Authors: Thivolle Alix , Mehnert Ann-Kathrin , Tihon Eliane , McLaughlin Emilia , Dujeancourt-Henry Annick , Glover Lucy
Published: November 2021

Antigenic variation is an immune evasion strategy used by Trypanosoma brucei that results in the periodic exchange of the surface protein coat. This process is facilitated by the movement of variant surface glycoprotein genes in or out of a specialized locus known as bloodstream form expression site by homologous recombination, facilitated by blocks of repetitive sequence known as the 70-bp repeats, that provide homology for gene conversion events. DNA double strand breaks are potent drivers of antigenic variation, however where these breaks must fall to elicit a switch is not well understood. To understand how the position of a break influences antigenic variation we established a series of cell lines to study the effect of an I-SceI meganuclease break in the active expression site. We found that a DNA break within repetitive regions is not productive for VSG switching, and show that the break position leads to a distinct gene expression profile and DNA repair response which dictates how antigenic variation proceeds in African trypanosomes.
Jarduera fisikoa, guztion osasuna eta ongizatea hobetzeko tresna
Authors: Irazusta Jon , Sanz Begoña , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana
Published: November 2021

Nazio Batuen Garapen Jasangarrirako 2030 Agendaren hirugarren helburua guztiontzat eta adin guztie- tan bizimodu osasungarria bermatzea eta ongizatea sustatzea da. Osasunaren Mundu Erakundearen arabera, jarduera fisikoa munduko hilkortasun-arriskua murrizten duen faktore garrantzitsuetako bat da. Lan honen helburua honako hau da: jarduera fisikoak eta haren modu egituratuak —hots, ariketa fisikoak— pertsona ororentzat dituen onurak laburbiltzea eta pertsona nagusietan eta populazio zaurgarrienetan dituen eraginetan sakontzea. Gaur egun, jakina da jarduera fisikoa eta ariketa fi- sikoa eraginkorrak direla gaixotasun kroniko nagusien prebentzioan eta tratamenduan. Aldi berean, pertsonen ongizatea eta bizi-kalitatea hobetzen laguntzen dute. Oro har, ikertzaileak bat datoz jarduera fisikoak eta ariketa fisikoak onura nabariak sortzen dituztela adin eta egoera fisiko ia guztietako pertsonetan, baita hauskor eta zaurgarrienetan ere. Azken urteetan, au- rrerapen handiak egin dira talde horiei buruzko ikerketan. Orain dela gutxi arte, oso intentsitate baxuko mugikortasun-pro- gramak proposatzen zitzaizkien, eta gaur egun frogatu da indarra eta erresistentzia aerobikoa intentsitate handiagoan lan- tzeak onura gehiago dakarzkiela. Jarduera fisikoaren eta ariketa fisikoaren eragina ez da arlo fisikora mugatzen, zeren behatu baita eragin positiboa duela kognizioan, ongizate emozionalean eta gizarte-sareen eraketan ere. Hala ere, jarduera fisikoa onuragarria izateko, banakoari egokitua, progresiboa eta egingarria izan behar du. Etorkizunerako erronka zera da: pertsona guztiek beren neurriko jarduera fisikoa egiteko aukera izatea, guztien osasuna eta ongizatea hobetzeko. Horrek Nazio Batuen 2030 Agendaren hirugarren helburua betetzen lagunduko digu.
12. GIHa aletzen: ekoizpen eta kontsumo jasangarriaren mugarriak
Authors: Begiristain Zubillaga Mirene , Alberdi Aresti Goiuri
Published: November 2021

Sei urte bete dira Nazio Batuen Erakundeak 2030 Agendako Garapen Iraunkorrerako Helburuak onartu zituenetik. Artikulu honetan, 12. GIHaren analisia egingo dugu, eko-feminismoak bere egin duen iraunkortasunaren kontzeptualizaziotik abiatuta. Gure analisian, lehenik, 12. GIHaren irakurketa orokorra egingo dugu, eta, ondoren, hamaika erronka zehatzez osaturiko helburu horren xehetasunak eta kontraesanak aletuko ditugu. Analisiaren ondorio gisa, azpimarratuko dugu gure ekoizteko eta kontsumitzeko erak, naturak birsortzeko dituen gaitasun-mugak aspaldi gainditu zituen arren, hazkunde mugagabean eta kontsumo masiboan oinarritutako logika ekonomikoan oinarritzen jarraitzen duela. GIHetan topatzen diren inkoherentzien aurrean, aztertutako erronketan jaso ditugun hausnarketekin, trantsizio ekosozialaren bidetik bizitza iraunkor bat lortzea aldarrikatzen dugu.

 
ABSTRACT: Six years have passed since the UN approval of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. In this article, we approach the analysis of SDG 12, based on the conceptualization of sustainability from the Ecofeminism perspective. The analysis commences with a general reading of this SDG, followed by the unravelling of the details and contradictions of this objective, which is made up of eleven specific challenges. The analysis shows that although our way of producing and consuming has long exceeded the limits of nature's regenerative capacity, it is emphasized that it continues to be based on an economic logic based on unlimited growth and mass consumption. Bearing in mind the inconsistencies found in the SDGs, with the reflections collected in the challenges analyzed, the achievement of a sustainable life is limited to doing so through the eco-social transition.
Expression of the recombinant C-terminal of the S1 domain and N-terminal of the S2 domain of the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors: Sritun Jiraporn , Inthong Natnaree , Jala Siriluk , Phatthanakunanan Sakuna , Satchasataporn Khomson , Sirinarumitr Kaitkanoke , Lertwatcharasarakul Preeda , Sirinarumitr Theerapol
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets, leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Commercial vaccines have limited effectiveness against different genogroups of PEDV and the shedding of virus. The C-terminal of the S1 domain and the N-terminal of the S2 domain (S1-2) protein of the spike (S) protein have four neutralizing epitopes. However, research on the expression of the S1-2 segment of the S gene has been limited. In this study, we expressed a recombinant S1-2 protein of the S protein of the PEDV Thai isolate and characterized the immunological properties of the recombinant S1-2 protein. Materials and Methods: The S1-2 segment of the S gene of the PEDV Thai isolate (G2b) was amplified, cloned into the pBAD202/D-TOPO® vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimum concentration of arabinose and the optimum induction time for the expression of the recombinant S1-2 protein were determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The immunogenic reactivity of the recombinant S1-2 protein was determined using Western blot analysis with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the SM98 strain of PEDV (G1a). Results: The recombinant S1-2 segment of the S gene of the PEDV Thai isolate protein was cloned and the recombinant S1-2 protein was successfully expressed. The optimum concentration of arabinose and the optimum induction time for the induction of the recombinant S1-2 protein were 0.2% and 8 h, respectively. The recombinant S1-2 protein reacted specifically with both rabbit anti-histidine polyclonal antibodies and rabbit anti-PEDV polyclonal antibodies. Conclusion: The recombinant S1-2 protein reacted with rabbit anti-PEDV polyclonal antibodies induced by the different PEDV genogroup. Therefore, the recombinant S1-2 protein may be a useful tool for the development of a diagnostic test for PEDV or for a vaccine against PEDV.
Calculation of the Amplitude of Acoustic Waves in Nanoscale Magnets in an Alternating Magnetic Field Caused by Displacements of Domain Boundaries
Authors: Petrova L.P. , Ignatenko N.M. , Gromkov A.S.
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes an algorithm that utilizes a macroscopic approach to calculate the amplitude of the total acoustic signal generated by an alternating magnetic field in ribbon-shaped nanocrystalline magnets (NCMs) with polydomain nanofibers at reversible displacements of domain boundaries. The calculations are made for the case with the wave vector directed along the magnetic field parallel to the tape plane. At the same time, the influence of anharmonicity on the displacements of the domain boundaries is considered for the carrier frequency. The orientation and frequency dependences for the wave vector and the signal absorption coefficient are found under the assumption that the rotation processes can be neglected.

It is shown that the residual internal stresses in the (poly- or monodomain) nanograin NCMs have a significant effect on the absorption coefficient and the amplitude of the generated DG signal.

The magnetic anisotropy constants decrease along with the size of the nanograins. In this case, the generation process due to the rotation of the spontaneous magnetization vectors is also significant, which must be considered in relation to the displacement processes.

The proposed algorithm for calculating the amplitudes of the signals generated by a nanocrystalline magnet can be used to predict the friction properties of the developed promising NCM and calculate the amplitudes of the generated signals at the carrier frequency and harmonics.
A Sensitivity Analysis of a Certain Mathematical Model of Expert Evaluation of Investment Projects
Authors: Danko E.V.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the developed mathematical model of expert evaluation of investment projects. Processes of investment projects implementations are analyzed as decision-making processes under uncertainty. The mathematical model under study evaluates the effectiveness of an investment project using the NPV index. This index is considered a random variable and can be estimated by an investor as a segment [NPV1; NPV2J. The proposed mathematical model utilizes the probability density function of NPV in the form of Pearson curves of the first type. Another peculiar feature of the mathematical model is utilization of the subjective utility function in decision making of whether to invest or not to invest in some project. The subjective utility function considers individual characteristics of investors and their decision making under risks and uncertainty. Perception of additional information by investors changes depending on their attitude toward risk and missed opportunities and thus reduces uncertainty in decision making. The paper studies this step in detail and provides some conclusions proving the correctness of the developed mathematical model.
Generalized Algorithm for Finding Outliers in a Regression Model
Authors: Kurkina M.V. , Ponomarev I.V.
Published: November 2021

One of the actively developing areas of modern computational problems is data analysis. The studied data have a different structure, which causes certain difficulties in the process of smoothing and analysis. This fact entails the need to search for new universal algorithms for data processing and create computer programs that analyze data of various nature. Today, a widely used method of data processing is regression modeling. It is used in problems of pattern recognition, classification, dimensionality reduction, and many others. The literature describes various methods of constructing regression models, the basis of which is the optimization of a certain indicator — the quality functional. A very important requirement for the quality of such models is the absence of outliers (outliers) in the data.

This article discusses a method for examining a sample for outliers. The obtained algorithm can be applied to regression models estimated by the most common methods (least squares method, least modulus method). The mathematical basis of this procedure is the Legendre transformation, which provides computational accuracy in computer implementation. The adequacy of the obtained algorithm was investigated on a number of test samples. All tests were positive in terms of emissions. The MatLab system is used to develop a set of programs, which allows the building of various regression models and evaluation of the original sample for sharply distinguished observations.
Adapting to the Changing Needs of Family and Consumer Sciences Students: Instructor Perspectives During the Pandemic
Authors: Cho Soo Hyun , Taylor Sarah , Taylor Michelle , Giffen Ryan , Rock Cheryl , Reiboldt Wendy
Published: November 2021

In March 2020, the pandemic brought significant changes to higher education modalities. This paper examines how family and consumer sciences (FCS) instructors in a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary department at a large 4-year university modified instruction and related activities as
a response to the pandemic. Using the Family and Consumer Sciences Body of Knowledge as a framework, we illustrate approaches to meet students' basic needs and support their individual well-being during the crisis, and we provide a detailed description of changes in instructional strategies
across different disciplines within the department. We highlight the lessons learned by instructors during the transition to fully online instruction and provide suggestions for other FCS programs moving forward.
Entrepreneurship Empowerment Strategy in Islamic Boarding Schools: Lesson from Indonesia
Authors: Naimah  , Rahman Ainur , Ismail Zawawi , Sulaiman Hamidah Binti , Kalupae Abdulaziz
Published: November 2021

Compared to formal educational institutions, Islamic boarding schools have their uniqueness and many advantages. Today's Islamic boarding schools provide learning about religious knowledge and entrepreneurship to equip and provide independence when returning to the community. This study aims to analyze the types of entrepreneurial empowerment of students and analyze the strategies of the Nurul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in Kemuningsari Lor Village, Panti District, Jember Regency in empowering santri entrepreneurship. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. While the data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The study results show that the types of entrepreneurial empowerment activities that are managed and developed by the pesantren are adapted to the conditions of the pesantren environment, infrastructure, and capabilities possessed by the pesantren. First, the generated businesses result from waste management (making cellphone bags, handkerchiefs, school bags, and brooches). Second, dress code (sewing) in clothes, headscarves, coats, and pants. Then, the entrepreneurial strategies implemented at the Nurul Ulum Islamic Boarding School include cost leadership, differentiation strategies, and focus strategies. This research contributes in-depth knowledge that Islamic boarding schools play an essential role in entrepreneurship in providing new jobs and poverty alleviation and contributing to the country's economic development.
Faculty Perceptions of Teaching Online During the COVID-19 University Transition of Courses to an Online Format
Authors: Kerr-Sims Shantia , Baker David Mc.Arthur
Published: November 2021

As a result of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, many universities were required to make quick decisions to accommodate social distancing guidelines. Cherished university events such as commencement and spring convocations were postponed or cancelled. Such decisions were made in an effort to curb the number of people infected with the virus. Institutions were also forced to consider how to continue educating students in the midst of a pandemic. In many instances, faculty were required to transition their face to face courses to an online format. Some instructors were familiar with the instructional strategies and technological tools needed for effective online teaching. Whereas, other novice faculty were hesitant or even resistant to the idea of online teaching and learning. This case study at a Midwest Masters level university, examines the perceptions of faculty (n=158) regarding the quick adoption of their courses to an online medium during the Spring 2020 semester. The web-based survey instrument consists of two sections. Section I had 10 demographic questions, section II had 28 statements with a seven-point Likert-type scale measurement that ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Section II assessed perceptions and attitudes about the quick transition to online, and comparison of students’ engagement for the courses during the spring semester face-to-face vs the online format during COVID-19, and professors’ level of satisfaction with the transition. The data was analyzed using frequency, mean and ANCOVA with SPSS version 23. Findings revealed that generally faculty felt that course quality remained the same, that students’ engagement and performance declined during the pandemic and satisfaction levels with the transition were low.
Modos de construcción social de sentido en el coro: Timing expresivo entre coreutas y director
Authors: Ordás Manuel Alejandro
Published: November 2021

Desde una perspectiva interactiva, un coro puede verse como un conjunto de individuos que están en interacción y no como un grupo uniforme subordinado al director. Describimos aquí las interacciones temporales entre cantantes y director durante la ejecución coral mediante un análisis multimodal, para indagar en la variabilidad como un medio de construcción de la interpretación. Los resultados muestran que estar juntos en el tiempo no es producto de una relación unidireccional en la que el director realiza una acción y el coro responde, sino que la sincronía de lo que se canta y la interacción con quien conduce son formas de entonamiento corporeizado. Discutimos la variabilidad en términos de rasgos de diferenciación-indiferenciación individual y grupal que están enraizados en la concepción de la práctica social en el coro.
Bestellung von Reproduktionen im Internet – ein neues Serviceangebot des Landesarchivs Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Fricke Thomas , Rückert Maria Magdalena , Knobloch Corinna
Published: November 2021

Die Möglichkeit, Reproduktionen von Archivalien direkt aus dem Online-Katalog heraus zu bestellen, besteht im Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg seit November 2020. Dieses neue Angebot wird sehr viel und gerne genutzt. Da es nicht um den Verkauf konventioneller Produkte, sondern im Grunde um Dienstleistungen aus öffentlicher Hand geht, ergeben sich ganz besondere Anforderungen, was die Funktionalitäten der Webapplikationen, die Arbeitsabläufe in den Archivabteilungen und die Bezahlung bzw. Gebührenberechnung betrifft. Die Darstellung der Lösung des Landesarchivs und der Bericht über die bisherigen Erfahrungen sind Thema dieses Beitrags.
Copolymerization of CO2, propylene oxide, and itaconic anhydride with double metal cyanide complex catalyst to form crosslinked polypropylene carbonate
Authors: Luo Liang , Wang Wen-Zhen , Wang Li , Li Lei-Lei , Zhang Yi-Le , Zhao Sai-Di
Published: November 2021

In this study, a high-activity Zn–Co double metal cyanide complex was synthesized and used to catalyze the ternary polymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and itaconic anhydride to produce a new class of polypropylene carbonates characterized by excellent performance and low ether content. The number average molecular weight of the terpolymer was as high as 2.14 × 105 g·mol−1, and the polydispersity index was as high as 1.58. In the case of PPCIAn3, the 5% weight loss temperature increased by 70°C, the total weight loss temperature increased by 100°C, the tensile strength increased by 6.6 MPa, and the elongation at break decreased to 14.5% with respect to traditional polypropylene carbonate. The apparent efficiency of the catalyst was as high as 45.79 gpolymer/gcatalyst, indicating its high catalytic activity. 1H-NMR spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the polymerization process and the structural properties of the obtained terpolymers.
Properties and applications of cellulose regenerated from cellulose/imidazolium-based ionic liquid/co-solvent solutions: A short review
Authors: Shamsuri Ahmad Adlie , Abdan Khalina , Jamil Siti Nurul Ain Md.
Published: November 2021

An improvement of ecological conscience currently has increased the consciousness of researchers in reducing the processing time and cost of solvent for the dissolution of cellulose. Latterly, ionic liquids have been employed to process cellulose as they are recyclable and nonvolatile. Besides that, biopolymers such as chitosan, chitin, starch, protein, and cellulose acetate can also be processed by using ionic liquids for diverse applications. In this short review, examples of imidazolium-based ionic liquids that are commonly used for the dissolution of cellulose are implied. Furthermore, examples of organic liquids that are utilized as co-solvents for ionic liquids were revealed. In addition, examples of imidazolium-based ionic liquid/co-solvent mixtures utilized in the dissolution of cellulose and other biopolymers are also demonstrated. The properties and applications of cellulose and its blends regenerated from different types of cellulose/imidazolium-based ionic liquid/co-solvent solutions are also shortly reviewed. The information acquired from this review gives a better understanding of the changes in the properties of regenerated cellulose and regenerated cellulose blends. In addition, this short review serves as a model basis for the creation of novel applications of regenerated cellulose and regenerated cellulose blends by utilizing imidazolium-based ionic liquid/co-solvent mixtures.
Conceptualizing the Cost of COVID Policy: The Role of Institutional Trade-Offs
Authors: Geloso Vincent
Published: November 2021

In this short article, I summarize recent research in economic history that suggests long-run institutional trade-offs in public health that affect both health and economic outcomes. These trade-offs suggest that a long timespan is necessary to fully measure the consequences of heavy-handed public health interventions. This timespan means that those who have declared “victory” or “defeat” in the wake of COVID policy are premature. Modesty in terms of policy evaluation and prescription is still warranted.
The untold subgenre
Authors: Magyar Zoltán
Published: November 2021

The history of international folklore research has seen several attempts to systematise the folklore texts. The (fairy) tale research has been the most productive, with nearly one hundred national tale catalogues available as well as the international tale catalogue at its fourth, improved edition. In contrast to tale and other epic genre (ballad, exemplum), the last 110 years of legend research have resulted in only a handful of books that systematised the folk heritage of the genre. Apart from a dozen of catalogues of aetiological and belief legends, until the publication of the Hungarian book series The
Catalogue of Hungarian Historical Legends I‒XI, 2018, no comprehensive type- or motif index of national legends was available. This study is a review of the international pursuits in the European folklore research directed to systematise historical legends, which, to date, due to various reasons, have been only partially successful.
Justice Model in Latin American Folklore
Authors: Osmushina Anastasia
Published: November 2021

The present epoch is the time of intense international communication. Effective interaction of ethnicities demands, however, to construct the dialogue of cultures on the basis of justice. Moreover, we argue that local justice models need to take priority over the international justice model. Local justice models are reflected in folklore. In this article, we analyze Colombian, Peruvian, Venezuelan, and Bolivian ethnic tales of justice. The purpose of our research is to reveal and systematize justice models in Latin American folklore including contextual, general, private, evolutionary, demographic, historical, divine, ecological, restorative, formal, selective, procedural, and other justice models.
When are multiplicative semi-derivations additive?
Authors: Siddeeque Mohammad Aslam , Khan Nazim
Published: November 2021

Let R be an associative ring. A multiplicative semi-derivation d is a map on R satisfying

d
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

=

d
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
g
⁢

(
y
)

+

x
⁢
d
⁢

(
y
)

=

d
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
y

+

g
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
d
⁢

(
y
)

 

and
 

d
⁢

(

g
⁢

(
x
)

)

=

g
⁢

(

d
⁢

(
x
)

)

{d(xy)=d(x)g(y)+xd(y)=d(x)y+g(x)d(y)\quad\text{and}\quad d(g(x))=g(d(x))}

for all

x
,
y

∈
R

{x,y\in R}

, where g is any map on R. In this paper, we have obtained some conditions on R, which make d additive. Finally, we have also shown that every multiplicative semi-derivation on

M
n

⁢

(
ℂ
)

{M_{n}(\mathbb{C})}

, the algebra of all

n
×
n

{n\times n}

matrices over the field

ℂ

{\mathbb{C}}

of complex numbers, is an additive derivation.
Combination therapy of calcitriol inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells: new concept of nonclassical function of calcitriol
Authors: Aljunidee Khuzama A. , Bardaweel Sanaa K.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the anticancer effects of calcitriol and cholecalciferol against different cell lines of breast cancer in monotherapy settings and in combination with raloxifene.

Methods

The antiproliferative, anti-migratory, and apoptotic induction effects were assessed by MTT, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays, respectively.

Results

Calcitriol and cholecalciferol exhibited antiproliferative effects against T47D, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of calcitriol were in the range of 0.05–0.25 μM while that for cholecalciferol were in the range of 3–100 μM. Furthermore, the results showed that calcitriol and cholecalciferol exhibited anti-migratory effects on MDA-MB-231, an apoptotic induction effect on MCF-7 cells, and a synergistic effect when combined with raloxifene.

Conclusions

Calcitriol and cholecalciferol exhibited anticancer effects and may be used as chemosensitizers.
The associations between working memory and the effects of multimedia input on L2 vocabulary learning
Authors: Teng Mark Feng , Zhang Danyang
Published: November 2021

The efficient use of working memory (WM) increases the potential of a learner’s cognitive abilities in learning through multimedia. The present study aims to explore the role of working memory in vocabulary learning through multimedia input. In particular, we explore the possible associations between two components of WM – executive WM and phonological short-term memory (PSTM) – and the effects of three types of input conditions (Definition + Word information + Video, Definition + Word information, and Definition) on second language (L2) vocabulary learning. A total of 95 students completed learning under the three conditions and took two WM tests: a reading span test, which measures complex executive WM, and a non-word span test, which gauges PSTM. We administered a vocabulary knowledge test, which included receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge, immediately and after two weeks. Our findings, based on repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), support the pronounced effects of the Definition + Word information + Video condition in vocabulary learning and retention, as well as the significant role of complex and phonological WM in vocabulary learning and retention under the three conditions. Theoretical and pedagogical implications concerning the role of WM in vocabulary learning through multimedia input are discussed.
Pathophysiological effects of cadmium(II) on human health-a critical review
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kaustav , Sen Debrup , Laskar Payel , Saha Tania , Kundu Gautam , Ghosh Chaudhuri Alok , Ganguly Subhadeep
Published: November 2021

Cadmium(II) is an omnipresent environmental toxicant emitted from various industrial sources and by anthropogenic sources such as smoking. Cadmium(II) enters our body through various sources including contaminated food and drinks and from active or passive smoking. It spares no organs in our body and the calamities it invites include primarily nephrotoxicity, osteotoxicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity above all. It brings about a bolt from the blue in the cellular biochemistry by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting the factors involved in the repair of DNA lesions and many other toxic nuisances otherwise by modulating the cell signalling machinery and acting as a potent carcinogen above all. In this review, we have tried to decipher some of the mechanisms played by cadmium(II) in exhibiting its toxic effects on various system of our body.
Swarna Prashana– faith in the embrace of research
Authors: Verma Shruti , Rathia Satyawati , Chandravanshi Lowkesh , Gupta Prashant Kumar
Published: November 2021

Childhood needs diverse nutritional requirements. Poor appetite, lifestyle changes, and poor digestion affects child immunity and make them prone to diseases.Kaumarabhritya, a branch of Ayurveda which deals in child and adolescent health care, has a unique concept ofSwarna Prashana(SP) to promote generalized immunity and intellect.SPis commonly recommended to children between 0 and 12 years of age and given as a general health promoter to improve intellect, digestion, strength, immunity, longevity, and complexion. Multiple benefits ofSPare mentioned in different Samhitas which needs to be explored on scientific background. Authors have highlighted content variabilities, plausible mechanisms, research tasks and potentials, lacunae, and future prospects aboutSP.This manuscript is a spotlight on current social, clinical, marketing, and scientific information ofSwarna Prashana. SPcan be a cost-effective, safe, infrastructure compatible, and prevention-centric approach to improve children’s overall health status and has the potential to serve as a positive health care program for children.
MitoQ inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy
Authors: Dou Shi-Ying , Zhang Jiu-Na , Xie Xiao-Li , Liu Ting , Hu Jun-Li , Jiang Xiao-Yu , Wang Miao-Miao , Jiang Hui-Qing
Published: November 2021

Mitophagy affects the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that reduces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its relationship with mitophagy remains unclear. This study evaluated mitophagy during HSC activation and the effects of MitoQ on mitophagy in cell culture and in an animal model of the activation of HSCs. We found that MitoQ reduced the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis. PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) is a putative serine/threonine kinase located in the mitochondria’s outer membrane. While the activation of primary HSCs or LX-2 cells was associated with reduced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, MitoQ reduced intracellular ROS levels, enhanced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, and inhibited the activation of HSCs. After knocking down the key mitophagy-related protein, PINK1, in LX-2 cells to block mitophagy, MitoQ intervention failed to inhibit HSC activation. Our results showed that MitoQ inhibited the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Study on vibration monitoring and anti-vibration of overhead transmission line
Authors: Yin Weihua , Lin Li
Published: November 2021

Numerous forms of dampers are used to eliminate the vibrations in transmission lines. In the contemporaneous editorial, a survey has been done on vibrations monitoring and anti-vibration of overhead transmission line of transmission lines having multiple dampers for dissimilar cable sizes. To investigate the outcome of the position of dampers on extreme strains created in the line. A comprehensive survey of the extreme strains created is also made for several wind power input conventions. A finite element technique is used to measure the frequency and manner figures of the cable with and without a damper. The response of the bare conductor, loaded conductor, the conductor for various dampers’ location is also studied. Spoilers and torsional dampers are maximum actual in diminishing electrode galloping, while dampers are quite the utmost effectual plans for aeolian shakings and spiral dampers are admirable for identical lesser width of electrodes.
Analytical bond behavior of cold drawn SMA crimped fibers considering embedded length and fiber wave depth
Authors: Ho Ha Vinh , Choi Eunsoo , Kang Jun Won
Published: November 2021

The NiTi SMA fibers were cold drawn to introduce prestrain, and then, they were made to crimped fibers with various wave depths. The recovery stress was measured, which was useful for closing the cracks in fiber-reinforced concrete. The pullout behaviors were also examined considering the existing recovery stress, and it is found that the recovery stress did not influence so much on the pullout behavior. According to the pullout results, a parametric study used a finite element analyzing (FEA) model to quantify the cohesive surface model’s parameters and the value of the friction coefficient. Then, the developed model is used to investigate the crimped fiber’s pullout behavior with various embedded lengths and wave depths. When the fiber in the elastic range, the peak stresses significantly raise due to increasing embedded waves; they show a linear relationship. After the yield of the SMA fiber, the peak stresses are also a function of embedded waves; however, the increasing trend is slow down. Concerning the cost, the even distribution of the fiber, and for guaranteeing the fiber experiences the pulling out, it is recommended that the embedded lengths and corresponding wave depths should be designed to avoid the yield.
Porphyry and ancient scholarship on Iliad 10.252–253: Edition, translation and discussion
Authors: Verhasselt Gertjan , Mayhew Robert
Published: November 2021

In Iliad 10, Odysseus claims that ‘more night has passed | than two parts, but still a third part remains’ (252–253). This gave rise to a Homeric problem, which received a great deal of attention from ancient scholars: If more than two parts of the night have passed, how can a third part remain? The main source for a variety of solutions to it is a lengthy discussion written along the perimeter of three pages of Venetus B, an important manuscript of the Iliad. The source of this text is almost certainly Porphyry’s Homeric Questions. Porphyry presents six different solutions, including those of Apion, Chrysippus and Aristotle (this last a fragment from his lost Homeric Problems), as well as a discussion of Odysseus as astronomer. The present paper includes: a critical edition of this text based on a fresh inspection of the manuscript, yielding new readings; an English translation; notes to the text; and an interpretive essay. The paper demonstrates the limitations of earlier editors of the text, and the hope is that it will serve as an example of how properly to approach and present the fragments of Porphyry’s Homeric Questions. It also turns out that, for quotations from the Iliad and Odyssey, Porphyry often does not provide the text attributed to him in the recent Homer editions of West.
How the cation size impacts on the relaxational and diffusional dynamics of supercooled butylammonium-based ionic liquids: DPEBA–TFSI versus BTMA–TFSI
Authors: Münzner Philipp , Gainaru Catalin , Böhmer Roland
Published: November 2021

Li-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide based ionic liquids with either butyl-trimethylammonium or N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-(propionyloxy)-ethyl)butan-1-ammonium as the anion were studied using proton and fluorine relaxometry as well as using field-gradient diffusometry to gain separate access to cation and anion dynamics in these compounds. The transport parameters obtained for these ionic liquids are compared with the estimates based on the conductivity data from literature and from the present work. The impact of cation size on correlation effects, the latter parameterized in terms of various Haven ratios, is mapped out.
Aging Enhances Neural Activity in Auditory, Visual, and Somatosensory Cortices: The Common Cause Revisited
Authors: Alain Claude , Chow Ricky , Lu Jing , Rabi Rahel , Sharma Vivek V. , Shen Dawei , Anderson Nicole D. , Binns Malcolm , Hasher Lynn , Yao Dezhong , Freedman Morris
Published: November 2021

In humans, age-related declines in vision, hearing, and touch coincide with changes in amplitude and latency of sensory-evoked potentials. These age-related differences in neural activity may be related to a common deterioration of supra-modal brain areas (e.g., PFC) that mediate activity in sensory cortices or reflect specific sensorineural impairments that may differ between sensory modalities. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we measured neuroelectric brain activity while 37 young adults (18-30 years, 18 males) and 35 older adults (60-88 years, 20 males) were presented with a rapid randomized sequence of lateralized auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli. Within each sensory domain, we compared amplitudes and latencies of sensory-evoked responses, source activity, and functional connectivity (via phase-locking value) between groups. We found that older adults' early sensory-evoked responses were greater in amplitude than those of young adults in all three modalities, which coincided with enhanced source activity in auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortices. Older adults also showed stronger neural synchrony than young adults between superior prefrontal and sensory cortices; and in older adults, the degree of phase synchrony was positively correlated with the magnitude of source activity in sensory areas. Critically, older adults who showed enhanced neural activity in one sensory domain also showed enhanced activity in other modalities. Together, these findings support the common cause hypothesis of aging and highlight the role of prefrontal regions in exerting top-down control over sensory cortices.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA prominent theory of aging posits that age-related declines in sensory processing across domains are related to a single common neurobiological mechanism. However, the neural evidence supporting this common cause hypothesis has remained elusive. Our study revealed robust age-related changes in three sensory domains across a range of neural metrics. Importantly, older adults who showed increased neural activity within one sensory domain also showed enhanced neural activity in the other two sensory modalities. No such relation among activity in sensory cortices was observed in young adults. Age-related increases in neural activity in sensory cortices coincided with enhanced neural synchrony between the PFC and sensory cortices, underlining the importance of the PFC in regulating sensory processing.
100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dietary intake and main food sources of vitamin D and calcium in Colombian urban adults
Authors: Amaya-Montoya Mateo , Duarte-Montero Daniela , Nieves-Barreto Luz D , Montaño-Rodríguez Angélica , Betancourt-Villamizar Eddy C , Salazar-Ocampo María P , Mendivil Carlos O
Published: November 2021

Data on dietary calcium and vitamin D intake from Latin America are scarce. We explored the main correlates and dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D in a probabilistic, population-based sample from Colombia. We studied 1554 participants aged 18–75 from five different geographical regions. Dietary intake was assessed by employing a 157-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and national and international food composition tables. Daily vitamin D intake decreased with increasing age, from 230 IU/day in the 18–39 age group to 184 IU/day in the 60–75 age group (P -trend < 0.001). Vitamin D intake was positively associated with socioeconomic status (SES) (196 IU/day in lowest vs 234 in highest SES, P-trend < 0.001), and with educational level (176 IU/day in lowest vs 226 in highest education level, P-trend < 0.001). Daily calcium intake also decreased with age, from 1376 mg/day in the 18–39 age group to 1120 mg/day in the 60–75 age group (P -trend < 0.001). Calcium intake was lowest among participants with only elementary education, but the absolute difference in calcium intake between extreme education categories was smaller than for vitamin D (1107 vs 1274 mg/day, P-trend = 0.023). Daily calcium intake did not correlate with SES (P -trend = 0.74). Eggs were the main source of overall vitamin D, albeit their contribution decreased with increasing age. Dairy products contributed at least 48% of dietary calcium in all subgroups, mostly from cheese-containing traditional foods. SES and education were the key correlates of vitamin D and calcium intake. These findings may contribute to shape public health interventions in Latin American countries.
Modern Information Technologies and Services in Public Institutions
Authors: Piatnychuk Iryna , Pyatnychuk Halyna
Published: November 2021

The article considers the issues of modern information technologies and services in public institutions (on the example of educational institutions). The aim of the article is to study the application of modern information technologies and services, in particular Google services, in such public institutions as educational institutions during the pandemic and to identify opportunities for their wider use. Based on a study to assess the economic benefits of using Google services, it has been found that their wider use in educational institutions will also have a positive effect. It is determined that the use of the service "Google" allows you to solve problems of information support of management and educational processes in the educational institution, work together on different types of documents, avoid distortion of information while working on them by different users by setting the appropriate level of document access. Based on the study, it is proposed to classify Google services for the purposes of scientific and pedagogical work of teachers of educational institutions on the following grounds: general services; services for self-organization and productivity; services for educational purposes; services for scientific purposes; services for commercial and other purposes. It is established that in order to increase the efficiency of different goals, it is advisable to combine Google services for different purposes, such as general, educational and to increase productivity. It has also been established that the collaboration with Google services is organized at the excellent level necessary to work with documents and quickly access the information, taking into account the current conditions of the pandemic. The analysis of the directions of education reform and the possibilities of application of information technologies during their implementation gives grounds to assert that the decisive factor in achieving the main goals of education reform is its informatization. And the use of modern information technologies and services helps to increase the self-organization and productivity of the administration of the educational institution, teachers and students, to optimize educational and management processes. The results of the study are the basis for further research in terms of more effective use of modern information technology and services in public institutions on the example of educational institutions.