bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryptorchidectomy in equids: 604 cases (1977–2010)
Authors: Hartman Richard , Hawkins Jan F. , Adams Stephen B. , Moore George E. , Fessler John F.
Published: March 2015

Objective—To evaluate the management of equids undergoing cryptorchidectomy at a referral hospital.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—604 client-owned equids.

Procedures—Medical records of all equids undergoing surgical treatment of cryptorchidism from 1977 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Analyses of breed, location of retained testes, accuracy of palpation per rectum for determining the location of retained testes, surgical technique, and postoperative complications were performed.

Results—The most frequently affected breed was the Quarter Horse (282/604 [47%]), which was significantly overrepresented. Of the 604 equids, 90 (15%) had undergone previous surgical attempts at castration. Preoperative palpation per rectum was performed in 395/604 (65.4%) patients, and was accurate in predicting the location of the retained testes in 354/395 (89.6%). Surgeons were significantly more likely to be incorrect in determining the location of the retained testis by means of palpation per rectum in patients that had undergone a prior attempt at castration. For equids with abdominal cryptorchidism (360/604 [59.6%]), the most common surgical technique was noninvasive cryptorchidectomy (298/360 [82.8%]). In unilateral cryptorchids (521/604 [86.3%]), the 2 most common sites were left abdominal (184/521 [35.3%]) and right inguinal (148/521 [28.4%]). For bilateral retention (80/604 [13.2%]), abdominal cryptorchidism was most common (48/80 [60%]). Fever was present in 138/324 (43%) equids on the first day after surgery. Postoperative fever was not significantly associated with any variables evaluated. Including postoperative (≤ 24 hours) fever, 150 of 604 (25%) patients developed postoperative complications. Excluding postoperative fever, 18 of 604 (3%) patients developed major postoperative complications; complications in 10 of 604 patients were deemed surgically related, and 3 of 604 patients died.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that cryptorchidectomy in equids performed with a variety of surgical approaches was associated with minimal postoperative complications. A history of previous attempts at castration decreased the ability to accurately predict the location of the retained testis.
Bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with infection and outcome in foals with septic arthritis: 83 cases (1998–2013)
Authors: Hepworth-Warren Kate L. , Wong David M. , Fulkerson Caroline V. , Wang Chong , Sun Yaxuan
Published: March 2015

Objective—To determine clinical characteristics, clinicopathologic data, and bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility results associated with septic arthritis in foals ≤ 180 days old.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—83 foals with septic arthritis.

Procedures—Medical records at 2 teaching hospitals between 1998 and 2013 were searched to identify those for foals ≤ 180 days old with confirmed infection of ≥ 1 synovial structure. Data extracted from the records included signalment, clinicopathologic information, bacteriologic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility results, and outcome. Data were analyzed for all foals as a single population and for foals stratified into 3 age groups (≤ 7 days, 8 to 30 days, and 31 to 180 days).

Results—Mean ± SD age of all foals was 18.2 ± 25 days (range, 0 to 180 days). The median number of joints affected per foal was 2 (range, 1 to 10 joints). Forty-seven of 83 (56.6%) foals survived to discharge from the hospital. Seventy antemortem synovial fluid samples underwent bacteriologic culture, of which 60 (85.7%) yielded growth. Of the 72 bacterial isolates identified, 45 (62.5%) were gram negative and 27 (375%) were gram positive. Survival rate was positively associated with plasma fibrinogen concentration and negatively associated with number of affected joints.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated the frequency with which certain bacterial agents were isolated from septic joints, which may be beneficial for the empirical treatment of septic arthritis in foals. Also, the positive association between survival rate and plasma fibrinogen concentration may have prognostic value in a clinical setting.
Comparison of Japanese and Chinese Clothing Evaluations by Experts Taking into Account Marketability
Authors: Kim KyoungOk , Takatera Masayuki , Zhu AliChunhong , Otani Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2015

To better understand the reasons for the marketability of clothing now designed and sold in China and Japan, we asked Japanese and Chinese experts to evaluate Chinese and Japanese brands of clothing currently for sale in the Japanese market. The marketability of the Chinese apparel items in the Japanese market was evaluated by the Japanese experts. Five Japanese jackets were purchased from a department store in Tokyo, and ten items of Chinese clothing were purchased from a department store in Beijing. Five of the Chinese clothing samples were judged as impossible to sell in Japanese department stores primarily because the sewing quality was incompatible with Japanese requirements, the designs were outdated, and the materials were of low quality. However, the other five Chinese clothing samples received high evaluations of marketability in Japan. We found that Japanese experts focused on general design and sewing finish, while Chinese experts considered more general design points. Thus, our results indicate that clothing is evaluated differently in Japan and China. We conclude that it is necessary to consider the respective evaluation points used in each country as we pursue globalisation.
High self-assessment of disability and the surgeon's recommendation against surgical intervention may negatively impact satisfaction scores in patients with spinal disorders
Authors: Mazur Marcus D. , McEvoy Sara , Schmidt Meic H. , Bisson Erica F.
Published: March 2015

OBJECT

Patient satisfaction scores have become a common metric for health care quality. Because satisfaction scores are right-skewed, even small differences in mean scores can have a large impact. Little information, however, is available on the specific factors that play a role in satisfaction in patients with spinal disorders. The authors investigated whether disability severity and the surgeon's recommendation for or against surgical intervention were associated with patient satisfaction scores.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adult patients who were referred to a spine surgeon for an outpatient evaluation of back pain. Patients completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before their clinic appointment and a Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey after their visit. Patients were grouped by self-assessed disability severity: mild to moderate (ODI < 40%) and severe (≥ 40%). Satisfaction scores were graded from 0 (very poor) to 100 (very good). Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate the association between patient satisfaction and current disability self-assessment. The authors also investigated whether the surgeon's recommendation against surgery negatively affected patient satisfaction.

RESULTS

One hundred thirty patients completed the ODI questionnaire before and satisfaction surveys after seeing a spine surgeon for a new outpatient back pain consultation. Of these, 68 patients had severe disability, 62 had mild to moderate disability, 67 received a recommendation for surgery, and 63 received a recommendation against surgery. Composite satisfaction scores were lower among patients who had severe disability than among those with mild to moderate disability (median [interquartile range]: 91.7 [83.7–96.4] vs 95.8 [91.0–99.3], respectively; p = 0.0040). Patients who received a recommendation against surgery reported lower satisfaction scores than those who received a recommendation for surgery (91.7 [83.5–95.8] vs 95.8 [88.5–99.8]; p = 0.0059).

CONCLUSIONS

High self-assessment of disability and a surgeon's recommendation against surgical intervention are associated with lower satisfaction scores in patients with spinal disorders.
Isolated cortical vein thrombosis: case series
Authors: Singh Ranjodh , Cope William P. , Zhou Zhiping , De Witt Michelle E. , Boockvar John A. , Tsiouris Apostolos J.
Published: March 2015

OBJECT

Isolated cortical vein thrombosis (ICVT) accounts for less than 1% of all cerebral infarctions. ICVT may cause irreversible parenchymal damage, rendering early and accurate diagnosis critical. This case series and literature review presents the clinical and radiological findings in 7 patients with ICVT, and highlights risk factors and imaging modalities that may be most beneficial in rendering an accurate and timely diagnosis.

METHODS

Patients with CT and MRI findings consistent with ICVT examined between January 2011 and June 2014 were included in this retrospective review.

RESULTS

Seven patients (5 females, 2 males), ranging in age from 11 months to 34 years, met the inclusion criteria. The most common clinical presentations were headaches (n = 4) and seizures (n = 3). The most common comorbidities noted in these patients were hypercoagulable states (n = 4) and intracranial hypotension (n = 3). Five patients had intraparenchymal involvement. CT suggested the correct diagnosis in 4 patients, and MRI confirmed the diagnosis in all 7 patients. All patients who received anticoagulation therapy (n = 5) experienced complete resolution of their symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of these patients were adult females, consistent with published data. Seizures and headaches were the most common presenting symptoms. Hypercoagulable state and intracranial hypotension, both known risk factors for thrombosis, were the most commonly noted ICVT risk factors. Intraparenchymal involvement was prevalent in nearly all ICVT cases and presented as vasogenic edema, early intraparenchymal hemorrhage, or hemorrhagic venous infarction. Susceptibility-weighted imaging was the most sensitive imaging technique in diagnosing ICVT.
Growth Factor Dependent Regulation of Centrosome Function and Genomic Instability by HuR
Authors: Filippova Natalia , Yang Xiuhua , Nabors Louis
Published: March 2015

The mRNA binding protein HuR is over expressed in cancer cells and contributes to disease progression through post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. The regulation of HuR and how this relates to glioma is the focus of this report. SRC and c-Abl kinases regulate HuR sub-cellular trafficking and influence accumulation in the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) via a growth factor dependent signaling mechanism. Growth factor stimulation of glioma cell lines results in the associate of HuR with the PCM and amplification of centrosome number. This process is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of HuR and is abolished by mutating tyrosine residues. HuR is overexpressed in tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma and associated with a reduced survival. These findings suggest HuR plays a significant role in centrosome amplification and genomic instability, which contributes to a worse disease outcome.
Approximated Information Analysis in Bayesian Inference
Authors: Seo Jung , Kim Yongku
Published: March 2015

In models with nuisance parameters, Bayesian procedures based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been developed to approximate the posterior distribution of the parameter of interest. Because these procedures require burdensome computations related to the use of MCMC, approximation and convergence in these procedures are important issues. In this paper, we explore Gibbs sensitivity by using an alternative to the full conditional distribution of the nuisance parameter. The approximate sensitivity of the posterior distribution of interest is studied in terms of an information measure, including Kullback–Leibler divergence. As an illustration, we then apply these results to simple spatial model settings.
Effects of Buffering Key Habitat for Terrestrial Salamanders: Implications for the Management of the Federally Threatened Red Hills Salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti) and Other Imperiled Plethodontids
Authors: Apodaca Joseph , Godwin James
Published: March 2015

Forestry practices are placing ever increasing emphasis on sustainability and the maintenance of ecological processes, biodiversity, and endangered species or populations. Balancing timber harvest and the management of imperiled species presents a particularly difficult challenge during this shift, as we often know very little about these species’ natural history and how and why silviculture practices affect their populations. Accordingly, investigation of and improvement on current management practices for threatened species is imperative. We investigated the effectiveness of habitat buffers as a management technique for the imperiled Red Hills salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti) by combining genetic, transect, and body-condition data. We found that populations where habitat buffers have been employed have higher genetic diversity and higher population densities, and individuals have better overall body condition. These results indicate that buffering the habitat of imperiled species can be an effective management tool for terrestrial salamanders. Additionally, they provide further evidence that leaving the habitat of imperiled salamanders unbuffered can have both immediate and long-term negative impacts on populations.
Potential Health Risks from Uranium in Home Well Water: An Investigation by the Apsaalooke (Crow) Tribal Research Group
Authors: Eggers Margaret , Moore-Nall Anita , Doyle John , Lefthand Myra , Young Sara , Bends Ada , Committee Crow , Camper Anne
Published: March 2015

Exposure to uranium can damage kidneys, increase long term risks of various cancers, and cause developmental and reproductive effects. Historically, home well water in Montana has not been tested for uranium. Data for the Crow Reservation from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) database showed that water from 34 of 189 wells tested had uranium over the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 30 μg/L for drinking water. Therefore the Crow Water Quality Project included uranium in its tests of home well water. Volunteers had their well water tested and completed a survey about their well water use. More than 2/3 of the 97 wells sampled had detectable uranium; 6.3% exceeded the MCL of 30 μg/L. Wells downgradient from the uranium-bearing formations in the mountains were at highest risk. About half of all Crow families rely on home wells; 80% of these families consume their well water. An explanation of test results; associated health risks and water treatment options were provided to participating homeowners. The project is a community-based participatory research initiative of Little Big Horn College; the Crow Tribe; the Apsaalooke Water and Wastewater Authority; the local Indian Health Service Hospital and other local stakeholders; with support from academic partners at Montana State University (MSU) Bozeman.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Is a Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis
Authors: Gao Jun , Qiao Liang , Wang Bingyuan
Published: March 2015

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic progressive autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterized by highly specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and the specific immune-mediated injury of small intrahepatic bile ducts. Unique apoptotic feature of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) may contribute to apotope presentation to the immune system, causing unique tissue damage in PBC. Perpetuation of inflammation may result in senescence of BECs, contributing to irreversible loss of bile duct. In addition to the classic liver manifestations, focal inflammation and tissue damage are also seen in salivary glands and urinary tract in a significant proportion of PBC patients. These findings provide potent support to the idea that molecular mimicry may be involved in the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance and mucosal immunity may lead to a systematic epithelitis in PBC patients. Thus, PBC is considered a generalized epithelitis in clinical practice.
High-Resolution Chromosome Ideogram Representation of Currently Recognized Genes for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Butler Merlin , Rafi Syed , Manzardo Ann
Published: March 2015

Recently, autism-related research has focused on the identification of various genes and disturbed pathways causing the genetically heterogeneous group of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The list of autism-related genes has significantly increased due to better awareness with advances in genetic technology and expanding searchable genomic databases. We compiled a master list of known and clinically relevant autism spectrum disorder genes identified with supporting evidence from peer-reviewed medical literature sources by searching key words related to autism and genetics and from authoritative autism-related public access websites, such as the Simons Foundation Autism Research Institute autism genomic database dedicated to gene discovery and characterization. Our list consists of 792 genes arranged in alphabetical order in tabular form with gene symbols placed on high-resolution human chromosome ideograms, thereby enabling clinical and laboratory geneticists and genetic counsellors to access convenient visual images of the location and distribution of ASD genes. Meaningful correlations of the observed phenotype in patients with suspected/confirmed ASD gene(s) at the chromosome region or breakpoint band site can be made to inform diagnosis and gene-based personalized care and provide genetic counselling for families.
Chemical Potential Tuning and Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties in Indium Selenides
Authors: Rhyee Jong-Soo , Kim Jin
Published: March 2015

Researchers have long been searching for the materials to enhance thermoelectric performance in terms of nano scale approach in order to realize phonon-glass-electron-crystal and quantum confinement effects. Peierls distortion can be a pathway to enhance thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT by employing natural nano-wire-like electronic and thermal transport. The phonon-softening known as Kohn anomaly, and Peierls lattice distortion decrease phonon energy and increase phonon scattering, respectively, and, as a result, they lower thermal conductivity. The quasi-one-dimensional electrical transport from anisotropic band structure ensures high Seebeck coefficient in Indium Selenide. The routes for high ZT materials development of In4Se3−δ are discussed from quasi-one-dimensional property and electronic band structure calculation to materials synthesis, crystal growth, and their thermoelectric properties investigations. The thermoelectric properties of In4Se3−δ can be enhanced by electron doping, as suggested from the Boltzmann transport calculation. Regarding the enhancement of chemical potential, the chlorine doped In4Se3−δCl0.03 compound exhibits high ZT over a wide temperature range and shows state-of-the-art thermoelectric performance of ZT = 1.53 at 450 °C as an n-type material. It was proven that multiple elements doping can enhance chemical potential further. Here, we discuss the recent progress on the enhancement of thermoelectric properties in Indium Selenides by increasing chemical potential.
Sugar-Responsive Pseudopolyrotaxane Composed of Phenylboronic Acid-Modified Polyethylene Glycol and γ-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Namiki Misato , Egawa Yuya , Miki Ryotaro , Juni Kazuhiko , Seki Toshinobu
Published: March 2015

We have designed a sugar-responsive pseudopolyrotaxane (PPRX) by combining phenylboronic acid-modified polyethylene glycol (PBA–PEG) and γ-cyclodextrin. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) was used as a sugar-recognition motif in the PPRX because PBA reacts with a diol portion of the sugar molecule and forms a cyclic ester. When D-fructose or D-glucose was added to a suspension of PPRX, PPRX disintegrated, depending on the concentration of the sugars. Interestingly, catechol does not show a response although catechol has a high affinity for PBA. We analyzed the response mechanism of PPRX by considering equilibria.
Fabrication and Characterization of Single Phase α-Alumina Membranes with Tunable Pore Diameters
Authors: Masuda Tatsuya , Asoh Hidetaka , Haraguchi Satoshi , Ono Sachiko
Published: March 2015

Nanoporous and single phase α-alumina membranes with pore diameters tunable over a wide range of approximately 60–350 nm were successfully fabricated by optimizing the conditions for anodizing, subsequent detachment, and heat treatment. The pore diameter increased and the cell diameter shrunk upon crystallization to α-alumina by approximately 20% and 3%, respectively, in accordance with the 23% volume shrinkage resulting from the change in density associated with the transformation from the amorphous state to α-alumina. Nevertheless, flat α-alumina membranes, each with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 50 μm, were obtained without thermal deformation. The α-alumina membranes exhibited high chemical resistance in various concentrated acidic and alkaline solutions as well as when exposed to high temperature steam under pressure. The Young’s modulus and hardness of the single phase α-alumina membranes formed by heat treatment at 1250 °C were notably decreased compared to the corresponding amorphous membranes, presumably because of the nodular crystallite structure of the cell walls and the substantial increase in porosity. Furthermore, when used for filtration, the α-alumina membrane exhibited a level of flux higher than that of the commercial ceramic membrane.
Cold War Transgressions: Christian Realism, Conservative Socialism, and the Longer 1960s
Authors: Edwards Mark
Published: March 2015

This essay examines the convergence of the Protestant left and traditionalist right during the 1950s. Reinhold Niebuhr and the World Council of Churches challenged Cold War liberalism from within. As they did, they anticipated and even applauded the anti-liberalism of early Cold War conservatives. While exploring intellectual precursors of the New Left, this essay forefronts one forgotten byproduct of the political realignments following World War II: The transgressive politics of “conservative socialism.” Furthermore, this work contributes to growing awareness of ecumenical Christian impact within American life.
Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera – Apocrita (excl. Ichneumonoidea)
Authors: Mitroiu Mircea-Dan , Noyes John , Cetkovic Aleksandar , Nonveiller Guido , Radchenko Alexander , Polaszek Andrew , Ronquist Fredrick , Forshage Mattias , Pagliano Guido , Gusenleitner Josef , Bartalucci Mario , Olmi Massimo , Fusu Lucian , Madl Michael , Johnson Norman , Jansta Petr , Wahis Raymond , Soon Villu , Rosa Paolo , Osten Till , Barbier Yvan , de Jong Yde
Published: March 2015

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.

Hymenoptera is one of the four largest orders of insects, with about 130,000 described species. In the Fauna Europaea database, ‘Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excluding Ichneumonoidea)’ comprises 13 superfamilies, 52 families, 91 subfamilies, 38 tribes and 13,211 species. The paper includes a complete list of taxa dealt with, the number of species in each and the name of the specialist responsible for data acquisition. As a general conclusion about the European fauna of Hymenoptera, the best known countries in terms of recorded species are those from northwestern Europe, with the least known fauna probably in the more eastern and southeastern parts of Europe.
Effect of Grain Size on Microstructure and Orientation of Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al Steel
Authors: Dai Yong Juan , Wang Jian Gang , Mao Hao En , Mi Zhen Li , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2015

The typical Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP steel with different microstructure scale were investigated. It was found When the grains size is up to 35μm in the 25Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP steel samples, the twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) effect can fully developed and results in above 80% elongation. grain size had a strong effect on the mechanical properties. It was concluded that with increasing grain size ultimate tensile strength decreases, while elongation increases obviously.The annealing twin has the twin’s orientation, during deformation the annealing twin has get orientation ready for deformation twins
Research on Heat Resistance of As-Cast Ferritic Nodular Iron
Authors: Li Bao Yuan , Zhang Guo Shang , Wei Shi Zhong , Li Ji Wen
Published: March 2015

This article focuses on research into thermal shock fatigue resistance and oxidation resistance of as-cast ferritic nodular iron. The results show that the number of cycles required to crack nodular iron under the action of thermal stress is significantly higher than that of grey cast iron, and the rate at which cracks spread is lower compared with that of grey cast iron. When graphite is transformed from flakes into nodules, its decreased connectivity impedes the flow of oxygen during oxidization, thereby improving its oxidation resistance.
Test and Research on Ratchet Effect of 16 Mn Steel under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Xiao Guang Hong , Xiang Yang Kai , Zhang Qiu Ling
Published: March 2015

The uniaxial and multiaxial non-proportional cyclic experiments of 16Mn steel under stress-control were carried out using MTS809 Series machine and Teststar control system .The influence of stress amplitude, mean stress and their loading history on uniaxial and multiaxial ratcheting is studied.
Fabrication an Antibacterial Surface on Composite Porous Scaffold
Authors: Jiang Jia Xing , Li Li Mei , Wang Jian , Li Gen , Zuo Yi , Li Yu Bao , Li Ji Dong
Published: March 2015

Elimination of the residual microorganisms from an infectious bone defects and the prevention of subsequent re-infection are of importance for chronic osteomyelitis treatment. The application of bone repair materials with antibacterial properties in such a condition has advantages. The present study reported a novel method to fabricate nanohydroxyapatite/polyurethane (n-HA/PU) based antibacterial porous scaffolds through immobilization "core-shell" silver-based mesoporous silica particles (Ag@SiO2), i.e., silver nanoparticle as core and mesoporous silica as shell, on the surface of n-HA/PU scaffold. The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and antibacterial tests. The results revealed that the Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles distributed uniformly on the surface of n-HA/PU porous scaffold. The Ag@SiO2 could been kept on the surface of n-HA/PU porous scaffold more than 2 weeks, resulting in long-lasting the release of silver ions and antibacterial ability. The porous n-HA/PU scaffolds with an antibacterial surface may hold promise to be used in infectious bone defects repair.
Influence of Co(ii) Ionic Liquids Catalytic System for Polycarbonate (CHO/CO2) Synthesis
Authors: Tian Jing , Zhang Qing , Li Wei Feng , Meng Yue , Yan Tong , Wang Hong Kai , Li You Fang , Liu Ming Su , Guo Hui Fen
Published: March 2015

In the report, Co (ii) ionic liquids catalytic system was synthesized and used in the polycarbonate (CHO/CO2) synthesis. The Co (ii) ionic liquids catalytic system was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The influences of different factors, including reaction time, reaction temperature, and pressure of CO2 on the synthesis of polycarbonate (CHO/CO2) were described. The results show that Co (ii) ionic liquids catalytic system could be successfully applied in the copolymerization of carbon oxide (CO2) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO). The optimum synthetic conditions of the polycarbonate, including reaction temperature of 90 °C, reaction time of 8 hours , and CO2 pressure of 25 bar.
Radical Polymerization of a Novel Methacrylamide Derivative
Authors: Yuan Chao , Liu Ping , Chen Long Hua , Zhang Yuan
Published: March 2015

The radical polymerization of a novel methacrylamide derivative, N-[o-(4-ethyl-4, 5-dihydro-1, 3-oxazol-2-yl) phenyl] methacrylamide ((S)-EtOPMAM), was carried out to obtained optically active polymers. The polymer yield and the chiroptical behavior of the resultant polymers have been examined in detail by using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies in comparison with our previous observation. The polymers showed relatively high molecular weights (Mn=8000-16000) and largest specific rotations ([α]25D =+120.6o). Particularly, the largest specific optical rotation of the polymer is almost the six times of the monomer.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiol Functional Cyclic Carbonate
Authors: Li Wen Cai , Zhang Huan Huan , Li Yan Ling , Fu Chang Qing
Published: March 2015

(2-one-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate(DMMP), which can be used for Michael addition reaction, was synthesized through two simple routs. First, glycerol carbonate was synthesized under mild conditions without any solvent, using glycerol and dimethyl carbonate as raw materials by green chemistry way. Then DMMP was obtained by simple esterification reaction of glycerol carbonate and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The structure of them was characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR.
Fatigue Properties and Fracture Characteristics of the Aluminum Alloys for High-Speed Train Carbody
Authors: Qiu Fan , Li Qiang
Published: March 2015

The fatigue tests on two types of domestic aluminum alloys were conducted and the P-S-N curves of both aluminum alloys were obtained. The microscopic characteristics at the fatigue fracture surface were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the tensile strength of A7 is 376MPa, while the tensile strength of A6 is 311MPa. The fatigue strength of A7 is 75MPa at 107 circles, and it is just a little higher than that of A6, which is 71.57MPa. The fatigue cracks initiated from or near the surface of the specimen. The fatigue fracture can be divided into three parts, namely, the initiation zone, the propagation zone and the sudden fracture zone. Typical characteristics could be observed on fracture surface.A6 has better plasticity than A7.
Qualimetric Evaluation of Aluminum Wire Deformed by a Combined Scheme of Deformation “Pressing-Drawing”
Authors: Lezhnev Sergey
Published: March 2015

In this paper was considered a qualimetric evaluation of aluminum wire deformed by a combined scheme of deformation “pressing-drawing”. Comparative analysis of complex quality indicators of deformed aluminium wire in different technologies has proved the advantage of the new technology for the production of wire compared with the existing technology.
Experimental Research about Polyester Viscose Seat Fabric Water and Oil Repellent Finishing
Authors: Yan Tao Hai
Published: March 2015

The car seat fabric is the main part of the car interior, the water-and oil-repellent performance is an important factor of the antifouling performance, this article get the optimum technological parameters by doing the finishing experiments of the polyester viscose car seat fabric water-and oil-repellent.
The Method of Two-Dimensional Stretching to Reduce Residual Stress in Quenched Thin-Walled Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Kun Qi , Zheng Wei , Na Dan Dan
Published: March 2015

This study aims to reduce the residual stress of quenched thin-walled aluminum alloy. The method of two-dimensional stretching was proposed to further reduce the residual stress in the alloy. The steady-state and transient thermal analysis were used in ANSYS workbench15.0. Static structural was used to simulate one-dimensional and two-dimensional stretching. The simulation results show that two-dimensional stretching method is better than one-dimensional stretching, and it can eliminate the residual stress up to 92.6% when the amount of stretching in length and width is controlled in 2.5%.
Soft Soil Subgrade Vacuum Preloading Consolidation Deformation Analysis of Large Rigid Foundation
Authors: Song Bi Hong , Wang Chun Ming , Wang Shu Guang , Chen Jian Hua , Ke Lu
Published: March 2015

The large rigid foundation has a high requirement on subgrade consolidation deformation, especially the soft soil subgrade, of which the design and construction is very difficult. Through the analysis on subgrade treatment process of a sewage treatment plant in Zhejiang Province, this paper introduces the mathematical calculation model and the specific calculation method for treating the soft soil subgrade with the vacuum preloading method. The calculation results obtained has basically reflected the actual deformation process of the subgrade; it is a rational referential calculation method to guide the design and construction.
Effect of Y2O3 on Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Aluminide Coating on Ni-Based Superalloy
Authors: Hua Yin Qun , Rong Zhen , Chen Kang Min , Ye Yun Xia , Wu Wen Hui , Chen Rui Fang
Published: March 2015

The oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloy GH586 which is treated by pack-cementation aluminizing was investigated. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructure of aluminide coatings and the surface morphologies of the oxide scales. Results show that the main phase of the aluminide coatings was NiAl. The aluminide coating can be formed at lower temperature due to the addition of rare earth oxide in the mixture powders. The thickness of aluminide coating at 900°C was about 110μm, and another aluminide coating with rare earth oxide Y2O3 at 800°C was about 38μm. The oxidation kinetics of aluminized specimens approximately followed a parabolic oxidation law at 1000°C. The morphology of the oxidation scales was primarily θ-Al2O3 with minor α-Al2O3. The scales of the coatings with rare earth oxide Y2O3 after oxidation was more dense.
Effects of Nano Silver Film on the Hydrophobicity of Moth Wing
Authors: Fang Yan , Sun Gang
Published: March 2015

The microstructure, superhydrophobicity and chemical composition of the moth wing surface were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an optical contact angle (CA) meter and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). nanosilver film was coated on the wing surface by vacuum evaporation. The wetting mechanism was discussed from the perspective of biological coupling. The moth wing surface, composed of naturally hydrophobic material, is of high hydrophobicity (CA 143~156°) and exhibits complicated hierarchical micro-morphology including primary structure, secondary structure and tertiary structure. The cooperation of hydrophobic material and rough micro-morphology leads to the high hydrophobicity of the wing surface. The wing surfaces coated with 50~1000 nm silver films are still hydrophobic (CA > 110°). The multiple-dimensional rough structure of the wing surface results in the transition of metal silver from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The moth wing can serve as a bio-template for design and preparation of micro-controllable superhydrophobic surface.
Research on Induction Cladding Alloy Layer on the Surface of Steel Parts and its Performance
Authors: Liu Jing Wei , Zhang Fu Xue
Published: March 2015

The method ofinduction cladding was adopted to make nickel-base layer on the surface ofsteel components in this test, and microstructure morphology, rigiditydistribution of the alloy layer made by cladding were analyzed and studied. Theresults shows that there is obvious bright white transition zone between thecladding alloy layer and the body, which forms an excellent metallurgicalbonding, microstructure of the alloy cladding layer is eutectic structure ofaustenite + carbide (austenite dendrite can be seen at individual parts), axialand radial rigidity are evenly distributed; bonding strength of cladding alloylayer is high without air hole and slag inclusion, with high flatness ofcylindrical surface, small machining allowance and low cost, etc.
The Role of Hierarchical Micro-Morphology in the Wetting Property of Moth (Geometrinae) Wing Surface
Authors: Sun Gang , Fang Yan
Published: March 2015

The micro-morphology of the moth wing surface was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) of water droplet on the wing surface were measured by an optical CA meter. The wetting mechanism was discussed from the perspective of biological coupling. The moth wing surface is of superhydrophobicity (CA 143~156°) and low adhesion (SA 1~4°), and displays multiple-dimensional rough micro-morphology. The scales play a crucial role in the complex wettability of the wing. The average rate of CaCO3 pollution removal from the wing surface is as high as 87.3%. There is a positive correlation (R=0.8777) between pollution removal rate and roughness index of the wing. The cooperation of chemical composition and micro-morphology contributes to the special wettability and outstanding self-cleaning performance of the wing. The moth wing can serve as a template for biomimetic design and preparation of novel interfacial material with multi-functions.
Preparation and Properties of Water-Based Ultra-Thin Fireproof Coating for Steel Structures
Authors: Zhang Yi Chao , Li Zhi Feng
Published: March 2015

The water-based ultra-thin fireproof coating for steel structures was prepared by using polyvinyl acetate emulsion as binder, using flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) , pentaerythritol (PTH) and melamine (MEL) as basic flame retardant system, using titanium dioxide as inorganic filler, then use expandable graphite (EG) to improve the thickness and compactness of char layer. The experimental results show that the coating has the best properties when the content of polyvinyl acetate emulsion is 32 % and the flame retardant is 38 % by mass, furthermore if added 4 % EG, the properties of coating would be better.
Analysis on the Welding Thermal Field and Residual Stress of Thick Plate
Authors: Jiang Jiu Hong , Wang Qiang , Lv Wen
Published: March 2015

A 60mm Q345 rigid thick plate with V groove welding connection was modeled in order to simulate the welding residual stress by finite element method. Both element birth and death technique and double ellipse heat source model were introduced to simulate the welding process. The welding thermal field and residual stress of thick steel plate were analyzed by finite element simulation software ANSYS.Then the thermal field and residual stress distribution were visually demonstrated. The result shows that the thermal field shaped like a spindle during welding period and the residual stress at the mid-section in lateral, longitudinal and thickness direction of the welding joint is lower than the stress at the surface of the welding connection.
Effect of Edge Masking on Residual Stress of Hot-Rolled Strip on Run-Out Table
Authors: Liu Xiao Hua , Dong Feng , Wang Dong Cheng
Published: March 2015

A numerical model including thermal and microstructural model is established for precisely prediction of residual stress of hot-rolled strip on run-out table. Temperature and phase transformation fraction are coupled and formulated for the calculation of thermal and transformation expansion that could induce internal stress. Residual stress for hot-rolled strip before and after coiling are calculated using C++ program. Influence of edge masking on residual stress is analyzed. It is concluded that edge masking makes the strip flatness better after coiling.
Influence Rules of Technological Parameters on End Quality in Closed Cross Wedge Rolling (CWR)
Authors: Liu Chuan , Shu Chang , Chao Cheng , Sun Bao Shou
Published: March 2015

In order to raise the efficience of materials' utilization and realize the CWR without the stub bar, this paper will focus on the closed CWR forming shafts,applying finite element software DEFORM-3D to do numerical simulation calculation for the process and studying the end quality of shafts.This paper has obtained the influence rule of the forming angle α, broadening angle β, reduction of area ψ and billet diameter D four process parameters on the end quality of the closed type CWR .The research results has showed that the length of concavity goes up along with the forming angle decrease;the same as the broadening angle; while the length of concavity goes up along with the billet diameter increase.and the reduction of area ψ has made a vital influence on the end quality of shafts,this conclusion has made a solid theoretical foundation and referential value for closed CWR .
Parameter Optimization for Grinding Process of Micropores with High Aspect Ratio
Authors: Tsai Feng Che , Lee Yann Long , Yeh Ju Chun
Published: March 2015

Parameter optimization for grinding process of micropores with high aspect ratio is discussed in this research. To ensure the surface accuracy on the inner side of deep micropore, the manual polishing or reaming process is a commonly adopted method. However, this process has disadvantages of limitation by operators’ experience and technique, labor consuming, and high cost. Skilled operators are also difficult to train nowadays. In order to address those flaws, this study applied the subtle abrasive jet machining technology and Taguchi Method for experimental design, so as to effectively obtain the appropriate surface roughness and processing uniformity. The Taguchi experimental results showed that when applying a Vacuum Pressure of 60 cmHg and a Air Pressure of 0.5 Mpa, the optimal polishing effect was attained using #2000SiC abrasive particles and an Mix Proportion (SiC: Additive) 2: 1. The average roughness of lifting pin hole was reduced from an original value of Ra 2.39 mm (Rmax: 10.74 mm) to a final value of Ra 0.07 mm (Rmax: 1.10 mm).
Quality Cost Analysis of Typical Forging Based on SPC and DEA Model
Authors: Huang Shu Hai , Xia Xiang Sheng
Published: March 2015

In order to control the quality costs of forgings efficiently and ensure the optimization of enterprise production value input and benefit output, using piston, output shaft and other typical forgings as application objects, choosing cold and warm forging process instead of the former single hot forging or cold forging process, reinforcing Statistical Process Control (SPC) of processing quality and appropriately distributing quality failure cost and quality assurance cost in order to efficiently match the total cost of quality, quality process capacity index and production program so that the stability of forging quality can be improved. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to contrast and analysis the quality cost data of new process and old process, of which the result shows that the technical input and benefit output of new process accord with mass production requirements in the prior period of enterprise industrialization.
Development of 590MPa Grade Hot-Dip Galvannealed DP Steels
Authors: Jiang Yin Hua , Kuang Shuang , Liu Hua Sai , Teng Hua Xiang
Published: March 2015

Recently, the weight reduction of automotive body and crash safety become much more important factors. In addition, the corrosion resistance must be ensured for any material used in a structural part of automotive components. In an effort to satisfy these requirements, high strength galvannealed DP steels with 590 MPa in tensile strength have been developed in Shougang. Steel chemistry with low Si was designed to reduce the iron oxidation with chemical composition (Si, Mn etc.) and to improve the wettability by liquid zinc. And the alloying elements (Cr, Mo etc.) were added to improve hardenability of sheet to obtain DP microstructure. Newly developed 590MPa grade hot dip galvannealed DP steels have good mechanical properties and hole expansibility. The results revealed the Cr addition effectively suppresses the formation of ferrite during the continuous annealing to improve the hole expansibility of steels. The galvannealing temperatures are increased to improve the hole expansibility of steels by generating the appropriate amount pearlite.
Research Progress in Technology of Diamond Cutting Tools
Authors: Zhou Yi Dan , Ma Gai , Chen Xiao Dan
Published: March 2015

With the improvement of machining technology, diamond cutting tools are used more and more widely due to the excellent performance of diamond. This document briefly introduced the diamond cutting tool materials and the synthetic technologies, as well as the types of diamond cutting tools. Development situation of methods of machining diamond cutting tools and the grinding technology were also expounded. At the end of the dissertation, summery and future trends of diamond cutting tool technologies were outlined.
Simulation Study on the Force of Particles Migrating in Molten Metal under High-Frequency Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Hong Ming , Qu Chang Chen , Fan Xiao Jian , Li Gui Rong
Published: March 2015

According to the basic principles of electromagnetism, the magnetic flux density on the surface of the metal melt was calculated by numerical simulation method. The relational expression of the electromagnetic body force and the magnetic flux density was deduced. The results show that the electromagnetic body force in the melt is directly proportional to the square of the magnetic induction intensity. Increasing the electric current, the electromagnetic body force in the melt can be increased effectively. Increasing the frequency, the particular electromagnetic body force within the melt can be increased first and then decreased.
Simulation of the Surface Roughness by End Face Grinding Wheel with Ordered Abrasive Pattern
Authors: Li Xing Shan , Shao Mei Li , Wang Jun , Lu Yu Shan
Published: March 2015

In order to improve the grinding performance of end face grinding wheel, the ordered theory is applied to the design of grinding wheel. Based on the track equation of the end grinding, the effects of grinding parameters on the surface roughness are studied and compared with the workpiece appearance by grinding wheel with different abrasive patterns. The simulation results show that the surface roughness values are lower by the grinding wheel with phyllotactic pattern than other patterns. It will provide theoretical basis for designing abrasive ordered pattern of grinding wheel.
Effect of Ca and Nd Alloying on the Microstructure of Mg-6Al-Ca-Nd Alloy
Authors: Feng Yi Cheng , Wang Qin , Zhao Si Cong , Jiang Wen Yong , Wang Li Ping , Guo Er Jun
Published: March 2015

The Mg-6Al-xCa-xNd alloys, which were alloyed by Ca and Nd element on basis of Mg-6Al alloy, were fabricated by gravity permanent mould method. The microstructure and mechanical property were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Experimental results show that the microstructure of as-cast Mg-6Al alloy is with typical dendritic morphology, which is consist of α-Mg matrix and divorced eutectic β-Mg17Al12 phase along the grain boundaries. With increasing of Ca and Nd elements content, the α-Mg grains of Mg-6Al-Ca-Nd alloy were refined obviously, and the dendritic structure disappeared and equiaxed grains appeared. Meanwhile, β-Mg17Al12 phase decreased until disappeared and intermetallic Al-Ca phases and Al-Nd phases increased.
Study on Typical Metal Forming Pattern of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Upsetting Process
Authors: Wu Xin , Xia Xiao Qing , Shen Guo Qiang , Li Feng , Yang Shi Xi
Published: March 2015

The ultrasonic vibration assisted compression process is analyzed from the viewpoint of the impact dynamics. The typical metal forming patterns are studied based on the theory of wave propagation in solid. The effects of the geometry scale, friction, material parameters, ultrasonic amplitude and ultrasonic frequency on the forming process are analyzed. A combined parameter is proposed to evaluate the impact of the ultrasonic vibration on the specimen. The typical metal forming parttern are demonstrated by the experiment result of the literature.