bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Securing Jobs in Times of Recession. The German Experience during the Financial Crisis 2008/2009
Authors: Dietz Martin , Stops Michael , Walwei Ulrich
Published: April 2020

As a consequence of the global financial crisis Germany experienced the deepest slowdown of its economy since World War II. However, given the sharp decrease of GDP the German labour market was quite stable compared to previous recessions when the labour market response was stronger. Therefore, there are empirical indications for temporary labour hoarding and it can be shown that the most significant factor for securing jobs was a reduction of working time. At the beginning of the crisis the conditions for short-time work became more attractive to firms. Therefore, non-subsidised forms of working time reductions or labour hoarding were complemented by public subsidies in the form of short-time work.
Improving Competitiveness and Fostering Productivity in Spain
Authors: Escudero Verónica , López Mourelo Elva
Published: April 2020

Competitiveness in Spain has deteriorated dramatically over the past decade driven mainly by a decrease in labour productivity. Since the onset of the current crisis, however, there were some signs of recovery in labour productivity, which accompanied by well design policies could lead to a sustainable improvement in competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the main factors that lead to the deterioration in Spain’s competitiveness and describe some of the recent developments that lead us to believe that there are early signs of a departure from pre-crisis growth patterns. Finally, the paper discusses a number of policy shortcomings that Spain will need to address in order to attain a sustainable improvement in labour productivity and, therefore, make a structural transformation towards a more balanced economic growth.
El impacto de los costes de despido sobre el empleo en España: Una estimación con datos de panel
Authors: Martínez Matute Marta , Pérez Domínguez Carlos
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the effect of firing costs on the Spanish employment. On the basis of a theoretical model with two periods of time and firing costs, a regional dynamic panel data is estimated for the period 2005-2011. According to this model, two opposite effects take place: on the one hand, the presence of firing cost makes the employer more careful to hire new workers in the first period; but, on the other hand, the firing penalty makes the firm more reluctant to reduce employment in period 2. Then, the global effect of mandatory firing costs remains unclear. The main result obtained in our estimations is that higher firing costs would negatively affect employment in the short run, but in the long run this effect vanishes.
La estabilidad de los nuevos contratos indefinidos durante la crisis económica
Authors: Cebrián López Inmaculada , Moreno Raymundo Gloria
Published: April 2020

This paper is focused on how the economic crisis has concerned the stable employment that began in our country during the last years of economic expansion, when the rate of growth of the open ended contracts was the highest. The objective is to assess if it can be observed differences between the types of those open ended contracts with different costs of entry and exit to employment as well as to measure the incidence on their duration depending on special causes of exits. The database used is the “Continuous Sample of Working life” linked with registered contracts in Spanish Public Employment Service. The results show an important volume of instability associated mainly with jobs of low productivity and dismissals.
Un análisis dinámico de la calidad del trabajo en España. Los efectos de la crisis económica
Authors: Merino Llorente Maria Cruz , Somarriba Arechavala Noelia , Negro Macho Ana María
Published: April 2020

Among the main effects of the current economic crisis in Spain is the great loss of jobs, the unemployment rate exceeding 22%. In this situation, the actions of government aim to begin economic recovery and so create jobs. It affects the work quantity and not quality.The objective of this article is to measure the employment quality in the Spanish regions before and after the crisis. To achieve this goal, we use the P2 distance method to compose a Synthetic Dynamics Indicator of Quality of Work from 2000 to 2010. The study results show a deterioration in job quality in the different regions during the period accompanied by an increase in spatial polarization in terms of levels of job quality.
The Demand for Individual Grievance Procedures in Germany and Spain: Labour Law Changes versus Business Cycle
Authors: Frick Bernd , Malo Miguel A. , García Martínez Pilar , Schneider Martin
Published: April 2020

In this article, we analyze the determinants of annual number of grievance procedures, mainly individual complaints against unfair dismissals. Econometric analyses using two balanced panels from the 11 West German states (1964- 2006) and the 17 autonomous regions of Spain (1987-2006) show that labour market characteristics, such as the unemployment and the vacancy rate have a much stronger influence on the cyclical demand for individual grievance procedures than changes in “workers’ rights”. Thus, the individual costs of unemployment are better predictors of the demand for individual grievance procedures than institutional changes strengthening or weakening employees’ rights.
Glass Ceiling or Slippery Floors? Understanding Gender Differences in the Spanish Worker’s Compensation System
Authors: Moral de Blas Alfonso , Corrales-Herrero Helena , Martín-Román Angel
Published: April 2020

The main goal of this paper is to analyse gender differences in the Spanish workplace accident insurance or worker’s compensation (WC) system. More specifically, we are interested in understanding the differences  between  female and male employees in the duration of the recovery spell after a workplace accident. This will provide us with a better comprehension of the distinct opportunistic behaviour carried by men and women causing absenteeism. Our results show that women who are occupied in low-responsibility jobs experience unjustified longer periods of recovery than men. But, as the occupational ladder is climbed this pattern tends to disappear and, what is more striking, on top of the ladder women are found to be more job-committed than men. Besides, business cycle seems to have a greater effect on women than men.
Decisiones financieras, competencia en el mercado y desempeño de las empresas: Evidencia empírica para Iberoamérica
Authors: Sánchez-Valadez Manuel
Published: April 2020

Economic literature had shown the existence of the interrelationship between the financial decisions of the firms and their competitive decisions; either by convenience or by data availability, most of empiric papers addressed separately the influence of both kinds of decisions over firm performance. With it, this paper through a cross-section model, which uses information of around 3,500 enterprises in 14 Iberoamerican countries, explores jointly the possible effects of both kinds of decisions of the firms (financial and competitive) over their performance. The results suggest the existence of differences in the relationships between variables accordingly the market competition intensity. Also the results suggest that the financial decisions of the firms could be used as an additional tool of the competitive strategy of the firms.
Gasto público, permanencia en el poder y crecimiento económico
Authors: Marroquín Arreola Juan , Ríos Bolívar Humberto
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze how the government determines the proportion of public spending to maximize its political benefit and stay in power. Using growth models and making modifications in them, this study demonstrates that the actions of public expenditure and growth rate are determined by the parameters of political gain. Also, the results of the simulations show that if the political gain of distribution policy is high, the government will allocate a greater share of the fund for purposes of distribution adversely affecting economic growth.
Pengembangan Desain Batik Limbah Grajen di Bulakan Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Fitriani Fify , . Setyawan
Published: April 2020

Grajen Batik adalah batik yang dibuat dengan menggunakan pewarna alami yang berasal dari limbah pemotongan kayu yang berupa serbuk kayu (yang disebut Grajen dalam Bahasa Jawa). Grajen Batik dikembangkan di Bulakan Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah. Pengrajin batik di wilayah Bulakan memiliki puluhan tahun untuk mengejar proses batik dan mereka memiliki spesialisasi dalam motif batik parang, kawung, kopi pecah dan tirtotejo. Motif batik yang berkembang di Bulakan tidak menggambarkan karakteristik khas daerah Bulakan, karena pengrajin batik di Bulakan selama puluhan tahun hanya membuat pengembangan motif. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan batik yang memiliki ciri khas lingkungan tempat tinggal para pengrajin agar dapat membedakan dengan batik yang ada di daerah lain.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan desain dan etnografi, yang bertujuan agar desainnya ditata sebagai produk budaya di mana keberadaan batik tidak muncul dengan sendirinya, tetapi ada konteks sosial-budaya serta sejarah yang mendasarinya.
Authors: Ratnasari Adhindha Firdausa , Kahdar Kahfiati , Santosa Imam
Published: April 2020

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap total produksi alpukat (Persea americana Mill) di dunia dengan total produksi 334.047 ton (5,64%) pada 2017. Sejauh ini, hanya daging alpukat yang dikonsumsi. Hal ini menyebabkan limbah dari biji alpukat menumpuk dengan pemanfaatan yang rendah. Bahkan, ekstrak biji alpukat mengandung tanin yang dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami untuk tekstil.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan ekstrak biji alpukat untuk mewarnai dan membuat motif pada kain sutra, serta menerapkannya dalam menciptakan produk modest couture. Modest couture adalah salah satu pasar modest fashion yaitu couture. Konsumen menghabiskan sekitar US $ 270 miliar pada tahun 2017 dan diperkirakan mencapai US $ 361 miliar pada tahun 2023, sehingga diharapkan penggunaan limbah biji alpukat dapat digunakan secara teratur di pasar yang luas, terutama di Indonesia.

Dalam penelitian ini, penekanannya adalah pada berbagai warna dan motif yang dapat diproduksi melalui pewarna alami dari ekstrak biji alpukat, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan merancang produk modest couture sesuai dengan kriteria fashion couture dan hasil pengamatan dari produk couture yang ada.
EXPEDIENTE / MASTHEAD
Authors: Unicap Paralellus
Published: April 2020

Editor-GerenteProf. Dr. Newton Darwin de Andrade Cabral, PPG-CR UNICAPE-mails: newton.cabral@unicap.br / paralellus.ppgcrunicap@gmail.comADMINISTRAÇÃO SUPERIOR DA UNICAPPresidente/ChancelerPe. João Renato Eidt, S.J.Provincial dos Jesuítas do BrasilReitorProf. Dr. Pe. Pedro Rubens Ferreira Oliveira, S.J.Telefone: 2119-4110E-mail: pedro.rubens@unicap.brPró-reitoriasPró-reitora de Pesquisa e Pós-graduaçãoProfª Drª Valdenice José RaimundoTelefone: 2119-4088E-mail: valdenice.raimundo@unicap.brPró-reitor de Graduação e ExtensãoProf. Dr. Degislando Nóbrega de LimaTelefone: 2119-4055E-mail: degislando.nobrega@unicap.brPró-reitor ComunitárioProf. Dr. Pe. Lúcio Flávio Ribeiro CirneTelefone: 2119-4146E-mail: lucio.cirne@unicap.brPró-reitor AdministrativoProf. Msc. Márcio Waked de Moraes RêgoTelefone: 2119-4142E-mail: marcio.waked@unicap.brChefe de GabineteProf. Rodrigo PellegrinoTelefone: 2119-4037Email: rodrigo.pellegrino@unicap.brCoordenadora do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião da UNICAPProfª Drª Zuleica Dantas Pereira CamposTelefone: 2119-4022Email: zuleica.campos@unicap.brEditor coordenador do Portal de Periódicos da Universidade Católica de PernambucoMsc. Mariano Vicente da Silva FilhoTelefone: 2119-4026E-mail: mariano.vicente@unicap.br
TEOLOGIE DI DIALOGO: PAGINE SUL DIALOGO ECUMENICO E INTERRELIGIOSO NELLA STORIA DEL CRISTIANESIMO
Authors: Burigana Riccardo , Marques Luiz Carlos Luz
Published: April 2020

Questo dossiê è stato proposto subito dopo la publicazione della Costituzione apostolica Veritatis gaudium, sulle università e sulle facoltà, che papa Francesco ha firmato il 29 gennaio 2018, per aprire uno spazio alla publicazione di articoli sull’argomento, dal momento che la pubblicazione della costituzione di ha aperto nuovi scenari, anche, e soprattutto, nel campo del dialogo ecumenico e interreligioso.
IL RAPPORTO TRA CRISTIANI ED EBREI NEI DOCUMENTI DEL CONSIGLIO ECUMENICO DELLE CHIESE
Authors: Danieli Natascia
Published: April 2020

This article examines World Council of Churches (WCC) policy regarding the Jewish people throughout the analysis of produced documentation by WCC since 1948. There are different documents written from various WCC programme areas, as a consequence, to grasp the essence of a single WCC document, one has to establish which mode is prevailing in the policy logic of that document. The analysis of the different documentation reveals how much this relationship is changed during the years, evolving in something of completely different from the past to nowadays. At the beginning, the focus was antisemitism and Shoah, than the different theology and now the comprehension of the different identities between Christian and Jewish Communities. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRISTIANS AND JEWS IN WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES’ DOCUMENTSAbstractThis article examines World Council of Churches (WCC) policy regarding the Jewish people throughout the analysis of produced documentation by WCC since 1948. There are different documents written from various WCC programme areas, as a consequence, to grasp the essence of a single WCC document, one has to establish which mode is prevailing in the policy logic of that document. The analysis of the different documentation reveals how much this relationship is changed during the years, evolving in something of completely different from the past to nowadays. At the beginning, the focus was antisemitism and Shoah, than the different theology and now the comprehension of the different identities between Christian and Jewish Communities.
L’AIDE DU SAINT ESPRIT: NOTA SU FRÈRE ROGER NEI DIARI DEL CONCILIO VATICANO II
Authors: Blancini Gialuca
Published: April 2020

La presenza di Roger Schutz e Max Thurian della Comunità di Taizé al Concilio Vaticano II ha arricchito la riflessione sull’unità della Chiesa dal momento che i due monaci hanno offerto un contributo sulla spiritualità cristiana alla luce dell’esperienza ecumenica di Taizé. L’autore descrive la presenza dei due monaci al Vaticano II dalla lettura di alcuni diari dei partecipanti al Concilio mostrando il significato della presenza di Taizé al Vaticano II soprattutto per la promozione della riconciliazione delle memorie.L’AIDE DU SAINT ESPRIT: NOTE ON FRÈRE ROGER IN THE DIARIES OF THE VATICAN COUNCIL IIAbstractThe presence of Roger Schutz and Max Thurian of the community of Taizé at the Second Vatican Council enriched the reflection on the unity of the church because the two monks made a contribution on the christian spirituality in the light of the ecumenical experience of Taizè. the author describes the presence of the two monks at Vatican II from reading some diaries of the participants of the Council showing the meaning of Taizé's presence at Vatican ii especially for the promotion of the reconciliation of memories.
DALL’AMORIS LAETITIA AL DIALOGO ECUMENICO
Authors: Pesce Francesco
Published: April 2020

Questo articolo esamina la dimensione ecumenica dell’esortazione apostolica Amoris Laetitia di papa Francesco, mostrando come dipenda anche dagli interventi degli osservatori cristiani non-cattolici al Sinodo sulla famiglia. Questi interventi hanno messo in evidenza le ricchezze della riflessione ecumenica sul matrimonio che costituisce un elemento rilevante nel dialogo ecumenico da anni. La lettura ecumenica della Amoris Laetitia e la sua recezione pone l’attenzione sull’importanza della relazione tra grazia e matrimonio, il ruolo del matrimonio nell’evangelizzazione del XXI secolo e la natura dei matrimoni misti per la vita quotidiana e per la riflessione teologica della Chiesa Cattolica. FROM AMORIS LAETITIA TO ECUMENICAL DIALOGUEAbstractThis article examines the ecumenical dimension of Pope Francis' apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia, showing how it also depends on the interventions of non-Catholic Christian observers at the Synod on the Family. These interventions pointed out the riches of the ecumenical reflection on marriage that has been an important element in the ecumenical dialogue for years. The ecumenical reading of Amoris Laetitia and its reception focus the importance of the relationship between grace and marriage, the role of marriage in the evangelization in the 21st century and the nature of mixed marriages for daily life and theological reflection of the Catholic Church.
DECOLONIALIDADE E PRÁTICAS EMANCIPATÓRIAS: NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS PARA A ÁREA DE CIÊNCIAS DA RELIGIÃO E TEOLOGIA
Authors: PROVINCIATTO LUIS GABRIEL
Published: April 2020

Recensão da obra Decolonialidade e práticas emancipatórias: novas perspectivas para a área de Ciências da Religião e Teologia, de Cesar KUZMA e Paulo Fernando Carneiro de ANDRADE (org.). São Paulo: Paulinas, 2019.
IN CAMMINO… UN ANNO DI ESPERIENZE ECUMENICHE LOCALI E NON LOCALI DALLA VISITA DI PAPA FRANCESCO A GINEVRA
Authors: Burigana Riccardo
Published: April 2020

La visita di papa Francesco a Ginevra rappresenta una tappa significativa nel dialogo ecumenico per le parole e gesti che hanno caratterizzato la visita del papa al Consiglio Ecumenico delle Chiese in occasione del 70° anniversario della sua fondazione. La visita del papa ha acquistato un valore ancora più rilevante alla luce dei tanti eventi ecumenici che l’autore descrive, soffermandosi su alcuni temi condivisi; questi eventi hanno testimoniato la vitalità della stagione che sta vivendo l’ecumenismo a livello globale, nonostante il dibattito nel mondo ortodosso riguardo alla Chiesa Ucraina. ON THE WAY…. A YEAR OF ECUMENICAL LOCAL AND NOT LOCAL EXPERIENCES FROM POPE FRANCIS’ VISIT TO GENEVAAbstractPope Francis' visit to Geneva represents a significant step in the ecumenical dialogue for the words and deeds which characterized Pope’s visit to the World Council of Churches in occasion of 70th anniversary of its foundation. Pope’s visit gained even more value in light of so many ecumenical events which the author describes, by focusing some shared topics. They testified to the vitality of the season that the ecumenism lives, despite the debate inside the Orthodox world about the Ukrainian Church.
A JANGADA DO SELF: USOS SOTERIOLÓGICOS DO EU E DO NÃO-EU NO BUDDHISMO ANTIGO
Authors: Carvalho Felipe Nogueira de
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é sugerir que os ensinamentos Buddhistas sobreanattā(não-eu) não devem ser entendidos como uma negação categórica do eu, mas fazem parte de uma estratégia soteriológica comumente empregada pelo Buddha, de utilizar algo como ferramenta para o seu próprio fim. Tomando o kamma(ação) como o elemento central que estrutura todos os ensinamentos, podemos pensar na identificação do eu como um tipo de ação. Algumas instâncias desta ação serão hábeis e condutoras à libertação, e outras inábeis e condutoras ao sofrimento. Com isso em mente, este artigo irá analisar algumas ações inábeis do eu e do não-eu em suttasselecionados do Cânone Pali, mostrando como se encaixam na estratégia do Buddha de se utilizar de elementos como ferramentas para o abandono desses próprios elementos. Nessa perspectiva, o eu não é negado em absoluto desde o início do caminho, mas aprende-se a usa-lo de forma hábil como um meio de abandoná-lo.THE RAFT OF THE SELF: SOTERIOLOGICAL USES OF SELF AND NOT-SELF IN ANCIENT BUDDHISM ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to suggest that the Buddhist teachings on anattā (not-self) should not be understood as a categorical denial of the self, but constitute a soteriological strategy commonly employed by the Buddha, of using something as tool for its own demise.Taking kamma (action) as the main framework that structure all the other teachings, we can think of self-identification as a kind of action. Some instances of this action will be skillful and will lead to liberation, while others will be unskillful and will lead to suffering.With this in mind, the present article will analyze some skillful actions of self and not-self in selected suttas of the Pali canon, showing how they fit into the Buddha’s overall strategy of using elements as tools for their own demise. In this perspective, the self is not denied from the beginning of the path, but one learns how to use it skillfully in order to let go of it.
SABERES DOCENTES: REFERENCIAL PARA ORGANIZAÇÃO DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Junqueira Sergio Rogério Azevedo , Santos Rodrigo
Published: April 2020

Este texto é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre o impacto da formação inicial para o efetivo trabalho da docência. Este estudo é consequência da quarta etapa do Projeto Formação Inicial e Continuada para o Professor do Ensino Religioso no Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade, desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e Formação Educação e Religião (IPFER). Na primeira etapa foram identificadas propostas de formação inicial e continuada no cenário brasileiro; na segunda fase foi elaborada uma história da formação do professor de Ensino religioso nacionalmente; para a terceira fase foram elaborados estudos e estratégias de formação, a partir das redes sociais. A atual etapa, em parceria com o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Religião da Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA) e o IPFER, buscou compreender a relação entre a formação inicial e o cotidiano da sala de aula, utilizando como referencial os saberes docentes, de Maurice Tardif, em diálogo com um grupo de egressos para identificar esta relação. TEACHING KNOWLEDGE: REFERENCE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TEACHER EDUCATIONAbstractThis text is the result of a qualitative research on the impact of the initial formation for the effective teaching work. This study is a consequence of the fourth stage of the Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade (Instituto de Pesquisa e Formação Educação e Religião, IPFER). In the first stage, a proposal for initial and continued formation in the Brazilian scenario was identified; in the second phase a history of the formation of the teacher of religious education was elaborated nationally; for the third phase studies and training strategies were elaborated from social networks. Current stage in partnership with the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Religião da Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA) and the IPFER to understand the relationship between training and daily classroom as a reference the knowledge teachers of Maurice Tardif in dialogue with a group of graduates to identify this relationship.
OS DEGREDADOS FILHOS DE EVA DE ONTEM E DE HOJE
Authors: Libório Luiz Alencar , Araujo Sandra Helena Rios de
Published: April 2020

No Catolicismo, a veneração à Virgem Maria perpassa séculos. Uma quase milenar devoção é a oração da Salve, Rainha, atribuída ao monge beneditino HermannusContractus, em 1050. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar parte da oração da Salve Rainhae propor uma reflexão sobre “os degredados filhos de Eva” a partir da Doutrina Moral Sexual da Igreja Católica. Para tanto, o artigo coloca em evidência uma das causas da situação de abandono das crianças no período histórico do Brasil Colônia e Império e, no tempopresente de nossa história, a identificação de quem são esses filhos degredados hoje: crianças enjeitadas e discriminados sexualmente. Como resultado, a situação de degredo gerou as Santas Casas, com a célebre “roda dos expostos” que acolhiam diretamente as crianças enjeitadas e favoreciam indiretamente a sexualidade extramatrimonial que gerou os degredados de ontem e de hoje. THE EXILED SONS OF EVE, IN THE PAST AND TODAYAbstractIn Catholicism, the veneration of the Virgin Mary goes back centuries. An almost millennial devotion is the Hail Queen's prayer, attributed to the Benedictine monk Hermannus Contractus, in 1050. This article aims to analyze part oft the Hail Queen's prayer and to propose a reflection on “the exiled Sons of Eve” from the Sexual Moral Doctrine of the Catholic Church.To this end, the article highlights one of the causes of the abandonment situation of children in the historical period of Colonial and Empire of Brazil and nowadays of our history, the identification of who are these exiled children today: rejected children and sexually discriminated. As a result, the situation of exile generated the Holy Houses, with the famous “Wheel of the exposed” that directly welcomed the rejected children and indirectly favored the extra-marital sexuality that generated the yesterday's and today's exiled.
Coronavírus, o monstro microscópico na visão da ciência
Authors: Andreazzi Duarte D.
Published: April 2020

Nas últimas semanas muito tem se falado sobre coronavírus pelas mídias sociais e noticiários de todo o mundo. Como de costume, a mais nova gripe teve seu início na China e ultrapassou as fronteiras, se propagando por todo o mundo e logo tornou-se uma pandemia incontrolável e ameaçadora para mais de 7 bilhões de vidas. O que seria então esse monstro microscópico? Qual a sua origem e de onde vem seu poderio de destruição em massa? Será que o isolamento comunitário é a saída para evitar a instalação do caos generalizado? Onde estão os combatentes dessa guerra biológica? Leia esse editorial-cartilha na íntegra e descubra as respostas na visão da ciência moderna sobre esse cenário caótico em que estamos vivendo.
Formulation and Evaluation of Bio-adhesive Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Telmisartan
Authors: Patil S. V.  , Salokhe P. A.  , Patil S. S.  , Ustad J. Y.  , Shedbale S. S.
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate of Bio-adhesive pulsatile drug delivery system of Telmisartan, an anti-hypertensive drug in order to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. The approach of combination of bio-adhesive pulsatile formulation is suitable for gastro retention and time specific drug delivery. The study was carried by preparation of fast disintegrating core tablet followed by incorporation of core tablet to design bio-adhesive pulsatile tablet by press coating. The press coated tablet was prepared with the polymersethyl cellulose and carbopol. The formulation was evaluated for precompression and post compression parameters, lag time, drug release and bio-adhesive study. All evaluation parameters were found within limits. The lag time expected for this disease was 8 hours as need of drug release for this disease was more likely to act in early morning. The 8 hour lag time was obtained in optimized formulation which has shown muco-adhesion for the same period. Thus bio-adhesive pulsatile drug delivery system could be the best precautionary alternative for the drugs having maximum absorption in stomach and used for diseases which follows circadian rhythm.
Formulation and evaluation of self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system of ezetimibe for dissolution rate enhancement
Authors: Geethanjali K  , Vaiyana Rajesh C
Published: April 2020

The present study was aimed to develop a Self Nano Emulsifying Delivery System of Ezetimibe (EZM) for enhancing its dissolution rate. Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, being a lipophilic drug due to its low solubility EZM shows a low dissolution profile. The SNEDDS formulation consisted of excipients Cinnamon oil, Tween 80, PEG 400 as the Oil, Surfactant and Co-surfactant. Twelve formulations with different ratios of Oil, Surfactant and Co-surfactant were prepared. The liquid SNEDDS were then converted into Solid form by adsorption technique using Avicel PH 101 and Aerosil 200 as adsorbents. The liquid SNEDDS was characterised for Particle size, Emulsification time, Dispersibility, percentage transmittance, PCM, Centrifugation, Cloud Point and Freeze thaw cycle. The solid form was characterized for the flow property, SEM, Drug content and in-vitro dissolution. Among the twelve formulations F6 formulation was found to have a particle size of 196 nm and PDI of 0.123. F6 formulation was selected as the best and it was made into solid by adsorption onto solid carriers. The F6 formulation consisted of the 25% Cinnamon oil, 50% tween 80 and 25% PEG 400. The in-vitro dissolution rate of the prepared formulation was compared with the marketed formulation. The in-vitro dissolution data showed that the drug release at the end of 60 mins from marketed formulation was 63.75 % and from SNEDDS formulation was         90.62 %. The dissolution rate of the prepared SNEDDS was increased by 1.42 times than the marketed formulation. The increase in the dissolution rate shows that SNEDDS is a suitable drug delivery system to enhance the rate of dissolution of Ezetimibe.
Concept and description of Madhumegam (Diabetes mellitus) in Siddha System of Medicine
Authors: Sendhilkumar Muthappan  , Muralidass SD  , Eswaran Chinraji  , Mantela Durairajan
Published: April 2020

Rapid socio-economic development and demographic changes, along with an increased susceptibility for Indian individuals, have led to the explosive increase in the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India over the past four decades. Siddha System is one of the oldest Traditional Systems of Medicine in India and predominantly practiced in southern India especially in Tamil Nadu. The vital part of Siddha Medicine is to revitalize and rejuvenate dysfunctional organs that cause the disease and to maintain a healthy body and mind. According to Siddha, all objects and living bodies are composed of five basic structural elements (Panchabhutams), namely earth, water, fire, air, and vacuum (ether). Siddha believes in the theory of Tridoshams, namely wind (Vaatham), bile (Piththam), and phlegm (Kabam). The Madhumegam has 20 types which divided into Vaatham- 4, Piththam- 6 and Kabam- 10 types. Madhumegam is a clinical condition characterized by the frequent passage of urine more than the normal resulting in deterioration and diminution of Seven Thathus. The diagnosis in the Siddha system is based on the Land (Nilam), Season (Kaalam), Pori alaridhal, Pulan alarithal, Threedosham status (Mukkutra Nilaigal), Udal Thathukal Nilai and Envagai Thervugal. As the researchers looking an alternative way for treating this high burden disease, it is the need of the hour to invests more on to create the evidence to prevent, control and treat this high burden disorder by synthesizing the evidence from the Siddha.
Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury – A review
Authors: Elanthendral R  , Gayathri K  , Saravana Kumar S
Published: April 2020

Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury leads to the development of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease. Death due to these diseases is increasing at a high rate. Tissue damage due to ischemia and reperfusion results in the development of the above-mentioned diseases in heart. During prolonged ischemia, various physiological changes such as a decrease in ATP levels and intracellular pH occur due to dysfunction of ATP ase, and accumulation of lactate in myocardial tissue. The consequences of these reactions include increased accumulation of mitochondrial calcium, followed by cell swelling and death. Due to NF-kappa-B signal pathway activation and severe Cx43 degradation, a serious myocardial infarction occurs after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Knowledge related to the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury and its related treatments is important. This review explains the prevalence, risk factors, mechanism, modern medicine and traditional medicine for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Numerous medicinal plants have been scientifically evaluated for cardioprotective activity. Herbs that have been reported to exhibit therapeutic potency against Ischemic reperfusion injury are discussed in detail. There are a lot of diseases that are caused due to ischemic perfusion injury and end up in a significant rise in the rate of mortality. The details about ongoing research related to new drug development against myocardial ischemic perfusion injury are discussed here.
Nefopam induced dose-related changes in renal and hepatic functions
Authors: Nibras Jamal  , Ahmed Muthana  , Nada Sahib  , Zeena Ayad  , Esraa Ghazy  , Mays Imad
Published: April 2020

Nefopam is a non-opioid, centrally acting, non-steroidal analgesic drug. It is used to treat mild to moderate painful conditions. Although developed about five decades ago, its use has gained resurgence in recent years. This study was designed to investigate the effects of different analgesic doses of nefopam on the liver and kidneys of mice. Forty albino mice were divided into four groups of 10 mice for each group. Group 1, 2 &3 received a daily intraperitoneal injection of Nefopam at 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg doses, respectively. The fourth group (control group) received injections of normal saline. After two weeks of treatment, the animals were weighed and sacrificed, and then blood was collected for liver enzymes analysis and renal function test as well as histological assessment. The results revealed that the bodyweight increase ratio was significantly lower in group 3 (P-value <0.01). All tested liver enzymes i.e., ALT, AST, and ALP levels showed a highly significant (P-value <0.01) change among the tested groups. Although ALT remained within normal limits in the first two groups and normal group, in group 3 (30 mg/kg), its level exceeded the normal value. Liver enzyme changes reflected and supported the histopathological findings in the liver tissue. Group 2 & 3 showed varying degrees of hepatotoxicity, ranging from granulomatous lymphocytic infiltration to micro-vesicular steatosis and apoptotic pictures. Both kidney function test and histopathological examination, on the other hand, illustrated insignificant effect (P-value >0.05) of Nefopam on the kidneys. Nefopam is well tolerable by the liver at low analgesic doses but may have detrimental effects at higher analgesic doses and prolonged duration of intake.
A biological study of chitinase produced by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and detection of ChiA responsible gene
Authors: Tahreer Hadi Saleh  , SabaTalib Hashim  , Raghad Abdulatif Abdulrazaq Al-Obaidi  , Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah AL-Rubaii
Published: April 2020

All isolates in this study were diagnosed as P. aeroginosa according to the 16srRNA gene. Only two isolates were produced chitinase on chitin agar medium and were positive to the chiA gene. Most of the isolates exhibited high sensitivity (95%) and (90%) to Imipenem and Carbenicillin, respectively, and the resistance to Amoxicillin +Clavulanic acid was shown (80%), while revealed a variable degree in their response to others antibiotics. The crude extract activity and specific activity for extracted chitinase enzymes were 33 U/ml and 18.644U/mg, respectively. The enzyme was purified by different steps include: precipitating with saturation 70% of ammonium sulfate and then applied on ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE- cellulose column and then employ the Sephadex G-200 column for gel filtration chromatography. The purification fold and yield was 28.5%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE method, and it appeared at 50 kDa. The results of the MTT assay showed that the chitinase has a cytotoxic effect on cancer liver cell lines at a concentration of 100 µg /ml and increased gradually at a concentration of 600 µg /ml, while it showed no or less cytotoxic effect on normal embryonic liver cell line (WRL-68). Chitinase enzyme appeared a higher antibacterial activity at concentration 600 µg/ml and a lower activity at concentration 400 towards clinical isolates of S. aurous and E. coli. The study of histopathological effects was exhibited little morphological changes on cells of liver tissues.
Recent Review on Oxidative stress, Cellular senescence and Age-Associated Diseases
Authors: Nandita H  , Manohar M  , Gowda DV
Published: April 2020

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is considered as the main factor of the Free Radical theory of aging over centuries and it indicates the pathophysiology of aging in mammals. ROS causes oxidative stress, which is a major component in the aging process of higher organisms. ROS also leads to many age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. ROS causes damage to most of the biological membranes that cause these chronic diseases. Enhanced ROS levels at the cellular level lead to cellular senescence. It is a stage of cells where growth arrest happens associated with the secretion of Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Senescence maintains tissue homeostasis, functions in normal development and restricts tumor development. In this regard, recent experimental evidence has shown that the genetic or pharmacological ablation of senescent cells extends the life span and improves the healthspan. Here, we review the cellular and molecular links between cellular senescence and aging and discuss the novel therapeutic avenues that this connection opens.
Mucoadhesive Potential of Whey Protein Concentrate in Miconazole Mucoadhesive Prolong Release Tablets
Authors: Akshay Khairnar , Kishor Salunkhe , M J Chavan , Ravindra Chintamani
Published: April 2020

Orophygial candidiasis (OPC) is one of the most frequent Candida infections of the oral cavity this condition is common in patients with malnutrition, having chemotherapy, administrating immunosuppressive agents, or severe disease such as HIV. Prolong local administration of Miconazole is a must to treat OPC conditions in patients, which required the prolong mucoadhesion of the dosage form to provide local delivery of drugs for an extended time period with good mucoadhesion. Miconazole is synthetic imidazole antifungal agent, various prescription and over the counter product available like Miconazole Gel, Topical cream, Immediate release Tablet available in the market but that lack in the prolonged period of action to the local mucosa. In the present study combination of Whey protein concentrate (WPC), Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Lactose were evaluated as a potential buccal adhesive tablet. The various combination of Whey protein concentrate with release controlling polymer was tested using a Miconazole as a potential antifungal agent. The mucoadhesive potential of WPC evaluated using Tensiometer by calculating the detachment force and drug release of Miconazole was performed to study the prolong release activity of Tablet. The optimized combination of WPC/HPMC/Lactose through a statistical study showed significant bioadhesion to the porcine mucosa and prolong drug release for 10hrs.
Evaluation of palliative care knowledge among health care students- A pilot study
Authors: Ganapathy Sankar U.  , Monisha R.  , Christopher Amalraj Vallaba Doss  , Palanivel R. M.
Published: April 2020

Palliative care is given much importance in the curriculum of medical and health sciences. Before planning a new design and curriculum development, it is mandatory to test the knowledge and awareness of Occupational therapy students on palliative care. Thus it will help the expert’s panel to enhance the syllabus designing methods appropriate to the student’s knowledge.  Without paying much attention to enhance knowledge on palliative care among students might lead to failure in providing quality care. To evaluate the knowledge in palliative care among undergraduate occupational therapy students. The study population included BOT 1ST Year and BOT Final year students and CRI from SRM College OF Occupational therapy, Kattankulathur. After obtaining informed consent signed from the participants, they have been instructed to fill in the questionnaire. The questionnaire has demographic data and 35 questions under nine groups, for which the students were instructed to answer (Yes, No, Don’t know). A detailed instruction was there in the questionnaire to avoid leaving any questions blank. It was found that occupational therapy students were aware of palliative care. Knowledge in palliative care was not precise among occupational therapy students related to healthcare. Hence there is an emerging need to include palliate care in the curriculum for the development of knowledge in palliative care.
The role of Ghrelin Receptor Expression in the Diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Abbas M. Ajeed  , Alaa G. Hussein  , Nazar Alwakeel  , Omar F. Abdul-Rasheed
Published: April 2020

To determine the possible role of the assessment of Ghrelin receptor expression in breast tissues as a tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer and differentiate it from a benign breast tumor. A case-control study was done on 60 female patients with breast cancer and 60 female patients with benign breast tumors (Fibroadenoma) who were recruited from Al Imamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City and Oncology teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between May 2018 and December 2018. Immunohistochemical staining was done on the breast tissue samples obtained from patients and compared with the control group, which comprised 75 fibrocystic tissue samples obtained from age, BMI and sex-matched females. The degree of Ghrelin Receptor expression was determined immunohistochemically. The expression of Ghrelin receptors in breast malignant tumor tissues was higher than that in benign breast tumor tissues and controls, in addition to that, results obtained from all groups revealed that Ghrelin receptor intensity and its expression proportion were strongly and significantly associated with the type of tissues. The expression of the Ghrelin receptor can be considered as a highly significant immunohistochemical marker for the detection of breast tumors and for the differentiation between both types of tumors; benign and malignant.
Therapeutic application of Resveratrol in human diseases
Authors: Jayaprakash J S  , Gowda D V  , Kulkarni PK
Published: April 2020

Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a member of natural and plant-derived chemicals, which is known as polyphenols and it is getting more consideration because of its various health assistances. Largely in the case of neurological problems, cardiovascular disease, antiviral, cancer, antiaging. Although in the past few years, it has been shown that the families of enzymes Sirtuins, particularly situin1 (SIRT1), have an antiaging action. Thus, the natural compound resveratrol shows a very strong activation of SIRT1 and also shows antioxidant properties. The antioxidant effect mainly elicited by the inhibition of important pathways like the NF-ĸβ pathway. This review highlights the antiviral mechanism of resveratrol in human and animal viral infections. And also, information about cancer-related like colorectum cancer, skin cancer and lung cancer are also mentioned. Resveratrol also gives additional cardioprotective and vasoprotective properties, which include antiatherosclerotic action. Overall observation shows that resveratrol has a high therapeutic potential in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, anti-aging, antiviral and in the treatment of cancer.
Efficacy of breathing retraining program on bedside assessment of pulmonary function
Authors: Ganapathy Sankar U.  , Monisha R.  , Christopher Amalraj Vallaba Doss  , Palanivel R M
Published: April 2020

Breathing retraining alters respiratory muscle recruitment and improves respiratory muscle performance. However, the effectiveness of Pursed Lip Breathing in reducing dyspnoea is controversial. The aims of this study are to determine if breathing retraining is influencing the Single Breath Count performed by dyspneic subjects and to assess the correlation between Single breath Count Test and Snider match test as the standard measures of bedside pulmonary function test in patients with dyspnoea. 100 Patients with dyspnoea were assessed in the baseline with snider match test and they were asked to perform a single breath count. 5 times weekly and for 4 weeks, the participants have been practicing Breathing Retraining. Pursed lip breathing (PLB) and diaphragmatic breathing (DB) are breathing retraining strategies to subjects with dyspnoea; Single Breath Count was measured by asking patients to take a deep breath and count as far as possible in their normal speaking voice without taking another breath. Counting was timed to a metronome set at 2 counts per second. Snider match test was conducted by blowing the matches at increasing the test distance from 3, 6, 9 inches. The result of this study will determine whether breathing retraining is safe and beneficial for people with dyspnoea.
A review: Pharmaceutical excipients of solid dosage forms and characterizations
Authors: Iyan Sopyan  , Ni Made Widya Sukma Santi  , Alif Virisy Berlian  , Noer Erin Meilina  , Qisti Fauza  , Restu Amelia Apriyandi
Published: April 2020

Excipients play an important role in formulating dosage forms. Exertion is empowered to help manufacture, provide, or collect dosage forms. Although considered pharmacological, excipients may consider a drug, due to chemical or physical interactions with the composition of the drug. Excipients have many functions in pharmaceutical dosage forms, including enhancing active ingredients in dosage forms, assisting active ingredients, disintegration, lubricants, binders, and suppliers. Each excipient has different characteristics. In this review, a library of studios is provided relating to the function, function, and content of solid excipients in a solid sedan. Various choices can be used on different compositions; resulting, this difference is also different. In this example, describe the types of excipients that can be used for various components in solid preparations that can be used in the formulation of solid preparations and select the right type of excipient according to the character of the desired solid preparation. In this review also presented a method, combining in and characterizing solid excipients to see the quality. The most commonly used methods for analysis of solid excipients are flow properties, compressibility index, Hausner index ratios, and angle of repose, while the instrumentation commonly used is Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), H and C-Nucleo magnetic resonance (H-CNMR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRDP) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
A Review on Modern Drug Packaging in Pharmaceutical Industries
Authors: Parameshwarappa Rajendra Patel  , Gowrav M P  , Borra Vamsi  , Hemanth kumar S
Published: April 2020

Pharmaceutical packing is one of the markets throughout the world that is progressing at continuous pace. It’s predictable that market can grow to price $78.79 Billion by 2018. Packaging may be a key available for sale, protection and accomplishment. Like different grocery, prescribed drugs packaging got to be in such a fashion that it'll give quick packaging, safety, identification, goods superiority, patient safety, display and desires of security. Packaging is an art of science where several considerations are involved from the basic development of the design and the technology implemented to pack the product without any instability and providing protection, presentation and observance of manufactured goods during transportation, storage until it reaches the Consumed. Packaging technician design containers which would maintain the physiochemical, and biological stability about the drug and package would be able to withstand the pressures that would be inflicted the entire supply and transport process. Advancement in analysis of prescribed drugs development had perpetually being obsessed with the packaging skill. Maintaining truthfulness of prescribed drugs throughout storing, cargo and transport is guaranteed by quality of packing available. This current evaluation provides an in depth study of the pharmaceutical packaging trends and forecasting the packing outcomes in future.