bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Identification of Mononuclear Transition Metals Complexes 1, 3-Bis-((5-methyl-1H-Imidazol-4-yl) Methyleneamino) Propan-2-ol Ligand
Authors: Seck Gorgui Awa , Guèye Mbossé Ndiaye , Haba Pokpa , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadji , Diouf Ousmane , Sall Abdou Salam , Gaye Mohamed
Published: October 2024

The ligand 1,3-bis-((5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyleneamino)propan-2-ol (H3L) derived from 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol and 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde  has been synthetized and used to prepare five complexes in which the ligand acts in tetradentate fashion. Complexes formulated as [Mn(H3L)(H2O)2].2SCN (1), [(Co(H3L)].2SCN (2), [(Ni(H3L)].2SCN (3), [(Cu(H3L)(NO3)].(NO3).2H2O (4), and [(Zn(H3L)].2SCN (5) were synthesized by mixing an equimolar amount of an methanol solution containing the appropriate nitrate salt and KSCN, in 1:2 ratio, in the case of 1, 2, 3 and 5 and an ethanol solution containing the appropriate ligand H3L. The complex 4 has been synthetized in the absence of KSCN. In all the complexes the ligand acts in its neutral form and in tetradentate fashion, its hydroxy group remaining free and non-deprotonated. The ligand is coordinated to metal ion through two azomethine nitrogen atoms and two pyrazole sp2 nitrogen atoms. The complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, conductance and room temperature  magnetic moments measurements, UV–Vis and IR spectroscopic studies. The structure of the copper(II) complex 4 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions a = 8.5459 (3) Å, b = 10.9177 (3) Å, c = 22.4562 (6) Å, b = 96.954 (3)°, V = 2079.79 (11) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.050 and wR2 = 0.131. The CuII cation in N4O inner is situated in a distorted square pyramidal environment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Complexes of Metals Transition of N’1,N’4-Bis(1-(Pyridin-2-yl)Ethylidene)Succinohydrazide
Authors: Seck Gorgui Awa , Guèye Mbossé Ndiaye , Tamboura Farba Bouyagui , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadji , Diouf Ousmane , Sall Abdou Salam , Gaye Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Six news dinuclear metal transition (Mn(II) (1), Fe(II) (2), Co(II) (3), Ni(II) (4), Cu(II) (5)  and Zn(II) (6)) complexes have been synthesized from a new hexadentate Schiff base N’1,N’4-bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)succinohydrazide (H2L). The ligand was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-visible, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The synthetized compounds have been investigated by elemental analysis, FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopies, molar conductance and room temperature magnetic moments measurement. The results show that the complexes 1-6 are dinuclear neutral electrolytes in DMF. Each of the two mono deprotonated tridentate arms of the ligand are coordinated to one metal ion through one iminolate oxygen atom, one azomethine nitrogen atom and one pyridine nitrogen atom. Octahedral geometries are proposed for all the complexes 1-6 formulated as [(ML)2].nH2O. The structure of the Ni(II) (4) complex is confirmed by X-ray crystallography study.
Phytotherapeutic, Nutraceutical, Medicinal, and Forage Properties of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Choudhary Sharda , Singh Ravindra , Y Ravi, , Gena CB , Singh Dheeraj , Harisha CB , Meena RS , Meena NK , Chauhan VBS , V Kavan Kumar , Kumari Versha , Verma Arvind Kumar
Published: October 2024

Trigonella foenum-graceum L., commonly known as Fenugreek, is a yearly plant from the Fabaceae family. It boasts a wide array of uses and economic importance in both domestic and global markets. In India, it is grown primarily as a winter crop across several states, including Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Punjab, Telangana, and Uttaranchal. Historically, Fenugreek has played a significant role in Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medicinal tradition, for treating various ailments in both humans and animals. Its leaves are often eaten as a vegetable and are used to prepare dishes like "parathas" and various snacks such as Biscuits, Laddoo, Tadka, and Sprouts. In regions like Rajasthan and Punjab, Fenugreek is primarily grown for its use as green or dry fodder for livestock. As a plant in the Fabaceae family, Fenugreek's root nodules are responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate, which enhances nitrogen fixation and improves soil health. Fenugreek seeds and leaves are known for their diverse health benefits, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-fertility, and immune-modulating properties. Presence of 4-hydroxyisoleucine and diosgenin in fenugreek seed has several beneficial effects and gaining popularity in ayurveda It contains high fiber, protein and several bioactive compounds which make fenugreek a natural and health-promoting herb.
The Enzymatic Effect of Bio-agents on the Enzymatic Activity of Brinjal Infected with Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)
Authors: Choudhary Kavita , Bishnoi S.P. , Dhayal Raju , Chandrawat B.S. , Mittal G.K.
Published: October 2024

Effect of culture filtrate (20 per cent concentrate) of bioagents (viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pseudomonas fluorescens) were tested on root-knot nematode (M. javanica). The accumulation of PPO and PAL and Phenol in brinjal roots infected with root-knot nematode (M. javanica) were also evaluated. The results showed that application of bio-agents increased the level of PPO, PAL and phenol in brinjal roots. Among all the treatments, application of T. viride @ 3 gm/kg soil is best treatment enhancing PPO, PAL and phenol activity, improve plant growth characters as well as in reducing nematode population over other treatment.
Influence of Organic Growth Promoters on Yield and Quality of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Yadav Raju , Arvindakshan Kavita , Ghosalya Bhagawati
Published: October 2024

An experiment was conducted at Vegetable Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-2022 pea.The experiment consisted thirteen treatments of organic growth promoters viz. Panchagavya @ 2%, Panchagavya @ 4%,Panchagavya @ 6%, Jeevamrut @ 2%,Jeevamrut @ 4%, Jeevamrut @ 6% and Brahmastra @ 2%, Brahmastra @ 4%, Brahmastra @ 6% and vermiwash @ 5%, vermiwash @10%, vermiwash @15% and Control) and laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that the foliar spray of Panchagavya @ 4% was recorded higher chlorophyll content (2.81 mg/100g) in leaves over different growth promotors and control but it was found at par with the application of Panchagavya @ 4% , Vermiwash @ 5%,Vermiwash @ 10%, Vermiwash @ 15%,Jeevamrut @ 4%and Brahmastra @ 6% in pea. Significantly higher crude protein content (24.97%),ascorbic acid content (27.52 mg/100 g) and TSS content 19.0 ˚Brix were recorded with foliar application of Vermiwash @ 10% over control, Vermiwash @ 5%, Jeevamrut@2%, Jeevamrut @ 4%, Brahmastra @ 2%, Brahmastra @ 4% in pea. However, it was found at par with application of Panchagavya@ 2%, Panchagavya@ 4%, Panchagavya@ 6%, Vermiwash@ 10%, Vermiwash @ 15%, Jeevamrut @ 6% and Brahmastra @ 6% in the pea. Results revealed that under foliar spray of Vermiwash @ 15% (157.34 q/ha) and lowest was found in under control (118.76 q/ha), but it was found at par with application of Panchagavya@ 4%, Panchagavya @ 6%, Vermiwash @ 10%, Jeevamrut @ 4%, Jeevamrut @ 6%, Brahmastra @ 4% and Brahmastra @ 4% yield of pea.
Isolation and Characterization of Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Producing Commercially Important UV-B Absorbing Compound
Authors: Boukar Mamadou Chetima Maina , Saley Moussa Diagara , Rabiou Maman Moustapha , Bagana Mai Moussa Chetima , Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) constitute an important class of small water-soluble ultraviolet radiation (UV)-absorbing compounds to counteract UV damages in algae and other organisms, and have potential applications in sun care products as the active ingredients. In this study, one filamentous cyanobacterium strain was isolated from the soil in southeast of Niger (Diffa), which received strong UV radiation in summer. The 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis classified the new isolate as Leptolyngbyasp.CN1. MAA production was low in Leptolyngbya sp.CN1 under white light condition but was significantly enhanced by prolonged UV-B treatments. Liquid chromatography revealed one dominant type of MAAs in Leptolyngbya sp.CN1, and this kind of MAA was characterized as shinorine based on special characteristics of in line absorption spectrum and mass spectrum. The shinorine content was as high as 940 ug.mg-1 dry weight after 4 days of UV-B treatment. The present investigation indicates considerable shinorine is induced to protect Leptolyngbya sp.CN1 from UV-B radiation, and also provide an avenue to explore the source of various MAAs from the biotechnology perspective.
Resistin causes G1 arrest in colon cancer cells through upregulation of SOCS3
Authors: Singh Snahlata , Chouhan Surbhi , Mohammad Naoshad , Bhat Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2017

Resistin, a proinflammatory cytokine, is elevated in a number of pathological disorders, including cancer. The serum resistin level in colon cancer patients is elevated and correlates with tumor grade. However, the implications of increased resistin on colon cancer cells remain unclear. In the present study, we find that resistin binds to TLR4 on colon cancer cell membrane and initiates TLR4‐MyD88‐dependent activation of ERK. In addition, the upregulation of SOCS3 by ERK downregulates the JAK2/TAT3 pathway and causes the arrest of cells in G1 phase. Interestingly, we observe that resistin‐exposed cells survive 5‐fluorouracil treatment because of a decrease in drug uptake due to the arrest of cells in G1 phase.
Effects of electrojet turbulence on a magnetosphere‐ionosphere simulation of a geomagnetic storm
Authors: Wiltberger M. , Merkin V. , Zhang B. , Toffoletto F. , Oppenheim M. , Wang W. , Lyon J. G. , Liu J. , Dimant Y. , Sitnov M. I. , Stephens G. K.
Published: April 2017

Ionospheric conductance plays an important role in regulating the response of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to solar wind driving. Typically, models of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling include changes to ionospheric conductance driven by extreme ultraviolet ionization and electron precipitation. This paper shows that effects driven by the Farley‐Buneman instability can also create significant enhancements in the ionospheric conductance, with substantial impacts on geospace. We have implemented a method of including electrojet turbulence (ET) effects into the ionospheric conductance model utilized within geospace simulations. Our particular implementation is tested with simulations of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global magnetosphere model coupled with the Rice Convection Model of the inner magnetosphere. We examine the impact of including ET‐modified conductances in a case study of the geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2013. Simulations with ET show a 13% reduction in the cross polar cap potential at the beginning of the storm and up to 20% increases in the Pedersen and Hall conductance. These simulation results show better agreement with Defense Meteorological Satellite Program observations, including capturing features of subauroral polarization streams. The field‐aligned current (FAC) patterns show little differences during the peak of storm and agree well with Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) reconstructions. Typically, the simulated FAC densities are stronger and at slightly higher latitudes than shown by AMPERE. The inner magnetospheric pressures derived from Tsyganenko‐Sitnov empirical magnetic field model show that the inclusion of the ET effects increases the peak pressure and brings the results into better agreement with the empirical model.
Possible Ceres bow shock surfaces based on fluid models
Authors: Jia Y.‐D. , Villarreal M. N. , Russell C. T.
Published: April 2017

The hot electron beams that Dawn detected at Ceres can be explained by fast‐Fermi acceleration at a temporary bow shock. A shock forms when the solar wind encounters a temporary atmosphere, similar to a cometary coma. We use a magnetohydrodynamic model to quantitatively reproduce the 3‐D shock surface at Ceres and deduce the atmosphere characteristics that are required to create such a shock. Our most simple model requires about 1.8 kg/s, or 6 × 1025/s water vapor production rate to form such a shock. Such an estimate relies on characteristics of the solar wind‐Ceres interaction. We present several case studies to show how these conditions affect our estimate. In addition, we contrast these cases with the smaller and narrower shock caused by a subsurface induction. Our multifluid model reveals the asymmetry introduced by the large gyroradius of the heavy pickup ions and further constrains the IMF direction during the events.
Revised constraints on absolute age limits for Mercury's Kuiperian and Mansurian stratigraphic systems
Authors: Banks Maria E. , Xiao Zhiyong , Braden Sarah E. , Barlow Nadine G. , Chapman Clark R. , Fassett Caleb I. , Marchi Simone S.
Published: April 2017

Following an approach similar to that used for the Moon, Mercury's surface units were subdivided into five time‐stratigraphic systems based on geologic mapping using Mariner 10 images. The absolute time scale originally suggested for the time periods associated with these systems was based on the assumption that the lunar impact flux history applied to Mercury. However, we find that the duration and onset of corresponding periods in the stratigraphic sequences on Mercury and the Moon are not the same. Using high‐resolution and multiband image data obtained by the MErcury Surface, Space ENviroment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, we identify and catalog fresh impact craters interpreted to have formed during Mercury's two most recent periods, the Mansurian and Kuiperian. We use the densities of the inferred Kuiperian‐ and Mansurian‐aged crater populations to estimate new limits for the age boundaries of these time intervals. Results suggest that both the Mansurian and Kuiperian periods began more recently and extended for significantly shorter durations of time than previously suggested. The Kuiperian is estimated to have initiated as recently as ~280 ± 60 Ma and the Mansurian as recently as ~1.7 ± 0.2 Ga.
Biophysical drivers of seasonal variability in Sphagnum gross primary production in a northern temperate bog
Authors: Walker Anthony P. , Carter Kelsey R. , Gu Lianhong , Hanson Paul J. , Malhotra Avni , Norby Richard J. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Wullschleger Stan D. , Weston David J.
Published: April 2017

Sphagnum mosses are the keystone species of peatland ecosystems. With rapid rates of climate change occurring in high latitudes, vast reservoirs of carbon accumulated over millennia in peatland ecosystems are potentially vulnerable to rising temperature and changing precipitation. We investigate the seasonal drivers of Sphagnum gross primary production (GPP)—the entry point of carbon into wetland ecosystems. Continuous flux measurements and flux partitioning show a seasonal cycle of Sphagnum GPP that peaked in the late summer, well after the peak in photosynthetically active radiation. Wavelet analysis showed that water table height was the key driver of weekly variation in Sphagnum GPP in the early summer and that temperature was the primary driver of GPP in the late summer and autumn. Flux partitioning and a process‐based model of Sphagnum photosynthesis demonstrated the likelihood of seasonally dynamic maximum rates of photosynthesis and a logistic relationship between the water table and photosynthesizing tissue area when the water table was at the Sphagnum surface. The model also suggested that variability in internal resistance to CO2 transport, a function of Sphagnum water content, had minimal effect on GPP. To accurately model Sphagnum GPP, we recommend the following: (1) understanding seasonal photosynthetic trait variation and its triggers in Sphagnum; (2) characterizing the interaction of Sphagnum photosynthesizing tissue area with water table height; (3) modeling Sphagnum as a “soil” layer for consistent simulation of water dynamics; and (4) measurement of Sphagnum “canopy” properties: extinction coefficient (k), clumping (Ω), and maximum stem area index (SAI).
Seafloor age dependence of Rayleigh wave phase velocities in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Godfrey Karen E. , Dalton Colleen A. , Ritsema Jeroen
Published: April 2017

Variations in the phase velocity of fundamental‐mode Rayleigh waves across the Indian Ocean are determined using two inversion approaches. First, variations in phase velocity as a function of seafloor age are estimated using a pure‐path age‐dependent inversion method. Second, a two‐dimensional parameterization is used to solve for phase velocity within 1.25° × 1.25° grid cells. Rayleigh wave travel time delays have been measured between periods of 38 and 200 s. The number of measurements in the study area ranges between 4139 paths at a period of 200 s and 22,272 paths at a period of 40 s. At periods < 100 s, the phase velocity variations are strongly controlled by seafloor age and shown to be consistent with temperature variations predicted by the half‐space‐cooling model for a mantle potential temperature of 1400°C. The inferred thermal structure beneath the Indian Ocean is most similar to the structure of the Pacific upper mantle, where phase velocities can also be explained by a half‐space‐cooling model. The thermal structure is not consistent with that of the Atlantic upper mantle, which is best fit by a plate‐cooling model and requires a thin plate. Removing age‐dependent phase velocity from the 2‐D maps of the Indian Ocean highlights anomalously high velocities at the Rodriguez Triple Junction and the Australian‐Antarctic Discordance and anomalously low velocities immediately to the west of the Central Indian Ridge.
Subsynoptic‐scale features associated with extreme surface gusts in UK extratropical cyclone events
Authors: Earl N. , Dorling S. , Starks M. , Finch R.
Published: April 2017

Numerous studies have addressed the mesoscale features within extratropical cyclones (ETCs) that are responsible for the most destructive winds, though few have utilized surface observation data, and most are based on case studies. By using a 39‐station UK surface observation network, coupled with in‐depth analysis of the causes of extreme gusts during the period 2008–2014, we show that larger‐scale features (warm and cold conveyer belts) are most commonly associated with the top 1% of UK gusts but smaller‐scale features generate the most extreme winds. The cold conveyor belt is far more destructive when joining the momentum of the ETC, rather than earlier in its trajectory, ahead of the approaching warm front. Sting jets and convective lines account for two thirds of severe surface gusts in the UK.
Influence of parameterized small‐scale gravity waves on the migrating diurnal tide in Earth's thermosphere
Authors: Yiğit Erdal , Medvedev Alexander S.
Published: April 2017

Effects of subgrid‐scale gravity waves (GWs) on the diurnal migrating tides are investigated from the mesosphere to the upper thermosphere for September equinox conditions, using a general circulation model coupled with the extended spectral nonlinear GW parameterization of Yiğit et al. (). Simulations with GW effects cut off above the turbopause and included in the entire thermosphere have been conducted. GWs appreciably impact the mean circulation and cool the thermosphere down by up to 12–18%. GWs significantly affect the winds modulated by the diurnal migrating tide, in particular, in the low‐latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere and in the high‐latitude thermosphere. These effects depend on the mutual correlation of the diurnal phases of the GW forcing and tides: GWs can either enhance or reduce the tidal amplitude. In the low‐latitude MLT, the correlation between the direction of the deposited GW momentum and the tidal phase is positive due to propagation of a broad spectrum of GW harmonics through the alternating winds. In the Northern Hemisphere high‐latitude thermosphere, GWs act against the tide due to an anticorrelation of tidal wind and GW momentum, while in the Southern high‐latitudes they weakly enhance the tidal amplitude via a combination of a partial correlation of phases and GW‐induced changes of the circulation. The variable nature of GW effects on the thermal tide can be captured in GCMs provided that a GW parameterization (1) considers a broad spectrum of harmonics, (2) properly describes their propagation, and (3) correctly accounts for the physics of wave breaking/saturation.
T‐matrix and radiative transfer hybrid models for densely packed particulates at mid‐infrared wavelengths
Authors: Ito G. , Arnold J. A. , Glotch T. D.
Published: April 2017

Mid‐infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for remotely sensing the composition of Earth and other planets. Quantitative mineralogical investigations are possible using remotely sensed data; however, the difficulty in modeling complex interactions of light with particles that are on the order of the wavelength limits the usefulness of the remote sensing data. As part of an effort to develop a more effective treatment of light scattering in planetary regolith, we explore the ability of T‐matrix and radiative transfer (RT) hybrid models to produce emissivity spectra that are consistent with laboratory measurements. Parameters obtained from T‐matrix calculations are used in three different RT models to construct emissivity spectra of enstatite particles of different sizes. Compared to the widely used Mie/RT hybrid models, the T‐matrix/RT hybrid models produce more consistent emissivity spectra for the finest particle size fraction (3.3 μm). Overall, T‐matrix hybrid models produce improved emissivity spectra, but larger particle sizes are still difficult to model. The improvement observed in T‐matrix/RT hybrid models is a result of the inclusion of multiple scattering in closely packed media, and it demonstrates the importance of the implementation of physically realistic factors in developing a more effective light scattering model for planetary regolith. Further development and implementation of this and similar hybrid models will result in an improvement in quantitative assessments of planetary particulate surfaces from mid‐infrared spectra.
Observers' Language Proficiencies and the Detection of Non‐native Speakers' Deception
Authors: Leach Amy‐May , Snellings Renée L. , Gazaille Mariane
Published: April 2017

We examined whether observers' language proficiencies affected their abilities to detect native and non‐native speakers' deception. Native and non‐native English speakers were videotaped as they either lied or told the truth about having cheated on a test. A total of 284 laypersons—who were either native or non‐native English speakers themselves—viewed these videos and indicated whether they believed that the speakers were being truthful or deceptive. Observers were more accurate when judging native speakers than when judging non‐native speakers, suggesting that perceptual fluency aided deception detection. Although there was no effect of observers' language proficiencies on discrimination, their belief that interviewees were telling the truth increased with proficiency. On the whole, these findings suggest that non‐native speakers may be at greater risk of being incorrectly classified in forensic contexts.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing Interfacial Resistance between Garnet‐Structured Solid‐State Electrolyte and Li‐Metal Anode by a Germanium Layer
Authors: Luo Wei , Gong Yunhui , Zhu Yizhou , Li Yiju , Yao Yonggang , Zhang Ying , Fu Kun (Kelvin) , Pastel Glenn , Lin Chuan‐Fu , Mo Yifei , Wachsman Eric D. , Hu Liangbing
Published: April 2017

Substantial efforts are underway to develop all‐solid‐state Li batteries (SSLiBs) toward high safety, high power density, and high energy density. Garnet‐structured solid‐state electrolyte exhibits great promise for SSLiBs owing to its high Li‐ion conductivity, wide potential window, and sufficient thermal/chemical stability. A major challenge of garnet is that the contact between the garnet and the Li‐metal anodes is poor due to the rigidity of the garnet, which leads to limited active sites and large interfacial resistance. This study proposes a new methodology for reducing the garnet/Li‐metal interfacial resistance by depositing a thin germanium (Ge) (20 nm) layer on garnet. By applying this approach, the garnet/Li‐metal interfacial resistance decreases from ≈900 to ≈115 Ω cm2 due to an alloying reaction between the Li metal and the Ge. In agreement with experiments, first‐principles calculation confirms the good stability and improved wetting at the interface between the lithiated Ge layer and garnet. In this way, this unique Ge modification technique enables a stable cycling performance of a full cell of lithium metal, garnet electrolyte, and LiFePO4 cathode at room temperature.
Ultrahigh‐Water‐Content, Superelastic, and Shape‐Memory Nanofiber‐Assembled Hydrogels Exhibiting Pressure‐Responsive Conductivity
Authors: Si Yang , Wang Lihuan , Wang Xueqin , Tang Ning , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: April 2017

High‐water‐content hydrogels that are both mechanically robust and conductive could have wide applications in fields ranging from bioengineering and electronic devices to medicine; however, creating such materials has proven to be extremely challenging. This study presents a scalable methodology to prepare superelastic, cellular‐structured nanofibrous hydrogels (NFHs) by combining alginate and flexible SiO2 nanofibers. This approach causes naturally abundant and sustainable alginate to assemble into 3D elastic bulk NFHs with tunable water content and desirable shapes on a large scale. The resultant NFHs exhibit the integrated properties of ultrahigh water content (99.8 wt%), complete recovery from 80% strain, zero Poisson's ratio, shape‐memory behavior, injectability, and elastic‐responsive conductivity, which can detect dynamic pressure in a wide range (>50 Pa) with robust sensitivity (0.24 kPa−1) and durability (100 cycles). The fabrication of such fascinating materials may provide new insights into the design and development of multifunctional hydrogels for various applications.
Efficient Generation of C–S Bonds via a By‐Product‐Promoted Selective Coupling of Alcohols, Organic Halides, and Thiourea
Authors: Ma Xiantao , Yu Lei , Su Chenliang , Yang Yaqi , Li Huan , Xu Qing
Published: April 2017

A metal‐ and base‐free three‐component coupling of alcohols, heteroaryl halides, and thiourea has been developed for direct and selective synthesis of heteroaryl thioethers. This method can be easily scaled up to the gram scale and extended to dialkyl thioethers, heteroaryl selenides, benzothiazoles, and some antimycobacterially‐active thioethers. Mechanistic studies revealed that a by‐product‐promoted in situ C–O activation of alcohols to more reactive alkyl halides and slow release of the thiol and alkyl halide intermediates are the key to the high selectivity and success of the reaction.

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A Highly Active Perovskite Cathode for Low‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: BaCo0.7Fe0.22Sc0.08O3–δ
Authors: He Wei , Dong Fei‐Fei , Wu Xue‐Lian , Ni Meng
Published: April 2017

Low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT‐SOFCs) have attracted much attention for their long‐term stability, short start‐up time, and economic competitiveness. Development of a high electrochemical active cathode for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key to LT‐SOFCs. In this study, a cubic perovskite BaCo0.7Fe0.22Sc0.08O3–δ (BCFSc) is synthesized and investigated. It exhibits extremely low polarization resistances (e.g., 0.03 Ω cm2 at 600 °C) in symmetric cell using Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) as the electrolyte, indicating an excellent ORR catalytic activity. A maximum output power density of 1446 mW cm−2 is achieved at 600 °C for a single cell with an anode functional layer, which is much larger than the one without it (1045 mW cm−2). The favorable performance enables BCFSc to be a candidate cathode for LT‐SOFCs.
Pleural malignant mesothelioma in dental laboratory technicians: A case series
Authors: Mensi Carolina , Ciullo Francesco , Barbieri Gino Pietro , Riboldi Luciano , Somigliana Anna , Rasperini Giulio , Pesatori Angela Cecilia , Consonni Dario
Published: April 2017

Asbestos was used in dentistry as a binder in periodontal dressings and as lining material for casting rings and crucible. However, until now, only one case of malignant mesothelioma with occupational exposure to asbestos in dental practice has been reported. We present 4 pleural mesotheliomas out of 5344 cases identified in Lombardy, Italy, in 2000‐2014. Three men had been working as dental laboratory technicians, with asbestos exposure for 10, 34, and 4 years, and one woman had been helping her husband for 30 years in manufacturing dental prostheses. The men described the use of asbestos as a lining material for casting rings, while the woman was not able to confirm this use. We confirm the association of malignant mesothelioma with dental technician work. Dental technicians suffering from mesothelioma should be questioned about past occupational asbestos exposure.
Degradation of the BAF Complex Factor BRD9 by Heterobifunctional Ligands
Authors: Remillard David , Buckley Dennis L. , Paulk Joshiawa , Brien Gerard L. , Sonnett Matthew , Seo Hyuk‐Soo , Dastjerdi Shiva , Wühr Martin , Dhe‐Paganon Sirano , Armstrong Scott A. , Bradner James E.
Published: April 2017

The bromodomain‐containing protein BRD9, a subunit of the human BAF (SWI/SNF) nucleosome remodeling complex, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. Despite the development of chemical probes targeting the BRD9 bromodomain, there is a limited understanding of BRD9 function beyond acetyl‐lysine recognition. We have therefore created the first BRD9‐directed chemical degraders, through iterative design and testing of heterobifunctional ligands that bridge the BRD9 bromodomain and the cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Degraders of BRD9 exhibit markedly enhanced potency compared to parental ligands (10‐ to 100‐fold). Parallel study of degraders with divergent BRD9‐binding chemotypes in models of acute myeloid leukemia resolves bromodomain polypharmacology in this emerging drug class. Together, these findings reveal the tractability of non‐BET bromodomain containing proteins to chemical degradation, and highlight lead compound dBRD9 as a tool for the study of BRD9.
A Facile and Versatile Synthesis of Energetic Furazan‐Functionalized 5‐Nitroimino‐1,2,4‐Triazoles
Authors: Xu Zhen , Cheng Guangbin , Yang Hongwei , Ju Xuehai , Yin Ping , Zhang Jiaheng , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: April 2017

An analogue‐oriented synthetic route for the formulation of furazan‐functionalized 5‐nitroimino‐1,2,4‐triazoles has been explored. The process was found to be straightforward, high yielding, and highly efficient, and scalable. Nine compounds were synthesized and the physicochemical and energetic properties, including density, thermal stability, and sensitivity, were investigated, as well as the energetic performance (e.g., detonation velocities and detonation pressures) as evaluated by using EXPLO5 code. Among the new materials, compounds 4–6 and 11 possess high densities, acceptable sensitivities, and good detonation performances, and thereby demonstrate the potential applications as new secondary explosives.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 5‐(o‐Tolyl)‐1H‐tetrazole Derivatives as Potent Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: Dong Shiyang , Wang Tiantian , Wang Huayu , Qian Kun , Zhang Zhongli , Zuo Yueming , Luo Guangming , Jin Yi , Wang Zengtao
Published: April 2017

A series of 5‐(o‐tolyl)‐1H‐tetrazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activities. 1‐(2‐Methylbenzyl)‐5‐(o‐tolyl)‐1H‐tetrazole (3h) showed important anticonvulsant activity against the MES‐induced seizures, as well as lower neurotoxicity with an ED50 value of 12.7 mg/kg and a TD50 value of over 500 mg/kg after intraperitoneal injection into mice, providing 3h with a high protective index (TD50/ED50) of over 39.4. The achieved results prove that the distinctive compounds could be valuable as a model for future development, adaptation, and investigation to construct more active analogues.
Studies suggest intersecting minority identities put students at greater risk
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2017

Students who are members of racial, sexual, or gender minority groups are more likely to be assaulted. And students who believe their colleges are inclusive and tolerant of sexual and gender minority individuals are less likely to be victims of assault. These findings come courtesy of two complementary studies published in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence and Prevention Science.
Priced just for me: The role of interpersonal attachment style on consumer responses to customized pricing
Authors: David Meredith E. , Bearden William O. , Haws Kelly L.
Published: April 2017

Customized pricing is an increasing phenomenon in the marketplace, but little is known about factors influencing consumer responses to customized pricing. The present paper seeks to gain an understanding of how, why, and when this emerging pricing mechanism may offer benefits. Specifically, this research focuses on how consumers respond to customized pricing tactics and, more specifically, on how interpersonal attachment orientations impact consumers' responses to prices offered in the presence of a customized pricing program. The results of 3 studies suggest that customized pricing programs likely create an expectation for a discounted price among securely attached individuals, such that these consumers are dissatisfied paying the shelf price in the presence of a customized pricing program. Overall, the results provide evidence that, although customized pricing programs are often used to enhance consumer evaluations, they may not always be effective. This paper advances prior research by integrating important considerations for both pricing and customization strategies based on individual and situational differences in attachment orientations.
Identification of circulating miRNA involved in meat yield of Korean cattle
Authors: Lee Surim , Park Seung‐Ju , Cheong Jae‐kyoung , Ko Jong‐Youl , Bong Jinjong , Baik Myunggi
Published: April 2017

Cattle plays an important role in providing essential nutrients through meat production. Thus, we focused on epigenetic factors associated with meat yield. To investigate circulating miRNAs that are involved with meat yield and connect biofluids and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in Korean cattle, we performed analyses of the carcass characteristics, miRNA array, qPCR, and bioinformatics. Carcass characteristics relative to the yield grade (YG) showed that the yield index and rib eye area were the highest, whereas the backfat thickness was the lowest for YG A (equal to high YG) cattle among the three YGs. miRNA array sorted the circulating miRNAs that connect biofluids and LD muscle. miRNA qPCR showed that miR‐15a (r = 0.84), miR‐26b (r = 0.91), and miR‐29c (r = 0.92) had positive relationships with biofluids and LD muscle. In YG A cattle, miR‐26b was considered to be a circulating miRNA connecting biofluids and LD muscle because the target genes of miR‐26b were more involved with myogenesis. Then, miR‐26b‐targeted genes, DIAPH3 and YOD1, were downregulated in YG A cattle. Our results suggest that miR‐15a, miR‐26b, and miR‐29c are upregulated in biofluids and LD muscle, whereas DIAPH3 and YOD1 are downregulated in the LD muscle of finishing cattle steers.
De novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(2;3)(q31;q27) in a fetus conceived using PGD in a t(2;14)(q35;q32.1) balanced reciprocal translocation carrier mother
Authors: Kim Ji Won , Shim Sung Han , Lee Woo Sik
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

We reported a case of a t(2;14) balanced reciprocal translocation carrier mother that conceived by IVF accompanied by PGD/PGS using array‐CGH; however, de novo t(2;3) was detected in the prenatal diagnosis. A healthy baby was delivered, and careful observation is needed for PGD/PGS cases.
Achieving a satisfactory clinical and biochemical response in antiphospholipid syndrome and severe thrombocytopenia with rituximab: two case reports
Authors: Gamoudi Donia , Cutajar Melanie , Gamoudi Nadia , Camilleri David James , Gatt Alex
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

In AP syndrome (APS) with severe thrombocytopenia, rituximab represents a unique drug which can balance the effect of bleeding and thrombosis. By reducing the production of autoantibodies, rituximab can simultaneously raise the platelets and reduce the chance of thrombosis by suppressing APL antibodies. Rituximab can supersede splenectomy as second‐line therapy in similar patients.
Stress fractures in older athletes: a case report and literature review
Authors: Barros André , Karmali Samir , Rosa Bárbara , Gonçalves Ricardo
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

The incidence of stress injuries in older athletes is increasing, associated with a more active older population. The same principles apply for its prevention and treatment, but older athletes usually present a more adverse outcome. It is mandatory to raise awareness to this common, but frequently neglected pathology.
A presentation of postcardiac injury syndrome after successful chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention using dissection re‐entry techniques
Authors: Elbaz‐Greener Gabby , Wijeysundera Harindra C.
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

Retrograde dissection re‐entry can cause pericardial trauma of sufficient degree to lead to the development of an auto‐immune postpericardial injury syndrome. Clinical suspicion for this condition should be high in the event of fever, symptoms, pericardial/pleural effusion, and pleuritic chest pain following chronic total occlusion (CTO) Post cardiac injury syndromes (PCI).
Error Analysis of Improved Current‐Bridge Method for Accurate Low‐Impedance Measurement
Authors: KON SEITARO , YAMADA TATSUJI
Published: April 2017

The improved current‐bridge method and its mathematical mode are proposed for accurate low‐impedance measurement. To realize the accurate measurements of shunt resistors smaller than 1 mΩ, the expansion of current ratio of a current transformer and a current comparator, the use of low‐value resistance for reference impedance, and the development of a buffer amplifier which have flat load characteristics are required. The improved current bridge‐method has the possibility for accurate measurement of shunt resistors up to 10 μΩ.
Analysis of Physiological Effect of Reading Books by Paper and Electronic Medium
Authors: BANDO SHIZUKA , ASANO HIROTOSHI , NOZAWA AKIO
Published: April 2017

Digital books have become popular as electronic media has become more common. An evaluation that includes not only a subjective assessment of readability or usability, but also an objective assessment of psychometric health impact is needed. The goal of this study is an objective assessment of the physiological and psychological effects of reading books using electronic or paper media. This paper focuses on hemodynamic parameters. The measurement items include VAS and POMS as a psychological index and hemodynamic parameters as a physiological index. As a result, low levels of vigor and limited readability were recognized as significant (p < 0.05) when reading a book using electronic media as compared to paper media. The cardiovascular system was actively engaged in coping because of sympathetic hyperactivity in the hemodynamic reaction. By contrast, using electronic media was not seen to involve stress coping. We also found that the parasympathetic nervous system activity was enhanced by the illegibility of sentences and fatigue due to using electronic media. Based on all of these results, we identified a difference in how people react physiologically when reading a book using electronic and paper media.
Study on Temperature Measurement Using MRI during Acupuncture and Moxibustion
Authors: NAKAMURA SUGURU , NAKAMURA MASAMICHI , MAEDA EIICHI , NIKAWA YOSHIO
Published: April 2017

In the field of traditional oriental medicine, two types of treatment style, which are acupuncture treatment and moxibustion treatment, have been performed. These treatments are used and effected by doctors or acupuncturists in their clinic or hospital and widely spread. Although such a general treatment, mechanism of heat transfer modality and temperature distribution in the treatment of moxibustion is not deeply discussed. Also, temperature distribution of deep human tissue during acupuncture treatment is not discussed. It is derived from the difficulty of noninvasive measurement of internal human body with small change of electromagnetic wave signals noninvasively. In this study, a temperature distribution for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment is measured and analyzed using thermography and MRI by measuring the phase of longitudinal relaxation time of protons. The experimental results of measured temperature distribution under the human legs have been demonstrated. The result of temperature analysis in the human body is also reported.
Comparison of Switching Loss of Single‐Phase Step‐Up/Step‐Down Bidirectional Converter with Voltage‐Fed/Current‐Fed Hybrid‐Type Operation
Authors: HOSOKAWA SHOJI , MOTEGI SHIN‐ICHI , NISHIDA YASUYUKI
Published: April 2017

Electric energy storage systems are very important as one of the solutions to global warming. Step‐up/step‐down characteristics are required for electric energy storage systems. In addition, such systems must have high efficiency, low cost, and small scale. Therefore, the authors proposed a single‐phase step‐up/step‐down bidirectional converter with voltage‐fed and current‐fed hybrid‐type operation. The proposed converter consists of a two‐quadrant dc–dc converter and a single‐phase voltage‐fed converter. The circuit has several advantages such as low switching loss, use of very small capacitance, and so on. In this paper, the authors compare a comparison of the switching losses with a simple analysis.
Increase, diversify enrollment with online courses and MOOCs
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: April 2017

We are living in a time of profound change. New geopolitical alliances are forming, with ramifications for higher education. Demographic changes around the world and in the United States are having a profound impact on the future of colleges and universities.
Toxicity of sediment-associated substituted phenylamine antioxidants on the early life stages of Pimephales promelas and a characterization of effects on freshwater organisms
Authors: Prosser Ryan S. , Parrott Joanne L. , Galicia Melissa , Shires Kallie , Sullivan Cheryl , Toito John , Bartlett Adrienne J. , Milani Danielle , Gillis Patty L. , Balakrishnan Vimal K.
Published: April 2017

Substituted phenylamine antioxidants (SPAs) are high production volume chemicals that are incorporated into a variety of commercial products (e.g., polymers, dyes, lubricants). There are few data on chronic toxicity of SPAs to fish and no data on the toxicity of SPAs to the early life stages of fish. The physicochemical properties of SPAs would suggest that if they were to enter an aquatic ecosystem they would partition into sediment. Therefore, the present study focused on investigating the chronic effect of sediment-associated SPAs to the early life stages of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Eggs and larvae were exposed to sediment spiked with diphenylamine (DPA), N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (PNA), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA), or 4,4′-methylene-bis[N-sec-butylaniline] (MBA). The most sensitive endpoint for DPA, PNA, and DPPDA was total survival with 21-d median lethal concentrations (LC50s) based on concentration in overlying water of 1920, 74, and 35 μg/L, respectively. The most sensitive endpoint for MBA was growth with a 21-d median effective concentration (EC50) of 71 μg/L. The same endpoints were the most sensitive in terms of concentrations of DPA, PNA, DPPDA, and MBA in sediment (101, 54, 111, and 76 μg/g dry wt, respectively). Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were constructed for each SPA based on acute and chronic toxicity data generated in the present study and found in the literature. Overall, P. promelas was in the midrange of chronic sensitivity, with the most sensitive species being Tubifex tubifex. The SSDs indicate that DPA based on concentration in water is the least toxic to aquatic biota of the 4 SPAs investigated. The constructed SSDs indicate that a concentration in water and sediment of 1 μg/L and 1 μg/g dry weight, respectively, would be protective of >95% of the aquatic species tested. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2730–2738. © 2017 SETAC
Former FERC Chairman Advocated Changing Gas Pipeline Certificate Process
Authors: Costan James M.
Published: April 2017

Former Chairman and Commissioner Norman Bay gave the natural gas industry a surprise on February 3, his last day at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), in opening a debate about whether FERC should modify critical aspects of its pipeline certificate review process under Section 7(c) of the Natural Gas Act (NGA).
Requirements for Technological Evaluation of Wind Projects Are Extensive
Authors: Kapetanovic Alexandre , Wilson Adam
Published: April 2017

Power projects are typically built or bought with one or more financial arrangements in place from a debt and/or equity provider. Of the advisors and experts employed by a lender to assist in the due diligence process, the independent engineer (IE) is typically responsible for assessing the technical, environmental, and, to an extent, commercial aspects of a project to help ensure its viability and ability to produce the expected financial returns to shareholders and lenders. Particularly in the case of renewable energy project due diligence, where the technology deployed is advancing rapidly and the resource forecast is key, the role of the IE is critical and its assessment can be a determining factor in whether or not a transaction occurs and thus whether the project is realized.
A fluorescence in situ hybridization‐based screen allows rapid detection of adverse cytogenetic alterations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sandhöfer Nadine , Metzeler Klaus H. , Kakadia Purvi M. , Pasalic Zlatana , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Neusser Michaela , Steinlein Ortrud , Fiegl Michael , Subklewe Marion , Spiekermann Karsten , Bohlander Stefan K. , Schneider Stephanie , Braess Jan
Published: April 2017

In adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the karyotype of the leukemic cell is among the strongest prognostic factors. The Medical Research Council (MRC) and the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) classifications distinguish between favorable, intermediate and adverse cytogenetic risk patients who differ in their treatment response and overall survival. Conventional cytogenetic analyses are a mandatory component of AML diagnostics but they are time‐consuming; therefore, therapeutic decisions in elderly patients are often delayed. We investigated whether a screening approach using a panel of seven fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes would allow rapid identification of adverse chromosomal changes. In a cohort of 334 AML patients, our targeted FISH screening approach identified 80% of adverse risk AML patients with a specificity of 99%. Incorporating FISH screening into diagnostic workup has the potential to accelerate risk stratification and treatment selection, particularly in older patients. This approach may allow therapeutic decisions more quickly, which benefits both patients and physicians and might save costs.