bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Economics at 50: Scholarship of the global agricultural economics community
Authors: Abdulai Awudu , Mishra Ashok
Published: November 2019

Last year, Agricultural Economics reached its 50th volume, after 34 years. In this article, we reflect on the evolution of the journal during this period. We describe the evolving editorial structure of the journal and the composition of the editorial board from only editorial advisory board to both associate editors and editorial advisory board. We also employ bibliometric analysis to showcase the evolution of the average number of pages per article, number of articles per volume, authorship patterns that reflect the steady rise in collaborative research, article content, research coverage, as well as the journal's impact as chronicled by its citations over the period under consideration. We conclude by briefly defining some goals and providing perspectives for the future of the journal in the face of the evolving publishing landscape. We found that although articles published in the journal remain predominantly on agricultural topics, significant changes in topical coverage has occurred in the last two decades. While 20 years ago, only very few articles were classified under environmental issues and mathematical and quantitative methods, the share of articles published in these areas increased by 19% and 45%, respectively, over this time period.
Do orthopaedic and neurosciences inpatients who are at risk of falls have best practice fall prevention strategies implemented during their acute inpatient hospitalization?
Authors: Tse Cynthia , Esler Victoria , Hewitt Lyndel , Davidson Edward
Published: November 2019

Objective

To determine whether inpatients identified as being at high risk for falls received fall prevention interventions as recommended in the Best Practice Guidelines for Australian Hospitals.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study examined medical record data from a convenience sample of inpatients admitted to orthopaedic and neurosciences wards (N = 100). Data were compared to the fall prevention recommendations. Percentages were used to describe compliance and independent samples t‐tests to assess difference in adherence.

Results

Data revealed that 45% and 62% of recommendations were implemented amongst inpatients on orthopaedic and neurosciences ward, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between orthopaedic inpatients at higher risk of falls and those with a greater length of stay [r(39) = .46, P = 0.003]. When analysed together, patients who were admitted following a fall had a lower percentage of fall prevention strategies implemented (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Implementation of fall prevention strategies is essential to target in the inpatient setting.
Towards a more precise diagnosis of hypersensitivity to beta‐lactams — an EAACI position paper
Authors: Romano Antonino , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Barbaud Annick , Bircher Andreas J. , Brockow Knut , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Celik Gulfem , Cernadas Josefina , Chiriac Anca‐Mirela , Demoly Pascal , Garvey Lene H. , Mayorga Cristobalina , Nakonechna Alla , Whitaker Paul , Torres María José
Published: November 2019

A recent survey of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Drug Allergy Interest Group (DAIG) on how European allergy specialists deal with beta‐lactam (BL) hypersensitivity demonstrated a significant heterogeneity in current practice, suggesting the need to review and update existing EAACI guidelines in order to make the diagnostic procedures as safe and accurate, but also as cost‐effective, as possible. For this purpose, a bibliographic search on large studies regarding BL hypersensitivity diagnosis was performed by an EAACI task force, which reviewed and evaluated the literature data using the GRADE system for quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. The updated guidelines provide a risk stratification in BL hypersensitivity according to index reaction(s), as well as an algorithmic approach, based on cross‐reactivity studies, in patients with a suspicion of BL hypersensitivity and an immediate need for antibiotic therapy, when referral to an allergist is not feasible. Furthermore, the update addresses availability and concentrations of skin test (ST) reagents, ST and drug provocation test (DPT) protocols, and diagnostic algorithms and administration of alternative BL in allergic subjects. Specifically, distinct diagnostic algorithms are suggested depending on risk stratification of the patient into high and low risk based on the morphology and chronology of the reaction, immediate (ie, occurring within 1‐6 hours after the last administered dose) or nonimmediate (ie, occurring more than 1 hour after the initial drug administration), and the reaction severity. Regarding the allergy workup, the main novelty of this document is the fact that in some low‐risk nonimmediate reactions ST are not mandatory, especially in children. For DPT, further studies are necessary to provide data supporting the standardization of protocols, especially of those regarding nonimmediate reactions, for which there is currently no consensus.
Longitudinal course and risk factors associated with psychosis in bipolar youths
Authors: Shalev Amit , Merranko John , Gill Mary Kay , Goldstein Tina , Liao Fangzi , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Hower Heather , Ryan Neal , Strober Michael , Iyengar Satish , Keller Martin , Yen Shirley , Weinstock Lauren M. , Axelson David , Birmaher Boris
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To compare the longitudinal clinical course of youths with bipolar disorder (BD) spectrum with lifetime (past, intake, and/or follow‐up) psychosis (BDP+) to youths with BD without lifetime psychosis (BDP−). Also, to identify risk factors associated with increased risk of first onset of psychosis during prospective follow‐up.

Method

Bipolar disorder youths (BDP+ = 137, BDP− = 233), aged 7‐17 years old, were followed on average every 7 months for 11.7 years and were evaluated using standardized instruments. Data were analyzed using linear and generalized linear models for the full sample, as well as for youths who developed first period of psychosis (n = 55).

Results

After adjusting for confounders, BDP+ youths with one, and in particular ≥2 lifetime psychotic episodes, had higher rates and more severe mood and anxiety symptoms, higher rates of suicidality, psychiatric hospitalizations, and sexual/physical abuse, and poorer psychosocial functioning than BDP− youths. Even before the first onset of psychosis during follow‐up, BDP+ youths showed more psychopathology and had more family history of psychiatric illness than those who never developed psychosis. First‐onset psychosis was associated with low socioeconomic status (SES), living with one parent, bipolar disorder type one and type two, comorbid anxiety, history of hospitalizations, and family history of mania and suicidality.

Conclusion

BDP+ is associated with poor prognosis and worse clinical picture, even before the onset of psychosis, indicating the need for prompt identification and treatment of these youths. Studies aimed to treat acute symptoms of psychosis, as well as prevent the onset of psychosis, including risk factors amenable to change, are warranted.
Remodeling of calvarial graft in increased atrophic maxillary thickness. A prospective clinical study
Authors: de Carvalho Fábio Astolphi , Ponzoni Daniela , Vedovatto Eduardo , de Carvalho Paulo Sérgio Perri
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study evaluated the autogenous graft resorption rate in a calvarial block graft in the anterior region of an atrophic maxilla and compared it with the thickness of the remaining ridge.

Materials and Methods

Twelve patients were included in the study. They were submitted to cranial calotte graft surgery, and there were 40 blocks in total. The thicknesses of the ridges in the crest, middle and apical regions of the blocks were evaluated by computed tomography scan at the times: preoperative (T0), 48 hours (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the reconstructions.

Results

The resorption of the blocks from T1 to T2 was 13.4%. The greatest remodeling occurred in the alveolar bone crest (20.07%), followed by the middle portion (12.28%), and the apical region (9.5%), but the three regions did not significantly differ between times T1 and T2 (crest P = .07, middle P = .124, apical P = .131). Recipient site with the lowest thickness had the greatest resorption rates (up to 2 mm = 17.6%; from 2 to 4 mm = 17.52%) while than those with a thickness greater than 4 mm had a mean resorption of 8.81%.

Conclusions

The resorption of the grafts in this study was 13.4%. Higher resorption rates were observed in the alveolar crest areas, where the ridges were less thick.
microRNA‐139‐5p confers sensitivity to antiepileptic drugs in refractory epilepsy by inhibition of MRP1
Authors: Wang Li , Song Lifang , Chen Xiaoyi , Suo Junfang , Ma Yanli , Shi Jinghe , Liu Kai , Chen Guohong
Published: November 2019

Aim

Drug resistance is an intractable issue urgently needed to be overcome for improving efficiency of antiepileptic drugs in treating refractory epilepsy. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved as key regulators and therapeutic targets in epilepsy. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to identify a novel differentially expressed miRNA which could improve the efficiency of antiepileptic drugs during the treatment of refractory epilepsy.

Methods and Results

Serum samples were collected from children with refractory epilepsy. An in vivo refractory epilepsy model was developed in SD rats by electrical amygdala kindling. We identified that miR‐139‐5p was decreased and multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1) was remarkably upregulated in the serum samples from children with refractory epilepsy and the brain tissues from rat models of refractory epilepsy. After phenobarbitone injection in rat models of refractory epilepsy, the after discharging threshold in kindled amygdala was detected to screen out drug‐resistant rats. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that MRP1 was a target of miR‐139‐5p. In order to evaluate the effect of miR‐139‐5p/MRP1 axis on drug resistance of refractory epilepsy, we transfected plasmids into the hippocampus of drug‐resistant rats to alter the expression of miR‐139‐5p and MRP1. TUNEL staining and Nissl staining showed that miR‐139‐5p overexpression or MRP1 downregulation could reduce the apoptosis and promote survival of neurons, accompanied by alleviated neuronal damage.

Conclusion

Collectively, these results suggest an important role of miR‐139‐5p/MRP1 axis in reducing the resistance of refractory epilepsy to antiepileptic drugs.
Incretin‐based glucose‐lowering medications and the risk of acute pancreatitis and malignancies: a meta‐analysis based on cardiovascular outcomes trials
Authors: Abd El Aziz Mirna , Cahyadi Oscar , Meier Juris J. , Schmidt Wolfgang E. , Nauck Michael A.
Published: November 2019

Some epidemiological data have suggested an elevated risk of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer after exposure to glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors. Recently, such outcomes have been assessed and adjudicated as adverse events of special interest in cardiovascular outcomes studies. We performed a meta‐analysis of cases of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer as well as any malignant neoplasm reported in cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) with GLP‐1 receptor agonists and DPP‐4 inhibitors. The numbers of cases observed with active drug or placebo (both on a background of standard care) were related to patient‐years of observation. Rate ratios and their confidence intervals were calculated for the individual agents as well as for the classes of GLP‐1 receptor agonists and DPP‐4 inhibitors. Neither data on individual CVOTs of GLP‐1 receptor agonists nor their meta‐analysis [rate ratio: 1.05 (0.78–1.41)] indicated a significantly elevated risk of acute pancreatitis. All individual DPP‐4 inhibitors displayed a non‐significant trend towards an increased risk of acute pancreatitis, which was significant in the meta‐analysis [1.75 (1.14–2.70); P = 0.01]. Neither GLP‐1 receptor agonists nor DPP‐4 inhibitors were associated with a significantly elevated or reduced risk of pancreatic cancer or for the totality of all malignant neoplasms. Based on a large database of randomized, placebo‐controlled, prospective cardiovascular outcomes studies with GLP‐1 receptor agonists and DPP‐4 inhibitors, no signal for pancreatic cancer or any malignant neoplasms were detected. However, a 75% risk increase for the development of an acute pancreatitis was seen in the meta‐analysis of DPP‐4 inhibitor CVOTs.
The open‐and‐shut case against inequality
Authors: Vandemoortele Jan
Published: November 2019

Motivation

The case against inequality should be open‐and‐shut. Evidence shows that the happiest and healthiest people live in countries with low inequality. Yet, the argument that inequality constitutes perhaps the most pressing challenge the world faces today is an idea whose time has not yet come.

Purpose

Since the impact of inequality extends well beyond the economic realm, the scope of analysis must be broadened, taking a multidisciplinary perspective, including historians, sociologists, psychologists, moral philosophers and political scientists.

Approach and methods

Mostly a concise summary of the main findings of the literature and research from a wide range of disciplines.

Findings

The findings in these different disciplines must be brought together and complemented by deliberate efforts to convey them to the public at large. They show that inequality has a deep and far‐reaching influence on people and society.

Policy implications

Inequality will not be brought down by paying more lip service to it or by conducting more research that stays in an ivory tower. Only if we come to understand that inequality engenders near universal harm will we muster the courage to address it. Equity‐adjusted averages must replace standard statistics on human development.
Income Guarantees and Borrowing in Risky Environments: Evidence from India's Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
Authors: Bell Clive , Mukhopadhyay Abhiroop
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the effects of an income guarantee on borrowing in a risky setting with marked seasonality. A three‐season, infinite‐horizon model is developed, in which the aims of smoothing consumption and maintaining creditworthiness are somewhat opposed and the seasonal timing of transfers matters. If borrowing does not affect production, then larger transfers concentrated in the lean season may well lead to a contraction of the total amount borrowed over the whole annual cycle. If borrowing also finances working capital, then larger transfers make riskier positions attractive, and investment in working capital and total borrowing may both increase. These insights are tested in the context of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, as implemented in upland Odisha. The potential endogeneity of participation is addressed by using the female reservation for local elections as an instrument. Each day's work reduces the estimated level of borrowing in the lean season by about the regulated wage. In contrast, the estimated effect on borrowing in the cultivation season by households owning at least the median holding is to increase it by about one‐and‐a‐half times the wage; but there is no significant effect for households owning less.
AUDIT STATE DEPENDENT TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM COLOMBIA
Authors: Alm James , Cox James C. , Sadiraj Vjollca
Published: November 2019

We develop and analyze a dynamic model of individual taxpayer compliance choice that predicts “audit state dependent taxpayer compliance,” by distinguishing between forward‐looking versus myopic versus naïve behavior. We then test experimentally the audit state dependent model by reporting the results from the first tax compliance experiment run in Colombia. We find that subjects' compliance rates increase with greater enforcement. We also find more novel results: fine rates should be increased after an audit, and “nudging” myopic individuals toward reporting a constant rather than a fluctuating proportion of income would benefit both the taxpayer and the tax authority.(JELH26, C91)
Long‐term safety and efficacy of lacosamide and controlled‐release carbamazepine monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy
Authors: Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Grebe Hans Peter , Terada Kiyohito , Jensen Lori , Li Ting , De Backer Marc , Steiniger‐Brach Björn , Gasalla Teresa , Brock Melissa , Biton Victor
Published: November 2019

Objective

A large‐scale, double‐blind trial (SP0993; NCT01243177) demonstrated that lacosamide was noninferior to controlled‐release carbamazepine (carbamazepine‐CR) in terms of efficacy, and well tolerated as first‐line monotherapy in patients (≥16 years of age) with newly diagnosed epilepsy. We report primary safety outcomes from the double‐blind extension of the noninferiority trial (SP0994; NCT01465997) and post hoc analyses of pooled long‐term safety and efficacy data from both trials.

Methods

Patients were randomized 1:1 to lacosamide or carbamazepine‐CR. Doses were escalated (lacosamide: 200/400/600 mg/d; carbamazepine‐CR: 400/800/1200 mg/d) based on seizure control. Eligible patients continued randomized treatment in the extension. Primary outcomes of the extension were treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs, and discontinuations due to TEAEs. Post hoc analyses of data from combined trials included 12‐ and 24‐month seizure freedom and TEAEs by number of comorbid conditions.

Results

A total of 886 patients were treated in the initial trial and 548 in the extension; 211 of 279 patients (75.6%) on lacosamide and 180/269 (66.9%) on carbamazepine‐CR completed the extension. In the extension, 181 patients (64.9%) on lacosamide and 182 (67.7%) on carbamazepine‐CR reported TEAEs; in both groups, nasopharyngitis, headache, and dizziness were most common. Serious TEAEs were reported by 32 patients (11.5%) on lacosamide and 22 (8.2%) on carbamazepine‐CR; 12 (4.3%) and 21 (7.8%) discontinued due to TEAEs. In the combined trials (median exposure: lacosamide 630 days; carbamazepine‐CR 589 days), Kaplan‐Meier estimated proportions of patients with 12‐ and 24‐month seizure freedom from first dose were 50.8% (95% confidence interval 46.2%‐55.4%) and 47.0% (42.2%‐51.7%) on lacosamide, and 54.9% (50.3%‐59.6%) and 50.9% (46.0%‐55.7%) on carbamazepine‐CR. Incidences of drug‐related TEAEs and discontinuations due to TEAEs increased by number of comorbid conditions and were lower in patients on lacosamide.

Significance

Long‐term (median ~2 years) lacosamide monotherapy was efficacious and generally well tolerated in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Seizure freedom rates were similar with lacosamide and carbamazepine‐CR.
Cryptocurrencies: Stylized facts on a new investible instrument
Authors: Hu Albert S. , Parlour Christine A. , Rajan Uday
Published: November 2019

We present stylized facts on the asset pricing properties of cryptocurrencies: summary statistics on cryptocurrency return properties and measures of common variation for secondary market returns on 222 digital coins. In our sample, secondary market returns of all other currencies are strongly correlated with Bitcoin returns. We also provide some investment characteristics of a sample of 64 initial coin offerings.
Climate‐driven habitat change causes evolution in Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Des Roches Simone , Bell Michael A. , Palkovacs Eric P.
Published: November 2019

Climate change can shape evolution directly by altering abiotic conditions or indirectly by modifying habitats, yet few studies have investigated the effects of climate‐driven habitat change on contemporary evolution. We resampled populations of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) along a latitudinal gradient in California bar‐built estuaries to examine their evolution in response to changing climate and habitat. We took advantage of the strong association between stickleback lateral plate phenotypes and Ectodysplasin A (Eda) genotypes to infer changes in allele frequencies over time. Our results show that over time the frequency of low‐plated alleles has generally increased and heterozygosity has decreased. Latitudinal patterns in stickleback plate phenotypes suggest that evolution at Eda is a response to climate‐driven habitat transformation rather than a direct consequence of climate. As climate change has reduced precipitation and increased temperature and drought, bar‐built estuaries have transitioned from lotic (flowing‐water) to lentic (still‐water) habitats, where the low‐plated allele is favoured. The low‐plated allele has achieved fixation at the driest, hottest southernmost sites, a trend that is progressing northward with climate change. Climate‐driven habitat change is therefore causing a reduction in genetic variation that may hinder future adaptation for populations facing multiple threats.
Cost estimate of chronic hemodialysis in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A prospective study in two centers
Authors: Izeidi Patrick P. M. , Nlandu Yannick M. , Lepira François B. , Makulo Jean‐Robert R. , Engole Yannick M. , Mokoli Vieux M. , Bukabau Justine B. , Kwilu Fulbert N. , Nseka Nazaire M. , Sumaili Ernest K.
Published: November 2019

Background

The number of patients on dialysis has significantly increased worldwide. However, prospective studies estimating the cost of hemodialysis (HD) in sub‐Saharan Africa remain scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the direct cost of treating end stage renal disease. Determinants of additional direct cost were also assessed.

Methods

This study is an analytical, prospective study of cost performed at two HD centers in Kinshasa for a period of 3 months among HD patients enrolled consecutively. The cost analyzed includes only expenditures: consultation, HD session, drugs, comorbidities, laboratory tests, and imaging. Transportation, patient hospitalization, and indirect costs are not taken into account. The determinants of the additional direct cost of HD are identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 is the level of statistical significance.

Findings

The average quarterly direct cost of chronic HD in United States Dollars (US$) is $7070 (~US$28,280 annual cost) at a rate of US$287 per patient per HD session. This cost includes the HD session (US$237) and medicine (US$33) costs, which account for 82.5% and 11.3% of the direct costs, respectively. The presence of at least 4 comorbidities (OR adjusted 4.3, 95% CI [1.23–14.95], P = 0.022) and infection (adjusted OR 4.56, 95% CI [1.05–19.85], P = 0.043) emerged as independent determinants of additional direct cost.

Conclusion

The direct cost of HD is very high in Kinshasa, where more than 80% of Congolese people live on less than US$1.25 a day.
Care Pathways in a Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse (SCAN) service
Authors: Raymond Cora , Myers Susan , Daly Robert , Murray Declan , Lyne John
Published: November 2019

Aim

The Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse service has been developed as a Primary Care suicide intervention over the last decade. The current study aimed to describe the demographic details of users of this nurse led service, and to evaluate subsequent care pathways following this intervention.

Methods

This study was conducted using a retrospective file review with a cross‐sectional observational design investigating demographic details of service users and care pathways in a Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse service within a defined catchment area of Ireland between June 2015 and May 2017.

Results

The majority of referrals were managed in Primary Care following Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse intervention. There was an increase in Primary Care management pathway in the second year of the service which was independent of age and gender.

Conclusion

There was an increase in referrals to the service over time, and the majority of presentations were managed in primary care following Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse intervention. The study suggests that primary care interventions for suicidal crises merit further research.
Different tissue thermodynamics between the 40 W and 20 W radiofrequency power settings under the same ablation index/lesion size index
Authors: Takemoto Makoto , Takami Mitsuru , Fukuzawa Koji , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Kurose Jun , Suehiro Hideya , Nagamatsu Yuichi , Akita Tomomi , Nakamura Toshihiro , Sakai Jun , Yatomi Atsusuke , Hirata Ken‐ichi
Published: November 2019

Introduction

The ablation index (AI) and lesion size index (LSI) are novel markers for predicting the ablation lesion quality, however, collateral damage is still a concern. This study aimed to compare the lesion characteristics and tissue temperature profiles between 20 W (20 Ws) and 40 W (40 Ws) ablation settings under the same AI and LSI.

Methods

An ex vivo model consisting of swine myocardium (5‐6 mm thickness) in a circulating, warmed saline bath was used. Twenty‐one tissue temperature electrodes were used. Radiofrequency applications with different power settings were performed with a 10 to 12 g contact force until the AI and LSI reached 350 and 4.5, respectively.

Results

A total of 120 radiofrequency (RF) applications and 2520 tissue temperature profiles were analyzed. The speed of the tissue temperature rise with 40 Ws was significantly faster than that with 20 Ws. However, the maximum tissue temperature did not significantly differ between 20 and 40 Ws with the same AI (44.6°C ± 3.9°C vs 45.1°C ± 6.4°C, P = .73), and was significantly lower for 40 Ws with the same LSI (42.8°C ± 3.4°C vs 40.0°C ± 3.4°C, P = .003). For both the AI and LSI, the number of electrodes exhibiting high temperatures (≥39°C) was significantly larger and the duration of high tissue temperatures was significantly longer with 20 Ws. The thermal latency with 40 Ws was greater.

Conclusions

Although the targeted AI and LSI were the same for both 20 and 40 Ws, the tissue temperature profiles differed greatly depending on the RF power setting. A high power setting based on the AI and LSI may reduce the collateral thermal damage.
Natural history and clinical outcomes of inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Authors: Shabtaie Samuel A. , Witt Chance M. , Asirvatham Samuel J.
Published: November 2019

Background

Limited data are available regarding the demographics, disease associations, and long‐term prognosis of patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST).

Objective

To establish epidemiologic data for patients with IST, including symptom onset, comorbid disease, and long‐term outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients with an IST diagnosis at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) during a 20‐year period (1998‐2018). We extracted demographic data and clinical outcomes compared to an age and gender‐matched control group with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT).

Results

Within the study period, a total of 305 patients with IST were identified (mean follow‐up 3.5 years) with 92.1% female and mean age 33.2 ± 11.2 years. The most frequently identified circumstances triggering the condition included pregnancy (7.9%) and infectious illness (5.9%) while the most common comorbid conditions were depression (25.6%) and anxiety (24.6%). At diagnosis, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 62.3 ± 6.2%, with 77 patients having follow‐up echocardiographic data. No significant difference in LVEF was seen after a mean 4.9 ± 4.3‐year follow‐up (baseline LVEF 59.8 ± 10.7% vs subsequent 61.4 ± 8.1%; P = .2971). Two deaths occurred within the study period, with one related to myocardial infarction and the other noncardiac; compared to an age and gender‐matched AVNRT control group there was no excess mortality during the follow‐up period.

Conclusions

In our study cohort, IST predominately affects young females with structurally normal hearts and modest coexistent psychiatric disease. In most cases of IST, a major event occurring just before or at the time of diagnosis could not be identified, although nearly 8% of patients first noted symptoms during or shortly after pregnancy. In our cohort, there was no evidence of cardiomyopathy or mortality related to IST.
Melatonin preconditioning is an effective strategy for mesenchymal stem cell‐based therapy for kidney disease
Authors: Zhao Lingfei , Hu Chenxia , Zhang Ping , Jiang Hua , Chen Jianghua
Published: November 2019

Based on multiple studies in animal models, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy appears to be an innovative intervention approach with tremendous potential for the management of kidney disease. However, the clinical therapeutic effects of MSCs in either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still under debate. Hurdles originate from the harsh microenvironment in vivo that decreases the cell survival rate, paracrine activity and migratory capacity of MSCs after transplantation, which are believed to be the main reasons for their limited effects in clinical applications. Melatonin is traditionally regarded as a circadian rhythm‐regulated neurohormone but in recent years has been found to exhibit antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Because inflammation, oxidative stress, thermal injury, and hypoxia are abnormally activated in kidney disease, application of melatonin preconditioning to optimize the MSC response to the hostile in vivo microenvironment before transplantation is of great importance. In this review, we discuss current knowledge concerning the beneficial effects of melatonin preconditioning in MSC‐based therapy for kidney disease. By summarizing the available information and discussing the underlying mechanisms, we aim to improve the therapeutic effects of MSC‐based therapy for kidney disease and accelerate translation to clinical application.
The online attention to research in periodontology: An Altmetric study on the most discussed articles on the web
Authors: Garcovich Daniele , Ausina Marquez Veronica , Adobes Martin Milagros
Published: November 2019

Aim

To assess the online attention to research in the field of Periodontology. To assess the correlation between the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and the citations count in Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and Dimensions.

Material and Methods

The articles were identified by a search performed through the Dimensions Free App. The search included the six journals related to periodontology listed in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) in the year 2017. The 200 articles with the highest AAS were collected and screened for data related to publication, authorship and research. Citations were harvested from WOS, Scopus and Dimensions.

Results

The Journal of Clinical Periodontology was the most prevalent publication accounting for the 51, 5% of the published items followed by the Journal of Periodontology that published the 34, 5% of the 200 articles with the highest AAS. 65% of these articles were published between 2013 and 2018. The mean AAS was 33, 81 being Tweets and news outlets the most frequent Altmetric resources. Systematic reviews were the most prevalent study design. The correlation between the AAS and the citations in WOS, Dimensions and Scopus was poor. A strong correlation exists between the citations in WOS, Dimensions and Scopus.

Conclusions

Online attention to periodontal research is high. Systemic interaction studies had a significantly higher visibility. The classic citations count in combination with the AAS can offer a more comprehensive insight into research by highlighting what is valuable for the researcher and for the lay persons. The online profile of journals should be edited to facilitate spread of research information in non‐scholar audiences.
Neurodevelopmental and genetic determinants of exposure to adversity among youth at risk for mental illness
Authors: Zwicker Alyson , MacKenzie Lynn E. , Drobinin Vladislav , Bagher Amina M. , Howes Vallis Emily , Propper Lukas , Bagnell Alexa , Abidi Sabina , Pavlova Barbara , Alda Martin , Denovan‐Wright Eileen M. , Uher Rudolf
Published: November 2019

Background

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability have been linked with increased likelihood of exposure to adversity. We hypothesized that these associations may be partly due to genetic factors.

Methods

We calculated polygenic scores for ADHD and intelligence and assessed psychopathology and general cognitive ability in a sample of 297 youth aged 5–27 years enriched for offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders. We calculated an adversity score as a mean of 10 indicators, including socio‐economic disadvantage, childhood maltreatment and bullying. We tested the effects of polygenic scores, externalizing symptoms and IQ on adversity scores using mixed‐effects linear regression.

Results

Externalizing symptoms and general cognitive ability showed expected positive and negative relationships with adversity, respectively. Polygenic scores for intelligence were unrelated to adversity, but polygenic scores for ADHD were associated with adversity (β = 0.23, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.34, p < .0001). ADHD polygenic scores uniquely explained 4.0% of variance in adversity score. The relationship between polygenic scores for ADHD and adversity was independently significant among individuals with (β = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.75, p < .0001) and without (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.26, p = .022) ADHD.

Conclusions

A genetic score indexing liability to ADHD was associated with exposure to adversity in early life. Previously observed associations between externalizing symptoms, lower cognitive ability and adversity may be partially attributed to genetic liability to ADHD.
Description of a new species of Phoxinus from the upper Krka River (Adriatic Basin) in Croatia (Actinopterygii: Leuciscidae), first discovered as a molecular clade
Authors: Bogutskaya Nina G. , Jelić Dušan , Vucić Matej , Jelić Mišel , Diripasko Oleg A. , Stefanov Tihomir , Klobučar Göran
Published: November 2019

Using morphometric, meristic and qualitative characters, we confirmed a specific status of a clade discovered based on molecular data only. The newly described species Phoxinus krkae has a very local distribution in the upper Krka River but is easily morphologically distinguished from geographically neighbouring species with much wider ranges: Phoxinus lumaireul, Phoxinus marsilii and Phoxinus csikii. Phoxinus krkae is well differentiated in statistical analyses and differs from other species of Phoxinus in northern Adriatic Sea drainages and right‐bank tributaries of the middle and lower River Danube by a combination of characters, none of them unique: caudal peduncle length 1.9–2.2 times minimum depth of caudal peduncle; upper lip not projecting beyond lower lip; rostral fold absent; total number of scales in lateral series 74–84; lateral line incomplete and interrupted, commonly 17–49 (< 60% of total number of scales in lateral series) with no or few canal segments on posterior body and caudal peduncle; scales on belly extending forward to over middle of distance between pelvic‐fin base and pectoral‐fin origin; patches of breast scales commonly connected by scattered scales or forming 1–3 regular rows of scales; total vertebrae commonly 38–39 (22 + 17, 22 + 16 or 21 + 17). The study reveals unrecognised morphological diversity within the group and provides the groundwork for future taxonomic study in Phoxinus in the Adriatic region and the Danube Basin.
Prediction of Salmonella presence and absence in agricultural surface waters by artificial intelligence approaches
Authors: Polat Hasan , Topalcengiz Zeynal , Danyluk Michelle D.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence tools for the prediction of Salmonella presence and absence in agricultural surface waters based on the population of microbiological indicators (total coliform, generic Escherichia coli, and enterococci) and physicochemical attributes of water (air and water temperature, conductivity, ORP, pH, and turbidity). Previously collected data set from six agricultural ponds monitored for two growing seasons were used for analysis. Classification algorithms including artificial neural networks (ANNs), the nearest neighborhood algorithm (kNN), and support vector machines (SVM) were trained and tested with a 539‐point data set for optimum prediction accuracy. Classification accuracy performances were validated with data set (400 samples) collected from different agricultural surface water sources. All tested algorithms yielded the highest accuracy around 75 ± 1% for generic E. coli followed by enterococci (65 ± 5%) and total coliform (60 ± 10%). Classifiers calculated 6–15% higher accuracy ranging from 62 to 66% for turbidity than all other tested physicochemical attributes. Based on E. coli populations measured in other water sources, trained algorithms predicted the presence and absence of Salmonella with an accuracy between 58.15 and 59.23%. The classification performance of ANN, kNN, and SVM algorithms are encouraging for the prediction of Salmonella in agricultural surface waters.
TCD Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes during Moderate‐Intensity Exercise in Older Adults
Authors: Alwatban Mohammed R. , Liu Yumei , Perdomo Sophy J. , Ward Jaimie L. , Vidoni Eric D. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Billinger Sandra A.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Exercise plays an important role in supporting overall brain health. However, the mechanisms by which exercise supports brain health are imprecisely defined. Further, brain hemodynamic changes during exercise are not clearly understood, especially in older adults. The primary aim of this study was to compare cerebral blood flow velocity and pulsatility index (PI) during moderate‐intensity exercise between older adults with normal pulsatile flow (normal PI) and older adults with elevated pulsatile flow (elevated PI). Secondary aims were to compare cardiovascular disease risk and cognitive function between individuals with elevated and nonelevated PI.

METHODS

Using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and PI were recorded during the rest and moderate‐intensity exercise. End tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and beat‐to‐beat mean arterial blood pressure were also recorded.

RESULTS

We enrolled 104 older adults into the study. The change in PI was greater in normal PI group (35.5% vs. 21.3%, P = .005). The change in MCAv was similar in both groups (11.6% for normal PI vs. 10.6% for elevated PI; P = .22). There was no significant difference in cardiovascular disease risk between the two groups (P = .77). Individuals with elevated PI performed significantly worse in WAIS‐R Digit Symbol and Trail Making Test A (P = .04 and = .01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The percent increase in PI from rest to moderate‐intensity exercise was attenuated in the older adults with elevated resting PI. Higher resting PI may negatively affect brain health as evidenced by the slower processing speed scores.
Beyond principal component analysis (PCA) of product means: Toward a psychometric view on sensory profiling data
Authors: Dettmar Burkhard , Peltier Caroline , Schlich Pascal
Published: November 2019

Principal component analysis (PCA) has its origin in psychology, where it was developed as a psychometric tool to measure latent variables of human cognition, personality, or behavior. This psychometric approach is also suitable to measure human perception based on sensory profiling data. To do so, we apply the PCA to a matrix that maintains the individual panelist's judgments, the matrix structure is in line with the “Tucker‐1 common loadings model.” Our approach (“Tucker‐1 PCA”) differs from the routine method of analyzing sensory profiling data, where PCA is applied to the matrix of mean scores of the product‐by‐attribute table (“Means‐PCA”). This article discusses the specific properties of the Tucker‐1 PCA and compares it to the Means‐PCA via a meta‐analysis on 422 datasets from Sensobase, a collection of sensory profiling studies. Tucker‐1 PCA provides advantages over Means‐PCA in terms of dimensionality, interpretability, and replicability of the factor structures.

Practical Applications

Tucker‐1 PCA is an easily applicable variant of PCA for sensory profiling data. Like Means‐PCA, it can be used to create product maps. It provides, however, more stable and easier interpretable axes. As a psychometric tool, Tucker‐1 PCA provides a measurement of products on underlying sensory dimensions.
Visual adaptation could aid sympatric speciation in a deep crater lake
Authors: Carleton Karen L. , Escobar‐Camacho Daniel , Kocher Thomas D.
Published: November 2019

Allopatric speciation was originally suggested to be the primary mechanism of animal speciation (Mayr, 1942; Figure 1). During allopatric speciation, populations diverge when gene flow is reduced across significant biogeographic barriers. Sympatric speciation, where species diverge while inhabiting the same location, was thought to be essentially impossible. However, the advent of theoretical models followed by new experimental evidence made sympatric speciation more plausible (Via, 2001). The cichlid fishes of Barombi Mbo, a small crater lake in western Cameroon, became one of the most widely accepted examples of sympatric speciation (Schliewen, Tautz, & Paabo, 1994). Although the phylogenetic history of this clade is not quite as simple as originally thought, it remains one of the best examples of sympatric speciation (Richards, Poelstra, & Martin, 2018). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms contributing to the splitting of these species in situ. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Musilova et al. (2019) focus on the diversity of visual systems among these fishes. They identify genetic changes associated with several aspects of visual adaptation that may have contributed to the ecological specialization and sympatric speciation of cichlids in this lake.
Functional linguistics: the lens and the looking glass
Authors: Emmerton‐Coughlin Heather
Published: November 2019

Can we identify ‘stealth language’ and break the cycle of stigma, racism, and discrimination in the health professions? Emmerton‐Coughlin comments on how functional linguistics might offer a powerful tool to help towards that end.
cTBS effect on language reorganization verified by fMRI and chronometry TMS in an aphasia patient
Authors: Ahn Hyun Jung , Bashir Shahid , Martin Paula , Naeser Margaret A , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Yoo Woo‐Kyoung
Published: November 2019

The physiologic effect of continuous theta‐burst stimulation (cTBS) in language network has been reported, although it has the clinical benefit of longer‐lasting inhibitory effects with shorter stimulation time. We report 50‐year‐old aphasia patient showed increased activation of the left Broca's area by cTBS for 3 days on contralateral Broca's homologue area (Brodmann area 45) leading to improvements in speech performance. Furthermore, we were able to validate the engaged network and timing in picture naming using chronometry TMS showing significant delay in picture naming only at 200 ms after picture presentation by the left Broca's area (BA 44/45) stimulation. These results may indicate that cTBS over Broca's homologue area (BA 45) led to functional reorganization of language network by shifting it from right to left through interhemispheric interaction.
Peptide encoding Populus CLV3/ESR‐RELATED 47 (PttCLE47) promotes cambial development and secondary xylem formation in hybrid aspen
Authors: Kucukoglu Melis , Chaabouni Salma , Zheng Bo , Mähönen Ari Pekka , Helariutta Ykä , Nilsson Ove
Published: November 2019

The CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR)‐RELATED (CLE) peptide ligands in connection with their receptors are important players in cell‐to‐cell communications in plants. Here, we investigated the function of the Populus CLV3/ESR‐RELATED 47 (PttCLE47) gene during secondary growth and wood formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) using an RNA interference (RNAi) approach.

Expression of PttCLE47 peaks in the vascular cambium. Silencing of the PttCLE47 gene expression affected lateral expansion of stems and decreased apical height growth and leaf size.

In particular, PttCLE47 RNAi trees exhibited a narrower secondary xylem zone with less xylem cells/cell file. The reduced radial growth phenotype also correlated with a reduced number of cambial cell layers. In agreement with these results, expression of several cambial regulator genes was downregulated in the stems of the transgenic trees in comparison with controls.

Altogether, these results suggest that the PttCLE47 gene is a major positive regulator of cambial activity in hybrid aspen, mainly promoting the production of secondary xylem. Furthermore, in contrast to previously characterized CLE genes expressed in the wood‐forming zone, PttCLE47 appears to be active at its site of expression.
The impact of interpregnancy weight change on perinatal outcomes in women and their children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Timmermans Yvon E.G. , van de Kant Kim D.G. , Oosterman Elise O. , Spaanderman Marc E.A. , Villamor‐Martinez Eduardo , Kleijnen Jos , Vreugdenhil Anita C.E.
Published: November 2019

Prepregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with higher risk of perinatal complications. However, the effect of weight change prior to pregnancy on perinatal outcome is largely unknown. Therefore, it is aimed to examine the impact on perinatal outcomes of interpregnancy BMI change in women of different BMI categories. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CINAHL databases were searched (1990‐August 2019). Observational studies on interpregnancy BMI change were selected. Outcomes evaluated were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, gestational hypertension (GH), cesarean section, preterm birth, and newborns being large (LGA) or small (SGA) for gestational age. Meta‐analyses and meta‐regression analyses were executed. Thirty studies were included (n > 1 million). Interpregnancy BMI gain was associated with a higher risk of GDM (for BMI gain ≥3 kg/m2: OR 2.21; [95%CI 1.53‐3.19]), preeclampsia (1.77 [1.53‐2.04]), GH (1.78 [1.61‐1.97]), cesarean section (1.32 [1.24‐1.39]), and LGA (1.54 [1.28‐1.86]). The effects of BMI gain were most pronounced in women with BMI <25 kg/m2 before the first pregnancy regarding GDM, GH, and cesarean section. Except for LGA, interpregnancy BMI loss did not result in a decreased risk of perinatal complications. In this study, women of normal weight who gain weight before pregnancy were identified as a high‐risk population for perinatal complications. This emphasizes that weight management is important for women of all BMI categories and a pregnancy wish.