bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the CAPABLE Program With Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Washington Selena E. , Edwards Emma , Stiles Dana L. , West Bruce Stacy
Published: December 2023

This study explores the implementation and impact of an evidence-based client-driven program, CAPABLE (Community Aging in Place Advancing Better Living for Elders), during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study reviews outcomes related to client engagement and retainment, client-directed goals, therapeutic intervention, home modifications, and functional outcomes of older adult participants. The CAPABLE program addresses basic and instrumental activities of daily living, medication use, pain, mobility, fall prevention, and environmental modifications within the home. The services were provided by an interprofessional team which included an occupational therapist, a registered nurse, and home contractor professional. The study team utilized descriptive, paired t test, and correlational analyses to evaluate the CAPABLE programs’ influence on the functional outcomes of older adults living within the city of St. Louis, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study identified significant improvement in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) independence, readiness to change, self-reported health status, and depressive symptoms, and 11 significant correlations were found between age, implementation expenses, and functional outcomes.
An Occupation-Based Healthy Nutrition and Wellness Program for Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Ercan Doğu Selma , Kokurcan Ahmet , Örsel Sibel
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effectiveness of an occupation-based Healthy Nutrition and Wellness Program (HNWP) on dietary knowledge, dietary habits, metabolic values, and well-being of people with schizophrenia. Forty clients attended the HNWP once a week for 12 weeks in addition to routine treatment. Metabolic values, biochemical values, dietary habits, Healthy Nutrition Knowledge Form, and Well-being Questionnaire were measured before the HNWP, after the HNWP, and at 6-month follow-up. Repeated measures factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare each continuous variable and Cochran’s Q test was used to compare categorical variables before HNWP, after HNWP, and at follow-up. Findings showed that HNWP increased the healthy nutrition knowledge, improved some dietary habits, increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and promoted general well-being of the individuals with schizophrenia. There was no gender difference in all variables. Inclusion of occupation-based HNWPs into treatment of individuals with schizophrenia can increase awareness about healthy life and improve their dietary habits and well-being.
Mediated Online Awareness Among Adolescents With and Without ADHD: Using the Occupational Performance Experience Analysis (OPEA)
Authors: Fisher Orit , Berger Itai , Grossman Ephraim S. , Maeir Adina
Published: December 2023

Online awareness is essential to learning from one’s experiences, enabling adaptive self-management, often challenged among adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study used an online awareness tool, the Occupational Performance Experience Analysis (OPEA), to examine (a) the online awareness of occupational performance of adolescents with ADHD and controls and (b) the potential modifiability of online awareness after a brief mediation redirecting attention to task demands and contextual factors. Seventy adolescents with and without ADHD were administered the OPEA after completing cognitive assessments. The OPEA comprises a verbal description of experiences, scored for representation of main actions, temporal context, and coherence, completed again after mediation. Results point to significantly less coherent descriptions of occupational performance among adolescents with ADHD compared with adolescents without ADHD; modifiability was only examined in the ADHD group and demonstrated significantly more coherent descriptions after mediation. Findings may elucidate online awareness of occupational performance as an occupational therapy intervention target for adolescents with ADHD.
Pediatric Outpatient Occupational Therapy: Transitioning From In-Person Services to Telehealth
Authors: Tanner Kelly , Xu Jinyu , O’Rourke Sara , Ganta Rajesh , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid adoption of telehealth for outpatient pediatric occupational therapy practice. The dose of therapy may have varied across diagnostic and geographical groups despite efforts to ensure access for all patients. The objective of the study was to describe the visit length of outpatient pediatric occupational therapy practice for three diagnostic groups at one institution both during and prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospective review of electronic health records for two time periods using both practitioner-entered and telecommunications data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed model. Prior to the pandemic, average treatment length did not vary by primary diagnosis. During the pandemic, average visit length varied by primary diagnosis, with feeding disorder (FD) visits significantly shorter than cerebral palsy (CP) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) visits. During the pandemic, visit length was associated with rurality for the whole sample and for patients with ASD and CP, but not FD. Patients with FD may have been seen for shorter durations during telehealth visits. The technology gap may affect services for patients living in rural communities.
Efficacy of Tele-CO-OP in Children With Organic Acidemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dursun Esra Leman , Bumin Gonca , Çıkı Kısmet , Sivri Serap
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of a 5-week, tele-CO-OP intervention in children with organic acidemia. Thirty-four children were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. While 17 received the home program, 17 received the CO-OP Approach with telehealth twice a week along with the home program. Children were assessed through the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation, Kid-KINDL Questionnaire, and Assistance to Participate Scale. Between-group analyses show significant benefits ( p < .05) for the CO-OP group compared with the control group on the Performance and Satisfaction scales of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and on the total scores of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation, KINDL, and the Assistance to Participate Scale. The findings are preliminary results of benefits as this is the first trial, and the CO-OP approach applied through telerehabilitation had positive effects on children with organic acidemia.
Work-MAP Telehealth Metacognitive Work-Performance Intervention for Adults With ADHD: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grinblat Nufar , Rosenblum Sara
Published: December 2023

The literature highlighted the need for evidence-based occupational therapy teleinterventions to improve work participation among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a self-tailored, metacognitive, telehealth intervention to enhance the performance of adults with ADHD at work (Work-MAP). The outcome measures were efficacy and satisfaction with performing self-selected work goals, executive functions, and quality of life. Participants in this randomized controlled trial were 46 adults with ADHD. Group A ( n = 31) received the synchronous, hybrid-telehealth intervention in 11-weekly 1-hour individual sessions. Group B ( n = 15) completed the intervention after a waiting phase. Following the intervention, participants showed and maintained significant improvements in all outcome measures (strong-to-moderate significant effects) to the 3-month follow-up. The Work-MAP teleintervention appears effective for improving work participation (i.e., performance), executive functions, and quality of life of adults with ADHD.
Parent Satisfaction With a Telehealth Parent Coaching Intervention to Support Family Participation
Authors: Smith Sarah L. , Vaquerano Jacqueline , Humphreys Betsy P. , Aytur Semra A.
Published: December 2023

COVID-19 catalyzed telehealth practice creating opportunities for clients and providers to discern best applications. Parent satisfaction with services supports partnership within therapy processes, potentially augmenting outcomes. We examined parent satisfaction levels and experiences with the telehealth approach of a parent coaching intervention for families of children with special health care needs (CSHCNs). We used a mixed-methods descriptive design. Fifteen parents completed the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) and a semistructured interview. We analyzed TUQ ratings using descriptive statistics, and we thematically analyzed participants’ telehealth experiences. Parents found telehealth useful, easy to use, effective, reliable, and satisfactory. Parents described that telehealth addressed needs conveniently, enhanced parent–provider communication, and fostered shared parent involvement. Telehealth appears to be a satisfactory occupational therapy service delivery approach for parents of CSHCN. Findings build preliminary evidence for understanding for whom telehealth is well suited, supporting determination of relevant, fundable telehealth services.
Convergence of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy: Updates on OTJR’s Occupational Science Section
Authors: Aldrich Rebecca M. , Njelesani Janet
Published: December 2023

Established in 2019, OTJR’s Occupational Science Section provides a dedicated venue for showcasing empirical occupational science research and fostering translation of that research into occupational therapy practices. In this invited commentary, the first and second Associate Editors of the Occupational Science Section reflect on its early growth, connecting the foci of the Occupational Science Section to topics discussed at selected occupational science and occupational therapy conferences in 2022. The commentary concludes with a discussion of future possibilities for the Occupational Science Section as it moves forward.
Telehealth Lifestyle Redesign Occupational Therapy for Diabetes: Preliminary Effectiveness, Satisfaction, and Engagement
Authors: Mitchell Seth , Sideris John , Blanchard Jeanine , Granados Gabrielle , Díaz Jesús , Pyatak Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Telehealth delivery of Lifestyle Redesign®, an occupational therapy intervention framework addressing health and quality of life among people with chronic conditions, is understudied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, satisfaction, and engagement of telehealth Lifestyle Redesign for young adults with diabetes. Using process data from two randomized controlled trials, we compared in-person and telehealth intervention effects. Among telehealth clients, effectiveness was assessed using pre-post changes in occupational performance, occupational satisfaction, and health management; a survey captured telehealth satisfaction. Attendance and engagement in in-person versus telehealth therapy were compared. Preliminary results indicate telehealth clients had significant increases in occupational performance, occupational satisfaction, and health management (all p < .02), and high levels of telehealth satisfaction. Intervention engagement ( p = .59) and attendance ( p = .42) were similar across treatment modalities. Telehealth delivery of Lifestyle Redesign occupational therapy is feasible and potentially efficacious, and continued advocacy is needed to ensure access to occupational therapy through telehealth.
Benefits and Challenges of a Telehealth Eating and Mealtime Intervention for Autistic Children: Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Perspectives
Authors: Hladik Libby , St. John Brittany , Carbery Madeline , Gray Megan , Drew John R. , Ausderau Karla K.
Published: December 2023

Eating and mealtime challenges are common in autistic children, yet intervention access is limited. Telehealth may provide opportunities to address this gap and increase access for underserved families. This study examined the occupational therapy practitioner’s perceptions of transitioning from a caregiver-mediated, in-home eating, and mealtime intervention for autistic children to telehealth owing to COVID-19 while considering the impact on accessibility, challenges, and benefits. Family characteristics were compared between groups. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews explored practitioners’ experiences of telehealth. Statistical findings and themes were directly compared and contrasted. The following three themes emerged: Intervention Adaptations, Challenges for Interventionists, and Benefits of Telehealth. The differences in the families’ geographic location were identified. Themes and family characteristic differences supported increased intervention accessibility for the telehealth group. This study provides preliminary evidence that telehealth can increase access to specialized services. There are benefits and challenges to implementing telehealth with families and autistic children.
Telehealth Delivery of Evidence-Based Intervention Within Older Adult Populations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Washington Selena E. , Bollinger Rebecca M. , Edwards Emma , McGowan Lauren , Stephens Sydney
Published: December 2023

Telehealth services enable individuals to participate in meaningful occupations; however, the evidence on this topic has not been synthesized in older adult populations. This scoping review synthesized the evidence on interventions delivered through telehealth (and the mode of delivery) in occupational therapy for older adult populations. A search for studies on occupational therapy, older adults, and telehealth was performed in six research databases, and identified 536 articles. Four reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts; and reviewed eligible full text. Ten articles were extracted into a table and summarized through narrative format. The studies focused on performance-based intervention (60%), cognition (10%), health (10%), occupation (10%), and the environment (10%) in older adult populations ( N = 1 − 208); including those with Alzheimer’s disease, chronic pain, cancer, and stroke. The interventions were delivered through electronic audio-visual platforms (e.g., zoom) (80%) and teleconference platforms (e.g., phone calls) (20%).
Measurement Properties of the Stroke-Predischarge Occupational Therapy Assessment
Authors: Hwang Na-Kyoung , Yoo Eun-Young , Jung Min-Ye , Park Ji-Hyuk , Hong Ickpyo , Kim Jung-Ran
Published: December 2023

There is no comprehensive predischarge occupational therapy assessment tool in South Korea. The objective of this study was to determine Stroke-Predischarge Occupational Therapy Assessment (S-POTA) validity and reliability. Twenty-seven occupational therapists (OTs) assessed 97 patients with stroke. Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing S-POTA scores with stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL). Discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing S-POTA scores between outpatient and readmitted groups, and a receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted. The test–retest was conducted twice in 20 patients, and the inter-rater test was conducted with two OTs per patient. S-POTA positively correlated with SS-QOL. S-POTA rating differs significantly across outpatients and readmitted groups. All S-POTA areas under curve values ranged from .70 to .85, and cut-off points were derived. Cronbach’s α for internal consistency was .953, the intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest was .990, and .987 for inter-rater reliability. The results suggest S-POTA is a reliable tool for efficient implementation of discharge planning.
Outside the Cage Subcostal RATS Lobectomy: Technical Aspects and Results of the First Series of a Novel Approach to Pulmonary Lobectomy
Authors: Bulgarelli Maqueda Luciano , Têtu Maxime , Guimarães Rocha Lima Pedro , Abu-Reida Feras , Alashgar Omniyah , Dayan Gabriel , Nasir Basil , Ferraro Pasquale , Liberman Moishe
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The goal of minimally invasive surgery is to reduce trauma to patients and improve their postoperative outcomes. In this context, the utilization of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) in the treatment of lung cancer has increased worldwide. The feasibility of single-incision major pulmonary resections by RATS was recently reported, with the objective of minimizing the surgical trauma of the traditional multiportal RATS approach. However, both techniques require intercostal incisions, potentially causing immediate and chronic pain resulting from intercostal nerve injury. To reduce postoperative pain resulting from intercostal approaches, we developed a nonintercostal, outside the thoracic cage (OTC) approach for RATS lobectomy, avoiding intercostal instrumentation. This report aims to describe the results of the first reported series of OTC subcostal RATS lobectomies.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of a series of the first consecutive patients operated on using the novel OTC subcostal RATS lobectomy technique.

Results:

Between August and December 2022, a total of 10 consecutive cases were analyzed. The median age was 63 (55 to 84) years, the mean body mass index was 29 (24 to 45) kg/m2, and the median American Society of Anesthesiologists score was III (II to IV). No serious adverse events were observed, and there was no conversion of the surgical technique. The mean operative time was 132.6 (98 to 223) min. The median length of stay was 2 days. No pain-related complications, readmissions, or 30-day mortality were observed.

Conclusions:

This series demonstrates that OTC RATS lobectomy is feasible and safe. A phase I clinical trial is currently underway to prospectively assess the safety of the technique as well as its clinical relevance.
Contour device implantation for treatment of intracranial aneurysms in the basilar tip
Authors: Mostafa Karim , Bueno Neves Fernando , Gärtner Friederike , Peters Sönke , Hensler Johannes , Larsen Naomi , Klintz Tristan , Mahnke Justus , Flüh Charlotte , Jansen Olav , Wodarg Fritz
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Treatment of basilar apex aneurysms will remain challenging regarding the nobility of the parent vessel and their often wide-necked configuration. With endovascular techniques being the treatment approach of choice, novel intrasaccular flow-disruption devices constitute an endovascular embolization option. In this research, we report our experiences in embolizing basilar tip aneurysms with the novel Contour device.

Material and methods

Retrospective analysis of eight patients after Contour implantation into a basilar apex aneurysm. Periprocedural data on intervention times, radiation dose, procedural success and complications were gathered. All patients received follow-up digital subtraction angiography after six months. Further follow-up examination results were analysed given their availability.

Results

Contour implantation was successful in all patients. The mean device instrumentation time was 18.8 ± 7.7 min with a mean full intervention time of 100 ± 65.8 min. The mean full procedure radiation dose was 1917 (421–5107) cGy/cm2. After six months, six aneurysms were occluded (Raymond Roy Scale (RRS) 1/2), one showed perfusion inside the device (RRS 3a) and one patient had undergone reintervention due to progression. The aneurysm with constant perfusion at six months was seen to be occluded after 24 months.

Conclusion

Contour device implantation is a promising feasible alternative endovascular method for embolization of intracranial aneurysms located in the basilar tip with short intervention times and low radiation dosages. Short- and medium-term follow-ups show promising results concerning aneurysm occlusion and reinterventions, however further research is needed to show long-term stability.
Stomatin-like protein 3 modulates the responses of Aδ, but not C fiber bone afferent neurons to noxious mechanical stimulation in an animal model of acute experimental bone pain
Authors: Morgan Michael , Thai Jenny , Nencini Sara , Xu James , Ivanusic Jason J
Published: December 2023

STOML3 is a membrane bound scaffolding protein that has been shown to facilitate the opening of mechanically sensitive ion channels and contribute to noxious mechanical sensation, allodynia and hyperalgesia. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of STOML3 in noxious mechanical sensitivity of bone afferent neurons and carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the bone. An in vivo , electrophysiological bone-nerve preparation was used to make recordings of the activity and sensitivity of bone afferent neurons that innervate the tibial marrow cavity in anaesthetised rats, in response to noxious mechanical stimuli delivered to the marrow cavity, before and after injection of either the STOML3 oligomerisation inhibitor OB-1 or vehicle, in either naïve animals or animals with carrageenan-induced inflammation of the marrow cavity. A dynamic weight-bearing apparatus was used to measure weight bearing in response to inflammatory pain before and after injection of OB-1 or saline into the tibial marrow cavity in the presence of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that Aδ, but not C bone afferent neurons have a reduced discharge frequency in response to mechanical stimulation, and that carrageenan-induced sensitisation of Aδ, but not C bone afferent neurons was attenuated by inhibition of STOML3 oligomerisation with OB-1. Animals treated with OB-1 spent a significantly greater amount of time on the limb injected with carrageenan than animals treated with saline. Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of STOML3 oligomerisation reduces inflammatory bone pain by reducing the sensitivity of Aδ bone afferent neurons to mechanical stimulation. Targeting STOML3 may be an effective approach to reduce pain from noxious pressure and/or painful inflammatory pathology in bone.
Lumbopelvic pain and sick leave during pregnancy: A comparison of Italy and Norway
Authors: Haakstad Lene Annette Hagen , Benvenuti Maria Beatrice , Dalhaug Emilie Mass , Bø Kari
Published: December 2023

Background:

Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain is a frequently reported musculoskeletal disorder, but few studies have compared data between countries.

Objectives:

Examine prevalence, severity, and sick leave and explore potential risk factors associated with pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain in Italian women and compare the results to a similar study in Norway, utilizing the same questionnaire.

Design:

Cross-sectional

Methods:

Italian ( n = 481) and Norwegian women ( n = 435) were allocated from two public hospitals in Rome (Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni Calibita-Isola Tiberina) and Oslo (Oslo University Hospital), as well as four antenatal clinics in Modena (Italy). The questionnaire was completed between gestation weeks 32 and 36, addressing women’s experiences of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain and sick leave in current week, and retrospectively for prepregnancy, first and second trimesters.

Results:

In Italy and Norway, 39% and 57% of pregnant women reported pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain, respectively, with 11% and 25% experiencing severe pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain was associated with sick leave in Norway ( p < 0.01), but not in Italy ( p = 0.66) at late gestation. In both countries, women with pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain versus those with no pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain were more likely to be multiparous (Italy: 40% versus 31%, p = 0.06 and Norway: 53% versus 38%, p < 0.01), and have gestational weight gain above guidelines (Italy: 21% versus 13%, p = 0.02% and Norway: 27% versus 14%, p < 0.01) and previous experience of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain (Italy: 15% versus 2%, p < 0.01 and Norway: 31% versus 4%, p < 0.01). Maternal exercise (⩾2 times weekly) was associated with less pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain (Italy: odds ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval = 0.11–1.0, p = 0.05 and Norway: odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval = 0.29–1.0, p = 0.06).

Conclusion:

We observed high rates of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain in Italy and Norway, with Norwegian women reporting the highest prevalence and severity level. While both countries had similar rates of sick leave in late gestation, an association between pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain and sick leave was observed among Norwegian women only. Health care providers should be proactive in addressing pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain through open communication and seeking input from pregnant individuals. However, it is essential to acknowledge that the current evidence on effective treatments remains limited and inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research in this field.
Fluorescence Activity-Guided Isolation of Aaptamine Derivatives From the Marine Sponge Aaptos suberitoides and Their Inhibitory Activity Against Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Sung Dan-Bi , Hyun Jung Mi , Song Myung Jin , Jeong Kwiwan , Lee Jong Seok , Lee Yeon-Ju
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aim of this research was to isolate and identify the natural products responsible for the biological and fluorescence activity of the extract from the marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides. Methods: Fluorescence activity-guided separation was performed after validation of the inhibitory activity of the extract against human transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (hTRPA1) and subsequent measurement of its fluorescence activity. Three previously reported marine alkaloids, aaptamine, isoaaptamine, and 9- O-demethylaaptamine, were obtained and identified based on their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry data. Results: Aaptamine showed emission of the fluorescent light at a wavelength of 485 nm with a quantum yield of 31%. Isoaaptamine and 9- O-demethylaaptamine showed marginal fluorescence activity but promising inhibitory activity against hTRPA1 with IC50 values of 3.1 and 3.9 μM, respectively. Conclusions: This research demonstrates that natural fluorophores can be discovered in living organisms through photoactivity-guided isolation. Aaptamine, isolated as a result, provides an additional 1,6-naphthyridine fluorophore, while isoaaptamine and 9- O-demethylaaptamine suggest a chemical scaffold that could be used to study the function of ion channels.
Neuroacanthocytosis Syndromes: The Clinical Perspective
Authors: Walker Ruth H. , Peikert Kevin , Jung Hans H. , Hermann Andreas , Danek Adrian
Published: December 2023

The two very rare neurodegenerative diseases historically known as the “neuroacanthocytosis syndromes” are due to mutations of either VPS13A or XK. These are phenotypically similar disorders that affect primarily the basal ganglia and hence result in involuntary abnormal movements as well as neuropsychiatric and cognitive alterations. There are other shared features such as abnormalities of red cell membranes which result in acanthocytes, whose relationship to neurodegeneration is not yet known. Recent insights into the functions of these two proteins suggest dysfunction of lipid processing and trafficking at the subcellular level and may provide a mechanism for neuronal dysfunction and death, and potentially a target for therapeutic interventions.
Ontario Adults’ Mental Health and Wellbeing During the First 16 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shillington Katie J. , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Burke Shauna M. , Ng Victor , Tucker Patricia , Irwin Jennifer D.
Published: December 2023

This study quantitatively assessed adults’ mental health and overall wellbeing over time during the first 16 months of the pandemic in Ontario, Canada. A total of 2,188 participants participated in the study and completed online questionnaires at three time points (baseline—April–July 2020; time 2—July–August 2020; and time 3—July–August 2021), which included demographic questions, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A). One-way repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed a statistically significant increase over time in participants’ mental health (MHI), as well as a significant decrease in their satisfaction with their standard of living, physical health, mental health, personal relationships, safety, community-connectedness, future security, and spirituality/religion (PWI-A). While participants’ mental health improved, their mean scores indicated the presence of mental health disorders. Generally speaking, over the first 16 months of the pandemic, the self-reported mental health of Ontario adults improved, while their perceived wellbeing declined.
ROS-generating nanoplatforms as selective and tunable therapeutic weapons against cancer
Authors: Foglietta Federica , Serpe Loredana , Canaparo Roberto
Published: December 2023

Reactive species refers to a group of chemicals, mainly reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), that are naturally formed by cells as a byproduct of cell metabolism and regulated by various internal and external factors. Due to their highly chemical reactivity, ROS play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes which is why studies on ROS regulation for disease treatment show attracted increasing interest. Notably, ROS are now studied as a powerful therapeutic weapon in ROS-regulating therapies such as ROS-based cytotoxic therapies mediated by ROS-increasing agents for cancer treatment. Thanks to the significant progress in nanotechnology, innovative nanoplatforms with ROS-regulating activities have been developed to look for effective ROS-related nanomedicines. In this review, studies on ROS-based cytotoxic therapies against cancer as photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), radiation therapy (RT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are discussed, with a focus on the stimuli-responsive ROS-generating nanoplatforms developed for breaking the current therapeutic limits of ROS-based cytotoxic therapies. Finally, we suppose that our review on this developing field will be valuable for promoting the progress of ROS-based cytotoxic therapies not only in basic research but overall, in translational research and clinical application.
Insights into ZmWAKL in maize kernel development: genome-wide investigation and GA-mediated transcription
Authors: Hu Kun , Dai Qiao , Ajayo Babatope Samuel , Wang Hao , Hu Yufeng , Li Yangping , Huang Huanhuan , Liu Hanmei , Liu Yinghong , Wang Yayun , Gao Lei , Xie Ying
Published: December 2023

Background

The functional roles of the Wall Associated Kinase (WAK) and Wall Associated Kinase Like (WAKL) families in cellular expansion and developmental processes have been well-established. However, the molecular regulation of these kinases in maize development is limited due to the absence of comprehensive genome-wide studies.

Results

Through an in-depth analysis, we identified 58 maize WAKL genes, and classified them into three distinct phylogenetic clusters. Moreover, structural prediction analysis showed functional conservation among WAKLs across maize. Promoter analysis uncovered the existence of cis-acting elements associated with the transcriptional regulation of ZmWAKL genes by Gibberellic acid (GA). To further elucidate the role of WAKL genes in maize kernels, we focused on three highly expressed genes, viz ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42 and ZmWAKL52. Co-expression analyses revealed that their expression patterns exhibited a remarkable correlation with GA-responsive transcription factors (TF) TF5, TF6, and TF8, which displayed preferential expression in kernels. RT-qPCR analysis validated the upregulation of ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42, ZmWAKL52, TF5, TF6, and TF8 following GA treatment. Additionally, ZmWAKL52 showed significant increase of transcription in the present of TF8, with ZmWAKL52 localizing in both the plasma membrane and cell wall. TF5 positively regulated ZmWAKL38, while TF6 positively regulated ZmWAKL42.

Conclusions

Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the characterization and regulatory mechanisms of specific ZmWAKL genes involved in maize kernel development, offering prospects for their utilization in maize breeding programs.
Germplasm characterization and SDS-PAGE analysis of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from different provenances
Authors: Wang Min , Yuan Xiaolu , Xu Liping
Published: December 2023

Background

Capparis spinosa L. is a typical desert plant that is resistant to high temperatures and drought, and at the same time is rich in medicinal and food values. The objective of this study is to explore the variations in nutrient composition, morphological characteristics, and SDS-PAGE patterns of caper seeds from different provenances, aiming to provide insights for the selection of superior seed provenances.

Results

In this experiment, there were significant differences in the morphological characteristics and major nutritional components of caper seeds from different provenances. Seeds from the YKL (Karayagaqi Township, Yining County) and YKG (G218, KashiTown, Yining County) regions were larger in size compared to seeds from other regions. Among the four measured nutritional components, crude fat had the highest content, especially in the YKL and YKG region. The results of correlation analysis showed that crude fat was negatively correlated with soluble sugar and soluble protein but significantly positively correlated with starch content. As longitude increased from east to west, the morphological characteristics gradually increased. Based on the principal component analysis of all the parameters of the seeds, the eight provenances could be classified into three groups. HM (Hami), TGS (S202, Gaochang District, Turpan), HYW (Wubao Town, Yizhou District, Hami), TQQ (Qiquanhu Town, Turpan), and TLF (Turpan) were a group with higher soluble protein, soluble sugar, and water content. YKL and YKG were in one group, which had larger seed grains with high crude fat and starch content. AKS (Aksu) was in a separate group. The protein fractions from seeds of eight regions were extracted using Osborne fractionation method, it was found that glutelin content was the highest, while albumin content was the lowest. After these proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, the electrophoretic patterns showed that the protein molecular weights were relatively small, and there were differences in protein bands among different provenances.

Conclusion

According to the PCA results, the eight seed provenances could be divided into three groups. There were both geographically distant ones clustered into one group, and those close to each other were also divided into one group. There were differences in seed morphology, nutrient content and SDS-PAGE profiles among the different seed sources. This difference might be caused by a combination of geographic and climatic factors. In addition, YKL and YKG were roughly selected as good seed provenances, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of C. spinosa L. germplasm resources.
Conditions for successful implementation of couple-based collaborative management model of diabetes among community-dwelling older Chinese: a qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Conghui , Liu Yixuan , Wu Dadong , Liu Lingrui , Zheng Huiqiong , Xu Dong , Liao Jing
Published: December 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent and potentially devastating chronic illness affecting many older adults. Given spousal involvement in many aspects of diabetes management, coping with their partners is increasingly seen as a potential solution to make up for limited resources. This study aimed to identify the key conditions for optimal implementation of couple-based collaborative management model (CCMM) among Chinese older couples with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Older couples and community healthcare practitioners were selected according to couples’ joint intervention attendance rate and community’s average attendance rate. This mixed methods research consisted of a qualitative phase and a quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted among 12 pairs of couples in the intervention group and 4 corresponding practitioners, in the follow-up period of the multicentered RCT from January to April 2022. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in the quantitative phase to identify conditions influencing CCMM’s implementation and to explore necessary and sufficient combinations of conditions (i.e., solutions) for improving patients’ glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control (outcome).

Results

Key conditions included implementation process, couple’s role in diabetes management, their belief and perception of CCMM, as well as objective obstacles and subjective initiative for behavior change. Accordingly, major barriers in CCMM’s implementation were patients’ strong autonomy (particularly among husbands), misbelief and misperception about diabetes management as a result of low literacy, and mistrust of the practitioners. QCA further revealed that no single condition was necessary for effective HbA1c control, while three types of their combinations would be sufficient. Solution 1 and 2 both comprised the presence of spousal willingness to help, plus correct belief and perception of diabetes management, well embodying the utility of couple collaborative management in supporting patients’ HbA1c control. On the other hand, solution 3 indicated that high-quality implementation even without spousal support, can promote the patient’s subjective initiative to overcome objective obstacles, suggesting enhanced self-management for HbA1c control.

Conclusions

Tailored CCMM should be implemented in reference to older couple’s preferences and literacy levels, to ensure intervention fidelity, and establish correct understanding of collaborative management among them.
A scoping review on HIV early infant diagnosis among HIV exposed infants, ART use and adherence in Tanzania
Authors: Metta Emmy , Tesha Novatus
Published: December 2023

Background

HIV Early Infant Diagnosis (HEID) is critical for the timely initiation of HIV treatments and improved health outcomes among HIV-infected infants. However, the uptake of HEID remains largely low in Tanzania. This descriptive scoping review of evidence on HEID among HIV-exposed infants in Tanzania seeks to understand the dynamics of HEID, ART use and adherence to inform targeted interventions and promote its uptake.

Methods

The Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework guided this scoping review. We searched for peer-published articles on HEID in Tanzania through PubMed and Google Scholar with full-text retrieval from HINAR. We included only English language articles published between 2013 and 2022. Further searches for the materials on the reference lists of the publications yielded additional relevant articles. We carried out an inductive thematic analysis to analyze and synthesize the data.

Results

In all, nine articles met the inclusion criteria and, hence, qualified for the review. The variations in the uptake of HEID in the empirical literature reviewed indicate an upward trend. HEID increased from 77.2% in 2009 to 97.8% in 2011 in Kilimanjaro, Mbeya and Tanga and from 53.2% in 2014 to 69.2% in 2016 in Dar es Salaam. The median age at the initial test ranged from 5.6 weeks in Kilimanjaro to 8.6 weeks in Mbeya. The uptake of HEID was necessitated by individual, household and health facility factors. Unknown HIV status at conception, low level of education of the household head, and large household size negatively affected uptake of HEID. The health facility factors such as unavailability of the test kits, long distances to the facility and transport costs negatively influenced HEID uptake. The percentage of HIV-positive infants on ART ranged from 52.7 to 61%, and loss to follow ranged from 31 to 61%.

Conclusion

The uptake of HEID varied among regions depending on individual, household and health facility factors. Multifaced efforts are needed to address these factors for accelerated uptake of HEID and improved health outcomes and survival among this strategic population group.
Maternal interventions to decrease stillbirths and neonatal mortality in Tanzania: evidence from the 2017-18 cross-sectional Tanzania verbal and social autopsy study
Authors: Kalter Henry D. , Koffi Alain K. , Perin Jamie , Kamwe Mlemba A. , Black Robert E.
Published: December 2023

Background

Reduction of Tanzania’s neonatal mortality rate has lagged behind that for all under-fives, and perinatal mortality has remained stagnant over the past two decades. We conducted a national verbal and social autopsy (VASA) study to estimate the causes and social determinants of stillbirths and neonatal deaths with the aim of identifying relevant health care and social interventions.

Methods

A VASA interview was conducted of all stillbirths and neonatal deaths in the prior 5 years identified by the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. We evaluated associations of maternal complications with antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth and leading causes of neonatal death; conducted descriptive analyses of antenatal (ANC) and delivery care and mothers’ careseeking for complications; and developed logistic regression models to examine factors associated with delivery place and mode.

Results

There were 204 stillbirths, with 185 able to be classified as antepartum (88 [47.5%]) or intrapartum (97 [52.5%]), and 228 neonatal deaths. Women with an intrapartum stillbirth were 6.5% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.065, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002, 1.132) more likely to have a C-section for every additional hour before delivery after reaching the birth attendant. Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), maternal anemia, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were significantly positively associated with early neonatal mortality due to preterm delivery, intrapartum-related events and serious infection, respectively. While half to two-thirds of mothers made four or more ANC visits (ANC4+), a third or fewer received quality ANC (Q-ANC). Women with a complication were more likely to deliver at hospital only if they received Q-ANC (neonates: aOR = 4.5, 95% CI 1.6, 12.3) or ANC4+ (stillbirths: aOR = 11.8, 95% CI 3.6, 38.0). Nevertheless, urban residence was the strongest predictor of hospital delivery.

Conclusions

While Q-ANC and ANC4 + boosted hospital delivery among women with a complication, attendance was low and the quality of care is critical. Quality improvement efforts in urban and rural areas should focus on early detection and management of APH, maternal anemia, PROM, and prolonged labor, and on newborn resuscitation.
Development of mental health first-aid guidelines for suicide risk: a Delphi expert consensus study in Argentina and Chile
Authors: Encina-Zúñiga Esteban , Rodante Demián , Agrest Martín , Tapia-Munoz Thamara , Vidal-Zamora Isidora , Ardila-Gómez Sara , Alvarado Rubén , Leiderman Eduardo A , Reavley Nicola
Published: December 2023

Background

Suicide continues to pose a significant global public health challenge and ranks as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Given the prevalence of suicide risk in the community, there is a significant likelihood of encountering individuals who may be experiencing suicidal thoughts or plans, creating an opening for non-health professionals to offer support. This study aims to culturally adapt the original Australian Mental Health First Aid Guidelines for suicide risk to the Chilean and Argentine context.

Methods

A two-round Delphi expert consensus study was conducted involving two panels, one comprising individuals with personal experience in suicide thoughts/attempts or caregiving for those with such experiences (n = 18), and the other consisting of professionals specialized in suicide assessment and support for individuals at risk (n = 25). They rated a total of 179 items mainly derived from guidelines developed by Australian experts and translated into Spanish (168), and new items included by the research team (11). The panel members were requested to assess each item utilizing a five-point Likert scale. During the second round, items that received moderate approval in the initial round were re-evaluated, and new items suggested by the local experts in the first round were also subjected to evaluation in the next round. Inclusion in the final guidelines required an 80% endorsement as “essential” or “important” from both panels.

Results

Consensus of approval was reached for 189 statements. Among these, 139 statements were derived from the English-language guidelines, while 50 locally generated statements were accepted during the second round. A significant difference from the original guideline was identified concerning the local experts’ reluctance to discuss actions collaboratively with adolescents. Furthermore, the local experts proposed the inclusion of an entirely new section addressing suicide risk in older individuals, particularly focusing on suicide methods and warning signs.

Conclusions

A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted to culturally adapt mental health first aid guidelines for assessing suicide risk in Chile and Argentina. This study involved professionals and individuals with lived experience. While many items were endorsed, some related to inquiring about suicide risk and autonomy, particularly for adolescents, were not. An additional section for older individuals was introduced. Future research should explore the implementation and impact of these adapted guidelines in training courses. This is vital for enhancing mental health support and implementing effective suicide prevention strategies in Chile and Argentina.