bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of group‐hunting in vertebrates
Authors: Hansen Matthew J. , Domenici Paolo , Bartashevich Palina , Burns Alicia , Krause Jens
Published: May 2023

Group‐hunting is ubiquitous across animal taxa and has received considerable attention in the context of its functions. By contrast much less is known about the mechanisms by which grouping predators hunt their prey. This is primarily due to a lack of experimental manipulation alongside logistical difficulties quantifying the behaviour of multiple predators at high spatiotemporal resolution as they search, select, and capture wild prey. However, the use of new remote‐sensing technologies and a broadening of the focal taxa beyond apex predators provides researchers with a great opportunity to discern accuratelyhowmultiple predators hunt together and not just whether doing so provides hunters with aper capitabenefit. We incorporate many ideas from collective behaviour and locomotion throughout this review to make testable predictions for future researchers and pay particular attention to the role that computer simulation can play in a feedback loop with empirical data collection. Our review of the literature showed that the breadth of predator:prey size ratios among the taxa that can be considered to hunt as a group is very large (<100to >102). We therefore synthesised the literature with respect to these predator:prey ratios and found that they promoted different hunting mechanisms. Additionally, these different hunting mechanisms are also related to particular stages of the hunt (search, selection, capture) and thus we structure our review in accordance with these two factors (stage of the hunt and predator:prey size ratio). We identify several novel group‐hunting mechanisms which are largely untested, particularly under field conditions, and we also highlight a range of potential study organisms that are amenable to experimental testing of these mechanisms in connection with tracking technology. We believe that a combination of new hypotheses, study systems and methodological approaches should help push the field of group‐hunting in new directions.
GPAM mediated lysophosphatidic acid synthesis regulates mitochondrial dynamics in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Irifune Hidetoshi , Kochi Yu , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Sakoda Teppei , Kato Koji , Kunisaki Yuya , Akashi Koichi , Kikushige Yoshikane
Published: May 2023

Metabolic alterations, especially in the mitochondria, play important roles in several kinds of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, AML‐specific molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics remain elusive. Through the metabolite screening comparing CD34+ AML cells and healthy hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, we identified enhanced lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) synthesis activity in AML. LPA is synthesized from glycerol‐3‐phosphate by glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs), rate‐limiting enzymes of the LPA synthesis pathway. Among the four isozymes of GPATs, glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferases, mitochondrial (GPAM) was highly expressed in AML cells, and the inhibition of LPA synthesis by silencing GPAM or FSG67 (a GPAM‐inhibitor) significantly impaired AML propagation through the induction of mitochondrial fission, resulting in the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and the elevation of reactive oxygen species. Notably, inhibition of this metabolic synthesis pathway by FSG67 administration did not affect normal human hematopoiesis in vivo. Therefore, the GPAM‐mediated LPA synthesis pathway from G3P represents a critical metabolic mechanism that specifically regulates mitochondrial dynamics in human AML, and GPAM is a promising potential therapeutic target.
Characterization of starvation response‐related genes for predicting prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yuan , Gao Shun , Xu Yingkun , Tang Zhenrong , Liu Shengchun
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer (BRCA) cells typically exist in nutrient‐deficient microenvironments and quickly adapt to states with fluctuating nutrient levels. The tumor microenvironment of starvation is intensely related to metabolism and the malignant progression of BRCA. However, the potential molecular mechanism has not been thoroughly scrutinized. As a result, this study aimed to dissect the prognostic implications of mRNAs involved in the starvation response and construct a signature for forecasting the outcomes of BRCA. In this research, we investigated how starvation could affect BRCA cells’ propensities for invasion and migration. The effects of autophagy and glucose metabolism mediated by starved stimulation were examined through transwell assays, western blot, and the detection of glucose concentration. A starvation response‐related gene (SRRG) signature was ultimately generated by integrated analysis. The risk score was recognized as an independent risk indicator. The nomogram and calibration curves revealed that the model had excellent prediction accuracy. Functional enrichment analysis indicated this signature was significantly enriched in metabolic‐related pathways and energy stress‐related biological processes. Furthermore, phosphorylated protein expression of the model core gene EIF2AK3 increased after the stimulus of starvation, and EIF2AK3 may play an essential role in the progression of BRCA in the starved microenvironment. To sum up, we constructed and validated a novel SRRG signature that could accurately predict outcomes and may be developed as a therapeutic target for the precise treatment of BRCA.
Sleep disturbances in Phelan‐McDermid syndrome: Clinical and metabolic profiling of 56 individuals
Authors: Moffitt Bridgette A. , Oberman Lindsay M. , Beamer Laura , Srikanth Sujata , Jain Lavanya , Cascio Lauren , Jones Kelly , Pauly Rini , May Melanie , Skinner Cindy , Buchanan Caroline , DuPont Barbara R. , Kaufmann Walter E. , Valentine Kathleen , Ward Linda D. , Ivankovic Diana , Rogers R. Curtis , Phelan Katy , Sarasua Sara M. , Boccuto Luigi
Published: May 2023

Phelan‐McDermid Syndrome (PMS) is caused by deletions at chromosome 22q13.3 or pathogenic/likely pathogenic SHANK3 variants. The clinical presentation is extremely variable and includes global developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID), seizures, neonatal hypotonia, and sleep disturbances, among others. This study investigated the prevalence of sleep disturbances, and the genetic and metabolic features associated with them, in a cohort of 56 individuals with PMS. Sleep data were collected via standardized observer/caregiver questionnaires, while genetic data from array‐CGH and sequencing of 9 candidate genes within the 22q13.3 region, and metabolic profiling utilized the Biolog Phenotype Mammalian MicroArray plates. Sleep disturbances were present in 64.3% of individuals with PMS, with the most common problem being waking during the night (39%). Sleep disturbances were more prevalent in individuals with a SHANK3 pathogenic variant (89%) compared to subjects with 22q13.3 deletions of any size (59.6%). Distinct metabolic profiles for individuals with PMS with and without sleep disturbances were also identified. These data are helpful information for recognizing and managing sleep disturbances in individuals with PMS, outlining the main candidate gene for this neurological manifestation, and highlighting potential biomarkers for early identification of at‐risk subjects and molecular targets for novel treatment approaches.
Bone regeneration as treatment of peri‐implant disease: A narrative review
Authors: Noelken Robert , Al‐Nawas Bilal
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Analysis of the 3‐dimensional implant position, the bone defect morphology, and the soft tissue situation guides the decision to preserve or to remove an implant with a severe peri‐implantitis lesion. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and to comprehensively illustrate the treatment options focusing on peri‐implant bone regeneration in presence of severe peri‐implant bone loss.

Methods

A database search was performed independently by the two reviewers to identify case reports, case series, cohort, retrospective, and prospective studies about peri‐implant bone regeneration with a follow‐up of at least 6 months. Of the 344 studies issued during the database analysis, 96 publications were selected by the authors for this review.

Results

Deproteinized bovine bone mineral remains the best documented material for defect regeneration in peri‐implantitis in combination with or without a barrier membrane. While studies using autogenous bone in peri‐implantitis therapy are rarely found, they do report favorable potential of vertical bone regeneration. Moreover, while membranes are an inherent part of the guided bone regeneration, a 5‐year follow‐up study demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvements with and without a membrane. The administration of systemic antibiotics is frequently performed in clinical studies observing regenerative surgical peri‐implantitis therapy, but the analysis of the literature does not support a positive effect of this medication. Most studies for regenerative peri‐implantitis surgery recommend the removal of the prosthetic rehabilitation and the use a marginal incision with a full‐thickness access flap elevation. This allows for a good overview for regenerative procedures with a certain risk of wound dehiscences and incomplete regeneration. An alternative approach referring to the poncho technique may reduce the risk of dehiscence. The effectiveness of implant surface decontamination might have an impact on peri‐implant bone regeneration without any clinical superiority of a certain technique.

Conclusion

The available literature reveals that the success of peri‐implantitis therapy is limited to the reduction of bleeding on probing, the improvement of the peri‐implant probing depth and a small amount of vertical defect fill. On this basis, no specific recommendations for bone regeneration in surgical peri‐implantitis therapy can be made. Innovative approaches for flap design, surface decontamination, bone defect grafting material, and soft tissue augmentation should be followed closely to find advanced techniques for favorable peri‐implant bone augmentation.
Dyeing of polyamide fabrics with a reverse micellar system using soybean oil as a solvent
Authors: Guimarães Letícia Fantinati , Granato Miguel Angelo
Published: May 2023

The current study reports the results of non‐aqueous dyeing on polyamide fabrics based on a reverse micellar system composed of a stable emulsion of soybean oil, a co‐surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and acid dyes. The system does not make use of water or electrolytes and significantly reduces the dyebath volume. The influence of the hydrophilic lipophilic balance of the surfactants was evaluated, and it was found that the more hydrophilic the surfactant, the better the interaction of the reverse micellar emulsion with the substrate and, consequently, the greater the resulting colour strength. The co‐surfactant plays an important role in the system, as its proportion to the surfactant/oil mixture is directly related to better exhaustion of the dyebath. The results were compared with those from a conventional water‐based dyeing system. Colour matching was performed using the CIELab colour difference formula (ΔE) measured by a reflectance spectrophotometer.
In vitro construction of liver organoids with biomimetic lobule structure by a multicellular 3D bioprinting strategy
Authors: Jian Honglei , Li Xin , Dong Qianqian , Tian Shaonan , Bai Shuo
Published: May 2023

Liver disease is one of the serious threats to human life and health. Three‐dimensional (3D) liver models, which simulate the structure and function of natural liver tissue in vitro, have become a common demand in medical, scientific and pharmaceutical fields nowadays. However, the complex cellular composition and multi‐scale spatial arrangement of liver tissue make it extremely challenging to construct liver models in vitro. According to HepaRG preference and printing strategy, the formulation of bioink system with opposite charge is optimized. The sodium alginate‐based bioink 1 and dipeptide‐based bioink 2 are used to ensure structural integrity and provide flexible designability, respectively. The HepaRG/HUVECs/LX‐2‐laden liver organoids with biomimetic lobule structure are fabricated by a multicellular 3D droplet‐based bioprinting strategy, to mimic the cell heterogeneity, spatial structure and extracellular matrix (ECM) features. The liver organoids can maintain structural integrity and multicellular distribution within the printed lobule‐like structure after 7 days of culture. Compared with the 2D monolayer culture, the constructed 3D organoids show high cell viability, ALB secretion and urea synthesis levels. This study provides a droplet‐based and layer‐by‐layer 3D bioprinting strategy for in vitro construction of liver organoids with biomimetic lobule structure, giving meaningful insights in the fields of new drugs, disease modelling, and tissue regeneration.
A novel inducible haematopoietic cell‐depleting mouse model for chimeric complementation of blood cells
Authors: Cao Weiyun , Cao Jiani , Li Xing , Xu Haoyu , Tian Jiayi , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Fengchao , Zhao Tongbiao
Published: May 2023

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is widely used in regenerative medicine. HSCT can be used not only to treat certain types of blood cancer and immune disorders but also to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation. However, the inadequacy of HSCs available for transplantation is still a major hurdle for clinical applications. Here, we established a novel inducible haematopoietic cell‐depleting mouse model and tested the feasibility of using chimeric complementation to regenerate HSCs and their progeny cells. Large populations of syngeneic and major histocompatibility‐mismatched haematopoietic cells were successfully regenerated by this model. The stable allogeneic chimeric mice maintained a substantial population of donor HSCs and Tregs, which indicated that the donor allogeneic HSCs successfully repopulated the recipient blood system, and the regenerated donor Tregs played essential roles in establishing immune tolerance in the allogeneic recipients. In addition, rat blood cells were detected in this model after xenotransplantation of rat whole bone marrow (BM) or Lin− BM cells. This mouse model holds promise for regenerating xenogeneic blood cells, including human haematopoietic cells.
Cell spheroids culture array with modifiable chemical gradients
Authors: Yang Panhui , Wu Lei , Zhang Guoyuan , Ge Yuqing , Liu Ting , Mao Hongju , Zhao Jianlong
Published: May 2023

Cancer cell spheroids have been shown to mimic in vivo tumour microenvironment and are therefore suitable for in vitro drug screening. Microfluidic technology can provide conveniences for spheroid assays such as high‐throughput, simplifying manual operation and saving reagent. Here, we propose a concentration gradient generator based on microfluidic technology for cell spheroid culture and assay. The chip consists of upper microchannels and lower microwells. After partitioning HepG2 suspension into the microwells with concave and non‐adhesive bottoms, spheroids can spontaneously form. By controlling the fluid replacement and flow in microchannels, the doxorubicin solution is diluted automatically into a series of concentration gradients, which spanning more than one order of magnitude. And then the effect of doxorubicin on spheroids is measured in situ by fluorescent staining. This chip provides a very promising approach to achieve the high‐throughput and standardized anti‐cancer drug screening in future.
An aggregation of human embryonic and trophoblast stem cells reveals the role of trophectoderm on epiblast differentiation
Authors: Wu Xulun , Zhao Wentao , Wu Hao , Zhang Qiancheng , Wang Yiming , Yu Kunyuan , Zhai Jinglei , Mo Fan , Wang Meijiao , Li Shiwen , Zhu Xili , Liang Xiaoyan , Hu Baoyang , Liu Guang‐Hui , Wu Jun , Wang Hongmei , Guo Fan , Yu Leqian
Published: May 2023

The interactions between extra‐embryonic tissues and embryonic tissues are crucial to ensure proper early embryo development. However, the understanding of the crosstalk between the embryonic tissues and extra‐embryonic tissues is lacking, mainly due to ethical restrictions, difficulties in obtaining natural human embryos, and lack of appropriate in vitro models. Here by aggregating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), we revealed the hESCs robustly self‐organized into a unique asymmetric structure which the primitive streak (PS) like cells exclusively distributed at the distal end to the TS‐compartment, and morphologically flattened cells, presumed to be the extra‐embryonic mesoderm cells (EXMC) like cells, were induced at the proximal end to hTSCs. Our study revealed two potential roles of extra‐embryonic trophectoderm in regulating the proper PS formation during gastrulation and EXMCs induction from the human epiblast.
Dominant attitudes and values toward wildlife and the environment in coastal Alabama
Authors: Weber Hertel Sarah , Stupavsky Jana , Alford Kristine , Hicks Hannah R. , Heaton Andrew , Katlein Nathan , Hastings Brandon T. , Stern Adam , Jett Stephanie , Wang Andrew Y. , Wang Bin , Glaberman Scott , Chiari Ylenia
Published: May 2023

Surveys assessing attitudes and values about the environment can help predict human behavior toward wildlife and develop effective conservation goals alongside local communities. Coastal Alabama, in the southeastern United States, is a hotspot for biodiversity and endemism and needs protection. Land and wildlife management practices in Alabama have moved from indigenous‐led, which is more in harmony with the environment, to larger‐scale exploitative uses for agriculture and plantations. We therefore predicted that a large proportion of the population has a dominant view of the environment in which land and wildlife are primarily for human benefit. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed over 1300 residents in Mobile and Baldwin counties—the two southernmost counties in Alabama—to assess attitudes toward local vertebrate wildlife, knowledge of the region's biodiversity, and whether individuals value protected areas where they live and/or work. As hunting is generally considered a dominant behavior, we used self‐identified hunters versus non‐hunters to examine the relationship between humans and the environment. Overall, hunters would kill or kill to eat more often than non‐hunters, and would kill even when it is not for food. Furthermore, regardless of hunting status, most participants in our survey would kill a snake, indicating that targeted environmental education is needed for this group. Both hunters and non‐hunters, independently of demographic differences including education and income levels, were not familiar with the especially rich biodiversity of the area and would not be willing to invest money to protect it. Our results indicate that targeted education about the unique and rich biodiversity of southern Alabama compared to the rest of the United States is needed to support successful environmental management, conservation actions, and local participation.
Comparative efficacy of treatments for molluscum contagiosum: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chao Yuan‐Chen , Ko Mei‐Ju , Tsai Wan‐Chuan , Hsu Le‐Yin , Wu Hon‐Yen
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives

Various interventions have been applied to treat molluscum contagiosum, but benefits and efficacy remain unclear. To assess the comparative efficacy and safety of interventions for molluscum contagiosum, a network meta‐analysis was performed.

Patients and methods

Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published between January 1, 1990, and November 31, 2020. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of interventions in immunocompetent children and adults with genital/non‐genital molluscum contagiosum lesions.

Results

Twelve interventions from 25 RCTs including 2,123 participants were assessed. Compared with the placebo, ingenol mebutate had the most significant effect on complete clearance (odds ratio [OR] 117.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.37–2164.88), followed by cryotherapy (OR 16.81, 95% CI 4.13–68.54), podophyllotoxin (OR 10.24, 95% CI 3.36–31.21), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) (OR 10.02, 95% CI 4.64–21.64). Data on adverse effects were too scarce for quantitative synthesis.

Conclusions

Ingenol mebutate, cryotherapy, podophyllotoxin, and KOH were more effective than the other interventions in achieving complete clearance, but safety concerns regarding ingenol mebutate have recently been reported. Due to the possibility of spontaneous resolution, observation is also justified for asymptomatic infection. Factors including adverse effects, cost, patient preference, and medical accessibility should be considered.
Experimental study on thermal fatigue damage and failure mechanisms of basalt exposed to high‐temperature treatments
Authors: Niu Yong , Wang Gang , Wang Jinguo , Liu Xiqi , Zhang Ranran , Qiao Jiaxing , Zhang Jianzhi
Published: May 2023

Understanding the effects of thermal fatigue damage on the failure mechanisms of rocks is a key concern in underground engineering. The effects of high temperature on the physical–mechanical behaviors and the failure mechanism of basalt under uniaxial compression are investigated with a combination of acoustic emission (AE), computed tomography (CT), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The high temperature heavily affects the physical–mechanical properties of basalt but has no effect on the mineral compositions. The evolution characteristics of inter‐event time function F(τ) and cumulative AE energy can be employed to characterize the fracture process of thermally damaged basalt. The damage mechanisms of thermal fatigue are attributed to the occurrence of intergranular cracks, intragranular cracks, and transgranular cracks and irregular holes within basalt. The failure mechanisms of basalt change from shear fracture to mixed tensile–shear fracture and finally to tensile fracture based on the statistical characteristics of low and high dominant frequencies.
Incentives, audits and procurement: Evidence from a district‐level field experiment in Ghana
Authors: Denny Elaine K. , Phan Ngoc , Romero Diego , Wibbels Erik
Published: May 2023

There is growing affinity for audits as a tool to promote political accountability and reduce corruption. Nevertheless, knowledge about the mechanisms through which audits work remains limited. While most work on audits shows that they can work via citizen sanctions of bad performers, we emphasize that audit effects can also run through prospective incentives, that is, the desire to avoid poor audit results in the first place. We distinguish audits' impact on prospective incentives and sanctions using a field experiment in Ghana; districts were randomized into audit treatment conditions targeting district procurement and oversight of development projects. We assess the effect of audits on political officials using survey experimental data and show that officials respond powerfully to prospective incentives. In districts treated with top‐down audits, in‐party favoritism falls from 60 percent at baseline to 20 percent at midline, and rates remain at 19 percent at endline. This suggests that the audit's main effect occurred before the audit results were made public, and that prospective mechanisms play an important role in audit efficacy.
Neutrophils extracellular traps and ferroptosis in diabetic wounds
Authors: Huang Yumeng , Ding Youjun , Wang Beizhi , Ji Qian , Peng Chen , Tan Qian
Published: May 2023

Wound healing is an extremely complex process involving multiple levels of cells and tissues. It is mainly completed through four stages: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. When any one of these stages is impaired, it may lead to delayed healing or even transformation into chronic refractory wounds. Diabetes is a kind of common metabolic disease that affects approximately 500 million people worldwide, 25% of whom develop skin ulcers that break down repeatedly and are difficult to heal, making it a growing public health problem. Neutrophils extracellular traps and ferroptosis are new types of programmed cell death identified in recent years and have been found to interact with diabetic wounds. In this paper, the normal wound healing and interfering factors of the diabetic refractory wound were outlined. The mechanism of two kinds of programmed cell death was also described, and the interaction mechanism between different types of programmed cell death and diabetic refractory wounds was discussed.
Analysis of etiological factors of nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer
Authors: Leandro Tânia Alteniza , da Silva Viviane Martins , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , de Souza Nayana Maria Gomes , Lourenço Penaforte Kiarelle , Gueiros Emanuela Aparecida Teixeira , Nascimento de Oliveira Marisa
Published: May 2023

Aim

To analyse the etiological factors of the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer.

Design

This cross‐sectional study was carried out in the referral unit for the treatment of childhood cancer in a tertiary hospital located in northeastern Brazil.

Methods

A total of 200 children and adolescents who were undergoing cancer treatment were included in this study. Data collection instruments and protocols were constructed with operational and conceptual definitions of clinical indicators and etiological factors for the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort. A latent class model with adjusted random effects was used to determine impaired comfort and measures of sensitivity and specificity of clinical indicators. A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed for each etiological factor of impaired comfort.

Results

The analysis of etiological factors for the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer showed the high prevalence of four factors: noxious environmental stimuli, insufficient situational control, insufficient resources and insufficient environmental control. Illness‐related symptoms, noxious environmental stimuli, and insufficient environmental control increased the chance of impaired comfort occurring.

Conclusion

The etiological factors with the highest prevalence and most significant impact on the occurrence of impaired comfort were noxious environmental stimuli, insufficient situational control and illness‐related symptoms.

Impact

The results obtained in this investigation can support more accurate nursing diagnostic inference of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer. Moreover, the results can inform direct interventions for the modifiable factors that trigger this phenomenon to avoid or minimize the signs and symptoms of the nursing diagnosis.
‘How is our job affecting us?’ Neonatal Intensive Care Unit healthcare providers and their pregnancy: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Dussi Gaia , Bembich Stefano , Crevatin Roberta , Buchini Sara , Schreiber Silvana , Bicego Livia , Cassone Andrea , Dobrina Raffaella
Published: May 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to understand the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) healthcare providers' (HCPs) experiences and needs during their own past, present and desired pregnancies. It has been reported that HCPs' personal and professional lives are mutually interconnected. Given the NICU HCPs' knowledge of the risks and potential adverse outcomes of newborns admitted to the NICU, their pregnancy experience may be more challenging than that of the general population. However, to date, these aspects are still little studied.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study design was adopted.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted between January and April 2021 in a single third‐level NICU in northeastern Italy. Transcripts were analysed using inductive content analysis. Findings are reported according to the COREQ guidelines.

Results

Nineteen HCPs participated in this study. Participants included 12 nurses, 6 medical doctors, and 1 paediatric physical therapist. All participants reported that their professional knowledge and experience influenced their pregnancy‐related experiences, emotions and behaviours. Some participants employed adaptive coping strategies, while others were likely to experience post‐traumatic stress reactions. The narratives of the men and women were similar. Three themes were identified: ‘Feeling different’; ‘Influence of work experience on decision‐making’; ‘Coping with difficulties’.

Conclusion

To reduce the potential impact of NICU HCPs' work experience on pregnancy, family functioning and infant health, management of parental emotions should be considered for this population.

Impact

Hospital managers could prevent the potential distress of vulnerable NICU healthcare workers during pregnancy by tailoring interventions aimed at supporting them in becoming aware and making sense of their work experiences or sensitizing individual psychological support. Moreover, university students should be offered self‐help strategies to face potential dual role conflicts in their future careers.

Patient and Public Involvement

No patient or public contribution.
Mobile collaborative learning with social network awareness
Authors: Lin Jian‐Wei , Huang Hsieh‐Hong , Tsai Chia‐Wen
Published: May 2023

Background

Social network awareness (SNA) enables students to know the online learning context of peers in computer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL) and it has been used to improve peer interaction and participation in collaborative learning tasks. Mobile learning enables students to access learning content and discuss content with peers regardless of location or time. Because almost every college student has their own mobile device and social networks are ubiquitous in their daily lives, a mobile learning application with social networking is promising for promoting effective learning if students are willing to continually use the application. However, few studies have investigated this.

Objectives

In this study, SNA was integrated into a mobile‐based assessment (MBA–SNA). The study investigated whether students were willing to persist in the use of MBA–SNA and the factors influencing this intention.

Methods

A 1‐month experiment was conducted to investigate the research question on the basis of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT).

Results

The results demonstrated that (1) students were willing to continue using the MBA–SNA, (2) the incentives influencing behavioural intention (BI) in initial use and continual use differed, and (3) social influence (SI) and perceived playfulness (PP) were the two key determinants of continual use.

Implications

The SNA increases the positive impact of SI and PP on MBA continual use so that continual use can be assured. Future research should integrate SNA into other mobile learning apps (e.g., mobile collaborative writing or discussion apps) to enhance continued system use and learning effectiveness.
How policy problems and solutions travel in the scientific literature: An international scientometric analysis of the French Model of opioid use disorder care
Authors: Kankanam Gamage Kasunka , Chiu Kellia , Ryk Justin , Grundy Quinn , Sud Abhimanyu
Published: May 2023

Rationale

The 2007 article ‘Why buprenorphine is so successful in treating opiate addiction in France’ has been widely cited to promote various solutions to growing opioid‐related harms across multiple jurisdictions globally. However, selective promotion of aspects of the French experience or promotion of the French experience without considering relevant contextual factors may inform policies that will not bring the same outcomes as in France, including the introduction of possible unintended negative consequences. The scientific literature is one important arena in which policy solutions are identified, evaluated, promoted and disseminated. Scientific communication of the French opioid use disorder care model offers a timely and relevant example through which to examine how problem representations travel and to consider the effects of these representations.

Aims and Objectives

We aimed to explore where, when, and how the content of this 2007 index article has travelled through the scientific literature.

Method

Informed by Bacchi's understanding of problem representation, we conducted a scientometric analysis of the index article. This included categorical analyses using a combination of citation metadata and content data to identify patterns across locations and time.

Results

Researchers in the United States and Anglophone countries affirmatively cited specific index study content, namely less stringent regulations and positive outcomes, such as reductions in overdose deaths and increases in buprenorphine utilization. These citations were more common after 2015 and were more likely to be in discussion sections of nonempirical publications. Researchers from France cited similar content but did so nonaffirmatively, and throughout the study period. Likewise, the French citations were mostly agenda‐setting citations in the introductory sections of empirical studies. US studies received the highest attention based on number of citations and Altmetric scores.

Conclusion

US studies, by focusing on less stringent buprenorphine regulation as the primary solution of concern, have constructed opioid‐related harms as a problem of restrictive regulations for buprenorphine. This selective focus on regulation, as opposed to other aspects of the French Model elucidated in the index article such as changes pertaining to the values and financing that structure health service delivery, represents an important missed opportunity for evidence‐informed policy learning across jurisdictions.
Heavy metals transfer in soil‐vegetable continuum and health risk assessment via consumption in the urban sprawl of Delhi, India
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Prasad Shiv , Shrivastava Manoj , Bhatia Arti , Islam Sadikul , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Kharia Sushil Kumar , Yadav Sunita
Published: May 2023

Human health is the biggest issue with consumption of contaminated vegetables and water. This study aimed to quantify heavy metals in soil, irrigation water, and vegetables in five urban and peri‐urban area of Delhi. Under this study, vegetable crops, i.e. spinach, tomato, carrot, potato, onion and mustard were selected and soil, water and vegetable samples were analyzed for five toxic heavy metals, i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb. Result showed that in irrigation water samples, Cd crossed the WHO/FAO permissible limit at Mehrauli and Najafgarh, while in all vegetable samples Cd content was detected more than permissible limit except for spinach. At all the sites, transfer factor and hazard risk index were observed higher in spinach and okra. The target hazard quotient were higher in spinach (1.184) and correlated with higher As content. Findings revealed that contaminated vegetables consumption needs to be continuously monitored to avoid adverse health impacts.
Additively manufactured CAD‐CAM complete dentures with intraoral scanning and cast digitization: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Al‐Kaff Fatma T. , Al Hamad Khaled Q.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To assess, clinically, patient satisfaction of additively manufactured complete dentures with intraoral scanning and hybrid cast digitization in comparison with conventional complete dentures.

Materials and Methods

Participants who were edentulous in both arches were recruited and received three types of complete dentures (CDs): conventionally manufactured with conventional impression (CC), additively manufactured with intraoral scanning (AMI), and additively manufactured with cast digitization (AMH). Definitive impressions of the edentulous arches were made with medium viscosity polyvinyl siloxane (Hydrorise Monophase; Zhermack, Italy) for the CC group, intraoral scanning (TRIOS 4; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) for the AMI group, and laboratory scanning of the definitive casts (Ceramill Map400 AMANNGIRRBACH, Pforzheim, Deutschland) for the AMH group. The trial dentures of the CC group were scanned for occlusion registrations of the AMI and AMH groups and were used to guide the designing process (Exocad 3.0 Galway; Exocad GmbH). The AMI and AMH dentures were additively manufactured with a vat‐polymerization 3D printer (Sonic XL 4K; phrozen, Taiwan). Patient satisfaction and clinical outcome were assessed with OHIP EDENT, and 14‐factor criteria, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed with paired sample t‐test and one‐way repeated measure ANOVA for satisfaction, Wilcoxon signed rank test for clinical outcome, and Pearson's r (r) for effect size, with α = 0.05.

Results

A total of 20 participants were included. Satisfaction had no statistically significant difference within or among the groups (p < 0.105). Within‐group comparison between the two arches showed no statistical significance for the clinical outcome except for a significantly higher maxillary AMI score (p = 0.01, r = −0.40 with medium effect size). For among group's comparison; AMI had a significantly lower score than CC for the maxillary and mandibular arches (p = 0.01, r = −0.40, medium effect size, and p = 0.003, r = −0.47, medium effect size), and significantly lower score than the mandibular AMH (p = 0.03, r = −0.47, medium effect size), with significantly lower quality in teeth arrangement and retention domains for the AMI, and teeth arrangement for the AMH, in comparison with CC.

Conclusions

Patient satisfaction with both types of additively manufactured dentures is comparable to conventional dentures. The comparable overall clinical outcomes between hybrid and conventional dentures indicate that additive manufacturing is an acceptable clinical substitute for the conventional methods. However, additively manufactured dentures made with intraoral scanning have lower clinical quality and retention than hybrid and conventional dentures, particularly for the mandibular arch. Teeth arrangement of both additively manufactured dentures is clinically inferior to the conventional denture.
Functions of the Black Church in a Global Society: A Du Boisian Approach
Authors: Scott Marquisha Lawrence
Published: May 2023

Globalization's impact on local communities is a topic that religious congregations should address as a means of moral and socioeconomic well‐being. This is especially important for the Black Church if it hopes to continue supporting the socioeconomic outcomes of its congregants and community members, as it has in the past. Using Du Boisian assessments of the functions of the Black Church, this study assessed how today's congregations can serve similar functions as the congregations that Du Bois studied, while exploring contemporary concerns. With an explanatory sequential research design, this study surveyed Philadelphia‐based congregations (N = 108) to assess their understanding of and engagement with the impact of globalization on future generations, paired with subsequent interviews (N = 15) for deeper analysis. The survey included clergy members and youth leaders of various races and religious traditions. With an eye toward equity and considering Philadelphia's diverse demographics, the in‐depth semistructured interviews centered on Black churches in Philadelphia. The core findings highlight that clergy members in Philadelphia recognize the importance of prioritizing global issues as a means of social betterment and that a special lens toward race should be considered when looking to solve socioeconomic global issues.
Discussion notes on “classical‐Keynesians”
Authors: Parrinello Sergio
Published: May 2023

This article aims at stimulating a discussion on “the nine building blocks presented by Pasinetti to define the main methodological characteristic features of the classical‐Keynesian school” and chosen as the guidelines of a recent collective volume. The discussion notes are tripartite. Part I presents a list of short annotations at the margin of the nine blocks for possible debate. Part II starts the discussion by focusing on “an appropriate analytical framework for dealing with technical change and economic growth” and, in particular, on the theoretical approach in terms of vertically integrated sectors. Part III deals briefly with the blocks on normal states, causality and macroeconomics versus microeconomics.
The Biomechanical Influence of Defected Cartilage on the Progression of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Three‐dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ruan Yaokuan , Du Yanhui , Jiang Zhende , Qian Zhihui , Chang Fei
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are common injuries in the general population. Abnormal mechanical conditions applied to defected cartilage are believed to be the culprits to deteriorating OLTs. This study aims to investigate the biomechanical effects of defect size of talar cartilage on OLTs during ankle movements.

Methods

A finite element model of the ankle joint was created based on the computed tomography images of a healthy male volunteer. Different defect sizes (S = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.0 cm2) of talar cartilage were modeled to simulate the progression of OLTs. Mechanical moments were applied to the model to generate different ankle movements, including dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion. The effects of varying defect sizes on peak stress and its location were evaluated.

Results

The maximum stress on the talar cartilage increased as the area of the defect enlarged. Additionally, as the defect size of OLTs increased, the areas with peak stress on talar cartilage tended to move closer to where the injury was located. High stresses were present in the medial and lateral areas of the talus at the neutral position of the ankle joint. The concentrated stresses were mainly located in the anterior and posterior defect areas. The peak stress in the medial region was higher than on the lateral side. The order of peak stress from highest to lowest was dorsiflexion, internal rotation, inversion, external rotation, plantar flexion, and eversion.

Conclusions

Osteochondral defect size and ankle joint movements significantly modulate the biomechanical features of the articular cartilage in osteochondral lesions of the talus. The progression of osteochondral lesions in a talus deteriorates the biomechanical well‐being of the bone tissues of the talus.
A service evaluation of the impact of parental information provision on analgesia administration at home posttonsillectomy
Authors: Nicholls Anna , Gupta Eksha , Bew Stephanie , Bliss Alison
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy are together the most common pediatric surgical procedure and are increasingly performed as day cases. Postoperative pain is commonly severe for 1–2 weeks, but parental analgesia concerns lead to poor analgesia prescription compliance and under administration. This service evaluation assessed parental compliance with analgesia, elicited parental concerns, and obtained parental suggestions for improving the current written advice.

Methods

Telephone questionnaires were completed on postoperative Days 3/4 and 7 with 42 parents of pediatric (adeno)‐tonsillectomy patients over a 6‐month period, peri‐pandemic. The questionnaire collected categorical data on: analgesia prescribed and administered, the child's symptoms, and healthcare resource use. Qualitative data on barriers to analgesia administration and suggestions for written advice improvement were grouped thematically.

Results

Sore throats were reported by 93.3% parents between discharge and Day 3/4 but only 43.3% parents had 100% compliance with regular paracetamol and ibuprofen in the same time period. Parents frequently avoided morphine administration, expressing concerns about side effects, addiction, and previous experience. Parents were also concerned about using ibuprofen, discrepancies between weight‐based and bottle instruction doses, and the length of the analgesia course. Parents would like further written information and reassurance on these topics as well as guidance on tapering or stopping analgesics and whether to wake their child at night.

Conclusion

The breadth of unmet information needs identified in this service evaluation, alongside parental suggestions, will be used to improve the current written advice with the aim to improve the postoperative pain experience at home. These include information on length of analgesic course, safety of ibuprofen and paracetamol coadministration for analgesia, and details about morphine administration, including safety, side effects, and indication.
Paramicrosphaeropsis eriobotryae sp. nov., a new agent of loquat canker in Iran
Authors: Tavakolian Behnaz , Mostowfizadeh‐Ghalamfarsa Reza , Crous Pedro W.
Published: May 2023

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a subtropical evergreen plant, important in terms of both horticulture and green space in the urban environment. In recent years, symptoms of branch and trunk canker, dieback and decline have been observed in the main cultivation areas of this tree in Iran. To study the aetiology of loquat canker in Fars Province, branches and trunks of loquat trees with disease symptoms were sampled from 2018 to 2019. Several isolates of an unknown Paramicrosphaeropsis species (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) were recovered from the trunks and branches of infected loquat trees. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates based on a multigene phylogeny of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial β‐tubulin gene (tub2) and the second‐largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) loci revealed that the isolates belonged to a new taxon, Paramicrosphaeropsis eriobotryae sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests revealed that this species was able to cause canker, trunk flaking, dieback, decline, leaf yellowing, defoliation and growth reduction in loquat trees. A host range evaluation on detached branches of some important horticultural trees occurring adjacent to loquat tree orchards of Fars Province showed that P. eriobotryae might have a broader host range, as it was also able to infect almond and olive trees.
Openness relates to COVID‐19 vaccination rates across 48 United States but politics trump personality
Authors: Webster Gregory D. , Howell Jennifer L. , Losee Joy E. , Mahar Elizabeth A. , Wongsomboon Val
Published: May 2023

Does geographic variation in personality across the United States relate to COVID‐19 vaccination rates? To answer this question, we combined multiple state‐level datasets: (a) Big Five personality averages (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness; Rentfrow et al., 2008), (b) COVID‐19 full‐vaccination rates (CDC, 2021a), (c) health‐relevant demographic covariates (population density, per capita gross domestic product, and racial/ethnic data; Webster et al., 2021), and (d) political and religiosity data. Analyses showed openness as the strongest correlate of full‐vaccination rates (r = 0.51). Controlling for other traits, demographic covariates, and spatial dependence, openness remained significantly related to full‐vaccination rates (rp = 0.55). Adding political and religiosity data to this model diminished openness effects for full‐vaccination rates to non‐significance (rp = 0.26); however, extraversion emerged as a significant correlate of full‐vaccination rates (rp = 0.37). Although politics are paramount, we suspect that states with higher average openness scores are more conducive to novel thinking and behavior—dispositions that may be crucial in motivating people to take newly‐developed vaccines based on new technologies to confront a novel coronavirus.