bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of hospitalization in clinically diagnosed peripheral artery disease: A community-based study
Authors: Arruda-Olson Adelaide M , Moussa Pacha Homam , Afzal Naveed , Abram Sara , Lewis Bradley R , Isseh Iyad , Haddad Raad , Scott Christopher G , Bailey Kent , Liu Hongfang , Rooke Thom W , Kullo Iftikhar J
Published: October 2017

The burden and predictors of hospitalization over time in community-based patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have not been established. This study evaluates the frequency, reasons and predictors of hospitalization over time in community-based patients with PAD. We assembled an inception cohort of 1798 PAD cases from Olmsted County, MN, USA (mean age 71.2 years, 44% female) from 1 January 1998 through 31 December 2011 who were followed until 2014. Two age- and sex-matched controls ( n = 3596) were identified for each case. ICD-9 codes were used to ascertain the primary reasons for hospitalization. Patients were censored at death or last follow-up. The most frequent reasons for hospitalization were non-cardiovascular: 68% of 8706 hospitalizations in cases and 78% of 8005 hospitalizations in controls. A total of 1533 (85%) cases and 2286 (64%) controls ( p < 0.001) were hospitalized at least once; 1262 (70%) cases and 1588 (44%) controls ( p < 0.001) ≥ two times. In adjusted models, age, prior hospitalization and comorbid conditions were independently associated with increased risk of recurrent hospitalizations in both groups. In cases, severe PAD (ankle–brachial index < 0.5) (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.36) and poorly compressible arteries (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.38) were each associated with increased risk for recurrent hospitalization. We demonstrate an increased rate of hospitalization in community-based patients with PAD and identify predictors of recurrent hospitalizations. These observations may inform strategies to reduce the burden of hospitalization of PAD patients.
They’re Not Mean Girls If They Are Adult Women: Reality Television’s Construction of Women’s Identity and Interpersonal Aggression
Authors: Downing Steven
Published: October 2017

Drawing on a first-hand account from co-author and participant in a recent season of a popular romance-based reality TV show, this study considers how such shows construct and reinforce stereotypes about women’s relational dynamics with men and other women. It is argued that through careful production and gender scripting, these typologies are situated within a hierarchy of women’s relational interaction that normalizes aggression and bullying among adult women, reframing the ‘mean girl’ from an undesirable role to one that is portrayed as a normal and empowering role for adult women, especially in service of the pursuit of a male partner. The implications of this transformation extend to other women who are portrayed as ‘the other’ and as a result often subordinately positioned in the relational hierarchy reflected on the show. Implications for future research on gender scripts in popular media, the social construction of women’s relational dynamics, and manifestations of covert and overt bullying in these dynamics are discussed.
Learning the price of poverty across the UK
Authors: Ivinson Gabrielle , Thompson Ian , Beckett Lori , Egan David , Leitch Ruth , McKinney Stephen
Published: October 2017

In 2016, the British Educational Research Association (BERA) Commission on Poverty and Policy Advocacy brought together several academics from across the four jurisdictions of the UK already engaged in work on poverty, education and schooling. The aim of this BERA Commission was to build a network of research-active practitioners across the UK and, internationally, to engage in knowledge building about poverty and multiple factors of deprivation as these find expression in education and schooling. The Commission also aimed to facilitate counter discourses to be voiced and articulated in contrast to the dominant pathologising discourses of poor people and their education. The Commission therefore addressed the question: what can research tell us about the ways that different devolved policy contexts impact on the learning and well-being of young people living in poverty? This article describes the methodology used by the Commission to bring together researchers, policymakers, practitioners and children and young people to learn about the price of poverty in education and to reflect on the implications for policy. In so doing, the article addresses some challenges, opportunities and outcomes in terms of knowledge production, as well as implications for critical scholarship, with a focus on poverty and education.
Early childhood education in neoliberal, religiously conservative times in Turkey
Authors: Aksoy Naciye , Eren Deniz Ebru
Published: October 2017

This article provides an analysis and discussion of the impacts of neoliberal, religiously conservative educational policies on early childhood education (ECE) in Turkey. After an introduction, the article is presented in four sections. The first section provides an overview of neoliberal, religiously conservative policies in the Turkish educational system since the 1980s. The second section presents a brief history of ECE. The third section reports on the impact of neoliberal, religiously conservative education policies on ECE, especially focusing on the last decade. The fourth section concludes with a discussion of the way in which ECE in Turkey is being approached as an economic and ideological education institution troubled by inequalities, rather than as one with a firm basis of equal rights in education.
Resurgent Mass Partisanship Revisited: The Role of Media Choice in Clarifying Elite Ideology
Authors: Darr Joshua P. , Dunaway Johanna L.
Published: October 2017

Elite polarization is at an all-time high. Has this division filtered down into the public, and is this trend being exacerbated by expanded media choice in the postbroadcast era? Using National Annenberg Election Surveys (NAES) data from recent election cycles, we analyze the influence of news choice on individual-level perceptions of the ideologies of parties and partisan elites. We examine whether cable news choice shapes respondents’ ability to correctly identify Democrats as the more liberal party, and Republicans as more conservative. Using cross-sectional and panel data, we find that partisan news consumers—particularly those watching Fox News—are better able to identify the positions and ideologies of partisan elites. Partisan news may help citizens participate more effectively by helping them identify the ideological orientation of the major parties and candidates.
Features of Simultaneous Scalp and Intracranial EEG That Predict Localization of Ictal Onset Zone
Authors: Abramovici Sergiu , Antony Arun , Baldwin Maria Elizabeth , Urban Alexandra , Ghearing Gena , Pan Julie , Sun Tao , Krafty Robert Todd , Richardson R. Mark , Bagic Anto
Published: October 2017

Objective. To assess the utility of simultaneous scalp EEG in patients with focal epilepsy undergoing intracranial EEG evaluation after a detailed presurgical testing, including an inpatient scalp video EEG evaluation. Methods. Patients who underwent simultaneous scalp and intracranial EEG (SSIEEG) monitoring were classified into group 1 or 2 depending on whether the seizure onset zone was delineated or not. Seizures were analyzed using the following 3 EEG features at the onset of seizures latency, location, and pattern. Results. The criteria showed at least one of the following features when comparing SSIEEG: prolonged latency, absence of anatomical congruence, lack of concordance of EEG pattern in 11.11% (1/9) of the patients in group 1 and 75 % (3/4) of the patients in group 2. These 3 features were not present in any of the 5 patients who had Engel class I outcome compared with 1 of the 2 patients (50%) who had seizure recurrence after resective surgery. The mean latency of seizure onset in scalp EEG compared with intracranial EEG of patients in group 1 was 17.48 seconds (SD = 16.07) compared with 4.33 seconds (SD = 11.24) in group 2 ( P = .03). None of the seizures recorded in patients in group 1 had a discordant EEG pattern in SSIEEG. Conclusion. Concordance in EEG features like latency, location, and EEG pattern, at the onset of seizures in SSIEEG is associated with a favorable outcome after epilepsy surgery in patients with intractable focal epilepsy. Significance. Simultaneous scalp EEG complements intracranial EEG evaluation even after a detailed inpatient scalp video EEG evaluation and could be part of standard intracranial EEG studies in patients with intractable focal epilepsy.
Randomized clinical trial: efficacy and safety of plecanatide in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation
Authors: DeMicco Michael , Barrow Laura , Hickey Bernadette , Shailubhai Kunwar , Griffin Patrick
Published: October 2017

Background:

Plecanatide, with the exception of a single amino acid replacement, is identical to human uroguanylin and is approved in the United States for adults with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). This double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study evaluated the efficacy and safety of plecanatide versus placebo in CIC.

Methods:

Adults meeting modified Rome III CIC criteria were randomized to plecanatide 3 mg ( n = 443), 6 mg ( n = 449), or placebo ( n = 445). Patients recorded bowel movement (BM) characteristics [including spontaneous BMs (SBMs) and complete SBMs (CSBMs)] and rated CIC symptoms in daily electronic diaries. The primary endpoint was the percentage of durable overall CSBM responders (weekly responders for ⩾9 of 12 treatment weeks, including ⩾3 of the last 4 weeks). Weekly responders had ⩾3 CSBMs/week and an increase of ⩾1 CSBM from baseline for the same week.

Results:

A significantly greater percentage of durable overall CSBM responders resulted with each plecanatide dose compared with placebo (3 mg = 20.1%; 6 mg = 20.0%; placebo = 12.8%; p = 0.004 each dose). Over the 12 weeks, plecanatide significantly improved stool consistency and stool frequency. Significant increases in mean weekly SBMs and CSBMs began in week 1 and were maintained through week 12 in plecanatide-treated patients. Adverse events were mostly mild/moderate, with diarrhea being the most common (3 mg = 3.2%; 6 mg = 4.5%; placebo = 1.3%).

Conclusions:

Plecanatide resulted in a significantly greater percentage of durable overall CSBM responders and improved stool frequency and secondary endpoints. Plecanatide was well tolerated; the most common AE, diarrhea, occurred in a small number of patients. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02122471]
Stuck in the middle: the impact of collaborative interprofessional communication on patient expectations
Authors: Stewart Michael Adrian
Published: October 2017

A central aim of modern day healthcare is to deliver a high quality, patient-centred service that addresses the expectations of its service users. However, mounting research evidence highlights a lack of patient satisfaction across a range of healthcare settings, with an overwhelming proportion of complaints relating to interprofessional communication. The link between interprofessional miscommunication and poor patient outcomes has been well documented. All too often, patients are left feeling stuck in the middle between opposing opinions, differing diagnoses and conflicting clinical outlooks. This article aims to highlight the issues surrounding interprofessional communication in healthcare, at the same time as addressing the potential facilitators and barriers for developing improved collaborative links between healthcare providers. Several key questions will be considered: (i) what are the underlying causes of interprofessional miscommunication; (ii) what do patients expect from healthcare professionals; and (iii) how might we reduce the risk of miscommunication and develop interprofessional collaboration?
Treatment of adult ADHD: a clinical perspective
Authors: Geffen Josh , Forster Kieran
Published: October 2017

Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has moved from the blurred edge of clinical focus to clear recognition as a prevalent and significant disorder in its own right. It is a relatively common comorbidity which if identified and treated may open the door to better outcomes for hard-to-treat patients. Conversely, failure to identify and treat adult ADHD is linked to negative outcomes. The recognition of the importance of adult ADHD in a subset of our patients challenges us to overcome our anxiety about this diagnosis and prevent the societal marginalization of vulnerable patients. Adult ADHD responds well to integrated pharmacological and psychotherapeutic intervention. Its treatment responsiveness reduces disability and allows the comorbidity which is typically present to be addressed. Mastering this challenge can make the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD a rewarding experience.
C1-2 Fixation Approach for Patients With Vascular Irregularities: A Case Report
Authors: Nazemi Alireza K. , Bickley Stetson R. , Behrend Caleb J. , Carmouche Jonathan J.
Published: October 2017

In posterior spinal fusion (PSF), the vertebral artery is most vulnerable to injury at C1-2. C2 pedicle screws are often placed into the dorsomedial isthmus of C2. Alternative techniques include C2 laminar screws and wiring techniques. A 67-year-old male underwent PSF for persistent severe intractable neck pain and degeneration at C1-2. The patient had an enlarged left vertebral artery with midline migration into the C2 body. This pattern was within one standard deviation of normal; however, it rendered typical placement of a C2 pedicle screw unsafe. As a salvage, a C2 laminar screw was placed on the left to avoid risk of vertebral artery injury. The operation and recovery were without complication. C2 laminar screws can be viable alternatives to C2 pedicle screws in cases of midline vertebral artery migration or other vascular anomalies preventing normal safe placement of C2 pedicle screws.
A Missed Opportunity in Bone Health: Vitamin D and Calcium Use in Elderly Femoral Neck Fracture Patients Following Arthroplasty
Authors: Sprague Sheila , Madden Kim , Slobogean Gerard , Petrisor Brad , Adachi Jonathan D. (Rick) , Bogoch Earl , Kleinlugtenbelt Ydo V. , Bhandari Mohit
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

Introduction: Adequate calcium and vitamin D from diet and supplementation is recommended for elderly hip fracture patients. Using data from the multinational hip fracture arthroplasty trial (HEALTH), we determined the proportion of patients who consistently took vitamin D and calcium and which characteristics/prescribing practices were associated with consistency of supplement use.

Methods:

HEALTH is a multicenter randomized trial of elderly hip fracture patients treated with hemi-arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Patients were categorized as consistent users, inconsistent users, or nonusers of calcium and vitamin D. We used multinomial regression to determine the characteristics associated with calcium and vitamin D use.

Results:

603 HEALTH participants were included in the analysis. 34.7% of patients never took vitamin D within 12 months after surgery, 26.2% took vitamin D inconsistently, and 39.1% took vitamin D consistently. 36.0% of patients never took calcium within 12 months after surgery, 28.4% took calcium inconsistently, and 35.7% took calcium consistently. There was great variation in prescribed/recommended doses. Compared to nonusers, consistent users of the supplements were more likely to be female, North American, prescribed/recommended vitamin D and/or calcium postoperatively, and presented to a facility with comprehensive fragility fracture protocols.

Conclusions:

A low proportion of elderly hip fracture patients are consistently taking vitamin D and calcium, which may contribute to poorer bone health. Surgeons should be educated to prescribe/ recommend vitamin D and calcium, institutions should develop comprehensive fragility fracture protocols and patient education strategies to ensure that patients with osteoporosis receive bone health management beyond fracture care.
Verfehlungen: Hans Blumenberg and the United States
Authors: Fleming Paul
Published: October 2017

This article explores the fate of Hans Blumenberg's work to date in the English-speaking world and asks whether this “missed encounter” is simply contingent—that is, might have been otherwise—or if there is something about his thought, method, and materials that makes his transfer from a German to an American or Anglophone context particularly difficult. Looking at Paradigms for a Metaphorology and The Legitimacy of the Modern Age, the article examines the timing and framing of translation, as well as the unique difficulties that Blumenberg's work poses for the modern theory reader.
The Kittler Effect
Authors: Winthrop-Young Geoffrey
Published: October 2017

This article traces the North American reception of “German media theory,” especially the work of Friedrich Kittler (1943–2011). The construction of Kittler's work abroad is marked by truncations and targeted appropriations related as much to the breaks and discontinuities in his own writings as to particular dynamics in North American academe and beyond. It passes through several stages, extends into the domain of social media, and influences the subsequent—and ongoing—engagement with the German variants of media archaeology and the cultural techniques approach, both of which are indebted to Kittler.
Temperature stepped raising during formation of solid epitaxial films of superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-x to increase current carrying capacity of VTSP second generation bands
Authors: Куликов Иван , Kulikov Ivan , Крылова Татьяна , Krylova Tatyana , Черных Мария , Chernykh Maria , Черных Игорь , Chernykh Igor , Занавескин Максим , Zanaveskin Maksim
Published: October 2017

A method for the high density conservation of critical current in VTSP second generation films is offered which is based on the temperature stepped raising during the formation of solid epitaxial VTSP films. This method allows inhibiting a growth of a-directed crystals at the formation of a superconducting layer up to 2 mkm thick.
Experimental research of vibration-wave processing of different material sample package at heterogeneous orientation (alignment) in package
Authors: Бабичев Анатолий , Babichev Anatoly , Мотренко Петр , Motrenko Petr , Лисицкий Леонид , Lisitsky Leonid , Ширин Андрей , Shirin Andrey , Ерина Татьяна , Yerina Tatyana , Семиниченко Кристина , Seminichenko Kristina
Published: October 2017

The vibration-wave processing peculiarities of heterogeneous sample package with different physico-mechanical proper-ties are considered. The experiment results of heterogeneous sample packages are shown.
The Pipeline From Abstract Presentation to Publication in Pediatric Hospital Medicine
Authors: Herrmann Lisa E. , Hall Matthew , Kyler Kathryn , Cochran Joseph , Andrews Annie L. , Williams Derek J. , Wilson Karen M. , Shah Samir S. ,   for the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The annual Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) conference serves as a venue for the dissemination of research in this rapidly growing discipline. A measure of research validity is subsequent publication in peer‐reviewed journals.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the publication rate of abstracts submitted to the 2014 PHM conference and determine whether presentation format was associated with subsequent journal publication or time to publication.

METHODS

We identified abstracts submitted to the 2014 PHM conference. Presentation formats included rejected abstracts and poster and oral presentations. Abstracts subsequently published in journals were identified by searching the author and abstract title in PubMed, MedEdPORTAL, and Google Scholar. We used logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to determine if presentation format was associated with publication, time to publication, and publishing journal impact factor.

RESULTS

Of 226 submitted abstracts, 19.0% were rejected, 68.0% were selected for posters, and 12.8% were selected for oral presentations; 36.3% were subsequently published within 30 months after the conference. Abstracts accepted for oral presentation had more than 7‐fold greater odds of publication (adjusted odds ratio 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6‐23.5) and a 4‐fold greater likelihood of publication at each month (adjusted hazard ratio 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1‐9.7) compared with rejected abstracts. Median journal impact factor was significantly higher for oral presentations than other presentation formats (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

Abstract reviewers may be able to identify methodologically sound studies for presentation; however, the low overall publication rate may indicate that presented results are preliminary or signify a need for increased mentorship and resources for research development in PHM.
The consultant practitioner: an evolving role to meet changing NHS needs
Authors: Rosser Elizabeth , Grey Rachael , Neal Deborah , Reeve Julie , Smith Caroline , Valentine Janine , Brookman Kate
Published: October 2017

Since the introduction of the consultant practitioner role, with its huge variability in purpose and context, it has had to evolve in response to the changing needs of the NHS to achieve sustainability and transformation of services. Aim: This article reflects on the relevance of the consultant practitioner role and the impact of an action learning set in hastening its evolution in one NHS foundation trust. Method: From a process of collective critical reflection on their practice, six consultant practitioners analysed the impact they have had on influencing services and empowerment of their patients. Additionally, they have analysed the impact of an externally facilitated action learning set as a catalyst for change. Results: All six consultant practitioners recognised that working together through the learning set enabled them to be more influential and effective. It encouraged them to share their experiences of continuous service improvement and crystalised their views on the impact they have had in delivering the organisation's vision. Conclusion: From their critical reflection, the six consultant practitioners acknowledged the influence of the action learning set on accelerating their confidence and competence to lead, and evaluating new models of care delivery at scale and pace. They recognised how far they have travelled in achieving the four dimensions of the role and ultimately their impact on their local sustainability and transformation plan (STP) and their trust's vision.
Development of a Continuous Leaf Monitoring System to Predict Plant Water Status
Authors: Dhillon Rajveer S. , Upadhaya Shrini K. , Rojo Francisco , Roach Jed , Coates Robert W. , Delwiche Michael J.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. There is increased demand for irrigation scheduling tools that support effective use of the limited supply of irrigation water. An efficient precision irrigation system requires water to be delivered based on crop needs by measuring or estimating plant water stress. Leaf temperature is a good indicator of water stress. In this study, a system was developed to monitor leaf temperature and microclimatic environmental variables to predict plant water stress. This system, called the leaf monitor, monitored plant water status by continuously measuring leaf temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, ambient light, and wind conditions in the vicinity of a shaded leaf. The system also included a leaf holder, a solar radiation diffuser dome, and a wind barrier for improved performance of the unit. Controlled wind speed and consistent light conditions were created around the leaf to reduce the effect of nuisance variables on leaf temperature. The leaf monitor was incorporated into a mesh network of wireless nodes for sensor data collection and remote valve control. The system was evaluated for remote data collection in commercial orchards. Experiments were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in walnut () and almond () orchards. The system was found to be reliable and capable of providing real-time visualization of the data remotely, with minimal technical problems. Leaf monitor data were used to develop modified crop water stress index (MCWSI) values for quantifying plant water stress levels. Keywords: Almonds, CWSI, Infrared sensor, Irrigation scheduling, Leaf temperature, Nut crops, Plant water stress, Precision irrigation, Stem water potential, Walnuts, Wireless mesh network.
Characterizing Wheat Response to Water Limitation Using Multispectral and Thermal Imaging
Authors: Bai Geng , Blecha Sarah , Ge Yufeng , Walia Harkamal , Phansak Piyaporn
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Effective screening of plant genotypes for their tolerance to abiotic stress is a vital step for crop improvement. Various sensing technologies can be used for developing automated plant phenotyping systems as well as for better control of stress levels imposed on the plants. In this study, seven different wheat genotypes (G1 through G7) were grown under two different water regimes in a greenhouse. Soil moisture was monitored by soil water tension sensors distributed among the experimental plots. A sensor platform with two cameras (a multispectral camera and a thermal infrared camera) was developed to capture top-view images of the wheat plots (once a week) during the course of the experiment. Image processing algorithms were developed to extract wheat growth index (GI) and crop water stress index (CWSI). Ratios of GI and CWSI between the two water treatments were calculated as proxies to assess drought tolerance of the different genotypes. The results showed that GI was correlated with NDVI measured by a GreenSeeker sensor (R2 = 0.65). Among the seven wheat genotypes studied, G5, G6, and G7 exhibited consistently higher GI ratios and lower CWSI ratios, an indication of their superiority in drought tolerance. It was also found that non-uniform environmental conditions in the greenhouse had quite a large influence on wheat growth, which made the characterization and differentiation of phenotypes among various genotypes more challenging. It is concluded that the multispectral and thermal infrared imaging system has potential for phenotypic screening of wheat genotypes for drought tolerance in a semi-controlled environment. Keywords: CWSI, Drought, Image processing, Multispectral imaging, Phenotyping, Thermal infrared imaging.
Modeling Energy Balance and Airflow Characteristics in a Naturally Ventilated High Tunnel
Authors: Zheng Muzi , Leib Brian G. , Butler David M. , Wright Wesley , Ayers Paul , Hayes Douglas
Published: October 2017

Abstract.

High tunnels (HTs) are used worldwide for greater crop sustainability and profitability, but producers are finding it difficult to control the trapped heat inside HTs. Clearly, proper ventilation management is crucial for obtaining marketable yield and quality, but the ability to predict HT ventilation based solely on external climate parameters is limited. This project analyzes daytime ventilation rates in a Gothic-type HT located in eastern Tennessee. A numerical energy balance model was developed to calculate air flux, and the estimated values of air flux were compared with measured values from sonic and hot-wire anemometers. Uniquely, this study takes into account the sensible and latent heat exchanges between inside and outside conditions, the radiative and convective transfer mechanisms, and the effects of external wind conditions on the incoming air flux. Moreover, relationships between the external weather conditions and internal microclimate were developed so that air flux, inside temperature, and door opening level could be predicted with the energy balance model using only external weather data. The energy balance model revealed that the HT plastic surface reflected nearly 20% of the solar radiation, that 1% of the solar energy was stored in the air (considered negligible), and that 5% of the solar energy was stored in the soil, while the majority of available solar radiation, 74%, was removed through natural ventilation. There was good agreement between the predictive energy balance model and the direct air flux calculation for ventilation rate (R2 > 0.70). At the windward end of the HT, the airflow entering the door was mostly perpendicular to the plane of the door opening, which indicated that the fluctuation of outside wind direction had limited effect on the airflow patterns through the door. As a significant indicator of the energy balance model’s usefulness, the predicted inside air temperature was validated as similar to the measured values. Thus, the results showed strong evidence that the coupling of the energy balance model and air flux calculation based on external weather parameters can be a valuable method to predict inside microclimate conditions and can be used to estimate the door opening level. Keywords: Air flux, Energy balance, High tunnel, Natural ventilation.
Opportunities and Challenges for Treated Wastewater Reuse in the West Bank, Tunisia, and Qatar
Authors: Dare Anne E. , Mohtar Rabi H. , Jafvert Chad T. , Shomar Basem , Engel Bernard , Boukchina Rachid , Rabi Ayman
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Harsh environment, severe aridity, and climate change create chronic water shortages in the Middle East. Technical challenges, socio-economic factors, and competing uses of water have escalated the difficulties in water planning at national and institutional levels. This research identifies opportunities and challenges associated with wastewater treatment systems and the potential for wastewater reuse in the West Bank, Tunisia, and Qatar through the following objectives: (1) identify the factors associated with successful and unsuccessful reuse schemes, (2) compare treated wastewater quality with end use application of treated wastewater, and (3) identify the governance and social challenges preventing the use of treated wastewater, specifically in agricultural applications. Water quality analyses and consultations with farmers, local stakeholders, and water and agriculture experts were conducted. Opportunities and challenges for treated wastewater reuse in agriculture are identified as the proximity of the treatment facility to agricultural areas, water quality, and motivation of farmers. With proper maintenance and appropriate monitoring, the modest (natural) treatment facilities in the West Bank and secondary treatment technologies in Tunisia are capable of producing effluent safe for use in production of certain agricultural products; however, in Qatar, despite massive investments in producing high-quality treated wastewater using advanced treatment technologies, there is little demand. Water policies, laws and acts, and action plans are urgently needed to be coupled and integrated for implementation. Keywords: Arid lands, Food security, MENA, Wastewater treatment, Water reuse.
A Method for Reflectance Index Wavelength Selection from Moisture-Controlled Soil and Crop Residue Samples
Authors: Hamidisepehr Ali , Sama Michael P. , Turner Aaron P. , Wendroth Ole O.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Reflectance indices are a method for reducing the dimensionality of spectral measurements used to quantify material properties. Choosing the optimal wavelengths for developing an index based on a given material and property of interest is made difficult by the large number of wavelengths typically available to choose from and the lack of homogeneity when remotely sensing agricultural materials. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using a low-cost method for sensing the moisture content of background materials in traditional crop remote sensing. Moisture-controlled soil and wheat stalk residue samples were measured at varying heights using a reflectance probe connected to visible and near-infrared spectrometers. A program was written that used reflectance data to determine the optimal pair of narrowband wavelengths to calculate a normalized difference water index (NDWI). Wavelengths were selected to maximize the slope of the linear index function (i.e., sensitivity to moisture) and either maximize the coefficient of determination (R2) or minimize the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the index. Results showed that wavelengths centered near 1300 nm and 1500 nm, within the range of 400 to 1700 nm, produced the best index for individual samples. Probe height above samples and moisture content were examined for statistical significance using the selected wavelengths. The effect of moisture was significant for both bare soil and wheat stalks, but probe height was only significant for wheat stalk samples. The index, when applied to all samples, performed well for soil samples but poorly for wheat stalk samples. Index calculations from soil reflectance measurements were highly linear (R2 > 0.95) and exhibited small variability between samples at a given moisture content, regardless of probe height. Index calculations from wheat stalk reflectance measurements were highly variable, which limited the usefulness of the index for this material. Based on these results, it is expected that crop residues, such as wheat stalks, will reduce the accuracy of remotely sensed soil surface moisture measurements. Keywords: Near-infrared reflectance, Normalized difference water index, Remote sensing, Soil moisture, Spectroscopy.
Water Quality Effects of Switchgrass Intercropping on Pine Forest in Coastal North Carolina
Authors: Muwamba Augustine , Amatya Devendra M. , Chescheir George M. , Nettles Jami E. , Appelboom Timothy , Ssegane Herbert , Tollner Ernest E , Youssef Mohamed A. , Birgand Francois , Skaggs R. Wayne , Tian Shiying
Published: October 2017

Abstract.

Interplanting a cellulosic bioenergy crop (switchgrass, L.) between loblolly pine ( L.) rows could potentially provide a sustainable source of bio-feedstock without competing for land currently in food production. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the concentrations and loads of drainage water nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (phosphate) associated with establishment and growth of switchgrass treatments and compare them with those for a mid-rotation pine forest (control), and (2) quantify the treatment effects on drainage water N and phosphate (IC) and switchgrass only (SG). Thinned mid-rotation loblolly pine with natural understory (MP) was used as the control. Pretreatment calibration equations for nutrients were obtained using a paired watershed approach and bootstrap geometric regression with 2007-2008 data, when pine on all sites had reached canopy closure. Treatment effects were calculated as the difference between expected values from the pretreatment relationship and measured data for the treatment period. Precipitation, outflow, and N and phosphate concentrations in the outflow were measured during calibration (Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2008), site preparation for switchgrass establishment (Nov. 2009 to Mar. 2012), and switchgrass growth (Apr. 2012 to Apr. 2014). Mean NO3-N concentrations and loads were significantly (a = 0.05) greater for SG than for IC during the switchgrass growth period. Average treatment concentrations with standard errors and total load effects during switchgrass growth for NO3-N followed the trends SG (-0.002 ±0.01 mg L-1) > IC (-0.12 ±0.04 mg L-1) and SG (0.75kg ha-1) > IC (0.23kg ha-1), respectively. For phosphate average concentrations and loads, the treatment effects during switchgrass growth followed the trends SG (-0.004 ± mg L-1) >IC ( -0.02 ± mg L-1) and IC (-0.43 kg ha-1) > SG (-0.70 kg ha-1), respectively. Average concentration effects for NO3-N and phosphate and total load effects for phosphate significantly (a = 0.05) decreased for IC compared to the MP control. These results suggest that the intercropping treatment (IC) with loblolly pine and switchgrass improved water quality by reducing NO3-N and phosphate concentrations and phosphate loads. Keywords: Bioenergy crop, Bootstrap geometric regression, Loblolly pine, Nutrients, Paired watershed.
Reliability of Genotype-Specific Parameter Estimation for Crop Models: Insights from a Markov Chain Monte-Carlo Estimation Approach
Authors: Acharya Subodh , Correll Melanie , Jones James W. , Boote Kenneth J. , Alderman Phillip D. , Hu Zhengjun , Vallejos C. Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Abstract.

Parameter estimation is a critical step in successful application of dynamic crop models to simulate crop growth and yield under various climatic and management scenarios. Although inverse modeling parameterization techniques significantly improve the predictive capabilities of models, whether these approaches can recover the true parameter values of a specific genotype or cultivar is seldom investigated. In this study, we applied a Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) method to the DSSAT dry bean model to estimate (recover) the genotype-specific parameters (GSPs) of 150 synthetic recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of dry bean. The synthetic parents of the population were assigned contrasting GSP values obtained from a database, and each of these GSPs was associated with several quantitative trait loci. A standard inverse modeling approach that simultaneously estimated all GSPs generated a set of values that could reproduce the original synthetic observations, but many of the estimated GSP values significantly differed from the original values. However, when parameter estimation was carried out sequentially in a stepwise manner, according to the genetically controlled plant development process, most of the estimated parameters had values similar to the original values. Developmental parameters were more accurately estimated than those related to dry mass accumulation. This new approach appears to reduce the problem of equifinality in parameter estimation, and it is especially relevant if attempts are made to relate parameter values to individual genes. Keywords: Crop models, Equifinality, Genotype-specific parameters, Markov chain Monte-Carlo, Parameterization.
Economic Evaluation of Apple Harvest and In-Field Sorting Technology
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Pothula Anand Kumar , Lu Renfu
Published: October 2017

Abstract.

The U.S. apple industry, which generated more than $2.7 billion in revenue at the farm gate in 2013, is facing critical challenges with decreased availability of labor and increased labor and production costs. To address these challenges, a self-propelled apple harvest and in-field sorting machine is being developed in our laboratory. This article reports on the economic evaluation of this prototype machine by considering machine cost (annual ownership and operating costs), harvest productivity increase (including that due to decreased occupational injuries), and cost savings in postharvest storage and packing resulting from in-field sorting of fresh market quality apples from processing apples for both fresh apple growers and processing apple growers. The economic evaluation was conducted based on the assumptions that the machine increases harvest productivity by 43% to 63% and operates for 360 h during the harvest season. For fresh apple orchards with processing apple incidences of 5% to 15%, the net annual benefits that would accrue from owning one machine range from $13,500 to $78,400 when the machine price is between $100,000 and $160,000. For processing apple orchards with processing apple incidences of 80% to 90% and the same machine price range, the net annual benefits that would accrue from owning one machine range from $23,900 to $81,700. Overall, the benefits gained from in-field sorting outweigh those from the harvest productivity increase, and integration of the harvest-assist and in-field sorting functions is more beneficial to apple growers. This technology will help the U.S. apple industry improve labor productivity and reduce production costs, and thus it looks promising for commercialization. Keywords: Apples, Economic evaluation, Harvest-assist, In-field sorting, Machinery system, Occupational injuries.
Comparison of Field and Laboratory VNIR Spectroscopy for Profile Soil Property Estimation
Authors: Cho Yongjin , Sheridan Alexander H. , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Veum Kristen S.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In-field, in-situ data collection with soil sensors has potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of soil property estimates. Optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used to estimate important soil properties, such as soil carbon, nitrogen, water content, and texture. Most previous work has focused on laboratory-based visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy using dried soil. The objective of this research was to compare estimates of laboratory-measured soil properties from a laboratory DRS spectrometer and an in-situ profile DRS spectrometer. Soil cores were obtained to approximately 1 m depth from treatment blocks representing variability in topsoil depth located at the South Farm Research Center of the University of Missouri. Soil cores were split by horizon, and samples were scanned with the laboratory DRS spectrometer in both field-moist and oven-dried conditions. In-situ profile DRS spectrometer scans were obtained at the same sampling locations. Soil properties measured in the laboratory from the cores were bulk density, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), particulate organic matter carbon and nitrogen (POM-C and POM-N), water content, and texture fractions. The best estimates of TOC, TN, and bulk density were from the laboratory DRS spectra on dry soil (R2 = 0.94, 0.91, and 0.71, respectively). Estimation errors with the field DRS system were at most 25% higher for these soil properties. For POM-C and POM-N, the field system provided estimates of similar accuracy to the best (dry soil) laboratory measurements. Clay and silt texture fraction estimates were most accurate from laboratory DRS spectra on field-moist soil (R2 = 0.91 and 0.93, respectively). Estimation errors for clay and silt were almost doubled with the field DRS system. Considering the efficiency advantages, in-field, in-situ DRS appears to be a viable alternative to laboratory DRS for TOC, TN, POM-C, POM-N, and bulk density estimates, but perhaps not for soil texture estimates. Keywords: In-situ sensing, Precision agriculture, Reflectance spectra, Soil properties, Soil spectroscopy.
Crop Yield and Water Productivity Responses in Management Zones for Variable-Rate Irrigation Based on Available Soil Water Holding Capacity
Authors: Zhao Weixia , Li Jiusheng , Yang Rumiao , Li Yanfeng
Published: October 2017

Abstract.

Effective management of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) is a critical factor for maximizing the benefit of a VRI system. In this study, the influences of soil properties on winter wheat and summer maize were studied to verify whether differences in soil available water holding capacity (AWC) had an influence on crop growth parameters, yield, and water productivity (WP). A center-pivot VRI system was employed to deliver irrigation water across the field in an alluvial flood plain in China, and AWC was used to delineate VRI management zones. Three management zones with substantial differences in AWC were created, with AWC varying from 152 to 161 mm, from 161 to 171 mm, and from 171 to 185 mm for zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively. All zones were managed using the same allowed depletion. In the two-year study, the seasonal irrigation amount was basically equivalent among management zones for both winter wheat and summer maize. Differences in crop growth parameters were detected in plant height and leaf area index for winter wheat. The maximum plant height and leaf area index observed in zone 2 were 5 cm and 2.1 greater, respectively, than in the other zones. For both winter wheat and summer maize, the highest yield and WP were observed in zone 2, except for summer maize WP in the 2014 season. Compared with the average value for this field, the yields in zone 2 were 27% and 23% greater for winter wheat and 4% and 11% greater for summer maize in the 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively. We demonstrate that AWC is an effective parameter for zone identification in VRI management, and differences in AWC and the layered-textural soils in a field may influence the crop growth parameters, yield, and WP of winter wheat and summer maize. Keywords: Center-pivot irrigation, Critical soil moisture deficit, Management zone, Summer maize, Variable-rate irrigation, Winter wheat.
A County-Level Assessment of Manure Nutrient Availability Relative to Crop Nutrient Capacity in Iowa: Spatial and Temporal Trends
Authors: Andersen Daniel Steven , Pepple Laura M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. During the twentieth century, U.S. agriculture strived to achieve increased food production in order to satisfy both local and export demands. In many cases, this led to increased farm sizes and an operational separation of crop and livestock production. The trend of increasing centralization and industrialization of agriculture, specifically animal agriculture, has resulted in the concentration of waste products associated with animal production (manures and wash-down water) over relatively small geographic areas that are spatially segregated from crop production areas. Because the distance that manure can be economically hauled for land application has practical limits, the public is concerned that this spatial separation of crop and animal production areas could lead to over-application of manures near animal feeding facilities, and thus potentially increase the transport of nutrients to ground and surface waters. An aggregated analysis (statewide) of crop and animal production in Iowa suggests that about 30% to 40% of current nitrogen and phosphorus requirements for crop production could be supplied from manures and litters generated from livestock production, while about 50% of potassium requirements could be supplied. However, neither livestock nor crop production in Iowa is uniformly distributed across all counties. This unequal distribution suggests that a more disaggregated analysis of crop nutrient requirements and manure nutrient supply is necessary to estimate the risks of excess nutrient loss to the environment. Thus, we evaluated crop nutrient demand and manure and litter production at the county level to determine if excess manure generation is of concern and to locate areas where additional manures could be used. Results showed that several counties are becoming manure rich, but most locations maintain sufficient capacity to use manure nutrients effectively. Keywords: Crop nutrient capacity, Manure management, Manure production, Nutrient balance, Nutrient management.
PROCESSO DE TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO/ESTIMATIVA RÁPIDA EM SAÚDE E A FORMAÇÃO DO MÉDICO GENERALISTA
Authors: Musse Jamilly de Oliveira , Silva Carlos Alberto Lima da , Uzêda André Almeida , Santana Lucas Evangelista de , Porto Laila Selis Santos
Published: October 2017

As novas Diretrizes Curriculares do Curso de Medicina preconizam a formação generalista, fazendo com que o profissional seja capaz de lidar com indicadores epidemiológicos e as necessidades de saúde da população, além de desenvolver ações de promoção à saúde, trabalhando com uma equipe multiprofissional. Nesse sentido, a territorialização e a estimativa rápida em saúde são técnicas de aproximação do estudante com a comunidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a experiência vivenciada por estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS) no processo de territorialização e estimativa rápida em saúde, na área de abrangência de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF), no município de Feira de Santana-Ba. A partir do referido processo, obteve-se o mapa físico da área, com a sinalização de fatores de risco a saúde, fatores de proteção à saúde, áreas de lazer, além de espaços coletivos e comerciais. Na estimativa rápida, obteve-se um panorama das condições de vida da população, problemas sociais e de saúde, bem como sua relação com os serviços disponíveis e com a equipe de saúde da USF. Ambas as práticas permitem o desenvolvimento de condutas e intervenções mais efetivas pelos profissionais e pelos estudantes de medicina na busca da melhoria das condições de saúde da comunidade.