bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the contributions of global air temperature, synoptic-scale phenomena and soil moisture to near-surface static energy variability using artificial neural networks
Authors: Pryor Sara C. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Schoof Justin T.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The static energy content of the atmosphere is increasing on a global scale, but exhibits important subglobal and subregional scales of variability and is a useful parameter for integrating the net effect of changes in the partitioning of energy at the surface and for improving understanding of the causes of so-called warming holes (i.e., locations with decreasing daily maximum air temperatures (T) or increasing trends of lower magnitude than the global mean). Further, measures of the static energy content (herein the equivalent potential temperature, θe) are more strongly linked to excess human mortality and morbidity than air temperature alone, and have great relevance in understanding causes of past heat-related excess mortality and making projections of possible future events that are likely to be associated with negative human health and economic consequences. New nonlinear statistical models for summertime daily maximum and minimum θe are developed and used to advance understanding of drivers of historical change and variability over the eastern USA. The predictor variables are an index of the daily global mean temperature, daily indices of the synoptic-scale meteorology derived from T and specific humidity (Q) at 850 and 500 hPa geopotential heights (Z), and spatiotemporally averaged soil moisture (SM). SM is particularly important in determining the magnitude of θe over regions that have previously been identified as exhibiting warming holes, confirming the key importance of SM in dictating the partitioning of net radiation into sensible and latent heat and dictating trends in near-surface T and θe. Consistent with our a priori expectations, models built using artificial neural networks (ANNs) out-perform linear models that do not permit interaction of the predictor variables (global T, synoptic-scale meteorological conditions and SM). This is particularly marked in regions with high variability in minimum and maximum θe, where more complex models built using ANN with multiple hidden layers are better able to capture the day-to-day variability in θe and the occurrence of extreme maximum θe. Over the entire domain, the ANN with three hidden layers exhibits high accuracy in predicting maximum θe > 347 K. The median hit rate for maximum θe > 347 K is  > 0.60, while the median false alarm rate is  ≈ 0.08.
Online molecular characterisation of organic aerosols in an atmospheric chamber using extractive electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Gallimore Peter J. , Giorio Chiara , Mahon Brendan M. , Kalberer Markus
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a substantial source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. In this study, we present online measurements of the molecular constituents formed in the gas and aerosol phases during α-pinene oxidation in the Cambridge Atmospheric Simulation Chamber (CASC). We focus on characterising the performance of extractive electrospray ionisation (EESI) mass spectrometry (MS) for particle analysis. A number of new aspects of EESI-MS performance are considered here. We show that relative quantification of organic analytes can be achieved in mixed organic–inorganic particles. A comprehensive assignment of mass spectra for α-pinene derived SOA in both positive and negative ion modes is obtained using an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometer. We compare these online spectra to conventional offline ESI-MS spectra and find good agreement in terms of the compounds identified, without the need for complex sample work-up procedures. Under our experimental conditions, EESI-MS signals arise only from particle-phase analytes. High-time-resolution (7 min) EESI-MS spectra are compared with simulations from the near-explicit Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) for a range of reaction conditions. We show that MS peak abundances scale with modelled concentrations for condensable products (pinonic acid, pinic acid, OH-pinonic acid). Relative quantification is achieved throughout SOA formation as the composition, size and mass (5–2400 µg m−3) of particles is evolving. This work provides a robust demonstration of the advantages of EESI-MS for chamber studies over offline ESI-MS (time resolution, relative quantification) and over hard online techniques (molecular information).
Open and partially closed models of the solar wind interaction with outer planet magnetospheres: the case of Saturn
Authors: Belenkaya Elena S. , Cowley Stanley W. H. , Alexeev Igor I. , Kalegaev Vladimir V. , Pensionerov Ivan A. , Blokhina Marina S. , Parunakian David A.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A wide variety of interactions take place between the magnetized solar wind plasma outflow from the Sun and celestial bodies within the solar system. Magnetized planets form magnetospheres in the solar wind, with the planetary field creating an obstacle in the flow. The reconnection efficiency of the solar-wind-magnetized planet interaction depends on the conditions in the magnetized plasma flow passing the planet. When the reconnection efficiency is very low, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) does not penetrate the magnetosphere, a condition that has been widely discussed in the recent literature for the case of Saturn. In the present paper, we study this issue for Saturn using Cassini magnetometer data, images of Saturn's ultraviolet aurora obtained by the HST, and the paraboloid model of Saturn's magnetospheric magnetic field. Two models are considered: first, an open model in which the IMF penetrates the magnetosphere, and second, a partially closed model in which field lines from the ionosphere go to the distant tail and interact with the solar wind at its end. We conclude that the open model is preferable, which is more obvious for southward IMF. For northward IMF, the model calculations do not allow us to reach definite conclusions. However, analysis of the observations available in the literature provides evidence in favor of the open model in this case too. The difference in magnetospheric structure for these two IMF orientations is due to the fact that the reconnection topology and location depend on the relative orientation of the IMF vector and the planetary dipole magnetic moment. When these vectors are parallel, two-dimensional reconnection occurs at the low-latitude neutral line. When they are antiparallel, three-dimensional reconnection takes place in the cusp regions. Different magnetospheric topologies determine different mapping of the open-closed boundary in the ionosphere, which can be considered as a proxy for the poleward edge of the auroral oval.
Extreme isotopologue disequilibrium in molecular SIMS species during SHRIMP geochronology
Authors: Magee Jr. Charles W. , Danišík Martin , Mernagh Terry
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The current limitation in the accuracy and precision of inter-element analysis in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is the ability to find measurable quantities that allow relative differences in ionization and transmission efficiency of secondary ions to be normalized. In uranium–thorium–lead geochronology, the ability to make these corrections, or "calibrate" the data, results in an accuracy limit of approximately 1 %. This study looks at the ionization of uranium and thorium oxide species, which are traditionally used in U–Pb calibration, to explore the conditions under which isotopologues, or molecular species whose composition differs only in the isotopic composition of one or more atoms in the molecule, remain in or deviate from equilibrium. Isotopologue deficits of up to 0.2 (200 ‰) below ideal mixing are observed in UO2+ species during SIMS gechronological analyses using the SHRIMP IIe SIMS instrument. These are identified by bombarding natural U-bearing minerals with an 18O2− primary beam. The large anomalies are associated with repeat analyses down a single SIMS sputtering crater (Compston et al., 1984), analysis of high-uranium, radiation-damaged zircon, and analysis of baddeleyite. Analysis of zircon under routine conditions yield UO2+ isotopologue anomalies generally within a few percent of equilibrium. The conditions under which the isotopologue anomalies are observed are also conditions in which the UOx-based corrections, or calibration, for relative U vs. Pb ionization efficiencies fail. The existence of these isotopologue anomalies suggest that failure of the various UOx species to equilibrate with each other is the reason that none of them will successfully correct the U  / Pb ratio. No simple isotopologue-based correction is apparent. However, isotopologue disequilibrium appears to be a more sensitive tool for detecting high-U calibration breakdowns than Raman spectroscopy, which showed sharper peaks for  ∼  37 Ma high-uranium zircons than for reference zircons OG1 and Temora. U–Th–Sm / He ages were determined for aliquots of reference zircons OG1 (755±71 Ma) and Temora (323±43 Ma), suggesting that the broader Raman lines for the Temora reference zircons may be due to something other than accumulated radiation damage. Isotopologue abundances for UO+ and ThO+ and their energy spectra are consistent with most or all molecular species being the product of atomic recombination when the primary beam impact energy is greater than 5.7 keV. This, in addition to the large UO2+ instrumentally generated isotopologue disequilibria, suggests that any attempts to use SIMS to detect naturally occurring isotopologue deviations could be tricky.
DCMIP2016: a review of non-hydrostatic dynamical core design and intercomparison of participating models
Authors: Ullrich Paul A. , Jablonowski Christiane , Kent James , Lauritzen Peter H. , Nair Ramachandran , Reed Kevin A. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Hall David M. , Dazlich Don , Heikes Ross , Konor Celal , Randall David , Dubos Thomas , Meurdesoif Yann , Chen Xi , Harris Lucas , Kühnlein Christian , Lee Vivian , Qaddouri Abdessamad , Girard Claude , Giorgetta Marco , Reinert Daniel , Klemp Joseph , Park Sang-Hun , Skamarock William , Miura Hiroaki , Ohno Tomoki , Yoshida Ryuji , Walko Robert , Reinecke Alex , Viner Kevin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric dynamical cores are a fundamental component of global atmospheric modeling systems and are responsible for capturing the dynamical behavior of the Earth's atmosphere via numerical integration of the Navier–Stokes equations. These systems have existed in one form or another for over half of a century, with the earliest discretizations having now evolved into a complex ecosystem of algorithms and computational strategies. In essence, no two dynamical cores are alike, and their individual successes suggest that no perfect model exists. To better understand modern dynamical cores, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of 11 non-hydrostatic dynamical cores, drawn from modeling centers and groups that participated in the 2016 Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP) workshop and summer school. This review includes a choice of model grid, variable placement, vertical coordinate, prognostic equations, temporal discretization, and the diffusion, stabilization, filters, and fixers employed by each system.
Damage assessment in Braunsbach 2016: data collection and analysis for an improved understanding of damaging processes during flash floods
Authors: Laudan Jonas , Rözer Viktor , Sieg Tobias , Vogel Kristin , Thieken Annegret H.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Flash floods are caused by intense rainfall events and represent an insufficiently understood phenomenon in Germany. As a result of higher precipitation intensities, flash floods might occur more frequently in future. In combination with changing land use patterns and urbanisation, damage mitigation, insurance and risk management in flash-flood-prone regions are becoming increasingly important. However, a better understanding of damage caused by flash floods requires ex post collection of relevant but yet sparsely available information for research. At the end of May 2016, very high and concentrated rainfall intensities led to severe flash floods in several southern German municipalities. The small town of Braunsbach stood as a prime example of the devastating potential of such events. Eight to ten days after the flash flood event, damage assessment and data collection were conducted in Braunsbach by investigating all affected buildings and their surroundings. To record and store the data on site, the open-source software bundle KoBoCollect was used as an efficient and easy way to gather information. Since the damage driving factors of flash floods are expected to differ from those of riverine flooding, a post-hoc data analysis was performed, aiming to identify the influence of flood processes and building attributes on damage grades, which reflect the extent of structural damage. Data analyses include the application of random forest, a random general linear model and multinomial logistic regression as well as the construction of a local impact map to reveal influences on the damage grades. Further, a Spearman's Rho correlation matrix was calculated. The results reveal that the damage driving factors of flash floods differ from those of riverine floods to a certain extent. The exposition of a building in flow direction shows an especially strong correlation with the damage grade and has a high predictive power within the constructed damage models. Additionally, the results suggest that building materials as well as various building aspects, such as the existence of a shop window and the surroundings, might have an effect on the resulting damage. To verify and confirm the outcomes as well as to support future mitigation strategies, risk management and planning, more comprehensive and systematic data collection is necessary.
Extreme Wildfire occurrence in response to Global Change type
Droughts in the Northern Mediterranean
Authors: Ruffault Julien , Curt Thomas , Martin St-Paul Nicolas K. , Moron Vincent , Trigo Ricardo M.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Increasing drought conditions under global warming are expected to alter the frequency and distribution of large, high intensity wildfires. Yet, little is known regarding how it will affect fire weather and translate into wildfire behaviour. Here, we analysed the climatology of extreme wildfires that occurred during the exceptionally dry summers of 2003 and 2016 in Mediterranean France. We identified two distinct shifts in fire climatology towards fire weather spaces that had not been explored before, and which result from specific interactions between the types of drought and the types of fire. In 2016, a long-lasting press drought intensified wind-driven fires. In 2003, a hot drought combining a heatwave with a press drought intensified heat-driven fires. Our findings highlight that increasing drought conditions projected by climate change scenarios might affect the dryness of fuel compartments and create several new generations of wildfire overwhelming fire suppression capacities.
Optimal heavy tail estimation – Part 1: Order selection
Authors: Mudelsee Manfred , Bermejo Miguel A.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The tail probability, P, of the distribution of a variable is important for risk analysis of extremes. Many variables in complex geophysical systems show heavy tails, where P decreases with the value, x, of a variable as a power law with a characteristic exponent, α. Accurate estimation of α on the basis of data is currently hindered by the problem of the selection of the order, that is, the number of largest x values to utilize for the estimation. This paper presents a new, widely applicable, data-adaptive order selector, which is based on computer simulations and brute force search. It is the first in a set of papers on optimal heavy tail estimation. The new selector outperforms competitors in a Monte Carlo experiment, where simulated data are generated from stable distributions and AR(1) serial dependence. We calculate error bars for the estimated α by means of simulations. We illustrate the method on an artificial time series. We apply it to an observed, hydrological time series from the River Elbe and find an estimated characteristic exponent of 1.48 ± 0.13. This result indicates finite mean but infinite variance of the statistical distribution of river runoff.
O Espelho e os Narcisos - A imagem do público entre os jornalistas goianos
Authors: Umbelino José Eduardo Mendonça , Signates Freitas Luis Antônio
Published: December 2017

Uma vez que a comunicação midiática potencializa a indefinição do interlocutor e distancia os contextos daqueles que produzem e dos que consomem as informações, parte-se da premissa de que o jornalista precisa construir a imagem de quem o lê. Desse modo, foram entrevistados jornalistas dos dois principais jornais goianienses, com o intuito de aferir como eles tratam, definem e analisam seu público-leitor, e averiguar se existiria uma imagem de leitor compartilhada por todos, que independesse da empresa, das funções e da história pessoal de cada um dos entrevistados. A pesquisa demonstrou como é imprescindível analisar aquilo que os jornalistas pensam, e aquilo em que acreditam, para melhor compreender as bases do comportamento midiático na sociedade atual.
Inovações tecnológicas e hibridismos no álbum-aplicativo Biophilia, de Björk
Authors: Trasferetti Rodrigo , Santos Roberto Elísio dos
Published: December 2017

Nos estudos da comunicação, a transição midiática ocorrida na indústria fonográfica nos últimos anos passou por grandes alterações nos formatos de suportes e nos nichos de negócios, por meio da evolução da tecnologia com o avanço da era digital. Diante desse fator, este trabalho analisou o primeiro álbum-aplicativo desenvolvido no mundo, o app Biophilia (2011), da artista islandesa Björk, que marca essa transição. A pesquisa realizada, qualitativa e de nível exploratório, usou a técnica da análise documental. O resultado evidencia os modos de parcerias entre profissionais que produzem inovação e atuam como visionários da cultura pop, fomentando um novo cenário na história da indústria cultural, além de relacionar o álbum-aplicativo como um produto hipermidiático ligado às novas mídias e à cibercultura.
Startups e o consumo de comunicação: possibilidades por variáveis de influência em redes sociais digitais
Authors: Barreto Laís Karla da Silva , Veiga Neto Alípio Ramos , De Vasconcelos Francisca Simonely , Costa Raquel Priscyla da Silva
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as variáveis de influência das redes sociais digitais no consumo de comunicação promovido pelas startups. O referencial teórico baseou-se no estudo das relações entre redes sociais digitais e comunicação, e análise conceitual e crítica das startups. A investigação se deu por estudo de casos múltiplos, no qual para obter as informações necessárias foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas em ambiente virtual, com oito startups. Verificou-se que para identificar as variáveis se fez necessário a criação de três categorias, e destas originaram-se as seguintes variáveis: comunicação, relacionamento, divulgação, velocidade, clientes (internautas ou usuários), interatividade, abrangência, custo, diagnóstico, conteúdo, publicações e monitoramento. As respostas vindas das startups, contribuíram para entendimento sobre redes sociais digitais, startups e comunicação através das variáveis criadas por essa triangulação.
A prática da mística e a construção de uma memória histórica no MST
Authors: Coelho Fabiano
Published: December 2017

O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) se tornou uma referência significativa nos processos de lutas pela terra no Brasil, desde que fora organizado na década de 1980. Internamente, o Movimento sistematizou uma sólida estrutura organizacional com características particulares. No interior de sua organização existe uma prática denominada “mística” e que é visualizada por seus militantes como a “alma” do MST. Neste sentido, o trabalho reflete sobre a mística no MST, em especial, como essa prática é significativa para o Movimento investir na construção de sua memória histórica.
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for the Sustainable Autonomous Energy Generation through Renewable Sources. Studying Zakynthos Island in Greece
Authors: Vardopoulos Ioannis
Published: December 2017

Nowadays, energy demand is considered a notable world problem. The purpose of this study is to define, document and finally select an option of only one renewable energy source system, as to which is considered the most suitable solution from an environmental, social and economic point of view, for the energy independence of Zakynthos Island in Greece. This study examines the following alternatives; Biofuels Production Station, Geothermal Power Station, Hydroelectric Power Station, Solar Power Station and Wind Power Station. In order to determine the optimal renewable energy source, a multi-criteria decision-making approach is followed. The three pillars of sustainability, namely, the environment, the economy and the society, were used as the primary criteria in the context of the under determination goal. A significant number of environmental, economic and social sub-criteria were also developed and were subject to weight evaluation using both pairwise comparison and evaluation through structured interviews. Results, with regard to the delimitations set for the scope of the current study, indicate that solar energy source system is the optimal sustainable alternative.
Preparing for Critical Conversations
Authors: Preis Deirdra ,   Society for Ethics Across the Curriculum
Published: December 2017

Though public schools are charged with promoting democratic values, they rarely explicitly teach students how to analyze issues from ethical perspectives. Lack of teacher training, competition for time and overestimation of students’ abilities to independently discern the ethical considerations of complex situations may explain its absence from many social sciences curricula. While the ability to consider actions from an ethical lens is critical to the democratic process, class discussions about controversial issues can unravel quickly when self-serving or emotional dynamics dominate an activity. To plan for a more constructive outcome, teachers must first instruct students in the use of universal ethical criteria as the basis for healthy and productive argumentation and provide ongoing opportunities for practicing ethical argumentation. This article describes how such a framework was successfully introduced into a high school health course to encourage deeper and more respectful group analysis of complex issues from various ethical viewpoints.
Duplicate Type and Screen Testing: Waste in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Compton Margaret L. , Szklarski Penny C. , Booth Garrett S.
Published: December 2017

Context.—

In the United States, approximately $65 billion dollars is spent per year on clinical laboratory testing, of which 20% to 30% of all testing is deemed inappropriate. There have been multiple studies in the field of transfusion medicine regarding evidence-based transfusion practices, but limited data exist regarding inappropriate pretransfusion testing and its financial and clinical implications.

Objective.—

To assess duplicative testing practices in the transfusion medicine service.

Design.—

A 24-month retrospective review was performed at a 1025-bed tertiary care center, identifying all duplicate type and screen (TS) tests performed within 72 hours of the previous TS. Duplicative testing was classified as appropriate or inappropriate by predetermined criteria. The level of underordering was analyzed through a query of the electronic event reporting system. A cost analysis was performed to determine the financial impact of inappropriate duplicative TS.

Results.—

The mean rate of inappropriate, duplicative TS orders was 4.13% (standard deviation ± 4.09%). Rates of inappropriate ordering ranged from 0.01% to 15.5% depending on the clinical service and did not correlate with volume of tests ordered. There were 8 reported cases of delayed blood delivery due to lack of a valid TS during the study period, demonstrating that underordering is also a harmful practice. The laboratory cost of inappropriate testing for the study period was $80,434, and phlebotomy costs were $45,469.

Conclusions.—

Our study demonstrates that inappropriate TS ordering is costly, both financially and clinically. By evaluating the percentage of inappropriate TS tests by clinical services, we have identified services that may benefit from additional education and technologic intervention.
The Recent Pathology Residency Graduate Job Search Experience: A Synthesis of 5 Years of College of American Pathologists Job Market Surveys
Authors: Gratzinger Dita , Johnson Kristen A. , Brissette Mark D. , Cohen David , Rojiani Amyn M. , Conran Richard M. , Hoffman Robert D. , Post Miriam D. , McCloskey Cindy B. , Roberts Cory A. , Domen Ronald E. , Talbert Michael L. , Powell Suzanne Z.
Published: December 2017

Context.—

Pathology residents and fellows tailor their training and job search strategies to an actively evolving specialty in the setting of scientific and technical advances and simultaneous changes in health care economics.

Objective.—

To assess the experience and outcome of the job search process of pathologists searching for their first non-fellowship position.

Design.—

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) Graduate Medical Education Committee has during the past 5 years sent an annual job search survey each June to CAP junior members and fellows in practice 3 years or less who have actively searched for a non-fellowship position.

Results.—

Job market indicators including job interviews, job offers, positions accepted, and job satisfaction have remained stable during the 5 years of the survey. Most survey respondents who had applied for at least 1 position had accepted a position at the time of the survey, and most applicants who had accepted a position were satisfied or very satisfied. However, most attested that finding a non-fellowship position was difficult. Despite a perceived push toward subspecialization in surgical pathology, the reported number of fellowships completed was stable. Respondent demographics were not associated with job search success with 1 significant exception: international medical school graduate respondents reported greater perceived difficulty in finding a position, and indeed, fewer reported having accepted a position.

Conclusions.—

Pathology residents and fellows seeking their first position have faced a relatively stable job market during the last 5 years, with most accepting positions with which they were satisfied.
Traditional Music and the Work-Concept: TheKayagŭm Sanjoof Hwang Byungki
Authors: Killick Andrew
Published: December 2017

In most of the world, through most of history, music has been conceived as a set of practices and techniques, expressive or religious behaviours, and adaptable repertoire resources, or as an integral part of some larger phenomenon such as theatre or healing. Over the last two hundred years, however, music has increasingly been reconceived as consisting of autonomous musical works. This has surely been one of the most important developments in musical history worldwide; yet it has been relatively little studied.
Gender biases and linguistic sexism in political communication: A comparison of press news about men and women Italian ministers
Authors: Sensales Gilda , Areni Alessandra
Published: December 2017

This research on press communication uses a synchronic perspective concerning eighteen ministers, balanced by gender, in the Renzi government (in 2014), as well as a diachronic perspective concerning women ministers from five governments (from 2006-2014). The governments in 2014 and of 2013 were predominantly center-left, with the participation of center and center-right parties, whereas the previous governments had technical-professional rather than political ministers (in 2011), center-right (in 2008), and center-left (in 2006) ministers. In the synchronic analysis we explored the different ways in which the ministers are named, the relative presence of sexist/non-sexist, agentive/non-agentive, and abstract/concrete language in which they were presented. The first analysis comprised 332 headlines and the second comprised 1,356 headlines; we conducted a numerical and lexicographical analysis on the headlines. The results showed: more coverage for men than for women; gender biases in naming ministers involving a greater number of citations of women with both first and last name, whereas there were a greater number of citations of men with their first name only; the prevalence of sexist language that uses the generic masculine rather than the specific feminine (that is, the grammatical feminization of a typically masculine form) in representing women; an increment of the specific feminine in representing women in the last three governments over the previous two; no gender differences in the use of “I” and “We” as markers of agency; more quotations of direct discourse for women than for men; language slightly more abstract than concrete, for both men and women; more positive adjectives for women, and more negative adjectives for men. The results are discussed in relation to the international literature and to the Italian cultural-political context.
Prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder signs in children 5 to 14 years in São Carlos
Authors: Della Barba Patricia Carla de Souza , Luiz Erika Marques , Pinheiro Raquel Cristina , Lourenço Gerusa Ferreira
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in children aged 5-14 years, enrolled in public preschools and elementary schools in São Carlos - SP. There were 130 participating families. Instruments were: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire – Brazil (DCDQ - Brazil), Brazil criteria and a questionnaire for the characterization of children. The prevalence of DCD found was 30%, which is overestimated when compared to data found in much of the literature, justified by the use of the instrument for detection of the DCD. No significant difference was found between the presence of signs in boys and girls and there was a higher concentration of children with DCD signs on B2, C1 and C2 socioeconomic classes. The prevalence of DCD signs was higher in children over 8 years.
Morfofunctional parameters in judo's fight
Authors: Campos Ítalo Sérgio Lopes , Campos Yan Sobral , Ardila Hector Andrés Páez , Saraiva Alam Dos Reis , Gouveia Jr. Amauri
Published: December 2017

Considering the complexity of judo and the ample energy and neuromuscular demands, a whole process of competitive preparation must be directed to different physical capacities allowing the athlete to perform his combat actions with the best suitability possible. Mapping the  behaviour of a judo athlete from observations of behaviour units  in a real fighting situation would be a way of trying to identify the best topography or the best "aptitude" to achieve victory. The present investigation analysed the judo from the interactions of a real competition situation, aiming to verify, between winners and losers, possible differences or correlations between anthropometric parameters, motor performance and functional behaviours in a competitive situation. The results showed that: a) the experience is decisive between winning or losing; b) leg techniques are the most used between winners and losers, and losers use them more frequently; c) there are different strategies between fights; d) The energy cost in judo depends on the configuration of the fights. It is believed that such results can help coaches and athletes in guiding and rationalizing the training process in relation to performance determinants in judo.
« Les oreilles se sont ouvertes des deux côtés » : développement territorial et relations entre Innus et non-Innus au chantier Romaine
Authors: Guimond Laurie , Desmeules Alexia
Published: December 2017

Cet article porte sur les relations entre les Innus et les non-Innus dans le contexte du chantier hydroélectrique de la Romaine localisé sur la Côte-Nord au Québec. Il s’intéresse au rapport dialectique entre le développement territorial et les relations interculturelles. Situé à la fois au coeur duNitassinan, territoire ancestral des Innus, et de la municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) de la Minganie, ce chantier s’inscrit dans une réalité territoriale et culturelle multiethnique façonnant la gouvernance régionale et nordique. À partir d’une démarche qualitative basée sur des entrevues approfondies menées auprès d’acteurs régionaux et de travailleurs innus et non-innus, cette recherche exploratoire démontre que le chantier de la Romaine ne s’est pas avéré, jusqu’à présent, un espace de rencontre particulièrement fécond. Si des rapprochements entre les décideurs autochtones et allochtones ont pu être observés, les liens interculturels entre les travailleurs du chantier, pour leur part, restent encore ténus. Nonobstant, nos résultats suggèrent que ces relations interethniques institutionnelles et quotidiennes sont des ingrédients incontournables du développement territorial nordique.
Extended low-resolution structure of a Leptospira antigen offers high bactericidal antibody accessibility amenable to vaccine design
Authors: Hsieh Ching-Lin , Ptak Christopher P , Tseng Andrew , Suguiura Igor Massahiro de Souza , McDonough Sean P , Sritrakul Tepyuda , Li Ting , Lin Yi-Pin , Gillilan Richard E , Oswald Robert E , Chang Yung-Fu
Published: December 2017

Pathogens rely on proteins embedded on their surface to perform tasks essential for host infection. These obligatory structures exposed to the host immune system provide important targets for rational vaccine design. Here, we use a systematically designed series of multi-domain constructs in combination with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to determine the structure of the main immunoreactive region from a major antigen from Leptospira interrogans, LigB. An anti-LigB monoclonal antibody library exhibits cell binding and bactericidal activity with extensive domain coverage complementing the elongated architecture observed in the SAXS structure. Combining antigenic motifs in a single-domain chimeric immunoglobulin-like fold generated a vaccine that greatly enhances leptospiral protection over vaccination with single parent domains. Our study demonstrates how understanding an antigen’s structure and antibody accessible surfaces can guide the design and engineering of improved recombinant antigen-based vaccines.
Structural basis of proton translocation and force generation in mitochondrial ATP synthase
Authors: Klusch Niklas , Murphy Bonnie J , Mills Deryck J , Yildiz Özkan , Kühlbrandt Werner
Published: December 2017

ATP synthases produce ATP by rotary catalysis, powered by the electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane. Understanding this fundamental process requires an atomic model of the proton pathway. We determined the structure of an intact mitochondrial ATP synthase dimer by electron cryo-microscopy at near-atomic resolution. Charged and polar residues of the a-subunit stator define two aqueous channels, each spanning one half of the membrane. Passing through a conserved membrane-intrinsic helix hairpin, the lumenal channel protonates an acidic glutamate in the c-ring rotor. Upon ring rotation, the protonated glutamate encounters the matrix channel and deprotonates. An arginine between the two channels prevents proton leakage. The steep potential gradient over the sub-nm inter-channel distance exerts a force on the deprotonated glutamate, resulting in net directional rotation.
A Cdk1 phosphomimic mutant of MCAK impairs microtubule end recognition
Authors: Belsham Hannah R. , Friel Claire T.
Published: December 2017

The microtubule depolymerising kinesin-13, MCAK, is phosphorylated at residue T537 by Cdk1. This is the only known phosphorylation site within MCAK’s motor domain. To understand the impact of phosphorylation by Cdk1 on microtubule depolymerisation activity, we have investigated the molecular mechanism of the phosphomimic mutant T537E. This mutant significantly impairs microtubule depolymerisation activity and when transfected into cells causes metaphase arrest and misaligned chromosomes. We show that the molecular mechanism underlying the reduced depolymerisation activity of this phosphomimic mutant is an inability to recognise the microtubule end. The microtubule-end residence time is reduced relative to wild-type MCAK, whereas the lattice residence time is unchanged by the phosphomimic mutation. Further, the microtubule-end specific stimulation of ADP dissociation, characteristic of MCAK, is abolished by this mutation. Our data shows that T537E is unable to distinguish between the microtubule end and the microtubule lattice.
Ecomorphological inferences in early vertebrates: reconstructingDunkleosteus terrelli(Arthrodira, Placodermi) caudal fin from palaeoecological data
Authors: Ferrón Humberto G. , Martínez-Pérez Carlos , Botella Héctor
Published: December 2017

Our knowledge about the body morphology of many extinct early vertebrates is very limited, especially in regard to their post-thoracic region. The prompt disarticulation of the dermo-skeletal elements due to taphonomic processes and the lack of a well-ossified endoskeleton in a large number of groups hinder the preservation of complete specimens. Previous reconstructions of most early vertebrates known from partial remains have been wholly based on phylogenetically closely related taxa. However, body design of fishes is determined, to a large extent, by their swimming mode and feeding niche, making it possible to recognise different morphological traits that have evolved several times in non-closely related groups with similar lifestyles. Based on this well-known ecomorphological correlation, here we propose a useful comparative framework established on extant taxa for predicting some anatomical aspects in extinct aquatic vertebrates from palaeoecological data andvice versa.For this, we have assessed the relationship between the locomotory patterns and the morphological variability of the caudal region in extant sharks by means of geometric morphometrics and allometric regression analysis. Multivariate analyses reveal a strong morphological convergence in non-closely related shark species that share similar modes of life, enabling the characterization of the caudal fin morphology of different ecological subgroups. In addition, interspecific positive allometry, affecting mainly the caudal fin span, has been detected. This phenomenon seems to be stronger in sharks with more pelagic habits, supporting its role as a compensation mechanism for the loss of hydrodynamic lift associated with the increase in body size, as previously suggested for many other living and extinct aquatic vertebrates. The quantification of shape change per unit size in each ecological subgroup has allowed us to establish a basis for inferring not only qualitative aspects of the caudal fin morphology of extinct early vertebrates but also to predict absolute values of other variables such as the fin span or the hypocercal and heterocercal angles. The application of this ecomorphological approach to the specific case ofDunkleosteus terrellihas led to a new reconstruction of this emblematic placoderm. Our proposal suggests a caudal fin with a well-developed ventral lobe, narrow peduncle and wide span, in contrast to classical reconstructions founded on the phylogenetic proximity with much smaller placoderms known from complete specimens. Interestingly, this prediction gains support with the recent discovery of fin distal elements (ceratotrichia) in a well preservedD. terrelli, which suggests a possible greater morphological variability in placoderm caudal fins than previously thought.
Comparison between radial artery tonometry pulse analyzer and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography derived hemodynamic parameters in cardiac surgery patients: a pilot study
Authors: Zayat Rashad , Goetzenich Andreas , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kang HeeJung , Jansen-Park So-Hyun , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Musetti Giulia , Schnoering Heike , Autschbach Rüdiger , Hatam Nima , Aljalloud Ali
Published: December 2017

Background

Bedside non-invasive techniques, such as radial artery tonometry, to estimate hemodynamic parameters have gained increased relevance as an attractive alternative and efficient method to measure hemodynamics in outpatient departments. For our pilot study, we sought to compare cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) estimated from a radial artery tonometry blood pressure pulse analyzer (BPPA) (DMP-Life, DAEYOMEDI Co., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) to pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) echocardiography derived parameters.

Methods

From January 2015 to December 2016, all patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery at our department were screened. Exclusion criteria were, inter alia, moderate to severe aortic- or Mitral valve disease and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) > stage II. One hundred and seven patients were included (mean age 66.1 ± 9.9, 15 females, mean BMI 27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2). All patients had pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We measured the hemodynamic parameters with the BPPA from the radial artery, randomly before or after TTE. For the comparison between the measurement methods we used the Bland-Altman test and Pearson correlation.

Results

Mean TTE-CO was 5.1 ± 0.96 L/min, and the mean BPPA-CO was 5.2 ± 0.85 L/min. The Bland-Altman analysis for CO revealed a bias of −0.13 L/min and SD of 0.90 L/min with upper and lower limits of agreement of −1.91 and +1.64 L/min. The correlation of CO measurements between DMP-life and TTE was poor (r = 0.501,p < 0.0001). The mean TTE-SV was 71.3 ± 16.2 mL and the mean BPPA-SV was 73.8 ± 19.2 mL. SV measurements correlated very well between the two methods (r = 0.900,p < 0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis for SV revealed a bias of −2.54 mL and SD of ±8.42 mL and upper and lower limits of agreement of −19.05 and +13.96 mL, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study shows for the first time that the DMP-life tonometry device measures SV and CO with reasonable accuracy and precision of agreement compared with TTE in preoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients. Tonometry BPPA are relatively quick and simple measuring devices, which facilitate the collection of cardiac and hemodynamic information. Further studies with a larger number of patients and with repeated measurements are in progress to test the reliability and repeatability of DMP-Life system.
Stem-loop structure preference for site-specific RNA editing by APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G
Authors: Sharma Shraddha , Baysal Bora E.
Published: December 2017

APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G cytidine deaminases inhibit viruses and endogenous retrotransposons. We recently demonstrated the novel cellular C-to-U RNA editing function of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G. Both enzymes deaminate single-stranded DNAs at multiple TC or CC nucleotide sequences, but edit only a select set of RNAs, often at a single TC or CC nucleotide sequence. To examine the specific site preference for APOBEC3A and -3G-mediated RNA editing, we performed mutagenesis studies of the endogenous cellular RNA substrates of both proteins. We demonstrate that both enzymes prefer RNA substrates that have a predicted stem-loop with the reactive C at the 3′-end of the loop. The size of the loop, the nucleotides immediately 5′ to the target cytosine and stability of the stem have a major impact on the level of RNA editing. Our findings show that both sequence and secondary structure are preferred for RNA editing by APOBEC3A and -3G, and suggest an explanation for substrate and site-specificity of RNA editing by APOBEC3A and -3G enzymes.
The impact of choosing words carefully: an online investigation into imaging reporting strategies and best practice care for low back pain
Authors: Karran Emma L. , Medalian Yasmin , Hillier Susan L. , Moseley G. Lorimer
Published: December 2017

Background

Low back pain clinical practice guidelines consistently recommend against the routine ordering of spinal imaging; however, imaging is frequently requested in primary care, without evidence of benefit. Imaging reports frequently identify degenerative features which are likely to be interpreted as ‘abnormal’, despite their high prevalence in symptom-free individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether post-imaging back-related perceptions are influenced by providing prior information about normal findings, and to compare the effect of receiving imaging results with best practice care (without imaging). The impact of introducing novel, ‘enhanced’ reporting strategies was also explored.

Methods

This study was a simulated-patient, randomised, multiple-arm experiment. Patient scenarios were presented to volunteer healthy adult participants via an online survey. In the scenarios, ‘virtual’ patients with low back pain were randomised to one of three groups. Group 1 received imaging and was pre-informed about normal findings. Group 2 received imaging (without pre-information). Group 3 received best practice care: quality information without imaging. Group 1 was further divided to receive either a standard report, or an ‘enhanced’ report (containing altered terminology and epidemiological information). The primary outcome was back-related perceptions (BRP), a composite score derived from three numeric rating scale scores exploring perceptions of spinal condition, recovery concerns and planned activity. The secondary outcomes were satisfaction and kinesiophobia.

Results

Full data were available from 660 participants (68% female). Analysis of covariance revealed a significant effect of group after controlling for baseline BRP scores $(F(2,74)=10.4,p\lt 0.001,{\eta }_{p}^{2}=.04)$. Pairwise comparisons indicated that receiving best practice care resulted in more positive BRPs than receiving imaging results, and receiving prior information about normal findings had no impact. Enhanced reporting strategies also positively impacted BRPs $(F(1,275)=13.06,p\lt 0.001,{\eta }_{p}^{2}=.05)$. Significant relationships between group allocation and both satisfaction $(F(2,553)=7.5,p=0.001,{\eta }_{p}^{2}=.03)$ and kinaesiophobia $(F(2,553)=3.0,p=0.050,{\eta }_{p}^{2}=.01)$ were found, with statistically significant pairwise comparisions again in favour of best-practice care.

Conclusion

Intervention strategies such as enhanced reporting methods and the provision of quality information (without imaging) have the potential to improve the outcome of patients with recent-onset LBP and should be further considered by primary care providers.
On Editing Ottoman Turkish tekke Poetry
Authors: Hickman Bill
Published: December 2017

Eşrefoğlu Rumi (d. 875/1469?) and Ümmî Kemal (d. 880/1475?) are prominent practitioners of Ottoman Sufi (tekke) poetry—literature that emerged from the environment of Anatolian Sufi orders. The parallel histories of the transmission of their two divans help clarify details of the poets’ lives. Conversely, biographical facts may help explain details and oddities of those transmission histories, which themselves may also illuminate features of the late fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Ottoman religious and political landscape of increasing theological rigidity in the face of Safavid pressure and probable persecution of those deemed beyond the pale, features that are still poorly understood. In light of a recent essay by Walter Andrews on prevailing editing practices in Ottoman literature, I offer a critique of the recent handling of both divans. After noting previously unrecognized copies of each, I also make suggestions for further study of their poems.