bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising quality following conflict: Afghanistan’s higher education policy
Authors: Couch Daniel
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the dominant conceptualisation of quality in Afghanistan’s higher education strategic planning and policies, and consider the implications a broader conceptualisation of quality might have within Afghanistan’s conflict-affected context.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on data from document analysis and semi-structured interviews, the author identifies the dominant policy conceptualisation of quality.

Findings

The dominant conceptualisation of quality in Afghanistan’s higher education policy documents aligns with the sector’s primary policy purpose of promoting economic growth. However, quality assurance processes were developed with significant input from international actors, and replicate global norms for quality assurance. Whilst this is important for validity and legitimacy, at the same time it can be delegitimising for local stakeholders, and can limit opportunities for conceptualisations of quality which genuinely engage with the particularities of Afghanistan’s broader conflict-affected social context.

Research limitations/implications

Introducing conceptualisations of quality in Afghanistan’s higher education policy which de-centre economic growth, and rather re-position social goals of cohesion and political sustainability as a central understanding of quality higher education, opens possibilities for the sector’s contribution towards national development.

Originality/value

There is limited published research into conceptualisations of quality within low-income and conflict-affected higher education contexts in general, and Afghanistan in particular. This paper intends to extend a critical conversation about the non-economic dividends a quality higher education sector can offer in such contexts.
Extending the shelf-life of sponge cake by an optimized level of jujube fruit flour determined using custom mixture design
Authors: Hosseini Hamed , Bolourian Shadi , Shahidi Fakhri
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Jujube fruit (JF) (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is used as pharmaceuticals food, flavors and food additives. The purpose of this paper is to study the suitability of JF incorporation into a commercial sponge cake formulation, and to produce a nutritious bakery product with appropriate organoleptic and technological characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The optimal level of JF was incorporated into sponge cake using a custom mixture design with three independent variables, namely, refined wheat flour (RWF, 15–28 percent), sugar (7–22 percent) and JF (0–28 percent), as well as several responses, including physical properties, texture profile analysis (TPA), sensorial evaluation and color features. Moreover, physicochemical properties (TPA and oxidative indices) of optimal cake (two of the best JF levels) were compared with control sample (without JF) during 51 days storage period, while two baking temperatures (180°C and 170°C) were used.

Findings

The optimal amounts of RWF (21.19 percent), sugar (21.20 percent) and JF (7.61 percent) required for making the sample with maximum springiness, cohesiveness, specific volume, sensorial scores and yellowness, as well as the lowest firmness, baking loss and browning were determined. Desirable effects of JF on the cake quality well maintained throughout the storage period, as TPA attributes, peroxide value, ultraviolet absorbance and acid value showed less changes in JF-incorporated cake than the control sample.

Originality/value

Incorporating JF (~7 percent) into the batter was successful to improve the physicochemical properties in both fresh and stored cake with chocolate-like color.
Failure mechanisms of lubricating film on M50-Ag composites
Authors: Ma Hongru , Deng Xiaobin , Shi Xiaoliang , Lu Guanchen , Zhou Hongyan , Chen Yuan , Yang Zhenyu
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the damage mechanism of a lubricating film on the worn surface of solid self-lubricating composites under different loads.

Design/methodology/approach

By comparing the actual stress with the strength, it is possible to determine the approximate wear state of the lubricating film. To prove the validity of the mathematical model that can predict the initiation of micro cracks or even the failure of the lubricating film, M50-5 Wt.% Ag self-lubricating composites (MA) was prepared. Tribological tests of the composites against Si3N4 ceramic balls were conducted at room temperature from 2 to 8 N. The electron probe microanalysis images of the lubricating film verify the wear state of the lubricating film.

Findings

The study found that the back edge of the contact area is the most vulnerable to destruction. The tensile stress and the equivalent shear stress have a positive correlation with load and friction coefficient. When the load is 4 N, an intact lubricating film covers the worn surface because the tensile stress and the equivalent shear stress are below the tensile strength and the shear strength, respectively; under other working conditions, the lubricating film is destroyed.

Originality/value

This paper has certain theoretical guidance for the study of tribological properties of solid self-lubricating composites. Moreover, this mathematical model is appropriate to be applied for the other composites.
From sci-fi to sci-fact: the state of robotics and AI in the hospitality industry
Authors: Cain Lisa Nicole , Thomas John H. , Alonso Jr Miguel
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to review the extant hospitality and tourism literature on the state of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in the service industry. The aim was to highlight the current areas of research on this emerging topic and identify areas for future application and study.

Design/methodology/approach

A list of hospitality and tourism journals was used to identify articles related to AI and robotics using the terms AI, robots, robotics, hospitality and tourism, and several combinations thereof. Additional sources were identified through the literature reviews from the identified works.

Findings

The findings revealed several studies on the current state of robotics and AI in hospitality and tourism. Additional research examines and discusses implications for internal and external customer service, legal and ethical issues and theory.

Originality/value

This paper provides a compilation of the current studies that examine the impact of robotics and AI in hospitality and tourism. It offers scholars an overview of the current knowledge in the field on this rapidly emerging and evolving topic.
Smart contracts that violate the Commodity Exchange Act: which parties are liable?
Authors: Mathews Nikiforos , Robison Jonas
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), to date, has not directly addressed how liability for Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) violations involving blockchain or distributed ledger technology should be allocated among the various parties involved in the distributed ledger network, such as the network itself, persons running consensus nodes, developers building applications on the platform, and businesses and end users using such applications. This article discusses recent statements by CFTC Commissioner Brian Quintenz regarding this issue and the approach that the CFTC may take going forward.

Design/methodology/approach

This article examines the allocation of liability in the context of smart contracts that may violate the CEA. The article discusses how the CFTC, despite its significant focus in recent years on virtual currency and blockchain, has not addressed the issue of liability allocation directly. Recent remarks by Commissioner Quintenz may shed light on the CFTC’s future approach.

Findings

This article finds that liability allocation questions may become increasingly pressing as smart contracts that potentially violate the CEA proliferate, possibly exposing a broad range of parties involved in a distributed ledger network to liability. To the extent that Commissioner Quintenz’s recent remarks are indicative, the CFTC ultimately may adopt a foreseeability standard in determining liability.

Practical implications

Applications of distributed ledger technology (DLT) are ever-expanding, continually posing novel CFTC regulatory issues. This is especially the case with respect to smart contracts that may be subject to CFTC jurisdiction. Parties involved in such applications should be mindful of potential liability.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from experienced finance and derivatives lawyers with strong CFTC expertise.
Influence of convective conditions on the peristaltic mechanism of power-law fluid through a slippery elastic porous tube with different waveforms
Authors: Gudekote Manjunatha , Choudhari Rajashekhar , Vaidya Hanumesh , K.V. Prasad , J.U. Viharika
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the peristaltic mechanism of power-law fluid in an elastic porous tube under the influence of slip and convective conditions. The effects of different waveforms on the peristaltic mechanism are taken into account.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing equations are rendered dimensionless using the suitable similarity transformations. The analytical solutions are obtained by using the long wavelength and small Reynold’s number approximations. The expressions for velocity, flow rate, temperature and streamlines are obtained and analyzed graphically. Furthermore, an application to flow through an artery is determined by using a tensile expression given by Rubinow and Keller.

Findings

The principal findings from the present model are as follows. The axial velocity increases with an expansion in the estimation of velocity slip parameter and fluid behavior index, and it diminishes for a larger value of the porous parameter. The magnitude of temperature diminishes with an expansion in the Biot number. The flux is maximum for trapezoidal wave and minimum for the triangular wave when compared with other considered waveforms. The flow rate in an elastic tube increases with an expansion in the porous parameter, and it diminishes with an increment in the slip parameter. The volume of tapered bolus enhances with increasing values of the porous parameter.

Originality/value

The current study finds the application in designing the heart-lung machine and dialysis machine. The investigation further gives a superior comprehension of the peristaltic system associated with the gastrointestinal tract and the stream of blood in small or microvessels.
Shadow organizing and imitation: new foci for research
Authors: Hopwood Nick , Jensen Karen
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Shadow organizing refers to the emergence of parallel arrangements that sit alongside and imitate mainstream or conventional ways of organizing. It can be a response to challenges that require new ways of working without abandoning what is valuable about conventional arrangements. However, the processes through which shadow organizing is accomplished are not well understood; there is a need to go beyond traditional notions of mimicry and metaphor. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper demonstrates how a Tardean approach to imitation can address this gap. It deploys imitation as an explanatory concept, based on contemporary readings of Tarde, as well as understandings of organizing as an unfolding process. Child and Family Centres in Tasmania (Australia), are used as an example of shadow organizing, delivering integrated health and education services in an emerging parallel arrangement.

Findings

The analysis highlights an imitation dynamic which is far from straightforward mimicry. Rather, it comprises repetition and generation of difference. This dynamic is conceptualized in Tardean fashion as three patterns: the imitation of ideas before expression; the selective nature of imitation; and insertion of the old alongside the new.

Originality/value

The paper moves beyond metaphors of shadow organizing, and understandings of shadow organizing as mimicry. Conceptualizing imitation in an alternative way, it contributes fresh insights into how shadow organizing is accomplished. This enriches and expands the conceptual apparatus for researchers wishing to understand the betwixt and between of shadow organizing.
Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in children with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Levy‐Shraga Yael , Shenkar Anatoly , Modan‐Moses Dalit , Assa Amit , Haberman Yael , Shouval Dror , Guz‐Mark Anat , Lahad Avishay , Weiss Batia
Published: October 2019

Aim

Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to low bone mineral density (BMD). Our aim was to assess longitudinal changes in BMD in this population.

Methods

A retrospective longitudinal study of children with IBD, treated at two tertiary centres in Israel, who underwent two BMD measurements by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Changes in lumbar spine BMD (∆L1‐4 z‐scores) were examined for correlations with clinical characteristics.

Results

The cohort included 41 patients (age at diagnosis 12.1 ± 3.5 years, 23 females).The mean interval between the scans was 3.4 ± 2.0 years. There was a trend towards improvement in L1‐4 z‐scores (−1.64 ± 1.02 vs −1.45 ± 0.83, P = .12). ∆L1‐4 z‐scores correlated positively with ∆weight‐standard deviation scores (SDS), ∆height‐SDS and ∆BMI‐SDS, and with age at the second scan (R = .55, P < .01; R = .42, P < .01; R = .42, P = .01; R = .35, P = .02, respectively); and negatively with L1‐4 z‐scores at the first scan (R = −.63, P < .01). Stepwise linear regression analysis identified the first scan L1‐4 z‐scores and ∆weight‐SDS as independent predictors of ∆L1‐4 z‐scores. An L1‐4 z‐score ≤−2 at the first DXA scan was associated with significant improvement at the second scan.

Conclusion

Improvement in BMD was more pronounced in children who gained weight or whose BMD was low at the first scan.
Editorial: a non‐dietary treatment for coeliac disease—two steps forward, one step back? Authors’ reply
Authors: Truitt Kenneth E. , Anderson Robert P.
Published: October 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Truitt et al and Mitchell and Garg papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15435 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15470.
Cognitive Stimulation as a Mechanism Linking Socioeconomic Status With Executive Function: A Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Rosen Maya L. , Hagen McKenzie P. , Lurie Lucy A. , Miles Zoe E. , Sheridan Margaret A. , Meltzoff Andrew N. , McLaughlin Katie A.
Published: October 2019

Executive functions (EF), including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, vary as a function of socioeconomic status (SES), with children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds having poorer performance than their higher SES peers. Using observational methods, we investigated cognitive stimulation in the home as a mechanism linking SES with EF. In a sample of 101 children aged 60–75 months, cognitive stimulation fully mediated SES‐related differences in EF. Critically, cognitive stimulation was positively associated with the development of inhibition and cognitive flexibility across an 18‐month follow‐up period. Furthermore, EF at T1 explained SES‐related differences in academic achievement at T2. Early cognitive stimulation—a modifiable factor—may be a desirable target for interventions designed to ameliorate SES‐related differences in cognitive development and academic achievement.
Nuevos indicadores de los derechos laborales. Método y tendencias en 2000–2015
Authors: KUCERA David , SARI Dora
Published: October 2019

Se describe un nuevo método para elaborar indicadores de los derechos de libertad sindical y de negociación colectiva mediante la codificación de infracciones en nueve fuentes documentales, seis de ellas de la OIT, e instrumentos legislativos nacionales. Los indicadores calculados, correspondientes a 185 Estados Miembros de la OIT para cinco años entre 2000 y 2015, se publicaron en 2015 por iniciativa del Center for Global Workers' Rights y la Global Labour University. En octubre de 2018 la Conferencia Internacional de Estadísticos del Trabajo recomendó adoptar esta metodología para el indicador 8.8.2 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible relativo a los derechos laborales.
Structural features of sodium silicate glasses from reactive force field‐based molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Deng Lu , Urata Shingo , Takimoto Yasuyuki , Miyajima Tatsuya , Hahn Seung Ho , van Duin Adri C. T. , Du Jincheng
Published: October 2019

Atomistic computer simulations can provide insights into silicate glass‐environment interactions with the recent development of reactive potentials. However, the accuracy of generated glass structures with these potential was usually not fully examined. In this paper, the capability of the reactive force field (ReaxFF) to describe the short and medium range structure features of sodium silicate glasses in molecular dynamics simulations is investigated by comparing a widely used partial charge pairwise potential and available experimental data. Glass structure information such as pair distribution function (PDF), coordination number, Qn species, neutron broadened structure factor, and X‐ray broadened structure factor of the glass structures from ReaxFF simulations were calculated and compared to evaluate the generated glass structure. Advantages and limitations of the potentials and glass forming procedures, as well as areas of further improvement, were discussed. The results show that the recently refined ReaxFF parameters through the proposed procedure enable the simulations of sodium silicate glass structures with minimal defects, which paves the way to investigate water‐glass interaction mechanisms with the reactive enabled potentials.
Attachment strength differs amongst life‐history stages of an intertidal, isomorphic red alga
Authors: Bellgrove Alecia , Aoki Masakazu N.
Published: October 2019

Complex haploid‐diploid life cycles amongst marine organisms may be maintained by ecological differences in life‐history phases. For red algal species within the Gigartinaceae, such differences may be driven, in part, by different cell wall composition and resultant biomechanical strengths of haploid and diploid phases. A field experiment tested the attachment strengths of gametophytes and tetrasporophytes of the isomorphic red alga, Chondrus verrucosus (with comparisons of fertile and vegetative fronds, with and without natural tissue damage across three wave‐exposed sites). Seventy‐nine percent of all fronds broke at the stipe‐holdfast junction. There were significant differences in attachment strength (break force and break stress), but not gross morphology (frond length, number of branch axes, wet weight and cross‐sectional area of fronds that dislodged at the stipe‐holdfast junction) of life‐history phases, with tetrasporophytes exhibiting weaker tissue strength and attachment, and therefore greater susceptibility to dislodgement by waves. However, fertility and tissue damage did not consistently influence dislodgement in pull‐to‐break tests simulating the effects of single waves. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of greater susceptibility to dislodgement of tetrasporophytes (relative to gametophytes) warrant further investigation.
Storm‐induced turbidity currents on a sediment‐starved shelf: Insight from direct monitoring and repeat seabed mapping of upslope migrating bedforms
Authors: Normandeau Alexandre , Bourgault Daniel , Neumeier Urs , Lajeunesse Patrick , St‐Onge Guillaume , Gostiaux Louis , Chavanne Cédric
Published: October 2019

The monitoring of turbidity currents enables accurate internal structure and timing of these flows to be understood. Without monitoring, triggers of turbidity currents often remain hypothetical and are inferred from sedimentary structures of deposits and their age. In this study, the bottom currents within 20 m of the seabed in one of the Pointe‐des‐Monts (Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada) submarine canyons were monitored for two consecutive years using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. In addition, multibeam bathymetric surveys were carried out during deployment of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and recovery operations. These new surveys, along with previous multibeam surveys carried out over the last decade, revealed that crescentic bedforms have migrated upslope by about 20 to 40 m since 2007, despite the limited supply of sediment on the shelf or river inflow in the region. During the winter of 2017, two turbidity currents with velocities reaching 0·5 m sec−1 and 2·0 m sec−1, respectively, were recorded and were responsible for the rapid (<1 min) upstream migration of crescentic bedforms measured between the autumn surveys of 2016 and 2017. The 200 kg (in water) mooring was also displaced 10 m down‐canyon, up the stoss side of a bedform, suggesting that a dense basal layer could be driving the flow during the first minute of the event. Two other weaker turbidity currents with speeds <0·5 m sec−1 occurred, but did not lead to any significant change on the seabed. These four turbidity currents coincided with strong and sustained wind speed >60 km h−1 and higher than normal wave heights. Repeat seabed mapping suggests that the turbidity currents cannot be attributed to a canyon‐wall slope failure. Rather, sustained windstorms triggered turbidity currents either by remobilizing limited volumes of sediment on the shelf or by resuspending sediment in the canyon head. Turbidity currents can thus be triggered when the sediment volume available is limited, likely by eroding and incorporating canyon thalweg sediment in the flow, thereby igniting the flow. This process appears to be particularly important for the generation of turbidity currents capable of eroding the lee side of upslope migrating bedforms in sediment‐starved environments and might have wider implications for the activity of submarine canyons worldwide. In addition, this study suggests that a large external trigger (in this case storms) is required to initiate turbidity currents in sediment‐starved environments, which contrasts with supply‐dominated environments where turbidity currents are sometimes recorded without a clear triggering mechanism.
Viable pigs after simultaneous inactivation of porcine MHC class I and three xenoreactive antigen genes GGTA1, CMAH and B4GALNT2
Authors: Fischer Konrad , Rieblinger Beate , Hein Rabea , Sfriso Riccardo , Zuber Julia , Fischer Andrea , Klinger Bernhard , Liang Wei , Flisikowski Krzysztof , Kurome Mayuko , Zakhartchenko Valeri , Kessler Barbara , Wolf Eckhard , Rieben Robert , Schwinzer Reinhard , Kind Alexander , Schnieke Angelika
Published: October 2019

Background

Cell surface carbohydrate antigens play a major role in the rejection of porcine xenografts. The most important for human recipients are α‐1,3 Gal (Galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose) causing hyperacute rejection, also Neu5Gc (N‐glycolylneuraminic acid) and Sd(a) blood group antigens both of which are likely to elicit acute vascular rejection given the known human immune status. Porcine cells with knockouts of the three genes responsible, GGTA1, CMAH and B4GALNT2, revealed minimal xenoreactive antibody binding after incubation with human serum. However, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies cross‐reacted with swine leucocyte antigen class I (SLA‐I). We previously demonstrated efficient generation of pigs with multiple xeno‐transgenes placed at a single genomic locus. Here we wished to assess whether key xenoreactive antigen genes can be simultaneously inactivated and if combination with the multi‐transgenic background further reduces antibody deposition and complement activation.

Methods

Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer were used to generate pigs carrying functional knockouts of GGTA1, CMAH, B4GALNT2 and SLA class I. Fibroblasts derived from one‐ to four‐fold knockout animals, and from multi‐transgenic cells (human CD46, CD55, CD59, HO1 and A20) with the four‐fold knockout were used to examine the effects on human IgG and IgM binding or complement activation in vitro.

Results

Pigs were generated carrying four‐fold knockouts of important xenoreactive genes. In vitro assays revealed that combination of all four gene knockouts reduced human IgG and IgM binding to porcine kidney cells more effectively than single or double knockouts. The multi‐transgenic background combined with GGTA1 knockout alone reduced C3b/c and C4b/c complement activation to such an extent that further knockouts had no significant additional effect.

Conclusion

We showed that pigs carrying several xenoprotective transgenes and knockouts of xenoreactive antigens can be readily generated and these modifications will have significant effects on xenograft survival.
Effects of Molding Parameters on MIM’s Material Distribution using Numerical Simulation Method
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Fazuri , Sulong Abu Bakar , Muhamad Norhamidi , Husin Muhamad Afkar
Published: October 2019

In the competitive world in the global market, manufacturing industry is striving to produce products at high quality, shorter time and low cost. This can be achieved through proper design activities, with assist of finite element analysis (FEA) and computer aided design (CAD). The objective of this project is to study the effect of the molding parameters on the physical characteristics of surgery tool via MIM based on design of experiment (Taguchi method). This numerical results show the behavior of feedstock entering the mould during injection process and the possibility defects that might occur. The quality of the injected product depends on the selection of the feedstock as well as the parameters for injection molding such as injection temperature (A), mold temperature (B), flow rate (C) and injection pressure (D). From the analysis of Taguchi, the optimal levels of process parameters for the shortest filling time is [A3(200ºC), B1(80ºC), C3(20 cm3/s), D3(260 MPa)]. Set of optimal parameters for the smallest shrinkage percentage difference is [A1(180ºC), B3(100ºC), C3(20 cm3/s), D2(255 MPa)]. The most influence injection molding parameters are injection temperature and injection pressure. Follow by the flow rate.
Effect of Milling Speed on the Synthesis of In-Situ Cu-25 Vol. % WC Nanocomposite by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Bashirom Nurulhuda , Mohd Arif Nurzatil Ismah
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a study on the effect of milling speed on the synthesis of Cu-WC nanocomposites by mechanical alloying (MA). The Cu-WC nanocomposite with nominal composition of 25 vol.% of WC was produced in-situ via MA from elemental powders of copper (Cu), tungsten (W), and graphite (C). These powders were milled in the high-energy “Pulverisette 6” planetary ball mill according to composition Cu-34.90 wt% W-2.28 wt% C. The powders were milled in different milling speed; 400 rpm, 500 rpm, and 600 rpm. The milling process was conducted under argon atmosphere by using a stainless steel vial and 10 mm diameter of stainless steel balls, with ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR) 10:1. The as-milled powders were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD result showed the formation of W2C phase after milling for 400 rpm and as the speed increased, the peak was broadened. No WC phase was detected after milling. Increasing the milling speed resulted in smaller crystallite size of Cu and proven to be in nanosized. Based on SEM result, higher milling speed leads to the refinement of hard W particles in the Cu matrix. Up to the 600 rpm, the unreacted W particles still existed in the matrix showing 20 hours milling time was not sufficient to completely dissolve the W.
The Ratio of Plant Numbers to the Total Mass of Contaminant as One Factor in Scaling-up Phytoremediation Process
Authors: Abdul Wahab Al-Baldawi Israa , Sheikh Abdullah Siti Rozaimah , Suja Fatihah , Anuar Nurina , Idris Mushrifah
Published: October 2019

A toxicity test is carried out to select the contaminant concentration that a plant can tolerate in phytoremediation. We focused on the ratio of plant numbers to the total mass of contaminant as the factor for selection of contaminant concentration, nature of soil type and plant species in a diesel phytoremediation project. Based on the results of a preliminary test, Scirpus grossus could survive when the ratio of plant numbers to the total mass of diesel was more than 0.15 for 3% (Vdiesel/Vwater) after 14 days of exposure in a sub–surface flow system (SSF) containing 780 mL of diesel contaminated water with 33% percentage of withered plants. In a phytotoxicity test containing 7 L of diesel contaminated water, S. grossus could also survive with the ratio more than 0.07 for 2% (Vdiesel/Vwater) for 72 days of exposure with 36% percentage of withered plants. Based on the results of the preliminary and phytotoxicity tests, selection of diesel concentration in pilot scale containing 500 L of diesel contaminated water with 50 plants was fixed. Based on a minimum ratio of 0.05 from the preliminary and phytotoxicity tests, three diesel concentrations were selected to be 0.1, 0.175 and 0.25% to evaluate the performance of pilot reed bed to remediate diesel. Through the pilot study, the concentrations have resulted 10, 20 and 30% withered plants in the respective diesel concentration. The ratio of plant numbers to the total mass of contaminant must be considered as one factor to determine the phytotoxicity effects of the contaminant concentration in scaling-up a reed bed system for phytoremediation process.
DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL TRADITIONAL HOUSE FOR INTERACTIVE REAL-TIME NAVIGATION
Authors: A. Abu Bakar Juliana , Shiaujing Chew , Wooisim Ooi , Chongmeng Pang , H. Abdrahman Hafizatul , L. Hussin Hazarotul
Published: October 2019

Virtual heritage is able to provide visual aesthetics, real-time navigation and interaction to impress and entertain users. This article describes the design and development of three dimensional (3D) virtual heritage to view and navigate the 3D representation of Malay traditional house which is rare to be found today. The Virtual Traditional House allows flexible exploration with real-time navigation in order for users to walkthrough the 3D reconstruction of the house while viewing relevant historical information at certain parts of the house. The process of design and development of Virtual Traditional House is outlined and points of particular importance are explained. The article discusses the preliminary results of user evaluation for Virtual Traditional House. Future work includes extensive user evaluation and to what extend user may absorb the historical information surfaced around the virtual environment.
CRITERIA AND DESIGN ELEMENTS OF PRODUCT LABEL
Authors: Mohamad Kamil Mohd Hafiz Faizal , Jaafar Azizah
Published: October 2019

Products selection approach is subjective to each consumer and this issue becomes a problem to product manufacturers, particularly package label designer to determine the best design model for their product labels. Usability is identified as among the main criteria that determine the effectiveness of a product label design to the consumer.  Other criteria such as awareness and trust may contribute to accurate and correct decisions by the consumers based on informative label design. This study proposed a conceptual framework for the criteria of usability, awareness and trust on product label design that may affect the purchase decision by consumers. A survey adapted from previous study, was conducted on experts to determine the criteria of design elements for product label design specifically to assist in product purchase. Our study found that, a total number of 18 characteristics were included in high category of the three design element criteria with 76% means score. These types of characteristics may enhance customer confidence during purchasing process.
OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR GREENHOUSE GAS TO GREEN ENERGY FOR A LOW CARBON REGION OF ISKANDAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Ahmed Saeed Isa , Johari Anwar , Hashim Haslenda , Mat Ramli , Lim Jeng Shiun , Jusoh Mazura , Alkali Habib , Hafshar Siti Shamsi
Published: October 2019

Landfill gas (LFG) like any other greenhouse gases (GHG) is a threat to the environment; hence its mitigation through effective utilization is necessary. The objective of this study is to estimate the amount of LFG captured using IPCC methodology and then develop optimization model for the LFG utilization for green energy production for Iskandar Malaysia. Of the three MSW Scenarios considered, the most appropriate was Scenario MIX, giving projection of MSW to landfill ranging from 600,000 tons in 2010 to 711,000 tons in 2035 for Iskandar Malaysia. From this, a mean annual LFG capture of 21,672 tons was estimated. The Mixed Integer Programing model considered Scenario ST as the more appropriate of the two LFG Scenarios, favoring combined heat and power generation with steam turbines over other options. The optimal result yielded a mean annual electricity and steam generation of 20,588 MWh (2.3 MW) and 150 million MJ respectively. The mean electricity generation represents 0.16% and 0.02% of the maximum electricity demand for Iskandar Malaysia and Peninsular Malaysia respectively. Additionally, GHG emission reduction of 12,000 tons CO2 equivalent was achieved. The findings revealed the potentials in LFG capture from the case study in terms of green energy and GHG emission reduction for sustainable development.
A QUASI STEADY STATE MODEL FOR FLASH PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS IN A TRANSPORTED BED REACTOR
Authors: Oladokun Olagoke , Ahmad Arshad , Ahmad Kamaroddin Mohd Fadhzir , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran , Bevan Nyakuma Bemgba
Published: October 2019

n this work a quasi-steady state Lagrange multiphase model for biomass pyrolysis in a transported bed reactor was developed. Using biomass three components and lumped kinetic model and char - gas ratio in the thermochemical conversion of biomass to tar, gas and char. The transported bed reactor operated a batch-continuous operation with both biomass and sand (heat source) as feeder at the top of the reactor, while the volatile products were collected and rapidly condensed. The model developed considered the mass flow of the biomass, hot sand and sweeping gas (Nitrogen) in addition to the complex pyrolysis kinetic mechanism. In simulating the model, the calculation was split into two modular steps. The solid phase module was first solved and the results were consequently used in the gas phase module. The focus of the simulation study was on the yield of tar; with variation in biomass feed rate and temperature. The model predictions consistently showed for all simulations, that temperature above 479.5 oC was for tar production. It further predicted that increase in biomass feed rate does not significantly increase tar. The optimal biomass feed rate was 4.0 g/s which correspond to tar yield of 69.53 % and temperature of 480 oC.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITION AND ACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY IN NIGERIA.
Authors: Nkem Augusta N. , Hassim Mimi H. , Kidam Kamarizan
Published: October 2019

This paper studies the relationship between unsafe acts/conditions and accidents in construction company in Nigeria. For this study, an XYZ Construction Company is chosen as it is a large scale company with 600 workers, which is believed to be sufficient to represent the typical construction company in Nigeria. XYZ is an engineering and construction company currently carrying out an upgraded of flow station. In the beginning of the project, occurrence of accident was minimal that the company tends to overlook the importance of investigating unsafe acts/conditions at that point of project lifecycle. However, as the project progresses, the number of unsafe acts/conditions have increased rapidly and more accidents were recorded only within a short period of three years. The aim of this study is to analyze the unsafe acts/conditions and accidents occurrences in XYZ Company so as to identify the relationship between their occurrences. The analysis of the company’s database shows that there have been 582 unsafe acts/conditions and 91 accidents recorded since 2008 to 2012. Results of this study show significant relationship between unsafe acts/condition and accidents occurrences by positive correlation of 0.877. Based on the result of this study, employers will appreciate the need to eliminate unsafe acts and unsafe conditions for reducing the occurrence of accidents in the industry.
OPTIMIZATION OF ELECROSPINNING OF PVDF SCAFFOLDS FABRICATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD
Authors: Nallappan Madana Leela , Mahmoud Nasef Mohamad
Published: October 2019

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) scaffolds were prepared via electrospinning. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters that influence the average fibre diameter. The objective is to produce fibres with small diameters. The factors considered for experimental design were the applied electric voltage, the PVDF solution concentration, and the distance between the needle tip and the collecting drum. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to generate the experimental design whilst the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to obtain statistical validation of regression models and to study the interaction between input parameters. The optimum operating conditions that guaranteed PVDF scaffolds with small nanofibre diameter were in the voltage and concentration range of 16-20 kV and 10-14wt%.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED PYROLYSIS (MAP) OF AUTOMOTIVE PAINT SLUDGE (APS)
Authors: Januri Zakiuddin , Abdul Rahman Norazah , Idris Siti Shawalliah , Matali Sharmeela , Abdul Manaf Shareena Fairuz
Published: October 2019

Hazardous waste such as automotive paint sludge has a potential to be recovered or treated with advance method such as microwave assisted pyrolysis. It is an advantage for the process with the aid of microwave radiation to the system due to the high affinity of water in the automotive paint sludge which acts as the medium of heating in the microwave pyrolysis reaction. By having such process, not only it is good to dispose the automotive paint sludge but three different products have been recovered from that process such as solid char, liquid oil and gas. With the high hydrocarbon content in the automotive paint sludge, it was estimated that high valuable hydrocarbon might be recovered in the liquid product. From this research, three parameters were studied and analyzed for the product distribution and liquid oil recovered which are sample weight loading, microwave power level and radiation time. It was observed that best sample weight loading, microwave power level and radiation time to produce high liquid hydrocarbon oil were 200g, 1000W and 30 minutes respectively in which 0.1g or 0.27% was liquid oil recovered from overall sample weight loading.
LIFT PERFORMANCE OF A CAMBERED WING FOR AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF THE FLAPPING WING
Authors: Yusoff H. , Iswadi N. , Zulkifly A.H. , Mohd Firdaus Sh. , Abdullah M.Z. , Abdullah M.K. , Suhaimi S.
Published: October 2019

Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FW-MAVs) are small hand-held flying vehicles that can maneuver in constrained space owing to its lightweight, low aspect ratio and the ability to fly in low Reynolds number environment. In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics such as time-averaged lift of camber wings with different five wind tunnel test models with 6, 9, 12, and 15 percent camber were developed and the results were compared with time-averaged lift of a flat wing in order to assess the effects of camber wing on the aerodynamic performance for flapping flight applications. The experiments were performed in an open circuit wind tunnel with of non-return airflow with a test section of (0.3 x 0.3) m and capable of speeds from 0.5 to 30 m/s. The time-averaged lift as functions of advance ratio of the flapping motions with respect to the incoming flows are measured by using a strain gauge balance and KYOWA PCD-300A sensor interface data acquisition system. It is found that camber would bring significant aerodynamic benefits when the flapping flight is in unsteady state regime, with advance ratio less than 1.0. The aerodynamic benefits of camber are found to decay exponentially with the increasing advance ratio. Cambered wing shows significantly higher lift in comparison to the flat wing.
SOLUTION SPACE DIAGRAM IN CONFLICT DETECTION SCENARIOS
Authors: Abdul Rahman Siti Mariam , Borst Clark , Mulder Max , Van Paassen Rene
Published: October 2019

This research investigates the use of Solution Space Diagram (SSD) as a measure of sector complexity and also as a predictor of performance and workload, focusing on the scenarios regarding Air Traffic Controller (ATCO)’s ability to detect future conflicts. A human-in-the-loop experiment with varying intercept angle within the same sector layout has been designed and conducted. A short duration and a single predetermined conflict for each scenario were programmed to ensure a controlled experiment environment. The main aim of this experiment is to investigate whether the SSD can predict the workload ratings and subject performance in a conflict detection task. Based on the results, no common pattern can be observed, which can directly associate workload ratings and SSD area properties for various intercept angles. As conflict presented in the experiment between the converging aircraft, it was found that smaller SSD observation angles correlate better with the workload rating. These results were anticipated, as in converging conditions aircraft ahead of the velocity vector will be captured as the main focus. The SSD also does not represent a trigger for conflict detection. There is no consistent SSD area percentage where ATCO would start detecting conflict. Thus, it is concluded that the SSD does not represent a trigger for conflict detection.
DETERMINATION OF DELAMINATION SIZE IN HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Ramly Ramzyzan , Kuntjoro Wahyu , Wisnoe Wirachman , Mohd Nasir Rizal Effendy , Ihsan Mamat Aman Mohd , Mohamad Firdaus
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the determination of a relative delamination size of the skin to the honeycomb core of the honeycomb sandwich panel using the Finite Element Method approach. In the analysis, the honeycomb sandwich panel was modelled in the actual dimension using CATIA. The delamination of two different sizes (10 mm diameter and 30 mm diameter) were modelled to simulate the delamination cases. Using Nastran/Patran, the models underwent a three-point-bending test in order to simulate a result. The results were compared between the case of no delamination, 10 mm delamination, and 30 mm delamination. From the simulation, there was a significant difference of displacement of the skin (facing) between the 10 mm diameter delamination and the 30 mm diameter delamination.
AERODYNAMIC OF UITM'S BLENDED-WING-BODY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE BASELINE-II EQUIPPED WITH ONE CENTRAL VERTICAL RUDDER
Authors: Wisnoe Wirachman , Nasir Rizal E.M. , Ramly Ramzyzan , Kuntjoro Wahyu , Muhammad Firdaus
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a study of aerodynamic characteristics of UiTM's Blended-Wing-Body Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (BWB-UAV) Baseline-II in terms of side force, drag force and yawing moment coefficients are presented through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. A vertical rudder is added to the aircraft at the rear centre part of the fuselage as yawing control surface. The study consists of varying the side slip angles for various rudder deflection angles and to plot the results for each aerodynamic parameter. The comparison with other yawing control surface for the same aircraft obtained previously are also presented. For validation purpose, the lift and drag coefficients are compared with the results obtained from wind tunnel experiments.
ADHESIVE CONTACT MODELLING BASED ON LENNARD-JONES FORCE LAW
Authors: Lee W.G. , Chong W.W.F.
Published: October 2019

At diminishing separations, the load carrying capacity of opposing rough surfaces is distributed among asperities across a smaller contact area as compared with the apparent contact area. An improved understanding on asperity interactions is therefore required in order to better predict the tribological behaviour of a rough surface contact. In this paper, based on Weir’s method for computing the work of adhesion, a simplistic adhesive contact model is proposed, applying the Lennard-Jones force law, to study an asperity pair interaction. Assuming that the tip represents an asperity, the numerical model is subsequently applied to simulate a Tungsten Carbide (WC) coated AFM tip indenting on a Diamond (111) surface. It was found that the simulated pull-off force agrees with the measured value by Enachescu et al for a WC AFM tip on a Diamond (111).
CO-PYROLYSIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MALAYSIAN SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL AND WASTE HDPE BLENDS VIA TGA
Authors: Matali S. , Rahman N. A. , Idris S. S. , Alias A.B. , Mohatar M.R.
Published: October 2019

Waste polymers co-conversion is an attractive way to dispose of and convert polymer into high value fuel apart from having environmental-friendly advantages. Preliminary studies during pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal, waste High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and coal/waste HDPE blends have been performed via Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA apparatus). The tests were carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, under dynamic conditions at a heating rate of 10oC/min.  The coal/waste HDPE blends were prepared in the weight ratios of 80:20, 60:40 40:60 and 20:80. The results showed that the thermal decomposition of the materials can be characterized by single reaction stage both for single and blended fuels between a temperature range of 300-530oC. Overlapping DTG curves, the comparison between experimental and theoretical devolatilization rate and deviation in char yield, suggests that the existence of possible synergistic effect for blended fuels are caused by chemical interactions. An increase in reactivity is observed with increasing HDPE blend ratio which is primarily due to the release of high amount of volatiles in the waste polymer. It was suggested that the degradation of polymer waste in the blends form radicals that abstracted hydrogen from coal and resulted in less char being produced.
CHARACTERISATIONS OF CHROMIUM CARBIDE-BASED COATED COMBUSTOR LINER FOR GAS TURBINES
Authors: Mohd Yunus Salmi , Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah , W. Zamrib Wan Fathul Hakim , Pauzi Ahmad Afiq , Husin Shuib
Published: October 2019

A gas turbine combustor liner experienced visible surface damages during its normal operation of 8000 hours. Small amplitudes of vibration during the operation contributed to a surface degradation, mainly wear. A chromium-carbide based hard coating was deposited via plasma spray technique on the outer surface of a combustor liner of a gas turbine engine. It was found that after the operation, the coating hardness had increased more than 30% compared to its minimum initial hardness and reached up to 744 HV particularly in the crossfire tube collar mating areas. Comparison between the coated and the uncoated liners were carried out in order to show how much the wear scars have been minimized throughout the operation under severe temperature of approximately 1, 500°C. It was found that in this study the coating of chromium-carbide is capable to reduce the wear damage due to the work hardening effect of the liner and their mating surfaces.