bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, Implementation and Field Test of the Adaptive Damping System of the Franjo Tudjman Bridge nearby Dubrovnik, Croatia
Authors: Weber Felix , Distl Hans , Huber Peter , Nützel Oswald , Motavalli Masoud
Published: July 2015

Strong wind combined with wet snow evoked estimated cable vibration amplitudes of the stay cable Franjo Tudjman Bridge nearby Dubrovnik, Croatia, up to 1-2 meters at mid span. The bridge had to be closed and some cables were damaged substantially. The bridge owner decided to install cable dampers in order to prevent cables from premature material fatigue and to ensure high public confidence in the safety of the bridge. Then, the authors started to design, manufacture, install and finally test the adaptive cable damping system which is based feedback controlled magnetorheological fluid dampers. This paper describes all steps required to eventually have a cable damping system that is optimally tuned to the cable properties. The decay measurements clearly demonstrate that MR dampers, whose force is feedback controlled according to the friction force control law, provide mode and amplitude independent damping of 80% efficiency.
Calculation of displacements for base isolation systems with bilinear behaviour
Authors: Müller Heiko , Freundt Ursula
Published: July 2015

The concept of seismic isolation is, beside the ductile design, state-of-the-art in the field of the seismic design of structures. In the case of seismic isolation, the relative displacement due to earthquake is an important effect, which must be calculated with an adequate reliability.

Since in isolation systems devices with nonlinear deformation characteristics are often used, the isolation system is usually to be considered with its nonlinear characteristics. This paper deals with the computation of the relative displacements for bilinear elastic-plastic isolation systems by means of equivalent linear computations using different linearization methods, the method ‘Geometric Stiffness’, recommended in Eurocode8, and the method ‘Average Period and Damping’.

In extensive parameter studies the relative displacements determined with these procedures will be compared with the accurate results, which were determined with nonlinear time history calculations. Based on the statistical evaluation of the differences the quality of results will be shown and rated. The conditions for using this procedure will be taken into account.
Improvement of seismic capacity of bridges using seismic isolation system in Korea
Authors: Ha Dong-Ho , Koh Hyun-Moo , Lee Sun-Young , Ok Seung-Yong
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the state-of-the-art research activities on seismic isolation systems for improving the seismic capacities of the bridges in Korea. Optimal design methodology based on the minimum life-cycle-cost (LCC) is described for the seismically isolated bridges in areas of low-tomoderate seismicity. Experimental studies on seismically isolated bridge are introduced as well, which include pseudo-dynamic test of scaled pier and dynamic field test of full-scale. In addition, various applications of isolation devices to the new and existing bridges are summarized.
The Sliding isolation pendulum for seismic protection of buildings
Authors: Huber Peter , Medeot Renzo
Published: July 2015

Special measures for effective seismic protection of buildings are and will be applied more often in the future due to increasing requirements. The impact requirements, i.e. the earthquake data, get more severe, as in many countries revised probabilities for more severe earthquakes were and will be defined. On the resistance side the standards and national requirements define new limits for maximum stresses and accelerations within the building structure to provide best possible damage limitation. The principle of seismic isolation is a method to provide structural flexibility to avoid big accelerations within the structure. The Sliding Isolation Pendulum (SIP) is a device decoupling the structure from the ground, supporting the entire structure, granting for the necessary damping and ensuring the re-centring of the structure during and after an earthquake. The application of the SIP is illustrated for three recently constructed buildings in Greece and Turkey.
The Work and Influence of the UK Standing Committee on Structural Safety
(SCOSS)
Authors: Carpenter John , Alexander Stuart
Published: July 2015

Failures of buildings and other structures continue to occur throughout the world. Many of these involve loss of life.

This paper outlines the workings of the UK Standing Committee on Structural Safety (SCOSS), a unique committee with a remit to identify practices and trends in structural engineering which might give rise to concern in respect of ensuring safety. Examples are given of the subject matter considered, with an emphasis on the people involved, the management of risk, and the products used. A scheme to allow the confidential reporting of matters of concern is also described and examples given of the data received.
Thermal control through a unique coloured solar curtain wall solution
Authors: Ducommun Yves
Published: July 2015

This paper presents an innovative approach to generating thermal energy to control the climate of large buildings through a unique aesthetic coloured solar solution for curtain wall architecture. The paper concentrates on the practical execution of this integrated approach. It describes the different project phases for the execution of the first building project where the energy needed to power the water heating system of the building is entirely generated from the building envelop. The curtain wall’s spandrel panels consist of thermal solar collectors of a novel design, offering the aesthetic appearance of colored glass panes, opaque to the eye while being able to capture as much solar energy as a commercial solar thermal collector closed by a transparent glass pane. It allows for the first time architects to integrate renewable energy generation in the envelop of the building, offering new design perspectives without compromising the aesthetics of their architecture.
Infrastructure management and maintenance for urban environment quality and sustainability. Olympic assets
Authors: Di Sivo Michele , Ladiana Daniela
Published: July 2015

The planning and management of infrastructure assets (both if carried out according to the city development and if planned for important culture and sport events) - being them crucial to guarantee use and management modalities capable of avoiding those territorial, financial and environmental wastes which characterized the past – has to be optimized according to functional, management and maintenance needs. The definition of maintenance-oriented planning modalities as well as of methods and tools for infrastructure management and control enables to carry out a development within technologies and processes which better answer to instances of quality and sustainability as well as to a more careful attention towards the time dimension.
Modular Subspace-based System Identification and Damage Detection on Large Structures
Authors: Döhler Michael , Mevel Laurent
Published: July 2015

In Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) of large structures it is often needed to process sensor data from multiple non- simultaneously recorded measurement setups, especially in the case of large structures. In order to obtain global modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping ratios, mode shapes) with covariance-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI), the data from all the setups is normalized, merged and processed together. With this “Pre Global Estimation Re-Scaling” (PreGER) approach the global modal parameters are obtained automatically, but lots of data is processed at the same time, which can easily lead to memory problems when dealing with a big number of measurement setups and sensors. In this paper, a new efficient variant of the PreGER algorithm is presented that avoids the numerical explosion of the calculation by using a modular approach, where the data from the measurement setups is processed setup by setup and not at the same time. Furthermore, a new efficient variant of the subspace-based stochastic damage detection for multiple measurement setups is presented and we show the efficiency of the identification and damage detection algorithms on a relevant industrial example.
Physical Nonlinear Model Adaptation in Long-Term Structural Health Monitoring: Proposals of Experimental Studies on a Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Schnellenbach-Held Martina , Karczewski Bjoern
Published: July 2015

In this paper a model adaptation approach for concrete bridge superstructures is presented. The approach aims at identifying structural characteristics during long-term structural health monitoring,

i.e. when the bridge is open for traffic and weights and locations of passing vehicles are unknown. Thus, system and load properties of the structure have to be determined at the same time. To verify the approach, proposals of experiments on a reinforced concrete beam are presented. The proposed specimen is a single span beam loaded by 2 single forces. During load application structural responses (strains, deflections and reaction forces) are recorded. In the progress of the experiments, damage is induced in the longitudinal reinforcement by cutting reinforcement bars. Based on the recorded responses, numerical models are adapted. Goal of the adaptation is the localization of the induced damage, the quantification of its extent and the determination of magnitude and location of the respective single force. Prior to the tests on the specimen, the experiments are numerically simulated by carrying out physical nonlinear finite element analysis. Based on the simulations, test runs of the model adaptation process had been performed.
Uplifting Slide Bearing (3) －Development of the Analytical Model－
Authors: Sato Tomoaki , Igarashi Akira , Adachi Yukio , Uno Hiroshige , Kato Yoshihisa , Shinohara Masatsugu
Published: July 2015

A new type of slide bearing, called "Uplifting Slide Bearing", was developed [1]-[5]. It has characterized by horizontal and inclined plane sliding surfaces. Girders are allowed to move on the horizontal plane slide surfaces during temperature changes, what is more, the sliding takes place on the inclined plane slide surfaces for large displacement response in case of strong earthquakes. Unfortunately, the impact phenomena were observed from the experimental tests with the shaking table to check the new system.

In this paper, the analytical model to simulate the Uplifting Slide Bearing actions including the impact phenomena was proposed by using the several non-linear springs. Results of comparison with experimental tests, the analytical results were well corresponding to the experimental test results including the impact actions.
StructuralComponents – a Toolbox for Conceptual Structural Design
Authors: Rolvink Anke , Breider Janwillem , Coenders Jeroen
Published: July 2015

Only a small number of tools for computational composition and definition of a structural concept of a building does exist. StructuralComponents provides the designing structural engineer with a toolbox for conceptual design based on a parametric and associative design approach. Structural principles are embedded into the design tools, enabling the engineer to generate various design alternatives in a short period of time, and judge these alternatives based on structural performance. The concepts can be adapted relatively quickly and analyses are rerun directly to study the influence of design parameters. The toolbox has been developed using .NET, an object oriented programming environment, and consists of several independent modules, which can be plugged together. This offers flexibility and versatility to the user, making the toolbox usable for multiple design projects.
Structural modelling of the piers of the Paderno d’Adda Bridge (1889, Italy)
Authors: Ferrari Rosalba , Facheris Mattia , Rizzi Egidio
Published: July 2015

This note focuses on a specific aspect of the structural modelling of the Paderno d’Adda Bridge, a marvellous Italian historic wrought iron bridge with riveted connections that was completed in 1889 and opened to both railway and road traffics [1-2]. Within the current attempt of building a full 3D FEM model of the structure [3-7], the metallic piers of the bridge are considered [5-6], specifically thepier on the arch. The morphology of the piers has been reconstructed from the inspection of the original design drawings and implemented into a FEM model. Then, a structural analysis has been performed in the elastic range, by considering loading distributions that were conceived at design stage and also conditions that are nearer to present-state railway standards.
A numerical algorithm to predict the behaviour of cracked r.c. members
Authors: Beconcini Maria Luisa , Croce Pietro , Formichi Paolo
Published: July 2015

The classical approach considering perfect bond between steel rebars and concrete is often unsuitable in refined analysis of reinforced concrete elements, as it leads to significant errors in the estimate of the actual stiffness. For this reason more refined procedures have to be considered. In the paper a numerical algorithm is illustrated, able to predict both the evolution of the crack pattern and the crack widths during the whole loading process, based on a refined local bond-slip law, derived from ad hoc tests.
Structural Behaviour of Composite Sandwich Panels for Civil Engineering Applications
Authors: Ramôa Correia Joao , Branco Fernando , Almeida Inês , Gonilha José A.
Published: July 2015

This paper presents results of analytical, experimental and numerical investigations on the mechanical behaviour of sandwich panels with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) skins. The performance of two different core materials - rigid plastic polyurethane (PU) foam and polypropylene (PP) honeycomb - and the effect of using lateral GFRP ribs along the longitudinal edges of the panels were investigated. The experimental campaign first included material characterisation tests on small scale specimens. Subsequently, flexural static and dynamic tests were carried out in full-scale sandwich panels in order to evaluate their service and failure behaviour. The numerical study included the development of 3D FE models of the tested sandwich panels, which allowed simulating the mechanical behaviour of the sandwich panels with a good accuracy.
High performance materials for pendulum sliding bearings
Authors: Quaglini Virginio , Dubini Paolo
Published: July 2015

At Politecnico di Milano a novel thermoplastic material for pendulum bearings operating in seismic isolation of buildings and structures has been recently developed. The material properties were characterized in small scale tests, and the dependence of the coefficient of friction on operating conditions like pressure, temperature and velocity was determined at speeds and durations typical of seismic events. The effect of extended durations of excitation on the stability of friction was assessed. Two prototypes of pendulum bearing operating with the new material were manufactured and tested. The results confirmed the good performance of real scale isolators in terms of low horizontal stiffness, high damping and good stability of the dynamic properties.
A new landmark arch bridge in Milan
Authors: Malerba Pier Giorgio , Galli Paolo , Di Domizio Marco
Published: July 2015

The new De Gasperi Bridge, located at Milan Portello, is made of two steel arches, having a 80m span. The arches thrust is held by the deck, which works like a tie. The platform is a composite steel-concrete deck. In order to reduce the intensity of the tensile stresses in the concrete slab, the whole deck is prestressed by nine external tendons. A peculiarity of this bridge consist in the two arches diverging towards the lateral sides of the deck, with an inclination of 22,5° with respect to the corresponding vertical planes. The deck longitudinal beams are supported by nine transverse box beams, slightly tapered at the end, stretching outside the deck width. The ends of these transversal beams are connected to nine couples of hangers, having tubular section. The hangers lie onto the same inclined planes of the arches and are normal to the arches axes. In order to avoid flexural stresses, the connection between hangers and arches was made by means of Cardan joints.
Cartagena Auditorium facades: a new structural and sustainable skin system
Authors: Romo José , Lastra José María
Published: July 2015

Cartagena Auditorium (Spain) is a building design inside the principle of sustainability. The building has to large facades in which it has been used for the first time, a flat skin of double layer made in EFTE with a self-resistant cable system. The combination of structural innovation with the rational use of the power resources available is one the main features of this sustainable building.
Bridges in Venice - Architectural and Structural Engineering aspects
Authors: de Miranda Mario , Pogacnik Marko , Skansi Luka
Published: July 2015

Marko POGACNIK
Born in 1958, obtained his PhD in 1994 with a thesis on K.F. Schinkel. He is ricercatore universitario at Venice University IUAV and was a visiting professor and lecturer in many european universities: FH- Potsdam, Universität Dortmund, Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio, ILEK Stuttgart, Universität Innsbruck.

The subjects of his researches and publications are the architectures of Schinkel, Ledoux, Semper, Behrens, Mies, Loos, Le Corbusier, Libera, Scarpa.
Luka SKANSI
Luka Skansi graduated at Venice's University of Architecture - Università IUAV di Venezia, and he obtained his Ph.D. degree there in 2006. He is currently Teaching Assistant in History of Architecture at IUAV.

With its hundreds of bridges built over the course of centuries, most of which are still in use today, Venice probably has more bridges than any other city in the world.

It is also a city where the culture of bridges and bridge-building is closely linked to the culture of the town.

From an engineering point of view, it is of particular interest to study certain aspects of Venetian Bridges, specifically the problems that Venetian artisans, artists, engineers and architects encountered over the centuries, and how they overcame these problems.

The aim of this paper, together with its companion paper on the historical background, is to illustrate and discuss certain engineering and structural aspects of the traditional Venice Bridge.
Innovatively Engineered and Architectural Infrastructure Development in a Dense Urban Corridor
Authors: Desai Neeraj
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the conceptual design of a Precast Segmental Flyover in densely populated urban corridor in Hyderabad, India. The emphasis is on the innovative design that formed the basis for development of aesthetic design which could merge easily with the surroundings and cause the least disturbance to the existing structures as well as the environment. The stretch over which the flyover has come up is one of the busiest roads in Hyderabad where the traffic demand has drastically shot up due to the commissioning of an International Airport. The geometrical design ensured that negligible acquisition was required of the real estate that was already part of one of the busiest stretches in the city. The innovative architectural engineering concepts in the design that led to the development of a sleek and aesthetic structure meeting Architectural requirements are described. This infrastructure development has led to an improvement in environmental condition as a result of elimination of traffic snarls and landscaping has become possible below the flyover due to the least space occupied by it thereby minimising carbon emissions and improving the climate
The huge enlargement with r.c. structure of the Shrine of Pompeii in Italy (1933-1939): a technological, architectonic and cultural challenge
Authors: Carillo Saverio , Sepe Vincenzo , Petillo Pasquale
Published: July 2015

The huge r.c. enlargement (1933-1939) of the Shrine of Pompeii in Italy is described in this paper as a case history of structural and historical interest. To preserve the features of the old masonry church, builtaroundthe Icon of the Blessed Virgin of the Rosary, the enlargement had necessarily to be three-dimensional (i.e. both in plan and elevation), to guarantee to everybody the same perspective look toward the main altar. This was extraordinary challenging for that time, when reinforced concrete was at the beginning of his history. Indeed, the structural designer conceived a sort of cage enveloping (even at foundation level) the old masonry structure (one nave, 420 m2, 18 m high) with a new one (three aisles, 2000 m2, 45 m high). Although the new r.c. structure was masked for the elements inside the church, bare r.c. elements can be found between the old vault and the new roof, and this could be useful to start a structural health monitoring.
Bridges in the townscape – poetics of the image
Authors: Bonenberg Agata
Published: July 2015

The bond between built environment and community is the essence of a city as a system. A system of bridges plays an important role as a visible sign and manifestation of adapting surroundings according to people’s needs and ambitions. In the following paper I discuss major determinants of perception of a bridge in a townscape, and subsequently, the poetics of this image. My paper concentrates on the following aspects: bridge as a source of information about urban space, as a factor of a cultural identity giving sense of territory, a symbol of prestige and an image of a place.
Assessment, Upgrading and Refurbishment of Infrastructures: ASCE 2013 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure
Authors: Herrmann Andrew W.
Published: July 2015

During his 38 years at Hardesty & Hanover, LLP, Herrmann has held many positions including structural detailer, structural engineer, project engineer, and associate engineer before becoming managing partner and then a principal. His experience includes design, inspection, rehabilitation, and construction along with managing some of the firm’s major fixed and movable bridge projects.
Abstract
On March 19, the American Society of Civil Engineers will be releasing the 2013 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure. The purpose of the 2013 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current condition of America’s infrastructure and to deliver the information in a concise and easily accessible manner. In fact, to make our report even more all-encompassing, we decided to add a new category this year, evaluating Ports for the first time. Using an easily understood school report card format, each of the 16 categories of infrastructure covered in the Report Card is assessed using rigorous grading criteria and the most recent aggregate data sources to provide a comprehensive assessment of America’s infrastructure.

To date, the ASCE Report Card has seen tremendous success. President Obama has mentioned our work in his State of the Union address, media coverage in high profile publications such as the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal continues to this day, and local leaders and decision makers across the country use the Report Card as the basis for talking about infrastructure investment. We fully expect that the 2013 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure will be the most successful Report Card to date, bringing with it renewed attention to the infrastructure debate.

The concept of a report card to grade the nation’s infrastructure originated in 1988 with the congressionally chartered National Council on Public Works Improvement report, Fragile Foundations: A Report on America’s Public Works. When the federal government indicated they would notbe updating the report after a decade, ASCE used the approach and methodology to publish the first Report Card on America’s Infrastructure in 1998. With each new report in 2001, 2005, 2009, and now 2013, the methodology of the Report Card has been rigorously assessed so as to take into consideration all of the changing elements that affect America’s infrastructure.

In 1988, when Fragile Foundations was released, the nation’s infrastructure earned a “C,” representing an average grade based on the performance and capacity of existing public works. Among the problems identified within Fragile Foundations were increasing congestion and deferred maintenance and age of the system; the authors of the report worried that fiscal investment was inadequate to meet the current operations costs and future demands on the system. Since 1998 ASCE has released five Report Cards and found each time that these same problems persist.
Stadsbrug Nijmegen
Authors: van der Horst Aad , Meijvis Peter , Timmerman Paul , van Berkel Rob , Wolvekamp Tristan
Published: July 2015

Due to heavy traffic around the city of Nijmegen there is a new city by-pass under construction including a new bridge over the river Waal. The city requested a City Bridge, which will allow a five lane crossing, a two lane-cycle path at the east side of the bridge and a 1.0 m wide inspection lane at the west side of the bridge. In the architectural ambition document from the city, the client also requested a convenient adjournment on and under the bridge. The main bridge over the river had to span at least 240 m, had to fit perfectly within the landscape and join the bridge family of the city. Life cycle and maintenance of infrastructure in this paper shows a different approach on the topic by presenting the design of an integral approach bridge. The structure is a new construction type, built with modern techniques and new materials with a design life time of 100 years and less maintenance costs. Completion of the bridge is scheduled for the end of 2013.
Structural assessment of the integrated steel fly-overs widening the historic multiple-arch concrete viaduct over the Pede valley
Authors: Schotte Ken , Stael Dries , Nagy Wim , De Pauw Bart , De Backer Hans , Van Bogaert Philippe
Published: July 2015

The 523 m long historic viaduct crossing the Pede valley in Belgium consists of 16 three-hinged reinforced concrete arches with a span of 32 m each and a maximum height of 20 m. With respect to the heritage structure, two additional lateral fly-overs consisting of steel box girders with variable hollow section are integrated in the existing viaduct. This paper shows the results of the detailed monitoring program verifying the design and behaviour of the newly built superstructure. Extensive strain measurements were performed during a two-day load test, together with acceleration measurements in order to evaluate the dynamic response of the structure. In addition long term strain monitoring is carried out in order to study the effect of temperature gradients on the closed steel box girders of the fly-overs.
Planning Infrastructure Documentation with Aerial Laser Scanning
Authors: Laefer Debra F.
Published: July 2015

Worldwide there are millions of bridges and overpasses that need documentation, inspection, and maintenance. Aerial laser scanning has the potential to assist in this process not only through the initial documentation stage but through the automated creation of three-dimensional, computational models and a further integration of that data with the surrounding environment. This paper outlines the difficulties related to effective vertical data capture for major infrastructure elements and recommends specific approaches towards a geometric optimization of this problem. Results of the current level of viability using a test area in Dublin, Ireland are included based on the application of this optimization.
Implementation of a Passive Control System in a Lively Footbridge
Authors: Caetano Elsa , Cunha Ávaro
Published: July 2015

The paper describes the studies developed for the assessment and mitigation of vibrations on a footbridge located in Portugal. The design of this steel arch footbridge with 60 m chord pointed to a lively behaviour that was investigated upon construction. The decision to install a passive control system based on two tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to mitigate vertical vibrations implied an experimental characterisation of the footbridge, the tuning of the TMDs and the verification of their efficiency, which are object of the present work.
Monitoring a ro-ro platform to prevent damage due to overloading
Authors: Opstal André , Spruit Rodriaan
Published: July 2015

A concrete loading platform started to show cracks after introduction of double stacked container loading onto the vessel. After repair works to the concrete top layer, a monitoring system has been installed to track the loading magnitude and frequency. The monitoring system is capable of warning both the owner and the operator of the platform in case of overloading.
Assessment and Optimization of RAMS-performance of Hydraulic Structures
Authors: Willems Arno , van der Wiel Wouter
Published: July 2015

Many of the Dutch hydraulic structures were designed and built between 1930 and 1950 with a life expectancy of about 50 to 80 years using the then-current standards and regulations. Signs of ageing are becoming more and more apparent. In this paper we present a sophisticated and practical way of judging and improving the performances of ageing hydraulic structures in terms of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS).
Hierarchical Bayesian Estimation of Mixed Hazard Models
Authors: Mizutani Daijiro , Matsuoka Kodai , Kaito Kiyoyuki
Published: July 2015

A variety of uncertainties affect the deterioration process of infrastructure. Deterioration rate is varying significantly according to the difference in the structural characteristics, use, and environmental conditions of infrastructures. The heterogeneity of structures causes the problem of overdispersion of the deterioration rate. In order to overcome the problem of overdispersion, the mixed Markov deterioration hazard model has been proposed considering the heterogeneity of deterioration rate among groups of infrastructures. In this study, it is assumed that the overdispersion depends on the heterogeneity of the deterioration rate among groups of infrastructures. Then, the mixed Markov deterioration hazard model that takes into account hierarchical heterogeneity is formulated, and a hierarchical Bayesian estimation method is proposed. The appropriateness of the proposed method is discussed through the empirical analysis of the visual inspection data of bridge slabs.
Assessment of bridges in aggressive maritime environment
Authors: Mandić Ivanković Ana , Franetović Marin , Radić Jure
Published: July 2015

Research on development of assessment procedures for existing bridges exposed to wind load will be presented in this paper. Both linear and the nonlinear methods are used and a probabilistic model of wind load is developed. The results were evaluated following the demands defined by current European design codes and specific location conditions. This procedure is validated by its application to major Adriatic arch bridges with spans ranging from 200 m to almost 400 m as a part of an extensive project to develop their appropriate maintenance strategy.
Reliability Assessment of Traffic Load Models on Road Bridges
Authors: Marková Jana
Published: July 2015

Comparative studies and probabilistic analyses revealed that the adjustment factors  of the Load model LM1 given in the nationally implemented Eurocode EN 1991-2 for traffic loads on bridges should be increased. Furthermore, the special vehicles based on the model LM3 is proposed in the Czech Republic for two groups of roads.
Impact on the Seismic Performance of Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Foundation by the Joint Mechanical Properties
Authors: An Tongxiang , Kiyomiya Osamu , Trung Nguyen Thanh
Published: July 2015

With its strong stiffness, large bearing capacity and trustworthy construction, steel pipe sheet pile structures are widely used as bridge foundations, especially for large scale bridges in cases where the bridge spans a river or a bay where the surface ground is very weak and the water is very deep. A typical bridge pier steel pipe sheet pile foundation is being discussed. The vibration behaviour and seismic performance of the bridge pier and the SPSP foundation were investigated by nonlinear dynamic response analysis by taking into account the effects of the mechanical properties of the joints. As a result, the joint mechanical properties affect the seismic performance of the SPSP structure and the pier that it supports sensitively.
Emerging Bridge Construction Industry of Bangladesh: Promise and Prosperity
Authors: Khorshed Alam S. M. , Nuruzzaman Abu Saleh Md.
Published: July 2015

Bangladesh is a least developed country which is trying to become a middle-income country by 2021. No doubt infrastructure like road network would play a vital role in ist economic development. Before the independence in 1971, small span bridges were constructed by the local engineering firms and the long span bridges were built by the foreign engineering firms since they were technologically advanced. Even after the independence most of the large bridges were also constructed by the foreign engineering firms; however, the scenario is gradually changing after the inauguration of Bangabondhu Multipurpose Bridge. Local engineering construction companies started to build box girder bridges of long span, deep water foundation and lowering pile cap at river bed level, etc. These firms are consistently demonstrating their improved capability more confidently. Although foreign engineering companies are still working in Bangladesh but they are working in collaboration with the local engineering firms, which is a clear indication of the capacity development of those local counter parts. This study would high light the gradual improvement of the competency in building complex construction works in Bangladesh and the correspondent impacts over the economic development.
Innovative Slip Form Method for the Construction of Tapered Concrete Pylon of Long-Span Cable Bridge
Authors: Chin Won Jong , Kim Young Jin , Kim Hee Seok , Yoon Hye Jin , Kim Byung Suk , Sim Jong Sung
Published: July 2015

The construction of the three-dimensional shaped pylons higher than 400 m requires very high technological degree. It is known that the application of the tapered slip form method for the erection of the concrete pylon of long-span cable bridges offers the advantage of being significantly faster than when applying the auto-climbing system (ACS) form method. Therefore, this study presents the development of an innovative slip form system for pylons with tapered cross-section suing lightweight GFRP panels. Surface wave inspection system is applied on the slip form system for the determination of slip-up time, wireless hydraulic control system is applied for auto rising, and GPS system is used to manage the configuration of pylon. A full-scale test bed was conducted to validate and verify the developed innovative slip form. The full-scale tapered concrete pylon has a hollow shaft and a height of 10 m. The sectional dimension is 4 m × 4 m at the foot and 3.77 m ×

3.6 m at the top. The experimental construction of the tapered pylon using the innovative slip form was conducted successfully. This system is the world’s first application of GFRP slip form panel.
Enhancing Visual-based Bridge Condition Assessment for Concrete Crack Evaluation Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Wi Huiju , Nguyen Vu , Lee Jaeho , Guan Hong , Loo Yew-Chaye , Blumenstein Michael
Published: July 2015

Condition assessment is one of the most essential practices in bridge asset management to maintain the safety and durability of structures. Routine bridge inspection, a visual-based method, is regularly performed by qualified inspectors to determine the condition of individual bridge elements manually using bridge inspection standards. However, the quality of a visual-based condition assessment relies heavily on the inspector’s knowledge and experience. The research presented here focuses on the development of an enhanced method to minimise the shortcomings of visual-based inspection. In this paper, we investigate the performance of RBF-kernel support vector machines (SVMs), a supervised machine learning technique, to increase the reliability of visual- based bridge inspection. The results of this study can contribute to minimising the shortcomings of current visual-based bridge inspection practices.
Long Span Road Bridges of Bangladesh: Design Concept Problem Faced and Lesson Learnt
Authors: Nuruzzaman Abu Saleh Md.
Published: July 2015

Bangladesh is situated on the biggest delta of Ganges and Bhramaputra river systems. Many rivers, distributaries and tributaries pass over this country. Due to these river systems, development of road network is very much difficult. During the last five decades 22,000 kilometers paved road network along with 18,000 bridges and culverts were built. Some of the large bridges are constructed over the major rivers with a length, close to one kilometer each. These major river systems require wider clear span for navigational purpose.

Bridge super structure design concept, problem faced and lesson learned are the integrated part of this study. Most of these bridges are made of concrete, and a very few are made of bolted steel truss. Due to the improvement of analyzing capacity and construction techniques, bridge designing concept has been changed over the last five decades, radically. It is assumed that this paper would be helpful in designing new bridges in Bangladesh with indigenous context.
Structural Design with Seismic Energy-Dissipation Concept
Authors: Takeuchi Toru
Published: July 2015

This paper introduces the concept of structural design using energy-dissipating members for elegant structures in seismic areas. Various example applications designed by the author are discussed.
Elegant Structures: Diagrids take to the Sky
Authors: Boake Terri Meyer
Published: July 2015

The word "diagrid" is a blending of the words "diagonal" and "grid" and refers to a structural system that is single thickness in nature and gains its structural integrity through triangulation. Diagrid structural systems have enabled significant transformation in the design of tall buildings. Diagrids are unique in their ability to assume all of the lateral and gravity loading of towers up to at least 50 storeys in height, eliminating the need for traditional columns and cores. Even in Supertall towers it is possible to reduce or eliminate dependence on the core in the top 15% to 30%, allowing for unique spatial opportunities.

The author presents a methodology for the design of diagrid structures based upon the systematic analysis of major buildings constructed from 2004 to the present as documented in her recent book "Diagrid Structures: Systems, Connections, Details" published by Birkhäuser in 2014.[1] The design of diagrid towers will be demonstrated as based upon primary choices in module size, member type, node design, function of the core and the desired expression in the fa9ade system. These translate into additional concerns of constructability and customized fabrication. Fire control systems will impact the ability to architecturally expose or conceal the steel, leading to detailing decisions.
Development of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bridges in USA
Authors: Grace Nabil , Bebawy Mena , Ushijima Kenichi
Published: July 2015

During the last two decades, ten highway bridges were built with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) components in the USA. Extensive research work and in-depth analysis were executed with the construction of each bridge to ensure both safety and longevity. Six bridges are instrumented with multiple deflection, strain, and load sensors that capture the response of the bridges under different traffic and environmental conditions. More than twelve years of field monitoring data is currently available and is being utilized in the development of national guidelines for the design and construction of highway bridges with CFRP reinforcement.
Parametric Simulation of Structural Silhouette for Hybrid Cable Bridges
Authors: Hong Namhee-Kim , Koh Hyun-Moo , Hong Sung-Gul
Published: July 2015

This study has focused on conceptual design of long-span cable bridges where parametric simulation of structural silhouette plays a key role. Specifically the generation of various structural silhouettes of hybrid cable system will be focused in this study. The term 'hybrid' refers to the combination of both suspension and cable-stayed bridges. The use of the hybrid system is to explore an innovative and unique structural shape for long-span of cable bridges. The main objective of this paper is to provide a framework for the parametric simulation for the exploration of structural forms of hybrid cable brudges considering the load path of cable-stays and hangers in conceptual design. The understanding of the load path for the hybrid cable systems will be made by relating the structural form and the corresponding force polygon using the static approach. Imposing the close relationship between a structural form and its structural behavior on the generation of design alternatives in early design stages, it will become easier to obtain structural silhouettes that are both visually and structurally sound. The design variables for the parametric simulation include geometric variables of major structural components and some variables that are sensitive to visual appealing. It is expected that this parametric simulation help develop an innovative structural silhouette considering multi-aspects including safety, sustainability, economy, and aesthetics.
Kuril Flyover - Elegant by Natural Solution
Authors: Rahman M. Azadur
Published: July 2015

Kuril 'flyover' is in reality a road-rail traffic interchange in Dhaka city which has been opened to traffic in August 2013. The interchange replaces two skewed major-major T-junctions across a multi-track railway level-crossing. The congested intersection has a projected ADT of 452 000 PCU in 2020. Complex road-rail traffic interaction, severe space constraint, generous railway clearance demand and height restriction by civil aviation authority offered a unique intersection problem with no standard solution. This paper describes development of a non-standard interchange solution and attempts to establish that elegant structures are the natural outcome of straightforward engineering. Core of the solution is an elegant central lake developed from a wetland, perimeter of which acts as a one-way traffic roundabout. The tributary left-merging traffic would arrive and depart by at-grade roads, or via 'flyovers' where obstructions such as railway and conflicting traffic streams exist.
Design of Arch and Transfer of Technology in Kintaikyo-Bridge
Authors: Tomioka Sawako , Tomoda Tomoo , Yoda Teruhiko
Published: July 2015

Kintaikyo-Bridge is a very special wooden five-span bridge with three arches across the Nishiki River, the largest river of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The central wooden rib arch is very rare in the world. Its structure has become a landmark because of its elegant beauty and harmony with the beautiful views of the surrounding area. It attracts many tourists. Rebuilding was carried out many times since its inauguration in 1673. The latest rebuilding was made in 2004 which was about 50 years after its previous rebuilding.

The original Kintaikyo-Bridge span length was close to the limit for construction techniques of wooden bridges at that time. In order to make a strong bridge against flood, the best mix of wood and stone was used. Arch structure was adopted in the superstructure, and hollow stone piers of spindle-shaped cross-section were adopted in the substructure. In this paper, the origin of the arch of Kintaikyo-Bridge is investigated because the arch is different from voussoir arch or corbel arch, resulting in amazing elegance.

In addition, the issue of transfer of technology in wooden structure was examined. This includes some serious problems with respect to the reduction of skilled carpenters who specialize in building wooden structures such as bridges, shrines and temples. A unique periodic inspection on Kintaikyo- Bridge conducted by Waseda University every five years since 1953 was introduced, in which the weight of local high school students was used as load.
The strength of weakness; the architectural potential of non-hierarchical load bearing
Authors: Manum Bendik , Rønnquist Anders , Mork John Haddal , Gunleiksrud Anders
Published: July 2015

This paper presents architecturally based structural design in the case of a pavilion built in Rjukan, Norway. The architectural idea for the pavilion was a three-dimensional timber grid. According to structural analyses, the proposed grid would not be sufficient for the actual spans. After discussing the architectural consequences of various structural principles, the load bearing was finally solved by simply introducing skylights above the largest spans. With their side walls, these skylights transfer the loads from the middle of the spans to the surrounding and stiffer parts of the grid. Thus, we avoided adding structural elements that would make the original grid secondary. Instead, the structural potential of the weak but numerous equal elements of the original grid is exploited to achieve a load bearing in accordance with the architectural intentions for the building, ensuring the three-dimensional timber grid being the architectural character also of the pavilion as built.
The Forms of the Reinforced Concrete Catholic Churches in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vertatova Eva , Pospisil Martin
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses forms, shapes and styles of the Catholic churches in the Czech Republic in the 20th and 21st century. One of the most conspicuous groups is of the functionalist churches with their distinctive horizontal and vertical lines (e.g. St. Vaclav, Prague). Other notable groups include: constructivism (e. g. Holy Heart of Jesus, Hradec Kralove), brutalism (e. g. St. Josef, Senetarov), deconstructivism (e. g. St. Vaclav, Breclav), minimalism (e. g. church of Our Lady in Cistercian abbey, Novy Dvur) and modern churches (e.g. St. Vaclav and St. Anezka, Hustopece; Helping Virgin Mary, Brno). The last group shows the universal application of reinforced concrete in sacral architecture (towers of the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Emauzy Abbey, Prague). The use of reinforced concrete in sacred architecture in the Czech Republic has revealed a variety of elegant forms and functions which enhance the experience of sacred space.
Temburong Bridge Brunei- Aesthetic Design to Principles of MIB
Authors: Hussain Naeem , Bin Hj. Mohsin Hj Marzuke , Chin Kok Kong , Carter Matt
Published: July 2015

The new 30km dual 2-lane highway across the Brunei Bay will connect the relatively undisturbed pristine natural reserve district of Temburong with the other three more developed districts of Brunei-Muara, Tutong and Belait. Improved connectivity will enhance the movement of labour, goods and services to and from Temburong, and will facilitate the development of eco-tourism and agriculture in the Temburong District.

The alignment crosses two navigation channels resulting in the need for two cable stayed bridges - the Brunei Channel Bridge (145m main span) and the Eastern Channel Bridge (260m main span). The towers of the cable-stay bridge form a natural gateway to and from Temburong.

The paper describes the design of the towers incorporating Brunei National Philosophy of MIB in it's architectural form. MIB stands for Melayu Islam Beraja (Malay Islam Monarchy)