bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL COMPETENCIES DEVELOPMENT AS A SUBPROCESS FOR BUSINESS STRATEGIES DEVELOPING BY DESIGN THINKING METHOD
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Bogoyavlenska Yuliya , Prokopchuk Maryna ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Vladimirtsev Volodymyr ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the peculiarities of the processes of digital transformation of business structures on the basis of the use of modern methods of organization. Based on a deep analysis, it is determined that the use of design thinking as a modern method allows creating viable business models, in particular digital, on the request of the target audience, with understanding that teams of organizations are not the target audience. Development of digital competencies for the organization of works related to the development of business strategies by design thinking proposed as the mandatory subprocess. In general, it is expedient to substantiate the need to develop and improve theoretical positions, methodological approaches and practical recommendations for digital transformation processes in business structures, highlighting the main features. Main factors that are directly related to the digital transformation of innovation processes are highlighted. In addition, special role is given to digital competencies development; specific features of aspects of design thinking are highlighted. The tasks solved is to research, analysis, substantiation and development of theoretical and methodological provisions, scientific and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for the rational organization of the process of digital transformation of business structures, so the concept of digital transformation in this article is highlihted. The digital skills framework for citizens, which is adapted to the national, cultural, educational and economic characteristics of Ukraine “Framework of digital competencies for EU citizens (DigComp 2.1.)”, and for business by levels of ownership (basic, medium and high) analyzed. It is proved that the introduction of digital technologies and aspects of design thinking affects the performance of the enterprise as a whole and the transformation of individual business models. It is proved that the spread and acceleration of digital transformation of business structures will have a positive impact on the digitalization of society as a whole and increase its efficiency through the use of digital technologies and digital competencies development in the digitalization of the economy.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONFECTIONARY MARKET OF UKRAINE DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Vasyl’tsiv Nadiya , Bolshechenko Anna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2022

The research is devoted to the study of Ukraine’s confectionary market during the pandemic period. The work describes dynamics of the amount of sold products by the main kinds of confectionary production in Ukraine. It is confirmed that the output of the main kinds of products in the confectionary industry of Ukraine has recently increased. In 2019, the figures reached UAH 58.733 billion, including 38.26% taken by production of the confectionary products made of cacao, chocolate and sugar. The article gives a list of Ukrainian companies, which are enlisted in the Global Top 100 Candy Industry. The SWOT-analysis of PJSC Roshen Confectionary Company is made. The main strategic goals of the SE Roshen Confectionary Corporation suggest establishment and strengthening of the company’s positions both as a number one producer and seller of food products in Ukraine; rise of profitability by managing the range of products and improving products quality; increase of the number of serviced regional markets and markets of neighboring countries. It is substantiated that the main competitors of Roshen TM are the companies producing similar products in Ukraine, namely Svitoch, AVK, Craft Foods Ukraine, MILLENNIUM, Konti, Zhytomyr sweets. It is marked that ROSHEN produces above 320 items of high-quality products. The range of products, produced by the corporation, including chocolate bars, biscuits, waffles, biscuit rolls, pastries, and cakes, is analyzed. It is confirmed that segmentation of the products market with specification of the groups of main consumers, particularly children, youth, middle-aged people, elderly, is an important aspect in production and sale. The author has conducted a marketing research on the assortment policy of the confectionary market consumer. It is determined that the largest share of consumers prefer MILLENNIUM TM products. It is studied that most consumers will recommend products of Roshen TM. It will secure growth of the number of consumers, brand recognition and extension of sales markets. The work names advantages of the trade mark, which are revealed in its optimal pricing policy, as almost all consumers are satisfied with the prices and quality of its products.
THE ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF THE REGIONAL STATE ADMINISTRATION ON THE FORMATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION
Authors:   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Kravchenko Mykola
Published: April 2022

The article substantiates the theoretical, methodological and practical provisions aimed at investment and innovation activities of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional State Administration on the formation of the region’s infrastructure in the context of decentralization. In accordance with the above, the theoretical and methodological aspects of investment and innovation activities of the regional state administration on the formation of the region’s infrastructure in the context of decentralization were considered; the current state of attracting investments in the development of the region’s infrastructure is analyzed; tasks and measures of attraction of investments concerning formation of infrastructure of the region are allocated; the prospects of attracting investments in the development of the region’s infrastructure are determined; the target installations of management of investment and innovation activity of the regional state administration concerning formation of infrastructure of the region in the conditions of decentralization are substantiated; public-private partnership is proposed as a tool to attract investment in the development of regional infrastructure; mechanisms for ensuring the development of innovative processes for the formation of the region’s infrastructure have been identified. In modern conditions, the impact of destabilizing factors of the external and internal environment is extremely acute, which requires special attention to the study of the problems of strengthening the economic security of the agricultural sector through territorial production systems. The mechanism of interaction between the government and agrarian business in the field of strengthening the economic security of the agricultural sector in foreign countries has been implemented for a long time and is constantly being improved. Socially significant problems, taking into account the growing needs of the population, remain a priority for the mechanism of public-private partnership and are addressed to strengthen the economic security of the agricultural sector. A distinctive feature of the interaction between government and business is how effectively state institutions and management of agrarian business can prevent internal and external threats and eliminate the harmful effects of certain negative components of the external and internal environment. The study is to conduct a detailed scientific and practical substantiation of ways to strengthen the economic security of the agricultural sector with the help of territorial production systems in Ukraine and identify areas for improvement of this sector of the economy.
DECARBONIZATION, DECENTRALIZATION AND DIGITALIZATION – THE KEY FACTORS OF MODERN ENERGY SECTOR
Authors:   Odesa National Economic University, Pudycheva Halyna
Published: April 2022

The main trends of the development of energy sector on the current stage due to the concept of “3D”, namely decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization, are considered in the article. The purpose of this article is to determine the relevance of these processes for the development of modern energy sector. To achieve this goal the author uses such general scientific research methods, as analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, abstraction and analogy, graphic analysis, etc. The dynamics of CO2 emissions in the world is considered by the author. As carbon emission has a significant impact on the climate changes, it is necessary to regulate the level of CO2 emissions in order to prevent irreversible changes. It is found that since the production of energy from fossil fuel is associated with carbon emission, in order to reduce this emission and achieve the target level, it is necessary to use renewable energy sources. The use of renewables allows autonomous supplying energy to enterprises and makes it possible to create a decentralized energy systems, transforming the market, which can be organized using the market model of P2P-tradingn (“Peer-to-Peer”). The concept of information technologies is determined based on the analysis of scientific literature. It is revealed that the development of information technologies in energy sector, namely “blockchain”, “AI” (artificial intellect), “IoT” (Internet of Things), “big data” and its management, etc. is taking place in accordance with the global trend of digitalization. Digitalization may allow to create the competitive environment in the energy market and to form prices and tariffs on the energy services based on the market principles. Moreover, use of information technologies may enable energy security and promote renewables use. The author shows that the combination of processes of decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization in energy sector makes it possible to create a special platform for organizing such P2P-trading on the energy market, to ensure its transparency and realization of interests of all participants.
TOOLS FOR PROMOTING RESTAURANT BUSINESSES ON SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Sabirov Oleksandr , Vishnikina Olena ,   University of Customs and Finance, Yazina Viktoriia ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the principles of successful development and functioning of domestic restaurant enterprises in modern conditions of using Internet marketing. One of the features of the marketing concept of modern markets for goods and services – is to improve the quality of goods and reduce costs for their manufacture and sale in the formation of long-term relationships with consumers. An important role is also played by information technology, which is changing the general approach to marketing. With this in mind, a new direction in marketing is formed and developed – innovative marketing, which is an important part of the existence of marketing. Innovative marketing is the marketing activity of companies using innovative techniques through innovative types of marketing. Internet marketing is a set of social and managerial processes aimed at meeting the needs of consumers on the Internet in the formation of supply and exchange of goods and services using information and communication technologies. The current state of development of domestic restaurant enterprises is highlighted. The characteristic features of modern Internet marketing in the hospitality industry and the characteristics and analysis of SMM are presented. One of the main problems is the lack of attention to social networks as effective and modern tools for promotion. The urgency of creating and developing Internet marketing tools for restaurants at the national and regional levels is considered and the need for their application in practice as a multi-element system that has a positive impact on the functioning of the national economy is substantiated. The restaurant industry is considered as one of the main determinants of the hospitality industry. Approaches to the use of SMM tools in the marketing activities of Ukrainian restaurant enterprises are indicated. The activity of restaurant enterprises is characterized and the methods of their promotion in social networks are determined. The problems of methods of promoting enterprises of the restaurant industry in social networks are identified and ways to improve methods of promotion in social networks are proposed.
APPLICATION OF A SYNERGETIC APPROACH IN WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Public Institution “Institute of Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development  of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Makovetska Yuliia , Shchulipenko Vira ,   Public Institution “Institute of Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development  of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”
Published: April 2022

The negative human activities occur at all levels – local, regional, national and global. The rapid transformation of the environment in recent years – climate changes, increased air emissions, pollution of water and soil, and the progressive accumulation of waste – has the significant negative effects. Therefore, traditional approaches and concepts of environmental and economic management are increasingly not sufficient to meet the challenges of today. The external environment has changed significantly and its uncertainty, mobility and aggressiveness have increased. Business-as-usual approaches and management technologies are increasingly off track. A synergistic approach offers new opportunities in the context of developing environmental safety in general and waste management in particular. The application of a synergetic approach to the theory and practice of environmental safety management, including waste management, which will combine the processes of external management and self-organization have been considered in the article. The importance of taking into account the synergetic effects in the field of waste management, due to the negative trends in this area is shown. The article reveals the features of synergetic systems and key management characteristics of such systems. It is shown that the circular economy at the macro level and the cluster at the micro level are complex nonlinear systems, for the control of which the provisions of synergetic should be applied. Different cluster structures are illustrated taking into account the increase of the synergetic effect. The development of a cluster from a single link (point of development) to an association in which all elements are interconnected by direct and feedback has been illustrated. Depending on the set of parameters, the cluster can change its content and form. The necessity of application of synergetic methods for effective waste management, in particular on a cluster basis is substantiated. The reasons due to which the synergetic effect is achieved when applying the cluster approach to waste management are determined.
TRENDS OF UKRAINIAN BANKING SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Maryna Anna , Yatsenko Elyzaveta ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: April 2022

The article considers the general trends of development of the banking sector of Ukraine during 2020–2021. In the course of research of scientific works on the analysis of the banking sector, it was found that there is a question of updating trends in the banking sector and resuming the search for competitive advantages for Ukrainian banks in accordance with modern market conditions. The modern structure of the banking system of Ukraine is considered. The ways of increasing the competitiveness of banking institutions in the conditions of European integration are outlined on the basis of the analysis of the state of the banking system of Ukraine. It was found that the recovery of the banking system through the elimination of unreliable banking institutions during 2014–2018 led to an increase in the overall stability of the banking sector, which in turn increased public confidence and allowed commercial institutions to increase the amount of deposits. The capitalization indicators, structure of assets and liabilities and efficiency of formation of resource base of top-10 most stable commercial banks of Ukraine according to the rating of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that the activity of the top-10 most stable commercial banks of Ukraine remains profitable, but there are some problems related to attracting resources. It is proved that in order to solve these problems, banks should pay more attention to improving the quality of the structure of retail deposits, which in turn will help maintain long-term liquidity. As a result of a study of the banking sector of Ukraine during 2020–2021, it was found that the previous recovery of the banking system by liquidating insolvent banks had a positive impact on the resilience of commercial banks, despite the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is determined that in 2020–2021 the credit policy of the vast majority of banks made it possible to increase the total number of assets through loans and stabilize the banking sector of Ukraine as a whole. It is established that in two quarters of 2021, banking institutions managed to increase the resource base by attracting deposits of individuals, but some banks to strengthen financial stability need to pay attention to increasing long-term liquidity by attracting term funds.
METHODS OF LEADERSHIP ASSESSMENT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Mayboroda Yuriy
Published: April 2022

The main objective of the paper is to find a universal, simple in calculation and comprehensive approach to measuring the state of economies in terms of their dominance at global goods and services market. The article proposes a method for assessing the global trade leadership of countries as a component of world economic leadership, based on the calculation of the complex indicator of global trade leadership (Global Trade Leadership Index). The importance of finding the approach to calculating the state of economies in global trade in goods and services is approved by the need for monitoring current changes in state of play at the global market especially with the growing role of Asian countries, and changes in positions of traditional leaders of global economy. Global trade leadership is seen as a component of global economic leadership, which characterizes the degree of economic dominance in the global market for goods and services. At the same time, special attention in assessing the positions of countries is drawn to key trends in world trade, such as the growing role of transnational corporations and high-tech exports in trade transactions. In addition, diversification of exports is considered as an indicator showing the state of the economy at the global market as it was previously revealed by foreign scholars. When choosing the subfactors based on which the index is calculated, the main criteria are their availability and comparability for different countries, as well as the index representation of both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of countries’ participation in international trade. The index is based on eight indicators that characterize the performance of trade, the degree of concentration of national exports, the position of national transnational corporations, and degree of freedom of trade and is calculated using benchmarking to analyze countries’ approach to world leadership in trade. Based on the proposed methodology, the index was calculated for the fifteen leading exporters of the world for 2019 and 2010, which allowed to determine the position of the world’s leading economies in world trade now and to conduct a retrospective assessment of global trade leadership.
Generación de conocimiento para la competitividad a través de los sistemas de innovación tecnológica: jerarquización de diversas organizaciones a través de los métodos multicriterio de ayuda para la toma de decisiones
Authors: Corona Armenta José Ramón , Montaño Arango Oscar , Medina Marín Joselito
Published: April 2022

La innovación y la competitividad se encuentran estrechamente relacionadas, ya que representan la oportunidad de producir artículos, mejorar procesos o desarrollar servicios que le permitan a una empresa entrar, obtener un segmento, consolidarse o permanecer dentro de en un mercado. La innovación tecnológica adquiere día a día una mayor relevancia. Sin embargo, es difícil determinar cuán innovadora es una empresa y poder compararla con otras empresas. Se propone determinar el potencial (capacidad instalada) de innovación tecnológica que tiene una organización. Este potencial relacionado con la innovación se determina a través de diversos métodos multicriterio para la ayuda en la toma de decisiones (mcda, por sus siglas en inglés). Como base se utilizó el modelo de Boly, el cual establece que la innovación tecnológica en las organizaciones está determinada por 13 factores a los que denominó “Las trece prácticas del pilotaje de la innovación tecnológica en las empresas”.
Control e información directiva: evaluación de la gestión
Authors: Vázquez Ávila Guillermo , Fernández Ocegueda José Luis
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como principal interés evidenciar avances en la gestión directiva y en la evaluación del desempeño, describiendo ésta como la búsqueda disciplinada de conocimiento, donde el juicio resultante presupone la analogía entre la información obtenida y el criterio de búsqueda para constatar, rectificar y perfeccionar el objeto o realidad evaluados y, por otra parte, la relevancia que tiene la alineación de una estrategia de negocio con un sistema de retribución para lograr la ejecución satisfactoria de la misma. Losresultados de la investigación, en su oportunidad, permiten plantear la posibilidad de desarrollo de un esquema sistémico que no solamente considere el control directivo y la revisión del plan de retribución, sino que atienda también la forma en que el mismo cambio organizacional deseado influye en el diseño de la visión, la misión y los valores de una empresa.
Transformar la información gubernamental en comunicación con la sociedad
Authors: Molina Martínez Rubén
Published: April 2022

La ausencia o el incumplimiento de estrategias gubernamentales en materia de información han propiciado un grave problema que se refleja en la inexistencia de comunicación entre gobierno y gobernados, con la consecuente pérdida de credibilidad y de confianza de la sociedad respecto de su gobierno. En este artículo se analizan los elementos que integran el proceso comunicacional y se proponen estrategias para que el gobierno no sólo transmita información a la sociedad, sino que logre una verdadera comunicación entre ambas partes.
El aprendizaje organizacional y la competitividad en una pequeña empresa: estudio de caso
Authors: Toledo González José Alejandro
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigación sobre el aprendizaje organizacional en una pequeña empresa bajo un proceso de innovación tecnológica. En él se efectúa un recorrido por las diversas teorías que lo estudian y se plantea la argumentación teórico-metodológica sobre la forma como puede ser abordado el problema del aprendizaje dentro de la empresa y la relación entre estructuras, subjetividades y acciones, para aprehender la configuración de significados de los sujetos sociales que se traducen en acciones diversas. Este tipo de aprendizaje se convierte en el inicio del ciclo de lo que se pudo identificar como el aprendizaje organizacional, el cual se convierte en una ventaja competitiva de la empresa en estudio, puesto que es la única en el país que cuenta con la tecnología avanzada que ha implementado para incursionar en los mercados internacionales.
Análisis de las competencias laborales desarrolladas a través de las asignaturas en línea en el área económicoadministrativa de la UPAEP
Authors: Rivero Villar Maria Josefina , Ramírez Murillo Laura Mayela , Ceja Ocegueda Salvador
Published: April 2022

En los últimos años la preocupación de la sociedad por vincular la educación con las necesidades de la empresa se ha visto reflejada en la formación basada en competencias, para generar una mayor competitividad, nuevas tecnologías y estándares de calidad y sobre todo desarrollar el talento humano que ésta demanda. De acuerdo con las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación, y recientemente con las tecnologías de aprendizaje y conocimiento, los cursos en línea representan una modalidad educativa que implica una mayor responsabilidad del alumno en su proceso de aprendizaje, así como su participación en grupos de trabajo. Se diseñó una investigación no experimental, cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal simple con el objetivo de analizar la efectividad de las competencias laborales que se desarrollan mediante los cursos en línea. Los resultados demuestran que estos cursos son un apoyo para formar competencias laborales, pero no de manera simultánea ni en la misma magnitud.
Innovación-competitividad, relación fundamental en el funcionamiento de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Heredia González Armando , Castillo Leal Maricela , Juárez León Senén
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar si es positiva o negativa la relación entre la innovación- competitividad en el funcionamiento de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas. Se realizó una revisión del campo del arte de la relación innovación-competitividad. En el modelo de investigación se investiga de qué manera la innovación-competitividad incide en el desempeño de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en el análisis del control de las variables lugar y estudios de los empresarios. Cuando se controla la variable lugar, las correlaciones aumentan reforzando los resultados obtenidos y sugiriendo los resultados obtenidos pueden ser obtenidos en lugares diferentes. Cuando se controla la variable grado de estudios del empresario, las correlaciones tienden a disminuir; en cambio, cuando se controlan las variables de maneraconjunta los coeficientes tienden a aumentar,lo cual refuerza la argumentación en torno a la variable lugar.
Worth and Competitiveness in Spain’s Furniture Sector
Authors: Maldonado Guzman Gonzalo
Published: April 2022

This paper has as main objective to analyze the effects of the manager’s worth in the competitiveness of the Spain furniture sector. The empiric analysis was done on a sample of 322 furniture producing companies in Spain with twenty or more employees. The results show the experience, abilities and the education have a positive impact in the manager’s performance. Also, the performance has a positive impact in the manager’s worth and this has a positive impact in the competitiveness of the companies that integrate the furniture sector
Reasoning Against Madness: Psychiatry and the State in Rio de Janeiro, 1830-1944. NY: University of Rochester Press, 2017. xi, 248 páginas.
Authors: Plotkin Mariano Ben
Published: April 2022

El libro reseñado aquí ofrece un análisis matizado y conceptualmente sofisticado de la emergencia y desarrollo histórico de lapsiquiatría en Río de Janeiro. Su foco está puesto en las complejas relaciones que se desarrollaron a lo largo de un siglo entre el saber y la práctica psiquiátrica, por unlado, y el Estado imperial así como otros protagonistas del el otro.
Un auteur dramatique et ses fantômes: Henri-René Lenormand, mangeur de rêves
Authors: Ohayon Annick
Published: April 2022

Henri-René Lenormand, l’un des plus grands dramaturges de l’entre-deux-guerres, est aujourd’hui presque oublié. Il fut un des premiers lecteurs français de Freud, et explique dans ses «Confessions» à quel point cela l’aida à comprendre les forces de l’inconscient, et la fatalité du destin. En 1922, il met en scène «Le mangeur de rêves», une pièce freudienne, en partie inspirée de sa propre vie. L’accueil réservé à cette œuvre par les contemporains est lié à leur position par rapport à la doctrine freudienne: fascination ou rejet.

Lenormand est un des premiers à poser cette question: que peut apprendre le théâtre de la psychanalyse, et à tenter d’y répondre dans toute son œuvre dramatique.
Experiencias Afectivas de Profesores de Educación Básica sobre su Proceso de Inserción Laboral Docente por medio de la Indagación Poética
Authors: Sánchez Felipe , Monge Verónica , Salas María Catalina , Scappini Romina
Published: April 2022

La presente investigación busca representar los aspectos afectivos de las vivencias de los profesores sobre sus primeros años de ejercicio docente. Para ello, se utilizó la metodología de Indagación Poética, una forma de Investigación Basada en el Arte que permite ampliar la perspectiva de análisis al considerar el componente afectivo ligado a la experiencia. Se transcribieron las narraciones sobre las experiencias de vida de cinco profesores de la Región Metropolitana de Chile en forma de poesía, para poder expresar de mejor manera lo dicho por ellos. Los resultados entregan una visión profunda de sus pensamientos, reflexiones y emociones, dando principal relevancia al rol de la motivación y la vocación, un componente afectivo fundamental para este periodo de constante aprendizaje, marcado por el bajo apoyo social y los cuestionamientos a la formación inicial docente. Se discuten tres elementos emergentes en los poemas: la soledad, la frustración y la perseverancia. Se concluye sobre el rol de los diferentes actores sobre el apoyo al malestar propio de este período.
Editorial
Authors: Santibáñez Cristian
Published: April 2022

Resumen
Are There Moral Hinges? ¿Hay bisagras morales?
Authors: Harré Rom
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Hinge philosophy has several versions – mine is based on the idea of a progression in Wittgenstein’s way of identifying ‘shaping’ forces on forms of life, from logic through grammar to hinges. I argue that hinges are like concepts – realised in hinge-practices which are possible, and expressed in (doppelganger) hinge-propositions, which are empirical. If there are moral hinges then the relevant hinge-practices must be matched by doppelgänger hinge-propositions which are empirical. This would be a direct challenge to Hume’s aphorism – one cannot deduce an ‘ought’ from an ‘is’ – though doppelgänger-hood is not deduction, its close. The paper proceeds to test the idea that hinge-philosophy undercuts Hume’s aphorism by examples – some from On Certainty, some not, for example ‘The world did not come into being a minute ago’ and ‘There are two sexes’, and so on. This leads to the question of whether prudence is a moral virtue, the Jane Fonda thesis.

Resumen: La filosofía de las proposiciones bisagras tiene varias versiones, identificándose la mía con la idea de una progresión en la forma en que Wittgenstein identifica las fuerzas básicas en las formas de vida, desde la lógica pasando por la gramática para llegar a las bisagras. Discuto que las bisagras son conceptos, encarnadas en prácticas bisagras que son posibles, y expresadas en proposiciones bisagras idénticas que son empíricas. Si hay proposiciones bisagras morales entonces las bisagras prácticas relevantes deben estar pareadas con proposiciones bisagras idénticas que son a su vez empíricas. Esto sería un desafío directo al aforismo de Hume: que no se puede deducir el “deber” de un “es”, aunque las propisiciones idénticas no son deducción. El trabajo testea la idea que la filosofía bisagra debilita el aforismo de Hume a través de ejemplos, algunos provenientes de Sobre la Certeza. Este trabajo nos lleva a la pregunta si acaso la prudencia es una virtud moral, conocida como la tesis de Jane Fonda.
Reconocimiento de emociones: Estudio neurocognitivo / Recognizing emotions: A neuro-cognitive study
Authors: Cereceda Danús Sofia , Pizarro Rodríguez Isabel , Valdivia Symmes Valeria , Ceric Francisco , Hurtado Esteban , Ibáñez Agustín
Published: April 2022

Esta investigación pretende estudiar la posible asociación implícita entre el procesamiento de estímulos emocionales de rostros y un contexto semántico específico. Se investigó utilizando el paradigma IAT, cuya muestra estuvo compuesta por 12 sujetos sin antecedentes psicopatológicos, entre 15 y 45 años de edad, de ambos sexos y diestros. La prueba IAT implicó la presentación de 20 estímulos de rostros felices y 20 de rostros enojados, junto con palabras agradables y desagradables, mientras al mismo tiempo se medía su actividad electroencefalográfica. Los hallazgos señalan que los tiempos de reacción de los sujetos, son menores en los bloques congruentes que en los incongruentes, por lo tanto, favorecen implícitamente la asociación congruente por sobre la incongruente. Además de lo anterior, se encontró que los ERPs tempranos presentaron una distribución temprana positiva para áreas anteriores (VPP) y negativa para posteriores (N170). En resumen, el IAT de emociones dio como resultado un fuerte y consistente efecto IAT a nivel comportamental, sugiriendo que existe una asociación a nivel intuitivo.

Abstract: This research aims to study the possible association between implicit processing of emotional faces stimuli and a specific semantic context. It was investigated using the IAT paradigm whose sample consisted of 12 subjects without psychopathological background, between 15 and 45 years old, of both sexes and right handed. IAT test involved the presentation of 20 stimuli, happy faces and 20 angry faces with pleasant words and unpleasant, while at the same time measuring electroencephalographic activity. The results indicate that the reaction times of subjects, are minor in the congruent, than in the incongruent blocks. Therefore, favor implicitly the congruent association over the incongruent one. In addition, it was found that early ERPs showed an early positive distribution for areas above (PPV) and negative for later (N170). In short, the IAT emotions resulted in a strong and consistent effect IAT behavioural level, suggesting that there is an intuitive level association.
Regulación argumentativa, revisión local y géneros discursivos escritos / Argumentative regulation, local revision and written discursive gender
Authors: Ruiz Lauira , Leitáo Selma
Published: April 2022

: Se estudian las variaciones que pueden presentar los procesos de auto-regulación del pensamiento que surgen a partir de la organización discursiva argumentativa del sub-proceso de revisión local según el género discursivo escrito que es producido. Se trata pues de un estudio que tiene como foco el papel de la argumentación en la constitución de procesos psicológicos en dominios particulares tales como la escritura. Desarrollos recientes en el campo de investigación psicológica de la escritura han señalado que el sub-proceso de revisión desempeña funciones no solamente de corrección del producto final de la actividad escrita (revisión global) sino que también regula la propia actividad de producción textual (revisión local). En esta investigación afirmamos que el sub-proceso de revisión local puede desempeñar funciones de regulación debido a su naturaleza discursiva, específicamente argumentativa, que permite que el individuo que se encuentra produciendo un texto, vuelva sobre lo ya escrito o lo que planea escribir y lo convierta en objeto de reflexión. Por otra parte, apoyadas en una concepción de la cognición como constituida por el lenguaje y reconociendo la heterogeneidad de organizaciones discursivas y su dependencia a respecto de las situaciones de producción, indagamos las particularidades que puedan existir en el proceso de revisión local dependiendo de si el género discursivo producido es un relato o un ensayo. 

Abstract: This study looks at possible variations in self-regulation processes of thought. These may arise from argumentative verbal organization of the local revision subprocess according to the written genre being produced. We therefore focus on the role of argumentation in the make-up of psychological processes within specific domains, such as writing. Recent developments in the field of psychology research in writing has pointed out that the sub-process of revision not only functions when correcting a final written product (global revision) but also regulates the activity of text production in itself (local revision). The present research sustains that the sub-process of local revision can execute regulatory functions due to its discursive, specifically argumentative, nature which allows the text-producing individual to go back over what has been written already or what he/she plans to write and make it the object of consideration. Furthermore, based on a concept of cognition as a linguistic construct, and recognizing the heterogeneous nature of discursive organization as contingent upon the production situation, we looked into the specific traits that may exist in the local revision process depending on the discursive genre being produced: story or essay.
Editorial
Authors: Santibáñez Yáñez Cristian
Published: April 2022

Resumen
El agresor en homicidios: Imaginario desde los padres y madres de las víctimas The aggressor in homicides: Imaginaries from fathers and mothers of the victims
Authors: Sosman Contreras Adriana , Ramírez Lema Alejandra
Published: April 2022

: El presente artículo se basa en la observación de la experiencia de taller grupal con padres y madres víctimas del homicidio de un hijo2 , desarrollado durante el año 2008 en el Centro de Asistencia a Víctimas de Delitos Violentos Zona Sur del Ministerio del Interior3 , institución de la cual las autoras formaron parte entre los años 2007 y 2009. Como objetivo se ha planteado “Develar los imaginarios sociales de padres y madres víctimas en torno a la figura del homicida de su hijo, mediante la estrategia de observación de segundo orden”. Para ello, se recurre a una metodología de observación de segundo orden, en acuerdo con los postulados sistémicos constructivas propuestos por Luhmann (1998). El resultado del análisis del imaginario social del agresor concluye en cuatro grandes distinciones (categorías) que colaboran, en tanto esquemas de distinción, en la construcción de los cuatro imaginarios. Cada imaginario del agresor es observado a partir de la configuración de posiciones que toman los padres frente a la víctima, al homicidio y en consecuencia frente al homicida de su hijo. En este contexto, se ha distinguido la construcción de cuatro imaginarios del agresor: intocable, culpable, cuerpo e indolente. Finalmente, estos imaginarios cobran relevancia como elementos imperceptibles de la realidad social, que crean realidades y tienen implicancias tanto en el duelo de los padres como en la intervención psicosocial que se puede llevar a cabo con ellos. 

Abstract: The present article is based on the observation of workshop group experiences by parents and mothers victims of a son homicide, developed during 2008 by the Assistance Center of Violent Victim Crimes South Zone Team of the Interior State Department, institution of which the authoresses were part between 2007 and 2009. The goal is to “Resolve the social imaginary of parents and mothers victims in relation to his son killer figure, by means of second order strategy observation”. The second order methodology observation, in agreement with the systemic constructive postulates proposed by Luhmann (1998). The result of the analysis of aggressor’s social imaginary shows four big categories. Each aggressor imaginary is observed from the positions that father/mother takes of the homicide and in consequence to the homicide of his son. Theses imaginary are: untouchable, guilty, body, indolent. Finally these imaginary take relevancy as imperceptible elements of the social reality, which create realities and implications have both in the duel of the parents as in the psicosocial intervention that can be carried out with them
Sobre pluralidad de modelos / On the plurality of Models
Authors: Saavedra Garretón Nicolás
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se aborda la pluralidad de modelos en la construcción de teorías científicas, asumiendo dicha pluralidad como una condición para la teorización fructífera. El tratamiento de este tópico es llevado a cabo tomando como base las propuestas de Max Black sobre modelos científicos, presentadas en su artículo Models and Archetypes. En esta referencia, Black caracteriza tres clases de modelo: analógico, matemático y teórico. Algunas de las distinciones introducidas por Black son aplicadas al contraste de nociones pertenecientes a dos teorías de corriente principal en el ámbito de la lingüística contemporánea: la lingüística generativa y la lingüística cognitiva. A partir de este contraste, se busca relativizar tanto el compromiso –aparentemente constitutivo– de estas teorías con el uso de ciertos tipos de modelo, como la resistencia de éstas al uso de modelos distintos. Esta relativización es introducida en función de las ventajas descriptivas y explicativas que un uso plural de modelos podría acarrear para las teorías en contraste.

Abstract: This paper tackles the plurality of scientific models in constructing scientific theories, assuming this plurality as a condition for fruitful theorizing. The treatment of this topic is carried out taking as a base Max Black’s proposals on scientific models, as presented in his article Models and Archetypes. In this reference, Black characterizes three classes of models: analogical ones, mathematical ones and theoretical ones. Some distinctions introduced by Black are applied to the contrast between notions pertaining to two mainstream theories in contemporary linguistics: generative linguistics and cognitive linguistics. From this contrast, the aim is to relativize both the – apparently constitutive – commitment of these theories with the use of certain kinds of models, and the rejection of models of a different kind. This relativization is introduced acPRAXIS. Revista de Psicología Año 13 Nº 19 (75-96), I Sem. 2011 ISSN 0717-473-X 76 cording to the descriptive and explicative advantages that a plural use of models may entail for the contrasting theories.
Mobbing en trabajadores españoles y latinoamericanos: un estudio exploratorio con el LIPT-60 / Workplace bullying in Spanish and Latin-American workers: an exploratory study with the LIPT-60
Authors: González-Trijueque David , Delgado Sabino
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se lleva a cabo un estudio piloto sobre la percepción del acoso laboral que han sufrido trabajadores españoles y trabajadores latinoamericanos que han acudido en busca de ayuda a la “Plataforma contra los Riesgos Psicosociales y la Discriminación Laboral de la Comunidad de Madrid” (PRIDICAM) durante el periodo 2006-2011. Para ello se ha contado con una muestra de 50 víctimas españolas y otra de 50 víctimas latinoamericanas. Todos ellos cumplimentaron el LIPT-60 (Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization). Los resultados obtenidos indican que los trabajadores latinoamericanos perciben mayor número de conductas de acoso así como una mayor intensidad en el acoso percibido que los trabajadores españoles. Asimismo, los trabajadores latinoamericanos informan sobre mayores niveles de intimidación manifiesta, desprestigio laboral y desprestigio personal. La importancia del estudio propuesto radica en los alarmantes datos de tipo epidemiológico hallados hasta la fecha en cuanto al acoso laboral y en las considerables consecuencias que supone dicho fenómeno tanto a nivel organizacional como individual.

Abstract: In this article a pilot-study is carried out on the perception of the workplace bullying that there have suffered Spanish and Latin-American workers who have come in search of help to the “Platform against the Psychosocial Factors and the Labour Discrimination of the Community of Madrid” (PRIDICAM) during the period 2006- 2011. A sample of 50 Spanish victims and other one of 50 Latin-American victims are considered. All of them completed the LIPT-60 (Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization). The obtained results indicate that the Latin-American workers perceive major number of harassment behaviours as well as a major intensity in the perceived workplace bullying than the Spanish workers. Likewise, the Latin-American workers report on higher levels of manifest intimidation, loss of professional prestige and loss of personal prestige. The importance of the study lies in the alarming epidemiological data about mobbing found to date and in the considerable consequences this phenomenon involves, at the organizational and individual levels.
Responsibility and responsiveness Responsabilidad y sensibilización
Authors: Govier Trudy , Werwoerd Wilhelm
Published: April 2022

Abstract: In contexts where the reconciliation of previously contending parties is a goal, the terms ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’ can be polarizing and counter-productive. There is a need for a more nuanced framework that goes beyond primary levels of involvement. For ‘victims,’ this point is well recognized. Secondarily involved are family members and other close affiliates of the harmed person, while the tertiary level is that of community members harmed individually or collectively. For ‘perpetrators,’ the extension of involvement from primary to secondary and tertiary levels is less often discussed. An analogous framework of primary, secondary and tertiary participation or “perpetrators” is developed, based on degrees of causal and moral responsibility for actions committed in a violent political conflict. The additional roles of bystanders and beneficiaries are also clarified. The framework furthermore extends the meaning of responsibility beyond causal responsibility to include a counterpart account of forwardlooking ability to respond or ‘response-ability.’ The article concludes with responses to a series of possible objections to this more complex framework regarding responsibility.

Resumen: En contextos en los que la reconciliación es una meta entre partes que estaban previamente en contienda, los términos ‘víctimas’ y ‘victimarios’ pueden ser polarizantes y contra-intuitivos. Por esta razón, existe la necesidad de un marco más adecuado que vaya más allá de los niveles primarios de vínculo entre partes en conflicto. Para las ‘víctimas’ este es un hecho conocido. Cabe recordar que en el vínculo de segundo orden se encuentran miembros de la familia u otros cercanos a la persona dañada, mientras que un tercer nivel está compuesto por los miembros de la comunidad dañados individual o colectivamente por el conflicto. En torno a la idea de ‘victimarios’, a extensión del vínculo desde un nivel primario a uno secundario y luego terciario se discute menos en la literatura. Aquí se desarrolla un marco análogo para nivel de participación primaria, secundaria y terciaria de ‘victimarios’, basado en grados de responsabilidad causal y moral respecto de acciones cometidas en un conflicto político violento. Los roles adicionales de observadores y beneficiarios también son clarificados en este marco. Este trabajo además extiende el significado de responsabilidad más allá de lo causal para incluir la perspectiva de la contraparte en tanto ‘habilidad de respuesta’. Este artículo concluye con una respuesta a una serie de objeciones posibles a este marco más complejo en relación con la responsabilidad.