bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cadrer les définitions du cadrage : une recension multidisciplinaire des approches du cadrage médiatique
Authors: Lemarier-Saulnier Catherine
Published: March 2017

Media framing is a ubiquitous concept in studies of political mediatization. This article proposes to present the diverse approaches and research traditions that employ this polysemic concept, notably by establishing differences between studies related to sociology and those related to psychology. First, it focuses on the particularities and limits of each of these great research traditions on media framing. Then, it proposes a distinction between notions of framing and frames.
L’industrie canadienne de la télévision face au développement du multi-écrans
Authors: Tapp Fanny-Ève , Bélanger Pierre C.
Published: March 2017

This study investigates the current state of Canadian broadcasting in a multiscreen context. Following a series of interviews with industry professionals, we present a summative evaluation of multiscreen innovations in order to assess how the latter influence current business models based on various theories of innovation relevant to the Canadian television industry. We elaborate on the coupling of a traditional medium with mobile digital screens to better understand the industry as it is today as well as the tangent it is embarking upon for the future.
Essence, Absence, Uselessness: Engaging Non-Euro-American Rhetorics Interologically
Authors: Mao LuMing
Published: March 2017

Using the carpenter story from the Zhuangzi as a representative anecdote, the article argues that the art of re-contextualization is interological in orientation and transformative in practice. Drawing on the rhetoric of Dao, it further sketches out the discursive affinities between the art of re-contextualization with its focus on “facts of usage” and “facts of non-usage,” on the one hand, and the interological sensibility marked by the presence of interbeing and becoming, on the other. The article ends by calling on transcending binary logic and developing new terms of engagement for non-Euro-American rhetorics.Cet article se rapporte à la parabole du charpentier selon Zhuangzi comme anecdote pertinente pour soutenir que l’art de la recontextualisation est interologique en orientation et transformatif en pratique. L’article d’autre part a recours à la rhétorique du Dao afin de décrire les affinités discursives entre, d’une part, un art de la recontextualisation mettant l’accent sur les « faits d’utilisation » et les « faits de non-utilisation » et, d’autre part, une sensibilité interologique marquée par la présence de l’interêtre et du devenir. L’article se termine par l’affirmation qu’il faut transcender une logique binaire et trouver une nouvelle manière d’aborder les rhétoriques qui ne sont pas euro-américaines.
Testurō Watsuji’s Theory of Betweenness, with a Focus on the Two-Person Community1
Authors: Higaki Tatsuya
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the problem of betweenness that Tetsurō Watsuji describes in his book Ethics. There, he takes up the very special theme of the two-person community, which seems to be a kind of solipsism-space constituted by two persons closely related to each other. But this contains the possibility, for Watsuji, to develop an examination of the intensive space known as MA, which is not only a subject matter of comparative cultural studies, but also of philosophy.
Interality as a Key to Deciphering Guiguzi: A Challenge to Critics
Authors: Wu Hui , Swearingen C. Jan
Published: March 2017

This article applies interality as a hermeneutic to a reassessment of Chinese rhetorical practice influenced by Guiguzi, China’s earliest treatise on the art of persuasion. Continuing controversy in Western studies and translations surrounds both Chinese rhetoric and the rhetorical value of Guiguzi. Using an ancient model for persuasion allegedly exemplifying the rhetorical principles in Guiguzi, this study proposes that Guigucian rhetoric requires critics to revise their understanding of relational rationality in several interalial interactions: among rhetorical contexts, as manifest in non-linear but nonetheless interrelated components of discourse, as reflected in an explicit awareness of change and space, and as an emphasis on human relationships in Master Guigu’s forms of logic and teaching of persuasion.
From Outbreak to Pandemic Narrative: Reading Newspaper Coverage of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic
Authors: Gerlach Neil Allen
Published: March 2017

Using framing analysis, this article explores how the English language press organized coverage of the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. The coverage began with a standard “outbreak” narrative that defined the problem in terms of “primitive” lifeways and inadequate humanitarian aid. However, after the World Health Organization declared an international emergency and after Ebola carriers began to appear in the West, the framing changed toward a “pandemic” narrative that shifted attention away from medical solutions, humanitarian aid, and national safety toward government and military action, biosecurity, and the global species network. This change in the press narrative makes sense to populations in the West because they increasingly live within a “pandemic culture” that has become characteristic of globalized societies.
Citizen Involvement during the CRTC’s Let’s Talk TV Consultation
Authors: Luka Mary Elizabeth , Middleton Catherine
Published: March 2017

The authors analyze citizen engagement efforts undertaken by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) between 2013 and 2015, under the aegis of the Let’s Talk TV (LTTV) initiative. They explore whether and how input provided by citizen-consumers during LTTV demonstrates activism through engagements in policy discussions. The article first delineates the timing and scope of activities conducted by the Canadian regulator to involve individual Canadians in reshaping digital television services. The CRTC’s early decisions are then compared to the authors’ analyses of input from hundreds of people invited to answer the CRTC’s general questions online. Comparing the decisions made to date with citizen-consumer responses, the article points to contradictions and disconnects between the authors’ findings and the CRTC’s initial decisions.
Social Innovation Partnerships: An Opportunity for Critical, Activist Scholarship
Authors: Smith Karen Louise
Published: March 2017

From 2013–2015, I was a Mitacs Elevate postdoctoral fellow with Mozilla. The program of research aimed to foster digital literacy capacities among youth and informal educators in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and specifically examined the extension of the Mozilla community’s free and open source software production practices to build a digital literacy network called Hive Toronto. This article presents results from a document analysis (n = 21) of applications, blogs, and other materials revealing how the people, challenge, practices, and results associated with social innovation unfolded through research with Hive Toronto. Based on these findings, the article demonstrates that tensions linger between industrial and social innovation funding, but that there is space for critical and activist research when building such partnerships.
The Landscape of the Contemporary University
Authors: Turk James L.
Published: March 2017

Universities are being fundamentally transformed—facing formidable external and internal pressures to focus research on what is deemed practical and economically beneficial and to narrow education to preparing students for the job market. The university’s traditional mission is being compromised by underfunding, by policies of Canada’s research funding agencies, by inappropriate university research collaborations, and by growing reliance on exploited contingent academic staff. Diminished academic freedom and ineffective collegial governance both contribute to and are the results of these changes. Academic staff can work to reverse this. A start is to reclaim their voice in governance through creative use of collective bargaining, to reinvigorate academic freedom through exercising their collective agreement rights, and to engage the public in what is happening within universities.
Estridor en neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxica sometidos a hipotermia terapéutica
Authors: Castaño-Jaramillo Lina María , Mesa-Muñoz Catalina , Giraldo-Ardila Natalia , Vásquez Trespalacios Elsa María
Published: March 2017

Introducción: la hipotermia terapéutica para el tratamiento de la encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica ha demostrado reducción en la mortalidad y secuelas neurológicas, dentro de los eventos adversos asociados a esta terapia se ha descrito la presencia de estridor.

Objetivo: describir las características y la incidencia de estridor en un grupo de neonatos sometidos a hipotermia terapéutica para encefalopatía hipóxica.

Resultados: en 34 neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica sometidos a terapia con hipotermia en una unidad neonatal, se encontró predominio del sexo masculino y de encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica clasificación Sarnat II, de los cuales 12 neonatos (35.3 %) presentaron estridor. En total 7 de los 34 pacientes recibieron esteroide previo a la extubación y sólo 1 de ellos presentó estridor (14 %). Los pacientes que no recibieron esteroide previo a la extubación presentaron estridor en 40 % de los casos. De los pacientes que desarrollaron estridor, el 33 % requirió intubación por esta causa.

Conclusiones: nuestra serie de casos no encontró diferencias con el uso de adrenalina o esteroides previo a la extubación para la prevención de estridor en pacientes con hipotermia; además se presentaron 2 casos de estridor en pacientes sin manipulación previa de la vía aérea, lo que soporta que el mecanismo inflamatorio no es el único involucrado en el estridor en los pacientes sometidos a hipotermia terapéutica.
Costo utilidad en Colombia del uso de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales comparados con los antagonistas de la vitamina K para la prevención de discapacidad por ataque cerebrovascular en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular
Authors: Vargas-Gonzalez Juan-Camilo , Colina Murillo Maryam Natali , Fajardo Torres Jonathan Alexis Fajardo Torres
Published: March 2017

Objetivos: establecer si en Colombia en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FA) el uso de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales (NACO) son costo útiles cuando se comparan con los antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK), para el desenlace de ataque cerebrovascular (ACV)

Métodos: estudio de costo utilidad, mediante un proceso de Markov, cuyo desenlace se estimó en términos de años de vida ajustados por calidad (AVAC), comparando NACO como grupo contra AVK. Se realizó revisión sistemática para obtener estudios de la literatura. Se evaluaron 4 estados que fueron: ACV, independiente, dependiente y muerte; adicionalmente se evaluaron complicaciones no cerebrales. Se simuló una cohorte, iniciando a los 60 años con un horizonte temporal de 24 años. Se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad.

Resultados: se hallaron 3 estudios que cumplían criterios de inclusión. En el análisis de costo utilidad encontramos un incremento de AVAC de 0,28 años con un costo incremental de $10.559.367 de los NACO respecto a AVK con una razón de costo efectividad incremental (RCEI) de $38.394.817, lo cual está dentro del umbral de disponibilidad a pagar. Los análisis de sensibilidad mostraron que los NACO solo se hacen costo efectiva con tasas de descuento bajas o con horizontes temporales de 19 años o más. La principal fuente de variabilidad fue el costo de los NACO

Conclusiones: los NACO son una alternativa costo útil a los AVK para pacientes con FA bajo los supuestos de nuestro modelo.
Epilepsia y síndrome dismórfico asociado a cromosomopatía hereditaria ligada al cromosoma X, tipo micro-duplicación
Authors: Rubio Rodríguez Wolfang , Torres Zambrano Martín , Conde Cardona Giancarlos , Caraballo Aldo , García Meléndez Margarita , Polo Verbel Luis , Gamero Tafur José Andrés , Torres Sandoval Juan
Published: March 2017

Los hallazgos de síndromes dismórficos asociados a cromosomopatía ligada a X y epilepsia son de presentación infrecuente. Presentamos un caso de alteración genética en un paciente masculino, con microduplicación ligada al cromosoma X MECP2 y antecedente familiar de hermano con fenotipo similar, que comparten línea sanguínea materna, de diferentes padres. El síndrome dismórfico ligado a cromosoma X MECP2 (methyl-CpG-binding protein2), causan grave retraso mental, encefalopatía epiléptica e infecciones recurrentes del aparato respiratorio y consecuentemente pueden además tener una epilepsia resistente al manejo farmacológico.
Lesión esplénica reversible con encefalopatía/encefalitis leve (MERS)
Authors: Duarte Moreno Marvid Sol , Bobadilla Quesada Edna Julieth , Vásquez Hoyos Pablo , Roa Giraldo Juan David
Published: March 2017

El síndrome de lesión esplénica reversible (RESLES) corresponde a una lesión transitoria presente en un espectro de entidades con características clínicas y radiológicas definidas con buen pronóstico. La lesión esplénica reversible con encefalopatía/encefalitis leve (MERS) hace parte de este grupo de enfermedades. Presentamos el caso de una niña con un cuadro clínico que inicia con un pródromo febril y evoluciona hacia alteración de estado de conciencia. Se realiza resonancia magnética (RMN) cerebral simple que muestra lesión en el esplenio del cuerpo calloso hipointensa en T1 e hiperintensa en T2 y FLAIR, con restricción en la difusión y mapa de ADC. La sintomatología y los hallazgos radiológicos se resolvieron a partir de las 4 semanas. El cuadro clínico y el curso imagenológico de este caso corresponde a un cuadro típico de MERS. Esta entidad tiene baja incidencia y es poco conocida en nuestro país, razones por las cuales el diagnóstico es difícil en la mayoría de los casos.
Mutaciones heterocigóticas en el gen de la ?-galactosidasa A en dos pacientes con ACV criptogénico
Authors: Peña-Guzmán Laura Lucia , Rodriguez-Quintana Jesús Hernán , Ojeda-Moncayo Clímaco Ernesto
Published: March 2017

La enfermedad de Fabry es una enfermedad genética con herencia ligada al cromosoma X recesiva, en la que se encuentra afectada la actividad de la enzima lisosomal a-galactosidasa A (GLA), con acumulación de diferentes metabolitos como la globotriaosilceramida (GL 3) y la globotriaosilceramida deacilada (liso GL 3), responsables de la disfunción multiorgánica y de las diversas manifestaciones fenotípicas, comprometiendo principalmente: sistema nervioso, piel tracto gastrointestinal, corazón y riñón.
La manifestación neurológica más temprana es el dolor neuropático, sin embargo se pueden encontrar síntomas gastrointestinales, en piel y ojo, mientras que el daño renal y cardiaco se presentan como manifestaciones tardías al igual que el ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) que se presenta en la adultez.
A continuación presentamos dos casos clínicos de pacientes con ACV criptogénico con mutaciones hetero-cigotas en el gen de la a-galactosidasa A
Miastenia gravis seronegativa: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Pretelt Felipe , Millán Sonia Patricia , Novoa Mónica María
Published: March 2017

En 1976 se identificaron varios anticuerpos dirigidos contra el receptor de acetil colina en el suero de los pacientes con miastenia gravis (MG). Sin embargo, luego de unos años, se evidenció que aproximadamente el 20 % de los pacientes con MG generalizada y con evidencia electrofisiológica de un trastorno de la unión neuromuscular, no expresan dichos anticuerpos por radioinmunoensayo (RIA); éstos constituyen los casos de miastenia gravis seronegativa (MGSN). El diagnóstico en estos pacientes es difícil, dada la ausencia de autoanticuerpos detectables en suero y la falta de estudios neurofisiológicos sensibles. Recientemente un nuevo método basado en ensayos celulares muestra un aumento significativo en la detección de miastenia seropositiva, en casos diagnosticados previamente como seronegativos. Este artículo pretende dar un abordaje sobre la fisiopatología de la miastenia gravis seronegativa, así como una actualización de los últimos avances sobre su diagnóstico. También busca hacer una revisión sobre el contexto general actual de esta patología en Colombia.
Predictores clínicos y de imagen funcional con 99tecnecio - sestamibi para diferenciar el grado de malignidad en gliomas cerebrales
Authors: León Castellón Roberto , Gómez Viera Nelson , Salva Camaño Silvia , López Díaz Adlin , Castro Jiménez Mayte , Martín Escuela Juan Miguel
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN:
Los gliomas son los tumores primarios más frecuentes del Sistema Nervioso Central. La tomografia de Emisión de Fotón Único (SPECT) es una técnica de imagen funcional que nos permite acceder a información molecular y diferenciar los gliomas entre sí y de otras entidades nosológicas.. De ello depende la estrategia terapéutica a emplear y el pronóstico en estos pacientes.

OBJETIVO:
determinar la utilidad de las características clínicas de los pacientes al ingreso y de la SPECT cerebral con 99Tc-MIBI para diferenciar el grado de malignidad de los gliomas cerebrales.

PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS:
estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo realizado en pacientes del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" y del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García" durante el período mayo 2012 - febrero 2015. La muestra quedó constituida por 102 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de glioma cerebral y con estudio de SPECT Cerebral con 99mTc-MIBI.

RESULTADOS:
Los principales síntomas y signos, así como el índice de Karnofsky al ingreso no mostraron diferencias significativas respecto al grado de malignidad de los gliomas cerebrales estudiados. Los pacientes con gliomas de alto grado se caracterizaron por una elevación de todos los índices tumorales, así como de la cuantificación de la actividad, concentración volumétrica del 99mTc-MIBI para ambas fases, aunque más marcado para la fase tardía e índice de retención. El Indice tumor corteza contralateral en fase tardía mostró una sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo de 98,9%, 94,0%, 63,0% y 99,0% respectivamente para diferenciar el grado de malignidad de los gliomas cerebrales. La razón fase tardía/fase temprana del índice tumor/corteza contralateral mostró valores de sensibilidad de 94,1%, especificidad de 98,5%, valor predictivo positivo de 98,7% y valor predictivo negativo de 98,8%. El índice de retención del radiofármaco tuvo una sen-sibidad de 99%, especificidad de 89%, y valores predictivos positivo y negativo de 95% y 99% respectivamente.

CONCLUSIÓN:
La combinación de: Indice tumor corteza contralateral en fase tardía, razón fase tardía/fase temprana del ÍNDICE tumor/corteza contralateral y el índice de retención del radiofármaco son los parámetros más útiles para predecir el grado de malignidad de los gliomas cerebrales utilizando la SPECT con 99mTc-MIBI.
Cefalea en el adulto mayor: experiencia de una serie de 727 pacientes en el Hospital Universitario San José Infantil de Bogotá
Authors: Ramírez García Sergio Francisco , Mariño Jennifer Nathalie , Hernández José Fernando , Vargas Juan Diego , Moreno Julio , Roa Luis Fernando , Castillo Gabriel Augusto
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN:
Dentro de los estudios poblacionales el grupo de adultos mayores es el de mayor crecimiento y Colombia no está ajena a dicha tendencia, por tanto el estudio de la cefalea en el adulto mayor (>65 años) es un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico en neurología. Aunque las cefaleas primarias son las más prevalentes, es importante resaltar que hay un incremento de las causas secundarias.

OBJETIVO:
Determinar la etiología de la cefalea primaria y secundaria en mayores de 65 años y sus características en el Hospital Universitario San José Infantil (HUSJI) de Bogotá en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2015.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias clínicas, en el que se determinaron las causas de cefalea primaria y secundaria según la Clasificación Internacional de Cefalea, tercera edición (IHS) y algunas de sus características. La búsqueda de estos pacientes se realizó mediante el servicio de estadística y epidemiología del hospital así como bases propias del servicio de neurología.

RESULTADOS:
Se incluyeron 727 pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias y hospitalización y que fueron valorados por el servicio de neurología, la edad promedio fue de 72,4 años, con una mayor prevalencia de cefalea en mujeres (70,4 %) con respecto a hombres (29,6 %). De estos 352 (48,42 %) cumplían criterios para cefalea primaria (CP) y 375 (51,58 %) para cefalea secundaria (CS). Las causas más frecuentes de cefalea secundaria fue la cefalea atribuida a desórdenes vasculares craneales o cervicales (CADV) 30 %, cefalea atribuida a desórdenes de la homeostasis (CADH) 23 %, cefalea atribuida a desórdenes del cuello (CADC) 15, 7 %. Las causas más frecuentes de cefalea primaria fueron la migraña sin aura (MSA) 34 %, migraña con aura (MCA) 26 % y cefalea tipo tensión (CTT) 21 %.

CONCLUSIÓN:
En el Hospital San José infantil encontramos una alta frecuencia de cefalea secundaria. Las causas secundarias en especial las vasculares y metabólicas siempre deben ser buscadas en este grupo de pacientes.
Estimulador del nervio vago, ¿se puede quedar libre de crisis?, presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Vergara Jean Paul , Mayor Luis Carlos , Forero Edwin
Published: March 2017

La estimulación del nervio vago es una técnica aprobada por la FDA, para epilepsia focal refractaria.
Presentamos un caso de un paciente, con epilepsia de probable origen frontal, el cual cumplió criterios para epilepsia refractaria, y fue llevado a implantación de estimulador del nervio vago, quedando libre de crisis.
Erratum
Authors: Editorial E
Published: March 2017

In the Editorial 1 published in the first (January) issue, 2017, of the
Vojnosanitetski pregled, there was an error in the surname of one of the
reviewers. In the Table 2 in which names of reviewers of the Journal in 2016
were given, on the page 7, 4th column right, the name of a reviewer Vanovic
Mirjana should have read as Zivotic-Vanovic Mirjana.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/VSP1701005D
High-Intensity Exercise as a Dishabituating Stimulus Restores Counterregulatory Responses in Recurrently Hypoglycemic Rodents
Authors: McNeilly Alison D. , Gallagher Jennifer R. , Huang Jeffrey T.-J. , Ashford Michael L.J. , McCrimmon Rory J.
Published: March 2017

Hypoglycemia is a major adverse effect of insulin therapy for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Profound defects in the normal counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia explain the frequency of hypoglycemia occurrence in T1D. Defective counterregulation results to a large extent from prior exposure to hypoglycemia per se, leading to a condition called impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), the cause of which is unknown. In the current study, we investigate the hypothesis that IAH develops through a special type of adaptive memory referred to as habituation. To test this hypothesis, we used a novel intense stimulus (high-intensity exercise) to demonstrate two classic features of a habituated response, namely dishabituation and response recovery. We demonstrate that after recurrent hypoglycemia the introduction of a novel dishabituating stimulus (a single burst of high-intensity exercise) in male Sprague-Dawley rats restores the defective hypoglycemia counterregulatory response. In addition, the rats showed an enhanced response to the novel stimulus (response recovery). We make the further observation using proteomic analysis of hypothalamic extracts that high-intensity exercise in recurrently hypoglycemic rats increases levels of a number of proteins linked with brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. These findings may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for individuals with T1D and IAH.
Advances in biotechnology: Genomics and genome editing
Authors: Gartland Kevan M.A. , Dundar Munis , Beccari Tommaso , Magni Mariapia Viola , Gartland Jill S.
Published: March 2017

Genomics, the study of genes, their functions and related techniques has become a crucial science for developing understanding of life processes and how they evolve. Since the advent of the human genome project, huge strides have been made in developing understanding of DNA and RNA sequence information and how it can be put to good use in the biotechnology sector. Newly derived sequencing and bioinformatics tools have added to the torrent of new insights gained, so that ‘sequence once and query often’ type DNA apps are now becoming reality. Genome editing, using tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease or Cpf1 nuclease, provide rapid methods for inserting, deleting or modifying DNA sequences in highly precise ways, in virtually any animal, plant or microbial system. Recent international discussions have considered human germline gene editing, amongst other aspects of this technology. Whether or not gene edited plants will be considered as genetically modified remains an important question. This will determine the regulatory processes adopted by different groups of nations and applicability to feeding the world’s ever growing population. Questions surrounding the intellectual property rights associated with gene editing must also be resolved. Mitochondrial replacement therapy leading to ‘3-Parent Babies’ has been successfully carried out in Mexico, by an international team, to correct mother to child mitochondrial disease transmission. The UK has become the first country to legally allow ‘cautious use’ of mitochondrial donation in treatment. Genomics and genome editing will continue to advance what can be achieved technically, whilst society determines whether or not what can be done should be applied.
Applying gas chromatography to monitor extracellular free amino acids content in cultivation medium during lactic acid fermentation
Authors: Trontel Antonija , Slavica Anita , Novak Mario , Jelovac Nuša , Novak Srđan , Šantek Božidar
Published: March 2017

The aim of this work was the adaptation of a Gas Chromatographic-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method for detection and quantification of extracellular free amino acids in demineralized water, De Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium and corn grits (CG) withdrawn during lactic acid fermentation. In order to analyze free amino acids by the GC-FID method it was necessary to convert free amino acids to volatile compounds. This was accomplished by derivatization of free amino acids with ethylchlor formate in aqueous medium followed by extraction of volatile free amino acid esters with chloroform. It was proven that the combination of derivatization and extraction procedure with developed GC-FID method gave accurate, reproducible and sensitive analytical results. Quantification of 15 (Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Asn, Met, Pro, Lys, His, Asp and Glu) out of 20 ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl esters of free amino acids in demineralized water and MRS medium was achieved by established methods. In corn grits medium all of the above mentioned 15 amino acids, except His, were quantified with this GC-FID method. The established method was efficiently verified in monitoring of extracellular free amino acid concentration during lactic acid production with Lactobacillus rhamnosus DSM 20021T in MRS medium and Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 20531T in corn grits medium.
Structures of cell-wall glycopolymers of Lactococcus lactis BIM B-1024
Authors: Zdorovenko Evelina Leont’evna , Shashkov Alexander Stepanovich , Kadykova Alexandra Alexeevna , Fakhrutdinov Artem Nikolaevich , Kiseleva Elena Pavlovna , Plotnikava Danuta Tofilevna , Novik Galina Ivanovna , Knirel Yuriy Alexandrovich
Published: March 2017

Glycopolymers of two types were isolated from the cell wall of Lactococcus lactis BIM B-1024 by stepwise extraction with cold and hot 10% CCl3CO2H and separated by anion-exchange gel chromatography. The following structures of the glycopolymers were established by sugar analysis, dephosphorylation with 48% HF, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-MS:

β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)┐

→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ PSI

β-D-Glcp-(1→3)┐

→60-α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)-β-D-GalpNAc-(1→5)-Rib-ol-1-P-(O→ PSII

β-D-Glcp-(1→4)┘

Polysaccharides with the same or similar structures to PSI have been found earlier in various Lactobacillus species, whereas, to our knowledge, the structure of PSII is new.
Biological effects induced by Gadolinium nanoparticles on Lymphocyte A20 cell line
Authors: Gheran Cecilia Virginia , Voicu Sorina Nicoleta , Rigaux Guillaume , Callewaert Maite , Chuburu Francoise , Dinischiotu Anca
Published: March 2017

Gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNPs) are potential agents for MRI of lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of 1 μM, 2.5 μM and 5 μM of GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA and GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs on A20 lymphocyte cells exposed for 6 and 24 hours. The total cellular biomass (SRB), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and oxidative stress parameters, such as reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were analyzed by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. After cells exposure to 1 μM, 2.5 μM and 5 μM of GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs their viability decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas for GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA no significant changes were noticed. Both NPs formulations in doses of 1 μM, 2.5 μM, 5 μM did not affect the plasma membrane at each time point tested. The levels of ROS, MDA and AOPP increased proportionally with the concentration and exposure time. GSH concentration decreased significantly for all doses of both NPs tested. Taken together our data suggest that, GdDOTP⊂CS-TPP/HA and GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA NPs induced oxidative stress in A20 lymphocyte cells which was counteracted by the cells antioxidant defense system to a certain extend.
Rethinking Radical Anti-Racist Feminist Politics in a Global Neoliberal Context
Authors: Curiel Ochy , Borzone Manuela , Ponomareff Alexander
Published: March 2017

This article rethinks the challenges of radical politics within a global neoliberal context by rekindling conversations about the history of Afro-Latin American women's movements. The article explores the current economic crisis and its dehumanizing effects primarily on racialized populations, poor people, and women, and locates these groups in relation to the rise of the world-system. Likewise, it identifies the theoretical contributions made by Afrodescendant Latin American women to decolonial thought, not only in relation to the historical domination of the significance of the nation-state but, more importantly, as regards to the dependency relation of political subjects within capitalism, western modernity, European colonization, and the processes of racialization and sexualization of social relations. Acknowledging that the Afro women's movement in Latin America and the Caribbean is going through difficult times, this article considers the role of radical decolonial politics in the creation of a particular strain of thinking that would allow the movement to understand the specific configuration of these systems of domination, to overcome the binarism of theory and practice, to promote the creation of political alliances, to reconceptualize autonomy, to question essentialism, and to reconsider social class.
Towards a Black Feminist Model of Black Atlantic Liberation: Remembering Beatriz Nascimento
Authors: Smith Christen Anne
Published: March 2017

Black woman, scholar, and visionary—Beatriz Nascimento was a critical figure in Brazil's Black Movement until her untimely death in 1995. Although she published only a handful of articles before she died and left only a few other recorded thoughts, her ideas about the symbolic relationship between quilombos (Afro-Brazilian maroon societies) and black subjectivity encourage us to re-imagine the meaning of Black liberation from a transnational, Black feminist perspective. This essay reflects on her life and intellectual contributions, making the argument that Nascimento should be considered a key figure in the radical Black tradition in the Americas. Not only did her ground-breaking theorizations of the Black Atlantic re-imagine this important concept from a radical, Black, female, Latin American perspective, but the general lack of knowledge of her theoretical contributions in contemporary theoretical debates in African Diaspora and Latin American Studies underscores the need to deemphasize the United States and English-speaking experiences in our discussions of global Black intellectual traditions, while simultaneously foregrounding black women's contributions to Latin American philosophical and political thought.
Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Export Performance in China
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Liu Juan , Su Cong
Published: March 2017

As one of the world's major exporters, China has witnessed a substantial increase in its outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). This article examines the effects of export-driven factors on China's OFDI through export-supporting and export platform. On the basis of 2003–2010 panel data from 144 countries and regions, including Canada, we find a strong effect of rising exports on China's OFDI. In addition, the export platform is an important part of China's OFDI, and this trend has strengthened in recent years. Moreover, markets of neighbouring host countries do not have a significant effect on the OFDI. China's OFDI has an obvious agglomeration effect in the host countries, particularly in high-income countries. The empirical results suggest that China should pay attention to the dual effects of its export-supporting and export platform on OFDI. The government should guide enterprises to implement a mixed international trade and investment strategy and build a platform of networking investment to protect firms' overseas investments.
Automated Highway Sign Extraction Using Lidar Data
Authors: Gargoum Suliman , El-Basyouny Karim , Sabbagh Joseph , Froese Kenneth
Published: March 2017

Traffic signs are integral elements of any transportation network; however, keeping records of those signs and their condition is a tedious, time-consuming, and labor-intensive process. As a result, many agencies worldwide have been working toward automating the process. One form of automation uses remote sensing techniques to extract traffic sign information. An algorithm is proposed that can automatically extract traffic signs from mobile light detection and ranging data. After the number of signs on a road segment has been determined, the coordinates of those signs are mapped onto the road segment. The sign extraction procedure involves applying multiple filters to the point cloud data and clustering the data into traffic signs. The proposed algorithm was tested on three highways located in different regions of the province of Alberta, Canada. The segments on which the algorithm was tested include a two-lane undivided rural road and four-lane divided highways. The highway geometry varied, as did vegetation and tree density. Success rates ranged from 93% to 100%, and the algorithm performed better on highways without overhead signs. Results indicate that the proposed method is simple but effective for creating an accurate inventory of traffic signs.
Conducting Onboard Transit Rider Surveys with Electronic Handheld Tablets
Authors: McHugh Bibiana Kamler , Dong Baofeng , Recker Joseph D. , Shank Virginia
Published: March 2017

Transit agencies rely on onboard rider surveys to produce data in support of planning initiatives, as well as Title VI and FTA reports. The findings and statistical analysis provide valuable information about riders; travel patterns; and the effects of new rail alignments, services, and fare changes. Historically, onboard surveys have been conducted with paper methods. However, as technology has become increasingly accessible, transit agencies have started turning to electronic methods for gathering information. This approach has many advantages, but significant changes to methodology and approach are necessary. The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon has migrated all data collection for onboard rider surveys from paper to electronic handheld tablets. Survey budgets have been consolidated and a position created to manage and oversee agencywide implementation. Robust, cost-efficient open-source software is used, and local college students are recruited as surveyors. Compared with the traditional approach, this strategy decreases time and cost significantly, generates more accurate and reliable data, improves customer relations, and is friendlier to the environment. The materials, methods, and data used in a systemwide fare survey conducted in spring 2016 are presented, and results and findings from a 2014–2015 origin-and-destination before study that used tablets are referenced for comparison. The focus is on the consolidation and migration of all onboard surveys from paper to tablets. Best practices are presented in a format that other agencies can adopt easily.
A chemical landscape transformed: Bitterfeld, Germany since 1980
Authors: Chaney Sandra
Published: March 2017

The essay uses the transformation of the chemical landscape of Bitterfeld, Germany, since the 1980s to explore successes and limitations of two state-driven modernisation projects - one socialist and centrally planned, the other liberal democratic and market-based - both expressing optimistic visions of using technology and industry to harness nature's productive potential and build a healthier, more prosperous, society. Under the East German socialist regime the chemical industry that had developed over a century lost its technological momentum because the state was forced to rely on brown coal that was technologically outdated and ecologically and economically unsustainable. After rapid unification, Germany scaled back and modernised Bitterfeld's chemical industry and stopped the mining of brown coal. Within two decades, the toxic chemical landscape was bought, sold and engineered into an ecologically and economically healthier condition, although unemployment increased temporarily and out-migration continues to be a concern. Over the last two decades an envirotechnical landscape has emerged in which chemical manufacturing is natural and the surrounding nature is highly engineered. The most recent chapter in Bitterfeld's story reveals a new modernisation project that aims to make the area ecologically healthy and economically competitive in the global market, an undertaking requiring extensive economic investment and environmental engineering.
Health behaviors not significantly changed by direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing
Authors: Barton Mary Kay
Published: March 2017

Key Points

SNP‐based cancer risk estimates do not appear to affect health‐related behaviors positively or negatively.

DTC genetic testing will continue to evolve and become more complicated, and the health care provider is obligated to educate patients and refer them to genetic counselors appropriately.
Hyperspectral Imaging as a Rapid Quality Control Method for Herbal Tea Blends
Authors: Djokam Majolie , Sandasi Maxleene , Chen Weiyang , Viljoen Alvaro , Vermaak Ilze
Published: March 2017

In South Africa, indigenous herbal teas are enjoyed due to their distinct taste and aroma. The acclaimed health benefits of herbal teas include the management of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Quality control of herbal teas has become important due to the availability of different brands of varying quality and the production of tea blends. The potential of hyperspectral imaging as a rapid quality control method for herbal tea blends from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), buchu (Agathosma Betulina) and cancerbush (Sutherlandia frutescens) was investigated. Hyperspectral images of raw materials and intact tea bags were acquired using a sisuChema shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral pushbroom imaging system (920–2514 nm). Principal component analysis (PCA) plots showed clear discrimination between raw materials. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models correctly predicted the raw material constituents of each blend and accurately determined the relative proportions. The results were corroborated independently using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). This study demonstrated the application of hyperspectral imaging coupled with chemometric modelling as a reliable, rapid and non-destructive quality control method for authenticating herbal tea blends and to determine relative proportions in a tea bag.
Factors That Shape Eukaryotic tRNAomes: Processing, Modification and Anticodon–Codon Use
Authors: Maraia Richard , Arimbasseri Aneeshkumar
Published: March 2017

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) contain sequence diversity beyond their anticodons and the large variety of nucleotide modifications found in all kingdoms of life. Some modifications stabilize structure and fit in the ribosome whereas those to the anticodon loop modulate messenger RNA (mRNA) decoding activity more directly. The identities of tRNAs with some universal anticodon loop modifications vary among distant and parallel species, likely to accommodate fine tuning for their translation systems. This plasticity in positions 34 (wobble) and 37 is reflected in codon use bias. Here, we review convergent evidence that suggest that expansion of the eukaryotic tRNAome was supported by its dedicated RNA polymerase III transcription system and coupling to the precursor‐tRNA chaperone, La protein. We also review aspects of eukaryotic tRNAome evolution involving G34/A34 anticodon‐sparing, relation to A34 modification to inosine, biased codon use and regulatory information in the redundancy (synonymous) component of the genetic code. We then review interdependent anticodon loop modifications involving position 37 in eukaryotes. This includes the eukaryote‐specific tRNA modification, 3‐methylcytidine‐32 (m3C32) and the responsible gene, TRM140 and homologs which were duplicated and subspecialized for isoacceptor‐specific substrates and dependence on i6A37 or t6A37. The genetics of tRNA function is relevant to health directly and as disease modifiers.
Biomimetic Urban Design: Ecosystem Service Provision of Water and Energy
Authors: Pedersen Zari Maibritt
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an ecosystem biomimicry methodology for urban design called ecosystem service analysis. Ecosystem services analysis can provide quantifiable goals for urban ecological regeneration that are determined by site specific ecology and climate of an urban area. This is important given the large negative environmental impact that most cities currently have on ecosystems. If cities can provide some of their own ecosystem services, pressure may be decreased on the surrounding ecosystems. This is crucial because healthier ecosystems enable humans to better adapt to the impacts that climate change is currently having on urban built environments and will continue to have in the future. A case study analyzing two ecosystem services (provision of energy and provision of water) for an existing urban environment (Wellington, New Zealand) is presented to demonstrate how the ecosystem services analysis concept can be applied to an existing urban context. The provision of energy in Wellington was found to be an example of an ecosystem service where humans could surpass the performance of pre-development ecosystem conditions. When analyzing the provision of water it was found that although total rainfall in the urban area is almost 200% higher than the water used in the city, if rainwater harvested from existing rooftops were to meet just the demands of domestic users, water use would need to be reduced by 20%. The paper concludes that although achieving ecological performance goals derived from ecosystem services analysis in urban areas is likely to be difficult, determining site and climate specific goals enable urban design professionals to know what a specific city should be aiming for if it is to move towards better sustainability outcomes.
Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology to the Study of Hematological Diseases
Authors: Li Mailin , Cascino Pasquale , Ummarino Simone , Di Ruscio Annalisa
Published: March 2017

The burst of reprogramming technology in recent years has revolutionized the field of stem cell biology, offering new opportunities for personalized, regenerative therapies. The direct reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided an invaluable tool to study and model a wide range of human diseases. Here, we review the transforming potential of such a strategy in research and in therapies applicable to the hematology field.
A Perspective on Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers: Past, Present and Yet-To-Come
Authors: Ueland Frederick
Published: March 2017

The history of biomarkers and ultrasonography dates back over more than 50 years. The present status of biomarkers used in the context of ovarian cancer is addressed. Attention is given to new interpretations of the etiology of ovarian cancer. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and multivariate index assays (Ova1, Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm, Overa) are biomarker-driven considerations that are presented. Integration of biomarkers into ovarian cancer diagnostics and screening are presented in conjunction with ultrasound. Consideration is given to the serial application of both biomarkers and ultrasound, as well as morphology-based indices. Attempts are made to foresee how individualized molecular signatures may be able to both provide an alert of the potential for ovarian cancer and to provide molecular treatments tailored to a personalized genetic signature. In the future, an annual pelvic ultrasound and a comprehensive serum biomarker screening/diagnostic panel may replace the much maligned bimanual examination as part of the annual gynecologic examination. Taken together, it is likely that a new medical specialty for screening and early diagnostics will emerge for physicians and epidemiologists, a field of study that is independent of patient gender, organ, or the subspecialties of today.
Complexity and Vulnerability Analysis of the C. Elegans Gap Junction Connectome
Authors: Kunert-Graf James , Sakhanenko Nikita , Galas David
Published: March 2017

We apply a network complexity measure to the gap junction network of the somatic nervous system of C. elegans and find that it possesses a much higher complexity than we might expect from its degree distribution alone. This “excess” complexity is seen to be caused by a relatively small set of connections involving command interneurons. We describe a method which progressively deletes these “complexity-causing” connections, and find that when these are eliminated, the network becomes significantly less complex than a random network. Furthermore, this result implicates the previously-identified set of neurons from the synaptic network’s “rich club” as the structural components encoding the network’s excess complexity. This study and our method thus support a view of the gap junction Connectome as consisting of a rather low-complexity network component whose symmetry is broken by the unique connectivities of singularly important rich club neurons, sharply increasing the complexity of the network.
Fundamental Analysis of Thermal Overload in Diesel Engines: Hypothesis and Validation
Authors: Nanda Sangram , Jia Boru , Smallbone Andrew , Roskilly Anthony
Published: March 2017

‘Thermal Overload’ can be defined as a condition under which design threshold values such as the surface temperature of combustion chamber components is exceeded [...]