bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'idéal en quête d'identité
Authors: Schwering Karl-Leo
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’article montre comment une « idéalisation du quotidien » est nécessaire à l’enrichissement de la vie psychique, pour autant qu’elle corresponde à une oscillation entre des mouvements d’idéalisation et de désidéalisation de l’objet. Lorsque cette oscillation s’interrompt, elle peut occasionner une évolution pathologique dont l’identification hystérique et l’identification phobique fournissent des exemples. On constate dans ces cas une insuffisante différenciation entre les trois instances que sont le Moi-idéal, l’Idéal du Moi et le Surmoi. Cette indifférenciation s’accompagne d’une idéalisation excessive, appauvrissant le sujet au profit de l’objet. Un mouvement de désidéalisation s’avère dès lors nécessaire, dont l’idéalisation négative fournit le préalable. Une identification introjective peut alors advenir, qui ne peut s’avérer résolutive qu’à la condition d’une clarification des liens entre les trois instances. En particulier l’émergence d’un Idéal du Moi en projet, tourné vers l’avenir, et comme tel différencié d’un Surmoi enclin à se fixer sur le passé.
Le couple comme idÉal, rÉponse À l'ultra-moderne solitude de l'individualisme dÉmocratique et marchand
Authors: Neyrand Gérard
Published: May 2011

Résumé Confronté à la montée de l’individualisme, à la fois démocratique et marchand, et à la lente remise en question de l’assise socio-économique du mariage, le couple a été constitué en idéal autour de la promotion du sentiment amoureux comme garant de sa constitution. Le double paradoxe de cette évolution, d’avoir à se réaliser soi-même dans la relation amoureuse et de voir cette relation fragilisée par l’incertitude de l’amour, a généré autant une crise des conjugalités ne pouvant assumer un tel idéal que la mise en place de solutions alternatives à la vie à deux traditionnelle, depuis la conjugalité non-cohabitante jusqu’à l’échange de partenaires, en passant par la tentation de faire couple avec l’enfant. L’idéal du couple s’y révèle comme modèle normatif nécessaire pour faire contrepoids aux contraintes de l’individualisme hypermoderne.
Approches sectorielles
Authors: Chambaud Serge , Michel Jacques , Buffet Pierre , Depadt-Bels Marion , Brun Joël
Published: May 2011

Résumé Que pensent les utilisateurs sur le terrain : est-ce que les résultats sont conformes aux attentes ? Quelles sont les conditions d’utilisation des outils de veille ? Comment intégrer ces outils dans l’organisation actuelle des entreprises ? Y a-t-il des approches différentes selon le secteur d’activité ? Que peut-on attendre aujourd’hui concrètement de la veille pour innover ? Peut-on innover en matière de veille ? Quel peut être l’apport des serveurs commerciaux multibases ? Introduction de Serge Chambaud et contributions de Jacques Michel (Europatis) : La veille sur la propriété intellectuelle ; de Pierre Buffet (Questel) : Le rôle et la place d’un fournisseur de données spécialisées ; de Marion Depadt-Bels (avocate) : La veille juridique : périmètre, écueils, sources ; et de Joël Brun (Sanofi-Pasteur) : La veille dans le processus d’innovation chez Sanofi Pasteur.
Les Réseaux d'échanges réciproques de savoirs
Authors: Héber-Suffrin Claire
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’auteur partage, ici, sa propre expérience des Réseaux d’échanges réciproques de savoirs ( rers ) et de ce qu’en les fondant et en les animant elle a compris et appris sur les apprentissages et la pédagogie, sur l’éducation et la formation pour tous, de tous et par tous. Après avoir présenté ces rers , elle évoque la force incroyable de la réciprocité positive en pédagogie, reliant ses dimensions et ses effets à la question des luttes contre les exclusions et l’illettrisme. Ces rers s’inscrivent dans le mouvement de l’éducation et de la formation tout au long de la vie.
L'illettrisme à l'établissement pénitentiaire pour mineurs
Authors: Galibert Frédéric
Published: May 2011

Résumé Comment accompagner les mineurs détenus dans leur « combat » contre l’illettrisme ? Quels chemins pédagogiques et éducatifs un enseignant en milieu carcéral doit-il élaborer pour aider les adolescents incarcérés à s’approprier un monde de l’écrit jusque-là refusé ? Pour répondre à ces questions, un professeur des écoles s’attache à décrire les pratiques et les adaptations pédagogiques en œuvre dans l’établissement pénitentiaire pour mineurs de Lavaur.
Les dysphasiques, qui sont-ils ?
Authors: John Catherine , Mautret-Labbé Christine
Published: May 2011

Résumé La dysphasie est un trouble spécifique de l’accès au langage qui engendre des difficultés scolaires massives, dont l’illettrisme qui en est une conséquence inévitable en l’absence de prises en charge adaptées. Le retard de langage à un âge où s’organise la symbolisation n’est pas sans conséquences et cela a une influence sur les difficultés d’apprentissage de la langue écrite. Quelle qu’en soit son origine, la dysphasie entraîne une souffrance psychique chez l’enfant et ce qui se vit sans bruit durant la latence devient manifeste à l’adolescence. C’est ce que nous allons essayer d’illustrer au travers des fragments d’une psychothérapie d’une adolescente.
Préservation de l'environnement littoral et inégalités écologiques
Authors: Deldrève Valérie
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir d’une étude ( inecolito Deboudt coord. puca-medd , 2005-2008) menée sur un site de la Côte d’Opale (Pas-de-Calais) doté de fortes aménités environnementales, une station balnéaire réputée – Le Touquet-Paris-Plage –, cet article propose une lecture des formes d’inégalités écologiques que développent l’attractivité croissante des sites littoraux et la montée concomitante des préoccupations écologiques. Il s’agit, à travers la manière dont les résidents de ces sites définissent et qualifient leur environnement naturel et urbain, à travers les usages qu’ils ont de ses aménités, et la légitimité qu’ils s’octroient et octroient aux autres usagers potentiels (résidents et touristes) à en bénéficier, de montrer comment l’écologisation des sociétés, au sens de Kalaora (2001), conduit à activer des logiques de ségrégation sociale légitimées par la nécessité de réguler l’accès aux sites naturels littoraux.
Using Evidence to Enhance the Recovery of Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery: Part 2
Authors: Maxson Pamela M. , Lovely Jenna K. , Wrobleski Diane M. , Isaacson Emily Carver
Published: May 2011

This is the second part of a three-part series describing how an enhanced recovery clinical pathway uses a multidisciplinary team to reduce postoperative stress and complications, improve recovery, and decrease hospital length of stay without affecting patient safety for patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Last month, patient education and discharge planning were discussed. This part discusses multimodal analgesia and standardized postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis. Next month, fluids, diet, tubes and drains, and early mobilization will be discussed.
Integrating Quality and Safety Competencies into Undergraduate Nursing Using Student-Designed Simulation
Authors: Piscotty Ronald , Grobbel Claudia , Tzeng Huey-Ming
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an innovative teaching approach, a student-led simulation, was effective in increasing students’ quality and safety knowledge, skills, and attitudes in the six Quality and Safety Education for Nurses competency areas. The sample included students (
N
= 141) enrolled in a traditional and accelerated leadership course in the baccalaureate-nursing program at a midwestern public university during the fall 2009 semester. A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was used. Paired-samples
t
tests were used to analyze the data. Overall scores on the self-inventory in the traditional (
p
< 0.001) and accelerated (
p
= 0.011) groups significantly increased. Knowledge and safety test scores in both the traditional (knowledge:
p
< .001; safety:
p
= 0.028) and accelerated (knowledge:
p
= 0.027; safety:
p
= 0.03) groups increased significantly. The innovation significantly improved students’ self-efficacy and knowledge related to the quality and safety competencies.
Interactive Maths with GeoGebra
Authors: Velichova Daniela
Published: April 2011

This paper brings information on dynamic multiplatform mathematical software GeoGebra produced by Markus Hohenwarter in 2002 for learning and teaching mathematics, available free on web in 45 languages. GeoGebra enables production of self-standing dynamic worksheets as interactive java applets embedded in html pages presenting dynamic constructions and interactive calculations on Internet. Thus it is enhancing available powerful electronic tools suitable for production of instructional materials in on-line maths education. Several possibilities are presented on how this useful utility might be used in e-learning solutions as a dynamic interactive platform for calculations and drawings.
Developing e-course Robust Constrained PID Control
Authors: Ťapák Peter , Huba Mikuláš
Published: April 2011

This paper informs about the latest development of the blended learning course Robust Constrained PID Control and describes in details problems faced in evaluating independent work of students with real time experiments that represent the main element of the applied â??learning by doing
Special issue with selected papers from the 10th International Conference Virtual University Bratislava
Authors: Huba Mikulas , Leão Celina Pinto , Restivo Maria Teresa , Žáková Katarína
Published: April 2011

This paper provides introduction to the collection of papers from the 10th International Conference Virtual University held in December 2009 in Bratislava.
Th17 Cells Induce Colitis and Promote Th1 Cell Responses through IL-17 Induction of Innate IL-12 and IL-23 Production
Authors: Feng Ting , Qin Hongwei , Wang Lanfang , Benveniste Etty N. , Elson Charles O. , Cong Yingzi
Published: April 2011

Both Th1 and Th17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis. However, the complex relationship between Th1 and Th17 cells and their relative contributions to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease have not been completely analyzed. Although it has been recently shown that Th17 cells can convert into Th1 cells, the underlying in vivo mechanisms and the role of Th1 cells converted from Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of colitis are still largely unknown. In this study, we report that Th17 cells from CBir1 TCR transgenic mice, which are specific for an immunodominant microbiota Ag, are more potent than Th1 cells in the induction of colitis, as Th17 cells induced severe colitis, whereas Th1 cells induced mild colitis when transferred into TCRβxδ−/− mice. High levels of IL-12 and IL-23 and substantial numbers of IFN-γ+ Th1 cells emerged in the colons of Th17 cell recipients. Administration of anti–IL-17 mAb abrogated Th17 cell-induced colitis development, blocked colonic IL-12 and IL-23 production, and inhibited IFN-γ+ Th1 cell induction. IL-17 promoted dendritic cell production of IL-12 and IL-23. Furthermore, conditioned media from colonic tissues of colitic Th17 cell recipients induced IFN-γ production by Th17 cells, which was inhibited by blockade of IL-12 and IL-23. Collectively, these data indicate that Th17 cells convert to Th1 cells through IL-17 induction of mucosal innate IL-12 and IL-23 production.
Upregulation of IL-21 Receptor on B Cells and IL-21 Secretion Distinguishes Novel 2009 H1N1 Vaccine Responders from Nonresponders among HIV-Infected Persons on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Pallikkuth Suresh , Pilakka Kanthikeel Sudheesh , Silva Sandra Y. , Fischl Margaret , Pahwa Rajendra , Pahwa Savita
Published: April 2011

Mechanisms underlying failure of novel 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine-induced Ab responses in HIV-infected persons are poorly understood. This study prospectively evaluated 16 HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy and eight healthy controls (HC) who received a single 15 μg dose of nonadjuvanted novel 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine during the 2009 H1N1 epidemic. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline (T0) and at 7 d (T1) and 28 d (T2) postvaccination for evaluation of immune responses. Prevaccination hemagglutination inhibition Ab titer was <1:20 in all except one study participant. At T2, all HC and 8 out of 16 patients (50%) developed a vaccine-induced Ab titer of ≥1:40. Vaccine responder (R) and vaccine nonresponder patients were comparable at T0 in age, CD4 counts, virus load, and B cell immunophenotypic characteristics. At T2, HC and R patients developed an expansion of phenotypic and functional memory B cells and ex vivo H1N1-stimulated IgG Ab-secreting cells in an ELISPOT assay. The memory B cell response was preceded by a significant expansion of plasmablasts and spontaneous H1N1-specific Ab-secreting cells at T1. At T2, HC and R patients also exhibited significant increases in serum IL-21 levels and in the frequency and mean fluorescence intensity of IL-21R–expressing B cells, which correlated with serum H1N1 Ab titers. Vaccine nonresponder patients failed to develop the above-described vaccine-induced immunologic responses. The novel association of novel 2009 H1N1 vaccine-induced Ab responses with IL-21/IL-21R upregulation and with development of memory B cells and plasmablasts has implications for future research in vaccine design.
The Cost of Routine Aedes aegypti Control and of Insecticide-Treated Curtain Implementation
Authors: Baly Alberto , Flessa Steffen , Cote Marilys , Thiramanus Thirapong , Vanlerberghe Veerle , Villegas Elci , Jirarojwatana Somchai , Van der Stuyft Patrick
Published: May 2011

Insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs) are promoted for controlling the Dengue vector Aedes aegypti. We assessed the cost of the routine Aedes control program (RACP) and the cost of ITC implementation through the RACP and health committees in Venezuela and through health volunteers in Thailand. The yearly cost of the RACP per household amounted to US$2.14 and $1.89, respectively. The ITC implementation cost over three times more, depending on the channel used. In Venezuela the RACP was the most efficient implementation-channel. It spent US$1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83; 1.97) per curtain distributed, of which 76.9% for the curtain itself. Implementation by health committees cost significantly (P = 0.02) more: US$2.32 (95% CI: 1.93; 2.61) of which 63% for the curtain. For ITC implementation to be at least as cost-effective as the RACP, at equal effectiveness and actual ITC prices, the attained curtain coverage and the adulticiding effect should last for 3 years.
Case Series of Misdiagnosis with rK39 Strip Test in Indian Leishmaniasis
Authors: Das Nilay K. , Singh Sunny K. , Ghosh Susmita , Sarkar Avijit , Mukhopadhyay Debanjan , Roy Susmita , Ganguly Dwijendra Nath , Barbhuiya Joyashree Nath , Saha Bibhuti , Chatterjee Mitali
Published: May 2011

This report presents three cases where the rK39 strip test failed to diagnose two cases of post–kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and one case of visceral leishmaniasis. However, a strong clinical suspicion prompted further evaluation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which established the etiology. The present case series highlights the usefulness of PCR in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis.
Characterization of the Antibody Response to the Saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in People Living in Endemic Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Marzouki Soumaya , Ahmed Mélika Ben , Boussoffara Thouraya , Abdeladhim Maha , Aleya-Bouafif Nissaf Ben , Namane Abdelkader , Hamida Nabil Belhaj , Salah Afif Ben , Louzir Hechmi
Published: May 2011

Important data obtained in mice raise the possibility that immunization against the saliva of sand flies could protect from leishmaniasis. Sand fly saliva stimulates the production of specific antibodies in individuals living in endemic areas of parasite transmission. To characterize the humoral immune response against the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in humans, we carried out a prospective study on 200 children living in areas of Leishmania major transmission. We showed that 83% of donors carried anti-saliva IgG antibodies, primarily of IgG4 isotype. Positive sera reacted differentially with seven salivary proteins. The protein PpSP30 was prominently recognized by all the sera. The salivary proteins triggered the production of various antibody isotypes. Interestingly, the immunodominant PpSP30 was recognized by all IgG subclasses, whereas PpSP12 was not by IgG4. Immunoproteomic analyses may help to identify the impact of each salivary protein on the L. major infection and to select potential vaccine candidates.
Climate Variability and Dengue Fever in Warm and Humid Mexico
Authors: Colón-González Felipe J. , Lake Iain R. , Bentham Graham
Published: May 2011

Multiple linear regression models were fitted to look for associations between changes in the incidence rate of dengue fever and climate variability in the warm and humid region of Mexico. Data were collected for 12 Mexican provinces over a 23-year period (January 1985 to December 2007). Our results show that the incidence rate or risk of infection is higher during El Niño events and in the warm and wet season. We provide evidence to show that dengue fever incidence was positively associated with the strength of El Niño and the minimum temperature, especially during the cool and dry season. Our study complements the understanding of dengue fever dynamics in the region and may be useful for the development of early warning systems.
Modeling the Effect of Chronic Schistosomiasis on Childhood Development and the Potential for Catch-Up Growth with Different Drug Treatment Strategies Promoted for Control of Endemic Schistosomiasis
Authors: Gurarie David , Wang Xiaoxia , Bustinduy Amaya L. , King Charles H.
Published: May 2011

In areas endemic for schistosomiasis having limited healthcare, targeted drug treatment of school-age children is recommended for control of Schistosoma-associated morbidity. However, optimal timing, number, and frequency of treatments are not established. Because longitudinal studies of long-term impact of treatment are few, for current policy considerations we performed quantitative simulation (based on calibrated modeling of Schistosoma-associated disease formation) to project the impact of different school-age treatment regimens. Using published efficacy data from targeted programs, combined with age-specific risk for growth retardation and reinfection, we examined the likely impact of different strategies for morbidity prevention. Results suggest the need for early, repeated treatment through primary school years to optimally prevent the disabling sequelae of stunting and undernutrition. Dynamics of infection/reinfection during childhood and adolescence, combined with early treatment effects against reversible infection-associated morbidities, create a need for aggressive retreatment of preadolescents to achieve optimal suppression of morbidity where drug-based control is used.
Quality of Life in Patients with Neurocysticercosis in Mexico
Authors: Bhattarai Rachana , Budke Christine M. , Carabin Hélène , Proaño Jefferson V. , Flores-Rivera Jose , Corona Teresa , Cowan Linda D. , Ivanek Renata , Snowden Karen F. , Flisser Ana
Published: May 2011

The objective of this study was to compare quality of life measures in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC) to those of a matched control group. The NCC outpatients and their controls were recruited from two neurology referral hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico during 2007–2008. The quality of life of 224 NCC patients was compared with 224 age-sex-hospital-day matched controls using the short form 12 v2 (SF-12 v2) quality of life survey. Medical chart reviews were also conducted for the NCC outpatients to evaluate presenting clinical manifestations. Compared with the controls, NCC patients had a significantly lower score for each of the eight domains of health evaluated and significantly lower Physical and Mental Component Summary scores. Chart reviews indicated that hydrocephalus (48%), severe headaches (47%), and epilepsy (31%) were the most common clinical manifestations in these NCC outpatients.
Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure
Authors: Humphries Debbie , Mosites Emily , Otchere Joseph , Twum Welbeck Amoani , Woo Lauren , Jones-Sanpei Hinckley , Harrison Lisa M. , Bungiro Richard D. , Benham-Pyle Blair , Bimi Langbong , Edoh Dominic , Bosompem Kwabena , Wilson Michael , Cappello Michael
Published: May 2011

A cross-sectional pilot study of hookworm infection was carried out among 292 subjects from 62 households in Kintampo North, Ghana. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45%, peaking in those 11–20 years old (58.5%). In children, risk factors for hookworm infection included coinfection with malaria and increased serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to hookworm secretory antigens. Risk factors for infection in adults included poor nutritional status, not using a latrine, not wearing shoes, and occupation (farming). Although albendazole therapy was associated with an overall egg reduction rate of 82%, 37 subjects (39%) remained infected. Among those who failed therapy, treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in egg excretion, and nearly one-third had higher counts on repeat examination. These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Pool Screening Used To Compare Prevalence of Infective Black Flies in Two Onchocerciasis Foci in Northern Sudan
Authors: Higazi Tarig B. , Zarroug Isam M. A. , Mohamed Hanan A. , Mohamed Wigdan A. , Deran Tong Chor M. , Aziz Nabil , Katabarwa Moses , Hassan Hassan K. , Unnasch Thomas R. , Mackenzie Charles D. , Richards Frank
Published: May 2011

Onchocerciasis remains an important debilitating disease in many areas of Africa, including Sudan. The status of infection transmission in 2007 was assessed in the vectors of two disease foci in Sudan: Abu Hamed in northern Sudan, which has received at least 10 years of annual treatment and Galabat focus in eastern Sudan, where only minor, largely undocumented treatment activity has occurred. Assessment of more than 30,000 black flies for Onchocerca volvulus infectious stage L3 larvae by using an O-150 polymerase chain reaction protocol showed that black fly infectivity rates were 0.84 (95% confidence interval = 0.0497–1.88) per 10,000 flies for Abu Hamed and 6.9 (95% confidence interval = 1.1–16.4) infective flies per 10,000 for Galabat. These results provide entomologic evidence for suppressed Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Abu Hamed focus and a moderate transmission rate of the parasite in the Galabat focus.
Executive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms Associated With Reduced Participation of People With Severe Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Foster Erin R. , Cunnane Kathleen B. , Edwards Dorothy F. , Morrison M. Tracy , Ewald Gregory A. , Geltman Edward M. , Zazulia Allyson R.
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE. We investigated participation levels and relationships among cognition, depression, and participation for people with severe congestive heart failure (CHF).

METHOD. People with severe CHF (New York Heart Association Class III or IV) awaiting heart transplantation (N = 27) completed standardized tests of cognition and self-report measures of executive dysfunction, depressive symptoms, and participation.

RESULTS. Possible depression (64%) and cognitive impairment (15%–59%) were prevalent. Participants reported significant reductions in participation across all activity domains since CHF diagnosis (ps < .001). Worse executive dysfunction and depressive symptoms were associated with reduced participation and together accounted for 35%–46% of the variance in participation (ps < .01).

CONCLUSION. Participation restrictions associated with CHF are not limited to physically demanding activities and are significantly associated with executive dysfunction and depression. Cardiac rehabilitation should address cognitive and psychological functioning in the context of all life situations instead of focusing solely on physical function and disability.
How to Conduct and Statistically Analyze Case-Based Time Series Studies, One Patient at a Time
Authors: Nash Michael R. , Borckardt Jeffrey J. , Abbasa Amineh , Gray Erin
Published: May 2011

We describe how to conduct case-based time-series studies in a practice setting. First we offer a sampler of clinical research questions that can be addressed by case-based studies. Second we construct a hypothetical case that illustrates the structure of a time-series project now being conducted in a university-based outpatient psychotherapy clinic. This case also familiarizes the reader with the data array of a time-series study. Third, we present two actual case studies, each carried out in a different outpatient setting. Fourth, we move to the logistics of how a time-series study is efficiently conducted in an applied setting. Finally we provide a step-by-step description of Simulation Modeling Analysis (SMA) for time-series data and how the practitioner can use freely-available software to analyze his or her real-world clinical practice data (i.e., relatively short streams of time-series data).
Forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone: sensitivity to very reactive biogenic VOC emissions and implications for in-canopy photochemistry
Authors: Wolfe G. M. , Thornton J. A. , McKay M. , Goldstein A. H.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Understanding the fate of ozone within and above forested environments is vital to assessing the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems and air quality at the urban-rural interface. Observed forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone is often much faster than explicable by stomatal uptake alone, suggesting the presence of additional ozone sinks within the canopy. Using the Chemistry of Atmosphere-Forest Exchange (CAFE) model in conjunction with summer noontime observations from the 2007 Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX-2007), we explore the viability and implications of the hypothesis that ozonolysis of very reactive but yet unidentified biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) can influence the forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone. Non-stomatal processes typically generate 67% of the observed ozone flux, but reactions of ozone with measured BVOC, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, can account for only 2% of this flux during the selected timeframe. By incorporating additional emissions and chemistry of a proxy for very reactive VOC (VRVOC) that undergo rapid ozonolysis, we demonstrate that an in-canopy chemical ozone sink of ~2×108 molecules cm−3 s−1 can close the ozone flux budget. Even in such a case, the 65 min chemical lifetime of ozone is much longer than the canopy residence time of ~2 min, highlighting that chemistry can influence reactive trace gas exchange even when it is "slow" relative to vertical mixing. This level of VRVOC ozonolysis could enhance OH and RO2 production by as much as 1 pptv s−1 and substantially alter their respective vertical profiles depending on the actual product yields. Reaction products would also contribute significantly to the oxidized VOC budget and, by extension, secondary organic aerosol mass. Given the potentially significant ramifications of a chemical ozone flux for both in-canopy chemistry and estimates of ozone deposition, future efforts should focus on quantifying both ozone reactivity and non-stomatal (e.g. cuticular) deposition within the forest.
Allergic rhinitis is associated with decreased expression of Toll‐like receptor 9 by sinonasal epithelial cells
Authors: Melvin Thuy‐Anh N. , Nguyen Mai‐Tien , Lane Andrew P. , Lin Sandra Y.
Published: April 2011

Background

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are important in sinonasal mucosal innate immunity. Previous studies demonstrate that sinonasal epithelial cell (SNEC) TLR9 expression is reduced in T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokine‐predominant chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps, and with the in vitro application of Th2 cytokines. To further investigate in vivo modulation of TLR9 by the local cytokine environment, this study examines TLR9 expression in freshly isolated SNECs from subjects with and without active allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

SNECs were gathered via endoscopic‐guided middle meatal brushings from 9 AR subjects who were skin‐prick test (SPT)‐positive to environmental allergens in season at the time of study, and 8 controls. Flow cytometry was utilized to compare SNEC TLR9 expression in the 2 groups.

Results

TLR9 expression by SNEC in the AR group was significantly reduced compared to normals (35% ± 26% vs 76% ± 10%, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Similar to observations in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, this study shows that active AR is associated with decreased SNEC TLR9 expression. These findings are consistent with the concept that Th2 cytokines suppress expression of TLR9 and other innate immune genes. Multiple endogenous and microbial factors likely modulate sinonasal innate immunity to maintain homeostasis and prevent infection in AR. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Nitroxide: Anwendungen in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie
Authors: Tebben Ludger , Studer Armido
Published: April 2011

Nitroxide werden in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie verwendet. In diesem Aufsatz werden zunächst Methoden zur Herstellung von Nitroxiden und deren physikalische Eigenschaften besprochen. Der folgende Abschnitt beschreibt die Verwendung von Nitroxiden als stöchiometrische und katalytische Oxidationsmittel in der organischen Synthese. Die Oxidation von Alkoholen und Carbanionen spielt dabei ebenso eine wichtige Rolle wie oxidative C‐C‐Bindungsknüpfungen. Anschließend widmet sich ein Abschnitt der Rolle von Nitroxiden als Abfangreagentien für C‐zentrierte Radikale in der Radikalchemie. Nitroxide, die sich von Alkoxyaminen ableiten, fungieren als nützliche Ausgangsmaterialien für C‐zentrierte Radikale, deren Einsatz in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie beschrieben wird. Der letzte Abschnitt stellt die Grundlagen der Nitroxid‐vermittelten Polymerisation (NMP) vor und zeigt neuere Entwicklungen beim Design komplexer Polymerarchitekturen auf.
The Open Metadata Registry: An update
Authors: Phipps Jon , Hillmann Diane I.
Published: April 2011

Editor's Summary

Started in 2005 as the metadata registry for the National Science Digital Library (NSDL), the NSDL Registry has undergone significant changes. It has expanded, shifted from its original support source to JES & Co. and been renamed in 2010 as the Open Metadata Registry (OMR). While serving end users seeking vocabularies available for a project or group, the OMR focuses on supporting the primary providers of vocabularies by facilitating publishing and tracking evolving versions of their vocabularies. Work is ongoing to enable the OMR to support multilingual vocabularies and separate but associated language versions. To promote consistent term labels, the use of uniform resource identifiers (URIs) is promoted as well as concept representation by numeric strings. The OMR is currently being reengineered in Drupal. As it undergoes dramatic changes, the OMR is offered as a valuable infrastructure tool for data sharing.
Organizing our knowledge of biodiversity
Authors: Lapp Hilmar , Morris Robert A. , Catapano Terry , Hobern Donald , Morrison Norman
Published: April 2011

Editor's Summary

Though natural history collections are long established and numerous, data on biodiversity is sparse, poorly developed, inconsistent and rarely digitally preserved, and their providers are often inaccessible. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Taxonomic Databases Working Group (TDWG) for Biodiversity Information Standards are leading efforts to overcome such barriers. The GBIF has collected over 200 million records formally describing natural history specimens from hundreds of sources, while also serving the rapidly growing online community of amateur field observers. The two organizations face challenges arising from ambiguity of taxonomic names and the need to make voluminous and critical historical collections available and to develop standard metadata vocabularies that can be understood and used by all. The combination of science informatics tools, including a robust vocabulary and linked data conventions, with a networked, active user community will enable effective biodiversity data management over the long term.
The ouch factor: What happens when user needs change
Authors: Haller Thom
Published: April 2011

Editor's Summary

The government site www.plainlanguage.gov espouses the use of clear and understandable writing in documents developed for citizens. Since its inception and careful information architectural crafting in 2006, it has gone through changes, including a change in responsibility for site maintenance. Recently, a legislative mandate has created unexpected new requirements for the site that the present implementation does not meet, resulting in criticism from frustrated users. With a different purpose and audience for the site, the original information architecture – no longer effective – will be revamped to meet changing needs.
Coronary artery fistula: An unusual cause of chest pain in a young adult
Authors: Boudoulas Konstantinos Dean , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Firstenberg Michael
Published: April 2011

Coronary artery fistula, usually congenital in origin, is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or great vessel [coronary sinus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or super vena cava (SVC)]. A coronary fistula can produce high‐output heart failure from volume overload and/or myocardial ischemia from coronary steal phenomenon. A 35‐year‐old man was found to have a large fistula from the left circumflex coronary artery to the SVC‐right atrium junction, an extremely rare anomaly. This patient developed right ventricular dysfunction and chest pain due to myocardial ischemia in the left circumflex coronary artery distribution for several months before evaluation. Because of the large size of the fistula, surgical ligation was chosen instead of coil embolization to close the fistula. The patient was free of chest pain postprocedure. Coronary artery fistulas, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a young patient presents with chest pain and/or heart failure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integration of dual source computed tomography With magnetic navigation system for percutaneous coronary intervention: A feasibility study
Authors: Li Chunjian , Tang Lijun , Yang Zhijian , Cao Kejiang
Published: April 2011

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of integration of the dual source computed tomography (DSCT) and magnetic navigation system (MNS) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: MNS has proven to be feasible for yielding high rates of procedural success for PCI. DSCT coronary angiography (DSCT‐CA) may provide a roadmap of a target vessel and serve as a reference route for MNS. Combination of these two technologies might decrease the contrast use, fluoroscopy exposure, and be beneficial to the intervention of the totally occluded lesions. Methods: Twenty‐five patients with positive results of DSCT‐CA and indications for PCI were included. CT images were transferred to MNS, and target vessels were extracted and registered to X‐ray system as a roadmap. Results: DSCT‐CA and MNS‐assisted PCIs were successfully performed in 25 of the 26 target vessels (96.2%), with the mean guidewire crossing time of 100.0 (25–75% inter‐quartile ranges (IQR): 70.7–157.8) sec, mean total radiation dosage of 268.1 (IQR: 150.5–527.0) μGym2, or 42.0 (IQR: 23.0–70.0) mGy, respectively. The contrast usage for guidewire positioning was 0 (IQR: 0–3.0) ml for the successfully crossed lesions. Both of the two totally occluded lesions in this study were successfully crossed with guidewires under the guidance of the DSCT‐CA derived roadmap. Conclusion: Integration of DSCT with MNS for PCI is feasible. This integration of advanced modalities might decrease contrast usage, lower fluoroscopy exposure for guidewire positioning, and might also play a role in totally occluded lesions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigations on changes in 13C/12C ratios of endogenous urinary steroids after pregnenolone administration
Authors: Piper Thomas , Schlug Christoph , Mareck Ute , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: April 2011

For the detection of possible misuse of naturally occurring anabolic androgenic steroids like testosterone (T), anti‐doping laboratories use a combination of two techniques. One is molecular steroid profiling to evaluate urinary steroid concentrations and normal diagnostic ratios. The other is isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), in which the 13C/12C ratios of target analytes like T are compared to the 13C/12C ratios of endogenous reference compounds (ERCs). The 13C/12C of the most commonly used ERC, pregnanediol (5β‐pregnane‐3α,20α‐diol, PD), can be influenced by administration of pregnenolone (3β‐hydroxy‐pregn‐5‐en‐20‐one, PREG). Therefore PREG administration bears the potential to circumvent IRMS testing for doping control samples.

In order to investigate the influence of PREG on PD and on other urinary excreted steroids, administration studies with oral and transdermal application of PREG were carried out. The influence of PREG administration on concentrations and 13C/12C ratios of all investigated target analytes was negligible. Only PD and 5β‐pregnan‐3α‐ol‐20‐one (3aP) showed significant depletion in both their glucuronidated and sulfated steroids. The results suggest that appropriate alternative ERCs are: 11β‐hydroxy‐androsterone/etiocholanolone, 5β‐pregnane‐3α,17,20α‐triol, pregn‐5‐ene‐3β,17,20α‐triol and cholesterol.

Due to its properties to disguise the misuse of anabolic steroids by influencing the 13C/12C ratio of PD, PREG should be considered to be added to the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances as a masking agent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in older adults: an overview of characteristics and treatment approaches
Authors: Böttche Maria , Kuwert Philipp , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: April 2011

Objective

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling condition following a traumatic event. Despite its high prevalence rates, relatively little is known about the manifestation and course of the disorder in older adults. Moreover, there has been little evaluation of the efficacy of psychotherapeutic treatment approaches for older patients.

Design

This overview aims to summarize available data on the prevalence and symptoms of late‐life PTSD and to review the current treatment approaches for older adults.

Results

The course and severity of PTSD symptoms in older adults depend on the time the trauma occurred (early versus late life). In the case of acute traumatization, lower prevalence rates and symptom severities are generally observed in older than in younger populations. In the case of early‐life traumatization, a decline in PTSD symptom severity can be observed over the life course. Research on treatment approaches has produced promising results, indicating that disorder‐specific interventions (i.e., trauma confrontation and cognitive restructuring) can be effectively combined with an age‐specific narrative life‐review approach.

Conclusion

Given the limited empirical evidence, caution is warranted in generalizing the reported findings. Nevertheless, it is possible to draw a number of conclusions concerning the characteristics and treatment of PTSD in older adults. Further research is needed to better understand the various presentations of PTSD in late life and to validate and improve the effectiveness of available treatment approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women's experience with severe overactive bladder symptoms and treatment: Insight revealed from patient focus groups
Authors: Anger Jennifer T. , Nissim Helen A. , Le Thuy X. , Smith Ariana L. , Lee Una , Sarkisian Catherine , Litwin Mark S. , Raz Shlomo , Rodriguez Larissa V. , Maliski Sally L.
Published: April 2011

Aims

Research has focused on treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in women with the goal of cure. The objective of this study was to assess women's perceptions of their OAB symptoms, treatment experience, and outcomes by conducting patient focus groups.

Methods

Women seen in our academic center female urology referral clinics were identified by ICD‐9 codes for OAB symptoms and recruited to participate in one of five focus groups, totaling 33 patients. Non‐clinician moderators conducted the focus group sessions incorporating topics related to patients' perceptions of OAB symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Data analysis was performed using grounded theory methodology.

Results

Qualitative analysis yielded several preliminary themes: impact of OAB on quality of life, strategies to control wetness, medications and side effects, and triggers. The majority of focus group participants reported only a partial response to medication and other physician‐recommended treatments for OAB. Therefore, they developed self‐reliant personalized strategies to improve their quality of life. These strategies included fluid restriction, preventive toileting, and, most importantly, the use of incontinence pads.

Conclusions

The majority of the women who participated in the focus groups reported only a partial response to medical and other treatments for OAB. As a result, they developed personalized self‐management strategies to improve their quality of life. Although most studies addressing the treatment of OAB aim at curing the condition, such a strategy may be unrealistic. Applying a chronic care model that uses a patient‐centered symptom‐management approach to OAB may optimize patient outcomes and improve quality of life. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1295–1299, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foaming behavior, cellular structure and physical properties of polybenzoxazine foams
Authors: Ardanuy Mònica , Rodríguez‐Pérez Miguel Ángel , de Saja José Antonio , Velasco José Ignacio
Published: April 2011

In this paper, polymer foams based on a benzoxazine resin have been successfully prepared using azodicarbonamide (ADC) as a chemical blowing agent and have been characterized regarding their foaming behavior, cellular structure, and physical properties. The effect of the ADC on the curing process of the resin was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and blowing agent decomposition was followed by thermogravitmetric analysis (TGA). The characterization of the cellular structure of the foamed samples was done using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the foams were determined using compression tests and the thermal conductivity was assessed using the transient plane source method. The results indicated that the curing process and gas release took place in a similar time interval. The foams showed an isotropic cellular structure with relative densities in the range 0.35–0.60, and showed compressive strengths and compressive moduli in the range of 10–70 MPa and 400–1100 MPa, respectively. Thermal conductivities were in the range of 0.06–0.12 W m−1K−1. The findings in this paper demonstrate the possibility of producing polybenzoxazine foams using a simple process in which curing and foaming take place simultaneously. In addition, the mechanical characterization of these materials indicates that they are suitable for structural applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oxygen content during sputtering on the electrical properties of bismuth ferrite thin films
Authors: Wu Jiagang , Wang John , Xiao Dingquan , Zhu Jianguo
Published: April 2011

The effect of oxygen content during sputtering on the leakage mechanism and the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 with a sintering aid of CuO (CuO‐BFO) was investigated, where all thin films with (100) orientation were grown on SrRuO3/LaAlO3(100) substrates by radio frequency sputtering with an oxygen content of 0–40%. The ferroelectric properties in CuO‐BFO are tailored by changing the oxygen content during sputtering, indicating a small growth window. The Schottky emission dominates the leakage behavior regardless of oxygen content. The thin film with an oxygen content of ∼20% during sputtering has a higher remanent polarization of 2Pr ∼ 184.7 μC/cm2, due to its lower leakage current density and an improved phase purity. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
How to build patient‐specific synthetic abdominal anatomies. An innovative approach from physical toward hybrid surgical simulators
Authors: Condino S. , Carbone M. , Ferrari V. , Faggioni L. , Peri A. , Ferrari M. , Mosca F.
Published: April 2011

Background

According to literature evidence, simulation is of the utmost importance for training and innovative surgical strategies assessment. At present commercial physical simulators are limited to single or only a few anatomical structures and these are often just standard anatomies.

Methods

This paper describes a strategy to produce patient‐specific abdominal silicone organs with realistic shapes and colors, starting from radiological images. Synthetic organs can be assembled in a complex physical simulator or, if paired with electromagnetic sensors, in a hybrid environment (mixed reality) to quantify deformations caused by surgical action.

Results

A physical trunk phantom with liver, gallbladder, pancreas and a sensorized stomach has been developed. It is coupled with consistent radiological images and a 3D model of the entire upper abdomen. The simulator has been evaluated in quantitative and qualitative terms to quantify its accuracy and utility, respectively.

Conclusions

This simulator can be used in the field of abdominal surgery to train students and as a testing environment to assess and validate innovative surgical technologies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Fish Cell Culture Model to Investigate the Impact of Fish Oil Replacement on Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Gregory Melissa K. , King Hamish W. , Bain Peter A. , Gibson Robert A. , Tocher Douglas R. , Schuller Kathryn A.
Published: April 2011

Fish oils are rich in omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA), predominantly 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3, whereas vegetable oils contain abundant C18‐PUFA, predominantly 18:3n‐3 or 18:2n‐6. We hypothesized that replacement of fish oils with vegetable oils would increase the oxidative stability of fish lipids. Here we have used the long established and easily cultivated FHM cell line derived from the freshwater fish species fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to test this hypothesis. The FHM cells were readily able to synthesize 20:5n‐3 and 24:6n‐3 from 18:3n‐3 but 22:6n‐3 synthesis was negligible. Also, they were readily able to synthesize 20:3n‐6 from 18:2n‐6 but 20:4n‐6 synthesis was negligible. Mitochondrial β‐oxidation was greatest for 18:3n‐3 and 20:5n‐3 and the rates for 16:0, 18:2n‐6, 22:6n‐3 and 18:1n‐9 were significantly lower. Fatty acid incorporation was predominantly into phospholipids (79–97%) with very little incorporation into neutral lipids. Increasing the fatty acid concentration in the growth medium substantially increased the concentrations of 18:3n‐3 and 18:2n‐6 in the cell phospholipids but this was not the case for 20:5n‐3 or 22:6n‐3. When they were subjected to oxidative stress, the FHM cells supplemented with either 20:5n‐3 or 22:6n‐3 (as compared with 18:3n‐3 or saturated fatty acids) exhibited significantly higher levels of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) indicating higher levels of lipid peroxidation. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of fatty acid unsaturation on the oxidative stability of cellular lipids and the implications for sustainable aquaculture.