bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Threatening the endangered: Uncovering endangered elasmobranchs and factors perpetuating the Tanzanian shark‐fin trade
Authors: Rumisha Cyrus , Barongo Deusdedith , Saiperaki Jackson L. , Materu Silvia F. , Mdegela Robinson H.
Published: May 2024

Despite global conservation efforts, elasmobranchs still face increased fishing pressure due to high demand for their products. Although certain species have been afforded international and local protection, the high value of their products in international markets incentivises the trade of protected species covertly within marketed fish products. To address the problem, we amplified fragments of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (approximately 595 base pairs) from 164 elasmobranch fins collected from fish markets in Tanzania to test whether protected species and those of conservation concern are among these specimens. Similarly, we conducted 130 in‐depth key informant interviews with stakeholders involved in the elasmobranch‐fin trade to gather diverse perspectives on the factors perpetuating the trade. Our findings revealed fifteen elasmobranch species, with requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae) and wedgefishes (Rhinidae) accounting for 44.1% and 33.8% of the fins, respectively. Alarmingly, over 70% of the traded fins originated from threatened elasmobranchs, with 36.8% sourced from critically endangered species. Unexpectedly, almost 9% of the traded fins were sourced from two nationally protected species, Carcharhinus longimanus and Alopias pelagicus, highlighting the existence of regulatory gaps that require immediate attention. Similarly, 91.2% of traded fins were sourced from CITES‐listed species, emphasising the severity of the problem. The interviews highlighted technological challenges in tracking the trade, limited awareness of trade impacts on elasmobranch sustainability, scarce surveillance resources, inadequate training to identify routes and offenders and lack of public support as the main factors perpetuating the trade. Addressing these issues necessitates a total ban on elasmobranch‐fin trade, coupled with increased funding for enforcement agencies, providing specialised training for law enforcement personnel, launching public awareness campaigns and promoting community‐based monitoring and collaboration with international organisations. By doing so, Tanzania can effectively safeguard the sustainability of threatened elasmobranchs and advance global conservation efforts for these fishes.
A new bicornuate model of rat uterus transplantation
Authors: Polenz Dietrich , Sauer Igor Maximilian , Martin Friederike , Reutzel‐Selke Anja , Ashraf Muhammad Imtiaz , Schirmeier Anja , Lippert Steffen , Führer Kirsten , Pratschke Johann , Tullius Stefan Günther , Moosburner Simon
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Uterus transplantation has revolutionized reproductive medicine for women with absolute uterine factor infertility, resulting in more than 40 reported successful live births worldwide to date. Small animal models are pivotal to refine this surgical and immunological challenging procedure aiming to enhance safety for both the mother and the child.

Material and Methods

We established a syngeneic bicornuate uterus transplantation model in young female Lewis rats. All surgical procedures were conducted by an experienced and skilled microsurgeon who organized the learning process into multiple structured steps. Animals underwent meticulous preoperative preparation and postoperative care. Transplant success was monitored by sequential biopsies, monitoring graft viability and documenting histological changes long‐term.

Results

Bicornuate uterus transplantation were successfully established achieving an over 70% graft survival rate with the passage of time. The bicornuate model demonstrated safety and feasibility, yielding outcomes comparable to the unicornuate model in terms of ischemia times and complications. Longitudinal biopsies were well‐tolerated, enabling comprehensive monitoring throughout the study.

Conclusions

Our novel bicornuate rat uterus transplantation model provides a distinctive opportunity for sequential biopsies at various intervals after transplantation and, therefore, comprehensive monitoring of graft health, viability, and identification of potential signs of rejection. Furthermore, this model allows for different interventions in each horn for comparative studies without interobserver differences contrary to the established unicornuate model. By closely replicating the clinical setting, this model stands as a valuable tool for ongoing research in the field of uterus transplantation, promoting further innovation and deeper insights into the intricacies of the uterus transplant procedure.
Machine perfusion organ preservation: Highlights from the American Transplant Congress 2023
Authors: Faria Isabella , Canizares Stalin , Devos Lene , Strom Charles , Battula Narendra , Eckhoff Devin E. , Martins Paulo N.
Published: May 2024

The American Transplant Congress (ATC) 2023, held in San Diego, California, emerged as a pivotal platform showcasing the latest advancements in organ machine perfusion, a key area in solid organ and tissue transplantation. This year's congress, attended by over 4500 participants, including leading experts, emphasized innovations in machine perfusion technologies across various organ types, including liver, kidney, heart, and lung. A total of 85 abstracts on organ machine perfusion were identified. Noteworthy advancements included the use of normothermic machine perfusion in mitigating ex‐situ reperfusion injury in liver transplantation, the potential of biomarkers in assessing organ quality, and the impact of machine perfusion on graft survival and ischemic cholangiopathy incidence. Kidney transplantation saw promising developments in novel preservation methods, such as subzero storage and pulsatile perfusion. Heart and lung sessions revealed significant progress in preservation techniques, including metabolic alterations to extend organ preservation time. The conference also highlighted the growing interest in machine perfusion applications in pediatric transplantation, multi‐visceral organ recovery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, and discussions on novel technologies for monitoring and optimizing perfusion protocols. Additionally, ATC 2023 included critical discussions on ethical concerns, legal implications, and the evolving definition of death in the era of machine preservation, illustrating the complex landscape of transplantation science. Overall, ATC 2023 showcased significant strides in machine perfusion and continued its tradition of fostering global knowledge exchange, further cementing machine perfusion's role as a transformative force in improving transplant outcomes and expanding the donor pool.
From evidence to practice: A systematic review‐based diagnostic algorithm for paediatric eosinophilia across socioeconomic context
Authors: Pellegrino Roberta , Tosca Mariangela , Timitilli Edoardo , Naso Matteo , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Galli Luisa , del Giudice Michele Miraglia , Chiappini Elena
Published: May 2024

Aim

Paediatric eosinophilia is a common clinical dilemma, often leading to resource‐ and time‐consuming assessments. We aim to evaluate the main aetiologies of eosinophilia in children from different socioeconomic settings and propose a diagnostic algorithm.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted through PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Studies published from January 2012 to June 2023 reporting the incidence and aetiology of peripheral eosinophilia in children were included. Evidence from studies on children originating from low‐ or high‐income countries was compared.

Results

A total of 15 observational studies, encompassing 3409 children, were included. The causes of eosinophilia varied based on the children's origin and the eosinophilia severity. In children from high‐income countries, allergic diseases were the leading cause, with a prevalence of 7.7%–78.2%, while parasitosis ranged from 1.0% to 9.1%. In children from low‐income countries, parasitosis was predominant, ranging from 17.7% to 88.3%, although allergic diseases were found in 2.5%–4.8% of cases. Concerning severity, allergic diseases were the leading cause of mild‐to‐moderate eosinophilia; parasitosis was associated with moderate‐to‐severe eosinophilia, while immunological disorders were mostly found in severe cases.

Conclusion

We developed a step‐up diagnostic algorithm that considers the child's origin and eosinophilia severity and could optimise resource allocation.
The use of opioids nine months after surgery for Crohn's disease – a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Nørgård Bente Mertz , Thorarinsson Caroline Thingholm , Zegers Floor Dijkstra , Kjeldsen Jens , Dalal Rahul S. , Lund Ken , Knudsen Torben
Published: May 2024

Background

The risk of chronic opioid use after surgery for Crohn's disease (CD) is not known.

Aim

The aim of this study is to examine the chronic opioid use after surgery according to age at time of surgery and to opioid use prior to surgery.

Methods

This nationwide cohort study included patients with a first surgery for CD (January 1, 1996 through 2021). We examined prescribed opioids 9 months after surgery and estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) for chronic opioid use in elderly (≥60 years), adults (≥40 and <60 years), and young adults (≥18 and <40 years) according to opioid use prior to surgery. Chronic opioid use was defined as prescriptions in at least two of three consecutive quarters.

Results

A total of 797 patients had surgery as elderly, 1603 as adults, and 2786 as young adults. Across all age groups, 18%–38% received opioid prescriptions throughout 9 months after surgery, if opioids were prescribed prior to surgery. If opioids were not prescribed prior to surgery, the corresponding proportions were 2%–5%. If patients were prescribed opioids (≥1) prior to surgery, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for their chronic use after surgery in elderly, adults, and young adults were 10.37 (6.77–15.88), 10.48 (7.74–14.19), and 6.55 (4.93–8.72), respectively.

Conclusion

Clinicians should be aware that in patients with a need for opioids before surgery, the surgery may not change the need for opioids. Future research should examine effective analgesic strategies that help minimise opioid use in this population.
Lead poisoning of raptors: state of the science and cross‐discipline mitigation options for a global problem
Authors: Katzner Todd E. , Pain Deborah J. , McTee Michael , Brown Leland , Cuadros Sandra , Pokras Mark , Slabe Vincent A. , Watson Richard T. , Wiemeyer Guillermo , Bedrosian Bryan , Hampton Jordan O. , Parish Chris N. , Pay James M. , Saito Keisuke , Schulz John H.
Published: May 2024

Lead poisoning is an important global conservation problem for many species of wildlife, especially raptors. Despite the increasing number of individual studies and regional reviews of lead poisoning of raptors, it has been over a decade since this information has been compiled into a comprehensive global review. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge of lead poisoning of raptors, we review developments in manufacturing of non‐lead ammunition, the use of which can reduce the most pervasive source of lead these birds encounter, and we compile data on voluntary and regulatory mitigation options and their associated sociological context. We support our literature review with case studies of mitigation actions, largely provided by the conservation practitioners who study or manage these efforts. Our review illustrates the growing awareness and understanding of lead exposure of raptors, and it shows that the science underpinning this understanding has expanded considerably in recent years. We also show that the political and social appetite for managing lead ammunition appears to vary substantially across administrative regions, countries, and continents. Improved understanding of the drivers of this variation could support more effective mitigation of lead exposure of wildlife. This review also shows that mitigation strategies are likely to be most effective when they are outcome driven, consider behavioural theory, local cultures, and environmental conditions, effectively monitor participation, compliance, and levels of raptor exposure, and support both environmental and human health.
Social interactions and information use by foraging seabirds
Authors: Monier Samantha Anne
Published: May 2024

What do seabirds perceive about the world? How do they do so? And how do they use the information available to them to make foraging decisions? Social cues provide seabirds with information about the location of prey. This can, of course, be passive and not involve higher‐order cognitive processes (e.g. simple conspecific or heterospecific attraction). However, seabirds display many behaviours that promote learning and the transmission of information between individuals: the vast majority of seabirds are colonial living, have an extended juvenile phase that affords them time to learn, routinely form intra‐ and interspecific associations, and can flexibly deploy a combination of foraging tactics. It is worth evaluating their foraging interactions in light of this. This review describes how seabirds use social information both at the colony and at sea to forage, and discusses the variation that exists both across species and amongst individuals. It is clear that social interactions are a critical and beneficial component of seabird foraging, with most of the variation concerning the way and extent to which social information is used, rather than whether it is used. While it may seem counterintuitive that large groups of potential competitors congregating at a patch can result in foraging gains, such aggregations can alter species dynamics in ways that promote coexistence. This review explores how competitive interference at a patch can be mitigated by behavioural modifications and niche segregation. Utilising others for foraging success (e.g. via social cues and facilitation at a patch) is likely to make population declines particularly damaging to seabirds if the quantity or quality of their social foraging interactions is reduced. Environmental changes have the potential to disrupt their social networks and thus, how these species obtain food and transfer information.
“Tell me who your friends are, and I will tell you who you are:” The contribution of peers to adolescents' values
Authors: Benish‐Weisman Maya
Published: May 2024

Values serve as guiding principles, motivating specific behaviors, and actions. Peers spend a considerable amount of time together, thus offering a unique platform for the acquisition and development of values. During adolescence, a stage of life when youth are actively defining their identities, peers emerge as vital social agents, contributing significantly to the process of value formation. In this article, I examine the ways peers contribute to the development of youth's values, with a focus on basic personal values theory. This theory sheds light on how and why peers play a role in shaping the values of adolescents. It examines the phenomenon of similarity in peer values (values similarity) and explores how factors such as gender, age, and culture act as potential moderators in the relation between peers' and youth's values similarity. I conclude by summarizing key insights and proposing directions for research.
Diagnostic challenges in patients with reninomas and extrarenal renin‐producing tumours
Authors: Fabian Botond , Ragnarsson Oskar , Prazic Aleksandar , Rydén Mikael , Volpe Cristina , Lindgren Ola
Published: May 2024

Renin‐secreting tumours are rare causes of secondary hypertension and hypokalaemia. They are usually surgically curable, hence proper diagnostic work‐up and tumour localisation is essential. In this paper, we present three Swedish patients recently diagnosed with renin secreting tumours, two with reninomas and one with an extrarenal renin‐producing tumour, to illustrate diagnostic challenges. We also discuss the biochemical work‐up, the pros and cons of different imaging techniques (computer tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography‐CT), as well as how renal vein sampling (RVC) may contribute to localisation of the tumour.
Family Management and Historical Origins: The Italian Experience
Authors: Cardullo Gabriele , Conti Maurizio , Damiani Mirella , Ricci Andrea , Scicchitano Sergio , Sulis Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Research Question/Issue

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the long‐run determinants of the corporate structure of Italian firms to explain the persistent role of a long‐run tradition of civic capital that has favored interpersonal trust, fostered cooperation outside of the narrow ties of family members and limited the diffusion of family businesses managed predominantly by family members.

Research Findings/Insights

We examined a large sample of Italian listed and not listed firms and identified those that operate in current municipalities that in the past used to be independent communes. Such firms featuring experiences of civic engagement are today less likely to be owned by a family and run by family management.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Our findings highlight the role of institutions as drivers of corporate governance and signal that long forgotten institutions, by modifying local social capital, may interact with family social capital and have important persistent effects on current corporate governance arrangements. Therefore, significant elements of path dependency may explain current patterns of unbundling of ownership and management.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Persistent corporate governance structures are difficult even for policymakers to modify. Our findings suggest that political measures should favor the accumulation of social capital at the local level when aiming to change ownership and management arrangements and limit the misallocation of resources due to family management.
Fibroadenoma of the vulva with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: A common neoplasm in uncommon site
Authors: Homsi Haya A. , Sharma Anurag , Przybycin Christopher , Piliang Melissa
Published: May 2024

Mammary‐type tissue in the vulva was first described in 1872 but has been rarely reported in the literature. This tissue was previously considered as ectopic breast tissue that occurs as a result of incomplete regression of the milk line. Similar to native breast tissue, ectopic mammary tissue is hormone‐sensitive and can develop benign changes, such as fibroadenoma, as well as malignant changes. A more recent theory suggests that these benign and malignant mammary‐type entities arise from mammary‐like anogenital glands, which constitute normal vulvar components. We report a case of a 41‐year‐old woman who presented with a chronic asymptomatic cyst on the left vulva that eventually became uncomfortable, especially on standing. The cyst was located on the labium minus, measuring 1.0 × 0.5 cm, with no identified erythema or other skin abnormalities. Excision of the lesion and subsequent microscopic examination showed a circumscribed mass with a nodular overgrowth of epithelial and stromal components, resembling a mammary fibroadenoma with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. We bring to attention this rare diagnosis and the importance of considering it in the presence of a vulvar lesion. The malignant and recurrence potential of mammary‐type tissue necessitates excision with clear margins and close monitoring of these patients.
Short‐term number sense training recapitulates long‐term neurodevelopmental changes from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Park Yunji , Zhang Yuan , Chang Hyesang , Menon Vinod
Published: May 2024

Number sense is fundamental to the development of numerical problem‐solving skills. In early childhood, children establish associations between non‐symbolic (e.g., a set of dots) and symbolic (e.g., Arabic numerals) representations of quantity. The developmental estrangement theory proposes that the relationship between non‐symbolic and symbolic representations of quantity evolves with age, with increased dissociation across development. Consistent with this theory, recent research suggests that cross‐format neural representational similarity (NRS) between non‐symbolic and symbolic quantities is correlated with arithmetic fluency in children but not in adolescents. However, it is not known if short‐term training (STT) can induce similar changes as long‐term development. In this study, children aged 7–10 years underwent a theoretically motivated 4‐week number sense training. Using multivariate neural pattern analysis, we investigated whether short‐term learning could modify the relation between cross‐format NRS and arithmetic skills. Our results revealed a significant correlation between cross‐format NRS and arithmetic fluency in distributed brain regions, including the parietal and prefrontal cortices, prior to training. However, this association was no longer observed after training, and multivariate predictive models confirmed these findings. Our findings provide evidence that intensive STT during early childhood can promote behavioral improvements and neural plasticity that resemble and recapitulate long‐term neurodevelopmental changes that occur from childhood to adolescence. More generally, our study contributes to our understanding of the malleability of number sense and highlights the potential for targeted interventions to shape neurodevelopmental trajectories in early childhood.

Research Highlights

We tested the hypothesis that short‐term number sense training induces the dissociation of symbolic numbers from non‐symbolic representations of quantity in children.

We leveraged a theoretically motivated intervention and multivariate pattern analysis to determine training‐induced neurocognitive changes in the relation between number sense and arithmetic problem‐solving skills.

Neural representational similarity between non‐symbolic and symbolic quantity representations was correlated with arithmetic skills before training but not after training.

Short‐term training recapitulates long‐term neurodevelopmental changes associated with numerical problem‐solving from childhood to adolescence.
Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as first‐line treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A long‐term analysis of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG) registry
Authors: Kutsch Nadine , Giza Adam , Robrecht Sandra , Stumpf Janina , Federhen Anno , Stoltefuß Andrea , Vehling‐Kaiser Ursula , Koenigsmann Michael , Tausch Eugen , Schneider Christof , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Illmer Thomas , Schlag Rudolf , Dörfel Steffen , Gaska Tobias , Kiehl Michael , Müller‐Hagen Sigrun , Moorahrend Enno , Linde Hartmut , Schlenska‐Lange Anke , von Tresckow Julia , Fischer Kirsten , Eichhorst Barbara , Hallek Michael , Fink Anna Maria
Published: May 2024

Long‐term data of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with favorable risk who were treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) within clinical trials show good efficacy. We here report long‐term data collected within the GCLLSG registry. Altogether, 417 CLL patients who received first‐line treatment with FCR were analyzed, of which 293 (70.3%) were treated outside of clinical trials. The median observation time from first‐line was 95.8 (interquartile range 58.7–126.8) months. Focusing on data of 194 (46.5%) patients who received FCR first‐line treatment after 2013 (start of data collection within GCLLSG registry), responses were documented in 85% of the patients, non‐responses in 15%, and for 3.6% the assessment was missing. Median event‐free survival (EFS, time until disease progression, subsequent treatment, or death) was 60.2 months with a 5‐year EFS‐rate of 50.6%. Patients with higher‐risk disease, characterized by unmutated IGHV (N = 78), had a median EFS of 45.4 months with a 5‐year EFS rate of 36.3%, while the median EFS was 77.5 months with a 5‐year EFS rate of 60.3% in patients with mutated IGHV (N = 40). Median overall survival was not reached with a 5‐year survival rate of 92.7%. In summary, first‐line FCR was associated with long EFS, especially in patients exhibiting a mutated IGHV status.
Ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 disease: Effective presymptomatic therapy—Oldest case of a presymptomatic enzyme therapy
Authors: Breuillard Delphine , Ouss Lisa , Le Normand Marie Thérèse , Denis Timothée de Saint , Barnerias Christine , Robert Matthieu P. , Eisermann Monika , Boddaert Nathalie , Caillaud Catherine , Bahi‐Buisson Nadia , Desguerre Isabelle , Aubart Mélodie
Published: May 2024

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease is a rare, lysosomal storage disorder that causes pediatric onset neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by mutations in the TPP1 gene. Symptoms begin between 2 and 4 years of age with loss of previously acquired motor, cognitive, and language abilities. Cerliponase alfa, a recombinant human TPP1 enzyme, is the only approved therapy. We report the first presymptomatic cerliponase alfa intraventricular treatment in a familial case of CLN2 related to a classical TPP1 variant. Sister 1 presented with motor, cognitive, and language decline and progressive myoclonic epilepsy since the age of 3 years, evolved with severe diffuse encephalopathy, received no specific treatment, and died at 11 years. Sister 2 had a CLN2 presymptomatic diagnosis and has been treated with cerliponase since she was 12 months old. She is now 6 years 8 months and has no CLN2 symptom except one generalized seizure 1 year ago. No serious adverse event has occurred. Repeated Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition standardized index scores are heterogeneous in the extremely low to low average ranges. Mean length of utterances, a global index of sentence complexity, showed a delay, but a gradual improvement. The reported case enhances the major contribution of presymptomatic diagnosis and significant middle‐term treatment benefit for patients with CLN2.
A seven‐step guide to spatial, agent‐based modelling of tumour evolution
Authors: Colyer Blair , Bak Maciej , Basanta David , Noble Robert
Published: May 2024

Spatial agent‐based models are frequently used to investigate the evolution of solid tumours subject to localized cell–cell interactions and microenvironmental heterogeneity. As spatial genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies gain traction, spatial computational models are predicted to become ever more necessary for making sense of complex clinical and experimental data sets, for predicting clinical outcomes, and for optimizing treatment strategies. Here we present a non‐technical step by step guide to developing such a model from first principles. Stressing the importance of tailoring the model structure to that of the biological system, we describe methods of increasing complexity, from the basic Eden growth model up to off‐lattice simulations with diffusible factors. We examine choices that unavoidably arise in model design, such as implementation, parameterization, visualization and reproducibility. Each topic is illustrated with examples drawn from recent research studies and state of the art modelling platforms. We emphasize the benefits of simpler models that aim to match the complexity of the phenomena of interest, rather than that of the entire biological system. Our guide is aimed at both aspiring modellers and other biologists and oncologists who wish to understand the assumptions and limitations of the models on which major cancer studies now so often depend.
Role of micro‐constituents on the fatigue deformation micro‐mechanisms of IN 713 C alloy
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Chandra Sharat , Sahoo Biraj Kumar , Paulose Neeta
Published: May 2024

The cast IN 713 C alloy is extensively used in the aerospace and automobile industries. Even with improved casting methods, the inhomogeneity in the microstructure is still inevitable and causes strain localizations during cyclic loading. So far, the effect of microstructural variables on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) deformation behavior of IN 713 C alloy has rarely been studied. In this study, IN 713 C alloy is LCF tested at 650°C and 750°C for strain amplitudes of 0.35% to 0.6%. The results showed that the deformation heterogeneity resulted from carbides, γ′ precipitates, and γ–γ′ eutectics distribution, governing the LCF failure micro‐mechanisms. The principle fatigue cracks were seen to be initiated from the precipitate‐free zone and oxidized‐surface carbides. It is corroborated that the higher GNDs were observed at carbide/matrix, eutectic/matrix, γ′/matrix interfaces, and in the interdendritic areas where voids and cracks formed. The higher GNDs at these sites facilitate crack initiation and propagation.
Preference of treatment characteristics among people with haemophilia or their caregivers, and physicians in the Japanese healthcare environment
Authors: Fujii Teruhisa , Ishimura Masataka , Takao Satomi , Deguchi Ayumi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Studies of treatment preferences in haemophilia have been conducted in many countries. This study is the first to examine treatment characteristic preferences among people with haemophilia (PWH) and their caregivers, and physicians in Japan.

Aim

To examine current treatment preferences of PWH and their caregivers, plus those of physicians at haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) and non‐HTCs for different treatment characteristics in Japan.

Methods

Physicians listed on a survey panel were invited to participate in the survey and to refer PWH and caregivers to participate in the survey. Web‐based surveys were conducted to examine physician and PWH/caregiver background, prophylaxis background, prophylaxis goals, understanding of haemophilia treatment products, important information sources, preferences while choosing prophylaxis products, understanding of the patient's condition, and potential product switching. A discrete choice experiment exercise was included in the survey.

Results

A total of 107 physicians and 44 PWH/caregivers participated in the study. Key treatment goals of physicians included optimisation of haemophilia management. PWH/caregivers were focused on quality of life and reduced treatment burden. Consistent differences in haemophilia treatment strategies at HTCs and non‐HTCs were observed for prescribed treatments, preferences in choosing prophylaxis products, understanding of patients’ condition, and reasons for potential product switch.

Conclusion

Our study utilises real‐world survey data and presents preferences for haemophilia treatment characteristics among physicians, PWH and their caregivers in Japan, which could encourage improvements in individualised treatment and disease management. Alignment between treatment approaches at HTCs and non‐HTCs could facilitate improvements in the quality of care for PWH across Japan.
Assessing the perceived value of a user‐led educational intervention to support recovery in a Swedish psychiatric organization: A qualitative case study
Authors: Reinius Maria , Al‐Adili Lina , Riggare Sara , Rodriguez Inka Helispää , Stenfors Terese , Brommels Mats
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Many people with mental health issues recover and re‐establish their identity and find hope and meaning in life, irrespective of symptom burden. Recovery can be supported through learning and education, aiming at strengthening self‐management and coping skills. Such education offered by peers with lived experience is rare and scarcely reported. The aim was to assess the perceived value of an educational intervention, called the Patient School (PS), organized within a psychiatry organization by employed patient peers with lived experience.

Methods

A qualitative case study based on interviews with people with mental health issues (n = 8), peer‐organizers (n = 4) and healthcare professionals (n = 4), and documents such as schedules and educational materials were used. First, the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive conventional content analysis. Second, the findings were synthesized into a programme theory, illustrated in a logic model.

Results

The perceived value of the PS was related to the willingness of peer‐organizers to share their own experiences, a sense of belonging, sharing with like‐minded and new knowledge, practical skills, roles and attitudes acquired. These experiences were empowering, decreased stigma and reassured user participants that one's identity is not defined by mental health issues. This increased self‐confidence paves the way for increased self‐management and creates a potential for a more efficient use of healthcare services.

Conclusion

We conclude that this PS, organized within a psychiatry organization by salaried peers, achieved the same positive results as those reported in the literature and showed the value of having peer‐organizers being part of the staff.

Patient or Public Contribution

This research was performed in a partnership between academic researchers and persons with user experience of psychiatric services, engaged in the educational intervention in the focus of the study. The research plan was co‐designed, and the analysis of the data collected was performed in collaboration. The participation of the co‐researchers with user experience gave the project team access to the study site, provided the team with insights into to study context and contributed with an understanding promoting the interpretation of the findings.
Outcomes of sequential third‐line therapies in patients with refractory overactive bladder
Authors: Chow Po‐Ming , Trump Tyler , Goldman Howard B.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) and onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNTA) injection are third‐line therapies for overactive bladder (OAB). Although the efficacy of each third‐line treatment has been well established in clinical trials, there is far less information about performing one third‐line therapy after the other. Our aim is thus to investigate the outcomes of post‐SNM BoNTA and post‐BoNTA SNM as “second” third‐line treatments.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all OAB patients who had both SNM and BoNTA between 2013 and 2022. The primary endpoint was the response rates (>50% improvements) of the second third‐line treatments. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of the patients who achieved total dry, the duration of treatments of patients who had significant responses, and risk factors that are associated with treatment response or duration of treatments.

Results

A total of 172 patients had two third‐line therapies. There were 104 patients who had post‐SNM BoNTA and 68 patients who had post‐BoNTA SNM. In the post‐SNM BoNTA group, 62.5% (65/104) had significant responses after BoNTA treatment. In the post‐BoNTA SNM group, 61.8% (44/68) had significant responses after SNM treatment. The proportions of patients who became dry were 21.2% and 23.5%, respectively. In the post‐SNM BoNTA group, spinal pathology is associated with a lower probability of a significant response (48.9% vs. 73.7%, p‐value = 0.0105).

Conclusions

BoNTA or SNM remains a viable option for refractory OAB after patients fail from one another. Spinal pathology is associated with a poorer response of post‐SNM BoNTA.
Professional values gained in postgraduate nursing education from the perspectives of master's and doctorate graduates: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Yalniz Nazik , Şenyuva Emine , Görügen Ümran
Published: May 2024

Aim

To determine the professional values of graduates of master's and doctoral programs in nursing and their views on the contribution of postgraduate education to their professional values.

Background

In postgraduate education, which is an important catalyst of professional identity development, a professional is expected to specialize in a field, get into more depth professionally, internalize professional values, and reflect and strengthen these values. To shed light on this expectation, more information is needed to assess the impact of postgraduate education on professional values.

Methods

A convergent parallel mixed‐methods design was used. Data were collected for the quantitative part of the study for 385 graduates of postgraduate nursing education programs in Turkey who were selected using the snowball sampling method, while the maximum variation sampling method was used to collect data from 12 individuals for the qualitative part of the study. The Nurses Professional Values Scale (NPVS) and a Semi‐Structured Interview Form were used to collect data in October‐December 2022. The quantitative data obtained in the study were analyzed using the SPSS software, and the qualitative data were analyzed using the MAXQDA software.

Results

The mean total NPVS score of the participants was 130.32 ± 21.34 (possible range: 31–155). Among all dimensions, the highest mean score of the participants was in the caring dimension, followed by professionalism and activism. There were significant differences in the NPVS total and subscale scores of the participants based on their views on the contributions of age, institution where they worked, marital status, position at work, and postgraduate education to the acquisition of professional values. In the qualitative dimension of the study, two main themes were identified. One of these themes was the theme of professional values in postgraduate nursing education that covered the categories of professional values gained through postgraduate education, professional values that a nurse who has completed postgraduate education should have, and professional values in postgraduate nursing education. The second theme was the theme named recommendations for providing nurses with professional values through postgraduate education. The integration of data from both components indicated that the qualitative interviews enriched the quantitative findings.

Conclusion

It was concluded that postgraduate nursing education programs contribute greatly to the professional values of graduates and strengthen their professional values.

Implications for nursing and health policy

For the future of nursing, increasing professional strengths and visibility is significantly associated with professional values. This situation requires nurses with strong professional values. Graduate education programs in nursing should be developed in this direction and focus on development of professional values.
Fabrication and properties of pink 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramics with high toughness
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yang Yudie , Chen Haohong , Zhang Lixuan , Jing Yanqiu , Hu Chen , Chen Penghui , Li Tingsong , Ivanov Maxim , Hreniak Dariusz , Li Jiang
Published: May 2024

To broaden the applications of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in mobile phone back panels and high‐end decorative materials, the 3 mol% YSZ (3YSZ) ceramics doped with erbium oxide (Er2O3) as colorant were successfully sintered at 1250 and 1350°C in air. The influences of Er2O3‐doping concentration and sintering temperature on the phase, microstructure, color, and mechanical properties of the pink Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics were investigated. As the Er2O3 concentration increased, the redness value a* gradually increased, while the yellowness value b* and the lightness value L* gradually decreased. The highest value a* and b* of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached absolute values of 15.2 and 4.5, respectively. The effect of Er2O3 concentration is also depicted in detail, which also affects the mechanical properties including hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics. The maximum hardness and fracture toughness of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached 13.9 ± 0.3 GPa and 6.21 ± 0.20 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The hardness of the ceramics exceeds 12.5 GPa, which is the required market index for further practical application. This work provides a method for preparing 3YSZ ceramics with excellent mechanical properties and bright pink color, which has the potential to be used in the fields of advanced and superior electronics in particular.
Traversing the Great Lakes: Post‐glacial colonization by a widespread terrestrial salamander
Authors: Waldron Brian P. , Watts Emily F. , Kuchta Shawn R.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Glacial retreat at the end of the Pleistocene epoch opened vast expanses of emergent habitat in the northern hemisphere that were colonized by opportunistic taxa. However, species that undergo post‐glacial expansion may have originated from one or several glacial refugia. We inferred the post‐glacial expansion history of the Eastern Red‐backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus), a fully terrestrial species with a vast distribution despite severe dispersal limitations. Previous studies indicated populations south of the glacial boundary at the eastern and western limits of the distribution were closely related, suggesting either multiple refugia or an extraordinary post‐glacial expansion event.

Location

Eastern North America.

Taxon

Plethodon cinereus (Green, 1818), Caudata: Plethodontidae.

Methods

We collected ddRAD‐seq data from 106 individuals throughout the distribution of P. cinereus. We estimated phylogeographic structure, including finer‐scale structure among the post‐glacial populations. To test the origins and routes of colonization, we used ecological niche modelling, population trees and analyses of directional range expansion.

Results

Analyses supported our hypothesis of a southeastern glacial refugium, with northward expansion along the Eastern Seaboard prior to westward invasion into the Great Lakes region, including southwestern expansion into unglaciated areas at the western end of the distribution. However, a distinct subgroup in the northwestern portion of the range raises the possibility of a second refugium near the ice‐free Driftless Area.

Main Conclusions

Based on our results, we hypothesize a southeastern refugium from which most of today's northern populations undertook extensive post‐glacial colonization. Our results indicate a geographically non‐linear colonization history for P. cinereus.
Identification of Helicobacter pylori‐carcinogenic TNF‐alpha‐inducing protein inhibitors via daidzein derivatives through computational approaches
Authors: Tayyeb Jehad Zuhair , Mondal Shibam , Anisur Rahman Md , Kumar Swapon , Bayıl Imren , Akash Shopnil , Hossain Md. Sarowar , Alqahtani Taha , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Oliveira Jonas Ivan Nobre
Published: May 2024

Gastric cancer is considered a class 1 carcinogen that is closely linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which affects over 1 million people each year. However, the major challenge to fight against H. pylori and its associated gastric cancer due to drug resistance. This research gap had led our research team to investigate a potential drug candidate targeting the Helicobacter pylori‐carcinogenic TNF‐alpha‐inducing protein. In this study, a total of 45 daidzein derivatives were investigated and the best 10 molecules were comprehensively investigated using in silico approaches for drug development, namely pass prediction, quantum calculations, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, Lipinski rule evaluation, and prediction of pharmacokinetics. The molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the binding affinity between the target protein and the ligands. In addition, the stability of ligand–protein complexes was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Various parameters were analysed, including root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD), root‐mean‐square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), hydrogen bond analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic cross‐correlation matrix (DCCM). The results has confirmed that the ligand–protein complex CID: 129661094 (07) and 129664277 (08) formed stable interactions with the target protein. It was also found that CID: 129661094 (07) has greater hydrogen bond occupancy and stability, while the ligand–protein complex CID 129664277 (08) has greater conformational flexibility. Principal component analysis revealed that the ligand–protein complex CID: 129661094 (07) is more compact and stable. Hydrogen bond analysis revealed favourable interactions with the reported amino acid residues. Overall, this study suggests that daidzein derivatives in particular show promise as potential inhibitors of H. pylori.
Dynamic liver volume change in predicting hepatic decompensation and long‐term effects of stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Lee Sumin , Choi Jonggi , Park Jin‐hong , Lim Chae Yeon , Yang Eunyeong , Yoon Sang Min , Jung Jinhong
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

This study aimed to investigate the association between liver volume change and hepatic decompensation and compare the risk of hepatic decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods

A retrospective review of SBRT‐treated HCC and compensated LC without HCC patients was conducted. Liver volume was measured using auto‐segmentation software on liver dynamic computed tomography scans. The decompensation event was defined as the first occurrence of refractory ascites, esophageal variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. We evaluated the association between the rate of liver volume decrease and hepatic decompensation and compared decompensation events between the SBRT and LC cohorts using propensity score matching.

Results

A total of 138 patients from the SBRT cohort and 488 from the LC cohort were analyzed. The rate of liver volume decrease was associated with the risk of decompensation events in both cohorts. The 3‐year rate of decompensation events was significantly higher in the group with a liver volume decreasing rate > 7%/year compared with the group with a rate < 7%/year. In the propensity score‐matched cohort, the 3‐year rate of decompensation events after a single session of SBRT was not significantly different from that in the LC cohort.

Conclusions

The rate of liver volume decrease was significantly associated with the risk of hepatic decompensation in both HCC patients who received SBRT and LC patients. A single session of SBRT for HCC did not result in a higher decompensation rate compared with LC.
‘It's not something I really think about’: Parents' perspectives and practices about how much food to offer in early childhood
Authors: Vidal Leticia , Brunet Gerónimo , Girona Alejandra , Machín Leandro , Curutchet María R. , de León Carolina , Ares Gastón
Published: May 2024

Children are born with an innate capacity to self‐regulate their energy intake, but cues from the food environment can undermine children's self‐regulation, promoting overconsumption, and challenging energy balance. The size of the portion offered by parents and caregivers has been shown to be correlated with how much food children consume, which is known as the portion size effect. Furthermore, some parental feeding practices may interfere with children's ability to self‐regulate. The present research explored parents' perspectives and practices about how much food they offer to their children in Uruguay. Forty‐two in‐depth interviews with parents of children between 6 months and 5 years old were conducted. Results showed that parental decisions about portion sizes for their children were mostly unconscious and intuitive. Parents were unconcerned about portion sizes, mainly due to the belief that children are able to self‐regulate. Although parents identified themselves as mainly responsible for deciding how much food to serve their children, the majority reported to be responsive when their child refuses to eat or finish their meal, or when they request to eat more. Coercive feeding practices were only mentioned by a minority of parents.

Practical Applications

Results from the present work stress the need to raise awareness of children's vulnerability to portion size effects, since portion size selection seems to be a highly arbitrary process. Further research is needed to identify the best approaches to disseminate information among parents and caregivers to promote appropriate portion sizes for children, as well as responsive feeding practices.