bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Nitrogen and Zinc Application at Different Growth Stages on Yield, Grain Zinc, and Nitrogen Concentration in Rice
Authors: Tuiwong Patcharin , Lordkaew Sithisavet , Veeradittakit Jeeraporn , Jamjod Sansanee , Prom-u-thai Chanakan
Published: September 2022

Zinc (Zn) is an essential element involved in human metabolism, which can be supplied by an appropriate diet. Enhancing Zn enrichment in rice grains through agronomic biofortification is advocated as an immediate and effective approach to combat micronutrient malnutrition in hu-man. It has been well-documented that high grain Zn accumulation in rice can be achieved by Zn fertilizers management. This study evaluated the effects of foliar nitrogen (N) and Zn applied at the flowering and milky stages of brown rice plants with and without soil Zn application. A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replicates. Soil Zn in the form of ZnSO4 was applied at 0 and 50 kg ha−1. Foliar fertilizer of 1% urea along with 0.5% ZnSO4 was applied and assigned as (1) nil foliar N and Zn (N0Zn0), (2) foliar N with nil Zn (N+Zn0), (3) nil foliar N with foliar Zn (N0Zn+), and (4) foliar N and Zn (N+Zn+) at flowering and milky stages. Foliar application of N and Zn increased grain yield and yield components in both soil Zn conditions. Grain Zn concentration in brown rice was the highest when foliar N and Zn were applied under nil soil Zn conditions; however, grain N concentration decreased by 13.1–28.5% with foliar application at flowering and 18.8–28.5% with application at the milky stage. The grain Zn content was increased by foliar application of N0Zn+ and N+Zn+ at flowering and milky stages. Applying foliar N and Zn at flowering or milky stages tended to increase the grain N content when Zn was applied to the soil, while nil soil Zn decreased the N content by 26.8% at flowering and milky stages under N0Zn+. The results suggest that the milky stage is the most suitable for foliar application of Zn for increasing (i) grain yield and (ii) N and Zn concentrations in brown rice without having a dilution effect.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the BRD Family in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Xu Chunmei , Yu Miao , Zhang Qingqing , Ma Zhisheng , Du Kang , You Huiqin , Wei Jing , Wang Deshou , Tao Wenjing
Published: September 2022

The bromodomain (BRD) proteins specifically recognize the N-acetyllysine motifs, which is a key event in the reading process of epigenetic marks. BRDs are evolutionarily highly conserved. Over recent years, BRDs attracted great interest because of their important roles in biological processes. However, the genome-wide identification of this family was not carried out in many animal groups, in particular, in teleosts. Moreover, the expression patterns were not reported for any of the members in this family, and the role of the BRD family was not extensively studied in fish reproduction. In this study, we identified 16 to 120 BRD genes in 24 representative species. BRDs expanded significantly in vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the BRD family was divided into eight subfamilies (I–VIII). Transcriptome analysis showed that BRDs in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exhibited different expression patterns in different tissues, suggesting that these genes may play different roles in growth and development. Gonadal transcriptome analysis showed that most of the BRDs display sexually dimorphic expression in the gonads at 90 and 180 dah (days after hatching), including 21 testis-dominated genes (brdt, brd4a and brd2b, etc.), and nine ovary-dominated genes (brd3b, brd2a and kat2a, etc.). Consistent with transcriptomic data, the results of qRT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that brdt expression was higher in the testis than in the ovary, suggesting its critical role in the spermatogenesis of the tilapia. Male fish treated with JQ1 (BET subfamily inhibitor) displayed abnormal spermatogenesis. The numbers of germ cells were reduced, and the expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes was downregulated, while the expression of apoptosis-promoting genes was elevated in the testis tissue of treated fish. Our data provide insights into the evolution and expression of BRD genes, which is helpful for understanding their critical roles in sex differentiation and gonadal development in teleosts.
Effects of Fatty-Type and Lean-Type on Growth Performance and Lipid Droplet Metabolism in Pekin Ducks
Authors: Zhuang Zhong , Yang Tingshuo , Jia Wenqian , Bai Meng , Bai Hao , Wang Zhixiu , Chen Guohong , Jiang Yong , Chang Guobin
Published: September 2022

The reasons for differences in lipid depositions between fatty-type (F-T) and lean-type (L-T) ducks remain unknown. The present study aimed to compare the growth performance, lipid deposition, and gene expression related to lipid droplet formation in F-T and L-T Pekin ducks. One-day-old, 140 each L-T and F-T male ducks were selected and distributed separately into 20 replicate cages. All ducks were fed commercial diets up to 35 d of age. F-T ducks had a higher average daily gain from 21 to 28 d of age. On 35-day-old, F-T ducks had higher serum levels of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, albumin, and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity than L-T ducks. F-T ducks had higher abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat percentages than those in L-T ducks. Liver histological examination showed that L-T ducks contained more lipid droplets in the liver, which gradually decreased with increasing age. The average adipocyte area and diameter of abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat in the F-T and L-T ducks increased with age and were higher in F-T ducks than those in L-T ducks. Furthermore, the gene expression of perilipin 1, perilipin 2, angiopoietin-like protein 4, adipose triglyceride lipase, alpha/beta-hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5), and serine/threonine kinase 17a in the liver, abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fat of F-T ducks was higher than that in L-T ducks, and it increased with age. Compared to L-T ducks, F-T ducks had higher expression of ABHD5 in the abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat and lower expression in the liver. Thus, F-T ducks displayed lower hepatic lipid deposition and a higher percentage of abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, suggesting that F-T ducks had higher lipid storage capacity due to increased gene expression related to lipid droplets.
Induction of BVR-A Expression by Korean Red Ginseng in Murine Hippocampal Astrocytes: Role of Bilirubin in Mitochondrial Function via the LKB1–SIRT1–ERRα Axis
Authors: Moon Sunhong , Kim Chang-Hee , Park Jinhong , Kim Minsu , Jeon Hui Su , Kim Young-Myeong , Choi Yoon Kyung
Published: September 2022

The beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported. Among the CNS cells, astrocytes possess robust antioxidative properties and regenerative potential. Under physiological conditions, biliverdin reductase A (BVR-A) converts biliverdin (a heme oxygenase metabolite) into bilirubin, a major natural and potent antioxidant. We found that KRGE enhanced BVR-A in astrocytes in the fimbria region of the adult mouse hippocampus under physiological conditions. KRGE-induced BVR-A expression and subsequent bilirubin production were required for changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial mass, and oxidative phosphorylation through liver kinase B1 (LKB1), estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), and sirtuin (SIRT1 and SIRT5) in astrocytes. However, BVR-A did not affect the KRGE-induced expression of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). The KRGE-stimulated BVR-A–LKB1–SIRT1–ERRα pathway regulates the levels of mitochondria-localized proteins such as SIRT5, translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (Tom20), Tom22, cytochrome c (Cyt c), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Increased Tom20 expression in astrocytes of the hippocampal fimbria region was observed in KRGE-treated mice. KRGE-induced expression of Cyt c and SOD2 was associated with the Tom20/Tom22 complex. Taken together, KRGE-induced bilirubin production is required for enhanced astrocytic mitochondrial function in an LKB1-dependent and AMPKα-independent manner under physiological conditions.
Comparison Study on Coarseness Index and Maximum Diameter of Rock Fragments by Linear Cutting Tests
Authors: Kim Han-eol , Nam Kyoung-min , Rehman Hafeezur , Kyeon Tae-su , Yoo Han-kyu
Published: September 2022

Rock fragments obtained by excavation can provide information for evaluating the excavation efficiency, for which the coarseness index (CI) and particle size parameters (d50, dMPS, and d′) are used. However, CI depends on the number and size of the sieves used, and the particle size parameters require mathematical calculations. In this study, the maximum diameter (dmax) of rock fragments was used as an indicator of the excavation efficiency. Linear cutting tests were performed and the rock fragments were sieved to obtain the CI and dmax. The relationship between dmax and CI was similar to that between other particle parameters and CI. dmax and CI increased with increasing penetration depth and spacing, but dmax followed a linear relationship, and CI demonstrated a power relationship. Both dmax and CI reached their maximum values at a specific ratio of spacing to penetration depth (s/p ratio) and were not affected by subsequent increases in s/p. The cutting force and volume had positive relationships with dmax and CI, linear with dmax and exponential with CI, whereas the specific energy (SE) had an inverse relationship, showing exponential and linear relationships with dmax and CI, respectively. When dmax was larger than a certain value, SE converged to a constant value. This study confirmed that dmax has an advantage over CI in determining excavation efficiency.
Microseismic Source Location Method and Application Based on NM-PSO Algorithm
Authors: Liao Ze , Feng Tao , Yu Weijian , Cui Dongge , Wu Genshui
Published: September 2022

Microseismic source location is the core of microseismic monitoring technology in coal mining; it is also the advantage of microseismic monitoring technology compared with other monitoring methods. The source location method directly determines the accuracy and stability of the source location results. Based on the problem of non-benign arrays of microseismic monitoring sensors in the coal mining process, a fast location method of microseismic source in coal mining based on the NM-PSO algorithm is proposed. The core idea of the NM-PSO algorithm is to use the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for global optimization, reduce the size of the solution space and provide the optimized initial value for the Nelder Mead simplex algorithm (NM), and then use the fast iteration characteristics of the NM algorithm to accelerate the convergence of the model. The NM-PSO algorithm is analyzed by an example and verified by the microseismic source location engineering. The NM-PSO algorithm has a significant improvement in the source location accuracy. The average location errors in all directions are (5.65 m, 5.01 m, and 7.21 m), all Within the acceptable range, and they showed good universality and stability. The proposed NM-PSO algorithm can provide a general fast seismic source localization method for different sensor array deployment methods, which significantly improves the stability and result in the accuracy of the seismic source localization algorithm and has good application value; this method can provide new ideas for research in microseismic localization in coal mining.
5G Price Competition with Social Equilibrium Optimality for Social Networks
Authors: Feng Yuhao , Song Shenpeng , Xu Wenzhe , Li Huijia
Published: September 2022

Due to the leaps of progress in the 5G telecommunication industry, commodity pricing and consumer choice are frequently subject to change and competition in the search for optimal supply and demand. We here utilize a two-stage extensive game with complete information to mathematically describe user-supplier interactions on a social network. Firstly, an example of how to apply our model in a practical 5G wireless system is shown. Then we build a prototype that offers multiple services to users and provides different outputs for suppliers, where in addition, the user and supplier quantities are independently distributed. Secondly, we then consider a scenario in which we wish to maximize social welfare and determine if there is a perfect answer. We seek the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium and show that it exists, and also show that when both sides reach it, social welfare likewise reaches its maximum. Finally, we provide numerical results that corroborate the efficacy of our approach on a practical example in the 5G background.
Optimization Design and Control of Six-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor with Decoupling Winding Connections
Authors: Qiao Wei , Han Shouyi , Diao Kaikai , Sun Xiaodong
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a design optimization method is proposed to reduce the current asymmetric and consequent torque ripple for a six-phase Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). First, the inconsistent current phenomenon of the investigated SRM is introduced, and the relationship between the magnetic distribution and the phase currents is investigated by magnetic circuit analysis. Then, for the reduction in computational cost, a surrogate model is utilized to establish the response surface model between the optimization objectives and variables. Furthermore, multiobjective optimization is performed based on structural design optimization and asymmetric control, and the best design solution is selected for the drive system. Compared with the traditional symmetric control, it can be found that the proposed asymmetric control can mitigate the inconsistent phase currents and reduce the torque ripple. Finally, a prototype motor is manufactured and tested. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and the reasonability of the analysis and the optimization.
Educational Case Studies for Pilot Engineer 4.0 Programme: Monitoring and Control of Discrete-Event Systems Using OPC UA and Cloud Applications
Authors: Kučera Erik , Haffner Oto , Drahoš Peter , Cigánek Ján
Published: September 2022

The current trend in industry is the digitalisation of production processes using modern information and communication technologies, a trend that falls under the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. Applications that link the world of information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT) are in particular demand. On the basis of information from practice, it can be stated that there is a shortage of specialists in the labour market for the interconnection of PLCs with information and communication technologies (cloud, web, mobile applications, etc.) in Slovakia and neighbouring countries. However, this problem is beginning to affect other countries in Europe as well. The main objective of the work was to prepare case studies suitable for educational purposes, which would address the modelling and control of a virtual discrete-event system using a PLC program and its subsequent interfacing to a cloud application. Within the scope of the work, three case studies were prepared to demonstrate the control of discrete-event system using different programming systems and their communication with the developed cloud applications. These applications are to be used for data monitoring and emergency intervention of the discrete-event system. The characteristics of the prepared case studies, which combine operational and informational technologies, predestines them for use in the sphere of education of engineers for digitalisation of production processes. They can also be helpful in research on the creation of digital twins, which represent a type of symmetry between real and virtual systems.
Dynamic Response of Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete Pavement under Impact Loading
Authors: Yuan Jifeng , Wu Jin , Su Tian , Lin Dadi
Published: September 2022

Airport runway pavements often undergo the direct impact of aircraft landings. For the purposes of designing the structure, it is of great importance to know about the dynamic response of the pavement and its behavior under impact loading. However, the dynamics and failure mechanisms of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete pavements subjected to impact loading are seldom explored in the literature. For this purpose, four reinforced recycled aggregate concrete pavements with different thickness and ratios of reinforcement, and one reinforced normal concrete pavement, were manufactured and tested under impact loading using the drop-weight impact frame system. The impact force characteristics, crack patterns, deformation responses, and strain developments of reinforced concrete pavements subjected to impact loading were evaluated and compared. The above-mentioned study revealed that with an increase in the reinforcement ratio, both the deformation and the steel strain were reduced. Increasing the thickness would reduce the degree of damage and the impact force of reinforced concrete pavement (RCP) but increase the deformation. The results show that under the same compressive strength, the dynamic performance of the reinforced recycled aggregate concrete pavement was worse than that of the reinforced normal concrete pavement because of its lower elastic modulus and weaker interfacial transition zone. The dynamic performance of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete pavement could be improved by increasing the thickness and reinforcement ratio. The use of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) in RCP is a technically feasible application of the material within the scope of this experimental study.
Vehicle Impact on Tire Road Noise and Validation of an Algorithm to Virtually Change Tires
Authors: Leupolz Michael , Gauterin Frank
Published: September 2022

Especially for electric vehicles, the tire impact on car noise is becoming more and more important. The requirement of meeting certification criteria makes estimating the sound pressure level essential for vehicle manufacturers. Most recent research on tire road noise is conducted on component test benches. Little research exists into tires mounted on vehicles, and even less into the impact of acceleration on the generated noise. The literature mainly considers some vehicle shape differences, tire load, and inflation pressure. This article investigates the impact of different vehicles on tire noise through a series of measurements on a standardized test track. The rolling noise as well as accelerated noise of three different tires and five different vehicles are compared. The impact of the drive axle on accelerated noise as well as a weight variation is investigated. Additionally to the absolute measured differences between the vehicles, statistical methods are used to separate measurement dispersion from actual systematic differences. This research therefore validates older research on the vehicles’ impact on tire noise, which is necessary since the general tire structure, thread, and rubber composition have changed in the time period between the publication of previous research from the literature and this paper. This allows us to approximate the emitted noise on different vehicles. Furthermore, we validate an algorithm to virtually change tires on test benches. The algorithm is standardized and implemented in common measurement software.
Research on Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model of Water-Bearing Coal
Authors: Ju Feng , Wang Dong , Wang Zhongwei , Xiao Meng , He Zequan , Ning Pai , Wang Tengfei , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Yazhen , Li Li , Yan Chaosen
Published: September 2022

Many water-related problems are confronted in coal mining, and the mechanical properties of coal inevitably deteriorate due to water–rock interactions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the macroscopic mechanical properties and damage constitutive model of water-bearing coal for safe mining. The uniaxial compression tests of raw coal samples with five moisture contents under four loading rates were carried out. Based on the test, the Drucker–Prager criterion is introduced to describe the failure law of micro-elements; assuming that the strength of micro-elements obeys a two-parameter Weibull distribution, a three-stage damage constitutive model is established. The model, existing model, and test curves were compared, and four indicators were introduced to evaluate the fitting effect. The results demonstrate that the stress–strain curve has a near horizontal step before the elastic stage, and its length is positively correlated with the moisture content ω. With the increase in ω, the peak strain increases linearly, and the compressive strength and Young’s modulus first increase and then decrease. The loading rate does not change the type of the fitting function between the mechanical parameters and ω. The three-stage model is more universal and can better fit the full stress–strain curve of water-bearing coal under uniaxial compression.
Photosensitivity of Infrared Glasses under Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing for mid-IR Applications
Authors: Delullier Pierre , Calvez Laurent , Druart Guillaume , De La Barrière Florence , Humbert Christophe , Poumellec Bertrand , Lancry Matthieu
Published: September 2022

Chalcogenide glasses are increasingly being developed for photonic applications, particularly in the field of mid-infrared optical imaging. In this paper, we study the photosensitivity of one chalcogenide to direct femtosecond laser writing and its possible applications to micro-optics. Particular attention has been paid to the creation of phase changes and related refractive index variations. This chalcogenide glass was compared with two commercial heavy oxide glasses: Schott SF10 and Corning 9754. We observed different types of permanent modifications depending on the writing speed and the laser pulse energy. Index variations were measured at Δn>+0.055 in the chalcogenide glass while maintaining spectral transmission similar to the pristine materials before irradiation. This provides a good candidate to design optical components for infrared application and helps to unlock the potential of the femtosecond laser direct writing technique to implement at high writing speed and high index changes with low optical losses.
A Review of Commercially Available 3D Surface Imaging Systems for Body Composition Estimation
Authors: Bullas Alice May , Greenwood Rebecca , Thelwell Michael , Choppin Simon
Published: September 2022

Recent literature has suggested 3D surface imaging to be a potential method of estimating body composition. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of commercially available 3D surface imaging systems that provide body composition estimates. User and system details of complete commercially available whole body 3D surface imaging systems, which estimate body composition, were collated from May to June 2022. Six 3D body surface imaging systems were identified, each of which provided varying amounts of user and system details. As this information is necessary to ensure the correct selection of system, appropriate use, and interpretation of outputs, manufacturers should seek to publicly present more detailed user and system details, international standards groups and training associations should seek to encourage standardisation, and practitioners and researchers should request additional details where necessary and validate their system prior to use, and end users should cautiously interpret outputs without the availability of comprehensive user and system details.
Lumateperone Interact with S-Protein of Ebola Virus and TIM-1 of Human Cell Membrane: Insights from Computational Studies
Authors: Muzammal Muhammad , Firoz Ahmad , Ali Hani Mohammed , Farid Arshad , Khan Muzammil Ahmad , Hakeem Khalid Rehman
Published: September 2022

The Ebola virus outbreak in Africa is an unparalleled risk to society and to human health. Interventions that utilize the host cell receptor TIM-1 and the viral spike protein (S-protein) can be considered effective and suitable treatments. Initially, we identified Lumateperone as a candidate drug for the S-protein using the LEA3D tool; then using molecular modeling and docking, we investigated the binding efficiency of Lumateperone with the S-protein and its TIM-1 receptor. The present computational study shows that Lumateperone possesses a strong attraction to the S-protein and the TIM-1 receptor of the host as well as to their complex. It was observed that the binding energy of the S-protein/TIM-1 complex decreases in the presence of Lumateperone. A significant decrease of 395.75 kJ/mol (Lumateperone bound to the S-protein) and 517.19 kJ/mol (Lumateperone bound to the TIM-1 receptor) of binding energy was observed in the S-protein/TIM-1 complex in the presence of Lumateperone compared to their direct binding. We also noticed that Lumateperone was binding with the residues in the S-protein (Asn461) and the TIM-1 (Trp274 and Asn275) receptor that were involved in making the S-protein/TIM-1 complex. In the presence of Lumateperone, the simulation analysis also supports the above findings on the effectiveness of Lumateperone in delaying the establishment of the complex of the S-protein/TIM-1. In conclusion, this computational study predicts the possibility of Lumateperone as a therapeutic strategy against the Ebola virus.
Use of Eco-Friendly UV-C LEDs for Indoor Environment Sanitization: A Narrative Review
Authors: Palma Francesco , Baldelli Giulia , Schiavano Giuditta Fiorella , Amagliani Giulia , Aliano Mattia Paolo , Brandi Giorgio
Published: September 2022

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the enormous importance of maintaining good hygienic conditions in everyday indoor environments for the prevention of infectious diseases. This includes sanitization methods capable of significantly reducing the microbial load in the air and on surfaces. However, in line with the ecological transition, alternative systems for environmental sanitization with reduced environmental impact are urgently needed. The photocatalytic reaction using UV-C light-emitting diode (UV-C LED) lamps with short wavelengths, especially in the range of 200–280 nanometers (nm), can significantly reduce the microbial load, safeguarding the environment thanks to reduced energy consumption. The objective of this review is to describe the latest innovations in the use of UV-C LED technology in the sanitization of indoor environments, reporting the fundamental principles on which its activity relies. Methods: Two databases (PubMed, Web of Science), were searched, following PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 1348 publications were identified, of which 379 were assessed in detail and, of these, 16 were included in the review. Conclusions: This literature review highlighted that UV-C LEDs irradiation represents a valid, eco-sustainable sanitization method that could be exploited as an alternative to chemical compounds to contain indoor microbiological pollution in living and working environments.
Investigating the Role of Gravity Waves on Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities Using TIMED/SABER and C/NOFS Satellite Observations
Authors: Nigussie Melessew , Moldwin Mark , Yizengaw Endawoke
Published: September 2022

In this paper, for the first time, simultaneous atmospheric temperature perturbation profiles obtained from the TIMED/SABER satellite and equatorial ion density and vertical plasma drift velocity observations with and without ESF activity obtained from the C/NOFS satellite are used to investigate the effect of gravity waves (GW) on ESF. The horizontal and vertical wavelengths of ionospheric oscillations and GWs are estimated by applying wavelet analysis techniques. In addition, vertically propagating GWs that dissipate energy in the ionosphere-thermosphere system are investigated using the spectral analysis technique. We find that the vertical wavelength of GW, corresponding to dominant wavelet power, ranges from 12 to 31 km regardless of the conditions of the ionosphere; however, GWs with vertical wavelengths between about 1 to 13 km are found every day, saturated between 90 and 110 km at different longitudinal sectors. Filtering out vertical wavelengths above 13 km from temperature perturbations, ranges of zonal wavelengths of GW (i.e., from about 290 to 950 km) are found corresponding to irregular and non-irregular ionosphere. Similarly, corresponding to dominant oscillations, the zonal wavelength of ion density perturbations is found within 16 to 1520 km. Moreover, we find an excellent agreement among the median zonal wavelengths of GW for the cases of irregular and non-irregular ionosphere and ion density perturbations that are 518, 495, and 491 km, respectively. The results imply that seed perturbations due to GW with a vertical wavelength from about 1 to 13 km evolve to ion density irregularity and may be amplified due to post-sunset vertical upward drift velocity.
Study on Permeability and Flame Retardancy of Coal Aerosol Atomized by Ultrasonic Wave
Authors: Zhao Wenbin , Liu Fangshun , Liu Bo , Liu Yang , Cao Huaisheng , Tan Qing , Wang Jinfeng
Published: September 2022

In order to analyze the permeability and particle size distribution of atomized aerosol in different coal particle sizes and to explore the inhibition performance of an atomized inhibitor in different atomization times and positions, the following conclusions are obtained by ultrasonic atomization device: The results of permeability experiment show that the particle size of aerosol decreases with the increase of atomization frequency. In addition, with the particle size of the coal sample decreasing from 5 cm to 0.6 cm, the penetration ratio of aerosol in coal decreases from 64.2% to 15.5% due to the interception of large particle size water mist by dense coal. The aerosol with a particle size of 2~4 μm has better permeability in crushed coal. The flame retardant experiment shows that compared with the raw coal, the aliphatic hydrocarbon of the atomized coal decreases by 75.9%, the aromatic hydrocarbon decreases by 57.5%, and the flame retardant effect is good. Meanwhile, the extension of solution atomization time will further enhance the flame retardant ability of ultrasonic atomized aerosol.
pH-Dependent Compaction of the Intrinsically Disordered Poly-E Motif in Titin
Authors: Manukian Sophia , Lindberg Gerrick E. , Punch Emily , Mudiyanselage Sudarshi Premawardhana Dassanayake , Gage Matthew J.
Published: September 2022

The conformational sensitivity of intrinsically disordered proteins to shifts in pH due to their high degree of charged residues has been recognized for well over a decade. However, the role of the non-ionizable residues in this pH sensitivity remains poorly understood. Our lab has been investigating the pH sensitivity of the poly-E motifs of the PEVK region of the muscle protein titin, which provides an ideal model system to explore this question. Using a series of 15-amino acid peptides derived from one of the poly-E motif sequences, we have investigated the role of side-chain chemistry in the conformational flexibility of this region. Our results demonstrate that aromatic side chains and proline content are the two variables that most influence pH sensitivity. The introduction of aromatic side chains resulted in a more collapsed structure, even at pH 7, while the removal of prolines resulted in a higher degree of pH sensitivity. These results highlight the importance of considering the impact of non-ionizable residues on IDP function, especially when considering the impact of pH on conformational flexibility.
Image Classification of Amazon Parrots by Deep Learning: A Potentially Useful Tool for Wildlife Conservation
Authors: Kim Jung-Il , Baek Jong-Won , Kim Chang-Bae
Published: September 2022

Parrots play a crucial role in the ecosystem by performing various roles, such as consuming the reproductive structures of plants and dispersing plant seeds. However, most are threatened because of habitat loss and commercial trade. Amazon parrots are one of the most traded and illegally traded parrots. Therefore, monitoring their wild populations and global trade is crucial for their conservation. However, monitoring wild populations is becoming more challenging because the manual analysis of large-scale datasets of images obtained from camera trap methods is labor-intensive and time consuming. Monitoring the wildlife trade is difficult because of the large quantities of wildlife trade. Amazon parrots can be difficult to identify because of their morphological similarity. Object detection models have been widely used for automatic and accurate species classification. In this study, to classify 26 Amazon parrot species, 8 Single Shot MultiBox Detector models were assessed. Among the eight models, the DenseNet121 model showed the highest mean average precision at 88.9%. This model classified the 26 Amazon parrot species at 90.7% on average. Continuous improvement of deep learning models classifying Amazon parrots may support monitoring wild populations and the global trade of these species.
Plasma of Argon Treatment of the Implant Surface, Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Carossa Massimo , Cavagnetto Davide , Mancini Francesca , Mosca Balma Alessandro , Mussano Federico
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to review the evidence of the cellular activity on titanium samples exposed to Plasma of Argon (PoA) treatment. A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus, up to October 2020. Papers were selected according to PICOS format that is: Population (P): osteoblasts, fibroblasts, gingival cells; Intervention (I): PoA disinfection treatment; Comparison (C): untreated controls; Outcome (O): cell culture; Setting (S): in vitro assays. The quality assessment was performed according to the CRIS Guidelines (Checklist for Reporting In vitro Studies). A total of 661 articles were found, of which 16 were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall poor quality of the studies analyzed. In vitro studies on the potential of PoA showed a potential effect in promoting higher cell adhesion and protein adsorption in the earliest times (hours). This outcome was not so evident when later stages of cell growth on the surfaces were tested and compared to the control groups. Only one study was conducted in vivo on a human sample regarding abutment cleaning. No meta-analysis was conducted because of the variety of experimental settings, mixed methods and different cell lines studied. PoA seems to be effective in promoting cell adhesion and protein adsorption. The duration of this effect remains unclear. Further evidence is required to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of the treatment and to support the use of PoA treatment in clinical practice.
Osteoblast Secretome Modulated by Abiraterone Treatment Affects Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Iuliani Michele , Simonetti Sonia , Ribelli Giulia , Cavaliere Silvia , Vincenzi Bruno , Tonini Giuseppe , Pantano Francesco , Santini Daniele
Published: September 2022

Abiraterone is a selective inhibitor of androgen biosynthesis approved for the treatment of metastatic patients affected by castration-resistant or castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Intriguingly, clinical data revealed that abiraterone also delayed disease progression in bone improving bone-related endpoints. Our group has previously demonstrated in vitro a direct effect of abiraterone on osteoclast and osteoblast function suggesting its ability to modulate bone microenvironment. Here, we performed an extensive proteomic analysis to investigate how abiraterone influences osteoblast cell secretome and, consequently, osteoblast/prostate cancer cells interaction. A panel of 507 soluble molecules were analyzed in osteoblast conditioned media (OCM) obtained from osteoblast treated or not with abiraterone. Subsequently, OCM was added to prostate cancer cells to investigate its potential effect on prostate cancer cell proliferation and androgen receptor (AR) activation status. Out of 507 screened molecules, 39 of them were differentially expressed in OCM from osteoblasts treated with abiraterone (OCM ABI) compared to OCM obtained from untreated OBs (OCM CTRL). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that abiraterone down-modulated the release of specific osteoblast soluble factors, positively associated with cell proliferation pathways (false discovery rate adjusted p-value = 0.0019). In vitro validation data showed that OCM ABI treatment significantly reduced cancer proliferation in C4-2B cells (p = 0.022), but not in AR- negative PC-3 cells. Moreover, we also found a reduction in AR activation in C4-2B cells (p = 0.017) confirming the “indirect” anti-tumor AR-dependent effect of abiraterone mediated by osteoblasts. This study provides the first evidence of an additional antitumor effect of abiraterone through the modulation of multiple osteoblast proliferative signals.
The Effects of H2S and Recombinant Human Hsp70 on Inflammation Induced by SARS and Other Agents In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Onikienko Sergei , Vinokurov Maxim , Yurinskaya Marina , Zemlyanoi Alexander , Abkin Sergei , Shaykhutdinova Elvira , Palikov Victor , Ivanov Alexander , Smirnova Olga , Fedyakina Irina , Bychkova Natalia , Zatsepina Olga , Garbuz David , Evgen’ev Michael
Published: September 2022

The ongoing epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection led to the search for fundamentally new ways and means to combat inflammation and other pathologies caused by this virus. Using a cellular model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis (human promonocytes), we showed that both a hydrogen sulfide donor (sodium thiosulfate, STS) and a recombinant Heat shock protein 70 (rHsp70) effectively block all major inflammatory mediators when administrated before and after LPS challenge. The protective anti-inflammatory effect of rHsp70 and H2S was also confirmed in vivo using various animal models of pneumonia. Specifically, it was found that rHsp70 injections prevented the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome in highly pathogenic pneumonia in mice, increased animal survival, and reduced the number of Programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Based on our model experiments we developed a combined two-phase therapeutic approach for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This procedure includes the inhalation of hot helium–oxygen mixtures for induction of endogenous Hsp70 in the first phase and STS inhalation in the second phase. The use of this approach has yielded positive results in COVID-19 patients, reducing the area of lung lesions, restoring parameters of innate immunity and T-cell immune response against coronavirus infection, and preventing the development of pulmonary fibrosis and immune exhaustion syndrome.
Potential Role of Sleep Deficiency in Inducing Immune Dysfunction
Authors: Kuna Kasper , Szewczyk Krzysztof , Gabryelska Agata , Białasiewicz Piotr , Ditmer Marta , Strzelecki Dominik , Sochal Marcin
Published: September 2022

Sleep deficiency and insomnia deteriorate the quality of patients’ lives, yet the exact influence of these factors on the immune system has only begun to gain interest in recent years. Growing evidence shows that insomnia is a risk factor for numerous diseases, including common infections and autoimmune diseases. Levels of inflammatory markers also seem to be abnormal in sleep deficient individuals, which may lead to low-grade inflammation. The interpretation of studies is difficult due to the equivocal term “sleep disturbances,” as well as due to the various criteria used in studies. This narrative review aims to summarize the available knowledge regarding the bidirectional influence of the immune system and sleep disturbances.
La(OH)3 Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Paste-Based Sensing Approach for the Detection of Uric Acid—A Product of Environmentally Stressed Cells
Authors: Knežević Sara , Ognjanović Miloš , Stanković Vesna , Zlatanova Milena , Nešić Andrijana , Gavrović-Jankulović Marija , Stanković Dalibor
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to develop an amperometric, non-enzymatic sensor for detecting and quantifying UA as an alert signal induced by allergens with protease activity in human cell lines (HEK293 and HeLa). Uric acid (UA) has been classified as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that serves a physiological purpose inside the cell, while outside the cell it can be an indicator of cell damage. Cell damage or stress can be caused by different health problems or by environmental irritants, such as allergens. We can act and prevent the events that generate stress by determining the extent to which cells are under stress. Amperometric calibration measurements were performed with a carbon paste electrode modified with La(OH)3@MWCNT, at the potential of 0.3 V. The calibration curve was constructed in a linear operating range from 0.67 μM to 121 μM UA. The proposed sensor displayed good reproducibility with an RSD of 3.65% calculated for five subsequent measurements, and a low detection limit of 64.28 nM, determined using the 3 S/m method. Interference studies and the real sample analysis of allergen-treated cell lines proved that the proposed sensing platform possesses excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. Therefore, it can potentially be used to evaluate stress factors in medical research and clinical practice.
Hundreds-Dollar-Level Multiplex Integrated RT-qPCR Quantitative System for Field Detection
Authors: Lan Zhihao , Guo Yu , Wang Kangning , Zhang Yipeng , Chen Youyun , Zheng Dezhou , Xu Xiaolong , Wu Wenming
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to global health. Due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and stability, real-time fluorescence quantitative (real-time PCR) detection has become the most extensively used approach for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. According to a report from the World Health Organization, emerging and underdeveloped nations lack nucleic acid detection kits and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instruments for molecular biological detection. In addition, sending samples to a laboratory for testing may result in considerable delays between sampling and diagnosis, which is not favorable to the timely prevention and control of new crown outbreaks. Concurrently, there is an urgent demand for accurate PCR devices that do not require a laboratory setting, are more portable, and are capable of completing testing on-site. Hence, we report on HDLRT-qPCR, a new, low-cost, multiplexed real-time fluorescence detection apparatus that we have developed for on-site testing investigations of diverse diseases in developing nations. This apparatus can complete on-site testing rapidly and sensitively. The entire cost of this instrument does not exceed USD 760. In order to demonstrate the applicability of our PCR instrument, we conducted testing that revealed that we achieved gradient amplification and melting curves comparable to those of commercially available equipment. Good consistency characterized the testing outcomes. The successful detection of target genes demonstrates the reliability of our inexpensive PCR diagnostic technique. With this apparatus, there is no need to transport samples to a central laboratory; instead, we conduct testing at the sampling site. This saves time on transportation, substantially accelerates overall testing speed, and provides results within 40 min.
Detection of 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine in Urine by Magnetically Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing Strategy
Authors: Wang Yue , Teng Xinyan , Cao Jiaying , Fan Yilei , Liu Xinling , Guo Xiaoyu , Xu Yu , Wen Ying , Yang Haifeng
Published: September 2022

Abuse of illicit drugs has become a major issue of global concern. As a synthetic amphetamine analog, 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine (MDA) causes serotonergic neurotoxicity, posing a serious risk to human health. In this work, a two-dimensional substrate of ITO/Au is fabricated by transferring Au nanoparticle film onto indium–tin oxide glass (ITO). By magnetic inducing assembly of Fe3O4@Au onto ITO/Au, a sandwich-based, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection strategy is designed. Through the use of an external magnet, the MDA is retained in the region of hot spots formed between Fe3O4@Au and ITO/Au; as a result, the SERS sensitivity for MDA is superior compared to other methods, lowering the limit of detection (LOD) to 0.0685 ng/mL and attaining a corresponding linear dynamic detection range of 5–105 ng/mL. As an actual application, this magnetically improved SERS sensing strategy is successfully applied to distinguish MDA in urine at trace level, which is beneficial to clinical and forensic monitors.
Hospital Outcomes among COVID-19 Hospitalizations with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Cross-Sectional Study Results from California State Inpatient Database
Authors: Rubens Muni , Saxena Anshul , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Ahmed Md Ashfaq , Zhang Zhenwei , McGranaghan Peter , Veledar Emir , McDermott Michael , De Los Rios La Rosa Felipe
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be a risk factor for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to the altered coagulation process and hyperinflammation. This study examined the risk factors, clinical profile, and hospital outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations with AIS. This study was a retrospective analysis of data from California State Inpatient Database (SID) during 2019 and 2020. COVID-19 hospitalizations with age ≥ 18 years during 2020 and a historical cohort without COVID-19 from 2019 were included in the analysis. The primary outcomes studied were in-hospital mortality and discharge to destinations other than home. There were 91,420 COVID-19 hospitalizations, of which, 1027 (1.1%) had AIS. The historical control cohort included 58,083 AIS hospitalizations without COVID-19. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of in-hospital mortality, discharge to destinations other than home, DVT, pulmonary embolism, septic shock, and mechanical ventilation were significantly higher among COVID-19 hospitalizations with AIS, compared to those without AIS. The odds of in-hospital mortality, DVT, pulmonary embolism, septic shock, mechanical ventilation, and respiratory failure were significantly higher among COVID-19 hospitalizations with AIS, compared to AIS hospitalizations without COVID-19. Although the prevalence of AIS was low among COVID-19 hospitalizations, it was associated with higher mortality and greater rates of discharges to destinations other than home.