bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of regression‐based machine learning models towards intelligent selection of MIMO configurations
Authors: Beeharry Yogesh , Calchand Dujaya R.
Published: November 2022

Fifth Generation (5G) fosters the integration of several technologies for achieving the requirements of rapid and reliable communications. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is one such technology implemented in communication systems with the aim of delivering better services to users. Machine Learning (ML) technologies are also being used alongside MIMO since they can aid with the selection of the most appropriate MIMO configuration based on antenna, data, and channel parameters. These parameters can be further used as input features to the models for obtaining the best data rate and throughput. In this paper, three different MIMO configurations, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, and 4 × 4 MIMO using directional and omnidirectional antennas have been simulated. Power propagation from each antenna, MIMO power, channel capacity, data rate, and throughput have been used as response variables. The data obtained from these simulations are used to train regression models for prediction of new data. Frankfurt city is used as scenario in this simulation and the models are analyzed based on the root mean squared error (RMSE) values obtained. The results demonstrate that the interactions linear regression, fine tree and medium tree models provide the lowest RMSE values when predicting the variables for different MIMO configurations using directional and omnidirectional antenna.
A Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Teacher's Guide to Race‐Based Medicine, Inclusivity, and Diversity
Authors: Bakkum Michiel J. , Verdonk Petra , Thomas Elias G. , van Rosse Floor , Okorie Michael , Papaioannidou Paraskevi , Likic Robert , Sanz Emilio J. , Christiaens Thierry , Costa João N. , Dima Lorena , de Ponti Fabrizio , van Smeden Jeroen , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Richir Milan C. , Tichelaar Jelle ,   for the EurOPE consortium
Published: November 2022

The relationship between race and biology is complex. In contemporary medical science, race is a social construct that is measured via self‐identification of study participants. But even though race has no biological essence, it is often used as variable in medical guidelines (e.g., treatment recommendations specific for Black people with hypertension). Such recommendations are based on clinical trials in which there was a significant correlation between self‐identified race and actual, but often unmeasured, health‐related factors such as (pharmaco)genetics, diet, sun exposure, etc. Many teachers are insufficiently aware of this complexity. In their classes, they (unintentionally) portray self‐reported race as having a biological essence. This may cause students to see people of shared race as biologically or genetically homogeneous, and believe that race‐based recommendations are true for all individuals (rather than reflecting the average of a heterogeneous group). This medicalizes race and reinforces already existing healthcare disparities. Moreover, students may fail to learn that the relation between race and health is easily biased by factors such as socioeconomic status, racism, ancestry, and environment and that this limits the generalizability of race‐based recommendations. We observed that the clinical case vignettes that we use in our teaching contain many stereotypes and biases, and do not generally reflect the diversity of actual patients. This guide, written by clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teachers, aims to help our colleagues and teachers in other health professions to reflect on and improve our teaching on race‐based medical guidelines and to make our clinical case vignettes more inclusive and diverse.
A remote speech‐based AI system to screen for early Alzheimer's disease via smartphones
Authors: Fristed Emil , Skirrow Caroline , Meszaros Marton , Lenain Raphael , Meepegama Udeepa , Cappa Stefano , Aarsland Dag , Weston Jack
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems leveraging speech and language changes could support timely detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

The AMYPRED study (NCT04828122) recruited 133 subjects with an established amyloid beta (Aβ) biomarker (66 Aβ+, 67 Aβ–) and clinical status (71 cognitively unimpaired [CU], 62 mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or mild AD). Daily story recall tasks were administered via smartphones and analyzed with an AI system to predict MCI/mild AD and Aβ positivity.

Results

Eighty‐six percent of participants (115/133) completed remote assessments. The AI system predicted MCI/mild AD (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85, ±0.07) but not Aβ (AUC = 0.62 ±0.11) in the full sample, and predicted Aβ in clinical subsamples (MCI/mild AD: AUC = 0.78 ±0.14; CU: AUC = 0.74 ±0.13) on short story variants (immediate recall). Long stories and delayed retellings delivered broadly similar results.

Discussion

Speech‐based testing offers simple and accessible screening for early‐stage AD.
Evaluation of dose‐dependent treatment effects after mid‐trial dose escalation in biomarker, clinical, and cognitive outcomes for gantenerumab or solanezumab in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Guoqiao , Li Yan , Xiong Chengjie , McDade Eric , Clifford David B. , Mills Susan L. , Santacruz Anna M. , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , Hassenstab Jason , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Gordon Brian A. , Fagan Anne M. , Coalier Kelley A. , Libre‐Guerra Jorge J. , McCullough Austin , Joseph‐Mathurin Nelly , Chen Charles D. , Mummery Catherine , Wendelberger Barbara A. , Gauthier Serge , Masellis Mario , Holdridge Karen C. , Yaari Roy , Chatterjee Saptarshi , Sims John , Delmar Paul , Kerchner Geoffrey A. , Bittner Tobias , Hofmann Carsten , Bateman Randall J. ,   for the DIAN‐TU Study Team
Published: November 2022

Introduction

While the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit (DIAN‐TU) was ongoing, external data suggested higher doses were needed to achieve targeted effects; therefore, doses of gantenerumab were increased 5‐fold, and solanezumab was increased 4‐fold. We evaluated to what extent mid‐trial dose increases produced a dose‐dependent treatment effect.

Methods

Using generalized linear mixed effects (LME) models, we estimated the annual low‐ and high‐dose treatment effects in clinical, cognitive, and biomarker outcomes.

Results

Both gantenerumab and solanezumab demonstrated dose‐dependent treatment effects (significant for gantenerumab, non‐significant for solanezumab) in their respective target amyloid biomarkers (Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography standardized uptake value ratio and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta 42), with gantenerumab demonstrating additional treatment effects in some downstream biomarkers. No dose‐dependent treatment effects were observed in clinical or cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions

Mid‐trial dose escalation can be implemented as a remedy for an insufficient initial dose and can be more cost effective and less burdensome to participants than starting a new trial with higher doses, especially in rare diseases.

Highlights

We evaluated the dose‐dependent treatment effect of two different amyloid‐specific immunotherapies.

Dose‐dependent treatment effects were observed in some biomarkers.

No dose‐dependent treatment effects were observed in clinical/cognitive outcomes, potentially due to the fact that the modified study may not have been powered to detect such treatment effects in symptomatic subjects at a mild stage of disease exposed to high (or maximal) doses of medication for prolonged durations.
Development and pilot testing of an early childhood somatosensory assessment: Somatosensory test of reaching
Authors: Chu Virginia Way Tong , Dusing Stacey C.
Published: November 2022

Thirty‐two children (50% female, 59.3% White, 7–60 months), from middle to high socioeconomic status families, participated in pilot feasibility and validity testing of the somatosensory test of reaching (STOR). STOR tested the child's accuracy of reach to visual and somatosensory targets. All children were able to complete the assessment. Statistically significant differences were found between age groups (p = .0001), showing developmental trends, and between test conditions (p < .001), showing that the ability to reach to visible targets develops before somatosensory targets. STOR also showed a moderate correlation with the Developmental Assessment of Young Children 2nd edition. STOR appears to be a promising tool for assessing somatosensory processing in very young children, and it warrants additional testing in larger participant samples.
Performance evaluation of artificial neural networks for a fish oil biodiesel fueled diesel engine: Paying a pathway to sustainable energy in environmental progress
Authors: Lakshmipathi Jakkamputi , Senthilkumar Marikannan , Jegadeeshwaran Rakkiyanan , Sakthivel Gnanasekaran , Gangadhar Kotha , Kannan Thangavelu
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a neural networks model to predict the performance monitoring of the compression ignition engine at various injection timings (21°, 24°, 27°bTDC) using fish oil biodiesel thereby increasing the sustainability of the biodiesel and leading to greener environment. The influence of the injection timing on the engine performance, emission, and combustion are observed in a four‐stroke single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection with a rated output of 4.4 kW using fish oil biodiesel blended with diesel. Feed forward back propagation, Elman feed forward, and Cascade back propagation neural networks‐based models are created to predict the parameters like ignition delay, maximum rate of pressure rise, combustion duration, smoke, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature. Scaled conjugate gradient and Levenberg–Marquardt have been used as training functions. The predictive capability of the models is compared with each other. It is observed that Elman feed forward with trainlm is the best model with the correlation coefficient is 0.9–1 and low root mean square error. The developed artificial neural network (ANN) predicts the engine parameters with the acceptable correlation limits and proves the efficiency and precision of the model which significantly reduces the time consumption and cost incurred in real time application. Hence by using limited experimental investigations the more accurate engine performance and emissions can be determined for wider engine operating conditions using Elman feed forward ANN.
Development and validation of blood tumor mutational burden reference standards
Authors: Raiber‐Moreau Eun‐Ang , Portella Guillem , Butler Matthew G. , Clement Omoshile , Konigshofer Yves , Hadfield James
Published: November 2022

Tumor mutational burden (TMB), measured by exome or panel sequencing of tumor tissue or blood (bTMB), is a potential predictive biomarker for treatment benefit in patients with various cancer types receiving immunotherapy targeting checkpoint pathways. However, significant variability in TMB measurement has been observed. We developed contrived bTMB reference materials using DNA from tumor cell lines and donor‐matched lymphoblastoid cell lines to support calibration and alignment across laboratories and platforms. Contrived bTMB reference materials were developed using genomic DNA from lung tumor cell lines blended into donor‐matched lymphoblastoid cell lines at 0.5% and 2% tumor content, fragmented and size‐selected to mirror the size profile of circulating cell‐free tumor DNA with TMB scores of 7, 9, 20, and 26 mut/Mb. Variant allele frequency (VAF) and bTMB scores were assessed using PredicineATLAS and GuardantOMNI next‐generation sequencing assays. DNA fragment sizes in the contrived reference samples were similar to those found within patient plasma‐derived cell‐free DNA, and mutational patterns aligned with those in the parental tumor lines. For the 7, 20, and 26 mut/Mb contrived reference samples with 2% tumor content, bTMB scores estimated using either assay aligned with expected scores from the parental tumor cell lines and showed good reproducibility. A bioinformatic filtration step was required to account for low‐VAF artifact variants. We demonstrate the feasibility and challenges of producing and using bTMB reference standards across a range of bTMB levels, and how such standards could support the calibration and validation of bTMB platforms and help harmonization between panels and laboratories.
Key challenges and developments in wildlife ecological risk assessment: Problem formulation
Authors: Sample Bradley E. , Johnson Mark S. , Hull Ruth N. , Kapustka Lawrence , Landis Wayne G. , Murphy Cheryl A. , Sorensen Mary , Mann Gary , Gust Kurt A. , Mayfield David B. , Ludwigs Jan-Dieter , Munns Wayne R.
Published: November 2022

Problem formulation (PF) is a critical initial step in planning risk assessments for chemical exposures to wildlife, used either explicitly or implicitly in various jurisdictions to include registration of new pesticides, evaluation of new and existing chemicals released to the environment, and characterization of impact when chemical releases have occurred. Despite improvements in our understanding of the environment, ecology, and biological sciences, few risk assessments have used this information to enhance their value and predictive capabilities. In addition to advances in organism-level mechanisms and methods, there have been substantive developments that focus on population- and systems-level processes. Although most of the advances have been recognized as being state-of-the-science for two decades or more, there is scant evidence that they have been incorporated into wildlife risk assessment or risk assessment in general. In this article, we identify opportunities to consider elevating the relevance of wildlife risk assessments by focusing on elements of the PF stage of risk assessment, especially in the construction of conceptual models and selection of assessment endpoints that target population- and system-level endpoints. Doing so will remain consistent with four established steps of existing guidance: (1) establish clear protection goals early in the process; (2) consider how data collection using new methods will affect decisions, given all possibilities, and develop a decision plan a priori; (3) engage all relevant stakeholders in creating a robust, holistic conceptual model that incorporates plausible stressors that could affect the targets defined in the protection goals; and (4) embrace the need for iteration throughout the PF steps (recognizing that multiple passes may be required before agreeing on a feasible plan for the rest of the risk assessment). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:658–673. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
No cost but high performance–An alternative open source solution for 3D‐visualizations in morphology
Authors: Kalke Paul , Helm Conrad
Published: November 2022

3D‐visualization has become common courtesy in science and also found its way into teaching in schools and universities. Nevertheless, the way to high performance 3D‐visualization and analyses remains difficult and is often also a matter of budget. Due to the obvious advantages of presenting morphological and anatomical datasets with the help of 3D‐figures, all in one software solutions usually come along with high rental and maintenance fees. For that reason, it is more than overdue to establish and use open source software solutions with all their obvious advantages ‐ as other disciplines already do. Here we provide a modular, highly adaptive and freely available software pipeline for high performance 3D‐visualizations of (not only) morphological datasets by combining features of ImageJ, MeshLab and Blender, without any additional costs. Exemplarily using serial‐block face SEM data as well as serial AZAN‐stained histological sections, the herein presented step‐by‐step protocol allows for a fast and efficient analysis, visualization and animation of large, anatomical datasets. Regardless which type of serial, morphological datasets needs to be analyzed, our open source guide provides an easy to handle and promptly adaptable solution. Therefore, our pipeline for 3D‐visualization represents a valuable alternative to conventional, commercial packages.

Research Highlights

We provide a highly modular and easy to learn open source solution for multiple 3D‐visualizations. The step‐by‐step‐guide make it easy to start, and advanced users can replace software, add others and such build your own individual software pipeline.
Adverse events reported after first dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Dzantor Edem Kojo , Asumah Mubarick Nungbaso , Inusah Abdul‐Wahab , Nukpezah Nimota Ruth , Agyeman Yaa Nyarko , Kukeba Margaret Wekem , Braimah Baba Abubakari , Adjeso Theophilus , Tahiru Mohammed Mutaru
Published: November 2022

Aim

The study examined the associated adverse events following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination among healthcare workers during the first dose of the vaccine in the Northern Region of Ghana.

Design

The study was a cross‐sectional survey involving 463 healthcare workers.

Method

The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed descriptively, and binary logistics was performed using SPSS version 25.

Results

The mean age was 33.4 ± 9.7 years, the majority (43.6%) being ≤30 years and males (57.2%). The self‐reported prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine adverse events was 75.5%. Common systemic adverse events comprised headache (47.5%), dizziness (18.4%) and local adverse events included generalized body pains (44.0%) and abscess around the injection sites (11.2%). The study found a high prevalence of self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine adverse events involving both systemic and local adverse events. Our study gives useful information that can be used for public health‐targeted interventions to boost public confidence in SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.
Core competencies of healthcare professionals in Oman: Research and evidence‐based practice needs attention
Authors: Al Jabri Fatma , Kvist Tarja , Turunen Hannele
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to examine (1) the perceptions on core competencies of healthcare professionals working at clinical settings in Oman and (2) which demographic characteristics explain the overall core competency.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Healthcare Professional Core Competency Instrument, consisting of 11 sub‐scales with 81 items, was distributed to healthcare professionals (n = 1,543; 826 nurses and 717 physicians) who worked at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions. Descriptive statistics, t‐test, ANOVA and linear regression were used for data analysis.

Results

Altogether 1,078 healthcare professionals (628 nurses and 450 physicians) responded representing 70% overall response rate. Healthcare professionals perceived their overall core competence as excellent, safety being the highest, and research and evidence‐based practice was the lowest. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ethnicity, gender and years of working experience were the characters that explained the overall core competence, where expatriate senior professionals reported higher competency levels compared with counterparts.
Selecting the Right Ball Valve: Floating Versus Trunnion
Authors: Welsford Gilbert
Published: November 2022

Numerous types of valves are required in every water system to operate the distribution system as well as to control treatment processes, pumps, and other equipment. The correct size and type of valves must be selected for each use, and most valves require periodic checking to ensure they are operating properly.
Reforming Indian agriculture and the rise of farmer's protest in India: Tracing the discourse and the way ahead
Authors: Shakeel Adnan , Salman Mohd. Sadiq , Shazli Tasneem , Naqvi Hasan Raja , Siddiqui Masood Ahsan
Published: November 2022

The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empowering the farming community. According to the government, new farm regulations will reduce the reliance of indigenous farmers on the mandi (market yard) system, which is now in place and is quite exploitative and full of middlemen and legal cartels. The regulations made contract farming lawful with the intention of luring private sector investment in bolstering agricultural supply chains and infrastructure to give farmers better pricing. But these rules are referred to as repressive and anti‐farmer by the farming community. Farmers believe that eliminating the mandi system will eliminate the minimum support price (MSP) mechanism and that contract farming will ultimately be damaging, enticing major corporations and private investors to bind them to unfair contracts that will result in exploitation. Farmers' demonstrations have begun as a result in the former territory of the green revolution. In order to determine if the new farm regulations introduced by the central government are indeed beneficial to the rural community or not, the article followed the debate among many academics, policy makers, economists, researchers, stakeholders, and politicians (the government's spokesman). The article's main focus is on analysing the farmers' demand for the new farm rules to be repealed and the economic justification for their opposition. Additionally, it contends that new farm rules will encourage capitalistic farming and endanger the viability of farming communities, particularly small and marginal farms (S&M).
Clinician perceptions of Passport for Care, a web‐based clinical decision support tool for survivorship care plan delivery
Authors: King Jason E. , O'Connor Michael C. , Shohet Ellen , Krause Susan M. , Scheurer Michael E. , Horowitz Marc E. , Poplack David G. , Fordis C. Michael , Gramatges Maria M.
Published: November 2022

Background

The Children's Oncology Group Long‐Term Follow‐Up Guidelines provide exposure‐based risks and recommendations for late effects screening of survivors of childhood cancer. Passport for Care (PFC) is a web‐based clinical decision support tool for generating a personalized survivorship care plan (SCP) derived from the Guidelines and user‐entered exposures. We assessed PFC clinician user practices and perceptions of PFC impact on clinic workflow, guidelines application, and survivor shared decision‐making.

Procedure

A 35‐item REDCap survey was emailed to all PFC users (n = 936) in 146 current and former PFC user clinics. Anonymous responses were permitted. Results were summarized and compared with a 2012 survey.

Results

Data were available from 148 respondents representing 64 out of 146 PFC user clinics (minimum clinic response rate 44%, excluding 49 anonymous responses). Generation of a personalized SCP was the most common application of PFC, followed by determination of surveillance recommendations and use as a survivor database. Twenty‐five respondents (17%) felt data entry was a significant or insurmountable barrier to PFC application. Sixty‐nine percent of respondents attributed PFC with a very high/high impact on guidelines adherence in their clinical practice, compared with 40% who attributed PFC with having a significant impact on adherence in 2012 (p < .001).

Conclusion

The survey results provide valuable insights on patterns of SCP delivery and Survivor Clinic workflow. User‐perceived benefits to PFC included facilitating clinician ability to follow guidelines recommendations in clinical practice. Importantly, some barriers to resource utilization were also identified, suggesting a need for user‐informed adaptations to further improve uptake.
Synthesis, properties, and applications of polylactic acid‐based polymers
Authors: Ramezani Dana Hossein , Ebrahimi Farnoosh
Published: November 2022

Polylactic acid (PLA) is known as one of the greatest promising bioabsorbable and compostable polyesters with the capability of high molecular weight synthesis. Lactic acid condensation, azeotropic dehydration, and condensation ring‐open polymerize of lactide are three methods for PLA polymerization. Comprehension of material properties is critical for choosing the right processing method and adjusting PLA characteristics. A variety of mechanical properties of this material, from soft and elastic to stiff and high strength makes PLA suitable for a wide range of applications. Besides, PLA can be blended or copolymerized with other polymeric or non‐polymeric substances. Thus, this polymer can achieve suitable chemical, mechanical, and rheological properties. Understanding the role of these properties and selecting a suitable processing technique is necessary for its intended consumer and various applications. This study elaborated a general summary of the polymerization, processing, and characteristics of PLA (i.e., structural diversities, rheological performances, mechanical properties, and permeability). Besides, this work presented some information regarding essential factors that can be used for modifying PLA properties to address the requirements for various applications such as biomedical, food packing, biocomposite, and additive manufacturing.
Effect of static mixer on fiber orientation of injection molded fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Shotwell Demitri , Román Allen Jonathan , Yang Huaguang , Lin Chung‐Yin , Glas Stefanie , Chen Edward , Osswald Tim A. , Turng Lih‐Sheng
Published: November 2022

The effect of an in‐mold static mixer on orientation of fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) was explored within the injection molding process. Several mold geometries and helical mixer designs were assessed via simulation to identify the mixing ability and the potential effect on fiber orientation. It was found that the static mixers within the runner segment could successfully mix the polymer and randomize the fibers but that the fiber alignment reduction was quickly recovered. Injection molding experiments were carried out to verify these simulations using one geometry case. Fiber orientation at different mold locations were measured using micro‐CT (μCT) scans and the degree of fiber orientation was quantified by “goodness of fit” to a normal Gaussian function approach. The experimental fiber orientation results showed good agreement with the simulations. These experiments indicated that the use of a static mixer within the runner system of a mold could be used for mixing the polymer melt after the plasticizing unit of the injection molding machine. However, its effect on changing the overall alignment of the fibers within injection molded parts could be offset by the melt flow downstream of the static mixer, suggesting the importance of mixer location with respect to the part cavity.
Effects of plasma and its activated water on gene expression of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Li Yibing , Song Zhiqing , Zhang Tao , Ding Changjiang , Chen Hao
Published: November 2022

In this study, the seeds of Medicago truncatula are treated with plasma and plasma‐activated water (PAW), and the RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) of the seedlings is performed to analyze the gene expression changes. It is found that plasma treatment has no significant effect on seed survival rate, but PAW has an obvious lethal effect. Both methods result in the differential expression of a large number of genes in seedlings, and the expression of genes with the function of promoting plant growth and metabolism is significantly upregulated. The roots of seedlings in PAW group grow lateral roots. This study provides new ideas and experimental evidence for PAW plant culture research and has a guiding significance for leguminous plant breeding.
Tidal volume optimization and heart rate response during stabilization of very preterm infants
Authors: Cavigioli Francesco , Bresesti Ilia , Di Peri Antonio , Cerritelli Francesco , Gazzolo Diego , Gavilanes Antonio W. D. , Kramer Boris , te Pas Arjan , Lista Gianluca
Published: November 2022

Aim

To verify the added value of respiratory function monitor (RFM) to assess ventilation and the heart rate (HR) changes during stabilization of preterm infants.

Methods

Preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation, bradycardic at birth and in need for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) were included. The first 15 min of stabilization was monitored with RFM. Three time points were identified according to HR values (T0 the start of mask PPV; T1 the HR rise >100 bpm; T2 the delivery of the last PPV). For each inflation, PIP, PEEP, MAP, expired tidal volume/kg (Vte/kg), and mean dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were analyzed.

Results

PIP and MAP values were significantly higher at T1 (27.09 ± 5.37 and 17.47 ± 3.85 cmH2O) and at T2 (24.7 ± 3.86 and 15.2 ± 3.78 cmH2O) compared to T0 (24.05 ± 2.27 and 15.85 ± 2.77 cmH2O). PEEP at T1 was significantly higher (6.27 ± 2.17 cmH2O) compared to T2 (5.61 ± 1.50 cmH2O). Vte/kg showed significantly lower T0 values (3.57 ± 2.14 ml/kg) compared to T1 (6.18 ± 2.51 ml/kg) and T2 (6.89 ± 2.40 ml/kg). There was a significant effect of time on Cdyn.

Conclusions

A clear correspondence between HR rise and adequate Vte/kg during stabilization of very preterm infants was highlighted. RFM might be useful to tailor ventilation, following real‐time changes of lung compliance.
Performance of the domestic Bt corn event expressing pyramided Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa19 against the invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in China
Authors: Zhao Shengyuan , Yang Xianming , Liu Dazhong , Sun Xiaoxu , Li Guoping , Wu Kongming
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), has caused serious corn yield losses and increased the frequency of insecticide spraying on corn in Africa and Asia. Drawing lessons from the use of Bt corn to manage fall armyworm in the Americas, China released a certificate for the genetically modified corn event DBN3601T pyramidally expressing Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa19 for industrialization in 2021. Performance of the DBN3601T event against invasive fall armyworm in China was evaluated by plant tissue‐based bioassays and field trials during 2019–2021.

RESULTS

In the bioassays, tissues and organs of DBN3601T corn differed significantly in lethality to fall armyworm neonates in the order: leaf > husk > tassel and kernel > silk. In field trials, compared with non‐Bt corn, DBN3601T corn greatly suppressed fall armyworm populations and damage; larval density, damage incidence, and leaf damage scores for DBN3601T corn were significantly lower than for non‐Bt corn at different vegetative stages, and efficacy against larval populations during the 3 years ranged from 95.24% to 98.30%.

CONCLUSION

A laboratory bioassay and 3‐year field trials confirmed that DBN3601T corn greatly suppressed fall armyworm populations and has high potential as a control of this invasive pest, making it a key tactic for integrated management of fall armyworm in China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bayesian Estimation of Thermal Properties Using Periodically Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry: A Focus on Interfacial Thermal Resistances between Layers
Authors: Chassain Clément , Kusiak Andrzej , Krause Kevin , Garcia Marine , Battaglia Jean-Luc
Published: November 2022

Pulsed periodic photothermal radiometry (PPTR) allows the investigation of multilayered samples with layer thicknesses of a few hundred nanometers over a duration of a few nanoseconds. The link between theoretical calculations and experimentation is made using a Bayesian approach based on the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. The accuracy of the PPTR method requires precise calibration to provide an accurate proper emission measurement. Furthermore, the normalization time needs to be optimized through sensitivity analysis. Without this sensitivity analysis, it is impossible to simultaneously estimate the interfacial thermal resistances in a multilayered sample. The method is tested on multilayered samples composed of platinum (Pt), titanium nitride (TiN), silicon nitride (SiN), and silicon (Si). The parameters identified are interfacial thermal resistances between Pt–TiN and TiN–SiN.
A Non‐enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Graphene Modified Copper‐Nickel Bimetallic Dendrite Structure
Authors: Ren Zhaodi , Cao Lei , Guo Qihao , Dong Rui , Zhong Shengquan , Sun Xiaoliang , Liu Yuanan
Published: November 2022

Graphene modified dendritic CuNi crystals with CuNi preliminary layer were successfully prepared by using a plating method. It exhibits excellent glucose sensing property with sensitivity of 2353 μA⋅mM−1cm−2 within a linear range of 0.5 μM‐1.03 mM with a detection limit of 0.75 μM. The sensitivity can be further increased to 2914 μA⋅mM−1cm−2 within a linear range of 0.5 μM‐1.53 mM by using a graphite anode. The electrode shows the low adsorption resistance and diffusion resistance besides that of the lower electron transfer resistance. The synergistic effect between the bimetallic CuNi, Cu, Ni, CuO, Cu2O, Ni(OH)2 with high activity and graphene induced the high sensitivity of the electrode as‐prepared.
Metal peptide conjugates in cell and tissue imaging and biosensing
Authors: Gkika Karmel S. , Cullinane David , Keyes Tia E.
Published: November 2022

Metal complex luminophores have seen dramatic expansion in application as imaging probes over the past decade. This has been enabled by growing understanding of methods to promote their cell permeation and intracellular targeting. Amongst the successful approaches that have been applied in this regard is peptide-facilitated delivery. Cell-permeating or signal peptides can be readily conjugated to metal complex luminophores and have shown excellent response in carrying such cargo through the cell membrane. In this article, we describe the rationale behind applying metal complexes as probes and sensors in cell imaging and outline the advantages to be gained by applying peptides as the carrier for complex luminophores. We describe some of the progress that has been made in applying peptides in metal complex peptide-driven conjugates as a strategy for cell permeation and targeting of transition metal luminophores. Finally, we provide key examples of their application and outline areas for future progress.
Integration von Geflüchteten: Herausforderungen und Potenziale für ländliche Räume
Authors: Fick Johanna , Glorius Birgit , Kordel Stefan , Mehl Peter , Schammann Hannes
Published: November 2022

Im Einleitungskapitel werden Hintergrund und Problemstellung der Studie vorgestellt sowie das zugrundeliegende Verständnis der zentralen Begriffe ländliche Räume, ländliche Entwicklung, Migration und Integration erläutert. Weiterhin werden die zentrale konzeptionelle Rahmung nach Ager und Strang (2008), deren Erweiterung sowie die multiperspektivische Umsetzung des vielschichtigen Konzepts in die Projektarchitektur erläutert. Ein Überblick über die Struktur des Sammelbands und die einzelnen Kapitel beschließt dieses Kapitel.
Pest mites and their interaction with Phytoseiidae and other arthropod predators in an almond orchard in South-West Spain
Authors: González-Zamora José E.
Published: November 2022

The almond crop in Spain has increased in importance in recent years and consequently there is a need to improve knowledge about pests, diseases, and weeds. The present study was conducted from 2017 to 2020, with the objective of determining the fauna of spider mites and their natural enemies, with a special emphasis on phytoseiids. The main spider mite species was Tetranychus urticae Koch, and secondary species were Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) and Eutetranychus banksii (McGregor). Phytoseiidae were the most abundant group of natural enemies, with 59% of the individuals observed; Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) was the predominant species, accounting for 96% of adult females identified, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas Swirski & Ragusa accounted for the remaining 4%. Other (potential) natural enemies were Chrysopidae, Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, and Stethorus sp. with 36, 2, and 3%, respectively, of the natural enemy individuals. The seasonal pattern of T. urticae indicated population peaks from July to September, and its control was based on miticides in most seasons. Euseius stipulatus and T. athenas appeared mainly in May–June and did not show interaction with the spider mite population. Chrysopidae were present throughout the season, from May to October in the 4 years, but no direct relationship with the spider mite population was observed. In contrast, the seasonal pattern of both S. longicornis and Stethorus sp. coincided with the most important peaks of spider mites and these predators were seen in the spider mite colonies, although in very low numbers. The importance of these latter specialized spider mite predators and ways to strengthen them are discussed.
The potential for using aerated steam to eradicate strawberry mite and two-spotted spider mite on strawberry transplants
Authors: Johansen Nina Svae , Trandem Nina , Le Vinh Hong , Stensvand Arne
Published: November 2022

In this study, we investigated if a steam treatment program used to produce disease-free strawberry transplants has the potential to also eliminate strawberry mite (Phytonemus pallidus) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Crowns of strawberry plants collected in a commercial field, containing young, folded leaves with all life stages of P. pallidus, and strawberry leaf discs on water agar with T. urticae with non-diapausing adult females and eggs from a laboratory rearing, were exposed to warm aerated steam in a steam cabinet in a series of four experimental runs over 2 years. The steam treatments constituted of a 1-h pre-treatment with 37 °C steam followed by a 1-h recovery period at 21–25 °C, and then a main steam treatment at 44 °C for either 2, 4 (both P. pallidus and T. urticae) or 6 h (the more heat tolerant T. urticae only). After steaming, the plant material with P. pallidus or T. urticae were incubated at 21–25 °C until survival was assessed after 1–6 days, depending on the mite species and life-stage. Non-steamed plant material with mites was used as controls. The 4-h treatment killed all P. pallidus eggs, larvae and adults, and the 2-h treatment killed all individuals in all three stages except for one egg in one of the runs. There were no or minor effects of the steam treatments on T. urticae adult and egg survival. Based on these results, the tested steam treatments may be used to eliminate the strawberry mite but not the two-spotted spider mite from strawberry planting material.
A stochastic first-order trust-region method with inexact restoration for finite-sum minimization
Authors: Bellavia Stefania , Krejić Nataša , Morini Benedetta , Rebegoldi Simone
Published: November 2022

We propose a stochastic first-order trust-region method with inexact function and gradient evaluations for solving finite-sum minimization problems. Using a suitable reformulation of the given problem, our method combines the inexact restoration approach for constrained optimization with the trust-region procedure and random models. Differently from other recent stochastic trust-region schemes, our proposed algorithm improves feasibility and optimality in a modular way. We provide the expected number of iterations for reaching a near-stationary point by imposing some probability accuracy requirements on random functions and gradients which are, in general, less stringent than the corresponding ones in literature. We validate the proposed algorithm on some nonconvex optimization problems arising in binary classification and regression, showing that it performs well in terms of cost and accuracy, and allows to reduce the burdensome tuning of the hyper-parameters involved.
Validation of Perceived Academic Support Questionnaire (PASQ): a study using a sample of Dominican Republic high-school students
Authors: Reyes Betty , Martínez-Gregorio Sara , Galiana Laura , Tomás José M. , De los Santos Saturnino
Published: November 2022

The influence of academic support on students’ academic and personal development has been previously demonstrated. The objective of this study was to present a validation of the Perceived Academic Support Questionnaire (PASQ). This scale has three dimensions: academic support from (1) teachers, (2) family, and (3) peers. For the reliability analysis, we estimated the Cronbach alpha and Composite Reliability Indices (CRIs). Factorial validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and external validity was tested via a structural equation model in which the dimensions of academic support predicted academic motivation. The CFA fit indices showed very good fit to the data, supporting the theoretically proposed three-factor structure. The reliability indices, considering Cronbach alpha and CRI, were adequate for all dimensions and the predictive model fit was satisfactory. Teacher and parental academic support had a positive impact on academic motivation. On the contrary, a negative relationship between peer support and academic motivation was found. The evidence provided supports for the use of the PASQ as a brief academic support scale in future research.
Lentiviral Gene Transfer Corrects Immune Abnormalities in XIAP Deficiency
Authors: Topal Joseph , Panchal Neelam , Barroeta Amairelys , Roppelt Anna , Mudde Annelotte , Gaspar H. Bobby , Thrasher Adrian J. , Houghton Benjamin C. , Booth Claire
Published: November 2022

Background

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) deficiency is a severe immunodeficiency with clinical features including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to defective NOD2 responses. Management includes immunomodulatory therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, this cohort is particularly susceptible to the chemotherapeutic regimens and acutely affected by graft-vs-host disease (GvHD), driving poor long-term survival in transplanted patients. Autologous HSC gene therapy could offer an alternative treatment option and would abrogate the risks of alloreactivity.

Methods

Hematopoietic progenitor (Lin−ve) cells from XIAPy/− mice were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding human XIAP cDNA before transplantation into irradiated XIAP y/− recipients. After 12 weeks animals were challenged with the dectin-1 ligand curdlan and recovery of innate immune function was evaluated though analysis of inflammatory cytokines, body weight, and splenomegaly. XIAP patient-derived CD14+ monocytes were transduced with the same vector and functional recovery was demonstrated using in vitro L18-MDP/NOD2 assays.

Results

In treated XIAPy/− mice, ~40% engraftment of gene-corrected Lin−ve cells led to significant recovery of weight loss, splenomegaly, and inflammatory cytokine responses to curdlan, comparable to wild-type mice. Serum IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and TNF were significantly reduced 2-h post-curdlan administration in non-corrected XIAPy/− mice compared to wild-type and gene-corrected animals. Appropriate reduction of inflammatory responses was observed in gene-corrected mice, whereas non-corrected mice developed an inflammatory profile 9 days post-curdlan challenge. In gene-corrected patient CD14+ monocytes, TNF responses were restored following NOD2 activation with L18-MDP.

Conclusion

Gene correction of HSCs recovers XIAP-dependent immune defects and could offer a treatment option for patients with XIAP deficiency.
Childhood Predictors of Adult Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization
Authors: Curtis Ashlee , Harries Travis , Pizzirani Bengianni , Hyder Shannon , Baldwin Ryan , Mayshak Richelle , Walker Arlene , Toumbourou John W , Miller Peter
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This systematic review is a 5-year update of a previously conducted review on the longitudinal predictors of domestic violence perpetration and victimization. This review adopted the term ‘Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)’ to align with current literature and addressed two aims: to identify any novel longitudinal risk factors since the previous review, and to determine if a distinction could be drawn between risk factors for perpetration and victimization (a limitation identified by the previous review).

Methods

Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria of prospectively investigating childhood/adolescent predictors (prior to age 18) for adulthood IPV perpetration and victimization. Peer-reviewed papers were identified via the following databases in November 2020: MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, SocINDEX, EMBASE, and Scopus. Study quality was assessed using the Cambridge Quality Checklists.

Results

Consistent with the previous review, child and adolescent abuse, family of origin risks, child and adolescent behavioral problems, and adolescent peer risks were identified as significant predictors of IPV perpetration and victimization. The current review, however, adds nuance to these findings, identifying potential moderating and/or mediating factors and additional risk factors, including mental health and cultural and attitudinal risks.

Conclusion

This review re-emphasizes the importance of developmental risk factors for adulthood IPV perpetration and victimization, and their role in prevention and intervention efforts.
Influence of the Multiple Injection Moulding and Composting Time on the Properties of Selected Packaging and Furan-Based Polyesters
Authors: Paszkiewicz Sandra , Walkowiak Konrad , Irska Izabela , Mechowska Sonia , Stankiewicz Katarzyna , Zubkiewicz Agata , Piesowicz Elżbieta , Miadlicki Piotr
Published: November 2022

In recent years, there has been a trend toward replacing petrochemical raw materials with so-called “bio” plastics, i.e. plastics from renewable sources. Herein, the susceptibility of degradation in the compost heap of three types of packaging polyesters, by means of PET and biobased PEF and PLA, with other thermoplastic polyesters with more methylene groups (three and six) bio—(PTF and PHF, respectively) and petrochemically-based (PTT and PHT, respectively) has been studied. Two series of polymer materials based on ethylene, propylene, and hexamethylene glycols and two diesters (dimethyl terephthalate and dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate) were thus obtained and compared with “double green” PLA. Moreover, the assessment of the influence of the subsequent processing cycle (injection moulding) on the utilitarian properties of these materials, constitutes the analogy to the subsequent recycling cycle. The susceptibility to degradation was assessed in the context of changes in the structure (analyzed by FTIR and DSC), intrinsic viscosity, and mechanical performance. In addition, chromatographic analysis of the solutions of the analyzed samples in methanol was carried out in order to determine whether and what low-molecular compounds were released from the analyzed polyesters. It has been shown that furan-based polyesters have great potential to replace materials based on dimethyl terephthalate-based polyesters.