bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-36 Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammatory Responses and Their Emerging Role in Immunology of Reproduction
Authors: Murrieta-Coxca José Martin , Rodríguez-Martínez Sandra , Cancino-Diaz Mario Eugenio , Markert Udo R. , Favaro Rodolfo R. , Morales-Prieto Diana M.
Published: April 2019

The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines has been recently described as part of the IL-1 superfamily. It comprises three pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ), their receptor (IL-36R), and one antagonist (IL-36Ra). Although expressed in a variety of cells, the biological relevance of IL-36 cytokines is most evident in the communication between epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, which constitute the common triad responsible for the initiation, maintenance, and expansion of inflammation. The immunological role of IL-36 cytokines was initially described in studies of psoriasis, but novel evidence demonstrates their involvement in further immune and inflammatory processes in physiological and pathological situations. Preliminary studies have reported a dynamic expression of IL-36 cytokines in the female reproductive tract throughout the menstrual cycle, as well as their association with the production of immune mediators and cellular recruitment in the vaginal microenvironment contributing to host defense. In pregnancy, alteration of the placental IL-36 axis has been reported upon infection and pre-eclampsia suggesting its pivotal role in the regulation of maternal immune responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms and biological actions of IL-36 cytokines, their participation in different inflammatory conditions, and the emerging data on their potential role in normal and complicated pregnancies.
Proinsulin C-Peptide Enhances Cell Survival and Protects against Simvastatin-Induced Myotoxicity in L6 Rat Myoblasts
Authors: Essid Sumia Mohamed , Bevington Alan , Brunskill Nigel J.
Published: April 2019

The repair capacity of progenitor skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is decreased. This is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle function. In T1DM, the deficiency of C-peptide along with insulin is associated with an impairment of skeletal muscle functions such as growth, and repair, and is thought to be an important contributor to increased morbidity and mortality. Recently, cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins) have also been reported to increase the risk of skeletal muscle dysfunction. We hypothesised that C-peptide activates key signaling pathways in myoblasts, thus promoting cell survival and protecting against simvastatin-induced myotoxicity. This was tested by investigating the effects of C-peptide on the L6 rat myoblast cell line under serum-starved conditions. Results: C-peptide at concentrations as low as 0.03 nM exerted stimulatory effects on intracellular signaling pathways—MAP kinase (ERK1/2) and Akt. When apoptosis was induced by simvastatin, 3 nM C-peptide potently suppressed the apoptotic effect through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. Simvastatin strongly impaired Akt signaling and stimulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; suggesting that Akt signaling and oxidative stress are important factors in statin-induced apoptosis in L6 myoblasts. The findings indicate that C-peptide exerts an important protective effect against death signaling in myoblasts. Therefore, in T1DM, the deficiency of C-peptide may contribute to myopathy by rendering myoblast-like progenitor cells (involved in muscle regeneration) more susceptible to the toxic effects of insults such as simvastatin.
Capsaicin Targets Lipogenesis in HepG2 Cells Through AMPK Activation, AKT Inhibition and PPARs Regulation
Authors: Bort Alicia , Sánchez Belén G. , Mateos-Gómez Pedro A. , Díaz-Laviada Inés , Rodríguez-Henche Nieves
Published: April 2019

Obesity, a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), represents a serious primary health problem worldwide. Dietary habits are of special interest to prevent and counteract the obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, including lipid steatosis. Capsaicin, a pungent compound of chili peppers, has been found to ameliorate diet-induced obesity in rodents and humans. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of capsaicin on hepatic lipogenesis and to delineate the underlying signaling pathways involved, using HepG2 cells as an experimental model. Cellular neutral lipids, stained with BODIPY493/503, were quantified by flow cytometry, and the protein expression and activity were determined by immunoblotting. Capsaicin reduced basal neutral lipid content in HepG2 cells, as well that induced by troglitazone or by oleic acid. This effect of capsaicin was prevented by dorsomorphin and GW9662, pharmacological inhibitors of AMPK and PPARγ, respectively. In addition, capsaicin activated AMPK and inhibited the AKT/mTOR pathway, major regulators of hepatic lipogenesis. Furthermore, capsaicin blocked autophagy and increased PGC-1α protein. These results suggest that capsaicin behaves as an anti-lipogenic compound in HepG2 cells.
IMM-H004 Protects against Cerebral Ischemia Injury and Cardiopulmonary Complications via CKLF1 Mediated Inflammation Pathway in Adult and Aged Rats
Authors: Ai Qidi , Chen Chen , Chu Shifeng , Luo Yun , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Shuai , Yang Pengfei , Gao Yan , Zhang Xiaoling , Chen Naihong
Published: April 2019

(1) Background: Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) is a chemokine with potential to be a target for stroke therapy. Compound IMM-H004 is a novel coumarin derivative screened from a CKLF1/C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) system and has been reported to improve cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of IMM-H004 on cerebral ischemia injury and its infectious cardiopulmonary complications in adult and aged rats from the CKLF1 perspective. (2) Methods: The effects of IMM-H004 on the protection was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, behavior tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Nissl staining, histo-pathological examination, and cardiopulmonary function detection. Immunohistological staining, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and western blotting were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. (3) Results: IMM-H004 protects against cerebral ischemia induced brain injury and its cardiopulmonary complications, inhibiting injury, and inflammation through CKLF1-dependent anti-inflammation pathway in adult and aged rats. IMM-H004 downregulates the amount of CKLF1, suppressing the followed inflammatory response, and further protects the damaged organs from ischemic injury. (4) Conclusions: The present study suggested that the protective mechanism of IMM-H004 is dependent on CKLF1, which will lead to excessive inflammatory response in cerebral ischemia. IMM-H004 could also be a therapeutic agent in therapy for ischemic stroke and cardiopulmonary complications in the aged population.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 1 β-glucosidase Genes in Brassica rapa and Their Potential Role in Pollen Development
Authors: Dong Xiangshu , Jiang Yuan , Hur Yoonkang
Published: April 2019

Glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) β-glucosidases (BGLUs) are encoded by a large number of genes, and are involved in many developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Due to their importance in plant growth and development, genome-wide analyses have been conducted in model plants (Arabidopsis and rice) and maize, but not in Brassica species, which are important vegetable crops. In this study, we systematically analyzed B. rapa BGLUs (BrBGLUs), and demonstrated the involvement of several genes in pollen development. Sixty-four BrBGLUs were identified in Brassica databases, which were anchored onto 10 chromosomes, with 10 tandem duplications. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 64 genes were classified into 10 subgroups, and each subgroup had relatively conserved intron/exon structures. Clustering with Arabidopsis BGLUs (AtBGLUs) facilitated the identification of several important subgroups for flavonoid metabolism, the production of glucosinolates, the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and other defense-related compounds. At least six BrBGLUs might be involved in pollen development. The expression of BrBGLU10/AtBGLU20, the analysis of co-expressed genes, and the examination of knocked down Arabidopsis plants strongly suggests that BrBGLU10/AtBGLU20 has an indispensable function in pollen development. The results that are obtained from this study may provide valuable information for the further understanding of β-glucosidase function and Brassica breeding, for nutraceuticals-rich Brassica crops.
Bridging the Gap between Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s-like Diseases in Animals
Authors: Gołaszewska Anita , Bik Wojciech , Motyl Tomasz , Orzechowski Arkadiusz
Published: April 2019

The average life span steadily grows in humans and in animals kept as pets or left in sanctuaries making the issue of elderly-associated cognitive impairment a hot-spot for scientists. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of progressive mental deterioration in aging humans, and there is a growing body of evidence that similar disorders (Alzheimer’s-like diseases, ALD) are observed in animals, more than ever found in senescent individuals. This review reveals up to date knowledge in pathogenesis, hallmarks, diagnostic approaches and modalities in AD faced up with ALD related to different animal species. If found at necropsy, there are striking similarities between senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in human and animal brains. Also, the set of clinical symptoms in ALD resembles that observed in AD. At molecular and microscopic levels, the human and animal brain histopathology in AD and ALD shows a great resemblance. AD is fatal, and the etiology is still unknown, although the myriad of efforts and techniques were employed in order to decipher the molecular mechanisms of disease onset and its progression. Nowadays, according to an increasing number of cases reported in animals, apparently, biochemistry of AD and ALD has a lot in common. Described observations point to the importance of extensive in vivo models and extensive pre-clinical studies on aging animals as a suitable model for AD disease.
Circulating miRNA Signature as a Potential Biomarker for the Prediction of Analgesic Efficacy of Hydromorphone
Authors: Kiyosawa Naoki , Watanabe Kenji , Toyama Kaoru , Ishizuka Hitoshi
Published: April 2019

No practical biomarkers currently exist for the prediction of the analgesic efficacy of opioids. Previously, we reported circulating miRNA signatures differentially regulated by µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that these miRNAs could be potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers to estimate MOR stimulation, and predict the efficacy of opioids; i.e., patients with low MOR stimulation may be more vulnerable to strengthening of the MOR signal upon hydromorphone treatment. To test this hypothesis, plasma samples were obtained from 25 patients with cancer pain prior to the initiation of hydromorphone treatment and the circulating miRNA levels were evaluated, focusing on four miRNAs (i.e., hsa-miR-423-3p, hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, and hsa-let-7f-5p) and four miRNAs (i.e., hsa-miR-144-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-215, and hsa-miR-363-3p) that were most clearly up and downregulated by hydromorphone and oxycodone. The patients were classified into two classes with putative high and low MOR signal, estimated based on the plasma miRNA signature. A significant correlation was observed between the analgesic efficacy and the putative MOR signal level, and patients with low MOR signal achieved better pain control (i.e., ΔVAS < 0) through hydromorphone. These results suggested that plasma miRNA signatures could serve as clinical biomarkers for the prediction of the analgesic efficacy of hydromorphone.
The Effect of Conditioned Media of Stem Cells Derived from Lipoma and Adipose Tissue on Macrophages’ Response and Wound Healing in Indirect Co-culture System In Vitro
Authors: Stojanović Sanja , Najman Stevo
Published: April 2019

Immunomodulatory and wound healing activities of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been reported in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models suggesting their beneficial role in regenerative medicine and treatments of inflammatory-related disorders. Lipoma-derived stem cells (LDSCs) were reported as a potential tool in regenerative medicine due to the similarity with ADSCs but we have previously shown that LDSCs have different differentiation capacity than ADSCs despite a similar mesenchymal phenotype. To further analyze the potential differences and/or similarities between those two stem cell types, in the present study we examined the macrophages (MΦs)’ response, immunomodulatory and wound healing effect of conditioned media (CM) of LDSCs and ADSCs in indirect co-culture system in vitro. We confirmed similar mesenchymal phenotype and stemness state of LDSCs and ADSCs but indicated differences in expression of some inflammatory-related genes. Anti-inflammatory potential of CM of LDSCs and ADSCs, with pronounced effect of LDSCs, in unstimulated RAW 264.7 MΦs was evaluated by decrease in Tnf and increase in Il10 gene expression, which was confirmed by corresponding cytokines’ secretion analysis. Conditioned media of both LDSCs and ADSCs led to the functional activation of MΦs, with slightly more pronounced effect of CM of LDSCs, while both stimulated wound healing in vitro in a similar manner. Results of this study suggest that LDSCs secrete soluble factors like ADSCs and therefore may have a potential for application in regenerative medicine, due to immunomodulatory and wound healing activity, and indicate that LDSCs through secretome may interact with other cells in lipoma tissue.
Future Aspects for Cannabinoids in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kisková Terézia , Mungenast Felicitas , Suváková Mária , Jäger Walter , Thalhammer Theresia
Published: April 2019

Cannabinoids (CBs) from Cannabis sativa provide relief for tumor-associated symptoms (including nausea, anorexia, and neuropathic pain) in the palliative treatment of cancer patients. Additionally, they may decelerate tumor progression in breast cancer patients. Indeed, the psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and other CBs inhibited disease progression in breast cancer models. The effects of CBs on signaling pathways in cancer cells are conferred via G-protein coupled CB-receptors (CB-Rs), CB1-R and CB2-R, but also via other receptors, and in a receptor-independent way. THC is a partial agonist for CB1-R and CB2-R; CBD is an inverse agonist for both. In breast cancer, CB1-R expression is moderate, but CB2-R expression is high, which is related to tumor aggressiveness. CBs block cell cycle progression and cell growth and induce cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting constitutive active pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway. They reduce angiogenesis and tumor metastasis in animal breast cancer models. CBs are not only active against estrogen receptor-positive, but also against estrogen-resistant breast cancer cells. In human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer cells, blocking protein kinase B- and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling via CB2-R prevents tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including tamoxifen, bind to CB-Rs; this process may contribute to the growth inhibitory effect of SERMs in cancer cells lacking the estrogen receptor. In summary, CBs are already administered to breast cancer patients at advanced stages of the disease, but they might also be effective at earlier stages to decelerate tumor progression.
Serial Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction of HIV-1 Gag MA-IP6 Microcrystals at Ambient Temperature
Authors: I Ciftci Halil , G Sierra Raymond , Yoon Chun Hong , Su Zhen , Tateishi Hiroshi , Koga Ryoko , Kotaro Koiwai , Yumoto Fumiaki , Senda Toshiya , Liang Mengling , Wakatsuki Soichi , Otsuka Masami , Fujita Mikako , DeMirci Hasan
Published: April 2019

The Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) matrix (MA) domain is involved in the highly regulated assembly process of the virus particles that occur at the host cell’s plasma membrane. High-resolution structures of the MA domain determined using cryo X-ray crystallography have provided initial insights into the possible steps in the viral assembly process. However, these structural studies have relied on large and frozen crystals in order to reduce radiation damage caused by the intense X-rays. Here, we report the first X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) study of the HIV-1 MA domain’s interaction with inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), a phospholipid headgroup mimic. We also describe the purification, characterization and microcrystallization of two MA crystal forms obtained in the presence of IP6. In addition, we describe the capabilities of serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) using an XFEL to elucidate the diffraction data of MA-IP6 complex microcrystals in liquid suspension at ambient temperature. Two different microcrystal forms of the MA-IP6 complex both diffracted to beyond 3.5 Å resolution, demonstrating the feasibility of using SFX to study the complexes of MA domain of HIV-1 Gag polyprotein with IP6 at near-physiological temperatures. Further optimization of the experimental and data analysis procedures will lead to better understanding of the MA domain of HIV-1 Gag and IP6 interaction at high resolution and will provide basis for optimization of the lead compounds for efficient inhibition of the Gag protein recruitment to the plasma membrane prior to virion formation.
Essential Role of Visfatin in Lipopolysaccharide and Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Lee Yi-Chen , Lin Chun-Yu , Chen Yen-Hsu , Chiu Wen-Chin , Wang Yen-Yun , Hsu Chin , Hu Stephen Chu-Sung , Su Yu-Han , Yuan Shyng-Shiou F.
Published: April 2019

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by acute and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Visfatin, which is known as an obesity-related cytokine with pro-inflammatory activities, plays a role in regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The mechanisms of ALI remain unclear in critically ill patients. Survival in ALI patients appear to be influenced by the stress generated by mechanical ventilation and by ALI-associated factors that initiate the inflammatory response. The objective for this study was to understand the mechanisms of how visfatin regulates inflammatory cytokines and promotes ALI. The expression of visfatin was evaluated in ALI patients and mouse sepsis models. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms were investigated using human bronchial epithelial cell lines, BEAS-2B and NL-20. An increase of serum visfatin was discovered in ALI patients compared to normal controls. Results from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry staining also showed that visfatin protein was upregulated in mouse sepsis models. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced visfatin expression, activated the STAT3/NFκB pathway, and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL1-β, IL-6, and TNF-α in human bronchial epithelial cell lines NL-20 and BEAS-2B. Co-treatment of visfatin inhibitor FK866 reversed the activation of the STAT3/NFκB pathway and the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Our study provides new evidence for the involvement of visfatin and down-stream events in acute lung injury. Further studies are required to confirm whether the anti-visfatin approaches can improve ALI patient survival by alleviating the pro-inflammatory process.
Hyperglycaemia-Induced Downregulation in Expression of nNOS Intramural Neurons of the Small Intestine in the Pig
Authors: Bulc Michał , Palus Katarzyna , Dąbrowski Michał , Całka Jarosław
Published: April 2019

Diabetic autonomic peripheral neuropathy (PN) involves a broad spectrum of organs. One of them is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of digestive complications are not yet fully understood. Digestion is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS) within the wall of the GI tract. Enteric neurons exert regulatory effects due to the many biologically active substances secreted and released by enteric nervous system (ENS) structures. These include nitric oxide (NO), produced by the neural nitric oxide synthase enzyme (nNOS). It is a very important inhibitory factor, necessary for smooth muscle relaxation. Moreover, it was noted that nitrergic innervation can undergo adaptive changes during pathological processes. Additionally, nitrergic neurons function may be regulated through the synthesis of other active neuropeptides. Therefore, in the present study, using the immunofluorescence technique, we first examined the influence of hyperglycemia on the NOS- containing neurons in the porcine small intestine and secondly the co-localization of nNOS with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL) and substance P (SP) in all plexuses studied. Following chronic hyperglycaemia, we observed a reduction in the number of the NOS-positive neurons in all intestinal segments studied, as well as an increased in investigated substances in nNOS positive neurons. This observation confirmed that diabetic hyperglycaemia can cause changes in the neurochemical characteristics of enteric neurons, which can lead to numerous disturbances in gastrointestinal tract functions. Moreover, can be the basis of an elaboration of these peptides analogues utilized as therapeutic agents in the treatment of GI complications.
Mel1c Mediated Monochromatic Light-Stimulated IGF-I Synthesis through the Intracellular Gαq/PKC/ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ning Shujie , Wang Zixu , Cao Jing , Dong Yulan , Chen Yaoxing
Published: April 2019

Previous studies have demonstrated that monochromatic light affects plasma melatonin (MEL) levels, which in turn regulates hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion via the Mel1c receptor. However, the intracellular signaling pathway initiated by Mel1c remains unclear. In this study, newly hatched broilers, including intact, sham operation, and pinealectomy groups, were exposed to either white (WL), red (RL), green (GL), or blue (BL) light for 14 days. Experiments in vivo showed that GL significantly promoted plasma MEL formation, which was accompanied by an increase in the MEL receptor, Mel1c, as well as phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2), and IGF-I expression in the liver, compared to the other light-treated groups. In contrast, this GL stimulation was attenuated by pinealectomy. Exogenous MEL elevated the hepatocellular IGF-I level, which is consistent with increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Gαq, phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), and p-ERK1/2 expression. However, the Mel1c selective antagonist prazosin suppressed the MEL-induced expression of IGF-I, Gαq, p-PKC, and p-ERK1/2, while the cAMP concentration was barely affected. In addition, pretreatment with Ym254890 (a Gαq inhibitor), Go9863 (a PKC inhibitor), and PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) markedly attenuated MEL-stimulated IGF-I expression and p-ERK1/2 activity. These results indicate that Mel1c mediates monochromatic GL-stimulated IGF-I synthesis through intracellular Gαq/PKC/ERK signaling.
N-Terminal Domain Mediated Regulation of RORα1 Inhibits Invasive Growth in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Park Su Chan , Park Il-Geun , Kim Hyunkyung , Lee Ji Min
Published: April 2019

Four members of the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) family (RORα1, RORα2, RORα3 and RORα4) are transcription factors that regulate several processes including circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, cerebellar development, immune function, and cancer. Only two isoforms, RORα1 and 4, are specifically co-expressed in the murine and human. In the present study, we identified a specific N-terminal domain (NTD) of RORα1 that potentiated the downregulation of target genes involved in tumor progression and proliferation, based on results from RORα-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and prostate carcinoma tissues. The hyperactivation of proliferative target genes were observed in RORα-deficient embryonic fibroblasts, and reconstitution of RORα1 inhibited this activation by a NTD dependent manner. Downregulation of RORα1 and upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes were correlated in prostate cancer patients. These findings revealed the control of invasive growth by NTD-mediated RORα1 signaling, suggesting advanced approaches for the development of therapeutic drugs.
Distinct Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists Differentially Impact D2 Receptor Oligomerization
Authors: Wouters Elise , Marín Adrián Ricarte , Dalton James Andrew Rupert , Giraldo Jesús , Stove Christophe
Published: April 2019

Dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) are known to form transient homodimer complexes, of which the increased formation has already been associated with development of schizophrenia. Pharmacological targeting and modulation of the equilibrium of these receptor homodimers might lead to a better understanding of the critical role played by these complexes in physiological and pathological conditions. Whereas agonist addition has shown to prolong the D2R dimer lifetime and increase the level of dimer formation, the possible influence of D2R antagonists on dimerization has remained rather unexplored. Here, using a live-cell reporter assay based on the functional complementation of a split Nanoluciferase, a panel of six D2R antagonists were screened for their ability to modulate the level of D2LR dimer formation. Incubation with the D2R antagonist spiperone decreased the level of D2LR dimer formation significantly by 40–60% in real-time and after long-term (≥16 h) incubations. The fact that dimer formation of the well-studied A2a–D2LR dimer was not altered following incubation with spiperone supports the specificity of this observation. Other D2R antagonists, such as clozapine, risperidone, and droperidol did not significantly evoke this dissociation event. Furthermore, molecular modeling reveals that spiperone presents specific Tyr1995.48 and Phe3906.52 conformations, compared to clozapine, which may determine D2R homodimerization.
The Effect of Maternal Intact Protein- and Amino Acid-Based Diets on Development of Food Intake Regulatory Systems and Body Weight in Dams and Male Offspring of Wistar Rats
Authors: Jahan-mihan Alireza
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of maternal and weaning intact protein- and amino acid-based diets on regulation of food intake, intake regulatory hormones, and body weight in dams and their male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated to two groups (n = 12) and were fed either an intact protein diet (IPD) or mixed amino acid diet (AAD) from day 3 of gestation throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to either an IPD or AAD for 18 weeks. Food intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were measured weekly. Results: In dams, the AAD group had lower FI and BW in the post-partum period compared with the IPD group. In pups born to AAD dams, birth weight and BW were lower. However, the percentage of fat and lean mass were not affected. Food intake was influenced by maternal diet and was higher in pups born to IPD dams throughout post-weaning. Short-term FI in response to protein preloads was lower in pups born to AAD dams in 1 h. Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were not influenced by either maternal or weaning diet. However, peptide YY (PYY) was higher in pups born to IPD dams at weaning. Conclusions: The physicochemical properties of proteins fed during pregnancy and lactation had determining effects on the body weight and development of food intake regulatory systems in offspring. Maternal AAD resulted in lower BW in dams and lower birth weight and post-weaning BWs in pups compared with maternal IPD which was consistent with their lower FI.
Dynamic TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Critical Initiation Process of Totipotency during Cotton Somatic Embryogenesis Transdifferentiation
Authors: Guo Haixia , Guo Huihui , Zhang Li , Fan Yijie , Fan Yupeng , Tang Zhengmin , Zeng Fanchang
Published: April 2019

The somatic embryogenesis (SE) process of plants, as one of the typical responses to abiotic stresses with hormone, occurs through the dynamic expression of different proteins that constitute a complex regulatory network in biological activities and promotes plant totipotency. Plant SE includes two critical stages: primary embryogenic calli redifferentiation and somatic embryos development initiation, which leads to totipotency. The isobaric labels tandem mass tags (TMT) large-scale and quantitative proteomics technique was used to identify the dynamic protein expression changes in nonembryogenic calli (NEC), primary embryogenic calli (PEC) and globular embryos (GEs) of cotton. A total of 9369 proteins (6730 quantified) were identified; 805, 295 and 1242 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in PEC versus NEC, GEs versus PEC and GEs versus NEC, respectively. Eight hundred and five differentially abundant proteins were identified, 309 of which were upregulated and 496 down regulated in PEC compared with NEC. Of the 295 DAPs identified between GEs and PEC, 174 and 121 proteins were up- and down regulated, respectively. Of 1242 differentially abundant proteins, 584 and 658 proteins were up- and down regulated, respectively, in GEs versus NEC. We have also complemented the authenticity and accuracy of the proteomic analysis. Systematic analysis indicated that peroxidase, photosynthesis, environment stresses response processes, nitrogen metabolism, phytohormone response/signal transduction, transcription/posttranscription and modification were involved in somatic embryogenesis. The results generated in this study demonstrate a proteomic molecular basis and provide a valuable foundation for further investigation of the roles of DAPs in the process of SE transdifferentiation during cotton totipotency.
Personal Data Market Optimization Pricing Model Based on Privacy Level
Authors: Yang Jian , Xing Chunxiao
Published: April 2019

In the era of the digital economy, data has become a new key production factor, and personal data represents the monetary value of a data-driven economy. Both the public and private sectors want to use these data for research and business. However, due to privacy issues, access to such data is limited. Given the business opportunities that have gaps between demand and supply, we consider establishing a private data market to resolve supply and demand conflicts. While there are many challenges to building such a data market, we only focus on three technical challenges: (1) How to provide a fair trading mechanism between data providers and data platforms? (2) What is the consumer’s attitude toward privacy data? (3) How to price personal data to maximize the profit of the data platform? In this paper, we first propose a compensation mechanism based on the privacy attitude of the data provider. Second, we analyze consumer self-selection behavior and establish a non-linear model to represent consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). Finally, we establish a bi-level programming model and use genetic simulated annealing algorithm to solve the optimal pricing problem of personal data. The experimental results show that multi-level privacy division can meet the needs of consumers and maximize the profit of data platform.
A High-Resolution Joint Angle-Doppler Estimation Sub-Nyquist Radar Approach Based on Matrix Completion
Authors: Wang Quanhui , Sun Ying
Published: April 2019

In order to reduce power consumption and save storage capacity, we propose a high-resolution sub-Nyquist radar approach based on matrix completion (MC), termed as single-channel sub-Nyquist-MC radars. While providing the high-resolution joint angle-Doppler estimation, this proposed radar approach minimizes the number of samples in all three dimensions, that is, the range dimension, the pulse dimension (also named temporal dimension), and the spatial dimension. In range dimension, we use a single-channel analog-to-information converter (AIC) to reduce the number of range samples to one; in both spatial and temporal dimensions, we employ a bank of random switch units to regulate the AICs, which greatly reduce the number of spatial-temporal samples. According to the proposed sampling scheme, the samples in digital processing center forwarded by M receive nodes and N pulses are only a subset of the full matrix of size M times N. Under certain conditions and with the knowledge of the sampling scheme, the full matrix can be perfectly recovered by using MC techniques. Based on the recovered full matrix, this paper addresses the problem of the high-resolution joint angle-Doppler estimation by employing compressed sensing (CS) techniques. The properties and performance of the proposed approach are demonstrated via simulations.
Understanding the EMR-Related Experiences of Pregnant Japanese Women to Redesign Antenatal Care EMR Systems
Authors: Helou Samar , Abou-Khalil Victoria , Yamamoto Goshiro , Kondoh Eiji , Tamura Hiroshi , Hiragi Shusuke , Sugiyama Osamu , Okamoto Kazuya , Nambu Masayuki , Kuroda Tomohiro
Published: April 2019

Woman-centered antenatal care necessitates Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems that respect women’s preferences. However, women’s preferences regarding EMR systems in antenatal care remain unknown. This work aims to understand the EMR-related experiences that pregnant Japanese women want. First, we conducted a field-based observational study at an antenatal care clinic at a Japanese university hospital. We analyzed the data following a thematic analysis approach and found multiple EMR-related experiences that pregnant women encounter during antenatal care. Based on the observations’ findings, we administered a web survey to 413 recently pregnant Japanese women to understand their attitudes regarding the EMR-related experiences. Our results show that pregnant Japanese women want accessible, exchangeable, and biopsychosocial EMRs. They also want EMR-enabled explanations and summaries. Interestingly, differences in their demographics and stages of pregnancy affected their attitudes towards some EMR-related experiences. To respect their preferences, we propose amplifying the roles of EMR systems as tools that promote communication and woman-centeredness in antenatal care. We also propose expanding the EMR design mindset from a biomedical to a biopsychosocial-oriented one. Finally, to accommodate the differences in individual needs and preferences, we propose the design of adaptable person-centered EMR systems.
Inflammation and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Signorelli Salvatore Santo , Marino Elisa , Scuto Salvatore
Published: April 2019

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease closely associated with high morbidity and mortality in cardiac events. Inflammation is crucial in atherosclerosis both at triggering and in progression. Numerous inflammatory biomarkers (cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen) have been measured in atherosclerotic diseases including PAD. This paper summarizes the data on the inflammatory biomarkers for PAD pathophysiology and highlights the most useful markers in monitoring PAD outcomes.
Biological Activity and Nanostructuration of Fe3O4-Ag/High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites
Authors: Nguyen-Tri Phuong , Nguyen Van Thang , Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: April 2019

We report here the synthesis of uniform nanospheres-like silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 5–10 nm) and the dumbbell-like Fe3O4-Ag hybrid nanoparticles (FeAg NPs, 8–16 nm) by the use of a seeding growth method in the presence of oleic acid (OA)/oleylamine (OLA) as surfactants. The antibacterial activity of pure nanoparticles and nanocomposites by monitoring the bacterial lag–log growth has been investigated. The electron transfer from Ag NPs to Fe3O4 NPs which enhances the biological of silver nanoparticles has been proven by nanoscale Raman spectroscopy. The lamellae structure in the spherulite of FeAg NPs/High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites seems to play the key role in the antibacterial activity of nanocomposites, which has been proven by nanoscale AFM-IR. An atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale infrared microscopy (AFM-IR) is used to highlight the distribution of nanoparticles on the surface of nanocomposite at the nanoscale. The presence of FeAg NPs in PE nanocomposites has a better antibacterial activity than that reinforced by Ag NPs due to the faster Ag+ release rate from the Fe3O4-Ag hybrid nanoparticles and the ionization of Ag NPs in hybrid nanostructure.
Sleep Deprivation and Physiological Responses. A Case Report
Authors: Coco Marinella , Buscemi Andrea , Guarnera Maria , La Paglia Rosamaria , Perciavalle Valentina , Di Corrado Donatella
Published: April 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 72-h sleep deprivation on normal daily activities (work, family, and sports), and to investigate whether sleep can be chronically reduced without dangerous consequences. Methods: The participant in this study was an adult male (age 41 years; mass 69 kg; height 173 cm). During the 72 h, data were collected every 6 h, involving a baseline (pre-deprivation). We monitored various parameters: Oxidative Stress (D-Rom and Bap test), Psychological Responses (test POMS and Measure of Global Stress), Metabolic expenditure (kJ) using a metabolic holter, EEG records, Cortisol, and Catecholamines level. Results: An interesting result was observed in the post-test phase, when a brief moment of deep sleep and total absence of a very deep sleep occurred, while an almost normal condition occurred in the pre-test sleep. Conclusion: During the 72-h sleep deprivation, no psycho-physiological stress was recorded. The participant has remained within the threshold of well-being. Only a peak was recorded during the 66th hour, but it was within the wellness threshold.
Investigation of Lumped-Mass Method on Coupled Torsional-longitudinal Vibrations for a Marine Propulsion Shaft with Impact Factors
Authors: Huang Qianwen , Liu Haiyun , Cao Jiyin
Published: April 2019

Severe vibrations of the marine propulsion shaft can evidently affect the dynamical response of the propulsion system and degrade the performance of a ship. As the vibration forms couples which interact with each other, a better understanding of the coupled vibrations is essential for dynamic prediction to improve the efficiency and reliability of the marine propulsion system. Thus, an investigation of the lumped-mass method for coupled torsional-longitudinal vibrations of the shaft is proposed. First, a theoretical solution for the coupled ordinary differential equations demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed lumped-mass model. This model allows for the bifurcation diagram and the Poincare surface, and transient accelerations of the coupled vibrations are numerically calculated. Furthermore, the impact factors including various length-diameter ratios, coupling stiffness coefficients, and damping coefficients are respectively discussed. These impact factors are found to affect the coupled vibrations to different extents through the comparison of the transient accelerations. Finally, an accurate and applicative lumped-mass method for the coupled torsional-longitudinal vibrations of the marine propulsion shaft has been obtained. An optimal design and vibration reduction of the shaft, considering the above-mentioned impact factors, can be achieved.
A Bright Future for Fluorescence Imaging of Fungi in Living Hosts
Authors: Chapuis Ambre F. , Ballou Elizabeth R. , MacCallum Donna M.
Published: April 2019

Traditional in vivo investigation of fungal infection and new antifungal therapies in mouse models is usually carried out using post mortem methodologies. However, biomedical imaging techniques focusing on non-invasive techniques using bioluminescent and fluorescent proteins have become valuable tools. These new techniques address ethical concerns as they allow reduction in the number of animals required to evaluate new antifungal therapies. They also allow better understanding of the growth and spread of the pathogen during infection. In this review, we concentrate on imaging technologies using different fungal reporter proteins. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these different reporters and compare the efficacy of bioluminescent and fluorescent proteins for fungal research.
Plausible Emergence of Autocatalytic Cycles under Prebiotic Conditions
Authors: Piotto Stefano , Sessa Lucia , Piotto Andrea , Nardiello Anna Maria , Concilio Simona
Published: April 2019

The emergence of life in a prebiotic world is an enormous scientific question of paramount philosophical importance. Even when life (in any sense we can define it) can be observed and replicated in the laboratory, it is only an indication of one possible pathway for life emergence, and is by no means be a demonstration of how life really emerged. The best we can hope for is to indicate plausible chemical–physical conditions and mechanisms that might lead to self-organizing and autopoietic systems. Here we present a stochastic simulation, based on chemical reactions already observed in prebiotic environments, that might help in the design of new experiments. We will show how the definition of simple rules for the synthesis of random peptides may lead to the appearance of networks of autocatalytic cycles and the emergence of memory.
Special Issue of Environment-Friendly Construction Materials
Authors: Wu Shaopeng , Hoff Inge , Amirkhanian Serji , Xiao Yue
Published: April 2019

This special issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of construction materials, from pavement materials to building materials, from material design to structural design, from self-healing to cold recycling, from asphalt mixture to cement concrete.
Colossal Permittivity and Low Dielectric Loss of Thermal Oxidation Single-Crystalline Si Wafers
Authors: Sun Yalong , Wu Di , Liu Kai , Zheng Fengang
Published: April 2019

In this work, thin SiO2 insulating layers were generated on the top and bottom surfaces of single-crystalline silicon plates (n type) by thermal oxidation to obtain an insulator/semiconductor/insulator (ISI) multilayer structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures implied that all of the synthesized SiO2 layers were amorphous. By controlling the thermal oxidation times, we obtained SiO2 layers with various thicknesses. The dielectric properties of silicon plates with different thicknesses of SiO2 layers (different thermal oxidation times) were measured. The dielectric properties of all of the single-crystalline silicon plates improved greatly after thermal oxidation. The dielectric constant of the silicon plates with SiO2 layers was approximately 104, which was approximately three orders more than that of the intrinsic single-crystalline silicon plate (11.9). Furthermore, both high permittivity and low dielectric loss (0.02) were simultaneously achieved in the single-crystalline silicon plates after thermal oxidation (ISI structure).
Shape Memory Epoxy Polymer (SMEP) Composite Mechanical Properties Enhanced by Introducing Graphene Oxide (GO) into the Matrix
Authors: Yu Zhengwei , Wang Zhenqing , Li Hao , Teng Jianxin , Xu Lidan
Published: April 2019

Shape memory epoxy polymer (SMEP) composite specimens with different graphene oxide (GO) contents were manufactured to study the effects of GO mass fractions on epoxy polymer composites. While ensuring the shape memory effect of SMEP, the addition of GO also remarkably strengthened the mechanical performance of the polymers. Analyses of the epoxy polymer composites’ thermal, mechanical, and shape memory performance were conducted through carrying out dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and static tensile, three-point bending, impact, and shape memory tests. Moreover, the tensile fracture, bending fracture, and impact fracture interfaces of epoxy resin composites were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The final test results indicated that when the GO content was 0.8 wt %, SMEP composites had good shape memory performance and optimum thermal and mechanical performance.
Performance Evaluation of Precast Concrete Using Microwave Heating Form
Authors: Choi Hyeonggil , Koh Taehoon , Choi Heesup , Hama Yukio
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the temperature distribution, strength development, porosity, scanning electron microscopy observation, shrinkage, and surface properties of concrete in order to apply microwave heat curing to the precast method and to analyze the CO2 emissions and economic feasibility of microwave heat curing. The heating of a steel form by microwave heating enabled concrete to be efficiently cured at a temperature within a range of ±5 °C. After the curing, demolding strength could be cleared through the densification of the concrete by decreasing the porosity of the concrete. Microwave heat curing exhibited excellent performance compared to conventional steam curing in terms of efficient temperature control, occurrence of cracks due to shrinkage, surface condition of concrete after curing, economic efficiency, and CO2 emissions. However, verification and supplementation based on actual data are necessary so that environments applicable to the various sizes and shapes of forms can be prepared.
Modeling and Testing of the Sandwich Composite Manhole Cover Designed for Pedestrian Networks
Authors: Itu Calin , Cerbu Camelia , Galatanu Teofil-Florin
Published: April 2019

This research concerning the topic, pursues the design, manufacturing, analysis and testing of the manhole cover that may be used in pedestrian networks. Although there are certain commercially available manhole covers made of glass-reinforced composites, there are a few papers published related to the modelling, simulation and mechanical testing of such parts. Herein, the manhole cover is made of the sandwich composite. The novelty of this kind of cover is to use an oriented strand board (OSB) as the core between two sides containing layers, which are reinforced with glass fibers. The OSB core leads to the increase of the stiffness-weight ratio. The paper describes the materials corresponding to the layers of the composite cover, geometry of the cover, technology used to manufacture the bending specimens and cover tested. Specimens made of materials that correspond to each layer of the cover, are tested in bending in order to determine their mechanical properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus). Bending tests and testing of the cover are also described. The composite manhole cover is also analysed by the finite element method to obtain the state of stresses and strains. The strains of the manhole cover are experimentally measured by using the tensometric method. Finally, comparing the strains with the strains experimentally measured validates the numerical simulation model.