bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate sustainability accounting information systems: a contingency-based approach
Authors: Dagiliene Lina , Šutiene Kristina
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the development of sustainability accounting information systems through lens of contingency theory. In this digital age when companies are confronted with massive sets of data, integration of financial and non-financial data, little empirical evidence exists on how sustainability issues are integrated or linked within internal corporate information systems.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire-based survey, hypothesis testing, principal component methods and hierarchical clustering are used to provide original empirical evidence from major Lithuanian companies.

Findings

The main findings reveal that most companies surveyed include a sustainability strategy in their core strategy, but there is a lack of linkage with measuring and integrating sustainability outcomes within the entirety of corporate financial results. Unexpectedly, the association between stakeholders' involvement and sustainability accounting information system design was not as strong as hypothesized theoretically. Therefore, it deserves further investigation, constituting an important implication for future research. Specifically, three profiles of sustainability accounting information systems were explained, namely, integrated, fragmented and compliance systems.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this study relate to the small sample size, as sustainability-related information is still regarded quite confidential.

Practical implications

This result could serve as a specific reference for companies to apply integrated sustainability accounting information systems that might serve as a good practice model for companies, however, fragmented and compliance profiles are the prevailing ones.

Social implications

The findings are important for fostering corporate social responsibility by developing sustainability accounting information systems.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the sustainability accounting and information systems literature by providing empirical evidence linking contingent factors with the development of sustainability accounting information systems.
The growth and development of the cruise sector: a perspective article
Authors: Papathanassis Alexis
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The cruise sector has undergone a significant transformation over the past decades, rendering it amongst the fastest growing tourism segments. Nevertheless, cruise holidays represent a relatively small fraction of the entire tourism sector; and so do their economic impacts and externalities. The cruise business has emerged as a result of technological developments in passenger air-transportation and the resulting decline of passenger-shipping. While the increased visibility and over-exposure of its market and product developments may have enabled the re-invention and growth of the cruise sector, they are also amplifiers for its economic and sustainability risks. The purpose of this paper is to relativise both the potential risks and benefits to contribute to more pragmatism in future destination development investments and policies.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a brief historical analysis of cruising and current trends, a realistic future is painted where the passenger and capacity growth rates of cruise tourism gradually level out.

Findings

Moreover, the cruise business becomes increasingly technologically driven to maintain profitability and establish its position in the wider experience portfolio of holiday consumers.

Originality/value

Traditionally, the relevance argument for cruise tourism research is based on the reported sector's growth rates and corresponding impacts, positive and negative, on destinations. Yet, the mere reproduction of growth rates and passenger numbers in isolation may well foster a misconception and even an overstatement of the cruise sector's significance and role within the wider tourism context. Arguably, the historical analysis and the comparative statistics contained in this paper paint a much-needed realistic picture and contribute to a deeper understanding of the sector's current dynamics.
Nature-based experiences in tree houses: guests’ online reviews
Authors: Brochado Ana
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study aims to examine nature-based tourists’ experiences in tree houses using user-generated content in Web reviews. The research objectives were to identify the main dimensions of tree house experiences and test whether these dimensions vary according to different traveller-type market segments.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 722 Web reviews was analysed using mixed content analysis methods. Leximancer software provided computer-assisted qualitative data analysis that identified the main themes, after which further qualitative analysis identified the key narratives associated with experiences.

Findings

The results reveal that tourists are extremely satisfied with their stays in tree houses. The main themes that encompass the dominant narratives are tree house, Costa Rica, staff, morning, walk, wildlife, rainforest, opportunity to learn, trip, experience and recommendation. The narratives vary according to type of traveller.

Originality/value

The valuable insights gained emphasise the advantages of using user-generated content in tourism studies. The results also offer a better understanding of the key dimensions of this type of nature-based tourism, including a graphic representation of the main themes and concepts in guests’ narratives. In addition, the findings emphasise that nature-based tourists are not a homogeneous group and that they can be segmented according to type of traveller.
Local authority sustainable planning for tourism: lessons from Ireland
Authors: McLoughlin Emmet , Hanrahan James
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Sustainability is an essential word in the vocabulary of modern planning; it is the key principle that underpins the Irish planning process. Yet, despite decades of academic and practical debate on sustainable planning and its application to tourism, there still exist many gaps, especially when it comes to its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight, over a 10-year period, how Local Authorities in Ireland have responded to the increasing tourism arrivals, which is having major implications for tourism planning.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a multi-method approach to determine the level of sustainable planning for tourism as evident from all legally required Local Authority County Development Plans (CDPs) in Ireland.

Findings

While findings have identified a slight increase in the provision for sustainable planning for tourism over the decade, there continues to be poor levels of policy provision in key areas. Despite the responsibilities placed on Local Authorities to sustainably plan for tourism, findings continue to question the ability of Local Authorities in Ireland to plan sustainably for tourism and protect the tourism product.

Originality/value

This research provides the first longitudinal study on the level of sustainable planning for tourism by Local Authorities in Ireland. It provides an assessment of the current state of sustainable planning as evident from CDPs in 2016 compared to the original study of 2006, while developing new knowledge on Local Authority sustainable planning for tourism and the incorporation of tourism indicators.
Oil/fat blending strategy for improving milk fat globule membrane stability and its effect on fatty acid composition
Authors: Ali Fatma , Wang Jianming , Ullah Niamat
Published: May 2019

This study examined the effect of blending with cumin essential oil (CEO) on the stabilisation of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) emulsions, as well as the particle migration rate, fatty acid composition and phospholipid content after pasteurisation. Blending the MFGM with 20% CEO at pH 6.6 (CM4) led to a decrease in the creaming rate. With increasing CEO ratio, the creaming measurements increased to a 30 mm height with 20% CEO at pH 5.5 (CM3) from 25 mm with 10% CEO at pH 5.5 (CM2). The CM4 migration rate was 0.55 mm/h, and this sample showed no significant forward movement during implementation. The droplet size increased with increasing CEO ratio from 1.69 to 2.07 µm. A total of 20% CEO at pH 6.6 (CM4) was the best blending condition for MFGM stabilisation. This study showed enhanced creaming rate and droplet size, indicating greater destabilisation of the MFGM emulsion, when the CEO ratio was increased.
How seed defense and seed abundance predict dispersal and survival patterns in Camellia
Authors: XIAO Zhishu , HUANG Xiaoqun
Published: May 2019

Little is known about how seed defense and seed abundance interact with behavioral responses of seed dispersers to predict dispersal and survival dynamics in animal‐dispersed plants. By tracking the fate of individual seeds in Camellia stands with high and low seed abundance in Southwest China in 2007, we investigated the dispersal and survival of 2 high‐saponin Camellia species (Camellia oleifera and Camellia sinensis and 1 non‐saponin species (peanut Arachis hypogaea) as a control. Saponins in Camellia seeds are chemical compounds that act as seed defense. Our results were most consistent with the predictions based on the predator satiation hypothesis and the plant defense hypothesis. At the abundant Camellia stand (predators and dispersers were satiated), more Camellia seeds survived at the source but fewer were hoarded and survived at cache sites. At the sparse Camellia stand (predators and dispersers were not satiated), no Camellia seeds survived at the source, but more Camellia seeds were hoarded and survived at cache sites. Unlike Camellia seeds, no peanuts survived at the source at both stands, while more peanuts were hoarded and then survived at cache sites in the abundant Camellia stand compared to none at the sparse Camellia stand. In addition, the 2 Camellia species showed similar trends for seed fates across different dispersal stages. Our study indicates that the combined effects of seed abundance and seed defense, compared to their separate effects, provide a more accurate prediction for dispersal and survival patterns in animal‐dispersed Camellia species.
Downhole Microseismic Source Location Based on a Multi‐Dimensional DIRECT Algorithm for Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir Exploration
Authors: YIN Qifeng , TAO Pengfei , ZHENG Shuo , HE Qing , AN Yanfei , GUO Quanshi
Published: May 2019

Downhole microseismic data has the significant advantages of high signal‐to‐noise ratio and well‐developed P and S waves and the core component of microseismic monitoring is microseismic event location associated with hydraulic fracturing in a relatively high confidence level and accuracy. In this study, we present a multidimensional DIRECT inversion method for microseismic locations and applicability tests over modeling data based on a downhole microseismic monitoring system. Synthetic tests inidcate that the objective function of locations can be defined as a multi‐dimensional matrix space by employing the global optimization DIRECT algorithm, because it can be run without the initial value and objective function derivation, and the discretely scattered objective points lead to an expeditious contraction of objective functions in each dimension. This study shows that the DIRECT algorithm can be extensively applied in real downhole microseismic monitoring data from hydraulic fracturing completions. Therefore, the methodology, based on a multidimensional DIRECT algorithm, can provide significant high accuracy and convergent efficiency as well as robust computation for interpretable spatiotemporal microseismic evolution, which is more suitable for real‐time processing of a large amount of downhole microseismic monitoring data.
Controlling Effects of Tight Reservoir Micropore Structures on Seepage Ability: A Case Study of the Upper Paleozoic of the Eastern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: YANG Bo , QU Hongjun , PU Renhai , TIAN Xiahe , YANG Huan , DONG Wenwu , CHEN Yahui
Published: May 2019

In this study, the types of micropores in a reservoir are analyzed using casting thin section (CTS) observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments. The high‐pressure mercury injection (HPMI) and constant‐rate mercury injection (CRMI) experiments are performed to study the micropore structure of the reservoir. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas‐water relative seepage, and gas‐water two‐phase displacement studies are performed to examine the seepage ability and parameters of the reservoir, and further analyses are done to confirm the controlling effects of reservoir micropore structures on seepage ability. The experimental results show that Benxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Shihezi formations in the study area are typical ultra‐low porosity and ultra‐low permeability reservoirs. Owing to compaction and later diagenetic transformation, they contain few primary pores. Secondary pores are the main pore types of reservoirs in the study area. Six main types of secondary pores are: intergranular dissolved pores, intragranular dissolved pores, lithic dissolved pores, intercrystalline dissolved pores, micropores, and microfracture. The results show that reservoirs with small pore‐throat radius, medium displacement pressure, and large differences in pore‐throat structures are present in the study area. The four types of micropore structures observed are: lower displacement pressure and fine pores with medium‐fine throats, low displacement pressure and fine micropores with fine throats, medium displacement pressure and micropores with micro‐fine throats, and high displacement pressure and micropores with micro throats. The micropore structure is complex, and the reservoir seepage ability is poor in the study areas. The movable fluid saturation, range of the gas‐water two‐phase seepage zone, and displacement types are the three parameters that well represent the reservoir seepage ability. According to the characteristic parameters of microscopic pore structure and seepage characteristics, the reservoirs in the study area are classified into four types (I–IV), and types I, II, and III are the main types observed. From type I to type IV, the displacement pressure increases, and the movable fluid saturation and gas‐water two‐phase seepage zone decrease, and the displacement type changes from the reticulation‐uniform displacement to dendritic and snake like.
Parsing out the role of dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) on alcohol‐related phenotypes: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Daurio Allison M. , Deschaine Sara L. , Modabbernia Amirhossein , Leggio Lorenzo
Published: May 2019

Genetics account for moderate variation of individual differences in developing alcohol use disorder (AUD), but it is unclear which genetic variations contribute to AUD risk. One candidate gene investigated due to its association with AUD is the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4), which contains a 48–base pair variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in exon 3 of its coding region. To date, no quantitative synthesis of the published literature on the effects of DRD4 VNTR variation on alcohol‐related phenotypes has been conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were searched for studies that reported on alcohol craving, alcohol consumption, severity of AUD, and case‐control (AUD versus no diagnosis of AUD) studies in DRD4L (seven repeats or more) carriers compared with DRD4S (six repeats or less) homozygotes. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used for all analyses. A pooled sample size of 655 to 13,360 of 28 studies were included. Compared with DRD4S homozygotes, DRD4L carriers had increased number of drinking days (SMD: 0.205; 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.402), binge drinking days (SMD: 0.217; 95% CI: 0.0532 to 0.380), and severity of AUD (SMD: 0.143; 95% CI: 0.028 to 0.259). There was no difference between DRD4 VNTR genotypes on drinks per drinking day, largest number of drinks per day/occasion, and case‐control analysis. It was not possible to conduct a meta‐analysis of the craving data, but a systematic review of this literature found mixed results on DRD4 VNTR genotype effect. The present meta‐analysis suggests DRD4 VNTR variation may be a risk factor for problematic alcohol use. Our findings are limited, however, by the absence of ancestry data from studies included in our analysis, precluding our ability to adjust for population stratification. Due to the likelihood of type I error in candidate gene approaches, our work highlights the critical need for studies with larger and more inclusive samples that account for sex and genetic ancestry to fully understand this relationship.
Perspectives on successful ageing: The views of Chinese older adults living in Australia on what it means to age well
Authors: Hui Chian Teh Jane , Brown Laura J.E. , Bryant Christina
Published: May 2019

Objectives

High immigration has resulted in a culturally diverse ageing population. This study aims to examine the meaning of successful ageing among late‐life immigrants ageing in a new cultural environment.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews focused on the subjective experience of ageing well were conducted with 11 Chinese older adults who had moved to Australia in later life. Interviews were conducted in participants’ native language and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Eleven themes were identified. A collectivist cultural ideal relating to avoiding burden to children underpinned a number of themes, including the importance of good health and financial security. Preferences regarding retaining or relinquishing traditional cultural expectations of dependence on adult children varied between participants, suggesting some postmigration shift in values.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the nuances of ageing from a novel cultural perspective, and highlights the role of postmigration adaptation in cultural values.
Pelvic floor ultrasound findings in Ugandan women with obstetric fistula, unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tear, and pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Krause Hannah G. , Wong Vivien , Ng Shu‐Kay , Tan Gaik Imm , Goh Judith T.W.
Published: May 2019

Background

While pelvic floor ultrasound is commonly utilised in high‐resource locations, our understanding of pelvic floor characteristics in women suffering with obstetric fistula and unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears in low‐resource areas is limited.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the pelvic floor ultrasound characteristics of Ugandan women suffering with obstetric fistula, unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears and pelvic organ prolapse, and determine whether obstructed labour resulting in obstetric fistula causes more levator muscle defects compared to parous women without a history of obstructed labour.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective study in western Uganda assessing 82 women with obstetric fistula, unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears and pelvic organ prolapse with a pelvic floor ultrasound scan.

Results

Demographic characteristics were significantly different, with women suffering pelvic organ prolapse being older and more parous. Hiatal area on Valsalva was significantly smaller in the obstetric fistula group (mean 21.45 cm2) compared to non‐obstetric fistula group (unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears and pelvic organ prolapse; mean 30.44 cm2); a mean difference of 9.0 cm2 (95% CI: 5.4–12.6 cm2, P < 0.001). Overall, levator muscle defects were significantly more common in women with obstetric fistula (66.7%) compared to the non‐obstetric fistula group (44.7%) with P = 0.048; however, there were no significant differences in complete levator muscle defects between obstetric fistula (28.6%) and non‐obstetric fistula (23.7%).

Conclusions

Increased hiatal area on Valsalva was noted in the non‐obstetric fistula group compared to women with obstetric fistula; however, there were no differences in proportions of complete levator muscle defects.
Initiation and early evolution of a forearc basin: Georgia Basin, Canada
Authors: Kent Bryan A. P. , Dashtgard Shahin E. , Huang Chuqiao , MacEachern James A. , Gibson H. Dan , Cathyl‐Huhn Gwyneth
Published: May 2019

The lower Nanaimo Group was deposited in the (forearc) Georgia Basin, Canada and records the basin's initiation and early depositional evolution. Nanaimo Group strata are subdivided into 11 lithostratigraphic units, which are identified based on lithology, paleontology, texture and position relative to both the basal nonconformity and to each other. Significant topography on the basal nonconformity, however, has resulted in assignment of lithostratigraphic units that are not time correlative, and hence, cannot reliably be used to accurately reconstruct basin evolution. Herein, we present a sequence stratigraphic framework for lower Nanaimo Group strata in the Comox Sub‐Basin (northern Georgia Basin) that integrates both facies analysis and maximum depositional ages (MDAs) derived from detrital zircon. This stratigraphic framework is used to define significant sub‐basin‐wide surfaces that bound depositional units and record the evolution of the basin during its early stages of development. Seven distinct depositional phases are identified in the lower 700 m of the lower Nanaimo Group. Depositional phases are separated by marine flooding surfaces, regressive surfaces, or disconformities. The overall stratigraphy reflects net transgression manifested as an upwards transition from braided fluvial conglomerates to marine mudstones. Transgression was interrupted by periods of shoreline progradation, and both facies analysis and MDAs reveal a disconformity in the lowermost part of the Nanaimo Group in the Comox Sub‐Basin. Stratigraphic reconstruction of the Comox Sub‐Basin reveals two dominant depocenters (along depositional strike) for coarse clastics (sandstones and conglomerates) during early development of the Georgia Basin. The development and position of these depocenters is attributed to subduction/tectonism driving both subsidence in the north‐northwest and uplift in the central Comox Sub‐Basin. Our work confirms that in its earliest stages of development, the Georgia Basin evolved from an underfilled, ridged forearc basin that experienced slow and stepwise drowning to a shoal‐water ridged forearc basin that experienced rapid subsidence. We also propose that the Georgia Basin is a reasonable analogue for ridged forearc basins globally, as many ridged forearcs record similar depositional histories during their early evolution.
A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of treating patients with type 2 diabetes and highly elevated HbA1c levels with basal‐bolus insulin or a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist plus basal insulin: The SIMPLE study
Authors: Abreu Marconi , Tumyan Anna , Elhassan Ahmed , Peicher Katherine , Papacostea Olivia , Dimachkie Perihan , Siddiqui Muhammad S. , Pop Laurentiu M. , Gunasekaran Uma , Meneghini Luigi F. , Adams‐Huet Beverley , Li Xilong , Lingvay Ildiko
Published: May 2019

Aim

To compare the efficacy and safety of a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) plus basal insulin versus basal‐bolus insulin treatment in patients with very uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods

The SIMPLE study was a 6‐month pragmatic, randomized, open‐label trial testing the effectiveness of two approaches to treat patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ≥10%. We randomized patients to detemir plus liraglutide or detemir plus aspart (before each meal). The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c; changes in body weight, insulin dose, hypoglycaemia and diabetes‐related quality‐of‐life were secondary outcomes.

Results

We randomized 120 participants aged 47.4 ± 9.5 years, Hispanic 40%, African American 42%, diabetes duration 10 [25th‐75th percentile (6 to 15)] years, body mass index 37.2 ± 10.3 kg/m2. HbA1c decreased more with GLP1RA plus basal insulin [12.2% (95% CI 11.8% to 12.6%) to 8.1% (95% CI 7.4% to 8.7%)] compared with basal‐bolus insulin [11.8% (95% CI 11.5% to 12.2%) to 8.8% (95% CI 88.1% to 9.55%)]; estimated treatment difference (ETD) of −1.1% (95% CI −2.0% to −0.1%) (non‐inferiority margin 0.4% and P = .0001, superiority P = .026). Compared with basal‐bolus insulin, treatment with GLP1RA plus basal insulin led to a body weight ETD of −3.7 kg (95% CI −5.8 to −1.5; P = .001), fewer patients experiencing hypoglycaemia [66.1% vs 35.2% (P = .002)], and greater improvements in general/current health perception, treatment satisfaction, and fear of hypoglycaemia, while taking a lower total daily dose of insulin [estimated treatment ratio 0.68 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.84)].

Conclusions

In patients with HbA1c ≥10% treatment with GLP1RA plus basal insulin, compared with basal‐bolus insulin, resulted in better glycaemic control and body weight, lower insulin dosage and hypoglycaemia, and improved quality of life. This treatment strategy is an effective and safe alternative to a basal‐bolus insulin regimen.
A pre‐specified statistical analysis plan for the VERIFY study: Vildagliptin efficacy in combination with metformin for early treatment of T2DM
Authors: Matthews David R. , Paldánius Päivi M. , Stumvoll Michael , Han Jackie , Bader Giovanni , Chiang YannTong , Proot Pieter , Del Prato Stefano
Published: May 2019

Aims

To ensure the integrity of the planned analyses and maximize the clinical utility of the VERIFY study results by describing the detailed concepts behind its statistical analysis plan (SAP) before completion of data collection and study database lock. The SAP will be adhered to for the final primary data analysis of the VERIFY trial.

Materials and Methods

Vildagliptin efficacy in combination with metformin for early treatment of T2DM (VERIFY) is an ongoing, multicentre, randomized controlled trial aiming to demonstrate the clinical benefits of glycaemic durability and glucose control achieved with an early combination therapy in newly‐diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.

Results

The SAP was initially designed at the study protocol conception phase and later modified, as reported here, in collaboration between the steering committee members, statisticians, and the VERIFY study leadership team. All authors were blinded to treatment allocation. An independent statistician has additionally retrieved and presented unblinded data to the independent data safety monitoring committee. An overview of the trial design with a focus on describing the fine‐tuning of the analysis plan for the primary efficacy endpoint, risk of initial treatment failure, and secondary, exploratory and pre‐specified subgroup analyses is provided here.

Conclusion

According to optimal trial practice, the details of the statistical analysis and data‐handling plan prior to locking the database are reported here. The SAP accords with high‐quality standards of internal validity to minimize analysis bias and will enhance the utility of the reported results for improved outcomes in the management of T2DM.
Signatures of adaptive divergence among populations of an avian species of conservation concern
Authors: Zimmerman Shawna J. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Oh Kevin P. , Cornman Robert S. , Oyler‐McCance Sara J.
Published: May 2019

Understanding the genetic underpinning of adaptive divergence among populations is a key goal of evolutionary biology and conservation. Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a sagebrush obligate species with a constricted range consisting of seven discrete populations, each with distinctly different habitat and climatic conditions. Though geographically close, populations have low levels of natural gene flow resulting in relatively high levels of differentiation. Here, we use 15,033 SNP loci in genomic outlier analyses, genotype–environment association analyses, and gene ontology enrichment tests to examine patterns of putatively adaptive genetic differentiation in an avian species of conservation concern. We found 411 loci within 5 kbp of 289 putative genes associated with biological functions or pathways that were overrepresented in the assemblage of outlier SNPs. The identified gene set was enriched for cytochrome P450 gene family members (CYP4V2, CYP2R1, CYP2C23B, CYP4B1) and could impact metabolism of plant secondary metabolites, a critical challenge for sagebrush obligates. Additionally, the gene set was also enriched with members potentially involved in antiviral response (DEAD box helicase gene family and SETX). Our results provide a first look at local adaption for isolated populations of a single species and suggest adaptive divergence in multiple metabolic and biochemical pathways may be occurring. This information can be useful in managing this species of conservation concern, for example, to identify unique populations to conserve, avoid translocation or release of individuals that may swamp locally adapted genetic diversity, or guide habitat restoration efforts.
Emigration of hatchery‐reared Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson), through a Missouri River dam
Authors: Pierce Landon L. , Shuman Dane A. , James Daniel A. , Steffensen Kirk D. , Wilson Ryan , Winders Kyle , McDaniel Adam
Published: May 2019

The middle Missouri River (MMR; Fort Randall Dam, SD to Gavins Point Dam, NE‐SD) is stocked with hatchery‐reared pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson), from upper Missouri River broodstock to aid recovery of this federally endangered species. Emigration of these fish through Gavins Point Dam restores genetic connectivity that likely existed pre‐impoundment but could lead to outbreeding depression in the future. Recapture data of hatchery‐reared pallid sturgeon stocked in the MMR were evaluated to improve understanding of pallid sturgeon emigration. From 2004 to 2015, 219 emigrants were caught: 4 stocked at age ≥2 years and 215 stocked at age ≤1 year. Emigration of the 2001‐2007 year classes stocked at age 1 was a consistent phenomenon and appeared higher than emigration of year classes stocked at ages 2–3. Little evidence suggested emigration was associated with an unusually high‐water event in 2011. The annual emigration probability of individuals stocked at age 1 estimated from multi‐state mark–recapture models was 0.05 [95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.06] for fish ages ≥1 year. This study suggests that alterations to stocking practices (e.g. stocking age) may affect emigration rates and, therefore, connectivity among pallid sturgeon populations.
Functional training in postmenopause: Cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory parameters, a randomized trial
Authors: Rezende Barbosa Marianne PC , Vanderlei Luiz CM , Neves Lucas M , Takahashi Carolina , Torquato Paula RS , Silva Anne KF , Freitas Júnior Ismael F , Sorpreso Isabel CE , Abreu Luiz C , Pérez‐Riera Andrés R
Published: May 2019

Aim

To evaluate the influence of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women.

Methods

A total of 39 apparently healthy postmenopausal women were randomized into two groups and analyzed: the group that carried out the functional training (FTG; n = 19; age 60 ± 4.5 years; weight 67.64 ± 11.64 kg) for 18 weeks, and the control group (CG) who did not undergo the training (n = 20; age 58.45 ± 4.8 years; weight 66.91 ± 13.24 kg). Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and autonomic modulation trough heart rate variability were evaluated. The Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney test were used to compare the differences (P < 0.05).

Results

The results obtained from the training showed improvement of the following cardiac parameters in the FTG: systolic blood pressure (CG −5.50 ± 12.76 vs FTG −18.36 ± 18.05, P = 0.021), diastolic blood pressure (CG 5.00 ± 20.13 vs FTG −9.47 ± 10.25, P = 0.002), heart rate (CG 7.00 ± 9.79 vs FTG −4.73 ± 8.41, P = 0.000), root mean square of the successive differences index (CG −0.18 ± 5.66 vs FTG 5.10 ± 11.93, P = 0.035) and RR intervals (CG –22.66 ± 75.75 vs FTG 70.17 ± 104.30, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Functional training promoted beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory parameters in postmenopausal women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 823–828.
The movement responses of three libellulid dragonfly species to open and closed landscape cover
Authors: French Sarah K. , McCauley Shannon J.
Published: May 2019

The land cover between habitats (i.e. matrix environment) can affect connectivity by impacting organismal movement. Many animals, however, have preferences for specific matrix environments, which can affect their movement through the landscape.

We examined how different terrestrial matrix environments impacted the fine‐scale movement of adult dragonflies. Based on previous studies of adult dragonfly dispersal and larval distributions, we hypothesised that dragonflies would prefer to enter fields rather than forests and that forests would be a barrier to dragonfly movement, due to forests’ structural complexity, low understory light availability, and lower air temperatures.

To test how adult dragonflies responded to various terrestrial environments, we released 108Leucorrhinia intacta, a mixture of 108Sympetrum rubicundulumandobtrusum/rubicundulumhybrids, and 108Sympetrum vicinum, at field‐forest ecotones and assessed their preferences for fields or forests. Individual behavioural responses were recorded, including their probability of taking flight, their direction of movement with respect to the two matrix types, and flight time.

The likelihood of adult dragonflies taking flight was species‐specific in response to release location. Adults moved more frequently towards fields than forests when released at a forest edge. Individuals released within forests had shorter flight times, but again this response was species‐specific.

The presence of an open matrix (field or meadow) is likely important for facilitating movement in dragonflies; however, forests are not movement barriers for all dragonfly species. Integrating assays of matrix and habitat preferences can provide insight into how landscape connectivity can be maintained for actively dispersing species.
Melasma and thyroid disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kheradmand Motahhareh , Afshari Mahdi , Damiani Giovanni , Abediankenari Saeid , Moosazadeh Mahmood
Published: May 2019

Abstracts

Background

Thyroid hormones may play a key role in melasma; however, melasma link with thyroid disorders remains controversial.

Objectives

To compare the serum levels of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), T4, T3, anti‐thyroid peroxidase (anti‐TPO), and antithyroglobulin between patients with melasma and control group using meta‐analysis.

Methods

We screened 10 databanks and search engines, searched mesh and nonmesh terms. The identified evidences were reviewed and quality assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). The heterogeneity between the primary results was investigated using Cochrane andI‐square indices. Random effect model was applied to combine the standardized mean differences of thyroid function indicators between patients with and without melasma.Pvalues meta‐analysis was used to investigate the association between anti‐TPO and melasma.

Results

We included seven studies, 473 cases, and 379 controls that had been investigated. The total standardized mean differences (95% confidence intervals) of TSH, T3, T4, and antithyroglobulin antibody between cases and controls were estimated to be 0.33 (0.18, 0.47), −0.01 (−0.20, 0.19), −1.50 (−2.96, −0.04), and 0.62 (0.14, 1.11), respectively. The corresponding figures among women were 0.35 (0.17, 0.52), 0.10 (−0.17, 0.38), −2.75 (−6.30, 0.81), and 0.99 (0.14, 1.83), respectively.Pvalue of meta‐analysis showed a significant relationship between anti‐TPO serum level and melasma (Fisher = 26.80,P = 0.020).

Conclusion

Serum levels of TSH, anti‐TPO, and antithyroglobulin antibody were significantly higher in patients with melasma than those without melasma. Moreover, these differences were more severe among women with melasma.
Evaluation of the practice of dose-rounding in paediatrics
Authors: Rashed Asia N , Tomlin Stephen , Arenas-López Sara , Cavell Gillian , Whittlesea Cate
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To investigate the rounding of prescribed drug doses for paediatric administration.

Methods

A cross-sectional medication chart review was conducted at a UK paediatric hospital. Proposed administration dose volumes were calculated for prescribed doses using available manufactured liquids measured with oral and intravenous syringes. Resulting percentage deviations in doses administered were calculated.

Results

Of 2031 doses observed, 524 (25.8%) required rounding. The majority of which were for children aged 1–12 months. Twenty-seven rounded doses deviated from the prescribed dose by more than 10%.

Conclusion

This study highlights the impact of dose-rounding in paediatrics and the need for standardisation.
Vocational education and training in Chinese and German companies in China: a ‘home international’ comparison
Authors: Li Junmin , Wiemann Kristina , Shi Weiping , Wang Yanan , Pilz Matthias
Published: May 2019

China is currently focusing strongly on developing its vocational education and training system, and Germany is an important partner in this process: many German companies operate major manufacturing sites in China and need highly skilled employees. So do German companies in China continue to meet their training needs through the familiar German model of vocational education and training (or a similar model)? Or does their model for training production staff more closely resemble the Chinese model? To date, there have been few research studies in this area. This article aims to fill the gap with a ‘home international’ comparison of the training strategies of Chinese and German companies in China. Theory‐driven semi‐structured interviews were conducted with managers of human resources departments in 11 Chinese companies and 11 subsidiaries of German companies in China. Transcripts of these interviews were then subjected to textual analysis to systematize the findings and extract data. The findings demonstrate both similarities and differences between the Chinese and the German companies, particularly in terms of the links between the national training system, the national labour market and the social setting.
Angiogenesis in bladder tissues is strongly correlated with urinary frequency and bladder pain in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Furuta Akira , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Igarashi Taro , Koike Yusuke , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Yoshimura Naoki
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To examine the correlation among bladder inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis and urothelial denudation in biopsied bladder specimens, and O'Leary‐Sant symptom indexes, O'Leary‐Sant problem indexes and visual analog scale pain scores in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients with or without Hunner lesions (Hunner type interstitial cystitis or non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis).

Methods

Bladder biopsied tissues were collected from 12 Hunner type interstitial cystitis female patients, 12 non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis female patients and 12 age‐matched non‐interstitial cystitis female patients (controls). Immunohistochemical stainings of tissue necrotic factor‐α, mast cell tryptase, vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, transforming growth factor‐β, SLUG associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition and E‐cadherin as well as Masson trichrome staining were evaluated. The significant correlation between the expression of tissue necrotic factor‐α, mast cell tryptase, vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, transforming growth factor‐β, collagen, SLUG or E‐cadherin, and O'Leary‐Sant symptom indexes, O'Leary‐Sant problem indexes or visual analog scale pain scores was then examined.

Results

The expression of tissue necrotic factor‐α, vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, transforming growth factor‐β and SLUG was significantly increased in non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis and Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients compared with controls whereas the significant increases in the expression of mast cell tryptase and collagen were observed in Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients compared with controls and non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients. On the other hand, the expression of E‐cadherin was significantly decreased in Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients compared with controls and non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients. In addition, the increased expression of CD31 in bladder tissues was strongly correlated with O'Leary‐Sant symptom indexes, O'Leary‐Sant problem indexes and visual analog scale pain scores.

Conclusions

These results suggest that bladder angiogenesis evident as the increased expression of CD31 is strongly correlated with urinary frequency and bladder pain in patients with non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis and Hunner type interstitial cystitis.
Gamers, Surfers, Social Media Users: Unpacking the role of interest in English
Authors: Brevik Lisbeth M.
Published: May 2019

Across stages of acquisition, second language (L2) competencies are contingent on the variation among individuals learning the language, in both informal and formal learning contexts. This study investigates a group of outliers whose extreme test scores serve as a foundation to examine them as individuals. The study addresses the outliers' characteristics as good L2 readers but poor first language (L1) readers. Combining quantitative (test results, survey, and language logs) and qualitative (focus groups and interviews) data among 21 adolescents in Norway (aged 16–17 years), the study identifies dimensions of individual language use in L1 Norwegian and L2 English. Findings revealed that they explained their English proficiency by the role of interest and their extensive use of English technology and tools outside school. In‐depth analysis identified three profiles: the Gamer, who spends up to 8 hr daily playing online games while using English mainly; the Surfer, who spends hours on the Internet, searching for authentic language situations, commonly involving English; and the Social Media User, who produces and consumes information in English through social media. Additionally, the Gamers read printed novels voluntarily outside the classroom. This study offers unique perspectives and new directions for future L2 research.
Role of microRNA‐155 in modifying neuroinflammation and γ‐aminobutyric acid transporters in specific central regions after post‐ischaemic seizures
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Wang Luping , Pang Xiaochuan , Zhang Jian , Guan Yi
Published: May 2019

In the central nervous system, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α have a regulatory role in pathophysiological processes of epilepsy. In addition, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter type 1 and type 3 (GAT‐1 and GAT‐3) modulate the levels of extracellular GABA in involvement in the neuroinflammation on epileptogenesis. Thus, in the current report we examined the effects of inhibiting microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) on the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and expression of GAT‐1 and GAT‐3 in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of rats with nonconvulsive seizure (NCS) following cerebral ischaemia. Real time RT‐PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis were used to examine the miR‐155, proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) and GAT‐1/GAT‐3 respectively. With induction of NCS, the levels of miR‐155 were amplified in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala and this was accompanied with increases of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. In those central areas, expression of GAT‐1 and GAT‐3 was upregulated; and GABA was reduced in rats following NCS. Intracerebroventricular infusion of miR‐155 inhibitor attenuated the elevation of PICs, amplification of GAT‐1 and GAT‐3 and impairment of GABA. Furthermore, inhibition of miR‐155 decreased the number of NCS events following cerebral ischaemia. Inhibition of miR‐155 further improved post‐ischaemia‐evoked NCS by altering neuroinflammation‐GABA signal pathways in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Results suggest the role of miR‐155 in regulating post‐ischaemic seizures via PICs‐GABA mechanisms.
Identification and development of long non‐coding RNA‐associated regulatory network in colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Hongda , Pan Jingxin , Song Shibo , Ji Lei , Lv Hong , Yang Zhangru
Published: May 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐associated death globally. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as micro RNA (miRNA) sponges in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and are involved in the regulation of mRNA expression. This study aims to construct a lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network and investigate the prognostic biomarkers in CRC. A total of 38 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 23 DEmiRNAs and 27 DEmRNAs were identified by analysing the expression profiles of CRC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These RNAs were chosen to develop a ceRNA regulatory network of CRC, which comprised 125 edges. Survival analysis showed that four lncRNAs, six miRNAs and five mRNAs were significantly associated with overall survival. A potential regulatory axis of ADAMTS9‐AS2/miR‐32/PHLPP2 was identified from the network. Experimental validation was performed using clinical samples by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), which showed that expression of the genes in the axis was associated with clinicopathological features and the correlation among them perfectly conformed to the ‘ceRNA theory’. Overexpression of ADAMTS9‐AS2 in colon cancer cell lines significantly inhibited the miR‐32 expression and promoted PHLPP2 expression, while ADAMTS9‐AS2 knockdown had the opposite effects. The constructed novel ceRNA network may provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis. The ADAMTS9‐AS2/miR‐32/PHLPP2 regulatory axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and metabolic syndrome in the middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population in Dalian, northeast China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Weldegiorgis Tesfaye Zerfu , Hidru Tesfaldet Habtemariam , Yang Xiao‐lei , Xia Yun‐long , Ma Li , Li Hui‐Hua
Published: May 2019

Aims/Introduction

To investigate the association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐[OH]D) concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population.

Methods

The present study included 2,764 participants (aged >50 years). The joint interim statement was used for the standard definition of MetS. Serum 25‐(OH)D concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The study participants were categorized into quartiles based on serum 25‐(OH)D concentrations, and the quartiles were calculated for the differences using anova and the χ2‐test for continuous and categorical data, respectively. A logistic regression analysis model was applied to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each quartile of serum 25‐(OH)D concentrations compared with the highest quartile.

Results

Serum 25‐(OH)D levels were markedly lower in men in the MetS group than in those without MetS. We observed a negative correlation between the higher quartiles of serum 25‐(OH)D levels and the presence of MetS among men. The correlation between serum 25‐(OH)D levels and the prevalence of MetS persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, cigarette smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, low‐density lipoprotein, creatinine and total serum cholesterol. Adjusted odds ratios of MetS in the second through fourth compared with the lowest quartile for serum 25‐(OH)D levels were 0.93 (95% CI 0.54–1.59), 0.89 (95% CI 0.50–1.56) and 0.48 (95% CI 0.28–0.84), respectively.

Conclusions

Decreased serum 25‐(OH)D level is significantly correlated with MetS in middle‐aged men.