bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity-specific association between TERT rs2736100 (A > C) polymorphism and lung cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaozheng , Huang Gao , Li Wen , Chen Yunzhi
Published: August 2023

The rs2736100 (A > C) polymorphism of the second intron of Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has been confirmed to be closely associated with the risk of Lung cancer (LC), but there is still no unified conclusion on the results of its association with LC. This study included Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and case–control studies reported so far on this association between TERT rs2736100 polymorphism and LC to clarify such a correlation with LC and the differences in it between different ethnicities and different types of LC. Relevant literatures published before May 7, 2022 on ‘TERT rs2736100 polymorphism and LC susceptibility’ in PubMed, EMbase, CENTRAL, MEDLINE databases were searched through the Internet, and data were extracted. Statistical analysis of data was performed in Revman5.3 software, including drawing forest diagrams, drawing funnel diagrams and so on. Sensitivity and publication bias analysis were performed in Stata 12.0 software. The C allele of TERT rs2736100 was associated with the risk of LC (Overall population: [OR] = 1.21, 95%CI [1.17, 1.25]; Caucasians: [OR] = 1.11, 95%CI [1.06, 1.17]; Asians: [OR] = 1.26, 95%CI [1.21, 1.30]), and Asians had a higher risk of LC than Caucasians (C vs. A: Caucasians: [OR] = 1.11 /Asians: [OR]) = 1.26). The other gene models also showed similar results. The results of stratified analysis of LC patients showed that the C allele was associated with the risk of Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and the risk of NSCLC and LUAD in Asians was higher than that in Caucasians. The C allele was associated with the risk of Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and Small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC) in Asians but not in Caucasians. NSCLC patients ([OR] = 1.27) had a stronger correlation than SCLC patients ([OR] = 1.03), and LUAD patients ([OR] = 1.32) had a stronger correlation than LUSC patients ([OR] = 1.09).In addition, the C allele of TERT rs2736100 was associated with the risk of LC, NSCLC and LUAD in both smoking groups and non-smoking groups, and the risk of LC in non-smokers of different ethnic groups was higher than that in smokers. In the Asians, non-smoking women were more at risk of developing LUAD. The C allele of TERT rs2736100 is a risk factor for LC, NSCLC, and LUAD in different ethnic groups, and the Asian population is at a more common risk. The C allele is a risk factor for LUSC and SCLC in Asians but not in Caucasians. And smoking is not the most critical factor that causes variation in TERT rs2736100 to increase the risk of most LC (NSCLC, LUAD). Therefore, LC is a multi-etiological disease caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors.
Attentional factorization machine with review-based user–item interaction for recommendation
Authors: Li Zheng , Jin Di , Yuan Ke
Published: August 2023

In recommender systems, user reviews on items contain rich semantic information, which can express users’ preferences and item features. However, existing review-based recommendation methods either use the static word vector model or cannot effectively extract long sequence features in reviews, resulting in the limited ability of user feature expression. Furthermore, the impact of different or useless feature interactions between users and items on recommendation performance is ignored. Therefore, we propose an attentional factorization machine with review-based user–item interaction for recommendation (AFMRUI), which first leverages RoBERTa to obtain the embedding feature of each user/item review, and combines bidirectional gated recurrent units with attention network to highlight more useful information in both user and item reviews. Then we adopt AFM to learn user–item feature interactions to distinguish the importance of different user–item feature interactions and further to obtain more accurate rating prediction, so as to promote recommendation. Finally, we conducted performance evaluation on five real-world datasets. Experimental results on five datasets demonstrated that the proposed AFMRUI outperformed the state-of-the-art review-based methods regarding two commonly used evaluation metrics.
Ceftazidime-assisted synthesis of ultrasmall chitosan nanoparticles for biofilm penetration and eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zheng Xiaoran , Gao Min , Wu Liangquan , Lu Xin , Lin Qiuqi , Zhong Hai , Lu Yingfei , Zhang Yunlei , Zhang Xiuwei
Published: August 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections present a grave threat to immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cystic fibrosis due to the development of bacterial biofilms. In this study, we engineered self-assembling chitosan-ceftazidime nanoparticles (CSCE) capable of effectively penetrating biofilms and eradicating P. aeruginosa. The CSCE nanoparticles were synthesized through ionic cross-linking, combining negatively charged ceftazidime with positively charged chitosan, resulting in uniform nanoparticles measuring approximately 40 nm in diameter, exhibiting high dispersity and excellent biocompatibility. Remarkably, these nanoparticles exhibited significant inhibition of P. aeruginosa growth, reduced pyocyanin production, and diminished biofilm formation, achieving a maximum inhibition rate of 22.44%. Furthermore, in vivo investigations demonstrated enhanced survival in mice with abdominal P. aeruginosa infection following treatment with CSCE nanoparticles, accompanied by reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (125.79 ± 18.63 pg/mL), Interleukin-17 (125.67 ± 5.94 pg/mL), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (135.4 ± 11.77 pg/mL). Critically, mice treated with CSCE nanoparticles showed no presence of bacteria in the bloodstream following intraperitoneal P. aeruginosa infection. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of these synthesized nanoparticles as effective agents against P. aeruginosa infections.
Persistence of pathogens and bacterial community dynamics in tropical soil after application of raw sewage
Authors: Marques Marcus Vinícius Araújo , Lopes Bruna Coelho , Silvério Thiago Henrique Ribeiro , von Sperling Marcos , Neves Thiago de Alencar
Published: August 2023

The objective of this work was to evaluate the persistence of faecal indicators and pathogenic organisms (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and viable helminth eggs) and the structure/diversity of bacterial communities in soil receiving raw sewage (RS) for an extended period of application (3 uninterrupted years). In the experimental design, three treatments were defined: (1) Control soil, characterized by the analysis of a composite sample collected in an area of similar soil, but not a recipient of RS (TSC); (2) Soil receiving conventional mineral fertilization, and furrow irrigation with supply water (TW); and (3) Fertirrigated soil with RS applied by furrows (TF). The results of persistence of pathogenic organisms and indicators in TF indicated a sanitary quality similar to the control soil (TSC), thus potentially bringing low risks of contamination with pathogens present in the soil. The presence of viable helminth eggs was not identified in any treatment studied, because of its low concentration in the raw sewage of the studied system. The TW, TF and TSC treatments had 34.8% of bacterial diversity in common. The bacterial composition of the soil showed a predominance of the Proteobacteria phylum in all treatments studied; however, TF was the one with the highest relative abundance of this phylum (44.8%).
Biosynthesis of ansamitocin P-3 incurs stress on the producing strain Actinosynnema pretiosum at multiple targets
Authors: Huang Qungang , Zhang Xin , Guo Ziyue , Fu Xinnan , Zhao Yilei , Kang Qianjin , Bai Linquan
Published: August 2023

Microbial bioactive natural products mediate ecologically beneficial functions to the producing strains, and have been widely used in clinic and agriculture with clearly defined targets and underlying mechanisms. However, the physiological effects of their biosynthesis on the producing strains remain largely unknown. The antitumor ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum ATCC 31280, was found to repress the growth of the producing strain at high concentration and target the FtsZ protein involved in cell division. Previous work suggested the presence of additional cryptic targets of AP-3 in ATCC 31280. Herein we use chemoproteomic approach with an AP-3-derived photoaffinity probe to profile the proteome-wide interactions of AP-3. AP-3 exhibits specific bindings to the seemingly unrelated deoxythymidine diphosphate glucose-4,6-dehydratase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase, which are involved in cell wall assembly, central carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis, respectively. AP-3 functions as a non-competitive inhibitor of all three above target proteins, generating physiological stress on the producing strain through interfering diverse metabolic pathways. Overexpression of these target proteins increases strain biomass and markedly boosts AP-3 titers. This finding demonstrates that identification and engineering of cryptic targets of bioactive natural products can lead to in-depth understanding of microbial physiology and improved product titers.
Constrained optimization via quantum Zeno dynamics
Authors: Herman Dylan , Shaydulin Ruslan , Sun Yue , Chakrabarti Shouvanik , Hu Shaohan , Minssen Pierre , Rattew Arthur , Yalovetzky Romina , Pistoia Marco
Published: August 2023

Constrained optimization problems are ubiquitous in science and industry. Quantum algorithms have shown promise in solving optimization problems, yet none of the current algorithms can effectively handle arbitrary constraints. We introduce a technique that uses quantum Zeno dynamics to solve optimization problems with multiple arbitrary constraints, including inequalities. We show that the dynamics of quantum optimization can be efficiently restricted to the in-constraint subspace on a fault-tolerant quantum computer via repeated projective measurements, requiring only a small number of auxiliary qubits and no post-selection. Our technique has broad applicability, which we demonstrate by incorporating it into the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and variational quantum circuits for optimization. We evaluate our method numerically on portfolio optimization problems with multiple realistic constraints and observe better solution quality and higher in-constraint probability than state-of-the-art techniques. We implement a proof-of-concept demonstration of our method on the Quantinuum H1-2 quantum processor.
Direct observation of Néel-type skyrmions and domain walls in a ferrimagnetic DyCo3 thin film
Authors: Luo Chen , Chen Kai , Ukleev Victor , Wintz Sebastian , Weigand Markus , Abrudan Radu-Marius , Prokeš Karel , Radu Florin
Published: August 2023

Isolated magnetic skyrmions are stable, topologically protected spin textures that are at the forefront of research interests today due to their potential applications in information technology. A distinct class of skyrmion hosts are rare earth - transition metal (RE-TM) ferrimagnetic materials. To date, the nature and the control of basic traits of skyrmions in these materials are not fully understood. We show that for an archetypal ferrimagnetic material DyCo3 that exhibits a strong perpendicular anisotropy, the ferrimagnetic skyrmion size can be tuned by an external magnetic field. Moreover, by taking advantage of the high spatial resolution of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and utilizing a large x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) contrast that occurs naturally at the RE resonant edges, we resolve the nature of the magnetic domain walls of ferrimagnetic skyrmions. We demonstrate that through this method one can easily discriminate between Bloch and Néel type domain walls for each individual skyrmion. For all isolated ferrimagnetic skyrmions, we observe that the domain walls are of Néel-type. This key information is corroborated with results of micromagnetic simulations and allows us to conclude on the nature of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) which concurs to the stabilisation of skyrmions in this ferrimagnetic system. Establishing that an intrinsic DMI occurs in RE-TM materials will also be beneficial towards a deeper understanding of chiral spin texture control in ferrimagnetic materials.
Geochemical constraints on bacteriophage infectivity in terrestrial environments
Authors: Carlson Hans K , Piya Denish , Moore Madeline L , Magar Roniya T , Elisabeth Nathalie H , Deutschbauer Adam M , Arkin Adam P , Mutalik Vivek K
Published: August 2023

Lytic phages can be potent and selective inhibitors of microbial growth and can have profound impacts on microbiome composition and function. However, there is uncertainty about the biogeochemical conditions under which phage predation modulates microbial ecosystem function, particularly in terrestrial systems. Ionic strength is critical for infection of bacteria by many phages, but quantitative data is limited on the ion thresholds for phage infection that can be compared with environmental ion concentrations. Similarly, while carbon composition varies in the environment, we do not know how this variability influences the impact of phage predation on microbiome function. Here, we measured the half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 80 different inorganic ions for the infection of E. coli with two canonical dsDNA and ssRNA phages, T4 and MS2, respectively. Many alkaline earth metals and alkali metals enabled lytic infection but the ionic strength thresholds varied for different ions between phages. Additionally, using a freshwater nitrate-reducing microbiome, we found that the ability of lytic phages to influence nitrate reduction end-products depended upon the carbon source as well as ionic strength. For all phage:host pairs, the ion EC50s for phage infection exceeded the ion concentrations found in many terrestrial freshwater systems. Thus, our findings support a model where phages most influence terrestrial microbial functional ecology in hot spots and hot moments such as metazoan guts, drought influenced soils, or biofilms where ion concentration is locally or transiently elevated and nutrients are available to support the growth of specific phage hosts.
MMP-responsive nanomaterials
Authors: Son Jiye , Parveen Sadiyah , MacPherson Douglas , Marciano Yaron , Huang Richard H. , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: August 2023

MMP-responsive nanomaterials can be used to control and amplify the spatial and temporal effects of anti-cancer treatments. This review focuses on the design strategies that can regulate and optimize enzyme specificity, access, and response.
Positive efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MH-301 as a postoperative adjunct to endoscopic sclerotherapy for internal hemorrhoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Kaige , Liu Hui , Liu Peng , Feng Qi , Gan Lihong , Yao Ling , Huang Gen , Fang Ziling , Chen Tingtao , Fang Nian
Published: August 2023

Endoscopic sclerotherapy is a widely used minimally invasive procedure for internal hemorrhoids, yet postoperative symptoms remain a concern.
Dual roles of nanocrystalline cellulose extracted from jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) leaves in resisting antibiotics and protecting probiotics
Authors: Deng Yanchun , Pan Jiangpeng , Yang Xiai , Yang Sa , Chi Haiyang , Yang Xiushi , Qu Xiaoxin , Sun Shitao , You Linfeng , Hou Chunsheng
Published: August 2023

Antibiotics can cure diseases caused by bacterial infections, but their widespread use can have some side effects, such as probiotic reduction.
Synergistic photothermal conversion and photocatalysis in 2D/2D MXene/Bi2S3 hybrids for efficient solar-driven water purification
Authors: Liu Yang , Qu Shu-Zhou , Zhou Ze-Run , Song Xiang-Ping , Ma Liang , Ding Si-Jing , Wang Qu-Quan
Published: August 2023

Ti3C2Tx/Bi2S3 hybrids with excellent photothermal conversion and photothermal-assisted photocatalytic performance were prepared for solar-driven water purification via the combination of water evaporation and photocatalytic degradation.
A physics rule to design aperiodic width-modulated waveguides for minimum phonon transmission with Bayesian optimization
Authors: Stefanou Antonios-Dimitrios , Zianni Xanthippi
Published: August 2023

Optimal aperiodicity that minimizes thermal conduction is of maximum disorder in the modulation profile of width-modulated nano-waveguides. The degree of disorder is quantified by the number of non-identical modulation units.
Sustainable ammonia synthesis from air by the integration of plasma and electrocatalysis techniques
Authors: Ding Jun , Li Wenyi , Chen Qingqing , Liu Jiafang , Tang Shu , Wang Zhiwei , Chen Longwei , Zhang Haimin
Published: August 2023

A plasma-electrocatalysis integrated strategy, which decouples N2 fixation into two steps with NO2− as an intermediary, is reported to be effective for realizing high NH3 production.
Making one VIV substitution for Mo on classical [MoV2O4]2+ group: the first heterobimetallic Mo–V subunit in polyoxomolybdate–bisphosphonate family
Authors: Ren Xiangyu , Chen Baokuan , Zhang Gang , Bi Yanfeng , Dai Lingling , Yang Guoping
Published: August 2023

The first molybdovanadate cluster modified by bisphosphonate ligand with a new [MoVVIVO4] building unit is successfully synthesized. The VO bonds in this compound are demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the deep oxidation of dibenzothiophene.
Bifunctional metal-free porous polyimide networks for CO2 capture and conversion
Authors: Narzary Basiram Brahma , Karatayeva Ulzhalgas , Mintah Jerry , Villeda-Hernandez Marcos , Faul Charl F. J.
Published: August 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion into valuable chemicals is a promising and sustainable way to mitigate the adverse effects of anthropogenic CO2 and climate change.
AIE macrocyclic molecule-based assembled materials with opposite solvent-responsive properties
Authors: Pan Qing He , Liu Yuan Yuan , Li Yuan Yuan , Zhang Xin , Peng Qiu Chen , Li Ya Jing , Li Kai
Published: August 2023

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen-based assembled materials usually exhibit excellent luminescence properties and have attracted widespread attention in chemical sensing, bioimaging, illuminated displays, etc.
An unusual four-step cascade reaction for accessing furo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,4-dionesviarhodium catalysis
Authors: Li Yidi , Xu Huiying , Zhou Zhi , Huang Lin , Tang Zhenhao , Yi Wei , Wu Xiaowei
Published: August 2023

In this work, we report a rare four-step tandem reaction between acrylamides and 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoates to prepare novel furo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,4-diones.
A photochemical halogen-atom-transfer pathway for the carboxylation of alkenes with CO2
Authors: Zhai Senmao , Wang Rong , Dong Quan , Cheng Jiajia , Zheng Meifang , Wang Xinchen
Published: August 2023

A synergic photocatalysis/halogen-atom-transfer strategy offers a mild, sustainable, and practical method for the carboalkylation of electron-deficient alkenes using CO2 as the C1 source and commercially available alkyl iodides as building blocks.
An iron-catalyzed C–S bond-forming reaction of carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons via photo-induced ligand to metal charge transfer
Authors: Hu Ao-Men , Tu Jia-Lin , Luo Mengqi , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Xia Wujiong
Published: August 2023

A photo-induced iron-catalyzed strategy that facilitates the transformation of carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons into thioethers and sulfoxides is herein reported.
Mononuclear nickel(ii)–flavonolate complexes of tetradentate tripodal 4N ligands as structural and functional models for quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase: structures, spectra, redox and dioxygenase activity
Authors: Ajaykamal Tamilarasan , Palaniandavar Mallayan
Published: August 2023

Ni(ii) π-back bonds with CO of flavonolate (fla−) and enolate of fla− σ-bonds with Ni(ii) synergistically. π-Delocalization in fla− activates it to release CO.
2,3-Diarylmaleate salts as a versatile class of diarylethenes with a full spectrum of photoactivity in water
Authors: Bolotova Iumzhana A. , Ustyuzhanin Alexander O. , Sergeeva Ekaterina S. , Faizdrakhmanova Anna A. , Hai Yu , Stepanov Andrey V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , You Lei , Lvov Andrey G.
Published: August 2023

Potassium 2,3-diarylmaleates feature a full spectrum of photoactivity of diarylethenes in water, including irreversible oxidative cyclization and rearrangement as well as reversible photocyclization (switching).
Reductive photoredox transformations of carbonyl derivatives enabled by strongly reducing photosensitizers
Authors: Dang Vinh Q. , Teets Thomas S.
Published: August 2023

A strongly photoreducing iridium photosensitizer enables diverse, additive-free reductive photoredox transformations on challenging ketone and imine substrates.
“Freedom of design” in chemical compound space: towards rationalin silicodesign of molecules with targeted quantum-mechanical properties
Authors: Medrano Sandonas Leonardo , Hoja Johannes , Ernst Brian G. , Vázquez-Mayagoitia Álvaro , DiStasio Robert A. , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: August 2023

This work demonstrates that “freedom of design” is a fundamental and emergent property of chemical compound space. Such intrinsic flexibility enables rational design of distinct molecules sharing an array of targeted quantum-mechanical properties.
Rapid and simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A using vertical flow assay based on AAO and SERS nanotags
Authors: Lu Yu , Fei Ruihua , Zhang Jiahe , Zhu Geng , Mo Xiufang , Wan Yu , Huang Yan , Sun Qingjiang , Meng Dianhuai , Zhao Xiangwei
Published: August 2023

A highly sensitive SERS-VFA sensor was developed to determine SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A infection simultaneously, especially during co-pandemics.
PEDOT:PSS materials for optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and flexible and stretchable electronics
Authors: Fan Xi , Stott Nathan E. , Zeng Jixi , Li Yunfei , Ouyang Jianyong , Chu Liang , Song Weijie
Published: August 2023

Cutting-edge approaches to prepare PEDOT:PSS films/electrodes, significant progress on related devices are summarized; advantages, plausible questions, challenges, and suggestions are also presented for the continued development of modern electronics.
Lithium-ion storage mechanism in closed pore-rich hard carbon with ultrahigh extra plateau capacity
Authors: Tai Chen-Wei , Jao Wen-Yang , Tseng Liang-Chieh , Wang Ping-Chieh , Tu An-Pang , Hu Chi-Chang
Published: August 2023

A closed pore-rich hard carbon is fabricated from mildly cured phenolic-formaldehyde resin. It can deliver a high capacity of 550 mAh g−1, including a low-voltage plateau capacity of 230 mAh g−1 from lithium-ion insertion in closed ultramicropores.
Supramolecular reinforcement drastically enhances thermal conductivity of interpenetrated covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Thakur Sandip , Giri Ashutosh
Published: August 2023

Interpenetration of covalent organic frameworks can lead to drastic enhancements in their thermal conductivities, thus marking a novel regime of materials design combining high porosities with mechanical flexibilities and high thermal conductivities.
Achieving near-infrared electroluminescence around 780 nm based on butterfly-shaped dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Yu Junting , Yang Xiaoqin , Chen Jun , Liu Denghui , Cao Liqin , Tan Hua , Zhu Weiguo
Published: August 2023

An effective method to build high efficiency long wavelength emission NIR phosphors using butterfly-shaped dinuclear platinum complexes by cyanidation.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Design for Individuals With Cortical Visual Impairment
Authors: Wilkinson Krista M. , Elko Lynn R. , Elko Emma , McCarty Tara V. , Sowers Dawn J. , Blackstone Sarah , Roman-Lantzy Christine
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

This article highlights the contributions of three pillars of an evidence-based practice approach (service providers, researchers, and families/clients) in the development of a framework to offer a way forward for professionals, families, and technology companies to support optimal visual and communication outcomes of individuals with cortical visual impairment (CVI) who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). By providing available research findings as well as practical information and lived experiences, the article offers clinical considerations and design features that can lead to addressing the unique needs of these individuals.

Method:

This article reviews literature concerning what is known about CVI and describes in detail and from multiple viewpoints important features required in AAC systems to support individuals with CVI and enable them to communicate effectively.

Results:

Components necessary for teams, communication partners, and AAC designers to optimize AAC system design in CVI are presented using external research evidence as internal evidence from lived experience to support their importance.

Conclusions:

An AAC system design that is tailored to the unique visual processing characteristics in CVI is likely to promote positive communication outcomes. The presentation of the lived experience of an individual who has CVI themselves illustrates the need for individualized assessments and interventions that incorporate and reflect the research presented here.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23902239
A novel approach to measuring pore fluid sediment concentrations of debris flows in a volcanic torrent
Authors: Miyata Shusuke , Nonaka Michinobu , Kubo Seiki , Fukunaga Kenshi , Ando Shohei , Fujita Masaharu
Published: August 2023

Pore fluid in a debris flow is not fully understood, despite its contribution to the fluidity of the debris flow. To observe sediment concentrations of the pore fluids in debris flows, we established a novel monitoring system in a volcanic catchment, in southern Japan. An observation culvert, 1.0 m in width, 1.5 m in height and 2.0 m in length, was placed along the stream bank. An intake covered by a grating was equipped on the side of the culvert so that only pore fluid of debris flows was led inside. Measurements of dielectric permittivities were conducted within the culvert and used for the calculation of sediment concentrations of the fluid. The sediment concentrations of the pore fluid were successfully measured for natural debris flows. The preliminary observation revealed that the volumetric sediment concentration of pore fluid varied from approximately 5 to 69 %, which were slightly smaller or similar to those of the entire debris flows. Successive occurrences of debris flow caused decreases in the sediment concentration of the pore fluids with each surge.
Analysis on the dynamic characteristics of debris flow in Jiangjia Ravine, China
Authors: Song Dongri
Published: August 2023

Dynamic characteristics determine the mobility of debris flow and are also key to hazard risk assessment. However, the dynamic process of natural debris flow is very complex. Based on the systematic analysis of the field observation data of 93 debris-flow events at Jiangjia Ravine (Yunnan, China), this study attempts to investigate the dynamic mechanisms and sources of flow resistance of debris flow. The Jiangjia Ravine debris flows are almost completely liquefied, indicating that grain contact friction plays a negligible role. Flow regime analysis shows that the flow regimes of the Jiangjia Ravine debris flows varie from viscous to inertial. The fluid viscous effect and particle collisions may be the main sources of flow resistance.
Quantifying lateral bedrock erosion caused during a hyperconcentrated flow in a narrow alpine limestone gorge
Authors: Stammberger Verena , Krautblatter Michael
Published: August 2023

Here, we show results of an unprecedented LiDAR dataset quantitatively determining the lateral bedrock erosion of a narrow limestone gorge during an extreme hyperconcentrated flow. The comparison of two point clouds prior and post to the June 15th hyperconcentrated flow event provide information about the massive breakout of particles and abrasion of the channel walls. With a multiscale model to model cloud comparison analysis, we can show that particles from 0.0001 m3 and 3.5 m3 were eroded from the subvertical limestone gorge walls. A total of 20.9 m3 of massive bedrock was eroded in the observable part of the channel with 90 % of the particles being smaller than 0.15 m3. We delimited two main erosion processes during the hyperconcentrated flow event: shearing of particles that reach into the flow and particles with predefined failure surfaces, and abrasion along the whole channel, detectable by LiDAR if the changes are > 3 cm. This study provides quantitative evidence for massive rock erosion processes in alpine gorges that could also control rock gorge formation and evolution over Holocene/Lateglacial time scales.
Impact force of post-fire debris flows over erodible beds
Authors: Zheng Min , Liu Haiming , Poudyal Sunil , Ng Charles W. W.
Published: August 2023

After wildfire events, water repellent soil is often found in the subsurface layer of channel bed in the burnt area. Debris flows generated from burnt basins and ensuing entrainment of the channel bed pose imminent threat to infrastructure and human lives. However, the fundamental interaction mechanisms of debris flow overriding water repellent bed and resulting impact force on debris-resisting barriers have yet to be elucidated. In this study, physical flume experiments are conducted to simulate post-fire debris flows overriding and entraining a sand bed with varied wettability. Compared to a wettable bed, water repellent sediment exhibits a tremendous increase in the erosion depth and subsequent impact force on the barrier. The test results demonstrate that debris flows overriding water repellent sediment can be particularly hazardous and the effects of water repellency need to be captured by the design criteria of debris resisting barriers in burnt basins.
Experiments on and numerical calculations of debris flows passing through narrowed and widened channel regions
Authors: Takahama Jun’ichiro , Shintani Kouhei
Published: August 2023

We clarified the dynamics of debris flows in areas wherein the topography changes abruptly. First, the dynamics of debris flow through a constriction were investigated by experimentally generating non-uniform flow conditions. Then, numerical calculations were performed using an erosion/deposition rate equation that considers the pressure gradient in a constriction, and compared with the experimental data.
The July 2015 Debris flow in Barsem, Western Pamir (GBAO) Tajikistan: Description and causes
Authors: Zafar Avzalshoev , Uchimura Taro
Published: August 2023

Tajikistan is a landlocked country in the Central Asia republics of the former Soviet Union. Tajikistan is prone to many natural disasters. Most commonly in Tajikistan, mudflows occur in the South and North parts of the country. The 2015 Barsem mudflow caused significant damage to the entire village, a territory of the Western Pamir Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO), Tajikistan; fortunately, no human casualties. The total volume of debris flow is about 4.9 million m3. Typically, precipitation above 15-20mm per day in arid areas causes mudflow. Accumulated water during the intensive melting of the glacier and snowfields was saturated with water by the moraine sediment blocking its paths (which served as a dam for the lake that formed). Several studies indicate that mudflow triggers excess pore pressure or liquefaction of the soil; consequently, sudden and high shear resistance losses eventually generate a mudflow [5][6]. Although mudflows and landslides occur annually, after the 2015 Barsem mudflow, it becomes clear that the intensity and frequency of new events are increasing. Consequently, the author strongly believes establishing and implementing an early warning system can be essential.
A model-based early warning system for runoff-generated debris-flow occurrence: Preliminary results
Authors: Cazorzi Federico , Barbini Matteo , Beinat Alberto , Bernard Martino , Boreggio Mauro , Cesca Matteo , Cucchiaro Sara , Dainese Roberta , De Luca Alberto , Demmler Christian , Gregoretti Carlo , Hagen Karl , Lechner Veronika , Maset Eleonora , Neuhauser Michael , Nicolosi Paolo , Zingerle Christoph
Published: August 2023

Early warning systems for debris flows are low cost measures for mitigating this kind of hazard. The early warning systems provide a timely alert for upcoming events in order to take protective measures, such as closing railways-roads, evacuating people from the threatened areas, and put rescue forces into readiness. These systems usually are sensor-based, and the alert time is the interval between the timing of the first detachment of debris flow by a sensor and its arrival into the threatened area. At the purpose of increasing the alert time, we propose an early warning system based on a model-cascade: nowcasting, hydrological- and triggering models. Nowcasting anticipates rainfall pattern that is transformed into runoff by the hydrological model. The triggering model estimates the volume of sediments that the runoff can entrain, and compares it with a critical threshold. If this is exceeded the alert is launched. The proposed early warning system is tested against the available data of the Rovina di Cancia (Northeast Italy) site.
Monitoring and modelling of debris-flow erosion in the Rebaixader catchment (Pyrenees, Spain)
Authors: Hürlimann Marcel , Medina Vicente , Ruiz-Carulla Roger , Molano Laura , Moya José
Published: August 2023

Debris flow and other torrential processes can entrain large volumes of sediments along their runout path. Since the debris-flow hazard strongly depends on the volume, the research on the entrainment is relevant and has been analysed by multiple approaches in the past. In this study, the erosion volume due to torrential processes has been monitored in the Rebaixader catchment (Spain) by digital elevation models obtained from Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys and by the instrumental monitoring system installed in the channel reach. In addition, the entrainment of debris flows has been modelled by the numerical code FLATModel. The results of both approaches show that debris flows in the studied catchment are characterised by a large entrainment and the assumption of landslide-triggered debris flows has been refuted. Important erosion in the gullies of the initiation area has been detected by the UAV data and the numerical modelling. An average annual erosion volume of about 6100 m3/y has been determined.
Study of debris flow peak discharge at Kamikamihorizawa Creek
Authors: Ikeda Akihiko , Itoh Takahiro , Mizuyama Takahisa
Published: August 2023

Prediction of the peak discharge of debris flow is one of the most important factors in mitigating debris flow disasters. Currently, empirical methods based on the relationship between the peak discharge and total debris flow volume (magnitude) for many debris flow events are used to estimate peak discharge for planning or designing debris flow countermeasures in Japan. In order to estimate the peak discharge of debris flow with high accuracy, the debris flow monitoring sensors with load cell and pressure sensor (hereafter referred to as a DFLP system), was installed to evaluate various characteristics during floods involving debris flows at Kamikamihorizawa Creek. During the debris flow that occurred on August 29, 2019 at Kamikamihorizawa Creek, seven surges corresponding to debris flow events were monitored by the DFLP system for a 20-minute period. Based on the relationship between the peak discharge and magnitude, the observation data of Kamikamihorizawa Creek, Illgraben and Schipfenbach has been added to previous data from the literature and the relationship has been updated. The peak discharge and magnitude of debris flow on August 29, 2019 at Kamikamihorizawa Creek exhibited distributions similar to past observation data, which shows that the relationship between peak discharge and magnitude follows a similar trend.
Long-term monitoring of sediment runoff for an active sediment control in Joganji River
Authors: Miwa Kenji , Mikami Koso , Nagayama Takahiko , Furuya Tomohiko , Hayashi Seiya , Fujita Masaharu , Miyata Syusuke , Satofuka Yoshifumi , Mizuyama Takahisa , Miyamoto Kuniaki , Ikeda Akihiko , Itoh Takahiro
Published: August 2023

There were huge sediment yielding and deposition due to debris flows by breaking natural landslide dams which were formed by earthquake in 1858 at upstream reach of Joganji River. Sediment transportation is still active by debris flow and flow with bedload due to rainfall, though a lot of erosion control dams have been constructed. Continuously measuring sediment runoff for long term along a main river is necessary to evaluate the propagation of sediment after the huge events for sediment management in the basin using well hydrological information. Appropriate tools are selected and applied to monitoring in the area managed by Tateyama Mountain Area Sabo Office along Joganji River, using a Reid-type bedload slot sampler, robust-type hydrophone and velocity meter on the bed for bedload and turbidity meter for washload. Monitored data is concentratedly collected at the office to apply risk management for sediment movement due to heavy rainfall and so on. Several typical data and problems to solved were shown because it passed around twenty years since sediment monitoring started, and those are reported in present study.
Experimental study of seismo-acoustic frequency and flow velocity of debris flow
Authors: Regmi Sudhan , Liu Ko-Fei , Wei Shih-Chao
Published: August 2023

Seismo-acoustic wave radiated from debris flows motion is one of the main properties used for its monitoring and detection. Understanding the Seismo-acoustic wave using geophone recordings may give us great insight into the physical process of debris flows such as flow velocity and flow rate. To connect the seismo acoustic observation to the debris flows motion, vibration signal recorded from fixed geophones were analysed. In this study, a small-scale granular flow of volume 0.2 m3 consisting of material with average particle diameter 3.34 mm was simulated in a hydraulic flume with cross section of 0.5 m X 0.5 m through granular bed to simulate the debris flow. A series of three-axis geophones were buried along channel bed to record the vibrations produced by granular flows. The discrete Fourier transform was used to decompose vibrations into frequency spectrum and the weighted non-linear least square regression was adopted to isolate the dominant frequency functions and peak frequency. Meanwhile, the physical parameters including front profile, surface velocity, flow depth and discharge were tracked through video recordings and were compared with respect to isolated peak frequency. Assuming the radiated peak frequency in the moving granular flow is within 20-50 Hz and normally distributed, the isolated peak frequency shift in the fixed geophone location was analysed with the tracked flow parameters. Results shows that the peak frequency shift seems to have a non-linear relation with the surface velocity.
The Territorial Debris Flow Early Warning System of Piemonte (North-western Italy)
Authors: Tiranti Davide , Bertolotto Paolo , Cremonini Roberto , Gaeta Armando Riccardo , Vela Naima
Published: August 2023

Debris flows are one of the most frequent and dangerous phenomena affecting the Alpine environment; they are responsible of 36% of casualties due to gravitational phenomena in the Italian Alps during the last century. In the Western Italian Alps (Piemonte, Italy) a Territorial Debris Flow Early Warning System (Te-DFEWS) aimed to forecast and predict the occurrence of sediment mass-transport has been developed, based on the characterization of small Alpine catchments (< 50 km2) and the processes that take place in these. The Te-DFWES is based on the identification of predisposing and triggering factors that determinate debris flow occurrence. The Te-DFEWS operates from 2010 in present-time and nowcasting using weather radar observations as input data. Recently (2021), the Te-DFEWS has been improved extending the forecasting window (up to 48h from simulation) by the introduction of Quantitative Precipitation Estimate/Forecast (QPE/QPF) input from COSMO-2I and ICON-IT, local high-resolution weather models. The Te-DFEWS, named DEFENSE (DEbris Flows triggEred by storms - Nowcasting SystEm) and the related warning procedures are presented as an operational tool integrated in the Regional Warning System for Geo-hydrological and Hydraulic Risk at the Functional Centre of Piemonte, managed by the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Piemonte (Arpa Piemonte).
Snowmelt-triggered debris flows in seasonal snowpacks
Authors: Hatchett Benjamin , Bacon Steven , Brandt W. Tyler , Heggli Anne , Lancaster Jeremy
Published: August 2023

Snowmelt-triggered debris flows commonly occur in mountains. On 14 June 2019, a debris flow occurred on a steep, east-facing slope composed of unconsolidated glacial and periglacial sediments in Yosemite National Park. Originating as a shallow landslide, ~1,300m3 of ripe snow was instantaneously entrained into the debris flow carrying boulders, trees, and soil downslope. The forested area at the toe of the slope strained out debris leaving a muddy slurry to issue across Highway 120 during dewatering. We document this mass movement and assesses its initiation using local snowpack and meteorological data as well as a regional atmospheric reanalysis to examine synoptic conditions. A multiday warming trend and ripening of the snowpack occurred prior to the event as a 500 hPa ridge amplified over western North America leading to record warm 700 hPa temperatures. Anomalous temperatures and cloud cover prevented refreezing of the snowpack and accelerated its ripening with meltwater contributing to soil saturation. Similar conditions occurred during the catastrophic 1983 Slide Mountain debris flow, also hypothesized to be snowmelt initiated. With projected increases in heat waves, our findings can support natural hazard early warning systems in snow-dominated environments.
Future global debris flow susceptibility considering climate change, wildfire probability, and glacier retreat
Authors: Kurilla Laurie J. , Fubelli Giandomenico
Published: August 2023

The present-day impact of climate changes on debris flow magnitude, frequency, and susceptibility has been demonstrated in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and New Zealand. Such impacts are expected to increase under future emission scenarios. Future global debris flow susceptibility models provide an international perspective on areas worthy of further, more detailed analyses with regard to geographic changes in global debris flow susceptibility. In this study, future global debris flow susceptibility models are developed under RCP 2.6 and 8.5 IPCC Climate Change Scenarios. These models were further augmented with wildfire probability, and areas of potential glacier retreat, both of which can act as amplifiers to debris flow susceptibility. The results are projected against future urban centers, for a spatial view on potential human vulnerability. Key findings are (1) wildfire acts as a significant amplifier in area and magnitude of debris flow susceptibility in all modeling scenarios, (2) greater than 50% of the studied glaciers reside within higher susceptibility zones when wildfire is not considered, and greater than 75% when wildfire probability is considered, (3) 76 of the studied glaciers are within 5 km of eleven urban centers, (4) 11% of these “urban” glaciers are in higher susceptibility zones when wildfire probability is not considered, and 51% are in higher susceptibility zones when wildfire is considered, (5) about 12% of future urban centers will reside within higher susceptibility zones under both future climate change scenarios. Consideration of these factors, together with traditional environmental factors and triggers, and findings by local and regional glacier-related debris flow researchers, suggests a new paradigm in modeling debris flow susceptibility, at any scale.
Study on debris flow monitoring in Mt. Fuji
Authors: Nishimura Naoki , Usuki Nobuhiro , Touhei Masaru , Mizuyama Takahisa , Okamoto Atsushi
Published: August 2023

The Osawa River, which has its headwaters at the top of Mt. Fuji, has one of the largest failure in Japan, the Osawa Failure, in its uppermost part of the catchment. The Osawa Failure produces more than 100,000m3 of sediment every year by erosion and collapse, which causes debris flows and slash avalanches. Since its opening in 1970, the Fuji Sabo Office has been observing the sediment dynamics of the Osawa River through field surveys, observation equipment and aerial photogrammetry, aerial laser survey, and Japanese pipe hydrophone. In 2021, the largest debris flows since the start of observations in the Osawa River occurred twice in March and August. In the March 21 debris flow, 416,000m3 of sediment flowed down from the Osawa Failure, and 482,000m3 was deposited in the alluvial fan. In the August 18 debris flow, 421,000m3 of sediment was deposited in the alluvial fan. Our observations from CCTV cameras, rain gauges, and other equipment installed in the Osawa River indicate that the rainfall characteristics during the two debris flows were different, and that the conditions for debris flows differed depending on the season.
Extreme precipitation on dry ground in western Norway – characteristics of induced landslides call for adaptation of the Norwegian practice in landuse planning
Authors: Rüther Denise Christina , Rubensdotter Lena , Hefre Heidi
Published: August 2023

Following a particularly dry summer, a torrential rain event struck Western Norway on Tuesday 30 July 2019. The resulting floods and shallow landslides caused one fatality and severe damages to public and private infrastructure in the former Jølster municipality. Building on earlier work, in which we identified characteristics of the shallow landslides induced by torrential rains on unsaturated soils, we here present suggestions for adaptation of the Norwegian practice in landuse planning.
Quantifying debris-flow hazard and risk based on fan sector
Authors: Strouth Alex , Zubrycky Sophia , McDougall Scott
Published: August 2023

We show how a quantitative estimate of debris-flow hazard and risk can be derived simply from the position of infrastructure on the fan relative to the fan apex and the most likely flow path (e.g., active channel). Fan sectors and the spatial probability of impact in each sector are based on a fan-normalized heat map of debris-flow impacts derived from 146 mapped impact areas across 30 fans in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. As a proof-of-concept, we provide an example for annual life loss risk to an individual who occupies a home in various sectors of a debris-flow fan. The results are comparable to broad findings from quantitative risk assessments completed at 10 fans in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada with similar characteristics. The method presented here is a way to obtain a high-level quantitative risk estimate prior to a detailed site-specific assessment.
Bridge obstruction caused by debris flow: A practical procedure for its management in debris-flow simulations
Authors: Zugliani Daniel , Ataieyan Atousa , Rocco Raffaele , Betemps Nathalie , Ropele Paolo , Rosatti Giorgio
Published: August 2023

Bridge clogging due to a debris flow is a phenomenon scarcely studied but critical in hazard mapping in the mountain area. Since a rational and systematic approach is still missing, we propose a practical method to deal with this phenomenon in a numerical framework. We tested this methodology by using, as a numerical model, the two-phase, mobile-bed model TRENT2D and, as a site test case, the village of Voueces in the north-west part of the Italian Alps. The application shows reasonable results and highlights the importance of a mobile-bed approach.