bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a healthy lifestyle assessment index for school-age children
Authors: Faria Beatriz ,   Unidade de Saúde Pública do ACeS Grande Porto V – Porto Ocidental, Rua de Saraiva de Carvalho, n.º 130, 4000-520 Porto, Portugal, Pinto da Costa Marta , Vilela Sofia ,   EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n.º 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal,   Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n.º 135,  4050-600 Porto, Portugal,   Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni  Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal,   EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n.º 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal,   Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde  Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n.º 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Assessing children's lifestyles is fundamental for developing policies that prevent the onset of non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVES: To develop a short lifestyle index for school-age children (6 to 9 years old) and assess their lifestyle characterization. METHODOLOGY: The index was developed based on data from the 7-year follow-up of the birth cohort Generation XXI (n=4336 children), grouped into four domains: frequency of food consumption, eating behaviours, physical activity (including sedentary behaviours) and sleep duration. Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained to assess the index internal consistency. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics, the physical environment of the house, and the index score were evaluated through linear regression models, obtaining beta coefficients and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: The final index included only two domains (food consumption and physical activity) with a Cronbach alpha of 0.52 and a mean score of 3.6 ± 2.8 (range: -5 to 10). Maternal age (β=1.066; 95%CI=1.045-1.087), years of education (β=1.216; 95%CI=1.186-1.246), having a house with a garden (β=1.630; 95%CI=1.304-2.037), internet access (β=1.524; 95%CI=1.086-2.139) and having a bicycle (β=1.710; 95%CI=1.086-2.694) were positively associated with a healthier lifestyle of the children. CONCLUSIONS: The index developed is a short instrument that can be used to evaluate school-age children’s overall lifestyle. Better maternal sociodemographic characteristics and a better house physical environment increase the likelihood of children having a healthier lifestyle.
Eficácia de intervenções dietéticas e nutricionais na diabetes gestacional – revisão sistemática
Authors: Coelho Mariana ,   Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia da Universidade Católica  Portuguesa Rua Diogo Botelho,  n.º 1327,  4169-005 Porto, Portugal, Coutinho Joana , Pinto Elisabete ,   Hospital Pedro Hispano - Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Rua de Dr. Eduardo Torres,  4464-513 Sra.da Hora,  Portugal,   Centro de Biotecnologia  e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado,  Escola Superior de  Biotecnologia da  Universidade Católica  Portuguesa Rua Diogo Botelho,  n.º 1327,  4169-005 Porto, Portugal,   EPIUnit - Instituto  de Saúde Pública da  Universidade do Porto,  Rua das Taipas, n.º 135,  4050-600 Porto, Portugal
Published: July 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A diabetes gestacional é uma das complicações mais comuns da gravidez, associada a altos níveis de inflamação. É caracterizada por alterações do metabolismo glicémico e lipídico num ambiente de inflamação de baixo grau. A terapêutica nutricional tem demonstrado ser coadjuvante ou alternativa ao tratamento farmacológico. OBJETIVOS: Rever sistematicamente e avaliar criticamente as diretrizes mais recentes da terapêutica nutricional para o tratamento da diabetes gestacional. METODOLOGIA: Para a realização desta revisão sistemática, realizou-se uma pesquisa no motor de busca PubMed, utilizando os descritores “gestational diabetes” AND “nutrition”, tendo considerado somente a evidência proveniente de estudos experimentais e publicados desde 2018, até à atualidade. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pela aplicação da ferramenta, Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2). Foram incluídos 26 estudos. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos estudos demonstrou que as intervenções dietéticas em grávidas com diabetes gestacional, abrangendo suplementação nutricional, alimentos e padrões alimentares, tiveram efeitos positivos no perfil lipídico, no controlo glicémico, no estado inflamatório, no stress oxidativo, entre outros. CONCLUSÕES: A intervenção dietética na diabetes gestacional revelou ter efeitos na redução da necessidade de tratamento farmacológico, na melhoria da glicemia e dos parâmetros relacionados.
Dialektusok és modernitás: új módszerekkel a nyelvjárásokról az iskolában
Authors: Parapatics Andrea
Published: July 2024

A tanulmány egy, a „digitális bennszülöttek” igényeihez igazodó tanítási ötletet ismertet a nyelvjárástan témakör iskolai, tanórán kívüli feldolgozásához. Elsőként bemutatja a témakör tanításával kapcsolatos nehézségeket és feladatokat. Ezt követően a tanulói portfólió készítési szakaszaira építve a dialektusokkal foglalkozó portfólió céljait, a tervezésével, előkészítésével, a visszajelzésekkel és az értékeléssel kapcsolatos megfontolásokat veszi számba. A tanulóknak kiosztható letölthető vázlat tartalmazza a feladatokat és az értékelés szempontjait illető javaslatokat. A tanulmány a tanulói portfólió digitális környezetben való alkalmazási lehetőségeinek a bemutatásával, az e-portfóliók létrehozásához fejlesztett applikációk és weblapok számbavételével zárul, amelyek természetesen bármilyen más iskolai tananyag feldolgozásához is hatékonyan használhatók.
Aprendizaje del derecho a través de la participación de las clínicas jurídicas en los trámites de consulta pública
Authors: Carceller Stella Julia J.
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo pretende valorar la capacidad de las Clínicas jurídicas en nuestro país para participar en los procesos de elaboración normativa, en el marco de su función de servicio-formación jurídica. Se trata de identificar, a través de la intervención de éstas en los trámites de consulta pública, vías de trabajo para generar aportaciones al aprendizaje del derecho y contribuciones a la justicia social. En concreto, a través de la participación directa, potenciar el acceso a la justicia de individuos y colectivos mediante la articulación de intereses y derechos afectados o con el diagnóstico y estudio del trámite en sí.
MEMOIRS, RECOLLECTIONS, AND FAMILY CHRONICLES OF ORDINARY PEOPLE AS FAMILY HISTORY MEDIA
Authors: Kršková Veronika , Kessler Vojtěch
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze the motivation of the lay public in collecting, writing down, or compiling family documents, in particular memoirs, recollections, and family chronicles. We posited the question of whether there are specific subconsciously created templates of writing down memories that delimit and conceptualize the method of their remembering, or whether the resulting texts are purely individualized. One particular level of consideration is the very addressees of the family recollections, who do not just work with the texts as a “family treasure” but who also have an interest in preserving them for the broader public. What are their motivations for making these to a large extent intimate texts public, and in what way can these highly personal and specific recollections be useful to researchers?
Potency Campaign Madurese Culture Through Gastronomy Diplomacy
Authors: Rosyidi Moch. Imron
Published: July 2024

Gastronomy is a very complex cultural product. The development of gastronomic tourism contributes to strengthening local identity, and will be an important point for the development of sustainable tourism. In gastro-tourism, the main motivation for someone to travel is to get the experience of tasting food and drinks that can provide impressions and memories throughout their life. This research aims to explain the role of gastronomy in campaigning for Madurese culture. This research was conducted using the Life Story method and a gastrodiplomacy study approach. The results of the research show that the eating tradition in Madura is almost carried out on various occasions, from human births to funeral ceremonies. The tradition of eating is a space for people to gather in various elements to exchange ideas and thoughts. The potential for gastronomy as a space for Madurese cultural campaigns is still very wide open. This is related to the unique gastronomic characteristics of Madurese food and can be an interesting topic of conversation at a meeting. This research suggests that it is applicable to hold activities such as MICE-Meeting Incentive Convention and Exhibition with a food theme to become a sustainable Madurese cultural space campaign .
Model Pengembangan Kurikulum Riset Konstruktif-Integratif dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Akademik di MAN 2 Tulungagung
Authors: Hawwin Muzakki
Published: July 2024

This research highlights significant differences between research approaches at State Islamic Senior High School (MAN) and University curricula. The research curriculum development, adjustment, and modification at the madrasah level are the main attractions for researchers who want to continue their research and in-depth study of the research curriculum at MAN 2 Tulungagung. This research seeks to explore the curriculum development model at MAN 2 Tulungagung to explain the research curriculum development at MAN 2 Tulungagung by borrowing Tyler's curriculum development theory. This research was explored using in-depth interviews, documentation and participant observation. The approach used in this study is qualitative. The data obtained was analyzed using the stages of data collection, presentation, condensation, and conclusion. This research concludes the research curriculum development model at MAN 2 Tulungagung using a constructivist-integrative model with the steps: (1) Using a clear legal basis, (2) Integrating the independent curriculum and research curriculum, (3) Carrying out a preliminary study, (4) ) Designing intracurricular, extracurricular and incidental development activities, (5) Developing research curriculum components, (6) Organizing the curriculum, (7) Collaborating with other agencies, and (8) Evaluating research programs which are carried out sequentially and continuously.
Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Reverse Flow-Forming on 15CDV6 Seamless Tubes for Aerospace Application
Authors: Vikraman Gokul , Ramesh Ajith , Balasubramanian Venkataraman
Published: July 2024

Flow-forming is an unconventional incremental forming process that involves pressing and elongating a preform kept on a rotating mandrel with the aid of rollers. A 3D thermo-mechanical model is developed to simulate the reverse flow-forming of 15CDV6 Steel. This process can produce seamless cylindrical tubes in a single step with a high strength-to-weight ratio, reducing the need for additional manufacturing processes. Flow-forming also has an inherent advantage of producing tubes with almost uniform thickness distribution. The numerical model is validated by comparing the thickness distribution of the simulated formed tubes with those obtained from the experiments. This study also investigates the effect of input variables, like, axial stagger, percentage reduction, and feed ratio, on state variables like stresses, strains, equivalent plastic strains, and the measurable output parameters. The measurable output responses, like spring-back, diametral growth, ovality, and thickness, are predicted from the numerical results. Stress and strain distribution at relevant tube regions, such as the outer circumference, inner circumference, and roller contact zone, are also investigated. In addition, a significant contribution of this work is investigation of the strain-rate history of the process, which has direct implications towards the final tube geometry and structural integrity. The results have indicated that a higher percentage reduction leads to significant plastic deformation thereby increasing spring-back and ovality. Lower feed rates are found to result in a larger area of the tube material (locally) engaging in contact with the rollers, thereby leading to a higher ovality and diametral growth. In contrast, a higher axial stagger promotes larger spacing, greater support, and a controlled deformation, resulting in lower diametral growth and spring-back. Equivalent plastic strain is a crucial numerically-measurable output for material deformation, as it indicates structural integrity and also plays a significant role in crack formation. Notably, increasing the feed ratio was found to reduce the equivalent plastic strain since the amount of local contact with the rollers is reduced. However, increasing the percentage reduction was found to increase it globally. The Taguchi method is employed to develop the design of experiments and perform optimization of the process parameters.
The Predictive Role of C-Reactive Protein, Leukocyte Cell Count, and Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor for Pulmonary Sequelae in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Altintas Izzet , Kallemose Thomas , Lindstrøm Mette Bendtz , Parvaiz Imran , Rokkedal Iben , Rasmussen Lene Juel , Iversen Katrine Kjær , Olsen Jesper Eugen , Iversen Kasper Karmark , Hansen Ejvind Frausing , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Nehlin Jan Olof , Andersen Ove
Published: July 2024

Background
Pulmonary function impairment has profound effects on patient quality of life, working ability, and healthcare utilization. Among individuals suffering from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a range of severity in respiratory symptoms is observed. We therefore investigated whether levels of biomarkers associated with respiratory function and inflammation in patients with COVID-19 upon admittance to the Emergency Department (ED) are predictive of long-term pulmonary function impairment among COVID-19 survivors.
Methods
In this prospective single-center study, patients were recruited upon attending their follow-up visits 4–5 months after experiencing severe COVID-19 infection. These patients underwent pulmonary function tests at the respiratory outpatient clinic as part of clinical standard procedure. Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was chosen as the primary clinical measure and a diffusion deficit (DLCO <80% predicted) was the primary endpoint. DLCO and total lung capacity (TLC) were measured using the single-breath method. Forced Expired Volume in the first second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) were also measured. Baseline biomarkers, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), leukocyte cell counts, and soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) were measured and the correlation with post discharge DLCO values were assessed.
Results:
A total of 110 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Sixty-four (58.2%) were females, median age was 61.5 years and average BMI was 27.2. Of the participants, 53.7%, 43.5%, and 2.8% were never-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers, respectively; median tobacco exposure for current and former smokers was 18 pack-years.
Trimodal Peri Operative Prehabilitation for patient with Upper Oesogastric and Pancreatic cancer: study protocol for a multicenter, two- cohort, open-label, single-arm GERCOR POP-UP study
Authors: BELTRAN Eva Ester MOLINA , CHORIN Frederic , SCHWARZ Lilian , VEZIANT Julie , GARCIA-LARNICOR Marie-Line , VERNEREY Dewi , DUSSART Claude , NEUZILLET Cindy
Published: July 2024

Background: Patients with oesogastric (OGC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibit the highest rates of malnutrition in oncology. Current therapeutic strategies for localized PDAC and OGC (i.e., perioperative triplet chemotherapy and major abdominal surgery) curry a high risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly heightened in malnourished patients. Furthermore, surgery and chemotherapy may induce the nutritional deficiencies in these patients. Additionally, malnutrition impacts negatively all dimensions of patient’s life, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and survival. Scientific societies and national/international guidelines recommend nutritional support and adapted physical activity (APA) alongside oncological treatments as standard care but practices remain heterogeneous.
Methods: This is a single-arm, two-cohort (PDAC and OGC), multicenter, open-label study evaluating the feasibility of an 8-week trimodal prehabilitation program (supervised APA, nutrition, and psychological intervention) with nurse coordination for patients with PDAC (cohort #1) or OGC (cohort #2) scheduled for peri-operative triplet chemotherapy and surgery. The primary outcome will assess the feasibility of the intervention. Success will be defined by the completion of ≥75% of the planned APA sessions, 66% of the nutritional evaluations, and a psychological or psychiatric visit if needed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The main objective is to demonstrate, with a A’Hern design, that the rate of patients in each cohort successfully completing the prehabilitation program is clearly above a predetermined low rate (e.g. 50%). Secondary outcomes are: HRQoL, completion and complications of chemotherapy and surgery, and nurse coordination evaluation. Exploratory outcomes will include changes in body composition and muscle mass and function following the prehabilitation program.
Discussion: Prehabilitation, a multimodal emerging approach in oncology in France, faces several barriers to implementation including non-standardized modalities, limited territorial network of APA professionals, and lack of coordination. We hypothesize that remote supervision of the APA intervention with personalized sessions and nursing coordination of the program, could be an appropriate response to these current challenges.
Trial registration: NCT06275737 the 2024-02-23
Divergent adaptation to highland and tropical environments in Bolivian Creole cattle
Authors: Giovambattista Guillermo , Marcuzzi Olivia , Cecco Paulo Alvarez , Olivera Leonidas , Rico Juan Pereira , Calcaterra Francisco , Vega Ariel Loza , Garcia Pilar Peral , Fernandez María , Muñoz Andres Rogberg
Published: July 2024

Bolivian Creole cattle populations evolved under low levels of breeding management and, during more than 500 years of natural selection, became adapted to various environments such as the contrasting highland and subtropical environments. Recently, highland Creole cattle were crossbred with Holstein to improve dairy production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the divergent adaptation through selection footprints of Bolivian Creole cattle from Andean highland and tropical lowlands, and to evaluate the effect of Holstein introgression in highland Creole. For this purpose, 130 Creole cattle (75 highland, 55 lowland) and 88 Holstein were genotyped using a microarray. The database was used to determine population structure and admixture and detect selection sweeps using FST, Rsb, XP-EHH and ROH. Ancestry inference suggested that selection peaks were not due to Holstein introgression. The NCBI database was used to retrieve genes from the common regions and then perform gene ontology analysis. The most prominent selection peaks were on BTA20 and BTA23 and included the PRLR (slick phenotype) and Class I and IIa BoLA genes. Other windows contained candidate genes for hypoxia (ANXA2, NDUFA4L2), angiogenesis, immune response (IL7R, IL6ST, IL31RA, C6, C7, STAT6, NKG2A, IRAK4, KLR, CLEC), oxidative stress (GSTA, HSD17B6) and morphological traits (PLAG1, CHCHD7, CAP2, ARL15). GO analysis revealed enrichment terms and pathways related to immune response, glutathione and retinol metabolism and reported QTLs for coat characteristics, immune response, and tick resistance. The results suggest the complex mechanism in the adaptation of Bolivian Creole cattle to the contrasting highland and subtropical environments.
Modeling the effects of realistic land cover changes on frozen ground and land surface energy balance over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Luo Siqiong , Ren Hongrui , Wang Jingyuan , Chen Zihang , Li Zhuoqun
Published: July 2024

Changing vegetation cover effect the land surface energy balance and frozen ground. Incorporating more accurate land cover changes (LCC) data can enhance simulation results. This paper used two sets of highly precise land use data from different time periods to establish a parameter set for plant functional types (PFTs) on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and employed the latest RegCM5.0-CLM4.5 model for sensitivity simulations, aiming to compare the differences in LCC in different years and analyze the impact of LCC on regional climate. The results showed that the realistic LCC significant effected frozen ground and land surface energy balance over the QTP. The entire QTP is in a warming state and the average land surface temperature(LST)increase can reach 0.10°C (in 2000) and 0.36°C (in 2020) respectively. The soil temperature (ST) can change as deep as 280cm, with obvious changes between 2cm and 100cm, which can get 0.07°C (in 2000) and 0.31°C (in 2020). The warming effect makes the thawing area of frozen ground increase in the thawing period and decrease in the freezing period. The correlations of various meteorological elements vary in different regions. The change of vegetation coverage leads to a decrease in albedo, an increase in net radiation (Rn) and air temperatures (Ta). The new PFTs improve the cold bias of the simulation Ta compared to the original PFTs. For the whole area, Rn and albedo (Alb) are the main factors affecting Ta (the correlation index: 0.69 and − 0.76 respectively). Near-surface wind speed (Nws), evaporation (Evp) and surface air density (Sad) are the main factors affecting LST (the correlation index: 0.28, -0.40 and − 0.41 respectively). In summary, the simulation results prove that plateau greening will cause an increase in LST, ST and Ta.
Exploring Causal Effects of Droughts on Air Quality for Environmental Sustainability in China Using VAR Model and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Maqsood , Zhang Xiang , Shen Yonglin , Ali Shahid , Ma Yuyang
Published: July 2024

China has faced severe and persistent drought conditions over the past few decades. However, the impact of drought on air quality remains insufficiently understood. To address this issue, we employed a VAR model incorporating Granger causality, IRF, and FEVD to investigate the causal relationship between drought, SPEI, and daily concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 over an 18-year period (2001 to 2018). This approach elucidates the dynamic effects of drought on air quality over time. Furthermore, we developed and compared the performance of four deep learning models, including ANN, DNN, LSTM, and SLSTM, to assess the influence of drought on air pollution levels. Our empirical findings indicate a positive unidirectional causal relationship between the SPEI and air pollutants. During drought periods, we observed an increase in PM2.5 concentrations by 9.08 µg/m3 and PM10 concentrations by 12.46 µg/m3, all within 95% confidence intervals (p<0.05). Furthermore, seasonal analysis revealed that winter exhibited higher concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10, with increases of 6.83 µg/m3 and 7.62 µg/m3, respectively, compared to other seasons. During droughts, PM2.5 and PM10 levels spike notably, with Southwest and central China facing the highest pollution, especially in PM2.5. Southwest China sees particularly elevated PM10 levels compared to other regions. Furthermore, deep learning models show a significant correlation between droughts and PM2.5 and PM10 levels, with PM2.5 having an average RMSE of 5.76, MAE of 4.217, and R2 of 0.86, and PM10 with an average RMSE of 15.44, MAE of 9.85, and R2 of 0.93. As droughts become more prevalent due to climate change, it is crucial to examine the health consequences of heightened air pollution during these periods, in addition to the conventional health impacts associated with drought.
Pro-apoptotic Smac/DIABLO Acts as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Silva Fábio França Vieira e , Padín-Iruegas María Elena , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Chamorro-Petronacci Cintia Micaela , Lourenzo-Pouso Alejandro Ismael , García-García Abel , Ballini Andrea , Domenico Marina Di , Suaréz-Peñaranda José Manuel , Pérez-Sayáns Mario
Published: July 2024

Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses significant health risks with increasing incidence and mortality rates. In this context, there is an urgent need to explore novel biomarkers to enhance therapeutic strategies and improve survival. Understanding apoptotic evasion in cancer pathogenesis, this pioneering study aims to investigate the correlation between a pro-apoptotic protein Smac/DIABLO and patient prognosis within the OSCC cohort.
Methodology:
Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze Smac/DIABLO expression and correlate with clinicopathological and prognostic factors during a long-term follow-up.
Results
Smac/DIABLO low expression was associated with worse overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and an increase in risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in univariate analyses. Furthermore, multivariate analyses confirmed Smac/DIABLO as an independent prognostic factor, predicting poorer OS, RFS, DSS, and increased likelihood of LNM. Patients with positive Smac/DIABLO expression exhibited three times higher survival probability.
Conclusion
Low proapoptotic protein Smac/DIABLO expression significantly influences prognostic predictions and strongly correlates with poor OSCC outcomes. Enhancing Smac/DIABLO protein expression via Smac/DIABLO mimetic compounds can represent a key point in anti-cancer therapy targeting OSCC.
Evacuation of Lisbon’s Baixa-Chiado Subway Station in Case of Fire
Authors: Borralho Tiago , Rodrigues João Paulo Correia , Santos Cristina Calmeiro dos
Published: July 2024

It is essential to ensure that any building has conditions for a safe evacuation of its occupants. This aspect is essential in subway stations, where evacuation has to be carried out in an upward way, and usually correspond to large structures constituting a single fire compartment. Baixa-Chiado subway station, in Lisbon, Portugal, was selected for studying the evacuation in case of fire, due to its depth, high number of passengers that frequent the station and the existing of two intersecting train lines. A calculation of evacuation time was calculated and the way of evacuation studied, in different fire scenarios, number and location of occupants. The numerical simulations used Fire Dynamics Simulator and Pathfinder softwares, the first for fire spreading and the second for evacuation analysis. The importance of smoke control system, and its rapid activation in case of fire, was highlighted by the results obtained. In situations where this did not occur, there was a significant worsening in the evacuation of the occupants. It was estimated the incapacitation of a significant number of occupants, considering the levels registered for the fractional effective dose. The station's architectural constraints proved to be a crucial factor in the results of the study. This article highlights important results applicable to subway stations around the world.
Adsorption of Arsenic From Aqueous Solution Using Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Polycystum) Derived Biochar Impregnated With Iron Oxide (Fe2o3): Batch and Column Studies Modelling
Authors: Devrajani Satesh Kumar , Ahmed Zubair , Qambrani Naveed Ahmed , Kanwal Sania
Published: July 2024

To investigate the potential of adsorption of arsenic from synthetic water, the brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) derived biochar impregnated with iron oxide (Fe2O3) was used. The biochar was produced through pyrolysis, at the temperature of 4000C, of brown seaweed biomass and subsequently impregnated with iron oxide (Fe2O3). The characterization results elucidate that the biochar derived from brown seaweed modified with iron oxide provides more adsorptive sites and surface functional groups for binding arsenic ions. Through the batch study, the arsenic adsorption efficiency of magnetic biochar was investigated by optimizing the influencing parameters such as pH, contact time, arsenic concentration, adsorbent dosage. The maximum arsenic adsorption efficiency was determined 96.7% under the optimized conditions of pH 6, adsorbent dosage of 100 mg, initial arsenic concentration of 0.25 mg/L and the contact time of 90 minutes). The equilibrium isotherms were also employed to analyze the adsorption equilibrium which reveals that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are favorable adsorption process onto the biochar surface, while the kinetics adhered to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption serves as the controlling step in the adsorption mechanism. Through the analysis of breakthrough curves during the column study under controlled conditions, adsorption behavior and capacity were also explored. The results indicated that the column obtained complete saturation after 200 minutes. Furthermore, the investigation showed that the behavior of the column fit both the Adams-Bohart and the Thomas models, indicating the suitability for the large scale application. It can be concluded that these results support the possibility that iron-modified biochar made from macroalgae could be a useful tool for eliminating arsenic from water.
Shifting trade from feed to food reduces agricultural nitrogen loss and GHG emissions in U.S. and China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Yanyu , Davidson Eric , Gu Baojing
Published: July 2024

Current U.S.-China agricultural trade primarily consists of crops used for animal feed, which are pivotal in China's livestock production. Trade policies between these nations have been predominantly driven by economic interests and political relations, but here we show that they also have large consequences for nitrogen pollution, which also merits consideration. More than 40% of nitrogen in feed is lost into the environment as manure, exacerbating nitrogen pollution in China while increasing energy and water consumption for producing synthetic fertilizer in the U.S. Instead of trading feed, trading animal-derived food would lower overall nitrogen pollution and alter its distribution. Transitioning from trading feed to food could reduce total nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions by over 30%, significantly cutting manure pollution in China and reducing synthetic fertilizer use through substitution by manure in the U.S. Transitioning to greater food trade would increase nitrogen losses and associated environmental damage costs in the U.S. However, increased losses could be mitigated by over 40%, resulting in comparable environmental impacts to the current feed trade situation, by recovering and diverting plant-based human food waste for animal feed and increasing manure recycling. The U.S. agricultural trade revenue would increase by US$11 ± 3 billion. Optimizing agricultural trade portfolio between China and the U.S. considering the impacts on both the environment and the economy could benefit both countries.
Seasonal velocity patterns and deforming bed processes associated with different subglacial drainage systems.
Authors: Hart Jane , Baurley Nathaniel , Bonnie Amy , Robson Benjamin , Bragg Graeme , Martinez Kirk
Published: July 2024

We use a series of unique techniques (wireless in situ subglacial probes; web connected GNSS) along with remotely sensed data to record a continuum of subglacial hydrology from channelized to braided behaviour associated with four soft bedded temperate glaciers. We argue this continuum may be affected by till grain size and subaqueous processes. In addition, we are able to quantify sedimentary processes associated with these different hydrologies. Although we have used a multi-data stream here, we suggest it is possible to solely use glacier velocity data, derived from Sentinel-1 imagery, to distinguish the different hydrological types. This is important because the water at the base of the glacier (in both water bodies and the till) is a key driver of glacier behaviour and the rate of sea level rise, but direct measurements of the basal environment are rare, hence the importance of our remote sensing data.
Equine coronavirus infection and replication in equine intestinal enteroids
Authors: Kambayashi Yoshinori , Nemoto Manabu , Ochi Akihiro , Kishi Daiki , Ueno Takanori , Tsujimura Koji , Bannai Hiroshi , Kawanishi Nanako , Ohta Minoru , Suzuki Tohru
Published: July 2024

In this study, equine intestinal enteroids (EIEs) were generated from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and inoculated with equine coronavirus (ECoV) to investigate their suitability as in vitro models with which to study ECoV infection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the EIEs were composed of various cell types expressed in vivo in the intestinal epithelium. qRT-PCR and electron microscopy showed that ECoV had infected and replicated in the EIEs. These results suggest that EIEs can be novel in vitro tools for studying the interaction between equine intestinal epithelium and ECoV. (88 words)
Laser Interferometry for High-Speed Railway Health Inspection using Telecom Fiber along the Line
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Guan , Song Dongqi , Pang Zhongwang , Wang Fangmin , Dai Hongfei , Li Wenlin
Published: July 2024

The health inspection of widespread High-Speed Railway (HSR) network is crucial to maintain the regular transportation, particularly as the velocity of high-speed trains continues to escalate. To narrow the long inspection period of current track recording vehicle (TRV) method, we have implemented a laser interferometer sensing system to turn those existing fiber cables within HSR cable ducts into effective sensing elements. Based on the distributed vibration sensing of daily passing trains, an average power spectrum density (A-PSD) indicator is used to assess the health of HSR infrastructures. During the observation over one year, A-PSDs of 4 typical infrastructures remain stable, indicating their robust health despite challenging environmental conditions. To demonstrate the sensitivity of A-PSD indicator, we analyze the sensing results of a rail section before and after track maintenance, which shows distinctive A-PSD features corresponding to different levels of creep deformation. Additionally, the sensing system can also report other ambient vibrations, such as seismic waves after propagation of over 300 km. It demonstrates the fiber sensing system not only has the ability to act as a real-time supplementary tool for HSR health inspection, but also has potential to establish a large sensing network.
Longitudinal prediction of DNA methylation to forecast epigenetic outcomes
Authors: Leroy Arthur , Teh Ai Ling , Dondelinger Frank , Alvarez Mauricio A. , Wang Dennis
Published: July 2024

Background
Interrogating the biological changes at early stages of life requires longitudinal profiling of molecules, but biosamples may not always be available.
Results
We introduce a probabilistic and longitudinal machine learning framework based on multi-mean Gaussian processes, accounting for individual and gene correlations across time. We show that this method can simultaneously predict methylation status at multiple genomic sites at future ages of children (age 5–7) using methylation data from earlier ages (0–4). Less than 10% difference between observed and predicted methylation values is found in approximately 95% of CpG sites. We show that predicted methylation profiles can be used to estimate other molecular phenotypes, such as epigenetic age, at a specific time point and enable association tests with health outcomes measured at the same time point.
Conclusion
This machine learning approach enables longitudinal studies of development, ageing and disease progression to use molecular data from a limited number of time points.
Explaining the Factors of Smoking Behavior among Adolescents in Isfahan City: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rahimi Majid , Eslami Ahmad Ali , rezaei hajar
Published: July 2024

Background: Reducing the age of smoking and its onset during adolescence is one of the public health concerns that can cause many problems for adolescents. Despite numerous studies, smoking behavior is still increasing in this group of society, which requires understanding the actual analysis of this tendency according to the cultural and social conditions of adolescents. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted to explain the factors of smoking behavior among adolescents in Isfahan.
Methods: The present study is a qualitative research of content analysis using the conventional approach. Participants were selected through available sampling in schools and recreational places in Isfahan. The data collection method was conducted in in-depth interviews without structure in individual and group interviews among 20 adolescents who met the study's criteria and continued until data saturation. To analyze the data, content analysis provided by Graneheim and Lundman was used.
Results: After analyzing the data, 201 primary codes were determined and after summarizing, the codes were summarized in 3 main themes and 9 sub-themes. The main categories included individual factors (benefit, personal and psychological characteristics), interpersonal factors (Friendship-centered, family function), and social factors (school function, law enforcement, and regional culture).
Conclusions: The present study showed that although adverse consequences of smoking were known, stimuli such as media, emotionality, curiosity, and imitation lead to smoking in adolescents. Therefore, media literacy training and life skills such as thoughtful decision-making and emotional intelligence enhancement are useful. On the other hand, adolescents' shame and not smoking in religious places are other protective factors of smoking in adolescents
A Novel Rhodamine B Derivative as a “Turn-on” Fluorescent Probe for Cu 2+ with High Selectivity and Sensitivity
Authors: Liu Li , Zou Ting , Li Tianrong
Published: July 2024

The quantity of “turn-on” probes for Cu2+ is relatively small, and the interference of other metal cations is obvious. In this research, a rhodamine B-based probe, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxypyrazole-4-benzoyl(rhodamine B) hydrazone (RBHP), was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrum, elemental analyses, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Selectivity studies on RBHP to metal cations, and fluorescence and UV–vis absorption spectra titrations of Cu2+ were also conducted. RBHP showed an extremely low fluorescence background signal in acetonitrile and could produce a “turn-on” fluorescent response to Cu2+. While, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Al3+ and Fe3+ induced no interference or very weak interference for the detection of Cu2+. RBHP could recognize Cu2+ with a low limit of quantification at 15 µM (~ 0.95 mg/L). RBHP revealed a possibility as a “turn-on” fluorescent probe for Cu2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Machine learning to preoperatively determine histological differentiation of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Qiang-qiang , Zhong Jun-yuan
Published: July 2024

Objective We aim to establish a machine learning model by extracting the radiomic features from CT images and integrating clinical features to preoperatively predict the histological differentiation of mass-forming ICC. Material and Method: Clinical data and CT images were retrospectively collected from 109 ICC patients (male to female = 63:46) in our hospital from January 2013 to October 2023. The machine learning classification algorithms used in this study were random forest (RF), XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and logistics regression (LR). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of the model on each class, as well as the macro and micro averages were calculated to comprehensively evaluate the model performance.SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to explain the output of the optimal model. Results Concomitant cirrhosis was more likely to occur in poorly differentiated ICC (p < 0.01), while elevated ALT and AST were more common in moderately differentiated ICC (p = 0.02). The RF model constructed based on radiomic features had moderate performance, with a macro-averaged AUC of 0.72, and an AUC of 0.69 for poorly differentiated ICC, 0.7 for moderately poorly differentiated ICC, and 0.71 for moderately differentiated ICC. Both the clinical features model and the fusion model of clinical + radiomic features performed relatively poorly, with a macro-averaged AUC of 0.51 and 0.57, respectively. Conclusion We directly classified the three histological differentiations of 109 ICC cases and found that the radiomics model performed moderately well. This suggested that a radiomics feature model alone might perform better in classification than a fusion model and that the addition of clinical features.
Paediatric maxillofacial fractures have increased in incidence and their nature and aetiology have changed during three decades
Authors: Kirvelä Aura , Suominen Anna Liisa , Puolakkainen Tero , Snäll Johanna , Thorén Hanna
Published: July 2024

The safety of children’s living environment is affected by several factors. Safer living environments have been offered as one explanation to decreases in children’s fractures. Earlier studies provide evidence of a decreasing trend in children’s fractures in the past decades. The objective of this study was to investigate demographic and clinical features of paediatric maxillofacial fractures during three time periods. A retrospective cross-sectional single-centre study was designed. The study included 474 patients aged ≤ 15 years admitted to Helsinki University Hospital in Finland with maxillofacial fractures during 1980–1989, 1993–2002 and 2013–2018. Maxillofacial fractures increased by 25% during the study period. The increase was greater in boys (28%) than in girls (19%), and significant in age groups 0–5 years (71%) and 13–15 years (32%). Exclusively mandibular fractures decreased by 20%, while exclusively midfacial fractures increased more than four-fold and exclusively upper-third fractures five-fold. Being hit by object and falls from height increased more than two-fold. A temporary increase in assaults and decrease in bicycle accidents in the middle period of the study was observed. During the three decades, paediatric maxillofacial fractures have increased and both fracture type and underlying aetiology have changed. These findings reflect improvements in diagnostics, traffic safety, regulations and technology. The role of factors such as interpersonal violence and economic fluctuation on the incidence of childhood maxillofacial fractures is discussed.
Synergistic interactions of assorted bacterial and fungal agents with biochar ameliorate Vigna radiate L. growth and amino acids adjustment under mercury stress
Authors: Moghaddam sina Siavash , Malaie Shirwan , Pourakbar Latifeh , Xiao Jianbo , Khezrnejad Nabi
Published: July 2024

Mercury (Hg) as an abiotic stressor poses significant challenges to plant growth. This study investigates the response of Mung bean plants to three levels of Hg stress (0, 20, and 40 mg/L) using a hydroponic system, inoculated with microbial biostimulators. The two-factorial experiment focused on plant growth, total soluble sugars (TSS), and free amino acids. Results indicated a decrease in plant biomass with increasing in stress severity. Under moderate stress (20 mg/L Hg), arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) were effective in preserving biomass, while under severe stress (40 mg/L Hg), a combination of biochar, AM, and bacterial biostimulants (BAB) was most effective. The highest biomass was recorded by combined treatment of bacteria and AM (BaAM) although it dropped sharply under stress conditions. Except for BaAM, TSS content increased in all moderate stress treatments, particularly with AM, and was notably enhanced by BAB under severe stress. Mung bean plant generally increased the amount of Pro, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Asn, Gly, and Val exposed to Hg stress, while Asp decreased across all stress treatments. Higher Hg tolerance was linked to greater accumulation of TSS and specific free amino acids like Pro, Phe, and Asn. The interaction with microbial inoculation suggests that Mung bean plants adapt to mercury toxicity by altering their sugar and amino acid profiles, which serve as multifunctional molecules and precursors for stress resistance metabolites.
Association Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Insomnia among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Xiaoqiang , Huang Yisen , Wang Yubin , Lin Chanchan , Xu Boming , Zeng Yilin , Chen Peizhong , Huang Yingxuan , Liu Xiaobo
Published: July 2024

Background
Healthcare workers often suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms and insomnia, which affect their quality of life and job performance. This study explores the link between these conditions in healthcare workers to guide health improvements.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited healthcare workers from various hospitals in Quanzhou via an online survey. The severity of gastrointestinal and insomnia symptoms was assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively. The relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and insomnia was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
Results
A total of 372 healthcare workers participated in the study, and 53.2% of the participants reported having insomnia symptoms. In the unadjusted model, there was a positive correlation between the GSRS total score and the risk of insomnia (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.14–1.28). This positive correlation persisted even after adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, anxiety, depression, somatization, and weekly night shift count (adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.0-1.16).
Conclusion
Gastrointestinal symptoms and insomnia are significantly positively correlated among healthcare workers. This finding suggests the need to develop interventions that enhance the gastrointestinal and sleep health of healthcare workers, thereby improving their work efficiency and quality of care.
Earthquake Risk Assesment of Urban Quetta, using Multi-criteria Anlaysis
Authors: Syed Ainuddin , Suriyachan Chamawong , Aruninta Ariya , J.K Routray , applicable Jamal- uddin Not , Faiz Shabana
Published: July 2024

The capital of Balochistan province Quetta is surrounded by mountain ranges with many active seismic faults. The province is subjected to many earthquakes in the past including the deadliest earthquake of 1935. The objective of this paper is to carry out earthquake risk assessment of Quetta city using multi-criteria analysis. For the purpose, the primary data was collected from 400 households using stratified random sampling technique with proportionate allocation and secondary data from USGS and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. SPSS, GIS and Arc-GIS were used to generate the vulnerability, hazard and risk maps applying analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted linear combination (WLC) methods. The results reveal that Quetta is highly vulnerable to earthquake risk in the future; its geology coupled with the human dimension indicates indicate that impacts would be more disastrous in future events. Results of the final earthquake risk map shows that five out of thirteen Zones (Hazargunji, Quetta East, Kharot Abad, Samungli, and Quetta North) are at high risk. Four Zones (Centrum of Quetta, Pashtoon Abad, Saryab, and Hazara Town) are at medium risk. Only three Zones (Quetta Cantt, Satellite Town, and Jinnah Town) are at low risk. The proposed risk map of Quetta city may be used for risk communication, decision making, land use planning and development of critical infrastructure. The paper further recommends the map to be utilized as guide for emergency response systems, and develop mitigation plans including enforcement of building codes, improve emergency response activates and educate people on earthquake preparedness.