bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yaprak lahana (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) Yapraklarının Fitokimyasal İçeriği ve Antioksidan Aktivitenin Mevsimsel Değişimi
Authors: ÇÖMLEKÇİOĞLU Nazan , KUTLU Mehtap
Published: March 2018

Yaprak lahana (Brassica
oleracea L. var. acephala),
antioksidan ve fitokimyasal özellikleri ile birçok kanser türünün ve kalp
hastalığı riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, bir
Akdeniz bitkisi olmasına rağmen Karadeniz bölgesine has olarak bilinen yaprak
lahananın yapraklarındaki doğal glukozinolat, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid
içerik, antioksidan aktivite ve yaprak ekstraktlarının yağ içeriği
incelenmiştir. Kahramanmaraş koşullarında yetiştirilen yaprak lahana yaprakları
28 Kasım 2014’den başlayarak 24 Mart 2015’e kadar iki hafta aralıklarla
toplanmış, liyofilizatörde kurutulmuş ve metanol ile ekstrakte edilmiştir. HPLC
analizleri sonucunda bitkide doğal glukozinolatlardan sinigrin, progoitrin,
epiprogoitrin, glukonapin, glukoerusin, glukobrassisin olmak üzere altı farklı
glukozinolat farklı miktarlarda belirlenmiştir. Yaprak lahana yapraklarından
elde edilen yağda yapılan GC-MS analizi sonucunda 33 farklı yağ asidi
belirlenmiş, bu yağ asitleri içinden en yüksek oranda bulunanları sırasıyla
trikosanoik asit (%28.25), cis-11-eikosanoik asit (%24.01), linoleik asit
(%10.13), palmitik asit (%9.35) ve bütirik asit (%7.76) olmuştur. Yaprak lahana
yapraklarının antioksidan kapasitesi Ocak ayının sonuna kadar artmış, daha
sonra düşüşe geçmiştir. Bu tarihlerdeki sıcaklıklar ise Ocak ayına kadar
düşmüş, bu aydan sonra yükselmeye başlamıştır. Bu tarihler arasında toplanan
kurutulmuş bitki yapraklarının toplam fenolik madde değeri 7.32-11.63 mg GAE g-1,
toplam flavonoid miktarı 2.01-3.96 µg QE g-1, FRAP değeri
13.43-29-77 µg AAE g-1 ve DPPH %’ın IC50 değeri 1.31-1.91 mg dw g-1
arasında bulunmuştur.
The Optimal Power Allocation with Hybrid Relaying Based on Channel Condition
Authors: Jeon Junpyo , Shim Yeonggyu , Park Hyuncheol
Published: March 2018

This paper considers a hybrid relay network consisting of the source, the amplify-and-forward (AF) relay, the decode-and-forward (DF) relay, and the destination. We propose the optimal power allocation schemes between two different relays which maximize the achievable rate under a sum relay power constraint for given channel gains and transmit power from source. By solving the optimization problem to maximize the achievable rate for each relay network, the transmit power values in closed-form are derived. When the channel gains are the same, the optimal power allocation scheme for AF-DF relay network proves that a more power should be allocated at the first relay to maximize the achievable rate. In case of the DF-AF relay network, we derive the optimal power allocation scheme for the possible four cases. Under the same SNR condition at the first hop, we show that the achievable rate of AF-DF relay network is greater than that of DF-AF relay network when the channel gain between two relays is higher than that between the second relay and destination. Simulation results show that the proposed power allocation schemes provide a higher achievable rate than the equal power allocation schemes.
Parí­¢metros populacionais e distribuição de Arenaeus cribrarius (Crustacea, Portunoidea), no litoral sudeste brasileiro
Authors: SILVA Thiago Elias da , ANDRADE Luciana Segura de , FRANSOZO Vivian , FREIRE Fúlvio Aurélio de Moraes , FRANSOZO Adilson
Published: March 2018

Para testar a hipótese de ocupação diferencial de profundidade pelos grupos demográficos de A. cribrarius, a distribuição espaço-temporal, estrutura populacional e razão sexual foram estudadas, levando em consideração os fatores ambientais. Os animais foram coletados mensalmente durante um ano em Ubatuba, litoral sudeste brasileiro, em nove profundidades diferentes. Não houve desvio do padrão 1:1 para a razão sexual. Tampouco diferença significativa no tamanho entre os sexos. A atividade reprodutiva foi contí­­nua, porém mais intensa no verão. Foi possí­­vel verificar que há ocupação diferencial do espaço pelos grupos demográficos de A. cribrarius. Juvenis ocuparam regiões mais rasas, que fornecem proteção contra a predação. Machos adultos foram mais frequentes em regiões próximas aos juvenis, o que, provavelmente, aumenta as chances de encontrar fêmeas primí­­paras. Finalmente, fêmeas adultas estiveram mais associadas í­Â s regiões mais profundas, onde a dispersão larval é facilitada pela influência do movimento das massas de água.
Atividade pesqueira e conhecimento etnoictiológico na comunidade de pescadores artesanais de Miguel Alves/PI, Brasil
Authors: SANTOS Kelly Polyana Pereira , VIEIRA Irlaine Rodrigues , ALENCAR Nelson Leal , SOARES Romildo Ribeiro , BARROS Roseli Farias Melo de
Published: March 2018

Por intermédio da pesca, os pescadores exploram o ambiente aquático e estabelecem interações com o ambiente. Objetivou-se caracterizar a atividade pesqueira na comunidade de pescadores artesanais de Miguel Alves/PI, quanto aos apetrechos de pesca utilizados e a identificação do conhecimento etnoictiológico. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta e registro fotográfico. Procederam-se análises quantitativas dos dados por meio do Índice de Diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e coeficiente de Pearson. Realizaram-se coleta e identificação do material zoológico. Foram apontadas 42 espécies, distribuí­­das em seis ordens e 20 famí­­lias, sendo as mais representativas: Pimelodidae, Cichlidae e Serrasalmidae. Entre as espécies mais citadas destacam-se: traí­­ra (Hoplias aff. malabaricus, Bloch, 1794), surubim (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, Linnaeus, 1766) e piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri, Kner, 1858). Os apetrechos mais utilizados foram: engancho/rede, seguido de anzol e tarrafa. O Shannon-Wiener demonstrou que a diversidade de citações entre gêneros alcançou valores semelhantes entre homens e mulheres. Por meio do Coeficiente de Pearson, constatou-se que embora a idade e o tempo no ofí­­cio da pesca tenham influenciado no número de peixes citados por cada classe, esta influência foi muito discreta tendo como base os valores numéricos trabalhados. O saber local é adquirido por intermédio de atividades relacionadas com a pesca artesanal.
Efeitos do pulso de inundação sobre a comunidade de Loricariidae (Pisces, Siluriformes) em lagoas do Pantanal, Brasil
Authors: LEITE Gustavo Figueiredo Marques , REZENDE Renan de Souza , PAINS DA SILVA Hugmar , MUNIZ Claumir Cesar
Published: March 2018

Variações sazonais podem promover alterações ambientais, e consecutivamente, influenciar a estrutura da assembleia de peixes. Os objetivos desse estudo foram i) investigar o efeito do pulso de inundação e conectividade lateral sobre a assembleia de Loricarií­­deos em lagoas marginais; e ii) determinar os fatores ambientais que controlam estrutura local dessas espécies no Pantanal Matogrossense. Para isso foi amostrado a comunidade í­­ctica de duas lagoas marginais, entre setembro de 2005 e agosto de 2007. As assembleias foram afetadas sobretudo por flutuações sazonais e pouco estruturada espacialmente, demonstrando que o pulso de inundação tem papel preponderante na estruturação de Loricariidae. Além disso, a homogeneidade das assembleias entre as lagoas apontou um frequente movimento dos peixes entre os diferentes subsistemas, o que sugere um alto ní­­vel de interação e mistura entre os habitats ao longo da planí­­cie de inundação. O pulso de inundação também se manifestou em mudanças significativas na profundidade, oxigênio dissolvido e turbidez ao longo do perí­­odo de estudo, determinantes para a estrutura das assembleias. Assim, ficou evidente que mudanças ambientais sazonais e a conectividade são fatores determinantes da estrutura das assembleias de Loricariidae nas lagoas marginais no Pantanal, sustentando elevada diversidade e abundí­¢ncia.
Estimating Classroom Situations by Using CNN with Environmental Sound Spectrograms
Authors: Kitahashi Misaki ,   Kindai Universsity
3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan, Handa Hisashi
Published: March 2018

The Learning Analytics is a research area that seeks to understand learning processes by using the various computer science techniques. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of certain classroom situations, such as lecturings, performing exercises, and testing. These analyses do not directory apply to students; however, they are very useful for analyzing and interpreting students’ behaviors in the classroom. This is significant as students’ behaviors can affect very real changes in classroom situations. This paper employs the Convolutional Neural Networks to identify various classroom situations from the spectrograms of environmental sounds in the classroom. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed systems.
Impact of Readmissions in Episodic Care of Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Yeramaneni Samrat , Gum Jeffrey L. , Carreon Leah Y. , Klineberg Eric O. , Smith Justin S. , Jain Amit , Hostin Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Readmissions following adult spinal deformity surgical procedures frequently occur, placing a substantial burden on patients and providers. Existing literature on readmission costs, including reason-specific readmission costs, is limited. The purposes of this study were to determine the most expensive reasons for readmission, to assess the impact of reasons and timing on readmission costs, and to estimate the drivers of total costs associated with adult spinal deformity surgical procedures.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of 695 patients with adult spinal deformity (≥18 years of age) who underwent a corrective spine surgical procedure at a single center from 2005 to 2013. Demographic, surgical, and direct cost data expressed in 2010 dollars for the entire inpatient episode of care were obtained from the hospital administrative database. A multivariable linear regression model with a gamma distribution and log-link function was used to estimate the impact of reasons and timing on readmission costs and to identify the primary drivers of long-term costs.

Results:

The mean age (and standard deviation) of the patients was 50.6 ± 15.8 years, 589 patients (85%) were women, and 637 patients (92%) were Caucasian. The observed readmission rates were 24% overall (costing $10.1 million), 8.8% for 30 days (costing $3.2 million), and 11.7% for 90 days (costing $4.6 million). The most expensive readmissions and their mean readmission cost were pseudarthrosis ($92,755), infection ($75,172), and proximal junctional kyphosis ($66,713), after adjusting for patient and surgical factors. The mean readmission cost after 2 years was $86,081. Older age (p = 0.001), ≥8 levels fused (p = 0.01), and length of index stay at the hospital (p < 0.0001) were independently associated with higher total cost. Surgical procedures in patients with a thoracic-only curve (p = 0.004) or a double curve (p = 0.05) and a surgical approach that was anterior-only (p < 0.0001) or posterior-only (p = 0.01) were independently associated with lower total costs.

Conclusions:

Compared with readmission cost due to medical reasons, readmission due to pseudarthrosis increases mean readmission cost by 105%, readmission due to infection increases mean readmission cost by 72%, and readmission due to proximal junctional kyphosis increases mean readmission cost by 63%. Together, these 3 reasons accounted for 73% of readmission costs. This study identifies potential areas for cost reduction and opportunities for reducing readmission rates.

Clinical Relevance:

Although reducing the 30-day and 90-day readmission rates and costs are important; adult spinal deformity surgery is unique, because the most common and most expensive complications occur after 1 year. We believe that our paper is clinically relevant as it will help to guide clinical focus on the most impactful complications.
Early Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Trabecular Metal Total Ankle Replacement Using a Transfibular Approach
Authors: Barg Alexej , Bettin Clayton C. , Burstein Albert H. , Saltzman Charles L. , Gililland Jeremy
Published: March 2018

Background:

In the last 2 decades, total ankle replacement has gained greater acceptance as a treatment option in patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis. However, there is a lack of literature on total ankle replacement using a lateral transfibular approach. Therefore, we sought to report early clinical and radiographic results for a patient cohort treated with total ankle replacement using a lateral transfibular approach, performed by a single surgeon.

Methods:

From October 2012 to December 2014, 55 primary total ankle arthroplasties using the Zimmer Trabecular Metal Total Ankle implant were performed in 54 patients (29 male and 25 female; mean age, 67.0 years). Clinical assessment, including pain evaluation and measurement of ankle range of motion, was conducted preoperatively and at the latest follow-up. Weight-bearing radiographs were used to determine angular alignment of the tibial and talar components and to analyze the bone-implant interface. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, revision surgeries, and survivorship were evaluated.

Results:

Implant survival was 93% at 24 months of follow-up. There were 3 revisions of a tibial component due to aseptic loosening. In 10 of the 55 cases, a secondary procedure was performed during follow-up. The mean follow-up duration was 26.6 ± 4.2 months. No delayed union or nonunion was observed for fibular healing. The average visual analog scale (VAS) pain score decreased significantly, from 7.9 ± 1.3 to 0.8 ± 1.2. The average total range of motion increased significantly, from 22.9° ± 12.7° to 40.2° ± 11.8°.

Conclusions:

Early results of total ankle replacement using the Zimmer trabecular metal implant and the lateral transfibular approach demonstrated improved patient-reported outcomes and increased ankle motion at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. In the 55 consecutive cases, the fibular osteotomy required for access to the ankle healed without complications. Painful early loosening due to lack of osseous ingrowth required revision in 3 of 55 cases.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Denosumab May Increase the Risk of Local Recurrence in Patients with Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone Treated with Curettage
Authors: Errani Costantino , Tsukamoto Shinji , Leone Giulio , Righi Alberto , Akahane Manabu , Tanaka Yasuhito , Donati Davide Maria
Published: March 2018

Background:

Recent clinical studies have suggested that denosumab is associated with tumor response and reduced surgical morbidity in patients with giant-cell tumor of bone (GCTB). We therefore evaluated the recurrence-free survival rate of patients who had GCTB in an extremity and were treated with surgery and denosumab, to determine the influence of denosumab and clinical factors on the risk of local recurrence.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 408 patients treated for GCTB in an extremity in a single institution from 1990 through 2013. Two hundred and forty-seven patients underwent curettage (intralesional surgery) with a high-speed burr, and 161 underwent resection. Phenol adjuvant was used in 221 of the 247 patients who had curettage. We also reviewed the medical records of 30 patients treated surgically (25 with curettage and 5 with resection) and with denosumab from 2010 through 2013 and compared their clinical results with 378 historical control subjects. The overall minimum duration of follow-up was 24 months.

Results:

The local recurrence rates were 60% (15) of 25 patients treated with curettage and denosumab and 16% (36) of 222 patients treated with curettage alone. The joint preservation rates were 80% (20) of 25 patients treated with curettage and denosumab and 94% (209) of 222 patients treated with curettage alone. Univariate and multivariable analyses showed that denosumab was the only independent factor associated with a poor prognosis when recurrence-free survival and joint preservation were considered. The overall median duration of follow-up was 85.6 months (interquartile range, 54.3 to 125.1 months). Viable tumor was present in all 30 specimens from patients treated with denosumab.

Conclusions:

There was a higher rate of recurrence in the cohort exposed to denosumab. Because there were substantial differences in the cohorts and randomization was not applied, however, causation could not be evaluated.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Bone Tunnel and Cortical Surface Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Model of Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: Tan Hongbo , Wang Dean , Lebaschi Amir H. , Hutchinson Ian D. , Ying Liang , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott A. , Warren Russell F.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Many orthopaedic surgical procedures involve reattachment of a single tendon to bone. Whether tendon-to-bone healing is better facilitated by tendon fixation within a bone tunnel or on a cortical surface is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tendon-healing within a bone tunnel compared with that on the cortical surface in a rabbit model of biceps tenodesis.

Methods:

Thirty-two rabbits (24 weeks of age) underwent unilateral proximal biceps tenodesis with tendon fixation within a bone tunnel (BT group) or on the cortical surface (SA [surface attachment] group). Postoperatively, rabbits were allowed free-cage activity without immobilization. All rabbits were killed 8 weeks after surgery. Healing was assessed by biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histomorphometric analysis.

Results:

Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in mean failure loads (BT: 56.8 ± 28.8 N, SA: 55.8 ± 14.9 N; p = 0.92) or stiffness (BT: 26.3 ± 16.6 N/mm, SA: 32.3 ± 9.6 N/mm; p = 0.34). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in mean volume of newly formed bone (BT: 69.3 ± 13.9 mm3, SA: 65.5 ± 21.9 mm3; p = 0.70) or tissue mineral density of newly formed bone (BT: 721.4 ± 10.9 mg/cm3, SA: 698.6 ± 26.2 mg/cm3; p = 0.07). On average, newly formed bone within the tunnel represented only 5% of the total new bone formed in the BT specimens. Histological analysis demonstrated tendon-bone interdigitation and early fibrocartilaginous zone formation on the outer cortical surface in both groups. In contrast, minimal tendon-bone bonding was observed within the tunnel in the BT specimens.

Conclusions:

Tendon fixation in a bone tunnel and on the cortical surface resulted in similar healing profiles. For tendons placed within a bone tunnel, intratunnel healing was minimal compared with the healing outside the tunnel on the cortical surface.

Clinical Relevance:

The creation of large bone tunnels, which can lead to stress risers and increase the risk of fracture, may not be necessary for biceps tenodesis procedures.
Pengaruh Tinggi Tempat dan Tipe Tanaman Padi terhadap Keparahan Penyakit Hawar Pelepah
Authors: Nuryanto B. , Priyatmojo A. , Hadisutrisno B.
Published: March 2018

Sheath blight severity had been evaluated in the rice-producing centers of Central Java (along the road of Cilacap to Wonosobo) and Yogyakarta (along the road from Bantul to Sleman). Observations of the disease severity by survey method were conducted at farmers’ fields. The objects of the observation areas were organized in a split plot design with 5 replications. The main plots were the elevation levels, grouped into three strata: 1) 0-200m, 2) 200-500m, and 3) 500-700m above sea level; the subplots were rice varietal types, which were separated into: 1) short type many tillers, 2) tall type with few tillers. The results showed that environment elevations and plant types of rice varieties significantly affected the disease severity. Compared to the lowland (0-200m), the high elevation environment (500-700m) decreased the disease severity around 25% at both Central Java and Yogyakarta, while compared with the short type many tiller rice varieties, the use of tall type few tiller rice varieties decreased the disease severity of around 10% in Central Java and in Yogyakarta. Increasing soil conductivity of about 1 milly Siemens/cm caused decreasing in disease severity up to 32.9%. Every 1 scale soil pH increase, caused a decrease in disease severity up to 2.4%. Ambient temperature increased by 1 °C caused the disease severity by 4.0% and an increase of 1% relative humidity lead to an increase of disease severity by 2.3%. In general, increases of soil conductivity and soil pH caused a decrease in disease severity, while increases in temperature and relative humidity of the environment under rice plant canopy resulted in the increase of disease severity.
Penyaringan Cepat dan Toleransi Tanaman Jagung terhadap Intensitas Cahaya Rendah
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Suwarti Suwarti , Azrai M.
Published: March 2018

Maize cropping under plantation tree crop has a potential for increasing the national maize production. Environment under the tree crops has relatively low light intensity, which hinder the leaf photosynthesis. Therefore, research to identify maize genotypes tolerant to low light intensity was conducted. The research was carried out in three stages; stage-1 was to identify the most effective shading method to be used for the rapid screening, consisted of two treatments, namely: 87.5% and 99.9% light interception. Stage-2 was rapid screening of 160 maize genotypes at germination stage, under the dark room to select tolerance genotypes. The stage-3 was to study physiological mechanism of maize growth under low light intensity stress by planting nine tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The results showed that rapid screening of maize for tolerant to low light intensity stress can be done by growing newly germinating maize for 8 days in the dark room. Genotypes G02 x 7; CY 15 x MAL03; AP.1 x 1042-37; B11 x 265-A; MR12 x MAL04; MR14 x 270C; G02 x 5; AMB07 x CML161 and 1044-9 x 1027-11 were found to be tolerant to low light intensity stress. Growing maize seedling in the dark room had decreased chlorophyll content, carbohydrates and fat, however, the Nitrogen (N) content in the leaves increased. Tolerance genotypes response to low light intensity was indicated by decreasing chlorophyll, carbohydrates and fat content, as well as increasing Nitrogen content, much less than those of susceptible genotypes.
Perbanyakan Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) dan Ubi Kelapa (Dioscorea alata) Menggunakan Bibit Set Mini
Authors: Diantina Surya , Hutami Sri
Published: March 2018

Ubi kelapa and Gembili are potential sources of fungsional food, because of their high nutrition content. But their production and utilization in Indonesia remains lack behind, due to their low economic value, requiring long cultivation period and high number of tuber-seeds. Experiment was conducted to identify an efficient seed propagation method using miniset cutting. The experiment was carried out at Cikeumeuh ExperimentalStation, Bogor from December 2011 to January 2013. Tuber-seeds of ubi kelapa was divided into miniset cutting of two, six and eight cuttings. For gembili, tubers were cut into two, three and four miniset cuttings. The whole tuber was served as control. Cutting were germinated in polybag, after 30 days the plants were transferred to the field. Each treatment was replicated six times, with one mother tuber as an experimental unit. Plant derived from tuber without cutting produced 463 grams of ubi kelapa seed, while tuber cut into 8 miniset cutting produced 2,986 grams, where the number of tuber seeds were 3 times more than that without cutting. Gembili cut into 4 miniset cutting produced 315 grams of tuber seed with the number of tuber seed 6 times more than that without cutting. Using the miniset cutting could speed up the rate of propagation of both gembili and ubi kelapa seeds.
Pendugaan Parameter Genetik Populasi F3 dan F4 Tanaman Gandum Persilangan Oasis x HP1744
Authors: Yamin Mayasari , Efendi Darda , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas
Published: March 2018

The study was aimed to obtain the information on the genetic diversity on agronomic traits of wheat among the F3 and F4 generations, derived from crosses of Oasis x HP1744, planted at the highland and medium elevation. The second objective was to acquire the character for selection and to acquire the adaptable genotypes on the highland and on the plain medium elevation. Selection was carried out using Shuttle Breeding, where F3 generation was selected at the Experimental Station of Cipanas (1100 m asl) and F4 generation was selected at the plain medium elevation of Cisarua (600 m asl). The experiment used Augmented Designs. Genetic material consisted of 57 F3 pedigree families selected from the F2 generation of Oasis x HP1744 cross plus six check varieties. The F4 generation cinsisted 320 selected genotypes from the F3 generation plus six check varieties. Plant height, flag leaf area, percentage of empty florets per panicle, number of grains/panicle and grain weight/panicle of the F3 generation showed larger mid value than the two parents. In the F4 generation, flag leaf greenness, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, main panicle seed weight, number of seeds/panicle, seed weight/panicle, number of seeds/plant and seed weight/plant indicated the mean value larger than that of the Oasis. Plant height, number of productive tillers, days to flowering, maturity, spikelet number, and the total number of florets of the F4 generation showed higher heritability than that of F3 generation. Character suitable for indirect selection in the F3 was plant height, which indicated the best indirect differential selection. Potential families for further selection included: O/HP 21, O/HP 82, O/HP 12, O/HP 100 and O/HP 28. Characters most suitable for indirect selection in the F4 generation were: main panicle seed weight which indicated the best indirect differential selection. Genotypes potential for further selection in the medium elevation were O/HP82-19; O/HP82-15, O/HP78-5, O/HP49-30 and O/HP78-2.
La accesibilidad al medio audiovisual para personas sordas: Caso de estudio de TVE
Authors: Gómez Maciá María
Published: March 2018

Las personas con deficiencias auditivas continúan encontrándose con barreras que obstaculizan su acceso pleno a la televisión. Esto restringe el poder desarrollarse como ciudadano, con sus derechos y libertades, en una sociedad creada para ser escuchada. Existe una amplia legislación que ampara a los discapacitados en su derecho a consumir información como la Ley General Audiovisual, que establece unos parámetros de accesibilidad que las cadenas de televisión deben cumplir respecto a horas de subtitulado, lengua de signos y audiodescripción. El objeto de estudio de la presente investigación es descubrir el estado actual de las cadenas de televisión en accesibilidad, centrándose en el estudio de caso de Televisión Española, la principal cadena de carácter público. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio cuantitativo que refleja el porcentaje de programación subtitulada que TVE emite semanalmente, en dos de sus canales principales: La 1 y La 2. Y también un estudio cualitativo para analizar la calidad del subtitulado de la cadena. Dichos análisis han servido para obtener una visión global de las técnicas de accesibilidad empleadas en España, descubrir así las ventajas y carencias que actualmente posee el sistema y, sobre todo, ayudar a avanzar en el camino de la integración plena de las personas con discapacidad.
Los líderes políticos en la cobertura de las elecciones europeas de 2009
Authors:   Universidad San Jorge (USJ), Zugasti Azagra Ricardo , Lafuente Pérez Patricia ,   Universidad San Jorge (USJ)
Published: March 2018

Esta investigación presenta resultados acerca de los protagonistas políticos más relevantes de la cobertura informativa en prensa durante la campaña previa a las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo del 7 de junio de 2009. El método utilizado es un análisis de contenido cuantitativo aplicado a los dos principales rotativos nacionales, El País y El Mundo, durante los 15 días de duración de la campaña. Además de aportar datos sobre algunos aspectos formales de la cobertura, este artículo muestra la presencia de los líderes de los principales partidos en comparación con otros protagonistas políticos. Asimismo este estudio demuestra, a través del estudio de la aparición de los líderes políticos en la cobertura, que los comicios europeos no suscitaron interés por sí mismos, sino que, por el contrario, fueron abordados por los citados periódicos en clave nacional.
Monthly Levels and Criteria Considerations of Nutrient, pH, Alkalinity, and Ionic Variables in Runoff Containment Basins in Ornamental Plant Nurseries
Authors: Copes Warren E. , Ristvey Andrew , Richardson Patricia A. , Belayneh Bruk E. , Zhang Haibo , Lea-Cox John , Hong Chuanxue
Published: March 2018

Triplicate water samples were collected monthly from nine waterways [eight runoff containment basins (RCBs) and one stream] on four commercial ornamental plant nurseries from February to July, and from one RCB and nursery from April to October. Four RCBs, one per nursery, were actively used as an irrigation water source. Analysis was done for 18 water quality variables, including ammonium–nitrogen (NH4+–N), nitrate–nitrogen (NO3−–N), ortho phosphate–phosphorus (PO4–P), total-phosphorus (T-P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), aluminum (Al), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), pH, total alkalinity (T-Alk), electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium (Na). The degree and rate of monthly change varied considerably between RCBs. Macronutrients generally increased at most nurseries in 1–2 months after fertilizer application particularly in three RCBs (MD21, VA11, and VA12), with levels of N- and P forms exceeding preferred criteria for irrigation water by June and July in VA11 and VA12. Micronutrients fluctuated less but did vary per RCB with the most monthly change occurring in MD21. Even though pH fluctuated, pH tended to remain alkaline or neutral to acidic respective of the RCB during the entire sample period. T-Alk tended to increase over the summer. EC primarily fluctuated in RCBs with high macronutrient levels. Although levels of N- and P forms were mostly suitable by irrigation water criteria, they were frequently above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) nutrient criteria for promoting healthy water environments of lakes and reservoirs, and are discussed.
Flowering Dogwood Infections with Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Mmbaga Margaret T. , Mackasmiel Lucas A. , Mrema Frank A.
Published: March 2018

Macrophomina phaseolina was isolated from the crown region and roots of mature flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) trees in the landscape and nursery plantings. Although this pathogen has been reported in Cornus species, its occurrence and impact on C. florida has not been reported. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on dogwood seedlings, and all inoculated seedlings developed root necrotic lesions and no small lateral roots, whereas the non-inoculated control seedlings remained disease-free and developed numerous small roots. Seedlings inoculated with M. phaseolina exhibited numerous microsclerotia, but non-inoculated seedlings did not. In greenhouse experiments, plants inoculated on the stems near the soil line developed brown canker-like lesions and swellings around the inoculated area. These were not observed on non-inoculated plants.
Impact of Temperature on Autumn- and Spring-initiated Inflorescence Systems within a Biennial Pruning System of Protea ‘Pink Ice’ Cut Flowers
Authors: Louw Eugenie-Lien , Hoffman Eleanor W. , Theron Karen I. , Midgley Stephanie J.E.
Published: March 2018

The potential impact of increasing temperatures driven by climate change on cultivated Protea cut flower production systems is not known. This study used a biennial pruning system in Protea ‘Pink Ice’ to track the physiological and reproductive responses in comparable phenological stages, but exposed to different seasonally determined temperature conditions. Protea ‘Pink Ice’ generally initiates inflorescences terminally on the spring flush. A limited number of shoots can initiate inflorescences on the preceding autumn flush, leading to an advanced harvesting time compared with that of the spring-initiated inflorescences. In a commercial Protea orchard in Hopefield, South Africa, gas exchange, carbohydrate availability, and vegetative and reproductive growth were compared between the two shoot types in the context of seasonal temperature differences. Leaves of shoots, which initiated inflorescences on the autumn flush, generally had higher light-saturated net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation capacities in autumn (April–May) and spring (October–November). There is evidence of a requirement of minimum shoot diameter of 7.6 mm (four- or five-flush shoot), as measured directly above the intercalation between the terminal (uppermost mature flush) and subterminal flush, when the subsequent flush was at budbreak stage during April (autumn) and at least five flushes to be required for floral initiation in Protea ‘Pink Ice’. Spring-initiated inflorescences had a shorter developmental period (4 months) than that of autumn-initiated inflorescences (7 months) and developed into significantly smaller (width) inflorescences with a lower width and dry weight at harvest. These inflorescences were harvested on average a month later compared with autumn-initiated inflorescences. The ambient temperature during inflorescence development played a significant role in the inflorescence growth rate, affecting the time required from visible inflorescence detection to harvest. At the calculated optimum base temperature of 9 °C, autumn-initiated inflorescences required 41,010 growing degree hours (GDH), whereas spring-initiated inflorescences required 35,872 GDH from initiation to anthesis. Under future warmer growing conditions, anticipated decreased size and dry weight of inflorescences may reduce marketability and income for Protea producers.
Pruning of Manchurian Crabapple for Management of Speck Rot and Sphaeropsis Rot in Apple
Authors: Sikdar Parama , Willett Mike , Mazzola Mark
Published: March 2018

Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens are fungal pathogens that cause postharvest speck rot and Sphaeropsis rot, respectively, in apple. Under quarantine regulations established by the Chinese government, export of apple from Washington State to China was banned between 2012 and 2014 because of detection of these pathogens in apple shipments. Previous studies established that pycnidia of P. washingtonensis and S. pyriputrescens survive in twig cankers on manchurian crabapple which serves as a dominant pollinizer in the Washington State apple industry. These pycnidia serve as a primary source of inoculum for infection of apple fruit in the orchard. The objective of this research was to conduct a study at multiple locations in Washington State to determine the efficacy of implementing manchurian crabapple pruning as a method to control speck rot and Sphaeropsis rot in storage. Four commercial orchards at geographically distant locations in Washington State were selected in 2014 and three in 2015. In 2014, two treatments included preharvest pruning of manchurian crabapple and postharvest application of pyrimethanil and untreated control. In 2015, preharvest pruning alone (PO) of manchurian crabapple was included in addition to the two treatments examined in 2014. Pruning conducted in concert with postharvest fungicide treatment significantly reduced the incidence of speck rot and Sphaeropsis rot in storage during the initial experimental field season. During year 2, both the PO and pruning with postharvest fungicide application controlled fruit rot with no significant difference between the two treatments. Findings from this study will be instrumental for the control of these postharvest diseases and maintenance of international market access for fruit from the Pacific Northwest.
Biochar Alters the Root Systems of Large Crabgrass
Authors: Mitchell Karen , French Elizabeth , Beckerman Janna , Iyer-Pascuzzi Anjali , Volenec Jeff , Gibson Kevin
Published: March 2018

Soil incorporation of biochar appears to increase plant growth in some environments. However, the effect of biochar on root system architecture (RSA) or on weeds is not well understood. Our objective was to examine the effect of biochar on the growth and RSA of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.), a common and problematic weed. Plants were grown in rhizoboxes filled with field soil ± either a low-nutrient biochar (LNB) or a high-nutrient biochar (HNB). Rhizoboxes were either filled uniformly with field soil ± biochar (solid) or with + biochar and − biochar-amended field soil so that each occupied half of the rhizobox (split). Large crabgrass biomass and RSA were affected by biochar type in the solid design rhizoboxes and large crabgrass roots proliferated in biochar-amended soil in the split rhizoboxes, regardless of biochar type. This study provides evidence that plant roots can detect and grow toward biochar and suggests that the addition of biochar to soils may increase the ability of large crabgrass to spread vegetatively.
Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid Improves Flowering in Kalanchoë
Authors: Coelho Lívia Lopes , Fkiara Amalia , Mackenzie Kathryn Kuligowska , Müller Renate , Lütken Henrik
Published: March 2018

Kalanchoë is an economically important genus comprising numerous potted plants and recently is also emerging as cut flowers. However, the lack of information about flower-inducing factors limits the number of species that can be used in commercial production and breeding programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) on flower induction and flowering quality of Kalanchoë longiflora and Kalanchoë pinnata. The experiment was conducted under a short day (SD) photoperiod with a day temperature of 22 °C and a night temperature of 15 °C for 8 weeks. The treatments consisted of four applications of either 0.25 or 0.50 μg of GA3 per plant per week, providing a total of 100 μg or 200 μg/plant and 0 μg/plant for the control. The volume of 100 μL of GA3 solution containing 1% agarose was applied to the shoot apex using a pipette. For both species, flowering was enhanced by the GA3 treatments compared with the control plants. Gibberellin-treated plants flowered earlier, produced more inflorescences, and exhibited an increased number of flowers compared with the control plants. Moreover, the GA3 treatments in K. longiflora delayed the appearance of wilted flowers. Plant height increased in plants that received GA3, but the number of nodes did not differ from the control plants. Thus, we conclude that the application of GA3 improves flowering of Kalanchoë species and can be a useful tool for the production of cut flower cultivars.
Application of double filtration with activated carbon for the removal of phenols in drinking water treatment processes
Authors: Fuentes-López Lina , Amézquita-Marroquín Claudia , Barba-Ho Luz Edith , Cruz-Vélez Camilo Hernán , Torres-Lozada Patricia
Published: March 2018

The primary source of the discharge of phenols into the environment is industrial activity, such as the production of pharmaceuticals, plastics, and pesticides, being the majority discharged into surface water sources, reaching concentrations around 0.001 to 0.400 mg/L. These compounds are considered a priority contaminant due to their toxicity to aquatic life and effects on human health. The presence of phenols even at low concentrations generates flavour and odour in drinking water. Due to the molecular stability and solubility of phenols in water, their removal by conventional water treatment methods is inefficient. However, adsorption with granular activated carbon (GAC), after conventional filtration with sand and anthracite, is an efficient technique for the reduction of organic compounds such as phenols. This paper studied the effect of applying double filtration to the reduction of phenols present in the filtered water of a conventional drinking water treatment plant, using two types of GAC (vegetable and mineral) and three GAC:Sand configurations (100:00; 00:100; 50:50). The configurations with GAC showed an efficient reduction of turbidity, organic matter indicator variables (UV254 absorbance and total organic carbon) and phenols, the mineral GAC being the most efficient GAC.
Temporal and spatial variations of the Arctic sea ice (1997–2016)
Authors: Wang Xingdong , Wu Zhankai
Published: March 2018

Based on the SSM/I data from 1997 to 2016, the temporal and spatial variations of Arctic sea ice are studied from sea ice areas, sea ice margin zone and sea ice concentration. The results show that the sea ice areas for 20 years (1997–2016) are reduced at a speed of 0.0594 × 106 km2 per year, and the sea ice margin zone is reduced at a speed of 0.03 × 106 km2. From 1997 to 2006, the sea ice areas and margin zone show the same downward trend, which decreased by 0.062 × 106 km2 and 0.064 × 106 km2 per year, respectively. From 2007 to 2016, the sea ice areas and margin zone show an obvious fluctuation, which decreased by 0.027 × 106 km2 and 0.019 × 106 km2 per year, respectively. In the first ten years, the sea ice concentration (90–100%) is about 40%, and it is only about 20% in the second ten years, and the decrease is particularly obvious.
The antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in tap waters in London
Authors: Destiani R. , Templeton M. R.
Published: March 2018

This study assessed the occurrence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in tap water sampled across London, United Kingdom. Sampling was conducted seasonally from nine locations spread geographically across the city. ARBs and ARGs (tet(A), dfrA7, and sul1) were detected in all sampling locations in all sampling rounds. Resistance to trimethoprim was the highest among the tested antibiotics and the sul1 gene was the most abundant resistance gene detected. Several opportunistic pathogens were identified amongst the ARBs in the water samples, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Immobilization of Bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Possibilities for Application in Food Biopreservation
Authors: Tumbarski Yulian , Lante Anna , Krastanov Albert
Published: March 2018

Bacteriocins are biologically active compounds produced by a large number of bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which exhibit antimicrobial activity against various saprophytic and pathogenic microorganisms. In recent decades, bacteriocins are increasingly becoming more important in different branches of the industry due to their broad antibacterial and antifungal spectrum - in the food industry for natural food preservation and expiry date extension; in the health sector for preparation of probiotic foods and beverages; in the clinical practice as alternatives of conventional antibiotics; in the agriculture as biocontrol agents of plant pathogens and alternatives of chemical pesticides for plant protection. The broad antimicrobial spectrum of bacteriocins has stimulated the research attention on their application mainly in the food industry as natural preservatives. Most scientific achievements concerning the application food biopreservation are related to bacteriocins produced by LAB. The lactic acid bacteria bacteriocins can be produced in the food substrate during its natural fermentation or can be added in the food products after obtaining byin vitrofermentations under optimal physical and chemical conditions. Moreover, the immobilization of LAB bacteriocins on different matrices of organic and inorganic origin has been proposed as an advanced approach in the natural food preservation for their specific antimicrobial activity, anti-biofilm properties and potential use as tools for pathogen detection.
Vivid Memory of �When� a Happy Event Happened is Associated with Mental Well-being: A Natural Language Processing Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ito Kaoru , Shibata Daisaku , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Overgenerality or specificity of autobiographical memory is associated with psychological disorders such as major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug addiction. Current methods to measure overgenerality rely upon researchers’ subjective judgment, although automatic tools can measure other language-based scores for psychological disorder screening.

OBJECTIVE

This study was conducted to detect time-specific expressions, an aspect of specificity, in an episode.

METHODS

We analyzed 7000 episodes reported by 1000 participants via crowdsourcing, using Japanese language parsers to extract time-related expressions. Each participant wrote seven episodes according to seven emotional stimulus words. Three participant groups were made according to their WHO-5 well-being index score. The high well-being score (WB) group and low-WB group were examined to assess time expression usage (high-WB group; WB ≥ 60, n = 367, mean WB = 70.6, std = 10.5: low-WB group; WB ≤ 40, n = 378, mean WB = 27.5, std = 11.4).

RESULTS

Two-sided Fisher’s exact test revealed that happy episodes with detailed time expressions are significantly more numerous in the high-WB group than in the low-WB group (P = .001), but no significant difference was found for any other pair.

CONCLUSIONS

Results show that vivid memories about a happy event are associated with mental well-being.