bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horizontal versus vertical charge and energy transfer in hybrid assemblies of semiconductor nanoparticles
Authors: Gotesman Gilad , Guliamov Rahamim , Naaman Ron
Published: September 2012

We studied the photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence from self-assembled bilayers of donor and acceptor nanoparticles (NPs) adsorbed on a quartz substrate through organic linkers. Charge and energy transfer processes within the assemblies were investigated as a function of the length of the dithiolated linker (DT) between the donors and acceptors. We found an unusual linker-length-dependency in the emission of the donors. This dependency may be explained by charge and energy transfer processes in the vertical direction (from the donors to the acceptors) that depend strongly on charge transfer processes occurring in the horizontal plane (within the monolayer of the acceptor), namely, parallel to the substrate.
Temporizing Management of Pediatric Femur Fractures Using J-splints
Authors: Daniels Alan H. , Kane Patrick M. , Eberson Craig P. , Born Christopher T.
Published: September 2012

This article describes a novel splinting technique for the temporizing management of pediatric femur fractures. The J-splint is a reliable, simple, and rapidly applied splint that prevents many of the complications and pitfalls of other described temporizing measures, such as skeletal traction, skin traction, traction splinting, and posterior splinting. This technique of J-splinting femur fractures has low morbidity and provides many advantages in the temporizing management of pediatric femur fractures.
Potential of Placenta-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Seed Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering: Preliminary Study of Osteoblastic Differentiation and Immunogenicity
Authors: Zhong Zhi-Nian , Zhu Shao-Fang , Yuan Ai-Dong , Lu Guo-Hui , He Zheng-Yan , Fa Zhi-Qiang , Li Wen-Hu
Published: September 2012

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from a variety of human tissues (eg, bone marrow, peripheral blood, muscle, fat, umbilical blood, amniotic fluid, embryonic tissues, and placenta). Placenta-derived MSCs (PDMSCs) have received considerable interest because of their wide availability and absence of ethical concerns. The authors characterized the biological properties, ultrastructure, growth factor production, and osteoblastic differentiation of PDMSCs and investigated their potential as seed cells for bone tissue engineering.
Fracture of an Osteochondroma of the Femoral Neck Caused by Impingement Against the Ischium
Authors: Kanauchi Taira , Suganuma Jun , Kawasaki Toshiki , Mochizuki Ryuta , Inoue Yutaka , Uchikawa Shinichi , Kitamura Kazuya , Honda Akio
Published: September 2012

This article describes 2 cases of osteochondroma emanating from the posterior aspect of the femoral neck with a fracture at the base of its stalk caused by impingement between the tumor and the ischium.

A 44-year-old man and a 57-year-old man presented with left hip pain. Radiographs revealed a mass at the posterior aspect of the femoral neck. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the mass was fractured at the stalk. The relationship between the tumor and the ischium was examined with an image intensifier. The tumor impinged on the ischium with slight flexion and external rotation of the hip joint. In both patients, the tumor was excised, and the pathological report was osteochondroma. At follow-up, the patients had full hip joint range of motion, and lateral radiographs of the left hip joint showed complete resection of the tumor without recurrence.

To the authors’ knowledge, the current cases are the first reports of fracture of an osteochondroma with confirmed impingement using an image intensifier pre- and intraoperatively. Both patients had histories of restricted hip range of motion and a sudden onset of pain. After excision, the patients recovered to activities of daily living with no complications. An osteochondroma at the posterior aspect of the femoral neck can impinge on the ischium and fracture at its base with a sudden onset of pain. Awareness of this mechanism of impingement may lead to a better understanding of patient symptoms caused by osteochondroma of the femoral neck.
Social Interactions in Online Gaming
Authors: Griffiths Mark , Hussain Zaheer , Grüsser Sabine M. , Thalemann Ralf , Cole Helena , Davies Mark N.O. , Chappell Darren
Published: September 2012

This paper briefly overviews five studies examining massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). The first study surveyed 540 gamers and showed that the social aspects of the game were the most important factor for many gamers. The second study explored the social interactions of 912 MMORPG players and showed they created strong friendships and emotional relationships. A third study examined the effect of online socializing in the lives of 119 online gamers. Significantly more male gamers than female gamers said that they found it easier to converse online than offline, and 57% of gamers had engaged in gender swapping. A fourth study surveyed 7,069 gamers and found that 12% of gamers fulfilled at least three diagnostic criteria of addiction. Finally, an interview study of 71 gamers explored attitudes, experiences, and feelings about online gaming. They provided detailed descriptions of personal problems that had arisen due to playing MMORPGs.
Managing the Cloud for Information Systems Agility
Authors: Yang Haibo , Huff Sid L. , Tate Mary
Published: September 2012

Change is endemic in modern business competition. In an age of globalization, with the rapid development of Internet technologies, changes occur at a much faster pace, and are also more unpredictable. Being agile in a turbulent environment has been ranked highly by executives in surveys of business issues conducted in past five years. Today nearly all organizations rely on information systems (IS) to operate. Agility in IS is critical in achieving overall agility in business. However, despite the interest from the practitioner community, IS agility (sometimes termed IT agility) in academia has received limited recognition and represents an under-researched area. The recent adoption of cloud computing services has presented a major change in the way IS are delivered, in the hope of creating more agile and responsive IS. However, whether or not cloud computing, as promised by the providers, increases IS agility, is still unclear. This research aims at providing a conceptualization of IS agility based on research to date, and examining how cloud computing might facilitate such agility. Based on a literature review, cloud computing services (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) are analyzed against multiple aspects of IS agility. Only IaaS is found to have the potential providing consistent agility, whereas agility at PaaS and SaaS levels is more determined by human/organization factors. Lastly, suggestions for businesses and directions to future research are proposed.
Cell Phone Use Leads to Brain Tumors
Authors: Lou Lai Lei , Yan Zheng
Published: September 2012

Wide concerns have been raised that the use of cell phones could increase brain tumors. This paper systematically reviews the scientific evidence regarding the associations between cell phone use and brain tumors. The authors’ review suggests two conclusions. First, it is still controversial in regard with the significant associations between cell phone use and increased risk of brain tumors. Second, there exists extensive evidence that the amount of exposure to cell phone radiation plays a key role in determining the significant associations between cell phone use and gliomas, acoustic neuroma, and meningiomas. In general, those who use cell phones for more than ten years, using cell phones more than 20 minutes per day, or cumulative call time for more than 700 hours, or RF-EMF absorption for more than 3000 joules/kg have higher risks to develop brain tumors, whereas those who use cell phones for less than one year have lower risks.
Effects of Mobile Devices and Text Messages
Authors: Yaros Ronald A.
Published: September 2012

This collection of four studies was one of the first to explore an emerging model for mobile learning (Sharples et al., 2007; Taylor et al., 2006). Students in two introductory journalism courses, open to all majors, used either a tablet (N = 44) or a smaller smartphone/iPod (N = 31) to complete assignments. Goals included assessment of the value of rehearsed production of mobile content, graded field assignments, and performance on a mobile quiz with or without optional course-related text messages prior to the quiz. Results indicated consistent support for the value of rehearsing mobile skills and statistically significant higher quiz scores for those receiving guiding text messages. A post semester survey administered to 11 blended courses using or not using mobile devices (N = 459) revealed significantly higher ratings from mobile users for perceived course efficiency, access to course content, intention to take future blended courses, and overall satisfaction.
An ANP-Based Model for an Effective Green Supply Chain Management
Authors: De Felice Fabio , Petrillo Antonella , Gnoni Maria Grazia
Published: September 2012

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has becoming an imperative issue for several supply chains (SCs) due to environmental burdens defined by international legislation and to increasing costs of such a resource. The present paper proposes a decision support system aiming to evaluate more effective GSCM strategies. Thus, environmental performance of the whole supply chain, and consequently of each supplier involved, must be compared in a standardized and quantitative way. Thus, the proposed approach integrates index methods for Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) in developing a multi-criteria model based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique. The integration overcomes criticalities of the two models. The approach has been validated in a real case study concerning the glass windscreen production supply chain.
Research Framework for Analyzing the Relationship Between Greening of Suppliers and Green Innovation on Firms’ Performance
Authors: Chan H. K. , Chiou T.-Y. , Lettice F.
Published: September 2012

In recent years, environmental performance has become part of a company’s strategic value. This is partly attributed by the recent regulatory development in this area. For example the WEEE and RoHS directives were enforced by the European Union to require manufacturers to take recycling (and reuse) and selection of material into design consideration. These initiatives exemplify the importance of green supply chain management. Although companies can make use of green supply chain management to create a competitive advantage by generating more business opportunities, improper management of their supply chain activities in this regard may affect the ability to survival. Greening the suppliers is one of the many approaches to “green” a supply chain. In addition, green innovation can help companies pursue green supply chain management and hence improve environmental performance, as product design and process design are important aspects of any supply chains. Nevertheless, a need exists to develop a model to investigate the relationship between these factors (namely, greening of suppliers, green innovation, environmental performance and competitive advantage). The objective of this paper is to develop a research framework for investigating how future research can address these issues. Hypotheses, constructs, and their measures of the model are discussed.
Optimizing Procurement Decisions in Networked Virtual Enterprises
Authors: Motro Amihai , Brodsky Alexander , Egge Nathan , D’Atri Alessandro
Published: September 2012

A virtual enterprise is an ad hoc coalition of independent business entities who collaborate on the manufacturing of complex products in a networked environment. This collaboration is enabled by the concept of a transaction, a mechanism with which members acquire necessary components from other members. An external procurement request submitted to the enterprise launches a tree-structured series of transactions among its members (similar to supply chains). Each such transaction is associated with a purchase price, but also with a risk of failure. That members have the option to procure components from different co-members, each charging its individual price and posing its specific risk, raises challenging optimization problems related to the fulfillment of business objectives. This paper defines a transaction model for virtual enterprises, with formal concepts such as price, risk, and business objectives. The Decision Guidance Query Language (DGQL) is presented, a language for modeling and solving optimization problems in a database setting, and shows how DGQL can provide intuitive and efficient solutions to the optimization problems raised in the model. The model, the optimization programs, and the experimentation promote strong collaboration and common objectives among its members, and one in which collaboration is limited, with members retaining much of their autonomy and individual objectives.
A Study of Help Requested Online by Spreadsheet Users
Authors: Chambers Chris , Sommers Zachary , Scaffidi Christopher
Published: September 2012

The software used by organizations can have a substantial effect on employees’ productivity. One of the dominant kinds of software in the workplace today is the spreadsheet, which has proven useful for performing numeric computations as well as for organizing, manipulating, and visualizing data. The authors present an analysis of the problems reported online by users of different spreadsheet editors, in order to guide the selection and enhancement of those editors. They’ve found that most requests for help were related to operations that the authors refer to as “foundational,” such as with configuring the editor and setting up real-world problems in the form of spreadsheets, rather than with using particular formulas or features. They have identified a number of key similarities and differences in questions about different spreadsheet editors and versions of Excel, ultimately leading to several challenging opportunities for future research.
‘Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?’ (Juvenal Satires:§345) (Who guards [nurtures] the guardians?): Developing a constructivist approach to learning about ministerial and spiritual formation
Authors: Duncan Graham A.
Published: September 2012

The main purpose of this exercise was to develop an improved model of ministerial and spiritual formation in the training of ministers in the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa at the University of Pretoria. This is a perennial problem in many churches where there is a general dissatisfaction with the products, (i.e. ministers) not only in terms of personal spirituality but in their inability to minister effectively in the many diverse situations to which they are called or appointed. The exercise of power becomes an issue in a vocation which is premised on servant ministry and so Juvenal’s quotation is apt as it is expressed as ‘Who can be trusted with authority/power?’.
An Observational Study of Material Durability of Three World Health Organization–Recommended Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Eastern Chad
Authors: Allan Richard , O'Reilly Laura , Gilbos Valery , Kilian Albert
Published: September 2012

A total of 876 nets (229 Interceptor®, 363 Olyset®, and 284 PermaNet®) were collected 14 months post-distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) from 811 households of internally displaced and host communities in Dar Sila District in eastern Chad to examine their physical condition. Holes were recorded by using three hole categories (average diameter = 2, 3.5, and 15 cm) and a Proportionate Hole Index (pHI). A total of 69.5% were in poor or very poor condition. There was no significant difference in the performance between the polyester 75 denier LLINs, but they had 4.22 times the odds of having a pHI ≥ 175 (poor or very poor condition) than polyethylene 150 denier LLINs; and 39.2% were unserviceable (pHI ≥ 300) compared with only 7.7% of the polyethylene LLINs. These results provide the first comparative data on LLIN material durability to guide procurement and replacement practice, and to inform urgently needed changes in LLIN international minimum specifications and product standards.
New Ultrastructural Analysis of the Invasive Apparatus of the Plasmodium Ookinete
Authors: Patra Kailash P. , Vinetz Joseph M.
Published: September 2012

Invasion of the mosquito midgut by the Plasmodium ookinete determines the success of transmission of malaria parasites from humans to mosquitoes and therefore, is a potential target for molecular intervention. Here, we show higher-resolution ultrastructural details of developing and mature P. gallinaceum ookinetes than previously available. Improved fixation and processing methods yielded substantially improved transmission electron micrographs of ookinetes, particularly with regard to visualization of subcellular secretory and other organelles. These new images provide new insights into the synthesis and function of vital invasive machinery focused on the following features: apical membrane protrusions presumptively used for attachment and protein secretion, dark spherical bodies at the apical end of the mature ookinete, and the presence of a dense array of micronemes apposed to microtubules at the apical end of the ookinete involved in constitutive secretion. This work advances understanding of the molecular and cellular details of the Plasmodium ookinete and provides the basis of future, more detailed mechanistic experimentation on the biology of the Plasmodium ookinete.
Maternal Anemia at First Antenatal Visit: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Malaria-Endemic Area in Benin
Authors: Ouédraogo Smaïla , Koura Ghislain K. , Accrombessi Manfred M. K. , Bodeau-Livinec Florence , Massougbodji Achille , Cot Michel
Published: September 2012

The risk factors for maternal anemia (hemoglobin level less than 110 g/L) were studied in human immunodeficiency virus–negative pregnant women in Benin at the time of first antenatal visit and prior to any prevention. Data for the first 1,005 pregnant women included in a multicentre randomized controlled trial were analyzed. Anemia was common (68.3%), and malaria and helminth infestations were prevalent in 15.2% and 11.1% of the women. A total of 33.3%, 31.3% and 3.6% of the women were iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 deficient, respectively. These parasitic infections and nutrient deficiencies were associated with a high risk of anemia. Twenty-one percent, 15%, 12%, 11% and 7% of anemia were attributable to malnutrition, malaria, iron, folic acid deficiencies, and helminth infestations, respectively. Most anemia was caused by factors that could be prevented by available tools, stressing the need to reinforce their implementation and to evaluate their effectiveness throughout the course of the pregnancy.
Natural Leishmania Infection of Lutzomyia auraensis in Madre de Dios, Peru, Detected by a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer–Based Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Valdivia Hugo O. , De Los Santos Maxy B. , Fernandez Roberto , Baldeviano G. Christian , Zorrilla Victor O. , Vera Hubert , Lucas Carmen M. , Edgel Kimberly A. , Lescano Andrés G. , Mundal Kirk D. , Graf Paul C. F.
Published: September 2012

Leishmania species of the Viannia subgenus are responsible for most cases of New World tegumentary leishmaniasis. However, little is known about the vectors involved in disease transmission in the Amazon regions of Peru. We used a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess Leishmania infections in phlebotomines collected in rural areas of Madre de Dios, Peru. A total of 1,299 non-blood fed female sand flies from 33 species were captured by using miniature CDC light traps. Lutzomyia auraensis was the most abundant species (63%) in this area. Seven of 164 pools were positive by PCR for Leishmania by kinetoplast DNA. The real-time PCR identified four Lu. auraensis pools as positive for L. (Viannia) lainsoni and L. (V.) braziliensis. The minimum infection prevalence for Lu. auraensis was estimated to be 0.6% (95% confidence interval = 0.20–1.42%). Further studies are needed to assess the importance of Lu. auraensis in the transmission of New World tegumentary leishmaniasis in hyperendemic areas of Peru.
Reductions in Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Consumption after the Nationwide Scale up of Routine Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Testing in Zambia
Authors: Yukich Joshua O. , Bennett Adam , Albertini Audrey , Incardona Sandra , Moonga Hawela , Chisha Zunda , Hamainza Busiku , Miller John M. , Keating Joseph , Eisele Thomas P. , Bell David
Published: September 2012

The National Malaria Control Center of Zambia introduced rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to detect Plasmodium falciparum as a pilot in some districts in 2005 and 2006; scale up at a national level was achieved in 2009. Data on RDT use, drug consumption, and diagnostic results were collected in three Zambian health districts to determine the impact RDTs had on malaria case management over the period 2004–2009. Reductions were seen in malaria diagnosis and antimalarial drug prescription (66.1 treatments per facility-month (95% confidence interval [CI] = 44.7–87.4) versus 26.6 treatments per facility-month (95% CI = 11.8–41.4)) pre- and post-RDT introduction. Results varied between districts, with significant reductions in low transmission areas but none in high areas. Rapid diagnostic tests may contribute to rationalization of treatment of febrile illness and reduce antimalarial drug consumption in Africa; however, their impact may be greater in lower transmission areas. National scale data will be necessary to confirm these findings.
Predictors of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Incidence in Chano Mille, South Ethiopia: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Loha Eskindir , Lindtjørn Bernt
Published: September 2012

We assessed potential effects of local meteorological and environmental conditions, indoor residual spraying with insecticides, insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) use at individual and community levels, and individual factors on Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence in a village in south Ethiopia. A cohort of 8,121 people was followed for 101 weeks with active and passive surveillance. Among 317 microscopically confirmed P. falciparum malaria episodes, 29.3% occurred among temporary residents. The incidence density was 3.6/10,000 person-weeks of observation. We observed higher malaria incidence among males, children 5–14 years of age, ITNs non-users, the poor, and people who lived closer to vector breeding places. Rainfall increased and indoor residual spraying with Deltamethrin reduced falciparum incidence. Although ITNs prevented falciparum malaria for the users, we did not find that free mass ITNs distribution reduced falciparum malaria on a village level.
The Positive Influence of State Agricultural Marketing Programs on Adults' Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Howlett Elizabeth A. , Burton Scot , Newman Christopher L. , Faupel Michel A.
Published: September 2012

Purpose.

To assess whether state-sponsored agricultural marketing programs had a positive influence on adult consumers' fruit and vegetable consumption.

Design.

Differences in fruit and vegetable consumption between 2000 and 2005 in states that initiated marketing campaigns during this period and those that did not were examined.

Subjects.

A representative sample (n = 237,320) of adults aged 18 and older from states with and without marketing programs was used. The study used data from the 2000 and 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Measures.

The number of fruit and vegetable servings per week and the percentage of respondents consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day were examined.

Analysis.

Between-subjects analysis of variance and logistic regression.

Results.

In the absence of a marketing campaign, there was a significant decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption between 2000 and 2005. In states with campaigns, consumption remained stable or increased. Marketing effects were stronger for women than for men.

Conclusions.

State-sponsored agricultural marketing programs had favorable effects on consumers' consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Apparent oliguria following urological surgery
Authors: Murray JS , Wijewickrama ES , Haslam P , Kanagasundaram NS
Published: September 2012

Oliguria is a common feature of acute kidney injury (AKI), but should be interpreted in the context of other biochemical markers when diagnosing and monitoring AKI or considering the need for renal support. We report an unusual case of apparent severe oliguria arising as a result of complex urological pathology and discuss how an understanding of creatinine kinetics raised suspicions of an alternative diagnosis. We discuss the problems caused by an over-reliance on urine output or serum creatinine alone when diagnosing and staging AKI and highlight the need for a more holistic approach.
Public health aspects of tuberculosis
Authors: Blatchford O , Cameron JC
Published: September 2012

This article covers public health aspects of the investigation and management of people who are infected with tuberculosis (TB). It contains a brief overview of the recent epidemiology of TB in Scotland, focusing on changes in Scottish TB incidence and describing some epidemiological associations. We then describe the initial public health assessment of those with suspected TB and responses that should be initiated. It does not address issues relating to the clinical treatment of patients with TB.
Dr James Barry (1789–1865): the Edinburgh years
Authors: Preez HM du
Published: September 2012

Dr James Barry, a surgeon in the British Army from 1813 until his retirement in 1859, became famous after his death following the revelation that he was in fact a woman who had masqueraded as a man for no less than 56 years. This paper reviews Margaret Bulkley’s student years at the University of Edinburgh from the time of her adoption of the identity of the youth calling himself James Barry. The deception was perpetrated in order to obtain a medical degree and the three year MD curriculum was completed without discovery. Few facts are known about these years (1809–1812) and the work of Lisa Rosner has been invaluable as a source of prosopographical information to apply to our knowledge of James Barry’s experiences during his time at Edinburgh. Contemporary letters and an Army document also assist in developing this unique and extraordinary story, revealing much that was previously unknown as well as some data, which in earlier work were incorrectly reported.
Ultrasonography: The Main Diagnostic Tool in Subfertile Women
Authors: Domali Ekaterini , Kyriakopoulos Konstantinos , Antsaklis Aris
Published: September 2012

The diagnostic assisted reproductive technology (ART) workup includes ultrasonography, hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laparoscopy where appropriate. Ultrasound represents the mainly used imaging modality for assessing the female genital tract. Recent developments, i.e. the introduction in the daily praxis of hydrosonography, elastography and the use of contrast media, enhanced by the application of three-dimensional (3D) and fourdimensional (4D) software produce images of high resolution. All these offer the possibility of multiplanar approach and create fast techniques that result in specific and detailed reports. The comparably short period of training for the medical doctors could transform the ultrasonography in the leading diagnostic tool even in nonexperienced hands. It is noteworthy, that in suspicion of malignancy, patients should be referred to more experienced teams.

How to cite this article

Domali E, Kyriakopoulos K, Antsaklis A. Ultrasonography: The Main Diagnostic Tool in Subfertile Women. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):270-285.
Assessment of liquefaction potential index for Mumbai city
Authors: Dixit J. , Dewaikar D. M. , Jangid R. S.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Mumbai city is the financial capital of India and is fifth most densely populated city in the world. Seismic soil liquefaction is evaluated for Mumbai city in terms of the factors of safety against liquefaction (FS) along the depths of soil profiles for different earthquakes with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 yr using standard penetration test (SPT)-based simplified empirical procedure. This liquefaction potential is evaluated at 142 representative sites in the city using the borehole records from standard penetration tests. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) is evaluated at each borehole location from the obtained factors of safety (FS) to predict the potential of liquefaction to cause damage at the surface level at the site of interest. Spatial distribution of soil liquefaction potential is presented in the form of contour maps of LPI values. As the majority of the sites in the city are of reclaimed land, the vulnerability of liquefaction is observed to be very high at many places.
Decisions Based on Synthesis Documents Information of the ABC (Activity-Based Costing) Method
Authors: Cokins Gary , Capusneanu Sorinel , Barbu Cristian Marian
Published: September 2012

This article presents the synthesis documents specific to the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method, based on their definition, composition and typology. The article describes the defining elements of the synthesis documents in their capacity of instruments for measuring and monitoring the performance of an entity and the role of these instruments in the formation of a "general dashboard". The dashboard allows visualization of overall trends tracked by the entity and helps managers in making appropriate decisions. The article ends with the authors' conclusions about the benefits of these synthesis documents, specifically to the ABC method, in their use as the main source for correct and timely management decisions.
Determinants of the Components of IPO Initial Returns: Paris Stock Exchange
Authors: Mezhoud Mediha , Boubaker Adel
Published: September 2012

This study examines a sample of 143 French companies placed on the stock market over the period 2006-2010. Our cross-sectional analysis shows that it is essential to separate the initial return into pre-market deliberate underpricing and aftermarket overpricing. Our work contradicts, in part, previous studies in that the initial returns established, during the listing period, can explain not only IPO underpricing, but also overpricing. In other words, the listing price reflects the private information collected during the process of going public and, partially, public information (stock market behaviour) known at the time of the offer.
Bone Grafting and Two-Stage Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Buttaro Martin A.
Published: September 2012

Periprosthetic deep infection in combination with substantial bone loss is one of the most challenging situations in revision hip surgery. We believe the effective management of these patients requires infection control as well as bone reconstruction. A review of our previously published studies on antibiotic loaded bone allografts is presented in this paper. These investigations provided us with information on the use of bone allografts in combination with antibiotics in cases of previous infection. Our protocol is based on removal of implants, meticulous debridement, parenteral antibiotic therapy and a second-stage reconstruction with vancomycin-supplemented bone allografts to treat an infected hip arthroplasty. We observed that vancomycin does not affect bone allograft incorporation at concentrations that are 300 times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We also obtained adequate pharmacokinetics using these composites, with high local levels without renal impairment. This method has the capacity of acetabular and femoral bone stock restoration, with sound fixation and without increasing the rate of reinfection.
The Cult of the Monstrous:
Authors: Cheng Sandra
Published: September 2012

Caricature emerged as a pictorial genre in early modern Italy and became a potent form of social satire practiced by the period's foremost draftsmen, including the Carracci and Guercino. The deformed and misshapen subjects of caricature drawings coincided with a fascination with monstrosity. Monsters, aberrations, and anomalies reflected a cultural appreciation for the curious. The monster that slowly took shape in scientific literature was first alluded to in comparative physiognomic texts that related human to beast, then made brief appearances in the discourse on medical conditions, and finally became the primary focus of specialty publications. The attention given to physical aberrance led to the birth of teratology, the medical study of abnormal development, and the subsequent publication of several well-known monster histories by Fortunio Liceti and Ulisse Aldrovandi. This essay considers the rise of the monstrous by examining several trends in contemporary scientific discourse: the vogue for comparative physiognomy, the investigation of anatomical abnormalities, the rise of monster literature, and the transmission of monstrosity in popular culture. Scholars have long explored the use of anatomical studies by Renaissance artists. The essay expands on this research to suggest that artists were aware of medical advances that investigated the conditions of healthy as well as diseased bodies. Liceti's and Aldrovandi's histories demonstrate a change in the status of the monster—from freak omen to marvelous creature of nature—revealing the naturalization of the beast in the sciences. Lastly, monster phenomena were disseminated beyond the elite science of scholarly Latin publications through a variety of media, including pamphlets and broadsides in the vernacular. These publications were rich with visual material that begs comparison with caricature drawings.
The Soul, Evil Spirits, and the Undead:
Authors: Epstein Saul , Libby Robinson Sara
Published: September 2012

When discussing Jewish burial laws, Radbaz, a sixteenth-century rabbi, quotes a story about a dead woman possessed by a vampire-like demon, causing hundreds of deaths. The story attributes the woman's transformation to the fact that her corpse had remained unburied for three days—violating statutes that require standing vigil over a dead body and then burying it as soon as possible. While this story conforms to the well-known tropes of epidemiology and social marginalization found in the scholarship of vampire folklore, it also underscores the importance of adhering to Jewish burial laws, and stresses society's collective responsibility in caring for all people.
Role of Angiopoietin/Tie2 in Critical Illness: Promising Biomarker, Disease Mediator, and Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Lukasz Alexander , Kümpers Philipp , David Sascha
Published: September 2012

Critical illness is a descriptive, broad term for a serious clinical condition that can result from enormously heterogeneous etiologies. A common end feature these patients regularly suffer from is the so-called multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), often a consequence of organ hypoperfusion and ischemia, coagulopathies, overwhelming inflammatory responses, immune paralysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, endothelial injury and particularly microvascular leakage is a major step in the pathophysiology of MODS and contributes to its mortality. The angiopoietin (Angpt)/Tie2 system consists of the endothelial tyrosine kinase Tie2 and its 4 circulating ligands (Angpt1-4). The balance between the agonistic ligand “Angpt-1" and the antagonistic one “Angpt-2" regulates baseline endothelial barrier function and its response to injury and is therefore considered a gatekeeper of endothelial activation. This paper provides a systematic overview of the Angpt/Tie2 system with respect to (1) its role as a global biomarker of endothelial activation in critical ill patients, (2) its contribution to MODS pathophysiology as a disease mediator, and last but not least (3) putative therapeutic applications to modify the activation state of Tie2 in mice and men.
L’État, la « houle blanche » et le grand capital. L’aliénation des ressources hydrauliques du domaines public québécois au début du XX e siècle
Authors: Bellavance Claude
Published: September 2012

Nous livrons ici les résultats d'une étude portant sur la gestion des ressources hydrauliques du domaine public québécois depuis la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu'aux années 1940, période déterminante pendant laquelle furent concédées la majeure partie des ressources hydroélectriques du Québec méridional. Il ressort notamment de l'enquête que le laissez- faire qui caractérise la politique de l'État québécois jusque vers 1910, combiné à l'insuffisance des données alors disponibles, auraient tout d'abord entraîné un développement déséquilibré des potentiels énergétiques. La réforme du régime d'aliénation de la ressource hydrique, puis la création d'un organisme gouvernemental chargé d'en dresser l'inventaire, représentent autant de tentatives pour corriger la situation. L'étude conclut que l'impact négatif du laxisme inital de l'État devait se répercuter sur plusieurs décennies et que la montée en force des réseaux régionaux, au cours des années 1920, a favorisé la rationalisation des conditions d'exploitation des potentiels, tout en consacrant l'appropriation de la res- source par des intérêts privés, de même que le caractère désormais hautement monopoliste de l'industrie de l'électricité.
Dynamique de l’implantation des services de garde à l’enfance dans la région urbaine de Moncton, 1990-2001
Authors: Cao Huhua , Roy Vincent , Lacombe Sylvain
Published: September 2012

Grâce à son emplacement géographique, Moncton a été le centre ferroviaire des Provinces maritimes pendant presque un siècle et est devenu, à partir des années soixante, un important centre de distribution et de services. Aujourd’hui, Moncton joue un rôle remarquable dans le développement des Maritimes en tant que centre important de télécommunications et de technologies de pointe. De plus, c’est la ville canadienne qui présente la plus forte concentration d’Acadiens. Depuis 1994, à la suite des réformes politiques du gouvernement du Nouveau-Brunswick concernant les services de garde à l’enfance, la survie de ces services dépend complètement des fluctuations de l’offre et de la demande. Les données des Services à la petite enfance de la région de Moncton indiquent que, depuis ce changement, sur la centaine de garderies agréées existantes, 10 % ferment leurs portes chaque année, alors que 20 % s’ajoutent à la liste. Dans ce contexte, à l’aide d’un système d’information géographique (SIG), nous avons cherché à dresser un portrait global de la dynamique de l’implantation des garderies au cours de la période 1990-2001.
« Elles sont partout… »
Authors: Fahrni Magda
Published: September 2012

Cet article se penche sur les épidémies d’influenza de 1918 et (dans une moindre mesure) 1920, afin d’explorer les rapports entre les femmes montréalaises et la ville. À court terme, l’épidémie de 1918 fit de certains espaces publics des espaces dangereux ou interdits. Paradoxalement, elle engendra chez de nombreuses femmes de nouvelles connaissances de la ville ; elle leur permit de connaître la ville autrement. Nous examinons d’abord les efforts des infirmières, des religieuses et des bénévoles pour soigner les malades et les mourants. Nous démontrons que ces efforts ont donné à certaines Montréalaises un rôle dans la ville qui était non seulement « public », mais aussi publiquement reconnu. Leur travail fut doté d’une importance civique ; ces femmes étaient partie prenante dans la ville et dans la santé civique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinons les intrusions des « visiteurs », et surtout des « visiteuses », dans les maisons privées pendant l’épidémie, ainsi que leurs rapports avec les femmes qui y vivaient. Nous proposons que ces visites ont produit des connaissances inédites de la ville et surtout de ses domiciles et quartiers ouvriers. L’article se termine avec un « épilogue » qui considère quelques-unes des conséquences de ce moment singulier dans l’histoire de Montréal.
Spatialité vécue, dite et (inter)agie par des adolescents dans un quartier péricentral en mutation1
Authors: Trimaille Cyril
Published: September 2012

La présente recherche a pour objet la socialisation langagière d’adolescents urbains majoritairement issus de l’immigration. De nombreuses interactions montrent que, parmi les facteurs qui jouent un rôle dans l’accession au statut social de pair, et de certains traits langagiers, la spatialité vécue semble tenir une place non négligeable. De plus, les sujets identifiés comme leaders paraissent avoir une fonction d’affirmation et de représentation (presque au sens diplomatique du terme) d’espaces territorialisés qui ne correspondent forcément pas aux catégorisations exogènes, qu’elles soient administratives, journalistiques ou profanes. Je tenterai de déterminer dans quelle mesure et comment la constitution de territoire(s) et d’espaces de référence, leur investissement différentiel ainsi que les catégorisations et attributions qui y sont associées, participent, parallèlement aux pratiques langagières, des processus de construction et d’affirmation identitaires.
Longinus, Sappho’s Ode, and the Question of Sublimity
Authors: Cochran Peter
Published: September 2012

De prime abord, cet article peut sembler porter sur les attitudes à l’endroit de l’autorité des anciens, mais il porte en fait sur l’ironie du ton et sur la difficulté qu’on peut avoir à la déceler, même quand le locuteur ou l’écrivain est un de nos proches. Dans Don Juan, chant premier, strophe 42, par exemple, Byron écrit : « je ne crois pas que l’ode de Sapho soit d’un bon exemple, quoique Longin prétende qu’il n’est point d’hymne où le sublime prenne un essor plus élevé . . .1 », suite à quoi il cite des passages du pseudo-Longin auquel il fait référence. Dans les marges de l’épreuve, J. C. Hobhouse le corrige — ou du moins il tente de le faire — en proposant une autre interprétation de ce qu’entend Longin, différente de celle que communique la strophe de Byron. Dans les marges de la même épreuve, Byron réagit « robustement » comme il avait parfois l’habitude de le faire et refuse d’apporter les modifications proposées.

Dans cet article, j’examinerai les deux attitudes qu’illustre le micro-argument entre Hobhouse et Byron à l’égard de l’autorité classique, et je verrai ce qu’on peut en déduire sur la difficulté qu’avaient les tout premiers lecteurs de Don Juan à cerner le ton de Byron et son attitude à l’égard de l’autorité et au précédent. Ce faisant, j’espère nous donner une idée de ce qu’aurait pu signifier le terme « sublime » pour (1) Byron avant Don Juan, (2) Byron à l’ère de Don Juan, et (3) un lecteur conservateur comme Hobhouse (qui représente le lecteur averti moyen vers 1819). J’examinerai également ce qu’aurait pu être la signification de l’Ode de Sapho pour chacun de ces deux hommes, et je me demanderai si la nature même de l’ode a une incidence sur notre perception de ce qu’entend Byron en parlant du « Sublime ».
Byron in 1816 and the Intertextual Sublime
Authors: Riley Terrance
Published: September 2012

« Churchill’s Grave »  et « Monody on the Death of Sheridan »  sont les premiers textes à indiquer que Byron commençait à songer sérieusement aux aspects métaphysiques de l’identité de l’auteur. L’immortalité ambiguë qui s’attache au nom d’un poète, un thème mineur ayant toujours subi un traitement conventionnel, devient un thème majeur pendant les huit dernières années de la vie de Byron. « Churchill’s Grave »  et les autres écrits de 1816 surtout témoignent d’une plus grande sensibilité à la textualité du poème. Aussi « personnels » ou passionnés qu’auraient pu être ces textes dans la vie naturelle de l’auteur, tous les écrits publics glissent immédiatement vers une sphère intertextuelle dans laquelle l’identité naturelle devient un marqueur sans vie, un « nom » assujetti à d’innombrables appropriations et réappropriations. Les deux poèmes ont formé le style qu’adoptera Byron par la suite puis la façon dont il abordera la célébrité et la notoriété.
L’homme des bois d’Anticosti
Authors: Brisson Geneviève
Published: September 2012

L’histoire culturelle symbolique de nos relations à la nature se lit à travers les conceptions sociales de la forêt québécoise. Notamment, elle se saisit par la problématique de ce que représente ce milieu dans notre culture et en décelant les conséquences sociales de ces représentations. Même si la nature ne peut se penser sans la culture, le clivage épistémologique entre les deux reste profondément ancré dans notre imaginaire, entraînant enjeux et tensions entre les acteurs sociaux. Ici, l’étude des perceptions du guide de chasse à l’île d’Anticosti amène à explorer cette division et les conséquences sociales qui en découlent. Cette analyse se fonde sur un corpus de récits d’expériences vécues à Anticosti écrits par des Nord-Américains de différentes époques. Ce corpus est complété par des enquêtes ethnographiques auprès des habitants d’Anticosti et des guides de chasse et de pêche. Différentes figures thématiques permettent de cerner comment ils participent de ce clivage nature/culture. Les discours présentent le guide tour à tour comme un homme naturel, un nouveau sauvage, un personnage pittoresque, un chasseur de gibiers peu prestigieux, un subalterne et un médiateur permettant aux touristes de retrouver leur authenticité. Ces thèmes soulèvent aussi les conséquences de ces représentations quant au statut du guide de chasse, qui occupe toujours une place secondaire. Ils mettent également en lumière le fait que la vision romantique de la forêt ne questionne pas la construction sociale d’une dualité entre la nature et la culture. Les mouvements de conservation de la nature ne remettent donc pas suffisamment en question la place secondaire accordée aux pratiques et aux expériences des guides et des autres habitants du territoire ; encore trop peu d’importance reste accordée aux savoirs locaux et aux différentes relations avec le milieu.
Le français louisianais hors de l'Acadiana
Authors: Picone Michael D.
Published: September 2012

De manière générale, les entretiens effectués dans la périphérie de l'Acadiana semblent renforcer la notion qu'un nivellement linguistique a eu lieu dans la région. Pourtant, concernant la variation entre les pronoms interrogatifs inanimés qui et quoi, les données provenant de la paroisse des Natchitoches pourraient suggérer également que le français dit « cadien » correspond en fait à un français populaire dont l'aire linguistique, dès l'origine, dépassait les limites de l'étendue géographique traditionnellement associée à la population acadienne, mettant ainsi en cause, du moins en partie, la notion de nivellement. Par ailleurs, certaines données provenant de la Grande-Île et des Plaquemines suggèrent que le français de prestige associé à l'apogée de la société plantocratique laisse encore des traces.
L’autobiographie transgressive : la traversée dans La re-production de Mpoyi-Buatu
Authors: Chiwengo Ngwarsungu
Published: September 2012

Les écrivains congolais ne se sont intéressés seulement récemment à la violence de l’histoire coloniale congolaise. La Re-production de Thomas Mpoyi-Buatu s’inscrit dans cet effort de narrativiser l’histoire traumatique congolaise. Le roman de Mpoyi-Buatu revendique la création d’une nouvelle société morale qui pourra briser le cycle douloureux de la violence. Cette nouvelle société n’est possible qu’à travers le rejet du mimétisme et du conformisme. Ce livre récuse toute forme de conformisme empêchant l’autonomie individuelle. La transmutation à réaliser n’est possible, selon l'auteur, qu’à travers des mouvements transversaux qui permettent la création d’un nouvel espace et qui libère l’individu du territoire subjectif modulant les subjectivités des individus selon les intérêts du pouvoir dominant. Ces mouvements transversaux s’effectuent à travers les genres, les styles, les traditions littéraires, et les transgressions sexuelles.