bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La introducción sistemática en el diccionario especializado
Authors: Niño Amo Marta , Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A.
Published: November 2018

Este artículo tiene dos objetivos fundamentales. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo una reflexión teórica sobre el diccionario especializado y su construcción. Dicha reflexión sitúa el artículo en el marco teórico de la Teoría Funcional de la Lexicografía que, entre otras cosas, defiende que los diccionarios especializados son herramientas construidas para solucionar problemas puntuales de información en diferentes situaciones de uso, por ejemplo, situaciones comunicativas (traducción) o cognitivas (estudio y reflexión). En segundo lugar, se ponen en práctica algunas de la reflexiones teóricas anteriores explicando los pasos llevados a cabo para construir una introducción sistemática que va a ser incluida en el Diccionario español de contabilidad como componente lexicográfico necesario para explicar las características conceptuales de un campo del saber a semiexpertos y legos y para ilustrar algunos de los usos lingüísticos de los términos del campo. Por razones de espacio nos centraremos en el componente conceptual o enciclopédico del diccionario lo que, entre otras cosas, nos obliga a precisar los fundamentos de la contabilidad, su caracterización como lenguaje de especialidad y la relación de la introducción sistemática con el listado principal del diccionario.
Rodríguez, Félix (2017): Gran diccionario de anglicismos, Madrid, Arco/Libros, 1.142 pp., ISBN 978-84-7635-955-6.
Authors: Battaner Arias Paz
Published: November 2018

Reseña de Rodríguez, Félix (2017): Gran diccionario de anglicismos, Madrid, Arco/Libros, 1.142 pp., ISBN 978-84-7635-955-6.
The effect of context on sensory accumulation involved in decision-making
Authors: Caya-Bissonnette Léa
Published: November 2018

The underlying processes allowing for decision-making has been a question of interest for many neuroscientists. The lateral intraparietal cortex, or LIP, was shown to accumulate context and sensory information to compute a decision variable. The following review will present the work of Kumano, Suda and Uka who studied the link between context and sensory information during decision-making. To do so, a monkey was trained to associate the color of a fixating dot to one of two tasks. The tasks consisted in either indicating the motion or the depth of themajority of the dots on a screen. The local field potential of the LIP neurons was recorded, and the researchers found a role of context during the stimulus presentation in regards to decision formation. The results have important implication for mental disorders involving malfunction in decision processes.
Prognostic factors following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zakaria Hazem M. , Mohamed Anwar , Alsebaey Ayman , Omar Hazem , ELazab Dina , Gaballa Nahla K.
Published: November 2018

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) had a poor prognosis and surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment. The aim of the study was to identify the outcome and risk factors affecting survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC.Methods: The patients who underwent PD for PDAC from 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively studied. Cox regression test for multivariate analysis was used for evaluation of prognostic factors for survival.Results: Ninety-four patients underwent PD for PDAC, 20 patients (21.3%) had major postoperative complications. The perioperative mortality was 4.3%. The 1-, 3-, and 5-years survival rates were 74.5%, 38.7%, 23.4, respectively. In univariate analysis the risk factors for survival were; presence of co-morbidity (P=0.03), high preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 > 400U/ml (P=0.02), advanced tumor stage (P=0.03), large tumor diameter >3cm (P=0.01), poorly differentiated tumor (P= 0.02), involved resection margin (P=0.04), and positive lymph nodes in pathology after surgery (P=0.03). In multivariate analysis the independent risk factors for survival were; high preoperative CA 19-9 (P=0.042), tumor size >3cm (P=0.038), poorly differentiated tumor in histopathology (P=0.045).Conclusions: High tumor marker CA19-9, tumor size, and grade are significant risk factors for poor survival after resection of PDAC and should be taken into account in the selection of patients for surgery to improve the outcome.
Using intravenous acetaminophen in the reduction of opioids in spinal cord surgeries by patient-controlled analgesia
Authors: Nourouzi Vadoud , Mohammadian Ali , Isazadehfar Khatereh , Rasouli Sona
Published: November 2018

Background: Proper management of postoperative pain results in improved quality of patient's' life, early postoperative recovery, reduced hospitalization period and decreased treatment costs. Regarding significant efficacy and higher pain relief functions, opioids are amongst the best pain relief drugs. However, use of theses narcotics as pain killers is somehow controversial. Current study investigated the effects of IV acetaminophen in reduced use of opioids in surgeries of spinal cord by PCA method.Methods: Current double blinded clinical trial study performed upon 86 patients of 20-70 years of age who candidate for spinal CD implant with ASA class I or II. Patients randomly divided into two groups of IV Acetaminophen therapy (N=43) and placebo group (N=43) and each group were put equally under general anesthesia in which both received pain pump containing Fentanyl during recovery. Patients were examined regarding pain score, amount of opioid use and request for extra narcotics and the related complications including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, allergy, gastrointestinal bleeding and Ileus every 6 hours for 24 hours and the obtained results were recorded.Results: Regarding VAS, pain was significantly lower during 24 hours of study in IV Acetaminophen group (p<0.05). Mean use of opioid via pain pump was significantly lower in IV Acetaminophen group compared with placebo group (p=0.00). Request for extra doses of narcotics was higher in placebo group while regarding demand for extra pain relief, there was no significant difference between both groups. Regarding other results, no significant difference observed between both study groups.Conclusions: Results of the study indicated that use of a combination of IV acetaminophen along with opioids would be much more effective than use of narcotics alone in postoperative pain control of CD implant surgery of spinal cord and that leads to lower pain score and decreased use of opioids and its related complications.
Comparison of the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in different age groups
Authors: Borekoglu Ali , Aridogan Ibrahim Atilla , Deger Mutlu , Karsli Onur , Izol Volkan
Published: November 2018

Background: Evaluation of feasibility, safety and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in different age groups.Methods: Between July 1997-October 2012, 233 patients who were 65 years old and older were included in this study. These patients were divided into two age subgroups used in gerontology research. Group 1 was defined as patients 65-74 years old, Group 2 was older than 74 years old. Data from patient records, including demographic characteristics, preoperative evaluation, operative details, and complications were retrospectively analyzed and compared with control group data.Results: The mean age of 233 patients was 69.7±4.6 years. The mean operative times for Group 1, group 2 and the control group were 76.2±47.3mins, 92.9±47.6mins, 77±44mins, respectively and there was no statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 and the control group (p>0.05). Twenty-eight of the 233 patients (12%) needed blood transfusion due to perioperative bleeding. The transfusion rates of groups 1 and 2 were 11.3% and 16.7%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups and control group for blood transfusion rates (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in complications between the study and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: In geriatric patients, stone-free rates, transfusion rates and other operation parameters are similar to younger populations when experienced surgeons perform PCNL. Despite comorbidities and decreased body reserve, PCNL can be performed without a significant increase in complications in different ages.
Prevalence of perforated appendicitis and its determinants in pediatric appendicitis patients admitted in tertiary care centre, South India: a cross sectional study
Authors: S. Chandrashekar , M. G. Lokesh , S. R. Avinash
Published: November 2018

Background: Appendicitis remains a common indication for urgent surgical intervention in pediatric age group. Acute appendicitis has the highest incidence during the second decade of life. When the diagnosis is performed, perforation could be already present in 30%-75% of children, with young children being at higher risk. The challenge for the practitioner is to perform a timely diagnosis of acute appendicitis in first years of life before complications occur.Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted with sample size of 108. The patients diagnosed and operated for acute appendicitis using Alvarado score were correlated with intra operative findings.Results: Total 108 patients with median age of 11 (IQR 9–13) years, were included in the study in which 66% were male. Overall 18% (95% CI 11%-25%) had perforated appendix and 5% (95% CI 2%-11%) had appendicitis with abscess. Male gender, patients presenting with fever, guarding, rigidity and patients presenting 48 hours after developing symptoms, had higher chance of perforation. Mean count of WBC (17000 v/s 11000) and neutrophils (75% v/s 68%) were found to be higher in patients with perforated appendicitis.Conclusions: One-fifth of the pediatric appendicitis patients presenting in tertiary care patients had perforated appendicitis.
Surveillance of surgical site infections after cholecystectomy
Authors: Makadia Jay M. , Vasava Manoj A.
Published: November 2018

Background: The objective of present study is find out various patient factor including demographic data as well as operative data on occurrence of surgical site infection in patients of cholecyctectomy.Methods: A Prospective observational study of 273 patients of cholecystitis undergoing cholecystectomies for Surveillance of surgical site infections was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at the SSG hospital and Medical College Baroda during a period from 1st December 2013 to 30th November 2015. All patients operated for cholecystectomy are included irrespective of technique. Data collected from each patient were: Case start date and time, case end date and time, discharge date & time, case length, postoperative length of stay in hospital, patients characteristics (age, sex, ASA score), operative characteristics like, pathological diagnosis report of specimen, microorganism isolated based on culture report and antibiotic resistance pattern from infected wounds, antibiotic prophylaxis given perioperatively and antibiotics administered to treat SSI`s, intra operative spillage and bleeding, date of infection, urgent/elective procedure.Results: During the period of 24 months total 273 patient were undergone cholecystectomy out of which 12 (4.3%) patients were developed SSI. SSI rate is affected by various factors which are statistically significant are sex of patients, age, type of procedure, ASA score >3.Conclusions: The overall incidence of SSIs in the present study was 4.3%. The rates of SSI were more in patient with higher age, with male sex, emergency procedure and higher ASA score.
An approach to diagnosis and management of diabetic foot in rural medical college
Authors: C. S. Hanumanthaiah , Kumar V. Sharath , Gowda Suhas N.
Published: November 2018

Background: India has the dubious distinction of becoming the diabetic capital of the world within the next few years; with its attendant complications it is going to burden the resources of the country. A majority of diabetic patients develop foot ulcers in one point of time or other during the course of their illness. A significant number of such patients will require long-term hospital treatment and amputations. Objective is to assess the predisposing factor and various modes of clinical presentation and management of Diabetic foot ulcer.Methods: An observational and prospective Hospital based Study was conducted at AIMS, B G Nagara, Bellur Cross from January 2018 to June 2018. A total of 40 patients with Diabetes Mellitus and suffering from diabetic foot ulcer admitted in the department of surgery were included in the study.Results: The mean age was 61+ 13.9 years. The male constituted nearly 26 (65%) and 14 (35%) females. Nearly 31(78%) of the cases had some of the predisposing factors for the diabetic ulcer of the foot The involvement of peripheral Vascular Disease was seen in 6 (16%) of the cases and 9(22%) had. The levels of HbA1C more than 7 mg % was seen in nearly 82 % of the case showing poor glycaemic control.Conclusions: Diabetic patients have always suffered from complications affecting the lower limbs. Foot infection and the subsequent amputation of a lower extremity are the most common cause of hospitalization among diabetic patients.
Digital Native(ness), Mobile Technologies and Language Proficiency in Underdeveloped Countries
Authors: Uwizeyimana Valentin
Published: November 2018

Various studies have elaborated on the concept of ‘digital native(ness)’, i.e. (an identity of) the generation of students who were born during the digital technology era, i.e. from the 1980s onwards (Prensky 2001). Those studies claim that digital natives have been exposed to modern technologies, and thus are familiar with using them in their everyday activities (Dang 2013; Jacobson & Turner 2010). Those studies do not go beyond the access to and the general use of technologies. They ignore the fact that the ability to use technologies for personal purposes does not represent the ability to use them for educational and other specialized purposes (Stockwell & Hubbard 2013:4). Furthermore, there is a gap in terms of technological devices and geographical locations which were considered by those studies (Burston 2014; Thinyane 2010; Brown & Czerniewicz 2010). In these regards, by using a proficiency test and a survey with 60 digital natives from an underdeveloped country, this study investigated the effect of mobile technologies in language learning (MTLL) on English proficiency. In terms of English proficiency, this study found no significant difference among the participants, although some of them were making use of MTLL whereas others were not. With the fact that MTLL have the potential to improve the language proficiency (Park & Slater 2014; Alotaibi, Alamer & Al-Khalifa 2015; Stockwell & Liu 2015), this article recommends how teachers should provide guidance and assistance to the learners in order to benefit from modern technologies.
Промышленно-образовательные кластеры и их роль в формировании экономики нового типа
Authors: Корякина Татьяна Валерьевна
Published: November 2018

Работа посвящена проблематики формирования промышленно-образовательного кластера как механизма координации параметров спроса и предложения на региональных рынках труда, а также их роли в формировании экономики нового типа. Показано, именно за счет государственной инициативы возможно осуществить реиндустриализацию отечественной экономики при параллельном решении проблем формирования промышленного потенциала страны и его кадрового обеспечения.
К вопросу об эффективности форм предпринимательской деятельности в АПК
Authors: Отинова Марина Евгеньевна , Гаврилова Зоя Вадимовна
Published: November 2018

Актуальность проведенного научного исследования определяется необходимостью определения результативности и перспективности раз-личных форм предпринимательской деятельности в АПК для выработки обоснованных научно-практических рекомендаций, включающих предложения активизации использования собственных возможностей предпринимательских организаций различных форм, которые будут способствовать эффективному функционированию предпринимательства в АПК на основе инновационного развития и построения долгосрочных взаимовыгодных отношений с государственными органами власти и местными сообщества. Целью данной научной работы является оценка эффективности функционирования различных форм предпринимательской деятельности в АПК и разработка на этой основе основных направлений взаимодействия предпринимательских структур. В ходе исследования были использованы следующие методы: монографический, абстрактно-логический, приемы статистической сводки и группировки, расчетно-конструктивный. В исследовании представлен ретроспективный анализ развития различных форм предпринимательской деятельности в России, который позволил определить тенденции развития современного предпринимательства и выделены перспективные направления взаимодействия крупных и малых форм предпринимательской деятельности.
Прогноз и реальность: нефтегазовый комплекс Иркутской области
Authors: Богомолова Евгения Юрьевна , Новиков Александр Викторович
Published: November 2018

Несмотря на большое количество работ, посвященных исследованию проблем развития отечественного нефтегазового комплекса, региональная специфика добычи и реализации нефти и газа отражена в значительно меньшей степени. Аналитики делают основной упор на исследование, как мирового, так и отечественного нефтяного и газового комплекса. В данных работах представлены материалы о запасах нефти и газа, объемах их добычи, переработки и реализации, а также направлениях транспортировки углеводородных ресурсов. Однако рассмотренные работы затрагивают региональные особенности функционирования нефтегазового комплекса незначительно. В представленной статье авторы попытались устранить данный пробел путем анализа нефтегазового комплекса на примере одного из перспективных регионов России по добыче нефти и газа — Иркутской области.
В настоящей статье представлен анализ некоторых существующих прогнозов развития нефтегазового комплекса Иркутской области, дана их критическая оценка, представлен сравнительный анализ прогнозов развития НГК Иркутской области с фактическими данными, а также даны прогнозы на краткосрочную перспективу.
Особенности применения индикативного подхода к оценке эффективности поддержки субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства со стороны органов государственной власти (на примере Республики Татарстан)
Authors: Прыгунова Мария Игоревна , Никифорова Эльвира Гумаровна
Published: November 2018

В период распространения кризисных явлений в экономике России особое значение приобретает существование и развитие малого и среднего бизнеса, который осуществляет весомые социально-экономические функции. В статье рассмотрена система поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства (далее - МСП) в Республике Татарстан. Проанализирована Подпрограмма «Развитие малого и среднего предпринимательства в Республике Татарстан» за два периода: прошедший 2014 – 2016 и планируемый 2018 - 2020 годы. Анализ проведен с точки зрения планируемых и достигнутых результатов по данным официальной статистики Республики Татарстан за 2017 год. Представлены основные характеристики МСП в Республике Татарстан с 2013 по 2017 годы. Выявлены основные органы, осуществляющие поддержку МСП в Республике Татарстан. Описаны причины сокращения количества индивидуальных предпринимателей в Республике Татарстан.
Промышленная политика и проектное управление в контексте импортозамещения: необходимость новой реиндустриализации
Authors: Дробот Елена Валерьевна , Макаров Иван Николаевич , Колесников Виктор Викторович
Published: November 2018

В статье определены основные проблемы развития в отраслях промышленности России; выделены недостатки проектного управления на государственном и муниципальном уровне. Авторы рассматривают характерные черты реализации проектного управления в органах исполнительной власти.
Представлены авторские рекомендации по формированию единой системы проектного управления.
Первая находка гриба Diaporthe phaseolorum на подсолнечнике в России
Authors: Гомжина М. М. , Ганнибал Ф. Б.
Published: November 2018

Грибы рода Diaporthe широко распространены по всему миру, многие виды являются патогенами экономически значи-мых культур, в том числе и подсолнечника. Традиционно идентификацию видов Diaporthe осуществляли по морфологическим, морфолого-культуральным признакам и связи с питающим растением. Достоверную идентификацию до уровня вида представителей этого рода на настоящий момент рекомендуется осуществлять, основываясь на изучении молекулярно-генетических признаков. Комплексное изучение видов Diaporthe в России с применением методов молекулярной филогении не проводилось.

Представленная работа посвящена идентификации изолята Diaporthe sp., выделенного из подсолнечника, собранно-го в Краснодарском крае. Согласно полученным результатам изучения молекулярно-генетических (нуклеотидные последовательности области внутренних транскрибируемых спейсеров рибосомальной ДНК, генов β-тубулина и фактора элонгации трансляции-1α) и морфологических признаков, изолят MF 16-010 был идентифицирован как вид Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. На территории России этот изолят является первой достоверной находкой данного вида на подсолнечнике. В результате искусственной инокуляции было показано, что изолят MF 16-010 является для подсолнечника патогенным.
El derecho administrativo tradicional en el Estado postmoderno: globalización, buena administración y supranacionalidad. (El caso OCDE-Colombia)
Authors: Campanelli Espindola María José
Published: November 2018

La globalización y otros acontecimientos socioeconómicos ocurridos en las últimas décadas derivaron en el surgimiento de nuevos estándares para la Administración, por fuera de las fronteras tradicionales del derecho. De este modo, las crecientes relaciones con organismos y actores supranacionales como la OCDE han generado una ruptura en varias instituciones jurídicas del ámbito estatal y mayores influencias verticales, por lo que no es posible referirse a un derecho administrativo de monopolio exclusivo del Estado.
La adopción de buenas prácticas administrativas en los sectores público y privado como estrategia de prevención de actos de corrupción
Authors: Doria Javier
Published: November 2018

La suscripción de acuerdos internacionales por Colombia ha motivado medidas legislativas tendientes a prevenir actos de corrupción en los sectores público y privado. Sin embargo, y según las más recientes mediciones internacionales, la percepción de ocurrencia y exposición a prácticas corruptas no deja de ser alta en el país. Ante este panorama, el presente escrito aboga por la adopción de buenas prácticas administrativas, sustentadas en principios de transparencia, eficiencia y eficacia, en los sectores públicos y privado como estrategia de prevención de actos de corrupción.
Vascular reconstruction and outcomes of 220 adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantations
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Artemyev A. I. , Sushkov A. I. , Kolyshev I. Yu. , Rudakov V. S. , Shabalin M. V. , Naydenov E. V. , Maltseva A. P. , Svetlakova D. S.
Published: November 2018

Rationale: Adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation is a  viable alternative to whole liver transplantation from a  deceased donor. The key aspect of the surgical procedure is the restoration of adequate graft blood flow and maintenance of sufficient volume of well vascularized parenchyma in the donor. Specific features of vascular anatomy in the donor and the recipient can be eventual cause for significant technical difficulties during transplantation. They can also increase the risk of complications and deteriorate graft functioning.

Aim: To identify the incidence of various types of afferent and efferent vascularization of right lobe of the liver, potential techniques of vascular reconstructive procedures, rates and types of postoperative complications, as well as immediate surgical results.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data on 220 right lobe liver transplantations adult patients, consecutively performed from 2010 to 2017 in one center. Specific characteristics of liver vascularization in donors and recipients were determined by pre-operative computed tomography and intra-operatively. The information on the types of vascular reconstruction, complications and results of surgical procedures was obtained from patients' medical files.

Results: The following variants of blood supply to the right liver lobe were seen most frequently: portal vein trifurcation 22%, shortened trunk of the right portal vein branch 13%, supplementary v. hepatica from SgVIII with a diameter of > 5 mm 22%, supplementary lower right v. hepatica 17%, isolated venous outflow from all right lobe segments 2%, two arteries 2%. In addition, 17% of the recipients had portal vein thrombosis and 1% portal vein fibrosis. During the follow-up all donors remained alive. The rate of surgical complications was 12.5%, among them bile pocket or biloma 8.5%, intra-abdominal bleeding 2.5%, wound complications 1.5%. The rate of early post-operative complications in the recipients was 31.5%, with 4.5% of them being vascular and 15.5% biliary. The 6-months and 4-years survival of the recipients (Kaplan-Meier) was 98% and 95%, respectively.

Conclusion: Immediate and longterm survival of the recipients of living donor right lobe live grafts, as well as absence of fatalities among their donors, confirm high effectiveness and expedience of this type of intervention. The observed anatomic variety of blood supply to the right liver lobe stipulates stringent requirements to the quality of preoperative diagnostics, deliberate donor selection, thorough planning of the procedure and high qualification of the surgical team. A  relatively high rate of postoperative complications warrants the necessity of an intensive diagnostic monitoring in the early post-operative period and active strategies of their correction.
Simultaneous laparoscopic liver resection: a single-center experience
Authors: Akhaladze G. G. , Grebenkin E. N. , Chkhikvadze V. D. , Stanojević U. S. , Goncharov S. V. , Ragimov V. A. , Kolesnikov R. V. , Abramov A. A.
Published: November 2018

Background: About 15 to 25%  of colorectal cancer patients have synchronous liver metastasis at diagnosis. In the recent years, the strategy of simultaneous removal of colorectal cancer and liver metastases has been preferred. Development of minimally invasive technologies in abdominal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery allows for active advance to fully laparoscopic approach to these types of interventions.

Aim: Comparative analysis of simultaneous and isolated laparoscopic liver resections performed in the Department of Surgery, Russian Research Center of Roentgenoradiology (Moscow).

Materials and methods: We have analyzed intra- and postoperative results of 29 laparoscopic procedures for metastatic liver disease. Group 1 included 14 patients who had undergone simultaneous laparoscopic primary tumor resection and laparoscopic liver resection for metastatic disease. Group 2 included 15 patients who had undergone isolated laparoscopic liver resection for metastatic lesions.

Results: Mean (± SD) blood loss in the simultaneous and isolated procedures groups was 469 ± 176 and 408 ± 124  mL, respectively (p = 0.2), whereas the duration of surgeries was 296 ± 107  and 204 ± 82  min, respectively (p = 0.01). Conversion rate in the isolated resection group was higher (26% vs. 14%). This difference is to be explained by the learning curve in laparoscopic liver surgery. All liver resections in both groups were carried out in R0 mode. No deaths and significant complications were seen in any of the groups.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated feasibility and safety of simultaneous, fully laparoscopic liver resections, including those for difficult localization of primary tumors and metastatic lesions.
THE VALUES OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE TRADITION OF TOLABALANGO AND MADDUTA
Authors: Asiah Siti
Published: November 2018

Motolobalango and Madduta-Mamanu-manu customs in the courtship tradition of Gorontalo tribe and Bugis tribe have institutionalized in society. Motolobalango is carried out when the families of both parties have carried out dulohupa (meeting), while Madduta-Mamanu-manu is carried out when a boy proposes to a girl. These two customs have their own characteristics, yet in certain cases the process has similarities and differences. This study discusses the implementation of courtship tradition in Islamic perspective and analyses the values of Islamic education contained in this tradition. The values of Islamic education are the attributes inherent in education to achieve the purpose of human life, namely to serve God, the Almighty. The value in Islamic education is something which is helpful and useful for humans after undergoing a process of effort carried out consciously and intentionally, so that the behavior of a person or society changes from a certain state to a better state. The results of the analysis showed that courtship tradition contains the value of tolerance and cooperation, as well as social, economic and religious values.

Tradisi Motolobalango dan Madduta-Mamanu-manu dalam adat peminangan suku Gorontalo dan masyarakat suku Bugis merupakan tradisi yang telah melembaga dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Proses Motolobalango dilakukan ketika keluarga kedua belah pihak telah melakukan dulohupa (perjumpaan). Sementara Madduta-Mamanu-manu dilakukan dalam meminang atau melamar gadis. Dua tradisi adat ini memiliki karakter yang dalam hal-hal tertentu prosesinya memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan. Kajian ini mengangkat tentang penyelenggaraan tradisi adat peminangan dalam perspektif Islam serta menganalisis nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang terkandung dalam tradisi tersebut. Nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam adalah sifat-sifat yang melekat pada pendidikan untuk mencapai tujuan hidup manusia yaitu mengabdi pada Allah SWT. Jadi, nilai dalam pendidikan Islam adalah sesuatu yang bermanfaat dan berguna bagi manusia setelah menjalani proses upaya yang dilakukan secara sadar dan sengaja sehingga perilaku seseorang atau masyarakat berubah dari keadaan tertentu ke suatu keadaan yang lebih baik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tradisi peminangan tersebut memiliki nilai toleransi, kerjasama, sosial, ekonomi dan religi.
TAJALLIYAH ASH-SHIRA' FI AL-ADAB AL-'ARABI AL-MU'ASHIR WA ATSARIHI FI HARB AL-'ARAB تجليات الصراع في الأدب العربي المعاصر وأثره في حرب العرب (من الصراع والصدام إلى ثقافة الحرب في شعر سوريا نموذجا)
Authors: Halimi Halimi , Faisol M. , Al-Dakhiel Muhammad Majed
Published: November 2018

لقد عبر شعر الصراع (المقاومة والثورة والحرب) في بلاد الجزيرة العربية مفردات متنوعة طوال تاريخها من خلال البعدين، منهما البعد المكاني متمثلا في الأرض التي حملها الشعر دلالات ومعان تتجاوز ملامحها المادية لتكتسب بعدا روحيا وقيما عليا. والبعد الثاني يتمثل في البعد التراثي والتاريخي. فشعر الصراعات لا ينفصل من الواقع الاجتماعي، وليس هو الشعر الانعزالي، بل هو الشعر الاجتماعي الذي له علاقة متينة بواقعه، والذي يحمل رموزا تاريخية كثيرة نتيجة لامتداد العمر الزمني لهذا المجتمع من العصور القديمة، وكان المجتمع والأرض تصنع تقاليد تتطور إلى رموز، فهناك رمز للكرام وللمروءة ولمعاناة المجتمع وللصراع، وفي الرمز أسلوب فيه تلميح ومداره.

Throughout the history of the Arab world, the poetry of the struggle (the resistance, the revolution and the war) has been a varied vocabulary throughout its history through the two dimensions, including the spatial dimension, in the land where poetry carries meanings and meanings that transcend its physical texture to acquire a spiritual dimension and supreme value. It is the social poetry that has a strong relationship to its reality, which carries many historical symbols as a result of the extension of the temporal age of this society from antiquity. The society and the land made traditions that evolve into symbols. And the suffering of society and the conflict and the virus, and in the code style in which the tip and orbit.
What Do Women Lose if They Are Prevented From Meeting Their Breastfeeding Goals?
Authors: Brown Amy
Published: November 2018

This article explores the complex issue of breastfeeding and maternal mental health. Many women stop breastfeeding before they are ready, often leading to feelings of anxiety, guilt, and anger. Critics of breastfeeding promotion blame breastfeeding advocates for this impact, claiming that if the focus were merely on feeding the baby, with all methods equally valued and supported, maternal mental health would be protected. Established health impacts of infant feeding aside, this argument fails to account for the importance of maternal breastfeeding goals, or the physical and emotional rewards breastfeeding can bring. Although some women will take comfort in the message that what matters most is that the baby is fed, others view such suggestions as a lack of recognition of their wishes and the loss that they feel, exacerbating their grief and frustration. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of recognizing and valuing women’s individual breastfeeding goals, and not dismissing or invalidating their experience if they do not meet these by telling them that they do not matter. To move forward, we must recognize the impact of all infant feeding experiences, consider the impact of public messaging, and work to support more women to meet their goals.
İzmir İli Arıcısının Arı Hastalık ve Zararlılarına Bakışı
Authors: TAKMA Çiğdem , KÖSOĞLU Mustafa , TOPAL Erkan , ÖZKIRIM Asli , ÖZSOY TAŞKIRAN Neslihan , KARACA Üzeyir
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Bu anket çalışmasında; Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Arıcılık Şubesi’ni ziyaret eden İzmir İli arıcılarının arı hastalık ve zararlılarını arıcı gözüyle değerlendirme ve mücadele yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Anket çalışmaları 2017 yılında, İzmir İli’ndeki 94 arıcı ile yüz yüze yapılmıştır. Anket sorularında arıcıların, koloni sayısı, hastalık ve zararlılarla ilgili eğitim alıp almadıkları, karşılaştıkları arı hastalıkları ve arı zararlılarının neler olduğu, hangi ilaçlama yöntemlerini seçtikleri, arı ürünlerinde kalıntı problemlerini nasıl aşılacağı gibi birçok konuda görüşleri alınmıştır. Sonuçlar yüzde olarak belirtilmiş, cevaplar arası ilişkiler ki-kare testi ile ortaya konulmuştur.Bulgular: Çalışma bulgularına göre; Enstitüyü ziyaret eden İzmir arıcısının %77.7’sinin arıcılığı ek iş olarak yaptığı, %38’inin ilkokul mezunu, %62.8’inin 51 yaş ve üzeri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Arıcıların %42.6’sının 0-50 kovana sahip olduğu, %74.5’inin gezginci arıcılık yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Arıcıların kolonilerinde en sık karşılaştığı sorunun varroa zararlısı olduğu, %47.9’unun kimyasal mücadele yöntemi kullanarak varroaya karşı mücadele ettiği saptanmıştır. Kimyasal mücadelede en çok kullanılan etken madde amitraz olurken, organik mücadelede en çok formik ve oksalik asit kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Arıcıların arı hastalık ve zararlılarından karşılaştıkları en önemli sorunun varroa olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Arıcılar, arı ürünlerinde ilaç kalıntısı sorununun %43.5’inin organik ilaçlarla, %29.0’unun eğitimle ve %17.7’sinin ilaçların doğru kullanımı ile çözülebileceğini bildirmişlerdir.
Evidence-Based Pain Management: Building on the Foundations of Cochrane Systematic Reviews
Authors: Aldington Dominic , Eccleston Chris
Published: November 2018

We discuss the history and current status of evidence-based medicine for the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic pain as it has developed in the Cochrane Collaboration’s Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Group.

To date, the Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Group has published 277 reviews and a further 11 reviews of systematic reviews summarizing the evidence for interventions. The Cochrane Library has readily available high-quality summaries of evidence of pharmacological interventions especially for postsurgical pain but also for chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain. The library covers all forms of intervention, not only pharmacological.

The world of evidence-based medicine is changing: most historical trials have been entered into reviews, but the evidence is still not well disseminated and needs to be better translated into decision support. Evidence should be at the heart of policymaking. Much has been achieved in the past 21 years, but there are no grounds for complacency.
The Strengths and Weaknesses of Current US Policy to Address Pain
Authors: Gross Jacob , Gordon Debra B.
Published: November 2018

Pain is a significant public health problem that needs policy at the national and local level to resolve incidents of insufficient, ineffective, and disparate pain treatment while limiting the risk of inadvertently increasing the use of treatment such as opioids that can result in public harm.

The National Pain Strategy serves as the first comprehensive approach to address pain and provides a roadmap with substantial broad and specific policy implications. Although much has been accomplished to date, transitions in political power, available data and funding, and the current opioid epidemic continue to have an impact on implementation of the National Pain Strategy.

A sustained, coordinated effort with multipronged policies in many forms on both federal and state levels via regulations, laws, and guidelines is warranted. However, research is needed to evaluate the impact and potential unintended consequences of increased legislation and regulation. Nevertheless, policy related to the management of pain may provide the path to new treatments and models of care to reduce the impact of pain as a public health crisis in this country.
Effect of Remediating Blighted Vacant Land on Shootings: A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Moyer Ruth , MacDonald John M. , Ridgeway Greg , Branas Charles C.
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To determine if remediating blighted vacant urban land reduced firearm shooting incidents resulting in injury or death.

Methods. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in which we assigned 541 randomly selected vacant lots in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to 110 geographically contiguous clusters and randomly assigned these clusters to a greening intervention, a less-intensive mowing and trash cleanup intervention, or a no-intervention control condition. The random assignment to the trial occurred in April and June 2013 and lasted until March 2015. In a difference-in-differences analysis, we assessed whether the 2 treatment conditions relative to the control condition reduced firearm shootings around vacant lots.

Results. During the trial, both the greening intervention, −6.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −10.6%, −2.7%), and the mowing and trash cleanup intervention, −9.2% (95% CI = −13.2%, −4.8%), significantly reduced shootings. There was no evidence that the interventions displaced shootings into adjacent areas.

Conclusions. Remediating vacant land with inexpensive, scalable methods, including greening or minimal mowing and trash cleanup, significantly reduced shootings that result in serious injury or death.

Public Health Implications. Cities should experiment with place-based interventions to develop effective firearm violence–reduction strategies.

Trial Registration. This trial was registered with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (study ID ISRCTN92582209; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN92582209 ).
Quantifying the Adequacy of Opioid Analgesic Consumption Globally: An Updated Method and Early Findings
Authors: Scholten Willem K. , Christensen Ann-Eva , Olesen Anne Estrup , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr
Published: November 2018

Opioid analgesics are the mainstay for treatment of moderate and severe pain but, in many countries, the consumption of these medicines is inadequate. Over time, various groups have published opioid analgesic metrics, including authors from the World Health Organization. They linked consumption to a level considered adequate based on the actual consumption in developed countries.

In this study, we present our current results on the adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption. We included statistics for 18 controlled opioid medicines that are primarily used as analgesics, and we developed the Adequacy of Opioid Consumption (AOC) Index. The average of the 20 most developed countries for 2015 is set as equal to an AOC Index of 100. An AOC Index of 100 or higher is considered adequate consumption.

The average opioid analgesic consumption of the top-20 countries of the Human Development Index increased from 84 morphine milligram equivalents per capita (2000) to 256 morphine milligram equivalents per capita (2015). The extremes we found for 2015 were Germany (AOC Index: 304) and Nigeria (AOC Index: 0.0069). These extremes differ by 44 000 times. Adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption continues to be problematic around the world.
The Use of Distraction Osteogenesis and a Taylor Spatial Frame in the Treatment of a Tibial Shaft Nonunion and Deformity in a Pediatric Patient with Osteopetrosis
Authors: Catanzano Anthony A. , Fitch Robert D.
Published: November 2018

Case:

Osteopetrosis is a heritable disease that causes brittle bones that are prone to fracture. Furthermore, these brittle bones have a poor healing response and a high risk of subsequent refracture. Many treatment strategies have been described for initial fracture stabilization; however, there is a paucity of literature describing treatment of refractures and subsequent deformity. We present the long-term results of a unique case in which we used a circular external fixator, the TAYLOR SPATIAL FRAME (Smith & Nephew), to correct a deformity in a patient with osteopetrosis who suffered multiple refractures of the tibia.

Conclusion:

We propose the potential use of distraction osteogenesis as an option for fracture and deformity treatment in patients with osteopetrosis.
Evaluación de panel SNP en genes candidatos de vías metabólicas para carne en Hereford
Authors: Branda Sica A. , Ravagnolo O. , Brito G. , Baldi F. , LaManna A. , Banchero G. , Navajas E. A. , Rincón G. , Medrano Medrano
Published: November 2018

Se realizó una validación preliminar de un panel de marcadores SNP seleccionados de genes candidatos, relacionados al eje endócrino que regulan la hormona de crecimiento GH/IGF1, y a la formación y desaturación de ácidos grasos SCD/SREBP1, con características de composición de canal, calidad de carne y perfil de ácidos grasos de la grasa intramuscular en novillos Hereford sometidos a diferentes tratamientos de alimentación durante la etapa de recría y engorde intensivo. Se ajustaron las variables por el efecto de los 8 tratamientos nutricionales y se calcularon los valores residuales para los análisis de asociación con los marcadores SNP. Se determinó un total de 11 696 genotipos de 237 novillos utilizando un panel de 58 tag-SNP en los genes GHR, IGF1, IGFBP6, PMCH, SOCS2, STAT6, SCD1, SCD5, SREBP1, SCAP, INSIG1, INSIG2, MBTPS1, MBTPS2 y SRPR, de los cuales se encontraron 11 SNP polimórficos que estuvieron asociados signifi-cativamente: GHR_ rs41639262 sobre EGSu y MARBL; IGF1_ rs136251088 sobre PCC, PCE y PISTOLA; PMCH_ rs135033882 sobre OMEGA36; SOCS2_ ss252841026 sobre Terneza2d; STAT6_ rs109171041 sobre Terneza2d; STAT6_ rs110097583 sobre Terneza2d; INSIG1_ rs109314460 sobre Terneza21d; INSIG1_ ss252452220 sobre OMEGA36; SCD5_ ss252452202 sobre PUFA y Terneza2d; SCD5_ rs43687655 sobre EGSu y OMEGA36; SRPR_ rs42178091 sobre GRASAINTR, SFA, MUFA, PCC, PCE y PISTOLA. Estudios adicionales podrían confirmar estos efectos, posibilitando mejorar la calidad de la canal y de la carne, de animales sometidos a diferentes tratamientos de alimentación a través de la selección.
Consumo e deposição de ácidos graxos no longissimus de novilhos Nelore suplementados em pastagens
Authors: Oliveira A. P. , Silva R. R. , Souza G. , Carvalho F. , Silva A. , Lisboa G. , Pereira M. M. S , Carvalho V. M. , Mendes F. B. L. , Oliveira A. C.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se estudar a correlação entre consumo e deposição de ácidos graxos no músculo Longissimus de novilhos nelore suplementados em pastagens. O trabalho de campo foi implantado numa área de 52 ha, formada de Brachiaria brizantha. Foram utilizados 40 novilhos da raça Nelore com peso inicial médio de 373,7 ± 14,9 kg e 26 meses de idade, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos:Controle= T00 (fornecimento apenas de sal mineral), T03= fornecimento de 0,3% concentrado em função do peso vivo; T06= fornecimento de 0,6 % concentrado em função do peso vivo; T09= fornecimento de 0,9 % concentrado em função do peso vivo. Amostras dos concentrados e da forragem foram coletadas para análise da composição de ácidos graxos. O período experimental foi de 98 dias. Após este período, os animais foram abatidos. Os resultados foram analisados por Correlação Linear de Pearson e teste t. Constatou-se que existem correlações entre os ácidos graxos consumidos e depositados no músculo.
Niveles de proteína para cerdos en fase starter: un meta-análisis
Authors: González R. M. , Velasco J. L. F. , Vaquera H. H. , Sánchez-Torres M. T. , Ortega C. M. E. , Cordero M. J. L. , Copado B. J. M. F. , Narciso G. C.
Published: November 2018

Para determinar el nivel óptimo de proteína bruta (PB) se realizó un meta-análisis con datos de siete experimentos con 240 cerdos híbridos de aproximadamente 37 días de edad y peso vivo inicial promedio de 12,57 kg en fase starter y alojados individualmente. Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y concentración de urea en plasma. Se realizó análisis de varianza y de regresión utilizando un modelo de superficie de respuesta con el procedimiento RSREG de SAS tomando en cuenta el nivel de PB y el efecto del experimento, año y época del año; se determinaron los niveles óptimos de PB para cada variable (ganancia diaria de peso= 19,25; grasa dorsal= 18,1; conversión alimenticia= 17,3 y urea en plasma= 16,5 %), los cuales se corroboraron con un experimento adicional utilizando 40 cerdos híbridos en fase starter de 36 días de edad con 11,5 kg de peso inicial durante 21 días, en un diseño completamente al azar con diez repeticiones por tratamiento. El meta-análisis indicó que la ganancia diaria de peso, ganancia de carne magra y urea en plasma disminuyen al bajar la PB (p£0,05); y la conversión alimenticia mejora cuando se reduce la PB hasta 16,5 % (p£0,05). En el experimento realizado para corroborar los niveles óptimos de PB, no hubo diferencias en las variables analizadas, excepto para porcentaje de carne magra, que mejoró (p£0,05) cuando se utilizaron 16,5 y 19,25 % PB. Los resultados indican que el nivel óptimo de PB es de 16,5 % para cerdos en fase starter con dietas a base de sorgo-harina de soja adicionadas con AA sintéticos, ya que en este nivel de PB no se afectan las variables productivas, características de la canal y se disminuye la concentración de urea en plasma.
Genotipo, alimento y refrigeración, en la actividad antioxidante y estabilidad oxidativa del lomo de conejo
Authors: Velázquez R. S. R. , Sosa M. E. , Ramírez G. M. E. , Pro M. A. , Suarez L. R. , Avila R. F. , Hernández C. A. S. , Narciso G. C. , Rodríguez C. J. C.
Published: November 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la actividad antioxidante (AA) de cuatro alimentos comerciales sobre la AA y la estabilidad oxidativa (EO) de lomo crudo (Longissimus dorsi) de conejos de tres genotipos (Nueva-Zelanda, NZ, California, CAL, y NZ*CAL) a tres tiempos de refrigeración (0, 3 y 6 días). La AA de todos los alimentos disminuyó (p
Alterações no feno de campim tifton 85 armazenado à campo ou galpão coberto
Authors: Neres M. A. , Castagnara D. D. , Mufatto L. M. , Fernandes T. , Hunoff C. A. , Wobeto J. R. , Nath C. D.
Published: November 2018

Avaliou-se as variações de composição química e ocorrência de fungos no feno de Tifton 85 armazenado à campo ou em galpão por 30 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com dois sistemas de armazenamento e quatro períodos de avaliação. Verificou-se que, dentro de um curto período de tempo (30 dias), houve redução da PB e aumento da PIDA com baixa ocorrência de fungos Aspergillus, Rizophus e Cladosporium e alta ocorrência de Geotrichium, Phoma, Penicillium e Diploccocum.