bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obituaries in translation: a corpus-based study
Authors: Rebechi Rozane Rodrigues , Silva Marcia Moura da
Published: November 2018

Mais cedo ou mais tarde, a morte afetará todas as pessoas, em todos os lugares. No entanto, essa dura realidade é enfrentada de formas diferentes em culturas distintas. Os obituários podem ajudar a revelar algumas dessas diferenças e seu impacto para a tradução (LOOCK & AMP; LEFEBVRE-SCODELLER, 2014). Usando a Linguística de Corpus como metodologia (BAKER, 1993; LAVIOSA, 2002; McENERY & AMP; HARDIE, 2012; PHILIP, 2009; ZANETTIN, 2012), investigamos se e até que ponto um corpus comparável de obituários em inglês estadunidense e em português brasileiro pode ajudar na tarefa de conscientizar os aprendizes sobre as peculiaridades culturais observadas em um mesmo gênero textual escrito em diferentes idiomas, e suas consequências para a identificação de equivalentes. Para atingir nossos objetivos, selecionamos textos publicados em jornais brasileiros e estadunidenses entre 2015 e 2017. Apesar de abordarem um assunto cotidiano, os obituários são pouco explorados academicamente. No entanto, essa negligência não é proporcional nos dois países, e resulta da popularidade do gênero. Enquanto nos Estados Unidos os obituários são lidos regularmente, no Brasil eles são raros, quase exclusivamente dedicados a falecidos famosos. Análises qualitativas e quantitativas mostraram que a ausência de termos em português se deve a diferenças culturais que permeiam o tema, e que a falta de familiaridade com o gênero, além das peculiaridades dos rituais praticados nos dois países / culturas, pode ajudar a explicar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos aprendizes brasileiros na tarefa de traduzir obituários estadunidenses para o português brasileiro.
Variações semânticas de valoração em reinstanciações portuguesas e brasileiras de Things Fall Apart e Arrow of God
Authors: Magalhães Célia Maria , Dias Cliver Gonçalves
Published: November 2018

Este artigo expande a investigação realizada em Autor (2018), sobre variações semânticas de valoração em traduções brasileiras de dois romances de Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart (1994[1959]) e Arrow of God (1969[1964]), para traduções portuguesas destes textos. O objetivo é identificar variações semânticas da valoração nas retraduções. Trabalhos empíricos sobre a tradução de textos literários estudam a valoração, descontextualizada do seu significado no desdobramento dos textos, usando a metodologia de análise de corpora. Autor (2018) usa um modelo semântico-discursivo para estudar a tradução como reinstanciação, considerando o desdobramento das narrativas literárias. Neste trabalho, foram usados excertos das reinstanciações portuguesas Tudo se desmorona (2008), de Things fall apart, e A flecha de Deus (1979), de Arrow of God. O estudo utiliza o método de análise da valoração, da semântica-discursiva, para investigar padrões de configurações valorativas de atitude, comprometimento e gradação nos textos do corpus. Os resultados, comparados aos resultados de Autor (2018), sugerem que há variações semânticas entre os pares de reinstanciações relativas ao modo de realização, ao acoplamento e à calibragem, bem como à não reinstanciação de valores ou instanciação de novos valores. Estes resultados sugerem que as duas reinstanciações são paráfrases distintas dos texto-fontes, confirmando a hipótese da retradução.
A tradução da partícula modal wohl para o português: uma investigação do esforço de processamento de participantes brasileiros e alemães
Authors: Aquino Marceli Cherchiglia
Published: November 2018

Tendo como base a Teoria da Relevância, propomos investigar o esforço de processamento da partícula modal (doravante PM) wohl no par linguístico alemão/português em tarefas de pós-edição (doravante PE). Nesse sentido, foram utilizados três instrumentos de pesquisa: o programa Translog-II; o rastreador ocular Tobii T60; relatos retrospectivos (livre e guiado). Dezesseis participantes, entre eles oito brasileiros e oito alemães, pós-editaram para o português três insumos da máquina em alemão contendo a PM wohl em três diferentes posições na mesma oração. Os resultados corroboram a suposição de GUTT (1998) e os resultados da análise processual conduzida por ALVES (2007), que revelam que a relação entre esforço e efeito não acontece com base em uma associação de proporção direta. Neste sentido, a análise do processamento de dois grupos de participantes com relação à da PM wohl demonstra que, em ambientes cognitivos diferenciados, a capacidade de metarrepresentação tem implicações distintas na busca de determinados efeitos contextuais.
Entrevista com André Czarnobai
Authors: Sinderski Bigaton Jaqueline , Paulo Gabriela Terezinha
Published: November 2018

Entrevista com André Czarnobai
A implantação da usina hidrelétrica do Baixo Iguaçu: uma análise a partir dos estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade
Authors: Matiello Catiane , Queluz Gilson Leandro
Published: November 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a implantação da usina hidrelétrica do Baixo Iguaçu, no Paraná, observando o conflito entre atingidos e empreendedores sob o marco teórico dos estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. A metodologia consiste na análise de documentos como EIA/RIMA, atas de reuniões, matérias jornalísticas, pronunciamentos de parlamentares e de depoimentos e notas em caderno de campo, elaborados através da participação em reuniões entre o Consórcio Geração Céu Azul e a comissão de atingidos. Considerando o processo de implantação de barragens como uma arena política, a partir da identificação das principais controvérsias entre os grupos em disputa, procurou-se compreender de que forma elementos fundamentais do projeto validam um determinado código técnico, conforme o conceito descrito por A. Feenberg. Foi observado que os argumentos empregados pelos grupos se alinham a determinadas frentes de interesses, articulando representações de tecnologia em padrões de legitimação sobre a implantação da hidrelétrica.
(Re)estruturação urbana de Teresina (PI): uma análise de suas dinâmicas recentes
Authors: De Carvalho Bueno Paulo Henrique , Lima Antônia Jesuíta de
Published: November 2018

Objetiva-se desenvolver uma discussão acerca do processo de (re)estruturação urbana e suas dinâmicas recentes em Teresina (PI), as quais fomentam a diferenciação socioespacial por região ou zona da cidade. No âmbito dessas diferenças, tem-se que a zona Leste se constitui, em termos de complementariedade e concorrência com o Centro, como a mais equipada com atividades comerciais e de serviços, espaços de lazer, construções habitacionais de maiores valores econômicos, o que promove uma fragmentação e diferenciação socioespacial na capital, assim como no bojo da própria região. As análises dessas constatações são fruto de uma revisão bibliográfica e de dados empíricos acerca de atividades comerciais e de serviços que se territorializam no espaço urbano da capital piauiense. Complementa-se, ainda, o estudo, com um debate das novas formas de habitar em Teresina, representados pelos processos de verticalização e expansão dos condomínios horizontais.
The effect of secondary ice production parameterization on the simulation of a cold frontal rainband
Authors: Sullivan Sylvia C. , Barthlott Christian , Crosier Jonathan , Zhukov Ilya , Nenes Athanasios , Hoose Corinna
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Secondary ice production via processes like rime splintering, frozen droplet shattering, and breakup upon ice hydrometeor collision have been proposed to explain discrepancies between in-cloud ice crystal and ice-nucleating particle numbers. To understand the impact of this additional ice crystal generation on surface precipitation, we present one of the first studies to implement frozen droplet shattering and ice–ice collisional breakup parameterizations in a mesoscale model. We simulate a cold frontal rainband from the Aerosol Properties, PRocesses, And InfluenceS on the Earth's Climate campaign and investigate the impact of the new parameterizations on the simulated ice crystal number concentrations (ICNC) and precipitation. Near the convective regions of the rainband, contributions to ICNC can be as large from secondary production as from primary nucleation, but ICNCs greater than 50 L−1 remain underestimated by the model. The addition of the secondary production parameterizations also clearly intensifies the differences in both accumulated precipitation and precipitation rate between the convective towers and non-convective gap regions. We suggest, then, that secondary ice production parameterizations be included in large-scale models on the basis of large hydrometeor concentration and convective activity criteria.
Response of Arctic ozone to sudden stratospheric warmings
Authors: de la Cámara Alvaro , Abalos Marta , Hitchcock Peter , Calvo Natalia , Garcia Rolando R.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are the main source of
intra-seasonal and interannual variability in the extratropical stratosphere.
The profound alterations to the stratospheric circulation that accompany such
events produce rapid changes in the atmospheric composition. The goal of this
study is to deepen our understanding of the dynamics that control changes of
Arctic ozone during the life cycle of SSWs, providing a quantitative analysis
of advective transport and mixing. We use output from four ensemble members
(60 years each) of the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model version 4
performed for the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative and also use reanalysis
and satellite data for validation purposes. The composite evolution of ozone
displays positive mixing ratio anomalies of up to 0.5–0.6 ppmv above 550 K
(∼ 50 hPa) around the central warming date and negative anomalies
below (−0.2 to −0.3 ppmv), consistently in observations, reanalysis, and
the model. Our analysis shows a clear temporal offset between ozone eddy
transport and diffusive ozone fluxes. The initial changes in ozone are mainly
driven by isentropic eddy fluxes linked to enhanced wave drag responsible for
the SSW. The recovery of climatological values in the aftermath of SSWs is
slower in the lower than in the upper stratosphere and is driven by the
competing effects of cross-isentropic motions (which work towards the
recovery) and isentropic irreversible mixing (which delays the recovery).
These features are enhanced in strength and duration during sufficiently deep
SSWs, particularly those followed by polar-night jet oscillation (PJO)
events. It is found that SSW-induced ozone concentration anomalies below
600 K (∼ 40 hPa), as well as total column estimates, persist around
1 month longer in PJO than in non-PJO warmings.
Composite analysis of the tropopause inversion layer in extratropical baroclinic waves
Authors: Kaluza Thorsten , Kunkel Daniel , Hoor Peter
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The variability and similarities in the evolution of the tropopause inversion (TIL) layer during cyclongenesis in the North Atlantic storm track are investigated using operational meteorological analysis data (Integrated Forecast System from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). For this a total amount of 130 cyclones have been analysed which evolved during the months August through October between 2010–2014 over the North Atlantic. Their paths of migration along with associated flow features in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) have been tracked using the mean sea level pressure. Subsets of the 130 cyclones have been used for composite analysis using minimum sea level pressure to filter the cyclones based on their strength. The composite structure of the TIL strength distribution in connection with the overall UTLS flow strongly resembles the structure of the individual cyclones. Key results are that a strong dipole in tropopause inversion layer strength forms in regions of cyclonic wrap-up of UTLS air masses of different origin and isentropic potential vorticity. These air masses are associated with the cyclonic rotation of the underlaying cyclones. The maximum values of enhanced static stability above the tropopause occur north and northeast of the cyclone centre, vertically aligned with outflow regions of strong updraft and cloud formation up to the tropopause, which are situated in anticyclonic flow patterns in the upper troposphere. These regions are colocated with a maximum of vertical shear of the horizontal wind. The strong wind shear within the TIL results in a local minimum of Richardson numbers, representing the possibility for turbulent instability and potential mixing (or air mass exchange) within regions of enhanced static stability in the lowermost stratosphere.
Towards understanding potential atmospheric contributions to abrupt climate changes: Characterizing changes to the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet over the last deglaciation
Authors: Andres Heather J. , Tarasov Lev
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Abrupt climate shifts of large amplitude were common features of the Earth's climate as it transitioned into and out of the last full glacial state approximately twenty thousand years ago, but their causes are not yet established. Mid-latitudinal atmospheric dynamics may have played an important role in these oscillations through their effects on heat and precipitation distributions, sea ice extent, and wind-driven ocean circulation patterns. This study characterises deglacial winter wind changes over the North Atlantic (NAtl) in a suite of transient deglacial simulations we performed using the PlaSim earth system model, as well as in the TraCE-21ka simulation. We detect multiple instances of NAtl jet transitions that occur within 10 simulation years and a sensitivity of the jet to background climate conditions. Thus, we suggest that changes to the NAtl jet may play a critical role in abrupt glacial climate oscillations. We identify two types of simulated wind changes over the last deglaciation. Firstly, the latitude of the NAtl eddy-driven jet shifts northward over the deglaciation in a sequence of distinct steps. Secondly, the variability of the NAtl jet gradually shifts from a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) state with a strongly preferred jet latitude and a restricted latitudinal range to one with no single preferred latitude and a range that is at least 11° broader. Changes to the position of the NAtl jet alter the location of the wind forcing driving oceanic surface gyres and the limits of sea ice extent, whereas a shift to a more variable jet reduces the effectiveness of the wind forcing at driving surface ocean transports. The processes controlling these two types of changes differ on the upstream and downstream ends of the NAtl eddy-driven jet. On the upstream side over eastern North America, the elevated ice sheet margin acts as a physical barrier to the winds in both the PlaSim simulations and the TraCE-21ka experiment. This constrains both the position and the latitudinal variability of the jet at LGM, so the jet shifts in sync with ice sheet margin changes. In contrast, the downstream side over the eastern NAtl is more sensitive to the thermal state of the background climate. Our results suggest that knowing the position of the south-eastern margin of the North American ice complex strongly constrains the deglacial position of the jet over eastern North America and the western North Atlantic as well as its variability.
Empirical estimate of the signal content of Holocene temperature proxy records
Authors: Reschke Maria , Rehfeld Kira , Laepple Thomas
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Proxy records from climate archives provide evidence about past climate changes, but the recorded signal is affected by non-climate related effects as well as time uncertainty. As proxy based climate reconstructions are frequently used to test climate models and to quantitatively infer past climate, we need to improve our understanding of the proxy records’ signal content as well as the uncertainties involved. In this study, we empirically estimate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of temperature proxy records used in global compilations of the mid to late Holocene. This is achieved through a comparison of proxy time series from close-by sites of three compilations and model time series data at the proxy sites from two transient Holocene climate model simulations. In all comparisons, we found the mean correlations of the proxy time series on centennial to millennial time scales to be rather low (R
Calculating the turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer with neural networks
Authors: Leufen Lukas Hubert , Schädler Gerd
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and water vapour link the Earth's surface with the atmosphere. The correct modelling of the flux interactions between these two systems with very different time scales is therefore vital for climate (resp. Earth system) models. Conventionally, these fluxes are modelled using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) with stability functions derived from a small number of field experiments; this results in a range of formulations of these functions and thus also in the flux calculations; furthermore, the underlying equations are non-linear and have to be solved iteratively at each time step of the model. For these reasons, we tried here a different approach, namely using an artificial neural network (ANN) to calculate the fluxes resp. the scaling quantities u* and θ*, thus avoiding explicit formulas for the stability functions. The network was trained and validated with multi-year datasets from seven grassland, forest and wetland sites worldwide using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton backpropagation algorithm and six-fold cross validation. Extensive sensitivity tests showed that an ANN with six input variables and one hidden layer gave results comparable to (and in some cases even slightly better than) the standard method. Similar satisfying results were obtained when the ANN routine was implemented in a one-dimensional stand alone land surface model (LSM), opening the way to implementation in three-dimensional climate models. In case of the one-dimensional LSM, no CPU time was saved when using the ANN version, since the small time step of the standard version required only one iteration in most cases. This could be different in models with longer time steps, e.g. global climate models.
MSME-Based Industrial Development Strategy Through the Role of LPDB (Revolving Fund Management Institution) and South Sumatra UMKM Readiness Facing the Digital 4.0
Authors: Yustini Tien
Published: November 2018

This study aims to analyze various issues related to the distribution of revolving funds for Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives in South Sumatra. The analysis was carried out by describing the absorption of revolving funds in MSMEs and the potential absorption of labor in the MSME sector quantitatively. The results of the analysis show that MSMEs in South Sumatra generally face some fundamental problems, pillars are self-sufficient. First, the problem of capital, both marketing, "For capital issues may still be overcome. Because the government through the banking and the Ministry of Cooperatives can provide sufficient access to provide loan capital. However, on the marketing side is still very lack of knowledge." Marketing is a problem. To overcome these problems, SMEs in South Sumatra were addressed, by improving product quality and standardizing their products. Besides helping increase human resources and access to financing sources, collaboration between government and e-commerce will continue and be able to realize a shared vision to make MSMEs in South Sumatra able to participate in the era of Digital Energy of Asia in 2020. In an effort to encourage this growth, the provincial government of South Sumatra has facilitated new business actors and existing SMEs to expand their business by holding socialization and training in various district / city areas. Business actors can also get training, which cooperates with the Cooperative Education and Training Agency (UPTD Balatkop) in regencies / cities in South Sumatra. The trainings are funded with deconcentration funds. The Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs will support and will provide training, capital by providing cooperative loan facilities for SMEs through the Revolving Fund Management Agency (LPDB). Through LPDB, facilitated SMEs for cooperatives can be capital loans with 7 percent interest. For business actors already legal entities can borrow 4.5 percent
Rhizosphere Microbial Population and Plant Species Diversity as Influenced by Chromolaena odorata Invasion
Authors: Adejoro Solomon A. , Aguda Lekan C.
Published: November 2018

Invasive plant species have been commonly implicated to cause loss in plant species diversity. Attention had however not been paid to the effects of these species loss on the soil microbiome. A study was conducted in 18 farmers’ fields within three states in southwestern Nigeria to examine the effect of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) invasion on native plant diversity as well as on the rhizosphere microbial population using randomized complete block design. Results indicated significant losses in plant species diversity and reduction in density per square meter compared with adjacent non infested fields. Results further showed C. odorata invasion exerted diverse influence on soil microbial population. Relationships were subsequently established among plant density, species diversity; and soil microbial population. Further studies were also recommended to accommodate more microbiological indices.
The Need for Audit Trinity Report to Reinforce Financial Reporting Integrity
Authors: Shbeilat Mohammad K.
Published: November 2018

Investors’ reliability on financial statements decreases due to continuing corporate scandals. Many of these rogue listed companies have had dominant shareholders who have circumvented internal controls for personal gain or have hidden poor management using misleading reporting. This has led to calls for restructuring the annual financial report and to fill the gap of corporate governance constituents. This study aims to highlight the importance of combining the efforts of the audit trinity (those are: the audit committee, the external auditor and the internal auditor) in securing the financial reporting system and corporate governance. This literature-based study suggests coordinating and integrating the efforts of the audit trinity and the issue a joint report addressing all matters related to (1) safeguarding company’s assets and accounts (2) ensuring that financial statements and the annual report are fair, balanced and reliable, and (3) ensure the entity’s compliance with applicable laws, corporate governance code, and accounting and auditing standards. The proposed joint report is to be signed by the audit trinity and certified by the chairperson of the board. The development of this report went through two stages, the first one, reviewing related literature, internationally recognized frameworks and corporate governance best practices, and related international standards on auditing; the second stage was sending the draft of the proposed report to 20 expert referees requesting their comments on the structure and the appropriateness of the proposed report. The proposed report helps by clarifying the communication mechanism, responsibilities and powers of the audit trinity that enable them to adequately discharge their duty of maintaining corporate accountability and securing the financial reporting system. It also addressed the need to have informed and stringent control over the quality of financial ‎reporting and avoidance of conflicts of interest‎.
Design, layout e sistemas tipográficos
Authors: Mota Marcelo José da , Barbosa Fazano Amendola Mariangela
Published: November 2018

Este artigo busca uma reflexão acerca da linguagem tipográfica, algumas constatações históricas sobre o tema e sobre os sistemas tipográficos e suas utilizações no âmbito do design gráfico. Foram empreendidas pesquisas exploratórias em bibliografia da área, que apontaram algumas formas de articular sistematicamente a linguagem tipográfica na busca de evidências que permitam identificar onde o uso de instrumentos de pesquisa adequadamente escolhidos pode fazer uma significativa diferença nas tomadas de decisão de projeto. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é servir de guia para estudantes e pesquisadores em design gráfico, na tentativa de aproximar a prática projetual dos conceitos metodológicos sobre a linguagem tipográfica e os sistemas que a compõem, visando uma maior adequação do discurso teórico-prático deste profissional.
Design editorial e imprensa comunitária: redesign de um jornal de bairro de Curitiba
Authors: Liu Eunice , Hammerschmidt Christopher , Mayume Oyafuso Ângela , Schelbauer Renata
Published: November 2018

Este artigo relata o projeto de redesign do jornal de bairro Cidade Notícias, que circula em Curitiba. Primeiramente, apresentam-se dados de contextualização sobre o teor do jornal e aspectos gerais de sua apresentação visual. Em seguida, descrevem-se as etapas metodológicas, adaptadas da sequência relatada por Sless (2003): (1) delimitação do escopo; (2) análise de similares; (3) projeto e prototipagem; (4) conversação e refinamento; (5) especificação e produção; (6) monitoramento. A partir de tais definições, expõem-se detalhes acerca do trabalho de redesign, incluindo tópicos relacionados a formato, grid e layout, tipografia e redesign da marca. Como resultado, tem-se o novo padrão de diagramação e identidade visual de Cidade Notícias, aplicado à capa do jornal e a uma dupla de páginas internas, como modelo para edições futuras. Por fim, tecem-se algumas reflexões sobre o trabalho desenvolvido, bem como apontamentos para a continuidade do projeto.
O Design e seus desafios
Authors: Botelho Videla Ana Neuza
Published: November 2018

A proposta dessa comunicação é refletir sobre as questões que permeiam a constituição do design como um processo social e suas consequências para a forma em que vivemos. A partir do século XVIII, com a Revolução Industrial, aconteceram transformações marcantes para a história da humanidade. Como o design despontou a partir desses acontecimentos, seu surgimento está, portanto, relacionado a um determinado estágio da história do capitalismo e teve um papel fundamental na criação da riqueza industrial. No entanto, com o decorrer do tempo, a atuação da disciplina foi ampliada, ou seja, o design deixou de se ocupar com a aparência das coisas projetadas por engenheiros e cientistas, passando a atuar em outros universos, tais como: cidades, paisagens, nações, corpos, genes, e conforme Latour vai defender, até mesmo na própria natureza. Como reflexo dessa ampliação do design, observa-se mudanças na forma como interagimos com os objetos.
Gestão de design no retorno sobre investimento (ROI): uma revisão teórico-conceitual
Authors: Sciamana Julia Letícia , Borges Kistmann Virginia , Heemann Adriano
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão teórico-conceitual que visa discutir a integração dos temas: gestão de design e retorno sobre investimento (ROI). O estudo é motivado pela constatação de que, apesar dos resultados positivos do impacto que as atividades de design geram para as empresas, gestores alegam existir ainda um déficit na comunicação entre designers (qualificadores) e executivos (quantificadores). Dessa forma, pesquisadores e designers buscam meios para validar o valor do design nos negócios. O método adotado apoia-se em uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa (revisão bibliográfica sistemática com uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa), apresentando como resultado um quadro teórico qual visa fomentar o objetivo deste estudo. Finalmente, a mensuração do impacto da gestão de design no ROI se mostra complexa. Lacunas são apontadas sobre o valor multifacetado do design.
30-day readmission after radical cystectomy: Identifying targets for improvement using the phases of surgical care
Authors: Berger Ian , Xia Leilei , Wirtalla Christopher , Dowzicky Phillip , Guzzo Thomas J. , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Postoperative readmissions following radical cystectomy (RC) have gained attention in the past decade. Postoperative and post-discharge complications play a role in readmission rates; however, our ability to predict readmissions remains poor.Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we identified patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC from 2013–2015. Complications were defined as postoperative and post-discharge. Outcomes were 30-day readmission, post-discharge complications, and post-discharge major complications. Patient, operative, and complication factors were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.Results: We identified 4457 patients who underwent RC; 9.2% of patients experienced a postoperative complication, 18.8% experienced a post-discharge complication, and 20.3% were readmitted. Overweight and obese body mass index (BMI), dependent functional status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a continent diversion, and duration of operation were associated with post-discharge complications. Postoperative complications were not associated with post-discharge complications. Readmission was associated with Black race (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–2.1), overweight (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8) and obese BMI (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.9), diabetes (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0–1.5), COPD (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–1.8), steroid use (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.2), a continent diversion (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.7), duration of operation (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.1–1.2), and postoperative complications (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–2.0). The majority of readmissions experienced a post-discharge complication.Conclusions: Factors that span the preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and post-discharge phases of care were identified to increase readmission risk. To improve readmission rates, interventions will have to target factors across the surgical experience.
The Effects of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” and “31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan” on the Development of Taiwanese Enterprises
Authors: Jung Hsiung-Shen , Chen Jui-Lung
Published: November 2018

China has achieved rapid economic growth and become involved in the economic globalization through its policy of reform and opening-up and modernization. It has attracted much investment from lots of Taiwanese enterprises, including some small and medium-sized enterprises featuring a high labor cost and facing difficult operation in the traditional industries. Thanks to the policy, many Taiwanese enterprises have got a chance to rebirth by transforming their crises into opportunities. With the implementation of the policy of urbanization, the people from rural areas in China have been moving to urban areas, and the enterprises of the second and third industries have been concentrating in cities. This has not only fueled the livelihood-oriented consumption in China but also expanded the domestic demand market of the Taiwanese medium and large-sized livelihood enterprises in China. The Belt and Road trade foundation construction program, which aims to link Europe, Asia and Africa and was proposed in 2013, is an extension of the Great Development of Western Part of China and offers Taiwanese enterprises a chance to get fully involved in the development of the international market. The 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan announced by the Chinese government in February 2018 has significant influence on the future development of the Taiwanese enterprises in China. Therefore, this paper will elaborate on the effects of the Belt and Road and the 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan on the Taiwanese enterprises.
The Impact of Tourism on the Local Economy in Malaysia
Authors: Puah Chin-Hong , Jong Meng-Chang , Ayob Norazirah , Ismail Shafinar
Published: November 2018

The local and international communities play an important role in the sustainable growth of the Malaysian tourism industry. The principle of sustainable growth in the tourism industry was proposed by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) in 1988. As the tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in Malaysia, the government has poured considerable effort into promoting this industry consistent with the objective of the Economic Transformation Program (ETP) to transform from a resource-based economy to a service-based economy. This study aimed to test the hypothesis of tourism-led growth from Malaysia’s perspective. The tourism revenue earned by the government can be used to invest in industry to further promote economic growth in Malaysia. Hence, tourist receipts and capital investment in the tourism industry are important factors that can affect the nation’s economic growth. Utilizing Malaysian data from 1995 to 2016, the study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to examine whether the tourism-led growth is valid in this study. Empirical findings indicated that both variables have a significant positive impact on economic growth and the hypothesis of tourism-led growth is accepted in Malaysia.
The Macaulay Duration: A Key Indicator for the Risk-Adjustment in Fair Value
Authors: Beccace Francesca , Tasca Roberto , Tibiletti Luisa
Published: November 2018

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 13 Fair Value Measurement lays down two methods to adjust Expected Present Value (EPV) for risk. According to Method 1, expected cash inflows should be risk-adjusted by subtracting a risk-premium and discounted at the market risk-free rate, see (IFRS 13, B25). In contrast according to Method 2, expected cash inflows should be discounted at the risk-free rate augmented by a risk-premium addendum, see (IFRS 13, B26). Standard IFRS 13, B29 leaves the freedom to choose between the two methods. The aim of this note is to identify the relationship between the Risk-Adjusted EPVs rolled out from Method 1 and Method 2. First we introduce a theoretical solution to risk-adjustments compliant with the Standard IFRS 13, B29. Then, we set up a user-oriented proxy to connect the risk-premium present in Method 1 with the risk-adjusted rate present in Method 2. This proxy spots light on the key role played by the Macaulay Duration of expected inflows, rather than that of the lifetime of the project. As a consequence, projects expiring at the same redemption date and endowed with the same EPV and/or the same total inflow may differ considerably in risk-adjustments, due to different Macaulay Durations. A user-oriented method to properly to fast evaluate risk-adjustments for multi-cash inflow projects is provided. Sensitivity analysis of the impact of the Macaulay Duration on Risk-Adjusted EPV is also rolled out through numerical examples.
Value Creation and Competitive Advantage: Empirical Evidence from Dividend Champions of the S&P 500
Authors: Damilano Marina , Miglietta Nicola , Battisti Enrico , Creta Fabio
Published: November 2018

The aim of the paper is to verify, through the measurement of value creation, the existence of a competitive advantage in those companies recognized as “Dividend Champions” in the S&P 500. The paper uses a quantitative and explorative method of research and is divided into two sections: in the first, it identifies, within the S&P 500, those companies that have systematically, for more than 40 years, distributed dividends that have grown each year (60 firms), and in the second, it gives a comparative analysis of the Return on Invested Capital and Weighted Average Cost of Capital of the analysed firms, in order to investigate the existence of a competitive advantage. The results of our research show that the “Dividend Champions” have, in comparison to their main competitors of reference in the US market, a lasting competitive advantage, in virtue of a higher profitability with respect to the cost of capital. Specifically, we can observe that the “Dividend Champions”, classified by sector, are also “Value Champions”, able to beat competitors and having a lasting competitive advantage
Analysis and Predictions of Seasonal Affected Weather Variables of Bangladesh: SARIMA Models vs. Traditional Models
Authors: Salauddin Khan Md. , Islam Masudul , Adhikary Sajal , Murad Hossain Md. , Afroja Sohani
Published: November 2018

Bangladesh is a semi-tropical country, categorized by widespread seasonal disparities in rainfall, temperature, and humidity. Seasonality has been an input aspect of time series modeling when taking into account weather variables. In terms of multiple features of the weather variables i.e. randomness, cyclical variation and trend, time series methods etc. ARIMA can be a superior preference but, weather variables are affected by seasonality. Thinking about the grimy meadow, this paper presents Seasonal Auto-regressive Moving Average (SARIMA) model that takes seasonal and cyclical variation over the years. This study also aims to compare traditional methods like Single Exponential Method, Double Exponential Method, and Holt Winter Method with the SARIMA model. Time series plots, month plots, and B-B plots are used for identifying seasonal effect clearly. For seasonal stationary checking, Canova Hansen Stationary test has been utilized. Then, the order of the variables is identified, ACF and PACF have been checked and estimated preeminent order for these variables by AIC and Log-likelihood. Finally, Single Exponential Method, Double Exponential Method, and Holt Winter Method are introduced for comparing and forecasting. The proposed models SARIMA(0,0,0)(1,0,3)12, SARIMA(0,0,0)(1,0,1)12, SARIMA(0,0,0)(1,0,2)12 and SARIMA(0,0,0)(1,0,1)12 for maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall and humidity on the basis of Akaike Information Criteria and Log likelihood have been captured most seasonality of the data. Comparing them with traditional methods, traditional methods give a better result than the acquired model based on error measurement. So, traditional methods give a better estimate than the SARIMA models for selected weather variables, with lower mean square error, RMSE, MAE and MASE.
Belt and Road Initiative: A Spirit of Chinese Cultural Thought
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Bo Ling Yang
Published: November 2018

China is going to establish a world’s biggest economic platform that is known as Belt and Road Initiative. It will connect the world and Win–Win is a slogan of mutual cooperation, respect and community of common destiny. It will expand perfect harmony by ancient Chinese philosophy. The “harmony” is a harmonious relationship between a self and its object. This relationship could be spread through the aspect of harmonious coexistence among the people of BRI nations and their social environment.
How Does Corporate Governance Influence Hedging Strategy? An Empirical Study
Authors: Rekik Lilia , Taib Asmâa Alaoui
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the influence of corporate governance on the choice of hedging instruments. Using a panel data of 370 firm-year observations from gold mining industry, we found that boards with a strong presence of institutional investors as directors were more likely to defend shareholders’ interests in decisions on how to hedge firm exposure. Results also indicated that firms whose managers had risk incentives induced by stock options were more likely to use insurance strategies (put options), while CEO equity ownership was positively correlated with linear hedging (forwards, spot-deferred contracts, and gold loans).
Migrant smuggling in the Mediterranean
Authors: Aagten Anne
Published: November 2018

Migrant smuggling in the Mediterranean. An excludable act under article 1F(b) Refugee Convention?

In 2015, deadly incidents of migrant smuggling in the Mediterranean were daily covered by everyday newspapers. Empirical research has shown that migrants themselves may be involved in these smuggling operations. If they apply for refugee protection, they may be excluded from refugee status under Article 1F of the Refugee Convention. Article 1F(b) excludes asylum seekers from international protection if serious reasons exist to consider that they have committed serious non-political crimes. This contribution discusses whether migrant smuggling can be considered as such and whether various forms of participation in smuggling operations give rise to individual responsibility and trigger application of article 1F(b).
Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in Clinical Practice – Rewiev
Authors: Warzecha Maja , Czerwiński Edward , Amarowicz Jarosław , Berwecka Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is the basic method for assessing fracture risk and diagnosing osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the T-score at the proximal femur or spine is T≤-2.5; however, 70% of fractures occur in patients who do not fulfil this criterion. As BMD alone does not adequately predict fracture risk, additional methods supporting risk assessment are needed [3,4]. In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adopted the Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) as another diagnostic method for osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of TBS in clinical practice with particular attention to fracture risk assessment, differential diagnosis and assessment of treatment outcomes in patients suffering from primary or secondary osteoporosis. Literature analysis points to the increasing use of TBS in clinical practice. It has been found that, in different subjects with the same BMD, structural bone health is better differentiated using TBS. Additionally, it is valuable to use the DXA along with TBS analysis for improved prediction of fracture risk. Indirect assessment of bone structure with TBS is also helpful in assessing the effect of medications. In conclusion, TBS analysis is a valuable tool in the assessment of bone fracture risk and in the differential diagnosis of structural bone disorders in secondary osteoporosis.
Initiative and entrepreneurship as a key competence (of the teacher) of the 21st
century
Authors: Jaworska Joanna
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the issue of teacher's competence which is initiative and entrepreneurship. The author emphasizes the fact that the basis for the development of knowledge society are well-educated young people with appropriate competences. To do so, the modern school must have entrepreneurial teachers. The prerequisite for the success is a change in thinking about education.
Design thinking as support for academic education of pedagogues
Authors: Duda Ewa
Published: November 2018

The author of this study joins in the discourse on the topic of the modern teacher's education model. She notices that in the 21st century, the use of teaching–learning methods that support creativity, creative action, reflexivity, transgression becomes a duty at both, the academic and the school level. Presenting to young adepts of teaching faculties activating forms of didactic work will strengthen their pedagogical competences and encourage them to use these methods in their own professional work with children, youth or adult learner. The author also depicts the unquestionable advantages of personalized education, important regardless of the student age. On this background, she presents a special form of personalized education – "design thinking", which is an alternative to traditional education. She shows the successive stages of the didactic process, implemented using the design thinking method and its potential didactic and educational effects. The author emphasizes the possibility of implementing didactic innovations at universities, referring to practical examples of using the design thinking method in the academic and school environment.
New technologies in education – challenges for teachers in the perspective of transactional analysis
Authors: Pierzchała Anna
Published: November 2018

The transactional analysis concept assumes that everybody has specific areas of themselves: Parent ego-state, Adult ego-state and Child ego-state. In this approach, Parent and Child have two separate, in a sense, opposing aspects. In the case of the first one, it is a Controlling Parent and a Nurturing Parent, and in the case of Child – a Free Child and an Adapted Child. Entering into a relationship with another human being, we do it from the particular level of ourselves. In a traditional Polish school – already at the early education stage – relations between the teacher and the child usually take place between Controlling Parent and Adapted Child. On the other hand, the use of new technologies in education forces, in effect, the system to change to Adult–Adult with simultaneous involvement of a Free Child of both parties. The article concerns the analysis the difficulties resulting from the change of the said system (especially on the part of teachers) and the search for the reasons of this situation.
Improving social and cognitive skills of socially maladjusted youth: the example of the pedagogical innovation in resocialization of minors
Authors: Siemionow Justyna
Published: November 2018

Adolescence is often a period of especially heightened vulnerability as a consequence of potential disjunctions between developing brain, behavioral and cognitive systems that mature along different timetables and under the control of both common and independent biological processes. Taken together, these developments reinforce the emerging understanding of adolescence as a critical or sensitive period for a reorganization of regulatory systems, a reorganization that is fraught with both risks and opportunities. Moreover, this period is the time of making important decisions by juveniles which are connected with their future.
In the present article I describe the new model of working with pupils (from comprehensive school) and juveniles (from the Youth Centre) and propose to combine these two groups of participants which is a new solution in this area. Discussion in this article focuses on the benefits of different task which will be organized for both groups: pupils and juveniles. There is a growing pedagogical need to develop this type of programs.
Legal Consciousness at the Early Stage of Personality Development from the Perspective of Russian Neo-Kantian Philosophy of Pedagogy
Authors: Vorobiev Maxim V.
Published: November 2018

In this study, I investigate the philosophico-pedagogical concepts developed by German and Russian Neo-Kantians, namely P. Natorp, S. I. Hessen, M. M. Rubinstein. In order to identify the peculiarities of the approaches of the Neo-Kantians to legal consciousness in children, I show that the widely accepted view that Hessen borrowed Natorp’s hierarchical triad of moral development — anomie, heteronomy, and autonomy — lacks a solid ground. Moreover, Natorp generally does not use the concept of anomie to characterise the state of morality and legal consciousness during early childhood, and Rubinstein’s position on this issue is closer to the position of Natorp than to that of Hessen. Furthermore, I examine the differences in the views of the Russian Neo-Kantians on play as an activity crucial for the understanding of human childhood. According to Hessen, play is anomic, whereas Rubinstein sees it as a collaborative activity that can engender respect for other people and their rights, i.e., to legal consciousness. In conclusion, I address Hessen’s and Rubinstein’s understandings of the phenomena of law and legal consciousness, which determined their definitions of legal consciousness in children. Unlike Hessen, who insists that anomie is innate in early childhood, since children of that age are unfamiliar with ethical categories, Rubinstein introduces the concept of “legal psychology,” which contains the germs of legal consciousness.
At skabe nye kropslige fortællinger
Authors: Mortensen Malene Nørup , Ravn Susanne
Published: November 2018

Artiklens formål er at undersøge, hvilke læringsmuligheder der er forbundet med, at eleverne møder de kreative danseaktiviteter sammen med en professionel danseformidler et par timer en enkelt dag. Beskrivelser og analyser er funderet i et flerstedet feltarbejde og inkluderer observationer, uformelle og formelle interviews. Otte forskellige skoleklasser på tre forskellige skoler i Nordjylland, DK samt to danseformidlere indgår i studiet.