bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Complications and In-Hospital Mortality in Partial and Radical Nephrectomy Patients with Heart-Valve Replacement
Authors: Siech Carolin , Baudo Andrea , de Angelis Mario , Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Di Bello Francesco , Goyal Jordan A. , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Longo Nicola , Carmignani Luca , de Cobelli Ottavio , Briganti Alberto , Kosiba Marina , Mandel Philipp , Kluth Luis A. , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: March 2024

Background

In-hospital mortality and complication rates after partial and radical nephrectomy in patients with history of heart-valve replacement are unknown.

Patients and Methods

Relying on the National Inpatient Sample (2000–2019), kidney cancer patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy were stratified according to presence or absence of heart-valve replacement. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models addressed adverse hospital outcomes.

Results

Overall, 39,673 patients underwent partial nephrectomy versus 94,890 radical nephrectomy. Of those, 248 (0.6%) and 676 (0.7%) had a history of heart-valve replacement. Heart-valve replacement patients were older (median partial nephrectomy 69 versus 60 years; radical nephrectomy 71 versus 63 years), and more frequently exhibited Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 3 (partial nephrectomy 22 versus 12%; radical nephrectomy 32 versus 23%). In partial nephrectomy patients, history of heart-valve replacement increased the risk of cardiac complications [odds ratio (OR) 4.33; p < 0.001), blood transfusions (OR 2.00; p < 0.001), intraoperative complications (OR 1.53; p = 0.03), and longer hospital stay [rate ratio (RR) 1.25; p < 0.001], but not in-hospital mortality (p = 0.5). In radical nephrectomy patients, history of heart-valve replacement increased risk of postoperative bleeding (OR 4.13; p < 0.001), cardiac complications (OR 2.72; p < 0.001), intraoperative complications (OR 1.53; p < 0.001), blood transfusions (OR 1.27; p = 0.02), and longer hospital stay (RR 1.12; p < 0.001), but not in-hospital mortality (p = 0.5).

Conclusions

History of heart-valve replacement independently predicted four of twelve adverse outcomes in partial nephrectomy and five of twelve adverse outcomes in radical nephrectomy patients including intraoperative and cardiac complications, blood transfusions, and longer hospital stay. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed in in-hospital mortality.
Postoperative intussusception in children operated for primary intussusception - A very rare entity
Authors: Chaudhary Muhammad Amjad , Chandni  , Aisha Malik  , Sadia Asmat Burki
Published: March 2024

Postoperative intussusception (POI) after abdominal and non-abdominal operations is a rare but recognized condition discussed several times in literature. There are scarce reports regarding POI in children operated primarily for intussusception. We discuss three such cases that were seen in our institution in the last two years. The patients showed symptoms of atypical ileus that failed to resolve two to eight days following primary surgery. Ultrasound reported intussusception and surgical intervention was sought. All patients had ileoileal intussusception. Manual reduction was successful in two cases. One had intestinal necrosis and underwent resection and anastomosis. Recovery was satisfactory without recurrence. POI should be suspected in patients who show signs of intestinal obstruction in early postoperative period. A second POI should be kept in mind after surgical reduction of the first intussusception. Ultrasound should be performed to aid diagnosis followed by urgent surgical intervention.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8276

How to cite this: Chaudhary MA, Chandni, Jamil A, Burki SA. Postoperative intussusception in children operated for primary intussusception - A very rare entity. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8276

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
INTERNET ADDICTION: METHODS FOR ASSESSING VARIOUS FORMS OF COMPUTER DEPENDENCE
Authors: Moskalenko Olga L.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: analysis of methods for assessing various forms of computer addiction in domestic and foreign scientific research.

Materials and methods. The article presents a review of the literature and analyzes scientific research on Internet addiction in children, adolescents and adolescents. The advantages internet addiction assessment methods (ease of use; minimum filling time; quantitative and qualitative assessment of the features of Internet addiction in children, adolescents and adolescents; obtaining information from any number of respondents) and disadvantages (information obtained during the survey process may be subjective, which can be link the pressure of social approval) of diagnostic questionnaires with the interpretation of the results obtained. In most of the presented scientific studies, the most accessible research methods were used to assess the characteristics of Internet addiction - questionnaires, questioning (full-time).

A scientific search was carried out using the relevant keywords and basic terms in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in the Scopus database, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI (eLIBRARY.RU) and others.

Results. According to the results of studies conducted in different countries, Internet addiction is widespread among children, adolescents and adolescents, and every year their number is increasing.

Conclusion. It should be noted that each questionnaire has its own advantages and disadvantages, diagnostic criteria of the norm, the inclusion or non-inclusion of individuals in the study, the formation of groups, as well as the compliance of the questionnaire methods and the results of the study with the tasks set - "validity".
Fixed Point Label Attribution for Real-Time Bidding
Authors: Bompaire Martin , Désir Antoine , Heymann Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Problem definition: Most of the display advertising inventory is sold through real-time auctions. The participants of these auctions are typically bidders (Google, Criteo, RTB House, and Trade Desk for instance) that participate on behalf of advertisers. In order to estimate the value of each display opportunity, they usually train advanced machine learning algorithms using historical data. In the labeled training set, the inputs are vectors of features representing each display opportunity, and the labels are the generated rewards. In practice, the rewards are given by the advertiser and are tied to whether a particular user converts. Consequently, the rewards are aggregated at the user level and never observed at the display level. A fundamental task that has, to the best of our knowledge, been overlooked is to account for this mismatch and split, or attribute, the rewards at the right granularity level before training a learning algorithm. We call this the label attribution problem. Methodology/results: In this paper, we develop an approach to the label attribution problem, which is both theoretically justified and practical. In particular, we develop a fixed point algorithm that allows for large-scale implementation and showcase our solution using a large-scale publicly available data set from Criteo, a large demand-side platform. We dub our approach the fixed point label attribution algorithm. Managerial implications: There is often a hidden leap of faith when transforming the advertiser’s signal into display labeling. Demand Side Platforms providers should be careful when building their machine learning pipeline and carefully solve the label attribution step.
Bilateral pleural effusion in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis managed by VATS pleurodesis
Authors: Jonny Jonny , Violetta Laurencia
Published: March 2024

Pleuroperitoneal leak as a cause of pleural effusions in peritoneal dialysis is a rare but important complication to consider in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients presenting with recurrent progressive dyspnoea. Generally, these effusions are unilateral and right-sided, resulting in shortness of breath and reduced ultrafiltration volume, which are initially managed by peritoneal rest. We describe a case of bilateral pleural effusions in a 57-year-old female on chronic CAPD who developed recurrent progressive dyspnoea but maintained adequate dialysis output. A chest radiograph revealed bilateral pleural effusions with high glucose content, and scintigraphy confirmed the existence of a definite pleuroperitoneal communication. She was managed by temporary substitution to haemodialysis, followed by suturing of the shunt and successful video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) pleurodesis with an aldehyde-based surgical glue. Unexplained recurring dyspnoea in chronic CAPD should raise the suspicion of a possible pleuroperitoneal leak, even in patients without an apparent loss of ultrafiltration. Pleurodesis using an aldehyde-based adhesive was effective and tolerated well by our patient and may be considered in managing cases of recurrent pleural effusion.
A agricultura familiar como alternativa: em busca de segurança alimentar e nutricional
Authors: De Arruda André Soares Felipe , Mascarenhas Giovanni Martins de Araújo , De Oliveira Wanessa Honorato
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem como propósito apresentar a agricultura familiar como substancial alternativa nos processos de geração de segurança alimentar junto às populações em situação de fragilidade social e de insegurança alimentar no planeta, partindo de uma análise de dados, informações e relatos de políticas públicas no Brasil. Para a construção desse argumento, o texto fundamentou-se inicialmente nos objetivos do Direito Agrário Contemporâneo, ramo vinculado às lutas pela consecução de direitos previstos na Constituição Federal, e em textos infraconstitucionais, em especial a realização de direitos fundamentais entrelaçados à pauta da segurança alimentar, que traz para o debate questões como capacidade produtiva, disponibilidade e qualidade dos alimentos. A contraposição desses objetivos permitiu evidenciar que o modelo produtivista-tecnológico atualmente existente segue a lógica da modernização conservadora implementada a partir da década de 60, cuja proposta de modernização dos modos de produção para aumentar o volume produzido, e, assim, enfrentar a possível escassez de alimentos anunciada por Malthus, representava uma mera ilusão e nunca foi eficaz para a redução efetiva da fome no planeta. Por fim, discutiu-se como a agricultura familiar é responsável pela produção dos alimentos básicos consumidos no país, como arroz, feijão, milho, verduras, entre outros e, por esse motivo, é evidente a sua relevância para a alimentação diária dos brasileiros, oferecendo produtos com qualidade superior aos da produção tecnológica e, muitas vezes, sem as elevadas quantidades de químicos usados nas plantações extensivas, demonstrando a sintonia da agricultura familiar com a pauta da segurança alimentar e nutricional.
Analysis of the causes of primary revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A case series
Authors: Zhao Jin-Long , Jin Xiao , Huang He-Tao , Yang Wei-Yi , Li Jia-Hui , Luo Ming-Hui , Liu Jun , Pan Jian-Ke
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has great advantages in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis, but its revision rate is higher than that of total knee arthroplasty.

AIM

To summarize and analyse the causes of revision after UKA.

METHODS

This is a retrospective case series study in which the reasons for the first revision after UKA are summarized. We analysed the clinical symptoms, medical histories, laboratory test results, imaging examination results and treatment processes of the patients who underwent revision and summarized the reasons for primary revision after UKA.

RESULTS

A total of 13 patients, including 3 males and 10 females, underwent revision surgery after UKA. The average age of the included patients was 67.62 years. The prosthesis was used for 3 d to 72 months. The main reasons for revision after UKA were improper suturing of the surgical opening (1 patient), osteophytes (2 patients), intra-articular loose bodies (2 patients), tibial prosthesis loosening (2 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (1 patient), gasket dislocation (3 patients), anterior cruciate ligament injury (1 patient), and medial collateral ligament injury with residual bone cement (1 patient).

CONCLUSION

The causes of primary revision after UKA were gasket dislocation, osteophytes, intra-articular loose bodies and tibial prosthesis loosening. Avoidance of these factors may greatly reduce the rate of revision after UKA, improve patient satisfaction and reduce medical burden.
Clinical characteristics of acute non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the effect of endoscopic hemostasis
Authors: Wang Xiao-Juan , Shi Yu-Peng , Wang Li , Li Ya-Ni , Xu Li-Juan , Zhang Yue , Han Shuang
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) constitutes a prevalent emergency within Gastroenterology, encompassing 80%-90% of all gastrointestinal hemorrhage incidents. This condition is distinguished by its abrupt onset, swift progression, and notably elevated mortality rate.

AIM

To gather clinical data from patients with ANVUGIB at our hospital in order to elucidate the clinical characteristics specific to our institution and analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis.

METHODS

We retrospectively retrieved the records of 532 patients diagnosed with ANVUGIB by endoscopy at our hospital between March 2021 and March 2023, utilizing our medical record system. Data pertaining to general patient information, etiological factors, disease outcomes, and other relevant variables were meticulously collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Among the 532 patients diagnosed with ANVUGIB, the male-to-female ratio was 2.91:1, with a higher prevalence among males. Notably, 43.6% of patients presented with black stool as their primary complaint, while 27.4% had hematemesis as their initial symptom. Upon admission, 17% of patients exhibited both hematemesis and black stool, while most ANVUGIB patients primarily complained of overt gastrointestinal bleeding. Urgent routine blood examinations at admission revealed that 75.8% of patients had anemia, with 63.4% experiencing moderate to severe anemia, and 1.5% having extremely severe anemia (hemoglobin < 30 g/L). With regard to etiology, 53.2% of patients experienced bleeding without a definitive trigger, 24.2% had a history of using gastric mucosa-irritating medications, 24.2% developed bleeding after alcohol consumption, 2.8% attributed it to improper diet, 1.7% to emotional excitement, and 2.3% to fatigue preceding the bleeding episode. Drug-induced ANVUGIB was more prevalent in the elderly than middle-aged and young individuals, while bleeding due to alcohol consumption showed the opposite trend. Additionally, diet-related bleeding was more common among the young age group compared to the middle-aged group. Gastrointestinal endoscopy identified peptic ulcers as the most frequent cause of ANVUGIB (73.3%), followed by gastrointestinal malignancies (10.9%), acute gastric mucous lesions (9.8%), and androgenic upper gastrointestinal bleeding (1.5%) among inpatients with ANVUGIB. Of the 532 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, 68 underwent endoscopic hemostasis, resulting in an endoscopic treatment rate of 12.8%, with a high immediate hemostasis success rate of 94.1%.

CONCLUSION

ANVUGIB patients exhibit diverse characteristics across different age groups, and endoscopic hemostatic treatments have demonstrated remarkable efficacy.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis induced by X-linked agammaglobulinemia: A case report
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Ming , Tan Li , Li Xin
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) are rare diseases in children. Many theories infer that immunodeficiency can induce PAP, but these reports are almost all review articles, and there is little clinical evidence. We report the case of a child with both PAP and XLA.

CASE SUMMARY

A 4-month-old boy sought medical treatment due to coughing and difficulty in breathing for > 2 wk. He had been hospitalized multiple times due to respiratory infections and diarrhea. Chest computed tomography and alveolar lavage fluid showed typical PAP-related manifestations. Genetic testing confirmed that the boy also had XLA. Following total lung alveolar lavage and intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy, the boy recovered and was discharged. During the follow-up period, the number of respiratory infections was significantly reduced, and PAP did not recur.

CONCLUSION

XLA can induce PAP and improving immune function contributes to the prognosis of children with this type of PAP.
Gradient inflammation in the pancreatic stump after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Two case reports and review of literature
Authors: Wang Tie-Gong , Tian Liang , Zhang Xiao-Ling , Zhang Lei , Zhao Xiu-Lei , Kong De-Shuai
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored this pathology in the pancreatic stumps and elucidated the mechanisms of POPF following PD.

CASE SUMMARY

Pathological analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed on specimens obtained from two patients who underwent complete pancreatectomy for grade C POPF after PD. Gradient inflammation is present in the pancreatic stump. The apoptosis was lower than that in the normal pancreas. Moreover, neutrophil-dominated inflammatory cells are concentrated in the ductal system. Notably, neutrophils migrated through the ductal wall in acinar duct metaplasia-formed ducts. Additionally, evidence indicates that gut microbes migrate from the digestive tract. Gradient inflammation occurs in pancreatic stumps after PD.

CONCLUSION

The mechanisms underlying POPF include high biochemical activity in the pancreas, mechanical injury, and digestive reflux. To prevent POPF and address pancreatic inflammation and reflux, breaking the link with anastomotic dehiscence is practical.
Low interleukin-10 level indicates a good prognosis in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-induced pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report
Authors: Chen Yuan-Yuan , Xu Xiang-Zhi , Xu Xiao-Jun
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) triggered by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is rare in pediatric patients. There is no consensus on how to treat S. typhimurium -triggered sHLH.

CASE SUMMARY

A 9-year-old boy with intermittent fever for 3 d presented to our hospital with positive results for S. typhimurium , human rhinovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. At the time of admission to our institution, the patient’s T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine levels were 326 pg/mL for interleukin 6 (IL-6), 9.1 pg/mL for IL-10, and 246.7 pg/mL for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), for which the ratio of IL-10 to IFN-γ was 0.04. In this study, the patient received meropenem, linezolid, and cefoperazone/sulbactam in combination with high-dose methylprednisolone therapy (10 mg/kg/d for 3 d) and antishock supportive treatment twice. After careful evaluation, this patient did not receive HLH chemotherapy and recovered well.

CONCLUSION

S. Typhimurium infection-triggered sHLH patient had a ratio of IL-10 to IFN-γ ≤ 1.33, an IL-10 concentration ≤ 10.0 pg/mL, and/or an IFN-γ concentration ≤ 225 pg/mL at admission. Early antimicrobial and supportive treatment was sufficient, and the HLH-94/2004 protocol was not necessary under these conditions.
Multi-systemic melioidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes in non-endemic areas: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ni Huan-Yu , Zhang Ying , Huang Dong-Hai , Zhou Feng
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei ), occurs endemically in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and is a serious opportunistic infection associated with a high mortality rate.

CASE SUMMARY

A 58-year-old woman presented with scattered erythema on the skin of her limbs, followed by fever and seizures. B. pseudomalle i was isolated successively from the patient’s urine, blood, and pus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abscess formation involving the right forehead and the right frontal region. Subsequently, abscess resection and drainage were performed. The patient showed no signs of relapse after 4 months of follow-up visits post-treatment.

CONCLUSION

We present here a unique case of multi-systemic melioidosis that occurs in non-endemic regions in a patient who had no recent travel history. Hence, it is critical to enhance awareness of melioidosis in non-endemic regions.
Challenging anticoagulation therapy for multiple primary malignant tumors combined with thrombosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Chen Jia-Xin , Xu Ling-Ling , Cheng Jing-Ping , Xu Xun-Hua
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Venous thromboembolism significantly contributes to patient deterioration and mortality. Management of its etiology and anticoagulation treatment is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive consideration of various factors, including the bleeding risk, dosage, specific anticoagulant medications, and duration of therapy. Herein, a case of lower extremity thrombosis with multiple primary malignant tumors and high risk of bleeding was reviewed to summarize the shortcomings of treatment and prudent anticoagulation experience.

CASE SUMMARY

An 83-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to a 2-wk history of left lower extremity edema that had worsened over 2 d. Considering her medical history and relevant post-admission investigations, it was determined that the development of left lower extremity venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in this case could be attributed to a combination of factors, including multiple primary malignant tumors, iliac venous compression syndrome, previous novel coronavirus infection, and inadequate treatment for prior thrombotic events. However, the selection of appropriate anticoagulant medications, determination of optimal drug dosages, and establishment of an appropriate duration of anticoagulation therapy were important because of concurrent thrombocytopenia, decreased quantitative fibrinogen levels, and renal insufficiency.

CONCLUSION

Anticoagulant prophylaxis should be promptly initiated in cases of high-risk thrombosis. Individualized anticoagulation therapy is required for complex thrombosis.
CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIOECONÔMICAS E DEMOGRÁFICAS E APOSENTADORIA: Estudo descritivo
Authors: De Souza Lais Francisca , Brunassi Silva Vinicius Augusto
Published: March 2024

O artigo estuda a correlação entre variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas com as percepções dos indivíduos sobre aposentadoria. Utilizando os dados da pesquisa “Raio X do investidor”, realizada pela Associação Brasileira das Entidades dos Mercados Financeiro e de Capitais (ANBIMA), com parceria do DataFolha. A investigação foi realizada por meio de análise descritiva e regressão logística, tendo como variável dependente perguntas sobre aposentadoria que captaram questões, como estratégia, padrão de vida esperado e idade que o indivíduo pretende se aposentar. Os principais resultados sugerem gêneros têm percepções distintas acerca da aposentadoria. O estudo também reforça que indivíduos com menores níveis de escolaridade e renda são mais propensos a escolher o INSS como estratégia. Os achados reforçam desigualdades existentes no País, sendo útil para agentes políticos e estratégias previdenciária. O artigo contribui ao complementar estudos de finanças pessoais, como Potrich, Vieira & Kirch (2015), inovando com o foco nas questões de aposentadoria.
Asymmetric leader-laggard cluster synchronization for collective decision-making with laser network
Authors: Kotoku Shun , Mihana Takatomo , Röhm André , Horisaki Ryoichi , Naruse Makoto
Published: March 2024

Photonic accelerators have recently attracted soaring interest, harnessing the ultimate nature of light for information processing. Collective decision-making with a laser network, employing the chaotic and synchronous dynamics of optically interconnected lasers to address the competitive multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem, is a highly compelling approach due to its scalability and experimental feasibility. We investigated essential network structures for collective decision-making through quantitative stability analysis. Moreover, we demonstrated the asymmetric preferences of players in the CMAB problem, extending its functionality to more practical applications. Our study highlights the capability and significance of machine learning built upon chaotic lasers and photonic devices.
Reconstruction for beam blockage of lidar based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Yuan Jinlong , Guan Li , Su Lian , Wei Tianwen , Xia Haiyun
Published: March 2024

Doppler lidar is an active laser remote sensing instrument. However, beam blockage caused by low-altitude obstacles is a critical factor affecting the quality of lidar data. To reconstruct the line of sight velocities (LOSV) in areas with beam blockages and to evaluate the effectiveness of reconstruction results, the LOSV-filling network (LFnet) approach based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and an evaluation scheme based on the degree of blockage are proposed in this paper. The LFnet comprises two adversarial models. The first adversarial model captures the structural features of LOSV to output the edge map, and the second adversarial fills in the blockage area using the edge map. We have built a packaged dataset consisting of training, validation and test datasets with mask sets. Then the sensitivity of the reconstruction effectiveness with different shielding conditions is studied, to reveal the mechanism of shielding influencing the reconstruction. A series of indicators were used to evaluate the model's performance, including the traditional indicators and the proposed indicator of root mean square error (RMSE). Finally, LFnet was demonstrated in a practical application in an airport. The complete process of an easterly gust front is reconstructed with RMSE less than 0.85 m/s, which has significance for flight safety.
Programmable spin and transport of a living shrimp egg through photoacoustic pressure
Authors: Zhao Xichuan , Zhang Ruoqin , Li Jinzhi , Zhou Di , Li Feng , Guo Honglian
Published: March 2024

In the fields of biomedicine and microfluidics, the non-contact capture, manipulation, and spin of micro-particles hold great importance. In this study, we propose a programmable non-contact manipulation technique that utilizes photoacoustic effect to spin and transport living shrimp eggs. By directing a modulated pulsed laser toward a liquid-covered stainless-steel membrane, we can excite patterned Lamb waves within the membrane. These Lamb waves occur at the interface between the membrane and the liquid, enabling the manipulation of nearby particles. Experimental results demonstrate the successful capture, spin, and transport of shrimp eggs in diameter of 220 µm over a distance of about 5 mm. Calculations indicate that the acoustic radiation force and torque generated by our photoacoustic manipulation system are more than 299.5 nN and 41.0 nN·mm, respectively. The system surpasses traditional optical tweezers in terms of force and traditional acoustic tweezers in terms of flexibility. Consequently, this non-contact manipulation system significantly expands the possibilities for applications in various fields, including embryo screening, cell manipulation, and microfluidics.
All-solid highly sensitive fiber-tip magnetic field sensor based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer with a breakpoint structure
Authors: Zhang Yingfang , Ma Xingchao , Xu Ben , Li Jianqing , Chen Huifang , Kang Juan , Zhao Chunliu , Jin Shangzhong
Published: March 2024

An all-solid fiber-tip Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) coated with a nickel film is proposed and experimentally verified for magnetic field sensing with high sensitivity. It is fabricated by splicing a segment of a thin-wall capillary tube to a standard single-mode fiber (SMF), then inserting a tiny segment of fiber with a smaller diameter into the capillary tube, and creating an ultra-narrow air-gap at the SMF end to form an FPI. When the device is exposed to magnetic field, the capillary tube is strained due to the magnetostrictive effect of the nickel film coated on its outer surface. In addition, owing to the unique breakpoint sensitivity-enhancement structure of the air-gap FPI, the elongation of the capillary tube whose length is over 100 times longer than the air-gap width is entirely transferred to the cavity length change of the FPI, and the sensor is extremely sensitive to the magnetic field as proved by our experiments, achieving a high sensitivity of up to 2.236 nm/mT for a linear magnetic field range from 40 to 60 mT, as well as a low-temperature cross-sensitivity of 56 µT/°C. The all-solid stable structure, compact size (total length of ∼3.0 mm), and reflective working mode with high magnetic field sensitivity indicate that this sensor has good application prospects.
Extraction of Attenuation and Backscattering Coefficient along Hollow Core Fiber Length using Two-Way Optical Time Domain Backscattering
Authors: Wei Xuhao , Fokoua Eric Numkam , Poletti Francesco , Slavik Radan
Published: March 2024

Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) is a key technique to characterize fabricated and installed optical fibers. OTDR of emerging Hollow Core Fibers (HCFs) has been demonstrated only very recently, being almost 30 dB weaker than in the glass-core optical fibers. Additionally, it has been challenging to extract useful data from the OTDR traces of HCFs, as the longitudinal variation in the fiber’s geometry, notably the core size or the longitudinal variations of the air pressure within the core result in commensurate changes of the backscattering strength. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the distributed loss and backscattering coefficient in antiresonant HCFs can be separated, obtaining key data about the fiber distributed loss and uniformity. This is enabled by using OTDR traces obtained from both ends of the HCF.
Geometric construction of relativistic and non-relativistic distortion
Authors: Wells Gordon , Wu YiChen , Locher Maik , Courtial Johannes
Published: March 2024

To an observer moving through a scene with a relativistic velocity, the scene appears distorted. Here we present a simple geometric interpretation of this relativistic distortion. This interpretation is exact for pinhole cameras whose shutter coincides with the pinhole, and it can easily be modified to take into account time-of-flight effects only that lead to a "non-relativistic distortion", allowing a separation of the relativistic distortion into time-of-flight effects and "truly relativistic" effects. We make use of our construction in Einstagram, a web app designed for running on mobile devices that displays the video streams from the device cameras, relativistically or non-relativistically distorted for an arbitrary, user-defined, observer velocity. Our work facilitates an intuitive understanding of relativistic distortion.
Swallowing kinematics and submental muscles activation during a newly designed maneuver called Mouth Open Swallowing Maneuver: A comparative study
Authors: Yaşaroğlu Ömer Faruk , Serel Arslan Selen , Cengiz Emre , Alıcı Rabia , Demir Numan , Oğuz Berna , Düger Tülin
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to design a new maneuver called the Mouth Open Swallowing Maneuver (MOSM), and to compare swallowing kinematics and submental muscles activation (SMA) between MOSM and two current approaches used in dysphagia rehabilitation. Fifty healthy volunteers were asked to perform three repetitions of dry swallowing (DS) (control task), the MOSM, the Mendelsohn Maneuver (MM), and the Tongue-Hold Maneuver (THM) during videofluoroscopic swallowing study accompanied with simultaneous SMA recording. Swallowing kinematics were measured by frame-by-frame analysis on hyolaryngeal movement using ImageJ. Swallowing with maximum hyolaryngeal movement and SMA during these tasks was used for comparative analysis. Vertical movement of the hyoid during the MOSM was significantly greater than those observed during the DS and the THM (p<0.001, p<0.001). Horizontal movement of the hyoid during DS and the THM was significantly greater than that observed during the MM (p = 0.001, p = 0.001). Vertical movement of the larynx during the MOSM was significantly greater than those observed during DS, MM, and THM (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between tasks in horizontal movement of the larynx (p = 0.785). SMA during the THM was significantly greater than that observed during MOSM (p = 0.002). No significant difference was found between other tasks in terms of SMA (p>0.05). The MOSM as a newly designed maneuver was significantly superior to other maneuvers in increasing vertical hyolaryngeal movement. The THM has as much effect on hyolaryngeal movement as the MM. In this study, the MOSM was shown to be effective in increasing hyolaryngeal movement.

ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS); the clinical trial registration number (NCT05579041).
Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related complications on in-hospital mortality
Authors: Byun Eunae , Kang Pil Je , Jung Sung Ho , Park Seo Young , Lee Sang Ah , Kwon Tae-Won , Cho Yong-Pil
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a well-established treatment for supporting severe cardiopulmonary failure, the morbidity and mortality of patients requiring ECMO support remain high. Evaluating and correcting potential risk factors associated with any ECMO-related complications may improve care and decrease mortality. This study aimed to assess the predictors of ECMO-related vascular and cerebrovascular complications among adult patients and to test the hypothesis that ECMO-related complications are associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study included 856 ECMO runs administered via cannulation of the femoral vessels of 769 patients: venoarterial (VA) ECMO (n = 709, 82.8%) and venovenous (VV) ECMO (n = 147, 17.2%). The study outcomes included the occurrence of ECMO-related vascular and cerebrovascular complications and in-hospital death. The association of ECMO-related complications with the risk of in-hospital death was analyzed.

Results

The incidences of ECMO-related vascular and cerebrovascular complications were 20.2% and 13.6%, respectively. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 48.7%: 52.8% among VA ECMO runs and 29.3% among VV ECMO runs. Multivariable analysis indicated that age (P < 0.01), cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (P < 0.01), continuous renal replacement therapy (P < 0.01), and initial platelet count [<50×103/μL (P = 0.02) and 50–100(×103)/μL (P < 0.01)] were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. ECMO-related vascular and cerebrovascular complications were not independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates for VA or VV ECMO runs.

Conclusion

ECMO-related vascular and cerebrovascular complications were not associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death among adult patients.
GNViT- An enhanced image-based groundnut pest classification using Vision Transformer (ViT) model
Authors: P. Venkatasaichandrakanth , M. Iyapparaja
Published: March 2024

Crop losses caused by diseases and pests present substantial challenges to global agriculture, with groundnut crops particularly vulnerable to their detrimental effects. This study introduces the Groundnut Vision Transformer (GNViT) model, a novel approach that harnesses a pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) on the ImageNet dataset. The primary goal is to detect and classify various pests affecting groundnut crops. Rigorous training and evaluation were conducted using a comprehensive dataset from IP102, encompassing pests such as Thrips, Aphids, Armyworms, and Wireworms. The GNViT model’s effectiveness was assessed using reliability metrics, including the F1-score, recall, and overall accuracy. Data augmentation with GNViT resulted in a significant increase in training accuracy, achieving 99.52%. Comparative analysis highlighted the GNViT model’s superior performance, particularly in accuracy, compared to state-of-the-art methodologies. These findings underscore the potential of deep learning models, such as GNViT, in providing reliable pest classification solutions for groundnut crops. The deployment of advanced technological solutions brings us closer to the overarching goal of reducing crop losses and enhancing global food security for the growing population.
The Dialectical Syllogism in Aristotle’s Topics
Authors: Martins Mendonça Fernando
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is an attempt to delimitate what the dialectical syllogism looks like in Aristotle’s Topics.  Aristotle never gave an example of a dialectical syllogism, but we have some clues spread over books I and VIII of the Topics which make it possible to understand at least what within a dialectical debate is a dialectical syllogism. The interpretation advanced here distinguishes the logical order of the dialectical argumentation from the order of the debate. This distinction enables us to have a better understand of what is and how the dialectical syllogism is identified in the debate. In addition, we can solve some interpretative difficulties other interpretations could not solve, and have a more solid grasp of how endoxa are used in a dialectical debate.
Relationship in the Socioeconomics of a Neighborhood and the Impact on Academic Achievement in the Children of Housing Choice Voucher Participants
Authors: Kelly Damien
Published: March 2024

Housing Choice Vouchers have expanded housing opportunities for millions of low-income households throughout the United States. Vouchers provide low-income households the opportunity to move to different neighborhoods. A growing body of research has shown where a household resides has a large impact on both economic outcomes, and the quality of their children’s education. This is the first of a three-part research project which explored the effect neighborhood choice has on the academic achievement of Housing Choice Voucher participant’s high school aged children. Using survey data, this study explored the relationship neighborhood choice had on passing STAAR reading and mathematics exam in three different socioeconomic settings comprised of low, middle, and high-income neighborhoods. Findings were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square and frequency distributions. Findings suggest the income level of neighborhoods did not correlate to the passing of the standardized test.
Enhancing Mobility for the Visually Impaired with AI and IoT-Enabled Mobile Applications
Authors: Nasser Nidal , Ali Asmaa , Karim Lutful , Al-Helali AbdulAziz
Published: March 2024

Developing a mobile application that assists visually impaired persons (VIPs) in navigating public transportation systems is significantly important for the quality of life of the growing number of VIPs in the world. The application should utilize real-time information about bus and train schedules, as well as the layout of transit stations, to provide step-by-step directions to users for reaching their desired destination. The app should be accessible to individuals with a range of visual impairments, featuring high-contrast colors, large fonts, and text-to-speech functionality. It should also provide alerts when the user is approaching their stop and can communicate with transit operators to request assistance if needed. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the existing applications and systems available for VIP in transportation and other areas, finding out the limitations of these applications to propose new and efficient solutions, especially solutions involving Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT) – evolved cutting edge technologies.
Población estadística. Propuesta de enseñanza para favorecer el aprendizaje de las ideas fundamentales de la inferencia estadística paramétrica
Authors: Santarrone María Alejandra , Meyer Roberto
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el diseño de la secuencia de enseñanza, realizada en el marco de la tesis de maestría en docencia universitaria que persigue favorecer el aprendizaje de las ideas fundamentales de la inferencia estadística paramétrica en los alumnos de la cátedra de estadística de la carrera de Contador Público en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral de la República Argentina. El mismo se basa en una ingeniería didáctica (desde el enfoque ontológico–semiótico del conocimiento y de la instrucción matemáticos) y es concebido bajo los paradigmas educativos emergentes en los escenarios contemporáneos, que están estableciendo cambios en las concepciones metodológicas que orientan la formación de profesores en Docencia Universitaria, desde las tecnologías de la información hasta algo más aún cercano en el tiempo como ha sido la vorágine de la virtualidad en tiempos de pandemia.
Economic Empowerment Mustahiq Village Cimanggu Satu Through the Establishment of Bodies, Amil, Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah
Authors: Ariansyah Ariansyah , Muhlisin Muhlisin
Published: March 2024

According to Islamic teachings, poverty is a serious problem that must be given serious attention too. Therefore, Islam explains the problem of poverty and social inequality in detail, both in the aspect of conception and solution. This Community Service Report (PKM) discusses the establishment of Badan, Amil, Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (BAZIS) of Cimanggu Satu Village which aims to empower Mustahiq in Cimanggu Satu Village to further improve their economy by managing funds received from the results of Cimanggu Satu Village. zakat distribution becomes more productive.Keywords : Community Service, empowerment, zakat.
Strategy of Empowerment and Marketing of Bridal Crafts (Tamiyang)
Authors: Maulana Bayu
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research is to provide training in marketing broom handicraft products in Mekarjaya Village, Padamulya Village, where the artisans have problems and many people in the area do not know yet in the process of marketing activities. The approach taken to solve this problem uses a mentoring method in the form of marketing training. The results of the assistance and training program in improving the ability to manage broom products for the people of Padamulya Village can be seen from the change in mindset of the craft owners from those who previously only marketed their products in their home regions but now can expand their market share widely by using current technology, namely applications buying and selling online. In addition, people are starting to understand the importance of brands that affect sales.Keywords: Management, Marketing, Handicraft Product
Socialization of Islamic Banks Versus Conventional Bank Products: Increasing Knowledge of Santri in Pesantren Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta
Authors: Arwidia Shinta Shafa , Rahmita Tyas Ayu , Utdkhiati Alya Laili , Ardani Silvia Amelia , Usio Asa , Sadid M Anwar , Hasan Wildan Kurnia , Daffadhila Althaf , Mubarok Ibnul , Ariqa M Joan
Published: March 2024

The practice of usury carried out by several banks became anxious for some people who have a high religious level. Therefore, Islamic banks are established to become institutions for raising funds and financing for the people using sharia principles. But at this time literacy about Islamic banks is still minimal among the public. To increase literacy on Islamic banks in the community, socialization activities on Islamic banks were conducted to the public. The socialization activities were carried out at the Nurul Ummah Islamic Boarding School Student Dormitory. Material for socialization on management of the Islamic banking system with conventional banking. The socialization material was delivered in the form of powerpoints with the support of facilities and infrastructure including; laptops, projectors, screens and consumption. The result, participants of the socialization understand the differences between the management of Islamic banks and conventional banks.Keywords: Counseling, Islamic Banks, Conventional Banks
Profitability Antecedents of Sharia Life Insurance Companies
Authors: Afiifah Alifia Nur , Prajasari Anniza Citra
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of internal company factors on the profitability of sharia life insurance companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the object of research being sharia life insurance companies registered with the Financial Services Authority between 2017-2020. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using the Stata 24 application. The results show that partially investment returns have a significant positive effect, and claims have a significant negative effect on profitability. Meanwhile, the premium growth ratio, liquidity and risk based capital are not significant in influencing profitability
Model Pentahelix dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata di Desa Perlang Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung
Authors: Maulana M , Hanafi Syafiq Mahmadah , Azwar Budi
Published: March 2024

In an effort to develop the Perlang Tourism Village, through the role of the Pentahelix Model. Perlang Tourism Village is one of the tourism areas located in Lubuk Besar District, Central Bangka Regency which has the potential to be developed because it has many attractive tourist destinations. The role of Pentahelix such as Academics, Business, Community, Government and Media seeks to develop Perlang Tourism Village for the better. However, it is not known in depth the involvement of related parties in the Development of the Perlang Tourism Village. Therefore, the researcher made the formulation of the problem in this research how is the Pentahelix Model in the development of the Perlang Tourism Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the involvement of the role of each informant to optimize the development potential of the Perlang Tourism Village. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The conclusion in this study is that the Pentahelix Model in Perlang Tourism Village Development has been running optimally. This is because the collaboration between informants has been going well and the roles of each actor have been realized optimally.
Does COVID-19 Reduces Income and Wealth Inequality: Evidence from OIC Countries
Authors: Munandar Aris
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on income and wealth inequality in the 56 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member countries from 2010-2021. We employ a panel fixed effect model to estimate the relationship between a dummy COVID-19 outbreak and a comprehensive inequality proxy consisting of income and wealth inequality of the top 10%, bottom 50%, and top 1%, respectively. Findings suggest that while COVID-19 has contributed to a reduction in wealth inequality, it has not had a significant effect on income inequality. The restriction policies imposed during the pandemic have decreased the proportion of high-wealth individuals, but not the proportion of high-income earners. To further promote income equality, governments should focus on increasing foreign investment by improving the ease of doing business and enhancing political stability in the region.