bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dickens’s Working Notes for 'Dombey and Son'
Authors: Laing Tony
Published: March 2017

This critical edition of the working notes for Dombey and Son (1848) is ideal for readers who wish to know more about Dickens’s craft and creativity. Drawing on the author’s manuscript in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London—and containing hyperlinked facsimiles—Dickens’s Working Notes for Dombey and Son offers a new digital transcription with a fresh commentary by Tony Laing. Unique and innovative, this is the only edition to make Dickens’s working methods visible.

John Mullan has called Dombey and Son Dickens’s "first great novel.” Set amid the coming of the railways, it tells the story of a powerful man—typical of the commercial and banking magnates of the period—and the effect he has on his family and those around him. Laing presents the worksheets and other materials (transcribed for the first time) that together grew into the novel. Reading the book alongside this edition of the notes will enlarge the understanding of Dickens’s art among teachers, students, researchers and Dickens enthusiasts.

As cultural tastes shift from print to digital, Dickens’s Working Notes will help preserve Dickens’s work for the future. The magnifying and linking functions of the edition mean that the notes are more easily and usefully—not to mention accessibly—exhibited here than elsewhere. Laing gives present-day readers the chance not only to recapture the effect of serial publication but also to gain greater insight into the making of a work which by general agreement, and Dickens’s own admission, has a special place in his development as a novelist.

This close analysis of Dickens’s working notes uses Zoomify, allowing the reader of the HTML edition to greatly magnify the manuscript photographs and enabling more detailed examination.
Do the Effects of Strain and Religiosity on Criminal Coping Differ by Race and Ethnicity?
Authors: Barbieri Nina , Craig Jessica M.
Published: March 2017

Recently, Agnew suggested that delinquent offending is more likely to occur in the presence of a variety of criminogenic risk factors. Prior research has suggested that racial and ethnic differences exist in both the type and frequency of negative life experiences as well as coping mechanisms utilized in response to these strains. The current study sought to determine the relationship between prior victimization and a coping mechanism on subsequent offending, while controlling for the role of criminogenic risk factors. Racial and ethnic differences were also explored. Results revealed mixed support for general strain theory’s arguments on the unequivocal import of victimization as well as racial and ethnic differences in the impact of strain and religiosity on future offending. Future research considering criminal propensities and racial/ethnic differences are needed.
Breaking Up Isn’t Hard to Do: Exploring the Dissolution of Teachers’ and School Leaders’ Work-Related Ties
Authors: Spillane James P. , Shirrell Matthew
Published: March 2017

Purpose: School leaders are central to the development of work-related ties among school staff. Although prior work has examined the predictors of the presence of work-related ties, little is known about the breakup or dissolution of ties among school staff. This study examines the extent of tie dissolution among school staff, as well as both the individual- and organizational-level predictors of the breakup of ties. Research Methods: This study uses social network analysis of 4 years of survey data from 14 elementary schools in one suburban U.S. district. Social network models predict the likelihood of the breakup of a tie between school staff in three types of networks: close colleague networks, and instructional advice networks in mathematics and language arts. Findings: Work-related ties between school staff dissolve at high rates from year to year, and ties that dissolve generally do not re-form. Aspects of the formal school organization—particularly changing grade levels and losing leadership positions—predict the breakup of ties, while individual-level factors such as commitment to the school, perceptions of school leadership, and beliefs about instruction generally do not predict tie dissolution. Implications for Research and Practice: School leaders should carefully consider grade reassignments and changes in leadership positions, as these changes strongly predict the breakup of ties between school staff. School leaders should also invest in the promotion and maintenance of cross-grade ties after changes to grade-level assignments.
The experience of social protection in Palestine: An exploratory study of beneficiary perspectives
Authors: Easton Scott D , Safadi Najwa Sado , Crea Thomas M
Published: March 2017

Families in the Occupied Palestinian Territories face political and social problems that reinforce poverty and undermine well-being. Since the limited self-governance era, Palestinian National Authority implemented anti-poverty reforms, including national cash transfers; yet, little is known about how social assistance is perceived by beneficiaries. This exploratory study analyzed transcripts from interviews with Palestinian heads of households. Families were unclear about eligibility requirements and frustrated with funding changes. Cash transfers did not cover basic living requirements, forcing painful budget choices. Participants characterized social workers as generally effective but offered suggestions for program improvement. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Collaborative Coaching With Early Head Start Teachers Using Responsive Communication Strategies
Authors: Romano Mollie , Woods Juliann
Published: March 2017

This study used a single-case, multiple baseline design to examine the effectiveness of collaborative coaching on three Early Head Start (EHS) teachers’ use of responsive communication strategies with toddlers with communication delays. Child communication targets and teacher communication strategies were measured as secondary outcomes. The coaching approach included a joint planning session in which the interventionist and teachers chose child targets and how to embed strategies within classroom routines. The teachers increased their use of the responsiveness strategies in play and caregiving routines during intervention and maintenance. Child participants also increased their rates of communication during intervention and maintenance. Implications for professional development and the social validity of the approach are discussed.
Low 5-HT1B receptor binding in the migraine brain: A PET study
Authors: Deen Marie , Hansen Hanne D , Hougaard Anders , da Cunha-Bang Sofi , Nørgaard Martin , Svarer Claus , Keller Sune H , Thomsen Carsten , Ashina Messoud , Knudsen Gitte M
Published: March 2017

Background

The pathophysiology of migraine may involve dysfunction of serotonergic signaling. In particular, the 5-HT1B receptor is considered a key player due to the efficacy of 5-HT1B receptor agonists for treatment of migraine attacks.

Aim

To examine the cerebral 5-HT1B receptor binding in interictal migraine patients without aura compared to controls.

Methods

Eighteen migraine patients, who had been migraine free for >48 hours, and 16 controls were scanned after injection of the 5-HT1B receptor specific radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 for quantification of cerebral 5-HT1B receptor binding. Patients who reported migraine <48 hours after the PET examination were excluded from the final analysis. We defined seven brain regions involved in pain modulation as regions of interest and applied a latent variable model (LVM) to assess the group effect on binding across these regions.

Results

Our data support a model wherein group status predicts the latent variable ( p = 0.038), with migraine patients having lower 5-HT1B receptor binding across regions compared to controls. Further, in a whole-brain voxel-based analysis, time since last migraine attack correlated positively with 5-HT1B receptor binding in the dorsal raphe and in the midbrain.

Conclusion

We report here for the first time that migraine patients have low 5-HT1B receptor binding in pain modulating regions, reflecting decreased receptor density. This is either a primary constitutive trait of the migraine brain or secondary to repeated exposure to migraine attacks. We also provide indirect support for the dorsal raphe 5-HT1B receptors being temporarily downregulated during the migraine attack, presumably in response to higher cerebral serotonin levels in the ictal phase.
Does Nonformal Education Matter? Nonformal Education, Immigration, and Skills in Canada
Authors: Krupar Allyson , Horvatek Renata , Byun Soo-yong
Published: March 2017

This article examined the relationship between participation in adult nonformal education (NFE), defined as on-the-job training, attending private lessons, attending seminars, or distance learning, and Canadian immigrant respondents’ literacy and numeracy outcomes, using data from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies Survey. We found that although participation in some forms of NFE was significantly related to higher literacy and numeracy scores, such relationship tended to be greater for first-generation immigrants than for nonimmigrant adults, even after controlling for their linguistic and formal educational background. Our findings suggested that first-generation immigrants in Canada might benefit the most from increased participation in NFE programs and targeted policies.
When Push Comes to Shove: How Are Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder Coping With Bullying?
Authors: Altomare Alyssa A. , McCrimmon Adam W. , Cappadocia M. Catherine , Weiss Jonathan A. , Beran Tanya N. , Smith-Demers Amanda D.
Published: March 2017

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequent targets of peer victimization (i.e., bullying). Although the frequency and potential impact of such experiences on students with ASD has been examined, the potential coping strategies implemented by such students are relatively unexplored. This qualitative study examined coping strategies for peer victimization as suggested by 38 students with ASD who do not have cognitive impairment. Participants viewed cartoons depicting characters that experienced various forms of bullying at school and responded to open-ended questions to explore their suggested coping strategies. Thematic analysis yielded three themes: approach coping, avoidance coping, and complexities of bullying. This study provides insight into the coping strategies implemented by students with ASD and possible avenues for school-based intervention.
An analysis on the flow characteristics of bi-directional axial-flow pump under reverse operation
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Wang Jun
Published: March 2017

When the conventional bent guide vanes are applied to the bi-directional axial-flow pump, its performance declines considerably under reverse operation. Regarding a bi-directional axial-flow pump with high specific speed as the object of study, the variation of both hydraulic performance and internal flow field under reverse operation are analyzed in this paper. The results indicate that both the head and efficiency of the pump will drop greatly and the optimum operating point lean to the lower flow rate when it operates in the reverse direction, mainly due to the prewhirl caused by the guide vanes; the shedding vortex is formed after flow separation occurred near the trailing edge of blade, and its scale keeps increasing in the diffusing pipe during its motion until it collapses in the straight pipe, which is the major causes of the big flow loss and significant decline of the performance under reverse operation.
Kidney transplantation for end-stage renal disease in lupus nephritis, a very safe procedure: a single Latin American transplant center experience
Authors: Naranjo-Escobar J , Manzi E , Posada J G , Mesa L , Echeverri G J , Duran C , Schweneiberg J , Caicedo L A , Villegas J I , Tobón G J
Published: March 2017

Background

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most frequent complications of SLE and occurs in up to 50% of cases depending on the studied population. Of these, approximately 20% progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with the treatment of choice being a kidney transplant.

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical outcome of patients transplanted due to LN, compared with patients transplanted for other causes, in a Latin American population from the Fundación Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia.

Methods

Observational, retrospective case study with controls matched by age, sex and type of donor in a single center between 1996 and 2014.

Results

Sixty-five kidney transplants were performed in patients with LN and ESRD. The survival of patients with LN was 98% at 1, 10 and 15 years ( p = .99). For controls by age and sex, survival was also 98% at 15 years post-transplant, and for controls by donor, the survival rate was 100% at 5 years and 98% at 15 years. Graft survival in patients with LN to 1, 5 and 15 years was 92%, 83% and 71%, respectively; for controls by age and sex, it was 90%, 84% and 64%, respectively, and for the controls by donor, it was 89%, 86% and 79%, respectively ( p = .7718). There were no statistically significant differences found in the cumulative incidence of acute graft rejection in the first year, but it was found that acute rejection is a factor that relates to the loss of function of the renal graft ( p = .032). Of the patients transplanted for LN, two (3.1%) experienced a recurrence of the disease. One patient died after a diagnosis of recurrence of LN due to an infection.

Conclusions

Kidney transplantation is a good option for patients with ESRD due to LN. In this Hispanic population, the survival of patients, graft survival, and cumulative incidence of graft rejection are not different from those of other transplanted patients. In addition, recurrence of LN was rare, showing the benefits of renal transplantation in LN patients with ESRD.
Characterization of Vitreous and Aqueous Proteome in Humans With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Clinical Correlation
Authors: Balaiya Sankarathi , Zhou Zimei , Chalam Kakarla V
Published: March 2017

Aims:

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is associated with microvascular complications that cause biochemical changes in the human retina and alter the proteome of vitreous humor and aqueous humor (AH).

Methods:

Human vitreous humor and AH of PDR subjects were collected. Subjects who had surgery for epiretinal membrane or macular hole served as controls. Protein profiles were obtained and analyzed after running the samples on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

Results:

In vitreous humor, 16 unique proteins were noted in PDR patients, but not in controls. Those were associated mainly with coagulation, complement, and kallikrein-kinin systems. Under coagulation, fibrinogen and prothrombin proteins were more evident and may emphasize the importance of angiogenesis in the development of PDR. Vitreous proteins showed replicative presence in AH too. As for AH samples, we detected 10 proteins found in PDR patients, which were related to transport, coagulation, and inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

We found 57 proteins in human vitreous and 39 proteins in AH. Identification of these proteins that are involved in various pathways will be helpful to understand diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and to develop proteome as a biomarker for PDR.
Weaving Community-University Research and Action Partnerships for environmental justice
Authors: London Jonathan K , Schwarz Kirsten , Cadenasso Mary L , Cutts Bethany B , Mason Charles , Lim Jeanette , Valenzuela-Garcia Katie , Smith Heather
Published: March 2017

This article is a case study of one Community-University Research and Action Partnership (CURAP) focused on soil lead, urban gardening, and environmental justice in Sacramento, California. We argue that creating and sustaining CURAPs requires a process of weaving together diverse strands of knowledge, resources, and lines of accountability that connect all parties involved. Like the physical process of weaving fabric, weaving CURAPs involve creative and collaborative uses and responses to tension between all elements of a partnership. This is especially true in long-term partnerships intended to address systemic environmental injustices. This case highlights the power relationships and challenges associated with such partnerships and presents several lessons to enrich the scholarship and practices of action research.
“Thank You for Giving Me a Voice!” A Longitudinal Evaluation of Patients’ Experience of Partnering With Students in an Australian Medical School
Authors: Ivory Kimberley Dale , Luscombe Georgina , Klein Linda Ann , Barratt Alexandra
Published: March 2017

Background:

We evaluated the patient-partner experience in a longitudinal program called Integrated Population Medicine in the Sydney Medical School to assess its acceptability. The program exposed senior medical students to the lived experience of chronic disease.

Methods:

We surveyed 267 people with chronic conditions recruited as patient-partners by the 2012 student cohort in a mixed-methods longitudinal cohort study. Surveys were administered ‘over’ 18 months: before, during, and after the program.

Results:

A total of 155 (58%) patient-partners completed the baseline survey; 52 patients returned all 3 surveys. Patient-partners remained very positive about the program across all surveys. More than 95% of respondents enjoyed interacting with the student, and most were very positive about their role in teaching the student. Three major themes emerged: willingness to help, a sense of gratitude and enjoyment, and a chance to teach and learn. Participants were willing to discuss their illness experiences and were keen to spend more time with students.

Conclusions:

Patients are willing participants in longitudinal patient-partner programs. They perceive benefits for themselves and others, for the health system, and for students and would like to become more actively involved in medical education.
Cardiopulmonary response during whole-body vibration training in patients with severe COPD
Authors: Gloeckl Rainer , Richter Petra , Winterkamp Sandra , Pfeifer Michael , Nell Christoph , Christle Jeffrey W. , Kenn Klaus
Published: March 2017

Several studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shown that whole-body vibration training (WBVT) has beneficial effects on exercise capacity. However, the acute cardiopulmonary demand during WBVT remains unknown and was therefore investigated in this study.

Ten patients with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 38±8% predicted) were examined on two consecutive days. On day one, symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer. The next day, six bouts of repeated squat exercises were performed in random order for one, two or three minutes either with or without WBVT while metabolic demands were simultaneously measured.

Squat exercises with or without WBVT induced comparable ventilatory efficiency (minute ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide production (V′CO2): 38.0±4.4 with WBVTversus37.4±4.1 without, p=0.236). Oxygen uptake after 3 min of squat exercises increased from 339±40 mL·min−1to 1060±160 mL·min−1with WBVT and 988±124 mL min−1without WBV (p=0.093). However, there were no significant differences between squat exercises with and without WBVT in oxygen saturation (90±4%versus90±4%, p=0.068), heart rate (109±13 bpmversus110±15 bpm, p=0.513) or dyspnoea (Borg scale 5±2versus5±2, p=0.279).

Combining squat exercises with WBVT induced a similar cardiopulmonary response in patients with severe COPD compared to squat exercises without WBVT. Bearing in mind the small sample size, WBVT might be a feasible and safe exercise modality even in patients with severe COPD.
Fourth-order normal moveout velocity in elastic layered orthorhombic media — Part 2: Offset-azimuth domain
Authors: Koren Zvi , Ravve Igor
Published: March 2017

Based on the theory derived in part 1, in which we obtained the azimuthally dependent fourth-order normal-moveout (NMO) velocity functions for layered orthorhombic media in the slowness-azimuth/slowness and the slowness-azimuth/offset domains, in part 2, we extend the theory to the offset-azimuth/slowness and offset-azimuth/offset domains. We reemphasize that this paper does not suggest a new nonhyperbolic traveltime approximation; rather, it provides exact expressions of the NMO series coefficients, computed for normal-incidence rays, which can then be further used within known azimuthally dependent traveltime approximations for short to moderate offsets. The same type of models as in part 1 are considered, in which the layers share a common horizontal plane of symmetry, but the azimuths of their vertical symmetry planes are different. The same eight local (single-layer) and global (overburden multilayer) effective parameters are used. In addition, we have developed an alternative set of global effective parameters in which the “anisotropic” effective parameters are normalized, classified into two groups: two “azimuthally isotropic” parameters and six “azimuthally anisotropic” parameters. These parameters have a clearer physical interpretation and they are suitable for inversion purposes because they can be controlled and constrained. Next, we propose a special case, referred to as “weak azimuthal anisotropy,” in which only the azimuthally anisotropic effective parameters are assumed to be weak. The resulting NMO velocity functions are considerably simplified, reduced to the form of the slowness-azimuth/slowness formula. We verify the correctness of our method by applying it to a multilayer orthorhombic medium with strong anisotropy. We introduce our derived, fourth-order slowness-azimuth/offset domain NMO velocity function into the well-known nonhyperbolic asymptotic traveltime approximation, and we compare the approximate traveltimes with exact traveltimes obtained by two-point ray tracing. The comparison shows an accurate match up to moderate offsets. Although the accuracy with the weak azimuthal anisotropic formula is inferior, it can still be considered reasonable for practical use.
Famine Memory and Contemporary Irish Poetry
Authors: Eide Marian
Published: March 2017

Contemporary Irish poetry is producing a tradition of memorial to the Famine years of the 1840s. Countering purist versions of Irish identity as Catholic, indigenous, and rural, this body of work is provoked by Famine memory to explore Irishness as diasporic and widely transnational. This article thus reflects on the political and social responsibilities implied by such poetry’s inscription of history as exemplary cultural memory, with particular attention to transnational connection and environmental justice. Famine memory is inscribed iconographically as “postmemory” (to adapt Marianne Hirsch’s term), by which cultural memory constrained in a traumatic return to the past in present identity and within the island’s boundaries can open to its transnational diaspora, expanding from a rehearsal of historical grievance to an exploration of contemporary responsibility.
Information Technology, Repeated Contracts, and the Number of Suppliers
Authors: Aral Sinan , Bakos Yannis , Brynjolfsson Erik
Published: March 2017

Many theories address how information technology (IT) affects the number of suppliers and supply chain governance. However, their predictions are at times contradictory and there is relatively little empirical evidence with which to evaluate them. We therefore develop an integrated, multiperiod model of the optimal number of suppliers that combines search and coordination theory, transaction cost economics, and incomplete contracts theory, and we assess our theoretical predictions using a large new data set on the global IT sourcing decisions of 1,355 firms in 12 countries. Our empirical results support three key predictions about trust, IT, and supply base size. First, investments in coordination IT, which reduce search and coordination costs, are correlated with using more suppliers, while use of vendor-specific IT is associated with fewer suppliers. Second, repeated relationships and trust play a major role in supply chain governance. As firms work with fewer suppliers, they also engage in more repeated relationships. At the same time asset specificity and the need to induce relationship-specific investments are correlated not only with fewer suppliers, but also with a larger fraction of repeated relationships. Third, supply chain governance differs in human capital-intensive and physical capital-intensive industries. The correspondence between asset specificity and repetition is strong in physical capital-intensive firms and not significant in human capital-intensive firms, while the correspondence between fewer suppliers and more repeated relationships is strong in human capital-intensive firms but not significant in physical capital-intensive firms. This corroborates the differential implications of human and physical capital for bargaining power, contractual risk, and trust in buyer–supplier relationships.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2631 .

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Managing Patient Admissions in a Neurology Ward
Authors: Samiedaluie Saied , Kucukyazici Beste , Verter Vedat , Zhang Dan
Published: March 2017

We study patient admission policies in a neurology ward where there are multiple types of patients with different medical characteristics. Patients receive specialized care inside the neurology ward and delays in admission to the ward will have negative impact on their health status. The level of this impact varies among patient types and depends on the severity of patients. Patients are also different in terms of arrival rate and length of stay at the ward. The patients normally wait in the emergency department until a ward bed is assigned to them. We formulate this problem as an infinite-horizon average cost dynamic program and propose an efficient approximation scheme to solve large-scale problem instances. The computational results from applying our model to a neurology ward show that dynamic policies generated by our approach can reduce the overall deterioration in patients’ health status compared to several alternative policies.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1574 .
Maintenance Appointments in Railway Rolling Stock Rescheduling
Authors: Wagenaar Joris C. , Kroon Leo G. , Schmidt Marie
Published: March 2017

This paper addresses the railway rolling stock rescheduling problem, while taking maintenance appointments into account. After a disruption, the rolling stock of the disrupted passenger trains has to be rescheduled to restore a feasible rolling stock circulation. Usually, a number of train units have a scheduled maintenance appointment during the day: these appointments must be taken into account while rescheduling the rolling stock. In this paper we propose three mixed-integer programming models for this purpose. All models are extensions of the composition model from the literature, which does not distinguish individual train units. The extra unit type model adds an additional rolling stock type for each train unit that requires maintenance. The shadow-account model keeps track of a shadow account for each train unit that requires maintenance. The job-composition model creates a path for each train unit such that the train units that require maintenance are on time for their maintenance appointments. All models are tested on instances of Netherlands Railways. The results show that especially the shadow-account model and the job-composition model are effectively able to take maintenance appointments into account during real-time rescheduling. It depends on the characteristics of an instance whether the shadow-account model or the job-composition model performs best.
This is [not] the A.L.F.?: Anarchism, punk rock and animal advocacy
Authors: Stewart Francis
Published: March 2017

Veganism and punk rock have gone hand in hand since the 1980s, and it is a relationship that is arguably best understood in conjunction with versions of anarchist politics of intersectionality. While rejecting the argument for animal ‘rights’ as a form of quasi-religion (contra Lowe in Implicit Religion, 4.1: 41−60) this article will seek to demonstrate through interviews that the analytical framework of Implicit Religion can be applied to animal advocacy within various iterations of punk to better understand the motivations of activists. It will demonstrate that considering animal ‘rights’ as a quasi-religion diminishes both religion as a concept and the place of activism in the lives of those interviewed. Furthermore it will explore the possibility that such behaviours and attitudes demonstrate the potentiality within anarchism and punk to look inward for experiential insights and connections. As ‘rights’ is a contentious term for many anarchists, because of the issue of enforceability this article shall be using the phrase animal advocacy.
Inhibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G towards group A Streptococcus β -hemolyticus in 21 and 28 days after a single intramuscular injection
Authors: Madiyono Bambang , Djer Mulyadi M , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Subandrio Amin , Erfan Erni
Published: March 2017

Background The effectiveness of a single intramuscularbenzathine penicillin G as a secondary prevention of acute rheu-matic fever after 28 days is still controversial. The latest studyshowed that serum penicillin concentration was below protectivelevel in 4 weeks after a single intramuscular injection.Objective This study was a preliminary study to compare the in-hibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G towards group A Strepto-coccus β -hemolyticus in 21 and 28 days after a single IM injectionby using Mueller-Hinton broth method.Methods The inhibiting ability was measured by the serum in-hibitory concentration and serum bactericidal concentration aftera single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin G 1.2 mil-lion units.Results The subjects were 28 patients, with mean age of 15.5years (SD 3.4). The numbers of male and female were equal. Meanserum inhibitory concentration in 21 days after a single injectionwas 926.4 (SD 3080.1) and after 28 days was 1540.9 (SD 4275.1),which was not significantly different (p=0.0662). Mean serum bac-tericidal concentration in 21 days after IM injection was 1579.6(SD 4265.7) and in 28 days was 2417 (SD 6849.4) and it was notstatistically different (p=0.2276).Conclusion This study concluded that there was no significantdifference in the inhibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G to-wards group A Streptococcus β -hemolyticus between 21 and 28days after a single intramuscular injection
Comparison of bone age in small-for-gestationalage children vs appropriate-for-getational-age children
Authors: Edward Lionardus , Effendi Sjarif Hidajat , Setiabudi Djatnika
Published: March 2017

BackgroundAbout 10-15% small-for-gestational-age children are in higher risk for having linear growth retardation due to growth hormone-insulin like growth factor 1 axis defect (GH-IGF 1) which causes bone age delay.ObjectivesTo compare bone age in 24-36 month old children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) to that in children born appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from January to April 2009.Subjects consisted of50 healthy children of 24-36 months old (25 children born at term, SGA, 25 children born at term, AGA). We compared the appropriateness and delay of bone age between the two groups. ResultsMean bone age in the SGA group was 20.8 (SD 7.7) months, and in the AGA group was 25.7 (SD 7.1) months (P=0.022). Mean bone age deficit was -10.5 (6.5) months in the SGA group and -5.5 (SD 5.7) months in the AGA group (P=0.009). The prevalence ratio was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.19–2.62). Bone age delay was found to be higher in children born SGA than that in children of the other group (23 vs 13). On the contrary, appropriate bone age was found more in children born AGA (12 vs 2) (P=0.002).Conclusion Bone age delay in 24-36 months old children born small-for-gestational-age was found to be higher than in those born appropriate-for-gestational-age.
NPHS2 gene mutation, atopy, and gender as risk factors for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Indonesians
Authors: Rachmadi Dedi , Hilmanto Danny , Ijradinata Ponpon , Sukadi Abdurahman
Published: March 2017

Background Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) often develops into end stage renal disease. Previous studies have reported that NPHS2 gene mutation, gender, and atopic history are risk factors associated with SRNS. Interethnic, sociocultural, and environmental differences have also been suggested to affect these mutations.Objective To analyze possible risk factors for SRNS, including NPHS2 gene mutations (412C→T and 419delG), gender and atopic history, in Indonesian subjects with SRNS.Methods A case-control study with 153 subjects, consisting of 88 SRNS patients and 65 control subjects, was undertaken in 10 Indonesian teaching centre hospitals from September 2006 to December 2007. Analysis of the NPHS2 gene mutation in 412 C→T was performed by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR), while that for the NPHS2 gene mutation in 419delG was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Data was analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results In our Indonesian subjects, the significant risk factors for SRNS were male gender (OR=2.21; CI 95%:1.07-4.56, P=0.036), NPHS2 412C→T gene mutation (OR=18.07; CI 95%:6.76-48.31, P<0.001), and NPHS2 419delG gene mutation (OR=4.55; CI 95%:1.66-12.47, P=0.003). However, atopic history was not a significant risk factor for SRNS (OR=1.807; CI 95%:0.642-5.086, P=0.262).Conclusion NPHS2 412C→T and 419delG gene mutations, as well as male gender are risk factors for SRNS in Indonesian subjects. Atopic history was not significantly associated with SRNS in our subjects. [Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:272-6].
PENGARUH DISKUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP NEGATIVE WORD OF MOUTH (WOM) DENGAN KETIDAKPUASAN PASIEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Pada Puskesmas Ngesrep Di Kota Semarang)
Authors: Suratman Donni Renaldy , Widiyanto Ibnu
Published: March 2017

This research was motivated by a lot of medical patient complaints after visiting toPuskesmas Ngesrep in form of critics and suggestions. It indicates there areunsatisfactory feelings after their visit to Puskesmas Ngesrep that could be because ofdisquality services from the management. This research is aiming to analyze the effect ofdisquality service medic and non-medic toward patient disatisfaction and negative WOM.This research using descriptive and quantitative for data analyze. The samples for thisresearch are 400 patients that visited Puskesmas Nngesrep. Data was collected usingquestionnaires which tested the validity and reliability. The data was analyzed usingmultiple regression.The result of descriptive analysis shown that disquality service medic, disquality servicesnon-medic, patient’s disatisfaction, and negative WOM Puskesmas Ngesrep classified aslow. Statistical tests shown patient’s disatisfaction variable is affecting positively towardnegatif WOM variable (hypothesis 1 is accepted), disquality service medic variable isaffecting positively toward patient’s disatisfaction (hypothesis 2 is accepted), disqualityservices medic variable is affecting positively toward negatif WOM (hypothesis 3 isaccepted), disquality service non-medic is affecting positively toward disatisfactionpatient’s (hypothesis 4 is accepted), and disquality services non-medic variable isaffecting positively toward intention to negative WOM (hypothesis 5 is accepted).Keywords: disquality service medic, disquality service non-medic, patient’sdisatisfaction, negative WOM.
FAKTOR PENENTU BERTEMPAT TINGGAL PADA KAWASAN KUMUH DI KOTA MALANG BERDASARKAN TEORI DOXIADIS
Authors: Santoso Endratno Budi , Therik Ledy Vithalia
Published: March 2017

The sustainability process of a human settlement depend on how the perception of its people. Jodipan condition, as a slum area in Malang City, influenced by several factors, one factor named ekistic factor as in Doxiadis theory. This research’s aim is to analyze key factor for the resident to stay, and tries to identify how this ekistic factor related and influenced with people perception in choosing settlement location. This research run by primary and secondary survey, and also helps by observation and   questionnaire distribution at two priority location. By using likert scale approach and multiple regression analysis, this research also using some of statistical test, such as T Test, F Test, and multicolonierity test. After analysis process, this research found that shell variable (such as building of the house) as the main reason for the resident to stay at Jodipan slum.
Understanding the sparse vector technique for differential privacy
Authors: Lyu Min , Su Dong , Li Ninghui
Published: March 2017

The Sparse Vector Technique (SVT) is a fundamental technique for satisfying differential privacy and has the unique quality that one can output some query answers without apparently paying any privacy cost. SVT has been used in both the interactive setting, where one tries to answer a sequence of queries that are not known ahead of the time, and in the non-interactive setting, where all queries are known. Because of the potential savings on privacy budget, many variants for SVT have been proposed and employed in privacy-preserving data mining and publishing. However, most variants of SVT are actually not private. In this paper, we analyze these errors and identify the misunderstandings that likely contribute to them. We also propose a new version of SVT that provides better utility, and introduce an effective technique to improve the performance of SVT. These enhancements can be applied to improve utility in the interactive setting. Through both analytical and experimental comparisons, we show that, in the non-interactive setting (but not the interactive setting), the SVT technique is unnecessary, as it can be replaced by the Exponential Mechanism (EM) with better accuracy.
Effective community search over large spatial graphs
Authors: Fang Yixiang , Cheng Reynold , Li Xiaodong , Luo Siqiang , Hu Jiafeng
Published: March 2017

Communities are prevalent in social networks, knowledge graphs, and biological networks. Recently, the topic of community search (CS) has received plenty of attention. Given a query vertex, CS looks for a dense subgraph that contains it. Existing CS solutions do not consider the spatial extent of a community. They can yield communities whose locations of vertices span large areas. In applications that facilitate the creation of social events (e.g., finding conference attendees to join a dinner), it is important to find groups of people who are physically close to each other. In this situation, it is desirable to have a
spatial-aware community
(or SAC), whose vertices are close structurally and spatially. Given a graph
G
and a query vertex
q
, we develop exact solutions for finding an SAC that contains
q
. Since these solutions cannot scale to large datasets, we have further designed three approximation algorithms to compute an SAC. We have performed an experimental evaluation for these solutions on both large real and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show that SAC is better than the communities returned by existing solutions. Moreover, our approximation solutions can find SACs accurately and efficiently.
MapReduce and streaming algorithms for diversity maximization in metric spaces of bounded doubling dimension
Authors: Ceccarello Matteo , Pietracaprina Andrea , Pucci Geppino , Upfal Eli
Published: March 2017

Given a dataset of points in a metric space and an integer
k
, a diversity maximization problem requires determining a subset of
k
points maximizing some diversity objective measure, e.g., the minimum or the average distance between two points in the subset. Diversity maximization is computationally hard, hence only approximate solutions can be hoped for. Although its applications are mainly in massive data analysis, most of the past research on diversity maximization focused on the sequential setting. In this work we present space and pass/round-efficient diversity maximization algorithms for the Streaming and MapReduce models and analyze their approximation guarantees for the relevant class of metric spaces of bounded doubling dimension. Like other approaches in the literature, our algorithms rely on the determination of high-quality core-sets, i.e., (much) smaller subsets of the input which contain good approximations to the optimal solution for the whole input. For a variety of diversity objective functions, our algorithms attain an (
α
+
ε
)-approximation ratio, for any constant
ε
> 0, where
α
is the best approximation ratio achieved by a polynomial-time, linear-space sequential algorithm for the same diversity objective. This improves substantially over the approximation ratios attainable in Streaming and MapReduce by state-of-the-art algorithms for general metric spaces. We provide extensive experimental evidence of the effectiveness of our algorithms on both real world and synthetic datasets, scaling up to over a billion points.
In vivo Ca2+ dynamics induced by Ca2+ injection in individual rat skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Wakizaka Mario , Eshima Hiroaki , Tanaka Yoshinori , Shirakawa Hideki , Poole David C. , Kano Yutaka
Published: March 2017

In contrast to cardiomyocytes, store overload‐induced calcium ion (Ca2+) release (SOICR) is not considered to constitute a primary Ca2+ releasing system from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle myocytes. In the latter, voltage‐induced Ca2+ release (VICR) is regarded as the dominant mechanism facilitating contractions. Any role of the SOICR in the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and its dynamics in skeletal muscle in vivo remains poorly understood. By means of in vivo single fiber Ca2+ microinjections combined with bioimaging techniques, we tested the hypothesis that the [Ca2+]i dynamics following Ca2+ injection would be amplified and fiber contraction facilitated by SOICR. The circulation‐intact spinotrapezius muscle of adult male Wistar rats (n = 34) was exteriorized and loaded with Fura‐2 AM to monitor [Ca2+]i dynamics. Groups of rats underwent the following treatments: (1) 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ injections, (2) 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ with inhibition of ryanodine receptors (RyR) by dantrolene sodium (DAN), and (3) 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ with inhibition of SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). A quantity of 0.02 mmol/L Ca2+ injection yielded no detectable response, whereas peak evoked [Ca2+]i increased 9.9 ± 1.8% above baseline for 0.2 mmol/L and 23.8 ± 4.3% (P < 0.05) for 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ injections. The peak [Ca2+]i in response to 2.0 mmol/L Ca2+ injection was largely abolished by DAN and CPA (−85.8%, −71.0%, respectively, both P < 0.05 vs. unblocked) supporting dependence of the [Ca2+]i dynamics on Ca2+ released by SOICR rather than injected Ca2+ itself. Thus, this investigation demonstrates the presence of a robust SR‐evoked SOICR operant in skeletal muscle in vivo.
SCRAPPER Selectively Contributes to Spontaneous Release and Presynaptic Long-Term Potentiation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Koga Kohei , Yao Ikuko , Setou Mitsutoshi , Zhuo Min
Published: March 2017

SCRAPPER is an E3 ubiquitin ligase expressed in presynaptic terminals, neural cell body, and dendrites of the hippocampus and cortex, which is coded by theFBXL20gene. SCRAPPER is known to regulate synaptic transmissions and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, but no report is available for the cortex. Here we show genetic evidence for critical roles of SCRAPPER in excitatory transmission and presynaptic LTP (pre-LTP) of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a critical cortical region for pain, anxiety, and fear. Miniature and spontaneous releases, but not evoked release, of glutamate were significantly increased in SCRAPPER knock-out (SCR-KO) mice. Interestingly, SCRAPPER selectively contributes to the increases of frequency and amplitude. The pre-LTP in the ACC was completely blocked in SCR-KO mice. Our results thus provide direct evidence for SCRAPPER in both spontaneous release and pre-LTP in the ACC and reveal a potential novel target for treating anxiety-related disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays critical roles in pain, anxiety, and fear. Peripheral injury induces long-term changes in synaptic transmission in the ACC. Our recent study found that a presynaptic form of LTP (pre-LTP) in the ACC contributes to chronic pain-induced anxiety. Here, we show that SCRAPPER plays a critical role in ACC pre-LTP as well as synaptic transmission.
Paternal Genome Elimination inLiposcelisBooklice (Insecta: Psocodea)
Authors: Hodson Christina N , Hamilton Phineas T , Dilworth Dave , Nelson Chris J , Curtis Caitlin I , Perlman Steve J
Published: March 2017

How sex is determined in insects is diverse and dynamic, and includes male heterogamety, female heterogamety, and haplodiploidy. In many insect lineages, sex determination is either completely unknown or poorly studied. We studied sex determination in Psocodea—a species-rich order of insects that includes parasitic lice, barklice, and booklice. We focus on a recently discovered species of Liposcelis booklice (Psocodea: Troctomorpha), which are among the closest free-living relatives of parasitic lice. Using genetic, genomic, and immunohistochemical approaches, we show that this group exhibits paternal genome elimination (PGE), an unusual mode of sex determination that involves genomic imprinting. Controlled crosses, following a genetic marker over multiple generations, demonstrated that males only transmit to offspring genes they inherited from their mother. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed densely packed chromocenters associated with H3K9me3—a conserved marker for heterochromatin—in males, but not in females, suggesting silencing of chromosomes in males. Genome assembly and comparison of read coverage in male and female libraries showed no evidence for differentiated sex chromosomes. We also found that females produce more sons early in life, consistent with facultative sex allocation. It is likely that PGE is widespread in Psocodea, including human lice. This order represents a promising model for studying this enigmatic mode of sex determination.
CA-for-SCT
Authors: van Compernolle Rémi A.
Published: March 2017

This article sketches out the theory and practice of using conversation analysis in the service of sociocultural theory, or CA-for-SCT. Specific focus is on the concept of cognition on the ground (Maynard, 2006), which refers to the ways in which psychological processes are demonstrated in and constituted by the social-interactive contexts in which they occur. Drawing on an interaction around a Dynamic Assessment of L2 French grammatical competence, the article demonstrates how the CA-for-SCT framework conceptualizes and uses for analytic benefit the dialectical relationship between intrapersonal and interpersonal psychological functioning, as Vygotsky proposed. Offering support for Vygotsky’s position, the discussion then focuses on how interaction – that is, the actions co-produced across individuals – ought to be seen as cognition in its own right, how the CA-for-SCT framework is applicable beyond Dynamic Assessment, and the ways in which the framework contributes to the development of units of analysis for SCT research.