bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Kejadian Pneumonia pada Pasien Pasca Kraniotomi di Ruang Rawat Intensif RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau Periode Januari 2015 sampai Desember 2019
Authors: Valentino Andrea , Endriani Rita , Ameini Fitria
Published: February 2021

Operasi kraniotomi merupakan tindakan membuka sebagian tulang tengkorak hingga dapat memberikan akses langsung menuju otak. Komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi merupakan Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) dan Healthcare Associated Pneumonia (HAP). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat gambaran kejadian pneumonia pada pasien pasca kraniotomi di ICU RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau periode Januari 2015 s/d Desember 2019. Data penelitian ini didapatkan dari rekam medik pasien pasca kraniotomi di ruang ICU RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau, dengan total rekam medik yang ditemukan sebanyak 216 rekam medik. Hasil penelitian ini berupa, didapatkan kejadian pneumonia pada 56 pasien (26%), dengan kejadian HAP 3,7% dan VAP 22,7%. Kejadian HAP lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien perempuan (62,5%) dengan kelompok usia 56-65 tahun (50%), serta lama rawatan >5 hari (75%). Kejadian VAP memiliki distribusi yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan (50%) dengan kelompok usia 36-45 tahun (29,2%) dan lama rawatan >5 hari (45,8%), serta lama pemakaian ventilator mekanik <96 jam (66,7%). Kejadian pneumonia paling banyak terjadi pada pasien tanpa komorbid (71,4%) atau memiliki komorbid berupa hipertensi (21,4%) dengan diagnosis meningioma (28,6%), jumlah leukosit >11.000 (76,8%), lama pembedahan ≥2 jam (55,4%), dan patogen penyebab terbanyak berupa Acinetobacter baumanii (30,3%). Angka kematian pada penelitian ini sebesar 7,1%.
Дисфункция височно-нижнечелюстного сустава и боль
Authors: Ali-zada J.K.
Published: February 2021

Дисфункция височно-нижнечелюстного сустава (ВНЧС) представляет собой дислокацию диска, которая часто обнаруживается методом магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). Основным симптомом дисфункции является боль. В данном исследовании проведена корреляция между болью в области ВНЧС и дислокацией диска.
Antisitokin-iltihabəleyhinə müalicələr, koaqulopatiyanın idarə olunması
Authors: TƏBİB
Published: February 2021

53 illik bir keçmişi olan KRDS və keçmişdən bəri bildiyimiz sepsis gedişatında sitokin əley- hinə müalicələrinin faydalı olacağına dair bir dəlil yoxdur və bu dərmanlar rutin müalicədə istifadə edilmir. KRDS müalicəsində randomizə nəzarət altında olan çalışmalar ilə sağ qal- manı artırdığı göstərilən yeganə tətbiq olunan metod ağciyərlərin qoruyucu mexaniki ventil- yasiyadır. Sepsis əsasən immunsupressiv bir vəziyyət olaraq qəbul edilir və gedişatında ölüm hallarına səbəb daha çox xəstəxanadaxili və opportunist infeksiyalardır. Anti-IL6R təsir effekti olan monoklonal tosilizumab anticisimi kimi müalicələrin özlərinin də KRDS-yə səbəb ola biləcəyinə dair dəlillər mövcuddur.
CHANGING PICTURE OF KATHAK DANCE
Authors: Singh Monika
Published: February 2021

What was yesterday becomes old today and what is to come tomorrow also remains a saga of the past for a few days. With the speed at which time is moving, the wave of change is moving at the same speed.At present, the field of dance is also not untouched by it. Changes and innovation in the region have demonstrated this in many ways. Kathak dance existing since ancient times was a dance form full of religion and spirituality. Kathak dance is considered to have originated by the narrators having narrated the acting by the storytellers during the Bhajan-Kirtan in the temples.

जो कल था, वह आज पुराना हो गया और जो कल आनेवाला है वह भी कुछ ही दिनों से अतीत की गाथा बनकर रह जाता है। समय जिस गति से आगे बढ़ रहा है, उसके साथ परिवर्तन की लहर भी उतनी ही गति से प्रवहमान है।वर्तमान समय में नृत्यकला का क्षेत्र भी इससे अछूता नहीं है। इस क्षेत्र में परिवर्तन और नवाचार ने इसे कई रूपों में प्रदर्शित किया है। प्राचीनकाल से विद्यमान कत्थक नृत्य धर्म-अध्यात्म से परिपूर्ण नृत्य शैली थी। मंदिरों में भजन-कीर्तन के समय कथावाचकों के द्वारा अभिनय युक्त कथा कहने से कत्थक नृत्य की उत्पत्ति मानी जाती है।
ANALISIS SOBRE LA RENEGOCIACION DE CONTRATOS PRESTACION DE SERVICIOS A PARTICIPACION
Authors: Arauz Luis
Published: February 2021

La renegociación de los contratos petroleros de Participación a Prestación de Servicios, fueron firmados a principios del 2011 para una vigencia que varía de 5 a 18 años según el caso. Las Compañías que renegociaron los Contratos fueron: Andes Petroelum Ecuador Ltd., Petrooriental S.A., AGIP, ENAP-SIPEC, PETROBELL, Consorcio PEGASO, PETROSUD, TECPECUADOR y REPSOL. Las tarifas renegociadas en base de una Tarifa Equivalente en USD/Bl variaban de 15,47 a 71,00 USD/Bl y un promedio global de 33,09 USD/Bl. Las nuevas tarifas renegociadas varían de 16,72 a 58,00 USD/Bl y un promedio global de 31,84 USD/Bl, con Inversiones comprometidas de 1.385 MMUSD y un Precio de WTI referencial de 90,00 USD/Bl.
ARQUITECTURA ESTRATIGRÁFICA DE TERRAZAS ALUVIALES EN EL RIO YUNGANZA
Authors: Romero Cristian , Cisneros Medina Andrea , Condoy Guiracocha Darwin , Carranco Andino Fausto , Gramal Aguilar Ana Belén , Betancourt Valdivieso Franz
Published: February 2021

La cuenca del río Yunganza corresponde a una cuenca fluvial confinada, ubicada en el sur del levantamiento sub-andino. Este trabajo presenta un análisis del registro estratigráfico de terrazas aluviales antiguas (TA-1 y TA-2) y depósitos aluviales modernos (DA), en la cuenca alta del río Yunganza, en el sector El Rosario. Nuestra investigación es soportada por la documentación del registro litológico, de estructuras sedimentarias, arquitectura estratigráfica, medición de espesores y paleo-corrientes. A partir de esta documentación, 7 facies son descritas: LT-1 y LT-2 describen a conglomerados asociados a flujos de escombros distales, mientras que LT-3 describen litologías de conglomerados y brechas asociadas a flujos de escombros proximales. LT-4, LT-5 y LT-6 describen litologías arenosas vinculadas genéticamente a macro-formas de barras y canales fluviales; LT-7 describe litologías limosas que se asocian a planicies de inundación. Datos de paleo-corrientes indican que: TA-1 presenta una dirección de flujo N-NE, mientras que, TA-2 indican una dirección de transporte de sedimento hacia el N. La composición modal en TA-1 indica una procedencia detrítica de un bloque sedimentario rico en cuarzo, mientras que TA-2 indica un periodo de reciclaje de TA-1. La medición de espesores en TA-1 y TA-2 indica un periodo erosivo en TA-1. Los patrones de sedimentación en el río Yunganza están relacionados a periodos de exhumación del flanco W del río.
ANÁLISIS DE COSTOS OPERATIVOS EN PEQUEÑA MINERÍA Y MINERÍA ARTESANAL EN NAMBIJA
Authors: Zúñiga Arrobo Cristian , Rojas Villacís Cynthia
Published: February 2021

En el desarrollo de la actividad minera en pequeña minería y minería artesanal en Ecuador en varios casos no se lleva un registro de los costos operativos que demanda cada tarea realizada en el ciclo de trabajo minero, en consecuencia, no se conoce al final cuales son los costos de inversión en contraste con la recuperación económica alcanzada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los costos operativos en cada tarea realizada en el ciclo de trabajo minero en tres labores del sector de Nambija, con la finalidad de evidenciar cuales son los costos que se ocupa en realizar la tarea de perforación, voladura, ventilación, desate, limpieza del frente de trabajo, cargado y transporte del material arrancado que comprenden un ciclo minero de trabajo.
The role of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the number of tuberculosis cases in Indonesia
Authors: Kustanto Andi
Published: February 2021

The threat of TB continues to occur in the world. In 2018, 10 million people suffered from TB, and 1.5 million people die from this infectious disease. Referring to target 3 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goals 03 regarding good health and well-being, by 2030, end the epidemic of AIDS, TB, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases, and other communicable diseases. Based on data from the WHO, Indonesia ranks 3rd for TB cases globally. The estimated population suffering from TB is 845,000 cases; only 68 percent of cases were found and treated in 2018. The high number of TB cases in Indonesia could threaten the golden generation's opportunity in the next 2025 demographic bonus, where the number of productive age population is higher than the population non-productive age. This study found that population factors such as population, population density, and the number of poor people had a positive and significant effect on TB cases. In contrast, the GRDP per capita, the number of health workers, and literacy rates negatively affected the TB cases.Furthermore,environmental factors from the availability of proper sanitation and toilet facilities show a negative but insignificant effect on TB cases.
The determinant of educational mismatch and its correlation to wages
Authors: Sitorus Ferry Maurist , Wicaksono Padang
Published: February 2021

The mismatch between educational and occupational qualifications is an issue that still frequently occurs in the Indonesian job market. This study aims to sudy the probability of educational mismatch in workers and how it was related to the wages received. The data used in this study was gained from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) August 2019. The unit of analysis used are workers that have status as labor/employee/employees who are 15 years old and above. Contingency coefficient analysis was used to investigate the correlation between mismatch and workers’ wages, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the determinants of educational mismatch. The results showed that educational mismatch in the Indonesian labor market was still quite high, in which from a total sample of 178.085 workers / laborers, 25,79% were overeduaction and 17,98% were undereducation. The results of the contingency coefficient showed that there was a correlation between educational mismatch status and workers' wages. Then based on the result of the multinomial logistic regression test, it was found that workers with overeducation status had a greater chance of those who had a longer length of schooling, who were male and urban, while workers with undereducation status had a greater chance of those with shorter school years, who were female and live in rural areas.
Do Market Performance of SOEs Outperform Private Firms? (A Case of Indonesia Exchange)
Authors: Khamisah Nur , Listya Anisa , Hamzah Ruth Samantha
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the privatization strategy is to improve the performance of Stated Owned Enterprises (SOEs) that are considered to have a poor performance that is not better than the private companies. The data is collected from the company's annual report and from the Osiris Database. This research uses purposive sampling method and doing multiple linear regression test analysis to test the research hypothesis. The final sample in this study consisted of 454 company observation. This study finds that privatized SOEs have better levels of market performance than private companies. Regression test results show the coefficient of market performance of SOEs is positive and significant at the level 1%. These results indirectly indicate that the privatization strategy through IPO conducted by the government against several SOEs has been effective in improving the performance of BUMNs
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS WEB PADA USAHA “BALE FOOD” DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA DIGITAL 4.0
Authors: Isna Isnawati , Effendy Lukman , Isnaini Zuhrotul , Mariadi Yusli
Published: February 2021

“Bale Food” adalah salah satu usaha rumah tangga yang mencoba peruntungan di bidang kuliner berupa Kentang Kriuk ala nasi puyung. Usaha ini belum lama berjalan, namun sudah mendapatkan respon yang cukup baik dari konsumen, namun pengenalan produk oleh pemilik usaha “Bale Food” menggunakan fasilitas system informasi yang ada sekarang ini (seperti Facebook, Instagram) belum maksimal digunakan, terlebih lagi penggunaan web, sehingga informasi mengenai produk ini tentu belum sampai ke konsumen yang lebih luas.. Maka kegiatan pengabdian ini menjadi urgent dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut. Adapun jenis kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah membantu usaha “Bale Food” untuk memasarkan produknya ke pasar yang lebih terbuka dan lebih luas melalui “Web”. Oleh karena itu tim pengabdian nantinya akan membuatkan usaha “Bale Food” web. Metode Pelaksanaa pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode pembuatan web untuk usaha “Bale Food”, dan nantinya pemilik usaha akan dilatih untuk menggunakan web itu. Kegiatan pengabdian sudah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tujuan yang sudah dirumuskan yaitu membuatkan web untuk usaha “Bale Food“. Adapun alamat / link web yang sudah berhasil dibuatkan untuk usaha “Bale Food” adalah https://balefood.blogspot.com.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN DAN PENCATATAN USAHA PADA INDUSTRI KOPIAH DI KECAMATAN KEDIRI LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Della Nabila D. Tialurra , Animah Animah , Kartikasari Nungki , Bayu Suryantara Adhitya
Published: February 2021

Industri kopiah yang terdapat di Kediri Selatan Bangket Dalam Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Lombok Barat turut berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi  masyarakat  setempat.  Kecilnya  modal  usaha,  sumber daya manusia yang terbatas, dan tidak adanya pencatatan keuangan  menjadi  kendala dalam mengembangkan usaha kopiah ini. Tujuan diadakannya program PKM ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pendapatan melalui pemasaran  produk  melalui e-commerce dengan pemanfaatan media sosial dan situs jual  beli terkemuka, meningkatkan motivasi kerja pemilik usaha dan  pekerja  sehingga  dapat menekan penurunan minat dan meningkatkan  kualitas  sumber  daya  manusia, serta menerapkan pencatatan keuangan yang  baik  secara  rutin.  Hasil  dari kegiatan PKM ini adalah Mitra memahami pentingnya pemasaran melalui e- commerce dan mengaplikasikannya melalui media sosial dan situs jual beli online serta mengikuti  perkembangan  selera  pasar  terhadap  model  kopiah  terkini. Selain itu, Mitra memahami pentingnya meningkatkan mmotivasi kerja karyawan untuk menghasilan produk yang berkualitas dan bersaing. Terakhir, Mitra dapat mempraktian pencatatan atas setiap biaya produksi dan penjualan yang diterima untuk keberlangsungan usaha Mitra kedepannya.
The Types of Trigona Bee (Apidae: Meliponinae) in Three Different Habitat in South Sumatra
Authors: Suderajat Ani , Riyanto Riyanto , Mulawarman Mulawarman
Published: February 2021

Bees are known to be useful directly or indirectly in human life and ecosystem. This study aims to obtain information about the types of Trigona bees in three different habitats in South Sumatra. This research uses a descriptive method with a purposive sampling technique. Identification is done by observing the morphological characters. Trigona bee samples were taken from three different habitats, namely the Indralaya Sriwijaya University campus, the village of Aurduri Muara Enim, and the village of Kota Agung Lahat. The research found three species of Trigona bees from three different habitats. The three species are from three subgenera, namely Tetragonula, Heterotrigona, and Lepidotrigona. The location of the habitat for the Indralaya Sriwijaya University campus was found Tetragonula laeviceps, andÃÂ Heterotrigona itama. The habitat of the village of Aurduri Muara Enim was found ÃÂ T. laevicepsÃÂ andÃÂ Lepidotrigona terminate. The location of the habitat for the village of Kota Agung Lahat was found ÃÂ T. laeviceps. The most common type of Trigona bee and found in almost every type of habitat isÃÂ T. laeviceps.ÃÂ H. itamaÃÂ is only found on the Indralaya Sriwijaya university campus, while L. Terminate is only found in the village of Aurduri Muara Enim. Conclusion Trigona bees from 3 different habitats in South Sumatra found as many as 3 subgenuses, namely Tetragonula, Heterotrigona, and Lepidotrigona. The types of Trigona bees areÃÂ T. laeviceps,ÃÂ H.itama, andÃÂ L. terminata.ÃÂ
Uma Lengge: A Local Wisdom of Plants and Environmental Resources Utilisation in Bima Traditional House Architecture, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Maryanti Maryanti , Rohyani Immy Suci , Sukenti Kurniasih
Published: February 2021

Uma Lengge is a traditional house of Bima tribe located at Maria Village, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara, with main raw material consisting of species of woods, bamboos and reeds. As one of the cultural heritage in West Nusa Tenggara, a study that support theÃÂ  cultural preservation efforts is needed, including the preservation on plants used in its construction. This ethnobotanical research aims to reveal the local wisdom and other ethnobotanical aspects contained in Uma Lengge architecture. This descriptive exploratory research applied qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical research methods based on data collection carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Informants selection used purposive sampling and snowball sampling method. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed descriptively based on the observations, interviews, and calculations of Reported Use (RU) and Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). The result showed that local wisdom contained in Uma Lengge architecture is still applied by the local people from generation to generation in term of plants utilisation in Uma Lengge construction, ancient habits, customs, and the preservation of annual traditions or rituals that have good values to be passed on. There are 11 species used as materials in Uma Lengge constuction, namely Bambusa vulgaris, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Dalbergia latifolia, Tectona grandis, Areca catechu, Gossampinus malabarica, Imperata cylindrica, Ficus benjamina, Cocos nucifera, Gigantochloa apus and Swietenia macrophylla. Plant utilisation in Uma Lengge is used in 10 categories: poles, floors, beams, sloofs, roofs, unifiers, rodent insulation boards, wind breakers, stairs and fences. Conservation efforts for species involved in Uma Lengge construction need to be done, especially for species with limited availability. It is recommended that this cultural site should get more attention and efforts to preserve the cultural heritage along with all local wisdom related to plants and environmental utilisation contained in it.
Interactions, space presentations, blocks and cross products
Authors: Gudrun Kalmbach HE
Published: February 2021

Physics counts four basic forces, the electromagnetic EMI, weak WI, strong SI interactions and gravity GR. The first three are provided with a unified theory which partly needs revision and has the symmetry U(1)xSU(2)xSU(3). In this article their space presentations are described in order to inlcude a theory for gravity which cannot be added directly to the standrd model. There are many instances of gravitational actions which are different from the other three interactions. Gravity uses geometrical models beside spactime, often projective, including stereographic and spiralic orthogonal subspace projections. Real and complex cross products, symmetries which belong to the complex Moebius transformation subgroups, complex cross ratios, Gleason frame GF measures, dihedrals nth roots of unity with symmetris are some new tools (figure 14) for a new gravity model. The basic vector space is 8-dimensional, but beside the usual vector addition and calculus there are different multiplications added. The author uses complex multiplications in the complex 4-dimensional space C4 for calculus. The SU (3) multiplication of GellMann 3x3-matrices is used for C³ and its three 4-dimensional C² projections. Projective spaces are CP² for nucleons and a GR Higgs plane P² and projective measuring GF‘s which have 3-dimensional, orthogonal base vectors like spin. The doubling of quaternionic spacetime to octonians has a different multiplication and seven GF‘s which partly occur in physics as cross product equations. Beside the real, the complex cross product extends the spacetime dimensions from 4 to 8. Consequences are that there are many 3-dimensional, many 4-dimensional, some 6-dimensional and also projective 5-dimensional spaces in which the actions of gravity can then be described. Spacetime is for this not sufficient. No symmetry can be muliplied to the standard model since the new symmetries belong to different geometries and are not directly related to a set of field quantums like one photon for EMI, three weak bosons (or four) for WI, eight gluons for SI. GR has graviton waves similar to EMI waves and in quasiparticle form rgb-graviton whirls, for mass Higgs bosons, maybe also solitons (density as mass per volume changing). They attribute to a distance metric between two points (kept fixed) an amplitude density (operator} which changes the metrical diameter of the volume, but not the mass.
Lifestyle practices among hypertensive patients attending the Family Medicine Clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Alali Dan-Jumbo  , Paul O. Dienye  , Nnenna O. Nnadi  , Simon Uriah
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Hypertension is a major modifiable cause of cardiovascular disease affecting more than one billion people globally. Lifestyle modifications form the corner stone for the mitigation of identified risk factors and the prevention and control of hypertension. Some of these factors include cessation of cigarette smoking, weight reduction, increase in physical activity, moderation of dietary sodium and alcohol intake and following the DASH eating plan. They may also facilitate drug step-down and drug withdrawal in highly motivated individuals. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which diagnosed hypertensive patients modify their lifestyle. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 230 patients with essential hypertension in the Family Medicine clinic in a tertiary hospital using a structured pretested questionnaire. Results: Most of the participants (149; 64.8%) were educated on lifestyle practices by health workers. Abstaining from tobacco products (230; 100%) and drinking alcohol (230; 100%) were the most used lifestyle practices. Dietary fruit consumption (93; 40.4%) and engagement in physical activity for thirty minutes per day (35; 15.2%) were the least used lifestyle practices. Conclusion: Health workers were the main source of education of the participants on lifestyle modification. Use of alcohol and consumption of tobacco products were not practiced by all the study participants. Dietary fruit consumption and engagement in physical activity were not popular lifestyle practices. It is recommended that primary care clinicians inquire about unhealthy lifestyles during clinical consultations as well as motivate hypertensive patients to adopt and adhere to appropriate lifestyle modifications.
Simulation of potential action of stimulated external alternating current (AC) in nerve cells using Hindmarsh-Rose model
Authors: Siti Aisah Sekar Arum  , Yuyun Yueniwati  , Mauludi Ariesto Pamungkas
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the simulation of potential actions that occur in nerve cells when given frequency variation as a stimulus. The simulation aims to determine the response of nerve cells to various combinations of currents in this case frequency. The simulation results showed that oscillations occur when the given frequency is 0.045 Hz. While the neural cell response occurs when the frequency between 0.055 Hz-0.065 Hz. The method carried out by the author is to modify the model of Hindmarsh-Rose nerve cells and then simulate it using Matlab programming language. Based on the research that has been done it can be concluded that at a frequency of 0.055 Hz a potential signal of action is formed and oscillates. In the human body, nerve cells and muscle cells are cells that have the ability of excitability (stimulated) because it has membrane potential. Short fluctuations of such cells, serve as electrical signals.
The effect of physical activity and indoor environment on preschool children’s health
Authors: Maria Saridi  , Aikaterini  Toska  , Dimitra  Latsou  , Sofia Karakousi  , Eleni  Albani  , Kyriakos Souliotis  , Pavlos  Sarafis
Published: February 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of physical activity and indoor environment on preschool children’s health. Subject and Methods: The final sample comprised 126 parents of children of preschool age. An anonymous questionnaire was used in order to investigate the impact of indoor air pollution on the children's health. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations with the SPSS 22.0. Results: The majority of the parents were female (87.3%) at an average age of 31-40 years (73%). Regarding the children, there were an almost equal number of boys and girls and their age ranged between 3 and 6 years old. The children had not shown any signs of emotional or behavioural problems or other issues regarding regular physical functions and they hadn’t shown any problems regarding recreational activities and interaction with friends (90.5%). Cough is a frequent symptom in the case of a common cold (85.7%). There were no statistically significant differences in the parents' responses as far as their children's health dimensions, concerning the availability of an air conditioner at home, the existence of pets and smoking habits in the family environment. Conclusions: Improving air quality is an extremely complicated issue, since pollutants may be created both indoors and outdoors, which makes it very difficult to decrease them. Yet it still is definitely necessary, given the negative effects of pollution on human health, especially on the more vulnerable groups, such as children.
Effect of salicylic acid on the anti-oxidative system of Bt and non - Bt cotton grown in semi-arid soils of Nizamabad
Authors: Y. Venkateshwarlu  , B. Vidya Vardhini
Published: February 2021

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) sprayed in three concentrations viz., 0.5 mM, 1.0mM and 3.0mM on the antioxidative system comprising of antioxidative enzymes [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and super oxide dismutase (SOD)] as well as antioxidants like ascorbate (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were analyzed in two varieties of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.) viz., Bt- cotton and non-Bt plants grown in the semi-arid tropics of Nizamabad. The soil in Nizamabad district is saline and black soil wherein the plants usually experience drought and saline stresses. Application of all three concentrations of SA positively increased the activities of all the enzymes (catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) in the two varieties of cotton compared to untreated control plants except peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity which was found decreased. Further SA was found to increase the contents of ascorbate (ASA) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH). The Bt-cotton variety showed better performance over non-Bt varieties. SA at 3.0 mM conc. was found most effective in increasing enzymes as well as antioxidants in both cotton varieties over 1.0mM, 0.5 mM and untreated controls. The promotion of enzyme contents as well as antioxidants in both cotton varieties is an indicator that SA mitigated the negative effect of the semi-arid soil conditions of Nizamabad district.
Apigetrin inhibits cytotoxicity and dysregulation of ACE2, IL1α and TGFβ expression induced by recombinant spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Grace Luo  , Wei Zhu
Published: February 2021

SARS-CoV-2 virus is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has caused an ongoing global health crisis. It has been a worldwide focus in research to understand viral pathogenesis and discover effective therapies. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same genus as the viruses responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Spike protein (SP) on SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. The virus enters human cells via the binding of SP to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on human cells. The binding of SP inhibits ACE2 function by reducing formation of angiotensin-(1-7), a compound that has inhibitory effects on inflammation. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 induces excessive proinflammatory cytokine production through various other signaling pathways such as the NFκB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Previous evidence showed that apigenin (APG), a plant phenolic compound, can bind to SP. However, whether or not apigetrin (APT), the glucoside conjugate of APG, can protect human cells against cell injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still unknown. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 induced dysregulation of host cell ACE2 expression is one of the major pathophysiological factors of COVID-19 infection. Our current study demonstrated that recombinant SP significantly reduced ACE2 level in human neuronal cells in a dose dependent manner using ELISA assay. Interestingly, APT reversed the SP induced ACE2 downregulation in these cells. In this study, the effect of SP on cell proliferation and immune regulation was also investigated. Using MTT and LDH assays, I discovered that SP had a cytotoxic effect on these cells and significantly inhibited cell proliferation. This cytotoxic effect was mitigated by adding APT treatment. Furthermore, APT reduced SP induced cytokine production such as IL1α and TGFβ . In sum, my study demonstrated that APT inhibited SARS-CoV-2 SP induced dysregulation of human cells and reduced its cytotoxic effects on cells. APT significantly upregulated ACE2 expression and inhibited the production of cytokines IL1α and TGFβ in the cells treated with SP. My study indicated that APT has potential to be a novel therapy for COVID-19 infection. More experiments to further elucidate molecular mechanisms of how APT modulates pathological effect of SP with different in vitro models including other human cell lines and in vivo animal models are currently being performed.
Gingival zenith evaluation in an Andean population from Ecuador
Authors: Diego Mauricio Bravo-Calderón  , María Fernanda Vera-Procel  , Daniela Andrea Molina-Koppel  , Pamela Estefania Bernal-Paucar  , María José Vásquez-Vélez  , Mariana Mora Oleas  , Manuel Estuardo Bravo-Calderón
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the gingival zenith of the maxillary incisors, canines and premolars in an Andean population from Ecuador. Materials and methods: A total of 51 subjects (30 men and 21 women; mean age = 21 years) with healthy gingival tissue were recruited. Digital study models were obtained from maxillary casts and the features of the gingival zeniths including its position, gingival lines and level in the lateral incisors were analyzed. Results: The gingival zenith was distally displaced in all the maxillary central and lateral incisors and in 70.59%; 62.74% and 91.17% of the canines, first and second premolars, respectively. For the maxillary anterior teeth, the greater mean of displacement was verified in central incisors (0.89mm ±0.27 SD), followed by the lateral incisors (0.58mm ±0.22 SD) and the canines (0.48mm ±0.21 SD). The displacement levels in the central incisors were significantly higher in females compared to male participants (p=0.037). In addition, the ascending gingival line was the most common in the anterior dentition (right: 52.9%; left: 51%), whereas the descending one was the most prevalent in the premolar area (right: 58.8%; left: 70.6%). Lastly, the gingival zeniths of lateral incisors were more frequently located coronal to the gingival line (86.27%), to a mean distance of 0.82mm (0.1 – 3.1mm; ±0.46 SD) and without significant differences among the genders (p=0.520). Conclusion: The data obtained from the present study could be taken into consideration during dental esthetic treatments, especially for Andean patients.
Surveying causes of surface water pollution at Sao River, Binh Thuy district, Can Tho city, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Giao
Published: February 2021

Surface water sources play an important role in human and biological activities and the socio-economic development of the region. Therefore, the assessment of water quality and determination of the causes of water pollution in Sao river is essential for good management of the surface water environment. The study was conducted from July to December 2020. Water samples were collected at the time of low tide to evaluate the water quality indicators of temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium (N-NH4+), orthophosphate (P-PO43-) and coliform. The source of pollution was determined by direct interviews with households living near Sao river. The results showed that surface water quality in Sao river had signs of organic pollution and microbiological pollution due to BOD, TSS, N-NH4+, P-PO43-, coliform exceeded the allowable limits of National Technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1). The results of the interview revealed that 70% of respondents said that water was seriously polluted and the main sources of pollution were domestic solid waste and domestic wastewater. Therefore, to improve surface water quality in Sao river, solid waste and wastewater management is urgently required. It is necessary to promote the monitoring and management of water quality with the participation of local authorities and communities.
The pattern of central corneal thickness in patients attending a Tertiary Hospital in Dar-Es-Salaam
Authors: Annamary Stanislaus  , Ntsilane Susan Mosenene  , Celina Mhina  , John Stanslaus Kisimbi  , Frederick Robert Burgess  , Milka Madaha Mafwiri  , Dilawar Padhan  , Anna John Sanyiwa
Published: February 2021

Background: Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) is an indicator of corneal health status as well as being an essential tool in assessment and management of corneal diseases. It is an important factor in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma as it affects the measurement of intraocular pressure. However, the pattern of central corneal thickness in our population is not known. Our study aimed to describe the CCT measurements and their variation with age and sex among patients attending the eye clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology: A hospital-based descriptive, cross-sectional study used convenient sampling to recruit adult patients aged 18 years and above, presenting to the MNH between August 2016 and January 2017.Visual acuity assessment, Goldman applanation tonometry and CCT assessment using an ultrasound pachymeter were performed. Patients with previous intraocular surgery were excluded. Results: A total of 398 patients (208 males and 190 females) were recruited. The mean CCT was 526.64±38.30 µm; being 523.99±38.20 µm for males and 529.7±38.3 µm for females. 226 (56.85%) had CCT of less than 520 µm.There was no statistically significant difference in CCT between gender. The proportion of patients with thinner CCT increased with increasing age from 25.8% in those < 30 years to 75% in those aged 71years and above. The mean CCT decreased with increasing age with P-value<0.001. Conclusion: The average CCT in patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital is 526.64 µm (SD 38.30) which is generally thin, inversely proportion to age and similar that of other Africans and African-Americans. This finding has implications for the management of glaucoma in this population.
Prevalence of cervical cancer - A 6 year Retrospective Study in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Yamuna Aminu Kani  , Yahaya Muhammad  , Abubakar Binji  , Sani Iliya  , Rehinatu Adejumo  , Ibrahim Muhammad Kamilu  , Muktar Isah
Published: February 2021

Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix-the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of human papilloma virus and sexual transmitted infections play major roles in the development of cancer. A systematic review on cervical cancer incidence and mortality rate shows that the scarcity of information reveals a substantial need for further studies on cervical cancer prevalence and mortality with associated risk factors. The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence and of cervical cancer among women in Jigawa, Northwestern Nigeria. This was a retrospective analytical study conducted at Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria. Data of590 subjects retrieved from histopathology laboratory and the subjects’ case files were retrospectively analyzed. Out of the 590 participants, apart from those with precancerous lesion, 80 (13.6%) - tested positive for cervical cancer, of the 80 positive patients, age group 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and above 65 represent 25%, 16.3%, 23.7% and 12.5% of the population respectively. Of the 80 cervical cancer patients, 70% had Squamous cell carcinoma, 18.8% had Adenocarcinoma, while 11.2% constituted the mixed cell carcinoma i.e. adenosquamous carcinoma. Conclusively, the current study revealed 13.6% prevalence of cervical cancer in Jigawa, Northwestern Nigeria. This is alarming and calls for urgent intervention and more studies on the condition.
Roles of vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones) and related proteins (prothrombin, des-γ-carboxyprothrombin, and γ-glutamic acid) in healthy adults
Authors: Yuichi Fukuzawa  , Katsuhiro Gotoh  , Soichiro Uehara
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the plasma levels of vitamin K (VK), prothrombin, des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) by ELISA with two types of monoclonal antibodies (MU-3 and 19B7), and urinary γ-carboxyglutamic acid (γ-Gla) in healthy adults (45 males and 45 females) and 11 patients with liver cirrhosis. VK and γ-Gla were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC, prothrombin was determined using a method with a synthetic chromogenic substrate, and DCPs were analyzed by immunoaffinity chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC, and measured by ELISA. We were able to detect phylloquinone K (PK) and menaquinones MK-4, -5, -6, -7, -8 and -9, and we isolated several DCPs from plasma. Age had significant positive correlations with levels of urinary γ-Gla, plasma MK-7 and total VK, and VKDPs (prothrombin and DCP using MU-3 antibody) in the healthy adults. Significant positive correlations were also found between urinary γ-Gla and plasma levels of PK, MK-4, MK-7, and total VK and VKDPs (prothrombin and DCP using MU-3 antibody) in the healthy adults. γ-Gla and total VK levels were significantly higher in healthy adults than in patients with liver cirrhosis, and VK components, prothrombin, DCPs, and the MU-3/19B7 ratio showed a tendency to be higher in the healthy adults. We conclude that the status of VK and related proteins may reflect the latent increase in des-γ-carboxylation in healthy aging.
Epidemiology of Trichomons vaginalis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Ipokia Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Erube Akuoma Sandra  , Idowu Emmanuel Taiwo  , Ibekpobaoku Agartha Nkem  , Ajayi Morakinyo Bamikole  , Gogwan Peter lengshat  , Aiyedogbon Adenike Shola
Published: February 2021

The study assessed the epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis among 200 pregnant women aged between 15-45 years attending antenatal care in three private hospitals in Idiroko, Ipokia Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Direct wet mount microscopy and culture were used on High Vaginal swabs collected from the consented participants after the administration of questionnaire to collect their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) with regard to the Trichomoniasis. The educational profile showed that 23% had primary education while 60% had secondary education. Age group between 15-25years 174(67%) of the participants were traders. 30(15%) Prevalence were positive for Trichomonas from wet mount microscopy method while no positive was recorded in the cultures. There was a statistical difference between number of sexual partners, occupation, family type and previous sexually transmitted infection. 114(57%) of respondents have not heard of sexually transmitted disease while 173(86%) of respondents were not aware that Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease. The result from this study indicate that trichomoniasis is still a public health problem in Nigeria and little have been done for its control. The risk factors of this disease includes age group, number of sexual partners, trimester and occupation.
Survey study: COVID-19 symptoms and lifestyle
Authors: Raida Khalil  , Nabaa Khudhair Abdullah  , Dalal Khaldoun Qaddoura  , Rahaf Jehad Alash
Published: February 2021

In the middle of 2020 coronavirus had becoming spread around the world with a high number of people infected with covid-19, which makes covid-19 international pandemic that leads the governments around the world to decided strict roles to prevent the spreading of the virus, like wearing masks, social distance, e-learning and curfew. Because SARS-Cov2 is a novel virus, research groups around the world are making an effort to study the genetic material and structure of this virus and to find suitable treatment and vaccine. Also, they are trying to analyze the impact on the people who are infected with covid-19 especially after recovering. This preliminary study is trying to analyze the survey data collected from patients in the Middle East especially Jordan and Iraq, to find out how much lifestyle could affect the long-lasting symptoms caused by covid-19. According to the data, there is a strong relationship between lifestyle and long-lasting symptoms of covid-19 especially physical exercise, taking supplements and drink caffeine frequently. Recommend to get more worldwide study about the impact of lifestyle on the long-lasting symptoms of covid-19.
Perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas para se pensar a identidade territorial camponesa nos livros didáticos de Geografia
Authors: Souza Francilane Eulália de
Published: February 2021

O Livro didático é um instrumento didático imbuído de paradigmas dominantes e, portanto, também constitui um espaço de disputa de poder. Nesse contexto, apresentamos análises teóricas e metodológicas sobre os conteúdos contidos na coleção de livros didáticos de Geografia Expedições Geográficas voltada para o ensino fundamental, observando se os mesmos permitem pensar o território em sua totalidade, abrindo possibilidades para valorizar a identidade territorial camponesa. Para tanto, partimos da pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental. Nessa investigação, consideramos que os volumes de livro didático aqui analisados, na medida em que sejam tomados de forma fiel pelos professores de Geografia em suas práxis, vêm concorrendo para uma não valorização da identidade territorial camponesa. Nesse contexto, as teorias da educação do campo podem ser de precioso auxílio, numa perspectiva de desconstrução e valorização de uma Geografia calcada em análises do campo como espaço das múltiplas dimensões da vida.
Aprendizagens da terra nas narrativas das mulheres do Quilombo Mata Cavalo
Authors: Santana Junia Auxiliadora , Silva Regina Aparecida , Nora Giseli Dalla
Published: February 2021

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Comunidade Quilombola de Mata Cavalo, município de Nossa Senhora do Livramento, estado de Mato Grosso. Como participantes de pesquisa, temos algumas representantes femininas do Quilombo Mata Cavalo. O objetivo foi conhecer as narrativas de aprendizagem de dez mulheres comprometidas com as lutas pelas terras quilombolas, discutindo a terra e o cuidado ambiental. Observamos se estas lutas incluem o cuidado ambiental, e por serem mulheres, como aprendem a conciliar a maternidade com as travessias cotidianas. Para tal, utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa participante, realizando entrevistas e observação com anotações em caderno de campo, gravação de áudio, vídeo e fotografias. Registramos que as principais táticas de resistência estão no reconhecimento do coletivo, na criação de associações e nos processos educativos vivenciados nas mobilizações, manifestações, campanhas e ações coletivas.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI GANGGUAN PADA TANAMAN JAMBU AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Yusuf Ahmat , Poetro Bagus Satrio Waluyo
Published: February 2021

The state of Indonesia, especially in the area of Central Java, is one of the largest producers of water guava. Some farmers rely on the results of guava cultivation as the basis for the family's economy because the guava harvest is quite promising. However, in certain seasons, water guava plants are often attacked by various kinds of pest and disease season disturbances. So that it can reduce crop yields or even cause crop failure. To overcome this problem, fast and precise action is needed so that the guava plant is protected from various kinds of pests and diseases. The method of developing an expert system for disturbance in water guava plants is the best solution in order to identify disturbances in water guava plants as early as possible. The method used in this expert system is the certainty factor method. With this method, several experts are needed to provide data related to disturbances in water guava plants. The expert system for guava plant disorders is designed using a web-based PHP programming language. In designing the knowledge base, which is the core of this system, is made dynamically to make it easier to add new data.
MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS USING THE METHOD SWOT AND QSPM IN INDUSTRIAL SCREEN PRINTING INDUSTRIES
Authors: Saputro Septiyan Adi , Mas'idah Eli , Sugiyono Andre
Published: February 2021

Omah Sablon is a company engaged in screen printing. As a company engaged in screen printing, Omah Sablon must be more creative in designing and deciding business missions and marketing strategies that will be applied in the field to be able to anticipate various kinds of changes that will occur. Companies can continue to compete and move in the direction of consumer desires, because basically the company's function is to produce goods and services that can be accepted by consumers as well as to meet consumer desires. The number of sales that have not been stable causes the profits obtained by the company to not reach the target as desired by the company. That is because the production or ordering process from omah screen printing consumers occurs seasonally. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the marketing strategy to increase sales results. In the analysis of marketing strategies Omah Sablon is carried out using the Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats (SWOT) and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) methods. The first step is filling out internal and external factor questionnaires which are then analyzed using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices, with values of IFE 2.69 and EFE 2.31, which are entered into the Grand Strategy matrix and known to the company located in quadrant I (has a perfect strategic position). Furthermore SWOT analysis to produce alternative strategies. Then from the Grand Strategy matrix analysis can draw conclusions to use the most interesting strategy to be analyzed using QSPM. Then from the results of the QSPM matrix it can be concluded that the most appropriate marketing strategy used by Omah Sablon to increase sales is Procurement of QC systems in the production process as a guarantor of product quality, Carrying out marketing programs with canvassing systems and also online systems in downtown Ungaran and providing fast service. and easy and add product variants.