bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of TiO
2
& B
4
C on the Mechanical
Behavior and Microstructural Properties of Light Weight Hybrid Metal Matrix
Composites for Compact Automobile Applications
Authors: Jaswin M. Arockia , Geetha R. , Mathialagan Saravanan , Suresh S.
Published: December 2024

This Experimental study demonstrates the influence of titanium dioxide
(TiO2) and boron carbide (B4C) reinforcements on the
mechanical behaviour and microstructural characteristics of lightweight hybrid
metal matrix composites (HMMCs) tailored for compact automobile applications.
The Aluminium metal matrix composites were synthesized using stir casting
technique to ensure uniform dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and
boron carbide (B4C) reinforcements within the aluminium matrix.
Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
optical Microscopy, were employed to analyze the microstructural evolution and
phase distribution. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength,
and wear resistance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated
significant enhancements in mechanical performance with 38% increase in tensile
strength, 22% increase in impact strength which are attributed to the
synergistic effects of TiO2 and B4C. These improvements
were correlated with refined grain structures and the formation of stable
intermetallic compounds. The optimized HMMCs exhibited a remarkable balance of
low density and high strength, making them highly suitable for automotive
components requiring weight reduction without any compromise in durability and
performance. This research provides valuable insights into the development of
high-performance, lightweight materials for the automotive industry.
Kleene Theorem for Higher-Dimensional Automata
Authors: Fahrenberg Uli , Johansen Christian , Struth Georg , Ziemiański Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

We prove a Kleene theorem for higher-dimensional automata. It states that the languages they recognise are precisely the rational subsumption-closed sets of finite interval pomsets. The rational operations on these languages include a gluing composition, for which we equip pomsets with interfaces. For our proof, we introduce higher-dimensional automata with interfaces, which are modelled as presheaves over labelled precube categories, and develop tools and techniques inspired by algebraic topology, such as cylinders and (co)fibrations. Higher-dimensional automata form a general model of non-interleaving concurrency, which subsumes many other approaches. Interval orders are used as models for concurrent and distributed systems where events extend in time. Our tools and techniques may therefore yield templates for Kleene theorems in various models and applications.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Lohosha R. , Pidlubnyi V. , Mazur Kateryna , Alieksieieva Olha , Alieksieieva Olha , Alieksieiev Oleksii , Bielkin Igor , Germaniuk Natalia , Koval Natalia , Kubai O. , Kondratova M. , Kubai K. , Pidvalna Oksana
Published: December 2024

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The content and reliability of the articles are the responsibility of the authors. When using and borrowing materials reference to the publication is required.
Enhancing Academic Engagement: Employing Board Points to Upraise English Participation among Grade 8 Students
Authors: B. Labad Cherry Mae , C. Piatos Almaluna , R. Baluyos Genelyn
Published: December 2024

Increasing student engagement and participation in classroom activities is a critical challenge faced by educators. Finding effective strategies to motivate students and foster active involvement can significantly impact their academic performance and overall learning experience. The study was conducted to enhance Grade 8 students' participation in English class through the implementation of Board Points during the academic year 2023-2024 at one of the secondary schools in Ozamiz City, Philippines. The research utilized a classroom-based action research design, employing purposive sampling to select 32 students as participants. Data collection used a researcher-made instrument, specifically a Likert scale, to measure student participation levels. The analysis included calculating the mean and standard deviation, conducting a T-test to identify significant differences before and after the intervention, and thematic analysis with the aid of Hyper Research. Findings reveal that before implementing the Board Points system, the level of student participation was moderately high. After the intervention, participation significantly improved, reaching a very high level, thus demonstrating the system's effectiveness in enhancing engagement. The study also showed a highly significant difference in participation levels before and after the intervention. Additional positive developments among learners included an increased sense of achievement, strengthened peer relationships, and improved academic performance. These results suggest that the Board Points system is valuable for boosting student engagement in English classes. Based on these findings, it is recommended that English teachers and educators in other subjects consider integrating the Board Points system into their teaching strategies to enhance student participation and engagement.
Multiplying Polynomials without Powerful Multiplication Instructions
Authors: Hwang Vincent , Kim YoungBeom , Seo Seog Chung
Published: December 2024

We improve the performance of lattice-based cryptosystems Dilithium on Cortex-M3 with expensive multiplications. Our contribution is two-fold: (i) We generalize Barrett multiplication and show that the resulting shape-independent modular multiplication performs comparably to long multiplication on some platforms without special hardware when precomputation is free. We call a modular multiplication “shape-independent” if its correctness and efficiency depend only on the magnitude of moduli and not the shapes of the moduli. This was unknown in the literature even though modular multiplication has been studied for more than 40 years. In the literature, shape-independent modular multiplications often perform several times slower than long multiplications even if we ignore the cost of the precomputation. (ii) We show that polynomial multiplications based on Nussbaumer fast Fourier transform and Toom–Cook over Z2k perform the best when modular multiplications are expensive and k is not very close to the arithmetic precision.For practical evaluation, we implement assembly programs for the polynomial arithmetic used in the digital signature Dilithium on Cortex-M3. For the modular multiplications in Dilithium, our generalized Barrett multiplications are 1.92 times faster than the state-of-the-art assembly-optimized Montgomery multiplications, leading to 1.38−1.51 times faster Dilithium NTT/iNTT. Along with the improvement in accumulating products, the core polynomial arithmetic matrix-vector multiplications are 1.71−1.77 times faster. We further apply the FFT-based polynomial multiplications over Z2k to the challenge polynomial multiplication ct0, leading to 1.31 times faster computation for ct0.We additionally apply the ideas to Saber on Cortex-M3 and demonstrate their improvement to Dilithium and Saber on our 8-bit AVR environment. For Saber on Cortex-M3, we show that matrix-vector multiplications with FFT-based polynomial multiplications over Z2k are 1.42−1.46 faster than the ones with NTT-based polynomial multiplications over NTT-friendly coefficient rings. When moving to a platform with smaller arithmetic precision, such as 8-bit AVR, we improve the matrix-vector multiplication of Dilithium with our Barrett-based NTT/iNTT by a factor of 1.87−1.89. As for Saber on our 8-bit AVR environment, we show that matrixvector multiplications with NTT-based polynomial multiplications over NTT-friendly coefficient rings are faster than polynomial multiplications over Z2k due to the large k in Saber.
Call Rewinding: Efficient Backward Edge Protection
Authors: Biton Téo , Gilles Olivier , Gracia Pérez Daniel , Kosmatov Nikolai , Pillement Sébastien
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of memory-unsafe software prompts significant efforts by the research community to mitigate memory corruption bugs. This endeavor is crucial for safeguarding critical systems against security threats. Specifically, there is a focus to protect against code-reuse attacks through enforcing control-flow integrity (CFI). This paper introduces call rewinding, a novel microarchitecture-level mechanism for protection of return addresses. It is based on a property of the calling convention that is common to major architectures such as x86, ARM and RISC-V, which states that all return instructions transfer control to a valid call site. Call rewinding consists of jumping to the instruction preceding the return target for each return instruction and checking if the instruction at this address is a call or not. On systems equipped with return address prediction, a commonly employed optimization, the security check is performed only on mispredicted return addresses. The proposed protection mechanism demonstrates negligible impact on both area and performance. We implement call rewinding on the CV64A6, a RISC-V CPU with consequent branch prediction support. Our evaluation validates the effectiveness of call rewinding, both in bare-metal and in a Linux operating system (OS) environment. It triggers no false positives in bare-metal and is functional with the OS extended with a custom exception handler. Furthermore, our findings indicate that call rewinding successfully detects unauthorized return addresses, highlighting its potential as a reliable and efficient security mechanism.
Screen, brain and behavior: neuroscientific evidence about the negative effects of prolonged use
Authors: Lopes Gabriel César Dias
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This article addresses the negative effects of prolonged screen time on children and adolescents, with an emphasis on neuroscientific consequences and mental health. The introduction explores the growing concern about the relationship between screen time, cognitive and emotional development, and physical well-being, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion is based on three studies that provide complementary perspectives on the impacts of screen time. Objective: To explore and synthesize neuroscientific evidence on the negative effects of prolonged screen time on children and adolescents, highlighting the impacts on the developing brain, mental health, and behavior. The objective also includes pointing out gaps in the literature and suggesting guidelines for public interventions. Method: The research was conducted through a literature review, analyzing three main articles: Sultana et al. (2020): Relationship between screen time and physical and mental health, focusing on sedentary lifestyle and ecological impact. Marciano et al. (2021): Review of neuroscientific evidence on the effects of digital media use on the brains of adolescents, addressing cognitive functions and addictive behaviors. Limone and Toto (2022): Analysis of the psychological and emotional impacts of excessive use of digital technologies, with emphasis on sleep disorders and mental health. The articles were selected for their thematic relevance and focus on children and adolescents, providing a solid basis for analyzing the multifaceted consequences of screen use. Results: Sultana et al. (2020): Excessive screen time is associated with adverse consequences, such as eye problems, sedentary lifestyle, and risks of noncommunicable diseases. An active lifestyle mitigates such impacts. Marciano et al. (2021): Screen use affects cognitive control processes and executive functions, and can lead to addictive behaviors. The quality of digital content also influences the effects on the brain. Limone and Toto (2022): Excessive use of digital technologies is associated with sleep disorders, emotional vulnerability, and mental health problems in adolescents. Effective interventions are urgently needed to minimize these impacts. Conclusions: Prolonged screen time use is clearly associated with negative effects on mental health and cognitive development in children and adolescents. The reviewed literature highlights the need to consider both the quantity and quality of screen time, as well as public interventions to mitigate the harmful effects. More research, especially longitudinal studies, is needed to better understand the interactions between technology, development and health, providing solid guidelines for the responsible use of digital devices.
Efectos neurológicos y psicológicos de los incendios forestales: Reflexiones desde la perspectiva de Una Sola Salud
Authors: Cortés Manuel E. , Alfaro-Silva Andrea A.
Published: December 2024

Señora Editora:

En el contexto de cambio climático global, Sudamérica ha experimentado en los últimos años fuertes olas de calor, potenciadas con intensas sequías y asociadas frecuentemente a incendios forestales.1 Ecuador no ha estado exento a esta realidad.2 Para los profesionales de la salud interesados en neurociencias es relevante conocer cómo los incendios afectan la neurofisiología y la salud mental de las personas expuestas a estos desastres. Esta carta discute los efectos neurológicos y psicológicos de los incendios forestales desde la perspectiva de Una Sola Salud (One Health).
Eutanasia en Ecuador: Reflexiones médicas y jurídicas
Authors: Gruezo-Realpe Presley , Fernández-Rosales Norberto
Published: December 2024

Estimada Editora:

Ante la sentencia emitida por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador sobre la eutanasia y las directrices para su regulación, en virtud del caso de Paola Roldán, se han planteado distintas posiciones para su ejecucion.

Para los neurólogos, responsables de atender a pacientes con diversas patologías “incapacitantes e incurables,” es imperativo establecer una postura. Tal es así, que en países en que la eutanasia es legal, las enfermedades neurológicas corresponden a la segunda causa por la cual se la pide, posterior al cáncer, equivalente del 10 al 30%.
Depresión en adultos que asisten a los centros de día en Ecuador: Prevalencia y variables asociadas.
Authors: Adana-Díaz Lila , Rodríguez-Lorenzana Alberto , Mascialino Guido , Parra César , Jiménez Yeovanny
Published: December 2024

Objetivos: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la depresión en adultos que asisten a centros de día en Quito, Ecuador.

Métodos: Es un estudio correlacional con un diseño transversal no experimental. El estudio se aplicó en los 8 “Centros de Experiencia del Adulto Mayor” de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador. Se evaluaron 463 adultos con una edad promedio de 70,15 años, se administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud, se midieron el funcionamiento cognitivo, los niveles de depresión, la autonomía y la actividad física.

Resultados: mediante regresiones lineales, se identificaron relaciones directas entre las puntuaciones de depresión con el estado civil (B=0,276, p=0,04) y la insuficiencia renal (B=1,257, p=0,007); y relaciones inversas con nivel educativo (B=-0. 537, p=0.002), horas de sueño (B=-0.342, p<0.001), consumo de pescado (B=-0.318, p=0.021), actividad física (B= -0,454, p=0,002) y deterioro cognitivo (B=-0,091, p<0,001).

Conclusiones: Los resultados reflejan la importancia de considerar un enfoque holístico en el abordaje de la depresión en el adulto mayor, incluyendo la salud, el estado funcional y el estado cognitivo en conjunto para prevenir y/o abordar la depresión en los adultos mayores. Este estudio contribuye a la implementación de políticas públicas de salud relacionadas con las variables que se asocian a la depresión en el adulto.
Experiencia de aprendizaje autorregulado y su efecto en el rendimiento académico de universitarios de primer año
Authors: Gálvez-Gamboa Francisco , Pinochet-Quiroz Palmenia , Lepe-Martínez Nancy , Cabrera Lolic Hernán
Published: December 2024

Una de las variables relevantes y predictoras en la explicación del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios es la autorregulación del aprendizaje. Es por ello que, se convierte en una de las áreas necesarias de desarrollar y promover principalmente en los primeros años de vida universitaria.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de la experiencia de aprendizaje sobre la autorregulación del aprendizaje, autoeficacia para la regulación del estudio, disposición al estudio y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de primer año.

El método tiene un enfoque cuantitativo con datos de corte transversal en una muestra compuesta por 115 estudiantes universitarios de una carrera del área de Ingeniería. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó con el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales.

Los resultados muestran que las experiencias de aprendizaje tienen un efecto positivo sobre las variables en estudio y en específico sobre el rendimiento académico.

Ello implica que las experiencias del estudiante en el proceso de aprendizaje, donde especialmente relevantes resultan las prácticas docentes para promover la autorregulación del aprendizaje, tienen un efecto directo sobre su desempeño académico.
The creation of competence centers (using the example of the organization of outpatient cancer care centers) in the public health system: The experience of Moscow
Authors: Gadzhieva S. M.
Published: December 2024

The large-scale transformation of the capital’s healthcare system included the creation of competence centers to provide citizens with affordable and high-quality medical care in the most popular fields, including oncology. To provide medical care to patients with neoplasms in a full cycle, outpatient cancer care centers were included in the structure of cancer centers.

   Aim. To analyze Moscow’s experience in launching competence centers using the example of creating outpatient cancer care centers.

   Materials and methods. In the course of the research, a content analysis of literary data and regulatory legal acts of the Moscow Healthcare Department was used. The analysis of indicators of primary morbidity of the entire population (A00-T98) and by class of neoplasm (C00-D48) in Russia as a whole, the Central Federal District according to Rosstat and Moscow. A sociological method was used in the form of a survey and questionnaire of patients.

   Results. The number of all registered diseases in the medical organizations of the Moscow Healthcare Department in 2022 amounted to 752.4 cases per 1000 population, which is lower than in Russia and the Central Federal District. The number of registered malignant neoplasms in 2022 was 12.0 cases per 1000 population, which is higher than the average for Russia and the Central Federal District. In Moscow, in 2022, for the first time, 65 % of patients with malignant neoplasms detected at stages I and II were registered at the dispensary. The proportion of patients registered for 5 years or more in 2022 was 58.7 %.

   Conclusion. At the moment, the system of organization of oncological care is a set of structures that combine all stages of care: from diagnosis to follow-up. Monitoring of diagnostic and treatment results at the level of the patient and the entire organization as a whole is carried out continuously and is the basis for evaluating the achievement of performance indicators.
Basic principles and integrated approach to the development of Moscow healthcare
Authors: Khripun A. I.
Published: December 2024

In modern socio-political and socio-economic conditions, the task of preserving, strengthening and improving the health of the population of any city, especially the capital, is becoming extremely relevant and important. The capital’s healthcare system implements a state policy in the field of healthcare, providing the necessary conditions for providing citizens with affordable and high-quality medical care.

   Aim. Describe the main approaches to the modernization of Moscow healthcare, taking into account the pace of development of the megalopolis infrastructure and the needs of its residents in high-quality and affordable medical care.

   Materials and methods. The analysis of the general morbidity and by classes of diseases, the average number of visits per resident per year by disease, resource provision and activities of medical organizations subordinate to the Moscow Healthcare Department according to federal forms of statistical observation for 2018–2022 was carried out.

   Results. Against the background of an increase in the general morbidity of adults in the Russian Federation (by 10.4 %), a similar trend is observed in Moscow (by 4.8 % in 2022 compared to 2021). Currently, a number of projects aimed at transforming and modernizing the current healthcare system are being implemented in the capital, thanks to the implementation of which in recent years Moscow has managed to achieve the targets of the Capital Healthcare program and significantly exceed similar national averages – for the period 2010–2022, life expectancy has increased from 74.2 years to 78.2 years; for the period 2018–2022, primary morbidity has significantly decreased (for example, diseases of the digestive system – by more than 28 %, diseases of the musculoskeletal system – by more than 30 %); waiting time for admission by a doctor in the polyclinic network has been reduced by 3.3 times. Including an increase in the average number of visits per resident (8.4) compared to 2018 – by 3.7 %.

   Conclusion. Modernization of the capital’s medicine is carried out at the level of technical equipment, staffing and organizational solutions. New management technologies include an integrated approach to infrastructure modernization, building scalable processes and maximum automation, which requires both an integrated approach within the Moscow Healthcare Department and intersectoral cooperation.
Praktik Keberlanjutan di Teaching Factory Agribisnis: Perspektif Model Bisnis
Authors: Galushasti Andarula , Anggraeni Rifqi Dwi , Amarullah Dudi
Published: December 2024

Keberlanjutan dalam agribisnis semakin dipandang penting mengingat tantangan lingkungan global, masalah ketahanan pangan, dan harapan pemangku kepentingan yang terus berkembang. Konsep Teaching Factory (TF) di bidang agribisnis semakin populer sebagai model untuk mengintegrasikan pendidikan dengan industri untuk meningkatkan praktik pertanian berkelanjutan dan inovasi bisnis. Makalah ini mengeksplorasi titik temu antara praktik keberlanjutan dan model bisnis di Teaching Factory, khususnya dalam pengaturan agribisnis pasca-2022. Dengan menggunakan lensa model bisnis, kami memeriksa bagaimana keberlanjutan tertanam dalam TF, dan kami menilai tantangan dan peluang untuk menyelaraskan tujuan ekonomi, lingkungan, dan sosial dalam pendidikan agribisnis. Melalui studi kasus, yang didukung oleh penelitian terbaru, kami menyoroti model-model yang menunjukkan manfaat dan keterbatasan dari praktik-praktik berkelanjutan. Temuan kami berkontribusi pada wacana yang berkembang tentang peran TF dalam mendorong agribisnis berkelanjutan dan menawarkan implikasi praktis bagi para pendidik, pembuat kebijakan, dan praktisi industri.
International drug trafficking: a case study of the South Asian region
Authors: Tariq Abdullah , Khan Zahoor , Pervez Samreen , Qadeem Shaheyar , Ullah Najeeb
Published: December 2024

The complex dynamics of international drug trafficking in South Asia, a region characterized by diverse cultures, socioeconomic difficulties, and complex geopolitical landscapes, are examined in this paper. Due to its physical proximity to the Golden Crescent, South Asian nations have emerged as a significant hub for the production and transportation of a variety of illegal substances, most notably opiates. The study evaluates how drug trafficking and regional instability interact, with a particular emphasis on how corruption, poverty, and insurgency support the drug trade. Analyses with adjacent regions show varying regulation strategies and enforcement capacities, while case studies from Afghanistan highlight the effects of drugs on local economies and governments. Additionally, the study investigates how drug trafficking affects the region's socioeconomic development, public health, and security. Along with evaluating the efficacy of present policies and initiatives, the involvement of bilateral and international agencies in the fight against drug trafficking is also evaluated. Lastly, the results highlight the necessity of a thorough, multifaceted strategy to address the underlying causes of drug trafficking in South Asia, focusing on cooperation between regional governments and foreign partners to promote long-term solutions and improve security.
Discurso e prática na geografia humana
Authors: Erica Schoenberger  , Leite de Barros Ana Maria , Santos Leandro Bruno
Published: December 2024

Este artigo analisa o modo como nosso discurso disciplinar molda nossas práticas materiais enquanto pesquisadores e nossas formas de pensar. Utiliza como estudo de caso o termo “competitividade”, considerando suas origens e significados dentro da economia e dos negócios, a forma como estes significados são importados para nosso próprio trabalho e as consequências de uma aceitação acrítica da validade e do significado do termo. O artigo analisa dois exemplos de discurso em ação, questionando em que medida a “competitividade” da Nike depende do acesso à mão de obra de baixo custo em locais de produção em países estrangeiros e se a “competitividade” de Baltimore seria prejudicada pela adoção de um “salário-mínimo digno” como o mínimo local. O artigo argumenta sobre a necessidade de analisar a nós mesmos como atores sociais e históricos e de avaliar a maneira como trabalhamos e usamos a linguagem para fortalecer nossa pesquisa e melhorar a posição da disciplina.
Laicidade e democracia no Brasil
Authors: Vital da Cunha Christina , Morais Mariana Ramos de , Duarte Tatiane dos S.
Published: December 2024

O livro Laicidade e democracia no Brasil: trajetórias e campos de trabalho em foco abre a Série Controvérsias da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia (ABA). Nele, aborda-se um tema inaugural da modernidade ocidental, a laicidade como movimento social e jurídico de afastamento da institucionalidade religiosa em relação ao Estado e, potencialmente, de suas decisões políticas. A atualização de seu lugar no debate público brasileiro ganha força nos anos 2000, sobretudo, a partir das eleições de 2010, quando temáticas do aborto e do combate à homofobia tiveram maior relevância e visibilidade e organização de grupos conservadores do cristianismo, especialmente evangélico, direcionaram as pautas da mídia, os pronunciamentos de parlamentares e a mobilização social. A Comissão Laicidade e Democracia da ABA tem acompanhado e participado desse debate em diferentes frentes. Nesta coletânea, convidamos pesquisadores e ativistas de várias regiões do Brasil, com formações em diversas áreas do conhecimento, religiosos e não religiosos, a contribuírem com textos breves sobre o tema da laicidade e suas interfaces com questões candentes na vida social, política e acadêmica na contemporaneidade. São dezesseis capítulos e um posfácio. Alguns abordam o tema proposto através de suas próprias trajetórias de pesquisa e/ou ativismo, enquanto outras e outros enfatizam mais a análise sobre situações e atores específicos em três tradições: catolicismo, evangelicalismo e matrizes afro.
Laicidade, favorecimento, e a acomodação razoável no Brasil
Authors: Leite Fábio Carvalho
Published: December 2024

Neste capítulo é analisado como nos últimos anos, a laicidade tem merecido maior atenção por parte dos acadêmicos de Direito. Contudo, essa contribuição intelectual teve poucos reflexos na interpretação e aplicação do conceito pelos tribunais. Decisões recentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), mais especificamente o julgamento conjunto dos processos RE 611.874 e ARE 1.099.099,
realizado em 20/11/2020, podem sugerir algum avanço por parte do tribunal no tratamento do tema. Como argumento neste trabalho, o avanço do STF refere-se mais ao resultado alcançado (seja nos dois casos concretos, seja nas teses formuladas naqueles julgamentos) do que à interpretação do conceito de laicidade. Grosso modo, a laicidade é invocada em (i) casos em que se discute o direito a um tratamento diferenciado a cidadãos que professam crenças minoritárias (o que inclui algumas religiões cristãs fora do catolicismo) e (ii) casos que envolvem um favorecimento à crença majoritária (cristianismo em geral, catolicismo em particular). Este breve trabalho está dividido em 3 tópicos: no primeiro, trato da acomodação razoável e em que medida isso afetou a compreensão a respeito da laicidade; no segundo, aponto os problemas que permanecem na interpretação da laicidade, a partir de julgados do STF e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) sobre favorecimento à crença majoritária, e mesmo nos referidos julgados sobre acomodação razoável. No terceiro(considerações finais), apresento algumas sugestões para o aprimoramento do debate em torno da laicidade no Direito.
A urgência do debate sobre liberdade religiosa
Authors: Bencke Romi
Published: December 2024

Neste capítulo, através da análise de alguns casos, pretendo discutir a liberdade religiosa e sua relação com laicidade no Brasil. A liberdade religiosa é um direito a ser garantido, entretanto, como direito, ela não deve ser compreendida sem considerar as contradições da realidade brasileira, que, por um lado, garante o direito à liberdade religiosa, ao mesmo tempo que não reforça o caráter indivisível deste direito. O debate sobre liberdade religiosa exige que estejam no centro da discussão todas as estruturas que nos separam como sociedade. A liberdade religiosa, ao ser reivindicada como direito absoluto por um grupo hegemônico, converte-se facilmente em ação violenta e coercitiva.
Os sentidos contemporâneos da “laicidade à brasileira” e as lutas afrorreligiosas para reconhecimento de direitos
Authors: Miranda Ana Paula
Published: December 2024

Em “Os sentidos contemporâneos da ‘laicidade à brasileira’ e as lutas afrorreligiosas para reconhecimento de direitos”, a autora Ana Paula Mendes de Miranda destaca as tensões entre os discursos e práticas de representantes de instituições,evidenciando como os direitos de religiosos de tradições afro são negados cotidianamente, ao mesmo tempo em que também são atacados no plano das moralidades.
Rumo ao Estado laicoou reconstrução deuma trajetória entre abiografia e a história
Authors: Cunha Luiz Antonio
Published: December 2024

Neste capítulo, autor revisita seu percurso acadêmico para o pensamento e o debate sobre a concepção da laicidade como dimensão do Estado democrático. Portanto, trata-se de um texto sobre o processo de seu envolvimento no tema, desde sua atuação política no campo educacional na luta contra as políticas educacionais da ditadura militar até suas contribuições teóricas para as discussões sobre laicidade, do que um produto final. Nesse sentido, escrutina como a temática da laicidade foi sendo paulatinamente incorporada em sua atuação traçando um rico histórico das ações e do debate sobre laicidade e educação no Brasil ao longo desse período, bem como os desafios atuais postos à garantia da laicidade do estado brasileiro.
Investigating the Moderating Contribution of Mothers' Educational Level with Resilience and Stress among School Children
Authors: Mushtaq Aneela , Ali Saima Masoom
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of mothers' educational levels on the relationship between resilience and stress among adolescents. Adolescents face various challenges during the age transition period. Mothers are the primary support providers who play a pivotal role in aiding children throughout this phase. This study investigated the moderating role of mothers' educational levels concerning resilience and stress levels among adolescents. Participants were randomly selected from secondary and higher secondary educational institutions to investigate this phenomenon and differences in resilience across different age groups. The results indicate that mothers' educational levels significantly reduce stress levels and enhance resilience among school children, enabling them to navigate the challenges associated with the transition period more effectively. A notable differentiation in resilience levels between different age groups was observed. This study concentrated on adolescents aged 15 to 18 and investigated how parental education influences puberty-related problems. The investigation restricted itself to mothers with intermediate and graduate credentials; future research comparing maternal education levels might provide more detailed insights.
Study Protocol for a Randomized Health and Social Literacy Intervention to Improve Maternal Health in Pakistan
Authors: Jafree Sara Rizvi , Ahsan Humna , Zakar Rubeena , Muzamill Anam , Burhan Syeda Khadija , Javed Ambreen , Durrani Rana Rubab , Fischer Florian
Published: December 2024

Many poor and illiterate women in reproductive years in Pakistan live in underdeveloped areas and are solely dependent on free primary health services provided by the state through the Lady Health Worker (LHW) Programme. These women need higher health and social literacy to make informed health decisions and receive inferior services from overburdened LHWs. This project aims to deliver a health and social literacy intervention by integrating Community Social Workers (CSWs) at the primary level to promote maternal health in the country. A 24-month intervention with six health and social literacy modules will be delivered by trained CSWs. Multistage randomized sampling will be used to sample 6 BHUs across six cities from six districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 360 women will be sampled and assigned randomly to the experiment and control groups. Pakistan needs to catch up on its sustainable development goals for maternal health, not just due to the limitations of the existing services, but also due to the low health and social literacy of women, which prevents effective uptake. Each LHW is expected to have an estimated 1,500 women clients for multiple services, which makes support for women’s literacy and awareness difficult. Integrating a partner workforce or CSWs to support disadvantaged women for improved maternal health outcomes is critically needed. The results of this intervention will advise policymakers and stakeholders about long-term plans for literacy support of women and the integration of CSWs in the primary healthcare setup.
Application of AI in Talent Management A Systematic Review of Benefits, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Mir Anum Imran
Published: December 2024

This systematic literature review explores the current state, advantages, disadvantages, and potential future of using artificial intelligence in talent management. A total of 29 articles published in 2015- 2024 suggest that 33% of the organizations have implemented AI/ML tools, and only 16% are optimally using HR technologies for organizational results. The review identifies four key domains of AI implementation: recruitment and selection, performance analysis, development and training of employees, and strategic implementation. Benefits include increased operational effectiveness, improved decision-making, organizational talent management, and workforce planning processes. That said, technical difficulties, ethical issues on the use of artificial intelligence, privacy, and some organizational individuals' reluctance towards using artificial intelligence remain major hurdles. The results show an increase in the number of publications in recent years, focusing on 2023 and occupying the majority share of journals (83%). More future directions focus on developing a strong theoretical foundation, implementation proposals, and improved ethical standards. These observations indicate that AI holds the potential to revolutionize TM practices but also that organizations need to be cautious of the challenges pertaining to technology integration keeping in view the ethical and human aspects of organizational functioning to effectuate successful implementation.
Ücretlerin bankalar aracılığıyla brüt tutar üzerinden ödenmesine yönelik değerlendirmeler ve bir senaryo önerisi
Authors: Demirbilek İbrahim
Published: December 2024

Ücretler üzerinden alınan gelir vergisi ve sosyal güvenlik primleri, kamunun temel gelirleri arasında yer alır. Ülke bütçesinin %10’unu ve istihdamda olanların %90’ını kapsayan ücretlere ilişkin vergi ve primler, aynı zamanda en önemli sosyal politika araçlarındandır. Oran ve sınırlarının belirlenmesi, tahakkukunun gerçekleştirilmesinin yanı sıra bu tür kamu gelirlerine ilişkin önemli olan bir diğer husus ise bunların zamanında, tam ve doğru olarak takip ve tahsil edilebilmesidir. Ücretler üzerinden alınan vergi ve primlere dair mevcut uygulamaya göre bu tür kamu gelirlerinin tahakkuk ve tahsili, işverenlerin çalışanlara ödedikleri brüt tutarlar üzerinden kesinti yapılması ve yapılan kesintinin, yine işverenler aracılığıyla ilgili kuruma ödenmesi üzerine kuruludur. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, ücretler üzerinden yapılan vergi ve prim kesintileri ve bu kesintilerin kamuya aktarılmasına ilişkin mevcut uygulamanın yarattığı sorunlar ile bu sorunların çözümüne dair ortaya konulan senaryonun uygulanabilirliği irdelenmiştir. İşçi, işveren ve kamu yönünden belirgin sorunsal alanların oluşmasına yol açtığı anlaşılan mevcut uygulama; kamu gelirlerin takip ve tahsili, kayıt dışı istihdam, sahte sigortalılık bildirimi gibi idarenin temel sorunsal alanlarının yanı sıra yargının iş yükünün artmasına da yol açmaktadır. Kamunun finansmanına yönelik olası katkılarının da irdelendiği çalışmada, vergi ve primlerin oran ve sınırlarına yönelik değerlendirmeden ziyade mevcut kesinti ve tahsilat yöntemine ilişkin tespit ve değerlendirmeler üzerinde yoğunlaşılmıştır. Diğer yandan, çalışanların ücretleri üzerinden kamu adına yapılan kesintilerin işverene ait olduğu yanılsamasını içeren mevcut uygulama, emekten sermayeye doğru servet transferine de yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, önerilen senaryonun uygulanabilirliğinden öte mevcut yöntemin yarattığı sorunsal alanlar ile değiştirilmesine yönelik tespit ve değerlendirmeler incelenmiştir.
A Machine Learning Framework for Early-Stage Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Muhammed Danish P  , Dr. Kavitha S M  , Mr. Sreekanth S  , Ms. Anusree C  , Ms. Dilna VC
Published: December 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental condition that significantly impacts the daily lives of those affected. While complete eradication remains challenging, early interventions can help alleviate its severity. This study presents a novel framework for assessing various Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect ASD early. The framework incorporates four Feature Scaling (FS) methods—Quantile Transformer (QT), Power Transformer (PT), Normalizer, and Max Abs Scaler (MAS). Subsequently, the scaled datasets are subjected to classification using eight ML algorithms: Ada Boost (AB), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Experiments are conducted on four established ASD datasets categorizing individuals by age groups—Toddlers, Adolescents, Children, and Adults. By evaluating classification outcomes through diverse statistical metrics such as Accuracy, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, F1-score, Precision, Recall, Mathews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Kappa score, and Log loss, optimal classification methods and FS techniques are determined for each dataset. Results show AB achieving the highest accuracy of 99.25% for Toddlers and 97.95% for Children, while LDA achieves 97.12% for Adolescents and 99.03% for Adults. Notably, using normalizer FS for Toddlers and Children, and QT FS for Adolescents and Adults yield the best accuracies. Furthermore, ASD risk factors are quantified, and attribute importance is ranked employing four Feature Selection Techniques (FSTs)—Info Gain Attribute Evaluator (IGAE), Gain Ratio Attribute Evaluator (GRAE), Relief F Attribute Evaluator (RFAE), and Correlation Attribute Evaluator (CAE). These comprehensive evaluations underscore the significance of fine-tuning ML methodologies for accurate ASD prediction across different age groups. The detailed analysis of feature importance presented herein can aid healthcare practitioners in ASD screening, offering promising advancements compared to existing detection approaches.
A Review on the Effects of Caffeine on Human Health
Authors: Akshata S Khandare  , Vrushabh A Chavan  , Priti B Bombale  , Prof. Shubham Gholap
Published: December 2024

Caffeine is the world’s most popular stimulant and psychoactive substance. Given the universal use of caffeine, it is crucial for us to comprehend how our body interacts with caffeine. The pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its action mechanisms have been reviewed in this paper. The safety and recommended dosage of caffeine in healthy adults and vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women are also discussed in this paper. While caffeine consumption is generally safe, this review paper also examines the potential effects that caffeine could have on human health and development. Studies indicated that caffeine exhibits neuroprotective properties, potentially serving as a preventive measure against the onset of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The article also explores various physiological effects of caffeine on the body, in addition to investigating novel drug delivery techniques, particularly nano-delivery systems designed to efficiently administer caffeine
Easy Cleaning, Happy Life: A Review of the Hand-Washable Table
Authors: Mr. Shubham Kokare  , Prof. Joshi M. M.  , Mr. Tejas Chavan  , Mr. Aniruddha Madake
Published: December 2024

The hand-washable table is one of the breakthroughs in furniture, addressing easy cleaning and maintenance while marrying adventurous design and technology. This review writes the salient features and the materials and construction concepts that have been employed in the manufacture of a robust yet sanitary table to be placed in some areas. The need for easy application in cleaning is expanded upon furniture-wise for high-use cases, infested with contamination and wear. This table is an adaptation of e-textiles into the functional and washable design. Some are larger and very portable, attempting to find that rare equilibrium of functionality and portability. Examples of additional aspects addressed include antimicrobial waterproof coatings which protect against moisture and microbial contamination. Cleaning and maintenance of the hand-washable table, including ease and efficiency, along with any particular instructions or special recommendations, are highlighted. This review provides an assessment of the table's performance and durability based on material use, environmental condition, and innovation concerning durability enhancement. Direct information on hand-washable tables is limited and thus draws perspectives from adjacent research on washable electronic textiles and wearable tech to help surmise some potential challenges and solutions to be proposed. In conclusion, the hand-washable table offers hope in the sector of furniture innovations in that it integrates clothing materials and technologies in providing a cleanliness-guaranteed, easy-care table top. Further research would, however, be needed to clarify areas regarding performance, durability, and cleanliness and maintenance instructions
Design and Implementation of a MIPS Datapath
Authors: Mohd Hakimi Zohari  , Mohd Shamian Zainal  , Azlina Bahari
Published: December 2024

Finally, the integration of these individual components culminates in the execution of the complete MIPS datapath. The MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) architecture serves as a widely recognized and utilized instruction set architecture. Implementing the complete datapath involves orchestrating the flow of instructions through the CPU, from instruction fetch to execution and memory access, showcasing the culmination of our efforts in crafting a functional and efficient processor. In essence, this project not only provides a hands-on experience in HDL-based digital design but also immerses us in the intricacies of CPU architecture, emphasizing the importance of each component in achieving a harmonious and high-performance computing system
ОТРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УДВОЕННЫХ ГАПЛОИДОВ ЯЧМЕНЯ В КУЛЬТУРЕ ПЫЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Петраш Н.В. , Бехтольд Н.П. , Пискарев В.В.
Published: December 2024

Удвоенные гаплоиды представляют значительный интерес для прикладных селекционных работ и фундаментальных исследований. Многими условиями определяется успех технологии получения удвоенных гаплоидов ячменя. Помимо основного ограничивающего фактора «генотип» на конечный выход гаплоидов оказывает влияние выращивание донорных растений, способ и продолжительность предобработок, а также состав питательных сред.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ВЕКТОРА НА ОСНОВЕ ВИРУСА МИКСОМЫ КРОЛИКОВ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ РЕКОМБИНАНТНОГО БЕЛКА CD2V РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ШТАММОВ ВИРУСА АФРИКАНСКОЙ ЧУМЫ СВИНЕЙ
Authors: Кольцов А.Ю. , Сухер М.М. , Крутько С.А. , Белов С.В. , Кольцова Г.С.
Published: December 2024

Африканская чума свиней — контагиозная вирусная геморрагическая лихорадка домашних и диких свиней. Смертность восприимчивых животных может достигать 100 %. Вирус АЧС — крупный икосаэдрический цитоплазматический вирус, единственный представитель семейства Asfarviridae. В настоящий момент в России не зарегистрировано вакцин против АЧС, однако в некоторых странах Азии доступно несколько коммерческих вакцин.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ПРИВИТОГО ПОСАДОЧНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ОВОЩНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ БАКЛАЖАНА (ЛАТ. SOLÁNUM MELONGÉNA) ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ IN VITRO
Authors: Виноградов И.А.
Published: December 2024

Анализируя применяющиеся в настоящее время технологии при выращивании овощных культур, следует отметить, что наиболее перспективными являются высокоинтенсивные культуры с урожайностью близкой к своему биологическому потенциалу, с высоким уровнем качества продукции при помощи современных разработок научно-технического прогресса и с минимальными экологическими рисками. Эти технологии относятся к категории точного земледелия с использованием прецизионных и информационных технологий, современных препаратов.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ РЕГУЛЯТОРОВ РОСТА НА ТЫКВЕ ТВЕРДОКОРОЙ В РАССАДНЫЙ ПЕРИОД
Authors: Гончаров А.В. , Гаспарян И.Н.
Published: December 2024

В настоящее время для реализации биологического потенциала сельскохозяйственных растений все большее значение приобретают регуляторы роста. Они используются для повышения всхожести и энергии прорастания семян, улучшения работы и стимуляции корневой системы, стимулирования развития вегетативной массы м фотосинтетичнской активности, стимулированию естественного иммунитета растений, повышению устойчивости растений к стрессовым факторам различной природы и как следствие повышению урожайности и качеству продукции.
ВВЕДЕНИЕ В КУЛЬТУРУ IN VITRO HALOXYLON APHYLLUM И HALOXYLON PERSICUM
Authors: Моисеева Е.А. , Маталин Д.А. , Степанова А.Ю.
Published: December 2024

Саксаул (Haloxylon) – один из пустынных древесных кустарников, относится к семейству Амарантовых. Граница области распространения почти совпадает с границей пустынь и полупустынь Азии. Древесина саксаула является отличным топливоми по калорийности мало уступает углю. Два вида саксаула – черный (Haloxylon aphyllum) и белый (Haloxylon persicum) – представляют наибольший хозяйственный интерес.
ПОИСК СОРТОВ-ДОНОРОВ ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦИИ НА ХЛЕБОПЕКАРНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Урман М.В. , Мухордова М.Е.
Published: December 2024

Одна из важнейших отраслей сельского хозяйства в России – возделывание зерновых культур, преимущественно пшеницы. В Западно-Сибирском регионе посевные площади её составляют около 6 млн га и представлены в основном яровой мягкой пшеницей.