bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multidisplinary approach to tinnitus
Authors: Cobo Pedro
Published: January 2019

Tinnitus, the conscious perception of a sound in absence of any source outside or inside the body, arises when the sub-cortical or cortical auditory system tries to compensate a deficit of peripheral information, due to aberrant brain plasticity, by increasing the spontaneous rate of spikes, altering the excitatory/inhibitory balance in synapses, or modifying the tonotopic distribution of frequencies in the primary auditory cortex. It consists of a pathology of the sub-cortical and cortical parts of the auditory system triggered by a malfunctioning of the peripheral part. Therefore, a correct approach to tinnitus should involve specialists in the different parts of the auditory system. Given the multidisciplinary nature of tinnitus, the contribution of five articles authored by different specialists from the clinical and research fields are included in this special issue.
Online research on tinnitus and hyperacusis via our website
Authors: Roitman Darío
Published: January 2019

The internet is a formidable information tool. We have used in this paper the data obtained online from 12,350 tinnitus and hyperacusis patients who responded to the 16 questions asked as a prelude to a formal medical consultation.
The data thus obtained allow us to have a statistical notion of many aspects of these symptoms and their impact on the lives of a significant group of Spanish speaking patients.
La eclosión de la prensa satírica en España (1868-1874)
Authors: Laguna Platero Antonio , Martínez Gallego Francesc-Andreu
Published: January 2019

La naissance et la consolidation de la presse satirique dans la période révolutionnaire de 1868-1874 constituent le thème central de ce travail. Convertis en instrument de propagande par les libéraux depuis 1808, les journaux satiriques montrèrent bientôt leur capacité à influencer un peuple qui, s'il ne pouvait pas lire, pouvait au moins écouter leurs textes récités ou voir leurs dessins comiques. Grâce à ces périodiques, un mode de politisation intense et efficace a été développé qui a abouti à la situation révolutionnaire de 1868-1874 avec la prolifération des titres et l'émergence de deux cultures politiques: l’une, révolutionnaire démocratique; l’autre carliste contre-révolutionnaire.
La monarquía constitucional en la prensa hispalense
Authors: Lorite Luque José Enrique
Published: January 2019

Après la chute des Bourbons, la Constitution de 1869 établit que la forme de gouvernement sera celle de la monarchie constitutionnelle. Les échos de la liberté qui émergera après le départ d'Isabelle II permettront aux dirigeants de Séville de montrer ouvertement leurs préférences, tant pour ce qui concerne la forme que pour son incarnation en la personne d'Amédée de Savoie.
Hua Tuo's Wu Qin Xi (Five Animal Frolics) Movements and the Logic behind It
Authors: Balaneskovic Saša
Published: January 2019

The key proposition of this hypothesis is logic behind the order of movements of Hua Tuo's qigong Wu Qin Xi (Five animal frolics). To date, there were many discussions about connection of the movements of Wu Qin Xi with existing TCM theories and why Hua Tuo made it in that particular way. Some experts are saying that there is no connection but if all stories of Hua Tuo's abilities and knowledge were half-truth, he wouldn’t let even the order of movements of qigong that he created be just a random order. Hypothesis is exploring different views on Taiji movement direction, Wu Xing and connection between animals in Wu Qin Xi, Lo Shu square and Sun wheel and proposing possible solution to the question “Why Hua Tuo made such order of animals in Wu Qin Xi?” by analyzing and and cross referencing the common ground between theories and bridging the gap the we were left without any written explanation from the master itself. Further progress and confirmation of this hypothesis requires deeper research and cooperation between Qigong expert historians.
See-Saw Relationship and its Reversal after Immunotherapy in a Case of Graves’ Disease with Coexisting Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Mallikarjuna Sathish Kumar , Velayutham S. Sakthi , Sowmini P. R. , Jeyaraj Malcolm K. , Arunan S.
Published: January 2019

The unique association of myasthenia gravis (MG) with Graves' disease in clinical practice emphasizes that one autoimmune disease can coexist with another or many. The relationship between these two entities has remained controversial till date. Some authors have reported a see-saw relationship between these two entities, MG waning with hyperthyroidism and waxing with treatment of hyperthyroidism. Treatment of both these disorders concurrently may be challenging at times as treatment for one entity may worsen the other. The use of beta-blockers and steroids for Graves' disease may worsen myasthenic weakness. Antithyroid drugs can worsen myasthenia probably by immunomodulatory effects. We report a case of Graves' disease coexisting with MG in a reciprocal relationship which was subsequently reversed after immunotherapy.
Is Crush Cytology of Central Nervous System Lesions Relevant in Surgical Practice Today?
Authors: Yadav Krishan Kumar , Bhatti Rashmi , Moorchung Nikhil , Mutreja Deepti , Carvalho Ajay S.
Published: January 2019

Background: Intraoperative crush cytology is a useful tool for diagnosing the lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). However, because of the development of newer and better imaging techniques, it is important to evaluate if crush cytology is still relevant in neurosurgical practice. Aims: We evaluated the crush cytology smears in a series of cases where neurosurgical intervention was performed. We studied the role of crush cytology in the intraoperative diagnosis. We report a series of cases where intraoperative crush cytology helped the surgeon revise the surgery during the operation. Materials and Methods: A small portion of all CNS lesions was taken intraoperatively and the tissue was crushed between two slides. The slide was stained using the toluidine blue, Leishman stain, Pap stain and a routine H & E stain. The slides were the evaluated. Results: We evaluated the 50 cases of CNS lesions. We found that intraoperative crush cytology is particularly important in differentiating between neoplastic and nonneoplastic CNS lesions. It may also help in differentiating lymphomas from high-grade gliomas. Finally, crush cytology may help the surgeon in delineating the lesions during surgery. Conclusion: We conclude that crush cytology remains relevant in neurosurgical practice today and it should be adopted in all neurosurgical centers as a routine diagnostic technique.
Política dos rostos: nostalgia da vida e crítica do presente em Pier Paolo Pasolini e Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Honesko Vinícius Nicastro
Published: January 2019

O presente ensaio apresenta algumas conexões possíveis de ser pensadas entre o pensamento de Pier Paolo Pasolini e a filosofia de Giorgio Agamben. A partir do problema do modo como o diretor Pasolini pensa e expõe o rosto em seus filmes, pretende mostrar que essa preocupação tem a ver com uma dimensão ética e política. Na sequência, pretende exibir como tal dimensão pode ser encontrada também nas reflexões de Agamben. Para tanto, investiga certa influência de Pasolini na maneira como Agamben também pensa a questão do rosto. Estabelece meios de pensar a pertinência da aproximação, com as devidas nuanças, da ideia de nostalgia, em Pasolini, à de arqueologia, em Agamben. Por fim, pretende mostrar como ambos tomam a implicação do vivente humano na linguagem como uma condenação que, no entanto, pode ser a abertura a uma desesperança como linha de fuga à tragédia.
Salão de poses: notas para uma teoria da moda em Machado de Assis
Authors: Da Rosa Victor Luiz
Published: January 2019

Este artigo procura abordar algumas das maneiras pelas quais a ficção de Machado de Assis tratou a questão da moda. Seja por meio do estudo dos costumes e dos trajes, sobretudo das alterações de suas formas, e seja ainda por uma relação específica que seus relatos estabelecem com o tempo, o escritor não apenas esteve atento ao problema da moda, como também fez dele motivo de várias das suas criações. O artigo desenvolve tal abordagem a partir de três perspectivas críticas: a de uma tradição que discutiu o problema das mercadorias no século XIX, sobretudo com Balzac e Walter Benjamin; por meio de um diálogo com uma espécie de “metafísica da aparência” mais contemporânea, que surge aqui por meio dos trabalhos de Boris Groys e Emanuele Coccia; e finalmente em diálogo com alguma crítica machadiana – de Roberto Schwarz e José Miguel Wisnik aos mais recentes Idelber Avelar e Ana Luiza Andrade.
Depressão Pós-parto para além do Diagnóstico: Representações Sociais e Subjetividade
Authors: Cesario Rafaella Pinheiro , Goulart Daniel Magalhães
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar reflexões teóricas acerca dos processos subjetivos de uma mulher diagnosticada com depressão pós-parto. Ele se insere em uma busca por romper com a visão reducionista da depressão pós-parto, calcada no modelo biomédico, que a reduz a seus aspectos biológicos-sintomatológicos, resgatando as dimensões sociais, histórico-políticas e singulares, frequentemente preteridas, presentes em sua construção. Para isto, utilizou-se da teoria da subjetividade de González Rey, em uma perspectiva histórico-cultural, em um diálogo com a teoria das representações sociais e autores críticos ao modelo biomédico, como Foucault e Illich. O controle por normas exercido na biopolítica, assim como o controle pelo diagnóstico resultante da medicalização da vida, configuram-se enquanto elementos importantes para refletir acerca da produção subjetiva da depressão pós-parto. Foi feito um estudo de caso, a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa de base construtivo-interpretativa. No processo de construção de informação, discutimos que a depressão pós-parto expressa a disparidade entre a maternidade idealizada socialmente e aquela subjetivamente produzida de forma singular. Assim, a depressão pós-parto é uma produção subjetiva complexa que, para além de apenas aspectos biológicos e hormonais, é configurada pela subjetividade individual da puérpera em questão, e pela subjetividade social marcada pelo discurso médico e a medicalização da vida, que padronizam as experiências socialmente aceitáveis de maternidade e patologizam as demais, gerando frequentes quadros de frustração e culpa. Ademais, argumentamos que os modelos de assistência atualmente prestados, que partem de protocolos rígidos e que têm a norma como referência, não oportunizam uma reflexão crítica que viabilize o desenvolvimento de recursos subjetivos frente a essa experiência.  Desse modo, defende-se a necessidade de espaços que acolham as experiências das puérperas de maneira a oportunizar a reflexão crítica acerca dos aspectos envolvidos na construção subjetiva singular da depressão pós-parto; viabilizando, assim, o desenvolvimento de recursos subjetivos.
Anthropogenic fine particulate matter pollution will be exacerbated in eastern China due to 21st century GHG warming
Authors: Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun , Sun Jianqi , Xu Yangyang , Yin Zhicong
Published: January 2019

Abstract. China has experienced a substantial increase in severe haze
events over the past several decades, which is primarily attributed to the
increased pollutant emissions caused by its rapid economic development. The
climate changes observed under the warming scenarios, especially those
induced by increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs), are also conducive to the
increase in air pollution. However, how the air pollution changes in response
to the GHG warming has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. We investigate
this change using the century-long large ensemble simulations with the
Community Earth System Model 1 (CESM1) with the fixed anthropogenic emissions
at the year 2005. Our results show that although the aerosol emission is
assumed to be a constant throughout the experiment, anthropogenic air
pollution presents positive responses to the GHG-induced warming. The
anthropogenic PM2.5 concentration is estimated to increase averaged over
eastern China at the end of this century, but varying from regions, with an
increase over northwestern part of eastern China and a decrease over
southeastern part. Similar changes can be observed for the light air
pollution days. However, the severe air pollution days are reported to
increase across eastern China at the end of this century, particularly around
the Jing–Jin–Ji region. Further research indicates that the increased
stagnation days and the decreased light precipitation days are the possible
causes of the increase in PM2.5 concentration, as well as the
anthropogenic air pollution days. Estimation shows that the effect of climate
change induced by the GHG warming can account for 11 %–28 % of the
changes in anthropogenic air pollution days over eastern China. Therefore, in
the future, more stringent regulations on regional air pollution emissions
are needed to balance the effect from climate change.
Impact of peatlands on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Rajang River and Estuary, Malaysia
Authors: Müller-Dum Denise , Warneke Thorsten , Rixen Tim , Müller Moritz , Baum Antje , Christodoulou Aliki , Oakes Joanne , Eyre Bradley D. , Notholt Justus
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Tropical peat-draining rivers are known as potentially large sources of
carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere due to the high loads of
carbon they receive from surrounding soils. However, not many seasonally
resolved data are available, limiting our understanding of these systems. We
report the first measurements of carbon dioxide partial pressure
(pCO2) in the Rajang River and Estuary, the longest river in
Malaysia. The Rajang River catchment is characterized by extensive peat
deposits found in the delta region, and by human impact such as logging, land
use and river damming. pCO2 averaged 2540±189 µatm during the wet season and 2350±301 µatm
during the dry season. Using three different parameterizations for the gas
transfer velocity, calculated CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere were 1.5
(0.5–2.0) g C m−2 d−1 (mean, minimum – maximum) during the
wet season and 1.7 (0.6–2.6) g C m−2 d−1 during the dry
season. This is at the low end of reported values for Southeast Asian
peat-draining rivers, but similar to values reported for Southeast Asian
rivers that do not flow through peat deposits. In the Rajang River, peatlands
probably do not contribute much to the CO2 flux due to the proximity
of the peatlands to the coast, which limits the opportunity for degradation
of organic C during transport. Thus, we suggest that peat coverage is, by
itself, insufficient as the sole predictor of CO2 emissions from
peat-draining rivers, and that other factors, like the spatial distribution
of peat in the catchment and pH, also need to be considered.
Low-level jets over the North Sea based on ERA5 and observations:
together they do better
Authors: Kalverla Peter C. , Duncan Jr. James B. , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Holtslag Albert A. M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Ten years of ERA5 reanalysis data are combined with met-mast and LiDAR observations from ten offshore platforms to investigate low-level jet characteristics over the Dutch North Sea. The objective of this study is to combine the best of two worlds: (1) ERA5 data with large spatiotemporal extent but inherent accuracy limitations due to a relatively coarse grid and an incomplete representation of physical processes, and (2) observations that provide more reliable estimates of the measured quantity, but are limited in both space and time. We demonstrate the effect of time and range limitations on the reconstructed wind climate, with special attention paid to the impact on low-level jets. For both measurement and model data, the representation of wind speed is biased. The limited temporal extent of observations leads to a wind speed bias on the order of 1 m s−1. In part due to data-assimilation strategies that cause abrupt discontinuities in the diurnal cycle, ERA5 also exhibits a wind speed bias of approximately 0.5 m s−1. Representation of low-level jets in ERA5 is poor in terms of a one-to-one correspondence, and the jets appear vertically displaced (`smeared out'). However, climatological characteristics such as the shape of the seasonal cycle and the affinity with certain circulation patterns are represented quite well, albeit with different magnitudes. We therefore experiment with various methods to adjust modelled low-level jet rate to the observations or, vice versa, to correct for the erratic nature of the short observation periods using long-term ERA5 information. While quantitative uncertainty is still quite large, the presented results provide valuable insight into North Sea low-level jet characteristics. These jets occur predominantly for circulation types with an easterly component, with a clear peak in spring, and concentrate along the coasts at heights between 50–200 m. Further, it is demonstrated that these characteristics can be used as predictors to infer the observed low-level jet rate from ERA5 data with reasonable accuracy.
Reinventing Bioethics in a Post-humanist and Post-truth Society. The Present and Future of Bioethics
Authors: Pichardo Luz María
Published: January 2019

La bioética atraviesa un momento difícil en medio de una sociedad que parece huir muy rápidamente de los verdaderos valores éticos y humanísticos. El posthumanismo presenta un nuevo modelo del ser humano, uno que prescinde de los principios y conceptos que han sido empleados hasta ahora por la humanidad. El discurso en bioética presenta este modelo sin ninguna relación con la antropología que se ha utilizado durante siglos y lo hace de una manera que carece totalmente de referencias éticas. Estas disimilitudes reflejan una perspectiva académica mal representada que pertenece a una era posterior a la verdad. Los conceptos como la dignidad, la naturaleza humana, la calidad de vida, el respeto por la vida y la vulnerabilidad no se comprenden bien. Cuando se trata de la toma de decisiones sobre los llamados dilemas bioéticos, presenta una nueva versión biotecnológica del hombre que prevalece sobre la salud real y las preocupaciones biológicas que deben resolverse.
Autonomismo y humanización de la asistencia sanitaria ¿una pareja de hecho?
Authors: García del Pozo Julián Solís
Published: January 2019

En los últimos tiempos se ha desarrollado una gran sensibilización por la humanización de la asistencia sanitaria. Esta humanización afecta las relaciones del personal sanitario con el paciente, así como las estructuras físicas de los centros sanitarios y la organización de la atención. Algunos autores han vinculado esta humanización de la medicina con la llamada bioética de los principios, y, en concreto, con la autonomía como principio bioético dominante. En este breve artículo se expresa la preocupación por el desarrollo de una probable exaltación de este principio (lo que se ha llamado autonomismo) vinculado a este movimiento de humanización de la asistencia.
El sufrimiento existencial en el paciente oncológico en estadio avanzado: dimensiones y ejes vertebradores para la intervención psicológica
Authors: García-Alandete Joaquín , Hernández Jiménez María Jesús
Published: January 2019

El alivio del sufrimiento existencial en los pacientes oncológicos en estadio avanzado es un objetivo terapéutico de primer orden. En el presente trabajo se sugieren una serie de ejes sobre los cuales podría pivotar la intervención psicoterapéutica, con el fin de propiciar: 1) la experiencia de que a pesar del “ya” de la situación límite, la vida “todavía” tiene sentido; 2) experiencias emocionales positivas que promuevan el bienestar y la calidad de vida; 3) el afrontamiento de la experiencia de enfermedad grave y de muerte esperada más o menos inminente, mediante el desarrollo de una actitud serena, reconciliada con la vida e integradora con uno mismo y con los demás, a la par que abierta a la trascendencia.
Effects of Population Growth on Urban Extent and Supply of Water and Sanitation: Case of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya
Authors: Muoria Elizabeth W. , Moturi Wilkister N. , Eshiamwata George W.
Published: January 2019

Urbanization causes changes in social and environmental conditions with most of these changes impacting on the efficient provision of essential services such as water and sanitation. Nakuru Municipality was observed to be the fastest growing urban area in East and Central Africa. Research on patterns and trends of urban and population increase and their implication on water service provision and sanitation in urban Nakuru is very scanty. This paper presents findings from an assessment of the effects of population growth between 1999 and 2017 on urban extent and supply of water and sewage reticulation in Nakuru municipality and surrounding peri-urban areas. Data was collected through remote sensing and administration of questionnaires to urban Nakuru residents and key informants from NAWASSCO respectively to elicit information on the water supply network and sewerage reticulation in Nakuru municipality for the period 1989-2014. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze the data on time series. The results indicate that the population of Nakuru municipality and surrounding peri-urban areas has increased by 56.8% whereas that of built-up area has increased by 182.5% in the same period through densification of the urban core and expansion to the peri-urban areas characterized by urban sprawl. The water supply network and sewerage reticulation increased by 236km and 89km respectively within Nakuru municipality. The analysis of the maps shows that water supply network and sewerage reticulation are concentrated in the area around the urban core with very little spread. This means that the residents on the outskirts of Nakuru Municipality are not well served by the water supply network and sewerage reticulation. The study recommends involvement of all stakeholders in urban planning and in the water sector in order to increase water supply network and sewerage reticulation coverage both in the urban and peri-urban areas.
Employees’ Psychological Performance
Authors: Demirtas Ozgur , Suklun Harika
Published: January 2019

Although studies in Organizational Behavior has been increasing, a gap exists in the literature about individuals’ performance and its final influence on the organizational outcomes. There might be a number of factors with physical and psychological contents which would influence the employees’ behavior in organizations and low employee performance would decrease organization’s success. This study examines the literature on psychological performance and its influences upon work. Psychological performance is not well known in organizational behavior. Many studies supported that a lot of factors influence the individual’s performance which affects the organizational outcomes. Although the psychological performance of the employees has an important role in a working environment no significant research are found in the available literature. Thus, the importance of psychological performance for organizations is discussed in this paper.
DuPont Model: A Tool Promotes System Thinking and Integration in Undergraduate Business Education
Authors: Xu Shenghan , Rounds Mark
Published: January 2019

The increasingly complex world of commerce has forced business schools to focus on preparing students for a new environment that requires systemic thinking, the ability to work in teams and the skill and motivation needed to respond to rapid change. Unfortunately, little has changed in how we educate future business leaders. In this paper we report the preliminary results of an attempt to increase under graduate students’ levels of cross-functional and systemic thinking using the DuPont model to integrate across the traditional functional areas of information systems and operations management). The model provides a valuable framework for educators, and can be used to display how typical functional-area tasks (e.g., determining capital structure) are related to firm-level outcomes (e.g., return on equity), and how decision making in one functional area (e.g., managing inventory) has a similar impact on firm-level outcomes as decisions made in other functional areas (e.g., managing cash).
On the Inverse Trace Conversion and maximal informativeness analysis of Japanese internally-headed relative clauses: A reply to Erlewine and Gould 2016
Authors: Moulton Keir , Shimoyama Junko
Published: January 2019

In this response to Erlewine & Gould (2016), we argue that an account of internally-headed relative clauses using Inverse Trace Conversion and the maximal informativeness semantics for definites of von Fintel et al. (2014) does not derive the observed interpretations when the internal head is quantified by certain downward entailing quantifiers and derives no interpretation at all for non-monotonic and some upward entailing quantifiers. We then argue that the cases that Erlewine & Gould (2016) claim to be a newly identified interpretation of internally-headed relatives are actually headless relatives.
Assessing the Performance of Japanese Major Universities through the Research Funding System
Authors: Yamashita Yasunori , Giang Hoang Ngan , Oyama Tatsuo
Published: January 2019

This article reports on the performance of the research funding system of 61 Japanese national universities, specifically the Japanese Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (GASR) system. The competitive Japanese research funding system is quantitatively investigated and measured, focusing on the GASR fund and its relationship with the Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plans by applying mathematical modeling techniques. The paper proposes future policy recommendations to improve what aspect of the Japanese competitive research funding system.
Fotojornalismo: o real e o verosímil
Authors: Cardoso Fátima Lopes
Published: January 2019

Este artigo nasce da investigação “A Fotografia Documental na Imprensa Nacional: o Real e o Verosímil”, um estudo desenvolvido em 2014, na Universidade Nova de Lisboa-FCSH (Faculdade de Ciência Sociais e Humanas), que pretendeu perceber a essência da fotografia de imprensa portuguesa através das representações que os fotógrafos traçam da fotografia, do ato fotográfico e do jornalismo. Num universo português de pouco mais de 200 profissionais exclusivamente de informação generalista, com uma amostra de 90 entrevistas, concluiu-se que a fotografia de imprensa é a perspetiva do fotógrafo sobre o real e aproxima-se muito mais da verosimilhança do que do real.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections After Orthopaedic Surgery in the Ambulatory Surgical Center Setting
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Bansal Anchal , Rogalski Brandon L. , Rizzo Michael G. , Weiner Eric J. , Wolff Brett D. , Goldfarb Charles A.
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

This study was designed to determine the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) after orthopaedic surgery in an ambulatory surgery center (ASC) and to identify patient and surgical risk factors associated with SSI.

Methods:

Patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery at an ASC over a 6.5-year period were reviewed for evidence of SSI. Data on patient and surgical factors were collected, and stepwise multivariate logistic regression determined the risk factors for SSI.

Results:

The incidence of SSIs was 0.32%. Five independent factors were associated with SSI: anatomic area (odds ratio [OR] = 18.60, 11.24, 6.75, and 4.01 for the hip, foot/ankle, knee/leg, and hand/elbow versus shoulder, respectively), anesthesia type (OR = 4.49 combined general and regional anesthesia versus general anesthesia), age ≥70 (OR = 2.85), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.27), and tourniquet time (OR = 1.01 per minute tourniquet time).

Discussion:

The risk of infection after orthopaedic surgery in ASCs is low, but patient and surgical factors are independently associated with SSIs.
Openings and Closing in Emails by CLIL Students: A Pedagogical Proposal
Authors: Codina-Espurz Victòria , Salazar-Campillo Patricia
Published: January 2019

Email communication is pervasive in faculty interaction. As there exists status imbalance between students and professors in this type of context, emails are expected to cater for the uneven power relationships by means of using appropriate polite features. Previous research (e.g., Eslami, 2013; Salazar-Campillo & Codina-Espurz, in press) has pointed out the pragmatically deficient use of openings and closings in requestive emails sent by non-native students in educational contexts, revealing a lack of the expected deference and respect to the professor. In this paper, we firstly explore this topic further by looking at different groups of emails written by CLIL students to ascertain whether this variable affects students’ pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic ability when writing their emails. Secondly, a proposal for the teaching of openings and closings is suggested, which aims to help second and/or foreign language learners behave in a more target-like manner thus avoiding pragmatic failure.
Polymers as a Chance for the Active Rehabilitation of People with Disabilities
Authors: Kobus-Ostrowska Dorota
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this article is to show the importance of polymers in the rehabilitation of people with disabilities. The article takes into account medical, sociological and economic aspects of the issue under study. It turns out that both medical and occupational rehabilitation have a significant impact on the professional activity of a person with a disability. What is more, there is a close interdependence between the type of disability and the ability to perform specific activities. Persons with disabilities, due to the damage to the body, do not lose all abilities and retain the ability to perform many activities necessary in life, work, etc. Some of the abilities, after being identified and improved, can be the basis for starting rehabilitation, training, and then s professional work. In many cases, early and properly conducted rehabilitation is invaluable. However, it would not be possible without many devices which are made using polymers. They are used for the production of prostheses for limbs, joints, tendons, as well as teeth. They are also used during medical diagnosis, rehabilitation and prophylactic activities. The review of domestic and foreign literature confirms that the use of polymers in medicine significantly improves the quality of life of people with disabilities and enables them, through rehabilitation, to return to physical and professional activity. And although all polymers used to produce the above-mentioned elements must undergo a special modification in order to increase their overall strength and provide them with essential properties for utility purposes, undoubtedly modern medicine cannot do without polymers.
Simultaneous Determination of 19 Bioactive Constituents in QishenYiqi Dropping Pills by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xie Qingling , Yuan Hanwen , Liu Yongbei , Qiu Yixing , Jian Yuqing , Li Bin , Peng Caiyun , Zhou Shuiping , Yang Chu , Wang Wei
Published: January 2019

Background: QishenYiqi dripping pills (QSYQ), consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, Panax notoginseng, and Dalbergia odorifera, is a widely used to treat ischemic cerebrovascular and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular in China. Objective: In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-HPLC coupled with a triple quadrupole MS (UHPLC-QQQ-MS) method was established for the simultaneous quantification of 19 bioactive components. Methods: Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 Rapid Resolution High Definition (RRHD) column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) with a mobile phase composed of a 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile in a gradient elution manner. A QQQ-MS was used in positive and negative ionization mode with multiple reactions monitoring for quantitative analysis. Results: The established methods were validated with linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, recovery, and matrix effect. All calibration curves exhibited excellent linear relationship with the correlation coefficient (r) >0.9985 for each analyte within the test range. This method was successfully applied to quantify target compounds of different structural types in 12 batches of QSYQ. Conclusions: The results suggest that the established method is rapid, sensitive, and reliable. The developed UHPLC-QQQ-MS method can provide scientific basis and reference to quality control and consistency evaluation of QSYQ sample and other formulations. Highlights: A rapid, sensitive, and reliable UHPLC-QQQ-MS method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of 19 compounds including phenolic acids, saponins, isoflavonoids, and tanshinones in QSYQ for the first time.
“Placing” Futures and Making Sense of Globalization on the Edge of Appalachia
Authors: Kingsolver Ann E.
Published: January 2019

This chapter draws on comparative ethnographic research in Kentucky, Mexico, and Sri Lanka that is focused on how residents make sense of global capitalism and its inequities over the long term and in relation to place-based discussions of future livelihoods. “Placing” people and ideas—a practice common in the author’s rural Kentucky home community—is explored, bringing place to the fore in discussing the lived effects of global capitalist processes by those whose landscapes and livelihoods are organized around global commodities, such as tobacco, coal, and tea. Appalachia is understood in this chapter as intensely entangled with global capitalist circuits and histories, rather than as isolated from them, and examples are provided of how people are imagining sustainable futures in regions long marginalized economically and socially.
La reglamentación ceremonial y protocolar del poder judicial en España
Authors: Sánchez González Dolores del Mar
Published: January 2019

El poder judicial en España ha permanecido durante muchos años de espaldas a la sociedad. Ese distanciamiento ha pasado factura hasta el punto de abrir una enorme brecha entre la misma y la sociedad en la que se encuadra. Conscientes de que ello no es bueno, sus órganos de gobierno han procedido a utilizar las modernas técnicas de marketing para lograr ser conocidos por aquellos a los que van dirigidos.__________________________________The judicial power in Spain has remained for many years with its back to society. That estrangement has taken its toll to the point of opening a huge gap between it and the society in which it fits. Aware that this is not good, their governing bodies have proceeded to use modern marketing techniques to achieve to be known by those to whom they are directed.
La España posible de Julián Marías
Authors: Herrera Guillén Rafael
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo analiza la actualidad del libro de Julián Marías La España posible en tiempo de Carlos III. Consideramos que la perspectiva de Marías acerca del siglo XVIII español constituye un relato indirecto sobre su propio tiempo histórico. La tarea real para Marías era encontrar una España posible para el futuro. Pues bien, ese futuro es nuestro presente; y la tarea es la misma: hallar una España posible. Al igual que Marías, este trabajo afirma que el siglo XVIII español puede orientarnos en la tarea de construir nuestro presente político.
Antonio Machado: conocimiento y lógica
Authors: Gallud Jardiel Enrique
Published: January 2019

Este ensayo se centra principalmente en el aspecto epistemológico de la filosofía machadiana: sus opiniones sobre el conocimiento y la ignorancia, sus conclusiones sobre los mecanismos de la mente y sus consejos sobre el campo de la aplicación pedagógica del conocimiento, esto es: sobre el aprender y el enseñar. Los textos que sirven de base a este estudio son principalmente los libros Juan de Mairena. Sentencias, donaires, apuntes y recuerdos de un profesor apócrifo (1936) y Los complementarios, en los que el autor crea un profesor imaginario para exponer sus ideas sobre el tema. Estas dos fuentes se ven complementadas por diversos poemas de carácter filosófico en los que su pensamiento se sintetiza.
La voz de los profesionales de la educación social en España y Francia: la identidad autopercibida
Authors: Eslava-Suanes María-Dolores , González-López Ignacio , De-León-Huertas Carlota
Published: January 2019

Even though the specialized education model in France is a reference in the definition of the training model of the first social educators in Spain, both training processes are developed in differentiated ways. Social education in Spain develops and acquires recognition in the university academic environment, when it is legally recognized in 1991 after the establishment of the official university degree of Diploma in Social Education. However, the training of the specialized educator in France does not take place in the university sphere but in Schools and Institutes of Social Work and concludes with the Diploma of State of Specialized Educator. Both studies were adapted to the European Higher Education Area, allocating a credit load of 180 ECTS, however, the Specialized Educator does not hold the same professional category as the social educator in Spain. Thus, the objective of this work is to know social education as a profession from the perception of its professionals through a comparative study between France and Spain, focusing attention on the training process. For this purpose, a qualitative study was carried out using the structured interview as an information collection instrument. The results show that the social educator in Spain recognizes himself more empowered by defining himself as a professional; both groups identify with the functions and competencies in which they have been trained; they emphasize formative deficiencies and show similar difficulties in the exercise of the profession. The conclusions show that professional recognition goes beyond professional identity, implying recognition or social prestige, as well as the need to design a permanent training plan that channels the training deficiencies of both professionals.
Equidad estructural en los sistemas educativos europeos
Authors: Lozano Díaz Antonia , Fernández-Prados Juan Sebastián
Published: January 2019

The European Union has opted for a competitive and dynamic economy without losing social cohesion. Education is one of the pillars on which it is based to achieve this objective, but also a crucial element from which to ensure equity and social cohesion. The present study approaches, with a qualitative approach through documentary research, what equity measures are being developed from the educational systems of 32 European countries and what equity profiles can be established between countries. The analysis allows to show progress in the line intended, but also the use of practices and educational policies inconsistent and even contrary to equity and social and educational inclusion.
Impacts of Child Labour on School Attendance and Academic Performance of Senior Secondary School Students in Nigeria
Authors: Oni Adesoji
Published: January 2019

This study investigated the impacts of child labour on school attendance and academic performance of secondary school students in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. five hypotheses were tested. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. A total of 300 respondent were selected from six (6) senior secondary school students within Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State using simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used was a four point modified Rensis Likert Rating Scale Questionnaire type. Data analysis were done using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and mean to answer the research questions, while the hypotheses formulated were tested using Chi-square and independent t-test statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that there was a significant effect of students’ exposure to child labour on the school attendance, academic performance and study habit of senior secondary school students in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State. Also, there was a significant difference in academic performance of students exposed to child labour and those that are not in senior secondary school students in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State. But there was no significant difference in school attendance of students exposed to child labour and those that are not in senior secondary school students in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State. The study recommended that the federal government of Nigeria should work towards the eradication of poverty by providing employments to its citizens, which is the primary cause of child labour, the Government/Community should develop positive strategies to labour reduction towards a fruitful fulfillment of children’s school attendance and academic performance, such as: introducing more subsidies such as free meal tickets and reduced school bills and that the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programs should be fully implemented and monitored to take care of these children exposed work.
Em treze cantos: epopeia feminina em recinto monástico. O Memorial dos Milagres de Maria de Mesquita Pimentel.
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Rosa Maria
Published: January 2019

Es una reseña.
Diseño de una ruta pedagógica para la evaluación de competencias a través del portfolio electrónico en entornos distribuidos y heterogéneos de aprendizaje/Design of a pedagogical route for the evaluation of competencies through the electronic portfolio in distributed and heterogenous environments of learning
Authors: Quintana Marín Sofía , Montero Cádiz Manuel Medardo , Recio Vázquez Roberto , Páez Páez Jaime Alberto , Cortés Méndez Jairo Augusto
Published: January 2019

RESUMENEl presente artículo da cuenta de la ruta pedagógica para la evaluación de competencias a través de portfolios electrónicos en ambientes heterogéneos y distribuidos de aprendizaje dentro de la segunda fase de una investigación realizada por la Universidad de Valladolid y la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia con estudiantes y profesores en dos ciudades. Se emplea el método ADRION con un enfoque interdisciplinario que articulan los campos de la ingeniería y la educación. En la primera fase se diseñaron y ejecutaron situaciones de aprendizaje en ambientes heterogéneos y distribuidos con la plataforma ILDE para estudiantes universitarios en cuatro grupos de diferentes campos de conocimiento (Cortes, Paez, Quintana, Recio, & Montero, 2017). A partir de los resultados se identifican los elementos con las que se configura la propuesta que aquí se presenta, en la que se resalta la evaluación como punto de partida para la enseñanza, con miras al desarrollo de las competencias, transversalizada por la intersubjetividad, lo que favorece la consolidación de comunidades de práctica que al mismo tiempo aporta a la cualificación de los profesores y al mejoramiento de la calidad educativa.  ABSTRACTThis article shows the pedagogical route for the evaluation of competencies through electronic portfolios in heterogenous and distributed learning environments inside the second phase of the research completed with students and professors by the Universidad de Valladolid and the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia in two cities. The method implemented is ADRION and it is used with interdisciplinary focus whereas the field of engineering and the field of education are articulated together. In the first phase, situations of learning were designed and accomplished in heterogenous and distributed environments with the ILDE platform into four groups of different fields of knowledge (Cortés, Páez, Quintana, Recio, & Montero, 2017). in the university students. The given results provide the elements from which the proposal is designed and it is presented here. The evaluation highlighted from this proposal offers a starting point for teaching that looks for the develop of competencies, mainstreamed by the intersubjectivity which in favors the consolidation of practicum communities where they provide the qualification pf teachers and the improvement of the quality of education.
Whose interest is educational technology serving? Who is included and who is excluded?
Authors: Kühn Hildebrandt Caroline
Published: January 2019

Este artículo da cuenta de lo que está ocurriendo hoy en día en la intersección de la educación y la tecnología. Tiene como objetivo ofrecer una visión general que comienza no en el presente sino en el pasado para que seamos conscientes de cómo con frecuencia estamos atrapados en la retórica política y en los discursos capitalistas. En los titulares de los periódicos se lee desde 1963: "Escuelas abarrotadas. Maestros desbordados de trabajo. En la confusión de la educación de hoy, ¿puede su hijo obtener la enseñanza personalizada que todo niño, estándar o avanzado, necesita?" y, para ese problema, la solución propuesta fue tecnológica, por lo que poco ha cambiado en relación con las escuelas abarrotadas y los profesores desbordados. Escudriño a continuación el presente a través de la invasión de las plataformas y el discurso de acompañamiento de Silicon Valley sobre soluciones universales a la educación, concluyendo que la situación no parece muy diferente a la de principios del siglo XX. El futuro está ilustrado con mis propias investigaciones que dan cuenta de mi enfoque sociológico a la investigación educativa en este campo. Se describen brevemente el realismo crítico y la teoría social realista y se proponen como marco teórico para pensar sobre estos temas de una manera menos determinista, dando su debida importancia a lo local. Ofrece un enfoque teórico de una metodología que contempla cómo capturar los enredos diarios de los estudiantes con herramientas digitales abiertas y participativas en el contexto de sus estudios buscando desvelar las estructuras invisibles y, por tanto, ocultas que funcionan como restricciones para la agencia de los estudiantes en su práctica digital.
Relevance of Modified Debridement-Irrigation, Antibiotic Therapy and Implant
Retention Protocol for the Management of Surgical Site Infections: A Series of 1694
Instrumented Spinal Surgery
Authors: Manet Romain , Ferry Tristan , Castelain Jean-Etienne , Bracho Gilda Pardey , Freitas-Olim Eurico , Grando Jacqueline , Barrey Cédric
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Introduction: Management of surgical site infections (SSI) after
instrumented spinal surgery remains controversial. The debridement-irrigation, antibiotic
therapy and implant retention protocol (DAIR protocol) is safe and effective to treat deep
SSI occurring within the 3 months after instrumented spinal surgery.Methods: This retrospective study describes the outcomes of patients treated
over a period of 42 months for deep SSI after instrumented spinal surgery according to a
modified DAIR protocol.Results: Among 1694 instrumented surgical procedures, deep SSI occurred in
46 patients (2.7%): 41 patients (89%) experienced early SSI (< 1 month), 3 (7%)
delayed SSI (from 1 to 3 months), and 2 (4%) late SSI (> 3months). A total of 37
patients had a minimum 1 year of follow-up; among these the modified DAIR protocol was
effective in 28 patients (76%) and failed (need for new surgery for persistent signs of
SSI beyond 7 days) in 9 patients (24%). Early second-look surgery (≤ 7days) for
iterative debridement was performed in 3 patients, who were included in the cured group.
Among the 9 patients in whom the modified DAIR protocol failed, none had early second-look
surgery; 3 (33%) recovered and were cured at 1 year follow-up, and 6 (66%) relapsed.
Overall, among patients with SSI and a minimum 1 year follow-up, the modified DAIR
protocol led to healing in 31/37 (84%) patients.Conclusions: The present study supports the effectiveness of a modified DAIR
protocol in deep SSI occurring within the 3 months after instrumented spinal surgery. An
early second-look surgery for iterative debridement could increase the success rate of
this treatment.