bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic analyses of the MIR172 family members of Arabidopsis define their distinct roles in regulation of APETALA2 during floral transition
Authors: Ó’Maoiléidigh Diarmuid S. , van Driel Annabel D. , Singh Anamika , Sang Qing , Le Bec Nolwenn , Vincent Coral , de Olalla Enric Bertran Garcia , Vayssières Alice , Romera Branchat Maida , Severing Edouard , Martinez Gallegos Rafael , Coupland George
Published: February 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating flowering and reproduction of angiosperms. Mature miRNAs are encoded by multipleMIRNAgenes that can differ in their spatiotemporal activities and their contributions to gene regulatory networks, but the functions of individualMIRNAgenes are poorly defined. We functionally analyzed the activity of all 5Arabidopsis thaliana MIR172genes, which encode miR172 and promote the floral transition by inhibiting the accumulation of APETALA2 (AP2) and APETALA2-LIKE (AP2-LIKE) transcription factors (TFs). Through genome editing and detailed confocal microscopy, we show that the activity of miR172 at the shoot apex is encoded by 3MIR172genes, is critical for floral transition of the shoot meristem under noninductive photoperiods, and reduces accumulation of AP2 and TARGET OF EAT2 (TOE2), an AP2-LIKE TF, at the shoot meristem. Utilizing the genetic resources generated here, we show that the promotion of flowering by miR172 is enhanced by the MADS-domain TF FRUITFULL, which may facilitate long-term silencing ofAP2-LIKEtranscription, and that their activities are partially coordinated by the TF SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING-LIKE PROTEIN 15. Thus, we present a genetic framework for the depletion of AP2 and AP2-LIKE TFs at the shoot apex during floral transition and demonstrate that this plays a central role in floral induction.
High-level expression of the monomeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein RBD 320-537 in stably transfected CHO cells by the EEF1A1-based plasmid vector
Authors: Sinegubova Maria V. , Orlova Nadezhda A. , Kovnir Sergey V. , Dayanova Lutsia K. , Vorobiev Ivan I.
Published: February 2021

The spike (S) protein is one of the three proteins forming the coronaviruses’ viral envelope. The S protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a spatial structure similar to the S proteins of other mammalian coronaviruses, except for a unique receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is a significant inducer of host immune response. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD is widely used as a highly specific minimal antigen for serological tests. Correct exposure of antigenic determinants has a significant impact on the accuracy of such tests–the antigen has to be correctly folded, contain no potentially antigenic non-vertebrate glycans, and, preferably, should have a glycosylation pattern similar to the native S protein. Based on the previously developed p1.1 vector, containing the regulatory sequences of the Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EEF1A1) from Chinese hamster, we created two expression constructs encoding SARS-CoV-2 RBD with C-terminal c-myc and polyhistidine tags. RBDv1 contained a native viral signal peptide, RBDv2 –human tPA signal peptide. We transfected a CHO DG44 cell line, selected stably transfected cells, and performed a few rounds of methotrexate-driven amplification of the genetic cassette in the genome. For the RBDv2 variant, a high-yield clonal producer cell line was obtained. We developed a simple purification scheme that consistently yielded up to 30 mg of RBD protein per liter of the simple shake flask cell culture. Purified proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in reducing and non-reducing conditions and gel filtration; for RBDv2 protein, the monomeric form content exceeded 90% for several series. Deglycosylation with PNGase F and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of N-glycosylation. The antigen produced by the described technique is suitable for serological tests and subunit vaccine studies.
Psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in the Guinean population. An online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Touré Almamy Amara , Camara Lansana Mady , Magassouba Aboubacar Sidiki , Doumbouya Abdoulaye , Camara Gnoume , Camara Alsény Yarie , Loua Gaspard , Cissé Diao , Sylla Mohamed , Bereté Alpha Oumar , Beavogui Abdoul Habib
Published: February 2021

Guinea, like many other African countries, has been facing an unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak, since March 2020. In April 2020, Guinean National agency for health security recorded 1351 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 313 recoveries and 07 deaths. To address this health crisis, some drastic measures were implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Those measures might potentially cause some psychological problems among Guineans. Thus, we conducted this study to assess the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in the Guinean population. We carried out an online cross-sectional survey among internet users in Guinea. A free e-survey platform was used, and questionnaires were sent to internet users. The study ran from May 1 through May 10 2020. Participation in the study was voluntary. Data collection was based on sociodemographic information and self-reported questionnaires: Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) for stress evaluation, Penn state worry questionnaire (PSWQ), and an adapted Social Psychological Measurements of COVID-19. A total of 280 participants took part in the study; responses from 5 participants were deleted because of incompleteness. The average age of participants was 28.9 [95% CI: 28.1;29.6]. Most of participants were male 65.5% [95% CI: 59.5%;71.1%]. Unemployed participants stood for 48.7% [95% CI: 42.7%;54.8%]. IES-R scale for stress evaluation yielded the following findings: 19.6% (mild), 5.23% (moderate) and 9.15% (severe); 82.8% and 17.2% of participants had respectively reported low and moderate worry. No significant statistical association was found between sociodemographic variables and traumatic events (IES-R and PSWQ). However, 82% of our participants had to cope with the negative impacts of COVID-19. Although there were few cases of traumatic events, negative impacts of COVID-19 on study participants deserve to be underlined. So, further investigations are necessary to identify and disentangle specific psychosocial problems in different Guinean socio-cultural contexts.
Antibiofilm and antipersister activity of acetic acid against extensively drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAW1
Authors: Tawre Madhumita S. , Kamble Ekta E. , Kumkar Shital N. , Mulani Mansura S. , Pardesi Karishma R.
Published: February 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosais an ESKAPE pathogen associated with difficult-to-treat burn wound and surgical-site infections. This study aimed to characterise an extensively drug resistant (XDR)P.aeruginosaisolate (designated PAW1) and to investigate the antibiofilm and antipersister effect of acetic acid on PAW1. PAW1 was identified using biotypic (VITEK) and genotypic (16S rDNA) analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc susceptibility testing showed high level resistance against all antibiotics from classes including beta lactams, cephems, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. It was therefore identified as extensively drug resistant (XDR), showing resistance to all antibiotics except for, aminoglycoside (gentamicin and netilmicin) and lipopeptides (polymyxin B). Time kill assays showed antibiotic tolerant, persister cell formation in presence of 100X MICs of gentamicin and polymyxin B. Other virulence traits such as ability to produce lipase, protease, haemolysin, and siderophores and to form biofilms were additional factors which may contribute to its pathogenicity. PAW1 showed promising susceptibility against acetic acid with MIC and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of 0.156% (v/v). Percent viability of PAW1 was dependent on dose and treatment time of acetic acid. 0.625% acetic acid treatment of 5 minutes was effective in killing >90% planktonic cells showing lesser toxicity to L929 cells (IC50= 0.625%). Biofilm disruption caused due to acetic acid was also dose dependent, showing 40.57% disruption after treatment with 0.625% acetic acid for 5 minutes. FESEM imaging and live dead staining of planktonic and biofilm forms of PAW1 confirmed that acetic acid treatment caused 19.04% of cell shrinkage and disruption of extracellular matrix resulting in killing of cells. Antipersister activity of acetic acid was demonstrated by showing complete killing of PAW1 at 4X MIC. Overall, this study characterised an XDR isolateP.aeruginosashowing resistance and tolerance to various antibiotics. Antipersister and antibiofilm effect of acetic acid demonstrates the importance of forgotten topical agents as an effective strategy to treat XDR pathogens.
General medical publications during COVID-19 show increased dissemination despite lower validation
Authors: Gai Nan , Aoyama Kazuyoshi , Faraoni David , Goldenberg Neil M. , Levin David N. , Maynes Jason T. , McVey Mark J. , Munshey Farrukh , Siddiqui Asad , Switzer Timothy , Steinberg Benjamin E.
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has yielded an unprecedented quantity of new publications, contributing to an overwhelming quantity of information and leading to the rapid dissemination of less stringently validated information. Yet, a formal analysis of how the medical literature has changed during the pandemic is lacking. In this analysis, we aimed to quantify how scientific publications changed at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional bibliometric study of published studies in four high-impact medical journals to identify differences in the characteristics of COVID-19 related publications compared to non-pandemic studies. Original investigations related to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 published in March and April 2020 were identified and compared to non-COVID-19 research publications over the same two-month period in 2019 and 2020. Extracted data included publication characteristics, study characteristics, author characteristics, and impact metrics. Our primary measure was principal component analysis (PCA) of publication characteristics and impact metrics across groups.

Results

We identified 402 publications that met inclusion criteria: 76 were related to COVID-19; 154 and 172 were non-COVID publications over the same period in 2020 and 2019, respectively. PCA utilizing the collected bibliometric data revealed segregation of the COVID-19 literature subset from both groups of non-COVID literature (2019 and 2020). COVID-19 publications were more likely to describe prospective observational (31.6%) or case series (41.8%) studies without industry funding as compared with non-COVID articles, which were represented primarily by randomized controlled trials (32.5% and 36.6% in the non-COVID literature from 2020 and 2019, respectively).

Conclusions

In this cross-sectional study of publications in four general medical journals, COVID-related articles were significantly different from non-COVID articles based on article characteristics and impact metrics. COVID-related studies were generally shorter articles reporting observational studies with less literature cited and fewer study sites, suggestive of more limited scientific support. They nevertheless had much higher dissemination.
Historical materiality of performance: On the costumes of The Rite of Spring (1913)
Authors: Järvinen Hanna
Published: February 2021

By focusing on surviving costumes of the 1913 production of The Rite of Spring, this article asks how a close examination of costumes and their role in historical performance practice can change our understanding of a canonical work of art. It argues for methodological pluralism in examining material remains together with manuscript annotations, images and reviews of the production rarely considered in previous research and, consequentially, for a critical examination of all previous claims, including the so-called reconstruction (1987) of The Rite of Spring. Compared with designs and costumes of other productions by the Ballets Russes company, those of the 1913 production explain much of the contradictory ways in which the work figured in discourses relating to art and modernism in France and Russia at the time. Most importantly, the costumes exemplify a particular tradition of making theatre that has been obscured by the prevailing Orientalist view of the Ballets Russes company that is hegemonic in what is claimed to be ‘known’ about The Rite of Spring and its reception.
Tawny fronts: Colonial whiteness, Orientalism and representations of Cleopatra on the Australian stage
Authors: Osmond Suzanne
Published: February 2021

This article traces how notions of colonial identity have played out in theatrical representations of Cleopatra on the Australian stage in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries – focusing on culturally produced costumed bodies as a site on to which ideas of colonial whiteness, Orientalism and modernity are projected. These representations of the ‘exotic’ Other also absorb popularly accepted ideas of femininity and female power in the circulation of familiar visual tropes. In the temporal space of the twentieth century, Anglo-Australian’s dominant theatrical references shifted from those associated with its European colonial subject’s cultural origins to those of a more globalized and culturally diverse nation still struggling to decolonize its cultural edifices. Close examination of the costumed bodies of Sarah Bernhardt and Lily Brayton as two touchstone versions of Cleopatra on the Australian stage at the dawn of the modern period, reveals the nascent creation of an aesthetic and stylistic cultural vernacular that would slowly develop throughout the twentieth century in the circulation of meaning between costume, bodies and audiences. For the contemporary practitioner, this provides some insight into the historical context of stereotypical costume tropes in which Orientalist ideals are circulated, as well as drawing attention to a particular political and ideological aspect of the complex relationship between the performing body and performance costume.
Costume at the National Theatre, with introductions by Dr Aoife Monks, Foreword by Rufus Norris (2019)
Authors: Lennox Patricia
Published: February 2021

Review of: Costume at the National Theatre, with introductions by Dr Aoife Monks, Foreword by Rufus Norris (2019)

London: National Theatre in association with Oberon Books Ltd, 207 pp., ISBN 978-1-78682-975-7, p/bk, £25/$29.95
The Costume Supervisor’s Toolkit: Supervising Theatre Costume Production from First Meeting to Final Performance, Rebecca Pride (2019)
Authors: Heskett Corinne
Published: February 2021

Review of: The Costume Supervisor’s Toolkit: Supervising Theatre Costume Production from First Meeting to Final Performance, Rebecca Pride (2019)

New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 170 pp., ISBN 978-1-13818-260-8, p/bk, £34.99
Populismo e desinformação em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Ferreira Gil Baptista
Published: February 2021

Partindo da centralidade que os media ocupam no quadro da pandemia da COVID-19, este artigo avalia a associação entre atitudes políticas de populismo e as escolhas dos media feitas pelos indivíduos para se informarem sobre o o novo coronavírus. De um modo mais específico, questiona se indivíduos com atitudes populistas procuram a informação em meios e espaços distintos dos escolhidos pelos restantes indivíduos. Num cenário designado de infodemia, estará a aceitação de desinformação associada à escolha das fontes? Parte de uma revisão da literatura e de um desenho concetual organizado em três momentos: analisa o conceito de populismo e os elementos que o definem; relaciona populismo com os media e com as plataformas de redes sociais; conclui associando estas plataformas a novas ameaças, resultantes da qualidade da informação. A partir de um questionário aplicado a 244 indivíduos no início do estado de emergência motivado pela pandemia COVID-19, o artigo sugere uma associação positiva e significativa entre atitudes populistas, informação nas redes sociais e aceitação de desinformação.
Populismo e desinformação no contexto da Covid-19
Authors: Luiz Thiago Cury
Published: February 2021

Este ensaio tem o objetivo de discutir os conceitos de populismo e desinformação, em uma tentativa de compreender os seus desdobramentos no campo político. Com base na postura do presidente do Brasil, Jair Bolsonaro, no enfrentamento à pandemia de Covid-19, o nosso intento é apontar, como hipótese e por meio de entrevistas, pronunciamentos e postagens em rede social, alguns paralelos entre populismo, desinformação e manifestações do mandatário brasileiro, durante os meses de março, abril e maio de 2020, período em que a crise de saúde pública avançou no território nacional. Os casos aqui apresentados resultaram de pesquisa exploratória, podendo ser aprofundados em investigações futuras.
O Património Defensivo De Goa 1510-1660
Authors: Lopes Nuno
Published: February 2021

Identificada a importância de Goa no contexto político-militar do subcontinente indiano, assim como a necessidade de dotar o recém-criado Estado da Índia de uma praça com um hinterland significativo, Afonso de Albuquerque decidiu-se, em 1510, pela sua conquista. Vinte anos depois, Goa seria elevada a capital, consolidando-se uma estratégia de ocupação territorial com base num sistema defensivo em crescimento concêntrico e gradual. Goa transformar-se-ia na principal peça de afirmação da Coroa portuguesa no Índico no século XVI. É proposta a leitura deste antigo sistema defensivo, hoje a memória da construção de um território, de uma comunidade com a sua identidade, correspondendo a um conjunto integrado de bens com valor patrimonial. A sua legibilidade é, por isso, determinante para a identificação da especificidade de Goa no contexto da Ásia do sul, com o desenho a assumir-se como discurso e ferramenta elementar de investigação.
COVID-19. Clinical Guidelines Dentistry | Orthodontics Extension
Authors: Guerra Fernando , Mata António Duarte , Vinagre Alexandra , Costa Ana Luísa , Vieira Andreia Luís , Falcão Carlos , Chaves Catarina , Herrera David , Baptista Isabel Poiares , Toro Ivan , Braga João , Ramos João Carlos , Santos João Miguel , Silveira João Miguel , Tondela João Paulo , Palma Paulo , Nicolau Pedro , Gomes Pedro Sousa , Dias Ricardo , Rocha Salomão , Matos Sérgio
Published: February 2021

Em Dezembro de 2019, o mundo assistiu à emergência de uma zoonose provocada por um novo tipo de Corona vírus o SARS CoV 2. Esta infeção rapidamente evoluiu para uma disseminação pandémica com consequências pesadas em todos os planos civilizacionais. O SARS CoV 2 e a Covid 19 persistem presentemente sem previsões para a sua eliminação, com grande incerteza sobre a sua evolução e extensão quer das consequências sanitárias quer do impacto económico. Desta forma importa desenvolver estratégias que possibilitem o funcionamento das estruturas produtivas, combatendo o congelamento económico e social enquanto consequências absolutamente nefastas no contexto pandémico. A Medicina Dentária, pela sua natureza, nomeadamente a produção de aerossóis, foi classificada como sendo uma atividade no topo do risco de aquisição/disseminação da doença por parte dos profissionais que a exercem. Muitos países suspenderam o exercício de Medicina Dentária como medida preventiva. Importa, pois, agora e na perspetiva de regresso criar mecanismos que permitam o exercício profissional em segurança. No entanto existe uma lacuna extensa sobre a própria definição de segurança no exercício profissional em Medicina Dentária no contexto SARS CoV 2 /Covid 19. O objetivo destas Normas de Orientação Clínica (NOC) foi compilar de forma sistematizada a evidência existente sobre esta temática e conferir a maior robustez possível à decisão clínica no pré per e pós consulta.
E-science: the fourth paradigm in science and research data management
Authors:   Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Marlina Ekawati
Published: February 2021

Research is a process of systematic problem solving using scientific methods. One of the main outputs in research is data. The development of new analytical methods in research led to the emergence of the e-science era. In that era, there was a change in the type, volume, and diversity of research data. With the advent of the e-science era, libraries in universities and research institutes in addition to managing publications also manage research data. By using the narrative review method, an exploration is carried out to identify the paradigms in science and their relation to research data management. Identification is done by using the perspective of paradigm and epistemology. From the results of exploration, it is known that e-science is the fourth paradigm in science. The paradigm shift is due to the development of new analytical methods in scientific research. The shift in the research paradigm has changed the data life cycle. In the new life cycle, data becomes an important part of each stage of research activities. Research data management is important so that data can be accessed for a long period of time, shared and reused. Data sharing is a new stage that has emerged in the data lifecycle in the e-science era. From an epistemological perspective, reproduction and verification are problematic issues in data sharing
El servicio de justicia penal santafesino: Producción de audiencias orales, marco jurídico y organización: el caso de la oficina de gestión judicial de los distritos judiciales N° 1 y 2
Authors: Longo Gasser José Luis
Published: February 2021

Observar la modernización de los sistemas judiciales desde la óptica de la administración, lleva a la obtención de resultados que difícilmente se encuentren en la bibliografía jurídica. Nos planteamos estudiar el sistema penal santafesino, en el que se ha implementado un proceso adversarial, el cual se caracteriza por el desarrollo de audiencias, en las que las partes desenvuelven su rol de manera oral y, principalmente, el juez toma su decisión (resolución) en forma oral. A los fines de concretar cada una de las audiencias orales, el marco legal conformó una organización administrativa, separada de la jurisdiccional y dotada de funciones específicas, que apoyan y brindan soporte a los jueces en su labor. Analizar el número de recursos de los cuales se dispone y el grado de utilización que de los mismos se haga para celebrar un determinado caudal de audiencias orales, nos permitirá conocer acerca del uso de los factores de producción involucrados en el proceso penal, que tiene como resultado el número total de audiencias celebradas. En nuestro estudio sobre la justicia penal santafesina, específicamente en las jurisdicciones de la sede Santa Fe y Rosario, para el período 2014 a 2018, hemos encontrado evidencia cuantitativa de una merma en la productividad media a mayor dotación de recursos, no obstante crecer la producción total de audiencias. Vale decir, que el incremento en el número de personal o la construcción de un mayor número de salas de audiencias, si bien inciden positivamente en la producción total, evidencia disminución en su rendimiento medio.
The Religious Freedom: Universalism Claim, Resistance of Islamic World, and Reconceptualization
Authors: Umam Fawaizul
Published: February 2021

AbstractReligious freedom is one type of human rights which caused major resistance to the universalism claim of human rights in Muslim countries. This article attempted to describe why that resistance arose and how Islam should reconceptualize religious freedom. The religious freedom issues are important to be explored in the context of contemporary Islamic studies because its value and scope tended to be limited in the Islamic conservatism discourse. One of the issues is the fallacy in categorizing the apostasy (riddah)—a non-derogable right—verdicted as a blasphemy in Islam. By reconceptualizing the Islamic meaning of religious freedom, this study applied document analysis to enrich the contemporary Islamist studies, especially to postulate the significant relationship between Islam and human rights and to argue that Islam actually legitimized religious freedom as one of the non-derogable rights.
Fighting Islamic Radicalism Through Religious Moderatism in Indonesia: An Analysis of Religious Movement
Authors: Basyir Kunawi
Published: February 2021

The Indonesian socio-religious circumstances have been complicated lately, especially since the reformation era. This situation is marked by turmoils, horizontal conflicts, and unfriendly political dynamics involving radical religious and political ideology (henceforth: radical Islamic groups). Against this backdrop, this research is an attempt at getting a comprehensive understanding of radical islamic movements as well as the strategy of coping with them. The method employed is participatory action research, with Surabaya is selected as its setting. This study finds that re-upholding local tradition framed with religious moderation concept that have for years been the trademark of Indonesian Islam, which is manifested through distinctive local practices labelled as Islam Nusantara (henceforth: Islam wasatiyya), is capable of minimises the radical Islamic movements that has growth as a threat for the nation.
Social and Cultural Relations in Islamic Law in Javanese Context: KH. Bisri Musthofa’s Thoughts on Qur’an and Hadith Issues
Authors: Akmaluddin Muhammad
Published: February 2021

From an epistemological perspective, the environment creates knowledge and meaning of life for society. Knowledge is used to achieve people's goals and expectations. This article examines the epistemology of Islamic law in Indonesia, particularly on the north coast of Java, in the context of its social and cultural background. To that end, this study investigated the works of KH. Bisri Musthofa, namely Tafsīr al-Ibrīz li Ma'rifa Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-'Azīz and al-Azwād al-Musṭafawiyya fī Tarjama al-Arba'īn al-Nawawiyya. Many have already discussed the works of KH. Bisri Musthofa, but only a few touch on the issue of Islamic law in these works. This study argues that cultural context influences the authors of qur'anic and hadith interpretations to negotiate their understanding of customs and traditions, including in Java. Thus, the understanding of Islamic sharia on the north coast of Java is not passive, imitative and follows the thinking in the Arabian peninsula. The interpretation of the Qur'an and the understanding of hadith in Java indicate an active, creative and sustainable negotiation process related to the reality of society, social and cultural. This process then reconciles the two sources of law, between religious texts and cultural and social realities, and between sharia and haqiqa. Reconciliation shows that Islamic law was in its epistemic space on the north coast of Java in the 20th century.
Human Right Impact Assessment (HRIA): The Importance Of Community Involvement In International Agreement
Authors: Amaliyah Anita , Putranti Ika Riswanti
Published: February 2021

In the growing international agreements as a consequence of Indonesia’s wider participation in the global community, the existence of free market harms the domestic industrial sector, especially to the community. The number of treaties which have been ratified by the government considered as incomparable to the losses incurred, particularly to the possibility of human rights violations of information dysfunction, and the lack of public participation as well as evaluation functions. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach where data is obtained from primary and secondary data. The purpose of this study is to find out the conceptual and practical considerations faced in the possibility of violations of human rights. Moreover, the article also addresses the form of diplomacy carried out by the public regarding several government policies in the Free Trade Agreement and its relations to human rights. The study suggests that the government must guarantee human rights by involving affected communities as a form of collective understanding. Furthermore, the government must also monitor, evaluate, assess, as well as strengthen the communication from various stakeholders to eliminate the hidden costs that can harm the community.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: China's Strategic Ambition
Authors: Prakoso Septyanto Galan , Murtyantoro Andriyansyah Perdana , Cahyani Meisya Putri Intan
Published: February 2021

China’s Silk Road concept known as Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) by Xi Jinping aims at strengthening China’s economic power. One part of the initiative is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Using a qualitative descriptive method, we attempt to explain how China and Pakistan integrate themselves in several aspects such as economic, military and politics. The CPEC establishment falls under the intention of both countries to gain more advantage in several aspects. The main objective of this journal is to explain non-economic and also economic interests behind China and Pakistan relations especially China’s strategic and geopolitical interests. This journal also analyzes Chinese counter-measures against Indian influence in the Indian Ocean. The conclusion of this research shows that China gain more benefits from CPEC especially after the deployment of China’s Navy into the Gwadar Sea Port.
Analysis of Application of Sediment Trap in Rivers as An Effort Reservoir Sedimentation Control
Authors: Wulandari Dyah Ari , Ulfiana Desyta , Parmantoro Priyo Nugroho
Published: February 2021

Reservoir sedimentation can be overcome by reducing the amount of sediment that enters the reservoir, by building check dam. The check dam has more deposited coarse sediment load than fine sediment load. Fine sediment that escapes the check dam will flow further and eventually enter the reservoir pond. Therefore it is necessary to build a building that can capture fine sediments. Construction is planned as a system of sediment trap in irrigation channels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of applying the sediment trap in the river to deposit sediments that escape the check dam. The analysis begins with the selection of the location of the sediment trap, then calculate the dimensions of the sediment trap and the amount of sediment that has settled. Based on the analysis of the selected dimensions with several combinations of gradation of sediment grains, sediment deposition that occurs ranges from 42 - 68%. So it can be concluded making the sediment trap in the river can be done. However, for the application of these sediment traps further research is needed regarding the dimensions of sediment traps that are most optimal for sediment deposition.
Study on the Suitability of Rainfall Intensity Formula and Intensity Duration Frequency Curve (IDF) in the Campus Area of Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
Authors: Harisuseno Donny
Published: February 2021

Rainfall intensity known as an essential variable in rainfall-runoff transformation. Flood events occurred in 2017 at Brawijaya University campus caused by high intensity and landuse change in campus's internal and external environment. The study aims to examine performance of several empirical  formulas  in estimating rainfall intensity, investigating characteristic of each empirical formula’s contant due to varying return period (Tr), and determining appropriate Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curve. The formula of Sherman, Talbot, and Ishiguro was employed to obtain empirical intensity, while intensity on varying return period was calculated using Log Pearson Type III. The proposed rainfall intensity formula was selected through comparison between empirical intensity with those from observation according to criteria of relative error (KR), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Peak Weight Root Mean Square Error (PWRMSE). The Sherman formula showed best performance in estimating rainfall intensity as indicated by low value of KR and PWRMSE, followed by NSE close to one. The constant of empirical formula “a” was directly proportional with increasing of Tr; conversely, constant “b” and “n” were inverse with Tr. The validation result of Sherman formula demonstrated that the formula showed good reliability, thus recommended to estimate intensity and IDF curve in the study area.
Analysis of Flood Vulnerability as a Support to Water Sensitive Urban Design Planning in Klaten Regency
Authors: Ulfiana Desyta , Windarto Yudi Eko , Bashit Nurhadi , Ristianti Novia Sari
Published: February 2021

Klaten Regency is one of the regions that has a high level of flood vulnerability. The area of Klaten Regency which is huge and has diverse characteristics makes it difficult to determine an appropriate flood management model. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a model that focuses on handling water management problems with environmentally friendly infrastructure. Therefore, an analysis is carried out to determine the level of flood vulnerability and factors causing flooding to plan a WSUD design that is suitable for each sub-districts of Klaten Regency. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods are used to help the analysis. Aspects used as criteria are rainfall, slope, soil type, geological conditions, and land use. Based on the analysis, it could be concluded that Klaten Regency has two sub-districts with high flood hazard category, 21 sub-districts with medium category, and three sub-districts with low category. Bayat and Cawas are sub-districts that have a high level of flood vulnerability category. Meanwhile, Kemalang, Karangnongko and Polanharjo are districts with a low level of flood vulnerability category. The main factors causing flooding in Klaten Regency are slope and land use.
Occupations at risk of contracting zoonoses of public health significance in Québec
Authors: Adam-Poupart Ariane , Drapeau Laurie-Maude , Bekal Sadjia , Germain Geneviève , Irace-Cima Alejandra , Sassine Marie-Pascale , Simon Audrey , Soto Julio , Thivierge Karine , Tissot France
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Climate change plays an important role in the geographic spread of zoonotic diseases. Knowing which populations are at risk of contracting these diseases is critical to informing public health policies and practices. In Québec, 14 zoonoses have been identified as important for public health to guide the climate change adaptation efforts of decision-makers and researchers. A great deal has been learned about these diseases in recent years, but information on at-risk workplaces remains incomplete. The objective of this study is to paint a portrait of the occupations and sectors of economic activity at risk for the acquisition of these zoonoses. Methods: A rapid review of the scientific literature was conducted. Databases on the Ovid and EBSCO research platforms were searched for articles published between 1995 and 2018, in English and French, on 14 zoonoses (campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli, giardiasis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Lyme disease, West Nile virus, food botulism, Q fever, avian and swine influenza, rabies, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) and occupational health. The literature search retrieved 12,558 articles and, after elimination of duplicates, 6,838 articles were evaluated based on the title and the abstract. Eligible articles had to address both concepts of the research issue (prioritized zoonoses and worker health). Of the 621 articles deemed eligible, 110 were selected following their full reading. Results: Of the diseases under study, enteric zoonoses were the most frequently reported. Agriculture, including veterinary services, public administration services and medical and social services were the sectors most frequently identified in the literature. Conclusion: The results of our study will support public health authorities and decision-makers in targeting those sectors and occupations that are particularly at risk for the acquisition of zoonoses. Doing so will ultimately optimize the public health practices of those responsible for the health of workers.
Antecedentes de los límites fronterizos en la península de Yucatán utilizando la cartografía histórica
Authors: Alonso Velasco Ignacio
Published: February 2021

Desde que se constituyera, en 1902, por medio de decreto presidencial de Porfirio Díaz, el Territorio Federal de Quintana Roo en la parte oriental de la Península de Yucatán, tanto Campeche como Yucatán han pugnado en contra de esta decisión y se han opuesto al establecimiento de su delimitación. Este conflicto territorial ya se ha dilatado por más de una centuria y la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación sigue sin resolver. Este artículo identificará cuáles han sido las manifestaciones presidenciales que provocaron esta disputa y hará un análisis de cartografía histórica, fruto de trabajo de archivo en la Mapoteca Manuel Orozco y Berra, para tratar de desentrañar dónde se han encontrado los límites fronterizos al interior de la Península de Yucatán en el siglo pasado.
La pandemia de “influenza española” en el municipio de Aguascalientes, 1918
Authors: Rodríguez López María Guadalupe , Esparza Jiménez Vicente Agustín
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza la presencia de la pandemia de "influenza española" en el municipio de Aguascalientes a través de las actas de defunción correspondientes al año de 1918 y las acciones emprendidas por el gobierno municipal para hacer frente a dicha enfermedad. En un primer momento se abordan los antecedentes generales de la influenza a finales del siglo XIX en Aguascalientes, para después estudiar las principales características de la "influenza española" y, finalmente, la presencia de la epidemia en el municipio de Aguascalientes, para conocer cómo fue su desarrollo y cuáles fueron las medidas tomadas por parte de las autoridades para evitar su transmisión.
Leonor Arfuch, La vida narrada. Memoria, subjetividad y política
Authors: Arroyo Monsivais Manuel de Jesús
Published: February 2021

Reseña a Leonor Arfuch, La vida narrada. Memoria, subjetividad y política
A New Fusion-Based Agricultural Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Despeckling by Using Anisotropic Diffusion and Discrete Wavelet Transform Methods
Authors: Shree Raj , Shukla Ashwani Kant , Pandey Ravi Prakash , Shukla Vivek
Published: February 2021

In agricultural synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the characteristic depression is due to the speckle-noise, which is of a granular form and is multiplicative in nature, leading to common issues as the features of the images get blurred. Precise agricultural SAR images that are needed for despeckling the speckle-noise are obtained by employing despeckling methods. Preserving the fine details of the agricultural SAR images during the process of speckle-noise reduction is a very challenging task for the researcher. Most of the despeckling methods only smooth the edges but do not enhance the edges. The anisotropic diffusion, also known as Perona-Malik diffusion and two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform, is employed to eliminate the speckle-noise and preserve the fine details of the image. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed method are analyzed by its perceptible characteristics and by employing other analyzing parameters like peak-signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measure, universal image quality index, and root mean square error. The robustness and execution time are determined and compared with typical filters and techniques. The proposed method is more robust and has a better ability to be used in realistic applications.
Effects of BFRP Bar Diameter and Cover Thickness on Fracture Behavior of BFRP Bar–Reinforced Ecological High-Ductility Cementitious Composites
Authors: Chai Li-Juan , Guo Li-Ping , Chen Bo , Carpinteri Andrea , Scorza Daniela , Vantadori Sabrina
Published: February 2021

To obtain the design parameters of bridge deck link slabs made of ecological high-ductility cementitious composite (Eco-HDCC) material reinforced with a basalt fiber-reinforced plastic (BFRP) by applying fracture mechanics concepts, the reinforcing effects of a BFRP bar on the fracture properties of BFRP bar–reinforced Eco-HDCC specimens were studied. First, cracking load, crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), and deflection of specimens were monitored, and BFRP bar diameter and cover thickness were considered. The results indicate that both the diameter and cover thickness of BFRP bar have an obvious influence on the crack kinking angle. In addition, as the diameter of BFRP bar increases, the peak load, peak CMOD, peak deflection, and fracture energy of Eco-HDCC specimens increase, and these peak values of Eco-HDCC specimens after reloading also show the same trend. In addition, the peak load, peak CMOD, peak deflection, and fracture energy are larger if the Eco-HDCC specimen has a smaller cover thickness. However, the Eco-HDCC specimen with a BFRP bar cover thickness of 25 mm has a higher peak load after reloading than the specimen with a cover thickness of 15 mm when the bar diameters are 10 and 12 mm, respectively. In conclusion, BFRP bar diameters from 10 to 14 mm and a cover thickness of 25 mm are recommended when designing bridge deck link slabs.
Intact Female Mice Acquire Trace Eyeblink Conditioning Faster than Male and Ovariectomized Female Mice
Authors: Rapp Amy P. , Weiss Craig , Oh M. Matthew , Disterhoft John F.
Published: February 2021

Female subjects have been widely excluded from past neuroscience work because of a number of biases, including the notion that cycling sex hormones increase variability. However, it is necessary to conduct behavioral research in mice that includes both sexes as mice are typically used for developing and evaluating future therapeutics. Understanding sex differences in learning is fundamental for the development of targeted therapies for numerous neurologic and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, which is more prevalent in females than males. This study set out to confirm the role of sex and necessity of circulating ovarian hormones in the acquisition of the temporal associative memory task trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) in C57BL/6J mice. We present evidence that sex and ovarian hormones are important factors in learning. Specifically, intact female mice learn significantly faster than both male and ovariectomized (ovx) female mice. Data from pseudoconditioned control mice indicate that sex differences are because of differences in learned associations, not sensitization or spontaneous blink rate. This study strengthens the idea that ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone significantly influence learning and memory and that further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms behind their effects. Overall, our findings emphasize the necessity of including both sexes in future behavioral studies.
Effects of Fe-Zn-NA chelates priming on the vigour of aged hybrid rice seeds and the maintenance of priming benefits at different storage temperatures
Authors: Lin Cheng , Pan Shanshan , Hu Weimin , Guan Yajing , Hu Jin , Song Wenjian
Published: February 2021

The effects of seed priming with Fe-Zn-NA chelate (FeSO4+ZnSO4+niacinamide) and the longevity of the beneficial priming effects were investigated for aged seeds of hybrid rice cv. Lingyouhuazhan (LYHZ) and cv. Longxiangyou 130 (LXY130). As compared with untreated and hydroprimed seeds, Fe-Zn-NA chelate priming significantly enhanced germination energy (GE), germination percentage (GP), germination index (GI), vigour index (VI) and normal seedling rate (NSR), and increased seedling shoot height (SH) and seedling dry weight (DW) in both cultivars. After priming with Fe-Zn-NA chelates, the GP of LYHZ was 96.0%, which was 12.7 and 12.0% higher than hydroprimed and non-primed seeds, respectively. Similarly, the GP of LXY130 was 89.5%, significantly higher than the hydroprimed and non-primed seeds (by 11.5 and 10.0%, respectively). When stored at 25°C, the benefits of Fe-Zn-NA chelate priming on seed vigour and viability was maintained for three months; while after six months storage, the GP of LYHZ and LXY130 was only 48.0 and 34.0%, respectively, which was significantly lower than the non-primed seeds (84.0 and 71.1%). When stored at 15 or 5°C for six months, the germination potential of Fe-Zn-NA chelate-primed seeds was still high. The GP of LYHZ and LXY130 seeds was 94.4% and 77.8%, respectively, after storage at 15°C, and 97.8% and 85.6% after storage at 5°C. In conclusion, the Fe-Zn-NA chelate priming was an effective method to improve the vigour and viability of hybrid rice aged seeds; however, the duration of beneficial priming effects needs to be determined according to the storage temperature.
Polskie adaptacje łacińskich i francuskich nazw miejscowych w Nowym wielkim dykcjonarzu Pierre’a Daneta i Dymitra Franciszka Koli
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Marczak Marek
Published: February 2021

The considerable number of toponyms is one of the many unexplored but interesting characteristics of the Danet-Kola French-Latin-Polish dictionary. The translator – Kola – alters toponyms in different ways. This article analyses the substantial corpus of lexicographical units, mainly place names of French and English cities. The results of the research illustrate the two most noticeable tendencies of Kola’s translations. Firstly, he adapts Latin toponyms if the term denotes a place with a diocese. Secondly, Kola refers to his knowledge of French in translation, even if place names are derived from other languages.
Концептуальные основания разработки учебного пособия, ориентированного на подготовку будущего учителя иностранного языка к межкультурной коммуникации
Authors:   Минский государственный лингвистический университет, Силкович Лилия
Published: February 2021

The article gives an insight into some basic conceptual guidelines on how to design a university foreign language textbook as a tool for developing students’ intercultural communicative competence. The fundamental methodological approaches and principles for creating it are defined. In addition, an innovative textbook focused on preparing a future foreign language teacher for intercultural communication, designed in accordance with the described requirements, is presented
Realizacja konceptu „wolność” i „sprawiedliwość” w oficjalnych wystąpieniach prezydenta W.W. Putina (na materiale orędzi do Zgromadzenia Federalnego)
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szymula Robert
Published: February 2021

The article presents an analysis of the verbalization of two concepts important for different genres of political discourse: the concepts of “freedom” and “justice”. The study was prepared on the basis of a relatively new genre for Russian presidential discourse, which is the Presidential address to the Federal Assembly. The lexical material was taken from all the addresses delivered by President W.W. Putin (2000–2007, 2012–2016, 2018–2020). The descriptive method and the contextual method were used during the analysis. The analysis showed that the verbalizations of these concepts are not numerous; they are also quite general. The main emphasis in the case of the concept of “freedom” was placed on the economy, and in the case of the concept of “justice” on the social sphere.