bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Egypt of The Mummy
Authors: Sutherland Doris V.
Published: February 2021

This chapter assesses how The Mummy (1932) approaches ancient Egypt and the ways in which it reflects contemporary attitudes towards the place and era. Although set almost entirely in the Cairo of 1932, The Mummy shows little concern with twentieth-century Egypt; indeed, many of the principal characters are not even Egyptian. In The Mummy, the Egypt of the 1930s is treated merely as a midway point between Western civilisation and the era of the Pharaohs: a land of museums, excavations, archaeologists, and the occasional revived mummy. The chapter then studies how the spectre of Tutankhamun permeates the film. The Mummy appears to have lifted basic details of Tutankhamun's life and worked them into an almost entirely fictitious story. With its themes of death, resurrection, and the afterlife, The Mummy also frequently touches upon ancient Egyptian religion. Finally, there is the phenomenon that originally prompted Universal Pictures to head to Egypt for inspiration: the cursed tomb.
‘Thank you, Einstein’: Why You Can’t Turn Back Time
Authors: Kord Susanne
Published: February 2021

This chapter analyses Terry Gilliam's drawing for the opening credits of 12 Monkeys, which shows monkeys following each other in a never-ending spiral. It discusses 12 Monkeys's heftiest hint at the one point without which it cannot be properly understood as the film does not present time as linear. It also talks about how non-linear time is associated with time travel and futuristic scenarios, and how the idea has been around for centuries. The chapter mentions the Aztec calendar to which Gilliam's drawing bears some resemblance and relied on an interconnected tripartite system that assigned each day a unique combination of a name, number, symbol and patron deity. It talks about the hot debate in the film about linear time that becomes the acid test for the entire film.
Children of Men
Authors: Dinello Dan
Published: February 2021

A mirror of tomorrow, Alfonso Cuarón's visionary Children of Men (2006) was released to good reviews and a poor box office but is now regarded by many as a twenty-first-century masterpiece. Its propulsive story dramatizes a dystopian future when an infertile humanity hurtles toward extinction and an African refugee holds the key to its survival. Cuarón creates a documentary of the near future when Britain's totalitarian government hunts down and cages refugees like animals as the world descends into violent chaos. In the midst of xenophobia and power abuses that have led to a permanent state of emergency, Children of Men inspires with a story of hope and political resistance. This book explicates Children of Men's politically progressive significance in the context of today's rise of authoritarianism and white nationalism. Though topical at the time, the film now feels as if it's been torn from today's headlines. Examining the film from ideological, psychological, and philosophical perspectives, the book explores the film's connection to post-9/11 apocalyptic narratives, its evolutionary twist to the nativity story, its warning about the rise of neofascism, and its visual uniqueness as science-fiction, delving into the film's gritty hyper-realistic style and the innovative filmic techniques developed by director Cuarón and his cinematographer, Emmanuel Lubezki. The book explores the film's criticism of the pathologies of a reactionary politics that normalize discriminatory hierarchies and perpetuate vast differences in privilege. Children of Men prods us to imagine an egalitarian alternative with a narrative that urges emotional identification with rebels, outcasts, and racial and ethnic outsiders.
Introduction: Clash of Civilizations
Authors: Dinello Dan
Published: February 2021

This chapter introduces Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men, which was loosely based on the 1992 novel of the same name by P.D. James. It analyses Children of Men's dramatization of a world in violent turmoil with humanity hurtling toward extinction after eighteen years of infertility. It also mentions the plagues, environmental degradation, violent rebellion and war that have shattered the world into a battleground of military rule, ethnic tribalism, high security Green Zones, and internment camp Red Zones seen in the film. This chapter points out how the Children of Men novel from 1992 seems to have been torn from today's headlines, noting the shock of Brexit, the U.S. election of nationalistic fear-monger Donald Trump, and the spread of xenophobia in reaction to the global immigration crisis. It talks about how Children of Men offers up resistance as a means to fight oppression and despair amid injustice and brutality.
Standard-siren Cosmology Using Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Holes
Authors: You Zhi-Qiang , Zhu Xing-Jiang , Ashton Gregory , Thrane Eric , Zhu Zong-Hong
Published: February 2021

Gravitational-wave astronomy provides a unique new way to study the expansion history of the universe. In this work, we investigate the impact future gravitational-wave observatories will have on cosmology. Third-generation observatories like the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer will be sensitive to essentially all of the binary black hole coalescence events in the universe. Recent work by Farr et al. points out that features in the stellar-mass black hole population break the mass–redshift degeneracy, facilitating precise determination of the Hubble parameter without electromagnetic counterparts or host galaxy catalogs. Using a hierarchical Bayesian inference model, we show that with one year of observations by the Einstein Telescope, the Hubble constant will be measured to ≲1%. We also show that this method can be used to perform Bayesian model selection between cosmological models. As an illustrative example, we find that a decisive statement can be made comparing the ΛCDM and RHCT cosmological models using two weeks of data from the Einstein Telescope.
Grain Alignment and Disruption by Radiative Torques in Dense Molecular Clouds and Implication for Polarization Holes
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Tram Le Ngoc , Lee Hyeseung , Diep Pham Ngoc , Ngoc Nguyen Bich
Published: February 2021

Dust polarization induced by aligned grains is widely used to study magnetic fields in various astrophysical environments. However, the question of to what optical depth grain alignment still exists in a dense molecular cloud (MC) is unclear. In this paper, we derive analytical formulae for the minimum size of aligned grains (a
align) and rotational disruption (a
disr) by RAdiative Torques (RATs) as a function of the local physical parameters within MCs. We first find the analytical approximations for the radiation strength and mean wavelength of the attenuated radiation field in a dense MC with and without embedded stars, and then derive analytical formulae for a
align and a
disr as functions of the visual extinction A

V
and gas density. We find that, within a starless core of density

, grains of size

can be aligned at A

V
 ∼ 5 by RATs, whereas micron-sized grains can still be aligned at

. The increase in a
align with A

V
can explain the presence of polarization holes observed toward starless cores. For MCs with an embedded protostar, the efficiency of both alignment and rotational disruption increases toward the protostar due to the increasing radiation strength. Such a disruption effect results in the decrease of the polarization degree with A

V
or emission intensity, reproducing the popular polarization holes observed toward the location of protostars. Finally, we derive the formula for the maximum A

V
where grain alignment still exists in a starless core, and we discuss its potential for constraining grain growth.
Ultra-high Energy Inverse Compton Emission from Galactic Electron Accelerators
Authors: Breuhaus M. , Hahn J. , Romoli C. , Reville B. , Giacinti G. , Tuffs R. , Hinton J. A.
Published: February 2021

It is generally held that >100 TeV emission from astrophysical objects unambiguously demonstrates the presence of PeV protons or nuclei, due to the unavoidable Klein–Nishina suppression of inverse Compton emission from electrons. However, in the presence of inverse Compton dominated cooling, hard high-energy electron spectra are possible. We show that the environmental requirements for such spectra can naturally be met in spiral arms, and in particular in regions of enhanced star formation activity, the natural locations for the most promising electron accelerators: powerful young pulsars. Our scenario suggests a population of hard ultra-high energy sources is likely to be revealed in future searches, and may also provide a natural explanation for the 100 TeV sources recently reported by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory.
The Effect of Physical Activity and Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in Red Blood Cell and Hemoglobin in Trained People
Authors: Harahap Novita Sari , Simatupang Nurhayati , Suprayitno Suprayitno
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness depends on hematological parameters such as red blood cells and hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is needed in adequate quantities in trained athletes, especially in endurance sports. The effects of antioxidant supplementation are not yet fully known whether the body’s natural antioxidants that act as a defense system can overcome the increase in free radicals during physical exercise or whether additional supplements are needed.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of physical activity and consumption of red dragon fruit on red blood cells and hemoglobin in trained people.
METHODS: The subject of the study was 20 people, male, trained, divided into two groups randomly, each consisting of 10 people, namely, Group 1 (PA): A group that was given physical exercise and obtained a placebo; Group 2 (PA+RDF): A group was assigned physical activity and given red dragon fruit juice. Physical activity was performed in the form of treadmill exercises with an intensity of 80–85% of the maximum heart rate (MHR= 220 – age), frequency 3 times a week, duration 30 min, for 28 days.
RESULTS: The results show that the increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin after intervention in PA+RDF group is higher than in the PA group, but based on statistic test, there is no significant difference to increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin between the two groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The physical activity and red dragon fruit can prevent the decrease of red blood cells and hemoglobin in trained people.
Amiseginae and Cleptinae from northeastern Brazil, with the description of four new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)
Authors: Lucena Daercio A.A. , Almeida Eduardo A.B. , Zanella Fernando C.V.
Published: February 2021

The diversity of two subfamilies of cuckoo wasps in northeastern Brazil is reviewed. Four new species are described and illustrated:Amisega boyiLucena,sp. nov.,A. sertanejaLucena,sp. nov., andDuckeia duduiLucena,sp. nov.(Amiseginae), andCleptidea nordestinaLucena,sp. nov.(Cleptinae). These new species ofAmisegaandDuckeiarepresent the first records of both genera in the core zone of the Caatinga dry region, and they seem to be endemic to this portion of the region. The other twoAmisegaspecies previously recorded in northeastern Brazil are restricted to ecotone habitats between Caatinga and Atlantic forest.Cleptidea nordestinaLucena,sp. nov.(Cleptinae) is the most septentrional record for thefasciataspecies group in South America. With the present contribution, the total recorded diversity of Amiseginae and Cleptinae in northeastern Brazil is represented by the following species:A. boyiLucena,sp. nov.,A. flavipesKimsey, 1987,A. sertanejaLucena,sp. nov.,A. similisKimsey, 1987, andD. duduiLucena,sp. nov.(Amiseginae), andC. nordestinaLucena,sp. nov.(Cleptinae).
« La victoire finale appartient toujours au Ver Vainqueur »
Authors: Ben Soussan Patrick
Published: February 2021

Le cancer emporte irrémédiablement – entendez-vous « diable » ici ? – le sujet qui en est atteint, son médecin et les psychistes qui peuvent l’accompagner, dans des contrées inexplorées, des sous-sols, des mondes parallèles, en autant d’invitations au voyage et à la rêverie. Toute rencontre avec un malade nous transporte dans une lecture qui génère en nous des faisceaux associatifs, formés de sensations, d’émotions, d’images… La question de la guérison du cancer est ainsi ouverte ici sur l’expérience interne qu’elle sollicite, pour les uns et les autres et ce en quoi elle peut être partageable.
Guérir du cancer à travers les métaphores corporelles
Authors: Santarpia Alfonso
Published: February 2021

Le but de cet article est de décrire le travail de guérison en contexte oncologique, à travers le repérage et la mobilisation des métaphores corporelles, dans la narration des patients, après une expérience artistique. Notre hypothèse est que le travail psychique avec les arts (et l’imagination des artistes), en présence du psychothérapeute (analyste), peut non seulement éloigner les patients d’une narration médicalisée de la maladie (symptômes, plaintes, gènes et douleurs physiques), mais aussi générer des métaphores corporelles apaisantes, poétiques, potentiellement précieuses dans l’élaboration de l’angoisse de mort. Nous montrons des situations cliniques pour soutenir cette hypothèse.
La force de guérir : ce qui ne nous tue pas nous rend-il plus fort ?
Authors: Bachler Laurent
Published: February 2021

On conçoit souvent le processus de guérison comme un retour à un état de santé antérieur. Or les phénomènes vitaux ne sont pas réversibles. C’est ce constat qui conduit le philosophe de la médecine, Georges Canguilhem à développer une conception de la guérison comme création de nouvelles normes. Cette conception s’inspire d’intuitions nietzschéennes et permet de mieux comprendre la phrase célèbre de Nietzsche : « Ce qui ne me tue pas me fortifie. »
Ceci n’est pas une guérison
Authors: Lallmahamood Nizaar
Published: February 2021

Le titre de l’article est une référence au célèbre tableau de R. Magritte, La trahison des images (1928). La guérison existe-t-elle ? La maladie étant perçue différemment du point de vue du corps médical, de l’expérience vécue du malade et de la perception sociale, l’article questionne cette notion de guérison comme un processus et non comme un état. Comme la pipe dans le tableau, la guérison serait-elle un simulacre ? Un espace indifférencié projetant le malade dans un entre-deux impossible ? L’émergence d’un « hors-là », d’un autre Moi, expulse le patient dans un nouveau monde où le retour à un état antérieur de la maladie devient impossible. La guérison se situe-t-elle dans cet exil subi ?
De la créativité pour une meilleure qualité de vie durant un cancer : une étude expérimentale
Authors: Delpech Lionel , Lelièvre Marie , Cabot Adeline , Dérédec Fanny , Dally Émilie , Sordes Florence , Sudres Jean-Luc
Published: February 2021

L’objectif est de repérer les liens existants entre créativité, qualité de vie et émotions négatives dans un contexte de cancer et d’identifier le concept qui impacte le plus la qualité de vie. Un échantillon de 35 patients en oncologie est à la base de cette étude (moyenne 61 ans + 11). Les outils d’évaluation utilisés sont : les cubes de Corsi et le Big Five Inventory, le Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, le Toronto Alexithymia Scale, et le World Health Organisation Quality Of Life. La créativité a des liens significatifs avec la dépression, l’alexithymie et la qualité de vie (r = -.43 ; p < .05 et r = -.31 ; p < .10 et r = .54 ; p < .01, respectivement). De plus, la créativité est la variable qui impacte le plus la qualité de vie (β = .32 ; p = .05). Ces résultats appuient l’idée que la créativité est un facteur important à prendre en compte pour maintenir la qualité de vie du patient ayant un cancer.
Les syndicats enseignants et la laïcité scolaire en France (1948-1989)
Authors: Cahon Julien
Published: February 2021

La laïcité est un pilier historique de l’identité du syndicalisme enseignant de l’école publique. Dans les années qui suivent la Seconde Guerre mondiale, celui-ci, malgré ses divisions, s’est mobilisé pour défendre la laïcité contre les lois organisant et élargissant le financement de l’école privée, en grande majorité catholique. Mobilisant archives et publications des quatre principaux syndicats enseignants du secteur scolaire public (SNI, SNES, SGEN, SNALC), cet article analyse leurs positionnements et réflexions sur la laïcité scolaire. Avant que la question de l’islam ne révèle les désaccords des syndicats enseignants, ces organisations avaient pourtant une approche très différente de la laïcité scolaire.
Représentations et formes d’appropriation de la réforme des études en masso-kinésithérapie par les formateurs : regards croisés entre échelles nationale et locale
Authors: Perez-Roux Thérèse , Avenel Céline
Published: February 2021

La recherche s’intéresse aux conséquences de la réforme de la formation des Masseurs-Kinésithérapeutes (MK) sur l’activité des formateurs. Mise en place à la rentrée 2015, la réforme intègre une double logique de professionnalisation et d’universitarisation. La méthodologie s’appuie sur une enquête nationale par questionnaires (n = 141) et une enquête régionale par entretiens semi-directifs (n = 18). Les résultats issus du croisement des analyses indiquent des types de rapports à la réforme et à l’activité de formateur selon les deux échelles, nationales et locales. Les analyses quantitatives et qualitatives permettent ensuite d’identifier les formes singulières d’intrication avec le métier de MK dans le discours des formateurs sur leur activité et la réforme de la formation.
Les stratégies d’enrôlement pour le maintien d’un projet pédagogique
Authors: Tenailleau Nadège
Published: February 2021

Alors que les politiques éducatives s’attachent à créer les conditions favorables à l’innovation et à l’expérimentation, les dispositifs institutionnels restent contraignants pour que les équipes éducatives puissent s’en saisir. Certaines comme celle de l’école ouverte de la Boule d’Or se retrouvent alors à innover sans en référer aux autorités. Sans soutien et sans accompagnement, le noyau actif de l’école use de stratégies telles que l’enrôlement forcé afin de maintenir une mobilisation de ses alliés et ainsi assurer la traduction et la pérennité de son projet pédagogique qui date des années 1970. Cet enrôlement conduit à plusieurs types de figures d’enseignants qui au gré de l’intéressement au projet (Callon, 1986) se mobilisent à différents niveaux. Cet article se propose alors d’ouvrir la boîte noire et de présenter les rapports de force qui accompagnent la traduction d’innovations pédagogiques au sein d’une équipe.
Global Integration of Palliative Nursing Education to Improve Health Crisis Preparedness
Authors: Rosa William E. , Ferrell Betty R. , Mazanec Polly
Published: February 2021

Background:

COVID-19 has highlighted the need for universal palliative care access. Nurses require palliative care education throughout the trajectory of professional training to effectively achieve this vision.

Method:

Review of the National Consensus Project Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care and use of educational exemplars highlight opportunities for improving palliative nursing education in academic and clinical settings.

Results:

Consistently applying palliative care principles affects nursing outcomes across myriad domains of person-centered services. All nurses are responsible for delivering primary palliative care, but they cannot practice what they do not know. The End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Project offers evidence-based education for nursing students and practicing nurses nationally and globally.

Conclusion:

Equipping both nurses and nursing students with palliative care education is critical to improve the overall quality of health care throughout the continuum during COVID-19 and in the face of future health crises.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(3):130–135.]
Biopolymer-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mahendhran Karthikeyan , Ramanathan Murugappan
Published: February 2021

Biopolymers derived from natural sources like plants, microorganisms, and animals have attracted significant attention towards biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, zero toxicity, and abundant nature compared to the synthetic counterparts. In recent years, the emergence of nanoscience has evidenced notable preference in the development of safe and potent nano-biomaterials. Among the various methods reported for the fabrication of nanomaterials, electrospinning has received prime focus in the generation of tuneable nanostructures with versatile properties. This chapter highlights the importance, mode of synthesis, applications, and limitations of biopolymer nanomaterials from natural origin.
Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance Through Nanoantibiotics
Authors: Nagarajan Krishnanand , Perumal Sathish Kumar , Marimuthu Sathish Kumar , Palanisamy Selvamani , Subbiah Latha
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the irrational use of antibiotics has escalated the evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. The infectious diseases caused by these MDR bacterial strains remain a major threat to human health and have emerged as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The WHO and CDC have expressed serious concern regarding the continued increase in the development of multidrug resistance among bacteria. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a severe global threat of growing concern to human health and economic burden. Bacteria have developed the ability to resist antimicrobials by altering target site/enzyme, inactivation of the enzyme, decreasing cell permeability, increasing efflux due to over-expression of efflux pumps, target protection, target overproduction, and many other ways. The shortage of new antimicrobials and rapid rise in antibiotic resistance demands pressing need to develop alternate antibacterial agents.
Novel Synergistic Approaches of Nano-Biomaterials and Bacteriophage for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Easwaran Maheswaran , Raja Nageshwari , Ahn Juhee , Karuppiah Hemalatha , Shin Hyun Jin
Published: February 2021

The antimicrobial resistance has significantly risen in last few decades as a result of too much usage of antibiotics. In the case of failure of drug therapy, the multidrug resistance has become a serious issue in a clinical and food sectors. The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance has become a great concern for public health worldwide. Therefore, the novel approaches of nano-biomaterials (NBM) and bacteriophage (phage) have received a new attention as an alternative treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Moreover, the advanced molecular biology and genetic engineering have been successfully applied for the rapid detection and control of multidrug resistant pathogenic strains. This chapter specifically summarizes the prevalence of common as well as under-researched antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens and the application of nano-biomaterials and bacteriophage to fight against antimicrobial resistance. Ultimately, the synergistic approach will be a highly promising prospect to threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Medicine at Nanoscale
Authors: Usha Chockaiyan , Sakthieaswari Pandi , Kiruthika Lakshmi Parameswaran
Published: February 2021

Antibiotic therapy for life-threatening bacterial infections has greatly enhanced the lifespan and health of human beings. But continued increase in the improper usage of antibiotics and emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) remains a major reason for the morbidity and mortality worldwide. Delay in the detection of pathogens, poor penetration power of the antimicrobial agent, and susceptibility for mutational resistance also resulted in clinical failure of conventional antibiotics. Innovation of nanoparticles (NPs) serves as a promising strategy to overcome MDR bacteria. The site-specific action of NPs, high penetration power, minimal dosage, and multidimensional mechanism makes NPs highly efficient to tackle MDR bacteria than conventional drugs. This chapter presents a brief overview on various types of NPs, strategies to combat drug resistance, mode of action of NPs as antibacterial agents, applicability in various medical fields, clinical manifestation, challenges in clinical translation, and future prospects.
Software and Innovation
Authors: Cipolla-Ficarra Francisco V.
Published: February 2021

The study analyzes the invisible factors that influence the innovation and quality of the software of the 21st century, through natural language and programming languages. The analysis of languages shows how technological evolution influences the innate and acquired skills of human beings, especially those who are dedicated to software engineering and all its derivations in the field of ICTs. There is a detailed list of internal and external factors affecting the qualitative and reliable software industry. It also examines the relationships between innovative and creative education of experts in new technologies, programming over time, and the role of social networks. Finally, a state of the art on the myths and realities of the software profession in the new millennium is presented, which together with a group of rhetorical questions allows generating new lines of research within the formal and factual sciences, starting from the inquiries and conclusions of this work.
Comparative Analysis of ACO Algorithms for the Solution of the Travelling Salesman Problem
Authors: Quispe Gloria Lola , Rodríguez Maria Fernanda , Ontiveros José Daniel
Published: February 2021

Metaheuristics are non-deterministic algorithms. Metaheuristic strategies are related to design. This chapter presents an introduction on metaheuristics, from the point of view of its theoretical study and the foundations for its use. Likewise, a description and comparative study of the ant colony-based algorithms is carried out. These are ant system (AS), ant colony system (ACS), and max-min ant system (MMAS). These results serve to deliver solutions to complex problems and generally with a high degree of combinatorics for those there is no way to find the best reasonable time. An experimentation and analysis of the results of the ACO algorithms (optimization by ants colonies) is also carried out. For the evaluation of the algorithms, comparisons are made for instances of the TSPLIB test instance library. Therefore, it is deepened in the resolution of the travelling salesman problem (TSP), and a comparative analysis of the different algorithms is carried out in order to see which one adjusts better.
A Smart System of Malware Detection Based on Artificial Immune Network and Deep Belief Network
Authors: Le Dung Hoang , Vu Nguyen Thanh , Le Tuan Dinh
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a smart system of virus detection that can classify a file as benign or malware with high accuracy detection rate. The approach is based on the aspects of the artificial immune system, in which an artificial immune network is used as a pool to create and develop virus detectors that can detect unknown data. Besides, a deep learning model is also used as the main classifier because of its advantages in binary classification problems. This method can achieve a detection rate of 99.08% on average, with a very low false positive rate.
Privacy Protection in Enterprise Social Networks Using a Hybrid De-Identification System
Authors: Souidi Mohamed Abdou , Taghezout Noria
Published: February 2021

Enterprise social networks (ESN) have been widely used within organizations as a communication infrastructure that allows employees to collaborate with each other and share files and documents. The shared documents may contain a large amount of sensitive information that affect the privacy of persons such as phone numbers, which must be protected against any kind of disclosure or unauthorized access. In this study, authors propose a hybrid de-identification system that extract sensitive information from textual documents shared in ESNs. The system is based on both machine learning and rule-based classifiers. Gradient boosted trees (GBTs) algorithm is used as machine learning classifier. Experiments ran on a modified CoNLL 2003 dataset show that GBTs algorithm achieve a very high F1-score (95%). Additionally, the rule-based classifier is consisted of regular expression and gazetteers in order to complement the machine learning classifier. Thereafter, the sensitive information extracted by the two classifiers are merged and encrypted using Format Preserving Encryption method.
Utilizing Sentence Embedding for Dangerous Permissions Detection in Android Apps' Privacy Policies
Authors: Baalous Rawan , Poet Ronald
Published: February 2021

Privacy policies analysis relies on understanding sentences meaning in order to identify sentences of interest to privacy related applications. In this paper, the authors investigate the strengths and limitations of sentence embeddings to detect dangerous permissions in Android apps privacy policies. Sent2Vec sentence embedding model was utilized and trained on 130,000 Android apps privacy policies. The terminology extracted by the sentence embedding model was then compared with the gold standard on a dataset of 564 privacy policies. This work seeks to provide answers to researchers and developers interested in extracting privacy related information from privacy policies using sentence embedding models. In addition, it may help regulators interested in deploying sentence embedding models to check for privacy policies' compliance with the government regulations and to identify points of inconsistencies or violations.
Effect of Direct Current Electric Field Assisted Heat Treatment on the Luminescence Properties of TeO2-ZnO-Bi2O3 Glasses Containing Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Min Hui , Lin Jian , Ye Song , Zhu Zi Min
Published: February 2021

Introduction of metallic nanoparticles into glasses can obviously improve the up-conversion luminescence efficiency through surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this research, the Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-ZnO-Bi2O3 glasses containing silver nanoparticles and nanocrystals were prepared by direct current(DC) electric field assisted heat treatment, to study the effect of silver nanoparticles on the up-conversion luminescence properties of Er3+. The results show that, although the introduction of AgNO3 will weaken the thermal stability of TZB-ErYb to some extent, the number and size of silver nanoparticles can be increased after DC electric field treated at 100°C for 10 minutes. Meanwhile, the nanocrystals do not grow too large to affect the up-conversion emission intensity of Er3+. The up-conversion emission intensity of Er3+ in TZB-ErYb-6AgNO3-100°C-150V-10min is 43 times stronger than that of TZB-ErYb. These results indicate that DC electric field assisted heat treatment can synergistically adjust the silver nanoparticles and nanocrystals and is a promising method to improve the luminescence properties of tellurite glasses.
Nanoencapsulation of Permethrin in Polylactic Acid to Enhance Insecticide Persistence for Scolytinae Pest Control
Authors: Barrera-Méndez Felipe , Ibarra-Juárez Luis Arturo , Hernández-Cervantes Guadalupe , Cruz Siuly Xenia Ramos , Vázquez Mónica , Pérez-Landa Irving David , Bonilla-Landa Israel , Olivares-Romero José Luis
Published: February 2021

Nanotechnology can be used to protect plants against Fusarium Dieback and the Laurel Wilt, that are new and lethal insect-vectored diseases that can host over 300 tree species, including avocado trees. The vectors of these diseases are beetles members of the Scolytinae subfamily, notoriously difficult to control because they spend most of their lives hidden within galleries. Nevertheless, when tested on avocado bolts, some insecticides (including permethrin) provided a reduction in the number of entrance holes or beetle emergence, but the persistence of pesticide residues might have been influenced by factors like rainfall and sunlight. The present study aims to encapsulate permethrin in polylactic acid nanospheres, conferring protection against losses by physic and chemical factors, ultimately increasing its persistence. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency obtained were 393nm, -32mV, and 27%, respectively. After 96 h of exposure to UV-A light, the insecticidal activity of unencapsulated permethrin was severely diminished, having a reduction in mortality in scolytinae beetles from 80% to 40%, while the nanoencapsulated permethrin retained a 70%. The study has concluded the potential advantage of formulating permethrin into nanometric biodegradable spheres, enhancing the persistence of the insecticide while removing the use of toxic organic solvents as vehicle for the active ingredient, reducing the environmental impact.)
Hot Injection Synthesis of Orthorhombic SnS Nanoparticles from Bis(O-n-Propyldithiocarbonato)Diphenyltin(IV)
Authors: Al-Shakban Mundher , Al-Dulaimi Naktal , Xaba Thokozani , Raheel Ahmad
Published: February 2021

The bis (O-n-propyldithiocarbonato) diphenyl of tin (IV) [Ph2Sn (S2COnPr)2] was synthesized as a precursor for the preparation of SnS nanoparticles. The complex was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and IR spectroscopy. Hot injection method was used to synthesize the SnS nanoparticles under nitrogen atmosphere at 260 °C. The SnS nanoparticles formed were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase was found to be polycrystalline, orthorhombic SnS with a strong (111) preferred orientation. The band gap of SnS nanoparticles is 1.28eV.
Tribological Properties of Complex Calcium Sulfonate Grease with Ultrafine SiO2/MoS2 Powders
Authors: Wu Li Ming , Yang Bo Rui , Zhao Fang Xia , Zhang Zhen Zhong
Published: February 2021

For the development of complex calcium sulfonate grease containing ultrafine SiO2/MoS2 powders with self-reparing performance. On the basis of the dispersion of the nanoSiO2 particles, the effects of particle size,addition amount,load and the mass ratio of nanoSiO2 to ultrafine MoS2 powders on the tribological properties of commercial No.2 complex calcium sulfonate grease were systematically studied by four ball friction and wear tester. The results show that suitable particle size and addition amount of single SiO2 and MoS2 powders can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) and the wear scar diameter (WSD) of the grease. The composite of nanoSiO2 and MoS2 powder can broaden the load range of base grease and further improve the tribological properties of complex calcium sulfonate grease. When the mass ratio of nanoSiO2 powder to MoS2 powder is 3:7 and the total addition amount is 0.8wt%, the COF and the WSD of the grease are decreased by 53.64% and 27.08%, respectively, compared with the base grease. The two powders in the composite grease have synergy effect for improving the tribological performance and the friction stability of the grease during the process of long friction.
Introducing Electrospray as a Potent Technique to Deliver Chitosan/pDNA Nanoparticles to Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Landi Farzaneh Saeedi , Negahdari Babak , Esmaeili Fariba , Kolivand Sedigheh , Amani Amir
Published: February 2021

Electrospray technique has received increasing attentions for intracellular gene delivery as well as production of nanoparticles. In this study, chitosan/pDNA nanoparticles with N/P ratio of 5 were prepared and transferred to HEK293T cells by electrospray technique. Physicochemical characterization of prepared nanoparticles, including size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency was performed and attachment of pDNA to chitosan was confirmed by gel agarose electrophoresis. Moreover, transfection efficiency was investigated using flow cytometry. MTT assay was performed for cell viability studies. Nanoparticles were prepared at three pDNA concentrations of 10, 55 and 100 μg/ml in fixed N/P ratio. Size of nanoparticles was obtained as 110, 188 and 240 nm, using DLS. SEM showed size of 102.34 ± 10.66 nm for samples having 55 μg/ml pDNA. Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were +25 mv and 85±4%m respectively. The effect of pDNA concentration, electrospray time and incubation time on transfection efficiency was investigated using Box-Behnken design. Percent of GFP-positive cells was 41.05 ± 3.04% which was taken as an indicator of transfection efficiency. Transfection efficiency of this method was then compared with that of calcium phosphate (31.1 ± 2.4%), showing improved efficiency. Considering the fact that electrospray is an easy, low cost, one-step process which makes low damage to cells and produces monodispersed nanoparticles, the method is introduced as a fascinating approach in gene transfection.
Ester Group Detection of Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil with Sulphuric and Toluene Sulphuric Acid Catalysts
Authors: Suaniti Ni Made , Adnyana I Wayan Bandem , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta
Published: February 2021

Used cooking oil is potential as raw material to produce biodiesel. We discovered fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and methyl esters (FAMEs) as biodiesel content indicator from esterification and trans-esterification reactions of used cooking oil with sulphuric acid and toluene sulphuric acid as catalysts. The purpose of this study was to examine some characteristics of FAEE and FAME synthesis from used cooking oil. The FAEEs and FAMEs were detected by separation in thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and compared to laurate standar. The used cooking oil was produced after frying of meat chicken for seven hours in a household. The Retardation Factor (Rf) of TLC of FAME of methyl laurate was 0.36 and FAEE of ethyl laurate was 0.23. The wavenumber indicating specific functional group of =CH was 3392 cm-1, while of alcohol as ester compound was 1739.79 cm-1. The wavenumber of C-C and CO groups were 1635.64 cm-1and 1165 cm-1, respectively. These indicate the ester group in used cooking oil, which reflects the formation of bio-diesel.
The Effect of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Ratio in the Biogas to the Fuel Consumption of 2 Stroke Single Cylinder (63 cc) Engine of 750 Watt Electric Generator
Authors: Wijaya I Wayan Guna , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Surata I Wayan , Sukmawati Ni Made Dewi Dian
Published: February 2021

The 2 stroke single cylinder (63 cc) engine of 750 watt electric generator is very popular in the application because providing enough amount of electricity for small house hold with compact size, light weight with reasonable price. Usually this type of electric generator is fuelled with gasoline that mixed with oil as lubricant. The cylinder volume of the engine is usually around 63 cc. This type of engine can be fuelled with biogas with addition component to mix biogas together with air and lubricant, and set the compression pressure at 10 bar. Biogas mainly contain methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture (H2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The CH4 is combustible gas and can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engine. Moisture and H2S are easily removed from biogas. To remove CO2 from biogas is about difficult and costly, therefore acceptable content of CO2 in the biogas should be investigate related with the fuel consumption. This research is conducted to understand the influent of ratio CH4 and CO2 in the biogas to fuel consumption of the 2 stroke single cylinder engine of 750 watt electric generator. The variations ratio of CH4 and CO2 were obtained from anaerobic digester with batch system. The results indicate that the CH4 and CO2 ration in the range 1.667-1.967 will yield optimum efficiency that reach biogas consumption in the range of 9.1-9.8 liter/minute.
Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide
Authors: Sun Ya Li , Wen Yi Hua , Liu Qing Cai , Chen Jui Chin , de Guzman Manual Reyes , Li Xu , Tsou Chi Hui
Published: February 2021

A solution blending technique was employed to form a nanocomposite film of polyvinyl alcohol modified with carbon nanotube and zinc oxide (CNT/ZnO). The film was characterized using a tensile testing machine, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, a contact angle device, and barrier property measurement. When the CNT/ZnO content was 1.2 phr, the results from mechanical property and water vapor permeation tests showed that the nanocomposite film had good tensile strength and water resistance. Moreover, CNT/ZnO improved the hydrophobicity of the film. CNT/ZnO/can improve the performance of PVA and is a good nanofiller of PVA. The results of this research might have the opportunity to be used as packaging film materials in the future.
The Effects of a Compatibilizer for Improving Mechanical Properties on Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Nuyang Prathumrat , Wiriya-Amornchai Atiwat , Cheewawuttipong Watthanaphon
Published: February 2021

The effect of compatibilizer agent was studied when adding Aluminum fine powder (Al) to reinforce in Polypropylene (PP) by compared between polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and PMCs added Polypropylene graft maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH).The average particle size of the aluminum fine powder was around 75 μm filled in polypropylene with different proportions of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10wt%. PMCs were prepared using the internal mixer. The results found that when the amount of aluminum fine powder increased, the mechanical properties had changed, i.e., tensile strength, and Young’s Modulus increased, while the impact strength and elongation at break decreased. But, when adding compatibilizer 1wt% it was found that the trend of tensile strength, and Young’s Modulus increased that compared with non-compatibilizer, but the impact strength and elongation at break decreased. The part of the morphology of PMCs with non-compatibilizer was found that the particle of aluminum fine powder dispersed in the matrix phase, but there were many microvoids between filler and matrix. But, PMCs with compatibilizer caused the microvoids between filler and matrix to be reduced.
High-Cycle-Fatigue Characterization of an Additive Manufacturing 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Authors: Maccioni Lorenzo , Fraccaroli Lorenzo , Borgianni Yuri , Concli Franco
Published: February 2021

On the one hand, many mechanical components manufactured through additive technologies are optimized in terms of stiffness/weight or strength/weight thanks to lattice structures. On the other hand, the high complexity of these components often impedes further finishing operations and, therefore, the fatigue strength can be compromised. The high surface to volume ratio together with the high roughness, typical of additive manufactured components, promote the crack nucleation. In this paper, the High-Cycle-Fatigue (HCF) behavior of the 17-4 PH stainless steel (SS) was characterized. Cylindrical samples, manufactured via Selective Laser Melting (SLM) with an EOS M280, were tested in the as-build condition through a STEPLab UD04 fatigue-testing machine. In particular, a preliminary quasi-static traction test was performed on a sample to obtain the yield strength (σY = 570 MPa) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS = 1027 MPa). Fatigue tests were performed on samples at different stress levels in order to characterize the whole Stress-Number of cycles (S-N) curve (Wöhler diagram). More specifically, the stair-case method combined with the Dixon approach were exploited to calculate the fatigue limit (σF = 271 MPa). The obtained results were compared with those present in literature for the same material and they are coherent with previous researches
Care workers’ experiences discussing financial issues with families facing end-of-life decisions
Authors: Hopeck Paula
Published: February 2021

Numerous studies have confirmed the presence of financial difficulties for families when a loved one is at the end of life. However, few studies examine the discussions family members have with care workers about financial issues during end of life. The research presented here examines the experiences that care workers have with family members expressing financial concerns and how care workers respond. I conducted in-depth interviews with fifty-eight care workers, defined in this study as clergy, patient advocates, and nurses who had experiences talking with families about financial issues. Transcripts of the interviews served as the data set. I transcribed, coded and analyzed the data. Families talk about financial issues openly, although sometimes guiltily. Some families express difficulties implicitly, and in these cases, care workers often had to piece together information based on other statements and behaviors of the family. Care workers suggest solutions at the interpersonal, organizational, inter-organizational, social, and national levels. Findings also support prior research that it is important for families to have end-of-life discussions before death is imminent so that families may plan accordingly, and offer insights about care workers and their role in making financial discussions easier for families.
An ethnographic study of opioid use disorder in rural Maine: The problem of pain
Authors: Grabowska Weronika , Holden Selma , Wayne Peter M , Kilgore Karen
Published: February 2021

This qualitative study was conducted to more fully understand health care providers and community leaders’ perceptions of the opioid crisis in rural Maine. In 2017, Maine continued to have one of the highest opioid overdose death rates in the country, more than double the national average. I (first author) visited eight treatment centers in Maine providing support and treatment to people recovering form Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), shadowing health care providers. I also attended OUD-related meetings held with community leaders. I conducted a total of 33 semi-structured interviews with health care providers, community leaders, and NGOs in the state of Maine. Three themes emerged integrating observations with semi-structured interviews: i) Impact of emergence of new extended release opioids, their prescription patterns, and culture around them; ii) Subjectivity of pain and importance of understanding psychic injury in OUD treatment; iii) Socio-political context and perception of OUD in Maine. Our society’s perception of pain has deep historical and cultural sources that influence the way that pain has been perceived and treated in the medical setting. Resources beyond the medical environment are needed to address pain adequately.
Living with Parkinson’s disease and connected to the duodopa pump: A qualitative study
Authors: Chacón Gámez Yolanda María , Biller-Andorno Nikola
Published: February 2021

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that has a major impact on the lives of patients and their family caregivers. The duodopa pump is one of the treatments options for advanced PD. The experience of patients with this treatment is largely unexplored, however. This study is based on the experiences of patients with PD as well as their family caregivers using the pump. We take a multimodal approach that includes narrative semi-structured interviews and drawings. This methodology helps participants, particularly those with difficulty articulating themselves, express their experience with the disease and their perception of the treatment. We believe that the use of drawings complementing semi-structured interviews offers additional insights into the participants’ perception of PD and the pump. In this article we focus on the following topics: the participants’ perception of PD and the pump, the reasons for choosing the pump over alternatives, and the advantages and disadvantages of this treatment for patients and family caregivers. Our findings show that the participants consider PD as a complex and unpredictable disease that changed their lives and affect everyone differently, while the pump makes the disease less changeable and more manageable.