bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Grayanane Diterpenoids from the Fruits of Pieris formosa.
Authors: Wu Zhao‐Yuan , Li Hong‐Mei , Li Yuan‐Dan , Li Rong‐Tao
Published: June 2012

Isolation and structure elucidation of pierisformosins E—G (I) and H (II) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Kilogram‐Scale Synthesis of Salidroside and Its Analogues.
Authors: Shi Tianyao , Chen Hui , Jing Linlin , Liu Xueying , Sun Xiaoli , Jiang Ru
Published: June 2012

The procedure for a pilot‐plant‐scale production of salidroside (III) is described for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: New Antitumor Compounds from Carya cathayensis.
Authors: Wu Wei , Bi Xiu‐Li , Cao Jia‐Qing , Zhang Kai‐Qing , Zhao Yu‐Qing
Published: June 2012

The new lignan (I), and three new phenolics, carayensin‐A (II), carayensin‐B (III), and carayensin‐C (IV) are isolated from the shells along with 13 known constituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Interconversion of a Divalent Vanadium Bronze Between δ and β Quasi‐1D Structures.
Authors: Marley Peter M. , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: June 2012

δ‐Ca0.23V2O5·H2O nanowires are prepared hydrothermally from ball‐milled, stoichiometric mixtures of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O or Ca(OAc)2·H2O and V2O (autoclave, water, 250 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of Carbon Nanotubes as a Support Material in Metal‐Based Catalyst Systems: Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Pahmy Rohaya Husny , Mohamed Abdul Rahman
Published: June 2012

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Earth Processes Cause Zr—Hf and Nb—Ta Fractionations, but Why and How?
Authors: Niu Yaoling
Published: June 2012

Review: [37 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: The Relevance of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in Inorganic Materials Chemistry
Authors: Natarajan Srinivasan , Mahata Partha , Sarma Debajit
Published: June 2012

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials Discovery by Flux Crystal Growth: Quaternary and Higher Order Oxides
Authors: Bugaris Daniel E. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: June 2012

Review: 313 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis Methods for Barium Hexaferrite
Authors: Liu Ying , Yin Hong‐sheng , Liu Yue , Sun Kun , Li Yang , Wang Li‐li , Xu Wen‐juan
Published: June 2012

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Blood‐Pool and Targeting MRI Contrast Agents: From Gd‐Chelates to Gd‐Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Gang Ho , Chang Yongmin , Kim Tae‐Jeong
Published: June 2012

Review: about 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: MRI Paramagnetic Probes for Cellular Labeling
Authors: Gianolio Eliana , Stefania Rachele , Di Gregorio Enza , Aime Silvio
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Relaxivity Enhancement in Macromolecular and Nanosized GdIII‐Based MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Botta Mauro , Tei Lorenzo
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide Loaded Zeolites, Clays, and Mesoporous Silica Materials as MRI Probes
Authors: Peters Joop A. , Djanashvili Kristina
Published: June 2012

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Iron(II) Complexes as ParaCEST MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Dorazio Sarina J. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonenzymatic Acylative Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Amines and Related Compounds.
Authors: Krasnov Victor P. , Gruzdev Dmitry A. , Levit Galina L.
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of the Cardiotonic Steroid Glycosides and Related Natural Products.
Authors: Heasley Brian
Published: June 2012

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Carbohydrate 2‐C‐Analogues
Authors: Yin Jian , Linker Torsten
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem One‐Pot Construction of Indoles via Palladium and Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of the Blaise Reaction Intermediate
Authors: Kim Ju Hyun , Lee Sang‐gi
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: From Sequence and Conformational Toward Drug Discovery
Authors: Rezaei‐Ghaleh Nasrollah , Blackledge Martin , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: June 2012

Review: 209 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Patterned Polymer Brushes
Authors: Chen Tao , Amin Ihsan , Jordan Rainer
Published: June 2012

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Guide to Modelling Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Lonsdale Richard , Harvey Jeremy N. , Mulholland Adrian J.
Published: June 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigating Inclusion Complexes Using Quantum Chemical Methods
Authors: Waller Mark P. , Kruse Holger , Mueck‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Grimme Stefan
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
Continuous Synthesis of Peralkylated Imidazoles and their Transformation into Ionic Liquids with Improved (Electro)Chemical Stabilities
Authors: Maton Cedric , De Vos Nils , Roman Bart I. , Vanecht Evert , Brooks Neil R. , Binnemans Koen , Schaltin Stijn , Fransaer Jan , Stevens Christian V.
Published: June 2012

A versatile and efficient method to synthesize tetrasubstituted imidazoles via a one‐pot modified Debus–Radziszewski reaction and their subsequent transformation into the corresponding imidazolium ionic liquids is reported. The tetrasubstituted imidazoles were also synthesized by means of a continuous flow process. This straightforward synthetic procedure allows for a fast and selective synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles on a large scale. The completely substituted imidazolium dicyanamide and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide salts were obtained via a metathesis reaction of the imidazolium iodide salts. The melting points and viscosities are of the same order of magnitude as for their non‐substituted analogues. In addition to the superior chemical stability of these novel ionic liquids, which allows them to be applied in strong alkaline media, the improved thermal and electrochemical stabilities of these compounds compared with conventional imidazolium ionic liquids is also demonstrated by thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Although increased substitution of the ionic liquids does not further increase thermal stability, a definite increase in cathodic stability is observable.
Synthesis of Five‐Membered Cyclic Ethers by Reaction of 1,4‐Diols with Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Aricò Fabio , Tundo Pietro , Maranzana Andrea , Tonachini Glauco
Published: June 2012

The reaction of 1,4‐diols with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a base led to selective and high‐yielding syntheses of related five‐membered cyclic ethers. This synthetic pathway has the potential for a wide range of applications. Distinctive cyclic ethers and industrially relevant compounds were synthesized in quantitative yield. The reaction mechanism for the cyclization was investigated. Notably, the chirality of the starting material was maintained. DFT calculations indicated that the formation of five‐membered cyclic ethers was energetically the most favorable pathway. Typically, the selectivity exhibited by these systems could be rationalized on the basis of hard–soft acid–base theory. Such principles were applicable as far as computed energy barriers were concerned, but in practice cyclization reactions were shown to be entropically driven.
Waste‐Slag Hydrocalumite and Derivatives as Heterogeneous Base Catalysts
Authors: Kuwahara Yasutaka , Tsuji Keita , Ohmichi Tetsutaro , Kamegawa Takashi , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: June 2012

Blast furnace slag (BFS), a high‐volume byproduct resulting from iron‐making processes, can be considered as a low‐cost and abundant precursor for preparing layered double hydroxide (LDH) compounds. Here we demonstrate that a Ca‐based LDH compound (hydrocalumite) synthesized from waste BFS through facile two‐step procedures and its derivatives work as useful heterogeneous base catalysts for multiple chemical reactions including the Knoevenagel condensation, oxidation of alkylaromatics with O2, transesterification, and cycloaddition reaction of epoxides with atmospheric CO2. Structures were verified by using XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. The surface basicity and coordination geometry of the active metal species that substantially affect the catalytic activity were investigated by CO2‐temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements, respectively. These characterization results revealed that the slag‐derived impurity elements, such as Fe, Ti, and Mn, effectively act either as active sites or as catalyst promoters in particular reactions and that the kind of guest counter anion (Cl− or NO3−) also plays a key role for achieving high catalytic efficiencies. In any reaction, the catalyst was easily separated by filtration and recyclable in multiple catalytic runs with retention of its activity and fine selectivity, irrespective of its considerable impurity level. It is believed that the slag‐made hydrocalumite can replace existing LDH catalysts as a low‐cost alternative and potentially contribute to sustainable chemical processes.
NIST/ISAC standardization study: Variability in assignment of intensity values to fluorescence standard beads and in cross calibration of standard beads to hard dyed beads
Authors: Hoffman Robert A. , Wang Lili , Bigos Martin , Nolan John P.
Published: June 2012

Results from a standardization study cosponsored by the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are reported. The study evaluated the variability of assigning intensity values to fluorophore standard beads by bead manufacturers and the variability of cross calibrating the standard beads to stained polymer beads (hard‐dyed beads) using different flow cytometers. Hard dyed beads are generally not spectrally matched to the fluorophores used to stain cells, and spectral response varies among flow cytometers. Thus if hard dyed beads are used as fluorescence calibrators, one expects calibration for specific fluorophores (e.g., FITC or PE) to vary among different instruments. Using standard beads surface‐stained with specific fluorophores (FITC, PE, APC, and Pacific Blue™), the study compared the measured intensity of fluorophore standard beads to that of hard dyed beads through cross calibration on 133 different flow cytometers. Using robust CV as a measure of variability, the variation of cross calibrated values was typically 20% or more for a particular hard dyed bead in a specific detection channel. The variation across different instrument models was often greater than the variation within a particular instrument model. As a separate part of the study, NIST and four bead manufacturers used a NIST supplied protocol and calibrated fluorophore solution standards to assign intensity values to the fluorophore beads. Values assigned to the reference beads by different groups varied by orders of magnitude in most cases, reflecting differences in instrumentation used to perform the calibration. The study concluded that the use of any spectrally unmatched hard dyed bead as a general fluorescence calibrator must be verified and characterized for every particular instrument model. Close interaction between bead manufacturers and NIST is recommended to have reliable and uniformly assigned fluorescence standard beads. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Potentiometric Study of Coated Graphite Electrode and Polymeric Membrane Electrode for the Determination of Sm3+ Ion
Authors: Upadhyay Anjali , Singh A. K. , Jain A. K. , Kumar Gupta Vinod , Bandi Koteswara Rao
Published: June 2012

Preliminary studies on the two Schiff bases N2‐((3H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine (L1) and N2,N4‐bis((3H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine (L2) have shown that they can act as Sm3+ selective electrodes. The performances of a polymeric membrane electrode and a coated graphite electrode based on L2 were compared and the CGE proved to be better, as it shows a low detection limit of 1.8×10−8 mol L−1, a Nernstian slope of 19.6±0.4 mV decade−1 of activity with a response time of 11 s in the pH range of 3.0–9.0. The CGE was used to determine Sm3+ in medicinal plants and soil samples. It was also used to determine fluoride ions in mouthwash samples and in toothpaste.
Hybrid ZnO/SWNT Nanostructures Based Gas Sensor
Authors: Hernández Sandra C. , Kakoullis James , Lim Jae Hong , Mubeen Syed , Hangarter Carlos M. , Mulchandani Ashok , Myung Nosang V.
Published: June 2012

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles decorated single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were electrochemically synthesized where the deposition conditions were systematically explored to tailor the size, density, and microstructure of the ZnO nanoparticles and correlated to the gas sensing performance. Room temperature conductometric detection of various analytes including CO, CO2, NO2, NH3, SO2, H2S with ZnO/SWNT hybrid nanostructures demonstrated uncharacteristic selectivity towards H2S with little to no response for the other analytes examined. Optimal ZnO/SWNTs gas sensor devices showed a significantly increased in H2S sensitivity over unfunctionalized SWNT networks (i.e. 4.96 % per ppmV vs. 0.225 % ppmV) with a lower detection limit in the ppb range. Additionally, the H2S sensing performance was greatly improved by enhancing the crystallinity of ZnO nanoparticles.
Polyaniline‐Modified Silver and Binary Silver‐Cobalt Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yi Qingfeng , Song Lihong
Published: June 2012

Novel dendrite‐like silver particles were electrodeposited on Ti substrates from a supporting electrolyte‐free 30 mmol L−1 Ag(NH3)2+ solution, to synthesize the den‐Ag/Ti electrode. Binary AgxCoy/Ti electrodes with different Ag:Co atomic ratios were further obtained by electrodeposition of Co particles on the den‐Ag/Ti electrode. Polyaniline (PANI) modified den‐Ag/Ti and AgxCoy/Ti electrodes, PANI(n)‐den‐Ag/Ti and PANI(n)‐AgxCoy/Ti, were also obtained by cyclic voltammetry at different numbers of cycles (n) in acidic and alkaline solutions containing aniline, respectively. All these electrodes exhibit high electroactivity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution and their electroactivities follow the order: PANI(15)‐Ag31Co69/Ti>Ag31Co69/Ti>PANI(20)‐den‐Ag/Ti>den‐Ag/Ti. Among them, PANI(15)‐Ag31Co69/Ti displays the highest electrocatalytic activity for ORR with a much positive onset potential of 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a high ORR current density of 1.2 mA cm−2 at −0.12 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The electrocatalysts are electrochemically insensitive to methanol and ethanol oxidation, and, as cathode electrocatalysts of direct alcohol fuel cells, can resist poisoning by the possible alcohol crossover from the anode.
Near‐optimal piecewise linear fits of static pushover capacity curves for equivalent SDOF analysis
Authors: De Luca F. , Vamvatsikos D. , Iervolino I.
Published: June 2012

The piecewise linear (‘multilinear’) approximation of realistic force‐deformation capacity curves is investigated for structural systems incorporating generalized plastic, hardening, and negative stiffness behaviors. This fitting process factually links capacity and demand and lies at the core of nonlinear static assessment procedures. Despite codification, the various fitting rules used can produce highly heterogeneous results for the same capacity curve, especially for the highly‐curved backbones resulting from the gradual plasticization or the progressive failures of structural elements. To achieve an improved fit, the error introduced by the approximation is quantified by studying it at the single‐degree‐of‐freedom level, thus avoiding any issues related to multi‐degree‐of‐freedom versus single‐degree‐of‐freedom realizations. Incremental dynamic analysis is employed to enable a direct comparison of the actual backbones versus their candidate piecewise linear approximations in terms of the spectral acceleration capacity for a continuum of limit‐states. In all cases, current code‐based procedures are found to be highly biased wherever widespread significant stiffness changes occur, generally leading to very conservative estimates of performance. The practical rules determined allow, instead, the definition of standardized low‐bias bilinear, trilinear, or quadrilinear approximations, regardless of the details of the capacity curve shape. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit solvers using stabilized mixed approximation
Authors: Liao Qifeng , Silvester David
Published: June 2012

This paper concerns a new class of robust and efficient methods for solving the Navier–Stokes equations for unsteady incompressible flow. In previous work we established the effectiveness of an implicit time integrator using a stabilized trapezoid rule with an explicit Adams–Bashforth method for error control. The role of the stability of the spatial approximation on the overall accuracy of the implicit solution algorithm is the primary focus here. In particular, the relationship between spatial stabilization and temporal solution accuracy is assessed computationally for the case of the lowest order conforming mixed approximation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Head and neck sarcoidosis, from wait and see to tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Knopf Andreas , Lahmer Tobias , Chaker Adam , Stark Thomas , Hofauer Benedikt , Pickhard Anja , Thürmel Klaus , Bas Murat
Published: June 2012

Background

To suggest treatment modalities with respect to the specific requirements of head and neck sarcoidosis.

Methods

Head and neck sarcoidosis was diagnosed in 31 patients. Treatment regimes comprised wait and see, corticosteroid‐pulse, stable‐dose corticosteroids, or adalimumab.

Results

In all, 21 patients had isolated head and neck sarcoidosis and a further 8 patients showed concomitant pulmonary sarcoidosis. Two patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis developed subsequent head and neck manifestation. Most patients with isolated head and neck sarcoidosis did not receive systemic therapy. None exhibited relapsing disease. Three patients with head and neck manifestation underwent corticosteroid pulse. Complete remission (CR) was detected for all after 5 months. Six patients were treated with stable‐dose corticosteroids. Five of 6 showed CR after 12 months and 1 of 6 patients partial remission (PR) after 24 months. Five of 6 patients exhibited relapses. Two patients underwent adalimumab therapy and showed PR after 65 or CR after 26 months, respectively.

Conclusions

Most patients with head and neck sarcoidosis did not require systemic therapy. We suggest corticosteroid‐pulse therapy for patients with severe head and neck manifestation. Adalimumab might be potent for nonresponder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Clinical determinants of weight loss in patients receiving radiation and chemoirradiation for head and neck cancer: A prospective longitudinal view
Authors: Kubrak Catherine , Olson Kärin , Jha Naresh , Scrimger Rufus , Parliament Matthew , McCargar Linda , Koski Sheryl , Baracos Vickie E.
Published: June 2012

Background

We aimed to determine the effects of systemic inflammation and symptoms of head and neck cancer patients on dietary intake and weight in relation to mode of treatment.

Methods

In all, 38 orally fed patients had intake, weight, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and symptoms prospectively assessed at baseline, post‐treatment, and follow‐up.

Results

Intake/weight declined and CRP increased substantially in chemoirradiation patients (−11.4 ± 5.2 kg, −1214 kcal/day, 23.4 ± 24.9 mg/L; p < .05) versus radiotherapy patients (−3.5 ± 4.8 kg, −483 kcal/day, 8.3 ± 13.9 mg/L) during posttreatment (repeated‐measures ANOVA). Multivariate generalized estimating equations modeling identified reduced swallowing capacity was a key predictor of energy intake in both treatment groups (p < .001); multiple symptoms experienced by radiotherapy/chemoirradiation patients were significant predictors of weight loss; additionally, in chemoirradiation patients, CRP was an independent predictor of weight loss (p < .001).

Conclusions

Treatment of symptoms and systemic inflammation are important clinical targets to manage weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer, especially those treated with chemoirradiation. Head Neck, 2013
Prognostic factors for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma: Importance of the unfit patient
Authors: Smee Robert I. , De–loyde Katie J. , Broadley Kathryn , Williams Janet R.
Published: June 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to define prognostic factors for supraglottic laryngeal cancer that may influence management.

Methods

This ethics‐approved study captured information on patients who presented with supraglottic laryngeal cancer between 1967 and 2008. Endpoints were local/ultimate failure and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Analysis was performed using chi‐square, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to describe time‐to‐event data.

Results

Three hundred sixty‐nine patients were analyzed. Two hundred seventeen patients received radiotherapy, 30 were treated with surgery, and 122 were treated with radiotherapy and surgery. The 5‐year ultimate local control and CSS rates were 79.5% and 62.8%. Treatment type was a univariate predictor for outcome; however, it was not an independent predictor for ultimate local control or CSS.

Conclusions

This study highlights the fact that by documenting information it is possible to define prognostic factors. It also shows the importance of adjusting for clinical predictors such as patients being unfit for surgery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Fiber‐optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES): Predictor of swallowing‐related complications in the head and neck cancer population
Authors: Deutschmann Michael W. , McDonough Alanna , Dort Joseph C. , Dort Erika , Nakoneshny Steve , Matthews T. Wayne
Published: June 2012

Background

The treatment of head and neck cancer is associated with significant dysphagia and morbidity. Prescribing a safe oral diet in this population is challenging.

Methods

Data from 116 consecutive patients having 189 fiber‐optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) examinations over a 3‐year period were analyzed. All patients had been treated for head and neck cancer and subsequently were assessed by FEES. The primary outcome was the incidence of swallowing‐related adverse events resulting from the FEES‐based dietary recommendations.

Results

There were 10 episodes of aspiration pneumonia, 4 episodes of airway obstruction, 3 unanticipated insertions of gastrostomy tubes, and 2 unexplained deaths within the study period. The overall rate of adverse events was 10.1%. The only statistically significant predictor of adverse events was the Rosenbek score (p = .03).

Conclusions

Our experience is that FEES guides appropriate and safe diet recommendations in this population. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Nomogram for selecting thyroid nodules for ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy based on a quantification of risk of malignancy
Authors: Nixon Iain J. , Ganly Ian , Hann Lucy E. , Yu Changhong , Palmer Frank L. , Whitcher Monica M. , Shah Jatin P. , Shaha Ashok , Kattan Michael W. , Patel Snehal G.
Published: June 2012

Background

Our aim through this study was to develop a statistical tool to quantify risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules based on clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound features, which could be used to select which nodules require ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration.

Methods

Clinical records, biochemical profiles, pathology reports, and ultrasound images were reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to rank variables in their ability to predict malignancy.

Results

In all, 190 nodules were reviewed. The final diagnoses were papillary carcinoma in 105 patients (66%), other carcinoma in 8 patients (5%), and benign thyroid pathology in 45 patients (29%). After exclusions, 182 nodules remained for analysis on a per nodule basis. The 8 variables with highest predictive value were: age; thyroid‐stimulating hormone; and ultrasound size, shape, echo texture, calcification, margin, and vascularity. The nomogram had a concordance index of 75%.

Conclusion

We produced a nomogram able to accurately predict the need to perform ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration on a thyroid nodule based on biochemical, clinical, and ultrasound features. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Comparison of national and regional sediment quality guidelines for classifying sediment toxicity in California
Authors: Bay Steven M , Ritter Kerry J , Vidal-Dorsch Doris E , Field L Jay
Published: June 2012

A number of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) have been developed for relating chemical concentrations in sediment to their potential for effects on benthic macroinvertebrates, but there have been few studies evaluating the relative effectiveness of different SQG approaches. Here we apply 6 empirical SQG approaches to assess how well they predict toxicity in California sediments. Four of the SQG approaches were nationally derived indices that were established in previous studies: effects range median (ERM), logistic regression model (LRM), sediment quality guideline quotient 1 (SQGQ1), and Consensus. Two approaches were variations of nationally derived approaches that were recalibrated to California-specific data (CA LRM and CA ERM). Each SQG approach was applied to a standardized set of matched chemistry and toxicity data for California and an index of the aggregate magnitude of contamination (e.g., mean SQG quotient or maximum probability of toxicity) was calculated. A set of 3 thresholds for classification of the results into 4 categories of predicted toxicity was established for each SQG approach using a statistical optimization procedure. The performance of each SQG approach was evaluated in terms of correlation and categorical classification accuracy. Each SQG index had a significant, but low, correlation with toxicity and was able to correctly classify the level of toxicity for up to 40% of samples. The CA LRM had the best overall performance, but the magnitude of differences in classification accuracy among the SQG approaches was relatively small. Recalibration of the indices using California data improved performance of the LRM, but not the ERM. The LRM approach is more amenable to revision than other national SQGs, which is a desirable attribute for use in programs where the ability to incorporate new information or chemicals of concern is important. The use of a consistent threshold development approach appeared to be a more important factor than type of SQG approach in determining SQG performance. The relatively small change in classification accuracy obtained with regional calibration of these SQG approaches suggests that further calibration and normalization efforts are likely to have limited success in improving classification accuracy associated with biological effects. Fundamental changes to both SQG components and conceptual approach are needed to obtain substantial improvements in performance. These changes include updating the guideline values to include current use pesticides, as well as developing improved approaches that account for changes in contaminant bioavailability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 597–609. © 2012 SETAC
Plasma membrane proteomics identifies bone marrow stromal antigen 2 as a potential therapeutic target in endometrial cancer
Authors: Yokoyama Takuhei , Enomoto Takayuki , Serada Satoshi , Morimoto Akiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Ueda Yutaka , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Fujita Masami , Kyo Satoru , Iwahori Kota , Fujimoto Minoru , Kimura Tadashi , Naka Tetsuji
Published: June 2012

This report utilizes a novel proteomic method for discovering potential therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. We used a biotinylation‐based approach for cell‐surface protein enrichment combined with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology using nano liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify specifically overexpressed proteins in endometrial cancer cells compared with normal endometrial cells. We identified a total of 272 proteins, including 11 plasma membrane proteins, whose expression increased more than twofold in at least four of seven endometrial cancer cell lines compared with a normal endometrial cell line. Overexpression of bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) was detected and the observation was supported by immunohistochemical analysis using clinical samples. The expression of BST2 was more characteristic of 118 endometrial cancer tissues compared with 59 normal endometrial tissues (p < 0.0001). The therapeutic effect of an anti‐BST2 antibody was studied both in vitro and in vivo. An anti‐BST2 monoclonal antibody showed in vitro cytotoxicity in BST2‐positive endometrial cancer cells via antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. In an in vivo xenograft model, anti‐BST2 antibody treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth of BST2‐positive endometrial cancer cells in an NK cell‐dependent manner. The anti‐BST2 antibody had a potent antitumor effect against endometrial cancer both in vitro and in vivo, indicating a strong potential for clinical use of anti‐BST2 antibody for endometrial cancer treatment. The combination of biotinylation‐based enrichment of cell‐surface proteins and iTRAQ analysis should be a useful screening method for future discovery of potential therapeutic targets.
Incidence risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or more severe lesions is a function of human papillomavirus genotypes and severity of cytological and histological abnormalities in adult Japanese women
Authors: Hosaka Masayoshi , Fujita Hiromasa , Hanley Sharon JB , Sasaki Takayuki , Shirakawa Yozo , Abiko Mitsuharu , Kudo Masataka , Kaneuchi Masanori , Watari Hidemichi , Kikuchi Kohkichi , Sakuragi Noriaki
Published: June 2012

We examined incidence probabilities of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) or more severe lesions (CIN3+) in 1,467 adult Japanese women with abnormal cytology in relation to seven common human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (16/18/31/33/35/52/58) between April 2000 and March 2008. Sixty‐seven patients with multiple HPV infection were excluded from the risk factor analysis. Incidence of CIN3+ in 1,400 patients including 68 with ASCUS, 969 with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 132 with HSIL without histology‐proven CIN2 (HSIL/CIN2(−)) and 231 with HSIL with histology‐proven CIN2 (HSIL/CIN2(+)) was investigated. In both high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)/CIN2(−) and HSIL/CIN2(+), HPV16/18/33 was associated with a significantly earlier and higher incidence of CIN3+ than HPV31/35/52/58 (p = 0.049 and p = 0.0060, respectively). This association was also observed in LSIL (p = 0.0002). The 1‐year cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of CIN3+ in HSIL/CIN2(−) and HSIL/CIN2(+) according to HPV genotypes (16/18/33 vs. 31/35/52/58) were 27.1% vs. 7.5% and 46.6% vs. 19.2%, respectively. In contrast, progression of HSIL/CIN2(+) to CIN3+ was infrequent when HPV DNA was undetected: 0% of 1‐year CIR and 8.1% of 5‐year CIR. All cervical cancer occurred in HSIL cases of seven high‐risk HPVs (11/198) but not in cases of other HPV or undetectable/negative‐HPV (0/165) (p = 0.0013). In conclusion, incidence of CIN3+ depends on HPV genotypes, severity of cytological abnormalities and histology of CIN2. HSIL/CIN2(+) associated with HPV16/18/33 may justify early therapeutic intervention, while HSIL/CIN2(−) harboring these HPV genotypes needs close observation to detect incidence of CIN3+. A therapeutic intervention is not indicated for CIN2 without HPV DNA.
Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase‐2 in cervical cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Miaoling , Chen Qing , Xiao Jianpeng , Liu Changhao , Zhao Xiaomiao
Published: June 2012

Published data on the prognostic value of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) overexpression in cervical cancer are conflicting and heterogeneous. We performed a meta‐analysis to more precisely estimate its prognostic significance. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects. Twenty‐three studies with 1,477 cervical cancer patients were selected to evaluate the association between COX‐2 and overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), response to chemoradiation (RC) and clinicopathological parameters. High COX‐2 expression predicted poor OS (HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.54–4.18), DFS (HR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.58–3.69) and RC (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.97–4.64). Subgroup analyses showed that COX‐2 overexpression was related significantly with poor OS in patients treated by chemoradiation or surgery, and in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Besides, COX‐2 overexpression was related significantly with poor DFS in chemoradiation subgroup. Furthermore, COX‐2 overexpression was associated with poor RC in patients who received “FP” regimen or “P” regimen. Additionally, there were significant associations between COX‐2 expression and all clinicopathological parameters except tumor grade. The pooled ORs (95% CI) were as follows: 1.49 (1.09–2.04) for age, 1.77 (1.22–2.56) for lymph node metastasis, 1.04 (0.74–1.47) for tumor grade, 1.71 (1.12–2.64) for tumor size, 2.38 (1.28–4.45) for FIGO stage, 3.96 (2.32–6.77) for histological type, 2.45(1.10–5.42) for parametrical involvement. This meta‐analysis indicated that COX‐2 overexpression might be an unfavorable prognostic and a chemoradiation resistance predictive factor for cervical cancer; it could potentially help to stratify patients further in clinical treatment.
Persistence of newly detected human papillomavirus type 31 infection, stratified by variant lineage
Authors: Xi Long Fu , Schiffman Mark , Koutsky Laura A. , He Zhonghu , Winer Rachel L. , Hulbert Ayaka , Lee Shu‐Kuang , Ke Yang , Kiviat Nancy B.
Published: June 2012

Variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 31 have been shown to be related both to risk of cervical lesions and racial composition of a population. It is largely undetermined whether variants differ in their likelihood of persistence. Study subjects were women who participated in the ASCUS‐LSIL Triage Study and who had a newly detected HPV31 infection during a two‐year follow‐up with six‐month intervals. HPV31 isolates were characterized by sequencing and assigned to one of three variant lineages. Loss of the newly detected HPV31 infection was detected in 76 (47.5%) of the 160 women (32/67 with A variants, 16/27 with B variants and 28/66 with C variants). The adjusted hazard ratio associating loss of the infection was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7–2.1) for women with A variants and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2–3.5) for women with B variants when compared with those with C variants. Infections with A and C variants were detected in 50 and 41 Caucasian women and in 15 and 23 African‐American women, respectively. The likelihood of clearance of the infection was significantly lower in African‐American women with C variants than in African‐American women with A variants (p = 0.05). There was no difference in the likelihood of clearance between A and C variants among Caucasian women. Our data indicated that infections with B variants were more likely to resolve than those with C variants. The difference in clearance of A vs. C variants in African‐Americans, but not in Caucasians, suggests a possibility of the race‐related influence in retaining the variant‐specific infection.
Nuclear EGFRvIII‐STAT5b complex contributes to glioblastoma cell survival by direct activation of the Bcl‐XL promoter
Authors: Latha Khatri , Li Ming , Chumbalkar Vaibhav , Gururaj Anupama , Hwang YeoHyeon , Dakeng Sumana , Sawaya Raymond , Aldape Kenneth , Cavenee Webster K. , Bogler Oliver , Furnari Frank B.
Published: June 2012

Aberrant EGFR signaling strongly promotes glioma malignancy and treatment resistance. The most prevalent mutation, ΔEGFR/EGFRvIII, is an in‐frame deletion of the extracellular domain, which occurs in more than 25% of glioblastomas and enhances growth and survival of tumor cells. Paradoxically, the signaling of the potent oncogene ΔEGFR is of low intensity, raising the question of whether it exhibits preferential signaling to key downstream targets. We have observed levels of phosphorylation of STAT5 at position Y699 in cells expressing ΔEGFR that are similar or higher than in cells that overexpress EGFR and are acutely stimulated with EGF, prompting us to investigate the role of STAT5 activation in glioblastoma. Here, we show that in human glioblastoma samples, pSTAT5 levels correlated positively with EGFR expression and were associated with reduced survival. Interestingly, the activation of STAT5b downstream of ΔEGFR was dependent on SFKs, while the signal from acutely EGF‐stimulated EGFR to STAT5b involved other kinases. Phosphorylated STAT5b and ΔEGFR associated in the nucleus, bound DNA and were found on promoters known to be regulated by STAT5 including that of the Aurora A gene. ΔEGFR cooperated with STAT5b to regulate the Bcl‐XL promoter and knockdown of STAT5b suppressed anchorage independent growth, reduced the levels of Bcl‐XL and sensitized glioblastoma cells to cisplatin. Together these results delineate a novel association of nuclear ΔEGFR with STAT5b, which promotes oncogenesis and treatment resistance in glioblastoma by direct regulation of anti‐apoptotic gene, Bcl‐XL.
MiR‐17‐5p targets TP53INP1 and regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells
Authors: Wei Qian , Li Yi‐Xuan , Liu Min , Li Xin , Tang Hua
Published: June 2012

MicroRNAs are a class of small endogenous noncoding RNAs that function as post‐transcriptional regulators. Tumor protein p53‐induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) is a p53 target gene and is a major player in the stress response. Here, we identified TP53INP1 as a target of miR‐17‐5p. miR‐17‐5p suppressed cell growth and promoted apoptosis of cervical cancer cells, whereas the effects of TP53INP1 were opposite, and ectopic expression of TP53INP1 counteracted the suppression of cell growth caused by miR‐17‐5p. The same correlations between miR‐17‐5p and TP53INP1 were observed in cervical cancer tissues. Together, these results indicated that miR‐17‐5p functions as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer cells by targeting TP53INP1. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(8): 697–704, 2012
Dietary Coleus forskohlii extract generates dose‐related hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Virgona Nantiga , Taki Yuko , Yamada Shizuo , Umegaki Keizo
Published: June 2012

Coleus forskohlii root extract (CFE) represented by its bioactive constituent ’forskolin‘ is popularly used as a natural weight‐lowering product, but the association of its use with liver‐related risks is very limited. In the present study, the effect of standardized CFE with 10% forskolin on liver function of mice was examined. Mice were given 0–5% CFE in an AIN93G‐based diet for 3–5 weeks. Food intake, body weights, relative organ weights and liver marker enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] combined with histophatological analysis were assessed. CFE (0–0.5%) only had minimal effects on food intake and body weight whereas a significant difference was observed in mice receiving the highest dose (5% CFE). The extract 0.05–5% dose‐dependently decreased visceral fat weight by between 16% and 63%, and a dose‐dependent several folds increase was observed in liver weights and plasma AST, ALT and ALP activities with quick onset apparent after only 1 week of 0.5% CFE intake. The hepatic effect persisted throughout the 3‐weeks course but was restored towards normalization within 1 week after withdrawal of treatment. Liver histology of mice fed 0.5% CFE for 3 weeks showed hepatocyte hypertrophy and fat deposition. In contrast, none of the hepatic responses measured were altered when mice were given a diet containing pure forskolin alone at the dose corresponding to its content in 0.5% CFE. The present study clearly indicated that forskolin was not involved in the CFE‐induced hepatotoxicity and was caused by other unidentified constituents in CFE which warrants further studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of wnt/β-catenin signaling causes cell fate shift of preosteoblasts from osteoblasts to adipocytes
Authors: Song Lige , Liu Minlin , Ono Noriaki , Bringhurst F Richard , Kronenberg Henry M , Guo Jun
Published: June 2012

Wnt signaling is essential for osteogenesis and also functions as an adipogenic switch, but it is not known if interrupting wnt signaling via knockout of β-catenin from osteoblasts would cause bone marrow adiposity. Here, we determined whether postnatal deletion of β-catenin in preosteoblasts, through conditional cre expression driven by the osterix promoter, causes bone marrow adiposity. Postnatal disruption of β-catenin in the preosteoblasts led to extensive bone marrow adiposity and low bone mass in adult mice. In cultured bone marrow–derived cells isolated from the knockout mice, adipogenic differentiation was dramatically increased, whereas osteogenic differentiation was significantly decreased. As myoblasts, in the absence of wnt/β-catenin signaling, can be reprogrammed into the adipocyte lineage, we sought to determine whether the increased adipogenesis we observed partly resulted from a cell-fate shift of preosteoblasts that had to express osterix (lineage-committed early osteoblasts), from the osteoblastic to the adipocyte lineage. Using lineage tracing both in vivo and in vitro we showed that the loss of β-catenin from preosteoblasts caused a cell-fate shift of these cells from osteoblasts to adipocytes, a shift that may at least partly contribute to the bone marrow adiposity and low bone mass in the knockout mice. These novel findings indicate that wnt/β-catenin signaling exerts control over the fate of lineage-committed early osteoblasts, with respect to their differentiation into osteoblastic versus adipocytic populations in bone, and thus offers potential insight into the origin of bone marrow adiposity. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
17β‐Estradiol regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes in myocardial cells by increasing Nrf2 translocation
Authors: Yu Jiajia , Zhao Yueliu , Li Bingjin , Sun Lili , Huo Hongliang
Published: June 2012

The transcription factor‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important regulator against the process of oxidative stress. It can effectively scavenge oxygen‐free radicals within cells to maintain homeostasis. In this study, we cultured primary myocardial cells, established the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model to simulate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and examined effects of 17β‐estradiol (E2) on the quantitative changes of Nrf2 in cytosolic and nuclear extracts, the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1), superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD), glutathione S transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase amide (GCL) of each model group by Western blot assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, to investigate the effects of E2 against H/R/ injury in cultured myocardial cells. The present study shows that E2 can upregulate Nrf2 in nuclear extracts and increase the expression of HO‐1, Cu/Zn‐SOD, GST, and GCL significantly during H/R injury. Hence, our present findings suggest that E2 exhibits its antioxidant role by upregulating Nrf2 in nuclear extracts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:264–269, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21417
Analysis of phospholipase A2, l‐amino acid oxidase, and proteinase enzymatic activities of the Lachesis muta rhombeata venom
Authors: Campos Lucas Benício , Pucca Manuela Berto , Roncolato Eduardo Crosara , Netto Joaquim Coutinho , Barbosa José Elpidio
Published: June 2012

The study of venom components is an important step toward understanding the mechanism of action of such venoms and is indispensable for the development of new therapies. This work aimed to investigate the venom of Lachesis muta rhombeata and evaluate enzymes related to its toxicity. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), l‐amino acid oxidase (LAAO), and proteinase activities were measured, and the molecular weights were estimated. We found the venom to contain one PLA2 (17 kDa), one LAAO (132 kDa), and three serine proteinases (40, 31, and 20 kDa). Although only serine proteinases were observed in the zymogram, metalloproteinases were found to contribute more to the total proteolytic activity than did serine proteinases. The work confirmed the presence of highly active enzymes; and, moreover, we proposed a novel method for confirming the presence of LAAOs by zymography. We also suggested a simple step to increase the sensitivity of proteinase assays. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:308–314, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21422
SLE with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure
Authors: Yongsiri Somchai , Thammakumpee Jiranuch , Annanon Natthaphon
Published: June 2012

In SLE patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and acute renal failure (ARF), the most common associated renal injury is proliferative lupus nephritis. We report a case of a young SLE patient with DAH and ARF who was successfully treated with a course of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) plus pulse IV cyclophosphamide. Kidney biopsy revealed an alternative diagnosis. J. Clin. Apheresis 27:263–264, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Narcissistic Pathology as Core Personality Dysfunction: Comparing the DSM‐IV and the DSM‐5 Proposal for Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Morey Leslie C. , Stagner Brian H.
Published: June 2012

Narcissistic personality disorder and related concepts have a complex history and have been subject to extensive theoretical discourse but relatively little empirical research. An initial proposal for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) that suggested eliminating this disorder as a discrete personality disorder type met with considerable controversy that ultimately led to its reinstatement in subsequent proposals. Nonetheless, the DSM‐5 proposal for personality disorders as a whole would involve a significantly different formulation of narcissistic personality from that described in DSM‐IV—one that places a greater emphasis on shared deficits among all personality disorders that tap elements thought to fall on the narcissistic spectrum, such as deficits in empathic capacity. This article describes this revised formulation, and presents a case study that illustrates the similarities and differences in the DSM‐IV and proposed DSM‐5 portrayal of narcissistic issues and related clinical problems over the course of a particular treatment.
Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Associated Perfectionism
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Attinà Giovanna
Published: June 2012

Treating narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) successfully is possible but requires a thorough understanding of the pathology and appropriate clinical procedures. Perfectionism is one prominent feature often associated with narcissistic difficulties. Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) for NPD adopts manualized step‐by‐step procedures aimed at progressively dismantling narcissistic processes by first stimulating an autobiographical mode of thinking and then improving access to inner states and awareness of dysfunctional patterns. Finally, adaptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting are promoted, together with a sense of autonomy and agency and a reduction of perfectionistic regulatory strategies. Throughout, there needs to be constant attention to regulation of the therapy relationship to avoid ruptures and maximize cooperation. We describe here a successful case of MIT applied to a man in his early 20's with narcissism, perfectionism, and significant co‐occurrence of Axis I and Axis II disorders.