bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Cold Chain Logistics Operation Mode Under Internet Technology
Authors: Fan Yanling , Li Huihui
Published: July 2021

This article first introduces the theoretical basis and concepts related to cold chain logistics of agricultural products, analyzes the cold chain logistics market of agricultural products and the necessity of developing cold chain logistics, and then finds that there is a lack of overall planning for cold chain logistics of agricultural products. Subsequently, it carried out the “Internet +”-based agricultural product cold chain logistics system planning and based on agricultural product development logistics’ actual situation, and it gave cold chain system optimization suggestions. Finally, a cold chain logistics enterprise for agricultural products is used to construct a cold chain logistics system for agricultural products, including business models, information platforms, and system functions.
Influence of the Positive Slope of the Fire Source on Smoke Control of Tunnel Lateral Smoke Exhaust System
Authors: Chen Yuejing , Zhang Li , Han Xuefeng
Published: July 2021

In order to study the influence of the positive slope of the fire source on the smoke control effect of the lateral smoke exhaust system of the tunnel, this paper established a tunnel fire model, reasonably divided the grid, and controlled variables such as the scale of the fire source, the amount of smoke, and the smoke outlet. Using FDS simulation software, by changing the forward slope of the fire source, study the temperature distribution, CO concentration, and smoke settlement height of the tunnel fire. The simulation shows that the effect of the tunnel lateral smoke exhaust system is different when the fire source is located on different slopes.
Platform of Attitude Monitoring for Freight High Speed Trains
Authors: Wang Jia-xin , Zou Ying , An Yun-tong , Li Peng
Published: July 2021

For freight high speed railways with increasing speed up to 250 km/h, it is vital to monitor the running attitude of the high-speed railways in real time. By reviewing and analyzing the existing train attitude detection technologies at home and abroad, this paper presents a novel platform of attitude monitoring for freight high speed trains. We take the inertial navigation unit as the core unit, and develop a platform system to detect the running attitude detection straightforwardly. Various tests are implemented in the laboratory to validate the platform, demonstrating the superiorities and potentialities in railway applications.
A Traffic Information Awareness Approach Based on Video Data and Millimeter Wave Radar Data Fusion
Authors: Yan Xuefan , Ding Feng , Liu Changjie , Liu Dong
Published: July 2021

In order to solve the problems of using a single radar or video sensor in the traffic information detection process, such as susceptibility to environmental influences and non-intuitive target reflections, we propose a detection method using target correlation matching, target tracking, and target data fusion, and we show how to adjust the detection weights of the video sensor and radar sensor by adjusting the noise matrix parameters, which forms a flexible, simple, and nimble method. The efficient architecture allows accurate results in challenging environments. We show the effect on radar detection data and video detection data before and after adjustment. We test the proposed method by building a hardware verification platform and finally demonstrate it on video images. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the testing time while providing high detection rate in more environments.
Architecture and Key Technologies of Mine Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Junhao Yan , Zongpu Jia
Published: July 2021

As the important equipment of mine production, the level of mine vehicles management has a direct impact on all aspects of production, safety and management of mine. The application of IoV(internet of vehicles) to improve the intelligent level of mine vehicle management is an important part of intelligent mine construction. In order to avoid the problems of scattered development, repeated construction and difficult system integration caused by unclear concept, different objectives, different paths, different system architecture and different technical application emphases in the application of IoV in the mine vehicle management, taking the intelligent coal mine as an example, the concept of MIoV (mine internet of vehicles) is proposed, and its system architecture, key technologies and typical applications are analyzed and discussed. Firstly, on the basis of reviewing the development of intelligent mine and IoV, the concept of MIoV is defined and expounded; secondly, referring to the architecture of IoV and MIoT (mine internet of things), the architecture of MIoV is designed, which is composed of sense and control layer, network layer, service support layer and application layer; the key technologies of MIoV and intelligent mine information system are integrated and analyzed key technologies such as positioning and monitoring, intelligent perception and control, wireless communication, collaborative computing. Finally, from the four aspects of human-vehicle-environment-management, mine vehicle and driver monitoring, mine vehicle automatic driving and driverless, mine safety monitoring based on mine vehicles, mine vehicle intelligent scheduling and other typical application of MIoV are discussed. The research results laid a foundation for the construction of MIoV to promote the in-depth and orderly application of IoV in intelligent mine vehicle management, enrich the technical connotation of MIoT, and accumulate experience for the application of other technology branches of MIoT in intelligent mine construction.
Signal timing optimization design of cross intersection-- A Case study of The intersection of Minzhu South Road and Fengshou Road in Jiaozuo City
Authors: Yang Jiangfan , Zhang Guolong , Li Meiheng
Published: July 2021

The capacity of intersection affects the maximum capacity of road to a certain extent. The traffic capacity of the intersection can be improved to some extent by optimizing and adjusting the parameters of the signal timing model. Taking the cross-type intersection at the intersection of Minzhu South Road and Fengshou Road in Jiaozuo City as the research background, this study optimizes the signal timing design for the current intersection, optimizes the signal timing design by using Webster algorithm, and conducts simulation by using traffic simulation software VISSIM. The results showed that the average delay at the intersection was reduced by nearly seven seconds.
Research and Design of Switch Control Module of Railway Signaling Based on Power Electronics Technology
Authors: Rui Zhang , Yi Peng , YuFeng Tao
Published: July 2021

According to the characteristics of railway operation, and studying the main structure of the interlocking system, a set of railway switch control module suitable is designed by using power electronic technology and modular design. This paper studied on the new-type pure electronic control of switch control circuit. The reliability and safety of the railway switch control module are analyzed by scientific means. Through field tests, it fully proves that the module has the advantage characteristics of small volume, fully functional, and stable performance etc. In a word, it has strong engineering practical value and conforms to the development trend of railway technology.
Research on E-commerce Logistics Information System Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Sun Jie , Fan Yanling
Published: July 2021

With the in-depth research and rapid development and application of “Internet +” big data technology, it has a positive and far-reaching impact on e-commerce logistics, but how to use the advantages of big data technology to serve e-commerce logistics innovation and satisfy the society and customers for its application demand is the focus of current e-commerce logistics service companies. With the support of the Internet of Things technology, it can realize the unified command of the emergency logistics management system, coordinate the deployment of emergency materials, vehicles, and personnel, ensure the efficient development of emergency rescue work, and minimize the impact of sudden disasters on the society and the people.
Design of Intelligent Low Voltage Station System Based on Edge Calculation
Authors: Shuai Guo , Qiong Song Wei , Ji Li , Wen Bu Zhi , Rui Li , Qiang Wang , Fei Mao Hao
Published: July 2021

The low-voltage distribution network field wiring is very complicated and there are many changes in the relationship between households and changes, which brings great difficulties to the topology identification and line loss management of the transformer area. This paper proposed an intelligence low-voltage power system based on edge computing in order to improve the automation level of low-voltage distribution area, and to solve problems such as identification inaccuracy of topological relations in the low-voltage distribution area at present and singleness of condition monitoring parameters in station area, etc. The terminal is implanted with two edge calculation models based on artificial intelligence technology, which can realize topology identification and state parameters monitoring. The multistate parameter monitoring and decision analysis provides functions of event monitoring and early warning of abnormal state for the low voltage distribution system. In the topology identification analysis, the Markov random field was applied to establish the mathematical model of non-oriented graph and the joint probability distribution to describe the correlation between the nodes in the distribution network, thus realizing topology-relation identification of nodes in respective layers of the distribution area. On this basis, taking a low-voltage station as an example, a case analysis was undertaken. It was verified via the effectiveness and accuracy of the intelligence low-voltage station, which lays a foundation for research of the intelligent and fine management of the low voltage station system.
Design and Construction of a Low Cost All-Digital Phase Locked Loop Based on Field Programmable Gate Array
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Wang Shouxiang , He Ruxun , Zhao Qianyu , Wang Kai
Published: July 2021

The phase-locked loop (PLL) is a key element to capture the voltage phase of the grid in power systems with high permeability of new energy sources. An accurate phase information catcher which can be applied in the field can provide a strong support for the control process of the system. This paper constructs a low-cost all-digital PLL (ADPLL) on an embedded field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for real-time (RT) digital simulation. Compared with offline simulation, RT digital simulation can realize hardware-in-loop (HIL) testing of utility connected devices to validate their performance in every working condition, which would not be possible using only experimental tests. Meanwhile, an improved simulation architecture construction method based on Algorithm Architecture Adequation (A-A-A) is presented in this paper. This method further saves the internal hardware resources on the basis of making full use of the parallel computing capability of FPGA. Analysis and experimental results made based on an FPGA ALTERA Stratix V show that the proposed modeling algorithm can achieve both efficiency and accuracy.
Research on Harmful Gas Detection and Alarm System Based on ZigBee Technology
Authors: Li Hong , Chen Furong
Published: July 2021

Based on ZigBee technology, several gas sensors are combined into a monitoring system, which is used in the environment or places with pollution and harmful gas. With the support of ZigBee technology, the gas sensor alarm instrument is used. When the gas data detected by the sensor is greater than the preset value, ZigBee sends a signal to automatically control the opening or closing of related equipment in the internal network, and people receive the alarm signal. So as to solve or reduce the occurrence of human casualties caused by harmful gases. It can also be used to view the real-time data of gas or remote control environment. It can also be connected to the Internet through ZigBee technology to report to the system to solve security problems while alarming.
Calculation Method of Spatial Equilibrium Coefficient for Land Expansion of High Density Building Complex
Authors: Li Zheng , Du Ruixue , Chen Sun
Published: July 2021

The existing calculation methods have the problem of fuzzy characteristics of equilibrium coefficient, which leads to too many iterations in the calculation process. Combined with the normal force climbing effect, the shear stress of the rise and fall angle of the high density building group is obtained. Extract the mathematical characteristics of the equilibrium coefficient based on the space sharing theory, quantify the index data, calculate the equilibrium coefficient of the high density building group, and realize the calculation method design. Experimental results: under the same experimental conditions, the approximate number of iterations of this design method and the existing two calculation methods is 10 ~ 25 times less than the other two calculation methods, which proves that the performance of this design method is better.
Evaluation of High-speed Railway Train Line Plan Based on EMU Routes
Authors: Ruihao Han , Lei Nie , Tianqi Li , Jiaci Wang
Published: July 2021

EMU route is a fixed turnover section for EMU to take on transportation tasks. As an important transportation resource in high-speed railway transportation, EMU’s operation level directly affects the railway transportation cost. Therefore, evaluating the train line plan (TLP) based on EMU routes would be of great significance in further optimization and improvement of the high-speed railway TLP. This paper optimized the evaluation process of TLP by adding EMU routes evaluation stage. After analyzing differences and relations of indicator systems in different evaluation stages, construct evaluation indicator system related to EMU Routes. Therefore, the evaluation system of TLP based on EMU routes is implemented using C#. Eventually the effectiveness about indicators and evaluation system are validated by a case.
Research on Open Vehicle Routing Problem based on Multi-Objective and Multi-Constrain Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Shi-yue Wang
Published: July 2021

With the advancement of urbanization, the efficiency of take-out delivery has become one of the focuses of urban residents. In order to comprehensively meet the needs of both the delivery system managers and the delivery customers, this paper designs a multiobjective and constraint linear programming model that takes into account the minimum total cost of delivery and is based on the timeliness of delivery to maximize customer satisfaction. At the same time, considering the high concurrency of customers’ demands for delivery, this paper designs a set of multi-objective multi-constraint genetic algorithm based on the control evolution direction, which is carried out in feasible domain first, and then to the optimal solution, and elaborates the constraint control evolution operator and sorting operator. Finally, an example is given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm, and a new efficient solution method is proposed for the delivery route planning problem.
Development Strategies of Drop and Pull Transportation Based on SWOT Analysis
Authors: Wu Pengsheng , Zheng Han
Published: July 2021

With the rapid development of economy, the demand of road transportation is increasing day by day. On the other hand, with the continuous progress of road conditions and vehicle technology, drop and pull transportation, an advanced form of freight transportation organization, is getting more and more attention from government departments and transportation enterprises. Based on the SWOT analysis, the development status and problems of China’s drop and pull transportation were researched deeply. Combined with the advantages of China’s Information and Communication Technology and big data technology, some reasonable suggestions were put forward for the development of drop and pull transportation from the aspects of vehicle technology, freight source organization and informatization. It is hoped that drop and pull transportation will become more intensive, efficient and environmentally friendly.
Selection of cargo transit nodes based on node split
Authors: Chen Xiuquan , Wang Zhimei
Published: July 2021

This paper studies the express train transportation organization to ensure that the cargo can be delivered in the shortest time. Based on this, this paper makes the following research: By comparing the characteristics of express cargo and the characteristics of its transportation, the time value of express cargo is studied. This paper analyzes the transportation organization of the express train, introduces the organization of the express train, and divides it into direct trains and transit trains to analyze the transportation organization process. Then, the model of the express train transfer node selection model is established. The model is based on the minimum cost of the train and the sum of the unit mileage cost and the time cost. The conditions for the delivery of various cargo, transportation capacity and traffic flow are constrained. The model and the solution ideas are proposed. The above model is verified by constructing a virtual network and formulating reasonable data. Finally, the stop nodes of each express train are obtained, and the correctness of the model is verified.
The Design of Intelligent Passenger Organization System (IPOS) for Metro Stations Based on Anylogic
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Wu Jiayuan , Wang Ruiwei
Published: July 2021

Passenger organization has always been an essential part of China’s metro operation and management. Facing the massive passenger flow, stations need to improve their intelligence and automation degree by an appropriate integrated system. Based on the existing Integrated Supervisory Control System (ISCS) and simulation software (Anylogic), this paper designs an Intelligent Passenger Organization System (IPOS) for metro stations. Its primary function includes passenger information acquisition, data processing and computing, visualization management, decision recommendations, and decision response based on interlocking equipment. For this purpose, the logical structure and intelligent algorithms employed are particularly devised. Besides, the structure diagram of information acquisition and application module, the application of Anylogic, the case library’s function process are all given by this research. Based on the secondary development of Anylogic and existing technologies like video recognition, the IPOS is supposed to improve the response speed and address capacity in the face of emergent passenger flow of metro stations.
Influencing factor analysis of car-sharing demand based on point of interest data
Authors: Dong Huimin , Yang Xiaobao , Wang Wencheng
Published: July 2021

The rise of car-sharing can make full use of road space resources, alleviate traffic congestion and reduce traffic energy consumption. However, due to the failure to accurately predict the demand distribution of car-sharing, there are a lot of empty driving phenomena in vehicle scheduling, which leads to the economic losses of car-sharing operators. Existing studies show that the point of interest has a significant impact on urban residents’ travel, but few of them study the quantitative relationship between interest points and shared car orders. Based on this, using the order data of car-sharing in Beijing, this paper establishes a negative binomial model of travel demand and density of different kind of points of interest, and analyzes their relationship. The analysis found that users tend to use car-sharing to go to leisure places. In areas where public transportation is underdeveloped, people will use car-sharing more. The methodology of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for sharing automobile enterprises to develop new operation areas and select reasonable car sharing stations.
Urban Traffic Planning and Traffic Flow Prediction based on ulchis gravity model and Dijkstra algorithm
Authors: Wu Zhizhu , Huang Mingxia , Zhao Aiping , lan Zhixun
Published: July 2021

Traffic flow forecast is the basic content of urban traffic planning, its planning will play an important role in the development of small towns. Therefore, this paper takes Nanliang town as an example, analyzes the topography of Nanliang Town, and then makes planning on the functional zoning and spatial structure, the layout of various types of land and road network, On this basis, the “four stage” demand forecasting method is used to study the development of Nanliang town’s traffic demand. The original unit method and ulchis gravity model are used to predict the trip generation, the trip attraction and the distribution of traffic volume. The Dijkstra algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path. After that, the all-or-nothing assignment method and the improved multi-path Logit method were respectively adopted to allocate the space OD amount of various travel modes to the specific road network, and the traffic flow distribution results under the two allocation methods are obtained respectively. According to the distribution result chart, it can show that the improved multi-path Logit method is closer to the reality, it can provide theoretical support for the study of urban traffic demand.
Experimental research on cyclic impact load of concrete during curing period
Authors: Chen Chen , Xiaoyi Liu , Jianxin Yu , Pan Liu , Min Guo
Published: July 2021

In order to study the influence of cyclic impact load on the compressive strength of concrete during the curing period, we used a self-made drop-weight impact test device to conduct a daily impact test on C40 concrete specimens with a curing period of 28 days. At the same time, the longitudinal wave velocity test of the test block before and after the impact was carried out, and the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete test block was finally measured. The results show that the cyclic impact load during the curing period will cause internal damage to the concrete, and the uniaxial compressive strength is significantly reduced; the acoustic wave test results show that the damage of the concrete under the impact energy of 11.76kJ, 5.88kJ, 7.84kJ, and 8.82kJ is 0.035, 0.022, 0.031, 0.031. The uniaxial compressive strength values after 28 days decreased by 11.93, 4.68, 7.6, 10.23 MPa. There is a positive correlation between impact load, damage and reduction in compressive strength.
Damage Identification Based on the Loaded Frequency Changes and Deep Learning for Bridge
Authors: Ren Yangyang , Ye Yi
Published: July 2021

Frequency is widely used in damage identification as the dynamic characteristic parameter with the simplest measurement method and the highest measurement accuracy, but the frequency changes are nonunique parameters of damage location for the symmetrical structure. To improve the method of damage location identification based on frequency changes for bridge, the bridge damage identification network based on loaded frequency changes and deep learning theory is proposed by introducing the moving vehicle detection method. A continuous beam example is used for testing, and the test results show that the identification network based on the bridge load frequency changes and the Stacked Denoising Auto-Encoder(SDAE) network can effectively locate the damage of bridge, which enables the frequency changes data to overcome the nonunique limitation of the symmetrical structure, enhances the expression ability of the parameters and improves the effectiveness and the anti-noise property of bridge damage location identification.
Urban smart transportation based on big data
Authors: Liu Mai
Published: July 2021

Traffic congestion has become more and more serious in the last decade. Because of the backward transportation system, it is impossible to analyze the large amount of feedback data. At the present stage, the development trend of big data is gradually emerging, and traffic problems are taken as the starting point. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the methods of big data to improve traffic congestion. In this paper, the development status of intelligent transportation based on big data is mainly described. In combination with Hadoop technology, positioning data acquired by on-board terminals is taken as an example for analysis, and the driving radius and driving distance map are experimented. It is of great significance to study the application of big data platform based on Hadoop technology in the transportation industry. A large number of data resources and low-cost big data technology can be effectively utilized to promote the development of transportation, thus promoting social development and progress.
A study of Guangzhou road network and public transport based on betweenness evaluation
Authors: Zhang Haiye
Published: July 2021

This paper introduces the intermediate concept in the topology structure, analyzes the road network in Guangzhou, and proves that the intermediate index of the road section has a positive relationship with the number of bus lines. By comparing the situation under different search distances, it is found that the fit advantage increases rapidly with the increase of search distance in the stage of search distance, which reflects that the intermediate index of the segment needs to show advantage in a certain scale range to make sense. When the search distance reaches more than 5km, the growth trend of fit excellence slows down and reaches a maximum in the 8km to 12km range, before starting to fall back. This reflects the fact that for conventional public transport, it is not necessary for the road section to show an intermediate advantage on too large a scale.
Research on Safety Factors of Transportation Vehicles in Yuntai Mountain Scenic Area Based on Hypothesis Test
Authors: Shuiwang Jing , Kefeng Wang
Published: July 2021

The human factor has always been the main factor causing transportation safety. In order to prevent and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents due to objective reasons, this paper adopts the one-way analysis of variance and two-factor analysis of variance in the hypothesis test, from the Yuntaishan intelligent 4G equipment It extracts the two dimensions of fatigue driving and distraction to alarm, and conducts data analysis and research on the relationship between time period, week, and vehicle speed and driving safety. Studies have shown that the P values of fatigue driving and distraction in different weeks, different speeds, and different time periods are far less than 0.05, and there is a significant difference.
A novel hybrid drone for multi-propose aerial transportation and its conceptual optimization based on surrogate approach
Authors: Yue Hao , Medromi Hicham , Ding Hua , Bassir David
Published: July 2021

In recent years the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly adopted in various applications of the aerial transportation, meanwhile both the two main classifications, the fixed wing and multi-rotors drones, are limited by their own drawbacks in different specialized domains. In order to improve the short duration of multi-rotor drone and the strict conditions for taking-off and landing of the fixed-wing, an innovative hybrid UAV with integral advantages of “delta+canard wing” and vertical lift-fans has been developed. Meanwhile, the parametrial optimization with multi-objects are discussed based on surrogate model to determine the conception of the delta wing and canard wing, and only the design speed of cruise model is considered, thus excluding the lift fan. Firstly, several parameters are chosen according to precedent experiences and researches, together with the optimal objects and constraint conditions determined by design conditions which are concluded into the typical multi-objective optimal problem; secondly, with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) limited design points generated by meta-model will make up the design of experiment (DOE) to create the response surfaces by means of Kriging method; lastly, the adaptation of the multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA) integrating in modeFRONTIER helps to reach the heuristic approach optimization for this problem. Therefore, the final conception of the delta wing and canard wing is achieved to perform the cruise model of the hybrid UAV.
Study on the minimum fleet size based on deadheading time threshold
Authors: hui Zhai , yong Zhang
Published: July 2021

By integrating travel demand and car-hailing supply information, the car-hailing platforms have realized a more targeted non-cruise mobile order receiving mode. That reduces the deadheading (DH) time and the number of online car-hailing vehicles. This result will lead to a significant change in the number of online car-hailing vehicles. This paper studies the minimum fleet size based on deadheading time threshold. Then Then we use Suzhou taxi data to solve the minimum number of vehicles. Firstly, the space-time description of online car-hailing operation was established to study the influence of the DH time threshold on the total number of vehicles. The results show that the total number of vehicles decreases with the increase of the DH time threshold, and the trend tends to be gentle. Secondly, this paper discusses the relationship between the time cost of passenger and driver and the DH time threshold. Thirdly, this paper discussed the influence of the number of car-hailing platforms on the total number of vehicles, and it proves that the total number of vehicles in the multi-platform market is larger than that monopolized by a single platform. Finally, the feasibility of the research is verified by using Suzhou taxi data. Meanwhile, it proves that the minimum total number of vehicles has a certain robustness.
System Architecture and Key Technologies for the Whole Life Cycle of Smart Road
Authors: Liu Zhen , Gu Xingyu , Chen Yihan , Chen Yizheng
Published: July 2021

Aimed at the “smart individual” of the road, the functional and performance requirements in the process of Planning, Construction, and Maintenance for the whole life cycle of Smart Road is analyzed. Next, BIM, GIS, IoT, Big Data and AI and other advanced information technologies are integrating these technologies into the life-cycle management of smart road in this paper. Therefore, the “three-layer” logical architecture model is conducted. Then, according to the knowledge of Bionics, Smart Road is compared to a smart individual. The critical technologies needed for the SR life cycle system are analyzed based on the key elements required for the growth and development of intelligent individuals. Finally, the implementation scheme and process are analyzed in detail, which provides a reference for future SRs researchers.
IDENTIFICATION AND VERIFICATION OF VEHICLE DRIVE AND STEERING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Zhu Baoquan , Lin Ying , Zhao Qiang , Du Ying , Yu Lele
Published: July 2021

Through the analysis of vehicle driving characteristics and steering dynamics, the system identification of vehicle driving performance and steering performance and the identification of driver types are obtained. Using MATLAB software, by analyzing the relationship between speed and engine speed, the specific gear selected by the driver at a certain time is determined, and the throttle percentage and speed amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the gear are estimated by TFESTIMATE. The driving characteristics of each gear of the experimental vehicle are obtained. According to the values of steering wheel angle, vehicle lateral acceleration and real-time speed, the corresponding law of vehicle lateral acceleration changes and steering wheel angle changes under different speed is obtained by using transfer function identification.
True Triaxial Study on Aeolian Sand Subgrade
Authors: Du Chenyan , Ma Zhigang , Li Xuefeng
Published: July 2021

The drained shear tests of aeolian sand in Tengger Desert were carried out by using the British GDS true triaxial apparatus, and the shear strength and stress-strain relationships of aeolian sand were studied under the conditions of constant average principal stress and different intermediate principal stress coefficients. The test results showed that the variation trends of principal strains in the three principal stress directions were correlated with the variation of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, and the stress-strain relationships in the three principal strain directions were hardening type. With the increase of intermediate principal stress coefficients, the shear strength of the specimen decreased, and the peak value of shear strength was the lowest when b = 0.8.
Research on the Choice of Multimodal Transportation Emission Reduction Schemes Based on Different Carbon Tax Models
Authors: Wang Xiao Ning , Cui Zi Yu , Liu Min Zhuang , Wang Li Fen
Published: July 2021

Different carbon tax collection methods have an important impact on the emission reduction effect of multimodal transportation. In the entire chain transportation process of containerized cargo multimodal transportation, the generalized external cost is considered to establish the total utility model of multimodal transportation. Based on the optimal carbon tax rate, we studied the impact of single tax rate and progressive tax rate on carbon emissions of multimodal transportation schemes. Also, the Tianjin-Weihai section of the Bohai Rim Economic Circle is used for example analysis. The results of the study found that under different carbon tax starting points, the cost of electronic goods can be reduced by 80-200 yuan per ton, and the carbon emissions can be reduced by 350-600 tons. The effect of reducing emissions is also different for different cargo values. By adjusting the structure of cargo transportation, an optimal multimodal transportation plan considering carbon tax is proposed to provide a basis for carbon tax policy formulation and implementation.
Train Collision Risk Index for Anti-collision Assessment and Early Warning Method Based on Neural Network
Authors: Jun-ting Lin , Hai-bin Wang , Hua-dian Liang , Xiao-qin Min
Published: July 2021

Collision Risk Index is used as the criteria for measuring collision occurrence. This paper introduces Collision Risk Index into the field of rail transit after analyzing the rationality and feasibility to analyze the collision problems in the train operation process. By establishing train running position models to analyze the problems of rear-end collision and side impact in the two states. Basing on the truly driving data about train 681of Beijing Metro Line 5, the relative position distance between the front and rear cars, the running speed of the front and rear cars, the safe distance of the train as the main inputs, the Collision Risk Index is defined as the output with the collision time of 20s. Back Propagation, Elman, Radial Basis Function neural network models are established in MATLAB, for simulation training and compare the performance between these models. The simulation results show that: The fastest training speed of RBF neural network is 4 seconds, and the minimum MSE is 0.0016; therefore, the model established by training can be used to evaluate the train collision risk index and provide early warning information in time, which could provide a reference for the collision avoidance strategy in the field of rail transit.
Traffic flow interaction mechanism and Facility design at signalized intersections
Authors: HeKun  , Yuan Zhenzhou
Published: July 2021

In China’s urban traffic, mixed traffic is a basic feature. Especially at urban intersections, the phenomenon of non-mixed traffic is more serious. At many intersections in our country, due to the different characteristics of traffic flow, there are various interactions between motor vehicle traffic flow and non-motor vehicle traffic flow. This paper analyzes the interaction principle between motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles at intersections. It is found that the expansion characteristics of non-motor vehicles at intersections have a certain influence on the straight-going non-motor vehicles, and the interference degree is defined as an index to measure the influence of non-motor vehicle on motor vehicle. Finally the paper proposes corresponding solutions to improve the safety and operation efficiency of intersections.
Preparation Process and Early Working Performance of Inorganic Polymer-based Fast-hardening Concrete
Authors: Wei Xia , Jinyu Xu , Gaojie Liu , Yingjie Yuan
Published: July 2021

For the purpose of delving deep into the preparation process and early working performance of inorganic cementitious composite material, and analyzing its application prospect in pavement emergency repair, the slag, fly ash and silica fume are used as solid cementitious materials, and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are used as alkali-activators to prepare inorganic polymer-based fast-hardening concrete (IPFC). The early working performance of the specimens with different contents of slag, fly ash and silica fume were compared and analyzed. The results show that, all the kinds of concrete mixtures have good fluidity, cohesiveness and water retentiveness. The addition of fly ash and silica fume can prolong the initial setting time of concrete, and the higher the content, the longer the extension time. And the slump of the mixture is inhibited by the addition of fly ash. When the content of fly ash is 15%, the slump of the mixture decreases by 19.2%. However, silica fume can improve the slump of the mixture. When the content of silica fume is 15%, the slump of the mixture increases by 19.1%.
Study on the choice of transportation mode in Zheng-Jiao Transportation Corridor
Authors: Yang Ting , Zhang Danyi , Guo Jingwei
Published: July 2021

In order to study travelers’ choice of different travel modes, quantitative analysis of travelers’ travel behavior preferences can effectively choose the most effective way to travel. Based on the influencing factors of travel mode, the safety index, economic index, speediness index and convenience index of the choice of travel mode are proposed. According to the principle of utility maximization, the multiple Logit model is used to calculate the sharing rate of each travel mode in the transportation channel. Taking the transportation passage from Zhengzhou to Jiaozuo as an example, this paper makes an empirical analysis to study the traveler’s choice of intercity bus and intercity railway.
Research on Multi-objective Shared Parking Matching Decision Based on Two-side Matching
Authors: Fuqiang Jia , Yinzhen Li , Changxi Ma , Cunjie Dai
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to find a reasonable method for matching shared parking spaces. The travelers and the parking space sharing party are regarded as two separate subjects, and the matching of parking spaces is regarded as a two-side matching. The final parking space matching result belongs to the stable matching of the bipartite graph and the existence of Nash equilibrium is proved by the knowledge of graph theory. A multi-objective decision-making model for shared parking space matching based on two-side matching is established on the basis of considering the benefits of travelers and parking providers. The multi-objective model is transformed into a single-objective assignment model using weighting coefficients with adjustment parameters, and the corresponding solution algorithm is designed. Finally, an example is used to verify the rationality and feasibility of the established model. The results show that the parking space matching problem under sharing conditions belongs to the category of two-side matching. When the benefits of both parties are fully considered, the matching results obtained are relatively stable.
Biohybrid generators based on living plants and artificial leaves: influence of leaf motion and real wind outdoor energy harvesting
Authors: Meder Fabian , Armiento Serena , Naselli Giovanna Adele , Thielen Marc , Speck Thomas , Mazzolai Barbara
Published: July 2021

Plants translate wind energy into leaf fluttering and branch motion by reversible tissue deformation. Simultaneously, the outermost structure of the plant, i.e. the dielectric cuticula, and the inner ion-conductive tissue can be used to convert mechanical vibration energy, such as that produced during fluttering in the wind, into electricity by surface contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Constraining a tailored artificial leaf to a plant leaf can enhance oscillations and transient mechanical contacts and thereby increase the electricity outcome. We have studied the effects of wind-induced mechanical interactions between the leaf of a plant (Rhododendron) and a flexible silicone elastomer-based artificial leaf fixed at the petiole on power output and whether performance can be further tuned by altering the vibrational behavior of the artificial leaf. The latter is achieved by modifying a concentrated mass at the tip of the artificial leaf and observing plant-generated current and voltage signals under air flow. In this configuration, the plant-hybrid wind-energy converters can directly power light-emitting diodes and a temperature sensor. Detailed output analysis has revealed that, under all conditions, an increase in wind speed leads to nearly linearly increased voltages and currents. Accordingly, the cumulative sum energy reaches its highest values at the highest wind speed and resulting oscillations of the plant-artificial leaf system. The mass at the tip can, in most cases, be used to increase the voltage amplitude and frequency. Nevertheless, this behavior was found to depend on the individual configuration of the system, such as the leaf morphology. Analysis of these factors under controlled conditions is crucial for optimizing systems meant to operate in unstructured outdoor scenarios. We have established, in a first approach, that the artificial leaf-plant hybrid generator is capable of autonomously generating electricity outdoors under real outdoor wind conditions, even at a low average wind speed of only 1.9 m s−1.
Time- and ensemble-average statistical mechanics of the Gaussian network model
Authors: Lapolla Alessio , Vossel Maximilian , Godec Aljaž
Published: July 2021

We present analytical results for a set of time- and ensemble-averaged physical observables in the non-Hookean Gaussian network model (GNM)—a generalization of the Rouse model to elastic networks with links that display a certain degree of extensional and rotational stiffness. We focus on a set of coarse-grained observables that may be of interest in the analysis of GNM in the context of internal motions in proteins and mechanical frames in contact with a heat bath. A C++ computer code is made available that implements all analytical results.
Novel Si/SiGe fin on insulator fabrication on bulk-Si substrate
Authors: Li Yongliang , Zhao Fei , Liu Haoyan , Cheng Xiaohong , Zan Ying , Li Junjie , Luo Jun , Wang Wenwu
Published: July 2021

In this paper, novel Si/SiGe fin on insulator (FOI) structure fabrication on bulk-Si substrate is systematically explored. A notched Si/SiGe fin etching is first achieved by using a novel three-step etching after a high-quality of SiGe layer epitaxially grown is realized on a Si substrate by optimizing the epitaxial process. To fabricate the Si/SiGe FOI structure, isolation of upper Si/SiGe fin above the notch is investigated by a direct rapid thermal anneal (RTA) oxidation scheme, spike anneal post SiGe fin reveal scheme, and SiN spacer protection scheme. It is found that all these three schemes can achieve the upper Si/SiGe isolation at the notch location, but the direct RTA oxidation scheme suffers the issue of serious oxidation of SiGe fin because SiGe is more easily oxidized than Si in O2 ambient. Furthermore, compared with the direct oxidation scheme, the spike anneal post SiGe fin reveal scheme can attain an obvious better SiGe fin profile. However, there is still a minor lateral loss of SiGe fin caused by the oxidation of SiGe fin due to the residual O2 in N2 ambient. The SiN film covering the revealed SiGe fin before spike anneal treatment may be an effective solution to avoid the oxidation of SiGe fin. Meanwhile, SiN spacer protection scheme by employing a SiN spacer post the step-I etching of the three-step etching can realize the Si/SiGe FOI structure and protect the upper SiGe fin from oxidation during the low-temperature RTA oxidation process. Therefore, using the SiN film or spacer to protect SiGe from oxidation is a necessary way to fabricate the Si/SiGe FOI structure. Meanwhile, the SiN spacer protection scheme with a relative low temperature RTA isolation oxidation is a prefer choice compared with the spike anneal post SiGe fin reveal scheme.
Complex formation of sodium-mercury alloy at molten state
Authors: Panthi N , Bhandari I B , Koirala I
Published: July 2021

Thermodynamic properties of compound forming binary liquid sodium-mercury alloy at temperature 673 K have been analyzed as a function of concentration by considering

NaHg

2

complex using quasi chemical approximation. The surface tension of the alloy has been studied by the compound formation model, Butler equation as improved by Kaptay, and Statistical mechanical approach. The mixing behavior of the alloy is studied in detail with more emphasis on the interaction energy parameters between neighboring atoms of the alloy. The study provides the information of moderately interacting as well as ordering nature on the entire range of concentration of the liquid alloy and the computed theoretical thermodynamic data are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data at 673 K. The surface tension of the alloy computed predicts deviation from the ideal case.
Ingestible devices for long-term gastrointestinal residency: a review
Authors: Mau Musharrat Mustaree , Sarker Sunandita , Terry Benjamin S
Published: July 2021

Ingestible devices have been gaining attention from the medical community due to their noninvasive use in diagnostics and treatment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, their passive locomotion limits their GI residency period. Ingestible sensors residing in the GI tract are capable of providing continuous data, while long-acting ingestible drug delivery systems can reduce medication nonadherence. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art, long-term ingestible devices (LTIDs). Additionally, this review summarizes the current status of ingestible devices that persist in the GI tract for a prolonged period, as well as their inhabitance mechanisms and applications. Also included are relevant information about the GI structure and design considerations for understanding the significance and challenges associated with LTIDs. Finally, we discuss several potential applications of the LTIDs for therapeutic intervention in the GI tract and monitoring the physiology and pathophysiology of the GI tract for an extended period.
Real entropy rigidity under quasi-conformal deformations
Authors: Filom Khashayar
Published: July 2021

We set up a real entropy function

h

R

h_\Bbb {R}

on the space

M

d
′

\mathcal {M}’_d

of Möbius conjugacy classes of real rational maps of degree

d
d

by assigning to each class the real entropy of a representative

f
∈

R

(
z
)

f\in \Bbb {R}(z)

; namely, the topological entropy of its restriction

f

↾

R

^

f\restriction _{\hat {\Bbb {R}}}

to the real circle. We prove a rigidity result stating that

h

R

h_\Bbb {R}

is locally constant on the subspace determined by real maps quasi-conformally conjugate to

f
f

. As examples of this result, we analyze real analytic stable families of hyperbolic and flexible Lattès maps with real coefficients along with numerous families of degree

d
d

real maps of real entropy

log
⁡
(
d
)

\log (d)

. The latter discussion moreover entails a complete classification of maps of maximal real entropy.