bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSPECTIVE OF ETHICAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: Al-Delaimy Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Advanced biotechnology should be paralleled with advancing ethics to address its implications. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, ethics of research and advanced biotechnology is not well-developed among scientists. There is also a lack of religious scholars’ knowledge about advancing technology to make 'fatwa' (religious edict in Islam) to the public regarding the use of such biotechnology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of scientists and religious scholars in Iraq regarding the ethics and religious perspectives of different biotechnology experiments. A convenient non-probability sampling cross-sectional study was carried out in Iraq to figure out the Islamic and scientific scholar's views on technological advances in science including stem cell research, cloning, genetically modified crops, human gene editing, smartphone technology for health services and other advances in biotechnology research. A sample size of 125 science and 34 Islamic scholars were recruited from universities. Face to face interviews was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics include the use of frequencies, and means, to present the results. Among 159 science and Islamic scholars only (18.2%) think religion can help using such technology by giving guidance and advice. A majority (52.8%) think unexpected and unknown results are the most important ethical questions in such research. Participants heard the most about vegetable genetic modification biotechnology (80.5%) while only (31.4%) heard about mosquito gene modification. The risk of environmental corruption was the most important ethical challenge among scholars (42.6%). More than one-third (35.8%) of participants believed that faith and religious belief have an impact on such biotechnologies but they also said no specialized individual is dealing with such research. Furthermore, (41.5%) of them think it is important for the public to know about ethical matters related to biotechnology research to protect their health and future. There are misconceptions and a lack of information about the ethical issues concerning advanced biotechnology experiments among science researchers and Islamic scholars. However, there was awareness of ethical challenges related to some of these technologies.
THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICS IN THE STEM STUDIES
Authors: Tuneski Nikola
Published: June 2022

Mathematics plays an important role in each STEM studies. Here, certain observations and conclusions about the role of mathematics in the STEM studies will be described and some specifics will be pointed out. Modern trends in teaching mathematics for ``non-mathematicians'' are described and the content of corresponding mathematical courses are given.
Upgrading the Feller-Delimber-Crosscutter Mechanism of a Forest Harvester
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Rukomojnikov Konstantin P. , Tsarev Evgeny М. , Anisimov Sergey E. , Tatarinov Denis S. , Kuptcova Viktoriia O. , Gilyazova Tatiana A.
Published: June 2022

There is an annual increase in the number of modern forestry machines at logging enterprises both in Russia and in foreign countries. At the same time, the fleet of forestry machines is becoming more diverse and multifunctional, and their manufacturers, competing for market outlets, find themselves interested in constant upgrading of existing and development of new design and technological solutions. The research is aimed at finding a new engineering solution that will allow along with harvesting high-quality logs to perform their partial debarking without a significant reduction in the processing speed. The effective result is achieved by the fact that the proposed new method of processing tree trunks provides the possibility of timber barking in strips, i.e. removing the bark from a fallen tree along its entire length, as well as bast removal (partially or completely). The method involves, as in the traditional model of harvesting (processing) head functioning, crosscutting of the trunk by the sawing mechanism and delimbing by delimbing knives. This leads to accelerated natural drying of wood during its storage in the warehouses and significantly increases the floatability of thin coniferous logs during their further timber floating. The implementation of the proposed option of harvesting debarked timber at the logging site and the working body of harvesters (processors) to carry out such harvesting will increase the share of logging waste at the logging site. The design of the new harvesting (processing) head does not require significant financial expenses for its upgrading. The design of the new harvester head allows the logs to be barked in strips along the entire length. Additional drive of working mechanisms is not required. This will enable the implementation of rough debarking with minimal financial costs already at the stage of logging operations and increase the efficiency of logging and timber processing enterprises.
Cellulose Hydrolysis Using Hydrogen Chloride Gas-Air Mixtures
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Pimenov Sergey D. , Mzokov Georgy V. , Sizov Alexander I.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a common product used in pharmaceutical, food and other industries. MCC is obtained by liquid-phase hydrolysis of cotton or wood bleached pulp with diluted 0.5–10.0 % mineral acids at a temperature of 100–140 °C. This process requires significant consumption of acid, water, and heat energy. Production of MCC in general is very expensive, which determines its high cost and the need to find alternative methods of cellulose hydrolysis. It is proposed to hydrolyze cellulose with concentrated hydrochloric acid produced by absorption of hydrogen chloride. We studied the processes of hydrogen chloride adsorption by bleached wood pulp with 8–18 % humidity. It is shown that adsorption of hydrogen chloride is determined by pulp humidity and is 3–5 % of the dry pulp mass. The sorption of hydrogen chloride leads to the formation of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 25–40 % in the raw material moisture, significant heating of the mass and rapid hydrolysis of the amorphous cellulose fraction. It has been found that the use of pure hydrogen chloride for saturation causes strong darkening and humification of pulp. We recommend the use of hydrogen chloride gas-air mixtures to saturate the pulp, which will significantly reduce the sorption temperature and eliminate the strong darkening of the pulp during hydrolysis. The adsorption of hydrogen chloride by cellulose proceeds at an extremely high rate and is accompanied by the formation of a clearly visible sorption front at a temperature of 45–60 °C. Hydrolysis occurs for 15–30 min at 40–60 °C until the amorphous cellulose fraction is completely decomposed. A very small amount of monosaccharides is formed (4 % of dry pulp). The yield of MCC is high, more than 95 %. These circumstances are probably related to the recrystallization of a part of the amorphous fragments of cellulose macromolecules, which is a characteristic of hydrolysis with concentrated acids. The product obtained by cellulose hydrolysis is identical to MCC according to the data of IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and viscometry. The article shows the high efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis with hydrogen chloride gas-air mixtures compared to traditional methods of MCC production.
WHY THE SOUND-ABSORBING PERFORMANCE OF HEARTWOOD AND SAPWOOD DIFFERS IN YELLOW POPLAR (LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA) CROSS-SECTIONS?
Authors: JANG EUN-SUK , KANG CHUN-WON
Published: June 2022

In this study, we investigated why the sound-absorbing performance is different with between heartwood and sapwood of yellow poplar, which are known for their sound-absorbing properties. We performed image observation as well as gas permeability, pore size, and porosity analysis, and measured the sound absorption coefficient of all samples using an impedance tube. We determined that the pores were significantly larger, and the gas permeability and through-pore porosity much higher, in the sapwood than the heartwood. The average sound absorption coefficient of the sapwood at 2000-6400 Hz (0.61 ± 0.04) was 2.7x that of the heartwood (0.23 ± 0.03). The average NRC of the sapwood (0.23 ± 0.01) was 1.9x that of the heartwood (0.12 ± 0.01). This study ultimately determined that the sapwood, as a consequence of its larger pore size and superior through-pore porosity, which thereby improved its gas permeability, outperformed the heartwood in terms of sound-absorption. We also determined that pore size and through-pore porosity were the primary parameters that determined the sound-absorbing performance of yellow poplar cross-sections.
EFFECTS OF FIRE RETARDANTS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND WATER RESISTANCE OF PINUS MASSONIANA PARTICLEBOARD
Authors: ZHANG BENGANG , YU LIPING , ZHANG QIAOYAN , LI DE , TU YUAN , LIANG JIANKUN
Published: June 2022

Pinus massoniana Lamb. wood particleboards processed by inorganic and organic fire retardants of two densities were prepared by isocyanate and MUF resin. Variations of internal bonding strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and thickness swelling rate (TS) of particleboard were observed. Results demonstrated decreasing of IB from 0.81 MPa to 0.42 MPa and 0.36 MPa, MOR from 17.3 MPa to 12.5 MPa and 12.3 MPa, MOE from 1840 MPa to 1328 MPa and 1117 MPa, and increasing of TS from 5.2% to 15.1% and 11.2%, respectively, for the treated MUF particleboards of density 0.65 g.cm-3. Similarly, decreasing of IB from 0.93 MPa to 0.66 MPa and 0.64 MPa, MOR from 16.2 MPa to 10.6 MPa and 12.1 MPa, MOE from 1246 MPa to 1573 MPa and 1466 MPa, and increasing of TS from 6.7% to 7.1% and 6.0%, respectively, when isocyanate adhesive was used. The similar changes were showed when the density of particleboard was 0.75 g.cm-3. Improving density of particleboard appropriately and decrease density difference between the surface to chip layers could make the profile density curve tend to be stable, which could get a relatively high mechanical strength and water resistance. Synergistic effects between isocyanate and fire retardants was confirmed. The particleboard prepared with isocyanate was obviously superior to that prepared with MUF resin in all performances.
SHORT NOTES: A RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCT CALCIUM SULFATE WHISKERS IN PAPER FILLING
Authors: XU SHENG , XU PENG , DU YUTING , ZHAO PUQI
Published: June 2022

The basic properties of calcium sulfate whiskers were studied and compared with commercial ground calcium carbonate (GCC) fillers. The modified whiskers were used for paper filling and compared with a commercial precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). As a result, it shows that when the unmodified calcium sulfate whisker is used to fill the paper, the ash content of the handmade sheet is low because of its dissolution problem. The ash content of the paper increased obviously when the modified calcium sulfate whisker was added, which reached the ash level of PCC filling. In addition, the paper strength increased greatly, but the light scattering coefficient decreased. In addition, the strength property of the modified calcium sulfate whisker filling paper is basically the same as that of the PCC filling paper with 14.99% ash content when the ash content of the modified calcium sulfate whisker filling paper is 21.95%.
Two new species of plume moths of the genus Hellinsia Tutt, 1905 (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) from Paraguay
Authors: Ustjuzhanin Petr Ya. , Kovtunovich Vasily N. , Streltzov Alexander N. , Ustjuzhanina Anna K.
Published: June 2022

The plume moths (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) fauna of Paraguay is studied quite well, which is proved by a series of publications (Gielis, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2013; Ustjuzhanin et al., 2016). However, we have found two species of the genus Hellinsia, new to science, in the supplementary materials provided to us by Ulf Drechsel (Asunción).
Comparing Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance Scales: An Independent Reduction of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program and the Value of the Hubble Constant
Authors: Anand Gagandeep S. , Tully R. Brent , Rizzi Luca , Riess Adam G. , Yuan Wenlong
Published: June 2022

The tip of the red giant branch has been used to measure distances to 500 nearby galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) which are available in the Color–Magnitude Diagrams and Tip of the Red Giant Branch (CMDs/TRGB) catalog on the Extragalactic Distance Database (EDD). Our established methods are employed to perform an independent reduction of the targets presented by the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program (CCHP) in the series of papers culminating in Freedman (2021). Our distinct methodology involves modeling the observed luminosity function of red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch stars, which differs from the edge-detection algorithms employed by the CCHP. We find excellent agreement between distances for 11 hosts with new imaging, all at D < 20 Mpc. However, we are unable to measure the TRGB for four hosts that use archival data designed to measure distances with Cepheids, all at D > 23 Mpc. With two new HST observations taken in the halo of the megamaser host NGC 4258, the first with the same ACS F606W and F814W filters and state of the electronics used for SN Ia hosts, we then calibrate our TRGB distance scale to the geometric megamaser distance. Using our TRGB distances, we find a value of the Hubble Constant of H
0 = 71.5 ± 1.8 km s−1 Mpc−1 when using either the Pantheon or Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) samples of supernovae. In the future, the James Webb Space Telescope will extend measurements of the TRGB to additional hosts of SN Ia and surface-brightness fluctuation measurements for separate paths to H
0.
Two Massive Close Binaries with Twin Components in the Nearby Galaxy M31
Authors: Li F.-X. , Qian S.-B. , Jiao C.-L. , Ma W.-W.
Published: June 2022

Massive contact binaries contain two early-type stars that have filled their respective critical Roche lobes and share a common envelope. Their formation and evolution are still unknown. Searching for massive binaries in special evolutionary stages is required to solve this problem. Many massive binaries in the Andromeda galaxy (M31) have been found out and they provide an ideal laboratory to explore the formation of massive contact binaries and to test evolutionary models in massive binaries. By analyzing the light curves of two massive binaries containing twin components, M31V J00452011+4145037 (hereafter J004520) and M31V J00450522+4138462 (hereafter J004505), observed by Vilardell et al., we found that J004520 is a semidetached binary with a mass ratio of 0.924 and a lobe-filling secondary, while J004505 is a deep-contact binary with a mass ratio of 0.974 and a fill-out factor of 88%. Both of them evolved from originally detached binaries via case A mass transfer and are at a critical evolutionary state with the shortest possible period and the highest possible mass ratio (q = 1). The evolution of J004520 has passed the critical state and cannot evolve into a contact binary, while J004505 is just close to the key state. The asymmetric light curve of J004505 is explained by the presence of a hot spot on the less-massive component caused by mass transfer from the more-massive one; the same conclusion can be obtained from the O − C curve. These results support the conclusion that massive contact binaries are formed from mass transfer between the two components and only some systems can evolve into the contact stage.
Radio Spectral Energy Distributions for Single Massive Star Winds with Free–Free and Synchrotron Emission
Authors: Erba Christiana , Ignace Richard
Published: June 2022

The mass-loss rates from single massive stars are high enough to form radio photospheres at large distances from the stellar surface, where the wind is optically thick to (thermal) free–free opacity. Here we calculate the far-infrared, millimeter, and radio band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that can result from the combination of free–free processes and synchrotron emission, to explore the conditions for nonthermal SEDs. Simplifying assumptions are adopted in terms of scaling relations for the magnetic field strength and the spatial distribution of relativistic electrons. The wind is assumed to be spherically symmetric, and we consider the effect of Razin suppression on the synchrotron emission. Under these conditions, long-wavelength SEDs with synchrotron emission can be either more steep or more shallow than the canonical asymptotic power-law SED from a nonmagnetic wind. When nonthermal emission is present, the resultant SED shape is generally not a power law; however, the variation in the slope can change slowly with wavelength. Consequently, over a limited range of wavelengths, the SED can masquerade as approximately a power law. While most observed nonthermal long-wavelength spectra are associated with binarity, synchrotron emission can have only a mild influence on single-star SEDs, requiring finer levels of wavelength sampling for the detection of the effect.
The influence of speed and strength abilities on the overall endurance of children aged 13-14 years with different typologies
Authors: Polevoy Georgiy
Published: June 2022

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a set of speed-strength exercises on the development of general endurance in schoolchildren aged 13–14, taking into account the differentiated load.

METHODS: The pedagogical experiment was conducted on the basis of secondary school 60 in Kirov, Russia. The study involved 40 schoolchildren from the 7th grade, who were differentiated into the control and experimental groups of 20 people in each class. Children from the control group (CG) were engaged in physical education according to the standard program, and children from the experimental group additionally performed exercises for the development of speed and strength abilities with different loads. The strength of the nervous system was determined by tapping test, speed-strength abilities were determined by tests – flexion and extension of the arms at the stop while lying on the floor, long jump from a place with a push with two legs, and lifting the torso from the supine position. Overall endurance was determined by the “3 km ski run” test.

RESULTS: In the CG, there was an improvement of only 2–4%. In the experimental group, there were significant improvements of 11–16%.

CONCLUSION: I f schoolchildren perform exercises for the development of speed and strength abilities at physical education classes at school every time, then not only the indicators of these abilities will improve, but also the indicators of the overall endurance of children aged 13–14 will improve. Our results allow us to supplement the standard physical education program at school and effectively develop the physical qualities of schoolchildren aged 13–14.
Preventing Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury after Tourniquet Application in Fracture using Aloe vera Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Huwae Thomas Erwin Christian Junus
Published: June 2022

Introduction: A tourniquet is a typical equipment used in the orthopedics surgery to decrease blood loss and create a better operating environment. Ischemic-reperfusion damage, which happens when the tourniquet is deflated, is one of the tourniquet's negative effects. Antioxidants can be used to minimize oxidative stress, which is one strategy to mitigate ischemic-reperfusion injury. Aloe vera, for example, is widely known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Method: The tibias of male Wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) were fractured in this experiment, and Aloe vera gel was given orally as an antioxidant. A total of 18 rats were utilized in this research, which were separated into 6 groups. Varying amounts of Aloe vera extract were given to the treatment groups: 40 mg/kgBW, 60 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW. The tourniquet would be inflated for two hours then deflated after application of the Aloe vera extract. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde levels were measured in the tibia (MDA).
Result: Application of tourniquet increased oxidative stress marker in fracture state, marked by reduction of SOD and increase of MDA. After administration of Aloe vera extract, the oxidative stress parameters (SOD and MDA) were reduced significantly.
Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that tourniquet increased oxidative stress marker in fracture state and Aloe vera extract could be used to ameliorate this ischemic-reperfusion injury.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Cell Block Method with Core Tissue Biopsy for Adequate Diagnosis of Lung Malignant
Authors: Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Cahya Andika Dwi , Aphridasari Jatu , Harsini Harsini , Raharjo Farih
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: An adequate diagnosis of lung malignancy can be detected through examination of pleural fluid and Transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) based on the cell block method and tissue core biopsy. The cell block method is an immunocytochemical examination method that is useful for the adequate diagnosis of lung malignancy.
AIM: This study was to compare the effectiveness of the cell block method with tissue core biopsy on pleural fluid cytology and TTNA cytology to establish the diagnosis of lung malignancy.
METHODS: This study is a diagnostic test with an analytical cross-sectional approach on 15 respondents suspected of lung cancer at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta in September 2021. Subjects underwent pleural fluid cytology, TTNA cytology based on the cell block method, and tissue core biopsy examination. Data analysis used the Kappa test and bivariate analysis to calculate the p-value.
RESULTS: The results of the combined examination of pleural fluid cytology and TTNA cytology based on the cell block method gave a very good level of conformity to the tissue core biopsy with a Kappa value of 0.857 and a p-value of 0.001. The results of the combined examination of pleural fluid cytology and TTNA cytology with cell block method showed the highest percentage for sensitivity (100%), NPV (100%), and accuracy (93%); while the results of the TTNA cytology examination using the cell block method showed the highest percentage of specificity (100%) and PPV (100%) of the tissue core biopsy method.
CONCLUSION: The cell block method is very effective and significant in assessing the results of combined pleural fluid cytology and TTNA cytology against the tissue core biopsy method so that it is useful for the adequate diagnosis of lung malignant
Sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) from ten recent research expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Arc and Weddell Sea - data
Authors: Maxwell Jamie , Gan Yi Ming , Arango Claudia , Doemel Jana , Allcock A. Louise , van de Putte Anton P. , Griffiths Huw
Published: June 2022

This dataset contains information on specimens of Southern Ocean Pycnogonida (Arthropoda), that were collected from ten different research cruises, spanning 13 years. The individual aims and objectives of each cruise can be found in their cruise reports. The specimens have been collated into a single dataset, forming the basis of J. Maxwell’s PhD. The dataset will be used to investigate the community structure of Antarctic pycnogonids and the factors which influence its composition. This dataset is published by SCAR-AntOBIS under the licence CC-BY 4.0. Please follow the guidelines from the SCAR and IPY Data Policies (https://www.scar.org/excom-meetings/xxxi-scar-delegates-2010-buenos-aires-argentina/4563-scar-xxxi-ip04b-scar-data-policy/file/) when using the data. If you have any questions regarding this dataset, please do not hesitate to contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or via data-biodiversity-aq@naturalsciences.be.

This dataset adds vital occurrence and abundance data for pycnogonids from 10 previously unexamined research cruises from the Weddell Sea, Antarctic Penisula and the islands of the Scotia Arc. It includes the first pycnogonid data from the Prince Gustav Channel. The 197 sampling stations within this dataset represent an 11% increase in the number of stations where pycnogonids have been recorded in the Southern Ocean, southern South America and New Zealand waters and an 18% increase for above 60 degrees latitude. Presence data for any observed epifauna are also included.
CiteScores of cardiology and cardiovascular journals indexed in Scopus in 2019: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zolfaghari Zahra , Shokrpour Nasrin , Ghahramani Leila , Sarveravan Pooneh
Published: June 2022

Background: Citations are considered a measure of the scientific impact of research articles. CiteScore is a standard metric, based on the Scopus database, of the number of times articles in a given journal were cited during a given period relative to the number of articles published by that journal during that period.

Objectives: To investigate the factors associated with CiteScores of journals on cardiology and cardiovascular diseases and indexed in Scopus in 2019.

Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study examined 338 journals to analyse the correlation between CiteScore and such other variables and parameters as coverage by indexing services (databases), type of access, language, type of published articles, age of the journal (year of establishment), H-Index, Scimago Journal Rank, and the quartile of the journal.

Results: CiteScore of a journal was positively correlated to the following variables or parameters: coverage by PubMed, Web  of Science, and EMBASE (p < 0.001), articles    in English (p < 0.001), age of the journal (p = 0.001), publishing review articles (p =  0.23), H-Index (p < 0.001), and Scimago Journal Rank (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Coverage of a journal in international databases, especially in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, is critical to increasing its visibility. Publishing review articles, which tend to be cited more often because they serve as comprehensive sources of information, can increase the CiteScore of a journal. Also, publishing more articles in English contributes to the number of times articles in a journal are cited.

 
Systematic reinstatement of the Sumatra endemic species Mangifera sumatrana Miq. (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Fitmawati Fitmawati , Juliantari Erwina , Silvia Mega
Published: June 2022

Mangifera sumatrana Miq. is an endemic species from Sumatra. The taxonomic status of M. sumatrana remains unclear and is currently treated as a synonym of M. laurina. The present study employed morphological and palynological characters and molecular analyses to address the delimitation between the two species. Pollen observations were carried out with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using the ITS and the trnl-F intergenic spacer markers. M. sumatrana differs from M. laurina by having pyramidal panicles with a low density of pale yellow flowers pale, sepals 3–3.5 × 1.7–2 mm, fruit roundish to flattened with pale yellow pulp, a rough fibre texture, and pollen with a prolate spheroidal shape. The MP phylogenetic tree showed a divergent boundary between the two species suggesting that M. sumatrana could be an independent species, not a variety of M. laurina. The present study supports the view that these two taxa can be treated as different species.
Vers une conceptualisation de la notion d’adoptabilité psychologique
Authors: Semard Virginie , Claudon Philippe
Published: June 2022

La période de l’établissement des nouveaux liens en famille adoptive est l’objet de recherches scientifiques prolifiques. Celle antérieure, concernant l’élaboration de l’enfant en cours d’affiliation, reste un objet d’étude à construire. Cette phase pré-adoptive évaluative et préparatoire est appelée « adoptabilité psychologique » dans la pratique de l’adoption. Cet article propose un essai de préfiguration conceptuelle et descriptive de cette notion. Nous contribuons à montrer qu’il s’agit d’un processus de réorganisation identitaire constitué de mécanismes psychiques, dont l’action conjointe va générer le fonctionnement spécifique appelé « adoptabilité psychologique ». Cette conception soutient une approche intégrée entre des lignes de développement psychocognitives et psychoaffectives, ainsi que des espaces intrapsychiques, intersubjectifs induisant l’hypothèse d’une troisième topique.
Les violences sexuelles à l’adolescence au Togo. Recherche qualitative sur la clinique psychopathologique et l’étiologie sorcellaire
Authors: Kpassagou Bassantéa Lodegaena , Bansard Nolhan
Published: June 2022

L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche portant sur la psychopathologie d’adolescents auteurs de violence sexuelle, incarcérés à la Brigade pour mineurs de Lomé (Togo). Les illustrations cliniques montrent comment l’altération du discours familial sur la vérité des origines filiatives, corroborée à l’absence du père comme image symbolique et repère, affecte le processus pubertaire et l’internalisation des interdits. Dans ce contexte, le recours à des références culturelles, comme l’étiologie sorcellaire pour symboliser la transgression, semble être, pour les tuteurs, une double projection, expulsant les affects de honte et de culpabilité liés à la sexualité déviante, d’une part, tout en déplaçant l’agressivité sur la filiation paternelle absente, d’autre part.
L’astronomie selon Auguste Comte
Authors: Verdet Cyril
Published: June 2022

L’importance de l’astronomie dans l’œuvre d’Auguste Comte est à la mesure de la place fondatrice qu’il lui accorde dans sa propre classification des sciences que constitue le Cours de philosophie positive . Comte dispense même un cours populaire d’astronomie, dont l’objectif n’est pas de former à l’astronomie mais à la « saine philosophie » positive. D’où le regard philosophique qu’il porte sur elle comme l’indique son Traité philosophique d’astronomie populaire . Pour Comte, l’astronomie est donc tout à la fois, un modèle de science positive et un faire-valoir de la philosophie positive et même de l’engagement positiviste, quitte à restreindre assez fortement son champ d’étude.
Biologie et sociologie chez Auguste Comte
Authors: Gibier Mathieu
Published: June 2022

La philosophie de l’histoire d’Auguste Comte, méconnue aujourd’hui, mérite un nouvel examen. L’idée de progrès social qui lui sert de fil conducteur s’éclaire lorsqu’on la compare à la hiérarchie animale telle qu’elle est conçue notamment par Lamarck et Blainville. De ce point de vue, on s’aperçoit que les critiques déjà formulées par Cuvier envers une telle hiérarchie préfigurent celles qu’on peut adresser à la conception comtienne de l’histoire, qui semble postuler une corrélation trop rigide entre les différents aspects sociaux. Mais ne peut-on pas alors interpréter les idées de progrès social et de hiérarchie animale comme des principes régulateurs et non des faits observables ?
L’occident défini par Comte : un européocentrisme anticolonial ?
Authors: Useche-Sandoval Tonatiuh
Published: June 2022

Pour Auguste Comte, l’idée européenne ne servait plus à éclairer ni à modifier la marche des peuples vers ce stade final de l’Humanité qu’est l’état positif. Comte redéfinit l’Europe comme Occident, afin que le centre européen, au lieu d’être le quartier général d’un empire planétaire, soit un foyer spirituel de diffusion du progrès. L’article rappelle les contours sociologiques et les composantes politiques qui distinguent la République occidentale, avant de s’intéresser aux mesures concrètes que Comte envisagea pour instaurer l’occidentalité et restaurer l’unité du genre humain, menacée par le colonialisme.
Carrefours de l’éducation : 25 ans déjà. Diffuser des recherches en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation
Authors: Monchaux Philippe
Published: June 2022

La mise en perspective des cinq dernières années de publication et la présentation de l’évolution de la revue Carrefours de l’éducation sur 25 ans permet de faire ressortir ses caractéristiques. La place de la co-écriture et ses configurations (avec la présence de doctorants et de docteurs) rendent compte des contraintes de la recherche de la période concernée et des conditions de recrutement dans l’enseignement supérieur, particulièrement en France. Les rattachements institutionnels des auteurs, les objets et méthodes de recherche sont mis en perspective avec deux rapports nationaux sur la recherche en éducation et formation. En définitive, il apparait que Carrefours de l’éducation maintient son projet éditorial : tout en publiant des articles qui participent des disciplines constitutives des sciences de l’éducation, la revue accorde une place à l’émergence d’objets, de thématiques et de méthodologies de recherche qui intéressent l’éducation et la formation.
La politique éducative durant la période gaullienne (1958-1969)
Authors: Lelièvre Claude
Published: June 2022

On se demandera si les articles publiés à ce sujet par Bruno Poucet après la soutenance de son HDR se situent dans la continuité de sa façon d’aborder l’histoire des politiques scolaires telle qu’elle apparaît dans les deux axes majeurs qu’il a investigués (histoire de l’enseignement de la philosophie et histoire de l’enseignement privé) et telle qu’il l’explicite dans sa note de synthèse pour l’habilitation.
Géographie scolaire, didactique et spatialités juvéniles : de nouvelles voies de recherche ?
Authors: Joublot Ferré Sylvie
Published: June 2022

Dans cet article, il s’agit d’interroger le potentiel ouvert par la connaissance des spatialités et du rapport au monde des élèves, pour renouveler les recherches en didactique et l’enseignement de la géographie. Le contexte d’une rupture majeure introduite par les transitions environnementale, sociétale et économique et les événements sanitaires ou climatiques récents, invite à questionner l’habitabilité du monde. La géographie apporte déjà de nombreux outils, méthodes et perspectives pour envisager le futur. Cependant, considérer désormais les élèves non plus seulement comme des apprenants, mais des acteurs sociaux et spatiaux, devrait conduire à changer la manière de faire de la géographie avec eux, tout en inspirant de nouvelles voies de recherche. Tels pourraient être les défis d’une éducation géographique en Anthropocène.
L’Europe de l’armement : enjeux technologiques et industriels pour la France et condition de l’affirmation géostratégique de l’UE
Authors: Barre Joël
Published: June 2022

La France a une ambition forte pour renforcer son autonomie stratégique avec une Base industrielle et technologique de défense (BITD) solide et soutenue par des programmes cohérents. La dimension européenne est un des axes de progression permettant de répondre aux défis de demain. La France, via la Direction générale de l’armement (DGA), y participera pleinement.
Development of Training Curriculum to Improve Patient Communication Skills and Social Support Among Community Health Workers
Authors: Holcomb Jennifer , Ferguson Gayla M. , Thornton Logan , Highfield Linda
Published: June 2022

Background:

Effective provider communication skills are important for patient decision-making and understanding, particularly for those with low health literacy. A gap exists in training methods and curriculum for community health workers (CHWs).

Brief description of activity:

Through a clinical and academic partnership, pilot training curriculum focused on patient communication skills was developed to align with CHW scope of work.

Implementation:

The curriculum was implemented in three 2-hour training sessions over WebEx with seven state-certified CHWs. The goal was for CHWs to understand the key elements and application of active listening, Teach Back, and action planning in a clinical setting. The sessions included didactic and skills practice modules for each skill.

Results:

A survey was distributed to CHWs to evaluate knowledge, skills, and attitudes and reactions to training methods, instructors, and relevance using the Kirkpatrick's evaluation model (Reaction and Learning). Although CHWs agreed that they had actively participated in the training and that the instructors were well-prepared, there was less agreement that the course was relevant. CHWs reported an increase in understanding of active listening and action planning, capability of using Teach Back and providing social support, and ability to teach, whereas a decrease was reported in the capability to use action planning. When probed about training relevance, CHWs felt action listening and Teach Back were relevant, but that action planning was not relevant to their responsibilities. This gap in responsibilities was also acknowledged by the clinical leadership.

Lessons learned:

The training allowed the CHWs to build on subsequent skills from previous sessions and to discuss struggles. A need for tools for integrating the skills in the clinical workflow were requested by CHWs and clinical leadership. These tools offer the opportunity to tailor future trainings on communication skills or patient scenarios. Future trainings should include CHWs to provide insight into scope of work. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2022;6(2):e142–e150.

]

Plain Language Summary:

It is important for community health workers to communicate with patients so that patients can understand information and make their own decisions. There is not enough known about the best way to train CHWs in patient communication. This training was created to help CHWs use three patient communication skills in their clinic.
Health Literacy Profiles of Early Intervention Providers: Use of the Health Literacy Questionnaire
Authors: Leslie Catherine J. , Donelan Karen , Nicholas Patrice , Buglione Maura , Smith Diane L.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Early intervention (EI) providers work with parents of children with or who have risk factors of developmental delay or disability through Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Many parents in the United States have low health literacy; therefore, EI providers should be aware of and address families' health literacy needs. EI providers need to be health literate themselves to implement evidence-based recommended practices.

Objective:

This study aimed to measure health literacy levels of interdisciplinary EI providers and investigate associations between health literacy levels and demographic variables.

Methods:

A survey containing the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) was completed by EI providers working at 10 EI centers in Massachusetts. Scale scores were calculated and compared across demographic variables, including EI job role, age, years of EI experience, and highest education level.

Key Results:

Of 715 EI providers invited to participate, 376 surveys were completed (52.6% response rate). Most participants were women (92.6%,
n
= 348), reported race as White (85.4%,
n
= 321), had a mean age of 43.1 years (standard deviation [
SD
] 12.9) ranging from 20 to 74 years, and English as their primary language (89.6%,
n
= 337). EI providers scored the lowest on HLQ Scale 5 “Appraisal of health information” (mean [
M
] = 2.99 (
SD
0.50) [confidence interval (CI) 2.93, 3.04]), and Scale 7 “Navigating the healthcare system” (
M
= 3.83 (
SD
0.58) [CI 3.77, 3.89]). EI providers having stronger health literacy profiles were generally older, with a higher education level, were licensed providers, or had more years of EI work experience.

Conclusions:

EI providers require adequate health literacy to manage their health needs and to effectively provide services to EI families. Study results may inform future targeted professional development to support improvement of EI providers' health literacy skills, including appraisal of health information and navigation of the health care system. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2022;6(2):e128–e136.

]

Plain Language Summary:

EI providers' health literacy profiles have not been previously investigated. Study results reveal EI providers struggled with health literacy skills of appraising health information and navigating the health care system, which are vital for EI practice. Health Literacy Questionnaire results can inform targeted professional development to improve EI providers' health literacy levels and their clinical practice.
Research on artificial intelligence of accounting information processing based on image processing
Authors: Tian Juanjuan , Li Li
Published: June 2022

The rapid development and wide application of artificial intelligence is deeply affecting all aspects of human society. Combine artificial intelligence with the accounting industry, use computers to efficiently and automatically process accounting information, and let the accounting industry move towards the intelligent era. This can help people reduce the workload and speed up work efficiency. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and technology, the use of financial instrument vouchers has exploded, but the processing requirements of financial instrument vouchers have become more and more efficient. Traditional accounting information processing methods, due to the staff's energy and ability, it is often difficult to quickly and accurately handle accounting information. This makes the processing of accounting information lack of timeliness, the degree of utilization of accounting information by enterprises is relatively low, and the demand for intelligent processing of accounting information is constantly pressing. In view of the above problems, this paper uses image processing technology to intelligently identify the content of accounting information to achieve automatic ticket input, improve work efficiency, reduce error rate and reduce labor costs. By simulating the actual 230 invoice images, the results show that the recognition accuracy rate is as high as 98.7%. The results show that the method is effective and has great application value, which is of great significance to the artificial intelligence of accounting information processing.
Muslim Youth Negotiating Boundary Maintenance Between the Sexes: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Altinyelken Hülya Kosar
Published: June 2022

Studies on Muslim youth suggest that they experience difficulties with balancing Western culture and Islamic religious norms. This study focuses on boundary maintenance between the sexes, which entails physical or social distance and avoidance of touching and gaze. These aspects of everyday social life are imbued with much symbolic significance and value. The study examined the values and norms on this subject that Muslim youth were taught and socialized into at non-formal Islamic education settings, and then compared these with values and norms conveyed at secondary schools in the Netherlands. Due to its exploratory nature, the study adopted a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 young adults and 28 students enrolled at secondary schools from four Muslim communities. The findings revealed that Muslim youth were taught and socialized into contradictory values and norms in these two learning contexts. While sex segregation was observed in non-formal Islamic education settings, participants’ mainstream schools were coeducational. Islamic ethos as practiced in this community required physical and social distancing between the sexes, avoiding male gaze, and refraining from physical touch. However, at schools, boys and girls were expected to work in groups, interact, discuss, and socialize, and handshaking with teachers before lessons was observed at some schools as a ritual. Moreover, the study explored four pathways Muslim youth adopted as they negotiated such competing values: conformity to religious values, code-switching, peer surveillance, and breaking away. The findings have implications for the social and cultural integration, mental health, and wellbeing of Muslim youth.
Le finanze pubbliche milanesi al servizio del re di Francia
Authors: Di Tullio Matteo
Published: June 2022

Il saggio analizza il contributo delle ricchezze milanesi alle campagne militari di Francesco I nell’ambito delle guerre d’Italia del primo Cinquecento. Dopo una breve premessa sulle diverse fonti di finanziamento alla guerra a disposizione dei sovrani di Francia, si propone l’esame di alcune scritture contabili relative allo Stato di Milano redatte in quegli anni e conservate presso gli Archivi Nazionali di Parigi, soffermandosi su tre aspetti peculiari : 1. l’amministrazione delle finanze pubbliche in relazione alle necessità contingenti di guerra e alla progressiva costruzione statuale ; 2. la relazione tra la gestione finanziaria sotto Francesco I e quella dei domini precedenti ; 3. il ruolo delle scelte operate da Francesco I e dal suo entourage a Milano sulla gestione delle finanze nel resto del Regno di Francia.
Politica imperiale ed ecclesiastici filo-francesi nello stato di Milano tra fedeltà e interessi (1535-1548)
Authors: Carlo Giannini Massimo
Published: June 2022

Il presente contributo intende mettere a fuoco l’atteggiamento che, dopo l’acquisizione dello Stato di Milano, Carlo V e i suoi ministri andarono elaborando nei confronti di quella parte significativa del clero e dell’episcopato che era politicamente legata alla corona francese. Quest’ultima, infatti, durante la sua dominazione, aveva favorito l’assegnazione delle principali sedi episcopali a soggetti italiani di provata fedeltà al re cristianissimo. Dopo il passaggio di Milano sotto l’autorità di Carlo V (1535) i prelati schierati con la Francia subirono il sequestro delle rendite beneficiarie nello Stato di Milano. Attraverso lo studio di alcune figure di ecclesiastici filo-francesi – come ad esempio Ippolito II d’Este, arcivescovo di Milano – emerge l’ambigua azione volta a contemperare la fedeltà a Francesco I e gli interessi familiari. In altri casi, come quello di Ottaviano Guasco, fu la capacità di cambiare campo (da quello francese a quello imperiale) a fare la differenza. In ogni caso, al termine del periodo considerato, si era consolidato l’economato dei benefici vacanti, ossia l’ufficio tenuto da un ecclesiastico di nomina imperiale e pontificia incaricato non solo dell’amministrazione dei benefici privi di titolare, ma anche di quelli sotto sequestro per motivi politici.
Francis I, Charles V and the Roman barons
Authors: Shaw Christine
Published: June 2022

Francis I and Charles V adopted the same policies towards the Roman barons as fifteenth-century Italian princes and republics had done, employing them as military commanders, expecting to use them to exert influence, if not pressure, on the popes, and to have access through them to the Guelf and Ghibelline factions that looked to the barons for leadership. This was most evident during the pontificate of Clement VII, in the period culminating in the Sack of Rome in 1527. The failure of Francis’s attempt to recover the kingdom of Naples in 1528-9, and the consolidation of Charles’s rule there, caused them to develop different approaches to their use of the barons. Charles expected Roman barons who were his subjects by virtue of their Neapolitan estates to put their resources in the Papal States at his service. Francis continued to employ Roman barons as commanders, and valued the opportunity to use their influence in Rome, but for him, the potential use of their lands and fortresses was a secondary consideration.