bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Diverse Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons to Recurrent Network Activity in Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Neske Garrett T. , Patrick Saundra L. , Connors Barry W.
Published: January 2015

The recurrent synaptic architecture of neocortex allows for self-generated network activity. One form of such activity is the Up state, in which neurons transiently receive barrages of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs that depolarize many neurons to spike threshold before returning to a relatively quiescent Down state. The extent to which different cell types participate in Up states is still unclear. Inhibitory interneurons have particularly diverse intrinsic properties and synaptic connections with the local network, suggesting that different interneurons might play different roles in activated network states. We have studied the firing, subthreshold behavior, and synaptic conductances of identified cell types during Up and Down states in layers 5 and 2/3 in mouse barrel cortexin vitro. We recorded from pyramidal cells and interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), or neuropeptide Y. PV cells were the most active interneuron subtype during the Up state, yet the other subtypes also received substantial synaptic conductances and often generated spikes. In all cell types except PV cells, the beginning of the Up state was dominated by synaptic inhibition, which decreased thereafter; excitation was more persistent, suggesting that inhibition is not the dominant force in terminating Up states. Compared with barrel cortex, SOM and VIP cells were much less active in entorhinal cortex during Up states. Our results provide a measure of functional connectivity of various neuron types in barrel cortex and suggest differential roles for interneuron types in the generation and control of persistent network activity.
Evolutionary Consequences of DNA Methylation on the GC Content in Vertebrate Genomes
Authors: Mugal Carina F , Arndt Peter F , Holm Lena , Ellegren Hans
Published: January 2015

The genomes of many vertebrates show a characteristic variation in GC content. To explain its origin and evolution, mainly three mechanisms have been proposed: selection for GC content, mutation bias, and GC-biased gene conversion. At present, the mechanism of GC-biased gene conversion, i.e., short-scale, unidirectional exchanges between homologous chromosomes in the neighborhood of recombination-initiating double-strand breaks in favor for GC nucleotides, is the most widely accepted hypothesis. We here suggest that DNA methylation also plays an important role in the evolution of GC content in vertebrate genomes. To test this hypothesis, we investigated one mammalian (human) and one avian (chicken) genome. We used bisulfite sequencing to generate a whole-genome methylation map of chicken sperm and made use of a publicly available whole-genome methylation map of human sperm. Inclusion of these methylation maps into a model of GC content evolution provided significant support for the impact of DNA methylation on the local equilibrium GC content. Moreover, two different estimates of equilibrium GC content, one that neglects and one that incorporates the impact of DNA methylation and the concomitant CpG hypermutability, give estimates that differ by approximately 15% in both genomes, arguing for a strong impact of DNA methylation on the evolution of GC content. Thus, our results put forward that previous estimates of equilibrium GC content, which neglect the hypermutability of CpG dinucleotides, need to be reevaluated.
Papilla Formation in Response to Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery and Immediate Restoration
Authors: Schnitman Paul A. , Hayashi Chie
Published: January 2015

This retrospective analysis was undertaken to evaluate the effect of immediate implant restoration using a computer-assisted technique in partially edentulous sites on interimplant and intertooth bone level stability and papilla formation. Nine partially edentulous patients received a total of 23 implants that supported immediately placed implant restorations. Planning was accomplished using a radiographic guide, which allowed visualization of the emergence profile from the platform of the implant to the cervical of the planned restoration. Guided implants were placed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and restorations were screw retained directly to the implant. Multiple implants were splinted at surgery with autopolymerizing resin. Measurements were made at a mean of 545 days (range 288–958) postoperatively on the basis of radiographs and photographs. Measures were: (1) distance from bone crest to platform, (2) bone crest to contact point, (3) interimplant distance at the outer diameter of the platform, and (4) papilla from highest point to a reference line. At follow-up time, the bone ridge was located higher than the implant platform (mean 0.57 mm) compared to implants whose interimplant distance was less than 3 mm (mean 0.27 mm). Mean increase of the bone level between insertion and approximate 1-year follow-up was 0.047 mm. The mean distance from the contact point to bone was 2.39/3.93 mm postoperatively, resulting in 91/71% papilla fill between implants and between implant and adjacent tooth, respectively. Computer-assisted surgery with the preplanned immediate restoration seems to be an effective method to minimize bone loss at the implant platform resulting in support for papilla.
Estudo do polimorfismo G54D do gene MBL2 no diabetes melito gestacional
Authors: Baggenstoss Rejane , Petzhold Silvia Vanderléia , Willemann Izabela K. Michels , Pabis Francisco Simões , Gimenes Paulo , Souza Barbara Vicente de , França Paulo Henrique Condeixa de , Silva Jean Carl
Published: January 2015

Objetivo Analisar a influência da associação do polimorfismo G54D (rs1800450) do gene MBL2 no diabetes melito gestacional (DMG) quanto à necessidade de tratamento complementar e ocorrência de recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional. Sujeitos e métodos Cento e cinco pacientes com DMG segundo parâmetro da OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) foram avaliadas no período de novembro de 2010 a outubro de 2012. As gestantes foram divididas em dois grupos correspondentes à presença (n = 37) ou à ausência (n = 68) do alelo mutante. As variantes do polimorfismo G54D foram identificadas por meio da técnica de polimorfismos de comprimentos de fragmentos de restrição (RFLP). Parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos da mãe e do recém-nascido (RN) e a necessidade de terapia complementar associada à dietoterapia foram avaliados como desfechos primários. Resultados Das pacientes analisadas, 35,2% carregavam pelo menos um alelo mutante do polimorfismo G54D. Os dois grupos não apresentaram diferença significativa quanto a ganho de peso, paridade, idade, índice de massa corporal e idade gestacional de chegada à maternidade. Os grupos de pacientes portadoras ou não do alelo mutante não diferiram quanto à necessidade de tratamento complementar à dietoterapia (16,2% vs. 26,7%) respectivamente e à ocorrência de recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional (24,3% vs. 13,2%). Conclusão Nossos dados demonstraram que o polimorfismo G54D do gene MBL2 não teve efeito sobre a necessidade de tratamento complementar acrescido à dietoterapia e à ocorrência de recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional na população estudada. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):900-5
Evaluation of cytopathological findings in thyroid nodules with macrocalcification: macrocalcification is not innocent as it seems
Authors: Arpaci Dilek , Ozdemir Didem , Cuhaci Neslihan , Dirikoc Ahmet , Kilicyazgan Aylin , Guler Gulnur , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir
Published: January 2015

Objective Microcalcification is strongly correlated with papillary thyroid cancer. It is not clear whether macrocalcification is associated with malignancy. In this study, we aimed to assess the result of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of thyroid nodules with macrocalcifications. Subjects and methods We retrospectively evaluated 269 patients (907 nodules). Macrocalcifications were classified as eggshell and parenchymal macrocalcification. FNAB results were divided into four groups: benign, malignant, suspicious for malignancy, and non-diagnostic. Results There were 79.9% female and 20.1% male and mean age was 56.9 years. Macrocalcification was detected in 46.3% nodules and 53.7% nodules had no macrocalcification. Parenchymal and eggshell macrocalcification were observed in 40.5% and 5.8% nodules, respectively. Cytologically, malignant and suspicious for malignancy rates were higher in nodules with macrocalcification compared to nodules without macrocalcification (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). Benign and non-diagnostic cytology results were similar in two groups (p > 0.05). Nodules with eggshell calcification had higher rate of suspicious for malignancy and nodules with parenchymal macrocalcification had higher rates of malignant and suspicious for malignancy compared to those without macrocalcification (p = 0.01, p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that macrocalcifications are not always benign and are not associated with increased nondiagnostic FNAB results. Macrocalcification, particularly the parenchymal type should be taken into consideration. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):939-45
Efecto de la administración subcrónica de glucosamina oral en la regulación del peso corporal, glucemia y dislipidemias provocada por una dieta hipercalórica en rata Wistar
Authors: Alvarado Cornelio Barrientos , Vázquez Jorge Sánchez , Oscoy María Atanasia Silvia Cárdenas , Acosta Osvaldo Garrido , Robledo Liliana Anguiano
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la glucosamina oral en el sobrepeso y dislipidemia provocada por una dieta hipercalórica en ratas.Métodos: En 4 grupos de ratas Wistar: alimentados con dieta comercial para roedores y agua de beber sin grupo de control y con glucosamina (500 mg/kg-1 por día) grupo glucosamina y con dieta hipercalórica enriquecida al 24% (g/g) compuesta por manteca de cerdo y agua de beber sin grupo hipercalórico y con glucosamina grupo hipercalórico + grupo glucosamina, durante 22 semanas, se evaluaron el peso corporal, grasa abdominal, niveles de glucemia, triglicéridos, colesterol total y lipoproteínas de alta densidad en suero.Resultados: Se observó un aumento del peso corporal y glucemia en suero con dislipidemias en el grupo con dieta hipercalórica grupo hipercalórico versusgrupo de controle (p<0.001); al administrarse glucosamina para esta misma dieta grupo hipercalórico + grupo glucosamina se minimizaron los efectos presentados, disminuyendo la cantidad de grasa abdominal y los niveles del perfil lípido en suero (p>0.05) y regulándose el peso corporal, las lipoproteínas de alta densidad y la glucemia basal (p<0.05).Conclusion: La glucosamina reguló el peso corporal y la glucemia en sangre y minimizó las dislipidemias provocadas por la dieta hipercalórica, favoreciendo el aumento de colesterol lipoproteínas de alta densidad en las ratas. No afectó el peso corporal y el metabolismo lipídico cuando se administró con dieta comercial.
Functional health literacy and healthy eating: Understanding the brazilian food guide recommendations
Authors: Coelho Maria Auristela Magalhães , Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho , Passamai Maria da Penha Baião , Cabral Lissidna Almeida , Passos Tatiana Uchôa , Lima Gláucia Posso
Published: January 2015

Objective: To assess the relationship between the functional health literacy of Unified Heath System users and the understanding of food servings in the pocket version of the Brazilian Food Guide.Methods: Functional health literacy was assessed by the Brief Test of functional health literacy.Two dialogue rounds were conducted with patients with adequate functional health literacy (Group 1) and inadequate functional health literacy (Group 2). The dialogues were recorded and analyzed according to the discourse of the collective subject.Results: Most (58.0%) users had inadequate functional health literacy. Five core areas were identified: understands serving sizes; does not understand serving sizes; serving sizes are confusing; unfamiliar/uncommon foods; small letters. Group 2 had more trouble understanding.Conclusion: Difficulty understanding hinders health promotion. Individuals need to have access to educational materials that are easier to understand and developed taking their functional health literacy into account.
Saúde coletiva nos cursos de Nutrição: análise de projetos político-pedagógicos e planos de ensino
Authors: Recine Elisabetta , Sugai Andrea , Monteiro Renata Alves , Rizzolo Anelise , Fagundes Andhressa
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os conteúdos dos planos de ensino das disciplinas da área de Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva, bem como os projetos político-pedagógicos de cursos de Nutrição no Brasil.Métodos: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, exploratório, de base documental, utilizando-se técnica do software Alceste(r) no corpus gerado pelos documentos analisados.Resultados: A partir dos 392 cursos de Nutrição existentes no Brasil em 2010, foram analisados 46 projetos político-pedagógicos e 517 planos de ensino de disciplinas em saúde coletiva. Na análise dos projetos político-pedagógicos foram consideradas três categorias: competências esperadas; ações no cuidado nutricional e operacionalização do curso, esta última correspondente a 75,5% do conteúdo. Já na análise dos planos de ensino foram classificadas as seguintes categorias: avaliação nutricional, clínica e dietoterapia no curso da vida; epidemiologia nutricional e vigilância em saúde; educação nutricional e comunicação; formação para atuação profissional; e cultura e ciências sociais. A primeira dessas categorias, correspondente a 34,2% do conteúdo, representa um dos eixos do corpus: portanto, a que compõe mais fortemente a disposição dos elementos. Essa categoria demonstrou abordar temas distantes daqueles tratados pelas demais. O outro eixo, das demais classes, estabeleceu associação menos distante no plano entre elementos, refletindo existir alguma ligação entre o que é explicitado e objetivos, conteúdos e processo de formação que correlacionam alimentação ao contexto social e à prática profissional.Conclusão: A distância dos conteúdos analisados indica uma dicotomia ao se descreverem objetivos, competências e prática profissional, apontando a insuficiência na articulação entre os elementos biológicos, as práticas sociais e a formação profissional.
Formação em Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina: reflexões sobre o processo de ensino para fortalecer o Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Neves Janaina das , Sousa Anete Araújo de , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do artigo é relatar a experiência do processo de implantação do projeto pedagógico do Curso de Graduação em Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina visando ao atendimento das Diretrizes Curriculares dos Cursos de Nutrição de 2001, com ênfase na formação em Saúde Coletiva. Trata-se de artigo descritivo que procura refletir sobre a experiência da reestruturação curricular implantada em 2009. A reestruturação curricular proposta pelo Núcleo Docente Estruturante contou com assessoria externa, parceria das Secretarias de Saúde e de Educação de Florianópolis e financiamento do Ministério da Saúde, tendo por base as avaliações realizadas em fóruns com participação de docentes, discentes e nutricionistas. O projeto pedagógico do Curso de Graduação em Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina pautou-se pelos princípios do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada, da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e da promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde. O currículo contempla os níveis de complexidade de atenção à saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde, com integração entre disciplinas que desenvolvem metodologias ativas, durante as aulas teóricas e práticas. Outros cenários de prática são: unidades educativas, locais de produção e comercialização de alimentos e unidades de alimentação e nutrição. Os coordenadores pedagógicos realizam interlocução entre secretarias, profissionais, docentes e discentes. O currículo tem sido avaliado e reestruturado continuamente. Apesar dos avanços, são apontados como desafios: a integração ensino-serviço, o número reduzido de nutricionistas nos cenários de prática, a estrutura disciplinar e o grande número de estudantes nas turmas práticas.
A integralidade como eixo da formação em proposta interdisciplinar: estágios de Nutrição e Psicologia no campo da Saúde Coletiva
Authors: Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares de , Braga-Campos Florianita Coelho , Moreira Maria Inês Badaró
Published: January 2015

Trata-se de relato de experiência de estágio interdisciplinar em Nutrição Social e em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo campusBaixada Santista, com foco na integralidade da atenção. O trabalho ocorreu entre 2010 e 2012, na Atenção Básica de Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde no território Centro/Morro do município de Santos, São Paulo. Utilizaram-se registros de campo contendo memórias de supervisões e de reuniões entre professores e equipe de saúde. Construíram-se narrativas e projetos terapêuticos singulares. Em supervisão conjunta de professores de Nutrição e Psicologia, debateram-se situações destacadas pelos estudantes e planos de trabalho construídos para cada ciclo de formação. Isto fundamentou práticas interdisciplinares, reflexões e ações consoantes ao Sistema Único de Saúde, realizadas pelos estagiários. Os resultados corroboram a importância do trabalho interdisciplinar para a promoção da integralidade, constituindo formas de escuta e atenção diferenciadas aos usuários, em estreita relação com os serviços.
Sperm quality of the Amazon catfish Leiarius marmoratus (Gill, 1870) after cold storage
Authors: Galo JM , Streit Jr. DP , Povh JA , Fornari DC , Resende EK , Oliveira D , Ribeiro RP
Published: January 2015

This study aimed at assessing the sperm quality of the Amazon catfish, Leiarius marmoratus ¸ after refrigeration without extenders. After capturing the animals and stripping of semen, the following parameters were analyzed: progressive motility, motility quality score, duration of motility and sperm morphology. An aliquot of fresh semen from each male was kept at room temperature (28 ± 2°C) as a control, for further comparison with cooled semen. The semen from each animal was stored in extenders-free individual syringes. The syringes were kept in ice within polystyrene boxes at 13 ± 2°C. For both fresh and cooled semen, seminal parameters were evaluated every one-hour interval, reaching seven hours of analysis. Fresh semen showed a significant decrease in motility, motility quality score and duration of motility remaining viable only for three hours. Progressive motility of the cooled semen displayed a negative linear pattern (P<0.05). The duration of motility increased (P<0.05), reaching its peak after three hours of storage. The motility quality score showed a quadratic pattern. No statistical differences were observed when sperm morphology was assessed (P>0.05), even though the mean values of total abnormalities have increased over the storage time. Further studies focusing on the application of this technique should be performed, including the addition of extenders and cryoprotectants for preservation of the sperm over longer periods.
Diurnal sampling reveals significant variation in CO2 emission from a tropical productive lake
Authors: Reis PCJ , Barbosa FAR
Published: January 2015

It is well accepted in the literature that lakes are generally net heterotrophic and supersaturated with CO2 because they receive allochthonous carbon inputs. However, autotrophy and CO2undersaturation may happen for at least part of the time, especially in productive lakes. Since diurnal scale is particularly important to tropical lakes dynamics, we evaluated diurnal changes in pCO2and CO2 flux across the air-water interface in a tropical productive lake in southeastern Brazil (Lake Carioca) over two consecutive days. Both pCO2 and CO2 flux were significantly different between day (9:00 to 17:00) and night (21:00 to 5:00) confirming the importance of this scale for CO2 dynamics in tropical lakes. Net heterotrophy and CO2 outgassing from the lake were registered only at night, while significant CO2 emission did not happen during the day. Dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature trends over the diurnal cycle indicated the dependence of CO2 dynamics on lake metabolism (respiration and photosynthesis). This study indicates the importance of considering the diurnal scale when examining CO2emissions from tropical lakes.
New insights on the rarity of the vulnerable Cinereous Warbling-finch (Aves, Emberizidae) based on density, home range, and habitat selection
Authors: Marques-Santos F , Wischhoff U , Rodrigues M
Published: January 2015

The Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea (Emberizidae) is a Neotropical grassland bird considered rare, with population declining due to habitat loss and classified as vulnerable. However, the species conspicuously remains in several degraded areas, suggesting that it may be favored by these environments. Studies which focus on this species were inexistent until 2012, making questionable any statement about its threaten status. Here we analyzed population density, home range, and habitat selection of two groups of P. cinerea at independent sites that differ in human impact levels. Density was estimated by counting and mapping birds. Kernel density and minimum convex polygon were used to estimate home ranges. Habitat selection was inferred from use and availability of every habitat identified within the home range boundaries. One group positively selected urban tree vegetation, despite the availability of natural habitats in its home range. Based on a review on the literature and our findings, we assume that it is unlikely that P. cinerea is rare owing to habitat degradation, as previously thought. Nevertheless, this species was always recorded around native Cerrado vegetation and thus habitat modification may still threaten this species at some level. It is suggested that this species might be a woodland edge species, but future studies are necessary to confirm this assumption.
Effects of crevice size on the establishment of macroalgae in subtropical streams
Authors: Tonetto AF , Peres CK , Khnayfes MA , Branco CCZ
Published: January 2015

Considering that in previous studies, the surface roughness (micrometric dimension) showed a weak effect on the colonization of stream macroalgae, we investigated the effects of different crevice sizes (milimetric dimension, a scale slightly higher than previous investigations) on the macroalgal abundance in three streams exposed to full sunlight in southern Brazil. We used smooth sterile glass plates with different shapes: P – plane surface without crevices; S – sinuous surface (depth of crevices with 0.159 mm ± 0.03); N – non-unifom surface (0.498 mm ± 0.09); C – surfaces with convex structures (1.190 mm ± 0.12); and three additional surface types with different patterns of heterogeneity with combinations of glass pieces: P + S (H1); P + S + N (H2) and P + S + N + C (H3). The plates were placed into the streams and after 105 days the percent cover of macroalgal community was measured. No significant differences among treatments were recorded. However, we observed a trend of macroalgae occurs within the crevices in all treatments and this suggests that, for stream macroalgae, the crevice sizes used in this study was still not enough to provide an expressive algal growth, even in the treatment with bigger crevices.
Foraging behavior and diet of the vulnerable Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea (Aves, Emberizidae)
Authors: Wischhoff U , Marques-Santos F , Rodrigues M
Published: January 2015

The Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea is a globally vulnerable Emberizidae passerine, patchily distributed and rare in the open savannah of central South America. Attributes of rare species include niche specificity such as feeding habits. To verify possible niche specialization in this species we aimed to describe its foraging habits related to substrate use, foraging and substrate height, attack maneuvers, and consumed food items. We monitored two groups at two study sites and sampled foraging events with intervals of 15 minutes. The substrates used in greater frequency were foliage and reproductive organs. Foraging and substrate height varied widely with study area. The attack maneuver adopted in greater frequency was glean. Most food items attacked were small invertebrates. Big invertebrates included Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera. Poospiza cinerea was also recorded foraging in mixed bird flocks with seven other species. The generalist foraging behavior of the species cannot be associate to its rarity.
The reproductive cycle of the oyster Crassostrea gasar
Authors: Gomes CHAM , Silva FC , Lopes GR , Melo CMR
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive cycle of the oyster Crassostrea gasar (= C. brasiliana) in the field and the laboratory. The reproductive cycle of the animals was evaluated in the field at Sambaqui Beach, Florianópolis, SC (27° 29′18″ S and 48° 32′12″ W) from May 2008 through November 2009. In July, the animals were in the resting stage. The early growth stage began in August and was followed by the late growth stage in October. In November and December, the oysters began to enter the mature stage. Females in spawning condition were predominant during these months. The stages of the reproductive cycle were positively associated with temperature (r=0.77, P<0.01) and negatively associated with salinity (r=−0.56, P=0.042). These findings demonstrated that increased temperature and reduced salinity influence the reproductive development of Crassostrea gasar. The condition index (CI) of the animals was also associated with the seawater temperature. The highest values of the condition index were observed during the months when the temperature of the seawater was gradually increasing. A laboratory experiment was performed to test the effect of salinity on the reproductive cycle of the oysters. The experiment was conducted in standardized tanks. The animals were conditioned using two salinities (24‰ and 34‰). The salinity regime influenced the development of the gonadal tissue of the oysters. A salinity of 24‰ produced greater reproductive development.
Cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) in plant test system
Authors: Cardoso GHS , Dantas EBS , Sousa FRC , Peron AP
Published: January 2015

This study investigated the cytotoxic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) aqueous extract on the cell cycle of Allium cepa. To this end, crude aqueous leaf extracts at four concentrations, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mg/mL, were tested on A. cepa meristematic root cells, at exposure times of 24 and 48h. Slides were prepared by the crushing technique, and cells analyzed throughout the cell cycle, totaling 5,000 for each control group and concentration. The four concentrations tested, including the lowest and considered ideal for use, at all exposure times, showed a significant antiproliferative effect on the cell cycle of this test system and presented a high number of cells in prophase. Our results evidenced the cytotoxicity of rosemary extracts, under the studied conditions.
The role of melanism in oncillas on the temporal segregation of nocturnal activity
Authors: Graipel ME , Oliveira-Santos LGR , Goulart FVB , Tortato MA , Miller PRM , Cáceres NC
Published: January 2015

The occurrence of coat colour polymorphisms in populations may promote the ecological success of species by permitting a wider spectrum of use of different subsets of available resources. We conducted an analysis of temporal segregation by comparing night brightness with nocturnal activity of spotted and melanistic oncillas (Leopardus tigrinus). Melanistic oncillas were more active during bright nights and spotted oncillas and other species were more active during dark nights. Each colour morph occupied a temporal niche outside the confidence interval of the other colour morph, demonstrating the ecological significance of polymorphic colour patterns in this felid species.
The recognition of Dendropsophus minusculus () (Hylidae, Dendropsophini) as a highly polymorphic, multi-domain distributed species
Authors: Zina J , Silva GR , Loebmann D , Orrico VGD
Published: January 2015

Herein we present new occurrences of sites of Dendropsophus minusculus in Brazil adding information about reproductive biology and colour patterns of the species. Such information is fundamental for characterising the species that we believe has been neglected due to its morphological similarity with other congeneric species. Dendropsophus minusculus may be found in different morphoclimatic domains, being one of the most generalist species of the genus in this aspect. The species plasticity is not restricted to its occurrence, but also related to aspects of its reproductive biology, and we hypothesised that the latter feature could explain the wide geographical range of the species. We highlight the importance of further in-depth studies and the use of D. minusculus as a model to understand the historical events responsible for the current geographical distribution of the morphoclimatic domains in Brazil.
Effects of sciatic nerve transection on glucose uptake in the presence and absence of lactate in the frog dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord
Authors: Rigon F , Horst A , Kucharski LC , Silva RSM , Faccioni-Heuser MC , Partata WA
Published: January 2015

Frogs have been used as an alternative model to study pain mechanisms because the simplicity of their nervous tissue and the phylogenetic aspect of this question. One of these models is the sciatic nerve transection (SNT), which mimics the clinical symptoms of “phantom limb”, a condition that arises in humans after amputation or transverse spinal lesions. In mammals, the SNT increases glucose metabolism in the central nervous system, and the lactate generated appears to serve as an energy source for nerve cells. An answerable question is whether there is elevated glucose uptake in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after peripheral axotomy. As glucose is the major energy substrate for frog nervous tissue, and these animals accumulate lactic acid under some conditions, bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus were used to demonstrate the effect of SNT on DRG and spinal cord 1-[14C] 2-deoxy-D-glucose (14C-2-DG) uptake in the presence and absence of lactate. We also investigated the effect of this condition on the formation of 14CO2 from 14C-glucose and 14C-L-lactate, and plasmatic glucose and lactate levels. The 3-O-[14C] methyl-D-glucose (14C-3-OMG) uptake was used to demonstrate the steady-state tissue/medium glucose distribution ratio under these conditions. Three days after SNT, 14C-2-DG uptake increased, but 14C-3-OMG uptake remained steady. The increase in 14C-2-DG uptake was lower when lactate was added to the incubation medium. No change was found in glucose and lactate oxidation after SNT, but lactate and glucose levels in the blood were reduced. Thus, our results showed that SNT increased the glucose metabolism in the frog DRG and spinal cord. The effect of lactate on this uptake suggests that glucose is used in glycolytic pathways after SNT.
Como hacer funcionar la democracia: Capital social y tradiciones cívicas en la Italia moderna
Authors: Putnam Robert , Subirats Joan
Published: January 2015

El libro que aquí presentamos es ya todo un clásico de la Ciencia Política contemporánea, y como tal es un pleno acierto su inclusión en la nueva colección de "Clásicos Contemporáneos" que edita el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. Desde la aparición del libro, y en menos de veinte años, Putnam ha logrado catapultar el concepto de "capital social" desde un ámbito estrictamente académico al mundo de las instituciones internacionales y al escenario de relaciones entre poderes públicos, mercado y sociedad civil. Un concepto que, si bien fue puesto en circulación anteriormente por otros autores, desde la aportación de Putnam ha alcanzado niveles de utilización que, aunque puedan resultar discutibles desde una lógica estrictamente académica, demuestran el atractivo de una formulación que, al menos aparentemente, es capaz de explicar situaciones, desequilibrios y problemas que no encuentran fácil acomodo en otras formulaciones. La clave del libro reside en la voluntad de explicar el buen rendimiento de las instituciones de gobierno, aunque posteriormente, la capacidad expansiva del concepto se demostró muy superior a este primer empeño.
Medida de regularidade do espaçamento de plantas de milho em diferentes sistemas de manejo
Authors: Storck Lindolfo , Modolo Alcir J. , Brum Betania , Trogello Emerson , Franchin Marcia F. , Adami Paulo F.
Published: January 2015

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, obter a medida de regularidade (MR) do espaçamento entre plantas de milho e o número ótimo de plantas em sequência para estimar a MR em diferentes sistemas de manejo. No primeiro estudo foram avaliados os efeitos de quatro manejos da palha em parcelas principais, dois mecanismos sulcadores (disco duplo e haste sulcadora) em subparcelas e duas velocidades da máquina (4,5 e 7,0 km h-1) em subsubparcelas e no segundo se avaliaram quatro intensidades de pastejo em parcelas principais além de dois mecanismos sulcadores, em subparcelas. Foram avaliadas a produção de grãos e a distância entre as 40 plantas consecutivas no primeiro estudo e 18 plantas no segundo. Em cada unidade experimental foi calculada a média da distância entre as plantas e a MR. Procedeu-se à análise de variância com vista à produção de grãos, à média das distâncias e à MR, segundo o modelo de cada estudo. Para estimar a MR é suficiente usar as medidas das distâncias entre 26 plantas de milho para estudo de manejo de palha e 16 plantas de milho para o estudo do pastejo. A estatística, chamada medida de regularidade, pode ser usada para avaliar a exatidão de distribuição das sementes ou plantas de milho, passível de ser aplicada nos casos de laudo técnico de funcionamento de semeadoras.
Produção da mamoneira submetida a combinações com fontes de fósforo e calagem
Authors: Silveira Thiago C. , Pegoraro Rodinei F. , Portugal Arley F. , Resende Alvaro V. de
Published: January 2015

A mamoneira é considerada cultura exigente em fósforo haja vista que a nutrição fosfatada adequada com a utilização de fontes solúveis em conjunto com fontes naturais, pode aumentar a eficiência de absorção do fósforo e a produtividade de mamona. Objetivou-se avaliar os componentes de produção da mamoneira após a combinação de adubações com fosfato solúvel e natural, na ausência e na presença de calagem. O estudo foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 envolvendo duas doses de calcário (com e sem calcário) e cinco combinações de adubação fosfatada: testemunha (0 kg ha-1 de P2O5); 100% de fosfato natural (560 kg ha-1), fosfato natural (560 kg ha-1 ) + MAP (188 kg ha-1); fosfato natural (560 kg ha-1 ) + ½ MAP (94 kg ha-1) e 100% MAP (188 kg ha-1) com quatro repetições em blocos ao acaso. As características avaliadas foram o comprimento dos racemos primário e secundário, o número de bagas, a massa de casca, a massa de bagas, a massa de grãos, a massa de 100 grãos e a relação entre massa de grãos/massa de bagas. A combinação de fosfato natural + MAP propiciou, na presença de calcário, maior produção de grãos de mamoneira (1.455 kg ha-1) e incrementou a maioria dos demais componentes de produção estudados.
Reaproveitamento de resíduos de embalagens Tetra Pak-® em coberturas
Authors: Silva Karen C. P. da , Campos Alessandro T. , Yanagi Junior Tadayuki , Cecchin Daiane , Lourençoni Dian , Ferreira Jacqueline C.
Published: January 2015

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o reaproveitamento de embalagens Tetra Pak-® junto a telhas de fibrocimento e o uso de telhas recicladas à base de embalagens Tetra Pak-® no conforto térmico em modelos físicos em escala reduzida de instalações rurais. Para testar os diferentes materiais de cobertura, foram construídos seis modelos: telhas recicladas à base de embalagens Tetra Pak-®, telhas cerâmicas, telhas de fibrocimento, telhas de alumínio, telhas de fibrocimento com subcobertura de embalagens Tetra Pak-® com a face aluminizada voltada para cima e telhas de fibrocimento com forro de embalagens Tetra Pak-® com a face aluminizada voltada para cima. Os dados foram coletados no período de dezembro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013, das 9 às 17 h, em intervalos de 20 min. É possível afirmar que as telhas recicladas apresentaram índices de conforto térmico com valores semelhantes aos apresentados por outros materiais de cobertura, como as telhas cerâmicas. O reaproveitamento das embalagens Tetra Pak-® como forro contribuiu para redução dos valores médios de índice de temperatura e umidade, índice de temperatura de globo e umidade e carga térmica de radiação.
Atributos químicos da solução e do solo após aplicação de resíduo da extração de celulose
Authors: Maciel Thais M. S. , Alves Marlene C. , Silva Flavia C.
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar, em casa de vegetação e usando colunas de solo e ciclos de umedecimento, o efeito da aplicação de resíduos da extração de celulose sobre a composição química do solo e da solução extraída de dois Latossolos Vermelhos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1 - Sem adição de calcário e resíduo (testemunha); T2 - 1,0 t ha-1 de calcário calcítico; T3 - 1,2 t ha-1 de dregs/grits; T4 - 0,8 t ha-1 de lama de cal; T5 - 2,4 t ha-1 de cinza; T6 - 1,8 t ha-1 de dregs/grits + lama de cal + cinza na proporção 1:3:6; T7 - 1,0 t ha-1 de dregs/grits + lama de cal na proporção 1:3. A avaliação da composição química da solução extraída de cada solo estudado, foi realizada durante quatro meses de incubação e análises químicas do solo, após este período. Os resultados foram analisados efetuando-se a análise de variância e o teste de Tukey para as comparações de média no nível de 0,05 de probabilidade. Dentre os tratamentos aplicados o 1,2 t ha-1 de dregs/grits pode não ser adequado para utilização no solo visto que transferiu maior concentração de Na+ para a solução do solo em relação ao recomendado pela literatura enquanto o tratamento 2,4 t ha-1 de cinza pode ser utilizado como fonte de K ao solo.
Bilateral mandibular dentigerous cysts: a case report
Authors: MORAIS Hécio Henrique Araújo de , DIAS Tasiana Guedes de Souza , VASCONCELLOS Ricardo José de Holanda , VASCONCELOS Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , MELO Auremir Rocha , GONDIM David Alencar , CARVALHO Ricardo Wathson Feitosa de
Published: January 2015

Dentigerous cysts are frequently found in the maxilla. After radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts are those most commonly diagnosed, accounting for 20% of all jaw cysts. They are often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during routine examinations. Clinical complications such as dental displacement, ectopic eruption, dental impaction, adjacent tooth root resorption, cortical expansion with facial asymmetry, paresthesia, pathological fracture, and even malignant transformation may occur. Despite these classical features, definitive diagnosis must always be based on histological examination. Most dentigerous cysts are solitary. The aim of this article is to report a case of bilateral mandibular dentigerous cysts in a non-syndromic patient and, through a literature review, present the available treatment modalities used successfully in this case.
Maxillary complete denture rehabilitation of a patient with marked maxillomandibular discrepancy: a clinical case report
Authors: PEGORARO Roque Alécio , DETTENBORN Helder Luis , BERGESCH Vânia
Published: January 2015

Dentistry is constantly concerned with enabling better living conditions for patients, as well as providing comfort so that functions such as chewing, speaking, and swallowing may be executed properly and esthetically satisfactory. In edentulous patients, many of these functions are lost, but can be restored by prosthodontics. Within this context, the present article seeks to report a clinical case in which a maxillary complete denture was made for a patient presenting with maxillomandibular discrepancy and marked maxillary prognathism.
A method of comparing the wear resistance of various materials used for artificial teeth
Authors: SILVA Claudia Maria Zarpelon , EDUARDO José Virgílio de Paula , MIRANDA Milton Edson , BASTING Roberta Tarkany , OLIVIERI Karina Andrea Novaes
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE: Abrasion resistance of three commercial brands of acrylic resin for artificial teeth, available on the domestic market (Biotone(r), Plus(r) and Vipi Dent Artiplus(r)) was evaluated by a new methodology called "Pirassununga Method ". METHODS: The Manufacturers produced the maxillary central incisor-shaped incisal resin specimens (n=27). These were embedded in chemically activated acrylic resin in an insulated metal matrix to fabricate test specimens, which were flattened on a lathe and refined manually with sandpaper. Wear testing was conducted in an experimental machine at the Vipi dental products factory. In the "Pirassununga Method" a polished metal sphere 4.8 mm in diameter, attached to a rotary device passes over the fixed specimens in programmable cycles, under 5N pressure, using distilled water as lubricant. In each sample, the groove caused by abrasion, was analyzed in two ways: Readout under a microscope to determine the breadth and depth of the groove caused by the ball, and by laser roughness meter readout, which obtained a value Rt. RESULTS: The nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference between the medians of brands evaluated in the cycles performed (p = 0.936). CONCLUSION: Artiplus(r) Brand showed a lower tendency to wear than commercial brands Biotone(r) and Plus(r) Vipi Dent, with the best performance shown for the IPN polymer.
Effect of Watsu therapy on psychological aspects and quality of life of patients with temporomandibular disorder: case report
Authors: BARBOSA Gustavo Augusto Seabra , ROCHA Cibele Oliveira Melo , RESENDE Camila Maria Bastos Machado de , SALES Kelly Verônica de Melo
Published: January 2015

Watsu therapy is a water relaxation intervention technique performed individually in a warm pool with music and peaceful settings involving harmonious rotational movements, stretching, tractions on the joints and pressures at the points of muscle tension. This study evaluated the effect of Watsu therapy on psychological aspects (anxiety and minor psychiatric disorders) and on the quality of life of a patient with temporomandibular disorders. The patient answered three questionnaires: STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and GHQ (Goldberg Health Questionnaire) to assess anxiety and psychiatric disorders respectively, and WHOQOL- Brief (World Health Organization Quality of Life) to assess quality of life. Watsu therapy has been used in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) such as myofascial pain diagnosed by RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders). Psychological aspects and quality of life were assessed before and after Watsu therapy. The results after treatment showed relevant and significant improvement on all indices evaluated. Therefore, it was shown that Watsu therapy was effective in reducing anxiety and minor psychiatric disorders, as well as improved quality of life of patients with temporomandibular disorder.
An unusual pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: QUEIROZ Christiano Sampaio , AZEVEDO Roberto Almeida de , TRINDADE NETO Antonio Irineu , PONTES Caetano Guilherme Carvalho , MOURA Rafael de Queiroz
Published: January 2015

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm in major and minor salivary glands. It constitutes approximately 90% of all benign salivary gland lesions and the parotid is the most affected location. When the minor salivary glands are affected, it mostly occurs at the junction of the hard and soft palates. The diagnosis is complex because of the great histological variety and biological behavior of this tumor, a histopathological examination being essential. The recommended treatment is surgical excision. For lesions located superficially in the parotid gland, superficial parotidectomy - identifying and preserving the facial nerve - is necessary. Lesions in the palate or gums sometimes demand a margin of safety, being excised below the periosteum, including the overlying mucosa. With correct surgical removal, the prognosis is excellent. The aim of this study is to report a case of an unusual minor salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma in the hard palate, describing the most important aspects of this pathology.
Efficacy of casein derivate CPP-ACP1
Authors: PEREIRA Renata Faria , LEAL Soraya Coelho
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE: A literature review of systematic reviews and in situ and in vivo randomized controlled trials was conducted in order to assess the role of casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate in providing caries-preventive effect superior to any intervention or placebo. METHODS: Initially, Pubmed database was searched for systematic reviews. Two systematic reviews were identified, which concluded that the quantity and quality of randomized controlled trials were insufficient to recommend the clinical use of the product. After this, Pubmed database was searched for in situ and in vivo randomized controlled trials that were not included in the reviews identified. In vivo and in situ studies yielded mixed results. RESULTS: In situ studies indicated greater efficacy of casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate in comparison with placebo. Whereas, in vivo studies demonstrated different findings CONCLUSION: Casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate had a performance equivalent to or greater efficacy than placebo; fluoride was more effective than the casein complex; casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate associated with fluoride showed better or equivalent performance to that of placebo. In view of available evidence, it was not possible to generalize the indication of casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate for preventing dental caries. Further studies on the preventive effect and longer treatment applications are recommended.
Epidemiology of malocclusion in children and adolescents: a critic review
Authors: CARVALHO Fábio Silva de , CARVALHO Cristiane Alves Paz de , SALES-PERES Arsenio , BASTOS José Roberto de Magalhães , SALES-PERES Sílvia Helena de Carvalho
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this literature review about malocclusion was to identify epidemiologic instruments which are being used in Public Health, as well as to bring information regarding the occlusal alterations more prevalent in children and adolescents. METHODS: Information presented in previous studies was reviewed, in articles published in period 1997-2007, considering the production registered in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online, International Database for Medical Literature and Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography. RESULTS: The total of 191 identified references, 170 had been eliminated after the implementation of the exclusion criteria and 21 articles met the proposed inclusion criteria and had served of base for this work. The use of different criteria made difficult the comparison of studies in literature and did not offer parameters that can guide the scientific evidences. CONCLUSION: The most used epidemiologic indices were Dental Aesthetic Index and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and it was observed predominance of open bite in the deciduous dentition and crowding in the mixed and permanent dentitions.