bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superconducting energy storage technology-based synthetic inertia system control to enhance frequency dynamic performance in microgrids with high renewable penetration
Authors: Magdy Gaber , Bakeer Abualkasim , Alhasheem Mohammed
Published: November 2021

With high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in modern power systems, system frequency becomes more prone to fluctuation as RESs do not naturally have inertial properties. A conventional energy storage system (ESS) based on a battery has been used to tackle the shortage in system inertia but has low and short-term power support during the disturbance. To address the issues, this paper proposes a new synthetic inertia control (SIC) design with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system to mimic the necessary inertia power and damping properties in a short time and thereby regulate the microgrid (µG) frequency during disturbances. In addition, system frequency deviation is reduced by employing the proportional-integral (PI) controller with the proposed SIC system. The efficacy of the proposed SIC system is validated by comparison with the conventional ESS and SMES systems without using the PI controller, under various load/renewable perturbations, nonlinearities, and uncertainties. The simulation results highlight that the proposed system with SMES can efficiently manage several disturbances and high system uncertainty compared to the conventional ESS and SMES systems, without using the PI controller.
An unexpected sudden death due to a choroid plexus papilloma: an autopsy case report
Authors: Zaara Mohamed Amine , Gharsallaoui Sarra , Abdessayed Nihed , Mestiri Sarra , Chiba Dorra , Dhiab Mohamed Ben , Mokni Moncef
Published: November 2021

Background

Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are histopathologically benign and rare central nervous system tumors. These tumors remain more frequent in children than adults. It is infrequent for these tumors to cause a sudden unexpected death. We aim in this case to discuss the unusual and fatal presentation of choroid plexus papilloma and the mechanism of death.

Case presentation

we report the case of a 61-year-old man with no medical history, diagnosed at autopsy with a previously unknown CPP. Initial complaints were chronic headache occurring in the last month and acute chest pain for two days. The forensic autopsy including the histopathologic examination showed a tumoral mass of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle diagnosed as a psammomatous CPP. The cause of death in this case was attributed to a massive cerebral edema caused by the tumoral mass.

Conclusions

Through this case report, we stress the importance of an early and a vigorous investigation of every headache and an early detection of this tumor and we highlight as well the role of the post mortem examination to detect such a fatal complication.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Fosnetupitant Versus Fosaprepitant for Prevention of Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: CONSOLE
Authors: Hata Akito , Okamoto Isamu , Inui Naoki , Okada Morihito , Morise Masahiro , Akiyoshi Kohei , Takeda Masayuki , Watanabe Yasutaka , Sugawara Shunichi , Shinagawa Naofumi , Kubota Kaoru , Saeki Toshiaki , Tamura Tomohide
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of fosnetupitant (FosNTP) versus fosaprepitant (FosAPR) for preventing highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This phase III study was the first head-to-head comparison between two different neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients scheduled to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to FosNTP 235 mg or FosAPR 150 mg in combination with palonosetron 0.75 mg and dexamethasone. The primary end point was overall (0-120 hours) complete response (CR; no emetic event and no rescue medication) rate, stratified by sex and age category, to show the noninferiority of FosNTP to FosAPR (noninferiority margin, –10% for the difference in the overall CR rate).

RESULTS

Overall, 795 patients were randomly assigned, of whom 785 received the study drug (FosNTP [N = 392] v FosAPR [N = 393]) and were evaluated for efficacy and safety. The overall CR rate was 75.2% versus 71.0%, respectively (Mantel-Haenszel common risk difference, 4.1%; 95% CI, –2.1% to 10.3%), demonstrating noninferiority of FosNTP to FosAPR. The CR rates in the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (24-120 hours), and beyond delayed (120-168 hours) phases, and at 0-168 hours were 93.9% versus 92.6%, 76.8% versus 72.8%, 86.5% versus 81.4%, and 73.2% versus 66.9%, respectively. The incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events with FosNTP versus FosAPR were 22.2% versus 25.4%, whereas adverse events or treatment-related adverse events relevant to injection site reactions were 11.0% versus 20.6% ( P < .001) and 0.3% versus 3.6% ( P < .001), respectively.

CONCLUSION

FosNTP demonstrated noninferiority to FosAPR, with a favorable safety profile and lower risk for injection site reactions. Thus, FosNTP is valuable in the prophylaxis of acute, delayed, and beyond delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Influence of 3D printing stress wave on residual stress
Authors: Zhao Li , Jiang Zhaoliang , Zhang Cheng , Liu Wenping
Published: November 2021

As a popular rapid manufacturing technology, three-dimensional printing (3D printing) has been widely adopted in medical, automotive, aerospace, construction and other industrial fields. The stereo lithography apparatus (SLA) is an effective 3D printing method for ceramic printing. However, shrinkage from monomer to polymer and laser stress wave cause residual stress in the formed parts during SLA. Serious quality defects including cracks, warpage and deformation caused by residual stress have remained to be a problem. Basically, the laser stress wave plays an important role in the generation of 3D printing residual stress. In this work, to investigate the propagation mechanism of the laser stress wave, the finite element method was adopted to simulate the SLA process of zirconia. The influence of 3D printing factors on the residual stress was obtained, and we found that the wave velocity of the stress wave obtained by the simulation model was highly consistent with the theoretical wave velocity. Meanwhile, the attenuation formula of the stress wave in the 3D printing process was obtained by fitting to investigate its attenuation law. Based on the above results, the attenuation law of the 3D printing stress wave has a direct influence on the development and variation trend of its residual stress.
New Horizons—Cognitive Dysfunction Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moran Chris , Than Stephanie , Callisaya Michele , Beare Richard , Srikanth Velandai
Published: November 2021

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cognitive dysfunction increases with age. As society ages, clinicians will be increasingly tasked with managing older people who have both T2D and cognitive dysfunction. T2D is associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and hence there is increasing interest in whether T2D is a causal factor in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and dementia. Recent advances in the use of sensitive measures of in vivo brain dysfunction in life-course studies can help understand potential mechanistic pathways and also help guide recommendations for clinical practice.

In this article we will describe new horizons in the understanding of cognitive dysfunction associated with T2D. Coming from a clinical perspective, we discuss potential mechanisms and pathways linking the 2 conditions and the contribution of multimodal neuroimaging and study designs to advancing understanding in the field. We also highlight the important issues on the horizon that will need addressing in clinical identification, management, and risk reduction for people with coexistent T2D and cognitive dysfunction.
Optimizing the Timing of Highest Hydrocortisone Dose in Children and Adolescents With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Schröder Mariska A M , van Herwaarden Antonius E , Span Paul N , van den Akker Erica L T , Bocca Gianni , Hannema Sabine E , van der Kamp Hetty J , de Kort Sandra W K , Mooij Christiaan F , Schott Dina A , Straetemans Saartje , van Tellingen Vera , van der Velden Janiëlle A , Sweep Fred C G J , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L
Published: November 2021

Context

Hydrocortisone treatment of young patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is given thrice daily, but there is debate about the optimal timing of the highest hydrocortisone dose, either mimicking the physiological diurnal rhythm (morning), or optimally suppressing androgen activity (evening).

Objective

We aimed to compare 2 standard hydrocortisone timing strategies, either highest dosage in the morning or evening, with respect to hormonal status throughout the day, nocturnal blood pressure (BP), and sleep and activity scores.

Methods

This 6-week crossover study included 39 patients (aged 4-19 years) with 21OHD. Patients were treated for 3 weeks with the highest hydrocortisone dose in the morning, followed by 3 weeks with the highest dose in the evening (n = 21), or vice versa (n = 18). Androstenedione (A4) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels were quantified in saliva collected at 5 am; 7 am; 3 pm; and 11 pm during the last 2 days of each treatment period. The main outcome measure was comparison of saliva 17OHP and A4 levels between the 2 treatment strategies.

Results

Administration of the highest dose in the evening resulted in significantly lower 17OHP levels at 5 am, whereas the highest dose in the morning resulted in significantly lower 17OHP and A4 levels in the afternoon. The 2 treatment dose regimens were comparable with respect to averaged daily hormone levels, nocturnal BP, and activity and sleep scores.

Conclusion

No clear benefit for either treatment schedule was established. Given the variation in individual responses, we recommend individually optimizing dose distribution and monitoring disease control at multiple time points.
Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Appraisal of Risk Factors
Authors: Nieto Hannah R , Thornton Caitlin E M , Brookes Katie , Nobre de Menezes Albert , Fletcher Alice , Alshahrani Mohammed , Kocbiyik Merve , Sharma Neil , Boelaert Kristien , Cazier Jean-Baptiste , Mehanna Hisham , Smith Vicki E , Read Martin L , McCabe Christopher J
Published: November 2021

Context

Thyroid cancer recurrence is associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes. Recurrence risk is currently predicted using clinical tools, often restaging patients after treatment. Detailed understanding of recurrence risk at disease onset could lead to personalized and improved patient care.

Objective

We aimed to perform a comprehensive bioinformatic and experimental analysis of 3 levels of genetic change (mRNA, microRNA, and somatic mutation) apparent in recurrent tumors and construct a new combinatorial prognostic risk model.

Methods

We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas data (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed genes (mRNA/microRNA) in 46 recurrent vs 455 nonrecurrent thyroid tumors. Two exonic mutational pipelines were used to identify somatic mutations. Functional gene analysis was performed in cell-based assays in multiple thyroid cell lines. The prognostic value of genes was evaluated with TCGA datasets.

Results

We identified 128 new potential biomarkers associated with recurrence, including 40 mRNAs, 39 miRNAs, and 59 genetic variants. Among differentially expressed genes, modulation of FN1, ITGα3, and MET had a significant impact on thyroid cancer cell migration. Similarly, ablation of miR-486 and miR-1179 significantly increased migration of TPC-1 and SW1736 cells. We further utilized genes with a validated functional role and identified a 5-gene risk score classifier as an independent predictor of thyroid cancer recurrence.

Conclusion

Our newly proposed risk model based on combinatorial mRNA and microRNA expression has potential clinical utility as a prognostic indicator of recurrence. These findings should facilitate earlier prediction of recurrence with implications for improving patient outcome by tailoring treatment to disease risk and increasing posttreatment surveillance.
Regulation of AKT Signaling in Mouse Uterus
Authors: Sirohi Vijay K , Medrano Theresa I , Mesa Ana M , Kannan Athilakshmi , Bagchi Indrani C , Cooke Paul S
Published: November 2021

17β-estradiol (E2) treatment of ovariectomized adult mice stimulates the uterine PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and epithelial proliferation through estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). However, epithelial proliferation occurs independently of E2/ESR1 signaling in neonatal uteri. Similarly, estrogen-independent uterine epithelial proliferation is seen in adulthood in mice lacking Ezh2, critical for histone methylation, and in wild-type (WT) mice treated neonatally with estrogen. The role of AKT in estrogen-independent uterine epithelial proliferation was the focus of this study. Expression of the catalytically active phosphorylated form of AKT (p-AKT) and epithelial proliferation were high in estrogen receptor 1 knockout and WT mice at postnatal day 6, when E2 concentrations were low, indicating that neither ESR1 nor E2 are essential for p-AKT expression and epithelial proliferation in these mice. However, p-AKT levels and proliferation remained estrogen responsive in preweaning WT mice. Expression of p-AKT and proliferation were both high in uterine luminal epithelium of mice estrogenized neonatally and ovariectomized during adulthood. Increased expression of phosphorylated (inactive) EZH2 was also observed. Consistent with this, Ezh2 conditional knockout mice show ovary-independent uterine epithelial proliferation and high epithelial p-AKT. Thus, adult p-AKT expression is constitutive and E2/ESR1 independent in both model systems. Finally, E2-induced p-AKT expression and normal uterine proliferation did not occur in mice lacking membrane (m)ESR1, indicating a key role for membrane ESR1 in AKT activation. These findings emphasize the importance of AKT activation in promoting uterine epithelial proliferation even when that proliferation is not E2/ESR1 dependent and further indicate that p-AKT can be uncoupled from E2/ESR1 signaling in several experimental scenarios.
In vivo proximity biotin ligation identifies the interactome of Egalitarian, a Dynein cargo adaptor
Authors: Baker Frederick C. , Neiswender Hannah , Veeranan-Karmegam Rajalakshmi , Gonsalvez Graydon B.
Published: November 2021

Numerous motors of the Kinesin family contribute to plus-end-directed microtubule transport. However, almost all transport towards the minus-end of microtubules involves Dynein. Understanding the mechanism by which Dynein transports this vast diversity of cargo is the focus of intense research. In selected cases, adaptors that link a particular cargo with Dynein have been identified. However, the sheer diversity of cargo suggests that additional adaptors must exist. We used the Drosophila egg chamber as a model to address this issue. Within egg chambers, Egalitarian is required for linking mRNA with Dynein. However, in the absence of Egalitarian, Dynein transport into the oocyte is severely compromised. This suggests that additional cargoes might be linked to Dynein in an Egalitarian-dependent manner. We therefore used proximity biotin ligation to define the interactome of Egalitarian. This approach yielded several novel interacting partners, including P body components and proteins that associate with Dynein in mammalian cells. We also devised and validated a nanobody-based proximity biotinylation strategy that can be used to define the interactome of any GFP-tagged protein.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid modulates barrier function and systemic T-cell homeostasis during intestinal inflammation
Authors: Diaz Oscar E. , Sorini Chiara , Morales Rodrigo A. , Luo Xinxin , Frede Annika , Krais Annette M. , Chávez Myra N. , Wincent Emma , Das Srustidhar , Villablanca Eduardo J.
Published: November 2021

The intestinal epithelium is continuously exposed to deleterious environmental factors that might cause aberrant immune responses leading to inflammatory disorders. However, what environmental factors might contribute to disease are poorly understood. Here, to overcome the lack of in vivo models suitable for screening of environmental factors, we used zebrafish reporters of intestinal inflammation. Using zebrafish, we interrogated the immunomodulatory effects of polyfluoroalkyl substances, which have been positively associated with ulcerative colitis incidence. Exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) during 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammation enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines as well as neutrophil recruitment to the intestine of zebrafish larvae, which was validated in the TNBS-induced colitis mouse model. Moreover, PFOS exposure in mice undergoing colitis resulted in neutrophil-dependent increased intestinal permeability and enhanced PFOS translocation into the circulation. This was associated with a neutrophil-dependent expansion of systemic CD4+ T cells. Thus, our results indicate that PFOS worsens inflammation-induced intestinal damage with disruption of T-cell homeostasis beyond the gut and provides a novel in vivo toolbox to screen for pollutants affecting intestinal homeostasis.
Crosstalk between the calcineurin and cell wall integrity pathways prevents chitin overexpression in Candida albicans
Authors: da Silva Dantas Alessandra , Nogueira Filomena , Lee Keunsook K. , Walker Louise A. , Edmondson Matt , Brand Alexandra C. , Lenardon Megan D. , Gow Neil A. R.
Published: November 2021

Echinocandins such as caspofungin are frontline antifungal drugs that compromise β-1,3 glucan synthesis in the cell wall. Recent reports have shown that fungal cells can resist killing by caspofungin by upregulation of chitin synthesis, thereby sustaining cell wall integrity (CWI). When echinocandins are removed, the chitin content of cells quickly returns to basal levels, suggesting that there is a fitness cost associated with having elevated levels of chitin in the cell wall. We show here that simultaneous activation of the calcineurin and CWI pathways generates a subpopulation of Candida albicans yeast cells that have supra-normal chitin levels interspersed throughout the inner and outer cell wall, and that these cells are non-viable, perhaps due to loss of wall elasticity required for cell expansion and growth. Mutations in the Ca2+-calcineurin pathway prevented the formation of these non-viable supra-high chitin cells by negatively regulating chitin synthesis driven by the CWI pathway. The Ca2+-calcineurin pathway may therefore act as an attenuator that prevents the overproduction of chitin by coordinating both chitin upregulation and negative regulation of the CWI signaling pathway.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Mobile banking adoption and usage among Generation Y Malaysians
Authors: Tarawneh Momen , Nguyen Lan Thi Phuong , Fie Yong
Published: November 2021

Background: By 2018, Malaysian mobile banking services made the third-largest amount of banking transactions, following credit card and Internet banking. In addition, it significantly contributes to the banking industry by providing easier transactions to banking consumers.

This study examined factors affecting the intention to use, and the actual use of mobile banking services in Malaysia.

Methods: Two main theories of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (extended version, UTAUT2), and the model of perceived risk, were used to propose a modified framework. Based on the non-probability sampling method, the data were collected from 504 respondents. The data vas analyzed using SPSS and PLS-SEM to derive the findings.

Results: The study's findings revealed that the independent variables could explain 55.3% of the variance in mobile banking use and 60.3% of variance in intention to use variables. Moreover, it demonstrated that common factors that have significantly affected the actual use and intention to use mobile banking were habit, facilitating condition, and interface design quality. In contrast, perceived risk and intention to use were found to only have significant impacts on the use of mobile banking, while effort expectancy was found to only have a significant impact on the intention to use.

Conclusions: The findings of this study provide significant new knowledge on mobile banking, from which mobile banking providers and interface designers can develop potential solutions to increase the usage of mobile banking services in Malaysia.

However, using a qualitative method, the proposed model could only explain 55% of actual use and 60% of intentional use. Thus, additional variables and qualitative techniques may help increase the understanding on the actual use and intention to use.
LA INVENCIÓN DEL DESIERTO. ARTE Y ARQUITECTURA DESDE LA COSTA PERUANA
Authors: Montestruque Bisso Octavio , Asto Altamirano Richard
Published: November 2021

Si pensamos que la selva peruana es vegetación y los Andes son topografía, a la costa la caracterizamos como espacio o vacío esperando ser delimitado. En la segunda mitad del siglo xx, artistas y arquitectos peruanos reflexionan sobre las zonas desérticas alejadas de la ciudad construyendo una narrativa sobre el paisaje. El desierto es conceptualizado como una entidad abstracta, casi como un espejismo de la realidad que se está construyendo en la ciudad. El objetivo del escrito es dar lectura de un paisaje que ha sido idealizado por la alta cultura a pesar de ser una realidad urbana precaria que representa más del 60% de la extensión de Lima Metropolitana, reforzando la tensión entre las categorías de centro y periferia. Más allá de las posibilidades plásticas, la lectura del desierto nos permite centrar el tema con una mirada de actualidad que ayude a construir una ciudad contemporánea y equitativa, manteniendo los valores espaciales y sociales que corresponden al paisaje y el territorio en el cual habitamos. Recordemos que Lima, la ciudad más grande y poblada del Perú, con casi 10 millones de habitantes, es una de las metrópolis más grandes del mundo construidas en un desierto
LA CALLE COMO ESCENOGRAFÍA URBANA. LAS TRANSFORMACIONES DE LARIOS Y ALCAZABILLA EN EL SIGLO XX
Authors: Alarcón González Luisa , Montero-Fernández Francisco
Published: November 2021

Frente al mundo de lo privado, las calles, como estructura primaria de la ciudad, son uno de los principales lugares de encuentro para sus habitantes. Diseñadas para conectar diferentes puntos, su trazado, desarrollo y conformación reflejan cómo es la ciudad a la que pertenecen, cuál es su grado de desarrollo, cómo de complejas son sus funciones y también cómo es la sociedad que las construye, usa y disfruta. En este sentido, el análisis de las transformaciones que han sufrido durante el siglo xx y los comienzos del xxi las calles Larios y Alcazabilla, dos de las vías principales del centro histórico de la ciudad de Málaga, sirven como ejemplo para estudiar cómo han evolucionado los modos de vida en los últimos 130 años y cómo han ido cambiando conceptos hoy día importantes como el patrimonio y la movilidad. La construcción de una calle lleva aparejada normalmente una intencionalidad urbana, y responde a un momento histórico en nuestros casos de estudio; la calle Larios responde inicialmente a una estrategia canónica de transformación urbana decimonónica, mientras que Alcazabilla ha sido construida más por el azar y el devenir de la historia, aunque finalmente sus destinos converjan a comienzos del siglo xxi.
O referencji innych
Authors: Wołk Mariola
Published: November 2021

On the Reference of inni

The study focuses on the adjective inny [other] which appears in sentences in a noun position, yet with the noun absent, e.g. Nie porównuj się do innych; Inni dołączą do nas po 18 [literally in English: Do not compare yourself to others; Others will join as after 6 p.m.]. The analysis focuses on plural (masculine and non-masculine) forms of the adjective, which is related to the assumption that single and plural forms of the expression in question are differentiated functionally. The aim of the analysis is to determine the specificity of the unit as an exponent of reference. The main research issues concerned with the analyzed adjective include an attempt to refute the hypothesis of its substantivization, as well as answering the question whether the unit in its analyzed index (referential) function exhibits features of dictum. The solutions suggested in the study require further investigation, including addressing analyses of referential exponents of synonymous expressions.
Prozodia, semantyka, styl – o hierarchii poziomów ekwiwalencji w tłumaczeniu piosenki kabaretowej (studium przypadku: polskojęzyczne warianty Money… Freda Ebba)
Authors: Wysocka Aneta
Published: November 2021

Prosody, Semantics and Style. On the Hierarchy of Levels of Equivalence in the Translation of Cabaret Songs (Case Study: Polish Versions of Fred Ebb's Money…)

The article is a case study and contains a comparative analysis of four variants of the Polish translation of Fred Ebb and John Kander’s song Money… from the musical “Cabaret”. The author of the translation is Wojciech Młynarski, one of the most respected Polish songwriters of the second half of the twentieth century. In the study, an assumption is made that Młynarski, who repeatedly changed versions of his translation, sought to create the most faithful rendition of the songs from the musical for the needs of the Polish stage. His efforts can be observed at four levels of text organization. The translator aimed mainly for sound equivalence, i.e. conformity with the original song in terms of rhythm (word stress), rhyme (consonance) and voice instrumentation and, to a lesser extent, sound imitation. He also cared about pragmatic equivalence by rendering into Polish the original intentions, with particular emphasis on the modes of indirect communication, such as irony and satire. However, other aspects of equivalence remained in the background. Not everywhere the translator managed to keep the cognitive equivalence, i.e. convergence of imagery, by translating scenes and scenarios that were part of cultural knowledge into parallel ones and, more broadly, by trying to evoke similar images in the mind of the reader and listener. His efforts to achieve the effect of broadly understood stylistic equivalence were also noteworthy; only to a small extent they consisted in giving the right stylistic coloring to the individual lexical items which had their English equivalents, and they mainly boiled down to translating stylistic games that did not necessarily cover the same fragments of the song, though were usually based on the same mechanism (a clash between low and high style, absurdity). The analysis shows that the translator adopted tabular rather than linear approach to the original.
On the origin of Pol. dial. kautek ‘dwarf’, G dial. (EPr.) Kautke ‘ditto’
Authors: Kregždys Rolandas
Published: November 2021

On the Origin of Mythonyms (Pol. dial. kautek, (G dial) (wschprus.) Kautke) Referring to etymological analysis, the author of this article presents a new hypothesis concerning the origin of the Polish mythological name kautek and the East Prussian word Kautke. The analysis refers to the description of derivatives and semantic development of those mythonyms. While summing up the research results, one may conclude that mythological names such as Pol. dial. kautek, G dial. (EPr.) Kautke belong to lexemes of the West Slavic origin. More precisely, those mythonyms are derived from Pol. dial. *kałtunek ‘a mythological being who makes human hair tangled’ ↔ ‘a dwarf’ ← WSl. *kołtun ‘a mythological being’ (> USrb. kołtun ‘wił – a demon living in a tree’ ↔ (M)Pol. (dial.) kołtun ‘hair allegedly tangled because of a disease called trichoma’ < PSl. *kъḷtunъ ‘curled hair’) + dem. suff. Pol. -ek. East Prussian mythologeme Kautke belongs to Polonisms used in the past in the Duchy of Prussia.
Pricing and Optimization in Shared Vehicle Systems: An Approximation Framework
Authors: Banerjee Siddhartha , Freund Daniel , Lykouris Thodoris
Published: November 2021

The optimal management of shared vehicle systems, such as bike-, scooter-, car-, or ride-sharing, is more challenging compared with traditional resource allocation settings because of the presence of spatial externalities—changes in the demand/supply at any location affect future supply throughout the system within short timescales. These externalities are well captured by steady-state Markovian models, which are therefore widely used to analyze such systems. However, using Markovian models to design pricing and other control policies is computationally difficult because the resulting optimization problems are high dimensional and nonconvex. In our work, we design a framework that provides near-optimal policies, for a range of possible controls, that are based on applying the possible controls to achieve spatial balance on average. The optimality gap of these policies improves as the ratio between supply and the number of locations increases and asymptotically goes to zero.
Beyond Spatial Proximity: The Impact of Enhanced Spatial Connectedness from New Bridges on Entrepreneurship
Authors: Dutta Sunasir , Armanios Daniel Erian , Desai Jaison D.
Published: November 2021

Various strands of work have explored how spatial proximity helps (metaphorically) bridge barriers to resource mobilization and foster knowledge transfer. However, much of that work takes spatial connectedness as a given. We argue that spatial connectedness is a distinct construct that affects the extent to which spaces are not just proximate but are actually able to link people, ideas, resources, and knowledge together. We explore one such source of connectedness—physical (not metaphorical) bridges. We find that the opening of newly built bridges enhances startup founding in the local geographic community. Beyond their impact on startup founding, newly built bridges also influence the organizing process for such ventures. This includes a positive impact on the entry of prospective founders into entrepreneurship and an increase in the number of early-stage investors. The subsequently founded ventures are also more likely to engage in recombination and to cross industry boundaries. We explore scope conditions around industry and connective heterogeneity. We also test for robustness to various modeling approaches. The discussion highlights contributions of these findings to the study of entrepreneurship, as well as of organizations and the institutional fields in which they operate.
A Case of Hypercalcemia in an Immunocompetent Patient with Disseminated Mycobacterium marinum Infection with a Rain Barrel as the Most Likely Primary Source
Authors: Uijtendaal Wendy , Yohanna Rima , Visser Folkert , Ossenkoppele Paul , Hess Dorine , Boumans Dennis
Published: November 2021

Infection with Mycobacterium marinum is common in fish, and so human infection usually arises from contact with contaminated water or fish. A solitary papulonodular lesion on a finger or hand is the typical presentation. Disseminated infections are rare and mostly seen in immunocompromised patients. We present a rare case of disseminated M. marinum infection presenting with polyarthritis, tenosynovitis, dactylitis, and (sub)cutaneous and intramuscular lesions in an immunocompetent patient. This case was complicated by hypercalcemia, renal failure and eventually death. A contaminated rain barrel was most likely the primary source of the infection.
Regionalismos e Cooperação em Saúde: a experiência da Unasul | Regionalism and Health Cooperation: the Unasur experience
Authors: Santos Lima Maria Isabel , Villarreal Villamar María del Carmen
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a Unasul-saúde visando compreender suas características, seu legado e os elementos que a diferenciam de outras experiências regionais de cooperação no âmbito da saúde. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, nosso trabalho evidencia que, no marco do regionalismo pós-liberal, a Unasul aprofundou a cooperação política e social e adotou uma perspectiva baseada na promoção do desenvolvimento, da autonomia e da soberania regional. Apesar de diversas limitações, este enfoque permitiu que a Unasul-saúde fosse além das experiências prévias para se tornar o exemplo de cooperação e diplomacia da saúde mais avançado a nível regional.Palavras-chave: Regionalismos, saúde, Unasul. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to analyze the Unasur-health in order to understand its characteristics, its legacy and the elements that differentiate it from other regional experiences of cooperation in health. Based on qualitative research, our work shows that, within the framework of post-liberal regionalism, Unasur has deepened political and social cooperation and adopted a perspective based on the promotion of development, autonomy, and regional sovereignty. Despite several limitations, this approach allowed Unasur-health to go beyond previous experiences to become the most advanced example of health cooperation and diplomacy at the regional level.Keywords: regionalism, health, Unasul. Recebido em: 20 abr. 2021 | Aceito em: 22 set. 2021.
Alterações na Política Externa da Arábia Saudita: uma análise a partir do modelo de Hermann | Changes in Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy: an analysis under the Hermann’s model
Authors: Hendler Bruno , Porta Felipe
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar quais foram os graus de mudança percebidos na política externa da Arábia Saudita nas suas relações com China e Estados Unidos. Para a realização desta análise, utilizamos os conceitos cunhados por Charles Hermann (1990), que explicam as alterações em política externa de um país a partir de quatro graus de mudança e quatro fontes geradoras destas mudanças. Não obstante, a utilização de livros, artigos, notícias e documentos oficiais dos governos foram essenciais para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Assim, argumentamos que há um gradual deslocamento dos Estados Unidos para a China como parceiro prioritário do referido país a partir de 2010, tendência esta acelerada pelos choques externos, como a Primavera Árabe, a queda nos preços internacionais do petróleo e o afastamento dos Estados Unidos do Oriente Médio, e pela ascensão de Mohammed bin Salman ao poder executivo do Reino. Tal deslocamento está associado ao aumento na intensidade e à alteração dos meios pelos quais o país se relaciona com a China. Entretanto, reforçamos que esta tendência não significa um abandono, pela Arábia Saudita, de sua histórica relação com os Estados Unidos.Palavras-chave: Arábia Saudita; Política Externa; Hermann.ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to analyze the levels of changes identified in Saudi Arabia's foreign policy in its relations with China and the United States. To carry out this analysis, we used the concepts formulated by Charles Hermann (1990) about levels and sources of change in a country's foreign policy. Nevertheless, the use of books, articles, news and official government documents were essential for the development of this article. Hence, we argue that there is a gradual shift from the United States to China as a priority partner of Saudi Arabia since 2010, a trend that has been accelerated by external shocks from the International System, such as the Arab Spring, the fall of the international oil prices and the United States withdraw from the Middle East politics and by the rise of Mohammed bin Salman to the executive power. Such a shift is associated with an increase in intensity and a change in the means by which the country relates to China. Notwithstanding, this trend does not mean that Saudi Arabia abandoned its historic relationship with the United States. Keywords: Saudi Arabia; Foreign Policy; Hermann. Recebido em: 28 abr. 2021 | Aceito em: 30 set. 2021.
REGENERAÇÃO DA COBERTURA VEGETAL EM ÁREA DE AGRICULTURA DE CORTE E QUEIMA EM SÃO PEDRO DA SERRA, NOVA FRIBURGO (RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL)
Authors: Costa Karla Karina Santos da , Bertolino Ana Valéria Freire Allemão , Barros Ana Angélica Monteiro
Published: November 2021

A agricultura tradicional de corte e queima é praticada há muito tempo nas áreas florestadas, principalmente em ambientes tropicais. Com a finalidade de avaliar a regeneração da cobertura vegetal após período de pousio de 4 a 7 anos (PO I), de 10 a 12 anos (PO II) e uma área controle florestal com 50 a 70 anos (FL) foram desenvolvidos estudos de fitossociologia da vegetação em uma área experimental em São Pedro da Serra, região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram implantadas três parcelas longitudinais totalizando uma área amostral de 600 m2 em cada sistema. A amostragem englobou plantas arbóreas e arbustivas com DAP > 5 cm, que foram coletadas para posterior identificação. Os resultados sugerem que os sistemas PO I e PO II encontram-se em estágio inicial de regeneração. FL apresenta na sua maioria espécies secundárias iniciais e tardias. As espécies que foram mais representativas nos sistemas foram Machaerium stipitatum e Psychotria vellosiana, ambas comuns em áreas degradadas. As famílias com maior valor de importância foram Euphorbiaceae em PO I, Leguminosae em PO II e Rubiaceae em FL, que de acordo com outros estudos, são as que mais contribuem com espécies na Mata Atlântica na região Sudeste.
Por uma escola democrática: contribuições de Paulo Freire
Authors: Barros Maria de Lourdes Teixeira , Marcondes de Souza Maria Inês Galvão Flores
Published: November 2021

Paulo Freire, um pensador que construiu um projeto de educação emancipatória contra a opressão e a favor da liberdade, vem sendo justamente homenageado neste centenário de seu nascimento com muitas reflexões acerca de sua obra e das inúmeras contribuições para a educação, no Brasil e no mundo. Este ensaio tem por objetivo tratar dessas contribuições, em especial quanto às políticas públicas inovadoras que foram concretizadas quando de sua experiência como Secretário de Educação na cidade de São Paulo. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e documental, foi possível estabelecer um diálogo com suas políticas educacionais e compreender princípios fundamentais para a construção de uma escola verdadeiramente democrática, quais sejam: participação, descentralização e autonomia. Seja para a ação pedagógica em sala de aula ou para a gestão educacional, Freire contempla tais princípios em sua práxis e deixa um legado essencial para os educadores comprometidos com a justiça social.
Paulo Freire e Martin-Baró, caminhos cruzados: Um ensaio de compreensão sobre consciência e educação
Authors: Gonçalves Ruth Maria de Paula , Castro Valeska Mariano
Published: November 2021

O artigo traz o complexo categorial de Paulo Freire, destacando sua influência nos estudos de Martín-Baró, buscando evidenciar a contribuição de tais fundamentos na objetivação de atividades educativas voltadas ao adolescente na escola pública, considerando a consciência como norte. Nesse sentido, intentamos revisitar obras dos autores referidos, as quais são pertinentes ao cerne de nossa questão central. Com efeito, os lineamentos teóricos freirianos da Pedagogia do Oprimido são examinados no contexto da práxis psicológica pensada por Martin-Baró. Ademais, o artigo intitulado, além de estudos que tratem da questão do adolescente como sujeito social e historicamente mediado são a bússola para analisar as categorias consciência e conscientização no que se refere a práxis. Iluminados pela ontologia marxiana e nos apoiando em Vigotski, Leontiev, Montero, Lane e Góis, buscamos trazer uma perspectiva do desenvolvimento humano, em particular, a adolescência, identificando limites e possibilidades do quefazer da psicologia e da educação; diante da relação de opressão vivida pelo homem no contexto do antagonismo entre capital e trabalho.
Editorial
Authors: Paiva Jane , Leonardi Paula
Published: November 2021

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Careful return to elective orthopaedic surgery in an acute hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic shows no increase in morbidity or mortality
Authors: Jabbal Monu , Campbel Nathan , Savaridas Terence , Raza Ali
Published: November 2021

Aims

Elective orthopaedic surgery was cancelled early in the COVID-19 pandemic and is currently running at significantly reduced capacity in most institutions. This has resulted in a significant backlog to treatment, with some hospitals projecting that waiting times for arthroplasty is three times the pre-COVID-19 duration. There is concern that the patient group requiring arthroplasty are often older and have more medical comorbidities—the same group of patients advised they are at higher risk of mortality from catching COVID-19. The aim of this study is to investigate the morbidity and mortality in elective patients operated on during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare this to a pre-pandemic cohort. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were perioperative complications, including nosocomial COVID-19 infection. These operations were performed in a district general hospital, with COVID-19 acute admissions in the same building.

Methods

Our institution reinstated elective operations using a “Blue stream” pathway, which involves isolation before and after surgery, COVID-19 testing pre-admission, and separation of ward and theatre pathways for “blue” patients. A register of all arthroplasties was taken, and their clinical course and investigations recorded.

Results

During a seven-month period, 340 elective arthroplasties were performed. There was zero mortality. One patient had a positive swab for COVID-19 while an inpatient, but remained asymptomatic. There were two readmissions within a 12-week period for hip dislocation. Patients had a mean age of 68 years (28 to 90), mean BMI of 30 kg/m2 (19.0 to 45.6), and mean American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of 2 (1 to 3).

Conclusion

Results show no increased morbidity or mortality in this cohort of patients compared to the same hospital’s morbidity and mortality pre-COVID-19. The screened pathway for elective patients is effective in ensuring that patients can be safely operated on electively in an acute hospital. This study should reassure clinicians and patients that arthroplasties can be carried out safely when the appropriate precautions are in place. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):940–944.
A New Look at the Occurrences of the Rare-Earth Elements in the Georgia Kaolins
Authors: Elliott W. Crawford , Gardner Daniel J. , Malla Prakash , Riley Ed
Published: November 2021

The high-density siliciclastic minerals (e.g. zircon) in the coarse fractions (>44 mm, informally known as grit) of the mined Georgia kaolins are potential and significant sources of the rare-earth elements (REE). The abundances and provenance of the REE signature have not been studied extensively for the Georgia kaolins. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to define the contribution of these heavy minerals (e.g. zircon) to the REE inventory of the coarse fractions of Georgia kaolins. Heavy-mineral subfractions separated from the coarse fractions contained 1647 mg/kg REE from the Jeffersonville Member of the Lower Tertiary Huber Formation and 5012 mg/kg REE from the Buffalo Creek Kaolin Member of the Upper Cretaceous Galliard Formation, respectively. These heavy-mineral subfractions were enriched 10–100 times in the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE, Gd—Lu,), Hf, and Zr relative to the concentrations of these elements in Upper Continental Crust. The heavy-mineral subfractions comprised 5% of the coarse fractions (grit) of these two kaolin-producing formations. The heavy-mineral subfractions consisted of zircon, anatase, rutile, kaolinite, and minor amounts of muscovite, trace ilmenite, and staurolite. The large concentrations of REE were obtained by separating the dense heavy minerals from the coarse fraction (grit) obtained during the typical production of kaolin-group minerals (kaolinite) from kaolin ore. The amount of zircon (estimated from the 6–11 wt.% Zr) and the absence of monazite did not explain the high concentrations of REE in the heavy-mineral subfractions. The large amounts of REE could have resulted from the sorption of REE released during weathering reactions, or from the presence of small amounts (0.025 wt.%) each of monazite and xenotime in addition to the presence of zircon. This heavymineral subfraction represented a novel domestic resource of extractable REE, especially the HREE, of a grade as high as 0.50 wt.% total REE.
Cohesive Strength Improvement Mechanism Of Kaolinite Near the Anode During Electroosmotic Chemical Treatment
Authors: Lin Yuan-Shiang , Ou Chang-Yu , Chien Shao-Chi
Published: November 2021

Injection of CaCl2 and Na2SiO3 solutions into clay suspensions during electroosmosis often improves the cohesive strength of clays near the anode and cathode, whereas the cohesive strength of clays between the electrodes remains weak. Although the main improvement mechanism for the cohesive strength of clays near the cathode was demonstrated to be a pozzolanic reaction (formation of calcium silicate hydrate cement), the mechanism of improved cohesive strength near the anode is still not understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism for the improvement of cohesive strength near the anode and, thus, make it possible to determine a way to enhance the range in improvement using kaolinite as the test clay. The test was performed by first injecting CaCl2 solution during electroosmosis until the optimum volume of CaCl2 was attained. This was followed by treatment with Na2SiO3 solution for different lengths of time. The results indicate that the anode region after treatment was acidic (pH = 4) because the electrolysis of water causes acidification near the anode. As Na2SiO3 solution was injected through the anode, the mechanism of cohesive strength improvement of the treated clay near the anode was attributed to the silicic acid polymerization effect provided by the Na2SiO3 solution. The silicic acid may link the clay particles together to form a gel network in a low pH environment. The clay gel network structure developed rigidity as the water content was reduced. In addition, as the volume of injected Na2SiO3 solution was increased, the cohesive strength near the anode also increased.
Learning feature fusion for target detection based on polarimetric imaging
Authors: Gao Sihao , Cao Yu , Zhang Wenjing , Dai Qian , Li Jun , Xu Xiaojun
Published: November 2021

We propose a polarimetric imaging processing method based on feature fusion and apply it to the task of target detection. Four images with distinct polarization orientations were used as one parallel input, and they were fused into a single feature map with richer feature information. We designed a learning feature fusion method using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The fusion strategy was derived from training. Meanwhile, we generated a dataset involving one original image, four polarization orientation images, ground truth masks, and bounding boxes. The effectiveness of our method was compared to that of conventional deep learning methods. Experimental results revealed that our method gets a 0.80 mean average precision (mAP) and a 0.09 miss rate (MR), which are both better than the conventional deep learning method.