bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of xylose from elephant grass liquor and coproduction of organic acids by wild‐type bacteria isolated from food waste
Authors: Menegussi Elisa Bellan , Montipó Sheila , Fontana Roselei Claudete , Paesi Suelen , Camassola Marli
Published: December 2023

During the normal production of ethanol from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, only the solid fraction containing C6 sugars is generally used by unmodified yeasts in the fermentation process – the remaining liquid fraction, rich in xylose, is used almost exclusively by genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or for other purposes. As the liquor can be used in the manufacture of a series of chemical inputs, microorganisms that metabolize C5 sugars from different sources were initially isolated with the aim of converting these sugars into acetic acid (AA) and lactic acid (LA). Experiments were carried out with pretreated elephant grass liquor, evaluating the effect of adding commonly referenced nutrients through experimental design. Thus, the present work involves the isolation, screening, and molecular characterization of bacteria, easily found in nature, with the potential to metabolize xylose and produce AA and LA, with yields similar or superior to those shown in studies employing GMOs. Using wild‐type strains, high yields were obtained with Acetobacter cerevisiae (0.96 g LA and 0.71 g AA per g total sugars) and Levilactobacillus brevis (0.77 g LA and 0.61 g AA per g total sugars) in relation to the organic acids of interest, highlighting the total conversion of the sugar blend (xylose, glucose, and arabinose) in 24 h. Ammonium citrate also significantly influenced the final yields, being responsible for the increase in production. The results are useful for biorefinery platforms and may contribute to the full use of sugars released in the lignocellulosic pretreatment of raw materials.
Complicated atopic dermatitis in a healthy infant: Homemade walnut cream
Authors: Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Emadoleslami Monir Sadat , Pourmahdi‐Boroujeni Mahsa , Bahrami‐Samani Farnaz
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Healthcare providers should educate patients on the appropriate use of topical agents and the potential risks associated with non‐standardized formulations, especially for infants and young children.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is an unconventional treatment method used alongside or in addition to conventional medical treatment methods to improve the healing process. Inappropriate administration of CAM can worsen the condition of diseases and have potential hazards for patients. Herbal therapy is one of the most famous and widely used CAMs in treating various skin disorders. In this case, we report a 4‐month‐old girl with atopic dermatitis who demonstrates ulceronecrotic lesions on her face and extremities besides sepsis 3 days after a walnut's homemade cream consumption. She was treated with intravenous clindamycin and wet‐to‐dry dressing to remove the scabs. This case report shows the potentially hazardous effects of misused traditional and homemade herbal therapy. It highlighted the need to pay particular attention when CAMs are used, especially for infants and young children.
To cool or not to cool: Targeted temperature management to prevent ventricular tachycardia associated with Brugada syndrome
Authors: Kiefer Nicholas J. , Ahuja Tania , Caballero Alexandra , Pashun Raymond Anthony
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

A robust inflammatory and febrile response from acute viral illness such as with SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients with Brugada syndrome may lead to triggering of ventricular arrhythmias. The use of targeted temperature management (TTM) using cooling devices may mitigate the febrile triggering of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Brugada syndrome.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an autosomonal dominant genetic disorder, with a risk of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Triggers of VT in BrS include fevers. Here, we report a case of BrS secondary to SARSs‐CoV‐2 infection and the use of targeted temperature management (TTM) to decrease fever and prevent VT triggering.
Suspected case of benign familial fleck retina with functional loss
Authors: Constable Paul A. , Loh Lynne , Grigg John R.
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Inherited retinal dystrophies typically affect vision in early childhood; however, this case highlights a late onset retinal dystrophy presenting in midlife and the need for extended visual electrophysiology testing to determine the etiology.

A 53‐year‐old female was referred for visual electrophysiology following a routine optometric eye examination in which yellow flecks were noted in both fundi and the patient had reported a recent near accident whilst driving at night. There was no reported family history of eye disease. Retinal examination identified bilateral yellow punctate and irregularly shaped lesions throughout the posterior poles sparing the macula region. Fundus autofluorescence showed coinciding hyperfluorescence with the lesions and bilateral hypofluorescent crescents superior to the macular with corresponding retinal thinning. Visual fields and color vision were normal. ISCEV standard 20 min and extended 60‐min dark adapted electroretinograms were recorded. Recovery to normal b‐wave amplitudes was noted in the DA0.01 flash but reduced a‐wave amplitudes were noted in the DA3 and DA10 flash following both dark adapted periods. Cone function was reduced but within normal limits. Genetic screening revealed a previously unreported variant of unknown significance in the gene PLA2G5:c.40 + 5del (rs1364254561) which is a member of the phospholipase A2 family and is associated with familial benign flecked retina.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial abscess of lacrimal sac and eyelid debridement: Case report
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Tanaka Takehiro , Yamada Kiyoshi , Nose Motoko , Tanimoto Yasushi
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

It is important to stain acid‐fact bacilli on the smear of abscess puncture in addition to Gram stain to detect nontuberculous and tuberculous mycobacteria in the early phase since both can cause rare and challenging extrapulmonary manifestations.

A 56‐year‐old otherwise healthy woman developed abscess from dacryocystitis in the right lower eyelid. The smear of puncture fluid showed acid‐fast bacilli and Mycobacterium abscessus was identified after a month. The early start of clarithromycin/ethambutol was switched to clarithromycin/levofloxacin. Debridement specimen after 7‐month treatment showed granulomatous tissue with no bacilli.
A rare case of tumefactive demyelination of brain: A case report and literature review
Authors: Inban Pugazhendi , Akuma Ogbonnaya , Elavia Zenia , Akuma Chinaza Mercy , Singh Mansi , Kachhadia Meet Popatbhai , Musiime Agaba Barnett James
Published: December 2023

This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges encountered in a 30‐year‐old female presenting with fever followed by Wernicke's aphasia without right‐sided weakness, ultimately diagnosed as tumefactive demyelination (TD). TD is a rare neurological condition often misidentified as brain tumors or inflammatory disorders. The case emphasizes the importance of precise differentiation through advanced magnetic resonance imaging, showing restricted diffusion at lesion edges and the absence of gadolinium enhancement. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for tailored treatment and prognostic assessment. This case contributes to our understanding of TD and underscores the need for continued research and collaboration in the field of rare neurological disorders.
Computational Assistance in the Design of Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Qi Chunhong , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei
Published: December 2023

Recently, theoretical calculations have played an irreplaceable role in the discovery of electrocatalysts as a relatively time‐efficient, cost‐effective, and predictable method. More importantly, theoretical calculations can help screen out the best active reaction sites and modulate them accordingly, which is beneficial for the development of efficient catalysts. In this concept, we focus on the important role of theoretical calculations in determining catalytic active sites and understanding reaction mechanisms, emphasizing its importance in assisting the design and synthesis of efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts. Finally, we provide an outlook on the challenges and future development trend in this field.
The Effect of Size and Morphology on the Antibacterial Activity of Zn‐loaded LTL Nanozeolite
Authors: Salek Gilani Neda , Tilami Salma Ehsani , Ahghari Mohammad Reza , Azizi Seyed Naser , Hosseinkhani Saman
Published: December 2023

A simple and cost‐effective approach was used to synthesize different morphologies of Linde Type L (LTL) nanozeolite. The resulting products were characterized by techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller measurements. The results showed that LTL nanozeolite was successfully synthesized, and different morphologies, including spherical‐like and disk‐shaped nanoparticles, were obtained. Then, the effect of size and morphology on the antibacterial activity of the obtained products was studied. Spherical‐like LTL nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial activity due to their larger pore volume and surface area and higher loading of biocidal zinc cations.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Peptidomimetics via Ugi Reactions
Authors: Liu Chao , Voskressensky Leonid G. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: December 2023

Peptidomimetics have been extensively explored in many area due to their ability to improve pharmacological qualities and interesting biological activities. Cycles could be incorporated in peptides to reduce their flexibility, often enhancing the affinity for a certain receptor. Many efforts have been made to synthesize various peptidomimetics. Among them, the Ugi reaction is a popular way for the synthesis of peptidomimetics because it provides peptide‐like products. The Ugi reaction consists of the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amine, and an isocyanide usually giving a linear peptidomimetic. In order to obtain other linear, cyclic or polycyclic peptidomimetics, the acyclic products have to undergo additional transformations or cyclizations. This review covers the years from 2018–2023, regarding the synthesis of linear, cyclic and polycyclic peptidomimetics, employing Ugi reactions eventually followed by post‐Ugi transformations. Organo‐catalyzed reactions, base‐promoted reactions, and metal‐free reactions toward peptidomimetics are highlighted.
The effect of climate change on crop yield anomaly in Europe
Authors: Schmidt Miriam , Felsche Elizaveta
Published: December 2023

Every human needs sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to live an active and healthy life. Climate change, especially more frequent extreme climate events, increasingly affects crop yields. Unpredictable losses in crop production pose a high risk to our food systems, thus threatening agricultural producers and consumers worldwide. This study analyzes the effect of climate change on wheat, maize, and barley yield anomalies for the major producing countries in the EU. Applying the Random Forest machine learning model, climate indicators, comprising mean and extreme climate conditions, explain 18% of crop yield anomalies across crops and countries from 1961 to 2020. The predictive power of climate indicators is highest for maize with 24%, followed by barley with 22% and wheat with 3%. However, mean climate indicators are stronger associated with crop yield anomalies than extreme climate indicators. Temperature‐ and soil moisture–related indicators are more important than precipitation‐related indicators. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between climate indicators and crop yields. Thresholds lead to a sharp decrease or increase in crop yields. Under SSP3‐7.0, rising temperatures tend to increase crop yield losses until 2100 without effective adaptation measures. The impact of changing soil moisture–related indicators depends on crop and country. Our study discusses adaptation strategies but also emphasizes the relevance of global mitigation efforts to reduce climate‐induced crop risk and to improve our food system's resilience.
Impact of pretransplant minimal residual disease in patients with multiple myeloma and a very good partial response or better receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Pasvolsky Oren , Pasyar Sarah , Bassett Roland L. , Khan Hina N. , Tanner Mark R. , Bashir Qaiser , Srour Samer , Saini Neeraj , Lin Paul , Ramdial Jeremy , Nieto Yago , Lee Hans C. , Patel Krina K. , Kebriaei Partow , Thomas Sheeba K. , Weber Donna M. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H.
Published: December 2023

Background

The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) status before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has not been clearly elucidated.

Methods

Retrospective single‐center study of adult MM patients who achieved ≥very good partial response (VGPR) after induction therapy from 2015 to 2021 received upfront autoHCT and had available pretransplant MRD status by next‐generation flow cytometry. The cohort was divided into pretransplant MRD‐negative (MRDneg) and MRD‐positive (MRDpos) groups.

Results

A total of 733 patients were included in our analysis; 425 were MRDneg and 308 MRDpos at autoHCT. In the MRDpos group, more patients had high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities (48% vs. 38%, respectively; p = .025), whereas fewer patients achieved ≥CR before autoHCT (14% vs. 40%; p < .001). At day 100 after autoHCT, 37% of the MRDpos versus 71% of the MRDneg achieved ≥CR, and at best posttransplant response 65% versus 88% achieved ≥CR, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 27.6 months (range, 0.7–82.3), the median PFS was significantly shorter for patients in the MRDpos group compared to the MRDneg group: 48.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3–80.5) versus 80.1 months (95% CI, 0.5–80.1), respectively (p < .001). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups (p = .41). Pretransplant MRDpos status was predictive of shorter PFS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.31–2.46; p < .001). The impact of pretransplant MRD status was retained in most of the examined subgroups.

Conclusions

In patients achieving ≥VGPR to induction, pretransplant MRDpos status was associated with a lower CR rate after autoHCT and a shorter PFS.
Using Machine Learning to Individualize Treatment Effect Estimation: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Curth Alicia , Peck Richard W. , McKinney Eoin , Weatherall James , van der Schaar Mihaela
Published: December 2023

The use of data from randomized clinical trials to justify treatment decisions for real‐world patients is the current state of the art. It relies on the assumption that average treatment effects from the trial can be extrapolated to patients with personal and/or disease characteristics different from those treated in the trial. Yet, because of heterogeneity of treatment effects between patients and between the trial population and real‐world patients, this assumption may not be correct for many patients. Using machine learning to estimate the expected conditional average treatment effect (CATE) in individual patients from observational data offers the potential for more accurate estimation of the expected treatment effects in each patient based on their observed characteristics. In this review, we discuss some of the challenges and opportunities for machine learning to estimate CATE, including ensuring identification assumptions are met, managing covariate shift, and learning without access to the true label of interest. We also discuss the potential applications as well as future work and collaborations needed to further improve identification and utilization of CATE estimates to increase patient benefit.
Organo‐Photoredox Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Bond Arylation of Aliphatic Amides
Authors: Yi Yaping , Xi Chanjuan
Published: December 2023

A C(sp3)−H bond arylation of aliphatic amides has been achieved via organophotoredox catalysis. The reaction could be realized at room temperature with visible light source and metal‐free catalyst. Quinuclidine is employed as an efficient HAT reagent and a range of aliphatic amides is employed as both substrate and solvent in the reaction. This photocatalyzed transformation provides a convenient protocol to afford a board range of N‐benzyl amides.
Comprehensive LC‐MS/MS phenolic profiling of Arum elongatum plant and bioaccessibility of phenolics in their infusions
Authors: Ozkan Gulay , Sakarya Fatma Betul , Akdas Aslı , Atalar Mehmet Nuri , Aydoğan Cemil , Yurt Bayram , Capanoglu Esra
Published: December 2023

Arum elongatum has various bioactive compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids that may have beneficial effects on human health. The main objectives of this study were to determine the phenolic profile of the A. elongatum plant together with the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total antioxidant capacities of A. elongatum infusions throughout gastrointestinal digestion. The samples used in the present study were obtained from two cities (C1 and C2) in Türkiye. According to the results, while the primary compounds found in sample C1 were vanillic acid (51.29 ± 2.61 ng/mg), p‐coumaric acid (48.36 ± 2.84 ng/mg) and O‐coumaric acid (156.02 ± 0.67 ng/mg); chlorogenic acid (50.63 ± 0.65 ng/mg), scutellarin (144.34 ± 0.74 ng/mg), and O‐coumaric acid (53.34 ± 0.97 ng/mg) were the major compounds in C2 sample showing the differences between different locations. In addition to these, although both TPC and TFC values for C2 infusion (2960 ± 104 mg GAE/100 g and 397 ± 50 mg CE/100 g, respectively) were found to be higher than the infusion of sample C1, there were no significant differences between the TPC and TFC results after intestinal digestion (p > 0.05). Besides, TPC of the bioaccessible fractions of these two samples didn't show a significant difference (p > 0.05), whereas C1 infusion (202 ± 21%) presented a higher value than the C2 infusion (143 ± 12%) for their bioaccessible TFC value. Our results indicated that A. elongatum infusion may be a potential herbal tea due to its rich phenolic content, making it a suitable substitute for widely used herbal teas.
The Fragile State of Industrial Agriculture: Estimating Crop Yield Reductions in a Global Catastrophic Infrastructure Loss Scenario
Authors: Moersdorf Jessica , Rivers Morgan , Denkenberger David , Breuer Lutz , Jehn Florian Ulrich
Published: December 2023

Modern civilization relies on a complex, globally interconnected industrial agriculture system to produce food. Its unprecedented yields hinge on external inputs like machinery, fertilizers, and pesticides, rendering it vulnerable to disruptions in production and international trade. Such a disruption could be caused by large‐scale damage to the electrical grid. Solar storms, nuclear detonations in the upper atmosphere, pandemics, or cyber‐attacks, could cause this severe damage to electrical infrastructure. To assess the impact of such a global catastrophic infrastructure loss on major food crops (corn, rice, soybean, wheat), we employ a generalized linear model. The predictions show a crop‐specific yield reduction between 15% and 37% in phase 1, the year after the catastrophe, assuming rationed use of fertilizers, pesticides, and fuel stocks. In phase 2, when all stocks are depleted, yields decrease by 35%–48%. Soybean is less affected in phase 1, while all crops experience strong declines in phase 2. Europe, North and South America, and parts of India, China, and Indonesia face major yield reductions, potentially up to 75%, while most African countries are less affected. These findings underscore the necessity for preparation by highlighting the vulnerability of the food system.
How to facilitate the introduction of value‐based payment models?
Authors: Leao Diogo L. L. , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim N. J.
Published: December 2023

Value‐based payment (VBP) models are designed and implemented to improve outcomes at the same or lower costs. Their adoption requires significant changes in the way healthcare organisations and insurance companies operate. Usually, before VBP models are widely implemented, pilot projects are conducted. Payers need to have a comprehensive set of requirements to enter into agreements with healthcare organisations on these pilots. In this short communication, we outline key elements reported in the literature, inside and outside healthcare organisations, as well as within the contract, that need to be considered in a pilot VBP model. Discussions regarding the introduction of VBP models may be strongly affected by external contextual factors, including regulations, which are outside the control of healthcare organisations. It requires collaboration between organisations, including primary care organisations and hospitals, while within organisations, it frequently requires creating multidisciplinary teams. The focus is on ensuring transparency, collaboration, and shared decision‐making, realised by standardising communication processes and regular meetings. Additionally, effective leadership is needed, in which leaders set goals and priorities, as well as manage change. In the contractual agreements between payers and healthcare organisations, outcome measures need to be adequately defined and measured, including individual patient outcomes and composite scores, as well as absolute and relative performance measures. These measures should be tested periodically and catered to the organisations adopting the model. Also, incentives should have adequate size and frequency and be intrinsic and extrinsic. The consideration of these sets of key elements by the payers is essential when implementing VBP model pilot projects.
European Health Union: An emergent reality
Authors: Fronteira Inês , Magalhães João Paulo , Ferrinho Paulo
Published: December 2023

In this article we argue that the Member States of the European Union (EU) have consistently, since its inception, developed a shared framework to measure, monitor and intervene to improve the health status of its population, while invoking the subsidiarity principle for the health sector. As a result, a European Health Union (EHU) has been emerging insidiously and consistently, following the concept of a system for health. Using the World Health Organisation Building Blocks Framework, we analyse the normative and institutional developments related to EU citizens' health that have created a de facto EHU. Developments towards an EHU remain unequally distributed among the different building blocks analysed. The existing EHU is the result of a fragmented and incremental process, mostly grounded in governance, health intelligence and services' development. Health crisis, the Commission's agenda‐setting activities and market pressures have been the most important push factors for these step‐by‐step processes.
Prevalence of indeterminate tuberculosis interferon‐gamma release assays in COVID‐19 patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ben Tekaya Aicha , Jerbi Ameni , Ben Sassi Mouna , Mokaddem Salma , Mahmoud Ines , Dziri Chedli , Abdelmoula Leila
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

The reliability of interferon‐gamma‐release‐assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis (TB) testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients is unknown. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of indeterminate TB‐IGRA following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination and to review associated factors.

Methods

This systematic literature review was guided according to the PRISMA guidelines by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinicalkey, and Cochrane Library. Studies reporting results of TB‐IGRA tests (QuantiFERON [QFT]‐TB, T‐SPOT.TB) in COVID‐19 patients or vaccines were included. The random effects model was used to assess the prevalence of indeterminate IGRA results. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Τ2 and 95% predictive interval.

Results

Of the 273 citations screened, 12 articles were included in the final analysis including a total of 2107 patients. The overall pooled effect size proportion of indeterminate QFT‐TB results, estimated in eight studies using the QFT‐TB Plus assay, was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.205−0.324, Τ2 = 0.158). The mean true effect size was 0.26 (95% predictive interval: [0.110−0.500]). A subgroup analysis was not undertaken due to the small number of studies. Indeterminate QFT‐TB rates were associated with COVID‐19 severity, steroid treatment, inflammation‐related parameters, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia.

Conclusion

Indeterminate QFT‐TB results in COVID‐19 patients occur in almost one‐quarter of tests performed. Further studies are needed to assess associated factors.
Marital status and suicidal behavior in South Asia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Menon Vikas , Khan Md Abdullah Saeed , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Singh Rakesh , Biyyala Deepika , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Mynampally Keerthana
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

The connection between marital status and suicidal behavior has been poorly assessed in South Asia. We aimed to see the proportion of marital status in individuals with suicidal behavior in South Asian countries.

Methods

We followed PRISMA guidelines and registered the protocol in advance (PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023399906). A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. Meta‐analyses were performed to pool the proportion of married individuals with suicidal behavior (total [suicide + suicide attempts], suicide, and suicide attempt) in South Asian countries. We considered suicidal behavior consist of suicide and suicide attempts (nonfatal).

Results

Our search identified 47 studies for this review from 6 countries published from 1999 to 2022 with a sample size ranging from 27 to 89,178. The proportion of married individuals was 55.4% (95% CI: 50.1–60.5) for suicidal behavior, 52.7% (95% CI: 44.5–60.7) for suicides, and 43.1 (95% CI: 32.9–53.9) for suicide attempts. The proportion of married persons among suicide attempts varied significantly across countries (p = 0.016) which was highest (61.8%; 95% CI: 57.2–66.2) in India, followed by Bangladesh (52.5%; 95% CI: 41.8%–62.9%) and Pakistan (45.1%; 95% CI: 30.9–59.9). The pooled proportions did not differ significantly in relation to the quality of the studies (p = 0.633).

Conclusion

This review identified married persons died more than others by suicide in South Asian countries while single persons attempted suicide than married. As the current study did not assess any cause‐and‐effect association, a cautious interpretation is warranted while considering married marital status as a risk factor.
Thermodynamic and structural investigation of the interaction of quaternized 2,3‐octakis‐[(2‐mercaptopyridine)phthalocyaninato] copper (II) sulfate (CuPc) with parallel and hybrid type G‐quadruplex
Authors: Şahin Gamze , Bağda Esra , Göktuğ Temiz Özge , Bağda Efkan , Ayhan Ebubekir , Durmuş Mahmut
Published: December 2023

G‐quadruplexes are important drug targets and get attention due to their existence in telomere, ribosomal DNA, promoter regions of some oncogenes, and the untranslated regions of mRNA. Due to the biological roles of G‐quadruplexes, investigating of the G‐quadruplex–small molecule interaction is essential. The primary motivation for these studies is the possibility of inhibiting cell functions associated with G‐quadruplex sequences by binding with small molecules. Targeting the small molecules to desired tissue with the G‐quadruplex vehicles is the second important goal of the G‐quadruplex–small molecule interaction studies. In the present study, the new peripherally 2‐mercaptopyridine octasubstituted copper(II) phthalocyanine and its quaternized derivative (CuPc) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis FT‐IR, UV–Vis, and mass spectra. The excellent solubility of CuPc in water is essential for its transport in the organism. Because of this feature, its affinity toward G‐quadruplex forming aptamers, AS1411, Tel21, and Tel45, was investigated. The UV–Vis spectrophotometric titration data confirmed the prevention of aggregation upon interaction with G‐quadruplex, which is very important for biomedical applications. The CD spectroscopic analyses and binding stoichiometry confirmed the “end stacking” model for interaction of AS1411 with CuPc. The interaction of CuPc caused the equilibrium shift from hybrid conformation to antiparallel conformation for Tel21 and Tel45. The isothermal titration calorimeter (ITC) was used for the determination of thermodynamic parameters. The thermodynamic data of the interaction was fitted well with the one‐site model. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change confirmed the spontaneous nature of the reactions. Besides, the negative values of enthalpy change and entropy change proved that the nature of processes was “enthalpy driven.” The interaction stoichiometry was 2 for AS1411 and Tel21 and 1.5 for Tel45. The binding constants were 1.3(±0.3) × 105, 3.2(±0.4) × 105, and 1.1(±0.3) × 105 M−1, which were at the level of ethidium bromide intercalation binding constant given in the literature. The DNA polymerase stop assay further supported the interaction of CuPc with G‐quadruplex DNA. The experimental results confirm that the CuPc has a potential photosensitizer behaviour for photodynamic therapy.
Red fox trap success is correlated with piping plover chick survival
Authors: Robinson Samantha G. , Black Kathleen M. , Catlin Daniel H. , Wails Christy N. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Bellman Henrietta , Oliver Katie W. , Ritter Shannon J. , Fraser James D.
Published: December 2023

Predation management is an important component of managing species of conservation concern. The piping plover (Charadrius melodus; plover), a disturbance‐dependent and conservation‐reliant shorebird that nests on sandy beaches and barrier islands on the Atlantic Coast, was listed under the United States Endangered Species Act in 1986, with habitat loss and predation stated as key causes of its decline. We evaluated the relationship between a suite of predators and plover chick survival from 2015–2018. We used a camera grid to establish indices of the abundance of 3 known chick predators: red fox (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and domestic cat. We used camera detections in a survival model to assess potential relationships between predator species detection and plover chick survival. Plover chick survival was negatively related with red fox detection, but not with detection of the other 2 predators. In addition to the correlation with red fox detections, chick survival was negatively related to high plover nesting density. Our results suggest that red foxes were predators of piping plover chicks during our study, likely augmented by other density‐dependent sources of mortality. Targeted predator management could aid in conservation of piping plovers in this system as a short‐term solution, but long‐term recovery plans must also address habitat limitation.
Academic misconduct, fake authorship letters, cyber fraud: Evidence from the International Political Science Review
Authors: Stockemer Daniel , Reidy Theresa
Published: December 2023

Key points

This article highlights two types of publishing fraud: fake acceptance letter and financial fraud.

Prepared by a third party, fake acceptance letters affirm that a paper, which we had never received before, has been accepted by IPSR.

In the financial fraud case, a third party pretends to be an editor of IPSR, sends out authentic looking fake acceptance letters and then solicits authors to pay an article processing fee (APC).
Living with dizziness impacts health‐related quality of life among older adults
Authors: Lindell Ellen , Odhagen Erik , Tuomi Lisa
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study aimed to compare older adults reporting dizziness to those not reporting dizziness regarding health‐related quality of life (HRQL), distress due to dizziness, and balance confidence. A secondary aim was to investigate potential association between HRQL, number of falls, balance confidence, and distress due to dizziness.

Methods

Patients coming for bone density measurements answered questions regarding occurrence of dizziness. Patients reporting dizziness on a daily or weekly basis were considered eligible and invited for investigation at the Ear, Nose and Throat clinic at Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Sweden. Patients not reporting dizziness were considered eligible as controls. All patients answered the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Activity Balance Confidence Scale (ABC‐scale), and Euro‐QoL‐5D‐3L questionnaires.

Results

A total of 55 dizzy patients came for physical investigation and answered the questionnaires and 47 non‐dizzy participants only answered the questionnaires. The dizzy participants reported lower levels of balance confidence, lower HRQL, more prior falls, and higher levels of distress due to dizziness than the non‐dizzy controls. Lower levels of balance confidence and higher level of distress due to dizziness were each associated with lower HRQL.

Conclusion

Dizziness, unsteadiness, and low balance confidence are associated with HRQL in a negative way. This is important to consider when measuring HRQL in a senior population, since a sensation of unsteadiness may indirectly contribute to low HRQL together with other symptoms.

Level of evidence

2b.
Targeting of essential mycobacterial replication enzyme DnaG primase revealed Mitoxantrone and Vapreotide as novel mycobacterial growth inhibitors**
Authors: Ali Waseem , Jamal Salma , Gangwar Rishabh , Ahmed Faraz , Sharma Rahul , Agarwal Meetu , Sheikh Javaid Ahmad , Grover Abhinav , Grover Sonam
Published: December 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of mortality after COVID‐19, with a global death toll of 1.6 million in 2021. The escalating situation of drug‐resistant forms of TB has threatened the current TB management strategies. New therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action are urgently required to address the current global TB crisis. The essential mycobacterial primase DnaG with no structural homology to homo sapiens presents itself as a good candidate for drug targeting. In the present study, Mitoxantrone and Vapreotide, two FDA‐approved drugs, were identified as potential anti‐mycobacterial agents. Both Mitoxantrone and Vapreotide exhibit a strong Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ≤25μg/ml against both the virulent (M.tb‐H37Rv) and avirulent (M.tb‐H37Ra) strains of M.tb. Extending the validations further revealed the inhibitory potential drugs in ex vivo conditions. Leveraging the computational high‐throughput multi‐level docking procedures from the pool of ~2700 FDA‐approved compounds, Mitoxantrone and Vapreotide were screened out as potential inhibitors of DnaG. Extensive 200 ns long all‐atoms molecular dynamic simulation of DnaGDrugs complexes revealed that both drugs bind strongly and stabilize the DnaG during simulations. Reduced solvent exposure and confined motions of the active centre of DnaG upon complexation with drugs indicated that both drugs led to the closure of the active site of DnaG. From this study‘s findings, we propose Mitoxantrone and Vapreotide as potential anti‐mycobacterial agents, with their novel mechanism of action against mycobacterial DnaG.
Latency and distance
Authors: Walker Francis O. , Kremkau Frederick
Published: December 2023

See article on pages 148–156 in this issue.
Latent classes of health‐promoting lifestyle in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in China: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Song Meixuan , He Qiuyao , Yang Juan , Zhang Jinyu
Published: December 2023

Aim

To identify the latent classes of a health‐promoting lifestyle and examine the associations of latent class profile with individual characteristics of breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in China in order to provide some insights and recommendations for targeted and individualized health education of health‐promoting lifestyle.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was used for this work.

Methods

A total of 197 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy recruited from the Breast Cancer Outpatient Chemotherapy Clinic of a Grade 3A hospital were surveyed. Health‐promoting lifestyle was measured using the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile‐II: Chinese Version Short (HPLP‐IICR). Latent class analysis was used to examine respondents' health‐promoting lifestyle patterns. Associations between the latent class membership and individual characteristics were examined using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Four latent classes were identified: Class 1–Good Nutrition and Poor Physical Activity, Class 2–Poor Health Responsibility and Nutrition, Class 3–Active Health‐Promoting Lifestyle, and Class 4–Medium Spiritual Growth and Poor Other Dimensions. Younger respondents and respondents with a higher score in anxiety and depression were more likely to be classified in Class 4 rather than Class 1 or 3. Respondents with low exercise self‐efficacy were more likely to be classified in Class 4 than the others. Respondents in Class 4 had more chemotherapy symptom severity and interference, and cases of menopause were fewer in Class 4 rather than Class 3. Those in Class 4 were more likely to have been diagnosed with cancer within 3 months than those in Class 1.
The mechanisms of student grit at the height of a major crisis: Identifying key predictors when times get really tough
Authors: Terry Daniel , Peck Blake , Biangone Marianne
Published: December 2023

Aim

The study aims to provide insights into the key predictors of grit both before, during and throughout a common crisis event, where other more individualised challenges may not provide these insights.

Design

A repeated cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Data were collected via an anonymous questionnaire among n = 818 (20.8% response rate) nursing students who were undertaking a three‐year baccalaureate degree. Data collection occurred in the mid‐year break of 2019, 2020 and 2021. The online questionnaire, which examined student demographics, personality, locus of control‐4, general self‐efficacy, psychological capital and grit, took 15–25 min to complete. Data were prepared and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to undertake Structural Equation Modelling. Reporting methods adhered to the STROBE guidelines.

Results

The pathway models of grit prior to, at the time of, and after the global pandemic varied slightly as to their predictor variables, however, neuroticism was consistently present. Locus of control and psychological capital also varied over this period with hope having a positive impact, prior to and after the initial crisis, however, negatively impacted grit afterwards. Understanding the key drivers of grit, particularly those essential at or around the time of a crisis guides our understanding of how to better support nursing or healthcare students. These insights enable a greater focus of energies towards malleable attributes that can increase grit levels and better fortify nursing students for challenges they may encounter in practice. These insights also serve to further prepare healthcare, emergency, or other professionals who may encounter regular crises. Within months of a global pandemic occurring, the key predictors of grit were shown to fundamentally alter. Each pathway model varied slightly suggesting the timing of a crisis impacts students' capacity to manage new or novel situations, with hope as a key driver of grit throughout a crisis.
Advancing nursing practice with artificial intelligence: Enhancing preparedness for the future
Authors: Rony Moustaq Karim Khan , Parvin Mst. Rina , Ferdousi Silvia
Published: December 2023

Aim

This article aimed to explore the role of AI in advancing nursing practice, focusing on its impact on readiness for the future.

Design and Methods

A position paper, the methodology comprises three key steps. First, a comprehensive literature search using specific keywords in reputable databases was conducted to gather current information on AI in nursing. Second, data extraction and synthesis from selected articles were performed. Finally, a thematic analysis identifies recurring themes to provide insights into AI's impact on future nursing practice.

Results

The findings highlight the transformative role of AI in advancing nursing practice and preparing nurses for the future, including enhancing nursing practice with AI, preparing nurses for the future (AI education and training) and associated, ethical considerations and challenges. AI‐enabled robotics and telehealth solutions expand the reach of nursing care, improving accessibility of healthcare services and remote monitoring capabilities of patients' health conditions.
Moving between doing and being—Meanings of person‐centredness as narrated by nursing home managers. A phenomenological hermeneutical study
Authors: Backman Annica , Sjögren Karin , Lövheim Hugo , Edvardsson David
Published: December 2023

Aim

This study aimed to illuminate meanings of person‐centredness as narrated by nursing home managers in nursing homes rated as highly person‐centred.

Design

A phenomenological hermeneutical approach was used.

Methods

Twelve nursing home managers in 11 highly person‐centred nursing homes in 7 municipalities in Sweden were included in this interview study. The findings were interpreted, reflected and discussed through the lens of Ricoeur.

Results

Meanings of person‐centredness could be understand as moving between doing and being through knowing, sensing, sharing and giving for person‐centredness. These aspects contributed via knowledge, understanding, interaction and action that involved doing for and being with older persons through these caring dimensions. By moving between doing for, being with and being part of the overall nursing home narrative, knowing, sensing, sharing and giving could support the persons' identity in different ways. This may also contribute to sense‐making, preserving dignity and promoting self‐esteem when aiming to provide a good life for older persons in nursing homes, within an ever‐present ethical frame.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This study illuminated meanings of person‐centredness as narrated by nursing home managers. No patient of public contribution was investigated.
Effect of UV‐water weathering on the mechanical properties of flax‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Xu Bowen , van den Hurk Bart , Liu Tao , Blok Rijk , Teuffel Patrick
Published: December 2023

This study examines the influence of weathering aging on the mechanical properties and durability of flax fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (FFRP) intended for outdoor applications. Employing an accelerated weathering environment replicating natural outdoor conditions, encompassing UV radiation, condensation, and water spray, the FFRP samples with 2 and 4 mm thicknesses underwent exposure durations of 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 h. Mechanical tests characterized tensile, flexural, and inner‐plane shear properties, while a custom‐made apparatus measured the long‐term tensile creep behavior. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy allowed for the observation of microscopic changes in fiber and matrix. The findings illustrate a consistent decline in tensile and flexural properties with increased weathering exposure, resulting in reductions of 17% and 38% in the tensile strength and modulus, and 24% and 52% in the flexural strength and modulus after 1500 h. Intriguingly, inner‐plane shear strength exhibited a slight increase after 500 h before a subsequent decrease. Furthermore, samples with the same thickness demonstrated an increased creep development with longer weathering durations. Despite this, the mechanical degradation rate induced by weathering was comparatively slower for thicker samples. Overall, the diminished mechanical properties of FFRP post‐weathering can be attributed not only to the polymer but also to the substantial role played by flax fibers in this process.

Highlights

UV weathering degrades the mechanical properties of flax/polyester composites.

Both the instantaneous elastic properties and the long‐term creep behavior are affected by weathering.

Thickness influences the mechanical degradation of the composites caused by UV weathering.

SEM confirmed UV‐water weathering resulted in the degradation of both natural fiber and polymer matrices.
The investigation of printing parameters effect on tensile characteristics for triply periodic minimal surface designs by Taguchi
Authors: Demir Sermet , Temiz Abdurrahim , Pehlivan Fatih
Published: December 2023

The advent of additive manufacturing also referred to as 3D printing, has brought about substantial changes in the industrial domain, as it possesses the capability to fabricate intricate items with enhanced cost‐efficiency and productivity. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a 3D printing process that has gained significant popularity due to its versatile capabilities and cost‐effectiveness. This paper investigates the impact of the printing parameters on the tensile characteristics of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) manufactured using FFF 3D printing. TPMS patterns have unique geometric properties and potential applications, making them an intriguing subject of study. The behavior of three different TPMS lattices with three printing parameters is investigated. Finding the best testing settings is done with the Taguchi method, and the data is analyzed with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. TPMS pattern was found to be the most effective parameter with 83.78%. While the highest strength was obtained in Schwarz diamond, the highest energy absorption was observed in the Gyroid structure. The contributions of printing parameters to tensile strength are line thickness, printing speed, and layer height, respectively. As line width and printing speed increase, both energy absorption and strength increase. Therefore, 0.40 mm line width and 60 mm/s printing speed give optimum values. When considered for energy absorption, the optimum value is 0.20 mm layer height, while when considered for strength, 0.10 mm layer height is the optimum value. The findings emphasize the importance of optimizing printing parameters for desired mechanical characteristics in 3D printed components and highlight the potential of TPMS structures in various applications. This research contributes to the growing knowledge in additive manufacturing and provides insights into optimizing FFF 3D printing for improved mechanical performance.