bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blue Halide Perovskite Materials: Preparation, Progress, and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Kai , Cao Long‐Xue , Tang Yingyi , Yu Yi , Shen Yang , Wang Bingfeng , Wang Wen‐Jun , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: December 2022

Halide perovskite materials are emerging as a new promising semiconductor display material owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Highly efficient blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are the basis for full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting applications, but their efficiency and stability still lag far behind the red and green analogs. This review focuses on the key effect factors and novel strategies for blue emission PeLEDs. In detail, first effective strategies to obtain blue emission perovskite are discussed, and then the recent progress and strategies in blue emission PeLEDs, including the physical properties and significant improvements based on different structural perovskite materials are systematically elucidated. Finally, the main challenges relating to efficiency, stability, lead toxicity, and fabrication techniques in blue emission PeLEDs are summarized, and the promising research avenues in the future are discussed.
One stage reconstruction of mid‐face fistulous defects after maxillary sinus carcinoma resection with chimeric perforator free flaps
Authors: Han Yudi , Chen Youbai , Cui Lei , Chai Mi , Guo Lingli , Tao Ran , Chen Lei , Han Mingkun , Han Yan
Published: December 2022

Background

The reconstruction of large fistulous defects following the radical ablation of maxillary sinus carcinoma remains challenging. The procedure requires not only the coverage of both intra‐nasal lining and cheek skin but also sufficient obliteration of dead space between the two surfaces. In this report, we present our experience on the reconstruction of through‐and‐through defects in the mid‐face with poly‐foliated chimeric perforator flaps.

Methods

Nine patients (five males and four females) who received a two‐skin paddled and one muscle segment chimeric perforator flap reconstruction after maxillary sinus carcinoma ablation between March 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed in authors' hospital. The mean age of the patients was 59.11. Six patients were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, two as adenoid cystic carcinoma, and one as adenocarcinoma. Brown class IIIa defects were found in eight patients, and one patient had a Brown class IVa defect. The mean size of intra‐nasal defect was 5.67 × 4.06 cm2, and the mean size of facial skin defect was 8.94 × 6.56 cm2. ALT flaps were used in five patients, LD flaps in four patients. The minor skin paddle was firstly inset to the mucosal defect site as the lining. Then, the muscle segment was inset to eliminate the dead cavity. Finally, the major skin paddle was inset to recover the cutaneous defect.

Results

In ALT group, the mean size of the minor skin paddle was 5.7 × 4.7 cm2, and the mean size of the major skin paddle was 8.7 × 6.6 cm2. In LD group, the mean size of the minor skin paddle was 6.88 × 4.38 cm2, and the mean size of the major skin paddle was 11 × 7.75 cm2.All donor sites were closed primarily. All flaps survived and no partial flap loss was encountered. The mean follow‐up time was 14.67 months, and there were no major postoperative complications.

Conclusion

The use of poly‐foliated chimeric perforator free flaps can provide functional and aesthetic coverage for extensive through‐and‐through mid‐face defects without significant donor‐site morbidities.
Artificial intelligence‐assisted automatic and index‐based microbial single‐cell sorting system for One‐Cell‐One‐Tube
Authors: Diao Zhidian , Kan Lingyan , Zhao Yilong , Yang Huaibo , Song Jingyun , Wang Chen , Liu Yang , Zhang Fengli , Xu Teng , Chen Rongze , Ji Yuetong , Wang Xixian , Jing Xiaoyan , Xu Jian , Li Yuandong , Ma Bo
Published: December 2022

Identification, sorting, and sequencing of individual cells directly from in situ samples have great potential for in‐depth analysis of the structure and function of microbiomes. In this work, based on an artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted object detection model for cell phenotype screening and a cross‐interface contact method for single‐cell exporting, we developed an automatic and index‐based system called EasySort AUTO, where individual microbial cells are sorted and then packaged in a microdroplet and automatically exported in a precisely indexed, “One‐Cell‐One‐Tube” manner. The target cell is automatically identified based on an AI‐assisted object detection model and then mobilized via an optical tweezer for sorting. Then, a cross‐interface contact microfluidic printing method that we developed enables the automated transfer of cells from the chip to the tube, which leads to coupling with subsequent single‐cell culture or sequencing. The efficiency of the system for single‐cell printing is >93%. The throughput of the system for single‐cell printing is ~120 cells/h. Moreover, >80% of single cells of both yeast and Escherichia coli are culturable, suggesting the superior preservation of cell viability during sorting. Finally, AI‐assisted object detection supports automated sorting of target cells with high accuracy from mixed yeast samples, which was validated by downstream single‐cell proliferation assays. The automation, index maintenance, and vitality preservation of EasySort AUTO suggest its excellent application potential for single‐cell sorting.
Complex dynamics of a discrete‐time seasonally forced SIR epidemic model
Authors: Naik Parvaiz Ahmad , Eskandari Zohreh , Madzvamuse Anotida , Avazzadeh Zakieh , Zu Jian
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a discrete‐time seasonally forced SIR epidemic model with a nonstandard discretization scheme is investigated for different types of bifurcations. Although many researchers have already suggested numerically that this model can exhibit chaotic dynamics, not much focus is given to the bifurcation theory of the model. We prove analytically and numerically the existence of different types of bifurcations in the model. First, one and two parameters bifurcations of this model are investigated by computing their critical normal form coefficients. Second, the flip, Neimark–Sacker, and strong resonance bifurcations are detected for this model. The critical coefficients identify the scenario associated with each bifurcation. The complete complex dynamical behavior of the model is investigated. The model is discretized by a novel technique, namely a nonstandard finite difference discretization scheme (NSFD). Some graphical representations of the model are presented to verify the obtained results.
Technical note: The contribution of internal bremsstrahlung to the 90Y dose point kernel
Authors: Auditore Lucrezia , Amato Ernesto , Pistone Daniele , Italiano Antonio
Published: December 2022

Background

Internal dosimetry has an increasing role in the planning and verification of nuclear medicine therapies with radiopharmaceuticals. Dose Point Kernels (DPKs), quantifying the energy deposition all around a point source, in a homogenous medium, are extensively used for 3D dosimetry and nowadays are mostly evaluated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. To our knowledge, DPK for beta emitters is estimated neglecting the continuous photon emission due to the Internal Bremsstrahlung (IB), whose contribution to the absorbed dose can be relevant beyond the maximum range of betas, as evidenced in recent works.

Purpose

Aim of this study was to investigate and quantify, by means of MC simulations, the contribution of IB photons to DPK calculated for 90Y and provide the updated 90Y DPK.

Methods

The overall radiation due to the decay of a 90Y point source, placed at the centre of concentric water shells of increasing radii from 0.02 cm to 20 cm, was simulated with GAMOS, including the IB source term whose spectral distribution was described by an analytical model. Energy deposition was scored in the shells as a function of the distance from the source, R, and DPK was estimated in terms of the scaled absorbed dose fraction, F(R/X90), where X90 is the range within which the beta particles deposit 90% of their energy.

Results

A comparison between the two simulated absorbed dose distributions, calculated with or without IB, clearly shows that the latter (incomplete) choice is consistent with the findings of other Authors and systematically underestimates the absorbed dose imparted to the tissue. 90Y DPK values currently used are underestimated by 20%‐34% for R>2X90.

Conclusions

The revised values provided in this work suggest that the inclusion of IB emission in DPK evaluations is advisable for pure beta emitters.
Sonographic reference values of nerve size in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdelnaby Ramy , ELgenidy Anas , Mohamed Khaled A. , Sonbol Yousef T. , Elwshahi Mohamed M. , Elnouty Mohamed M. , Aboutaleb Aya M. , Ebrahim Mohamed A. , Dardeer Khaled T. , Heikal Hamed A. , Gawish Hazem M. , Cartwright Michael S.
Published: December 2022

Introduction/Aims

Nerve ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis and follow‐up of peripheral nerve disorders in children. The aim of this study was to explore and analyze the current literature on nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) in healthy children, with the goal of presenting reference values and discussing their implications.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that reported ultrasound measurements of the upper or lower limb nerves in healthy children through a search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus.

Results

Sixteen studies with measurements of 10 nerves covering a total of 5149 nerves measured in 823 healthy children (445 boys and 378 girls) were included. Mean nerve CSA increased with age in the median nerve at the middle and lower third of the upper arm, mid‐forearm, and distal wrist crease, the ulnar nerve at the middle third of the upper arm and elbow, the radial nerve at the spiral groove, and the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa. Growth charts for nerve CSA for different age groups were developed.

Discussion

This meta‐analysis provides robust reference values for nerve CSA at different sites in children, and this can inform clinical practice and assist in identifying nerve enlargement. Moreover, it identifies the strength and quality of the current published data. We recommend future studies divide their samples into smaller age subgroups and standardize the anatomic site of measurement.
A well‐balanced and entropy stable scheme for a reduced blood flow model
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Valbuena Sonia , Vega Carlos A.
Published: December 2022

A well‐known reduced model of the flow of blood in arteries can be formulated as a strictly hyperbolic system of two scalar balance laws in one space dimension where the unknowns are the cross‐sectional area of the artery and the average blood flow velocity as functions of the axial coordinate and time. This system is endowed with an entropy pair such that solutions of the balance equations satisfy an entropy inequality in the distributional sense. It is demonstrated that this property can be utilized to construct an entropy stable finite difference scheme for the blood flow model based on the general framework by Tadmor (E. Tadmor, Math. Comput., 49 (1987), 91–103). Furthermore, a fourth‐order extension of the resulting entropy conservative flux and a fourth‐order sign‐preserving reconstruction of the scaled entropy variables are employed as well as a second‐order strong stability preserving Runge–Kutta method for time discretization. The result is a computationally inexpensive and easy‐to‐implement explicit entropy stable scheme for the blood flow model. It is proven that the scheme is well‐balanced (i.e., preserves certain steady solutions of the model) and numerical examples are presented.
Azobenzene functionalized poly(diphenylacetylene): Polymer synthesis and tunable fluorescent emission
Authors: Chen Manyu , Wang Xiao , Yang Fulin , Zhang Jie , Sun Jing Zhi
Published: December 2022

We prepared an azobenzene‐functionalized poly(diphenyl‐substituted acetylene) (named as PDPA‐azo) through the post‐polymerization modification route by using the activated ester strategy. The structures of the derived PDPA‐azo were fully characterized with comprehensive spectroscopic methods including NMR, FTIR, UV–vis, TGA, and so on. PDPA‐azo showed photo‐isomerization behavior due to the azobenzene moiety in the side chain. Since the short spacer between polymer main‐chain and side‐chain, PDPA‐azo could not form liquid‐crystal phase despite the presence of azobenzene mesogen in the polymer structure. It was noted that the modification of the precursor polymer PDPA‐PFP with primary amine‐functionalized azobenzene converted the fluorescence behavior from aggregation‐induced emission enhancement to aggregation‐caused quenching. The control experimental results suggested that the changes in fluorescent behaviors after irradiating under 365 and 254 nm UV lamps could be correlated to the photo‐induced isomerization of the azobenzene group. As a result, the fluorescence properties of PDPA‐azo can be adjusted by different external stimuli.
Liquid crystalline phase behavior and hydration of hydroxypropyl cellulose in water: A liquid and solid NMR investigation
Authors: Martin‐Pastor Manuel , Stoyanov Edmont
Published: December 2022

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a functional material with numerous applications as a drug solubilizer, thickener, and stabilizer. Herein, the mobile and rigid regions of HPC are investigated using liquid‐ and solid‐state NMR, respectively, in the high‐viscosity regime of concentrated aqueous samples, below and above the formation of an ordered chiral liquid‐crystalline (LC) mesophase. Liquid NMR 13C relaxation and hydration studies reveal that hydroxypropyl pendant chains remain more fluid than the pyranose sugar rings at concentrations below the formation of the LC phase. The inner part of the pendant chains close to the cellulose backbone exhibits a higher water structuration and a lower water renewal than the outer part and the pyranoses, which likely compensates for their higher hydrophobicity. When the LC phase is formed, the sample viscosity increases and the differences in flexibility and hydration of the pendant chains are reduced with respect to the pyranoses, while the whole system is rigidified. The system is not completely rigid even at concentrations above the formation of LC, as the interaction of water with the pyranoses considerably enhances their fluidity. In contrast, the pendant chains are much less affected.
Combination of historical and modern data to decipher the geomorphic evolution of the Innere Ölgruben rock glacier, Kaunertal, Austria, over almost a century (1922–2021)
Authors: Fleischer Fabian , Haas Florian , Altmann Moritz , Rom Jakob , Knoflach Bettina , Becht Michael
Published: December 2022

Rock glaciers are cryo‐conditioned downslope‐creeping landforms in high mountains. Their dynamics are changing due to external factors influenced by climate change. Although there has been a growing scientific interest in mountain permafrost and thus in rock glaciers in recent years, their historical development, especially before the first alpine‐wide aerial image flights in the 1950s, has hardly been researched. Therefore, we utilize a historical stereophotogrammetric map from 1922 and historical flow velocity profiles (1938–1953) and relate them to data derived from historical aerial photographs and airborne laser scanning data in several time slices between 1953 and 2021. By doing so, the development of flow velocity, surface elevation changes, and frontal advance of the two lobes of the composite rock glacier Inner Ölgrube, Kaunertal, Austria, is analyzed and compared over almost a century. Results indicate an increased frontal advance in the laterally confined area of one lobe and a severe subsidence in the upper area of both lobes between 1922 and 1953. Whereas the former could be explained by a combination of the short warm phase in the 1940s and 1950s and the (subsurface) topography, the latter might be attributed to the strong melting of superimposed debris‐covered dead ice bodies, a relict of the Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciation. Both factors might also contribute to the increased flow velocities between 1938 and 1953, which are still recognizable in the 1953–1970 time step. Although both lobes follow a general similar trend, which is in line with the alpine‐wide trend of flow velocity acceleration in the 1990s, differences in the geomorphic development of the two lobes were identified. In addition to a slightly varying evolution of the flow velocities, the timing and magnitude of the volume changes are different. Furthermore, both lobes display a dissimilar mechanism of frontal advance over the entire study period. Because the external forcing is identical, the varying development might be attributed to variations in internal structure, bedrock topography, or upslope connection of the lobes. Due to the lateral constriction, the subsurface topography, and the LIA maximum extent of the glacier, it is assumed that the geomorphic development of the Innere Ölgruben rock glacier, particularly before 1953, represents a special case, and the results are not simply transferable to other rock glaciers.
Preoperative inspiratory muscle training in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory sarcopenia: A case report
Authors: Okura Kazuki , Takahashi Yusuke , Hatakeyama Kazutoshi , Saito Kimio , Kasukawa Yuji , Imai Kazuhiro , Minamiya Yoshihiro
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Sarcopenia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Preoperative inspiratory muscle weakness is also a risk factor for PPCs. Sarcopenia and COPD are often associated with inspiratory muscle weakness. Respiratory sarcopenia has been defined as the coexistence of whole‐body sarcopenia and respiratory muscle weakness. We report our experience with preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation, including inspiratory muscle training (IMT), in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid respiratory sarcopenia and COPD.

Case presentation

A 73‐year‐old man with squamous cell lung cancer (cStage IA2) was hospitalized for pulmonary rehabilitation before lung resection. He had comorbid severe sarcopenia and COPD (GOLD stage III). He also had inspiratory muscle weakness and a thin diaphragm. We conducted IMT on the patient in addition to aerobic exercise and instruction regarding sputum expectoration for 2 weeks before the surgery. Consequently, his pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity improved. Segmentectomy was performed using video‐assisted thoracic surgery. No postoperative complications occurred.

Conclusion

IMT in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid respiratory sarcopenia and COPD resulted in improved respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function. IMT may have reduced the risk of PPCs by strengthening the respiratory muscles and improving pulmonary function.
A case report of hypocalcemia after chemotherapy with albumin‐bound paclitaxel
Authors: Wang Zhongchao , Zhu Huanfeng , Wu Jing , Du Mingyu , Guo Wenjie , Dai Zhaoxia
Published: December 2022

Hypocalcemia is a fatal electrolytic disorder defined as corrected serum total calcium levels <2.12 mmol/L (8.5 mg/dl). Drug‐induced hypocalcemia is uncommon. A female patient was admitted to Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; she developed hypocalcemia after chemotherapy with albumin‐bound paclitaxel. Its diagnosis is incredibly difficult. Confirmatory diagnosis depends on serum total calcium levels and electrocardiogram.
Multistep molecular mechanism of amyloid‐like aggregation of nucleic acid‐binding domain of TDP‐43
Authors: Pillai Meenakshi , Jha Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2022

TDP‐43 protein is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases and has been shown to adopt various oligomeric and fibrillar states. However, a detailed kinetic understanding of the structural transformation of the native form of the protein to the fibrillar state is missing. In this study, we delineate the temporal sequence of structural events during the amyloid‐like assembly of the functional nucleic acid‐binding domain of TDP‐43. We kinetically mapped the aggregation process using multiple probes such as tryptophan and thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) targeting different structural events. Our data reveal that aggregation occurs in four distinct steps—very fast, fast, slow, and very slow. The “very fast” change results in partially unfolded forms that undergo conformational conversion, oligomerization and bind to ThT in the “fast step” to form higher order intermediates (HOI). The temporal sequence of the formation of ThT binding sites and conformational conversion depends upon the protein concentration. The HOI further undergoes structural rearrangement to form protofibrils in the “slow” step, which, consequently, assembles in the “very slow” step to form an amyloid‐like assembly. The spectroscopic properties of the amyloid‐like assembly across the protein concentration remain similar. Additionally, we observe no lag phase across protein concentration for all the probes studied, suggesting that the aggregation process follows a linear polymerization reaction. Overall, our study demonstrates that the amyloid‐like assembly forms in multiple steps, which is also supported by the temperature dependence of the kinetics.
Experimental tolerance design of robot manipulators accounting for positioning accuracy reliability
Authors: Huang Peng , Li He , Gu Yingkui , Qiu Guangqi , Ding Yiyuan
Published: December 2022

A new tolerance design method based on experimental design and positioning accuracy reliability is presented to deal with uncertainties of robot manipulators resulting from manufacturing and assembly processes. Initially, the performance function of positioning accuracy is established according to the kinematic model and response surface technique. An analytical algorithm for positioning accuracy reliability calculation is developed based on eigen‐decomposition and saddlepoint approximation methodologies. Inner orthogonal arrays of kinematic parameter tolerances along with the outer uniform arrays of joint variables are then constructed to analyze significant tolerances that affect the positioning accuracy reliability within the entire workspace. Finally, the applicability and performance of the proposed method are verified by case studies of a two‐link planar manipulator and a six‐degree‐of‐freedom robot manipulator. The results confirmed that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately analyze the positioning accuracy reliability, and the method recognizes the impact of kinematic parameters on the motion performance which is able to guide the tolerance range selection of robot manipulators.
Virtual‐force‐guided intraoperative ultrasound scanning with online lesion location prediction: A phantom study
Authors: Niu Baoshan , Yang Dapeng , Wang Peng , Yang Haonan , Zhang Le , Gu Yikun , Jiang Li
Published: December 2022

Background

In ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of tumours, it is crucial to discover the optimal scanning plane (OSP) and organise the MIS scalpel work trajectory in this plane. The OSP can be altered and is challenging to track when the scalpel interacts with deformed tissues. Therefore, tracking the OSP becomes critical in MIS. In master‐slave control, virtual force (VF) is used to assist the operator in completing the task. However, most literature assumes that the environment is sufficiently stable. No specific method focuses on tracking the OSP of the lesion within largely deformed tissues.

Methods

This paper used the improved artificial potential field method to establish the VF that could guide the operator to track the OSP. When tissue deformation occurred, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the target position, guiding the operator to find the new OSP. An experimental robot platform was built to verify the proposed algorithm's effects. Experiments to track the OSP were performed on a phantom.

Results

The results showed that the presented method could reduce the trajectory redundancy of ultrasonic scanning, shorten the time of OSP discovery and tracking, and decrease the deviation between the ultrasonic scanning position and the OSP.

Conclusions

This method has significance for the accurate localization and successful removal of tumours. Future work will focus on improving the adaptability of the proposed ANN prediction model in different phantoms.
Battery‐Free, Wireless, Ionic Liquid Sensor Arrays to Monitor Pressure and Temperature of Patients in Bed and Wheelchair
Authors: Han Hyeonseok , Oh Yong Suk , Cho Seokjoo , Park Hyunwoo , Lee Sung‐Uk , Ko Kabseok , Park Jae‐Man , Choi Jungrak , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Han Chankyu , Zhao Zichen , Liu Zhuangjian , Xie Zhaoqian , Lee Je‐Sang , Min Weon Gi , Lee Byeong‐Ju , Koo Jahyun , Choi Dong Yun , Je Minkyu , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Park Inkyu
Published: December 2022

Repositioning is a common guideline for the prevention of pressure injuries of bedridden or wheelchair patients. However, frequent repositioning could deteriorate the quality of patient's life and induce secondary injuries. This paper introduces a method for continuous multi‐site monitoring of pressure and temperature distribution from strategically deployed sensor arrays at skin interfaces via battery‐free, wireless ionic liquid pressure sensors. The wirelessly delivered power enables stable operation of the ionic liquid pressure sensor, which shows enhanced sensitivity, negligible hysteresis, high linearity and cyclic stability over relevant pressure range. The experimental investigations of the wireless devices, verified by numerical simulation of the key responses, support capabilities for real‐time, continuous, long‐term monitoring of the pressure and temperature distribution from multiple sensor arrays. Clinical trials on two hemiplegic patients confined on bed or wheelchair integrated with the system demonstrate the feasibility of sensor arrays for a decrease in pressure and temperature distribution under minimal repositioning.
SMEFTs living on the edge: determining the UV theories from positivity and extremality
Authors: Zhang Cen
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We study the “inverse problem” in the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT): how and to what extend can one reconstruct the UV theory, given the measured values of the operator coefficients in the IR? The main obstacle of this problem is the degeneracies in the space of coefficients: a given SMEFT truncated at a finite dimension can be mapped to infinitely many UV theories. We discuss these degeneracies at the dimension-8 level, and show that positivity bounds play a crucial role in the inverse problem. In particular, the degeneracies either vanish or become significantly limited for SMEFTs that live on or close to the positivity bounds. The UV particles of these SMEFTs, and their properties such as spin, charge, other quantum numbers, and interactions with the SM particles, can often be uniquely determined, assuming dimension-8 coefficients are measured. The allowed region for SMEFTs, which forms a convex cone, can be systematically constructed by enumerating its generators. We show that a geometric notion, extremality, conveniently connects the positivity problem with the inverse problem. We discuss the implications of a SMEFT living on an extremal ray, on a k-face, and on the vertex of the positive cone. We also show that the information of the dimension-8 coefficients can be used to set exclusion limits on all individual UV states that interact with the SM, independent of specific model assumptions. Our results indicate that the dimension-8 operators encode much more information about the UV than one would naively expect, which can be used to reverse engineer the UV physics from the SMEFT.
Bioenergetic changes in response to sperm capacitation and two-way metabolic compensation in a new murine model
Authors: Tourmente Maximiliano , Sansegundo Ester , Rial Eduardo , Roldan Eduardo R. S.
Published: December 2022

The acquisition of fertilizing ability by mammalian spermatozoa, known as “capacitation,” includes processes that depend on particular metabolic pathways. This has led to the hypothesis that ATP demands might differ between capacitated and non-capacitated cells. Mouse sperm can produce ATP via OXPHOS and aerobic glycolysis, an advantageous characteristic considering that these cells have to function in the complex and variable environment of the female reproductive tract. Nonetheless, despite evidence showing that both metabolic pathways play a role in events associated with mouse sperm capacitation, there is contradictory evidence regarding changes promoted by capacitation in this species. In addition, the vast majority of studies regarding murine sperm metabolism use Mus musculus laboratory strains as model, thus neglecting the wide diversity of sperm traits of other species of Mus. Focus on closely related species with distinct evolutionary histories, which may be the result of different selective pressures, could shed light on diversity of metabolic processes. Here, we analyzed variations in sperm bioenergetics associated with capacitation in spermatozoa of the steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus, a species with high sperm performance. Furthermore, we compared sperm metabolic traits of this species with similar traits previously characterized in M. musculus. We found that the metabolism of M. spicilegus sperm responded to capacitation in a manner similar to that of M. musculus sperm. However, M. spicilegus sperm showed distinct metabolic features, including the ability to perform cross-pathway metabolic compensation in response to either respiratory or glycolytic inhibition, thus revealing a delicate fine-tuning of its metabolic capacities.
Evaluations of annular Khovanov–Rozansky homology
Authors: Gorsky Eugene , Wedrich Paul
Published: December 2022

We describe the universal target of annular Khovanov–Rozansky link homology functors as the homotopy category of a free symmetric monoidal linear category generated by one object and one endomorphism. This categorifies the ring of symmetric functions and admits categorical analogues of plethystic transformations, which we use to characterize the annular invariants of Coxeter braids. Further, we prove the existence of symmetric group actions on the Khovanov–Rozansky invariants of cabled tangles and we introduce spectral sequences that aid in computing the homologies of generalized Hopf links. Finally, we conjecture a characterization of the horizontal traces of Rouquier complexes of Coxeter braids in other types.
A Scoping Review of Hyaluronidase Use in Managing the Complications of Aesthetic Interventions
Authors: Borzabadi-Farahani Ali , Mosahebi Afshin , Zargaran David
Published: December 2022

Background

Hyaluronidase is used as an adjunct or main treatment to manage complications associated with cosmetic hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections such as necrosis, blindness, hypersensitivity, delayed nodules, and poor aesthetic outcomes.

Objective

To systematically map the available evidence and identify the gaps in knowledge on the effectiveness of hyaluronidase use in managing the aesthetic complications associated with HA injections (vascular occlusion, blindness, nodules, delayed hypersensivity, granuloma, poor aesthetic outcome).

Methods

PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were used up to May 2022, to look for randomized clinical trials (RCTs), clinical trials, and retrospective case-control studies reporting on the use of hyaluronidase for managing the HA filler injection complications.

Results

The database search yielded 395 studies; of those 5 RCTs (all carried out in the USA) were selected (53 subjects), indicating the effectiveness of hyaluronidase for removal of un-complicated injected HA nodules (forearm, upper arm, or back skin). The follow-ups ranged from 14 days to 4 years. The amount of HA filler injected into each site varied from 0.2 to 0.4 mL. A dose dependent response was observed for most HA fillers. No major adverse reactions were reported. Overall, for removal of every 0.1 mL of HA filler they injected 1.25–37.5 units of hyaluronidase (single injections). When 3 consecutive weekly hyaluronidase injection was used much lower doses of 0.375–2.25 unit was utilised. There was no evidence in a form of RCTs, clinical trials, and retrospective case-control studies on the removal/reversal of HA injections in the facial skin, or management of over-corrections, inflammatory nodules, or tissue ischemia/necrosis associated with HA filler injection.

Conclusion

Based on studies on the forearm, upper arm and back skin, hyaluronidase can be used for the reversal of uncomplicated HA filler injection nodule. However, further adequately powered studies are warranted to establish the ideal treatment protocol/dose of hyaluronidase for reversal of HA filler injections in the facial region or management of complications associated with aesthetic HA injection.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Co-variation of fish and coral traits in relation to habitat type and fishery status
Authors: Anderson Louise , McLean Matthew , Houk Peter , Graham Curtis , Kanemoto Kriskitina , Terk Elizabeth , McLeod Elizabeth , Beger Maria
Published: December 2022

Escalating climate impacts on coral reefs are increasingly expanding management goals beyond preserving biodiversity to also maintaining ecosystem functions. Morphological and ecological species traits can help assess changes within reef communities beyond taxonomic identities alone. However, our limited understanding of trait interactions between habitat-building corals and associated reef fishes and whether they are captured by current monitoring practices hampers management. Here, we apply co-inertia analyses to test whether trait assemblages in corals and fishes co-vary across different habitats and test whether different components of the reef fish community (fisheries vs. non-target species) display distinct relationships. We find that spatial co-variation across habitat types between coral and fish traits is strengthened by the addition of non-target fishes. Additionally, even in fisheries with diverse targets, non-target species make unique contributions to the overall trait structure and highlight the importance of considering monitoring protocols when drawing conclusions about traits and ecosystems.
Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet’: results from a multistakeholder workshop
Authors: Vinoy Sophie , Goletzke Janina , Rakhshandehroo Maryam , Schweitzer Lisa , Flourakis Matthieu , Körner Antje , Alexy Ute , van Schothorst Evert M. , Ceriello Antonio , Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia K. , Buyken Anette
Published: December 2022

To summarize current knowledge and gaps regarding the role of postprandial glycaemic response in the paediatric population, a workshop was organized in June 2021 by the European branch of the International Life Science Institute (ILSI). This virtual event comprised of talks given by experts followed by in-depth discussions in breakout sessions with workshop participants. The main pre-specified topics addressed by the workshop organizing committee to the invited speakers and the workshop participants were: (1) the role of glycaemic responses for paediatric health, based on mechanistic insights from animal and human data, and long-term evidence from observational and intervention studies in paediatric populations, and (2) changes in metabolism and changes in dietary needs from infancy to adolescence. Each talk as well as the discussions were summarised, including the main identified research gaps. The workshop led to the consensus on the crucial role on health of postprandial glycaemic response in paediatric population. However, a lack of scientific data has been identified regarding detailed glucose and insulin profiles in response to foods commonly consumed by paediatric populations, as well as a lack of long-term evidence including the need for suitable predictors during childhood and adolescence to anticipate health effects during adulthood.
Forensic age estimation in males by MRI based on the medial epiphysis of the clavicle
Authors: Widek Thomas , De Tobel Jannick , Ehammer Thomas , Genet Pia
Published: December 2022

Increasing cross-border migration has brought forensic age assessment into focus in recent decades. Forensic age estimation is based on the three pillars: physical and medical constitution, bone age, and tooth age. Part of the bone age examination includes the assessment of the medial end of the clavicles when the hand bones are already fully developed and a minority must be excluded. Recent research has brought MRI to the forefront as a radiation-free alternative for age assessment. However, there exits only a few studies with large sample size regarding the clavicles and with controversies about staging, motion artifacts, and exclusion based on anatomic norm variants. In the current prospective study, 338 central European male individuals between 13 and 24 years of age underwent MRI examination of the sternoclavicular region. Development was assessed by three blinded raters according to the staging system described by Schmeling et al. and Kellinghaus et al. and related to age by descriptive statistics and transition analyses with a cumulative probit model. In addition, reliability calculations were performed. No statistically significant developmental difference was found between the left and right clavicles. Inter-rater agreement was only moderate, but intra-rater agreement, on the other hand, was good. Stage 3c had a minimum age of 19.36 years and appears to be a good indicator of proof of majority. The minimum age of stage 4 was lower compared with other studies, 20.18 years, and therefore seems not to be an indicator of age of 21 years. In conclusion, we confirmed the value of clavicular MRI in the age estimation process. The transition analysis model is a good approach to circumvent the problems of age mimicry and samples that are not fully equilibrated. Given the moderate agreement between raters, a consensus reading is recommended.
A Numerical Study of Elastic Wave Arrival Behavior in a Naturally Fractured Rock Based on a Combined Displacement Discontinuity-Discrete Fracture Network Model
Authors: Wang Shuaifeng , Zhang Zixin , Huang Xin , Lei Qinghua
Published: December 2022

The arrival behavior of elastic waves in a naturally fractured rock is studied based on numerical simulations. We use the discrete fracture network method to represent the distribution of a natural fracture system and employ the displacement discontinuity method to compute the propagation of elastic waves across individual fractures. We analyze macroscopic wavefield arrival properties collectively arising from the interaction between elastic waves and numerous fractures in the system. We show that the dimensionless angular frequency ῶ = ωZ/κ exerts a fundamental control on the arrival behavior of a plane wave traveling through the fractured rock, where ω, Z, and κ are the angular frequency, seismic impedance, and fracture stiffness, respectively. An asynchronous arrival phenomenon of the wave energy occurs and becomes more significant with an increased ῶ. Two regimes are identified according to the two-branch dependency of the fractal dimension D of the FFAW on ῶ, where the wave arrival behavior is within a non-fractal regime for ῶ smaller than the critical frequency ῶc ≈ 1.0, and enters the fractal regime for ῶ ≥ ῶc. The self-affine properties of the FFAW, i.e., the roughness exponent α and the correlation length lc, both linearly decrease as a function of the exponent ξ (with ῶ = 10ξ) in the fractal regime. Early breakthrough of wave transport occurs in regions with relatively low fracture density, while late-time arrival happens in regions of high fracture density.
Some properties of the maximum loss on loan portfolios
Authors: Vörös József
Published: December 2022

Estimating losses on portfolios both theoretically and technically is an interesting and hard issue because the comprehensive formulation of the problem results in a complicated task to solve. Simulation algorithms are among the most popular, currently available procedures used by financial institutions and striving to obtain closed form formulas to see the structure of the maximum loss requires the exploration of additional properties of the maximum loss problem. We prove that within a given Mahalanobis distance, under assumptions, the maximum loss on a loan portfolio is located at the frontier of this distance, and this property allow us to set up closed forms to define efficient initial solutions. The performance of these initial solutions is compared to the optimum solution when we have two variables indicating the state of the macro economy. The supposed advantage of this approach would appear in case of large number of macro variables, but this requires further research and investigation. We found that the initial solutions generated by the compact forms underestimates losses only with insignificant manner compared to the optimum solution for a particular set of maximum loss problems.
Strategic Priorities for Implementation of Father-Inclusive Practice in Mental Health Services for Children and Families: A Delphi Expert Consensus Study
Authors: Baran Marek B. , Sawrikar Vilas
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate expert consensus on barriers and facilitators to the organizational implementation of Father-Inclusive Practice (FIP) in child and family services to establish strategic priorities for implementation. An international panel of 56 experts in child and family service provision and father inclusion were surveyed using the Delphi technique. Three online questionnaires were used to gather opinions and measure experts’ levels of agreement in regard to factors that enable or hinder the organizational implementation of FIP. Survey design, analysis and interpretation was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Consensus was achieved for 46.4% (n = 13) statements. Eight barriers and five facilitators were identified as strategic priorities to organizational implementation of FIP. The key factors were related to the following CFIR themes: leadership engagement, access to information and knowledge, implementation climate, structural characteristics, networks and communication, client needs and resources, external policies and incentives, and reflecting and evaluating. The study findings suggest that issues related to central prioritization, top-down organizational processes and external policy context should represent priority areas for implementation. Our results prioritise methods for improving FIP by highlighting the key areas of organizational practice to be addressed by tailored implementation strategies.
Effect of Acoustic fMRI-Scanner Noise on the Human Resting State
Authors: Grieder Matthias , Koenig Thomas
Published: December 2022

Our knowledge about the human resting state is predominantly based on either electroencephalographic (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods. While EEG recordings can be performed in seated posture in quiet conditions, the fMRI environment presents a substantial contrast with supine and restricted posture in a narrow tube that is filled with acoustic scanner noise (ASN) at a chainsaw-like volume level. However, the influence of these diverging conditions on resting-state brain activation is neither well studied nor broadly discussed. In order to promote data as a source of sharper hypotheses for future studies, we investigated alterations in EEG-frequency-band power (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) and spatial power distribution as well as cortical vigilance measures in different postures and ASN surroundings over the course of time. Participants (N = 18) underwent three consecutive resting-state EEG recordings with a fixed posture and ASN setting sequence; seated, supine, and supine with ASN (supnoise) using an MRI simulator. The results showed that compared to seated, supnoise, the last instance within the posture sequence, was characterized by lower power and altered spatial power distribution in all assessed frequency bands. This might also have been an effect of time alone. In delta, theta, alpha, and beta, the power of supnoise was also reduced compared to supine, as well as the corresponding distribution maps. The vigilance analysis revealed that in supine and supnoise, the highest and lowest vigilance stages were more dominant compared to the seated and earliest posture condition within the sequence. Hence, our results demonstrate that the differences in recording settings and progress of time are related to changes in cortical arousal and vigilance regulation, findings that should be taken into account more profoundly for hypothesis generation as well as analytic strategies in future resting-state studies.
Examining Interpersonal Traumas Across Low Income Latinx Mother-Youth Dyads: Associations Between Maternal Child Abuse Exposure and Racial Discrimination with Mother and Youth Psychopathology
Authors: Russo Lyric N. , Arreola Jose , Montiel Gloria , Torres Gina , Leal Francisca , Guerra Nancy , Borelli Jessica L.
Published: December 2022

Child abuse has intergenerational consequences for psychopathology, however, there remains a paucity of research regarding how these experiences affect Latinx families, particularly those at risk for additional negative life events, such as racial discrimination. This study aims to contribute to this gap in the literature by examining the impact maternal child abuse exposure has on youth and maternal psychopathology, as well as whether these associations are moderated by racial discrimination, in a sample of 224 Latinx mother-youth dyads. Hierarchical regressions revealed small but significant maternal child abuse exposure x racial discrimination interactions for youth depression and anxiety, but not maternal depression or anxiety, which were solely positively associated with maternal child abuse exposure. Findings highlight the multifarious, and at times convergent, nature of trauma and oppression among Latinx families, as well as the impact across generations. Future work is needed to further elucidate developmental pathways of intergenerational trauma in understudied populations.
The case for approval voting
Authors: Hamlin Aaron , Hua Whitney
Published: December 2022

Citizens in many US states and cities in recent years have pushed for various reforms of voting methods. This raises the important question of which reform will best meet both normative and practical goals of representative democracy. While also evaluating criticisms of it, we make the case in this article that approval voting is the simplest actionable response. More specifically, we argue that approval voting offers distinct advantages, not only relative to the status quo of plurality voting, but also relative to alternative reforms. By giving voters the ability to support multiple candidates equally, approval voting grants true agency to the electorate to select strong winners among a candidate pool that is more competitive, diverse, and responsive to what voters want. As a low-cost yet high-impact electoral reform, the implementation of approval voting can create meaningful and lasting improvements in the quality of representation and policies.