bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Hydromechanical Properties in Saturated and Partially Saturated Conditions of Two Soils from the Runway of Oran Airport
Authors: Chikhaoui Mohamed , Hoxha Dashnor , Belayachi Naima , Nechnech Ammar
Published: March 2017

This study concerns the ground soils of the second runway of the Es-Sénia airport in Oran (Algeria). This airport was built on a very complex hydro geotechnical site when underground cavities, following the dissolution of gypsum soil, were found during the before-construction geologic studies. Several, techniques are used in laboratory (Permeability, triaxial compression tests at various confining pressure, and hydric tests in saturated and unsaturated conditions) and for in situ it’s used the results of SPT and pressure-meter tests. A comparison of parameters of two soils identified in saturated and partially saturated conditions by in situ and laboratory tests was performed in order to respond to questions of the similarity of hydro mechanical properties of two soils as well as their statistical representativeness of the in-situ reality. It is found that, in respect to the studied parameters, laboratory results are statistically significant and reconstituted soils is statistically representative of natural soil reconstitution.
Investigation of Plastic Hinge Length in Reinforced Concrete Columns on Column Behavior
Authors: Kamanli Mehmet , Unal Alptug
Published: March 2017

In reinforced concrete buildings in case of a possible earthquake, the buildings slamp as they lost their horizontal stability because of hinging of column ends. The assumptions for plastic hinge lengths are present during project stage of reinforced concrete buildings. According to Turkish Earthquake Regulations, although plastic hinge length is determined to be 0.5h, it's known that plastic hinge length is determined via various formulas in some other regulations all over the world. In reinforced concrete columns, it's necessary to indicate the effect of plastic hinge length on the column behavior. For this purpose, pushover analysis of 5 column samples having different plastic hinge lengths was performed with non-linear analysis program. As a result of pushover analysis, situations of plastic hinges formed in columns and their load-displacement curves were determined. The graphs and the data were compared and the results were discussed.
Experimental Analysis of Temperature Reduction Capacity for Wood Ventilated Façades
Authors: Romila Claudiu , Cozmanciuc Ruxandra
Published: March 2017

Ventilated façades are increasingly used for retrofitting of exterior walls but also as a passive strategy in the reduction of heat transfer through the envelope of new buildings. If correctly designed and constructed, ventilated façades can lead to energy savings and increased durability of exterior walls. Nevertheless, the main advantage of these constructive systems is the capacity to reduce heat load on the building during the warm season due to the air that flows inside the cavity. The total heat transported by convection is influenced by the temperature distribution inside the channel and depends on many factors, the most important being the channel thickness and the type of the exterior layer. This work presents an experimental study of the temperature reduction capacity for different channel thicknesses and exterior layer tightness on a real scale wooden ventilated façade wall.
The Eco-Design Directive ErP for AHUs
Authors: Popovici Cătălin George
Published: March 2017

The European ErP-Directive 2009/125/EG (Energy-related-Products-Directive), also called the Eco-Design Directive, defines the minimal requirements for energy-related products. The objective of the ErP-Directive is the reduction of energy consumption and the CO2-emission rates as well as an increase of the overall share of renewable energies. This directive applies for all products placed on the market within the European Economic Area (EEA). Relevant for the AHUs is the EC-Directive 1253/2014/EG that came into force on November 26th 2014. Within the framework of this directive and as of January 1st 2016, new requirements concerning the energy efficiency of AHUs will apply within the European Economic Area (EEA). The paper analyzes the new requirements for Air Handling Units under ErP Directive and its consequences.
Thermal Modeling of Thermo-Active Systems in Subway Tunnels: A Chilean Case Study
Authors: Calderón Williams , Toledo Mauricio J. , Cirano Raimundo
Published: March 2017

Since the mid 80’s thermo-active structures have been used around the world to take advantage of shallow geothermal energy. However, these systems have just been considered as energy options in Chilean projects.
In this article we explore the design, numerical modeling, and thermal behavior of a flat heat exchanger integrated to the concrete wall of a subway tunnel in Chile. The thermo-active structure is the concrete tunnel wall (energy tunnel) that has an arrangement of circular pipes with water as the heat carrier fluid. Such a system has a low-cost installation, because pipes are embedded in the concrete tunnel wall during construction.
The numerical modeling considers actual environmental conditions in the tunnel and the surrounding ground properties. The considered operating condition is restricted to heat transfer from the air within the tunnel and from the surrounding ground to the heat carrier. We studied the dependency of heat absorption on the heat carrier flow rate, and on the spacing of pipe arrangements. Results predict that a 10-meter section of tunnel can capture up to 6.900W in winter and 10.300W in summer. Most heat (75%) is extracted from the air within the tunnel, which allows a reduction of the tunnel air temperature of 5°C during winter and of 8°C during summer. Thus, implementing such a system has a dual effect of cooling the tunnel (a desired outcome) and providing a source of cheap thermal energy.
Thermo-Aeraulic Simulation of Mono Façade Natural Ventilation
Authors: Horneț Mircea Horne , Todor Raluca Dania , Iordan Nicolae Fani , Drăghici Mircea , Năstac Cristian , Mizgan Paraschiva
Published: March 2017

Natural ventilation is an energy efficient alternative for reducing the energy use in buildings, achieving thermal comfort and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. Differences in wind pressure along the façade and differences between indoor and outdoor temperatures create a natural air exchange between indoor and outdoor air. These physical processes are complex, and predicting ventilation rates is difficult. This paper presents a method for determining natural ventilation air flow in single-façade thermo-air system by simulating the room using the program TRNSYS 16. Theoretical checking of the airflow obtained by simulation was performed by comparing the thermal response in the room following the simulation, with interior temperatures measured during the experiment.
GPS-Based Study on an Interurban Road Connection
Authors: Cadar Rodica Dorina , Boitor Rozalia Melania
Published: March 2017

The paper presents an extensive theoretical background related to the travel time and the studies that were conducted during the recent years on the subject. As a concept, travel time is related to the period of time spent in travelling between two different points in space. The analysis focuses on several aspects related to the travel time concept such as its usefulness, its influencing factors, and data collection methods for its determination. In order to also provide a practical outcome, the main interurban road connection between Cluj-Napoca and Tîrgu-Mureş was studied. The road trespasses both urban and rural localities in the North-Western of Romania. For the data collection process, a GPS-based equipment was placed on a test vehicle to run the route for multiple times, at different days and hours. The collected data were studied by means of statistical analysis in order to establish the most relevant aspects of the travel time. The research goal of the paper was to evaluate the influence exerted by demographics and type of locality on travel time by means of eventual delays. The main findings were employed to analyze the traffic conditions as well as the parameters that have a major impact on them. According to the results of the analysis, the traffic flow on the interurban route is best described by the travel time and consequently the delays registered due to multiple obstructive elements such as railway level crossings, pedestrian crossings within the localities, and level intersections between different roads category. However, according to the study, it can also be concluded that travel time and therefore the eventual delays are not influenced to a great extent by neither the type of transited localities - urban or rural, nor the demographics.
Protection of Greenhouses against Wind Damage
Authors: Băetu Georgeta , Băetu Sergiu Andrei , Budescu Mihai
Published: March 2017

The paper presents a case study of a greenhouse building affected by wind loads. The building is a lightweight steel structure with a height of 7.1meters, 12.8 meters wide and 171m long. The roof of the building is a lattice cupola. The main purpose of the authors was to find solutions in order to reduce wind loads on the building envelope, using some wind protection barriers. In order to identify the optimal solution, different types of wind barriers were analyzed. Using Ansys CFX, the authors carried out numerical simulation for each type of wind barrier, in order to find out which reduces the most the wind pressures on the walls and on the roof of the analyzed building. The results provided by numerical simulation of wind action on the building were used to make a comparative study between different patterns of wind fences. The comparison between pressures developed on the walls and roof for each type of fence, has allowed the choice of an optimal solution that can be applied also to other similar buildings.
Implementing the Life Cycle Cost Analysis in a Building Design
Authors: Todor Raluca Dania , Horneț Mircea Horne , Iordan Nicolae Fani
Published: March 2017

In the context of increasing concerns for sustainable development new comprehensive methods are developed by builders and architects in order to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is one of these methods, perhaps the most functional one for the evaluation process. Using this LCCA contributes to the integration of the design process and helps identify opportunities for energy efficiency, such as appropriate zoning, natural lighting and design optimization of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). It also helps in finding the best solutions for reducing overall costs. LCCA is very little known in Romania and quasi unused practice for building design and for this reason the present paper contains a broad overview of the methodology and it’s uses highlighting its main advantages and a case study of the building design intended for laboratory research. The analyzed building is one of the 12 identical buildings of Transilvania University Research and Development Institute from Brasov.
Modern Technologies to Achieve Social Housing from Environmentally Friendly Materials
Authors: Şerbănoiu Adrian Alexandru , Timu Alexandru
Published: March 2017

In an era when the economic crisis is coupled with the immigrants crisis thus exponentially increasing the number of those who need social assistance the need of living spaces is increasingly more. Building of such areas requires a high consumption of resources without fully addressing the requirements of comfort and efficiency.

The Life cycle assessment of the product LCA is an environmental management technique that identifies flows of materials, energy and waste of a product during a product life-cycle management and environmental impact.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) models the complex interaction between a product and the environment from cradle to grave. It is also known as life cycle analysis or ecobalance. Even though the LCA methodology is applied in building social housing there are few studies which analyze its impact on the construction phase of design, production, use and post- use as well as how the use of precast technology would meet LCA.

The study aims is to identify those technologies and building materials that meet both the increasing requirement of achievement of cheap social housing but also meet the quality and environment standards. In this context the LCA (Life-cycle assessment), help us to develop a new methodology which consider the concept of housing as a product made from organic materials, cheap, easy to put into practice, which retain their value over the life of the building with minimal intervention during operation, and when the demolition occurs, the used materials can be exploited with low power consumption and without harming the environment.
Technical and Contractual Trends for Micro Tunneling Projects in Romania and Bulgaria
Authors: Tsitsas George , Kolev Chavdar , Radoi Liliana , Petrila Vlad
Published: March 2017

This publication provides an overview of the current technical and contractual trends that govern the execution of micro-tunneling projects in both Romania and Bulgaria. Technical issues discussed include available equipment and technologies, aspects related to the complexity and challenges of these works, comparisons between the open trench and trenchless methods, environmental impact, and other. Legal issues discussed include contractual schemes, relationship between the parties involved, dispute resolution, and contract types in compliance with both the national as well as the European Union law. Appropriate technical equipment is recommended to avoid risk in implementation and ensure the quality of finished products.
Real Estate Administration - Notion, Forms and Legal Regime
Authors: Herea Violeta , Antohie Eduard
Published: March 2017

The extent of this field, namely of real estate administration, due to the fact that private property holds the majority compared to public property after 1989, imposed the emergence of profile firms / companies in the field, but also the need to train specialists for this type of activity. Why the real estate administration? Perhaps this question should be the starting point for the reason why we advocate for this type of activity and thus for the training at university level, thus giving it the importance it deserves. The answer to this question is argued by: the capital invested is very small, solvent customers, regular revenues, chances of gains from good to very good, a multilateral activity due to the complexity of administration. On the other hand, this type of activity may be carried out in parallel with the main activity, namely the basic one of each of us. Therefore, many prospective real estate administrators begin to provide services in this area without sacrificing the core business, while performing these along with another activity for another institution. In analysing this issue we invoke the regulations in force which legislate the field which represents the purpose of our analysis. Also, we will present you the advantages of this kind of activity.
Techniques and Instruments Used in Construction Projects Management - Establishement and Modeling Specific Action Methodology
Authors: Onutu Catalin , Ciocan Ioan
Published: March 2017

Construction projects have a number of features which clearly differentiate industrial production problems that may occur as are many, very diverse and no t lea st very difficult to solve. This difficulty in solving the weight comes from modeling phenomena regarding specific construction activity. So it requires a good knowledge of the content and implementation stages of a construction project and to ensure compliance with the rules and specific requirements.
A Hydrometallurgical Approach to Recover Zinc and Manganese from Spent Zn-C Batteries
Authors: Abedin Muhammad Raisul , Abedin Shamsul , Al Mahbub Md. Hasib , Deb Nandini , Khan Mohidus Samad
Published: March 2017

This study addresses the recovery of recovery of zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) from spent dry cell (Zn-C battery) batteries using a hydrometallurgical approach. Every year, a significant number of Zn-C dry cell batteries are consumed and disposed worldwide. Zn-C dry cell batteries constitute more than 60% of Zn and Mn together. Higher amount of Zn and Mn present in Zn-C dry cells shows an industrial interest in recycling and recovering Zn and Mn. In this study the recovery of Zn and Mn from spent dry cells was investigated through an energy efficient hydrometallurgical route. Zn-C batteries were manually dismantled to collect the battery paste. Neutral leaching was carried out to remove potassium and non-metal contents. The battery powder was leached in sulfuric acid medium with glucose as reducing agent. The experiments were conducted according to ‘24 full factorial design’. The purpose of the design was to identify the most effective and optimum condition for Zn and Mn recovery from spent Zn-C batteries. Using the optimum operating condition, up to 86.54 % of Mn and 82.19% of Zn were recovered from the original battery powder.
Greenhouse Gases Reduction Assessment from Energy Efficiency Improvement: Case Study of Power Generation and Distribution
Authors: Suwanpahu Grissanee , Tantisattayakul Thanapol , Limphitakphong Nantamol , Chavalparit Orathai
Published: March 2017

Electricity industry is one of the most important industries that contributes to Thailand’s economic growth. Power generation requires a huge amount of energy and emits a great number of greenhouse gas emission. Reducing energy consumption by improving its efficiency will be beneficial in both economic and environmental aspect. In this study, ten measures related to power generation and distribution system were assessed and analyzed its emission reduction via clean development mechanism and evaluated its cost effectiveness by using the net present value method. The findings revealed that changing a burner with better efficiency was the best implemented measure providing a great point not only on total energy saving but also on gross emission reduction and on earning back the investment. The results in term of intensity of energy saving and emission reduction, however, demonstrated that replacing an old transformer with a new high efficiency one was the most effective measure because using it for a long time period results in high value of no load loss. The information regarding the potential of greenhouse gas emission reduction on the energy efficiency improvement of each measure would be a useful information for decision makers or other parties in power sector to understanding and planning the suitable strategies in the future.
Polysulfone/Polyacrilonitrile Membrane for Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Fauji Najmudin , Triyana Kuwat
Published: March 2017

Polysulfone (PSF)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane had been developed by electrospinning method to investigate the ability of membrane for oil/water separation. The ratios of PSF to PAN were varied as 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10 in 10wt% of total concentration. In general, ratio PSF to PAN 5:5 gave the best morphology with smooth nanofibers and good permeability. The results show that increase of PAN concentration leads to the increase of water permeability. The addition of PAN into PSF changed the membrane surface properties from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. PAN/PSF membrane with a ratio of PSF to PAN as 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10 were showing high resistant for oil. It suggested that PSF/PAN membrane with the large composition of PAN could be used as water/oil separator.
Collapse Behavior of Low Strength Concrete under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Boonmee Chichaya , Rodsin Kittipoom , Sriboonma Krissachai
Published: March 2017

The paper aims at investigating the failure mechanism of extremely poor quality reinforced concrete (RC) columns with very low amount of longitudinal reinforcement ratio recommended by design standard. This type of column was generally found in many developing country. Four column specimens representative of poor quality columns with similar axial stress but different longitudinal reinforcement ratios and concrete strength were test under cyclic loading. The test result revealed that the lateral drift of the column with higher strength is larger compared to those with lower strength. The amount of longitudinal reinforcement ratio did not significantly affect the maximum drift at collapse but may affect axial shortening at the stage near collapse. It was evidently observed that the axial shortening of the column at the nearly collapse stage of column with higher longitudinal reinforcement ratio is lower than those with lower ratio.
Microstructural Modification of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Using Friction Stir Processing and Carbon Fibers
Authors: Nakagawa Shohei , Afrinaldi Angga , Kakiuchi Toshifumi , Uematsu Yoshihiko , Ohtani Akio , Kumabe Kazuhiro , Mizutani Yoshiki
Published: March 2017

The microstructure of cast magnesium (Mg) alloy, AZ91, was modified by a friction stir process (FSP) technique. FSP was applied to AZ91 plate with a narrow slit, in which carbon fibers (CFs) were filled. The rotating FSP tool consisting of probe and shoulder could modify the microstructure of the material by sever plastic deformation (SPD) and simultaneously disperse CFs into the matrix. Microstructural observation revealed that sever stirring of material by a tool resulted in the grain refinement due to the dynamic recrystallization and distribution of CFs into the stir zone (SZ). The distribution was not uniform depending on the plastic flow in the SZ, but any worm-hole defects were not formed. Hardness of FSPed AZ91 in the SZ was higher than the as-casted AZ91 because of the grain refinement and distribution of hard CFs.
Microstructure and Final Properties of Cold-Rolled Ti-32.5Nb-6.8Zr-2.7Sn-0.3O Biomedical β Titanium Alloy
Authors: Lan Chun Bo , Guo Li Li , Chen Feng
Published: March 2017

Ti-32.5Nb-6.8Zr-2.7Sn-0.3O (TNZSO, wt%) alloy was melted under a high-purity argon atmosphere in an electric arc furnace, followed by cold-rolling. The effects of rolling process on microstructures and final properties were investigated using OM, XRD, TEM, TMA and universal material testing machine. Results show that no stress-induced α" martensite transformation occurred after cold-rolling. The plastic deformation mechanisms of the alloy were related to {112}〈111〉 type deformation twins and dislocation slip. With the increase of cold deformation reductions, the elastic modulus slightly decreased owing to the increase of dislocation density. The 90% cold deformed sample exhibited a great potential to become a new candidate for biomedical applications since it possesses low elastic modulus (55.3 GPa) and high tensile strength (1093 MPa), which are superior than those of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The coefficient of thermal expansion was also low (~6×10-6°C-1 between 25 and 320°C) in the 90% CR alloy.
Il dibattito in Bioetica - Un laboratorio per la formazione in bioetica. Vent’anni del Corso di perfezionamento dell’Università di Padova / The debate in Bioethics - A workshop for training in bioethics. Twenty years of graduate course at the University of Padua
Authors: Viafora Corrado
Published: March 2017

Non disponibile / Not available
Voor-bode (2015) bevestig Cas Vos se konsekwente bydrae tot die Afrikaanse poësie
Authors: Jacobs Ihette
Published: March 2017

No abstract available.
Вероятностные модели динамики роста клеток при контактном ингибировании
Authors: Belopol'skaya Yana Isaevna
Published: March 2017

Построено вероятностное представление обобщенного решения
задачи Коши для системы сильно связанных нелинейных
параболических уравнений, описывающих рост клеток
при контактном ингибировании.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Ниль-идеалы конечной коразмерности в альтернативных нетеровых алгебрах
Authors: Zhelyabin Viktor Nikolaevich , Panasenko Alexander Sergeevich
Published: March 2017

Рассматриваются альтернативные нетеровы (справа) алгебры.
Доказывается, что ниль-идеалы конечной коразмерности
в таких алгебрах нильпотентны,
что обобщает соответствующий результат Жевлакова.
В качестве следствия описываются
почти конечномерные альтернативные неассоциативные алгебры
(при характеристике поля, отличной от 2).
Библиография: 7 названий.
Краевые задачи для некоторых неклассических дифференциальных уравнений высокого порядка
Authors: Kozhanov Alexander Ivanovich , Pinigina Nyurguyana Romanovna
Published: March 2017

Работа состоит из двух частей. Первая из них посвящена
исследованию разрешимости новых краевых задач
для модельных квазигиперболических уравнений
\begin{equation*}
(-1)^pD^{2p}_tu=Au+f(x,t),
\end{equation*}
при $p>1$ с самосопряженным эллиптическим оператором $A$
второго порядка. Для изучаемых задач доказываются
теоремы существования и единственности регулярных решений.
Во второй части приводятся некоторые усиления и
обобщения полученных в первой части результатов.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Несколько замечаний о многомерных квазиконформных отображениях
Authors: Zorich Vladimir Antonovich
Published: March 2017

Обсуждается зависимость от размерности пространства некоторых важных объектов и величин теории пространственных квазиконформных отображений. В частности, в связи с теоремой о глобальном гомеоморфизме и теоремой о радиусе инъективности квазиконформных погружений рассмотрена асимптотика по размерности модулей колец Грeча и Тейхмюллера.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Принцип Макарова для единичного шара в пространстве Блоха
Authors: Ivrii Oleg Viktorovich , Kayumov Ilgiz Rifatovich
Published: March 2017

Принцип Макарова связывает между собой три характеристики функций из пространства Блоха, напоминающие дисперсию гауссовского распределения: асимптотическую дисперсию, константу в законе повторного логарифма Макарова и вторую производную спектра интегральных средних в нуле. Хотя в общем случае эти характеристики не обязательно совпадают, мы покажем, что их универсальные оценки, полученные взятием супремума по единичному шару в пространстве Блоха, равны между собой. Для супремума (любой из этих величин) мы доказываем неравенство $\Sigma^2_{\mathscr B} <\min(0.9, \Sigma^2)$, где $\Sigma^2$ - аналогичная величина, соответствующая единичному шару относительно $L^\infty$-нормы в пространстве Блоха. Это лучше верхней грани из оценки $0.685^2 <\Sigma^2_{\mathscr B}\le 1$, принадлежащей Х. Поммеренке.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Асимптотическое неравенство Маркова на жордановых дугах
Authors: Totik Vilmos
Published: March 2017

Изучаются неравенства Маркова для производной алгебраического многочлена на $C^2$-гладкой жордановой дуге. Получена асимптотически точная оценка для производной порядка $k$ при всех $k=1,2,…$ . Наилучшая константа в этой оценке связана с поведением в окрестности концов дуги нормальной производной функции Грина дополнения к дуге. Данный результат выводится из асимптотически точного неравенства Бернштейна для $k$-й производной во внутренних точках жордановой дуги. Последний результат в свою очередь получен с использованием недавнего результата С. И. Калмыкова и Б. Надя о неравенстве Бернштейна на аналитических дугах. В ходе доказательства будет ослаблено условие аналитичности дуг из результата Калмыкова и Надя до условия $C^2$-гладкости.
Библиография: 21 название.
Vehicle and Control Modifications for Drivers with Physical Disabilities Terminology
Authors:   Adaptive Devices Standards Committee
Published: March 2017

The terms included in this SAE Information Report have been collected during the development of SAE documents related to standards for the adaptation of vehicles for use by persons with physical disabilities. It includes only those terms that are pertinent to the adaptive devices discipline, leaving to other authorities more common automotive engineering terms. Where several terms have a common meaning in the practice, the Terminology Task Force has attempted to select the most appropriate term.

The Terminology Task Force recognizes that there will be a need to expand and update current terminology as advances in the industry occur, and as related standards documents are completed. Accordingly, they will continue to develop and maintain this document to reflect those changes.
Maintenance Cost Optimization of Faulty Gearbox under Continuous Vibration Measurement Monitoring
Authors: Abouel-Seoud S.A.
Published: March 2017

Maintenance management for the gearbox systems aims at reducing the overall maintenance cost and improving the availability of the systems. Since the maintenance costs represent a substantial portion of the total life cycle costs, reliability and maintenance management of the gearbox systems have drawn increasing interests for the reduction of these costs. This paper considers a condition-based maintenance optimization for continuously degrading systems under continuous rotational vibration acceleration monitoring. After maintenance, the states of the system are randomly distributed with residual damage. An optimization technique is used to solve the preventive maintenance problem for faulty (cracked) gear tooth system. The situations where cracked gear tooth system has several ranges of performance levels are considered. To enhance cracked gear tooth system availability, possible preventive maintenance schedules are performed and affect strongly the effective age. Moreover, the technique is used to generate an optimal sequence of maintenance actions providing system working with the desired level of reliability during its lifetime with minimal maintenance cost rate. A single stage gearbox is used for this study, where multi-time tests were carried on healthy and faulty gearboxes individually. The measured and filtered rotational vibration acceleration was collected where hazard lifetime (LT) was determined at failure based on the Weibull distribution with assured reliability. The results indicate that the saving expected costs of either health or faulty gearbox, the basic maintenance cost (C), availability (AV) and maintenance basic cost and availability (CAV) savings have been estimated. On the other hand, the operating time between failure and optimum points for C, AV and CAV savings are all considered.
Numerical Investigation of Drag and Lift Forces on a Sedan Car using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Mohamed M.F. , Madhavan P.L. , Manoj E. , Sivakumar K.
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this work is to cut back the drag, lift and aerodynamic in-stability of a sedan car at high speed levels. In early times, the cars accustomed have a flat faces, sharp edge, conjointly had higher mileage and potency. However later because of the emergence of fuel crisis, scientists improved the model of cars with regard to dynamics of the fluid around the body. Thus, it changes the structure of cars with respect to aeromechanics. Simulation of a vehicle had been done using computational fluid dynamics to obtain the coefficient of drag and coefficient of lift. Finally, these coefficients from computational fluid dynamics are compared wind tunnel simulation.
Simulation based Sensitivity Study of Tread Pattern and Materials on Cooling Efficiency of M1 Vehicle Tyres
Authors: Nithyavathy N. , Parameshwaran R. , Suganeswaran K. , Naveen C. , Raja G.
Published: March 2017

Tread wear of tyres is one of the serious issues in automobiles. Higher amount of heat is generated due to lesser availability of air in the tread region when the vehicle is travelling at high speeds. The existing M1 vehicle tyre has some specific standards of tread angle. In this paper, flow simulation and drop tests of M1 vehicle tyre are carried out using Solidworks. The objective of the work is to improve the cooling efficiency of tyre for vehicle speeds as 40 kmph, 80 kmph and 120 kmph. Various tread patterns for tyres made with hard rubber, Nylon66 and Nylon6 materials were simulated to predict the temperature distribution. Based on the temperature distribution and drop test results from the simulation, improved designs of M1 vehicle tyre are presented.
Performance Analysis of Diesel Particulate Filter using Glass Fibers
Authors: Sandhya K.R. , Rekha D. , Shanmughasundaram P.
Published: March 2017

To limit the adverse health effects to human beings due to the sub-micrometer particles emitted from the diesel engine exhaust, various after treatment devices have been developed. Number of researches have been done to improve the efficiency and to reduce the cost of the filters used to trap these diesel particulate matters. In this paper glass fiber filters have been used to trap the particulate matters. This attempt to use glass fiber as a filter is mainly to reduce the cost of the filter and to find a better alternative for trapping diesel particulates.
Design and Performance Optimization of Off-highway Diesel Engine with Mechanical Fuel Injection Equipment for TIER-IV Emission Norms
Authors: Subramanian K. , Kandaswamy A. , Mhahadevan S.
Published: March 2017

The two cylinder diesel engines are most demanding product in Indian market for power genset and tractor applications. But major task faced by engine manufacturers all over the world is to upgrade running engine designs with minimum and cost-effective modifications to meet the next level of emission norms. This saves the precious lead time and investments. In addition uncomplicated design has to be sustained as far as possible while improving emissions. Further the basic desires of the end user in off-road market are good response, transient performance, better low end torque, best fuel efficiency and smooth operation of the engine besides best in class reliability. Additional requirements needed to sustain the market with higher power to weight ratio and increased life of the engine. Henceforth turbocharging applications for off-road diesel engines are promising solution for enhancing rated power, low speed torque, transient performance, optimized fuel efficiency and engine downsizing. A trade-off is required to match some incompatible design issues like overall dimensions, cost, emissions control and performance in order to sustain the existing design. Future diesel engine emission standards will restrict vehicle emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides. In the present work, performance improvement for 1.7L, 2 cylinder in-line naturally aspirated diesel engine with mechanical fuel injection pump for off-road application is developed to contain all needs of the market. Design up-gradation of this engine for Tier IV is made with minimal design changes by optimal combinations of fuel injection equipment. This includes proper optimization of performance with improvements in nozzle geometry, change in injector end pressure. But due to the increased fuel flow rates for improving the engine performance as well as emission reduction, there is also a requirement for increased air flow. Henceforth in this study air flow rate is simulated and discussed for selection of turbocharger and intercooler. Further elaborate design and analysis study is also done on cooled exhaust gas recirculation system for exhaust gas cooling efficiency, Diesel Oxidation catalyst, Selective Catalytic Reduction /Lean NOx Trap substrate selection for reduced pressure drop and maximum retention time for exhaust gas to achieve Tier IV norms in turbocharged intercooled two cylinder engine.
Vibration based Fault Diagnosis of Automobile Hydraulic Brake System using Fuzzy Logic with Best First Tree Rules
Authors: Gajre M.N. , Jegadeeshwaran R. , Sugumaran V. , Talbar A.
Published: March 2017

Brakes are indispensable element of automobile. It takes significant factor to slow down or stop vehicle at an instant which will help to prevent an incident or accident in panic scenario. In appropriate braking or breakdown in braking system may direct devastating effect on automobile as well as traveller safety. To enhance potential of braking system condition monitoring is drastic demand in automotive field. This research predominantly concentrates towards fault diagnosis of a hydraulic brake system with the principle of vibration signal. Feature extraction, feature selection and feature classification are the key measures under machine learning approach. Feature extraction can certainly accomplished by acquiring vibration from the system. Statistical features were for the fault diagnosis of hydraulic brake system. Best first tree algorithm will pick most effective features that will differentiate the fault conditions of the brake through given train samples. Fuzzy logic was selected as a classifier. In the present study, fuzzy classifier with the best first tree rules was used to perform the classification accuracy.
Computational Investigation of Icing Conditions on The Velocity Profiles of a Commercial Aircraft
Authors: Satheesh T. , Rose J.B.R.
Published: March 2017

Icing is a challenging problem in the aerospace environment especially for inter-continental airline operations. Existing anti-icing methods offer consistent performance against glaze icing problems however it compromises the fuel efficiency through by-pass bleed air. A Numerical analysis for an airfoil with and without icing conditions is done to investigate the velocity distribution around the commercial airplane wing. The supercritical airfoil is analyzed in step by step ice accretion aspect under optimal velocity input about 175 m/s. The surrounding temperature is maintained in the range of 273K to 243K as per FAR standards at various angles of attack. The airfoil is designed by DESIGN MODELER module exists in ANSYS workbench and it is meshed with ICEMCFD. Subsequently, it is analyzed with the help of a flow solver at various time steps of ice accretion to verify the dynamic pressure changes due to rime icing. The iced airfoil produced realistic CL and CD variations for different ice shapes against the clean wing configuration. The step by step ice accretion is summarized and the roadmap for ice elimination through coating techniques is proposed.
Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Paramesh K. , Neriya R.P. , Kumar M.V.
Published: March 2017

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is popular and gaining technology finding its application in various fields. The power is transferred from a source to an electrical load without the need of interconnections. WPT is useful to power electrical devices where physical wiring is not possible or inconvenient. The technology uses the principle of mutual inductance. One of the future applications finds in automotive sector especially in Electric Vehicles. This paper deals with research and development of wireless charging systems for Electric vehicles using wireless transmission. The main goal is to transmit power using resonance coupling and to build the charging systems. The systems deal with an AC source, transmission coil, reception coil, converter and electric load which are battery.
Simulation and Numerical Analysis of Crashworthiness Behaviour of Thin Walled Structure
Authors: Yesuraj D. , Vallavaraayan M.S.P.P. , Selvaraj S.
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this work is to find the specific energy absorption (SEA) of a steel tube using ABAQUS/CAE V6.10. Crashworthiness of a structure is characterised by the absorbed more amount of energy while the structure is subjected to an impact. A material structure should safeguard the occupants during an impact. The specimen geometry, processing conditions, and testing speed are the dependent parameters of energy absorption. It aims to determine the generalized mathematical model to evaluate the SEA and also find the parameter that is most likely affects SEA. Simulations are also carried out in ABAQUS/CAE to validate the developed numerical analysis.
Dynamic Behaviour of a 7 DoF Passenger Car Model
Authors: Palli S. , Sharma R.C. , Rao P.P.D.
Published: March 2017

Conventional vehicle suspension systems, which are passive in nature consists of springs with constant stiffness and dampers with constant damping coefficient. These suspension systems cannot meet the characteristics such as ride comfort, road handing and suspension deflection during abnormal road conditions simultaneously. Active and semi-active suspension systems are the solutions to achieve the desired suspension characteristics. Since, active system is bulky and requires high energy for working, a semi-active suspension system is considered in the present work to analyze vehicle traversing over various road profiles for ride comfort. Mathematical model of a 7 DoF passenger car is formulated using Newtonâ€™s method. A semi-active suspension system with skyhook linear control strategy avoids the road excitations at resonant frequencies by shifting the natural frequencies of the model by varying damping coefficients based on the vehicle response for different road conditions where the excitations could be harmonic, transient and random. Modal analysis is carried out to identify the un-damped natural frequencies and mode shapes for different values of damping. The above analyses are carried out through analytical and numerical methods using MATLAB and ANSYS software respectively and the results obtained from both are in good agreement.
Sobre cómo William Kentridge llegó a la luna. Journey to the moon.
Authors: De León Yong Tania
Published: March 2017

Journey to the Moon (2003) es un cortometraje del artista multidisciplinario William Kentridge, nacido en Sudáfrica, y que realizó estudios en ciencias políticas y estudios africanos, artes visuales y teatro. Su obra, ajena a recetas y fórmulas, emerge de una necesidad personal por generar imágenes dibujadas y se caracteriza por la hibridación de lenguajes a partir del dibujo, la escultura, la gráfica, la performance, la animación y el teatro. Con este filme Kentridge hace un homenaje al mago y cineasta de principios del siglo XX, Georges Méliès, reinterpretando su famoso Viaje a la luna (Voyage dans la Lune 1902).
César Díaz Meléndez: commissioned animator de día, animador independiente de noche
Authors: Lorenzo Hernández María
Published: March 2017

César Díaz Meléndez (Madrid, 1975) es uno de los animadores españoles más multidisciplinares y valorados a nivel internacional. Animador desde 1994, y después de haber colaborado en decenas de producciones de dibujos animados para televisión y cine —incluyendo Las tres mellizas (Robert Balser, Baltasar Roca, 1995) y El Cid: la leyenda (José Pozo, 2003)—, comenzó a compaginar sus cortometrajes personales —como Documentales animados (2002), No corras tanto (2008) o el más reciente y celebérrimo Zepo (2014), con exquisita animación sobre arena— con su participación en trabajos de stop-motion, como el corto ganador de un Goya El viaje de Said (Coke Rioboo, 2007), el largometraje O Apóstolo (Fernando Cortizo, 2012) y toda una miríada de películas de proyección mundial, como Frankenweenie (Tim Burton, 2012), ParaNorman (Chris Butler, Sam Fell, 2012), Anomalisa (Duke Johnson, Charlie Kaufmann, 2015) y La vida de calabacín (Ma vie de Courgette, Claude Barras, 2016). En la actualidad está trabajando en Londres, en el rodaje del nuevo y misterioso filme de animación de Wes Anderson: Island of Dogs, prevista para 2018.
La postproducción tridimensional de largometrajes con Blender. Aproximación a los flujos de trabajo con software libre en el desarrollo de secuencias de animación
Authors: Roque López Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2017

En este artículo nos sumergiremos en la evolución y los retos que ha supuesto la postproducción digital del largometraje El Hereje producido en 2015 y en el que se han empleado gráficos tridimensionales generados por medio del software libre Blender. Para ello, recorreremos las diferentes etapas de la postproducción asociadas a los efectos visuales de un largometraje analizando los problemas y soluciones empleados en esta producción. La postproducción de esta película se ha realizado por parte del grupo de investigación IDECA, perteneciente a la universidad de Castilla-La Mancha y supone el primer audiovisual de su categoría realizado en España en estas condiciones.
La escalada de la animación. Desde los escenarios de Karel Zeman al encuentro con Josef Svoboda
Authors: Machuca Casares Blanca
Published: March 2017

El teatro de marionetas forma parte indisoluble de las tradiciones de la actual República Checa y a partir de él se ha desarrollado la mayor parte del trabajo de directores de animación en stop-motion y también teatral. Karel Zeman se inicia en el cine de animación con la técnica del stop-motion y es también la que desarrollan algunos de los directores de animación contemporáneos y compatriotas suyos como Jiří Trnka y Hermína Týrlová. A su vez, en el campo teatral se desarrollan nuevas técnicas instalativas y de escenificación de la mano de la compañía la Linterna Mágica, y sobre todo del escenógrafo y uno de sus fundadores, Josef Svoboda, que conjugan actores reales con animación. Por su parte, uno de los aspectos más significativos de Karel Zeman es el trabajo de realización en diferentes espacios físicos según sus necesidades, y que nos permitirá analizar técnicas cinematográficas como el “matte-painting” que se parecen a técnicas escenográficas, y las proyecciones y teorías teatrales que son aplicables a su mundo de la animación, como el trabajo actoral y su relación con las marionetas. En este ensayo, con el análisis y la comparación de los trabajos de Zeman y Svoboda, y los diferentes escenarios observaremos que el cine de animación, el teatro y las técnicas teatrales son vasos comunicantes.
US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980 to 2014: quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate
Authors: Lin Meiyun , Horowitz Larry W. , Payton Richard , Fiore Arlene M. , Tonnesen Gail
Published: March 2017

Abstract. US surface O3 responds to varying global-to-regional precursor emissions, climate, and extreme weather, with implications for designing effective air quality control policies. We examine these conjoined processes with observations and global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3) hindcasts over 1980–2014. The model captures the salient features of observed trends in daily maximum 8 h average O3: (1) increases over East Asia (up to 2 ppb yr−1), (2) springtime increases at western US (WUS) rural sites (0.2–0.5 ppb yr−1) with a baseline sampling approach, and (3) summertime decreases, largest at the 95th percentile, and wintertime increases in the 50th to 5th percentiles over the eastern US (EUS). Asian NOx emissions have tripled since 1990, contributing as much as 65 % to modeled springtime background O3 increases (0.3–0.5 ppb yr−1) over the WUS, outpacing O3 decreases attained via 50 % US NOx emission controls. Methane increases over this period contribute only 15 % of the WUS background O3 increase. Springtime O3 observed in Denver has increased at a rate similar to remote rural sites. During summer, increasing Asian emissions approximately offset the benefits of US emission reductions, leading to weak or insignificant observed O3 trends at WUS rural sites. Mean springtime WUS O3 is projected to increase by  ∼  10 ppb from 2010 to 2030 under the RCP8.5 global change scenario. While historical wildfire emissions can enhance summertime monthly mean O3 at individual sites by 2–8 ppb, high temperatures and the associated buildup of O3 produced from regional anthropogenic emissions contribute most to elevating observed summertime O3 throughout the USA. GFDL-AM3 captures the observed interannual variability of summertime EUS O3. However, O3 deposition sink to vegetation must be reduced by 35 % for the model to accurately simulate observed high-O3 anomalies during the severe drought of 1988. Regional NOx reductions alleviated the O3 buildup during the recent heat waves of 2011 and 2012 relative to earlier heat waves (e.g., 1988, 1999). The O3 decreases driven by NOx controls were more pronounced in the southeastern US, where the seasonal onset of biogenic isoprene emissions and NOx-sensitive O3 production occurs earlier than in the northeast. Without emission controls, the 95th percentile summertime O3 in the EUS would have increased by 0.2–0.4 ppb yr−1 over 1988–2014 due to more frequent hot extremes and rising biogenic isoprene emissions.