bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida) from the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
Authors: RODRIGUES CLARA F. , PATERSON GORDON L. J. , CABRINOVIC ANDREW , CUNHA MARINA R.
Published: January 2019

The Ophiuroidea collected from mud volcanoes and adjacent bathyal environments from the Gulf of Cadiz are reviewed. Thirteen species from six families—Ophiacanthidae, Ophiactidae, Amphiuridae, Amphilepididae, Ophiuridae and Ophiolepididae—were identified. A direct relationship to the chemosynthetic assemblages has not been established as the ophiuroids found in the mud volcanoes do not appear to have novel morphological adaptations and also occur in non-reducing environments. The ophiuroid fauna from the Gulf of Cadiz differs from other cold seep regions not only by the high species richness but also because members of Amphiuridae are dominant both in number of species and abundance. One species previously unknown, Ophiopristis gadensis sp. nov., (Ophiacanthidae) was collected from a dead cold-water coral thicket at the flank of a mud volcano and differs from its congeners in the type of disk spines which are more rugose and not smooth as in most of the other species, the presence of the thickened integument in larger specimens and the distinct separation between the oral papillae and the second oral tentacle scales.
Two new deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munidopsidae) from Taiwan
Authors: LIN CHIA-WEI , CHAN TIN-YAM
Published: January 2019

Two new deep-sea munidopsids, Munidopsis aurantia sp. nov. and M. laevisquama sp. nov., are described from Taiwan. Munidopsis aurantia sp. nov. closely resembles M. serricornis (Lovén, 1852), but differs in lacking an antennal spine, cheliped with fingers longer than palm and merus bearing distal spines but without a row of dorsal spines. Munidopsis laevisquama sp. nov. differs from other congeners by its carapace being densely covered with squamae but without dorsal spines, eyes that are subglobular and lacking spines or papillae, the basal antennal segment bearing a cylindrical process, and the cheliped and walking legs all lacking distal spines. Altogether 36 species of Munidopsis are now known from the deep waters off Taiwan.
Designation of a lectotype for Notiomystis cincta hautura Mathews, 1935 (Aves: Passeriformes: Meliphagidae)
Authors: ANGEHR GEORGE R.
Published: January 2019

Mathews (1935) described the population of the New Zealand endemic hihi, or stitchbird Notiomystis cincta (Du Bus) from Little Barrier Island (Hauturu) as the subspecies hautura, distinct from the nominate subspecies on the mainland of the North Island. Mathews based his description on a series in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, but did not designate a type specimen. The AMNH specimens vary in the quality of the label data associated with them, and the locality information on some is somewhat uncertain.
Phylogenetic relationships among the Epiperipatus lineages (Onychophora: Peripatidae) from the Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: LACORTE GUSTAVO AUGUSTO , DE SENA OLIVEIRA IVO , DA FONSECA CLEUSA GRAÇA
Published: January 2019

The taxonomy and phylogeny of Onychophora (velvet worms), in particular of the neotropical Peripatidae, are understudied, due to a low number of useful morphological characters. In this paper, we use mitochondrial DNA markers to investigate the evolutionary relationships among the Epiperipatus lineages from the Minas Gerais State of Brazil. Our phylogenetic analyses of two fragments of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and small ribosomal subunit RNA genes (12S rRNA) provide evidence of three major monophyletic clades and indicate cryptic speciation among specimens from different geographic localities. Our findings highlight the utility of molecular methods for studies of cryptic speciation, phylogeography, and evolutionary history of Onychophora.
Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
Authors: PROUS MARKO , HEIDEMAA MIKK , SOON VILLU
Published: January 2019

The Empria longicornis species group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) is revised. Empria japonica Heidemaa & Prous, sp. nov. is described from Japan. The lectotypes of Empria gussakovskii Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929, E. konowi Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929, Poecilosoma longicornis Thomson, 1871, P. mongolica Konow, 1895, and P. tridens Konow, 1896 are designated. Empria konowi Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929 (syn. nov.) and E. gussakovskii Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929 (syn. nov.) are synonymized with E. tridens (Konow, 1896), and Empria waldstaetterense Liston, 1980 (syn. nov.) with E. alector Benson, 1938. Empria alpina Benson, 1938 and E. minuta Lindqvist, 1968, earlier misidentified as E. gussakovskii, are treated as valid species. Nine species are confirmed to belong in the longicornis-group: E. alector, E. alpina, E. basalis, E. japonica, E. loktini, E. longicornis, E. minuta, E. mongolica, and E. tridens. Distributional data of the species and a key to the imagines are provided. Ex ovo rearings of the four most common and often misidentified species in the group (E. alector, E. basalis, E. longicornis, and E. tridens) were carried out to verify their host plants and male conspecifics. External morphology, morphometrics (geometric and traditional), and DNA sequences (mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS1 and ITS2) are used to delimit species within the group and to assess their phylogenetic relationships. Mitochondrial DNA sequences analyzed are mostly regarded as unsuitable for species circumscription, DNA barcoding and for reconstructing species phylogeny within the group. In this regard, analyses of the ITS sequences yielded more concordant results.
Revision of the genus Oedematopus (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with the description of a new genus and a key to the Neotropical genera of Hydrophorinae
Authors: NAGLIS STEFAN M.
Published: January 2019

The genus Oedematopus Van Duzee is revised. Oedematopus shannoni Van Duzee, 1930 and Oedematopus transversus Van Duzee, 1930 are synonymized with Oedematopus vidua (Becker, 1922), and Oedematopus moraviensis sp. nov. is newly described. The closely related new genus Oedematopiella, including Oedematopiella sarae sp. nov. and Oedematopiella nathaliae sp. nov., is established. Oedematopiella differs from Oedematopus mainly by wing venation and the male postadomen. Keys to tribes and genera of Neotropical Hydrophorinae and to species of Oedematopus and Oedematopiella are provided.
Revision of the Magellanic Mactridae Lamarck, 1809 (Bivalvia: Heterodonta)
Authors: SIGNORELLI JAVIER H. , PASTORINO GUIDO
Published: January 2019

The worldwide family Mactridae Lamarck, 1809, is well represented in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Literature research revealed 22 living nominal species linked to Magellanic forms. Within this context, a taxonomic revision of the species belonging to the family Mactridae that inhabit the Magellanic area was carried out. The analysis was done by using morphological characters of the shell and describing the mantle cavity organs. After extensive fieldwork from Peninsula Valdés to Tierra del Fuego province, seven valid living species were confirmed. Synonymies of those valid forms have been updated, as have their geographic distributions. Redescriptions of the species here considered as valid, i.e.: Mactra fuegiensis Smith, 1905, Mulinia bicolor Gray, 1837, Mulinia byronensis Gray, 1837, Mulinia edulis (King & Broderip, 1832), Mulinia exalbida Gray, 1837, Mulinia levicardo (Smith 1881) and Darina solenoides (King & Broderip, 1832) are provided.
A new species of the genus Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 (Squamata: Natricidae) from the highlands of Kon Tum Province, Vietnam
Authors: DAVID PATRICK , PHAM CUONG THE , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: January 2019

A new species of the snake genus Opisthotropis Günther, 1872, Opisthotropis cucae sp. nov., is described from Kon Tum Plateau in central Vietnam. It is distinguished from any other Opisthotropis species by the combination of the following characters: (1) dorsal scales entirely smooth, in 23–19–19 rows; (2) 191 ventrals; (3) 1 loreal, in contact with internasal; (4) 7 supralabials, 5 th entering orbit; (4) dorsum uniformly greyish-brown without bands or crossbars, with an irregular separation between dark dorsum and venter, greyish-yellow speckled with dark grey. An extended comparison with other species of the genus Opisthotropis species is provided together with a key to the known species of the genus. Opisthotropis cucae sp. nov. is the third new mountain stream snake described from Vietnam in the past decade. The grammatical gender of the genus Opisthotropis is discussed; this genus is feminine.
Tenuibiotus, a new genus of Macrobiotidae (Eutardigrada)
Authors: PILATO GIOVANNI , LISI OSCAR
Published: January 2019

The group of Macrobiotus species having claws of the tenuis-type is discussed and a new genus, named Tenuibiotus, is instituted. The tenuis-type claws are characterised by the fusion of the primary and secondary branches over a long distance so that the common tract is longer than that found in other members of the Macrobiotidae. Distally, the secondary branch is clearly shorter than the primary branch, and forms with it almost a right angle. In all the known species attributable to the new genus, the buccal tube is narrow, the buccal cavity is small with small peribuccal lamellae; the eggs are laid freely and have conical or trunco-conical processes.
A new species of Fejervarya (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Bangladesh
Authors: HOWLADER MOHAMMAD SAJID ALI
Published: January 2019

A new cryptic species of the genus Fejervarya is described from the Chittagong district of Bangladesh. Fejervarya asmati sp. nov. is compared with its morphologically similar and geographically proximate congeners. The species can be readily diagnosed by having the following combination of characters: SVL 29.1– 33.4 mm; butterfly shaped vocal marking present in male; forearm length 70% of hand length; relative length of fingers, shortest to longest: 2 < 4 < 1< 3; nostril much closer to snout tip than eye, nostril–snout length 57% of distance from front of eyes to nostril; nostril–snout length 0.67% of internarial distance; MBE 18% of HL.
Phylogenetic placement and redescription of the spider genus Atelidea Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA FERNANDO , BENJAMIN SURESH P.
Published: January 2019

The spider genus Atelidea Simon, 1895 previously included two described species, A. spinosa Simon, 1895 and A. globosa Yamaguchi, 1957. In this study we describe for the first time the female of A. spinosa, and provide illustrations and scanning electron microscope images of external and internal features. The phylogenetic placement of this genus was investigated by including A. spinosa in a recent phylogenetic analysis with 23 tetragnathids. Parsimony analyses under equal and implied weights were performed. Our results suggest that Atelidea belongs to Tetragnathidae and in particular nests within Leucauginae, this last node is well supported and expected to endure future analysis; however, the relationships of Atelidea to other leucaugine species and its validity as a genus need to be assessed in future studies with a larger sample of leucaugine taxa. The second species described in the genus, A. globosa, is only known from its now lost type specimen from Japan and it is proposed as a nomen dubium leaving Atelidea monotypic.
Description of the final instar larva of Progomphus joergenseni Ris (Epiprocta: Gomphidae)
Authors: MUZÓN JAVIER , LOZANO FEDERICO
Published: January 2019

The final instar larva of Progomphus joergenseni is described and illustrated for the first time based on specimens collected in Río Negro Province, northern Patagonia, Argentina. Right mandibular molar crest shows an extreme reduction in the number of teeth with no intermediates between teeth a and b. Antennal, leg and paraprocts morphology suggest a close relationship with the species included in the Pygmaeus group, but P. joergenseni differs from them because of its larger size and longer anal pyramid.
The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species
Authors: GILASIAN EBRAHIM , SOROKINA VERA S.
Published: January 2019

A new species of the genus Paragus Latreille is described, Paragus (Paragus) radjabii sp. nov. It is similar to P. compeditus Wiedemann and P. hyalopteri Marcos-García & Rojo. The head, abdomen and male genitalia of the new species are figured. A list of the species of Paragus known from Iran is provided, along with a distributional map of the species in Iran.
Two new sympatric Sarotherodon species (Pisces: Cichlidae) endemic to Lake Ejagham, Cameroon, west-central Africa, with comments on the Sarotherodon galilaeus species complex
Authors: NEUMANN DIRK , STIASSNY MELANIE L. J. , SCHLIEWEN ULRICH K.
Published: January 2019

Morphometric differentiation among 25 populations of the widespread Sarotherodon galilaeus species complex is investigated, and two new species are described from Lake Ejagham, Cameroon in west-central Africa. Sarotherodon lamprechti sp. nov. is characterized by a prognathous lower jaw, scales over the pectoral fin-base restricted at maximum to the basal third, and an elongate ventral keel on the lower pharyngeal jaw. Sarotherodon knauerae sp. nov. is characterized by the possession of an inflated second pharyngobranchial element of the upper pharyngeal jaw, and small size at maturation. It is further differentiated from its sympatric congener in having a shorter anal fin (12.0–14.6 % SL vs. 14.1–15.7 % SL), larger eyes (24.0–31.2 % HL vs. 20.4– 29.2 % HL), higher total gill raker count (24–30 vs. 20–25), and a terminal mouth. Molecular evidence for a sister group relationship for these two sympatric species is corroborated by the shared possession of a reduced number of teeth on the second pharyngobranchial element of the upper pharyngeal jaw.
Inter- and intra-island divergence in Odorrana ishikawae (Anura, Ranidae) of the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan, with description of a new species
Authors: KURAMOTO MITSURU , SATOU NAOKI , OUMI SHOHEI , KURABAYASHI ATSUSHI , SUMIDA MASAYUKI
Published: January 2019

The endangered frog, Odorrana ishikawae (Anura, Ranidae), is a species endemic to the Amami and Okinawa Islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Segmentation of these islands has been considered to occur middle or upper Pleistocene. Our morphometric analyses revealed obvious differences between the Amami and Okinawa populations. Two distinct morphotypes were also recognized from the Amami Island (Amami common and Amami large types). Furthermore, the Amami and Okinawa populations could be distinguished clearly by coloration and dorsal tuberculation. Based on 16S rRNA gene data, the Okinawa and Amami populations were phylogenetically separated but the genetic divergence (1.44– 2.16%) was lower than the value suggested as species threshold in anurans (> 3% in 16S). Individuals of the Amami common and large types were nested within a single clade. Artificial hybridization experiments revealed normal hybrid viability between the two Amami types, with one exception. By contrast, between Okinawa females and two Amami type males, complete hybrid inviability was observed at early embryonic stages in the hybrids contrary to expectations from their low divergence in 16S. The reciprocal hybrids between two Amami type females and Okinawa males were viable, but spermatogenesis in the hybrid males showed some degree of abnormality. These results strongly indicate specific separation of the Amami population from the Okinawa population of O. ishikawae. Thus, we describe the Amami population as a new species, which is readily distinguishable from O. ishikawae by smaller ruggedly edged dorsal spots and an immaculate ventral surface.
On the “Hippolyte commensalis Kemp, 1925” species complex (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae), with the designation of a new genus and description of two new species from the Indo-West Pacific
Authors: MARIN IVAN , OKUNO JUNJI , CHAN TIN-YAM
Published: January 2019

Only one species of hippolytid shrimp, namely Hippolyte commensalis Kemp, 1925, was previously known to be associated with alcyonacean soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) in the Indo-West Pacific. Recent collections revealed that at least three distinct hippolytid species are associated with alcyonacean soft corals. Moreover, these alcyonacean-associated hippolytids differ considerably from all other species of the genus Hippolyte Leach, 1814 in having a smooth rostrum bearing a single subapical ventral tooth, reduced styliform incisor process of the mandible, the basal antennular segment without ventromedial tooth, and the ambulatory pereiopods lacking or with only relatively small distoventral spines. A new genus, Alcyonohippolyte gen. nov., is thus established for Hippolyte commensalis Kemp, 1925 and two new species. Alcyonohippolyte dossena sp. nov. (the type species of the new genus) mainly differs from the congeners in having a humpbacked carapace. Alcyonohippolyte maculata sp. nov. closely resembles A. commensalis but clearly differs in having a furry carapace and distinct coloration, as well as in association with different alcyonacean host. An identification key is provided as well as information on the live coloration and host for all species of Alcyonohippolyte gen. nov.
Two new species of lotic breeding salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from western Japan
Authors: TOMINAGA ATSUSHI , MATSUI MASAFUMI , NISHIKAWA KANTO
Published: January 2019

Two new species of lotic-breeding salamanders, Hynobius sematonotos and H. oyamai, are described from Chugoku district and northeastern Kyushu district, respectively, western Japan. They are members of the so-called H. naevius group and are phylogenetically close to H. naevius, H. katoi, and H. hirosei but divergent from them with large genetic distances. These new species have been treated as Chugoku and northeastern Kyushu lineages, respectively, of H. naevius to which they are morphologically very similar. However, these new species can be differentiated from H. naevius by several morphological traits. Hynobius sematonotos is characterized and discriminated from other species by combination of small body size, a shallow vomerine teeth series with small number of vomerine teeth, small number of upper and lower jaw teeth, relatively long head and snout, and large upper eyelid, relatively short axilla-groin, reddish purple ground color with grayish brown marking on the dorsum, and reddish to bluish gray ventral ground color with relatively large markings varying from pale-white to white. Hynobius oyamai is characterized and discriminated from other species by large body size, moderately deep vomerine teeth series with a medium number of vomerine teeth, large number of upper and lower jaw teeth, relatively wide internarial and long fifth toe, bluish purple ground color sometimes with pale white marking on dorsum. Hynobius sematonotos occurs in Honshu, disjunct from H. naevius and H. oyamai that occur allopatrically in Kyushu.
Journey to the Center of the Earth: Description of a new troglomorphic litter-bug species inhabiting lava tubes in the Canary Islands (Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha: Ceratocombidae)
Authors: ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , KIM JUNGGON , GARCÍA-BECERRA RAFAEL , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: January 2019

Lava tubes in the Canary Islands have shown to have a great amount of endemic biodiversity belonging to a wide, and sometimes unexpected, range of taxa. In this paper, the first cave-dwelling species of a troglomorphic Dipsocoromorpha, Ceratocombus stysi sp. nov. is described making this finding the first named species of Dipsocoromorpha from the Canary Islands. Morphological information including diagnosis and genitalia description of the new species, together with biological and ecological notes are given.
Revision of the genus Disparomitus van der Weele, 1909 with descriptions of four new species (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae)
Authors: MICHEL BRUNO
Published: January 2019

The genus Disparomitus van der Weele is revised and redescribed. Thirteen species are recorded: Disparomitus abyssinicus van der Weele, D. bacillus (Gerstaecker), D. brevistigma (Esben-Petersen), D. caviceps n. sp., D. citernii Navás, D. haullevillei (Navás) n. comb., D. kimminsi n. sp., D. lineatus n. sp., D. sellatus (Navás) n. comb., D. simplex Kimmins, D. spatula n. sp., D. transvaliensis (van der Weele) and D. yemenicus Hölzel. Disparomitus horvathi van der Weele and D. schoutedeni Navás are considered nomina dubia. The genera Nanomitus Navás and Nagacta Navás are synonymnized with Disparomitus. Nagacta leplaei Navás, N. schoutedeni Navás, Suphalacsa microstigma Navás and Disparomitus schultzei Esben-Petersen are considered as junior synonyms of D. haullevillei. D. longus Navás is considered a junior synonym of D. transvaliensis. Suphalasca subcostalis Navás is considered a junior synonym of D. bacillus. Disparomitus rufocostatus Esben-Petersen, D. maynei Navás and D. congoensis Navás are removed from the genus Disparomitus. All species placed in Disparomitus are illustrated. The distribution of the taxa as well as ecological and behavioral information are provided.
Deep Convective Organization, Moisture Vertical Structure, and Convective Transition Using Deep-Inflow Mixing
Authors: Schiro Kathleen A. , Neelin J. David
Published: January 2019

It is an open question whether an integrated measure of buoyancy can yield a strong relation to precipitation across tropical land and ocean, across the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and for varying degrees of convective organization. Building on previous work, entraining plume buoyancy calculations reveal that differences in convective onset as a function of column water vapor (CWV) over land and ocean, as well as seasonally and diurnally over land, are largely due to variability in the contribution of lower-tropospheric humidity to the total column moisture. Over land, the relationship between deep convection and lower-free-tropospheric moisture is robust across all seasons and times of day, whereas the relation to boundary layer moisture is robust for the daytime only. Using S-band radar, these transition statistics are examined separately for mesoscale and smaller-scale convection. The probability of observing mesoscale convective systems sharply increases as a function of lower-free-tropospheric humidity. The consistency of this with buoyancy-based parameterization is examined for several mixing formulations. Mixing corresponding to deep inflow of environmental air into a plume that grows with height, which incorporates nearly equal weighting of boundary layer and free-tropospheric air, yields buoyancies consistent with the observed onset of deep convection across the seasonal and diurnal cycles in the Amazon. Furthermore, it provides relationships that are as strong or stronger for mesoscale-organized convection as for smaller-scale convection.
Representation of Western Disturbances in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Turner Andrew G. , Shaffrey Len C.
Published: January 2019

Western disturbances (WDs) are synoptic extratropical disturbances embedded in the subtropical westerly jet stream. They are an integral part of the South Asian winter climate, both for the agriculture-supporting precipitation they bring to the region and for the associated isolated extreme events that can induce devastating flash flooding. Here, WD behavior and impacts are characterized in 23 CMIP5 historical simulations and compared with reanalysis and observations. It is found that WD frequency has a strong relationship with model resolution: higher-resolution models produce significantly more WDs and a disproportionately high fraction of extreme events. Exploring metrics of jet strength and shape, we find that the most probable cause of this relationship is that the jet is wider in models with coarser resolution, and therefore the northern edge in which WDs are spun up sits too far north of India. The frequency of WDs in both winter and summer is found to be overestimated by most models, and thus the winter frequency of WDs estimated from the multimodel mean (30 per winter) is above the reanalysis mean (26 per winter). In this case, the error cannot be adequately explained by local jet position and strength. Instead, we show that it is linked with a positive bias in upstream midtropospheric baroclinicity. Despite a positive winter precipitation bias in CMIP5 models over most of India and Pakistan and a dry bias in the western Himalayas, the fraction of winter precipitation for which WDs are responsible is accurately represented. Using partial correlation, it is shown that the overestimation in WD frequency is the largest contributor to this bias, with a secondary, spatially heterogeneous contribution coming from the overestimation of WD intensity.
Impacts of Targeted AERI and Doppler Lidar Wind Retrievals on Short-Term Forecasts of the Initiation and Early Evolution of Thunderstorms
Authors: Coniglio Michael C. , Romine Glen S. , Turner David D. , Torn Ryan D.
Published: January 2019

The ability of Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and Doppler lidar (DL) wind profile observations to impact short-term forecasts of convection is explored by assimilating retrievals into a partially cycled convection-allowing ensemble analysis and forecast system. AERI and DL retrievals were obtained over 12 days using a mobile platform that was deployed in the preconvective and near-storm environments of thunderstorms during the afternoon in the U.S. Great Plains. The observation locations were guided by real-time ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) fields. AERI retrievals of temperature and dewpoint and DL retrievals of the horizontal wind components were assimilated into a control experiment that only assimilated conventional observations. Using the fractions skill score within 25-km neighborhoods, it is found that the assimilation of the AERI and DL retrievals results in far more times when the forecasts are improved than degraded in the 6-h forecast period. However, statistical confidence in the improvements often is not high and little to no relationships between the ESA fields and the actual changes in spread and skill is found. But, the focus on convective initiation and early convective evolution—a challenging forecast problem—and the fact that frequent improvements were seen despite observations from only one system over a limited period, provides encouragement to continue exploring the benefits of ground-based profilers to supplement the current upper-air observing system for severe weather forecasting applications.
Collecting Ethnographic Video Data for Policy Research
Authors: Golann Joanne W. , Mirakhur Zitsi , Espenshade Thomas J.
Published: January 2019

Despite growing recognition of the critical role of parents in children’s early development, parenting education programs and interventions typically have had limited impacts on children’s outcomes. To design programs and policies that are more responsive to families’ needs and constraints, policymakers need a better understanding of the lived experiences of families. In this article, we argue that qualitative video-ethnographic approaches offer an innovative and useful supplement to policy researchers’ usual tool kit. Taking a holistic approach to parent–child interactions and filming families in their natural environments over an extended period provides policy researchers with new data to inform future parenting initiatives. To assist researchers interested in undertaking a video-ethnographic study, we discuss our experiences with the New Jersey Families Study, a 2-week, in-home video study of 21 families with a 2- to 4-year-old child. This is the first time anyone has attempted an in-home naturalistic observation of this breadth, intensity, or duration. We highlight the potential of this method for policy relevance along with its associated challenges.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Wound VAC) in the Treatment of Chylous Fistula After Neck Dissection
Authors: Dorneden Ashley , Olson Garth , Boyd Nathan
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

Cervical chylous fistula is an uncommon but potentially severe occurrence associated with neck surgery. Methods for treating this problem have inconsistent efficacy and may result in lengthy hospital stays. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a highly effective tool in the management of complex wounds. We report 3 cases where NPWT was successfully used to treat chylous fistulas following neck dissection.

Methods:

This is a retrospective chart review of 3 patients who developed chylous fistulas after neck dissection and were successfully treated with NPWT.

Results:

Chylous ouput ceased within 2 to 8 days of proper wound VAC placement. Hospital stays ranged from 6 to 47 days. Patients received altered diets, including TPN for 1 patient with high-flow output and nil-per-os (NPO) or clear liquids for the others. Patients received octreotide throughout their hospitalization.

Conclusion:

NPWT shows potential as a treatment option for both high-volume and low-volume chylous fistulas following neck dissection.
Low Risk of Adrenal Insufficiency After Use of Low- to Moderate-Potency Topical Corticosteroids for Children With Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Davallow Ghajar Ladan , Wood Heickman Lauren K. , Conaway Mark , Rogol Alan D.
Published: January 2019

Our objective was to assess the risk of adrenal insufficiency (AI) with short-term use of low- to moderate-potency topical corticosteroids (TCS) for treatment of atopic dermatitis. Our systematic literature search revealed 9 studies (n = 371) that evaluated AI using adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing, with measures of serum cortisol levels at baseline and following at least 2 weeks of TCS application. Biochemical AI was defined by a stimulated cortisol level of ≤18.0 µg/dL (~500 nmol/L). The overall proportion of AI with low-to-moderate TCS use was 2.7% (95% confidence interval = 1.47% to 4.89%). None of the children showed any clinical evidence of AI or adrenal crisis. Short-term use of low- to moderate-potency TCS for the treatment of atopic dermatitis is associated with a low risk of adrenal suppression. General practitioners do not need to test these patients for adrenal suppression in the absence of concerning signs and symptoms of AI.
Negative Binomial Models for Visual Fixation Counts on Test Items
Authors: Man Kaiwen , Harring Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2019

With the development of technology-enhanced learning platforms, eye-tracking biometric indicators can be recorded simultaneously with students item responses. In the current study, visual fixation, an essential eye-tracking indicator, is modeled to reflect the degree of test engagement when a test taker solves a set of test questions. Three negative binomial regression models are proposed for modeling visual fixation counts of test takers solving a set of items. These models follow a similar structure to the lognormal response time model and the two-parameter logistic item response model. The proposed modeling structures include individualized latent person parameters reflecting the level of engagement of each test taker and two item parameters indicating the visual attention intensity and discriminating power of each test item. A Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation method is implemented for parameter estimation. Real data are fitted to the three proposed models, and the results are discussed.
Augmented Reality Improves Procedural Work on an International Space Station Science Instrument
Authors: Braly Adam M. , Nuernberger Benjamin , Kim So Young
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether an augmented reality instruction method would result in faster task completion times, lower mental workload, and fewer errors for simple tasks in an operational setting.

Background:

Prior research on procedural work that directly compared augmented reality instructions to traditional instruction methods (e.g., paper) showed that augmented reality instructions can enhance procedural work, but this was not true for simple tasks in an operational setting.

Method:

Participants completed simple procedural tasks on spaceflight hardware using an augmented reality instruction method and a paper instruction method.

Results:

Our results showed that the augmented reality instruction method resulted in faster task completion times and lower levels of mental and temporal demand compared with paper instructions. When participants used the augmented reality instruction method before the paper instruction method, there was a transfer of training that improved a subsequent procedure using the paper instruction method.

Conclusion:

An off-the-shelf augmented reality head-mounted display (HoloLens) can enhance procedural work for simple tasks in an operational setting.

Application:

The ability of augmented reality to enhance procedural work for simple tasks in an operational setting can help in reducing costs and mitigating risks that could ultimately lead to accidents and critical failures.
Tensile properties of CFRP manufactured by resin transfer molding considering stacking sequences at various strain rates
Authors: Yoo Jesung , Huh Hoon , Lim Jaeyoung , Lee Taehwa
Published: January 2019

This paper is concerned with the improvement of a tensile test method and the material properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer manufactured by resin transfer molding considering stacking sequences at various strain rates for auto-body. Auto-body structure experiences the strain rates up to several hundreds per second during car crash. In order to apply the carbon fiber reinforced polymer panel into auto-body structures, it is critical to acquire the material properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer at various strain rates considering stacking sequences. The tensile test method is improved for acceptable test results. Test specimens are modified for high-speed tensile tests of carbon fiber reinforced polymer in order to achieve designated strain rates and eliminate the effect from unfavorable conditions of inhomogeneity of deformation. Various types of grip tab materials are employed for acceptable failure modes. Tensile tests have been carried out with non-crimp fabric made by 50K high strength carbon fiber (NCF) and woven fabric made by a 2/2 twill pattern of 3K high strength carbon fiber (TWILL) with different stacking sequences of 0° and 90° unidirectional cases as well as [0°/90°] and [45°/−45°] symmetric cases. Digital image correlation method and force equilibrium grid method are adopted for strain and stress measurement of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer specimen during a tensile test. The material properties acquired indicate that the carbon fiber has little rate dependency, while the epoxy matrix has remarkable rate hardening at strain rates from 0.001 s−1 to 100 s−1.
Agency and Change in Healthcare Organizations: Workers’ Attempts to Navigate Multiple Logics in Hospice Care
Authors: Cain Cindy L.
Published: January 2019

There is no doubt that the organization of healthcare is currently shifting, partly in response to changing macrolevel policies. Studies of healthcare policies often do not consider healthcare workers’ experiences of policy change, thus limiting our understanding of when and how policies work. This article uses longitudinal qualitative data, including participant observation and semistructured interviews with workers within hospice care as their organizations shifted in response to a Medicare policy change. Prior to the policy change, I find that the main innovation of hospice—the interdisciplinary team—is able to resist logics from the larger medical institution. However, when organizational pressures increase, managers and workers adjust in ways that reinforce medical logics and undermine the interdisciplinary team. These practices illustrate processes by which rationalization of healthcare affects workers’ experiences and the type of care available to patients.
Endovenous cyanoacrylate glue to treat varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency—Experience gained from our first 100+ truncal venous ablations in a multi-ethnic Asian population using the Medtronic VenaSeal™ Closure System
Authors: Tang Tjun Y , Rathnaweera Harsha P , Kam Jia W , Chong Tze T , Choke Edward C , Tan Yih K
Published: January 2019

Objectives

The aim of this prospective single-centre study is to assess the effectiveness and patient experience of the VenaSeal™ Closure System, a novel non-thermal, non-tumescent catheter technique, which uses cyanoacrylate glue to occlude the refluxing truncal superficial veins to treat varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency, in a multi-ethnic Asian population from Singapore.

Methods

Seventy-seven patients (93 legs; 103 procedures) underwent VenaSeal™ Closure System ablation. Forty-nine (63.6%) for great saphenous vein incompetence, 16 (20.8%) bilateral great saphenous vein, 2 (2.6%) small saphenous vein and 10 (13.0%) combined unilateral great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein/anterior thigh vein reflux. In addition, 65/93 legs (69.9%) had C4–C6 disease. Patients were reviewed at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months post-procedure.

Results

There was 100% technical success. 28/77 (36.4%) underwent concomitant phlebectomies. All procedures were well tolerated with a mean post-operative pain score of 3.0 (range: 0–5). After three months, median patient satisfaction was 9.0 (interquartile range: 7.0–10.0). At two-week follow-up, the great saphenous vein was completely occluded in 88/88 (100%) veins and small saphenous vein completely closed in 11/11 (100%) veins. At three-month follow-up, the great saphenous vein was occluded in 51/53 (96.2%) veins and small saphenous vein completely closed in 5/5 (100%) veins. At six-month follow-up, the great saphenous vein was completely occluded in 42/45 (93.3%) veins and small saphenous vein completely closed in 5/7 (71.4%) veins. At one year, great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein occlusion rates were 54/59 (91.5%) and 5/8 (62.5%), respectively. There was one deep vein thrombosis. Transient superficial phlebitis was reported in 10/93 (10.8%) legs, which were all self-limiting. There were 9/103 (8.7%) anatomical recurrences, but no patients required re-intervention as they were asymptomatic.

Conclusions

Cyanoacrylate glue is a safe and efficacious modality to ablate refluxing saphenous veins in Asian patients in the short term. There is a high satisfaction rate and peri-procedural pain is low. Early results are promising but further evaluation and longer term follow-up are required.
Passenger Travel Time Reliability for Multimodal Public Transport Journeys
Authors: Dixit Malvika , Brands Ties , van Oort Niels , Cats Oded , Hoogendoorn Serge
Published: January 2019

Urban transit networks typically consist of multiple modes and the journeys may involve a transfer within or across modes. Therefore, the passenger experience of travel time reliability is based on the whole journey experience including the transfers. Although the impact of transfers on reliability has been highlighted in the literature, the existing indicators either focus on unimodal transfers only or fail to include all components of travel time in reliability measurement. This study extends the existing “reliability buffer time” metric to transit journeys with multimodal transfers and develops a methodology to calculate it using a combination of smartcard and automatic vehicle location data. The developed methodology is applied to a real-life case study for the Amsterdam transit network consisting of bus, metro, and tram lines. By using a consistent method for all journeys in the network, reliability can be compared between different transit modes or between multiple routes for the same origin–destination pair. The developed metric can be used to study the reliability impacts of policies affecting multiple transit modes. It can also be used as an input to behavioral models such as mode, route, or departure time choice models.
Sector Choice and Sector Regret
Authors: Witesman Eva M. , Child Curtis , Wightman G. Breck
Published: January 2019

Although sector choice theory is improving, we have less understanding of how social entrepreneurs view their sector choices in hindsight, particularly given the various barriers to changing organizational form once a legal entity has been established. This article finds that one in six organizational founders in the fair trade industry regrets their initial sector choice. In addition to defining and examining the prevalence of sector regret, this article also identifies three factors that correlate with the sector preferences of fair trade entrepreneurs postestablishment: general funding and support, the availability of grants, and salary. In other words, money, money, and money. As presaged by Dennis Young in 1983, financial flexibility appears to be a key factor in sector fit. Using semistructured interviews ( n = 46) and a survey ( n = 117), this article examines sector regret and what it tells us about the real differences between the sectors.
Holocene and recent aeolian reactivation of the Willandra Lakes lunettes, semi-arid southeastern Australia
Authors: Fitzsimmons Kathryn E , Spry Caroline , Stern Nicola
Published: January 2019

The Willandra Lakes in semi-arid southeastern Australia provide some of the most continuous combined palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records on the continent. These are best preserved within the transverse shoreline (lunette) dunes on their downwind margins. Following final lake retreat c. 15 ka avulsion of the dominant fluvial inflow eastwards, the Willandra lunettes periodically reactivated, experiencing erosion, aeolian redeposition and alluvial sheetwash. These reworked sedimentary archives reflect regional climatic conditions rather than those of the entire catchment. Yet the focus of most study in the region to date has remained on the late Pleistocene. The general paucity of Holocene data has contributed to a perception that people largely abandoned the area in favour of the perennial Murray and Darling Rivers to the south and west. Our study reconstructs past geomorphological conditions and patterns of human mobility in adjacent Lakes Mungo and Durthong over the last c. 15 ka subsequent to final lake retreat, including the most recent 150 years since Europeans established pastoralism in the region. Our data show that Indigenous people did not abandon the area as previously assumed, but developed effective strategies for responding to the changed environmental conditions. Final lake retreat transitioned into a phase of aeolian accumulation c. 15–12 ka, indicating locally dry conditions. Subsequent aeolian reactivation peaked during arid phases experiencing less rainfall in the early Holocene and twice in the most recent 1000 years prior to European settlement in the area. Alluvial sheetwash was deposited onto lake floors during the mid-Holocene, and again in the early decades of European settlement. Aeolian reactivation, likely driven by European pastoral activities, increases in the most recent 150 years. Our study underscores the necessity of integrating geomorphological and archaeological investigations over landscape scales in order to optimise our understanding of interactions between people and their environment through time.
Initial employment pathways of immigrants in Germany. Why legal contexts of reception matter – an analysis of life-course data
Authors: Söhn Janina
Published: January 2019

This article investigates the impact of legal status on economic integration opportunities after immigrants arrive in Germany. Those coming from European Union (EU) countries experience a legal context of reception quite distinct from those from outside the EU, i.e. third-country nationals. Of these third-country nationals, asylum-seekers are particularly vulnerable as long as their legal status is unresolved. The empirical analysis (National Educational Panel Study) of longitudinal employment patterns studies persons who moved to Germany as adults between 1964 and 2003. Results show that, while EU nationals had the highest likelihood of entering high-status occupations immediately after arrival, a large proportion of refugees persistently faced difficulties in entering the labour force or at most slowly gained access to unskilled jobs. By contrast, politically privileged ethnic German resettlers ( Aussiedler), though experiencing initial unemployment similar to refugees, managed to transition into employment fairly fast. Other third-country nationals are situated between resettlers and EU nationals.
Correlation between the pre-hospital triage scale and emergency department triage scale
Authors: Sung Sil , Kang Chan Young , Lee Hee Young , Lee Jung Hun , Kim Oh Hyun , Youk Hyun , Lee Kang Hyun
Published: January 2019

Background:

While emergency patient triage system is effective when the pre-hospital triage acuity scale is linked with the in-hospital triage acuity scale. However, the 119 emergency medical triage system and the Korea Triage and Acuity Scale are not linked in Korea.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the two triage systems and to utilize the results as basic data for the future development of a pre-hospital triage system.

Methods:

Among the 1114 patients who visited a regional emergency medical center by a 119 ambulance from April to May 2016, we analyzed the correlation between the pre-hospital and in-hospital triage systems based on the general characteristics of the patients and their reason of hospital visit (non-trauma or trauma).

Results:

Upon reclassifying the pre-hospital and in-hospital triage systems into three levels, among the 289 patients (28.1%) in level 3 of the pre-hospital triage, 79 (27.3%) were reclassified as the highest level (Resuscitation) in the in-hospital triage. The kappa coefficient as a measure of agreement between the two triage systems was very low at 0.211 (95% confidence interval, 0.164–0.258), and the kappa coefficient of the paramedic category was 0.232 (95% confidence interval, 0.161–0.303).

Conclusion:

There is a low agreement between the pre-hospital and in-hospital triage systems.
Immunocytochemistry of mesenteric lymph node fine-needle aspirates in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Felten Sandra , Hartmann Katrin , Doerfelt Stefanie , Sangl Laura , Hirschberger Johannes , Matiasek Kaspar
Published: January 2019

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tissue samples is considered the gold standard for diagnosing feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and, in cats without body cavity effusion, IHC is the only method available to establish definitive antemortem diagnosis. However, IHC requires invasive tissue sample collection. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of an immunocytochemical assay of fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of mesenteric lymph nodes that can be obtained noninvasively by ultrasound-guided aspiration to diagnose FIP. FNAs of mesenteric lymph nodes were obtained postmortem from 41 cats suspected of having FIP based on clinical and/or laboratory findings. FIP was confirmed immunohistochemically in 30 cats. In the other 11 cats, a disease other than FIP, which explained the clinical signs, was diagnosed histopathologically. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) was performed as an avidin–biotin complex method using a monoclonal anti-FCoV IgG 2A. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV, respectively) including 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined. ICC was positive in 17 of 30 cats with FIP, but also in 1 of 11 control cats that was diagnosed with lymphoma. Sensitivity of ICC was 53% (95% CI: 34–72); specificity 91% (95% CI: 59–100); NPV 42% (95% CI: 22–63); and PPV 94% (95% CI: 71–100). In a lethal disease such as FIP, specificity is most important in order to avoid euthanasia of unaffected cats. Given that a false-positive result occurred and FIP was correctly detected in only approximately half of the cases of FIP, ICC of mesenteric lymph node FNA alone cannot reliably confirm or exclude FIP, but can be a helpful test in conjunction with other diagnostic measures.