bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Spatio-temporal change of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Sinks and Carbon Balance partition in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Region
Authors: Yang Yunsong
Published: February 2025

Research on spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of carbon sources/sinks and carbon balance zoning is of significance in promoting the coordinated development of regional low-carbon development, improving the scientificity and operability of carbon reduction and sink enhancement policies, and realizing the goal of “double carbon”. In this study, Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of carbon sources/sinks and carbon balance zoning in the Poyang lake ecological economic region (PYLEER) have been analyzed by correcting the long time series DMSP / OLS, NPP / VIIRS night lighting data, land use data, and GIS. The results were as follows: ① From 2000 to 2021, the total carbon emission of PYLEER continued to rise but the growth rate was declining, showing an overall convergence trend, but not reaching the peak carbon emission, and the spatial pattern of carbon emission was stable. The change of carbon sink has gone through two stages, with a slow growth trend from 2000 to 2005 and a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2021. ② From 2000 to 2021, the carbon balance changed greatly, with the carbon balance spanning 1612.90-20269.18t. The carbon compensation rate was less than 1, showing carbon source, and the carbon compensation rate was decreasing, indicating certain carbon reduction pressure. The economic contribution coefficient of carbon emission generally showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and the spatial pattern changed greatly. The spatial pattern of carbon ecological carrying coefficient relatively was stable. ③ From 2000 to 2010, the carbon balance zoning of PYLEER produced some changes. And Jiujiang city and Jingdezhen city changed from carbon sink development area to economic development area, and Xinyu city had become comprehensive optimization area. To 2021, the carbon balance zoning has changed again compared with 2010, with Yingtan becoming a comprehensive optimization zone, Jiujiang, Yichun, and Jingdezhen becoming carbon sink development zones, and Ji'an and Fuzhou becoming low-carbon zones.The above research results are of guiding significance to the formulation of scientific carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization policies in PYLEER.
Current Situation, Trend and Peak-Reaching Path of Low-Carbon Development of Water Transportation in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Lu Meng , Wei Yanhua , Lu Yilei , Zhou Yiying
Published: February 2025

This paper analyzes the development status and trends of the water transport industry in Zhejiang Province in detail, including port infrastructure and operation, ship transport, waterway infrastructure and operation and other aspects. Meanwhile, it summarizes the main achievements of low-carbon development in the water transport industry and discusses the situational requirements. The water transport industry in Zhejiang Province has made remarkable progress in infrastructure construction, optimization of transportation organization, and green and low-carbon transformation. However, it still faces challenges from multiple aspects such as climate change, national policies, and green transportation construction. Finally, the paper proposes the implementation path for carbon peaking in the water transport industry of Zhejiang Province, covering aspects such as upgrading transportation equipment, optimizing organizational coordination, providing infrastructure support, enhancing intelligent innovation, and activating the roles of the government and the market.
Price Mechanisms in Green Electricity Markets and Game Analysis of Participant Behavior
Authors: Liu Jing , Chen Tiantian , Xiao Yiqing , Wang Jing
Published: February 2025

As the global demand for carbon reduction continues to grow, promoting green electricity has become a key to achieve sustainable development. However, effectively incentivizing green electricity generators and quota subjects to participate widely in green electricity trading remains a challenge. This study constructs a bipartite network model based on the game between green electricity generators and quota subjects to analyze the impact of green electricity prices, traditional electricity prices, and green certificate market prices on decision-making behavior. The results show that an increase in green electricity prices significantly enhances market participation, while an increase in traditional electricity prices reduces the proportion of green electricity participation. This study provides a theoretical basis for formulating reasonable price mechanisms and policy incentives to promote the adoption of green electricity.
Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development of Qiangang Village Based on Catalyst Theory
Authors: Lin Xiuhong , Wu Yilin
Published: February 2025

In previous years, construction has proven that the development model of urbanization, large-scale demolition and construction, and pursuit of efficiency are not suitable for rural areas. We need to explore new ways that are more in line with rural development. Catalyst Theory is the process of generating catalytic reactions through small-scale element modification or introduction, driving the activation rate of surrounding large-scale spaces, and striving to create a spatial development model of “small leads to large” with minimal cost investment and minimal spatial intervention. Based on our team's field research data on Qiangang Village over the past six years, we have proposed the spatial planning concept of “Old Village - Catalyst” in Qiangang Village and constructed a planning framework for spatial catalyst, functional catalyst, and cultural catalyst. This article helps to fill the gap in the application of Catalyst Theory in rural planning practice and provides a guidance manual for the restoration and sustainable development of villages in Guangdong Province.
A Review of the Applications of CFRP Reinforcements in Civil Engineering
Authors: Wang Jue , Su Xincheng , Gao Quanqing
Published: February 2025

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), as an advanced composite material, has been attracting a great deal of attention from researchers because of its excellent mechanical properties and durability. CFRP reinforcements are increasingly used in the construction and strengthening engineering. In recent years, considering the application of CFRP reinforcements in civil engineering has entered a stage of rapid development, it is necessary to review the development and recent advances in civil engineering. The present paper reviews the applications of CFRP reinforcements in civil engineering, the characteristics and types of CFRP reinforcements and cables, as well as the anchoring system of CFRP cables, are summarized. Furthermore, the applications of CFRP reinforcements and cables in the construction and strengthening engineering are reviewed, especially the developments and applications in bridge engineering. The main goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive review of the application development of CFRP reinforcements in engineering structures. Moreover, the critical issues should be solved for expanding the application scope of them are discussed.
Experimental Study on the Strength Characteristics of Loess Reinforced with Calcium-based Mixture, Chitosan and Sisal Fiber
Authors: Lei Lei , Wan Hao , Wei Xiaolong , Liang Jun , Zhang Han , Liu Xiaoli , Chen Zhuo , Tian Kanliang
Published: February 2025

Loess has engineering characteristics such as loose structure, strong collapsibility, and rapid decrease in strength when exposed to water, which can easily cause environmental and engineering problems. Calcium-based mixture, chitosan and sisal fiber were introduced to improve soil. Loess samples with different additive contents and sisal fiber contents were prepared, and the liquid limit, plastic limit and unconfined compressive strength test were carried out. The effect and mechanism of each material on improving the liquid limit, plastic limit and unconfined compressive strength of loess were analyzed. The test results showed that: calcium-based mixture chould significantly improve the liquid limit, plastic limit and strength of fiber reinforced loess. The optimum content of mixture wass 9 %, which increased the liquid limit, plastic limit and unconfined compressive strength to 1.35,1.35 and 3.81 times of untreated soil. Chitosan chould significantly change the liquid limit and strength of fiber reinforced loess, but had no significant effect on the plastic limit. The optimum dosage of chitosan was 0.48 %, which increased the liquid limit and unconfined compressive strength to 1.30 and 5.50 times that of untreated soil. The sisal fiber chould significantly improve the unconfined compressive strength of the treated soil, but had no significant effect on the liquid plastic limit. The optimum content of sisal fiber was 0.75 %. The combined use of biological, natural materials and short fibers chould enhance the interaction between soil particles and formed an overall three-dimensional interlocking grid structure, which significantly improved the engineering mechanical properties of loess.
Impact of high-temperature processing steps on the long-term stability of charge carrier lifetime in n-type FZ-silicon
Authors: Mehler Melanie , Weinert Nicolas , Aßmann Nicole , Herguth Axel , Hahn Giso , Geml Fabian
Published: February 2025

In this work, the long-term behavior of excess charge carrier lifetime in n-type FZ-Si wafers without presence of highly doped layers is investigated during illumination at elevated temperatures. Thereby, the influence of high-temperature processing steps such as short high temperature thermal treatment, often referred to as tabula rasa (TR), and phosphorus diffusion gettering is considered. Degradation of effective lifetime is observed as well as a very strong regeneration effect that significantly exceeds the initial effective lifetime value. The phosphorus gettering step appears to have no significant effect on the degradation and regeneration behavior. Samples subjected to a TR treatment show only bulk-related regeneration. Investigations in darkness showed that the bulk-related regeneration is carrier-induced and not necessarily light-induced. FT-IR measurements at 5 K showed that the samples with a TR step have a higher Oi concentration in the Si bulk and that the hydrogen-passivated vacancies (VH4) are dissolved. The regeneration behavior of the samples with a TR step could be correlated with a reduced vacancy concentration. Such a thermal processing step appears to offer a strong mitigation strategy.
Effect of Advection on the Modified Schnakenberg System
Authors: Hamidah Inas , Sutrima Sutrima
Published: February 2025

The Schnakenberg system is a mathematical model that describes the diffusive dynamics of chemical reactions and the formation of space-time patterns. In this paper, we discuss a modified Schnakenberg system including the effects of advection, i.e. reaction diffusion-advection (RDA) system. Stability analysis shows that advection can change the equilibrium state and trigger transitions to complex spatial patterns or oscillatory states. This research uses theoretical analysis methods and literature studies to analyze the impact of diffusion-advection reactions on the modified Schnakenberg system. In this system, only one equilibrium point $$(a + b,\,{{b + {{(a + b)}^3}} \over {c{{(a + b)}^2}}})$$ is found with the stability condition $$b - a < (1 + c){(a + b)^3}$$. The results also show that advection in the modified Schnakenberg system affects the steady-state stability and have practical implications for understanding bifurcation phenomena in chemical and biological systems.
Numerical Solutions of the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov Equation on the Abundance of Chlorophyll-a in the Ocean
Authors: Usman Tarmizi , Ikhwan Muhammad , Sari Amelia
Published: February 2025

Chlorophyll-a is a crucial parameter for enhancing primary productivity in the food chain, generated through photosynthesis, and plays a significant role in maintaining aquatic ecosystem balance. This study employs the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (Fisher-KPP) equation to analyze the dynamic patterns of chlorophyll-a abundance in the Strait of Malacca (SM). The Fisher-KPP equation is numerically solved using the finite difference method (FDM) with the Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme to produce solutions in the form of time series graphs. Time series graphs are effective in visualizing periodically measured or observed data over time. The objective of this study is to numerically simulate chlorophyll-a abundance in SM by varying boundary conditions represented as vectors. The simulation is divided into two cases, each using boundary conditions derived from minimum and average chlorophyll-a data values at latitude 4.0625 °N for u(0, t) and latitude 5.3125 °N for u(L, t). Results from both cases indicate that the distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a abundance in SM fluctuates and follows trends similar to observed data, with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.0831 mg/l and 0.5633 mg/l, respectively. The findings suggest that the Fisher-KPP equation with CN scheme effectively describes and reproduces data comparable to observational data.
Embedding from Discrete Morrey Spaces to Continuous Morrey Spaces
Authors: Runtunuwu Yohanes Imanuel , Gunawan Hendra
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present an embedding from discrete Morrey spaces to continuous Morrey Spaces which can be seen as a refinement of the result in [1]. We obtain the result by using a different norm on discrete Morrey spaces, which is equivalent to the existing norm.
Thin Layer Deposition of TiO2 and PMMA on Optical Micro or Nano Fibers for Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Lebrun Sylvie , Divay Laurent , Eustache Etienne , Bouhadida Maha , Larat Christian , Azzoune Abderrahim , Beugnot Jean-Charles
Published: February 2025

Over the last twenty years, silica optical tapered micro or nanofibers (called ONF in the following) have been widely exploited for a large range of potential applications in several areas of research for their original properties of light propagation. The high confinement of the optical mode in the uniform part and the presence of a strong evanescent field near the surface make them devices of choice for nonlinear applications. In this paper we study the coating of ONF with nonlinear materials to expand further the possibilities offered by these devices. Two materials are chosen for the coatings, Titanium Dioxyde (TiO2) and Polymethyl Metacrylate (PMMA). Two processes have been developed for the coatings. Firstly, Atomic Layer Deposition has enabled to deposit controlled thin layers of TiO2 of several tens of nm on an ONF having a diameter of 1 µm with very low additional losses (0.5 dB). Secondly, we have realized a multiple layer deposition process to deposit PMMA layers on ONF. With this technique we were able to reach thicknesses of about 100 nm on ONF diameters as small as 1 µm. The encapsulation of a coated tapered fiber in silicone has been conducted, resulting in minimal additional losses, showing great promises from such a treatment. These initial experimental proofs of concept open the way for further experiments in nonlinear optics using functionalized ONF. Potential applications include the development of Raman converters within the evanescent field of the optical propagating mode, as well as experiments that necessitate precise control of phase matching.
(Fully) well-balanced entropy stable Godunov numerical schemes for the shallow water equations.
Authors: Martaud ludovic , Berthon Christophe
Published: February 2025

This work concerns the design of well-balanced entropy stable numerical schemes for the shallow water equations. The fully discrete entropy inequality is reached by introducing a local entropy condition incorporated in the scheme design. The source term is discretized to preserve both steady states and entropy stability. The method yields explicit schemes which are relevantly illustrated with several test cases.
Advancing quality physical education in Europe: a scoping review on physical literacy and the bioecological model
Authors: Stioui Matthieu , Lefevre Lisa , Trio Christelle , Schnitzler Christophe
Published: February 2025

This scoping review aims to identify the impact of educational interventions on physical activity levels and physical literacy in Europe. Using the bioecological model, we analyzed the effectiveness of interventions in increasing engagement in physical activity and examined their impact on the dimensions of physical literacy. Our results show that 10 of the 12 selected articles focus on the microsystem (PE lessons) and/or the mesosystem (school-family relationship). The analysis highlights motivation as a predominant target, positively influencing physical and cognitive aspects. The remaining two articles were multilevel interventions, more fully utilizing all dimensions of the bioecological model, and were more successful in increasing weekly physical activity. However, their impact on physical literacy, which lays the foundation for a long-term active lifestyle, remains unclear. We recommend developing intervention research according to the UNESCO framework by creating multilevel and multi-stakeholder interventions to promote physical literacy in schools and establishing cohorts for long-term evaluations. This could improve PE teacher training by raising awareness of effective strategies to promote active lifestyles.
Transition to chaos of convective flows in a convectively heated cubic cavity
Authors: Rashid Md Harun , Xu Feng
Published: February 2025

The present study is aimed at the transition route of convective flows in a cubic cavity with convectively heated sidewalls. Three dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for a wide range of Rayleigh number (Ra) from 10° to 5 × 108 with air as the working fluid in the cavity (Pr = 0.71) but water (Pr = 7.74) as the working fluid in the water bathes for convective heating. The present study shows a complex transition route to chaos concerning a succession of bifurcations. The pitchfork bifurcation first occurs between Ra = 3.3 × 104 and Ra = 3.4 × 104 based on the topologic index in a steady flow state. Further, the second, third, and more pitchfork bifurcations in the steady flow state occur with the increase in the Rayleigh number. Numerical results show that convective flows are steady for Ra ≤ 3.9 × 107 but unsteady for Ra = 4 × 107; that is, Hopf bifurcation occurs between Ra = 3.9 × 107 and Ra = 4 × 107. If the Rayleigh number is further increased, convective flows undergo the transition from periodic to quasi-periodic flow state between Ra = 1.2 × 108 and Ra = 1.3 × 108. For higher Rayleigh numbers of, e.g., Ra = 4 × 108, convective flows become chaotic. In order to investigate typical convective flows in the transition to chaos, topologic point, power spectral density, maximum Lyapunov exponents, fractal dimension, and attractor are applied. In addition, heat transfer is quantified under different dominances and different scaling laws are obtained.
Optimization design and experiment of a double-suction centrifugal fan with flow physics analysis
Authors: Liu Ruifeng , Zhang Wei , Yang Hui , Wei Yikun
Published: February 2025

This work performed a multi-objective aerodynamic optimization on a double-suction centrifugal fan with multiple forward-curved blades used in ventilation. The baseline fan was modified from a mass-product model with single-arc blades. The backpropagation neural network was employed as the surrogate model. The fan's static pressure rise (Ps) and efficiency (ηs) are chosen as objectives and are optimized by the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The optimization performance was validated through simulation and experiment tests. At the design flow rate of 480 m3/h, the Ps and ηs are improved by 30.25 Pa (44.09%) and 5.70%, respectively, compared with the baseline model, and the improvement is notable at off-design flow rate conditions, as revealed by the experimental data. The choking flow rate increases from 931 m3/h of the baseline model to 1033 m3/h and 981 m3/h of the two optimized models. The following large-eddy simulation investigation indicates that for the optimized models, the recirculating vortices in the blade passages are notably diminished, and the velocity fluctuation is reduced; the velocity distribution gets uniform at the impeller outlet with significantly weakened reversed flow. A sensitivity analysis based on Sobol' indices demonstrates that the blade number significantly determines the fan performance, followed by the volute's pitch and the blade outlet installation angle.
Multi-fracture propagation and proppant transport analysis based on a non-planar three-dimensional fracturing model
Authors: Yang Peng , Zhang Shicheng , Zou Yushi , Ma Xinfang , Gao Budong , Wang Wenchao
Published: February 2025

An integrated non-planar three-dimensional (3D) fracture propagation and proppant transport model is developed, capable of simulating key physical behaviors in heterogeneous in situ stress fields, including fracture propagation, deflection, intersection, coalescence, and proppant transport, settling, and bridging. After validating the model reliability with true triaxial hydraulic fracturing laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of non-planar fracture propagation, the proposed model is employed to analyze the impact of in situ stress field heterogeneity on fracture initiation and propagation pressures, non-planar propagation paths, fracture width, and proppant concentration distribution. The simulation results indicate that the principal stress orientation determines the final propagation direction of hydraulic fractures, while the horizontal stress difference affects the curving length required for non-planar fracture reorientation. Stress interactions induced by multi-fracture propagations not only lead to uneven growth but also non-planar geometries, as hydraulic fractures preferentially propagate along the paths of minimal energy dissipation. Proppant distribution is primarily governed by fracture geometry and width, with proppant concentrated near the wellbore where fracture width is greater. Deflected in situ stress fields promote non-planar fracture propagation, as well as intersection and merging, with larger stress deviation angles accelerating fracture deflection and coalescence. The sudden width variations and slurry convergence at fracture intersecting points significantly raise proppant concentration, potentially leading to premature proppant screen-out. Inter-cluster stress heterogeneity affects the simultaneous initiation and propagation of multiple fractures, while inter-well stress heterogeneity induces asymmetric fracture geometries and proppant concentration distribution. In multi-well pad fracturing, the evolution of 3D pressure and stress fields caused by production or injection from parent wells can strongly influence the preferential growth paths of fractures in new wells.
Numerical study of the natural transition in hydrofoil boundary layers with superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Liu Bin , Feng Haibao , Yin Zhanchao , Zhang Xiao
Published: February 2025

The natural transition of the boundary layer on a hydrofoil with superhydrophobic surfaces is investigated using numerical methods. A novel calculation approach featuring the adapted vertical mesh of basic laminar flows on hydrofoils is proposed and validated against experimental velocity profiles. The eN method, corroborated by experimental data, is employed to predict the transition locations of the boundary layers. It is observed that the superhydrophobic surface stabilizes the boundary layer, thereby delaying the natural transition of the hydrofoil. As the slip length increases, this delay effect of the superhydrophobic surfaces on the transition becomes stronger. For superhydrophobic surfaces, it consistently occurs that the transition location on the suction side of a hydrofoil takes place further downstream than that on its pressure side, aligning with established principles regarding ordinary surfaces. As a new passive flow control strategy, different superhydrophobic surfaces applied to the suction side and pressure side can be utilized to achieve symmetrical transition characteristics on asymmetric hydrofoils. Furthermore, the transitional behaviors of a superhydrophobic surface only applied to one side are discussed. It is found that the presence of a superhydrophobic surface on one side introduces distinct influences on the transition behavior of the opposing side that lacks such a surface, which may be attributed to a downstream move in the stagnation point located on the pressure side.
Australian biogeography, climate-dependent diversification and phylogenomics of the spectacular Chamelaucieae tribe (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Nge Francis J. , Biffin Ed , Rye Barbara L. , Wilson Peter G. , van Dijk Kor-jent , Thiele Kevin R. , Waycott Michelle , Barrett Matthew D.
Published: February 2025

Chamelaucieae is a diverse tribe in Myrtaceae with ~800 species in 37 genera distributed across Australia. We applied target capture sequencing using the Angiosperms353 probe set for 131 taxa as part of the Genomics for Australian Plants initiative. Sampling all genera (36) from 10 of 11 named subtribes, we present a phylogenomic analysis for the tribe. This phylogenomic approach has allowed us to better resolve subtribal relationships across the tribe, resulting in an updated classification and additional subtribe (total of 12 subtribes including Triplarininae). Despite these advances, the phylogenetic placements of Stenostegiinae, Astarteinae, and Micromyrtinae remain equivocal and resolution of these relationships should be a focus of future research. We constructed a dated phylogeny from this genomic dataset to investigate the tribe’s biogeographic history and diversification dynamics. We estimate that the crown radiation occurred in the Eocene (c. 42 Ma), with the ancestral area of origin in Australia unresolved. Subsequent divergence and origin of subtribes mostly occurred in south-west Western Australia with frequent dispersals from there into the semi-arid and arid interior since the Miocene (20 Ma). Dispersals out of northern and eastern Australia were limited and confined to dispersal events into the arid interior. Using paleoenvironmental diversification models we show that after the initial radiation, diversification in Chamelaucieae declined rapidly until the Eocene–Oligocene boundary extinction pulse event and subsequently more slowly to the present, with a modest increase during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum. No significant diversification rate shifts were detected within clades except within the subtribe Chamelauciinae. There was no significant geographic-dependent diversification in the tribe. Our results add to the growing literature revealing that high plant diversity in south-west Western Australia is due to more time for species accumulation attributed to long-term climatic stability rather than elevated diversification rates.
Volumetric imaging of the 3D orientation of cellular structures with a polarized fluorescence light-sheet microscope
Authors: Chandler Talon , Guo Min , Su Yijun , Chen Jiji , Wu Yicong , Liu Junyu , Agashe Atharva , Fischer Robert S. , Mehta Shalin B. , Kumar Abhishek , Baskin Tobias I. , Jaumouillé Valentin , Liu Huafeng , Swaminathan Vinay , Nain Amrinder S. , Oldenbourg Rudolf , La Riviere Patrick J. , Shroff Hari
Published: February 2025

Polarized fluorescence microscopy is a valuable tool for measuring molecular orientations in biological samples, but techniques for recovering three-dimensional orientations and positions of fluorescent ensembles are limited. We report a polarized dual-view light-sheet system for determining the diffraction-limited three-dimensional distribution of the orientations and positions of ensembles of fluorescent dipoles that label biological structures. We share a set of visualization, histogram, and profiling tools for interpreting these positions and orientations. We model the distributions based on the polarization-dependent efficiency of excitation and detection of emitted fluorescence, using coarse-grained representations we call orientation distribution functions (ODFs). We apply ODFs to create physics-informed models of image formation with spatio-angular point-spread and transfer functions. We use theory and experiment to conclude that light-sheet tilting is a necessary part of our design for recovering all three-dimensional orientations. We use our system to extend known two-dimensional results to three dimensions in FM1-43-labeled giant unilamellar vesicles, fast-scarlet-labeled cellulose in xylem cells, and phalloidin-labeled actin in U2OS cells. Additionally, we observe phalloidin-labeled actin in mouse fibroblasts grown on grids of labeled nanowires and identify correlations between local actin alignment and global cell-scale orientation, indicating cellular coordination across length scales.
Identification of AK4 and RHOC as potential oncogenes addicted by adult T cell leukemia
Authors: Liu Benquan , Yasunaga Jun-ichirou , Liang Yi , Zhou Ruoning , Yang Sikai , Yuan Xiaoyi , Liu Jie , Zuo Xiaorui , Miura Michi , Higuchi Yusuke , Matsumoto Takashi , Toyoda Kosuke , Matsuoka Masao , Ma Guangyong
Published: February 2025

Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is a highly aggressive T cell malignancy characterized by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. ATL has a very poor prognosis and lacks satisfactory treatments; therefore, it is critical to identify potential targets in ATL cells in order to develop effective targeted therapeutics. Here, we report the identification of two oncogenes, AK4 and RHOC, as target genes of miR-455-3p, a tumor-suppressive microRNA in ATL patients. Importantly, AK4 and RHOC are highly expressed in ATL and exhibit oncogenic potentials in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal a functional overlap of AK4 and RHOC, including activating oncogenic pathways such as Myc targets and deregulating lipid metabolism such as enhancing the production of sphingomyelin, a tumor-promoting lipid. In particular, compared to other types of T cell malignancy such as T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), ATL is sensitive to sphingomyelin inhibition and AK4 or RHOC depletion. Altogether, we report a distinct dependency of ATL on AK4 and RHOC oncogenes and an oncometabolite sphingomyelin, which together represent targetable vulnerabilities of ATL that could be exploited for developing effective therapeutics.
The role of duoethnography in critical ELT research
Authors: Lowe Robert J.
Published: February 2025

Duoethnography is an approach to research often associated with critical projects; that is, with research which is focused on issues of
discrimination, prejudice, and social justice. In recent years, such research has often been aligned theoretically
with post structuralism, which resists theory building,
and instead aims to question and deconstruct dominant power relations. However, there has been a recent move in
critical ELT research towards forms of critique associated with Marxism, critical realism, and critical theory. Building on this structural (re)turn, this chapter
explores the role duoethnography could play in a research program oriented around the post-Marxist critical theory of
the early Frankfurt School. Drawing on a conception of critical theory as a form of self-reflexive social science
focused on ideology critique and emancipatory praxis, this chapter explores how the dialogic nature of duoethnography
could be reconstituted as an engine for theoretical development and consciousness raising. It is suggested that through processes of
immanent critique, duoethnography could be used to evaluate the internal coherence of claims within a critical program
of research in ELT, as well as identifying starting points for ideology critique. Finally, the accessibility of
duoethnographic work is presented as a possible route for transforming research into praxis.
Duoethnographic inquiry into translingualism and language teacher identity
Authors: Zheng Zhe (Zoey) , Lawrence Luke
Published: February 2025

Recent investigations into multilingualism and translanguaging by
language teachers have highlighted the importance of individual identity and social context in determining the scope
or ability to carry out translingual practices and enact
preferred identities (Nagashima & Lawrence, 2020).
In this chapter we take up the call issued by Lee and Canagarajah (2019) to examine the ways in which “contradicting ideologies about language and language teaching and their experience of
power, privilege, marginalization or other lived experiences and identities interplay in enacting translingual
dispositions” (p. 361). We do this by adopting a two-stage duoethnographic approach to explore the experiences of two
multilingual migrant English teachers; one a
“non-native speaker” teaching in the “native” English environment of the UK, and the other a “native speaker” teaching
in the “non-native” environment of Japan. The study reveals that monolingualism and native-speakerism in
the local communities have heavily influenced our willingness to claim a bilingual identity, preventing us from
adopting a translingual disposition. It also puts constraints on our autonomy in professional identity negotiation and
results in us de-emphasising or concealing our national origins. However, our stories also show that teachers’ small
acts of resistance can afford them the possibility to challenge existing ideologies.
Algorithm for computing time correlation functions in non-stationary complex dynamic systems
Authors: Zhang Jiu , Jin Lifu , Zheng Bo , Jiang Xiongfei , Chen Tingting , Xu Cong , Hu Yanqing
Published: February 2025

For non-stationary complex dynamic systems, a standardized algorithm is developed to compute time correlation functions, addressing the limitations of traditional methods reliant on the stationary assumption. The proposed algorithm integrates two-point and multi-point time correlation functions into a unified framework. Further, it is verified by a practical application in complex financial systems, demonstrating its potential in various complex dynamic systems.
High-dimensional learning of narrow neural networks
Authors: Cui Hugo
Published: February 2025

Recent years have been marked with the fast-pace diversification and increasing ubiquity of machine learning (ML) applications. Yet, a firm theoretical understanding of the surprising efficiency of neural networks (NNs) to learn from high-dimensional data still proves largely elusive. In this endeavour, analyses inspired by statistical physics have proven instrumental, enabling the tight asymptotic characterization of the learning of NNs in high dimensions, for a broad class of solvable models. This manuscript reviews the tools and ideas underlying recent progress in this line of work. We introduce a generic model—the sequence multi-index model, which encompasses numerous previously studied models as special instances. This unified framework covers a broad class of ML architectures with a finite number of hidden units—including multi-layer perceptrons, autoencoders, attention mechanisms, and tasks –(un)supervised learning, denoising, contrastive learning, in the limit of large data dimension, and comparably large number of samples. We explicate in full detail the analysis of the learning of sequence multi-index models, using statistical physics techniques such as the replica method and approximate message-passing algorithms. This manuscript thus provides a unified presentation of analyses reported in several previous works, and a detailed overview of central techniques in the field of statistical physics of ML. This review should be a useful primer for ML theoreticians curious of statistical physics approaches; it should also be of value to statistical physicists interested in the transfer of such ideas to the study of NNs.
Teachers’ and students’ views on physics textbooks
Authors: Fürstová Tereza
Published: February 2025

This contribution describes a literature search focused on getting feedback from students and teachers on science textbooks. A literature search was conducted to answer two questions: (1) How are teachers’ and students’ opinions on science textbooks collected in various international contexts? and (2) What specific criteria should a good science textbook meet? The search revealed the most commonly used methods for obtaining students’ and teachers’ opinions on textbooks, which were questionnaires and eye-tracking. Moreover, several textbook analysis tools were found. These methods and tools are described in more detail in this paper. Based on the results of the literature search, a new textbook evaluation tool for students and teachers will be developed. This tool will be used to get feedback on a new upper secondary school physics textbook, which is being developed at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague. The development process of the evaluation tool is outlined at the conclusion of this study.
Critical Reading in Physics Lessons
Authors: Velmovská Klára
Published: February 2025

We are surrounded by a lot of information and some of it is not based on truth. We should develop pupils’ critical reading skills during physics classes. The contribution presents activity which consists of reading two articles and answering prepared questions. The tool to evaluate the answers was designed. The results of evaluation suggest that teachers need to devote much more attention to the development of critical reading skills and systematically develop it during school attendance. Pupils’ level of critical reading is not sufficient, and it seems to be problematic for them to obtain these skills. The results of this survey suggest that pupils experienced major difficulties with drawing evidence-based conclusions based on evidence. Their conclusions were not supported by scientific evidence nor other arguments. Pupils experienced difficulties to formulate a scientific question. Comparing two articles, they experienced more difficulties to identify the writer’s assumptions and viewpoints in the article The Feeling of Warmth. They often claimed that the author was not stating his point of view, but merely “explaining”. Teachers received a very positive feedback for this activity and expressed interest in implementing similar activities in the future.
Using Jupyter Notebooks to foster computational skills and professional practice in an introductory physics lab course
Authors: Tufino Eugenio , Oss Stefano , Alemani Micol
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we detail the integration of Python data analysis into a first-year physics laboratory course, a task accomplished without significant a lterations to the existing course structure. We introduced tailored laboratory computational learning goals and designed activities to address them. We emphasise the development and application of Jupyter Notebooks, tailored with exercises and physics application examples, to facilitate students’ mastery of data analysis programming within the laboratory setting. These Notebooks serve as a crucial tool in guiding students through the core principles of data handling and analysis in Python, while working on simple experimental tasks. The results of the evaluation of this intervention offer insights into the advantages and challenges associated with early integration of computational skills in laboratory courses, providing valuable information for educators in the field of physics e ducation. This study demonstrates a practical and effective way of embedding computational skills into the physics curriculum, and contributes to the ongoing efforts of the physics education research community.
Computing the spectrum and pseudospectrum of infinite-volume operators from local patches
Authors: Hege Paul , Moscolari Massimo , Teufel Stefan
Published: February 2025

We show how the spectrum of normal discrete short-range infinite-volume operators can be approximated with two-sided error control using only data from finite-sized local patches. As a corollary, we prove the computability of the spectrum of such infinite-volume operators with the additional property of finite local complexity and provide an explicit algorithm. Such operators appear in many applications, e.g. as discretizations of differential operators on unbounded domains or as so-called tight-binding Hamiltonians in solid state physics. For a large class of such operators, our result allows for the first time to establish computationally also the absence of spectrum, i.e. the existence and the size of spectral gaps. We extend our results to the

ε
\varepsilon

-pseudospectrum of non-normal operators, proving that also the pseudospectrum of such operators is computable.
Areas of Incorporation of International Law: War and Humanitarian Law
Authors: Broyde Michael J , Elazar-De Mota Yehonatan
Published: February 2025

This chapter focuses on the incorporation of international law into Jewish legal frameworks concerning warfare and humanitarian law. It explores how Jewish law has historically governed conduct during warfare, emphasizing ethical considerations such as the protection of civilians and the treatment of captives—principles that align closely with modern international humanitarian law. Through the lens of biblical, Talmudic, and rabbinic rulings, the chapter examines Jewish law’s deep concern for justice and human dignity in wartime, paralleling international legal frameworks such as the Geneva Conventions. The chapter ultimately argues that Jewish law provides a longstanding ethical foundation for issues of war and peace, often anticipating modern international norms.
Areas of Incorporation of International Law: Copyright Law
Authors: Broyde Michael J , Elazar-De Mota Yehonatan
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines the intersection of Jewish law with modern international copyright law, focusing on the evolution of Jewish legal thought regarding intellectual property rights. While traditional Jewish law emphasized the communal sharing of knowledge, modern adaptations have increasingly recognized the need to protect authorship and intellectual property. The chapter explores how rabbinic authorities have adapted to international copyright standards while balancing Jewish values of communal benefit and the ethical dissemination of knowledge. It offers a detailed analysis of how Jewish law’s ethical imperatives shape its contemporary approach to intellectual property, ensuring that the protection of creative works aligns with communal needs and religious ethics.
Biological signatures in the Alzheimer’s continuum discriminate between diagnosis-related and -unrelated associations to ATN categories
Authors: Alanko Vilma , Mravinacová Sára , Hall Anette , Hagman Göran , Mohanty Rosaleena , Westman Eric , Nilsson Peter , Kivipelto Miia , Månberg Anna , Matton Anna
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias have a multifactorial aetiology and heterogeneous biology. The current study aims to identify different biological signatures in a deeply phenotyped memory clinic patient population.

In this cross-sectional study, we analysed 49 pre-specified proteins using a multiplex antibody-based suspension bead array in 278 CSF samples from the real-world, research database and biobank at the Karolinska University Hospital Memory Clinic, Solna, Sweden. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of subjective cognitive decline (N = 151), mild cognitive impairment (N = 61), Alzheimer’s disease (N = 47), or other diagnoses (N = 19; vascular dementias, alcohol-related dementia, unspecified dementias, or other amnesias) were included. Principal component analyses were performed and resulting principal components (PCs) were tested for associations with clinical variables and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers (CSF biomarkers beta-amyloid 42, beta-amyloid 42/40, phosphorylated tau 181, phosphorylated tau 181/beta-amyloid 42).

PC 1 (explaining 52% of the variance between patients) was associated with the clinical Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers beta-amyloid 42, phosphorylated tau 181, and total tau but not with Alzheimer’s disease-related neurodegeneration imaging markers, cognitive performance, or clinical diagnosis. PC 2 (explaining 9% of the variance) displayed an inflammatory profile with high contributions of chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and significant correlation to CSF free light chain kappa. In contrast to PC 1, PC 3 (explaining 5% of the variance) showed associations with all the clinical Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers, the imaging markers, cognitive impairment, and clinical diagnosis. Serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3), chitinase 1 (CHIT1), and neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) contributed most to PC 3. PC 4 (explaining 4% of the variance) exhibited an inflammatory profile distinct from PC 2, with the largest contributions from TREM2, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), and complement C9. The component was associated with peripheral inflammation.

We found that CSF protein profiles in a memory clinic cohort reflect molecular differences across diagnostic groups. Our results emphasise that real-world memory clinic patients can have different ongoing biological processes despite receiving the same diagnosis. In the future, this information could be utilised to identify patient endotypes and uncover precision biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
Use of rituximab and plasma exchange in treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent FSGS
Authors: Gharaei Sophie , Gharaei Julia , Ragy Omar , Kanigicherla Durga A K
Published: February 2025

Background

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome and renal failure, requiring transplantation. However, FSGS can often recur after transplantation resulting in graft failure. The most used therapeutic intervention for rFSGS is plasma exchange (PE), with variable success. Recently, rituximab (RTX) has found increasing use in both treatment and prevention of recurrent FSGS (rFSGS).

Methods

We undertook a systematic review of therapeutic ± preventative plasma exchange, rituximab or a combination of both for rFSGS. Studies published between 2017 and 2024 were included, to reflect the most contemporary clinical practice.

Results

27 studies with a total of 475 patients received treatment for recurrence post-transplantation and/or for prevention of rFSGS. 156/221 patients (71%) who received plasma exchange on its own as therapy achieved either complete or partial remission. Rituximab alone was used in only 4 patients (75% remission rate), while 67% achieved remission with a combination of both. 142 patients received pre/peri-transplantation treatment to prevent recurrence in the graft. 51 patients (36%) experienced recurrence despite prophylaxis. Recurrence rates were 35% with PE alone and 38% with RTX alone.

Conclusion

We conclude that rituximab did not add significant benefit to plasma exchange when used as initial therapeutic intervention in post-transplant recurrent FSGS. The modest benefit of prophylactic therapies highlights the need for risk stratification to identify patients most likely to benefit from such interventions. Larger prospective studies with standardised approaches to treatment are essential in improving outcomes in rFSGS.