bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Newly Synthesized 4-[(Butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglia
Authors: Jo Guk-Heui , Choi Il-Whan , Jeong Jin-Woo , Kim Gi-Young , Kim Jinwoo , Suh Hongsuk , Ryu Chung-Ho , Kim Wun-Jae , Choi Yung
Published: October 2014

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of newly synthesized 4-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]-1,2-benzenediol (SMBD) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia and the subsequent signaling events. Following stimulation with LPS, elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was detected in BV2 cells; however, SMBD pretreatment inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 through suppressing gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively, at non-toxic concentrations. LPS-stimulated gene expression and production of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also significantly reduced by SMBD. The anti-inflammatory effects of SMBD were associated with suppression of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream effector. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that SMBD down-regulates inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB through interference with the activation of MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that SMBD may have potential to be developed into an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
Photocatalytic Solar Tower Reactor for the Elimination of a Low Concentration of VOCs
Authors: Negishi Nobuaki , Sano Taizo
Published: October 2014

We developed a photocatalytic solar tower reactor for the elimination of low concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) typically emitted from small industrial establishments. The photocatalytic system can be installed in a narrow space, as the reactor is cylindrical-shaped. The photocatalytic reactor was placed vertically in the center of a cylindrical scattering mirror, and this vertical reactor was irradiated with scattered sunlight generated by the scattering mirror. About 5 ppm toluene vapor, used as representative VOC, was continuously photodegraded and converted to CO2 almost stoichiometrically under sunny conditions. Toluene removal depended only on the intensity of sunlight. The performance of the solar tower reactor did not decrease with half a year of operation, and the average toluene removal was 36% within this period.
Influence of Sulfur Fumigation on the Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Buds of Lonicera japonica
Authors: Guo Ai-Li , Chen Liang-Mian , Wang Yan-Min , Liu Xiao-Qian , Zhang Qi-Wei , Gao Hui-Min , Wang Zhi-Min , Xiao Wei , Wang Zhen-Zhong
Published: October 2014

Lonicera japonica flos is widely used as a pharmaceutical resource and a commonly-employed ingredient in healthy food, soft beverages and cosmetics in China. Sometimes, sulfur fumigation is used during post-harvest handling. In this study, a comprehensive comparison of the chemical profile between sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated samples was conducted by HPLC fingerprints and simultaneous quantification of nine constituents, including secologanic acid, along with another eight usually-analyzed markers. Secologanic acid was destroyed, and its sulfonates were generated, whereas caffeoylquinic acids were protected from being oxidized. The residual sulfur dioxide in sulfur-fumigated samples was significantly higher than that in sun-dried samples, which might increase the potential incidence of toxicity to humans. Meanwhile, compared with sun-dried samples, sulfur-fumigated samples have significantly stronger antioxidant activity, which could be attributed to the joint effect of protected phenolic acids and flavonoids, as well as newly-generated iridoid sulfonates.
Anti-Obesity Effects of Hispidin and Alpinia zerumbet Bioactives in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Tu Pham , Tawata Shinkichi
Published: October 2014

Obesity and its related disorders have become leading metabolic diseases. In the present study, we used 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate the anti-obesity activity of hispidin and two related compounds that were isolated from Alpinia zerumbet (alpinia) rhizomes. The results showed that hispidin, dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain (DDK), and 5,6-dehydrokawain (DK) have promising anti-obesity properties. In particular, all three compounds significantly increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations by 81.2% ± 0.06%, 67.0% ± 1.62%, and 56.9% ± 0.19%, respectively. Hispidin also stimulated glycerol release by 276.4% ± 0.8% and inhibited lipid accumulation by 47.8% ± 0.16%. Hispidin and DDK decreased intracellular triglyceride content by 79.5% ± 1.37% and 70.2% ± 1.4%, respectively, and all three compounds inhibited glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and pancreatic lipase, with hispidin and DDK being the most potent inhibitors. Finally, none of the three compounds reduced 3T3-L1 adipocyte viability. These results highlight the potential for developing hispidin and its derivatives as anti-obesity compounds.
Temperature and Magnetic Field Driven Modifications in the I-V Features of Gold-DNA-Gold Structure
Authors: Khatir Nadia , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Banihashemian Seyedeh
Published: October 2014

The fabrication of Metal-DNA-Metal (MDM) structure-based high sensitivity sensors from DNA micro-and nanoarray strands is a key issue in their development. The tunable semiconducting response of DNA in the presence of external electromagnetic and thermal fields is a gift for molecular electronics. The impact of temperatures (25–55 °C) and magnetic fields (0–1200 mT) on the current-voltage (I-V) features of Au-DNA-Au (GDG) structures with an optimum gap of 10 μm is reported. The I-V characteristics acquired in the presence and absence of magnetic fields demonstrated the semiconducting diode nature of DNA in GDG structures with high temperature sensitivity. The saturation current in the absence of magnetic field was found to increase sharply with the increase of temperature up to 45 °C and decrease rapidly thereafter. This increase was attributed to the temperature-assisted conversion of double bonds into single bond in DNA structures. Furthermore, the potential barrier height and Richardson constant for all the structures increased steadily with the increase of external magnetic field irrespective of temperature variations. Our observation on magnetic field and temperature sensitivity of I-V response in GDG sandwiches may contribute towards the development of DNA-based magnetic sensors.
Linking Spatial Patterns of Groundwater Table Dynamics and Streamflow Generation Processes in a Small Developed Catchment
Authors: Orlowski Natalie , Lauer Florian , Kraft Philipp , Frede Hans-Georg , Breuer Lutz
Published: October 2014

Knowledge about water flow paths is essential for understanding biogeochemical fluxes in developed agricultural landscapes, i.e., the input of nutrients into surface waters, soil erosion, or pesticide fate. Several methods are available to study rainfall-runoff processes and flux partitioning: hydrometric based approaches, chemical tracers, modeling, and stable isotope applications. In this study a multi-method approach was conducted to gain insights into the hydrological fluxes and process understanding within the complex anthropogenic-influenced catchment of the Vollnkirchener Bach, Germany. Our results indicate that the catchment responds differently to precipitation input signals and dominant runoff-generation processes change throughout the year. Rainfall-induced runoff events during dry periods are characterized by a temporarily active combined sewer overflow. During stormflow, a large contribution of fast event water is observed. At low flow conditions losing and gaining conditions occur in parallel. However, when catchment’s moisture conditions are high, an ephemeral source from clay shale-graywacke dominated forested sites becomes active. The study reveals that the collection of detailed distributed hydrometric data combined with isotopic tracers, provides fundamental information on the complex catchment behavior, which can finally be utilized for conceptualizing water fluxes at a small catchment scale.
Preoperative Hepatocyte Transplantation Improves the Survival of Rats with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Cirrhosis after Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Nakamura Yukio , Mizuguchi Toru , Tanimizu Naoki , Ichinohe Norihisa , Ooe Hidekazu , Kawamoto Masaki , Meguro Makoto , Hirata Koichi , Mitaka Toshihiro
Published: October 2014

Liver failure after liver resection for cirrhosis is a critical problem, and no effective therapy except liver transplantation is currently available. The objective of this study was to examine whether hepatocyte transplantation (HT) reduces the poststandard liver resection mortality rate of rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cirrhosis. Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with NASH-related cirrhosis has become increasingly common. We developed a rat model of acute liver failure after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) for NASH-related cirrhosis. The mechanism by which HT improved the survival of the model rats was examined in short- and long-term investigations. Female DPPIV- recipient F344 rats were fed the choline-deficient l-amino acid (CDAA)-defined diet for 12 weeks. Some of the rats were transplanted with male F344 DPPIV+ rat hepatocytes 24 h before undergoing PH. The overall post-PH survival of each group was evaluated, and short- and long-term pathological and molecular biological evaluations were also performed. Overall survival was significantly longer in the HT group than the non-HT group (7-day survival rates: 46.7% and 7.7%, respectively). Compared with the recipient livers of the non-HT group, numerous Ki-67+ hepatocytes and few TUNEL+ hepatocytes were observed in the livers of the HT group. At 6 months after the HT, the DPPIV+ hepatocytes had partially replaced the recipient liver and formed hepatocyte clusters in the spleen. Preoperative HT might improve the survival of rats with NASH-related cirrhosis after PH by preventing the host hepatocytes from accelerating their growth and falling into apoptosis.
Fulvestrant-Mediated Inhibition of Estrogen Receptor Signaling Slows Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Tang Hexiao , Liao Yongde , Zhang Chao , Chen Guang , Xu Liqiang , Liu Zhaoguo , Fu Shengling , Yu Li , Zhou Sheng
Published: October 2014

Estrogens are key signaling molecules that regulate various physiological processes such as cell growth, development, and differentiation. They also play a major role in many pathological conditions, such as hormone-dependent cancer. The importance of inhibiting estrogen receptor signaling
in diseases of estrogen target tissues, such as breast cancer, is well documented. However, the role of estrogen signaling in diseases of nontarget tissues, such as lung cancer, is not well characterized. The aim of the current study is to examine the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and
the roles of estradiol (E2) and fulvestrant on the progression of lung cancer. Tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were used to detect the expression of aromatase, ER, and ER in 198 patients. We performed analyses to determine if there was any correlation among
these three proteins. A mouse model of urethane-induced lung adenocarcinoma was used in the study. Mice were divided into three treatment groups: blank control, E2 alone, and E2 + fulvestrant (ER antagonist). Western blot analysis and fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) were used to measure
expression of ER protein and mRNA levels, respectively. ER, but not ER, was overexpressed in NSCLC samples. Lung cancer progression in mice treated with E2 was significantly increased compared to either the control group or the E2 + fulvestrant group. Mice in the E2 treatment group had significantly
increased expression of ER at both the mRNA and protein levels compared to mice treated with E2 + fulvestrant or control. Our data suggest that ER promotes lung cancer progression in mice and that this progression can be inhibited with fulvestrant. These findings may help elucidate the role
of ER in lung cancer and suggest that estrogen receptor antagonists, such as fulvestrant, may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of the disease.
Knockdown of Tripartite Motif Containing 24 by Lentivirus Suppresses Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Zhu Jinhui , Dong Mingjun , Yu Hua , Dai Xiaoyu , Li Keqiang
Published: October 2014

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common cancers in men and women, and it accounts for a large proportion of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a novel class of single protein RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, which have been shown to be involved
in many cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of TRIM24 in human colorectal cancer. By using a lentivirus-mediated RNA interference system, we first explored the effect of TRIM24 knockdown on HCT116 cell proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, flow cytometry
analysis was used to examine its effects on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Our data showed that knockdown of TRIM24 expression in HCT116 cells significantly decreased cell growth due to the induction of apoptosis. Hence, the present study provides evidence that TRIM24 functions as
an oncogene in colorectal carcinogenesis.
EpithelialMesenchymal Transition Contributes to Docetaxel Resistance in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shen Weiwei , Pang Hailin , Liu Jiayu , Zhou Jing , Zhang Feng , Liu Lele , Ma Ningqiang , Zhang Ning , Zhang Helong , Liu Lili
Published: October 2014

Lung cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy has always been the principal treatment measure, but its acquired resistance becomes a critical problem. In the current study, we established a new docetaxel-resistant human non-small lung cancer
(NSCLC) cell line A549/Docetaxel. The resistance index (RI) of A549/Docetaxel cells and A549 induced by TGF- to docetaxel were 8.91 and 11.5, respectively. Compared to the parental A549 cells, the multiplication time of A549/Docetaxel was prolonged, the proportion of the cell cycle in the
S phase decreased while that in the G1 phase increased, and apoptotic rate was much lower. The morphology of the resistant cells eventuated epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), which was confirmed by the higher expression of fibronectin, vimentin (mesenchymal markers), and lower
expression of E-cadherin (epithelial marker) at mRNA and proteins levels. Furthermore, the representative markers for docetaxel resistance were examined, including ABCB1 (MDR1), Bcl-2, Bax, and tubulin, to figure out the mechanisms of the resistance of A549/Docetaxel. In summary, we have established
a typical docetaxel-resistant human NSCLC cell line A549/Docetaxel, and it was suggested that the multidrug resistance of A549/Docetaxel was related to EMT.
Phosphinocyclodextrins as confining units for catalytic metal centres. Applications to carbon–carbon bond forming reactions
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Gramage-Doria Rafael , Sémeril David , Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique , Oberhauser Werner , Toupet Loïc
Published: October 2014

The capacity of two cavity-shaped ligands, HUGPHOS-1 and HUGPHOS-2, to generate exclusively singly phosphorus-ligated complexes, in which the cyclodextrin cavity tightly wraps around the metal centre, was explored with a number of late transition metal cations. Both cyclodextrin-derived ligands were assessed in palladium-catalysed Mizoroki–Heck coupling reactions between aryl bromides and styrene on one hand, and the rhodium-catalysed asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene on the other hand. The inability of both chiral ligands to form standard bis(phosphine) complexes under catalytic conditions was established by high-pressure NMR studies and shown to have a deep impact on the two carbon–carbon bond forming reactions both in terms of activity and selectivity. For example, when used as ligands in the rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation of styrene, they lead to both high isoselectivity and high enantioselectivity. In the study dealing with the Mizoroki–Heck reactions, comparative tests were carried out with WIDEPHOS, a diphosphine analogue of HUGPHOS-2.
Achoppement des processus de liaison à l'adolescence et paradoxes culturels
Authors: Alecian Patrick , Royer Anne-Marie , Jousselme Catherine
Published: October 2014

Notre expérience au sein de Maisons des adolescents (MDA) permet de penser une théorie de la pratique, sur site pluridisciplinaire. Celle-ci désignée par le « prendre soin », décline différents paradoxes, compris comme des risques d’achoppements, dont les administrations, les services et les professionnels doivent pourtant se saisir pour aider les adolescents les plus en difficultés.
Les roses noires : fabriquer une langue pour créer un espace intermédiaire ? Plurilinguisme et identités en construction à l'adolescence
Authors: Pestre Élise
Published: October 2014

Le documentaire Les roses noires met subtilement en scène les rapports complexes d’adolescentes, issues des « quartiers nord » des grandes métropoles, à leur langue, et à leur sexe. Si cette langue provocatrice agit parfois comme un facteur d’évincement social, elle a également le pouvoir de renforcer le lien entre pairs et de permettre au sujet de composer avec ses identités plurielles. À l’intersection de la différence des sexes, des âges de la vie et des territoires divers – culturels, psychiques et politiques –, l’usage de cette langue métissée ouvre à la création d’un espace intermédiaire, situé entre les langues et entre les lieux.
Les apports du cinéma à une (géo-)graphie des frontières mobiles et des migrations frontalières
Authors: Mekdjian Sarah
Published: October 2014

Les frontières sont irréductibles à des tracés géopolitiques linéaires. Leurs fonctions de barrière ou d’interface se diffusent dans l’espace et dans le temps, en fonction des politiques étatiques, de l’intensité et de la diversité des flux migratoires qui s’y déploient. Nous proposons d’appréhender les frontières depuis les déplacements et les migrations qu’elles génèrent, c’est-à-dire depuis leur dynamique. Art du temps et du mouvement, le cinéma peut-il contribuer aux réflexions géographiques sur les déplacements frontaliers et la frontière mobile, en tant qu’étendue instable, constituée « chemin faisant » ? En quoi le cinéma de fiction peut-il participer à l’élaboration d’un projet scientifique géographique ? Les caractéristiques des images cinématographiques ouvrent-elles des perspectives pour la figuration des frontières mobiles en géographie ?
Quelques jalons pour une géographie de l'économie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Bioteau Emmanuel , Fleuret Sébastien
Published: October 2014

On prête à l’ESS plusieurs vertus qui renvoient à des thèmes travaillés par la géographie : gouvernance et développement local, territorialisation et ancrage, proximités. Or, la géographie s’est finalement assez peu penchée sur cet objet de recherche. Ce texte dresse un état des savoirs et propose quelques pistes d’investigation pour une géographie de l’économie sociale et solidaire : premièrement une démarche de dénombrement, classification et cartographie, deuxièmement une construction interdisciplinaire à la rencontre de l’économie, de la sociologie et des sciences politiques, troisièmement une nouvelle lecture des jeux d’échelles entre le local et le global, et enfin une relecture de la notion de durabilité incluant la durabilité économique et sociale. Le texte suggère notamment l’analyse des modèles territoriaux d’ESS dans le contexte du tournant néolibéral, et la lecture des jeux d’acteurs sur le terrain, entre promotion d’activités sociales et solidaires et action publique.
Le hip-hop ball américain, une culture adolescente du basket en banlieue parisienne
Authors: Sudre David
Published: October 2014

L’article vise à analyser la construction identitaire de jeunes basketteurs de banlieue parisienne fortement influencés par l’univers du basket afro-américain. Dans un premier temps, il étudie comment et pourquoi ces jeunes s’approprient les normes et les valeurs véhiculées par les stars noires américaines du basket. Puis, dans un second temps, il démontre que cette culture américaine, dans le basket francilien, est avant tout une culture adolescente qui se développe avec le groupe de pairs et qui tend à disparaître à la fin de l’adolescence.
La traduction arabo-latine par Hermann l'Allemand d'un passage perdu de la version arabe de la Rhétorique d'Aristote
Authors: Woerther Frédérique
Published: October 2014

Cet article présente l’édition et la traduction française d’un passage de la traduction arabe de la Rhétorique d’Aristote ( Rhét. III 11, 1412 a 16 - III 14, 1415 a 5), perdu dans l’original arabe mais conservé dans la traduction arabo-latine réalisée par Hermann l’Allemand. Édité à partir des deux seuls témoins disponibles connus, ce passage permettra de se rapprocher de la version arabe commentée par Averroès dans son Commentaire moyen à la Rhétorique et de reconstituer la copie arabe à partir de laquelle Hermann a réalisé sa traduction.
L'accès à l'eau entre inégalités urbaines et contraintes techniques
Authors: de Bercegol Rémi , Gowda Shankare
Published: October 2014

À travers l’exemple du service d’eau potable en Inde, on souhaite s’interroger sur le processus de décentralisation qui a caractérisé la fin du XXe siècle dans le monde entier et sur une réalité urbaine trop négligée par la recherche et les pouvoirs publics, celle des petites villes. Cet échelon s’avère fondamental dans la mesure où il concentre l’essentiel de l’urbanisation à venir, entre exode rural et métropolisation. L’analyse montre que la décentralisation du service est difficile à mettre en place dans des petites municipalités dont les capacités humaines, techniques et financières restent trop faibles pour la prendre en charge, et dont la spécificité n’est pas prise en compte par les politiques hydriques. À partir du cas de quatre petites villes de l’Uttar Pradesh, l’enquête montre que l’écart social entre ingénieurs régionaux et plombiers locaux, ainsi que les contraintes propres à l’implantation du système technique, contribuent à expliquer les difficultés du service décentralisé.
De la protection de l'emploi à la protection des transitions professionnelles : les changements de paradigmes du droit du travail
Authors: Kerbourc’h Jean-Yves
Published: October 2014

Les trente dernières années du XX e siècle ont été marquées par une très forte inflation des règles du droit du travail visant à protéger l’emploi. Ces règles encadrent notamment le licenciement et tentent d’endiguer le recours aux contrats précaires. Mais on s’aperçoit aujourd’hui qu’il n’existe pas de rapport mécanique entre les objectifs poursuivis (protéger l’emploi), leur traduction législative et les résultats produits qui sont décevants. Prenant acte de son impuissance le législateur entend désormais changer de paradigme en concentrant ses efforts sur la protection des transitions professionnelles. Toutefois les lois les plus récentes qui s’inscrivent dans cette perspective connaissent de nombreux déboires, et pour l’instant il ne semble pas évident que la prospection sur ces nouvelles terres donne plus de résultats que ceux obtenus sur les anciennes.
Quand la ville fait monde...
Authors: Cambier Alain
Published: October 2014

La ville est apparue comme l’illustration par excellence de l’instauration d’un monde humain. Mais en perdant ses murs, la mégapole tentaculaire aurait rendu ses habitants orphelins de la cité. Au point de voir en elle la ville se défaire... L’expansion de l’urbain n’est-elle pas alors l’occasion de faire entendre l’exigence d’une redéfinition de la citoyenneté, prenant en compte l’être-au-monde des citadins ? À condition toutefois que les artefacts de la mégapole offrent suffisamment de dimension symbolique pour que les usagers puissent se la réapproprier et s’y retrouver. Car quand elle fait signe, la ville contemporaine favorise notre « aptitude au monde » et déploie des horizons plutôt que des frontières.
Cognition, perception et mondiation
Authors: Descola Philippe
Published: October 2014

Dans le dernier numéro de 2010 de l’ Interdisciplinary Science Reviews intitulé « Histoire et nature humaine », Brad Inwood et Willard McCarty, rédacteurs en chef, ont invité le professeur G.E.R Lloyd, à écrire un article sur le débat entre universalistes et relativistes, reprenant les thèses de son récent livre Cognitive Variations (Oxford University Press, 2007). À cet article répondent des spécialistes de diverses disciplines. Nous publions ici la réponse de deux anthropologues : Philippe Descola et Eduardo Viveiros de Castro.
Proposition d'un modèle d'espaces favorables aux habiletés stratégiques
Authors: Grenier Corinne
Published: October 2014

De nombreuses contraintes économiques et réglementaires ainsi qu’un isomorphisme institutionnel prégnant configurent le champ de la santé, laissant considérer que les marges stratégiques des acteurs y sont faibles. Au contraire, nous nous proposons de repenser ces marges en termes de construction d’habiletés stratégiques, de manière nuancée, en récusant une dualité entre d’une part le « tout régulé par les politiques » et d’autre part un discours de certains professionnels du « laisser-nous faire ». Pour ce faire, nous dégageons des 5 articles qui constituent ce numéro thématique un ensemble de concepts qui offre un renouveau théorique, car ayant tous la particularité de dépasser les termes de la dualité qu’ils questionnent, et dès lors de redonner une certaine épaisseur à notre manière d’instruire ces dualités, permettant de repérer et d’embrasser les multiples complexités qui traversent le champ de la santé. Nous nous inspirons alors des travaux de Dougherty et Dunne (2010) pour proposer un modèle théorique des espaces favorables aux habiletés stratégiques des acteurs et organisations du champ de la santé. A travers un tel espace, nous invitons à reconsidérer la dimension éminemment collective de la refonte du champ de la santé ; non pas uniquement parce que cette refonte doit reposer sur davantage de coordination, mais surtout parce que cette refonte ne peut être conçue et mise en œuvre que de manière collective.
Une organisation d'action sociale et médico-sociale face aux injonctions des pouvoirs publics : le cas de l'ACSEA de 1982 à 2010. Une approche par l'étude des règles
Authors: Joffre Clémence
Published: October 2014

Cet article analyse les interactions entre une organisation du secteur social et médico-social et les injonctions des pouvoirs publics. A l’aide de l’étude d’un corpus théorique traitant de la dynamique des règles et d’une étude de cas unique, nous montrons de quelle manière une association œuvrant dans le secteur social et médico-social a utilisé, voire même anticipé, les injonctions des pouvoirs publics, en faisant évoluer constamment son organisation par la mise en place de règles organisationnelles.
Pour une décision médicale équilibrée
Authors: Degos Vincent
Published: October 2014

Prendre en conscience la meilleure décision possible pour son malade exige aujourd’hui du médecin qu’il sache préserver l’équilibre entre trois pôles : l’utilisation optimale des connaissances à travers des protocoles solides et constamment améliorés ; le maintien d’une certaine liberté de choix dans une situation toujours particulière ; la concertation en équipe, chaque fois qu’elle est possible.
3D Computational Simulation of Calcium Leaching in Cement Matrices
Authors: Gaitero J. J. , Dolado J. S. , Neuen C. , Heber F. , Koenders E. A.B.
Published: October 2014

Calcium leaching is a degradation process consisting in progressive dissolution of the cement paste by migration of calcium atoms to the aggressive solution. It is therefore, a complex phenomenon involving several phases and dissolution and diffusion processes simultaneously. Along this work, a new computational scheme for the simulation of the degradation process in three dimensions was developed and tested. The toolkit was used to simulate accelerated calcium leaching by a 6M ammonium nitrate solution in cement matrices. The obtained outputs were the three dimensional representation of the matrix and the physicochemical properties of individual phases as a consequence of the degradation process. This not only makes it possible to study the evolution of such properties as a function of time but also as a function of the position within the matrix. The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental values of the elastic modulus in degraded and undegraded samples.
Virtualization for Effective Risk-Free Network Security Assessment
Authors: Longheu Alessandro , Carchiolo Vincenza , Mangioni Giuseppe , Malgeri Michele
Published: October 2014

Computer networks security is a hard issue, which continuously evolves due to the change of technologies, architectures and algorithms and the growing complexity of architectures and systems. This question is enforced in distributed contexts where the lack of a central authority imposes to set up a proper strategy for both passive and active security. Moreover, it is also essential to test the strategy under as many attack scenarios as possible, to discover and tackle unforeseen situations; this cannot be easily performed on the real system without avoiding either security risks (when it is running) or high costs (if the system must be disconnected from the network during tests). A viable solution is represented by the use of virtualization technologies. Leveraging virtualization permits us to set up an effective and efficient real network duplicate, which can be used for the assessment of security in a non-trivial, risk-free and costs saving fashion.
Multifunctional Remote Laboratories for Real Experiments, Engineering Processes, and Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Krylov Sergey M.
Published: October 2014

This paper describes the efficient structures of various multifunctional remote laboratories for real experiments, engineering processes, and manufacturing methods. Some theoretical problems concerning functional completeness, universality, flexibility, and programmability of such remote laboratories and facilities are discussed in the framework of a new interdisciplinary scientific approach called general formal technology (GFT). GFT is a branch of general system theory (GST). It correlates with Alexander Bogdanov’s Tektology and can be used to investigate formal algorithmic and physical system structures for the synthesis and analysis of various objects.
Importance of a Network of Online Labs in Magrebian Countries
Authors: Naddami Ahmed , Fahli Ahmed , Gourmaj Mourad , Pester Andreas , Oros Ramona
Published: October 2014

Due to global economic factors, in Maghreb, there started short time ago and in the coming period will also continue a very high demand for technicians and engineers. In order to respond to this demand, the initial step is going to be to increase the capacity to train students in institutions of higher education in these countries. But at the same time an incompatibility between growth in numbers of students and quality of courses offered can appear. For this reason an innovative pedagogical approach, complementary to face-to-face pedagogy should be the solution. Integrating eLearning tools to develop a network of remote labs and online learning to build, sustain and share new training subjects in the purpose of providing high qualified students represents a success for the working market.
Web Services for Virtual Simulation
Authors: Akrouf Samir , Merabet Adel , Maza Ayoub , Boubetra Djamel , Selmani Larbi , Boubetra Abdelhak , Mouhoub Nasser Eddine
Published: October 2014

Great development in distance learning has been made in the last two decades facilitated by the rapid evolution of technology, the huge development of computer networks and the large use of internet and personal computers. The World Wide Web with its different web services offers learners and teachers’ new ways of learning and teaching; students can study at their own pace and perform practical tasks remotely.

We, at the University of Bordj Bou Arreridj, are involved in the eSience (rESeau maghrébIn de laboratoirEs à distance) project which aims to link three elabs around the Maghreb countries namely Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. The project is coordinated by the University of Bordeaux 1, France with the participation of many European partners. These elabs will propose practical and theoretical teaching units that will be part of their degree program.

In this paper we present our university’s platform architecture, focusing on the web interface. First we introduce the service broker, which allows students to communicate and use the various platforms of the network. Second we present the simulation server and give an example of its usage.
Remote Laboratory for Advanced Motion Control Experiments
Authors: Gadzhanov Stamen , Nafalski Andrew , Nedic Zorica
Published: October 2014

Lately, a number of remote laboratories for motion control has been developed worldwide as a valuable tool for teaching mechatronics students basic control strategies. However, there is a lack of remote laboratories that can be used in teaching advanced motion control. In this paper a remote laboratory for advanced motion control developed at the University of South Australia is described. The real time control algorithms, including H-infinity control, are successfully implemented in an FPGA environment. This paper also gives a detailed description of the graphical user interface developed for this laboratory, which enables effective remote experimentation.
Hereditary Breast Cancer: Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Characteristics
Authors: Larsen Martin J. , Thomassen Mads , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Kruse Torben A.
Published: October 2014

Pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are only detected in 25% of families with a strong history of breast cancer, though hereditary factors are expected to be involved in the remaining families with no recognized mutation. Molecular characterization is expected to provide new insight into the tumor biology to guide the search of new high-risk alleles and provide better classification of the growing number of BRCA1/2 variants of unknown significance (VUS). In this review, we provide an overview of hereditary breast cancer, its genetic background, and clinical implications, before focusing on the pathologically and molecular features associated with the disease. Recent transcriptome and genome profiling studies of tumor series from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers as well as familial npn- BRCA1/2 will be discussed. Special attention is paid to its association with molecular breast cancer subtypes as well as the latest advances in predicting BRCA1/2 involvement (BRCAness) using molecular signatures, for improved diagnostics and selection of patients sensitive to targeted therapeutics.
Mapping Splicing Quantitative Trait Loci in RNA-Seq
Authors: Jia Cheng , Hu Yu , Liu Yichuan , Li Mingyao
Published: October 2014

Background

One of the major mechanisms of generating mRNA diversity is alternative splicing, a regulated process that allows for the flexibility of producing functionally different proteins from the same genomic sequences. This process is often altered in cancer cells to produce aberrant proteins that drive the progression of cancer. A better understanding of the misregulation of alternative splicing will shed light on the development of novel targets for pharmacological interventions of cancer.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated three statistical methods, random effects meta-regression, beta regression, and generalized linear mixed effects model, for the analysis of splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL) using RNA-Seq data. All the three methods use exon-inclusion levels estimated by the PennSeq algorithm, a statistical method that utilizes paired-end reads and accounts for non-uniform sequencing coverage.

Results

Using both simulated and real RNA-Seq datasets, we compared these three methods with GLiMMPS, a recently developed method for sQTL analysis. Our results indicate that the most reliable and powerful method was the random effects meta-regression approach, which identified sQTLs at low false discovery rates but higher power when compared to GLiMMPS.

Conclusions

We have evaluated three statistical methods for the analysis of sQTLs in RNA-Seq. Results from our study will be instructive for researchers in selecting the appropriate statistical methods for sQTL analysis.
TEGS-CN: A Statistical Method for Pathway Analysis of Genome-wide Copy Number Profile
Authors: Huang Yen-Tsung , Hsu Thomas , Christiani David C.
Published: October 2014

The effects of copy number alterations make up a significant part of the tumor genome profile, but pathway analyses of these alterations are still not well established. We proposed a novel method to analyze multiple copy numbers of genes within a pathway, termed Test for the Effect of a Gene Set with Copy Number data (TEGS-CN). TEGS-CN was adapted from TEGS, a method that we previously developed for gene expression data using a variance component score test. With additional development, we extend the method to analyze DNA copy number data, accounting for different sizes and thus various numbers of copy number probes in genes. The test statistic follows a mixture of X2distributions that can be obtained using permutation with scaled X2approximation. We conducted simulation studies to evaluate the size and the power of TEGS-CN and to compare its performance with TEGS. We analyzed a genome-wide copy number data from 264 patients of non-small-cell lung cancer. With the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) pathway database, the genome-wide copy number data can be classified into 1814 biological pathways or gene sets. We investigated associations of the copy number profile of the 1814 gene sets with pack-years of cigarette smoking. Our analysis revealed five pathways with significant P values after Bonferroni adjustment (<2.8 x 10-5), including the PTEN pathway (7.8 x 10-7), the gene set up-regulated under heat shock (3.6 x 10-6), the gene sets involved in the immune profile for rejection of kidney transplantation (9.2 x 10-6) and for transcriptional control of leukocytes (2.2 x 10-5), and the ganglioside biosynthesis pathway (2.7 x 10-5). In conclusion, we present a new method for pathway analyses of copy number data, and causal mechanisms of the five pathways require further study.
Toolbox for Mobile-Element Insertion Detection on Cancer Genomes
Authors: Lee Wan-Ping , Wu Jiantao , Marth Gabor T.
Published: October 2014

Mobile elements constitute greater than 45% of the human genome as a result of repeated insertion events during human genome evolution. Although most of mobile elements are fixed within the human population, some elements (including ALU, long interspersed elements (LINE) 1 (L1), and SVA) are still actively duplicating and may result in life-threatening human diseases such as cancer, motivating the need for accurate mobile-element insertion (MEI) detection tools. We developed a software package, TANGRAM, for MEI detection in next-generation sequencing data, currently serving as the primary MEI detection tool in the 1000 Genomes Project. TANGRAM takes advantage of valuable mapping information provided by our own MOSAIK mapper, and until recently required MOSAIK mappings as its input. In this study, we report a new feature that enables TANGRAM to be used on alignments generated by any mainstream short-read mapper, making it accessible for many genomic users. To demonstrate its utility for cancer genome analysis, we have applied TANGRAM to the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) mutation calling benchmark 4 dataset. TANGRAM is fast, accurate, easy to use, and open source on https://github.com/jiantao/Tangram .
Automated Recommendation for Cervical Cancer Screening and Surveillance
Authors: Wagholikar Kavishwar B. , Maclaughlin Kathy L. , Casey Petra M. , Kastner Thomas M. , Henry Michael R. , Hankey Ronald A. , Peters Steve G. , Greenes Robert A. , Chute Christopher G. , Liu Hongfang , Chaudhry Rajeev
Published: October 2014

Because of the complexity of cervical cancer prevention guidelines, clinicians often fail to follow best-practice recommendations. Moreover, existing clinical decision support (CDS) systems generally recommend a cervical cytology every three years for all female patients, which is inappropriate for patients with abnormal findings that require surveillance at shorter intervals. To address this problem, we developed a decision tree-based CDS system that integrates national guidelines to provide comprehensive guidance to clinicians. Validation was performed in several iterations by comparing recommendations generated by the system with those of clinicians for 333 patients. The CDS system extracted relevant patient information from the electronic health record and applied the guideline model with an overall accuracy of 87%. Providers without CDS assistance needed an average of 1 minute 39 seconds to decide on recommendations for management of abnormal findings. Overall, our work demonstrates the feasibility and potential utility of automated recommendation system for cervical cancer screening and surveillance.
Profiling the microRNA Expression in Human iPS and iPS-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Wang Heuy-Ching , Greene Whitney A. , Kaini Ramesh R. , Shen-Gunther Jane , Chen Hung-I H , Car Hong , Wang Yufeng
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study is to characterize the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-RPE). MiRNAs have been demonstrated to play critical roles in both maintaining pluripotency and facilitating differentiation. Gene expression networks accountable for maintenance and induction of pluripotency are linked and share components with those networks implicated in oncogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that miRNA expression profiling will distinguish iPS cells from their iPS-RPE progeny. To identify and analyze differentially expressed miRNAs, RPE was derived from iPS using a spontaneous differentiation method. MiRNA microarray analysis identified 155 probes that were statistically differentially expressed between iPS and iPS-RPE cells. Up-regulated miRNAs including miR-181c and miR-129–5p may play a role in promoting differentiation, while down-regulated miRNAs such as miR-367, miR-18b, and miR-20b are implicated in cell proliferation. Subsequent miRNA-target and network analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in cellular development, cell cycle progression, cell death, and survival. A systematic interrogation of temporal and spatial expression of iPS-RPE miRNAs and their associated target mRNAs will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, eye differentiation and development.
Convolution in Rearrangement-Invariant Spaces Defined in Terms of Oscillation and the Maximal Function
Authors: Křepela Martin
Published: October 2014

We characterize boundedness of a convolution operator with a fixed kernel between the classes

S^p(v)

, defined in terms of oscillation, and weighted Lorentz spaces

\Gamma^q(w)

, defined in terms of the maximal function, for

0 < p,q \le \infty

. We prove corresponding weighted Young-type inequalities of the form

\|f\ast g\|_{\Gamma^q(w)} \le C \|f\|_{\S^p(v)}\|g\|_Y

and characterize the optimal rearrangement-invariant space

Y

for which these inequalities hold.
$G$-Convergence of Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Waurick Marcus
Published: October 2014

We discuss

G

-convergence of linear integro-differential-algebraic equations in Hilbert spaces. We show under which assumptions it is generic for the limit equation to exhibit memory effects. Moreover, we investigate which classes of equations are closed under the process of

G

-convergence. The results have applications to the theory of homogenization. As an example we treat Maxwell's equation with the Drude–Born–Fedorov constitutive relation.
Standing Solitary Euler-Korteweg Waves are Unstable
Authors: Höwing Johannes
Published: October 2014

This note establishes instability of any planar standing wave in the Euler-Korteweg system.
On $p_s(x)$-Laplacian Parabolic Problems with Non-Globally Lipschitz Forcing Term
Authors: Simsen Jacson , Simsen Mariza S. , Teixeira Primo Marcos R.
Published: October 2014

In this work we prove continuity of solutions with respect to initial conditions and exponent parameters and we prove upper semicontinuity of a family of global attractors for problems of the form

\frac{\partial u_s}{\partial t}-\textrm{div}(|\nabla u_{s}|^{p_s(x)-2}\nabla u_{s})+f(x,u_s)=g,

where

f:\Omega\times \mathbb R\to \mathbb R

is a non-globally Lispchitz Carathéodory mapping,

g\in L^2(\Omega),

\Omega

is a bounded smooth domain in

\mathbb{R}^{n},\;n\geq 1

and

p_s(\cdot)\to p\;\text{in}\;L^\infty(\Omega)\; (p > 2\;\text{constant})

as

s

goes to infinity.
Stability of Traveling Wave Fronts for Nonlocal Delayed Reaction Diffusion Systems
Authors: Lv Guangying , Wang Xiaohuan
Published: October 2014

This paper is concerned with the stability of traveling wave fronts for nonlocal delayed reaction diffusion system. The stability of traveling wave front is proved in some exponentially weighted

L^\infty

-spaces, when the difference between initial data and traveling wave front decays exponentially as

x\rightarrow -\infty

,but the initial data can be arbitrary large in other locations. Moreover, the time decay rates are obtained by weighted energy estimates.
How could health information exchange better meet the needs of care practitioners?
Authors: Kaushal R. , Vest J.R. , Kierkegaard P.
Published: October 2014

Background: Health information exchange (HIE) has the potential to improve the quality of health-care by enabling providers with better access to patient information from multiple sources at the point of care. However, HIE efforts have historically been difficult to establish in the US and the failure rates of organizations created to foster HIE have been high.

Objectives: We sought to better understand how RHIO-based HIE systems were used in practice and the challenges care practitioners face using them. The objective of our study were to so investigate how HIE can better meet the needs of care practitioners.

Methods: We performed a multiple-case study using qualitative methods in three communities in New York State. We conducted interviews onsite and by telephone with HIE users and non-users and observed the workflows of healthcare professionals at multiple healthcare organizations participating in a local HIE effort in New York State.

Results: The empirical data analysis suggests that challenges still remain in increasing provider usage, optimizing HIE implementations and connecting HIE systems across geographic regions. Important determinants of system usage and perceived value includes users experienced level of available information and the fit of use for physician workflows.

Conclusions: Challenges still remain in increasing provider adoption, optimizing HIE implementations, and demonstrating value. The inability to find information reduced usage of HIE. Healthcare organizations, HIE facilitating organizations, and states can help support HIE adoption by ensuring patient information is accessible to providers through increasing patient consents, fostering broader participation, and by ensuring systems are usable.

Citation: Kierkegaard P, Kaushal R, Vest JR. How could health information exchange better meet the needs of care practitioners? Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 861–877

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-06-RA-0055