bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P01-201-Polarity of most recent affective episode and other clinical factors in relation to quality of life in remitted bipolar patients
Authors: Novak T. , Sprah L. , Dernovsek M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Quality of life (QoL) is reported to be markedly impaired even in interepisode bipolar disorder. Recent depressive episode correlates with poorer QoL than recent manic episode in remitted patients.

Aims

We compared QoL between bipolar patients with regard to the polarity of most recent episodes and control group in order to assess relationships between clinical factors and quality of life in bipolar outpatients.

Methods

33 remitted bipolar outpatients (19 depressive and 14 manic according to the polarity of recent episode), and 22 healthy individuals completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Version (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results

Outpatients with recent depressive episode reported the lowest overall QoL and health satisfaction and had the lowest scores on psychological domain among all groups. Polarity of most recent episode didn’t correlate significantly with QoL. In outpatient group as a whole, several clinical factors including previous depressive episodes were significantly correlated with WHOQOL-BREF scores.

Conclusions

QoL is impaired in remitted bipolar outpatients. Despite the insignificant association between polarity of most recent episode and QoL, our data confirm that depressive symptoms are among the most significant contributors to reduced QoL in bipolar disorder. The importance of gaining full remission is associated with improved QoL.
Temperament as a basic element of bipolar spectrum and subthreshold manifestations
Authors: Harnic D. , Koukopoulos A. , Mazza M. , Bria P.
Published: May 2011

Objectives

Temperament represents one of the basic elements of bipolar spectrum.

Methods

A systematic search was undertaken in MEDLINE (from 1977 to 2007) to obtain articles published in English regarding the association of temperament and bipolar disorder. Keywords used were “temperament”, “bipolar disorder”, “assessment”, “bipolar spectrum”, “subthreshold”.

Results

In opposition to the dichotomic conception which up to the end of XIX century considered mania and depression as two distinct and separate categories, Kraepelin has postulated a psychopathological “continuum” between temperament and affective disorders called “bipolar spectrum”. This concept has been reintroduced in contemporary psychiatry by Akiskal's works. By rebuilding the history of patients affected by bipolar disorder, temperamental traits can be already observed in the pre-morbid period and can also persist during disorder-free intervals.

Conclusions

By interpreting and diagnosing multiple expressions of bipolar spectrum, psychiatrists today are facing one of the most important challenges in everyday clinical practice. The temperamental “dysregulation” is the pathological basis of mood disorders and some temperamental traits in individuals can reflect a predisposition to develop a mood disorder.
Change of cliinical features of bipolar i disorder on a year-over-year basis in patients hospitalized in Imam Hossein Hospital during years of 1991 to 2006
Authors: Kia A. , Samimi Ardestani S.M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Bipolar I Disorder (BID) might be diagnosed primarily as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder in children and adolescents due to unstable or vague symptoms. The depressive phase not yet followed by a manic or mixed episode in either adults or adolescents may lead to an early misdiagnosis. The concept of mixed episode as a manic episode intruding on previous depressive traits puts emphasis on early managements that may lead to a mixed episode.

Objectives

Assess of changes in clinical features of BID.

Aims

To determine the frequency of mixed and manic phase of BID and assess change in rate of mixed versus manic episode on a year-over-year basis.

Methods

Study is a cross sectional study performed on 322 patients diagnosed with BID hospitalized in the psychiatric ward of Imam Hossein Hospital during the years of 1991 to 2006. Each episode was considered as an individual case. A single psychiatrist used DSM IV-TR criteria to differentiate a mixed episode from a manic one.

Results

Among 322 patients, 117 were cases of mixed episode and 205 patients were diagnosed as manic episode. Year-over-year comparisons showed an increasing rate of the diagnosis of mixed episode during the course of the study.

Conclusions

The increased rate of the diagnosis of the mixed episode during the period of the study drives attention to all the probable factors that might have a role on the subsequent changes of the clinical feature of BID toward mixed episode.
The quality of life of patients suffering from bipolar disorder – a comparison with schizophrenic patients and healthy controls
Authors: Latalova K. , Diveky T. , Kamaradova D. , Velartova H. , Prasko J.
Published: May 2011

Host of studies have now examined QoL in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia until recently few had specifically focused upon QoL in patients with bipolar disorder. The purpose of the present study was to find out the QoL data in patients suffering from bipolar disorder in clinical remission and examine the extent of the effects of the demographical and clinical data on QoL in these patients. The second aim was to compare the QoL data with the data of patients suffering from schizophrenia in clinical remission and with healthy controls.Data were obtained by using the quality of life questionnaire (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction - Q-LES-Q) for 41 bipolar patients in clinical remission. The data of these subjects were compared with the data of 40 schizophrenic patients in clinical remission and with 40 healthy controls.There are statistically significant difference in comparison with schizophrenic patients, but not in comparison with healthy controls. There were higher mean scores in most Q-LES-Q summary scales in patients with bipolar disorder in comparison with schizophrenic patients and in some summary scales in comparison with healthy controls.Our results suggest the same or higher subjective quality of life in patients suffering with bipolar disorder in clinical remission in comparison with healthy controls and higher subjective quality of life in bipolar patients in clinical remission in comparison with schizophrenic patients in clinical remission.

Supported by grant IGA MZ ČR NT11047
P01-223-Recovery of cognitive functioning in patients with co-occurring bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence during early remission from an acute mood episode
Authors: Levy B. , Manove E. , Weiss R.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Preliminary data suggest that patients who suffer from both bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol dependence (AD) may be more vulnerable to cognitive dysfunction than patients with a single diagnosis, especially during periods that are clinically unstable.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive recovery of dually-diagnosed patients during remission from an acute mood disturbance.

Aim

The study aimed to replicate our previous comparison of cognitive functioning between BD patients with and without AD, while on the inpatient unit, and to extend this investigation in a longitudinal design post-discharge.

Method

Fifty-five adult inpatients with bipolar I disorder completed a neuropsychological battery, mood measures and substance abuse measures upon discharge from the hospital and at a 3 month follow up. Analyses provided group comparisons on these measures between patients who presented with co-occurrence of AD (n = 21) in the year prior to hospital admission and patients without a Substance Use Disorder (SUD; n = 34).

Results

Compared to patients without SUD, dually-diagnosed patients scored significantly more poorly on measures of visual memory, verbal memory and executive functioning both at hospital discharge and follow-up. They also exhibited more limited recovery of these functions over the course of this period. Mood symptoms decreased in both groups from discharge to follow up.

Conclusions

Patients with co-occurring BD and AD may suffer from more severe cognitive dysfunction and less favorable recovery of cognitive deficits than BD patients without SUD over the course of remission from a mood episode.
Emotional hyper-reactivity in normothymic bipolar patients
Authors: M’bailara K. , Henry C.
Published: May 2011

EUthymic states in bipolar disorders are generally considered to be devoid of severe symptoms. However, bipolar patients present subsyndromal symptoms for half of their life, and often have comorbid psychiatric disorders. If we go beyond the concept of temperamental features, can we identify certain emotional characteristics distinguishing normothymic bipolar patients from normal controls? The aim of this study was to assess the emotional reactivity of normothymic bipolar patients, comparing such patients with a normal control group during an experimental mood induction procedure.

We evaluated the subjective emotional reactivity of 145 subjects (90 control subjects and 55 normothymic bipolar patients), using an emotional induction method based on the viewing of a set of slides (6 positive, 6 negative, 6 neutral) extracted from International Affective Picture System. Subjective valence and arousal were recorded with the Self Assessment Manikin.

We also recorded startle reflexes.

Normothymic bipolar patients and normal controls assessed valence and arousal similarly for positive and negative images. However, neutral images were considered more pleasant, and induced a higher level of arousal, in normothymic bipolar patients than in control subjects. Neutral pictures also triggered a stronger startle reflex in normothymic bipolar patients compared to controls.

Normothymic bipolar patients displayed emotional hyper-reactivity, mostly evidenced in neutral situations. This feature may be linked to emotional dysregulation and is a potential endophenotype and or a risk factor for bipolar disorders. This trait may be responsible for vulnerability to minor stressful events in everyday life. These findings have potential implications for the daily management.
Subjective experience of cognitive function in affective disorders
Authors: Miskowiak K. , Vinberg M. , Christensen E.M. , Kessing L.V.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD) may persist into periods of remission and affect psychosocial function. Attention and memory deficits may be more pronounced during remission in BD compared with UD. However, patients’ subjective experience of cognitive difficulties is poorly understood, and it is unclear whether this differs between BD and UD.

Aims and objectives

To examine self-reported cognitive function in remitted patients with BD and UD.

Methods

Patients with BD (n = 54) and UD (n = 45) were referred to the outpatient clinic at Department of Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, following hospital discharge.

Affective symptoms and patients’ experience of cognitive symptoms were assessed at their initial consultation at the clinic.

Results

Patients in remission experienced mild to moderate impairment of cognitive function with greatest difficulties in motivation, energy, attention and memory. Subjective experience of cognitive function were similar for BD and UD and were predicted by affective symptoms rather than by diagnosis, age, gender or comorbid alcohol misuse.

Conclusions

The absence of differences between UD and BD in the subjective experience of cognitive difficulties contrasts with evidence of greater objective cognitive dysfunction in BD. This highlights a potential discord between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function. The impact of affective symptoms on the subjectively experienced cognitive difficulties suggests that they reflect mood symptoms rather than objective cognitive deficits. Further investigation of the relation between objective and subjective measures of cognitive function and the influence of affective symptoms is warranted.
Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder
Authors: Nogueira V. , Valente J. , Soares M.J. , Pereira A.T. , Maia B. , Marques M. , Allen Gomes A. , Macedo A. , Azevedo M.H.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Bipolar Disorder is a serious, common and disabling mental disorder which is associated to high morbidity and high suicide attempt rates.

Objectives

To identify clinical and social-demographic variables associated to suicidal behaviour in Bipolar Disorder.

Methods

The samples comprises 124 patients (62.1% females) diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (ICD-10 diagnosis following DIGS/OPCRIT). The variables selected to the analysis were extracted from DIGS and OPCRIT.

Results

Suicidal behaviour occurs in 27.1% of the patients; the most used method was voluntary drug poisoning; it's more frequent in females, with males using more violent methods - remaining results still unavailable.

Conclusions

This study identifies several clinical and social-demographic variables that can help the clinician to delineate a suicidal profile among his Bipolar patients, hence improving his ability to develop an early intervention plan and suicide prevention strategies.
P01-243-An open non-randomised study of course and clinical characteristics of bipolar mixed state in comparison with bipolar manic and depressed state in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Raman K. , Sharma P.S.V.N. , Haridas K. , Das S.K.
Published: May 2011

Objectives

The study attempts to delineate the clinical correlates (suicidal risk, manic, depressive and psychotic symptom severity) and course characteristics (age of onset and details of past affective episodes) of bipolar mixed state and compare with bipolar manic and bipolar depressed state diagnosed according to ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research(ICD-10 DCR).

Methodology

The study was carried out in inpatient psychiatry setting of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India over a period of 10 months. It was an Open, Non-randomised, Naturalistic study with sequential sampling. The rating scales used were Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and Beck Scale for suicidal ideation.

Results

A total of 70 subjects were included in the study meeting the criteria of bipolar disorder currently manic, depressed and mixed state according to ICD-10 DCR.

Manic group constituted the majority (n1 = 47) followed by depressed (n2 = 17) and mixed groups (n3 = 6). Mixed group was characterized by preponderance of females, high suicidal intent, high frequency of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms, illness severity and significant family history.

Conclusion

The study was able to establish some core features that were specific to mixed states. A larger sample size and a prospective follow up study would throw light on the existence of this group as an independent entity.
Experiences of family caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Shamsaei F. , Mohamad Khan Kermanshhi S. , Vanaki Z. , Hajizadeh E. , Hayatbakhsh M.R.
Published: May 2011

Background

Attention to caregiving consequences has been mainly restricted to bipolar disorder, although studies suggest that relatives of bipolar patients also experience considerable distress.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences from family member caregiver with bipolar disorder patient.

Methods

In a qualitative research of phenomenological methodology, the family member's caregivers of bipolar disorder in farshian psychiatric hospital in Hamedan (Iran) were selected by purposive sampling in the year 2010. By reaching data saturation the number of participant was 12. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed by “Van manen” method.

Results

Analysis of the interviews revealed six major themes: emotional impact, physical impact, social impact, Financial Impact, Disruption of family functioning and social support needs.

Conclusions

Highlight the need for family-oriented mental health services to be developed and for further research to identify the specific nursing interventions that are effective in helping to sustain family caregiving.
P01-248-Theory of mind, moral judgments and neuropsychological functioning in patients with bipolar disorders
Authors: Signorelli M. , Geraci A. , Aguglia E.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Several studies revealed that cognitive functioning in BPD are impaired not only in the acute phase but over time (Mur et al., 2008). On Theory of Mind (ToM) recent studies found a impairment of this ability in remitted patients, supporting the theory that ToM deficits are trait-dependent (Bora et al., 2009) in contrast with another study that suggest a partially dependence(Wolf et al. 2010).

Objectives

We explored: a) ToM in BPD investigating two cognitive processes: emotional recognition, second order beliefs attribution; b) Moral judgments in BPD; c) possible effects of neuropsychological functioning on ToM task and moral dilemmas.

Aims

The principal aim is to investigate the domain specificity of ToM and Moral sense, studying selective impairments.

Method

A total of 20 patients with bipolar I disorder were tested and 20 healthy controls. We use a complete neuropsychological assessment, two ToM tasks (Eyes test, Sullivan's stories) and we added two moral dilemmas to asses moral judgment Results: We found ToM deficits in BDP, with a multiple correlation between ToM and neuropsychological functioning. Also we found for the first time a impairment on personal moral dilemma, with a correlation between emotional recognition and moral judgments.

Conclusion

Patients with BPD are impaired in ToM partially independent of other cognitive dysfunctions and in moral reasoning.
Do patients with bipolar disorders receive evidence-based psychosocial interventions? a survey in Italy
Authors: Vallarino M. , Rapisarda F. , Parabiaghi A. , Barbato A. ,   European Network of Bipolar Research Expert Centers
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Research evidence on bipolar disorder supports the importance of patients’ active role to improve outcome and the efficacy of a number of psychosocial interventions. The lower cost and potential ease of dissemination of group psychoeducation suggest that this should be a first line approach, with more complex interventions, requiring highly specialized skills, reserved to selected patients. However, to what extent research models can be transferred to everyday practice remains to be seen.

Objectives

To explore the delivery of psychosocial interventions to bipolar disorders patients in routine mental health care.

Aims

To estimate the treated prevalence of bipolar disorders in Milan and to collect data about the variety of psychosocial interventions patients received by mental health services.

Methods

A survey of psychosocial interventions received by bipolar patients in three mental health services of Milan (catchment area 867,000 inhabitants) was conducted in 2009. Data from the Regional Mental Health Information System were retrieved to calculate the number of patients involved in psychosocial interventions and the kind of intervention provided.

Results

The treated prevalence rate was low, showing a probable treatment gap. Only 20% of 636 bipolar patients received at least one psychosocial intervention. The interventions provided were: family psychoeducation (3,8%), individual social skills training (11,5%), group social skills training (1,4%), and relatives group (3,0%).

Conclusions

Few bipolar patients receive psychosocial interventions in the MHS of Milan. Moreover, the interventions received were not specifically designed for bipolar disorder. Treatment gap could be reduced providing psychoeducation especially designed for bipolar patients.
Patterns of disease and severity in bipolar disorder: Retrospective data from a large multinational longitudinal study (WAVE-bd)
Authors: Vieta E. , Figueira M.L. , Bellivier F. , Souery D. , Blasco-Colmenares E. , Medina E. , Langosch J. ,   WAVE-bd Study Group
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The Wide AmbispectiVE study of the clinical management and burden of bipolar disorder (BD) (WAVE-bd; NCT01062607) is ongoing to address limitations of longitudinal BD studies to-date focused on single disease phases or treatment.

Aim/Objective

To describe baseline bipolar mood state and severity in a cohort of patients with BD.

Methods

Multinational, multicentre, non-interventional, longitudinal study of patients diagnosed with BD-I or BD-II with ≥1 mood event in the preceding 12 months (retrospective data collection from index mood event to enrolment, followed by 9-14 months’ prospective follow-up). Site and patient selection provided a sample representative of bipolar populations. The study includes descriptive analyses of demographics, diagnosis and medical history.

Results

2880 patients (mean age 46.5 years [SD: 13.3]; 62.0% female) were recruited March to September 2010: 1989 (69.1%) BD-I and 891 (30.9%) BD-II. Time (years) from first symptoms to diagnosis was 2.9 [SD: 6.6] (BD-I) and 4.4 [SD: 8.0] (BD-II). Of the total population, 20.8% lived alone (13.9% BD-I, 6.9% BD-II), 36.7% were employed (24.0% BD-I, 12.7% BD-II) and 13.3% unemployed (9.5% BD-I, 3.8% BD-II). Disease status at inclusion (BD-I, BD-II, respectively [mild, moderate, severe]) included hypomania (7.9% [67.7%, 31.0%, 1.3%], 6.5% [70.7%, 29.3%, 0%]), mania (7.1% [26.1%, 47.2%, 26.8%], 0%), euthymia (58.6%, 60.3%), depression (19.7% [38.8%, 47.7%, 13.5%], 31.1% [41.2%, 46.9%, 11.9%]) and mixed (5.7% [30.1%, 46.9%, 23.0%], 0%).

Conclusions

This ongoing study provides detailed insight into a large BD population, showing the majority with euthymia and an important proportion with depression both in BD-I and BD-II patients.
Evidence that better theory of mind skills in children with auditory hallucinations mitigate the risk of secondary delusion formation
Authors: Bartels-Velthuis A.A. , Blijd-Hoogewys E.M.A. , Van Os J.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

It has been observed that children with auditory hallucinations (AH) may develop secondary delusional ideation, which is thought to increase the risk of need for care and patient status. Little is known about the cognitive vulnerabilities mediating delusion formation in children experiencing perceptual anomalies like AH. The ability to correctly interpret another person's intentions or emotions, referred to as mentalizing ability or ‘theory of mind’ (ToM), is shown to be impaired in children with psychotic symptoms and to be associated with delusional ideation in individuals at risk. A direct link between mentalizing ability and delusions is suggested by their presentation as alterations in social inference.

Objective

To examine the cognitive vulnerabilities mediating delusion formation in children presenting with AH.

Method

In a sample of 259 12- and 13-year-old children, AH, delusional experiences (’mind reading’,’paranoid ideas’ and’receiving media messages’) and theory of mind (ToM) were assessed, in order to examine the hypothesized moderating role of ToM in delusion formation.

Results

The risk of delusion formation was significantly higher in AH children with lower ToM skills (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.4, P = 0.008), compared to AH children with higher ToM skills (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.9–3.4, P = 0.11).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that better mentalizing abilities confer protection against developing full-blown psychosis in children experiencing perceptual anomalies.
General topics for a national education program about mental health in the Portuguese school
Authors: Cordeiro R.A.
Published: May 2011

The young population is especially vulnerable to phenomena such as social exclusion, especially in the transition from school to working life, with all the implications that might ensue for the ability to develop a sense of future. Compare to adulthood, young people are a risk group for mental illness by the vulnerability they are submitted, concerning financial and employment problems, training opportunities or family disorganization. Note that the family model has undergone rapid changes revealing new representations and a fertile ground for mental disorders of the forum.

Although the collected information, the data produced and multiple studies have been difficult to implement a consistent and structured education for mental health in the adolescent population.
Consortium for the lifespan examination of ADHD registry (Clear): An update on methodology and recruitment
Authors: Lasser R. , Eksteen C. , Brod M. , Politza L. , Dauphin M. , Asherson P. , Huss M. , Tetali S.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

ADHD is often unrecognised and untreated, particularly in Europe. There is a need for improved understanding of ADHD in adults and its impact on patients across the lifespan. Registries allow for multiple real-world comparisons based on assessment of patients that are typically excluded from clinical studies. Data describing the cost, burden and consequences of ADHD are essential to inform clinicians, regulatory agencies, payers and patients about the condition.

Objectives

To address the gaps in our current understanding of the care and cost of treating adult patients with ADHD by documenting real-life experiences.

Methods

A prospective, longitudinal, observational study of adults > 18 years with ADHD, designed to follow 2500 patients in the USA, UK, Germany, The Netherlands and Canada for a minimum of 5 years.

In year one, patients will be asked questions regarding:

the impact of childhood diagnosis and/or treatment on adult ADHD, long- and short-term treatment patterns and their consequences, differences between ADHD treatments, the relationship between disease severity and compliance with treatment, increased tendency to risk behaviour/substance abuse, costs.

In subsequent years, topics may be expanded to include the transition into adulthood and healthcare access for young adults.

Results

Ten sites are currently recruiting, with 45 patients enrolled up to 7 October 2010. Challenges associated with initiating a global registry in North America and Europe will be discussed.

Conclusion

Data generated from CLEAR will help improve the global understanding of the longitudinal impact of ADHD.

Supported by Shire Development, Inc.
Liver function tests and one year risperidone treatment in children and adolescents
Authors: Erdogan A. , Yurteri N. , Tufan A.E. , Ankarali H. , Demirci E.
Published: May 2011

Objective

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic agent, despite its many advantages and widespread use, there is increasing attention to the adverse effects associated with long-term exposure to this drug.We aimed to investigate the changes in the liver function tests (LFTs) associated with one year risperidone treatment in children and adolescents.

Methods

One hundred youths who treated with risperidone more than one year were included in the study. For this study, patients’ baseline and follow-up weight and hepatobiliary function tests including alanine aminotransferases(ALT) and aspartat aminotransferases (AST), gamma gluatamyl transerase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum bilirubin levels were measured baseline, after the treatment period of six months and one year.

Results

Asymptomatic liver function test abnormalities mostly ALP elevation was found in subjects treated with risperidone. The mean levels of liver enzymes and billuribin of the patients were significantly higher after one year of treatment than the baseline. Also the mean levels of liver enzymes and billuribin of the patients were significantly higher after one year of treatment than the six months. There was significant association between changes in weight, risperidone dose and liver enzymes and billuribin levels.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that risperidone treatment in the long term commonly leads to liver function changes however it rarely may induce a serious hepatic toxicity at therapeutic doses in children and adolescents.
Criminal Autistic Psychopathy
Authors: Fitzgerald M.
Published: May 2011

This paper will examine Criminal Autistic Psychopathy. The vast majority of persons with autism and Asperger's syndrome are highly ethical. A tiny minority who end up in prison or in criminal activities not leading to prison have major empathy and interpersonal difficulties. These can lead to fatal acts of aggression. This paper focuses on differential diagnosis, neuropsychology, neurochemistry, and neuroimaging studies of this very serious and important condition even though it is rare.
Effects of a social recreational program for children with autism spectrum disorders - preliminary findings
Authors: Goh T.J. , Sung M. , Ooi Y.P. , Lam C.M. , Chua A. , Fung D. , Pathy P.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Social impairments form one of the major deficits of Autism Spectrum Disorders and are frequently associated with anxiety in school-going children. Social skills programs have been most well-validated to address the issue but components of the programs require further examination.

Objectives

The study aims to develop and evaluate a group-based Social Recreational program that encourages interaction and behaviour regulation among children with High-Functioning Autism through their participation in activities that address meaningful and functional skills in a naturalistic social setting. The components of the program are described.

Methods

30 children were enrolled in the 16-sessions weekly program. Attending psychiatrists rated the children on the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale (CGI-S) at pre-, post-, 3-month, 6-month and one-year follow-up. Anxiety levels of the children were measured by self-reports on the Spence Child Anxiety Scale - Child (SCAS-C) and parent-reports on the Spence Child Anxiety Scale - Parent (SCAS-P).

Results

Clinician ratings on the CGI-S showed significant improvements in the children upon completion of the program (Friedman, X2 = 22.69, p = .000) and the gains were maintained at follow-ups. Repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction showed lower self-reported anxiety in children after the program, F (2.89, 72.26) = 4.07, p = .004. Post-hoc pair-wise comparisons suggested that the children were significantly less anxious at the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion

The program suggests promising benefits although there are no active anxiety remediation components. Its value lies in its applicability in wider community settings. Implications of its effectiveness are discussed.
P01-303-Vegetative status in infants of high-risk for schizophrenia
Authors: Kalinina M.A. , Schimonova G.N.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The study of clinical features and prognostic significance of autonomic disorders are among the most pressing problems of modern medicine.

Objectives

Dynamically within 5 years were observed 50 children at high risk for schizophrenia and 40 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of the general population. Aims. Evaluation of prognostic significance of autonomic disorders in infancy for mental health in older age groups.

Methods

All patients were examined by clinical methods and EEG, neurosonografia, original screening tables for early childhood.

Results

In the first year of life in children at high risk for schizophrenia observed mental and motor development within the syndrome of PDD.In infancy the vagotonic orientation prevailed 72, 5%. By 3 years it changed to the amphotonic orientation reaching 76, 0% of children, while the 10, 0% acquired sympathotony, the rest remained vagotonic.The mental state of 37 children to 5 years qualified as schizotipical disorder (F 21.8). In 13 children it was diagnosed schizophrenia, children's type (F20.8). Frequent and sudden changes in the type of tonus correlated with the deterioration of the mental state of a different nature.In the control group at the first year of life prevailed vagotonic orientation, which gradually to age of one year changed by eutonic. During the first 3–5 months of infancy revealed some unstable circulatory, sleep disorders.

Conclusions

The instability of autonomic tone and an abundance of vegetative violations indicate the risk of mental pathology.
P01-304-Frequency of pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and some related factors in students of girls’ high schools of esfahan
Authors: Karahmadi M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Many women in fertile period of their lives experience some bothering mental and physical symptoms. After presentation of DSM-IV, these symptoms already known as Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) were called Pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PM DD).The prevalence of PMS has been estimated to be about 40% to 70% but severe signs (PMDD) have lower prevalence. This study has evaluated the frequency of PMS and PMDD and some related factors in girls’ high schools.

Methods and materials

In this descriptive-analytic study, 800 students of girls’ high schools were chosen by randomized cluster sampling. A researcher made questionnaire assessing PMS and PMDD according to DSM.lV.TR criteria as well as a demographic questionnaire were administered to participants. Data were analyzed running SPSS software -version 11.5.

Findings

Frequencies of PMS and PMDD were 41.5% and 9.4% respectively. The disorder was more frequent in students older than 16 years old. Mood symptoms were the most frequent presentation, followed by physical and behavioral symptoms. There was a lower frequency of the disorder despite a higher frequency of the syndrome in students with highly educated mothers. The frequency of PMS was higher in students with positive family history.

Discussion

Because of the potential adverse effects of PMS and PMDD on academic achievement and mental health of students, the high frequency of these problems need urgent attention. Planning mental health evaluations and interventions is necessary for these age group students. Diagnosis of severe cases and referring them should be considered in such programs.
Predictors of mental health distress in mothers with autism children
Authors: Khodaee M.R. , Khodabakhshi Koolaee A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Taking care of a child with Autism has been shown to place a significant burden on the caregiver's, especially mothers (Khodabakhshi Kooalee, 2008).

Objectives

Propose of this study is to identify mental health distress in mothers with Autism children.

Methods

50 mothers who had a child with Autism (APA, 2002) and 50 mothers who had not a child with Autism (control healthy group) selected in present study. A total 100 mothers were answered General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) Persian version. The mean of age of children was 10.50 years old.

Results

The results indicated health -related distress (GHQ) was markedly increased in comparison to healthy controls. Mothers with Autism children reported high level of depression and Anxiety disorder than healthy group. Also, 66% of mothers reports very low level social function.

Conclusion

According to the results, mothers with Autistic Children experiences high level of stress and mental health problems. It is noteworthy to noted, the psycho-educational family, social network and supportive psychotherapy are offer to these mothers and other member of family.
Transgenerational transfer of family secret - case presentation
Authors: Kravic N.
Published: May 2011

Objective

We wanted to show how the family secret of adoption can influence even second generation of members.

Case study

Girl 15 years of age, high school first grade lived in complete family with older brother and younger sister. Father was a rigid structure, difficult in communication with other family members except youngest daughter. For a first check up she had come with her mother (previously psychiatry treated of depression). Girl was very depressed (CDI 24), her appearance expressed hopelessness, repeatedly thought about suicide, did not accomplish anything she wanted, to study for nurse, or an actress. Two years ago looking through some papers, she had find out that her mother was adopted as a baby, that changed her all life, relationship toward grandparents, could not study, focus on anything else. Just a few days ago she admitted to her mother that she knows a secret about her origins. Her mother also find out that she was adopted when she was 14 (the same age when her daughter find it out), some girls in the school told that to her. Finding out the truth was very devastating for her too.

Conclusion

Trans - generational transfer of family secret came to resonance of unconscious and girl find out the truth almost in the same age as mother. It has had stressful effect, but also influence trust, and cause anger and feeling of exclusion. Silence has aggressive except protective function. Adolescence as vulnerable developmental age made this girl more sensitive for this.
Family healthcare and ADHD in france
Authors: Lecendreux M. , Gétin C. , Keddad K.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a lifetime neuro-developmental disorder, which causes severe impairment in children and adolescents. A recent epidemiological study of children presenting with ADHD in France suggests an estimated prevalence of ADHD of 3.5-5.6%.

Objectives

A survey was conducted to gather information from the families of children with ADHD about the care pathway in France in order to improve understanding of the needs in this field.

Methodology

The survey was conducted between July and August 2009 via an online questionnaire, which was sent to 1217 families registered with the French ADHD association.

Results

The survey response rate was 23% and key findings include the following. Symptoms at school were the key driver in healthcare demand in 77% of cases. Waiting time for an appointment with a specialist averaged 8.2 months. More than 80% of parents felt involved in the choice of care for their children, while only 41% of families considered themselves well-informed during the diagnostic process. Of the 70% of children receiving ADHD medication at the time of the survey, 97% showed good adherence to treatment on school days.

Conclusion

The survey results suggest that the care pathway for ADHD in France is lengthy, with the average time taken before a specialist consultation estimated to be about one school year. Recognition of ADHD appears to originate at school rather than in a preventive manner by the healthcare system.

The survey was supported by Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Feeling life is not worth living: A cross sectional study of Greek adolescents
Authors: Magklara K. , Bellos S.A. , Gkatsa T. , Mihalis G. , Mavreas V.G. , Skapinakis P.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Thoughts of feeling life is not worth living could be the initial stage of a continuum that might end in a suicide.

Objectives

Psychiatric morbidity is quite prevalent among adolescents and has been associated with suicidal ideation.

Aims

Our aim was to test the association between thoughts that life is not worth living and psychiatric morbidity in a sample of Greek adolescents.

Methods

A two-phase cross sectional study of 5614 adolescents aged 16–18 years old attending 25 senior high schools in Greece. A stratified random sample of 2431 subjects was selected for a detailed interview at the second phase. Psychiatric morbidity and thoughts of life is not worth living were assessed with the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Odds ratios adjusted for age and sex were computed for the association between such thoughts and CIS-R scores.

Results

3,72% of the adolescents (girls:5,11%, boys:2,36%, p < 0.001) reported thoughts of feeling life is not worth living in the week before interview. Psychiatric morbidity correlated significantly with those thoughts (OR = 1.16, 95% Confidence Intervals: 1.14–1.19). The level of psychiatric morbidity was strongly associated with such thoughts with higher levels of distress showing a greater association (Table 1).

[Table 1]

Conclusions

Policies aiming at preventing the overall burden of psychiatric disease in adolescence may reduce the frequency of thoughts that life is not worth living, which could eventually lead to a decrease in completed suicides.
Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorder
Authors: Mohareri F. , Soltanifar A. , Soltanifar A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

There is little study about attention deficit hyperactivity Symptoms in children with PDD In the present study we evaluated the co-occurrence rate of ADHD and its subtypes according to DSM-IV-TR in children with high functioning PDD.

Method

Participants were recruited from the consecutive referrals to the child and adolescent psychiatric clinics in Ebne Sina and Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. We selected 3–12 year old individuals who had PDD according to DSM IV-TR who had verbal or performance IQ of 70 or higher on WISC-III. The diagnosis was made by a certified child and adolescent psychiatrist. Subjects were divided into two age groups (children aged 3–7 and children aged 8–12). Forty children with the mentioned criteria were included in the sample.

Results

Among 40 subjects 31 children 22 boys and 9 girls (77/5%) met the DSM- IV-TR diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Fifteen children with combined type (37/5%), 11 with predominantly inattentive type (27/5%) and 5 with predominantly hyperactive impulsive type (12/5%). The co occurrence rate of ADHD with PDD subtypes were 69/5 For Autistic Disorder and 51/5 For As /PPD NOS without a statistical significant difference (P = 0/078). The co occurrence rate of ADHD in 2 age groups were 36/3 (20 of 31) for the older group and 66/7 (11 of 31) for the younger group without a statistical Significant difference (P = 0/5). Discussion: The high co occurrence rate of ADHD in children with Autism spectrum disorder found in our study strongly indicates a clinical need to assess AD/HD symptoms in children with PDD.
Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with stroke, self-report and parent/proxy report: Cross sectional investigation
Authors: Neuner B. , von Mackensen S. , Friedfeld S. , DeVeber G. , Nowak-Göttl U.
Published: May 2011

Background

Aim of the present study was to assess health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) by self and proxy-parent assessment in children and adolescents who survived a first stroke episode.

Methods

We investigated HR-QoL in 133 pediatric stroke survivors (71 preschool children (G1) aged 4 to < 8 years and 62 school children/adolescents (G2) aged 8 to 21 years) and in 169 healthy controls aged 4 – 16 years. HR-QoL was assessed with the generic KINDL-R questionnaire exploring overall well-being and 6 sub-dimensions (physical well-being, psychological well-being, self-esteem, family-related well-being, friend-related well-being, and school-related well-being. Proxy-parent reports explored overall well-being and sub-dimensions. Results were compared within groups between cases and controls. In pediatric stroke survivors the neurological long-term outcome was measured with the standardized Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure.

Results

65% of stroke survivors exhibited at least one motor-sensor/cognitive disability. G1 and G2 stroke survivors reported lower overall well-being compared with healthy controls. In G2 stroke survivors, friend-related well-being was significantly reduced compared with healthy controls, 85.0 vs. 73.0 points, p < 0.001. Parents/proxys of both G1 and G2 stroke survivors rated the overall well-being and all sub-dimensions (except family-related and school-related well-being and in G1 stroke survivors physical functioning) lower compared with parent/proxys of healthy children/adolescents.

Inpretation

Our results suggest that the KINDL-R questionnaire is a useful tool in the assessment of HR-QoL in pediatric stroke survivors. Compared with healthy controls, all pediatric/adolescent stroke survivors are strongly affected regarding their overall well-being and older children/adolescents regarding their well-being with peers.
P01-331-Family functioning of adolescents with a major depressive disorder – a comparative study
Authors: Perereira M.L. , Nunes Peçanha D.L. , Santos Bordin I.A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Psychiatric disorders occur in a complex context of human relations in its social and psychological aspects. Family functioning is closely related to physical and psychological well-being of family members and its impairment affects the family as a whole.

Objectives

To evaluate family functioning in two groups of adolescents (13–18 years): cases (with major depressive disorder) and controls (with no DSM-IV psychiatric disorders based on the Brazilian version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime/K-SADS-PL).

Method

Families of cases (N = 9) and controls (N = 9) were matched by adolescent's age, gender and education, number and age of siblings, parental marital status and occupational activity, and family income. An experienced systemic family therapist applied the Structured Family Interview to each family. Nine dimensions of family functioning were evaluated: communication, rules, roles, leadership, conflict, aggressiveness, affect, individuation and integration. Session transcripts were independently evaluated by two other systemic family therapists blind to the family case-control category.

Results

Raters scored all interview items using a standardized coding system (overall agreement = 83.5%). Cases exhibited lower mean scores in seven family dimensions, specially affect (p = 0.0078). Differences were not found regarding rules and leadership.

Conclusion

Difficulty in expressing affect in parent-child relationships was the main characteristic of families with a depressive adolescent. Improvement of family functioning can contribute to minimize the negative influence of psychosocial and family factors on the reoccurrence, and severity of depressive episodes among depressed adolescents.
P01-339-Comparing of psychiatric co- morbidity disorders in primary school students with adhd subtypes (attention deficit, hyperactivity, combined) in academic year of 2009–2010 in arak-iran
Authors: Salehi B.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

ADHD is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children.

Objective

ADHD have co-morbidity with many other psychiatric disorders.

Aims

Aim of this study was Comparing of prevalence of three subtypes of ADHD with psychiatric co- morbidity in primary school students of Arak-Iran.

Methods

This study was a descriptive analytic, cross- sectional one, which carried on 2000 (960 girls and 1040 boys) primary school students in 1st state of Arak in academic year of 2009–2010, which screened by Intelligence Raiven scale and 48 Canner’s questionnaire (parents and teachers)and if there were existed of any subtypes of ADHD, we have done K-SADS-E questionnaire (Schedule for Affective disorder and Schizophrenia -epidemiological version)for them, data were analyzed by using descriptive- statistical methods and Logistic- regression for obtaining R. R.

Results

2.3, 3.5 and 2.7 percent of children have one of the subtypes of ADHD. The findings showed that prevalence of hyperactivity and attention deficit subtypes decreased while combined type increased by increased age. The prevalence of two subtypes of hyperactivity and attention deficit in boys and girls were not significantly different but combined type was significantly different. Finally, there were differences between ADHD subtypes and co- morbidity of psychiatric disorders such as conduct, depressive, enuresis, schizophrenia, oppositional, obsessive- compulsive, mania and social phobia, but these differences were not significant between girls and boys.

Conclusions

Prevalence of subtypes of ADHD were different between age and gender but there were not significant differences between Co morbidity of ADHD subtypes and psychiatric disorders