bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of E-Book Teaching on the Motivation and Effectiveness of Learning Law by Using Data Mining Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shouzheng , Chen Jielei
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the motivation of learning law, compares the teaching effectiveness of two different teaching methods, e-book teaching and traditional teaching, and analyses the influence of e-book teaching on the effectiveness of law by using big data analysis. From the perspective of law student psychology, e-book teaching can attract students' attention, stimulate students' interest in learning, deepen knowledge impression while learning, expand knowledge, and ultimately improve the performance of practical assessment. With a small sample size, there may be some deficiencies in the research results' representativeness. To stimulate the learning motivation of law as well as some other theoretical disciplines in colleges and universities has particular referential significance and provides ideas for the reform of teaching mode at colleges and universities. This paper uses a decision tree algorithm in data mining for the analysis and finds out the influencing factors of law students' learning motivation and effectiveness in the learning process from students' perspective.
A Study on Fraud Prevention and Detection Methods in Sri Lanka
Authors: Peiris G. K. H. , Aruppala W. D. N.
Published: December 2021

Forensic accounting is emerging area in countries like Sri Lanka even though it came up many years ago. Corporate frauds have been increasing worldwide, emphasizing the needfulness of forensic accounting and it has become a great opportunity for accountants and other professionals to think beyond the traditional framework. This study examines the perception of accounting professionals regarding the occupational fraud prevention and detection methods and software used in Sri Lanka. The survey was conducted using hundred accounting professionals of Sri Lanka. The results reveal that password protection, external audits, bank reconciliations and internal control review are quite common in use while bank reconciliation, cash review and password protection are also highly employed methods to detect occupational frauds. However, fraud hotline, forensic auditing and forensic accountants are identified as the least used methods. Further, filtering software, virus protection and firewalls could be identified as the commonly used fraud prevention and detection software used in Sri Lankan context. Implementation of effective fraud preventing and detecting methods, software is highly recommended on preventing and detecting corporate frauds in Sri Lanka.
A middle-aged lady with near-fatal respiratory failure
Authors: Sheth Pankti , Chakrabarti Shibdas , Gupta Neeraj Kumar , Ish Pranav , Kumar Rohit , Gupta Nitesh
Published: December 2021

Tuberculosis is an uncommon cause of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We present a case of a middle-aged women with near-fatal respiratory failure due to underlying tuberculosis with favorable clinical recovery. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative to prevent morbidity, mortality, and disease transmission.
Predicting COVID-19 fatality rate based on age group using LSTM
Authors: Ramezani Zahra , Mousavi Seyed Abbas , Oveis Ghasem , Parsai Mohammad Reza , Abdollahi Fatemeh , Charati Jamshid Yazdani
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To predict the daily incidence and fatality rates based on long short-term memory (LSTM) in 4 age groups of COVID-19 patients in Mazandaran Province, Iran.

Methods:

To predict the daily incidence and fatality rates by age groups, this epidemiological study was conducted based on the LSTM model. All data of COVID-19 disease were collected daily for training the LSTM model from February 22, 2020 to April 10, 2021 in the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. We defined 4 age groups, i.e., patients under 29, between 30 and 49, between 50 and 59, and over 60 years old. Then, LSTM models were applied to predict the trend of daily incidence and fatality rates from 14 to 40 days in different age groups. The results of different methods were compared with each other.

Results:

This study evaluated 5 0826 patients and 5 109 deaths with COVID-19 daily in 20 cities of Mazandaran Province. Among the patients, 25 240 were females (49.7%), and 25 586 were males (50.3%). The predicted daily incidence rates on April 11, 2021 were 91.76, 155.84, 150.03, and 325.99 per 100 000 people, respectively; for the fourteenth day April 24, 2021, the predicted daily incidence rates were 35.91, 92.90, 83.74, and 225.68 in each group per 100 000 people. Furthermore, the predicted average daily incidence rates in 40 days for the 4 age groups were 34.25, 95.68, 76.43, and 210.80 per 100 000 people, and the daily fatality rates were 8.38, 4.18, 3.40, 22.53 per 100 000 people according to the established LSTM model. The findings demonstrated the daily incidence and fatality rates of 417.16 and 38.49 per 100 000 people for all age groups over the next 40 days.

Conclusions:

The results highlighted the proper performance of the LSTM model for predicting the daily incidence and fatality rates. It can clarify the path of spread or decline of the COVID-19 outbreak and the priority of vaccination in age groups.
Prevalence of dental anomalies in different cleft lip and palate groups
Authors: Somani Ritu Sanjaykumar , Patel Dolly , Jain Mahesh
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Patients with orofacial clefts are usually associated with various dental anomalies. These dental aberrations pose a clinical challenge in treatment planning. Thus, this investigation intends to find the prevalence rate of different types of dental anomalies and their correlation among nonsyndromic cleft patients.

Methodology:

Orthodontic records of 129 cleft patients classified into different cleft groups were assessed to evaluate the presence of different dental anomalies.

Results:

The most frequent dental anomaly found in Cleft patients was rotations followed by maxillary lateral incisor agenesis with a prevalence rate of 90.4% and 59.2%, respectively. Maxillary second premolar agenesis, peg-shaped laterals, mandibular second premolar agenesis, and supernumerary teeth showed prevalence rates as 25%, 21%, 7%, and 5%, respectively. There were significant differences in the overall distribution of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and rotations between patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate, Bilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate, Cleft Lip (CL), and Isolated Cleft Palate (ICP).

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of dental anomalies like rotations and maxillary lateral incisor agenesis in different CL and palate patients, which were statistically significant. The presence of such anomalies can deteriorate the already existing functional problem and hence, the study of these anomalies and their treatment is an important step in the rehabilitation of such patients.
Van der Woude syndrome
Authors: Livesey Helen , Iroegbu Uchechika , Balasubramanian Meena
Published: December 2021

Orofacial clefts are common birth defects and Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common form of orofacial cleft syndrome, accounting for approximately 2% of patients with a cleft.[1,2] The cardinal features of VWS are lower lip pits associated with cleft lip and/or palate.[2-4] Lip pits are reported to occur in over 80% of individuals with VWS.[2] Most reported cases of VWS have been linked to chromosome 1q32-q41.[5-7] The interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene, which is located at 1q32-p41 region, has been implicated in several studies.[2,8] There are over 300 IRF6 variants that have been identified in patients with VWS, with approximately 50% of these being missense variants.[9] This paper describes a 7.5-year-old male patient that is heterozygous for a missense variant in C.101A >C p.(Lys34Thr) which is likely to be pathogenic.[9] This patient has the cardinal features for VWS but also has duodenal atresia. Neither the truncating variant identified in this patient nor other variants associated with VWS have been previously linked to duodenal atresia.
Assessment of mandibular symmetry in cleft lip and cleft palate patients
Authors: Prasad Veerendra , Moungkhom Priyawati , Singh Arun Kumar , Mishra Brijesh , Upadhyay Divya Narain
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate cleft patients, both unilateral and bilateral clefts and compare them with Skeletal base Class I patients for symmetry using orthopantomogram.

Materials and Methods:

Three groups of patients within age range of 15–25 years: Group I – Normal participants (mean age = 18.33 ± 2.84); Group II – Unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate participants (mean age = 18.74 ± 3.36); and Group III – Bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate participants (mean age = 17.64 ± 3.10) were assessed and compared to each other. Orthopantomogram was analyzed for vertical symmetry. Habets asymmetry index and the Kjellgren's asymmetry index were applied to assess the relative intensity of asymmetry.

Results:

Significant difference was seen in condylar height (P = 0.029), ramal height (P = 0.046), mandibular body length (P = 0.014), gonial angle (P = 0.035) and condylion–gonian distance (P = 0.044). Kjellberg's symmetry index/condylar ratio was maximally affected by the groups when compared with the Habets asymmetry index.

Conclusion:

Mandibular asymmetry has been expressed in unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) group. Normal group and bilateral CLP group indicated a symmetrical posterior vertical height of the mandible.
Presurgical infant Orthopedics
Authors: Batra Puneet , Datana Sanjeev , Arora Anika
Published: December 2021

The cleft lip and palate (CLP) anomaly involves treatment right from birth till adulthood. A lot of treatment modalities are also time and age sensitive, that if not performed at the correct time, the results are sub-optimal or compromised. One such treatment modality is Presurgical Infant Orthopaedics (PSIO) which is among the first corrective and therapeutic procedures performed in the infants with CLP anomaly. The role of an orthodontist is pivotal in guiding the two cleft segments into a relatively normal position before the surgical repair is performed. Over the course of history, this procedure has seen many modifications, arguments over its utility, and counter arguments of the potential harms. The present articles shed light over the initial inception of the procedure, its development and improvement, long-term changes seen in the patients treated with PSIO technique, and finally the latest advancements in technique.
Nasal deformity correction with nasal prosthesis
Authors: Sahu Megha , Karkar Monal , Subramaniam Vaibhav Rama , Reddy Gosla Srinivas
Published: December 2021

Nasal deformities can vary in the form of severity. Several different factors such as congenital, burn and traumatic nasal fractures or soft-tissue injury/loss, neoplastic: defects resulting from surgery for the treatment of cancers causing compromise the structural architecture and functional framework of the nose. This case report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of two female patients, one who was reported with congenital arrhinia and another one who had accidental electrical burns of the face. The surgeon's team as well as the maxillofacial prosthetics team discussed the treatment options with the parents and decided to rehabilitate with a nasal prosthesis. This clinical report is imparting an accessible and economic method for prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient.
Geriatric care in pandemic era
Authors: Ahmer S. M. , Amin M. M. Wamiq , Fahad Ataullah
Published: December 2021

Background:

Elderly people are at a greater risk of developing COVID-19. They are facing the most challenges during the pandemic era because of preexisting medical conditions (such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, or neoplasm). As per the first longitudinal aging study (LASI) in India released by the Union Ministry of Family and Health Welfare on 6 January 2020, two out of every three senior citizens in India are suffering from some chronic diseases. Considering the fact that the elderly are at a higher risk of serious complications and mortality with COVID-19, dietotherapy and other regimenal therapy guidelines described by Unani physicians can possibly play a significant interventional role against COVID-19 by improving the general body condition.

Aim of Study:

The primary aim of this review paper is to organize all reliable literary resources in Unani medicine regarding geriatric care to make geriatric age groups safe and secure during this pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

This review study of geriatric care was carried out with the aid of the Unani classical textbooks and the research updates on geriatric care, aging, dietotherapy, and regimenal therapy that were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Observation and Results:

The information given by Unani physicians in ancient times has proved to be very useful and authentic to overcome this pandemic. In today's research, modern theories and inventions also validate and accept the relevance of all the recommendations or practices given by Unani physicians.

Conclusion:

This entire article focuses on the recommendations of Unani medicine for geriatric care. Dietotherapy and other regimenal therapy described in this article can possibly play a significant interventional role against COVID-19 by improving the general body condition.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of leaf decoction of Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. in Charles Foster albino rats
Authors: Gupta Shashi , Acharya Rabinarayan , Nariya Mukesh B.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Bhuidumri, distinctive of the folklore floras of Odisha, is recognized as Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm., family Moraceae. The leaves of Bhuidumri are recounted for their traditional usage and they are used to treat jaundice, stomach ailments, wound, indigestion, liver ailment, and skin diseases. The present research article aims at exploring the hepatoprotective activity of leaf decoction of F. semicordata in Charles Foster albino rats.

Materials and Methods:

The dried leaves of F. semicordata were prepared into powder, and the decoction (kwatha) form was used in accordance with the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. The hepatoprotective activity of a trial drug (4.5 mL/kg, po) was assessed against thioacetamide-persuaded hepatotoxicity in Charles Foster albino rats. Silymarin (100 mg/kg, po) was used as a reference standard drug in a positive control group.

Results:

Thioacetamide-treated rats revealed a nonsignificant increase in SGPT (665.00 ± 298.96) and SGOT (1196.67 ± 540.38) in comparison with the normal control group. The F. semicordata kwatha-treated group revealed a nonsignificant increase in SGPT (1091.80 ± 558.23) and SGOT (2652.00 ± 944.83) in comparison with the thioacetamide control group. Sylimarin revealed a nonsignificant decrease in SGPT (110.80 ± 20.62) and SGOT (425.60 ± 157.74) in comparison with the thioacetamide control group. Microscopic examination of liver sections from normal control rats exhibited normal cytoarchitecture; thioacetamide-administered rats and F. semicordata kwatha-treated group with thioacetamide showed severe centrilobular necrosis and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltration, multifocal Grade [3]. The reference standard group-treated groups showed mild necrosis and PMN infiltration with fatty changes, Grade [1].

Conclusion:

F. semicordata leaf kwatha is nonhepatoprotective on thioacetamide-induced liver toxicity in rats at the given dose and dosage form.
Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Alam Rubaiyat , Fathema Kaniz , Hassan Md. Nazmul , Ahmed Mizu , Hasan Md. Shariful
Published: December 2021

Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a genetically and phenotypically unique entity from adult-onset or older pediatric IBD and a growing subset of IBD. In most cases, a child with VEO-IBD presents with similar manifestations like an older patient with IBD, but some may present with a highly aggressive course and some cases may present with features of immunodeficiency. It differs from adult-onset IBD in many aspects such as disease behavior, location of the disease, and disease type and mostly occurs due to genetic causes. Next-generation genome sequencing could be an important tool for diagnosing genetic defects, especially in children with VEO-IBD disease. Most of the children with VEO-IBD do not comply with conventional therapy, and they ultimately need early immunosuppressive therapy that may grossly affect the child growth and development and also may possess long-term risks of cancer and opportunistic infections.
Non-compliance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Chowdhury Md. Murad , Datta Amit Kumar , Hossain Modasseer M. , Jesmin Tahmina , Mamun Abdullah Al , Sharmim Mst. Shanjida
Published: December 2021

Background:

Non-compliance to medications and health advice significantly impact care of patients as well as impose financial burden in nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients.

Aim:

The aim of this article is to determine the cause and consequence of non-compliance in NS patients.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was conducted between March 2020 and February 2021 in the department of Pediatric Nephrology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Seventy-seven NS patients were recruited randomly. In-person interviews were conducted with attendents of patients, along with patients if possible. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records. Residence, financial constraints, educational status, health advices (daily bed side urine test), relapses of disease, different types of immunosuppressive medications, etc. were provided for the cause of non-compliance. Consequences of non-compliance were observed through the experience of relapses, asthma attack or infection, and drug toxicity. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

Results:

A total of 77 patients were analyzed and among them 74.02% were non-compliant and 25.98% were compliant. Among the non-compliant patients, non-compliance to asthma medication, prednisolone, second-line immunosuppressive drugs, and third-line immunosuppressive drugs were 43.87%, 31.57%, 14.03%, and 10.53%, respectively. About 56.14% of the patients did not do bed side urine for albumin (BSUA). Remote location (63.15%), financial constraints (36.84%), low parental education (35.09%), ignorance (17.54%), and undetermined cause (17.50%) were observed as main contributing factors for non-compliance. Among study populations, 77.19% experienced more relapses in comparison to compliance (10%). Non-compliant patients experienced more asthma attack (70.17%, 40/57), pneumonia (63.2%), and steroid toxicity (36.8%) in comparison to the compliance group (45%, 36.8%, and 10%, respectively). About 31.57% of the non-compliant group had spent 30,000–70,000 taka in comparison to 5% in the compliance group and it was statistically significant (P = 0.031).

Conclusion:

Poor compliance to medications and health-related advices have diverse effects including frequent relapse, drug toxicity, higher rates of complications and hence increased healthcare cost. Remote location, ignorance, and idiopathic causes were major contributing factors behind non-compliance issue. Appropriate counseling might change this prevailing non-compliance scenario in future.
Current trends in consumption of smokeless tobacco products among women in selected rural areas - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Agrawal Chaitali , Patel Brijesh A. , Patel Milli , Sharma Pallavi , Fanda Komal , Kumar Anand , Yadav Nirma
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this cross-sectional analytical study was to evaluate the impact of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products' consumption on women's health in the selected rural areas.

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional rural-field area-based study in which randomly selected 500 women were asked to participate, out of which 205 women (who have completed 27 years of age with two pregnancies in life time) were selected and given a self-administered pretested in propria persona questionnaire using an objective sampling technique in 3 months. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version-22 was used to analyze the data presented in a graphical and tabular format.

Results:

Among the 205 respondents, majority (73.17%) were homemakers, while 26.35% were service holders. According to the findings, SLT with betel quid has been used by 52.6% of rural women for more than 5 years. In addition, during the past 5 years, 36.6%, 48.4%, and 38.8% of SLT used tobacco zarda, plain tobacco, and khaini. 40% of the respondents said that they use SLT for the pleasure of it. There was a significant association between occupation and regular use of SLT (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Finally, despite the severe effects and consequences of using SLT, the general people, particularly women in rural areas, are unaware of its negative consequences, and its use remains unrestricted today, which is unfortunate. Approximately 63% of users were homemakers, according to this cross-sectional survey. To limit the use of SLT, a very robust comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system must be implemented at both national and international levels. Finally, it was discovered that rural women predominantly use SLT made from betel leaves, which is hazardous to both general and oral health.
The impact of the method of presenting instructions of postoperative care on the quality of life after simple tooth extraction
Authors: Alsahafi Yaser Abdulaziz M. , Alolayan Albraa Badr , Alraddadi Wejdan , Alamri Amna , Aljadani Maryam , Alenazi Meshal , Elsayed Shadia Abdel-Hameed
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The extraction of teeth is a common dental treatment. Healing complications have been reported to be influenced by patients' knowledge and compliance with postoperative instructions.

Aim:

The goal of the study was to define the influence of the way postoperative instructions delivering method on reducing morbidity and problems experienced after simple tooth extraction.

Materials and Methods:

A single-blind randomized clinical trial was designed at clinics of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Taibah University. Patients were distributed to two classes on a random basis. The first group was provided only with verbal instructions (VI) after dental extraction. The second group was given written and verbal (CVWI) instructions. Postoperative pain, swelling, sleep impairment, oral functions, and general activity were reported using an assessment tool for oral health life quality (OHQ).

Results and Discussion:

The mean OHQ scores were 14.28 ± 6.36 for VI and 13.46 ± 5.78 for CVWI, which did not indicate a statistical difference (P = 0.50). Of the 100 participants, 51% were mildly affected, whereas 22% were severely affected. Females constituted 51% of the study participants. There was a statistically significant difference between females' mean score values compared to males (15.78 ± 4.5–11.88 ± 6.5) with P = 0.001. About 56% of the participants were nonSaudis and 33% hold a high-school diploma.

Conclusions:

There was no difference between the two approaches used to present the postoperative instruction in the postextraction OHQ. Following tooth extraction, female patients experience a significantly greater decline in their OHQ. Translation of written postoperative instructions in more than one language should be available in our institution to improve OHQ during the postextraction period.
Dental students' perceptions and academic performance in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course delivered remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alfallaj Hayam , Alkadhi Ruba , Shaheen Naila
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The quarantine, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, forced dental schools globally to change to distant learning methods which include viewing previously recorded lectures or attending online virtual classes.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of three methods of teaching: Online interactive virtual classes, recorded lectures, and real-life classroom lectures on the academic performance of dental students. The second aim was to evaluate the students' perceptions of the two remote teaching methods as a substitute for traditional classroom lectures.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted with the second-year dental students at the College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, during the spring semester of 2020. The last six lectures of a Preclinical Fixed Prosthodontics course were delivered remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The students' performance in these lectures was compared to their performance in the first nine lectures of the course delivered traditionally before the quarantine period. An online survey was distributed to the students at the end of the course with questions about their perceptions regarding the different teaching methods used to deliver the didactic component of the course.

Results and Discussion:

The performance of 104 students (56 males and 48 females) was assessed through the number of correct responses for each teaching method. The percentage of students who responded correctly to all the questions was 44% for the classroom lecture format, 75% in the interactive virtual class format, and 78% in the recorded lecture format. The response rate to the online survey was 87.5%. The majority of the students (78%) indicated that the interactive virtual classes were an effective learning method. The perception about viewing recorded material was also positive as 83% of the students agreed that it is an adequate learning method when the classroom lectures were canceled. Nevertheless, only 43% indicated that recorded material could be used as a substitute for classroom attendance.

Conclusion:

The students' performance in the lectures taught remotely in interactive virtual classes or by viewing recorded lectures was both effective and comparable to traditional classroom lectures. The dental students were generally satisfied with the remote online education.
Conservative management of odontogenic keratocyst by marsupialization
Authors: Al-Juhni Adel M. , Al-Omar Ahmad F. , Muaadi Hasan A. , Al-Anazi Anwar M.
Published: December 2021

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a locally aggressive intraosseous tumor of odontogenic origin, associated with syndromes such as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Also known as Gorlin syndrome, it is an autosomal dominant inherited condition. The disease is characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas of the skin, multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors, rib anomalies, and palmar and plantar pits. This article reviews a 3-year follow-up case that we have reported in the Dental University Hospital OMFS clinic at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The patient was a 13-year-old female that has been diagnosed with Gorlin–Goltz syndrome in 2018. She had multiple radiolucent lesions, two mandibular OKC, and maxillary dentigerous cyst. The extensive left OKC was treated with marsupialization followed by enucleation. Optimal results with low recurrence rate have been shown after using the marsupialization followed by enucleation and curettage, which agree with the present case results. Unfortunately, there is no gold standard or concrete recommendations that emphasize particular treatment modality. Nevertheless, this approach is considered effective and less invasive in treating OKCs, reducing the lesion size by drainage and decompression up to 47% of the initial size, allowing the preservation of critical anatomical structures. Furthermore, marsupialization prior to enucleation is an appropriate approach in young patients because it is the least treatment modality that interferes with the developmental process of jaws.
Prevalence and characteristics of mandibular divergency in class III patients
Authors: Tashkandi Nada Esam , Alshanbari Sara Saad , Almutairi Nasser N. , Al Hawsawi Abdullah Ali , Abuabah Abdulaziz Ahmed , Alanazi Abdulelah A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The classical skeletal divisions of orthodontic patients are the Angle's classification of Classes I, II, and III and of mandibular inclination into normo-, hypo-, or hyperdivergent. Of these classifications, Class III and hyperdivergent are the least studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and relationship between Class III and hyperdivergency.

Materials and Methods:

Lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class III patients were collected from Riyadh Elm University and were traced by WebCephTM software and measured for 16 linear and angular measurements to determine anteroposterior, vertical, and dental associations. To determine the anteroposterior relationships, Sella-Nasion to A point Angle, Sella-Nasion to B point Angle, A point to B point Angle, and Wits appraisal were used. Class III status was determined by utilizing (A point to B point Angle <1) and (Wits appraisal <−2.5). The vertical divergency pattern was considered according to normal Frankfort horizontal plane and mandibular plane (FMA) (22°–28°) and SN-GoMe: Sella-Nasion to Mandibular plane (27°–36°) measurements. The dental correlation was considered according to upper incisor to maxillary plane (U1-Mx) and lower incisor to mandibular plane angle. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 25) software.

Results and Conclusions:

One hundred and twenty-five Class III patients were included in the final analysis of this study. A significant correlation at 0.650 was discovered between ANB and Wits analyses (<0.001). Subjects data was grouped, based on their mandibular divergency, into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent. The distribution, regardless of measurement used, was significantly higher in the prevalence of hyperdivergents (FMA 46.4% and SNGoMe 56%) over hypo- and normodivergents. Although FMA and SNGoMe were positively correlated at 0.887, there were significant differences in their classification of divergency with higher levels of hyperdivergency with SNGoMe.
Nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanoma
Authors: Sung Wei-Wen , Chang Chung-Hsing
Published: December 2021

Melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanoma are all derived from the pigment-producing cells, namely melanocytes. Concerning the clinical spectrum, cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with a low survival rate, while nevi are the most common benign lesions in the general population, and dysplastic nevi place in between nevi and melanoma. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a well-recognized extrinsic risk factor for all three. BRAFV600E is a well-recognized driver mutation that activates the RAS-BRAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway among 40%–60% of melanoma cases. Interestingly, BRAFV600E mutation is detected even more in acquired nevi, approximately 80%. However, in nevi, several tumor suppressors such as p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are intact, and senescence factors, including p15INK4b, p16INK4a, p19, and senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase, are expressed, leading to cell senescence and cell cycle arrest. Although loss of p53 function is rarely found in melanoma, decreased or loss of PTEN with an activated PI3k/Akt signaling pathway is common in nevi, which may abolish senescence status and allow further progression into dysplastic nevi or melanoma. At present, mouse models closely resembling human nevi are used for investigating these phenomena. Melanocortin 1 receptor deficiency, an intrinsic risk factor for melanomagenesis, is related to the production of procarcinogenic pheomelanin and the inhibition of PTEN function. Immune response escape via programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 interaction plays further roles in monitoring the spectrum. Here, we review the current literature on the molecular and immune mechanisms involving the transition from benign nevi to malignant melanoma.
Immediately loaded implant retained mandibular overdenture in controlled diabetic patients
Authors: Mostafa Tamer M.N. , Borg Hesham S. , Alam-Eldein Ahmed M.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

This cohort study was carried out to evaluate dental implants retained overdenture in controlled type II diabetic patients after 5 years of immediate loading.

Patients and methods

Thirty completely edentulous patients (18 men and 12 women) with a mean age of 62 years old were included in this study. For each patient, two immediately loaded implants were inserted at the interforaminal region with ball and socket attachments to retained mandibular overdenture. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at baseline (overdenture insertion) and after 6 months, 1, 3, and 5 years after loading. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance test.

Results

The cumulative implant success rate at 5 years was 100%. There was no statistically significant difference along the time intervals (P ≥ 0.05). Marginal bone loss was 0.796 ± 0.187 after 5 years of function. No complications or implant failure were reported.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study concerning small sample size, age range and the value of glycosylated hemoglobin test, dental implants can be immediately loaded successfully to retain overdentures in type II diabetic edentulous patients.
Sociolingvistični posvet: aktualni sociolingvistični izzivi in prednostne raziskovalne tematike
Authors: Bitenc Maja , Stabej Marko , Gliha Komac Nataša , Grgič Matejka , Kalin Golob Monika , Kenda-Jež Karmen , Nećak Lük Albina , Novak Lukanovič Sonja , Savski Krištof
Published: December 2021

Zapis posveta o aktualnih sociolingvističnih izzivih in prednostnih raziskovalnih tematikah, ki sta ga organizirala doc. dr. Maja Bitenc in red. prof. dr. Marko Stabej z Oddelka za slovenistiko in je potekal v ponedeljek, 27. 9. 2021, na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani in s prenosom preko Zooma. V prvem delu so vabljene strokovnjakinje in strokovnjaki predstavili svoje poglede ob izhodiščnih vprašanjih, v drugem je sledila razprava vseh sodelujočih. Zapis posnetka so govornice in govorniki uredili po lastni presoji, načeloma s čim manj intervencijami, iz razprave pa so za branje prilagojene in objavljene vsebinsko tehtnejše replike.
Evaluating Freight Forwarders in the Air Cargo Industry
Authors: Kiziltas Elif B. , Sener Zeynep , Dursun Mehtap
Published: December 2021

Freight forwarders are of great importance in the air cargo industry. As the cargo revenue constitutes an important source for airline companies, the evaluation of freight forwarders is vital for airlines’ success. This study employs DEMATEL method in order to prioritize the determined criteria for evaluating freight forwarders from the point of view of an airline. The calculated importance weights are used in an illustrative problem where the ranking of freight forwarders are obtained by employing the simple additive weighting method.
Determinants of Tourism Demand in Croatia
Authors: Pervan Maja , Jurić Ena
Published: December 2021

Due to its significant contribution to the prosperity and growth of economies, tourism industry has always been the one that attracted the attention of many practitioners and researchers who have tried in different ways and from different aspects to identify the key variables that determine tourism demand. The importance of tourism is especially evident in Croatia for which the contribution of travel and tourism industry to GDP and total economy employment amounts 25% and 25.1% respectively. Having in mind the importance and the role that tourism has, the main objective of this research is to examine the influence of different factors on tourism demand for Croatia. The analysis is conducted on the sample of 16 countries of origin and 9 competitor countries during the period 2012-2019 with the application of dynamic panel data model. All variables encompassed in the model i.e., price, income, corruption, terrorism and investments, show statistically significant influence on tourist arrivals in Croatia.
Diskursus Influencer Kristen Dalam Misi Dan Penginjilan Kepada Native Digital
Authors: Gultom Joni Manumpak Parulian
Published: December 2021

Kemajuan dunia virtual telah membentuk generasi native digital lepas kontrol, tanpa hambatan dan saling terkoneksi. Dunia tersajikan bebas, tanpa makna dan seperti tanpa Tuhan. Penggunaan teknologi media setiap hari selama tiga jam 14 menit dapat memberikan dampak buruk seperti stress, depresi, dan pergeseran yang besar dalam dunia rohani. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana solusi masalah kerohanian native digital di saat gereja dengan segala bentuk praktek pelayanan mereka tidak lagi diminati? Bagaimanakah tindakan Influencer Kristen dalam penjangkauan native digital? Dan Misi dan Penginjilan seperti apa yang dapat dilakukan? Tujuan penelitian ini ; [1} influencer Kristen berperan maksimal sebagai perpanjangan pelayanan rohani.[2] Penghubung Gereja membawa generasi ini terkoneksi ke dalam gereja lokal. [3] Generasi digital ini diselamatkan. Metode penelitian pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi literature. Argument penelitian ini bahwa Influencer Kristen mempunyai peran sangat penting dalam misi dan penginjilan dalam menjangkau Native Digital. Beberapa langkah [1] influencer Kristen memasuki ruang media dalam konten pelayanan rohani. [2] Penggunaan tingkat fleksibilitas tinggi dalam konten misi dan penginjilan. [3] Komunikasi Verbal  dan Apologetika Kristen yang berkualitas. Diharapkan lewat penelitian ini (1) influencer Kristen baru bermunculan dengan konten konten rohani, (2) terjadi pertobatan dan pemulihan diri generasi digital, (3) influencer Kristen terintegrasi dengan gereja lokal.
COVID-19 AND EDUCATION OF MASS COMMUNICATION:
Authors: Abbas Saleem , Jabeen Firasat , Tahir Huma
Published: December 2021

The sudden closure of educational institutions in 2020  brought multiple financial and learning challenges for Pakistani female students. In our experience, not only formal and informal learning realms of female students have been affected in the post pandemic educational landscape, but a distinct gender and digital divide (GDD) is also noticeable between technology-equipped and deprived students. Considering the theoretical perspectives of digital divide, this paper will essentially explicate the chasms existing within female students of Mass Communication in Pakistan. 

Given Pakistan’s conservative and patriarchal culture, it is very important to study how female students of Mass Communication, from both urban and rural areas, responded to the change after the pandemic. Through in-depth interviews of twenty female students, we argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated already existing GDD in Pakistani educational landscape. Especially the first order GDD in education can be seen frequently in Pakistani rural locations. Moreover, economic limitations and socio-cultural norms also play an essential role in exacerbating second order GDD in the Mass Communication education. Thus, in this sense, the pandemic has brought a change that is charged with exclusion and disparity. Moreover, we argue that digital divide is a gendered concept for a periphery country such as Pakistan.
A Qualitative Analysis of Online Classes During Covid-19: Perspective of Female University Students
Authors: Ullah Farhat , Ahmad Shakeel , Ishaq Rashid
Published: December 2021

The intent of this research is to analyse female students’ perspective on online education in public sector universities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. To get a better understanding of these perceptions, the Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST) (Kohat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan), has been selected for this qualitative, exploratory, and interpretive study. The data for the study was analysed using the discourse analysis technique, and themes were extracted from the data. This analysis enabled us to delve into specific issues linked to female students’ experiences regarding online learning. This goal was achieved by relating access to and use of technological resources and the effectiveness of online classes. Keeping in view the application of online classes, both pros and cons are discussed as compared to face-to-face classes. The findings indicate the need to adapt and adjust the methodology’s implementation by taking into account not only its unique characteristics but also its merits and demerits. To sum up, incorporating such a technique into the educational environment may be justified if specialised training is obtained to maximise the potential of online classes.
Certificates and certification programmes for clinical excellence: A guide to international pharmacists
Authors: Karattuthodi Mohammed Salim , Thorakkattil Shabeer Ali , Parakkal Sainul Abideen , Karumbaru Kuzhiyil Ajmal , Subin Anitha Jose , Thahani
Published: December 2021

Pharmacy practice continues to evolve, and knowledge update is necessary to facilitate better and safer patient care. This article provides information about certificates and certification programmes hosted for international pharmacists to support their scope in advanced pharmacy practices. A pilot online survey to 59 pharmacists revealed preferences towards Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS), American Society of Health-system Pharmacists (ASHP) certificate, Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacy (SIDP) Antimicrobial stewardship certificate programmes, University of Florida pharmacy certificate programmes, and Medication therapy management programme (MTM) for their certification programme.  Grey literature and authentic websites of each programme were collected to provide information on each programme. This article serves as a guide for international pharmacists to know further information about certificates and certification programmes available to support them in advancing their practice.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF SHILAJEET VATI IN PRAMEHA PURVARUPA (PRE-DIABETIC STATE)
Authors: Dhiman Esha , Jha Neetu , Panda Pradip Kumar , Nayak Utkalini , Singh Vinod Chandra
Published: December 2021

Introduction- The incidence of Prameha is increasing rapidly because of changes in dietetic habits and lifestyle. If the Prameha Purvarupa (Pre-diabetic) clinical features are treated by formulation Shilajeet is recommended in Ayurvedic Classics, proven efficacious and widely practised in the management of Prameha (Diabetes). Materi- als and methods- 30 patients from OPD and IPD of Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Balangir, fulfilling the Subjective and Objective Parameters were registered for the clinical trial. After diagnosis, they were under trial with Ayurvedic formulation Shilajeet Vati treated in a dose of 2 Vati (500mg each) twice daily empty stomach, for a period of 30 days with Ushna Jala. The assessment of subjective and objective parameters was evaluated on the 10th, 20th and 30th day from the day of initiation of trial up to 30 days in order to find the efficacy of the trial by statistical paired ‘t’ test. Observation and results- The average percentage of improvement in subjective parame- ter Prabhuta Mutrata (quantity) 71.43%, Prabhuta Mutrata (frequency) 77.78%, Pipasa (increased thirst) 72.73%, Kshudha (excessive appetite) 72.22%, Kara-pada Daha (burning sensation in hand and feet) 73.81%,Kara-pada Suptata (numbness of hand and feet) 80%, Sweda Pravritti (excessive sweating) 83.33%, Mukha Sho- sha (dry mouth) 79.17%, Mukha Madhurya (sweetness in mouth) 77.78%, Sheeta Priyata (liking for cold things) 80% and Madhura Shukla Mutrata (sweetness in urine) 100% and in objective Parameter fasting plasma glucose 68.89%, postprandial glucose 81.11%, HbA1c 73.33%. It has been observed that the trial drug patients are highly significant (p<0.001) to reduce both Subjective and Objective parameters after 30 days of treatment. Discussion and Conclusion- Prameha is a Kapha Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi in which Meda is a Pradhana Dushya. The drug showed a potent Pramehahar effect which is evident from the reduction in the Subjective Parameter of Prameha and objective parameter of the levels of FBS, PPBS and HbA1c in patients. No side effect was noticed during the clinical study of Shilajeet Vati.
Keywords: Prameha, Diabetes, Shilajeet Vati.
MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS THROUGH ALTERNATE RECHANA AND SNEHANA NASYA - REPORT FROM A PILOT STUDY
Authors: T M Remya , A Binitha
Published: December 2021

Chronic sinusitis is the chronic inflammatory condition affecting the paranasal sinuses. It may be correlated to Dushta pratisyāya in Ayurveda, which is a Kapha predominant disease affecting jatṟuṛdhva bhāgā which needs teekshna virecana nasya for its management. Vāgbhaṭācārya opines that except for vātika rogas, nasya should be done as ekāhāntara (alternate day) i.e., with a gap of one day in between. But according to Cakṟadatta commentary, ekāhāntara nasya is to be done with virecana nasya and snehana nasya on alternate days. For virecana nasya, Tuḷasi patṟa svarasa (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) and for snehana nasya, Aṇutaila were selected. A patient aged 43 years diagnosed with adult rhinosinusitis diagnostic criteria was taken for the study and was given ekāhāntara nasya with Tuḷasi patṟa svarasa and Aṇutaila for 7 days. During follow up period Pathyākṣadhātṟyādi kaṣāya was given for 15 days. Samyak nasya lakṣaṇa and Event evaluation scales were assessed on each day of nasya and Scale for scoring of symptoms, Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and Visual Analogue Scale were assessed before trial, after trial and after follow up. After the course of treatment 100% improvement was found in the Scale for scoring of symptoms, Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and Visual Analogue Scale.
Keywords: Case report, Ekāhāntara (alternate day) nasya, Tuḷasipatṟasvarasa, Aṇutaila, Chronic sinusitis
PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MALATYADI TAILA
Authors: Chetana Yaramala , Ch. Sridurga
Published: December 2021

Analytical study of Ayurvedic preparations is the need of the present scientific era. Though the Ayurvedic drugs are time tested and have been used successfully in the management of various ailments it is now necessary to prove their quality, efficacy and safety to the scientific world through various modern analytical parameters. The Sneha Kalpa is par excellent to other dosage forms due to their wider advantages like increased absorption and extraction of fat-soluble active principles Sneha Kalpa is the only dosage form that can be administered conveniently both internally as well as externally. Malatyadi Taila is an important herbal formulation mentioned in Chakradutta for the management of the disease Darunaka.
Dandruff is an irritative disease of the scalp in which shedding of dead tissue from the scalp with itching sensation is the cardinal feature. It can be correlated to Darunaka the cardinal symptoms of the disease Darunaka are Kandu (itching), Kesha Chyuti (falling of hair), Swapa (abnormalities of touch sensation), Rukshata (roughness or
dryness of the skin) and Twak Sputana (breaking or cracking of the skin). Chakradutta has mentioned the application of Malatyadi Taila in the treatment of Darunaka. An attempt has been made in the present study to prepare Malatyadi Taila and standardise it through analytical parameters like organoleptic properties, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, loss on drying for developing standards. All the parameters were found to be good and within the standards.
Keywords: analytical standardization, Malatyadi Taila, saponification value, HPTLC.