bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open-Source Optimization of Hybrid Monte Carlo Methods for Fast Response Modeling of NaI (Tl) and HPGe Gamma Detectors
Authors: Niichel Matthew , Chatzidakis Stylianos
Published: August 2024

Modeling the response of gamma detectors has long been a challenge within the nuclear community. Significant research has been conducted to digitally replicate instruments that can cost over USD 100,000 and are difficult to operate outside of a laboratory setting. The large cost and availability prevent some from making use of such equipment. Subsequently, there have been multiple attempts to create cost-effective codes that replicate the response of sodium-iodide and high-purity germanium detectors for data derivation related to gamma-ray interaction with matter. While robust programs do exist, they are often subject to export controls and/or they are not intuitive to use. Through the use of hybrid Monte Carlo methods, MATLAB can be used to produce a fast first-order response of various gamma-ray detectors. The combination of a graphical user interface with a numerical-based script allows for open-source and intuitive code. When benchmarked with experimental data from Co-60, Cs-137, and Na-22, the code can numerically calculate a response comparable to experimental and industry-standard response codes. Evidence supports both savings in computational requirements and the inclusion of an intuitive user experience that does not heavily compromise data when compared to other standard codes, such as MCNP and GADRAS, or experimental results. When the application is installed on a Dell Intel i7 computer with 16 cores, the average time to simulate the benchmarked isotopes is 0.26 s. Installation on an HP Intel i7 four-core machine runs the same isotopes in 1.63 s. The results indicate that simple gamma detectors can be modeled in an open-source format. The anticipation for the MATLAB application is to be a tool that can be easily accessible and provide datasets for use in an academic setting requiring gamma-ray detectors. Ultimately, this article provides evidence that hybrid Monte Carlo codes in an open-source format can benefit the nuclear community in both computational time and up-front cost for access.
A Combination of Transcriptome and Enzyme Activity Analysis Unveils Key Genes and Patterns of Corncob Lignocellulose Degradation by Auricularia heimuer under Cultivation Conditions
Authors: Fang Ming , Sun Xu , Yao Fangjie , Lu Lixin , Ma Xiaoxu , Shao Kaisheng , Kaimoyo Evans
Published: August 2024

The cultivation of Auricularia heimuer, a species of edible mushroom, heavily relies on the availability of wood resources serving as substrate for the growth of the species. To ensure the sustainable development of the A. heimuer industry and optimize the utilization of corncob as a substrate, this study sought to investigate the potential use of corncob as a substrate for the cultivation of A. heimuer. The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization of corncob lignocellulose by A. heimuer at the mycelium, primordium, and fruiting stages, by specifically examining the expression profiles of both carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and the transcriptome of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relevant to corncob biomass degradation. The results revealed 10,979, 10,630, and 11,061 DEGs at the mycelium, primordium, and fruiting stages, respectively, while 639 DGEs were identified as carbohydrate-active enzymes. Of particular interest were 46 differentially expressed CAZymes genes that were associated directly with lignocellulose degradation. Furthermore, the study found that A. heimuer exhibited adaptive changes that enabled it to effectively utilize the cellulose present in the corncob. These changes were observed primarily at the primordium and fruiting stages. Key genes involved in lignocellulose degradation were also identified, including g6952, g8349, g12487, and g2976 at the mycelium stage, g5775, g2857, g3018, and g11016 at the primordium stage, and g10290, g2857, g12385, g7656, and g8953 at the fruiting stage. This study found that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) played a crucial role in the degradation of corncob cellulose, further highlighting the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of lignocellulose biomass by A. heimuer. The study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of A. heimuer to degrade corncob biomass, with implications for the efficient utilization of lignocellulose resources. The findings from this study may facilitate the development of innovative biotechnologies for the transformation of corncob biomass into useful products.
Effect of E-Servicescape on Emotional Response and Revisit Intention in an Internet Shopping Mall
Authors: Li Zeyu , Tulcanaza-Prieto Ana Belén , Lee Chang Won
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore the effect of the e-servicescape on the emotional response and revisit intention of customers in an internet shopping mall (ISM) environment. The literature was reviewed on the e-servicescape, emotional response, and revisit intention in an internet shopping mall. A relevant model and hypothesis were established. For the empirical study, a survey form was developed and conducted on 150 customers with experience using a certain ISM. Reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using SPSS 27.0 and Amos 26.0 software, and the causal relationships were identified through structural equation modeling (SEM). Study results and implications were discussed and suggested. Among the factors of the e-servicescape in an ISM, aesthetics and surrounding elements did not have a significant effect on emotional responses, and spatial functionality showed a positive effect on emotional responses. Aesthetics had a weak negative effect on revisit intention. Surrounding elements and spatial functionality had no significant effect on revisit intention. The emotional response had a positive effect on revisit intention. This study identified the importance of the e-servicescape in the ISM environment and especially emphasized the importance of spatial functionality on the emotional response and aesthetics on revisit intention. This study presented several suggestions and implications to corporate managers regarding the development and management of the future ISM environment and other similar business settings.
Reimagining Relationships with Resources as a Public Garden: Case Studies of Longwood Gardens’ Sustainability and Stewardship Practices
Authors: Turner-Skoff Jessica B. , Johnson Lea R. , Stefferud Erik , Stratman Paul , Santos Kate
Published: August 2024

Longwood Gardens (Kennett Square, PA, USA) is working toward a future where the beauty of nature can be enjoyed by all through its sustainability and stewardship efforts. Using case studies highlighting water quality and conservation, carbon footprint reduction, material circularity, and land stewardship, this paper examines the multifaceted approach that Longwood takes to address its environmental impact. First, a description of Longwood’s innovative water quality and conservation strategies and their integration of green and gray infrastructure is described. Next, the paper explores the comprehensive measures adopted to curtail its carbon footprint, from energy-efficient infrastructure to renewable energy sources. Then, Longwood’s commitment to material circularity is investigated, showcasing initiatives that reuse organic materials and create necessary products for the Gardens onsite. Finally, the Gardens’ holistic land stewardship practices are detailed, including habitat preservation and biodiversity enhancement. The paper concludes with valuable findings learned from the organization’s sustainability and stewardship journey, offering insights applicable to other gardens or campuses seeking to improve their ecological impact while maintaining a commitment to esthetic and horticultural excellence.
Experimental Study on Vibration and Noise Reduction of Gear Transmission System Based on ISFD
Authors: Zhu Gang , He Lidong , Jia Xingyun , Tan Zhifu , Qin Qingwang
Published: August 2024

Gear transmission systems are widely used in ship propulsion systems, but, during operations, they produce serious vibration and noise problems, reducing the fatigue life of gears and affecting the performance of ships and the comfort of operators. Taking into account the complex frequencies and vibration components of gear transmission systems, this study conducted wide-band vibration suppression and noise reduction research on a gear transmission system using an integral squeeze film damper (ISFD), providing a novel approach for reducing vibration and noise in gear transmission systems. By conducting a simulation analysis and numerical calculations, the ISFD was analyzed via a static analysis and a dynamic analysis. We developed an experimental platform for reducing vibration and noise in gear transmission systems using sliding bearings, and the experiments were conducted under different speed and load conditions to study the vibration suppression and noise reduction of gears based on the ISFD. The experimental results show that the ISFD has good vibration suppression capabilities for gears at different speeds, with a horizontal vibration reduction of 75.44% and a vertical vibration reduction of 68.48% at 2400 r/min. The ISFD has wide-band vibration suppression capabilities, especially for mesh frequency and twice-mesh frequency, with a vibration reduction of 86.96% or more. Moreover, the ISFD has good vibration suppression capabilities for gears at different load torques, with a reduction of more than 35% in all directions. In addition, the ISFD also has noise reduction capabilities, reducing the gears’ noise by 1.92 dB at different speeds.
Manganese (III) Compounds Derived from R-Salicylaldoxime and 9-Anthracenecarboxylate Ligands: A Study of Their Synthesis and Structural, Magnetic, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Casanovas Berta , Vicente Ramon , Font-Bardía Mercè , El Fallah Mohamed Salah
Published: August 2024

The reaction of Mn(II) salts in the air with different R-salicylaldehyde oximes and the sodium or cesium salts of 9-anthracenecarboxylato (9-AC) allows for the isolation of new six polynuclear compounds: [Mn3NaO(salox)3(9-AC)2(EtOH)3H2O]n·2EtOH (1), [Mn3NaO(3-Me-salox)3(9-AC)2(EtOH)3H2O]n·EtOH (2), [Mn6O2(salox)6(9-AC)2(EtOH)2(H2O)2]·3EtOH (3), [Mn3O(3-Me-salox)3(9-AC)(EtOH)3(H2O)]·1.8EtOH·3H2O (4), [Mn6O2(Me-salox)6(9-AC)2(EtOH)4(H2O)2]·0.5H2O (5), and [Mn6O2(Et-salox)6(9-AC)2(EtOH)4(H2O)2]·3EtOH (6). H2salox is a salicylaldehyde oxime, H2(3-Me-salox) is a 3-methyl-salicylaldehyde oxime, H2Me-salox is a 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one oxime and a H2-Et-salox is 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one oxime. Structurally, compounds 1 and 2 consist of chains of trinuclear {MnIII3(μ3-O)(salox)3}+ units connected by Na+ ions. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 are hexanuclear units formed by two parallel trinuclear units {MnIII3(μ3-O)(salox)3}+ or {MnIII3(μ3-O)(Me-salox)3}+ planes related through an inversion center. Compound 4 consists of two isolated [Mn3O(3-Me-salox)3(9-AC)(EtOH)3(H2O)] trinuclear molecules in the unit cell showing crystallographic differences. Magnetic studies reveal a set of antiferromagnetic interactions in compounds 1 and 2 and a combination of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions in compounds 3, 5, and 6. In all cases, the magneto-structural correlation between the intramolecular MnIII-N-O-MnIII torsion angle and the magnetic exchange within these units have been confirmed. For compounds 5 and 6, ac magnetic measurements reveal the slow relaxation of magnetization with moderate energy barriers of 19.9 cm−1 and 31.1 cm−1, respectively. Absorbance and fluorescence measurements in solution show the transitions of the 9-anthracenecarboxylate chromophore for all the compounds.
Comparative Analysis of Muscle Activity and Circulatory Dynamics: A Crossover Study Using Leg Exercise Apparatus and Ergometer
Authors: Hirasawa Nobuhiro , Shimizu Yukiyo , Haginoya Ayumu , Soma Yuichiro , Watanabe Gaku , Takehara Kei , Tokeji Kayo , Mataki Yuki , Ishii Ryota , Hada Yasushi
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Bedridden patients are at a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Passive devices such as elastic compression stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression are common. Leg exercise apparatus (LEX) is an active device designed to prevent VTE by effectively contracting the soleus muscle and is therefore expected to be effective in preventing disuse of the lower limbs. However, few studies have been conducted on the kinematic properties of LEX. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the exercise characteristics of LEX with those of an ergometer, which is commonly used as a lower-limb exercise device, and examine its effect on the two domains of muscle activity and circulatory dynamics. Materials and Methods: This study used a crossover design in which each participant performed both exercises to evaluate the exercise characteristics of each device. Fifteen healthy adults performed exercises with LEX and an ergometer (Terasu Erugo, SDG Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for 5 min each and rested for 10 min after each exercise. Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography (Clinical DTS, Noraxon, Scottsdale, AZ, USA), and circulatory dynamics were recorded using a non-invasive impedance cardiac output meter (Physioflow Enduro, Manatec Biomedical, Paris, France). The primary outcome was the mean percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) of the soleus muscle during exercise. Results: The mean %MVC of the soleus muscle was significantly higher in the LEX group, whereas no significant differences were observed across the periods and sequences. Heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output increased during exercise and decreased thereafter; however, the differences between the devices were not significant. Conclusions: LEX may not only have a higher thromboprophylaxis effect, but also a higher effect on preventing muscle atrophy as a lower-extremity exercise device. Additionally, LEX could potentially be used safely in patients who need to be monitored for changes in circulatory dynamics.
Study on Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy Processed by LPBF
Authors: Ren Zhihao , Zhang Hao , Shu Xuedao , Xu Haijie , Chen Siyuan , Ding Yaoyao , Liang Liwen , Qiu Zixiang , Yang Yang , Zheng Yongjian
Published: August 2024

Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy processed via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is poised for significant application in aerospace, where its high-temperature capabilities are paramount for the safety and longevity of engineered structures. This study offers a systematic examination of the alloy’s high-temperature tensile properties in relation to its microstructure and precipitate phases, utilizing experimental approaches. The LPBF-processed Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy features a bimodal microstructure, with columnar grains in the melt pool’s interior and equiaxed grains along its boundary, conferring exceptional properties. The application of well-calibrated processing parameters has yielded an alloy with an impressive relative density of 99.8%, nearly fully dense. Following a thermal treatment of 350 °C for 4 h, the specimens were subjected to tensile tests at both room and elevated temperatures. The data reveal that the specimens exhibit a tensile strength of 560.6 MPa and an elongation of 11.1% at room temperature. A predictable decline in tensile strength with rising temperature is observed: at 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C; the respective strengths and elongations are 435.1 MPa and 25.8%, 269.4 MPa and 20.1%, 102.8 MPa and 47.9%, 54.0 MPa and 72.2%. These findings underpin the technical rationale for employing LPBF-processed Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy in aerospace applications.
Electrochemical Probing of Human Liver Subcellular S9 Fractions for Drug Metabolite Synthesis
Authors: Medina Daphne , Omanakuttan Bhavana , Nguyen Ricky , Alwarsh Eman , Walgama Charuksha
Published: August 2024

Human liver subcellular fractions, including liver microsomes (HLM), liver cytosol fractions, and S9 fractions, are extensively utilized in in vitro assays to predict liver metabolism. The S9 fractions are supernatants of human liver homogenates that contain both microsomes and cytosol, which include most cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and soluble phase II enzymes such as glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases. This study reports on the direct electrochemistry and biocatalytic features of redox-active enzymes in S9 fractions for the first time. We investigated the electrochemical properties of S9 films by immobilizing them onto a high-purity graphite (HPG) electrode and performing cyclic voltammetry under anaerobic (Ar-saturated) and aerobic (O2-saturated) conditions. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate between the S9 film and the HPG electrode was found to be 14 ± 3 s−1, with a formal potential of −0.451 V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which confirmed the electrochemical activation of the FAD/FMN cofactor containing CYP450-reductase (CPR) as the electron receiver from the electrode. The S9 films have also demonstrated catalytic oxygen reduction under aerobic conditions, identical to HLM films attached to similar electrodes. Additionally, we investigated CYP activity in the S9 biofilm for phase I metabolism using diclofenac hydroxylation as a probe reaction and identified metabolic products using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Investigating the feasibility of utilizing liver S9 fractions in such electrochemical assays offers significant advantages for pharmacological and toxicological evaluations of new drugs in development while providing valuable insights for the development of efficient biosensor and bioreactor platforms.
Statuary Qualities of White and Black Göktepe Identified in the Hispanic Valdetorres de Jarama Marble Collection
Authors: Lapuente Mercadal Maria Pilar , Nogales-Basarrate Trinidad
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on the role of the most common mineralogical techniques applied to the identification of the different statuary qualities in white, grey, and black Göktepe marble. For this purpose, the case of a Roman sculpture marble collection from the rural villa of Valdetorres de Jarama (central Iberia), dating to the 4th century AD, is presented. The mythological statuary, combining white, grey, and black marbles, is one of the most outstanding marble collections in the Aphrodisian style found in Hispania. The analytical results (achieved through Petrography, Cathodoluminescence, C and O isotopes, and Sr and Mn concentration) support the identification of two varieties of “black” Göktepe, traditionally referred to as bigio morato and bigio antico, as well as the best statuary quality of white Göktepe. In addition, the analytical identification of other Asiatic marbles in the Valdetorres collection, a white coarse-grain originally from the quarries of Aphrodisias city, and one small piece identified as Carian red from Iasos, corroborates the already suggested strong connection existing between artists and the stone material they chose for their works. Finally, the identification carried out on the marble of the bases that served as seats for the sculptures is noteworthy, as it is a white marble of lower quality whose analytical characteristics are consistent with the Microasiatic marble of Denizli. The use of these exotic and exceptional raw materials confirms the taste for luxury and decorative richness in Late Antique Hispanic rural villae and contributes to a better understanding of the distribution of Aphrodisian production and trade networks with the Western Roman provinces.
Concise Synthesis of Pseudane IX, Its N-Oxide, and Novel Carboxamide Analogs with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Angelov Plamen , Mollova-Sapundzhieva Yordanka , Alonso Francisco , Goranov Bogdan , Nedialkov Paraskev , Bachvarova Denitsa
Published: August 2024

A four-step synthesis of the natural product pseudane IX, starting from 3-oxododecanoic acid phenylamide and including only one chromatographic purification, was accomplished with an overall yield of 52%. The same synthetic sequence, but with a controlled partial reduction of a nitro group in the penultimate intermediate, led to the N-oxide of pseudane IX (NQNO). A shortened three-step variation of the synthesis allowed for the preparation of novel carboxamide analogs of the natural product. An agar diffusion assay against six different bacterial strains revealed significant antibacterial activity of the novel analogs against S. aureus at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. One of the novel compounds showed a remarkably broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, comparable to that of the positive control NQNO.
Prenyl Pterocarpans from Algerian Bituminaria bituminosa and Their Effects on Neuroblastoma
Authors: Benhabrou Hakim , Bitam Fatma , Cristino Luigia , Nicois Alessandro , Carbone Marianna , Ammar Dibi , Gavagnin Margherita , Ciavatta Maria Letizia
Published: August 2024

The pterocarpan fraction from aerial parts of Bituminaria bituminosa was investigated for both chemical characterization and biological evaluation. Chemical studies were in accordance with the literature data on Bituminaria genus resulting in the identification of typical 4,8-prenyl pterocarpans. Three new members, bituminarins A–C (1–3), were isolated along with main bitucarpin A (4), erybraedin C (5) and erybraedin D (6) already reported from this plant. Further, biological studies evidenced antiproliferative properties of the most abundant pterocarpans 4 and 5 on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, in agreement with previously described antiproliferative activity of these compounds against cancer cell lines other than neuroblastoma. The structure and the stereochemistry of the new molecules was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization methods. The biological investigation was carried out by using an assay platform based on a live-cell imaging system revealing an apoptotic cell death induction.
Comparative Analysis of Exosomes and Extracellular Microvesicles in Healing Pathways: Insights for Advancing Regenerative Therapies
Authors: Sędzik Mikołaj , Rakoczy Katarzyna , Sleziak Jakub , Kisiel Michał , Kraska Karolina , Rubin Jakub , Łuniewska Wiktoria , Choromańska Anna
Published: August 2024

Exosomes and microvesicles bear great potential to broaden therapeutic options in the clinical context. They differ in genesis, size, cargo, and composition despite their similarities. They were identified as participating in various processes such as angiogenesis, cell migration, and intracellular communication. Additionally, they are characterized by their natural biocompatibility. Therefore, researchers concluded that they could serve as a novel curative method capable of achieving unprecedented results. Indeed, in experiments, they proved remarkably efficient in enhancing wound regeneration and mitigating inflammation. Despite immense advancements in research on exosomes and microvesicles, the time for their large-scale application is yet to come. This article aims to gather and analyze current knowledge on those promising particles, their characteristics, and their potential clinical implementations.
Atomistic Origins of Resurrection of Aged Acetylcholinesterase by Quinone Methide Precursors
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo V. F. , Santos Taináh M. R. , Tavares Camila A. , Rasouli Hassan , Ramalho Teodorico C.
Published: August 2024

Nerve agents are organophosphates (OPs) that act as potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. After inhibition, a dealkylation reaction of the phosphorylated serine, known as the aging of AChE, can occur. When aged, reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE are no longer effective. Therefore, the realkylation of aged AChE may offer a pathway to reverse AChE aging. In this study, molecular modeling was conducted to propose new ligands as realkylators of aged AChE. We applied a methodology involving docking and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations to evaluate the resurrection kinetic constants and ligand interactions with OP-aged AChE, comparing them to data found in the literature. The results obtained confirm that this method is suitable for predicting kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of ligands, which can be useful in the design and selection of new and more effective ligands for AChE realkylation.
Asymmetric Synthesis and Applications of Chiral Organoselenium Compounds: A Review
Authors: Jian Yanyu , Singh Thishana , Andersson Pher G. , Zhou Taigang
Published: August 2024

The synthesis and application of organoselenium compounds have developed rapidly, and chiral organoselenium compounds have become an important intermediate in the field of medicine, materials, organic synthesis. The strategy of developing a green economy is still a challenge in the synthesis of chiral organoselenium compounds with enantioselective properties. This review covers in detail the synthesis of chiral organoselenium compounds from 1979 to 2024 and their application in the fields of asymmetric synthesis and catalysis.
Sustainable Epoxy Composites with UV Resistance Based on New Kraft Lignin Coatings
Authors: Seoane-Rivero Rubén , Ares-Elejoste Patricia , Gondra Koldo , Amini Sara , de Hoyos Pedro-Luis , Gonzalez-Alriols Maria
Published: August 2024

Currently, the composite industry is focusing on more environmentally friendly resources in order to generate a new range of biobased materials. In this manuscript, we present a new work using lignocellulosic wastes from the paper industry to incorporate into biobased epoxy systems. The manufactured materials were composed of kraft lignin, glass fiber, and a sustainable epoxy system, obtaining a 40% biobased content. Using a vacuum infusion process, we fabricated the composites and analyzed their mechanical and UV resistance properties. The findings reveal a significant correlation between the lignin content and flexural modulus and strength, showing an increase of 69% in the flexural modulus and 134% in the flexural strength with the presence of 5% of lignin content. Moreover, it is necessary to highlight that the presence of synthesized lignin inhibits the UV degradation of the biobased epoxy coating. We propose that the use of lignocellulosic-based wastes could improve the mechanical properties and generate UV resistance in the composite materials.
Signal-On Detection of Caspase-3 with Methylene Blue-Loaded Metal-Organic Frameworks as Signal Reporters
Authors: Huang Yaliang , Wang Jiaqiang , Xu Yirui , Zhang Jiwen , Xia Ning
Published: August 2024

In this work, we report on an electrochemical method for the signal-on detection of caspase-3 and the evaluation of apoptosis based on the biotinylation reaction and the signal amplification of methylene blue (MB)-loaded metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Zr-based UiO-66-NH2 MOFs were used as the nanocarriers to load electroactive MB molecules. Recombinant hexahistidine (His6)-tagged streptavidin (rSA) was attached to the MOFs through the coordination interaction between the His6 tag in rSA and the metal ions on the surface of the MOFs. The acetylated peptide substrate Ac-GDEVDGGGPPPPC was immobilized on the gold electrode. In the presence of caspase-3, the peptide was specifically cleaved, leading to the release of the Ac-GDEVD sequence. A N-terminal amine group was generated and then biotinylated in the presence of biotin-NHS. Based on the strong interaction between rSA and biotin, rSA@MOF@MB was captured by the biotinylated peptide-modified electrode, producing a significantly amplified electrochemical signal. Caspase-3 was sensitively determined with a linear range from 0.1 to 25 pg/mL and a limit of detection down to 0.04 pg/mL. Further, the active caspase-3 in apoptosis inducer-treated HeLa cells was further quantified by this method. The proposed signal-on biosensor is compatible with the complex biological samples and shows great potential for apoptosis-related diagnosis and the screening of caspase-targeting drugs.
Experimental and Modeling Study on Methane Hydrate Equilibrium Conditions in the Presence of Inorganic Salts
Authors: Fu Qiang , Chen Mingqiang , Pang Weixin , Xu Zhen , Liu Zengqi , Wen Huiyun , Lei Xin
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of four inorganic salts, KCl, NaCl, KBr and NaBr, on the thermodynamic conditions of methane hydrate formation. In order to achieve this, the vapor–liquid water-hydrate (VLWH) equilibrium conditions of methane (CH4) hydrate were measured in the temperature range of 274.15 K–282.15 K by the isothermal pressure search method. The results demonstrated that, in comparison with deionized water, the four inorganic salts exhibited a significant thermodynamic inhibition on CH4 hydrate. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of Na+ on methane hydrate is more pronounced than that of K+, where there is no discernible difference between Cl− and Br−. The dissociation enthalpy (∆Hdiss) of CH4 hydrate in the four inorganic salt solutions is comparable to that of deionized water, indicating that the inorganic salt does not participate in the formation of hydrate crystals. The Chen–Guo hydrate model and N–NRTL–NRF activity model were employed to forecast the equilibrium conditions of CH4 hydrate in electrolyte solution. The absolute relative deviation (AARD) between the predicted and experimental values were 1.24%, 1.08%, 1.18% and 1.21%, respectively. The model demonstrated satisfactory universality and accuracy. This study presents a novel approach to elucidating the mechanism and model prediction of inorganic salt inhibition of hydrate.
Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Myrciaria cauliflora Hydroethanolic Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: de Oliveira Luciane Dias , Ribeiro Ana Luisa Monteiro , Dias Sthéfani de Oliveira , da Cruz Geovani Moreira , de Menezes Raquel Teles , de Carvalho Lara Steffany , Diamantino Mariana Gadelho Gimenez , Pereira Thaís Cristine , Marcucci Maria Cristina , Abu Hasna Amjad
Published: August 2024

Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii are opportunistic pathogens, and both are involved in different oral infections. This work aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of Myrciaria cauliflora hydroethanolic extract and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606; multi-resistant clinical strains 58004, 50098, 566006, and H557). Myrciaria cauliflora hydroethanolic extract was prepared, and the content of soluble solids, flavonoids, and phenols was quantified. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed later. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, standard M7-A6, and subsequently, its minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. Then, the most effective concentrations were analyzed against biofilms. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA method with Tukey’s test. The soluble solids content in the prepared hydroethanolic extract of M. cauliflora was 2.22%. Additionally, the total flavonoid content, measured using the quercetin standard curve, was 0.040 mg/mL. Furthermore, the total phenol content, determined using the gallic acid standard curve, was 0.729 mg/mL. HPLC analysis presented peaks of gallic acid (11.80 m), p-coumaric acid (12.09 m), cinnamic acid derivative (19.02 m), and ellagic acid (29.83 m). The extract demonstrated antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against all tested strains. However, the most effective antibacterial concentration against all the tested bacteria was 5.55 mg/mL. Therefore, these chemical components justify that M. cauliflora hydroethanolic extract is effective in reducing biofilm formation in S. aureus (standard strain) and A. baumannii (standard and clinical strains).
A Study on Dual-Gate Dielectric Face Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor for Ternary Inverter
Authors: Wang Aoxuan , Lu Hongliang , Zhang Yuming , Sun Jiale , Lv Zhijun
Published: August 2024

In this article, we propose a dual-gate dielectric face tunnel field-effect transistor (DGDFTFET) that can exhibit three different output voltage states. Meanwhile, according to the requirements of the ternary operation in the ternary inverter, four related indicators representing the performance of the DGDFTFET are proposed, and we explain the impact of these indicators on the inverter and confirm that better indicators can be obtained by choosing appropriate design parameters for the device. Then, the ternary inverter implemented with this device can exhibit voltage transfer characteristics (VTCs) with three stable output voltage levels and bigger static noise margins (SNMs). In addition, by comparing the indicators of the DGDFTFET and a face tunnel field-effect transistor (FTFET), as well as the SNM of inverters, it is demonstrated that the performance of the DGDFTFET far surpasses the FTFET.
Nanotechnological Antibacterial and Conductive Wound Dressings for Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Authors: Pollini Mauro , Striani Raffaella , Paladini Federica , Kiani Aida , Acocella Maria Rosaria , Esposito Corcione Carola
Published: August 2024

The development of pressure ulcers, associated with increased temperature and moisture in specific areas of the body, and the risk of microbial infections in patients lying in a static position for prolonged periods of time represents a serious issue in medicine. In order to prevent the formation of pressure ulcers, this work aims to present advanced nanostructured coatings developed by three research groups. Nanometric silver, ash and functionalized torrefied biomass were the basis for the treatment of wound dressings to improve thermal conductivity and antimicrobial properties of the conventional cotton gauzes. Each treatment was performed according to its own optimized method. The treated fabrics were characterized in terms of antimicrobial properties, heat transfer, morphology and hydrophobic behavior. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the deposition treatments also in synergistic actions. In particular, the antibacterial efficacy was improved in all the samples by the addition of silver treatment, and the thermal conductivity was enhanced by around 58% with nanometric ashes. A further step of the study involved the designing of two multilayer systems evaluated using circuit models for determining the total thermal conductivity. In this way, both systems were designed with the aim to guarantee simultaneous efficacy: high antibacterial and hydrophilic properties at the skin level and more hydrophobic and conductive behaviors toward the external environment.
Impact of Residual Strains on the Carrier Mobility and Stability of Perovskite Films
Authors: Slimani Moulay , Gerlein Luis , Izquierdo Ricardo , Cloutier Sylvain
Published: August 2024

Solution-based inorganic–organic halide perovskites are of great interest to researchers because of their unique optoelectronic properties and easy processing. However, polycrystalline perovskite films often show inhomogeneity due to residual strain induced during the film’s post-processing phase. In turn, these strains can impact both their stability and performance. An exhaustive study of residual strains can provide a better understanding and control of how they affect the performance and stability of perovskite films. In this work, we explore this complex interrelationship between residual strains and electrical properties for methylammonium CH3NH3PbI3−xClx films using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). We correlate their resistivity and carrier mobility using the Hall effect. The sin2(ψ) technique is used to optimize the annealing parameters for the perovskite films. We also establish that temperature-induced relaxation can yield a significant enhancement of the charge carrier transports in perovskite films. Finally, we also use Raman micro-spectroscopy to assess the degradation of perovskite films as a function of their residual strains.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Promising Antibacterial Agents of New Generation
Authors: Zhang Tian-Guang , Miao Chao-Yu
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is growing into a major public health crisis worldwide. The reducing alternatives to conventional agents starve for novel antimicrobial agents. Due to their unique magnetic properties and excellent biocompatibility, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are the most preferable nanomaterials in biomedicine, including antibacterial therapy, primarily through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. IONP characteristics, including their size, shape, surface charge, and superparamagnetism, influence their biodistribution and antibacterial activity. External magnetic fields, foreign metal doping, and surface, size, and shape modification improve the antibacterial effect of IONPs. Despite a few disadvantages, IONPs are expected to be promising antibacterial agents of a new generation.
Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for High-Resolution Thermometry in Biology
Authors: Ermakova Anna
Published: August 2024

Optically active color centers in diamond and nanodiamonds can be utilized as quantum sensors for measuring various physical parameters, particularly magnetic and electric fields, as well as temperature. Due to their small size and possible surface functionalization, fluorescent nanodiamonds are extremely attractive systems for biological and medical applications since they can be used for intracellular experiments. This review focuses on fluorescent nanodiamonds for thermometry with high sensitivity and a nanoscale spatial resolution for the investigation of living systems. The current state of the art, possible further development, and potential limitations of fluorescent nanodiamonds as thermometers will be discussed here.
Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: Observations from an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Kotas Daniel , Zhao Huaqing , Turella John , Kasoff Willard S.
Published: August 2024

There are approximately 2.5 million cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the U.S. each year. Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), a sequela of TBI, has been shown to occur in approximately 15% of TBI patients. Pre-disposing risk factors for the development of PTE include severe TBI and penetrating head injury. PTE is associated with poor functional outcomes, increased negative social factors, and mental illness. We conducted a retrospective chart review with a 5-year timeframe at an urban Level 1 Trauma Center. Patients with ICD-10-CM codes associated with TBI were identified. Patients were coded as TBI with or without PTE by the presence of codes associated with PTE. Datapoints collected included risk factors for PTE and encounters with neurologists. A total of 1886 TBI patients were identified, with 178 (9.44%) classified as TBI with PTE. The most significant risk factor associated with PTE was severe brain injury, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.955 (95% CI [2.062,4.236]; p < 0.0001). Only 19 of 178 patients (10.7%) visited a neurologist beyond 6 months after TBI. Our results suggest the presence of a significant population of patients with PTE and the need for better follow-up.
Comparison of In-Person and Virtual Implementations of an Obesity Prevention and Culinary Nutrition Education Program for Family Care Providers
Authors: Goodman Lenora P. , Schroeder Mary M. , Kunkel Kelly , Hendel Katherine R.
Published: August 2024

Start Strong, a 4-week culinary nutrition education and obesity prevention program designed for rural family care providers in low-income areas of Minnesota, was initially an in-person training program and was recently adapted into a virtual version. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study examined within-group and between-group (in-person versus virtual) changes in culinary skill confidence and familiarity with food assistance programs after Start Strong participation. Additionally, we examined post-program participant experiences. The in-person program (n = 12, mean age of 45 years, September 2019) took place at community locations. The virtual program (n = 27, mean age of 41 years, Fall 2021–Winter 2022) used online learning and videoconferencing. Following data collection pre- and post-program, we used t-tests to examine within-group changes after Start Strong participation, repeated measures analysis of variance tests to compare outcomes between the in-person and virtual implementations, and Fisher’s exact test to compare post-survey outcomes. The in-person and virtual programs demonstrated similar improvements in cooking skill confidence and familiarity with food assistance programs. Compared to the virtual program, in-person participants reported significantly greater connection with other providers. This evaluation is relevant to addressing disparities in obesity prevention and provides an initial model for public health and community partnerships with ECE providers.
Development of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of the Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen
Authors: Vidal-Alcántara Erick Joan , Antón Sonia Hernández , Rueda Paloma , Yélamos María Belén , Gómez Julián , Resino Salvador , Fresco-Taboada Alba , Martínez Isidoro
Published: August 2024

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a global health challenge, with millions of people affected annually. Current diagnostic methods, reliant on antibody screening and viral RNA detection, are complex, costly, and often inaccessible, particularly in resource-limited settings. Aim: Development of a lateral flow immunochromatography-based assay for detecting the highly conserved hepatitis C core antigen (HCVcAg). Methods: The assay relies on the interaction of four highly specific and cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies with recombinant HCVcAg from five different genotypes in a double antibody sandwich format. Latex and colloidal gold were evaluated as detector nanoparticles. Results: Extensive evaluation of 32 antibody combinations led to identifying the most sensitive antibody pairs. The chosen assay, named LN17, demonstrated a target sensitivity of 10 ng/strip, with potential clinical implications for detecting HCV. Furthermore, the study examined matrix effects in serum samples, providing valuable insights for future clinical application. Conclusions: The developed assay holds promise as a rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly tool to enhance accessibility to hepatitis C screening, especially in high-risk populations and resource-limited environments.
Siraitia grosvenorii Extract Protects Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Mice via Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Wu Huining , Guo Mengru , Zhao Linlu , Zhang Jin , He Jieyi , Xu Anning , Yu Zhichao , Ma Xingbin , Yong Yanhong , Li Youquan , Ju Xianghong , Liu Xiaoxi
Published: August 2024

Siraitia grosvenorii has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-regulating effects, while macrophages play an important role in reducing inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether Siraitia grosvenorii extract (SGE) is effective in reducing inflammation by regulating macrophages. This study investigated the regulatory effect of SGE on macrophage polarization in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation model after establishing the model in vitro and in vivo. The results from the in vivo model showed that, compared with the LPS group, SGE significantly improved ileal morphology, restored the ileal mucosal barrier, and reduced intestinal and systemic inflammation by increasing CD206 and reducing iNOS proteins. In the in vitro model, compared with the LPS group, SGE significantly reduced the expression of iNOS protein and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) while significantly increasing the protein expression of CD206 in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, SGE can alleviate intestinal inflammation, protect the mucus barrier, and block the systemic immunosuppressive response by increasing M2 macrophages.
Azobenzenesulfonamide Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as New Weapons to Fight Helicobacter pylori: Synthesis, Bioactivity Evaluation, In Vivo Toxicity, and Computational Studies
Authors: Giampietro Letizia , Marinacci Beatrice , Della Valle Alice , D’Agostino Ilaria , Lauro Aldo , Mori Mattia , Carradori Simone , Ammazzalorso Alessandra , De Filippis Barbara , Maccallini Cristina , Angeli Andrea , Capasso Clemente , Francati Santolo , Mollica Adriano , Grande Rossella , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: August 2024

Research into novel anti-Helicobacter pylori agents represents an important approach for the identification of new treatments for chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, which are associated with a high risk of developing gastric carcinoma. In this respect, two series of azobenzenesulfonamides were designed, synthesized, and tested against a large panel of human and bacterial CAs to evaluate their inhibitory activity. In addition, computational studies of the novel primary benzenesulfonamides (4a–j) were performed to predict the putative binding mode to both HpCAs. Then, the antimicrobial activity versus H. pylori of the two series was also studied. The best-in-class compounds were found to be 4c and 4e among the primary azobenzenesulfonamides and 5c and 5f belonging to the secondary azobenzenesulfonamides series, showing themselves to exert a promising anti-H. pylori activity, with MIC values of 4–8 μg/mL and MBCs between 4 and 16 μg/mL. Moreover, the evaluation of their toxicity on a G. mellonella larva in vivo model indicated a safe profile for 4c,e and 5c,f. The collected results warrant considering these azobenzenesulfonamides as an interesting starting point for the development of a new class of anti-H. pylori agents.
The Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Myeloma Kidney Disease
Authors: Derudas Daniele , Chiriu Sabrina
Published: August 2024

Renal failure is one of the most important manifestations of multiple myeloma. It is caused by renal lesions such as cast nephropathy, immunoglobulin deposition disease, AL amyloidosis or other glomerular and/or tubular diseases, mostly due to the toxic effect of free light chains in serum. Renal failure can represent a clinical emergency and is associated with poor outcome in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients. Although progression-free survival and overall survival have improved with the introduction of novel agents, renal failure remains a challenge for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Monoclonal antibodies are a component of therapy for newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients and, based on clinical trials and real-world experience, are also safe and effective for subjects with renal failure, even if they are on dialysis. Most of the data are on anti-CD38 and anti-SLAM7 antibodies, but new antibody–drug conjugates such as belantamab mafodotin and bispecific antibodies also appear to be effective in myeloma kidney disease. In the future, we will have to face some challenges, such as defining new criteria for renal response to treatment, defining specific trials for these difficult-to-treat patients and integrating different therapeutic options.