bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validade e reprodutibilidade de marcadores do consumo de alimentos e bebidas de um inquérito telefônico realizado na cidade de Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
Authors: Mendes Larissa Loures , Campos Suellen Fabiane , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Sá Naíza Nayla Bandeira de , Velásquez-Meléndez Gustavo
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: avaliar a reprodutibilidade e validade de indicadores de consumo de alimentos e bebidas levantados por meio de entrevistas telefônicas pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Telefone (VIGITEL). MÉTODOS: A reprodutibilidade foi aferida por meio de entrevistas repetidas com intervalos de 7 a 15 dias a partir da primeira entrevista original do sistema (n=258). A validade foi avaliada usando como padrão ouro 3 entrevistas correspondentes a recordatórios de 24h (R24h) em 3 dias da semana, após 7 a 15 dias da entrevista telefônica original (n=217). No estudo de reprodutibilidade a estatística kappa foi utilizada para medir a concordância entre os resultados das proporções obtidas na primeira e na segunda entrevista. Para a validação, a proporção de referência positiva de alimentos e bebidas na entrevista telefônica original foi comparada àquela obtida nos R24h e sua avaliação foi analisada por meio do cálculo da sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo. RESULTADOS: No estudo de reprodutibilidade, observou-se concordância quase perfeita para o indicador de consumo de leite com teor integral de gordura (0,86); concordância substancial para consumo de frutas (0,67), consumo de frutas e hortaliças, consumo de carne com gordura ou frango com pele e consumo abusivo de bebida alcoólica; concordância moderada para o indicador de consumo de refrigerante; e concordância regular para o indicador do consumo de hortaliças. Com relação ao estudo de validação, observou-se subestimação de indicadores de consumo de frutas, hortaliças e leite integral, exceto para consumo de carne/frango com gordura e bebida alcoólica, quando comparados com a frequência desse consumo estimada a partir dos três R24horas; as diferenças para o consumo de refrigerantes foi inexpressiva. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que os instrumentos utilizados permitem a vigilância de fatores potencialmente associados a doenças não transmissíveis, entretanto, é prioritária a continuidade de estudos de validação em outras populações do sistema, com o objetivo de oferecer maior confiabilidade aos mesmos, sempre considerando as potenciais limitações.
Monitoramento da síndrome gripal em adultos nas capitais do Brasil e no Distrito Federal por meio de inquérito telefônico
Authors: Reis Priscilleyne Ouverney , Iser Betine Pinto Moehlecke , Oliveira Souza Líbia Roberta de , Carvalho Yokota Renata Tiene de , Almeida Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Oliveira Wanderson Kleber de , Penna Gerson Oliveira
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVOS: Com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência da síndrome gripal em adultos das capitais e regiões do Brasil, realizou-se monitoramento da ocorrência de sinais e sintomas compatíveis por inquérito telefônico (VIGITEL) em 2010. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal que contou com 47.876 entrevistas nas capitais dos estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal, com amostragem probabilística da população >18 anos, residente em domicílios com linha fixa de telefone. Foram analisadas as questões referentes à síndrome gripal e influenza pandêmica (H1N1) 2009, no período de 10 de janeiro a 30 de novembro de 2010. Os percentuais foram calculados para as regiões do país e para o Brasil e ponderados segundo a distribuição sociodemográfica da PNAD 2008. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de indivíduos, com algum sinal ou sintoma de gripe nos 30 dias anteriores à entrevista, foi de 31,2% (IC95% 30,2-32,2%). O relato de síndrome gripal foi mais frequente entre as mulheres, adultos jovens (18 a 29 anos) e aquelas pessoas com 9 a 11 anos de estudo. A maior prevalência de sinais ou sintomas gripais ocorreu na região Norte. Verificou-se tendência crescente com posterior decréscimo em todas as regiões, exceto na Nordeste. A procura pelo serviço de saúde foi relatada por 26,8% (IC95% 25,1-28,5) das pessoas que adoeceram. A suspeita médica de influenza pandêmica (H1N1) 2009 ocorreu em 2,6% (IC95% 1,8-3,4) dos entrevistados que relataram ter procurado o serviço de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste inquérito forneceram informações oportunas e úteis, as quais não foram captadas pelo sistema de vigilância tradicional, como a ocorrência de sinal ou sintoma gripal e a procura pelo serviço de saúde.
A highly sensitive and low‐noise IR photosensor based on a‐SiGe as a sensing and noise filter: Toward large‐sized touch‐screen LCD panels
Authors: Han Sang Youn , Kim Dae Cheol , Cho Byeonghoon , Jeon Kyung Sook , Seo Seung Mi , Seo Mi Seon , Jung Suk‐Won , Jeong Kihun , Kim Woong Kwon , Yang Sung‐Hoon , Kim Nam‐Heon , Song Junho , Kong Hyang‐Shik , Kim Hyung Guel
Published: November 2011

Abstract— The a‐SiGe TFT photosensor for embedded touch‐screen panels (TSPs) was characterized by comparison with an a‐Si sensor. The photoresponse of an a‐SiGe sensor at a 850‐nm wavelength was much higher than that of a‐Si, indicating that a‐SiGe is a strong candidate material for an IR sensor. In order to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the incident visible light was filtered by incorporating a bandpass‐filter layer. An a‐SiGe IR‐sensor‐embedded LCD panel was successfully demonstrated, showing an excellent multitouch property independent of ambient‐light conditions. This technology can be widely used in multifunctional TSPs.
Underground Coal Gasification in Thar Colliers: Encountering the Problems and Solutions for Producing Syngas
Authors: Khurshid Ilyas , Baig Mirza Abdul , Choe Jonggeun
Published: November 2011

The demand of energy in Pakistan is increasing continuously. Fossil fuel mainly coal reserves more than 175 billion tons in the Thar can play a vital role to fulfill energy needs for decades. The Thar Coal field was discovered in 1992 but up till 2010 no serious efforts were made to utilize this huge energy resource. In 2010 Underground coal gasification project was established to develop and exploit the thar coal deposits with underground coal gasification (UCG) technique to convert the in-situ coal to syngas for power generation and for other industrial uses.

During construction phase of the underground coal gasification different problems were encountered mainly the hole linkage, water incursion, aquifer characterization and ignition of coal. This study provides the research work made in the field to solve above mentioned problems and presents detail analysis and procedures that how these problems were meet and solved. Finally this study presents characterization of the aquifer and shows from which well ignition should start to produce syngas from Thar coal.
Integrating the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive and Floods Directive in Ireland
Authors: Earle J. R. , Blacklocke S. , Bruen M. , Almeida G. , Keating D.
Published: November 2011

Water Framework Directive (WFD) statutory authorities and stakeholders in Ireland are now challenged with the issue of how the proposed programmes of measures in the newly required River Basin Management Plans – designed to protect and restore good ecology by reverting as closely as possible back to natural conditions – are to be implemented in a way that concurrently complies with other existing and emerging intersecting European Union legislation, such as the Floods Directive (FD). The WFD is driven largely by ecological considerations, whereas the FD and other legislation are more geared towards protecting physical property and mitigating public safety risks. Thus many of the same waterbodies, especially heavily modified waterbodies, arguably have somewhat competing policy objectives put upon them. This paper explores the means by which Ireland might best achieve the highest degrees of cost effectiveness, economic efficiency and institutional durability in pursuing the common and overarching objective of the WFD and FD – to ensure Irish waterways are put to their highest valued uses.
Nitrification processes in scrubbing liquid of an exhaust air treatment system of a large-scale pig housing facility
Authors: Haneke J. , Siemers V. , Van den Weghe H. F. A.
Published: November 2011

The use of multi-staged exhaust air treatment systems is an effective method of substantially reducing the emission of ammonia, dust particles and odorous substances. Wet filter walls are able to absorb large amounts of ammonia when scrubbing fluid containing sulphuric acid is used. In addition, due to their large surface areas and the permanent supply of oxygen and nutrients, wet filter walls provide a basis for the development of biofilms containing nitrogen-converting bacteria. Cyclic nitrification processes could be observed in a two-stage exhaust air treatment system, which had been converted to function as a regulated process control system (elutriation at κ = 20 mS cm−1; pH 6.5–6.8). With this system, the sulphuric acid requirement was periodically reduced every 6–8 weeks to less than 1 kg H2SO4 per fattening place and year. There was an increased formation of nitrous oxide gas during nitrification after the wet filter stage. Electron-microscopic images of the biofilm growing on the wet filter wall showed aggregates of possible ammonium-oxidising and nitrite-oxidising bacteria.
Water matrix effect on UV photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid
Authors: Giri R. R. , Ozaki H. , Okada T. , Takikita S. , Taniguchi S. , Takanami R.
Published: November 2011

The widespread detection of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the water environment has been a concern for the last several years, while effluents from wastewater treatment facilities are the major sources of these compounds. Even advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) are not useful for mineralization of the compounds due to their very high stability. Photochemical techniques using particularly vacuum UV (VUV) have been found to be very promising in this regard. But the use of VUV in UV-based AOTs has still not progressed much. Moreover, the impact of water quality on PFCs photomineralization is unknown. This investigation aimed to assess photomineralization potentials of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in ultrapure water (UPW), tap water (TW), surface water and treated wastewater effluent using a reactor setup enabling maximum utilization of VUV emission of low pressure lamp in laboratory batch experiments. Neya River water (NRW) and the Nakahama Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent (NWWTPE) represented surface water and treated wastewater effluent respectively. Also, tests were carried out in 50% diluted NRW and NWWTPE. PFOA photomineralization in terms of PFOA removal, defluorination and total organic carbon (TOC) removal are discussed. The usefulness of the method for PFOA mineralization in organic-rich wastewaters, and further research needs are also highlighted.
Interview with Stefano Zamagni: The Italian Third Sector
Authors: Bassi Andrea
Published: November 2011

In Italy, the third sector includes six main sets of civil society organizations: Voluntary organizations, social cooperatives, NGO, associations of social advancement, foundations, and social enterprises. Typical of the Italian third sector is recognition of the dual nature of its organizatons: those performing a redistributive function and those performing a productive function.
Korean Adolescent Girls' Addictive Use of Mobile Phones to Maintain Interpersonal Solidarity
Authors: Chung Namho
Published: November 2011

In this study it was predicted that there would be a close relationship between the use of mobile phones and the maintenance of interpersonal solidarity. The relationship between the addictive use of mobile phones and the maintenance of interpersonal solidarity was empirically analyzed
among 188 female adolescents. The results showed that those who have a greater tendency to be addicted sent numerous text messages from places such as schools, where the excessive use of mobile phones can be a problem; furthermore, this group used such behavior to maintain interpersonal solidarity.
These findings suggest that it is important to try to understand the causes of adolescent girls' use of mobile phones and to suggest alternatives to problematic behavior.
Textural and sensory properties of spreads with sucrose and maltitol
Authors: Petkovic Marko , Pajin Biljana , Tomic Jelena , Torbica Aleksandra , Seres Zita , Zaric Danica , Soronja-Simovic Dragana
Published: November 2011

Spreads are confectionery products based on sugar, vegetable fat, cocoa
powder, milk powder and other ingredients. Basic properties of these products
are good spreadability in wide temperature range (from ambience to fridge
temperature), rich creamy chocolate taste, and homogenous smooth structure
without oil phase migration. Undesirable attribute of these products is their
relatively high energy value (2300 kJ/100 g). In recent years, cocoa cream
products with reduced energy values have become very popular among consumers
and today they are present in the assortment of many confectionery
manufacturers. One way to produce spreads with reduced energy value is the
replacement of sugar (sucrose) with adequate sweetener. Maltitol is a
low-energy poliol capable to qualitatively and quantitatively replace
sucrose. Cocoa spreads with maltitol and with the combination of maltitol and
sucrose (produced at different temperatures and mixer rotation speeds) have
similar texture and rheological properties compared to the spreads with
sucrose. The spreads with maltitol have about 15% lower energy value in
comparison to the same product with sucrose.
Innovative calculation methods of the magnetic field from single and double-circuit twisted three-phase cables widely used in MV and LV installations
Authors: Mazzanti Giovanni , Landini Marco , Kandia Effrosyni , Biserni Cesare , Marzinotto Massimo
Published: November 2011

This paper proposes a simple innovative formula for the calculation of the magnetic field generated by a single and a double circuit twisted three-phase power cable line. The formula results a good approximation of the rigorous analytical one and at the same time is much more accurate than the approximated formula found in literature, as demonstrated by some cases of a twisted three-phase power cable used for power distribution at the medium voltage level. The effectiveness of this simple innovative formula is also examined in the case of a double-circuit twisted three-phase power cable line following the’ worst case’ approach and concluding at proposing an approximate expression for the total magnetic field generated by both twisted three-phase power cables.
Novel functions of non-O1 non-O139 Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide for its haemagglutinating activity
Authors: Khan Summaiya F , Rabbi Fazle , Ahsan Nazmul , Yasmin Mahmuda , Nessa Jamalun , Ahsan Chowdhury R
Published: November 2011

Haemagglutinating activity of the surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of non-O1 non-O139 Vibrio cholerae was assayed against rabbit and chicken erythrocytes. The serially diluted non-O1 non-O139 V. cholerae LPS showed haemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes up to a dilution of 1 : 512, which is probably due to the hydrophilic polysaccharide moiety of the LPS. To test whether the LPS was able to bind to glycoproteins and other simple sugars, the LPS was incubated with mucin, glucose and sucrose and was assayed for the residual haemagglutinating activity. It was found that the mucin could inactivate the LPS, which indicated that the LPS of the non-O1 non-O139 V. cholerae strains may bind to glycoprotein and its mechanism of adherence may be similar to that of other bacterial LPS. However, the glucose and sucrose could not inhibit the LPS as has been demonstrated by the positive residual haemagglutinating activity of the LPS.
Eco-Friendly Methodology to Prepare N-Heterocycles Related to Dihydropyridines: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Alkyl 4-Arylsubstituted-6-chloro-5-formyl-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate and 4-Arylsubstituted-4,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-dione
Authors: Rodríguez Hortensia , Martin Osnieski , Suarez Margarita , Martín Nazario , Albericio Fernando
Published: November 2011

Here we describe the efficient synthesis of alkyl 4-arylsubstituted-6-chloro-5-formyl-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylates and 4-arylsubstituted-4,7-dihydro-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(1H,3H)-diones via microwave-accelerated reaction of alkyl 4-arylsubstituted-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylates with the appropriate reagents. This eco-friendly approach to these valuable dihydropyridine derivatives does not involve the harsh or highly contaminating conditions common in classical heating and offers a reduction or even elimination of solvent use and recovery, simplification of the work-up procedures, facility of scale up, and low energy consumption, in addition to moderate to higher yields.
Technology-induced Errors
Authors: Kushniruk A. W. , Bellwood P. , Brender J. , Borycki E. M.
Published: November 2011

Objective: The objective of this paper is to examine the extent, range and scope to which frameworks, models and theories dealing with technology-induced error have arisen in the biomedical and life sciences literature as indexed by Medline®.

Methods: To better understand the state of work in the area of technology-induced error involving frameworks, models and theories, the authors conducted a search of Medline® using selected key words identified from seminal articles in this research area. Articles were reviewed and those pertaining to frameworks, models or theories dealing with technology-induced error were further reviewed by two researchers.

Results: All articles from Medline® from its inception to April of 2011 were searched using the above outlined strategy. 239 citations were returned. Each of the abstracts for the 239 citations were reviewed by two researchers. Eleven articles met the criteria based on abstract review. These 11 articles were downloaded for further in-depth review. The majority of the articles obtained describe frameworks and models with reference to theories developed in other literatures outside of healthcare. The papers were grouped into several areas. It was found that articles drew mainly from three literatures: 1) the human factors literature (including human-computer interaction and cognition), 2) the organizational behavior/socio-technical literature, and 3) the software engineering literature.

Conclusions: A variety of frameworks and models were found in the biomedical and life sciences literatures. These frameworks and models drew upon and extended frameworks, models and theoretical perspectives that have emerged in other literatures. These frameworks and models are informing an emerging line of research in health and biomedical informatics involving technology-induced errors in healthcare.
ON QUASI-GASDYNAMIC SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS WITH GENERAL EQUATIONS OF STATE AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Zlotnik Alexander , Gavrilin Vladimir
Published: November 2011

A quasi-gasdynamic system of equations with a mass force and a heat source is well known in the case of the perfect polytropic gas. In the paper, the system is extended to the case of general equations of gas state satisfying thermodynamic stability conditions. The entropy balance equation is studied. The validity of the non-negativity property is algebraically analyzed for the entropy production. Two different forms are derived for its relaxation summands. It is proved that under a condition on the heat source intensity, the non-negativity property is valid.
Research Activities and Perceptions of Barriers to Research Utilization Among Turkish Nurses
Authors: Sari Dilek , Turgay Ayse San , Genc Rabia Ekti , Bozkurt Ozlem Demirel
Published: November 2011

Background:

This study assessed the barriers to the use of research in nursing practice among Turkish registered nurses.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study of 718 nurses in three hospitals was conducted. The data collection instrument used for the study consisted of the Barriers to Research Utilization Scale and a self-administered questionnaire that included demographic data, educational background, and nurses’ involvement in research activities.

Results:

Almost half of the participants (48.5%) responded that they had attended academic conferences in the past 2 years. Most of the participants had not published a research article (90.5%), and 23.4% reported that they had never read research articles. Seven items within the top 10 barriers were found on the setting subscale.

Conclusion:

The results describe the research activities and perceptions of the barriers to the use of research among nurses in Turkey. Creating an organizational climate that values research use and supports nurses in participating in research activities is crucial.
Analysis of diesel samples using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCXGC/TOFMS) to better understand the chemistry of their lubricating properties
Authors: Smit Elize
Published: November 2011

Lubricity is the ability of a substance to prevent wear in a system where metal surfaces are in close contact. Diesel fuel injection systems rely on the fuel itself for lubrication. GCXGC/ TOFMS and multivariate statistics were used to investigate which chemical classes in a diesel fuel contribute to its lubricity.
The Relationships among Constructs in the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model among African-American College Women for Physical Activity
Authors: Juniper Kelly C. , Oman Roy F. , Hamm Robert M. , Kerby Dave S.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

Health Belief Model (HBM) and Transtheoretical Model concepts were used to investigate possible differences in perceptions of physical activity among African-American college women categorized by their stage of physical activity behavior.

Methods.

A survey was administered to 233 participants to assess their stage of physical activity behavior and HBM perceptions. Analysis of variance was used to investigate possible differences among HBM constructs for each behavior stage.

Results.

Perceived barriers were significantly higher (p < .05), and perceived severity, cues to action, and self-efficacy were significantly lower in the inactive group than in the active group. For example, perceived barriers were significantly higher in the inactive (mean = 2.3) stage than in the preparation (mean = 2.1), action (mean = 1.9), and maintenance (mean = 1.7) stages of physical activity behavior.

Discussion.

The results suggest that many perceptions of physical activity differ significantly among stages of behavior in this sample of African-American college women. A limitation was that some scales were modified specifically for this population and were not validated.
Which Population-Based Interventions Would Motivate Smokers to Think Seriously about Stopping Smoking?
Authors: Giardina Todd D. , Hyland Andrew , Bauer Ursula E. , Cummings K. Michael
Published: November 2011

Objective.

To describe what smokers say about the impact of different population-based interventions to motivate them to think seriously about stopping smoking.

Methods.

A random-digit dialed cross-sectional telephone survey of adult current cigarette smokers was conducted in Erie and Niagara counties, New York, in October through November 2002. A total of 815 smokers were asked which of eight interventions would motivate them to think seriously about stopping smoking in the next 6 months.

Results.

The offer of free nicotine patches/gum (53%) and cash incentives (49%) were the most frequently mentioned interventions that smokers said would get them to think seriously about stopping smoking. The degree of motivation to stop smoking was the most consistent and strongest predictor of how respondents answered the question about the influence of the various intervention options.

Conclusion.

Communities need to offer a wide array of interventions that are likely to appeal to different subgroups of smokers in order to have a population-wide impact on smoking behavior.
Evaluation of Two Methods in Controlling Dental Treatment Water Contamination
Authors: Puttaiah Raghunath , Bansal Ritu , Harris Robert , Reddy Anil
Published: November 2011

Dental unit water systems are contaminated with biofilms that amplify bacterial counts in dental treatment water in excess of a million colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association have agreed that the maximum allowable contamination of dental treatment water not exceed 500 cfu/ml. This study was conducted to evaluate two protocols in controlling contamination of dental unit water systems and dental treatment water. Both methods used an antimicrobial self-dissolving chlorine dioxide (ClO2) tablet at a high concentration (50 ppm) to shock the dental unit water system biofilms initially followed by periodic exposure. To treat dental treatment source water for patient care, 3 parts per million (ppm) ClO2 in municipal/tap water was compared to use of a citrus botanical extract dissolved in municipal water. Heterotrophic microbial counts of effluent water and laser scanning confocal microscopy were performed to evaluate effects of the two treatments. Results from this study indicated that both treatments were effective in controlling biofilm contamination and reducing heterotrophic plate counts <500 cfu/ml. A comprehensive study addressing compatibility of 50 ppm ClO2 on the metals and nonmetal components of the dental water system and effects of low-grade chemicals used on composite bonding to dentin and enamel is warranted before translation from efficacy studies to common clinical use.

Clinical significance

This study provides evidence-based information of using two methods of controlling dental treatment water contamination. The study was conducted in a clinical practice setting in an active dental clinic and the results are meaningful to a clinician who is interested in providing safe dental treatment water for patient care.

How to cite this article

Bansal R, Puttaiah R, Harris R, Reddy A. Evaluation of Two Methods in Controlling Dental Treatment Water Contamination. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):73-83.
Comparative Study of Periapical Radiographic Techniques with Apex Locator for Endodontic Working Length Estimation: An ex vivo Study
Authors: Parekh Vaishali , Taluja Chirag
Published: November 2011

Background

Accurate assessment of working length determines the success and prognosis of an endodontic treatment outcome. Various methods are used in determining the working length.

Aim

Compare the measurements of the apex locator and radiographic technique to determine working length.

Methods

An ex vivo study was conducted on 20 patients having intact single straight root canal. Only premolars were taken in the study. After doing coronal flaring and irrigation, the radiographic length was determined with an aid of a k-type file and electronic length (EL-Root-ZX) 3rd generation apex locator. After extraction of all the premolars, stereomicroscope was further used to confirm and compare radiographic and electronic apex locator.

Results

A mean value of 0.5430 ± 0.5741 mm was observed among radiographic techniques. A mean value of 0.4240 ± 0.4587 mm was observed among apex locator techniques. Ttest revealed, no significant difference between the two techniques was observed (p = 0. 615). ‘Two tailed’ t-test revealed intragroup significance both techniques for determining the working length.

Conclusion

The distance of the apical foramen to the tip of the file: A mean value of 0.4240 ± 0.4587 mm with apex locator technique was observed. Working length of apex locator was more in comparison to radiographic technique. No significant difference between the two techniques was observed (p = 0. 615). Intragroup significance among both techniques for determining the working length was also observed. However, a further study incorporating a larger sample size and utilization of both techniques of working length determination on the same tooth has to be conducted.

Clinical significance

Combining the apex locator technique and radiographic technique for determination of working length would yield more accurate working length.

How to cite this article

Parekh V, Taluja C. Comparative Study of Periapical Radiographic Techniques with Apex Locator for Endodontic Working Length Estimation: An ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):131-134.
Retention Strength of Cobalt-Chromium vs Nickel-Chromium Titanium vs CP Titanium in a Cast Framework Association of Removable Partial Overdenture
Authors: Zavanelli Adriana Cristina , Zavanelli Recardo Alexandre , de Aquino Souza José Everaldo , da Silva Nelson Renato França Alves , Coelho Paulo Guilherme , Ferracioli Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues
Published: November 2011

Aim

There is little information considering the framework association between cast clasps and attachments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the retention strength of frameworks match circumferential clasps and extra resilient attachment cast in three different alloys (cobalt-chromium, nickel-chromium titanium and commercially pure titanium), using two undercut (0.25 and 0.75 mm) and considering different period of time (0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years).

Methods

Using two metallic matrices, representing a partially edentulous mandibular right hemiarch with the first molar crown, canine root and without premolars, 60 frameworks were fabricated. Three groups (n = 20) of each metal were cast and each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10), corresponding the molar undercut of 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm. The nylon male was positioned at the matrix and attached to the acrylic resin of the prosthetic base. The samples were subjected to an insertion and removal test under artificial saliva environment.

Results

The data were analyzed and compared with ANOVAs and Tukey's test at 95% of probability. The groups cast in cobaltchromium and nickel-chromium-titanium had the highest mean retention strength (5.58 N and 6.36 N respectively) without significant difference between them, but statistically different from the group cast in commercially pure titanium, which had the lowest mean retention strength in all the periods (3.46 N). The association frameworks using nickel-chromium- titanium and cobalt-chromium could be used with 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm of undercut, but the titanium samples seems to decrease the retention strength, mainly in the 0.75 mm undercut. The circumferential clasps cast in commercially pure titanium used in 0.75 mm undercuts have a potential risk of fractures, especially after the 2nd year of use.

Conclusion

This in vitro study showed that the framework association between cast clasp and an extra resilient attachment are suitable to the three metals evaluated, but strongly suggest extra care with commercially pure titanium in undercut of 0.75 mm.

Clinical significance

Frameworks fabricated in Cp Ti tend to decrease in retentive strength over time and have a potential risk of fracture in less than 0.75 mm of undercut.

How to cite this article

Souza JEdA, da Silva NRFA, Coelho PG, Zavanelli AC, Ferracioli RCSR, Zavanelli RA. Retention Strength of Cobalt-Chromium vs Nickel-Chromium Titanium vs CP Titanium in a Cast Framework Association of Removable Partial Overdenture. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):179-186.
Relationship between Impacts of Complete Denture Treatment on Daily Living, Satisfaction and Personality Profiles
Authors: Hantash Raed O Abu , AL-Omiri Mahmoud K , Yunis Mohammad Abu , Lynch Edward
Published: November 2011

Objectives

To investigate the association between satisfaction with conventional complete denture prostheses (CDs), impacts of CDs on daily living and personality profiles.

Materials and methods

Fifty-six patients (28 males and 28 females; mean age 53.79 ± 7.762 years) with fitted upper and lower removable CDs were recruited for this study. Clinical success of CDs was assessed according to specific clinical criteria. The dental impact on daily living questionnaire (DIDL) was used to measure satisfaction with CDs and their impacts on daily living. NEO five factor inventory (NEO - FFI) was used to measure patients’ personality profiles. Pearson correlation test and regression models were used to analyze the collected data.

Results

Females were more satisfied with appearance and less satisfied with eating and scored higher on neuroticism, and lower on extraversion and openness personality domains (p < 0.05). Older patients were more satisfied with appearance and less satisfied with oral comfort and general performance (p < 0.05). Neuroticism, extraversion, openness and agreeableness personality profiles could predict and had significant relationship with CDs impacts on daily living and satisfaction with CDs.

Conclusion

Psychological profiles (e.g. neuroticism, extraversion, openness and agreeableness) might play a role and explain CDs impacts on daily living and patients’ satisfaction with their oral status and CD treatment, therefore, might be used to predict satisfactory outcomes of CD treatment. In this regard, technical aspects of CDs are less essential when the prosthesis is clinically successful.

Clinical significance

Psychological factors may play a role and also provide valuable information for the prediction of satisfactory outcomes of complete denture treatment.

How to cite this article

Hantash ROA, AL-Omiri MK, Yunis MA, Dar-Odeh N, Lynch E. Relationship between Impacts of Complete Denture Treatment on Daily Living, Satisfaction and Personality Profiles. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):200-207.
Turbulent flux modelling with a simple 2-layer soil model and extrapolated surface temperature applied at Nam Co Lake basin on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gerken T. , Babel W. , Hoffmann A. , Biermann T. , Herzog M. , Friend A. D. , Li M. , Ma Y. , Foken T. , Graf H.-F.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. This paper introduces a surface model with two soil-layers for use in a high-resolution circulation model that has been modified with an extrapolated surface temperature, to be used for the calculation of turbulent fluxes. A quadratic temperature profile based on the layer mean and base temperature is assumed in each layer and extended to the surface. The model is tested at two sites on the Tibetan Plateau near Nam Co Lake during four days during the 2009 Monsoon season. In comparison to a two-layer model without explicit surface temperature estimate, there is a greatly reduced delay in diurnal flux cycles and the modelled surface temperature is much closer to observations. Comparison with a SVAT model and eddy covariance measurements shows an overall reasonable model performance based on RMSD and cross correlation comparisons between the modified and original model. A potential limitation of the model is the need for careful initialisation of the initial soil temperature profile, that requires field measurements. We show that the modified model is capable of reproducing fluxes of similar magnitudes and dynamics as the more complex methods chosen as reference.
How well can we derive Global Ocean Indicators from Argo data?
Authors: von Schuckmann K. , Le Traon P.-Y.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Argo deployments began in the year 2000 and by November 2007, the array reached its initial goal of 3000 floats operating worldwide. In this study, Argo temperature and salinity measurements during the period 2005 to 2010 are used to estimate Global Ocean Indicators (GOIs) such as global ocean heat content (GOHC), global ocean freshwater content (GOFC) and global steric sea level (GSSL). We developed a method based on a simple box averaging scheme using a weighted mean. Uncertainties due to data processing methods and choice of climatology are estimated. This method is easy to implement and run and can be used to set up a routine monitoring of the global ocean. Over the six year time period, trends of GOHC and GSSL are 0.54 ± 0.1 W m−2 and 0.75 ± 0.15 mm yr−1, respectively. The trend of GOFC is barely significant. Results show that there is significant interannual variability at global scale, especially for GOFC. Annual mean GOIs from the today's Argo sampling can be derived with an accuracy of ±0.11 cm for GSSL, ±0.22 × 108 J m−2 for GOHC, and ±700 km3 for GOFC. Long-term trends (15 yr) of GOIs based on the complete Argo sampling for the upper 1500 m depth can be estimated with an accuracy of ±0.04 mm yr−1 for GSSL, ±0.02 W m−2 for GOHC and ±20 km3 yr−1 for GOFC – under the assumption that no systematic errors remain in the observing system.
Functions of the Pointing Gesture in Mothers and their 12 to 36-Month-Old Children during Everyday Activities
Authors: Ayala Mercedes Amparo Muñetón , López María José Rodrigo
Published: November 2011

This study longitudinally examined the production of pointing in four Spanish 1-year-old and four Spanish 2-year-old children in interactive situations with their mothers at home over the course of one year. Three aspects were analyzed: a) the functions of the pointing gesture, their accurate comprehension by the interlocutor (mother or child), and their order of emergence in the child; b) whether or not there were differences in the production of pointing according to who initiated the interaction; and c) whether maternal and child speech were related to maternal and child pointing production. The results showed that the pointing function of showing is the most frequent for both children and mothers from groups 1 and 2, and the first to emerge followed by the informing, requesting object, requesting action, and requesting cooperation functions. The accuracy with which these intentions were comprehended was found to be very high for both mother and child. Pointing production was greater when the speaker initiated the interaction than when the other person did, indicating that gestures follow the turn-taking system. Finally, the production of pointing to showing in children and mothers was found to be related to maternal and child speech, while pointing to request cooperation triggered the process of joint activity between mother and child.
Anticipated Emotions and Personal Experience for Predicting Behavioral Intentions and Behavioral Expectations
Authors: Carrera Pilar , Caballero Amparo , Muñoz Dolores , Oceja Luis
Published: November 2011

We tested how anticipated emotions interact with personal experience in risk behavior to improve predictions from TPB on behavioral intention (BI) and behavioral expectation (BE) for sex without condom (Study 1) and excessive drinking (Study 2). In the moderate-high experience group, anticipated emotional profiles (AEPs) improve TPB prediction from 28% to 45% in the case of BI and from 19% to 40% in that of BE in relation to sexual risk behavior (Study 1), and from 23% to 36% in the case of BI and from 17% to 31% in that of BE in relation to binge drinking (Study 2). However, in the low-experience group (Study 2) AEPs improve TPB predictions for BI (12% to 34%) but not for BE, showing that in less experienced people BI and BE are not equivalent: anticipated emotions have different relevance in their prediction. These results were replicated using a general negative anticipated emotion index (averaging emotional categories).
High and Low Trait Anger, and the Recognition of Anger Problems
Authors: Alcázar Raúl J. , Deffenbacher Jerry L. , Guzmán Laura Hernández , Wilson Graciela I.
Published: November 2011

This study compared three groups of people: (a) high trait anger individuals who recognized personal anger problems (HR); (b) high trait anger individuals who did not recognize personal anger problems (HNR); and (c) low trait anger individuals not reporting personal anger problems (LNR). Compared to LNR participants, HR and HNR groups reported more anger-out (i.e., outward negative expression of anger such as arguing with others), anger-in (i.e., anger suppression and harboring grudges), greater desire to use and actual use of physically aggressive anger expression (e.g., pushing or shoving someone), and less anger control-in (i.e., emotionally focused strategies to lower anger such as relaxation) and anger control-out (i.e., behaviorally focused strategies such as being patient with others). HR individuals reported more trait anger (i.e., higher propensity to experience anger) and less anger control-out than the HNR group. Gender did not relate to the recognition of anger problems. Findings were discussed with regard to theory and clinical implications.
Psychometric Update of the Social Anxiety Screening Scale (SASS/EDAS) in a Spanish Adolescent Population
Authors: Piqueras José Antonio , Olivares José , Hidalgo María Dolores , Vera-Villarroel Pablo , Marzo Juan Carlos
Published: November 2011

The aim of this work was to update the validation of the Social Anxiety Screening Scale (SASS/EDAS) in a sample of Spanish adolescents. To achieve this, one study with a sample of 1489 students in secondary education, of ages 14 to 17 years, were carried out. The psychometric properties of EDAS were examined through confirmatory factor analysis, reliability (Cronbach's alpha), temporal stability (test-retest), and concurrent criterion validity. The results supported the three-independent-factor structure (avoidance, distress and interference), that showed best fit indices compared to alternative models. They also showed that the scores of participants on EDAS scales were reliable in terms of internal consistency (α > .80) and moderately reliable concerning temporal stability (r= .48-.60) over a five-week period. The correlations between the EDAS factors and other social anxiety measures were positive and significant. Data provide empirical evidence of the estimation of reliability and validity of this scale. Future work should extend the validation of the EDAS in clinical samples.
The Semantics of ‘unless’ Conditionals: Evidence from ‘unless’ and Disjunctive Inferences
Authors: García-Madruga Juan A. , Carriedo Nuria , Moreno-Ríos Sergio
Published: November 2011

We report the results of an experiment investigating conditional inferences from conditional assertions such as ‘Juan won't go to León unless Nuria goes to Madrid’ and ‘Either Nuria goes to Madrid or Juan won't go to León’. This experiment addresses Dancygier's claims about the semantics of ‘unless’ by examining inferential endorsements of ‘not-A unless B’ and ‘Either B or not-A’ in the canonical order, presenting the categorical premise after the conditional assertions, and in the inverse order, presenting the categorical premise before the conditional assertions. The results of the experiment confirm that the representation of ‘unless’ includes two possibilities, although as Dancygier holds one of the possibilities may not be complete. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the strategic nature of conditional reasoning and recent convergent theories of linguistic processing.
Inhibitory Processes, Working Memory, Phonological Awareness, Naming Speed, and Early Arithmetic Achievement
Authors: Navarro Jose I. , Aguilar Manuel , Alcalde Concepcion , Ruiz Gonzalo , Marchena Esperanza , Menacho Inmaculada
Published: November 2011

This study identified the cognitive processes that underlie the individual differences in early mathematical performance in elementary school children. Taking into account the Baddeley framework multicomponent model, the inhibitory processes, working memory, phonological awareness, and naming speed are considered to be related to early math learning. To examine this relationship, we compared the performance of a total of 424 typically developing middle-class children, aged between 4 and 7 years in a battery of cognitive and early numeric tests: The Utrecht Early Numeracy Test, the Rapid Automatized Naming Test, Spanish version of the Stroop task, the Numeracy Interference Test, Digit Span test, and Phonological Knowledge Test. The mean age of the participants was 72.21 months (sd = 14.8), and 48.6% were male and 51.4% were female. The results demonstrated that children performing worst on central executive, phonological processing, and inhibitory processes showed lower results in early mathematical tasks measured by The Utrecht Early Numeracy Test. Results supported the notion that the executive system is an important predictor of children's mathematical performance.
Combined Diagnostic Modalities Improve Detection of Detrusor External Sphincter Dyssynergia
Authors: Spettel Sara , Kalorin Carmin , De Elise
Published: November 2011

Introduction. The diagnosis of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) is a clinically relevant finding during urodynamic testing. However, there is no consensus regarding diagnostic specifics of electromyography (EMG) or voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). We evaluated the concordance of the two modalities most commonly used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of DESD. Methods. Patients were prospectively evaluated by a single urodynamicist at an academic center and retrospectively re-evaluated by an independent urodynamicist for agreement. DESD was determined by increased patch EMG activity or a dilated bladder neck/proximal urethra on VCUG during detrusor contraction. Minimal acceptable criterion for agreement was set at 70%. Results. Forty-six patients were diagnosed with DESD with both modalities available. Of these 46 patients, 25 were diagnosed by both tests, 11 by VCUG alone and 10 by patch EMG alone. Binomial testing demonstrated the proportion of agreement was 54% (95% CI 39% to 68%). Conclusion. We found significant disagreement between the two modalities, similar to previously reported findings using needle EMG, and we expand the applicability of our data to the majority of clinicians who use patch EMG electrodes. This further supports the idea that the combined use of EMG and VCUG for diagnosis can identify more cases of DESD than either modality alone.
Bio301: A Web-Based EST Annotation Pipeline That Facilitates Functional Comparison Studies
Authors: Chen Yen-Chen , Chen Yun-Ching , Lin Wen-Dar , Hsiao Chung-Der , Chiu Hung-Wen , Ho Jan-Ming
Published: November 2011

In this postgenomic era, a huge volume of information derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has been constructed for functional description of gene expression profiles. Comparative studies have become more and more important to researchers of biology. In order to facilitate these comparative studies, we have constructed a user-friendly EST annotation pipeline with comparison tools on an integrated EST service website, Bio301. Bio301 includes regular EST preprocessing, BLAST similarity search, gene ontology (GO) annotation, statistics reporting, a graphical GO browsing interface, and microarray probe selection tools. In addition, Bio301 is equipped with statistical library comparison functions using multiple EST libraries based on GO annotations for mining meaningful biological information.
Glycosaminoglycans Modify Elastase ActionIn Vitroand Enhance Elastase-Induced Cell Death in Cultured Fibroblasts
Authors: de Oliveira-Santos José , Abreu Nunes Viviane , Cruz-Silva Ilana , Praxedes-Garcia Priscila , Gozzo Andrezza Justino , Rydlewski Mariana , González Yamile González , Nader Helena Bonciani , Araújo Mariana da Silva
Published: November 2011

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) has been shown to be involved on death of different cell types, including epithelial lung cells, which is related to several pulmonary diseases. Since HNE activity may be influenced by extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and fibroblasts are the most common ECM-producing cells of lung connective tissue, the aim of this work was to verify if HNE can induce fibroblast death and to study the enzyme modulation by GAGs. HNE-like activity was mimicked by using human neutrophils conditioned medium (NCM). Heparan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate reduce the enzyme activity and modify its secondary structure. NCM reduced cell viability, and this effect was higher in the presence of those GAGs. NCM also increased DNA fragmentation, suggesting the occurrence of apoptosis, but without influence of GAGs. These results can contribute to the understanding of HNE modulation in physio- and pathological processes where this enzyme is involved.