bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total Serum Testosterone Level in Obese Patients with Type -2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Fatima Elhajhamad Mohamed-Khier  , Shaza Elawad Sideeg  , Nisreen Daffa Alla  , Rehab Mustafa Badi
Published: May 2021

Both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are independently associated with reduced serum testosterone. The additive effect of obesity and T2DM on reducing testosterone levels need to be investigated. Their combined additive effects may place obese T2DM patients at higher risk of decreased testosterone and the associated increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to screen obese T2DM patients for biochemical hypogonadism regardless of the presence of overt clinical symptoms to consider testosterone replacement therapy.  152 adult male aged 40 to 68 years with T2DM were recruited through simple random sampling. The study participants were grouped based on their BMI into lean (n=48); overweight (n=57), obese (n=37) and morbidly obese (n=11). Total serum testosterone (TST), BMI and waist circumference (WC) were measured in all patients and luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in 103 of them. Low TST was defined as TST<9nmol/L and the normal range for LH was 1.7-11.2mIU/ml. Mean TST in lean T2DM patients was 15.61± 6.0 nmol/l. TST levels were significantly lower in obese and morbidly obese groups compared with the lean group (P=0.003 and 0.015 respectively). TST negatively correlated with BMI (r= -0.29, P<0.001) and WC (r= -0.21, P<0.009). Overall, 19.7% of T2DM patients had low TST. The prevalence of low TST increased from 14.9% in lean, to 21.1% in overweight, to 21.6% in obese, to 27.3% in morbidly obese T2DM patients, (P=0.74). LH was inappropriately normal in 95% (19/20) of patients with low TST. Obese T2DM patients had reduced TST levels and a higher prevalence of reduced TST compared to lean patients. TST negatively correlated with BMI and WC. Therefore, screening obese T2DM patients for testosterone deficiency should be considered.
Agricultural loan delinquency prediction using machine learning methods
Authors: Chen Jian , Katchova Ani L. , Zhou Chenxi
Published: May 2021

The recent economic downturn in the agricultural sector that started in 2013 has caused some concerns for farmers’ repayment capacity, which raises the need for precise prediction of financial stress in the agricultural sector. Machine learning has been shown to improve predictions with large financial data, however, its application remains limited in the agricultural sector. In this study, we approximate financial stress by agricultural loan delinquency, and predict it by employing a logistic regression and several machine learning methods. The main datasets include the Call Reports and Summary of Deposits from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Our results show that ensemble learning methods have the best performance in prediction accuracy, with improvement of 26 percentage points at most and that the Naïve Bayes classifier is the best method to maintain the lowest cost from false predictions when the failure of identifying potentially high-risk loans is very costly. From the perspective of banks, while there are important benefits to using machine learning, the bank-level costs are also important considerations that may lead to different choices of machine learning methods.
Determinants of US household expenditures on fortified fruit juice
Authors: Leschewski Andrea , Sellnow Cole
Published: May 2021

Fortified fruit juice represents a growing segment in the otherwise contracting juice industry. Health concerns and changing food policy have driven US consumers to demand fruit juice fortified with micronutrients. Fruit-juice manufacturers have responded by expanding their portfolio to include juice products fortified with vitamins and minerals. This study is the first to analyze determinants of US household expenditures on fortified fruit juice. Collectively, results indicate fruit-juice fortification is a viable strategy for improving public health among demographic subgroups that are disproportionately vulnerable or at-risk for nutrient deficiencies. Findings suggest that fruit-juice manufacturers’ fortification efforts are improving the nutritional intake of toddlers and children but are less effective at reaching other demographic subgroups (rural and minority-headed households) with high nutrient-deficiency incidence. Manufacturers should consider employing targeted marketing and outreach efforts to maximize improvement in dietary quality among fruit-juice consumers.
Growth responses of light demanding and shade tolerant peat swamp forest saplings to elevated CO2
Authors:   School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka, 26400, Malaysia, Wahidah M.N.L. , Nizam M.S. ,   Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Che Radziah C.M.Z. ,   Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Wan Juliana W.A. ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Published: May 2021

Aim: To determine the growth responses of two peat swamp forest species, Shorea platycarpa, a shade-tolerant slow-growing species and Macaranga pruinosa, a light-demanding fast-growing species under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Methodology: The saplings of both species were grown in a shade house at ambient (400±50 µmol mol-1) and in an open roof ventilation greenhouse at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration 800±50 µmol mol-1 for seven months. The temperature in both environments ranged between 25-33°C with 55–60% sunlight transmittance and the saplings were thoroughly watered twice a day. Plants growth measurements were estimated at frequent intervals. Saplings biomass characteristics were examined using destructive methods after seven months of treatment and non-destructive method was used for determination of leaf area. Results: Elevated CO2 enhanced all the growth characteristics in M. pruinosa with a significant increase was observed particularly on both height and diameter relative growth rate and biomass characteristics. The height relative growth rate and leaf area were significantly reduced under elevated CO2 in S. platycarpa but did not affect the shoot or root diameter and biomass significantly. A positive correlation (r =0.77, p>0.05) between stem biomass and basal diameter for plants under elevated CO2 was recorded for M. pruinosa, but not in S. platycarpa. Both species showed negative correlation (S. platycarpa; r = -0.53, M. pruinosa; r = -0.46, p>0.05) between stem growth and stem biomass at elevated CO2. Interpretation: These results unveiled profound effects of elevated CO2 on the growth of light-demanding species M. pruinosa, while shade-tolerant species S. platycarpa was not relatively affected by elevated CO2. This underscored the necessity to analyse different species performance to elevated CO2, thereby improving the ability to predict tropical swamp forest ecosystem responses to rising CO2.
Phytoremediation of landfill leachate using Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes
Authors:   Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Hanafiah M.M. , Aziz N.I.H.A. ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Halim A.A. ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Shamdin L.S. ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Razzak L.A.A. ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Published: May 2021

Aim: In this study, Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes were used to remove total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from the landfill leachate collected at Ampar Tenang Closed Landfill (ATCL) site in Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia. Methodology: The physico-chemical characteristics of landfill leachate (pH, temperature, NH3-N, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, salinity, electrical conductivity and nitrite as well as selected heavy metals were determined before phytoremediation treatment. Results: The physico-chemical properties of leachate samples were found to be lower as compared to the standards set by the government, except for COD (>100 mg l-1). Heavy metals content, Na, Mg and Fe was high in leachate. It was found that the concentrations of NH3-N, COD and TSS in leachate decreased by 57.64%, 26.85% and 62.05% after treatment with Ipomea aquatica, respectively. Whereas, 61%, 32% and 74.7% removal rate was observed for NH3-N, COD and TSS, post-treatment by Pistia stratiotes. One-way ANOVA analysis for Ipomoea aquatica revealed insignificant difference (p>0.05) but for Pistia stratiotes there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the reduction of TSS, COD and NH3-N concentrations. Interpretation: Based on the findings, Pistia stratiotes was found more effective than Ipomea aquatica for reducing TSS, COD and NH3-N concentrations from landfill leachate.
Macrobenthos diversity along the Exclusive Economic Zone of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600,  Malaysia, Shafie B.B. , Man A. ,   Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), Kampung Acheh, Sitiawan, 32000, Malaysia, Ali N.F. ,   Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600,  Malaysia, Rahim A.A. ,   Marine Ecosystem Research Centre (EKOMAR), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Published: May 2021

Aim: To examine the standing stock of macrobenthos along a depth gradient at regional scales in the Sunda Shelf of Malaysian Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). Methodology: Macrobenthos was sampled with a Smith–McIntyre grab at 19 stations on the continental shelf of the South-western South China Sea (east coast of Peninsular Malaysia) within the EEZ and was carried out onboard MV SEAFDEC II in May/June 2016. Results: The faunal composition, abundance, and diversity of species, together with environmental parameters were studied. A total of 10,232 individuals comprising 105 families were identified. The dominant macrobenthic group was Mollusca (55.25%), followed by Annelida (26.80%) and Arthropoda (15.36%), while the Echinodermata and Miscellaneous group recorded 1.13% and 1.43% respectively. Based on Bray-Curtis species similarities, five different sample groups (SGs) were distinguished, which were located in different zones and gradients of EEZ. Interpretation: Variations in the macrobenthic community is significantly associated with depth, temperature, and salinity. Further research should be conducted on other factors that contribute to the diversity of macrobenthos along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia’s EEZ.
The effects of temperature and pH change on the snapping sound characteristic of Alpheus edwardsii
Authors:   Freshwater and Invasion Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore, Lai K.S. , Goh Z.Z. ,   Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Ghazali S.M. ,   Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Published: May 2021

Aim: The current study undertook manipulative experiments to observe changes in snapping shrimp sound signals in relation to temperature and pH changes. Methodology: Sounds of intertidal snapping shrimp (Alpheus edwardsii) sequentially exposed to different temperature/pH treatments manipulation for a period of 2 week each, were recorded in the laboratory and analysed. The acoustic characteristics of snapping sound signal were examined to relate to the change in temperature, pH and combination of both parameters. Results: Our results showed that there was a significant reduction in the frequency of peak amplitude of snapping sound wave following a two week exposure to a combination of temperature and pH treatments. The frequency of snapping shrimp sound decreased by approximately 30% when exposed to a 2°C increase in temperature and a 0.7 unit decrease in pH, however, elevated temperature alone caused no significant effect on the peak frequency of snapping shrimp sound. Interpretation: The finding suggests that following the prediction values of temperature and pH changes due to climate change in the coming century may implicate the ambient noise at habitats where snapping shrimps dominate.
Vertical profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the core sediment found in Langkawi, Kedah
Authors:   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia, Terence R.C. , Masni M.A. ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Published: May 2021

Aim: To determine the concentration of PAHs by layers in each core sediment around one of Malaysia's tourism-oriented areas and to distinguish and classify the origin of PAHs in core sediments using index of molecular ratios. Methodology: The individual compounds and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were studied in 72 cm and 54 cm long sediment core, each that were taken in the Kuah Jetty and a rural area between Tanjung Ayer and Tanjung Batu Kulat of Langkawi Island. A total of 12 PAHs were determined and quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Kuah Jetty, Langkawi's total PAH concentrations of sediment core layers ranged from 45.82 ng g-1 to 252.43 ng g-1. Furthermore, the total PAH concentrations of the sediment core layers from the rural area between Tanjung Ayer and Tanjung Batu Kulat ranged between 28.97 ng g-1 to 312.20 ng g-1. Interpretation: The potential application of a combination of molecular ratios and individual concentrations of PAH in determining the origin and source of pollution in sediments resulted in the determination of low to moderate pollution and indicated mixed sources of PAHs in the study area.
Truss network based morphometric and meristic variations among south-western populations of Macrognathus aculeatus in Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh, Sarower-E-Mahfuj M. , Das S.K. ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia, Azad K.N. ,   Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh, Paul A.K. ,   Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh, Hoshan I. ,   Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh, Sultana S. ,   Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh, Biswas M. ,   Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
Published: May 2021

Aim: Landmark-based truss network system was applied to examine the morphometric and meristic differences among four different populaces of Macrognathus aculeatus namely; Dhakuriabeel, Jashore (DBJ); Arial Kha River, Madaripur (AKRM); Nabaganga River, Jhenaidah (NRJ); Kopotakkha River, Jashore (KRJ) in Bangladesh. Methodology: Completely 80 samples of M. aculeatus were collected (20 individuals from each population) for this study. Six meristic characters, 6 morphometric characters and 15 truss-based morphometric characters were measured for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-HSD post hoc test. Discriminant function analyses were also performed by using morphometric and truss-based morphometric characters to detect potential characters responsible for population separation. Results: Completely 80 samples of M. aculeatus were collected (20 individuals from each population) for this study. Six meristic characters, 6 morphometric characters and 15 truss-based morphometric characters were measured for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-HSD post hoc test. Discriminant function analyses were also performed by using morphometric and truss-based morphometric characters to detect potential characters responsible for population separation. Interpretation: The baseline information derived from the present study would be useful for appropriate conservation of M. aculeatus populations as well as for the researchers for further investigation.
A new type of S-N equation and its application to multiaxial fatigue life prediction
Authors: yan xiangqiao
Published: May 2021

The S-N equation is one of the most important equations in fatigue model
investigation. A majority of fatigue models, including multiaxial
fatigue model and mean effect models, are established on the basis of
the S-N equation. Obviously, an accuracy of the S-N equation is very
important. Taking into account that the S-N equation is, in fact, an
empirical one in which the material constants are determined by
numerical fitting fatigue experimental data, in this paper, the S-N
equation can be improved, by further processing these fatigue
experimental data, to present a new type of S-N equation that is more
accurate than the S-N equation. The new type of S-N equation is called a
similar S-N equation in this paper. By using a large number of
experimental data of metallic materials reported in literature, an
accuracy of the similar S-N equation has been proven.
Unruptured Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm After Silent Myocardial Infarction with Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Kehibar Tamer , KIZILYEL Fatih , Yilmaz Mehmet , Ketenci Bulent
Published: May 2021

Acquired left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare disorder that occurs
after acute myocardial infarction. We present a 55 year-old male patient
with a nonruptured pseudoaneurysm after acute MI presenting with severe
mitral regurgitation. After resection of sac-like lesion, the defect was
5 cm diameter posterolaterally left ventricular. The aneursym was
repaired with pericardium patch to maintain cardiac geometry that
diminishes mitral regurgitation without intervention to mitral valve.
Fatal Necrotising Soft Tissue Infection Caused by Escherichia coli in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: KURIMOTO MIO , Ikeda Mahoko , Hirayama Ichiro , Kobayashi Yatsuya , Shikama Mio , Nakamura Hitomi , Wakimoto Yuji , Yohei Oshiro , Yamamoto Miyuki , Hayase Naoki , Hiruma Takahiro , Okugawa Shu , Doi Kent , Morimura Naoto , Moriya Kyoji
Published: May 2021

NSTI caused by E. coli monomicrobial infection is an extremely severe
condition with high mortality. This report presented a case of
monomicrobial NSTI caused by E. coli with septic shock in a patient with
alcoholic liver cirrhosis and mentioned both pathogen virulence factors
and host susceptibility factors.
Effects of conservation tillage on crop yield and soil organic carbon in Northeast China
Authors: He Cong , Niu Jia-Rui , Xu Cheng-Tang , Han Shou-Wei , Bai Wei , Song Qiu-Lai , Dang Yash , Zhang Hai-Lin
Published: May 2021

Northeast China(NEC) is the main grain-producing area in China, but soil
degradation is severe due to the long-term use of conventional
tillage(CT). It is necessary to restore soil fertility, maintain crop
yield, and enhance sustainability using conservation tillage in NEC.
However, the integrated effects of conservation tillage on crop yield
and SOC under different conditions in NEC are still unclear. Using 70
peer-reviewed papers, we assessed the crop yield and SOC sequestration
effect, and their relationship under no-till(NT), ridge tillage(RT), and
subsoiling tillage(ST) in NEC. The results indicated that in areas with
a mean annual temperature (MAT) < 3℃, yield under NT was
significantly lower than CT by 3.7% whereas RT and ST were higher than
CT by 0.8% and 13.1% (P<0.05). RT generally had a similar
effect on yield as NT, but RT did not have a negative impact on yield in
colder regions, indicating that this may be a more suitable conservation
tillage practice in these areas. ST may be used in rotation with other
tillage measures to maintain crop yield if necessary. NT could increase
SOC concentration by 24.1%, 43.9%, and 17.4% under high MAT
(>6℃), low mean annual precipitation (MAP)
(<500mm), and continuous cropping, respectively. The mean SOC
sequestration rate under NT, RT, and ST was 0.953, 0.099, and 0.101 Mg C
ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Overall, the implementation of different
conservation tillage measures in NEC can enhance crop yield as well as
carbon sequestration, indicating its potential to be popularized in NEC.
A Study on Dynamic Response of Tunnel Blasting Beneath Surface Buildings
Authors: huang chen , zhang youyi , Zhao Jun
Published: May 2021

In order to study the dynamic response of adjacent buildings in the
process of tunnel blasting excavation, taking Yangjia tunnel blasting
through a five-story frame structure residential building as an example,
the propagation law of blasting seismic wave was analyzed by using HHT
method through on-site blasting monitoring. Then, the ALE algorithm in
ANSYS/LS-DYNA software was used to establish a three-dimensional
numerical model based on the surrounding rock-cutting section-structure
coupling to study the dynamic response of adjacent buildings under the
blasting vibration of tunnel. The results show that the HHT analysis
method can clearly describe the energy distribution of vibration signals
in the time and frequency domain. The energy carried by the blasting
vibration signal is corresponding to the detonating section, and the
maximum energy appears in the cutting section, which further verifying
that the vibration effect caused by the cutting hole blasting is the
strongest. In the process of tunnel blasting, the dynamic responses of
beams, columns and exterior walls of adjacent buildings are not
consistent and show different variation rules along the height
direction. In addition, the stress centralization mainly occurs in the
exterior wall of the building, the joint of the exterior wall and the
column, the joint of the exterior wall and the beam, and the joint of
the exterior wall and the floor and other non-weight bearing area,
indicating that these parts are more likely to damage and crack in the
process of tunnel blasting.
Relationship Between Erectile Dysfunction and Moderate to Severe Prostatitis-Like Symptoms: a Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Yoo Tag Keun , Kang Jung Yoon , Cho Jeong Man , Lee Sin Woo , Choi Jae Duck
Published: May 2021

Objective We assessed the relationship between chronic
prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and erectile
dysfunction (ED) using propensity score matching. Methods Data from 8727
middle-aged men who had undergone health checkups were analyzed. The
National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptoms Index
(NIH-CPSI), the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF), the
Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), testosterone measurement,
basic blood chemistry, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) assessment were
performed in this study. As in a previous study, the symptoms were
classified as “no” if respondents reported no perineal or ejaculatory
pain or had an NIH-CPSI pain score of <4, and the symptoms
were classified as “moderate to severe” if the pain score was
>7. Of the 8727 men considered, 7181 formed the cohort for
propensity score matching, including 597 men with moderate to severe
prostatitis-like symptoms (case) and 6584 men with no prostatitis-like
symptoms (control); ultimately, however, members of the case and control
groups were matched at a 1:1 ratio by propensity score. Results After
matching, the variables of age, testosterone, PEDT and MetS were evenly
distributed between the groups. After matching, the mean IIEF score of
the case group was significantly lower than that of the control group
(17.2±5.5 vs. 14.7±5.3; P<0.001). Additionally, the severity
of ED was significantly greater in the case group (no, mild, mild to
moderate, moderate, and severe, respectively: 27.5%, 30.2%, 24.6%,
13.1%, and 4.7% in the control group; 10.7%, 27.0%, 33.0%, 18.9%,
and 10.4% in the case group; P<0.001). Finally, the rate of
moderate to severe ED was significantly higher in the case group than in
the control group (17.8% vs. 29.3%; P<0.001). Conclusion
Moderate to severe prostatitis-like symptoms were significantly and
independently correlated with ED in middle-aged men.
Prenatal diagnosis of crossed pulmonary artery with tetralogy of Fallot and right aortic arch: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Cheng Jinfeng , Zhang Yixiu , Meng Hua , Wu Xining , Ouyang Yunshu , Ma Li , Zhao Dachun
Published: May 2021

Crossed pulmonary arteries (CPA) is an unusual malformation
characterized by abnormal origination of the pulmonary arteries from the
main pulmonary artery (MPA), which is usually associated with complex
cardiac pathologies and chromosomal abnormalities. We report a case of
crossed pulmonary artery (CPA) associated with tetralogy of Fallot
(TOF), right aortic arch (RAA), and absence of ductus arteriosus.
Sonographic findings, complicated malformations, genetic anomalies,
differential diagnosis, and prognosis analysis are discussed. Although
the isolated CPA is relatively asymptomatic, when it is accompanied by
other cardiac anomalies, the prognosis needs to be reevaluated.
Collaboration and technology for more sustainable and responsible tourism marketing
Authors: Correia Antónia , Decrop Alain
Published: May 2021

Vulnerable is how we are nowadays. In fact, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is neither time limited nor spatially contained. But like many other natural disasters, the pandemic brought calamities and inequalities (Shklar, 1990), threatens the environment and raises a problem of precarity that is no longer limited to the poor and dependent as contagion patterns have no boundaries (Forester & McKibbon, 2020). So even more than revealing the vulnerability wealthy countries are facing, the pandemic forces us to recognize our progressively more interdependent lives in a globalized world and the responsibility to safeguard the planet. Economies all over the world were hindered by Covid-19 but tourism was completely devasted by this pandemic. In the first five months of 2020, international tourism arrivals decreased by more than half and some $320 billion dollars in exports from tourism were lost. Overall, some 120 million direct jobs in tourism are at risk (WTO, 2020). The current situation recalls emergency status for countries that depend on tourism and for minorities that may find in tourism a driver to social integration, empowerment and income. The Covid-19 crisis offers opportunities to rebuild tourism in a safe, equitable and sustainable way. To that end technology, partnerships and sustainable and responsible practices are strategic.
Challenges to sustainability in prospective world heritage sites
Authors: Kuzuoglu Sina , Kladou Stella
Published: May 2021

Heritage cities often build on their cultural assets to develop as destinations. Yet, the assets communicated to visitors usually present only part of the picture. Heritage cities often tend to possess a significant cultural value that is hidden from the prying eyes. This value is not only exhibited as tangible assets, but the accumulation of knowledge and experience in the culture-laden milieu is also central to the notion of heritage (Falser, 2015). Such intangible elements have found their way into international discussions in recent years (Vecco, 2010). Heritage cities, as living spaces, also embrace a cultural heritage inseparable from local communities, and in a broader perspective, from the whole of humanity. This perspective is central to the creation of World Heritage Sites (WHSs) seeking to protect the world’s heritage with Outstanding Universal Value under the umbrella of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1972). In this process, however, the heritage assets inscribed as WHSs are nominated by national governments which, upon inscription, become the primary entity responsible for safeguarding their integrity. The primary motivation for this research is the centralized governance structure in developing countries and how this affects the potential to achieve sustainability through tourism development. Turkey is an example of such a centralized system in regard to tourism and heritage management (Yüksel et al., 2005) which includes the WHSs. In Turkey, WHSs are not only effective tools to aid foreign policy (Atakuman, 2010) but are also integral to culture-driven tourism strategy (Ozturk & van Niekerk, 2014). Despite inconclusive evidence in the literature on the relationship between proliferation of tourism and WHS status (Jimura, 2011; Poria et al., 2013), Turkey’s proactive relationship with UNESCO may be interpreted as reaffirming the perceived linkage between WHS status and visitation.
Collaborative economy in the tourism industry The new deal for consumers in the European Union
Authors: Canales Gutiérrez Silvana
Published: May 2021

Europe is the most touristic continent in the world, receiving more than 50% of all international tourists (Santolli, 2017) according to the World Tourism Organization. People from all over the world want to go to the most famous tourist attractions in Europe and what once seemed a distant dream to international tourists due to the high prices of hotels and air tickets, is now possible thanks to the competitive prices of international airlines such as Ryanair, Vueling and EasyJet (O’Connell & Williams , 2005) and the alternative to traditional accommodation providers: collaborative economy platforms such as Airbnb, HomeAway or Wimdu. This short research paper will be focused on this type of platform, which provide mainly hosting services, and the legal aspects of their terms and conditions of service. The collaborative economy in the tourism industry is a growing business model, which allows consumers around the world to rent a spare room, an entire house or an apartment, for a short period of time, at a lower price than the accommodation offered by the traditional service providers such as hotels. However, this phenomenon was not born as a trending idea or an alternative way of getting an extra income, but of the pure necessity of generating cash in a period when the economy was stagnating, and the owners of properties needed to be creative with the available resources. The collaborative economy is characterized by generating economic benefit (Botsman & Rogers , 2010) from assets that would otherwise be given little or no use by their owners or holders. However, the concept of ‘resources’ covers much more than just assets, since resources can refer to spaces, skills and any kind of goods, which, if not made available to the collaborative economy, would be largely unused.
Place attachment and residents’ perceptions of tourism development in small town destinations
Authors: Silva Carla , Seabra Cláudia , Abrantes José Luís , Reis Manuel , Pereira Andreia
Published: May 2021

Towns and cities have always been places where tourism and leisure experiences are constantly produced and consumed and a source of special fascination for visitors and tourists (Hall & Page, 2014). The development of tourism generates different degrees of impact on destination places, environments, and on the local population. Understanding resident perception of those impacts is crucial to the successful and sustainable development of tourism (Šegota, Mihalič & Kuščer, 2017). Residents are the most important destination stakeholders and, because of that, they should participate in the planning of sustainable tourism development in order to control the impacts of tourism on the places where they live (Lawton & Weaver, 2015; Garrod, Fyall, Leask & Reid, 2012). As a consequence, it is important to establish awareness of host communities’ experiences, perceptions, and attitudes towards sustainable tourism development, particularly in locations with a small population base (Thompson-Fawcett & McGregor, 2011). Once a community becomes a tourist destination, the lives of its residents become affected. Even though most of the studies conducted on tourism impacts focused on economic, social, and environmental wellbeing, the central question is still the need to understand how community residents perceive the impacts of tourism (Kim, Uysal, & Sirgy, 2013). Another crucial concept regarding sustainable tourism development is place attachment, commonly defined as the emotional bond between an individual and a specific place (Manzo, 2003). However, affection, emotions, and feelings are not the only concepts of place attachment. Cognition and practice are important as well (Low & Altman, 1992; Vorkinn & Riese, 2001). People may feel attached to a place because of emotional and social ties, but also because of the physical aspects of the place (Hidalgo & Hernández, 2001; Lewicka, 2011). Places are above all social constructions and include physical, social, and psychological connotations that help build attachment (Knez, 2014).
How digital strategy increases overtourism the case of Barcelona
Authors: Lajoinie Stephane Bourliataux , Arriaga Josep Lluis del Olmo , Dosquet Frederic
Published: May 2021

The term ‘overtourism’ made the headlines in 2017 to denote the antithesis of a fair, well-planned form of tourism. An overtourism destination is a destination perceived as the victim of uncontrolled flows of tourists. Some authors have contributed to analysing the first stages of this perception. Boissevain (1996) published ‘Coping with tourists: European reactions to mass tourism’, in which he analysed how a massive flow of tourists in Malta generated negative side effects and a total dependence on touristic economy. Tyler et al. (1998) offered one of the first analyses of ways to control tourism flow from a sustainable point of view. Bosselman et al. (1999) published a pioneering analysis on the relationships between hosts and tourists. The paper discusses the risks and benefits of growth in tourism and the need for long-term management to avoid overexploitation of tourist destinations. These research projects laid the foundations for reflection on sustainable tourism and were the starting point for studying the risks of overtourism. Fyall and Garrod (1998) discussed the impacts of overtourism on heritage sites. On the one hand, the phenomenon contributes to a short-term economic boost; on the other hand, it impacts negatively on the way of life of local communities.
PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
Authors: Kania Sugiharti Dewi , Lutfi Faqih , N. Singadimedja Holyness
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Yayasan pendidikan merupakan lembaga yang berada di luar pemerintahan dan bersifat non profit oriented, turut terlibat aktif dalam upaya pengembangan pendidikan di Indonesia. UU PDRD memberi kesempatan bagi yayasan pendidikan untuk mendapatkan pengecualian pembayaran Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2). Permasalahan muncul di Kota Bandung setelah adanya kebijakan pengalihan pajak pusat ke daerah dengan pemungutan PBB-P2 terhadap yayasan pendidikan. Metode pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan kombinasi data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan yang dianalisis secara deskriptif-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya kriteria baku dan jelas terkait yayasan pendidikan yang dapat dikenakan pemungutan PBB-P2 dan Implementasi pemungutan PBB-P2 terhadap yayasan pendidikan di Kota Bandung dinilai belum maksimal karena pelaksanaan pemutakhiran data yang dilakukan pemerintah Kota Bandung belum menyeluruh serta minimnya sosialisasi dan komunikasi terkait pemungutan PBB-P2 terhadap yayasan pendidikan dalam kerangka pengembangan pendidikan nasional.             

Kata kunci: PBB-P2; penerapan; yayasan.

 

ABSTRACT

Educational foundations are institutions that are outside the government and are non-profit oriented, actively involved in efforts to develop education in Indonesia. The PDRD Law provides an opportunity for educational foundations to get exemptions from paying the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2). Problems arise in the city of Bandung after the policy of transferring the central tax to the regions by collecting PBB-P2 on educational foundations. The approach method in this research is a normative juridical method. The data in this study are a combination of primary data through interviews and secondary data through literature studies that are analyzed descriptively-analysis. The results showed that there were no clear and standard criteria related to educational foundations that could be subject to PBB-P2 collection and the implementation of PBB-P2 collection of educational foundations in Bandung was considered not optimal because the implementation of updating the data by the Bandung city government was not comprehensive and lack of socialization and communication related to PBB-P2 collection towards educational foundations within the framework of developing national education.

Keywords: foundation; implementation; PBB-P2
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HAK CIPTA TERHADAP LOGO INSTANSI PEMERINTAH DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PRINSIP ALTER EGO
Authors: Fatmashara Mahadiena , Amirulloh Muhamad , Rafianti Laina
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKSalah satu instansi pemerintah di Jawa Barat, menggunakan logo yang diciptakan oleh pegawai dari instansi tersebut. Pembuatan logo tidak diperjanjikan khusus, sehingga pencipta tidak mendapatkan royalti (materiil dan ekonomi). Hal tersebut menarik untuk dikaji mengenai Implementasi Prinsip Alter ego yang berkaitan pada hak cipta seseorang yang mengakui pencipta sebagai pemilik hak tertinggi. Pencipta memiliki hak alamiah untuk memanfaatkan ciptaannya dan mempertahankan ciptaannya terhadap gangguan apapun dari pihak lain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini bersifat deskriptif analitis guna memperoleh gambaran peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dikaitkan dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktek pelaksanaan hukum positif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka yang disebut data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, literatur-literatur, artikel-artikel, pendapat dan ajaran para ahli serta implementasinya dalam praktek. Apabila dilihat pada Pasal 35 ayat (1) dan (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta tidak terpenuhi. Meskipun instansi pemerintah tidak bertujuan untuk kegiatan komersial. Namun hak moral dan hak ekonomi hakikatnya wajib dilaksanakan sesuai dengan prinsip perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Perlindungan Hukum terhadap pencipta atas logo tetap harus diakui. Kata kunci: alter ego; hak cipta; hak moral; logo; instansi pemerintah.

ABSTRACTOne of the government agencies in West Java, using a logo created by employees of the agency. Logo creation is not specifically promised, so creators do not get royalties (material and economic). It is interesting to review the Implementation of Alter ego Principles relating to the copyright of a person who recognizes the creator as the owner of the highest right. The Creator has the natural right to utilize his creation and defend his creation against any interference from the other party.The research methods used in this writing are analytically descriptive to obtain an overview of the prevailing laws and regulations associated with legal theories and the practice of implementing positive laws. The approach used in this study is normative juridical, by examining library materials called secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, literature, articles, opinions, and teachings of experts and their implementation in practice.If viewed in Article 35 paragraph (1) and (2) of Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright is not fulfilled. Although government agencies do not aim for commercial activities. But moral rights and economic rights must essentially be implemented in accordance with the principles of intellectual property protection. Legal protection of creators over logos must still be recognized.Keywords: alter ego; copyright; government agencies; logo; moral rights.
PERAN KONVENSI HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL PBB 1982 DAN INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO) BAGI KESELAMATAN DAN KEAMANAN ANAK BUAH KAPAL (ABK) SELAMA BERLAYAR DALAM PELAYARAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Chann Piseth
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKEksploitasi terhadap tenaga kerja di laut lepas, khususnya ABK, masih sering terjadi. Meskipun tidak diatur secara spesifik, keselamatan dan keamanan ABK dapat dikaitkan dengan KHL PBB 1982, Pasal 94. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan Pasal 94 KHL dengan perlindungan terhadap ABK, peran IMO terhadap keselamatan dan keamanan ABK, dan kerja sama antara IMO dan ILO dalam menangani masalah eksploitasi sumber daya manusia dalam pelayaran internasional. Dari kajian ini dapat dijelaskan bahwa dalam KHL PBB 1982, Pasal 94 Ayat 2 (b) dan 3 (b) terdapat kewajiban yang dibebankan kepada Negara Bendera untuk ikut bertanggung jawab jika ABK mendapatkan suatu masalah. Sementara itu, sebagai agen khusus PBB, IMO telah mengadopsi satu Kode Manajemen Internasional dengan tujuan untuk memastikan keselamatan manusia dan menghindari kerusakan lingkungan laut. IMO, ILO dan Ad Hoc juga membentuk kerja sama tripartit untuk mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan ketenagakerjaan di laut. Kata Kunci: anak buah kapal; IMO; ILO; keselamatan dan keamanan

ABSTRACTExploitation of workers on the high seas, especially the ship's crew, is still common. Although not specifically regulated, the safety and security of the ship's crew can be linked to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 94. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between Article 94 UNCLOS and the protection of ship's crew, the role of International Maritime Organization (IMO) in the safety and security of ship's crew, and cooperation between IMO and ILO in dealing with the problem of exploitation of human resources in international shipping. From this study, it can be explained that in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 94 Paragraphs 2 (b) and 3 (b) there was an obligation imposed on the Flag State to take responsibility if the ship's crew had a problem. Meanwhile, as a UN special agent, IMO has adopted an International Management Code to ensure human safety and avoid damage to the marine environment. IMO, ILO and Ad Hoc also formed tripartite cooperation to regulate matters related to employment at sea.Keywords: ILO; IMO; security and safety; ship's crew
ANALISIS YURIDIS HAK EIGENDOM VERPONDING SEBAGAI JAMINAN KEBENDAAN
Authors: Irman Widi Kurniawan  , Etty Mulyati  , Betty Rubiati
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKDi dalam bagian kedua UUPA mengatur tentang pelaksanaan konversi hak atas tanah menjadi wujud kepastian hukum sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945. Namun kepastian hukum terhadap konversi Hak atas tanah barat terutama sertifikat Hak Eigendom Verponding masih menjadi problematika tersendiri bagi masyarakat yang memiliki bukti kepemilikan hak atas tanah barat tersebut apabila dijadikan sebuah jaminan guna memperoleh fasilitas kredit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dengan kajian bahan hukum primer, sekunder serta tersier. Berdasarkan pembahasan tersebut bahwa Kepastian Hukum terkait konversi hak Eigendom Verponding telah memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat dengan ketentuan diperlukan konversi sehingga dapat dijadikan objek jaminan namun dalam prakteknya masih terdapat objek jaminan dengan tidak memperhatikan asal mula objek jaminan tersebut serta akibat hukum terhadap konversi hak atas tanah tersebut adalah pemberlakuan UUPA menjadi dasar bahwasanya prinsip status quo hak atas tanah terdahulu memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dengan ketentuan hak-hak lama menjadi tidak diakui keberadaannya.

Kata Kunci: hak atas tanah; hak barat; kepastian hukum jaminan; konversi

ABSTRACTIn the second section of the UUPA regulates the conversion of land rights into a form of legal certainty as stipulated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. But the legal certainty of the conversion of the Right to western land, especially the Eigendom Verponding Rights certificate, remains a problem for people who have proof of ownership of the western land if it is used as a guarantee to obtain credit facilities. The research method used is normative juridical with the study of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Based on the discussion that legal certainty related to the conversion of rights Eigendom Verponding has had a binding legal force with the necessary provisions of conversion so that it can be used as an object of guarantee but in practice there is still an object of guarantee by not taking into account the origin of the object of the guarantee and the legal consequences of the conversion of the right to land is the enactment of the UUPA being the basis that the principle of the status quo of the former land rights provides a guarantee of legal certainty with the provisions of old rights to be unclaimed civility.

Keywords: conversion; guarantee legal certainty; land rights; western rights