bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-processing technique of Aquilaria species from Malaysia for four different qualities
Authors: Mohd Huzir Siti Mariatul Hazwa , Hasnu Al-Hadi Anis Hazirah 'Izzati , Zaidi Amir Hussairi , Ismail Nurlaila , Mohd Yusoff Zakiah , Haron Mohamad Hushni , Almisreb Ali Abd , Taib Mohd Nasir
Published: December 2023

The paper interprets data distribution by using boxplot pre-processing in classify the quality of Agarwood oil for eleven chemical substances into four different qualities. The varieties usage of Agarwood oil makes it considered as an expensive and valuable product on the essential oil market. Perfumes, fragrances, incense, aromatherapy, and traditional medicine are the most popular Agarwood oil applications. However, the classification of Agarwood oil grades does not yet have standard grading method. This because it has been graded manually into different qualities by using human sensory evaluation. Boxplot analysis involving eleven chemical subtances that will be focusing in this study by concerned the quality for low, medium low, medium high and high. ɤ-eudesmol, ar-curcumene, β-dihydro agarofuran, ϒ-cadinene, α-agarofuran, allo aromadendrene epoxide, valerianol, α-guaiene, 10-epi-ɤ-eudesmol, β-agarofuran, and dihydrocollumellarin compounds are the selected significant compounds that represent the input for boxplot. Agarwood oil consist 660 data samples from low, medium low, medium high, and high quality. The result in this study showed that the four selected significant compounds (ɤ-eudesmol, 10-epi-ɤ-eudesmol, β-agarofuran, and dihydrocollumellarin) are important as a marker for Agarwood oil quality classification. The identification of chemical substances on high quality done as reference for future research studies.
A hybrid facial features extraction-based classification framework for typhlotic people
Authors: Chopparapu SaiTeja , Seventline Joseph Beatrice
Published: December 2023

Facial features play a vital role in the real-time cloud-based applications. Since, most of the conventional models are difficult to detect heterogeneous facial features due to high computational memory and time for the internet of things (IoT) based video surveillance mechanisms. Video based facial features identification and extraction include a large number of candidates features which are difficult to detect the contextual similarity of the facial key points due to noise and computational memory. In order to resolve these issues, a hybrid multiple features extraction measures are implemented on the real-time video dataset to extract key points using the cloud-based classifier. In this work, a hybrid classifier is used to classify the key facial points in the cloud computing environment. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid multiple feature extraction-based frameworks have better computational efficiency in terms of error rate, recall, precision, and accuracy than the conventional models.
Machine learning prediction for academic misconduct prediction: an analysis of binary classification metrics
Authors: Masrom Suraya , Abdul Samad Nor Hafiza , Septiyanti Ratna , Roslan Nurshafinas , Rahman Rahayu Abdul
Published: December 2023

Academic misconduct is unethical behavior in academic work. To sustain integrity culture and mitigating unethical conducts among higher education institutions community, the academic misconduct detection must be done at an earlier stage. Thus, this study attempted to provide a new empirical contribution with the analysis of binary classification performances metrics to describe the ability of machine learning in predicting academic misconduct. Four machine learning algorithms have been used namely generalized linear model (GLM), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF). Beside performances comparison, this paper presents the analysis of academic misconduct factors that were constructed based on demography and fraud triangle theory (FTT). The findings showed that all the four machine learning algorithms have obtained good ability in the prediction models with the accuracy at above 80% and below 20% of the classification errors. Rationalization from the FTT attributes has shown as the most important factor in GLM, LR, and DT. In RF, opportunity of FTT attributes have become the most important. Compared to FTT attributes, demography attributes were not providing much benefits to all the machine learning models but remain applicable at very low weight correlations.
A novel miniaturized radiometer front-end for early breast cancer detection using ultra-wideband flexible antenna
Authors: Elouerghi Achraf , Khomsi Zakaryae , Bellarbi Larbi , Jbari Atman
Published: December 2023

This article introduces a new design of the front-end part of a passive and miniature radiometer, which has been developed to detect breast cancer at an early stage, by measuring temperature in deep mammary tissues. The design and simulation of each element of the microwave radiometer are carried out using computer simulation technology microwave (CST MWS) software. The proposed measurement system consists of a miniaturized ultra-wideband (UWB) flexible antenna operating in the S-band (2-4 GHz), a breast phantom, a low noise amplifier (LNA), a bandpass filter, and a radio frequency (RF) power detector. These components were combined with active circuits to build the front-end system using the co-simulation modules provided by the CST MWS. The method is based on the concept that the virtually created tumor increases the temperature inside the breast phantom, and to detect the abnormality, we applied the proposed radiometer front-end on breast phantom to measure the gain variation. The results demonstrated that the design of the proposed miniaturized radiometer has promising performance in terms of stability and gain variation, indeed, the difference in maximum gain |ΔGmax| measured between abnormal and healthy phantom is about 0.92 dB at 2.75 GHz. This indicates its potential for detecting breast tumors.
A reconfigurable switching diode loaded patch antenna for S, C, X, Ku, and K bands applications
Authors: Shuriji Mushreq Abdulhussain , Thaher Raad Hamdan
Published: December 2023

A reconfigurable patch loaded via a switching radio frequency (RF) diode has been designed, investigated, and fabricated. The fabricated microstrip is able to adjust among several frequencies. A spectrum analyzer is used to test and measure different modes of operations. The proposed antenna is offered a new solution of uncomplicated and incomplex design via eliminating the biasing circuit while maintaining the finest performance. Two fast-switching diodes have been inserted as a new electrical reconfiguration technique. Thus, the suggested antenna is skilled to function in different bands. An ultra-small size antenna of 31×21 mm2 has offered various operating frequencies such as S-band at 2.4 GHz, C-band at 4.97 GHz, 5.06 GHz, 5.18 GHz, 5.1 GHz, and 7.94 GHz, X-band at 10.73 GHz, 10.91 GHz, and 11.9 GHz, Ku-band at 13.52 GHz, 14.78 GHz, 14.97 GHz, 15.63 GHz, 16.4 GHz, 17.3 GHz, and 17.48 GHz, and K-band at 19 GHz. The manufactured reconfigurable patch antenna is proficient for several wireless technologies for instance industrial scientific medical band (ISM): Bluetooth, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi), ZigBee, internet of things (IoT), WiMAX, and smart power meters. Also, long term evolution (LTE), 5G applications, fixed wireless systems (FWS), and satellite communication applications.
The hybrid solar energized back-to-back high voltage direct current modular converter for distributed networks
Authors: Thadkapally Karunakar , Josh Francisxavier Thomas , Joseph Jeyaraj Jency , Jayakumar Jayaraj
Published: December 2023

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is flexible towards the power control (produced by solar or wind) and can be transported over thousands of kilo meters with minimal losses over the high voltage alternative current (HVAC). It allows solar power to be integrated into the current power grid on a large scale. The author view in this article aims at providing an overview of methods used to integrate HVDC and solar systems. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the solar power integration with HVDC transmission link. This article emphaises solar energy and grid integration, which results in quality and controlled electricity to the grid. Further the simulation studies are compared with real time data between the stations Pugalur AC grid (high solar energy region) and Thrissur AC grid (low solar energy region). Obtained results from the simulation, voltage and currents and power quality stresses the superiority towards the solar integration. The comparison studies enumerate the need to go situation for HVDC technology during the penetration of solar voltaic penetration into the utility network.
Trust aware angle based secure routing approach for wireless sensor network
Authors: Patil Hemavati , Tegampure Vishwanath
Published: December 2023

Security in wireless sensor network (WSN) is an important approach in the present context as data breaching is becoming more. The data to be routed from source to destination needs more security as WSN has no specific security approach by default. This paper proposes trust based security in WSN using approach. The secure line is drawn from head node to its cluster end point called as angle to provide the security to the nodes which are transferring the data to the head node. Secure line becomes the trust worth line where mobile agent migrates to all the corresponding nodes which are along or near to the secure lines, collects the data and encrypt them. Finally, the data is sent to sink node from head node using a secure path. The agent paradigm is responsible for creating the angle from head node to cluster boundary. Multiple angles can be created if numbers of nodes are more and deployed at different locations. The result shows that the security provided is much better to combat the intruder involvement to breach data along with better network lifetime and minimum delay than compare to conventional techniques.
The scheduling techniques in the Hadoop and Spark of smart cities environment: a systematic review
Authors: Mirza Nada Massed , Ali Adnan , Ishak Mohamad Khairi
Published: December 2023

Processing extensive and diverse data in real-time is a significant challenge in the context of smart cities. Timely access to information and efficient analytics is essential for smart city services to make data-driven decisions and enhance urban living. Scheduling algorithms play a crucial role in ensuring the prompt delivery of services and efficient task completion. This paper explores various scheduling techniques, including static, dynamic, and hybrid schedulers, and compares their objectives and performance. Additionally, the study examines two prominent data processing frameworks, Hadoop and Spark, and compares their capabilities in handling big data in smart cities. With its ability to process large amounts of data quickly and efficiently, Spark has shown superiority over Hadoop in real-time data processing and performance optimization. The paper concludes by highlighting the strengths and limitations of each framework. It discusses the need for further research in optimizing scheduling techniques and exploring hybrid artificial intelligence scheduling for Spark. Overall, the findings contribute to a better understanding of data processing in real-time and provide insights for researchers and practitioners in smart cities.
High capacity double precision image steganography based on chaotic maps
Authors: Al Rubaie Salwan Fadhel , Al-Azawi Maher K. Mahmood
Published: December 2023

Steganography is the process of hiding confidential information within non-secret multimedia such that the 3rd party cannot distinguish if there is a secret message in it or not. Whereas cryptography is the technique of using mathematical concepts to convert information into unreadable codes via a key. This paper will propose two approaches, lossless and lossy image steganography. Both of them will use cryptography and steganography based on three different chaotic maps to ensure information security. In the cryptography part, two chaotic maps will be used to encrypt the secret information, while in the steganography section, one chaotic map is used to embed the message. The secret information will be concealed in the least significant bits (LSBs) of the double-precision image’s pixels. The double precision image is a high-quality image and can be represented in 64 bits per pixel for grayscale images, leading to a very high redundant bit. Simulation results show a high embedding capacity of 60.938% and 400% for lossless and lossy approaches respectively with a peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) reach of 69.964 dB. Furthermore, this system is extremely secure due to the use of 3 chaotic maps with key space 2448.
Effect of proton radiation on gallium nitride light emitting diodes
Authors: Baba Tamana , Husni Muhammad Hazeeq , Saidin Norazlina , Hasbullah Nurul Fadzlin
Published: December 2023

The compound semiconductor gallium nitride offers enormous potential for facilitating economic expansion in the silicon-based semiconductor industry, which is currently seeing decreasing performance returns compared to investment costs. Its high electron mobility and electric field strength at the material level have already demonstrated enormous potential for photonics and high-frequency communications applications. However, its application in devices used in the radiation-prone environment is hindered by degradation and failure caused by the radiation. In this paper, the effect of proton radiation on the electrical properties of InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) for the fluence range of 1×1014 cm-2 to 3×1014 cm-2 is performed. On comparing the results before and after radiation, it is found that radiation mainly affected the reverse IV characteristics of the device with little or no effect on forward IV or CV characteristics. Apart from the electric properties, the optical properties of the LEDs show improvement after radiation as the light intensity increases post-irradiation.
Software defined networking for internet of things: review, techniques, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Al-Shareeda Mahmood A. , Abdullah Alsadhan Abeer , H. Qasim Hamzah , Manickam Selvakumar
Published: December 2023

Security networks as one of the biggest issue for network managers with the exponential growth of devices connected to the internet. Keeping a big and diverse network running smoothly and securely is no easy feat. With this in mind, emerging technologies like software defined networking (SDN) and internet of things (IoT) hold considerable promise for information service innovation in the cloud and big data era. Therefore, this paper describes the model of SDN and the architecture of IoT. Then this review does not only review the research studies in SDN-IoT but also provides an explanation of the SDN-IoT solution in terms of architecture, main consideration, model, and the implementation of SDN controllers for IoT. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and future directions. This paper can be used as a starting point for thinking about how to improve SDN-IoT security and privacy.
Self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm with dynamic fitness-ranking mutation and pheromone strategy
Authors: Singsathid Pirapong , Wetweerapong Jeerayut , Puphasuk Pikul
Published: December 2023

Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based optimization algorithm widely used to solve a variety of continuous optimization problems. The self-adaptive DE algorithm improves the DE by encoding individual parameters to produce and propagate better solutions. This paper proposes a self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm with dynamic fitness-ranking mutation and pheromone strategy (SDE-FMP). The algorithm introduces the dynamical mutation operation using the fitness rank of the individuals to divide the population into three groups and then select groups and their vectors with adaptive probabilities to create a mutant vector. Mutation and crossover operations use the encoded scaling factor and the crossover rate values in a target vector to generate the corresponding trial vector. The values are changed according to the pheromone when the trial vector is inferior in the selection, whereas the pheromone is increased when the trial vector is superior. In addition, the algorithm also employs the resetting operation to unlearn and relearn the dominant pheromone values in the progressing search. The proposed SDE-FMP algorithm using the suitable resetting periods is compared with the well-known adaptive DE algorithms on several test problems. The results show that SDE-FMP can give high-precision solutions and outperforms the compared methods.
Implementing and developing multi-stage cryptography technique for low-cost long-range communication system
Authors: Hamad Eyad M. , Alabed Samer , Alsaraira Amer , Saraereh Omar A.
Published: December 2023

The requirement for a secure emergency communication system has become imperative in tandem with the industrial revolution. Additionally, the development of technology has led to increasingly robust penetration techniques that pose a threat to communication system security, leaving data vulnerable to unwanted third parties. This paper introduces a novel, powerful security approach that ensures a secure emergency communication system. Moreover, this research focuses on several cryptographic techniques among various symmetric and asymmetric ciphers, including advanced encryption standards, substitution, and transposition. The article presents an affordable and secure communication system that can transmit data over long distances with low power consumption using long-range technology. This system features a unique function that transmits updated locations, directing rescuers to the designated location.
The influence of school climate on high school teachers’ job satisfaction in a conflict-affected country
Authors: Noori Abdul Qawi , Said Hamdan , Orfan Sayeed Naqibullah , Mohd Anis Siti Nisrin
Published: December 2023

School climate plays a vital role in a teacher’s job performance, satisfaction, and school effectiveness. There were abundant studies on school climate and effectiveness and its relationship with teachers’ job performance and job satisfaction for primary and secondary schools in developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, there were scarce studies on teachers’ satisfaction in underdeveloped countries with prolonged conflicts and government instability. This study investigated the influence of school climate on teachers’ job satisfaction in a conflict-affected country, Afghanistan. It employed a survey questionnaire to collect data from public high school teachers in the Takhar province of Afghanistan. The data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed with the aid of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Despite prolonged conflicts and government instability, the study found a statistically positive correlation between school climate and high school teachers’ job satisfaction. It also revealed statistically significant differences in the satisfaction level of teachers by their demographic variables, i.e., gender, educational qualification, age, and working experience. The study suggests that education administrators, school leaders, and other stakeholders develop a policy advancing a peaceful and conducive learning environment to improve student’s learning outcomes, teachers’ job performance and satisfaction, and school effectiveness. Future studies may qualitatively examine schools in different parts of the country.
Spice plants as a biology learning resource based-education for sustainable development
Authors: Hartanti Ratna Dyah , Paidi Paidi , Aloysius Suyitno , Kuswanto Heru , Rasis Rifqi
Published: December 2023

Studying biology has research topics that are closely related to all the living things around the student and important for them to understand thoroughly. One of the local potentials in the environment around students that can be used as a source of learning biology is spice plants. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research aims to describe the spice plants in the Botanical Smartpark, which can be used as learning resources. The result of this research shows that there are 57 species and 27 families of spice plants found at the Botanical Smartpark, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Spice plant biology objects can be used in biology learning by using project-based learning and socio-scientific issues-based learning models. In addition, this local potential can support education for sustainable development (ESD), through environmental conservation.
Identifying common errors in polynomials of eighth grade students
Authors: Ekamornaroon Thayarat , Sa Ngiamsunthorn Parinya , Phaksunchai Mingkhuan , Chonchaiya Ratchanikorn
Published: December 2023

This research aims to study and classify errors in polynomials made by secondary school students. The data for error identification was collected from exercise books of 72 eighth grade students. Three types of errors were examined: careless, computational, and conceptual errors. The errors were considered according to four topics in polynomials: similar terms of monomials; addition of polynomials; subtraction of polynomials; and multiplication of polynomials. It is found that students made the highest computational errors in identifying monomials’ similarity, which accounts for 17.86%. They have the highest percentage of making computational errors in the addition and subtraction of polynomials, which account for 10.88% and 12.04%, respectively. Lastly, they have the highest percentage of making careless errors in the multiplication of polynomials, which accounts for 14.44%. Furthermore, it can be seen that the source of errors is learners’ carelessness when writing the question and its answer. In addition, the basic knowledge of computing addition, subtraction, and multiplication of integers is the most crucial factor that leads to incorrect answers. Nevertheless, most students understand the principle of polynomials, but frequently make errors on other issues.
Assessing numeracy skills on flat shapes and scaffolding forms in junior high school
Authors: Setiyani Setiyani , Waluya Stevanus Budi , Sukestiyarno Yohanes Leonardus , Cahyono Adi Nur , Dwi Santi Dina Pratiwi
Published: December 2023

Based on The Regulation of The Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology No.17 of 2021, cognitive learning outcomes consist of literacy and numeracy as measured through a minimum competency assessment (MCA) with grade 5, 8, and 11. The subjects in this study are 42 students of grade VIII (second grade) from state Junior High School 4 Cirebon and State Junior High School 2 Cirebon, Indonesia. The instruments were tests of numeracy literacy skills, documentation, and interviews. Purposive sampling was used to determine the subject of analysis of test results and interviews. The data were analyzed descriptively through the following stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawing. The results showed that the research subjects are still not familiar with numeracy literacy questions which have the characteristics of always being preceded by texts, not understanding what is known and asked in the questions so they tend to blindly guess the answers and needed to be reminded of the prerequisite material. Based on the results of this study, teachers can develop learning media, project-based learning, scaffolding, and teaching materials that accommodate numeracy skills or differentiated learning.
Honey and Mumford learning style: creative thinking process in solving statistical problems
Authors: Ferdiani Rosita Dwi , Harianto Wahyudi
Published: December 2023

This research revealed the nature of students’ creative thinking processes with theoretical and pragmatic learning styles in solving problems. The creative thinking process of these students goes through the stages of synthesizing ideas, building ideas, planning the implementation of ideas, and implementing ideas. This research was conducted at one of the junior high schools in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. Prospective research subjects are second grade students, totaling 150 students. The research instrument is the researcher as the main instrument and is assisted by additional instruments, namely the learning styles questionnaire (LSQ), the creative thinking test presented in E-module using science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) project-based learning, and interview guidelines. Based on the results of research on creative thinking processes in solving problems in students with theoretical learning styles and students with pragmatic learning styles, it can be concluded that there are differences in the creative thinking process at each stage, namely the stages of synthesizing ideas, building ideas, planning implementation of ideas, and implementing ideas. This difference is caused by differences in character between students with theoretical learning styles and pragmatic learning styles that influence students in building ideas to implement ideas.
Effectiveness of learning mathematics derivative materials using modules equipped with cooperative models in high schools
Authors: Lumbantoruan Jitu Halomoan , Manalu Risma Uly
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research is to improve the learning outcomes of mathematics material in high schools. At the high school level, there are three materials that are difficult for students to understand, one of which is derivative material. In fact, student learning outcomes in low-derived material. Difficulties arise because teachers rarely write teaching modules. There is difficulty understanding the definition (71.42%), concepts (71.42%), principles (57.14%), and skills (42.85%). In the needs analysis, 90% of students had difficulty with derivative material and the teacher was of the opinion that 85% of students had low scores on derived material. The research used research and development (R&D) method. The stages of research are needs analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. As a result, the validation of material experts is 91.72%, math teachers are 92.42%, and students are 95.90%, all three are categorized as very good. Students who do not use the module get an average score of 65.51, and students who are assisted by the module get an average score of 87.20. In conclusion, there is a significant difference between using a module and not using a module of 21.69. The research interprets the developed modules to significantly improve student learning outcomes.
Driving to communicative approach: the innovative teaching speaking methods in Indonesian English immersion program
Authors: Pratiwi Widya Rizky , Kuswoyo Heri , Puspitasari Maya , Juhana Juhana , Bachtiar Bachtiar
Published: December 2023

Students’ failure to be successful English learners is primarily due to uninteresting materials that lead to demotivation in learning. This research aimed to uncover the students’ motivation to study in the Indonesian English immersion program (IEIP) of Kampung Inggris Pare and to investigate the innovative methods of teaching speaking as a communicative approach in the IEIP at Kampung Inggris Pare. This qualitative study with a micro-ethnography approach was conducted in four English course institutions by associating ten students and four teachers as participants. By having the initial interviews, the results revealed that most students perceived learning English at formal schools as unsatisfied. In comparison, the two months of observation in “the daffodils, Mr. Bob, Kresna, and Peace” English course institutions found that the teachers taught speaking by integrating the other skills and utilizing some sources. They could regulate and deliver the materials attractively based on their methods. The communicative methods employed namely teaching speaking through writing practice (TSWP), teaching speaking through listening practice (TSLP), and teaching speaking through visual media or pictures (TSVM). This study supports students learning English at the IEIP because it fits the purpose of communicative goals, which directs the students’ success.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards anemia prevention among female students in Indonesia: a mixed method study
Authors: Munira Lafi , Viwattanakulvanid Pramon
Published: December 2023

Based on the Indonesian national health survey in 2018, the prevalence of anemia in young women aged 15-34 was 48.9%. This study aimed to examine the influence of knowledge and attitude on anemia prevention practice and to identify reasons for not practicing anemia prevention among female high school students in Banjarmasin municipality, Indonesia. A mixed method sequential explanatory was applied for this study. The respondents are 350 female high school students from three senior high schools, chosen purposively for a cross-sectional study and followed by focus group discussion with 15 students and in-depth interviews with three teachers and four health workers. The results revealed that 254 (72.6%) female students had poor practice, 147 (42.0%) had poor attitude, and 169 (48.3 %) had poor knowledge related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) prevention. Female students in the older age group (17-18 years old) (adjusted odds ratio/AOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.12, 3.16), studying at vocational school (AOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05, 3.27), good knowledge (AOR 2.52, 95% CI 1.49, 4.26) were significant predictors on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) prevention. The qualitative findings found that the reasons for not practicing anemia prevention include poor knowledge about anemia practice prevention, dislike of iron tablets, and ineffective anemia education program due to poor coordination and communication between health workers and teachers. Effective anemia education programs at schools are needed to enhance students' knowledge related to anemia prevention.
Evaluation of students’ environmental attitude instruments: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Izzah Siti Nurul , Sudarmin Sudarmin , Wiyanto Wiyanto , Wardani Sri
Published: December 2023

One’s environmental attitude can predict human behavior toward the environment. This study aimed to validate the environmental attitude instrument with the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in ethnoscience-integrated (Ethno-STEM) approach. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items and was tested on 159 eighth-grade students. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The communality value of three instrument items was less than 0.5, so they were excluded in EFA stage 1. The EFA stage 2 test results showed that the 13 instrument items had a factor loading of more than 0.5 and were categorized into five factors. The CFA stage 1 was conducted using linear structural relations (LISREL) and obtained thet-value for all items in factors 1-4 more than the t-table, so they were declared valid. Factor 5 was omitted in CFA test stage 2 due to invalid items. The CFA test results showed that the t-count of the four factors was more than the t-table. Based on the goodness of fit value, the model and measurement matrices were the same (model fit). Thus, the environmental attitude instrument items are declared valid, and the model is fit. The instrument can be used to measure environmental attitudes.
The role of psychological security climate, leadership, and self-efficacy on teachers capability through knowledge management
Authors: Siswanto Edy , Samsudi Samsudi , Supraptono Eko , Sutopo Yeri
Published: December 2023

The study analyzed the relationship of leadership to knowledge management, leadership to innovation capability, psychological security climate to knowledge management, psychological security climate to innovation capability, self-efficacy to knowledge management, self-efficacy to innovation capability, knowledge management to innovation capability. The unit of analysis was vocational teachers and principals of vocational schools. The number of teachers from the respondents education unit is 3,056 teachers. By using the Slovin formula, the minimum number of sample sizes is 354 people and the sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The data analysis technique in this study uses partial least square (PLS). The results of data processing show that leadership has a significant effect on knowledge management, leadership has a significant effect on innovation capability, psychological security climate has a significant effect on knowledge management, psychological security climate has a significant effect on innovation capability, self-efficacy has a significant effect on knowledge management, self-efficacy has a significant effect on innovation capability, knowledge management has a significant effect on innovation capability. This research contributes to improving the quality of curriculum, teachers, and graduates of vocational schools/polytechnics in the 21st century.
Fuzzy Delphi method for A-level mathematics technological pedagogical and content knowledge module
Authors: Chua Chinghao , Kosnin Azlina Mohd , Yeo Kee Jiar
Published: December 2023

This study sought to identify the elements for designing and developing the A-level mathematics technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) teaching module. The aim of the module was to incorporate various pedagogies and technological tools for helping mathematics teachers to trigger, maintain, as well as sustain students’ interest in learning mathematics. This study used the Fuzzy Delphi method to determine the consensus on how A-level mathematics instruction should be designed. A semi-structured interview had first been conducted to develop a questionnaire. Then, a group of 16 experts was consulted together to discuss their ratings and reach a consensus. The group of experts included educational technology and subject matter experts. Data analysis results showed that the experts accepted all these elements through the expert consensus value above 75%, the threshold value (d)≤0.2, and the Fuzzy score (A)≥α-cut value of 0.5. This research provides implication to A-level mathematics teachers to systematically create an environment that is more conducive to learning and that will ultimately lead to an increase level of students’ interest towards learning.
An exploratory study on perceived online learning experience of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Singh Priyanka , P. J. Shyju , Ranjan Ranjeeva , Dubey Binayak Kumar , Singh Chandra Shamsher Bahadur
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the pace of online learning amidst the health crisis unprecedentedly. Students worldwide witnessed the transition of the education system from physical classes to virtual mode and adapted themselves to accommodate the challenges and sustain the learning process. This study was carried out to understand the emotional factors and student engagement in various activities during the pandemic and to examine the perceived learning experience. The present study explored the perceived experience of university students in online learning in India. The study used a survey method and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results showed that students adapted to online education in the later phase better than the initial stage. The study reported increased stress levels among students. A two-way group analysis of selected variables (gender, age, stress, and loneliness) on perceived learning issues demonstrated significant results. The study’s findings revealed students’ experiences in online learning practice and develop the scope for further discussions to improve the learning process in online settings.
Research trends in critical thinking skills in mathematics: a bibliometric study
Authors: Khusna Arif Hidayatul , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko , Wijayanti Pradnyo
Published: December 2023

This study systematically reviews and analyzes previous studies’ literature to identify the research gaps and the steps that must be taken for research on critical thinking in further mathematics education. Two methods, namely bibliometric analysis and descriptive content analysis, were used to achieve this goal. Data for the bibliometric analysis was obtained from the Scopus database, with the keywords “critical thinking” and “mathematics” Documents accessed are limited to the publication range of 2012-2022. The results show that the number of critical thinking research in mathematics has increased significantly, with a peak in 2021 of 65 articles; the United States has the most research and citations. The source that received the most citations was the journal Educational Studies in Mathematics. The evolution of the theme of critical thinking in mathematics began to link critical thinking with collaboration learning, mathematics education, teacher education, engineering, education, and collaborative learning. The quantitative approach with a student sample, tests as data collection instruments, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method is the methodology most often used by researchers. The results of this study are likely helpful for other researchers who will examine critical thinking skills in mathematics, namely as a research guide that they will develop. In addition, the existence of several research gaps can motivate other researchers to fill these gaps to contribute to improving the quality of critical thinking in mathematics.
Systematic literature review on the implementation of the Six Sigma approach in education
Authors: Sabtu Siti Hannah , Matore Mohd Effendi@Ewan Mohd
Published: December 2023

The quality of teaching and pedagogical practices of teachers is a global issue in education. The success of Six Sigma in several industries stimulates its potential to be applied in the field of education. However, discussions related to Six Sigma development in systematic education are still very limited. Therefore, this systematic literature study was conducted to synthesize empirical data on the implementation of the Six Sigma approach in education. This study focuses on two main objectives, namely, to identify the trends in the implementation of the Six Sigma approach in education based on national and year tendencies as well as to identify research sampling trends and the focus of the field of study. The Web of Science and Scopus databases have been used based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The findings of systematic literature articles showed that India is the most dominant country conducting Six Sigma studies in education. Furthermore, related studies were conducted the most in 2017. In addition, the research samples are also more focused on the context of higher education institutions. These findings help improve the general understanding of Six Sigma in education to improve the quality of teachers in schools further.
The validity and reliability of culturally responsive leadership practice instruments in small schools peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Razali Mohd Norlizam , A. Hamid Aida Hanim , Alias Bity Salwana , Mansor Azlin Norhaini
Published: December 2023

A culturally responsive leadership instrument was developed to determine the level of culturally responsive leadership practice of headmasters in small schools in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was conducted in Perak and Negeri Sembilan to determine the instrument’s reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item reliability analysis were used to determine the questionnaire’s reliability and validity. Next, the average congruence percentage (ACP) is used to determine the reliability test between expert assessors. Experts approved the validity and reliability of the instrument before the EFA test was conducted. All four constructs have high-reliability index values between 0.88–0.93. Next, the EFA analysis shows four dimensions in the culturally responsive leadership instrument with factor loadings ranging from 0.62–0.88. The findings also show that the variance explained in the data is 65.16% with an eigenvalue greater than 1. This result showed that all items are received with high approval. In addition, the reliability coefficient α=0.93 is very high. The results prove that this culturally responsive leadership instrument has high validity and reliability and can measure the level of culturally responsive leadership implementation practices in small schools in Peninsular Malaysia.
Sustainable leadership practices among school leaders and their relationship with school climate
Authors: Abdul Rahim Muhammad Hasrizal , Mohd Hamzah Mohd Izam , A. Hamid Aida Hanim
Published: December 2023

Sustainable leadership practices ensure that the mission and vision of a school continue despite changes and challenges. Such a practice can build the capacity of the organization based on the environment, especially in shaping a better school climate. Past studies have found a significant link between school leadership practices and the school climate. However, there has been little discussion about the phenomenal relationship the in rural national secondary school (SMK) context. Hence, this study aimed to identify the level of sustainable leadership practices of principals and their relationship with the school climate in rural SMK in Malaysia. A total of 450 teachers were selected to participate in the study using proportionate random sampling and questionnaires were adopted as the research method. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the research population located in rural areas, data were collected through the mail. The findings showed that the level of sustainable leadership practices of the principals was high (M=4.18, SD=0.52), along with a high level of the school climate (M=4.14, SD=0.51). Sustainable leadership practices were also positively associated with school climate (r=0.607, p<0.05). These findings can be used by the Ministry of Education Malaysia to enhance sustainable leadership practices in the national education leaders professional qualifications designed specifically for future school leaders in Malaysia. In this regard, it is hoped that these findings will enrich the literature on sustainable leadership practices and the school climate.
Designing learning activities to develop self-directed learning competency in teaching informatics
Authors: Thuy Kieu Phuong , Trung Nguyen Chi
Published: December 2023

Currently, there are not many studies on teaching informatics in the direction of developing students’ self-directed learning (SDL) competency. The results of the survey with 235 informatics teachers in 42 provinces/cities across Vietnam showed that although they are very interested in teaching SDL, teachers are still confused about teaching methods and assessments. To improve the effectiveness of informatics teaching as well as develop SDL for students, the study proposed a method of teaching informatics in the direction of designing activities to guide students to create digital products by themselves. The pedagogical experiment on assessing SDL and learning outcomes was conducted on two experimental and control groups, selected from 87 10th grade students, in the first semester of the school year 2022-2023 at Cam Giang High school in Hai Duong, Vietnam. The results of SDL and test scores of the experimental class were higher than that of the control class (with p-value <0.005– this difference is statistically significant). This proves that the method (creating of digital products) is effective, positively affecting students’ learning, helping students develop SDL competency.
Return on investment from educational research grant funding: deliverables and measurement
Authors: Rahman Ahmad Taufek Abdul , Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz , Abd Hamid Umi Marshida , Md Ghani Nor Azura , Md Zain Nur Adilah
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the return on investment (ROI) paradigm from fundamental educational research grant funding perspectives. The researchers conducted a wide-ranging literature search regarding the educational research grant funding ROI from public policy and economics viewpoints. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) were utilized to identify and analyze research articles and original reports related to ROI from educational research grant funding. The research data were screened through a literature review based on the inclusion criteria, namely study focusing on return on investment of educational research funding and study published between 2001 and 2021 (as of December 2022). This study found evidence that ROI calculation from fundamental educational research grants is not straightforward and varies. Besides, most available research focuses on research impact rather than economic and intrinsic research value. Based on the compiled literature on research-related performance attributes, this study identified three distinct deliverables of educational research funding: tangible output, intangible output, and research outcome. The present research proposes more robust and reliable methods for measuring the ROI of fundamental educational research impact, potentially generating a much-inform decision-making and resource allocation in educational research grant funding.
Distributive leadership as predictor of 21st century teaching practices
Authors: Ponnusamy Nantah , Raman Arumugam
Published: December 2023

The concept of distributive leadership is a vital component of 21st century teaching practices. This study aimed to identify the dimensions that influence the development and implementation of science and mathematics teaching in dual language program schools. It was conducted with the help of over 336 teachers from 93 dual language program (DLP) schools in Malaysia. The distributive leadership readiness scale and 21st century skill (4C) questionnaire was used to collect data and analyze the effects of various dimensions on the development and implementation of science and mathematics teaching in dual language program schools. The results of the study revealed that the P3 model was associated with 14.9% (=.149) increase in the variance of 21st century teaching practices. The results of the analysis revealed that the changes in the three leadership style components included in the regenerating model were significant. The shared responsibility, leadership style and the combination of these dimensions contributed to the 12.9% (=.129) increase in variance. The research also found a positive relationship between 21st century teaching practices and the distributive leadership concept. The findings support the notion that distributive leadership can be a weak factor influencing the development and implementation of 21st century teaching practices.
Academic performance of online physical education learning during COVID-19 outbreak: systematic literature review
Authors: Haryanto Jeki , Setiawan Edi , Gani Ruslan Abdul , Padli Padli , Ifdil Ifdil
Published: December 2023

In the COVID-19 outbreak, a strong learning strategy is essential to achieving success in student academic performance. This study aims to find out the academic performance of online physical education courses as the COVID-19 outbreak spreads globally. This study’s objective is to assess how online physical education performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Science Direct, Taylor and Francis online, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, and Wiley online library are the databases that are deployed to look for papers about studies. Online search references are found by using a procedure that involves typing in terms of physical education programs during the COVID-19 outbreak for each database. To achieve three articles as results after the screening procedure, the author’s selection criteria for inclusion and exclusion were applied to the search results from the 263 articles that were created from the complete database. The review’s conclusion is teaching online physical education during the COVID-19 outbreak still produces good academic performance. The usage of technology to teach all of the students during COVID-19 online is the primary reason for maintaining student academic performance.