bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steroidal Oximes: Useful Compounds with Antitumor Activities
Authors: Canario Catarina , Silvestre Samuel , Falcao Amilcar , Alves Gilberto
Published: October 2017

Background:

Steroids play an important role in life because they can regulate
a variety of biological processes and have been widely used in medicine namely as antiinflammatory,
anabolic, contraceptives and anticancer drugs. In recent years, there has
been an increasing interest in the introduction of the oxime group in a large variety of
molecules in order to increase their biological effects. This review highlights steroidal
oximes with anticancer properties and their potential mechanisms of action, as well as
data on their relative potencies reported in literature in the last few years.

Methods:

To prepare this review, an extensive literature search was performed on three
databases, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Science Direct, to generate a critical but
comprehensive overview of the potential antitumor activities of steroidal oximes. The
main keywords used for the search consisted of combinations of the following terms or
their synonyms: steroidal oximes, anticancer activity and enzymatic inhibitory activity.
The abstracts and full texts were evaluated for their clarity and scientific merit and to further
help on the selection of other articles.

Results:

Over the last decades the introduction of oxime groups in the steroid scaffold is
originating molecules with relevant antitumor activities, as well as steroid sulfatase, aromatase,
17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase, 5α-reductase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type 1 inhibitory activities. As relevant examples, pregnenolone 20-oximes
showed high activity as 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase and 5α-reductase inhibitors and the
introduction of an oxime group at C-6 in androstane series also led to relevant results as
aromatase inhibitors. Interestingly, the introduction of this functional group frequently
improves the bioactivity when compared with non-oxime analogous compounds, which
can be due to extra interactions with biological targets. In addition, it has been observed
that varying the position of the hydroximino group on the parent skeleton leads to remarkable
changes in the antitumor activity.

Conclusion:

The recent advances in synthesis and in vitro bioactivity studies of steroidal
oximes contributed to understand the potential interest of the introduction of this functional
group in the steroidal nucleus in the development of anticancer molecules. Moreover,
the cytotoxic/enzyme inhibitory activity usually depends on the position of the oxime
group in different steroid scaffolds. However, despite the promising results, it is necessary
to perform more in vitro and in vivo assays not only to better explore the mechanisms of
action but also to confirm the potential effectiveness and safety of this interesting family
of compounds in clinical practice.
Petiole anatomy of Indian species of the genera Smilax L. and Heterosmilax Kunth. (Smilacaceae).
Authors: S. Baruah , D. Baro , S.K. Borthakur
Published: October 2017

Petiole anatomy of 12 species, 11 species of Smilax L. and one species of Heterosmilax Kunth., of the family Smilacaceae have been studied. Anatomical features of the petiole provide supporting evidences for the infra-specific circumscription of the occurring in India.
COMPUTER-BASED INTERVENTION FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER CHILDREN AND THEIR SOCIAL SKILLS: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Kaur Kanwajit , Pany S.
Published: October 2017

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises due to the abnormal development of the brain. ASD children mainly deficit in social and communication skills. Computer based intervention has been identified as one of the most prominent method to improve social skills of autism spectrum disorder children. Computer based intervention such as serious game, virtual reality, robotic, neurofeedback and multitouch interfaces have been developed to support children with ASD. This paper analyses and reflects all the previous researches carried out in computer based interventions for children of ASD to improve social skills since 2010.This literature review addresses two systematic research questions: How the computer based intervention is used or developed and the effectiveness of computer based intervention for autism spectrum disorder children in improvement of social skills. Therefore, the specific objectives of this paper are described as; to review the computer based interventions which were used to improve social skills of autism spectrum disorder children; and to analyse the findings of the previous work.The analysis of different studies revealed that computer based games are popularly used to improve the social skills of the ASD children and it is also observed that computer based interventions proved to be the useful interventions to improve the social skills of autism spectrum disorder children.
Perceptions of Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Treated in Swedish Primary Health Care: Qualitative Study on Using eHealth Services for Self-Management Support (Preprint)
Authors: Öberg Ulrika , Isaksson Ulf , Jutterström Lena , Orre Carl Johan , Hörnsten Åsa
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Digital health services are increasing rapidly worldwide. Strategies to involve patients in self-monitoring of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on a daily basis is of crucial importance, and there is a need to optimize the delivery of care such as self-management support. Digitalized solutions have the potential to modify and personalize the way in which people use primary health services, both by increasing access to information and providing other forms of support at a distance. It is a challenge to integrate core values of person-centered care into digitalized health care services.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to describe perceptions of using electronic health (eHealth) services and related technologies for self-management support among people with T2D treated in Swedish primary health care.

METHODS

This is a qualitative study based on interviews analyzed using qualitative content analysis conducted among people diagnosed with T2D.

RESULTS

Findings suggest that the participants had mixed feelings regarding the use of digital health services for self-management support. They experienced potentials such as increased involvement, empowerment, and security, as well as concerns such as ambivalence and uncertainty.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital health services for self-management are easily accessible and have the potential to reach a wide population. However, targeted training to increase digital skills is required, and personalized devices must be adapted and become more person-centered to improve patients’ involvement in their own care.
The Physiological Bases of Hidden Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Protocol for a Functional Neuroimaging Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dewey Rebecca Susan , Hall Deborah A , Guest Hannah , Prendergast Garreth , Plack Christopher J , Francis Susan T
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Rodent studies indicate that noise exposure can cause permanent damage to synapses between inner hair cells and high-threshold auditory nerve fibers, without permanently altering threshold sensitivity. These demonstrations of what is commonly known as hidden hearing loss have been confirmed in several rodent species, but the implications for human hearing are unclear.

OBJECTIVE

Our Medical Research Council–funded program aims to address this unanswered question, by investigating functional consequences of the damage to the human peripheral and central auditory nervous system that results from cumulative lifetime noise exposure. Behavioral and neuroimaging techniques are being used in a series of parallel studies aimed at detecting hidden hearing loss in humans. The planned neuroimaging study aims to (1) identify central auditory biomarkers associated with hidden hearing loss; (2) investigate whether there are any additive contributions from tinnitus or diminished sound tolerance, which are often comorbid with hearing problems; and (3) explore the relation between subcortical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures and the auditory brainstem response (ABR).

METHODS

Individuals aged 25 to 40 years with pure tone hearing thresholds ≤20 dB hearing level over the range 500 Hz to 8 kHz and no contraindications for MRI or signs of ear disease will be recruited into the study. Lifetime noise exposure will be estimated using an in-depth structured interview. Auditory responses throughout the central auditory system will be recorded using ABR and fMRI. Analyses will focus predominantly on correlations between lifetime noise exposure and auditory response characteristics.

RESULTS

This paper reports the study protocol. The funding was awarded in July 2013. Enrollment for the study described in this protocol commenced in February 2017 and was completed in December 2017. Results are expected in 2018.

CONCLUSIONS

This challenging and comprehensive study will have the potential to impact diagnostic procedures for hidden hearing loss, enabling early identification of noise-induced auditory damage via the detection of changes in central auditory processing. Consequently, this will generate the opportunity to give personalized advice regarding provision of ear defense and monitoring of further damage, thus reducing the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss.
Increasing Physical Activity Amongst Overweight and Obese Cancer Survivors Using an Alexa-Based Intelligent Agent for Patient Coaching: Protocol for the Physical Activity by Technology Help (PATH) Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Hassoon Ahmed , Schrack Jennifer , Naiman Daniel , Lansey Dina , Baig Yasmin , Stearns Vered , Celentano David , Martin Seth , Appel Lawrence
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Physical activity has established health benefits, but motivation and adherence remain challenging.

OBJECTIVE

We designed and launched a three-arm randomized trial to test artificial intelligence technology solutions to increase daily physical activity in cancer survivors.

METHODS

A single-center, three-arm randomized clinical trial with an allocation ration of 1:1:1: (A) control, in which participants are provided written materials about the benefits of physical activity; (B) text intervention, where participants receive daily motivation from a fully automated, data-driven algorithmic text message via mobile phone (Coachtext); and (C) Voice Assist intervention, where participants are provided with an in-home on demand autonomous Intelligent Agent using data driven Interactive Digital Voice Assist on the Amazon Alexa/Echo (MyCoach).

RESULTS

The study runs for 5 weeks: a one-week run-in to establish baseline, followed by 4 weeks of intervention. Data for study outcomes is collected automatically through a wearable sensor, and data are transferred in real-time to the study server. The recruitment goal is 42 participants, 14 in each arm. Electronic health records are used to prescreen candidates, with 39 participants recruited to date.

DISCUSSION

This study aims to investigate the effects of different types of intelligent technology solutions on promoting physical activity in cancer survivors. This innovative approach can easily be expanded and customized to other interventions. Early lessons from our initial participants are helping us develop additional advanced solutions to improve health outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL

Retrospectively registered on July 10, 2017 at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03212079; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03212079 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wgvqjTji)
Risk of Infective Endocarditis in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Chaudry Mavish S. , Carlson Nicholas , Gislason Gunnar H. , Kamper Anne-Lise , Rix Marianne , Fowler Vance G. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Bruun Niels E.
Published: October 2017

Background and objectives

Endocarditis is a serious complication in patients treated with RRT. The study aimed to examine incidence and risk factors of endocarditis in patients with ESRD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The Danish National Registry on Regular Dialysis and Transplantation contains data on all Danish patients receiving renal replacement (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation) for ESRD. Incidence of endocarditis was estimated for each RRT modality. Independent risk factors of endocarditis were identified in multivariable Cox regression models.

Results

From January 1st, 1996 to December 31st, 2012, 10,612 patients (mean age 63 years, 36% female) initiated RRT (7233 hemodialysis, 3056 peritoneal dialysis, 323 pre-emptive kidney transplantation). Endocarditis developed in 267 (2.5%); of these 31 (12%) underwent valve surgery. The overall incidence of endocarditis was 627 per 100,000 person-years in patients receiving RRT. Incidence was higher in patients receiving hemodialysis compared with those receiving peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplantation (1092 per 100,000 person-years, 212 per 100,000 person-years, and 85 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). Adjusted hazard ratios for endocarditis in patients receiving hemodialysis were 5.46 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.28 to 9.10) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.91) for kidney-transplanted recipients, respectively, as compared with patients in peritoneal dialysis. The incidence of endocarditis in hemodialysis recipients with central venous catheters was more than two-fold higher as compared with those with arteriovenous fistulas. Overall mortality, subsequent to endocarditis, was 22% in-hospital and 51% at 1 year. The first 6 months in RRT, aortic valve disease, and previous endocarditis were identified as significant risk factors of endocarditis.

Conclusions

Patients receiving RRT have a high incidence of endocarditis, in particular during hemodialysis treatment using central venous catheters. The first 6 months in RRT, aortic valve disease, and previous endocarditis are significant risk factors for developing endocarditis.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PROSPEKTOR DAN DEFENDER
Authors: Prasetyo Adi
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to proof that the institution stock holders have a significant effect on implementation of typology organizational strategy. Furthermore, it showed that the domination of institution stock holders have significant influence on implementation of prospector typology and defender strategy. Institutional stock holders measured by percentage of stock holders were published by the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD). On the other hand, in order to determine prospector typology and defender strategy, the researcher used four indicators as proxy, such as: KARPEN, PBV, CETA, and CEMVE.
PENGARUH LOGO BARU PT. TELKOM, Tbk TERHADAP CITRA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Febriansyah Febriansyah , Nabila Nuzul Inas
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to determine to what extent rebranding had effect on corporate reputation. Through the implementation of quantitative research design, this project involved Telkom customers of Bandar Lampung as population where the sampling technique applied was non-probability sampling and purposive sampling approach. The research instruments were questionnaires which were handed out to 100 customers of Telkom Bandar Lampung during May 2013 period. Afterward, the data were analyzed using simple regression analysis. The results showed the value of R square of company rebranding was 0.235 which indicated that the contribution X variable (rebranding) played significant role in influencing each additional of Y variable at 23.5% for corporate reputation while 76.5% were influenced by other factors. Further, hypothesis test results signified that t-test 5,486 was greater (>) than t-table 1,984 so that it can be concluded that rebranding had significantly affect Telkom Ltd. corporate reputation in Bandar Lampung.
LASERASI KANALIS LAKRIMALIS PADA LUKA ROBEK PALPEBRA DI RS. Dr. M. DJAMIL PADANG
Authors: Hendriati Hendriati
Published: October 2017

AbstrakMenentukan Epidemiologi laserasi kanalis lakrimalis pada luka robek palpebra di Rumah Sakit Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Studi Retrospektif mengenai laserasi kanalis lakrimalis pada luka robek palpebra di Rumah Sakit Dr. M. Djamil dari bulan Juli 2006 - Juni 2009. Data dikumpulkan dari Rekam Medik.Ada 29 orang pasien yang didiagnosa laserasi kanalis lakrimalis dari 229 kasus luka robek palpebra (12,66%), 23 orang pasien (79,31%) adalah laki-laki dan 6 orang lagi perempuan (20,69%). Berdasarkan usia, laserasi kanalis lakrimalis paling banyak terjadi pada pasien berusia 41-50 tahun (27,58%), paling sering terjadi di kanalis lakrimalis inferior, yaitu 18 kasus dari 29 (62.07%). Berdasarkan lokasi kejadian, yang terbanyak adalah karena kecelakaan di jalan raya, yaitu sebanyak 16 dari 29 kasus (55.18%). Berdasarkan penyebabnya, yang terbanyak adalah trauma tumpul. Sebanyak 23 dari 29 kasus tersebut dilakukan tindakan kanalisasi (79,31%).Trauma tumpul merupakan penyebab terbanyak laserasi kanalis lakrimalis, kanalikulus inferior lebih sering terjadi dari pada superior. Laki-laki lebih banyak dikenai dari pada perempuan, dan terbanyak di kelompok usia 41-50 tahun.Kata kunci : laserasi kanalis lakrimalis, luka robek palpebraAbstractTo determine the epidemiology of canalicular lacerations on eyelid injury at Dr. M. Djamil hospital.A retrospective study of canalicular lacerations on eyelid injury in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital between July 2006 - June 2009. Data were colleted from medical record.There were 29 patient with diagnosis canalicular lacerations of 229 eyelid injury (12.66%), twenty three patients (79.31%) were males and 6 were females (20.69%). Based on the age, canalicular lacerations was mostly found in the patient with aged 41-50 y o (27.58%), canalicular lacerations was mostly present in lower canaliculi, with the frequency of 18 cases out of 29 cases (62.07%). Based on place of injury, most of the patient get injury at high way, about 16 cases out of 29 cases (55.18%). Based on source of injury, the most source of injury were blunt objects, canalization was the most common therapy 23 cases out of 29 cases (79.31%).ARTIKEL PENELITIAN113Blunt injury was the most common source of canalicular lacerations, the lower was more than upper. Male was more than Female, and mostly was found on age 41-50.Key word : canalicular laceration, eyelid injury
HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Sayoet Yorva , Dewi Sari
Published: October 2017

AbstrakFaktor risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori adalah tinggal di negara berkembang, kondisi sosial ekonomi yang rendah, jumlah anggota keluarga yang banyak, etnik dan genetik. Tatalaksana dan diagnosis Helicobacter pylori belum memuaskan karena adanya resistensi antibiotik pada pasien Helicobacter pylori. Kami melaporkan seorang pasien perempuan usia 8 tahun 6 bulan yang terinfeksi Helicobacter pylori. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan hasil laboratorium. Pasien diduga terinfeksi Helicobacter pylori karena mengalami nyeri perut berulang. Dari laboratorium didapatkan serologi IgG Helicobacter pylori positif. Pada hasil endoskopi biopsi ditemukan kuman Helicobacter pylori. Pasien mendapat therapi eradikasi lini pertama untuk infeksi Helicobacter pylori yaitu amoksisilin, klaritromisin dan omeprazol selama dua minggu. Setelah dua minggu pengobatan keluhan pasien tidak ada.Kata kunci: Helicobacter pylori, anak, nyeri perut berulangAbstractRisk factors for acquiring Helicobacter pylori infection include residency of developing country, poor socioeconomic conditions, crowded family, and possibly an ethnic or genetic as predispositions. The diagnosis and management Helicobacter pylori has not been satisfied yet, however, there is problem of increasing resistancy antibiotic due to Helicobacter pylori. Objective: We report a 8 year and 6 month old girl who suffered from Helicobacter pylori. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical finding, and laboratory work-up. Suspicion on the presence of Helicobacter pylori was started when the girl had recurrent abdominal pain. Serology IgG Helicobacter pylori was positive and we had done endoscopic examination and biopsy. Therapy this patient was first line eradication Helicobacter pylori which give amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for two weeks. There are no sympthoms after two weeks therapyKey word: Helicobacter pylori, children, recurrent abdominal painLAPORAN KASUS
PSEUDOKISTA PANKREAS
Authors: Zahari Asril , Fahmi Fahmi
Published: October 2017

AbstrakPseudokista Pankreas merupakan penumpukan cairan yang terlokalisir yang kaya amilase dan enzim pankreas lainnya, yang memiliki dinding yang tidak berepitel. Ukuran bervariasi 2-30 cm. Sekitar sepertiga dari pseudokista terjadi pada caput pankreas, dan dua pertiga muncul di bagian ekor. Patogenesis pseudokista pankreas berasal dari gangguan saluran pankreas akibat pankreatitis dan ekstravasasi bahan enzimatik. Pada anak-anak, pseudokista pankreas sering berhubungan dengan trauma.Dilaporkan seorang pasien laki- laki umur 21 tahun dengan benjolan di perut. Pasien dengan riwayat trauma diperut 2 bulan sebelum masuk rumah sakit, kemudian muncul benjolan diperut yang makin lama-makin membesar. Pasien juga mengeluh sering mual dan penurunan nafsu makan. Pada perabaan dijumpai benjolan kistik fluktuatif dan terfikisir dengan ukuran ±30x20 cm, dan nyeri. Pada pemeriksaan scaning dijumpai gambaran rongga kista disekitar pankreas. Pasien didiagnosa dengan pseudokista pankreas. Pada pasien dilakukan drainase interna kista-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side dan brown anastomose. Dari pemeriksaan patologi anatomi didapatkan kesan suatu pseudokista pankreas.Follow up sampai 2 bulan post operasi tidak dijumpai komplikasi.Drainase interna kista-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side dan brown anastomose pada pseudokista pancreas memberikan hasil yang baik.Kata kunci : Pseudokista, Trauma, pankreatitisAbstractPancreatic Pseudocysts well defined as a local accumulation of fluid that rich in amylase and other pancreatic enzymes, that has nonepithelialized wall. Size varies from 2-30 cm. About one third of pseudocysts manifest in the head of the gland, and two thirds appear in the tail. Pathogenesis of pancreatic pseudocysts seems to stem from disruption of the pancreatic duct due to pancreatitis and extravasation of enzymatic material. In children, pancreatic pseudocysts are often associated with trauma.A male patient, 21 year old with a lump in the abdomen. Patient with a history of abdominal trauma 2 months before entering the hospital, then a lump appeared at the abdomen and continues to expand. Patient also complain of frequent nausea and decreased appetite. A pain cystic fluctuative and immobile lump that ± 30x20 cm in size was found in palpability. From abdominal scaning images, a cyst cavity around the pancreatic was found. Patient was diagnosed with pancreaticLAPORAN KASUS62pseudocyst. Patient underwent internal drainage of the cyst-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side and brown anastomose. From pathology anatomy the conclusion is a pancreatic pseudocyst.Follow-up to 2 months postoperative, no complications was found.The internal drainage of the cyst-yeyunostomi, yeyuno-yeyunostomi side to side and brown anastomose on pancreatic pseudocyst give a good results.Key word : Pseudocyst, Trauma, Pancreatitis
PENGARUH TIMBAL ASETAT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ENZIM KATALASE HATI TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN
Authors: Asterina Asterina , Endrinaldi Endrinaldi
Published: October 2017

AbstrakTimbal (Pb) dapat ditemukan di berbagai media lingkungan seperti udara, air, debu dan tanah. Logam Pb atau bentuk persenyawaannya berasal dari pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor, emisi industri dan dari penggunaan cat bangunan yang mengandung Pb. Toksisitas Pb menghambat sebahagian besar enzim yang terlibat dalam biosintesis heme dan merusak sel hatiTujuan studi ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh timbal (Pb) terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase hati tikus putih jantan. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian Pb asetat dengan dosis konsentrasi 5 mg, 10 mg , 20 mg, dan 40 mg/kg BB selama 26 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan rerata aktivitas katalase hati dan serum secara bermakna (p < 0,05), setelah pemberian Pb asetat selama 26 hari. Penurunan aktivitas katalase hati dan serum tikus secara bermakna (p < 0,05) terjadi antara kelompok kontrol dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus yang diberi dosis 40 mg/kg BB.Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari studi ini ialah bahwa pemberian Pb asetat dapat menurunkan aktivitas katalase hati dan juga mempengaruhi aktivitas katalase serum tikus.Kata kunci : Pb asetat, katalaseAbstractLead (Pb) can be found in various environmental media such as air, water, dust and dirt. Pb in the form of compounds derived from burning motor vehicle fuel, industrial emissions and from the use of paints containing Pb buildings. Pb toxicity partly inhibit the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heme and damage the liver cells.The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of lead (Pb) on the enzyme activity of rat liver catalase white male. Experimental research design was used 25 white male rats were divided into five groups, namely the control group and theARTIKEL PENELITIAN180group treated with the administration of Pb acetate at a dose concentration of 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg / kg body weight for 26 days.The results showed an average decrease in liver catalase activity, after administration of Pb acetate for 26 days were significantly (p <0.05). Decrease in catalase activity of rat liver and serum were significantly (p <0.05) occurred between the control group compared with the group of mice given a dose of 40 mg / kg.The conclusion from this study is that the administration of Pb acetate can decrease the liver catalase activity and also affects the activity of serum catalase mice.Key word : Pb Acetate, Catalase
PENGARUH KEBERSIHAN GIGI DAN MULUT DENGAN STATUS GINGIVITIS PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS ANDALAS KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2012
Authors: Hidayati Hidayati , Kuswardani Kuswardani , Rahayu Gustria
Published: October 2017

AbstrakGingivitis kehamilan adalah gingivitis yang terjadi pada wanita hamil. Gingivitisdisebabkan oleh iritasi bakteri yang ada dalam plak dan kalkulus. Plak dan kalkulus merupakanindikator kebersihan mulut yang buruk. Selama kehamilan, hormon estrogen dan progesteroneakan mengalami peningkatan yang menyebabkan jaringan gingiva merespon secara berlebihanterhadap iritasi lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kebersihan rongga mulutdan status gingivitis ibu hamil serta hubungan antara tingkat kebersihan rongga mulut denganstatus gingivitis pada ibu hamil. Jenis penelitian ini adalah anayitic correlation denganpendekatan cross sectional, sampel diambil menggunakanteknik accidental sampling dengan ujistatistik Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Subjek adalah 70 wanita hamil di Puskesmas wilayah kerjaAndalas Padang Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kebersihan mulut ibu hamil diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kecamatan Padang Timur sebagian besar adalah sedang(57,1%) dan sebagian besar ibu hamil yang diperiksa mengalami gingivitis sedang (70%). Semuaibu yang diperiksa mengalami gingivitis, baik itu ibu dengan tingkat kebersihan mulut yang baik,sedang maupun buruk. Disarankan kepada ibu hamil untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan dankesehatan rongga mulutnya.Kata Kunci : gingivitis kehamilan, estrogen, progesteron, tingkat kebersihan rongga mulut,gingivitisAbstractPregnancy gingivitis is gingivitis that occurs in pregnant women. Gingivitis caused by theirritation of bacteria in plaque and calculus. Plaque and calculus is indicator of poor oral hygiene.During pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone will increase that causes excessive gingival tissueresponse to local irritation. This study aims to determine oral hygiene level and gingivitis statusin pregnant women and relationship between oral hygiene level with gingivitis status in pregnantwomen. The kind of this research is analyitic correlation with cross sectional study, sampleswere taken with accidental sampling technique with statistical test Kolmogorov-Smirnov.Subject were 70 pregnant women at the work area Puskesmas Andalas Padang Timur. Theresults showed oral hygiene level in pregnant women at the work area Puskesmas AndalasPadang Timur are mostly moderate (57.1%) and majority of them had moderate gingivitis (70%).215ARTIKEL PENELITIANAll of the pregnant women were examined had gingivitis, both pregnant women with good oralhygiene, medium and bad. It is recommended to pregnant women to always maintain the hygieneand health of the oral cavity.Key word : pregnancy gingivtis, estrogene, progesterone, oral hygiene and gingivitis.216
Doing Business the Chinese Way? On Manadonese Chinese, Entrepreneurship in North Sulawesi
Authors: Jacobsen Michael
Published: October 2017

This article argues and documents that diasporic networking and guanxi relationships in North Sulawesi Province in East Indonesia are not essential for doing business within the Chinese business community. The main argument forwarded is that guanxi governed business networks are but one strategy among several other business strategies employed, when engaging in inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic business transactions. Furthermore, a discussion of the relationship between local Chinese and non-Chinese business environment as well as of the inter-ethnic environment in general constitutes a framework for how to position the Chinese in an overall societal context. Of special interest in this connection are questions of inter-ethnic integration versus assimilation together with questions of descent and ethnic classification in the relation to the surrounding non-Chinese community.
China’s Soft Power Diplomacy in Southeast Asia
Authors: Schmidt Johannes Dragsbaek
Published: October 2017

The paper analyses the new geo-political and geo-economic strategic relationship between China and Southeast Asia. Is Chinese soft power encroachment into Southeast Asia creating greater stability, does it jeopardize US interests and what is the impact on the regime-types, economic restructuring, and the state-civil society relationship?

The paper is divided into four parts. The first explores the historical and especially the contemporary changes in China’s geo-economic bilateral relationship with Southeast Asia through its bilateral trade, the role of FDI, the role of the ethnic Chinese Diaspora, and other political and economic factors. The second focuses on China’s role in the new emerging geo-political relations on a multilateral scale through new regional security, military and politico-economic institutions. The third part contains a brief exposure of shifting US bilateral and multilateral interests in the region - both geo-economic and geo-political; however the bulk of this section is devoted to a comparison of the differences and similarities of US and Chinese approaches in Southeast Asia. Finally some concluding remarks are offered.
Reinventing Administrative Prescriptions: Spirituality in China?
Authors: Beh LooSee
Published: October 2017

The decade of experience following the 9/11 incident suggests a complex process of international development with a particular resurgence of interest in religiosity and spirituality. This paper attempts to explore the situation of spirituality if indeed it exists in China or if it is more identifiable with atheism, communism, Confucianism or Marxism. Such serious attempt may present difficulties as the dividing line between administration, politics, and economy is by no means clear. Further, the situation of religiosity and spirituality is characterized by leadership and history of political legitimacy and inherent tension. Several developments of moral degeneration of public administrators and silent crisis in governance are arguably related to spirituality/non-spirituality factor. Arising from complexities of governance issues, China perhaps may reinvent its administration by working on elements of spirituality as it proceeds with its market-oriented reforms though this may be a lengthy struggle.
Global Governance with Chinese Characteristics? A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Chan Gerald
Published: October 2017

The rise of China poses many challenges and opportunities to itself as well as to other countries. Will its rapid rise in power change the way in which world affairs are run? If so, in what way will global governance be affected? What are China’s aspirations, demands and limitations in its engagement with global governance? This paper addresses these questions. First, it takes a look at China’s view of the nature of global governance. Then it identifies the principles and tactics used by the Chinese government in dealing with global governance before making an assessment of the special features of Chinese international relations in this area. Next the paper turns to the perceptions of other major countries towards China’s behaviour in the area. It concludes by suggesting that China’s increasing involvement in global governance renders its policy preferences increasingly felt around the world.
Visibility, framing and importance: Images of the EU in Japan and South Korea
Authors: Chaban Natalia , Schneider Christian Elias , Malthus Richard
Published: October 2017

Addressing an under-researched theme of international images and perceptions of the EU, this paper scrutinizes the framings of the Union endorsed in the news media and expressed by the general public in the two East Asian OECD countries – Japan and South Korea. Conclusions indicate that the EU’s importance and presence is often underestimated in the region, and frequently seen in terms of ‘economic muscle’ only. The empirical data comes from a trans-national comparative research project, sponsored by the Asia-Europe foundation (ASEF). The research framework is interdisciplinary, drawing resources from critical discourse analysis, media and image studies, EU scholarship and political science
Political Economic Analysis of the Visual Prostitution of Women in Television Situational Comedies of GMA 7
Authors: Castro Joeven Rosario
Published: October 2017

Sexualized portrayals of women are staples of two television situational comedies because these reflect the patriarchal society’s gender hierarchy and dichotomy as experienced by the target audience in real life. The researcher found out the audiences’ contrasting perceptions on the vulgarity of jokes. Sexualized portrayals are unwelcome in reality but are considered pleasurable within what the researcher calls as the audiences’ ‘virtual structure’. GMA 7, one of the largest television networks in the Philippines, peddles this vulgarity as a common phenomenon in sitcoms: It commodifies actresses as sex objects, which limits their character roles and creates a consciousness that using women as bait of the target audience is okay as long as it is for entertainment purposes only.
Emotional Conflicts and Coping Strategies: The Case of Life Insurance Agents in China
Authors: Sheng Sixin
Published: October 2017

Through analysing Chinese life insurance agents’ emotional conflicts and coping strategies, this study tries to reveal organization and work’s impact on the agents. Because organizational and working rules are often inconsistent with social norms and personal feelings, life insurance agents easily experience negative emotions and conflicts. Various strategies that make efforts to solve this kind of conflict may trigger off some new emotional problems, and they probably make agents’ emotional conflicts worse as well. In a way, emotional alienation has become a necessity for service workers in the post-industrial society, and that means individuals’ emotions and regulations are subject to the demand of organization and work, but deviate from themselves and social rules.
The Rise of Culinary Tourism and Its Transformation of Food Cultures: The National Cuisine og Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Hui-Tun
Published: October 2017

The rise of culinary tourism reflects political and economic transformations in Taiwan. This paper examines the relationship between the anxiety of the identity crisis is bubbling up in Taiwan and the way in which dietary culture becomes an important part of identity practice. Traditional Taiwanese cuisine has recently been given new recognition through the practice of culinary tourism. Previously disappearing ethnic foods have regained visibility in the haute cuisine market. The trend of ethnic cuisine restoration is a worldwide phenomenon; yet, in the Taiwanese case, it is unique because the particular food consumption pattern reflects the reconstruction of national identity as a significant reaction to previous colonial experiences and the globalization of food cultures. By analyzing the political transformations at macroscale of nation-state and the social phenomenon at microscale of food cultures, I will illustrate the social milieu which accounts for the changing cultural images of Taiwanese foods, as well as the way in which cultural identity is fashioned by producing and consuming these cultural images.
The Struggle over Ownership: How the Reform of State-owned Enterprises Changed China
Authors: Walter Carl E
Published: October 2017

Events in the 1980s became the driving force behind state-owned enterprise (SOE) restructuring in the 1990s and beyond. In particular, the 1992 decision to seek listings for state-owned enterprises overseas had a tremendous impact on China's politics, economy and society. It may have been inevitable that the financial surgery on state enterprises would have serious social consequences. The assumptions behind this effort to create national champions, however, also defined the limitations on the Chinese government's response to the 2008 global financial crisis that broke out on the thirtieth anniversary of the 'reform and opening' policy. While SOE reform may not be the single most important determinant of how China has developed, it has had a unique directional impact by implanting the core of the Western financial system inside the Chinese state. This paper seeks to briefly review the evolution of corporate reform and show how Western capitalism has made its broader impact.
Governing Capacity and Institutional Change in China in the Reform Era
Authors: Brødsgaard Kjeld Erik
Published: October 2017

The Chinese reform process of 1978-2008 has primarily taken place within the economic sphere, involving fundamental changes of the centrally planned economic system. As a result, a hybrid economic system has evolved based on a combination of resource mobilization and allocation by market forces and Party and state domination of the commanding heights of the economy. In the political sphere, reform has been much more limited. During the 1980s there were several periods of substantial political reform, but since the early 1990s reform has largely been synonymous with improvement of the governance system in terms of capacity of institutions and competencies of officials. Thus administrative reform and institutional changes have been placed high on the agenda, emphasizing administrative restructuring and downsizing of government organs as well as Party reform. Party reform and leadership renewal have created an institutionalized political order characterized by incremental change within the framework of authoritarian resilience. Currently, major reform discussion in China primarily takes place within the Party organization and focuses on perfecting the existing political system rather than on introducing Western models and experiences.
Leadership and Management in China. – Philosophies, Theories and Practices.
Authors: Worm Verner
Published: October 2017

Chao-Chuan Chen and Yueh-Ting Lee (eds): Leadership and Management in China: Philosophies, Theories, and Practices.
Politics and Ethnicity: Framing Racial Discrimination in Singapore
Authors: Gomez James
Published: October 2017

Racial discrimination is a global phenomenon that the United Nations seeks to eradicate. In contemporary Singapore, research shows that the basis for racial discrimination is anchored in the role of ethnic identity and how it frames the formulation of policies related to education, employment, housing, immigration and politics. These policies have been formulated and implemented by the People's Action Party (PAP) government that has been in power for over 50 years. When confronted with its racially based policies, the PAP government insists that it follows a tolerant approach towards different races and that it promotes the idea of multiculturalism and meritocracy as a racial equalizer. However, ethnic minorities in Singapore complain they are being discriminated against

daily on the basis of their race or religion. They argue that their views are often not given airing in the local mainstream media and they are further prevented from discussing these issues openly due to legislation restricting freedom of expression and assembly on these matters. Given this background, the first visit of a UN Rapporteur on racism to Singapore, at the invitation of the PAP government in April 2010, allowed the city-state's race-based policies to be put in an international spotlight. This study examines the visit of the UN Rapporteur, his initial findings, government and civil society responses, and the significance of this first UN mission. The paper locates its research on racial discrimination in the context of Singapore's political framework and the United Nations' efforts to eradicate racism. It argues that ultimately, policy changes in Singapore can only take place as a result of politically challenging the PAP government.
The Wasteland of Creative Production: A Case Study of Contemporary Chinese Art
Authors: Ulfstjerne Michael Alexander
Published: October 2017

With the new magnitude for the relatively unhindered production and circulation of artworks, galleries and contemporary art museums are burgeoning across the larger cities of China. This article provides an empirical example of how contemporary and avant-garde art is produced and valuated in the art communities that thrive on the recent international recognition of Chinese artworks. It addresses some of the effects that occur when art production becomes mediated by cultural entrepreneurs and propelled by resourceful investors. Challenging notions of autonomy and independence in the sphere of aesthetics and contemporary art, the article addresses some of the ways in which art becomes co-opted, not only by commercial agents, but also by official ambitions. The commercialization of the cultural sphere reveals a paradigmatic shift, giving a stronger emphasis to the intangible notion of creativity as a new driving force for economic development in China.
The Evolution of Malaysia's Development Strategies and the Global Economy:Responses from SMEs and Civil Societies
Authors: Yee Whah Chin
Published: October 2017

This article introduces a triangular model to study small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia by examining three points, namely the state, economy and society. It discusses how and why the government has changed the nation's economic development strategies over time in response to the changing global economy. Within the context of these development strategies, the article describes how and explains why Chinese and Bumiputera (Malays and indigenous people in Malaysia) SMEs, and civil societies responded to these changes. It provides analysis on how these development strategies have shaped the development of Chinese and Bumiputera SMEs at different periods in the nation's economic development. It argues that prolonged pro-distributive policies have negative effects on the competitiveness of the nation's economy.
Tracing National and Global Forces in a Taiwanese SME's Product Innovation
Authors: Tsung Ying Shih Tommy
Published: October 2017

Taiwan's competitiveness in the global arena has often been attributed to the country's dynamic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In the most recent decade, the Taiwanese government has increased support to innovative SMEs, and with the emergence of new fields such as biotechnology, companies with highly innovation-driven agendas are surfacing. The innovation focus provides not only new opportunities but also challenges for Taiwanese SMEs. In this article I aim to increase the understanding of how national and global forces affect SME innovation in Taiwan. To this end, I use an industrial network approach to trace the national and global interdependencies that follow the network of a Taiwanese SME in the biopharmaceutical sector.
The Political Economy of Food Subsidy in India
Authors: Kotwal Ashok , Murugkar Milind , Ramaswami Bharat
Published: October 2017

Indian parliament is getting ready to debate the National Food Security Bill that would be the single biggest poverty alleviation programme, costing about 1.5 per cent of India's gross domestic product. There has been a fierce debate

leading up to the drafting of the bill and subsequent modifications. This article first points out the salient features of the Indian economy to give context to assess the current debate. In particular, it gives a detailed picture of the grain

market in India and the important role played in it by the central government. It traces the path of the bill from its genesis through the subsequent debate and political process. The article identifies the key players in the debate and the

role they have played in shaping the provisions in the latest draft of the bill. At the end, the authors speculate about likely food security outcomes in India.
Leadership Changes and Structural Reform After the 18th Party Congress in China
Authors: Brødsgaard Kjeld Erik , Grünberg Nis
Published: October 2017

During the 18th Party Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in November 2012, and the 12th National People's Congress in March 2013, the Chinese leadership in Party organs and the state apparatus underwent a significant reshuffle. During this leadership change, virtually all leaders of

the central organs were reappointed. While the actual structural and political reforms the new leadership is willing—and able—to make remain to be seen, an initial review of the top leadership in Party and state organs, including the ministries and provincial governments, reveals a relatively

conservative team leading China in the coming five years. This article attempts to give a comprehensive review of the leadership changes, along with an initial analysis of the announced structural changes and the implications

these changes could have for China's political recalibration and development.
SOE Reform in China: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Brødsgaard Kjeld Erik , Li Xin
Published: October 2017

This article analyses the evolution of SOE reform in China, especially focusing on how SOEs benefited from the Chinese government's favourable policies and how such SOE favouritism impacts the Chinese macro economy and causes social problems. The article outlines SOE reform before Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao took over the leadership of the country in 2002–2003 and investigates the nominal as well as the real performance of SOEs since 2003. The article also discusses the nature and functions of Chinese SOEs as well as the future direction of Chinese SOE reform.