bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Small Interest Groups Can Win the Outcome of Elections and Polls: Lessons for Countries with Modern and Developing Democracies
Authors: Salami Nima S.
Published: October 2020

It might sound perfectly obvious that in a real democracy, the majority’s interests will always win against the interests of the minority. Unfortunately, in reality, this is not the case. Small interest groups can determine the outcome of elections and enact policies that favor their own interests, rather than those of the majority. This paper identifies how, contrary to the median-voter’s model, small interest groups can win, if information asymmetries exist. Additionally, if gains and losses asymmetries are present and opportunity costs are involved for the voter, the same phenomena can occur. This article focuses on the role of interest groups in elections in democratic countries, explaining how they can enact policies that are against the public’s will.
Dinamika Sistem Pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Asyadulloh Fahad
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK Sistem pendidikan di pesantren terus berkembang ditengah kritikan terhadap sistem yang dijalankannya. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahuidinamika sistem pendidikan di pesantren yang berbeda, yakni pesantren salaf Sidogiri dan pesantren modern TMI Al-Amien Parenduan. Penelitian ditekankan pada tujuan pendidikan, kurikulum pendidikan, proses belajar mengajar, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenominologis untuk mengetahui fenomena perkembangan sistem pendidikan di pesantren. Subjek penelitian berbeda tidak untuk membandingkan keduanya tetapi melihat pola dinamika perkenbangan sistem pendidikan yang dilaksanakan baik di pesantren salaf maupun moderen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pendidikan di pesantren salaf maupun moderen memiliki kesamaan visi yaitu mencetak insan bertaqwa yang Ibadiyas Shalihun dengan memegang teguh prinsip theocentric dan pengamalan ilmu melalui pengabdian terhadap masyarakat. Pengembangan kurikulumpesantren cenderng mandiri tanpa intervensi dari pemerintah dan  dari segi proses belajar mengajar lebih menekankan pada pola kegiatan keagamaan sebagai aktivitas belajar mengajar yang utama, sedangkan pengetahuan umum sebagai muatan tambahan. Evaluasi hasil pembelajaran diselenggarakan secara mandiri. Simpulan penelitian bahwa pola pemebelajaran di pondok pesantren salaf dan moderen sesungguhnya tidak memiliki perbedaan yang mencolok, perbedaannya lebih sekedar pada pendekatan yang digunakan dalm proses pembelajarannya.
Penggunaan Metode Belajar Aktif Model Pengajaran Terarah Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar PAI
Authors: Fauzi Ach.
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan yang ingin dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah:  bagaimanakah pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI dengan metode belajar aktif model pengajaran terarah? dan bagaimanakah peningkatan prestasi belajar PAI dengan diterapkannya metode belajar aktif model pengajaran terarah? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: ingin mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI degan metode belajar aktif model pengajaran terarah dan peningkatan prestasi belajar PAI setelah diterapkannya metode belajar aktif model pengajaran terarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research)sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MA Al-Khatibiah Modung Bangkalam. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif dan lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar.Dari hasil analis didapatkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus III yaitu, siklus I (65,63%), siklus II (75,00%), siklus III (87,50%).Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode belajar aktif model pengajaran terarah berdampak positif terhadap prestasi belajar Siswa kelas VII SMP Al-Khatibiyah Modung Bangkalan.
Paradigma Pendidikan Nasional Perspektif Teori Belajar Humanis
Authors: Hamzah Amir
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK: artikel ini dimaksudkan membahas implementasi kurikulum 2013 yang dianggap sebagai kurikulum yang paling humanis dibandingkan dengan kurikulum sebelumnya.Teori-teori pembelajaran humanis meyakini individu terdorong bertindak melakukan sesuatu karena mempunyai satu kemauan atau keperluan dan bertanggung jawab atas segala tindakannya. Motivasi  individu adalah kecenderungannya untuk berkembang dan mencapai keperluan untuk mengembangkan potensinya ke tahap maksimum. Oleh karenanya dalam aplikasi pembelajaran, teori humanis memberikan porsi yang maksimum untuk perkembangan individu. Pembelajaran-pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa dan pemberdayaan siswa lebih diutamakan, di samping menghargai bakat dan kemampuan individu yang berbeda dengan layanan yang berbeda. Ciri lain adalah penggunaan pendekatan saintifik dan penilaian autentik yang mengacu pada pembelajaran yang membimbing siswa untuk menemukan sendiri konsep-konsep yang harus dikuasai, sedangkan penilaian autentik mengarah kepada pemberdayaan kemampuan siswa yang beragam, di samping penilaian sikap dan prilaku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Bagaimanapun kurikulum dirancang selalu menimbulkan kontroversi, yang paling kasar adalah masa peralihan kurikulum KTSP ke K-13 yang dianggap terburu-buru dan nyaris tanpa persiapan yang matang. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan banyaknya kendala yang dihadapi dalam memraktikan model pembelajaran K-13 pendekatan saintifik integratif serta penilaian autententik. Sementara kesiapan infrastruktur masih belum memadai, sarana pendukung yang masih sangat minim, dan budaya belajar yang masih rendah.
Metakognitif: Pengertian, Elemen, dan Penerapan dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Iskandar Nurul
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK: artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan (1) pengertian metakognitif, (2) elemen-elemen metakognitif dan (3) penerapan metakognitif dalam pembelajaran. Istilah metakognitif diperkenalkan oleh flavel tahun 1976, bahwa metakognitif merupakan pengetahuan (knowledge) atau regulasi (regulation) pada suatu aktifitas kognitif seseorang dalam proses belajar. model monitoring metakognitif dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu: (a) pengetahuan metakognitif, (b) pengalaman metakognitif, (c) tugas atau tujuan, dan (d) strategi. Sedangkan elemen-elemen utama keterampilan metakognitif adalah keterampilan merencanakan, keterampilan memonitor, dan keterampilan mengevaluasi dalam proses berpikir. Melalui teori metakognitif, Bloom menjabarkan taxonomy yang berupa kata kerja operasional yang dapat memudahkan pembelajar merancang rencana pembelajarnya. Bagi siswa mengembangkan potensi kognitif dapat menghadapi permasalan  dalam belajar maupun kehidupan. Melalui pengembangan metakognitif siswa diharapkan terbiasa merencanakan, memonitor, dan mengevaluasi aktifitas belajarnya.
Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Deradikalisasi
Authors: Azhari Jalaluddin Faruk
Published: October 2020

ABSTRAK:Sebagai negara yang mempunyai keanekaragaman, menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi bangsa Indonesia dalam menjaga keastuan dan persatuan. Islam sebagai agama mayoritas menjadi tolok ukur bagi kemajemukan. Agama Islam dengan rahmatan lil alamin memiliki tanggung jawab besar dalam menjalankan misi perdamaian abadi, namun fakta akhir-akhir ini bertolak belakang dengan misi tersebut. Islam identik dengan radikalisme yang berafiliasi dengan kekerasan atas nama agama. Kajian ini akan membahas tentang peran pendidikan agama dalam rangka deradikalisasi agama.
Le Corbusier: publicaciones en Estados Unidos, 1925-1939
Authors: Zaparaín Hernández Fernando , Ramos Jular Jorge , Llamazares Blanco Pablo
Published: October 2020

Se recopilan y analizan las publicaciones, de y sobre Le Corbusier, en Norteamérica, en el periodo de entreguerras, que corresponde con la difusión inicial de sus ideas e incluye su participación en la Modern Architecture International Exhibition del MoMA en 1932, su muestra de pintura en la galería Becker en 1933 y el viaje con exposición de 1935. Durante esta época se consolidaron en Estados Unidos la estandarización industrial, la automoción o los fenómenos urbanos complejos, que atrajeron a Le Corbusier, y propiciaron allí el interés por sus alegatos sobre la máquina. Se aporta un listado actualizado, operativo y más completo, que permite hacer una mínima bibliometría, con 15 textos de Le Corbusier y 73 de otros autores. Muchos eran antiguos colaboradores (Rice, Frey, Stonorov) o admiradores en torno al MoMA, con Hitchcock a la cabeza (Kocher, Barr, Heap, Lescaze, Hood). Hubo alguna respuesta crítica de figuras como Wright, Fuller, Bauer o Mumford. Destacaron determinados medios e instituciones favorables (Architectural Record, The New York Times, The Studio, MoMA, Architectural League). En cuanto al formato, no se trata de estudios académicos ni metodológicos, sino alegatos breves y provocadores, con el hábil recurso a titulares e imágenes propias, en paralelo al texto. La temática principal no fue su obra construida, sino sus propuestas urbanas.
Insights into the daily life of Le Corbusier: the agendas in the Fondation Le Corbusier
Authors: Benton Tim
Published: October 2020

Los recursos disponibles para la investigación en la Fundación Le Corbusier son muchos y variados. Entre ellos, las agendas (diarios) ofrecen una visión particularmente interesante de la vida pública y privada de Le Corbusier. Estos diarios presentan una serie de dificultades para el investigador: las notas son a menudo difíciles de leer y aún más difíciles de interpretar. La organización de los diarios debe ser comprendida. Las páginas de los diarios no tienen fecha. Establecer las fechas aproximadas de cada página representa un desafío que sólo puede superarse mediante las referencias de una amplia gama de otra documentación. Este documento ofrece sugerencias sobre cómo analizar e interpretar este difícil material. Con una serie de ejemplos trabajados, se da una indicación de algunos de los conocimientos que pueden obtenerse de la extracción de estos datos.
Non-equilibrium interplay between gas-particle partitioning and multiphase chemical reactions of semi-volatile compounds: mechanistic insights and practical implications for atmospheric modeling of PAHs
Authors: Wilson Jake , Pöschl Ulrich , Shiraiwa Manabu , Berkemeier Thomas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic air pollutants. The dispersion of PAHs in the atmosphere is influenced by gas-particle partitioning and chemical loss. These processes are closely interlinked and may occur at vastly differing timescales, which complicates their mathematical description in chemical transport models. Here, we use a kinetic model that explicitly resolves mass transport and chemical reactions in the gas and particle phases to describe and explore the dynamic and non-equilibrium interplay of gas-particle partitioning and chemical losses of PAHs on soot particles. We define the equilibration timescale τeq of gas-particle partitioning as the e-folding time for relaxation of the system to the partitioning equilibrium. We find this metric to span seconds to hours depending on temperature, particle surface area and the type of PAH. The equilibration time can be approximated using a time-independent equation τeq ≈ 1/(kdes + kads), which depends on the desorption rate coefficient kdes and adsorption rate coefficient kads, both of which can be calculated from experimentally-accessible parameters. The model reveals two regimes in which different physical processes control the equilibration timescale: a desorption-controlled and an adsorption-controlled regime. In a case study with the PAH pyrene, we illustrate how chemical loss can perturb the equilibrium particulate fraction at typical atmospheric concentrations of O3 and OH. For the surface reaction with O3, the perturbation is significant and increases with the gas-phase concentration of O3. Conversely, perturbations are smaller for reaction with the OH radical, which reacts with PAHs on both the surface of particles and in the gas phase. Global and regional chemical transport models typically approximate gas-particle partitioning with instantaneous equilibration approaches. We highlight scenarios in which these approximations deviate from the explicit-coupled treatment of gas-particle partitioning and chemistry presented in this study. We find that the discrepancy between solutions depends on the operator-splitting time step and the choice of time step can help to minimize the discrepancy. The findings and techniques presented in this work are not only relevant for PAHs, but can also be applied to other semi-volatile substances that undergo chemical reactions and mass transport between the gas and particle phase.
The 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption: Part 1 Dispersion model simulations and satellite retrievals of volcanic sulfur dioxide
Authors: de Leeuw Johannes , Schmidt Anja , Witham Claire S. , Theys Nicolas , Taylor Isabelle A. , Grainger Roy G. , Pope Richard J. , Haywood Jim , Osborne Martin , Kristiansen Nina I.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can cause significant disruption to society and numerical models are crucial for forecasting the dispersion of erupted material. Here we assess the skill and limitations of the Met Office’s Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) in simulating the dispersion of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) cloud from the 21–22 June 2019 eruption of the Raikoke volcano (48.3° N, 153.2° E). The eruption emitted around 1.5 ± 0.2 Tg of SO2, which represents the largest volcanic emission of SO2 into the stratosphere since the 2011 Nabro eruption. We simulate the temporal evolution of the volcanic SO2 cloud across the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and compare our model simulations to high-resolution SO2 measurements from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite SO2 products. We show that NAME accurately simulates the observed location and horizontal extent of the SO2 cloud during the first 2–3 weeks after the eruption, but is unable, in its standard configuration, to capture the extent and precise location of very high-concentration regions within the volcanic cloud. Using the Fractional Skill Score as metric for model skill, NAME shows skill in simulating the horizontal extent of the cloud for 12–17 days after the eruption where vertical column densities (VCD) of SO2 (in Dobson Units, DU) are above 1 DU. For SO2 VCDs above 20 DU, which are predominantly observed as small-scale features within the SO2 cloud, the model shows skill on the order of 2–4 days only. The lower skill for these high-concentration regions is partly explained by the model-simulated SO2 cloud in NAME being too diffuse compared to TROPOMI retrievals. Reducing the standard diffusion parameters used in NAME by a factor of four results in a slightly increased model skill during the first five days of the simulation, but on longer timescales the simulated SO2 cloud remains too diffuse when compared to TROPOMI measurements. We find that the temporal evolution of the NH-mean SO2 mass burden simulated by NAME strongly depends on the fraction of SO2 mass emitted into the lower stratosphere, which is uncertain for the 2019 Raikoke eruption. When emitting 0.9–1.1 Tg of SO2 into the lower stratosphere (11–18 km) and 0.4–0.7 Tg into the upper troposphere (8–11 km), both NAME and TROPOMI show a similar peak in SO2 mass burden (1.4–1.6 Tg of SO2) with an average SO2 e-folding time of 14–15 days in the NH. Our work demonstrates the large potential of using high-resolution satellite retrievals to identify and rectify limitations in dispersion models like NAME, which will ultimately help to improve dispersion modelling efforts of volcanic SO2 clouds.
Airborne Extractive Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Chemical Composition of Organic Aerosol
Authors: Pagonis Demetrios , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Guo Hongyu , Day Douglas A. , Schueneman Melinda K. , Brown Wyatt L. , Nault Benjamin A. , Stark Harald , Siemens Kyla , Laskin Alex , Piel Felix , Tomsche Laura , Wisthaler Armin , Coggon Matthew M. , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Halliday Hannah S. , Krechmer Jordan E. , Moore Richard H. , Thomson David S. , Warneke Carsten , Wiggins Elizabeth B. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We deployed an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-MS) for airborne measurements of biomass burning aerosol during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study onboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft. Through optimization of the electrospray working solution, active control of the electrospray region pressure, and precise control of electrospray capillary position, we achieved 1 Hz quantitative measurements of aerosol nitrocatechol and levoglucosan concentrations up to pressure altitudes of 7 km. EESI-MS response to levoglucosan and nitrocatechol was calibrated for each flight, with flight-to-flight calibration variability of 60 % (1σ). Laboratory measurements showed no aerosol size dependence in EESI-MS sensitivity below particle geometric diameters of 400 nm, covering 82 % of accumulation mode aerosol mass during FIREX-AQ. We also present a first in-field intercomparison of EESI-MS with a chemical analysis of aerosol online proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (CHARON PTR-MS) and a high-resolution Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). EESI-MS and CHARON PTR-MS levoglucosan concentrations were well correlated, with a regression slope of 0.94, R2 = 0.77. AMS levoglucosan-equivalent concentrations and EESI-MS levoglucosan showed greater difference, with a regression slope of 1.36, R2 = 0.96, likely indicating the contribution of other compounds to the AMS levoglucosan-equivalent measurement. Total EESI-MS signal showed correlation (R2 = 0.9) with total organic aerosol measured by AMS, and the EESI-MS bulk organic aerosol sensitivity was 60 % of the sensitivity to levoglucosan standards.
The impact of wildfire on biogeochemical fluxes and water quality on boreal catchments
Authors: Granath Gustaf , Evans Christopher D. , Strengbom Joachim , Fölster Jens , Grelle Achim , Strömqvist Johan , Köhler Stephan J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Wildfires are the major disturbance in boreal ecosystems, and are of great importance for the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nutrients. However, these fire-induced impacts are hard to quantify and rarely assessed together at an ecosystem level incorporating both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Following a wildfire in Sweden in an area with ongoing monitoring, we conducted a pre- and post-fire multi-catchment investigation of element losses (combustion and leaching), and impacts on water quality. Direct C and nitrogen (N) losses through combustion were ca. 4500 g m−2 and 100 g m−2, respectively. Net CO2 loss associated with soil and biomass respiration was ~ 150 g C m−2 during the first year, but the ecosystem started to show net CO2 uptake in June three years post-fire. Aquatic C and N losses during the first 12 months were 7 g m−2 and 0.6 g m−2, respectively. Hence, soil respiration comprised a non-negligible part of the post-fire C loss, whereas aquatic C losses were minor, and did not increase post-fire. However, other elements (e.g., Ca, S) exhibited ecologically relevant increases in fluvial export and concentration, with large peaks in the immediate post-fire period. The temporal dynamics of stream concentrations suggest the presence of faster- and slower-release nutrient pools with half-lives of around 2 weeks and 4 months, which we attribute to physicochemically and biologically mediated mobilisation processes, respectively. Three years after the fire, it appears that biogeochemical cycles have largely returned to pre-fire conditions, but there is still net release of CO2.
A global geographic grid system for visualizing bathymetry
Authors: Ware Colin , Mayer Larry , Johnson Paul , Jakobsson Martin , Ferrini Vicki
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A global geographic grid system (Global GGS) is here
introduced to support the display of gridded bathymetric data at whatever
resolution is available in a visually seamless manner. The Global GGS
combines a quadtree metagrid hierarchy with a system of compatible data
grids. Metagrid nodes define the boundaries of data grids. Data grids are
regular grids of depth values, coarse grids are used to represent sparse
data and finer grids are used to represent high-resolution data. Both
metagrids and data grids are defined in geographic coordinates to allow
broad compatibility with the widest range of geospatial software packages.
An important goal of the Global GGS is to support the meshing of adjacent
tiles with different resolutions so as to create a seamless surface. This is
accomplished by ensuring that abutting data grids either match exactly with
respect to their grid-cell size or only differ by powers of 2. The
oversampling of geographic data grids, which occurs towards the poles due to
the convergence of meridians, is addressed by reducing the number of columns
(longitude sampling) by powers of 2 at appropriate lines of latitude. In
addition to the specification of the Global GGS, this paper describes a
proof-of-concept implementation and some possible variants.
Environmental DNA simultaneously informs hydrological and biodiversity characterization of an Alpine catchment
Authors: Mächler Elvira , Salyani Anham , Walser Jean-Claude , Larsen Annegret , Schaefli Bettina , Altermatt Florian , Ceperley Natalie
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Alpine streams are particularly valuable for downstream water resources and of high ecological relevance, however a detailed understanding of water storage and release in such heterogeneous environments is still often lacking. Observations of naturally occurring tracers, such as stable isotopes of water or electrical conductivity, are frequently used to track and explain hydrological patterns and processes. Importantly, some of these hydrological processes also create microhabitat variations in Alpine aquatic systems, each inhabited by characteristic organismal communities. The inclusion of such ecological diversity in a hydrologic assessment of an Alpine system may improve our understanding of hydrologic flows while also delivering biological information. Recently, the application of environmental DNA (eDNA) to assess biological diversity in water and connected habitats has gained popularity in the field of aquatic ecology. A few of these studies have started to link aquatic diversity with hydrologic processes, but hitherto never in an Alpine system. Here, we collected water from an Alpine catchment in Switzerland and compared the genetic information of eukaryotic organisms conveyed by eDNA with the hydrologic information conveyed by naturally-occurring, hydrologic tracers. Between March and September 2017, we sampled water at multiple time points at 10 sites distributed over the 13.4 km2 Vallon de Nant catchment (Switzerland). The sites corresponded to three different water types and habitats, namely low flow or ephemeral tributaries, groundwater fed springs, and the main channel receiving water from both previous mentioned water types. Accompanying observations of typical physico-chemical hydrologic characteristics with eDNA revealed that in the main channel and in the tributaries the biological richness increases according to change in streamflow, dq/dt. Whereas, in contrast, the richness in springs increased in correlation with electrical conductivity. At the catchment scale, our results suggest that transport of additional, and probably terrestrial, DNA into water storage or flow compartments occurs with increasing streamflow. Such processes include overbank flow, stream network expansion, and hyporheic exchange. In general, our results highlight the importance of considering the at-site sampling habitat in combination with upstream connected habitats to understand how streams integrate eDNA over a catchment and to interpret spatially distributed eDNA samples, both for hydrologic and biodiversity assessments. At the intersection of two disciplines, our study provides complementary knowledge gains and identifies the next steps to be addressed for using eDNA to achieve complementary insights into Alpine water sources. Finally, we provide recommendations for future observation of eDNA in Alpine stream ecosystems.
Coastal sea level rise at Senetosa (Corsica) during the Jason altimetry missions
Authors: Gouzenes Yvan , Léger Fabien , Cazenave Anny , Birol Florence , Bonnefond Pascal , Passaro Marcello , Nino Fernando , Almar Rafael , Laurain Olivier , Schwatke Christian , Legeais Jean-François , Benveniste Jérôme
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In the context of the ESA Climate Change Initiative project, we are engaged
in a regional reprocessing of high-resolution (20 Hz) altimetry data of the
classical missions in a number of the world's coastal zones. It is done using
the ALES (Adaptive Leading Edge Subwaveform) retracker combined with the
X-TRACK system dedicated to improve geophysical corrections at the coast.
Using the Jason-1 and Jason-2 satellite data, high-resolution, along-track sea
level time series have been generated, and coastal sea level trends have been
computed over a 14-year time span (from July 2002 to June 2016). In this
paper, we focus on a particular coastal site where the Jason track crosses
land, Senetosa, located south of Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea, for two
reasons: (1) the rate of sea level rise estimated in this project increases
significantly in the last 4–5 km to the coast compared to what is observed
further offshore, and (2) Senetosa is the calibration site for the
TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason altimetry missions, which are equipped for that purpose with
in situ instrumentation, in particular tide gauges and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna. A
careful examination of all the potential errors that could explain the
increased rate of sea level rise close to the coast (e.g., spurious trends
in the geophysical corrections, imperfect inter-mission bias estimate,
decrease of valid data close to the coast and errors in waveform retracking)
has been carried out, but none of these effects appear able to explain the
trend increase. We further explored the possibility that it results from real
physical processes. Change in wave conditions was investigated, but wave setup was excluded as a potential contributor because the magnitude was too low
and too localized in the immediate vicinity of the shoreline. A preliminary
model-based investigation about the contribution of coastal currents
indicates that it could be a plausible explanation of the observed change in
sea level trend close to the coast.
Evolution of the Iberian Massif as deduced from its crustal thickness and geometry of a mid-crustal (Conrad) discontinuity
Authors: Ayarza Puy , Martínez Catalán José Ramón , Martínez García Ana , Alcalde Juan , Andrés Juvenal , Simancas José Fernando , Palomeras Immaculada , Martí David , DeFelipe Irene , Juhlin Chris , Carbonell Ramón
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Normal incidence seismic data provide the best images of the crust and lithosphere. When properly designed and continuous, these sections greatly contribute to understanding the geometry of orogens and, together with surface geology, to unravel their evolution. In this paper we present an almost complete transect of the Iberian Massif, the westernmost exposure of the European Variscides. Despite the heterogeneity of the dataset, acquired during the last 30 years, the images resulting from reprocessing with a homogeneous workflow allow us to clearly define the crustal thickness and its internal architecture. The Iberian Massif crust, formed by the amalgamation of continental pieces belonging to Gondwana and Laurussia (Avalonian margin) is well structured in upper and lower crust. A conspicuous mid-crustal discontinuity is clearly defined by the top of the reflective lower crust and by the asymptotic geometry of reflections that merge into it, suggesting that it has often acted as a detachment. The geometry and position of this discontinuity can give us insights on the evolution of the orogen, i.e. of the effects and extent of the late Variscan gravitational collapse. Also, its position and the limited thickness of the lower crust in central and NW Iberia constraints the response of the Iberian microplate to Alpine shortening. This discontinuity is here observed as an orogeny-scale feature with characteristics compatible with those of the worldwide, Conrad discontinuity.
Estudio de caso sobre el desarrollo de competencias emocionales y la construcción de la identidad personal en un centro de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Sánchez Calleja Laura , García Jiménez Eduardo
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. La Educación Emocional desarrolla las competencias emocionales consideradas esenciales para la construcción de la identidad personal, en la que la interacción con los agentes externos adquiere un papel insustituible desde una perspectiva constructivista. Este trabajo presenta cómo la implementación del Programa de la Asignatura de Educación Emocional (AEdEm) favorece la construcción de la identidad personal. MÉTODO. La metodología seguida ha implicado la aplicación y evaluación de los resultados del dicho programa en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria. Las evidencias en las que se apoya la evaluación se han obtenido a partir de observaciones en el aula, entrevistas a los estudiantes y autoinformes realizados durante el desarrollo del programa. El análisis cualitativo de dicha información se ha realizado mediante un sistema de categorías construido a partir del constructo identidad y de un modelo competencial. RESULTADOS. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la Educación Emocional favorece la construcción de la identidad personal mediante el desarrollo de aspectos propios de las competencias emocionales que van desde la conciencia, expresión y autorregulación de las propias emociones a la responsabilidad, la empatía y las conductas prosociales. DISCUSIÓN. En conclusión, la Educación Emocional, cuando se aborda de forma sistemática y se incorpora al currículum, contribuye a la formación de la identidad personal haciendo personas más conscientes y sensibles a nivel individual y social.
Stunts and Sensationalism: The Pennsylvania Progressive Era Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
Authors: Moravec Michelle , Pettine Katherine , Smalley Hope
Published: October 2020

Drawing on biographies of Pennsylvania women active in the National American Woman Suffrage Association, this article explores strategies used by suffragists during the Progressive Era. During Pennsylvania’s 1915 campaign for a state suffrage amendment, supporters participated in several stunts, including suffrage gardens and tour of a replica Liberty Bell. Despite the failure of the amendment to win the vote for women, the experiences of campaigning in 1915 and up to 1919 functioned as a training ground for the first generation of women to fully participate in the political life of Pennsylvania.
Privilege and Silence in the Alice Marshall Women’s History Collection
Authors: Burns Tesa Lark
Published: October 2020

Alice Kahler Marshall (1923–97) was a journalist, researcher, speechwriter, Pennsylvania state employee, and a collector of women’s history. Marshall’s extensive collection, touted as the most comprehensive women’s history collection in the United States, now resides at Archives and Special Collections in the Penn State Harrisburg Library. This article uses the Alice Marshall Women’s History Collection as a case study to critically examine private collections through the lens of intersectionality. Examining the creation and subsequent use of the collection, it considers the following: In collections compiled by private individuals and donated to public repositories, how do factors such as the collector’s privilege and interests and the context in which materials are acquired affect which historical voices are heard or silenced? Can materials produced using these collections truly be “objective”? This article also investigates possible solutions, such as digital collections and ethical action by archivists.
“Good Comedy Can Upset People”: A Conversation with Bobby Wilson of the 1491s
Authors: Kongerslev Marianne
Published: October 2020

In this interview Bobby Wilson (Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota) of the comedy group The 1491s shares stories about life as an Indigenous comic artist. Tongue-in-cheek and often sarcastic, Wilson talks about turning tragedy into dark comedy in the play Between Two Knees (2019), the artistic merits of humor, and the intersections of politics, activism, and comedy. Part personal history, part origin story of the comedy group, the interview covers a host of different topics, ranging from the significance of colonial trauma to the ability to poke fun at themselves.
Utopia from Text to Interpretation: A Homage to Lyman Tower Sargent
Authors: Fortunati Vita
Published: October 2020

Lyman Tower Sargent is one of the few scholars and intellectuals I have met whose research and studies are embodied in their actual life, since for him the values of utopianism (equality, peace, elimination of poverty, a harmonious life wherein a balance between the mind and the body is ultimately achieved) constitute the base and foundation of his personal and political choices. My essay is a personal reflection on his life and scholarly work.
[Living] In Utopia: Lyman Tower Sargent and a Plan for Wellington Until the Destruction
Authors: Dunham Donald
Published: October 2020

This essay explores and recalls my relationship with Lyman Tower Sargent, an adviser and reader for my 1996 Master of Architecture thesis “A Plan for Wellington Until the Destruction” undertaken at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. The discussion is set against multiple backdrops: Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand (“between its horns the sea comes in eleven miles broad, and spreads itself into a great bay”), a place that I considered to be an ideal armature for a utopian construct; the “continent” (U.S.); the Jonestown agricultural commune, Guyana; and the work of artist Robert Mapplethorpe.
Utopia and Cultural Memory: A Survey of Themes and Critical Problems
Authors: da Silva Jorge Bastos
Published: October 2020

Utopias are embedded in contexts from which they derive meaning and significance. As a vehicle for speculation, intervention, and creativity, narrative utopia (the literary genre and its counterparts in other media) reflects the circumstances of its times, including its culture's relationship to the past. This article offers a survey of ways in which utopias engage with the problematics of historical memory both by looking to the past in the “real” world (either critically or apologetically) or in a mythical world (in the sphere of religion) and by positing fictional peoples with their own historical memory/ies, as instanced in legends, libraries, works of art, and so on. The erasure or falsification of memory, on the other hand, appears as an important leitmotif of the dystopian imagination. By pointing out a variety of examples and issues, the article will attempt to bridge the existing gap between utopian studies and cultural memory studies.
Utopian Studies: An Interdisciplinary Pursuit
Authors: Curtis Claire P. , Hintz Carrie
Published: October 2020

The article reflects on Lyman Tower Sargent's role in fostering interdisciplinary inquiry.
Lionel Britton's Brain. A Play of the Whole Earth: A Utopian Bildungsroman of an Idea in Society
Authors: Galant Justyna
Published: October 2020

The article is an examination of the 1930 play Brain. A Play of the Whole Earth, by an obscure early twentieth-century British writer, Lionel Britton, in the light of the writings of Polish Jewish physician and philosopher of science Ludwik Fleck and the sociologist Émile Durkheim. A consideration of the notion of collectivity as depicted in the text, its complex representation of a posthuman existence, and the unusual generic characteristics of the play lead to the suggestion that Brain may be regarded as a utopian bildungsroman whose main focus is the life of an idea in society.
Presión y fraude fiscales, predisposición a pagar impuestos y satisfacción personal en España
Authors: Novo Corti Isabel , Díaz Roldán Carmen , Ruesga Benito Santos M.
Published: October 2020

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el beneficio percibido por el pago de impuestos en España y la satisfacción personal, en función de la predisposición a pagar impuestos, de la presión y fraude fiscales percibidos. Se propone un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se utilizan datos de la encuesta sobre opinión pública y política fiscal del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS). Los resultados confirman que la satisfacción personal está relacionada con el beneficio percibido por el pago de impuestos y la moralidad fiscal, así como la importancia de la presión y el fraude fiscal como variables explicativas de dicho beneficio percibido. Las implicaciones de estas relaciones sobre la eficacia de las políticas fiscales pueden ser interesantes para los gestores de políticas públicas.
Incertidumbres generadas durante el proceso del Brexit entre los trabajadores españoles altamente cualificados
Authors: R. Aragón Rebeca , Díaz Bretones Francisco D. Bretones
Published: October 2020

El objeto de este artículo es analizar la influencia del Brexit en los trabajadores españoles en Reino Unido. Para ello, llevamos a cabo un estudio cualitativo mediante 38 entrevistas en profundidad a migrantes españoles residentes en Gran Bretaña meses antes de la salida efectiva de la Unión Europea. Del análisis de las entrevistas pudimos observar que, a pesar de la permanente idea de retorno al país de origen, se dan diversas variables sociales y emocionales que anclan a estas personas a permanecer en el Reino Unido. Sin embargo, el proceso posterior del Brexit ha ejercido un efecto catalizador, «desanclando» y rompiendo el proceso identitario con la sociedad de destino. Creemos que este estudio nos permite describir cómo los procesos de asentamiento de migrantes están condicionados por diversos acontecimientos sociales y políticos del país de destino.
¿Puede el borrador mejorar el cumplimiento tributario? los efectos del programa Renta Web desde una perspectiva de sociología tributaria
Authors: Martínez-Vázquez Jorge , Sanz-Arcega Eduardo
Published: October 2020

A partir de los datos contenidos en la oleada de 2016 del Barómetro Fiscal del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, este trabajo explora si los datos fiscales que la Agencia Tributaria proporciona a los contribuyentes del IRPF influyen en la moral fiscal y en el modo en el que los contribuyentes cumplimentan su declaración. Mediante modelos probit contrastamos si los datos fiscales aumentan la moral fiscal. En segundo lugar, contrastamos si los datos fiscales sirven para disuadir la percepción de conductas fraudulentas. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, es la relación entre modificar los datos fiscales y la probabilidad percibida de ser inspeccionado lo que influencia tanto la moral fiscal como las percepciones sobre la cumplimentación de la declaración. Varias recomendaciones de política económica se derivan de los resultados obtenidos.
Operation of the induction motor in non-sinusoidal voltage supply conditions
Authors: Drabek Tomasz , Krzyściak Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the theoretical basis of the mathematical expression derived from the American standard, used to determine the thermally permissible torque load capacity of the cage induction motors when supplied with distorted voltages. The results of the measurement verification of this expression for different voltage shapes supplying the tested motor are presented. The test results confirmed the correctness of the expression when the motor is supplied with distorted voltage with a limited number of higher harmonics.
Jus Cogens: A Complex Case of Constitutional Reasoning in International Law
Authors: Jovanović Miodrag
Published: October 2020

Article 53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties famously introduced a special class of international legal rules - jus cogens norms - without specifying its content. The paper proceeds by adopting the heuristic framework of constitutionalization of international law, arguing that jus cogens norms contribute to at least two constitutionalist functions - that of limiting the international governance and hierarchizing international legal order. Hence, it is possible to argue that jus cogens reasoning is a specific type of constitutional reasoning. Despite stipulated formal qualities of jus cogens norms, in trying to establish their content state actors are in the situation similar to constitutional adjudicators dealing with underdetermined legal content of a constitutional text. What directs the process of jus cogens reasoning is, thus, the particular nature of the subject-matter with which those norms deal. The last part of the paper provides the analytical reconstruction of the jus cogens constitutional reasoning, focusing on the process of ascertainment, which is to be taken by the community of states. It is argued that what ascertainment requires is, inter alia, resorting to a unique interpretative tool - reverse teleological argument - with the use of which the state actor can extract from the fundamental values of international legal order a class of peremptory norms of international law.
The Relationship between Politics and Law. The function of jus symbioticum in Politica methodice digesta of Johannes Althusius
Authors: Pizza Ilaria
Published: October 2020

This work aims to clarify how the relationship between politics and law is conceived in Johannes Althusius’ greatest work, Politica methodice digesta. The intention is thus to explain what function the law, specifically defined jus symbioticum - from the attribute συμβιωτική proper to the ars politica -takes on in the various kinds of association that Althusius identified, the political nature of which he emphatically reaffirmed.
Prime Numbers Distribution Line
Authors: Aleksandr Gennadiyevich Shcherbakov
Published: October 2020

During the analysis of the fractal-primorial periodicity of the natural series of numbers, presented in the form of an alternation (sequence) of prime numbers (1 smallest prime factor > 1 of any integer), the regularity of prime numbers distribution was revealed. That is, the theorem is proved that for any integer = N on the segment of the natural series of numbers from 1 to N + 2N: (1) prime numbers are arranged in groups, by exactly three consecutive prime numbers of the form: (Р1-Р2-Р3). In this case, the distance from the first to the third prime number of any group is less than 2N integers, that is, Р3–Р1 < 2N integers. (2) These same prime numbers are redistributed in a line in groups, by exactly two consecutive prime numbers, on all segments of the natural series of numbers shorter than 2Nintegers.
Magnetic Separation of Impurities from Hydrometallurgy Solutions and Waste Water Using Magnetic Iron Ore Seeding
Authors: Han Haisheng , Sun Wenjuan , Sun Wei , Hu Yuehua
Published: October 2020

The removal of iron ion from leaching solution is critical for the recovery of value metals, with the method of choice commonly being crystallization (precipitation). This paper summarized the new improvements in iron removal by precipitation methods in recent years and proposed a novel process, magnetic seeding and separation. The new process can promote iron precipitate aggregation and growth on the surface of the magnetic iron ore seeds. A core-shell structure was formed of iron precipitate and magnetic iron ore seeds, which can be magnetized and coalesced in magnetic field, accelerating the solid-liquid separation. The efficient magnetic flocculation and separation offset the poor settleability and filterability of the residues, contributing to the development of the hydrometallurgy process. Moreover, magnetic seeding and separation was also used for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater, significantly improving the purification efficiency. Therefore, iron ore not only played an important role in mining and steel manufacture, but also can be used to solve some problems in crossing fields.
Ethical Values in Radiation Protection
Authors: Fumoto Hiromichi
Published: October 2020

The subject of bioethics probably first began appearing in radiation protection terminology when the reference was being made to the survivors of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This chapter, therefore, referring to the history of radiation protection since X-ray and radium radiation sources, addresses the nightmare of atomic bombs based on a review of original data and endeavors to determine what the role of ethics is in the radiation protection system as applied to our daily lives constituent to these horrific events. Somatic effects, as differentiated from genetic effects, or late somatic effects are discussed, and an introduction to stochastic effects is also made. It should be noted that a linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been widely applied to radiation protection systems in its pragmatism to be applied to regulatory authorities. However, the radiation detriment below 50 mSv/y is not clearly explained so far. Even though it is only a model, some countries couple LNT with stochastic effects, believing that “lesser is better” as far as radiation exposure is concerned, with criteria reaching as low as tens of micro Sieverts/year, which is equivalent to one two-hundredth of the average exposure received from nature in our living environment.
Challenges and Advances in the Planning of Tourism with Amazon River Dolphins in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Derzi Vidal Marcelo , Maria da Costa Santos Priscila , do Perpétuo Socorro Rodrigues Chaves Maria , Swett Robert
Published: October 2020

Being considered charismatic cetaceans are among the animals most sought after in tourist interactions that may involve observation, touch, swimming, and provisioning food. This tourism model has the potential to generate socioeconomic and conservationist benefits. However, when carried out in a disorderly manner, this can have a negative impact on cetaceans and tourists alike. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges and advances within the process of participatory planning of tourism with Amazon River dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). Our goal is to present strategies that can support the development of projects and public policies aimed at management of wildlife tourism in other areas. Since its implementation at the Anavilhanas National Park - Brazil, the activity had never had its impact monitored by any competent bodies, and this has led to problems and quick spreading to other sites. The rules and guidelines implemented in have significantly reduced risks for tourists and dolphins alike, improving tourist experience and promoting the awareness of animal life. However, many issues remain and need to be solved, especially in the protected areas. These include reduced staff levels, which limits the ability to implement and monitor planned actions. Such shortcomings lead to setbacks in the development of tourist activities with cetaceans.
Promoción y posicionamiento de Fotoinedita.com
Authors: Martelanc Neva
Published: October 2020

El Trabajo Final de Máster (TFM) se ha desarrollado con el propósito de promocionar el sitio web Fotoinedita.com y posicionarlo en los motores de búsqueda para fomentar el tráfico web hacia el mismo y aumentar su visibilidad entre el público objetivo. Las etapas del TFM han consistido en el análisis de la competencia, en la elaboración y la implementación de una estrategia SEO y en su evaluación.