bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of elephants and fire on vegetation at Marakele National Park, South Africa
Authors: Van Staden Piet , Bezuidenhout Hugo , Ferreira Sam , Bredenkamp George
Published: November 2024

Elephants and fire can modify African savanna ecosystems. The authors evaluated the influence that elephants and fires had on five mountainous plant communities in Marakele National Park. These plant communities were surveyed from 1996 to 2010 with the first sampling in 1996 in the absence of elephants. Initially thirty-nine elephants, introduced in 1996, increased to 150 by 2010 while fires occurred roughly every second year. Over this period vegetation changed and in four of the five cases these associated with structural damage indices, assumed to reflect the effects of elephants. Fire played a role in one of the five mountainous plant communities. The expansion of areas available for elephants partially resulted in halting vegetation changes. The authors conclude that existing resource gradients still impose intensity of use by elephants that can degrade plant communities. In some instances elephant disturbance may facilitate fire disturbance in future. The management should focus on restoring spatial and temporal limitation of resource gradients such as water, and on how elephants use landscapes, while protecting unique plant communities in the interim.
Additional key words: plant species composition, vegetation structure, Euclidean distance
Les éléphants et l’incendie peuvent modifier les écosystèmes de la savane africaine. Les auteurs ont évalué l’influence des éléphants et des incendies sur cinq communautés de plantes montagneuses dans le parc national Marakele. On a étudié ces communautés végétales de 1996 à 2010 avec le premier échantillonnage fait en 1996 en l’absence des éléphants. A l’origine, trente-neuf éléphants, introduits en 1996, se sont multipliés jusqu’à 150 en 2010 alors que les incendies se produisaient approximativement tous les deux ans. Au cours de cette période, la végétation a changé et, dans quatre cas sur cinq, ceux associés aux indices de dommages structurels semblaient refléter les effets des éléphants. L’incendie a joué un rôle dans l’une des cinq communautés de plantes montagneuses. L’expansion des zones disponibles pour les éléphants a entraîné en partie l’arrêt des changements de végétation. Les auteurs concluent que les gradients de ressources existants imposent toujours une intensité d’utilisation par les éléphants qui peuvent dégrader les communautés végétales. Dans certains cas, la perturbation par les éléphants peut faciliter celle de l’incendie à l’avenir. La gestion devrait se concentrer sur la restauration de la limitation spatiale et temporelle des gradients de ressources, comme l’eau, et sur la façon dont les éléphants utilisent les paysages tout en protégeant les communautés végétales uniques dans l’entre-temps.
Mots clés supplémentaires: composition des espèces végétales, structure végétale, distance euclidienne
Wildlife and warfare: a case study of pachyderms in Garamba National Park, DRC
Authors: Smith Kes
Published: November 2024

Wildlife conservation planning, funding and implementation often takes account of and sets priorities on the basis of wildlife numbers, biodiversity and species habitat, protected area status and their value in the bigger landscape picture, practicality and the chances of success—which reflect well on the funding body. Armed conflict is almost always seen as a negative factor and in the case of it arising, many organisations pull out. The Democratic Republic of Congo has been affected by several such conflicts but has also benefitted from the first project aimed specifically at maintaining biodiversity conservation during armed conflict. This paper takes Garamba National Park, DRC as a case study, presents population data of the main large mammals from 40 years of systematic aerial survey and relates trends to the specific effects of eight conflict crises and times of peace and the presence or absence of international support between 1960 and 2016. It draws lessons learned from first hand experience of the mechanisms and secondary effects of armed conflict and the approaches to maintaining conservation during such periods.
La planification, le financement et la mise en œuvre de la conservation de la faune prennent souvent en compte et fixent les priorités en fonction du nombre d'espèces sauvages, de la biodiversité et de l'habitat de l’espèce, du statut des aires protégées et de leur valeur dans le cadre plus grand du paysage, la praticabilité et les possibilités de succès qui rehaussent l’image de l'organisme de financement. Les conflits armés sont presque toujours considérés comme un facteur négatif et, dans le cas où ils surviennent, de nombreuses organisations se retirent. La République Démocratique du Congo a été affectée par plusieurs de ces conflits mais elle a également bénéficié du premier projet visant spécifiquement à maintenir la conservation de la biodiversité durant les conflits armés. Cet article présente le Parc national de la Garamba en RDC comme une étude de cas, présente les données démographiques des principaux grands mammifères à partir de 40 années de recensements aériens systématiques et relie les tendances aux effets spécifiques de huit crises de conflit et périodes de paix et la présence ou l'absence de soutien international entre 1960 et 2016. Il tire des enseignements appris de l'expérience de première main des mécanismes et des effets secondaires des conflits armés et des approches visant à maintenir la conservation pendant ces périodes.
Occurrence of rhinoceros in the Free State, South Africa: a reassessment
Authors: Jordaan Herman , Fourie Pieter , Lues Ryk
Published: November 2024

The last rhinoceros in the Orange Free State is believed to have been shot at Renosterkop near Kroonstad in 1842. This is one of nine farms in the present-day Free State Province with rhenoster (rhinoceros in Afrikaans) as a prefix in their names. These place names, and the petroglyph of a rhinoceros made by indigenous people on boulders near Rhenosterkop, indicate the occurrence of rhinos in the area in late historical times. We examined historical photographs, maps and literature to gain a retrospective view of the ecology. We conclude that the habitat could have supported small numbers of white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum), but that there was probably insufficient browsing vegetation for the survival of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) at these sites. Previous evidence of fossilized black rhino skulls from the province was discounted when these were found to be those of a hippopotamus and a predator. The reintroduction of rhinos to the Province began in 1962 when a white rhino was relocated from Natal Province to the Willem Pretorius Game Reserve. Since then, rhino numbers have increased significantly, and there are currently 669 white rhinos and 11 black rhinos on state and private land in Free State Province.
Le dernier rhinocéros de l'État Libre d'Orange aurait été abattu à Renosterkop, près de Kroonstad, en 1842. Il s'agit de l'une des neuf exploitations de la province de l'État Libre où l'on trouve rhenoster (rhinocéros en afrikaans) comme préfixe dans leurs noms. Ces noms de lieux, ainsi que le pétroglyphe d'un rhinocéros fait par des autochtones sur des rochers près de Rhenosterkop, indiquent la présence de rhinocéros dans la région à la fin des temps historiques. Nous avons examiné des photographies historiques, des cartes et de la littérature pour obtenir une vision rétrospective de l'écologie. Nous concluons que l’habitat aurait pu abriter un petit nombre de rhinocéros blancs (Ceratotherium simum), mais qu’il n’y avait probablement pas suffisamment de végétation arbustive pour la survie du rhinocéros noir (Diceros bicornis) sur ces sites. Des preuves antérieures de crânes de rhinocéros noirs fossiles de la province ont été ignorées lorsqu'il a été établi que celles-ci étaient celles d'un hippopotame et d'un prédateur. La réintroduction des rhinocéros dans la Province a commencé en 1962 lorsqu'un rhinocéros blanc a été transféré de la Province du Natal vers la Réserve de Chasse Willem Pretorius. Depuis lors, le nombre de rhinocéros a considérablement augmenté et on compte actuellement 669 rhinocéros blancs et 11 rhinocéros noirs sur des terres domaniales et privées dans la province de l'État Libre.
The Rhino Impact Investment Project—a new, outcomes-based finance mechanism for selected AfRSG-rated ‘Key’ black rhino populations
Authors: Jeffries Glen , Withers Oliver , Barichievy Chris , Gordon Chris
Published: November 2024

This article provides a detailed overview to date of the Rhino Impact Investment Project (RII). It shall explain in detail the overall objectives of RII—in principal, to develop the world’s first outcomes-based finance mechanism for a single species in order to overcome a variety of common problems seen in securing adequate funding for rhino conservation. A core part of RII relates to the rigorous selection process used to determine the sites to be included in the first iteration of this project, and this article focuses in detail on that process. Furthermore, the article shall examine the governance and management activity frameworks to be used for the RII, including the development of the African Rhino Theory of Change.
Additional key words: Rhinoceros, Impact bonds, black rhino growth rate, conservation finance
Cet article vise à fournir un aperçu détaillé de la mise en œuvre du Projet d’Investissement de l’Impact des Rhinocéros (IIR). Il expliquera en détail les objectifs de l’IIR—principalement: développer le premier mécanisme de finance au monde axé sur les résultats pour une seule espèce, pour permettre de surmonter une quantité de problèmes couramment rencontrés durant l’obtention du financement nécessaire pour la préservation des rhinocéros. L’un des buts principaux de l’IIR est lié au procédé rigoureux de sélection utilisé pour déterminer les sites qui devront être inclus dans la première version de ce projet, et cet article se concentre sur ce procédé. En outre, cet article examinera les cadres de gouvernance et de gestion qui seront utilisés pour l’IIR, y compris le développement de la Théorie du Changement du Rhinocéros d’Afrique.
Mots-clés supplémentaires: Rhinocéros, contrats à impact, taux de croissance des rhinocéros noirs, financement de la conservation
System for Elephant Ear-pattern Knowledge (SEEK) to identify individual African elephants
Authors: Bedetti Anka , Greyling Cathy , Paul Barry , Blondeau Jennifer , Clark Amy , Malin Hannah , Horne Jackie , Makukule Ronny , Wilmot Jessica , Eggeling Tammy , Kern Julie , Henley Michelle
Published: November 2024

Elephant numbers have drastically declined over the past century with illegal killings, habitat fragmentation and human-elephant-conflict representing the greatest threats. Information on estimates of abundance and demographics are important to understand the long-term implications of these threats. Mark-resighting studies can provide valuable insights but depend on the individual identification of numerous elephants within populations across both Africa and Asia. Most photographic elephant identification studies are still reliant on human memory and manual matching of known individuals. A process that is not only labour intensive but also largely dependent on experiential skills that need to be developed over time by researchers. Over the course of almost 25 years, Elephants Alive has developed a unique System of Elephant Ear-pattern Knowledge (SEEK), which makes allowance for rapid individual identification of savannah elephants with reduced observer bias using basic software while also accommodating missing information or changes in identification features over time.
 
Résumé
L’effectif de la population d’éléphants d’Afrique connait un déclin rapide depuis le début du siècle avec pour principales menaces, le braconnage, la fragmentation de leur habitat et les conflits hommes/éléphants. Les estimations de leur abondance et les données démographiques sont importantes pour comprendre les implications à long-termes de ces menaces. La méthode capture-marquage-recapture utilisée dans les études, fournie des informations précieuses mais dépend de l’identification individuelle de nombreux éléphants au sein des populations d’Afrique et d’Asie. La plupart des études d’identification photographiques d’éléphants dépendent toujours de la mémoire humaine et de l’appariement manuel d’individus connus. Un processus qui est non seulement minutieux et chronophage mais aussi largement tributaire des compétences expérientielles qui doivent être développées au fil du temps par les chercheurs.  En près de 25 ans, Elephants Alive développé un système d’identification unique « System of Elephant Ear-pattern Knowledge (SEEK) », qui utilise le dessin du contour des oreilles des éléphants de savane pour une identification rapide de l’individu avec un biais d'observation réduit, en utilisant un logiciel basique qui tient compte des informations manquantes et des changements des caractéristiques d’identification au fil du temps.
Table of Contents
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: November 2024

Table of Contents
Time series forecasting of greater one-horned rhinoceros poaching levels at Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India
Authors: Das Saureesh , Bhardwaj Rashmi
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with the forecasting of poaching of the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) (GOH) at Kaziranga National Park (KNP or the Park), Assam, India. Instances of poaching adversely affect efforts to conserve and increase the rhino population of the Park. The time series of total instances of poaching of GOH at KNP from the year 1965–2019 was considered in the study. The information about the period ending 2015 was used as training and testing data, and poaching levels for the period 2016–2019 were predicted using three different forecasting methods and compared with the available actual data. Three methods of time series forecasting are compared, namely Holt’s method (HM), Holt–Winters’ multiplicative method (HWMM) and Holt–Winters’ additive method (HWAM).
Pathology in elephant dentition—two addenda
Authors: Parker Ian SC
Published: November 2024

Parker (2017)* described a pathological condition of molar/alveola abscesses in elephants (Loxodonta africana). Instances cited were 84 in Uganda—all in Murchison Falls National Park (NP)—four single cases from different elephant groups in Kenya and one from Zimbabwe. This note extends those observations to a further six cases from central Mkomasi 1 National Park (then Game Reserve), Tanzania, that were overlooked at the time. The material was obtained during animals culled in 1969 and as described in Parker (2017). They are presented in Table 1.
Keywords
Abscesses, molars, lower jaw.
Mots clés
Abcès, molaires, mâchoire inférieure.
Early photographs of the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in the wild
Authors: Rookmaaker Kees
Published: November 2024

Despite recurrent obstacles in photographing animals in the wild, there are a few early examples. A dead rhinoceros shot in Assam by Wilfred Dakin Speer was photographed in 1862. An image of a living rhinoceros in Nepal was published in the Illustrated London News of 1906. This was followed by black and white photographs taken in 1909 by Victor Brooke of a rhinoceros attacking his elephant in 1911 during the tour of King George V in Nepal, and in 1923 by George Miller Dyott for the Vernay-Faunthorpe expedition of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Those taken in 1932 by the Swedish photographer Bengt Berg in Jaldapara, West Bengal, are among the best of early attempts in the wild.
Résumé
Malgré les obstacles récurrents liés à la photographie des animaux dans la nature, il existe quelques exemples antérieurs. Un rhinocéros mort abattu en Assam par Wilfred Dakin Speer a été photographié en 1862. Une image d'un rhinocéros en vie, prise au Népal a été publiée dans l'Illustrated London News de 1906. Ensuite suivirent des photographies en noir et blanc prises en 1909 par Victor Brooke, d'un rhinocéros s’attaquant à son éléphant, puis en 1911 lors de la tournée du roi George V au Népal, et en 1923 par George Miller Dyott pour l'expédition Vernay-Faunthorpe de l'American Museum of Natural History à New York. Celles prises en 1932 par le photographe suédois Bengt Berg à Jaldapara, au Bengale occidental, sont parmi les meilleures premières tentatives prises dans la nature.
Building sustainable ecosystems through community education
Authors: Hennery Richard , Mayaini  Ochen , Voorspuy Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Borana Conservancy lies in the Ewaso Nyiro ecosystem in Laikipia County, just north of the Equator in Kenya. Borana, together with its neighbour Lewa Wildlife Conservancy (LWC), is now home to 132 eastern black rhinos (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and 122 southern white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum). The population of black rhinos represents at least 13% of Kenya’s black rhino population. Borana’s work revolves around ‘the four Cs’: conservation, community, culture and commerce, showcasing best practices for sustainable living. The long-term goal of the Conservancy is to provide a sustainable ecosystem, in partnership with its neighbours and community, for critically endangered species on the brink of extinction.
However, the survival of Borana’s rhinos and other wildlife, is threatened by the unsustainable utilization of natural resources and rangelands across Laikipia County. Expanding human populations are placing significant pressures on these rangelands, exacerbating years of over-utilization and poor management. According to Dr Dino Martins formerly of Mpala Research Centre in Laikipia, livestock stocking rates on many communally owned ranches and conservancies are estimated to be 50 times higher than the recommended ecological carrying capacity (ECC). Many of the current generation of pastoralists believe that the degraded rangelands in their landscape are normal, not realizing that the rangelands should be covered with grass that would retain moisture, sequester carbon, secure water sources, and support biodiversity, if properly utilized and the livestock carrying capacity were reduced to the ideal balance. Although the local schools teach theoretical environmental science, there is no exposure, at a practical level, to how essential intact, functioning ecosystems serve for both humanity and biodiversity.
There is an increasing acknowledgement of the value of targeted, practical conservation education programmes in helping communities living adjacent to protected areas (PAs) to develop sustainable livelihoods and allow the effective, long-term conservation of wildlife and ecosystems. The future of Borana Conservancy, and of all PAs across Laikipia, Kenya and Africa as a whole, will depend on people placing a high natural-capital value on conservation and wildlife habitats, and on their having the skills to manage the wider environment in ways that support both human livelihoods and wildlife.
Analysis of tusks from the Central African Republic
Authors: Wells Michael , Douglas-Hamilton Iain
Published: November 2024

The analysis of tusks in the ivory trade can provide information useful in the evaluation of the status of exploited populations. Members of a WWF/IUCN survey team recently examined tusks which had been recovered from a poaching camp in the Gounda-St Floris National Park by government security forces. The data obtained have been analysed to obtain an indication of the pattern of elephant mortality in an area where high levels of poaching have recently been reported.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF ACACIA HONEY AND PIOGLITAZONE ON INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Khan Mahvash , Khan Umar Ali , Riaz Bushra , Ashfaq Mehvish , Javaid Jabran , Naureen Tallat
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major health threat worldwide. There is an increasing advocacy of natural products in the treatment of DM and its complications. Objective of this study was to see the effect of supplementation of Pioglitazone and Acacia honey on inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: The study was conducted in Al-Nafees Medical College in association with National Institute of Health, Islamabad. There were 150 male Sprague Dawley rats divided into 5 equal groups. Group-I was taken as normal control whereas Group-II was diabetic control. The Groups-II?V were given STZ through intraperitoneal route. Group-III received Acacia honey for 3 weeks. Group-IV was given intra-peritoneal injection of pioglitazone plus Acacia honey, and Group-V was administered pioglitazone through intraperitoneal route for same dose and duration. Serum catalase, hydrogen peroxide, CRP and TNF-? were measured after three weeks. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS-22. The values were presented as Mean±SEM and p?0.05 was considered significant. Results: On day 25 compared to Group-II, serum TNF-? and hydrogen peroxide levels were significantly decreased in Groups-III, IV and V. The mean serum CRP levels were significantly decreased in Group-III and IV while Group-II and III had significantly raised serum catalase levels. Conclusion: Acacia honey along with pioglitazone decreases oxidative stress as predicted by increase in levels of catalase. This combination also reduces inflammation as measured by decreased levels of CRP and TNF-? in STZ induced diabetic rats.
Pak J Physiol 2024;24(3):18?22,  DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i3.1536
EXPLORING THE STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE MOUSE MODEL IN BALB/C MICE: GAINING INSIGHTS INTO DIABETIC PNEUMOPATHY
Authors: Mahmood Asfia , Syed Tousif Ahmed  , Hameed Abdul , Bhagwani Aneel Roy , Borges Kevin
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetic pneumopathy has been a topic of interest in the present era, and it caught the eye during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extensive research provides compelling data supporting the association between diabetes and lung injury, establishing the lung as a principal organ affected by diabetes. However, the understanding of diabetic lung has always remained under shadow. For this purpose, we aimed to search for diabetic lung conditions by using a type 2 diabetic model in BALB/c mice. Methods: The study spanned from May to June 2023 at Ziauddin University. Nicotinamide, followed by streptozotocin, was injected into the mice. Mice were confirmed diabetic on the 7th day and housed for the onset of diabetic lung complications. After 28 days, mice underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and were then sacrificed, followed by the collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the extraction of the lungs. Lungs were fixed for histological analysis. Results: The presence of increased glycaemic levels, further verified by abnormal glucose tolerance, confirmed the establishment of the type 2 diabetic model. Additionally, the diabetic group showed lung fibrotic changes. Conclusion: The foundation of a type 2 diabetic model with the target of generating pneumopathy was accomplished successfully. 
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(3):31?6,  DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i3.1673
PREVALENCE OF WORKPLACE PHYSICAL VIOLENCE AGAINST HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN HOSPITAL
Authors: Javaid Muhammad Mohsin , Shahid Rafiq Ahmed , Rahim Ejaz , Khan Israr , Hameed Hassan , Mansoor Emaan , Ahmed Muhammad Rashid , Mansoor Afsheen
Published: November 2024

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is defined as ‘violent acts, including physical assaults and threats of assault, directed toward the persons on duty or at work’. Growing public-health concern among Healthcare Workers (HCW’s) is WPV. The purpose of this study was to estimate prevalence of healthcare-associated violence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Nishtar Hospital, Multan from June to August 2020. World Health Organization tool was used to collect quantitative data on different aspects of workplace violence after taking informed consent from universally selected 164 healthcare professionals working in the Emergency Department. Results: Out of 164 healthcare workers, 97 were males while 67 were females. More than 70% (115) had 1–5 years experience and 41 (25%) had more than 5 years experience. Sixty percent of the participants reported any form of violence during their careers, 57 (34.75%) reported physical violence while 41 (25%) reported verbal abuse. When talking about frequency of physical violent events, 84.2% reported more than once a month. All participants who reported physical violence and verbal abuse responded that the place of the incident was inside in the hospital/facility and could have been prevented. Conclusion: Violence inside workplace is at a higher note and is preventable. Academic institutions should teach the necessary skills also for responding to acts of violence.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(3):81-3,  DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i3.1738
Juvenile Justice Act: A Critical Assessment of Its Role in Supporting Vulnerable Youth
Authors: Chavan Amruta Arjun
Published: November 2024

Juvenile Justice Act: A Critical Assessment of Its Role in Supporting Vulnerable Youth Ms. Amruta Arjun Chavan B.SL, LL.B, LL.M, PGDHR, PGCADR, SET, (Ph.D. in Law) Teaching Associate of Law, Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad Abstract One important piece of legislation designed to address the interests and rights of young people who are at risk within the legal system is the Juvenile Justice Act. In this research paper the efficacy of the Act in protecting, rehabilitating, and reintegrating young offenders is critically examined. The research outlines important strengths and opportunities for development by analyzing the Act’s provisions, implementation techniques, and results. The study emphasizes the need of a comprehensive strategy that strikes a balance between responsibility and the necessity of compassionate intervention, stressing the contribution of psychological, social, and educational support to good development. This paper intends to add to the current conversation on juvenile justice reform and the development of a more equitable and encouraging system for young people in legal trouble by evaluating the Act’s effects on vulnerable adolescents. This paper critically examines the Juvenile Justice Act and its efficacy in addressing the needs of vulnerable youth within the Indian criminal justice system. With a focus on the socio-legal framework established by the Act, this study explores the challenges and shortcomings in its implementation, particularly concerning marginalized groups. Also, various provisions of the Act, including the rehabilitation measures for juvenile offenders and the legal protections afforded to children in conflict with the law. Keywords: Juvenile Justice Act, Vulnerable Youth, Criminal Justice System, Rehabilitation, Juvenile Delinquency, Child Rights, Legal Framework, Mental Health, Social Justice, Child Protection. etc.
CISTITE IDIOPÁTICA FELINA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Pelá Amanda Angélica , Jeronimo Anna Clara , Arruda Maria Júlia Spiasse de , Fabricio Yasmin dos Santos
Published: November 2024

Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a disease that mainly affects domestic cats, and can be very frequent, associated with frequency and pain. It is a very complex condition because its specific cause is not known. Its diagnosis is made through exclusion, that is, by ruling out other possible causes of lower urinary tract inflammation. In most cases, dietary changes, environmental enrichment and stress control are used, in an attempt to promote the well-being of those affected and improve the quality of life. It is essential that there is the right choice for treatment, as a mistake can lead to the individual's death, and several types of drug intervention to control pain and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve patients' suffering are viable. Therefore, the present study addresses the main aspects of the ICF, such as the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnoses, and treatment, exploring different perspectives highlighted in the literature.
Entrevista com Carlos Velloso, ex-ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Velloso Carlos Mário da Silva , Morato de Andrade Otávio , Xavier Rodrigo Leonardo Vítor
Published: November 2024

Nascido a 19 de janeiro de 1936 em Entre Rios de Minas, no campo das vertentes, Carlos Mário da Silva Velloso sonhava em ser jogador de futebol e aviador. Todavia, a influência do pai, que foi promotor de justiça e juiz, conduziu-o para uma notável carreira jurídica. Após graduar-se na Faculdade de Direito da UFMG (FD-UFMG) em 1963, Velloso passou em concursos públicos para promotor de justiça, juiz seccional e juiz de Direito, sendo nomeado juiz federal em Minas Gerais no ano de 1967. Paralelamente à magistratura, lecionou nas faculdades de direito da UFMG, UNA, Universidade de Brasília (UnB) e PUC-MG, da qual também foi diretor. Em 1978, foi nomeado ministro do antigo Tribunal Federal de Recursos (TFR) que, com a Constituição de 1988, daria lugar ao STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) e aos TRFs (Tribunais Regionais Federais). Em 1990, foi escolhido ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), presidindo a Corte entre 1999 e 2001. Aposentou-se em 2006, por implemento de idade (70 anos), com mais de meio século de serviço público prestado. É também professor-titular aposentado da Faculdade de Direito da UnB. Desde 2006, atua na advocacia privada, sócio da Advocacia Velloso, com sede em Brasília. Nesta entrevista, Velloso compartilha reflexões sobre sua trajetória jurídica, que o consagrou como um dos constitucionalistas de maior expressão no Brasil.
Nanosolutions for a Sustainable Tomorrow: Harnessing Nanomaterials for a Green Environment
Authors: Bhimwal Dr. Mahesh Kumar , SHARMA DEEPSHIKHA
Published: November 2024

Nanomaterials have various advantages, but we still do not fully understand how they can affect the environment and public health. When engineered at the nanoscale, even familiar materials such as silver may become dangerous. Certain nanomaterials may be found in nature, such as lipids present in human fat and blood and proteins carried by the blood that are vital to life. However, engineered nanomaterials are of great interest to scientists. Engineered nanomaterials have piqued the interest of scientists because they are intended for application in a wide range of consumer goods, gadgets, and constructions. Currently, engineered nanomaterials are used in the production of hundreds of everyday products, such as electronics, sporting goods, sunscreens, cosmetics, and clothes that resist stains. They work in environmental cleanup, pharmaceutical delivery, medical diagnostics, and imaging.
Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change
Authors: Sethi Pooja , Syal Jyoti
Published: November 2024

The long-term storage of carbon dioxide in soils, vegetation, oceans, and geological formations, with the objective of reducing or postponing global warming, is known as carbon sequestration. It reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emitted by various human activities. Scientists estimate that there is a direct correlation between rising global temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, with the atmosphere containing 30% more carbon today than it did 150 years ago. One recommended approach to reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide is to increase carbon storage globally through a variety of means. To slow the net rate of increase in atmospheric CO2, carbon sequestration involves storing CO2 in long-lived global pools found in forests, oceans, biomass, and geological strata. This process is crucial for the maintenance of the global carbon cycle. To combat climate change, the global community must lower carbon emissions and increase net carbon sequestration. These methods can reduce the risks associated with climate change, but it is important to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each suggested carbon sequestration strategy. The present study attempts to discuss various methods of carbon sequestration to reduce global warming.
Electrochemical & spectroscopic characterization of CC-PPY/PANI-MWCNT nanocomposite for microbial fuel cell applications
Authors: Sharma Sharaddha , Tiwari D. C.
Published: November 2024

Nanocomposite of polypyrrole/polyaniline multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PANI/PPY-multiwalled carbon nanotubes [MWCNT]) was electrochemically deposited on surface of porous carbon cloth (CC). The Modified nanocomposite was used as anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sewage waste water treatment while generating electrical power. The modified electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR. The electrochemical properties and conductivity of the electrode have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composite electrode shows good conductivity and power Density 1,145.4 + 5.5 mWm-2 obtained at seventh day, 15th and 27th day of incubation Composite also shows stability and biocompatibility for sewage waste water treatment while generating electricity.
Incidence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Out-of-Pocket Expenditure among Senior Elderly of five Districts in Kerala
Authors: N Parvathy , Divi Sriram , Dorasamy Nirmala
Published: November 2024

Background: The nation's healthcare system, which is already struggling with constraints, faces a significant challenge from India's growing elderly population. As the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) rises among this demographic, concerns mount over the strain on healthcare services. Objective: the study's primary aim was to evaluate the incidence of NCDs and the financial burden of out-of-pocket expenses associated with hospital stays for the middle-aged and older segments of the population. Methods: The referenced study, employing a systematic random sampling method, sought to gather pertinent data within Kerala—a state in southern India. Conducted across five specific districts.  Results: The findings from a sample of 500 individuals revealed that 45% were afflicted with NCDs. Notably, a significant majority of these patients, irrespective of their economic status, opted for private healthcare providers, accounting for 60.5% of the respondents. This preference underscores the perceived or actual disparities in the quality of care between private and public healthcare institutions. Conclusions: The study's insights are crucial in understanding the healthcare dynamics at play and could serve as a catalyst for policy reform, aiming to enhance the accessibility and affordability of healthcare for India's aging population. It also highlights the urgent need for a robust healthcare system that can accommodate the complex needs of the elderly, particularly in managing chronic conditions that require long-term care and substantial financial resources. Way ahead: Utilising frontline staff (ANMs and ASHAs) can assist in putting NCD interventions into practice at the community level.
Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de medicina no Brasil: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Barbosa Rafael Soares , Silva Roberta Lima , Dias Luiz Paulo Leite Barros da Cunha , Lobato Joaquim Felipe Sousa de Carvalho , Moraes Lael Mendonça , Mendes João Pedro de Carvalho Pereira , Nunes Dimitri Nuremberg Souza , Siqueira Vinicius Alves Borges de , Neto José Nilo Ribeiro , Santana Gabriel Rodrigues Oliveira de , Faustino Victor Botelho de Araújo , Freitas Dara Farias , Silva Bruno Reges da , Diaz Bruna Mesquita , Soares Márcio Renan Barros
Published: November 2024

A Síndrome de Burnout (SB) é uma condição caracterizada pelo esgotamento profissional ou estudantil do indivíduo. Múltiplas são as causas, sendo as três principais à exaustão emocional, despersonalização e baixa auto realização. Sabendo-se que a SB é um fenômeno frequente entre os estudantes de medicina brasileiros, o presente estudo buscou compreender o estado da literatura recente produzida acerca da SB no Brasil. A metodologia empregada nesse estudo foi a de revisão qualitativa da literatura, onde foram selecionados catorze (14) artigos encontrados nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Google Scholar dos últimos seis anos. Nos resultados encontrados, foi possível observar que a SB é uma constante entre os estudantes de medicina no Brasil, mas que tem efeitos diferentes de acordo com o momento do curso no qual se encontra o aluno, e como este encara as pressões associadas às exigências sobre ele impostas. Conclui-se, pois, que há a necessidade da compreensão mais detalhada dos diversos fatores que culminam na SB entre os estudantes de medicina brasileiros, assim como os aspectos preventivos e resolutivos para a questão.
Eficácia do tratamento com CPAP em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono: Uma análise comparativa
Authors: Soares Caio Malef da Silva , Araújo Marly Sousa de , Freire Fernanda Fonsêca Monteiro , Campos Maíra Dias de Oliveira , Duarte Juliane Alves de Oliveira , Rebouças Sidney Cezar Rodrigues , Bezerra Igo Marcel Medeiros , Melo Maria Eduarda Passos de Araújo Leão , Pinheiro Nathalia Viviane Araújo , Duarte Anne Louise da Silva Sales , Rosado Renata Dantas Amorim , Mourato Emanuely Pinheiro Gomes
Published: November 2024

Este estudo investiga a eficácia do CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) na redução dos riscos cardiovasculares em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS), com ênfase em sua superioridade em comparação a outras intervenções. A AOS, uma síndrome respiratória comum, está associada a riscos cardiovasculares, incluindo hipertensão e insuficiência cardíaca, em grande parte devido à ativação simpática e à hipóxia intermitente durante o sono. O CPAP atua diretamente na eliminação dos episódios de apneia e hipopneia, promovendo a abertura das vias aéreas, o que reduz a ativação simpática e normaliza a oxigenação sanguínea. Para este estudo, foi realizada uma Revisão de Literatura, abrangendo artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos com foco na eficácia do CPAP em desfechos cardiovasculares, comparados a alternativas como dispositivos mandibulares e perda de peso. A análise revelou que o CPAP apresenta vantagens no controle da pressão arterial, especialmente à noite, restaurando o padrão normal de “dipping” e reduzindo a variabilidade pressórica, fatores críticos para o controle dos riscos cardiovasculares. Em contrapartida, dispositivos mandibulares mostraram benefícios mais limitados e foram indicados para casos de apneia leve, enquanto a perda de peso foi eficaz na redução da gravidade da AOS, mas com impacto cardiovascular menos expressivo. A adesão ao CPAP emergiu como fator definidor para a eficácia da terapia, já que está diretamente ligada ao tempo de uso, sendo que pacientes que usaram o CPAP por pelo menos 4 horas por noite apresentaram redução de eventos cardiovasculares. Entretanto, a adesão ao CPAP permanece um desafio, com pacientes relatando dificuldades de uso regular. A conclusão destaca que o CPAP deve ser recomendado como tratamento de primeira linha para pacientes com AOS e alto risco cardiovascular, embora haja a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias que incentivem a adesão ao tratamento. Estudos futuros são recomendados para explorar abordagens combinadas e personalizadas, visando maximizar os benefícios terapêuticos e melhorar o manejo da AOS e seus desfechos cardiovasculares.
Study of the Digital Geological Compass in Increasing the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Measuring Geological Structure Data in the Field
Authors: Hendrawan Rezki Naufan , Irsyad Muhammad , Gunawan Aditya , Zainuddin Ahmad Dennil , Widiatama Angga Jati
Published: November 2024

This study compares the use of analog geological compasses and digital geological compasses in measuring fracture planes on crystalline rocks at the Lampung region. The measurement results demonstrate that using digital compasses yields higher time efficiency than analog compasses, with a reduction in measurement duration of over 50%. Although the dominant directions of the fracture planes were similar between the two methods, the inclination values and accuracies of each plane were not always consistent. Data processing using rose diagrams and stereonets indicates that the RockD application provides comparable results to measurements obtained using analog compasses. Therefore, the use of digital compass applications such as RockD can serve as an efficient alternative for geologists in collecting field data related to rock fractures, particularly in the context of quantitative data. However, analog geological compass is still recommended for measuring planes with on single-plane characteristics, such as rock bedding and fault mirrors. This study demonstrates the potential for development and transformation from analog geological compasses to digital geological compasses, and further research is needed to investigate the minimum number of fractures that can be measured with a digital geological compass to be considered statistically valid.
Estimation of Subsurface Structure Using Euler Deconvolution Method of Magnetic Data at the Geothermal Area of Sonai Village and its Surroundings, Konawe Regency
Authors: Sariani Sariani , Manan Abdul , Bahdad Bahdad , Chahyani Rani
Published: November 2024

It has been carried out research with the aim of determining the subsurface structure at the geothermal area of Sonai Village and its surroundings, Konawe Regency. The data used are magnetic data obtained through field measurements at 126 points in the N180oS direction. After the data were subjected to diurnal and IGRF corrections, a residual (local) magnetic field anomaly of around -150 nT to 90 nT was obtained. On the residual magnetic anomaly map which has been reduced to the Pole (RTP), the Euler Deconvolution (ED) method is applied to the Index Structure N=0 to estimate the subsurface structure in the form of the presence of minor faults, and it is known that there are 5 minor faults at a depth of around 9 to 38 meters. Information on the existence of these faults is then used in 2D modeling. Modeling results show that these minor faults cut through two rock layers, which are the layers composed of conglomerate rocks from the Alangga Formation and peridotites as bedrock from the Ultramafic Complex. One of the minor faults closest to the manifestation area (hot spring) is at coordinates around 4o1’12.412” S and 122o7’24.263” E to 4o1’15.532” S and 122o7’19.561” E with a distance of ±15 meters. The existence of these minor faults is thought to be the migration routes for heat flow or conduction to the surface at the geothermal area of Sonai Village and its surroundings.
Drought Analysis in Ketapang District using the Keetch-Byram Drought Index Method
Authors: Massuro Lusyndatul , Adriat Riza , Muliadi Muliadi , Ihwan Andi , Sutanto Yuris
Published: November 2024

Ketapang Regency is one of the areas in West Kalimantan that is prone to drought. Drought can trigger forest and land fires. In this research, the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) method was used to determine the level of drought in Ketapang Regency. The KBDI method relies on annual rainfall accumulation, daily rainfall, and maximum air temperature. The KBDI values obtained were correlated with the number of hotspots using Pearson correlation. This research was conducted throughout 2018-2022. Based on the monthly average KBDI value, the highest drought in Ketapang Regency occurred in August and September, while the lowest drought occurred in December and January. In terms of the annual average, the highest drought occurred in 2019. During the ENSO phenomenon in 2019, the El Niño phase experienced higher drought than the La Niña phase and normal years. In the El Niño phase, drought levels reach high to extreme categories. The correlation value between annual KBDI and the number of hotspots is 0.88, indicating a solid relationship. An increase in the KBDI value will be followed by an increasing number of hotspots.
Sinolucanus nom. nov., a new replacement name for Xizangia Zhang, 1988 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
Authors: Wang Cheng-Bin , He Tian-Long
Published: November 2024

Xizangia Zhang, 1988 was established for Xizangia cryptonychus Zhang, 1988 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). The generic name Xizangia, however, is a junior homonym of Xizangia Zhang, 1982 (Loftusiida: Orbitolinidae), and we propose a new replacement name, Sinolucanus nom. nov.
Sistem Kontrol Suhu pada Proses Pengeringan Kerupuk Kulit Jeruk menggunakan Metode Fuzzy logic Control
Authors: Aini Rosa Fitri Dwi Churil , Dewatama Denda , Nurcahyo Sidik
Published: November 2024

Jeruk sering digunakan dalam berbagai hidangan, bahkan kulit jeruk digunakan untuk memberikan aroma dan rasa pada makanan. Pada Desa Petungsewu, perkebunan jeruk adalah mata pencaharian utama. Selain dijual mentah, jeruk juga diolah menjadi berbagai produk, salah satunya kerupuk kulit jeruk yang diproduksi oleh Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Dewi Sartika. Proses krusial dalam pembuatan kerupuk adalah pengeringan adonan, yang saat ini masih menggunakan metode tradisional bergantung pada cuaca selama 2-3 hari. Pada penelitian ini membuat alat pengering kerupuk kulit jeruk degan metode kontrol fuzzy logic menggunakan sensor suhu dan kelembapan SHT31-D dan stopper sistem dengan loadcell. Metode kontrol tersebut digunakan untuk mengontrol motor servo yang tehubung dengan valve LPG sehingga suhu stabil pada set point. Dengan menggunakan set point suhu 80°C waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengeringkan kerupuk kulit jeruk adalah 1 jam 42 menit dengan parameter kontrol rise time (tr) sebesar 9 menit, peak time (tp) sebesar 11 menit, persentase overshoot sebesar 4,3%, settling time (ts) sebesar 22 menit dan error steady state (ess) sebesar 1,25%. Biaya operasional terdiri dari biaya listrik untuk satu kali pengeringan adalah Rp7,5 dan biaya LPG ±Rp1.818.
Sistem Monitoring dan Kontrol Level Air pada Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Menggunakan Kontrol PID
Authors: Pratita Larasati Ambararum , Nurcahyo Sidik , Safitri Hari Kurnia
Published: November 2024

Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan air dan perkembangan teknologi, diperlukan sistem yang efektif untuk mengukur dan mengontrol ketinggian serta volume air dalam tangki penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat ukur ketinggian tangki air dan volume air berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 dan kontroler PID. Sistem ini menggunakan sensor ultrasonik untuk mendeteksi ketinggian air dan sensor water flow untuk mengukur keluaran debit air dari valve. Pengujian dan kalibrasi dilakukan dengan metode Ziegler-Nichols untuk mendapatkan parameter PID yang optimal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa untuk kontrol ketinggian air menggunakan sensor ultrasonik dan pompa air, nilai parameter PID yang diperoleh adalah Kp=15,Ki =4, dan Kd = 3.2 dengan rise time 872s, delay time 462s, peak time 42s, overshoot 6.7%, dan settling time 38s. Penelitian ini berhasil menunjukkan bahwa sistem kontrol PID berbasis ESP32 efektif dalam mengontrol ketinggian dan volume air secara otomatis, yang dapat diterapkan dalam berbagai aplikasi seperti pengelolaan air pada industri dan pertanian.
Dampak Negatif Judi Online Terhadap Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam
Authors: Asman Asman
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang dampak negatif judi online terhadap keharmonisan rumah tangga perspektif hukum keluarga islam. Perkembangan judi online yang begitu cepat, dengan banyaknya penyedia layanan judi online yang bertebaran, memudahkan siapa pun untuk melakukan transaksi perjudian. Fokus dalam penelitia ini adalah bagai mana dampak negatif judi online terhadap keharmonisan  rumah tangga. Sedangkan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat kepustakaan, sedangkan pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Analisis dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari bahan sekunder yang dikumpulkan yang terkait penelitian dampak negatif judi online terhadap keharmonisan rumahtangga. Kemudian hasil dari penelitian ini adalah efek buruk dari perjudian online terhadap keharmonisan dalam rumah tangga antaranya adalah faktor sosial dan ekonomi menyebabkan suami istri merasa sulit memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga, ditambah kekalahan dalam perjudian yang menyebabkan pertengkaran, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, bahkan perceraian