bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Physics of Ultrasound
Authors: van Rensburg Gerry , Smith Andrew , O’Brien Ben
Published: January 2021

Clinical ultrasound has attained significant importance for the practising anesthesiologist. Its applications reach far and wide in anatomic and physiologic diagnosis, and it is a powerful adjunct for guiding interventional procedures. This article describes the physical principles that allow for the generation of ultrasound, its transmission and reflection from within the body, and generation of the ultrasound images used in daily practice. We not only review definitions of important technical terms but also provide synonyms in plain language, as jargon often presents a barrier to grasping basic and fundamental principles. Furthermore, we review the mathematical and physical principles that facilitate the generation of Doppler modes, such as pulsed wave, continuous wave, color flow. Clinically safe practice requires that all data be interpreted in the light of the technology’s shortcomings; we additionally review the common pitfalls and artifacts encountered in the use of this imaging modality.

This review contains 16 figures, 1 table, and 5 references.
Keywords: attenuation, continuous wave Doppler, Doppler, frequency, imaging artefacts, physics, pulsed-wave Doppler, ultrasound
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Ross Jason D. , Ross Edgar L.
Published: January 2021

Chronic pain remains the number one public health problem in the developed world. One third of Americans suffers from chronic pain, costing more than heart disease, diabetes, and cancer combined. Concurrent is the growing realization that the enormous increase in opioid prescribing has been ineffective simultaneously leading to widespread misuse and diversion. Yet implantable stimulation therapies is often considered salvage therapy because of the cost, outdated efficacy studies, and inherent bias of use in end-stage patients only. This would prove an impossible challenge for almost any therapy, yet stimulation has been shown to be effective under these circumstances. Using patient satisfaction ratings and objective measures in recent randomized trials allow comparison to conservative therapies such as medication management. The growing sophistication of implantable stimulators make these therapies viable options for more patients than ever before and should challenge the conventional wisdom that stimulation of the nervous system is only a salvage therapy. Many of the procedures discussed are off-label, yet the growing body of literature and practical experience suggest that these have significant clinical potential. In the setting of a comprehensive treatment plan, implantable stimulators are capable of changing lives for even the most refractory conditions.
This review contains 6 figures, 4 tables, and 60 references. 
Key words: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), peripheral nerve stimulation, electrodes, IPG, PNS, implantable pulse generator, complications, epidural electrodes, paddle electrodes, percutaneous electrodes, restorative stimulation
Pancreatic and Adrenal Disorders
Authors: Yaung Jill
Published: January 2021

Critically ill patients who lack preexisting endocrine diagnoses may still develop endocrine dysfunction, as exhibited by critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency and glycemic abnormalities. Glycemic control remains an important issue in critically ill patients, as hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glucose variability are all independently associated with increased mortality. Hyperglycemia is a common manifestation of critical illness that may result from an acute response to stress and injury or may reflect preexisting diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia most commonly occurs as a result of treatment of hyperglycemia but may also be due to other causes such as sepsis and decreased nutritional intake. Hypoglycemia and other glycemic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis and a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state must be quickly recognized and treated. This review provides a general overview of diabetes mellitus, glycemic targets in the critically ill, glycemic emergencies, adrenal gland disorders, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoid syndrome.

This review contains 1 figures, 4 tables, and 43 references.
Keywords: adrenal crisis, carcinoid syndrome, critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, glycemic goals, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemia, pheochromocytoma
Cardiovascular System: Part II
Authors: Levesque Vanetta
Published: January 2021

This chapter gives an overview of blood circulation, then focuses on regional blood flow to a number of organs, and ends with a description of the microcirculation. It begins with venous return and blood volume. Most blood volume is contained within the venous system, and the chapter describes several mechanisms that allow for this volume of blood to be returned to the right heart. Next it describes the various means by which the blood circulation and volume are controlled. The chapter devotes considerable time describing the central, peripheral, and hormonal regulation of circulation and blood volume. Next, regional blood flow is described. Blood flow in different regions of the body is usually autoregulated, and variably controlled by the autonomic nervous system, and various humoral agents. The final section describes the mechanism by which blood flow in the microcirculation delivers nutrients, and removes wastes from the tissue by diffusion. Also described are the regulation of the microcirculation by pre and post capillary sphincters, and the effect of viscosity.
This review contains 5 figures, and 40 references. 
Keywords: venous return, vascular compliance, venous capacitance, vasomotor center, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), microcirculation, regional blood flow, mixed venous oxygen saturation
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Nayor Jennifer , Saltzman John R.
Published: January 2021

Of patients who present with major gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, 20 to 30% will ultimately be diagnosed with bleeding originating from a lower GI source. Lower GI bleeding has traditionally been defined as bleeding originating from a source distal to the ligament of Treitz; however, with the advent of capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy allowing for visualization of the entire small bowel, the definition has been updated to GI bleeding originating from a source distal to the ileocecal valve. Lower GI bleeding can range from occult blood loss to massive bleeding with hemodynamic instability and predominantly affects older individuals, with a mean age at presentation of 63 to 77 years. Comorbid illness, which is a risk factor for mortality from GI bleeding, is also more common with increasing age. Most deaths related to GI bleeding are not due to uncontrolled hemorrhage but exacerbation of underlying comorbidities or nosocomial complications. This review covers the following areas: evaluation of lower GI bleeding (including physical examination and diagnostic tests), initial management, and differential diagnosis. Disorders addressed in the differential diagnosis include diverticulosis, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), ischemic colitis, anorectal disorders, radiation proctitis, postpolypectomy bleeding, and colorectal neoplasms. Figures show an algorithm for management of patients with suspected lower GI bleeding, tagged red blood cell scans, diverticular bleeding, colonic AVM, ischemic colitis, bleeding hemorrhoid, chronic radiation proctitis, and ileocolonic valve polyp. Tables list descriptive terms for rectal bleeding and suggested location of bleeding, imaging modalities and differential diagnosis for lower GI bleeding, endoscopic techniques for hemostasis, and an internal hemorrhoids grading system.
This review contains 9 figures, 8 tables, and 103 references.
Carbamylated HDL and Mortality Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lui David T.W. , Cheung Ching-Lung , Lee Alan C.H. , Wong Ying , Shiu Sammy W.M. , Tan Kathryn C.B.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Carbamylation is part of the aging process and causes adverse changes in the structure and function of proteins. Lipoproteins are subjected to carbamylation. We investigated the usefulness of carbamylated HDL as a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with type 2 diabetes and the association with mortality outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Baseline plasma carbamylated HDL was measured by ELISA in a cohort of 1,517 patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were cause-specific deaths, including cardiovascular, renal, infection, and cancer related.

RESULTS

Over a median follow-up of 14 years, 292 patients died, and the mortality rate was 14.5 per 1,000 person-years. Plasma carbamylated HDL level was higher in those with a fatal outcome (46.1 ± 17.8 µg/mL vs. 32.9 ± 10.7; P < 0.01). Patients in the third (hazard ratio [HR] 2.11; 95% CI 1.40–3.17; P < 0.001) and fourth quartiles (HR 6.55; 95% CI 4.67–9.77; P < 0.001) of carbamylated HDL had increased mortality risk. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, elevated carbamylated HDL was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.28–1.52; P < 0.001) as well as with all the cause-specific mortalities. Adding plasma carbamylated HDL level improved the power of the multivariable models for predicting all-cause mortality, with significant increments in C index (from 0.78 to 0.80; P < 0.001), net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement.

CONCLUSIONS

Carbamylation of HDL renders HDL dysfunctional, and carbamylated HDL is independently associated with mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Role of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Slc7a10 in Adipocyte Lipid Storage, Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Admin Ada , Jersin Regine Å. , Tallapragada Divya Sri Priyanka , Madsen André , Skartveit Linn , Fjære Even , McCann Adrian , Lawrence-Archer Laurence , Willems Aron , Bjune Jan-Inge , Bjune Mona S. , Våge Villy , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Thorsen Håvard Luong , Nedrebø Bjørn Gunnar , Busch Christian , Steen Vidar M. , Blüher Matthias , Jacobson Peter , Svensson Per-Arne , Fernø Johan , Rydén Mikael , Arner Peter , Nygård Ottar , Claussnitzer Melina , Ellingsen Ståle , Madsen Lise , Sagen Jørn V. , Mellgren Gunnar , Dankel Simon N.
Published: January 2021

Elucidation
of mechanisms that govern lipid storage, oxidative stress and insulin
resistance may lead to improved therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes and other
obesity-related diseases. Here, we find that adipose expression of the small neutral amino acid transporter
SLC7A10, also known as alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1 (ASC-1), shows
strong inverse correlates with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and
adipocyte hypertrophy across multiple cohorts. Concordantly, loss of Slc7a10
function in zebrafish in vivo accelerates diet-induced body weight gain
and adipocyte enlargement. Mechanistically, SLC7A10 inhibition in human and
murine adipocytes decreases adipocyte serine uptake and total glutathione
levels and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Conversely,
SLC7A10 overexpression decreases ROS generation and increases mitochondrial
respiratory capacity. RNA-sequencing revealed consistent changes in gene
expression between human adipocytes and zebrafish visceral adipose tissue
following loss of SLC7A10, e.g., upregulation of SCD (lipid storage) and
downregulation of CPT1A (lipid oxidation). Interestingly, ROS scavenger
reduced lipid accumulation and attenuated the lipid-storing effect of SLC7A10
inhibition. These data uncover adipocyte SLC7A10 as a novel important regulator
of adipocyte resilience to nutrient and oxidative stress, in part by enhancing
glutathione levels and mitochondrial respiration, conducive to decreased ROS generation,
lipid accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes.
Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles by laser ablation in liquid and characterization
Authors: Kun Li , Kitamoto Yoshitaka , Hara Masahiko , Wada Hiroyuki
Published: January 2021

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by laser ablation in liquid. CZTS powders were irradiated with nanosecond-pulsed laser (Nd:YAG, second harmonic generation) to prepare nanoparticles. The primary particle size of prepared nanoparticles was decreased with the increase in laser fluence, and the decrease was saturated around 11 nm. The secondary particle size of them was increased with the increase in laser fluence because aggregation would proceed. A by-product such as Cu2–xS was created by this method, and the amount was increased with laser fluence and irradiation time.
SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO: O ESTUDO DE CONCEITOS FÍSICOS PARA APRENDIZAGEM DA LEI DO MOVIMENTO
Authors: Melo dos Santos Daniel de Jesus
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho refere-se a uma sequência didática, baseada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel. A sequência foi aplicada em turmas do ensino médio, no período noturno, em uma escola pública do município de Amargosa, na Bahia, dividida em três momentos (introdução de organizadores prévios, atividade principal e discussão). O objetivo deste trabalho foi de levantar discussões, por meio de uma sequência de ensino, para favorecer uma aprendizagem significativa acerca da primeira lei de Newton com a utilização de materiais manipuláveis. A questão central investigada nessa sequência didática concentrou-se no seguinte aspecto: é possível aprender sobre a primeira lei do movimento por meio da contextualização de conceitos físicos e através de uma abordagem com a utilização de material manipulável? A metodologia seguiu os parâmetros da abordagem qualitativa segundo Bogdan e Biklen (1994). Os resultados apresentados mostraram evidências de subsunçores para a compreensão da lei do movimento.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL: ANÁLISE DAS CONCEPÇÕES DE ALUNOS DO 6° ANO DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE SORRISO - MATO GROSSO
Authors: Sousa Rodrigues Poliana de , Nascimento Eickhoff Anderson Plattini do
Published: January 2021

A percepção ambiental consiste na forma como o ser humano compreende o meio ambiente. Observando a relação do homem com o ambiente natural é uma preocupação pertinente ao quadro ambiental e social, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar aquilo que chamamos de percepção ambiental de alunos de 6° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola estadual de Sorriso, Mato Grosso. Para este estudo de caso, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado com perguntas fechadas e abertas, para um grupo de 63 estudantes. Após a análise do conteúdo das respostas, para algumas questões previamente selecionadas, foram criadas categorias e tabeladas, para outras, os dados foram analisados e demonstrados em tabelas. Foi possível observar que a percepção ambiental dos alunos e a visão de meio ambiente é coerente com o citado por diversos autores para estudantes dessa idade, no entanto, reforçam que ainda há uma necessidade de desenvolvimento de projetos voltados à educação ambiental.
A ABORDAGEM DE FRAÇÃO EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE MATEMÁTICA DO SEXTO ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL APROVADOS NO PNLD DE 2020
Authors: Carvalho Euvaldo , Vizolli Idemar , Rodrigues Pereira Onesimo
Published: January 2021

Dada a problemática existente em torno do ensino e da aprendizagem de fração, nos desafiamos a analisar o modo como livros didáticos, aprovados no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) do ano de 2020, apresentam o conteúdo de fração aos estudantes do 6° Ano do Ensino Fundamental. A consecução da pesquisa bibliográfica se deu a partir de uma consulta à literatura que tematiza o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do conceito de fração, considerando os diferentes significados e as características das quantidades. Foram analisadas as nove obras disponíveis em meio digital, embora o PNLD conte com onze coleções para consulta pelos professores. É possível inferir que as obras analisadas apresentam o conteúdo de fração sem considerar os conceitos abordados neste trabalho, aspectos primordiais ao processo de compreensão conceitual. Outrossim, priorizam quantidades contínuas e extensivas e o significado parte – todo em detrimento das demais abordagens.
Prevalence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis at presentation in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Villedieu Erika J. , Petite Audrey F. , Godolphin Janet D. , Bacon Nicholas J.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis at the time of initial presentation in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and no previous related thoracic diagnostic imaging.

ANIMALS

146 client-owned dogs with a cutaneous or subcutaneous STS.

PROCEDURES

Medical records were retrospectively searched to identify dogs with STSs that underwent initial thoracic diagnostic imaging when presented for referral examination between September 2014 and March 2018. Data collected included patient and tumor characteristics. Results were evaluated for dogs grouped on the basis of variables of interest (eg, STS grade, duration, or history).

RESULTS

Initial thoracic imaging was performed with CT (131/146 [89.7%]) or radiography (15 [10.3%]). Although the presence or absence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis on thoracic imaging was uncertain in 9 dogs, it was certain in the remaining 137 dogs, with nodules present in 16 (11.7%) dogs (5/77 [6%] with grade 1 STSs, 2/36 [6%] with grade 2 STSs, and 9/24 [38%] with grade 3 STSs). The odds of such pulmonary nodules being present on initial examination were higher (OR, 10.8 and 3.14, respectively) for dogs with grade 3 STSs (vs grade 1 or 2 STSs) and for dogs with an STS duration > 3 months (versus ≤ 3 months).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated that pulmonary staging was a low-yield diagnostic procedure for dogs with grade 1 or 2 cutaneous or subcutaneous STSs, especially when tumors had been present for ≤ 3 months.
Current attitudes of veterinarians and producers regarding the use of local and systemic analgesia in beef and dairy cattle in the United States
Authors: Johnstone Elizabeth C. S. , Coetzee Johann F. , Pinedo Pablo J. , Edwards-Callaway Lily
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To survey cattle producers and veterinarians about the use of analgesia on US cattle operations.

SAMPLE

1,187 members of the following database, electronic mailing lists, and social media groups: FarmProgress master file, American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Academy of Veterinary Consultants, National Milk Producers Federation Farm Evaluators, Dairy Moms Facebook group, and Dairy Girl Network Facebook group.

PROCEDURES

An online survey was developed to gather information about the frequency of local and systemic analgesia use for common painful procedures and diseases in cattle < 2, 2 to 12, and > 12 months old. Respondents also rated their extent of agreement with each of 10 statements related to pain management in cattle. The survey was available from June 11 to August 10, 2018. Descriptive data were generated. Logistic regression was used for comparisons among cattle age groups and respondents on the basis of their industry role.

RESULTS

In general, frequency of analgesia use increased as cattle age increased, regardless of the procedure or disease. The odds of analgesia use were lower for men, compared with women, and greater for veterinarians, compared with producers. Many respondents indicated they were cognizant of the benefits of analgesia use in cattle but perceived federal regulations and drug costs as impediments to the implementation of pain mitigation protocols on cattle operations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results provided insight into current perceptions and use of analgesia in cattle, which can be used to guide implementation of pain mitigation protocols on US beef and dairy cattle operations.
Psychology and hereditary angioedema: A systematic review
Authors: Savarese Livia , Mormile Ilaria , Bova Maria , Petraroli Angelica , Maiello Assunta , Spadaro Giuseppe , Freda Maria Francesca
Published: January 2021

Background:Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by mutations in the C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) gene Serpin Family G Member 1(SERPING1), which results in either the decreased synthesis of normal C1-INH (C1-INH‐HAE type I) or expression of unfunctional C1-INH (C1-INH‐HAE type II). In recent studies, emotional stress was reported by patients as the most common trigger factor for C1-INH‐HAE attacks. Moreover, patients reported considerable distress over the significant variability and uncertainty with which the disease manifests, in addition to the impact of physical symptoms on their overall quality of life.Objective:We did a systematic review of the literature to shed light on the advancements made in the study of how stress and psychological processes impact C1-INH‐HAE.Methods:All of the articles on C1-INH‐HAE were analyzed up to December 2019. Both medical data bases and psychological data bases were examined. The keywords (KWs) used for searching the medical and psychological data bases were the following: “hereditary angioedema,” “psychology,” “stress,” “anxiety,” and “depression.”Results:Of a total of 2549 articles on C1-INH‐HAE, 113 articles were retrieved from the literature search by using the related KWs. Twenty-one of these articles were retrieved, examined, and classified.Conclusion:Although the literature confirmed that stress may induce various physical diseases, it also warned against making simplistic statements about its incidence that did not take into account the complexity and multicausality of factors that contribute to C1-INH‐HAE expression.
Hematologic parameters as biomarkers for antihistamine and omalizumab resistance in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Magen Eli , Waitman Dan-Andrei , Kahan Natan R.
Published: January 2021

Background: Biomarkers of resistance to H1-antihistamines (AH) and omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are still a matter of debate. Objective: To identify clinical and laboratory attributes of the patient that may be predictive
of AH and omalizumab resistance in CSU. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study by using the electronic patient record data base of patients with CSU and of sex- and age-matched controls. Patients with CSU were divided into three study groups: the CSU
group, patients who responded to AHs; the antihistamine-resistant CSU (AH-CSU) group, patients refractory to a fourfold AH dose; and the control group, composed of a random sample of age- and sex-matched subjects, with a case-control ratio of 1:2. The patients in the AH-CSU group treated with
omalizumab were compared according to the response or resistance to omalizumab. Results: A total of 106 subjects in the AH-CSU group, 483 in the CSU group, and 1198 in the control group were compared. Both AH-CSU (112.7 ± 43.1 kU/mL) and CSU (129.5 ± 52.4
kU/mL) groups were associated with higher plasma total IgE levels than control group (103.2 ± 49.5 kU/mL; p < 0.001). The AH-CSU group was characterized by a higher plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (6.4 ± 3.7 mg/L) than the CSU group (4.3 ± 1.4
mg/L; p < 0.001) and the control group (3.1 ± 1.8 mg/L; p < 0.001). The AH-CSU and CSU groups were characterized by a lower mean ± standard deviation basophil counts (0.18 ± 0.16 cells ×109/L and 0.19 ± 0.11 cells ×109/L,
respectively) than the control group (0.22 ± 0.09 cells ×109/L; p < 0.001). The mean platelet volume was higher in the AH-CSU group (11.2 ± 0.3 fL) than in the CSU group (11.1 ± 0.4 fL; p = 0.002) and in the control group (10.3
± 0.4 fL; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the mean levels of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets, and the rates of eosinopenia and basopenia between the patients in the AH-CSU group who responded to and those who were resistant
to omalizumab. Conclusion: This study provided additional data of interest to examine the pathophysiologic role of low-grade inflammation and basopenia in patients with CSU and resistant to AHs and omalizumab.
Obstructive sleep apnea is a determinant of asthma control independent of smoking, reflux, and rhinitis
Authors: Özden Mat Dilber , Firat Selma , Aksu Kurtuluş , Aksu Funda , Duyar Sezgi Şahin
Published: January 2021

Background: Asthma control is defined as to what extent manifestations of asthma can be observed in a patient or have been reduced or removed by treatment. Regular use of asthma treatments, correct inhaler technique, adequate information provided about the patient's diseases
and medicines, and patient‐clinician collaboration aid asthma control. Asthma shares risk factors and links in the pathogenesis with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and OSA may aggravate asthma symptoms. Objective: To assess the risk of OSA for asthma control.
Methods: The study was carried out in subjects with asthma who were followed up at specific time points and who used asthma medication regularly and with an appropriate inhaler technique. An asthma control test and a questionnaire were used to determine the asthma control levels
and OSA risk of the subjects. Results: With regard to the questionnaire scoring, 77 of 137 subjects with asthma had a low OSA risk and 60 had a high OSA risk. The proportion of the subjects with a high OSA risk (p < 0.001) and were smokers (p = 0.020) were significantly
higher in the subjects with uncontrolled asthma than in those with controlled asthma. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables that affect asthma control status were the risk of OSA and obesity. The subjects with a low OSA risk were more likely to have controlled asthma than
those with a high OSA risk (odds ratio 7.896 [95% confidence interval, 2.902‐21.487]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In the subjects with asthma and who adhered to therapy and used inhalers with the correct technique, a high risk of OSA was associated with poor control
of their asthma. This association was independent of other factors, including rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and smoking.
Diagnostic value of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and of periostin in eosinophilic asthma: A prospective study
Authors: Yormaz Burcu , Menevse Esma , Cetin Nihal , Esin Celik Zeliha , Bakir Hasan , Tulek Baykal , Korez Muslu Kazım , Suerdem Mecit
Published: January 2021

Background: Serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and periostin are reliable biomarkers in eosinophilic asthma. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the use of periostin and TARC as biomarkers in asthma and to compare the
superiority of one over the other, especially in asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype. Methods: The study was conducted with 87 patients with asthma and 42 healthy control subjects. Patients with asthma were also divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic phenotypes.
A pulmonary function test was performed in all the participants, and serum and induced sputum TARC, periostin concentrations, eosinophils, and total immunoglobulin E values were examined. Results: TARC and periostin levels were significantly higher in the asthma group than
in the control group (p < 0.001). The serum TARC level in the eosinophilic group was significantly higher than in the non-eosinophilic and control groups (p < 0.001). The induced sputum TARC level was significantly higher in the non-eosinophilic group than in the control group (p <
0.001). The TARC and periostin levels of the patients were evaluated by using receiver operator characteristic analysis. The cutoff value for TARC was determined to be 1415.39 ng/L; likewise, the cutoff value for periostin was 107.60 ng/L. The present study detected that serum levels of TARC
correlated to serum levels of periostin (r = 0.54; p = 0.032). Furthermore, when evaluating correlations between serum and sputum levels, there was a correlation detected between TARC and periostin in serum, whereas this correlation was stronger in sputum: r = 0.66, p = 0.020; and r = 0.62,
p = 0.028, respectively. Conclusion: Serum and sputum TARC and periostin may contribute for monitoring the improvement of patients, particularly those with asthma. Furthermore, TARC was a more reliable biomarker than periostin for patients with eosinophilic asthma.
Índices zootécnicos e produtivos em rebanho leiteiro, CCA/UFPB
Authors: Gomes Tacieli Beserra Britto , Gonzaga Neto Severino , Souza Carla Giselly de , Gomes Natália Jamylle Germano , Alves Junior Renato Tonhá , Pereira Pedro Henrique Borba , Alcoforado Carlos Augusto de Almeida Targino
Published: January 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar índices zootécnicos e produtivos do rebanho leiteiro do departamento de zootecnia/CCA/UFPB. O estudo foi realizado no Setor de Bovinocultura de Leite do CCA/UFPB em Areia-PB, localizado na mesorregião do agreste da Paraíba. Foram utilizados registros das fichas de controle leiteiro e controle reprodutivo do rebanho. O rebanho é composto por vacas mestiças Europeu/Zebu ¾, com média de 29 vacas em lactação por ano, entre os anos de 2008 a 2016. A média da produção de leite de cada controle foi calculada e consequentemente a média dos meses de lactação do rebanho. Os dados foram submetidos a análise pelo teste F (p ≤ 0,05) e o teste de Tukey. Os anos de 2008 e 2009 apresentaram dados inferiores aos demais. A partir do ano 2010 os índices zootécnicos e produtivos melhoraram com a presença de um técnico. A produção total na lactação do rebanho mostrou-se significativa, com uma boa média de produção anual, a duração da lactação na maioria dos anos apresentou- se dentro do que é preconizada para a raça, a persistência média do rebanho na maioria dos anos encontra-se abaixo do que é preconizado. Estatisticamente não foram observadas diferenças significativas com relação ao intervalo de partos e a média de produção de leite por intervalo de parto. Foi possível constatar que os índices precisam ser melhorados.
Produção de cultivares de abobrinha italiana a pleno sol e sombreada no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Guerra Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura , Silva Maria Gabriela Magalhães , Evangelista Régila Santos , Santos Edeilton Borges dos , Nogueira Weber Pereira
Published: January 2021

A abobrinha italiana está entre as dez hortaliças de maior valor econômico e produção nacional. Entretanto, estudos de cultivares e seu cultivo sob sombreamento, são escassos. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento produtivo de cultivares de abobrinha a pleno sol e sombreada. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos, com quatro repetições e os tratamentos obedeceram ao esquema fatorial 5 x 2 sendo cinco cultivares de abobrinha (“Anita F1, Brenda F1, Irit F1, Corona F1 e Caserta”) e dois sistemas de cultivos (a pleno sol e sombreamento com tela preta), respectivamente. O ambiente de cultivo influenciou a produção de abobrinhas italianas. Frutos com maior diâmetro foram produzidos pela cultivar Brenda F1. As cultivares Anita F1 e Corona F1 produziram frutos com maior comprimento e, Brenda F1 e Corona F1 frutos com maior massa. O cultivo a pleno sol proporcionou maior número de frutos por planta, com exceção da cultivar Irit F1 que apresentou maior número de frutos no cultivo sombreado. O cultivo a pleno sol apresentou maior produtividade e produção comercial quando comparado com o cultivo sombreado. A cultivar Brenda F1 cultivada a pleno sol apresentou maior produtividade e produção comercial. As cultivares Corona F1 e Irit F1 apresentaram maiores produtividade e produção comercial quando cultivada com sombreamento. O cultivo de abobrinha italiana sombreada nas condições da região Nordeste é viável, pois minimiza os efeitos negativos do ambiente de cultivo, evitando-se, principalmente frutos queimados pelo sol, assegurando sua qualidade visual, nutricional e sensorial.
Qualidade nutricional de frutos da pupunheira vermelha integral desidratados a diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Silva Reginaldo Ferreira da , Furtado Marilia Temporim , Rodrigues Doralice Pereira
Published: January 2021

Após a desidratação do alimento, se faz necessário uma avaliação nutricional, já que, altas temperaturas e tempos longos de secagem induzem a perdas de nutrientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar em qual temperatura de secagem a polpa da pupunha vermelha integral, sofre menores perdas no seu conteúdo nutricional. As temperaturas de secagem utilizada foram, 45, 55 e 65°C. A temperatura mais eficiente na retirada de água livre da polpa de pupunha foi a 65oC. Apesar dos lipídeos apresentarem-se mais concentrados a temperatura de 45oC, foi a 65oC que houve maior concentração de proteínas e fibras. A polpa desidratada a 55 e 65oC, podem ser consideradas como fonte de fibra alimentar segundo a legislação. O menor teor de cinzas, foi obtido no tratamento a temperatura de 45oC. Os carboidratos e os carotenóides foram significativamente influenciados pelas maiores temperaturas de secagem. Portanto, dependendo da finalidade nutricional ou tecnológica para desidratar o fruto de pupunha, as três temperaturas analisadas nessa pesquisa, devem ser utilizadas para atingir o objetivo proposto.
Controle de gemas laterais sobre a evolução da dormência de gemas apicais em macieira
Authors: Anzanello Rafael , Fialho Flávio Bello , Santos Henrique Pessoa dos , Marodin Gilmar Arduino Bettio
Published: January 2021

A influência da dominância apical é amplamente estudada em frutíferas, porém trabalhos que evidenciem o efeito contrário são pouco conhecidos. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das gemas laterais (GL) sobre a brotação da gema apical (GA) em ramos de macieira. Amostraram-se brindilas, de 20-25 cm da cv. Castel Gala, em maio/2010 e junho/2011, em Papanduva-SC. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Uva e Vinho – Bento Gonçalves/RS. Os tratamentos foram: i) 2010 -  I: estaca intacta;  A: remoção alternada de 50% das GL ao longo do ramo; SI: remoção das GL inferiores do ramo (50%); SS: remoção das GL superiores do ramo (50%); SL: remoção de todas as GL do ramo e SA: remoção da GA do ramo; ii) 2011 - I: estaca intacta; SS: remoção das GL superiores do ramo (50%); FSLS: estaca intacta com ferimento abaixo das GL superiores. As estacas foram submetidas à 3ºC por 168, 336 e 504 horas de frio (HF), em 2010, e 456 HF, em 2011, sendo posteriormente transferidas para 25°C, para avaliação da brotação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições por tratamento e 40 estacas por parcela. Avaliaram-se os dados quanto aos parâmetros brotação máxima, precocidade e uniformidade. O aumento de HF elevou a quantidade de GA brotadas, devido à superação da dormência. As GL foram fortemente afetadas pela dominância apical, independentemente do período de frio. Os tratamentos com presença de GL superiores proporcionaram menor percentual de brotação máxima e menor precocidade e uniformidade de brotação das GA se comparados aos demais tratamentos. As GA sofrem influência das GL, especialmente das situadas próximas à extremidade superior dos ramos.
Transformation of the idea of power totality in poststructuralism discourse (based on the cycle “Apotheosis of Policeman” by D.A. Prigov)
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Glushenkova O.A. , Zagidulina T.A. ,   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev
Published: January 2021

Statement of the problem. The paper analyzes transformation of an image of power totality in the conditions of the openness of the information society system, according to the Moscow conceptualism of D. Prigov. The purpose of the article is to provide an assessment of the representation of a positive image of power in the Soviet mass media, through legislative acts (the law on the Soviet police) and its further deconstruction in the works of Moscow conceptualists. Research results. The article demonstrates the importance of a policeman as a power representative within paradigm of social semiosis of J. Baudrillard’s simulacra – through the formation of a simulacrum in its stages; of J. Deleuze’s simulacrum – as an image devoid of similarity, considering the simulacrum through the paradigm of Plato’s vision of being; of J. Bataille’s simulacrum – as a meaning that deforms being itself – in the original ontological sense of the concept of simulacrum; and of S. Zizek’s social theory of post-Marxism – as an illusory “objective necessity”, continuing the Marxist concept of alienation in the broadest sense. The author considers the representation of power in the image of a policeman from the third order of simulacra: in the need to conceal the absence of the original actual meaning, to the fourth order – in the totality of simulation. Conclusion. The problem of the totality of power and its representation in the literature is raised symbolizing the crisis of the existing ontology of identity and the transition to the ontology of differences where the signified is no longer identical to the signifier, where the policeman stands and “does not hide”.
POLEMIKE O STATUSU DRŽAVE I KRALJEVINE SHS
Authors: Ivašković Igor
Published: January 2021

The article aims mainly at analyzing the issue of legal (dis)continuity between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (hereinafter the Kingdom of SCS) within the context of an international dispute between Germany and the Kingdom of SCS, and to revealing the reasons for different court decisions interpretations in a particular case. By using the techniques of historical-legal and analytical methods in researching into documents and secondary opinions given by politicians and constitutional lawyers, the paper first gives a brief overview of international circumstances that enabled the post-war states formation. It also summarizes different opinions regarding the legal status of the State of SCS and the character of the First-December Act taking into account historical and modern international and constitutional criteria. The conclusion is made in the context of discussion regarding the central issue that Ivan Žolger’s interpretation that despite the verdict in the particular case, the Kingdom of SCS was a new state, since it was not created in accordance with the 1903 Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia. In addition to the argument that the State of SCS met the basic criteria of statehood, and that the formation of the Kingdom of SCS interrupted the constitutional continuity of the Kingdom of Serbia, the contribution of the paper lies in the argument that different legal opinions were not so much the result of legal ambiguities, but primarily a reflection of one, out of many, political battles fought between the conflicting state ideologies.
N-acetyl cysteine: A tool to perturb SARS-CoV-2 spike protein conformation
Authors: Debnath Utsab , Mitra Amrita , Dewaker Varun , Prabhakar Yenamandra S. , Tadala Raghu , Krishnan Kiran , Wagh Padmakar , Velusamy Umashankar , Subramani Chandru , Agarwal Shubhra , Vrati Sudhanshu , Baliyan Aastha , Kurpad Anura V , Bhattacharyya Parthasarathi , Mandal Amit
Published: January 2021

The infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in a pandemic with huge death toll and economic consequences. The virus attaches itself to the human epithelial cells through noncovalent bonding of its spike protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor on the host cell. We hypothesized that perturbing the functionally active conformation of spike protein through reduction of its solvent accessible disulfide bond, thereby disintegrating its structural architecture, may be a feasible strategy to prevent infection. Proteomics data showed that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant and mucolytic agent been widely in use in clinical medicine, forms covalent conjugates with solvent accessible cysteine residues of spike protein that were disulfide bonded in the native state. In silico analysis indicated that this covalent conjugation perturbed the stereo specific orientations of the interacting key residues of spike protein that resulted in threefold weakening in the binding affinity of spike protein with ACE2 receptor. Antiviral assay using VeroE6 cells showed that NAC caused 54.3% inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 replication. Interestingly, almost all SARS-Cov-2 variants conserved cystine residues in the spike protein. Our observed results open avenues for exploring in vivo pharmaco-preventive and therapeutic potential of NAC for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Adequacy of Hand and Foot Massage on Post Cesarean Pain among Postnatal Mothers
Authors: Beautily V  , Sharmila R
Published: January 2021

Pregnancy is a curious rousing and as frequently as possible upbeat hour in a woman's life, as spots of interest the woman's bewildering innovative and headway capacity while allowing a relationship with what's to come. There is a wide range of techniques for labour. Vaginal delivery is one of the most widely recognized and most secure sorts of labour. At the point when vital in specific conditions, forceps and vacuum delivery might be utilized. Now cesarean delivery is fundamental for the most secure of mother and child. The cesarean segment is the most every now and again performed a medical procedure on the planet. The point of the Study is to the adequacy of Hand and Foot Massage on Post cesarean pain among postnatal moms. Exploration approach utilized for the investigation was the quantitative methodology. The examination configuration was semi trial plan (pretest and post test control group). A complete of 60 members were choosing with non - likelihood purposive inspecting procedure was utilized and factual strategy applied for the investigation. The investigation was directed in a government hospital at Thiruvallur. The mean pre-test score in the exploratory gathering was 6.4 and meant the post-test score was 3.5. The 't' esteem is 33.72, which was huge at p≤0.05 level. Subsequently, it demonstrated that Hand and Foot Massage was viable in diminishing pain among post-cesarean moms in the experimental group.
Efficacy of Oxytocin Massage on Involution of Uterus Among Postnatal Mothers
Authors: Jagadeeswari J  , Prathap Mohan M
Published: January 2021

After a lady has cautiously accommodated the physiologic adversities of pregnancy and three phases of work, the consideration of essentially everybody regularly goes to the baby. Absence of sufficient uterine withdrawals during the puerperium can repress the cycle of uterine involution leading to many complications. The study aim is to assess the efficacy of oxytocin massage on involution of the uterus in the experimental and control group among postnatal mothers. A quasi-experimental research design was conducted among 60 postnatal mothers who were selected by Convenience sampling technique. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect the demographical data and by measuring the length between the fundus of the uterus and Symphysis Pubis with a measuring tape. Oxytocin massage was given for 15 minutes from 1st- 5th postnatal day. Among 60 samples in the experimental group  the level of involution among postnatal mothers in the experimental group, 6 had good involution, 14 had average involution and 10 had poor involution. In the present study, there was a statistically significant association in Postnatal vaginal bleeding and breastfeeding frequency which had shown statistically significant association with post-test level of involution of the uterus among postnatal mothers in the experimental group at p<0.05 level and the other variables had not shown statistical significance. This reveals that oxytocin massage is highly significant in the experimental group because oxytocin hormone which is secreted by the neurons of the hypothalamus during massage stimulates the contraction of uterine smooth muscle by increasing the sodium permeability of uterine myofibrils.
Effectiveness of Mint and Fenugreek Paste for Reduction of Dysmenorrhea among the Adolescent Girls in Selected Areas
Authors: Dayana B A A  , Sabeetha S
Published: January 2021

Menstruation is an ordinary physiological marvel for ladies showing her capacity for reproduction. Monthly cycle is an intricate cycle, including the conceptive and endocrine framework. It has to be a regular cycle. Anyway, this ordinary wonder isn't a simple one; it is regularly connected with some level of sufferings and shame. The pain during the menstrual cycle is known as Dysmenorrhea. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of dietary mint and fenugreek paste for the reduction of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. A quantitative experimental research was conducted among 60 adolescent girls. A convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic data, and pain scale was assessed. After the Pretest, an intervention was given to the study participants, i.e. administration of 6 grams of mint fenugreek paste prepared from 2 grams of mint powder, 2 grams of fenugreek powder mix with 2 grams of honey. It was given orally twice a day (i.e. 2 days before and 3 days during the cycle). On 5th day after intervention, post-test was conducted by a numeric pain rating scale. The study results shows mint and fenugreek paste had a significant reduction in the dysmenorrhea, p<0.001. Thereby, this indicates that the mint and fenugreek paste is effective in reducing the pain during menstruation.
Accessing the Pattern Prescribed for Pregnant Women for Both in and outpatient in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department
Authors: Syam Mohan Rao M  , Ramanarao  , Om Prakash Yadav  , Narayana Reddy
Published: January 2021

A Prospective cross-sectional examination was completed so as to survey the solution design in pregnant ladies. Going to Antenatal in and Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital. A cross-sectional investigation was led by looking into the antenatal consideration In & outpatient office case papers of 230 irregular pregnant ladies. The remedy design was surveyed and the medications were arranged dependent on the US FDA Risk Classification. Out of 230 solutions, just 177 remedies had medicates other than iron, folic corrosive and calcium lactate. In this examination the majority of the medications endorsed falls under class B (26.6%), a reasonable number of medications falls under classification A (16.60%) and C (16.60%) and a couple of medications fall under classification D (6.66%). No medications having a place with class X were recommended. The current examination uncovers that the medication use during pregnancy in and around Bapatla area was insignificant and the majority of the medications were recommended by their conventional names. Recommending by nonexclusive name is known to decrease the expense of medication treatment, defended drug treatment and maintains a strategic distance from disarray.
Evaluation of Risk of Periodontitis In Children- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vaishali S  , Ganesh Jeevanandan  , Revathi Duraisamy
Published: January 2021

Periodontitis is one of the most common recurring diseases in the oral cavity and is marked by the destruction of connective tissue and alveolar bone support which provokes an inflammatory host response following infection by periodontal microorganisms. Periodontal diseases have greater importance in public health globally due to increased prevalence rates and distinguishable social impact on oral health.  The aim of this present study is to assess the risk of periodontitis in children. This is a university setting study. One hundred children were randomly selected who reported to Saveetha Dental College. The factors which were assessed are periodontal status, medical condition and oral hygiene status of the children and compared. Out of 100 children, 54% were males and 46% were females. Periodontal disease was present in 17% of the study population. There was a positive correlation between periodontal disease and oral hygiene index. Oral hygiene was compromised in children with periodontitis when compared with other children (p=0.001). No significant association was found between periodontal status and medical condition (p>0.05). Within the limits of the present study, it is observed that periodontal disease has a strong association with the oral hygiene of the children.