bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor of FTO, Rhein, Restrains the Differentiation of Myoblasts and Delays Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Li Rongyang , Cao Yan , Wu Wangjun , Liu Honglin , Xu Shiyong
Published: August 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a crucial RNA modification affecting skeletal muscle development. Rhein, an anti-inflammatory extract, inhibits FTO, a key demethylase in m6A metabolism. Our study showed that during muscle fiber formation, FTO and ALKBH5 expression increased while m6A levels decreased. After muscle injury, FTO and ALKBH5 expression initially rose but later fell, while m6A levels initially dropped and then recovered. Inhibition of FTO by Rhein reduced MyHC and MyoG expression, indicating myoblast differentiation suppression. In a mouse model, Rhein decreased MyHC expression and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, delaying muscle regeneration. Rhein’s ability to increase RNA m6A modification delays skeletal muscle remodeling post-injury, suggesting a new medicinal application for this plant extract.
Identification, Expression, Characteristic Analysis, and Immune Function of Two Akirin Genes in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Yang Guokun , Gu Jianing , Wang Hao , Yang Boya , Feng Shikun , Zhang Yanmin , Zhang Xindang , Chang Xulu , Shao Jianchun , Meng Xiaolin
Published: August 2024

Intensive aquaculture of grass carp often leads to decreased immunity and increased disease prevalence, resulting in economic losses. Improving grass carp immunity is therefore a critical strategy for addressing these challenges. Akirin reportedly participates in myogenesis, growth, and immune responses. However, its role in grass carp remains unclear. Herein, we isolated akirins from the spleen of grass carp and analyzed their tissue-specific expression. Akirin expression was detected following treatment with poly (I:C), LPS, and Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The immunological function of the akirin protein was evaluated in head kidney leukocytes (HKLs). The results revealed that the coding sequence (CDS) of akirin1 is 570 bp, encoding 189 amino acids. There was one predicted nuclear localization signal (NLS) and two predicted α- helix domains. The CDS of akirin2 is 558 bp, encoding 185 amino acids. There were two predicted NLSs and two predicted α-helix domains. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that akirins are widely detected in grass carp tissues. akirin1 was highly detected in the brain, kidneys, heart, spleen, and gonads, while akirin2 was highly detected in the brain, liver, gonads, kidneys, spleen, and heart. The mRNA levels of akirins were promoted after treatment with poly (I:C), LPS, and A. hydrophila. Recombinant akirin proteins were produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli). il-1β, ifnγ, il-6, tnfα, il-4, iκbα, and nfκb were markedly increased in grass carp HKLs by treatment with the akirin protein. These results suggest that akirins play a role in the immunological regulation of grass carp.
Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Molecular Features of Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhu Catherine Keying , Mija Lorena Alexandra , Conte Santina , Ghezelbash Sarah , Nallanathan Bonika , Fortier-Riberdy Geneviève , Redpath Margaret , Lefrançois Philippe
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (aSCC) is a rare clinicopathological subtype of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 4.9% of all SCC cases. However, there are currently no standardized criteria for the diagnosis of aSCC. This systematic review is the first to summarize the clinical and molecular features of aSCC. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed was performed. All articles in English or French were included, with no restriction of publication date. All articles with original data pertaining to clinical or molecular characteristics of aSCC were included. Two reviewers screened articles and resolved conflicts. Results: Our systematic review included 52 studies on the clinical and molecular features of aSCC, including a total of 482 patients (76% male, mean age at diagnosis 68.9 years): 430 cases assessed clinical features, while 149 cases assessed molecular features. The most common location of aSCC was the head and neck (n = 329/430; 76.5%). In terms of morphology, most lesions were described as nodules (n = 93/430, 21.6%), with common surface changes being hyperkeratosis (n = 6), erosion (n = 6), ulceration (n = 5), and crusting (n = 3). With regard to dermoscopy, only six cases were noted in the literature, including findings such as ulceration (n = 3), keratin clots (n = 2), and erosions (n = 2). Thirty-four studies discussed the molecular markers of aSCC, with the most prevalent markers being cytokeratins. CD15 negativity was noted in 23 cases, while common endothelial vascular markers such as CD34 (n = 16), CD31 (n = 15), factor VIII-related antigen (n = 10), and ERG (n = 1) were often not expressed. Finally, expression of intracellular adhesion molecules (i.e., E-cadherin, CD138) was markedly decreased compared to non-acantholytic invasive SCC. Conclusions: This systematic review summarizes the clinical characteristics and molecular features of aSCC. As clinical differentiation can be difficult, clinicopathological correlation with molecular markers may help ensure proper diagnosis.
Association of Functional Polymorphisms in MSH3 and IL-6 Pathway Genes with Different Types of Microsatellite Instability in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Salar Anamarija , Vuković Đerfi Kristina , Pačić Arijana , Škrtić Anita , Cacev Tamara , Kapitanović Sanja
Published: August 2024

Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been recognized as an important factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). It arises due to deficient mismatch repair (MMR), mostly attributed to MLH1 and MSH2 loss of function leading to a global MMR defect affecting mononucleotide and longer microsatellite loci. Recently, microsatellite instability at tetranucleotide loci, independent of the global MMR defect context, has been suggested to represent a distinct entity with possibly different consequences for tumorigenesis. It arises as a result of an isolated MSH3 loss of function due to its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under the influence of interleukin-6 (IL-6). In this study the influence of MSH3 and IL-6 signaling pathway polymorphisms (MSH3 exon 1, MSH3+3133A/G, IL-6-174G/C, IL-6R+48892A/C, and gp130+148G/C) on the occurrence of different types of microsatellite instability in sporadic CRC was examined by PCR–RFLP and real-time PCR SNP analyses. A significant difference in distribution of gp130+148G/C genotypes (p = 0.037) and alleles (p = 0.031) was observed in CRC patients with the C allele being less common in tumors with di- and tetranucleotide instability (isolated MSH3 loss of function) compared to tumors without microsatellite instability. A functional polymorphism in gp130 might modulate the IL-6 signaling pathway, directing it toward the occurrence of microsatellite instability corresponding to the IL-6-mediated MSH3 loss of function.
Integrating Structured Digital Tools with the Traditional Hands-on Puzzle Method for Teaching Tooth Morphology: A Comparative Study of Educational Outcomes
Authors: Markholm Caroline Elisabet , Overskott Helene Lindén , Sehic Amer , Utheim Tor Paaske , Khan Qalbi
Published: August 2024

The study of tooth morphology is a critical component of the dental curriculum, highlighting the importance for dental students to acquire comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the complex structure of teeth. This study compared the educational outcomes of two student cohorts in a tooth morphology course, using traditional methods for the control group and additional digital video-based resources for the experimental group. We hypothesized that early integration of digital resources would significantly reduce the learning time. We retrospectively analyzed two groups of Master of Dentistry students. The control group (42 students) was taught using the traditional ‘tooth puzzle’ method, while the experimental group (42 students) supplemented traditional teaching with digital video-based tools developed by our department. Both groups’ curricula culminated in a practical post-course test requiring the identification of 40 teeth, along with a mid-course test to track the students’ learning progression. The number and type of incorrectly identified teeth were recorded. The mid-course test showed significant performance differences. The control group had a median (Q1, Q3) value of faults of 12.0 (7.8, 20.5), whereas the respective value for the experimental group was 4.0 (0.0, 8.0) (p < 0.001). In the control group, none achieved faultless results, with only two students (4.8%) having at most two faults, and six students (14.3%) having no more than four faults. The control group averaged 13.5 faults per student, with 19 students (45.2%) failing the test. Conversely, the experimental group showed improved performance: 12 students (28.6%) had no faults, and 25 students (59.5%) had four or fewer faults. The experimental group averaged 5.2 faults per student, with only four students (9.5%) failing. By the end of the course, both groups achieved commendable results on the practical tooth identification test. The experimental group slightly outperformed the control group, though the difference was not significant. The median (Q1, Q3) values were 0.0 (0.0, 2.5) and 1.0 (0.0, 4.5) for the experimental and control groups, respectively (p = 0.372). The students using both traditional and structured digital video-based tools showed greater learning advancement than those using only the traditional ‘tooth puzzle’ method.
A Highly Integrated Millimeter-Wave Circularly Polarized Wide-Angle Scanning Antenna Unit
Authors: Yuan Guishan , Guo Sai , Wang Kan , Xu Jiawen
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a novel, small-sized, highly integrated, circularly polarized wide-angle scanning antenna using substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology at millimeter-wave frequencies. The antenna unit addresses requirements for high data transmission rates, wide spatial coverage, and strong interference resistance in communication systems. By integrating radiating square waveguides, circular polarizers, filters, and matching loads, the antenna enhances out-of-band suppression, eliminates cross-polarization, and reduces manufacturing complexity and costs. Utilizing this antenna unit as a component, a 4 × 4 phased array antenna with a two-dimensional ±60° scanning capability is designed and simulated. The simulation and measurement results confirm that the phased array antenna achieves the desired scan range with a gain reduction of less than 3.9 dB.
Wireless and Fiber-Based Post-Quantum-Cryptography-Secured IPsec Tunnel
Authors: Lawo Daniel Christian , Abu Bakar Rana , Cano Aguilera Abraham , Cugini Filippo , Imaña José Luis , Tafur Monroy Idelfonso , Vegas Olmos Juan Jose
Published: August 2024

In the near future, commercially accessible quantum computers are anticipated to revolutionize the world as we know it. These advanced machines are predicted to render traditional cryptographic security measures, deeply ingrained in contemporary communication, obsolete. While symmetric cryptography methods like AES can withstand quantum assaults if key sizes are doubled compared to current standards, asymmetric cryptographic techniques, such as RSA, are vulnerable to compromise. Consequently, there is a pressing need to transition towards post-quantum cryptography (PQC) principles in order to safeguard our privacy effectively. A challenge is to include PQC into existing protocols and thus into the existing communication structure. In this work, we report on the first experimental IPsec tunnel secured by the PQC algorithms Falcon, Dilithium, and Kyber. We deploy our IPsec tunnel in two scenarios. The first scenario represents a high-performance data center environment where many machines are interconnected via high-speed networks. We achieve an IPsec tunnel with an AES-256 GCM encrypted east–west throughput of 100 Gbit/s line rate. The second scenario shows an IPsec tunnel between a wireless NVIDIA Jetson and the cloud that achieves a 0.486 Gbit/s AES-256 GCM encrypted north–south throughput. This case represents a mobile device that communicates securely with applications running in the cloud.
Geometry and Hybridization Effect on the Crashworthiness Performances of Carbon and Flax/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Giammaria Valentina , Del Bianco Giulia , Capretti Monica , Boria Simonetta , Vigna Lorenzo , Calzolari Andrea , Castorani Vincenzo
Published: August 2024

Recent pressure on scientists and industries to use renewable resources, as well as the need to produce environmentally friendly materials, has led researchers and manufacturers to use natural fibres as possible reinforcements for their composites. Although they seem to be “ideal” due to their low cost, light weight and interesting energy absorption properties, they cannot be compared to synthetic fibres. To solve this problem, hybridization techniques can be considered, since the combination of synthetic and natural fibres allows for good performances. The aim of this study was to characterize the delamination and in-plane crashworthiness behaviour of carbon, flax and hybrid composites from experimental and numerical points of view. Double Cantilever Beam and Four-Point End Notched Flexure tests were carried out to determine the interlaminar fracture modes. In-plane crashworthiness tests were then performed to investigate the delamination phenomenon and the energy absorption capacity considering two different geometries: flat and corrugated. Numerical models were created and validated on both geometries, comparing the obtained load–displacement curves with the experimental ones. Crush force efficiency and specific energy absorption were quantified to provide a proper comparison of the investigated materials. The good results achieved represent a promising starting point for the design of future and more complex structures.
Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Lead Adsorption Properties of Vermiculite with Different Particle Sizes
Authors: Chen Yunzhu , Sun Hongjuan , Peng Tongjiang , Ding Wenjin , Yin Hongmei
Published: August 2024

The expansion of vermiculite using microwave irradiation is an environmentally friendly and efficient method that can enhance the material’s adsorption performance. This study investigated the microwave irradiation of vermiculite with five different particle sizes (4/2/1/0.5/0.2 mm) and found that the adsorption capacity for Pb2+ increased with larger particle sizes. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 15.98 mg/g at 4 mm, representing a 45.01% improvement compared to 0.2 mm. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model effectively described the adsorption kinetics. No significant differences were observed in the specific surface area and pore size distribution of all samples. Thermogravimetric quantitative analysis revealed that larger particle sizes retained interlayer water more effectively. As the particle size decreased, the interlayer water content generally showed a decreasing trend. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis also indicated that the -OH groups in larger particle sizes exhibited higher stability. The results suggest that the high content and stability of -OH groups may be key factors in the enhanced adsorption performance for Pb2+. This provides new insights for the preparation of environmentally friendly adsorbent materials rich in hydroxyl groups.
Nutrition and Physical Activity Education in Medical School: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sousa Joana Rodrigues , Afreixo Vera , Carvalho Joana , Silva Paula
Published: August 2024

This review explores the diverse landscape of integrating nutrition and physical activity education into medical school curricula, focusing on the imperative role of physicians in promoting health through lifestyle changes. By examining global medical education structures, we uncovered disparities in nutrition and physical activity training, and highlighted the need for a shared framework to address international and regional challenges. Despite acknowledging the importance of both nutrition and physical activity, studies have consistently uncovered deficiencies in medical school curricula, especially in skills related to providing lifestyle advice and behavioral counseling. Survey studies among medical students have illuminated various perceptions and knowledge gaps, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive and mandatory nutrition and physical activity training. While acknowledging progress, challenges, such as time constraints, resource availability, and faculty expertise, persist. Integrating lifestyle education results in resistance, a demand for strategic communication, and faculty buy-ins. These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach that balances theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and confidence that medical students need to promote effective nutrition and physical activity in healthcare.
Exploring the Correlation between the PASI and DLQI Scores in Psoriasis Treatment with Topical Ointments Containing Rosa × damascena Mill. Extract
Authors: Gavra Diana Ioana , Kósa Dóra , Pető Ágota , Józsa Liza , Ujhelyi Zoltán , Fehér Pálma , Pallag Annamária , Ghitea Timea Claudia , Frățilă Simona , Jurca Tünde , Bácskay Ildikó
Published: August 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, circumscribed, scaly, and erythematous plaques that can cover large skin areas. While conventional treatments such as topical corticosteroids and systemic medications are commonly prescribed, the interest in natural remedies for psoriasis has grown due to concerns about potential side effects and the desire for alternative treatment options. Rosa × damascena Mill. is rich in bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties; these properties make Rosa × damascena Mill. a promising candidate for the management of skin disorders such as psoriasis. In our previous studies, we successfully formulated and tested different topical preparations containing Rosa × damascena Mill. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores in psoriasis treatment using the abovementioned creams containing Rosa × damascena Mill. extract. Several tests were performed to study the correlation between the PASI and DLQI scores in psoriasis patients. Consequently, we were able to observe an improvement in terms of the area, induration, desquamation, and erythema; such an improvement implicitly produces an improvement in patients’ quality of life. The PASI and DLQI scores showed significant progress between visits. These results confirm Rosa × damascena Mill. to be a promising candidate for the topical treatment of psoriatic lesions.
Advanced Unmixing Methodologies for Satellite Thermal Imagery: Matrix Changing and Classification Insights from ASTER and Landsat 8–9
Authors: Andrés-Anaya Paula , Hernández-Herráez Gustavo , Del Pozo Susana , Lagüela Susana
Published: August 2024

The Multisensor Multiresolution Technique (MMT) is applied to unmixed thermal images from ASTER (90 m), using 30 m resolution images from Landsat 8-9 reflective channels. The technique allows for the retrieval of thermal radiance values of the features identified in the high-resolution reflective images and the generation of a high-resolution radiance image. Different alternatives of application of MMT are evaluated in order to determine the optimal methodology design: performance of the Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) and K-means classification algorithms, with different initiation numbers of clusters, and computation of contributions of each cluster using moving windows with different sizes and with and without weight coefficients. Results show the K-means classification algorithm with five clusters, without matrix weighting, and utilizing a 5 × 5 pixel window for synthetic high-resolution image reconstruction. This approach obtained a maximum R2 of 0.846 and an average R2 of 0.815 across all cases, calculated through the validation of the synthetic high-resolution TIR image generated against a real Landsat 8-9 TIR image from the same area, same date, and co-registered. These values imply a 0.89% improvement regarding the second-best methodology design (K-means with five starting clusters with 7 × 7 moving window) and a 410.25% improvement regarding the worst alternative (K-means with nine initial clusters, weighting, and 3 × 3 moving window).
Anisotropic Filtering Based on the WY Distribution and Multiscale Energy Concentration Accumulation Method for Dim and Small Target Enhancement
Authors: Wang Yang , Pan Nian , Jiang Ping
Published: August 2024

In ground-based infrared optical remote sensing systems, the target signal is very weak due to the dynamic strong light background and the movement of dim and small targets. To improve the limit detection capability, background suppression and target enhancement methods are required to be more suitable for this scenario. To solve this problem, we first analyze the image features in the current scene and propose a more complete point target and noise model. Then, we propose a new WY distribution function based on the Fermi–Dirac distribution function and propose an anisotropic filtering method based on this function, which further suppresses the background through the difference results of two steps. Building on the distribution function, we further designed an energy concentration accumulation strategy in nine scaled directions, through which the SNR of the target is effectively improved, and the suppression ability of the background is enhanced. In this dynamic scenario, the method can still detect targets with an average minimum SNR of 0.76. Through quantitative and qualitative experimental analysis, the proposed method has better robustness against extremely weak targets and dynamic backgrounds compared to the same type of algorithms.
Multiscale 3-D Stochastic Inversion of Frequency-Domain Airborne Electromagnetic Data
Authors: Su Yang , Ren Xiuyan , Yin Changchun , Wang Libao , Liu Yunhe , Zhang Bo , Wang Luyuan
Published: August 2024

In mineral, environmental, and engineering explorations, we frequently encounter geological bodies with varied sizes, depths, and conductivity contrasts with surround rocks and try to interpret them with single survey data. The conventional three-dimensional (3-D) inversions significantly rely on the size of the grids, which should be smaller than the smallest geological target to achieve a good recovery to anomalous electric conductivity. However, this will create a large amount of unknowns to be solved and cost significant time and memory. In this paper, we present a multi-scale (MS) stochastic inversion scheme based on shearlet transform for airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data. The shearlet possesses the features of multi-direction and multi-scale, allowing it to effectively characterize the underground conductivity distribution in the transformed domain. To address the practical implementation of the method, we use a compressed sensing method in the forward modeling and sensitivity calculation, and employ a preconditioner that accounts for both the sampling rate and gradient noise to achieve a fast stochastic 3-D inversion. By gradually updating the coefficients from the coarse to fine scales, we obtain the multi-scale information on the underground electric conductivity. The synthetic data inversion shows that the proposed MS method can better recover multiple geological bodies with different sizes and depths with less time consumption. Finally, we conduct 3-D inversions of a field dataset acquired from Byneset, Norway. The results show very good agreement with the geological information.
Derivation and Evaluation of LAI from the ICESat-2 Data over the NEON Sites: The Impact of Segment Size and Beam Type
Authors: Wang Yao , Fang Hongliang
Published: August 2024

The leaf area index (LAI) is a critical variable for forest ecosystem processes. Passive optical and active LiDAR remote sensing have been used to retrieve LAI. LiDAR data have good penetration to provide vertical structure distribution and deliver the ability to estimate forest LAI, such as the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). Segment size and beam type are important for ICESat-2 LAI estimation, as they affect the amount of signal photons returned. However, the current ICESat-2 LAI estimation only covered a limited number of sites, and the performance of LAI estimation with different segment sizes has not been clearly compared. Moreover, ICESat-2 LAIs derived from strong and weak beams lack a comparative analysis. This study derived and evaluated LAI from ICESat-2 data over the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites in North America. The LAI estimated from ICESat-2 for different segment sizes (20, 100, and 200 m) and beam types (strong beam and weak beam) were compared with those from the airborne laser scanning (ALS) and the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS). The results show that the LAI derived from strong beams performs better than that of weak beams because more photon signals are received. The LAI estimated from the strong beam at the 200 m segment size shows the highest consistency with those from the ALS data (R = 0.67). Weak beams also present the potential to estimate LAI and have moderate agreement with ALS (R = 0.52). The ICESat-2 LAI shows moderate consistency with ALS for most forest types, except for the evergreen forest. The ICESat-2 LAI shows satisfactory agreement with the CGLS 300 m LAI product (R = 0.67, RMSE = 1.94) and presents a higher upper boundary. Overall, the ICESat-2 can characterize canopy structural parameters and provides the ability to estimate LAI, which may promote the LAI product generated from the photon-counting LiDAR.
Harbor Detection in Polarimetric SAR Images Based on Context Features and Reflection Symmetry
Authors: Liu Chun , Gao Jie , Liu Shichong , Li Chao , Cheng Yongchao , Luo Yi , Yang Jian
Published: August 2024

The detection of harbors presents difficulties related to their diverse sizes, varying morphology and scattering, and complex backgrounds. To avoid the extraction of unstable geometric features, in this paper, we propose an unsupervised harbor detection method for polarimetric SAR images using context features and polarimetric reflection symmetry. First, the image is segmented into three region types, i.e., water low-scattering regions, strong-scattering urban regions, and other regions, based on a multi-region Markov random field (MRF) segmentation method. Second, by leveraging the fact that harbors are surrounded by water on one side and a large number of buildings on the other, the coastal narrow-band area is extracted from the low-scattering regions, and the harbor regions of interest (ROIs) are determined by extracting the strong-scattering regions from the narrow-band area. Finally, by using the scattering reflection asymmetry of harbor buildings, harbors are identified based on the global threshold segmentation of the horizontal, vertical, and circular co- and cross-polarization correlation powers of the extracted ROIs. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated with experiments on RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization images of Zhanjiang, Fuzhou, Lingshui, and Dalian, China; San Francisco, USA; and Singapore. The proposed method had high detection rates and low false detection rates in the complex coastal environment scenarios studied, far outperforming the traditional spatial harbor detection method considered for comparison.
Study of the Impact of Landforms on the Groundwater Level Based on the Integration of Airborne Laser Scanning and Hydrological Data
Authors: Blaszczak-Bak Wioleta , Birylo Monika
Published: August 2024

This article presents a methodology for examining the impact of terrain on the level of groundwater in a well with an unconfined table aquifer. For this purpose, data from the groundwater observation and research network of the National Hydrogeological Service; airborne laser scanning technology; an SRTM height raster; orthophoto maps; and a WMTS raster were used and integrated for the specific parcels of Warmia and Mazury County. Groundwater is the largest and most important source of fresh drinking water. Apart from the influence of precipitation amount on groundwater level, the terrain is also important and is often omitted in comprehensive assessments. The research undertaken in this study provides new insights and a new methodology for the interpretation of hydrological data by taking into account the terrain, and it can be expanded with new data and increased research area or resolution. Research has shown that the attractiveness of the parcel in terms of construction development and excavation possibilities is greatly influenced by the groundwater level.
A Study of the Effect of DEM Spatial Resolution on Flood Simulation in Distributed Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Zhu Hengkang , Chen Yangbo
Published: August 2024

Watershed hydrological modeling methods are currently the predominant approach for flood forecasting. Digital elevation model (DEM) data, a critical input variable, significantly influence the accuracy of flood simulations, primarily due to their resolution. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the relationship between DEM resolution and flood simulation accuracy. This study aims to investigate this relationship by examining three watersheds of varying scales in southern Jiangxi Province, China. Utilizing the Liuxihe model, a new-generation physically based distributed hydrological model (PBDHM), we collected and collated data, including DEM, land use, soil type, and hourly flow and rainfall data from monitoring stations, covering 22 flood events over the last decade, to conduct model calibration and flood simulation. DEM data were processed into seven resolutions, ranging from 30 m to 500 m, to analyze the impact of DEM resolution on flood simulation accuracy. The results are as follows. (1) The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients for the entire set of flood events were above 0.75, demonstrating the Liuxihe model’s strong applicability in this region. (2) The DEM resolution of the Anhe and Dutou watersheds lost an average of 7.9% and 0.8% accuracy when increasing from 30 m to 200 m, with further losses of 37.9% and 10.7% from 200 m to 300 m. Similarly, the Mazhou watershed showed an average of 8.4% accuracy loss from 30 m to 400 m and 20.4% from 400 m to 500 m. These results suggest a threshold where accuracy sharply declines as DEM resolution increases, and this threshold rises with watershed scale. (3) Parameter optimization in the Liuxihe model significantly enhanced flood simulation accuracy, effectively compensating for the reduction in accuracy caused by increased DEM resolution. (4) The optimal parameters for flood simulation varied with different DEM resolutions, with significant changes observed in riverbed slope and river roughness, which are highly sensitive to DEM resolution. (5) Changes in DEM resolution did not significantly impact surface flow production. However, the extraction of the water system and the reduction in slope were major factors contributing to the decline in flood simulation accuracy. Overall, this study elucidates that there is a threshold range of DEM resolution that balances data acquisition efficiency and computational speed while satisfying the basic requirements for flood simulation accuracy. This finding provides crucial decision-making support for selecting appropriate DEM resolutions in hydrological forecasting.
The Mediatized Interactions and Social Networks of Empty-Nesters: A China-Based Study
Authors: Zhao Ru , Ju Gaofei
Published: August 2024

China is a populous country and its growing elderly population is pushing the whole country into the maelstrom of an aging society. The media practices and media interactions of empty-nesters have gradually become a real issue that is affecting the deepening transformation of Chinese society given the dual concerns of aging and mediatization. This study conducted in-depth interviews with 23 empty-nesters, chosen using the snowball sampling method combined with participant observation, to obtain their habits and behaviors related to social media use so to analyze the impact of media interactions on their daily life and social networks from a mediatized perspective. The availability of social media was found to influence their media use habits in four dimensions—technical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral—in the face of the digital divide, media memory writing, the construction of parasocial relationships, and embodied collaboration. These influences not only shaped and promoted the socialization of empty-nesters on social media networks but also extended to their daily life, as these influences enhanced both their mental and physical quality of life in old age.
The Effect of Multiple Additional Sampling with Multi-Fidelity, Multi-Objective Efficient Global Optimization Applied to an Airfoil Design
Authors: Phiboon Tharathep , Pichitkul Auraluck , Tantrairatn Suradet , Bureerat Sujin , Kanazaki Masahiro , Ariyarit Atthaphon
Published: August 2024

The multiple additional sampling point method has become popular for use in Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) to obtain aerodynamically shaped designs in recent years. It is a challenging task to study the influence of adding multi-sampling points, especially when multi-objective and multi-fidelity requirements are applied in the EGO process, because its factors have not been revealed yet in the research. In this study, the addition of two (multi-) sampling points (2-MAs) and four (multi-) sampling points (4-MAs) in each iteration are used to study the proposed techniques and compare them against results obtained from a single additional sampling point (1-SA); this is the approach that is conventionally used for updating the hybrid surrogate model. The multi-fidelity multi-objective method is included in EGO. The performance of the system, the computational convergence rate, and the model accuracy of the hybrid surrogate are the main elements for comparison. Each technique is verified by mathematical test functions and is applied to the airfoil design. Class Shape Function Transformation is used to create the airfoil shapes. The design objectives are to minimize drag and to maximize lift at designated conditions for a Reynolds number of one million. Computational Fluid Dynamics is used for ensuring high fidelity, whereas the panel method is employed when ensuring low fidelity. The Kriging method and the Radial Basis Function were utilized to construct high-fidelity and low-fidelity functions, respectively. The Genetic Algorithm was employed to maximize the Expected Hypervolume Improvement. Similar results were observed from the proposed techniques with a slight reduction in drag and a significant rise in lift compared to the initial design. Among the different techniques, the 4-MAs were found to converge at the greatest rate, with the best accuracy. Moreover, all multiple additional sampling point techniques are shown to improve the model accuracy of the hybrid surrogate and increase the diversity of the data compared to the single additional point technique. Hence, the addition of four sampling points can enhance the overall performance of multi-fidelity, multi-objective EGO and can be utilized in highly sophisticated aerodynamic design problems.
Bacterial Porins and Their Procoagulant Role: Implication in the Pathophysiology of Several Thrombotic Complications during Sepsis
Authors: Siniscalchi Carmine , Perrella Alessandro , Trama Ugo , Bernardi Francesca Futura , Imbalzano Egidio , Camporese Giuseppe , Russo Vincenzo , Scudiero Olga , Meschi Tiziana , Di Micco Pierpaolo
Published: August 2024

The association between sepsis and thrombotic complications is still not well known. Different mechanisms have been shown to be involved in the sepsis-induced prothrombotic state, but clinical scenarios may differ. In this review, we have summarized the role that bacterial products such as porins and toxins can have in the induction of the prothrombotic state during sepsis and the interaction that they can have with each other. Furthermore, the above-mentioned mechanisms might be involved in the pattern of the clinical presentation of thrombotic events during bacterial sepsis, which would secondarily explain the association between sepsis and venous thromboembolism, the association between sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and the association between sepsis and microangiopathic venous thromboembolism.
Delphi Analysis: Optimizing Anatomy Teaching and Ultrasound Training for Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection in Spasticity and Dystonia
Authors: Heckert Kimberly , Biering-Sørensen Bo , Bäumer Tobias , Khan Omar , Pagan Fernando , Paulin Mitchell , Stitik Todd , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Reebye Rajiv
Published: August 2024

Our objective was to provide expert consensus on best practices for anatomy teaching and training on ultrasound-guided botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) injection for specialists involved in treating spasticity and dystonia. Nine experts (three neurologists; six physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians) participated in a three-round modified Delphi process. Over three rounds, experts reached consensus on 15 of 16 statements describing best practices for anatomy and BoNT-A injection training. They unanimously agreed that knowledge of the target audience, including their needs and current competency, is crucial when designing training programs. Experts also agreed that alignment between instructors is essential to ensure consistency of approach over time and between regions, and that training programs should be simple, adaptable, and “hands-on” to enhance engagement and learning. Consensus was also reached for several other key areas of training program development. The best-practice principles identified by expert consensus could aid in the development of effective, standardized programs for anatomy teaching and BoNT-A injection training for the purposes of treating spasticity and dystonia. This will enhance the exchange of knowledge, skills, and educational approaches between global experts, allowing more specialists to treat important movement disorders and ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Update on Hepatitis C Vaccine: Results and Challenges
Authors: Garbuglia Anna Rosa , Pauciullo Silvia , Zulian Verdiana , Del Porto Paola
Published: August 2024

Therapy against the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has significantly improved with the introduction of direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs), achieving over 95% sustained virological response (SVR). Despite this, the development of an effective anti-HCV vaccine remains a critical challenge due to the low number of patients treated with DAAs and the occurrence of HCV reinfections in high-risk groups. Current vaccine strategies aim to stimulate either B-cell or T-cell responses. Vaccines based on E1 and E2 proteins can elicit broad cross-neutralizing antibodies against all major HCV genotypes, though with varying efficiencies and without full protection against infection. In humans, the neutralizing antibodies induced by such vaccines mainly target the AR3 region, but their levels are generally insufficient for broad neutralization. Various HCV proteins expressed through different viral vectors have been utilized to elicit T cell immune responses, showing sustained expansion of HCV-specific effector memory T cells and improved proliferation and polyfunctionality of memory T cells over time. However, despite these advancements, the frequency and effectiveness of T-cell responses remain limited.
Role of PQBP1 in Pathogen Recognition—Impact on Innate Immunity
Authors: Wiench Lukas , Rizzo Domenico , Sinay Zora , Nacsa Zsófia , Fuchs Nina V. , König Renate
Published: August 2024

The intrinsically disordered polyglutamine-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) has been linked to various cellular processes including transcription, alternative splicing, translation and innate immunity. Mutations in PQBP1 are causative for neurodevelopmental conditions collectively termed as the Renpenning syndrome spectrum. Intriguingly, cells of Renpenning syndrome patients exhibit a reduced innate immune response against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). PQBP1 is responsible for the initiation of a two-step recognition process of HIV-1 reverse-transcribed DNA products, ensuring a type 1 interferon response. Recent investigations revealed that PQBP1 also binds to the p17 protein of avian reovirus (ARV) and is affected by the ORF52 of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), possibly also playing a role in the innate immune response towards these RNA- and DNA-viruses. Moreover, PQBP1-mediated microglia activation in the context of tauopathies has been reported, highlighting the role of PQBP1 in sensing exogenous pathogenic species and innate immune response in the central nervous system. Its unstructured nature, the promiscuous binding of various proteins and its presence in various tissues indicate the versatile roles of PQBP1 in cellular regulation. Here, we systematically review the available data on the structure of PQBP1 and its cellular functions and interactome, as well as possible implications for innate immune responses and neurodegenerative disorders.
The Effects of Viral Infections on the Molecular and Signaling Pathways Involved in the Development of the PAOs
Authors: Liu Xiaozhou , Zhao Zhengdong , Shi Xinyu , Zong Yanjun , Sun Yu
Published: August 2024

Cytomegalovirus infection contributes to 10–30% of congenital hearing loss in children. Vertebrate peripheral auditory organs include the outer, middle, and inner ear. Their development is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. However, most ear diseases due to viral infections are due to congenital infections and reactivation and affect healthy adults to a lesser extent. This may be due to the fact that viral infections affect signaling pathways that are important for the development of peripheral hearing organs. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between viral infections and the signaling pathways involved in the development of peripheral hearing organs is important for the prevention and treatment of ear diseases. In this review, we summarize the effects of viruses on signaling pathways and signaling molecules in the development of peripheral auditory organs.
Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis in lion’s paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby, 1835), with some implications in the systematics of the Pectinidae
Authors: Ángel-Dapa Marco Antonio , Arellano-Martínez Marcial , Uría-Galicia Esther , López Villegas Edgar Oliver , Ceballos Vázquez Bertha Patricia , Saucedo Pedro
Published: August 2024

Este es el primer estudio que caracteriza la ultraestructura de la espermatogénesis en la almeja mano de león Nodipecten subnodosus, discutiendo algunas implicaciones de la morfología y función celular en la sistemática de la familia Pectinidae. Se recolectaron muestras de gónadas mensualmente durante un ciclo anual y se procesaron utilizando técnicas MET convencionales. Se determinó el número y el área de células en desarrollo que se presentaron durante la espermatocitogénesis, la meiosis y la espermiogénesis. En general, la disposición de las células en desarrollo fue concéntrica y la mayoría de los cambios celulares que comprenden la transición de espermatogonias a espermátidas coincidieron con el patrón general de los bivalvos marinos sometidos a fertilización externa. Las características principales incluían un espermatozoide con cola de tipo primitivo con cuatro mitocondrias esféricas ubicadas en la pieza intermedia y la típica disposición de microtúbulos 9+2 que rodean el centríolo. Durante la espermatogénesis, los cambios clave en la morfología celular ocurrieron hasta la etapa de espermatozoide, incluida la aparición de un núcleo en forma de bala, un acrosoma cónico, una pequeña vesícula proacrosomal de forma ovalada y dos fibras satélite laterales unidas al centríolo. El flagelo también se formó hasta la etapa de esperma. Taxonómicamente, estas características parecen ser específicas de una familia o de una especie y sugieren que N. subodosus puede estar estrechamente relacionado con las vieiras hermafroditas Patinopecten yessoensis, Chlamys farreri farreri, C. swiftii y Argopecten irradians dentro de la familia Pectinidae
La evaluación de las competencias digitales en el rendimiento académico en las clases de arte
Authors: Olivera Ylla Carlos Alberto , Ynga Rojas de Comeca Emma de Jesús , Ramirez Mendoza Pedro Nicolás
Published: August 2024

En la actualidad, las competencias digitales (CD) son cruciales para el éxito académico, pues facilitan el acceso a la información y mejoran el aprendizaje. Este estudio evaluó el impacto de las CD en el rendimiento académico en clases de arte, mediante un enfoque cuantitativo correlacional con una muestra censal de 30 estudiantes. La variable CD se midió usando el instrumento DigComp, basado en el marco europeo para el desarrollo de las CD, que incluye seis áreas y 23 competencias en seis niveles. El rendimiento académico se evaluó a partir de las calificaciones finales del curso. Los resultados mostraron una correlación significativa (r = 0.8775, p<0.05) entre las CD (X) y el rendimiento académico (Y). En conclusión, el estudio destaca la importancia de desarrollar y fortalecer las CD para mejorar el rendimiento académico, destacando su papel esencial en la educación contemporánea.
Factores del aula que contribuyen a la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Quizinga Molina Ivonne Nohely , Méndez Collantes Jesús Liduvina , Lazo Montero Gloria Lizeth , Collahua Rupaylla Vivian
Published: August 2024

En el ámbito educativo, la inteligencia emocional se reconoce cada vez más como un pilar fundamental para el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores del aula que contribuyen a la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo y una metodología descriptiva correlacional con una muestra de 210 estudiantes. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios. Los resultados mostraron que los factores del aula se presentan en un nivel regular según el 44.8% de los estudiantes, en un nivel malo según el 30.0% y en un nivel bueno según el 25.2%. En cuanto a la inteligencia emocional, el 49.0% de los estudiantes presentó un nivel regular, el 27.6% un nivel deficiente y el 23.3% un nivel óptimo. Se concluyó que existen factores del aula que contribuyen a la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios con una significancia de 0.000, menor a 0.05, entre los cuales destacan la cohesión de grupo y la conducción del grupo. Esto subraya la importancia de un enfoque educativo que no solo se centre en los logros académicos, sino también en el desarrollo emocional y social de los estudiantes, vital para su éxito y bienestar a largo plazo.
Educação Ambiental e destino dos resíduos sólidos no município do Soyo, província do Zaire (Angola)
Authors: Guilherme Monteiro , Campos Marília Torales
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar o enfrentamento das questões relacionadas ao destino dos resíduos sólidos no município do Soyo, província do Zaire, Angola. A pesquisa foi conduzida numa perspectiva metodológica de análise documental, que foi auxiliada em sua abordagem pelo método do silogismo, no qual procuramos analisar a questão do geral ao particular ou mesmo específico. O Estado angolano tem evidenciado muitos esforços para viabilizar medidas para o desencadeamento da situação dos resíduos sólidos visando o bem-estar da população, mas há ainda muito a se fazer para alcançar o tão desejado objetivo.