bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attending to gender in psychotherapy: Understanding and incorporating systems of power
Authors: Budge Stephanie L. , Moradi Bonnie
Published: September 2018

This study reviews the research evidence on the effectiveness of attending to clients’ gender identity and gender as a system of power in psychotherapy. We begin with definitions and measures of gender identity and provide clinical examples. Next, we summarize our search for studies to conduct two meta‐analyses on: (a) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotherapy conducted with transgender clients, and (b) RCTs of the outcomes of psychotherapies that attend explicitly to gender as a system of power compared with another bona‐fide psychotherapy. Our search did not yield studies that fit either search criteria; thus, meta‐analyses were not conducted. Instead, we conducted a content analysis of the 10 qualitative and quantitative studies on psychotherapy with transgender individuals. We conclude by highlighting the limitations of the research base, describing diversity considerations, and recommending therapeutic practices that attend to gender, gendered systems of power, oppression, and privilege.
Engaging in LGBQ+ affirmative psychotherapies with all clients: Defining themes and practices
Authors: Moradi Bonnie , Budge Stephanie L.
Published: September 2018

The clinical need for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ+) affirmative psychotherapies has been widely recognized; however, empirical research on the outcomes of such psychotherapies is limited. Moreover, key questions about whom such psychotherapies are for and what they comprise require critical consideration. We begin by offering definitions to answer these questions and delineate four key themes of LGBQ+ affirmative psychotherapies. We conceptualize LGBQ+ affirmative psychotherapies not as sexual orientation group‐specific, but rather as considerations and practices that can be applied with all clients. We then summarize our own search for studies to attempt a meta‐analysis and we discuss limitations and directions for research based on our literature review. We end by delineating diversity considerations and recommending therapeutic practices for advancing LGBQ+ affirmative psychotherapy with clients of all sexual orientations.
Intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relations among religiosity and motives for religion, depression, and social evaluation fears
Authors: Howell Ashley N. , Carleton R. Nicholas , Horswill Samantha C. , Parkerson Holly A. , Weeks Justin W. , Asmundson Gordon J. G.
Published: September 2018

Objectives

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) underlies several psychological disorders, and religion may help some individuals cope with IU and/or protect against psychological symptoms. It was hypothesized that IU would moderate the relations between coping motives for being religious, as well as religiosity, and common psychological disorder symptoms: Depression and social evaluation fears.

Methods

Study 1 included 473 self‐reporting community members (M
age = 48, 48% female, 80% Protestant/Catholic). Study 2 included 412 self‐reporting undergraduates (
M
age = 19, 71% female, 76% Protestant/Catholic).

Results

For Study 1, coping‐based motives related to greater depression for young adults with above‐average IU and to lower depression for young adults with below‐average IU. For Study 2, religiosity related to lower depression and fear of negative evaluation for individuals with above‐average IU and to greater fear of positive evaluation for individuals with below‐average IU.

Conclusion

IU may be an important mechanism between aspects of religion and psychological disorder symptoms.
House sparrows (Passer domesticus) adjusted hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis negative feedback and perch hopping activities in response to a single repeated stimulus
Authors: Gormally Brenna M. G. , Romero L. Michael
Published: September 2018

Chronic stress has been extensively studied in both laboratory and field settings; however, a conclusive and consistent phenotype has not been reached. Several studies have reported attenuation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis during experiments intended to cause chronic stress. We sought to determine whether this attenuation could be indicative of habituation. Importantly, we were not investigating habituation to a specific stimulus—as many stress physiology studies do—but rather we assessed how the underlying physiology and behavior changed in response to repeated stressor presentation. We exposed house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to a single stimulus twice per day at random times for 8 consecutive days. We predicted that this period of time would be long enough for the birds to determine that these acute stressors were not, in fact, dangerous and they would, therefore, acclimate. A second control group remained undisturbed for the same period of time. We measured baseline, stress‐induced, negative feedback strength, and maximum production of corticosterone as well as neophobic behavior before, during, and after this 8‐day experiment. When birds experienced a stimulus for 4 days, their negative feedback strength was significantly diminished, but recovered after the second 4 days. Additionally, perch hopping decreased and recovered in this same time frame. These data suggest that distinct physiological and behavioral responses arise when house sparrows are exposed to the same stressor for several consecutive days as opposed to many stressors layered on top of one another. Furthermore, they indicate that habituation—as with chronic stress—can appear differently depending on the metric being examined.
Long‐term griffon vulture population dynamics at Gamla Nature Reserve
Authors: Choresh Yael , Burg David , Trop Tamar , Izhaki Ido , Malkinson Dan
Published: September 2018

Gamla Nature Reserve (GNR) used to host the largest colony of Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) in northern Israel. Since the early 2000s, the colony has suffered a drastic decline, which could lead to its extinction. In this descriptive study we present the population dynamics at GNR based on an analysis of data collected over 15 years (1999–2013). A monitoring scheme of monthly counts, developed at GNR, provided a database, facilitating a mathematical analysis of the population decline trends and their seasonal fluctuations. The analysis revealed a decline in the population size, which appears similar to an inverse‐sigmoid and indicates a potential extinction of the colony by 2020. The analysis also indicates that, in addition to the overall pattern, the number of vultures fluctuates seasonally, with smaller numbers in spring and greater numbers in autumn and winter. Furthermore, this model suggests that latent factors might have influenced the decline; poisoning, thought to be a root cause, might not be the only factor influencing extinction. We demonstrate the importance of combining frequent data collection with modeling techniques for the analysis of raptor population trends. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Positive and negative regulation of seed germination by the Arabidopsis GA hormone receptors, GID1a, b, and c
Authors: Ge Wenjing , Steber Camille M.
Published: September 2018

Epistasis analysis of gid1 single and double mutants revealed that GID1c is a key positive regulator of seed germination, whereas the GID1b receptor can negatively regulate germination in dormant seeds and in the dark. The GID1 GA receptors were expected to positively regulate germination because the plant hormone gibberellin (GA) is required for seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. The three GA hormone receptors, GID1a, GID1b, and GID1c, positively regulate GA responses via GA/GID1‐stimulated destruction of DELLA (Asp‐Glu‐Leu‐Leu‐Ala) repressors of GA responses. The fact that the gid1abc triple mutant but not gid1 double mutants fail to germinate indicates that all three GA receptors can positively regulate non‐dormant seed germination in the light. It was known that the gid1abc triple mutant fails to lose dormancy through the dormancy breaking treatments of cold stratification (moist chilling of seeds) and dry after‐ripening (a period of dry storage). Previous work suggested that there may be some specialization of GID1 gene function during germination because GID1b mRNA expression was more highly induced by after‐ripening, whereas GID1a and GID1c mRNA levels were more highly induced by cold stratification. In light‐germinated dormant seeds, the gid1b mutation can partly rescue the germination efficiency of gid1a but not of gid1c seeds. Thus, GID1b can function as an upstream negative regulator GID1c, a positive regulator of dormant seed germination. Further experiments showed that GID1b can negatively regulate dark germination. Wild‐type Arabidopsis seeds do not germinate well in the dark. The gid1b and gid1ab double mutants germinated much more efficiently than wild type, gid1c, or gid1ac mutants in the dark. The observation that the gid1ab double mutant also shows increased dark germination suggests that GID1b, and to some extent GID1a, can act as upstream negative regulators of GID1c. Since the gid1abc triple mutant failed to germinate in the dark, it appears that GID1c is a key downstream positive regulator of dark germination. This genetic analysis indicates that the three GID1 receptors have partially specialized functions in GA signaling.
Monitoring nonlinear profile data using support vector regression method
Authors: Li Chung‐I , Pan Jeh‐Nan , Liao Chun‐Han
Published: September 2018

In today's manufacturing industries, if the quality characteristic of a product or a process is assumed to be represented by a functional relationship between the response variable and one or more explanatory variables, then the data generated from such a relationship are called profile data. Generally speaking, the functional relationship of the profile data rarely occurs in linear form, and the real data usually do not follow normal distribution. Thus, in this paper, the functional relationship of profile data is described via a nonparametric regression model and a nonparametric exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is developed for detecting the process shifts for nonlinear profile data in the Phase II monitoring.

We first fit the nonlinear profile data via a support vector regression model and use the fitted values to calculate the five metrics. Then, the nonparametric EWMA control chart with the five metrics can be constructed accordingly. Moreover, a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the detecting performance of the new control chart under various process shifts using the out‐of‐control average run length. Finally, a realistic nonlinear profile example is used to demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed nonparametric EWMA control chart and its monitoring schemes. It is expected that the proposed nonparametric EWMA control chart can enhance the monitoring efficiency for nonlinear profile data in the phase II study.
Coherence Time Analysis in Semiconducting Hybrid Qubit under Realistic Experimental Conditions
Authors: Ferraro Elena , Fanciulli Marco , De Michielis Marco
Published: September 2018

The unavoidable effect of the environmental noise due to nuclear spins and charge traps is included in the study of the hybrid qubit dynamics. Hybrid qubit owes its name to the advantageous combination of manipulation speed of a charge qubit with the longevity of a spin qubit. It consists of three electrons confined through external gate voltages in a double quantum dot and deserves special interest in quantum computation applications due to its advantages in terms of fabrication, control, and only electrical manipulation. The fluctuations of the global magnetic field do not affect the dynamics of the hybrid qubit that is defined in a decoherence‐free subspace. The main sources of decoherence come from local magnetic fluctuations and charge fluctuations. This work is based on the hypothesis that gate voltages are fixed and kept constant while qubit evolves in time. Coherence time of the hybrid qubit is extracted when model parameters take values achievable experimentally in the nuclear‐free isotope 28Si, natural Si, and GaAs hosts.
Tapping into the knowledge of incumbents: The role of corporate venture capital investments and inventor mobility
Authors: Di Lorenzo Francesco , van de Vrande Vareska
Published: September 2018

Research Summary

This article investigates the impact of corporate venture capital (CVC) investments and inventors' mobility on the extent to which new ventures use incumbents' knowledge resources as inputs for their innovation activities. Our findings suggest that ventures receiving CVC investments draw less on investors' knowledge, while inventor mobility increases the extent to which an incumbent's technological knowledge is used by recipient ventures. Ventures combining CVC investments and inventor mobility from the same incumbent are selected for drawing less on that incumbent's patents, but these citation flows increase in the period after investment and the inventors' hiring events are combined. Our results, thus, unveil the organizational complexity associated with the individual and combined roles of CVC investments and inventor mobility in determining new ventures' innovation behaviors.

Managerial Summary

New ventures often acquire resources from large established firms to foster development and success. Among others, research has primarily focused on equity investments—corporate venture capital and the hiring of employees—in particular inventors. While prior work has studied the impact of these two resources in terms of success and performance, we look more specifically at whether these two particular resources, individually and combined, could function as channels through which new ventures can access and use established firms' knowledge assets. Our analyses suggest that ventures receiving CVC investments draw less on investors' knowledge, while those hiring inventors draw more. Ventures combining these resources show an increased use of the incumbent firm's knowledge assets in the period after investment and hiring are combined.
Reflections on subprime governance
Authors: Gartenberg Claudine M. , Pierce Lamar
Published: September 2018

Claudine Gartenberg and Lamar Pierce were recognized as a runner up for the 2018 Ralph Gomory Best Industry Studies Paper Award.
Surface Engineering of Perovskite Oxide for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ou Gang , Yang Cheng , Liang Yuwei , Hussain Naveed , Ge Binghui , Huang Kai , Xu Yushuai , Wei Hehe , Zhang Ruoyu , Wu Hui
Published: September 2018

Perovskite oxide, a low‐cost bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst, has acquired a rapidly growing research interest in the areas of energy conversion and storage, owing to its significant surface structure‐induced catalytic performance. Here, recent progress on the electrocatalytic performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF) is built by engineering its surface defect structure through a versatile, effective, and controllable lithium reduction strategy. It is established that the lithium reduction treatment causes the formation of a structurally disordered layer at the surface of LSCF nanoparticles. The treated nanoparticles demonstrate significantly enhanced OER and ORR performance, especially for 5 wt% lithium‐reduced LSCF, whose OER potential decreases from 1.66 to 1.55 V at current density of 10 mA cm−2, and ORR onset potential increases from 0.70 to 0.84 V. This work provides the foundation for the optimization of catalytic performance of perovskite oxide (LSCF). Moreover, such defective materials are promising candidates for energy conversion and storage applications.
Two Novel Correlations for Prediction of Electric Spark Sensitivity of Nitramines Based on the Experimental Data of the New Instrument
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2018

This paper describes two novel simple methods for assessment of the electric spark sensitivity of cyclic and acyclic nitramines based on the new instrument marked as ESZ KTTV, which gives more reliable results than previous old system marked as RDAD. The first model uses elemental composition and a correcting function that increases the predicted results based on elemental composition. The measurements of the ESZ KTTV and the RDAD instruments revealed that the relationship is not unequivocal. Thus, the second method can convert the reported data based on the RDAD system to the ESZ KTTV instrument. Since most of the available predictive methods are based on the RDAD instrument, the second correlation is used for conversion of the predicted results based on the RDAD to the ESZ KTTV data. For 16 nitramines where both experimental values of the RDAD and the ESZ KTTV instruments were available, the values of root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) for the first and second models are 0.0359 and 0.0596 J, respectively. Thus, due to larger uncertainty in the experimental values of the old RDAD system, the reliability of the second model is less than the first one.
The S matrix of 6D super Yang-Mills and maximal supergravity from rational maps
Authors: Cachazo Freddy , Guevara Alfredo , Heydeman Matthew , Mizera Sebastian , Schwarz John H. , Wen Congkao
Published: September 2018

Abstract

We present new formulas for n-particle tree-level scattering amplitudes of six-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(1,1\right) $$

N
=

1
1

super Yang-Mills (SYM) and

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(2,2\right) $$

N
=

2
2

supergravity (SUGRA). They are written as integrals over the moduli space of certain rational maps localized on the (n − 3)! solutions of the scattering equations. Due to the properties of spinor-helicity variables in six dimensions, the even-n and odd-n formulas are quite different and have to be treated separately. We first propose a manifestly supersymmetric expression for the even-n amplitudes of

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(1,1\right) $$

N
=

1
1

SYM theory and perform various consistency checks. By considering soft-gluon limits of the even-n amplitudes, we deduce the form of the rational maps and the integrand for n odd. The odd-n formulas obtained in this way have a new redundancy that is intertwined with the usual SL(2, ℂ) invariance on the Riemann sphere. We also propose an alternative form of the formulas, analogous to the Witten-RSV formulation, and explore its relationship with the symplectic (or Lagrangian) Grassmannian. Since the amplitudes are formulated in a way that manifests double-copy properties, formulas for the six-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(2,2\right) $$

N
=

2
2

SUGRA amplitudes follow. These six-dimensional results allow us to deduce new formulas for five-dimensional SYM and SUGRA amplitudes, as well as massive amplitudes of four-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM on the Coulomb branch.
The Risk of Erectile Dysfunction Following Pelvic Angiographic Embolization in Pelvic Fracture Patients: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Sheng‐Der , Chen Cheng‐Jueng , Wang I‐Duo , Lin Kuen‐Tze , Wang Chia‐Chi , Chien Wu‐Chien , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Chang Wei‐Kuo
Published: September 2018

Background

Pelvic fracture with hypovolemic shock is a known crucial injury in trauma patients. Pelvic fracture with vessel injury often leads to hemodynamic complications; in a trauma scenario, evidence of other systems being affected is often absent. Bleeding cessation and resuscitation are important for these types of trauma patients. For this purpose, pelvic angiographic embolization is frequently used. Multiple studies have reported that angiographic embolization may cause erectile dysfunction (ED) in hemodynamically stable patients with pelvic fracture. However, no study has evaluated a large patient cohort with a long‐term follow‐up. We hypothesized that angiographic embolization to control bleeding may compromise blood supply to the genitourinary organs or cause secondary neurogenic injury that increases the risk of ED. Our goal was to evaluate the risk of ED following pelvic fractures in male patients treated with pelvic angiographic embolization.

Methods

We used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 1997 to 2010 provided by the Bureau of National Health Insurance of the Department of Health in Taiwan. We collected disease histories from inpatient files. The disease diagnoses were based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. These data were all deidentified, and we did not contact the patients. As such, informed consent was not needed.

Results

Eighty‐five and 82,802 patients were included in the case and control cohorts, respectively. All patients were aged 15–45, and the proportion of pelvic fracture locations was equal between the groups. After investigating the causes of ED among male patients aged 15–45 with pelvic fractures using logistic regression analysis in a generalized estimating equations model and after adjusting for the influence of confounders, we found that these patients had high risks (odds ratio (OR): 32.637; 95% confidence interval: 14.137–75.346; P < 0.001) of developing ED post‐angiographic embolization.

Conclusions

Male patients in Taiwan with pelvic fractures who undergo angiographic embolization to control bleeding have a higher risk of ED than those who do not undergo the procedure. Physicians should practice caution and inform patients of this connection before the procedure.
Understanding the Effect of a Paint Bake Cycle on the Microstructure–Mechanical Properties Relationship of a Resistance Spot Welded Advanced High Strength Steel
Authors: Eftekharimilani P. , van der Aa E. M. , Petrov R. , Hermans M. J. M. , Richardson I. M.
Published: September 2018

The effect of an automotive paint bake (PB) thermal cycle on the microstructural evolution and the mechanical properties of resistance spot welded advanced high strength steel is presented in this work. Mechanical behavior of the heat-treated welds reveals an increase in maximum cross-tension strength, displacement and subsequently energy absorption capability when 453 K (180 °C)-20 minutes a bake thermal cycle is applied after welding. The microstructures of resistance spot welds with and without a PB heat treatment were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis revealed that the weld nugget and HAZ of the resistance spot welds consist of a martensitic microstructure. The microstructural analysis of the post-weld heat-treated samples shows the presence of ε carbides in a martensitic matrix within the weld nugget and the HAZ. It is shown that the improved mechanical response of the paint-baked welds is associated with carbide precipitation during heat treatment.
PTMD: A Database of Human Disease-Associated Post-Translational Modifications
Authors: Xu Haodong , Wang Yongbo , Lin Shaofeng , Deng Wankun , Peng Di , Cui Qinghua , Xue Yu
Published: September 2018

Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) participate in nearly all aspects of biological processes by regulating protein functions, and aberrant states of PTMs are frequently implicated in human diseases. Therefore, an integral resource of PTM–disease associations (PDAs) would be a great help for both academic research and clinical use. In this work, we reported PTMD, a well-curated database containing PTMs that are associated with human diseases. We manually collected 1950 known PDAs in 749 proteins for 23 types of PTMs and 275 types of diseases from the literature. Database analyses show that phosphorylation has the largest number of disease associations, whereas neurologic diseases have the largest number of PTM associations. We classified all known PDAs into six classes according to the PTM status in diseases and demonstrated that the upregulation and presence of PTM events account for a predominant proportion of disease-associated PTM events. By reconstructing a disease–gene network, we observed that breast cancers have the largest number of associated PTMs and AKT1 has the largest number of PTMs connected to diseases. Finally, the PTMD database was developed with detailed annotations and can be a useful resource for further analyzing the relations between PTMs and human diseases. PTMD is freely accessible at http://ptmd.biocuckoo.org.
Barlborough Hall, Derbyshire
Authors: Smith Pete
Published: September 2018

This article examines the architectural evolution of Barlborough Hall from its construction in 1583 to the present day, using a number of previously unpublished documents, mostly from the Locker-Lampson Collection. It also discusses a painting in the British Library which indicates that the house was once prefaced by ranges of forecourt buildings, and it outlines the various alterations made to the house and garden between 1696 and 1714, identifying the architect responsible for at least some of these changes as John Hallam. The most important source of new information is an album of drawings by Lindley, Woodhead & Hurst of 1815, which records the building in detail before further alterations completed in 1825. These drawings also permit reconstructions of the likely design and appearance of the original house. The relatively minor additions in the mid-nineteenth century and the alterations made to the building since it became a school in 1938 are also outlined.
‘A Stammering Bundle of Welsh Idealism’: Arthur Trystan Edwards and Principles of Civic Design in Interwar Britain
Authors: Shasore N.E.
Published: September 2018

This article provides the first account of key texts and concepts in the theory and criticism of Arthur Trystan Edwards. Edwards's notion of ‘civic design’, which emanated from the Liverpool School of Architecture in the second decade of the twentieth century, was part of a broader international trend (particularly in the US and Europe) towards formal, axial and monumental planning. Edwards imbued civic design with a philosophical and political sophistication that set him apart from many of his non-Modernist contemporaries. The article discusses the underlying precepts — such as ‘subject’, ‘form’, ‘urbanity’ and ‘manners’ — in some of Edwards's critical texts, includingGood and Bad Manners in Architecture(1924). The final section traces his pioneering interest in high-density, low-rise housing, which culminated with the establishment of the Hundred New Towns Association in 1933–34.
Delivery of the research participant perception survey through the patient portal
Authors: Kelly-Pumarol Issis J. , Henderson Perrin Q. , Rushing Julia T. , Andrews Joseph E. , Kost Rhonda G. , Wagenknecht Lynne E.
Published: September 2018

Introduction

The patient portal may be an effective method for administering surveys regarding participant research experiences but has not been systematically studied.

Methods

We evaluated 4 methods of delivering a research participant perception survey: mailing, phone, email, and patient portal. Participants of research studies were identified (n=4013) and 800 were randomly selected to receive a survey, 200 for each method. Outcomes included response rate, survey completeness, and cost.

Results

Among those aged <65 years, response rates did not differ between mail, phone, and patient portal (22%, 29%, 30%,p>0.07). Among these methods, the patient portal was the lowest-cost option. Response rates were significantly lower using email (10%,p<0.01), the lowest-cost option. In contrast, among those aged 65+ years, mail was superior to the electronic methods (p<0.02).

Conclusions

The patient portal was among the most effective ways to reach research participants, and was less expensive than surveys administered by mail or telephone.
Spectral analysis of jet turbulence
Authors: Schmidt Oliver T. , Towne Aaron , Rigas Georgios , Colonius Tim , Brès Guillaume A.
Published: September 2018

Informed by large-eddy simulation (LES) data and resolvent analysis of the mean flow, we examine the structure of turbulence in jets in the subsonic, transonic and supersonic regimes. Spectral (frequency-space) proper orthogonal decomposition is used to extract energy spectra and decompose the flow into energy-ranked coherent structures. The educed structures are generally well predicted by the resolvent analysis. Over a range of low frequencies and the first few azimuthal mode numbers, these jets exhibit a low-rank response characterized by Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) type wavepackets associated with the annular shear layer up to the end of the potential core and that are excited by forcing in the very-near-nozzle shear layer. These modes too have been experimentally observed before and predicted by quasi-parallel stability theory and other approximations – they comprise a considerable portion of the total turbulent energy. At still lower frequencies, particularly for the axisymmetric mode, and again at high frequencies for all azimuthal wavenumbers, the response is not low-rank, but consists of a family of similarly amplified modes. These modes, which are primarily active downstream of the potential core, are associated with the Orr mechanism. They occur also as subdominant modes in the range of frequencies dominated by the KH response. Our global analysis helps tie together previous observations based on local spatial stability theory, and explains why quasi-parallel predictions were successful at some frequencies and azimuthal wavenumbers, but failed at others.
Steady Mach reflection with two incident shock waves
Authors: Guan Xiao-Ke , Bai Chen-Yuan , Wu Zi-Niu
Published: September 2018

Mach reflection in steady supersonic flow with two incident shock waves is studied. The second incident shock wave is produced by an additional deflection of the wedge lower surface, at some point ensuring that the two incident shock waves would intersect at the reflecting surface in case of normal reflection. Both theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used to study the flow structure and the influence of the second incident shock wave. The overall flow configuration, in case of Mach reflection, is shown to be composed of a triple shock structure, a shock/shock interaction structure and a shock/slipline reflection structure. Similar phenomenon, triggered by a high downstream pressure, has been observed before numerically, but not studied theoretically. The second incident shock wave reflects over the slipline to deflect the slipline more towards the reflecting surface, increasing thus the Mach stem height, advancing the transition of regular reflection to Mach reflection of the first incident shock wave, and causing an inverted Mach reflection below the usual von Neumann condition. A Mach stem height model built for a weak second incident shock wave is used to study the influence of the second incident shock wave on the Mach stem height. Both theory and CFD predict a maximum of the Mach stem height at some additional wedge deflection angle.
Identification of multiple natural and anthropogenic sources of dust in snow from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica
Authors: DU ZHIHENG , XIAO CUNDE , DING MINGHU , LI CHUANJIN
Published: September 2018

The stable oxygen isotope composition, major ions and isotopic compositions of strontium (Sr), neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) in insoluble dust from recent surface snow samples along the transect from the Zhongshan and Progress stations (located on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica) to Dome A (Summit, Antarctica) were analysed. No previous isotopic fingerprinting studies have been conducted for this transect. These data were used to document the dust provenances in Antarctica along the transect up to the highest site, Dome A, for the first time. The insoluble dust in snow samples along the coast displays an overall crust-line isotopic signature that is characterised by highly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values and less radiogenic 143Nd/144Nd values. These signatures are comparable with those of samples collected near the ice-free areas of the Zhongshan and Progress stations. Spatial differences are statistically significant along the transect, and the Sr, Nd and Pb isotope components in insoluble dust from two continuous snow samples at Dome A exhibit marked differences, indicating that additional dust reaches the East Antarctic Plateau. The isotopic characteristics of insoluble dust from this transect indicate that the long-distance natural dust and anthropogenic pollutants in these samples primarily originate from Australia.
Spaces of Autonomy, Spaces of Hope: The place of the university in post-colonial Singapore
Authors: HOLDEN PHILIP
Published: September 2018

This article explores the background to and consequences of the resignation of B. R. Sreenivasan as the vice-chancellor of the University of Singapore in October 1963, after a public clash with the People's Action Party state government, led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Sreenivasan's resignation has been the subject of radically different historical interpretations. It has been celebrated by some nationalist historians as part of a process of cultural decolonization, but criticized by others as precipitating a two-decades long erosion of academic freedom in Singapore. Careful attention to the event and its context, however, offers a powerful heuristic concerning the place of higher education in the process of decolonization, and the manner in which colonial universities came to be symbolic repositories of nationalism that enjoyed some degree of autonomy from the state. Debates on the role of the university that arose in Singapore after the resignation were plural, and diverse, and have much to teach us not only about the past, but also about a future in which international research universities such as the National University of Singapore embrace contradictory roles and yet still strive for new forms of academic autonomy.
Vicissitudes of Reality
Authors: Reinhardt Lloyd
Published: September 2018

‘Real’ and ‘really’ are deflated and minimalized in parallel to the minimalist and de-flationary treatment of truth. J.L. Austin's insightful comment that with ‘real’: ‘The negative wears the trousers’ is elucidated and developed. There follows a discussion of the bearing of the point on Plato's claims about knowledge, belief and ignorance. It is maintained that it is implausible to hope that acquaintance with a Form for various Fs is going to provide complete knowledge of the wardrobe of Austinian trousers, especially inasmuch as that wardrobe grows and changes with the vicissitudes of socio-industrial-commercial-technological life.
What Is a Science of Religion?
Authors: Appiah Kwame Anthony
Published: September 2018

Modern sociology and anthropology proposed from their very beginnings a scientific study of religion. This paper discusses attempts to understand religion in this ‘scientific’ way. I start with a classical canon of anthropology and sociology of religion, in the works of E. B. Tylor (1832–1917), Max Weber (1864–1920) and Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). Science aims to be a discourse that transcends local identities; it is deeply cosmopolitan. To offer a local metaphysics as its basis would produce a discourse that was not recognizable as a contribution to the cosmopolitan conversation of the sciences. So, a science of religion cannot appeal to the entities invoked in any particular religion; hence the methodological atheism of these three founding fathers. This cosmopolitan ideal, the calling of the scientist, on the one hand, and the concern to understand the ideas of other cultures, on the other, can pull in different directions. Understanding requires us to appeal to our own concepts but not to our own truths. In the explanations, though, truth – the universal shared reality – has to matter, because the scientific story of religion has to work for people of all faiths and none, precisely because it is cosmopolitan. Not everything we call a religion will have historical Christianity's laser-like focus on ontological truth-claims. But as long as there are people making truth-claims in the name of religion, there will be the possibility of a tension between the very idea of a science of religion and some of the multifarious collections of beliefs, practices and institutions that make up what we now call ‘religions’.
Social Trinitarianism and the tripartite God
Authors: SPENCER DANIEL
Published: September 2018

In this article, I consider the most prominent contemporary attempts to reconcile Social Trinitarianism (ST) with monotheism, arguing that within ST, only mereological (part/whole) accounts can ultimately preserve monotheism. A corollary of this is that every other condition (or set of conditions) adduced in defense of a monotheistic ST really entails tritheism, that is, until a part/whole condition is deployed. Such models, I contend, fail necessarily insofar as they attempt to solve a puzzle that is wholly quantitative in nature with purely qualitative considerations. I conclude by remarking that the Social Trinity model propounded by William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland succeeds where the others fail, though this model is itself by no means impervious to weighty objections.
MULTI-CLASS RESOURCE SHARING WITH BATCH ARRIVALS
Authors: Ezhilchelvan Paul , Mitrani Isi
Published: September 2018

A cloud provider hosts virtual machines (VMs) of different types, with different resource requirements. There are bounds on the total amounts of each kind of resource that are available. Requests arrive in batches of different sizes. Under the ‘complete blocking’ policy, a request is accepted only if all the VMs in its batch can be accommodated. The ‘partial blocking’ policy would accept a request if there is room for at least one of the VMs in the batch. Blocked requests are lost, with an associated loss of revenue. The trade-offs between costs and benefits are evaluated by means of appropriate models, for which novel solutions based on fixed-point iterations are proposed. The applicability of those solutions is extended, by means of simplifications, to very large-scale systems. Numerical examples and comparisons with simulations are presented.
Trajectory Tracking and Re-planning with Model Predictive Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Hu Zhen , Zhu Daqi , Cui Caicha , Sun Bing
Published: September 2018

The trajectory tracking of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) is an important research topic. However, in the traditional research into AUV trajectory tracking control, the AUV often follows human-set trajectories without obstacles, and trajectory planning and tracking are separated. Focusing on this separation, a trajectory re-planning controller based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) is designed and added into the trajectory tracking controller to form a new control system. Firstly, an obstacle avoidance function is set up for the design of an MPC trajectory re-planning controller, so that the re-planned trajectory produced by the re-planning controller can avoid obstacles. Then, the tracking controller in the MPC receives the re-planned trajectory and obtains the optimal tracking control law after calculating the object function with a Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) optimisation algorithm. Lastly, in a backstepping algorithm, the speed jump can be sharp while the MPC tracking controller can solve the speed jump problem. Simulation results of different obstacles and trajectories demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed MPC trajectory re-planning tracking control algorithm for AUVs.
Use of whole genome sequencing to complement characterisation of a typhoid fever outbreak among a Marshallese community: Oklahoma, 2015
Authors: Burnsed L. J. , Kovar L. D. , Angelo K. M. , Trees E. K. , Concepción-Acevedo J. , McDermott M. D. , Wagner D. , Bradley K. K.
Published: September 2018

Typhoid fever is an illness caused bySalmonella entericaserotype Typhi. In developing regions, it affects an estimated 20 million people annually, causing 200 000 deaths. Although uncommon, cases occur in the USA each year, predominantly due to international travel. During February 2015, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) detected an outbreak of typhoid fever among residents of northwestern Oklahoma. OSDH conducted case-patient interviews to identify the source and symptomatic contacts. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to characterise the genetic relatedness of isolates among the four outbreak-associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. We identified 38 cases, 25 confirmed and 13 probable, in two states. WGS revealed a 0–10 single-nucleotide polymorphism variation between isolates. Although we were unable to determine the source, almost all case-patients were members of the Marshallese community that attended a common event in Oklahoma, or were contacts to a confirmed case. This is the largest outbreak of typhoid fever in the USA since 1989, and first to apply WGS to complement interpretation of PFGE results during a typhoid fever outbreak investigation. This investigation illustrates the potential risk of outbreaks among communities comprised of international populations from regions where typhoid fever remains endemic.
Are Whites and minorities more similar than different? Testing the cultural similarities hypothesis on psychopathology with a second-order meta-analysis
Authors: Causadias José M. , Korous Kevin M. , Cahill Karina M.
Published: September 2018

The cultural differences hypothesis is the assertion that there are large differences between Whites and racial/ethnic minorities in the United States, while there are small differences between- (e.g., African Americans and Latinos) and within- (e.g., Latinos: Mexican Americans and Cuban Americans) minority groups. Conversely, the cultural similarities hypothesis argues that there are small differences between Whites and minorities, and these differences are equal or smaller in magnitude than differences between and within minorities. In this study, we conducted a second-order meta-analysis focused on psychopathology, to (a) test these hypotheses by estimating the absolute average difference between Whites and minorities, as well as between and within minorities, on levels of psychopathology, and (b) determine if general and meta-analytic method moderators account for these differences. A systematic search in PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations identified 16 meta-analyses (13% unpublished) on 493 primary studies (N = 3,036,749). Differences between Whites and minorities (d+ = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [0.18, 0.28]), and between minorities (d+ = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [0.12, 0.48]) were small in magnitude. White–minority differences remained small across moderators. These findings support the cultural similarities hypothesis. We discuss their implications and future research directions.
Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Inhibitor Resistance in Pennsylvania smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica)
Authors: Varanasi Vijay K. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Brabham Chad , Scott Robert C.
Published: September 2018

Pennsylvania smartweed [Persicaria pensylvanica(L.) M. Gómez] is a common weed of rice (Oryza sativaL.) in the midsouthern United States and has recently become a concern for farmers because of reduced tillage systems. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been extensively used for controlling smartweeds in imidazolinone-resistant and conventional rice. In the present study, we confirmed resistance to commonly used ALS inhibitors in rice and characterized the underlying resistance mechanism in aP. pensylvanicabiotype from southeast Missouri. A dose–response experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using bensulfuron-methyl, imazethapyr, and bispyribac-sodium to determine the resistance index (resistance/susceptibility [R/S]) based on GR50estimates. The target-siteALSgene was amplified from R and S plants, and sequences were analyzed for mutations known to confer ALS-inhibitor resistance. TheP. pensylvanicabiotype in question was found to be resistant to bensulfuron-methyl (R/S=2,330), imazethapyr (R/S=12), and bispyribac-sodium (R/S=6). Sequencing of theALSgene from R plants revealed two previously known mutations (Pro-197-Ser, Ala-122-Ser) conferring resistance to sulfonylureas and imidazolinones. This is the first report of ALS-inhibitor resistance inP. pensylvanica.
Item-Response Theory Psychometric Analysis and Factor Structure of the Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism Scales
Authors: Halamová Júlia , Kanovský Martin , Pacúchová Monika
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The study verifies the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism Scales (SCCS) using item response theory, factor analysis, and scale validity. The survey sample was collected by convenience sampling and consisted of 514 participants (27% men and 73% women) with a mean age of 26.16 years (SD = 8.32). A two-dimensional structure of the scale was not confirmed. The Self-Criticism subscale of the SCCS remained the same as in the original study, and the Self-Compassion subscale of the SCCS was divided into the subscales Self-Compassion (compassionate reaction to self) and Self-Reassurance (reassuring and soothing reactions to self). The Slovak translation of the SCCS seems to be a reliable instrument to measure the level of self-compassion and self-criticism. The validity of the SCCS should be further explored by linking the scale results to directly observable outcome measures as there are significant but very weak correlations with other related scales. This could be due to differences between situational and trait self-compassion and self-criticism.
New Initiative Aims to Help Displaced Scientists
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: September 2018

The accord, initiated by 10 Italian science institutions, hopes to provide temporary opportunities for some refugees until they can safely return to their home countries.
Syn‐Contractional Overprinting Between Extension and Shortening Along the Montagna Dei Fiori Fault During Plio‐Pleistocene Antiformal Stacking at the Central Apennines Thrust Wedge Toe
Authors: Storti F. , Balsamo F. , Mozafari M. , Koopman A. , Swennen R. , Taberner C.
Published: September 2018

The Montagna dei Fiori fault vertically offsets the crest of the NW‐SE trending Montagna dei Fiori anticline in the distal foothills of the central Apennines. There are several interpretations to explain this extensional fault system in close proximity to the Apennine deformation front. A prefolding age of the Montagna dei Fiori fault prevails in models and ideas, based on evidence of Triassic to Early Jurassic rift‐related faults and on thickness and facies distribution of Miocene sediments. However, overprint relationships between extension and shortening are generally speculative and relative age constraints are loose. In this paper we provide an alternative interpretation based on new structural and geochemical data that does not support any preshortening scenarios. The outcrops show that (1) failure of the prerift to syn‐rift Jurassic platform carbonates is controlled by a pattern of ~ N‐S and E‐W fault trends, (2) cessation of fault activity coincides with a breakup unconformity of Late Jurassic age, and (3) a large variety of S‐C shear fabrics occurs along the Montagna dei Fiori fault. Petrography, C‐O stable isotope, and microthermometric data of calcite veins provide constraints on the environmental conditions of deformation. Our multidisciplinary data set favors a partitioning of strain by the interaction of horizontal shortening and related uplift, and by gravitational reequilibration controlled by antiformal stacking underneath the Montagna dei Fiori anticline. Therefore, shortening and extensional strain fields are genetically connected, coeval, while nucleating from different levels in the mechanical stratigraphy. We discuss the implications of this model on the seismo‐tectonic framework of active faulting in the central Apennines of Italy.