bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALISASI MODEL LANTAI DAN JENDELA UNTUK PERBAIKAN WAKTU DENGUNG RUANG KULIAH
Authors: Ardianti Sabtalistia Yunita , Dewi Wulanningrum Sintia
Published: September 2020

Ruang kuliah membutuhkan persyaratan akustik yang optimal agar kegiatan belajar-mengajar bisa berjalan dengan baik. Waktu dengung yang terlalu panjang menyebabkan suara dari dosen menjadi kurang jelas terdengar oleh mahasiswa. Kaca jendela mempunyai nilai α (koefisien absorbsi bunyi)    yang rendah sehingga dapat memperpanjang waktu dengung. Lantai mempunyai luas permukaan dominan dalam suatu ruangan. Rendahnya nilai α kaca jendela dan luasnya permukaan lantai berpengaruh besar terhadap nilai waktu dengung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan model lantai dan jendela di ruang kuliah yang paling optimal waktu dengungnya.

Ruang kuliah Wastu 1, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta dijadikan sampel penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Ruang kuliah kondisi eksisting dan 5 model lantai dan jendela disimulasikan ke dalam Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 untuk mengetahui perbandingan waktu dengungnya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa model ruangan yang menggunakan lantai karpet dan panggung karpet setinggi 30 cm dan jendela yang menggunakan double glazed aluminium frame mempunyai RT paling mendekati standard. Penggunaan karpet pada lantai dan double glazed aluminium frame pada jendela mampu menurunkan waktu dengung karena kedua material tersebut mempunyai nilai α yang cukup tinggi.
Analisa kualitas visual dan non visual ruang publik yang berbasis CSR.
Authors: Adi Putra Ghoustanjiwani , Triwahyono Daim
Published: September 2020

Taman nivea merupakan salah satu ruang publik dikota Malang yang menjadi salah satu taman dari program CSR (Coorperate Social Responsibilty) dari Nivea yang keberadaanya menjadi salah satu alternative masyarakat kota malang untuk berkumpul. Pada analisa studi kasus ini penulis akan melakukan analisa deskriptif secara kualitatif menggunakan data literature dan data primer berupa hasil penelitian-penelitan terdahulu dalam mengevaluasi kualitas ruang publik berdasarkan kualitas visual nan non visual menggunakan 6 kriteria kualitas ruang publik dengan pedoman assessment ruang publik dari PPS (Public space project) dan mengacu pada Smardon. R.C (1986) melaui Foundation For Visual Project Analysis yang telah dipakai diberbagai riset ruang publik baik riset kualitatif maupun riset kuantitatif. Dari hasil evaluasi kualitatif ini didapt kesimpulan bahwa ruang publik merupakan ruang yang cukup memiliki kualitas visual dan non visual yang cukup baik.
ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: МІЖНАРОДНА ТА ЛОКАЛЬНА ПРАКТИКА
Authors: Семигіна Тетяна , Пожидаєва Оксана
Published: September 2020

Компетентнісно-орієнтований підхід набуває дедалі більшого значення у професійній соціальній роботі. Це дослідження мало на меті визначити практику формування професійних компетентностей за кордоном та в України, виявити проблеми, притаманні вітчизняній практиці визначення компетентностей фахівців із соціальної роботи. Окреслено типові процеси формування вимог до професійних компетентностей соціальних працівників, які розпочинаються з визначення певної діяльності як фаху і завершуються розробкою оцінювальних (кваліфікаційних) стандартів. Схарактеризовано контекстуальні чинники, які впливають на цей процес. На основі системного аналізу продемонстровано, яким чином визначають компетентності міжнародні організації. Розглянуто компетентності соціальних працівників, окреслені стандартами у США та в України, виявлено неузгодженість між вітчизняними професійними та освітніми стандартами, зумовлені як нормативно відмінними вимогами до компетентностей, так і інституційним дисбалансом, орієнтованістю професійних стандартів на установи соціального захисту населення і застарілістю уявлень про призначення соціальної роботи як професії.
A Novel Clustered Support Vector Machine with Reduced Support Vectors for Big Data Classification
Authors: Thirukonda Srinivasan Gokkulnath , R Ramanathan
Published: September 2020

Big data classification demands support vector models with huge number of support vectors, which are prone to overfitting and complex in nature. In this paper, we propose a method to solve the overfitting problem and improve the generalization of the model by reducing the number of support vectors. Using the proposed approach, the number of support vector has been reduced on average of 90% of the original count when trained using conventional SVM approach. The Discussed method proves to improve the performance of the conventional method by reducing the number of support vectors at cost of accuracy. This method can be used in applications involving long term prediction like weather/climate prediction and time critical applications which require rapid performance with a compensated accuracy.
Estrutura da placenta epiteliocorial em tubarões e sua interação materno-fetal
Authors: Veiga Conrado André Luiz , Malavasi Bruno Carlos Eduardo , Salmon Thierry , Stecca Iunes Renata , Cardoso Fernanda , Cagnoni Ramos Cristiane
Published: September 2020

Em mamíferos, a nutrição intrauterina de embriões ocorre através da placenta. Porém, em tubarões vivíparos placentários da ordem Carcharhiniformes (famílias Leptochariidae, Triakidae, Hemigaleidae e Carcharhinidae), a nutrição de embriões pode ocorrer de três formas: lecitotrofia (vitelo); histotrofia (secreções uterinas) e placentotrofia. Nesta revisão, é discutida a similitude anatômica, fisiológica e, principalmente imunológica, entre as placentas de tubarões e de mamíferos, mostrando que a tolerância materno-fetal em tubarões placentários e mamíferos é dependente de proteínas como a indoleamina 2,3 – dioxigenase, interleucina-1 e proteínas específicas da gestação.
Percepção do graduando de Enfermagem na segurança do paciente com sistema de medicamentos por dose unitária
Authors: Alves Neves Araújo Sandra , Abrunhosa Vasconcelos Ana Maria , Cabral Rodrigues de Sousa Maria Wilsa , Cabral Rodrigues da Silva Wilza , Xavier de Souza Paula Cristina
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: Descrever a percepção do graduando de enfermagem sobre a segurança do paciente no Sistema de distribuição de Medicamentos por Dose unitária - SDMDU. Método: Pesquisa de campo exploratória, quantitativa, qualitativa, não probabilí­stica intencional. Realizada em um hospital infantil que utiliza o SDMDU. Foram entrevistados 126 graduandos de enfermagem. Resultados: Percepção positiva para 99(78,57%) dos graduandos de enfermagem, categorizado por Sistema Seguro 45 (45,45%) e, 30(30,30%) relatam que o SDMDU diminui erros. Entretanto 21(16,67%) referiram percepção negativa, afirmam que o Preparo e Administração dos medicamentos 10(47,61%) devem ocorrer pela enfermagem e, consideram o Sistema inseguro, 9(42,85%) entrevistados. Considerações Finais: O SDMDU é um processo que traz maior segurança ao paciente. O enfermeiro deve conhecer a responsabilidade sobre a administração de medicamentos como algo importante dentro do conjunto de atividades que realiza, uma vez que a implantação do SDMDU reflete diretamente nas atividades da equipe de enfermagem.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PERIZINAN BERBASIS WEB PADA DINAS PENANAMAN MODAL DAN PELAYANAN TERPADU SATU PINTU KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI
Authors: Papuangan Miswar , Latowo Muamar , Salmin Munazat
Published: September 2020

Penyediaan pelayanan publik merupakan suatu kewajiban yang harus dilakukan pemerintah sebagai penyelenggaran negara, sehingga perlu adanya prosedur yang memadai untuk mempermudah masyarakat dalam mengurus pembuatan izin. Permohonan perizinan pada DPMPTSP masih bersifat konvensional sehingga tentunya membutuhkan banyak biaya dan tenaga dalam melakukan pengurusan perizinan. Perancangan sistem informasi perizinan berbasis web pada dinas penanaman modal dan pelayanan terpadu satu pintu kabupaten pulau morotai menggunakan metode perancangan sistem evolusioner. Metode evolusioner digunakan berdasarkan pada ide untuk mengembangkan implementasi awal, kemudian memperlihatkan sistem awal kepada pengguna untuk dikomentari. Pengujian sistem menggunakan white box testing. White box testing merupakan uji kasus yang menggunakan struktur kontrol yang dijelaskan sebagai bagian dari perancangan perangkat komponen untuk menghasilkan uji kasus. Perancangan sistem informasi perizinan menghasilkan sistem yang dapat meminimalisir kesalahan-kesalahan keterlambatan yang dilakukan dan lebih fleksibel untuk digunakan dengan menunjukan sistem mampu menghasiilkan jumlah cyclomatic coplexity = 44, region = 44, dan independent path = 44.Kata Kunci: Sistem Informasi, Perizinan, Web
Impacts des objets connectés dans le secteur de la chimie – Cas du projet OSIRIS 4.0
Authors: Sybord Christine , Fedrici Bruno
Published: September 2020

Cet article traite de la quatrième révolution industrielle dans le secteur de la chimie. Cette révolution est considérée comme une rupture dans le management des organisations car elle doit répondre à de nouveaux enjeux d’efficacité, de respect des normes environnementales et de sécurité qui vont bien au-delà de simples enjeux techniques. Dans ce cadre, le questionnement de la recherche porte sur la manière dont les objets connectés (IoT) impactent la plate-forme de Roussillon, premier complexe chimique français. Les résultats montrent que la désintermédiation générée par les IoT remet en question la division classique des services et changent les processus, tant internes qu’externes : la création d’une nouvelle chaîne de valeur par la donnée constitue ainsi la contribution principale de cette recherche.
Mobile Money : décryptage d’une succes story africaine
Authors: Kengue Mayamou Pascal , Michel Sylvie
Published: September 2020

Cette relecture du phénomène du e-paiement qu’est le portefeuille électronique MoMo s’intéresse à l’adoption large et rapide d’une application au Congo Brazzaville. Cette application fut développée initialement au Kenya, elle est aujourd’hui présente massivement en Afrique. Elle offre plusieurs services originaux et intuitifs et a été rapidement adoptée par les utilisateurs au Congo. Nous proposons d’analyser les déterminants de cette adoption, en nous appuyant sur le corpus théorique lié à l’adoption des technologies de l'information (Davis, 1989 ; Venkatesh, 2000 ; Gallivan, 2001 ; Venkatesh et Bala, 2008) et sur les spécificités socio-économiques du Congo Brazzaville. Cet article s'appuie sur une recherche empirique avec une phase d’analyse exploratoire et de compréhension de l’environnement des primo adoptants qui se concentre ici sur l’inversion de la logique de l’adoption des TI.
Average Betti Numbers of Induced Subcomplexes in Triangulations of Manifolds
Authors: Codenotti Giulia , Spreer Jonathan , Santos Francisco
Published: September 2020

We study a variation of Bagchi and Datta's $\sigma$-vector of a simplicial complex $C$, whose entries are defined as weighted averages of Betti numbers of induced subcomplexes of $C$. We show that these invariants satisfy an Alexander-Dehn-Sommerville type identity, and behave nicely under natural operations on triangulated manifolds and spheres such as connected sums and bistellar flips. In the language of commutative algebra, the invariants are weighted sums of graded Betti numbers of the Stanley-Reisner ring of $C$. This interpretation implies, by a result of Adiprasito, that the Billera-Lee sphere maximizes these invariants among triangulated spheres with a given $f$-vector. For the first entry of $\sigma$, we extend this bound to the class of strongly connected pure complexes. As an application, we show how upper bounds on $\sigma$ can be used to obtain lower bounds on the $f$-vector of triangulated $4$-manifolds with transitive symmetry on vertices and prescribed vector of Betti numbers.
Level Algebras and $\mathbf {s}$-Lecture Hall Polytopes
Authors: Kohl Florian , Olsen McCabe
Published: September 2020

Given a family of lattice polytopes, a common endeavor in Ehrhart theory is the classification of those polytopes in the family that are Gorenstein, or more generally level. In this article, we consider these questions for ${\boldsymbol s}$-lecture hall polytopes, which are a family of simplices arising from $\mathbf {s}$-lecture hall partitions. In particular, we provide concrete classifications for both of these properties purely in terms of ${\boldsymbol s}$-inversion sequences. Moreover, for a large subfamily of ${\boldsymbol s}$-lecture hall polytopes, we provide a more geometric classification of the Gorenstein property in terms of  its tangent cones. We then show how one can use the classification of level ${\boldsymbol s}$-lecture hall polytopes to construct infinite families of level ${\boldsymbol s}$-lecture hall polytopes, and to describe level ${\boldsymbol s}$-lecture hall polytopes in small dimensions.
Macdonald Polynomials and Chromatic Quasisymmetric Functions
Authors: Haglund James , Wilson Andrew Timothy
Published: September 2020

We express the integral form Macdonald polynomials as a weighted sum of Shareshian and Wachs' chromatic quasisymmetric functions of certain graphs. Then we use known expansions of these chromatic quasisymmetric functions into Schur and power sum symmetric functions to provide Schur and power sum formulas for the integral form Macdonald polynomials. Since the (integral form) Jack polynomials are a specialization of integral form Macdonald polynomials, we obtain analogous formulas for Jack polynomials as corollaries.
Quantifying Noninvertibility in Discrete Dynamical Systems
Authors: Defant Colin , Propp James
Published: September 2020

Given a finite set $X$ and a function $f:X\to X$, we define the \emph{degree of noninvertibility} of $f$ to be $\displaystyle\deg(f)=\frac{1}{|X|}\sum_{x\in X}|f^{-1}(f(x))|$. This is a natural measure of how far the function $f$ is from being bijective. We compute the degrees of noninvertibility of some specific discrete dynamical systems, including the Carolina solitaire map, iterates of the bubble sort map acting on permutations, bubble sort acting on multiset permutations, and a map that we call "nibble sort." We also obtain estimates for the degrees of noninvertibility of West's stack-sorting map and the Bulgarian solitaire map. We then turn our attention to arbitrary functions and their iterates. In order to compare the degree of noninvertibility of an arbitrary function $f:X\to X$ with that of its iterate $f^k$, we prove that \[\max_{\substack{f:X\to X\\ |X|=n}}\frac{\deg(f^k)}{\deg(f)^\gamma}=\Theta(n^{1-1/2^{k-1}})\] for every real number $\gamma\geq 2-1/2^{k-1}$. We end with several conjectures and open problems.
Large Deflection of Clamped Curved Beam Under Finite Clamping and Different Combinations of Bending-Stretching
Authors: Ghuku Sushanta , Saha Kashinath
Published: September 2020

The paper experimentally and theoretically analyses large deflection behaviour of clamped curved beam subjected to finite clamping and combined bending-stretching loads. The experimental specimen is clamped around central location under vertically concave and convex orientations. For each specimen settings, clamping is done by two different torque values. Application of vertical end loads on the clamped concave and convex systems produces two different combinations of bending and in-plane loadings. Large deflection behaviour of the experimental system is modelled theoretically considering geometric nonlinearities coming from combined bending-stretching, non-uniform curvature and asymmetric geometry. Effect of finite clamping is incorporated in the theoretical model through equivalent additional end loads. Due to the involved geometric nonlinearities, analysis is carried out through variational energy principle based incremental Lagrangian approach in curvilinear system and transformed into global frame. The semi-analytical model is successfully validated by comparing with the experimental results. The combined theoretical-experimental study addresses practical complication associated with local deformation at boundaries. In addition, the physically plausible theoretical model may be of interest for simulation of many real world structures with complicating system parameters. Moreover, observations on combined effects of curvature, loading combinations and finite clamping may provide reference for design optimization of equivalent engineering structures.
Phototrophic biofilms and microbial mats from the marine littoral of the central Mediterranean
Authors: Zammit Gabrielle , Schembri Sarah , Fenech Mark
Published: September 2020

Phototrophic biofilm and microbial mat communities grow along the rocky coastline of the Maltese islands. This research involved studying phototrophs from the mediolittoral and supralittoral zones over a two-year period and seasonal changes were observed. Attachment of pioneer microorganisms to the porous eroded limestone bedrock was facilitated via a gelatinous matrix composed of exopolymeric substances (EPS). In submerged areas, such as undisturbed rock pools, these progressively formed green or brown compact biofilms, some of which thickened over the spring to form microbial mats via the production of more extensive EPS layers. Microbial mats gradually attained a lighter colouration due to the presence of ultraviolet (UV) screening pigments. In full summer, they were observed to shrink, detach from the exposed substrate, harden and progressively calcify. Biofilm microorganisms survived the harsh summer months in sheltered areas. The major biofilm formers were filamentous non-heterocytous cyanobacteria belonging to the
Leptolyngbyaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae and Oscillatoriaceae. Their sheaths
were thick, lamellated and often confluent. A higher biodiversity of phototrophs was observed in late autumn and winter, when tufts of heterocytous Calothrix sp. grew on thin compact biofilms of Nodosilinea sp., Toxifilum sp. and Phormidesmis spp., while Lyngbya spp. trichomes were surrounded by thick brown sheaths. Germlings of green and brown macroalgal species belonging to Ulva, Cladophora and Sphacelaria were embedded in biofilms and microbial mats and gradually grew to form extensive macroalgal covers submerged in rock pools. Erythrotrichia sp. filaments colonised the mediolittoral zone and were confined to areas that were exposed to wave action and submerged intermittently. Over the summer, macroalgal coverage diminished and microalgal biofilms and microbial mats prevailed in rock pools.
Preservice teachers’ perceptions of science integration into secondary agriculture classrooms
Authors: Conner Nathan , Stripling Christopher , Loizzo Jamie
Published: September 2020

After completing a 40-hour field experience course, 26 preservice teachers participated in interviews about their experiences observing science integration in secondary agriculture classrooms. Based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory, researchers analyzed interview transcripts for preservice teachers’ descriptions of perceived preparedness to integrate science into agricultural education programs based on personal, environmental, and behavioral determinants. Findings indicated the integration of science concepts were reliant upon participants’ perceived integration ability, importance of science knowledge, consequences of science integration, application of hands-on learning, practical application of science in agriculture, and the influence of colleague collaboration on the learning environment. From their observations, preservice teachers cited specific instances of academic science concepts relating to agriculture, which they perceived as an applied science. While natural ties to biology and chemistry appeared in classroom lessons, preservice teachers held a belief that agricultural education is a unique practical context for learning and integration of science, but too much science integration is seen as a threat to agricultural education. Many preservice teachers noted the environment surrounding their future agricultural classrooms will play a large role in how they integrate science. Future research should further investigate how behavioral, personal, and environmental factors influence science integration.
Effect of Different Silica Coatings on the Toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Kembuan Cynthia E , Oliveira Helena , Graf Christina
Published: September 2020

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) consisting of NaYF₄ doped with 18% Yb and 2% Er were coated with microporous silica shells of 7±2 nm and 21±3 nm thickness. Subsequently, the initially negatively charged particles were optionally functionalized with N-(6-aminohexyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS), providing a positive charge onto the nanoparticle surface. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements revealed that the particles with the thicker shells release fewer lanthanide ions in 24 h than particles with a thinner shell but that even a 21±3 nm thick silica layer does not entirely block the disintegration process of the UCNP. MTT tests and cell cytometry measurements with macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) indicate that the cells treated with amino-functionalized particles with a thicker silica shell have higher viability than those incubated with UCNP with a thinner silica shell even if more particles with a thicker shell are taken up. This effect is less significant for negatively charged particles. A cell cycle analysis with amino-functionalized particles also confirms that a thicker silica shell reduces the cytotoxicity. Thus, growing silica shells of sufficient thickness is a simple approach to minimize the cytotoxicity of UCNP.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF RATIONING RUNNING TIME AND FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR RIVER VESSELS IN THE CONTEX OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Ustavshchikov Ivan V.
Published: September 2020

The article presents a brief analysis of rationing the time of passage of vessels and convoys and fuel consumption on river transport in Russia and abroad. To improve the efficiency of the river vessels at the current stage of digitalization, the usage of the existing modern methods of calculating the standards of navigation and fuel consumption of vessels and convoys is the most appropriate for these purposes, taking into account the conditions of navigation on sections of waterways at the time of modeling. The article considers the ways of improvement of rationing based on the automated ship control system suggested by the author, for the functioning of which there is additional standard equipment on board a ship. The system provides control of the main parameters of the engine and speed along sections of waterways and fuel consumption. The effectiveness of its functioning is shown. To increase the efficiency of rationing significantly, the necessary methodological, algorithmic and software developments are identified.
How does Technological Dependence Affect Consumer Shopping Behavior among Baby Boomers, Millennials, and Digital Natives?
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Syah Fibrika , Syahputri Nisrina Anggi
Published: September 2020

As the technology develop rapidly, people’s life is more convenient in many aspects. For instance, technology is facilitating the way people shop. In this day and age, people does not need to go to market to buy things they want as they can get it by online shopping. This way is certainly saving the time, the money as well because they do not need to pay the transportation cost. However, with the assistances that technology offered, not all people are overly dependent on technology. Some of them, mostly baby boomers gen, tend to life the old-fashioned way. This research aims to find out the difference among three generations, including baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives in their dependence on technology and how it affects their shopping behavior including the shopping objective, shopping frequency, deciding online or offline, shopping hour as well as brand choice. This study investigated about 138 persons, consisted of 30 (22%) baby boomers, 34 (25%) millennials, and 74 (53%) digital natives. The data were collected using the questionnaire consisted of 29 questions related to daily interaction to technology and shopping behavior. Oneway ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The result shows that among baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives have different responses of their technological dependence relating to shopping behavior. However, there is no significant difference among three generations. Each generation have different trait of shopping. Thus, the marketer should to know what kind of generation of their target in order to give the appropriate marketing.
Impact of Financial Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative on the Global Economy
Authors: Ullah Fakhr , Jan Naveed , Liu Xiyu
Published: September 2020

The belt and Road Initiative is a platform for multilateral regional economic and trade cooperation advocated by China, which bears the important historical mission of political mutual trust, economic cooperation and trade cooperation. The cultural integration between China and its neighboring countries promotes the formation of a new international economic order and the construction of a harmonious society. This measure increases the total export volume of China's countries along the way, thus increasing the proportion of states along the way in China's trade structure, improving the trade situation and increasing the importance of dividend policy. From another point of view, based on the principles of openness, tolerance, peaceful cooperation, mutual benefit and mutual learning, we should take cooperation, co construction, sharing and we are committed to building a responsible society and an idea of equality, cooperation, tolerance and win win for the common destiny. In the whole country, compared with the traditional way of competition, this is the innovation and Transcendence of the traditional economic theory of geography, thus forming a new type of economic theory. China's traditional economy Belt and Road, has been seriously impacted and restricted since the global financial crisis in 2008. China's "Belt and Road" initiative has brought these areas into a state of rapid development and become the leader of China's economic development. Meanwhile, the internationalization of these areas has become a trend of future development. This paper will explore Belt and Road initiative, the global economic impact and long-term planning development under the background of global cooperation and financial system.
Physiological Concepts with Inbuilt Mathematics in Scratches on Ishango Bone by Upper Paleolithic People of Africa
Authors: Adhikari Dr. Swapan Kumar
Published: September 2020

It was as early as 35000 BCE, bones and stones were the open pages for writing anything that mind had to say. It was women who were the torch bearers. They scratched on any surface available to them and poured their mind upside down. It is now the wise men of the posterity to decipher the pristine symbols. We have collected a few items from different sources and applied our mind to decode the primitive dots and lines of those sleeping alphabets of an age much earlier than the hieroglyphic days of the known civilisation where involvement of mathematics has been explored. We said ‘open sesame’ and the door of unexplored mathematics, astronomy and religion etc.: opened up in front of our eyes! Here is our presentation.
Hydroponic Farming in Indian Hotels
Authors: Suresh Pulla , Nirmal Sam , Roy Arpan
Published: September 2020

Hydroponics farms have become a new trend in the Agricultural sector, especially with the growing needs of food and also because of the limited resources. The purpose of the research project was to gain knowledge about the modern Farming Method. The findings of the research suggest that in about 5-10 years of time the hydroponic business is eyed to increase about 200%-300%compared to the present situation. The food products produced by Hydroponics method are both nutritious and organic. The limited use of resources in hydroponic farming makes this method the tool for future sustainability. The complete analysis of the research has been made by using 2 basic research tools .One is an online survey, conducted to collect the information regarding people views about Hydroponics. The other tool was an interview with a local Hydroponic Grower.
Beliefs in the Activities of Witchcraft in Ghana
Authors: Agyapong Kwasi Atta
Published: September 2020

This study discusses how beliefs in the activities of witchcraft have been ingrained in the Ghanaian terrain and its adverse impact on Ghanaians. The methodology used in this qualitative study is the interpretive paradigm. The study also outlines the general belief in the activities of witches. The study findings suggest that the belief of the potency of witchcraft activities in Ghana is a major hinderance to personal and national development. The study argues that the emphasis placed on witchcraft activities promotes a dependency theory where individuals become irresponsible because every evil, mess and bigoted paradigm that suppresses the development of a person or the nation can be attributed to a remote cause elsewhere. The ideal belief system proposed for the development of Ghana and all individuals should neither be animistic nor secularist but Christ-centered and biblically premised. The study contributes to current research on witchcraft belief in Ghana.
Les sommets du Palais
Authors: Boelaert Julien , Ollion Étienne
Published: September 2020

Les élections législatives de 2017 ont été marquées par un renouvellement inédit sous la V e République avec l’arrivée d’élus aux profils rares. Comment se sont-ils adaptés à cet espace très codifié ? La réponse à cette question est difficile car l’activité parlementaire a des facettes multiples que les méthodes classiques peinent à restituer ensemble. Afin de décrire ces formes d’engagement parlementaire relationnellement et dans leur diversité, cet article introduit une méthode de réduction de dimensionnalité : les cartes auto-organisatrices ( Self-Organizing Maps , ou SOM). Il en expose les principes et en démontre l’intérêt en pratique à partir du cas de l’engagement parlementaire des élus de 2017. Une comparaison avec l’analyse géométrique de données souligne l’intérêt des SOM qui permettent une analyse fine des types de praxis parlementaire. Plus généralement, le texte montre que les SOM peuvent être un outil statistique utile, que ce soit pour réduire et visualiser une masse de données, ou pour représenter un espace social.
A descriptive study quantifying warm-up patterns in elite and non-elite dressage horses in a field environment
Authors: Tranquille C.A. , Clarke J. , Walker V.A. , Murray R.C.
Published: September 2020

There is very little reported information on the content of the warm-up period in dressage horses. Our objective was to quantify warm-up content, patterns and duration in a simulated competition (field) environment in British dressage horses. Twelve elite (Group A) and 20 non-elite (Group B) mixed-breed dressage horses, all ridden by advanced level riders, were assessed. Riders warmed-up as they would normally for a competition prior to completing a test. The warm-up was videoed and assessed retrospectively. Total duration, time spent in the different paces, and on which rein, was recorded, along with information on which movements were performed, and the head and neck position. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare variables between groups. Mean warm-up duration, time in walk and trot did not differ between groups, however Group A horses spent significantly more time in canter than Group B horses (P=0.0024). Group A horses also spent significantly more time in collected and extended paces, and performing advanced movements than Group B horses (P≤0.0421 for all variables). There was no difference in time spent on the left and right rein in either group. Results provide novel information on the warm-up content in a competition (field) environment for dressage horses. The findings indicate that that the content of the warm-up of elite and non-elite dressage horses was significantly different, with elite horses warming up for longer, spending more time in canter, performing more changes within paces and advanced movements. Dressage horses appear to warm-up more symmetrically than has been reported in jumping horses.
Challenges and opportunities for the development of an edible insect food industry in Latin America
Authors: Bermúdez-Serrano I.M.
Published: September 2020

Latin America has an old tradition of entomophagy and is currently the second largest market for edible insects in the world. However, the number of start-ups producing edible insects is still very low, when compared to Europe and North America. This review analyses the potential of farming and processing edible insects in Latin America using the systemic competitiveness approach in order to list the main opportunities and challenges for the development of the sector in the region. First, the meta level appears diffuse since there are no clear regional or national strategies towards the development of an insect-based food industry, and despite the tradition of entomophagy, the majority of the urbanised population have a bias against insects. However, there is a huge potential related to reviving the traditional knowledge. The macro level is characterised by a lack of local and international regulation on food safety, production and commercialisation, but there is an opportunity related to the reformed Novel Food Regulation (Regulation (EU) No. 2015/2283) that may ease the exports to the European market. In the meso level, although investment and funding of insect-based start-ups are increasing internationally, a lack of research and training institutions is noticeable in the region. Finally, the main constraints identified in the micro level are the high prices of edible insects due to an existing disrupted supply chain and the lack of technology to mass produce insects, while the main opportunity is to develop innovative products based on the traditionally-known organoleptic and functional properties of insects. Indisputably, more efforts must be done in Latin America to take a leadership in the world, boosting the local framework for producing edible insects and promoting entopreneurship. These efforts should be coordinated among all stakeholders involved in the different systemic levels: entrepreneurs, research institutions, government and the society.
FLT3 Ligand Is Dispensable for the Final Stage of Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell Differentiation
Authors: Audiger Cindy , Lesage Sylvie
Published: September 2020

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are comprised of two major subsets, type 1 cDC (cDC1) and type 2 cDC (cDC2). As each cDC subset differentially influences the nature of immune responses, we sought factors that would allow the manipulation of their relative abundance. Notably, cDC1 are less abundant than cDC2 in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. We demonstrate that this bias is already apparent in bone marrow precommitted precursors. However, comparison of five common inbred strains revealed a disparity in precursor–product relationship, in which mice with fewer precursors to cDC1 had more cDC1. This disparity associated with contrasting variations in CD135 (FLT3) expression on cDC subsets. Hence, we characterized the response to FLT3 ligand during cDC1 and cDC2 lineage differentiation and find that although FLT3 ligand is required throughout cDC2 differentiation, it is surprisingly dispensable during late-stage cDC1 differentiation. Overall, we find that tight regulation of FLT3 ligand levels throughout cDC differentiation dictates the cDC1 to cDC2 ratio in lymphoid organs.
The prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidaemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Aliu-Isah Oiza Ozioroko , Hassan-Hanga Fatima , Yahaya Isah Adagiri , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu , Aikhionbare Henry Abiodun
Published: September 2020

Prolonged administration of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) is associated with metabolic side effects, especially dyslipidaemia, with potential increase in the risk of development of cardiovascular disease as the affected children mature into adulthood. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidaemia among HIV infected children aged 2-15 years. The study was a comparative study conducted on children aged 2- 15 years attending the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Study subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recrutited using systematic sampling technique. Serum lipid profile parameters were measured on blood samples from eighty HIV-infected children on HAART and eighty HIV-infected HAART naive children as patients and controls respectively. Data was analysed using the SPSS software for Windows version16.0. P-values of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia in HIVinfected children on HAART was 62.5% (95% CI: 51.8% - 73.1%), while 52.5% (95% CI: 41.5% - 63.4%) of the HIV- infected HAART naive children also had dyslipidaemia. The risk factors associated with hypercholesterolaemia were: age at commencement of HAART less than 2 years (P<0.048; Adjusted Odds Ratio,OR, of 0.38, 95% CI:0.13-1.08) and PI- based HAART regimen (P<0.001; OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.49), while age group greater than 5 years (P<0.02; OR=2.78 (95% CI:0.76-10.23), duration of HIV diagnosis greater than one year (P<0.02 fisher’s exact) and duration of treatment on HAART for more than one year (P<0.04; OR=2.32, 95% CI:0.14-38.99) were the risk factors associated with hypertriglyceridaemia among the HIV infected children on HAART. However, on multivariate analysis, PI-based HAART regimen was the only independent predictor of hypercholesterolaemia in the HAART treated children (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.49). Duration of diagnosis greater than 1 year was associated with hypercholesterolaemia in HAART naïve HIV-infected children (P=0.05). The most common dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected children on HAART was hypertriglyceridaemia followed by hypercholesterolaemia while low HDL-cholesterol was the commonest lipid abnormality in the HIV-infected HAART naive children.
Glauco Bassi
Authors: Tessari Lorenzo
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of the monographic issue: ‘Did the Masters of the past know the future? History and update of Italian Phlebolymphology’

Guest editor: Alberto Macciò (Phlebology - Part I edited by G. Agus; Phlebology - Part II edited by P. Bonadeo; Lymphology edited by F. Boccardo)
Increasing access to intrauterine contraceptive device uptake in Ghana: stakeholders views on task sharing service delivery with community health nurses
Authors: Gbagbo Fred , Morhe Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Evidence supporting successful task sharing to increase Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD) uptake exist in some developing countries that have challenges with availability of trained health professionals. Although Community Health Nurses (CHNs) in Ghana are trained to provide primary health care including emergency deliveries in rural communities, they are not professionally mandated to provide IUD services.Objectives: To explore stakeholders’ views on task sharing IUD services with CHNs in Ghana.Methods: This qualitative case study was conducted in Accra, Ghana between June and September 2018. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from purposively selected participants. Included in the study were policy makers, policy implementing institutions, service regulators, Non-Governmental Organisations, field providers and service end users. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We manually performed thematic analysis of data and findings were appropriately described by paraphrasing and/or quoting relevant responses verbatim.Results: There is a general mixed feeling towards task sharing IUD services with community health nurses in Ghana. Policy makers, programmers, gynaecologists and IUD users interviewed believed that CHNs are capable of providing safe IUD services when well trained, adequately resourced and supervised. Based on some field experiences of complications associated with IUD insertions, participants who were midwives clearly indicated the need for effective training and careful implementation strategies.Conclusions: Despite concerns about user safety, respondents endorsed task-sharing IUD services with trained CHNs in Ghana. Implementation study focusing on competency-based IUD training for selected CHNs is recommended to provide empirical evidence to back policy decisions.Keywords: Task-sharing, IUD, Community Health Nurses, Policy, GhanaFunding: Marie Stopes Ghana funded the field work.
Psychometric testing of Ibadan low back pain disability questionnaire
Authors: Nottidge Bolanle , Akpa Matthew , Odunaiya Nse , Odole Adesola , Fawole Olufunmilayo , Akinpelu Aderonke
Published: September 2020

Background: The Ibadan Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ILBPDQ) was developed to meet the need for a LBP treatment outcome measure that was appropriate for the Nigerian culture and environment. The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of ILBPDQ.Methods: This study used the validation design. One hundred and forty-two participants with LBP (LBPPs) and 142 age and sex-matched participants without LBP (NLBPPs) were included. The LBPPs were recruited consecutively from Physiotherapy clinics of selected tertiary hospitals in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Both LBPPs and NLBPPs completed the ILBPDQ - the LBPPs completed the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The ILBPDQ was completed by 113 LBPPs two days after initial assessment. Sixty-four of the LBPPs received physiotherapy for 5-weeks, after which they were reassessed using ILBPDQ and NPRS.Results: ILBPDQ score of LBPPs was significantly higher than that of NLBPPs (construct validity) and LBPPs NPRS score correlated significantly with their ILBPDQ score (r = 0.50) at baseline and post intervention (r =0.35) (divergent validity). ILBPDQ scores at baseline and 48 hours later for LBPPs correlated significantly (Intra Class Correlation =0.80) (test re -test reliability). Cronbach’s α for ILBPDQ was 0.84 (internal consistency). The postintervention ILBPDQ and NPRS scores for LBPPs were significantly lower than their pre-intervention ILBPDQ scores (responsiveness) and NPRS scores. The changes in ILBPDQ and NPRS scores of the LBPPs correlated significantly (r =0.62) (responsiveness).Conclusion: The ILBPDQ demonstrated evidence of validity, reliability and responsiveness.Keywords: Low back pain, Functional disability, Outcome measure, Psychometric testing, NigeriaFunding: University of Ibadan Senate Research Grant.
Subjective Evaluation of Life Satisfaction by community-dwelling Spinal Cord Injury Patients Managed at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Malomo A.O. , Aminu K. , Adeolu A.A. , Adeleye A.O. , Balogun J.A. , Badejo O.A. , Shokunbi M.T. , Jegede A.S.
Published: September 2020

Background: Life satisfaction in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) population is influenced by the ability to perform social roles and engage in activities. Investigations on the psychosocial aspects of SCI in Nigeria have concentrated on the objective dimensions, while much has not been documented, qualitatively, on life satisfaction among the SCI survivors in our setting. The research focused on the subjective evaluation of well-being related to social role performance among community-dwelling adults with SCI managed at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: The study design is descriptive and qualitative data collection was utilized. Seventeen SCI patients who had been discharged home were purposively selected and interviewed via telephone. The domains of life evaluated included sexual life, marital life, and general life satisfaction. These were assessed with an interview guide intended for this purpose. Data were thematically content analysed.Results: Some participants could return to employment and perform occupational roles. The participants described their life as dissatisfactory. Dissatisfaction was reported with sexual and marital life and social interaction after SCI. Family role performance was likewise dissatisfactory. The participants’ dissatisfaction with life post-SCI was largely influenced by their internalization and interpretation of the inability to function in areas of life they perceived important.Conclusion: The subjective evaluation of life reported by persons living with permanent SCI suggests that they require more support from their families, healthcare providers and the community at large. Additionally, their psychosocial needs deserve constant monitoring by the significant others and healthcare providers in order to provide timely countermeasures.

Keywords: Life Satisfaction; Social Role; Spinal Cord Injury; Subjective Evaluation; Nigeria
Knowledge of Factors Contributing to Child Malnutrition among Mothers of Under-five Children in Sokoto Metropolis, North-West Nigeria
Authors: Raji I.A. , Abubakar A.U. , Bello M.M. , Ezenwoko A.Z. , Suleiman Z.B. , Gada A.A. , Auwal B.U. , Kaoje A.U.
Published: September 2020

Background: Malnutrition remains a killer of children, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, malnutrition is among the top five killers of children under five years of age. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of factors contributing to child malnutrition among mothers of under-fives.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 mothers of under-five children who were selected using a multistage sampling technique from January to March 2018. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS® version 20.0. Descriptive statistics, crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analysis, respectively, were estimated.Results: More than half, 198 (57.0%) were aged 40 years and below. Most, 324 (93.4%) of the respondents were Hausas, with only 45 (13.0%) having tertiary education. Majority of the respondents, 326 (93.9%) knew that diarrhoea-causing diseases could lead to malnutrition. About two-thirds, 222 (64.0%) knew that deworming could protect a child from malnutrition. Less than half, 169 (48.7%) did not know that overeating starchy food can cause malnutrition. Overall, majority 216 [62.2% (95% CI = 56.9% - 67.4%)] of the respondents had good knowledge of factors associated with malnutrition. There were no statistically significant predictors of knowledge of factors contributing to malnutrition.Conclusion: Mothers of under-five children in Sokoto metropolis had a high level of knowledge of the factors contributing to child malnutrition. However, there is still a need to continue educating mothers of under-five children on the importance of maintaining proper nutrition for their children.

Keywords: Awareness; Factors; Knowledge; Malnutrition; Mothers; Under-five