bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding practices in early infancy in Benin city, Nigeria
Authors: Akpan UJ , Ibadin MO , Abiodun PO
Published: May 2021

Background: Adequate early infant nutrition is essential for subsequent optimum growth and development of the child. Exclusive breastfeeding is the cornerstone of the best possible nutrition in early infancy.Objective: To assess current breastfeeding practices in early infancy in Benin City and further progress ( if any) that may have been made in the realisation of optimal early infant feeding practices in the locale in the preceding decade.Methods: A community-based household survey was carried out in three representative wards in Egor Local Government Area of Benin City, from June to September, 2009. Infant feeding practices were evaluated using pre-tested questionnaires on 1068 mothers of infants aged less than 12 months.Result: Five hundred and forty-six (51.1%) infants were aged less than 6 months. The Ever Breastfed Rate was 100.0% while the Timely Suckling Rate was 35.5%. The Exclusive and Predominant Breastfeeding Rates were respectively 40.7% and 30.4% while the Bottle-feeding Rate was 32.2%. Most (98.4%) mothers had correct information about exclusive breastfeeding obtained mainly from antenatal clinics and immunization centres. Factors significantly associated with EBF were high maternal education (χ2 = 9.718; p = 0.045), high socioeconomic status (χ2 = 12.910; p = 0.012), increasing maternal age (χ2 = 14.777; p = 0.022), higher parity (χ2 = 15.212; p = 0.009), delivery in hospital (χ2 = 15.079; p = 0.020) and infant’s age (χ2 = 100.482; P = 0.0001).Conclusions/Recommendations: Breastfeeding practices in Benin City have not improved much from what obtained a decade earlier. Greater emphasis on female education and socio-economic empowerment are advocated as tools for improvement. Reinvigoration of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative is also recommended to ensure continued health facility interface that would ensure community mobilisation and support for optimal breastfeeding.Key Words: Breastfeeding, Practices, Early Infancy, Benin City
Competency-based Learning: The effectiveness of targeted resident education and clinical auditing feedback on completed death certificate accuracy rates
Authors: Garba MA , Mustapha GM , Rejoice C , Mustapha B , Alhaji MA , Bello IA , Hassan AE
Published: May 2021

Background: Death certification is an integral part of physician practice, yet common errors are being encountered from this vital source of health information. Most medical training programs lack formal curricula for this important skill. Accurate information from DC will help in improve our mortality data which can be use public health purposesObjectives: This study evaluated the effect of a multifaceted educational intervention on accuracy of completing death certification in a tertiary-based paediatric residency programMethod: A pre-post intervention and control cohort study over 12- month period to assess the effect of our multifaceted intervention accuracy rate of completed DC was conducted. The intervention consisted of a 3-part program (distribution of educational material, presentation by a skilled instructor, skills workshop, and clinical mortality/auditing feedback sessions). Primary outcome was the difference in scores preand post-intervention and also the rate of accuracy on the MAHI death certificate scoring system.Results: The mean score before the intervention was 6.8±2.7 and 7.1±2.3 in both the intervention and control cohorts respectively. The mean score after the intervention was 16.3±2.5 and 7.3±2.8 in both the intervention and control cohorts respectively indicating an increase in scores. The mean difference in pre- and post-tutorial scores was significant (t=20.39, p=0.0001).Conclusions: We found that using a multifaceted educational intervention to train junior physicians on how to correctly complete a DC was effective in a residency-based pediatric programKeywords: Death certificate, medical education, multifaceted training, heath information, Nigeria.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Jaja T , Yarhere IE
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) in children and adolescents is on the increase, therefore, prevention and early detection are important.Objective: To assess for easily identifiable risk factors (overweight/obesity, hypertension, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and family history of diabetes) for T2DM in adolescents in public secondary schoolsResult: Eight hundred and eighty adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were screened and 124(14.1%) were overweight/obese. 457 (51.9%) of students had none of the risk factors while 272(30.9%) had at least one risk factor. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria for identification of those at risk for T2DM, 21(2.4%) were identified. The frequency of presence of risk factors was more in females (3.3%), mid adolescent age group (3.1%) and those with positive family history of diabetes. These findings were however not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant association between presence of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose and risk factor for type 2 DM.Conclusion: The significant risk factors identified in this study were prehypertension/hypertension and impaired fasting blood glucose.Key words: Adolescence, Risk factors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Envenomation secondary to facial snake bite: Report of a rare occurrence
Authors: Belonwu RO , Gwarzo GD
Published: May 2021

In Nigeria, snake bite envenoming has remained a significant health problem. Most snake bites in Nigeria and elsewhere predominantly involve the limbs (upper and lower) but may involve other areas of the body depending on time and posture. Our index patient is a rare case of snake bite that involved the face while the child was asleep at night in a rural Fulani village, Nigeria. The challenges to the child’s management which included late presentation to the hospital and non availability of antisnake venom underscores the need for greater commitment on the part of government at various levels to stock and subsidise the price of antisnake venom in snake- bite prone areas.Keywords: snake, envenoming, face.
Sydenham’s chorea in a Nigerian girl: A case report
Authors: Ezenwa BN , Njokanma F
Published: May 2021

Sydenham chorea is a major manifestation of Rheumatic fever (RF). Chorea occurs primarily in children and is rare after the age of 20 years. Females are more often affected and it almost never occurs in post-pubertal males. Sydenham’s chorea is characterized by emotional lability, uncoordinated and erratic movements, and muscular weakness. The choreiform movements can be a source of irritation or a severe functional disability to the individual requiring appropriate management. The rarity of documentation of SC in sub-Saharan Africa raises the possibility of missed or misdiagnosis. We present the case of a 13 year old girl whose SC was initially misdiagnosed and conclude that though uncommon in Sub-Saharan Africa, SC requires proper diagnosis and prompt medical attention.
Socio-economic status, lifestyle and childhood obesity in Gombe.
Authors: Alkali YS , Ambe JP , Sabin M , Zacharin M
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood obesity is a complex condition resulting from an interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and socio-economic status. The prevalence has been increasing all over the world, probably due to economic transition and rapid urbanization as well as globalisation. This relationship should be well established for Improved Health Planning in Gombe State and Nigeria.Objectives: To establish the prevalence of Childhood Obesity and it`s relationship with the Socio-Economic Status of Parents and guardians.Methodology: Anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents in both public and private schools from primary to secondary levels were taken and their BMI calculated. The socioeconomic statuses of their parents, as well as the lifestyle of the children were assessed.Results: Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in children whose parents belonged to the middle and upper socio-economic class; these children had televisions and computers in their rooms and were driven to schoolConclusion: The picture is completely the reverse of what is obtainable in the developed and industrialised nations where overweight and obesity are more prevalent in children of the lower socio-economic class. Authors` contribution: The first author is the lead researcher and is a staff of Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe while the second author, a staff of University of Maiduguri is the first supervisor who gave guidelines and made corrections. The second and the third authors are members of staff of the University of Melbourne in Australia; the third author provided a template on which the questionaire was based while the fourth author who is also the second supervisor, is a tutor of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology; she facilitated the acceptance of the proposal and the sponsorship for the research. The research was carried out in Gombe, the capital of Gombe State in North Eastern NigeriaKeywords: Socio-Economic, Childhood, Obesity, Nigeria
Accidental sulphuric acid poisoning in a newborn
Authors: Abdulkadir I , Hassan L , Abdullahi F , Akeredolu FD , Purdue S , Okpe M , Sobowale AM , Adewumi OA , Abdullahi U , Onadiran MA , Sholadoye TT , Baba S , Ogala WN
Published: May 2021

A six hour old baby girl presented with shortness of breath and haematemesis five hours after accidental ingestion of sulfuric acid. We report the clinical presentation of corrosive ingestion in a neonate a rare and sparsely reported occurrence at such tender age.Key words: Acid ingestion, corrosives injuries, caustic substances, chemical ingestion, newborn.
Evaluation of Jaundice meter in the assessment of jaundice among Nigerian preterm neonates
Authors: Kayode-Adedeji BO , Owa JA , Akpede GO , Alikah SO
Published: May 2021

Background: The objective assessment of the severity of neonatal jaundice is Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) determination, which requires multiple blood sampling. This has inherent problems, including risks of anaemia and infection. Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry (TcB) is a reliable, non-invasive alternative, however there is paucity of data on its performance in black preterm neonates.Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) among Nigerian preterm neonates, and to determine the parameters affecting the relationship.Method: Jaundiced preterm neonates delivered between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation admitted at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Nigeria were recruited . The TSB levels were determined by spectrophotometry while the corresponding TcB levels were obtained using Jaundice Meter (JM-103). The neonates were stratified into gestational age and birth weight groups.Results: A total of 189 paired TcB and TSB levels were obtained from 60 neonates. The Mean (sd) TcB level of 11.4 (3.1) mg/dl was significantly higher than the mean TSB level of 10.2 (2.8)mg/dl (p= 0.028). The overall correlation coefficient between TcB and TSB was 0.98 and it was not significantly affected by the gestational age, birth weight and bilirubin levels.Conc lusion: Transcutneous bilirubin strongly correlates with total serum bilirubin levels among Nigerian preterm neonates, irrespective of gestational age, birth weight and the degree of jaundice.Keywords: hyperbiliruinaemia, jaundice meter, Nigerian, preterm, neonates, transcutaneous bilirubinometry
Evaluation of the preparedness of the children’s emergency rooms (CHER) in Southern Nigeria for service delivery
Authors: Paul NI , Edelu BO
Published: May 2021

Background: The Children Emergency Room (CHER) is the first point of call for many sick children. A significant proportion of childhood and under five deaths in tertiary institutions takes place in the CHER. There is thus need for a high level skilled manpower and infrastructure in the CHER in readiness for service delivery.Objective: To assesses the preparedness of the children emergency room in tertiary institutions in southern Nigeria to successful management of children presenting to the emergency rooms.Methods: This study was a cross sectional, descriptive multicentre study carried out among nine Tertiary Hospitals in Southern Nigeria. Three tertiary hospitals were randomly selected from each of the three Geo political zones (South-South, South- East and South -West) in Southern Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about the Children Emergency Rooms in these hospitals. The obtained data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 21 and is presented as table.Results: All the centres have an emergency room. The number of doctors in CHER ranged from 7 to 22 while the number of nurses ranged from 10 to 24 persons with a nurse: bed ratio of 1:3-15. In all the centres, the CHER had a side laboratory, well stocked emergency drug shelf, pulse oximeters, oxygen cylinders, electrical and manual suction machines, ambu bags and nebulizers. However, none of the centres has functional manual defibrillator or an Automated External Defibrillator (AED). In 5 (55.6%) of the studied centres, the doctors and nurses have training on emergency triage. Also 5 (55.6%) centres have doctors with certification in emergency care, but none of the nurses in all the centres have any certification in emergency care. Three (33.3%) centres had staff trained with skills on the use of AED while in 4(44.4%) centres they were skilled on the use of manual defibrillators. All the centres have a waiting area for patients’ relatives but only one (11.1%) has a television installed. All the CHERs have toilet facilities for patients relatives but only 5 (55.6%) have bathrooms. Running water is regularly available in the toilets of only 4 (44.4%) of the centres.Conclusion/Recommendation: We conclude that limitation abounds with regards to personnel, high technology infrastructure, personnel skill and patient friendly infrastructure. It is recommended that concerted efforts should be made by the government and all key players to make available the necessary equipment and facilities and ensure that health personnel acquire the necessary skills so that the standard of practice in our tertiary hospitals will be comparable to international best practices.
Impact of a child -friendly clinic on retention of HIV-infected children in care: an intervention study
Authors: Ugwu OR
Published: May 2021

Background: Certain researchers have reported that a child-friendly clinic may improve patient/caregiver satisfaction at clinic attendance. This could serve as an innovation for reducing loss-to-follow up and increasing retention in care.Aim: To assess the impact of making the clinic more child-friendly on clinic experience, retention in care and loss-to-follow up of HIV -infected children.Method: The study was carried out in three phases. Phase one was a satisfaction survey to find out the patient/caregivers’ satisfaction of the clinic environment and services provided using a selfadministered questionnaire. Phase two was the creation of the childfriendly environment and phase three was a post-provision of child-friendly clinic satisfaction survey. The loss-to-follow up rate (failure to return to clinic ≥3months after the last scheduled clinic appointment in a child not known to be dead or transferred out of the facility) and retention rate (remaining alive and receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy) were also determined before and after setting up the childfriendly clinic.Results: There were 146 respondents before the study and 206 respondents after the intervention. The retention rate increased from 62.5% to 82% (p=0.02), while the loss-to-follow up rate dropped from 27.7% to 7.0% (p=0.00).Conclusion: Making the clinic area child-friendly can impact greatly on HIV care by improving patient satisfaction and retention of HIVinfected children in care and reducing loss-to-follow up.Key words: HIV, child-friendly environment, retention in care, loss to follow-up.
Relationship of socio-economic status and childhood cancer: an in-hospital cross-sectional study in a developing country
Authors: Brown BJ , Adeleye AO
Published: May 2021

Background: Socioeconomic factors are known to affect health quality, disease occurrence as well as health-seeking behaviors in several ways.Objectives: To determine the influence of socio-economic factors on awareness of cancer, healthseeking behaviors among parents of children with cancer in a developing country and occurrence of cancer using Burkitt lymphoma as index malignancy.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved children with cancer seen over a 2-year period in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Information was obtained by interview through administration of a questionnaire and retrieval of clinical data from patients’ case notes.Results: The caregivers of 91 children (46 boys, 45 girls) were interviewed including 86 biological parents. Majority (84.6%) of the children belonged to the low socio -economic classes 3-5; 45 of 86 parents (52.3%), more likely in parents from higher socioeconomic classes, were aware of cancer but only 7 (8.1%) knew it could occur in children. There was no association between Burkitt lymphoma and socio-economic class. Twenty-eight (30.8%) parents of the 91 children visited alternate sources of health care, most commonly traditional healers, followed by religious centers. There was no association between visits to such centers and the parents’ socio-economic status or with presentation with metastatic disease.Conclusions: Awareness of childhood cancer is low among this cohort of parents; their socioeconomic status seems to impact on this level of awareness but not on their health-seeking behaviors for their affected children. Focused health education is needed to increase childhood cancer awareness and appropriate healthseeking behavior among the population studied.Key words: socio-economic; childhood; cancer; health-seeking; behaviour; awareness
Socio-economic variables of children with undernutrition and their controls in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria
Authors: Abdullahi S.M. , Yakubu A.M. , Bugaje M.A. , Akuyam S.M.
Published: May 2021

Background: Low socio-economic and educational levels of parents are important risk factors for under-nutrition in children. The distribution ofhealth and diseases in childhood had been shown to be strongly influenced by the social characteristics like occupation and educational attainment. The aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic status among children with Protein Energy Malnutrition and the Controls in Zaria usingthe modification of the method earlier used by Oyedeji.
Method: This study was a case control health- based descriptive study to determine the socioeconomic and demographic variables in  undernourished children in Zaria. Using systematic sampling method, a total of 132 children (cases and controls) between 6 and 59 months of age were selected for assessment of socioeconomic and demographic variables.
Results: Nineteen (28.8%) of the study group belong to social class III as compared to 12 (18.2%) for the controls. As for the educational levels of the parents, among the cases, 28 (42.4%) had Islamic education, 25 (37.9%) had secondary education, 10 (15.1%), 2 (3.0%) and 1 (1.5%) had primary,  tertiary and no formal education respectively. For the controls, 7 (10.6%) had Islamic education, 34 (51.5%) had secondary education, 13 (19.7%) and 12 (18.1%) had primary and tertiary education respectively. There was none with no formal education, The statistical analysis showed significant  difference (P= 0.0009) between cases and controls for maternal educational levels only among the demographic data.
Conclusion: This study has been able to establish low socio- economic factors among undernourished children studied.
Keywords: Under-nutrition, socioeconomic factors, educational levels, children
Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 as seen in a tertiary institution in South-East Nigeria: A case report
Authors: Daniyan O.W. , Ezeanosike O.B. , Ogbonna-Nwosu C. , Iloduba U.C.
Published: May 2021

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a lethal form of skeletal dysplasia seen in neonates. The word ‘thanatophoric’ is derived from the Greek word  thanatophorus meaning death bringing. Thanatophoric dysplasia results from mutations within the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene which is located on chromosome 4p16.3. A female neonate with dysmorphic features such as macrocephaly, frontal bossing, periorbital  swelling and depressed nasal bridge was delivered to a 35year old woman. The upper and lower limbs were short with excessive skin folds. A case of female neonate with thanatophoric dysplasia is hereby reported to raise awareness of this condition and to describe the features of thanatophoric dysplasia seen in this patient .
Key words: Thanatophoric Dysplasia (TD), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Gene (FGFR3), dysmorphic, macrocephaly
Economic burden of acute watery diarrhoea in children aged 6 – 36 months presenting to a tertiary hospital in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Ofora V.C. , Ezechukwu C.C. , Ebenebe J.C. , Elo-Ilo J.C.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Globally,acute watery diarrhoea is amajor cause of childhood morbidityand mortality. It is the fourthleading cause of death in childrencontributing as high as 11% of allchildhood deaths. In Nigeria,acute watery diarrhoea causes240,106 deaths per year. Out ofpocket expenditure is a majorsource of healthcare funding inNigeria, hence treatment of acutewatery diarrhoea places extra financialburden on the familiesespecially those in the low socioeconomicclass.Objective: To determine the costof treatment of acute watery diarrhoeain children aged 6 to 36months.Methodology: This was a crosssectional study conducted on children aged 6-36 months who presented with acute watery diarrhoea from January through October 2017. Data obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire, included sociodemography, duration of illness, treatment cost of the index diarrhoeal episode before presenting to our facility, transportation cost, food and other incidental cost, duration of hospitalization. Diagnostic tests requested and medications prescribed were obtained from the patient’s medical file. Information on drug cost, diagnostic test cost and hospital bed day cost were obtained from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) central pharmacy, NAUTH main laboratoryand account section respectively. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis.
Result: Seventy two patients were recruited for the study, of whom 47(65.0%) were males giving a male female ratio of 1.9:1. Forty eight (66.6%) of the study participants belonged to the lower socioeconomic class while 22(30.6%) and 2(2.8%) belonged to the middle and upper socioeconomic  class respectively. A mean total treatment post per diarrhoea episode derived from this study was # 37,572.2 ± #12,479.0 which at the time of the study was equivalent to US$ 104.7 ± US$ 34.8. This is well above the then Nigerian minimum monthly wage of 18,000.0 (US$ 50.1).
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the economic burden of acute watery diarrhoea is quite enormous especially to the low socio-economic group. Prevention and improvement of home treatment of diarrhoea may reduce the treatment cost.
Key words: Acute watery diarrhoea, Cost, Children, Hospital
Newborn cord care practices amongst mothers in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
Authors: Ochoga M.O. , Michael A. , Ikuren I. , Abah R.O. , Abdallah R. , Dabit O.J.
Published: May 2021

Background: Omphalitis is a neonatal infection resulting from unhygienic care of the umbilical cord.In 2014, the World Health Organization issued a new recommendation; the application Of daily Chlorhexidine gel to the umbilical stump. The aim of this study was to determine cord care practices common amongst mothers in Makurdi Local Government area of Benue State in North Central Nigeria.
Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out at the well-baby Immunization Clinic of the Benue State University Teaching hospital (BSUTH) and the Immunization Clinic at the Epidemiology unit of the Benue State Ministry of Health both in Makurdi Local Government area of Benue State from April to July 2018.Subjects were mothers presenting with their babies at these clinics during the study period. Information was collected using a structured intervieweradministered questionnaire.
Results: Three hundred and ninetyeight mother-infant pairs participated in this study. Of the infants the males were 205 (51.5%) while the females were 193 (48.5%); they were aged 1-16 days with mean age of 4.29±2.37 days. Two hundred and seventy-two (68.3%) mothers had their babies’ cords cleaned with methylated spirit alone while 11 (2.8%) cleaned with methylated spirit and another substance. The commonest substance applied to cord after cleaning was Vaseline 58(14.6%).
Conclusion: The use of methylated spirit for cord care is high among mothers in Makurdi, the uptake of Chlorhexidine as recommended by WHO is significantly very low and this calls for more concerted efforts in educating mothers about the use of Chlorhexidine for cord care.
Key words: Chlorhexidine, Cord care, Mothers, Newborn, Practices,
Android İşletim Sistemlerinde Zaman Tabanlı İzin Yaklaşımı ile Saldırı Önleme Sistemi
Authors: BEDİR Halil İbrahim , ZAİM Abdül Halim , AYDIN Muhammed Ali
Published: May 2021

Pazarın1 %72.2’ni oluşturan Android işletim sistemi, en çok tercih edilen ve kullanılan mobil işletim sistemidir. Kullanıcılar, birçok platformdan farklı uygulamaları bu işletim sistemine rahatlıkla kurabilir. Akıllı cihazlar son zamanlarda çok fazla özel kullanıcı bilgisini taşıdığından dolayı daha çok siber saldırıların hedefi haline gelmiştir. Andorid işlem sistemi, uygulamaların mobil cihazda ulaşabileceği alanları kısıtlamak, özel kullanıcı bilgisi olan konum, kamera, şifre ve rehber gibi kullanıcı gizliliğini korumak için birçok izin çeşidi kullanır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut izin kontrol sistemindeki eksiklikleri göstermek için kötü amaçlı bir uygulama üretilmiştir ve bu uygulama üzerinden birkaç siber saldırı gerçekleştirildi. Bu sorunların sebebinin, kullanıcıların istenen izinlerin niyetini tam olarak anlamadığından ve mevcut izin sisteminin kullanıcıya başka izin onaylama seçenekleri önerememesinden dolayı olduğu görülmüştür. Daha sonra, uygulama çalıştırırken kullanıcının ilgili fonksiyonu ne kadar zaman kullandığını belirleyerek daha kolay izin kontrolü sağlayabilen, müdahaleci olmayan, iznin süresini belirleyen zaman tabanlı bir izin kontrol sistemi önerilir.
Advisor Programıyla Hibrit Elektrikli Taşıtlarda Batarya Analizi
Authors: KUŞDOĞAN Şule , ÖZEN Büşra
Published: May 2021

Dünyada daha verimli, sürdürülebilir ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı arayışı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Doğal olarak otomobil endüstrisi yeniden elektrikli taşıtlara yönelmiştir. Elektrikli taşıtların tekrardan üretilmeye başlaması ve piyasada bu taşıtlara talebin artması bilimsel çalışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir. Elektrikli taşıtlardaki en önemli parametrelerden biri olan batarya sistemleri bu çalışmalardan bir tanesidir. Bir taşıtta bataryanın oluşturulmasından önce sistemsel olarak analizinin yapılması maliyet ve güvenlik açısından çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada hibrit elektrikli taşıtlarda kullanılan batarya sitemlerinin ADVISOR programı aracılığıyla analizi yapılmıştır. Seçilen farklı türde bataryalar seri ve paralel hibrit elektrikli taşıtlarda simüle edilerek ortaya çıkan sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar çalışma içerisinde paylaşılmıştır.
Effect of bismuth addition on the corrosion dynamics of Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu solder alloy in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: ERER Ahmet Mustafa
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to investigate the effect of bismuth addition on the corrosion behaviour of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu (SAC 305) solder alloy in 1M HCl acid solution under potentiodynamic polarization. After electrochemical tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to examine the properties of the samples. Polarization studies indicated that an addition of 0.5, 1, and 2 wt.% Bi in the SAC305 solder alloy doesn't lead to significantly different corrosion potentials. Instead of a true passivation region, a pseudo-passivation region is observed in which currents are nearly constant (though high). This pseudo-passive region does not have a reactivation point within the scanning interval. Corrosion rates, on the other hand, follow a pattern in which 1 wt.% bismuth replacement of silver causes a drop-in corrosion rate. With the further replacement of silver with bismuth, however, the corrosion rate increases. Microstructure analysis reveals the existence of gaps and porosities which introduce limits on the formation and stability of protective passive corrosion products.
Comments on “The Solution of a Mathematical Model for Dengue Fever Transmission Using Differential Transformation Method: J. Nig. Soc. Phys. Sci. 1 (2019) 82-87”
Authors: Tuteja Gurpreet , Singh Tapshi
Published: May 2021

The mathematical model for dengue fever transmission studied by [1], has been re-investigated. The differential transformation method (DTM) is used to compute the semi-analytical solutions of the non-linear differential equations of the compartment (SIR) model of dengue fever. This epidemiology problem is well-posed. The effect of treatment as a control measure is studied through the growth equations of exposed and infected humans. The inadvertent errors in the recurrence relations (DTM) of equations for dengue disease transmission including initial conditions have been removed. Furthermore, the semi-analytic solutions of the model are obtained and verified with the built-in function AsymptoticDSolveValue of Wolfram Mathematica. It has been found that results obtained from the DTM are valid only for small-time t (t < 1.5), as t becomes large, the human population (exposed and recovered) and infected vector population become negative.
Lattice Dynamics and thermodynamic Responses of XNbSn Half-Heusler Semiconductors: A First-Principles Approach
Authors: O. E. Osafile  , O. N. Nenuwe
Published: May 2021

In this work, we have evaluated how CoNbSn, IrNbSn, and RhNbSn half Heusler alloys respond to temperature change and the accompanying lattice vibrations as a cubic crystal. There are reports in the literature for CoNbSn with which we compared our result; there are, however, no reports for the other two alloys except for their Debye temperature obtained via machine learning, and our results compare well. Considering that results in the literature for IrNbSn and RhNbSn are scanty, we first computed the alloys' structural and electronic properties to establish their structural stability using the density functional theory and generalised gradient approximation as implemented in the quantum espresso computational suite. We confirmed the equilibrium lattice structure by exploring the three possibilities for a half Heusler alloy and fitting the results to the state's Murnaghan equation. The negative formation energies obtained supports experimental simulation of the alloys. Results from the lattice dynamics and thermodynamic evaluation show that the alloys favour ionic bonding and are ductile. The Debye temperature positions IrNbSn to be the most promising material for thermoelectric application because it has the least Debye temperature; hence it is supposed to have the lowest thermal conductivity. The Dulong-Petit law is obeyed at high temperature as expected. The phonon dispersion and density of states show that the d orbitals of Co and Nb are the significant contributors to the dispersions at both the acoustic and optical modes of the alloys.
Characterizations of Galena as Potential Photosensitizer in a Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Akinsola Ibukun , Alabi Aderemi Babatunde  , Adedayo Kayode Seun  , Coppede Nicola
Published: May 2021

Dye is one of the principal parts for high power conversion efficiency in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Conspicuous developments have taken place via the work of several researchers in the engineering of novel dye structures so as to enhance the performance of the system. The properties of a natural mineral dye were studied in this work. The structure of the dye was determined and discovered to have contains constituents that could enhance better absorption of solar radiation for use in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The Lead sulphide and iron content of the mineral dye studied as revealed by the X-Ray diffraction analysis done suggest this. The X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) done revealed that the concentration of Lead and Iron (Fe) is high as compared to other elements present in the material, probably as a result of the fact that it is a geological sample (of the earth) and which may even suggest its colour and hence makes it absorbs solar radiation of visible region at its wavelength (around 380 nm – 800 nm).  The functional groups present in the dye as obtained from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are the Amine, Carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups, all of which confirm the suitability of the dye material in photosensitizing a semiconductor in a DSSC. The absorption spectra of the dye within the visible region of electromagnetic radiation show that the material has high, increased, and stable absorption of visible light which is suggesting a more durable natural dye for a DSSC than the easily degraded natural dyes of plants source.
Corrigendum to "Effect of benzophenone on the physicochemical properties of N-CNTs synthesized from 1-ferrocenylmethyl (2-methylimidazole) catalyst" [J. Nig. Soc. Phys. Sci. 2 (2020) 205-217]
Authors: Labulo Ayomide Hassan , Elijah Temitope Adesuji  , Charles Ojiefoh Oseghale  , Elias Emeka Elemike  , Adamu Usman  , Akinola Kehinde Akinola  , Enock Olugbenga Dare
Published: May 2021

In the acknowledgment section of this article, the first and second sentences that read “This research was financially supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) South Africa. We are grateful to the School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) for creating a conducive research laboratory for this work” should have read “The authors acknowledge the School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) for creating a conducive research laboratory for this work”. In addition, the sentence that reads “Ayomide is grateful to Prof. Vincent Nyamori, Prof. Bernand Omondi, and Mrs. Rashidat Labulo for proofreading this manuscript” should have read “Ayomide is grateful to Mrs. Rashidat Labulo for proofreading this manuscript”.
DOI of the original article: 10.46481/jnsps.2020.105
Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Plant Monitoring System
Authors: Dr.M.Vidhyalakshmi., H.Peer oli., N.Hemakumari., S.Bismillah Khan & Dr.C.Priya
Published: May 2021

In this work, we have a tendency to gift a plantation observance system supported web of Things. The
system combines wireless detector network, embedded development, GPRS communication technology, net
service, and automaton mobile platform. The hardware style of detector nodes, data acquisition, knowledge
transmission, beside knowledge image and abnormal alarm ar mentioned well. Long-term experiment of the
system shows that the theme is possible and reliable.
Ultra Low Frequency Wide Band Low Pass Active Filter for Bio-Medical Applications Simulated on Cadence tool
Authors: Shiksha Jain & Raj Kumar Tiwari
Published: May 2021

An ultra low frequency wide band low pass active filter is designed and simulated on 180nm cadence
virtuoso tool for biomedical applications in this paper. This proposed designed low pass active filter is being
able to stop low frequency signal of µHz and can pass up to Hz using the CMOS nanotechnology. This is a
second order low pass active filter. It can be useful to identify the human disease by detecting ultra low
frequency bio-signal. The simulated result shows ultra low power consumption of 200pW with high
bandwidth at 1mV input supply.
Implementation and Optimal Control of DC Microgrid
Authors: Ohm Vignesh V & Dr. Latha Mercy E
Published: May 2021

The degradation of non-renewable energy resources has been increasing widely. The objective of this
research is to effectively utilize solar power using DC microgrid technology. Compared with AC microgrids,
DC microgrids obtain some advantages and more suitable to access distributed power sources. A
methodology “Plug and Play” approach based on the “System of Systems” philosophy controls
interconnecting several elements to a DC microgrid. The main aim of this research work is to supply the
power to the critical load at any condition. When power availability is less, the non-critical load will be cut
down to manage the critical load. In this system, solar array, AC grid (EB), and battery are used as sources
and are connected to the buck converter for power conditioning.
EXAMINE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE PROCEDURE AND PRINCIPLES OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
Authors:   MSc STUDENT, Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Ogun State, Department Of Political Science, Olaniyi Iyanuoluwa F.
Published: May 2021

The international criminal court started from something called the Rome statute, which had to be signed by states who want to become member states of the ICC. After the agreement of states to join the international court, the court began to resume its duty gradually, by trying individuals for war crimes and crimes against humanity. The main reason for the creation of the international criminal court is to investigate, punish and try people who have been accused of serious war crimes and crimes against humanity. The ICC tries powerful individuals who oppress weaker states or weak people who do not have a voice and the court helps them get justice. The ICC works like any other court and follows a procedure. There are lawyers and there are judges. However, the ICC does not possess the police force but when they want to investigate, they do so using the forces of member states. The theory adopted for this study is liberalism which is a theory that supports human rights and checks and balances which the international criminal court also supports. This paper concludes by stating why the international criminal court should not stop its global service, and why the international criminal court should keep on investigating afghan and the USA despite the obstacles the court is currently facing.
Gilberto Freyre e Walter Pater: violência e conservadorismo político atravessados pelo sagrado
Authors: Coelho Claudio Marcio , Rodrigues Marcia Barros Ferreira
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho, discutimos a repercussão da pequena narrativa literária The Child in the House (1878), do escritor inglês Walter Pater, na formação do cientista social Gilberto Freyre, no período que se inicia com seus estudos universitários nos Estados Unidos, em 1918, até a publicação de sua obra-mestra Casa-Grande & Senzala, em 1933. A partir da “circularidade das ideias”, conforme propõe Carlo Ginzburg, e a concepção de “apetite pelo sagrado”, do cientista político Gisálio Cerqueira Filho, da Universidade Federal Fluminense, discutimos como a dimensão do sagrado circulou entre as obras de Walter Pater e Gilberto Freyre, e foi apropriada pelo pensador brasileiro, orientando a construção de sua narrativa histórica, bem como sua predileção por temáticas que estão correlacionadas à estética (desejo de beleza) e religião (desejo de redenção). Discutimos como o sagrado invade, circula e atravessa a produção intelectual de Gilberto Freyre, no período supracitado.
Reliability and Failures of Electronic Components /Systems
Authors: BĂJENESCU Titu-Marius
Published: May 2021

The typical bathtub curve and its “standard” shape have been widely accepted as an engineering tool in reliability management and training. The paper is not only focused on the performance at different periods but trying to reveal some in-depth considerations regarding service life and reliability, defect and failure, failure categories and classifications, failure mechanisms, factors favouring electronic systems failures, the process problems, or the passivation layer.
The Islamic Education Through Scientific Approach
Authors: Suradi Ahmad , Nilawati Nilawati , Aryati Ani
Published: May 2021

This article aims to reveal that the learning of Islamic education and scientific-based character is an attempt to neutralize the assumptions about the inability of teachers to develop students to their full potential. Likewise, the assumptions about the learning of Islamic education and manners only have ritual, ethical and moral dimensions so that students can verbally understand the teachings of Islam and are skilled at implementing them, but they do not appreciate the depth of their meaning. This research is qualitative; the informants are religious teachers and students through interview and observation techniques. The research results show that implementing Islamic education and character education through a scientific approach explores the field to find concrete examples of how to empathize with others and be devoted to parents and teachers. Furthermore, learning with a scientific approach, especially on students' character matter, has promising implications for shaping student morals for the better. It is because students are required to practice directly the phenomena that arise from the existing learning material. Therefore, experiments carried out through observation and making simple reports and then discussed in class groups are practical approaches to remember, understand,  and practice the messages in the material delivered.
Natural Resources, Institutional Quality and Financial Development in GCC Member Countries: Visiting ‘Resource Curse Hypothesis’ by DCCE Estimation
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Hussain Sadam
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of the study is to check whether natural resource rent affects the financial development or supporting the resource curse hypothesis by employing a recently developed estimation technique by Chudik and Pesaran (2015) from 1985 to 2017 in GCC member countries. The novelty of this methodology is to consider structural breaks and the heterogeneity issues that are common in panel data. The results of DCCE estimates are in support of the resource hypothesis that natural resource rent hurt financial development.  Additionally, this study takes moderation of institutional quality to check the threshold point or turning point where the natural resource rent effect becomes positive. Our results of interaction term postulate that a higher level of institutional quality mitigates the adverse effect of natural resource rent on financial development. The study results recommend the policy of natural resource rent in the presence of high institutional quality should continue because it improves the financial development in GCC member countries.
Time Impact on Residue in a Non-homogeneous Equation of Statics in the Theory of Elastic Mixture
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Niger Delta University, Nigeria, Ndiwari Ebikiton
Published: May 2021

Residual stress in continuum has not been quantified because time relationship with residues has not been proven analytically. This is achieved in this paper by analyzing a two component mixture with the non-homogeneous equation of statics in the theory of elastic mixture, and second order differential equations with variable coefficients. A dry mixture of sand and cement is transformed into a continuum, which is been determined as an entire or a meromorphic function, as a result of the existence of residues that are contained in the principal component of the mixture obtained directly from the earth. The time relationship with residue, in these two functions are determined. Our result shows that time places a limit on residues, making the meromorphic function prone to implosion..
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Artis atas Penggunaan Potret dalam Cover Novel Fanfiksi
Authors: Dewanti Paramita Cahyaning , Tektona Rahmadi Indra
Published: May 2021

Intellectual Property Rights translated from Intellectual Property Right are the right to do something on the intellectual property which is regulated by applicable norms or laws. The purpose of this thesis research consists of general objectives and specific objectives, namely to find out and analyze the form of legal protection for Portraits, legal consequences, and efforts to resolve Portrait disputes. The research method includes the juridical - normative research type, while the research approach used is the statute approach. The result of this research is that portrait work is one of the copyrighted works protected by copyright law. which is contained in article 40 paragraph 1. This protection is given to the creator, namely the photographer and the copyright holder is the person photographed. This protection is given to motivate and encourage the creativity of creators who can create economic growth based on the scope of art, literature and science and provide an understanding to the public that portrait works are protected by law No. 28 of 2014 concerning copyright, where there is a prohibition for other people. use the copyright work arbitrarily without the permission of the creator or copyright holder. Acts of violating the copyright of Portrait's works that are used commercially without rights can be sued civil or criminal or can be done both, but if you want to do both, you must prioritize civil settlement then criminally. but the verdict of his civil case cannot waive his criminal sentence. Then to resolve the dispute, it can be done by litigation and also in non-litigation, namely dispute resolution by negotiation, mediation, and arbitration.
Общая характеристика предварительного следствия в республике Узбекистан
Authors: Коленко Евгений , Мамбеткулова Маржона
Published: May 2021

Уголовный процесс — особая сфера взаимоотношений между личностью и государством. Специфика этих взаимоотношений проявляется, в первую очередь, в определенном неравноправии гражданина и сложной системы государственной машины, причем это равно относимо как к обвиняемому (подсудимому), так и к потерпевшему. Этим, кстати, определяется важное значение изучения предварительного следствия, особенностей порядка его реализации. Актуальность исследования в настоящей научной статье также обусловлена тем, что несмотря на практическую применимость института предварительного следствия в Узбекистане, его теоретическая составляющая, охват наибольшего количества аспектов его проведения на данный момент недостаточны.
Typomorphic properties of kimberlite indicator minerals and their use in forecasting diamond deposits on the Siberian Platform
Authors: ZINCHUK NIKOLAI
Published: May 2021

The results of mantle nodule investigations in kimberlite diatremes of the main Siberian Platform diamondiferous regions were analyzed. Morphology and chemistry of garnets, chrome-diopsides, clinopyroxenes, olivines, picro-ilmenites, chromites, chrome-spinellids and diamonds were investigated in detail. Generally, the quantity of diamond association minerals is proportional to diamond potential of a certain kimberlite variety for each type of kimberlite rocks composing pipes.