bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broiler production systems in Ghana: economics and the impact of frozen chicken imports
Authors: Chibanda Craig , Almadani Mohamad Isam , Thobe Petra , Wieck Christine
Published: April 2022

Chicken meat consumption in Ghana has significantly increased in the last two decades. However, production has stagnated, and domestic producers are struggling to satisfy the local market. Consequently, Ghana is dependent on chicken imports. The imports have attracted criticism as they are believed to be negatively affecting producers. This paper uses typical farms to analyze broiler production systems in Ghana and the impact of chicken imports. The typical farms represent the most common broiler production systems in the most important producing regions (Accra, Kumasi, and Dormaa). Large-scale integrated, medium-scale, and small-scale production systems were identified as the most common broiler production systems. The study demonstrates that feed and day-old chick costs are the most significant production cost items. The study also shows that broiler production is profitable for all systems when only considering cash-costs. Medium-scale farms located in Dormaa are unprofitable in the medium and long-term, when depreciation and opportunity costs are reflected, respectively. Cost comparisons show that imports make it difficult for broiler producers to market their chickens in the local market throughout the whole year. Therefore, broiler production in Ghana is seasonal. Furthermore, small-scale producers are the most negatively affected by the competition from the imports.
Improving the management of cervical chyle leak following neck dissection: A case series of management algorithm; 10 years clinical experience with Video Assisted Thoracoscopy and Thoracic Duct Ligation
Authors: Al-lami Ali , Shamil Eamon , Nixon Iain , Jeannon Jean-Pierre , Bille Andrea , Harrison-Phipps Karen , Simo Ricard
Published: April 2022

Key points instead of abstract as per author guidelines: • Chyle leaks
(CLs) following neck dissection for metastatic head and neck malignancy
are infrequent but represent a serious complication, with an incidence
of 1-2.5%. • CL is associated with significant morbidity including
metabolic imbalance, immunosuppression, dehydration, poor wound healing
and prolonged length of hospital stay. • A protocolised approach to the
management of CL post neck dissections is highlighted for expedient
patient management. • Thoracic duct (TD) ligation using video-assisted
thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is an effective method of treating moderate
(500-1000ml/24 hours) to high-volume CL (>1000ml/24 hours)
not responding to medical therapy. • VATS TD ligation is a safe
procedure to treat CL. It has a low morbidity compared to other surgical
techniques (neck re-exploration or open thoracotomy).
Diagnognis and treatment of masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis hyperplasia as a temporomandibular joint hypomobility disorder: Five case series and surgical technical notes
Authors: Ouchi Chisato , Ohga Noritaka , Satoh Chiharu , Sakata Ken-ichiro , Asaka Takuya , Sato Jun , Kitagawa Yoshimasa
Published: April 2022

Since hyperplastic aponeurosis and tendons cause limited muscle
extension, patients with masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis
hyperplasia (MMTAH) experience a limited mouth opening ability due to
restrictions in muscle extension. Therefore, this article discusses five
patients of MMTAH who underwent bilateral aponeurotomy combined with
coronoidectomy in our department.
Cutis verticis gyrata in a 24 year-old young man revealing a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Saad Sarra , Fetoui Nadia Ghariani , Rouatbi Jacem , Mokni Sana , Ghariani Najet , Sriha Baderedine , Denguezli Mohamed
Published: April 2022

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is frequently revealed by a
mediastinal mass or peripheral lymphadenopathy. Skin lesions in T-LBL
usually present as multiple nodules associated with multiple peripheral
lymphadenopathy and bone marrow invasion. Our patient is particular by
the revealing presentation of the lesions as Cutis verticis gyrate.
Composites and hybrid materials used for implants and bone reconstruction: a state of the art
Authors: Silva Efren Vazquez , Abad-Farfán Gabriela , Peña-Tapia Pablo Gerardo , Torres-Jara Paúl Bolívar , Moncayo-Matute Freddy Patricio , Viloria-Ávila Tony Jesús , Vergara-Paredes Mary Josefina , Andrade-Galarza Andrés Fernando , Pinos-Vélez Nathalie Cristina
Published: April 2022

This work presents a review, covering the years 2007 to 2020, on the
main composite and hybrid materials on which it is investigated for
developing medical applications, such as personalized bone implants.
Attention is directed to the general qualities that these composite
materials must have, from the physical-mechanical and clinical point of
view, although occasionally other properties are also considered. Most
of the results that are presented have been obtained in experiments
carried out with animal models, the main limitations that are faced when
evaluating one or another material type for implant are also considered.
The fundamental result is that it is not feasible to establish a
predominance of a material over others. Nevertheless, the synthesis of
nano-hydroxyapatite, due to its similarity to natural bone apatite,
should be present in any variant of composite material for bone
implants.
A Bernstein-Schnabl type operator: Applications to difference equations
Authors: Acu Ana-Maria , Dancs Madalina , Heilmann Margareta , Paşca Vlad , Raşa Ioan
Published: April 2022

We consider a sequence of positive linear operators Ln of Bernstein-Schnabl type. It was studied in the literature from various points of view; we provide new properties of it. The eigenstructure of these operators is described. We investigate the kernel of Ln which is related with the set of solutions of a difference equation. Several algorithms are proposed in order to solve the involved problems.
Implications of COVID-19 for Climate Governance in China: The Rise of an Eco-Surveillance State?
Authors: Lo Kevin
Published: April 2022

China’s success in pursuing zero-COVID through unprecedented levels of population monitoring and control may result in the expansion of the surveillance state. This paper examines the development of COVID surveillance strategies and explores how the strategies may be applied in the country’s commitment to carbon neutrality, constituting what can be called an eco-surveillance state. The probable introduction of a series of carbon rationing schemes, covering local governments, enterprises, and the public, and enforcement of these schemes with advanced surveillance technologies by the government are presented. The potential challenges and debates regarding the rise of an eco-surveillance state are discussed.
METODE PENENTUAN ARAH KIBLAT MASJID DARUNNA'IM KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Zikrurrahman Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Facing the qibla direction is one of the requirements of performing prayer, and therefore of course it must be made as accurate as possible in the direction of the Kaaba. Darunna’im Mosque is the center of religious worship services for students in the Darunna’im Islamic Boarding School in Pontianak. From the search results using the Google Earth application, the researcher found inaccuracy of the direction of the mosque building from what i should be which is 292° 44’ 56” while the direction of the mosque building qibla is 281° 50’ 00” so there is a deviation of 10° 54’ 56”. From the above background, the researcher felt the need to explore further the direction of the mosque’s qibla with the focus of research namely on the methods carried out in deternmining the direction of the Darunna’im mosque’s qibla and accuracy of the direction of the mosque by using several methods of determining the qibla direction (Qibla with Theodolite, Compass and Rashdul qibla). This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, and techniques of interview, direct observation, and field measurements. Data were obtained as material for analysis. After the analysis was done, than the researcher drew conclusions and provided suggestions. From the result of the analysis of the data that the researcher got in the field, it can be concluded that the direction of the Darunna’im Mosque was deviated. The measurementsof the mosque’s qibla direction using Google Earth shows the direction of 292° 44’ 56” while the direction of the mosque is 281° 50’ 00”, a deviation of 10° 54’ 56” occurs. Then using theodolite on May 28, 2019 at 16:19 WIB showing the direction of 0° 1’ 16.62” while the direction of the Mosque is 349° 07’ 32.76”, then a deviation of 10° 53’ 43.86” occurs. Then on July 16 using theodolite , it showed the direction 0° 1’ 28.76” while the direction of the Mosque is 349° 07’ 44.9”, then there is a deviation of 10° 53’ 43.86”. Then when the Rashdul Qibla was used on May 28, 2019, it showed at 16:17 WIB. Then at the time of Rashdul Qibla on July 16, it showed the qibla direction at 16:26 WIB. Then using Compass, it showed the direction 292° 44’ 56.21” while the direction of the mosque is 281° 50’ 00”, so a deviation of 10° 54’ 56.21” occurs.

Keywords: Qibla Direction, Accuracy, and Darunna’im Mosque.
MENTARJIH PENETAPAN NASAB ANAK ZINA KEPADA AYAH BIOLOGIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANAK DAN MAQSAD HIFZ AL-NASL
Authors: Ma'mun Solihul Aminal
Published: April 2022

Nasab is a bloodline that binds human relations with the father up, children down and sideways. Preservation of nasab including part of the favors of God that has been given to his servant. Because nasab is the basis for protecting people from damage, intricacy and forgery. In the order of Islamic rules nasab child is given to his father. The indication is that a father in Islam is burdened with the responsibility to provide the fulfillment of clothing, food and shelter for his child, or in the general sense a father is obliged to protect, nurture and be a role model for his children.

But what if there is a child who is not allowed to rage on his father as the opinion of the majority of Islamic scholars? namely a child born from the result of a relationship outside of marriage (adultery), where at the time of birth his mother had not had time to get married, despite the opinion of a minority of Islamic scholars who disagree with the opinion of the majority. Therefore, the author tries to explain to give priority (tarjih) to the opinion of the minority from the opinion of the majority who have given biological father the opportunity to determine the child he confesses to himself, even without marrying his mother. Because of minority opinion, when viewed in terms of the broad meaning of maqsad hifz al-nasl is very close.

This study is a library research and uses a qualitative-inductive approach or in Arabic called tahlili-istiqrai method with theories that are part of the ushul fiqh methodology. The results that the authors take from this study are with al-tarjih baina qaulauini by looking at the most propositions from both opinions. Among them by looking at the perspective of the concept of children and maqsad hifz al-nasl.
PENARIKAN KEMBALI WAKAF MENURUT PANDANGAN IMAM MALIK DAN IMAM ASY-SYAFI’I
Authors: Wahdah Nur Fithry Rohmatul
Published: April 2022

Before the existence of Law number 41 of 2004 concerning endowments, Indonesia has a Government Regulation number 28 of 1977 concernig the ownership of privately owned land, which was subsequently changed by the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) until finally giving birth to Law number 41 of 2004. Along with the development, also develops problems that arise around waqf, one of which is the withdrawal of waqf by waqf heirs. In this study the authors refer to the views of the jurists, namely the views of Imam Malik and Imam Asy-Shafi’i. the research method used is comparative analytic descriptive. From the result of the study indicate that the opinion of Imam Malik waqf property is still in the hands of giver, it means that the recipient of the waqf does not have the rights to the goods or property (waqf) give, because according to him waqf is just a release of benefits. In contrast to the opinion of Imam Shafi’i showing that the property or objects as well as the benefits of the assets that have been represented have been completely separated from wāqif.

Keywords : Withdrawal of waqf, Imam Malik and Imam Shafi’i
MAQASID SYARIAH DALAM WAKAF SAHAM
Authors: Arkham Sitta 'Ala
Published: April 2022

Maqasid Shariah of waqf is to provide the maximum benefit with remaining the object of waqf. In order, to provide greater benefits, development is needed in the management and object of the waqf itself. Waqf stock become one of the development models of object waqf. The spirit of waqf development should be accompanied by maintaining the purpose of waqf, the existence of waqf stock practice needs to be reviewed from maqasid shariah, so the waqf stock innovations remain in the corridor and do not deviate. There are two models of management in waqf stock, first; capital gain and dividen from stocks as waqf, secondly; the stock as an object of the waqaf itself. This paper is a qualitative study, using the maqasid shariah approach as method. The results showed that the first model is still in accordance with the maqasid shariah - this is attributed to the waqf money. The second model, still conforms to the maqasid shariah by extending its meaning to the immortality of the waqf object, from the former preserving the sum of the shares to the value of the stock, and the istibdal method of the second model.
TINJAUAN MAQASHID SYARIAH Al-SYATIBI TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM UMKM DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Kholifah Rosiana , Syahriyati Laili ‘Izza
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is the protection of small, mid and medium Enterprise (SME) laws in pandemic where this pandemic affects many aspect, one of which is the economy. The economy as an important milestone in people's lives from small to large levels also has an important role in the State. Especially on the legal protection of SME in this pandemic period is urgently needed. As a badly affected SME business, the government is obliged to seek the welfare rights of SME, so that the Economic Activity of the State increases again. The guarantee of legal protection of SME during this pandemic is in accordance with the legislation or government regulations so that the role of SME is not weakened. This research is qualitative research using normative juridical approaches. The collection of data using books related to SME and Sharia Maqashid. The data is collected later with the concept of sharia maqashid Al-Syatibi. The results of the discussion show that economic activity will achieve significant benefits if it achieves the indicators in the Sharia maqashid al-Shatibi. First, the implementation of mental indicators (hifz Nafs) namely, the provision of facilities and assistance to resurrect the competitiveness capabilities of SME and property indicators (hifz mall) with the publication of Act Number 20 of 2008 year which specifically discusses about SME .
KEDUDUKAN WALI SEBAGAI SYARAT SAHNYA PERKAWINAN DALAM HUKUM ISLAM: Perspefktif Historis dan Ushul Fiqh
Authors: Tohari Chamim
Published: April 2022

Isu tentang hak dan kedudukan wali nikah dalam hukum Islam merupakan salah satu objek perdebatan dalam sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Para ulama mazhab, bahkan hingga saat ini belum mencapai kesepakatan tentang hukum pernikahan yang dilakukan tanpa adanya wali.. Perbedaan tersebut bertolak dari pemahaman para ulama mazhab terkait dengan dasar hukum hadis yang digunakan sebagai sumber dalam menggali hukum. Kajian ini dibatasi pada dua permasalahan berikut: (1) Bagaimana hak dan kedudukan wali nikah menurut pandangan mazhab empat (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hanbali)?; (2) Bagaimana hak dan kedudukan wali nikah tersebut apabila ditinjau dari konteks kekinian? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research), sedangkan model analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis perbandingan (comparative analysis) dimana dalam hal ini penulis berusaha memperbandingkan konsep hukum wali nikah menurut pada ulama mazhab dengan konteks sosial yang berkembang saat ini.

Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mayoritas ulama mazhab sepakat bahwa pernikahan tidak sah jika dilakukan tanpa wali. Namun demikian tidak ada keterangan yang tegas mengenai hak dan kedudukan wali dalam pernikahan dalam arti apakah seorang wali cukup hadir dalam pernikahan anak perempuannya, ataukah seorang wali mempunyai hak untuk mengizinkan atau membatalkan suatu pernikahan yang akan dilaksanakan. Berbeda dengan jumhur ulama, mazhab Hanafi berpendapat bahwa pernikahan dianggap sah meskipun tanpa adanya wali nikah. (2) Terkait dengan apakah hukum wajibnya wali dalam pernikahan bersama hak ijbar yang melekat padanya masih relevan dengan situasi kekinian? Penulis dalam hal ini berpendapat bahwa 'illat hukum dari wajibnya kehadiran dan izin wali dalam pernikahan adalah untuk memelihara kemaslahatan anak gadis yang hendak menikah dan melindunginya dari kemudharatan akibat pernikahan tersebut (disebabkan karena anak gadis yang hendak menikah belum dewasa atau tidak memiliki pengalaman yang memadai dalam memilih pasangan hidup), maka kehadiran wali adalah wajib selama 'illat hukum tersebut masih ada dalam suatu pernikahan. Sebaliknya, ketika 'illat hukum yang dimaksud sudah tidak ditemukan dalam suatu akad pernikahan, misalnya bagi pernikahan seorang perempuan yang telah dewasa, terdidik, dan mampu memilih yang baik dan buruk bagi hidupnya, maka dalam konteks ini kewajiban menghadirkan wali dan meminta persetujuannya tersebut tidak diperlukan lagi.
Re-description of the female of Kampimodromus langei Wainstein and Arutunjan (Acari: Phytoseiidae) based on normal and abnormal specimens, with the first description of its male
Authors: Saglam Damla , Doker Ismail , Ozman-Sullivan Sebahat K.
Published: April 2022

Kampimodromus langei Wainstein and Arutunjan (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is reported for the first time for the Turkish fauna. It is re-described and illustrated, based on normal and abnormal female specimens from material collected from Quercus cerris L. var. cerris (Fagaceae) trees in Samsun Province on the north coast of Turkey. In addition, the male is described for the first time in this study. Our examination of a series of female specimens of K. langei showed no remarkable differences compared to its original description and subsequent redescriptions. However, on both sides of a female specimen, we observed an additional dorsal seta inserted at the location of seta S1 known from other groups of Mesostigmata closely related to phytoseiid mites. The dorsal shield of the abnormal specimen is also illustrated and its setal measurements are provided. To the best of our knowledge of phytoseiids, the extra seta has been reported only for Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) laurae Wainstein. The possibility of the more rearward location of anterior dorsal setae z6 and s6 which is known for some phytoseiid species, as well as the presence of extra seta/e on other species of phytoseiid mites, are also briefly discussed.
Pseudo-Bartter syndrome presenting a preschooler with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Machado Raquel , Massabki Lilian , Sandy Natascha , Ribeiro Antônio , Lomazi Elizete
Published: April 2022

Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at increased risk of developing electrolyte abnormalities. In cases of extreme electrolyte and fluid losses (e.g., vomiting and diarrhea) they may present pseudo-Bartter syndrome (PBS)1 characterized by hypokalemic and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in the absence of renal tubular disease2. In this condition, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone is activated, in response to extracellular volume depletion and hyponatremia. PBS most commonly presents in infants under 6 months old. However, an association with high ambient temperatures and seasonal epidemics has been reported in countries with warm weather3, when losses of chlorine and sodium in sweat are increased. There is no data on the incidence of PBS as a complication of CF in Latin America. Retrospective case series studies from Jordan, Turkey and Saudi Arabia suggested an incidence range of 12-18.3% in their pediatric populations2,4,5.
Late diagnosis of idiopathic esophageal achalasia in patient with recurrent pneumonias
Authors: Santos Victor , Carmo Guilhane , Rodrigues Marina , Nascimento Mayco , Oliveira Raphael , Kock Tatyana
Published: April 2022

Esophageal achalasia is the most prevalent esophageal motility disease; however, it is rare in pediatrics. The principal cause is secondary to the loss of function in inhibitory neurons of myenteric plexus, due inflammatory process of unknown origin. The most prevalent symptoms in children are vomit, loss of weight and aspiration pneumonia; those are more commonly related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), making it more difficult the diagnosis of achalasia. Complementary exams are crucial to diagnoses, such as upper digestive endoscopy, radiography (barium swallow) and esophageal manometry. The treatment aims to relieve the symptoms and improve the esophageal emptying. Three years old female child, presenting persistent vomit, pulmonary auscultation reduced at right lung and condensation in the right pulmonary base suggestive of pneumonia, regarding an antecedent of five episodes of pneumonia. The symptoms started at nine months old, and the initial treatment was for GERD, without improvement. The propaedeutic confirmed the diagnoses of achalasia, though etiology was not conclusive. The chosen treatment was pneumatic dilatation with an additional surgical injection of botulinum toxin at the lower esophageal sphincter. The patient received hospital discharge to outpatient follow-up.
La atenuación gramatical y léxica
Authors: Schneider Stefan
Published: April 2022

Tras una introducción a la literatura sobre la atenuación, la contribución examina una serie de aspectos y propiedades que puedan servir para circunscribir el fenómeno y situarlo en la interacción verbal. El examen proporciona los elementos para una definición operacional de la atenuación y para un repertorio de las expresiones atenuantes gramaticales y léxicas españolas. En los apartados subsecuentes, se discuten los criterios más comunes para clasificar las expresiones atenuantes y se enfoca el papel de la atenuación en la interacción argumentativa.
“shewa” + Secondary Gemination in Late Antique Hebrew as seen in Greek and Latin Transcriptions of Hebrew and in Samaritan
Authors: Kantor Benjamin
Published: April 2022

From a historical perspective, shewa mobile (shewa na') in the Biblical Hebrew reading traditions may be regarded as an epenthetic vowel which breaks up a consonant cluster that came into being through the process of deletion, syncope, etc. Evidence from the attested reading traditions of Biblical Hebrew suggests that the kind of vowel reduction that would bring about the ubiquity of “shewa” in the medieval traditions was already underway in the Second Temple period. At the same time, there is evidence from antiquity that other phonological strategies were implemented to prevent such (complete) reduction of short vowels in open unstressed syllables. In particular, there is evidence in both the ancient transcription traditions of Hebrew and in the Samaritan tradition for non-etymological gemination of a consonant immediately following a vowel in the “shewa slot.” Though some such examples of gemination may be explained as variant morphological patterns, etc., it will be argued that such gemination was implemented to ensure the distinct pronunciation of the phonological sequence. While some cases of this phenomenon are best explained as orthoepic strategies for careful reading, other cases may have developed more naturally in the spoken language. This conclusion is significant because it demonstrates both that vowel reduction/deletion was already prone to occur in the late Second Temple period and that there was an impulse in both speech and in a careful reading of the Biblical Hebrew tradition to avoid consonant clusters (at least in some cases) already in this early period.
Robust algorithmic binding to arbitrary fragment of program code
Authors: Головешкин Алексей Валерьевич , Михалкович Станислав Станиславович
Published: April 2022

При работе над задачей программист наиболее активно взаимодействует с конечным набором фрагментов кода. Информация об их расположении важна для быстрого перемещения между ними, для других разработчиков и как разновидность документации. Интегрированные среды разработки (IDE) позволяют связывать метки с участками кода, просматривать список меток и использовать их для быстрой навигации, однако связь между меткой и помеченным местом может теряться при редактировании кода, особенно при изменении за пределами IDE.

В предыдущих работах авторами предлагается интегрируемый в IDE инструмент, позволяющий устойчиво к изменению кода помечать крупные синтаксические сущности программы («привязываться» к ним). Описание помечаемого элемента строится по абстрактному синтаксическому дереву (АСД) программы и используется для алгоритмического поиска этого элемента в отредактированном позднее коде. Поиск осуществляется с успешностью от 99 до 100%.

Целью настоящей работы является устойчивая алгоритмическая привязка к произвольному участку кода. Для привязки к однострочному фрагменту кода предложены расширение модели, описывающей помечаемый фрагмент, и дополнительный алгоритм поиска. Введена необходимая формализация и предложен алгоритм встраивания в АСД узлов, соответствующих многострочным фрагментам; показано, что в результате такого встраивания не нарушается корректность АСД. В коде трёх крупных проектов на языке C# произведены привязки к случайно выбранным строкам. Ручной проверкой результатов поиска этих строк в отредактированном коде подтверждено, что привязка устойчива к редактированию кода.
Reaction SPL - extension of a public document markup standard to chemical reactions
Authors: Schadow Gunther , Borodina Yulia , Delannée Victorien , Ihlenfeldt Wolf-Dietrich , Godfrey Alexander , Nicklaus Marc
Published: April 2022

There are numerous formats and data models for describing reaction-related data. However, each offers only a limited coverage of the multitude of information that can be of interest to a broad user base in the context of chemical reactions. Structured Product Labeling (SPL) is a robust yet fairly light public XML document standard. It uses a highly generic but usefully refinable data schema, which is, like a language, highly expressive. We are therefore presenting an extension of SPL to chemical reactions (“Reaction SPL”). This extension is designed to support chemical manufacturing processes, which include as a minimum the chemical reaction and the procedures and conditions to run it. We provide an overview of the SPL reaction specification structures followed by some examples of documents with reaction data: predicted single-step reactions, a two-step synthesis, an enzymatic reaction, an example how to represent a reaction center, a patent, and a fully annotated reaction with by-products. Special attention is given to a mechanism for atom-atom mapping of reactions as well as to the possibility to integrate Reaction SPL with laboratory automation equipment, in particular automated synthesis devices.
A Data-Driven and Topological Mapping Approach for the A Priori Prediction of Stable Molecular Crystalline Hydrates
Authors: Hong Richard , Mattei Alessandra , Sheikh Ahmad , Tuckerman Mark
Published: April 2022

Predictions of the structures of stoichiometric, fractional, or non-stoichiometric hydrates of organic molecular crystals is immensely challenging due to the extensive search space of different water contents, host molecular placements throughout the crystal, and internal molecular conformations. However, the dry frameworks of these hydrates, especially for non-stoichiometric or isostructural dehydrates, can often be predicted from a standard anhydrous crystal structure prediction (CSP). Inspired by developments in the field of drug binding, we introduce an efficient data-driven and topologically aware approach for predicting organic molecular crystal hydrate structures through a mapping of water positions within the crystal structures. As such, the method does not require a priori specification of water content and can, therefore, predict stoichiometric, fractional, and non-stoichiometric hydrate structures. This approach, which we term MACH (Mapping of Crystalline Hydrates), establishes a set of rules for systematic determination of favorable positions for water insertion within predicted or experimental crystal structures based on considerations of the chemical features of local environments and void regions. The proposed approach is tested on hydrates of three pharmaceutically relevant compounds that exhibit diverse crystal packing motifs and void environments characteristic of hydrate structures. Overall, we show that this mapping approach introduces a new advance in the efficient performance of hydrate CSP through generation of stable hydrate stoichiometries at low cost and should be considered an integral component for CSP workflows.
Comments on the article by Professor Dmitry D. Pletnev “Hypertension (the experience of analyzing its genesis)”
Authors: Baranova Irina A.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the comments is the analysis of Professor Dmitry D. Pletnev's article Hypertension (experience in analyzing its genesis) from the point of view of modern ideas about arterial hypertension. Currently, a small number of publications of Professor D.D. Pletnev, a Russian scientist and clinician, unjustly convicted in 1937, have been preserved. The small work includes not only a deep and critical analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease, but also an assessment of diagnostic methods, as well as a detailed description of the clinical picture. The paper, published in 1935, remains relevant and of interest to clinicians and medical historians.
Experience of using a triple fixed combination in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bolotova Elena V. , Dudnikova Anna V. , Shulzhenko Larisa V.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a fixed triple combination of vilanterol/umeclidinium bromide/fluticasone furoate in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with frequent exacerbations.
Materials and methods. The study included 46 patients with severe and extremely severe COPD (GOLD 34) with frequent exacerbations. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included 22 COPD patients with a content of eosinophils in the peripheral blood of 300 cells/ml, the 2nd group included 24 COPD patients with no signs of eosinophilic inflammation in the peripheral blood. Group 1 patients were recommended therapy with a fixed triple combination of vilanterol/umeclidinium bromide/fluticasone furoate at a dose of 22/55/92 mcg 1 time per day, group 2 patients received vilanterol+umeclidinium bromide at a dose of 22/55 mcg 1 time per day. The duration of follow-up was 12 months.
Results. After 12 months of treatment with a fixed triple combination of vilanterol/umeclidinium bromide/fluticasone furoate, a statistically significant decrease in peripheral blood eosinophilia was noted in patients with COPD with frequent exacerbations and peripheral blood eosinophilia (p=0.001), as well as a decrease in shortness of breath on the MMRs scale (p=0.001) and the frequency of exacerbations in patients with COPD with frequent exacerbations and eosinophilia (p=0.001).
Conclusion. The use of a fixed combination of vilanterol/umeclidinium bromide/fluticasone furoate for 12 months allowed to reduce the impact of the disease, improve respiratory function and quality of life in COPD patients with eosinophilia.
Homology modelling and molecular docking study of TMPRSS2 with small-molecule protease inhibitors to control SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Salha M Tawati  , Aisha A Alsfouk  , Asma Alsarrah
Published: April 2022

Due to the urgent need of drugs to control the COVID-19 pandemic, repositioning of already marketed drugs could be a fast and convenient option  to identify agents to aid in controlling and treating COVID-19. This work presented a computational work regarding homology modeling and molecular docking of repurposing drugs related to the SARS-CoV-2. We have created a homology model of the cell surface transmembrane protease serine 2 protein (TMPRSS2) in order to investigate and analyze the interactions of already known small-molecules. This study indicates the most active inhibitors, poceprevir, simeprevir and neoandrgrapholide, that can be used further to search for better TMPRSS2 inhibitors.  Moreover,  we analyzed  the most important atomistic connections between these compounds and the modeled protein pockets. This study will focus on TMPRSS2-targeted drugs by comparing the binding mode of approved and experimentally used TMRSS2 inhibitors with other agents with TMPRSS2 inhibitory activity and could potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and therefore could lead to the identification of new agents for further clinical evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 and potential treatment of COVID-19.
Understanding Which Prices Affect Inflation Expectations
Authors: Campos Chris , McMain Michael , Pedemonte Mathieu
Published: April 2022

Inflation expectations have an impact on one's economic behavior. We show that the inflation expectations of professional forecasters and consumers are predicted by very different prices. While professional forecasters weigh prices similar to the consumer price index, consumers seem to focus on prices they see more often, such as those for food and new vehicles. These are also prices that have seen disproportionally high volatility since the onset of the pandemic. We argue that heterogeneity in the importance of component-specific inflation can have relevant economic implications and disproportionate effects on consumers' inflation expectations that can, in turn, affect economic behavior.
Optimization of Antibacterial Production of Endophytic Fungi with Various Sources of C, N, and pH using The Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Widjajanti Hary , Nurnawati Elisa , Muharni Muharni , Zahwa Eca Desriana
Published: April 2022

Secondary metabolites extract of McB1 endophytic fungi from gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell.) leaves have a high potential antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 with flavonoids and phenol as bioactive compound. The low production of secondary metabolites extract in the cultivation stage and the high potential antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds produced by McB1 endophytic fungi require special treatment for optimize the secondary metabolites product. This is possibly achieved by optimizing the composition of the cultivation media, where various sources of carbon, nitrogen, and pH produce different amounts and classes of secondary metabolites. The objectives of the research to obtain the optimum interaction between sources of carbon, nitrogen, and pH for the production of secondary metabolite extract using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the highest extract (0.25 g) with the composition of sucrose as carbon source, yeast extract as nitrogen source, and pH 6. Based on the optimization of the medium with a variation of 4.5 gL-1 sucrose, 0.48 gL-1 yeast extract, and pH 6.1 yielded 0.34 g of secondary metabolites extract of McB1 endophytic fungi. The chromatogram profile of the optimized secondary metabolite extract showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and tannins.
Optimization of Liquid Smoke from Shorea pachyphylla using Response Surface Methodology and its Characterization
Authors: Oramahi Hasan Ashari , Kustiati Kustiati , Wardoyo Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning
Published: April 2022

The present study aims to optimize the processing variables producing liquid smoke from mabang wood (Shorea pachyphylla) by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this investigation, a design of experiment with different combinations of pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time on the liquid smoke yield from mabang wood was applied. The response of the optimal yield, temperature, and time of pyrolysis was predicted using a mathematical model. The optimal operating conditions for the process of yielding 31.31% liquid smoke were identified at the pyrolysis temperature of 440◦C and pyrolysis time of 124 minutes. The effect of pyrolysis temperature was more significant than the pyrolysis time (p<0.05). The liquid smoke samples were evaluated by a GC-MS. The main chemical compound of the liquid smoke were 1,2-ethanediol (19.26%), fluoromethane (6.69%), formic acid (4.96%), 2-propanone (4.17%), acetic acid (18.64%), acetol (4.80%), furfural (9.94%), 2,4-hexadecanoic acid (3.45%), and guaiacol (2.93%).
Models of Relevant Arithmetic
Authors: Slaney John
Published: April 2022

It is well known that the relevant arithmetic R# admits finite models whose domains are the integers modulo n rather than the expected natural numbers. Less well appreciated is the fact that the logic of these models is much more subtle than that of the three-valued structure in which they are usually presented. In this paper we consider the DeMorgan monoids in which R# can be modelled, deriving a fairly complete account of those modelling the stronger arithmetic RM# modulo n and a partial account for the case of R# modulo a prime number. The more general case in which the modulus is arbitrary is shown to lead to infinite propositional structures even with the additional constraint that '0=1' implies everything.
Critical Pedagogy in a Chinese Transnational University: Challenges and Possibilities
Authors:   , Goodall John
Published: April 2022

This research explores barriers to and opportunities for Critical English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in a transnational university in Mainland China. In recent years there has been an explosion in the number of Western universities establishing transnational campuses in China. While these institutions seem to present unique challenges for critical pedagogues, there has been little research focusing on them. After using Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse documents relating to the pedagogical, institutional, and legislative contexts in which transnational universities operate in China, the topic was explored using interviews and group discussions with EAP tutors and students at one Chinese transnational university, the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC). Data from these interviews and the group discussion was analysed using Constructivist Grounded Theory and a combination of Critical Discourse Analysis and Bakhtinian dialogism. The research found that significant barriers exist to the institutionalisation of critical pedagogy, particularly around the oppositional nature of Western and Chinese discourses called on by tutors and students respectively, the institutional imposition of power on teachers and students from outside the classroom, and the ‘academic theme park’ experience provided by the university. This research can provide critical pedagogues with a clear-eyed view of the complexities of achieving educational and social change in this highly challenging environment.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE GEL BASED ON DIHYDROQUERCETIN
Authors: Ahmad A. Sayed , N.I. Sinitsyna , R.A. Abramovich , A.N. Vorobyov , O.G. Potanina
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a bioflavonoid from the flavonol group with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. Antioxidant, strengthens the walls of blood vessels. Medicinal product based on dihydroquercetin for topical use.
Aim. Development of a dosage form of dihydroquercetin in the form of a gel for topical use and evaluation of its physicochemical properties, general toxic effects and safety.
Materials and methods. The gel was obtained on an EKROS PE-8100 laboratory overhead stirrer (EKROS, Russia). The substance of dihydroquercetin of the LLC "Chemistry of Woods" company was used. Dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol 400 were used as solvents for the active substance. Gelling agents were used, such as: hydroxyethyl cellulose, carbomer brand Carbopol Ultrez 10, poloxamer 407, polymer compositions of the French company Seppic Sepineo p600 and Sepineo Derm. Benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate are used as antimicrobial preservatives. Trilon B was used as a stabilizer. Purified water served as a dispersion medium.
Aggregate stability of the gels was evaluated according to GOST 29188.3-91 COSMETIC PRODUCTS [1]. Colloidal stability - on the centrifuge of the laboratory brand PE-6906. Thermal stability was determined by thermostating the gel samples in an electric dry-air thermostat of the TS-1/20 SPU brand. Dynamic viscosity was determined on a Brookfield DV3T rotational viscometer [2].
The release of DHQ from the model gel compositions was determined by L. The content of DHQ in the dialysate was determined by HPLC (n=5) [3].
Results and discussion. The solubility of the substance of dihydroquercetin was determined for the implementation of the technological process for the manufacture of a gel based on it with increased bioavailability. Chromatography conditions were selected for the determination of dihydroquercetin in the gel by HPLC-UV. The safety and absence of a local irritant effect were established with the use of 2% dihydroquercetin gel.
Conclusion. As a result of the research, the composition and technology of a 2% dihydroquercetin gel for topical use have been developed. A technological scheme for obtaining the gel has been developed. The results of the toxicity study of 2% dihydroquercetin gel showed that the gel is non-toxic and safe drug.
DETECTABILITY OF VOLUMETRIC CHANGE IN THE TONGUE IN SECONDARY ADENTIA
Authors: K.N. Shurygin , R.S. Matveev , V.A. Kichigin
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The problem of secondary adentia does not lose its relevancy in modern dentistry. Despite successful treatment of such patients using dental implantation, removable prosthetics remains a widespread method for its treatment. Adaptation issues to removable dentures in the oral cavity is widely discussed in the literature. However, the tongue's anatomical and functional features are not taken into account or they are not given enough attention.
This paper presents the analysis of 28 literature sources on the problem under study and a survey of 50 patients with secondary adentia who used removable structures as well as the assessment of the tongue's anatomical and functional state depending on the dental arch characteristics in 81 persons.
It is found that when adapting to prostheses almost all patients with secondary adentia complained of discomfort and speech disorders. The incidence of macroglossia is determined (in the control group it is 17.1%). The authors note a correlation between the prevalence of macroglossia and such a functional indicator as "the length of maximally pulled forward tongue" and with an anthropometric indicator - the height of the lower facial third ("Nose-Chin").
Our findings indicate a fairly high incidence of volumetric tongue enlargement in the form of macroglossia in individuals with widespread partial and complete defects of the dental arch. Thus, there is a need to continue the study of the morphofunctional state of the tongue in adentia in individuals in need of prosthetics, placing the emphasis on the objective method of studying its functional activity.
ATTITUDE TO SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS AMONG SURGICAL PATIENTS IN VARIOUS GENDER AND AGE GROUPS
Authors: S.N. Cherkasov , A.L. Gorbunov , A.V. Fedyaeva , K.A. Egiazaryan , A.V. Martirosov , A.A. Suhov
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The purpose of the study: to analyze the frequency of occurrence of self-prescribing medications among surgical patients in various gender and age groups. Materials and methods. 400 patients of the surgical profile hospital were interviewed. Four age groups were formed (18–29 years, 30–44 years, 45–59 years, 60 years and older) among men and women. The reliability of the differences was determined by tetrachoric analysis and calculation of the value of χ2. Differences with a 95% probability of denial of the "null hypothesis" were considered reliable. Results. The attitude towards self-administration of medications among the majority of surgical patients is positive. Most use this practice if they consider the disease not too serious, but only a minority are confident in the sufficiency of their knowledge for self-prescribing medications. Respondents who are confident in themselves and in their knowledge are more likely to use self-medication. Men and women had more of them among the representatives of the youngest age group (18–29 years). Men under the age of 45 and women in the 30–59 age group most often resort to self-medication. Only one in ten has a negative attitude to self-medication and does not use it in daily practice. It is shown that when using self-medication, the probability of timely seeking medical help decreases.
PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF PARTNER CHILDBIRTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19
Authors: T.Yu. Babich , E.Yu. Yurchenko , S.R. Suleymanova
Published: April 2022

Annotation. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (03/11/2020), a huge number of restrictions are being introduced all over the world, including on the group's preparation for partner childbirth. Correct prenatal preparation of pregnant women and their families is one of the fundamental points for their implementation - it is complicated in a pandemic. This article analyzes the preparation and implementation of partner delivery in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The authors of the article believe that the increase in the number of family births led to an increase in the frequency of normal births from 40.8% to 77%. In addition, the use of physiological methods of anesthesia, the active behavior of women during family childbirth, leads to an increase in normal childbirth by 2 times, a decrease in the stimulation of labor activity - more than 3 times, a decrease in the frequency of pain relief, caesarean section and other surgical interventions in more than 2 times, as well as a decrease in the incidence of hypotonic bleeding from 4 to 0.7%. And also partner childbirth reduces the level of situational anxiety, which is associated with an increase in the possibility of contracting the new coronavirus infection COVID - 19, from 43% to 20%.
Keywords: partnerbirth, family birth, COVID-19 pandemic.
OPTITMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT TACTICS FOR PATIENTS WITH HEADACHE CAUSED BY ESTROGEN WITHDRAWAL
Authors: M.A. Yakovleva , M.O. Mayorova , O.B. Kalinkina , Yu.V. Tezikov , I.S. Lipatov
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The clinical case of a patient who applied for an appointment regarding the selection of a method of contraception after a medical abortion was studied. Anamnetically, the patient had symptoms caused by the withdrawal of estrogens when taking combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and also with a physiological decrease in the level of estrogens during the menstrual cycle without the use of combined oral contraceptives. After consulting a neurologist, a migraine-like disorder was diagnosed as a "Headache caused by the withdrawal of estrogens", and a gynecologist's consultation was recommended to choose a method of contraception that does not give this complication. The study of this clinical case demonstrated the possibility of optimizing the management tactics of patients with headache caused by the withdrawal of estroneens by using the drug claira for contraception. This drug has a dynamic dosing regimen, which provides for a gradual decrease in the estrogenic component in combination with a gradual increase in the dosage of progestin and a subsequent short hormone-free interval (BGI), lasting only two days. An additional advantage is that a short BGI helps to maintain a stable level of estradiol and inhibits the development of follicles. This drug, having high contraceptive reliability, has also demonstrated high effectiveness in the occurrence of headaches caused by estrogen deficiency.
Keywords. Headache, estrogen deficiency, clair, combined oral contraceptives.