bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whistler‐Mode Transmission Experiments in the Radiation Belts: DSX TNT Circuit Simulation and Data Analysis
Authors: Tu Jiannan , Song Paul , Galkin Ivan A. , Reinisch Bodo W. , Johnston William R. , Starks Michael J. , Su Yi‐Jiun , Cooke David , Ginet Gregory P. , Inan Umran S. , Lauben David S. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Matsuda Shoya , Kasahara Yoshiya , Kojima Hirotsugu , Shinohara Iku
Published: March 2023

High‐power transmission experiments in the very low frequency (VLF) mode have been conducted by the US Air Force Research Laboratory’s Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) satellite in the radiation belts using a novel transmitter that automatically tunes to find the resonance frequency of the transmitter circuit including the antenna. The resulting voltage–frequency curves are used to derive antenna impedance at the resonance. The analysis shows that the antenna reactance is far less than that of a dipole antenna in free space. The derived radiation resistance is up to several tens of kilo Ohms. Most interestingly, it is found that the radiation resistance is inversely proportional to the square of transmission wave frequency. The transmitted power can be up to 80 W for the DSX transmitter with an 82‐m long tip‐to‐tip antenna, showing that the high‐power VLF transmission is feasible. Whistler wave transmission inside the higher‐density plasmasphere is more efficient. Data analysis indicates that the antenna impedance does not vary systematically with the antenna orientation angle relative to the ambient magnetic field. The previous dominant theoretical studies yield not only incorrect values of the impedance but a completely different frequency dependence than that derived from DSX experiments. Instead, the recent theories correctly capture both the antenna impedance magnitude and the frequency dependence.
Epigenetic clocks suggest accelerated aging in patients with isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Baldelli Luca , Pirazzini Chiara , Sambati Luisa , Ravaioli Francesco , Gentilini Davide , Calandra-Buonaura Giovanna , Guaraldi Pietro , Franceschi Claudio , Cortelli Pietro , Garagnani Paolo , Bacalini Maria Giulia , Provini Federica
Published: March 2023

Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) is the strongest prodromal marker for α-synucleinopathies. Overt α-synucleinopathies and aging share several mechanisms, but this relationship has been poorly investigated in prodromal phases. Using DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks, we measured biological aging in videopolysomnography confirmed iRBD patients, videopolysomnography-negative and population-based controls. We found that iRBDs tended to be epigenetically older than controls, suggesting that accelerated aging characterizes prodromal neurodegeneration.
Comparison of concurrent validity of different malnutrition screening tools with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) among stroke survivors in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Hui Jie , Harith Sakinah , Lua Pei Lin , Ibrahim Khairul Azmi
Published: March 2023

Individuals with stroke are at high malnutrition risk in both the acute and chronic phases. This study aimed to assess the validity of different malnutrition screening tools for stroke patients in rehabilitation phase. Participants in this study were 304 stroke patients from three hospitals in the East-Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia from May–August 2019. The concurrent validity of the Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool-Hospital (MRST-H), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening (MUST) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) was assessed with the diagnostic criteria for malnutrition proposed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM-DCM). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the area under the curve were computed. MUST and MRST-H demonstrated good validity regardless of different age groups (> 80% sensitivity and specificity); meanwhile, MST and MNA-SF had fair validity, yet NRS-2002 had poor to fair validity with GLIM-DCM. Only MRST-H and NRS-2002 were significantly correlated with all anthropometric indices, dietary energy intake, and health-related quality of life in both age groups. In conclusion, MRST-H and MUST showed good concurrent validity with GLIM-DCM and can be considered as appropriate malnutrition screening tool in discriminating malnutrition among stroke individuals attending rehabilitation centre in Malaysia regardless of their age groups.
Tracing development of song memory with fMRI in zebra finches after a second tutoring experience
Authors: Arya Payal , Petkova Stela P. , Kulkarni Praveen P. , Kolodny Nancy H. , Gobes Sharon M. H.
Published: March 2023

Sensory experiences in early development shape higher cognitive functions such as language acquisition in humans and song learning in birds. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) sequentially exposed to two different song ‘tutors’ during the sensitive period in development are able to learn from their second tutor and eventually imitate aspects of his song, but the neural substrate involved in learning a second song is unknown. We used fMRI to examine neural activity associated with learning two songs sequentially. We found that acquisition of a second song changes lateralization of the auditory midbrain. Interestingly, activity in the caudolateral Nidopallium (NCL), a region adjacent to the secondary auditory cortex, was related to the fidelity of second-song imitation. These findings demonstrate that experience with a second tutor can permanently alter neural activity in brain regions involved in auditory perception and song learning.
Sector coupling leading to low-carbon production of power and chemicals in China
Authors: Li Yinan , Li Lanyu , Zhang Chuan , Zhao Yingru , Wang Xiaonan
Published: March 2023

A pathway to a carbon-neutral electricity-chemical nexus in China by 2060 is attainable. Sector coupling reduces fossil power generation by 10%, drives renewable curtailment rates to below 5%, and expands energy transmission capacity by at most 18%.
Exceptional structural diversity of hybrid halocuprates(i) with methylammonium and formamidinium cations
Authors: Belikova Daria E. , Fateev Sergey A. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Marchenko Ekaterina I. , Goodilin Eugene A. , Wang Shenghao , Tarasov Alexey B.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, MABr/CuBr and FABr/CuBr systems (MA+= methylammonium and FA+= formamidinium) were comprehensively studied: the existence of five novel phases MACu2Br3, FA2[Cu4Br6], MACuBr2, FACuBr2, and FA3CuBr4was established.
Deoxygenation of oximes for the synthesis of pyrrolinesviahydroimination cyclization
Authors: Han Wencheng , Liu Wen-Deng , Su Junqi , Zhao Jiannan
Published: March 2023

A series of pyrrolines were synthesizedviacyclization of iminyl radicals, which were generated by photocatalytic deoxygenation of oximes with trivalent phosphine.
An accelerated distributed method with inexact model of relative smoothness and strong convexity
Authors: Zhang Xuexue , Liu Sanyang , Zhao Nannan
Published: March 2023

Distributed optimisation methods are widely applied in many systems where agents cooperate with each other to minimise a sum‐type problem over a connected network. An accelerated distributed method based on the inexact model of relative smoothness and strong convexity is introduced by the authors. The authors demonstrate that the proposed method can converge to the optimal solution at the linear rate and achieve the optimal gradient computation complexity and the near optimal communication complexity, where κg denotes the global condition number. Finally, the numerical experiments are provided to validate the theoretical results and further show the efficacy of the proposed method.
KiDS-1000: Cross-correlation with Planck cosmic microwave background lensing and intrinsic alignment removal with self-calibration
Authors: Yao Ji , Shan Huanyuan , Zhang Pengjie , Liu Xiangkun , Heymans Catherine , Joachimi Benjamin , Asgari Marika , Bilicki Maciej , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Kuijken Konrad , Tröster Tilman , van den Busch Jan Luca , Wright Angus , Yan Ziang
Published: March 2023

Context. Galaxy shear and cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing convergence cross-correlations contain additional information on cosmology with respect to auto-correlations. While remaining immune to certain systemic effects, these cross-correlations are nonetheless affected by the galaxy’s intrinsic alignments (IA). These effects may, in fact, be responsible for the reported low lensing amplitude of the galaxy shear × CMB convergence cross-correlations, compared to the standard PlanckΛCDM (cosmological constant and cold dark matter) cosmology predictions.

Aims. In this work, we investigate how IA affects the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) galaxy lensing shear and Planck CMB lensing convergence cross-correlation and we compare it to previous treatments, both with and without IA taken into consideration.

Methods. We compared the marginalization over IA parameters and the IA self-calibration (SC) method (with additional observables defined only from the source galaxies) to demonstrate that SC can efficiently break the degeneracy between the CMB lensing amplitude, Alens, and the IA amplitude, AIA. We further investigated how different systematics affect the resulting AIA and Alens and we validated our results with the MICE2 simulation.

Results. We find that by including the SC method to constrain IA, the information loss due to the degeneracy between CMB lensing and IA is strongly reduced. The best-fit values are Alens = 0.84−0.22+0.22 and AIA = 0.60−1.03+1.03, while different angular scale cuts can affect Alens by ∼10%. We show that an appropriate treatment of the boost factor, cosmic magnification, and photometric redshift modeling is important for obtaining the correct IA and cosmological results.
The ε-ε property and the boundedness of isoperimetric sets with different monomial weights
Authors: Abreu Emerson , Fernandes Leandro G. , Ramirez Joel
Published: March 2023

We consider a class of monomial weights 𝑥A = |𝑥1|𝑎1…|𝑥N|𝑎N in ℝN, where ai is a nonnegative real number for each i ∈ {1,…,N}, and we establish the ε — ε property and the boundedness of isoperimetric sets with different monomial weights for the perimeter and volume. Moreover, we present cases of nonexistence of the isoperimetric inequality when it is not possible to associate the corresponding Sobolev inequality. Finally, for N = 2, we developed an original type of symmetrization, which we call star-shaped Steiner symmetrization, and we apply it to a class of isoperimetric problems with different monomial weights.
Simulating dielectric spectra: A demonstration of the direct electric field method and a new model for the nonlinear dielectric response
Authors: Woodcox Michael , Mahata Avik , Hagerstrom Aaron , Stelson Angela , Muzny Chris , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Schwarz Kathleen
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate a method to compute the dielectric spectra of fluids in molecular dynamics (MD) by directly applying electric fields to the simulation. We obtain spectra from MD simulations with low magnitude electric fields (≈0.01 V/Å) in agreement with spectra from the fluctuation–dissipation method for water and acetonitrile. We examine this method’s trade-off between noise at low field magnitudes and the nonlinearity of the response at higher field magnitudes. We then apply the Booth equation to describe the nonlinear response of both fluids at low frequency (0.1 GHz) and high field magnitude (up to 0.5 V/Å). We develop a model of the frequency-dependent nonlinear response by combining the Booth description of the static nonlinear dielectric response of fluids with the frequency-dependent linear dielectric response of the Debye model. We find good agreement between our model and the MD simulations of the nonlinear dielectric response for both acetonitrile and water.
Tradeoff between production and regulation functions of semi-arid rangelands
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Alireza , Mohammadi Kharaji Alimohammad , Soltani Saeed
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the tradeoffs between forage production and important regulation functions in the semi-arid rangelands of Ben county, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. The value of the forage production service was estimated using market pricing method after measuring forage production within the plant types. Five regulation functions: (1) erosion control; (2) sediment control; (3) runoff regulation; (4) carbon sequestration; and (5) oxygen production were then quantified and valued by the replacement cost approach. The five regulating services included 92.9% of total economic value, and a significant difference between economic value of different plant types was recorded. However, results suggested that provisioning and regulating services were statistically correlated (R2 = 0.83), but the decrease in provisioning services due to the increase in grazing intensity was statistically more significant than the decrease in regulating services. For each one degree increase in the grazing intensity, the value of forage production and regulating services decreased by USD27.4 and USD245.2, respectively. This was a function of the large share of regulating services in total economic value.
Fluency in rendering numbers in simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Kajzer-Wietrzny Marta , Ivaska Ilmari , Ferraresi Adriano
Published: March 2023

There is general consensus among interpreting practitioners and scholars that numbers pose particular problems in
simultaneous interpreting. Adopting the view that fluency disruptions in interpreters’ renditions are signals of cognitive
processing problems, the authors aim to isolate those contextual and textual factors which increase the likelihood of disfluencies
when rendering numbers present in a source speech. In the reported study, we analyse data from the European Parliament Translation
and Interpreting Corpus (EPTIC): we focus on target-text segments whose corresponding source segment contains a number and we find
the best predictors of disfluencies by applying a generalized linear mixed model. Our approach is confirmatory and so the model
accounts for factors that have been suggested in earlier studies as being associated with interpreting fluency. These factors
include the nativeness of the original speaker, the type of number, the frequency of numbers in the same sentence, omission,
language pair and whether the text was originally delivered impromptu or read out, and at what pace. The outcomes suggest that
important predictors of disfluent renditions include omission, the frequency of numbers in a sentence and the type of number;
these can be said to contribute to interpreters’ cognitive load when they process numbers.
EURAMET supplementary comparison EURAMET.L-S26.1, measurement of groove depth standards in the range 5 μm up to 0.9 mm
Authors: Lassila A , Byman V , Kirchhoff J , Aksulu M , Ozaita M , Carcedo L
Published: March 2023

Main text

In this supplementary comparison depths of six v-shaped grooves with nominal values 5/20/50/200/600 and 900 μm were measured. The depths were measured according to ISO 5436-1. The PTB nickel depth setting standard was used as reference standard. PTB and MIKES measures all depths, CEM 2 and UME 3 larger depths. The results with associated uncertainties were in agreement.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Assessment of indoor radon exposure in South Korea
Authors: Park Jaewoo , Kim Yong-Jae , Chang Byung-Uck , Kim Ji-Young , Kim Kwang Pyo
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to update the national and regional indoor radon concentrations in South Korea and assess indoor radon exposure. Based on the previously published survey results and the collected measurement data of surveys conducted since 2011, a total of 9271 indoor radon measurement data covering 17 administrative divisions are finally used for analysis. The annual effective dose from the indoor radon exposure is calculated using dose coefficients recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The population-weighted average indoor radon concentration was estimated to be a geometric mean of 46 Bq m−3 (GSD = 1.2) with 3.9% of all samples showing values exceeding 300 Bq m−3. The regional average indoor radon concentration ranged from 34 to 73 Bq m−3. The radon concentrations in detached houses were relatively higher than those in public buildings and multi-family houses. The annual effective doses to the Korean population due to indoor radon exposure were estimated to be 2.18 mSv. The updated values in this study might better represent the national indoor radon exposure level in South Korea because they contain more samples and cover a wider range of geographical areas than previous studies.
Characterisation of the soft tissue viscous and elastic properties using ultrasound elastography and rheological models: validation and applications in plantar soft tissue assessment
Authors: Tecse Aldo , Romero Stefano E , Naemi Roozbeh , Castaneda Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Objective. The mechanical behaviour of soft tissue is influenced by its elastic and viscous characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a validated method to characterise the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues based on ultrasound elastography data. Approach. Plantar soft tissue was chosen as the tissue of interest, and gelatine-phantoms replicating its mechanical properties were manufactured for validation of the protocol. Both plantar soft tissue and the phantom were scanned using Reverberant shear wave ultrasound (US) elastography at 400–600 Hz. Shear wave speed was estimated using the US particle velocity data. The viscoelastic parameters were extracted by fitting the Young’s modulus as a function of frequency derived from the constitutive equations of the eight rheological models (four classic and their fractional-derivative versions) to the shear wave dispersion data. Furthermore, stress-time functions derived from the eight rheological models were fitted to the phantom stress-relaxation data. Main results. The viscoelastic parameters estimated using elastography data based on the fractional-derivative (FD) models, compared to the classic models, were closer to those quantified using the mechanical test. In addition, the FD-Maxwell and FD-Kelvin–Voigt models showed to more effectively replicate the viscoelastic behaviour of the plantar soft tissue with minimum number of model parameters (

R

2

= 0.72 for both models) . Hence the FD-KV and FD-Maxwell models can more effectively quantify the viscoelastic characteristics of the soft tissue compared to other models. Significance. In this study, a method for mechanical characterisation of the viscoelastic properties of soft tissue in ultrasound elastography was developed and fully validated. An investigation into the most valid rheological model and its applications in plantar soft tissue assessment were also presented. This proposed approach for the characterisation of viscous and elastic mechanical properties of soft tissue has implications in assessing the soft tissue function where those can be used as markers for diagnosis or prognosis of tissue status.
Plasma beta dependence of ion temperature gradient driven turbulence influenced by Shafranov shift
Authors: Niiro M , Ishizawa A , Nakamura Y , Maeyama S , Watanabe T-H
Published: March 2023

Plasma β dependence of ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence is investigated using gyrokinetic simulations, where β is the normalized pressure. In our β scan, self-consistent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium state is numerically calculated for each value of β. It is found that the influence of the Shafranov shift cancels out the electromagnetic stabilizing effect on the ITG mode, and the growth rate of the ITG mode is accordingly unchanged as β increases. As a result, the turbulent energy transport does not decrease with β as suggested by the

s
−
α

model (Ishizawa et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
123 025003). A significant difference from the

s
−
α

model is the increase of the energy transport with β. It is also found that the critical onset β value for the kinetic ballooning mode is significantly increased by the influence of the Shafranov shift. The cancellation of the electromagnetic stabilization by the Shafranov shift is explained by the decrease of magnetic drift frequency in the dispersion relation of electromagnetic ITG modes obtained by using a fluid approximation.
Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering in plasma by an ultra-wideband stochastic phase low-coherence laser
Authors: Yi S Y , Zhou H Y , Jiao J L , Wang H Z , Yan R , Zhang P D , Yin Y
Published: March 2023

Suppression of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) by a stochastic phase low-coherence laser (SPLL) in homogeneous plasma is investigated by theoretical analysis and one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. A simple model is established, in which the SPLL is modelled as a combination of a monochromatic laser and a broadband laser. When the phase randomness increases, the bandwidth of the SPLL is broadened and the energy proportion of the monochromatic laser component is reduced. PIC simulation shows that the SPLL can effectively suppress SRS and hot electron generation. Various phenomena in the nonlinear process, such as the nonlinear frequency shift and the competition between forward-scattering and back-scattering modes, are explained in detail.
Enhanced multi-material 4D printing hybrid composites based on shape memory polymer/thermoplastic elastomer
Authors: Wang Peipei , Li Guiwei , Li Ke , Liu Xilin , Wang Jing , Liu Tianyu , Wu Wenzheng
Published: March 2023

An improved one-shot thermoplastic elastomer reinforced shape memory polymer (SMP) four-dimensional (4D) printing method for hybrid composite samples is proposed. Through the new reinforcement method of interlayer overlapping, the problem of inability to bond between polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is overcome, and the composite materials had excellent bonding properties. The feature of the improved manufacturing method is that the interface between PLA and TPU materials has continuous overlapping layers, and the boundary is wavy. Herein the complex multi-material space structure can be manufactured with a three-dimensional curved bonding surface. The shape memory and mechanical properties of the PLA/TPU hybrid composite sample are significantly improved via the improved printing method. The shape memory recovery rate of PLA/TPU hybrid composite samples are all over above 99.5%, which is close to complete recovery. The fastest recovery time is 40.61% shorter than the recovery time of the pure PLA sample, showing good shape memory cycle performance. The peak recovery force is 6.92 times higher than the recovery force of the pure PLA sample. The impact strength is 9.87 times higher than the impact strength of pure PLA sample. The composites 4D printing method can be utilized to process complex parts with excellent interfacial bonding properties, shape memory properties, and mechanical properties, which has a promising application prospect in the manufacturing of PLA-based sensors and actuators.
Synthesis of biocompatible coating on Ni-Cr alloy by cathodic cage plasma processing technique as anti-pathogenic bacteria for medicinal applications
Authors: Asghar Muhammad , Yousaf Muhammad , Huwaimel Bader , Iqbal Tahir , Ahmed Irfan , Qureshi Muhammad Tauseef , Abrar Muhammad , Shafiq Muhammad , Almohammedi Abdullah , Hameed Reda Abdel , AlElaimi Mahmoud , Maryam Mishaal , Afsheen Sumera
Published: March 2023

The current research work reports the deposition of titanium-based multilayer coating (TiO/TiN) on Ni-Cr metallic alloy by a cathodic cage plasma processing technique using a titanium cage along with various combinations of gas mixtures i.e., N2-H2-Ar-O2 at 400 °C. The samples were characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which revealed the surface coating of TiO/TiN with Ti 2p at 462 eV, N 1s at 406 eV and O 1s at 530.09 eV. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the polycrystalline structure in the titanium-based coating with (111) for TiO/TiN and a crystallite size of 32 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of titanium-based TiO/TiN coatings was well correlated with the above mentioned findings. Corrosion analysis using polarization potentio-dynamic plots (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significant improvement in various corrosion parameters like corrosion resistance, corrosion rate, surface porosity, corrosion protection efficiency, impedance, and charge transfer resistance. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the leaching of toxic ions (Ni, Cr) from untreated and treated specimens in NaCl electrolyte. Findings revealed efficient antibacterial activity of TiO/TiN-coated specimens against E. coli and S. aureus as compared to untreated samples. This work will be helpful for understanding the biological features of metallic materials for medicinal applications.
Nitrogen fluorescence emission induced by femtosecond vortex beams in air
Authors: Li Suyu , Wang Yaqiu , Zhang Yun , Liang Canneng , Yu Miao , Liu Yang , Jin Mingxing
Published: March 2023

Fluorescence emission is a typical nonlinear phenomenon occurring during the femtosecond laser filamentation in air. The characteristics of nitrogen fluorescence emission induced by femtosecond vortex beams in air are experimentally studied. It is found that the topological charge has a great influence on the nitrogen fluorescence emission induced by a femtosecond filament: the fluorescence signals from nitrogen molecules (e.g., 337, 357 and 380 nm spectral lines) and molecular nitrogen ions (e.g., 391 and 428 nm spectral lines) differ much in the intensity distribution along the propagation direction. The discrepancy is explained by revisiting the generation mechanisms for nitrogen fluorescence, and it is found that the intersystem crossing scheme can account for it, indicating that the intersystem crossing scheme plays the main role in the formation of

N

2

(

C

3

∏

u

+

)

.

This work is helpful to the understanding of the physical mechanism of fluorescence emission induced by the filamentation of femtosecond vortex beams in air.
Ghost and Laplacian instabilities in teleparallel Horndeski gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Caruana Maria , Levi Said Jackson , Sultana Joseph
Published: March 2023

Teleparallel geometry offers a platform on which to build up theories of gravity where
torsion rather than curvature mediates gravitational interaction. The teleparallel analogue of
Horndeski gravity is an approach to teleparallel geometry where scalar-tensor theories are
considered in this torsional framework. Teleparallel gravity is based on the tetrad
formalism. This turns out to result in a more general formalism of Horndeski gravity. In other
words, the class of teleparallel Horndeski gravity models is much broader than the standard metric
one. In this work, we explore constraints on this wide range of models coming from ghost and
Laplacian instabilities. The aim is to limit pathological branches of the theory by fundamental
considerations. It is possible to conclude that a very large class of models results physically
viable.
Joint constraints on cosmological parameters using future multi-band gravitational wave standard siren observations*
Authors: Jin Shang-Jie , Xing Shuang-Shuang , Shao Yue , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2023

Gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary coalescences can be used as standard sirens to explore the cosmic expansion history. In the next decades, it is anticipated that we could obtain the multi-band GW standard siren data (from nanohertz to a few hundred hertz), which are expected to play an important role in cosmological parameter estimation. In this work, we provide, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, joint constraints on cosmological parameters using the future multi-band GW standard siren observations. We simulate the multi-band GW standard sirens based on the SKA-era pulsar timing array (PTA), Taiji observatory, and Cosmic Explorer (CE) to perform cosmological analysis. In the ΛCDM model, we find that the joint PTA+Taiji+CE data could provide a tight constraint on the Hubble constant with a

precision. Moreover, PTA+Taiji+CE could break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by CMB, especially in the dynamical dark energy models. When combining the PTA+Taiji+CE data with the CMB data, the constraint precisions of

and

are

and

, respectively, meeting the standard of precision cosmology. The joint CMB+PTA+Taiji+CE data give

in the wCDM model and

and

in the

CDM model, which are comparable with or close to the latest constraint results by CMB+BAO+SN. In conclusion, the future multi-band GW observations are expected to be used for exploring the nature of dark energy and measuring the Hubble constant.
Household wealth, neighbourhood deprivation and frailty amongst middle-aged and older adults in England: a longitudinal analysis over 15 years (2002–2017)
Authors: Maharani Asri , Sinclair David R , Chandola Tarani , Bower Peter , Clegg Andrew , Hanratty Barbara , Nazroo James , Pendleton Neil , Tampubolon Gindo , Todd Chris , Wittenberg Raphael , O'Neill Terence W , Matthews Fiona E
Published: March 2023

Background

frailty is a condition of reduced function and health due to ageing processes and is associated with a higher risk of falls, hospitalisation, disability and mortality.

Objective

to determine the relationship between household wealth and neighbourhood deprivation with frailty status, independently of demographic factors, educational attainment and health behaviours.

Design

population-based cohort study.

Setting

communities in England.

Subjects

in total 17,438 adults aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Methods

multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression was used in this study. Frailty was measured using a frailty index. We defined small geographic areas (neighbourhoods) using English Lower layer Super Output Areas. Neighbourhood deprivation was measured by the English Index of Multiple Deprivation, grouped into quintiles. Health behaviours included in this study are smoking and frequency of alcohol consumption.

Results

the proportion of respondents who were prefrail and frail were 33.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 33.0–34.6%] and 11.7 (11.1–12.2)%, respectively. Participants in the lowest wealth quintile and living in the most deprived neighbourhood quintile had 1.3 (95% CI = 1.2–1.3) and 2.2 (95% CI = 2.1–2.4) times higher odds of being prefrail and frail, respectively, than the wealthiest participants living in the least deprived neighbourhoods Living in more deprived neighbourhood and poorer wealth was associated with an increased risk of becoming frail. Those inequalities did not change over time.

Conclusions

in this population-based sample, living in a deprived area or having low wealth was associated with frailty in middle-aged and older adults. This relationship was independent of the effects of individual demographic characteristics and health behaviours.
Does deep cerebral venous engorgement contribute to non-hydrocephalic pineal cysts becoming symptomatic? Some missing links
Authors: Santarius Thomas , Pickard John D
Published: March 2023

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Physiological alterations of pineal recess crowding in symptomatic non-hydrocephalic pineal cysts’ by Eide et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcad078).
Novel integrated three-port DC/DC converter for different operating modes between renewable energy, electrolyser and fuel cell/battery
Authors: Jiang Lilei , Qu Jianxin , Kong Lingguo , Qian Hejianuig , Liu Chuang , Cai Guowei
Published: March 2023

Due to the slow dynamic power-regulation characteristics of the electrolyser (EL), a novel integrated three-port DC/DC converter topology based on a phase-shifted full-bridge converter and dual active-bridge converter is proposed in this paper. Especially, the proposed converter can achieve a fast auxiliary response to the EL. This topology has the features of single-stage conversion, high system integration and compatibility with multiple operation modes. The operational principles and a hybrid modulation scheme of the proposed converter are analysed in detail. In addition, the power-transmission characteristics of each port and the soft-switching range are researched. On these bases, six operation modes suitable for a hydrogen energy-storage system are designed. The simulation and a 2-kW scaled-down experimental prototype are established to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology in different operation modes.
An infant with acute decompensated heart failure caused by afterload mismatch due to tumour-induced secondary hypertension: a case report
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Doi Yuji , Nodomi Seishiro , Waki Kenji
Published: March 2023

Background

Hypertensive crisis is a relatively rare condition among infants and usually occurs secondary to an underlying disease. If not managed promptly, it is life-threatening and can lead to irreversible damage to vital organs. While secondary hypertension due to tumours has been reported previously, acute decompensated heart failure is rare, especially in the paediatric population.

Case summary

A 2-month-old female infant presented with poor feeding and poor body weight gain. She was extremely ill, and blood gas analysis showed prominent acidosis (pH 6.945). The patient was intubated and referred to our hospital for further care. Her arterial blood pressure (BP) was as high as 142/62 mmHg. Echocardiography showed decreased left ventricular function with an ejection fraction of 19.5% and a left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 25.8 mm (Z score = 2.71). We promptly started treatment with antihypertensive drugs. She had no congenital heart disease or any lesions that may have caused an increased afterload. There was no palpable mass suggestive of the tumour; however, close examination with abdominal echo and subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed a left kidney mass. Blood tests suggested renin-dependent hypertension due to the tumour causing an excessive afterload. Laparoscopic left nephrectomy improved cardiac function improved as BP decreased.

Discussion

Blood pressure measurement is often omitted in daily practice when examining infants because of difficulty in measurement. However, BP may be the only detectable sign in patients with secondary hypertension before decompensated heart failure, and BP should also be measured in infants.
Neighbourhood Gangs, Crime Spillovers and Teenage Motherhood
Authors: Dustmann Christian , Mertz Mikkel , Okatenko Anna
Published: March 2023

Using an identification strategy based on random assignment of refugees to different municipalities in Denmark between 1986 and 1998, we find strong evidence that gang crime rates in the neighbourhood at assignment increase the probability of boys to commit crimes before the age of 19, and that gang crime (but not other crime) increases the likelihood of teenage motherhood for girls. Higher levels of gang crime also have detrimental and long-lasting effects, with men experiencing significantly higher levels of inactivity and women experiencing lower earnings and higher levels of welfare benefit claims at ages 19 to 28.
Identification and characterization of cotton PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS in temperature-dependent flowering
Authors: Liu Ling-yun , Jia Ming-zhu , Wang Sheng-nan , Han Shuan , Jiang Jing
Published: March 2023

PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) integrate light and temperature signs to control plant growth and development. However, little is known about PIFs in crop plants such as cotton. Here, we identified 68 PIF proteins and their coding genes from an allotetraploid and three diploid ancestors. Cotton PIFs contain typical ACTIVEPHYA-BINDING (APA) and ACTIVE PHYB-BINDING (APB) motifs by which they bind to phytochrome phyA and phyB, respectively, and have a BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) domain and a nuclear localization sequence necessary for bHLH-type transcription factors. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the promoter of each PIF gene contains multiple cis-acting elements and that the evolution of cotton genomes probably underwent loss, recombination, and tandem replication. Further observations indicated that the sensitivity of cotton PIF expression to high temperature was significantly different from that to low temperature. We found that allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum PIF4a (GhPIF4a) was induced by high temperature. GhPIF4a promotes flowering in cotton and Arabidopsis and binds to the promoter of GhFT (G. hirsutum FLOWERING LOCUS T), and binding increased with increasing temperature. Our work identifies the evolutionary and structural characteristics and functions of PIF family members in cotton.
The DSM-5 Maladaptive Trait Model for Personality Disorders
Authors: Freilich Colin D. , Krueger Robert F. , Hobbs Kelsey A. , Hopwood Christopher J. , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: March 2023

The classification of personality disorders (PDs) is integral to clinical science and practice and has been of interest to nosological researchers for decades. The work has revealed various shortcomings of traditional diagnostic approaches, largely stemming from the fact that personality features and psychopathological symptoms do not tend to cluster into distinct categories but rather are better understood along continuous dimensions. The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) reflects this dimensionality, conceiving of PDs as clinically significant difficulties in personality functioning (Criterion A) as expressed in continuous, maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B). The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is the primary tool for assessing Criterion B, and, since its initial publication in 2012, has garnered considerable empirical attention. This chapter reviews the evidence for the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the DSM-5 Maladaptive Trait Model (Criterion B), in effect analyzing the extent to which it addresses diagnostic shortcomings. The authors aim to place the Trait Model in the broader context of clinical science by exploring its coverage of traditional PD syndromes and its relations with the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, psychopathology more generally, and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (Criterion A).
Intermittent Fasting Protects Against Age-Induced Rat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia via Preservation of Prostatic Histomorphology, Modification of Oxidative Stress, and Beclin-1/P62 Pathway
Authors: Gamal El-Tahawy Nashwa Fathy , Ahmed Rifaai Rehab
Published: March 2023

Intermittent fasting (IF) has several beneficial effects on most age-related degenerative changes in the body. Here we aimed to investigate the impact of IF on the biochemical and morphological abnormalities associated with normal aging in rat prostate. Thirty male albino rats were used and divided into three equal groups: adult group, rats aged 3 months; aged group, rats aged 15 months; and IF-aged group, rats aged 15 months maintained on intermittent fasting. After 3 months, prostates were excised and processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Aging resulted in prostatic histological changes that resemble those of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, decreased glutathione (GSH) level, reduction of autophagy, and increased proliferation. Intermittent fasting ameliorated these described age-related prostatic changes. It could be concluded that IF could prevent age-induced BPH. This occurs via its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects, suppression of oxidative stress, and by improving autophagy via Beclin-1/P62 modulation. These mechanisms underlie the IF-mediated protection against age-related BPH. Because of IF safety and easy availability over BPH medications, it might be promising for managing BPH after further clinical studies.
Chloroplast SRP54 and FtsH protease coordinate thylakoid membrane-associated proteostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lei Yang , Li Bilang , Wang Xiaomin , Wei Junyou , Wang Peiyi , Zhao Jun , Yu Fei , Qi Yafei
Published: March 2023

Thylakoid membrane protein quality control (PQC), which requires the coordination of membrane protein translocation and degradation of unassembled proteins, determines chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Despite numerous efforts, the regulation of this process in land plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of pale green Arabidopsis4 (pga4) mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with defects in chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Map-based cloning and complementation assays confirmed that PGA4 encodes the chloroplast Signal Recognition Particle 54 kDa (cpSRP54) protein. A heterogeneous Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Binding-Green Fluorescent Protein (LhcB2-GFP) fusion protein was generated as an indicative reporter for cpSRP54-mediated thylakoid translocation. LhcB2-GFP was dysfunctional and degraded to a short-form dLhcB2-GFP during de-etiolation through an N-terminal degradation initiated on thylakoid membranes. Further biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrated that the degradation of LhcB2-GFP to dLhcB2-GFP was disrupted in pga4 and yellow variegated2 (var2) mutants caused by mutations in the Filamentous Temperature-Sensitive H2 (VAR2/AtFtsH2) subunit of thylakoid FtsH. The yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the N-terminus of LhcB2-GFP interacts with the protease domain of VAR2/AtFtsH2. Moreover, the over-accumulated LhcB2-GFP in pga4 and var2 formed protein aggregates, which were insoluble in mild nonionic detergents. Genetically, cpSRP54 is a suppressor locus for the leaf variegation phenotype of var2. Together, these results demonstrate the coordination of cpSRP54 and thylakoid FtsH in maintaining thylakoid membrane PQC during the assembly of photosynthetic complexes and provide a trackable substrate and product for monitoring cpSRP54-dependent protein translocation and FtsH-dependent protein degradation.
Effects of Atorvastatin on Bile Acid Metabolism in High-fat Diet–fed ApoE−/− Mice
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Honglin , Liang Jiyi , Wang Tao , Liu Jia , Pi Xiaofeng , Zou Wenjun , Qu Liping
Published: March 2023

Statins are considered as the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, where pleiotropic effects are thought to contribute greatly in addition to the lipid-lowering effect. Bile acid metabolism has been gradually reported to be involved in the antihyperlipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of statins, but with inconsistent results and few studies carried out on animal models of atherosclerosis. The study aimed to examine the possible role of bile acid metabolism in the lipid-lowering and antiatherosclerotic effects of atorvastatin (ATO) in high-fat diet–fed ApoE−/− mice. The results showed that the levels of liver and faecal TC as well as ileal and faecal TBA were significantly increased in mice of the model group after 20 weeks of high-fat diet feeding compared with the control group, with significantly downregulated mRNA expression of liver LXR-α, CYP7A1, BSEP, and NTCP. ATO treatment further increased the levels of ileal and faecal TBA and faecal TC, but no obvious effect was observed on serum and liver TBA. In addition, ATO significantly reversed the mRNA levels of liver CYP7A1 and NTCP, and no obvious changes were observed in the expression of LXR-α and BSEP. Our study suggested that statins may enhance the synthesis of bile acids and facilitate the reabsorption of bile acids from the ileum via portal into the liver, possibly through the upregulation of the expression of CYP7A1 and NTCP. The results are helpful in enriching the theoretical basis for the clinical use of statins and have good translational value.
Native liver survival in bile salt export pump deficiency: results of a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pfister Eva-Doreen , Jaeger Veronika K , Karch André , Shay Denys , Schukfeh Nagoud , Ohlendorf Johanna , Junge Norman , Goldschmidt Imeke , Stalke Amelie , Keitel-Anselmino Verena , Baumann Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Background:

Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) deficiency [Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC2)] is the most common genetic cause of PFIC and is associated with pruritus and progressive liver disease. Surgical biliary diversion or pharmacological [ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor (IBATi)] approaches can be used to block the recirculation of bile acids to the liver. There is a paucity of detailed data on the natural history and, in particular, the longitudinal evolution of bile acid levels to predict treatment response. Cross-sectional data from large international consortia suggested a maximum cutoff value of bile acids after the intervention to predict a successful outcome.

Methods:

This retrospective, single-center, cohort study included all patients with confirmed biallelic pathogenic ABCB11 genotype PFIC2 treated at our institution with ≥2 years follow-up. The outcomes of interventions and predictors of long-term health were analyzed.

Results:

Forty-eight cases were identified with PFIC2. Eighteen received partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) surgery, and 22 patients underwent liver transplantation. Two patients developed HCC and 2 died. Improved survival with native liver was closely associated with genotype, complete normalization of serum bile acids following PEBD, and alleviation of pruritus. Persistence of mild-to-moderate elevation of bile acids or a secondary rise following normalization was associated with liver disease progression and led to transplantation, suggesting that any prolonged elevation of bile acids worsens the chance of native liver survival. Higher-grade fibrosis at the time of PEBD was not associated with reduced long-term native liver survival. Patients with PFIC2 benefit from PEBD even at a stage of advanced fibrosis.

Conclusion:

Serum bile acid levels are an early predictor of treatment response and might serve as the gold standard in the evaluation of novel therapies including IBATi.