bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DELOCA
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Guerrero Lilián
Published: March 2022

Descripciones locativas de figuras animadas e inanimadas (DELOCA) es una Batería de elicitación no verbal dirigida a recolectar relaciones topológicas en campo. La Batería DELOCA complementa los instrumentos disponibles, pues también busca el registro del elemento predicativo que señala la ubicación de referentes en el espacio. La originalidad de la Batería se resume en dos puntos. Primero, registra la postura y cambios de postura de personas con el fin de evaluar si los verbos posturales que describen entidades humanas son los mismos (o no) a los utilizados con entidades inanimadas. Segundo, se incluyen objetos con características inherentes que habían sido poco registradas en los instrumentos anteriores. Así, además de entidades animadas que suelen mantener una posición canónica (conejo, grillo, víbora, gallina), se incluyen entidades inanimadas que refieren a objetos concretos, individualizados y contables (cuchillo, libro, vara, bicicleta, silla) así como objetos menos concretos, ya sea porque no se pueden individualizar (sal, agua, café, carne), porque suelen conceptualizarse como pares (tijeras, zapatos) o como colectivos (cementerio, pueblo, plumas, nubes, flores, plantas, llaves). Este tipo de entidades aparecen como figuras y, ocasionalmente, como fondos. En aquellas lenguas que tienen más de un elemento predicativo locativo, la pregunta de investigación es si las entidades menos concretas se asocian con los mismos verbos locativos que los objetos concretos, si eligen verbos copulativos u otro tipo de predicación o cláusula. La Batería consiste en dos partes. En la Parte 1 se presentan 16 videoclips que registran el cambio de lugar y postura de entidades humanas (predicados incoativos y causativos). En la Parte 2 se presentan 54 imágenes fotográficas que registran entidades humanas, animadas e inanimadas localizadas en un fondo (predicados estativos). Este material se puede descargar en formato de video (las dos partes en secuencia) o de manera individual. Si se desea, se puede proporcionar un archivo powerpoint con los materiales (consultar a la responsable del proyecto).
Infrarot-Thermographie in der Bauforschung : Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Luib Anna
Published: March 2022

Infrarot-Thermographie lässt sich für eine Vielzahl bauforscherischer Fragestellungen einsetzen: Vor allem im Bereich der zerstörungsfreien Voruntersuchungen, bei Fassadendokumentationen, Konstruktions- und Gefügeanalysen, Baufugen und -anschlüssen oder auch im Fall nachträglich veränderter Bauteile kann Thermographie zur Klärung beitragen. Darüber hinaus eignet sich das Verfahren zur Schadensanalyse und -dokumentation. Risse und Hohlstellen, Materialdegenerationen, Oberflächenveränderungen und Feuchte können unter entsprechenden Umgebungsbedingungen in Thermogrammen dargestellt werden. Vor allem in der Kombination mit anderen, sich ergänzenden, möglichst zerstörungsfreien Analysemethoden können so bauforscherische und denkmalpflegerische aber auch archäologische oder restaurierungswissenschaftliche Fragestellungen umfassend untersucht und geklärt werden. Ziel dieser Handreichung ist es, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Anwendung von Infrarot-Thermographie im Bereich der Bauforschung anschaulich und praxisnah darzustellen und gleichzeitig in einen entsprechenden wissenschaftlichen Kontext zu setzen. Damit soll der Methodenkanon zur zerstörungsfreien Erfassung, Analyse und Erschließung komplexer Objekte der Bau- und Kunstdenkmalpflege erweitert und in seiner praktischen Anwendung veranschaulicht werden. Infrared thermography can be used for a variety of building archaeological research issues and can help to answer many questions in this field, particularly in the area of non-destructive preliminary examinations, façade documentation and structural analysis. It can also aid in the investigation of construction joints and reveal the history of building alterations. The procedure is also suitable for damage analysis and documentation. Under appropriate ambient conditions, cracks and voids, material degeneration, surface changes and moisture can be revealed by thermograms. Especially when used in combination with other non-destructive analysis methods, issues from building archaeological research and heritage conservation, as well as archaeological or restoration questions, can be examined and comprehensively clarified. The aim of this manual is to present both the potentials and limitations of infrared thermography in the field of building archaeology, and to place them in a corresponding scientific context. The intention is to expand the range of available methods for the non-destructive recording, analysis and indexing of complex objects in the preservation of buildings and monuments and illustrate the practical application of infrared thermography.
Investigation of 5-Year Interconnections between Local Earth Magnetic Field Fluctuations and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Lithuania
Authors: Smalinskas Vilmantas , Vainoras Alfonsas , Ziubryte Greta , Jarusevicius Gediminas , Ragulskis Minvydas Kazys , McCraty Rollin
Published: March 2022

The impact of the local Earth magnetic field (LEMF) on cardiovascular events has been studied recently. Data gathered during past years encouraged us to conduct this epidemiological analysis evaluating the association between changes in LEMF and hospital admissions due to AMI in Lithuania between August 2014 and September 2019. This study is unique due to its coverage of all Lithuanian patients. The frequency of morbidity of AMI was compared with the intensity of the LEMF and correlation coefficient was evaluated. The LEMF was measured by the Global Coherence Monitoring Network magnetometer located in Lithuania. LEMF was measured by pikotesla square (pT²). The LEMF was analized in five frequency ranges [Hz], generally called between Schumann resonance, which overlap with the human brain activity waves on electroencefalogram (EEG) frequency ranges (here, they are named as SDelta (0-3.5Hz), STheta (3.5-7Hz), SAlpha (7-15Hz), SBeta (15-32Hz) and SGamma (32-65Hz) to distinguish from the EEG bands). Significant correlations between weekly admissions of AMI cases and the weekly LEMF strength in five frequency ranges and in total range was found. A clear negative correlation was observed between cases of AMI in female group and LEMF frequency ranges SDelta (0-3.5Hz), STheta (3.5-7Hz), SAlpha (7-15Hz), SBeta (15-32Hz) and in total range. In the second half of the year the number of AMI is lower, therefore negative correlations between SDelta (0-3.5Hz), STheta (3.5-7Hz), SAlpha (7-15Hz) and SBeta (15-32Hz) ranges are stronger than in the first one. This is particularly noticeable in 2016 and 2018 years.
Preschool Experience as Predictor of Language Learning Outcomes among a Sample of Grades 1, 2, and 3 Students in Bahrain
Authors: Arora Bani , Mukalid Samar Habib , Fateel Moosa Jaafar
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of preschool experience on academic achievement, with specific reference to English language learning outcomes of Grades 1, 2 and 3 students in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Data from a representative sample of 402 students covering all three grades, from Bahrain public elementary schools were statistically analyzed using mean scores, t-test and one-way ANOVA test. The findings of the study revealed consistently higher mean scores in all the three grades for students who attended preschool compared with those who did not attend preschool. There was no significant difference found in ANOVA scores within the grades. The authors of this study recommend extensive research and the integration of pre schools with elementary schools as part of compulsory education; a national level quality measurement system is also recommended for a better future of the nation.
Utilization of Cassava Processing Liquid Waste as Raw Material for Making Biodegradable Plastics with the Addition of Glycerol Plasticizer
Authors: Iswendi Iswendi , Iryani Iryani , Alpira Alpira , Putra Regi Fadila
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to utilize cassava processing liquid waste into biodegradable plastic with glycerol as a plasticizer. This experimental study varies the amount of glycerol: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) mL. The resulting biodegradable plastics were analyzed for physical properties consist of (water content and degree of swelling), mechanical properties consist of (tensile strength, elongation, elasticity), biodegradation, and structural properties. Fourier Transform Infra-Red and x-ray diffraction were employed for the studies. The results showed that the more glycerol added, the greater the percentage of water content and the degree of swelling were obtained. The optimum tensile of the biodegradable plastic was reached with 3 mL of glycerol, giving the strength of 27.49 N/mm2, elongation 0.107 N/mm2, elasticity 4.804 MPa. Biodegradable plastic with the addition of 5 mL of glycerol degraded up to 60.777%. The FTIR spectra showed almost the same peaks between plastics without the addition of glycerol and glycerol. Meanwhile, XRD data shows that the degree of crystallinity of plastic without glycerol is higher than that of plastic with the addition of glycerol.
Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiations for the Intensification on Biodiesel Productions: a Mini Review
Authors: Sagadevan Suresh , Yahya Amri , Fatimah Is
Published: March 2022

This mini review discusses the roles of intensification process in biodiesel production. Due to the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry as a foundation for sustainability, the shorter time and efficient energy consumption highlighted the use of microwave and ultrasound irradiation for increasing conversion of biodiesel.The principles and some examples for the process are exhibited. It can be summarized that the intensifications are important innovations, but some optimization and life cycle analysis are required in applicable scales.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in Milk Products by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Abidin Nurul Auni Zainal , Kassim Nur Sofiah Abu Kassim , Izzadin Sheikh Ahmad , Ghazali Sheikh Mohd , Pungot Noor Hidayah , Kamni Siti Sufiana
Published: March 2022

Milk products are essential food in the human diet because it contains many essential trace minerals such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, sodium, potassium and phosphorous. The utilization of, milk is increasing at a large scale throughout the world. It is essential to maintain the good quality of milk during production and manufacturing because the presence of toxic metals in the milk becomes the cause of health disturbance in human life. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to determine concentrations of lead, nickel, iron, copper, and chromium in powdered milk and fresh milk products by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Different milk samples of products (two fresh milks and two powdered milks) were purchased from the local market. For the decomposition of the organic substances in milk samples, wet digestion was used with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid in volume proportions 1:3 (v/v). The analytical curve for all metals covered the linear range from 0.5 to 4.0 ppm with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9994. The limit of detection (LOD) for Pb, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Cr were found to be 0.25, 0.023, 0.012, 0.0067, and 0.073 ppm, respectively. While the limit of quantification (LOQ) in the range of 0.02 to 0.76 ppm. Of all the metals determined, Pb, Ni, and Fe were the most abundant with concentrations between 1.233 and 1.677 ppm while Cr was not detected in all the samples. The results showed that fresh milk samples have a higher concentration of heavy metals compared to powdered milk samples.
Validation Method on Green Analysis of Nitrite in Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Rohyami Yuli , Rahmah Lutfiana Aida , Iniati Endah
Published: March 2022

The development and validation of methods on green analysis of nitrite in domestic wastewater has been carried out. This study is focused on the development and validation of nitrite determination using a smaller sample size with test kit nitrite from phosphoric acid, acid sulfanilamide, and N-(-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. The validation parameters studied include linearity, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, and uncertainty. Based on the study, the green analysis procedure has good linearity with the linear regression equation of y = 2.8405x + 0.0043 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9992. Green analysis can be used detection and quantification nitrite in domestic wastewater at low concentration levels with the limit of detection of 0.01 mg/L and the limit of quantification of 0.03 mg/L. This green analysis procedure has good precision and accuracy with a % RSD of 1.61% and % recovery of 109.61%. Based on the study, the determination of nitrite with the green analysis method in domestic wastewater can be used at low concentration levels. The concentration of nitrite is 0.05 + 0.01 mg/L for inlet sample and 0.04 + 0.01 mg/L for outlet sample
Influence of Mixing Time and Mass Ratio of Precursor on Preparation of Magnetic Biochar Derived from Cassava Peel (Manihot utilissima)
Authors: Anas Argo Khoirul , Mutiara Rosyida , Musawwa Muhammad Miqdam , Taftazani Agus
Published: March 2022

The use of magnetic biochar to overcome aquatic environmental problem has received interesting attention in recent years. Several methods in preparing magnetic biochar have been applied including impregnation-pyrolysis, chemical co-precipitation, and reductive co-precipitation. In case of co-precipitation method, the obtained magnetic biochar is relatively stable and easy to handle, that make it important to study. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of mixing time and mass ratio of precursor on preparation of magnetic biochar using this method. The cassava peel (Manihot utilissima) was used as feedstock for biochar preparation. The magnetic biochar which is characterised using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX analysis was successfully prepared and applied as an adsorbent for MB. The optimum mixing time of precursor was identified at 60 minutes and maximum mass ratio was achieved at 1:1 of biochar:Fe3O4. Importantly, it can be known that MB adsorption successfully improved with the increase of mixing time, up to the optimum adsorption capacity at 60 minutes of precursor mixing time. Furthermore, at the mass ratio of 1:1 magnetic biochar displayed the highest adsorption capacity. The parameter in preparation method developed in this work can be used as an additional information in the magnetic biochar preparation
Analysis of Hotels Spatial Clustering in Bali: Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application Noise (DBSCAN) Algorithm Approach
Authors: Fauzan Achmad , Novianti Afdelia , Ramadhani Raden Rara Mentari Ayu , Adhiwibawa Marcelinus Alfafisurya Setya
Published: March 2022

Bali is one of the hearts of tourism in Indonesia. The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic has made this tourist paradise also affected the wheels of the economy. Based on this, this study aims to determine the density clustering of one of the economic supporters in Bali, namely hospitality. The study began with the quadrant method and Ripley's K-Function to measure the distribution pattern of hospitality. From the results of the two methods, the distribution pattern of hotels in Bali is more towards clusters than random or regular distribution. If the point distribution pattern is more towards the cluster, it is continued with the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to form spatial clustering. In the DBSCAN algorithm, a combination of parameters, namely minimum points (MinPts) and epsilon (Eps), is carried out with evaluation using the silhouette average width value. From the results of the DBSCAN algorithm, the clustering results show that the distribution of hotels in Bali forms clusters and tends to approach the surrounding tourist attractions, such as near the beach, city market, and mountainous areas. It can help policymakers if they want to prioritize economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic.
Analytical Calculation of Superconducting Transition Temperatures Including a Complete Consideration of Many-Body Interactions and Non-equilibrium States
Authors: Ishiguri Shinichi
Published: March 2022

In this work, we analytically describe a superconducting transition in a non-equilibrium state taking into account many-body interactions; the obtained transition temperatures indicate the presence of superconductivity at room temperatures.First, we consider many-body interactions and discuss the case of locally thermal equilibrium with many-body interactions; in this section, we derive statistical equations that describe many-body interactions at locally thermal equilibrium state. Then, the same theory is used to derive a many-body statistical equation that is expanded to include the case of non-equilibrium states; in this case a transition temperature is derived. Moreover, a wave function of an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pair (EPR pair) is calculated according to the Lorentz conservation, and a specific condensation is observed and the Meissner effect is found to be present.Furthermore, considering the Lorentz conservations, relativistic energy, and Boltzmann statistics, algorithms are presented to calculate charge density, current density, and internal local energy. We note that these calculations do not require a specific code but instead utilize the software Microsoft Excel.We present plots showing the charge density and current density vs. the applied electric potential, which demonstrate the practical applicability of the theory. Moreover, internal local energy was found to be close to zero for sufficiently large electric potentials at room temperature.In the discussion section, the universally induced superconducting current is derived, which can be employed as the renewable energy.This paper describes non-equilibrium and EPR-pair type superconductivity, with the complete consideration of many-body interactions.
A Comparison of the Postoperative Outcomes Between Intraoperative Leak Testing and Non-Intraoperative Leak Testing for Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Yunhong , Liu Shunying , Bai Dan , Qi Shouliang , Wesemann Luke , Qin Xiangzhi , Huang Wentao , Peng Yong , Ren Mingyang , Hu Jiani
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Postoperative anastomotic leakage (PAL) is a serious complication of gastric cancer surgery. Although perioperative management has made significant progress, anastomotic leakage (AL) cannot always be prevented. Intraoperative leak testing (IOLT) may reduce the incidence of PAL and other postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between IOLT and postoperative surgical complications in gastric cancer surgery.
Materials and methods
In this meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials to assess the application of IOLT in gastric cancer surgery. Studies comparing the postoperative outcomes of IOLT and non-intraoperative leak testing (NIOLT) were included. Quality assessment, heterogeneity, risk of bias, and the level-of-evidence of the inclusions were evaluated. PAL, anastomosis-related complications, 30-day mortality, and reoperation rates were compared between the IOLT and NIOLT group.
Results
Our literature search returned 975 results, from which 3 trials (929 total patients) were included in our meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity was low. The primary outcome was PAL. IOLT statistically reduced the risk of PAL [3.08% vs9.54%; risk ratios (RR) 0.336, 95% CI, 0.189–0.600, P = 0.000]. It was also found that IOLT can lower the incidence of other postoperative outcomes. Anastomosis-related complication rates [3.94% vs13.14%; risk ratios (RR) 0.323, 95% CI, 0.182–0.572, P = 0.000] were significantly higher in the NIOLT group than the IOLT group. Moreover, IOLT was associated with lower reoperation rates [2.36% vs9.14%; risk ratios (RR) 0.301, 95% CI, 0.145–0.621, P = 0.001].
Conclusion
Due to the lower incidence of PAL, anastomosis-related complications, and reoperation rates, IOLT is recommended in gastric cancer surgery.
Bio-inspired ,Strong, Flexible Lignin/Cellulose Film with UV-Blocking, Water-Stable and Antioxidant Properties.
Authors: Liu Liangxian , Cui Boyu , Li Shuang , Liu Chaodong , Tan Lei , Weihong Wang
Published: March 2022

The use of low-cost, efficient methods to prepare thin-film materials to partially replace conventional materials in new applications is appealing. In this work, inspired by natural biological materials, we propose a strategy to prepare lignin/cellulose film with excellent strength and flexibility by building a sacrificial network. Coordination bonds and hydrogen bonds were constructed by ultrasonic treatment and the addition of ZnCl2 to lignin/cellulose films. The resulting films exhibited a tensile strength of up to 138.14 MPa, elongation at break of 14.78%, and folding resistance of 2,687 times, allowing it to be folded into complex shapes. Due to the addition of functional industrial waste lignin, the film displayed UV-blocking, water-stable, and antioxidant properties. The lignin/cellulose film is expected to be used in several new fields such as UV-blocking polymers and flexible integrated circuit boards in emerging electronics.
Face-to-face versus distance learning of basic suturing skills in novice learners: A quantitative prospective randomized trial
Authors: Zaghal Ahmad , Marley Charles , Rahhal Salim , Hassanieh Joelle , Saadeh Rami , El-Rifai Arwa , Qaraqe Taha , Bejjani Martine , Jaafar Rola , Hoballah Jamal J.
Published: March 2022

Background and aimTraditionally, practical skills are taught on face-to-face (F-F) basis. COVID-19 pandemic brought distance learning (DL) to the spotlight because of the social distancing mandates. We sought to determine the acceptability and effectiveness of DL of basic suturing in novice learners. MethodsA prospective randomized controlled trial involving 118 students was conducted. Participants were randomized into two groups for learning simple interrupted suturing: F-F and DL-groups. Evaluation was conducted by two assessors using a performance checklist and a global rating tool. Agreement between the assessors was calculated, and performance scores of the participants were compared. Participants’ satisfaction was assessed via a questionnaire.Results 59 students were randomized to the F-F group and 59 to the DL-group. Satisfactory agreement between the assessors was demonstrated. All participants were successful in placing three interrupted sutures, with no significant difference in the performance between the groups. 25(44.6%) of the respondents in the DL-group provided negative comments related to the difficulties of remotely learning visuospatial concepts, 16(28.5%) preferred the F-F approach.ConclusionDL of basic suturing is as effective as the F-F approach in novice learners. It is acceptable by the students despite the challenges related to the remote learning of practical skills.
Effects of Different Treatment Regimens on Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Muhetaer Muredili , Paerhati Keriman , Sun Qingchao , Li Desheng , Zong Liang , Zhang Haiping , Jing Xiaoliang , Zhang Liwei
Published: March 2022

Background: The best treatment strategy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax is controversial and varies widely in practice, so we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to clarify which treatment is optimal. Methods: Literatures were searched from relevant databases till 24 August 2021. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the outcomes of various treatment regimens with the following endpoints: recurrence rate; postoperative chest tube duration; postoperative air leakage duration; length of hospital stay and rate of complications. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve was used to rank the treatments. Results: 7210 patients of 20 randomized controlled trials and 17 cohort studies were included. In terms of recurrence reduction, there was no significant difference between any pairs of conservative treatment, manual aspiration and chest tube drainage. Surgical methods had a significantly lower recurrence rate compared to manual aspiration and chest tube drainage. Besides, bullectomy combined with additional procedures such as chemical pleurodesis, mechanical pleuodesis or staple line coverage can reduced the recurrence rate of PSP compared to bullectomy along, but none of them were statistically significant. In terms of reducing postoperative chest tube duration, “bullectomy with tubular Neoveil” outperformed “bullectomy + pleural abrasion” (MD, 95%CI: -2.5[-4.63, -0.35]) and “bullectomy + apical pleurectomy” (MD, 95%CI: -2.72[-5.16, -0.27]).Conclusions: Surgical methods were superior to manual aspiration, chest tube drainage and conservative treatment in terms of recurrence reduction. There was no significant difference between manual aspiration and chest tube drainage in reducing recurrence rate, but manual aspiration was linked to a shorter hospital stay and a lower rate of complications. Conservative treatment is an acceptable alternative to chest tube drainage or manual aspiration due to similar recurrence rates but lower incidence of complications. Among surgical methods, chemical pleuodesis is more effective than mechanical pleuodesis and staple line coverage among the additional procedures based on bullectomy. Moreover, bullectomy with tubular Neoveil was superior to bullectomy along. However, more randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and raise the level of evidence.Registration: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021236922).
Reinforcement of Cellulose Nanofibers On the Stiffness and Strength of Composite Sheets Under Dry and Wet Conditions
Authors: liu haoyue , Yano Hiroyuki , Abe Kentaro
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate how a wide range (0–100%) of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) addition affects the mechanical properties of composite sheets made of bleached pulp fibers and CNFs. It was found that adding CNFs could reduce the porosity of the sheets, thus increasing the dry Young’s modulus within the CNF addition range of 0–100%, whereas the dry specific Young’s modulus of all the sheets was constant. The dry tensile strength of the sheets increased as the CNF addition increased to 70% because of the increased hydrogen bond density between the pulp fibers. However, there was no further improvement in the dry tensile strength when the CNF addition was more than 70%. Although the wet Young’s modulus decreased when the CNF addition was more than 20% owing to the increase in the thickness of the sheets, the wet tensile strength of the sheets increased almost linearly as more CNFs were added up to 70%, and the maximum wet strength retention reached nearly 10% at 40% CNF addition.
Topsoil Carbon Stocks in Urban Greenspaces of The Hague, the Netherlands
Authors: Kortleve Anniek J , Mogollón José M , Heimovaara Timo J , Gebert Julia
Published: March 2022

This research studied soil C storage in urban greenspaces in the Dutch city of The Hague along a transect from the suburban seaside towards the city centre, reflecting a toposequence from sandy dune soils to peaty inland soils. C storage and C mineralisation potential were evaluated in relation to soil type and properties, land ownership, type of vegetation, litter management and eco-zone status. Several soil quality characteristics were measured, including dissolved organic C, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium carbonate, and the water-holding capacity of the soil.The total soil C storage of the upper 30 cm of the greenspaces in The Hague was estimated at 23.5 kt. Degradability of soil organic matter in laboratory batch tests varied between 0.2 and 2 mg C gSOC-1 d-1. Degradability was highest in the seaside dune soils; however, extrapolated to the top 30 cm using C density, potential C mineralization was higher in the urban forest. Soils beneath shrubs appeared to be hotspots for C storage, accounting for only 13% of the aerial cover but reflecting almost a quarter of the total C storage. Along the transect, a mean soil C density of 110 t ha-1 was measured, of which 98 t ha-1 was organic C. Land ownership, use, and soil type did not result in significantly different C stocks, suggesting that processes driving urban soil C storage are controlled by different factors, namely the type of vegetation and the urbanization extent.
3D printed porous titanium filled with mineralized UV-responsive chitosan hydrogel promote cell proliferation and osteogenesis in vitro
Authors: Yang Jiazhao , Zhou Changshun , Liu Fan , Li Hejie , Yang Gaolin , Fang Shiyuan , Lee In-seop , Chen Cen
Published: March 2022

Background: The modification of 3D printed porous titanium (Ti) have received significant attention to promote its osteogenesis for clinical use. Methods: Ultra-violet (UV) responsive chitosan (CSMA), as an injectable filling material, was incorporated into porous Ti, and in situ mineralized by carbon oxide (CO2) diffusion to form mineralized CSMA (CSMA/CaCO3). Physiochemical and biological properties were investigated in vitro . Results: CMSA/CaCO3 exhibited porous morphology and favorable biocompatibility, which could promote adhesion and proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Moreover, the release of Ca2+ from CaCO 3 particles could increase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, up-regulate osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) expression levels, and enhance extracellular mineralization of BMSCs. Conclusions: 3D printed porous Ti filling with mineralized UV-responsive chitosan hydrogel could promote proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs, and have great potential for Ti implant modification in bone tissue engineering.
Effects of lidocaine via the perforated outer cuff of dual-cuff endotracheal tube and remifentanil on the recovery profiles from general anesthesia of female patients undergoing thyroidectomy: an one-centre, double-blind, randomized study
Authors: Li Ping , Li Dewei , Wang Linan , Ye Fei , Yang Bo , Yu Lina , Fang Sujuan , Tong Zhilan , Yin Qing , Shi Yongyong , Li Xiangyu , Zhao Gaofeng
Published: March 2022

Background: Cough caused by endotracheal tube (ETT) is ubiquitous and correlates with adverse outcomes. Remifentanil via target-controlled infusion (TCI) was one of cough prevention measures during recovery. In the pilot study, lidocaine via the perforated outer cuff of dual-cuff endotracheal tube also prevented cough to the ETT. We therefore compared these two preventions of cough during recovery after thyroidectomy in the one-centre, double-blind, randomized study in China from 09 / 10 / 2020 to 30 / 04 / 2021.Methods: Ninety-eight female patients, aged 18–65 years, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II, were scheduled to undergo thyroidectomy. The ETT contains an internal cuff covered by an outer cuff with holes as lidocaine delivery channel. Patients were randomized to receive either 4 ml saline solution (Group R, n = 49) or 4 ml 2% lidocaine in the outer cuff (Group L, n = 49) at the beginning of the skin suture. Remifentanil 2 ng/ ml in Group R was maintained until extubation, while remifentanil in Group L was maintained until the end of the skin suture. The primary outcome was cough during patient transfer, 1 min before extubation and extubation. The secondary outcomes were hemodynamics and other recovery profiles. Results: The primary outcomes included remifentanil vs. lidocaine in the incidence of cough during patients transfer (0% vs.0%), 1 min before extubation (22% vs. 4%; P = 0.015), and extubation (61% vs.20%; P = 0.000). Compared with remifentanil, lidocaine more effectively decreased the rate of elevation of heart rate and hypoxemia at 5 min after extubation, spontaneous respiration recovery time, extubation time, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale in agitated and Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool. Conclusion: Lidocaine via the perforated outer cuff of the ETT significantly improved recovery profiles from general anesthesia compared to remifentanil in female patients after thyroidectomy.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2000038653), registered on 27 / 09 / 2020.
Anti-microbial effect of filtered 222nm excimer lamps in a hospital waiting area
Authors: Thyrsted Jacob , Skaarup Søren Helbo , Hvass Andreas Fløe , Joensen Sara Moeslund , Nielsen Stine Yde , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Hauschildt Pernille , Holm Christian Kanstrup
Published: March 2022

Hospital aquired infections is a considerable challenge for vulnerable patients. Traditional anti-microbial mercury lamps emit light at 254nm and have well established anti-microbial effects. Their use in populated areas is, however, hindered by their carcinogenic properties. This is in contrast to anti-microbial lamps based on krypton chloride (KrCl), demonstrated to have no carcinogenic potential. These lamps emit light with a peak intensity at 222nm and have broad bactericidal and viricidal effects including inactivation of SARS-CoVid-2 in laboratory experiments. Here, we investigate the bactericidal effects of filtered KrCl 222nm excimer lamps (UV222 TM lamps) in an out-patient waiting area at the pulmonology clinic at Aarhus University Hospital. Furniture sufaces were sampled for bacterial load in a single-arm interventional longitudinal study with and without exposure to filtered 222nm UVC-light. Furthermore, bacterial species were identified using MALDI-ToF mass-spectrometry. We found filtered 222nm UVC-light to significantly reduced the number of colony-forming-units. Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were detected only in the non-exposed areas suggesting that these species in particular are highly sensitive to inactivation by 222nm UVC-light. This study demonstrates the potential use of 222nm Far-UVC technology to reduce bacterial load and thus the spread of infectious disease in a hospital setting.
Analysis Of Related Factors Of Scheduled ICU Before Primary Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sun Jianguang , Yang Yali , Feng Gui , Liang Chuanxing , Ling Weiming , Liao Hongxin
Published: March 2022

Background: Methods for improving the safety of medical treatments for patients, reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications and optimizing medical resources for primary hip replacement are needed. Previous literature has mostly analysed the risk factors and constructed and models to predict a transfer to the ICU after surgery, and no reports on preoperative ICU reservations have been found. This study evaluated the risk factors for preoperative ICU reservation and considered the necessity of preoperative ICU reservations to optimize preoperative communication, enable a seamless transfer between the operating room and ICU, reduce postoperative complications and shorten hospital stays.Methods: We extracted the data of 1488 patients who underwent initial hip replacement from the hospital case database from November 2017 to May 2021 and used the case–control test to divide the patients into the case group (scheduled ICU admission, 134 cases) and the control group (unscheduled ICU admission, 213 cases). The general conditions of the patients before surgery, including sex, age, comorbidity index, laboratory test results, and anaesthesia methods, were collected and used as independent variables. The t test, rank sum test, and X2 test were used to analyse and identify significant factors with a P < 0.05. Then, these factors were entered into binary logistic regression analysis, and a ROC curve was used to test the efficacy of the regression model.Results: Through logistic regression analysis, we identified the risk factors for preoperative ICU reservation in patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Age, use of general anaesthesia, preoperative C-reactive protein level and preoperative alanine aminotransferase level were risk factors for preoperative ICU reservation, and preoperative albumin level was a protective factor against preoperative ICU reservation.Conclusion: These risk factors help surgeons assess the patient's condition and contact the ICU in advance; these data can be fully understood by the patients' families, reduce the unnecessary use of medical resources, and optimize perioperative management.
Perioperative Control Of Acute High Blood Pressure In Neurosurgical Patients Admitted To Intensive Care Unit Using Clevidipine (Neuro-Clev)
Authors: Rodriguez Blanca Escontrela , Arana-Arri Eunate , Boedo Maria Jesus Maroño , Ruiz Alberto Martinez
Published: March 2022

Background: Effective treatment of acute high blood pressure in neurocritical diseases is a current recommendation of guidelines to reduce mortality and severe disability. Clevidipine is a calcium channel blocker that showed effectiveness and safety for acute high blood pressure control in neurocritical patients. Materials and methods: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study in adult patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit for neurocritical disease requiring surgical or interventional treatment and presenting acute high blood pressure requiring urgent treatment with clevidipine as first line or rescue therapy after failure of different intravenous antihypertensive drugs. Primary endpoint was effectiveness of clevidipine treatment. Secondary endpoint was safety of clevidipine treatment. Analysis of subgroups described patient and treatment variables on effectiveness and safety of clevidipine, mortality, functional situation and major neurologic complications. Hematoma expansion, rebleeding and vasospasm were specific neurological complications described. Comparisons was made using Fisher, chi-square, t or Mann Whitney U test. Significance was set at the 5% level. Analysis was made using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 Results: thirty-three patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included. Clevidipine showed a higher effectiveness and safety for acute high blood pressure control in our patients. Effectiveness was higher in patients with larger brain hematomas and severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages treated with first line and early began of clevidipine within 24 hours of admission. Adverse events were mild, transient and more frequent in patients with first line treatment. Early and effective treatment were safe with lower major neurological complications. Mortality was lower in patients with first line and effective treatment. Hematoma expansion was seen in a higher number of patients. Rebleeding and vasospasm were less frequent. Conclusion: Clevidipine was effective and safe treatment of acute high blood pressure in neurocritical patients. Severity of neurocritical disease is a key factor but early and effective treatment could contribute to reduce mortality and major neurological complications. Nevertheless, our results need to take with caution because little size and design of our study. Trial registration: NCT05168059
Numerical Analysis Of Dynamic Coupling Between The Keyhole And Molten Pool In The Rotating Laser Welding Process Of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Xueli , Liu Wen , Xu Guoxiang , Zhu Jie , Hu Qingxian , Du Baoshuai
Published: March 2022

The stirring effect of a rotating laser on a molten pool can expand the range of the laser heat source and effectively inhibit defects such as pores and improve the quality of the weld joint. Due to laser rotation, the physical characteristics of the heat source and the dynamic behavior of the keyhole and molten pool are more complicated than those of conventional laser welding. This paper adopts a numerical simulation method. A three-dimensional model is developed, which takes into account the coupling of the keyhole, recoil pressure and molten pool. The model can describe the dynamic behavior characteristics of keyholes and fluid flow and the formation process and mechanism of keyhole-induced pores in welds during rotating laser welding. It can be concluded that in conventional laser welding, the keyhole is deep, narrow and unstable, which usually results in the formation of bubbles. If the bubbles in the molten pool fail to overflow in time, pores are formed. With an increase in laser rotation frequency, the keyhole becomes shallow and wide, and the dynamic behavior of the keyhole tends to be stable, which can effectively inhibit the formation of pores. When the rotating frequency is increased up to 150 Hz, the formation of pores can be completely suppressed.
Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Lonicera Japonica Cv. Damaohua: Characterization and Comparative and Phylogenetic Analyses
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiang , Liu Huichun , Xu Wenting , Wan Xiao , Zhu Kaiyuan
Published: March 2022

Lonicera japonica is a well-known medicinal plant, and the Damaohua cultivar is one of the oldest known honeysuckle cultivars in China. The 155,151 bp chloroplast genome of this cultivar was obtained through Illumina sequencing for the first time. The genome includes a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb; 23,789 bp each), a large single-copy (LSC) region (88,924 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,649 bp). In total, 127 unique genes were identified: 80 protein-coding, 39 tRNA and 8 rRNA genes. Only ycf3 contained two introns. Eighty-nine large repetitive sequences and 54 SSRs were detected. Fifty potential RNA editing sites were predicted. Adaptive evolution analysis revealed that infA, matK, petB, petD, rbcL, rpl16, rpl2, rps3, ycf1 and ycf2 were positively selected, possibly reflecting the specific environmental adaptation of this cultivar. Sequence alignment and analysis revealed some candidate fragments for Lonicera species identification, such as the intergenic regions rpoB-petN, rbcL-accD and psaA-ycf3. IR region boundary and phylogenetic analyses showed that the L. japonica cv. Damaohua chloroplast genome was most closely related to the L. japonica genome and that the two may be sister species. Understanding of L. japonica cv. Damaohua chloroplast genomics and comparative analyses of Lonicera species will provide a scientific basis for breeding, species identification, systematic evolution analysis and chloroplast genetic engineering research on medicinal honeysuckle plants.
Deep Eutectic Solvents: green solvents for the removal of degraded gelatin on cellulose nitrate cinematographic films
Authors: LOZANO MARCO VALENTE CHAVEZ , SCIUTTO GIORGIA , PRATI SILVIA , MAZZEO ROCCO
Published: March 2022

Historical photographic negatives and cinematographic films with cellulose nitrate (CN) supports show deterioration mechanisms related to the thermal, photocatalytic and hydrolytic loss of nitro groups from the CN chain. To prevent their disappearance, their scanning and digitalization becomes a priority. However, degradation hinders the scanning of CN films. Since motion picture films are stocked as a reel, the backside of each frame touches the front of another one. During degradation, the decrease in pH contributes to lowering the viscosity of gelatin. In this way, the emulsion gets softer and some residues may deposit on the back of the superimposed frames, and the gelatin may also spread over the film surface and come out from the edges.Traditional approaches to clean gelatin residues from the surface of CN bases and from the sides of film rolls include mechanical removal with scalpels and the use of polar solvents. However, these methods are either slow, ineffective or could potentially damage the degraded CN support and the remaining gelatin emulsion at the other side of the film. Accordingly, we have evaluated the performance of three choline chloride and betaine-based Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) formulations. These DES are unexpensive, easy to prepare, green (non volatile, safe towards operator and the environment), non flammable and have been previously proposed for the extraction of proteinaceous material, but their use for the restoration of photographic negatives or cinematographic films has not been reported yet.Selected areas over the frames of a real deteriorated CN cinematographic film were cleaned from gelatin accretions by rubbing a cotton swab soaked in DES. Isopropyl alcohol (IPOH) was then employed to remove the remaining DES residues.To evaluate the cleaning performance, each area was characterized and documented before and after treatment using Optical Microscopy (OM), Micro-Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (µATR-FTIR), and cross-section observation.All treatments using DES proved effective for the removal of gelatin residues and harmless towards the CN film supports at the selected application times, showing superior cleaning power compared to traditional methods. Thus, the proposed cleaning methods with DES are suitable for cinematographic and photographic film restoration.
Physical Performance Reference Values for Japanese Oldest Old: A SONIC Study
Authors: Matsumoto Kiyoaki , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Yasumoto Saori , Yoshida Yuko , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Kabayama Mai , Kamide Kei , Akasaka Hiroshi , Ishizaki Tatsuro
Published: March 2022

Background
The oldest old, defined as those aged 90 or over, are now the fastest-growing population sector. This study aimed to determine reference values for a number of physical performance measures (PPMs) among 90-year-olds using internationally standardized measurements and to clarify the characteristics of these indices by comparing their results for 90-year-olds with those for older people ages 70 and 80.
Methods
We used data from the 90-year-olds (88–91) who participated in the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, and Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. A total of 789 participants were not certified as needing nursing care and consisted of three survey waves: 2012, 2015, and 2018. For comparison, we also used SONIC respondents from different cohorts, 1,000 who were aged 70 in 2010 and 973 who were aged 80 in 2011. For our physical performance measurements, we used grip strength and score on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). In addition, we statistically analyzed sex and age differences.
Result
Simple mean ± SD hand grip strength, usual gait speed, five-times chair stand, tandem balance, and SPPB for the 90-year-old respondents were 24.1 ± 5.4 kg, 0.80 ± 0.22 m/s, 17.2 ± 6.73 s, 5.89 ± 4.42 s, and 8.3 ± 2.2, respectively, in men and 14.4 ± 4.0 kg, 0.72 ± 0.20 m/s, 17.8 ± 7.89 s, 4.72 ± 4.35 s, and 7.5 ± 2.4, respectively, in women. For all PPMs, the age 90 cohort was statistically significantly different from the age 70 and 80 cohorts (all trends P < 0.001). Grip strength decreased with a similar gradient with age cohort increase of 10 years for both sexes. In contrast, SPPB lower limb score showed a larger drop between the age 80 and 90 cohorts than between the age 70 and 80 cohorts. We also constructed sex-specific appraisal standards according to quintiles.
Conclusions
Our study yielded inclusive sex-specific reference values and appraisal standards for major physical performance measures in not certified as needing nursing care, community-dwelling, oldest old Japanese. The characteristics of age-related decline in physical performance differed between the upper and lower extremity assessments.