bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sedimentation study of graphene oxide in aqueous solution using gradient differential centrifugation
Authors: Huang Jing-Jing , Yuan Yong J.
Published: March 2016

This work involved the study of sedimentation of graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solution by gradient differential centrifugation.
Effects of inter- and intra-aggregate magnetic dipolar interactions on the magnetic heating efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ovejero J. G. , Cabrera D. , Carrey J. , Valdivielso T. , Salas G. , Teran F. J.
Published: March 2016

Iron oxide nanoparticles have found biomedical applications as therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents.
Early stages of catalyst aging in the iridium mediated water oxidation reaction
Authors: Hetterscheid Dennis G. H. , van der Ham Cornelis J. M. , Diaz-Morales Oscar , Verhoeven M. W. G. M. (Tiny) , Longo Alessandro , Banerjee Dipanjan , Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans) , Reek Joost N. H. , Feiters Martin C.
Published: March 2016

The structure of an iridium Cp* water oxidation catalyst was evaluated as a function of time and applied potential.
An ethylenediamine-grafted Y zeolite: a highly regenerable carbon dioxide adsorbent via temperature swing adsorption without urea formation
Authors: Kim Chaehoon , Cho Hae Sung , Chang Shuai , Cho Sung June , Choi Minkee
Published: March 2016

An ethylenediamine-grafted Y zeolite effectively adsorbs CO2from a wet flue gas and it is highly regenerable through a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process.
Stabilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) bubbles in micrometer-diameter aqueous droplets and the formation of hollow microparticles
Authors: Lu Tianyi , Fan Rong , Delgadillo Luis F. , Wan Jiandi
Published: March 2016

Microscopy and SEM images of microparticles with encapsulated CO2microbubbles (scale bar: 700 and 50 μm).
New biphenyl iminium salt catalysts for highly enantioselective asymmetric epoxidation: role of additional substitution and dihedral angle
Authors: Bulman Page Philip C. , Bartlett Christopher J. , Chan Yohan , Allin Steven M. , McKenzie Michael J. , Lacour Jérôme , Jones Garth A.
Published: March 2016

The effects upon enantioselectivity of substitution in the heterocyclic ring of biaryl iminium salt catalysts for alkene epoxidation are reported. The influence of dihedral angle in these systems has been investigated. Enantioselectivities of up to 97% ee were observed.
Enzyme-responsive polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of antimicrobial polymers
Authors: Insua Ignacio , Liamas Evangelos , Zhang Zhenyu , Peacock Anna F. A. , Krachler Anne Marie , Fernandez-Trillo Francisco
Published: March 2016

Here we present new enzyme-responsive polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles prepared from antimicrobial poly(ethylene imine) and an anionic enzyme-responsive peptide targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa's elastase.
Correction: Crosslinking of comb-shaped polymer anion exchange membranes via thiol–ene click chemistry
Authors: Zhu Liang , Zimudzi Tawanda J. , Li Nanwen , Pan Jing , Lin Bencai , Hickner Michael A.
Published: March 2016

Correction for ‘Crosslinking of comb-shaped polymer anion exchange membranes via thiol–ene click chemistry’ by Liang Zhu, et al., Polym. Chem., 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c5py01911g.
V–P–O compound encapsulated palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes as a methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction electrocatalyst
Authors: Liu Haijing , Bao Jianming , Liu Jingjun , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng
Published: March 2016

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles encapsulated by the vanadium–phosphorus–oxygen (V–P–O) compound were synthesized and decorated on carbon nanotubes (Pd@V–P–O/CNT) through an oleylamine-mediated method stabilized with trioctylphosphine.
A novel sensor based on bifunctional monomer molecularly imprinted film at graphene modified glassy carbon electrode for detecting traces of moxifloxacin
Authors: Jiang Zhiming , Li Guangyu , Zhang Mingxiao
Published: March 2016

A novel selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for moxifloxacin (MFLX) detection based on bifunctional monomer molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphene was constructed.
An investigation into the solar light-driven enhanced photocatalytic properties of a graphene oxide–SnO2–TiO2ternary nanocomposite
Authors: Kumar Aniket , Rout Lipeeka , Achary L. Satish K. , Mohanty Anurag , Dhaka Rajendra S. , Dash Priyabrat
Published: March 2016

Highly efficient graphene oxide–SnO2–TiO2ternary nanocomposite was designedviaone step solvothermal method considering the step-wise band edge energy levels of each component and the corresponding photocatalytic performance was investigated.
Novel 3D lightweight carbon foam as an effective adsorbent for arsenic(v) removal from contaminated water
Authors: Agrawal Pinki Rani , Kumar Rajeev , Uppal Himani , Singh Nahar , Kumari Saroj , Dhakate Sanjay R.
Published: March 2016

An efficient removal of pentavalent arsenic (As(v)) from water has been developed using novel three-dimensional (3D) light weight carbon foam which exhibit adoption capacity of 38.4 μg g−1.
Vanadium-doped lithium-rich layered-structured cathode material Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 with a high specific capacity and improved rate performance
Authors: Zang Yong , Sun Xin , Tang Zhong-Feng , Xiang Hong-Fa , Chen Chun-Hua
Published: March 2016

Fine powders of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6−xVxO2 (x = 0, 0.002, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02) are prepared by a thermopolymerization method.
Catalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol with La/TiO2 in a dielectric barrier discharge system
Authors: Li Shanping , Xu Yanjia , Wang Xiaoping , Guo Yongbo , Mu Qinglin
Published: March 2016

This is the image of the possible degradation pathway of 4-chlorophenol and structures of the intermediates.
Facile O-glycosylation of glycals using Glu-Fe3O4-SO3H, a magnetic solid acid catalyst
Authors: Thombal Raju S. , Jadhav Vrushali H.
Published: March 2016

A new glucose derived magnetic solid acid catalyst (Glu-Fe3O4-SO3H) was synthesized in a convenient and ecofriendly manner and well characterized using FTIR, PXRD, EDAX, SEM, and XPS which showed the presence of Fe3O4embedded on the surface of the catalyst along with –SO3H, –OH and –COOH functional groups.
Rapid thermal annealing assisted stability and efficiency enhancement in a sputter deposited CuO photocathode
Authors: Masudy-Panah Saeid , Moakhar Roozbeh Siavash , Chua Chin Sheng , Kushwaha Ajay , Wong Ten It , Dalapati Goutam Kumar
Published: March 2016

A stable and efficient CuO based photocathode by tuning the crystallinity and surface morphology of films by rapid thermal treatment.
Skeleton selectivity in complexation of chelerythrine and chelerythrine-like natural plant alkaloids with the G-quadruplex formed at the promoter of c-MYC oncogene: in silico exploration
Authors: Bhat Jyotsna , Chatterjee Subhrangsu
Published: March 2016

Chelerythrine binds at the 5′ end and arrests the G-quadruplex formed in the promoter region ofc-MYConcogene thus restrict thec-MYCexpression. Position of methoxy group over the core skeleton of chelerythrine determines the binding pattern of ligand.
Insight into the charge transfer in particulate Ta3N5photoanode with high photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Qi Yu , Ding Chunmei , Fan Dayong , Liu Guiji , Zhao Yongle , Li Can
Published: March 2016

Charge transfer has been demonstrated to have a fundamental role in particulate Ta3N5electrode for achieving high efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
1-D oriented cross-linking hierarchical porous carbon fibers as a sulfur immobilizer for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Yu Ying , Yan Na , Zhang Hongzhang , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin
Published: March 2016

1D oriented ordered cross-linking hierarchical porous carbon fibers were fabricated successfully. The prepared cross-linking hierarchical porous carbon fibers (CHPCF) as the sulfur immobilizer demonstrated excellent cycling stability and high C-rate performance in Li–S batteries.
Themed issue on shape-responsive fluorophores
Authors: Tang Ben Zhong , Solntsev Kyril M.
Published: March 2016

Guest editors Ben Zhong Tang and Kyril M. Solntsev introduce this Journal of Materials Chemistry C themed issue on shape-responsive fluorophores.
Impaired glucose tolerance after brief heat exposure: a randomized crossover study in healthy young men
Authors: Faure Cécile , Charlot Keyne , Henri Stéphane , Hardy-Dessources Marie-dominique , Hue Olivier , Antoine-Jonville Sophie
Published: March 2016

A high demand on thermoregulatory processes may challenge homoeostasis, particularly regarding glucose regulation. This has been understudied, although it might concern millions of humans. The objective of this project was to examine the isolated and combined effects of experimental short-term mild heat exposure and metabolic level on glucoregulation. Two experimental randomized crossover studies were conducted. Ten healthy young men participated in study A, which comprises four sessions in a fasting state at two metabolic levels [rest and exercise at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (O2) for 40 min] in two environmental temperatures (warm: 31°C and control: 22°C). Each session ended with an ad libitum meal, resulting in similar energy intake across sessions. In study B, 12 healthy young men underwent two 3 h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in warm and control environmental temperatures. Venous blood was sampled at several time points. In study A, repeated measure ANOVAs revealed higher postprandial serum glucose and insulin levels with heat exposure. Glycaemia following the OGTT was higher in the warm temperature compared with control. The kinetics of the serum glucose response to the glucose load was also affected by the environmental temperature (temperature-by-time interaction, P=0.030), with differences between the warm and control conditions observed up to 90 min after the glucose load (all P<0.033). These studies provide evidence that heat exposure alters short-term glucoregulation. The implication of this environmental factor in the physiopathology of Type 2 diabetes has yet to be investigated.
Fuzzy layered physical cell identities assignment in heterogeneous and small cell networks
Authors: Ning Lei , Wang Zhenyong , Guo Qing , Zhang Haijun
Published: March 2016

Massive irregular deployments of small cells require corresponding physical cell identities (PCIs) in heterogeneous cellular networks. The number of PCIs is restricted by the synchronisation sequence result in PCI reuse at an appropriate distance among base stations. Some methods of PCI assignment are given either globally optimal or completely preferential. Accordingly, the former cannot guarantee handover performance, and the latter may lead to low efficiency of allocations. A layered allocation algorithm based on fuzzy clustering is proposed. Simulation results show that it can improve the efficiency of the PCI assignment, while maintaining handover performance.
Compact quasi‐Yagi antenna with folded dipole fed by tapered integrated balun
Authors: Farran M. , Boscolo S. , Locatelli A. , Capobianco A.‐D. , Midrio M. , Ferrari V. , Modotto D.
Published: March 2016

Planar quasi‐Yagi antennas including a printed balun are designed and experimentally characterised. The parasitic array driver is a folded dipole connected to a parallel stripline. The unbalanced to balanced transition between the input microstrip and the folded dipole terminals is obtained by linearly tapering both the microstrip and the ground plane widths. These printed antennas are more compact and directive than their counterparts based on resonant half‐wavelength dipole drivers: indeed, in the presence of one director, the size of the board is about 0.4 λ0 × 0.5 λ0 and the measured gain is 7 dB.
Tuning strategy of fractional‐order proportional integral controllers for permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system based on enhanced stochastic multi‐parameters divergence‐based optimisation algorithm
Authors: Zheng Shiqi , Tang Xiaoqi , Song Bao
Published: March 2016

This study concentrates on the study of optimisation‐based tuning method of fractional‐order proportional integral (PIλ or FOPI) controller, and the application of FOPI controller in permanent magnet synchronous motor servo drive system. The main contribution lies in two aspects: (i) A practical FOPI tuning method is proposed. The tuning method formulates a non‐linear optimisation problem by maximising the closed‐loop bandwidth with constraints on complementary sensitivity, and gain and phase margin. Compared with the existing FOPI tuning strategies, the proposed method is suitable for both integer order and fractional order control systems and, it fully considers the stability requirement of the servo system. (ii) An enhanced stochastic multi‐parameters divergence‐based optimisation (SMDO) algorithm is presented to solve the non‐linear optimisation problem in the FOPI tuning. The enhanced SMDO has the advantages of easy to implement, effective for fast convergence to minima, stochastic in nature and simple adaption to real‐time application. Compared with the traditional SMDO method, enhanced SMDO owns faster convergence speed and better global search ability. Experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tuning method and enhanced SMDO algorithm.
Iterative tuning strategy for setting phase splits with anticipation of traffic demand in urban traffic network
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Danwei , Jin Shangtai , Xiao Nan , Li Yitong , Frazzoli Emilio
Published: March 2016

Facing large‐scale urban traffic network, countless effort has been made toward intelligent and efficient urban traffic control system to better use existing traffic infrastructures. Recently, a novelty pre‐timed traffic signal control strategy known as iterative tuning (IT) has been developed by exploiting repetitive characteristic of junction's vehicle throughput on working days, which is sufficiently efficient in under‐saturated traffic conditions. This study further improves IT strategy in saturated traffic conditions with consideration of traffic demand including vehicle throughput and residual queued vehicles. Unlike conventional pre‐timed strategies, preparation of signal schedules is not required in IT strategy and fine‐tuning process executes iteratively and automatically. This study proposes a generalised traffic model to describe urban network dynamics and explicit split tuning algorithm. Without specific control trajectories, rigorous analysis generates sufficient condition for guaranteeing the convergence of IT strategy globally over repetitions. The robustness of IT controller to variations of traffic flow patterns and errors of initial conditions is also analysed in details. Commonwealth Avenue, an area with heavy traffic in Singapore, is demonstrated in simulations and simulation results indicate the effectiveness and robustness of IT strategy.
Robust consensus tracking control of higher‐order uncertain non‐linear systems via cascaded finite‐time estimation of reference states
Authors: Yang Zi‐Jiang
Published: March 2016

This work considers the problem of distributed consensus tracking control of higher‐order uncertain non‐linear systems on a directed graph which contains a spanning tree with the leader node being the root. To facilitate controller design, in each agent of the network, a group of distributed and cascaded finite‐time estimators is constructed for estimating the reference trajectory and its higher‐order derivatives by information exchange among the local neighbours. Only the highest‐order derivative estimator is discontinuous, whereas the estimators of the other reference states are continuous. Finite‐time convergence property of each estimator is analysed. Then by utilising the estimated reference states, in each agent, a robust controller composed of some non‐linear damping terms, a disturbance observer and a sliding mode control term is designed, so that the agent's states track the estimated reference states with an arbitrarily small ultimate error bound. The tracking performance is theoretically analysed. And simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the finite‐time reference estimators and the tracking controllers.
Time‐varying gain‐scheduling ‐error mean square stabilisation of semi‐Markov jump linear systems
Authors: Yang Ting , Zhang Lixian , Yin Xunyuan
Published: March 2016

In this study, a time‐varying gain‐scheduling approach is proposed to deal with the problem of stabilisation for a class of semi‐Markov jump linear systems. A more general class of Lyapunov functions that depends not only on the system modes, but also on the staying time during the current system mode is constructed, which can cover the common time‐invariant Lyapunov functions as special cases. In the sense of the σ‐error mean‐square stability proposed previously, the numerically testable sufficient criteria for the stability analysis are derived and certain techniques are employed such that the obtained conditions are linear in the system matrices. Both the time‐invariant and time‐varying control syntheses are investigated, and the results in a recent study can be deemed as extreme cases of the obtained criteria. Finally, the developed theoretical results are verified by three numerical examples, and it is demonstrated that the results based on the time‐varying approach is less conservative than those based on the time‐invariant method.
Multi‐group coordination control of multi‐agent system based on smoothing estimator
Authors: Li Rui , Shi Yingjing , Song Yongduan
Published: March 2016

This study investigates the coordination control problem of multiple groups of agents, where the agents in each group collaborate to achieve the enclosure for multiple moving targets. The authors first develop an estimator with smoothing characteristic to localise the moving targets. Then, by introducing definitions including parent system, child system and active agent, the definition of joint structure is established. Next, in virtue of the constructed estimator, a control protocol is proposed to enclose the dynamic targets based on the joint structure. Moreover, the convergence analyses on the estimator and the protocol are provided by using LaSalle's invariant principle. Finally, the validity of the theoretical results is demonstrated through simulations.
Electrical and optical measurements investigation of the pre‐breakdown processes in natural ester oil under different impulse voltage waveforms
Authors: Peppas Georgios D. , Charalampakos Vasilios P. , Pyrgioti Eleftheria C. , Gonos Ioannis F.
Published: March 2016

A study of pre‐breakdown processes in natural ester oil is realised in the present study. A point‐to‐plane electrode configuration was used and the oil was subjected to lightning and switching impulse (SI) voltage stress. The inter‐electrode gap distance was set to 1 and 2 cm long. Hence, electrical and optical measurements, concerning breakdown voltage, gap current, and light emission were acquired. Experimental data shows significant differences between the pre‐breakdown processes taking place under the application of lightning 1.2/50 μs and switching 250/2500 μs impulse voltage. Ionisation/excitation activity, prior to breakdown, clearly occurs mainly under the application of SI voltage. This activity is mirrored on the optical emission signal while gap current measurements prior to breakdown were negligible in all cases. Furthermore, secondary‐reverse streamers are detected during the SI voltage.
Using a community of practice to evaluate falls prevention activity in a residential aged care organisation: a clinical audit
Authors: Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Bulsara Caroline , Nobre Debbie , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: March 2016

Objective
This study evaluates whether a community of practice (CoP) could conduct a falls prevention clinical audit and identify gaps in falls prevention practice requiring action.

Methods
Cross-sectional falls prevention clinical audits were conducted in 13 residential aged care (RAC) sites of a not-for-profit organisation providing care to a total of 779 residents. The audits were led by an operationalised CoP assisted by site clinical staff. A CoP is a group of people with a shared interest who get together to innovate for change. The CoP was made up of self-nominated staff representing all RAC sites and comprised of staff from various disciplines with a shared interest in falls prevention.

Results
All 13 (100%) sites completed the audit. CoP conduct of the audit met identified criteria for an effective clinical audit. The priorities for improvement were identified as increasing the proportion of residents receiving vitamin D supplementation (mean 41.5%, s.d. 23.7) and development of mandatory falls prevention education for staff and a falls prevention policy, as neither was in place at any site. CoP actions undertaken included a letter to visiting GPs requesting support for vitamin D prescription, surveys of care staff and residents to inform falls education development, defining falls and writing a falls prevention policy.

Conclusion
A CoP was able to effectively conduct an evidence-based falls prevention activity audit and identify gaps in practice. CoP members were well positioned, as site staff, to overcome barriers and facilitate action in falls prevention practice.

What is known about the topic?
Audit and feedback is an effective way of measuring clinical quality and safety. CoPs have been established in healthcare using workplace staff to address clinical problems but little is known about their ability to audit and influence practice change.

What does this paper add?
This study contributes to the body of knowledge on CoPs in healthcare by evaluating the performance of one in the domain of falls prevention audit action.

What are the implications for practitioners?
A CoP is an effective model to engage staff in the clinical audit process. Clinical audits can raise staff awareness of gaps in practice and motivate staff to plan and action change as recommended in best practice guidelines.
Inbreeding depression across the lifespan in a wild mammal population
Authors: Huisman Jisca , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , Ellis Philip A. , Clutton-Brock Tim , Pemberton Josephine M.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Inbreeding depression is the decrease in fitness with increased genome-wide homozygosity that occurs in the offspring of related parents. Estimation of its effect in wild populations has been challenging, and while evidence of inbreeding depression in juvenile traits is widespread, examples during later life stages remain rare. Here, in a species with extended maternal care, genomic inbreeding coefficients, but not pedigree-based ones, revealed inbreeding depression in annual breeding success in both sexes, and in offspring rearing success in females. This contributed to inbreeding depression in estimates of lifetime fitness in both sexes. Our work illustrates that inbreeding depression in adult traits can be as large as in juvenile traits but requires more powerful methods to be detected.
Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive
Authors: Helleu Quentin , Gérard Pierre R. , Dubruille Raphaëlle , Ogereau David , Prud’homme Benjamin , Loppin Benjamin , Montchamp-Moreau Catherine
Published: March 2016

Significance

Intragenomic conflict between the sex chromosomes is a strong evolutionary force. It can arise through the evolution of sex chromosome meiotic drive, where selfish genes located on the X chromosome promote their own transmission at the expense of the Y chromosome. Sex chromosome drive occurs inDrosophila simulans, where Paris drive results from segregation failure of the heterochromatic Y chromosome during meiosis II. Here, we show that Paris drive is caused by deficient alleles of the fast-evolving X-linked heterochromatin protein 1 D2 (HP1D2) gene. Our results suggest that dysfunctionalHP1D2alleles promote their own transmission, because they do not prepare the Y chromosome for meiosis. This finding shows that the rapid evolution of genes involved in heterochromatin structure can fuel intragenomic conflict.
Detection, phenotyping, and quantification of antigen-specific T cells using a peptide-MHC dodecamer
Authors: Huang Jun , Zeng Xun , Sigal Natalia , Lund Peder J. , Su Laura F. , Huang Huang , Chien Yueh-hsiu , Davis Mark M.
Published: March 2016

Significance

The recognition of foreign peptide-MHCs by T cells is a central event in adaptive immunity that triggers antigen-specific immune responses against infections and cancer. To study antigen-specific T cells, we devised a peptide-MHC dodecamer that can sensitively detect and specifically stain these T cells, especially low-affinity and rare ones. This dodecamer technology is superior to most current peptide-MHC multimers, compatible with existing reagents, inexpensive to make, and easy to use. It has been successfully applied to studies of human and murine antigen-specific αβ and γδ T cells by flow cytometry and mass cytometry. Thus, this dodecamer constitutes an important tool for the investigation of antigen-specific T cells in basic and clinical research.
Tension–compression asymmetry in yield strength and hardening behaviour of as-extruded AZ31 alloy
Authors: Lin J.B. , Ren W.J. , Wang X.Y. , Ma L.F.
Published: March 2016

The effects of texture and twinning on the yield asymmetry and differential work-hardening behaviour of an as-extruded AZ31 alloy under uniaxial compression and tension are investigated using a viscoplastic self-consistent model. The results show that the yield asymmetry and differential work-hardening behaviour can be attributed to the combined effects of strong fibre texture and the polar nature of twinning. The variation in the relative activity of each deformation mode under compressive deformation is much more complex than that under tension. Under tensile deformation, the major deformation modes are prismatic [Formula: see text] and pyramidal [Formula: see text] slips, while twinning and basal slip are the major deformation modes under compressive deformation. The presence of extension twins and contraction twins is confirmed by microstructural observations.
A Comparison of Catchability and Mortality with Circle and J Hooks for Stream-Dwelling Brook Trout
Authors: Kazyak David C. , Sell Matthew T. , Hilderbrand Robert H. , Heft Alan A. , Cooper Ryan M.
Published: March 2016

We compared the effectiveness of baited circle hooks and J hooks in catch-and-release angling for wild, stream-dwelling Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis. We caught 201 Brook Trout using active and passive techniques to assess the influence of hook type and angling method on capture efficiency, hooking location, handling time, deep-hooking rates, and postrelease mortality (up to 48 h). Anglers recorded an average catch rate of 7.6 trout/h over 26.25 total hours of fishing. Actively fishing with J hooks was the most effective at landing Brook Trout (82.3%). Only 10% (n = 20) of all fish were deeply hooked, and half of those were caught when anglers were passively fishing with J hooks. Larger fish were significantly more likely to be deeply hooked. However, no fish were deeply hooked when anglers passively fished with circle hooks. The most common hooking location among treatments was the corner of the mouth (40%, n = 80). Eye injuries due to hooking were relatively uncommon (6.5%) and occurred less frequently than deep hooking. Overall mortality rates were very low (2%, n = 4) and were probably influenced by low deep-hooking rates in concert with cool water temperatures and experienced anglers equipped with the necessary tools to efficiently release the trout.

Received May 19, 2015; accepted November 12, 2015 Published online March 16, 2016
A Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection and Quantification of Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus (EEDV; Salmonid Herpesvirus 3)
Authors: Glenney Gavin W. , Barbash Patricia A. , Coll John A.
Published: March 2016

Epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV; salmonid herpesvirus [SalHV3]; family Alloherpesviridae) causes a systemic disease of juvenile and yearling Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush. No cell lines are currently available for the culture and propagation of EEDV, so primary diagnosis is limited to PCR and electron microscopy. To better understand the pervasiveness of EEDV (carrier or latent state of infection) in domesticated and wild Lake Trout populations, we developed a sensitive TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect the presence of the EEDV terminase gene in Lake Trout tissues. This assay was able to detect a linear standard curve over nine logs of plasmid dilution and was sensitive enough to detect single-digit copies of EEDV. The efficiency of the PCR assay was 99.4 ± 0.06% (mean ± SD), with a 95% confidence limit of 0.0296 (R2 = 0.994). Methods were successfully applied to collect preliminary data from a number of species and water bodies in the states of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont, indicating that EEDV is more common in wild fish than previously known. In addition, through the development of this qPCR assay, we detected EEDV in a new salmonid species, the Cisco Coregonus artedi. The qPCR assay was unexpectedly able to detect two additional herpesviruses, the Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) and the Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV; SalHV5), which both share high sequence identity with the EEDV terminase gene. With these unexpected findings, we subsequently designed three primer sets to confirm initial TaqMan qPCR assay positives and to differentiate among EEDV, ASPV, and NamHV by detecting the glycoprotein genes via SYBR Green qPCR.

Received April 20, 2015; accepted November 10, 2015
Hunting High and Low: Postglacial Colonization Strategies in Central Norway between 9500 and 8000 cal BC
Authors: Breivik Heidi M. , Callanan Martin
Published: March 2016

In this article, we examine aspects of the Postglacial colonization processes that took place in central Norway during the Early Mesolithic (c. 9500–8000 cal bc). The distribution of sites from this period shows that the colonizers approached and exploited two very different landscapes and resource situations—from archipelagic to alpine. Based on twelve artefact assemblages from central Norway we investigate how colonizing populations met the challenge posed by varying ecozones. Did they organize their settlements and technologies in similar ways or did they modify sites and activities in relation to the different locations? The aspects studied are site organization, artefact composition, projectiles, and lithic raw material use. It appears that the sites are of a similar size and structure across ecozones. Apart from some variations in tool composition, there is no evidence in the lithic material for any technical adaptation towards specific ecozones. We conclude that using a standard, generalized lithic technology, combined with high mobility and small group size, enabled the colonizing groups to overcome the risks and difficulties associated with settling and seeking out resources in new and unknown landscapes.
Masked form Priming is Moderated by the Size of the Letter-Order-Free Orthographic Neighbourhood
Authors: Burt Jennifer S. , Duncum Sophie
Published: March 2016

University students made lexical decisions to targets preceded by masked primes. In Experiment 1, transposed-letter primes were used also in the sandwich priming paradigm, in which the target is briefly pre-presented prior to the prime. The priming effects in the masked paradigm, but not in the sandwich paradigm, were moderated by the density of the letter-order-free neighbourhood of the target. In Experiment 2, letter-order-free neighbour prime words produced a priming cost in masked priming. These results are consistent with the idea that sandwich priming attenuates letter-order-free neighbour competition in target identification. Unexpectedly, no priming cost was produced by conventional (letter-position-preserving) word neighbour primes. Order-free neighbours may produce facilitation of target processing less, and more variably, than conventional neighbours.
Can Gaze-Contingent Mirror-Feedback from Unfamiliar Faces alter Self-Recognition?
Authors: Estudillo Alejandro J. , Bindemann Markus
Published: March 2016

This study focuses on learning of the self, by examining how human observers update internal representations of their own face. For this purpose, we present a novel gaze-contingent paradigm, in which an onscreen face mimics observers’ own eye-gaze behaviour (in the congruent condition), moves its eyes in different directions to that of the observers (incongruent condition), or remains static and unresponsive (neutral condition). Across three experiments, the mimicry of the onscreen face did not affect observers’ perceptual self-representations. However, this paradigm influenced observers’ reports of their own face. This effect was such that observers felt the onscreen face to be their own and that, if the onscreen gaze had moved on its own accord, observers expected their own eyes to move too. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Politicization and publicization: the fragile effects of deliberation in working-class districts
Authors: Carrel Marion
Published: March 2016

A deep understanding of the use of deliberative processes requires a political ethnography able to detect their consequences for the participants and for the public sphere. This article analyses a participatory process organised in France by an activist-professional facilitator with a small group of bureaucrats and marginalized individuals, designed to promote mutual understanding and raise public issues. This ethnography shows that deliberation in small groups, rather than merely producing consensus and reproducing inequalities in accessing forms of public expression as is sometimes alleged, may generate at least preliminary politicization and the publicization of social issues in working-class districts. These rather fragile effects raise the question of the continuity of collective action and institutional transformations generated by deliberative processes.
Balancing digital information-sharing and patient privacy when engaging families in the intensive care unit
Authors: Brown Samuel M , Aboumatar Hanan J , Francis Leslie , Halamka John , Rozenblum Ronen , Rubin Eileen , Sarnoff Lee Barbara , Sugarman Jeremy , Turner Kathleen , Vorwaller Micah , Frosch Dominick L ,   for the Privacy, Access, and Engagement Task Force of the Libretto Consortium of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Published: March 2016

Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) may lack decisional capacity and may depend on proxy decision makers (PDMs) to make medical decisions on their behalf. High-quality information-sharing with PDMs, including through such means as health information technology, could improve communication and decision making and could potentially minimize the psychological consequences of an ICU stay for both patients and their family members. However, alongside these anticipated benefits of information-sharing are risks of unwanted disclosure of sensitive information. Approaches to identifying the optimal balance between access to digital health information to facilitate engagement and protecting patient privacy are urgently needed. We identified eight themes that should be considered in balancing health information access and patient privacy: 1) potential benefits to patients from PDM data access; 2) potential harms to patients from such access; 3) the moral status of families within the patient-clinician relationship; 4) the scope of relevant information provided to PDMs; 5) issues around defining PDMs’ authority; 6) methods for eliciting and documenting patient preferences about their family’s information access; 7) the relevance of methods for ascertaining the identity of PDMs; and 8) the obligations of hospitals to prevent privacy breaches by PDMs. We conclude that PDMs should typically have access to health information from the current episode of care when the patient is decisionally impaired, unless the patient has previously expressed a clear preference that PDMs not have such access.
A report that Fukushima residents are concerned about radiation from Land, Food and Radon
Authors: Tamari Yuki , Kuroda Yujiro , Miyagawa Ryu , Nawa Kanabu , Sakumi Akira , Sakata Naoko , Mizushima Nozomi , Sakura Osamu , Iwamitsu Yumi , Takemura Kazuhisa , Nakagawa Keiichi
Published: March 2016

The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster occurred on 11 March 2011, which caused the leakage of radioactive materials into the environment. In this study, we report public concerns about radiation in Fukushima and Tokyo almost one year after the nuclear disaster. We examined the public concerns by analyzing the data from 1022 participants, 555 in Fukushima and 467 in Tokyo. They were asked whether they were concerned about radiation from some of six different types of sources, which could be answered in a binary way, ‘yes’ or ‘no’. We found not only similarities, but also significant differences in the degrees of concerns between Fukushima residents and Tokyo ones. Fukushima residents more concerned about radiation from land, food and radon in larger rate than that of Tokyo ones, while Tokyo residents were concerned about radiation from medical care. Residents in neither location were concerned about radiation from space. Our results suggested that careful risk communication should be undertaken, adaptively organized depending on location and other factors, e.g. comprehension about radiation, presence of the experience of evacuation, and also age and gender of the people.
Introduction
Authors: Lewis George E. , Piekut Benjamin
Published: March 2016

The editors survey the history of the scholarly study of improvisation; although music scholars have led the recent push toward a consolidation of critical improvisation studies as an interdisciplinary area of inquiry, contributors to these Handbooks provide compelling evidence that improvisation has captivated thinkers across many disciplines for nearly two thousand years. The chapters collected here foreground theoretical, critical, and historical approaches (rather than profiles of creative practitioners). The editors also adumbrate the various ideological associations of the termimprovisationand how those associations have been elaborated in the scholarly literature.
Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method
Authors: Dienstag Joshua Foa
Published: March 2016

Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Truth and Method offers a distinctive account of the human relationship to language and history. The book had a transformative effect on many fields, including political theory. It offers a persuasive hermeneutic theory of what the obstacles to and possibilities for textual interpretation actually are and thus forms an account of the proper practice of political theory that is superior to the rival claims of historicism, Straussianism, or post-modernism. Simultaneously, it offers an account of the relationship of individuals to language-communities that recognizes their significance for cultures and persons without reifying their moral or political value. Gadamer’s account of language points toward openness and democracy rather than identity politics or nationalism.
Jawaharlal Nehru, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Contexts of Indian Secularism
Authors: Bilgrami Akeel
Published: March 2016

Jawaharlal Nehru and Mohandas Gandhi shared the view that India’s nationalism made secularism unnecessary, for secularism is a notion whose conceptual genealogy is in a specific historical context, an idea designed to repair the damaging effects of European nation-state formation. An alternative Indian nationalism was to consist in a reconstruction of what they took to be India’s unselfconsciously pluralist traditions; the genuine and lived pluralism of ordinary Indian social life was to be replayed in the political arena of anti-imperialism. Secularism, both in Europe and post-Independence India, consists not in neutrality among religions but in a lexicographical ordering between the commitments to freedom of religion and to fundamental constitutional rights. The exception granted by the Indian state to Muslim personal law ought not to be seen as a denial of secularism but as a suspension of the secular ideal in the context of the history of a collective human subject.
Personality Neuroscience and the Five Factor Model
Authors: Allen Timothy A. , DeYoung Colin G.
Published: March 2016

Personality psychology seeks both to understand how individuals differ from one another in behavior, motivation, emotion, and cognition and to explain the causes of those differences. The goal of personality neuroscience is to identify the underlying sources of personality traits in neurobiological systems. This chapter reviews neuroscience research on the traits of the Five Factor Model (the Big Five: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness/Intellect, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness). The review emphasizes the importance of theoretically informed neuroscience by framing results in light of a theory of the psychological functions underlying each of the Big Five. The chapter additionally reviews the various neuroscientific methods available for personality research and highlights pitfalls and best practices in personality neuroscience.
Positive Workplaces
Authors: Luthans Fred , Youssef-Morgan Carolyn M.
Published: March 2016

This chapter first provides an overview of both the historical and contemporary positive approaches to the workplace. More specific attention is then given to the meaning and domain of positive organizational behavior, or POB, and psychological capital, or PsyCap. Our definition of POB includes positive psychological resources that can be validly measured and developed and that have performance impact. The constructs that have been determined so far to best meet these criteria are hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism. When combined, it has been demonstrated that they form the core construct of what we term PsyCap. Multiple measures of PsyCap have been validated. An increasing number of review articles and research studies clearly indicates that PsyCap can be developed and has performance impact. The chapter concludes with important future research directions that can help better understand and build positive workplaces to meet current and looming challenges.
Protestantism Outside Europe
Authors: Häberlein Mark
Published: March 2016

The chapter traces the origins and development of Protestantism in the Dutch and British colonial world from the sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century. While Catholicism enjoyed a huge head start over Protestantism in missionary endeavors outside Europe, Protestants began to challenge the overseas influence of Catholicism in principle and practice from the late sixteenth century onward. While New England Puritanism arguably made the most distinctive contribution to Protestant theology and the evolution of American thought and institutions, the chapter argues that Protestantism outside Europe was pluralistic. A variety of denominations and religious movements—Dutch Reformed Protestantism, Anglicanism, Quakerism, and continental European pietism—participated in the spread of Protestantism not only in North America, but in other parts of the Atlantic world as well as the Dutch dominions in Asia.
The Radicals
Authors: Dixon C. Scott
Published: March 2016

The separation between the different forms of Protestantism began as early as the Reformation movements in Wittenberg and Zurich. Dissenters emerged who challenged the teachings of Luther and Zwingli and used the same theological principles to develop alternative strains of evangelical Christianity. Marked out by the unique features of their faith, including the practice of adult baptism and deep veins of spiritualism, and persecuted by both church and state, these so-called radical Protestants were forced underground and were unable to develop public churches. Despite ongoing persecution, however, the radicals continued to develop their own faith-based communities and cultivate supraregional associations based on similarities of belief and practice. Although these communities remained on the margins of mainstream Protestant history, they exercised a powerful influence on the development of the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, and indeed over time many aspects of radical religiosity became defining features of Protestantism tout court.
The Levant Mandates
Authors: Provence Michael
Published: March 2016

Statesmen attending the Paris Conference after World War I proposed the new League of Nations and an arrangement called mandates to administer occupied enemy territory and colonies. The Ottoman realms of the Middle East were arguably the principal prize of the war and both Britain and France sought control. Regions of the Hapsburg Empire and the Balkans became newly independent countries, but the Middle East was too important for such an outcome. The mandates were claimed to be “not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world,” and “the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilisation.” Mandate rule lasted nearly 30 years in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine/Israel, Jordan, and Iraq. The mandates are forgotten everywhere, but the traces of decades of Mandate rule remain even today, in borders, electoral structures, martial law codes, authoritarian executives, and pervasive security and military structures.
Grappling with Interpreting and Testing People–Landscape Dynamics
Authors: French Charles
Published: March 2016

This chapter explores how human and natural dynamics of landscape change may be portrayed and tested using both geoarchaeological and GIS-based modelling approaches. Comprehensive sets of well-dated and spatially related archaeological, geoarchaeological, and palaeoenvironmental data are essential prerequisites. In addition to providing visualizations of possible realities, geoarchaeological investigations can ground-truth GIS-based landscape–human interaction models. Together these techniques can both help visualize and interrogate many possible scenarios of change, and allow consideration of other cause–effect relationships of landscape change. More detailed understandings of long-term human and potential future impacts on landscapes should be achievable, especially when coupled with precise environmental and climatic data. Nonetheless, modelling is no substitute for good sequences of palaeoenvironmental data in well understood, culturally shaped landscapes, but it is a valuable tool for aiding interpretation. A number of examples of this kind of application from around the world are presented.
Situating Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Grant Robert M. , Bakhru Anjali
Published: March 2016

Our understanding of dynamic capability has been impeded by lack of consensus over definition and limited empirical investigation. To better understand the nature and role of dynamic capabilities and to guide empirical research into their antecedents and consequences, we emphasize the systemic nature of capabilities. We propose capability architecture as a framework to describe and analyze firms’ capability systems in preference to the hierarchical capability structures presented in the dynamic capabilities literature. Our framework allows us to investigate not only the hierarchical structuring of capabilities but also their linkages to managerial cognition, organizational processes, and organizational structure. Within this framework, dynamic capability—a firm’s “capacity to alter how it makes its living”—emerges not only from the existence of a distinct category of “dynamic” capabilities whose explicit role is to effect change, but also from the flexibility of “ordinary” capabilities and from system-wide changes in the overall capability architecture. This integrated approach to organizational capabilities has the potential to overcome the fruitless debate over delineating dynamic from ordinary capabilities and to foster a closer linkage between conceptual and empirical research into dynamic capability.