bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horizontal transmission of Streptococcus mutans in children attending kindergarten
Authors: Indrawati Retno
Published: June 2019

Background: Transmission of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), the main pathogen found in dental caries, is particularly prevalent during the first two years of infancy. Numerous children are reportedly infected with S. mutans by their mothers with early initial acquisition of the condition considered to carry a higher risk of subsequent dental caries. Purpose: This research aimed to examine the possibility of horizontal transmission of S. mutans in children attending Surabaya-based kindergartens. Methods: The number of subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria totaled 146. Dental plaque was collected for one minute with a sterile toothbrush. After completion of an isolation process, 25 S. mutans colonies were identified in Tripticase Cysteine Yeast (TYC) media by means of morphological, microscopic and biochemical tests using API 20 Strept (bioMerieux France). A polymerase chain reaction with OPA-2 and 13 was subsequently used to determine the genotype of S. mutans. Primary data collection was completed by the administering of a questionnaire intended to elicit information regarding the gender, age, diet and medical history of subjects. Results: An arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprint profile of the strains isolated from the subjects indicated similarities in five genotypes of S. mutans and differences in 18 genotypes. Conclusion: The study indicated that certain children are similarly infected by S mutans bacteria which might be due to horizontal transmission between classmates.
ANALYSIS OF FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY (FA) VALUES AND APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT (ADC) VALUES IN ISCHEMIC STROKE DISEASES OF MRI GE 3 TESLA
Authors: Mustofa Ali , Sensusiati Anggraini Dwi , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Utomo Sri Andreani , Latifah Risalatul
Published: June 2019

Background: Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging is an advanced technique in MRI that shows the diffusion in brain of ischemic stroke disease. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) shows the lesions without gadolinium contrast agent and produce Apparent Diffusion Coefficient values. Whereas, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) shows connectivity’s of central nervous system that cannot be seen by using conventional MRI. Diffusion Tensor Imaging produces Fractional Anisotropy values. Purpose:This study has aim to analyze the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient values and Fractional Anisotropy values in Stroke Ischemic disease. Methods: Total samples used are 14 samples, consist of 7 (50%) man and 7 (50%) woman with ischemic stroke disease. Each sample deals by Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging sequences. The Region of Interest (ROI) is placed in ischemic stroke lesions and contra lateral side of lesions. Results: The result shows that 9 samples of brain tissue lesions located in the right side and 5 samples in the left side. Right lesions have the average ADC stroke: 0.001748; normal ADC: 0.000954; FA stroke: 0.144522; and normal FA: 0.426111. While, left lesions have the average ADC strokes 0.000979; normal ADC: 0.000835; FA stroke: 0.2556; and normal FA 0.4324. Conclusion: So, the conclusion of this study is Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values in case of ischemic stroke can decreases or increases depend on the age of stroke. While, the Fractional Anisotropy (FA) values will decrease without being affected by age of stroke.
Chaos, Adaptation and Information are the Main Pillars of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Tez Mesut , Tez Selda
Published: June 2019

Cancer, a disease of multicellular organisms, probably developed almost immediately following the transition from unicellular to metazoan life, about one billion years ago. Great efforts have been made to understand the carcinogenesis for many years. In this paper, We tried to explain the cancer based on “chaos”, “adaptation” and “information” with the context of new literature findings.
Material Design and Performance Evaluation of Foam Concrete for Digital Fabrication
Authors: Markin Viacheslav , Nerella Venkatesh Naidu , Schröfl Christof , Guseynova Gyunay , Mechtcherine Viktor
Published: June 2019

3D-printing with foam concrete, which is known for its distinct physical and mechanical properties, has not yet been purposefully investigated. The article at hand presents a methodological approach for the mixture design of 3D-printable foam concretes and a systematic investigation of the potential application of this type of material in digital construction. Three different foam concrete compositions with water-to-binder ratios between 0.33 and 0.36 and having densities of 1100 to 1580 kg/m³ in the fresh state were produced with a pre-foaming technique using a protein-based foaming agent. Based on the fresh-state tests, including 3D-printing as such, an optimum composition was identified and its compressive and flexural strengths were characterised. The printable foam concrete showed compressive strength above 10 MPa and low thermal conductivity, which make it suitable for 3D-printing applications, while fulfilling both load-carrying and insulating functions.
Molecular Characterization of a Supergene Conditioning Super-High Vitamin C in Kiwifruit Hybrids
Authors: McCallum John , Laing William , Bulley Sean , Thomson Susan , Catanach Andrew , Shaw Martin , Kanebel Mareike , Tahir Jibran , Deroles Simon , Timmerman-Vaughan Gail , Crowhurst Ross , Hilario Elena , Chisnall Matthew , Lee Robyn , Macknight Richard , Seal Alan
Published: June 2019

During analysis of kiwifruit derived from hybrids between the high AsA species Actinidia eriantha and A. chinensis var chinensis, we observed bimodal segregation of fruit AsA concentration suggesting major gene segregation. To test this hypothesis we performed whole-genome sequencing on pools of high and low AsA fruit from tetraploid A. chinensis var. deliciosa x A. eriantha backcross families. Pool-GWAS revealed a single QTL spanning more than 5 Mbp on chromosome 26, which we denote as qAsA26.1. A co-dominant PCR marker was used to validate this association in four diploid (A. chinensis x A. eriantha) x A. chinensis backcross families, showing that the eriantha allele at this locus increases fruit AsA levels by 250 mg/100 g fresh weight. Inspection of genome composition and recombination in other A. chinensis genetic maps confirmed that the qAsA26.1 region bears hallmarks of suppressed recombination. The molecular fingerprint of this locus was examined in leaves of backcross validation families by RNASEQ. This confirmed strong allelic expression bias across this region as well as differential expression of transcripts on other chromosomes. This evidence suggests that the region harboring qAsA26.1 constitutes a supergene, which may condition multiple pleiotropic effects on metabolism.
PENGUATAN LITERASI BUDAYA BAGI PELAKU SENI BUDAYA DESA KALIREJO, KECAMATAN KOKAP, KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Tohani Entoh , Sugito
Published: June 2019

Penguatan literasi budaya bagi pelaku seni budaya desa dimaksudkna untuk memberikan sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan kemampuan literasi budaya bagi para pelaku seni budaya dalam  rangka memberdayakan masyarakat. Kemampuan literasi budaya belum dikuasai secara optimal dalam upaya mengembangkan budaya masyarakat. Peneltiian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan dengan model: pengkajian isu, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan mengimplementasikan tindakan dan merefleksi memperbaiki rencana tindakan (McIntyre, 2007). Wujud tindakan berupa pendidikan dan pelatihan yang dilakukan terhadap para pelaku seni budaya dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran orang dewasa dan berbasis pengalaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penguatan memberikan kesadaran dan pemahaman kepada kelompok sasaran mengenai kemampuan literasi budaya dalam upaya memajukan budaya masyarakat. Oleh karenanya, tindakan yang berkesimbungan dan relevan perlu dilaksanakan kembali di masa depan dengan ketersediaan fasilitas yang memadai.
On the performance of OPC UA and MQTT for data exchange between industrial plants and cloud servers
Authors: Rocha Murilo Silveira , Sestito Guilherme Serpa , Dias Andre Luis , Turcato Alfonso Celso , Brandão Dennis , Ferrari Paolo
Published: June 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a key technology in the development of Industry 4.0. An increasing number of new industrial devices are expected to communicate with each other by means of local (edge) and cloud computing servers. In this article, two well-known protocols used for IoT and Industrial IoT (IIoT) are compared in terms of their performance when they are used to send/receive data to/from cloud servers. Due to their wide diffusion and suitability, the considered protocols are open platform communication-unified architecture publisher-subscriber (OPC UA PubSub) (purposely developed and maintained by industrial consortia) and message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT), the most well-known message protocol originally developed by IBM. The performance comparison is carried out considering the overall quantity of the data transferred (user payload plus overhead) and the roundtrip time required to send in data and receive a feedback message in return. The experimental results include the evaluation of several cloud computing server and application scenarios, highlighting how each protocol is particularly suitable for certain situations. Finally, conclusions about the best choice for data exchange between devices are given.
Industry Dives into UK’s New Oil and Gas Data Hub
Authors: Zborowski Matt
Published: June 2019

Publication by the UK Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) of 130 terabytes of the country’s oil and gas data has captured the imaginations of the upstream industry both domestically and abroad.

Launched 20 February, OGA’s National Data Repository (NDR) started off with 100 industry users and has since grown to 1,270 along with another 1,760 public users. Data consumers have signed up from 94 countries, with around half of active users from outside the UK. In April, users downloaded some 97,540 well data files, 1,913 2D seismic files, and 559 3D seismic files.

In the right hands, the dataset is intended to provide insight into the evolution and future potential of exploration and production (E&P) on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) through interpretation of public well, geophysical, field, and infrastructure data—spanning from the birth of the North Sea as a petroleum province to the present.

At least one operator is already taking the opportunity to use the database to search for prospective acreage. The NDR “adds momentum to Talon Petroleum’s push into the North Sea,” said Matthew Worner, director at West Perth, Australia-based Talon, as he took to Twitter following the repository’s unveiling. The company’s purchase this year of “specialist UK explorer” EnCounter Oil has it “well positioned to use the data from this release to identify exploration targets in future licensing rounds,” he said.

Worner’s comments are an encouraging sign for the OGA, whose purpose for the release is to help renew interest in exploration and development and stimulate innovation on the UKCS, said Nic Granger, director of corporate at the OGA. “In terms of who we’re targeting, we’re looking to encourage inward investment into the UKCS,” she told JPT.

Important, Granger noted, is that the data are “being opened up for the first time to organizations that aren’t operators,” namely those involved in the supply chain and technology innovators experimenting with machine learning and artificial intelligence.

The OGA is further promoting collaboration on technology development with the May launch of its UKCS technology portal. It allows operators to share lessons learned on technology deployment and facilitates engagement with the supply chain and tech firms to address development opportunities.

Data-Sharing Emphasis

Information sharing—namely data sharing—is one of the OGA’s top priorities. Since it was established in 2015, the OGA has made available seismic data, digital well logs, geological mapping, and various kinds of reports from the field.

The regulator has a portfolio of prospects that goes back decades thanks to early data-collection efforts by the British Geological Survey, said Nick Richardson, head of exploration and new ventures at the OGA, during a recent exploration-focused OGA podcast. “We’re going to try and make as much of that information as openly accessible as possible so that companies can look at it and derive new insights,” he said.
Big Data vs. Diverse Data: Confidential Databases Lack Performance Benchmarks
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: June 2019

Carlos Castañeda is hungry for more data and analysis from coiled tubing jobs, and the manager of coiled tubing engineering at Pioneer Energy Services said he also needs to know how his company’s work compares with the competition.

Pioneer is one of more than 25 companies relying on CoilData for real-time monitoring. The data and analysis can tell him which of his people is efficiently drilling out plugs left after fracturing and the ones who may need retraining.

What he does not have is a measure of how his company’s work compares with competing well-intervention companies because the data needed to do that are confidential.

“If you are an individual service company, you are looking at your pipe in isolation,” said Paul Brown, the CEO and founder of CoilData. He sees great value in the data he has collected from more than 155,000 jobs monitored over the past 10 years, but tapping it will require companies to decide if the competitive advantage of analysis based on industry benchmarks exceeds the value of the current level of confidentiality.

Recently he presented a rare multicompany look at how coiled tubing companies manage their most critical asset, coiled tubing strings. The paper presented at the SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition showed significant differences in how much use companies got out of 3,700 tubing strings studied (SPE 194306). It raised the question: Are they leaving money on the table by prematurely retiring tubing strings that cost about $250,000 each?

The Bigger Picture

For those with no interest in well workover, it also raised a larger question about decision making. It showed how service company decisions vary widely when each company is operating in data isolation. Brown’s discussion of the results also showed how the available information on decision making can be limited and subjective.

Brown has a unique perspective based on a career where he used his software and analytical skills to create tools to gather, monitor, and analyze well interventions. He offers many reasons for why companies stop using strings of coiled tubing. But the study showed a significant number of examples where the string’s cumulative metal fatigue—an estimate used to predict the likelihood of failure—was so low it suggested the tubing could have been used longer without a significant risk of failure.

“They must have had a reason for doing it, but it might have been a bad reason,” he said. The qualifier “might” is required because only the company using the string can see what it looks like or know all the details about how it was used or abused.
Intravenous injection of butorphanol prevents shivering of parturients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fu Shuying , Qi Liang , Zhang Bing , Hu Mingpin , Liu Xuejiao , Li Jun , Lian Qingquan , Lin Wendong
Published: June 2019

Background
The objective of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of intravenous injection of butorphanol on the shivering in those parturients who underwent cesarean section (CS) under epidural anesthesia (EA).

Methods

160 parturients planned for elective CS under EA were enrolled and finally 155 of them were included in this trial and randomly allocated to 4 groups. Before epidural anesthesia, parturients in Group A, B and C were respectively injected 7.5μg/kg, 5μg/kg and 2.5μg/kg butorphanol (100ug/ml) while none in Group D was given any drug. The incidence, duration and intensity of shivering, hemodynamic parameters of parturients, Apgar score of neonates, analysis of blood gas of umbilical cord and adverse events were recorded.

Results
The demographic characteristics of parturients of the four groups were similar. Compared with the control group (Group D), statistically significant attenuation of shivering was seen in the parturients of Group A and Group B. The incidence, intensity and duration of shivering of the Group A and Group B were all lower than those of the control group, but there was no statistical difference in the incidence, severity or duration time of shivering among groups receiving butorphanol. No patient displayed grade 4 shivering. There were no significant differences among the groups with mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR) after administration of butorphanol. The incidences of most adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, and hypotension were also not seen statistical difference among the four groups. However, compared with other three groups, sedation parameter increased in Group A. Compared with Groups C and Group D, incidences of dizziness increased in Group A and Group B. There was no significant difference in Apgar score, PH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3- and lactic acid value among the newborns of the four groups.

Conclusion

The prophylactic administration of intravenous butorphanol 0.75μg/kg or 0.5μg/kg is effective on inhibiting shivering and can be safely used in parturients undergoing CS under EA, but 0.5μg/kg is more suitable because of less sedation. Dizziness of parturients should be monitored whichever dose is used.
Root dentine thickness of danger zone in mesial roots of mandibular first molars
Authors: Zhou Guangchao , Leng Diya , Li Mingming , Zhou Yang , Zhang Cuifeng , Sun Chao , Wu Daming
Published: June 2019

Background

Better understanding of the danger zone anatomy in mesial roots (MRs) of mandibular first molars (MFMs) may serve to decrease the risk of mishaps. This study aimed to measure the minimal distal dentine thicknesses of danger zone in MRs of MFMs in a native Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

CBCT images of 1792 MFMs from 898 Chinese patients were analyzed. The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals below the furcation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm were measured. The association between the minimal distal dentine thicknesses and the root lengths, patient’s age and gender, side were assessed.

Results

The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MB and ML canals are located 3∼4 mm below the furcation for both men and women. There are no differences between MB and ML canals, while the minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MB and ML canals were higher in men than women (P<0.05), except at 1 and 3 mm of ML canals (P>0.05). The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MB and ML canals increased with age in both men and women at each location (P<0.05). The minimum distal dentine thickness at every location were significantly different between long teeth and short teeth both in men and women (P < 0.05), with short teeth having the smallest mean values. There are no significant differences between two sides (P>0.05).

Conclusions

The minimal distal dentine thicknesses of MRs in MSMs have close correlation with root length, patient’s age and gender.
Immunosuppressive Treatment for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: A Network Meta-Analysis and GRADE Assessment
Authors: Gu Mingjia , Yu Xiang , Bao Neng , Gao Leiping , Lu Lidan , Kong Wei
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND and AIMS Immunosuppressive therapy for IMN remains a controversial topic. In light of this, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of different pharmacological treatments for idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
METHODS: Twenty-eight randomized clinical trial (RCT) cases were included with 1759 instances of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with a minimum of a 6-month follow-up. Treatment with tacrolimus (TAC), cyclophosphamide (CTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), chlorambucil, cyclosporin A (CsA), steroids, rituximab and supportive therapy were compared with each other. Outcomes were measured using the remission rate and incidence of side effects. Summary estimates were expressed as the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (OR; CI). The quality of findings was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
RESULTS：Low evidence found herein supports the fact that the remission rate of CTX was slightly inferior to that of TAC (OR 0.83, CI: 0.41, 1.7). Stronger evidence suggests that the incidence of leukopenia (OR 0.50, CI: 0.20, 0.80) and hepatotoxicity (OR 0.40, CI: 0.19, 0.81) in patients treated with TAC was much lower than that of CTX. It was also found that the remission rate of treatment with steroids was lower than that of CTX (OR 0.24, CI: 0.08, 0.73). Compared with chlorambucil, modearte evidence supports the claim that the rate of infection (OR 0.29, CI: 0.08, 1.01) and leukopenia (OR 0.13, CI: 0.03, 0.54) in patients undergoing treatment with CTX was much lower.
CONCLUSION: Due to the equivalent remission rate with a decreased incidence of side effects, TAC should be regarded as the first line therapy instead of CTX for idiopathic membranous nephropathy over IMN.
Comparative efficacy of different laryngoscopes in obese patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: wang changsong , Liu Miao , Zhang Zhaodi , Wang Guiyue , Li Yuhang , Yu Kaijiang
Published: June 2019

Background: The airway management of obese patients is complex, and intubation is a critical step. Therefore, it is important to choose the optimal laryngoscope. Moreover, the best type of laryngoscopes to use for this population is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal laryngoscopes for endotracheal intubation in obese patients. Methods: We searched the Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE, EBSCOhost and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials comparing video laryngoscopes (VLs) with direct laryngoscopes (DLs) or different brands of VLs in adults with obesity for inclusion in this study. First-attempt success rate, intubation time, glottic view and composite complications were identified in this meta-analysis. Results: A total of 13 trials with 1264 patients were identified. VLs were associated with an increase in the first-attempt success rate (relative risk (RR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.16), shorter intubation time (mean difference (MD) -13.19, 95% CI -25.57 to -0.81) and an improved glottic view (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.30). No difference was observed in the incidence of composite complications. In the network meta-analysis, all three types of VLs (Macintosh blade VLs, angulated blade VLs and side-channel blade VLs) were associated with an improved glottic view (RR 1.4, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.2-1.7; RR 1.3, 95% CrI 1.2-1.5; and RR 1.2, 95% CrI 1.1-1.3, respectively). Conclusions: Compared with DLs, VLs generally showed advantages in obese patients requiring endotracheal intubation. Despite the composite complications, there is insufficient evidence to definitively identify the optimal type of laryngoscopes in obese patients. Angulated blade VLs reduce the complications related to intubation compared with side-channel blade VLs and conventional Macintosh DLs. Trial registration: This study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017079927. http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).
COMMENCE Trial – Comparing hypOtherMic teMperaturEs duriNg hemiarCh surgEry A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mild vs Moderate Hypothermia on Patient Outcomes in Aortic Hemiarch Surgery with Anterograde Cerebral Perfusion
Authors: Jabagi Habib , Wells George , Boodhwani Munir
Published: June 2019

Background:
Aortic arch surgery remains the only viable life-saving treatment for aortic arch disease. However, the necessity for cessation of systemic blood flow with hypothermic cardiac arrest carries substantial risk of morbidity and mortality, including poor neurological outcomes and kidney failure. While uncontrolled studies have suggested the safety of operating at warmer temperatures, significant variables remain un-investigated supporting the need for a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to produce evidence-based guidelines for perfusion strategies in aortic surgery. This study proposes a multi-centre Randomized Control Trial (RCT), in order to compare outcomes of warmer hypothermic strategies during aortic hemiarch surgery on a composite endpoint of neurologic and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods:
This is a prospective multi-centre, single-blind two-arm RCT comparing mild (32°C) versus moderate (26°C) hypothermic cardiac arrest in patients (n=282) undergoing hemiarch surgery with antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP). The primary endpoint is a composite of neurological injury (incidence of transient ischemic attack and/or stroke) and KDIGO stage 1 or higher AKI. Secondary outcomes include death, cardiopulmonary bypass time, bleeding, transfusion rates, prolonged mechanical ventilation, myocardial infarction, length of stay, and quality of life measures.

Patients will undergo 1:1 block randomization to each treatment arm on day of surgery. Sequence of operation will be at the surgeon's discretion with mandatory guidelines for temperature and ACP administration. Perioperative management will occur as per enrolling centre standard of care. Neurocognitive function will be assessed for neurological injury using validated neurological screening tests: NIHSS, MOCA, BI, and MRS throughout patient follow-up. Diagnosis and classification of AKI will be based on rising creatinine values as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Study duration for each patient will be 60±14 days.

Discussion:
It is hoped that performing hemiarch surgery using mild hypothermia (32°C) and selective ACP will result in a 15% absolute risk reduction in the composite outcomes. The potential of this risk reduction will translate into improved patient outcomes, survival, and long-term financial savings to the Health Care system. In addition, the results of this trial will be used to create the first-ever guidelines for temperature management strategy during aortic surgery.
OCT Angiography of Persistent Hyaloid Artery: A case report
Authors: Jeon Hansol , Kim Jinsoo , Kwon Soonil
Published: June 2019

Background

A persistent hyaloid artery is a rare fetal remnant. Several complications such as amblyopia, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment have been reported. Here, we present a case of vitreous hemorrhage with a persistent hyaloid artery.

Case presentation

A healthy 16-year-old male presented with blurred vision in his left eye. Vitreous hemorrhage occurred and absorbed spontaneously. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated a Mittendorf’s dot and fundus examination revealed a persistent hyaloid artery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a Bergmeister’s papilla. The blood flow of the persistent hyaloid artery via the Bergmeister’s papilla was found by OCT angiography.

Conclusion

The persistent hyaloid artery should be considered as a cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage of young healthy patient. The OCT angiography will be a useful noninvasive approach to confirm the patency of the persistent hyaloid artery.
The Transitional Legend of Winners
Authors: Kovačević Ivan
Published: June 2019

During 2006 a number of stories that featured the motive of great gain under dramatic circumstances were repeatedly told in betting-houses in Kragujevac, a town in Serbia. The main character of these legends is an empoverished victim of transition who, thanks to luck and help of friends, wins a great sum of money betting. Besides de­scribing the preceding transitional «fall» of the winner (getting fired, failing in private enterprise), the legends describe his economical and social prosperity initiated by capital gained through betting (starting succesfull enterprises, buying good shares). Diachronically following other «sudden wealth» legends this transitional legend speaks about the establishing of a new system of values that, in the categories of so­cial promotion, makes up for the old principles that marked the period of socialism.
Pseudo-Marxism and Proto-Functionalism in Serbian Ethnology: Kulišić versus Filipović
Authors: Gorunović Gordana
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses an episode in the history of Serbian ethnology, which I take to be indicative of the conditions in domestic disciplinary production in the first decade following WWII. The debate on functionalism between the then-leading representa­tive of «vulgar materialism» (a form of pseudo-Marxism), Špiro Kulišić, and Milenko Filipović, who advocated an innovative social and functional perspective in ethnology (as a form of proto-functionalism), is viewed as a critical example that reveals the condition of academic ethnology at the time. Its characteristics were: the rule of in­tellectual inertia and ideological exclusivity; absence of constructive public discus­sions, debates and critical consideration of the subject, methods and aims of ethnol­ogy in the period of socialist transition; arrest of theoretical and methodological thought, exemplified by collector's empiricism and designed, schematic application of the Soviet model of «ideologically correct study». Proto-functionalism occurred in this setting as a rival strategy. Aware of the stagnation of Serbian ethnology and the need to innovate it, as well as of the complexity of the social and cultural milieu of the time, Filipović - in a theoretically modest and perhaps premature way - offered an alternative to the dogmatic views according to which ethnology was a study of rural surroundings and survivals; to the schematic application of methods and abstract concepts of evolutionism; and to the pretentious discourse of vulgar materialism, with its ideological and propaganda-serving functions.
From Public Place to Market-Place: Anthropology, Critiques of Con-temporary Education, and its Meaning in Serbia
Authors: Baćević Jana
Published: June 2019

In this text, I summarize and present contemporary voices of critique of education, that come from anthropology and some related disciplines. Contemporary critique of education attempts to demonstrate how educational practice is linked with global political and economic power. The focus in this text has been on these critiques as forms of resistance to neoliberalization and commoditization of education, trends that are now prevalent in America and most European countries. Finally, I discuss the possibilities and dangers of this process for anthropology in Serbia – in the political and methodological sense, as well as offer some possible strategies for dealing with the transformation of contemporary educational sphere.
Richard Mercer Dorson: Institutionalization and Internationalization of the American Folklore Science
Authors: Hristić Ljubomir
Published: June 2019

Richard Mercer Dorson made great strides in fieldwork theory and technique, influ­encing especially his own students' work. He pioneered the analysis of oral style in folk narratives and of the role of folklore in American literature, here too stirring up considerable controversy. He was an architect of intellectual bridges between folklor­ists of the United States and their counterparts in Europe, Africa, and Asia, both through his own writings and through the published works and conferences he stimu­lated others to bring about. And, more than anyone else, he agitated for the establish­ment of academic programs in folklore in the United States, with the respected pro­fessional instructors, systematic curricula, and scholarly bibliography needed to sus­tain them. The legacy of Dorson's writings to future American, and folklorists world­wide, is rich and complex, requir­ing the long term for its full significance to be appre­ciated.
Cultural Biography of Haute Couture: The Story of Aleksandar Joksimović's "Vitraž" Collection
Authors: Velimirović Danijela
Published: June 2019

The term »grandiose pseudo-clasicism«, introduced to the study of fashion in socialism by Djurdja Bartlett, does not hold ground in the case of Yugoslav/Serbian offical fashion industry. Instead, I claim that a more appropriate term would be »grandiose exotism«, since Yugoslav/Serbian fashion did not build its identity on the pseudo-classical esthetical models, but on the incorporation of exotic motives and patterns form the national thesaurus. »Grandiose exotism« was a part of the wider project of »national-style« fashion that dominated the history of Yugoslav/Serbian fashion during the 1960s. This form of fashion production was a convenient means for the presentation of Yugoslav idiosyncrasies. Since it corresponded with the characteristics of the social and political milieu of the Yugoslav state, »national-style« fashion symbolically represented the aspects of the identity of Yugoslavia as a socialist and non-aligned country. Therefore, the socialist regime gave a highly representative and commercialized role to grandiose exotism, as an exclusive style in national fashion. However, in the domain of everyday practices, exclusive fashion production was denied high cultural value, since its products were subjected to processes of commoditization and exchanged for very low sums of money. Parallel to the processes of commoditization, there was the process of informal singularization carried out by groups who had access to warehouse stocks of haute couture. Unfortunately, the lack of data on the further cultural biography of these objects disables us to fully study the destiny of exclusive pieces of Yugoslav fashion production in socialism.
The Third Force in Folklore Studies: Gary Alan Fine's Sociological Approach
Authors: Antonijević Dragana
Published: June 2019

This paper attempts to offer a critical overview of the theoretical and methodological contribution of micro-sociologist and social psychologist Gary Alan Fine to folklore studies. It begins with a discussion of both the major and most questioned points of his methodology, continues with a consideration of the wider folkloristical framework of his interpretation, and ends with a suggestion for innovation and improvement of Fine's analytical framework for the interpretation of folk narratives.

Gary Alan Fine's most significant contribution to folklore studies was research of rumours and urban legends, including their meaning, function, and influence on indi­vidual behavior. In a series of papers, apart from offering an interpretation of various urban and corporate legends, he also demonstrated methods and means of connecting social and cultural factors with narrative content, in the context of social and eco­nomic structures and relations in post-industrial and late-capitalist global societies. Of special interest are papers in which he analyzes folklore as expressive culture and a form of symbolic communication between small groups, as an important form of self-identification and behavior strategies both from within and without of the group. Fine makes a point when he diagnoses a lack of analyses of this sort in American folklore studies, wishing there were enough to make a significant turn in contemporary folk­loristics. This is why Fine named his new research strategy the «third force». Another dimension of his contribution is the further elaboration of the analytical framework that relies on socio-structural, socio-psychological, symbolical and economical pa­rameters of explanation. For that purpose, he constructed a theoretical and meth­odogical model called the folklore diamond. With his suggestions and critique of the existing state of folklore studies, Gary Alan Fine provided a very significant contri­bution to the science of folklore in general.
Applying anthropology in the development of former colonies
Authors: Ribić Vladimir
Published: June 2019

From the sixth to the eight decade of the twentieth century, horizontally integrated and sector approach intermingled, and the renewed interest for the influence of development on the poor in the second half of the seventies, brought about the larger than ever engagement of anthropologists in developmental projects. In the twenties “sustainable” became the credo for development, and for anthropologists, cultural ecologists and human rights representatives, sustainability meant the capability of the people to preserve and maintained their mode of life.

The usual stance is that developmental anthropology as a profession is constituted upon the general anthropology, and that one of its perspectives in relation to the development planning arises from the understanding of the process of birocratic decision making and the use of profound knowledge of cultures, institutions and historical trends in a particular country, as well as from the insights obtained from comparative studies of comparable institutions in other countries. The objective is to arrive to an unambiguous and anticipatory assessment of decisions-consequences relating to the distribution of resources, and the foremost trait of such perspective is the focus on, in a cultural pattern based, perceptions, goals, interests, strategies and organizations of the planned clients and members of other groups, including the elite and the administrators, whose cooperation is a precondition of change. On the other hand, anthropologists who reject such understandings of developmental anthropology, rebuff an occidental view of development as a historical necessity.
Semiotic analysis of commercials – A methodological discussion
Authors: Vasiljević Jelena
Published: June 2019

Essay deals with the problem of applying semiotics in the analysis of commercials.The discussion is initiated by a concrete segment of such practice-thesis preparedunder the mentorship of Daniel Chandler, a known author in the field of semioticand the head of the Semiotics of commercials, a seminar found on the post graduatelevel of a welsh university. After demonstrating the methodological steps andfundamental ideas present in these papers, the validity of such an enterprise, in viewof the specifics of commercials as part of a semiotic analysis, will be examined. Specialattention is conferred to the problem of ideological and critical aspect that is ascertainedin such an analysis, as a tension in between structurally, namely socially,orientated semiotic.
A New Model of Continuous Improvement in Total Quality Management from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Afroza Bulbul Afrin  , Rafikul Islam  , Rodrigue Ancelot Harvey Fontaine  , Md. Yousuf Ali  , Mizanur Rahman
Published: June 2019

Continuous improvement in products/services is a vital element of total quality management (TQM). To strengthen competitive advantage in the market, organisations must continuously improve quality of products and services. Whether this process is termed as Jidoka, Kaizen, PDSA, 5-S, Six Sigma, or JIT, the purpose is to continually improve product/service quality or process quality. However, these models focus solely on mundane benefits. Developing a model of continuous improvement from an Islamic perspective is the major objective of this study. By nature, the study is an exploratory one and theoretically based on library research and is rooted in the Qur’?n and Sunnah. The major outcome of this research is development of a new model of continuous improvement, named NAMS cycle. This cycle is composed of four inter-related components: al-N?yyah bi al- Ikhl?s, al- ‘Amal, al-Mu??saba, and al-?hukr. Having the initial letters of the components the model is named. In turn, each component consists of a number of elements, for example al-N?yyah bi al- Ikhl?s consists of intention, objectives, and planning. Organisations have to fulfil two prerequisites for successful implementation of the model in their premises which are top management commitment and strongly motivated work team.
Sowing Dates have Different Effects on Spikelet Formation among Different Photoperiod‐Sensitive Rice Genotypes
Authors: Wang Yaliang , Wang Lei , Chen Huizhe , Xiang Jing , Zhang Yikai , Shi Qinghua , Zhu Defeng , Zhang Yuping
Published: June 2019

The photoperiod sensitivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars plays an important role in rice growth and yield formation. To ascertain the different effects of sowing dates on spikelet formation for different photoperiod‐sensitive genotypes, 10 sowing dates were selected to assess differences in spikelet differentiation and degeneration for photoperiod‐sensitive cultivars yongyou 538 (YY538) and xiushui134 (XS134) and photoperiod‐insensitive cultivar chujing27 (CJ27). The yield of the cultivars differed significantly among different sowing dates and was primarily influenced by the spikelet number per panicle. With different sowing dates, shorter daylengths, and increasing temperatures significantly shortened the duration from sowing to heading for YY538 and XS134, while that of CJ27 was less changed and influenced by the average temperature. Rice growth duration was the primary factor limiting dry matter accumulation (DMA), which was correlated with the number of differentiated spikelets (NDS) and the proportion of degenerated spikelets (PGS) in photoperiod‐sensitive varieties. High temperature weather with a relatively large temperature gap and strong solar radiation promoted spikelet differentiation in all three cultivars. Extremely high and low temperatures aggravated spikelet degeneration, but YY538 and XS134 were not exposed to low temperatures because their duration of growth was shortened to a greater extent than that of CJ27 with late sowing dates. Under different sowing dates, the NDS and PGS were evaluated by partial least squares regression (PLSR) with DMA, rice growth duration, temperature, and solar radiation. These results provide a reference for sowing date adjustment with climate changes in different regions.

Core Ideas

Rice yield with different sowing dates was determined by spikelet number.

Rice growth duration was the primary factor affecting dry matter accumulation.

High temperature and more dry weight increased spikelet differentiation.

Sowing photoperiod‐sensitive cultivars at a late date avoided chilling injury.

Spikelet formation can be predicted by partial least squares regression with sowing dates.
Effects of Ferrous Iron Toxicity on Agronomic, Physiological, and Quality Indices of Flue‐cured Tobacco
Authors: Li Yan , Ren Ke , Zou Congming , Xie Jiawei , He Xian , Chen Yi , Hu Binbin , Shen Junru , Hu Xiaodong , Chen Jie , Xia Zhenyuan , Wu Yuping , Jin Yan
Published: June 2019

Ferrous iron (Fe2+) toxicity would cause flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) leaf browning, leading to yield loss and low quality. To explore the mechanism of leaf browning by Fe2+, two flue‐cured tobacco varieties, Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda) and K326, were planted in pots with two different soil types. Ferrous iron with a concentration gradient of 0, 170, 340, 510, and 680 mg kg−1 soil were arranged. Three types of indicators—agronomic traits, physiological indices, and economic indices—of flue‐cured tobacco were investigated. With increasing concentration of applied Fe2+, indices including plant height, biomass and chlorophyll content of the two varieties decreased, while browning scale increased. Activities of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), tricarboxylic acid, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) first increased and then decreased. Relative electrical conductivity and malonaldehyde (MDA) content gradually increased with concentration of applied Fe2+. Peroxidase (POD) activity and MDA content of K326 increased with Fe2+ concentration. For Hongda, POD activity first increased and then decreased in sandy soil, while it continuously rose in red soil. The Fe2+ content in each part of plants increased with increasing Fe2+ concentration, while yield and average price decreased. This study demonstrated that applied concentration of Fe2+ in soils affected agronomic traits and economic traits of flue‐cured tobacco by adjusting activities of SOD, CAT, APX, POD enzymes and MDA content. Consequently, understanding of physio‐biochemical responses of tobacco under Fe2+ stress would be helpful to develop agronomic strategies to alleviate leaf browning and could be used as bio‐markers for Fe2+ tolerance in breeding as well.

Core Ideas

Fe2+ affected tobacco traits via activities of SOD, CAT, APX, POD enzymes, and MDA content.

In two soils, ferrous ion stress caused reduced plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll contents.

Soil type, variety (K326 and Hongda), and iron concentration together affected browning scale.

Regarding oxidordeuctase activity, Hongda was suited to fine sand and K326 variety to red soil.

The varieties had similar leaf weight, average price, and yield; these indices declined with increased Fe2+.
Soybean Production under Continuous Potassium Fertilization in a Long‐Term No‐Till Oxisol
Authors: Antonangelo João A. , Firmano Ruan F. , Alleoni Luís R. F. , Oliveira Adilson , Zhang Hailin
Published: June 2019

Potassium (K) is essential for soybean production but over use of K fertilizer negatively impact the environment and farming profit. Therefore, the optimum K recommendation needs to be verified, especially in pedo‐environmental contrasting regions and long‐term cultivated areas. We evaluated the effects of continuous annual K fertilization on plant‐available K by Mehlich‐1 (KM‐1) and ion exchange resin (Kresin), plant uptake (Ktissue) and the yields of two soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.) grown in an Oxisol under long‐term no‐till (NT). The treatments included four K rates (0, 40, 75, and 110 kg ha–1) with four replications. Kresin was highly correlated with KM‐1 (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Plant‐available K was linearly correlated with Ktissue (trifoliate leaflets) with r of 0.76 and 0.82 (p < 0.0001) for KM‐1 and Kresin, respectively. Maximum KM‐1 and Kresin that expressed the highest KTissue concentrations were in the ranges of 1.72 ± 0.26 to 2.36 ± 0.35 and 2.58 ± 0.22 to 3.11 ± 0.33 mmolc K dm–3, respectively. The Ca+Mg/K ratios in tissues decreased by increasing K application. Soybean yields increased from 1823 to 2611 kg ha–1 as the rates of annual‐K application increased from 0 to 40 kg ha–1. Additional K application did not further improve yields. For yields, the maximum responsive soil test K was 2.16 ± 0.58 mmolc K dm–3 for KM‐1 and 3.42 ± 0.91 mmolc K dm–3 for Kresin; while the maximum responsive Ktissue at R2 stage was 14.5 ± 0.98 to 18.1 ± 2.2 g K kg–1. Our results confirm that soil test for plant‐available K and plant tissue test are important to guide K fertilizer recommendations.

Core Ideas

Plant available K extraction methods are compared.

Soil test K is an important tool to guide annual fertilization for optimum soybean yield.

K content in soybean trifoliate leaflets at R2 stage can serve as an indicator of K sufficiency levels.