bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of CXCL8 as an Immune Microenvironment Regulator of Colorectal Cancer: A Bioinformatics Study Based on Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus Datasets
Authors: Shao Ying , Gao Shuhua , Cheng Minrong , Zheng Jinxiu , Yang Ting , Li Tie , Yang Lijun , Yang Tao
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAt present, a lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) exists. This is one of the reasons for poor prognosis of this increasingly occurring disease. The purpose of our research is to identify molecular candidates for therapeutic intervention that would help stop the malignant progression of CRC.MethodsIn this study, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the combined microarray data GSE40967 and GSE8671 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the CRC RNA-seq dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This analysis consisted of 1067 CRC samples and 92 normal mucosae in total. We identified the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using R and Venn software. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network information was obtained using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) Database. The Cytoscape plug-ins MCODE and cytoHubba were used to screen hub modules. CXCL8, which was the selected hub gene, was subjected to functional analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The algorithm “Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)” was employed to estimate the relative abundance of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte cells (TILs) with CXCL8 expression. Finally, correlation analysis was carried out to explore the underlying mechanisms.ResultsWe identified 135 common DEGs, which consisted of 38 upregulated genes and 97 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were strikingly enriched in regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The downregulated DEGs were enriched in bicarbonate transport. We identified the candidate molecule CXCL8 as a product of the hub gene. Functional enrichment analysis and GSEA indicated that CXCL8 may be closely related to a regulator of the CRC immune microenvironment. Finally, TILs analysis and correlation analysis showed that CXCL8 may inhibit CD8+ T cell immune infiltration through the HIF-1α/PD-Ls axis. In addition, CXCL8 could induce the polarization of M2 macrophages through the PI3K/AKT3 pathway.ConclusionsWe determined that hub gene CXCL8 may promote immune escape of CRC by inhibiting CD8+ T cell immune infiltration or promoting polarization of M2 macrophages. CXCL8 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC patients.
Downregulation of Urinary microRNA-200c acts as a Promising Novel Bio-marker in the Diagnosis of Patients With Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zi Hao , Tao Wen-Lin , Gao Lei , Yu Zhao-Hua , Bai Xiao-Dong , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMicroRANs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in various human cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic performance of urine miR-200c in bladder cancer. MethodsQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method was applied to measure the relative expression of urine miR-200c in bladder cancer patients. The relationship between urine miR-200c level and clinicopathological factors was analyzed using χ2 test. The diagnostic capacity of urine miR-200c was calculated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsUrinary level of miR-200c was significantly reduced in bladder cancer patients compared with healthy controls (P=0.000). Furthermore, urine miR-200c expression was strongly correlated with histologic grade (P=0.019), tumor grade (P=0.003), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.001). ROC curve showed that urine miR-200c could distinguish bladder cancer patients from healthy controls with an area under the curve of 0.844. The cutoff value of 1.235, with the sensitivity of 89.0% and the specificity of 70.7% respectively.ConclusionUrine miR-200c may act as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer.
Rare Huge Epidural Hematoma Associated with Re-fracture of Kummell Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bai Lu Lu , Wang Wen Tao , Xue Xu Kai , Du Jin Peng , Hao Ding Jun , Wang Jian Feng , Ge Chao Yuan , Cao Dong Zi , Lu Liang
Published: October 2020

Background Kummell disease combined with huge spinal epidural hematoma is a very rare phenomenon, and its potential pathogenesis and natural course remain unclear.Case description We describe a rare case of Kummell disease with huge spinal epidural hematoma. A 75-year-old male was diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and was treated conservatively. After suffering minor trauma again 8 days ago, he presented unbearable low back pain and activity restriction. Lumbar MRI showed that L1 vertebral had re-fracture and intervertebral vacuum cleft, and a huge spinal epidural hematoma extending from T12- L1. Due to the patient had no neurological deficits and unbearable low back pain, percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed, and pain was relieved significantly. The follow-up MRI showed that the hematoma almost disappeared 7 days after the operation.Conclusion Although extremely rare, there is a possibility of spinal epidural hematoma after re-fracture of Kummell disease, and it could be further confirmed via MRI and pathological examination. Timely operation is recommended, and the results are usually favorable.
Comparison of Growth in Children 6 to 59 Months of Age According to Birth Order: Insights From the National Family Health Survey-4 India
Authors: Ghimire Ananta , Dharmaraj Aravind
Published: October 2020

Background Undernutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world. The present study aimed to understand the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in India and determine what extent it differs by birth order, other child level, maternal and socioeconomic factors.MethodsThis study used information from a total weighted sample of 128859 mothers from India National Family Health Survey 4. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the association between undernutrition with birth order, other child level, maternal and socio-economic factors. Three models were constructed for the study, model 1 as univariate, model 2 adjusting with birth order and socioeconomic predictors and model 3 adjusting with all the predictors included in the study. Results The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were 37.9, 34.0 and 20.7 respectively. The mean age of children was 2.4 years (standard deviation 1.3) of which majority were second order birth (33.6%), males (54.5%), anemic (58.9%) and normal birth weight (87.2%). All three models showed that higher birth order was a strong predictor of a child being stunted and underweight after adjusting for potential confounders. Children with lower wealth quintiles, anemia, male, low birth weight and vaginal delivery had higher odds of being stunted, wasted and underweight in model-3 adjusted analysis.Conclusion The findings from this study provide an important interaction between birth order and child undernutrition status in India. However, further longitudinal studies are required to establish such cause-effect relationship between birth order and undernutrition.
Satisfaction in Delivering Maternal and Neonatal Health Services During a Pandemic: Recommendations for Infection Preparedness and Response Protocols and Employee Support for Community Health Workers 
Authors: Jafree Sara Rizvi , Momina Ain ul , Mahmood Qaisar Khalid , Khawar Amna
Published: October 2020

Aim: Community health workers (CHWs) have emerged as salient health team members in disadvantaged primary settings to provide critical services to disadvantaged mothers and their newborns. There is need for empirical evidence to understand how CHWs may be supported in delivering maternal and neonatal health services during pandemics. Subject and Methods: In this study we used bivariate regression to identify the lower odds for CHW perceived satisfaction for maternal and neonatal health services, with respect to client socio-demographic characteristics, coronavirus preparedness, coronavirus responsiveness, and employee satisfaction. In addition, we used structural equation modeling to investigate if coronavirus responsiveness and employee satisfaction as mediating variables influence the relationship between coronavirus preparedness and maternal and neonatal health services. Results: From a sample of 350 CHWs across 35 districts of Punjab, we found 30 predictors with respect to coronavirus preparedness, coronavirus responsiveness and employee satisfaction which contribute to lower odds of maternal and neonatal health services. We also identified that employee satisfaction is a key mediator in the relationship between coronavirus preparedness and maternal and neonatal health services. Conclusion: We conclude with 4 critical recommendations to support CMWs in delivering optimal services, comprising: education and training, operational support, public acceptance, and employee support and benefits.
NFATc1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Facilitates Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Targeting SNAI1
Authors: Shen Tianli , Yue Chenyang , Wang Xingjie , Wang Zijun , Wu Yunhua , Xiao Qian , Zhao Chenye , Qu Chao , Ye Changchun , Tian Qi , Sun Xuejun , WANG WEI
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMetastatic recurrence remains a major cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality. In this study, we focused on the role and the potential underlying mechanisms of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) in CRC metastasis. MethodsWe examined the expression of NFATc1 in 140 cases of CRC tissues and 35 corresponding adjacent tissues, as well as analyzed the correlation between NFATc1 expression levels and clinical stages. The role of NFATc1 in CRC metastasis and the molecular mechanisms were investigated in both in vitro and in vivo models. ResultsThe results showed that NFATc1 expression was increased in metastatic CRC tissues and positively associated with clinical stages (Stage I vs. Stage II, III or IV) of CRC. Overexpression of NFATc1 promoted CRC cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, SNAI1 was verified as the direct transcriptional target of NFATc1 and interacted with Slug to promote EMT. Remarkably, our lung and liver double metastasis mouse model demonstrated that NFATc1 overexpression accelerated CRC metastasis, and treatment with FK506, a calcineurin-NFAT pathway inhibitor, could suppress CRC metastasis in vivo. ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest that NFATc1 could transcriptionally activate SNAI1, which in turn could interact with Slug to mediate EMT and to promote CRC metastasis, making NFATc1 a promising target in CRC treatment.
Background splicing and genetic disease
Authors: Alexieva Diana , Long Yi , Sarkar Rupa , Dhayan Hansraj , Bruet Emmanuel , Winston Robert , Vorechovsky Igor , Castellano Leandro , Dibb Nick
Published: October 2020

We report that low level background splicing by normal genes can be used to predict the likely effect of splicing mutations upon cryptic splice site activation and exon skipping, with emphasis on the DBASS databases, BRCA1, BRCA2 and DMD. In addition we show that background RNA splice sites are also involved in pseudoexon formation, recursive splicing and aberrant splicing in cancer. We discuss how background splicing information might inform splicing therapy.
Assessment of the changes in the stress related salivary cortisols levels induced during different Dental procedures
Authors: Phukela Sumit Singh , Ritwal Pankaj , Dhall Rupinder Singh , Yadav Pooja , Madan Reshu , Yadav Jaiveer
Published: October 2020

Aims and objective: Anxiety ,fear and pain assessment is essential in day to day Dental practice  .The present study evaluated the  stress related salivary cortisols levels induced during scaling,tooth preparation and surgical flap elevation in Periodontally compromised  subjects 

Methodology: The salivary cortisol level were assessed in 80 patients ,out of which 40 patients were healthy patient who do not require any Dental treatment and 40 patients who underwent Scaling , tooth preparation and surgical flap elevation in Periodontally compromised  subjects 

The groups divided were as follows .

Group 1: control group with no treatment and just the saliva sample was taken.

Group 2; The patients underwent scaling

Group 3; The patients underwent  tooth preparation for fixed prosthesis

Group 4; The patients underwent surgical flap elevation in Periodontally compromised  situation .The salivary cortisol levels were assessed using Salivary Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit.

Results: The salivary cortisol level was highest in Group 4 followed by Group 2, Group 3 and least in Group 1.

Conclusion: The stress level was lowest in healthy patient and highest when patient underwent surgical flap elevation in Periodontally compromised  subjects .Dentist should try to minimize subject anxiety and stress to great extent .
An In-Vitro Evaluation of the influence of repeat pours of addition silicone impressions on the dimensional accuracy of resultant casts: an original research study
Authors: Pritam Amrita , Mall Nivedita
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim: For miscellaneous purposes, the prosthodontists and dental laboratory technicians usually attempt repeated pouring of the impression in order to avoid expenses and curb upon the chair-side time. There are numerous factors which can affect dimensions of subsequent casts on repeated pouring. These include the process of polymerization, temperature and the material used to fabricate the replica of working cast. The sole aim of this study was to evaluate if repeated pouring of addition silicone impression would influence the dimensional accuracy of resultant casts. Materials & Methods: Addition silicone impression material along with tray adhesive were used to evaluate the influence of repeat pours on the dimensional accuracy of resultant casts at various time intervals i.e. at 15 minutes, 75 minutes, 24 hours and 7 days. Vision measurement machine was used for measurement of dimensions. A metal control model of 8*6*2 cm was made with abutments. Various dimensional markings and measurements (for inter-abutment distance & intra-abutment distance) were completed. All 80 resultant casts were along with the master model was dimensionally evaluated with “Vision Measurement Machine”. Statistical Analysis and Results: Statistical analysis was completed by SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 21.0 and Epi-info version 3.0. The result of this study showed that working dies obtained from Addition silicone at various time intervals i.e. 15 minutes, 75 minutes, 24 hours and 7 days exhibited insignificant dimension changes clinically. The p-value was taken significant when less than 0.05 (p<0.05) and Confidence interval of 95% was taken. Post-Hoc Bonferroni test showed no significant difference for the inter-interval comparison of mean inter-abutment distance (Line 2-3). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study authors concluded that the addition silicone impression material could be preferred material in the field of prosthodontics for repeated pouring up-to 7 days due to its favorable qualities like dimensional accuracy and stability, elastic recovery from undercuts, low creep and moderate to high tear resistance.
Remineralization potential of GC Tooth Mousse and GC Tooth Mousse plus on initial caries like lesion of primary Teeth – An in-vitro comparative evaluation
Authors: Anshul  , Kishor  Jha Kaushal
Published: October 2020

Aim: Teeth are constantly going through cycles of demineralization and remineralization. The ultimate goal of clinical intervention is the preservation of tooth structure and the prevention of lesion progression to the point where restoration is required. Thus promoting remineralization is the ultimate goal of clinical prevention of caries lesion. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the efficacy of GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP) and GC Tooth Mousse Plus (CPP-ACP)F  on artificial enamel caries in primary human teeth.

 

Methods and Material:    Sixty freshly extracted human primary anterior teeth were used in this study.

     The root portion of 60 primary anterior teeth was separated from the crown portion at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)

     Teeth samples were divided into 3 Groups (n=20 each). Group 1 as a control group, Group 2  GC Tooth Mousse, and Group 3 Tooth Mousse Plus containing dentifrices were used. Samples were subjected to 10 days of pH cycling protocol.

The changes were analyzed using Vickers Hardness Testing Machine and SEM.

 

 Pre and post groups were compared by paired t-test.  Independent groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance.

 

Result:

Micro-morphological observations of the enamel surfaces with SEM :

     Group 1 the enamel scanning showed shallow depressions and fine porosities within these depressions, Group 2 showed numerous granular particles and amorphous crystals which were arranged on the enamel surface. Smooth, homogeneous surface, and no irregularities were seen in Group 3.

Surface Microhardness Evaluation

  After treatment, the mean hardness Group III was the highest followed by  Group II and Group I (i.e. Group I < Group II < Group III).

 

Conclusion:  GC Tooth Mousse Plus showed a statistically significant amount of remineralization.
Perceived sources of stress amongst Indian dental students in Bareilly city
Authors: Saleem Adeeba , Gupta Puneet , K  K Shivalingesh , Mir Henna , Srivastav Divya , Singh Aditya  Veer
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In addition to the stresses pertaining to dentistry as a profession, dental students have to face the additional stress of their studies. Through stress can also contribute to decreased student performance. The aim of this study was to assess perceived sources of stress among undergraduate dentists at a Dental College in Bareilly, India.

Materials and methods: A modified dental environment stress (DES) questionnaire which consisted of 38 questions was used to assess the levels of stress.

Results: The first major stressor for all the students was examination and grades followed by full working day, fear of unemployment after graduation, receiving criticism from supervisors about academic or clinical work, amount of cheating in dental faculty, rules and regulations of the faculty. Fear of unemployment after graduation and lack of relaxation were among the six highest stressors in each year, at least four. The perception of stress between genders with a male predilection was significantly different. Eighteen of the 38 questionnaire items had significant differences across the year groups including clinical DES items.

Conclusion: The primary sources of stress perceived by dental students were exams and grades followed by full working day and receiving criticism about academic or clinical work from superiors. Since high levels of perceived stress can reduce student performance, dental schools should consider courses in stress management.
Commentary: How to do personal network surveys: from name generators to statistical modeling
Authors: Maya-Jariego Isidro
Published: October 2020

The book “Conducting Personal Network Research” is a conceptual and methodological introduction to the structural study of personal networks. It is part of a series of recent monographs that have begun to systematize the knowledge generated in this area in recent decades (Crossley et al., 2015; McCarty et al., 2019; Perry et al., 2018). In this case, the authors have dedicated a large part of their career to the empirical investigation of the interpersonal relationships, interaction contexts, and social integration processes of immigrants, along with other groups in vulnerable situations. With this publication, all this experience is now reflected in a clear and comprehensive introductory text. This book explains how to integrate relational data collection and analysis with survey research. It systematically presents the strategies to estimate the size of personal networks. Finally, it describes how to fit statistical analysis to relational data, including regression models, multi-level models, and longitudinal models.
Deformation and strength of mantle relevant garnets: Implications for the subduction of basaltic-rich crust
Authors: Vennari Cara E. , Lin Feng , Kunz Martin , Akaogi Masaki , Miyagi Lowell , Williams Quentin
Published: October 2020

Garnet is an important mineral phase in the upper mantle as it is both a key component in bulk mantle rocks, and a primary phase at high pressure within subducted basalt. Here, we focus on the strength of garnet and the texture that develops within garnet during accommodation of differential deformational strain. We use X-ray diffraction in a radial geometry to analyze texture development in situ in three garnet compositions under pressure at 300 K: a natural garnet (Prp60Alm37) to 30 GPa, and two synthetic majorite-bearing compositions (Prp59Maj41 and Prp42Maj58) to 44 GPa. All three garnets develop a modest (100) texture at elevated pressure under axial compression. Elasto-visco-plastic self-consistent (EVPSC) modeling suggests that two slip systems are active in the three garnet compositions at all pressures studied: {110}<111> and {001}<110>. We determine a flow strength of ~5 GPa at pressures between 10 to 15 GPa for all three garnets; these values are higher than previously reported yield strengths measured on natural and majoritic garnets. Strengths calculated using the experimental lattice strain differ from the strength generated from those calculated using EVPSC. Prp67Alm33, Prp59Maj41, and Prp42Maj58 are of comparable strength to each other at room temperature, which indicates that majorite substitution does not greatly affect the strength of garnets. Additionally, all three garnets are of similar strength as lower mantle phases such as bridgmanite and ferropericlase, suggesting that garnet may not be notably stronger than the surrounding lower mantle/deep upper mantle phases at the base of the upper mantle.
Effect of magnesium on monohydrocalcite formation and unit-cell parameters
Authors: Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Frank-Kamenetskaya Olga V. , Kuz’mina Maria A. , Chernyshova Irina A. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V.
Published: October 2020

Monohydrocalcite (MHC) is hydrated calcium carbonate, which plays an active role in many geological processes, carbonate biomineralization, and can be used for fundamental science (as a paleoenvironmental indicator) and industry (for removal of hazardous anions). Despite a great number of works, the conditions preferable for MHC formation/stabilization and MHC crystal chemical patterns in relation to Mg and H2O are not clarified yet. In the course of current work, we conducted 38 syntheses to obtain information on MHC formation at different Mg/Ca ratios (0–12), pH (~9–12), and temperature (23 and 3 °C). Newly formed carbonate precipitates were studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction, optical, and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The phase diagram for MHC, calcite, aragonite, and dypingite as a function of pH and Mg concentration in solution at T = 23 °C and Ca/CO3 = 0.5 was obtained. We demonstrated that MHC could be stable in dry conditions for up to two years and that the time of crystallization is important for the transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate to MHC. Our results on synthetic MHC stability show that the widespread idea that MHC is a short-lived intermediate phase is wrong. For the first time, on the basis of a regular changes in the unit-cell parameters the possibility of significant incorporation of magnesium in MHC has been demonstrated. According to FTIR data, it is shown to be accompanied by an increase in the water content, which leads to multidirectional change in a and c MHC parameters.
Microclimate changes, photomorphogenesis and water consumption of Moringa oleifera cuttings under different light spectrums and exogenous phytohormone concentrations
Authors: Silva Alexandre Eugênio da , Ferraz Rener Luciano de Souza , Silva João Paulo da , Costa Patrícia da Silva , Viégas Pedro Roberto Almeida , Neto José Félix de Brito , Melo Alberto Soares de , Meira Kaline de Souza , Soares Cláudio Silva , Magalhães Ivomberg Dourado , Medeiros Aldair de Souza
Published: October 2020

Moringa oleifera is one of the most important plants in the world due to its multiple uses as well tolerance to abiotic stress. However, it may presents low quality seedlings in protected environment under thermal and luminous stresses. The current study aimed to evaluate environmental microclimate changes; photomorphogenesis and water use of M. oleifera cuttings under light spectral and phytohormones variations, as well as to identify the most important variables to explain those effects. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial design with four replications. Four luminosity conditions, white (a transparent plastic layer), blue (two layers of blue cellophane paper), red (two layers of red cellophane paper), and extreme red lights (one layer of red cellophane and one of alternating blue cellophane) and four phytohormones concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100%) were applied. M. oleifera semi-woody cuttings were collected from 7 am to 9 am from the M. oleifera mother plants, grown on a rural property located in the city of Lagoa Seca, Paraíba, Brazil, with the following characteristics: 15 cm in length, 4 to 5 mm in diameter, and 2 or 3 buds. Throughout the experimental period, environments were monitored to determine illuminance, average air temperature, relative humidity, soil average temperature, and evapotranspirated water consumption by cuttings. The numbers of shoots were recorded weekly. The number of surviving roots and shoots were measured 60 days after M. oleifera cuttings planting. Illuminance was reduced in environments under blue, red, and extreme red lights, respectively. The air temperature was reduced under blue light, while red and extreme red lights induced the increase on air temperature and relative humidity, soil temperature, and therefore, water consumption of cuttings. Protected environments when irradiated with blue light and application of phytohormones at concentrations of 25 and 50% enabled the shootings and survival of cuttings, although no root formation was observed after 60 days from planting. All variables were considered important to explain the effects.
Nitrogen recovery from fertilizers and cover crops by maize crop under no-tillage system
Authors: Silva Edson Cabral da , Muraoka Takashi , Bastos Alefe Viana Souza , Franzini Vinícius Ide , Silva Alinne da , Buzetti Salatiér , Sakadevan Karuppan , Soares Frederico Antonio Loureiro , Teixeira Marconi Batista , Trivelin Paulo César Ocheuze , Araújo Leandro Coelho de
Published: October 2020

Crop rotation associated with the use of cover crops promotes the introduction of crop residues to the soil, with direct and indirect effects on the availability of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to estimate the N utilization from 15N-urea and cover crop residues (labelled with 15N) of maize crops grown in succession, and evaluate the effects of the isolated and combined use of cover crops and urea on maize plant height, yield components, and grain yield, grown under a no-tillage system. Field research was conducted in an Oxisol (Rhodic Haplustox), Cerrado (Savannah) phase. The experimental design was a randomized block with 20 treatments and four replications in a 5x4 factorial scheme. The treatments were four cover crops species: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), green velvet bean (Mucuna prurens), and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) + spontaneous vegetation (fallow in the off-season), combined with four N rates: 0, 30, 90, and 150 kg ha-1, applied at the sowing and topdressing stages. The results showed that legume cover crops provided maize grain yields equivalent to the application of 80-108 kg ha-1 N as urea. The urea N utilization by the maize was at an average of 43.5 % of the applied amount. The results indicate that cover crops, particularly legume cover crops, are an important source of N to non-legume cereals. Legumes used as cover crops can replace nitrogen fertilizers of more than 80 kg ha, which is both environmentally and economically viable for corn production.
Mobility of flumioxazin herbicide in a Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol at Brazilian Southern Amazon
Authors: Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo , Tieppo Rafael Cesar , Carvalho Ricardo Vicentin , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Dallacort Rivanildo , Peres Walmor Moya , David Grace Queiroz , Rabelo Hudson de Oliveira , Rocha Adriano Maltezo da , Oliveira Lara Caroline Alves de
Published: October 2020

Herbicides are chemicals which can contaminate soil and water, if inadvertently used. In the soil, the herbicide may undergo adsorption and leaching or degradation by physical, chemical and biological processes in addition to being absorbed by the weeds and / or cultivation. The aim of this study was to determine the mobility of flumioxazin in Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol, in the southern Amazon, using sorghum plant as test under different rainfall indexes. We used PVC pipes, which were filled with soil. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2x5 factorial scheme, consisting of herbicide treatments [with or without flumioxazin (50 g i.a. ha-1)], rain (40 or 80 mm) and soil depths (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30 cm). After each rainfall simulation, the tubes were removed and sorghum seeds were placed in the depths 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30 cm from the top of the columns. It was observed a higher activity of flumioxazin in the initial 2.5 cm. In all depths where herbicide effect was observed, it was also observed the interruption of sorghum growth, being more intense in the simulations of 80 mm of rainfall. The herbicide presented high adsorptive capacity in Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol, with mobility up to the first 2.5 cm along the profile.
Agronomic characteristics of soybean under the production and decomposition of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass biomass in different integrated production systems
Authors: Oliveira Itamar Pereira de , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , Assis Renato Lara de , Severiano Eduardo da Costa , Dias Mariana Borges de Castro , Santos Charles Barbosa dos
Published: October 2020

With the adoption of integrated production systems, relative gains in soybean yield have been achieved due to the permanence of vegetal residues on the soil surface. These residues favour the soil microbiota responsible for the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling, which makes integrated agrosystems sustainable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of soybeans under the production and decomposition of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass biomass in different integrated production systems. The experiment was conducted off season in a dystroferric Red Latosol soil in a randomized block experimental design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: monocropped sunflowers; monocropped Paiaguas palisadegrass; row sunflowers x Paiaguas palisadegrass; inter-row sunflowers x Paiaguas palisadegrass; and oversown sunflowers x Paiaguas palisadegrass. The results showed that the monocropped sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass presented the highest biomass production throughout the soybean development cycle, with the slowest decomposition, representing a strategy to increase soil cover efficiency mainly in the period prior to summer planting. The soybean cultivated in the biomass of the monocropped Paiaguas palisadegrass and the Paiaguas palisadegrass intercropped in rows and in inter-rows presented better yields and was positively influenced by the production parameters compared with soybean cultivated otherwise. Therefore, sunflower intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass during the off season in the Central-West Region of Brazil was shown to be a promising and sustainable cultivation technique for the production of biomass for no-tillage systems.
Gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and yield of Jatropha curcas irrigated with saline water
Authors: Magalhães Ivomberg Dourado , Melo Alberto Soares de , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Queiroz Messias Firmino de , Arriel Nair Helena Castro , Ferraz Rener Luciano de Souza , Suassuna Janivan Fernandes , Júnior Sebastião de Oliveira Maia , Medeiros Aldair de Souza , Viegas Pedro Roberto Almeida , Costa Flavio da Silva , Costa Patricia da Silva
Published: October 2020

Jatropha curcas L. is a rustic plant with great potential for energy source. In semi-arid regions, where water scarcity has been one of the major problems, saline water is an alternative source in agriculture, although it causes losses in crop development and yield. This study was developed to evaluate the photochemical efficiency, gas exchange, and yield of Jatropha curcas irrigated with saline water. The experiment was carried out under five levels (L) of water electrical conductivity: L1 = 1.2, L2 = 1.8, L3 = 2.4, L4 = 3.0, and L5 = 3.6 dS m-1, (calibrated at 25 ºC). We conducted physiological assessments such as photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, gas exchange through stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 internal concentration and leaf net photosynthesis rate after application of saline water and following prunning. J. curcas production was measured based on the following variables, number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per bunch, weight of shells per plant and weight of seeds per plant. Continuous application of saline water after J. curcas pruning caused a drastic reduction of up to 31.1% in gas exchange (A, gs, E, Ci, and A/Ci). Photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was restricted by salinity at 2.4 dS m-1 level. Increasing electrical conductivity in irrigation water at levels above 1.20 dS m-1 significantly reduced J. curcas production components by up to 77.3%. Irrigation with saline water up to the level 1.20 dS m-1 did not damage gas exchange and fruit production of Jatropha curcas crop.
Overcoming seed dormancy and rooting in air-layering polyembryonic seedlings of sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.)
Authors: Araujo Caroline Palacio de , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Rosa Thuanny Lins Monteiro , Schmildt Edilson Romais , Lopes José Carlos , Pezzopane José Eduardo Macedo
Published: October 2020

Lecythis pisonis produces edible seeds rich in nutritional and functional elements such as selenium and are a great alternative to Brazilian nuts. The seeds have low germination, which may be related to physical dormancy imposed by tegument, meaning that polyembryonic seedlings can be a strategy to increase final stand. The objective of this work was to study methods to overcome seed dormancy and auxin induction in polyembryonic seedlings of pisonis. The experiment to break dormancy consisted of seven treatments: T1: intact seeds; T2: seeds scarified on hilum’s opposite side; T3: seeds scarified hilum’s adjacent region; T4: seeds scarified in lateral region; T5: seeds scarified in both opposite and adjacent region to the hilum; T6: T2 + immersion in water at 40 °C/20 minutes; T7: T2 + immersion in water at 60 °C/5 minutes. The experiment to induce rooting was arranged in a 2 x 6 factorial randomized complete block design (environments: A. greenhouse and B. greenhouse covered with black polyolefin (80% shading) x concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA): 0; 1000; 2000; 3000; 4000 and 5000 mg L-1), with four replicates of eight polyembryonic seedlings. Seed coat scarification in hilum’s adjacent (T3) and lateral regions (T4) was the most efficient methods for breaking physical dormancy. IBA at 5000 mg L-1 promoted the greatest rhizogenesis of L. pisonis layers.
Physiological potential of soybean industrially treated with different spray volumes and dry powder
Authors: Abati Julia , Brzezinski Cristian Rafael , Zucareli Claudemir , Werner Flávia , Henning Ademir Assis , Henning Fernando Augusto
Published: October 2020

The industrial treatment of seeds has favored the development of new technologies such as the use of dry powder. It has made application of spray volumes higher than those used in the conventional treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of industrial treatments at different spray volumes with and without application of dry powder on physiological quality of soybean seeds. A completely randomized experimental design was performed with four replications in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement for cultivars BRS 359 RR and BRS 284. The factors were five spray volumes (0, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mL. 100 kg-1) with and without the application of dry powder. The products used to obtain the volumes were fungicides (carbendazim + thiram); insecticides (imidacloprid + thiodicarb); nematicide (abamectin); micronutrients (cobalt, molybdenum and zinc); polymer (peridiam); biostimulant (kinetin + gibberellic acid + 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid) and inoculant (Bradyrhizobium japonicum). The physiological quality of the seeds was determined by the following assessments: germination, first count of germination test, seedling emergence in sand, emergence speed index, and total length of the seedling shoot and root. The results showed that increased spray volume associated with the application of dry powder in seed treatment reduced the physiological quality of soybean seeds, and spray volumes up to 1200 mL 100 kg-1 in seed treatment without the application of dry powder do not impact the emergence and establishment of soybean seedlings.
Factors influencing the legal regulation and management of education system in Kazakhstan: a review and analysis
Authors: Movkebayeva Zulfiya , Khamitova Dana , Zholtayeva Aibarsha , Balmagambetova Venera , Balabiyev Kairat
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, the modernization of the education system is the basis of dynamic sustainable economic development and citizens’ well-being. The key agent for the implementation of educational policy and the developer of the legal framework governing the functioning of the educational sphere is the state and its bodies. The Kazakhstani state policy’s main priorities in the field of education are formulated in several strategic documents. Using the review approach, this article examines the current state of public policy and legal regulation in Kazakhstan’s education sector. The article analyzes key documents that define the contours and content of the main directions of public policy and legal regulation. This article attempts to identify, review, and analyze the legal characteristics of the key process and factors existing in the legal field of Kazakhstani education, such as “Bologna factor,” “soviet legacy,” “provision of quality,” etc. The article concludes that the existing legal tools do not fully comply with law enforcement practice. The interpretations of some legal acts are somewhat different, which causes difficulties for actors providing educational services. Based on the result of the analysis, the article provides the main recommendations for improving legislation in education.
Acknowledgment This article was written under grant from Kazakhstan Ministry of Education and Science No. АР05135081 “Student with disabilities and distance education learning environment: socio-practical and legal dimensions” coordinated by Prof. Dr Zulfiya Movkebayeva (Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University).
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions and prevalence of office visits due to anemia: a regional-level analysis from Peru
Authors: Mougenot Benoit , Amaya Elard , Herrera-Añazco Percy
Published: October 2020

In Peru, anemia affects around 30% of children under the age of four, making it one of the major public health problems of the country. The literature suggests that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions may reduce anemia prevalence; however, empirical evidence of this association remains scarce for the Peruvian context. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between WASH conditions and office visits due to anemia (OVA), at the regional level during the years 2010–2018. Using generalized estimating equation models (GEE), we find that the prevalence of OVA increases by 0.24/1,000 per one percentage point (PP) increase in the proportion of households with access to safe drinking water and decreases by 0.22/1,000 per one PP increase in the proportion of households with basic sanitation. Our results suggest that policymakers should not only ensure a better coverage of drinking water sources but also ensure adequate quality.
Língua, colonização e resistência:
Authors: Da Rosa Eias Cristiane
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre as formas de dominação através da linguagem para a disseminação de modos de ser e pensar aos povos da África e do território que viria a se tornar o Brasil. Nesse movimento, necessitamos também compreender as permanências e imposições desses grupos e suas possibilidades de articulação nesse contexto, que acabou por gerar uma linguagem própria, o português brasileiro. Para entender como se deu a comunicação nesse cenário, consideramos o papel da Companhia de Jesus para a estruturação da exploração colonial e as estratégias estabelecidas pelos grupos submetidos, a partir do pressuposto de que, dada a sua diversidade, uma delas foi a criação de novas linguagens, que disputavam com o português. Assim, era possível a resistência também através da fala, que nascia a partir das línguas africanas, de um mesmo tronco linguístico, formuladas e reformuladas na dinâmica social.
A casa como espaço de materialização do processo de luto na poética de José Craveirinha
Authors: Soares Pinto Nathália
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo dispõe-se a pensar acerca do espaço da casa em poemas do livro Maria, do poeta moçambicano José Craveirinha. A análise, a partir de um viés psicanalítico freudiano, estabelece este espaço como um território onde se materializa o luto após a perda do ser amado. A partir de um diálogo crítico, queune psicanálise, a ideia de paisagem de Michel Collot e a análise de Gaston Bachelard acerca da casa, discute-se aqui a relação concebida entre homem e espaço por intermédio da composição de um espaço literário que concretiza o luto.
Território e identidade na “Terra Mãe do Brasil”
Authors: Cerqueira Neto Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves , Cunha Ricardo Almeida , Pinheiro Ana Carolina Santos
Published: October 2020

Certamente, que a cidade de Porto Seguro (BA) possui um valor incalculável no contexto histórico do país. Esta reflexão tem como objetivo principal contribuir com a decodificação de uma dicotomia estabelecida entre território e identidade dentro de uma escala local. A tentativa de invisibilização dos indígenas no território de Porto Seguro é uma ação contínua e acentuada pela globalização do turismo de massa; o que justifica a produção de pesquisas como a que gerou este artigo. Apesar deste cenário, a pesquisa concluiu que há uma resistência dos Pataxó e o engajamento de Instituições de pesquisa, como o Instituto Federal da Bahia em Porto Seguro, que produzem ações que impedem o processo total de invisibilidade desses povos tradicionais.
O tempo na escrita de um espaço
Authors: Mendes Ruan
Published: October 2020

Toda a obra literária de Maranhão foi dedicada à cidade de Russas e sua gente. Vamos investigar a escrita desse autor como construtora de memórias, constituindo-se assim numa escrita formuladora de sentidos para o passado e para as espacialidades, uma arte ficcional desejosa de ser uma arte capaz “de dar tempo ao espaço”. O objetivo é analisar a concepção de tempo na obra do escritor russano e compreender seus usos e acionamentos em uma prática de escrita pela qual visou dotar um espaço – o seu “torrão natal” - de uma inscrição na história. Também analisaremos quais as relações de Maranhão dentro do “campo artístico” do qual fez parte e os usos que fez - pela via literária - do “fantástico” para construir memórias para um espaço.
Espaço, lugar e territorialidade
Authors: Das Graças Alencar Viana Maria , Melo de Sá Barreto Liz , Carvalho Corrêa Diego
Published: October 2020

Tendo como objeto o longa-metragem Aquarius (2016), esta pesquisa explora o conceito de espaço, lugar, apego ao lugar, territorialidade por meio da luta da protagonista Clara, frente aos avanços da especulação imobiliária que atingiu a cidade de Recife-PE. A análise do filme mostra que o edifício Aquarius, como um "lugar", foi uma consequência das relações do espaço e de suas percepções sobre ele. O apego da protagonista ao edifício foi a base para a materialização da territorialidade como sentimento de pertencimento e a razão pela qual ela resistiu às persistentes ofensivas da Construtora Bonfim.
DIFERENCIAL DE RENDIMENTOS POR NÍVEL DE ESCOLARIDADE ENTRE HOMENS E MULHERES NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DOS PRIMEIROS TRIMESTRES DE 2012, 2015 E 2019
Authors: Faria de Jesus Danyelle , Rodrigues da Silva Ana Márcia , Junio Faria Neves Otávio
Published: October 2020

O nível de escolaridade das mulheres tem crescido com o passar dos anos. Paralelamente a isso, elas têm aumentado sua inserção no mercado de trabalho. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o diferencial de rendimentos entre homens e mulheres nos primeiros trimestres de 2012, 2015 e 2019. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) Contínua dos trimestres mencionados. A metodologia do trabalho foi elaborada por meio de estatísticas descritivas e através de uma regressão, com aplicação de uma equação minceriana. Os dados permitiram concluir que os homens ainda auferem uma renda maior que as mulheres, mesmo elas sendo mais escolarizadas, mas essa diferença salarial dos sexos tem diminuído nos trimestres analisados. Isso mostra que mesmo no período atual as mulheres sofrem discriminação no mercado de trabalho.
MODELOS ASSOCIATIVISTAS DE GESTÃO DE SANEAMENTO RURAL
Authors: Marcelo Ximenes Teles da Roza  , Amorim Araújo Jamile
Published: October 2020

Os investimentos em saneamento básico, no Brasil, historicamente foram concentrados nos grandes centros urbanos. Deixando grande parte da população rural e dos pequenos municípios, sem acesso aos serviços públicos. Superar o passivo acumulado em saneamento rural, levando em consideração as especificidades desses territórios é o grande desafio das políticas públicas na área de saneamento. Desse modo o objetivo geral da pesquisa é fazer uma discussão sobre o saneamento básico rural no Brasil e de forma mais especifica deseja-se apresentar um modelo de gestão dos recursos hídricos e saneamento rural pautado no associativismo e na autogestão, tendo como foco o SISAR (Sistema Integrado de Saneamento Rural) aplicado com êxito e reconhecimento no Estado do Ceará.