bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic wavefield redatuming with regularized multi-dimensional deconvolution
Authors: Luiken Nick , van Leeuwen Tristan
Published: July 2020

In seismic imaging the aim is to obtain an image of the subsurface using reflection data. The reflection data are generated using sound waves and the sources and receivers are placed at the surface. The target zone, for example an oil or gas reservoir, lies relatively deep in the subsurface below several layers. The area above the target zone is called the overburden. This overburden will have an imprint on the image. Wavefield redatuming is an approach that removes the imprint of the overburden on the image by creating so-called virtual sources and receivers above the target zone. The virtual sources are obtained by determining the impulse response, or Green’s function, in the subsurface. The impulse response is obtained by deconvolving all up- and downgoing wavefields at the desired location. In this paper, we pose this deconvolution problem as a constrained least-squares problem. We describe the constraints that are involved in the deconvolution and show that they are associated with orthogonal projection operators. We show different optimization strategies to solve the constrained least-squares problem and provide an explicit relation between them, showing that they are in a sense equivalent. We show that the constrained least-squares problem remains ill-posed and that additional regularization has to be provided. We show that Tikhonov regularization leads to improved resolution and a stable optimization procedure, but that we cannot estimate the correct regularization parameter using standard parameter selection methods. We also show that the constrained least-squares can be posed in such a way that additional nonlinear regularization is possible.
Design of high selectivity narrowband eight-order high-temperature superconducting sextaplexer
Authors: Wang Li-Tian , He Ming , Xiong Yang , Zhang Wei , Chen Hai-Hua , Ji Lu
Published: July 2020

A C-band high-temperature superconducting six-channel multiplexer (sextaplexer) is proposed in this paper. A distributed coupling scheme is introduced, with which the bandpass filter (BPF) in each channel can be designed individually. The computational complexity of the proposed method is linearly increased as the number of the channels is getting larger, which is much lower than the traditional method. The proposed coupling scheme requires no extra matching network, which helps to reduce the size of the multiplexer circuit. The sextaplexer consists of six high-order BPFs with cascaded quadruplet structure. A pair of transmission zeros can be introduced to make the BPF have high selectivity. The example sextaplexer works at the C-band and each fractional bandwidth is about 0.8%. The center frequency ratios and the isolations of each adjacent channel can reach 1.01 and 42 dB, respectively. The measurement results match well with the simulation results, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Responsive mechanism and coordination mode effect of a bipyridine-based two-photon fluorescent probe for zinc ion*
Authors: Zhang Han , Shao Zhe , Zhao Ke
Published: July 2020

The properties of one-photon absorption (OPA), emission and two-photon absorption (TPA) of a bipyridine-based zinc ion probe are investigated employing the density functional theory in combination with response functions. The responsive mechanism and coordination mode effect are explored. The structural fluctuation is illustrated by molecular dynamics simulation. The calculated OPA and emission wavelengths of the probe are consistent with the experimental data. It is found that the red-shift of OPA wavelength and the enhancement of TPA intensity are induced by the increased intra-molecular charge transfer mechanism upon metal binding. The structural fluctuation could result in the blue-shift of TPA wavelength and the decrease of the TPA cross section. The TPA properties are quite different among the zinc complexes with different coordination modes. The TPA wavelength of the complexes with two ligands is close to that of the probe, which is in agreement with the experimental observation.
Structural and dynamical mechanisms of a naturally occurring variant of the human prion protein in preventing prion conversion*
Authors: Tang Yiming , Yao Yifei , Wei Guanghong
Published: July 2020

Prion diseases are associated with the misfolding of the normal helical cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) into the β-sheet-rich scrapie form (PrPSc) and the subsequent aggregation of PrPSc into amyloid fibrils. Recent studies demonstrated that a naturally occurring variant V127 of human PrPC is intrinsically resistant to prion conversion and aggregation, and can completely prevent prion diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Herein we perform multiple microsecond molecular dynamics simulations on both wildtype (WT) and V127 variant of human PrPC to understand at atomic level the protective effect of V127 variant. Our simulations show that G127V mutation not only increases the rigidity of the S2–H2 loop between strand-2 (S2) and helix-2 (H2), but also allosterically enhances the stability of the H2 C-terminal region. Interestingly, previous studies reported that animals with rigid S2–H2 loop usually do not develop prion diseases, and the increase in H2 C-terminal stability can prevent misfolding and oligomerization of prion protein. The allosteric paths from G/V127 to H2 C-terminal region are identified using dynamical network analyses. Moreover, community network analyses illustrate that G127V mutation enhances the global correlations and intra-molecular interactions of PrP, thus stabilizing the overall PrPC structure and inhibiting its conversion into PrPSc. This study provides mechanistic understanding of human V127 variant in preventing prion conversion which may be helpful for the rational design of potent anti-prion compounds.
Review of resistive switching mechanisms for memristive neuromorphic devices*
Authors: Yang Rui
Published: July 2020

Memristive devices have attracted intensive attention in developing hardware neuromorphic computing systems with high energy efficiency due to their simple structure, low power consumption, and rich switching dynamics resembling biological synapses and neurons in the last decades. Fruitful demonstrations have been achieved in memristive synapses neurons and neural networks in the last few years. Versatile dynamics are involved in the data processing and storage in biological neurons and synapses, which ask for carefully tuning the switching dynamics of the memristive emulators. Note that switching dynamics of the memristive devices are closely related to switching mechanisms. Herein, from the perspective of switching dynamics modulations, the mainstream switching mechanisms including redox reaction with ion migration and electronic effect have been systemically reviewed. The approaches to tune the switching dynamics in the devices with different mechanisms have been described. Finally, some other mechanisms involved in neuromorphic computing are briefly introduced.
Improved water oxidation via Fe doping of CuWO4 photoanodes: Influence of the Fe source and concentration*
Authors: Sun Yue , Du Fenqi , Xie Donghang , Yang Dongmei , Jiao Yang , Jia Lichao , Fan Haibo
Published: July 2020

Iron (Fe) was successfully doped in CuWO4 photoanode films with a combined liquid-phase spin-coating method via the dopant sources of Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4 and FeCl3. The microstructure of the prepared films was characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The light absorption and photoelectric conversion properties were evaluated by the UV-visible absorption spectra and monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. The chemical composition and element combination of the samples were examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A linear sweep voltammetric and stability test (I–t) were performed with an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the samples are uniform with a thickness of approximately 800 nm and that the photoelectrochemical performance of the doped films is heavily dependent on the Fe source and dopant concentration. Upon optimizing the doping conditions of Fe(NO3)3 and the optimal source, the photocurrent density in the Fe-doped CuWO4 photoanode film is improved by 78% from 0.267 mA/cm2 to 0.476 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. The underlying causes are discussed.
Propagation properties of the chirped Airy–Gaussian vortex electron plasma wave*
Authors: Wu Lican , Wu Jinhong , Liu Yujun , Deng Dongmei
Published: July 2020

We introduce a new class of the chirped Airy–Gaussian vortex electron plasma (CAiGVEP) wave which constitutes the exact and continuous transition modes between the chirped Airy vortex and the chirped Gaussian vortex electron plasma wave. The intensity, the phase, and the angular momentum density flow of the CAiGVEP wave are discussed under different distribution factors and different chirp modes.
The application of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics)-based Learning in Elementary School Surakarta District
Authors: Saddhono K , Sueca I N , Sentana G D D , Santosa W H , Rachman R S
Published: July 2020

Innovative learning is one of the answers to deal with challenges in the current era. STEAM-based learning is needed by students in Indonesia as an effort to train their skills and talents in facing problems in the 21st century. This study aims to describe the integrated thematic learning planning, implementation, and assessment in SD Negeri Tegalrejo 1 Yogyakarta. It was a descriptive qualitative research. Subjects of this study were the classroom teacher, students of VB class, and headmaster. Technique of data collection were observation, interview, and documentation. Data were analyzed by using some steps, in terms of data reduction, data display and drawing coclusion. Technique of testing data vailidity deployed triangulation of data collection technique and data sources. The result indicates that the integrated thematic planning conducted by teacher has contained the minimum criteria of lesson plan. The implementation of STEAM-based integrated thematic learning has presented the characteristics of integrated thematic learning, in terms of using subject guide of Basic Competence (BC), in which each BC has its own material.
Synthesis Biolubricant By Esterification Of Castor Oil (Jatropha Curcas L-Oil) With Chlorate Acid Catalyst
Authors: Rochmat Agus , Dudayev Alfaruqi Aslan , Saefuri  , Suaedah  , Nurtanto Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Biolubricant is made by reacting vegetable oil with alcohol with the help of strong acid or strong base catalyst in the esterification process. The goal of this research is to know the flash point of bio-lubricant, and know its characteristics. This research is done by reacting Jatropha oil and methanol reactant with perchloric acid with a variety of reactant mol and variety concentration of perchloric acid as a catalyst with esterification time of 7 hours, after that it will be purified by a various method to get the desired result. Results in this research have the highest flash point on 26 °C and lowest on 242 °C; highest viscosity on 217 cP and lowest on 130, 5 cP at 40 °C. At other temperature, the best viscosity is 184,5 cP at 40 °C and 27,45 cP at 100 °C. Average pour point from this bio-lubricant is -18,8 °C. Almost chemistry compound of Biolubricant contains fatty acid 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) with methanol resulting monoester compound 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester.
The Utilization of Bamboo Innovation as Aggregate Substitute for Paving Block
Authors: Wiwoho Mudjanarko Sri , Sugiharti  , Daniel Limantara Arthur , Mayestino Machicky , Eko Adi Sutrisno Andreas , Haziman Wan Ibrahim Mohd , Pratama Wiwoho Firdaus
Published: July 2020

The paving block is part of pavement system that is widely used by people in Indonesia. Paving blocks are common in urban and rural communities. Paving blocks are very easy to make and easy to apply. Standard way of making a paving block based on SNI 03-0691-1996 method is a mixture of cement, sand/gravel and water. Excessive use of natural materials has an impact on the sustainability of the natural environment. This problem can be solved with various innovations without having to reduce the quality of paving and the pavement itself. Wiwoho, M. S., et. al., [1][2] has conducted preliminary research using bamboo materials instead of aggregates. Whilst Bamboo trees are fast-growing plants and are widely used as merely buffer buildings. So, Bamboo waste materials have not been used optimally enough. The methodology used is that unused bamboo materials being cut in to the size of the required model. The use of bamboo material as a mixture in paving block has adjusted the size, and its composition. The result of this research is that paving blocks made from bamboo trees can meet SNI 03-0691-1996 standard with D quality. Thus, paving blocks can meet eligibility requirements, reasonably enough.
Internet Of Things (IOT) For Inventory And Container Position
Authors: Darmawan C D P , F Dwi S , Triyasa D H , Octaviani R D
Published: July 2020

Along with the rapid development of information technology, there is a change in every field, one of which is in the container depot (container storage). Smooth flow is part of the supporting aspects of the rapid transfer of products to consumers. Internet of Things (IoT) as technological development is a solution to support activities in container depots. The use of an IoT / RFID based system for transporting containers is an indispensable change in the interaction of the smooth flow of container transfers. The containers that are piled up will make the container search process longer and other processes hampered. The author tries to find out how to implement IoT in the depot container to achieve a container depot that is integrated with Information Technology (IT). This research was carried out using a qualitative method that wanted to be seen clearly and deeply what had been done.
Do Customers Will Accept Seaweed Packaging Innovation?
Authors: Alfaridi Nursery , Puspitorini A G , Wicaksono D J , Octaviani R D
Published: July 2020

World nowdays is suffering from a lot of environmental issues and one of the causes is plastic waste. Plastic causes hazardous negative impact on environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. The use of plastic majority is for the purpose of packaging. Whereas, there is packaging innovation using seaweed based which is more environmental friendly but the companies that use it are almost nonexistent. This research investigated the customers acceptance if their basic packaging material change from plastic to seaweed and focused on edible food packaging. Methodology used for this research is quantitative method with simple linear regression and SPSS for the data analysis. The purpose of this research is to encourage the company to start changing their packaging material if the customers itself also willing to accept it, and along with to inform customer about the packaging innovation and cooperate to reduce the use of plastic. The result of this research is customers do will accept the seaweed packaging innovation.
Payload Optimization Comparison Of Airbus 330 – 300 And Boeing 777 – 300ER Aircraft
Authors: Jasmine A , Putranto A R , Charles An , Sodikin A
Published: July 2020

Aircraft analysis is one of the strategy that are applied in the airline industry to be able to compete with other airlines by determining which aircraft is more effective, efficient, and economic. In fact, some airlines cannot apply this strategy. With this analysis, the airline is able to compete. By Seat Load Factor (70%) calculation, estimated weight of seat vacancy can substitute to Cargo Allowable. The result of calculation and comparison will produce the effectiveness aircraft on payload optimization. The result of comparison analysis is able to be concluded that A 330-300 aircraft is the aircraft that can better implement Payload Optimization. The lowest Total Operating Cost in the amount of US 14,042.94.- Dollar compared to the B 777-300ER aircraft that have Total Operating Cost in the amount of US 21,887.06.- Dollar. With a larger Total Operating Cost is owned by B 777-300ER, A 330-300 has a greater profit of US 13,742.62.- Dollar compared to B 777-300ER which has profit of US 13,433.94.- Dollar.
The Implementation of The Auto Gate System as A Facilitator of The Flow of Goods At Container Terminal (A Study At Operating Terminal 3 Ocean Going, Tanjung Priok Port)
Authors: Pramesti S , Safitri S M I , Sirait D P , Wibisono G , Simarmata Juliater
Published: July 2020

The heavy traffic of goods in the port, infrastructure and technology are needed as a support in the activity of goods traffic in the port. Terminal 3 Ocean Going IPC TPK has just implemented an auto gate as a goods flow accelerator at the port. This study aims to knowing the implementation of the auto gate system at Terminal 3 Ocean Going IPC TPK in facilitating the flow of goods and knowing the obstacles in the application of the auto gate system. The method used is qualitative descriptive by interview, observation and field research. Expected results with the existence of an auto gate system can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of services in goods traffic activities and can make it easier to control the flow of goods movements. The implementation of the auto gate system at Terminal 3 ocean going is considered good and provides many benefits, but IPC TPK has just been in a development test so that evaluation is still underway to go to the production test stage.
Calculation of EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) In Optimizing the Inventory Level of Dacron at Mell Toys’ Home Industry
Authors: Ali Yudhanto Nur , Arifah  , Hutauruk Paul S , Indriyati
Published: July 2020

Inventory control is very important so that the production can operate run well, one of the inventory controls is by using the EOQ method (Economic Order Quantity) on the purchase of raw materials. The purpose of the research is to optimize inventory costs in the manufacturing of Mell Toys home industry and to find out the total optimal of raw material orders. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The data used in the study were obtained from interviews. Data will be calculated manually obtained from the company using the EOQ method approach. This research produces data using EOQ the number of orders for raw materials is 3885 kg, this is greater than the company’s purchasing policy but with the calculation of EOQ, the total inventory cost can be saved from Rp. 4.800.000 to Rp. 424.250,8671. So using EOQ in purchasing raw materials can optimize inventory costs in Mell Toys home-made doll industry.
Application of Reverse Logistics Management in Utilizing and Creating Use Value from Plastic Waste
Authors: Assyari Faisal , Yudha Pamungkas Bagas , Rifni Muhammad , Hutauruk Paul S
Published: July 2020

Production activities can be interpreted as yielding for the use of goods and services in carrying out certain production, which if it cannot be recycled can lead to accumulation of garbage around the society, skin diseases / disrupt human health, and air pollution.Reverse logistics is an efficient planning that relates to raw materials and reuses the use value that is still in an item or the process of disposal of an item properly. It can be said that Reverse logistics is the return of goods from consumers to distributors to reuse a utility goods or also can be because the item is damaged / not on demand or also because of the disposal process of the item.This research is to find out, how the application of reverse logistics management in utilizing and creating use value from plastic waste. Data collection in this study uses the qualitative method and uses interview, questionnaire, book, observation, media and journal. Based on the analysis carried out, the researcher can conclude that, production activities or recycling processes in creative industries in NGOs to increase use value that is beneficial to the society, if the waste is not recycled, it cannot add value to waste plastic circulating in the society.
Validation of a method for fluid flow rate measurement in square ducts by means of laser velocimetry
Authors: Fabbiano L. , Dinardo G. , Vacca G.
Published: July 2020

The paper deals with the introduction of an alternative method for the evaluation of the fluid flow rate through a square pipe, by directly measuring the flow mean velocity at a fixed location in the section area. The authors of this paper have previously introduced a way for the evaluation of the fluid flow rate, by measuring a single point flow velocity in square pipes. In this study, the authors perform a series of considerations aimed at the validation of the proposed methodology, by comparing it with prescribed procedures described by ISO 3966:2008 standard. In this standard a method for the evaluation of fluid flow rate (under specific fluid dynamic conditions) is stated from velocity measurements performed in a-priori fixed points (in a given test section and to be defined according to the cross-section shape), using a static Pitot-tube (or equivalent equipment). In this work, the authors validate the proposed simplified method against the Log-Thebycheff procedure (according to the same standard). A Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) has been used.
2D-2C Particle Image Velocimetry analysis of contra-rotating propellers hydrodynamics
Authors: Capone Alessandro , Maiocchi Alessandro , Mohamed Jais , Tripelli Jonathan , Paolo Romano Giovanni , Di Felice Fabio , Alves Pereira Francisco
Published: July 2020

Contra-rotating propellers represent a non-conventional approach for marine propulsion whose main advantage lies in the increase of propulsive efficiency. This is achieved by recovering part of the energy loss due to the rotational flow generated by a single propeller by means of a contra-rotating downstream propeller. The hydrodynamics of such configuration is quite complex due to the interaction between upstream and downstream propellers and a deep understanding of their features is critical to driving the design phase. In this work a methodology based on planar (2D-2C) Particle Velocimetry is presented to investigate on the flow in the wake of two contra-rotating propellers. An ad-hoc mixed hardware and software phase-locking technique is developed in order to analyze the contribution of each propeller to the overall hydrodynamics of the system.
Comparison of linear methodologies and not for the evaluation of the vibrational morphodynamics of a pair of gears in different tribological conditions
Authors: Niola V , Quaremba G , Cosenza C , Russo L , Savino S
Published: July 2020

The gear wheels are the most common mechanism for the transmission of the torque between two organs. The tribological conditions can compromise both their performance and lifetime. Vibration analysis is a valid tool for the assessment of the health of a mechanical system. The following work illustrates a non-linear methodology for evaluating the vibrational dynamics of a single pair of gears, under different tribological conditions. The proposed methodology highlights the presence of damage on the surface of the teeth of the gear pair and evaluates effect on micro-vibratory dynamics due to different lubrication and rotation regimes. Once the vibratory dynamics features of the structure are known, a statistical model has been developed capable of classifying the different tribological regimes.
Design and development of innovative FBG-based fiber optic sensors for aerospace applications
Authors: Dalla Vedova M D L , Berri P C , Maggiore P , Quattrocchi G
Published: July 2020

In recent years aeronautical systems are becoming increasingly complex, as they are often required to perform various functions. New intelligent systems are required capable of self-monitoring their operation parameters, able to estimate their health status, and possibly perform diagnostic or prognostic functions. For these purposes, these systems frequently need to acquire several different signal types; although it is sometimes possible to implement virtual sensor techniques, it is usually necessary to implement dedicated sensing hardware. On the other hand, the installation of the required sensors can, however, significantly increase the complexity, the weight, the costs and the failure rate of the entire system. To overcome these drawbacks, new types of optical sensors, minimally invasive for measuring the system parameters and having a high spatial resolution and a minimum added complexity are now available. Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) sensors are suitable for measuring various technical parameters in static and dynamic mode and meet all these requirements. In aerospace, they can replace several traditional sensors, both in structural monitoring and in other system applications, including mechatronic systems diagnostics and prognostics. This work reports the results of our experimental research aimed at evaluating and validating different FBG installation solutions such as deformation, bending, vibration, and temperature sensors. These were compared with numerical simulations results and measurements performed with traditional strain gauges and accelerometers.
Inferring laminar burning properties from spherical expanding flames: the pitfalls of an established approach
Authors: Moccia V , D’Alessio J , Rispoli N
Published: July 2020

The procedure of deriving laminar burning parameters from high-speed, high-resolution shadowgraph recordings of spherical expanding flames allows to obtain experimental data in lifelike conditions of high pressure and temperature. Straightforward in principle, relatively simple to implement, the approach has been applied in several labs worldwide, to the extent of achieving a “common practice” status, sometimes resembling a codified protocol. Simple as it may look on paper, yet the technique hides a number of pitfalls, which can impair the end result. After the introduction of solid-state high-speed cameras (CCD, then CMOS), gathering high-speed videos of single combustion events became a breeze: this, along with the possibility of easy stockpiling of data, lend to underrate data analysis: sort of trading the accuracy of measurement for the repeatability. Another critical phase is dealing with the stretch, which affects any real flame: measured data must be processed to obtain the unstretched flame speed and, ultimately, the laminar burning velocity. The relationship between flame speed and stretch will be discussed, being a key factor for the deconvolution of experimental, stretch-affected data. In the present work a critical discussion is proposed, from experimental data acquisition and processing to stretch analysis: the underlying hypotheses of each step will be used as the guidance to a “good” rather than “common” practice. Reference will be made to a specific test case: the combustion of CH4 in air at P0 = 6 bar, spanning the whole flammability range.
Influence of Heat Reflective Wall on Air Conditioning Energy Consumption of Office Buildings in Chongqing
Authors: Hao ZhongYu , Shi DaChuan , QianKun Hou , Wang ZhiQiang
Published: July 2020

As the main channel of heat and humidity exchange between the building and the external environment, the improvement of the thermal insulation performance of the external wall is crucial to reduce the building energy consumption. However, the influence of heat reflective exterior walls on the energy consumption of air conditioning is rarely studied. This paper aims to study the effects of heat reflective walls on air conditioning energy consumption (ACEC) through testing and simulation. The measured results show that the heat reflective exterior walls will reduce the summer ACEC of the room and increase the ACEC of the room in winter, but the contribution rate is higher in summer than in winter. At the same time, the ACEC simulation results show that the energy saving per unit area of the heat reflective wall of the office building is 0.0149 kWh/(m2•a) for the west outer wall, 0.0131 kWh/(m2•a) for the east outer wall, 0.0121 kWh/(m2•a) for the south outer wall, and 0.0113 kWh/(m2•a) for the north outer wall. These provide a useful reference for the research and application of heat reflective walls in Chongqing.
Maximizing the ENVI-met Capability of Modelling the Mean Radiant Temperature of a Tropical Archaeological Site
Authors: Binarti F , Koerniawan MD , Triyadi S , Utami SS
Published: July 2020

ENVI-met is one of the most widely-used outdoor microclimatic models. Since previous studies found that ENVI-met tends to overestimate the MRT, this study attempted to maximize the ENVI-met capability of modelling the MRT in order to obtain accurate simulation results. This study developed three variations of the 3D-model and employed some features to improve the large MRT discrepancy between the field measurement and simulation that resulted from the preliminary model. The field MRT measurements were conducted using a globe-thermometer method on two hot days, i.e., September 21 and October 17. After comparing the results of field measurements and simulations, this study came into a conclusion that the current free version software is capable of performing MRT predictions with a low discrepancy (5%) by using “Solar Adjustment Factor” and “Cloud Conditions” features (19.7% improvement), and maximizing the spatial resolution. The spatial resolution in z-axis decreases the discrepancy by 2.5%.
Industrial Validation of Lead-plated Aluminum Negative Grid for Lead-acid Batteries
Authors: Yang Tong , Qian Shengqiang , Xin WU , Wang Zhenwei , Yuting LUO , Junyong YE , Chuanyun WAN , Wei YAN
Published: July 2020

Aluminum metal grids as lightweight substitutes for lead grid are promising to achieve the overall weight reduction of lead-acid battery for increasing energy density without sacrificing charge/discharge and cyclic performance. In this paper, a dense lead layer with an average thickness of 40 μm is industrially electro-deposited onto aluminum grid with a pre-plated nickel interlayer as the negative electrode for lead-acid battery. The charge/discharge tests with such an grid as negative plates show that the false welding between the lead-plated aluminum grid and lead busbar is an important challenge due to the thin plated lead layer, which would be a potential long-term risk for the charge step and sulfation. From dissection of the failed battery, it is found that the dense lead layer is partially corroded by sulfuric acid and aluminum substrate is partially dissolved into the electrolyte. Sulfation at such a negative electrode brings about a dense and sticky layer composed of the mixed PbSO4 and Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, which is the main failure mode of the lead-acid battery. This industial validation demonstrates that lead-deposited aluminum grids are not feasible at negative electrodes of light-weight lead-acid batteries from the viewpoint of commmercial reliability.
Application of low temperature transportation of 0#diesel oil in North China
Authors: Shujie Zhi , Hongjun Dong , Jianxin Yang , Hui Xiong , Xiuguo Cui , Yakun Niu , Shiyao Peng , Yang Du , Yubin Wang
Published: July 2020

Wax deposition in diesel transportation pipe at low temperatures is one of the harassing problems faced by the diesel transportation companies. In winter, the temperature is very low and the demand of diesel is increasing greatly in northern region of China. This work is focused on proposing a new method to transport diesel at low temperature, by analyzing the operating process of diesel transportation, studying the characteristics of the diesel wax deposition process in pipe by experimental measurements and ensuring the safety of diesel transportation at low temperature. The new diesel transportation method at low temperature built up some key parameters about the process of diesel entering to pipeline and achieved normal operation of the 0# diesel transportation system in winter. This achievement has been added into the operating regulations to promote the application of refined oil pipelines in the northern region.
Application of Pure Water Process in Chemical Industry
Authors: Jian Wu , Lei Wang , Yuan Zhuang
Published: July 2020

Abstract The effluent quality of fine chemical pure water equipment is related to people’s production and life. Fine chemical has very high requirements. Water for chemical industry refers to chemical reagents, fertilizers and fine chemicals, cosmetics, electric locks, battery manufacturing processes, pure water, textile printing and dyeing processes. These all need softened water and desalinated pure water. This paper reviews the use of pure water technology in the chemical industry, and analyzes the advantages of these processes.
Simulation of Coal Water Slurry Gasification based on Aspen Plus
Authors: Xie Ya’nan , Fu LI
Published: July 2020

Based on the description of the gasification process, the suitable thermodynamic model and the components involved in the simulation are selected, and the Aspen Plus is used to analyze the water-coal slurry gasifier. The simulation results are compared with the design data, and the influence of different parameters on the gasification of coal water slurry is studied, and the causes of different effects is analyzed.
An innovative model for coal seam gas release and flow and its application in simulation of water-jet slotting enhanced gas drainage
Authors: Qin Xuqian , Li Honglian , Tang Jiren , Qin Johnny
Published: July 2020

In order to better understand the mechanism of water jet slotting in enhancing gas drainage, based on the Langmuir equation, we constructed an innovative model to simulate the gas release and flow law. The simulation results show that the pressure in the coal seam of the slotting case reduces faster than that without slotting. At 21 day, the gas flowrate from the slotting case is 52% larger than that of without slotting. The gas desorbed from the coal seam not only flows to the borehole but also flows to the rock strata. The decompression and venting area starts near the borehole and gradually extends to the whole area.
Application of Self-made Rapid Membrane Testing Machine in Detection of Pure Water Permeability of Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Guo Linyuan , Rong Yan , Feng Shichun , Peng Yunyan , Jin Dong
Published: July 2020

Ultrafiltration membrane detection plays an important role in many industries due to its superior performance. But Chinese testing film industry development is more chaotic, testing indicators are not uniform. We designed a rapid membrane detection machine to detect the key properties of nanofiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane, such as water flux, desalination rate. This paper proposed a rapid detection of the water transmittance of ultrafiltration membrane under different pressure. It is found that the rapid membrane detection integrated machine can quickly detect the membrane related indexes, especially the key performance indexes such as desalination rate and water transmittance, and the detection efficiency can be more than doubled.
Economic Analysis of the Combined Heating System of Solar Collector and Gas Boiler
Authors: Zhou Hengchao , Li Guangpeng
Published: July 2020

The combined heating system of solar energy and gas-fired boiler is designed, the mathematical model of comprehensive heating cost is established, the suitable solar collector area is determined, three typical operating conditions of complex heating system are analyzed, and the consumption of various heating fuels is discussed. The results show that the efficiency of condensing boiler is more than 15% higher than that of non-condensing boiler.The combination of solar heating and gas-fired boiler has the most energy-saving heating effect, which can save more than 50% fuel compared with the boiler running alone.
Theoretical study on Reaction Mechanism of methylene amidogen H2CN with OH radical
Authors: Pang Jing-Lin , Wang Yue-Mei , Zhang Xian-Ming , Hua Yu-Peng , Wu Zhen , Ding Yi-Hong
Published: July 2020

We performed the theoretical potential energy surface investigation on the mechanism of H2CN + OH at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2df, p), G3B3, CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ single-point levels using the B3LYP/6-31++G(d, p), BH&HLYP/6-31++G(d, p), and QCISD/6-311++G(d, p) optimized geometrie. We found that two reaction channels were feasible: 1) the quasi hydrogen abstraction of H2CN by OH to form product HCN + H2O via NC(H)H…OH, and 2) the addition elimination to form HCN + H2O.
Research on water footprint of main crops production in Baoding, China
Authors: Deng Shen , Mou Siyu , Liu Huifang
Published: July 2020

Based on the monthly meteorological data and basic agricultural data of Baoding Meteorological Station, this paper uses the Penman formula combined with CROPWAT software, and the gray water footprint calculation manual to calculate and analyze the production water consumption coefficient and production water of the main crops in Baoding in 2018. The results show that the water consumption coefficients of the main crops in Baoding city are cotton, peanut, rice, wheat, soybean, corn and vegetables. The water requirement of wheat in the whole growth period is mainly blue water, and the corn water requirement is mainly green water; the gray water footprint of all crops is greater than the blue water footprint. In 2018, the total production water footprint of major crops in Baoding was 65.31×108m³, of which the blue water footprint was 18.93×108m³, the green water footprint was 13.06×108m³, and the gray water footprint was 33.31×108m³. The sum of the blue water and gray water footprints is much larger than Baoding’s average available water resources, and the regional water shortage is serious. Therefore, Baoding should further optimize the agricultural planting structure in order to protect the water resources and environment, and at the same time promote the reduction of pesticides and fertilizers to increase efficiency.
Review of route choice based on prospect theory
Authors: Lang Guoling
Published: July 2020

In the face of the traffic system with uncertainty, people often take on the characteristics of the bounded rationality, there is a certain degree of uncertainty, the application of prospect theory has some applicability to the modeling of route choice decision behavior. This paper reviews the development course of prospect theory, then expounds the formula principle of prospect theory and the improved cumulative prospect theory, introduces the research status at home and abroad and makes a certain comb and summary.
Effect of Equivalent Ratio Variation on a Two-Stage Distributed Combustion
Authors: Komonhirun Seekharin , Yongyingsakthavon Pisit , Tanchatchawan Songrit , Nonthakeaw Udomkiat
Published: July 2020

Distributed combustion is a recent technology that has a feasibility to apply on the industrial scale. It provides relatively low combustion temperature with rather uniform distribution and very low emission (NOx). The two-stage distributed combustion system is established to reduce the complexity of operating in the industrial application. The operation range of this combustion system is governed by the equivalent ratio of the first and second-stages of combustion. This research is attempted to study the effects of equivalent ratio and to identify the operation range of the combustion system. There are two stages in this experiment: 1. To set up using a diesel combustor (first-stage) 2. To use an LPG distributed combustor (second-stage). Part of the aim of this project is to improve the efficiency of the single-stage diesel combustor. The air to fuel ratio of the first-stage combustor is controlled to provide the 5% excess oxygen for the second-stage combustor. The equivalent ratio of the second-stage is varied as 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7 and 0.6. The results have shown that stoichiometric distributed combustion yields the highest outlet temperature and first and second law efficiency. The temperature is decreased when reducing the equivalent ratio. Finally, this research also provides the formula that can be used to determine the appropriate operating range in the term of A/F for the two-stage distributed combustion system conveniently applied to the single-stage available in the industrial.
The Potential Study of Coffee, Acacia Wood and Corn Cob Residues to produce Biomass Pellets Fuel
Authors: Kasantiukl Benya
Published: July 2020

The objective of this research is to study the technical and economic feasibility of biomass pellet production from coffee, corncob and acacia wood residues for using as alternative energy. The biomass pellet in this research was produced by mixing three residues with the amount of tapioca starch not more than 20% by mass. The fuel properties of pellet were analyzed according to PFI and ASTM standards. The test results showed that the heating value of the pellet from coffee, acacia wood and corncob residues are 23.56, 20.43 and 19.46 MJ/kg, respectively. The moisture, ash, and durability index are 0.15-0.43, 0.954-0.957, and 95.37-98.52 %, respectively which are according to the standard. The bulk density is 221.04-277.93 kg/m3. The economic feasibility of pellet production was analyzed using Net Present Value (NPV), Reduction Rate (RR) and payback period (PB). The analysis results show that the production of biomass pellets from the residues of coffee, acacia wood and corncobs are economically feasible with RR = 27.56, 17.88, 14.61%, NPV=186,837 ฿, 91,684 ฿, 62,119 ฿, and payback period = 4 years and 7 months, 5 years and 4 months, 6 years and 8 months, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis results show that the most influential risk factors of the pellet production are fuel price and the quantity of fuel produced daily, followed by labor wages, production days a year, and price of machines.
Influence of Soot Contamination in API CI-4 Engine Oil on Four-Ball Metallic Wear Using Electron Microscopy Image Analysis
Authors: Oungpakornkaew Pitchaporn , Rungsritanapaisan Panyakorn , Karin Preechar , Tongsri Ruangdaj , Tanprayoon Dhritti , Hanamura Katsunori
Published: July 2020

Engine lubricant has an important role in decreasing friction and the wearing of moving parts in the engine. However, soot contaminated in engine oil could change chemical and physical properties that affect the lubricant oil operation. Soot particles were simulated using carbon black in order to eliminate the effect of metallic ash and unburned hydrocarbon, which contained in particulate matter. The carbon black was blended in CI-4 lubricating oil. The investigation of metallic wear was associated with the use of a four-ball wear test. The amount of wear was compared by measuring the wear scar diameter of the worn surface on the steel balls. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for characterizing wear scar and surface roughness, respectively. In addition, the evidence of lubricant additive elements was detected on the wear surface by Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). This research found that engine oil with soot contamination could lead to increasing amounts of abrasive wear by 83% and has approximately 1.1% larger wear scar diameter.
Biodiesel Fuel (BDF) Synthesis by using Ion Exchange Resin Based on Ultrasonic Irradiation and Its Application
Authors: Zhu Ning , Kuo Mingchi , Hsin Han Chung
Published: July 2020

Ultrasound irradiation with NaOH proved an important method in catalyst to synthesize BDF. However, the synthesis of BDF remains a major challenge since a large quantity of water is needed to wash the BDF after it is produced. It is now well established from a variety of studies, that solid catalysis does not need a large quantity of water to wash the BDF after its production. The concept of zeolites is used as solid catalysts to synthesize BDF and BDF and its ratio yields up to 62%. This study uses ion exchange resin (henceforth, IER) as the catalysts for BDF production. Firstly, this research examines the emerging role of IER in the increase of its basic characteristics. Secondly, the prepared IER is characterized using SEM and X-ray diffractometer. Thirdly, the BDF synthesis experiment is carried out using the prepared IER based on ultrasonic irradiation. Finally, diesel engine performance test is carried out to investigate the thermal efficiency and exhaust gas concentration. The current study found that BDF yield ratio reached 44.4% when IER was prepared under the condition of 6mol NaOH preparation.
Acoustic Power Prediction of High BPR Turbofan Engine with Chevron Nozzle during Take-off and Landing
Authors: Ujjin Rapee , Ngaongam Choosak , Phoomee Chatmongkol , Kanabkaew Jirantanin
Published: July 2020

Aircraft noise is a major cause of noise pollution around the vicinity of an airport. Jet noise from engines is a common condition, which has considerable impact on overall sound levels. Adding chevron pattern at the fan nozzle is one of the noise reduction enhancements found in current turbofan engine design features. This paper aims to study the power level of sound created in jet shear from the combination of ambient stream, fan and exhaust gas. Computational fluid dynamic modelling of a high bypass turbofan engine with a round shape and chevron nozzle were carried out during takeoff and landing conditions. It was found that during take-off, the acoustic power level of the engine without a chevron nozzle was 105.95 dB, while the chevron nozzle was capable of reducing the sound level to 43.57 dB. During landing, the sound level of the round shape and chevron nozzle model were 145.77 dB and 47.51 dB, respectively. The turbulent intensity area at the fan cowling nozzle, where the ambient air stream and bypassed air from the fan mixed together, produced the highest sound power level. Therefore, slower aircraft speed during final approach produced a higher noise level than during take-off due to higher turbulent intensity and larger jet shear area around the high bypass fan cowling nozzle. The chevron pattern nozzle was capable of reducing turbulent intensity, which in turn reduced the acoustic power level.
Determination of Dynamic Loads from the Road Surface Acting on the Chassis by Experimental Methods
Authors: Van Luong Van , Quang Nguyen Thanh , Quan Le Hong , Anh Le Van , Hoa Tran Phuc , Nguyen Xa Hoi , Tran Van Tuong
Published: July 2020

Chassis is the main structural component of an automobile, which is subjected to the full weight load being suspended. In the process of moving, the vehicle can both move and cut the tree while moving and sweeping the garbage as well as moving water. During the operation,the chassis is subject to dynamic loads depending on the driver and road conditions. The variation of dynamic loads causes fatigue failure to reduce the life of the chassis. Therefore,the determination of dynamic loads as input for chassis durability problem is necessary. This paper presents the research results on the determination of dynamic loads from the road surface acting on the chassis of multipurpose forest fire fighting vehicles by experimental methods. Experiments are performed when vehicles are moving on forest roads, under the actual working conditions of the vehicle.
The Effect of Road Surface Roughness to Recommended Speed of Vehicles
Authors: Nguyen XaHoi , Nguyen ThanhQuang , Hoa Tran Phuc
Published: July 2020

Road safety is one of the major concerns of the transportation system planners and managers in any nation. The principle goal of road safety is to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic accidents. The design and manufacturing of high-quality road directly play an important role in achieving better road safety. This research presents the model describing the relationship between road surface roughness with the vehicle’s recommended safe velocity. The result shows that the road surface roughness measured by the International Roughness Index (henceforth IRI) is indirectly proportional to the vehicle’s recommended safe velocity. In particular, if the recommended safe velocity is 100 km/h, the surface roughness IRI should not exceed 1.9 m/km. An implication of this is the possibility that using the simulation on MATLAB Simulink software should have the appropriate IRI concerning the designed speed.