bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Inequality of Education the Main Factor That Causes the Gender Inequality in Different Industries?
Authors: Wei Zetian , Zhu Jiahao
Published: April 2024

Gender inequality remains a significant issue globally, affecting various aspects of individuals' lives. Despite improvements in educational opportunities for women, gender disparities persist, particularly in the workplace. This study aims to investigate the role of education in contributing to gender inequality in different industries. Data was collected from the United States Census Bureau, including information on education levels, occupational distribution, and gender ratios. Statistical analysis methods, such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), were employed to examine the relationship between education and gender inequality. The findings show that while educational attainment has improved for both genders, gender disparities still exist in occupational distribution. Most females remain concentrated in certain industries, such as education, while males dominate fields like management and STEM occupations. These findings highlight the need to address gender inequality beyond educational factors and consider societal and cultural influences. By understanding the complexities of gender inequality, policymakers, and stakeholders can work towards promoting gender equity and equal opportunities for all.
Foreign Aid and the Poverty Trap: Increasing Aid Effectiveness by Limiting
Authors: Feng Yuchen , Meng Luying , Lv Yatong
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the practical effectiveness of foreign aid in eradicating poverty in recipient countries. In recent years, poverty traps have become a more common problem in poor countries. The population of many developing countries is in multidimensional poverty, not only facing poor living conditions, but from a macro perspective, countries are difficult to get out of the cycle of poverty due to lack of capital, technology and reasonable institutions. Foreign aid, on the other hand, mainly provides support and help to poor countries in response to these problems, which are also the main aspects of its effectiveness analyzed in this paper. Based on the existing empirical results and theoretical analysis of foreign aid, this paper holds that the effectiveness of foreign aid will change due to the different objective conditions of recipient countries. In general, while it is obvious that foreign aid can promote economic development and infrastructure construction in poor countries, the effectiveness of foreign aid is weakened to some extent due to corruption and unreasonable distribution system in some recipient countries. Therefore, foreign aid should be targeted limited according to the existing problems of recipient countries to improve its effectiveness.
Whether and How Handedness Affects Individuals Cognitive Performance? A Literature Review
Authors: Li Ziduan , Xu Sophia , Lian Chaomin , Yang Zixian , He Shuhang , Rao Zhicheng
Published: April 2024

This literature review article aimed to compile research published in recent years regarding the relationship between bodily habits, specifically handedness, and cognitive performance in memory, attention, and information processing. The article contains three chapters, discussing each aspect separately with a collection of studies and evaluations. The article is able to combine results from studies and form a model graph specialized for studies summaries. Through the synthesis of investigations, handedness seemed to have some relationship with cognition. To be more precise, ICH individuals (those people with mixed hands) have the capacity to create a connection between brain hemispheres, which enhances their performance in memory tests and allows them to better integrate divergent information. In addition, people tend to focus more on their dominant hands; this can affect a persons attention to things happening around them. Lastly, right-handed people performed better in generic cognition tests, and cross-activation of brain lateralization has been demonstrated.
Transliteration of Arabic Words/Phrase into English: An Exploration of Ambiguity Markers
Authors: Alharbi Majed Abdullah , Shariq Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Transliteration is a useful process when communication involves a language pair out of which each follows a different script, such as Arabic and English. One danger posed by this process is the ambiguity between the source and target of the communication. This study analyzes the intricate process of Arabic to English transliteration and the factor that make it ambiguous. The study aims to identify, categorize, and analyze the ambiguity markers that frequently arise during the transliteration of Arabic script into the Latin alphabet. The study interviewed 6 specialist translators in the Saudi context to identify the source of difficulties they encounter and which may bring ambiguities to the readers at various language levels. Results indicated that non-standardization in translation from Arabic to English was a cause of ambiguity in transliteration. Finally, regional dialects could not be adjusted in the transliteration spectrum in Google Translate. This research contributes to the field of transliteration studies by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing ambiguity in the transliteration process.
Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotic producing Lysobacter
Authors: Cheema Nimra , Qureshi Asma Waheed
Published: April 2024

Lysobacter species, known for their cosmopolitan distribution across diverse habitats, are promising sources of antibiotics and bioactive compounds. They showcase lytic activity against a wide range of microorganisms including human pathogens. Objective: To isolate and characterize the antibiotic producing Lysobacter bacteria. Methods: A total of 51 rhizosphere soil samples were collected from district Sialkot. The duration of this study was 7 months from April to October 2022. Out of these samples 18 antibiotics producing Lysobacter bacteria were isolated. These isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically by standard methods.  Antibiotic activity of Lysobacter was evaluated against gram negative and positive pathogenic bacteria. Four pathogens i.e., E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi and P. vulgaris were used in this study to evaluate antibiotic activity of Lysobacter. Results: The most sensitive pathogen towards antibiotics produced by Lysobacter isolates was E. coli while the P. vulgaris showed some resistance. All antibiotics producing Lysobacter isolates were gram negative and rod shaped. The colonies of isolates were circular, mucoid and color ranges from cream white to pale yellow. All strains were catalase and oxidase positive except S14 that was oxidase negative. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that the antibiotics producing Lysobacter isolate are effective inhibitors for both gram negative and gram positive human pathogens.
Leadership Transformation: Adaptation of a Labor Service Provider Company in the Development of Green Human Resource Management (Study at PT Karya Usaha Baru Sidoarjo-East Java)
Authors: Basuni Basuni , Haryawan Beny
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to understand the dynamics of leadership transformation in the development of Green HR at PT Karya Usaha Baru, as well as the strategies used to face and manage these changes. The informants in this research are the General Manager, HRD, Operational Staff, Field Coordinators and workers. The research method used a qualitative case study approach, data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and observations. This research data analysis uses interactive data analysis. The results showed that the leadership plays an important role in the transformation process of GHRM implementation, especially related to strategy formulation. It was also found that the implementation of GHRM Pt Karya Usaha Baru has not been maximized. However, the company has implemented green employee behavior in aspects of recruitment and selection, employee training and development, compensation and benefits, organizational culture, and performance management. Some of the benefits obtained in the implementation of Green HRM are a healthier work environment, building better relationships with partners and getting a positive response by the general public as well as increasing the performance and productivity of the company.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATION OF PROVERBS
Authors: BAYRAMOVA Ulviya
Published: April 2024

Summary It is customary to call proverbs and sayings short stable folk sayings that summarize the sociohistorical experience of the people and are included in colloquial speech. Proverbs and sayings are judgments that contain a complete thought. They arise from observations, from what has already been tested and confirmed by life. Proverbs and sayings serve not only to decorate speech, but also to express a number of judgments and ideas that are either inconvenient or difficult to express in another way. СProverbs are used to denote typical life situations that can be described in ordinary words - an extremely thankless task, and not easy at all. Moreover, many folk sayings are so familiar to native speakers of a given language that they sometimes use them in an incomplete, i.e. truncated form or simply allude to them.
Spirituality and Personhood:
Authors: Samdao Francis Jr. S.
Published: April 2024

This essay places James K. A. Smith’s homo liturgicus (liturgical human) in conversation with the Filipino concept of pagkatao (personhood). For Smith, humans are desiring creatures, and they are formed through practices, daily routines, cultural texts, and the liturgical sites where they spend their time. Smith’s proposals within his homo liturgicus are not alien to the Filipino worldview. Filipinos see a person holistically and view reality as dynamic, which manifests in the pagkataong Pilipino (Filipino personhood), particularly the loob (the core of personhood) and kapwa (the shared self). Furthermore, the formation of a human being is not only through the ideas that enter the mind but also via cultural texts (songs, comics, movies, drama, proverbs, stories, and others). I argue that homo liturgicus and pagkatao reject Cartesian thought, specifically the naturalistic view of reality, the overemphasis on cognition, and extreme individualism. I then propose a Filipino Christian spirituality that is post-cognitive, post-individual, and post-dualist.
Forging a Third Space for Spirituality and Social Justice
Authors: Zorinthara Billy J.
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the dynamics of Mizo Christian revival spirituality in North East India during British colonialization, examining its interactions with primal religious consciousness and its impact on social justice. It challenges the perception that Mizo revival spirituality is disembodied and otherworldly, emphasizing its deep-rooted connection to socio-cultural aspects. By considering its relationship with primal religion, the paper reveals the social implications of Mizo revival spirituality. It explores how the yearning for heaven within the revival movement relates to socio-economic liberation in present life, particularly in the context of Mizo primal eschatology. Additionally, it investigates the influence of revival spirituality on the liberation of slaves (bawi) and famine relief efforts. Furthermore, it highlights how the revival spirituality itself operated as a liberating force, freeing the Mizo community from the constraints of Western Christian cultural hegemony. This paper underscores the significance of Mizo revival spirituality in creating a third space that integrates elements of Christianity and primal religion, contributing to a transformative paradigm for social change in North East India.
Journey to the Light:
Authors: Nyunt Moe Moe
Published: April 2024

This article is a comparative study of two orthodox religious practices: the Orthodox Buddhist practice of vipassana meditation and the Orthodox Christian practice of hesychastic prayer. The article acknowledges that both religions share the common idea of meditation/contemplation as an inner journey toward enlightenment. On the one hand, the Buddhist yogi is enlightened by observing the constantly changing nature of one’s mind-body relationship and hopes for being reborn as a deva or Brahma (god/celestial being). The Christian hesychast, on the other hand, is awakened by the Spirit of God in the deification (sharing divine likeness) process through contemplative prayer. The hesychast is enlightened by unifying his or her mind-heart with the trinitarian God. Both practices help to transform the practitioners to shine in this world. However, the deified hesychast lives in light of eternity.
Exploring Indigenous Spirituality
Authors: Berinai Judy
Published: April 2024

The indigenous peoples in Sabah, Malaysia, who comprise diverse ethnic communities such as the Kadazandusun, Murut, Rungus, Lundayeh, and Bajau are identified as bumiputera (Sanskrit: bhumiputra), which means “sons of the land” or “sons of the soil.” There are many traditional stories about the belief systems of the indigenous peoples of Sabah which are not documented but only transmitted through oral tradition. These stories are quite similar and yet distinct from one another depending on each particular ethnic group. This article discusses the religious and cultural background of the indigenous peoples of Sabah, specifically the Eastern Kadazandusun, in an attempt to explore their spirituality.
Politics of Spirituality
Authors: Chong Siaw Fung , Chong Chuin Min
Published: April 2024

Interethnic communion is very much desired in the multiethnic and multireligious society of Malaysia. However, minority ethnic and religious groups experience the political climate dominated by the majority race and religion of the country as threatening. Interethnic relationships are often disturbed by tension due to the sense of insecurity among different ethnic and religious groups, which gives rise to fear and distrust. The frequent use of the politics of emotion to provoke the majority group is definitely not helpful in promoting interethnic communion. In this article, we analyze the Malaysian situation and propose a model of public theology for Malaysian Christians to engage the multiethnic society they are living in with a politics of spirituality in the everyday life of the Malaysian setting.
Контактная задача для плоскости с периодической системой трещина-включение с учетом сил трения под включением
Authors: Акопян Л. В. , Даштоян Л. Л.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the plane stress state of a homogeneous elastic space, weakened by a periodic system of finite tunnel cracks. It is assumed there are also resting shear stresses under the punches, apart from the normal stresses. The shear stresses are directly proportional to the normal contact pressure with a proportionality coefficient that depends on the coordinates of the points of the contacting surfaces. Based on discontinuous solutions for the equations of the theory of elasticity for a plane with a periodic system of cracks, a governing system of equations for the problem is obtained in the form of a system of singular integral equations. The solution of system is constructed by the numerical-analytical method of mechanical quadratures. Numerical calculations were carried out and patterns of changes in important physical and mechanical characteristics were studied depending on the physical, mechanical and geometric parameters of the problem.
Դիտարկվել է համասեռ վերջավոր թունելային ճաքերի համակարգով թուլացված առաձգական տարածության հարթ դեֆորմացիոն վիճակը, երբ նրանց ափերից մեկին սեղմվում են հարթ հիմքով կոշտ դրոշմներ։ Ենթադրվում է, որ դրոշմների տակ, բացի նորմալ լարումներից առաջանում են նաև հանգստի շոշափող լարումներ, որոնք կոնտակտի մեջ գտնվող մակերևույթների հպվող կետերի կոորդինատներից կախված գործակցով ուղիղ համեմատական են նորմալ կոնտակտային ճնշմանը։ Ճաքերի պարբերական համակարգ պարունակող հարթության համար առաձգականության տեսության խզվող լուծումների հիման վրա ստացվել է խնդրի որոշիչ հավասարումների համակարգ սինգուլյար ինտեգրալ հավասարումների համակարգի տեսքով, որի լուծումը կառուցվել է մեխանիկական քառակուսացման թվային-վերլուծական մեթոդով։ Կատարվել են թվային հաշվարկներ և ուսումնասիրվել են կարևոր ֆիզիկամեխանիկական բնութագրիչների փոփոխման օրինաչափությունները` կախված խնդրի ֆիզիկամեխանիկական և երկրաչափական պարամետրերից։
Рассмотрено плоско-деформированное состояние однородного упругого пространства, расслабленного периодической системой конечных тоннельных трещин на один из берегов которых вдавливаются абсолютно жёсткие штампы с плоским основанием. Полагается, что под штампами, кроме нормальных напряжений, возникают также касательные напряжения покоя, которые прямо пропорциональны нормальному контактному давлению с коэффициентом пропорциональности, зависящей от координат соприкасающихся точек контактирующих поверхностей. На основе разрывных решений уравнений теории упругости для плоскости с периодической системой трещин получена определяющая система уравнений задачи в виде системы сингулярных интегральных уравнений, решение которой построено численноаналитическим методом механических квадратур. Проведены численные расчеты и изучены закономерности изменения важных физико-механических характеристик в зависимости от физико- механических и геометрических параметров задачи.
Иной подход к задаче контактного взаимодействия штампа с упругой полуплоскостью при наличии трения между ними
Authors: Саакян А. В.
Published: April 2024

A new model is proposed for contacting a stamp with a flat base with an elastic half-plane in the presence of friction between them. As in the model proposed by L.A. Galin for such a problem, it is assumed that in the central part of the contact zone there is adhesion of the points of the half-plane with the base of the stamp, which is caused by the presence of friction between the stamp and the half-plane, and sliding occurs at the edges of the contact zone. The proposed model differs from the model of L.A. Galin in that the distribution of friction forces in the sliding zone is considered uniform, and not according to the law of dry friction. A system of governing equations has been constructed, and the features of the behavior of the sought functions at the point of separation of the adhesion and sliding zones, as well as at the end point of the contact zone, have been found. The problem was solved by the method of mechanical quadratures. Numerical analysis was carried out.
Առաջարկվում է հարթ հիմքով դրոշմի և առաձգական կիսահարթության կոնտակտոյին փոխազդեցության նոր մոդել, երբ նրանց միջև առկա է շփում։ Ինչպես և Լ.Ա.Գալինի կողմից առաջարկված մոդելում, ենթադրվում է, որ կոնտակտային գոտու կենտրոնական մասում տեղի ունի կիսահարթության կետերի հարակցում դրոշմի հիմքի հետ, ինչը պայմանավորված է դրոշմի և կիսահարթության միջև շփման առկայությամբ, իսկ կոնտակտի տիրույթի եզրերում տեղի ունի սահք: Առաջարկվող մոդելը տարբերվում է Լ.Ա.Գալինի մոդելից նրանով, որ շփման ուժերի բաշխումը սահքի գոտում համարվում է հավասարաչափ, այլ ոչ թե չոր շփման օրենքի համաձայն։ Կառուցվել է որոշիչ հավասարումների համակարգը, և պարզվել են փնտրվող ֆունկցիաների վարքի առանձնահատկությունները հարակցման և սահքի գոտիների բաժանման կետում, ինչպես նաև կոնտակտի տիրույթի ծայրակետում։ Խնդիրը լուծվել է քառակուսացման բանաձևերի մեթոդով։ Կատարվել է թվային վերլուծություն։ Предлагается новая модель контактирования штампа с плоским основанием с упругой полуплоскостью при наличии трения между ними. Как и в модели, предложенной Л.А.Галиным для такой задачи, предполагается, что в центральной части зоны контакта имеет место сцепление точек полуплоскости с основанием штампа, которое обусловлено наличием трения между штампом и полуплоскостью, а на краях зоны контакта происходит скольжение. Предлагаемая модель отличается от модели Л.А.Галина тем, что распределение сил трения в зоне скольжения считается равномерным, а не по закону сухого трения. Построена система определяющих уравнений, найдены особенности поведения искомых функций в точке раздела зон сцепления и скольжения, а также в концевой точке зоны контакта. Задача решена методом механических квадратур. Проведен численный анализ.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: A biofertilization alternative for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Moreno Reséndez Alejandro , García Mendoza Verónica , Reyes Carrillo José Luis , Vásquez Arroyo Jesús , Cano Ríos Pedro
Published: April 2024

Modern agriculture faces new challenges in integrating ecological and molecular approaches to achieve higher crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. In order to generate higher yields, synthetic fertilizer doses per unit area have been significantly increased, which can cause pollution, damage to health, and loss of soil fertility, becoming one of the most important concerns in agricultural production. To improve production without the use of synthetic fertilizers, research has been directed towards the development of new biotechnologies, leading to a growing interest in beneficial soil microorganisms that can promote plant growth and, in some cases, prevent infections of plant tissue by pathogens. The interactions of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with the biotic environment of plants and microorganisms are very complex and use different mechanisms of action to promote plant growth. These mechanisms are grouped into: 1) biofertilization; 2) phytostimulation; and 3) biocontrol. Inoculation of crops with PGRP substantially reduces the use of synthetic fertilizers and negative impacts on the soil, increases crop yields, and contributes to the producer’s economy and the population’s food supply. This review describes the basic aspects inherent to the interaction between CVPGRs and plant species, focusing on the benefits that CVPGRs bring to agricultural activity.
Biostimulants: An innovation in agriculture for the cultivation of coffee (Coffea arabica L)
Authors: Yhony Valverde-Lucio , Josselyn Moreno-Quinto , Karen Quijije-Quiroz , Alfredo Castro-Landín , Williams Merchán-García , Julio Gabriel-Ortega
Published: April 2024

The research was conducted in Jipijapa, in the town of Andil. The objective was to evaluate the physiological and morphological behavior of arabica coffee in the nursery stage with the application of biostimulants: starlite, humega, micorriza, and evergreen, compared to urea. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, using a factorial arrangement of repetitions in time for the morphological variables, and Tukey’s test was applied based on the statistical differences found. The results obtained at the physiological level established a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the variables dry matter, moisture, and nitrogen (N), with starlite and evergreen biostimulants being the best in DM and humega and evergreen in N content. There was a better response to chlorophyll (Cl) assimilation by all biostimulants, surpassing urea in general, with micorriza and starlite being the best, establishing a high positive correlation between N and chlorophyll. In terms of morphological development, Urea showed a better response, and at the biostimulant level, humega and micorriza showed better results, all between 90 and 120 days.
Developing a toolkit for teaching sensitive topics at a distance learning university
Authors: Morrison David T. , Robinson Stephen
Published: April 2024

A growing proportion of UK university students are affected by poor mental health, which is associated with lower grades and completion rates (Thorley, 2017). This is a particular concern for educators in distance learning environments, where mental health issues are disclosed at a
higher rate (Lister, Seale and Douce, 2023), and for those teaching sensitive topics which have the capacity to evoke an emotional response (Kim et al., 2020). This article reviews the development of an innovative project to address these concerns at The Open University, a large
distance learning provider in the UK. The project began in 2019 as a workshop for psychology and counselling tutors before evolving into a scholarship project which produced a toolkit for teaching sensitive topics. Since its launch in May 2020, the toolkit has been accessed by over 1100 staff
members at the university. The article includes an outline of the toolkit's contents, critically reviews its development, and presents feedback from users. The article concludes with plans for the expansion of the toolkit into a large-scale, publicly available resource for educators
at other further and higher education institutions.
Article: View on Regulations Concerning Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) Service in Civil Aviation
Authors: Petrović Goran
Published: April 2024

This article presents the overall regulatory environment related to the provision of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) services in civil aviation. Through the evolution of international standards established by the Chicago Convention and through the development of CNS services, insight was given into the importance ofCNSservices in ensuring safe and efficient air traffic.The functions of the CNS system are presented and explained, as well as the key contribution of international organizations such as ICAO and International Telecommination Union (ITU) in the development of these services.

Through research on the complexity of CNS services, the evolution in the past decades, the text explains the legal aspects related to civil aviation, but also international telecommunications and space activities that are related to civil aviation. The legal framework that regulates space activities, that is, the use of satellites in air traffic management, is especially covered. airspace (CNS/ATM). ICAO initiatives are additionally addressed, particularly the integration of satellite technology through Future Air Navigation Systems (FANS) and the legal significance of resolutions such as A32-19 on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) services from the 1998 Rio Conference.

The narrative further examines the implementation of CNS/ATM concepts, legal considerations in air-ground communications, harmonization efforts, and the consolidation of resolutions for effective global implementation. The text concludes by highlighting ICAO’s ongoing commitment to align technological advancements with legal frameworks, promoting the seamless utilization of CNS/ATM systems worldwide. The significance of regional and national regulations, with a focus on European CNS regulations, is underscored for enhancing air traffic safety and fostering the development of CNS services.

CNS Services, Chicago Convention, ICAO international standards, Annex 10, ICAO resolutions, CNS/ATM, ITU, FANS, GNSS, regional and national regulations
Article: The Application of an Emission Trade Scheme in the Indian Aviation Sector
Authors: Sen Nilanjan , Ahuja Sumeir , Dutta Shubhamay , Chaudhary Kunal
Published: April 2024

This article ponders over the applicability of EU-ETS influenced schemes in the Indian Aviation Sector. In the first three sections it discusses the various policies of the Indian government for ensuring sustainable development. While mentioning these schemes, the authors underscore that these policies are not sufficient to keep a check on the emissions from the rapidly growing aviation sector and there is a need for a policy on the lines of EU’s ‘trade and cap’ principle to ensure sustainable development of the sector. A ‘trade and cap’ policy can ensure active participation of government and private entities in the sector, whereas such a policy can increase investment in sustainability and reduction of emissions. In the following sections, the authors, while dissecting the policy governing the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), highlight pros and cons of the system and how it can be applied in the Indian aviation sector. The paper also dwells into the trade and cap policies already implemented by India, such as in the chemical industry. Finally, measures will be suggested which should be included in a trade and cap policy for the Indian aviation sector in order to achieve a significant and holistic growth of the sector while keeping environmental goals in mind. Also, airlines should be incentivized to invest in sustainable techniques and contribute substantially to the reduction cumulative sectoral emissions.

India, Aviation, Sustainability, Trade and Cap, CORSIA, EU-ETS
Article: Competition on the Merits
Authors: Colomo Pablo Ibáñez
Published: April 2024

This article examines the meaning and contemporary relevance of the notion of competition on the merits in Article 102 TFEU case law. It also considers whether a finding of abuse presupposes that a practice is “abnormal” or amounts to a “wrongful act”. The analysis identifies friction between the old and the most recent case law. This friction was exposed in Servizio Elettrico Nazionale. Seminal rulings such as Hoffmann-La Roche, where the notion of competition on the merits was introduced, are grounded on the assumption that it is possible to distinguish, ex ante and in the abstract, between lawful and unlawful conduct. The case law that followed moved away from these ideas and clarified that whether or not a practice amounts to an abuse is typically a context-dependent inquiry.Against this background, the article provides a structure that reconciles the old and the newstrands of case law and shows that there is a place for competition on the merits within Article 102TFEU.

Competition on the merits, Article 102 TFEU, unlawful conduct, abuse of dominant position
Article: Legal Certainty in Tax and Customs Judgments of the Court of Justice
Authors: Lasiński-Sulecki Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

Legal certainty is one of the general principles of European Union law. It is common to the Member States’ constitutional orders. It is of utmost importance in the spheres of tax and customs law where the application of legal rules entails financial consequences. The understanding and significance of this principle have been developed since the early case-law of the Court of Justice. Delineating its precise scope of application reveals certain inconsistencies that are worthy of analysis.

general principles, legal certainty, legitimate expectations, directive, linguistic interpretation, multilingualism, vacation legis, retroactivity, abuse of law, fraud
Regulating Industrial Emissions, Water Management or Aquatic Biodiversity? Navigating the Evolving European Legal Landscape on Waters
Authors: Paloniitty Tiina , Kaavi Susanna , Yuan Li
Published: April 2024

The EU Green Deal has direct and indirect impact on EU environmental law. We examine the future of EU regulatory activity on waters in this era from the viewpoint of industrial water pollution. We simultaneously explore the feasibility of Gunningham’s classic categorization of environmental law, regulation, and governance in the novel reality created by Green Deal and Nature Restoration Law (NRL). In the EU, the relations between the regulation (Water Framework Directive, WFD) and law (Industrial Emissions Directive) (IED) layers have been particularly tense. Although the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has attempted to clarify the situation, significant diversity remains at the Member States level, as our account from two Member States, Finland and Germany, illustrate. Though the EU has opted for and continues to embrace integrated and holistic water management integrated water resources management (IWRM), it would also be possible to adopt other regulatory strategies. An example of this, and of collaborative governance, is China, where the River Chief System (RCS) has moved on from IWRM. The EU’s chosen path seems, however, to lie elsewhere, as our function analysis of the proposed NRL shows. Through the NRL, the EU regulator declares to ‘fill the gaps’ of the WFD. This new reality of EU ‘aquatic biodiversity governance’ seems to create another layer in the traditional categorization of environmental law and governance, where all pre-existing EU environmental law is harnessed to combat (aquatic) biodiversity loss. Instead of managing waters, the NRL seeks to perfect the WFD but does not address its shortcomings, leaving room for concern.

Nature Restoration Law, Water Framework Directive, River Chief System, Industrial Emissions Directive, biodiversity, water law
Legal Framework of the Direct Line in the European Union Law
Authors: Kanas Justyna
Published: April 2024

This paper provides a legal analysis of the direct line in the legislation of the European Union. The direct line, serving as a legal instrument to implement offgrid solutions, plays a crucial role in amplifying competition within the energy market. Compared to other instruments introduced by the First Liberalization Package in 1992, the direct line is not a subject commonly brought about by legal literature. The core part of legal analyses is divided into two parts, which focus on different approaches of direct line, i.e., European Union and selected Member States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland). The motives of the Union in establishing the direct line instrument was to support opening the energy market to increase energy generating units. During the transposition of the direct line into national laws, analysed countries have directed the usage of this mechanism to promote renewable energy sources. The presented case studies create a rare pattern of how the Member States form their own interpretations and hence use the Union law in practice, which differs from the direction established in the Union forum. The research focused on legal dogmatic examining of regulations at both European and national levels, with a particular emphasis on the definition part while figuring a crucial role in shaping the direct line concept. The paper also presents other convoluted legal schemes, such as the permit issuance process for direct line construction. The conclusions assess the modifications in the European Union regime, but also their impact on electricity prices and green investments.

direct line, energy market, liberalization, energy transformation, energy security, energy law, European Union
Article: From Trading Security to Firm Resilience: The Case of Risk Prevention Through Supply Chain Cross-Border Accreditation in Taiwan
Authors: Chou Shu-Ching , Cheng Yu-Hsiu , Kuo Yen-Hui
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of firm resilience through participation in cross-border security certification. We examine three certificationrelated aspects, namely the motivations for participating, costs and benefits, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of interviews with firms from Taiwan revealed that certified firms build security-oriented networks and implement risk-control mechanisms that enhance international trading and reduce the shocks caused by COVID-19-related supply-chain disruptions. Investments in fixed assets or software are required to meet the validation criteria of this security certification. Our results support resilience theory and provide firms with a reference for risk prevention.

International trading, Supply Chain, Resilience, Certification, COVID-19, Taiwan
On the relationship between Maat’s concept and female status in ancient Egypt
Authors: He Xinbo
Published: April 2024

In ancient Egypt with a strong religious belief, Maat was recognized, followed, and respected by all ancient Egyptians for its unique figurative metaphor and multiple connotations. The goddess Maat not only mastered the order of the universe but also guided real society. She was one of the important objects of goddess worship in ancient Egypt. The belief in the goddess Maat, which has been popular for thousands of years, is an imprint of the female status in ancient Egypt. The Maat’s concepts of justice, harmony, and order have influenced the legal, family, and political status of women in ancient Egypt. Maat’s concepts run through the history of the rise and fall of ancient Egyptian civilization and are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, which are the spiritual source of the high status of ancient Egyptian women.
Reform and Practice of the New Participatory Classroom Teaching Mode of Electrical Technology Based on OBOPPPS-RC
Authors: Jing Yan , Chang Shuwang , Ma Xiujuan , Zhang Min
Published: April 2024

The quality and effect of education and teaching are directly affected by the class teaching mode. For the electrical technology course, a new participatory teaching mode based on Outcomes-based education-BOPPPS-Rain Classroom (OBOPPPS-RC) has been formed after four years of first-class undergraduate course construction. The OBOPPPS-RC teaching mode is guided by the OBE idea, participatory classroom teaching activities are designed based on BOPPPS teaching mode, the multi-functions of rain classroom platform are used in teaching activities. It can enhance the vitality of classroom teaching and students' participation in the learning process, guide students to study effectively and improve the quality and effect of classroom teaching. New teaching mode based on OBOPPPS-RC has been highly recognized by students and is worthy of further promotion.
Analysis of Huanxi Garden based on the textual research of ancient boos and literatures
Authors: Li Dandan , Li Li , Dai Xinqi , Su Zihan
Published: April 2024

The creation of gardens was based on the visual experience of Song Dynasty landscape painting. The literati painting provides realistic depictions of gardens from various perspectives. Although the original objects of Huanxi Garden are no longer extant, there are available historical documents and image materials that serve as references for the garden's restoration work. Due to the restricted number of researchers and limited data available, we extracted the garden elements and reconstructed the plan based on the garden views portrayed in Song paintings and Song Ci poems. This enabled us to replicate the overall spatial design of Huanxi Garden and restructure its layout.
A Study on The New Ideas of Higher Vocational Physical Education Teaching Reform from The Perspective of Multimedia
Authors: Jia Yuzhi
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the development of information technology is very rapid. It plays an increasingly important role in people's life and social production, and promotes the progress and development of society to a certain extent. Under the new situation, higher vocational colleges should actively try to use multimedia technology to carry out teaching work, to improve their teaching level and lay a solid foundation for the future development of students. However, it is worth noting that at this stage, some teachers in higher vocational physical education have less knowledge and understanding of multimedia technology, and can not give full play to the role of new media in the teaching process, which is not conducive to the improvement of physical education teaching level. This paper studies the application value and application direction of multimedia technology in Higher Vocational Physical Education, and combs the reform ideas of Higher Vocational Physical Education from the perspective of multimedia, to bring some help to the reform of physical education in higher vocational colleges.
Corpus-Based English Vocabulary Acquisition Research: A Case Study of University Students
Authors: Li Xuan , Liu Luyun
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of corpus-based methods on English vocabulary acquisition among university students. Utilizing a specialized corpus reflective of the university lexicon, the research employs pre- and post-test evaluations alongside qualitative feedback to assess the effectiveness of corpus engagement in vocabulary learning. The study's findings indicate that students exposed to corpus-based activities exhibit significant improvements in their command of university terminology. The enhanced performance is evident in their ability to recognize and use relevant vocabulary in context. Additionally, student feedback suggests a preference for corpus-based learning over traditional methods, highlighting its potential for more engaging and effective language education. This research underscores the value of integrating corpus analysis into teaching practices to meet the linguistic needs of university learners and enhance their professional communication skills.
Case Library Construction of Special and Functional Paper Course
Authors: Yu Dongmei , Wu Chaojun , Li Ronggang , Ji Xingxiang , Liu Yu
Published: April 2024

The construction of case library is the premise and foundation of case teaching, which is an interactive teaching mode different from traditional teaching. Case teaching places students in a specific background and guides students to analyze and solve problems with the knowledge they have learned. The training process through the analysis and discussion of specific case problems to find the final solution is like building a bridge between theory and practice, which has important practical significance for training composite talents and innovative professionals. The theme and number of cases should be able to focus on the main content of the course to achieve the full coverage of the course teaching to arrive knowledge goals, ability goals and quality goals. Case library is the carrier of case teaching, and case teaching can promote the updating and iteration of cases and make the case library developing dynamically, so as to make up for the deficiency of the content of teaching materials lagging behind the development of industry.
Teaching Design for College English Reading and Writing Course Based on Production-oriented Approach - Taking New Horizon College English as an Example
Authors: Yang Lin , Chong Siwei
Published: April 2024

POA has been developed over the past decade with the aim of improving English classroom instruction at the tertiary level in China. Unlike other instructional approaches for language learning, the POA starts teaching with language production and ends with production while input serves as an enabler to help accomplish productive activities. [1] This article begins by introducing the background of the "Production-oriented Approach" , followed by an overview of the theoretical framework of POA. Finally, it presents a teaching design for a college English reading and writing course based on POA, using Unit 1 of New Horizon College English Book 1 as an example.
The Connotation and Implementation Path of "Benevolence" in Education
Authors: Yang Zhende
Published: April 2024

Education is a cause of benevolence. Cultivating a heart of benevolence diligently is the essential duty of educators, enabling them to firmly stand on the three-foot podium, dedicate themselves to the field of education, and nurture the new generation of the era. This study analyzes the connotation of benevolence in education, and combines the actual cases of education and teaching to elaborate three specific paths of realizing benevolence in education.
Experimental Study on Monosyllabic Tones in the Dunhuang Hedong Dialect
Authors: Duan Yanhua , Li Yonghong , Ma Li , Meng Xianghe
Published: April 2024

This article uses experimental phonetics to study the tones of the Dunhuang Hedong dialect. It analyzes the tone types of the Dunhuang Hedong dialect and discusses the fundamental frequency changes and pitch range of each tone type. The experimental results show that the Dunhuang Hedong dialect has four tone types: the dark level tone (213), the light level tone (24), the rising tone (51), and the departing tone (44). The main purpose of this article is to provide an objective description of the actual situation of monosyllabic tones in the Dunhuang Hedong dialect through detailed and accurate data analysis. It summarizes the tone classes and values of monosyllabic tones and provides a certain reference value for future in-depth studies of the Dunhuang dialect.
Electronic Technology Teaching Practice Assisted by Information Technology--Taking Counter Design as an Example
Authors: Xing Dongqiu , Qi Lihua , Gao Xinwei , Cui Jingna
Published: April 2024

The concept of electronic technology courses is abstract and has strong applicability. In response to the problem of weak foundation and learning ability among vocational education students, which leads to poor learning effectiveness in electronic technology courses, information technology methods are introduced to assist in teaching implementation. Using specific cases as carriers, from unit circuit design to fault phenomenon simulation, virtual simulation experiments are visually intuitive and have a thorough understanding; Using mind maps to build a knowledge network, with clear context and doubled efficiency. Within a limited time, students have a deep understanding of a series of theoretical and practical knowledge such as circuit principles, and their learning interest and effectiveness have rapidly improved, achieving good teaching results.
SÍNDROME DOS OVÁRIOS POLICÍSTICOS: ALIMENTAÇÃO E A PRÁTICA ESPORTIVA
Authors: Lima Mônica Pereira , Pereira Sara Sthephanny Silva
Published: April 2024

Este estudo investiga a relação entre alimentação, prática esportiva e a Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP), uma condição endócrina comum em mulheres em idade reprodutiva, com variedade de sintomas, tais como alterações no ciclo menstrual, aumento dos hormônios masculinos e a formação de cistos nos ovários. A SOP apresenta desafios tanto para as pacientes quanto para os profissionais de saúde responsáveis pelo diagnóstico e tratamento. Nesta pesquisa, adotamos uma metodologia bibliográfica, para examinar o que a literatura científica já identificou sobre o tema. Temos como pressuposto a importância da qualidade de vida integral da mulher no tratamento dos sintomas e melhoraria do quadro clínico. A partir da revisão da literatura, destacamos a importância de uma dieta balanceada e da prática regular de atividades físicas no manejo da SOP, com ênfase na modulação dos sintomas, regulação hormonal e melhoria da sensibilidade à insulina. Identificamos lacunas na literatura, apontando para a necessidade de estudos longitudinais e ensaios clínicos randomizados para elucidar os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da SOP e desenvolver intervenções terapêuticas mais eficazes.
Criminal law mechanisms for protecting the children’s consciousness from negative information influence in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Khassanova Viktoriya , Smagulov Assylbek
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The relevance of scientific study is due to a significant number of legal and social problems associated with a negative influence on the children’s consciousness, especially adolescents, starting from the neuroses and psychological problems that have arisen, and ending exclusively with the criminal aspect – an increase in crime and suicides among children under the influence of cyberbullying and others informational side effects.

Purpose. The purpose of scientific article was to identify and study the main elements (subjects, objects, classifications, types) of information influence, their consequences, as well as ways to minimize the negative impact of digitalization on children, the criminal law mechanisms for such protection.

Methodology. The following methods became the main methodological approaches used in this scientific work: method of collecting information, the analytical and dialectical and comparative methods, including the examples of experience of other countries.

Results. The main results obtained as a result of this study is considered the formation of a concept for combating negative informational influence on children in two areas: information-technology and information-psychological. In addition, as a result of the study, it was revealed the main roles of the subjects of protecting children from the negative influence of information space, the principles and mechanisms of legal and criminal law protection.

Conclusions. The results of this scientific research play an important role in the formation of national strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in this area at all stages of its implementation, starting from the scientific work, lawmaking and law enforcement practice, and ending with the social development of population, teaching the parents, teachers and children the information culture.