bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foundations for the Canadian Humanities and Social Sciences Commons: Exploring the Possibilities of Digital Research Communities
Authors: Winter Caroline , Fontenot Tyler , Meneses Luis , Arbuckle Alyssa , Siemens Ray ,   The ETCL and INKE Research Groups
Published: November 2021

This paper introduces the Canadian Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) Commons, an open online space where Canadian HSS researchers and stakeholders can gather to share information and resources, make connections, and build community. Situated at the intersection of the fields of digital scholarship, open access, digital humanities, and social knowledge creation, the Canadian HSS Commons is being developed as part of a research program investigating how a not-for-profit, community-partnership research commons could benefit the HSS community in Canada. This paper considers an intellectual foundation for conceptualizing the commons, its potential benefits, and its role in the Canadian scholarly publishing ecosystem; it explores how the Canadian HSS Commons’ open, community-based platform complements existing research infrastructure serving the Canadian HSS research community.
Gaming the Publishing Industry: Exploring Diverse Open Scholarship Models in Digital Games Studies
Authors: Saklofske Jon
Published: November 2021

The emergent field of digital game scholarship has developed along unique communicative lines, illuminating alternative models and diversified potentials for scholarly communication. Following the decline of print-based magazine journalism, the rise of moderated aggregator sites, such as Kotaku, Polygon, and Rock Paper Shotgun has exposed many independent voices to larger audiences. Much of the scholarship cited in current academic work can be found online at sites like Critical Distance (which uses “roundups, roundtables, podcasts, and critical compilations” to encourage dialogue between “developers, critics, educators and enthusiasts”), First Person Scholar, a middle-state publication that combines “the timeliness and succinctness of a blog, while retaining the rigor and context of a conventional journal article” (Hawreliak), highly polished and curated online zines such as Heterotopias, and from quality video bloggers such as Noah Caldwell Gervais and short-form documentary creators such as Gvmers. These heterogeneous alternatives collectively model a publishing plasticity and adaptiveness, establishing a culture of open scholarship practices, inclusive and diverse voices, and a rapid deployment of ideas and perspectives. This paper argues that emergent models of scholarly communication explored by the game studies community include but also moderate the reactive energies of social media and the toxicity of “gamer” culture.
Convergence Theorems for Suzuki Generalized Nonexpansive Mapping in Banach Spaces
Authors: Ekinci Abdulhamit , Temir Seyit
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study a new iterative scheme to approximate fixed point of Suzuki nonexpansive type mappings in Banach space. We also provesome weak and strong theorems for Suzuki nonexpansive typemappings. Numerical example is given to show the efficiency of newiteration process. The results obtained in this paper improve therecent ones announced by B. S. Thakur et al. \cite{Thakur}, Ullahand Arschad \cite{UA}.
Analysis and Prediction of Childhood Pneumonia Deaths using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Soares Felipe A. L. , Lousada Efrem E. O. , Silveira Tiago B. , Mini Raquel A. F. , Zárate Luis E. , Freitas Henrique C.
Published: November 2021

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections are among the leading causes of child mortality worldwide. Specifically, community-acquired pneumonia has different causes, such as: passive smoking, air pollution, poor hygiene, cardiac insufficiency, oropharyngeal colonization, nutritional deficiency, immunosuppression, and environmental, economic and social factors. Due to the variation of these causes, knowledge discovery in this area of health has been a great challenge for researchers. Thus, this paper presents the steps for the construction of a database and evaluation results applied to the analysis and prediction of potential deaths caused by childhood pneumonia using the Pictorea method. For this, the Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network algorithms were used, and after comparison, the Neural Network algorithm showed higher accuracy by up to 87.57%. This algorithm was used to analyze and predict the number of deaths from pneumonia in children up to 5 years old, and the results were presented using Root Mean Square Error and scatter plots. A domain specialist validated the results and defined that the pattern found is relevant for future studies in the medical field, helping to analyze the behavior of countries and predict future scenarios.
Text Classification in Law Area: a Systematic Review
Authors: Martins V. S. , Silva C. D.
Published: November 2021

Automatic Text Classification represents a great improvement in law area workflow, mainly in the migration of physical to electronic lawsuits. A systematic review of studies on text classification in law area from January 2017 up to February 2020 was conducted. The search strategy identified 20 studies, that were analyzed and compared. The review investigates from research questions: what are the state-of-art language models, its application of text classification in English and Brazilian Portuguese datasets from legal area, if there are available language models trained on Brazilian Portuguese, and datasets in Brazilian law area. It concludes that there are applications of automatic text classification in Brazil, although there is a gap on the use of language models when compared with English language dataset studies, also the importance of language model in domain pre-training to improve results, as well as there are two studies making available Brazilian Portuguese language models, and one introducing a dataset in Brazilian law area.
Comparing ARIMA and LSTM models to predict time series in the oil industry
Authors: Correia Jaqueline B. , Pivetta Marcos , do Nascimento Givanildo Santana , Becker Karin
Published: November 2021

Monitoring and forecasting oil and gas (O\&G) production is essential to extend the life of a well and increase reservoirs' productivity. Popular models for O\&G time series are ARIMA and LSTM recurrent networks, and tipically several lags are forecasted at once. LSTM models can deploy the recursive prediction strategy, which uses one prediction to make the next, or the multiple outputs (MO) strategy, which predicts a sequence of values in a single shot. This work assesses ARIMA and LSTM models for the forecasting of petroleum production time series. We use time series of pressure and gas/oil flow from actual wells with distinct properties, for which we developed predictive models considering different time horizons. For the LSTM models, we deploy both the recursive and MO strategies. Our comparison revealed the superiority of LSTM models in general, and MO-based models for longer time intervals.
Der stille Kommanditist in der Publikums-KG
Authors: Dogan Sait
Published: November 2021

The thesis examines the qualified trust in public limited partnerships with particular regards to general trust and association law. In doing so, the author comes to the conclusion that this legal figure actually conceals the historically not newly invented figure of the silent limited partner - the beneficiary becomes a genuine internal partner in the external association. Based on this, the practice-relevant areas of liability and claims for information about their identity are examined, whereby the author often arrives at innovative approaches. The work thus makes a valuable contribution to the treatment of qualified trusts in science and practice. The author worked as a research associate in capital market and investment law.
Hodnocení exekutivních funkcí u dětí (BRIEF) – Recenze metody
Authors: Hubatková Petra , Rudolf Patrik
Published: November 2021

Vzhledem k nedostatečným důkazům o faktorové struktuře BRIEF, a tudíž i o možnostech interpretace jednotlivých skórů, a kvůli chybějícím českým normám doporučujeme využívat BRIEF v běžné diagnostické praxi pouze ve velmi omezených aplikačních oblastech. Dle našeho názoru může být metoda BRIEF užitečná pouze jako nástroj pro prvotní screening potenciálního narušení exekutivních funkcí. Výsledky by ale měl být interpretovány nanejvýš obezřetně a informace získané administrací BRIEF by měly být vždy dávány do souvislosti s dalšími zdroji informací získaných během vyšetření. Rozhodně ale nelze BRIEF považovat za ukazatel kvality exekutivních funkcí v jednotlivých doménách fungování. Pro účel jednoznačnější interpretace výsledků BRIEF je nezbytné provést důkladnější českou standardizaci zahrnující sestavení norem reflektujících demografické charakteristiky České republiky. Je také nutné získat důkazy o validitě BRIEF a invarianci metody pro různé skupiny. Vzhledem k již publikované druhé verzi metody (BRIEF-2; Gioia et al., 2015) je ale otázkou, zda by nebylo vhodnější zohlednit uvedené prvky spíše v případné standardizaci této nové verze.
Dotazník Strategií zvládání stresu (SVF-78) – Recenze metody
Authors: Binderová Gabriela
Published: November 2021

Domnívám se, že v současné podobě není metoda vhodná pro autory zamýšlené účely – pro srovnávání skupin v oblasti psychologie zdraví, psychologie nemoci a pracovní psychologie, individuální diagnostiku sami autoři nedoporučují kvůli nedostatku validizačních studií. Obzvláště užití v pracovní psychologii mi přijde problematické, vzhledem k nejasnému teoretickému základu a absenci validizačních studií by byla práce s metodou v tomto kontextu neoprávněná a neetická. Sami autoři navíc upozorňují na nebezpečí záměrného zkreslování výsledků a metoda neobsahuje žádný lži-skór, její využití by tak nemuselo mít ani přílišnou výpovědní hodnotu. V českém prostředí jsou navíc problémem zahraniční normy. Metodu tak doporučuji raději pouze pro výzkum, minimálně do doby, než bude stát na pevnějších teoretických základech a bude prokázána její validita. Zajímavou cestou v tomto směru může být přístup Balcara, Trnky a Kušky (2011), kteří se nalezenou faktorovou strukturu české verze dotazníku pokusili poměrně úspěšně interpretovat pomocí Lazarusova transakčního modelu stresu.
Why Human Difference is Critical to a Conception of Moral Standing
Authors: Kittay Eva Feder ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

I argue that the claim that merely being born of two human beings in a condition that supports life is sufficient for full moral status. Not only ought we not to exclude any human being from full moral status because they lack the possession of what some have deemed to be morally relevant properties, we don’t have a full grasp of what is morally relevant unless we include the many different possible lives humans live in their diverse bodies and minds. Our understanding of how we ought to treat nonhuman beings is not of lesser importance, but it necessarily depends on how we understand what is morally significant in human lives.
París: Roteiro Castelao. Diario 1921
Authors: López Correa Luz
Published: November 2021

A.D.R. Castelao (1886-1950) é un dos grandes referentes da cultura e arte galega, así como da política. Neste artigo propoñemos un percorrido polo París dos anos vinte seguindo as anotacións do seu Diario 1921. Acto seguido, unha tarefa de identificación onde trataremos de relacionar as súas vivencias na devandita cidade coa súa obra posterior.
Camiñando nas marxes con Xohán Casal: espiritualidade popular e expresión literaria
Authors: Bermúdez Montes María Teresa
Published: November 2021

Este traballo presenta un achegamento á figura do escritor galego Xohán Casal (1935-1960) a partir dos seus escritos persoais, que proporcionan novas claves para a súa caracterización. Mediante o estudo dos materiais depositados na Real Academia Galega (Fondo Xohán Casal), poñeranse de manifesto tanto a súa ideoloxía como o seu posicionamento estético e vital, no que ten unha relevancia capital a espiritualidade e o compromiso co popular. Tamén se revelarán as influencias de autores como Eduardo Pondal, cuxa cosmovisión deixou fonda pegada no pensamento de Casal, xunto con Castelao e Luís Seoane.
Best use of research dollars in program evaluation
Authors: Sowder Judith T.
Published: November 2021

In recent issues of the Educational Researcher, Robert Slavin and Stanley Pogrow have aired their disparate views on the criteria necessary for valid program evaluation. Pogrow claimed that although “experimental designs are essential for testing theory, classical control group designs are of little practical value for determining whether programs are exemplary” (1998, p. 22). He was met with Slavin's response that questioning the necessity of control groups is “an assault on the very core of social science” (1999, p. 36). This same debate occurs in evaluating curricula. Should every new curriculum be experimentally compared with existing curricula? But any evaluation of curricula is necessarily valued-based. Hiebert claimed, “Debates about what the research says will not settle the issue; only debates about values and priorities will be decisive” (1999, p. 5). Research can tell us whether or not a curriculum matches our values, and I would claim that research dollars would be better spent in determining what a particular curriculum has to offer than on comparing it with other curricula, using measures that are value-laden but are never identified as such.
Data Consultations, Racism, and Critiquing Colonialism in Demographic Datasheets
Authors: Exner Nina , Carrillo Erin , Leif Sam A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: We consider how data librarians can take antiracist action in education and consultations. We attempt to apply QuantCrit thinking, particularly to demographic datasheets.

Methods: We synthesize historical context with modern critical thinking about race and data to examine the origins of current assumptions about data. We then present examples of how racial categories can hide, rather than reveal, racial disparities. Finally, we apply the Model of Domain Learning to explain why data science and data management experts can and should expose experts in subject research to the idea of critically examining demographic data collection.

Results: There are good reasons why patrons who are experts in topics other than racism can find it challenging to change habits from Interoperable approaches to race. Nevertheless, the Census categories explicitly say that they have no basis in research or science. Therefore, social justice requires that data librarians should expose researchers to this fact. If possible, data librarians should also consult on alternatives to habitual use of the Census racial categories.

Conclusions: We suggest that many studies are harmed by including race and should remove it entirely. Those studies that are truly examining race should reflect on their research question and seek more relevant racial questions for data collection.
Unleashing the potential of preprints
Authors: Pattinson Damian
Published: November 2021

See RECORDING.
The rise of preprints in the biomedical sciences has created new opportunities to transform how research is communicated and assessed. As researchers become more accustomed to posting their findings online as soon as they are ready to be shared, the delays that occur during peer review at journals become harder to countenance. If a finding is immediately made available as a preprint, why wait months for the journal version to be published? There is clearly still a need for the quality control that peer review provides, but it does not make sense to continue with the opaque systems that were designed for an age when findings were kept secret until they were published in a journal. In this talk I will discuss the ways in which eLife is working towards a new model to support the open review of preprints, while also developing technology that supports other experiments in this space.
Residues R177 and S178 of the human Na+/H+ antiporter NHA2 are involved in its inhibition by the flavonoid phloretin
Authors: Zimmermannova Olga , Kubeš Martin , Przeczková Tereza , Masrati Gal
Published: December 2024

The Homo sapiens Na+/H+ antiporter NHA2 (SLC9B2) transports Na+ or Li+ in exchange for protons across cell membranes, and its dysfunction results in various pathologies. The activity of HsNHA2 is specifically inhibited by the flavonoid phloretin. Using bioinformatic modeling, we predicted two amino acids (R177 and S178) as being important for the binding of phloretin to the HsNHA2 molecule. Functional expression of HsNHA2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that while the R177T mutation resulted in an antiporter that was less sensitive to phloretin, the S178T mutation enhanced the inhibitory effect of phloretin on HsNHA2. Our data corroborate the transport properties of HsNHA2 and its interactions with an inhibitor and can be helpful for the development of new therapeutics targeting this antiporter and its pleiotropic physiological functions.
Exogenous fatty acids inhibit fatty acid synthesis by competing with endogenously generated substrates for phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli
Authors: van den Berg Stefan Pieter Hendrik , Zoumaro‐Djayoon Adja , Yang Flora , Bokinsky Gregory
Published: December 2024

Exogenous fatty acids are directly incorporated into bacterial membranes, heavily influencing cell envelope properties, antibiotic susceptibility, and bacterial ecology. Here, we quantify fatty acid biosynthesis metabolites and enzymes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway to determine how exogenous fatty acids inhibit fatty acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. We find that acyl‐CoA synthesized from exogenous fatty acids rapidly increases concentrations of long‐chain acyl‐acyl carrier protein (acyl‐ACP), which inhibits fatty acid synthesis initiation. Accumulation of long‐chain acyl‐ACP is caused by competition with acyl‐CoA for phospholipid synthesis enzymes. Furthermore, we find that transcriptional regulation rebalances saturated and unsaturated acyl‐ACP while maintaining overall expression levels of fatty acid synthesis enzymes. Rapid feedback inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by exogenous fatty acids thus allows E. coli to benefit from exogenous fatty acids while maintaining fatty acid synthesis capacity. We hypothesize that this indirect feedback mechanism is ubiquitous across bacterial species.
Cytosolic‐enhanced dark Epac‐based FRET sensors allow for intracellular cAMP detection in live cells via FLIM
Authors: Zanetti Giulia , Klarenbeek Jeffrey B. , Jalink Kees
Published: December 2024

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based biosensors are powerful tools for studying second messengers with high temporal and spatial resolution. FRET is commonly detected by ratio imaging, but fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), which measures the donor fluorophore's lifetime, offers a robust and more quantitative alternative. We have introduced and optimized four generations of FRET sensors for cAMP, based on the effector molecule Epac1, including variants for either ratio imaging or FLIM detection. Recently, Massengill and colleagues introduced additional mutations that improve cytosolic localization in these sensors, focusing on constructs optimized for ratio imaging. Here we present and briefly characterize these mutations in our dedicated FLIM sensors, finding they enhance cytosolic localization while maintaining performance comparable to original constructs.
Predicting the abundance of Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick
Authors: Parent Marianne I. , Stryhn Henrik , Hammell K. Larry , Fast Mark D. , Vanderstichel Raphaël
Published: December 2024

Objective

The primary objective was to construct a time series model for the abundance of the adult female (AF) sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, for the period 2016–2021 and to illustrate its short-term predictive capabilities.

Methods

Sea lice are routinely counted for monitoring purposes, and these data are recorded in the Fish-iTrends database. A multivariable autoregressive linear mixed-effects model (second-order autoregressive structure) was generated with the outcome of the abundance of AF sea lice and included treatments, infestation pressures (a measure that represents the dose of exposure of sea louse parasitic stages to potential fish hosts) within sites (internal) and among sites (external), and other predictors. The treatments were categorized by duration and type.

Result

The effect of mechanical treatments decreased with increasing sea surface temperature. In-sample predictions had good accuracy. A one-standard-deviation increase in the external infestation pressures (EIPAF) produced a significant relative increase in the abundance of AF sea lice by 5% when other model predictors were kept constant. Sites separated by short seaway distances had stronger EIPAF than sites with more considerable distances.

Conclusion

This model may be helpful for managers and farmers in implementing sea lice mitigation strategies on salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy.
Refractory myasthenia gravis treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Beland Benjamin , Storek Jan , Quartermain Liam , Hahn Christopher , Pringle C. Elizabeth , Bourque Pierre R. , Kennah Michael , Kekre Natasha , Bredeson Christopher , Allan David , Jamani Kareem , White Christopher , Atkins Harold
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) have few treatment options. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used to treat immune diseases; however, its use in the treatment of MG is not broadly considered. Our objective is to report on the efficacy and safety of HSCT in refractory MG.

Methods

Twenty‐one patients who underwent HSCT for MG were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had severe MG refractory to multiple therapies. Stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. The grafts were depleted of immune cells by selecting CD34+ cells. HSCT conditioning consisted of high‐dose cytoreductive therapy and anti‐thymocyte globulin. The primary efficacy outcome was achieving clinically stable remission or minimal manifestations without treatment and remaining as such until most recent follow‐up.

Results

The median time from MG diagnosis to HSCT was 4.0 years. The primary outcome was reached in 16 of 18 evaluable patients (89%) at a median of 1.7 years and maintained with a median follow‐up of 6.7 years (range 1.0–21.9 years). Three patients were not evaluable for the primary outcome: one due to confounding illness and two died within 12 months of transplant. The transplant‐related mortality at 100 days was 9.5%. Two late deaths occurred, with uncertain relation to the HSCT.

Interpretation

After HSCT for refractory MG, most patients achieved sustained disease remission. However, HSCT‐related mortality in medically complex MG patients may be high. Prospective studies investigating the efficacy and safety of HSCT in the treatment of refractory MG are warranted.
Inflammatory disease in people with multiple sclerosis treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Afzal Saira , Li Yadi , Lapin Brittany , Hua Le H. , Kennedy Lucy Boyce , Ma Wen Wee , McGinley Marisa , Cohen Jeffrey A. , Kunchok Amy
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated disease activity in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) compared to PwMS not treated with ICIs. There were 108 PwMS included (27 PwMS+ICIs and 81 PwMS controls), matched on age, sex, disease duration, DMTs, and MS disease course. Of 27 PwMS+ICIs, one (4%) had a relapse and four (15%) developed new MRI lesions without clinical symptoms. Time to relapse and MRI activity were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models. There was no significant difference for either time to relapse (p = 0.34) or MRI activity (p = 0.15) in PwMS+ICIs compared to controls.
Structure Engineering on Prussian Blue Analog Anode Toward Rapid Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Daolong , Huang Ren , Zhang Yibing , Li Wenjing , Xi Shibo , Lv Peng , Yu Caiyan , Yang Hui Ying , Yan Dong , Bai Ying
Published: December 2024

Developing high‐rate electrode materials is a critical enabler of fast‐charging Na‐ion battery (NIB). Prussian blue analog (PBA) with rapid charge transfer channels has shown significant potential as high‐rate NIB cathodes; however, the fast‐charging capability of reported PBA‐based anodes remains limited. This challenge primarily stems from the complete transformation of their original PBA‐based crystal structures during synthesis processes, resulting in loss of the inherent rapid charge transfer channels. Herein, a Ni‐Fe based PBA (Ni3[Fe(CN)6]2) with a representative PBA‐based crystal structure is presented as a prototype to investigate its potential as a NIB anode, and structural modification strategies are implemented to unlock its rapid Na‐ion storage. First, conversion reaction mechanism is demonstrated in the Ni3[Fe(CN)6]2 during sodiation, with a theoretical specific capacity of 357.2 mAh g−1. However, its reversible capacities after long‐term cycling and at high rates are low. To address these issues, structural optimization strategies including S incorporation, configurational entropy modulation, and coordination environment regulation are utilized. Consequently, its fast‐charging (≈40 s per charge with 245.0 mAh g−1 input) and excellent cycling capabilities are realized. This study demonstrates the feasibility of PBA as high‐rate NIB anodes, and promotes the further investigation into structural optimization strategies aimed at developing other fast‐charging electrodes.
Improving ZnS Oxidation Kinetics Through Nucleophilic Regulation for High‐Performance Zinc–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shen Shiqi , Yuan Cheng , Xu Yan , Xie Yawen , Wang Lei , Yan Tianran , Chen Shuyuan , Wang Liyao , Liu Tiefeng , Zhang Liang
Published: December 2024

Aqueous zinc–sulfur (Zn─S) batteries represent a promising technology for grid‐scale energy storage because of the advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, and high theoretical capacity. However, the practical applications of Zn─S batteries are hindered by the sluggish oxidation kinetics of zinc sulfide (ZnS) during the charge process. Herein, a strategy of nucleophilic regulation is proposed to modulate the oxidation kinetics of ZnS by adjusting the Zn─S bonding strength. By screening different nucleophilic groups, it is found that tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) can not only strongly interact with Zn atoms of ZnS through sulfone group to lower the oxidation energy barrier but also effectively suppress the side reactions by shielding ZnS from the active water molecules, thus facilitating the complete conversion from ZnS to sulfur. Benefiting from these advantages, the aqueous Zn─S batteries assembled with TMS as a multifunctional electrolyte additive demonstrate a superior specific capacity of 799 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2.0 A g−1 and 649 mAh g−1 at a current density of 4.0 A g−1 with an enhanced capacity retention after long cycles. This work demonstrates the promise of nucleophilic regulation for modulating the cathode conversion reaction in aqueous Zn─S batteries and beyond.
Thermally Drawn Shape and Stiffness Programmable Fibers for Medical Devices
Authors: Choi Jiwoo , Zheng Qindong , Abdelaziz Mohamed E. M. K. , Dysli Thomas , Bautista‐Salinas Daniel , Leber Andreas , Jiang Shan , Zhang Jianan , Demircali Ali Anil , Zhao Jinshi , Liu Yue , Linton Nick W. F. , Sorin Fabien , Jia Xiaoting , Yeatman Eric M. , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Temelkuran Burak
Published: December 2024

Despite the significant advantages of Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs), material processing and production challenges have limited their applications. Recent advances in fiber manufacturing offer a novel approach to processing polymers, broadening the functions of fibers beyond optical applications. In this study, a thermal drawing technique for SMPs to fabricate Shape Memory Polymer Fibers (SMPFs) tailored for medical applications, featuring programmable stiffness and shape control is developed. Rheological and differential scanning calorimetry analyses are conducted to assess SMP's compatibility with the proposed thermal drawing process and applications, leading to the production of multilumen, multimaterial SMPFs activated at body temperature. Different properties of SMPFs are investigated in three medical devices: stiffness‐adjustable catheters, softening neural interface, and shape‐programmable cochlear implants. Comprehensive characterization of these devices demonstrates the potential of thermally drawn SMPs to be employed in a wide range of applications demanding programmable mechanical properties.
ASb3Mn9O19 (A = K or Rb): New Mn‐Based 2D Magnetoplumbites with Geometric and Magnetic Frustration
Authors: Chen Jianyi , Calder Stuart , Paddison Joseph A. M. , Angelo Gina , Klivansky Liana , Zhang Jian , Cao Huibo , Gui Xin
Published: December 2024

Magnetoplumbites are one of the most broadly studied families of hexagonal ferrites, typically with high magnetic ordering temperatures, making them excellent candidates for permanent magnets. However, magnetic frustration is rarely observed in magnetoplumbites. Herein, the discovery, synthesis, and characterization of the first Mn‐based magnetoplumbite, as well as the first magnetoplumbite involving pnictogens (Sb), ASb3Mn9O19 (A = K or Rb) are reported. The Mn3+ (S = 2) cations, further confirmed by DC magnetic susceptibility and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, construct three geometrically frustrated sublattices, including Kagome, triangular, and puckered honeycomb lattices. Magnetic properties measurements revealed strong antiferromagnetic spin–spin coupling as well as multiple low‐temperature magnetic features. Heat capacity data does not show any prominent λ‐anomaly, suggesting minimal associated magnetic entropy. Moreover, neutron powder diffraction (NPD) implied the absence of long‐range magnetic ordering in KSb3Mn9O19 down to 3 K. However, several magnetic peaks are observed in RbSb3Mn9O19 at 3 K, corresponding to an incommensurate magnetic structure. Interestingly, strong diffuse scattering is seen in the NPD patterns of both compounds at low angles and is analyzed by reverse Monte Carlo refinements, indicating short‐range spin ordering related to frustrated magnetism as well as 2D magnetic correlations in ASb3Mn9O19 (A = K or Rb).
A Bilayer Micro/Nanostructured Water‐Based Paint With Effective Thermal Insulating and Reflective Properties
Authors: Caputo Antonino , Olivieri Federico , Avolio Roberto , Bonadies Irene , Castaldo Rachele , Cocca Mariacristina , Errico Maria Emanuela , Avella Maurizio , Gentile Gennaro
Published: December 2024

In this work, the design, optimization and characterization of a new bilayer painting system is reported. The underlying layer is engineered to provide exceptional thermal insulation to the paint through the synergistic effect of hollow perlite microspheres and micrometer‐sized cellulose particles incorporated in an acrylic matrix. The external painting layer is a nanocomposite coating composed of an acrylic matrix containing titania nanoparticles, designed to induce the formation of a homogeneous and glossy surface with high reflectance in the Visible (Vis) spectrum as well as in the near‐Infrared (NIR) segments NIR‐I and NIR‐II. Both layers are obtained using an eco‐friendly, water‐based commercial acrylic matrix. The bilayer painting system is characterized in terms of viscosity of the polyacrylate/fillers mixtures, thermal conductivity, wettability and UV/Vis/NIR reflectance. Moreover, morphological and thermogravimetric analysis are also performed. The obtained results well evidence the effectiveness of the proposed system to develop new thermal paints able to significantly improve the energy efficiency of buildings.
Research Progress of Colloidal Chemistry and Rheological Dynamics for Printable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Gong Chenxiang , Wang Cong , Fan Baojin , Meng Xiangchuan , Shi Siyi , Hu Ting , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2024

The efficiency of solar cells based on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials has already met the standards for commercial applications. However, there remains an efficiency gap of ≈30% between small‐area devices and industrial‐scale devices. Large‐area devices, in particular, tend to exhibit lower optoelectronics and reduced environmental stability. The ink fluid behavior significantly influences the crystal process of large‐area perovskite films during printing fabrication, which cannot be disregarded. As the manufacturing area and total solvent volatilization increase, the impact of inhomogeneous migration by perovskite colloidal particles gradually intensifies. This work focuses on elucidating the impact of the rheological properties of perovskite colloidal particles on the crystalline quality and device optoelectronic performance of perovskite films during deposition. It explores the fluid behavior of colloidal particles in the ink and throughout the printing process, the effects of additives on the motion of perovskite colloidal particles, and how the ink's rheological properties change when modifying agents interact with perovskite particles. Additionally, the functional aspects of controlling perovskite film formation and optimizing photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are thoroughly discussed. Ultimately, the preparation process improvement of perovskite precursor solution and the current technical barriers to commercialization are summarized and prospected.
Biomaterials for Corneal Regeneration
Authors: Li Yimeng , Wang Zhengke
Published: December 2024

Corneal blindness is a significant reason for visual impairment globally. Researchers have been investigating several methods for corneal regeneration in order to cure these patients. Biomaterials are favored due to their biocompatibility and capacity to promote cell adhesion. A variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials, along with decellularized cornea, have been employed in corneal wound healing. Commonly utilized natural biomaterials encompass proteins such as collagen, gelatin, and silk fibroin (SF), as well as polysaccharides including alginate, chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and cellulose. Synthetic biomaterials primarily consist of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), and poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). Bio‐based materials and their composites are primarily utilized as hydrogels, films, scaffolds, patches, nanocapsules, and other formats for the treatment of blinding ocular conditions, including corneal wounds, corneal ulcers, corneal endothelium, and stromal defects. This review attempts to summarize in vitro, preclinical, and clinical trial studies relevant to corneal regeneration using biomaterials within the last five years, and expect that these experiences and outcomes will inspire and provide practical strategies for the future development of biomaterials for corneal regeneration. Furthermore, potential improvements and difficulties for these biomaterials are discussed.
Hspa13 Deficiency Impaired Marginal Zone B Cells Regulatory Function and Contributed to Lupus Pathogenesis
Authors: Xing Chen , Cui Haoran , Li Ge , Liu Xiaoling , Liu Kun , Wen Qing , Huang Xin , Wang Renxi , Song Lun
Published: December 2024

Dysregulated IL‐10 producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) are associated with the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus. An immunomodulatory role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is implicated in autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular basis underlying the role of Hspa13 in regulating Bregs function and lupus pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, Bregs display higher Hspa13 expression than IL‐10− B cells. Induction of IL‐10 production is weakened in B cells with Hspa13 knockdown or knockout. Hspa13 binds to the IL‐10 promoter via the TATA or CAAT box and activates IL‐10 transcription in the nucleus. Furthermore, Hspa13 positive cells are enriched in marginal zone (MZ) B cells to regulate IL‐10 production. Stimulated B220+ B or MZ B cells from CD19creHspa13fl/fl mice for Breg induction show an impaired capacity to promote CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) differentiation. In lupus MRL/lpr mice, a decline in Treg differentiation is accompanied by decreased Hspa13 expression in both Bregs and MZ B cells. Moreover, adoptive transfusion of Bregs and MZ B cells from CD19creHspa13fl/fl mice fails to increase the frequency of Tregs, attenuate renal pathology, or decrease anti‐dsDNA antibody levels. These results explain the unique role of Hspa13 in determining MZ regulatory function and affecting lupus pathogenesis.
Interfacial Confinement Effect of Self‐Adsorbed Monolayer Enables Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Huo Yaodong , Huang Shifeng , Liu Zihan , Li Mengjing , Cao Yanjiao , Tian Penghui , Ma Tuotuo , Han Chenhui , Gao Yuliang
Published: December 2024

The practical applications of aqueous Zn metal batteries are promising, yet still impeded by the corrosion reactions and dendrite growth on the Zn metal anode. Here, a self‐adsorbed monolayer (SAM) is designed to stabilize the Zn metal anode. Theory and experiment results show that the interfacial confinement effect of the SAM, for one thing, greatly suppresses the corrosion reactions through the H2O‐poor inner Helmholtz plane because of the steric‐hindrance effect, and for another, alleviates the Zn2+ concentration gradient on the anode surface through the Zn2+ enrichment behavior and eventually inhibits the dendrite growth. Consequently, the Zn||Cu cell maintains a Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% at 10 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 for 2000 cycles, and the Zn||Zn cell can stably cycle for 1400 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. Additionally, the NVO||Zn pouch cell shows impressive cycling stability (over 200 cycles) and low gassing behavior at 3 A g−1. This work provides a novel perspective for the interface engineering of Zn metal anodes.
Bulk Carrier Recombination Mechanisms and Photovoltage Deficit in Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Hai , Zhu Qiang , Zou Long , Xu Bin , Wang Hongru , Ge Rui , Yue Fangyu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Lin , Chen Ye , Chu Junhao
Published: December 2024

Significant open‐circuit voltage deficit (VOC‐def) is regarded as the primary obstacle to achieving efficient kesterite solar cells. By leveraging a synergistic approach that combines photoluminescence, admittance spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence techniques, the theoretical models of radiative recombination in Cu2ZnSnS4 kesterite are revisited, allowing for a comprehensive clarification of both radiative and nonradiative recombination loss effects of VOC‐def in the kesterite bulk and at interfaces. This quantitative analysis of VOC‐def reveals that Cu/Zn disorder remains a fundamental limitation for kesterite solar cells, comparable to deep‐level defects. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the asymmetric photoluminescence band commonly observed in Cu2ZnSnS4 consists of two competing components: tail‐impurity recombination (conduction band → CuZn) and quasi‐donor‐acceptor‐pair recombination (ZnCu → CuZn). These findings confirm that Cu/Zn antisite defects and related potential fluctuations reduce the effective bandgap. Furthermore, it is confirmed that band tails in kesterite are the result of electrostatic potential fluctuations and bandgap fluctuations. The amplitude of the electrostatic potential fluctuations is estimated to be ≈30 meV. Bandgap fluctuations in kesterite are experimentally distinguished from electrostatic potential fluctuations for the first time, which leads to a bandgap contraction of about 130 meV. These studies provide crucial theoretical support for the advancement of kesterite photovoltaic technology.
Length at Age of Mottled Sculpin in a Regulated High‐Elevation River
Authors: Brown Alexandra L. , Hackett Travis R. , Lynch Baylor K. , Rose Brien P. , Johnson Brett M. , Kanno Yoichiro
Published: December 2024

We characterized length‐at‐age relationships of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdii) in the Lower Blue River, a regulated high‐elevation river in the southern Rocky Mountain region, CO, USA. Sculpin was collected in May, August and October in a dry year and a wet year, and sagittal otoliths were sectioned for age estimation. Age‐1 fish grew rapidly followed by slowed annual growth and a relatively long life span, with the oldest individual inferred to be 9 years old at 119 mm in total length. These patterns might be due to the altered flow regime characterized by hypolimnetic dam water release, resulting in suboptimal summer water temperatures for growth, oligotrophic conditions and low abundance of prey resources. Our study reports length‐at‐age relationships of a small‐bodied species in an anthropogenically altered river, and additional research is warranted to compare their life history characteristics over space and time.
An electro‐metathesis membrane reactor for directly producing LiOH with purity exceeding 99.5%
Authors: Liu Xiao , Cao Guangzhong , Wang Songhui , Shan Weixiang , Gu Tianle , Liu Zhaoming , Jiang Chenxiao , Xu Tongwen
Published: December 2024

Producing battery‐grade lithium hydroxide (LiOH) from lithium salts is essential for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. Traditional causticization methods, which involve metathesis reactions between lithium salts (such as Li2CO3, Li2SO4, or LiCl) and bases (such as Ca(OH)2, NaOH, or Ba(OH)2), often result in low concentrations of LiOH and significant lithium loss dragged by CaCO3/Na2SO4/BaSO4 as solid waste. To address these challenges, we developed the “electro‐metathesis” membrane reactor, which integrates the metathesis reaction with an electro‐membrane system based on ion‐distillation technology. This technology enhances the causticization process by regulating ion migration through ion exchange membranes and blocking impurity ions stage by stage, improving lithium recovery to 84.4% and achieving high‐purity (99.6%) LiOH products. Furthermore, the process cost is 3.32 $/kg LiOH, which is lower than traditional causticization processes. This research highlights the advantages of the “electro‐metathesis” membrane reactor in process efficiency, product quality, and cost management, showing strong potential for industrial applications.
Son Preference, Modern Contraception, and Fertility Intention in the Context of Polygyny in Pakistan: Evidence From Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018
Authors: Ibupoto Mukhtiar Hussain , Shah Athar Ali , Loong Anbang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The research explores the association between son preference, utilization of modern contraception, and fertility intention among polygynous families in Pakistan.

Method

Logistic regression, margins plot, and propensity score matching techniques were implied for the analysis, using demographic and health surveys 2017–2018.

Results

The results reveal higher odds for using modern contraception (0.51) and lower odds for demanding more children (2.56) among women having only sons as compared to women having only daughters with (0.4) and (6.7) odds for the same factors. Propensity score matching results show that after controlling for all demographic factors women having only boys are 6% more likely to use contraception and 20% less demanding more children than women having only girls. This association is stronger, especially when couples have less than six children.

Conclusion

The research shows evidence of son preference and higher fertility among women belonging to polygynous families in Pakistan. Policy programs should pay attention to women's empowerment, education, and economic rights.
Paving the way for Alzheimer's disease blood‐based biomarkers in primary care
Authors: Erickson Claire M. , Largent Emily A. , O'Brien Kyra S.
Published: December 2024

Blood‐based biomarkers (BBBMs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have the potential to revolutionize the detection and management of cognitive impairment. AD BBBMs are not currently recommended for use in primary care but may soon be as research demonstrates their clinical utility for differential diagnosis and patient management. To prepare for the incorporation of AD BBBMs into primary care, several practical challenges must be addressed. Here, we describe four immediate challenges: (1) preparing primary care providers to order and disclose AD BBBMs, (2) expanding the dementia‐capable workforce, (3) ensuring equitable uptake of AD BBBM testing, and (4) securing access to AD treatment. We conclude by discussing future directions and challenges for use of AD BBBMs in primary care, including screening for preclinical AD and dementia detection algorithms.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood‐based biomarkers (BBBMs) may be well suited for primary care.

Many changes are needed to prepare the workforce and ensure patient access.

Paving the way for AD BBBMs in primary care will require a multi‐pronged approach.
Hybrid CIGS‐Cobalt Quaterpyridine Photocathode with Backside Illumination: A New Paradigm for Solar Fuel Production
Authors: Ichou Hichem , Choubrac Léo , Suna Garen , Sarkar Debashrita , Marques Cordeiro Junior Paulo Jorge , Diring Stéphane , Pineau Fabien , Bonin Julien , Barreau Nicolas , Robert Marc , Odobel Fabrice
Published: December 2024

Chalcogenide‐based thin‐film solar cell optimized for rear illumination and used for CO2 reduction is presented. Central to this innovation is a thinner, Cu(In,Ga)S2 chalcopyrite absorber coated with a robust metallic top layer, which potentially surpasses the performance of conventional front‐illuminated designs. Using cobalt quaterpyridine molecular catalyst, photocurrent densities for CO2 reduction exceeding 10 mA/cm2 at 0.0 V vs. RHE under 1 Sun illumination, and ca. 16 mA/cm2 at −0.25 V vs. RHE were achieved in voltammetry experiments. Controlled potential electrolysis showed catalytic activity over 20 h with selectivity for CO ranging from >92 % (first 4 hours) to 86 % at the end of the experiment. This approach opens limitless possibilities for employing various reduction catalysts, extending far beyond CO2 reduction. It imposes minimal constraints on absorption properties, immobilization methods, and catalyst nature, setting the stage for high‐performance, adaptable PEC devices.
Exposed weapons: A revised reconstruction of the facial anatomy and life appearance of the saber‐toothed cat Megantereon (Felidae, Machairodontinae)
Authors: Antón Mauricio , Siliceo Gema , Pastor Juan Francisco , Jiangzuo Qigao , Salesa Manuel J.
Published: December 2024

Megantereon was a widespread saber‐toothed felid from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Old World and North America, but its rarity in the fossil record makes it complicated to restore its life appearance. Lack of complete specimens makes it necessary to combine information from fossils of different individuals to reconstruct their facial anatomy. In this work, we combine the analysis of skulls and mandibles of Megantereon from various fossil sites with the study of extant carnivorans through dissection, 3D scans, and the observation of live individuals. Megantereon combined very elongated upper canines with mandibular flanges that were not deep enough to match the length of the sabers, as well as a wide maxilla combined with narrow incisor rows and mandibular symphysis. Such features are compatible with the presence of exposed canines in life, because the narrow symphysis allows room to accommodate lips and other soft tissues medial to the sabers, while the protrusion of the tips of the upper canines beyond the mental flanges makes it unlikely that they would be enveloped in soft tissue sheaths, which would dangle with the inherent risk of puncture. Megantereon was transitional between saber‐toothed felids with covered upper canines, where saber length fits with mental flange depth, and the derived Smilodon where the upper canines are much longer than the flanges and the lips fit between upper canines and mandible, leaving the upper canine crowns largely exposed in life.