bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing and revising a cognitive behavioral group intervention for psychological distress among female university students
Authors: Bernhardsdottir Johanna , Thome Marga , Skärsäter Ingela , Champion Jane Dimmitt
Published: November 2017

Background: Psychological distress in the form of depression and/or anxiety has been found to be common among university students, especially in females. Roughly one in five of Icelandic female university students exhibit elevated psychological distress, yet less than 30% of them do receive professional mental health care. To ameliorate the psychological distress a cognitive behavioral group therapy was designed to target the distress. The purpose of this paper is to describe the main steps in designing the respective intervention and the revisions made by the expert panel based on the validation of the preliminary intervention and the experience of the advanced practice psychiatric nurses therapists.Methods: The intervention design took place in four phases. Initially psychological distress was defined, secondly a literature review was conducted to see if there were effective interventions available to solve the problem. Thirdly the drafting of the intervention took place based on theory and evidence and finally the intervention was validated with quantitative and qualitative methods. The intervention was provided by two advanced practice psychiatric nurses in 4 sessions in groups of 5 to 8 females. An expert panel of 6 psychiatric nurses was formed to guide the intervention design, the delivery of the intervention and intervention validation.Results: The quantitative and qualitative validation of the preliminary intervention showed that psychological distress decreased and was acceptable to participants.Conclusions: The validation of the preliminary intervention provided the expert group with rationale for modifying the content and structure of the intervention in nine categories.
Impact of Occupational Stress on Job Performance: Moderating Role of Social and Supervisor‟s Support
Authors: Akhtnar Rabia , Mustafa Adeel
Published: November 2017

We use a regression analysis model to inspect a moderating effect of social and supervisor support on occupational stress and job performance. Our sample is based on 251 employees of different organizations. Data congregation approach is based on adoptive survey technique. Our results recommend that there is a strong impact of moderators on occupational stress and job performance.
A Review of Protocols in Higher Education; How My Experience Made Me Question the Process
Authors: Ryan Brendan M.
Published: November 2017

This paper is a discussion and critical review of grading practices at a large flagship public university. In this paper, I examine the rights a student has when calling into question the authority and decision-making abilities of teachers in a classroom setting. Following my recent experience with a professor (noted at the beginning of this paper), I began to question the legitimacy of interactions between students and teachers. The paper examines the way in which the system of Higher Education lacks due process for students who wish to appeal to their teachers about their grades. Ultimately my goal is to help facilitate conversations about academic review, including how professors can use syllabi and grading matrixs to protect themselves and their students, and well as ensure that conflicts can be avoided.
Effect of Placental Extract on Omentum Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation in NMRI Mice
Authors: Nezhadfazel Maryam Sadat , Parivar Kazem , Roodbari Nasim Hayati , Nasrabadi Mitra Heydari
Published: November 2017

Omentum mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) could be induced to differentiate into cell varieties under certain conditions. We studied differentiation of OMSCs induced by using placenta extract in NMRI mice. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from omentum and cultured with mice placenta extract. MSCs, were assessed after three passages by flow cytometry for CD90, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD34 markers and were recognized their ability to differentiate into bone and fat cell lines. Placenta extract dose was determined with IC50 test then OMSCs were cultured in DMEM and 20% placenta extract.The cell cycle was checked. OMSCs were assayed on 21 days after culture and differentiated cells were determined by flow cytometry and again processed for flow cytometry. CD90, CD44, CD73, CD105 markers were not expressed, only CD34 was their marker. OMSCs were morphologically observed. Differentiated cells are similar to the endothelial cells. Therefore, to identify differentiated cells, CD31 and FLK1 expression were measured. This was confirmed by its expression. G1 phase of the cell cycle shows that OMSCs compared to the control group, were in the differentiation phase. The reason for the differentiation of MSCs into endothelial cells was the sign of presence of VEGF factor in the medium too high value of as a VEGF secreting source.
Lokale politieke participatie: wie doet wat en wie wil wat?
Authors: Dekker Paul , den Ridder Josje
Published: November 2017

Local political participation: who does something and who wants something?

This article investigates the state of affairs of local participation and participation wishes, and its backgrounds. The central question is if those who participate a lot are also those who wish to have more participation or not. It is not possible to simply summarize the developments in time in terms of ‘less and less’ participation and ‘more and more’ wishes. Since the seventies the turnout in municipal elections has fallen (against fluctuations without trend at the national elections) and collective actions for local goals have remained at the same level (against a fall in collective actions for supralocal goals). In 2016 also less people have appeared to participate non-electorally (19% local activists) than electorally (54% turnout in 2014). In addition the support for new opportunities for participation is larger than the actual use of existing opportunities. Political participants are almost as often as non-participants in favour of new opportunities for participation. In line with previous research the authors find several social and political attitudes in support of promoting more opportunities for participation. For participants as well as non-participants it applies that support for more opportunities is promoted by ‘positive’ characteristics (like interest in local politics, worries about the environment) as well as ‘negative’ ones (dissatisfaction with local democracy, disbelief in the responsiveness of councillors).
Slotbeschouwing: geen levende lokale democratie zonder scepsis
Authors: van der Meer Tom
Published: November 2017

Final view: no living local democracy without scepticism

In a final view the other guest editor draws conclusions on local democracy based on the analyses of the Local Election Research presented in this special issue. The good news is that the basic attitude of the Dutch people about their local democracy, their local institutions and their local government is quite positive. A picture of trust and satisfaction arises from the data that are available. However, the picture is much less positive if we look at the local democracy from the perspective of the monitoring citizen. The outcomes of municipal elections are largely dictated by national party preferences, which is both harmful for the process of representation before and the control and accountability after the election of the municipal council. In addition, the level of political participation at the local level is rather low and the participants are not a balanced reflection of the population, even in new forms of participation that are especially designed to break the dominance of the permanent participation elite.
Proposta de um método para priorização de risco em FMEA considerando custo de ocorrência do modo de falha em sua etapa de detecção
Authors: Ferreira Janderson Da Conceição , Rodrigues Mariane Cristina , Franciscato Lucas Scavariello , Correr Ivan
Published: November 2017

No modelo tradicional de FMEA, usa-se o produto ou a ordenação não aritmética dos três critérios “severidade”, “ocorrência” e “detecção” para determinação do NPR; entretanto, uma das limitações da ferramenta está relacionada aos fatores econômicos que não são considerados em sua elaboração. Nesse contexto, o atual estudo apresenta uma proposta de um método para avaliação de riscos em FMEA de processo considerando os custos de ocorrência no momento de detecção da falha, em uma empresa de autopeças. Como resultado, obteve-se a viabilidade da aplicação dos custos de ocorrência do modo de falha em sua etapa de detecção como um novo método para priorização na análise de risco, o que possibilitou à empresa identificar e direcionar as ações nas etapas que continham o maior impacto financeiro.
Divulgação de indicadores de sustentabilidade pelas empresas com governança corporativa
Authors: Schwach Ricardo Garrido , Machado Junior Celso , Pereira Raquel Da Silva , Ribeiro Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani
Published: November 2017

A dimensão ambiental da sustentabilidade vem-se destacando à medida que a população e o consumo aumentam, demandando, por sua vez, maior participação no planejamento e na tomada de decisão pelas organizações. Neste contexto, emana o objetivo desta pesquisa de identificar o perfil de divulgação dos indicadores de sustentabilidade pelas empresas que possuem Governança Corporativa, sobretudo os relacionados com a questão ambiental. Utilizou-se um método misto de investigação, com o emprego das técnicas de análise documental e data mining. Os dados mostram que, de um universo de 217 organizações relacionadas pelo Valor Econômico, apenas 91 apresentaram relatórios com indicadores de sustentabilidade, segundo o modelo Global Reporting Initiative. As empresas do setor industrial se destacaram na divulgação de indicadores ambientais de sustentabilidade. Os indicadores ambientais mais frequentes foram: Emissões, Efluentes e Resíduos, Energia, Água e Biodiversidade.
Aplicação do característico setorial de inovação como modelo de diagnóstico em inovação das epp que atuam no setor da indústria de reparos de automóveis
Authors: Cavalcanti André Marques , Ferraz Ademir Gomes , Pires dos Santos Cicero Mariano , Ferreira Carla Patrícia Santos , Sales Silva Paula Hadassa Ulisses
Published: November 2017

A indústria de automóveis no Brasil tem uma participação no PIB industrial de 25%, movimentando um número considerável de trabalhadores em uma cadeia que engloba fornecedores de matéria-prima, autopeças, oficinas mecânicas, distribuidores entre outras.  Considerando que existe um crescimento médio da frota de automóveis no Brasil de 5% ao ano, identifica-se a necessidade de estabelecer serviços que garantam o pleno funcionamento dessa frota atendendo os critérios de disponibilidade exigidos por seus usuários. A proposta dessa pesquisa é definir um modelo de diagnóstico que possibilite identificar em quais dimensões devem ser considerados investimentos em inovação para melhorar o nível de competitividade das oficinas. A pesquisa avalia a aplicação do modelo do Característico de Inovação Setorial para determinar as dimensões de inovação prioritárias realizando um survey com uma amostra de 150 empresas onde identifica-se as dimensões que possibilitam elevar os níveis de competição das empresas desse setor.
Perfil e expectativas dos acadêmicos de Engenharia de Produção de uma universidade federal
Authors: Mello Mario Fernando , Jung Patricia Luana , Stamm Gustavo Rocha
Published: November 2017

Conhecer o perfil e as expectativas de jovens acadêmicos é importante tanto para a universidade como para seus docentes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se conhecer e analisar as expectativas dos acadêmicos de Engenharia de Produção de uma universidade federal e mostrar as características da atuação de um profissional dessa área. Assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa utilizando um formulário on-line por meio da plataforma do Google Drive, sendo este disponibilizado a todos os alunos matriculados no curso de Engenharia de Produção de uma universidade federal do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, totalizando 201 voluntários, e enviado por e-mail e redes sociais. Elaborou-se um questionário com dez perguntas objetivas e alternativas de respostas semidirigidas, envolvendo questões de perfil e expectativas dos acadêmicos. Os resultados apontaram a importância de conhecer o perfil e as expectativas dos acadêmicos para a Universidade, que poderá em equilíbrio com o mercado encontrar soluções de constante aprimoramento do curso.
Assistência fisioterapêutica no pós-operatório de dermolipectomia abdominal no paciente portador da Síndrome de Prune Belly: relato de caso
Authors: Gonçalves Fernanda Souza , Lôbo Alice Guimarães Batista , Mendes Carlos Maurício Cardeal
Published: November 2017

Introdução: Síndrome de Prune Belly (SPB) é uma desordem congênita rara, caracterizada pela deficiência dos músculos da parede abdominal, malformação do trato urinário e criptorquidia bilateral. Um grupo particular dessas crianças se beneficia com as cirurgias de orquidopexia e da dermolipectomia abdominal. A fisioterapia, no período pós-operatório, está indicada com o objetivo de reduzir os riscos de complicações pulmonares. Entretanto existem poucos dados na literatura sobre o tratamento fisioterapêutico na SPB. Objetivo: Relatar a assistência fisioterapêutica no pós-operatório de dermolipectomia em uma criança com SPB. Metodologia: Estudo realizado no Hospital Martagão Gesteira, Salvador/BA. Foi realizado como tratamento RPPI e EPAP. Resultados: Após realização do tratamento fisioterapêutico realizando terapia de expansão pulmonar (TEP), no sétimo dia de pós-operatório a criança apresentou

melhora dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, ausculta pulmonar e reversão da atelectasia. Conclusão: O paciente relatado evidenciou resultados positivos dos parâmetros analisados, desta forma a fisioterapia tem se mostrado benéfica nos casos de atelectasia, contribuindo de maneira eficaz para sua reversão.
Management of two teeth unerupted due to an odontoma: two years follow-up
Authors: Bezerra Tacíria Machado , Alves Thaís Pinto , Soares Thaís Rodrigues , Neto Oswaldo Costa , Costa Maria da Encarnação P. R. , Farinhas João A. , Ferreira Dennis Carvalho , Gleiser Rogério
Published: November 2017

Objective: The purpose of this case report was to describe the successful management of unerupted incisors due to an odontoma in two young girls with history of dental trauma in primary teeth. Case report: The radiographic examinations revealed odontoma-like malformations, which were surgically removed in both cases. In case 1 the crown of the permanent tooth was exposed and orthodontic traction performed and in case 2, a waiting period of at least 6 months for spontaneous eruption of permanent tooth was expected. After 8 months it was necessary the orthodontic traction because the tooth had not erupted. In both cases the correct alignment of the upper incisors was achieved, the final occlusion was satisfactory and periapical radiographs revealed no pathological signs. Conclusion: The satisfactory results confirmed the advantages of these approaches, which restored the esthetics and oral function of these two young patients.
Síndrome de Lesch Nyhan e Odontologia: relato de caso
Authors: Andrade Débora Luzia Santos , Rangel Camila Barreto , Alves Dultra Fátima Karoline Araújo , Dultra Joaquim De Almeida
Published: November 2017

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Introdução: Síndrome de Lesch Nyhan é uma doença ligada ao cromossomo X, causada pela ausência ou deficiência da enzima hipoxantina fosforibosil transferase (HPRT) e que apresenta como uma das principais características a autoagressão compulsiva, como mordedura dos lábios, língua e dedos. Objetivo: Relatar, através de um de caso clinico, a atuação do cirurgião dentista e a conduta de tratamento odontológico para melhoria na qualidade de vida de pacientes que apresentam essa síndrome. Metodologia: O paciente IAS, 06 anos com diagnóstico comprovado de sindrome de Lesch Nyran, associado a presença de retardo mental. Apresentava-se com amputações traumáticas em falanges distais das mãos por auto mordidas, bem como também lesões oculares provocadas pelo próprio paciente. As automutilações estavam progredindo e a mãe referiu que não conseguia o controle do hábitos deletérios, sendo assim, foi-se discutido com os responsáveis legais a possibilidade de remoção de todos os dentes decíduos presentes e com a concordância destes o procedimento odontológico foi realizado. Conclusão: Não há métodos padronizados para a prevenção de auto mutilação, pois existem diferentes abordagens. Há autores que optam por tratamento conservador, outros por abordagem cirúrgicas, onde o cirurgião dentista pode ser chamado a intervir, por meio de exodontias múltiplas, no intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vidae limitar os danos provocados pelas mutilações por auto mordidas.
Tratamento endodôntico de reabsorção radicular interna com comunicação periodontal: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Gesteira Maria De Fátima Malvar , De Jesus Josiele Sales dos Santos
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A reabsorção interna é uma pulpopatia de natureza inflamatória, cujo processo gera uma resposta crônica do tecido pulpar. Com a evolução da doença, pode ocorrer a perfuração da parede do canal radicular, levando a uma comunicação da polpa dentária com o periodonto. Sua etiologia está relacionada a traumatismos, cárie, pulpite, restauração profunda, movimentação ortodôntica, entre outros fatores. Tem ocorrência relativamente rara e possui um curso clínico assintomático até atingir um estágio avançado da doença; normalmente é detectada através dos exames radiográficos de rotina. Objetivo: Demonstrar que é possível obter um bom resultado clínico a partir de um diagnóstico precoce e um tratamento apropriado. Metodologia: Relato de um caso clínico de reabsorção radicular interna com comunicação periodontal envolvendo a raiz distal do primeiro molar inferior esquerdo. Resultados: Obteve-se um bom resultado clínico, permitindo a manutenção de unidade dentária no alvéolo. Conclusão: É de suma importância o diagnóstico precoce, para a obtenção de resultados favoráveis.
Air kerma area product in cone beam computed tomography
Authors: De Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Linhares , Batista Wilson Otto Gomes , Soares Maria Rosângela , Campos Paulo Sergio Flores
Published: November 2017

Objective: to evaluate the influence of FOV in air kerma-area product (KAP) and the constancy of exposure parameters on cone beam computed tomography equipments. Methodology: Two cone beam CT (GENDEX CBX 500 and
  i-CAT Classic) were used and seven exposures with the following FOVs were performed: (A) 14cm x 8,5cm, (B) 14cm x 6cm, (C) 8,5cm x 8.5cm e (D) 8,5cm x 6cm, for CBX 500; and (E) 14cm x 6.cm, (F) 14cm x 8cm e (G) 14cm x 13cm, for the i-CAT. The technical exposure factors (kV, mA, mAs and voxel), remained constant. The dosimetric evaluation was performed with air KAP meter manufactured by IBA dosimetry, model kerma X plus TinO, positioned at the output of the X-ray beam. To evaluate the constancy of the exposure parameters a semiconductor
 (Radcal, Rapidose) fixed in front of the tomography image receptor was used. Result: The KAP values ​​obtained ranged between 360.1 mGy.cm² and 1031.2 mGy.cm². The FOV height had a substantial influence on the radiation dose. Repeatability and accuracy of the tube voltage varied less than 10%. Conclusion: The radiation dose is directly related to the height and inversely related with the FOV diameter; even within the recommended limits, the percentage variation of repeatability and accuracy of kV, for the tomography equipments tested, points to the regular equipment calibration, in order to reduce radiation dose to the patient to a minimum.
Aspectos morfológicos da orofaringe em diferentes padrões esqueléticos
Authors: Cabral Milena Barreto Arruda , Rebello Ieda Crusoé , Souza-Machado Adelmir
Published: November 2017

Introdução: Variações anatômicas craniofaciais e no espaço aéreo são fatores etiológicos importantes na obstrução das vias aéreas superiores, o que pode ocasionar distúrbios respiratórios do sono, como a Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS). Indivíduos que apresentam padrão esquelético de classe II, com retrusão mandibular, apresentam menores dimensões do espaço aéreo, quando comparados a indivíduos com padrão de classe I. Objetivo: comparar o volume e a mínima área axial da orofaringe de indivíduos saudáveis com padrão esquelético de classe II e com padrão de classe I, por meio de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC). Metodologia: Para este estudo, foram utilizadas 42 imagens de TCFC crânio total de adultos saudáveis, que pertenciam ao acervo do curso de Especialização em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial, da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFBA, que seguiram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. As imagens foram avaliadas por um único examinador previamente treinado pelo programa Dolphin Imaging® versão 11.5 Premium (Dolphin Imaging, Charsworth, Califórnia, USA). Para classificar o padrão esquelético, foi utilizado o valor do ângulo ANB. Resultado: mostraram que o volume e a mínima área axial são menores em indivíduos com padrão esquelético de classe II, com uma diferença mediana de 5.379,0 mm3 e 86,8 mm2, respectivamente. A mínima área axial é menor à medida que o volume da orofaringe diminui, pois houve correlação direta entre as variáveis, com rho = 0,78. Conclusão: o volume e a mínima área axial da orofaringe são menores em indivíduos com padrão esquelético de classe II que em indivíduos com padrão esquelético de classe I. 
Avaliação da fase inicial do reparo ósseo após implantação de biomateriais
Authors: Almeida Renata Dos Santos , Ribeiro Iorrana Índira Dos Anjos , Da Silva Marcelo Henrique Prado , Da Rocha Daniel Navarro , Miguel Fúlvio Borges , Rosa Fabiana Paim
Published: November 2017

Introdução: Dentre os biomateriais à base de fosfato de cálcio utilizados como substitutos ósseos, a hidroxiapatita (HA) e biovidro (BV) são bastantes promissores devido à sua biocompatibilidade, união química ao o sso natural e possuir propriedades osteocondutivas. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta tecidual após a implantação de arcabouços de HA e HA com BV em dois diferentes formatos. Metodologia: Em 15 ratos Wistar foi confeccionado um defeito crítico na região de calvária. Estes animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para implantação de: grânulos de HA; grânulos de HABV; disco de HA; disco de HABV; e controle (sem implantação de biomaterial), com eutanásia em 15 dias pós-operatórios. Resultado: Após análise histomorfométrica observou-se que a neoformação óssea em todos os grupos foi restrita às regiões de bordas do defeito, com maior extensão nos grupos em que foram implantados os discos. O disco de HABV favoreceu a uma maior área de matriz osteóide. Os biomateriais com biovidro demonstraram ser mais rígidos e mantiveram-se no defeito, enquanto que os que tinham apenas HA foram degradados rapidamente. Em todos os grupos, a resposta tecidual aos biomateriais foi adequada, com uma discreta reação inflamatória crônica granulomatosa distribuída de forma difusa. Conclusões: Os biomateriais foram biocompatíveis. Os biomateriais em formato de disco favoreceram uma melhor neoformação óssea do que quando em formato de grânulos, independente das composições; quando em formato de disco, a composição HABV, favoreceu uma maior área de neoformação óssea; quando em formato de grânulos, as composições HA e HABV, favoreceram uma neoformação óssea semelhante, em área e extensão.
Produtos marinhos como fonte promissora de fármacos: um foco para ação cardiovascular
Authors: Moreira Bárbara Da Silva , De Vasconcelos Darizy Flavia Silva Amorim
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A diversidade marinha é fonte de extensa variedade de componentes biologicamente ativos, cujo potencial terapêuticotem despertado o interesse de muitos cientistas. A busca pela cura ou tratamento mais eficaz de doenças crônicas, a exemplo das doenças cardiovasculares, têm desencadeado a procura de substâncias potentes, eficazes, seletivas e com um reduzido número de efeitos adversos. Objetivo: Realizar uma busca detalhada de estudos sobre produtos marinhos com potencial terapêutico para enfermidades cardiovasculares. Metodologia: Foram selecionados artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2014 no banco de dados eletrônico PubMed. Resultado: Quarenta e um (41) artigos foram encontrados e 21 foram selecionados para escrita dessa revisão. A lista de referência dos estudos incluídos foi também verificada. Conclusão: Há um crescente interesse pelo estudo de produtos naturais de origem marinha, para busca de novos fármacos com menos efeitos colaterais para o tratamento de diversas patologias, inclusive do sistema cardiovascular. Alguns estudos têm obtido resultados promissores, onde entre as espécies estudas, as algas têm se destacado, principalmente as de cor marrom. Os terpenoides têm sido a classe química com melhores resultados, porém ainda há um longo caminho para a identificação e desenvolvimento tecnológico desses produtos, visando a que sejam eficazes e seguros para o uso em humano.
Proteólise como regulador da atividade biológica de polímeros de laminina: um evento molecular a ser considerado na inflamação e na tumorogênese
Authors: Bacelar Livia , Costa Maria de Fátima Dias , Freire Elisabete
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A glicoproteína laminina é normalmente encontrada em formas poliméricas que constituem o principal elemento formador das membranas basais. Apresenta diversos domínios de reconhecimento celular, sendo capaz de induzir várias respostas biológicas. Em situações patológicas, como crescimento tumoral ou inflamação, a matriz extracelular torna-se exposta à ação de proteases que, entre outros efeitos, podem degradar elementos da matriz. Objetivo: Neste estudo, serão discutidos os referenciais teóricos que norteiam a construção da hipótese de que a proteólise de polímeros de laminina, no contexto da inflamação ou crescimento tumoral, pode apresentar função reguladora associada à manutenção da saúde tecidual. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, realizada a partir da seleção e análise de artigos originais e de revisão, publicados nos últimos dez anos, na base de dados Biblio. Figuras Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (PubMed). Resultado: A aplicação do descritor “Proteólise e membrana basal” possibilitou a seleção de 87 artigos. Entre estes, apenas 12 referiam a proteólise de elementos da membrana basal com descrição de atividade biológica associada eles. A pesquisa, utilizando como descritor “Proteolysis and laminin”, permitiu a seleção de 70 artigos, dos quais apenas 9 estavam associados à questão de interesse. Entre os 9, 4 foram coincidentes com o resultado da primeira busca. Assim, um total de 17 artigos foi selecionado, sendo apenas 11 encontrados e utilizados para a construção do embasamento teórico da hipótese levantada. Conclusão: O presente artigo apresenta o racional e o embasamento teórico da construção da hipótese de que a proteólise de polímeros de laminina, no contexto da inflamação ou crescimento tumoral, pode apresentar função reguladora associada à manutenção da saúde tecidual. Consequentemente, o artigo constitui-se em ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre o tema. O aprofundamento do conhecimento pode ser relevante no campo da biologia celular e do desenvolvimento, como também no campo da bioengenharia, considerando a possibilidade do uso.
The Weighted‐Average Lagged Ensemble
Authors: DelSole T. , Trenary L. , Tippett M. K.
Published: November 2017

A lagged ensemble is an ensemble of forecasts from the same model initialized at different times but verifying at the same time. The skill of a lagged ensemble mean can be improved by assigning weights to different forecasts in such a way as to maximize skill. If the forecasts are bias corrected, then an unbiased weighted lagged ensemble requires the weights to sum to one. Such a scheme is called a weighted‐average lagged ensemble. In the limit of uncorrelated errors, the optimal weights are positive and decay monotonically with lead time, so that the least skillful forecasts have the least weight. In more realistic applications, the optimal weights do not always behave this way. This paper presents a series of analytic examples designed to illuminate conditions under which the weights of an optimal weighted‐average lagged ensemble become negative or depend nonmonotonically on lead time. It is shown that negative weights are most likely to occur when the errors grow rapidly and are highly correlated across lead time. The weights are most likely to behave nonmonotonically when the mean square error is approximately constant over the range forecasts included in the lagged ensemble. An extreme example of the latter behavior is presented in which the optimal weights vanish everywhere except at the shortest and longest lead times.
Navigating the medical physics education and training landscape
Authors: Loughery Brian , Starkschall George , Hendrickson Kristi , Prisciandaro Joann , Clark Brenda , Fullerton Gary , Ibbott Geoffrey , Jackson Edward , Burmeister Jay
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The education and training landscape has been profoundly reshaped by the ABR 2012/2014 initiative and the MedPhys Match. This work quantifies these changes and summarizes available reports, surveys, and statistics on education and training.

Methods

We evaluate data from CAMPEP‐accredited program websites, annual CAMPEP graduate and residency program reports, and surveys on the MedPhys Match and Professional Doctorate degree (DMP).

Results

From 2009–2015, the number of graduates from CAMPEP‐accredited graduate programs rose from 210 to 332, while CAMPEP‐accredited residency positions rose from 60 to 134. We estimate that approximately 60% of graduates of CAMPEP‐accredited graduate programs intend to enter clinical practice, however, only 36% of graduates were successful in acquiring a residency position in 2015. The maximum residency placement percentage for a graduate program is 70%, while the median for all programs is only 22%. Overall residency placement percentage for CAMPEP‐accredited program graduates from 2011–2015 was approximately 38% and 25% for those with a PhD and MS, respectively. The disparity between the number of clinically oriented graduates and available residency positions is perceived as a significant problem by over 70% of MedPhys Match participants responding to a post‐match survey. Approximately 32% of these respondents indicated that prior knowledge of this situation would have changed their decision to pursue graduate education in medical physics.

Conclusion

These data reveal a substantial disparity between the number of residency training positions and graduate students interested in these positions, and a substantial variability in residency placement percentage across graduate programs. Comprehensive data regarding current and projected supply and demand within the medical physics workforce are needed for perspective on these numbers. While the long‐term effects of changes in the education and training infrastructure are still unclear, available survey data suggest that these changes could negatively affect potential entrants to the profession.
Association of Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis With Poor Function, Work Disability, and Quality of Life: Results From the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis Study
Authors: Nikiphorou E. , Ramiro S. , van der Heijde D. , Norton S. , Moltó A. , Dougados M. , van den Bosch F. , Landewé R. ,   the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis Study Task Force
Published: November 2017

Objective

Comorbidities add to the burden of disease and its complexity, and may prevent the achievement of treat‐to‐target goals. The objective of this study was to study the relationship between comorbidities and key disease outcomes in spondyloarthritis (SpA), namely function, work ability, and quality of life.

Methods

Patients from the multinational (22 countries), cross‐sectional Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) Comorbidities in Spondyloarthritis study were included in the analysis, provided they fulfilled the ASAS criteria. Data on comorbidities based on both self‐ and physician‐report were collected through questionnaires and were subsequently used to compute the Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI). Univariable and multivariable (adjusted for relevant confounders) multilevel (with country as a random effect) linear or logistic (as appropriate) regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between the RDCI and functional ability, work ability, and quality of life.

Results

In total, 3,370 of 3,984 recruited patients (85%) fulfilled the ASAS criteria: 66% were male, mean ± SD age was 43 ± 14 years, mean ± SD disease duration was 8.4 ± 9.5 years, and mean ± SD RDCI was 0.7 ± 1.1. At least 1 comorbidity was reported in 51% of patients; 9% had ≥3 comorbidities. RDCI was independently associated with a higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index score (β = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.30, 0.43), lower EuroQol 5‐domain questionnaire (β = −0.03, 95% CI −0.04, −0.02), less work employment (odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.76, 0.91), higher absenteeism (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.34), and higher presenteeism (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.26, 1.61).

Conclusion

Comorbidities in SpA adversely influence physical function, work ability, and quality of life and are important to take into account in daily clinical practice.
Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in Hand Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Weiching , Ruijgrok Liesbeth , Boxma‐de Klerk Bianca , Kok Marc R. , Kloppenburg Margreet , Gerards Andreas , Huisman Margriet , Hazes Mieke , de Sonnaville Peter , Grillet Bart , Weel Angelique , Basoski Natalja
Published: November 2017

Objective

To determine the symptom‐modifying effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in hand osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

In this randomized, double‐blind, multicenter trial, patients with symptomatic hand OA received either HCQ 400 mg once a day or placebo during 24 weeks. The primary outcome was change of pain measured on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included decrease of pain at weeks 6 and 12 and change in Australian Canadian Hand Osteoarthritis Index (AUSCAN) and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 short form (AIMS2‐SF) total scores.

Results

A total of 196 patients was included (placebo n = 98, HCQ n = 98). Mean ± SD age was 58.0 ± 7.6 years, and 86% were female. Baseline mean ± SD pain VAS was 44.9 ± 22.9 mm in the placebo group and 43.2 ± 22.3 mm in the HCQ group. At 24 weeks, change in pain VAS was not significantly different between both groups (imputed mean VAS 42.7 in the HCQ group versus 45.3 in the placebo group after 24 weeks), as was the case in pain VAS at weeks 6 and 12. Changes in AUSCAN total score and AIMS2‐SF total score in both groups were similar between the groups. In total, 24 patients in the placebo group and 21 patients in the HCQ group reported ≥1 adverse event. In the HCQ group, 3 patients reported a severe allergic reaction. Fifteen patients withdrew from the study (5 placebo, 10 HCQ group) due to adverse events.

Conclusion

Treatment with HCQ at 24 weeks is not effective in reducing the symptoms of hand OA compared to placebo.
Asthma in Children of Mothers With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Role of Preterm Birth
Authors: Rossides Marios , Nguyen Cathina , Arkema Elizabeth V. , Simard Julia F.
Published: November 2017

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and asthma share inheritable IgE‐related pathophysiology, but the association between maternal SLE and asthma in the offspring has not been explored. Our aim was to investigate the association between maternal SLE during pregnancy and childhood asthma and examine the role of preterm birth as a mediator of the association using Swedish register data.

Methods

Information on 12,000 singleton live births (2001–2013) was collected from the Medical Birth Register. Childhood asthma was defined as at least 1 International Classification of Diseases–coded visit in the National Patient Register. Prevalent maternal SLE at delivery was identified from the Medical Birth Register and the National Patient Register. Risk ratios for asthma were estimated while controlling for confounders. Mediation analysis was used to estimate what percentage of the total effect can be explained by preterm birth (defined as either <34 or <37 weeks of gestation).

Results

We compared 775 children born to mothers with SLE with 11,225 born to mothers without SLE. Ninety seven children of mothers with SLE (13%) were diagnosed with asthma, compared to 1,211 in the unexposed group (11%). The risk ratio for childhood asthma was 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.16–1.84). In mediation analysis, 20–29% of the total effect of SLE was explained by preterm birth.

Conclusion

Prevalent maternal SLE during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma in the offspring. While preterm birth can explain a fair proportion of this association, additional unidentified mechanisms also likely play a role.
Thermal degradation and combustion behavior of intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene with novel phosphorus‐based flame retardants
Authors: Lu Lingang , Guo Nan , Qian Xiaodong , Yang Shousheng , Wang Xuebao , Jin Jing , Shao Gaosong
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly fire‐retardant polypropylene (PP) with significantly improved fire‐retardancy performance with a novel flame‐retardant (FR) system. The system was composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and novel phosphorus‐based FRs. Because of the synergistic FR effects among the three FRs, the FR PP composites achieved a V‐0 classification, and the limiting oxygen index reached as high as 36.5%. In the cone calorimeter test, both the peak heat‐release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the FR PP composites were remarkably reduced by the incorporation of the novel FR system. The FR mechanism of the MEL–APP–FR–PP composites was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and char residue characterization, and the results reveal that the addition of MEL–APP–FRs promoted the formation of stable intumescent char layers. This led to the reduction of pHRR and THR and resulted in the improvement of the fire retardancy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45962.
Virtual Environment for Social Information Processing: Assessment of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Russo‐Ponsaran Nicole , McKown Clark , Johnson Jason , Russo Jaclyn , Crossman Jacob , Reife Ilana
Published: November 2017

Social information processing (SIP) skills are critical for developing and maintaining peer relationships. Building on existing assessment techniques, Virtual Environment for SIP (VESIPTM), a simulation‐based assessment that immerses children in social decision‐making scenarios, was developed. This study presents preliminary evidence of VESIP's usefulness for measuring SIP skills in children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty‐one children with ASD and 29 control children participated. It was hypothesized that (a) children (8–12 years old), with and without ASD, would understand and interact effectively with VESIP; (b) VESIP scores would be reliable in both populations; and (c) children with ASD would score lower on SIP domains than typically developing peers. Results supported these hypotheses. Finally, response bias was also evaluated, showing that children with ASD have different problem‐solving strategies than their peers. VESIP has great potential as a scalable assessment of SIP strengths and challenges in children with and without ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 305–317. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often struggle interpreting and responding to social situations. The present study suggests that an animated, simulation‐based assessment approach is an effective way to measure how children with or without ASDs problem‐solve challenging social situations. VESIP is an easy‐to‐use assessment tool that can help practitioners understand a child's particular strengths and weaknesses.
Prepare to handle the increasing accountability of athletics directors
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: November 2017

From Penn State to Baylor to Louisville, the potential reach of a collegiate athletics scandal has never been broader, and it's equally clear that any athletics department can quickly find itself in the direct path of hurricane‐force allegations of misconduct.
Recognize, respond to mental health red flags among your student‐athletes
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2017

One in four college student‐athletes experience symptoms of depression, with women's track and field team members experiencing the highest rate of symptoms. And depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems among college student‐athletes.
To succeed as a leader, pay close attention to the followers
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2017

Three decades working in college athletics has taught Jamie Pollard the importance of truly understanding what it means to successfully lead an organization under the watchful eye of the public.
Expanding the Scope of Sortase‐Mediated Ligations by Using Sortase Homologues
Authors: Nikghalb Keyvan D. , Horvath Nicholas M. , Prelesnik Jesse L. , Banks Orion G. B. , Filipov Pavel A. , Row R. David , Roark Travis J. , Antos John M.
Published: November 2017

Sortase‐catalyzed transacylation reactions are widely used for the construction of non‐natural protein derivatives. However, the most commonly used enzyme for these strategies (sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus) is limited by its narrow substrate scope. To expand the range of substrates compatible with sortase‐mediated reactions, we characterized the in vitro substrate preferences of eight sortase A homologues. From these studies, we identified sortase A enzymes that recognize multiple substrates that are unreactive toward sortase A from S. aureus. We further exploited the ability of sortase A from Streptococcus pneumoniae to recognize an LPATS substrate to perform a site‐specific modification of the N‐terminal serine residue in the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide DCD‐1L. Finally, we unexpectedly observed that certain substrates (LPATXG, X=Nle, Leu, Phe, Tyr) were susceptible to transacylation at alternative sites within the substrate motif, and sortase A from S. pneumoniae was capable of forming oligomers. Overall, this work provides a foundation for the further development of sortase enzymes for use in protein modification.
Why the Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Cofactor Needs To Be Covalently Linked to Complex II of the Electron‐Transport Chain for the Conversion of FADH2 into FAD
Authors: Dourado Daniel F. A. R. , Swart Marcel , Carvalho Alexandra T. P.
Published: November 2017

A covalently bound flavin cofactor is predominant in the succinate‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR; Complex II), an essential component of aerobic electron transport, and in the menaquinol‐fumarate oxidoreductase (QFR), the anaerobic counterpart, although it is only present in approximately 10 % of the known flavoenzymes. This work investigates the role of this 8α‐N3‐histidyl linkage between the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and the respiratory Complex II. After parameterization with DFT calculations, classical molecular‐dynamics simulations and quantum‐mechanics calculations for Complex II:FAD and Complex II:FADH2, with and without the covalent bond, were performed. It was observed that the covalent bond is essential for the active‐center arrangement of the FADH2/FAD cofactor. Removal of this bond causes a displacement of the isoalloxazine group, which influences interactions with the protein, flavin solvation, and possible proton‐transfer pathways. Specifically, for the noncovalently bound FADH2 cofactor, the N1 atom moves away from the His‐A365 and His‐A254 residues and the N5 atom moves away from the glutamine‐62A residue. Both of the histidine and glutamine residues interact with a chain of water molecules that cross the enzyme, which is most likely involved in proton transfer. Breaking this chain of water molecules could thereby compromise proton transfer across the two active sites of Complex II.
Refreshing Rubbers as Customized Photothermal Conversion Materials through Post‐Darkening Modeling Production
Authors: Li Ruiting , Wang Zhen , Han Peng , He Yonglin , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Yapei
Published: November 2017

Organic conjugated polymers with low energy bandgaps are emerging as a particular class of near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion materials. However, these polymers routinely possess high phase transition temperatures due to the rigid skeleton and strong intermolecular interactions. Conjugated polymers can rarely be thermally processed at low temperature, especially below 100 °C. This work formulates a concept of post‐darkening modeling production (p‐DMP) by which the thermoplastic non‐conjugated trans‐polyisoprene (TPI) is refreshed into a photothermal conversion material with high light use efficiency. Two steps, including the customizable shaping at low temperature and iodine vapor‐tailored “darkening”, ensure the ease of preparing photothermal conversion devices with desirable topologies. A few characterizations, with the combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, provide reasonable explanations for understanding the “darkening” process of TPI in iodine atmosphere. In particular, the p‐DMP is successfully extended to three‐dimension (3D) printing, opening an avenue to fabricate personalized photothermal products, for example, a sunlight‐directed physiotherapy device for healthcare of articular tissues.
Catalyst‐ and Supporting‐Electrolyte‐Free Electrosynthesis of Benzothiazoles and Thiazolopyridines in Continuous Flow
Authors: Folgueiras‐Amador Ana A. , Qian Xiang‐Yang , Xu Hai‐Chao , Wirth Thomas
Published: November 2017

A catalyst‐ and supporting electrolyte‐free method for electrochemical dehydrogenative C−S bond formation in continuous flow has been developed. A broad range of N‐arylthioamides have been converted to the corresponding benzothiazoles in good to excellent yields and with high current efficiencies. This transformation is achieved using only electricity and laboratory grade solvent, avoiding degassing or the use of inert atmosphere. This work highlights three advantages of electrochemistry in flow, which is (i) a supporting electrolyte‐free reaction, (ii) an easy scale‐up of the reaction without the need for a larger reactor and, (iii) the important and effective impact of having a good mixing of the reaction mixture, which can be achieved effectively with the use of flow systems. This clearly improves the reported methods for the synthesis of benzothiazoles.