bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying the process of psychoanalytic parent–infant psychotherapy: Embodied and discursive aspects
Authors: Avdi Evrinomy , Amiran Keren , Baradon Tessa , Broughton Carol , Sleed Michelle , Spencer Rose , Shai Dana
Published: September 2020

This paper presents findings from an intensive, mixed methods case study of one session of psychoanalytic parent–infant psychotherapy (PPIP) addressing early relational trauma, and aims to shed light on the multimodal interactive processes that take place in the moment‐to‐moment exchanges comprising the therapeutic encounter. Different research methods were used on video material from PPIP sessions, including microanalysis of adult–infant interactions, discourse analysis of talk, and coding systems developed to study parent–infant interaction. These different perspectives were brought together with the clinical narrative to illuminate the complex, dynamic processes of parent–infant–therapist interaction. More specifically, the detailed analysis of one interactive episode revealed brief behavioral manifestations of fearful and disoriented states of mind, reflecting dysregulated interaction between mother and infant, which also powerfully affected the therapist. The processes through which the therapist gradually resolves this rupture are also described in detail. Through this pilot study, we were able to show that it is possible to systematically study the process of PPIP. The study contributes to the growing psychotherapy research literature that takes into account both the verbal domain and implicit, interactional processes in therapeutic practice, and underscores the therapist's comprehensive engagement in the therapeutic process.
Mand compliance as a contingency controlling problem behavior: A systematic review
Authors: Rajaraman Adithyan , Hanley Gregory P.
Published: September 2020

Bowman et al. (1997) described a dynamic contingency in which severe problem behavior was evoked by adult noncompliance with a variety of child mands, which occurred at high rates, and was reinforced by adult compliance with subsequent mands. They discovered this phenomenon with 2 children for whom standard functional analyses were inconclusive. In recent years, similar contingencies have been shown to influence problem behavior, but the manner in which they have been arranged and described has varied across studies. The purpose of this literature review is to (a) describe contingencies involving mand compliance and the circumstances under which they have been evaluated, (b) summarize procedural variations in analysis and treatment, and (c) discuss what is known and yet to be discovered about the contingency as it relates to problem behavior. Future research focused on improving technology for analyzing and treating problem behavior suspected to be sensitive to mand compliance is discussed.
Rutin ameliorates copper sulfate‐induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities in rats
Authors: Arowoogun Jeremiah , Akanni Olubukola O. , Adefisan Adedoyin O. , Owumi Solomon E. , Tijani Abiola S. , Adaramoye Oluwatosin A.
Published: September 2020

Excessive exposure to Copper (Cu) may result in Cu toxicity and adversely affect health outcomes. We investigated the protective role of rutin on Cu‐induced brain damage. Experimental rats were treated as follows: group I: control; group II: Cu‐sulfate: 200 mg/kg; group III: Cu‐sulfate, and rutin 100 mg/kg; and group IV: rutin 100 mg/kg, for 7 weeks. Cu only treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, while rutin cotreatment reversed this decrease. Cu treatment increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide level, and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat brain. Immunohistochemistry showed that COX‐2, iNOS, and Bcl‐2 proteins were strongly expressed, while Bax was mildly expressed in the brain of Cu‐treated rats. Furthermore, brain histology revealed degenerated neurons, and perforated laminae of cerebral cortex in the Cu‐only treated rats. Interestingly, coadministration of Cu and rutin reduced the observed histological alteration, improved inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, thereby protecting against Cu‐induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.
Invalidating childhood environments and nonsuicidal self‐injury in university students: Depression and mental pain as potential mediators
Authors: Holden Ronald R. , Lambert Christine E. , La Rochelle Melissa , Billet Matthew I. , Fekken G. Cynthia
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential mediating effects of depression and psychache (i.e., extreme mental pain) on the relationship between parental invalidation and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in young adults.

Method

A sample of 2474 university students responded to previously validated measures of current NSSI, childhood parental invalidation, depression, and psychache.

Results

Using a parallel mediation model, path analysis using structural equation modeling demonstrated full mediation by depression and psychache of the link between parental invalidation and NSSI.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that the association between invalidating childhood environments and NSSI has the potential to be mitigated by addressing issues of depression and psychache.
A pilot study of neonatal GALT gene replacement using AAV9 dramatically lowers galactose metabolites in blood, liver, and brain and minimizes cataracts in GALT‐null rat pups
Authors: Rasmussen Shauna A. , Daenzer Jennifer M. I. , Fridovich‐Keil Judith L.
Published: September 2020

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a rare metabolic disorder that results from profound deficiency of galactose‐1‐P uridylyltransferase (GALT). Despite early detection by newborn screening and rapid and lifelong dietary restriction of galactose, which is the current standard of care, most patients grow to experience a broad constellation of long‐term complications. The mechanisms underlying these complications remain unclear and likely differ by tissue. Here we conducted a pilot study testing the safety and efficacy of GALT gene replacement using our recently‐described GALT‐null rat model for CG. Specifically, we administered AAV9.CMV.HA‐hGALT to seven GALT‐null rat pups via tail vein injection on day 3 of life; eight GALT‐null pups injected with PBS served as the negative control, and four GALT+ heterozygous pups injected with PBS served as the positive control. All pups were returned to their nursing mothers, weighed daily, and euthanized for tissue collection 2 weeks later. Among the AAV9‐injected pups in this study, we achieved GALT levels in liver ranging from 64% to 595% wild‐type, and in brain ranging from 3% to 42% wild‐type. In liver, brain, and blood samples from these animals we also saw a striking drop in galactose, galactitol, and gal‐1P. Finally, all treated GALT‐null pups showed dramatic improvement in cataracts relative to their mock‐treated counterparts. Combined, these results demonstrate that GALT restoration in both liver and brain of GALT‐null rats by neonatal tail vein administration using AAV9 is not only attainable but effective.
Osteology of the Italian endemic spectacled salamanders, Salamandrina spp. (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae): selected skeletal elements for palaeontological investigations
Authors: Macaluso Loredana , Villa Andrea , Pitruzzella Gaetano , Rook Lorenzo , Pogoda Peter , Kupfer Alexander , Delfino Massimo
Published: September 2020

Salamandrina perspicillata, from Northern and Central Italy, and Salamandrina terdigitata, from Southern Italy, represent a unique case of endemism among the amphibians of Europe. Some efforts were made to study the biology and ecology of these species, but only few studies focused on their comparative osteology. In particular, detailed descriptions of isolated skeletal elements and comparisons with other European urodeles are not available in literature hindering the identification of their fossils that testify for an ancient much broader range. The correct identification of fossil remains, mostly based on careful osteological descriptions, is fundamental to study the evolution of the range of this genus through time and the origin of the current endemic condition. This work is focused on the description of selected skeletal elements (occipito‐otic complex, limb bones, atlas, trunk, sacral, caudosacral and caudal vertebrae) of dry‐prepared skeletons and CT‐scans of wet preserved specimens, which are the most common in the fossil record. We provide osteological comparison of Salamandrina with other genera of Europe, yielding diagnostic characters which allow the identification of fossils at a generic level. No significant differences between the two species S. perspicillata and S. terdigitata were found in the described skeletal elements, thus, the identification of skeletal elements at the species level is, at the moment, impossible.
Presentation of fatal stroke due to SARS‐CoV‐2 and dengue virus coinfection
Authors: Estofolete Cassia F. , Machado Luana F. , Zini Nathalia , Luckemeyer Graziela D. , Moraes Marilia M. , dos Santos Thaysa M. I. L. , dos Santos Bárbara F. , Ruiz Leonardo G. P. , Vasilakis Nikos , Lobo Suzana M. A. , Nogueira Mauricio L.
Published: September 2020

Herein, we report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and dengue coinfection, presented as a fatal stroke in our hospital, in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, a Brazilian city hyperendemic for dengue viruses and other arthropod‐borne viruses (arboviruses) and currently facing a surge of SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. This case is the first described in the literature and contributes to the better understanding of clinical presentations of two important diseases in a tropical setting.
Clinical and laboratory detection of nonpolio enteroviruses among different age groups of aseptic meningitis patients in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Raouf May , El‐din Ola Salah , Khadr Nashwa Abo , Mokhless Nadia
Published: September 2020

Background

Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis. Worldwide, nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) account for 23%–60% of all cases of viral meningitis. We aimed to detect NPEV among aseptic meningitis cases using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and evaluate molecular testing versus clinical and laboratory parameters.

Patients and Methods

A 2‐year prospective study was conducted for all clinically suspected meningitis patients, who underwent lumbar puncture in Alshatby University and Alexandria Fever Hospitals. Clinical manifestations were reviewed; cytological, microbiological, and biochemical examinations were done. One‐step RT‐PCR for NPEV was introduced to a routine workflow using Pan‐Enterovirus primers.

Results

Out of 2519 patients, 994 (40%) patients were found to have positive cerebrospinal fluid findings, out of which 716 (72%) patients had positive findings of aseptic meningitis. Ninety‐four samples were randomly selected and divided across four age groups: neonates, infants, children, and adults. The significant difference was found among adult patients regarding fever, vomiting, headache, signs of meningeal irritation, cranial nerve affection, and focal neurological deficits (p ≤ .05). Seven cases (7.4%) were found to be NPEV positive by RT‐PCR. Positive NPEV PCR samples were shown to be statistically significant among neonates (p ≤ .05). The statistical significance was found among the NPEV group regarding the length of hospital stay and duration of IV antibiotic intake while no statistical significance was found with any clinical or laboratory findings.

Conclusion

RT‐PCR was reliable to identify NPEV while clinical and laboratory findings were inconclusive. NPEV showed low incidence and slight seasonal variation which rings the bell to investigate other causes of viral meningitis throughout the year.
Are the steroids a blanket solution for COVID‐19? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Khanna Puneet , Soni Kapil D.
Published: September 2020

Steroids may play a critical role in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), given the dearth of specific therapeutic options. This review was conducted to evaluate the impact of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with COVID‐19 based on the publications reported to date. A comprehensive screening was conducted using electronic databases up to August 19, 2020. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of steroids in patients with COVID‐19 are included for the meta‐analyses. Our search retrieved twelve studies, including two RCTs and 10 cohort studies, with a total of 15,754 patients. In patients with COVID‐19, the use of systemic glucocorticoid neither reduce mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–3.4, I2 = 96%), nor the duration of hospital stay (mean difference [MD] = 1.18 days, 95% CI: −1.28 to 3.64, I2 = 93%) and period of viral shedding (MD = 1.42 days, 95% CI: −0.52 to 3.37, I2 = 0%). Systemic steroid therapy may not be effective for reducing mortality, duration of hospitalization, and period of viral shedding. Studies are mostly heterogeneous. Further RCTs are required.
Comparing and improving techniques for conductivity image reconstruction in MIT: A simulation study
Authors: Yazdanian Hassan , Jafari Reza
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on comparison and improvements of techniques for conductivity image reconstruction in magnetic induction tomography (MIT). MIT imaging modality is a noncontact, portable, and inexpensive tool. In previous studies, generally, the real part (in‐phase component) and the imaginary part (quadrature component) of the induced voltages have been used in low‐ and high‐contrast conductivity imaging, respectively. However, techniques for conductivity image reconstruction in the middle‐contrast conductivity have not been well‐established in the MIT literature. In this work, the necessity of using both the real and imaginary parts of the induced voltages in MIT is described, and a technique which uses both the real and imaginary parts of the induced voltages for conductivity image reconstruction is presented. This technique includes conductivity image reconstruction in the middle range of conductivity. Results show the efficiency of the proposed technique compared to the previous technique especially in the middle‐contrast conductivity applications and in imaging regions with multitarget objectives with vastly different conductivity values.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Deep Peroneal Nerve
Authors: Becciolini Marco , Pivec Christopher , Riegler Georg
Published: September 2020

Ultrasound is considered an excellent imaging modality to evaluate the nerves of the limbs. The deep peroneal nerve (DPN) is one of the terminal branches of the common peroneal nerve. The DPN may be affected by various disorders, which may be clinically challenging to show. This Pictorial Essay reviews the normal ultrasound anatomy of the DPN and presents disorders that may involve the nerve and its main branches along its course, from proximal to distal.
Estimating Abundance of an Unmarked, Low‐Density Species using Cameras
Authors: Loonam Kenneth E. , Ausband David E. , Lukacs Paul M. , Mitchell Michael S. , Robinson Hugh S.
Published: September 2020

Estimating abundance of wildlife populations can be challenging and costly, especially for species that are difficult to detect and that live at low densities, such as cougars (Puma concolor). Remote, motion‐sensitive cameras are a relatively efficient monitoring tool, but most abundance estimation techniques using remote cameras rely on some or all of the population being uniquely identifiable. Recently developed methods estimate abundance from encounter rates with remote cameras and do not require identifiable individuals. We used 2 methods, the time‐to‐event and space‐to‐event models, to estimate the density of 2 cougar populations in Idaho, USA, over 3 winters from 2016–2019. We concurrently estimated cougar density using the random encounter model (REM), an existing camera‐based method for unmarked populations, and genetic spatial capture recapture (SCR), an established method for monitoring cougar populations. In surveys for which we successfully estimated density using the SCR model, the time‐to‐event estimates were more precise and showed comparable variation between survey years. The space‐to‐event estimates were less precise than the SCR estimates and were more variable between survey years. Compared to REM, time‐to‐event was more precise and consistent, and space‐to‐event was less precise and consistent. Low sample sizes made the space‐to‐event and SCR models inconsistent from survey to survey, and non‐random camera placement may have biased both of the camera‐based estimators high. We show that camera‐based estimators can perform comparably to existing methods for estimating abundance in unmarked species that live at low densities. With the time‐ and space‐to‐event models, managers could use remote cameras to monitor populations of multiple species at broader spatial and temporal scales than existing methods allow. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
An Evaluation of the Presence of Spin in the Abstracts of Tonsillectomy Systematic Reviews
Authors: Cooper Craig M. , Johnson Austin , Gray Harrison , Vassar Matt
Published: September 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Spin—the practice of adding or omitting information intentionally or unintentionally to make the results of a study more favorable—may influence clinical decision making, especially when present in study abstracts. Here, we quantify and characterize the presence of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews regarding tonsillectomy.

Methods

This study is an analysis of systematic review abstracts. Searches were conducted on September 23, 2019 on PubMed and Embase using the advanced search feature to retrieve systematic reviews regarding tonsillectomies. The nine most severe forms of spin were then evaluated. Spin was classified by two investigators in parallel, with each blinded to the classifications of the other. Study characteristics were also recorded in duplicate. Consensus meetings between investigators were held to resolve disagreements.

Results

In the 85 included systematic reviews, at least one form of spin was present in 44.7% (38/85) of abstracts. Journals with higher impact factors were less likely to contain spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews (point biserial correlation coefficient of −0.30). No statistically significant associations were found between the presence of spin and intervention type (P = .56) or adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (P = .08); however, there was a significant association between spin and funding source (P = .03).

Conclusions

Spin was common in the abstracts of our sample of tonsillectomy systematic reviews. Researchers, clinicians, and peer reviewers could benefit from learning to recognize spin in medical literature. Further research is needed into the effects of spin on clinical decision making.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 131:E727–E731, 2021
Antibacterial Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Cao Zhongming , Luo Yue , Li Zhaoyang , Tan Lei , Liu Xiangmei , Li Changyi , Zheng Yufeng , Cui Zhenduo , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Wu Shuilin
Published: September 2020

Bacterial infectious diseases and bacterial‐infected environments have been threatening the health of human beings all over the world. In view of the increased bacteria resistance caused by overuse or improper use of antibiotics, antibacterial biomaterials are developed as the substitutes for antibiotics in some cases. Among them, antibacterial hydrogels are attracting more and more attention due to easy preparation process and diversity of structures by changing their chemical cross‐linkers via covalent bonds or noncovalent physical interactions, which can endow them with various specific functions such as high toughness and stretchability, injectability, self‐healing, tissue adhesiveness and rapid hemostasis, easy loading and controlled drug release, superior biocompatibility and antioxidation as well as good conductivity. In this review, the recent progress of antibacterial hydrogel including the fabrication methodologies, interior structures, performances, antibacterial mechanisms, and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels is summarized. According to the bacteria‐killing modes of hydrogels, several representative hydrogels such as silver nanoparticles‐based hydrogel, photoresponsive hydrogel including photothermal and photocatalytic, self‐bacteria‐killing hydrogel such as inherent antibacterial peptides and cationic polymers, and antibiotics‐loading hydrogel are focused on. Furthermore, current challenges of antibacterial hydrogels are discussed and future perspectives in this field are also proposed.
Transgenic zebrafish for modeling hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nakayama Joji , Gong Zhiyuan
Published: September 2020

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths throughout the world, and more than 0.6 million people die from liver cancer annually. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies to eliminate malignant cells from liver cancer patients are urgently needed. Recent advances in high‐throughput genomic technologies have identified de novo candidates for oncogenes and pharmacological targets. However, testing and understanding the mechanism of oncogenic transformation as well as probing the kinetics and therapeutic responses of spontaneous tumors in an intact microenvironment require in vivo examination using genetically modified animal models. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has attracted increasing attention as a new model for studying cancer biology since the organs in the model are strikingly similar to human organs and the model can be genetically modified in a short time and at a low cost. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epidemiological data and genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), zebrafish models of HCC, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting HCC based on knowledge from the models.
Orthopaedic consultant surgeons perceptions of an advanced practice physiotherapy service in paediatrics: A qualitative study
Authors: O Mir Marie , Blake Catherine , Cunningham Caitriona , Fennelly Orna , O'Sullivan Cliona
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The objective of this study is to determine orthopaedic consultants' perceptions of an advanced practice physiotherapy (APP) service in paediatrics.

Design

This is a qualitative study that use semi‐structured interviews to explore consultant doctors' experiences of an APP paediatric orthopaedic service and its development. Data were transcribed verbatim and subsequently underwent thematic analysis.

Participants

Five orthopaedic consultants in two hospital settings participated, and all of whom had experience of working with paediatric orthopaedic APPs.

Results

Seven themes were derived from the analysis, with all participants in the study identifying factors affecting the development of the service and demonstrating broad support for the APP role, with benefits noted as including improved efficiency of service, expansion of skill mix within the team, positive impressions of the standard of care and improved education and liaison with the families and community practitioners at large.

Conclusions

This paper highlights many of the factors that should be considered when introducing an APP service in an outpatient setting. This study demonstrates consistent cross‐site positive regard in the skill and competency of the APP in paediatric orthopaedics, to enhance orthopaedic services for children.
Waist Circumference Change During Intensive Lifestyle Intervention and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the Look AHEAD Trial
Authors: Olson KayLoni L. , Neiberg Rebecca H. , Espeland Mark A. , Johnson Karen C. , Knowler William C. , Pi‐Sunyer Xavier , Staiano Amanda E. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Wing Rena R. ,   The Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: September 2020

Objective

The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial was a randomized trial comparing effects of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and diabetes support and education (DSE) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. A secondary analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between change in weight and waist circumference (WC) and CVD outcomes.

Methods

Participants (N = 5,490) were classified into four categories based on change in weight and WC between baseline and year 1 (both increased, both decreased, etc.). Separate Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit for ILI and DSE (using group that reduced weight/WC as reference), and time to first occurrence of primary and secondary CVD outcomes from year 1 through a median of almost 10 years were compared. Second, time to first event among all four ILI groups relative to DSE was evaluated.

Results

Within DSE, CVD outcomes did not differ. ILI participants with increased WC had increased risk of primary outcomes, regardless of weight loss (hazard ratio: 1.55 [95% CI: 1.11‐2.17]) or weight gain (hazard ratio: 1.76 [95% CI: 1.07‐2.89]), and had increased risk of secondary outcomes (overall P < 0.01) relative to ILI participants who reduced both weight and WC and relative to DSE participants.

Conclusions

In this secondary analysis, increased WC during the first year of ILI, independent of weight change, was associated with higher risk for subsequent cardiovascular outcomes.
Robust quasi‐time‐dependent control for switched time‐delay systems with performance guarantee
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Jianfeng , Wu Meixi , Xu Zhe
Published: September 2020

In this paper, guaranteed cost control for a class of switched linear systems subject to time delays is investigated, where a nonweighted quadratic performance index is considered. In particular, a novel quasi‐time‐dependent Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function based on a time‐varying positive definite matrix is proposed that is decreasing during the switching intervals and at the switching instants. By exploiting this interesting property, a family of stability condition based on mode‐dependent dwell time is developed to guarantee asymptotic stability of the considered switched linear system. Moreover, design condition for the quasi‐time‐dependent state feedback controller is formulated by extending the stability conditions, guaranteeing asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system and an initial‐condition‐dependent upper bound of the performance index. A computationally traceable optimization problem is presented to minimize the proposed upper bound as well. A numerical example is considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Consider the Top 10 Best Practices for Control Valve Operation
Authors: Carroll Ryan
Published: September 2020

Control valves play a key role in distribution system stability, customer service, and infrastructure maintenance. Operators should expand their understanding of how the valves work with other equipment in the system.
Retracted: Exploring the factors affecting disaster coordination between government agencies and NGOs in disaster relief distribution and rehabilitation activities: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Mahin , Ali Sumran , Khan Tajdar , Reyad Md. Amjad Hossain , Paul Rajesh
Published: September 2020

Retraction: Uddin, MM, Ali, S, Khan, T, Reyad, MAH, Paul, R. Exploring the factors affecting disaster coordination between government agencies and NGOs in disaster relief distribution and rehabilitation activities: Evidence from Bangladesh. J Public Affairs. 2020; e2373. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2373. The above article, first published online on 03 September 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editors‐in Chief, Professor Phil Harris and Professor Danny Moss, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as there are fundamental corrections needed to improve the readability and accuracy of the article. The authors have been offered the opportunity to resubmit a revised version of the article to be peer reviewed and considered for publication.
Impact of inclusive leadership on adaptive performance with the mediation of vigor at work and moderation of internal locus of control
Authors: Qurrahtulain Khan , Bashir Tayyaba , Hussain Iftikhar , Ahmed Shakeel , Nisar Aamir
Published: September 2020

Inclusive leadership (IL) can enhance performance and vigor at work. Through the perspective of affective events theory and social exchange theory, this research investigates the relationships between IL and adaptive performance (AP) with the mediating role of vigor at work (VW) and the moderating role of internal locus of control (ILC). Data were collected in three time lags from employees and their supervisors in the textile industry of Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine the distinctiveness of study variables. The results established that IL enhanced adaptive performance, while vigor at work mediated the relationship between IL and adaptive performance. This study contributes to the leadership literature since limited attention was paid to the role of IL as a predictor of adaptive performance indirectly through vigor at work and ILC at the workplace. Implications of the study are also discussed.
Large variation in assessment and outcome definitions to describe the burden of long‐term morbidity in childhood cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Streefkerk Nina , Fioole Lisanne C.E. , Beijer Josien G.M. , Feijen Elizabeth (Lieke) A.M. , Teepen Jop C. , Winther Jeanette F. , Ronckers Cecile M. , Loonen Jaqueline J. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Skinner Rod , Hudson Melissa M. , Tissing Wim J.E. , Korevaar Joke C. , Mulder Renée L. , Kremer Leontine C.M.
Published: September 2020

We systematically reviewed outcome assessment methods, outcome classification, and severity grading of reported outcomes in studies investigating the burden of physical long‐term morbidity in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

A MEDLINE and EMBASE search identified 56 studies reporting on three or more types of health conditions in 5‐year CCS, for which information was extracted on outcome types and classification, methods of outcome ascertainment, and severity grading.

There was substantial variability in classification and types of health conditions reported and in methods of outcome ascertainment. Only 59% of the included studies applied severity grading, mainly the common terminology criteria of adverse events.

This large variation in assessment and definition of the burden of physical long‐term morbidity in CCS challenges interpretation, comparison, and pooling data across studies. Global collaboration is needed to standardize assessments and harmonize definitions of long‐term physical morbidity and associated outcomes in childhood cancer survivorship research.
The association of family functioning and psychological distress in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer: a nationwide survey of bereaved family members
Authors: Hamano Jun , Morita Tatsuya , Igarashi Naoko , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Family conflict and family functioning were regarded as changeable factors associated with complicated grief (CG) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer, although the evidence is limited. We explored the family functioning associated with CG and MDD developing either independently or co‐morbidly in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer who died in palliative care units (PCUs).

Methods

This study comprised a nationwide cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of bereaved family members of cancer patients who died in Japanese PCUs participating in evaluation of the quality of end‐of‐life care.

Results

A total of 529 questionnaires (69.2%) were returned, and we analyzed a total of 458 responses. A total of 14.2% of participants were considered as having CG, 22.5% as having moderate to severe depression, and 9.6% as having co‐morbid symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that many family members insulted or yelled at one another (odd ratio [OR]: 2.99, p = 0.046; OR:2.57, p = 0.033), and conflict regarding what is meant by a good death (OR:3.60, p = 0.026; OR:4.06, p = 0.004) was significantly positively associated with CG, MDD, and co‐morbid symptom.

Conclusions

Specific family conflicts may increase the incidence of CG, MDD, and co‐morbid symptoms in the bereaved families of patients with advanced cancer. Our results may encourage health care providers to approach discussions about end‐of‐life issue with the patient and their family in advance, especially focusing on what is considered a good death for the patient, which may prevent or resolve the family conflict.
UCSF ChimeraX: Structure visualization for researchers, educators, and developers
Authors: Pettersen Eric F. , Goddard Thomas D. , Huang Conrad C. , Meng Elaine C. , Couch Gregory S. , Croll Tristan I. , Morris John H. , Ferrin Thomas E.
Published: September 2020

UCSF ChimeraX is the next‐generation interactive visualization program from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics (RBVI), following UCSF Chimera. ChimeraX brings (a) significant performance and graphics enhancements; (b) new implementations of Chimera's most highly used tools, many with further improvements; (c) several entirely new analysis features; (d) support for new areas such as virtual reality, light‐sheet microscopy, and medical imaging data; (e) major ease‐of‐use advances, including toolbars with icons to perform actions with a single click, basic “undo” capabilities, and more logical and consistent commands; and (f) an app store for researchers to contribute new tools. ChimeraX includes full user documentation and is free for noncommercial use, with downloads available for Windows, Linux, and macOS from https://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax.
Compensated Ferrimagnetism and Half‐Metallic Behavior in Potassium (K) Intercalated Naphthalene
Authors: Marik Arkadeep , Sarath Kumar Chedharla Balaji , Mohakud Sasmita
Published: September 2020

Metal‐intercalated organic crystals exhibit a large variety of interesting phenomena such as superconductivity, magnetism, and metallic conductivity because of which they could find wide technological applications. Here, the electronic, magnetic, and conducting properties of two polymorphs of naphthalene molecular crystals such as naphthalene‐I and naphthalene‐II are studied within first principle calculations by intercalating a potassium atom (K). The most stable structure of K‐intercalated naphthalene in each crystal phase is identified by estimating the stabilization energy. In naphthalene‐I, the most stable structure of single K atom doped naphthalene shows a fully compensated ferrimagnetic ground state, whereas K‐doped naphthalene‐II prefers a nonmagnetic ground state. The electronic band structure of K‐intercalated naphthalene shows a shift in the Fermi level due to the charge transfer from the K atom to the host molecule, making the system conducting. However, an interesting half‐metallic behavior with anisotropic charge transport along one crystallographic direction is observed in the stable structure of K‐intercalated naphthalene‐I crystal.
Hailstorms in the Alpine region: Diurnal cycle, 4D‐characteristics, and the nowcasting potential of lightning properties
Authors: Nisi L. , Hering A. , Germann U. , Schroeer K. , Barras H. , Kunz M. , Martius O.
Published: September 2020

Nowcasting of hailstorms still poses a major challenge to weather services, because of the limited availability of reliable large datasets and the short spatio‐temporal scales involved. Two novel Eulerian and Lagrangian hail climatologies for the Alps are applied to address important aspects of hailstorms in the Alps: the diurnal cycle, their spatio‐temporal development and the lightning properties. The database contains more than 100,000 ordinary and 30,000 hail storms (2002–2017). Based on that large sample of storms, the diurnal cycle of storm initiation and evolution is studied in the context of orographic forcing and cold‐front occurrence statistics. Results show that, during daytime, storms mainly initiate over the foothills (Prealps) and move towards areas with higher terrain elevations. During night‐time, the storms preferably move from the foothills to the plains. Five out of 16 years of the radar‐derived convective storms show a significant yearly positive hail anomaly, from which two years show relative hail‐initiation maxima evenly distributed over the 24 hour without a characteristic diurnal cycle. Relative hail maxima during night‐time cannot always be explained with a higher occurrence of cold fronts. Time series of storm vertically integrated liquid water content are used to separate ordinary and hail storm development. Differences are found between vertically integrated liquid and its density in cold air‐mass storms. Finally, lightning data from a ground‐based network are combined with the radar‐derived hailstreaks and evaluated with respect to their prediction skill as a function of lead time (flash rate, density, peak current, lightning jumps). Results show that lightning data provide only modest skill‐scores in nowcasting hailstorms. Only the sudden increase in lightning rate (referred to as lightning jump) may be used as additional data for hailstorm nowcasting. However, their application in automatic nowcasting systems remains challenging as the lightning jumps occurs at various lead times in the series.
Massive haemoptysis caused by a long‐standing foreign body in the airway
Authors: Nagano Hiroaki , Maeda Akiko , Kato Takashi , Kitamura Ryoichi , Higashiura Wataru
Published: September 2020

The presence of foreign bodies (FB) in the airway is a potentially life‐threatening event. We encountered a rare case of long‐standing bronchial FB complicating with intermittent massive haemoptysis in a 42‐year‐old man. He denied any prior history of aspiration. The FB was buried deep in the bronchial epithelium and could not be removed using bronchoscopy. Bronchial angiography revealed marked dilation of the inferior lobe branch of the bronchial artery due to the FB. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) was performed, which was followed by left lower lobectomy (LLL). The FB was keyhole‐shaped, composed of a plastic‐like material, with an appearance akin to an ancient Japanese burial mound. This case was extremely unique, since a strange FB remained in the bronchi for a long time, which caused massive haemoptysis due to the dilation of the bronchial artery.
In Situ Carbonylative Synthesis of Aromatic Esters and Formation of Quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones by Chemical Fixation of CO2 in Assistance of Polymer‐Supported Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Dey Tusar Kanto , Basu Priyanka , Riyajuddin Sk. , Biswas Surajit , Khan Aslam , Ghosh Kaushik , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: September 2020

In this work, a functionalized chloromethylated polystyrene supported polymer complex of palladium was designed and synthesized in the three‐step process. The synthesized heterogeneous Pd(DAP‐DEAS‐MERF) catalyst was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays, Elemental mapping, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, N2‐BET adsorption‐desorption isotherm, High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis‐Differential thermal analysis, Powder X‐Ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The calculated surface area of the synthesized Pd(DAP‐DEAS‐MERF) catalyst is 4.018 m2/g and palladium content is found to be 5.16 % from AAS analysis. After this, the synthesized catalyst was successfully applied for the synthesis of aromatic esters and quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones in high efficiency. Aromatic esters were synthesized by the in‐situ carbonylative coupling reaction of iodobenzenes and phenols using chlorofirmand KOH as CO source.In the case of quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones synthesis, CO2 fixation reaction was performed with 2‐iodoaniline derivatives and tert‐butyl isocyanide/cyclohexyl isocyanide under atmospheric CO2 pressure. The synthesized products were identified by 1HNMR spectroscopy after purifying by coloum chromatography technique. In this report, Pd(DAP‐DEAS‐MERF) catalyst proved its efficiency by providing a comparatively better reaction condition than the other reported homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. Additionally, the catalyst isrecyclable up to six times and thermally stable up to 319 °C.
Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on Self‐Driven Deformation Characteristics of Intelligent Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Liang Yunhong , Liu Chang , Xiu Haohua , Chang Yanjiao , Zhao Qian , Ren Luquan
Published: September 2020

By changing printing parameters, a serious of hydrogel actuators with high mechanical strength and multiple deformation were successfully prepared through three‐dimensional (3D) printing. Base on the enhancement role of cross‐linking density of hydrogel inks, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was treated as reinforcement phase to realize controllable regulation of rheology characteristics. With the increase of NFC content, stress and strain values of hydrogels increased gradually. Attributed to swelling rate and gel‐sol transition point, hydrogel with 12 mg/mL NFC was treated as 3D printing ink. The 3D printing parameters significantly affected self‐driven deformations. The hydrogel actuators with 0°/90°, 45°/135° and Archimedes chord configurations owned bending, spiral and twist deformations, respectively. The hydrogel actuators with relative larger length‐width ratio exhibited higher spiral degree. The high precise anisotropic swelling property of printed bilayer structure was the self‐driven deformation mechanism of hydrogel actuators. The combination of hydrogels and 3D printing extended the application of intelligent hydrogels.
Transformable Dual‐Inhibition System Effectively Suppresses Renal Cancer Metastasis through Blocking Endothelial Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Lu , Lv Yulin , Li Cong , Yang Guang , Fu Bo , Peng Qiang , Jian Lingrui , Hou Dayong , Wang Jiaqi , Zhao Changhao , Yang Peipei , Zhang Kuo , Wang Lei , Wang Ziqi , Wang Hao , Xu Wanhai
Published: September 2020

Tumor vasculature and cancer stem cells (CSCs) accelerate the development of metastatic renal cancer. Dual inhibition of vascular endothelium and CSCs is still a challenge due to their different pathological features. Herein, a transformable dual‐inhibition system (TDS) based on a self‐assembly peptide is proposed to construct nanofibrous barriers on the cell membrane in situ, which contributes to 1) reducing endothelial permeability and angiogenesis; and 2) inhibiting stemness and metastasis of CSCs in renal cancer. TDS specifically targets overexpressed receptor CD105 that provides the possibility to modulate both endothelial cells and CSCs for cancer therapy. Subsequently, owing to ligand—receptor interaction‐induced transformation, the nanofibers form a barrier on the cell membrane. For vascular endothelium, TDS reduces the vascular permeability to 67.0% ± 4.7% and decreases angiogenesis to 62.0% ± 4.0%, thereby preventing the renal cancer metastasis. For human‐derived CSCs, TDS inhibits stemness by reducing endogenic miR‐19b and its transportation via CSCs‐derived exosomes, which increases PTEN expression and consequently suppresses CSCs‐mediated metastasis. In patient‐derived xenograft mice, TDS significantly inhibits the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. It also reduces the metastatic nodules in lung 5.0‐fold compared with the control group. TDS opens up a promising avenue for suppressing the metastasis of cancer.
Soil Carbon
Authors: Berryman Erin , Hatten Jeffrey , Page-Dumroese Deborah S. , Heckman Katherine A. , D’Amore David V. , Puttere Jennifer , SanClements Michael , Connolly Stephanie J. , Perry Charles H. , Domke Grant M.
Published: September 2020

Soil organic matter (OM) is a pervasive material composed of carbon (C) and other elements. It includes the O horizon (e.g., litter and duff), senesced plant materials within the mineral soil matrix, dead organisms (including macroorganisms and microorganisms), microbial and root exudates, and organic materials adhering to mineral surfaces. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a very dynamic component of the soil; each year, the amount of SOC processed by microorganisms within the soil is roughly equal to the amount of inputs from plant detritus. The pervasive dynamic nature of SOC is key to the ecosystem service, or “the benefits people obtain from ecosystems” (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2003), that SOC provides.
Identity Theories in Economics: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Anton Mlinar Ivana , Crespo Ricardo F.
Published: September 2020

After the seminal 2001 paper written by George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton, the field of identity economics has increasingly developed. This paper presents a new approach to the definition of economic agents’ identity, sketching first the conditions required for an appropriate notion regarding the identity of economic agents. Next, it summarizes earlier views outlined by Akerlof and Kranton, Amartya Sen, Miriam Teschl and Alan Kirman, and John B. Davis. Finally, it introduces a phenomenological approach – following E. Husserl’s and K. Wojtyla’s contributions – combining ‘intentionality’, ‘position-takings’ and ‘habitualities’ as constitutive features of the experience of the acting personal self, to provide a satisfactory identity concept for economic agents.
How (Not) to Connect Ethics and Economics: Epistemological and Metaethical Problems for the Perfectly Competitive Market
Authors: Safarlou Caspar Willem
Published: September 2020

This paper addresses Joseph Heath’s attempt to derive moral obligations from the conditions that are specified by the model of the perfectly competitive market. Through his market failures approach to business ethics he argues that firms should behave as if they are operating in a perfectly competitive market. However, I argue that this derivation of moral obligations runs counter to the metaethical principle that moral actions need to be voluntarily chosen from a set of alternatives. To the extent that Milton Friedman’s derivation follows the same lines, my objection is also applicable to his approach to business ethics. I bring out the fact that the conditions required by the model of the perfectly competitive market cannot be realized in the actual world and argue that this causes problems for any moral obligations that might follow. My objection is illustrated by an intuitive example of someone set to an impossible task. I also bring in a way that Heath could work around this objection, but I argue that this would imply the collapse of his approach into another kind of theory that he wishes to distinguish himself from. More deeply, I show that my metaethical objection has epistemological consequences that undermine the very basis of the model of the perfectly competitive market. I conclude by stating that we need a different conception of competition, pointing to the facts that such a perspective would need to take into account, and suggesting that the concept of rivalry is up to the job.