bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of glomerulonephritis caused by brucellosis
Authors: parlak Emine
Published: June 2020

Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis in the world. It can affect several organs or systems, of which the genitourinary is the second most common after the musculoskeletal. Renal involvement in brucellosis takes the form of IgA nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, mixed cryoglobulinemia and kidney failure. While the agent can be isolated in urine, renal involvement is rare (<1%). We describe a case of a 58-year-old man presenting with oedema and proteinuria. Brucellosis is considered an aetiological factor in patients presenting with glomerulonephritis in endemic regions. Brucellosis serology may assist with the early diagnosis of this rare complication.
Which psychology(ies) serves us best? Research perspectives on the psycho-cultural interface in the psychology of religion(s)
Authors: Anczyk Adam , Grzymała-Moszczyńska Halina , Krzysztof-Świderska Agnieszka , Prusak Jacek
Published: June 2020

The article concentrates on answering the main question to be addressed, as stated in its title: which psychology(ies) serves us best? In order to achieve this goal, we pursue possible answers in history of psychology of religion and its interdisciplinary relationships with its sister disciplines, anthropology of religion and religious studies, resulting with sketching a typology of the main attitudes towards conceptualising psycho-cultural interface, prevalent among psychologists: the Universalist, the Absolutist and the Relativist stances. Next chosen examples from the field of applied psychology are presented, as the role of the cultural factor within the history of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ ( DSM) development is discussed alongside presenting research on the phenomenon of ‘hearing voices’, in order to show the marked way for the future – the importance of including the cultural factor in psychological research on religion.
The development of English as a heritage language: The role of chronological age and age of onset of bilingualism
Authors: Armon-Lotem Sharon , Rose Karen , Altman Carmit
Published: June 2020

This study explores typically developing bilingual children’s performance in their English as a heritage language. The aim of this study is to advance our understanding of heritage language expectations and the role of chronological age and bilingual exposure. A broad range of receptive and expressive linguistic domains are investigated as a function of chronological age and age of onset of bilingualism. English–Hebrew typically developing bilingual children ( N = 240), ages 60–77 months, were compared to monolingual norms, using seven subtest standardized scores from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-2 (CELF-Preschool-2). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANCOVAs, multiple regression analysis, and post-hoc comparisons were conducted. English heritage language speakers presented with an asymmetric linguistic system influenced by their chronological age and age of onset of bilingualism. Results demonstrated that performance was more advanced for measures that were less reliant on language-specific skills. Measures dependent on grammatical knowledge were vulnerable to limitations but they were within the monolingual norms. In contrast, the lexicon was heavily influenced by bilingualism. These findings contribute to the literature on bilingual linguistic expectations and will have implications for theories of heritage language acquisition and language acquisition in general.
Undocumented immigration in the United States: Historical and legal context and the ethical practice of school psychology
Authors: Sulkowski Michael L. , Wolf Jaclyn N.
Published: June 2020

Anti-immigrant sentiment, policy, and practice are deeply rooted in the US tradition. Because of this, a series of laws have been passed to restrict immigration, which has resulted in millions of children and families being designated as “undocumented”. These individuals reside in the US, yet do not receive the same protections as citizens. Schools, however, have historically been supportive institutions for undocumented children because of various laws and court decisions that uphold their access to a free and appropriate education. Various barriers exist to the successful implementation of these laws and they are often not followed. School psychologists, as professionals with an ethical responsibility to advocate for the well-being of all students and families—regardless of their immigration status—can help overcome these barriers. This article first reviews the historical and legal context surrounding undocumented immigration in the US as it impacts public K-12 education. Second, it details how ethical standards influence the applied practice of school psychology when working with undocumented students and families. Finally, it concludes with a brief discussion on resolving legal and ethical dilemmas.
Organizational Adaptation
Authors: Sarta Andrew , Durand Rodolphe , Vergne Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2020

Organizational adaptation is equivocal. On the one hand, the concept is ubiquitous in management research and acts as the glue binding together the central issues of organizational change, performance, and survival. On the other hand, it lurks around in various guises (e.g., “fit,” “alignment,” “congruence,” and “strategic change”) studied from multiple theoretical streams (e.g., behavioral, resource based, and institutional) and at different levels of analysis (e.g., organization and industry levels). In a novel approach to reviewing 443 adaptation articles that leverages both computational and hand-coded analysis, we produce an interactive visual of the themes most studied by adaptation scholars. We inductively draw out a definition of adaptation as intentional decision making undertaken by organizational members, leading to observable actions that aim to reduce the distance between an organization and its economic and institutional environments. We then review the literature across three main areas of inquiry and six theoretical perspectives that surfaced from our analysis and identify 11 difficulties that have hampered adaptation research in the past 50 years. Our review suggests ways to address these difficulties to enable future research to develop and cumulate.
Adaptation of the British Sign Language Receptive Skills Test into Polish Sign Language
Authors: Kotowicz Justyna , Woll Bencie , Herman Rosalind
Published: June 2020

The evaluation of sign language proficiency needs to be based on measures with well-established psychometric proprieties. To date, no valid and reliable test is available to assess Polish Sign Language ( Polski Język Migowy, PJM) skills in deaf children. Hence, our aim with this study was to adapt the British Sign Language Receptive Skills Test (the first standardized test to determine sign language proficiency in children) into PJM, a less researched sign language. In this paper, we present the first steps in the adaptation process and highlight linguistic and cultural similarities and differences between the British Sign Language Receptive Skills Test and the PJM adaptation. We collected data from 20 deaf children who were native signers (age range: 6 to 12) and 30 deaf children who were late learners of PJM (age range: 6 to 13). Preliminary analyses showed that the PJM Receptive Skills Test has acceptable psychometric characteristics (item analysis, validity, reliability, and sensitivity to age). Our long-term goal with this work was to include younger children (age range: 3 to 6) and to standardize the PJM Receptive Skills Tests, so that it can be used in educational settings and in scientific research.
Factors associated with the development of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis
Authors: Kim Myung Sub , Park Hong Suk , Hyun Dongho , Cho Sung Ki , Park Kwang Bo , Do Young Soo
Published: June 2020

Objective

To identify predictors of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Methods

Fifty-two consecutive patients who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis were included in this retrospective study. In addition to catheter-directed thrombolysis, aspiration thrombectomy or stent placement was performed if needed. At six months, duplex ultrasound was performed to assess iliofemoral patency and deep venous reflux. Post-thrombotic syndrome was assessed using the clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathophysiologic classification (post-thrombotic syndrome present ≥3 on a scale from 0 to 6). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors of post-thrombotic syndrome.

Results

Median follow-up was 52 months and post-thrombotic syndrome developed in nine patients (17.3%). In univariate analysis, stent placement (odds ratio 0.16, p = 0.022) was negatively associated with post-thrombotic syndrome, whereas iliofemoral venous obstruction with reflux at six months (OR 6.08, p = 0.037) was positively associated with post-thrombotic syndrome. Multivariate analysis indicated that stent placement was associated with reduced risk of post-thrombotic syndrome (OR 0.17, p = 0.043), and iliofemoral obstruction with reflux was associated with increased risk (OR 6.67, p = 0.046).

Conclusion

Stent placement and iliofemoral venous obstruction with reflux, respectively, were important protective and risk factors for post-thrombotic syndrome in patients who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis.
Identification of patients with potential palliative care needs: A systematic review of screening tools in primary care
Authors: ElMokhallalati Yousuf , Bradley Stephen H , Chapman Emma , Ziegler Lucy , Murtagh Fliss EM , Johnson Miriam J , Bennett Michael I
Published: June 2020

Background:

Despite increasing evidence of the benefits of early access to palliative care, many patients do not receive palliative care in a timely manner. A systematic approach in primary care can facilitate earlier identification of patients with potential palliative care needs and prompt further assessment.

Aim:

To identify existing screening tools for identification of patients with advanced progressive diseases who are likely to have palliative care needs in primary healthcare and evaluate their accuracy.

Design:

Systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019111568).

Data sources:

Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL were searched from inception to March 2019

Results:

From 4,127 unique articles screened, 25 reported the use or development of 10 screening tools. Most tools use prediction of death and/or deterioration as a proxy for the identification of people with potential palliative care needs. The tools are based on a wide range of general and disease-specific indicators. The accuracy of five tools was assessed in eight studies; these tools differed significantly in their ability to identify patients with potential palliative care needs with sensitivity ranging from 3% to 94% and specificity ranging from 26% to 99%.

Conclusion:

The ability of current screening tools to identify patients with advanced progressive diseases who are likely to have palliative care needs in primary care is limited. Further research is needed to identify standardised screening processes that are based not only on predicting mortality and deterioration but also on anticipating the palliative care needs and predicting the rate and course of functional decline. This would prompt a comprehensive assessment to identify and meet their needs on time.
An experimental study of the mechanical properties of seamless and overlapped stitched composite tubes under hydrostatic pressure, lateral compression, and impact
Authors: Yekani Fard Masoud , Raji Brian , Doan Bao , Brooks Michael , Woodward John , Foster Collin
Published: June 2020

Mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of closed circular preforms and overlapped stitched composite tubes under lateral compression, impact, and hydrostatic pressure were studied. The functional failure pressures of the tubes with different boundary conditions were determined and compared. Stitch at the overlapped zone creates stress risers that lead to premature functional failure at a hydrostatic pressure at ∼1/3 of the theoretical maximum pressure of the tube as delamination occurs at the overlapping region. Seamless tubes reached values close to theoretical operating hydrostatic pressures before leakage was observed at the tube ends. The deflection of the overlapped stitched tube due to lateral compression is less than the deflection in the seamless tube, and it is limited to 5% of the inner diameter using the Spangler equation. Brittle kinks, cracks, and delamination occur in overlapped stitched tubes while seamless tubes regain the shape with limited localized cracks after unloading. The fabric architecture of a seamless tube allows for the reorientation of fiber tows as cracks develop in the matrix, thus resulting in a lesser extent of damage when the tube is subject to impact.
Accuracy of strain measurement systems on a non-isotropic material and its uncertainty on finite element analysis
Authors: Baldassarre Alessandro , Ocampo Juan , Martinez Marcias , Rans Calvin
Published: June 2020

The application of strain gauges as recommended by the ASTM standards provides accurate strain measurements in isotropic materials. However, their use in composite materials becomes more challenging due to their anisotropic nature. In this study, we hypothesized that the use of the distributed sensing system and the three-dimensional digital image correlation, which can average strain along a line and surface, respectively, may account for strain variability in composite materials. This study shows an investigation on the mechanical properties of unidirectional, cross-ply, and angle-ply carbon-epoxy specimens using strain gauges, distributed sensing system, and digital image correlation. The Bhattacharyya distance method was used to provide a preliminary evaluation of the closeness of the three different measurement techniques while the B-basis statistical method was used to analyze the experimental data in order to obtain a more conservative and reliable material parameter compared to the conventional averaged value, recommended by ASTM standards. Finally, a finite element model was created in Ansys Workbench™ as a means of evaluating the implication of a single point strain gauges measurement, versus a line or a surface strain measurement. The finite element analysis investigation was performed at a laminae level using the measured experimental elastic modulus and at a lamina–lamina level in which the elastic modulus of the unidirectional case was used as input in all the laminate configurations. The former analysis showed good agreement between the finite element analysis and all the strain measurement systems with an averaged percentage difference below 5%. The latter analysis showed a higher discrepancy in the measured percentage difference. A comparison between the finite element analysis and the strain gauges measurements showed an overall percentage difference between the range of 10% and 26%. Distributed sensing system and three-dimensional digital image correlation measurements provided an overall percentage difference below 10% for all the specimen configurations with a maximum percentage difference recorded for the longitudinal angle-ply case of approximately 9%.
Pontine Tegmentum Lesions Accompanying Myelitis During an Enterovirus Outbreak: Differential Diagnosis and Outcome
Authors: Bastemur Mehmet , Gocmen Rahsan , Parlak Safak , Yuksel Deniz , Arslan Elif Acar , Okten Arzu Yilmaz , Iscan Akin , Ekici Baris , Anlar Banu
Published: June 2020

Aim:

To investigate etiology and prognostic significance of pontine tegmentum lesions accompanying a cluster of acute flaccid myelitis.

Method:

We retrospectively examined patients from 6 centers in Turkey who manifested encephalitis or myelitis associated with dorsal pontine lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between July 2018 and February 2019.

Results:

Twenty-two patients were evaluated. Ten of 22 (45%) presented with acute paralysis and 12 of 22 (55%) with brainstem symptoms only. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for enterovirus was positive in 2 patients’ respiratory tract. Other etiologic factors were detected in 10 cases. On follow-up, patients presenting with symptoms of myelitis developed motor sequalae although spinal cord lesions on MRI resolved in 5 of 9 (55%). Encephalitic symptoms, present in 17 cases, recovered in 13 (76%), and brain MRI showed complete or near-complete resolution in 11 of 14 (78%).

Conclusion:

Various etiologic agents can be detected in patients with pontine involvement, even in a series collected during an outbreak of EV-D68. Encephalitis has a fair outcome but clinical recovery is slow and motor sequalae are frequent in spinal involvement, irrespective of follow-up spinal MRI findings.
Young people’s perspectives on the symptoms asked for in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey
Authors: Wickström Anette , Lindholm Sofia Kvist
Published: June 2020

Although young people in Sweden report good health, there is an increase in self-reported symptoms. However, there is uncertainty regarding what these symptoms signify. Using interviews with 15-year-olds, this research examines what the symptoms asked for in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey represent. The analyses takes inspiration from a performative understanding of surveys. It demonstrates that while problems such as feeling low and nervousness are reported as poor mental health, some participants refer them to deep-seated problems and others to everyday challenges. The results points to the necessity of reporting from symptom scales with caution to avoid the pathologisation of everyday problems.
Effect of the Al2O3 powder addition on the metal removal rate and the surface roughness of the electrochemical grinding machining
Authors: Yehia Hossam M , Hakim Mohamed , El-Assal Ahmed
Published: June 2020

The integrated electrochemical grinding machining has received wide acceptance in the aircraft turbine industry for the machining of blades, vanes, and honeycomb seal rings. Also, medical devices, instruments and forceps, shells, precision nozzles, instrument coupling, and air rotor motors that produced from stainless steel and new materials have all successfully been accomplished with electrochemical grinding. To improve the metal removal rate and to reduce the surface roughness ( Ra) of the electrochemical grinding at high voltages, an integration between the alumina abrasive jet and the electrochemical grinding machining has been performed. The effect of the Al2O3 abrasive content on the metal removal rate and the Ra of the K110 alloy steel using Everite electrochemical grinding 618 at different voltages, different feed rates, different electrolyte NaCl concentrations, and different depths of the cut were successfully investigated. The results revealed that the abrasive electrochemical grinding was better than the electrochemical grinding results. The maximum effect of the Al2O3 on the metal removal rate was achieved at 5 wt.%. The current density in the machining gap was affected by the addition of the Al2O3, where it was decreased at percentages over 5-wt.% Al2O3. The abrasive electrochemical grinding resulted in lower surface roughness than the electrochemical grinding process.
An analytical model for force prediction in micromilling silicon carbide particle–reinforced aluminum matrix composites
Authors: Liu Junwei , Cheng Kai , Ding Hui , Chen Shijin
Published: June 2020

In micromilling the silicon carbide particle–reinforced aluminum matrix composites, cutting forces can provide a better insight of the cutting mechanism. In this article, an analytical model for force prediction in micromilling composites is developed considering the size effect of the matrix. In modeling, for the matrix, the cutting area is divided into shearing area and plowing area and the removal forces are established considering chip formation and edge forces; for the particle, the removal forces are established based on Griffith fracture theory. The model is verified by micromilling experiments. The influences of the process parameters (milling width, milling depth, and feed per tooth) on the milling force were studied. It shows that the maximum milling force increased with the increase in the feed per tooth and the milling depth and increases first and then stabilizes with the increase in milling width; the average milling force increases with the increase in the three parameters. In addition, the contribution of the particle fracture force is analyzed, and it is found that the contribution of the particle fracture force is affected by the feed per tooth, which basically accounts for about 23% of the maximum milling force and accounts for 23%–30% of the average milling force.
Static analysis of functionally graded plates with a porous middle layer based on higher order shear deformation theory with linear/quadratic transverse displacement
Authors: Dergachova Nadiia , Zou Guangping , Chang Zhongliang
Published: June 2020

In this article, we present an analytical solution for an imperfect functionally graded plate based on higher order shear deformation theory with cubic variation of in-plane displacements according to thickness and linear/quadratic transverse displacement. The developed solution is used to analyze the static responses of a plate with a porous layer to mechanical loading. Two porosity types and their influences on material properties, displacement, and stress behaviors are considered. The network of pores is assumed to be empty or filled with low-pressure air, and the material properties are calculated using power-law distribution idealization in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. The computed results are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed solutions based on comparisons to previously reported analytical and numerical solutions in the literature. We also analyzed the effects of different volume fractions and thicknesses of porous layers on the mechanical loading and mechanical behavior of the imperfect functionally graded plate.
Frequency domain modeling, analysis and verification of electro-hydraulic servo steering system for heavy vehicles
Authors: Zhang Zhizhong , Du Heng , Chen Shumei , Huang Hui
Published: June 2020

The electro-hydraulic servo steering system is one of the core components of a heavy vehicle, and frequency response characteristics of this system are essential to guarantee the vehicle flexibility. However, it is difficult to establish frequency domain model directly for the frequency response characteristics analysis due to the strong nonlinearity of steering trapezoidal mechanism and hydraulic power system in electro-hydraulic servo steering system. This paper proposes a simplified linearization analysis method for the electro-hydraulic servo steering system. By variable substitution defining the load flow and load pressure, and linear fit between double tire angles and cylinder displacement, the original model is simplified to a frequency domain model. Based on this model, the essential frequency response characteristics and the effects of key parameters to electro-hydraulic servo steering system can be obtained. Through the sweep frequency response analysis, the linearized frequency domain model is compared with the nonlinear time domain model and the actual test system, respectively. As shown in Bode plots, the amplitude-frequency phase-frequency characteristic curves of models match well, which verifies linearization analysis method and linear frequency domain model. The key parameters affecting the system frequency domain characteristics are the valve flow gain, the area of cylinder rodless and rod chamber, and the linearization coefficient between the left and right tire angles and so on. The electro-hydraulic servo steering system bandwidth is only 7.38 rad/s (1.17 Hz). This research is helpful for the design and optimization of heavy vehicle dynamic steering system.
Design of non-solenoidal operation of starter motor
Authors: Selvaraj A , Ron Carter SB , Thangavel S
Published: June 2020

A novel design and fabrication of the gear reduction starter motor is proposed. In this proposed configuration, the conventional solenoid of the starter motor is eliminated, resulting in a reduction in the starting current required while cranking, and the weight of starter motor is reduced by making it more compact. Failed/dead cranking and the cost of starter motor are also decreased. The function of the solenoid in the starter motor is replaced with a spring-coupled drive mechanism, which makes the function of the starter motor an automatic process. This replacement will affect the state of charge (SoC) and depth of discharge (DoD) of the battery positively, thereby reducing the battery drain and making it last long.
Magnetorheological semi-active mount system for engines: Prototyping and testing
Authors: Liu Qing , Bai Guo-Dong , Liu Zhi-Hao , Bai Xian-Xu ‘Frank’ , Du Hao , Chen Peng , Qian Li-Jun
Published: June 2020

In order to maximize the controllability of magnetorheological (MR) mount for engines, a novel (MR) mount with an internal bypass (MRM-IB), which provides particular advantages of large dynamic stiffness range, small field-off dynamic stiffness and long available stroke under full vibration frequency range, is proposed and investigated in this paper. The proposed MRM-IB consists of a main rubber spring unit for supporting static load and a MR damping unit for mechanical energy dissipation. The MR damping unit is composed of a piston assembly, a MR fluid chamber and an annular MR fluid channel sandwiched by two concentric cylinders, that is, the inner and outer cylinders. Electromagnetic coil winding is wound on the outside of the inner cylinder and continuous damping/dynamic stiffness of the MRM-IB is tuned by the applied current in the coils. Structural principle of the magnetic circuit of the proposed MRM-IB is validated and analyzed, and the mathematical model of the controllable damping force is then established. In addition, a frequency-based piecewise controller and a fuzzy controller for a specific MR semi-active automotive mount system are designed, and the theoretical simulation and the experimental tests of the system are conducted, compared and analyzed.
Numerical investigation of flow boiling of refrigerant-based nanofluids and proposing correlations for heat transfer
Authors: Abedini Ehsan , Mohammadi Karachi Arash , Hamidi Jahromi Reza , DolatiAsl Kianoush
Published: June 2020

The numerical simulation of subcooled flow boiling of R-113 working fluid has been done for two different nanofluids (R-113/Al2O3, R-113/TiO2) under different volume concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 3%). The numerical results were compared with experimental results obtained by previous researchers, and the comparison shows that the numerical results are in good accordance. Nucleation site density, bubble departure frequency, and bubble departure diameter, which are three key parameters, are investigated in this study. The results express that these three parameters have the highest variation at low Reynolds numbers. The influence of different nanoparticles concentrations on the variation of the heat transfer coefficient is studied. The results indicate there is an insignificant difference between the effect of 1% and 3% concentrations on the heat transfer coefficient that means an increase of nanoparticles more than 1% concentration cannot improve heat transfer. The effect of different non-drag forces such as lubrication force, turbulent dispersion force, and lift force is also studied. Two correlations are proposed for predicting the convective heat transfer coefficient.
Dialogical selves in action: Movements within and between frames in work meetings
Authors: Kuusela Pekka , Hirvonen Pasi , Aromaa Eeva , Eriksson Päivi
Published: June 2020

In our article, we present an analysis of work meeting interactions based on Hubert Hermans’ dialogical self theory and Erving Goffman’s frame analysis. Goffman’s approach has similarities with positioning theory and discursive psychology, which have a theoretical link to the dialogical self theory. In our analysis of work meetings, we identified three different frames in which participants discussed the acquisition of a new online text messaging service for the firm for which they worked. These frames were financial, pragmatic–instrumental, and social, all of which constructed different perspectives of the technological object and its use in daily work. Finally, the theoretical and methodological differences of dialogical self theory and frame analysis are outlined. The contribution of this article is two-fold; it illustrates how dialogical self theory and frame analysis provides, first, complementary approaches to social interaction and, second, how they differ in their orientation to the study of social situations.
Representational measurement theory: Is its number up?
Authors: Michell Joel
Published: June 2020

Representational measurement theory was proposed initially to solve problems caused by disciplinary aspirations of 19th-century mathematicians, who wanted to construe their subject as independent of its applications in empirical science. Half a century later, S. S. Stevens seized the opportunity provided by representational theory’s reconstruction of measurement as numerical coding to rubber-stamp psychology’s own aspirations to be counted as a quantitative science. Patrick Suppes’ version of representational theory rectified defects in Stevens’ theory, making it explicit that representational theory entails that mathematical structure is already embedded in empirical systems. However, Suppes’ theory neglected the fact that attributes, not objects, are the focus of measurement and when that oversight is corrected, it follows that empirical systems sustaining measurement already instantiate positive real numbers. Thus, in measurement, real numbers are estimated, not assigned from without. Representational theory not only misrepresents measurement; it refutes itself.
A rare case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Malkan Umit Yavuz , Albayrak Murat , Yildiz Abdulkerim , Maral Senem , Afacan Ozturk Hacer Berna , Comert Pinar
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation. Herein, we aimed to report a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) case that was presented as HLH.

Case report

A 32-year-old man presented to a hospital with complaints of vomiting, nausea and diarrhea in October 2019. Fever and hepatosplenomegaly was detected in physical investigation. Bone marrow aspiration investigation revealed the hemaphagocytosis. HLH-2004 protocol was started for hemophagocytosis. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MR) revealed no lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow biopsy revealed high-grade B-cell lymphoma, favoring DLBCL. There were no pathologic cells in lumber puncture investigation.

Management and outcome

He was diagnosed with secondary hemaphagocytic syndrome due to DLBCL, and chemotherapy was switched to rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (R-EPOCH) regimen. After three cycles of R-EPOCH chemotherapy regimen, complete remission was confirmed with positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (PET-CT) scan.

Discussion

Our patients’ findings are suitable for six out of eight criteria of hemaphagocytic syndrome. The H-score of our patient was more than 250, reflecting the >99% probability of HLH syndrome. Compatible with literature knowledge, our patient had responded very well to etoposide-containing regimens. In our patient, no lymphadenopathy was detected by physical examination or MR scan, and the diagnosis of DLBCL was only made by the result of bone marrow investigation. In conclusion, herein, we have reported a DLBCL case that had presented with HLH, and clinicians should be aware that B-cell lymphomas may be the underlying cause of HLH.
Routine antiemetic prophylaxis with dexamethasone during COVID-19: Should oncologists reconsider?
Authors: Marinella Mark A
Published: June 2020

The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) has caused unprecedented strain on the global healthcare system, causing thousands of deaths worldwide. Patients with underlying conditions such as cancer are at substantial risk of acquiring and dying from this novel coronavirus. Numerous reports have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes depletion of B- and T-lymphocytes, including CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and is associated with severe illness and death and that patients with higher lymphocyte levels may have better outcomes. Dexamethasone, a widely prescribed antiemetic for acute and delayed nausea and vomiting from a variety of cancer drugs, causes B and T cell depletion, which may augment immunosuppression. Since it seems that lymphocytes are vital in the immune response to novel coronavirus, oncologists should reconsider the routine use of prophylactic dexamethasone in uninfected patients, to avoid inducing lymphopenia, which may increase risk of infection or lead to inferior outcomes if a cancer patient subsequently becomes infected. Since many cancer drugs and malignant diseases inherently cause lymphopenia, further reduction of lymphocytes with dexamethasone should be avoided if possible and if safe and effective alternative antiemetics are available during the COVID-19 crisis.
A complete elastic-plastic spherical asperity contact model with the effect of isotropic strain hardening
Authors: Megalingam A , Hanumanth Ramji KS
Published: June 2020

Understanding the deformation behavior of rough surface contacts is essential to minimise the tribological consequences of contacts. Mostly, statistical, deterministic and fractal approaches are adopted to explore the contact of rough surfaces. In statistical approach, a single asperity contact model is developed and extended to the whole surface. In the present work, a deformable spherical asperity contact with a rigid flat is modeled and analysed by accounting the combined effect of Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, yield strength and isotropic strain hardening rate using finite element method. The results reveal that the elastic, elastoplastic and plastic contact states are highly influenced by E/Y ratio and strain hardening rate followed by Poisson’s ratio. The dimensionless contact radius is an inadequate parameter to explore the combined effect of material properties. For all E/Y ratio and Poisson’s ratio, as the strain hardening rate increases, the dimensionless contact area decreases for the same dimensionless contact load at elastoplastic and fully plastic contact states. As the strain hardening rate increases, the fully plastic contact state is reached at low dimensionless interference compared to elastic perfectly plastic materials for all E/Y ratio and Poisson’s ratio. For a common elastic-plastic material, empirical relations are developed to calculate the contact load and contact area appropriately with E/Y ratio, Poisson’s ratio and interference ratio as input variables. It can be utilised to study the interaction of rough surface contacts for most of the practical materials.
Company-states and the creation of the global international system
Authors: Phillips Andrew , Sharman JC
Published: June 2020

We investigate the nature and significance of the vital but neglected “company-states” in helping to facilitate the move from contained regional international systems to the first genuinely global international system. Historically, actors like the Dutch and English East India Companies were crucial in spearheading the first wave of European expansion in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Conceptually, company-states broaden our understanding of international actors. At a time when intra-European politics favored gradual institutional convergence on the sovereign state, the demands of extra-European expansion meanwhile gave rise to diverse competing institutions. Company-states succeeded in an era of weak sovereign states because of their relative efficiency in managing the transaction costs and principal-agent challenges of intercontinental trade and rule. Conversely, company-states later declined as they succumbed to the effects of sharpening worldwide geopolitical competition, and were displaced by increasingly powerful new European empire-building projects. This argument advances earlier work on the creation of the international system by eschewing Eurocentrism and state-centrism, and foregrounding diversity and hybridization.
Coping with paediatric illness: Child’s play? Exploring the effectiveness of a play- and sports-based cognitive behavioural programme for children with chronic health conditions
Authors: de Jong Nynke Boukje , Elzinga-Plomp Alda , Hulzebos Erik HJ , Poppe Ronald , Nijhof Sanne L , van Geelen Stefan
Published: June 2020

Little is known about how play affects the development of children with a chronic condition. Studying play poses major methodological challenges in measuring differences in play behaviour, which results in a relative scarcity of research on this subject. This pilot study seeks to provide novel directions for research in this area. The effectiveness of a play- and sports-based cognitive behavioural programme for children (8–12 years) with a chronic condition was studied. The children and parents completed a battery of measurement tools before and after the programme. Moreover, the application of automated computer analyses of behaviour was piloted. Behaviour (Child Behavior Checklist) seemed to be positively affected by the programme. An increase in psychological well-being was observed (KIDSCREEN). Perceived competence (Self-Perception Profile for Children) and actual motor competence (Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment) did not show any positive trends. These results of 13 participants suggest that children might learn to better cope with their illness by stimulating play behaviour. For the analysis of the effectiveness of programmes like this, we therefore propose to focus on measuring behaviour and quality of life. In addition, pilot measurements showed that automated analysis of play can provide important insights into the participation of children.
Factors contributing to continuity and discontinuity in child psychopathology from infancy to childhood: An explorative study
Authors: Dollberg Daphna Ginio , Keren Miri
Published: June 2020

This study examined the psychopathology and socioemotional functioning of school-aged children treated during infancy and a comparison group of children without symptoms or treatment history. Our goal was to identify the factors associated with the continuity of psychopathology from infancy to childhood. The sample comprised 54 Israeli children, 30 with treatment history as infants in an infant mental health clinic and 24 with no treatment history. A 2 × 2 study design, with treatment history (treated/non-treated) and current psychiatric diagnosis (diagnosed vs. non-diagnosed), was used and group differences in children’s psychopathology (Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA)), socioemotional functioning (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Second Edition (VABS-II)), maternal stress (Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI/SF)) and psychopathology (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)), family functioning (Family Assessment Device (FAD)), and mother–child relational patterns (Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB)) were assessed. We found no differences between the previously treated and non-treated groups in the rate of given Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis. However, there was an interactive effect of treatment history × current psychiatric diagnosis, with the highest level of maternal stress in mothers of children exhibiting both early and late emotional and/or behavioral symptoms. Implications of these findings for identifying children and families at risk for continued child psychopathology and the importance of early parent–child psychotherapy interventions are discussed.
Helping and supporting hospitalized youth experiencing homelessness: An American perspective
Authors: Beharry Meera S
Published: June 2020

Despite many similarities, there are key differences in the ability of providers in the United States to assist homeless youth compared to their colleagues in the United Kingdom. However, legislation, and strategies to identify and advocate for youth experiencing homelessness can lead to improved health outcomes and other psychosocial improvements for youth. This article highlights, compares and contrasts the systems with a goal of greater understanding and opportunities to assist youth experiencing homelessness in either country.
Is consent causing confusion for clinicians? A survey of child and adolescent Mental health professional’s confidence in using Parental Consent, Gillick Competence and the Mental Capacity Act
Authors: Fenton Clare
Published: June 2020

All professionals engaged in clinical work should be competent to assess consent for the interventions they provide. This study assesses CAMHS clinicians confidence and knowledge in the various forms of consent and the number of minors admitted to mental health units in England under parental consent alone.

An online questionnaire using vignettes of possible scenarios was sent to child and adolescent mental health practitioners in Tees Esk and Wear Valleys Trust. A freedom of information request was used to determine the number of young people admitted through parental consent.

Thirteen of the 20 trusts contacted had no knowledge of the number of young people admitted under parental consent. A total of 93 participants completed the survey. Out of six vignettes, there were two where the majority of responses were discordant with current legal advice. Both of these vignettes considered the use of parental consent for admission to a mental health unit.

This study provides further evidence to indicate that the current consent processes in CAMHS causes confusion for clinicians. There continues to be very few safeguards for children admitted under parental consent, with most trusts in England and Wales having no centralised knowledge of whether this is occurring and the numbers involved if it is.
The role of intuition in vaccination attitudes
Authors: Schindler Julia , Schindler Simon , Pfattheicher Stefan
Published: June 2020

This study tested the idea that faith in intuition (people’s reliance on their intuition when making judgments or decisions) is negatively associated with vaccination attitudes in the U.S. populace. Intuition is an implicit, affective information processing mode based on prior experiences. U.S. citizens have few threatening experiences with vaccines because vaccination coverage for common vaccine-preventable diseases is high in the United States. Experiences with vaccination-side effects, however, are more prevalent. This is likely to shape an intuition that favors refusal over vaccination. Results of multiple regression analyses support this supposition. With increasing faith in intuition, people’s vaccination attitudes become less favorable.
Attentional bias to diabetes cues mediates disease management improvements in a pilot randomized controlled trial for adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Crochiere Rebecca J , Hughes Lansing Amy , Carracher Ann , Vaid Esha , Stanger Catherine
Published: June 2020

For type 1 diabetes management, the role of attentional bias remains unclear. This secondary analysis examined type 1 diabetes attentional bias and adolescent type 1 diabetes management prior to and during a cognitive and behavioral intervention. Youth with type 1 diabetes and above target glycemic control were assigned to intervention or usual care control. Participants completed baseline and follow-up type 1 diabetes Stroop tasks, HbA1c tests, and blood glucose meter downloads. Intervention was associated with greater reductions in type 1 diabetes attentional bias than control, and these reductions partially mediated the effect of treatment on diabetes management behaviors. Type 1 diabetes attentional bias is a potential target to improve type 1 diabetes management.
Item response analysis to explore psychometric properties of the Persian version of Troutman successful aging inventory: Rasch partial credit model
Authors: Seif Mozhgan , Asadollahi Abdolrahim , Yarelahi Mahsa , Rezaian Elham
Published: June 2020

The study aimed to evaluate Persian version of the TSAI-2011 to determine successful aging issues in older adults. In a psychometric study, the instrument was completed by 400 men and women aged 60 and above and the Rasch partial credit model was used. The PCM indicated that items 1 and 20 were misfitting. Also, it successive response categories for all items were located in the expected order and version of TSAI with 22-items had more internal consistency. Although Rasch analysis indicated to relevant of TSAI 22-Items, it should be evaluated in further studies and divergent cultures.
Mindfulness, self-reported health, and cortisol: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Leach Stephen M , Mitchell Amanda M , Salmon Paul , Sephton Sandra E
Published: June 2020

This study utilized a latent profile analysis approach to examine the relationship between mindfulness profiles and self-reported mental and physical health, as well as salivary cortisol levels in a sample of 85 undergraduate students. Consistent with theory, the Judgmentally Observing (high monitoring, low acceptance) reported poorer mental health and exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes than the Unobservant Accepting (low monitoring, high acceptance) and Average Mindfulness profiles. No differences in self-reported physical health, cortisol response to awakening, or diurnal mean cortisol were observed among the profiles. Future directions are discussed.