bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lévy walk of pions in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Kincses Dániel , Nagy Márton , Csanád Máté
Published: February 2025

The process of Lévy walk, i.e., movement patterns described by heavy-tailed random walks, plays a role in various phenomena, from chemical and microbiological systems through marine predators to climate change. Recent experiments have suggested that this phenomenon also appears in heavy-ion collisions. However, the theoretical interpretation supporting such findings is still debated. In high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei, the strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma is created, which, similarly to the early Universe, undergoes a rapid expansion and transition back to hadronic matter. In the subsequent expanding hadron gas, particles interact until kinetic freeze-out, when their momenta stop changing, and they freely transition toward the detectors. Measuring spatial freeze-out distributions is a crucial tool in understanding the dynamics of the created matter and the interactions among its constituents. In this paper, we introduce a three-dimensional analysis of the spatial freeze-out distribution of pions (the most abundant particles in such collisions). Utilising Monte-Carlo simulations of high-energy collisions, we show that the chain of processes ending in a final state pion has a step length distribution leading to Lévy-stable distributions. Subsequently, we show that simulated pion freeze-out distributions indeed exhibit heavy tails and can be described by a three-dimensional elliptically contoured symmetric Lévy-stable distribution.
Preserving and combining knowledge in robotic lifelong reinforcement learning
Authors: Meng Yuan , Bing Zhenshan , Yao Xiangtong , Chen Kejia , Huang Kai , Gao Yang , Sun Fuchun , Knoll Alois
Published: February 2025

Humans can continually accumulate knowledge and develop increasingly complex behaviours and skills throughout their lives, which is a capability known as ‘lifelong learning’. Although this lifelong learning capability is considered an essential mechanism that makes up general intelligence, recent advancements in artificial intelligence predominantly excel in narrow, specialized domains and generally lack this lifelong learning capability. Here we introduce a robotic lifelong reinforcement learning framework that addresses this gap by developing a knowledge space inspired by the Bayesian non-parametric domain. In addition, we enhance the agent’s semantic understanding of tasks by integrating language embeddings into the framework. Our proposed embodied agent can consistently accumulate knowledge from a continuous stream of one-time feeding tasks. Furthermore, our agent can tackle challenging real-world long-horizon tasks by combining and reapplying its acquired knowledge from the original tasks stream. The proposed framework advances our understanding of the robotic lifelong learning process and may inspire the development of more broadly applicable intelligence.
An alumina-modified glassy carbon electrode: a robust platform for accurate nimodipine detection in pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Vanoni Caio Raphael , Goularte Rayane Bueno , Silva Lima Adriano Rogério , Guedes Nicolly Bittencourt , Scheide Marcos Roberto , Bazzo Giovana Carolina , Parreira Renato L. T. , Caramori Giovanni Finoto , Nagurniak Glaucio Régis , Rosso Dotto Marta Elisa , Stulzer Hellen Karine , Jost Cristiane Luisa
Published: February 2025

Cost-effective approach for nimodipine sensing using an alumina-polished glassy carbon electrode and differential pulse voltammetry. It is useful for drug monitoring in pharmaceutical formulations with selectivity and broad linear range.
Native ambient mass spectrometry of membrane proteins directly from bacterial colonies
Authors: Du Yuying , Cooper Helen J.
Published: February 2025

Liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry of membrane proteins directly from living bacterial colonies.
Ion transport and membrane channel formation using a peptidomimetic in droplet interface bilayers
Authors: Paul Raj , Dutta Debasish , Wallace Mark I. , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: February 2025

TBP2, a synthetic peptidomimetic, forms ion channels in droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) and enables efficient metal ion transport.
A high-power lithium–sulfur battery combining a catholyte and a composite cathode
Authors: Barcaro Edoardo , Hassoun Jusef
Published: February 2025

High-power is achieved by concomitantly exploiting liquid polysulfide and a composite cathode in a new Li–S cell characterized by a relevant active material loading, modest environmental impact, and low cost.
Palladium-catalyzed domino cyclization and C–H amination of 1,7-enynes toward N-containing fused quinolin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Li Shuwei , Wang Linqi , Ying Jun
Published: February 2025

A novel palladium-catalyzed domino radical cyclization and C–H amination of 1,7-enynes has been developed for the rapid establishment of N-containing fused quinolin-2(1H)-one scaffolds.
Separation of isomers of chiral thiourea derivatives via spontaneous resolution and rationale of molecular recognition
Authors: Dwivedi Astha M. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Sahoo Suban K. , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: February 2025

Separation of enantiomers of thiourea via spontaneous resolution and rationale of molecular recognition.
Insight into the Co and N statuses in MOF-derived porous carbonaceous materials in catalytic ozonolysis at room temperature
Authors: Wang Kun , Xin Binglin , Zhang Runduo , Di Zhaoying , Kang Bin , Guo Xiaonan , Wei Ying , Jia Jingbo , Wang Zhou-jun
Published: February 2025

The ZIF-67-NC catalyst, formed by high-temperature pyrolysis of ZIF-67, has the highest content of Co–N active sites. The Co–N active sites with the lowest reaction activation energy promote the decomposition of ozone on its surface.
MOF-derived single-atom catalysts with dense zinc and nitrogen sites for efficient CO2 cycloaddition
Authors: Huang Zhijun , Wu Jie , Yan Fengwen , Yuan Guoqing
Published: February 2025

ZIF-8 derived Zn single-atom catalysts with dense Zn and N sites were prepared using zinc powder and melamine as the extra Zn and N sources, respectively. The catalytic activity for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxide improves largely.
A lithium-selective “OR-gate” enables fast-kinetics and ultra-stable Li-rich cathodes for polymer-based solid-state batteries
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhang Yiming , Yao Meng , Li Kang , Xu Lv , Zhang Haitao , Wang Xiaopeng , Zhang Yun
Published: February 2025

A negative OR gate on the surface of lithium rich layered oxide enhances the transport of Li+, making it an ideal choice for solid polymer electrolyte systems.
Thiyl chemistry: cysteine-catalyzed maleate isomerization via aqueous thiyl radical processes
Authors: Kosaka Satoru , Kurebayashi Kentaro , Yamato Naoki , Tanaka Hiroshi , Haruta Naoki , Yamamoto Masanori
Published: February 2025

An electron-deficient thiyl radical, with the reactivity complementary to thiolates, for molecular catalysis of maleate isomerization in aqueous solutions.
Development and challenges of polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on 2D materials
Authors: Yu Liang , Dong Huafeng , Zhang Wei , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Liang Ying , Yao Jiandong
Published: February 2025

Polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant research attention owing to their distinctive architectures and exceptional photophysical properties.
Cutting-edge green synthesis and characterization of novel Ni(ii) and Co(ii) fluoroimine complexes: a multifaceted evaluation of anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Bhatnagar Shivansh , Jain Akshita , Sharma Naveen , Jhankal Krishna Kumar , Fahmi Nighat
Published: February 2025

A novel Schiff base ligand, benzyl 2-(2-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate (L1H), and its Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes (1 : 1 and 1 : 2 metal–ligand ratios) were synthesized using a green, microwave-assisted approach.
Synthesis and properties of a novel fluorescent organogel: AIE, GO hybrid functional gel, and multi-stimuli responsiveness
Authors: Luo Miao , Li Chengpeng , Yan Qing , Wang Sheng
Published: February 2025

A novel fluorescent organogel with AIE properties forms strong gels in various solvents, exhibiting multi-stimuli responsiveness properties.
Regulating the optoelectronic properties of red TADF emitters based on an acenaphthylene-1,2-dione through electron-donating engineering
Authors: Jin Shujing , Ma Bin , Zhou Zhongxin , Pan Jie , Zhao Yongtao , Zhu Weiguo , Liu Yu
Published: February 2025

Doped OLEDs with red TADF emitters ADO-DTPA, ADO-DNPA, and ADO-DBBPA showed emissions at 618 nm, 624 nm, and 626 nm, reaching EQEs of 1.324%, 1.462%, and 1.479%. This work presents a simple method for efficient red TADF emitter development.
Effects of crystal structure of TiO2 on Pd-based catalysts
Authors: Lu Fangxu , Wen Song , Jiang Jie , Zhao Jinchong , Zhang Changsheng , Feng Junjie , Zhang Jing , Sun Bing , Xu Wei
Published: February 2025

Pd/TiO2 catalysts were designed with different crystals to study the SMSIs effects. The temperature at which 90% O2 conversion was achieved on Pd/a-TiO2 could reach up to 150 °C, which is ∼1.4 times (107 °C) that of the Pd/r-TiO2.
Silver–NHC complex as a fluorophore for the selective detection of sulphide (S2−) anions
Authors: Joy Bony Pariyadan , Kannilakkandi Sneha , Kodakkadan Keerthana Vallithoduvil , Srinivasan Siva Kumar , Gudimetla Vittal Babu
Published: February 2025

Silver–NHC complex was found to be a good probe for selective sensing of sulphide anions.
Efficient Piancatelli rearrangement of HMF derivatives under microwave activation or subcritical water conditions to produce functionalized hydroxylated cyclopentenones
Authors: Youssef-Saliba Sparta , Mayet Clémentine , Elslande Elsa Van , Le Goff Géraldine , Betzer Jean-François
Published: February 2025

The HMF was used to prepare precursors for Piancatelli rearrangement. These reactions performed under microwave activation or subcritical water conditions provide functionalized cyclopentenones, which exhibit antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis of novel D–π–A-based photosensitive alkoxyamine: application of two-photon polymerization via nitroxide-mediated photopolymerization
Authors: Nguyen Nam Hoai , Wu Xingyu , Guillaneuf Yohann , Spangenberg Arnaud , Gigmes Didier , Clément Jean-Louis
Published: February 2025

Fabrication of 2D microstructures from a photocurable resin containing a D–π–A-based photosensitive alkoxyamine under a two-photon absorption process and through a surface functionalization step.
Stepwise carbon coated submicron silicon dioxide anode for long life lithium ion batteries
Authors: Man Mengqi , Guo Yong , Hu Tianran , Sun Ying , Yang Aikai , Chen Xiqing , Wang Xingchao
Published: February 2025

The preparation of SiOx materials that exhibit enduring stable cycling performance and high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) through cost-effective methods remains a substantial hurdle.
Visible-light induced direct C(sp3)–H bond disulfidation of saturated N-heterocycles through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process
Authors: Wang Junlei , Gao Guocheng , Shi Chengcheng , Gao Han , Luo Ji , Wei Guofen , Zhang Daohai , Li Hongqing , Yang Tonghao , Huang Binbin
Published: February 2025

We report herein a direct disulfidation of N-α-C(sp3)–H bonds of saturated N-heterocycles, affording a wide range of disulfidation products in moderate to good yields.
Water mediated synthesis of dialkylphosphine oxides from white phosphorus and N-(acyloxy)phthalimides
Authors: Tang Guo , Zhu Xuanlin , He Jiali , Liu Yan , Zhao Yufen
Published: February 2025

The first water mediated synthesis of dialkylphosphine oxides and α-hydroxy phosphine oxides from P4 without a chlorination step and oxidation process is presented.
Selective arrangement of three types of calcium–terbium tetranuclear cores by a thiacalixarene ligand using thermodynamic and kinetic strategies
Authors: Karashimada Ryunosuke , Matsuoka Hironori , Iki Nobuhiko
Published: February 2025

Thiacalix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonate (TCAS) can selectively form three types of heterotetranuclear CaxTb4−xTCAS2 complexes (x = 1−3) with energy transfer luminescence.
Development and characterization of PAN/GO-tyrosine hollow fiber membranes for enhanced heavy metal adsorption and SPME-spectrophotometric detection
Authors: Tarighat Maryam Abbasi , Barghandan Fatemeh , Hashemifard Seyed Abdollatif , Abdi Gholamreza
Published: February 2025

PAN-based fiber membranes have attracted significant attention owing to their potential in heavy metal removal.
Tuning the selectivity of P4 reduction at alkaline-earth metal centres
Authors: Thum Stefan , Townrow Oliver P. E. , Langer Jens , Harder Sjoerd
Published: February 2025

The selectivity of P4 reduction with MgI complexes or CaI synthons can be tuned with ligand bulk or metal choice. Also the addition of inhibitors influences product selectivity.
Polarization and dynamic phases of aligning active matter in periodic obstacle arrays
Authors: Canavello Daniel , Reichhardt C. , Reichhardt C. J. O. , de Souza Silva Clécio C.
Published: February 2025

Obstacle arrays can lock flocking polarization to high-symmetry directions and controllably induce coupled and decoupled lane states of active matter.
Network design for soft materials: addressing elasticity and fracture resistance challenges
Authors: Cho Yong Eun , Lee Sihwan , Ma Sang Jun , Sun Jeong-Yun
Published: February 2025

This review explores network designs that address the trade-off between toughness and elasticity, offering strategies to develop materials with both high fracture resistance and low hysteresis for advanced applications.
Techno-economic analysis of indirect carbonation processes for carbon sequestration using mining waste
Authors: Gomes Katherine Vaz , Woodall Caleb M. , Pilorgé Hélène , Psarras Peter , Wilcox Jennifer
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive assessment of process design, cost efficiency, critical mineral recovery, and CO2 storage in mine tailings.
A BNAlP-heterocycle
Authors: Wellnitz Tim , Wüst Leonie , Braunschweig Holger , Hering-Junghans Christian
Published: February 2025

Combining a phosphaalumene with its lighter congener, an iminoborane afforded a species with a BNAlP heterocycle.
Investigation of the anticancer activity of modified 4-hydroxyquinolone analogues: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Bouone Yousra Ouafa , Bouzina Abdeslem , Djemel Abdelhak , Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Ibrahim-Ouali Malika , Bakchiche Boulanouar , Benaceur Farouk , Aouf Nour-Eddine
Published: February 2025

4-Hydroxyquinolone analogues underwent in vitro cell proliferation test against 4 cell lines. Compound 3g showed a promising IC50 value against HCT116. Molecular docking and DFT predicted key parts of the molecule crucial for anticancer activity.
Expanding the tagging toolbox for visualizing translation live
Authors: Sears Rhiannon M. , Nowling Nathan L. , Yarbro Jake , Zhao Ning
Published: February 2025

Translation is a highly regulated process that includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Tremendous efforts have been spent to study the regulation of each translation step. In the last two decades, researchers have begun to investigate translation by tracking it in its native and live intracellular environment with high spatiotemporal resolution. To achieve this goal, a handful of tagging tools have been developed that can distinguish nascent chains from previously synthesized mature proteins. In this review, we will focus on these tagging tools and describe their development, working mechanisms, and advantages and drawbacks in tracking translation in live mammalian cells and organisms. In the second part of the review, we will summarize novel discoveries in translation by a recently developed nascent polypeptide tracking technology using tandem epitope tag array tagging tools. The superior spatiotemporal resolution of this technology enables us to directly and continuously track nascent chains live and thus reveal preferred translation location and timing, as well as the kinetics of canonical and noncanonical translation, translation bursts, ribosome quality control, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. In the future, we expect more tagging tools to be developed that allow us to track other regulation processes of a protein, such as folding, modifications, and degradation. With the expanding tagging toolbox, there is potential that we can track a protein from translation to degradation to fully understand its regulation in a native live cell environment.
Fast batch gradient descent in quantum neural networks
Authors: Shim Joo Yong , Kim Joongheon
Published: February 2025

A novel batch gradient descent algorithm for parameterized quantum circuits that significantly reduces the time complexity in terms of batch size for training quantum neural networks is proposed. Batch data constructed to quantum random access memory (qRAM) structure is mapped to one circuit that estimates average loss. As the number of circuits decreases, the range to which quantum amplitude estimation can be applied increases, speeding up with a quadratic scale in batch size.
Stochastic optimization of integrated electricity‐heat‐gas energy system considering uncertainty of indirect carbon emission intensity
Authors: Qi Ning , Su Juan
Published: February 2025

The inherent intermittency and fluctuation of renewable energy generation introduce uncertainty in electricity carbon emission intensity, posing challenges to the low‐carbon and economic scheduling of integrated energy systems. To this end, this paper proposes an optimization model for integrated electricity‐heat‐gas energy system operation considering uncertain indirect carbon emission intensity. First, considering the tiered carbon trading mechanism, an optimization framework for a park‐level model is developed. Then, polyhedral uncertainty sets are introduced to capture the uncertainties in renewable energy generation and carbon emission intensity, offering a flexible and intuitive approach to handling diverse uncertainty types. These uncertainty sets are integrated into the optimization problem to enhance robustness. Finally, the uncertainty set‐based stochastic optimization method is introduced to improve the model's robustness, addressing both cost minimization and carbon reduction under uncertain conditions. Case studies using data from a Mediterranean‐region hospital demonstrate the model's effectiveness in addressing uncertainties at park‐level systems and providing robust solutions that balance cost efficiency and environmental impact.
Cryptanalysis of Keyword Confidentiality in a Searchable Public‐Key Encryption Scheme Against Malicious Server
Authors: Zhang Nan , Qin Baodong , Zheng Dong
Published: February 2025

Public‐key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) is a novel cryptographic primitive to resist against keyword‐guessing attacks (KGAs) and preserve the privacy of keywords in both ciphertexts and trapdoors. Recently, a designated‐server PAEKS (dPAEKS) scheme was proposed to withstand KGAs. The scheme was claimed to satisfy both multi‐ciphertext indistinguishability (MCI) and multi‐trapdoor privacy (MTP). However, our cryptanalysis demonstrates that it is insecure against KGAs, where a malicious server (inside attacker) can obtain the information of the keywords embedded in the ciphertext and the trapdoor. As a result, both the MCI and MTP of the scheme are broken. In addition, the paper also shows that it is possible to break the security of MTP, even for an outside attacker. Finally, we also provide a method to fix these security flaws.
The role of the external toroidal magnetic field on the large-angle rotation of magnetic flux ropes
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Guo Jinhan , Guo Yang , Ding Mingde
Published: February 2025

Context. It is accepted that magnetic flux ropes might exhibit large-angle rotation in magnetic configurations, including strong external toroidal magnetic fields. The specific mechanisms leading to rotation still remain elusive, however.

Aims. We examine the mechanisms by which the external toroidal magnetic field facilitates the flux-rope rotation, and we explore potential alternative rotation mechanisms beyond the effects of sheared fields and kink instability.

Methods. We performed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to model the eruption of magnetic flux ropes in a magnetic configuration with and without external toroidal magnetic fields. We compared the morphology, the dynamics, the magnetic topology, and the Lorentz force acting on the flux rope.

Results. The behavior of flux ropes in two simulations is significantly different. The flux rope that evolved without external toroidal fields successfully erupted was accompanied by minor rotation, and the flux rope that evolved with an external toroidal field was confined by large-angle rotation. The evolution of the magnetic topology, the Lorentz force, and the torque showed distinctive patterns in each scenario. Furthermore, the flux ropes in both simulations displayed observable signs of a drifting footpoint.

Conclusions. We reveal that external toroidal magnetic fields facilitate the flux-rope rotation, which in turn releases initial twists and amplifies the lateral Lorentz force exerted on the flux rope. The slipping magnetic reconnection between the flux-rope field lines and sheared-arcade field lines can contribute to the rotation, as does the lateral Lorentz force and the kink instability, which is determined by the initial twist number. Moreover, our result suggests that the initial twist of the flux rope cannot determine the rotation angle. The rotation angle of the flux rope does not strictly increase with the initial twist. The rapid release of the twist number necessitates external toroidal magnetic fields.
Baryonic Ecosystem IN Galaxies (BEINGMgII). II. Unveiling the nature of galaxies harbouring cool gas reservoirs
Authors: Das Sarbeswar , Joshi Ravi , Chaudhary Reena , Fumagalli Michele , Fossati Matteo , Peroux Celine , Ho Luis C.
Published: February 2025

We search for the galaxies associated with the intervening absorbers over a redshift range of totaldetectionzabsmin z using imaging data from DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys and measure the redshift based on the direct detection of nebular emission in the background quasar spectra from the SDSS survey. We find absorbers associated with strong or and nebular emissions, at a $2.5σ$ level. Among them, for absorbers, we detect an absorber host galaxy at impact parameters of detectioniplowkpc ρ kpc, including three absorbers associated with a galaxy pair, with a best-fit galaxy spectral energy distribution model based on multi-passband photometric data from DESI Legacy Imaging surveys, supplemented with the infrared VISTA and unWISE imaging surveys. The detection rate of the absorber host with strong nebular emission in the finite SDSS fibre of a 2--3 arcsec diameter increases from 0.2% to ∼3% with an increasing equivalent width from $0.3Å to ∼$ 3.5Å, which remains near-constant across the probed redshift range. The associated host galaxies exhibit a wide range of stellar mass from le ⋆ /M_ ⊙ with an average star formation rate (SFR) of rm ⊙ . The absorber hosts selected based on nebular emission mostly exhibit active star-forming systems including starburst systems, but with a suppressed SFR. The near-constant absorption strength at low-impact parameters suggests a high gas covering fraction. We find that the equivalent width ( positively correlates with the SFR and specific SFR, likely indicating their wind origin. The average velocity offset between the host and the absorber suggests that the gas is bound within the dark matter halo.
HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XVI. A super-Earth in the habitable zone of the GJ 3998 multi-planet system
Authors: Stefanov A.K. , Suárez Mascareño A. , González Hernández J.I. , Nari N. , Rebolo R. , Affer L. , Micela G. , Ribas I. , Sozzetti A. , Perger M. , Pinamonti M. , Damasso M. , Maldonado J. , González Álvarez E. , Scandriato G.
Published: February 2025

The low masses of M dwarfs create attractive opportunities for exoplanet radial-velocity (RV) detections. These stars, however, exhibit strong stellar activity that may attenuate or mimic planetary signals. We present a velocimetric analysis of one such M dwarf, GJ 3998 (d= parsec ), with two published short-period super-Earths: GJ 3998 b and GJ 3998 c. We use additional data from the HARPS-N spectrograph to confirm these two planets and to look for more. We carry out joint modelling of: (i) RV planetary signals, (ii) stellar rotation in RV and activity indicators through Gaussian processes, and (iii) long-term trends in RV and activity indicators. We constrain the rotational period of GJ 3998 to P_ rot =30.2± 0.3 day and discover long-term sinusoidal imprints in RV and the full width at half maximum with a period of P_ cyc day . We confirm GJ 3998 b and GJ 3998 c, and detect a third planet: GJ 3998 d, whose signal had previously been attributed to stellar activity. GJ 3998 d has an orbital period of $41.78± 0.05 day$ a minimum mass of earthmass$ and a mean insolation flux of earthflux$ . This makes it one of the few known planets receiving an Earth-like insolation flux.
Method of Satisfaction Based On-board Acoustic Comfort Classification and Its applications
Authors: Zhao Huanqi , Chen Ke'an , Li Hao , Luo Jianfeng , Dang Jie
Published: February 2025

Acoustic comfort is an important factor that passengers and crew usually consider for their on-board wellness. The classification is an efficient way to show the level of acoustic comfort on board. Most of the existing classification approaches of on-board noise in different spaces are based on the decibel based indicators which describes the loudness. However, acoustic comfort is not only relevant to decibel based indicators but also perceptual attributes such as timbre and pitch. In order to provide more perceptual support, a satisfaction based classification method for acoustic comfort is modified, determining the limits of the noise in different task-oriented spaces on board. Perceptual assessments were carried out to obtain numerical values for acoustic comfort as noise comfort index (NCI) and measured satisfaction (SM) of each noise sample. Analysis made on these two descriptors indicated that the NCI has a strong relationship with SM. Therefore, satisfaction can be regarded as a basic perceptual guideline to classify the acoustic comfort and determine the limits of each level for each task-oriented space. A linear acoustic comfort model was established to predict the NCI based on the acoustic parameters. Comparison with the previous classification of on-board noise showed that there is a mismatch between the NCI and sound pressure level (SPL), and NCI can not be fully represented by SPL.
Die Ergebnisse der RATS und VATS bei anatomischen Resektionen in der Anfangsphase
Authors: Szöke Tamas , Großer Christian , Schemm Rudolf , Bruckmeier Martin , Hofmann Hans Stefan
Published: February 2025

Die robotergestützte (RATS) anatomische Resektion ist eine neue, aber wegen ihrer
Kosten umstrittene Methode in der Behandlung von Lungentumoren. Das Ziel unserer
retrospektiven Studie war der Vergleich klinischer Daten der anatomischen RATS- und
VATS-Resektionen.

Die ersten 100 VATS- und RATS-Resektionen wurden hinsichtlich Tumorstadium, intra-
und postoperativer Komplikationen, Konversion, OP-Zeit, Krankenhausaufenthalt und
Länge der Drainagebehandlung, postoperativer Schmerzen (numerische Rating-Skala NRS)
und Letalität analysiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Chi-Quadrat-, Fisher- und
unabhängigem t-Test verglichen.

In der VATS-Gruppe war das Stadium I häufiger, das Stadium II seltener (St. I:
73,4%; St. II: 19,2%) als in der RATS-Gruppe (St. I: 65,5%; St. II. 23%; p = 0,695).
Die OP-Zeit war bei RATS länger (213,5 min vs. 190,3 min; p = 0,008), bedingt durch
die An- und Abdockzeiten des Robotersystems an den Patienten. In der RATS-Gruppe war
die Rate der sublobären Resektionen signifikant höher (28% vs. 7%; p < 0,001).
Der Anteil intraoperativer Komplikationen (7% vs. 14%; p = 0,073) und die
Konversionsrate (9% vs. 11%; p = 0,407) waren niedriger bei den RATS-Operationen.
Die Anzahl der entfernten Lymphknoten war in beiden Gruppen hoch, jedoch nicht
signifikant unterschiedlich (VATS: 21,6; RATS: 22,1). Der Krankenhausaufenthalt war
kürzer nach RATS (8,8 Tage) als nach VATS (12,5 Tage; p < 0,001), ebenso die
Länge der postoperativen Drainagebehandlung (5,6 vs. 8 Tage; p < 0,001). In der
RATS-Gruppe waren die postoperativen Schmerzen am 1. und 2. postoperativen Tag
deutlich niedriger ermittelt anhand der numerischen Rating-Skala (1,68 vs. 2,83;
p < 0,001; 0,99 vs. 2,41; p < 0,001). Nach VATS war die Komplikationsrate
signifikant höher als nach RATS (57% vs. 33%; p = 0,001), ebenso gab es weniger
Reoperationen in der RATS- (3%) im Vergleich zur VATS-Gruppe (8%; p = 0,121). In
VATS-Gruppe starben 4 Patienten, nach RATS kein Patient (p = 0,043).

Die robotergestützte Technik ermöglicht anatomische Resektionen zur Entfernung von
Lungentumoren, bei geringerer Konversions- und Komplikationsrate bzw. Letalität
sowie geringeren postoperativen Schmerzen. Die Roboteroperationen zeigen sich somit
als sicher und onkologisch vergleichbar mit den anatomischen VATS-Resektionen bei
Lungenkarzinom.
Re-Intervention nach Mitralklappenreparatur oder -ersatz
Authors: Gröger Matthias , Keßler Mirjam
Published: February 2025

Erkrankungen der Mitralklappe sind im klinisch-kardiologischen Alltag allgegenwärtig.
Versagen medikamentöse Therapien, so erfolgt oft eine chirurgische oder interventionelle
Behandlung. Zwar sind die heutigen technischen Möglichkeiten vielfältig, dennoch ist ein
beträchtlicher Anteil der Patienten im Verlauf von einer erneuten relevanten
Klappendysfunktion betroffen. Hier kann ein erneuter Reparaturversuch erwogen werden,
wobei insbesondere bei voroperierten Patienten ein stark erhöhtes perioperatives Risiko
im Rahmen eines Re-Eingriffs beachtet werden muss. In diesen Fällen können, bei
anatomischer Eignung, interventionelle Verfahren erwogen werden. Umgekehrt kann eine
Dysfunktion der Mitralklappe nach stattgehabter Intervention einen chirurgischen
Zweiteingriff erforderlich machen. Der interdisziplinären Entscheidung im Herzteam kommt
bei diesen stets komplexen Patienten eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu, um das
individualisierte, optimale Vorgehen festzulegen.
Mitralklappeninsuffizienz bei eingeschränkter LV-Funktion
Authors: Kassar Mohammad , Gerçek Muhammed
Published: February 2025

Die Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) ist die häufigste Herzklappenerkrankung bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz (HF) und wird meist als funktionelle Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (FMR) diagnostiziert. Diese sekundäre Erkrankung entsteht durch eine linksventrikuläre Dysfunktion, die zu einer pathologischen Belastung des Klappenapparats führt, obwohl dieser strukturell intakt bleibt. Die resultierende Volumenbelastung des linken Herzens verursacht eine Dilatation und erhöht den Füllungsdruck, was zu einem Circulus vitiosus mit rechtsseitiger Herzbeteiligung führt.

Therapeutische Optionen umfassen leitliniengerechte medikamentöse Therapien, chirurgische Interventionen und interventionelle Verfahren wie die transkatheterbasierte Mitralklappenrekonstruktion (M-TEER). Studien wie MITRA-FR, COAPT und RESHAPE-HF2 haben die Wirksamkeit von M-TEER untersucht, wobei Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Patientenselektion und das Ausmaß des ventrikulären Remodelings entscheidend für den Therapieerfolg sind. Die MATTERHORN-Studie hebt die vergleichbare Wirksamkeit und höhere Sicherheit von M-TEER gegenüber der Chirurgie bei ausgewählten Patienten hervor.

Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Pathophysiologie, prognostische Bedeutung und aktuelle therapeutische Ansätze bei MI in Kombination mit linksventrikulärer Dysfunktion, wobei die Herausforderungen in der Patientenselektion und der Optimierung bestehender Therapien im Vordergrund stehen.
Exploring the Role of Intraoperative Prolactin Levels in Surgical Management of Prolactinomas: Predicting Operative Success and Enhancing Surgical Decision-Making
Authors: Cohen-Cohen Salomon , Michalopoulos Giorgos , Bancos Irina , Gruber Lucinda M. , Neto Carlos D. Pinheiro , Gompel Jamie J. Van
Published: February 2025

Objective Prolactinomas comprise half of all pituitary adenomas. This study explores the significance of measuring intraoperative (IO) prolactin (PRL) levels in guiding surgical decision-making and predicting operative success.

Methods Retrospective cohort study design of consecutive patients with prolactinomas who underwent transsphenoidal resection from June 2021 to May 2023. IO PRL was measured after tumor resection was completed. Remission was defined as normalization of PRL levels during follow-up without medication. Outcomes included factors associated with remission, utilizing significance thresholds at p < 0.05.

Results Thirteen patients were included with a 5.3-month median follow-up (range, 3–15 months). Most of the tumors were microadenomas (61%), with a median preoperative PRL level of 116 ng/mL (range, 25–471). Gross total resection was achieved in 69% of patients, all of whom attained remission. The median IO PRL was 19.8 ng/mL (range, 1–329), the postoperative day 1 PRL of 3.6 ng/mL (range, 1–203), and the latest PRL at 9.3 ng/mL (range, 1–137). A ≥40% decline in IO PRL from baseline was identified as the optimal cutoff for predicting biochemical remission, with 89% sensitivity, 75% specificity, and 85% accuracy.

Conclusion Monitoring PRL levels intraoperatively may be a useful biomarker aiding surgeon's assessment of the extent of tumor resection and guide surgical decision-making. Further refinement of the immunoassay assay and clinical testing with more extensive prospective studies are needed.
A Guide to Intracranial Bypass Suture
Authors: Ajmera Sonia , Kvint Svetlana , Graffeo Christopher S. , Barbosa Ronald R. , Srinivasan Visish M.
Published: February 2025

Introduction Cerebrovascular bypass surgery is technically demanding, with dozens of modifiable parameters influencing operative decision-making. Thoughtful selection of needle and suture materials is critical to success in these operations.

Methods Based on the authors' experiences and existing literature, a brief guide to needle and suture selection is provided.

Results Recommendations for needle and suture have taken into consideration key features of bypass constructs, such as bypass type, vessel caliber, and working space. Specific suture and needle are highlighted from two of the most common industry suppliers.

Conclusion This guide synthesizes clinical insights and practical guidelines to support neurosurgical trainees and practitioners in mastering cerebrovascular bypass techniques.
Selective neurectomy of the facial nerve with cross face nerve graft for treating post-paralytic facial nerve syndrome
Authors: Nakao Ko , Fujii Takako , Sakuma Hisashi
Published: February 2025

Although post-paralytic facial nerve syndrome (PFS) is a frequent sequela of partial facial palsy, no effective treatment is currently available. Herein, we report a case of a cross-face nerve graft technique with selective neurectomy of the facial nerve in a 52-year-old female with moderate PFS (especially oral-ocular synkinesis and facial contracture) and a House–Brackmann score grade III. Selective neurectomy resulted in the release of the synkinesis and contractures. Furthermore, we reinnervated the levator muscles of the upper lip and oral commissure by connecting contralateral facial nerve to the thick zygomatic branch of the facial nerve via a cross-face nerve graft, which allowed neural augmentation of the “smile muscle.” No obvious PFS recurrence was observed one year postoperatively. This procedure is expected to provide a new treatment option for improving PFS because it is effective and less invasive.
Epidemiology of Cancer Incidence Estimates and Statistics 2000–2025: Analysis from National Cancer Registry Programme in India
Authors: Vemula Sadanandam , Dhakshanamoorthy Kalpanapriya
Published: February 2025

Introduction Several hospital-based and population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) have been collecting cancer data systematically since 1982, according to the National Cancer Registry Programme-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, an initiative of the Indian Council of Medical Research.

Objective Planning, observing, and assessing cancer control efforts require knowledge of current cancer statistics. This article's goal is to provide an update on cancer incidence projections for India by age groups, sex, and anatomical sites for the period 2020 to 2025.

Materials and Methods The cancer incidence, patterns, trends, projections, and mortality from 28 PBCRs were analyzed in this study, along with the kind of therapy and stage of presentation of cancer patients from 58 HBCRs (N = 667,666) from the pooled analysis for the composite period 2012 to 2016. Data regarding the population at risk were obtained from the Indian Census (2001 and 2011) to estimate the age- and sex-stratified population. To gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of cancer, the states and areas of the nation were divided into PBCR groups.

Result For both males and females, the districts with the highest age-adjusted incidence rates were Aizawl (269.4) and Papum Pare (219.8). It is anticipated that there will be 1392,179 cancer patients in India by 2020 and 1569,793 by 2025. In Delhi, the northern region of India, the incidence rates of tobacco-related malignancies were high (62.1% for men and 18.5% for women). High incidence rates were seen in the southern districts of Kollam (males: 52.9) and Bangalore (20.1), respectively. Age-adjusted rates (AARs) for males and females in Kolkata, East, were 42.3 and 13.7, respectively. Western cities with high AARs were Mumbai (18.2) and Ahmedabad Urban (54.3) for men and women, respectively. For lung cancer, in terms of male and female incidence rates, Aizawl district ranked highest at 38.8 and 37.9 per 100,000, respectively.

Conclusion This study offers a methodology for evaluating cancer trends and status in India. To meet the national targets for noncommunicable diseases and the sustainable development goals, it will direct adequate support for action to boost efforts to promote cancer prevention and control.
Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Radiotherapy Dose Escalation in Oral Cavity Cancer Patients with Positive Margins: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Sarawagi Rashmi , Padmanabhan Aravind , Prajapati Raju , Gupta Manish , Das Saikat , Kharade Vipin , Tiwari Arnav , Reddy B. Srinivas , Shrivastava Neelesh , Pasricha Rajesh
Published: February 2025

Introduction This study aimed to determine the impact of postoperative (PO) radiotherapy (RT) dose escalation in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients with positive margin (PM) in terms of local control (LC), duration of RT interruption, and toxicity in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods Patients with OCSCC who were candidates for adjuvant RT were categorized into PM and negative margin (NM) arms depending on the margin status as per the histopathology report retrospectively. PM and NM patients received a total dose of 66 Gy to the site of the PM and 60 Gy for the NM. LC, acute and chronic toxicities, and duration of RT interruption were evaluated.

Results A total of 56 patients were included in the study, of whom 39 had NM and 17 had PM. After propensity score matching, 11 patients were matched in each arm. The mean duration of RT treatment in the PM and NM arms were 49.5 days (standard deviation [SD] = 5.4) and 50.7 days (SD = 10.15) (p = 0.3), with mean interruptions of 3.9 days (SD = 3.9) and 3.8 days (SD = 6.2), respectively (p = 0.39). LC was 72.7% in the PM arm and 81.8% in the NM arm (p = 0.6). Acute and chronic toxicities were comparable between the two arms.

Conclusion Dose escalation to 66 Gy for PM during adjuvant RT for PO OCSCC can be used as an alternative strategy to reresection, especially in patients who have poor performance status, who have negative consent for surgery, and who have more than one adverse prognostic factor with comparable LC and toxicity as in the NM. However, further prospective studies are needed to establish its role as an alternative, which is highly unlikely in modern oncology practice, as PM patients are rarely seen in clinics currently with good surgical oncology practices.
1.2 Deoxyfluorination of Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Joosten A. , Brioche J.
Published: February 2025

The selective incorporation of fluoroalkyl motifs into complex organic molecules represents a significant challenge in fluorine chemistry. Among the various methods allowing the synthesis of alkyl fluorides, the deoxyfluorination of aliphatic alcohols remains one of the most practical, especially because substrates are readily available. This transformation has been popularized by the use of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) and N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (Deoxo-Fluor) reagents. However, the safety and chemoselectivity issues related to these reagents have led to the development of innovative reagents and protocols to perform this key reaction. This review aims to highlight the recent progress made in the field of deoxyfluorination of aliphatic alcohols and to provide the reader with useful guidelines with a view to performing such a transformation.
1.4 Recent Developments in Enantioselective Fluorination
Authors: Arimitsu S. , Cahard D.
Published: February 2025

This review describes the main advances in enantioselective fluorination over the last decade, while also recalling early developments in this area. Three strategies have been employed to achieve concomitant introduction of a fluorine atom by C(sp3)—F bond formation with stereocon-trol at the same carbon center: (1) the use of chiral fluorinating agents, (2) diverse organocatalytic approaches, and (3) transition-metal-catalyzed fluorinations. These complementary strategies ap-ply to both electrophilic and nucleophilic fluorinations.
1.3 Synthesis of Small Fluorinated Carbocycles
Authors: Peyrical L. C. , Charette A. B.
Published: February 2025

Small carbocycles, such as three- and four-membered rings, are highly strained motifs that represent an interesting class of organic compounds. Fluorinated analogs of these scaffolds, combining the attractive features of both small carbocycles and fluorinated groups, have been studied for several decades, particularly in the field of medicinal chemistry. In recent years, several interesting achievements and new developments have been reported in the synthesis of small fluorinated carbocycles. In particular, various fluorinated substituents have found increasing significance, such as the fluoromethyl group (CFH2), the difluoromethyl group (CF2H), the trifluoromethyl group (CF3), and the pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group. Reviewed herein are synthetic strategies developed between 2017 and 2024 to afford three- and four-membered rings with these emerging fluorinated substituents.
Does renewable energy reduce energy intensity? A matter of income inequality
Authors: Li Rongrong , Yang Zhuang , Wang Qiang
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the complex relationships between income inequality, renewable energy utilization, and energy efficiency across 104 countries from 2010 to 2020. By employing the Panel Threshold Model and Unconditional Quantile Regression based on the Re-centered Influence Function, the analysis focuses on the moderating role of income inequality in shaping the impact of renewable energy consumption on energy intensity. The results indicate a nonlinear relationship, driven by a single-threshold effect of income inequality. In contexts with low income inequality, renewable energy consumption significantly reduces energy intensity, demonstrating its potential to enhance energy efficiency. However, as income inequality increases, this positive association weakens, suggesting that income inequality can act as a barrier to achieving energy-efficient economies. The study further highlights substantial variations across regions and income levels. In high-income economies, greater financial resources enable more widespread adoption of renewable energy, mitigating the adverse effects of income inequality on energy efficiency. By contrast, in middle-income countries, severe income disparities erode the ability of renewable energy to contribute meaningfully to reducing energy intensity. These findings suggest that by incorporating equity considerations into energy strategies, nations can strengthen the synergy between renewable energy adoption and energy efficiency, fostering progress across diverse economies.
Spectroscopic studies of conformational polymorphism in 4-methylphenol
Authors: Baran J. , Davydova N. A. , Drozd M. , Reznichenko V. Ya.
Published: February 2025

In this work, conformational polymorphism in 4-methylphenol has been studied using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The first time we have received the FTIR spectra of the stable and two metastable phases of 4-methylphenol and their temperature dependencies at temperatures from 300 to 12 K in the spectral region of the methyl group (CH3) deformation vibrations. Analysis of the FTIR spectra showed that there are significant differences in the position and shape of the bands related to the deformation bending β(CH3) and rocking ω(CH3) vibrations when passing from one polymorph to another. A particular feature of the methyl group in the 4-methylphenol molecule is that it does not take part in hydrogen bonding interaction. This made it possible to relate the observed changes in the FTIR spectra with changes in the geometrical parameters of the 4-methylphenol molecule. This in turn allowed us to conclude that the polymorphs under study consist of different conformers of 4-methylphenol molecule.
Three-layer optical sensor “prism–metal–water suspension of inclusions” based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Suprun A. D. , Shmeleva L. V.
Published: February 2025

An optical scheme of the Kretchman type is considered, in which the receptor layer and the analyte layer bordering the metal (gold) nanolayer do not exist separately but represent a single receptor-analyte layer in the form of an aqueous suspension of microinclusions. The presence of microinclusions forms the effective dielectric constant of the suspension, which is different from the dielectric constant of the components (water and inclusions). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) consists in the possibility of determining the resonance wavelength and resonance angle of incidence from the minimum of the reflection coefficient and significantly depend on the sign, in this case, of the effective dielectric constant of the suspension. Therefore, in this study, the main attention was devoted to the effective permittivity sign of the suspension, since the SPR exists only at its positive values. The influence of two factors on the effective dielectric constant was investigated. These are the concentration of inclusions to the aqueous suspension and their dielectric constants. It is shown that for protein and nucleic inclusions, the effective dielectric constant cannot be negative for any concentrations if the dielectric properties of the inclusions are considered to be exclusively real. However, the real part of the dielectric constant of protein and nucleic molecules varies from −1 to ≈2.5, depending on the length of the molecular chain. Therefore, a study of the effect of the real part of the dielectric constant of such inclusions on the effective dielectric constant of the suspension for several actual concentration values was also conducted. It is confirmed that for protein and nucleic inclusions, in the general case, the effective dielectric constant of the suspension can also be only positive and the SPR is implemented at any concentration in the selected range (concentration > 10%). It is also shown that for inclusions with a purely negative (< –1) real part of the dielectric constant, negative values of the effective dielectric constant of the suspension can also be realized.