bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication, properties, and failure of composite sandwiches made with sheet extrusion method
Authors: Lin Mei-Chen , Lin Jia-Horng , Lin Jan-Yi , Lin Ting An , Lou Ching-Wen
Published: April 2018

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are commonly used in different fields because the evenly distributed fibers in polymer can efficiently transmit the load of a force and mechanically reinforce the polymer matrices. This study proposes producing composite sandwiches using thermoplastic polyurethane sheets as the top and bottom layers and a polypropylene/Kevlar nonwoven fabric the interlayer. Thermoplastic polyurethane sheets and a polypropylene/Kevlar nonwoven fabric are combined using the sheet extrusion method, during which the polypropylene staple fibers are melted and firmly bond the thermoplastic polyurethane sheets. The mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and surface morphology of composite sandwiches are evaluated, examining the influence of parameters. The test results show that the composite sandwiches are mechanically reinforced as a result of using the nonwoven covers. Moreover, the improved interfacial bonding between the cover layers and the interlayer inhibits delamination, and the stabilized structure subsequently decreases the level of combustion which is in conformity of the differential scanning calorimetry results. The manufacturing is creative and efficient due to one-step shaping, creating a refined composite sandwich with good mechanical properties and combustion resistance.
Effects of Varying Photoperiodic Regimens on Critical Biological Fitness Traits of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito Vector
Authors: Ukubuiwe Azubuike Christian , Olayemi Israel Kayode , Omalu Innocent Chukwuemeka James , Arimoro Francis Ofurum , Baba Bulus Musa , Ukubuiwe Chinenye Catherine
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the effects of varying photoperiodic conditions on critical life stages’ parameters of Culex quinquefasciatus. To this end, first larval stage was reared under different constant photoperiodic regimens: 0, 6 (short), 12 (equal), 13 (prevailing condition), and 18 and 24 (long) hours of light (hL). Duration of development, survivorship, emergence successes, adult longevity, caloric indices (CIs), and utilisation of teneral reserves for metamorphosis at each regimen were monitored. Analyses revealed significant negative effects of increasing photoperiod on all entomological variables measured. Short photo-phases elicited faster development times, increased life stages’ survivorship and number at emergence, adult longevity, and CI for all life stages while increasing teneral components for adult life traits. The information generated in this study is important in understanding the role played by photoperiod in disease transmission and for development of integrated vector control strategies based on environmental manipulation.
Hedgehog signaling contributes to bone cancer pain by regulating sensory neuron excitability in rats
Authors: Liu Su , Lv You , Wan Xin-Xin , Song Zhi-Jing , Liu Yue-Peng , Miao Shuai , Wang Guang-Lei , Liu Gong-Jian
Published: April 2018

Treating bone cancer pain continues to be a clinical challenge and underlying mechanisms of bone cancer pain remain elusive. Here, we reported that sonic hedgehog signaling plays a critical role in the development of bone cancer pain. Tibia bone cavity tumor cell implantation produces bone cancer-related mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and spontaneous and movement-evoked pain behaviors. Production and persistence of these pain behaviors are well correlated with tumor cell implantation-induced up-regulation and activation of sonic hedgehog signaling in primary sensory neurons and spinal cord. Spinal administration of sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor cyclopamine prevents and reverses the induction and persistence of bone cancer pain without affecting normal pain sensitivity. Inhibiting sonic hedgehog signaling activation with cyclopamine, in vivo or in vitro, greatly suppresses tumor cell implantation-induced increase of intracellular Ca2+ and hyperexcitability of the sensory neurons and also the activation of GluN2B receptor and the subsequent Ca2+-dependent signals CaMKII and CREB in dorsal root ganglion and the spinal cord. These findings show a critical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of bone cancer pain and suggest that targeting sonic hedgehog signaling may be an effective approach for treating bone cancer pain.
Impact of HIV Infection on the Clinical Presentation and Survival of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Prospective Observational Study From Botswana
Authors: Milligan Michael G. , Bigger Elizabeth , Abramson Jeremy S. , Sohani Aliyah R. , Zola Musimar , Kayembe Mukendi K.A. , Medhin Heluf , Suneja Gita , Lockman Shahin , Chabner Bruce A. , Dryden-Peterson Scott L.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Botswana has a high prevalence of HIV infection. Currently, there are few data regarding the sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)—an AIDS-defining cancer—in the country.

Patients and Methods

This study used a prospective cancer registry to identify patients with a new diagnosis of NHL reporting for specialty cancer care at three hospitals in Botswana between October 2010 and August 2016. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results

One hundred four patients with a new diagnosis of NHL were enrolled in this study, 72% of whom had HIV infection. Compared with patients not infected with HIV, patients infected with HIV were younger (median age, 53.9 v 39.1 years; P = .001) and more likely to present with an aggressive subtype of NHL (65.5% v 84.0%; P = .008). All patients infected with HIV received combined antiretroviral therapy throughout the course of the study, and similar chemotherapeutic regimens were recommended for all patients, regardless of subtype or HIV status (six to eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab). There was no difference in 1-year mortality among patients not infected with HIV and patients infected with HIV (unadjusted analysis, 52.9% v 37.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; P = .33; adjusted analysis, HR, 0.57; P = .14). However, when compared with a cohort of patients in the United States matched by subtype, stage, age, sex, and race, patients in Botswana fared worse (1-year mortality, 22.8% v 46.3%; HR, 1.89; P = .001).

Conclusion

Among patients with NHL reporting for specialty cancer care in Botswana, there is no association between HIV status and 1-year survival.
L'expérience sensible du politique
Authors: Bantigny Ludivine , Gobille Boris
Published: April 2018

Précis

Sur la base d'archives et de témoignages souvent « à vif », cet article entend constituer les émotions exprimées par les acteurs de mai–juin 68 en France en objet d'étude à part entière. En restituant par le bas l'expérience sensible du politique durant l'événement, il cherche à montrer que les affects sont étroitement liés aux propriétés de la dynamique de crise en même temps qu'ils participent à sa structuration. Joie du possible entrouvert, imputation de la peur à l'adversaire, colère mobilisatrice, haines croisées : les émotions sont parties prenantes du protagonisme qui s'empare d'individus découvrant la possibilité d'influer sur le cours de l'histoire, et de l'antagonisme qui façonne la conflictualité des camps en présence. L'article souligne ainsi l'intérêt croisé du prisme émotionnel dans l'étude des conjonctures critiques et des conjonctures critiques dans l'appréhension des émotions par les sciences sociales.

Relying on archives and testimonies, this article focuses on the emotions expressed by participants in the May–June 1968 events in France and treats those emotions as an object of inquiry in their own right. By exploring the emotional experience of politics from below, this essay demonstrates that emotions helped establish the crisis atmosphere of May ’68 and shaped its unfolding dynamic. From joy aroused by the opening of a wide field of possibilities to propulsive anger, mutual hatred, and fear, emotions were at the core of the “protagonism” of people discovering their capacity to influence the course of history and of the antagonisms among political stakeholders. Thus the article emphasizes both the benefits of analyzing moments of crisis through the prism of emotions and the significance of crises for the study of emotions in the social sciences.
Structural Change upon One-Electron Reduction of an Isolable Dialkylsilylene
Authors: Abe Takashi , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: April 2018

Dialkyl(potassio)silyl radical 6a[K(18-crown-6)] and dialkylsilylene radical anion 6b[K([2.2.2]cryptand)] were synthesized by the one-electron reduction of dialkylsilylene 5 and characterized by X-ray diffractional analysis and EPR spectroscopy. The structural change from 5 to 6b upon the one-electron reduction can be explained by reduced σ(Si–C) → 3p(Siα) orbital interactions.
Influência da publicidade na automedicação na população de um município brasileiro de médio porte
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Jucier , Moura Sávio Emanuel Dos Santos , Dantas Gabriela Carvalho Lage , De Lima Antonia Máximo , De Brito Wânia Sandra Bezerra , Siebra Bárbara de Oliveira Brito , De Sales Jair Paulino , Cândido Estelita Lima
Published: April 2018

Introdução: A automedicação é uma prática que, feita de forma arbitrária, traz riscos reais à saúde da população. Entretanto, seus fatores contributivos, sobretudo a influência da propaganda no consumo de fármacos, não tem uma correlação bem estabelecida na literatura. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência da automedicação e avaliar a influência da propaganda nesse hábito. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, no município de Crato, Ceará, Brasil, com amostra de 104 pessoas. Resultados: 67% da amostra praticava automedicação. Destas, 80% conheciam os riscos para a prática. Uma parcela de 67,6% dos praticantes revelou ser influenciada pela propaganda para a escolha do medicamento e, entre eles, a taxa de automedicação foi de 1,6x maior (p=0,004). O sexo, a idade e a renda não exerceram influência sobre a referida prática (p>0,05). Conclusões: A prevalência de automedicação entre os participantes é elevada, o que denota uma necessidade real de se repensar as normas regimentais de publicidade, assim como desperta e sugere para o impacto que campanhas publicitárias bem elaboradas podem ter no público em geral, configurando uma potencial ferramenta de saúde pública.
Perfil das vítimas não fatais atendidas nos hospitais de Porto Velho entre 2015 e 2016, Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Barros Carlos Henrique de Sant'Ana , Matos Tasso Eugênio de Souza , Reis Julia Caroline Azevedo , Brandão Petrônio de Oliveira , Silva Elair Martins Barbosa da , Silva Ana Paula Pio Alves da , Costa Uelington Jacson Fonseca da , Tamada Horácio
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Os acidentes de trânsito representam uma séria questão para a saúde pública brasileira, já que são responsáveis por alta morbimortalidade de adultos jovens, principalmente entre os usuários de motocicletas. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil dos acidentes de trânsito com vítimas não fatais que geraram internações nos hospitais de Porto Velho - RO, Amazônia Ocidental. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado entre agosto de 2015 a março de 2016, por meio da utilização de um formulário on-line com 34 questões que versaram sobre dados sociais, dados do acidente, dados de lesões e traumatismos, dados sobre condutores de veículos e dados de crianças enquanto passageiras. Foram entrevistadas 310 vítimas. Resultados: Houve predominância do sexo masculino 79% (n = 236). A idade média dos indivíduos foi 35 anos. Quanto ao grau de instrução, 43% (n = 128) cursaram até o ensino fundamental incompleto, sendo 3,7% (n=11) analfabetos. As motocicletas corresponderam a 90% (n = 253) dos veículos utilizados pelos entrevistados, sendo a colisão entre carro e moto a mais observada (n = 117). Vítimas condutoras somaram 76,2% (n = 227) e 38,8% (n = 88) destes não possuíam CNH. Apenas 46,9% (n = 140) das vítimas tinham residência na capital. Entre as lesões graves, houve 10 casos com necessidade de amputação. Conclusão: Acidentes de trânsito são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em Porto Velho. Baixo grau de instrução e um número elevado de condutores sem portar habilitação sugere falha na supervisão da compra e venda informal de veículos.
Repercussões da mobilização passiva nas variáveis hemodinâmicas em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica
Authors: Peixoto Cavalcante Edwiges Aline Freitas , Marques da Silva Debora Helen , Pontes David Santos , De Barros Silva Paulo Goberlânio , Guedes Braide Andréa Stopiglia , Correia Viana Márcia Cardinalle
Published: April 2018

Introdução: A mobilização passiva é amplamente utilizada dentro das unidades de terapia intensiva visando prevenir e/ou minimizar os efeitos deletérios ocasionados pelo imobilismo em pacientes em estado grave. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito dessa técnica na hemodinâmica do paciente. Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões da mobilização passiva nas variáveis hemodinâmicas em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Estudo de campo, observacional, transversal e quantitativo, realizado de agosto de 2015 a maio de 2016. As variáveis de frequência cardíaca (FC); pressão arterial média (PAM), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), foram mensuradas em três momentos: antes de iniciar as mobilizações (T1), ao término (T2) e 2 minutos após o término (T3). Resultados: A amostra constou de 15 pacientes, sendo 9 (60%) do gênero feminino, com idade mediana de 57 anos. Não se constataram alterações significativas nas variáveis FC, PAS e PAM. No entanto, pôde-se notar uma queda significante da PAD (p=0,010) e SpO2 (p=0,028) entre os tempos T2 e T3 na mobilização de membros superiores (MMSS) e alteração significativa da PAS (p=0,040) na mobilização de MMSS entre os tempos T2 e T3 em pacientes com mais de 60 anos. Conclusão: A realização da mobilização passiva em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica não ocasionou alterações significativas na hemodinâmica do ponto de vista clínico e pode ser considerada uma técnica segura e viável para minimizar os efeitos deletérios gerados pelo imobilismo.
Leishmaniose visceral humana: Estudo do perfil clínico-epidemiológico na região leste de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Alves Waneska Alexandra , Fonseca Darises Soares
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma doença sistêmica que afeta animais e o homem. Incluída entre as seis doenças endêmicas mais importantes no mundo, é de notificação compulsória e apresenta número elevado de óbitos. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos casos notificados de LV em Governador Valadares nos anos de 2008 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo por meio de dados secundários de domínio público do banco de dados do SINAN-Net. Figuras e tabelas foram confeccionados com os programas EpiInfoTM versão 7.2 e Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: Foram confirmados 154 casos de LV residentes em Governador Valadares distribuídos em cinquenta (59,5%) dos 84 bairros. As taxas de incidência e letalidade acumuladas foram de sete casos por 100 mil habitantes e 13%, respectivamente. Variáveis demográficas: 69,5% eram do sexo masculino; 29,2% foram menores de cinco anos de idade; 40,7% eram de raça/cor parda. As principais manifestações clínicas foram febre (92,8%), fraqueza (77,9%), emagrecimento (74%), palidez (72%) e hepatomegalia (57,1%); 11,7% dos casos eram de coinfectados por HIV; 99 (66,4%) casos receberam a droga de primeira escolha. 87% dos casos foram curados clinicamente. Conclusões: O perfil apesentado foi semelhante ao descrito na literatura. Constou-se alto percentual de cura pelo diagnóstico precoce e tratamento oportuno. Pel;a detecção tardia, os indivíduos demoram a ser tratados e tendem a ter o quadro agravado, evoluindo para o óbito. Com estes dados, espera-se promover o diálogo entre os diversos setores da saúde para implementação de estratégias e políticas públicas controladoras e preventivas da doença.
Neurorreabilitação com o Método Padovan® em recém-nascidos com síndrome alcoólica fetal: relato de 2 casos
Authors: Pereira Lilianny Medeiros , Vileicar Danielle Correia , Uchôa Mirlla Michelle Alves
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Intervenções precoces podem moldar atividades cerebrais dependentes da neuroplasticidade. O Método Padovan® vem sendo estudado e utilizado como alternativa terapêutica na reabilitação de recém-nascidos com comprometimento neurológico, principalmente déficits de sucção. Relato do caso: Dois Recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de Síndrome alcoólica fetal apresentando irritabilidade e disfunção na sucção, em fonoterapia convencional sem melhora. Foram submetidos ao método uma vez ao dia, cinco dias por semana com ótimos resultados. Conclusões: O Método Padovan® foi eficaz no estabelecimento da sucção em três semanas e sua utilização mais precoce pode contribuir com menor tempo de internação.
Structure of nonlinear whistlers moving through plasma at an angle to the magnetic field
Authors: Кичигин Геннадий , Kichigin Gennadiy
Published: April 2018

The paper presents solutions of two-fluid magnetic hydrodynamics equations describing small-scale fast magnetosonic stable waves — nonlinear whist-lers moving in a cold magnetized plasma at an angle α to the external magnetic field. At the fixed angle α, the Alfvén Mach number of the whistlers has a narrow range of allowed values. It has been found that when passing from extremely small Mach numbers to ex-tremely large ones, amplitudes and spatial structure of wave velocity components and whistler magnetic field change significantly. The range of angles of the motion direction of whistlers with respect to direction of the the external magnetic field vector is determined. Within this range, the obtained approximate analytical and numerical solutions are in satisfactory agreement.
Electron density at F1-layer heights in the last solar minimum (2007–2009)
Authors: Кушнаренко Галина , Kushnarenko Galina , Яковлева Ольга , Yakovleva Olga , Кузнецова Галина , Kuznetsova Galina
Published: April 2018

We present the results of the analysis of annual variations in daily electron density (N) at heights 140–160 km for the last solar minimum (2007–2009) obtained from digisonde measurements at the ionospheric station Irkutsk (52 °N, 104 °E). New coefficients of the known semi-empirical model (SEM) describing the connection between N and thermospheric characteristics are calculated to identify regularities of these variations. We have revealed that a characteristic feature of the annual N variations during the solar minimum is a change in their phase by 180° in a relatively narrow altitude interval (170–180 km). These results and the new SEM coefficients are original and important for atmospheric and ionospheric physics.
Frame Trolley Dispatching Algorithm for the Frame Bridge Based Automated Container Terminal
Authors: Jiang Xin Jia , Xu Yanhua , Zhou Chenhao , Chew Ek Peng , Lee Loo Hay
Published: April 2018

This paper studies the container handling process for a newly designed container terminal, known as the Frame Bridge based Automated Container Terminal (FB-ACT). The system was shown to be an effective solution to the next generation container terminal, but its efficiency depends on the dispatching of frame trolleys (FTs), which transport containers along the apron. We address the FT dispatching problem to ensure conflict-free movements, while considering the handshakes with other devices in the system. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is formulated to minimize the makespan considering FT conflicts and handshakes. An algorithm based on filtered beam search is developed to solve the problem. In this algorithm, two filtering approaches are used to guide the search for beam nodes at each level. The first approach uses a surrogate model to effectively screen out the less promising nodes. Then, the second approach uses a reduced MIP model to further identify the beam nodes for the next level. Numerical experiments show that our proposed algorithm yields near-optimal solutions in small-scale problems. In large-scale problems, our algorithm significantly outperforms two other algorithms based on first come, first served (FCFS) or FCFS with dedicated vehicle assignment. Some interesting insights about the FB-ACT system are also shown in the study.
Haemorrhoid care in mental health nursing practice
Authors: Allen Rachel , Goddard Kim , Pegram Anne
Published: April 2018

Haemorrhoids are a common, painful and distressing condition and thus their early recognition and treatment can improve quality of life. Mental health nurses ought to be aware of how to identify and grade possible haemorrhoids and the various long and short-term haemorrhoid treatments which include advising on anal hygiene, and topical pain relief. Chronic constipation can be a causative factor in the development of haemorrhoids, it is also therefore important for mental health nurses to recognise the constipating effects of many psychiatric medications, and to advocate for regular medicine reviews by medical and pharmacy staff. Mental health nurses can also play a significant role in the prevention of constipation by promoting regular exercise and adequate fluid intake. Early detection of anorectal diseases such as anal cancer which share symptoms with haemorrhoids must be ruled out by a specialist.
International Women's Day
Authors: Silverton Louise
Published: April 2018

Each year on 8 March, people around the world celebrate International Women's Day. Louise Silverton explains what it means for maternity services, and why it is still needed in 2018
Labour pain relief in women with assisted conception and its effects on labour and birth outcomes
Authors: Khajehei Marjan , Assareh Hasan
Published: April 2018

Background

Increased use of assisted reproduction technology has resulted in concerns about its impact on maternal and neonatal wellbeing.

Aims

To evaluate the labour and birth outcomes in women who had and had not undertaken assisted conception and how the use of labour pain relief affected their outcomes

Methods

Women who had and had not undertaken assisted conception were studied, and the effects of labour pain relief on labour and birth outcomes evaluated.

Findings

The results showed that women who had undertaken assisted conception were more likely to have had epidural analgesia during labour. However, after adjusting for country of birth, body mass index (BMI), maternal age, model of care during pregnancy and gestational hypertension, this difference was not statistically significant. Regression analysis showed no differences between the groups in use of oxytocin, mode of birth, episiotomy or tear, postpartum blood loss, Apgar score at 5 minutes and neonatal complications at birth (P>0.05).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the factors leading to poor outcomes in women who undertake assisted conception, and will help to reduce obstetric complications in this population.
Where are the consultant midwives?
Authors: Wilson Caitlin , Hall Lyndall , Chilvers Rupa
Published: April 2018

Background

Nearly two decades after the introduction of the consultant midwife post in the UK, little is understood about where they are and the roles they fulfil within their organisations.

Aim

A study was undertaken to determine the overall number of consultant midwives, explore the range of clinical specialities and map their location and coverage across the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man.

Methods

A survey and intelligence gathering exercise took place with an online survey being sent to key networks including Heads of Midwifery and consultant midwives in 2016/17.

Findings

A total of 84 consultant midwives were identified as being employed by around one third of the NHS Trusts and Health Boards. A number of issues were highlighted, including potential retirements and the gradual incorporation of managerial roles in the job description of consultant midwives.

Conclusion

Given the national imperatives for high quality maternity care, there needs to be a focus on succession planning and growth of the role of consultant midwives across all organisations.
Remembering Lucy Bannister
Authors: Baker Emily , Muscat Helen
Published: April 2018

This column is traditionally given to BJM's Student Midwife of the Year. As this year's award was presented posthumously, Lucy's friends and colleagues have been invited to share their memories
Pseudogout – a rare manifestation of hungry bone syndrome after focused parathyroidectomy
Authors: Tai CH , Oh HB , Seet JE , Ngiam KY
Published: April 2018

Pseudogout, also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, is a rheumatological condition arising from accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in connective tissues. We present a case of a 56-year-old Bangladeshi woman who underwent focused right inferior parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism from a right inferior parathyroid adenoma. On the first post-operative day, she complained of left elbow painful swelling with redness and warmth. Arthrocentesis of left elbow was done due to suspicion of septic arthritis. Two weeks prior to this surgery, she had sudden bilateral knee swelling was diagnosed in her home country of bilateral knee osteoarthritis with effusion and arthrocentesis showed no crystals. Aspiration of left elbow showed calcium pyrophosphate crystals, associated with post parathyroidectomy hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia confirming pseudogout. Her uric acid level was normal. Bilateral wrist x-rays showed triangular fibrocartilage complex chondrocalcinosis. The patient’s condition improved with colchicine and naproxen, as well as calcium and magnesium replacement. Her left elbow swelling and pain resolved. Pseudogout flare is a rare but known sequelae after parathyroidectomy. Early recognition and expeditious treatment is essential.
Synovial sarcoma of the tongue: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Su Z , Zhang J , Gao P , Shi J , Qi M , Chen L , Wang X
Published: April 2018

This report outlines the work-up and management of a 35-year-old man with a synovial sarcoma of the lateral border of the tongue. Synovial sarcoma of the tongue is an extremely rare tumour with variable morphological microscopic types and characters of immunohistochemical profile. There have only been 15 cases previously reported. This report aims to update the literature on this subject and explore the best treatment options.
A strangled hernia through the Winslow’s hiatus: about a rare situation
Authors: Haddad A , Sebai A , Rhaiem R , Ghedira A , Daghfous A
Published: April 2018

Winslow’s hiatus hernia is the rarest of the internal hernias. Its diagnosis is difficult and requires an urgent laparotomy to avoid necrosis of the incarcerated loop or even the death of the patient. We report the case of a patient operated urgently for acute intestinal obstruction caused by a strangled hernia through the Winslow’s hiatus. A reduction by traction of the hernia was undertaken. Rapid management of this pathology is important using clinical and radiographical elements.
Removing a metal foreign object successfully from a patient’s retroperitoneal space using laparoscopy and a novel navigation system
Authors: Wu JH , Yuan Y , Jiang LQ , Xia Y , Wang Y , Xu SG , Zhou PY
Published: April 2018

Trauma with foreign objects retained within the human body has become a common surgical emergency condition. Traditional surgical methods often involve creating large incisions in soft tissue and may lead to additional complications during wound healing. We have developed a new method of removing foreign bodies from patients’ abdomens by using laparoscopy with the help of a novel navigation system that provides accurate positioning. This approach is minimally invasive and simple. This is the first combination of both technologies in this field.
Complete nasal obstruction secondary to pacemaker insertion
Authors: Jones T Lloyd , Wreesmann VB , Nilssen E , Hilton J , Hayes SM
Published: April 2018

We present the case of a 71-year-old man who presented to the ear, nose and throat department with complete nasal obstruction and facial plethora on bending forward. Clinical examination was positive for Pemberton’s sign. Computed tomography and ultrasonography demonstrated bilateral brachiocephalic vein thrombosis secondary to pacemaker insertion. This case highlights a novel complication of pacemaker insertion.
A practical ‘safe zone’ technique for lag screw fixation of the fibula
Authors: Kaye AR , Marlow W , Williams G , Molloy AP , Mason LW
Published: April 2018

Introduction

During ankle fracture fixation, iatrogenic trauma to retro fibula structures can result in morbidity and reoperation. We describe a safe zone for lag screw insertion.

Materials and methods

This study was completed in three sections. We identified the average entry and exit points for the lag screw using 45 Weber B ankle fractures identified from our trauma database. We then analysed 26 sequentially presented ankle magnetic resonance images, concentrating on axial sections at 4, 8, 12 and 16 mm above the ankle joint. Finally, we used 63 sequentially performed magnetic resonance scans to confirm the safe zone from these consistent structures.

Results

The typical lag screw exit point was 14.2 mm above the ankle joint (95% confidence Interval 11.3–17.1 mm). A safe zone trajectory occurred between 31 and 45 degrees taken from the anterior aspect of the flat fibular surface at this level. The obvious palpable landmark to direct screw trajectory and avoid ‘at risk’ structures was found to be the medial edge of the Achilles tendon. Our final dataset confirmed in 63 scans, the medial aspect of the Achilles tendon to be a consistent safe zone with a minimum distance of at risk structures of 4 mm.

Conclusion

This simple method of directing the fibula lag screw towards the palpable medial edge of the Achilles tendon is practical, easy to teach and directs the screw on a safe trajectory away from the most commonly injured structures around the back of the fibula.
Evidence reviews in energy and climate policy
Authors: Warren Peter
Published: April 2018

Evidence reviews, commonly confused with literature reviews, are a crucial method not only for collating and synthesising the evidence base, but also for determining what the quality of previous evidence is and extracting the most amount of value from previous studies using systematic techniques. The paper focuses on the use of evidence reviews to inform the development of energy and climate policies, using the UK as a case study. A framework is proposed for understanding the different types of evidence reviews based on government resource constraints. Although the application of evidence reviews is growing, the method has received much less attention in the energy and climate policy field in comparison to other policy areas, such as health policy and social policy. This paper argues that the method (particularly systematic scoping reviews and Rapid Evidence Assessments) is resource-efficient, delivers good value-for-money and is comprehensive for informing the development of energy and climate policy within the timescales and resources of governments. They ensure that only high quality evidence is used (through the use of quality assessment scales), thus helping to ensure that policies maximise positive societal impacts, minimise any negative impacts, are defendable from an expert perspective, and that they learn from past experiences, both domestically and internationally. The paper discusses the practical challenges associated with the four main types of evidence review, and draws on the experiences of four evidence reviews commissioned in 2016–2017 by the UK Government’s Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS).
Advertising Leadership and Climate Change: The Efficacy of Industry Professionals to Address Climate Issues
Authors: Sheehan Kim , Morrison Deborah
Published: April 2018

Abstract: One reality of global climate change is that human behaviors bear responsibility. The advertising industry also bears substantial responsibility for this ongoing tragedy of climate change. Consumption—and the consistent persuasive messages that push society to consume—plays a significant role in causing the planet's climate and environmental degradation. This study examines whether leaders in the advertising industry recognize the problems of climate change, and assesses their perceptions of their own ability as well as the ability of the industry to address climate change. Results of a sample of industry leaders show that more than three-fourths of respondents see climate change as a serious problem. These leaders also perceive fairly high levels of self-efficacy as well as industry efficacy in addressing the problem. Leaders suggest that education of clients, consumers, and agency personnel can not only encourage courageous messaging around climate change, but can also build stronger relationships as well.
Roundtable on Social Media and Advertising: Part II
Authors: Barnes Suse , French Megan , Katyal Sonia K. , Reggars Nick , Revis Layla , Robertson Kelli , O'Barr William M. , Timke Edward
Published: April 2018

Abstract: In Part II of the Roundtable on Social Media and Advertising, academic and industry participants met in San Francisco to discuss where, how, and why social media have become central to advertisers' work in the last fifteen years. The conversation focused on how brands build relationships with consumers through social media, how brands cultivate their identities, how individuals construct identities through consumption and brand loyalties, and how advertising often relies on emotional connectivity. Ultimately, participants concurred that the relationship between social media and advertising is multi-dimensional, highly complex, and still not completely understood. In the end, participants described the Roundtable as focusing mainly on the positive and optimistic side of social media and advertising, which begs for further discussion about their limits, dangers, and dark sides.
#WomenNotObjects: Madonna Badger Takes on Objectification
Authors: Badger Madonna , Bronstein Carolyn , Lambiase Jacqueline
Published: April 2018

Abstract: In this interview, Madonna Badger, founder and chief creative officer of Badger & Winters, a New York-based branding and design agency specializing in empowerment communication with women, discusses her advertising career and the launch of #WomenNotObjects, a transformational, social-driven campaign to end objectification of women in advertising. Badger explains how she became aware of advertising's potential harms to girls and women, and her commitment to fighting imagery that treats women as props, plastic or sexualized body parts.
Author Meets Critics: Pioneering African-American Women in the Advertising Business
Authors: Davis Judy Foster , Chambers Jason P. , Shankar Shalini , Thomas Kevin , Timke Edward
Published: April 2018

Abstract: This book discussion centered around Judy Foster Davis' book Pioneering African-American Women in the Advertising Business: Biographies of MAD Black WOMEN (Routledge, 2017), which provides an in-depth look at four Black women's remarkable stories of reaching success in the advertising business: Caroline Robinson Jones, Joel P. Martin, Barbara Gardner Proctor, and Carol H. Williams. This recorded talk explains the book's biographical narrative approach, archival materials, and central concepts: structural oppression, intersectionality, entrepreneurship, and inclusivity. The participants reflect on the advertising industry's barriers to entry, efforts to overcome problems of inclusivity, and the future of multicultural perspectives in a digital age. Ultimately, the participants agreed that more stories like the women featured in this book need to be uncovered and told. Moreover, more academic-industry bridges are necessary to build authentic programs that increase inclusivity and address covert racism and structural oppression.
Exploring Advertising History in Online Archives
Authors: Parkin Katherine
Published: April 2018

Abstract: Students who want to study advertising history can use online archives to find historical advertisements. From formal archives to informal sites like eBay and Pinterest, this article explores some of the advantages and pitfalls of finding sources online. Analyzing advertising history through online archives can offer insights into aspects of American corporations and society that might otherwise be glossed over in the slick production of print ads and commercials. Accessing historical ads will allow students to think more critically about gender, class, and race in advertising and enhance their understanding of American society, leaving them more aware of the ways advertisers sought to shape them with their messages.
Diagramming in the margins of philosophy
Authors: Scanlon Claire
Published: April 2018

This critical reflection emerges at a tangent from a concurrent creative practice-led research project into the diagram at the intersection of art praxis and post-continental philosophy. It was provoked by a realization that the diagrammatic was in operation at all levels of the project and core to its methodology as well as its content. The following is the consequence of a resistance to the assumed ‘transparency’ of the academic procedure of a literature review, wherein the process of reading is understood to be an instrumental form of information mining. It is a meta-inquiry into how drawing diagrams in the process of reading may open a new register for thought. The analysis takes an auto-ethnographic form, with my own experience of reading and autographic marking-up on paper-based texts – as forms of ‘drawing on text’ – offered as case-study for reflection.
Drawing and the street texts of Chapeltown
Authors: Barker Garry
Published: April 2018

This paper is a meditation on a field text that explores the concept of the sentient street. The graffitied walls of Chapeltown, a multi-cultural area of Leeds, a Northern English city, talk to an artist embedded within its community and these street texts give rise to drawings that embody that experience. Chapeltown has been a home to various and shifting populations over the last 100 years and during this time its walls have often been a support for the words of street poets, especially those that have messages that go beyond the traditional graffiti tag. Walking through these streets as he draws, an artist meets people and talks to them and their stories become additional texts that can be used to provide narratives to support the development of post-situ drawings. The streets themselves have their own voice and it is this voice that gives the artist’s post-situ drawings their charge, a voice that gives poetic shape to the drawn image. This article seeks to follow these street texts and their affect. Nancy’s concept that a drawing does not become information, but a sense, is used as a guide and as a series of interjections as to the way textual information becomes embedded into the feeling tone of a drawing.
CERVICAL CANCER IN WOMEN WITH HPV
Authors: Melo Manuela Sobral Bentes de , Vasconcelos Géssica De Paula , Silva Paula Fernanda Pessôa e , Marinho Ana Olívia De Oliveira
Published: April 2018

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a proven relation with cases of cervical cancer, with types 16 and 18 being at high oncogenic risk, thus being considered a predominant risk factor. This study aims to know the perception of women with HPV about their relationship with cervical cancer. A descriptive exploratory study of a qualitative nature was carried out in family health units located in the city of Brejo Santo. The sample consisted of 10 women with HPV diagnosed through pap smears, performed at family health units. For the data analysis, tables and themes were elaborated, followed by categories according to the women's statements. The data revealed that the most important risk factor was the precocity of sexual activity. As a response to the education and health activities, we verified that all were aware of the importance of the bi-annual follow-up to control the pathology. For the most part, the association of its contamination with the partner was revealed. Based not only on this study, we realized how essential it is to carry out sexual health education activities, aiming at the prevention of infections, or when not avoided, the appropriate treatment and control of complications.   Keywords: Cervical cancer, HPV, Interrelation, Preventive aspects.
Measurement of pharyngeal segments in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Marques , Moura Lucas Borin , Oliveira Ariane de Souza , Gabrielli Marisa Aparecida Cabrini , Pereira Filho Valfrido Antonio , Passeri Luis Augusto
Published: April 2018

Objective: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) occurs by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. It results in complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) reduction of airflow and has intimate relation with the upper airway anatomy. Cephalometric analysis has been used to quantify airway dimensions. The aim of this study is evaluate the correlation between the anteroposterior dimension of the upper airway and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed reviewing polysomnographic data (AHI) and anteroposterior cephalometric measurements of pharynx subregions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx. Results: The sample consisted of 30 patients. The mean body mass index was 29.60 kg/m2 and the average age was 46.8 years. Nine patients presented severe OSA, seven had moderate OSA , seven had mild OSA, and seven were healthy.  The Pearson's correlation index between the anteroposterior dimension of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx and AHI was respectively -0.128 (p=0.517), -0.272 (p=0.162) and -0.129 (p=0.513). Conclusion: The correlation between anteroposterior linear dimension of the airway and OSA severity, assessed by AHI, was not positive. As an isolated parameter it did not correlate to the severity of the obstrucive sleep apnea syndrome and should be evaluated in conjunction with other factors. KeywordsUpper Airway; Obstructive sleep apnea; Cone beam CT.
Knowledge, Behaviour and Practices regarding Oral Health among Public School Students
Authors: Leme Luiza Maria Mendes , Oliveira Bruna Gonçalves Alvarenga de , Ungaro Daniela Maria de Toledo , Silva Eduardo Galera da , Gomes Ana Paula Martins
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, behaviour and practices regarding caries lesions, periodontal disease, preventive measures, diet and oral hygiene among public school students by using specific questionnaire and then guide them on the main educational and preventive methods for oral health. Material and Methods: A total of 376 students aged between 11 and 15 years old were evaluated. The students answered a questionnaire and watched a 10-minute educational video on tooth-brushing techniques, use of dental floss and diet. All the participants were given toothbrushes, dentifrice and dental floss. The resulting data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: It was found that 54.26% of the school students were female, 95.21% had knowledge on caries lesions and only 15.96% know about periodontal disease. The surgeon-dentist was pointed out by 66.34% of the students as the responsible for guiding them on oral hygiene, with lack of hygiene being accounted for caries lesions and periodontal disease (64.09% and 38.30%, respectively). Toothbrush, dentifrice and dental floss were the most used resources for oral hygiene by 72.34% of the participants. Dental floss was used by 42.29% of the students, whereas 38.64% fail in doing so claiming they do not know how to use it. Conclusion: The school students showed knowledge on educational and preventive methods for oral health, but with some deficiencies; the majority of them were given guidelines on how to avoid oral problems by a surgeon-dentist; it is necessary to emphasise the importance of using dental floss in educational programs aimed at modifying the students’ behaviour and practices regarding oral health.KeywordsDental caries; Education on oral health education; Oral health; Children health; Public health.
Effect of different surface treatments on the ceramic veneer surface: morphological analysis
Authors: Archangelo Karen Cristina , Sato Tabata Prado , Penteado Marcela Moreira , Contreras Edwin Fernando Ruiz , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Corrêa Giovani de Oliveira
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface clinical treatments on the roughness (Ra) of a lithium disilicate ceramic veneer. Material and Methods: Forty-eight lithium disilicate discs with ceramic veneer and glaze layer were manufactured and distributed into six groups (n=8) according to the surface treatment performed: G1, glaze layer (control group); G2, diamond bur 4138F; G3, diamond bur 4138F + 4138FF; G4, diamond bur 4138F + new glaze layer; G5, diamond bur 4138F + ceramic polishing kit; G6, diamond bur 4138F + rubber cup with diamond paste + felt with diamond paste. Surface Ra measurement (µm) was performed using a profilometer before and after surface treatments, and one specimen from each group was subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after treatment. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%) were used for data analysis. Results: Group 2 (3,00 ± 0,61)b showed higher values of Ra, followed by Group 3 (1,93 ± 0,45)c, Group 6 (1,56 ± 0,22)ac, Group 5 (1,14 ± 0,68)a and Group 4 (0,90 ± 0,26)a. G4, G5 and G6 were not different between each other and control group (1,11 ± 0,21)a. SEM imaging revealed surface smoothness in G1, G4 and G5, and presence of irregularities in G2, G3 and G6. Conclusion: it is possible to conclude that different surface clinical treatments influences the roughness of a lithium disilicate ceramic veneer. Keywords: Ceramics; Dental porcelain; Dental polishing.
The Multiple Meanings of Marx's Value Theory
Authors: Bellofiore Riccardo
Published: April 2018

The Marxian critique of political economy is inseparable from the "labor theory of value." But what exactly does this theory mean? This article considers Marx's value theory from five perspectives: as a monetary value theory, a theory of exploitation, a macro-monetary theory of capitalist production, a theory of individual prices, and a theory of crises.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Marx's Ecological Education
Authors: Empson Martin
Published: April 2018

Kohei Saito's Karl Marx's Ecosocialism: Capitalism, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy shows convincingly that Marx's ideas about the interaction between humanity and nature did not arrive fully formed, but arose from his rigorous engagement with science and philosophy. His insights still offer unparalleled tools to understand capitalism's current assault on the environment.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.