bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of LSM11 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of LSM11, encoding LSM11, U7 small nuclear RNA-associated, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). LSM11 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of OSMR in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of OSMR, encoding oncostatin M receptor, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). OSMR transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of ROBO3 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of ROBO3, encoding roundabout guidance receptor 3, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). ROBO3 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
Authors: yurah alisyah
Published: September 2022

Masalah kekurangan gizi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MPASI) yang kurang tepat. MPASI merupakan makanan peralihan dari ASI ke makanan keluarga diberikan kepada anak usia 6–24 bulan secara bertahap jenis, frekuensi pemberian, jumlah porsi dan bentuk makanan yang disesuaikan dengan usia dan kemampuan bayi dalam mencerna makanan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan gizinya (Lestiarini and Sulistyorini, 2020). MPASI secara kualitas harus terpenuhi energi, protein, dan mikronutrien dengan secara seimbang agar dapat tumbuh dengan optimal (Amperaningsih, Sari and Perdana, 2018)
Penyakit Diare
Authors: Khumairah Sab'ilah Julfa
Published: September 2022

Diare adalah suatu keadaan pengeluaran tinja yang tidak normal atau tidak seperti biasanya. Perubahan yang terjadi berupa perubahan peningkatan volume, keenceran, dan frekuensi dengan atau tanpa lendir darah. Tingginya angka kejadian diare disebabkan oleh banyak faktor diantaranya makanan dan minuman yang terkontaminasi akibat kebersihan yang buruk, infeksi virus dan bakteri. Penyakit diare merupakan penyebab utama kematian kedua pada anak di bawah lima tahun dan mengakibatkan kematian sekitar 525.000 anak setiap tahunnya. Riwayat alamiah penyakit diare yaitu, tahap prepatogenesis dan patogenesis. Dimana tahap patogenesis terdiri dari tahap inkubasi, tahap dini, tahap lanjut dan tahap akhir. Adapun tingkatan pencegahan penyakit diare yaitu pencegahantingkatan pertama (primary prevention), tingkatan kedua (secondary prevention), dan tingkatan ketiga (tertiary prevention).
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN
Authors: yurah alisyah
Published: September 2022

Masalah kekurangan gizi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MPASI) yang kurang tepat. MPASI merupakan makanan peralihan dari ASI ke makanan keluarga diberikan kepada anak usia 6–24 bulan secara bertahap jenis, frekuensi pemberian, jumlah porsi dan bentuk makanan yang disesuaikan dengan usia dan kemampuan bayi dalam mencerna makanan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan gizinya). MPASI secara kualitas harus terpenuhi energi, protein, dan mikronutrien dengan secara seimbang agar dapat tumbuh dengan optimal.
AFTER THE REVOCATION OF THE SUBSIDIES, WHERE WILL THE INDONESIAN ECONOMY BE TAKEN?
Authors: naryono endang
Published: September 2022

Rising world fuel prices have become a serious problem for Indonesia, namely the increase in the burden of fuel subsidies for the community which has been enjoyed by hundreds of millions of Indonesians for decades. national. The discourse of increasing fuel is not as easy as turning the palm of the hand, but it will have a tremendous impact on the lower middle class, namely an increase in the rate of inflation. Rising inflation rates will automatically reduce people's purchasing power due to a progressive increase in prices, of course this will be a problem for the lower middle class after the covid-19 pandemic for 3 years where the economic sluggishness is still felt as seen from the contraction in economic growth that has not yet reached the target set. has been determined and if it is followed by an increase in fuel prices, it is certain that a macroeconomic contraction will lead to a decrease in economic growth, high inflation rates, unemployment and the most frightening thing is an increase in the poverty rate. Is it true that the increase in fuel oil is the best solution for the Indonesian people?
Differential expression of PTCH1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of PTCH1, encoding patched 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). PTCH1 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Mindfulness training for work performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Vainre Maris , Dalgleish Tim , Bendriss-Otiko Tia , Butler Molly , Kirkpatrick Amelia , Kosugiyama Nana , Martinez-Sosa Candelaria , Mariscotti Fabiana , Sideri Athina , Soenksen Sebastian , Wood Tim , Hitchcock Caitlin , Galante Julieta
Published: September 2022

Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are suggested to improve work performance despite scarcity of evidence. We synthesised randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of MBPs on adults’ work performance. The primary outcome was task performance. Secondary outcomes were contextual performance, adaptive performance, and counter-productive behaviour. In March 2021 we searched ASSIA, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 was used. We conducted pairwise random-effects meta-analyses to calculate Hedges’ gs. A total of 47 studies (N = 5041) were included, all of them with high risk of bias. MBPs were not found to improve task performance (k = 7, n = 454, Hedges’ g = 0.52, 95% CI -0.03 to 1.07, p = 0.059) up to 4 weeks post-intervention compared to passive control groups. However, MBPs improved adaptive performance and contextual performance. The number of studies was insufficient for comparisons with active control groups. Confidence in the review results, per Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), is low to very low. Future trials need to improve their quality to confirm effects on work performance and use active as well as passive control groups.
How to Incorporate Audit Information into the Statistical Model: Bayesian Generalized Linear Modeling for Audit Sampling
Authors: Derks Koen , de swart jacques , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , wetzels ruud
Published: September 2022

The audit environment of today offers a wealth of information in the form of data. Consequently, data about the auditee is expected to guide and improve auditors’ approach to tests of details. However, to be able to make optimal use of this data, auditors must have tools that facilitate the effective and efficient use of quantitative information throughout an audit. In this article, we introduce Bayesian generalized linear modeling as a statistical framework to incorporate this information into tests of details, thereby enabling auditors to deliver a fine-grained and specifically tailored audit opinion to stakeholders. We begin with an introduction of Bayesian inference in audit sampling, then explain the main concepts underpinning Bayesian generalized linear modeling and show how this approach allows auditors to bridge the gap between analytics on integrally available data and analytics on data that is available on a sample basis, making optimal use of their information.
When did I Post That? How do we Access Memory-for-When on Social Media?
Authors: O'Donnell Sophie , Fonti Isabella , Garrett Paul Michael , Sastre-Gomez Luz Viviana , Stone Benjamin , Dennis Simon
Published: September 2022

Strategies for accessing temporal information of autobiographical memories may differ based on the qualities of the target memory. Distance-based models propose dating occurs through accessing a decaying strength of a memory, whereas location-based theories suggest it’s achieved through reconstruction of contextual details. Source element availability and high temporal fidelity requirements may bias participants toward location-based strategies. The present study utilises participants' social media posts and emails as cues in an experience sampling study to encourage distance-based strategy utilisation. Thirty-four participants indicated the week, day-of-week, and time-of-day of their Gmails and Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram posts from the 4 weeks preceding their memory test. Results showed that error scores decreased with larger time scales and errors in week judgements increased with proximity to week boundaries and the correct response. All findings suggest that people can rely on the strength of memories to judge the age of emails and social media posts.
The Gender Gap in the Care Economy is Larger in Highly Developed Countries: Socio-cultural Explanations for Paradoxical Findings
Authors: Block Katharina , olsson maria I. T. , Schmader Toni , van Laar Colette , Martiny Sarah E. , Schuster Carolin , Van Grootel Sanne , Meeussen Loes , Croft Alyssa
Published: September 2022

Despite the growing demand for care economy employees (e.g., nurses, teachers, and social workers), men remain underrepresented in these careers. While economically developed countries support more equal rights for women and men, their labor markets are highly gender segregated (Charles 1992, 2003). We conducted a focused investigation of this paradoxical pattern in the care economy, testing whether gender gaps in care economy career interest are larger in more economically developed countries, and if so, what psychological and cultural factors underlie these patterns. We examined these questions with labor data from 70 countries (Study 1) and a pre-registered study of career interests among 19,240 university students from 49 countries (Study 2). Although more economically developed countries tend to promote greater gender equality, our results reveal the gender gap in care economy representation (Study 1) and interest (Study 2) is especially large in such countries. We did not observe parallel patterns for STEM representation or interest. Results from Study 2 supported an integrated theoretical account of this development paradox in care economy interest: Cross-national variation in the gender gap in care economy interest was predicted by country-level variation in economic development and individualism/collectivism but not by self-expression values or country-level gender equality, countering prior (controversial) claims of a gender equality paradox. Furthermore, larger gender gaps in communal values (e.g., men’s lower valuing of helping and caring for others) were a proximal predictor of larger gender gaps in care economy interest in highly economically developed countries.
Good conduct makes your face attractive: The effect of personality perception on facial attractiveness judgments
Authors: Niimi Ryosuke , Goto Mami
Published: September 2022

Human facial attractiveness is related to physical features, such as averageness and symmetry. However, it is also known that facial attractiveness is influenced by a wide range of non-physical factors. Here, we examined the effect of the personality information of a target person. In Experiment 1, participants read a verbal description of a target person (high or low honesty), followed by a presentation of the target face and facial attractiveness rating. Honest personality enhanced facial attractiveness, replicating a previous report. This “honesty premium” effect was independent of pre-rated facial attractiveness (Experiment 1), target gender, participant gender, and target clothing (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 found that creative personality did not affect facial attractiveness, whereas aggressive personality of a male target decreased facial attractiveness. We did not find evidence that participants’ moods caused these effects. The results suggest that the “what is good is beautiful” stereotype is robust and that facial attractiveness is malleable and dependent on various physical and non-physical information.
Motivation and music interventions in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Dimitriadis Theo , Della Porta Delia , Perschl Johanna , Evers Andrea W.M. , Magee Wendy L. , Schaefer Rebecca S
Published: September 2022

Music is increasingly used in a wide array of settings, from clinical recovery to sports or well-being interventions. Motivation related to music is often considered as a possible working mechanism for music to facilitate these processes, however this has not previously been systematically evaluated. The current systematic review considered studies that involved music (therapy) interventions, together with measures such as wanting to practise, liking the musical activities, or patient adherence to an intervention. The objective of this review was to examine whether music is related to increased motivation in task performance and/or rehabilitation settings, and whether this is in turn related to better clinical or training outcomes. Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which (85%) indicated an increased level of motivation with music as compared to without. Moreover, in those studies where motivation was increased, clinical or other outcomes were improved in most cases (90%). These results support the notion of motivation as an underlying mechanism of music-based interventions, but more robust evidence is needed to ascertain which mechanisms are crucial in increasing motivation from a behavioural, cognitive, and neurobiological point of view, as well as how motivational mechanisms relate to other factors of effectiveness in music-based paradigms.
Weiterhin hohe Unterstützungsbereitschaft für ukrainische Geflüchtete in Deutschland: Eine Längsschnittanalyse des DeZIM.panels
Authors: Dollmann Jörg , Mayer Sabrina Jasmin , Jacobsen Jannes , Köhler Jonas , Lietz Almuth , Siegel Madeleine
Published: September 2022

Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine wurden direkt nach Eskalation des Kriegs in vielen Ländern in Europa mit überwältigender Solidarität empfangen. Dieses DeZIM.insight analysiert die Entwicklung der Unterstützungsbereitschaft in den ersten Monaten danach. Hierzu greifen wir auf Daten des DeZIM.panels zurück und untersuchen, wie hoch die Solidarität im Bereich des freiwilligen Engagements, der Spendenbereitschaft sowie der Bereitschaft bei der Aufnahme von Geflüchteten im eigenen Zuhause im Juli 2022 ist und wie sich diese Bereitschaft zwischen März und Juli 2022 verändert hat. Unsere Befunde belegen, dass die Unterstützungsbereitschaft für alle erhobenen Teilbereiche in den letzten vier Monaten abgenommen hat. Dieses Ergebnis zeigt sich für alle der im DeZIM.panel untersuchten Bevölkerungsgruppen. Wir halten fest, dass es in der deutschen Wohnbevölkerung weiterhin eine sehr hohe Bereitschaft gibt, Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise zu unterstützen. Jede*r Zweite ist offen für ehrenamtliches Engagement, mehr als die Hälfte können sich vorstellen, für Geflüchtete zu spenden und fast jede*r Fünfte ist bereit, Geflüchtete bei sich zuhause aufzunehmen.
Race and Redistribution in the United States: An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Åkesson Jesper , Hahn Robert , Metcalfe Robert , Rasooly Itzhak
Published: September 2022

Scholars have suggested that White American support for welfare is related to beliefs about the racial composition of welfare recipients. While a host of observational studies lend credence to this view, it has not yet been tested using the tools of randomized inference. In this study, we do this by conducting two incentive-compatible experiments (n = 9,775) in which different participants are randomly given different signals about the share of welfare recipients who identify as Black and White. Our analysis yields four main findings. First, 86% of respondentsgreatly overestimate the share of welfare recipients who are Black, with the average respondent overestimating this by almost a factor of two. Second, White support for welfare is inversely related to the proportion of welfare recipients who are Black—a causal claim that we establish using treatment assignment as an instrument for beliefs about the racial composition of welfare recipients. Third, just making White participants think about the racial composition of welfare recipients reduces their support for welfare. Fourth, providing White respondents with accurateinformation about the racial composition of welfare recipients (relative to not receiving any information) does not significantly influence their support for welfare.
Work and Leisure in America
Authors: ruggeri giuseppe
Published: September 2022

This book describes economic, social and political developments in the U.S. from 1950 to 2019 and offers some insights into future trends.
De-historicization of “Wandering Womb”: A Study of Freudian Intervention
Authors: Ghosh Sourav
Published: September 2022

Published in International Journal of Languages and Culture (Peer-Reviewed). ISSN No.: 2788-404X. URL: https://www.svedbergopen.com/abstract/53/296/Vol.2-Issue.2-December%202022 This paper examines the historical origins and development of the concept of the "wandering womb" in Western medicine and its relationship to the work of Sigmund Freud. Using a methodology based on historical research and analysis of primary sources such as medical texts, psychiatric journals, and Freud's work, the paper argues that the wandering womb concept was transformed from a symptom of a medical disorder to a psychoanalytic concept as a result of the influence of Sigmund Freud's work. The paper concludes that the wandering womb concept has been de-historicized, meaning that it has been divorced from its original historical context and reinterpreted in the light of psychoanalysis. This study provides a new perspective on how symptoms are understood and contribute to psychoanalytic history and the history of medicine.
Money, birth, gender: explaining unequal earnings trajectories after parenthood
Authors: Machado Weverthon , Jaspers Eva
Published: September 2022

Using population register data from the Netherlands, we analyze the child penalty for new parents in three groups of couples: different-sex and female same-sex couples with a biological child and different-sex couples with an adopted child. With a longitudinal design, we follow parents' earnings from two years before to eight years after the arrival of the child and use event study models to estimate the effects of the transition to parenthood on earnings trajectories. Comparing different groups of couples allows us to test hypotheses related to three types of within-couple differences that are difficult to disentangle when studying only heterosexual biological parents: relative earnings, childbearing, and gender. Our results offer strong support for gender as the main driver of divergent child penalties. The gender of their partners is more consequential for mothers' earnings trajectories than is childbearing or the pre-parenthood relative earnings in the couple.
Digitale Lernstandsanalysen in der Grundschule
Authors: Meile Daniel , Liebers Katrin
Published: September 2022

Adaptives Unterrichten beruht auf der makrodidaktischen Ebene auf domänenspezifischen Erhebungen der Lernausgangslage. Im Beitrag werden das diagnostische Konzept der dafür entwickelten digitalen Lernstandsanalysen ILeA plus vorgestellt sowie über begleitende Transfermaßnahmen, die Nutzung in der Grundschulpraxis und zukünftige digitale Erweiterungen berichtet.
Die Evaluation des Modellschulprojekts „Lernen mit digitalen Medien an Förderzentren Geistige Entwicklung/Körperlich-Motorische Entwicklung“ in Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Gerick Julia , Steglich Emilie , Eickelmann Birgit , Oelkers Janine
Published: September 2022

Im Rahmen der Evaluation des Projekts „Lernen mit digitalen Medien“ in Schleswig-Holstein wurden 16 Modell-Förderzentren Geistige Entwicklung/Körperlich-motorische Entwicklung untersucht, um den Spezifika dieser Schulform Rechnung zu tragen. Dabei wurden die Zielsetzungen, Einsatzformen, Potenziale und Herausforderungen sowie förderliche und hemmende Bedingungsfaktoren für das Lernen mit digitalen Medien multiperspektivisch betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise für eine zukunft sfähige Weiterentwicklung auch über die beteiligten Schulen hinaus.
COVID-19 infection immediately post-transplant in an unvaccinated patient: Clinical observations and ethical implications
Authors: Cox Ben , Hussani Trana , Marquez Vladimir , Omar Mahmoud , Segedi Maja , Yoshida Eric M
Published: September 2022

We report the case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with acute liver failure from suspected drug-induced liver injury. She was not vaccinated against COVID-19 and expressed considerable reluctance to become vaccinated prompting discussions within the transplant group regarding her candidacy. She received a liver transplant and acquired COVID-19 immediately post-operatively that was treated with sotrovimab. She recovered well and was discharged shortly following her transplant. This case suggests that unwillingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination pre-transplant should not represent an absolute contraindication to a life-saving liver transplantation.
Cephalometric characteristics of the upper respiratory tract in Ukrainian young men and young women with an orthognathic bite without and with the type of face taken into account
Authors: Kostiuchenko-Faifor O. S. , Gunas I. V. , Belik N. V. , Shapoval О. М. , Veretelnyk S. P.
Published: September 2022

The upper respiratory tract is a component of the respiratory system, which ensures the performance of several key human functions at once. The variability of cephalometric indicators of this structure of the human body, depending on the peculiarities of body structure, nationality, sex, and other factors, is one of the current topics of discussion among modern scientists. The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of the cephalometric characteristics of the upper respiratory tract in young people without pathology of the upper respiratory tract with an orthognathic bite without and taking into account the type of face. For 72 Ukrainian young women and 46 young men with an orthognathic bite and the absence of pathology of the upper respiratory tract, taken from the database of the research center and the pediatric dentistry department of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, determination of cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract itself was carried out. The face type of young women and young men was determined using Garson's morphological index. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out in the licensed statistical package “Statistica 6.0” using non-parametric estimation methods. In Ukrainian young women and young men without and taking into account the type of face, the percentile range of cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract proper was established (distance PASmin – the size of the retroglossal oropharyngeal airway space, distance PM-UPW – the size of the nasopharyngeal airway space, distance U-MPW – the size of the retropalatal oropharyngeal airway space, distance V-LPW – the size of the hypopharyngeal airway space, area UAA – the size of the upper airway area). Sex differences (significantly greater, or a tendency towards greater values in young men) of distance V-LPW values were found in representatives without taking into account the face type by 13.8 %, with a wide face type – by 11.6 % and with a narrow face type – by 15.9 %; as well as the size of the UAA area in representatives without taking into account the face type by 20.6%, with a very wide face type – by 21.2 %, with a wide face type – by 21.6 % and with an average face type – by 23.1 %. Both in young women and in young men, no reliable differences or trends in the magnitude of the cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract between representatives with different types of faces were established.
Shape of cerebral hemispheres: structural and spatial complexity. Quantitative analysis of skeletonized MR images
Authors: Maryenko N. I. , Stepanenko O. Yu.
Published: September 2022

For quantitative characterization of the complexity of the spatial configuration of anatomical structures, including cerebral hemispheres, fractal analysis is the most often used method, in addition to which, other methods of image analysis are quite promising, including quantitative analysis of skeletonized images. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the structural and spatial complexity of the cerebral hemispheres shape using quantitative analysis of skeletonized magnetic resonance images of the cerebral hemispheres. Magnetic resonance brain images of 100 conditionally healthy individuals (who did not have structural changes in the brain) of both sexes (56 women, 44 men) aged 18-86 years (average age 41.72±1.58 years) were studied, 5 tomographic sections (4 coronal sections and 1 axial section) were selected from the set of tomographic images of each brain. During preprocessing, image segmentation was performed to obtain a binary silhouette image, after which silhouette skeletonizing was carried out. Quantitative analysis of skeletonized images included determination of the following parameters: branches, junctions, end-point voxels, junction voxels, slab voxels, triple points, quadruple points, average branch length, maximum branch length. We divided quantitative parameters of skeletonized images into two groups. The first group included branches, junctions, end-point voxels, junction voxels, slab voxels, triple points, quadruple points. These parameters were related to each other and to the values of the fractal dimension by positive correlations. The second group of parameters included average branch length, maximum branch length. These parameters were positively correlated, but they had negative correlations with most of the parameters of the first group and with fractal dimension values. Quantitative parameters and fractal dimension turned out to be better parameters for characterizing the spatial and structural complexity of the cerebral hemispheres shape than traditional morphometric parameters (area, perimeter and their derivatives). It was found that the values of most of the investigated quantitative parameters decreased with age; coronal sections were the most representative for characterizing age-related changes. Quantitative assessment of the brain shape, including spatial and structural complexity, can become an informative tool for the diagnosis of some nervous diseases and the differentiation of pathological and normal age-related changes.
Advanced Statistical Optimization of Parameters at Plasma Spraying of Hydroxyapatite Coatings
Authors: Dyshlovenko S. , Pierlot C. , Tomaszek R. , Pawlowski L. , Roussel P.
Published: September 2022

Spray process of hydroxyapatite was optimized by an advanced statistical planning of experiments. Full factorial design of 24 experiments was used to find effects of four principal plasma spray parameters, i.e. electric power, plasma forming gas composition, carrier gas flow rate and distance of spraying onto microstructure of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings and powders. The Nemrod software has been applied to obtain the mathematical model of influence of these parameters onto experimental response. The chosen response was the volume fraction of HA crystal phase with regard to its decomposition phases. Two most important factors influencing this response are electric power supplied to torch and art of powder injection. The crystal phase content of powders and coatings was determined using X–ray diffraction (XRD) quantitative analysis. The morphologies of coatings surfaces, cross sections were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Effect of Steam Treatment during Plasma Spraying on the Microstructure of Hydroxyapatite (HA) Splats and Coatings
Authors: Li H. , Khor K.A. , Cheang P.
Published: September 2022

The major problems with plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings for hard tissue replacement are severe HA decomposition and insufficient mechanical properties of the coatings. The loss of crystalline HA after high temperature spraying is due mainly to the loss of OH- in terms of water. The present study employed steam to treat HA droplets and coatings during both in-flight and flattening stages. The microstructure of the HA coatings and splats was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Results showed that a significant increase in crystallinity of the HA coating was achieved through the steam treatment (e.g., from 58% to 79%). The Raman spectroscopy analyses on the individual splats and coatings indicate that the mechanism involves entrapping of water molecules by the individual HA droplets upon their impingement. It further suggests that the HA decomposition has already taken place before the impingement of the droplets on pre-deposited materials or the substrate. The improvement in crystallinity and phases, e.g., from tricalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate to HA, was achieved by reversing the HA decomposition through providing extra OH-ions. Furthermore, the steam treatment during the spraying also accounts for remarkably increased adhesion strength from 9.09 MPa to 23.13 MPa.
The Influence of Thermal Treatment on Hydroxyapatite Coatings Obtained by HVOF
Authors: Fernández J. , Gaona M. , Guilemany J.M.
Published: September 2022

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is known to be bioactive, i.e. able to bond to bone. This makes HAp very suitable to be applied as coatings on bone-metallic implants. In this work high velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) was used successfully for obtaining hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrates. With optimized HVOF process parameters, coatings with similar bond strength to plasma sprayed HAp coatings, good microstructure and higher crystallinity degree than atmospheric plasma sprayed ones were obtained. As-deposited HAp coatings contains amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that can be crystallized by a heat-treatment of 60 minutes at 700 °C, resulting in a more stable coating when they are immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF).Coating structural characteristics of as-sprayed and post heat treated coatings were analysed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy analyser (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, in vitro tests were done in order to evaluate the coating response. Surface changes were observed for as-sprayed coating but not after a post heat treatment. Moreover, the strength of the coatings were evaluated after in vitro leaching. The high degree crystallinity of the post heat treated coating improves the adhesion between the coating and the substrate after an in vitro test in a free-protein simulated body fluids (SBF). Consequently a relation between the amorphicity, the in vitro response and mechanical degradation of the coating was found.
Plasma Spraying of Hydroxyapatite Coatings Obtained from Two different Precursors
Authors: Garcia E. , Zhang Z.B. , Coyle T.W. , Gan L. , Pilliar R.
Published: September 2022

In this work the suitability of two different liquid precursors of hydroxyapatite (HA) as feedstock for the air plasma spray (APS) coating technique was studied and compared. The precursors were organic (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and triethyl phosphate) and inorganic (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) sol-gel solution precursors employed in a previous work to produce thin films by a dipping technique. We report on the formation of porous hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti6Al4V substrates. The microstructures found in of both types of coatings are characterized by features typically found in solution precursor plasma spray processes; a combination of melted and unmelted deposits and small hollow spheres. Transmission electron microscopy revealed submicron/nanocrystalline features forming those deposits. Hydroxyapatite was the main crystalline phase present in the coatings. Small amount of other crystalline phases were also found due to the high temperature of the substrates during the spraying.
Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying of Hydroxyapatite Coatings
Authors: Marks M.F. , Kobayashi A.
Published: September 2022

A crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was deposited using gas tunnel type plasma spraying at different spraying distances. In this study, the microstructure, adhesion and microhardness of the resulting coatings were investigated to clarify the effect of the spraying distance on the features of sprayed coatings. The results showed that the spraying distance greatly affects the microhardness, adhesion, and crystallinity of the sprayed HA coatings. Microhardness value was increased as the spraying distance was decreased, mainly due to the formation of dense coating with lower porosity. Adhesion was increased, as the spraying distance was decreased due to a good mechanical bonding between the first apatite layer and the substrate. X-ray diffraction patterns of HA coatings showed the formation of high crystalline apatite coating at short spraying distance.
The Role of Hydroxylapatite Coating Characteristics in Bone Integration after Two Decades of Follow-up in Human Beings
Authors: Frayssinet Patrick , Hardy Dominique , Rouquet Nicole
Published: September 2022

HA-coatings have been widely used in human surgery to increase the biocompatibility of metal alloys used as arthroplasty material. Their characteristics are of fundamental importance for their behaviour in the organism and in particular their degradation rate. We had the opportunity to perform histological analysis of human femurs containing well functioning HA-coated hip prostheses implanted for various periods from a few days up to several years. It was showed that the coatings exhibit degradation signs very early after the implantation and the released debris have different fates depending their size and shape. These results can be compared with those obtained in animals or in vitro. It was shown that the bone tolerate the contaminant phases which can be formed during the plasma spraying.
Investigation of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings
Authors: Levingstone T.J. , Stokes J. , Looney L.
Published: September 2022

The crystallinity of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings used in femoral implant applications is a crucial factor. A coating containing a large percentage of amorphous phases will dissolve quickly. This leaves the coating mechanical weak and thus reduces its functional life. The crystallinity of the final coating largely depends on the parameters selected during the spraying process. In this study the design of experiment technique was used to investigate the parameters that have the greatest effect on the crystallinity of the coating. The effect of furnace heat treatment in air at 600°C, 700°C and 800°C on the crystallinity of the coating was also investigated. The coatings were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
New Developments in Cold Spray Based on Higher Gas- and Particle Temperatures
Authors: Schmidt T. , Gaertner F. , Kreye H.
Published: September 2022

In cold spraying, bonding is associated with shear instabilities caused by high strain rate deformation during the impact. It is well known, that bonding occurs, when the impact velocity of an impacting particle exceeds a critical value. This critical velocity depends not only on the type of spray material, but also on the powder quality, the particle size and the particle impact temperature. Up to now, optimization of cold spraying mainly focused on increasing the particle velocity. The new approach presented in this contribution demonstrates capabilities to reduce critical velocities by well-tuned powder sizes and particle impact temperatures. A newly designed temperature control unit was implemented to a conventional cold spray system and various spray experiments with different powder size cuts were performed to verify results from calculations. Microstructures and mechanical strength of coatings demonstrate that the coating quality can be significantly improved by using well-tuned powder sizes and higher process gas temperatures. The presented optimization strategy, using copper as an example, can be transferred to a variety of spray materials and thus, should boost the development of the cold spray technology with respect to the coating quality.
Structure Formation of Ni-based Composite Coatings during Low Pressure Gas Dynamic Spraying
Authors: Maev R.Gr. , Leshchynsky V. , Papyrin A.
Published: September 2022

The response of Ni-SiC powders deposited by Gas Dynamic Spraying (GDS) with various particle velocities, and their compaction behavior to the different packing densities were studied in parallel. Bulk compacts (90–99% dense), made in the form of 6 mm diameter by 3 mm thick disks, were analyzed to determine the structural changes occurring within the particles and at the particle boundaries, and to examine their mechanical properties. Optical microscopy and SEM observations revealed the presence of a lamellar morphology and a strong interparticle bonding in the composite coating. An analysis of the experimental data revealed the retention of the nanoscale structure and a localized grain refinement. Adiabatic shear band areas were observed and thought to be responsible for the grain refinement. Powder layers, which were shear compacted to the packing density (up to 90% dense), showed the best densification characteristics. Correspondingly, coatings with enhanced mechanical properties and a strong exchange coupling between hard and soft phases are obtained.
Gas Dynamic Spray Composite Coatings for Iron and Steel Castings
Authors: Beneteau M. , Birtch W. , Villafuerte J. , Paille J. , Petrocik M. , Maev R.Gr. , Strumban E. , Leshchynsky V.
Published: September 2022

The present study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of the Gas Dynamic Spraying (GDS) of different powder compositions for depositing wear-resistant composite coatings on iron and steel castings. This process, simply known as “cold spray,” utilizes the kinetic energy of particles sprayed at supersonic velocities to produce a bonding of the particles to the substrate. Ni and Cu based coatings containing W, Zn and TiC as reinforcement were made by the low pressure GDS technique and investigated. The coatings microstructures were studied by both optical and scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition, hardness and wear resistance of the GDS coatings were analyzed. The ball-on-disc sliding wear test was used for assessing the wear resistance characteristics of the coatings using a ceramic (Si3N4) ball. W and TiC reinforced coatings showed the best wear performance. These were further evaluated in greater detail. In addition to the obtained test results, the application prospects for such GDS coatings were discussed.
Low Pressure Gas Dynamic Spray Forming Near-net Shape Parts
Authors: Weinert H. , Maeva E. , Leshchynsky V.
Published: September 2022

Thermal spraying processes are well known in industry for providing relatively dense components. The Gas Dynamic Spray (GDS) technologies are a growing alternative, especially after the great success of certain applications such as plasma and thermal spray formed components. One of the advantages of GDS is the possibility to obtain complex thin-walled shapes of various powder materials and composites. The optional post-spraying processes such as sintering, sizing and little machining may be applied. Using the low pressure radial injection GDS method, some new thin wall components have been formed. The process involves the automatic mechanical removal of sprayed ring components from a mould. Both the structure and properties of powdered material along with the GDS technology itself were studied. The main spraying and mould parameters were found to achieve high durability of moulds, which allowed the realization of a large scale GDS forming technology.
Kinetic Sprayed Rare Earth Iron Alloy Composite Coatings
Authors: Van Steenkiste T.
Published: September 2022

One of the unique advantages of the kinetic spray process is its ability to mix constituents that would normally react with each other to form coatings. We have used this attribute to produce composite coatings with different rare earth iron alloys (REFe2) and several ductile matrices. Composite coatings of Terfenol-D ((Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe1.9) and SmFe2 were combined with ductile matrices of aluminum, copper, iron, molybdenum, tantalum, and nickel. Evidence of an induced magnetic coercivity was measured for the REFe2- Mo and Fe composite coatings. Coatings were produced on flat substrates and shafts. Coating morphology as well as the physical, magnetostrictive and magnetic properties of these coatings will be discussed.
Effect of Spraying Parameters on the Microstructure and Bond Strength of Cold Spray Aluminum Alloy Coatings
Authors: Sansoucy E. , Jodoin B. , Richer P. , Ajdelsztajn L.
Published: September 2022

Aluminum alloy powders of different compositions and phases, Al/B4C, Al-Co-Ce, and Al 5083, were sprayed using the Cold Spray deposition process. The resulting coatings and the effects of several process parameters were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and bond strength tests. The results show that the bond strengths depend on the powder composition but do not vary significantly with the powder feed rate. Adhesion strength values were obtained for Al/B4C and Al 5083 coatings. The Al-Co-Ce coatings failed at the coating-adhesive interface, indicating a superior adhesion strength than what was achieved in the bond strength tests.
The Effect of Cold Spray Deposition of a Titanium Coating on the Fatigue Behaviour of a Titanium Alloy
Authors: Price T.S. , Shipway P.H. , McCartney D.G.
Published: September 2022

The deposition of titanium on a titanium alloy substrate is being examined for potential use as a surface treatment for medical prostheses. A Ti6Al4V alloy was coated with pure titanium by cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS). Coatings were deposited onto samples with two different surface preparation methods (as-received and grit blasted). The fatigue life of the as-received and grit blasted materials, both before and following coating, was measured with a rotating-bend fatigue rig. An 18% reduction in fatigue life was observed following the application of the coating to the as-received substrate, but no significant reduction was observed on its application to the grit blasted substrate. The reduction in fatigue life has been related to the substrate-coating interface properties and residual stress states.
Formation of Fe-Al Intermetallic Compound Coating Through Cold Spraying
Authors: Wang H.-T. , Li C.-J. , Yang G.-J. , Li C.-X.
Published: September 2022

Intermetallic materials have excellent high temperature oxidation resistance and erosion, cavitation resistances and are promising coating materials with many potential industrial applications. In this study, the formation of Fe-Al intermetallic compound-based coating was performed by cold spraying assisted by a post-annealing treatment. Fe-Al alloy composite powder containing 20wt% WC-Co was produced by ball milling process. Nano-structured Fe-Al alloy coating was deposited through cold spraying. The coating was annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the microstructure of the as-sprayed coating depended significantly on the microstructure of the powder. A Fe-Al intermetallic phase was formed during the annealing at a temperature higher than 500°C. Moreover, grain growth occurred with the increase of the annealing temperature. The results showed that the microhardness of the as-sprayed coating reached 600HV and more. The effect of the annealing treatment on the coating microstructure and hardness was examined.
Cold Spraying – Potential and New Application Ideas
Authors: Kroemmer W. , Heinrich P.
Published: September 2022

Spurred on by the initial success of cold spray applications, a wide range of industrial sectors have since shown a tremendous interest in the youngest of the thermal spray processes. The forerunner, oxide-free copper coatings, paved the way for a variety of materials to be successfully sprayed at the Linde Technology Centre in Munich. At the same time, the hardware for cold spraying also underwent rapid development. This now means that new materials can be processed with the highest efficiency and quality possible, using lower-cost nitrogen rather than helium which is decidedly more expensive.