bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesalahan Sintaksis pada Esai Siswa (Grammatical Errors in Students Essays)
Authors: Mubarokah Eti , Rosita Farida Yufarlina
Published: December 2019

Pemilihan teks dalam pembelajaran tingkat sekolah menengah atas sering kali dimulai dengan menggunakan teks-teks yang struktur penulisannya mudah. Salah satu pembelajaran teks yang melatih keterampilan menulis siswa dengan kaidah yang mudah adalah esai. Esai merupakan karangan yang membahas suatu topik secara sepintas. Penelitian ini menganalisis kesalahan berbahasa pada tataran sintaksis yang terdapat dalam esai karya siswa SMKIT Smart Informatika Surakarta tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Masalah yang ditelaah dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis-jenis kesalahan dan bagaimana kesalahan tersebut terjadi. Data berupa kesalahan gramatikal pada esai yang ditulis oleh siswa SMKIT. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis untuk menentukan jenis kesalahan dan bagaimana kesalahan itu terjadi. Hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan sintaksis pada esai karya siswa SMKIT Smart Informatika Surakarta tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu frasa, klausa, dan kalimat. Beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya kesalahan juga disajikan.Â The selection of texts in learning at the high school level often starts using texts with easy writing structures. One of the learning texts that practices writing skills of students with easy rules is essay. Essay is a paper that simply discusses a topic. This study analyzed grammatical errors in essay made by the students of SMKIT Smart Informatika Surakarta in 2018/2019. On that account, this article discusses types of and how such grammatical errors happen in the essays. Data in the forms of grammatical errors were collected from the texts. The results show that there are three levels of errors, i.e. phrases, clauses, and sentences. Factors for the errors to happen are also discussed.
Kandungan Unsur Hara Kompos Eceng Gondok yang Dikomposkan dengan Berbagai Macam PGPR
Authors: Istiqomah Nurul , Adriani Farida , Rodina Nina
Published: December 2019

Material compost can be foliage, rice husk, organic garbage, and herbs water hyacinth that considered to be weeds because the population is a huge and speed growing fast. To make use of herbs water hyacinth as compost can by using PGPR that serves as decomposer to accelerate decay. PGPR contained the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescent and Bacillus polymixa. The material used a source of PGPR, namely root bamboo, roots daughter shame, roots cane, and roots bulrush. The research aims to understand the influence of the nutrient content water hyacinth (Eichornia crassiper (Mart.)) in composted with different kinds of PGPR (roots bamboo, roots bulrush, roots daughter shame, and roots cane). The research in Kandang Jaya Village District of Lampihong Balangan Regency of February to the month of April 2016. The research using design random complete (RAL) single factor. Factors the treatment is types of material PGPR (P) as four the economic situation of PGPR bamboo roots (p1),  PGPR bulrush roots (p2), PGPR Mimosa pudica roots (p3) and  PGPR cane roots (p4) as 250 ml/decomposer. The research results show that the various from of PGPR is not had a real impact on the nutrient content N-total, P and K as well as the value of the C-organic on composting results c.
Cómo afrontan los adolescentes mexicanos el malestar depresivo
Authors: González Escobar Sergio , Valdez Medina José Luis , González-Arratia López-Fuentes Norma Ivonne , Velasco Monroy Dulce Belén
Published: December 2019

Los adolescentes son una población de alto riesgo de padecer depresión, observándose que es cada vez a edades más tempranas cuando se presenta, lo que hace que quienes la padecen en esta etapa de la vida la sufran hasta por dos años antes de buscar ayuda. Asimismo, las investigaciones en México han descuidado el estudio de las estrategias que los adolescentes emplean para afrontar la depresión. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar las estrategias que los adolescentes emplean cuando se sienten deprimidos. Para ello se trabajo con una muestra no probabilística conformada por 400 adolescentes, la mitad con escolaridad del nivel medio básico y el resto en el nivel medio superior. Asimismo, estuvieron repartidos equitativamente por sexo. Se utilizó la técnica de redes semánticas Naturales y todas las aplicaciones se realizaron dentro de los salones de clase. Los resultados mostraron que hombres y mujeres coinciden de manera importante por nivel educativo en las definidoras proporcionadas pero cuando se agrupan los hombres y las mujeres, por muestras totales, ya no coinciden tanto. De igual manera, se considera que la técnica resulta adecuada para el estudio. Por último se plantea que las estrategias empleadas por los adolescentes en realidad no les ayudan a disminuir las manifestaciones de la depresión y sólo funcionan como paliativos.
Redoble por Rancas: un discurso híbrido
Authors: Geraldo Camacho Diana V.
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo me propongo indagar sobre los distintos elementos narrativos y los diversos discursos que están implicados en la construcción de Redoble por Rancas. Las corrientes literarias que se tomarán en cuenta para el análisis son: novela neoindigenista, novela testimonial, narración lírica, crónica, novela de caballerías, discurso histórico y político. La intención es explicar cómo y con qué finalidad en esta novela trabaja armoniosamente la hibridación discursiva.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG GADAI EMAS DI PEGADAIAN SYARIAH CABANG KARAWANG
Authors: Diana Nana , Anita Widya Febryari
Published: December 2019

Abstrak

Persepsi diawali dengan penglihatan yaitu sesuatu keadaan yang ditangkap oleh mata ketika peserta didik diberikan rangsangan. Persepsi memiliki kaitan erat antara panca indera dengan otak manusia. Menurut Karwono dan Mularsih (2010: 24) menyatakan bahwa â€œPersepsi adalah interpretasi tentang situasi yang hidup.â€ Ar-rahn (gadai) adalah harta yang dijadikan jaminan utang (pinjaman) agar bisa dibayar dengan harganya oleh pihak yang wajib membayarnya, jika dia gagal(berhalangan) melunasiny. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode deskriptif, dimana data yang diperoleh dianalisis sehingga diperoleh berbagai gambaran yang menunjukkan persepsi masyarakat tentang gadai emas di Pegadaian Syariah. Disamping itu dilakukan pula dengan bentuk analisis lain seperti : grafik tabulasi silang (cross tab), tabel, frekuensi dan gambar (grafik).Dengan jumlah populasi nasabah yang aktif 1 tahun terakhir yaitu sebanyak 120 dan diambil sampel sebanyak 80 orang. Dari alasan nasabah memilih Pegadaian Syariah sebagai suatu solusi dalam menggadaikan emas dapat dilihat bahwa alasan nasabah memilih Perum Pegadaian Syariah sebagai solusi dalam menggadaiakan emas mempunyai alasan yang beragam. Hal itu didasarkan pada jumlah responden sebanyak 47 orang atau sebesar 58,75% dari total responden menyatakan bahwa alasannya menggadaikan emas di Pegadaian Syariah karena proses menggadaikan emas dengan syarat yang mudah, cepat dan aman. Sebanyak 29 orang atau sebesar 36,25% dari total responden menyatakan segala biaya yang ada persentasenya 5% kecil, sehingga tidak memberatkan peminjam. Sebanyak 3 orang atau sebesar 3,75% dari total responden menyatakan tidak ada pilihan lain.Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa nasabah menggadaikan emasnya di Pegadaian Syariah dengan alasan karena proses menggadaikan emas dengan syarat yang mudah, cepat dan aman.
DAFTAR ISI
Authors: Isi Daftar
Published: December 2019

DAFTAR ISI

Analisis Efektivitas Modal Kerja Terhadap Rentabilitas Perusahaan (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Koperasi KPRI Kanca Winaya, Kecamatan Klari Kabupaten Karawang) Acim Supriadi â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦1 â€“ 23

Analisa Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Pembentuk Fee Ijarah (PSAK 107) Terhadap Portofolio Rahn Emas di Bank Syariah Yanti â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦24 â€“ 55

Persepsi Masyarakat tentang Gadai Emas di Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Karawang Nana Diana, Widya Febryari Anita â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦56 â€“ 72

Pengaruh Cost of Rem Terhadap Real Earnings Management dengan Aset dan Market to Book Value sebagai Variabel Kontrol Tri Yulaeli â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦..73 â€“ 94

Pngaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dan GCG sebagai Variabel Moderating Verliani Dasmaran â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦. 95 - 111

Pengaruh Leverage, Struktur Modal, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Price Earning Ratio (Per), Pada Perusahaan Property Dan Real Estate Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Bei) Tahun 2009-2015. Citrasari â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦112-130

Pengaruh Perputaran Kas, Perputaran Piutang, Dan Perputaran Persediaan Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Perusahaan Otomotif Dan Komponen Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2010-2014. Nansy Herina â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦131 â€“ 149

Pengaruh Perputaran Kas, Perputaran Piutang Dan Perputaran Persediaan Terhadap Profitabilitas (Studi Pada Perusahaan Property Dan Realestat Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010-2016) Nining Sariningsih â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦..150 - 172
DEWAN REDAKSI
Authors: Redaksi Dewan
Published: December 2019

Dewan Redaksi BUANA AKUNTANSI

( Jurnal Buana Akuntansi )

Pelindung : Dr. H. Dedi Mulyadi, SE., MM.

Pimpinan redaksi : Dr. Budi Rismayadi, SE., MM.

Sekertaris Redaksi : Sari Marliani, Dra., MM

Anggota Redaksi : Tedy, SE., Ak., MM., CA., CPA., BKP (Universitas Islam Bandung)

Paojan Masâ€™ud Sutanto, SE., M.Ak (STIE Perdana Mandiri)

Editor : Yenni Arintawati, SE., Ak., MM

Mitra Bestari : Prof. Dr. Sukrisno Agoes., SE., Ak., MM., CPA (Universitas Tarumanegara)

Dr. Waluyo, M.Sc., Ak (Universitas Mercubuana)

Dr. Istianingsih Sastrodiharjo, MS.Ak., CA., CSRS (Indonesian Banking School)

Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Alamat Redaksi: Jl. HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Timu rKarawang 41361 Telp/Fax. 0267 8403140, email : akuntansi@ubpkarawang.ac.id site :lppm.ubpkarawang.ac.id
TRANSPARANSI PAJAK DAN KEPERCAYAAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (SURVEI PADAWAJIB PAJAK KOTA DKI JAKARTA)
Authors: Madjidainun Rahma
Published: December 2019

This research aims to identify and examine the effect of the Tax Transparency and Trust Taxpayers Against the Taxpayer Compliance existing areas of Jakarta. The method used is descriptive and associative. Target population studied is Unit in Unit 14 Analysis of the Tax Office in the region of Jakarta. Sampling technique used is random sampling. Model influence analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling ) with alternative method PLS ( Partial Least Square ) which is aimed at testing the Influence between Tax Transparency and Trust Taxpayers Against the Taxpayer Compliance that there diunit analysis has been given permission to conduct research. Results of the analysis showed that partially Tax Transparency and unsignificant positive effect on the Taxpayer Compliance. Similarly, the Trust Taxpayers partially positive and significant impact to the Taxpayer Compliance . Simultaneously Transparency and Trust Tax Taxpayers Against the Taxpayer Compliance effect, this means that the Tax and Trust trades Taxpayers together will increase the Taxpayer Compliance.

 

Keywords: Tax Transparency, Trust, Taxpayer Compliance.

 

 

Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh Transparansi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak yang ada wilayah DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan asosiatif. Populasi target yang diteliti ialah Satuan Kerja yang ada di Unit Analisis 14 Kantor Pelayanan Pajak diwilayah DKI Jakarta. Teknik sampel yang digunakan ialah random sampling. Model pengaruh di analisa menggunakan analisis SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) dengan metode alternative PLS (Partial Least Square) yang bertujuan menguji Pengaruh antara Transparansi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak yang ada diunit analisis yang telah diberi ijin untuk melakukan penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa Transparansi Pajak secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Begitu pula dengan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak yang secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Secara simultan Transparansi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak berpengaruh Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, hal ini berarti bahwa dengan Transakasi Pajak dan Kepercayaan Wajib Pajak bersama-sama maka akan meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.
ANALISA KEBUTUHAN MODAL KERJA DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VARIABEL COSTING DAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SERTA MANFAATNYA UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN LABA USAHA (STUDI KASUS PADA UKM TAHU BOGA RASA PERIODE JANUARI – DES
Authors: Ihsan Nasihin
Published: December 2019

This research is a descriptive research with quantitative approach done on UKM Tahu Boga Rasa. This study has four main objectives. First, aims to find out the analysis of working capital needs in determination the cost of production by using the method of variable costing and activity based costing. Second, to know the analysis of working capital needs for profit growth. Thirdly, to determine of cost of production by using variable costing and activity based costing method for profit growth. Fourth, to analyse of working capital needs in determine the cost of production by using the method of variable costing and activity based costing and its benefits for profit growth. The need for working capital in determine the cost of production by using the variable costing method is lower than the determination of cost of production method of activity based costing and its benefits for profit growth is to show the same value of profit growth, this is caused by the components of cost of production by using costing and activity based costing variables are different, so the value of working capital needs based on the determination of cost of production by using the method of variable costing is lower than the determination of cost of production using activity based costing method. In addition, the relatively fixed selling price results in relatively equal net profit value, but the production cost occurrs fluctuations and daily life expenses of the owner of UKM Tahu Boga Rasa is still borne by the business or not separated.

Keywords: Working Capital Needs (KMK), Cost of Production of Variable Costing, Cost of Production Activity Based Costing, Profit Growth
Експериментальні дослідження перерозподілу зусиль у двохпролітних нерозрізних залізобетонних балках за дії малоциклових повторних і знакозмінних навантажень
Authors: Масюк Г.Х. , Ющук О.В. , Федюк М.А.
Published: December 2019

У статті наведені результати випробувань двохпролітних нерозрізних залізобетонних балок за дії малоциклових повторних і знакозмінних навантажень, в яких виявлені особливості зміни опорного і прольотних, згинальних моментів та деформацій бетону і арматури. Встановлено, що процес зміни вказаних величин стабілізується на 5…6 циклах навантаження за дії малоциклових повторних навантажень, про що не можна сказати за процес зміни за дії малоциклових знакозмінних навантажень.
Фізико-механічні властивості відвальних горілих шахтних порід для дорожнього будівництва
Authors: Панасюк Я.І. , Маліков В.В. , Талах Л.О.
Published: December 2019

Експериментально доведено можливість використання відходів шахтного виробництва для дорожнього будівництва. Запропоновані склади сумішей для будівництва шарів дорожніх одягів.
Вплив наповнених міцел пар на міцність дрібнозернистого бетону
Authors: Шишкіна О.О. , Шишкін О.О.
Published: December 2019

Визначено вплив наповнених акриловим латексом міцел гідрофобних колоїдних поверхнево-активних речовин на міцність дрібнозернистого бетону. Доведено підвищення міцності означеного бетону та залежність її величини від водоцементного відношення та кількості наповнених акриловим латексом міцел гідрофобних колоїдних поверхнево-активних речовин.
Análise de Captura de Valor de pequenos produtores orgânicos e seus canais de distribuição na Califórnia
Authors: Rossi Scalco Andréa , Baker Gregory
Published: December 2019

The United States has recorded strong growth in organic produce, as measured both by arable land devoted to organics and the value of the organic products market. Among the countries that produce such products, it is the third largest country in terms of arable land devoted to organic production. Furthermore, the U.S. has the highest consumption of organic products. The decision made by small producers when choosing which sales channels to access is a complicated issue. In California, the state with the largest amount of land used for organic farming, small organic producers use between two and four distribution channels to sell their products. The principal objective of this article is to identify the extent to which the main distribution channels used by producers to sell their products result in value capture by the producer or its distribution channels. The study finds that producers concentrate their sales in channels where they capture the most value and use secondary channels to dispose of product that cannot be readily sold through priority channels. Furthermore, producers use direct sales channels, such as farmers’ markets – despite the highly specific assets involved in this transaction due to the large investments needed to access them – because they provide the greatest return in terms of product value among the various distribution channels.Keywords: organic; produce; value capture; distribution channels; supply chain.SCALCO, Andréa Rossi; BAKER, Gregory A. Value capture analysis of small organic growers and their distribution channels in California. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 566-589, out. 2019.Submitted in March 2019.Accepted in July 2019.
Morocco’s sugar industry: Modernization of sugar refining and market reorientation
Authors: Bergerhoff Peter-Dirk , Rogge Torben
Published: December 2019

The planned increase of the domestically produced sugar supply in Morocco entails upgrading and expansion of the production capacities. The refinery in Casablanca illustrates the expansion and modernization process from design to implementation described in this article, for which the projected screening plant, the construction of storage and conditioning silos with bulk loading facility, and the upgrading of production and packaging provide examples. Very special products, such as 2-kg sugar loaves and bars, and limited space availability posed particular problems that required individually tailored solutions.
Futures based pricing for Australian sugarcane growers
Authors: Milford Bernard , Males Warren
Published: December 2019

Australian cane growers can now access futures based pricing for their sugarcane. Direct access to futures market pricing has long been available to growers of commodities such as grains, cattle, cotton and others. Some sugar manufacturers have had access to these mechanisms but, in situations where cane growing and processing are separate, cane growers have traditionally been unable to hedge the price they receive for their product as unprocessed sugarcane is not deliverable against a futures contract. In Australia, many growers have recently commenced using futures based pricing mechanisms through new cane supply contracts with their sugar mills. Tonnages of sugar are apportioned to growers based on the cane price formula. Pricing contracts are ultimately closed through the pricing platform offered by the raw sugar marketing company. In this paper the range of price mechanisms available to cane growers in Australia are examined and the implications of these for industry sustainability are reviewed. These include a new, more commercial culture, longer-term cane supply contracts, growers’ ability to manage pricing decisions in light of their knowledge of growing costs and determine, to some degree, how much of the price risk they wish to manage and how much they wish to place in the hands of others.
Long-term storability of different sugarbeet genotypes – Results of a joint IIRB study
Authors: van Swaaij Noud , Huijbregts Toon
Published: December 2019

In 2008/09 and 2009/10, storage trials with 12 sugarbeet genotypes were carried out under different conditions in six countries. The genotypes were grown in strips and harvested in September/November either by machine (using good agricultural practice) or by hand. Samples were then stored either in nets incorporated in clamps or in separate nets/bags or containers inside a barn or climate room. All samples were weighed and analyzed before and after storage for sugar (by polarimetry), potassium, sodium, amino nitrogen, total soluble nitrogen, sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, betaine and glutamine content. After storage the samples were also examined visually.

Differences between the genotypes were observed for root tip breakage, sprouting, moulds and rot, although these differences were not unambiguous in all experiments and varied between the observations in the different countries. The sugar losses ranged from 0 to 66% of the initial amount and seemed to be related to various biotic and abiotic factors. Root damage by machine harvest and storage temperature were dominant factors in relation to the sugar losses. Genotypes also showed significant differences in sugar losses, but a strong interaction with year and site existed. Correlations could be found between sugar losses and initial sugar content (r = –0.66), initial betaine content (r = –0.62) and root tip breakage (r = +0.66) and after storage, moulds (r = +0.87), rot (r = +0.88) and invert sugars (r = +0.89).

Chemical analyses showed differences between the genotypes for the decrease in beet quality after storage, not only by a reduction in sugar content but also by an increase in invert sugar and soluble nitrogen.
Factory concepts for very low steam demand and status of implementation
Authors: Morgenroth Boris , Pfau Stefan
Published: December 2019

The export of power from cane sugar factories makes possible the production of “green energy” and proves nowadays to be a substantial source of revenue as well. Looking to the co-generation potential of the cane sugar industry, the power export is in fact still at a very early stage. This report gives an overview of concepts and measures that are required to achieve a low steam demand and high electrical power export for different factory concepts. The impact of sugar extraction by mills and diffusers as well as the option of producing refined sugar in an attached refinery is investigated. The factory models investigated allow steam demands to reduce to the range of 26–34% steam on cane. Such factory concepts are not theoretical any more but have been implemented and successfully proven in several plants in India, Brazil and Pakistan in the last five years. The report gives an overview of the actual achievements.
Grundlagen und Bedeutung des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes (IPS) – Entwicklung von zuckerrübenspezifischen IPS-Leitlinien
Authors: Gummert Annett , Ladewig Erwin , Märländer Bernward
Published: December 2019

Die neue EU-Richtlinie für die nachhaltige Verwendung von Pestiziden (2009/128/EG) verlangt die verbindliche Einhaltung von Grundsätzen des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes (IPS) in allen Mitgliedstaaten ab 2014. In Deutschland gelten nach dem Pflanzenschutzgesetz die Grundsätze der guten fachlichen Praxis (GfP) als Basisstrategie im Pflanzenschutz. Eine Gegenüberstellung der geltenden GfP-Grundsätze und der zukünftig einzuhaltenden allgemeinen IPS-Grundsätze zeigt das hohe Niveau, auf dem in Deutschland Pflanzenschutz betrieben wird. Ein Großteil der EU-Forderungen ist bereits in den GfP-Grundsätzen enthalten. Die EU-Richtlinie empfiehlt weiterhin die Anfertigung von kulturart- oder sektorspezifischen IPS-Leitlinien, die von den Anwendern von Pflanzenschutzmitteln freiwillig umzusetzen sind. Am Institut für Zuckerrübenforschung Göttingen wird in einem Verbundprojekt an der Erstellung eines abgestimmten Vorschlages für zuckerrübenspezifische Leitlinien des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes gearbeitet. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung des Zuckerrübenanbaus geleistet werden.
The development of sustainability standards in the sugar industry
Authors: Rein Peter W.
Published: December 2019

The production of bioethanol and biodiesel and the prospect of its importation into the EU have lead to various initiatives to ensure that only biofuels which are produced in a sustainable way are acceptable. Standards which are set to define the important sustainability issues are in various stages of development. The processes involved are of interest to the sugar industry, as both sugarcane and sugarbeet have enormous potential as feedstocks for bioethanol. The Better Sugarcane Initiative is underway to define standards for the sustainable production of both sugar and bioethanol from sugarcane. This paper attempts to discuss the major issues surrounding sustainable production of sugar and ethanol, outlining the processes involved in setting and maintaining sustainability standards. This is discussed in particular with respect to the development of the Better Sugarcane Initiative and looks forward to the implications for all stakeholders.
CO2-neutral steam generation for decentralized bioethanol production
Authors: Wetter Christof , Brügging Elmar , Baumkötter Daniel
Published: December 2019

This paper reports on the state of research and development in respect of the CO2-neutral steam generation for decentralized bioethanol production project sponsored by the German ministry for food, agriculture and consumer protection. The project is scheduled to run for two years and is being carried out by Professor Christof Wetter of the Münster University of Applied Sciences and his co-workers.

Its focal points are the investigation of the technical conduct of steam generation from exhaust gas heat in biogas-fired communal combined heat and power plants, determination of the plant efficiency factor, assessment of bioethanol production with CO2-neutral process steam, and small-footprint closure of the material and energy loops.
COMPARISON OF ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION AND FORMALIN INSTILLATION IN THE TREATMENT OF RADIATION INDUCED HAEMORRHAGIC PROCTOCOLITIS
Authors: Masood Muhammad Adnan , Mansoor Hala , Khan Muhammad Qayyum
Published: December 2019

Background: Radiotherapy is routinely used in the treatment of pelvic malignancies and about 2–5% of these patients develop radiation-induced proctitis or proctocolitis. This complication of radiotherapy is treated in different ways. Two of these treatments, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and formalin instillation, have both been reported as to be successful modalities, but data comparing them are scarce. We conducted this study to compare these two treatment options. Methods: We reviewed the charts of patients who had radiation-induced proctocolitis and who were treated endoscopically at our tertiary care cancer centre with either APC or formalin instillation. Outcomes of the two treatments were compared in terms of bleeding control after the first session of treatment, the number of sessions required and the nal response to therapy. Results: Out of a total of 26 patients presenting with haemorrhagic radiation proctocolitis, 11 were treated with APC and 15 with formalin instillation. Success after the rst session was 53% in the formalin instillation group compared to 18% in the APC-treated group. On repeated sessions, the final response to both treatment modalities was comparable. Conclusion: Efficacy of APC and formalin instillation in the treatment of haemorrhagic radiation proctocolitis is comparable although formalin showed a better outcome after the first session. Key words: Argon plasma coagulation, formalin instillation, proctitis, radiation-induced colitis
IS ACROMEGALY A HYPERCOAGULABLE CONDITION? CASE REPORTS AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Al Dahmani Khalid , Yip Churn-Ern , Anderson David , Burch Karen , Clarke David B , Imran Syed Ali
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with uncontrolled acromegaly. However, there are no published reports of an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in such patients. We report three patients with uncontrolled acromegaly who presented with VTE. Clinical Cases: A 52-year-old male with uncontrolled acromegaly despite transsphenoidal (TSP) surgery and medical therapy presented in 2012 with acute chest pain and shortness of breath that was later con rmed as secondary to pulmonary embolism. A 44-year-old male immigrant, previously treated for acromegaly with radiation therapy alone, in 1992, in his native country, was referred to our centre in 2006 for acromegaly which remained uncontrolled despite medical therapy until 2009 when he achieved remission through TSP surgery. He had several episodes of VTE between 2008 and 2010. A 69-year-old male with uncontrolled acromegaly for 28 years despite two surgical resections and radiation therapy in 1986 and 1992, as well as continuous medical therapy, presented with VTE of the right axillary vein and bilateral pulmonary emboli in 2011. A thrombophilia screen in case 1 showed mild protein S de ciency, case 2 was homozygous for factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation and case 3 was heterozygous for FVL. Extensive investigations revealed no evidence of malignancy and echocardiography showed preserved ejection fraction in all three patients. Conclusion: Patients with uncontrolled acromegaly may be at increased risk of VTE. However, larger studies are required to further assess this association and determine the underlying cause. Key words: Acromegaly, pituitary tumours, thromboembolism
PHYLLOIDES TUMOUR: REVIEW OF AN UNCOMMON BREAST PATHOLOGY AT A SPECIALIZED CANCER CENTRE
Authors: Niazi Samiullah K , Sayyed Raza , Chaudary Zulkernain , Khan Amina I , Khan Huma M , Bibi Shahida
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Phyllodes tumours are rare breast tumours that comprise almost 1% of breast tumours. The outcome for these tumours is generally considered better than breast cancers. We review the cases of phyllodes tumour presenting to a specialised cancer centre over a 14 year period. Materials and Methods: All case records with the diagnosis of phyllodes tumour between 1999 and 2012 were retrieved from the cancer registry. Patient demographics, tumour site, size, axillary lymph node status, whether primary or recurrent, metastatic status, histological type, type of surgery, any complication, margin positivity, post-operative radiation therapy, local or distant recurrence, morality and follow-up duration were recorded. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results: A total of 77 cases of phyllodes tumour were seen between 1999 and 2012. All patients were female with a mean age of 39.9 years. All patients presented with a breast lump with median duration of 8 months. Almost two-thirds (65%) of the patients presented with primary tumour compared to 10% recurrent tumours and the rest were referred after surgery outside. Median size on histopathology was 5 cm (IQR 3.5–8.5 cm). Over a median follow-up duration of 31 months (IQR 9–48 months), 69 patients (89.6%) were alive, while 3 patients (3.9%) did not survive and 5 patients (6.4%) were lost to follow-up. Recurrence was seen in 10 (13%) patients with median time to recurrence of 12 months (IQR 7–24). Involved axillary lymph nodes and borderline or malignant histopathology were found to be signi cantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.04), while margin positivity, post operative radiation therapy and histopathology were not signi cantly associated with recurrence. Conclusion: Phyllodes tumour is an uncommon breast tumour that is predominantly treated with surgical excision. Although survival with these tumours is better compared to breast cancers, involvement of axillary nodes and borderline or malignant histopathology confer an increased risk of recurrence in these patients. Key words: Breast cancer, phyllodes tumours, survival
FAMILIAL PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed Imran
Published: December 2019

The natural history and inheritance of familial papillary thyroid carcinoma (FPTC) remain unclear. A specific genetic defect responsible for this condition and its inheritance is yet to be established. The penetrance, mode of inheritance and treatment of this familial thyroid condition are different from other familial thyroid conditions (familial medullary thyroid cancer). Presented here is a family of four sisters in which three developed multifocal PTC. A 47-year-old lady presented with incidental finding of multinodular goitre and normal thyroid function. She had three other sisters who were diagnosed with PTC at age 46, 48 and 49 years. Detailed clinical history of her sisters was gathered from them over telephone as they all moved to different parts of world in their twenties. Literature review was carried out to find similar patients reported in literature. Environmental factors were less important in the development of PTC in this family. It was also interesting that all three were diagnosed with the condition at a very similar age. FPTC behaviour was not more aggressive than sporadic form of disease. There is not enough evidence in literature to suggest prophylactic thyroidectomy in relatives of patients with PTC. Since the exact inheritance pattern of this condition is not known, detailed family history is important in patients with thyroid disorders to identify high-risk patients. Genetic factors are much more important than environmental factors in the development of this condition. The first-degree relatives should be assessed clinically for further investigations if two individuals in the same family develop the condition at similar age.Key words: Familial follicular thyroid cancer, familial papillary thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer
PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY: RATIONALE AND ITS PAKISTANI PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Jovindah Sheheryar , Sheikh Hassan Shahryar
Published: December 2019

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DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING’S SYNDROME; BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed Imran , Noor Muhammad Usamah Bin
Published: December 2019

Cushing’s syndrome remains an uncommon diagnosis with majority of non-specific and few specific clinical features suggestive of the condition. Results of biochemical investigations are often affected by confounding factors making diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome difficult and localisation of the disease even more challenging. Careful assessment of the individual patient and use of the most suitable test in that patient may allow improved outcome in diagnosing and localising the condition to devise an appropriate management plan.Key words: Cushing’s syndrome, hypercortisolism, dexamethasone suppression test, Pseudo-Cushing’s
COMPARISON OF MAMMOGRAPHY AND ULTRASOUND COMBINED VERSUS ULTRASOUND ALONE IN EARLY EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMATIC BREAST CANCERS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Bano Razia , Khan Huma M , Ehsan Ayesha , Malik Awais Amjad , Aqeel Shahper , Khan Amina I
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect diagnostic accuracy of mammography and ultrasound combined versus ultrasound alone in early evaluation of symptomatic breast lesions.Materials and Methods: All new patients who presented to the breast clinic with symptomatic breast lesions, during the year 2012, were included in the study. A total of 695 patients were registered. Their clinical findings, mammogram, ultrasound and histopathology were reviewed.Results: Mammogram and ultrasound combined detected 693 (99.71%) lesions in total. Mammogram failed to detect lesions in 1.43% of patients, whereas the failure rate of ultrasound was 0.43%. The incidence of microcalcifications on mammogram was 19.13%.Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful tool in the initial evaluation of symptomatic breasts. For places such as Pakistan where mammogram is not available at every centre, ultrasound can be used as an effective alternative for the assessment of symptomatic breast lesions.Key words: Breast cancer, mammography, ultrasound
HYBRID BONE SCINTIGRAPHY IN GASTROINTESTINAL MALIGNANCIES – INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Rashid Nazia , Riaz Saima , Bashir Humayun , Mehmood Shafqat
Published: December 2019

Objective: Bone metastases in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are uncommon and known to be predominantly lytic thus rendering a limited role for conventional bone scintigraphy. The aim of the study is to review Tc99m MDP bone scans performed in patients with known GI malignancy and the utility of Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT in characterization of bone lesions.Methods: Retrospective review of bone scans was done from June 2014 to December 2016 in patients with known GI malignancy, using electronic Hospital Information System.Results: A total of 110 patients (60 males, 50 females; Age range: 22–84 years, Mean Age 51.4 years with SD of 14.8) had bone scan over a period of 30 months. The commonest indications for referral were suspected bone metastasis on other imaging modalities including [CT (n = 56), Magnetic resonance imaging (n = 10), Positron emission tomography/CT (n = 6)], musculoskeletal pain (n = 37), pathological fracture (n = 1), neurological symptoms (n = 1), hypercalcemia (n = 1) and others (n =14) including restaging workup etc. Metastatic lesions were identified in 32 (29%) patients whereas 78 (71%) patients had benign non-aggressive lesions leading to normal bone scans. Among 32 patients with osseous metastasis, 8 (25%) patients had unifocal lesion; axial skeleton (n = 2) appendicular skeleton (n = 6), 24 (75%) patients had multifocal lesions; axial skeleton (n = 6), appendicular skeleton (n = 6) and both axial + appendicular (n = 12). Four (12%) patients had concurrent visceral metastases. In our cohort, based on the location of primary tumour, the frequencies of osseous metastasis were; esophagus = 15 out of 43 (35%), gastric = 7 out of 18 (39 %), gastro-esophageal junction = 1 out of 8 (1.5%) and colorectal = 9 out of 40 (22.5). SPECT/CT was acquired in 29 out of 110 patients, which characterized metastatic lesions (n = 12) and benign looking non-aggressive entities (n =17). Overall, bone scan upstaged disease in 31% and down staged 15% patients.Conclusion: Bone metastases in GI malignancies, though uncommon, show an aggressive pattern, with axial and appendicular involvement, and can be readily identified with hybrid bone scintigraphy in symptomatic patients. Key words: Hybrid imaging, Tc99m MDP, bone metastases, gastrointestinal malignancies
COMPARISON OF DOCUMENTED PATIENT CARE BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF END OF LIFE CARE PATHWAY FOR TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS AT SHAUKAT KHANUM MEMORIAL CANCER HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE
Authors: Ghafoor Irum , Hafeez Haroon , Naz Farhat , Abu Baker Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Cancer primarily deals with cancer patients and has various departments which provide best-integrated lifesaving care. However, when patients who have been given all possible medical and oncological treatment still progress their disease, they are then referred for best supportive care to palliative care department. The aim of this paper was to audit documented care for palliative patients before and after implementation of end of life care (ELC) pathway.Materials and Methods: We used a retrospective method to audit 45 terminally ill patients over a period of 3 months. Then, a re-audit was done over a period of 3 months and data were collected for patients who were started on SKM-ELC pathway.Results: Results show that the implementation of ELC pathway, 67% of the patients were not prescribed PRN medications for symptom control, 20% of the patients were not reviewed for the need of assisted nutrition and for 20% of the patient’s primary team were not even notified that the patient is dying. After the ELC pathway implementation, it was found that 100% of patients were reviewed for PRN medications and assisted nutrition. Oncologists were timely notified that the patient is dying.Conclusion: In summary, we can say that implantation of ELC pathway has significantly improved documented patients care in all aspects.Key words: Cancer, care for dying, end of life care, goals of care pathway
Retracted: Diagnostic Dilemma of a Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Yahya Salman , Zafar Sonia , S. Babar Hafsa
Published: December 2019

Diaphragmatic hernia post esophagectomy is a rare complication but a reality in its existence. It is typically difficult to diagnose but highly depends on keeping high index of suspicion. In our case report, the young male who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma, remained disease free and stable in his 9 months follow up, suddenly presented in the emergency department with the symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain, vomiting and tachycardia. The case was typically complicated by the initial treatment given for acute ischemia and cardiogenic shock. Radiological findings proved to be helpful and turning point in the diagnosis and overall management.
PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI KONSUMSI SAYUR DAN BUAH MELALUI COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY (CBT)
Authors: Purnama Sari Etika
Published: December 2019

Many children didn’t like to consume vegetables and fruit, they consumed it in value standard below from WHO. The aim from this study explained the increasing motivation within consume vegetables and fruits through Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). The study design was quasy experiment with prepost control group design. The variables studied were motivation within consume vegetables and fruits. The samples obtained were 27 respondents for intervention group and 28 respondents for control group using purposive sampling. Collecting data includes demographic data and motivation data with questionnaire. Based on Mann Whitney U Test, p value for pretest between intervention and control group was 0,495 with α=0,05 it means that there wasn’t different in motivation consume vegetables and fruit, but for posttest p value was 0,029 it means that there was different in motivation. Based on mean value, there was increasing value for intervention group from 29,30 to 31,91 it means that CBT could increasing motivation to concume vegetables and fruits in children. The increasing motivation could happen because CBT changes the irrational thinking or negative thinking about vegetables and fruit to rational thinking or positive thinking. CBT could be an alternative method to motivate children to consume vegetables and fruits.

Banyak anak-anak tidak suka mengkonsumsi sayur dan buah sehingga menunjukkan angka dibawah standar WHO. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan tentang peningkatan motivasi konsumsi sayur dan buah melalui Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasy experiment dengan kelompok kontrol pre-post. Variabel yang diteliti adalah motivasi dalam mengkonsumsi sayur dan buah. Sampel yang digunakan terdapat 27 responden untuk kelompok perlakuan dan 28 reponden untuk kelompok kontrol dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner demografi dan motivasi. Berdasarkan hasil tes Mann Whitney U dengan signifikansi p=0,05 didapatkan nilai p=0,495 pada pretest antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan, sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan motivasi sedangkan pada hasil posttest kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan menunjukkan p= 0,029 sehingga terdapat perbedaan dan dan terdapat peningkatan mean value pada kelompok kontrol dari 29,30 menjadi 31,91. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa CBT mempengaruhi motivasi anak-anak dalam mengkonsumsi sayur dan buah. Peningkatan motivasi terjadi karena CBT dapat mengubah pemikiran irasional dan negatif terhadap sayur dan buah menjadi lebih rasional dan positif. CBT dapat digunakan sebagai metode alternatif dalam meningkatkan motivasi anak untuk mengkonsumsi sayur dan buah.

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PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN BALITA DI PAUD MUTIARA BUNDA
Authors: Rukmini Rukmini
Published: December 2019

Knowledge of parents is very important for the development of fine motor gross motor skills. As a result, at a certain age children can not perform development tasks as a stage years of age. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge of mothers about early childhood development in early childhood in Paud Mutiara Bunada Surabaya. Desain this research is descriptive survey. The population is all Mothers who have children aged 3-4 years in early childhood mother of pearl, with a total sampling technique sampling, samples taken from 30 orang.Analisa data using deskriptif. The results analysis studies suggest that maternal age factor of the majority of women aged 24 -27 years old (73.30%); an educational background is majority SMA (73.34%); resources of informations with electronic by 36.67%. The level of knowledge of mothers in early childhood at Paud Mutiara Bunda Surabaya is  half were knowledgeable enough for 43.30% .With such knowledge in early childhood mother pearl mother needs to be supported with media information more interesting because it is supported reproductive age so can be easily receive information with a educational background.

Pengetahuan orang tua sangat penting bagi perkembangan motorik halus motorik kasar. Akibatnya pada umur tertentu balita belum bisa melakukan tugas perkembangan yang sesuai dengan kelompok umurnya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan balita di Paud Mutiara Bunda Surabaya.Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan survei. Populasinya adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai balita usia 3-4 tahun di Paud Mutiara bunda, dengan tehnik pengambilan sample total sampling, sample yang diambil sejumlah 30 orang.Analisa data menggunakan analisa deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa dintinjau dari faktor usia ibu mayoritas ibu berusia 24-27 tahun (73,30%); dengan latar belakang pendidikan adalah mayoritas SMA(73,34%); dengan sumber informasi yang didapat melalui media elektronik sebesar 36,67%. Berdasarkan tingkat pengetahuannya ibu-ibu di Paud Muatara Bunda kurang dari setengahnya adalah berpengetahuan cukup sebesar 43,30 %.Dengan demikian pengetahuan ibu di Paud Mutiara bunda perlu ditunjang dengan media informasi yang lebih menarik karena ditunjang usia produktif dan latar belakang pendididkan yang dapat dengan mudah menerima informasi.

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