bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teleconsultation – The Pandemic Mantra or the New Norm?
Authors: Shwetha V. , Sujatha S. , Rakesh N. , Kumar T. Pavan , Vaishnavi P. , Sreekanth P.
Published: September 2024

Background:

December 2019 witnessed an outbreak of coronavirus disease. This disease soon intensified its spread as a pandemic engulfing the health and economic status of countries worldwide. The route of transmission of this virus is through droplet spread or contact with secretions or infected surfaces. The health-care professionals were the most vulnerable group for contracting and spreading the infection. The dental professionals who come in close contact with oral secretions during various operative procedures were also at high risk of contracting the infection. Governments across the globe issued a lockdown to curtail the spread of the infection. To render essential and emergency health services, teleconsultation provided a lot of assistance in health management.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing a validated questionnaire survey was used to assess the perceptions of dental health professionals regarding the utility of teleconsultation during the pandemic. The survey also assessed the drawbacks of teleconsultation and its implications on practice in the near future. 504 dentists answered the questionnaire and descriptive statistical analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The response rate was 63% (504 out of 800). 90.1% of the dentists felt that teleconsultation was definitely better than traditional care services during the pandemic. Majority (61.15%) of dentists felt that teleconsultation was extremely helpful during the pandemic period to manage patient-related queries and provided the satisfaction of discharging their duties toward the patient. They felt that teleconsultation services could be extended even beyond the pandemic period and could have promising implications in future.

Conclusion:

Teleconsultation proved to be a feasible alternative to in-person appointments during the pandemic and helped in reducing viral transmission and compliance with social distancing measures. It also holds promise for future implications in routine dental practice. With further improvements in technology and application of artificial intelligence in teleconsultation could improvise remote patient monitoring and diagnosis and treatment planning in the near future and prove us a useful tool.
Effectiveness of School-Based Oral Health Education in Influencing Oral Health among School Children-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Menon P. Arathi , Shivakumar Sahana , Bhambani Garima , Singh Tarun Pratap , Khare Anshika , Pathak Anuja
Published: September 2024

Oral health education (OHE) is considered an effective method to prevent oral diseases. Various studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of OHE among school children, and the most desirable person to render the same still remains a question. The aim of the review was to evaluate the effectiveness of OHE rendered by qualified dentists and school teachers in school children in improving oral hygiene and dental caries. Controlled trials with OHE as intervention for not more than 2 years among 4–15 years of age assessing either Sillnes and Loe Plaque index, Loe and Sillness Gingival index, and Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT)/ Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth Surface (DMFS) were included. Studies extracted from various databases were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. The findings from the selected five studies were subjected to quantitative analysis using Review Manager 5.4 version using random effect models. Results showed that OHE provided by school teachers are as effective as those rendered by qualified dentists in improving plaque index (P = 0.81), gingival index (P = 0.55), and caries status (P = 0.77) in school children. OHE is an effective method for reduction of plaque accumulation and improving gingival health though not as effective in reducing dental caries. Improvement in oral hygiene and caries status through OHE is possible irrespective of the person rendering.
Evidence-Based Decision-Making
Authors: V Kurien Vino Tito , Shamsuddeen Suhana , Mahitha M. C. , Rasheed Diya S.
Published: September 2024

Evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) entails the explicit, conscientious, and prudent evaluation of the best available information in making medical decisions. The process of EBDM involves learning the latest approaches and gaining new skills such as how to ask excellent clinical questions, carrying out a computerized search, critically evaluating the evidence, utilizing the findings in clinical settings, and analyzing the process. This method acknowledges that it is difficult for the practitioners to be totally up to date on all illnesses, treatments, materials, or products accessible. As a result, EBDM provides a method for filling in these knowledge gaps to give the best possible care. The basic goal of evidence-based practice is to improve health-care quality. It assists to arrive at a clinical decision on the basis of the latest and advanced research and the best possible evidence. Facilitating EBDM that leads to better patient outcomes, smarter research planning, better products, and improved policy formulation is critical and timely. This article gives an insight into EBDM and various levels of evidence.
Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap in Females
Authors: Bhattacharya Shreya , Panuganti Achyuth , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Balasubramanian Deepak , Iyer Subramania
Published: September 2024

Background:

Pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap still finds a place in oral cancer reconstruction in certain settings such as salvage, free flap failure, and medically unfit patients. In females, raising a PMMC is considered challenging owing to its unreliability and donor site morbidity. We hereby report a literature review of the female PMMC and present our technique of the harvest to overcome these caveats.

Patients and Methods:

We followed our method of flap harvest in eight women. The lower neck flap and the upper chest flap are dissected and elevated in continuity. The skin paddle is placed completely in the infra-mammary crease, the dissection superior to the flap is done to raise the breast tissue off the PMMC, thus maintaining the integrity of breast tissue and incorporating the least amount of fat between the muscle and skin paddle.

Results:

The indications for the female PMMC were locally advanced primary in 2, surgical salvage in 2, free flap failure in 3, and medical comorbidity in 1 patient. Two patients had partial flap loss, one patient contracted a surgical site infection and another developed a seroma; all were managed conservatively. None had a complete flap loss. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 6 days.

Conclusion:

PMMC is still a viable reconstructive option in selected female patients. Our technique of flap harvest gives acceptable outcomes and retains the breast aesthetics.
The Cephalometric Norms of Afro-Arab Population
Authors: Younso Muathe Abdulghani , Abuaffan Amal Hussein
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

We aimed to determine the skeletal and dental cephalometric norms for Sudanese adults.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 106 lateral cephalograms (51 males and 55 females) aged 18–25 years with Class I occlusion and well-balanced profile were enrolled in this study. Twenty-seven variables were analyzed digitally by VistaDent software according to the McNamara, Tweed, and Jarabak analysis.

Results:

A statistically significant difference between genders was found in the skeletal variables (sella-nasion-B point angle, A point-nasion-B point angle, facial plane angle, Y-axis, mandibular to anterior cranial base angle, mandibular to Frankfort horizontal plane angle, mandibular to maxillary plane angle, anterior cranial base length, posterior facial height, anterior facial height, lower anterior facial height, effective maxillary length, effective mandibular length, and maxilla-mandibular difference) and dental variables (maxillary incisor to anterior cranial base angle, mandibular incisor to Frankfort horizontal plane angle, and lower incisor edge to A point-pogonion line distance). Skeletally, Sudanese males had more prognathic maxilla and more prominent chin. The males had longer midfacial lengths and mandibular lengths. Sudanese adults had a tendency toward bimaxillary protrusion with slight dental proclination than Arab, and less protrusion compared with African or African American populations.

Conclusion:

The results give a better insight for proper diagnosis and treatment planning for Sudanese orthodontic and orthognathic patients.
Role of Physiotherapy in Rehabilitation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD) and Oral Cavity Cancers
Authors: Singhavi Hitesh Rajendra , Pai Ameya A. , Khan Aysha , Patel Hardik , Nandakumar Namita , Heroor Anil
Published: September 2024

Oral cavity cancer (OCC) treatment is associated with functional defects, morbidity, and significant chances of recurrence. Functional defect in terms of restriction of movement, reduced mouth opening, dysphagia, difficulty in speech results in poor quality of life (QoL). However, with timely physiotherapy majority of the functional loss can be rehabilitated. Training of physiotherapy needs to be started from preoperative time period setting up the mindset for postoperative rehabilitation. Literature lacks the robust data on the effects of physiotherapy for each step of cancer management (pretreatment, perioperative, and postoperative stage). In this systematic narrative review, we lay down the available evidence through extensive search of the available literature on the role of timely physical therapy in improving QoL in oral submucous fibrosis, preoperative and perioperative setting in OCC patients. The reviewed articles also shed light on perioperative role of physiotherapy in tracheostomy care, chest physiotherapy, prevention of deep vein thrombosis, speech, swallowing function, neck, shoulder movement, donor site hand, and leg mobility is highlighted. The review also highlights post-treatment management of trismus, dysphagia, lymphedema, and its recent advances.
Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Porphyromonas gingivalis a Key Causative Pathogen in Periodontitis
Authors: Sachdeva Shivani , Saluja Harish , Mani Ameet
Published: September 2024

Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease, which is characterized by gingival inflammation and bone loss. Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and reproductive system-related abnormalities. The recent theory attributes the pathogenesis of periodontitis to oral microbial dysbiosis, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis acts as a critical agent by disrupting host immune homeostasis. Lipopolysaccharide, proteases, fimbriae, and some other virulence factors are among the strategies exploited by P. gingivalis to promote the bacterial colonization and facilitate the outgrowth of the surrounding microbial community. Virulence factors promote the coaggregation of P. gingivalis with other bacteria and the formation of dental biofilm. These virulence factors also modulate a variety of host immune components and subvert the immune response to evade bacterial clearance or induce an inflammatory environment. The antibody-based concept of P. gingivalis as a causative agent in human periodontitis is based on the humoral immune response; P. gingivalis is probably a causative agent in periodontal disease, and this humoral immune response is probably protective. P. gingivalis fimbriae promote monocytes and macrophage activation. Stimulation of memory T-cells derived from periodontitis patient with P. gingivalis has been shown to induce higher interleukin (IL)-4 production than in healthy controls. The induction of IL-4-producing memory T-cells in peripheral blood tended to coincide with that of autologous periodontitis lesion sites. The article focuses to discuss the virulence factors of periodontal pathogens, especially P. gingivalis, and their roles in regulating immune responses during periodontitis progression.
Locoregional Radiotherapy in Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer – Review Article of Recent Trials
Authors: Bora Ghritashee , Sarma Gautam
Published: September 2024

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has a high prevalence in Southeast Asian regions and up to 80% of patients present with locally advanced disease. Almost 10% present with distant metastases, associated with unfavorable outcomes and poor prognosis. With the advent of newer radiotherapy techniques and systemic therapy, a good cure can be achieved in early and locally advanced diseases. However, the mainstay of treatment in metastatic NPC remains to be only palliative chemotherapy. Recently various studies have been conducted to validate the role of local radiotherapy in the locoregional site in a metastatic setting along with systemic therapy. Hence, here, we present a review of the literature supporting the addition of radiotherapy to the locoregional site in metastatic NPC.
Oral Health Status of Individuals Affected with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Krishnan Nitin Anand , Kumar S. Vijay , Nair Aarya H. , Kavitha R. , Govind M. Sree , Remya M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Kidney diseases can lead to various oral manifestations as a result of systemic diseases which directly or indirectly affecting the kidney. Evidence suggests that in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), periodontal disease also tends to progress.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the oral health status of individuals with CKD and also to correlate oral health diseases with different stages of CKD.

Methods:

Oral health status of the patients was obtained from hospital records. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores and periodontal status were assessed in these patients.

Results:

With increasing stages of CKD, loss of attachment also shows an increasing trend, and the correlation was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.015). Mean scores of the highest loss of attachment of stage 5 and stage 4 showed a significant difference in scores with those of stage 3 (P = 0.13 and P = 0.27, respectively). DMFT scores were not found to significantly vary according to CKD stages.

Conclusion:

In the present study, it was observed that individuals with advanced stages of CKD are more prone to develop periodontal lesions compared to those with mild CKD. Dental caries in individuals affected with CKD are not found to vary according to the severity of the kidney disease.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Dentists; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Thorat Nikhil Chandrakant , Sahana S , Chauhan Neeraj , Singh Tarun Pratap , Khare Anshika
Published: September 2024

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common occupational illnesses in the world. Dental professionals are more prone to injuries and pain in their muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints, which are known as MSDs. Prolonged static postures, repeated actions, workplace designs, poor alignment, genetic predisposition, mental stress, physical conditioning, age, and nonwork activities are all factors that might contribute to musculoskeletal pain (MSP). This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the articles were retrieved from the search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science after fulfilling the eligibility criteria. After screening, a final of ten articles were included in the final analysis. This systematic and meta-analysis follows the PRISMA checklist. Medcalc software was used in order to find the significance of the prevalence of lower back pain, followed by neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, and hand and wrist pain in dental practitioners. Significant differences were considered at P < 0.05. A total of ten studies were included, of which six studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis. The prevalence rates of musculoskeletal diseases were high. The lower back was the region most affected (47.753%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.007–50.509), followed by the upper back body region (44.167%, 95% CI: 41.300–47.063%), neck pain (41.633%, 95% CI: 39.066%–44.234%), shoulder pain (33.608%, 95% CI: 31.222%–36.058% and 18.656%), and hand/wrist pain (95% CI: 16.359%–21.128%). Work-related MSP is the major health problem among dental professionals. Working posture of dental professionals is important and has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of work-related MSDs. A proper ergonomic design and posture can reduce the MSP. Therefore, further research is needed on possible ergonomics needed for preventing MSDs.
The Enigma of Ileal Perforation with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Narula Jasmine Kaur , Arora Ritik , Upadhyay Prateek , Ahlawat Prashant , Gupta Prateek , Victor Khandavalli John Francis
Published: September 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI) and perforation peritonitis are life-threatening emergencies – both requiring urgent medical and surgical interventions. We present here a case of a patient who presented with both in the emergency. An ST-segment elevation MI was detected in the electrocardiogram while taking the patient to the operating room in the absence of any typical symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Owing to the urgent need for surgical exploration of the perforated gut, the patient was operated under a very high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Perioperatively, multiple challenges were encountered. The patient was then shifted to the intensive care unit postoperatively. A multidisciplinary approach was applied in the management of these time-sensitive emergencies, which when present concomitantly made deciding the line of approach crucial. A lack of literature on acute MI in emergency surgical patients makes this case a matter to deliberate upon.
Ergonomics and the Anesthesiologist
Authors: Saxena Kirti N.
Published: September 2024

Ergonomics is defined as the study of human and other factors of a system. Ergonomic factors during procedures and surgeries are important, because highly skilled performance is required in a medical environment. Evidence exists that even simple surgical procedures have associated occupational hazards if ergonomic principles are overlooked. Anesthesia is one of the most complex medical specialties, which involves precision, minute-to-minute monitoring, and continuous revaluation and adjustments. There is a paucity of published data in ergonomics applied to anesthetic procedure and none that examine patient, operator, and environmental factors simultaneously. Operating room environment has been studied as an ergonomic factor affecting anesthesia outcome. Ergonomics of anesthesia equipment and performance of common tasks such as endotracheal intubation and spinal anesthesia have been studied. The following ergonomic principles can reduce the fatigue and benefit health of anesthesiologists.
Increase in screen-time for children during COVID times and its effects
Authors: Khan S Muhammad Salim , Dkhar Sabira Aalia , Quansar Ruqia , Haq Inaamul
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Children born today see a totally changed world. They are well experienced and exposed to technology. They have a lot of dependencies and needs on the Internet and technology in the form of educational help, recreational, or even entertainment. This kind of predisposition to digital screens has recently increased with lockdown all over the world, leading to many complications in different spheres of health like mental, physical, social, and others.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study. The data collection was done using an online questionnaire, which was pretested in a pilot study and then later was done through Google forms. The parents of children using mobile phones and having access to the Internet were contacted and included in the study population. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPPS version 20.

RESULTS:

Approximately 307 parents participated in the study. Positive association was seen between increase screen time and children having personal device (P = 0.001), with increase of age (P = 0.000), where parents felt that the child was addicted (P = 0.032), with children having impact on physical heath (P = 0.000), maximum screen time allowed without causing health concern (P = 0.000), and preference of online educational app (P = 0.011).

CONCLUSION:

Though the digital medium can be beneficial in many ways, providing access to quality education even during these unclear times, however increased exposure to the screen can be harmful to a child’s health in many ways.
Parasellar massive meningioma cured with therapeutic purgation (virechana) and nasal instillation (Nasya)
Authors: Kajaria Divya , Wasnik Kundan Sushilkumar
Published: September 2024

Meningiomas are a benign type of intracranial tumor. Age and the site of the tumor are the two deciding factors for the prognosis. The majority of meningiomas are non-malignant, but these tumors can grow slowly and may have a progressive complicated stage, which if left untreated can be life-threatening. Presently, surgical excision is the commonest use treatment modality; radiotherapy is also used in some cases where complete surgical excision is not possible. A craniotomy is required for proper excision of the tumor and it has its own disadvantages, if not done properly can be severely disabling and may even endanger life. The cost of the surgery is also one of the limiting factors in poor and developing countries. Therefore, surgical options mostly opt for large meningiomas. This article gives detail of a case of meningioma in the left parasellar region extending medially and superiorly, displacing the pituitary stalk and indenting left orbital nerve;treated successfully with Ayurvedic treatment modalities including Virechana (~therapeutic purgation) and Nasya (~nasal instillation) therapies with a total duration of treatment was one month. CT Brain contrast imaging was the diagnostic and assessment tool used to ascertain the outcome of the treatment.
Impact of COVID-19 on essential health services in Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Sharmin , Nahar Nasreen , Mahbub Md Shahriar , Morshed Kazi Abu Mohammad , Miah Abu Said Juel
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

The COVID-19 pandemic, one of the greatest public health challenges, has unleashed damage to human health as well as socioeconomic disruptions on an unprecedented scale. The study looked into the experiences of the people seeking essential healthcare services during COVID-19 and the short-term and long-term consequences of the denial of getting these services during the pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This rapid assessment collected data from 2,483 randomly selected households having an average family size of 4.89 people residing in 16 districts of 8 divisions during the reference period of April 2020 to August 2020.

RESULTS:

A decline of around 10% in the recommended number of antenatal check-ups (4 or more) was observed. Fear of infection, economic fallout, and absence/redeployment of medical staff to pandemic management are the primary reasons many pregnant women avoided seeking necessary healthcare. Only 1 in 5 (21%) of surveyed households received the family planning services that they required. Around a quarter of all newborn children missed the BCG vaccination. More than half (56.3%) of the families with members having chronic diseases opted for self-exclusion from healthcare services. The healthcare cost increased while the average income decreased by a third of the pre-pandemic level. The inability to express problems adequately to a physician was the commonest difficulty faced by the respondents while using telemedicine—a useful tool during a health crisis.

CONCLUSION:

Measures need to be taken based on the assessment to mitigate any potential long-term impact on people surviving the COVID-19 pandemic.
Unraveling the interplay between inflammation and stem cell mobilization or homing: Implications for tissue repair and therapeutics
Authors: Chang Hsin-Hou , Liou Yu-Shan , Sun Der-Shan
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Inflammation and stem cell mobilization or homing play pivotal roles in tissue repair and regeneration. This review explores their intricate interplay, elucidating their collaborative role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury or disease. While examining the fundamentals of stem cells, we detail the mechanisms underlying inflammation, including immune cell recruitment and inflammatory mediator release, highlighting their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Central to our exploration is the modulation of hematopoietic stem cell behavior by inflammatory cues, driving their mobilization from the bone marrow niche into circulation. Key cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and autophagy, an intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in this process, are discussed alongside their clinical relevance. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell homing in response to inflammation contributes to tissue repair processes. In addition, we discuss stem cell resilience in the face of inflammatory challenges. Moreover, we examine the reciprocal influence of stem cells on the inflammatory milieu, shaping immune responses and tissue repair. We underscore the potential of targeting inflammation-induced stem cell mobilization for regenerative therapies through extensive literature analysis and clinical insights. By unraveling the complex interplay between inflammation and stem cells, this review advances our understanding of tissue repair mechanisms and offers promising avenues for clinical translation in regenerative medicine.
The obesity paradox exists in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of body mass index effects on clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention in Asia
Authors: Andrianto  , Albab Chabib Fachry , Mahardika Nandha Pratama
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major contributors to illness and death globally. Body mass index (BMI) is a well-established prognostic factor on cardiovascular risk outcome. Numerous investigations have provided evidence for the existence of the obesity paradox after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the association between BMI and the results following PCI has not been extensively investigated in Asian populations. The research aims to fill the current void in understanding by investigating the association between BMI and clinical consequences following PCI, with a particular focus on Asian individuals. A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library to identify studies examining the effect of BMI on clinical outcome after PCI in Asia. R Studio 4.3.2 software was used to carry out the analysis of the data. A total of 182,110 patients who had gone through PCI were found in the 5 included cohorts. A meta-analysis conducted on the subjects revealed that patients who were overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.57, 0.63], P < 0.0001) had a lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to individuals with a healthy weight and patients with obesity (OR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.41, 1.05], P = 0.006) had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than healthy weight individuals. The study also found that overweight patients (OR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.39, 0.91], P = 0.02) had a lower risk of cardiac mortality. In addition, obese patients (OR = 0.41, 95% CI [0.19, 0.88], P = 0.02) had a lower risk of noncardiac mortality. However, the study found that there were no differences in major adverse cardiovascular event, myocardial infarction, and bleeding between all patient groups. This meta-analysis supports the presence of an obesity paradox after PCI in Asian populations. The obesity paradox was evident in all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and noncardiac mortality.
An observational study to assess endoscopic and histological effects of radiation treatment-induced acute changes in the upper gastrointestinal mucosa of patients having upper gastrointestinal tract within radiation portal
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Uwais , Varshney Kartik , Afrose Ruquiya , Akram Mohammad
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Radiation-induced injury to the gastrointestinal tract serves as an important factor working against the better utility of this important intervention. Only a few studies have been reported in the literature so far. In the current study, we have studied the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on upper gastrointestinal mucosa and highlighted the incidence of RT-induced gut toxicity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was an open-labeled, hospital-based, cross-sectional study. Informed written consent was obtained from the patient. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was done in the gastroenterology laboratory, department of medicine by the guide using an Olympus CV-150 Video Endoscope. Three upper gastrointestinal (esophageal/gastric/duodenal) mucosal samples were taken through EGD from a patient and were sent for histopathological examination to the department of pathology. Reports were collected and data were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Out of total of 30 patients, 24 (80%) cases had esophagitis, 4 (13.3%) cases had esophageal ulcers, and 1 (3.34%) had esophageal candidiasis. One (3.34%) had esophageal stricture and only two (6.7%) had hiatus hernia. One (3.34%) patient had esophageal mass. Fifteen patients (50%) had pangastritis and 16 (53.3%) had antral gastritis. One (3.34%) patient had evidence of distorted villous architecture and as many as 20 (66.6%) had chronic duodenitis. The most striking feature was intraepithelial dilated and congested vessels with marked acanthosis in 7 (23.33%) cases. Basal cell hyperplasia was seen in 8 (26.67%) cases causing irregular acanthosis of squamous epithelium.

CONCLUSION:

In an Indian population, this is the first reported study to be undertaken to consider these factors in cancer patients to the best of our knowledge. We found notable radiation-induced injury in the upper gastrointestinal tract in the patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Orbital invariants of billiards and linearly integrable geodesic flows
Authors: Belozerov Gleb Vladimirovich , Fomenko Anatoly Timofeevich
Published: September 2024

Orbital invariants of integrable topological billiards with two degrees of freedom are discovered and calculated in the case of constant energy of the system. These invariants (rotation vectors) are calculated in terms of rotation functions on one-parameter families of Liouville 2-tori. An analogue of Liouville's theorem is proved for a piecewise smooth billiard in a neighbourhood of a regular level. Action-angle variables are introduced. A general formula for rotation functions is obtained. There was a conjecture due to Fomenko that the rotation functions of topological billiards are monotone. This conjecture was confirmed for many important systems, but interesting billiard systems with nonmonotone rotation functions were also discovered. In particular, orbital invariants of billiard books realizing (up to Liouville equivalence) linearly integrable geodesic flows of 2-dimensional surfaces are calculated. After a suitable change of the parameters of the flows these functions become monotone.
Bibliography: 45 titles.
Evaluation of Infant Feeding Practices from 0 to 9 Months: A Case Study of General Hospitals in Bonoua and Dabou, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Coulibaly Gnelle Assita , Yepie Audrey Herbert , Kone Naty Tadiogo , Anin-Atchibri Anin L. , Dadie Adjehi
Published: September 2024

The dietary regimen of infants during their first nine months is crucial for their growth and development, yet it often reveals suboptimal  practices. A prospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the feeding practices of 120 infants aged 0 to 9 months. This study  took place over a 7-month period in the general hospitals of Bonoua and Dabou. Socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding  practices, and infant dietary diversification were determined using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the majority of infants were male 50.8%, delivered vaginally, and had a normal birth weight. Early breastfeeding initiation was observed in only 13.3% of infants,  attributed to factors like mother-infant separation and cleaning 32.5%, infant sleepiness 27.5%, and maternal milk absence 15.8%.  Moreover, over half of the mothers 55% were unaware of the importance of colostrum. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by merely  24.2% of mothers. Introduction of complementary foods began before 6 months in 65.8% of cases, with 44.1% starting before 4 months.  Foods introduced early included water, fruits, industrial cereals, and "Anagobaka." Foods introduced later comprised vegetables, fruits,  potatoes, starches, fish, eggs, meat, dairy products, and fats. In conclusion, awareness campaigns are essential to improve infant feeding  practices in the cities of Dabou and Bonoua.
Effects of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium on biomass production of Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf) and Brachiaria ruziziensis< Germ. & C.M. Evrard in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Souleymane , Sanou Lassina , Ouattara Baba , Kiema Sebastien
Published: September 2024

Legumes and grasses play an important role in livestock production and sustainable agriculture. In semi-arid regions like Burkina Faso,  most of the natural rangelands are degraded with the low quantity and quality of forage. Thus, it is imperative to explore the strategies  that could improve the biomass production of palatable legumes and grasses. In this study, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium  and magnesium on the quality and quantity of biomass of Stylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria ruziziensis was evaluated in the experimental designs. The results showed that the best biomass production of B. brizantha  and B. ruziziensis was: 2.3 t DM/ha for a dose of P0D0N50 and 0.9 t DM/ha for a dose of P50D0N0 in June; 2.6 t DM/ha for the dose of  P0D400N50 and 1.734 t DM/ha for a dose of P0D0N0 in July; 3.9 t DM/ha for a dose of P100D400N50 and 2.4 t DM/ha for a dose of  P0D400N0 in August. The highest biomass values of S. hamata and S. guianensis were: 1.9 t DM/ha for a D0P50 dose and 2.2 t DM/ ha for  the D0P100 dose in June; 4.4 t DM/ha for the D400P100 dose and 5.4 t DM/ha for the D0P50 dose in July; 6.1 t DM/ha for the D0P100 dose  and 9.5 t DM/ha for the D0P50 dose in August. From the results it can be seen that, fertilizers improved the biomass production of forage  species, which is an advantage in meeting the feed needs of livestock.
Information on the extinction of butterflies from Ethiopia
Authors: Getu Emana
Published: September 2024

Insects are said to be the most successful organism on earth because of their abundance. Auto of the 1.6+million animals known to science 1+ million are insects which are over two third of the described animals so far. Of over 30 insect orders, the order Lepidoptera is the 2nd abundant order comprising about 180,000 insect species.  Lepidoptera is divided in two major groups: butterflies and moths. The former species is diurnal, and the latter is nocturnal. The order comprises both beneficial and harmful insects. Some species from the butterflies’ group are good pollinators of plants. Butterflies are beautiful which as a result people use them to decorate their houses by hanging dead butterflies on the wall of their houses, which is very common in Europe. For tourist attraction some countries in Africa like Kenya have what is known as a butterfly farm. In Ethiopia up to recent time, most butterflies present in other tropical countries were abundantly present. In Addis Ababa and its surroundings where there are parks, forests, road sides and hotel compounds, it was very traditional to look at six to seven types of butterflies with different colors and sizes flies in the sky. However, this days you do not find any at all times of the year. Similar observations were made in Jimma, Adama, Bishoftu, Nekemete and Asosa. From this non-existence or diminishing number of butterflies, I concluded that butterflies extinction in Ethiopia become a reality. Hence, action should be taken to bring back butterflies to Ethiopia after compiling data on causes for the extinction.
Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in Western Equatoria State, South Sudan
Authors: Jada Stephen Raimon , Abd-Elfarag Gasim O.E. , Amaral Luis-Jorge , Hadermann Amber , Colebunders Robert
Published: September 2024

Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) is a neglected public health problem in remote African regions endemic to onchocerciasis with  suboptimal elimination programmes. OAE manifests in previously healthy children aged 3-18 years in the absence of any obvious cause  for epilepsy and is marked by a diverse range of seizure types, including head nodding seizures (nodding syndrome). This paper reviews  recent studies investigating the association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy in South Sudan. Surveys in Maridi, Mundri West, and  Mvolo Counties demonstrated a very high prevalence (3-6%) and incidence of epilepsy, as well as substantial onchocerciasis serological  prevalence (12-34%) in young children. However, a longitudinal population-based study conducted in Maridi and Mvolo showed that  strengthening onchocerciasis elimination programmes was followed by a significant and consistent reduction in the incidence of  epilepsy. Despite this progress, a large epilepsy treatment gap and a high level of misconceptions about epilepsy and epilepsy-related  stigma were observed. Treating epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic regions is challenging. More advocacy is needed to provide  uninterrupted access to free anti-seizure medication and promote community awareness programmes for improving the lives of persons  with epilepsy and their families in these impoverished areas.
Neurocysticercosis epilepsy diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Woro Ronald M. E.
Published: September 2024

Neurocysticercosis is prevalent in most developing countries where pork is consumed. It is estimated that approximately 30% of cases of  epilepsy may be due to neurocysticercosis. We present a case of a middle-aged man who presented to a health facility in the city of Juba  in South Sudan with tonic-clonic seizures and left-sided weakness. He was originally diagnosed as having epilepsy and Transient  Ischaemic Attacks (TIA). Post-seizure confusion and odd behaviour prompted referral to a psychiatrist but was referred to the Juba Medical Complex (JMC) for a medical opinion and further management. The diagnosis of cysticercosis was confirmed on Computerised  Axial Tomographic (CAT) scanning and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Verbal consent was obtained from the patient to publish his  clinical details anonymously.
Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome: A case series in five adults
Authors: Parker Lucy , Ahmad Moneeb , Mukherjee Sandeep , McAlinden Paula
Published: September 2024

Phalangeal Microgeodic Syndrome (PMS) is rare, characterised by cold related discolouration, pain and swelling of the digits. A handful of  case reports exist mainly in a paediatric population in Japan. We describe five cases of PMS. The underlying aetiology remains  uncertain, however, a possible correlation with infection or autoimmune dysregulation may suggest a common pathway which is yet to  be identified. However, many cases seem to resolve spontaneously.
VOCABULARY ELEMENTS IN CARTOONS "RAFADAN CREW, DIGITAL CREW, TRAFFIC CREW"
Authors: KAPLAN Beyza Nur , TOPÇUOĞLU ÜNAL Fulya
Published: September 2024

In this study, it is aimed to discuss how cartoons can benefit students to enrich their vocabulary by making determinations on the vocabulary in the cartoon series "Rafadan Crew, Digital Crew and Traffic Crew" and to make recommendations on the subject. The object of study of the study consists of the first five episodes of the three cartoon series, which are the continuation of each other, on the TRT Children's channel, which broadcast free-to-air on Turkish televisions between the years 2014 2023. These cartoons were chosen among the most watched cartoons by children in Turkey. Documentary scanning method was used to collect detailed data about cartoons and vocabulary. In the analysis of the collected data, frequency and content analyzes of the data analysis used in qualitative studies were used. For content analysis, vocabulary was defined as the main theme, terms, slang expressions, proverbs, idioms, reduplications, foreign words, stereotypes, and stereotypes (relationship) were defined as sub-themes. The data of the themes are expressed as frequency values according to the parts of the cartoon series. Then, the data related to the themes were formatted as tables. As a result, it was observed that the cartoon series preferred as the research group in this study would have a positive effect in terms of supporting students' vocabulary. Keywords: Vocabulary, cartoon, Rafadan Crew, Digital Crew, Traffic Crew.
MYTHOLOGY IN ZİYA GÖKALP AND CAMBIL CABAYEV
Authors: YERKEZHAN Seitkazy
Published: September 2024

This article deals with the origin and history of the terms myth, mythology. There were described myths and features which are common to the Turkic world. Also the main theme of discussion were the peculiarities and similarities of the earth mythology, water and sky worlds of Turkish literature. Descent of the "Jeruyik" concept originates from the written monuments of Sak, Hun, Orkhon. The article analyzes the mythical nature of the concept. In Kazakh literature, the "jeruyik" concept originates from the time of Asan's grief. The "jeruyik" concept is an idea similar to heaven on earth. Jeruyik means peace, freedom and liberty for the Kazakh nation after independence. Zhambyl Zhabayev is known as Kazakh Homer. In Zhabayev's poems, the "jeruyik" concept is considered together with the mythology of "paradise". At the same time, there were analyzed the mythical examples found in the poems of the Turkish poet Ziya Gökalp regarding to the homeland, the birthplace. The characteristic features and elements of Turkish literature were clearly shown in this article. Comparative analyzes are made and relevant conclusions are drawn. Key words: Myth, mythology, homeland, jeruyik.
USE OF MUSIC TRANSCRIPTION IN THE INTERNET ENVIRONMENT
Authors: ÖZEN Canberk , KARAELMA Barış
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to identify various resources on the internet environment regarding transcription method and skill, which has an important place in the field of music. During the study process websites consisting of online educational guides on how to do music transription, online services with commercial job postings regarding music transcription and the use of and sharing of music transcription on social media were examined. In this study, survey method was used and it has a descriptive nature. Examples from online educational guides on music trancription and paid transcription services were selected and examined, and a general evaluation was carried out related to the use of music transcription on social media. As a result of the study, the online educational guides including instructions on the methods, software tools and process steps used in music transcription process contain similar suggestions, and transcripton is available for a fee on many internet service since it is an important skill, and that the social media platforms are effective in sharing and disseminating music transcripton. Keywords: Music Transcription, Musical Skills, Internet Resources, Online Educational Guides, Turkish Music Studies.
PERAN ORANGTUA DALAM MENANAMKAN KEMANDIRIAN PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI RA AT-TAUHIDIYAH SERANG
Authors: Mubarok Ahmad
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the high level of independence in children, which is thought to be related to the formation of independence in children. The aim of this research is to describe the development of children's independence in families at RA At-Tauhidiyah, Serang City by instilling self-confidence in children, developing children's habits and developing communication with children. This research is quantitative descriptive. The population and sample of this study were parents of children aged 5-6 years. The data collection technique is a questionnaire and data collection, the tools used are a questionnaire and data analysis techniques through percentage calculations. The results of the research show that increasing independence through increasing parental self-confidence is classified as good, increasing independence through parental socialization is classified as very good, and increasing parental independence is classified as very good. Good communication between parents and children is considered very good. These three aspects of research greatly influence children's independence
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA WAYANG KERTAS PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JAWA
Authors: Ngajijah Ngafifatul , Azizah Wida Nurul , Mukhlasin Ahmad
Published: September 2024

This research aims to produce learning media products that are suitable for use for learning in MI (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) or SD (Primary School). This research is development research or Research and Development to obtain the results of certain products used during research which is a needs analysis to test the validity of the product so that it can function for students in MI or elementary school and the wider community. Before being tested on MI children, the media developed was validated by media experts and material experts. The instrument used to collect data was a media expert and material expert feasibility test questionnaire. This research produces learning media in the form of paper puppets for learning Javanese. Meanwhile, the feasibility of this product is proven by the validation results of media experts getting an average percentage of 78.5%, the feasibility test of material experts getting an average percentage of 82%. Based on the trial at school I with an average percentage of 86.2% in the very feasible category and the trial at school II with an average percentage of 94.1% in the very feasible category. Based on the results of implementation tests which show that the product developed in the category is very feasible so that over all it is suitable for use as a learning medium