bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
V907 Sco Switched to the Eclipsing Mode Again
Authors: Zasche Petr , Vokrouhlický David , Barlow Brad N. , Mašek Martin
Published: February 2023

V907 Scorpii is a unique triple system in which the inner binary component has been reported to have switched on and off eclipses several times in modern history. In spite of its peculiarity, observational data on this system are surprisingly scarce. Here we make use of the recent Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations, as well as our own photometric and spectroscopic data, to expand the overall data set and study the V907 Sco system in more detail. Our analysis provides both new and improved values for several of its fundamental parameters: (i) the masses of the stars in the eclipsing binary are 2.74 ± 0.02 M
⊙ and 2.56 ± 0.02 M
⊙; and (ii) the third component is a solar-type star with mass

1.06

−
0.10

+
0.11

M
⊙ (90% C.L.), orbiting the binary on an elongated orbit with an eccentricity of 0.47 ± 0.02 and a period of 142.01 ± 0.05 days. The intermittent intervals of time when eclipses of the inner binary are switched on and off are caused by a mutual

26

.°

2

−
2.2

+
2.6

inclination of the inner- and outer-orbit planes, and a favorable inclination of about 71° of the total angular momentum of the system. The nodal precession period is

P

ν

=

63.5

−
2.6

+
3.3

yr. The inner binary will remain eclipsing for another ≃26 yr, offering an opportunity to significantly improve the parameters of the model. This is especially true during the next decade when the inner-orbit inclination will increase to nearly 90°. Further spectroscopic observations are also desirable, as they can help to improve constraints on the system’s orbital architecture and its physical parameters.
Patchy Kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect with Controlled Reionization History and Morphology
Authors: Chen Nianyi , Trac Hy , Mukherjee Suvodip , Cen Renyue
Published: February 2023

Using the novel semi-numerical code for reionization AMBER, we model the patchy kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect by directly specifying the reionization history with the redshift midpoint z
mid, duration Δz, and asymmetry A
z. We further control the ionizing sources and radiation through the minimum halo mass M
h and the radiation mean free path λ
mfp. AMBER reproduces the free-electron number density and the patchy kSZ power spectrum of radiation–hydrodynamic simulations at the target resolution (1 Mpc h
−1) with matched reionization parameters. With a suite of (2 Gpc/h)3 simulations using AMBER, we first constrain the redshift midpoint 6.0 < z
mid < 8.9 using the Planck 2018 Thomson optical depth result (95% CL). Then, assuming z
mid = 8, we find that the amplitude of

D

ℓ
=
3000

pkSZ

scales linearly with the duration of reionization Δ
z
and is consistent with the 1σ upper limit from South Pole Telescope (SPT) results up to Δ
z
< 5.1 (Δ
z
encloses 5%–95% ionization). Moreover, a shorter λ
mfp can lead to a ∼10% lower

D

ℓ
=
3000

pkSZ

and a flatter slope in the

D

ℓ
=
3000

pkSZ

−

Δ

z

scaling relation, thereby affecting the constraints on Δ
z
at ℓ = 3000. Allowing z
mid and λ
mfp to vary simultaneously, we get spectra consistent with the SPT result (95% CL) up to Δ
z
= 12.8 (but A

z
> 8 is needed to ensure the end of reionization before z = 5.5). We show that constraints on the asymmetry require ∼0.1 μ
k
2 measurement accuracy at multipoles other than ℓ = 3000. Finally, we find that the amplitude and shape of the kSZ spectrum are only weakly sensitive to M

h
under a fixed reionization history and radiation mean free path.
The Binary and the Disk: The Beauty is Found within NGC3132 with JWST
Authors: Sahai Raghvendra , Bujarrabal Valentin , Quintana-Lacaci Guillermo , Reindl Nicole , Van de Steene Griet , Contreras Carmen Sánchez , Ressler Michael E.
Published: January 2023

The planetary nebula (PN) NGC 3132 is a striking example of the dramatic but poorly understood mass-loss phenomena that (1–8) M
⊙ stars undergo during their death throes as they evolve into white dwarfs (WDs). From an analysis of JWST multiwavelength (0.9–18 μm) imaging of NGC 3132, we report the discovery of an extended dust cloud around the WD central star (CS) of NGC 3132, seen most prominently in the 18 μm image, with a surface-brightness-limited radial extent of ≳2″. We show that the A2V star located 1.″7 to CS’s northeast (and 0.75 kpc from Earth) is gravitationally bound to the latter, as evidenced by the detection of relative orbital angular motion of 0.°24 ± 0.°045 between these stars over ∼20 yr. Using aperture photometry of the CS extracted from the JWST images, together with published optical photometry and an archival UV spectrum, we have constructed the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the CS and its extended emission over the UV to mid-IR (0.091–18 μm) range. We find that fitting the SED of the CS and the radial intensity distributions at 7.7, 12.8, and 18 μm with thermal emission from dust requires a cloud that extends to a radius of ≳1785 au, with a dust mass of ∼1.3 × 10−2
M
⊕ and grains that are 70% silicate and 30% amorphous carbon. We propose plausible origins of the dust cloud and an evolutionary scenario in which a system of three stars—the CS, a close low-mass companion, and a more distant A2V star—forms a stable hierarchical triple system on the main sequence but becomes dynamically unstable later, resulting in the spectacular mass ejections that form the current, multipolar PN.
An Analytical Model of Turbulence in Parker Spiral Geometry and Associated Magnetic Field Line Lengths
Authors: Laitinen T. , Dalla S. , Waterfall C. O. G. , Hutchinson A.
Published: January 2023

Understanding the magnetic connections from the Sun to interplanetary space is crucial for linking in situ particle observations with the solar source regions of the particles. A simple connection along the large-scale Parker spiral magnetic field is made complex by the turbulent random walk of field lines. In this paper, we present the first analytical model of heliospheric magnetic fields where the dominant 2D component of the turbulence is transverse to the Parker spiral. The 2D wave field is supplemented with a minor wave field component that has asymptotic slab geometry at small and large heliocentric distances. We show that turbulence spreads field lines from a small source region at the Sun to a 60° heliolongitudinal and heliolatitudinal range at 1 au, with a standard deviation of the angular spread of the field lines of 14°. Small source regions map to an intermittent range of longitudes and latitudes at 1 au, consistent with dropouts in solar energetic particle intensities. The lengths of the field lines are significantly extended from the nominal Parker spiral length of 1.17 au up to 1.6 au, with field lines from sources at and behind the west limb considerably longer than those closer to the solar disk center. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding charged particle propagation and the importance of understanding the turbulence properties close to the Sun.
Simulation of the Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2020 May 29 Observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Cheng Lei , Zhang Ming , Lario David , Balmaceda Laura A. , Kwon Ryun Young , Cohen Christina
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a stochastic three-dimensional focused transport simulation of solar energetic particles (SEPs) produced by a data-driven coronal mass ejection (CME) shock propagating through a data-driven model of coronal and heliospheric magnetic fields. The injection of SEPs at the CME shock is treated using diffusive shock acceleration of post-shock suprathermal solar wind ions. A time-backward stochastic simulation is employed to solve the transport equation to obtain the SEP time–intensity profile at any location, energy, and pitch angle. The model is applied to a SEP event on 2020 May 29, observed by STEREO-A close to ∼1 au and by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) when it was about 0.33 au away from the Sun. The SEP event was associated with a very slow CME with a plane-of-sky speed of 337 km s−1 at a height below 6 R

S
as reported in the SOHO/LASCO CME catalog. We compute the time profiles of particle flux at PSP and STEREO-A locations, and estimate both the spectral index of the proton energy spectrum for energies between ∼2 and 16 MeV and the equivalent path length of the magnetic field lines experienced by the first arriving SEPs. We find that the simulation results are well correlated with observations. The SEP event could be explained by the acceleration of particles by a weak CME shock in the low solar corona that is not magnetically connected to the observers.
GlobULeS. IV. UVIT/AstroSat Detection of Extremely Low Mass White Dwarf Companions to Blue Straggler Stars in NGC 362
Authors: Dattatrey Arvind K. , Yadav R. K. S. , Rani Sharmila , Subramaniam Annapurni , Singh Gaurav , Sahu Snehalata , Singh Ravi S.
Published: February 2023

We report the discovery of extremely low mass white dwarfs (ELM WDs) as a companion of blue straggler stars (BSSs) in the Galactic globular cluster NGC 362 using images from AstroSat's Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT). Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 26 far-UV (FUV) bright member BSSs are created using data from the UVIT, the UltraViolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT), Gaia EDR3, and the 2.2 m ESO/MPI telescope. A single SED is fitted to 14 BSSs, whereas double-SED fits revealed ELM WDs as binary companions in 12 of the 26 BSSs studied. The effective temperature, radius, luminosity, and mass of the 12 ELM WDs are found to have a range of T
eff = 9750−18,000 K, R = 0.1−0.4 R
⊙, L = 0.4−3.3 L
⊙, and M = 0.16−0.20 M
⊙. These suggest that 12 BSSs are post-mass-transfer systems formed through the case A/B mass transfer pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first finding of ELM WDs as companions to BSSs in globular clusters. This cluster is known to have a binary BSS sequence, and the 12 binary and 14 single BSSs (as classified by the SEDs) follow the mass transfer and collisional sequence of BSSs in the color–magnitude diagram. The cooling ages of nine of the ELM WDs are found to be younger than 500 Myr. Though the binary BSSs may have formed during the core collapse (∼200 Myr) or as part of the dynamical evolution of the cluster, they provide new insights on the dynamics of this cluster.
Polarization Properties of the Weakly Magnetized Neutron Star X-Ray Binary GS 1826–238 in the High Soft State
Authors: Capitanio Fiamma , Fabiani Sergio , Gnarini Andrea , Ursini Francesco , Ferrigno Carlo , Matt Giorgio , Poutanen Juri , Cocchi Massimo , Mikusincova Romana , Farinelli Ruben , Bianchi Stefano , Kajava Jari J. E. , Muleri Fabio , Sanchez-Fernandez Celia , Soffitta Paolo , Wu Kinwah , Agudo Iván , Antonelli Lucio A. , Bachetti Matteo , Baldini Luca , Baumgartner Wayne H. , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Bongiorno Stephen D. , Bonino Raffaella , Brez Alessandro , Bucciantini Niccolò , Castellano Simone , Cavazzuti Elisabetta , Ciprini Stefano , Costa Enrico , De Rosa Alessandra , Del Monte Ettore , Di Gesu Laura , Di Lalla Niccolò , Di Marco Alessandro , Donnarumma Immacolata , Doroshenko Victor , Dovčiak Michal , Ehlert Steven R. , Enoto Teruaki , Evangelista Yuri , Ferrazzoli Riccardo , Garcia Javier A. , Gunji Shuichi , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Heyl Jeremy , Iwakiri Wataru , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Karas Vladimir , Kitaguchi Takao , Kolodziejczak Jeffery J. , Krawczynski Henric , La Monaca Fabio , Latronico Luca , Liodakis Ioannis , Maldera Simone , Manfreda Alberto , Marin Frédéric , Marinucci Andrea , Marscher Alan P. , Marshall Herman L. , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Ng C.-Y. , O’Dell Stephen L. , Omodei Nicola , Oppedisano Chiara , Papitto Alessandro , Pavlov George G. , Peirson Abel L. , Perri Matteo , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Pilia Maura , Possenti Andrea , Puccetti Simonetta , Ramsey Brian D. , Rankin John , Ratheesh Ajay , Romani Roger W. , Sgrò Carmelo , Slane Patrick , Spandre Gloria , Tamagawa Toru , Tavecchio Fabrizio , Taverna Roberto , Tawara Yuzuru , Tennant Allyn F. , Thomas Nicholas E. , Tombesi Francesco , Trois Alessio , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Turolla Roberto , Vink Jacco , Weisskopf Martin C. , Xie Fei , Zane Silvia
Published: February 2023

The launch of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) on 2021 December 9 has opened a new window in X-ray astronomy. We report here the results of the first IXPE observation of a weakly magnetized neutron star, GS 1826−238, performed on 2022 March 29–31 when the source was in a high soft state. An upper limit (99.73% confidence level) of 1.3% for the linear polarization degree is obtained over the IXPE 2–8 keV energy range. Coordinated INTEGRAL and NICER observations were carried out simultaneously with IXPE. The spectral parameters obtained from the fits to the broadband spectrum were used as inputs for Monte Carlo simulations considering different possible geometries of the X-ray emitting region. Comparing the IXPE upper limit with these simulations, we can put constraints on the geometry and inclination angle of GS 1826–238.
Interactions between Filament Fibrils and a Network Field
Authors: Song Zhiping , Zhang Jun , Fang Yue
Published: January 2023

Filaments are common structures in the solar atmosphere, and usually interact with their surrounding magnetic fields. However, interactions between filaments and network fields are rare. Here, we report interactions between filament fibrils and a nearby network field in the quiet Sun by employing observations from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) and Solar Dynamics Observatory. NVST Hα images show that several filament fibrils separated from the main body of the filament, and moved sideward. While a fibril met the network field, the movement of the fibril segment corresponding to the network field slowed down. Subsequently, weak extremely ultraviolet brightenings appeared near the interface of the filament and the network field, and then the fibril materials began to converge toward the network field. Meanwhile, continuous redshift signal enhancements appeared in the corresponding Dopplergrams, accompanying the convergences of the fibril materials. About 10 and 35 minutes later, two other similar processes occurred again. These observations imply that the network field blocks movements of the filament fibrils and weak magnetic reconnections between the blocked fibrils and the network field take place. We suggest that new field lines developed due to the magnetic reconnections, along which fibril materials fell down into the lower solar atmosphere. These results provide a new picture of filament material drainage.
Revealing the Progenitor of SN 2021zby through Analysis of the TESS Shock-cooling Light Curve
Authors: Wang Qinan , Armstrong Patrick , Zenati Yossef , Ridden-Harper Ryan , Rest Armin , Arcavi Iair , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Foley Ryan J. , Tucker Brad E. , Lidman Chris , Killestein Thomas L. , Shahbandeh Melissa , Anderson Joseph P , Angulo Rodrigo , Ashall Chris , Burke Jamison , Chen Ting-Wan , von Coelln Sophie , Dalrymple Kyle A. , Davis Kyle W. , Fulton Michael D. , Galbany Lluís , Gonzalez Estefania Padilla , Gao Bore , Gromadzki Mariusz , Howell D. Andrew , Ihanec Nada , Jencson Jacob E. , Jones David O. , Lyman Joseph D. , McCully Curtis , Müller-Bravo Tomás E. , Newsome Megan , Nicholl Matt , O’Neill David , Pellegrino Craig , Rest Sofia , Smartt Stephen J. , Smith Ken , Srivastav Shubham , Terreran Giacomo , Tinyanont Samaporn , Young David R. , Zenteno Alfredo
Published: January 2023

We present early observations and analysis of the double-peaked Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) SN 2021zby. TESS captured the prominent early shock-cooling peak of SN 2021zby within the first ∼10 days after explosion with a 30 minute cadence. We present optical and near-infrared spectral series of SN 2021zby, including three spectra during the shock-cooling phase. Using a multiband model fit, we find that the inferred properties of its progenitor are consistent with a red supergiant or yellow supergiant, with an envelope mass of ∼0.30–0.65 M
⊙ and an envelope radius of ∼120–300 R
⊙. These inferred progenitor properties are similar to those of other SNe IIb with a double-peaked feature, such as SNe 1993J, 2011dh, 2016gkg, and 2017jgh. This study further validates the importance of the high cadence and early coverage in resolving the shape of the shock-cooling light curve, while the multiband observations, particularly UV, are also necessary to fully constrain the progenitor properties.
Dusty-wind-clear JWST Super-early Galaxies
Authors: Fiore Fabrizio , Ferrara Andrea , Bischetti Manuela , Feruglio Chiara , Travascio Andrea
Published: February 2023

The JWST discovery of a number of super-early (redshift z > 10) blue galaxies requires these systems to be essentially dust free in spite of their large stellar masses. A possible explanation is that dust is evacuated by radiatively driven outflows. We test this hypothesis by deriving the Eddington ratio λ

E
= L
bol/L

E
, where L
bol is the bolometric luminosity produced by star formation and possible black hole accretion, for 134 galaxies at 6.5 < z < 16. We find a strong anticorrelation between λ

E
and dust UV optical depth,

τ

1500

∝

λ

E

−
0.63

;

also, λ

E
increases with redshift. We confirm that galaxies exceeding a specific star formation rate sSFR > 13 Gyr−1 develop powerful outflows clearing the galaxy from its dust. This result is supported by ALMA dust continuum nondetections in three super-early systems.
Relationship between Anxiety and Fatigue in Leukemia Patients on Quality of Life with Nausea and Vomiting as an Intervening Factor
Authors: Ramdaniati Sri , Kusmiati Sri , Herliana Lia
Published: February 2023

AIM: This study aims to identify anxiety and fatigue in children with leukemia on the quality of life. METHODS: Current research was implemented through a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design on children suffering from leukemia and undergoing a series of chemotherapy cycles. Through this design, the researcher measured the dependent variable, independent variable, and mediator variable at the same time with a sample of 82 people. Data collection was further done using PEDSQL 3 for cancer module. Meanwhile, the analysis used is path analysis which involves nausea and vomiting as a mediator. RESULTS: The results showed that the factor that had a direct relationship with the child’s quality of life was nausea and vomiting (p < 0.05) which was then analyzed using Sobel analysis resulting that nausea and vomiting were not a mediator of fatigue and anxiety. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to every nursing care practitioner to intervene in order to reduce anxiety and fatigue in children according to their condition. CONCLUSION: Anxiety and fatigue together have a relationship with nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients suffering from leukemia and undergoing chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting have a significant direct relationship with quality of life. Anxiety and fatigue have a direct relationship with quality of life without being mediated by nausea and vomiting variables.
The TOP-100 most dangerous invasive alien species in Northern Eurasia: invasion trends and species distribution modelling
Authors: Petrosyan Varos , Osipov Fedor , Feniova Irina , Dergunova Natalia , Warshavsky Andrey , Khlyap Lyudmila , Dzialowski Andrew
Published: February 2023

Northern Eurasia is extensive and includes terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems that cover several natural zones and access to the seas of three oceans. As a result, it has been invaded by numerous invasive alien species (IAS) over large temporal and spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to assess invasion trends and construct species distribution models for the Russian TOP-100 most dangerous IAS. Environmentally suitable regions for IAS were established based on alien species attribute databases, datasets of 169,709 species occurrence records (SOR) and raster layers of environmental variables using species distribution modelling (MaxEnt). The objectives of this research were to (1) create databases of SOR for the TOP-100 IAS in Russia; 2) determine pathways, residence time, donor regions and trends of invasions; (3) determine the main types of spatial distributions of invasive species and their relation to residence time; and (4) distinguish regions with the highest richness of IAS that have a strong impact on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of Russia. We found that although species invasions date back over 400 years, the number of naturalized IAS has increased non-linearly over the past 76 years. The TOP-100 list is mainly represented by unintentionally introduced species (62%) which are characterized by different introduction pathways. Species occurrence records revealed that 56 IAS are distributed locally, 26 are distributed regionally and 18 are widespread in Russia. Species with local, regional or widespread distributions were characterized by residence times of 55, 126 or 190 years, respectively. We found that IAS with local distribution can expand their range into suitable regions more extensively (expected increase by 32%) than widespread species (expected increase by only 7%). The procedure of identifying hot/cold spots locations based on SOR allowed us to identify the Russian regions with the highest richness of IAS. Our results and the integrated database that we created provide a framework for studying IAS over large temporal and spatial scales that can be used in the development of management plans for dangerous IAS.
Spatial analysis of cultural ecosystem services using data from social media: A guide to model selection for research and practice
Authors: Neill Andrew , O'Donoghue Cathal , Stout Jane
Published: February 2023

Experiences gained through in person (in-situ) interactions with ecosystems provide cultural ecosystem services. These services are difficult to assess because they are non-material, vary spatially and have strong perceptual characteristics. Data obtained from social media can provide spatially-explicit information regarding some in-situ cultural ecosystem services by serving as a proxy for visitation. These data can identify environmental characteristics (natural, human and built capital) correlated with visitation and, therefore, the types of places used for in-situ environmental interactions. A range of spatial models can be applied in this way that vary in complexity and can provide information for ecosystem service assessments. We deployed four models (global regression, local regression, maximum entropy and the InVEST recreation model) to the same case-study area, County Galway, Ireland, to compare spatial models. A total of 6,752 photo-user-days (PUD) (a visitation metric) were obtained from Flickr. Data describing natural, human and built capital were collected from national databases. Results showed a blend of capital types correlated with PUD suggesting that local context, including biophysical traits and accessibility, are relevant for in-situ cultural ecosystem service flows. Average trends included distance to the coast and elevation as negatively correlated with PUD, while the presence of major roads and recreational sites, population density and habitat diversity were positively correlated. Evidence of local relationships, especially town distance, were detected using geographic weighted regression. Predicted hotspots for visitation included urban areas in the east of the region and rural, coastal areas with major roads in the west. We conclude by presenting a guide for researchers and practitioners developing cultural ecosystem service spatial models using data from social media that considers data coverage, landscape heterogeneity, computational resources, statistical expertise and environmental context.
Three new monobasic genera and three new species of the New World treehopper tribe Acutalini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to all genera
Authors: McKamey Stuart H.
Published: January 2023

Three new genera in Acutalini are described, two of which have two discoidal cells (R2+3 and M) in the forewing, as in Euritea Stål. Ceresinoidea zackigen. nov. et sp. nov., from Guatemala, differs from other acutalines in having a pair of suprahumeral spines and a stepwise convex pronotum in lateral view. Quinquespinosa septamaculagen. nov. et sp. nov., which is widely distributed in South America, differs in having a basal cell M and three posterior pronotal spines. Tectiforma guayasensisgen. nov. et sp. nov., from Ecuador, has the pronotum strongly tectiform throughout. A key to all genera of Acutalini is provided.
Optimal dietary protein to carbohydrate ratio for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae
Authors: Eggink K.M. , Donoso I.G. , Dalsgaard J.
Published: January 2023

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) larvae can utilise biowaste streams and convert them into high-quality larval biomass. However, the nutritional requirements of BSF larvae are largely unknown and remain to be identified to optimally use biowaste streams for BSF rearing. The current study thus investigated the optimal dietary protein to carbohydrate ratio for industrially reared BSF larvae for food and feed applications. In addition to a chicken feed control with a crude protein to non-fibre carbohydrate ratio (P:C) of 1:3, six isoenergetic and isolipidic experimental substrates were formulated with the P:C ratios ranging between 1:1 – 1:9. Each substrate was fed to triplicate groups of 5-days old larvae (n=10,000 per box) reared under commercial scale conditions for 11 days before harvesting. Highest overall performance was observed for larvae reared on substrates with P:C ratios between 1:2 – 1:3, corresponding to protein to energy ratios (P:E) of 11.2-14.4 g/MJ. Larvae reared on these substrates had the highest final yield, highest survival, and the lowest feed conversion ratio. Feeding the most protein-biased substrates (P:C ratios of 1:1 – 1:1.5) or the most carbohydrate-biased substrate (P:C ratio of 1:9) significantly lowered larval survival. Additionally, larvae fed a more carbohydrate-biased substrate resulted in a prolonged development time. In summary, the study found that P:C ratios of 1:2 – 1:3 (11.2-14.4 g/MJ P:E) were most optimal in terms of obtaining the highest larval yield and ensuring the best utilisation of feed resources for BSF production while meeting larval macro-nutritional requirements.
Fate of polychlorobiphenyls in Tenebrio molitor larvae: consequences for further use as food and feed
Authors: Ratel J. , Mercier F. , Rivas J. , Wang H. , Angénieux M. , Calmont B. , Crépieux S. , Planche C. , Engel E.
Published: January 2023

This study explored the ability ofTenebrio molitor, one of the most widely bred and traded insect species in Europe, to bioaccumulate polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from their feeding substrate.T. molitor larvae were reared for 20 days in a temperature- and humidity-controlled incubator and fed with wheat bran artificially contaminated with PCBs at a concentration of 0.67, 4.0 or 24.4 μg/kg. The larvae PCB content was then measured based on an analysis by GC-MS and GC-μECD. Whatever the level, a bran contamination by PCBs did not affect the body weight of larvae indicating a high tolerance to PCBs. The bioaccumulation factors (BAF; concentration of PCBs in larvae / concentration of PCBs in wheat bran) obtained with fresh larvae ranged between 0.4 and 1.0 and were significantly higher with the highest contamination level for PCBs 153 and 180. Although there is no bioaccumulation of PCBs inT. molitor larvae during rearing, PCBs can be transferred from the diet to the larvae. This study highlights the significant impact of the drying process which induces an increase of the PCB concentration in larvae by a factor of almost 3. This demonstrates the importance of considering the quality of the substrates used for farming insects as food and feed in terms of content in chemical contaminants including persistent organic pollutants like PCBs.
Factors affecting consumption of edible insects as food: entomophagy in Myanmar
Authors: Aung M. Thu Thu , Dürr J. , Borgemeister C. , Börner J.
Published: January 2023

With the world’s population rapidly increasing, food security and malnutrition have emerged as critical issues. Edible insects offer an alternative protein source that requires less land and water than conventional livestock production and emits lower levels of greenhouse gases. Myanmar has a long history of consuming insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, palm weevil larvae, giant water beetles, stink bugs, honeybees, cicadas, and ants. Although insect consumption is common in Myanmar, very little is known about the factors that could potentially encourage or discourage people from consuming edible insects as an alternative meat protein. This study analyses data from 872 respondents to investigate consumer acceptance of entomophagy and the factors influencing edible insect consumption in Myanmar using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression model with sample-selection analysis. Results show that consumer acceptance towards edible insects as food is 67%; moderately high in Myanmar, but consumption frequency is occasional. Edible insect consumption is influenced by ethnicity, religion, opinion towards entomophagy, insect phobia, nutritional properties, social concerns, and discomfort. Meanwhile, consumption frequency is influenced by income, ethnicity, family size, taste, smell, and safety concerns. We find that negative opinions, insect phobia, safety concerns, social concerns, and discomfort are significant bottlenecks for insect consumption in Myanmar. In contrast, the nutritional properties of edible insects motivate individuals to consume them. This highlights the importance of increasing public awareness of the benefits of entomophagy, creating a favourable impression, and reducing social fears about insect consumption. Providing novel insect-based foods, such as flour, could boost consumption. The government should implement, monitor and communicate good manufacturing practices to ensure actual and perceived food safety.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptome-based expression pattern of chemosensory genes in two wild silkmoths,Antheraea pernyi andAntheraea yamamai
Authors: Jiang T. , Li X.-Y. , Chen M.-M. , Liu S.-T , Li Y.-P. , Xia R.-X. , Jiang Y.-R. , Li Q. , Liu Y.-Q.
Published: January 2023

Antheraea pernyi Guérin-Méneville andAntheraea yamamai Guérin-Méneville are two closely related wild silkmoths belonging to the family Saturniidae with highly edible and silk-producing value. In this study, we characterised candidate chemosensory genes from the genomes of the two silkmoths. InA. pernyi, 38 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 21 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 28 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 54 odorant receptors (ORs) and 53 gustatory receptors (GRs) were identified. InA. yamamai, 36 OBPs, 21 CSPs, 3 SNMPs, 30 IRs, 50 ORs and 54 GRs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the OBP, OR and GR genes were significantly expanded or contracted in the two silkmoths when compared to lepidopteran modelBombyx mori L., while the CSP genes were only expanded. The SNMP and IR genes were greatly conserved in the two silkmoths andB. mori. Most OBP, CSP, SNMP, IR and OR genes had the expression in the antennal transcriptome, but most GR genes showed no expression. This is the first study to characterise chemosensory genes of Saturniidae species in the genome and antennal transcriptome.
Association Among Workplace Spirituality, Spiritual Well-Being, and Spiritual Care in Practice With Multiple Mediators for Clinical Nurses
Authors: Rhyu Kyunghwa , Lee Gyungjoo , Baek Heechong
Published: January 2023

Background:

Spiritual care helps individuals encounter the transcendent meaning of their crises. However, nurses report various barriers to providing spiritual care in clinical settings. To facilitate spiritual care among nurses, a more comprehensive understanding of this field is needed. This study was conducted to establish a path model for multiple factors predicting spiritual care among nurses working in hospitals.

Method:

A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The participants were 370 nurses with more than 6 months of experience working in general hospitals in South Korea. The measures used in this study were nursing workplace spirituality, a spiritual well-being scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, a scale for compassionate care, a general self-efficacy scale, and spiritual care in practice. Path analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0, and SPSS Amos, version 20.0.

Results:

Workplace spirituality and spiritual well-being predicted higher spiritual care in practice by sequentially mediating burnout and compassionate care.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that nurses' spiritual care can be increased via the development of specific strategies focused on enhancing the nursing work-place spirituality of hospital organizations, promoting individual spiritual well-being and compassionate behavior, and reducing burnout among nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(2):89–96.]
Certified Nursing Assistants' Perspectives on Delirium Care
Authors: Sabbe Kelly , Aerts Naomi , van der Mast Roos , Van Rompaey Bart
Published: January 2023

The current descriptive qualitative study provides an in-depth understanding of the perspectives of certified nursing assistants (CNAs,
N
= 7) regarding delirium. Data were collected through interviews with seven CNAs working in a long-term care facility. Five themes emerged:
Knowledge About Delirium
,
Caring for Residents With Delirium
,
Delirium Education
,
Psychological Burden
, and
Quality of Care
. CNAs' care of residents with delirium was based on prior experiences and gut feelings, indicating a high need for delirium training. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49
(2), 43–51.]
The Effect of the Overweight Condition on Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Outcomes
Authors: Fares Austin B. , Scanaliato John P. , Green Clare K. , Dunn John C. , Gordon Michael , Parnes Nata
Published: January 2023

This study sought to investigate the influence of a preexisting overweight condition (body mass index [BMI], 25–29.9 kg/m
2
) on functional outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery. A retrospective review was performed examining the outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in a normal-weight (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg/m
2
) and an overweight (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m
2
) population. Functional outcomes were assessed to include the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, and the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, as well as range of motion in forward flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation. A total of 52 normal-weight patients (mean BMI, 23.7±2.1 kg/m
2
) and 57 overweight patients (mean BMI, 28.4±1.4 kg/m
2
) were included. Both groups demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improvements in VAS score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, and ASES score at final follow-up (
P
<.0001), with no difference in range of motion (
P
>.05). Overall, when comparing outcomes between the groups, there were significantly better outcomes in the normal-weight group's VAS scores (mean, 0.56±0.96 vs 1.3±1.7;
P
=.0064), ASES scores (mean, 96.1±5.8 vs 92.4±9.7;
P
=.0187), and internal rotation (mean thoracic vertebrae, 9.2±3.0 vs 10.4±2.6;
P
=.0289). However, these differences did not reach clinical significance regarding the threshold of patients meeting standard minimal clinically important difference, substantial clinical benefit, and patient-acceptable symptomatic state for rotator cuff repairs. Over-weight patients have improved outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery with noninferior clinical results when compared with normal-weight patients. More data regarding outcomes of overweight patients will help physicians make better-informed decisions when considering rotator cuff repair. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(4):242–249.]
Relative cluster tilting subcategories in an extriangulated category
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang Shance
Published: February 2023

Let $ \mathscr{B} $ be an extriangulated category which admits a cluster tilting subcategory $ \mathcal{T} $. We firstly introduce notions of $ \mathcal{T} $-cluster tilting subcategories and related subcategories. Then we prove there is a correspondence between $ \mathcal{T} $-cluster tilting subcategories of $ \mathscr{B} $ and support $ \tau $-tilting pairs of $ mod \underline{\Omega(\mathcal{T}}) $, which recovers several main results from the literature. Note that the generalization is nontrivial and we give a new proof technique.
A versatile approach towards development of easy-to-clean transparent nanocoating systems with pronounced anti-static properties for various substrates
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos D. , Falara Pinelopi P. , Vourna Polyxeni
Published: January 2023

Sol-gel is a widely applied method for the development of hydrophobic anti-soiling coatings. Most of them however suffer from serious drawbacks which restrict their generic applicability, especially on surfaces with limited number of hydroxyl groups. This study aims to propose a facile and straightforward strategy for the development of an "one-fits-all" anti-soiling coating with strong adhesion to a variety of hard, non-absorbent surfaces. The structure of the proposed composition is based on a two-component coating system consisting of an organopolysilazane primer and an alkoxysilane topcoat, based on a quaternarized ammonium silane. Morphology and microstructure were systematically studied, while hydrophobicity, adhesion, stability, abrasion and chemical resistance were determined on aluminum and PC substrates. The anti-soiling behavior of the proposed coating system was also evaluated. It was found that the polysilazane primer provided mechanical and chemical robustness regardless of substrate type, while the quaternarized silane offered pronounced easy-to-clean and anti-static attributes. The combination of such attributes within a single sol-gel coating system is highly beneficial for numerous applications.
Characterization of the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of epoxy-silica functionally graded materials
Authors: AbdulRazaq Jaafar Sh. , Hassan Abdul Kareem F. , Jasim Nuha H.
Published: January 2023

A functionally graded material (FGM) was prepared using epoxy resin reinforced with silicon dioxide with a particle size of 100 μm and weight percentages of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 wt%. In a gravity-molding process using the hand layup technique, specimens with international standard (ASTM)-calculated dimensions were created in a mold of poly(methyl methacrylate), which is also known as acrylic. Tensile, flexural, impact, infrared wave, and thermal conductivity tests, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted on specimens of the five layers of the FGM. The XRD and infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the compositions of the silica particles and epoxy had a strong association with their physical structures. The findings of experimental tests indicated that increasing the ratio of silicon dioxide enhanced the mechanical properties, and the increase in modulus of elasticity was directly related to the weight percentage of the reinforcement material. The composite with 80% silica had a 526.88% higher modulus of elasticity than the pure epoxy specimen. Both tensile and flexural strengths of the composite material were maximal when 40 wt% of the particle silicon dioxide was utilized, which were 68.5% and 67.8% higher than those of the neat epoxy, respectively. The test results also revealed that the impact resistance of the FGM increased when the silica proportion increased, with a maximum value of 60 wt% silica particle content, which was an increase of 76.98% compared to pure epoxy. In addition, the thermal properties of epoxy resin improved when SiO2 was added to the mixture. Thus, the addition of silica filler to composite materials directly proportionally increased their thermal conductivity to the weight ratio of the reinforcement material, which was 32.68–383.66%. FGM composed of up to 80% silica particles had the highest thermal conductivity.
The porous cantilever beam as a model for spinal implants: Experimental, analytical and finite element analysis of dynamic properties
Authors: Du Xiaoyu , Zhou Yijun , Li Lingzhen , Persson Cecilia , Ferguson Stephen J.
Published: February 2023

Investigation of the dynamic properties of implants is essential to ensure safety and compatibility with the host's natural spinal tissue. This paper presents a simplified model of a cantilever beam to investigate the effects of holes/pores on the structures. Free vibration test is one of the most effective methods to measure the dynamic response of a cantilever beam, such as natural frequency and damping ratio. In this study, the natural frequencies of cantilever beams made of polycarbonate (PC) containing various circular open holes were investigated numerically, analytically, and experimentally. The experimental data confirmed the accuracy of the natural frequencies of the cantilever beam with open holes calculated by finite element and analytical models. In addition, two finite element simulation methods, the dynamic explicit and modal dynamic methods, were applied to determine the damping ratios of cantilever beams with open holes. Finite element analysis accurately simulated the damped vibration behavior of cantilever beams with open holes when known material damping properties were applied. The damping behavior of cantilever beams with random pores was simulated, highlighting a completely different relationship between porosity, natural frequency and damping response. The latter highlights the potential of finite element methods to analyze the dynamic response of arbitrary and complex structures, towards improved implant design.
Le ceebu jën
Authors: Ka Abdou , Leport Julie
Published: February 2023

Les valeurs, les représentations et les symboles alimentaires circulent entre les villes et les campagnes sénégalaises depuis la colonisation. La présence d’un plat partagé par la majorité des Sénégalais et consommé presque quotidiennement par une large frange de cette population constitue une occasion de comprendre les tensions engendrées par la consommation de ce plat. L’accès à l’information sanitaire à travers les médias et les structures sanitaires font du ceebu jën un « plat à controverses ». Socialement, il est le plat servi lorsque l’on reçoit des invités, le plat autour duquel se crée et s’entretient le lien social. Nutritionnellement, la grande quantité d’huile et de bouillons en cube en font un responsable désigné de l’augmentation de la prévalence des maladies cardiovasculaires, de l’obésité, etc. Les résultats de cette étude s’appuient à la fois sur une enquête qualitative (entretiens approfondis et répétés, complétés par des observations dans le Ferlo et à Dakar) et sur une enquête quantitative (questionnaire à Dakar), toutes deux concernant l’alimentation domestique.
Le goût des origines
Authors: Soula Audrey , Zirari Hayat
Published: February 2023

À travers une enquête ethnographique conduite entre 2019 et 2020 à Casablanca, l’article montre que, malgré l’importante pluralité alimentaire que cette ville offre aux mangeurs, ceux-ci restent fortement attachés à leurs régions d’origine au Maroc et ramènent constamment avec eux, lors de leurs allers et retours au « bled », des produits qu’ils font entrer dans la catégorie des aliments « bons à manger », à la fois « bon pour la santé » et « savoureux ». On assiste alors à des discours réhabilitant l’alimentation rurale et faisant de la ville un lieu antinomique avec le « bon goût » des aliments. Cette valorisation des produits « beldi » s’accompagne alors de critiques de l’industrialisation de l’alimentation. Ces nouvelles préoccupations environnementales et de santé existent dans un contexte global de défiance envers le système agro-industriel, soutenu, voire maintenu, par de nouvelles figures de l’« alimentation santé » qui font le buzz sur les réseaux sociaux marocains et prêchent pour un « retour à une alimentation traditionnelle ».
Transforming Local Economies Through Microfinance in Rural Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Yahaya , Paul Geoff , Salia Samuel , Nwagbara Uzoechi
Published: February 2023

This chapter examines the role of microfinance in the transformation of rural communities in Ghana. To achieve this aim, a synthesized review of existing literature on microfinance outcomes on employment creation, poverty reduction, female empowerment, and microenterprise development in Ghana was conducted. The review shows that microfinance has contributed significantly to the transformation of rural communities in Ghana by helping to reduce poverty and improving the living standards of the poor. The review also demonstrates that microfinance contributed positively to the socio-economic well-being of women in Ghana. Microfinance has also played a positive role in the transformation of rural communities in Ghana by providing credit to support microenterprise projects. Furthermore, the analysis shows that microfinance contributed positively to the transformation of rural communities in Ghana by providing credit to individuals and microenterprises to create jobs and improve living standards.
The Rescaling Process of the Capitalist State and Its Attendant Challenges in Theorizing the Urban Policy Process
Authors: Ajobiewe Tolulope O. , Adeleye Oluwaseyi I. , Owoeye Idowu O.
Published: February 2023

This chapter does not pretend to offer an exhaustive treatment of the state rescaling process under capitalism. However, it introduces the operational logic of the capitalist state as a backdrop to understand the rescaling process, which, beginning from Manuel Castells' notion of the ‘urban question', has radicalized and sired a plethora of theoretical developments in urban theory. The essay brings the concept of governance onto the scene and argues that the gaps, layers, and hierarchies created as a result of state reorganization can be understood if the notion of urban governance is successfully unpacked. In analysing the challenges that the rescaling process brings to theorising the urban policy process, the distinct phases of the policy process were analysed with reference to urban-rural mobility and public transportation, while giving credence to certain examples and experiences across Nigerian cities.
Evaluating Farmer Participation in Weather Index Insurance in a Socio-Demographic Perspective
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Kushwaha Ruchi , Kushwaha Jyoti
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the present study is to examine the farmers' participation in weather index insurance (WII) based on a socio-demographic perspective in Madhya Pradesh province of India. The present study is based on freely accessible government data on crop insurance in India by adopting the content analysis technique. This review study aims to analyze the significance of farmers' socio-demographic factors in WII participation from the perspective of gender, social class, and size of land holding of farmers. Findings reveal that more than 56% of participating farmers are marginal and small farmers. However, only 15% of participating farmers belong to the socially depressed class. Finding confirms that WII is successfully operated only in 15 districts of Madhya Pradesh province, while farmers' participation in the majority of districts is not satisfactory. The present study can be helpful in designing a better public policy for promoting the farmers' participation in WII.