bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renunciar al puesto o reducir jornada. Disparidad de género en los procesos de reestructuración empresarial
Authors: LAMBERT Anne , REMILLON Delphine , SEGÚ Mariona
Published: November 2023

La bibliografía sobre disparidad de género en casos de reestructuración empresarial suele abordar el sesgo impuesto verticalmente. En cambio, aquí se analiza por qué la autoselección sigue produciendo desigualdad. Tras estudiar el caso de una compañía aérea, se concluye que los hombres tienden más a aceptar el cese voluntario y menos a adoptar una jornada a tiempo parcial bonificada. Las mujeres trabajan a tiempo parcial para mejorar su conciliación; los hombres se muestran más sensibles a los incentivos económicos y más dispuestos a reorientarse hacia una actividad secundaria. La reestructuración amplifica la vulne‐rabilidad femenina en el mercado laboral, incluso si se enmarca en planes de cese voluntario.
Natural bamboo‐derived NbC nanowires for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Wen Lanchao , Zhang Jiaxin , Guan Li , Zhu Yujie , Zhao Biao , Song Limeng , Zhu Xinkai , Zhang Rui
Published: November 2023

Transition metal carbides (TMCs) are a class of materials with excellent dielectric properties and thermal stability, which exhibit enormous potential in high temperature electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA). However, the high dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of TMCs usually cause impedance mismatch, and their high density also prevents further practical applications. To solve these problems, the lightweight and impedance matching NbC nanowires (NbCnws) were prepared by using bamboo powder as a carbon source and subsequent carbothermal reduction reaction process. The as‐synthesized NbCnws all exhibit a low density of 0.23 g/cm3 and superior EMA performance. It is worth noting that the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the sample is −43.03 dB at 5.92 GHz and the corresponding matching thickness is only 3.7 mm when sintering temperature is 1500°C. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) performance is attributed to good impedance matching and strong dielectric loss. This research work provides a prospect for the development and utilization of one‐dimensional TMC materials in the field of microwave absorption materials.
A videoconferencing verification method for enrollment of breastfeeding dyads to an online prospective mixed methods study during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wood Natsuko K. , Bindler Ross J.
Published: November 2023

Aims

To apply videoconferencing as a new verification method prior to enrollment for an online survey‐based study.

Design

A prospective‐observational, mixed methods, three group, repeated measures study involved recruiting a population‐based sample of breastfeeding mothers and infants (N = 81). Twenty‐seven mothers were recruited for each group: mothers returning to work outside of the home, mothers returning to work from home and mothers staying home with their infants full‐time.

Methods

Data were collected at four time points, infant age 4, 12, 20 and 24 weeks, via online survey. Participating mothers received a $10 gift card for completing each survey. Social media, word of mouth and brochures promoted United States‐based recruitment nationwide. A publicly available direct link to the survey was initially provided to interested mothers. After the suspicion of online fraud, videoconferencing was instituted for self‐referrals and phone calls for professional referrals.

Results

The survey was invaded by response fraud 3 weeks after the initial survey deployment. Out of 109 respondents who visited the survey site during that timeframe, only eight mothers (10%) were eligible (22 June 2022 to 14 July 2022). After recruitment modification, 313 individuals emailed the study team with 65 self‐referred mothers (80%) enrolled in the study via videoconferencing while eight mothers (10%) had a professional referral and enrolled via phone call (23 August 2022 to 30 March 2023).

Conclusion

Providing a direct survey link, even with CAPTCHA‐protection, evoked fraudulent responses. Videoconferencing is an emerging verification method that can be readily applied to the enrollment of breastfeeding dyads for an online study.

Impact

The emergence of fraudulent respondents and internet bots threatens data quality. This study addressed the strategy of videoconferencing as a new verification method for recruitment and enrollment of breastfeeding dyads. This knowledge can be applied by researchers to secure sample validity and data integrity.
How perceived discrimination and professional rejection sensitivity impact women's career success
Authors: Reyes Denise L. , Dinh Julie , Granillo‐Velasquez Kenneth , Luna Miguel , Hebl Mikki , Salas Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Professional rejection is a widespread phenomenon—most, if not all, of us have or will experience it in our lifetimes. However, some are more adept at handling it than others. This paper examines individual differences in how people interpret and handle professional rejection, proposing a construct called professional rejection sensitivity. We focused on whether this construct predicts decreased self‐promoting behaviors and increased self‐silencing behaviors and, subsequently, whether that impacts career success for junior faculty. Moreover, we investigated whether women may be disproportionally predisposed to professional rejection sensitivity because they tend to experience more discrimination in the workplace than men. We collected self‐report data (i.e., individual differences) and biodata (i.e., curriculum vitae) from 300 junior faculty and found evidence of gender differences, such that women perceive more discrimination and report higher professional rejection sensitivity than men. We also found that individuals who are higher in professional rejection sensitivity are more likely to practice self‐silencing behaviors, and individuals who perceive more discrimination have lower career success. This paper serves as the first step in demonstrating the existence of professional rejection sensitivity, which can guide future research that addresses how individuals can overcome this disposition. To support this path of research, we conclude with suggestions for potential interventions.
Managing ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardiac defibrillator shocks after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Soni Bosky , Gopinathannair Rakesh
Published: November 2023

Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF‐LVADs) have been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are common, are mostly secondary to underlying myocardial scar, and have a higher incidence in patients with pre‐LVAD VA. Sustained VA is well tolerated in the LVAD patient but can result in implantable defibrillator (ICD) shocks, right ventricular failure, hospitalizations, and reduced quality of life. There is limited data regarding best practices for the medical management of VA as well as the role for procedural interventions in patients with uncontrolled VA and/or ICD shocks. Vast majority of CF‐LVAD patients have a preexisting cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) and ICD and/or cardiac resynchronization therapies are continued in many. Several questions, however, remain regarding the efficacy of ICD and CRT following CF‐LVAD. Moreover, optimal CIED programming after CF‐LVAD implantation. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to provide the most up‐to‐date evidence and to provide guidance on the clinical significance, pathogenesis, predictors, and management strategies for VA and ICD therapies in the CF‐LVAD population. We also discuss knowledge gaps as well as areas for future research.
microRNA‐365 attenuated intervertebral disc degeneration through modulating nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation by targeting EFNA3
Authors: Jiang Chao , Liu Youjun , Zhao Weigong , Yang Yimin , Ren Zhiwei , Wang Xiaohui , Hao Dingjun , Du Heng , Yin Si
Published: November 2023

This present study is aimed to investigate the role of microRNA‐365 (miR‐365) in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were transfected by miR‐365 mimic and miR‐365 inhibitor, respectively. Concomitantly, the transfection efficiency and the expression level of miRNA were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Meanwhile, NP cells apoptosis was measured through propidium iodide (PI)‐AnnexinV‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection kit. Subsequently, immunofluorescence (IF) staining was performed to assess the expression of collagen II, aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13). In addition, bioinformatic prediction and Luciferase reporter assay were used to reveal the target gene of miR‐365. Finally, we isolated the primary NP cells from rats and injected NP‐miR‐365 in rat IDD models. The results showed that overexpression of miR‐365 could effectively inhibit NP cells apoptosis and MMP‐13 expression and upregulate the expression of collagen II and aggrecan. Conversely, suppression of miR‐365 enhanced NP cell apoptosis and elevated MMP‐13 expression, but decreased the expression of collagen II and aggrecan. Moreover, the further data demonstrated that miR‐365 mediated NP cell degradation through targeting ephrin‐A3 (EFNA3). In addition, the cells apoptosis and catabolic markers were increased in NP cells when EFNA3 upregulated. More importantly, the vivo data supported that miR‐365‐NP cells injection ameliorated IDD in rats models. miR‐365 could alleviate the development of IDD by regulating NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation, which is likely mediated by targeting EFNA3. Therefore, miR‐365 may be a promising therapeutic avenue for treatment IDD through EFNA3.
Institutional investors and mispricing of unionized firms
Authors: Lantushenko Viktoriya , Marciukaityte Dalia , Szewczyk Samuel H.
Published: November 2023

We examine investment by different types of institutional investors in firms with strong labor unions. We find that hedge funds own a lower percentage of shares in these firms than in other firms. In contrast, passive institutional investors and institutional investors as a group own a higher percentage. Our tests suggest that the relation between unionization and hedge fund ownership is causal: When union power changes in a firm, hedge fund ownership changes in the opposite direction. Instead, passive investor holdings in unionized firms seem to be driven by other firm characteristics.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Positive Health among older adults in relation to the complexity of health problems
Authors: van der Klei Veerle M. G. T. H. , Moens Isabelle S. , Simons Twan , den Elzen Wendy P. J. , Mooijaart Simon P. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Trompet Stella , Drewes Yvonne M.
Published: November 2023

Background

The broad concept of health as “the ability to adapt and self‐manage in the face of social, physical and emotional challenges” has been operationalized by “Positive Health,” a framework increasingly used in the Netherlands. We explored to what degree the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and preventive measures on Positive Health differed between community‐dwelling older adults without, with mild and with complex health problems, as well as differences flowing from their use of preventive measures.

Methods

During the second wave in the Netherlands (November 2020–February 2021), a convenience sample of adults aged ≥65 years completed an online questionnaire. Positive Health impact was measured based on self‐reported change of current health status, across six dimensions, compared to before the pandemic (decreased/unchanged/increased). The complexity of health problems (past month) was assessed using the validated ISCOPE tool, comparing subgroups without, with mild or with complex health problems. High use of preventive measures was defined as ≥9 of 13 measures and compared to low use (<9 measures).

Results

Of the 2397 participants (median age 71 years, 60% female, and 4% previous COVID‐19 infection), 31% experienced no health problems, 55% mild health problems, and 15% complex health problems. Overall, participants reported a median decrease in one Positive Health dimension (IQR 1–3), most commonly in social participation (68%). With an increasing complexity of health problems, subjective Positive Health declined more often across all six dimensions, ranging from 3.3% to 57% in those without, from 22% to 72% in those with mild, and from 47% to 75% in those with complex health problems (p‐values for trend <0.001; independent of age and sex). High users of preventive measures more often experienced declined social participation (72% vs. 62%, p < 0.001) and a declined quality of life (36% vs. 30%, p = 0.007) than low users, especially those with complex health problems.

Conclusion

As the complexity of health problems increased, the adverse impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related preventive measures was experienced more frequently across all dimensions of Positive Health. Acknowledging this heterogeneity is pivotal to the effective targeting of prevention and healthcare to those most in need.
Comparative severe dermatologic toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors in malignant melanoma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao Yun‐tao , Wang Ying , Chen Xiao‐Xiao , Liu Cheng‐jiang , Bao Qi
Published: November 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced the therapeutic landscape for malignant melanoma patients. However, they can cause permanent and irreversible dermatologic immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) that may lead to interruption of ICI treatment or become life‐threatening. To assess the risk of severe dermatologic irAEs (grade 3 or higher) among ICIs for advanced melanoma, we conducted a network meta‐analysis (NMA).

Methods

Phase II/III randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) involving ICIs were retrieved from various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. These trials were published from the inception of databases to October 15, 2022. In addition, the risk of severe dermatologic irAEs associated with ICI types and doses was evaluated and compared by NMA.

Results

This study included 20 Phase II/III RCTs with a total of 10 575 patients. The results indicated that ICIs carry a higher risk of severe dermatologic irAEs compared to chemotherapy. Additionally, the combinational therapy of Nivolumab + Ipilimumab was associated with a higher risk than ICI monotherapy. Comparatively, the latest treatment option involving dual ICI therapy with Relatlimab + Nivolumab showed a lower toxicity risk, but higher than Ipilimumab alone. Lastly, Nivolumab, at a dose of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, was observed as the lowest‐risk dosing regimen for severe dermatologic irAEs in patients with advanced melanoma.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that Nivolumab (1 mg/kg) + Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) administered every 3 weeks should be used cautiously in patients with advanced melanoma at high risk for dermatologic irAEs. While we recommend the preferred regimen of Nivolumab (dose = 3 mg/kg, every 2 weeks).
Post‐operative nursing activities to prevent wound complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgeries: A scoping review
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Chaboyer Wendy , Tong Mavis Ying Ting , Eskes Anne M. , Musters Selma C. W. , Colquhoun Janelle , Herbert Georgina , Gillespie Brigid M.
Published: November 2023

Aims

To identify postoperative interventions and quality improvement initiatives used to prevent wound complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgeries, the types of activities nurses undertake in these interventions/initiatives and how these activities align with nurses' scope of practice.

Design

A scoping review.

Data Sources

Three health databases were searched, and backward and forward citation searching occurred in April 2022. Research and quality improvement initiatives included focussed on adult patients undergoing colorectal surgery, from 2010 onwards. Data were extracted about study characteristics, nursing activities and outcomes. The ‘Dimensions of the scope of nursing practice’ framework was used to classify nursing activities and then the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework was used to synthesise the review findings.

Results

Thirty‐seven studies were included. These studies often reported negative wound pressure therapy and surgical site infection bundle interventions/initiatives. Nurses' scope of practice was most frequently ‘Technical procedure and delegated medical care’ meaning nurses frequently acted under doctors' orders, with the most common delegated activity being dressing removal.

Conclusion

The full extent of possible interventions nurses could undertake independently in the postoperative period requires further exploration to improve wound outcomes and capitalise on nurses' professional role.

Impact Statement

Nurses' role in preventing postoperative wound complications is unclear, which may inhibit their ability to influence postoperative outcomes.

In the postoperative period, nurses undertake technical activities, under doctors' orders to prevent wound infections.

For practice, nurses need to upkeep and audit their technical skills. New avenues for researchers include exploration of independent activities for postoperative nurses and the outcomes of these activities.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

There may be opportunities to broaden nurses' scope of practice to act more autonomously to prevent wound complication.

Reporting Method

Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

A health consumer interpreted the data and prepared the manuscript.
Lung ultrasound score in dogs and cats: A reliability study
Authors: Oricco Stefano , Medico Daniele , Tommasi Ilaria , Bini Richard Marcello , Rabozzi Roberto
Published: November 2023

Background

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a noninvasive tool for examining respiratory distress patients. The lung ultrasound score (LUSS) can be used to quantify and monitor lung aeration loss with good reliability.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Assess the reliability of a new LUSS among raters with different levels of experience and determine how well the same raters agree on identifying patterns of LUS abnormalities.

Animals

Forty LUS examinations of dogs and cats and 320 videos were reviewed from a digital database.

Methods

Retrospective reliability study with post hoc analysis. Protocolized LUS were randomly selected; intrarater and interrater reliability of the LUSS and pattern recognition agreement among 4 raters with different levels of experience in LUS were tested.

Results

The intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) single measurement, absolute agreement, and 2‐way mixed effects model was 0.967 for the high‐experience rater (H‐Exp), 0.963 and 0.952 for the medium‐experience raters (M‐Exp‐1; M‐Exp‐2), and 0.950 for the low‐experience rater (L‐Exp). The interrater ICC average measurement, absolute agreement, and 2‐way random effects model among the observers was 0.980. The Fleiss' kappa (k) values showed almost perfect agreement (k = 1) among raters in identifying pleural effusion and translobar tissue‐like pattern, strong agreement for A‐lines (k = 0.881) and B‐lines (k = 0.806), moderate agreement (k = 0.693) for subpleural loss of aeration, and weak agreement (k = 0.474) for irregularities of the pleural line.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Our results indicate excellent intra‐ and interrater reliability for LUS scoring and pattern identification, providing a foundation for the use of the LUSS in emergency medicine and intensive care.
Beyond the dominant voices: Unveiling Latin American perspectives on the international order
Authors: Malacalza Bernabé
Published: November 2023

The concept of international order has undergone significant evolution, but the dominant voices of great powers have often overshadowed regional perspectives, particularly in Latin America. Still, this region has played a crucial role in shaping the contemporary discourse on the international order. Today, the term is used in various contexts within Latin America, reflecting the increasing presence of nonstate actors and the interdependent nature of societies and the planet overall. This article focuses on Latin American diplomacy and civil society's understandings of international order, contending that the region has developed analytical and practical approaches that converge into a normative vision centered on international justice. Both the analytical and practical approaches view the international order as a normative concept. Civil society especially perceives the international order as a practice concept, utilizing its voice and actions as instruments for change. Yet, civil society is not monolithic, and various groups seek different outcomes. This article reviews critically analytical and normative perspectives of the international order, providing a comprehensive understanding of Latin American viewpoints through various data collection methods.
Front Cover
Authors: Shalaby Sarah , Ronzoni Luisa , Hernandez‐Gea Virginia , Valenti Luca
Published: November 2023

The cover image is based on the Review The genetics of portal hypertension: Recent developments and the road ahead by Sarah Shalaby et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15732 Image Credit: Anna Shalaby

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Jeptha Knob, Kentucky, a probable meteorite impact structure
Authors: Schedl Andrew
Published: November 2023

Jeptha Knob is a deformed structure, 4.5 km in diameter, composed entirely of carbonate rocks in the stable craton of North America. At Jeptha Knob, conventional evidence of meteorite impact, shock metamorphism, has not been found. I used calcite twin analysis to test the hypothesis that Jeptha Knob is a meteorite impact crater. Calcite twinning gives differential stresses of >170 MPa in rocks that were 600 to ≈800 m below the surface when the rocks were deformed. Under these conditions, high differential stresses cannot be explained by tectonic processes. In addition, twin intensities are >150 twins/mm which are >50% higher than the highest twin intensities observed in limestone from a wide variety of tectonic settings. Twin intensities and differential stresses are the same magnitudes as those found at Serpent Mound, a proven impact structure. Consistent with meteorite impact, differential stresses increase toward the center of the structure. If one accepts that Jeptha Knob is a marine impact crater, then (1) the presence of high temperature (>250°C) thick twins in calcite from a resurge deposit; (2) the extensive dolomitization of the central uplift with water/rock ratios >1.0; and (3) two episodes of calcite twin recorded incremental strains, are explained.
Oomycete effector AVRblb2 targets cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels through calcium sensors to suppress pattern‐triggered immunity
Authors: Lee Soeui , Lee Hye‐Young , Kang Hui Jeong , Seo Ye‐Eun , Lee Joo Hyun , Choi Doil
Published: November 2023

Transient and rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2+ plays a crucial role in plant–pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI). Cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels (CNGCs) have been implicated in mediating this Ca2+ influx; however, their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Here, we have found that AVRblb2 requires the calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin‐like (CML) proteins as co‐factors to interact with the NbCNGCs, resulting in the formation of AVRblb2‐CaM/CML‐NbCNGCs complex. Furthermore, CaM and CML are dissociated from NbCNGC18 during PTI response to increase Ca2+ influx; however, Avrblb2 inhibits calcium channel activation by disrupting the release of CaM and CML from NbCNGC18.

Following recognition of PAMP, NbCNGC18 forms active heteromeric channels with other NbCNGCs, which may give selectivity of CNGC complex against diverse signals for fine‐tuning of cytosolic Ca2+ level to mediate appropriate responses. Silencing of multiple NbCNGCs compromised the function of AVRblb2 on the pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans, confirming that AVRblb2 contributes to pathogen virulence by targeting CNGCs.

Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of CNGCs in PTI and the role of pathogen effectors in manipulating host cell physiology to promote infection.
Utilization of the remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices in a diverse demographic cohort: Insights from a single‐center observation
Authors: Seo Jiyoung , Alhuarrat Majd Al Deen , Krishnan Suraj , Saralidze Tinatin , Lim Hyomin , Chen Brett , Flomenbaum David , Naser Ahmad , Kharawala Amrin , Apple Samuel J. , Ferrick Neal , Chudow Jay , Di Biase Luigi , Fisher John D. , Krumerman Andrew , Ferrick Kevin J.
Published: November 2023

Background

Despite its clinical benefits, patient compliance to remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) varies and remains under‐studied in diverse populations.

Objective

We sought to evaluate RM compliance, clinical outcomes, and identify demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting RM in a diverse urban population in New York.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients enrolled in CIED RM at Montefiore Medical Center between December 2017 and May 2022. RM compliance was defined as the percentage of days compliant to RM transmission divided by the total prescribed days of RM. Patients were censored when they were lost to follow‐up or at the time of death. The cohorts were categorized into low (≤30%), intermediate (31–69%), and high (≥70%) RM compliance groups. Statistical analyses were conducted accordingly.

Results

Among 853 patients, median RM compliance was 55%. Age inversely affected compliance (p < .001), and high compliance was associated with guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) usage and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)/cardiac resynchronization defibrillator (CRTD) devices. The low‐compliance group had a higher mortality rate and fewer regular clinic visits (p < .001) than high‐compliance group. Socioeconomic factors did not significantly impact compliance, while Asians showed higher compliance compared with Whites (OR 3.67; 95% CI 1.08–12.43; p = .04). Technical issues were the main reason for non‐compliance.

Conclusion

We observed suboptimal compliance to RM, which occurred most frequently in older patients. Clinic visit compliance, optimal medical therapy, and lower mortality were associated with higher compliance, whereas insufficient understanding of RM usage was the chief barrier to compliance.
Myron Gordon Award Lecture 2023: Painting the neural crest: How studying pigment cells illuminates neural crest cell biology
Authors: Kelsh Robert N.
Published: November 2023

It has been 30 (!!) years since I began working on zebrafish pigment cells, as a postdoc in the laboratory of Prof. Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard. There, I participated in the first large‐scale mutagenesis screen in zebrafish, focusing on pigment cell mutant phenotypes. The isolation of colourless, shady, parade and choker mutants allowed us (as a postdoc in Prof. Judith Eisen's laboratory, and then in my own laboratory at the University of Bath since 1997) to pursue my ambition to address long‐standing problems in the neural crest field. Thus, we have studied how neural crest cells choose individual fates, resulting in our recent proposal of a new, and potentially unifying, model which we call Cyclical Fate Restriction, as well as addressing how pigment cell patterns are generated. A key feature of our work in the last 10 years has been the use of mathematical modelling approaches to clarify our biological models and to refine our interpretations. None of this would have been possible without a hugely talented group of laboratory members and other collaborators from around the world—it has been, and I am sure will continue to be, a pleasure and privilege to work with you all!
Pediatric donor heart acceptance practices in the United States: What is really being considered?
Authors: McCulloch M. A. , Alonzi L. P. , White S. C. , Haregu F. , Porter M. D.
Published: November 2023

Background

Recent studies demonstrate high offer decline and organ non‐utilization rates are associated with increased pediatric heart transplant waitlist mortality. We sought to determine which donor, candidate, and offer specific variables most importantly influenced these decisions using only data available at the time of each offer.

Methods

Retrospective review of pediatric (<18 years) heart donor offers made to pediatric candidates in the United States between 2010 and 2020. In addition to standard donor, candidate, and offer data available in UNOS, we extracted objective and qualitative valvar and myocardial function data from all available donor echocardiogram reports.

Results

During the study period, 5625 pediatric donor hearts produced 30 156 offers to 4905 unique candidates, of which 88.7% of all offers were declined and 39.2% of organs were not utilized by pediatric waitlisted candidates. Of the 60.8% utilized hearts, 89.7% had a ‘cumulatively’ normal echocardiogram at the time of offer acceptance; 62.9% of hearts not utilized for a pediatric candidate also had a cumulatively normal final echocardiogram. Random forest and logistic regression modeling demonstrated good predictive performance (AUROC ≥0.83) of likelihood to accept when utilizing donor, candidate, and offer specific variables. SHAP variable importance scores demonstrated number of prior offer declines and candidate institution's prior year acceptance rates as the two most important variables influencing offer decisions.

Conclusions

Behavioral economics appear to play a significant role in pediatric heart transplant candidate institutions' acceptance practices, even when considering the arguably healthier pediatric donor population. Removal of prior institution's decisions from DonorNet may help increase donor utilization.
Bullshit activities
Authors: Easwaran Kenny
Published: November 2023

Frankfurt gave an account of “bullshit” as a statement made without regard to truth or falsity. Austin argued that a large amount of language consists of speech acts aimed at goals other than truth or falsity. We don't want our account of bullshit to include all performatives. I develop a modification of Frankfurt's account that makes interesting and useful categorizations of various speech acts as bullshit or not and show that this account generalizes to many other kinds of act as well. I show that this illuminates some of Graeber's classification of “bullshit jobs,” though it doesn't fully agree with it.
Simultaneous irradiation of 660 and 808 nm on gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts induces different patterns of oxidative/antioxidative activities: What is the role of the cell type and irradiation parameters?
Authors: dos Santos Anaeliza Figueiredo , Prado Flávia Cristina Rosin , de Paula Novaes Cristina , de Magalhães Ana Carolina , Deboni Maria Cristina Zindel , Corrêa Luciana
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate whether simultaneous irradiation at 660 and 808 nm generates different patterns of oxidative/antioxidative activities compared to consecutive irradiation. Primary cultures of gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to a diose laser (660 ± 2 nm and 808 ± 2 nm, 100 mW, 0.09 cm2 spot area) using double irradiation with the two wavelengths (consecutive or simultaneous) for 6, 10, and 20 s. The two irradiation regimens did not increase cell viability in any of the experimental conditions. Lipid peroxidation was increased after consecutive irradiation in epithelial cells, which was not detected after simultaneous irradiation. After 20s of the simultaneous mode, ROS levels increased, but antioxidative balance decreased. In the fibroblasts, the two double irradiations induced ROS reduction, increase in lipid peroxidation, and improvement of antioxidative balance, mainly after the 20 s irradiation time. In conclusion, simultaneous and consecutive irradiation induced distinct oxidative stress modulation in oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The imbalance in the oxidative system observed after longer exposures, allied with the absence of a significant increase in the viability of the two cell types, suggests a contraindication for longer simultaneous irradiation in clinical situations that demand cellular stimulation.
Institutional sources of legitimacy in multistakeholder global governance at ICANN
Authors: Jongen Hortense , Scholte Jan Aart
Published: November 2023

This article provides a novel systematic exploration of ways and extents that institutional characteristics shape legitimacy beliefs toward multistakeholder global governance. Multistakeholderism is often argued to offer institutional advantages over intergovernmental multilateralism in handling global problems. This study examines whether, in practice, perceptions of institutional purpose, procedure, and performance affect legitimacy assessments regarding this form of global governance. The analysis focuses on the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), one of the largest and most institutionally developed global multistakeholder arrangements. Evidence comes from a mixed‐methods survey of 467 participants in ICANN. We find that this representative sample accords high importance in principle to many institutional features, and also rates the actual institutional operations of ICANN quite highly on various counts. Moreover, many institutional characteristics associate significantly with participants' legitimacy beliefs toward ICANN. However, not all institutional qualities have this significance, and the relevance of individual‐ and societal‐level circumstances indicates that institutional sources do not provide a full explanation of legitimacy. The article contributes refinements to theory of legitimacy in global governance; demonstrates the value of mixed‐methods survey work in this field; supplies unique original data and analysis; and identifies implications for the politics of (de)legitimation around multistakeholderism.
The determinants of voting for Republican congressional candidates in the Texas borderlands
Authors: Longoria Thomas , Manganaro Lynne L.
Published: November 2023

Objective

A shift of Latino voters to Republican Party candidates has been observed in recent years. Past research on presidential elections supports the idea that borderlands counties vote differently than other counties in borderlands states and tend to favor Democratic Party candidates. This study explores congressional voting patterns in the Texas borderlands.

Methods

Using county‐level data for Texas counties in 2010 and 2022, this study examines Republican congressional voting as a function of (1) borderlands cultural and economic context, (2) economic conditions, (3) social contact, and (4) religious adherence. We contribute to existing scholarship by proposing that there are three district border subregions.

Results

Overall, this study finds increased levels of support for Republican congressional candidates in the borderlands region. However, when subregions are compared, those counties with economic linkages to Mexico and rural Tejano counties are more likely to vote for Democratic Party candidates in 2010 and 2022. The West Texas borderlands region, however, is no longer distinctive from other Texas counties in terms of voting patterns in 2022.

Conclusion

Voters in the predominantly Latino Texas borderlands are increasingly voting for Republican congressional candidates suggesting a change in partisan attachment. The effects of foreign‐born arrivals and rising economic optimism in the borderlands may lead to more voting for Republican candidates. However, current economic realities and linkages as well as past social and political marginalization may continue to make borderlands voters distinct.
What Dynamic Approaches Have Taught Us About Cognition and What They Have Not: On Values in Motion and the Importance of Replicable Forms
Authors: Rączaszek‐Leonardi Joanna
Published: November 2023

Over the past several decades, research in the cognitive sciences has foregrounded the importance of active bodies and their continuous dependence on the changing environment, strengthening the relevance of dynamical models. These models have been steadily developed within the ecological psychology approach to cognition, which arguably contributes to the “ecological turn” we are witnessing today. The embodied and situated nature of cognition, regarded by some as a passing trend, is presently becoming a largely accepted assumption. In this paper, I claim that in light of these developments, ecological psychology, in alliance with related approaches, such as enactivism and interactivism, has the potential to deeply transform our perspectives on cognition and action, restoring their pertinence to humans as persons. However, an important challenge to the realization of this potential has to be noted: neither the mainstream information‐processing approach nor the dynamics‐oriented perspective on cognition provides an account of how the capacity of humans to use language and think “symbolically” can be derived from the continuous flow of agent−environment interaction. I will attempt to show that posing the “dynamical” and “computational” hypotheses about the nature of cognition as mutually exclusive approaches to cognition results in undesirable reductionism, which makes it difficult to meet this challenge. There are good reasons, advanced over half a century ago by, for example, Michael Polanyi or Howard Pattee, to think that we need complementary descriptions to understand cognizing systems, in order to grasp the fact that they are governed both by physical laws and by emergent historical constraints. Details of such a complementarity‐based approach still await elucidation, but some proposed solutions have the potential to ease the tension between the information‐processing and dynamical approaches to cognition and to lead to a better understanding of their interrelation.
EU agriculture under an import stop for food and feed
Authors: Thom Ferike , Gocht Alexander , Grethe Harald
Published: November 2023

Recent disruptions in international trade have had significant impacts on consumers and producers worldwide and stemmed from various reasons. This study aims to identify key vulnerabilities in EU agriculture by examining an import stop on food and feed products. By conducting this stylised simulation using a global PE model (CAPRI), the authors analyse the adjustment mechanisms within the sector, investigate regional differences within the EU and test the model's ability to depict such a comprehensive scenario. The findings suggest that oilseeds are most affected by an import stop due to their high import share. Meat is indirectly impacted as it relies on imported soy for animal feed, whereas other products with high self‐sufficiency levels are hardly affected. In response to the import stop, EU production expands, increasing nitrogen surpluses, particularly in regions already facing critical levels. Meat production partially moves out of the EU, increasing global GHG emissions. EU consumers are negatively affected by increased prices, leading to an overall welfare decrease in the EU with exceptions for few member states. Alongside EU imports, exports decrease, affecting prices and welfare outside the EU. In the least developed countries, prices increase especially for products that are already consumed less than recommended.
Effectiveness of fibrin sealants in head and neck surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nguyen Marie , Foreman Andrew , Lockwood Craig
Published: November 2023

Objective:

This review will investigate the effectiveness of fibrin sealants in adult patients who underwent head and neck surgery.

Introduction:

Controlling bleeding is important in head and neck surgery. Complications involving nearby vital structures increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Surgical tissue adhesives are used in addition to other traditional hemostatic methods to reduce surgical site bleeding. Fibrin sealants have shown some success compared with other tissue adhesives, but individual studies have been inconclusive.

Inclusion criteria:

We will include studies comparing fibrin sealants with placebo or usual care in patients 18 years or older who have undergone soft tissue surgery of the head and neck with drain placement. Primary outcomes include wound complications and time to surgical drain removal. Secondary outcomes include length of hospital stay, drain volume output, surgical management of postoperative hematoma, rate of blood transfusions, and adverse reactions.

Methods:

We will search electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science) for studies published from 1975 onwards. Sources to be search for unpublished literature will include ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, MedNar, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Titles, abstracts, and full-text papers will be assessed against the inclusion criteria by 2 independent reviewers. Study screening and selection will be performed, and critical appraisal conducted using the standardized JBI appraisal tools. Data will be extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Meta-analysis will be conducted for all outcomes where appropriate, with weighted mean differences for continuous data. Risk ratios will be used for dichotomous data. Certainty will be reported using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023412820
Integrating generative parametric design workflow in the terraced concert hall design process
Authors: Chiang Wei-Hwa , Lai Hung-Yi , Hwang Wei-Lin , Lai Xin-You
Published: November 2023

Compared to shoe box halls, terraced concert halls are popular due to their proximity to the stage and expressive design. However, its complex geometry requires delicate adjustments during the design process to effectively deliver a design that satisfies both the needs of acoustics and creativity. The study aims to explore the integration of generative parametric design workflow into the design of terraced concert halls and apply the workflow to an actual competition project. This workflow consists of three steps: defining basic parameters and reference geometries, generating and composing geometric elements with synchronized acoustic and geometric verification, and conducting performance evaluation of the results. The workflow enables integration of diverse viewpoints for the competition project, covering both the acoustics of the concert hall and the spatial integration with the surroundings. The outcome is a multi-layered, terraced concert hall with acoustic performance comparable to a traditional shoebox hall, and a metaphorical image of the topography of the city in which the concert hall is located.
Industry-academia collaboration to develop new building standards
Authors: Girdhar Sunit , Barnard Andrew , LoVerde John , Dong Wayland
Published: November 2023

Industry and academia must go hand-in-hand to progress science and knowledge. Often, academic solutions may not be the most optimal solution for the field where there may be a time/ equipment/ training restriction. For our work, we focused on improving the building acoustic standards—specifically the impact performance of floor-ceiling assemblies–through industry and academic collaboration. The research student at Michigan Technological University worked closely with Veneklasen Associates through their (non-profit) funding arm, as well as through summer internships to learn the existing limitations for impact performance field tests. The student used this knowledge to develop a test method with improved reproducibility while ensuring that the test is fast and minimal new training is required. The student now works with Veneklasen Associates after graduating to continue developing this test method.
Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) temporary threshold shift in response to frequency-modulated and pure-tone exposures centered at 28 kHz
Authors: Pardini Madilyn R. , Mulsow Jason , Schlundt Carolyn , Accomando Alyssa , Finneran James
Published: November 2023

There is a scarcity of marine mammal temporary threshold shift (TTS) data for noise exposures representative of naval continuous active sonar (CAS). In this study, bottlenose dolphin (n = 2) TTS was measured following exposure to frequency-modulated (FM) tones with temporal characteristics representative of CAS, but frequencies shifted to the dolphins' region of best hearing sensitivity (20–40 kHz). Exposures were conducted at multiple sound pressure levels and durations ranging from 2 to 60 min. Additional exposures to 28-kHz pure tones at matched cumulative sound exposure levels examined the effect of exposure bandwidth on TTS. Hearing thresholds were measured using behavioral methods and supplemented by electrophysiological auditory brainstem response and auditory steady-state response methods. Larger TTS magnitudes were observed for the FM versus the pure-tone exposures in both dolphins. A consistent pattern of TTS was not observed using either electrophysiological method, contrary to what has been noted in some previous studies. Future testing will evaluate TTS following exposure to simulated CAS centered near 3 kHz, at the lower-frequencyend of the bottlenose dolphin’s hearing range but representative of the actual frequencies of naval CAS. [Work funded by US Navy Living Marine Resources.]
Distribution and seasonality of the Omura’s whale (Balaenoptera omurai) in Australia based on passive acoustic recordings
Authors: Browne Ciara E. , Erbe Christine , McCauley Robert
Published: November 2023

The Omura’s whale is one of the most recently described species of baleen whale. Initially known only from stranding and whaling specimens, it has now been identified in all ocean basins excluding the central and eastern Pacific. Unlike most baleen whales that migrate between the poles and the equator seasonally, the Omura’s whale is known to inhabit tropical to sub-tropical waters year-round. In Australian waters, there remain fewer than 30 confirmed visual sightings over the past decade. This study utilizes passive acoustic recordings from 41 locations around Australia from 2005 to 2023 to assess the distribution and seasonality of the Omura’s whale. The seasonal presence of Omura’s whale vocalizations varied by location, with higher presence at lower latitudes. Vocalizations were detected year-round in the Timor Sea and the Kimberley region. The most southerly occurrence of Omura’s whale vocalizations was recorded off the North West Cape, WA. In Australia, the vocalizations detected differ from those of other Indian Ocean Omura’s whale populations. Geographic variation of the vocalization was also observed within Australia, including vocalizations similar but not identical to those of the Omura’s whale detected in the Great Barrier Reef for the first time. The identified seasonal distribution and possible acoustic populations of the species in Australia provides valuable information to assess environmental and anthropogenic pressures on the Omura’s whale and to aid in creating management policies for the species.