bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severity of pain syndrome, functional activity, and quality of life in male patients with inguinal hernias in the preoperative period
Authors: Trots A. V.
Published: November 2024

According to the European Hernia Society (EHS) and the Hernia Surge Group (HSG), males with inguinal pain syndrome make up the majority of candidates for planned inguinal hernia surgeries. Chronic groin pain in the preoperative stage typically has a negative impact on such patients’ functional activity and quality of life. It is therefore considered a significant indication for planned surgery. According to recent research, appropriate functional outcomes, such as improved physical activity and patient quality of life, are as important as an accurate anatomical restoration of the inguinal region after planned inguinal hernia surgery.
Objective — to assess the severity of preoperative inguinal pain syndrome, functional activity, and quality of life in male patients with inguinal hernias.
Materials and methods. The study focuses on the preoperative clinical examination of 50 patients (males) with primary unilateral inguinal hernias. The patients were treated in the surgical department of the State Scientific Institution «Centre for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine» between 2018 and 2024. A questionnaire method was employed to assess the functional activity, quality of life, and severity of pain syndrome in patients before surgery. This method involved the use of the modified Carolinas Comfort Scale (MCCS), the European Questionnaire for the Assessment of Quality of Life (EQ‑5D‑3L), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
Results. The average pain severity index on the VAS was 2.1±0.9 points. The MCCS was used to assess patients’ functional activity, resulting in an average total score of 33.7±12.1 points, which corresponded to 44.9%, classifying the patients as «not satisfied» in the clinical group. The EQ‑5D‑3L descriptive system was used to assess patients’ quality of life. We found that 30% reported moderate mobility limitations, 18% reported moderate self‑care issues, and 34% reported limitations in their daily activities. 24% of patients exhibited moderate anxiety or depression‑related symptoms. At the same time, all patients noted the presence of pain syndrome, with 76% experiencing moderate pain and 24% suffering severe pain.
Conclusions. The «symptomatic» group of males with inguinal hernias exhibits a high level of local pain syndrome in the area of the hernia protrusion (2.1±0.9 on the VAS, and 24 % of patients reported a significant degree of pain severity before planned surgical intervention (> 3 points) according to the EQ‑5D‑3L system).  In the vast majority of cases, it significantly impairs their functional activity and quality of life (66% of patients are not satisfied with their quality of life (32.4±5.6 points on the MCCS)). Effective local pain management is an important objective in the planned surgical treatment of inguinal hernias. This necessitates further investigation into surgical technique selection and procedure adjustments.
The golden era of Kyiv surgery
Authors: Dubenko D.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the academic and university surgery in Kyiv during the 1920s. It is based on data obtained from extensive archival research and available bibliographic sources, and it highlights a specific period of the work of the Faculty Surgical Clinic of Kyiv St. Volodymyr University, which is now known as Bogomolets National Medical University. The article presents information about the lives and professional journeys of the heads and staff of the surgical clinic, including Yevhen Cherniakhivskyi, Yurii Voronyi, Vira Hedroyts, Mykola Volkovych, and Oleksii Lazurenko.
Difficult choledocholithiasis. Literature review
Authors: Volkovetskii V. V. , Pererva L. O. , Maksymenko M. V. , Puzyr N. V.
Published: November 2024

The incidence of stones in the common bile duct in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease varies significantly and depends on age, ranging from 5% to 33%. In 85—90% of cases, choledocholithiasis is effectively treated with endoscopic papillotomy (EPT) and lithoextraction, which is currently considered the standard method for managing this pathology. However, in 10—15% of cases, choledocholithiasis is technically challenging for endoscopic treatment, requiring alternative methods and specialized equipment. This research examines the epidemiological aspects related to the increasing detection rate of choledocholithiasis, which is attributed to advancements in modern diagnostic techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on etiological factors such as genetics, obesity, and dietary habits that enhance bile lithogenicity. The pathogenesis section elucidates the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary stone formation in the bile ducts and their physiological impacts, including such complications as acute cholangitis, biliary sepsis, cholestatic hepatitis, and biliary cirrhosis of the liver. Distinct focus is placed on the criteria for difficult choledocholithiasis, encompassing stone characteristics, location, altered biliary anatomy, and the patient’s general condition. Diagnostic techniques include laboratory and instrumental investigations, particularly ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasound. The treatment section emphasizes the importance of timely stone removal to prevent complications. Modern treatment options are discussed, including both conservative and surgical methods such as endoscopic procedures and laparoscopic surgeries. The significance of an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of choledocholithiasis and its many manifestations is emphasized.
Difficult choledocholithiasis remains a relevant issue in hepatobiliary surgery, and its effective treatment requires an individualized and multidisciplinary approach, involving endoscopic and laparoscopic technologies.
Polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción asociado a los rasgos de los gránulos de almidón de cebada
Authors: Borém A.
Published: November 2024

Las características de los gránulos de almidón de la cebada (Hordeum vulgare) fueron mapeadas utilizándose 123 marcadores moleculares RFLP, proporcionando una densidad de cobertura del genoma de aproximadamente 9,6 cM. El programa QTL-STAT fue utilizado para analizar seis características en datos provenientes de 150 di-haploides del cruzamiento de las variedades Steptoe x Morex. Se detectaron 5 regiones cromosómicas (QTLs) (P = 0,001) para área superficial y volúmen de los gránulos A, proporción de gránulos A en relación al almidón total y proporción de número de gránulos B en relación a los gránulos A. Otros posibles QTLs fueron detectados (P = 0,05) para estas cuatro características y para el área superficial y volumen de los gránulos B. La variedad Morex fue la fuente de alelos para aumento del área superficial y volumen de los gránulos A y proporción de los gránulos A en relación al almidón total. La variedad Steptoe contribuyó con alelos para aumento de proporción del número de gránulos B con relación a los gránulos A. Los QTLs para las características de los gránulos A se concentran en tres regiones del cromosoma número 2, y una de estas regiones, la rbcs-abg2
الجامعات الاهلية والجامعات الحكومية دراسة مقارنة
Authors: طاهر محمود صابرين , شمران جبر ازهار
Published: November 2024

انطلق البحث من فرضية مفادها تعد الكليات الاهلية في العراق رافدا من الروافد العلمية فضلا عن كفاءتها العلمية" في مسار العملية التعليمية، حيث ان مشكلة البحث كانت نتيجة الأوضاع غير الطبيعية التي مر بها العراق بصورة عامة والتعليم بصورة خاصة اثرت على مستوى اداء التعليم الحكومي والأهلي في العراق، لذا تم اخذ الكليات الاهلية من اجل التعرف على معوقات التعليم الأهلي وعدم اساهمه في تنمية وتطوير العملية التعليمية في العراق. من جهة أخرى تضمن البحث اهدافاً لعل ابرزها التعرف على اداء الكليات الاهلية، والتعرف على مؤشرات الكليات الاهلية في تنمية العملية التعليمية. توصل البحث الى جملة من الاستنتاجات العامة أهمها زيادة عدد الجامعات الاهلية بعد عام 2003 مما أدى الى زيادة كبيرة في أعداد الخريجين الامر الذي أدى الى عدم توفر لهم فرصة عمل وعدم قدرة القطاع العام على استيعاب جميع الخريجين. اما اهم التوصيات كانت ضرورة العمل على استيعاب الخريجين في القطاع العام او القطاع الخاص وادخالهم في سوق العمل
معوقات الاستثمار في العراق وأساليب معالجتها
Authors: ضياء ضلال محيسن الطائي الباحث , محمد حميد حسين يزدي ا.د.
Published: November 2024

يوجد الكثير من المعاني للمصطلح المتعلق بالاستثمار الذي يتمتع بالطابع الاقتصادي، وبناء على ذلك ووفقاً للمذاهب الاقتصادية وعقائد المجتمع فإن المصطلح المذكور يكون مشتقاً من الثمر، وهي نوع من المال، ومعنى يستثمر هو النمو والزيادة، وفي الوضع العادي يكون ضمن المال بصوره المتعددة، ومنها على سبيل المثال العقار أو المنقول وباقي الصور التي لها طابع مادي، وإن لهذا المصطلح العديد من الأنواع.
حضور النص القرآني في رثاء مملكة بني عباد أنموذجاً، دالية ابن اللبانة الداني الأندلسي (ت ٥٠٧) أنموذجا.
Authors: كريم قاسم جابر الربيعي م.د
Published: November 2024

يتناول هذا البحث بالدراسةِ والتحليلِ داليَّة ابن اللبَّانة الدَّاني، للكشف عن جوانب الإبداع، وبيان مؤازرة حضور النص القرآني لنص الشاعر ابن اللبّانة؛ لما يقدمه هذ الحضور مِنْ إمكانات لغوية وموسيقية، ومعانٍ ودلالاتٍ رحبة، تتيح للشاعر تخصيب نصوصه بإشاراتٍ قرآنية، فضلاً عن أجوائه وسياقاته اللافتة، وقد استنتج البحث أنَّ حضور النص القرآني في داليَّة ابن اللبَّانة الدَّاني قد أثر في لغتها، وعلى صورها الشعرية، فصارت مُعبِّرة عن الحدث الأندلسي المأساوي، ومشاهده المفجعة الذي حلّ ببني عبَّاد ودولتهم في نهاية القرن الخامس الهجري، والذي غيّر مجرى التاريخ الأندلسي.
رابطة مناهضة الصالونات الوطنية وتطور حركة الحظر في الولايات المتحدة الأميركية 1893-1920
Authors: جواد رضا رزوقي حسن السبع ا.م.د.
Published: November 2024

شكلت مشكلة الإدمان على المشروبات الكحولية، وآثار الخمور الاقتصادية والسياسية والاجتماعية وربطها بالمشاكل المتمثلة بالفقر والجريمة والأمراض، اهتمام عدد كبير من حركات الإصلاح، لاسيما حركات الإصلاح التي تزعمتها الكنيسة البروتستانتية؛ وبسبب هذه الأهمية تم اختيار هذا الموضوع للدراسة، من أجل تسليط الضوء على تطور حركة الاعتدال في الولايات المتحدة، حتى تزعمها من قبل الرابطة الوطنية لمناهضة الصالونات التي تأسست عام 1895، وصولا إلى أبرز نجاحاتها في اقرار التعديل الثامن عشر للدستور عام 1918، والكشف عن أسباب هذا النجاح الذي نظر إليه الكثيرون في حينه على أنه بعيد المنال بسبب انتشار شرب الخمور في جميع الولايات الاميركية وضمن النسيج الاجتماعي للمجتمع الاميركي. وكان للأسلوب التنظيمي للرابطة، والتكتيكات التي اعتمدت عليها في تحقيق أهدافها، مثل تركيزها على تجارة المشروبات الكحولية، وليس شاربيها، من أجل الحصول على دعم الجميع، وتركيزها على الجانب التشريعي لفرض الحظر، فضلا عن تزامن نشاط الرابطة مع المزاج الإصلاحي للولايات المتحدة مع بداية القرن العشرين، وتوحد أهدافها الإصلاحية. وكان لأحداث الحرب العالمية الأولى 1914-1918 وتطوراتها جانب مهم في حظر الخمور بموجب التعديل الدستوري الثامن عشر.
رسائل ابن العميد في الحب دراسة في الموضوع والفن
Authors: هديل علي كاظم أ.م.د.
Published: November 2024

يصيغ ابن العميد رسائله من لغته كلفظ روحي ، فهو غير منعزل عن اللغة في استعماله مفردات تعطي معانيّاً لإفهام حالة، أو أنه يضع بيانه في تزويق لفظي ، فهو يدرك ان اللغة روح الإنسان ، لذا تعامل معها روحيا، وتفقه بها ليرى روحه من خلالها ، ومن هنا كان البحث اثباتا من خلال اللغة والتشبيه والاستعارة والمجاز، بأن ابن العميد لم يكن يقصد التصنيع اللفظي، لذا نرى روحه واضحة في نصوص رسائله.
لا يوجد لابن العميد رسالة حب من رجل لامرأة كي يراسلها او يخاتنها ، بل في كل رسائله نفحة الحب ، القائم على السمو النفسي نحو السماء ، والعطاء لا من اجل ملذات فانية ، لذا نجده يصوره تصويرا من خلال اللغة والتشبيه والاستعارة تصويرا روحيا ، ويضع ميزانا لتشبيهاته بين الروحانيات والماديات .
اصبغ ابن العميد للعصر صورته ، وهو لم يأخذ منه بقدر عطائه له وصور الحب بصيغة مختلفة عن كل العصور, وتفريقه بين حب بين الصديق والاخ والابن وغيره ، وكتب رسائله كلها في صيغة تشعر بالحب على انك لا ترى المفردة ، وتشعر بها ولا تجد اللفظ وهذا ما نقف عنده في مباحث هذا البحث .
Reducing Barriers in Analyzing Eye Tracking Data: The Development of a GUI to Preprocess Eye Tracking Data
Authors: Atweh Jad , Tabbara Ihab , Nasrallah Ghady , Riggs Sara
Published: November 2024

By capturing gaze points and eye movement patterns, eye tracking technology enables researchers to gain insights into visual attention, cognitive processes, and human behavior. Raw eye tracking data is inherently noisy, containing coordinates with occasional invalid entries. Researchers commonly face the challenge of cleaning and refining this data before proceeding to calculate essential eye tracking metrics. Critical preprocessing steps involve filtering out noise, detecting events such as fixations and saccades, and deriving metrics such as fixation duration, saccade amplitude, and more. This paper introduces a tool that provides users with the ability to preprocess data from both Gazepoint and FOVIO eye trackers. The methodology adopted for this line of work is based on Nystrom and Holmqvist’s (2010) data and velocity-driven algorithm. Preliminary results show the methodology developed as part of this line of work is promising in terms of improved accuracy and reliability in detecting fixations and saccades. Furthermore, this code and its versatile Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been successfully employed in multiple studies. Finally, we present supplementary code for calculating various eye tracking metrics and percent gaze overlap, extending the utility of our tool for in-depth analysis of visual attention and collaborative gaze behavior.
Self-Retraction as Redemption: Forgiveness for Repentant Authors
Authors: Haghshenas Abbas
Published: November 2024

While the scientific community has traditionally responded to misconduct in publications through various penalties, the potential for encouraging self-retraction by waiving such punishments has been less explored. This approach could significantly enhance and accelerate the refinement of scientific discourse. Inspired by a real experience of confronting systematic collusion against the retraction of several fraudulent publications, this paper proposes a model for Hierarchical Self-Retraction Forgiveness (HSRF). The model is specifically designed for retractions related to misconduct, aiming to mitigate systemic obstacles to retraction. By alleviating concerns over reputational damage, it seeks to encourage both authors and their affiliated institutions, as well as the higher supporting layers of the system, to engage in self-retraction without fear of social or institutional penalties. While care has been taken to ensure this approach does not provide fraudsters with a blank check, further considerations may still be needed to fully address this concern.
Exposure to compound climate hazards transmitted via global agricultural trade networks
Authors: Keys Patrick , Barnes Elizabeth , Diffenbaugh Noah , Hertel Thomas , Baldos Uris , Hedlund Johanna
Published: November 2024

Compound climate hazards, such as co-occurring temperature and precipitation extremes, substantially impact people and ecosystems. Internal climate variability combines with the forced global warming response to determine both the magnitude and spatial distribution of these events, and their consequences can propagate from one country to another via many pathways. We examine how exposure to compound climate hazards in one country is transmitted internationally via agricultural trade networks by analyzing a large ensemble of climate model simulations and comprehensive trade data of four crops (i.e. wheat, maize, rice and soya). Combinations of variability-driven climate patterns and existing global agricultural trade give rise to a wide range of possible outcomes in the current climate. In the most extreme simulated year, 20% or more of the caloric supply in nearly one third of the world’s countries are exposed to compound heat and precipitation hazards. Countries with low levels of diversification, both in the number of suppliers and the regional climates of those suppliers, are more likely to import higher fractions of calories (up to 93%) that are exposed to these compound hazards. Understanding how calories exposed to climate hazards are transmitted through agricultural trade networks in the current climate can contribute to improved anticipatory capacity for national governments, international trade policy, and agricultural-sector resilience. We recommend concerted effort be made toward merging cutting-edge seasonal-to-decadal climate prediction with international trade analysis in support of a new era of anticipatory Anthropocene risk management.
Statistical learning of task relevance, rather than stimulus prevalence, improves visual working memory recall
Authors: Xu Luzi , Sahakian Andre , van der Stigchel Stefan , Paffen Chris , Gayet Surya
Published: November 2024

Our visual environment often overwhelms us with more information than we can process. We can, however, enhance our processing efficiency by leveraging inherent regularities in the environment, such as prioritizing likely target objects over unlikely ones. Although there is evidence that statistical learning improves visual working memory performance, it is unclear whether this improvement occurs through stimulus prevalence or task relevance. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we examined whether frequent appearance or frequent probing of stimuli (or both) contributes to improvements in visual working memory recall. Participants were asked to recall and replicate the orientation of one of two previously presented Gabors as precisely as possible. In two experiments, we manipulated (1) stimulus prevalence by presenting Gabors more frequently on one side (either left or right), and (2) task relevance by probing Gabors more frequently on one side (either left or right). We found comparable orientation recall performance for to-be-remembered stimuli appearing at probable versus improbable locations, which suggests that regularities in stimulus prevalence did not improve memory recall. Contrastingly, we found better recall for stimuli appearing at locations that were more versus less likely to be probed. Specifically, task relevance enhanced working memory recall, both by reducing the number of categorical errors (e.g., misremembering a vertical-oriented Gabor as a horizontal one) and by increasing fine-grained recall precision (i.e., reducing minor variances in recall for memorized items). These findings highlight that statistical learning of task relevance, but not of stimulus prevalence, enhances visual working memory recall performance.
Fragile mémoire : Des oublis liés à l’âge à ceux causés par la maladie d’Alzheimer
Authors: Bastin Christine
Published: November 2024

De nombreuses personnes s’inquiètent des problèmes de mémoire qu’elles rencontrent au quotidien. Cette inquiétude s’accentue lorsqu’on vieillit car la crainte que les oublis soient le signe d’une maladie d’Alzheimer est répandue. Pour bien identifier quel problème de mémoire peut annoncer l’apparition d’une future démence, il est indispensable de bien comprendre comment la mémoire fonctionne. Cette compréhension permet d’une part de réaliser pourquoi les oublis sont fréquents et ne sont pas nécessairement le signe d’une maladie, et d’autre part, de proposer les tests les plus adaptés pour détecter au mieux les premiers troubles cognitifs spécifiques de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Dans ce texte de vulgarisation scientifique, j’explique le fonctionnement de la mémoire pour clarifier quels oublis sont normaux et quels tests mnésiques pourraient servir au diagnostic précoce de la maladie d’Alzheimer.
Bilingualism modulates domain-general functional connectivity: insights from EEG and artificial grammar learning
Authors: Sheehan Alex , Saddy Doug , Krivochen Diego , Gupta Shruti , Pliatsikas Christos
Published: November 2024

Bilingualism is associated with distinct patterns of resting-state functional brain connectivity – a consequence of ongoing language control demands that do not apply to monolinguals. However, it is not well understood how these patterns affect, and are affected by, brain activation for domain-general cognitively demanding tasks. Here, we employ a novel task-driven resting-state electroencephalography design including an implicit Lindenmayer grammar learning task, which tracks aperiodic and hierarchical dependencies, to determine task-related functional connectivity changes in bilinguals. Quantified bilingual experience was used as a predictor of directional effects, using Generalised Additive Models to account for non-linear patterns. Our results revealed whole-brain post-task alterations to connectivity, including increased involvement of bilateral temporal and posterior regions and reduced involvement of frontal regions. Crucially, greater bilingual experience was associated with more distributed processing, suggesting enhanced efficiency. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how domain-general processing and connectivity are shaped by linguistic experience.
Characterizing heterogeneity in human reinforcement learning and the arbitration of behavioral control
Authors: Cockburn Jeffrey , Ding Weilun , Oh Sarah , Charpentier Caroline J , Feusner Jamie D. , Tadayonnejad Reza , O'Doherty John
Published: November 2024

The mechanisms by which humans select or arbitrate between different reinforcement-learning (RL) and decision making strategies remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the very nature of the strategies being utilized has come under recent debate. To address these questions we developed a novel variant of the standard two-step decision task and deployed it through multiple large-sample studies. We found that humans rely on at least three forms of uncertainty to drive the arbitration process: transition uncertainty, model-free reward prediction uncertainty and model-based reward-prediction uncertainty. However, these distinct arbitration mechanisms were heterogeneously deployed across individuals depending on which core strategies individuals relied on. Some individuals behaved in a manner consistent with model-free control, others were predominantly model-based, while others exhibited a mixture of the two strategies. These individuals exhibiting RL behavior can be further distinguished from another group that do not exhibit RL-like behavior at all. Each of these distinct strategy repertoires were related to behavioral trait phenotypes that are dissociable with respect to compulsivity and impulsivity, suggesting they are indexing meaningful individual differences. Individuals differed fundamentally in the nature of the strategies that they arbitrated over depending on their core strategy repertoire: while some relied only on model-based control and arbitrated between different task models, others actively switched between model-based and model-free control. Our findings thus suggest that human reinforcement-learning varies considerably across individuals both in terms of the variables used to drive arbitration and the strategies being arbitrated over. While this complexity entails methodological challenges, it heralds new opportunities for attaining a deeper understanding of the nature of individual differences in human reinforcement-learning in both health and disease.
Co-designed unguided internet cognitive behaviour therapy for grief in adolescence: A pilot randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Egan Sarah Jane , Pauley-Gadd Sian Belinda , Callgahan Thomas , O'Brien Amy , Greene Danyelle , Bills Elizabeth , Raghav Shravan , Payne Nicholas , Myers Bronwyn , Hall Christopher , Wilson Hayden , Eisma Maarten C. , Boelen Paul A. , Smith Kirsten , Wild Jennifer , Duffy michael , Trickey David , Breen Lauren
Published: November 2024

Grief is a common experience in adolescence. This pilot randomised controlled trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of unguided internet CBT for grief. Efficacy was assessed for anxiety (primary outcome), well-being, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and prolonged grief (secondary outcomes), relative to a four-week wait-list control. There were 88 participants (M = 16.95 years, SD = 1.45; age range 13-18 years; 66% female, 30% male, 4% non-binary/gender diverse/prefer not to say), with bereavement (80%) or other loss (20%; e.g., parent divorce) randomised to intervention or control. Intervention participants received eight modules delivered over four-weeks. Participants completed a post-intervention assessment, with intervention participants completing a second assessment four weeks later. Findings suggest good feasibility, with adequate recruitment and 18% attrition. While no differences in symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, or prolonged grief were observed between intervention and control post-intervention, there was a significant small effect on well-being in favour of the intervention. For intervention participants, there was a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD at follow-up, and moved from a clinical to non-clinical range of PTSD symptoms. Acceptability was high, 97% of intervention participants liked the program. The intervention should be further examined.
US Infant Formulas Contain Primarily Added Sugars: An Analysis of the Infant Formulas on the US Market
Authors: Rips-Goodwin Audrey , Jun Daiil , Griebel-Thompson Adrianne , Kong Kai Ling , Fazzino Tera
Published: November 2024

Objective: Consumption of added sugars is contraindicated for infants <2 years old due to potentially harmful metabolic effects. However, recent research revealed that most US-produced infant formulas contain added sugars. The current study examined the proportion of added sugars in US infant formulas to determine whether US formulas contain primarily added sugars, which may present a risk to infant metabolic health, or whether formulas contain primarily naturally occurring lactose (the sugar present in human breastmilk).Methods: Data were obtained from the Nutrition Data System for Research and represented US the infant formula market as of 2022 (N=73). Formulas were categorized into three mutually exclusive types by their marketing labels: standard (n=31), gentle (n=27), and lactose-free (n=15). The proportion of added sugars from each type of sugar were calculated, as was the percent of naturally occurring lactose. Differences across formula types were examined using Bayesian modeling. Results: The median percent added sugars was high in standard (M=59.7%; IQR=22.0), gentle (M=85.0%; IQR=39.5), and lactose-free formulas (M=90.0%; IQR=54.3). Gentle formulas had significantly lower proportional lactose (OR=0.22, 95% HDI=[0.11, 0.44], pd=99.3%) and had >2 fold higher proportional added sugar contents compared to standard formulas (ORs=2.11 to 2.57, 95% HDI > 0, pd=99.1-99.99%). Lactose-free formulas had 4-8 times higher proportional sucrose (OR=8.92, 95% HDI=[3.86, 20.8], pd=100%) and maltose (OR=4.91, 95% HDI=[2.51, 9.56], pd=100%) relative to standard and gentle formulas (sucrose 95% CI=[-1.67, -0.26], maltose 95% CI=[-0.35, -0.04]). Conclusions: Most infant formulas on the US market contained primarily added sugars.
Exploring the unique and cumulative effects of individual-level and social determinants on suicidal ideation trajectories during health and environmental crises – a longitudinal study of Australians
Authors: Wong Quincy J. J. , Onie Sandersan , McGillivray Lauren , Burnett Alexander , Theobald Adam , Shand Fiona , Torok Michelle , Larsen Mark
Published: November 2024

Background. There is a paucity of research that has examined how significant health, social, and environmental crises impact suicidal ideation, particularly where these events co-occur and have potentially synergistic adverse effects. The aim of this study was to identify the unique and cumulative contributions of mental health, social, and environmental risks on 12-month trajectories of suicidal ideation. Methods. A community-based sample of 1928 Australians (aged ≥16 years) completed online surveys measuring mental health, social, and environmental risk factors, and suicidal ideation at baseline, and the suicidal ideation measure was repeated at four follow-up timepoints.Results. Analyses showed five different trajectories of suicidal ideation (one stable low ideation trajectory; four vulnerable trajectories). A different set of risk factor variables predicted each vulnerable trajectory relative to the low trajectory. A cumulative risk index representing the combined effects of the mental health, social, and environmental risk factors also predicted each vulnerable trajectory relative to the low trajectory.Conclusions. While adversity resulting from exposure to health and environmental crises was associated with suicidal ideation, the heterogeneity in how patterns of mental health, social, and environmental factors related to trajectory classes suggests that people experience these events differently. A cumulative risk index may be a potentially useful indicator of risk.
First-Principles DFT Study of the Molecular Structure, Spectroscopic Analysis, Electronic Structures and Thermodynamic Properties of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Gharti Magar Pima , Uprety Roshika , Rai Krishna Bahadur
Published: November 2024

We present an analysis of the optimized geometry, vibrational spectroscopic frequencies, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap, global reactivity parameters, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), electrostatic potential (ESP), electronic density (ED), density of states (DOS), Mulliken charges and thermodynamic properties of Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) using the density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set. Various vibrational modes including C-C and C-H stretching vibrations were observed and identified. Along with these, in-plane C-H bending vibrations were also detected within the range of 3000-3100 cm-1. Analysis of the calculated HOMO and LUMO energies revealing insights into its chemical stability and reactivity and inform significant charge transfer phenomenon with an energy gap of 5.6545 eV between them within the molecule. The DOS spectrum provided additional clarity on the energy levels of orbitals, complementing with our HOMO-LUMO analysis. The global reactivity parameters i.e. hardness, chemical potential, electronegativity, chemical softness and electrophilicity index were determined to be 2.8272 eV, -3.9892 eV, 3.9892 eV, 0.3481 eV⁻¹ and 2.8143 eV respectively suggesting valuable information on its chemical reactivity and interaction potential. Visualizations of ESP, MEP and ED offered a deeper understanding of its molecular interactions and charge distribution. The Mulliken charges analysis indicated that most of the carbon atoms except C10 and all the hydrogen atoms show positive charge while all the oxygen atoms together with C10 show the negative charges emphasizing key regions of positive and negative charge localization. Among them, C1 and O8 atoms have the highest positive and negative charges respectively. Heat capacities at constant volume and at constant pressure, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy were observed to increase with rise in temperature contrasting with the trend observed for Gibbs free energy providing insights into the molecule's behavior under different temperature.
From the Hamilton-Jacobi equation to the Schrödinger equation and vice versa, without additional terms and approximations
Authors: Bulnes J.D. , Travassos M.A.I. , Juraev D.A. , Lopez-Bonilla J.
Published: November 2024

In this article, we will answer a question posed in the book Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein: ``"Is the Hamilton-Jacobi equation the short wavelength limit of the Schrödinger equation?" But, before that, we will identify an essential element that will take us from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation to the dynamic equation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics for a function ψ through an exact procedure. This element is the linear independence of the functions ψ and ψ* (their complex conjugate). Their independence is demonstrated for physical systems where the acting physical potential does not explicitly depend on time. Proceeding in reverse, from the Schrödinger equation, we obtain the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, exactly, without additional terms.
Study of electronic structure of organic solar cell molecules
Authors: Diyali Nirmal , Adhikari Bishwas , Adhikari Kapil
Published: November 2024

This study employs the 6-311G(2d,2p) basis set and the B3LYP functional within the density functional theory (DFT) framework,using Gaussian09 suite, to examine the electronic proper- ties of experimental molecules, including Benzo[1,2-b:5,5 b’]dithiophene, 2-2’bithiophene, and 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene, crucial components of organic solar cells. The geometrical structures of these molecules are depicted, highlighting their individual components. Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) analysis reveals the significance of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) in the electrical structure of molecules, impacting various quantum chemical parameters and predicting reactivity, stability, and solar cell efficiency. Molecular absorption coefficients, UV-visible spectroscopy data, and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) maps further elucidate the light absorption, stability, and reactivity of these molecules. The results suggest that 2-2’bithiophene exhibits superior electron-donating capacity and nucleophilicity, while 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene displays heightened electrophilicity. Benzo[1,2-b:5,5 b’]dithiophene shows greater light absorption capability and light-harvesting potential. Understanding these elec- tronic properties aids in optimizing the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells.
Analysis and Characterization of Pericopsis mooniana Seed Oil for Potential Applications in Cosmetics and Nutritional Supplements
Authors: K.A.H. Thathsara  , Chinthaka S.D.M.
Published: November 2024

Pericopsis mooniana is renowned for wood applications, while its bark and leaves find uses in ayurvedic medicine. The shifting of global cosmetic and nutritional supplement industries towards plant-based oils has led to explore novel sources. No prior studies were done on P. mooniana seed oil. Therefore this study aims to characterize the seed oil of P. mooniana by determining Fatty Acids (FA) composition as their methyl esters, nonpolar constituents in unsaponifiable matter, and other physio-chemcial properties. The oil was extracted using the soxhlet extraction method. Ash and moisture contents of seeds, Acid Value (AV), Iodine Value (IV), smoke point and thermal stability of oil were also determined. Prepared fatty acid methyl esters and chemical constituents in unsaponifiable matter were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method. Results indicated a substantial oil yield of 36.71± 0.01% with moisture content of 5.60 ± 0.19%, ash content of 3.65 ± 0.38%, AV of 2.97 ± 0.40 mg KOH/g, IV of 16.02 ± 0.14 g I2/100g, smoke point of 233.6 ± 8.57°C, decomposition temperature of 409.95 ± 1.74°C and yield of unsaponifiable matter of 1.35 ± 0.01%. The dominant FAs are oleic (41.02%) and linoleic (38.12%) acids. Major unsaponifiable matter constituents are squalene (4.01 mg/g), beta.-sitosterol (2.63 mg/g), stigmasterol (1.23 mg/g), phytol (1.45 mg/g), geranylgeraniol (1.03 mg/g) and amyrin (0.95 mg/g). Based on the finding of this study, it can be concluded that P. mooniana seed oil has the potential to be utilized in both cosmetic and nutritional supplement industries.
Propuesta pedagógica para el desarrollo de competencias STEAM y de sostenibilidad en niños de Educación Infantil
Authors: Fernández Morilla Mónica , Redondo Lorente Núria
Published: November 2024

Introducción: investigaciones recientes han resaltado la importancia de las experiencias educativas tempranas por su influencia en el desarrollo cerebral de los niños. Estas deben atender a sus necesidades, aprovechando la capacidad y plasticidad de su cerebro durante la etapa de Educación Infantil. El objetivo fue analizar el impacto de una propuesta didáctica que aglutina el aprendizaje por indagación, la educación al aire libre y el modelo 5E para el desarrollo de competencias STEAM y competencias en sostenibilidad durante esta etapa. Metodología: una metodología mixta de investigación permitió recoger datos sobre el aprendizaje de los niños y sobre la opinión de sus maestras acerca de este tipo de prácticas docentes. Resultados: tras la intervención se reveló un notable avance en el desarrollo de competencias STEAM y de sostenibilidad, así como el acuerdo entre las maestras sobre el valor de esta propuesta para fomentar el aprendizaje integral. Discusión: las actividades implementadas ofrecieron un recorrido a través de las dimensiones afectiva, cognitiva y metacognitiva, proporcionando herramientas esenciales para autorregular y gestionar de forma autónoma los futuros aprendizajes. Conclusiones: se puede afirmar que la inclusión de estas estrategias de trabajo interdisciplinarias y en entornos diversos han representado prácticas docentes de éxito en este contexto.
Representación de lo femenino en libros de texto de francés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Porras Pérez Concepción , Ruiz Cecilia Raúl
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Actualmente, el empleo de manuales escolares en las clases de lenguas extranjeras continúa siendo un recurso significativo en el proceso de aprendizaje de otros idiomas. Así, es imperativo considerar los conceptos y valores éticos que estos materiales pueden transmitir a los estudiantes, siendo crucial centrarse en los estereotipos de género que persisten en muchos de los manuales utilizados en las aulas. Por consiguiente, resulta fundamental actualizar estos materiales con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo social de la mujer desde la etapa escolar. Metodología: Adoptaremos un enfoque de investigación documental, implementado a través de una revisión bibliográfica, identificando y analizando estudios previos realizados sobre la enseñanza del francés como lengua extranjera. Resultados: Los manuales analizados tienden a presentar a hombres y mujeres de manera estereotipada, asignándoles roles tradicionales en el hogar y en el trabajo, respectivamente. Observamos que algunos manuales no siguen los principios de igualdad de género establecidos en el currículo educativo. Discusión: Destacamos que numerosos manuales de francés utilizados en el aula perpetúan, de diversas formas, la imagen estereotipada y subordinada de la mujer al heteropatriarcado. Conclusiones: Queda en evidencia la desigualdad con la que los manuales escolares tratan al sexo femenino en sus materiales educativos.
Narrativas para la inclusión desde el álbum ilustrado: tipologías de álbumes para educar en la diversidad
Authors: Hidalgo Rodríguez Mª Carmen , Blancas Álvarez Sara
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Esta investigación estudia los valores inclusivos que transmite el álbum ilustrado infantil actual a partir de cinco categorías: Igualdad de género, Multiculturalismo, Discapacidad, “Lo diferente”, y Personas mayores. El objetivo fundamental es valorar hasta qué punto se contribuye desde el álbum ilustrado a la formación de niños tolerantes y respetuosos. Metodología: El análisis llevado a cabo utiliza un sistema cuantitativo y cualitativo, que profundiza en el mensaje de la narración icono-textual, y que toma como referentes los estudios de Nikolajeva y Scott, y Nodelman. Resultados y discusión: Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca la preponderancia de álbumes ilustrados que tratan sobre la diferencia que presentan los protagonistas y que los convierte en vulnerables, para hablar tanto de temas cotidianos como de otros más complejos. Se obtienen una gran variedad de tipologías en las distintas categorías donde abundan narraciones sobre relaciones especiales, personas que se sienten diferentes, o niños que se niegan a adoptar los roles impuestos por la sociedad. Conclusiones: Como contrapartida, y parte de las conclusiones, se reivindican los álbumes sobre colectivos o situaciones prácticamente ausentes, como personas con discapacidad física, personas mayores empoderadas, o niñas y mujeres que se opongan a los estereotipos.
Weryfikacja duchownych w Rejestrze Sprawców Przestępstw na Tle Seksualnym – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Służalec Michał
Published: November 2024

Zgodnie z nowelizacją ustawy z dnia 13 maja 2016 r. o przeciwdziałaniu zagrożeniom przestępczością na tle seksualnym i ochronie małoletnich, której dokonano w dniu 28 lipca 2023 r., obowiązek weryfikacyjny, służący realizacji celów tego aktu, został rozszerzony na osoby, które mają być dopuszczone do działalności związanej m.in. z rozwojem duchowym. Omawiany obowiązek polega na sprawdzeniu danej osoby w Rejestrze Sprawców Przestępstw na Tle Seksualnym. Celem artykułu jest analiza odnoszących się do tego przepisów, z uwzględnieniem specyfiki działalności duchownych na rzecz małoletnich. Istotne znaczenie w tym kontekście posiada ustalenie, jaki wpływ na działalność kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych ma rozszerzenie obowiązku weryfikacyjnego. W tym zakresie, de lege lata, autor wskazuje, że – co do zasady – obowiązek ten spoczywa także na kościelnych osobach prawnych. Zwraca też uwagę na wątpliwości dotyczące interpretacji analizowanych przepisów.
Violencia política de género en la esfera digital en América Latina
Authors: Ríos Tobar Marcela
Published: November 2024

El documento explora la problemática de la violencia política de género en la esfera digital en contra las mujeres en América Latina. A pesar de los avances en la representación política de las mujeres en América Latina, persisten desafíos significativos, como la violencia de género en la política. Esta investigación aborda cómo las nuevas tecnologías han generado nuevas formas de violencia hacia las mujeres en política. El documento sistematiza conceptos y estudios, mostrando una "pirámide de violencia política digital" donde diferentes formas de acoso pueden escalar hasta la violencia física. Además, revisa la legislación sobre violencia política digital en la región y concluye con recomendaciones urgentes para todos los actores involucrados.
Innovative technical solutions developed under the leadership of M. F. Reshetnev in the creation of the first Siberian launcher “Cosmos-3M”
Authors: Nazarov Vladimir Pavlovich , Golovenkin Evgeny Nikolaevich , Piunov Valery Yuryevich
Published: November 2024

Academician Mikhail Fedorovich Reshetnev is one of the outstanding scientists, designers and production organizers who stood at the origins of the development of rocket and space technology in our country and made a significant contribution to domestic and world cosmonautics. 2024 marks the 100th anniversary of his birth and the 60th anniversary of the first launch of the Kosmos-3 launch vehicle (LV), created under his leadership in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The article discusses the main stages of design, development work, flight design tests and the launch of mass production of the rocket. It is noted that the creation of the PH was carried out mainly at the production base of the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant. The most important events related to the organization of the OKB-1 branch, which was then transformed into an independent OKB, are described in chronological order. The role of M.F.'s personality is shown. Reshetnev in solving complex scientific, technical, organizational and production problems of mastering new technology in the Siberian region, remote from the rocket, space and scientific centers of the country.
Information is provided on innovative technical solutions developed under the guidance of M. F. Reshetnev during the creation of the Kosmos-3 launch vehicle and its subsequent modification. It is noted that M. F. Reshetnev in his scientific and technical activities constantly received the support of S. P. Korolev and M. K. Yangel, successfully cooperated with the largest design organizations headed by V. P. Glushko, A. M. Isaev, V. G. Sergeev and other well-known leaders and specialists of the rocket and space industry.
Comparative analysis of methods for regulating the frequency characteristics of simulators of electrical characteristics of spacecraft power supply systems
Authors: Mizrakh Yenis Avrumovich , Lobanov Dmitry Konstantinovich , Kharlashina Sofya Vyacheslavovna
Published: November 2024

One of the main systems of a spacecraft (SC) is the power supply system (PSS). The basis of PDS are secondary power sources (SPS), which use various methods of controlling and converting electricity, which leads to significant differences in their dynamic properties. From the side of on-board consumers, the dynamics of the power transmission system is determined by the total internal resistance (impedance) of the VIP.
When conducting ground electrical tests of spacecraft ETS, due to the complexity of using power supply systems, test complexes are used, the basis of which is simulators of electrical characteristics of electric power transmission systems (EPTS).
Modern ISPS use a modular configuration principle, which makes it possible to produce EPTS of different powers, but energy modules have fixed or adjustable impedance frequency characteristics over a narrow frequency range, which leads to a limitation of the types of simulated PSPS. Equipping the EPTS with the property of regulating frequency characteristics in a wide frequency range expands the functionality of the EPTS, as it allows you to simulate the dynamic properties of the PSEP containing different types of VIPs.
The purpose of the work is to study and comparative analysis of three methods for regulating the impedance frequency characteristics (IFC) of the EPTS module.
Methods for regulating the frequency response of an EPTS are considered on the basis of its generalized functional diagram containing mathematical models: amplifier-adder (AS), serial correction device (CU), power amplifier (PA), voltage divider (DN) and load (L). The article analyzes options for regulating the impedance frequency characteristics of EPTS, and considers three methods for regulating the IFC: two with a passive correction device and one with an active CU.
The paper presents a simulation model in the MicroCap package of the electrical circuit of the EPTS module, and computational experiments have been carried out on each method of regulating the IFC of the EPTS.
Based on the results of the study, a method for correcting and regulating the IFC of the EPTS is recommended, which makes it possible to separately regulate the low-frequency and mid-frequency regions of the IFC, which makes it possible to significantly simplify the configuration and provision of the IFC of the EPTS in accordance with the specified requirements.