bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Upadacitinib and Tofacitinib in Ulcerative Colitis: A US Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Kochhar Gursimran S. , Khataniar Himsikhar , Jairath Vipul , Farraye Francis A. , Desai Aakash
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

There are limited real-world data comparing the effectiveness of upadacitinib and tofacitinib in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX, a multi-institutional database, to compare the effectiveness of upadacitinib and tofacitinib in patients with UC. The primary aim was to assess the risk of a composite outcome of hospitalization requiring intravenous steroids and/or colectomy within 6 and 12 months. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed for demographics, comorbid conditions, mean hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin, and calprotectin, and prior UC medications including recent oral or intravenous steroid use between the cohorts. Risk was expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS:

There were 526 patients in the upadacitinib cohort (mean age 40.4 ± 16.3, 44.8% female sex, 76.6% White race) and 1,149 patients in the tofacitinib cohort (mean age 42 ± 17.1, 41.9% female sex, 76% White race). After propensity score matching, there was no significant difference in the risk of the composite outcome of need for intravenous steroids and/or colectomy within 6 months (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.49–1.09). However, there was a lower risk of the composite outcome (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.89) in the upadacitinib cohort compared with the tofacitinib cohort within 12 months. There was no difference in the risk of intravenous steroid use (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.48–1.02) but lower risk of colectomy (aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27–0.79). In sensitivity analysis, there was also a lower risk of the composite outcome (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44–0.94), including lower risk of intravenous steroid use (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.99) and colectomy (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.92) in the upadacitinib cohort compared with the tofacitinib cohort within 12 months.

DISCUSSION:

This study utilizing real-world data showed that upadacitinib was associated with improved disease-specific outcomes at 12 months compared with tofacitinib in patients with UC.
Rethinking assessment: the potential of ‘innovative’ or ‘creative’ assessments in history
Authors: Holland Sarah
Published: July 2024

Assessment forms an integral part of history education at all levels, throughout school, college and university. The process of assessing and being assessed occupies much time and attention of staff and students alike. Research demonstrates that diversifying assessment methods has the potential to enhance student engagement. However, assessment remains relatively traditional compared to innovation in other areas of history curricula. Opportunities to rethink assessment can feel limited, constrained by sector or institutional frameworks. This article uses practitioner research to advocate rethinking assessment in history, and asks how ‘creative’ or ‘innovative’ approaches to assessment can make this a more effective and meaningful process within a subject-specific context. The focus is history assessment in higher education in the UK, but the context, discussion and recommendations have wider reach, extending beyond disciplinary, educational sector and geographical boundaries. It demonstrates the potential, practicalities and possible pitfalls of alternative forms of assessment, using a case study of creative approaches to assessing history.
Procesos autorregulatorios en profesorado de secundaria durante las clases online por Covid-19
Authors: Sáez Delgado Fabiola , Manriquez Constanza , López Angulo Yaranay , Mella Norambuena Javier , Contreras Saavedra Carolina
Published: July 2024

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los procesos autorregulatorios en profesorado durante las clases online producto de la pandemia de Covid-19, en cuanto a su descripción, relación con la edad y diferencias entre los diferentes procesos. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y diseño descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. Participaron 84 profesores de Educación Diferencial de secundaria cuyo promedio de edad era 30 años. Se utilizó la escala de procesos autorregulatorios docentes Teacher Self-Regulation Scale (Capa-Aydin et al., 2009), la cual estaba validada en la muestra objetivo. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que durante la pandemia de Covid-1, el profesorado considera las características de sus estudiantes para planificar; participa de las clases con entusiasmo; su meta es mejorar el aprendizaje del estudiantado; autogestiona el tiempo; y evalúa si ha alcanzado sus objetivos o no. Además, existe correlación entre la edad con el control emocional y la búsqueda de ayuda. Y el tercer resultado muestra diferencias según sexo en la dimensión Autoinstrucción. En conclusión, se evidenció que los procesos autorregulatorios del profesorado de educación secundaria de la especialidad de Educación Diferencial durante la pandemia se han desplegado en su ejercicio docente; así también las variables sociodemográficas sexo edad son significativas en la explicación de los niveles de autorregulación.
El incumplimiento de una obligación aduanera como hecho imponible del IVA a la importación
Authors: Miguel Canuto Enrique de
Published: July 2024

¿Es cierto, como sostiene un sector doctrinal, que el IVA a la importación no puede originarse en virtud de un hecho imponible distinto del hecho imponible de la deuda aduanera?
De nuevo sobre la compatibilidad de la doble imposición jurídica internacional con el Derecho de la UE: Consideraciones en torno a la Directiva (UE) 2017/1852
Authors: Ildefonso Mendonça María Júlia
Published: July 2024

La doble imposición jurídica internacional representa un importante obstáculo a la realización del mercado interior, al suponer una carga adicional para los contribuyentes que se acogen a la libre circulación. En el presente trabajo se examina la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en aquellos casos en los que no se ha logrado eliminar la doble imposición jurídica internacional y se pondera si la Directiva (UE) 2017/1852 del Consejo, de 10 de octubre de 2017, relativa a los mecanismos de resolución de litigios fiscales en la Unión Europea hubiera supuesto un rumbo distinto en tales litigios fiscales.
The anatomical and micromorphological structure of Myrtus communis L. leaves
Authors: Matsehorova O. Ye. , Odyntsova V. M.
Published: July 2024

Myrtus communis L. is a promising medicinal plant that has garnered the attention of scientists to introduce it into industrial cultivation as a raw material source for obtaining new phytopreparations. In its chemical composition, Myrtus communis L. contains many biologically active substances, which confer upon it a range of medicinal properties including astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antimutagenic, gastro- and hepatoprotective properties. Published information primarily focuses on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of common myrtle, with limited data available on its micromorphology.
The aim of the work is to study the morphological and anatomical structure and to determine the general diagnostic microscopic features of common myrtle leaves.
Materials and methods. The object of the research was fresh and dried plant material of common myrtle grown under room conditions. Transverse sections were fixed with Carnois fixative, dehydrated, and paraffinized. The sections were then cut using a Microm HM 325 microtome, followed by deparaffinization. Microscopic analysis of the leaf was performed using temporary preparations on a Carl Zeiss microscope, including the “AxioStar Plus” and “Primo Star”, equipped with a photo attachment for direct and reflected light microscopy.
Results. The external features of common myrtle leaves include their shape, color, size, smell, and type of veining. Anatomically, the leaves exhibit a cuticle, dorsiventral mesophyll, and anomocytic stomata located on the abaxial surface. Additionally, they contain calcium oxalate crystals and druses, as well as simple hairs on the midvein and schizolisogenic secretory receptacles. Histochemical studies of these cavities indicate the presence of lipophilic substances.
Conclusions. The morphological and anatomical analysis of Myrtus communis L., a representative of the myrtle genus, allowed for the identification of key diagnostic microscopic features of myrtle leaves. Further research prospects involve conducting a comprehensive set of phytochemical studies to establish standardization parameters for medicinal plant raw materials.
Some transformations in a series of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion derivatives
Authors: Bihdan O. A. , Parchenko V. V. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: July 2024

The continuous improvement of synthesis methods enables the optimization of the process for developing and obtaining target products of chemical transformation. Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol present a convenient object for chemical transformation, facilitating the creation of promising biologically active compounds. Combining the structure of this heterocyclic system with pharmacophore fragments of different natures allows for more effective work on the development of molecules with high pharmacological potential. To implement this strategy, 2-,3-,4-fluorophenyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiones were utilized as starting structures. This molecule possesses three reaction centers, facilitating a wide range of chemical transformations involving these substances.
The aim of the work was to create a series of 4-amino-2-((R1,R2-amino)methyl)-5-((2-,3-,4)-fluorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones as a promising source for the preparation of biologically active substances.
Materials and methods. The structure of the target compounds has been formed using well-known methods of organic chemistry. The starting materials used were 2-,3-,4-fluorophenyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiones, which were previously obtained. The first stage of the work involved the temporary protection of the amino group with a tert-butoxycarbonyl group. The second stage of the work involved the realization of Mannich reactions involving primary and secondary amines. The reaction has been carried out with formalin in an alcohol-dioxane medium. The products of the chemical transformation have been recrystallized in methanol. The third stage of the work was based on the removal of Boc-protection, which was realized using hydrochloric acid in a dioxane medium. The structures of all synthesized substances have been determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The individuality of the compounds has been confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results. The successful study of the mechanisms of Mannich reactions for 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives allowed us to obtain 4-amino-2-((R1,R2-amino)methyl)-5-((2-,3-,4)-fluorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones in quantitative yields. The studies made it possible to establish the favorable effect of protecting the amino group of the 2-,3-,4-fluorophenyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione of the tert-butyloxycarbonyl group on the course and direction of the reaction.
Conclusions. The optimal conditions for the Mannich reactions involving 2-,3-,4-fluorophenyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with intermediate Boc-protection of the amino group have been determined, which allowed us to create the theoretical basis for the successful use of Mannich reactions to expand the range of promising 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives.
Steroid-induced dermatoses: a challenge for modern dermatology
Authors: Makurina H. I. , Cherneda L. O.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this work is to determine the variability and significance of motivating and provoking factors associated with the uncontrolled use of topical glucocorticosteroids, psychological features of this condition.
Materials and methods. 50 patients with exacerbation of inflammatory dermatoses after long-term topical application of drugs with glucocorticosteroids as an active substance were examined. The key diagnostic measures were a clinical examination, an anamnesis collection with clarification of the activity class of the used agent, duration and potential reason for its systematic or periodic use. Assessment of the psycho-emotional state in relation to self-perception of one’s own body was carried out using the dermatological version of the dysmorphic disorder questionnaire – BDDQ-DV.
Results. The main pathology for which patients of both sexes used this group of drugs were rosacea, perioral dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. Taking into account anamnestic data, the mean duration of application of topical corticosteroids in creams, ointments or lotions was 10.25 ± 3.50 months for women and 8.3 ± 1.6 months for the male cohort. Most patients received information about the need to use a topical steroid from acquaintances / friends and pharmacists. The most frequent pharmacological agent was betamethasone dipropionate.
Analyzing the psychopathological aspect of the studied group, dysmorphic manifestations are prevalent and the most well argued. 32 individuals (64 %) from the cohort met the criteria for concern about the body or its parts.
Conclusions. Regional clinical features of steroid-induced dermatoses, which are mostly represented by chronic inflammatory conditions located in aesthetically significant areas, have been determined. 64 % of patients with steroid-induced dermatoses develop a psychopathological profile. An important aspect remains the necessity to raise the awareness of medical, pharmaceutical workers, and the public about the need and correct use of topical corticosteroids.
Synthesis methods of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones: review
Authors: Frolova Yu. S. , Kaplaushenko A. H. , Ihnatova T. V. , Kaplaushenko T. M.
Published: July 2024

1,2,4-Triazole-containing compounds are unique heterocyclic compounds present in an array of pharmaceuticals and biologically important compounds used in drug-discovery studies against cancer cells, microbes, and various types of diseases in the human body.
The aim of the study was to analyze in detail and combine the available literature materials to study the reactions associated with the formation of different classes of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and to study their physical-chemical properties.
Various innovative methods have been proposed and explored for synthesizing different classes of 1,2,4-triazole compounds, each with distinct applications and potential medicinal benefits. When analyzing the outcomes of studies aimed at obtaining new 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones, it’s crucial to recognize the multiple stages involved in their synthesis. These stages typically include the esterification of carboxylic acids, hydrazinolysis, the formation of carbothioamides, and thiones through alkaline cyclization. Subsequently, reactions involving the S-function are conducted, leading to the formation of various classes of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole.
The study by a team of scientists introduced a novel method for synthesizing imidazolyl- and imidazole-1,2,4-triazoles, targeting the design of safer analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
Moreover, researchers have successfully synthesized derivatives of 3-[2-(5-thio-4-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)ethyl]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, N-(3-thio-5-aryl-[1,2,4]triazole-4-yl)acylamides, 5-alkylthio-4-amino-3-(5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-thiomethyl)-1,2,4-triazole and 3-(5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-thiomethyl)-6-aryl-5,6-dihydrogen-1,2,4-triazole-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 5,5’-(alkyldiyl-bis(sulfandiyl))bis(N-(arylidene)-3-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-amines, 3-(arylsulfonyl)-4-phenyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole, expanding the scope of 1,2,4-triazole-based, compounds with potential pharmacological activities. Furthermore, the synthesis of molecules containing two 1,2,4-triazole and two benzole rings has gained traction, offering new avenues for drug development.
Mannich bases were synthesized from the corresponding thiones through a reaction with N-methylpiperazine or N-phenylpiperazine in dimethylformamide in the presence of formaldehyde.
Additionally, the synthesis of salts derived from 1,2,4-triazole highlights its importance in pharmaceutical formulations, with studies focusing on both organic and inorganic salts for potential therapeutic applications.
Conclusions. The analysis of the above-mentioned publications indicates that the search for new biologically active compounds among derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones is promising. Many 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity with little toxicity.
HUKUKİ GEÇERLİLİK VE AHLAKİ GEÇERLİLİK BAĞLAMINDA ŞÂTIBÎ’DE “SIHHAT” VE “BUTLAN” KAVRAMLARININ KULLANIMI
Authors: Cerrah Zeynep
Published: July 2024

Bu makale, Şâtıbî’nin sıhhat ve butlan kavramlarını alışılmışın dışında bir şekilde, hem hukuki geçerlilik hem ahlaki geçerlilik bağlamında kullandığını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Hukukun dışa dönük, ahlakın içe dönük yapısının bir sonucu olarak hukuki geçerlilik fiillerin kurala uygun görünmesiyle alakalı iken ahlaki geçerlilik fiillerin gerçekleştirilme niyetiyle alakalı bir kavramdır. Sıhhat ve butlan kavramları fıkıhta genellikle fiillerin dışa yansıyan yönüne ilişkin hukuki geçerlilikle ilgili bir yargı bildirdiği halde Şâtıbî, bu kavramların ayrıca niyet bağlamında yeni anlamlar kazanacağını vurgulayarak sıhhat ve butlan kavramlarını ahlaki geçerlilikle de ilişkilendirmiştir. Fiilin ahlaki geçerliliğinde önemli olan unsurun niyet oluşu, Şâtıbî’yi niyetin mahiyetiyle ilgili bir sorgulamaya itmiş ve ahlaken geçersiz bir fiilin yalnızca sevap doğurmayan bir fiil mi, yoksa günaha neden olan bir fiil mi olduğunun cevabını aramıştır.
MÜŞTERİ SEGMENTASYON MODELLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Sarıoğlu Ebru , İnel Mehmet
Published: July 2024

Şirketler için müşterilerin tanımlanması, onların gerçek ihtiyaçlarının ve beklentilerinin belirlenmesi oldukça zor bir süreçtir. Süreci kolaylaştırmak adına müşteri segmentasyonu yaparak benzer özellikleri paylaşan müşteriler daha küçük gruplara ayrılmaktadır. Müşteri segmentasyonu yapabilmek için birçok model geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, biyoteknoloji sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmaya ait 228 müşteri veri seti kullanılarak geliştirilen modellerden, geleneksel RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) modeli ile genişletilmiş LRFM (Lenght, Recency, Frequency, Monetary) ve RFMV (Recency, Frequency, Monetary, Variety) müşteri segmentasyon modelleri kıyaslanmaktadır. Yoğun olarak perakende sektöründe uygulanan bu modellerin, biyoteknoloji sektöründe faaliyet gösteren B2B firmaları için nasıl kullanılabileceği incelenmektedir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar bu yöntemlerin uygulanmasıyla hangi pazarlama stratejilerinin daha etkili olabileceğini ve sektörün hedeflerine göre en uygun yöntemin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır.
A parametric study on syngas production by adding CO2 and CH4 on steam gasification of biomass system using ASPEN Plus
Authors: Chen Bingxin
Published: July 2024

Biomass gasification technology is increasingly employed as an environmentally friendly energy source, primarily due to its minimal impact on the environment and its ability to mitigate pollution. This technology excels in producing gas with exceptionally high hydrogen content, making it a valuable source for both fuel and energy carriers. Hydrogen (H2), renowned for its stability and lack of detrimental environmental effects, holds great significance in various applications related to energy utilization and sustainability. In the current work, wood sawdust was utilized as the biomass feedstock for syngas production. The research focused on examining the impact of introducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) gases into the Gibbs reactors. The steam gasification process was modeled by the ASPEN Plus software, allowing for comprehensive analysis and simulation of the gasification reactions. According to the obtained results, the modeling performed in this study demonstrates good predictive capability when compared to the experimental data. It was shown that when the ratio of CO2 to biomass (C/B) increases, the MFR (mass flow rates) of H2 as well as CH4 decrease, whereas the flow rates of CO2 and carbon monoxide (CO) increase. These findings indicate the influence of the C/B ratio on the distribution of different gases within the gasification process. The reduction in MFR of hydrogen when transitioning from C/B = 0 to C/B = 1 in modes a and b is quantified as 17.51 % and 16.39 %, respectively. These percentages represent the magnitude of the decrease in hydrogen MFR for each specific mode when comparing two carbon dioxide to biomass ratios. When the CH4 to biomass (M/B) ratio increases, the mass flow rates of H2 exhibit a consistent upward trend, while the MFR of CO2 displays a descending form. Specifically, when in the Gibbs reactor, M/B rises from 0 to 1 for modes a and b, the mass flow rates of H2 experience significant increases of 265 % and 243 %, respectively. These findings underscore the direct relationship between the M/B ratio and hydrogen production, highlighting the potential for enhanced hydrogen yields with higher M/B ratios in the studied modes.
From Gerontocratic Rule to Political Adultism: The Experiential Bias in Germany’s Aging Electoral Democracy and the Limitations of a Vote 16 Policy
Authors: Preclik Christopher-David
Published: July 2024

Rising life expectancies and low birth rates across the Western world have heralded a profound change in the way representative democracy operates. Whereas representative democracy was politics for the young made by the old in the past, it is turning into politics for the old made by the old in the 21st century. Following Yosuke Buchmeier and Gabriele Vogt’s recent reflection on Japan’s status as the democracy with the oldest electorate, this article considers the case of Germany’s aging electoral democracy, using the 2021 federal election as its empirical foundation. Employing what Ian Shapiro labels a problematizing redescription, the paper demonstrates that a recharacterization of gerontocratic rule as political adultism better explains the election outcome than a characterization of gerontocratic rule as such. In doing so, it draws up an original conception of political adultism as the socially-accepted interpersonal, structural, and institutional discrimination of young and younger people in politics and distinguishes between two temporal phases as disenfranchised and enfranchised political adultism. The two-stage idea of political adultism gives voice to the structural injustice toward young people as political beings and facilitates a critical reflection on whether the policy of lowering the voting age to 16 would really be as desirable as many of its proponents believe it is. The unique contribution of this article is the formulation of a new social structure that diagnoses a distinctive experiential bias in democratic politics at a time in which the relationship between demography and democracy is coming to a head.
Effect of inlet diameter on the flow structure and performance for aluminum-based water-jet engine
Authors: Xu Wei , Bao WenChun , Fang Zhe , Zhang YunTian , Liu YuanShu , Ding GuoYu , Yan PingHua , Xu ChaoQi
Published: July 2024

In this study, the flow field and performance for the aluminum based water ramjet was analyzed through numerical simulation. The time decrease in evaporation heat absorption process expands the range of aluminum/water combustion and increase the specific impulse. If the diameter of atomized water droplets from the primary inlet is large, the evaporation efficiency will be further reduced, which is not conducive to the further propagation of the reaction. However, if the diameter is small, the flow field temperature will be rapidly dropped due to rapid evaporation, and a large range of low-temperature areas will appear in the reaction area of the combustor. The diameter reduction of atomized water droplets from the secondary water inlet is conducive to the diffusion of the reaction area downstream, further and makes the combustion range be expanded. This effect is benefit for increasing the specific impulse and can reduce the temperature near the wall.
Short and sweet: balancing energy savings and cleaning performance to identify efficient short-cycles for domestic dishwashers
Authors: Tewes Thomas J. , Harcq Laurence , Minot Pauline , ter Bekke Martin , Bockmühl Dirk P.
Published: July 2024

Optimizing the energy efficiency of household appliances is crucial to appliance manufacturers, energy suppliers, governments and, almost importantly, consumers. For the reliable cleaning of normally soiled dishes, consumers can save energy by using Eco-programs instead of Intensive- or Auto-programs, but this means that they have to accept cleaning times of up to 4 h. Consequently, the acceptance for these programs is not very high, despite consumers’ high willingness to save energy and water. Short-cycles that run for less than 55 min and use equal to less energy on average than Eco-programs have a high consumer potential. However, according to manufacturers, these are rather designed for lightly soiled or pre-treated dishes. Considering the Sinner’s circle, the cleaning result depends on the interaction of temperature, time, mechanics and chemistry, so we investigated the extent to which using a commercially available detergent, thus fully exploiting the “chemistry” component of the Sinner’s circle, can save time, temperature, water and, most importantly, energy in the end. Our results show that there are Short-program combinations using a commercially available detergent that reliably clean normally soiled dishes in less than 55 min and typically 30–40 min with significantly lower energy consumption than average Eco-cycles.
Classification of Force-Time Metrics Into Lower-Body Strength Domains
Authors: Geneau Mary C. , Carey David L. , Gastin Paul B. , Robertson Sam , James Lachlan P.
Published: July 2024

Geneau, MC, Carey, DL, Gastin, PB, Robertson, S, and James, LP. Classification of force-time metrics into lower-body strength domains. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1561–1567, 2024—The purpose of this study was to classify force-time metrics into distinct lower-body strength domains using a systematic data reduction analysis. A cross-sectional design was used, whereby competitive field sport athletes (F = 39, M = 96) completed a series of drop jumps, squat jumps, countermovement jumps (CMJs), loaded CMJs, and 2 isometric tasks on portable force platforms, resulting in a total of 285 force-time performance metrics. The metrics were split into 4 test “families” and each was entered into a sparse principal component analysis (sPCA) model. A single metric from each component of each family-specific sPCA were selected based on the loading, reliability, and simplicity of the metric and entered into a second sPCA that included metrics across all tests. The final sPCA revealed 7 principal components each containing 2 metrics and explained a total of 53% variance of the dataset. The final principal components were interpreted as 7 lower-body strength domains: (a) dynamic force, (b) dynamic timing, (c) early isometric, (d) maximal isometric, (e) countermovement velocity, (f) reactive output, and (g) reactive timing. The findings demonstrate that a total of 7 metrics from a drop jump, CMJ, and isometric test can be used to represent ∼50% of variance in lower-body strength performance of field sport athletes. These results can help guide and simplify the lower-body strength diagnosis process in field sport athletes.
Generation and Characterization of a NovelPrkcd-Cre Rat Model
Authors: Toivainen Sanne , Petrella Michele , Xu Li , Visser Esther , Weiss Tamina , Vellere Sofia , Zeier Zane , Wahlestedt Claes , Barbier Estelle , Domi Esi , Heilig Markus
Published: July 2024

Activity of central amygdala (CeA) PKCδ expressing neurons has been linked to appetite regulation, anxiety-like behaviors, pain sensitivity, and addiction-related behaviors. Studies of the role that CeA PKCδ+ neurons play in these behaviors have largely been carried out in mice, and genetic tools that would allow selective manipulation of PKCδ+ cells in rats have been lacking. Here, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to generate a transgenicPrkcd-cre knock-in rat and characterized this model using anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches in both sexes. In the CeA, Cre was selectively expressed in PKCδ+ cells. Anterograde projections of PKCδ+ neurons to cortical regions, subcortical regions, several hypothalamic nuclei, the amygdala complex, and midbrain dopaminergic regions were largely consistent with published mouse data. In a behavioral screen, we found no differences between Cre+rats and Cre−wild-type littermates. Optogenetic stimulation of CeA PKCδ+ neurons in a palatable food intake assay resulted in an increased latency to first feeding and decreased total food intake, once again replicating published mouse findings. Lastly, using a real-time place preference task, we found that stimulation of PKCδ+ neurons promoted aversion, without affecting locomotor activity. Collectively, these findings establish the novelPrkcd-Cre rat line as a valuable tool that complements available mouse lines for investigating the functional role of PKCδ+ neurons.
Agouti-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior Is Mediated by Central Serotonergic Pathways in Zebrafish
Authors: Godino-Gimeno Alejandra , Rocha Ana , Chivite Mauro , Saera-Vila Alfonso , Rotllant Josep , Míguez Jesús M. , Cerdá-Reverter José Miguel
Published: July 2024

Overexpression of the agouti-signaling protein (asip1), an endogenous melanocortin antagonist, under the control of a constitutive promoter in zebrafish [Tg(Xla.Eef1a1:Cau.Asip1]iim4] (asip1-Tg) increases food intake by reducing sensitivity of the central satiety systems and abolish circadian activity rhythms. The phenotype also shows increased linear growth and body weight, yet no enhanced aggressiveness in dyadic fights is observed. In fact,asip1-Tg animals choose to flee to safer areas rather than face a potential threat, thus suggesting a potential anxiety-like behavior (ALB). Standard behavioral tests, i.e., the open field test (OFT), the novel object test (NOT), and the novel tank dive test (NTDT), were used to investigate thigmotaxis and ALB in male and female zebrafish. Results showed that theasip1-Tg strain exhibited severe ALB in every test, mainly characterized by pronounced freezing behavior and increased linear and angular swimming velocities.asip1-Tg animals exhibited low central serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels and high turnover rates, thus suggesting that central monoaminergic pathways might mediate melanocortin antagonist-induced ALB. Accordingly, the treatment ofasip1-Tg animals with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), reversed the ALB phenotype in NTDT as well as 5-HT turnover. Genomic and anatomical data further supported neuronal interaction between melanocortinergic and serotonergic systems. These results suggest that inhibition of the melanocortin system by ubiquitous overexpression of endogenous antagonist has an anxiogenic effect mediated by serotonergic transmission.
Politička propaganda 20. stoljeća prikazana kroz plakate (na primjeru arhivskog gradiva)
Authors: Aladrović-Mehandžija Katarina , Slanček Gordana , Prpić Lara
Published: July 2024

Ovim radom prikazana je politička propaganda kroz Zbirke plakata brodskog i gospićkog državnog arhiva s osvrtom na stanje u drugim arhivima i Hrvatskom memorijalno-dokumentacijskom centru Domovinskog rata. Kako je politička propaganda služila različitim državnim sustavima vršeći utjecaj na živote ljudi, radom su obuhvaćena razdoblja 20. stoljeća u kojima je ona najizražajnije pokazala svoju moć. To su Prvi i Drugi svjetski rat te periodi stvaranja socijalističke Jugoslavije i Republike Hrvatske. Zanimljivo je kako je politička propaganda služila različitim državnim sustavima te utjecala na živote ljudi. Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata plakat je postao najmoćniji oblik vizualne komunikacije zahvaljujući kojemu je danas moguće stvoriti predodžbu o političkoj i društvenoj klimi protekloga vremena. Plakati koji se čuvaju u državnim arhivima mogu biti značajan sekundaran izvor povijesnih podataka.
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: Mikoshiba Takuya , Sekimizu Mariko , Saito Shin , Nakamura Shintaro , Nagai Ryoto , Kawaida Miho , Kurihara Isao , Kobayashi Sakiko , Ozawa Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

Olfactory neuroblastomas rarely secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone, leading to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. However, the prevalence, timing, and triggers of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome in patients with olfactory neuroblastomas remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate these factors and conduct a literature review. Fifteen patients with olfactory neuroblastomas who underwent surgery at our institution were included. The prevalence of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome development was assessed by evaluating adrenocorticotropic hormone expression using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, 26 patients with olfactory neuroblastomas who developed ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome from previous reports were reviewed. Among the 15 patients, three (20%) showed adrenocorticotropic hormone-positive tumor cells at the time of initial surgery, and two (13%) developed ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. The timing of developing ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome was 2.5 and 10 years following the initial treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma. Based on the literature review, nine patients with recurrent and metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma developed ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome after the initial surgery, of whom, three had confirmed disease after developing ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome, three developed during disease progression, two developed after receiving chemotherapy, and one developed after undergoing a biopsy. The timing of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome was 2.5–15 years after initial treatment. Our study revealed that acknowledging olfactory neuroblastomas can manifest as ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome with a certain low prevalence is crucial. Moreover, our study speculated that tumor stimulation, such as biopsy or chemotherapy, as well as disease progression, could trigger ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome onset. Thus, olfactory neuroblastomas can develop into ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome, even long after the initial treatment.
Distinct transcriptional and prognostic impacts of TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Marczyk Vicente Rodrigues , Maia Ana Luiza , Goemann Iuri Martin
Published: July 2024

TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T are associated with disease aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas. However, very little is known about the transcriptional consequences of these mutations and whether they both carry similar oncogenic potential. Here we characterized the transcriptional disturbances and clinical outcomes associated with the presence of each of these two mutations using data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We observed that tumors harboring the C228T mutation (n = 27) exhibited a 16-fold increase in TERT mRNA levels (P = 5.3 × 10−42), whereas C250T tumors (n = 8) showed only a two-fold increase in expression (P = 0.034). The C228T mutation was associated with the activation of signaling pathways controlling the cell cycle, cellular division, and extracellular matrix degradation. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the C228T mutation was associated with older age at diagnosis, large tumor size, lymph node invasion, and distant metastases at diagnosis. The C228T mutation was also associated with worse progression-free interval (PFI) in comparison to WT tumors (HR = 5,04; P < 0.001). This association remained significant in a multivariate analysis (HR = 3.74, P = 0.003) adjusting for BRAF-V600E status and ATA risk group. Our data indicate that TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T have distinct transcriptional consequences in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), suggesting a greater oncogenic potential for the C228T mutation. TERT promoter mutation C228T may be a useful prognostic marker to identify patients at high risk of distant recurrence. Clinical data for the C250T mutation is still limited, with no evidence up to date to confirm its prognostic significance.
Аnаlysis оf Na-А zeоlite bаsed оn kаоlin using аn X-rаy diffrаctоmeter
Authors: Оydinоv Muxlis , Igаmоv Bakhrom , Bekpulаtоv Ilkhom , Аbdurаhmоnоv Eldor , Imanova Gunel
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-A zeolite synthesized from Angren kaolin and γ-Al2O3 mixtures is considered. Crystаl sizes оf Linde Nа-А аnd synthesized Nа-А zeоlite were cоmpаred using X-rаy phаse аnаlysis. Zeоlite Linde Nа-А hаs а lаttice strаin between crystаls frоm 0.019 tо 0.23, аnd а lаttice strаin between synthesized Nа-А zeоlite crystаls frоm 0.019 to 0.24. The dislоcаtiоn density оf the sаmples wаs fоund tо be between 1014 m-2 аnd 1017 m-2. Using IR Spectrоmetric аnаlysis wаs determined tо be cоmpаtible with dаtа presented in the literаture. Spectrоmetric аnаlysis wаs determined tо be cоmpаtible with dаtа presented in the literаture. In this study, Аngren kаоlin wаs selected аs the sоurce оf аluminоsilicаte аvаilаble in Uzbekistаn.Today, the use of zeolites for technological purposes is widely introduced worldwide, they are used in the production industry for purification of various gases, and in the oil and gas industry as an adsorbent and catalyst, for the separation of hydrocarbons, and for the deep purification of gases.
Informe métrico USTA Bucaramanga 2021-2022
Authors: Idárraga-Ortiz Sergio Alejandro , Cervantes Díaz Martha , Vargas Leal Viviana Marcela
Published: July 2024

Con el apoyo del Centro de Recursos para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación CRAI-USTA y la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación, se realizó un ejercicio de vigilancia tecnológica, de acuerdo con la metodología propuesta por la norma AENOR UNE 166066:2018, con el fin de establecer la producción científica de la Universidad Santo Tomás, seccional Bucaramanga. Los factores críticos de vigilancia definidos para este ejercicio fueron las publicaciones científicas desarrolladas por los investigadores con afiliación con la “Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga”. El periodo de observación se estableció entre 2021 – 2022. Para su desarrollo se emplearon las siguientes herramientas de consulta: • Bases de datos bibliográficas de Scopus(Elsevier, B.V., 2022) y de la Core Collection de la plataforma Web of Science (Clarivate, 2022). • Google Scholar a través del programa Publish or Perish (Versión 8, Tarma Software y Anne-Wil Harzing). • Repositorio institucional de la Universidad Santo Tomás para la consulta relacionada con la formación profesional medida a través de los trabajos de grado registrados. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante • Hoja de cálculo Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office 365, 2022). • Programa especializado de minería de textos VantagePoint (Licencia Académica 15.0, Search Technology). • Programa de visualización de información VOSviewer versión 1.6.18 (Van Eck y Waltman, 2022).
Towards a Phenomenology of Digital Sociality: Two Perspectives
Authors: Vaičiulis Rokas
Published: July 2024

The phenomenology of sociality responds to the dilemma of other minds by presuming the primordially intersubjective and embodied nature of intentional communicative acts. I propose, then, to consider the phenomenology of digital sociality as the field of research dedicated to investigate the specificity of the nature of intersubjectivity and embodiment constituted by digital communication media. By dividing the discussed variety of descriptive phenomenological accounts regarding digitally mediated embodied relationships (including Shanyang Zhao, Lucy Osler and Dan Zahavi, Rebecca A. Hardesty and Ben Sheredos and others) into the trajectories of extension (digitally mediated communication as the eidetic variation of generally embodied communicative acts) and pluralism (epistemology as well as ontology and socially normative practices intrinsic to the specific digital communication platform) I aim to demonstrate the topical tendencies and explanatory strategies that are developed in the attempts to deliver digital communication platform-sensitive phenomenological descriptions, often with the help of Alfred Schutz’s and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s concepts.
Massive pulmonary atelectasis in infants of 1st and 8/12 years of age: Report of a case
Authors: Balderas-Vázquez Dalila , Mendoza-Mejías Erik Javier
Published: July 2024

Background: an exhaustive search of the descriptors in Mesh was carried out , using original national and international articles from Pubmed, Medlineplus , LILACS journals, in Spanish in English. The problem raised is given because conventional chest physiotherapy (CFT) continues as one of the main interventions in the treatment of pulmonary atelectasis, however; Why is FTC still used in the management of pulmonary atelectasis if there is not enough evidence to demonstrate its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention? Method: in the present study, qualitative methodology will be used to present a clinical case of an infant younger than 1 year and 8 months, who developed massive right pulmonary atelectasis without the slightest clinical suspicion of a foreign body (FB) in the right bronchus, which since the Initially it was managed with FTC maneuvers, without the expected result and development of complications inherent to the intervention. Results : In this case report, an early diagnosis of the reason why the infant developed right pulmonary atelectasis is required, managed with an intervention without sufficient evidence of its effectiveness for the resolution of the present respiratory complication and without the diagnosis of the true cause of the same.
Surveillance of Health Care-Associated Violence Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Waltzman Mark , Ozonoff Al , Fournier Kerri Ann , Welcher Jennifer , Milliren Carly , Landschaft Assaf , Bulis Jonathan , Kimia Amir A
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Patient and family violent outbursts toward staff, caregivers, or through self-harm, have increased during the ongoing behavioral health crisis. These health care-associated violence (HAV) episodes are likely under-reported. We sought to assess the feasibility of using nursing notes to identify under-reported HAV episodes.

METHODS

We extracted nursing notes across inpatient units at 2 hospitals for 2019: a pediatric tertiary care center and a community-based hospital. We used a workflow for narrative data processing using a natural language processing (NLP) assisted manual review process performed by domain experts (a nurse and a physician). We trained the NLP models on the tertiary care center data and validated it on the community hospital data. Finally, we applied these surveillance methods to real-time data for 2022 to assess reporting completeness of new cases.

RESULTS

We used 70 981 notes from the tertiary care center for model building and internal validation and 19 332 notes from the community hospital for external validation. The final community hospital model sensitivity was 96.8% (95% CI 90.6% to 100%) and a specificity of 47.1% (39.6% to 54.6%) compared with manual review. We identified 31 HAV episodes in July to December 2022, of which 26 were reportable in accordance with the hospital internal criteria. Only 7 of 26 cases were reported by employees using the self-reporting system, all of which were identified by our surveillance process.

CONCLUSIONS

NLP-assisted review is a feasible method for surveillance of under-reported HAV episodes, with implementation and usability that can be achieved even at a low information technology-resourced hospital setting.
Grouping of Bulgarian and foreign cotton varieties by cluster analysis
Authors: Valkova N. , Koleva M.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. During the period 2016-2019, 21 Bulgarian and 10 foreign cotton varieties were included in a trial set by the block method design in four replicates and a harvest plot of 20 m2. A cluster analysis was applied to the most important economic traits. It was found that based on the clustering by individual years and on average for four years, the varieties were divided into two or three main clusters, mainly on the traits of seed cotton yield, fiber length and lint percentage. The year conditions have influenced the phenotypic manifestation of the studied traits and have had a significant impact on the genotypes clustering by the individual years. The clustering of the varieties based on the average data for four years showed different degrees of genetic similarity and distance between them and with the standard variety – Chirpan-539. The varieties Helius, Trakia, Philipopolis and Plovdiv, which were highly productive, were genetically very similar and it is appropriate to include them in one selection program together with the varieties Natalia, Dorina, Vega, Perla-267, Kolorit, (Bulgarian selection), Stoneville 112, Deltapine 30 (American) and 791-169 (Greek), which were genetically more distant from them and have shown other valuable traits.