bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Wireless Network with Wireless Distribution System using Multi-Factor Authentication-based User Authentication
Authors: Rusdan Muchamad , Sabar Muhamad
Published: August 2020

Wireless networks are one of the best alternatives in building practical and flexible computer networks that have high mobility. Most of them use wireless networks to support existing cable networks, but on wireless networks, they still use cable media as a backbone of the access point, which supports communication users can access the internet and find information. The problem of using cables as backbone media can be a significant challenge in places that are difficult to reach by wires. Wireless networks provide convenience and convenience that is high enough to use. As long as they are in an area that is supported by a wireless network, users can access the internet at any time. To make the wireless network connected to the internet safe and easy to use, we can create a user authentication system based on Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) that can be used to authenticate and authorize. In general, each user can use existing wireless network services by verifying users based on Wifi Protected Access 2 Pre-Shared Key (WPA2-PSK). The purpose of this research is to develop a wireless network that uses Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) based user authentication to be able to connect to the wireless network to increase security and provide the use of existing wireless networks. The research method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, with data collection using literature study and observation techniques. After analysis and design, it can be concluded that user authentication is based on Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) in a safe and user-friendly manner that can determine the users who are allowed and not allowed to use wireless networks.
Architectural Design of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) using Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) Method
Authors: Putri Seni , Hayati Umi , Dzulkarnaen Rizal
Published: August 2020

Sonny Medika Bidan Enen Clinic is a health service provider that has skilled medical personnel, but data management at the clinic is still done manually. The risk of errors in storing and managing medical record data caused by human error is still quite high, so that it can reduce the quality of service. With the design of the EMR (Electronic Medical Record) system it can help the process of managing medical record data, so that service and archive storage is better and can reduce errors that occur. The design of the EMR is done by the EAP (Enterprise Architecture Planning) method using the Zachman Framework. There are four stages carried out which include the seven main components of EAP, namely Design Initiation, Business Modeling, Current Technology Systems, Data Architecture Design, Application Architecture design, Technology Architecture Design, and Implementation Plan. The results of the EMR design by the EAP method successfully defined 3 business processes. In the data architecture produces 7 data entities, in the application architecture 4 application proposals are generated, and in the technology architecture the proposed architectural technology design is generated .
Pelacakkan Molekuler terhadap Hasil Sitaan Karkas Trenggiling pada Perdagangan Ilegal di Indonesia Berbasis Gen Barkode
Authors: Arifin Zein Moch Syamsul
Published: August 2020

Illegal trade in pangolins are generally in the form of carcasses, flour, scales, embryos, blood and bones. Therefore, physical tracking and identification are difficult so molecular analysis is needed to identify the specimen precisely. Investigations in the illegal trade of wildlife have benefited greatly from the advancement of DNA forensic techniques. Here, I reconstructed phylogenetic trees from the neighbor-joining analyses based on the CO1 gene sequences from the confiscated carcasses of pangolins. The genetic distance matrix calculations with the Kimura Two-parameter model (K2P) were implemented in the pairwise distance calculation in the Mega (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) program version 6.05. I included total 77 sequences of pangolins from confiscated and 92 sequences from GenBank (Manis javanica, Manis sp., Manis pentadactyla, Manis culionensis, Phataginus tricuspis, Phataginus tetradactyla, Smutsia temminckii, and Smutsia gigantea). The results of phylogenetic analysis revealed two clades of Asia and Africa with a genetic distance of 23.85±2.38% and all pangolin haplotypes confiscated identified as a species of Manis javanica. The genetic distance between Manis javanica and Manis culionensis was 3.9 ±0.89%, which it was a sister clade and the farthest genetic distance between Manis culionensis and Smutsia temmickii was 23.19±2.14%. The phylogenetic tree shows the monophyletic clade of pangolins species in the world. Phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes from Manis javanica were confiscated separately into two subclades, namely subclade A1 (19 haplotypes) and A2 (12 haplotypes). The genetic distance in subclade A1 averaged were 0.59±0.14% and subclade A2 were 1.01±0.24%, whereas it was 3.09 ± 0.64% between subclades A1 and A2. Total there were 31 haplotypes showing Manis javanica originating from a different habitat with a wide distribution.
Kelimpahan Chaetoceros spp. dan Hubungannya dengan Parameter Kualitas Air di Perairan Muara Gembong, Jawa Barat
Authors: Sri Nastiti Adriani , Mujiyanto  , Krismono
Published: August 2020

Muara Gembong waters in Bekasi Regency, West Jawa, is classified poor and degraded water quality. However, Muara Gembong waters is still a mainstay for fishermen to catch fish. The distribution and abundance of fish stock depends on the availability of natural food such as Chaetoceros spp. The purpose of this study was to analyze the abundance of Chaetoceros spp. and the relationship with various water quality parameters in Muara Gembong. The study was conducted in March for the rainy season and July 2018 for the dry season, at 20 stations. The research method used is descriptive for exploration. The results showed that the abundance of Chaetoceros spp. in the waters of Muara Gembong in March 2018 ranged from 0 to 2,110,404 cells/L, while in July 2018 it ranged from 2,831 to 7,695,683 cells/L. Chaetoceros spp. abundance influenced by seasonal factors. Chaetoceros spp. abundance in the rainy season have a close relationship with the pH and salinity of the waters. In the dry season, the abundance of Chaetoceros spp. has a close relationship with N-NO3, pH and salinity.
Microstructure of Quills in Sunda Porcupine Hystrix javanica (F. Cuvier, 1823)
Authors: Inayah Nurul , Rosa Farida Wartika , Purwaningsih Endang
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the quills type, cuticle pattern, cross-section feature, and medulla structure of the quills in Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). The second aim was to determine the nutritional content of the quills in Sunda porcupine. The specimens fixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde, then dehydrated through graded series of alcohol, and freeze-dried. The specimens attached to the stubs by sticky tape, coated with gold and observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Determination of cuticle pattern and medulla structure base on to the mammal's hair identification key by Teerink (1991). Nutritional content analysis using proximate. The study result showed that H. javanica has four types of quills; true, transitional, flat spine, and rattle quills. The SEM micrograph of the cuticle pattern showed characteristic variation in the shaft and base region, except the flat spine has no scaly feature in the base region. The cuticle of anogenital quill and hair in H. javanica has no specific feature or osmetrichia. The cross-sectional images of the three type quills of H. javanica revealed circular and alveolar arrangement. Only the flat spine has a quadriconcave feature. The true quills have multicellular and reverse cloisonné structure in the medulla, compare to the other three quills have no pattern. Nutritional content of the quills were water (89.93%), crude protein (93.66%), crude fat (0.44%), phosphorous (0.034%), calcium (0.2%), magnesium (0.01%), and sulphur (2,01%).
A qualidade de Vida no Trabalho da População de uma Pequena Cidade: um estudo em Dom Pedrito/RS
Authors: Da Cunha Stoelben Julia , Borges Gustavo da Rosa
Published: August 2020

Há algum tempo as empresas têm percebido a importância dos colaboradores se sentirem bem no ambiente de trabalho, sendo que a preocupação com a sua qualidade de vida vêm cada vez mais ganhando espaço. Desta forma, diversos estudos buscaram medir a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT); entretanto, poucos fizeram uma análise em pessoas residentes em cidades pequenas que trabalham nas mais diversas empresas e segmentos. Assim sendo, o presente artigo tem por objetivo medir o nível de QVT de trabalhadores de Dom Pedrito/RS. Por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, contando com a participação de 127 pessoas, descobriu-se de forma geral, o nível de QVT da população é mediano. Os investigados consideram a não existência de preconceito e a motivação para trabalhar os principais itens positivos; dentre os mais negativos, destacam-se a falta de instrumentos para a prática do trabalho e o fato de haver mudança na rotina das pessoas. Por fim, descobriu-se que não existem diferenças de níveis de QVT de acordo com o gênero e a faixa-etária, dando a entender, que a QVT é uma percepção que não depende do perfil das pessoas.
Planejamento de Unidades de Extração de Mel Sob a Perspectiva da Teoria Contingencial
Authors: Macohon Edson Roberto , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin , Roman Elvis Fábio
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o planejamento e a execução das unidades de extração de mel localizadas na área rural do município de Prudentópolis/PR sob a perspectiva da teoria contingencial. A pesquisa define-se como descritiva e Pesquisa-Ação. Quanto à abordagem do problema a pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa. As variáveis contingenciais propostas neste estudo foram base para a formulação do roteiro semiestruturado de entrevistas que foi aplicado às pessoas que trabalham na atividade apícola em diferentes segmentos de representatividade. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os respondentes citaram as seguintes variáveis estruturais como preponderantes ao desenvolvimento de projetos apícolas: falta de inovação e pesquisa; interferências das variações cambiais no preço dos produtos apícolas; pequenos apicultores resistentes a mudanças; ambiente burocrático das agências reguladoras (Ministério da Agricultura); assistência técnica de pouca qualidade e não continuada; ausência de movimentos associativistas consolidados; falta de capacitação profissional dos apicultores; e, ausência de políticas públicas à atividade apícola. Os respondentes afirmaram que a ausência de movimentos cooperativistas consolidados, propicia a suscetibilidade dos produtores de mel às incertezas de mercado.
O Afazer e o Fazer da Filosofia – Oralidade e Escrita como Componentes do Ensino-Aprendizagem
Authors: Noronha Nelson Matos de
Published: August 2020

Este texto foi elaborado em uma pesquisa destinada ao desenvolvimento de um estágio pós-doutoral. Nossa preocupação consiste em problematizar as restrições legais à inserção da filosofia no Ensino Médio e explorar as possibilidades da História da Filosofia como recurso didático e pedagógico. A partir de um texto de Benedito Nunes sobre a reflexão filosófica e o ensino de filosofia, tento mostrar que podemos encontrar nas publicações de Michel Foucault uma concepção de filosofia na qual o diagnóstico da atualidade se apresenta de maneira indissociável das atividades de pensar, ler, escrever e falar.
PERFORMA REKRUT KARANG HERMATIFIK PADA METODE FISH HOME DI TELUK PALU
Authors: Akbar Mohamad , Wahyudi Deddy
Published: August 2020

This study examines the coral reefs hermatifik Recruited naturally in concrete substrates (fish home), physical and chemical parameters of waters. Assessment the performance of the reef include health (survival), the growth of coral, coral functional groups as well as the identification of the types of reef fish recruited to the fish home. The research was conducted in the waters of the Palu bay, Mamboro Village North Palu district and Lero village, Sindue district Donggala, Central Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted July to September 2016. Data collection techniques using the method of the survey with random systematic data collection. Position and depth of fish home homogeneous. Visual observation of the census by direct observation using SCUBA at fish home that has been installed in the Water of Lero and Mamboro village. The research results showed the water conditions in the Lero and Mamboro is still good for the growth of coral recruitment. Composition recruit fish on the fish home consists of three groups of fish targets, indicator fish and other fish (major). The index value of diversity recruitment of fish (H ') in the waters of Lero and Mamboro is in the medium category, the index value fish recruits uniformity (E) is not uniform, and the dominance of index valuesrecruit fish (C) in a stable condition.
Development of Learning Packages to Strengthening Character Education in Civic Education for Vocational Students
Authors: Purbono Heri
Published: August 2020

Research and development is intended to produce products such as reinforcement learning packages in PPKn character education that includes teaching materials, teacher guides, and guides students eligible to use and can improve the quality of learning in an effective, efficient, and attractive. This development model Dick Carey on systemic and procedural. The procedure researched the development of these activities includes nine steps. Product validation test conducted by three experts. The experts of the course content, instructional design experts, and expert instructional media. The field trials in SMK Negeri PP Sembawa with the subjects involved are X class learners majoring second-semester plantation some 33 people and a teacher PPKn subjects. The results showed that the learning package is very feasible to use and very effective. Data were obtained: (1) the results of expert validation of the course content to the percentage of teaching materials (89%), teacher guides (90%), and guide students (90%), (2) the results of expert validation of instructional design for the percentage teaching materials (92%), teacher guides (97%), and guide students (92%), (3) the results of expert validation media the percentage of teaching materials (99%), teacher guides (98%), and guide students (98% ), (4) the results of individual testing for the percentage of teaching materials (89%), guides the students (91%), (5) the small group trial percentage of teaching materials (96%), guides the students (97%), (6 ) the results of field trials the percentage of instructional materials (93%), guide students (95%), and teacher guidance (98%) and from the assessment of 33 students, the results were very effective, namely 100% of students reached the KKM with excellent attitudes and skills.
Review of Practices to Integrate Aircraft Mass Properties Management and Development Processes
Authors: Paula Vera de , Rosa Maiara , Rozenfeld Henrique
Published: August 2020

The mass properties of aircraft directly influence their performance and costs, and are particularly subject to high uncertainties in the early phases of the development process. As aircraft systems become more detailed, their mass properties are iteratively updated. Those updates, in turn, may lead to rework on aircraft systems. To avoid excessive iterations, aircraft manufacturers employ the mass properties management (MPM) process during their development processes. However, even when this approach is adopted, the continuous cycle of increasing weight and redesigning aircraft structures represents a significant challenge, which may lead to the cancellation of programs. One of the causes of this problem is inefficient integration between MPM and the aircraft development process. We propose a concept to significantly enhance the integration between MPM and aircraft development processes, suggesting feasible practices to support its implementation. The research methodology combines a review of the literature, an exploratory case study, a three-year longitudinal case study, and verification by experts. The results describe a concept for integrating aircraft MPM and development, supported by 16 practices. They also include a characterization of the MPM process based on literature and practices, which lists 17 characteristics divided into four categories: Goals/Strategy, Activities/Information, Resources/Tools, and Organization/Roles and Responsibilities.
Vietnam
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: August 2020

The main purpose of the mission was to continue TA to assist with upgrading the compilation and dissemination of fiscal data and GFS in Vietnam in line with the international standard, the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 (GFSM 2014).
Italy
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: August 2020

Macroprudential oversight in Italy combines local elements with the European framework. At a local level, financial stability is a shared responsibility between Banca d’Italia (BdI), which is the national central bank and the prudential authority for banks and other financial institutions, the markets authority, Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa (CONSOB), the insurance supervisor, Istituto per la Vigilanza Sulle Assicurazioni (IVASS), and the pension funds supervisor, Commissione di Vigilanza sui Fondi Pensione (COVIP).2 Each authority exercises its responsibility within a combination of sectoral and activity boundaries and the BdI plays a leading role in surveillance and coordination. Within the European framework, the BdI is both the national competent authority and the designated authority for the macroprudential tools considered under the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and the Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD IV), which are implemented and activated following the processes described in these regulatory texts and the guidelines provided by the European Central Bank (ECB) – within the competences assigned to it by the SSM Regulation - and the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB). The ubiquitous role of the BdI on both fronts eases the challenges posed by the coexistence of these two frameworks.
Sweden
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: August 2020

At the request of the central bank of Sweden (the Riksbank), the Monetary and Capital Markets Department (MCM) provided technical assistance (TA) on central bank operations by means of a desk review of the proposed amendments suggested by the independent committee to the Swedish Riksbank Act, during the period February 2019 and June 2020. The desk review was led by Mr. Ashraf Khan, and conducted jointly with Mr. Asad Qureshi, Mr. Romain Veyrune, and Mr. Rudy Wytenburg. Additional input was also provided by Ms. Ioana Luca of the IMF’s Legal Department and colleagues from the IMF’s European Department, Sweden Team.
The purpose of the desk review was to provide advice to the Riksbank on key issues relating to central bank operations, with a particular focus on the central bank’s governance, independence, instruments, and internal organization. It should be noted that the review findings, comments, and recommendations in this report are not representative of views of the IMF or of its Executive Board and are intended for the purpose of contributing to the public discussion in Sweden in the context of the draft Riksbank Act. The comments are also not intended to be complete, nor represent a detailed legal review of the Act. Instead, as noted above, the comments reflect selected key issues from a central bank operations’ perspective.
United States
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: August 2020

Much of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) work was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown of the economy has led to a massive growth shock. Following the precipitous fall, risk asset prices have rebounded, and financial conditions eased. The vulnerability analysis has been updated and largely captures this shock. Recommendations on strengthening policy and institutional frameworks remain pertinent. The approach to financial regulation and supervision was risk-focused given the high degree of compliance against international standards assessed during the 2015 FSAP. 
Norway
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: August 2020

Norwegian banks and other financial institutions rely heavily on capital markets for liquidity and risk management. Liquidity conditions in the Norwegian financial sector are affected by central bank operations and the lending and funding activities of financial institutions, both domestically and abroad. Nearly 40 percent of the funding of Norwegian banks is obtained from market sources, using commercial paper, covered bonds, and senior unsecured bonds issued both domestically and abroad. Correspondingly, money markets, foreign exchange (FX) swap markets and bond markets are crucial to the credit intermediation process and a dislocation in these markets—the inability of financial institutions to roll over, or obtain new, funding—could have significant consequences for financial stability. Against this background, this note analyzes core funding markets for Norwegian banks and assesses Norges Bank’s capacity to manage systemic liquidity conditions and counteract liquidity shocks in normal times and in times of stress.
Rate coefficients for reactions of OH with aromatic and aliphatic volatile organic compounds determined by the multivariate relative rate technique
Authors: Shaw Jacob T. , Rickard Andrew R. , Newland Mike J. , Dillon Terry J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The multivariate relative rate method was applied to a
range of volatile organic compound (VOC) reactions with OH. This previously
published method (Shaw et al., 2018) was improved to increase the
sensitivity towards more slowly reacting VOCs, broadening the range of compounds
which can be examined. A total of 35 room temperature relative rate
coefficients were determined, eight of which have not previously been
reported. Five of the new reaction rate coefficients were for large alkyl
substituted mono-aromatic species recently identified in urban air masses,
likely with large ozone production potentials. The new results (with
kOH (296 K) values in units of 10−12 cm3 molec.−1 s−1) were n-butylbenzene, 11 (±4); n-pentylbenzene, 7 (±2); 1,2-diethylbenzene, 14 (±4); 1,3-diethylbenzene, 22 (±4);
and 1,4-diethylbenzene, 16 (±4). Interestingly, whilst results for
smaller VOCs agreed well with available structure–activity relationship (SAR)
calculations, the larger alkyl benzenes were found to be less reactive than
the SAR prediction, indicating that our understanding of the oxidation
chemistry of these compounds is still limited. kOH (296 K) rate
coefficients (in units of 10−12 cm3 molec.−1 s−1) for
reactions of three large alkanes with OH were also determined for the first
time: 2-methylheptane, 9.1 (±0.3); 2-methylnonane, 11.0 (±0.3);
and ethylcyclohexane, 14.4 (±0.3), all in reasonable agreement with
SAR predictions. Rate coefficients for the 27 previously studied
OH + VOC reactions agreed well with available literature values, lending
confidence to the application of this method for the rapid and efficient
simultaneous study of gas-phase reaction kinetics.
Testing the Electrodynamic Method to Derive Height-Integrated Ionospheric Conductances
Authors: Weimer Daniel , Edwards Thom
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We have used empirical models for electric potentials and the magnetic fields in both space and on the ground to obtain maps of the height-integrated Pedersen and Hall ionospheric conductivities at high latitudes. This calculation required use of both "curl-free" and "divergence-free" components of the ionospheric currents, with the former obtained from magnetic fields that are used in a model of the field-aligned currents. The second component is from the equivalent current, usually associated with Hall currents, derived from the ground-level magnetic field. Conductances were calculated for varying combinations of the Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) magnitude and orientation angle, as well as the dipole tilt angle. The results show that reversing the sign of the Y component of the IMF produces substantially different conductivity patterns. The Hall conductivities are largest on the dawn side in the upward, Region 2 field-aligned currents. Low electric field strengths in the Harang discontinuity lead to inconclusive results near midnight. Calculations of the Joule heating, obtained from the electric field and both components of the ionospheric current, are compared with the Poynting flux in space. The maps show some differences, while their integrated totals match to within 1 %. Some of the Poynting flux that enters the polar cap is dissipated as Joule heating within the auroral ovals, where the conductivity is greater.
Effects of land use and water quality on greenhouse gas emissions from an urban river system
Authors: Ho Long , Jerves-Cobo Ruben , Barthel Matti , Six Johan , Bode Samuel , Boeckx Pascal , Goethals Peter
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Rivers act as a natural source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that can be released from the metabolisms of aquatic organisms. Anthropogenic activities can largely alter the chemical composition and microbial communities of rivers, consequently affecting their GHG emissions. To investigate these impacts, we assessed the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from Cuenca urban river system (Ecuador). High variation of the emissions was found among river tributaries that mainly depended on water quality and neighboring landscapes. By using Prati and Oregon Indexes, a clear pattern was observed between water quality and GHG emissions in which the more polluted the sites were, the higher were their emissions. When river water quality deteriorated from acceptable to very heavily polluted, their global warming potential (GWP) increased by ten times. Compared to the average estimated emissions from global streams, rivers with polluted water released almost double the estimated GWP while the proportion increased to ten times for very heavily polluted rivers. Conversely, the GWP of good-water-quality rivers was half of the estimated GWP. Furthermore, surrounding land-use types, i.e. urban, roads, and agriculture, significantly affected the river emissions. The GWP of the sites close to urban areas was four time higher than the GWP of the nature sites while this proportion for the sites close to roads or agricultural areas was triple and double, respectively. Lastly, by applying random forests, we identified dissolved oxygen, ammonium, and flow characteristics as the main important factors to the emissions. Conversely, low impact of organic matter and nitrate concentration suggested a higher role of nitrification than denitrification in producing N2O. These results highlighted the impacts of land-use types on the river emissions via water contamination by sewage discharges and surface runoff. Hence, to estimate of the emissions from global streams, both their quantity and water quality should be included.
Elevated CO2, increased leaf-level productivity, and water-use efficiency during the early Miocene
Authors: Reichgelt Tammo , D'Andrea William J. , Valdivia-McCarthy Ailín del C. , Fox Bethany R. S. , Bannister Jennifer M. , Conran John G. , Lee William G. , Lee Daphne E.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase global
temperatures, plant water-use efficiency, and carbon storage in the
terrestrial biosphere. A CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial
vegetation is predicted to cause global greening as the potential ecospace
for forests expands. However, leaf-level fertilization effects, such as
increased productivity and water-use efficiency, have not been documented
from fossil leaves in periods of heightened atmospheric CO2. Here, we
use leaf gas-exchange modeling on a well-preserved fossil flora from early
Miocene New Zealand, as well as two previously published tropical floras
from the same time period, to reconstruct atmospheric CO2, leaf-level
productivity, and intrinsic water-use efficiency. Leaf gas-exchange rates
reconstructed from early Miocene fossils, which grew at southern temperate
and tropical latitudes when global average temperatures were
5–6 ∘C higher than today, reveal that atmospheric CO2 was
∼450–550 ppm. Early Miocene CO2 was similar to
projected values for 2040 CE and is consistent with an Earth system sensitivity
of 3–7 ∘C to a doubling of CO2. The Southern Hemisphere
temperate leaves had higher reconstructed productivity than modern analogs,
likely due to a longer growing season. This higher productivity was
presumably mirrored at northern temperate latitudes as well, where a greater
availability of landmass would have led to increased carbon storage in
forest biomass relative to today. Intrinsic water-use efficiency of both
temperate and tropical forest trees was high, toward the upper limit of the
range for modern trees, which likely expanded the habitable range in regions
that could not support forests with high moisture demands under lower
atmospheric CO2. Overall, early Miocene elevated atmospheric CO2
sustained globally higher temperatures, and our results provide the first
empirical evidence of concomitant enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency,
indicating a forest fertilization effect.
ESD Ideas: Global climate response scenarios for IPCC assessments
Authors: Sutton Rowan T. , Hawkins Ed
Published: August 2020

Abstract. IPCC Working Group I has long employed socioeconomic scenarios, based on discrete storylines, to sample the uncertainty in future forcing of the climate system, but analogous scenarios to sample the uncertainty in the
global climate response have not been employed. Here, we argue that to enable
development of robust climate policies this gap should be addressed, and we
propose a simple methodology.
An offline framework for high-dimensional ensemble Kalman filters to reduce the time to solution
Authors: Zheng Yongjun , Albergel Clément , Munier Simon , Bonan Bertrand , Calvet Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The high computational resources and the time-consuming IO (input/output) are major issues in offline ensemble-based high-dimensional data assimilation systems. Bearing these in mind, this study proposes a sophisticated dynamically running job scheme as well as an innovative parallel IO algorithm to reduce the time to solution of an offline framework for high-dimensional ensemble Kalman filters. The dynamically running job scheme runs as many tasks as possible within a single job to reduce the queuing time and minimize the overhead of starting and/or ending a job. The parallel IO algorithm reads or writes non-overlapping segments of multiple files with an identical structure to reduce the IO times by minimizing the IO competitions and maximizing the overlapping of the MPI (Message Passing Interface) communications with the IO operations. Results based on sensitive experiments show that the proposed parallel IO algorithm can significantly reduce the IO times and have a very good scalability, too. Based on these two advanced techniques, the offline and online modes of ensemble Kalman filters are built based on PDAF (Parallel Data Assimilation Framework) to comprehensively assess their efficiencies. It can be seen from the comparisons between the offline and online modes that the IO time only accounts for a small fraction of the total time with the proposed parallel IO algorithm. The queuing time might be less than the running time in a low-loaded supercomputer such as in an operational context, but the offline mode can be nearly as fast as, if not faster than, the online mode in terms of time to solution. However, the queuing time is dominant and several times larger than the running time in a high-loaded supercomputer. Thus, the offline mode is substantially faster than the online mode in terms of time to solution, especially for large-scale assimilation problems. From this point of view, results suggest that an offline ensemble Kalman filter with an efficient implementation and a high-performance parallel file system should be preferred over its online counterpart for intermittent data assimilation in many situations.
Limitations of WRF land surface models for simulating land use and land cover
change in Sub-Saharan Africa and development of an improved model (CLM-AF v.
1.0)
Authors: Glotfelty Timothy , Ramírez-Mejía Diana , Bowden Jared , Ghilardi Adrián , West J. Jason
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Land use and land cover change (LULCC) impacts local and regional climates through various biogeophysical processes. Accurate representation of land surface parameters in land surface models (LSMs) is essential to accurately predict these LULCC-induced climate signals. In this work, we test the applicability of the default Noah, Noah-MP, and CLM LSMs in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) over Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that the default WRF LSMs do not accurately represent surface albedo, leaf area index, and surface roughness in this region due to various flawed assumptions, including the treatment of the MODIS woody savanna LULC category as closed shrubland. Consequently, we developed a WRF CLM version with more accurate African land surface parameters (CLM-AF), designed such that it can be used to evaluate the influence of LULCC. We evaluate meteorological performance for the default LSMs and CLM-AF against observational datasets, gridded products, and satellite estimates. Further, we conduct LULCC experiments with each LSM to determine if differences in land surface parameters impact the LULCC-induced climate signals. Despite clear deficiencies in surface parameters, all LSMs reasonably capture the spatial pattern and magnitude of near surface temperature and precipitation. However in the LULCC experiments, inaccuracies in the default LSMs result in illogical localized temperature and precipitation climate signals. Differences in thermal climate signals between Noah-MP and CLM-AF indicate that the temperature impacts from LULCC are dependent on the sensitivity of evapotranspiration to LULCC in Sub-Saharan Africa. Errors in land surface parameters indicate that the default WRF LSMs considered are not suitable for LULCC experiments in tropical or Southern Hemisphere regions, and that proficient meteorological model performance can mask these issues. We find CLM-AF to be suitable for use in Sub-Saharan Africa LULCC studies, but more work is needed by the WRF community to improve its applicability to other tropical and Southern Hemisphere climates.
Using Personality-Based Propensity as a Guide for Teaching Practice
Authors: Agler Lin-Miao L. , Stricklin Kelley , Alfsen Larisa K.
Published: August 2020

The Big Five-Factor personality traits are examined in the present review. Individual characteristics and personality types may contribute differently to choices of learning strategies and overall cognitive performance. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to provide a brief overview of consistent research findings on personality constructs as predictors of school-related factors, including academic ability, reading and math skills, metacognitive assessments, self-regulatory learning and processing strategies, and students’ confidence; and (2) to highlight the applicable value of using personality-related propensities to guide teachers in the classroom. Inter-relationships among personality, cognition, metacognition, self-regulation, and learning outcomes are addressed. More importantly, in the end of the paper, practical teaching and learning applications are discussed and summarized in a table. The table is organized to highlight each personality trait, its significance based on research evidence, and its educational implications for specific teaching methods and strategies teachers can use to draw strengths from each personality trait and to maximize learning in the classroom.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) Related to Calculator-Based Laboratory and Contextual Factors Influencing Their TPCK
Authors: Karabuz Ozge , Ogan-Bekiroglu Feral
Published: August 2020

The purposes of this study were to determine pre-service physics teachers’ TPCK related to Calculator-Based Laboratory and to examine influences of some contextual factors on their TPCK. This research was based on the transformative model of TPCK that conceptualizes TPCK as a unique body of knowledge. Multiple case study design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were implemented to collect data. Correlations between TPCK and contextual factors were calculated to seek statistical relationships. The participants of the study were senior pre-service physics teachers. Their knowledge, ability, and practice of TPCK were measured by using various methods including observations, lesson plans, and interviews. More data were collected associated with the participants teaching philosophies and their attitudes towards CBL technology by using individual interviews, reflective journals, and surveys to focus on context related factors. Results of this study conclude that pre-service physics teachers can reflect CBL technology integration skills into their practices more successfully than to their lesson plans. They can behave like an expert while using CBL technology in their teaching. In addition, pre-service physics teachers have high level TPCK related to CBL; hence, they have tendency to use CBL technology as a learning tool and have a coherent knowledge about this technology, pedagogy and content. This study also concludes that instructional philosophy and awareness of CBL technology usage have significant impacts on their TPCK related to CBL. Having student-centered instructional philosophy and awareness of the specific technology integrated into instruction would contribute performing sophisticated TPCK.
The Canary in the Mine: Remote Learning in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Coker David
Published: August 2020

National organizations in the United States issued policy proposals for returning to school during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative review, using the constant comparison model, examined six policies from different organizations. The policies operate on the notion of a progressive curriculum, with the values of equity, access, and adaptations driving the planning process. There are five variables national policies utilize to operationalize the progressive curriculum and values: organizing, staffing, scheduling, envisioning, and vulnerabilities. A case study using an individual school district examined the impact on learning within the framework of the policies. Recommendations to improve online and remote learning follow.
The Influence of Smart Tourism on Tourist Experience Toward Travel Intention and Satisfaction: Evidence from China
Authors: CHEN Chen
Published: August 2020

This study is inspired by the rapid spread of smart tourism product/service involved in travel experiences, which has dramatically changed tourist behavioral and has stimulated tourist satisfaction with tourism destination. The aim of this study is to investigate the interrelationship among the tourist experience, tourist perceived value, tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention in regard to smart tourism products and services. Quantitative research method applies for the empirical tests. The results have significant emphasized the importance of smart tourism product/service in improving destination competitive.
Long-lasting Challenge With Public School Evaluation Policy in Georgia
Authors: Kordzadze Maka
Published: August 2020

The aspiration of Georgia to become the EU member supported introduction of European guiding principles and systems in education policy, including, the systems of education quality assurance in the country. In 2005 – 2011, the evaluation mechanisms of educational institutions of all three levels – high, vocational and general educational institutions got gradually activated. However, evaluation of quality of only private general educational institutions started. As for public schools, the process got postponed four times. The last one is reported by 2026-2027. Almost 90 % of pupils in Georgia studies at public schools, therefore, it can be stated that, overall, the quality evaluation policy of schools in the country is facing serious challenges, which cannot be solved yet. The article discusses those problems of the policy of school quality evaluation, which prevent starting of evaluating public schools and relevant ways of solving them are offered.        
Valuation de uma spin-off brasileira de cloud computing voltada para o mercado de pequenas e médias empresas
Authors: Carrete Liliam Sanchez , Krakauer Decio , Marques Jane Aparecida
Published: August 2020

Objetivo do Trabalho: O presente estudo tem como objetivo estudar a estratégia de realização de valuation de empresas de tecnologia, em especial de uma spin-off brasileira de cloud computing voltada para o mercado de pequenas e médias empresas, de forma a orientar os empreendedores desse setor para as fases de negociação de participação para captação de recursos para investidor Venture Capital com a finalidade de expansão ou saída do negócio.Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma spin-off específica, com foco em soluções de software de gestão empresarial para pequenas e médias empresas.Originalidade: O mercado de cloud computing cresceu, no Brasil, 47% em 2016, o que indica um grande potencial para novas empresas focadas nesse segmento. Dessa forma, passa a ser relevante o estudo de estratégias de crescimento, de expansão ou de vendas dessas empresas.Principais Resultados: A aplicação dos resultados obtidos  com o estudo pode ser útil para nortear estratégias de captação de recursos com fins de expansão dessas empresas de cloud computing através da sua avaliação tanto para futuros empreendedores quanto para investidores.Contribuições Teóricas: A aplicação de um método de valuation de uma spin-off de uma empresa que atua no segmento de cloud computing para captação de recursos de investidores Venture Capital representa uma contribuição tanto para empreendedores quanto para investidores.
A contribuição de Donald C. Hambrick para a teoria do alto escalão – um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Teixeira José Eduardo Valladares
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Investigar o impacto das contribuições de Donald. C. Hambrick para a Teoria do Alto Escalão (Upper Echelon Theory - UET).Abordagem: Estudo bibliométrico de citações e cocitações dos artigos que referenciam pesquisas publicadas por Donald C. Hambrick sobre o tema UET.Resultados: Com este estudo, confirmou-se a relevância dos artigos publicados por Hambrick sobre a UET ao longo do tempo, a associação da UET a diferentes correntes teóricas no campo da Administração e identificaram-se frentes de pesquisa atuais sobre o tema.Limitações da pesquisa: A pesquisa de citações da obra de Hambrick sobre UET foi limitada aos artigos por ele publicados em revistas acadêmicas revisadas por pares, o que eliminou da busca parte de sua produção sobre o tema. As citações aos artigos de Hambrick sobre UET foram obtidas, exclusivamente, na base ISI Web of Knowledge, que utiliza critérios declaradamente seletivos para a escolha de publicações nela indexadas.Implicações práticas: A pesquisa identifica oportunidades de investigação adicional em temas associados à Teoria do Alto Escalão e para sua aplicação e análise em novos contextos.Originalidade/Valor: Este é o primeiro estudo bibliométrico conhecido que compreende a análise de todos os artigos de Hambrick sobre a UET.
Há influência de características do Top Management Team na estrutura de capital das empresas financeiras?
Authors: Michelon Paula De Souza , Lunkes Rogério João , Bornia Antonio Cezar
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre as características do Top Management Team e a estrutura de capital das empresas financeiras.Originalidade: a Teoria dos Escalões Superiores (TES) preconiza que os valores, as experiências e as personalidades do Top Management Team influenciam nas escolhas estratégicas das empresas. Deste modo, espera-se que diferentes equipes de gestores escolham estruturas de capital que melhor atendam às necessidades de diferentes estratégias.Método: Foram testadas hipóteses de modelos teóricos por meio de regressão linear e linear múltipla. A amostra foi composta por 95 companhias financeiras listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão em julho de 2019. Os fatores analisados foram: Idade média do TMT, Nível educacional médio do TMT, Tempo médio no cargo do TMT e Nível de capital de terceiros da empresa.Resultados: A idade média do TMT foi aquela que apresentou relação significativa positiva com o nível de capital de terceiros da empresa. As variáveis tempo médio no cargo e nível médio educacional do TMT apresentaram relação negativa com o endividamento das empresas, mas sem forte significância estatística.Contribuições: Esta pesquisa contribui para a estratégia das empresas na composição de suas equipes de gestão, uma vez que estão relacionadas com o desempenho das organizações. Do ponto de vista teórico, é capaz de ratificar os pressupostos da Teoria dos Escalões Superiores.
Proposição de um instrumento de mensuração do desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas
Authors: Zaluski Felipe Cavalheiro , Sausen Jorge Oneide , Ferreira Gloria Charão
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: este estudo objetiva construir e validar uma escala de mensuração dos elementos componentes e dos mecanismos organizacionais de desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas (CD) em organizações.Método: a metodologia da pesquisa baseou-se na abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, com coleta de dados bibliográfica e por meio de e-survey em 137 organizações do Sul do Brasil. A validação da escala foi realizada pela modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE) com o software SmartPLS 3.2.8.Originalidade/Relevância: ainda que existam esforços no  desenvolvimento de escalas sobre CD, há uma lacuna teórica quanto à criação de escalas e instrumentos de medição, uma vez que tais capacidades estão ligadas aos processos internos das organizações. Diante disso, este estudo se mostra relevante ao se direcionar à proposição e validação de uma escala baseada no desenvolvimento das CD que possibilite novas investigações empíricas e discussões teóricas.Resultados: a escala final proposta para mensuração dos elementos componentes e dos mecanismos organizacionais de desenvolvimento de CD apresentou três dimensões e vinte indicadores. Os achados demonstram que a articulação dos indicadores dos elementos componentes e dos mecanismos de desenvolvimento das capacidades dinâmicas resulta em uma escala que pondera vários aspectos relacionados à existência do desenvolvimento de CD em organizações.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: esta pesquisa proporciona um recurso acadêmico para a utilização da escala proposta em futuras pesquisas e amplia a possibilidade de desenvolvimento da temática das capacidades dinâmicas nos estudos organizacionais.