bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflection and Evolution of Torsional Alfvén Pulses in Zero-beta Flux Tubes
Authors: Scalisi Joseph , Ruderman Michael S. , Erdélyi Robertus
Published: November 2021

We model the behavior of a torsional Alfvén pulse, assumed to propagate through the chromosphere. Building on our existing model, we utilize the zero-beta approximation appropriate for plasma in an intense magnetic flux tube, e.g., a magnetic bright point. The model is adapted to investigate the connection between these features and chromospheric spicules. A pulse is introduced at the lower, photospheric boundary of the tube as a magnetic shear perturbation, and the resulting propagating Alfvén waves are reflected from an upper boundary, representing the change in density found at the transition region. The induced upward mass flux is followed by the reversal of the flux that may be identified with the rising and falling behavior of certain lower solar atmospheric jets. The ratio of the transmitted and reflected mass flux is estimated and compared with the relative total mass of spicules and the solar wind. An example is used to study the properties of the pulse. We also find that the interaction between the initial and reflected waves may create a localized flow that persists independently from the pulse itself.
Comprehensive Analysis of a Dense Sample of FRB 121102 Bursts
Authors: Aggarwal Kshitij , Agarwal Devansh , Lewis Evan F. , Anna-Thomas Reshma , Tremblay Jacob Cardinal , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , McLaughlin Maura A. , Lorimer Duncan R.
Published: November 2021

We present an analysis of a densely repeating sample of bursts from the first repeating fast radio burst, FRB 121102. We reanalyzed the data used by Gourdji et al. and detected 93 additional bursts using our single-pulse search pipeline. In total, we detected 133 bursts in three hours of data at a center frequency of 1.4 GHz using the Arecibo telescope, and develop robust modeling strategies to constrain the spectro-temporal properties of all of the bursts in the sample. Most of the burst profiles show a scattering tail, and burst spectra are well modeled by a Gaussian with a median width of 230 MHz. We find a lack of emission below 1300 MHz, consistent with previous studies of FRB 121102. We also find that the peak of the log-normal distribution of wait times decreases from 207 to 75 s using our larger sample of bursts, as compared to that of Gourdji et al. Our observations do not favor either Poissonian or Weibull distributions for the burst rate distribution. We searched for periodicity in the bursts using multiple techniques, but did not detect any significant period. The cumulative burst energy distribution exhibits a broken power-law shape, with the lower- and higher-energy slopes of −0.4 ± 0.1 and −1.8 ± 0.2, with the break at (2.3 ± 0.2) × 1037 erg. We provide our burst fitting routines as a Python package burstfit
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https://github.com/thepetabyteproject/burstfit

that can be used to model the spectrogram of any complex fast radio burst or pulsar pulse using robust fitting techniques. All of the other analysis scripts and results are publicly available.
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https://github.com/thepetabyteproject/FRB121102
Simultaneous ALMA–Hinode–IRIS Observations on Footpoint Signatures of a Soft X-Ray Loop-like Microflare
Authors: Shimizu Toshifumi , Shimojo Masumi , Abe Masashi
Published: November 2021

Microflares have been considered to be among the major energy input sources to form active solar corona. To investigate the response of the low atmosphere to events, we conducted an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observation at 3 mm, coordinated with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Hinode observations, on 2017 March 19. During the observations, a soft X-ray loop-type microflare (active region transient brightening) was captured using the Hinode X-ray telescope in high temporal cadence. A brightening loop footpoint is located within narrow fields of view of ALMA, IRIS slit-jaw imager, and Hinode spectropolarimeter. Counterparts of the microflare at the footpoint were detected in Si iv and ALMA images, while the counterparts were less apparent in C ii and Mg ii
k images. Their impulsive time profiles exhibit the Neupert effect pertaining to soft X-ray intensity evolution. The magnitude of thermal energy measured using ALMA was approximately 100 times smaller than that measured in the corona. These results suggest that impulsive counterparts can be detected in the transition region and upper chromosphere, where the plasma is thermally heated via impinging nonthermal particles. Our energy evaluation indicates a deficit of accelerated particles that impinge the footpoints for a small class of soft X-ray microflares. The footpoint counterparts consist of several brightening kernels, all of which are located in weak (void) magnetic areas formed in patchy distribution of strong magnetic flux at the photospheric level. The kernels provide a conceptual image in which the transient energy release occurs at multiple locations on the sheaths of magnetic flux bundles in the corona.
Distribution of GC-rich heterochromatin and ribosomal genes in three fungus-farming ants (Myrmicinae, Attini, Attina): insights on chromosomal evolution
Authors: Amaro Teixeira Gisele , Antônia Campos Barros Luísa , Jeferson Alves Cardoso de Aguiar Hilton , Meneses Lopes Denilce
Published: November 2021

Cytogenetic studies on fungus-farming ants have shown remarkable karyotype diversity, suggesting different chromosomal rearrangements involved in karyotype evolution in some genera. A notable cytogenetic characteristic in this ant group is the presence of GC-rich heterochromatin in the karyotypes of some ancient and derivative species. It was hypothesized that this GC-rich heterochromatin may have a common origin in fungus-farming ants, and the increase in species studied is important for understanding this question. In addition, many genera within the subtribe Attina have few or no cytogenetically studied species; therefore, the processes that shaped their chromosomal evolution remain obscure. Thus, in this study, we karyotyped, through classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques, the fungus-farming ants Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery, 1894, Sericomyrmex maravalhas Ješovnik et Schultz, 2017, and Mycetomoellerius relictus (Borgmeier, 1934), to provide insights into the chromosomal evolution in these genera and to investigate the presence the GC-rich heterochromatin in these species. Cyphomyrmex transversus (2n = 18, 10m + 2sm + 6a) and S. maravalhas (2n = 48, 28m + 20sm) showed karyotypes distinct from other species from their genera. Mycetomoellerius relictus (2n = 20, 20m) presented the same karyotype as the colonies previously studied. Notably, C. transversus presented the lowest chromosomal number for the genus and a distinct karyotype from the other two previously observed for this species, showing the existence of a possible species complex and the need for its taxonomic revision. Chromosomal banding data revealed GC-rich heterochromatin in all three species, which increased the number of genera with this characteristic, supporting the hypothesis of a common origin of GC-rich heterochromatin in Attina. Although a single chromosomal pair carries rDNA genes in all studied species, the positions of these rDNA clusters varied. The rDNA genes were located in the intrachromosomal region in C. transversus and M. relictus, and in the terminal region of S. maravalhas. The combination of our molecular cytogenetic data and observations from previous studies corroborates that a single rDNA site located in the intrachromosomal region is a plesiomorphic condition in Attina. In addition, cytogenetic data obtained suggest centric fission events in Sericomyrmex Mayr, 1865, and the occurrence of inversions as the origin of the location of the ribosomal genes in M. relictus and S. maravalhas. This study provides new insights into the chromosomal evolution of fungus-farming ants.
Les turbulences du Brexit :
Authors: Berny Nathalie , Gravey Viviane , Thomas Anja
Published: November 2021

Cinq ans après le Référendum de juin 2016, la sortie du Royaume-Uni de l’Union Européenne a bien eu lieu, mais le Brexit n’est pas pour autant terminé. Ce constat réunit les contributions de ce dossier thématique. Le large éventail de perspectives mobilisées ici, des études parlementaires à l’analyse des politiques publique, est utile pour revisiter les enjeux de la légitimité démocratique par la gouvernance et l’action publique. Cette introduction vise à présenter ces différentes contributions et leur valeur ajoutée vis-à-vis d’une littérature académique désormais prolifique sur le Brexit, à partir d’un cadre conceptuel destiné à recentrer le propos sur des dimensions encore trop souvent négligées. Il s’agit d’une part de considérer le Brexit comme un processus politique et institutionnel marqué par la turbulence, organisationnelle, environnementale et d’échelle. Les conséquences de ce processus en termes de légitimité de l’action publique britannique sont questionnées à travers les catégories d’analyse de Vivien Schmidt. Les articles montrent comment la décision historique de sortir de l’UE a déstabilisé acteurs et institutions, les obligeant à réajuster, avec plus ou moins de succès, leurs discours, leurs priorités et leurs modes d’action. Une relative stabilité par rapport à la période pré-Brexit marque finalement les arrangements qui l’ont provisoirement emporté.
Le fonctionnement du parlement de Westminster entre juin 2017 et décembre 2019 :
Authors: Antoine Aurélien
Published: November 2021

Après un référendum qui a fracturé le Royaume-Uni, c’est au parlement de Westminster que se sont cristallisées les divisions sur le Brexit. La configuration du parlement entre juin 2017 et novembre 2019 a entraîné une opposition entre le parlement et le gouvernement alors que le fonctionnement du système institutionnel se caractérise, en temps normal, par la complète fusion entre les deux organes. La séquence étudiée est un terrain propice pour envisager, sous l’angle du droit constitutionnel britannique et dans une perspective chronologique, la capacité du parlement à s’affirmer comme contre-pouvoir face à un exécutif affaibli. Toutefois, son incapacité à trouver une alternative aux choix des deux gouvernements qui se sont succédé a entraîné un blocage provoquant finalement un retour devant les électeurs, favorable à la restauration de la logique parlementaire.
À plus de 50 ans, la ménagère fait sa mise à jour numérique
Authors: Sonet Virginie , Boudon Héloïse
Published: November 2021

Alors que les chaînes de télévision cherchent à rajeunir leurs audiences en tentant de trouver grâce aux yeux des Digital Natives , cet article cherche à comprendre si, et comment, ceux que nous avons baptisés les Analogic Natives reconfiguraient leurs pratiques télévisuelles. À l’appui de l’analyse croisée de trois enquêtes menées entre 2015 et 2019 auprès de ces publics, avec les outils de la sociologie des usages, nous montrons la progressive mais indéniable mutation de leurs pratiques audiovisuelles. Le processus d’appropriation repose sur une double médiation relationnelle et sociotechnique d’où ressortent comme pivots la force prescriptrice des relations avec les enfants-adultes, la transmission intrafamiliale et intragénérationnelle assurée par les femmes. Finalement, la consolidation des usages des nouveaux dispositifs audiovisuels et de leurs contenus soutient une forme de dénigrement de la télévision traditionnelle et réciproquement.
Les fantômes d’une Assemblée décimée. Commémorer et réparer
Authors: Biard Michel
Published: November 2021

Après Thermidor, la Convention se retrouve face à la question de sa responsabilité dans les violences répressives. Contrairement à une idée reçue, elle ne met pas fin au gouvernement révolutionnaire, mais invente un prétendu « système de terreur » imputé à Robespierre et ses « complices », transformant ainsi la Terreur en une sorte d’entité autonome séparée du gouvernement révolutionnaire. Ce tour de passe-passe politique s’accompagne de trois questions décisives : comment réintégrer les représentants du peuple proscrits encore incarcérés ou en fuite ? comment rendre hommage à ceux qui sont morts et transformés en « martyrs » ? quelles réparations accorder aux familles de ces derniers ? Dans les trois cas, des tris sont opérés, moyennant des choix politiques qui n’ont rien d’innocent.
The Willingness to Pay for Social Insurance
Authors: Merouani Walid , Lassassi Moundir
Published: November 2021

Many authors agree that extending social security to all working people is essential to ensure the wellbeing and respect of human rights in society. Without denying the importance of previous studies, we believe that without understanding workers’ preferences, and their willingness to participate and to pay for social insurance, it will be difficult for policy makers to launch successful reforms and extend social security to all. This article aims to study these preferences in Algeria, by using a survey conducted by the Applied Economics for Development Research Center (CREAD) and a valuation contingent method. We highlight the socio-economic predictors of the willingness to pay for social insurance with results that have practical meaning for policy framework.
Raymond Decary, « administrateur d’abord, naturaliste ensuite »
Authors: Gendreau Pascal
Published: November 2021

La politique coloniale de la France évolue progressivement, de la Première Guerre mondiale à la Libération, de la « mise en valeur » vers ce qu’on appellera le « développement ». Raymond Decary est, à Madagascar, un des acteurs de ce mouvement. Administrateur colonial et en même temps naturaliste, ethnologue, puis administrateur de la science à Madagascar, sa double identité en fait un fonctionnaire singulier, qui, servant sous des régimes politiques très contrastés de 1916 à 1944, anticipe ou accompagne les évolutions de long terme.
Crystalline flow starting from a general polygon
Authors: Giga Mi-Ho , Giga Yoshikazu , Kuroda Ryo , Ochiai Yusuke
Published: November 2021

This paper solves a singular initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations describing a polygonal flow called a crystalline flow. Such a problem corresponds to a crystalline flow starting from a general polygon not necessarily admissible in the sense that the corresponding initial value problem is singular. To solve the problem, a self-similar expanding solution constructed by the first two authors with H. Hontani (2006) is effectively used.
Liouville-type theorem for high order degenerate Lane-Emden system
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Liu Ting
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we are concerned with the following high order degenerate elliptic system:

\begin{document}$\left\{ \begin{align} & {{(-A)}^{m}}u={{v}^{p}} \\ & {{(-A)}^{m}}v={{u}^{q}}\quad \text{ in }\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}:=\left\{ (x,y)|x\in {{\mathbb{R}}^{n}},y>0 \right\}, \\ & u\ge 0,v\ge 0 \\ \end{align} \right.\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \left( 1 \right)$\end{document}

where the operator \begin{document}$ A: = y\partial_{y}^2+a\partial_{y}+\Delta_{x}, \;a\geq 1 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ n+2a>2m, m\in \mathbb{Z}^+,\;p,\,q\geq 1 $\end{document}. We prove the non-existence of positive smooth solutions for \begin{document}$ 1
, and classify positive solutions for \begin{document}$ p = q = \frac{n+2a+2m}{n+2a-2m} $\end{document}. For \begin{document}$ \frac{1}{p+1}+\frac{1}{q+1}>\frac{n+2a-2m}{n+2a} $\end{document}, we show the non-existence of positive, ellipse-radial, smooth solutions. Moreover we prove the non-existence of positive smooth solutions for the high order degenerate elliptic system of inequalities \begin{document}$ (-A)^{m}u\geq v^p, (-A)^{m}v\geq u^q, u\geq 0, v\geq 0, $\end{document} in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}_+^{n+1} $\end{document} for either \begin{document}$ (n+2a-2m)q<\frac{n+2a}{p}+2m $\end{document} or \begin{document}$ (n+2a-2m)p<\frac{n+2a}{q}+2m $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ p,q>1 $\end{document}.
Tempered fractional order compartment models and applications in biology
Authors: Wang Yejuan , Zhang Lijuan , Yuan Yuan
Published: November 2021

Compartment models with classical derivatives have diverse applications and attracted a lot of interest among scientists. To model the dynamical behavior of the particles that existed in the system for a long period of time with little chance to be removed, a power-law waiting time technique was introduced in the most recent work of Angstmann et al. [2]. The divergent first moment makes the power-law waiting time distribution less physical because of the finite lifespan of the particles. In this work, we take the tempered power-law function as the waiting time distribution, which has finite first moment while keeping the power-law properties. From the underlying physical stochastic process with the exponentially truncated power-law waiting time distribution, we build the tempered fractional compartment model. As an application, the tempered fractional SEIR epidemic model is proposed to simulate the real data of confirmed cases of pandemic AH1N1/09 influenza from Bogotá D.C. (Colombia). Some analysis and numerical simulations are carried out around the equilibrium behavior.
Nonstationary homoclinic orbit for an infinite-dimensional fractional reaction-diffusion system
Authors: Chen Peng , Mei Linfeng , Tang Xianhua
Published: November 2021

This paper study nonstationary homoclinic-type solutions for a fractional reaction-diffusion system with asymptotically linear and local super linear nonlinearity. The resulting problem engages two major difficulties: one is that the associated functional is strongly indefinite, the second lies in verifying the link geometry and showing the boundedness of Cerami sequences when the nonlinearity is not super quadratic at infinity globally. These enable us to develop a direct approach and new tricks to overcome the difficulties. We establish the existence of homoclinic orbit under some weak assumptions on nonlinearity.
The optimal product-line design and incentive mechanism in a supply chain with customer environmental awareness
Authors: Li Zhi-tang , Zhang Cui-hua , Kong Wei , Lyu Ru-xia
Published: November 2021

Due to the increasing awareness of sustainable development, the manufacturer's product-line design gets wide attention. Nowadays, the traditional manufacturer that produces non-green products is considering whether to introduce upgraded green products. This paper studies the manufacturer's optimal product-line design considering the quality difference between non-green and green products. Besides, our model also investigates the difference in unit production cost, green research and development (R&D) investment, and market segmentation. The results show that, from the manufacturer's perspective, producing green products is a better choice when non-green products are of low quality. In addition, the retailer is always inclined to sell green products. Further, the consumers' preference for non-green and green products is divided. And the consumer surplus under different product-line designs is analysed. Finally, two contracts are proposed and compared to encourage the manufacturer to produce green products.
Sharp bounds on the minimum $M$-eigenvalue and strong ellipticity condition of elasticity $Z$-tensors-tensors
Authors: Wang Chong , Wang Gang , Liu Lixia
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we establish sharp upper and lower bounds on the minimum M-eigenvalue via the extreme eigenvalue of the symmetric matrices extracted from elasticity Z-tensors without irreducible conditions. Based on the lower bound estimations for the minimum M-eigenvalue, we provide some checkable sufficient or necessary conditions for the strong ellipticity condition. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the proposed results.
Codimension two 1:1 strong resonance bifurcation in a discrete predator-prey model with Holling Ⅳ functional response
Authors: Ruan Mianjian ,   Department of Big Data Science, School of Science Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China, Li Chang , Li Xianyi ,   Shenzhen Experimental School, Shenzhen 518028, China
Published: November 2021

In this paper we revisit a discrete predator-prey model with Holling Ⅳ functional response. By using the method of semidiscretization, we obtain new discrete version of this predator-prey model. Some new results, besides its stability of all fixed points and the transcritical bifurcation, mainly for codimension two 1:1 strong resonance bifurcation, are derived by using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, showing that this system possesses complicate dynamical properties.
Service Failure, Recovery, and Sustainable Development
Authors: Kalagbor Anthony Nduwe
Published: November 2021

Extant literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and marketing shows that CSR plays an important role when a service fails; thus, application of recovery strategy becomes crucial for sustainable development. CSR creates greater performance expectations amongst stakeholders as well as helps to legitimise organisational activities when a service fails. This study maintains that CSR is crucially important not only in legitimising organisational actions, but in ensuring that stakeholders' loyalty, trust, and justice are assured. This CSR, service failure, and recovery nexus is more needed in the controversial extractive industry in Nigeria, which has a history of illegitimacy, irresponsible corporate responsibility, lack of accountability, and failure of justice, which have triggered and sustained corporate-stakeholder conflict. This landscape has negative impact on sustainable development, peace, and justice in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, where oil is extracted.
E-Payment Development Towards Social Capital Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Renbō Sumi
Published: November 2021

This paper is a concept paper in regard to the development of e-payment towards social capital using blockchain technology. The attempt to conceptualize these areas in an integrated fashion is a novel approach by using mobile electronic payment technologies for social capital. The goal is to make people's trust and societal contributions more visible in order to help realize societies where people can more easily receive personal support and financial assistance along new axes of value through blockchain e-payment platform. The fundamental blockchain technologies will support the creation of a token economy and the social capital can be directly recorded and visualized, changing the world for the better during the e-payment transaction. Organizations will be able to utilize the information here for further developing products and services that support their social capital engagement while also fulfill their objectives in their regions.
Pro-Bono Virtual Legal Clinics for Enhancement of Social Impact by Communities Affected by COVID-19
Authors: Sia Chin Chin
Published: November 2021

The right to legal advice is an essential entitlement and an imperative step toward effective enjoyment of other fundamental rights, especially to the communities which have limited access to legal opinions due to scarce financial means. Global communities are adversely affected, particularly in relation to employment, domestic violence, and financial hardships during this pandemic. This pro-bono virtual legal clinics project is instrumental in enhancing social impact by ensuring that communities continuously have better access to quality legal advice and information during the COVID-19 Movement Control Order through multiple social networking tools and meaningful collaborations with NGOs.
An evaluation of the appropriateness of prescribing and frailty in elderly patients using STOPP criteria and Frailty Index in tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Nariya Sweta , Pillai Ajita , Agravat Sneha
Published: November 2021

People above 65 years of age would amount to 10.7% of total population of India by 2021. India has acquired the label of ‘an ageing nation’ with 7.7% of its population being more than 60 years old. Geriatric patients are exposed to potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) thus strategies to improve quality of life and safety of prescribing is needed. One such explicit criteria tool is ‘Screening Tool of Older person’s Potentially inappropriate Prescriptions’ (STOPP) criteria. For older individuals, frailty plays a decisive role. Frailty assessment is useful for identification of risk stratifications to assist in clinical decision makings. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the percentage of PIM using STOPP criteria and correlation between PIMS and Frailty Index (FI) in elderly patients in our setting. An observational study was done in 60 patients in department of medicine at tertiary care teaching hospital. Demographic details, diagnosis and current medications were recorded in Microsoft excel 2016. PIMs based on STOPP criteria version 2 and FI suggested by Searle et al. was calculated and analyzed. Spearman rank correlation test was used to check the correlation between FI and PIM. Out of 60 prescriptions, 21 prescriptions with PIM were found. Most common drugs prescribed as PIM were Aspirin, calcium, ceftriaxone, multivitamin B complex and furosemide. FI was analyzed by using 34 variables. Value of FI was between 0.03 to 0.17. Spearman Rank correlation test showed direct low degree of significant correlation between FI and PIM with correlation (r) value of 0.1602 (P value=0.02). 35% of prescriptions were having at least one PIM in our study and we found that there was direct association between FI and PIM which will help us to reduce potential medication errors, drug interactions and adverse reactions.
Architecture of pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in the northern Cordillera
Authors: Ryan J J , Zagorevski A , Cleven N R , Parsons A
J , Joyce N L
Published: November 2021

West-central Yukon and eastern Alaska are characterized by widespread metamorphic rocks that form part of the allochthonous, composite Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin. Structural windows through the Yukon-Tanana terrane expose
parautochthonous North American margin in that broad region, particularly as mid-Cretaceous extensional core complexes. Both the Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin share the same Late Devonian history, making their discrimination difficult; however, distinct post-Late
Devonian magmatic and metamorphic histories assist in discriminating Yukon-Tanana terrane from parautochthonous North American margin rocks. The suture between Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin is obscured by many episodes of high-strain deformation. Their main bounding
structure is probably a Jurassic to Cretaceous thrust, which has been locally reactivated as a mid-Cretaceous extensional shear zone. Crustal-scale structures within composite Yukon-Tanana terrane (e.g. the Yukon River shear zone) are commonly marked by discontinuous mafic-ultramafic complexes. Some
of these complexes represent orogenic peridotites that were structurally exhumed into the Yukon-Tanana terrane in the Middle Permian.
Overlap assemblages: Laberge Group of the Whitehorse Trough, northern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Kellett D A , Zagorevski A
Published: November 2021

The Laberge Group was deposited during the Early to Middle Jurassic in a marginal marine environment, in the northern Canadian Cordillera. It occurs as a narrow, elongated siliciclastic unit along more than 600 km of strike length, overlapping the Intermontane
terranes of southern Yukon and northwestern British Columbia. The Laberge Group was deposited on the Late Triassic Stuhini and Lewes River groups, a volcano-plutonic complex of the Stikine terrane (Stikinia), and, locally, the Kutcho Arc. It is overlain by Middle Jurassic to Cretaceous clastic
units. The variations in clast composition and detrital zircon populations among these units indicate major changes in depositional environment, basin extent, and sources during the latest Triassic to Middle Jurassic. Detrital zircon populations are dominated by near contemporary Stuhini-Lewes River
arc grains, consistent with dissection of an active arc. Detrital rutile and muscovite data show rapid cooling and exhumation of metamorphic rocks during the Early Jurassic. Thermochronological data indicate that basin thermal evolution was domainal, with at least five regional temperature-time
histories.
Psychometric properties of Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Suman L. N. , Srivastava Kalpana , Suma N. , Vishwakarma Akash
Published: November 2021

The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is a widely used test for assessing physical nicotine dependence. However, there is a need to assess the psychometric properties of FTND to assess its role in treatment outcome studies. The aim of the present investigation was to review the psychometric properties of the FTND. A broad systematic literature search was performed from Pubmed and PsycINFO from 2000 to 2019. The publication language was limited to English. Two review authors performed the study selection and extracted the data. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Rayyan software used to screen relevant studies. A total of 1471 articles retrieved from the search, of which 33 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies related to testing the reliability of the FTND were analyzed. Twenty-five studies evaluated the Cronbach alpha of the test. Analysis of the studies revealed the questionable psychometric qualities of the adapted versions of the test across different cultures and ethnicity. It also suggested that it may not tap the appropriate constructs that would predict smoking patterns in light smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and smokeless tobacco users. Thus, further research must focus on improving the psychometric properties of FTND to enhance the measurement of nicotine dependence.
Environmental digital conflicts: Spanish-, german-, and russian-speaking actors
Authors: Pilgun María , Rashodchikov Alexei , Koreneva Antonova Olga
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Almost all significant social communications are moving to virtual spaces. Thus, environmental conflicts play an increasingly important role in public life, as civic activity in solving environmental problems grows. The development of eco-territorial conflicts and requests for their social reactions lead to the emergence of digital conflict zones, sectors of the media space in which the current environmental agenda is discussed by a wide range of users. The analysis of conflicts in the digital environment is truly relevant and can be performed using neural network technologies. Methodology. Big data obtained from social media has become an important source of analysis of social processes, behavioral characteristics, speech perception, society's assessment of events and phenomena. The purpose of the work was to determine the specifics of perception in the media space of environmental conflicts in urban planning and construction. To analyze digital content, a multimodal approach was used along with neural network technologies, text analysis, sentiment analysis, analysis of word associations. The research data was collected using Brand Analytics and the corpus Sketch Engine. Content analysis was carried out using the multilingual technology of neural networks TextAnalyst 2.3. and visual analysis using the Tableau platform. Results and Conclusions. As a result of the study, common and different signs of the development of digital conflict zones related to environmental problems in the Spanish, German and Russian-speaking media space were identified.
Human Health Risks Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Oreochromis niloticus from a Tropical Reservoir
Authors: Ajibare Adefemi , Ogungbile Peter , Ayeku Patrick , Akande John
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the human health risks of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co and Ni in Oreochromis niloticus inhabiting Agodi reservoir in Ibadan, Nigeria. The metals’ concentrations were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of consumers from the intake of metals in the fish was evaluated by Health Risk Index (HRI), Health quotient (HQ) Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Target cancer risk (TR). The metal concentrations in the fish were below the recommended limit by Environmental Protection Agencies. HRI and HQ of each examined metal was greater than one, indicating that there was potential noncarcinogenic health risk associated with the consumption of the fish. However, the THQ and TR were less than one. This indicated that Oreochromis niloticus will not pose any immediate carcinogenic threat to its consumers. It is therefore recommended that only eco-friendly activities should be permitted in/around aquatic ecosystems especially Agodi reservoir in order to keep contaminants below safety limit.
Extraction, Characterization and Utilization of Fish Protein Concentrate
Authors: Phadtare Mahesh C. , Ranveer Rahul C. , Rathod Nikheel B. , Sharangdhar Shrikant T. , Swami Shrikant B. , Vartak Vivek R. , Koli Jayappa M. , Patange Surendra B.
Published: November 2021

Progress in investigation for extraction of fish protein concentrate (FPC) by different solvents (acetone, isopropyl alcohol and hexane: ethanol azeotropic mixture as Canadian, British and Indian method) of pink perch (Nemipterus spp.) analyzed for their functional properties and further utilized in developing value added product. FPC extracted by isopropyl alcohol was superior with significantly (P<0.05) highest protein, lowest moisture and fat content. Significantly (P<0.05) superior viscosity (118.37 cP), Protein solubility (84.40%), Emulsification capacity (68.53%), Emulsification stability (60.92%), Foaming capacity (140.01%), Foaming stability (121.70%) and Water holding capacity (25.35 mL/g) for isopropyl alcohol compared with other solvents. Due to typical fishy odor fish meat replaced with FPC (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 %) in fish finger formulation with FPC incorporation at 10% levels were most acceptable. Strong linearity (R2) for changes biochemical values (R2>0.96) and microbiological values (R2=0.9705) were found. Sensory evaluation had a negative correlation (R2>0.814) during storage suggesting shelf life of 11 days. Suggesting utilization of low value fishes for extraction of high quality proteins and their application for development of novel foods.
Adaptive Immune System in Fish
Authors: Kordon Adef Othan , Pinchuk Lesya , Karsi Attila
Published: November 2021

The immune system of all jawed vertebrates is composed of two major subsystems, the innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to infectious agents; however, it does not provide longlasting protection. The adaptive immune system is activated later and responds to pathogens with specificity and memory. The main components of the adaptive immune system, including T cell receptors (TCRs), major histocompatibility complex (MHC), immunoglobulins (Igs), and recombination-activating gene (RAG) arose in the first jawed fish (cartilaginous and teleost fish). This review explores and discusses components of the adaptive immune system in teleost fish and recent developments in comparative immunology. Similar to mammals, the adaptive immune system in teleost fish is divided into two components: cellular-mediated responses and humoralmediated responses. T cells, the principal elements of cellular-mediated adaptive immune responses, differentiate into effector helper T (Th) cells or effector cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). The central elements involved in the differentiation of Th subsets in mammals, cytokines and master transcription factors, have also been identified in teleost fish. In addition, each subset of Th cells, defined with a particular cytokine to control the immune responses, has been described in teleost fish. Similarly, to mammals, CTLs contribute to cellular cytotoxicity in teleost fish. B cells act as a central player in humoral-mediated adaptive immunity by producing opsonizing, neutralizing and complement-binding antibodies and inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Three classes of antibodies named IgM, IgD, and IgT/Z have been characterized in teleost fish. The presence of an adaptive immune system and consequent immune memory in teleost fish allows vaccination, the most appropriate method for disease control in aquaculture. Immunological studies in fish provide a comprehensive assessment of the fish immune system, which is crucial for understanding the evolution of the mammalian immune system.
Quercetin Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects Induced by High-dose Vitamin D2 in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Chang Sukkum Ngullie , Kim Hyun Jin , Kang Sun Chul
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the developmental toxicity of high-dose administration of vitamin D2 (vit. D2) and the synergistic effect of vit. D2 inco-treatment with quercetin. Zebrafish embryos at 6 hpf were treated with either vit. D2 (1, 5, 10 μg/mL) or quercetin (5, 10 μg/mL) alone. The results from visual assessment and morphological feature scoring revealed, the occurrence of different morphological abnormalities spiked and aggravated with an increase in vit. D2 dose. The percentage of hatching, heartbeats/minute, velocity, body length, and survivability rate was downregulated in high dose vit. D2 groups. Subsequently, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and intracellular ROS was upregulated in high-dose vit. D2 groups. Contrastingly, in the co-treatment of vit. D2 (5 μg/mL) and quercetin (1, 5, 10 μg/mL), the occurrence of abnormal morphological characteristics was downregulated and the percentage of survivability rate was significantly increased. The production of inflammatory cytokines, intracellular ROS, and MDA was also observed to be inhibited in co-treatment groups. The important antioxidants such as glutathione and catalase were increased in co-treatment groups. The activity of S-A-β gal and apoptosis was downregulated in co-treatment groups. Collectively, quercetin ameliorated the developmental toxicity and teratogenic effects induced by high-dose vit. D2.
Dramske delavnice kot pot osebnostnega razvoja
Authors: Vidrih Alenka
Published: November 2021

Tukaj opisana performativna metoda dramskih delavnic je nastala na podlagi poklicnega odrskega delovanja (igralka, pevka), dela z ljudmi (mentor, trener) stalnega strokovnega izpopolnjevanja ter dolgoletnega raziskovanja in analize uporabe glasu in govorice telesa v izpostavljenem odrskem prostoru in v medosebnem sporazumevanju ter raziskovanja pozitivnih učinkov udeležbe posameznika v ustvarjalnem procesu. Preizkušena je pri delu z ljudmi iz različnih strokovnih okolij in mešanih interesnih skupin. Pridobljene izkušnje in znanje iz dramskih delavnice uporabniku služijo kot opora pri premagovanju ovir, pri razvijanju strategij preživetja, pri boljšemu razumevanju in sprejemanju sebe in okolja ter pri oblikovanju želenih vzorcev ravnanja. Na ta način udeleženci nase prevzamejo odgovornost za izboljševanje kvalitete življenja. Tako na področju izobraževanja (kjer sta motivacija in interakcija neizbežna elementa kvalitetnega prenašanja znanja) kot pri delu z ranljivimi skupinami smo prišli do ugotovitve, da prav način dela udeležencem omogoča preprosto prepoznavanje lastnih in tujih obrazcev obnašanja – videnje sebe in drugih v drugačni luči, nevtralizira napetosti v medosebnih in profesionalnih odnosih. Udeleženci izkusijo lasten izrazni in ustvarjalni potencial. Zaupanje v lastne moči in kreativnost, povečuje zaupanje v življenje kar jim nudi občutek osebne izpolnjenosti. Ugotovitve so zbrane na podlagi zbranih evalvacij, anket, pogovorov, poglobljenih pogovorov, dnevniških zapiskov, dela v skupinah in video posnetkov (z dovoljenjem udeležencev).
Vseživljenjskost učenja in strokovno izrazje v vzgoji in izobraževanju
Authors: Jelenc Zoran
Published: November 2021

V filozofiji in sistemu vzgoje in izobraževanja, ki smo mu priča od konca 60. let prejšnjega stoletja dalje, ko se je pod okriljem Unesca začela razvijati ideja o permanentnosti izobraževanja in se razvija ves čas od takrat, doživljamo tolikšne premike, da se morajo zrcaliti tako v dojemanju in pojmovanju vzgoje in izobraževanja kot tudi v njegovem strokovnem izrazju. Slednje je predmet našega razmišljanja v pričujočem prispevku.
Uresničevanje potencialov e-izobraževanja v izobraževanju odraslih
Authors: Bregar Lea
Published: November 2021

E-izobraževanje, katerega bistvena značilnost je uporaba sodobne informacijske in telekomunikacijske tehnologije (IKT), odpira nove perspektive in možnosti za pridobivanje in kreiranje znanja odraslega prebivalstva. Potencialne priložnosti e-izobraževanja so odvisne od tega, v kolikšnem obsegu in kako smotrno ter učinkovito je tehnologija integrirana v izobraževalni proces. Osnova za celovito uresničevanje potencialov, ki jih za izobraževanje odraslih omogoča sodobna tehnologija, je koncept celostnega e-izobraževanje. Za uresničitev teh potencialov pa morajo biti izpolnjeni določeni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na povpraševanje in na ponudbo programov e-izobraževanja. Analiza stanja v EU in v Sloveniji kaže, da je e-izobraževanje še vedno obrobna oblika izobraževanja odraslih. Poglavitni vzroki za skromno izkoriščenosti potencialov e-izobraževanja v izobraževanju so nezadostna usposobljenost velikega dela odraslega prebivalstva za uporabo sodobne tehnologije, neustrezna in skromna ponudba programov ter enostransko uresničevanje strategije uvajanja IKT v izobraževanje.
Pomen izobraževanja odraslih v obdobjih gospodarskih in političnih kriz
Authors: Kump Sonja , Majerhold Katarina
Published: November 2021

V članku poskušamo prikazati, da so se težave in problemi današnje gospodarske in politične krize nakazovali že na samem začetku vzpostavitve kapitalizma v 18. stoletju in prvič izbruhnili v obliki gospodarske krize v 30. letih prejšnjega stoletja. Zato skozi zgodovinski prikaz temeljnih idej radikalnega izobraževanja odraslih za družbene spremembe (Coady, Horton, Lindeman, Freire, Gramsci) poskušamo poiskati tiste njihove temeljne nauke in metode, ki bi lahko služile kot osnova današnjega izobraževanja odraslih, s katerim bi pomagali ljudem, ki jih je prizadela sedanja kriza.
Neformalno mentorstvo
Authors: Kermavnar Nataša
Published: November 2021

Znanje in razumevanje sta dobrini, ki ju ne moremo pridobiti in ustvariti enkrat za vselej, saj nista nikoli končani. Učenje je naloga za vse življenje, pomeni približevati si znanje in tudi življenje, pri čemer je poudarek na človekovi spodbudi. Življenje se nenehno spreminja in zahteva od nas, da se prilagajamo spremembam, zato izobraževanje zgolj po formalnih poteh sodobnemu človeku ne zadostuje več. Mnoga uporabna znanja pridobivamo po neformalni poti, v mnogih različnih okoljih in okoliščinah. Učimo se od ljudi, s katerimi živimo in delamo, zato je prav, da svoja razmišljanja usmerimo tudi v pogoje in okolja, kjer se ta učenja dogajajo. Ko so pogoji dobri, ko so odnosi kakovostni in je okolje spodbudno, bo učenje kakovostnejše, znanje pa trajnejše. Ljudje se raje učimo od posameznikov, ki jim lahko zaupamo, ki so dostopni, prijazni in nam znajo prisluhniti. Ugotovitve naše raziskave in tudi predhodnih na isto temo bi lahko vodile v razmislek o tem, kako izboljšati formalne mentorske odnose, ki so zelo pogosta oblika izobraževanja na delovnem mestu, in s tem njihovo učinkovitost.
Pomen in vloga vseživljenjskega izobraževanja v luči različnih opredelitev nalog prihodnje družbe
Authors: Volf Bojan
Published: November 2021

Potrošniška družba, družba tveganja in družba z nanja so samo nekatere oznake, ki poskušajo opisati socialne, ekonomske, kulturne in politične spremembe, ki so se z godile v drugi polovici dvajsetega stoletja. Za čas globalizacije je na ravni edukacijskih politik z načilno, da tudi številčne in ekonomsko bolj razvite nacije nimajo pravih možnosti v globaliziranem svetu, če ne bodo vlagale v edukacijo, katere kakovost bi presojali skladno z mednarodnimi standardi. Od tod izhodišča za razpravo o pomembnosti permanentnega izobraževanja, kamor spada tudi razprava o izobraževanju odraslih.
V prvem delu članka nas zanima vprašanje opredeljevanja zakonitosti človekove narave in njenih zakonov delovanja s posebnim poudarkom na sposobnostih in zmogljivostih odraslih za učenje. Ker pa se sposobnosti za učenje ohranjajo in oblikujejo bolj v tistih družbah, ki znajo dovolj sistematično pristopati k problemu vseživljenjskega učenja, se po drugi strani pokaže, da o vsem tem odločajo tudi predstave, ki jih goji neka družba o odrasli in starejši generaciji. Zato v drugem delu članka opišemo tudi, katere družbeno-ekonomske razmere ter institucionalne strukture pogojujejo možnost uresničevanja permanentnega izobraževanja kot naloge prihodnje družbe.
Vzgoja in izobraževanje za trajnostni razvoj kot vseživljenjski proces
Authors: Golob Nika
Published: November 2021

Razvoj spoznanj o preobremenjenosti naravnega okolja oziroma omejenih samočistilnih sposobnosti ekosistemov je od zavedanja stanja iz pred petdesetih let pa do danes privedel do ključnih smernic, ki bi jih morali upoštevati programi vzgoje in izobraževanja na vseh ravneh. Koncept okoljske vzgoje se je v teh letih razširil v vzgojo in izobraževanje za trajnostni razvoj, ki zdaj posega v vse razsežnosti človekovega življenja in delovanja. Žal pa ravnanje še ne dosega pričakovanj, ki jih moramo kot družba zagotavljati za trajnostno prihodnost zaradi odgovornosti do prihodnjih generacij. To smo potrdili z raziskavo o uporabi pitne vode kot enega ključnih kazalnikov doseganja ciljev vzgoje in izobraževanja za trajnostni razvoj.
Pomen e-izobraževanja za odrasle
Authors: Bračič Suzana
Published: November 2021

V sodobni družbi ima znanje vse večji pomen za gospodarski in družbeni razvoj. Zaradi naraščajočega pomena znanja je potreba po višji izobraženosti vseh generacij kot tudi po stalnem obnavljanju in dopolnjevanju znanj vse večja. V zadnjih letih e-izobraževanje postaja vse bolj pomembno tudi za odrasle osebe, saj spodbuja vseživljenjsko učenje ter osebni in profesionalni razvoj. V prispevku so predstavljena dognanja raziskav o študiju na daljavo za odrasle in analiza ankete, ki smo jo izvedli med udeleženci v izobraževanju odraslih na Ljudski univerzi. Starejši se počasi le začenjajo zavedati prednosti in priložnosti e-izobraževanja, ker jim omogoča izobraževanje in pridobivanje znanja, ki jih posameznik potrebuje za delo v vsakdanjih življenjskih situacijah in v družbi nasploh.