bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoredox-catalyzed generation of α-carbonyl carbocations: general access to α-tertiary amino acid derivatives
Authors: Zeng Ya-Zhen , Zhang Wang , Han Man-Yi , Wang Peng , Huang Hanmin
Published: February 2025

A photoredox-catalyzed method has been developed to generate α-carbonyl carbocations from α-carbonyl radicals through SET oxidation. The addition of Nitriles to these carbocations enabling the synthesis of α-tertiary amino acid derivatives.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Investigation of the structural, surface topographical, fractal, capacitive, and electrical properties of a defect brownmillerite perovskite material KBiFeMnO5 for electronic devices” by P. Tomaszewski, RSC Adv., 2024, DOI: 10.1039/D4RA04218B’
Authors: Panda Debasish , Hota Sudhansu Sekhar , Prasad Choudhary Ram Naresh
Published: February 2025

This reply mainly deals with the scientific description of the comments on the structure of the published compound KBiFeMnO5. The newly developed compound was prepared using a standard ceramic technology (high-temperature solid-state reaction technique). The high-purity ingredients (K2CO3, Bi2O3, Fe2O3 and Mn2O3) were taken stoichiometrically to create a single-phase compound, whereas, in the commented article, KBiFeMnO5 is written as sillenite Bi25FeO40 or/and Bi24Mn2O40 that is unacceptable without other detailed experiments.
Metal nanoparticles in neuroinflammation: impact on microglial dynamics and CNS function
Authors: Alaei Masood , Koushki Khadijeh , Taebi Kimia , Yousefi Taba Mahdieh , Keshavarz Hedayati Samaneh , Keshavarz Shahbaz Sanaz
Published: February 2025

Metal NPs cross BBB and release low drug doses in a time-controlled manner in the target site. AuNPs and IONPs predominantly inhibit neuroinflammation, while other metal NPs promote it. Metal NPs possess dual role in modulating microglia.
Casein-based film enriched with lignin as a biodegradable substrate for enzyme immobilization
Authors: Dembech Elena , Sotgiu Giovanna , Donnadio Anna , Buoso Sara , Dolci Giovanni , Nichilo Mary Jo F. A. , Sinisi Valentina
Published: February 2025

Biodegradable films were prepared starting from milk extracted casein, even in combination with lignin. The films were used to immobilize glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger and tested to detect the presence of glucose in solution.
Cathodic electrodeposition of amorphous tungsten oxide dihydrate film for dual-band electrochromic modulation
Authors: Zhang Qiyuan , Du Ruoming , Yao Aihua
Published: February 2025

Amorphous WO3·2H2O films were electrodeposited from a monomeric diperoxotungstate solution derived from [WO2(O2)H2O]·1.66H2O powder. The open framework and interlayer water in WO3·2H2O enable outstanding dual-band electrochromic performance.
Nanocomposites of organo-montmorillonite/polystyrene latex particles via free radical miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Akelah Ahmed , Rehab Ahmed , Harhash Hisham , Abdelwahab Mohamed A. , Mandour Hamada S. A.
Published: February 2025

Hydrophobization of MMT with a reactive ADM18 molecule and its encapsulation into polystyrene latex particles via miniemulsion polymerization.
A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of lead(ii) ions utilizing rice-shaped bimetallic MOFs incorporated reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Doan Tien Dat , Pham Thi Hai Yen , Luong Dinh Dung , Thi Nhung Hac , Oanh Ho Thi , Le Thu Thao , Tran Nguyen Ha , Hoang Thi Kim Dung , Hoang Mai Ha
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical sensors based on a GCE modified with rice-shaped bimetallic MOFs incorporated rGO for the detection of lead(ii) ions.
Crystallization-integrated mandelate racemase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic mandelic acid
Authors: Belov Feodor , Lieb Alexandra , von Langermann Jan
Published: February 2025

This study shows the potential of a combination of classic diastereomeric salt crystallization with enzymatic racemization yielding an efficient chemoenzymatic pathway for dynamic kinetic resolution of mandelic acid in aqueous media.
Elucidating the correlation between the prelithiation concentration of a LixSi anode and performance of all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Kim Minju , Jeong Yuhong , Kang Sung , Park Jungjae , Song Jung-Hoon , Shin Tae Ho , Lim Hyung-Tae
Published: February 2025

All-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries with LixSi anodes are evaluated. The optimal composition for practical cell design is identified as x = 1.71 and N/P ratio = 2.05, enabling the realization of high electrochemical performance and stability.
Accelerating the exploration of novel perovskite-structured metal borohydrides with enhanced dehydrogenation performance through machine learning
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Fan Jinwei , Chen Xiaowei , Zhang Jiyue , Peng Jing , Yan Xiaojun , Huang Jianmei
Published: February 2025

Perovskite-type metal borohydrides are studied using machine learning (ML) with metal halides as analogs to address data scarcity. ML predicts that KMn(BH4)3 has a dehydrogenation temperature of 207.5 °C, highlighting its hydrogen storage potential.
Pseudo-lithium vacancies in hydrogen rich Li3OCl
Authors: Williamson Benjamin A. D. , Eggestad Kristoffer , Selbach Sverre M.
Published: February 2025

The antiperovskite Li3OCl is reported as a superionic conductor, however, due to its hygroscopic nature, it is most likely Li3−xOHxCl. This leads to the formation of beneficial lithium vacancy-like defects which enhance the conductivity.
Accelerated Dermal Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice by H2O2-Generating Catechol-Functionalized Gelatin Microgel
Authors: Forooshani Pegah Kord , Razaviamri Fatemeh , Smies Arian , Morath Lea , Pinnaratip Rattapol , Bhuiyan Md. Saleh Akram , Rajachar Rupak M. , Goldman Jeremy , Lee Bruce P
Published: February 2025

Physically crosslinked gelatin microgels were functionalized with a bioadhesive molecule, catechol, to study the effect of in-situ generated H2O2 on full-thickness wound repair in diabetic mice. Due to the physically...
Enhancement of intersystem crossing in asymmetrically substituted BODIPY photosensitizers
Authors: Filatov Mikhail A. , Mikulchyk Tatsiana , Hodée Maxime , Dvoracek Metodej , Mamillapalli Venkata N. K. , Sheehan Aimee , Newman Craig , Borisov Sergey M. , Escudero Daniel , Naydenova Izabela
Published: February 2025

Asymmetrically substituted BODIPY photosensitizers achieve efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) through an S1 → T2 pathway, facilitated by a narrowed singlet–triplet energy gap.
CO2 capture by anion-functionalized deep eutectic solvents: the effect of steric hindrance of –OH groups
Authors: Chen Mingzhe , Zhang Shaoyu , Mei Qingqing , Zhou Huacong , Yang Dezhong
Published: February 2025

The steric hindrance of –OH groups can be a useful tool to tune CO2 capture behaviors by deep eutectic solvents.
Mechanochemical synthetic strategy of isoreticular flexible metal-organic frameworks with pre-designed mixed metal clusters
Authors: Lee Hong Kyu , Moon Hoi Ri
Published: February 2025

Mechanochemistry has emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional solvothermal methods for synthesizing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), offering reduced solvent usage, shorter reaction times, and scalability. However, the synthesis of flexible...
A dual-band transmissive polarization conversion metastructure based on the toroidal dipole-assisted EIT effect
Authors: Zeng Li , Zhang Tao , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: February 2025

The AR spectra of the proposed MAT varied with different structural parameters of h3.
Novel paper sensor with modified aptamer for accurate detection of clinical cardiac troponin I
Authors: Xie Qing , Wu Danfeng , Chen Qinran , Liang Haiyan , Wang Leyu , Qiu Xiaozhong
Published: February 2025

Aps3-CTnI-PS@CP demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in CTnI detection, its simple construction showing strong clinical application potential.
DFT study on Rh(ii)/guanidine-catalyzed asymmetric N–H bond insertion of benzophenone imines
Authors: Xu Jiaying , Wei Qi , Hu Changwei , Su Zhishan
Published: February 2025

In situ-formed guanidinium creates a hydrogen bonding network that enabled stereo-determinant protonation of an enol/ylide species for the N–H insertion product.
Correction: Topological defects induced by air inclusions in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals with ionic doping
Authors: Ma Zhongjie , Yi Shengzhu , Jiang Miao , Huang Mingjun , Aya Satoshi , Zhang Rui , Wei Qi-Huo
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Topological defects induced by air inclusions in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals with ionic doping’ by Zhongjie Ma et al., Soft Matter, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sm01261e.
Correction: Anoplophora graafi longhorn beetle coloration is due to disordered diamond-like packed spheres
Authors: Djeghdi Kenza , Schumacher Cédric , Bauernfeind Viola , Gunkel Ilja , Wilts Bodo D. , Steiner Ullrich
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Anoplophora graafi longhorn beetle coloration is due to disordered diamond-like packed spheres’ by Kenza Djeghdi et al., Soft Matter, 2024, 20, 2509–2517, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM00068D.
Spontaneous deposition of high-density Pt single atoms on oxides via charge polarization between oxides and carbon
Authors: Huang Jing-Fang , Chen Liang-Jhu , Yang Bo-Zhao , Chen Jeng-Lung
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous deposition of high-density Pt single atoms on oxides via charge polarization between oxides and carbon.
Expression of concern: Efficient capture and photothermal ablation of planktonic bacteria and biofilms using reduced graphene oxide–polyethyleneimine flexible nanoheaters
Authors: Budimir Milica , Jijie Roxana , Ye Ran , Barras Alexandre , Melinte Sorin , Silhanek Alejandro , Markovic Zoran , Szunerits Sabine , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: February 2025

Expression of concern for ‘Efficient capture and photothermal ablation of planktonic bacteria and biofilms using reduced graphene oxide–polyethyleneimine flexible nanoheaters’ by Milica Budimir et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019, 7, 2771–2781, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TB01676C.
An Investigation of the Pathogenesis in Pilots With Airsickness Susceptibility Using Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Ceylan Seval , Toker Gökçe Tanyeri , Kumbul Yusuf Çağdaş
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The aim was to compare cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) findings between pilots who are susceptible to airsickness and those who are not and to determine whether the physiopathology arising from the sacculo-collic reflex pathway occurs during episodes of airsickness in pilots.

Method:

The patient group included 32 male pilots susceptible to airsickness, and the control group included 30 male pilots with no airsickness susceptibility. Participants with hearing loss and neuromuscular pathology were excluded. The Graybiel scale and cVEMP test were administered to the participants. The cVEMP thresholds, wave latencies and amplitudes, and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratios (IAARs) were compared between the groups. In addition, correlation analysis was performed between IAAR and susceptibility to airsickness severity in the airsickness susceptible (AS) group.

Results:

The right-ear cVEMP threshold in the AS group (85.62 ± 6.05) was lower than that of the control group (91.16 ± 4.85;
p
< .001). In the right ears of the AS group, the P1 and N1 latencies at 100, 95, and 90 dB nHL levels were found to be shorter than those of the control group (
p
< .05 for all). Again, the P1N1 wave amplitudes at 100 dB nHL in the right ears of the AS group were higher than those of the control group (
p
= .009). The IAAR was higher in the AS group than in the control group (
p
< .001). There was a positive correlation between IAAR and airsickness susceptibility severity in the AS group (ρ = .742, .650, .535 at 100, 95, 90 dB nHL, respectively).

Conclusions:

The susceptibility of pilots to airsickness may be related to changes in normative cVEMP latencies and amplitudes. The present study demonstrated a correlation between asymmetry in the integrity of the saccular reflex pathway and the severity of pilots' susceptibility to airsickness. A higher IAAR was observed in subjects with a greater susceptibility to airsickness, indicating a potential correlation between the two variables.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28300112
Talker Differences in Perceived Emotion in Clear and Conversational Speech
Authors: Young Elizabeth D. , Morgan Shae D. , Ferguson Sarah Hargus
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Previous work has shown that judgments of emotion differ between clear and conversational speech, particularly for perceived anger. The current study examines talker differences in perceived emotion for a database of talkers producing clear and conversational speech.

Method:

A database of 41 talkers was used to assess talker differences in six emotion categories (“Anger,” “Fear,” “Disgust,” “Happiness,” “Sadness,” and “Neutral”). Twenty-six healthy young adult listeners rated perceived emotion in 14 emotionally neutral sentences produced in clear and conversational styles by all talkers in the database. Generalized linear mixed-effects modeling was utilized to examine talker differences in all six emotion categories.

Results:

There was a significant effect of speaking style for all emotion categories, and substantial talker differences existed after controlling for speaking style in all categories. Additionally, many emotion categories, including anger, had significant Talker × Style interactions. Perceived anger was significantly higher in clear speech compared to conversational speech for 85% of the talkers.

Conclusions:

While there is a large speaking style effect for perceived anger, the magnitude of the effect varies between talkers. The perception of negatively valenced emotions in clear speech, including anger, may result in unintended interpersonal consequences for those utilizing clear speech as a communication facilitator. Further research is needed to examine potential acoustic sources of perceived anger in clear speech.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28304384
Agent‐based simulation system for optimising resource allocation in production process
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Zhang Fan
Published: February 2025

Efficient sequencing of processes and resource allocation are critical in production planning scenarios, such as manufacturing workshops and construction projects, to enhance efficiency and reduce operational costs. Resource allocation in such environments is often challenged by temporal constraints, process interdependencies, and resource limitations, which complicate scheduling and increase the risk of delays. This study presents a multi‐agent‐based simulation system to address these challenges. A scheduling optimisation model is developed to simulate and optimise resource allocation in complex processes with network structures and temporal constraints. The primary objective is to minimise production completion time while ensuring effective resource allocation. Additionally, an adaptive, partially distributed Agent‐Based Modelling and Simulation framework is proposed to simulate the execution logic of real‐world processes, integrating key factors such as resource limitations, process interdependencies, and real‐time decision‐making. A priority‐based genetic algorithm is also designed and embedded into the multi‐agent system to further optimise process sequencing and resource distribution. Simulation experiments across varying case scales validate the model and algorithm. This study highlights the potential of agent‐based simulation for solving complex engineering challenges and provides new insights for addressing resource allocation problems in network‐structured, time‐constrained environments.
Financial gigantism at the Winter Olympics: Myth or reality? A comparative analysis of the revenues of the Winter Olympics since 2002
Authors: Rinker Yannick , Preuss Holger
Published: February 2025

The commercialization of the Olympic Games is often cited as the primary driver behind its gigantism (e.g. (Kurscheidt & Prüschenk, 2020; Preuss, 2004b). While much academic attention has been paid on the financial growth of the Olympic Movement and OG Games (e.g. Müller et al., 2022; Preuss, 2024; Zimbalist, 2016), our study focuses on the revenue growth of the Winter Olympics over the past two decades by analyzing the revenues of the Organizing Committees for the Olympic Winter Games (OCOGs) since 2002. Unlike previous studies, we ensured comparability of nominal data by adjustments for purchasing power parity and inflation, providing insights into comparable revenue figures and enabling trend analysis. Contrary to the assumption of rapid revenue growth linked to gigantism, our analysis uncovers only a moderate increase. This suggests that despite the commercial momentum and modest expansion of the Winter Games size, revenue growth has been moderate in real terms. These findings establish a robust foundation for accurate data comparison and and provide a clear picture of the financial stability of the Games over the past two decades. While various income categories experienced fluctuations, the consistent real-term increase in revenue from the TOP sponsorship program highlights a key driver of this stability.
Malignitätsrisiko sonografisch unveränderter Adnextumoren bei älteren Frauen
Authors: Lorenz Judith
Published: February 2025

Die Mehrzahl der bei älteren Frauen sonografisch detektierten Adnexbefunde ist gutartig. Kleine Neoplasien, die keine eindeutigen Malignitätszeichen aufweisen, können daher zunächst sonografisch beobachtet werden. Bleiben die Befunde im Verlauf unverändert, stellt sich jedoch die Frage, wie lange Kontrolluntersuchungen notwendig sind. Ein US-Forscherteam beschäftigte sich mit dieser Thematik.
Enhancement of the third harmonic generation efficiency of ITO nanolayers coupled to Tamm plasmon polaritons
Authors: Shubitidze Tornike , Chawla Smridhi , Dal Negro Luca
Published: February 2025

We study the enhancement of third harmonic generation in indium tin oxide nanolayers coupled to Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs). The TPPs are excited at the interface between a thin gold mirror and a silicon dioxide/silicon nitride (SiO2/Si3N4) distributed Bragg reflector with a 30 nm thick indium tin oxide (ITO) nanolayer embedded inside the topmost dielectric layer under the metal mirror. This ITO nanolayer exhibits epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) behavior at near-infrared wavelengths. By tuning the angle of incidence and the TPP resonance conditions, we achieve sub-wavelength confinement of the electromagnetic field, resulting in an 8× enhancement of the nonlinear optical response of the structure compared with the isolated ITO nanolayer at its optimal ENZ condition. We further investigate the dependence of the THG signal on the incident angle and sample orientation, confirming that the enhancement is driven by the excitation of the TPP mode with a characteristic asymmetric behavior. Numerical simulations of local field factors based on the transfer matrix method fully support our findings. Our study demonstrates that the TPP-ENZ platform offers a versatile and highly efficient approach to enhancing nonlinear optical processes, with potential applications in frequency conversion, optical signal processing, and the development of more efficient nonlinear photonic devices.
Enhancement to the conductivity of surface transfer-doped (111) diamond through thermochemical surface etching
Authors: Yianni S. A. , Stacey A. , Creedon D. L. , Xing K. , Schenk A. K. , Pakes C. I.
Published: February 2025

The use of a transition metal catalyzed thermochemical etching method for improving the carrier transport properties of the near-surface two-dimensional (2D) hole gas in surface transfer-doped hydrogen-terminated (111) diamond is demonstrated. Using Ni0.8Cr0.2 films deposited and annealed to a temperature of 900 °C, with up to three etch cycles, preferential (111) surface etching produces large terraces exceeding 10 μm in size with a surface microroughness, σRMS2λ, that is two orders of magnitude lower than for the pre-etched (111) surface. Magnetotransport measurements on hydrogen-terminated Hall bars engineered on the pre- and post-etched surfaces and rendered conductive by the adsorbed water layer formed on exposure to ambient conditions demonstrate that this etching causes an improvement in the hole mobility by an order of magnitude, resulting in a measured sheet resistivity of 1.04  kΩ/sq at a temperature of 4.2 K without gating.
Unstable instantaneous normal modes and diffusion in supercooled liquids
Authors: Keyes T.
Published: February 2025

At supercooled temperatures, liquid fluidity requires barrier crossing on the multidimensional potential energy surface or landscape. However, most equilibrium quantities are then dominated by configurations close to the local minima and do not contain information about the barriers. Thus, they are not indicated as the basis of a theory for long-time dynamics, specifically, for the self-diffusion constant, D(T). By contrast, the unstable instantaneous normal modes (INMs) are well-defined equilibrium properties with contributions only from configurations with some downward curvature of the potential, primarily, regions above the inflection points and the barriers. They are uniquely well suited to describe long-time dynamics, and the results of pursuing that idea are described herein: (1) The well developed and successful INM theory of self-diffusion. (2) The theory and functional form of the unstable density of states, which contains information about the topography of the landscape, a significant factor in the nature of supercooled dynamics. (3) A random energy model and the soft potential model provide simplification and add additional insight. (4) Despite the focus on dynamics, the configurational entropy is expressed in terms of the unstable INM, and the heat capacity has unstable INM contributions.
Extend the scope of negative thermal expansion in PbTiO3-based perovskites
Authors: Pan Zhao , Nikolaev Sergey A. , Zhang Jie , Pi Maocai , Ye Mengqi , Liu Qiumin , Ye Xubin , Wang Xiao , Nishikubo Takumi , Kawaguchi Shogo , Azuma Masaki , Long Youwen
Published: February 2025

PbTiO3 is a typical perovskite-type ferroelectric that shows unique negative thermal expansion (NTE) from room temperature to its Curie temperature (α¯V = −1.99 × 10−5 K−1, 300–763 K). It is widely accepted that enhanced NTE can be achieved in PbTiO3-based ferroelectrics by improving the tetragonality of PbTiO3 (c/a = 1.064) through chemical substitutions. Nevertheless, most substituted PbTiO3-based ferroelectrics exhibit reduced tetragonality and weakened NTE, while enhanced NTE has only been achieved in those materials with enhanced tetragonality so far. Herein, we report on (1 − x)PbTiO3-xBiAlO3 solid solutions for which we observe reduced tetragonality accompanied by an unusual enhanced NTE (c/a = 1.057, α¯V = −2.23 × 10−5 K−1, 300–740 K), without much degradation of the NTE temperature range of pristine PbTiO3 upon doping. The present study provides an example of unusual enhanced NTE accompanied by reduced tetragonality in PbTiO3-based perovskites, which will extend the scope of NTE in PbTiO3-based ferroelectrics and shed light on the understanding of enhanced NTE in PbTiO3 family.
Investigating the interplay between spin polarization and magnetic damping in CoxFe80−xB20 for magnonics applications
Authors: Gnoatto Lorenzo , Molier Thomas , Lamberts Jelte J. , Bassant Artim L. , Schippers Casper F. , Duine Rembert A. , Lavrijsen Reinoud
Published: February 2025

For magnonics and spintronics applications, the spin polarization (P) of a transport current and the magnetic damping (α) play a crucial role, e.g., for magnetization dynamics and magnetization switching applications. In particular, P in a glassy (amorphous) 3d transition ferromagnet such as CoFeB and α are both strongly affected by s−d scattering mechanisms. Hence, a correlation can be expected, which is a priori difficult to predict. In this work, P and α are measured using current-induced Doppler shifts using propagating spin wave spectroscopy and broadband ferromagnetic resonance techniques in blanket films and current-carrying CoxFe80−xB20 alloy microstrips. The measured P ranges from 0.18 ± 0.05 to 0.39 ± 0.05, and α ranges from (4.0 ± 0.2)·10−3 to (9.7 ± 0.6)·10−3. We find that for increasing P, a systematic drop in α is observed, indicating an interplay between magnetic damping and the spin polarization of the transport current, which suggests that interband scattering dominates in CoxFe80−xB20. Our results may guide future experiments, theory, and applications in advancing spintronics and metal magnonics.
The rotation-diffusion dynamic ignition process in a coupled swirler-cavity hyperburner under high-speed and low-temperature extreme conditions
Authors: Wang Wei , Xie Mingyun , Yu Bin , He Miaosheng , Ji Yuan , Chen Xinwei , Huang Xiaobin , Liu Hong
Published: February 2025

In the tandem turbine-based combined cycle engine's hyperburner, the complex intrusive design is usually employed to achieve ignition and stable combustion under high-speed and low-temperature extreme conditions. This paper proposes a concise, non-intrusive coupled swirler-cavity configuration to supply the fuel with good atomization at the cavity-trapped vortex center, thereby ensuring the formation of the initial flame kernel. Under the guidance of the cavity-trapped vortex, the initial flame kernel grows through a dynamic “rotation-diffusion” mechanism. Compared to previous studies, the present work achieves ignition and stable combustion under higher incoming Mach numbers (Ma = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) and lower temperatures (T0 = 300 K).
Acquis terminology in English–Georgian translation
Authors: Beridze Khatuna , Diasamidze Khatuna
Published: February 2025

Translation of the Acquis communautaire was followed in almost every acceding EU state with debates about the
quality, multiple cases of requests for corrigenda, and controversies regarding the terminology “consistence.” Insignificant in
one respect or undetected in another, translational mistakes incurred costs as well as additional efforts on behalf of the EU and
national institutions. The paper examines the consistency of terminology of the EU–Georgian Association Agreement, Title IV,
articles 1–276. The analyses were conducted using a custom-built bilingual corpus platform and software. The goal of this research
was to continue the development of the CT analyses and methodology for the translated Acquis, as well as legal texts in general.
We analyzed legal collocations or “terminological collocations” that are translated with the functional equivalents, causing
inconsistencies and errors in the teleological interpretation of the law, as well as term variation. Another value of the research
is that it ascertains and promotes the significance of the corpus linguistic methodology for the development of the CTS of legal
texts.
The variation of the indefinite pronoun uno as a desubjectivizing resource by
sex/gender
Authors: Serrano María José
Published: February 2025

In Spanish, uno (‘one’) is third person pronoun whose referent is categorically a first-person
singular referent of human nature: “Uno quiere salir adelante” (‘One wants to go onwards’). It
represents the person speaking, but a second person or a nonspecified group of referents may also be included in the reference.
Speakers refer to themselves by using this pronoun, but at the same time, they intend to give a universal reading to the content.
The use of uno (‘one’) promotes a desubjectivizing style of discourse suited to achieve certain concrete
communicative goals. Desubjectivization is a cognitive process based on the gradual cognitive salience or accessibility of
personal referents. In this investigation, uno (‘one’) is analyzed as a desubjectivizing resource by observing
its use across sex/gender factors. Sex/gender will be approached as a covariating factor with the use of the pronoun
uno, considering that it is a grammatical choice that will contribute to the construction of a communicative
style. Two pragmatic referential readings of uno were isolated and their analysis was performed in a corpus of
social media texts (Facebook, X and Instagram). Results reveal that men tend to create a more desubjectivizing style according to
their frequency of using unevenly both readings of uno in all and social media text. In turn, women showed an
increasing percentage of just one of the uno’s reading on the social media X, thus, women tend to create a less desubjectivizing
style than men.
Study on the enhancement effect of weak magnetic excitation on stress-induced magnetic signals in ferromagnetic pipeline weld joint
Authors: He Tengjiao , Lyu Xidi , Liao Kexi , He Guoxi , Xia Guoqiang , Liao Jiancheng , Zhao Shuai , Leng Jihui
Published: February 2025

The stress-induced magnetic signal collected by the weak magnetic testing (WMT) is prone to interference from external noise signals. A tensile experiment of weld joints of ferromagnetic pipes under the excitation magnetic field is conducted to enhance the stress-induced magnetic field. The enhancement effects and underlying mechanism of the weak magnetic excitation on the stress-magnetic variation law are studied. Furthermore, the optimal magnetic field promoting stress-magnetic coupling and corresponding stable stress-induced magnetic signal variation curve are also determined. The results demonstrate that the excitation magnetic field modifies the magnetic field intensities and variation features of stress-induced magnetic signals of weld joints. The change range of stress-induced magnetic fields mainly corresponds to the linear decrease phase at 200 MPa - 550 MPa. The optimal excitation magnetic field under uniaxial stress states is 400 A/m, and the corresponding stress-magnetic change rate is 0.2657 (A/m)/MPa. Additionally, results from the three-dimensional stress model indicate the presence of an optimal excitation magnetic field of 600 A/m under the three-dimensional state, which is greater than the optimal excitation magnetic field intensity in the uniaxial tensile state. This conclusion is further supported by experimental verification.
Zero-shot learning based on the fusion of global and local representations
Authors: Qiang Wang , HongJin Mou , Jia Wang , Chunxiao Wei , Yu Zhou
Published: February 2025

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) endeavors to extend knowledge to novel classes by capitalizing on the semantic overlap across different categories. Contemporary ZSL approaches concentrate on isolating image-specific local features pertinent to attributes and using these to align class semantic vectors. However, existing methods often overlook the integration of global and local representation, a synthesis that could significantly enhance zero-shot recognition accuracy. This paper introduces an innovative ZSL technique, termed ZSL based on the fusion of global representation and local representation (ZGLR). Our approach incorporates a Transformer encoder constructed upon attribute prototypes to extract attribute-level features, which are then mapped to local representation to align with class semantic vectors. Concurrently, we introduce a discriminative semantic-visual mapping network that embeds class semantic vectors into the visual domain, thereby aligning global representation. During training, both global and local representation are optimized in tandem, while in the testing phase, the outcomes from both representational levels are consolidated to bolster classification precision. Practical results from three benchmark ZSL datasets demonstrate the superiority of our put-forward ZGLR solution.
A Self-correcting Strategy for the Digital Volume Correlation Displacement Field Based on Image Matching: Application to Poor Speckle Quality and Complex Large Deformation
Authors: Li Chengsheng , Liu Zhijun
Published: February 2025

Digital volume correlation (DVC) is widely used for the analysis of three-dimensional displacement and strain fields based on CT scans. However, the applicability of DVC methods is limited in regard to geomaterials: the speckles are directly correlated with the microstructure of the material, and the speckle structure cannot be artificially altered, resulting in generally poor speckle quality. Additionally, most geomaterials exhibit elastoplastic properties and undergo complex large deformations under external loading, sometimes leading to strain localization phenomena. These factors contribute to inaccuracies in the displacement field obtained through DVC, and at present, there is a shortage of correction methods and accuracy assessment techniques for the displacement field. If the accuracy of the DVC displacement field is sufficiently high, the gray residue of the two volume images before and after deformation should be minimal, and the use of this characteristic to develop a correction method for the displacement field is feasible. The proposed self-correcting strategy of the DVC displacement field is based on image matching, which is based on the experimental measurement error. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method by performing CT triaxial tests on granite residual soil. Without adding other DVC parameters, the gray residue showed that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of the displacement field. Additionally, the accuracy evaluation method can reasonably estimate the accuracy of the displacement field. The proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of the DVC three-dimensional displacement field for the state of speckles with poor quality and complex large deformation.
Evaluating large language models in high school physics education: addressing misconceptions and fostering conceptual understanding
Authors: Kahaleh Rabih , Lopez Victor
Published: February 2025

Large language models (LLMs), which are a specific subset of artificial intelligence (AI), may have the potential to revolutionize education by addressing common student misconceptions in physics. This study investigates the effectiveness of popular LLMs, such as OpenAI ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot, in identifying and addressing misconceptions related to Newtonian mechanics in high school physics. The focus solely is on the misconception that for an elevator to move upward, the force exerted by the cable must be greater than the gravitational force acting downward on the elevator, which contradicts Newton’s first law of motion. To explore this, thirty-two experienced instructors engaged in dialogues with the LLMs, simulating learners with this misconception. Instructors evaluated the LLMs’ accuracy, personalization, and pedagogical effectiveness. The findings indicate that most instructors recognized the substantial potential of LLMs to improve student learning, particularly in addressing misconceptions through interactive dialogue, targeted questioning, and clear explanations tailored to each learner’s needs. ChatGPT ranked highest, demonstrating capabilities in delivering clear explanations, adapting to individual learners, and implementing effective teaching strategies. Google Gemini followed closely, while Microsoft Copilot was the least effective. This capability holds promise for enhancing conceptual understanding and student engagement in physics education. However, limitations were noted in the LLMs’ ability to facilitate personalized scientific discussions and utilize visual aids, such as physics diagrams, simulations, to enhance understanding. This research demonstrates the significant potential of LLMs as valuable tools for identifying and addressing misconceptions in physics education.
Verifying the analogy between transversely coupled spin-1/2 systems and inductively-coupled fluxoniums
Authors: Lin Wei-Ju , Cho Hyunheung , Chen Yinqi , Vavilov Maxim G , Wang Chen , Manucharyan Vladimir E.
Published: February 2025

We report a detailed characterization of two inductively coupled superconducting fluxonium qubits for implementing high-fidelity cross-resonance gates. Our circuit stands out because it behaves very closely to the case of two transversely coupled spin-1/2 systems. In particular, the generally unwanted static ZZ-term due to the non-computational transitions is nearly absent despite a strong qubit-qubit hybridization. Spectroscopy of the non-computational transitions reveals a spurious LC-mode arising from the combination of the coupling inductance and the capacitive links between the terminals of the two-qubit circuit. Such a mode has a minor effect on the present device, but it must be carefully considered for optimizing future multi-qubit designs.
Near infrared thermal emitter based on nano scale grating metamaterial for thermo photovoltaic power generation
Authors: Feyisa Tesfaye , Belay Abebe , Tolessa Fekadu , Sherefedin Umer , Zityab Manza , Dalga Bereket , Birara Melak , Lemma Tadesse
Published: February 2025

Nonrenewable fossil fuels constitute the main source of energy for energy consumption worldwide. Therefore, new technologies are needed to capture energy from alternate sources before fossil fuel runs out. In this work, we designed a nanostructured grating for selective emitters made of tungsten/molybdenum ground film with a hafnium dioxide spacer that is used for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. To achieve high spectral efficiency, several geometric parameters, including the grating height, dielectric thickness, and incident angle, were optimized, while all the remaining parameters remained fixed. The numerical simulation demonstrated that the mean emittance of the emitter reached 94% for the W-AlN-W structure in the wavelength range of 0.3−2.2 μm at normal incidence and 93% for the Mo-AlN-Mo structure in the wavelength range of 0.3−2.0 μm at normal incidence. Moreover, the nanostructured grating emitters with InGaAs band gaps of 0.55 eV and 0.62 eV at 1600 K attained 87% and 87.5% spectral efficiency, respectively. Furthermore, the designed metamaterial emitter was polarization independent and exhibited good emissivity over a wide range of incidence angles, from 0° to 75°. Surface plasmon polaritons, magnetic polaritons, and intrinsic metals show significant absorption at the cutoff wavelength. High mean emittance, polarization independence, easy fabrication, cost effectiveness, high spectral efficiency, and thermal stability are considered the most desirable elements of this work.
Design of a rotating fourier transform infrared spectrometer system
Authors: Chen Jian-sheng , Zhang Yu-jie , Zuo Yong , Wang Xin , Fan Xian-guang
Published: February 2025

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are the mainstay of modern infrared spectral analysis. While traditional FTIR spectrometers and new static FTIR spectrometers each have their strengths, they struggle to balance key performance metrics such as spectral measurement frequency, radiant flux, resolution, and coverage range. Our study has developed a novel FTIR spectrometers based on a rotating interferometer, capable of meeting the demands for high-sensitivity, real-time dynamic analysis of material composition in fields like precise biochemical reaction analysis. To address the non-linearity in optical path difference changes within interferometers, we’ve designed a new type of rotating interferometer that incorporates a single-frequency laser, enabling equal optical path difference interval sampling and thus preventing spectral errors. The system’s effectiveness and feasibility were validated through simulations and alcohol flame tests. This instrument boasts a high radiant flux, achieving a 100 Hz spectral measurement frequency, 4 cm−1 spectral resolution, and a 2–15 μm spectral coverage range.
Accretion with Back-Reaction onto Cylindrically Symmetric Black Hole with EnergyConditions Analysis
Authors: Moughal Muhammad Zubair Ali , Abbasi Kamran Qadir
Published: February 2025

This paper is devoted to study back-reaction effects from matter accretion onto a cylindricallysymmetric black hole using a perturbative scheme, focusing on cases where accretion reaches a quasisteady state. We examine three distinct models by deriving corrections to the metric coefficientsand obtaining expressions for the mass function. We analyze energy conditions, the self-consistencyof the corrected solution and present formulas for the corrected apparent horizon and discussed thermodynamic properties. Our results align with the Vaidya form near the apparent horizon, regardlessof the energy-momentum tensor’s form. Furthermore, we show that for a charged cylindrically symmetric black hole, the corrected mass term resembles that of the static case, indicating that chargedoes not alter the corrected metric form in this perturbative approach
Improved absolute frequency measurement of 171Yb at NMIJ with uncertainty below 2 × 10-16
Authors: Kobayashi Takumi , Nishiyama Akiko , Hosaka Kazumoto , Akamatsu Daisuke , Kawasaki Akio , Wada Masato , Inaba Hajime , Tanabe Takehiko , Yasuda Masami
Published: February 2025

We report improved absolute frequency measurement of the 1S0-3P0 transition of 171Yb at National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) by comparing the 171Yb optical lattice clock NMIJ-Yb1 with 13 Cs primary frequency standards via International Atomic Time from August 2021 to May 2023. The measured absolute frequency is 518 295 836 590 863.62(10) Hz with a fractional uncertainty of 1.9 × 10-16, in good agreement with the recommended frequency of 171Yb as a secondary representation of the second. This uncertainty is 2.6 times lower than our previous measurement uncertainty, and slightly lower than any uncertainties of the absolute frequency measurements of 171Yb that have so far been reported by other institutes. We also estimate correlation coefficients between our present and previous measurements, which is important for updating the recommended frequency.
The role of Rossby wave dynamics in spatially compounding heatwaves in mid-summer 2023
Authors: Liu Caihong , Gálfi Vera Melinda , Cai Fenying , Robinson Walter A , Coumou Dim
Published: February 2025

In July 2023, a series of heat extremes hit the Northern Hemisphere, which posed threats to vulnerable populations and societal infrastructure in Eastern Canada, the Mediterranean, and Central Asia. However, whether these record-shattering extremes were connected to each other remains unknown. Here we identify a dynamical linkage behind the spatiotemporal compounding nature of heatwaves over those three regions. By investigating the 2023 case and conducting historical analysis, we show that the Northern Hemispheric concurrent heatwaves in July 2023 can be attributed to a recurrent wave-6 pattern. In particular, pre-existing warmth and drought over Eastern Canada in early-July intensified the wave-6 teleconnection; which then led to extreme heatwaves over the Mediterranean and Central Asia in mid-July 2023. Furthermore, we reveal that the wave train was generated by early-July convection over the subtropical western Pacific. This, combined with the lowest May snow cover over North America in the past 40 years helped to warm Eastern Canada. Multiple models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 are able to simulate those compound extremes connected by the wave-6 pattern with a high inter-model agreement. Our research offers insights into record-breaking compounding heatwaves in disparate parts of world during the mid-summer of 2023, with implications for disaster decision-making and risk management.
Reply to Comment on ‘Pressure of Coulomb systems with volume-dependent long-range potentials’
Authors: Demyanov G S , Onegin A S , Levashov P R
Published: February 2025

This document is our reply to the Comment by Lei Li, Jiuyang Liang, and Zhenli Xu on our recent work (Onegin et al 2024 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
57 205002), where we investigated the pressure of classical Coulomb systems using the Ewald summation technique. The Comment raised concerns about our treatment of one- and two-component plasma systems, especially regarding the correctness of the derivation of formula (4.13) in Liang et al (2022 J. Chem. Phys.
157 144102), the contribution of the compensating background and calculations performed with LAMMPS. In this reply, we address each of these points in detail, demonstrating that our original findings remain valid.
Simple determination of dark states in a general multi-level system
Authors: Zhou Kaixuan , Wu June , Shi Junheng , Byrnes Tim
Published: February 2025

In a multi-level energy system with energy transitions, dark states are eigenstates of a Hamiltonian that consist entirely of ground states, with zero amplitude in the excited states. We present several criteria which allows one to deduce the presence of dark states in a general multi-level system based on the submatrices of the Hamiltonian. The dark states can be shown to be the right-singular vectors of the submatrix that connect the ground states to the excited states. Furthermore, we show a simple way of finding the dark state involving the determinant of a matrix constructed from the same submatrix.
Influence of different hydrocarbons on impurities and minority carrier lifetime in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers
Authors: Ghezellou Misagh , Lemva Ousdal Erlend , Bathen Marianne E , Vines Lasse , Ul-Hassan Jawad
Published: February 2025

This study explores the influence of different hydrocarbons, methane and propane, on the properties of 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown by chloride-based chemical vapor deposition. By systematically varying the C/Si and N/C ratios during epitaxial growth, and employing a comprehensive suite of characterization techniques, a better understanding of how growth conditions influence material properties is gained. We show that the n-type dopant incorporation strongly depends on the choice of hydrocarbon especially at lower doping levels. Furthermore, we have observed that methane contributes to a relatively longer carrier lifetime value compared to propane, though a similar lifetime limiting carbon vacancy defect concentration has been observed for both hydrocarbons in as-grown epitaxial layers. Moreover, additional defect levels are also suggested by deep-level transient spectroscopy, potentially related to chlorine complexes, with varying concentrations depending on the choice of hydrocarbon and C/Si ratio. These observations offer insights into the complicated interplay of factors influencing doping, minority carrier lifetime, and defect formation in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers during the epitaxial growth process, and contribute to the optimization of growth parameters depending on the application in question.
A novel monocular object detection and localization framework based on inverted multi-scale attention
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Xie Shiwen , Wu Yahua , Hu Huosheng
Published: February 2025

The observation angle of camera to target is non-orthogonal in wide applications of computer vision, which could result in the deviation between the image coordinates of the target and its actual position in the real world. This paper presents a novel monocular visual object detection and localization algorithm to address such a challenge to improve detection accuracy and reduce projection distortion in non-orthogonal camera angles. First, an inverted Efficient Multi-scale Attention (iEMA) module is proposed to strengthen the recognition capability of the algorithm for small objects. Second, a new feature extraction module, Dynamic Head Plus (DBS+), is created to better handle targets of different shapes. Third, Soft Intersection over Union (SIoU) is adopted as the bounding box regression function, enhancing the convergence speed and detection accuracy. Fourth, a nonlinear localization model is constructed to achieve monocular visual target localization by introducing angular increment. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm. Results show that the improved algorithm can enhance detection accuracy by 8.6%, recall by 5.3%, mAP by 13.3%, reduce the edge error by 3.4, and decrease the localization error by 9%. This paper is of great significance for improving the performance of monocular vision in non-orthogonal observation scenarios, and provides more effective algorithm support for the field of mobile object detection and localization.