bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A subset of low density granulocytes is associated with vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Carrillo-López Natalia , Ulloa Catalina , Seijo Mariana , Rodríguez-García Minerva , Rodríguez-Suárez Carmen , Díaz-Corte Carmen , Cannata-Andía Jorge B. , Suárez Ana , Dusso Adriana S.
Published: September 2019

Inflammation is central to chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathogenesis and vascular outcomes, but the exact players remain unidentified. Since low density granulocytes (LDGs) are emerging mediators in inflammatory conditions, we aimed to evaluate whether LDGs may be altered in CKD and related to clinical outcomes as biomarkers. To his end, LDGs subsets were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in 33 CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and 15 healthy controls (HC). Analyses were replicated in an additional cohort. DEF3 (marker of early granulopoiesis) gene expression on PBMCs was quantified by qPCR. Total CD15+LDGs and both CD14lowCD16+and CD14−CD16−subsets were expanded in CKD. The relative frequency of the CD14−CD16−subpopulation was higher among the CD15+pool in CKD. This alteration was stable over-time. The increased CD14−CD16−CD15+paralleled Kauppila scores and DEF3 expression, whereas no association was found with CD14lowCD16+CD15+. Both subsets differed in their CD11b, CD10, CD35, CD31, CD62L, IFNAR1 and CD68 expression, FSC/SSC features and nuclear morphology, pointing to different origins and maturation status. In conclusion, LDGs were expanded in CKD showing a skewed distribution towards a CD14−CD16−CD15+enrichment, in association with vascular calcification. DEF3 expression in PBMC can be a marker of LDG expansion.
Association of Maternal Preeclampsia with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Wen Yu-Hua , Yang Hwai-I. , Chou Hung-Chieh , Chen Chien-Yi , Hsieh Wu-Shiun , Tsou Kuo-Inn , Tsao Po-Nien ,   Taiwan Premature Infant Developmental Collaborative Study Group
Published: September 2019

Preeclampsia is a common cause of preterm birth and neonatal morbidity, but its relationship with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with data from very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants born in 1997–2014 from the database of the Premature Baby Foundation of Taiwan to evaluate the relationship between maternal preeclampsia and neonatal RDS. In total, 13,490 VLBW infants were enrolled, including 2200 (16.3%) infants born to preeclamptic mothers. The mean (standard deviation) gestational ages were 30.7 (2.5) weeks in the preeclamptic group and 28.6 (2.9) weeks in the control (non-preeclamptic) group. Severe RDS was defined according to the surfactant therapy requirement. The incidence of severe RDS was lower in infants exposed to maternal preeclampsia than in controls [28.9% vs. 44%; odds ratio (OR), 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.57]. However, after adjustment for confounders, the OR for severe RDS development in the preeclampsia group was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02–1.31). Other factors, such as gestational age, birth weight, female sex, and antenatal receipt of two or more steroid doses were significantly protective against RDS in multivariate regression analysis. This study revealed that maternal preeclampsia slightly increases the risk of severe RDS in VLBW infants.
Mechanical behaviour of alginate film with embedded voids under compression-decompression cycles
Authors: Banerjee Arindam , Ganguly Somenath
Published: September 2019

Voids of 300 µm diameter were embedded uniformly as monolayer in alginate gel film using a fluidic device. Voids of these dimensions in biopolymer gel film are desired for better transport of bioactive species and cell colonization in engineered tissues. In this article, the role of embedded voids in reducing compressive stress, hysteresis, and time scale of reheal vis-a-vis expulsion of pore fluid and its reabsorption upon reversal of load are reviewed. The cyclic loading was conducted with varying amplitude and frequency. The irreversible changes, if any in the gel structure under extreme compression were analyzed. The rate of expulsion of aqueous phase directly relates to the permeability of the gel film that is estimated here using simplified momentum and volumetric balance equations. The decrease in permeability with deformation is analyzed further, and the contribution of voids in this regard is discussed.
Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe3−xGeTe2
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Jun , Tao Jing , Zhu Yimei , Petrovic Cedomir
Published: September 2019

We present a comprehensive study on anisotropic magnetocaloric porperties of the van der Waals weak-itinerant ferromagnet Fe3−xGeTe2 that features gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in few-layer device. Intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy is observed to be temperature-dependent and most likely favors the long-range magnetic order in thin Fe3−xGeTe2 crsytal. The magnetic entropy change ΔSM also reveals an anisotropic characteristic between H//ab and H//c, which could be well scaled into a universal curve. The peak value $$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$−ΔSMmax of 1.20 J kg−1 K−1 and the corresponding adiabatic temperature change ΔTad of 0.66 K are deduced from heat capacity with out-of-plane field change of 5 T. By fitting of the field-dependent parameters of $$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$−ΔSMmax and the relative cooling power RCP, it gives $$-{\rm{\triangle }}{S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$−∆SMmax ∝ Hn with n = 0.603(6) and RCP ∝ Hm with m = 1.20(1) when H//c. Given the high and tunable Tc, Fe3−xGeTe2 crystals are of interest for fabricating the heterostructure-based spintronics device.
Capuchin and rhesus monkeys but not humans show cognitive flexibility in an optional-switch task
Authors: Watzek Julia , Pope Sarah M. , Brosnan Sarah F.
Published: September 2019

Learned rules help us accurately solve many problems, but by blindly following a strategy, we sometimes fail to find more efficient alternatives. Previous research found that humans are more susceptible to this “cognitive set” bias than other primates in a nonverbal computer task. We modified the task to test one hypothesis for this difference, that working memory influences the advantage of taking a shortcut. During training, 60 humans, 7 rhesus macaques, and 22 capuchin monkeys learned to select three icons in sequence. They then completed 96 baseline trials, in which only this learned rule could be used, and 96 probe trials, in which they could also immediately select the final icon. Rhesus and capuchin monkeys took this shortcut significantly more often than humans. Humans used the shortcut more in this new, easier task than in previous work, but started using it significantly later than the monkeys. Some participants of each species also used an intermediate strategy; they began the learned rule but switched to the shortcut after selecting the first item in the sequence. We suggest that these species differences arise from differences in rule encoding and in the relative efficiency of exploiting a familiar strategy versus exploring alternatives.
Physical Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study in General Population
Authors: Jin Moo-Nyun , Yang Pil-Sung , Song Changho , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Sung Jung-Hoon , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Joung Boyoung
Published: September 2019

Although exercise prevents cardiovascular disease and mortality, vigorous exercise and endurance athletics can cause atrial fibrillation (AF). However, no large cohort study has assessed the relationship between physical activity and AF in the general population. We assessed the effect of physical activity at different energy expenditures on the incidence of AF. We studied 501,690 individuals without pre-existing AF (mean age, 47.6 ± 14.3 years; 250,664 women [50.0%]) included in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The physical activity level was assessed using a standardized self-reported questionnaire at baseline. During a median follow-up of 4 years, 3,443 participants (1,432 women [41.6%]) developed AF. The overall incidence of AF at follow-up was 1.79 per 1,000 person-years. The subjects who met the recommended physical activity level (500–1,000 metabolic equivalent task [MET] minutes/week) had a 12% decreased AF risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.97), but not the insufficiently (1–500 MET-minutes/week; HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.03) and highly active subjects (≥1,000 MET-minutes/week; HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85–1.03). The recommended minimum key target range of physical activity level was associated with the maximum benefit for reduced AF risk in the general population. The dose-response relationship between physical activity level and AF risk showed a U-shaped pattern. Although exceeding the key target range attenuated this benefit, it did not increase the AF risk beyond that during inactivity.
Sub-Geometric Phases in Density Matrices
Authors: Wang Zheng-Chuan
Published: September 2019

This study presents the generalization of geometric phases in density matrices. We show that the extended sub-geometric phase has an unified expression during the adiabatic or nonadiabatic process and establish the relations between them and the usual Berry or Aharonov-Anandan phases. We also demonstrate the influence of sub-geometric phases on the physical observables. Finally, the above treatment is used to investigate the geometric phase in a mixed state.
Demonstration of the key substrate-dependent charge transfer mechanisms between monolayer MoS2 and molecular dopants
Authors: Park Soohyung , Schultz Thorsten , Xu Xiaomin , Wegner Berthold , Aljarb Areej , Han Ali , Li Lain-Jong , Tung Vincent C. , Amsalem Patrick , Koch Norbert
Published: September 2019

Tuning the Fermi level (EF) in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors is crucial for optimizing their application in (opto-)electronic devices. Doping by molecular electron acceptors and donors has been suggested as a promising method to achieve EF-adjustment. Here, we demonstrate that the charge transfer (CT) mechanism between TMDC and molecular dopant depends critically on the electrical nature of the substrate as well as its electronic coupling with the TMDC. Using angle-resolved ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we reveal three fundamentally different, substrate-dependent CT mechanisms between the molecular electron acceptor 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluoro-tetracyano-naphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) and a MoS2 monolayer. Our results demonstrate that any substrate that acts as charge reservoir for dopant molecules can prohibit factual doping of a TMDC monolayer. On the other hand, the three different CT mechanisms can be exploited for the design of advanced heterostructures, exhibiting tailored electronic properties in (opto-)electronic devices based on two-dimensional semiconductors.
Palm-size and one-inch gel electrophoretic device for reliable and field-applicable analysis of recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Rathore Himankshi , Biyani Radhika , Kato Hirotomo , Takamura Yuzuru , Biyani Manish
Published: September 2019

A newly designed handheld one-inch gel electrophoresis-based detection system and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) can revolutionize nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostics for people in settings with poor healthcare infrastructure.
Synergistic bimetallic CoFe2O4clusters supported on graphene for ambient electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen to ammonia
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Ibrar , Chen Sheng , Ren Wenhao , Chen Xianjue , Zhao Chuan
Published: September 2019

Bimetallic CoFe2O4clusters supported on graphene act as highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for ambient electrocatalytic ammonia production.
MARTINI-based simulation method for step-growth polymerization and its analysis by size exclusion characterization: a case study of cross-linked polyurethane
Authors: Ghermezcheshme Hassan , Makki Hesam , Mohseni Mohsen , Ebrahimi Morteza , de With Gijsbertus
Published: September 2019

Network formation mechanisms for cross-linked polyurethane with and without dangling chains.
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy from the gas to liquid phase: density dependentJ-scrambling, vibrational relaxation, and the onset of liquid character
Authors: Ng Pack Greg , Rotondaro Matthew C. , Shah Parth P. , Mandal Aritra , Erramilli Shyamsunder , Ziegler L. D.
Published: September 2019

Ultrafast 2DIR reveals rotational relaxation rates, critical slowing effects, and co-existence of free rotor and liquid populations in supercritical fluids.
Ultranarrow heterojunctions of armchair-graphene nanoribbons as resonant-tunnelling devices
Authors: Sánchez-Ochoa F. , Zhang Jie , Du Yueyao , Huang Zhiwei , Canto G. , Springborg Michael , Cocoletzi Gregorio H.
Published: September 2019

Armchair-graphene nanoribbons heterojunctions are revealed as extremely narrow resonant-tunnelling devices. This is supported by spin-polarized density functional theory calculations combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism.
Ground and excited state properties of furanoflavylium derivatives
Authors: Alejo-Armijo Alfonso , Basílio Nuno , Freitas Adilson A. , Maçanita António L. , Lima João C. , Parola A. Jorge , Pina Fernando
Published: September 2019

While in the ground state the proton at the hydroxyl in position 4′ is more acidic, in the excited state it is the proton at the hydroxyl in position 7.
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of pincer-type iridium complexes having gallyl- and indyl-metalloligands utilizing 2,5-bis(6-phosphino-2-pyridyl)pyrrolide as a new scaffold for metal–metal bonds
Authors: Takaya Jun , Hoshino Mayuko , Ueki Kanako , Saito Narumasa , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: September 2019

The synthesis and structural analyses of pincer-type iridium complexes having gallyl- and indyl-metalloligands were achieved utilizing 2,5-bis(6-phosphino-2-pyridyl)pyrrolide as a new scaffold for metal–metal bonds.
Heterointerface engineering for enhancing the electrochemical performance of solid oxide cells
Authors: Zhao Chenhuan , Li Yifeng , Zhang Wenqiang , Zheng Yun , Lou Xiaoming , Yu Bo , Chen Jing , Chen Yan , Liu Meilin , Wang Jianchen
Published: September 2019

This article overviews the latest developments in enhancing the conductivity, electro-catalytic activity, and stability of SOC materials through heterointerface engineering.
A “PDMS-in-water” emulsion enables mechanochemically robust superhydrophobic surfaces with self-healing nature
Authors: Ge Mingzheng , Cao Chunyan , Liang Fanghua , Liu Rong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Wei , Zhu Tianxue , Yi Bo , Tang Yuxin , Lai Yuekun
Published: September 2019

A “PDMS-in-water” emulsion approach is developed to construct a mechanochemically robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric with intelligent self-healing nature against intensive mechanical damage.
Supramolecular synthesis and characterization of crystalline solids obtained from the reaction of 5-fluorocytosine with nitro compounds
Authors: Souza Matheus S. , Diniz Luan F. , Alvarez Natalia , da Silva Cecília C. P. , Ellena Javier
Published: September 2019

In this manuscript we introduce a broad solid-state characterization of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) solid forms obtained with picric (PA) and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic (DNSA) nitro acids.
Enantioselective formation of quaternary carbon stereocenters in natural product synthesis: a recent update
Authors: Li Chengxi , Ragab Sherif Shaban , Liu Guodu , Tang Wenjun
Published: September 2019

The enantioselective formation of quaternary carbon stereocenters in complex natural product synthesis in the latest six years is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the analysis of the stereochemical model of each enantioselective transformation.
Degradation of PVC waste into a flexible polymer by chemical modification using DINP moieties
Authors: Lu Lihui , Kumagai Shogo , Kameda Tomohito , Luo Ligang , Yoshioka Toshiaki
Published: September 2019

We propose a chemical modification method to produce flexible PVC with DINP moieties.
Impact of an aryl bulky group on a one-pot reaction of aldehyde with malononitrile and N-substituted 2-cyanoacetamide
Authors: Vala Ruturajsinh M. , Patel Divyang M. , Sharma Mayank G. , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: September 2019

Impact of aryl bulky group on the one-pot reaction of aldehyde with malononitrile and N-substituted 2-cyanoacetamide is examined in the presence of piperidinium acetate as reusable catalyst.
Synthesis and reactivity of a trigonal porous nanographene on a gold surface
Authors: Zuzak Rafal , Pozo Iago , Engelund Mads , Garcia-Lekue Aran , Vilas-Varela Manuel , Alonso José M. , Szymonski Marek , Guitián Enrique , Pérez Dolores , Godlewski Szymon , Peña Diego
Published: September 2019

Synthesis of a triporous nanographene with 102 sp2 carbon atoms by combining solution and surface chemistry.
Two-dimensional hexagonal SnS2 nanostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and dye degradation
Authors: Damkale Shubhangi R. , Arbuj Sudhir S. , Umarji Govind G. , Panmand Rajendra P. , Khore Supriya K. , Sonawane Ravindra S. , Rane Sunit B. , Kale Bharat B.
Published: September 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal tin disulfide (SnS2) nanostructures were prepared via a hydrothermal method using ethylenediamine as a capping agent.
Thin film oxide-ion conducting electrolyte for near room temperature applications
Authors: Garbayo Iñigo , Chiabrera Francesco , Alayo Nerea , Santiso José , Morata Alex , Tarancón Albert
Published: September 2019

Stabilized bismuth vanadate thin films are presented here as superior oxide ionic conductors, for application in solid state electrochemical devices operating near room temperature.
In silicohigh throughput screening of bimetallic and single atom alloys using machine learning andab initiomicrokinetic modelling
Authors: Saxena Shivam , Khan Tuhin Suvra , Jalid Fatima , Ramteke Manojkumar , Haider M. Ali
Published: September 2019

The advent of machine learning (ML) techniques in solving problems related to materials science and chemical engineering is driving expectations to give faster predictions of material properties.
I6P7 peptide modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging detection of low-grade brain gliomas
Authors: Tan Junyi , Sun Weitong , Lu Liejing , Xiao Zecong , Wei Huiye , Shi Wanqi , Wang Yong , Han Shisong , Shuai Xintao
Published: September 2019

An interleukin-6 receptor targeting superparamagnetic iron oxide was developed for use as an MRI nanoprobe to penetrate the blood brain barrier and detect orthotopic low-grade gliomas.
A hierarchical nanostructural coating of amorphous silicon nitride on polyetheretherketone with antibacterial activity and promoting responses of rBMSCs for orthopedic applications
Authors: Xu Zhiyan , Wu Han , Wang Fan , Kaewmanee Rames , Pan Yongkang , Wang Deqiang , Qu Pengyu , Wang Zhikang , Hu Gangfeng , Zhao Jun , Zhao Ruiyang , Wei Jie
Published: September 2019

A hierarchical nanostructural coating of amorphous SN on a PEEK surface was prepared by ICPECVD which exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity.
Uremic serum-induced calcification of human aortic smooth muscle cells is a regulated process involving Klotho and RUNX2
Authors: Patidar Ashish , Singh Dhruv K. , Thakur Shori , Farrington Ken , Baydoun Anwar R.
Published: September 2019

Vascular calcification (VC) is common in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is an active process involving transdifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into osteogenic phenotype. We investigated the ability of serum from CKD subjects to induce calcification in human SMCs in vitro (calcific potential of sera: CP), and associated changes in expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), SM22α, and Klotho. Sera from subjects with CKD (18 stage 3, 17 stage 4/5, and 29 stage 5D) and 20 controls were added to human cultured SMCs and CP quantified. The CP of CKD sera was greater (P<0.01) than that of controls, though not influenced by CKD stage. Modification of diet in renal disease estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD-4 eGFR) (P<0.001), serum phosphate (P=0.042), receptor activator of nuclear factor κappa-B ligand (RANKL) (P=0.001), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P=0.014), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/cholesterol ratio (P=0.026) were independent predictors of CP accounting for 45% of variation. Adding calcification buffer (CB: calcium chloride [7 mM] and β-glycerophosphate [7 mM]) increased the CP of control sera to approximate that of CKD sera. CP of CKD sera was unchanged. CKD sera increased RUNX2 expression (P<0.01) in human SMCs and decreased SM22α expression (P<0.05). Co-incubating control but not CKD serum with CB further increased RUNX2 expression (P<0.01). Both SM22α and Klotho expression decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the presence of CKD serum, and were virtually abolished with stage 5D sera. These findings support active regulation by CKD serum of in vitro VC by induction of RUNX2 and suppression of SM22α and Klotho.
Resistance characteristics of CTX-M typeShigella flexneriin China
Authors: Bian Fengzhi , Yao Mingxiao , Fu Hongmei , Yuan Guangying , Wu Shuzhi , Sun Yuguo
Published: September 2019

The present study was to identify the drug resistance, resistance mechanism and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) genotypes of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) in Jinan. Susceptibility tests were performed by MIC-determination. The genotypes of β-lactamase were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing. The resistance transfer ability of the ESBL-producing strains was examined by conjugation tests. A total of 105 S. flexneri isolates were collected, and 34 (32.4%) were ESBL-producing isolates. All ESBL-producing isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem, and 35.3% isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. ESBL-producing isolates showed high level resistant to ampicillin (100%), cefotaxime (100%), tetracycline (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%), ceftazidime (73.5%) and cefepime (73.5%). Three types of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaOXA and blaCTX-M) were identified in all ESBL-producing isolates, and the genotypes were confirmed as blaTEM-1 (23/34), blaOXA-30 (34/34), blaCTX-M-14 (9/34) and blaCTX-M-15 (25/34) by sequencing. In conclusion, the Shigella strains isolated in Jinan are cross-resistant and multi-drug resistant. The main genotypes of ESBLs are CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15.
Angiotensin 1-7 alleviates aging-associated muscle weakness and bone loss, but is not associated with accelerated aging in ACE2-knockout mice
Authors: Nozato Satoko , Yamamoto Koichi , Takeshita Hikari , Nozato Yoichi , Imaizumi Yuki , Fujimoto Taku , Yokoyama Serina , Nagasawa Motonori , Takeda Masao , Hongyo Kazuhiro , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Sugimoto Ken , Mogi Masaki , Horiuchi Masatsugu , Rakugi Hiromi
Published: September 2019

The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-angiotensin 1-7 (A1-7)-A1-7 receptor (Mas) axis plays a protective role in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). We recently found that ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO) mice exhibit earlier aging-associated muscle weakness, and that A1-7 alleviates muscle weakness in aging mice. In the present study, we investigated the role of the A1-7-Mas pathway in the effect of ACE2 on physiological aging. Male wild-type, ACE2KO, and Mas knockout (MasKO) mice were subjected to periodical grip strength measurement, followed by administration of A1-7 or vehicle for 4 weeks at 24 months of age. ACE2KO mice exhibited decreased grip strength after 6 months of age, while grip strength of MasKO mice was similar to that of wild-type mice. A1-7 improved grip strength in ACE2KO and wild-type mice, but not in MasKO mice. Muscle fibre size was smaller in ACE2KO mice than that in wild-type and MasKO mice, and increased with A1-7 in ACE2KO and WT mice, but not in MasKO mice. Centrally nucleated fibres (CNFs) and expression of the senescence-associated gene p16INK4a in skeletal muscles were enhanced only in ACE2KO mice and were not altered by A1-7. ACE2KO mice, but not MasKO mice, exhibited thinning of peripheral fat along with increased adipose expression of p16INK4a. A1-7 significantly increased bone volume in wild-type and ACE2KO mice, but not in MasKO mice. Our findings suggest that the impact of ACE2 on physiological aging does not depend on the endogenous production of A1-7 by ACE2, while overactivation of the A1-7-Mas pathway could alleviate sarcopenia and osteoporosis in aged mice.
A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss
Authors: Brown Michelle I. , Trembath David , Westerveld Marleen F. , Gillon Gail T.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL.

Method

Four mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis.

Results

Statistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills.

Conclusion

The findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.
Not All Nonverbal Tasks Are Equally Nonverbal: Comparing Two Tasks in Bilingual Kindergartners With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Durant Kathleen , Peña Elizabeth , Peña Anna , Bedore Lisa M. , Muñoz María R.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study investigates the interaction of language ability status, cultural experience, and nonverbal cognitive skill performance in Spanish–English bilinguals with typical development (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method

One hundred sixty-nine Spanish–English bilingual kindergartener's scores on the Symbolic Memory and Cube Design subtests from the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (Bracken & McCallum, 1998) were analyzed by language ability (TD vs. DLD).

Results

ttests and analysis of variance showed bilingual children with TD and DLD performed comparably to the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test norming sample on the cube design task, while children with DLD had significantly lower performance on the symbolic memory task.

Conclusion

These results suggest that cultural experience minimally impacted performance for bilingual children with typically developing language. Bilingual children with DLD were differentially impacted on symbolic memory, a task that is verbally mediated despite nonverbal administration and performance. Findings are discussed within the Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory of cognitive abilities.
Effect of galaxy mergers on star-formation rates
Authors: Pearson W. J. , Wang L. , Alpaslan M. , Baldry I. , Bilicki M. , Brown M. J. I. , Grootes M. W. , Holwerda B. W. , Kitching T. D. , Kruk S. , van der Tak F. F. S.
Published: September 2019

Context. Galaxy mergers and interactions are an integral part of our basic understanding of how galaxies grow and evolve over time. However, the effect that galaxy mergers have on star-formation rates (SFRs) is contested, with observations of galaxy mergers showing reduced, enhanced, and highly enhanced star formation.

Aims. We aim to determine the effect of galaxy mergers on the SFR of galaxies using statistically large samples of galaxies, totalling over 200 000, which is over a large redshift range from 0.0 to 4.0.

Methods. We trained and used convolutional neural networks to create binary merger identifications (merger or non-merger) in the SDSS, KiDS, and CANDELS imaging surveys. We then compared the SFR, with the galaxy main sequence subtracted, of the merging and non-merging galaxies to determine what effect, if any, a galaxy merger has on SFR.

Results. We find that the SFR of merging galaxies are not significantly different from the SFR of non-merging systems. The changes in the average SFR seen in the star-forming population when a galaxy is merging are small, of the order of a factor of 1.2. However, the higher the SFR is above the galaxy main sequence, the higher the fraction is for galaxy mergers.

Conclusions. Galaxy mergers have little effect on the SFR of the majority of merging galaxies compared to the non-merging galaxies. The typical change in SFR is less than 0.1 dex in either direction. Larger changes in SFR can be seen but are less common. The increase in merger fraction as the distance above the galaxy main sequence increases demonstrates that galaxy mergers can induce starbursts.
Tectono-metamorphic evolution of shallow crustal levels within active volcanic arcs. Insights from the exhumed Basal Complex of Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe, French West Indies)
Authors: Favier Alexiane , Lardeaux Jean-Marc , Legendre Lucie , Verati Chrystele , Philippon Melody , Corsini Michel , Münch Philippe , Ventalon Sandra
Published: September 2019

In order to decipher the tectono-metamorphic evolution of shallow crustal levels of the active volcanic arc of the Guadeloupe archipelago (Lesser Antilles) we present new geochemical, geochronological, mineralogical and structural investigations of the so-called Basal Complex, the oldest and most eroded volcanic complex of Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe. Based on geochemical and mineralogical criteria we propose an updated geological map of this northern area of Basse-Terre. Using40Ar–39Ar geochronology we demonstrate first that the eroded “Gros Morne” of Deshaies belong to the Basal Complex, and second that this complex is characterized by 4.3 to 2 Ma old volcanism. Structural analysis reveals a long-lived deformation history with the development through time of N80-N100 schistose zones; N110-N140 and N160-N10 oriented hydrothermal breccias and N140-N150 brittle normal faults. The boundary between the Basal Complex and the southernmost Septentrional Chain corresponds to a series of faults with N 150° and N 50° main directions. Detailed mineralogical and petrological investigations, including thermodynamic modeling, allow the identification of three phases of post-magmatic mineralogical transformations with first a high-temperature stage under Greenschist to sub-Greenschist facies conditions (0.6–2 kbar for 250–300 °C), a re-equilibration under Zeolite facies conditions and finally a sub-surface alteration. The consistency between P–T conditions of metamorphism and the present day measured geothermal gradient demonstrates that the metamorphic pattern is the record of hydrothermal fluids circulation during building and cooling of the Lesser Antilles magmatic arc. The tectono-metamorphic evolution recognized in the Basal Complex enables us to propose a conceptual model for heat and fluid transport within shallow crustal levels of the Guadeloupe active volcanic arc.
Study of the orientational ordering in the field-induced intermedate phase from the SmC *Fi2 phase in chiral smectic liquid crystals
Authors: Dhaouadi Hassen , Riahi Oussama , Zgueb Rihab , Trabelsi Fedia , Othman Tahar
Published: September 2019

Under an electric field, chiral smectic liquid crystals transit usually to the unwound SmC* phase where the helical structure is completely unrolled. Sometimes the sample transits initially towards an intermediate polar state before the total destruction of the helix. The discovery of this intermediate phase opens a promising field of application especially in the field of color displays. This gives importance to the study and the characterization of this new phase. Based on the extension of the Hammaneh-Taylor model (H&T model), a theoretical study of these field-induced phase transitions was carried out. Two hypotheses of the dynamics that give rise appearance of the intermediate phase have been discussed. Numerical analysis confirms the known experimental results; the intermediate phase has a three-layer periodicity structure.
Clinical illness and outcomes in Nigerian children with persistent early-appearing anaemia following initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria
Authors: Akano Kazeem , Fatunmbi Bayo , Ntadom Godwin , Ayede Adejumoke I. , Aderoyeje Temitope , Bakre Adewale , Alebiosu Omobolaji T. , Akpoborie Odafe , Okafor Chukwuebuka , Gbotosho Grace O. , Folarin Onikepe A. , Ebenebe Joy C. , Ambe Jose , Wammanda Robinson , Jiya Nma , Finomo Finomo , Emechebe George , Mokuolu Olugbenga , Agomo Chimere , Oguche Stephen , Happi Christian , Sowunmi Akintunde
Published: September 2019

In non-anaemic children with malaria, early-appearing anaemia (EAA) is common following artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) and it may become persistent (PEAA). The factors contributing to and kinetics of resolution of the deficit in haematocrit from baseline (DIHFB) characteristic of ACTs-related PEAA were evaluated in 540 consecutive children with malaria treated with artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Asymptomatic PEAA occurred in 62 children. In a multiple logistic regression model, a duration of illness ≤3 days before presentation, haematocrit <35% before and <25% one day after treatment initiation, drug attributable fall in haematocrit ≥6%, and treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine independently predicted PEAA. Overall, mean DIHFB was 5.7% (95% CI 4.8–6.6) 7 days after treatment initiation and was similar for all treatments. Time to 90% reduction in DIHFB was significantly longer in artemether-lumefantrine-treated children compared with other treatments. In a one compartment model, declines in DIHFB were monoexponential with overall mean estimated half-time of 3.9 days (95% CI 2.6–5.1), Cmax of 7.6% (95% CI 6.7–8.4), and Vd of 0.17 L/kg (95% CI 0.04–0.95). In Bland-Altman analyses, overall mean anaemia recovery time (AnRT) of 17.4 days (95% CI 15.5–19.4) showed insignificant bias with 4, 5 or 6 multiples of half-time of DIHFB. Ten children after recovery from PEAA progressed to late-appearing anaemia (LAA). Progression was associated with female gender and artesunate-amodiaquine treatment. Asymptomatic PEAA is common following ACTs. PEAA or its progression to LAA may have implications for case and community management of anaemia and for anaemia control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa where ACTs have become first-line antimalarials.

Trial registration: Pan Africa Clinical Trial Registration PACTR201709002064150, 1 March 2017 http://www.pactr.org
Entwicklung des Instruments „Cologne Culture ADL“ zur Erfassung der Alltagskompetenz in der Demenzdiagnostik von deutschen und türkischen Menschen
Authors: Seven Ümran Sema , Ilcin Sümeyya , Kessler Josef , Kalbe Elke
Published: September 2019

Hintergrund Die Erfassung der Alltagsaktivitäten (Activities of Daily Living, ADL) stößt im Rahmen der Demenzdiagnostik bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund auf Grenzen, da bisherige Skalen sprachliche, bildungsspezifische, kulturell-religiöse und Lifestyle-Faktoren kaum berücksichtigen.

Ziel der Studie Ziel ist die Entwicklung der „Cologne Culture ADL“ (CC-ADL), die kulturell-religiöse Lifestyle-Aspekte sowie die zunehmende Digitalisierung im Alltag berücksichtigt und für deutsche und türkischstämmige Migrantinnen und Migranten geeignet ist.

Methoden Zur Generierung von ADL-Items wurden qualitative Interviews (N = 15) mit kognitiv nicht eingeschränkten deutschen und türkischen Probanden geführt und eine erste Skalenversion des Instruments entwickelt, die erneut bei kognitiv nicht eingeschränkten deutschen (n = 197) und türkischen Probanden (n = 53) angewandt wurde. Auf Basis einer Itemanalyse entstand die gekürzte ADL-Skala, die Einschränkungen der „Kognition“, „Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL)“ und „Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)“ erfragt – bei türkischen Probanden kommen Fragen zum muslimischen Gebet hinzu. Zum Ausschluss von kognitiven Störungen und Depressionen wurden der Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), die Geriatrische Depressionsskala (GDS) und zur Skalen-Validierung die Bayer-ADL angewandt.

Ergebnisse Der Alltag von deutschen und türkischen Menschen unterschied sich in Aspekten der religiösen Alltagsgestaltung sowie im Hinblick auf kulturell-gesellschaftliche Aktivitäten, die in der CC-ADL berücksichtigt werden. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse bezüglich der internen Konsistenz ergab für die Subskalen: „Kognition“ (Deutsche α = .43; Türken α = .80); BADL (Deutsche α = .55; Türken α = −.04); IADL (Deutsche α = .91; Türken α = .83); Gebetsitems (Türken) α = .73. Die Korrelation des CC-ADL-Gesamtscores mit der Bayer-ADL beträgt für deutsche Personen ρ = .347 (p < .00) und für türkische Personen ρ =.520 (p < .01).

Schlussfolgerung Die Entwicklung dieser für Migranten geeigneten ADL-Skala kann eine wichtige Lücke in der Demenzdiagnostik schließen. Zur Entwicklung einer finalen Version der CC-ADL bedarf es weiterer Daten von kognitiv gesunden Probandinnen / Probanden und Patientinnen / Patienten (Mild Cognitive Impairment und Demenz).
„Bei der Akademisierung wird niemand auf der Strecke bleiben“ – Prof. Dr. Annette Probst über Regelstudiengänge
Authors: Mischner Julia , Probst Annette
Published: September 2019

Als Sprecherin des Fachbereichstags Therapiewissenschaften setzt sich Prof. Dr. Annette Probst dafür ein, dass Therapeuten in Zukunft ihre Ausbildung an Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften absolvieren. Warum die Einführung von Regelstudiengängen in den Gesundheitsfachberufen so wichtig für die gesundheitliche Versorgung in Deutschland ist, hat sie physiopraxis im Interview erklärt.
Wenn Stress den Körper stresst – Belastungslevel einordnen
Authors: Boettcher Edmund
Published: September 2019

Es gibt Patienten, da führt die Therapie einfach nicht zum gewünschten Ergebnis. Eine Besserung bleibt aus, die Behandlung wirkungslos. Therapeuten kann es dann helfen, bei möglichen Ursachen auch an ein stressbedingtes Verhalten des Patienten zu denken – meist lässt sich dieses anhand typischer Merkmale schnell identifizieren.
Schmerzen besser erkennen – S3-Leitlinie zum Schmerzassessment bei Älteren
Authors: Laekeman Marjan
Published: September 2019

Die S3-Leitlinie „Schmerzassessment bei älteren Menschen in der vollstationären Altenhilfe“ liefert hilfreiche Vorgaben für das multiprofessionelle Team. Marjan Laekeman hat an der Leitlinie mitgeschrieben und für diesen physiopraxis-Artikel die für Physiotherapeuten wichtigsten Empfehlungen zusammengefasst.
Patienten im Akutstadium abweisen – Herpesviren-Infektionen
Authors: Baumgärtner Martina
Published: September 2019

Jeder Mensch trägt Herpesviren in sich. Doch nur bei wenigen lösen die Erreger auch Krankheiten aus. Diese können, abhängig vom Virentyp, harmlos oder komplizierter verlaufen. Weil einige der acht Herpesarten im Akutstadium auch ansteckend sind, sollten Therapeuten Patienten in dieser Zeit abweisen.
Schulterpatienten erfolgreich therapieren – ein
Fallbeispiel
Authors: Dillenburger Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Ein verzweifelter Patient kommt in die Praxis. Laut Aussage des Arztes hat er
mehrere „Baustellen“ in seinem Körper und es scheint so, als gäbe es nur einen
operativen Ausweg. Mittels eines strukturierten Vorgehens der modernen Manuellen
Therapie lernt der Patient schlussendlich, mit seinem Problem adäquat
umzugehen.
Physiotherapie der Rotatorenmanschette – ein
mehrdimensionaler Ansatz
Authors: Egmond Dick , Orphal Sebastian , Brouwer Anne
Published: September 2019

Die schmerzhafte Struktur bei Patienten mit einem Rotatorenmanschettensyndrom
(RMS) zu differenzieren, ist aufgrund der anatomischen Gegebenheiten kaum
möglich. Daher leitet vor allem die klinische Untersuchung inklusive dynamischer
Inspektion und Reduktionstests die Therapeuten im Clinical Reasoning Prozess.
Verschiedene Protokollprofile, basierend auf der klinischen Präsentation von
Patienten mit RMS, bieten Therapeuten einen weiteren Hinweis für die
Strukturierung des Behandlungsplans.
Echter Mehrwert für die Praxis – Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement
Authors: Bücks Björn
Published: September 2019

Wie lässt sich Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement in Ihrer Praxis zielorientiert angehen? Der Beitrag zeigt, wie Sie den Entwicklungsprozess konkret in Gang setzen können, welche Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stehen und welche betrieblichen Vorteile sich aus der Umsetzung eines BGM für Ihre Praxis ergeben.
Ground State Cross-Coupling of Haloarenes with Arenes Initiated by Organic Electron Donors, Formed in situ: An Overview
Authors: Nocera Giuseppe , Murphy John A.
Published: September 2019

Many reactions have been discovered that lead to coupling of haloarenes to arenes using potassium tert-butoxide as the base, and one of a variety of organic compounds as an additive. The organic additive reacts with the base to form a strong organic electron donor in situ that initiates a base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) coupling reaction, by converting the haloarene into an aryl radical. This brief report presents an overview of the wide range of organic additives that can be used, and the organic electron donors that they form.
A Metathetic Approach to [5/5/6] Aza-Tricyclic Core of Dendrobine, Kopsanone, and Lycopalhine A Type of Alkaloids
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Pulletikurti Sunil
Published: September 2019

A concise synthetic approach to [5/5/6] tricyclic pyrrolidine core of dendrobine is reported. This methodology relies on the construction of β-hydroxylactams by NaBH4-I2 reduction followed by reaction of allylsilane with the aid of Lewis acid to generate alkenyl lactams in good yields. Further, ring-opening metathesis (ROM) followed by ring-closing metathesis (RCM) were used to assemble the [5/5/6] aza-tricyclic skeleton of dendrobine. This short synthetic route has been expanded to assemble tricyclic [5/5/8] system with pentenylboronic acid.
Screening of Hearing Impairment in High-Risk Neonates: A Study at Dr. R.N. Cooper Hospital and H.B.T. Medical College
Authors: Panjiyar Megha Mukund , Bhargava Samir K , Shetty Neeraj R , Mhashal Shashikant , Gite Vinod
Published: September 2019

Introduction The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hearing impairment in high-risk neonates born in Dr. R.N. Cooper Hospital and H.B.T Medical College and establish the fact that high-risk neonates have higher prevalence of hearing impairment compared with normal population.

Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year starting from March 2016 and involved three-stage screening of 410 neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Dr. R.N. Cooper Municipal General Hospital and H.B.T Medical College, Vile Parle (west), Mumbai. All enrolled neonateswere screened by a three-stage screening mechanism. First otoacoustic emission (OAE-1) screening was done within 24 to 72 hours of birth. Parents of neonates referred by OAE-1 were instructed to come back within 28 days for repeat OAE test (OAE-2). Those referred by OAE-2 were asked to come back after further 2 months for brainstem-evoked response audiometry. Data collected in the study were processed using Microsoft Excel.

Results and Conclusion In the current study, out of 410 neonates who were screened by a three-stage screening mechanism, five including three girls and two boys were found to be suffering from profound sensorineural hearing loss. Observed prevalence of 12.20 (or 12 on rounding off to nearest digit) per 1000 in high-risk neonates is much higher compared with the prevalence of 1 to 6 per 1000 live births in overall population as reported by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Harvesting waste heat from molten carbonate fuel cells for bifunction applications
Authors: Guo Yanhong , Guo Xinru , Zhang Houcheng , Wang Fu , Wang Jiatang , Zhao Jiapei , Miao He , Yuan Jinliang
Published: September 2019

A generic combined system composed primarily of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and an absorption cycle is proposed, in which the absorption cycle can operate as either an absorption heat pump (AHP) for heat amplification or an absorption refrigerator (APR) for cooling applications. The equivalent power output and efficiency expressions for the combined system are formulated by considering various electrochemical-thermodynamic irreversible losses within and between each subsystem. As a result, the generic performance characteristics are revealed, and the optimum criteria are determined. When the absorption cycle operates as an AHP or an APR, the maximum achievable power densities of the combined system are 21.23% and 10.2% higher than those of a single MCFC, respectively. Furthermore, comprehensive parametric studies are performed to show the dependency of the combined system performance on some of the important operating conditions and composite parameters.
Electronic bandgap of water in the superionic and plasma phases
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Shu Hua , Sun Yi , Zhang Hang , Yang Jing , Wu Qiang , Hu Jianbo
Published: September 2019

Water has been proposed to be one of the main compositions of icy giant planets like Neptune and Uranus. Its thermodynamic states and transport properties at extremes are of interest not only to constrain the interior models but also to understand abnormal magnetic fields of planets. The electronic bandgap of water, which significantly influences the ionization ratio and the conductivity, however, is still under debate. In this work, we revisit the shock reflectivity data reported in the literature. By applying a Drude model, the electronic bandgap of water in the superionic and plasma phases is determined to be 4.4 ± 0.2 eV, in contrast to the threshold of 1.25 ± 0.04 eV for free ion generation in the molecular and ionic fluid phases. Interestingly, the bandgap of water does not show a significant tendency of “closure” with the increase in pressure or temperature in the investigated regime, and the bandgap value is consistent with the predicted value of 4–6 eV by the density functional theory assuming a hybrid Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof functional [Millot et al., Nat. Phys. 14, 297–302 (2018)]. The electronic bandgap and the energy threshold determined in this work provide essential parameters for estimating the conductivity along the radius of Neptune and Uranus and will promote our understanding of the origin of the abnormal magnetic fields.
Design and performance of closed cycle sample cooling stage for angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy capable of reaching temperatures below 2 K
Authors: Schrunk Benjamin , Huang Lunan , Wu Yun , Mou Daixang , Lee Kyung chan , Jo Na Hyun , Kaminski Adam
Published: September 2019

We have designed, constructed, and tested a unique cold finger suitable for angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. This design is based on in situ helium reliquification and utilizes pulse tube cryocooler. The pulse tube can be removed for baking without breaking Ultra High Vacuum (UHV). This design also allows the use of non-UHV heater that can be replaced without the need to vent the system. The cold finger has minimal vibration, operates over a temperature range of 1.7 K–400 K, and has no measurable residual magnetization. In continuous mode, it can maintain a sample temperature of 2.6 K, while in single shot mode (by pumping on liquid helium), it can reach temperatures down to 1.8 K for a period of several hours.