bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entanglement vacuum Tomonaga
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: January 2021

Entanglement vacuum Tomonaga
Hierarchies of Motivation Predict Individuals’ Attitudes and Values: A Neuropsychological Operationalization of the Five Factor Model
Authors: Berg Cameron
Published: January 2021

Scientific investigations of human personality are concerned with uncovering recurrent patterns of behavior, valuation, and cognition across time. The Five Factor Model (FFM), commonly known as the “Big 5,” is considered the most scientifically rigorous consolidation of the components of human decision-making and behavior. This research presents a novel hypothesis for systematizing the factors of the FFM into a series of emotional, motivational, and intellectual trade-offs. 193 adult participants completed an online decision-making battery composed of scenarios generated in accordance with each superordinate trade-off framework. Machine learning algorithms were subsequently implemented to assess whether a participant’s individual “score” was able to predict their independently-reported attitudes related to political affiliation, gender identity, career preferences, economic beliefs, political correctness, spirituality, and others. Across every attitude probed, the trade-off framework presented in this research was able to more strongly predict a participant’s response than any other model or scale that could be found in the literature. This research strongly supports the utility of conceptualizing individual decisions, preferences, values, and motivations through the lens of the FFM-based trade-off frameworks outlined in this work.
Non-Concatenative Morpheme Segmentation in Adults and Children
Authors: Finley Sara , Newport Elissa
Published: January 2021

While most morphemes in the world’s language involve continuous structure or concatenation (e.g., prefixes and suffixes), many languages show some form of non-adjacent, non-concatenative morphology. Non-concatenative morphology poses a challenge for statistical learning approaches to morpheme segmentation because the combinatorial possibilities greatly increase for non-adjacent dependencies. The present study explores the types of dependencies that human learners (school-aged children and adults) are able to extract from exposure to a miniature, artificial non-concatenative system. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to 12 CCC ‘roots’ that fit into 72 CVCVC skeletons with a high variety of VV ‘residue’. Experiment 2 extended Experiment 1 to school-aged children (with adult controls). Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 1, but with ‘mixed’ consonant-vowel roots and residues. Across all three experiments, participants were able to recognize familiar items compared to novel items, but had limited ability to generalize the CCC roots to novel items, suggesting a limited ability to parse consonantal roots. Adults were better at generalizing to novel items compared to children.
Minority Women Deputies in the Soviet Parliament, 1989–1991: Intersectionality in the Imperial Situation
Authors: Sablin Ivan
Published: January 2021

This article discussed the participation of minority women deputies in the parliamentary debates of the Perestroika, namely in the Congress of People’s Deputies (CPD), which was formally the supreme government body of the Soviet Union in 1989–1991. The speeches and statements of minority women deputies highlighted their perspectives on the multifaceted crisis of the Soviet Union. Some of the women represented especially marginalized groups, like the indigenous peoples of the Far East and mountain herders of Kirghizia, and for the first time gained the opportunity to express their grievances in a public debate. The article focused on the grievances, which minority women deputies articulated, and the solutions, which they proposed for mitigating or overcoming them. The study was informed by the concepts of intersectionality and the imperial situation. Although nationality (ethnicity) was an important self-categorization for many of those minority women who spoke at the five congresses, the meanings, ascribed to ethnonational categories, and the policy proposals, deriving from them, were very different. Even when grievances were “nationalized,” the proposed solutions could also be anti-nationalist. Besides, the same grievances could be refracted not only through nationality but also through gender, regional, local, occupational, and other categories. Some of the issues, like those related to occupation and environment, were part of the broader public discussions. Even though their grievances had often been formulated in terms of nationality and also originated in the centralized mismanagement, most of the minority women deputies viewed the Soviet Union as the main source of possible solutions.
Peer presence increases session ratings of perceived exertion
Authors: Minett Geoffrey M , Fels-Camilleri Valentin , Bon Joshua J , Impellizzeri Franco Milko , Borg David N
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of peer presence on the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses. Design: Within-participant design. Method: Fourteen males, with mean (standard deviation) age 22.4 (3.9) years, peak oxygen uptake 48.0 (6.6) mL·kg-1·min-1 and peak power output 330 (44) W, completed an incremental cycling test and three identical experimental sessions, in groups of four or five. Experimental sessions involved 24 min of cycling, whereby the work rate alternated between 40% and 70% peak power output every 3 min. During cycling, heart rate was collected every 3 min, and session-RPE was recorded 10 min after cycling, in three communication contexts: in written form unaccompanied (intrapersonal communication); verbally by the researcher only (interpersonal communication); and in the presence of the training group. Session-RPE was analysed using ordinal regression and heart rate using a linear mixed-effects model, with models fit in a Bayesian framework. Results: Session-RPE was voted higher when collected in the group's presence compared to when written (odds ratio = 5.3, 95% credible interval = 1.6 to 17.6). On average, the posterior probability that session-RPE was higher in the group setting than when written was 0.57. Session-RPE was not different between the group and verbal, or verbal and written collection contexts. Conclusions: This study suggests contextual psychosocial inputs influence session-RPE, and highlights the importance of session-RPE users controlling the measurement environment when collecting votes.
“JUST A YOUNG TOURIST IN OUR COUNTRY”: ARCHIE PHINNEY, A NEZ PERCE LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGIST
Authors:   Indiana University, Bloomington, Kuznetsov Igor V.
Published: January 2021

Born in Culdesac, ID, Archie Phinney, a Nez Percé, was the first Native American to receive an undergraduate degree from the University of Kansas. He collaborated with prominent Smithsonian anthropologists J. N. B. Hewitt and T. Michelson as well as the great Franz Boas; visited Leningrad after being invited by Vladimir Bogoras in the context of an academic exchange program; defended his candidate thesis at the Institute of Anthropology, Archeology and Ethnography (MAE); and returned to serve as an Indian agent in different reservations in the USA. The USSR scholarship of Phinney fell on a difficult yet crucial period in the history of Soviet ethnography, when it was not yet completely closed and remained receptive to the influences of Boas’ School. Through Phinney and other American researchers like him, who visited the Soviet Union at that time, the Soviet practice of “indigenization” had a reverse effect on J. Collier’s liberal Indian New Deal. Phinney collaborated with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, when the latter was on the Indian Commissioner’s post. Today, Phinney’s figure again attracts interest after some oblivion. The department of anthropology at the University of Idaho, Moscow, occupies a building named in his honor. The scope of the paper is based on the Boas Paper collection — his correspondence with Phinney, Bogoras, Averkieva, Barton and others, stored at the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. The analyzed materials, representing the general atmosphere in the 1930s Soviet academic community, are still little-known to the Russian-speaking reader.
THE TIME CAPSULE IN THE POST-SOVIET SOVKHOZ
Authors:   European University at St Petersburg, Malaya Elena
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to ideas about the Soviet era, widespread in а village in the north-east of Crimea. The paper offers an analysis of how the community, formed around a partially preserved state farm, builds its own picture of historical time, expands the imaginary boundaries of the Soviet period, and also thinks of it not so much as the past, but as the past future. Particular attention is paid to the object that organizes its temporality — а time capsule, which was laid twice in the studied village (in 1967 and in 2017), as well as its connection with the teleology of modernism. The article compares letters to descendants, sealed in two time capsules, as well as additional documents sent to the future. The text of the 1967 letter is based on a progressive narrative and contains a list of economic indicators of the success of the Soviet economy. By contrast, the 2017 text creates a picture of an unstable time of change, in which the focus is not on the predictable future, but on the vague past and present. The author of the article explains the nostalgia for the Soviet era in the studied community by the reaction to the changes and crises of the post-Soviet period, and suggests using temporal logic in the research of post-socialism.
Determinants of capital structure in Nepalese commercial banks
Authors: Timilsina Lalit Prasad
Published: January 2021

This study examines the determinants of capital structure in Nepalese Commercial Banks. The study is based on secondary data of 16 commercial banks with 112 observations for the period 2011/12 to 2017/18. The total debt to total assets and total debt to total equity were selected as dependent variables while return on assets, bank size, assets tangibility, assets growth and liquidity are the independent variables. The data were collected from annual reports of concerned sample bank. The Pearson's correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and impact of bank specific factors on the capital structure of Nepalese commercial banks. The result shows that banks size and assets tangibility are positively correlated with total debt to total assets whereas return on assets, assets growth and liquidity are negatively correlated with total debt to total assets. Likewise return on assets, bank size, assets tangibility, assets growth and liquidity are negatively correlated with total debt to total equity. It indicates that higher assets growth, return on assets and liquidity lower would be the total debt to total assets and total debt to total equity. Likewise higher the bank size and assets tangibility higher would be the total debt to total assets. This study concludes that return on assets, bank size and assets tangibility are the most influencing factors and assets growth and liquidity are the least influencing factor affecting the capital structure of Nepalese commercial banks.
Performances of Community Schools towards Students’ Learning and Satisfaction: A Case of Makawanpur and Udayapur Districts
Authors: Nepal Bijaya
Published: January 2021

This study was undertaken to analyses the performances of community schools towards students' learning and satisfaction in Makawanpur and Udayapur Districts of Nepal. School performances evaluation, observation tools were used to measure the input, process and output condition of selected schools for the research. This study was conducted from February 2019 to March 2020. The sample size was taken by using cluster sampling method. There were 203 numbers of senior secondary schools in the study area; among them (13.6%) senior 28 secondary schools were taken from both districts. Analysis of the data was done by using SPSS version 20 and the Multi-regression and correlation test was applied to analyze the data.
Social Entrepreneurship and Social Venture in Nepal, Case of Martyrs Memorial Park (Sahid Smarak), Hetauda, Nepal
Authors: Silwal Yam Bahadur
Published: January 2021

This study primarily tried to find out social entrepreneurship practices in Nepal, though this is an young phenomena for scholarly in Nepal. Study followed exploratory case type and selected Martyrs Memorial Park (Sahid Smarak) as a case so that it is a qualitative research. Social entrepreneurship is phenomena about utilization of creative idea of individuals for the society and social benefits through entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial venture creation. Martyrs Memorial Park (Sahid Smarak) is a social venture situated in Hetauda, Bagmati province, Nepal established by social and political personalities. This venture is found as a good practice of social entrepreneurship that generate revenue for the society, providing employment opportunities, utilizing resources, paying tax, contributing to uplift tourism, giving recognition of the area and members of the executive committee and council members as well. This venture became a model for others and many are trying to implement this in another part of the country. Social entrepreneurship process model found which started from social or political person with entrepreneurship intention that converted into entrepreneurial behavior and realize the social venture. Then economic outputs bring transformation in the society and generate social entrepreneurs' personality enrichment
Zbyszko Melosik: Pasja i tożsamość naukowca. O władzy i wolności umysłu. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2019, ss. 185
Authors: Włodarczyk Rafał
Published: January 2021

Tekst jest recenzją najnowszej książki Zbyszka Melosika Pasja i tożsamość naukowca. O władzy i wolności umysłu, która to pierwszorzędna praca wpisuje się w toczoną międzynarodową dyskusję dotyczącą sytuacji, pozycji i pracy badaczy, nauczycieli akademickich, a także kondycji współczesnego uniwersytetu, humanistyki i nauk społecznych.
IMPLEMENTATION ACADEMIC SUPERVISIONS BY THE EDUCATION SUPERVISSORS IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI (MIN) PAHANDUT PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Sanasintani Sanasintani Pundeh
Published: January 2021

This research was aimed to know the supervision techniques and approach and to compiled the school supervisors and teacher responses to academic supervision given by school supervisors in MIN Pahadut Palangka Raya. This research was applied to a phenomenal qualitative approach. The data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The data were analyzed through three steps, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Checking the authenticity of the data was carried out with credibility and confirmability criteria. This result indicates that the preparation of the academic supervision program was carried out in collaboration between Madrasah supervisors and PAI teachers in public schools coordinated by the supervisor coordinator. The supervision techniques used were the class visitation technique, the supervisor's personal conversation with the teacher, and the meeting between the supervisor, the madrasah principal, and the teachers. Supervision approaches used by school supervisors were scientific approach, artistic approach, and clinical approach. The response of the teachers was very positive towards the implementation of academic supervision by supervisors.
Association of academic stress & performance in continuous assessment among pharmacy students in body system course
Authors: Soe May Khin , Baharudin Mohamad Sharul Fahmi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Undergraduate Pharmacy students find the program is stressful. This study compares the perceived stress score (PSS) of third year Pharmacy students and their performance via continuous assessment (CAM) in a body system course. Methods: The relationship between the PSS and their academic performance, though out the semester were explored for 114 students including 25 male and 85 female. In this cross-sectional study, questionnaires were distributed to assess their PSS, other relevant questions and the result in four quizzes on the course were recorded periodically and analyzed descriptively. Results: The mean value of the whole class PSS score was found (38.66 ± 6.46). Females’ PSS in 1st quiz was 38.76 ± 5.56 and male’s was 39.21 ± 5.48 and quiz 2 for female was 38.61 ± 6.27 whereas 40.1 ± 7.48 in male. That value in quiz 3 and 4 for female was 38.10 ± 7.18 and male was 39.69± 8.68. However, there is no significant difference in gender. The PSS score for all participants was found highest in the second quiz (38.99 ± 6.60) whereas the mean marks they obtained were lowest (4.97 ± 1.36) compared to other quizzes but their relation is weakly significant. Total scoring of the CAM for the whole class was found even lower compared to previous batches, 23.83 ± 3.88. They were engaged with various co-curriculum activities and complained of not having enough time to study and revise. The unsatisfactory performance might be due to heavy topics and time constraint. Conclusions: Stress and time management are critical elements for undergraduate students to perform well academically regardless of their stress level.
Investigation of an antidiabetic potential of a phenolic compound isolated from the leaves of mempelas paya
Authors: Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Mat Soad Siti Zaiton , Afrin Mehnaz , Wan Sulaiman Wan Mohd. Azizi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Leaves of mempelas paya (Tetracera indica) (family: Dilleniaceae) is traditionally used in diabetes management in Malaysia. However, no attempt has ever been made to discover an active principle responsible for its blood glucose lowering effect. Hence, this research deals with the isolation, in vivo antidiabetic and toxicological evaluation of an active principle. Methods: Chemical investigation of methanol extract derived from the powdered leaves resulted in the isolation of a phenolic compound through repeated silica gel column chromatography. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, IR and UV) analysis. In vivo antidiabetic and toxicological studies were carried out using Sprague-Dawley rats (diabetic and normal) at three different concentrations (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg b.w.). Results: 5,7-dihydroxy-8methoxyflavone was found to exhibit significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity (p<0.05) in diabetic rats at 5 and 25 mg/kg b.w. without showing hypoglycaemic effect in normal rats. The anti-hyperglycaemic activity was found to be comparable with glibenclamide (GLBC) (p<0.05). In vivo toxicological study for continuous 21 days showed no abnormal activity and mortality. Histopathology of kidney, liver and pancreas of both normal and diabetic treated rats demonstrated normal and improved condition when compared to diabetic control group. There were no significant changes seen in the kidney (serum urea and creatinine) and lipid (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C) functional parameters tested. Conclusions: 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone isolated from the leaves of mempelas paya coud be a safe antidiabetic agent.
The application of the theory of planned behavior to understand the intention of weight loss practice among overweight adolescents
Authors: Sidek Suriati , Danis Ajau , Md Yusof Safiah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Overweight adolescents have been reported to struggle in losing weight. However, their intention to engage in weight loss practice remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative study was to understand the factors that lead to the intention of weight loss practice among overweight adolescents using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: Thirty-three overweight adolescents aged between 13 to 17 years old were recruited from three secondary schools in Selangor. They responded to a semistructured interview based on TPB that has three core antecedents; i) Attitude toward the behavior, ii) Subjective norm, and iii) Perceived behavioral control. Results: There is a high possibility that overweight adolescents will perform weight loss practice if the diet plans they followed, or physical activity they performed, or slimming product they consumed prove to make them lose some kilograms (Attitude). Besides that, the social pressure received from social interactions with parents and peers in a form of weightrelated criticisms and weight-related teasing may encourage overweight adolescents to be thin and reducing weight (Subjective norm). Finally, the emergence of intention that subsequently lead to weight loss practice is either driven by social interactions and media influences, or limited by some of the identified barriers (Perceived behavior control). Conclusions: The TPB is suggested to be an effective framework to understand the intention of weight loss practice among overweight adolescents, allowing for the development of obesity intervention program.
Tooth Loss And Mobility In Aggressive Periodontitis Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fazid Nurul Farahin binti , So ‘odi Siti Mahirah binti , Yaacob Munirah , Husain Juzaily , Ali Suhaila Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Tooth loss has much negative implication in aesthetics and oral function of an individual. Aggressive periodontitis has been known to result in rapid tissue and bone destruction and if left untreated eventually tooth loss. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tooth loss and tooth mobility in a group of aggressive periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective data of aggressive periodontitis patients attending IIUM Dental Clinic that has been diagnosed in year 2014 up to June 2017. The data was extracted from patients’ case records systematically using data extraction forms representing all specific objectives. IBM SPSS-24 was used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of aggressive periodontitis patients attending IIUM dental clinic within 4 years was 4.2%. Out of this 45.5% presented with tooth loss. Most of them had being diagnosed as generalized aggressive periodontitis and showed to have high mean plaque and bleeding score compared to aggressive periodontitis with no tooth loss. However it was statistically insignificant difference (p<0.05). The tooth loss group also presented with more remaining teeth with mobility. Conclusion: Tooth loss was prevalence in aggressive periodontitis patients. Moreover, remaining teeth were also affected by some degree of mobility, which may affect the normal oral cavity functions and aesthetic. Further study with bigger sample size should be conducted to analyze the impact of the high tooth loss to the patients’ oral and general well-being.
Management of Electrocuted Major Burns in District Hospital
Authors: Khoo Kah Seng , Leong Qi Wen , Ho Choon Aik , Lim Chen Hong
Published: January 2021

Electrical burns are one of the important health burdens throughout the world with incidences varying between 4–18% of all burns. We are presenting a case of 45-year-old gentleman whom sustained a high voltage electrical injury (railway voltage) with 25% total body surface area (TBSA) of mixed partial burns over the path of current. He was managed primarily by general surgical team in a district hospital. Subsequently, he was discharged home well after 23 days of hospitalization. In this article, we discuss about management of electrocuted burns in district hospital setting without burn unit.
Penetrating Rectal Wound in Domestic Injury
Authors: AS Nur Hayati
Published: January 2021

An 11-year-old boy tried to jump over a metal rod but landed on it presented with perianal pain and rectal bleeding. On examination, there is a 1.5cm perineal laceration. His blood results showed a normal TWC with a normal abdominal and chest radiographs. His vital signs were within normal limits. He was planned for bedside T&S by ED team but deferred as persistent blood oozing from rectal, thus referred to Paediatric Surgery. Upon review, there was 2x1cm perianal laceration at 7 o’clock, abrasion wound at 10 & 12 o’clock. Ultrasound showed no free fluid. He was taken to emergency OT for EUA, intraoperative findings were a perianal laceration, on table sigmoidoscopy showed posterior rectal wall irregularities with slow oozing blood from it, however, no obvious perforation seen. The patient developed fever with lower abdominal tenderness on the following day. Urgent CECT abdomen pelvis performed and showed features of extraperitoneal rectal perforation. He was treated conservatively with antibiotics and NBM with parenteral nutrition support. He made a good recovery and was discharged home on day 9. Pediatric perineal impalement injuries often caused by falls on an offending object. These children are prone to severe injuries as compared to adults and the lesions in the pediatric perineum may appear innocuous, but can be potentially life-threatening and surgically challenging. Perineal impalement injuries in children are classified as transanal or perineal and further subdivided as extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal. This classification method is used to predict potential injuries and develop treatment guidelines. Evaluation of perineal impalement injuries in children needs to be thorough even in the presence of minimal or no symptoms.
Ruptured Testicular Abscess: A Rare Complication of Epididymo-Orchitis
Authors: CY Lee , Syazwan Abu , Omar Syed , Anuar Syahril , Munjih Islah , Nazli Mohd , Ghazali Hamid
Published: January 2021

Epididymo-orchitis is a medical condition characterised by inflammation of epididymis and testis which is a common urological diagnosis encountered by healthcare professionals. Misdiagnosis and under treatment can lead to poor outcome such as infarction and abscess formation. We presented a 33-year-old man, with no known medical illness, presented with one-week history of left testicular pain, swelling and fever. He was commenced on Amoxicillin by his general practitioner. Physical examination showed left swollen and tender testis and normal right testis. Investigations showed an elevated white cell count (WCC) 41.3x103 /L and colour doppler ultrasound (USG) testes showed left epididymo-orhitis. He was admitted and treated with IV Unasyn® (Ampicillin+Sulbactam) for 5 days. His symptoms improved, and he discharged home well with one week oral Unasyn®. He represented 2 weeks later with worsening left scrotal swelling and pain. Clinical examination found a swollen, tender and erythematous scrotum with 1x1cm defect in the left scrotum with purulent discharge. He underwent operation incision and drainage of left scrotum and left orchidectomy. Post-operatively he recovered well. Histopathology reported as epididimoorchitis with abscess, necrosis and perforation. As a conclusion, testicular rupture and abscess formation secondary to epididymo-orchitis is an uncommon reported complication. Immediate recognition and treatment is crucial as a delayed diagnosis can lead to sepsis and infertility.
Strangulated Meckel’s Diverticulum in a Littre’s Hernia: A Rare Complication
Authors: M Vishnu , MJ Oon , HT Heah , Y Huzairi , Amri Nil , Khamiza Wan
Published: January 2021

Meckel’s diverticulum occurs in 2-3% of general population and can presents as Littre’s hernia. We are reporting an 88-year-old female referred to our surgical unit with a painful right groin hernia 2 weeks, associated with vomiting, fever and diarrhoea. Physical examination showed an irreducible tender lump in the right groin with overlying erythematous skin. Plain radiograph showed dilated small bowel with a loop of bowel seen within the right groin region. A diagnosis of strangulated right femoral hernia was made preoperatively. Right inguinal incision initially employed, however, after a grossly inflamed Meckel's diverticulum with adjacent bowel perforation was found, a midline laparotomy ensues. Meckel's diverticulum was resected together with the perforated segment of small bowel. A primary anastomosis was then performed. In managing Meckel’s diverticulum the proposed treatment for is wedge resection and primary repair of the ileum. If there is oedema or inflammation at the base of the diverticulum, resection and anastomosis of a segment of the ileum may be necessary. Meckel’s diverticulum may be found in any type of abdominal hernia and thus an incarcerated hernia should not be attempted to manually reduce.
Practical Islamic and Research Ethics: The Use of Animal Model in Orthopaedic Research
Authors: Mohd Jan Nurul Hafiza , Zulkifly Ahmad Hafiz , Ibrahim Mohd Zulfadzli
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The growing of mortality and morbidity that are related to orthopaedic cases have contributed to the development and innovation of technology which actively seeks for the best treatment options. In order to achieve the goal, animal models have been used as a bridge from in vitro to the clinical study to provide insights both as a precursor and beneficial to human-based research. Many animal models have been developed to investigate bone regeneration, pathological changes and reparation. Besides, animal models are used more commonly in orthopaedic innovation and development. Through the practical application of the 5Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement, reproducibility and responsibility) principles that correlate with the Islamic ethics in this research, this study aimed to provide an ultimate ethical standard on animal use in orthopaedic research. Besides the texts of the Qur’an and the prophetic narrations (hadith), both Muslim jurists (fuqaha) and ethicists’ relevant opinion on these matters would be unveiled. As from the Islamic viewpoints, the usage of animal is permittable for scientific research purposed within the permissible limits described by the  Shari’ah  and guided by ethical values derived from the Divine Revelations (al-wahy al-Ilahyi). By practising the guidelines, it is hoped that these ethical guidelines will help to educate the Muslim scholars and researchers to substantive improvements in terms of quality and the ethical standards of animal studies in orthopaedic research.
Determining the Association between Oral Health Status and SelfPerceived Oral Health Satisfaction among Residents in the Largest Care Home in East Coast Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Farah , Said Abdul Hadi , Yusof Muhammad Zubir , Ismail Nor Iziana , Musa Nor Mulyani
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Little is known about the association between actual and selfperceived oral health status among residents living in a care home. This study aimed to assess their oral health status and to determine its association with their selfperceived oral health satisfaction. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2018 among 75 residents of Rumah Ehsan, Terengganu (the largest care home in east coast Malaysia). The oral health status and oral hygiene of the participants were examined. Their sociodemographic profile and self-perceived oral health status were collected through structured interviews. Chi-square, Man-Whitney, and multiple logistic regression tests were used to test the factors associated with the self-perceived oral health satisfaction of the participants. Results:  Unsurprisingly,  the majority of the participants had poor oral health with high median DMF-T score of 29.0 (IQR=12) and majority (86.7%) had poor oral hygiene. It was intriguing to know that the majority of them (64%) perceived they have good oral health status with 68% satisfied with their current oral health status. There was no significant association between their actual oral health status and their perceived satisfaction. However, increasing age, Malay and those eating dependently were less likely to satisfy with their oral health status. Meanwhile, those who were dependent on the staff to brush their teeth were more likely satisfied with their oral health status. Conclusion: There was a wide discrepancy between the actual and self-perceived oral health status among residents in care homes. Hence, it is crucial to improving awareness and knowledge among them in order to improve their oral health. Factors contributed to their oral health satisfaction should be acknowledged by all dental practitioners.
The Prevalence of High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its Association with Sociodemographic Factors among Adults in Taman Dato' Rashid Salleh, Indera Mahkota, Kuantan
Authors: Ramli Rawahah Husna , Hassan Artika , Abd Rahman Jamalludin , Mohd Rus Razman , Pasi Hafizah , Nasreen Hashima E. , Abd. Aziz Karimah Hanim , Zubir Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an insidious sleep breathing disorder, with cardinal manifestations of snoring, witnessed breathing pause during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of OSA and its associated factors among adult population in Taman Dato’ Rashid Salleh, Kuantan. Materials and  method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 157 participants who lived in Taman Dato’ Rashid Salleh from May 2018 to June 2018. Obstructive sleep apnea was quantified using the self-administered Malaynvalidated Berlin questionnaire which apart from the demographic data included three categories (10 questions) designed to elicit information regarding snoring (category 1), daytime somnolence (category 2) and the presence of obesity and/or hypertension (category 3). The respondents were considered as high risk of OSA if two or more categories were positive. Weight, height and neck circumference were measured by using Secca© weight scales, Secca© stadiometer and non-elastic plastic tape, respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to measure the prevalence, while chi-square test was used to explore the association of OSA and its background variables. Results: Out of 157 respondents, female and Malay were dominant with the 56.7% and 91.0 %, respectively. The mean age of the respondents was 36.7 (12.2) years old. The prevalence of high risk of OSA in was 18.5%. There was no association between gender, age, race, smoking and neck circumference with risk of OSA while Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension were significantly related to an increased risk for developing OSA (p-value < 0.001 and p=0.001, respectively).  Conclusions: Two in every 10 adults in Taman Dato’ Rashid Salleh, Kuantan were at high risk of OSA. It is recommended that appropriate health promotion should be targeted to this community to instill awareness and increase the level of understanding of the public on OSA.
Back to the Nature: Effects of Non-Pharmacological Modalities in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates
Authors: Mohamed Mossad AbdelHak Shaban , Hidayat Taufiq , Abu Bakar Asrar , Anuar Azamin , Mohd Sofee’ Mohd Fit'ri Akmal , Abdelhalim Abdelbaset Taher
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Neonates refers to the first 28 days of life, they are vulnerable to physiological changes. About 15% of neonates get admitted to NICU and a significant number of them end up in ventilation. This study assessed the beneficial role of non- pharmacological modalities on recovery with a better outcome of ventilated babies in NICU. Material and Methods: The study is a quantitative cross-sectional study for 9 months of NICU at IIUMMC. The study will include top conditions warranting neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions and ventilation as preterm, respiratory distress, neonatal sepsis, HIE, and others. They are divided into two (2) groups; the first group will keep the standard practice and assigned as a control group. The second group will afford all or most of a package of non-pharmacological and sensory stimuli like a kangaroo, feeding, non-nutritive sucking, swaddling, skinto-skin contact, sensory saturation, soft massage, away irritant odour, Normal visual experience during daytime and dime light at night-time. decrease sound pollution, and voice stimulation assessing soft music or recitation of the Qur’an according to family preference. We will assess stabilizing vital signs, behavioural assessment, extubating timing, Short term outcome. Results: Adding non-pharmacological modalities could reduce the dose requirements for sedation and analgesics and has a positive effect on the neurodevelopmental outcome. Conclusion: nonpharmacological strategies besides other modalities improved short-term outcomes and the recovery of ventilated babies. The importance of coming back to nature, the effect of special senses and sensory stimulation on neonatal recovery, and ease extubation.
Satisfaction, Anxiety, Depression and Stress among Family Members of Patients in Malaysian Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Abdul Hamid Mohd Ariffudin , Mat Nor Mohd Basri
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Family satisfaction has been identified as a quality indicator in critical care area. The impact of family satisfaction level was also found to be associated with symptoms of psychological distress such as anxiety, depression and stress among family members. We evaluated the satisfaction level and prevalence, risk factor and correlation of psychological distress symptoms with the satisfaction level among family members in Malaysian Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional, multicentre study conducted in ICU at Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru and International Islamic University Medical Centre. Family members were enrolled 3 days after ICU admission, and they completed a modified version of Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Results:  A total of 176 family members were enrolled in this study. We found 116 (66%) of the family members scores ≥ 3 denoting satisfaction with the mean CCFNI score was 3.11 (SD=0.3). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were of 30.1%, 41.4% and 28.9% respectively. Risk factor for psychological distress symptoms were female sex, spousal relationship, lower education, median income less than RM 4000, staying with patient and younger patient age. Negative correlation between depression, anxiety and stress with CCFNI score were found (p< 0.05) but with low correlation coefficient (r=-0.178 to -0.209). Family members without symptoms of psychological distress were more satisfied (higher CCFNI score) with ICU care compared to those with symptoms of psychological distress (p< 0.05). Conclusion:  Family members of ICU patient were satisfied with the care provided in the ICU. High rates of psychological distress symptoms in this study and its correlation with the satisfaction level highlight the need to identify and implement preventive and management strategies for family members to improve the overall ICU care.
Factors Associated with Pediculosis Capitis among Primary School Children in Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: Che Rozela Siti Nur Madihah , Mohd Tohit Nor Faiza , Mohd Rus Razman
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis  among primary school children is a worldwide problem which carries significant consequences among the school children and caregivers. Despite causing significant health problem which needs to be intervened, only few studies were conducted in Malaysia and there is no previous study conducted in Pahang. Thus, this study aims to investigate the determinants  of prevalence of Pediculosis capitis  among primary school children in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Materials and method: An analytical cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling of primary schools was carried out in Kuantan. Selfadministered validated questionnaire was used followed by hair and scalp examination. Multivariate logistics was done to determine the predictors and to control for confounding effect. Results: The overall median age of the 1,365 respondents was 8.0 years. Majority of them were males (53.41%), Malays (60.29%), household income between RM1000-RM2999 (31.87%) and from urban school location (98.68%). The overall prevalence of Pediculosis capitis  was 9.6% (n=131). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female (Odds ratio (OR)=8.571, 95% Confidence interval (CI)=5.024-14.620), Indian (OR = 5.560, 95% CI=3.3849.136), those who had number of siblings more than five (OR = 2.644, 95% CI=1.0446.700), history of contact with infested person (OR=2.445, 95% CI=1.619-3.691) and urban school location (OR=0.030, 95% CI=0.284-0.091) were predictors for  Pediculosis capitis. Conclusion: The prevalence of  Pediculosis capitis  among primary school children in Kuantan, Pahang is endemic(9.6%) and predictors are female, Indian, having siblings of more than 5 and contact with infested person. Hence, preventive measures are necessary to reduce the transmission of head lice among school children.
Molecular Characterization of gyrA, parC and qepA Genes in Quinolone Resistant ESBL Producing E. Coli Isolated from Patients in HTAA, Kuantan
Authors: Sirat Rahmatullah , Hamzah Hairul Aini , Mahmud Mohammed Imad A. Mustafa , Ahmad Siti Nurliyana Binti
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Quinolone resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase production has increased in  E.coli  and considered a serious problem worldwide. It is worth to monitor resistance mechanism in  E.coli  to provide guidance for optimizing antimicrobial treatments,control and spread of resistance. The objective of this study was to molecularly characterize  gyrA, parC  genes and  plasmid mediated  qepA  efflux pump gene, in QR-ESBL  E. coli  isolates obtained from patients in HTAA, Kuantan. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was also studied. Materials and Method: 32 QR-ESBL and six quinolone-susceptible  E. coli  isolates from  September 30 November,2018) included in the study. The isolates were reconfirmed with known phenotypic tests and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed. PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for the identification of mutations in quinolone resistance determining region. Result: Resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid was (100%) followed by cefotaxime (96.9%), ciprofloxacin (78.1%) trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (75%), ceftazidime (56.3%), cefepime (43.8%) and gentamycin (25%). None of the isolates was resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and colistin. PCR successfully amplified the  gyrA  and  parC  genes, however,  qepA  gene was not detected by PCR in the isolates. Majority of the isolates had point mutation in (QRDR) of GyrA at codons 83 and 87 and in ParC at codons 80 and 84. Two isolates had mutations outside of QRDR at codons 144 and 167 in ParC. Strong positive correlation was found between MIC levels of ciprofloxacin and the number of resistance mutations. Sequencing of 6 (QS-ESBL)  E. coli  revealed absence of resistance mutations.  Conclusion: Quinolone resistance in the isolates was mainly due to mutations in  gyrA, ParC  genes. Acquisition of multidrug resistance genes through innate gene mutations and mobile genetic elements contribute to the emergence of (MDR). This study reinforces the importance of being vigilant in utilizing molecular techniques to monitor for emergence of resistance genes in different locations.
Isolated Axillary Nerve Injury following a Blunt Trauma
Authors: Ramli Muhammad Fawwaz , Wafiuddin Muhammad , Mohamed Mahyuddin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Axillary nerve supplies deltoid muscle long head of triceps and teres minor in the arm and supply regimental batch area over the inferior part of shoulder. Anterior dislocation of shoulder, latrogenic injury to the nerve during shouder injection and brachial plexus injury can cause axillary nerve injury. Case report: We report a rare case of isolated axillary nerve injury in a 20 year old lady. She was admitted following a low speed fall from motorcycle and sustain abrasion wound over the right side of the face and shoulder. There was no direct or tractional injury to the shoulder during the incidence.During admission she complaint of progressive right shoulder weakness with MRC power of 2 and sensory loss over regimental patch area. On examination there was no tenderness to the shoulder area or neck and she was unable to abduct her right shoulder with full passive range of motion. Patient was subjected to nerve conduction study four months later and revealed slower sensory conduction and deltoid muscle amplitude decreased compared the left side. At 7 months post trauma she is recovering with deltoid power of 4 after multiple physiotherapy session. Isolated axillary nerve injury following a blunt trauma is a rare condition with multiple reported cases showed poor recovery. One should wait for regeneration of nerves to complete before offering any surgical intervention to the patient. As in our case, patient showed remarkable improvement after seven months with conservative management thus avoiding the complication of surgery.
Detection of Mismatch Repair and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Faizee Muhammad Ishaque
Published: January 2021

Introduction:  Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Microsatellite instability (MSI) contributes to be one of the main mechanisms in colorectal cancer. Individuals with MSI tumors have loss of expression of one or more Mismatch Repair proteins. MSI tumors have better survival rate than microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors, poor response to 5FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy and relatively successful immunotherapy in metastatic MSI tumors. Immunohistochemistry recognizes altered gene by recognizing loss of its protein product. Based on the presence or absence of Mismatch repair proteins, groups are classified into Mismatch repair proficient (MMR-p) and Mismatch repair deficient (MMR-d).  Aim:  To investigate the immunohistochemical profile of Mismatch repair proteins namely: hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, and hPMS2 in surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens.  Materials and Method:  A total of 76 cases were selected from the Histopathology Department of HTAA to determine MMR protein expression status. Cases were either MMR-p or MMR-d. Results:  Of the specimens which were properly immunostained, seventeen out of seventy-six cases (22.37%) showed loss of one or more MMR proteins expression and thus were MMR-d. MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 protein expression was detected as 85.53% (65/76), 81.6% (62/76), 88.16% (67/76), and 76.32% (58/76), respectively. Conclusion: Mismatch repair proteins profile should be done using immunohistochemistry in  local laboratories on these selected cases before referring for the expensive molecular test.