bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON ABNORMALLY HIGH RATES OF LEAD CONSUMPTION IN REACTION MIXTURES CONTAINING IODINE, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE OR BOTH OXIDIZING AGENTS SIMULTANEOUSL
Authors:   Southwest State University, Poshidaeva S.D. , Ivanov A.M. , Tarasov V.V.
Published: December 2023

It has been established that the reason for abnormally high rates of lead consumption in the metal-iodine-hydrogen peroxide-acid-organic solvent system is direct competitive oxidation of metal with hydrogen peroxide by the interaction with iodine. The kinetics of such an interaction in the absence and in the presence of other metals was studied. It is shown that other metals are consumed much more slowly under such conditions, that is not competitive with their interaction with iodine, on the one hand, and on the other hand, their products noticeably inhibit the direct interaction of lead with hydrogen peroxide.
Structural simulation model for deformation of shape memory alloys. Part I. Description of oriented transformation effect
Authors:   A. A. Movchan  Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, 125040, Movchan A. A. , Rikhmaer A. M. ,   A. M. Rikhmaer  M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

A one-dimensional structural simulation model for deformation of shape-memory alloys under thermoelastic phase transformations is presented, taking into account the origin and development of martensitic mesoelements during direct transformation and their degradation and disappearance during reverse transformation. An adequate description of the effects of oriented transformation within the framework of the model is given.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ САМООСВІТНЬОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАРМАЦЕВТІВ
Authors: Барджадзе Руслана
Published: December 2023

Пропонована стаття присвячена проблемі організації самоосвітньої діяльності майбутніх фармацевтів. Авторка подає результати проведеного експерименту щодо визначення рівнів її організації, використовуючи опитування. Респондентами стали студенти трьох українських закладів вищої освіти медичного спрямування та їхні викладачі. Метою статті є вивчення і порівняння отриманих даних для об’єктивного оцінювання наявних рівнів організації самоосвітньої діяльності студентів в закладах освіти та визначення шляхів покращення поточного стану.

Авторка визначила наявні рівні організації самоосвітньої діяльності такі як: початковий, середній, достатній, високий. Розподіл за рівнями здійснювався на підставі опитування, для чого був розроблений авторський опитувальник, який має низку тверджень щодо організації самоосвітньої діяльності за такими критеріями: мотиваційним, когнітивним, діяльнісним і суб’єктно-рефлексивним. Респонденти присвоювали визначену кількість балів кожному твердженню, після чого було проведено підрахунок. Він уможливив детальний розгляд актуального стану організації самоосвітньої діяльності респондентів.

Отримані дані засвідчують, що, студенти найкраще вмотивовані до самоосвітньої діяльності, переважно знають про методи її організації, обізнані в способах самоорганізації, самоконтролю,. Проте, їх застосовування здобувачами освіти викликають труднощі. Щодо самоконтролю, самоорганізації, аналізування власного досвіду самоосвітньої діяльності, коригування та планування своїх дій , то як студенти, так і викладачі відмічають нижчий рівень їх розвитку. Тому за діяльнісним і суб’єктно-рефлексивним критеріями показники є нижчими. Це дає підстави викладачам застосовувати відповідні педагогічні умови, які уможливлюють більш ефективну організацію самоосвітньої діяльності майбутніх фахівців.
Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation to Recover Memory and learnING trial (AFFIRMING) Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Du Xin
Published: December 2023

The objective of the AFFIRMING study is to determine the efficacy of computerized cognitive training on global cognitive function in patients with AF and cognitive impairment, compared with positive controls, over a 12-week training period. At the same time, we will continue the follow-up until week 24 to determine whether the effects of the intervention are sustained.
Peace of Mind: Examining Election-Induced Anxiety among Minorities in India
Authors: Jafar  , Singh Tejendra Pratap
Published: December 2023

We examine if the national elections held in India differentially affected minorities after the ruling party’s landslide victory in 2019. Employing a measure of anxiety and nationally representative survey data, we find a significant increase in anxiety among minorities, particularly within the Muslim community. Moreover, our results uncover significant heterogeneity in the main effect, with a more pronounced impact in districts characterized by high electoral competitiveness. We establish the credibility of our research design through a battery of empirical tests.
El poder ocult dels infants dins les tradicions nadalenques. Descobrint el rol del secret i l’agència
Authors: Torra-Merin Martí
Published: December 2023

Catalan translation of the last Preprint version (post-acceptance) of the article "The Hidden Power of Children in Christmas Traditions: Unveiling the Role of Secrecy and Agency," published in the Anthropology Today journal in December 2023.
School Climate Perception Among Latinx and White Students: An Examination of Intersecting Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Identities in Context
Authors: Chan Mei-ki , Sharkey Jill D. , Nylund-Gibson Karen , Dowdy Erin , Furlong Michael
Published: December 2023

Limited research has explored how the characteristics of student and teacher racial/ethnic composition may explain students’ perceptions of school climate. This study used stratified analysis to assess the associations of two prominent diversity aspects (i.e., student racial/ethnic diversity and teacher racial/ethnic diversity) with students’ perceived school climate. Particularly, this study controlled for student- and school-levels demographic characteristics among 41,237 Latinx students and 23,819 White students from 7th grade to 12th grade enrolled in 250 California public schools. The findings indicated that higher teacher racial/ethnic diversity had a mild to moderate positive association with perceived school attitudes to parental participation (Economically Disadvantaged Latinx: β = .20, p < .05; Economically Disadvantaged White: β = .37, p < .01) and perceived school equity and safety (Economically Disadvantaged Latinx: β = .16, p < .05; Economically Disadvantaged White: β = .19, p < .05) among Latinx and White students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Only Latinx students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds perceived less favorable school safety and equity in schools with a higher student racial/ethnic diversity (Economically Disadvantaged Latinx: β = -.20, p < .05). Results have implications for addressing school climate disparities at an organizational level.
Evaluation of M-Paspor Application in Indonesia: M-Government Concept Perspective
Authors: Nurkumalawati Intan , Salsha Nusyura Divana
Published: December 2023

The government utilizes technology to provide internet-based public services, making it easier for the community to access them. One such technology is M-Government, which offers smartphone applications. Immigration Offices in Indonesia have implemented M-Government with the APAPO application. However, there are still several obstacles in its implementation. Applicants experienced difficulties in obtaining a queue number due to the registration quota. Additionally, rescheduling is not possible for those who are unable to attend the office. The Immigration Office conducts biometric records and interviews. To address this issue, the Directorate General of Immigration has introduced a new innovation called Mobile Passport (M-Paspor). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the M-Paspor application based on the M-Government concepts. Qualitative methods were used, with data collected through interviews and observations. The study suggests that the M-Paspor application aligns with the M-Government concept, allowing the public to independently apply for a passport using their smartphone at any time and place. The aim of the M-Paspor application is to simplify the passport application process for the public.
Students’ Perceptions of The Use of ICT Tools in Language Preparatory School
Authors: Kucuk Turgay
Published: December 2023

This article examines the role, advantages, and obstacles associated with the utilization of Information and Communication Technology tools in the context of language learning and teaching. The primary objective of this study is to explore the advantages of technology tools throughout various domains of life, particularly in the context of education, encompassing students, instructors, and parents. Additionally, this study aims to investigate both the detriments and advantages associated with using these tools. This study utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire administered through Google Forms to gather student perspectives. Additionally, face-to-face interviews were done with a sample size of 31 students. Upon analysis of the findings, it was discovered that the students had a predominantly favorable disposition towards these instruments. They stated that these tools contributed to their language learning and improved language skills. According to the findings of the study, the mobile phone emerged as the predominant instrument among students, with a utilization rate of 84%. Furthermore, certain drawbacks have been identified through empirical investigations, in addition to the mentioned advantages. Recent findings indicate that the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in educational settings has been associated with many negative consequences. These include the potential for distraction among students, their increased isolation, and the exacerbation of existing disparities among students from diverse economic backgrounds. The prevailing consensus derived from extensive study suggests that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools possess a greater number of benefits in the realm of language learning and instruction, as opposed to drawbacks.
Production of Advice Speech Act by Non-Native Speakers of English: The Case of Kurdish EFL Learners
Authors: Barzani Sami Hussein Hakeem
Published: December 2023

Speech act studies are commonly used in Second Language Acquisition research to assess second language learners’ pragmatic skills. Contrary to other speech acts, the speech act of offering advice has not been sufficiently studied and has not been a topic of cross-cultural or cross-linguistic research either, particularly among Kurdish EFL learners. The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the advice speech act as expressed by Kurdish EFL learners and native English speakers. Thus, the study looked at the proficiency of Kurdish EFL users in selecting appropriate pragmatic expressions during the act of providing advice and discernible differences between male and female learners regarding the degree of (in)directness while advice is offered. Hence, the study included 82 undergraduate students from various universities in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, particularly in Erbil. This group consisted of 42 females and 40 males, all majoring in English Language Teaching. Additionally, 30 native English speakers also took part in the research. Data collection was conducted through a 12-item discourse completion test, and the collected data were subsequently subjected to analysis using SPSS. The results unveiled a significant difference between Kurdish EFL learners and native speakers. It figured out that Kurdish EFL learners are not quite aware of the social power and social distance of interlocutors while giving advice. Additionally, it was indicated that female learners are more indirect in offering advice than their male counterparts. Moreover, the findings also unearthed a visible indication of first language pragmatic transfer, though it was not a variable of the study
Writing Assignments Difficulties, Factors, and Solutions: ESL Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Farooqui Afnan
Published: December 2023

Writing assignments have been considered challenging for English as a Second Language (ESL) students. Several studies have investigated writing difficulties, primarily focusing on lexical and grammatical problems. However, few studies have explored challenges at various stages of writing. This research examines teachers’ views on the challenges ESL tertiary students face when writing descriptive essays in the three primary stages: pre-writing, during writing, and post-writing. It also explores the factors contributing to these challenges and provides suggestions for overcoming them. Explanatory research was conducted by collecting quantitative and qualitative data from a web-based questionnaire and semi-structured interviews and analyzing those datasets separately. Fifteen English teachers participated in the online survey, and five teachers underwent individual interviews. This research reveals the problems ESL tertiary students encounter at the different stages of writing essays. In the pre-writing stage, students struggled most with outlining. During writing, they worked most on avoiding plagiarism, writing well-structured sentences, and linking between sentences. In the post-writing stage, they worked most with editing and revising. The teachers identified a lack of knowledge and creativity, over-dependence on teacher feedback, and unawareness of the writing process as the main factors behind these difficulties. The teachers suggested numerous solutions to overcome the challenges, including continuous writing training, teacher guidance, and increasing students’ awareness about writing stages by applying different digital techniques.
The Impact of ChatGPT on English Language Teaching, Learning, and Assessment: A Rapid Review of Literature
Authors: Meniado Joel C.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore the impact of ChatGPT on English language teaching, learning, and assessment. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions: 1) How can ChatGPT enhance English language learning, teaching, and assessment? and 2) What are the issues associated with ChatGPT in terms of language teaching, learning, and assessment? Utilizing Rapid Literature Review as a methodology guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, this study found that ChatGPT can support and enhance English language learning by providing meaning-focused inputs, offering scaffoldings during the production of meaning-focused outputs, giving feedback on the accuracy of learners’ language outputs, and facilitating fluency development through extensive language practice. Moreover, this study also found that ChatGPT can enhance English language teaching by assisting teachers in designing bespoke lesson plans, facilitating language learning inside and outside language classrooms, developing customized instructional materials, assessing L2 learning, and giving immediate, individualized feedback. However, despite the benefits it can provide to English language teachers and learners, its use in the classroom is faced with many issues such as inaccurate responses, academic dishonesty and plagiarism, skills deterioration, generic responses, inherent biases, privacy breaches, non-emotionality, technical limitations, educational inequity, and teacher job security threat. Detailed results and implications for policymaking and language teacher development are discussed.
The Students’ Perception towards the Use of Icebreakers, Warmers, and Energizers in EFL Classrooms: A Tertiary Study
Authors: Kurdi Soran Mustafa , Meena Reman Sabah
Published: December 2023

This study examines first-year students’ perceptions in the English Language Teaching Department at Tishk International University regarding using icebreakers, warmers, and energizers in the classroom. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of these activities in enhancing student engagement and participation, as well as their impact on the overall learning experience. The study contributes valuable insights into the practical applicability of these techniques in an educational setting. Additionally, the positive perceptions of the students underscore the potential of these activities in establishing a favorable and comfortable learning environment. Data were collected through surveys and interviews, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. For the quantitative aspect, 32 participants (10 males & 22 females) were surveyed, while the qualitative segment involved interviews with 10 students (five males & five females) at Tishk International University. The study’s results indicate that the overwhelming majority of students hold a positive perception of the use of these activities. They view them as beneficial for creating a relaxed and comfortable learning atmosphere, fostering interaction and collaboration among classmates, and boosting motivation and interest in the language. The study suggests that incorporating these activities into EFL classrooms can significantly enhance the overall student learning experience and contribute to a more dynamic and interactive classroom environment. The findings are consistent with existing literature in the field.
Investigating Chinese Tertiary EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in the Application of Learning Management Systems Using Q Methodology
Authors: Qi Yanjing , Othman Rohani Binti
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore Chinese tertiary EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices as well as the relationships between them in the application of Learning Management Systems (LMS in short). By reviewing relevant literature, previous studies either carried out research on teachers’ beliefs and practices in the training of basic English learning skills or compared them between novice and experienced teachers. This study fills the gap of research on teachers’ beliefs and practices from the perspective of technology integration, specifically LMS application. By using the Q methodology, 38 EFL teachers teaching the same EFL course to undergraduate students at F University in mainland China were selected as research participants. After collecting research data through open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, four different types of teachers’ LMS beliefs and three different levels of teachers’ LMS practices were identified by employing Q Methodology software-PQMethod and a web application Ken-Q analysis. Through comparing each participant’s corresponding beliefs and practices, both consistent and inconsistent relationships are found. The research findings not only prove the definite connection between teachers’ LMS beliefs and practices but also reveal the discrepancies between what teachers believe and do while using LMS. In general, The research can not only offer a new methodological solution for further research on cognitive factors like teachers’ beliefs but also provide pedagogical implications to EFL teachers to promote their career development.
Effectiveness of Blended Learning Programs/Models in English Instruction in Saudi Universities: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Alenazi Yasir R.
Published: December 2023

This systematic review of literature examines the effectiveness of blended learning programs in the instruction of the English language in Saudi universities. The aim of this review is to critically analyse current studies on the efficacy of BL programs in teaching English language courses in Saudi universities. The review draws attention to impact of blended learning models on English education in Saudi universities and offers insight on how to enhance the use of these models in English language instruction at the tertiary level. Seven research databases were searched, generating 132 studies. Studies published before 2010, not written in English, non-peer reviewed, non-journal, not evidence-based, without abstracts, non-BL focused, and not focused on English learning or university education were excluded, leaving 56 full articles which were then coded based on the data type they presented. The coding model employed was inductively formulated based on a preliminary review of the articles selected together with the most frequent groupings and hence no specific theoretical model guided the process. For each respective coding group, the number of articles that showed BL models were more effective in teaching English courses in Saudi universities was added to the number of articles that showed the approach led to better English language outcomes. The total number of the articles whose findings did not precisely indicate the effectiveness of BL was also obtained. Results show a significant proportion of the studies suggested BL programs positively affected English language learning in Saudi universities. This is evidenced by significant improvements in language skills and the general course learning outcomes.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF DIAGNOSTICS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS VOLTAGE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF TRANSFORMER OILS
Authors: Serhii Zaitsev , Victor Kishnevsky
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the work is due to the need to improve methods for diagnosing high-voltage oil-filled voltage transformers with paper-oil electrical insulation, which makes it possible to solve the problems of monitoring the technical condition, finding the place and determining the causes of failure (malfunction), and predicting the technical condition of this equipment on the basis of appropriate diagnostic software. The aim of the work is to ensure the reliability of operation of high-voltage oil-filled voltage transformers with paper-oil electrical insulation by improving the method of their diagnosis based on the results of analyses of samples of mineral transformer oils by gas chromatography. In accordance with the research objective, the following tasks were solved: 1. Determine the content of such dissolved diagnostic components in samples of mineral transformer oils from high-voltage oil-filled voltage transformers of NKF-110, NKF-220, NKF-330 types as gases H2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, CO, CO2, O2, N2; additive "Ionol"; furan compounds (2-furyl alcohol; 2-furfural; 2-acetylfuran; 5-methyl-2-furfural) and the sum of their concentrations. 2. The basic procedures for diagnosing high-voltage oil-filled voltage transformers based on the results of analyses of mineral transformer oil samples with the determination of the content of dissolved diagnostic components in them were improved. For the diagnosis of high-voltage oil-filled voltage transformers based on the results of gas chromatographic analyses of samples of mineral transformer oils from this equipment, it is recommended to use the following methods: "Limit level of concentrations", "Tabular method", "Graphic images of defects", "ETRA", "Duval triangle", "Visual inspection after disassembly of high-voltage oil-filled voltage transformers". To determine the degree of danger of the development of the identified probable defects, the method of determining the "Relative growth rate of dissolved gas concentrations" can be used. The prospect of practical application of the results of the work is to ensure the reliability of operation of high-voltage oil-filled voltage transformers by improving the method of their diagnosis based on the results of analyses of samples of mineral transformer oils with simultaneous determination of the content of dissolved gases, the additive "Ionol", furan compounds by gas chromatography.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR STUDYING THE TRANSIENT STARTING PROCESSES OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH AN INDUCTION RHEOSTAT IN THE PHASE ROTOR CIRCUIT
Authors: Oleksii Kachura , Sergey Kolychev , Oleksandr Syanov
Published: December 2023

The task of improving the reliability of lifting and handling equipment in today's economic environment remains a pressing one. Crane mechanisms, drawing mills, and rope machines are an incomplete list of equipment used at enterprises in various industries, and, as a rule, they are outdated. Particular attention should be paid to crane lifting and handling mechanisms that operate under shock loads, high vibration, and are exposed to aggressive environmental influences.

Unfavorable operating conditions of the equipment lead to frequent repairs and systematic downtime. In this regard, a number of requirements are imposed on crane mechanisms: high fault tolerance, ease of maintenance, and reasonable price. These requirements are partially met by electric drives (ED), which are equipped with asynchronous motors with a phase rotor and additional resistances in the rotor circuit. As the latter, complete resistance cells with additional contact equipment are often used.

Many years of experience in the operation of such installations shows that the use of such ED on crane mechanisms leads to a number of negative consequences: 1) reduction of the reliability of the ED due to the use of power switching equipment; 2) the need to periodically involve repair personnel to maintain contact equipment; 3) increase in the weight and dimensions of the ED.

In the current situation, improving the reliability of crane equipment is an urgent task that can be solved by using induction rheostats in the phase rotor circuit of the IM. This approach eliminates the contact equipment in the rotor and avoids the use of a stepwise switching system for starting resistances, and, due to the nonlinear electromagnetic parameters of the IR, ensures a smooth start of the IMP with a given current. The resulting power losses in the rotor circuit are carried out beyond the IM volume. In this case, the mechanical characteristic of the IMP acquires the desired excavator type.
ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGICAL CELLULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION
Authors: Mykola Anishchenko , Dmytro Zybenkov
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic flaw detection is the most versatile non-destructive testing method for detecting defects in various materials. The aim of this work is to develop a robotic technological cell for ultrasonic flaw detection of welded products. To achieve this goal, we selected the necessary equipment, developed an algorithm for the control system, and wrote control and data collection programs. In addition to identifying the product defect, the PC-based control system also ensures safety during the diagnostic process.

The technical support of the cell consists of an ultrasonic flaw detector "EPOCH 650" with a rectangular pulse generator and a digital receiver, an industrial robot Mitsubishi Electric MELFA RV-FR series, a work table for the required part orientation, inductive sensors for identifying the installation of the part, light barriers to ensure safe operation of the cell and a control system.

The cell control system is implemented in the form of a chalkboard and includes a central processing device for cell control, a robot control processor for implementing the robot's trajectory and communication with the robot controller, a module for communication with peripheral equipment, and a data logging module for registration, recording and sharing of events in the control system, a digital input module for receiving digital signals of 0 or 24 V DC from contact type sensors, manual control buttons, status signals from alarm systems, positioning drives, etc.

The cell software ensures the implementation of control algorithms and consists of a control program to control the robot's movements, an executive program to ensure the control system's analysis of signals from the flaw detector, a security system, and user interaction via the system interface, The interface system receives data from the PLC and is responsible for graphically displaying information about the control system.

The paper presents the results of experimental research and simulation, which confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed algorithms and control programs. By determining the optimal values of the speeds of movement and rotation of the robot links during their simultaneous movement, the speed and productivity of the cell are increased.
SIMULATION AND RESEARCH OF SINGLE-PHASE SHORT CIRCUITS IN THE ELECTRICAL NETWORK
Authors: Аnatoly Voloshko , Tetiana Dzheria
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this work is to model single-phase short circuits in a three-phase electrical network and identify their type by analyzing the angular frequency of the spatial vector. Recently, the saturation of electric networks with powerful non-linear loads, the introduction of conversion equipment and renewable energy sources lead to the need for systematic analysis and research of the quality of electric energy (QEE). One of the factors that significantly affect the operation of electrical equipment is short circuits. In the article, based on the developed model of the formation of QEE distortions, a single-phase short circuit in a three-phase electrical network is investigated by switching it to a single-phase system with two α-β projections and a zero-sequence voltage vector.

Studies of the influence of the location of the short-circuit point on the voltage in the electrical network have shown that the difference in the distance from the point of damage to the load, type of short-circuit leads to varying degrees of voltage change. Conducted studies have shown that different types of malfunctions and parameters of the electrical network at the point of short circuit cause different disturbances in the electrical voltage in the power supply system. The presence of a short circuit of the same type at different locations leads to different voltage drops and overvoltages. Short-term changes in voltage are the most common distortions of the quality of electrical voltage in electrical networks. The simulation results based on the developed model are consistent with the theory and reliably simulate the change in voltage in the electrical network.

In the future, the presented model can help in creating a basis for the identification and subsequent control measures of voltage change violations.
SIMULATION MODEL OF AN ADARTIVE DIGITAL FILTER BASED ON THE LEAST SQUARES METHOD
Authors: Serhii Marchenko , Oleksandr Sotnyk , Oleksandr Syanov , Volodymyr Lytvynenko
Published: December 2023

In accordance with contemporary requirements in the fields of mobile and embedded telecommunications and electronics, there is a growing need for faster, smaller, and energy-efficient digital electronic devices (DEDs). These devices include microcontrollers, digital signal processors, and programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGAs).

Utilizing DEDs involves the hardware execution of advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms tailored to the specific architecture of the electronic device. To expedite the design process when directly implementing DSP algorithms in hardware, simulation models are generated to facilitate optimizing the design during the creation of the programming component for FPGAs.

The paper discusses the outcomes of an investigation into an adaptive filter (AF) model that relies on the recursive least squares method (RLS). During the simulation, an analysis of the time and frequency parameters of the AF model was conducted. It was determined that the quality of the filtering process reaches a plateau at the 28th order, and further increasing the AF order does not lead to a significant improvement in signal filtering. Instead, it results in an increased demand for hardware resources. Furthermore, during the verification of the proposed simulation model, an AF-based noise reduction system was simulated. The total harmonic distortion (THD) level for the built-in AF unit was found to be 1.05 % that serves as confirmation of the effectiveness of the developed AF unit.

Therefore, through this investigation, the most suitable order for the AF has been identified. This choice will enable a more effective utilization of FPGA resources when implementing the AF in hardware. The study results validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the hardware-centric simulation model developed, while also demonstrating the hardware-oriented architecture of the adaptive RLS filter for its forthcoming implementation on FPGA.
THE INFLUENCE OF DEVELOPED HEAT EXCHANGE SURFACES ON THE GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
Authors: Roman Klimov , Olha Kriukovska , Danil Lusta
Published: December 2023

The design of heaters is affected by many factors, and the importance of each of them can vary greatly. Intensification of heat exchange is always of great importance for all industries and technologies. The design of heat exchange equipment is subject to high requirements related to the reduction of weight, volume, etc. The optimal design of the developed surface is determined by the values of the heat transfer coefficients from the hot coolant to the tube wall and from the wall to the cold coolant.

One of the main characteristics of heat exchangers is the volume occupied by them. Most often, there are restrictions on the occupied volume of the device, or on its different geometric dimensions, which is caused by the layout of the equipment or consumer objects. One of the main criteria for heat exchanger optimization is the ratio of heat transfer to the power used to overcome the resistance of the heat carrier. The disadvantage of this criterion is that the fluid resistance is minimized by increasing the cross-section of the coolant channel, which leads to an increase in the volume of the heat exchanger, which in turn cannot be significantly increased.

The purpose of the work is to determine the influence of the finning ratio, the bearing diameter of the finning of the tube and the length of one finned tube as the main factors on the geometric volume of the heat exchanger.

The paper determines the influence of the pipe finning coefficient, the bearing diameter of the fins and the length of one tube on the total geometric volume of the heat exchanger. The bearing diameter of the pipe has the greatest influence on the total volume of the heat exchanger. The effect of the fin ratio is secondary to the volume of the heat exchanger, and such a factor as the length of one tube has the least effect on the desired function. It is possible to achieve a reduction in the total volume of the device by reducing the length of one tube across the flow of the coolant, the fin ratio and the supporting diameter of the tube. Using the developed methodology, it is possible to design a heat exchanger with the required geometric volume.
APPLICATION OF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN KAMIANSKE
Authors: Natalia Neposhyvailenko , Yurii Hrytsan , Yuliia Petryk , Oleksandr Huba
Published: December 2023

The city of Kamianske has a hazardous environmental situation due to the long and intensive development of industry, whose enterprises emit large amounts of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Therefore, the implementation of continuous environmental monitoring for the city is an urgent task that can be solved by combining instrumental measurement methods with phytoindication methods. The aim of the study is to test the methods of phytoindication in the environmental monitoring system using the indicator of fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blade of woody plants of the Populus canadensis species and to assess the quality of the environment, taking into account the functional zones of the urban system. A methodology for assessing the quality of the environment by the integral index of the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blade of Populus plants has been developed and an assessment scale with different gradient values has been proposed. The integral indicator of the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blades of Populus canadensi plants was calculated for 30 experimental plots covering all functional zones of Kamianske. It was determined that the quality of the environment within the industrial zones is characterised as critically polluted with unfavourable conditions for living organisms, which is confirmed by the integral index of fluctuating asymmetry 0,076¸0,104. Settlement areas are characterised as polluted, with an integral index of 0,063¸0,093. In recreational areas, the state of the environment is assessed by a conditional norm of 0,054¸0,066. The results of the average integral index of leaf asymmetry of Populus canadensi plants for a ten-year period for the city of Kamianske were compared, and the lower (0,038±0,002) and upper (0,106±0,003) limits of the index were determined. The dependence of the integral indicator on the volume of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere has been established, which is confirmed by high correlation coefficients r = 0,8¸0,9 at a significance level of p < 0,05. The modelled polynomial trends predict further growth of the integral indicator of fluctuating asymmetry depending on the increase in pollutant emissions.
SOIL-FORMING PROCESSES IN THE RAVINE ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Kateryna Bozhko , Yurii Gritsan , Olena Karas , Artur Proshchyn
Published: December 2023

The research paper presents the results of the researcher’s investigation on the complex ecological properties of native ravine forests in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The results of soil sciencein different countries were reviewed. The structure of the ravine was studied, the macro- and micromorphological structure of the soil was described, the soil aggregate composition, water resistance of soil structural aggregates, and the humus state of forest chernozem were established. The benefit effect of native ravine forests on the soil-forming processes in the Steppe zone was revealed.
RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF THE METHOD OF ACTIVATION OF THE GAS FLOW FOR ALLOYING WITH GASEOUS NITROGEN"
Authors: Tetiana Golub , Lavr Molchanov , Sergiy Semykin
Published: December 2023

Increasing the strength of steels and improving their operational qualities is one of the main tasks contributing to solving the issue of reliability, durability of parts and structures. Alloying, including nitrogen, occupies a special place among the large number of ways to improve the properties of steels.

Nitrogen, as an alloying element, has been known for a long time, and its sufficiently high content in the atmosphere makes nitrogen even more attractive to technologists. However, it has limited solubility in iron alloys, especially with a high content of other components.

There are various methods of gas activation, but in order to ensure relatively low energy costs and having positive experience of works on electric high-voltage activation of oxygen, it was proposed an option of activation by creating an electric brush discharge.

The research was carried out on a physical bench that simulates the section of the lance at the outlet for the supply of activated gas when using different types of closed-type discharge devices. The devices differed by the arrangement of one of the electrodes: with a submerged non-insulated electrode and a protruding almost completely insulated electrode. The effect of purge gas pressure and arc length (distance between electrodes) on the efficiency of the nitrogen-containing gas flow ionization process (using air as an example) was analyzed. It was established that when using a discharge device with a submerged electrode, the current strength that forms the activated gas has a quadratic function on the distance between the electrodes with a maximum at a distance of about 15 mm and a purge gas pressure of 0.25—0.3 MPa. With a further increase in pressure, the visible discharge disappears and the current decreases.

When using a discharge device with a protruding electrode, much higher indicators of the strength of the ionized current were obtained while maintaining a visual discharge even at high pressures of the purging gas (0.6MPa). At the same time, the current strength increases with an increased discharge distance — with the highest values at low blow-by pressures. That is, the version of the discharge device with a protruding electrode is more promising from the point of view of activation of the nitrogen-containing gas stream.
THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRIENTS AND LACTULOSE PREBIOTIC ON THE FERMENTATION PROCESSES IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF RECEIVING A FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCT WITH AN INCREASED TITER OF VIABLE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
Authors: Iryna Korniienko , Vitalii Gulyaev , Valeriia Kravets , Katerina Harkava , Andrii Anatskyi , Olga Filimonenko , Alla Kovalenko , Yurii Korniienko
Published: December 2023

A study of the influence of biologically active substances (fat-soluble vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, as well as water-soluble vitamin C), prebiotic lactulose on the titer of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria was carried out for the further use of the obtained research results in the biotechnology of functional food products, obtained thanks to the successful course fermentation processes. Experiments have proven the expediency of using biologically active substances as stimulators of the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which contribute to the increase of biomass and support of their vital activity for 192 hours. Research has established that at the end of the experiment (192 hours), the highest titer of lactic acid bacteria was recorded in samples 1, 2, 3, 4, to which the prebiotic lactulose was added in the amount of 1, 3, 5 and 7 %, respectively. This is due to the fact that the prebiotic acts as a specific substrate that is used by the symbiosis of pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria for a long time, unlike milk sugar. Analyzing the obtained data, it is indicated that thanks to the addition of fat-soluble nutrients omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, as well as water-soluble vitamin C, there is a significant increase in the titer of viable cells of probiotic cultures at 6 and 24 hours of the experiment, although at the end of the experiment (by 192 hour) in these samples, an insignificant decrease of this indicator was recorded — from 10 to 8.9 log cells/ml. In the control sample (without the addition of biologically active substances and lactulose prebiotic), a significant decrease in the titer of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria was noted, compared to the test samples to which nutrients were added. The titer of lactic acid bacteria cells in the control sample was reduced by 192 hours from 8.5 to 5.5 log cells/ml. It is recommended to use the studied nutrients in the indicated concentrations to stimulate the growth and maintain the viability of lactic acid bacteria cultures in the technology of production of functional food products.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF OUT-OF-FURNACE CAST IRON REFINING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DOMESTIC METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Lavr Molchanov , Volodymyr Kislyakov , Kostyantin Chubin , Artem Pohvalityi , Olena Chubina
Published: December 2023

In today's environment, domestic steelmaking enterprises, and especially steelmaking within them, are experiencing a significant negative impact from the shortage of high-quality raw materials and the lack of stability of incoming charge materials. At the same time, in order to overcome these problems, technical solutions are used in the world practice for out-of-furnace treatment of charge materials, including liquid iron. Thus, an urgent issue of domestic metallurgical science is to determine the effectiveness of the most common methods of out-of-furnace pig iron treatment in relation to the current realities of domestic steelmaking.

A general classification of technical solutions for out-of-furnace pig iron refining has been made and a comparative analysis of the efficiency of the technologies under consideration has been performed. Engineering calculations were performed using mathematical models of material and heat balances of converter smelting, adapted for 250-ton oxygen converters, using a top tuyere of classical design.  The influence of the considered technical solutions for out-of-furnace iron treatment on such basic technological indicators of BOF melting as specific consumption of liquid iron, specific consumption of lime, and yield of usable iron was analyzed. The comparison was carried out in relation to the indicators of basic melting without the use of out-of-furnace melt treatment technologies. The expediency of using out-of-furnace refining methods based on the injection of globular magnesium and mixtures of the CaO-Mg system was confirmed. As for the complex refining technologies, it was determined that it is advisable to develop a technology for domestic conditions that provides for the removal of sulfur and phosphorus from the melt without significantly reducing the concentration of silicon in the melt.
RESEARCH OF THERMAL INFLUENCE ON THE CHANGE OF THE SURFACE LAYER OF DIAMONDS AND ASSOCIATED TOOL MATERIALS (REVIEW)
Authors: Valerii Lavrinenko , Volodymyr Solod , Halina Ilnytska , Volodymyr Smokvyna , Ivan Kashynskiy
Published: December 2023

Attention is drawn to the fact that the issues of effective processing of such fragile, difficult-to-process materials as mono- and polycrystalline diamonds are currently being discussed in the literature, including CVD diamond films, sapphire, etc. For the most part, such processing is faced with the issues of thermal impact on the surface of the tool material, taking into account the defects of the diamonds that undergo processing, directed impact on the surface of such diamonds, heat and modification of the surface of diamonds and accompanying tool materials.

In this review, attention is focused on the newest modern developments, namely 2023, in the features of thermal effects on carbon materials, diamond, and steel. Studies are shown in the direction of directed changes in the surface of diamonds: obtaining the surface of OH-diamonds and H-diamonds, doping diamond, and changing the contact of the diamond surface with Fe and W. Special attention is paid to the application of various protective coatings on the surface of diamonds and related tool materials (steels, ceramics and hard alloys). At the same time, the greatest attention is paid to metal and nitride coatings, that is, this direction has recently become important and relevant.

Various models of doped diamond, places of adsorption of O atoms on its various surfaces, and the subsequent process of the reaction of the O2 molecule with the C atom are considered. The results show that the multi-alloy diamond model has the highest activation energy, which reflects the best properties of oxidation resistance. Research shows that diamond with a rough surface has a larger surface area and higher electronegativity than normal diamond, which improves the adhesion between the Ni-based bond and the diamond with a rough surface.