bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hard Bargaining in the Classroom: Realistic Simulated Negotiations and Student Values
Authors: Kirgis Paul F.
Published: January 2012

Empirical research into the negotiation practices of lawyers shows that “hard bargaining,” including at least some unethical conduct, is an inescapable fact of a lawyer's life. To prepare students for legal practice, negotiation instructors must expose them to hard bargaining in the classroom. In doing so, however, instructors should be sensitive to the moral and ethical values of their students, so that the classroom experience does not unduly pressure students to compromise their values.

The simulation is the primary tool of negotiation instruction. By selecting and manipulating simulations, a negotiation instructor can expose students to a wide range of negotiating behaviors, from distributive negotiations marked by the use of power tactics to value‐creating negotiations in which participants must consider many interests and collaborative strategies predominate. With that flexibility, however, comes the potential for classroom exercises to pressure students, in ways both subtle and overt, to adopt behaviors that feel uncomfortable.

In this article, I examine the use of simulations to teach different types of negotiating behavior, including hard bargaining. Referring to a number of widely available simulations, I suggest ways to focus student attention on three dimensions of negotiation behavior — the issues over which the parties are bargaining, the objectives the parties seek, and the tactics the parties use to achieve their objectives — in order to push students to reflect on their own negotiation behaviors and to prepare for the tactics of others. I assess the potential for simulations to pressure students to compromise their values, and I conclude with my own thoughts on the goals of a negotiation course.
The role of surface implant treatments on the biological behavior of SaOS‐2 osteoblast‐like cells. Anin vitrocomparative study
Authors: Conserva Enrico , Menini Maria , Ravera Giambattista , Pera Paolo
Published: January 2012

Objectives

The aim of this study was anin vitrocomparison of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation related to six dental implants with different surface characteristics, and to determine if the interaction between cells and implant is influenced by surface structure and chemical composition.

Material and methods

Six types of implants were tested, presenting four different surface treatments: turned, sandblasted, acid‐etched, anodized.

The implant macro‐ and microstructure were analyzed usingSEM, and the surface chemical composition was investigated using energy‐dispersiveX‐ray analysis.

SaOS‐2 osteoblasts were used for the evaluation of cell adhesion and proliferation bySEM, and cell viability in contact with the various surfaces was determined using cytotoxicityMTTassays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity in contact with the six surfaces was evaluated. Data relative toMTTassay andALPactivity were statistically analyzed usingKruskal–Wallis not parametric test andNemenyi‐Damico‐Wolfe‐Dunnpost hoctest.

Results

All the implants tested supported cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, revealing neither organic contaminants nor cytotoxicity effects. The industrial treatments investigated changed the implant surface microscopic aspect and SaOS‐2 cell morphology appeared to be influenced by the type of surface treatment at 6, 24, and 72 h of growth. SaOS‐2 cells spread more rapidly on sandblasted surfaces. Turned surfaces showed the lowest cell proliferation atSEMobservation.

Sandblasted surfaces showed the greatestALPactivity values per cell, followed by turned surfaces (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

On the base of thisin vitroinvestigation, differently surfaced implants affected osteoblast morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Sandblasted surfaces promoted the most suitable osteoblast behavior.
Accelerated bone formation on photo‐induced hydrophilic titanium implants: an experimental study in the dog mandible
Authors: Hirakawa Yuko , Jimbo Ryo , Shibata Yasuaki , Watanabe Ikuya , Wennerberg Ann , Sawase Takashi
Published: January 2012

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of photo‐induced hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) on serum fibronectin (sFN) attachment, and further to evaluate initial osseointegration responses in the dog mandibles.

Materials and methods

To apply the anatase TiO2 film, plasma source ion implantation (PSII) method followed by annealing was employed for the titanium disks and implants, which were then illuminated with UV‐A for 24 h for the experimental groups. Non‐deposited titanium disks and implants were prepared for the control group. Surface characterization was performed using the interferometer and contact angle analyzer. The attachments of sFN were evaluated using fluorescence emission analysis. Thereafter both groups of implants were placed in the mandible of six beagle dogs. Bone response was investigated with histological and histomorphometrical analyses after periods of 2 and 4 weeks.

Results

The experimental groups exhibited strong hydrophilicity under UV‐A illumination and showed significant improvement in sFN attachment. And further, the experimental implants enhanced the bone formation with the bone‐to‐implant contact of 42.7% after 2 weeks of healing (control: 28.4%).

Conclusions

The combined applications of plasma fibronectin and PSII to produce hydrophilic titanium surfaces could accelerate early osseointegration.
A comparative in vitro evaluation of two different magnetic devices detecting the stability of osseo‐integrated implants
Authors: Geckili O. , Bilhan H. , Cilingir A. , Mumcu E. , Bural C.
Published: January 2012

Geckili O, Bilhan H, Cilingir A, Mumcu E, Bural C. A comparative in vitro evaluation of two different magnetic devices detecting the stability of osseo‐integrated implants. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 508–513. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Background and Objective:  It is unknown whether the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements made by two different magnetic resonance frequency analysers are comparable. This in vitro study was designed to compare the RFA measurements made by the two magnetic resonance frequency analysers and to evaluate the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the magnetic devices.

Material and Methods:  Thirty‐two implants were placed in four cow ribs. The RFA value of each implant was measured by five different examiners. The measurements were repeated five times, in both the buccal and mesial directions, for each implant at 2 h intervals, and the averages of registered implant stability quotient (ISQ) units were recorded as the buccal ISQ value and the mesial ISQ value for every implant.

Results:  No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the RFA measurements made by the two magnetic devices. The intra‐observer reliability of both devices was excellent, whereas the interobserver reliability of the devices was poor.

Conclusion:  The results of the RFA measurements of both tested devices overlap. Although both devices show excellent intra‐observer reliability, there are variations between the measurements of different examiners.
Traumatic intrusion of permanent teeth: 10 years follow‐up of 2 cases
Authors: Gomes Genara Brum , da Costa Catiara Terra , Bonow Maria Laura Menezes
Published: January 2012

Abstract –  Intrusive luxation is a kind of traumatic injury characterized by an axial displacement of the tooth toward the alveolar bone. Its main causes are bicycle accidents, sports/recreational activities, and falls or collisions. Treatment strategies include waiting for the tooth to return to its position, immediate surgical repositioning, and repositioning through dental traction by orthodontic devices. In order to decide which treatment to follow, the degree of root formation, the patient’s age, and intrusion severity should be taken into consideration. This study aimed to report a 10‐year follow‐up of two patients that suffered permanent incisor (PI) traumatic injury who had a similar root development (incomplete rooting) but different results. In the first case, the treatment of choice was follow‐up. The patient showed gingival alteration and root resorption of tooth 21. Calcium hydroxide therapy and root canal filling were performed twice because of not attending callback. After finishing the endodontic treatment, follow‐up visits showed no abnormalities. In the second case, the treatment of choice was watch and wait to the teeth 11 and 21. After 7 months spontaneous eruption of both teeth was detected. Radiographic examination showed atypical root formation and almost completely pulp canal obliteration, 8 years later. In the follow‐up, visit after 10 years was observed complete crow and pulp canal obliteration. It was concluded that PI intrusion treatments are good intervention alternatives, as they proved to be successful after a 10‐year follow‐up period.
Are Difficulties Balancing Work and Family Associated With Subsequent Fertility?
Authors: Liu Siwei , Hynes Kathryn
Published: January 2012

Despite considerable interest in the causes and consequences of work‐family conflict, and the frequent suggestion in fertility research that difficulty in balancing work and family is one of the factors leading to low fertility rates in several developed countries, little research uses longitudinal data to examine whether women who report difficulty in balancing their work and family roles go on to have fewer subsequent births. This article uses longitudinal data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care (N = 809) to examine whether difficulties in balancing work and family are associated with fewer subsequent births. Our results provide little support for the idea that working women in the United States who have difficulty in balancing work and family delay or forgo having additional children. Instead, women in the United States may achieve their fertility goals at the expense of continued labor force participation.
Parent Training Among Ethnic Minorities: Parenting Practices as Mediators of Change in Child Conduct Problems
Authors: Bjørknes Ragnhild , Kjøbli John , Manger Terje , Jakobsen Reidar
Published: January 2012

In this study, we examined parenting practices as mediators of changes in child conduct problems in ethnic minority families participating in Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO). The participants included 96 Somali and Pakistani immigrant mothers and their children living in Norway. The families were randomized to PMTO or a waiting‐list control group. Self‐report assessments were made at baseline and after the intervention using standardized measures. A path model suggested that improvements in the child conduct problems were fully mediated by a reduction in harsh maternal discipline and an increase in positive parenting. When the mediation pathways were tested separately, both the reduction in harsh discipline and the increased positive parenting functioned as mediators of the reduction in child conduct problems. These findings emphasize the importance of including components that address the parent's use of both harsh and positive parenting practices when implementing parenting training among ethnic minority families.
The “Paradox of Empowerment” in Parent Education: A Reflexive Examination of Parents' Pedagogical Expectations
Authors: Lam Ching Man , Kwong Wai Man
Published: January 2012

In an action research project designed to develop a new paradigm for parent education in alignment with the “strengths perspective,” a social constructionist epistemology, and the empowerment discourse, it was found that parents joining two parent groups actually valued and sought expert knowledge. Seeking to empower these parents by adopting a collaborative learning approach—facilitating a reflective discussion of their parenting experience while refraining from meeting their expectation to be taught—we were actually exercising professional power in imposing our ideology of empowerment on the parents. To resolve this “paradox of empowerment,” we came to the see that parent educators cannot avoid meeting parents' pedagogical expectation. They should, however, provide expert knowledge and advice with epistemic reflexivity. Moreover, they need to navigate the micropolitics in the interaction between themselves as “educators” and parents as “learners,” so as to negotiate a power relation that is characterized by collaboration and partnership.
Why Parenthood, and Why Now? Gay Men's Motivations for Pursuing Parenthood
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Downing Jordan B. , Moyer April M.
Published: January 2012

The current qualitative study of 35 preadoptive gay male couples (70 men) examined gay men's motivations to parent and their reasons for pursuing parenthood at the current time. Similar to heterosexual couples, gay men described a range of psychologically oriented reasons as shaping their decision to become parents. Some of these (e.g., desire to teach a child tolerance) may have been uniquely shaped by their sexual minority status, and others (e.g., desire to give a child a good home) in part reflect their adoptive status. Men named age, finances, and relationship factors, as well as unique contextual factors such as the need to find and move to gay‐friendly neighborhoods, as influencing their readiness to pursue parenthood at the current time. Gay men's motivations to parent echo normative life course decision‐making processes, but also reflect concerns that are uniquely informed by their sexual minority status.
Observed Gender Differences in African American Mother‐Child Relationships and Child Behavior
Authors: Mandara Jelani , Murray Carolyn B. , Telesford James M. , Varner Fatima A. , Richman Scott B.
Published: January 2012

African American mother‐child dyads (N =99) were observed interacting on a collaborative puzzle exercise. Raters blind to the purpose of the study rated the dyads on several mother and child behaviors. Mothers of daughters were rated as more empathetic, encouraging, warm, and accepting and less negative than mothers of sons. Male children were more challenging and less happy, relaxed, and engaged. Mediation analyses found that the differences in mother‐child relationships explained the gender differences in child behavior. These patterns were consistent across different child age groups and after controlling for family socioeconomic status. It was concluded that many of the gender disparities may be reduced with empirically informed and culturally sensitive parent training interventions that teach parents the necessity of being warm and loving as well as encouraging both male and female children to excel.
Docking and 3D‐QSAR investigations of pyrrolidine derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors
Authors: Sun Jiaying , Mei Hu
Published: January 2012

Docking studies of pyrrolidine derivatives indicated that Trp178, Arg371, and Tyr406 were the key residues in the active pocket of influenza neuraminidase (NA). Hydrogen bond and electrostatic factors mainly influenced interactions between pyrrolidine derivatives and NA. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between binding affinity (total scores) and the experimental pIC50. Meanwhile, 3D‐QSAR models of 87 pyrrolidine derivatives were developed to understand chemical–biological interactions governing their activities toward NA. Furthermore, R2, Q2, , and of the models were from 0.731 to 0.830, from 0.560 to 0.611, from 0.762 to 0.875, and from 0.649 to 0.856, respectively. QSAR modeling results elucidated that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic factors highly contributed to inhibitory activity, which was unanimous in the docking results.
Management of White‐naped pheasant pigeon Otidiphaps nobilis aruensis at Barcelona Zoo
Authors: Sierra M.
Published: January 2012

The knowledge gathered from keeping and breeding White‐naped pheasant pigeons Otidiphaps nobilis aruensis at Barcelona Zoo over the last 22 years is presented. Housing, diet, breeding and general information about the husbandry of the species are described. In March 1988, five pheasant pigeons [2.2.1 (♂.♀.?)] confiscated by Spanish Authorities arrived at Barcelona Zoo. On 23 August 1992 the first chick hatched and since then 65 chicks have hatched. At the time of writing Barcelona Zoo maintains 17·6 birds. Several birds hatched at the Zoo have been transferred to other European institutions, such as Zoo Krefeld and Weltvogelpark Walsrode in Germany, Bristol Zoo Gardens and Chester Zoo in the UK, Zoobotanico Jerez in Spain, Copenhagen Zoo in Denmark, Jardim Zoologico de Lisboa in Portugal and Vogelpark Avifauna in Alphen in the Netherlands, contributing to the European population, which comprises 26·12·4 birds at nine zoos, plus 3·2 birds at two zoos in the USA. A European studbook was established in 2001 and it has been managed and monitored since then by Weltvogelpark Walsrode. We hope this information will contribute to better management and improved breeding of White‐naped pheasant pigeons in European zoos.
Life history, damage assessment and control of Trioza hopeae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), a serious pest on Hopea odorata (Malvales: Dipterocarpaceae) in Vietnam
Authors: VU Nga Thi , EASTWOOD Rod , BURCKHARDT Daniel
Published: January 2012

Young plants of the commercially important timber species Hopea odorata Roxb. are seriously damaged by the psyllid Trioza hopeae Burckhardt & Vu in nurseries in South Central and Southern Vietnam. Farmers routinely use Class 1 toxic insecticides to control the psyllids but these pose serious health risks in the urban environment. As a precursor to developing a pest management strategy, we studied the life cycle of T. hopeae and trialed several control measures. Trioza hopeae is polyvoltine with overlapping generations peaking in mid wet season. Females laid approximately 135 eggs; however, there was a natural attrition rate of about 80% in first‐instar nymphs due to the nymph's inability to find a suitable feeding site. Feeding nymphs induced pit galls on young H. odorata leaves and were present on all trees examined during the study. The pre‐adult life cycle lasted approximately 13 days and adult life span approximately seven days. Several toxic insecticides were found to be effective for controlling T. hopeae, but a novel non‐toxic alternative was equally as effective. We discuss these methods and potential biological control measures.
Amount of airflow required for olfactory perception in laryngectomees: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Manestar D. , Tićac R. , Maričić S. , Malvić G. , Čorak D. , Marjanović Kavanagh M. , Prgomet D. , Starčević R.
Published: January 2012

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2012, 37, 28–34

Objectives:  To determine minimum airflow rate required for olfactory stimulation in successfully rehabilitated laryngectomised patients after learning the polite yawning technique (PYT) and to confirm the hypothesis that sense of smell is rehabilitated once the nasal airflow is re‐established.

Design:  Prospective open interventional trial.

Setting:  Tertiary academic hospital.

Participants:  The study population comprised 100 laryngectomised patients. The control group consisted of 100 non‐laryngectomised patients of similar age and sex. Rhinomanometry was used to measure air flow in the right and left nostrils, respectively, while the Smell Diskettes Olfaction test (SDOT) was used to test each individual’s sense of smell.

Main outcome measures:  The primary endpoint was increasing the airflow, while the secondary endpoint was improvement in the Smell Diskettes Olfaction test score after learning the polite yawning technique.

Results:  The difference in the Smell Diskettes Olfaction test results before and after introducing the polite yawning technique was statistically significant (F = 53.077; P < 0.001). The number of accurately identified odours increased with each measurement. There was a significant difference among rhinomanometric measurements of airflow through the right (F = 65.002; P < 0.001) and left nostrils (F = 75.465; P < 0.001). Nasal airflow improved with each measurement. The minimum airflow required for olfactory stimulation in successfully rehabilitated patients was approximately 60 cm3/s. The control group had considerably better airflow in both nostrils than the laryngectomised group. The difference between the total number of rehabilitated (normosmic) patients (48%) in the laringectomised group and normosmic participants (56%) in the control group (z = 1.132; P = 0.129) was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:  The number of odours identified by laryngectomised patients increased with the volume of nasal airflow. The number of patients with rehabilitated olfactory function approximated the percentage of normosmic individuals in the non‐laryngectomised population. These findings confirm the hypothesis that sense of smell is rehabilitated once the nasal airflow is re‐established.
Characterization of Glioma Stem Cells Through Multiple Stem Cell Markers and Their Specific Sensitization to Double‐Strand Break‐Inducing Agents by Pharmacological Inhibition of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein
Authors: Raso Alessandro , Vecchio Donatella , Cappelli Enrico , Ropolo Monica , Poggi Alessandro , Nozza Paolo , Biassoni Roberto , Mascelli Samantha , Capra Valeria , Kalfas Fotios , Severi Paolo , Frosina Guido
Published: January 2012

Previous studies have shown that tumor‐driving glioma stem cells (GSC) may promote radio‐resistance by constitutive activation of the DNA damage response started by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein. We have investigated whether GSC may be specifically sensitized to ionizing radiation by inhibiting the DNA damage response. Two grade IV glioma cell lines (BORRU and DR177) were characterized for a number of immunocytochemical, karyotypic, proliferative and differentiative parameters. In particular, the expression of a panel of nine stem cell markers was quantified by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and flow cytometry. Overall, BORRU and DR177 displayed pronounced and poor stem phenotypes, respectively. In order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiation on GSC, the cells were preincubated with a nontoxic concentration of the ATM inhibitors KU‐55933 and KU‐60019 and then irradiated. BORRU cells were sensitized to radiation and radio‐mimetic chemicals by ATM inhibitors whereas DR177 were protected under the same conditions. No sensitization was observed after cell differentiation or to drugs unable to induce double‐strand breaks (DSB), indicating that ATM inhibitors specifically sensitize glioma cells possessing stem phenotype to DSB‐inducing agents. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of ATM may specifically sensitize GSC to DSB‐inducing agents while sparing nonstem cells.
Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Inoculated at Different Depths of Non‐Intact Blade‐Tenderized Beef Steaks
Authors: Adler Jeremy M. , Geornaras Ifigenia , Belk Keith E. , Smith Gary C. , Sofos John N.
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  Studies evaluated thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated at different depths of simulated blade‐tenderized non‐intact steaks. Fresh beef slices (0.3 or 0.6 cm thick) were stacked on top of each other to form 2.4 or 1.2 cm thick steaks. Steaks were blade‐tenderized and then inoculated with rifampicin‐resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 (8 strain mixture; 4 log CFU/cm2) on the surface or between slices, vacuum‐packaged, and stored at 4 or –20 °C for 5 d before cooking. Steaks were cooked by pan‐broiling or roasting to a geometric center temperature of 60 °C. Frozen samples were either cooked from the frozen state or after thawing to approximately 4 or 25 °C. In steaks inoculated on the external surface and cooked by pan‐broiling, pathogen survivors recovered from thinner (1.2 cm) steaks were greater (P < 0.05) than those recovered from thicker (2.4 cm) steaks. Cooking steaks from a frozen state or after thawing (4 or 25 °C) did not (P≥ 0.05) affect extent of pathogen inactivation. Survivors after pan‐broiling of 2.4 cm thick steaks increased (P < 0.05) from 0.3 to 1.3 log CFU/cm2 for surface‐inoculated steaks to 2.5 to 3.2 log CFU/cm2 for samples inoculated at the center (1.2 cm depth). In comparison, overall thermal destruction of the pathogen in steaks cooked by roasting was less, and survivor counts were generally not different (P≥ 0.05) at each depth of inoculation. These data should be useful in development of lethality guidelines to ensure safe consumption of non‐intact meat products.

Practical Application:  Results of this study should be useful for developing cooking guidelines, for foodservice establishments and consumers, to ensure safe consumption of non‐intact meat products.
Anterior mediastinal cystic seminoma
Authors: Hata Yoshinobu , Isobe Kazutoshi , Sato Fumitomo , Takahashi Shoji , Goto Hidenori , Tamaki Kazuyoshi , Wakayama Megumi , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Takagi Keigo
Published: January 2012

Mediastinal cystic seminoma is uncommon; only 17 cases have been reported, most diagnosed postoperatively, without recurrence on follow‐up, even without radiotherapy. Here, we report a mediastinal seminoma showing a unilocular cyst with enhancing thickened wall in computed tomography (CT) and septal structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a 24‐year‐old man. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake was not significant. Histopathologically, seminoma cells were found scattered in the cyst wall. Twenty months after resection, the patient's quality of life is good, without chemotherapy or radiation. Cystic seminoma has a good prognosis and complete resection without adjuvant therapy might be sufficient for young patients of reproductive age.
Effect of interferon therapy on first and second recurrence after resection of hepatitis C virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sakae Masayuki , Kubo Shoji , Takemura Shigekazu , Sakata Chikaharu , Uenishi Takahiro , Kodai Shintaro , Shinkawa Hiroji , Urata Yorihisa , Ohata Kazunori , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Nishioka Takayoshi , Nozawa Akinori , Suehiro Shigefumi
Published: January 2012

Aim:  Several investigators have shown that interferon (IFN) therapy can suppress the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment. We investigated the effect of IFN therapy on the first and second HCC recurrence following hepatic resection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related HCC.

Methods:  Subjects included 166 patients who had undergone curative resection for a single HCV‐related HCC. We analyzed the outcome after initial hepatic resection and risk factors of a second HCC recurrence following treatment for the first HCC recurrence.

Results:  Using multivariate analysis, a non‐sustained virological response (non‐SVR) was significantly associated with a high incidence of first HCC recurrence. The rate of second HCC recurrence tended to be higher in the non‐SVR group than in the SVR group. In the patients with recurrence of multiple tumors or who received non‐curative treatment for recurrent HCC, the second HCC recurrence rates were significantly higher. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that non‐curative treatment for first HCC recurrence was an independent risk factor for a second HCC recurrence. Among the patients who received curative treatment for their first HCC recurrence, the rates of second recurrence were significantly higher in the non‐SVR group than in the SVR group. Multivariate analysis also revealed that SVR was independently associated with prevention of a second HCC recurrence.

Conclusions:  These results suggest that on first HCC recurrence, a curative treatment should be considered in order to prevent a second recurrence if possible. In addition, IFN therapy contributes to improved prognosis after curative treatment, even in patients with recurrent HCC.
Appointment Overbooking in Health Care Clinics to Improve Patient Service and Clinic Performance
Authors: LaGanga Linda R. , Lawrence Stephen R.
Published: January 2012

The problem of no‐shows (patients who do not arrive for scheduled appointments) is particularly significant for health care clinics, with reported no‐show rates varying widely from 3% to 80%. No‐shows reduce revenues and provider productivity, increase costs, and limit patient access by reducing effective clinic capacity. In this article, we construct a flexible appointment scheduling model to mitigate the detrimental effects of patient no‐shows, and develop a fast and effective solution procedure that constructs near‐optimal overbooked appointment schedules that balance the benefits of serving additional patients with the potential costs of patient waiting and clinic overtime. Computational results demonstrate the efficacy of our model and solution procedure, and connect our work to prior research in health care appointment scheduling.
The Impact of Logistics Performance on Trade
Authors: Hausman Warren H. , Lee Hau L. , Subramanian Uma
Published: January 2012

This paper studies the impact of logistics performance on global bilateral trade. Taking a supply chain perspective, logistics performance refers to cost, time, and complexity in accomplishing import and export activities. We draw on a data set compiled by the World Bank containing specific quantitative metrics of logistics performance in terms of time, cost, and variability in time. Numerous researchers have shown that logistics performance is statistically significantly related to the volume of bilateral trade. Our research calibrates the impact of specific improvements in logistics performance (time, cost, and reliability) on increased trade. Our findings can spur public and private agencies that have direct or indirect influence over logistics performance to focus attention on altering the most relevant aspects of logistics performance to improve their country's ability to compete in today's global economy. Moreover, as our logistics metrics are directly related to operational performance, countries can use these metrics to target actions to improve logistics and monitor their progress.
Vehicle Replacement in the International Committee of the Red Cross
Authors: Pedraza‐Martinez Alfonso J. , Van Wassenhove Luk N.
Published: January 2012

This article studies 4 × 4 vehicle replacement within the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), one of the largest humanitarian organizations. ICRC policy sets the replacement of vehicles at 5 years or 150,000 km, whichever comes first. Using field data collected at the ICRC headquarters and national level we study the ICRC policy. Our results suggest that the organization can make considerable savings by adjusting its replacement policy. This study contributes to the area of logistics and transportation research in humanitarian operations.
Training, Production, and Channel Separation in ITC's E‐Choupal Network
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ju , J. George Shanthikumar , Zuo‐Jun Max Shen
Published: January 2012

In recent years, I.T.C. Limited (hereafter ITC) developed the “e‐Choupals” for the rural areas of India. In this new business model, ITC reaches implicit agreements with some farmers (inside the network) that they can sell the products directly to ITC at the market price in the local market, but allow the farmers, both inside and outside the network, to access valuable information through the e‐Choupals. In this study, we investigate ITC's incentive of offering such opportunities, especially to those farmers outside the network, and analyze the farmers’ strategic quantity decisions. We show that the implicit agreement behaves as a formal contract, regardless of the price elasticity of the local market: Once reaching an agreement with ITC, the farmers always give priority to delivering directly to ITC. The e‐Choupal network leads naturally to the complete separation of selling channels, provided that ITC's capacity constraint is not tight. Surprisingly, in a variety of scenarios, ITC finds it optimal to provide the best available training to the farmers outside the network. We further show that our results are not prone to potential cheating in the mandi system, the possible exploitation via postponed payments, and the stochastic effects on the market‐clearing price.
Post‐transfusion survival of biotin‐labeled allogeneicRBCs in adult horses
Authors: Mudge Margaret C. , Walker Naomi J. , Borjesson Dori L. , Librach Fred , Johns Jennifer L. , Owens Sean D.
Published: January 2012

Background

Post‐transfusion survival of allogeneicRBCs has been reported to be much shorter in horses than in other species. We hypothesized that post‐transfusion survival of biotinylated allogeneic equineRBCs would be greater than the survival previously reported from studies using radioactiveRBC‐labeling techniques.

Objective

The study objective was to determine post‐transfusion survival ofN‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)‐biotin‐labeled allogeneic equineRBCs transfused into adult horses.

Methods

Horses were adults and included 5 donors and 5 recipients. All horses were blood‐typed, and donors were paired with recipients based upon blood type and crossmatch results. Donor blood was collected in a volume of 4 L into citrate phosphate dextrose adenine‐1 and stored for 24 hours, labeled withNHS‐biotin, and re‐infused into recipients. Post‐transfusion blood samples were collected at 15 minutes and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Biotin‐labeledRBCs were detected by flow cytometry using streptavidin–phycoerythrin. Post‐transfusion survival at 24 hours, lifespan, and half‐life of biotinylatedRBCs were determined.

Results

Mean ± SDsurvival of biotinylatedRBCs at 24 hours post‐transfusion was 95 ± 24%; the mean lifespan of transfused allogeneicRBCs was 39 days based on calculation of a linear regression survival curve, and mean post‐transfusionRBChalf‐life was 20 days.

Conclusions

Post‐transfusion survival of 24‐hour stored equine allogeneicRBCs was greater than previously reported but less than that observed for other companion animal species. Mechanisms for the relatively short post‐transfusion lifespan of allogeneic equineRBCs remain unknown and warrant further study.
Serum transthyretin concentration is decreased in dogs with nonthyroidal illness
Authors: Piechotta Marion , Raila Jens , Rick Markus , Beyerbach Martin , Hoppen Hans‐Otto
Published: January 2012

Background

Hypothyroidism in dogs is often difficult to diagnose owing to nonspecific clinical signs and laboratory test results that can be mimicked by nonthyroidal illness (NTI). Thyroxine (T4) circulates in blood mainly bound to T4‐binding globulin and, to a lesser degree, transthyretin (TTR) and albumin. The concentration of total T4 depends on the concentrations of these binding proteins.

Objectives

We hypothesized that dogs with NTI and decreased serum total T4 concentrations would have decreased serum TTR concentrations. The objective of the study was to measure and compare serum TTR concentrations in healthy dogs, in dogs with NTI and low serum T4 concentrations, and in dogs with hypothyroidism.

Methods

Assignment of dogs to 3 groups was based on physical examination and serum concentrations of T4 and TSH (mean ± SD): for healthy dogs (n = 13), T4 was 24.8 ± 3.6 nmol/L and TSH was 0.15 ± 0.08 μg/L; for dogs with NTI and low T4 (n = 20), T4 was 3.2 ± 3.0 nmol/L and TSH was 0.18 ± 0.13 μg/L; and for hypothyroid dogs (n = 19), T4 was 5.3 ± 4.3 nmol/L and TSH was 2.33 ± 1.90 μg/L). TTR concentrations in serum were determined semiquantitatively using western blot analysis.

Results

Serum TTR concentration (mean ± SD) was decreased in the dogs with NTI (24.8 ± 7.9 mg/L) compared with that of hypothyroid dogs (41.1 ± 21.4 mg/L, P = .0035). Differences were not found between TTR concentrations in clinically healthy dogs (33.3 ± 10.1 mg/L) and hypothyroid dogs or dogs with NTI.

Conclusions

Serum TTR concentrations were significantly decreased in dogs with NTI and low T4 compared with concentrations in hypothyroid dogs. Additional studies should be done to determine if TTR concentrations can discriminate between dogs with NTI and low T4 and dogs with primary hypothyroidism.
Equine mammary gland disease with a focus on botryomycosis: A review and case study
Authors: Smiet E. , Grinwis G. C. M. , van den Top J. G. B. , Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan M. M.
Published: January 2012

Mammary gland problems occur incidentally in horses and one of the rarer conditions is botryomycosis (bacterial pseudomycosis, bacterial granuloma, staphylococcal pseudomycetoma). This article includes a short review of equine mammary gland problems inappropriate lactation, mastitis and neoplasia and botryomycosis, and additionally 2 clinical cases of botryomycosis of the udder resulting fromStaphyloccocus aureusinfection will be discussed. Both cases involved nonpregnant, nonlactating mares referred for chronic mammary inflammation with draining abcessation. In both mares, botryomycosis caused byS. aureuswas confirmed by histopathology and a bacterial culture. Both mares recovered fully after surgical hemimastectomy under general anaesthesia.
Neonatal respiratory distress and sepsis in the premature foal: Challenges with diagnosis and management
Authors: Johnson P. J. , LaCarrubba A. M. , Messer N. T. , DeClue A. E.
Published: January 2012

The presentation of a premature, neonatal foal affected with respiratory distress and seizures represents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge often best addressed by the provision of appropriate emergency care followed by prompt referral to a well‐equipped critical care facility. Veterinary management of the premature foal described in the accompanying report was complicated by the development of sepsis and pulmonary failure. The development of pulmonary emphysematous bullae was identified during the course of the foal's treatment and probably contributed to its clinical deterioration. Diagnostic imaging modalities that may be used for the diagnosis of respiratory distress in neonatal foals include thoracic radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both CT and MRI require general anaesthesia. The likelihood of a successful outcome for the foal in this report might have been improved by the provision of urgent veterinary care and referral to the critical care facility earlier in the course of its management. Important early indicators of the need for urgent veterinary care in this case included the foal's prematurity, inability to stand, and the need to provide manual support to facilitate nursing from the mare's udder. Foals affected in this manner should warrant treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials, circulating volume maintenance, immunoglobulin support, and the use of a nasogastric tube to facilitate nutritional support.
Efect of Ambient and Fuel Pressure on Spray Drop Size
Authors: DeCorso S. M.
Published: January 2012

After a brief review of existing knowledge concerning the effect of ambient pressure on spray drop size, results are presented for a swirl nozzle at fuel Δp’s of 25 and 100 psi for ambient gas pressures of 0.5, 14.5, and 114.5 psia. The liquid sprayed is diesel fuel, the nozzle capacity being 45 gal/hr at 100 psi Δp, and the nominal spray angle, 80 deg. The photographic method by which drop size was determined is described. Curves are presented which show the spatial variation in fuel flow rate, spray-stream velocity, and drop size. The notable effects are large drop size and velocity variations across the spray stream, and for the total nozzle output, an increase in the drop size as the ambient pressure goes from 14.5 to 114.5 psia. Some ramifications of the results are discussed.
Presentation of a Blade-Design Method for Axial-Flow Turbines, Including Design and Test Results of a Typical Axial-Flow Stage
Authors: Baumgartner F. , Amsler R.
Published: January 2012

A method is presented to determine the shape of stationary nozzle blades and rotor blades for an axial-flow-type turbine in a generally consistent manner based on the concept of aerodynamic blade loading. The mean blade load is a typical design parameter which predominantly determines the blade curvature. It depends in particular on the rate of change of momentum across the blade row. By applying the design method, airfoil shapes are obtained which satisfy the momentum requirements regardless of what blade-load distribution is assumed as long as the mean blade load remains constant. A specific application of the design method is described and test data are presented which show that good agreement between design goal and test results was achieved.
Development of a Three-Stage Liquid-Cooled Gas Turbine
Authors: Alpert Sumner , Grey R. E. , Flaschar W. O.
Published: January 2012

A three-stage gas turbine was designed to operate at 1750-F inlet temperature with nonstrategic, low alloy components. The rotor blades are cooled with water in a closed system, and the stators are cooled with air. A practical design for the rotor was evolved and tested. Heat-transfer data correlated well with expected values.
Blast-Furnace-Gas Cleaning for Iron and Ferromanganese Production
Authors: Mackay J. S. , Kearns J. F.
Published: January 2012

A process for removing the superfine smokes from ferromanganese blast-furnace gases having low investment and low operating cost is described. This method solves both the air and stream-pollution problems. The ferro blast-furnace gas is cleaned from 10 to 15 grains per cu ft to less than 0.01 grains per cu ft by a wet-washing procedure in a Pease Anthony venturi scrubber. The alkali cyanide stream-pollution problem is solved by the control of pH and complete recycle of the liquors so that the cyanide is stripped by the incoming gas and is subsequently burnt in the stoves or boilerhouse. The liquor is separated from solids in a Dorr thickener. The solids are removed in the underflow as a thick slurry which is either returned to the furnace or dumped in a pit in the ore yard. The overflow is pumped back to the venturi. The chemistry and physical equipment of the process are described.
An Experimental Investigation of Radial Thrust in Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Agostinelli A. , Nobles D. , Mockridge C. R.
Published: January 2012

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the magnitudes and directions of the unbalanced radial forces on centrifugal pump impellers. The work covers single volutes for a wide specific speed range, double volutes, concentric casings, and modifications of the concentric casing. The results are presented in graphical form and are discussed. A method, making use of strain gages, was devised for determining the magnitudes and directions of the resultant radial forces and is described.
Volute Pressure Distribution, Radial Force on the Impeller, and Volute Mixing Losses of a Radial Flow Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Iversen H. W. , Rolling R. E. , Carlson J. J.
Published: January 2012

A standard volute-type, radial-flow, centrifugal pump was instrumented to obtain the pressure distribution in the volute and also the bearing reactions from the pump hydraulic force transmitted to the shaft. The resultant force from the integrated pressure distribution was found to give a reasonable design approximation of the radial force. An analysis of hydraulic conditions within the volute gave pressure distributions and radial-force magnitudes that were comparable to those measured with certain qualitative interpretations about internal recirculations. In addition, the pressure-distribution analysis furnished an interpretation of the effect of the volute on the pump head-capacity performance with corrections to the impeller head. The predicted head-capacity relationship had the form of the measured pump performance.
The Propeller Turbines of the St. Lawrence Power Project
Authors: Fintak G. G.
Published: January 2012

Although the St. Lawrence River has long been recognized as a great economical source of water power, its development has been delayed until now for many reasons. The major obstacle has been the 125 miles of river which forms the common boundary between the United States and Canada. In this distance lies the International Rapids section of the St. Lawrence River, which necessitated a joint undertaking by both countries if power was to be developed. The St. Lawrence Power Project is the fulfillment of this joint undertaking. This paper describes the control structure required to harness the river and the design features of the hydraulic turbines which convert the power of this mighty river to useful, dependable electrical energy.
An Experimental Investigation of Fuel Additives in a Supercharged Boiler
Authors: Zoschak R. J. , Bryers R. W.
Published: January 2012

To permit the use of high-vanadium residual oil as fuel for combined super-charged-boiler gas-turbine power plants, it is necessary to determine the treatment required to prevent the high-temperature corrosion and deposit problems associated with this fuel. A test program has been undertaken wherein a number of magnesium and aluminum-bearing additives have been injected into washed residual oil when firing a laboratory-scale, simulated supercharged boiler. Different tube arrangements within the boiler have been tried. Ash collected on the tubes at various locations has been analyzed and its corrosive effect at high temperatures on some types of stainless steel has been evaluated. The results thus far obtained are presented together with some hypotheses regarding the formation of deposits.
A Torsional Vibration Problem as Associated With Synchronous Motor Driven Machines
Authors: Brown R. N.
Published: January 2012

Certain component failures in synchronous-driven high-inertia rotating equipment may be traced to a phenomenon peculiar to the starting characteristic of a salient-pole synchronous motor: A synchronous motor contributes a pulsating torque during the starting cycle. Though this fact is well known in itself, it has not been associated with the effect it may have on a high inertia load. The pulsating torque may excite a torsional resonance, which will in turn induce very high stresses in the driven train members.
Water-Treatment, Corrosion, and Internal-Deposit Studies for Eddystone
Authors: Ulmer R. C. , Grabowski H. A. , Patterson R. C.
Published: January 2012

Since water conditions could well decide whether the 5000-psi 1200-F Eddystone unit could be operated satisfactorily, every condition which might lead to a problem was given careful consideration. Tests at supercritical pressure indicated that a considerable amount of “soluble salts” deposited in the 850 to 950-F range when initially present at 2.0 ppm. Less deposition occurred with potassium salts than with sodium, but it was sufficient to make careful control of solids in the whole system imperative. This will be accomplished by demineralization of the make-up and by bypass demineralization of condensate as required. When present in the amount anticipated for Eddystone, even at 1200 F there was no measurable decomposition or deposition of salts. As to corrosion, proper control of dissolved oxygen and maintaining 10-ppb hydrazine and sufficient ammonia to give an 8.5 to 9.5 pH range, insured low metal pickup. Thus, deposition of metallic oxides in the boiler and turbine does not appear to be a problem. Corrosion tests and metallographic examination of the various alloys used indicate no harmful loss of metal or change in structure, hence no service-life problems are expected.
Material Selection and Fabrication, Main Steam Piping for Eddystone No. 1, 1200-F and 5000-Psi Service
Authors: Caughey R. H. , Benz W. G.
Published: January 2012

The results of a metallurgical investigation which led to and supported the selection of Type-316 stainless steel (17 Cr-13 Ni-2.5 Mo) piping and a welding electrode of 16Cr-8 Ni-2 Mo composition for fabricating the main steam system of Eddystone No. 1 are presented. The investigation revealed the comparative properties of welds in several combinations of columbium and molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steels. A brief description of the major steps required to fabricate the heavy-wall stainless-steel piping is presented.