bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de una familia colombiana con fenilcetonuria
Authors: Gelvez Nancy , Acosta Johana , López Greizy , Castro Derly , Prieto Juan Carlos , Bermúdez Martha L. , Tamayo Marta L.
Published: August 2016

Introducción. La fenilcetonuria es un desorden metabólico, caracterizado por compromiso neurológico severo y desorden del comportamiento, cuyo diagnóstico temprano permite establecer un tratamiento efectivo evitando las secuelas propias de la enfermedad, cambiando así el pronóstico.

Objetivo. Caracterizar a nivel clínico, bioquímico y molecular, una familia con fenilcetonuria en Colombia.

Materiales y métodos. Población de 7 individuos de una familia consanguínea, 4 hijos con clínica sugestiva de fenilcetonuria. Previo consentimiento informado, se tomaron muestras de sangre y orina, para pruebas colorimétricas, cromatografía de capa fina y cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia. Extracción de ADN y secuenciación de los 13 exones del gen PAH a todos los sujetos estudiados. Diseño de primers para cada exón con el programa “PRIMER3”, Secuenciación automática con equipo ABIPRISM 3100 Avant y Análisis de secuencias con el programa SeqScape v2.0.

Resultados. Se describen las características clínicas y moleculares de una familia colombiana con fenilcetonuria, en la que se identificó la mutación c.398_401delATCA y se presenta una correlación fenotipo-genotipo resaltando la interesante variabilidad clínica encontrada entre los afectados a pesar de tener la misma mutación todos ellos.

Conclusiones. Es importante el reconocimiento temprano de esta enfermedad para evitar secuelas neurológicas y psicológicas propias de la enfermedad, dado que llegan a edades avanzadas sin diagnóstico o manejo adecuado.
Predicción de la epidemia del virus respiratorio sincitial en Bogotá D.C. utilizando variables climatológicas
Authors: González-Parra Gilberto , Querales José F. , Aranda Diego
Published: August 2016

Introducción. El virus respiratorio sincitial es uno de los principales causantes de mortalidad de niños y adultos mayores en el mundo.

Objetivo. Predecir la semana de inicio del brote del virus respiratorio sincitial en Bogotá utilizando variables climatológicas como variables de predicción.

Materiales y métodos. Las fechas de inicio de la epidemias para niños menores de cinco años correspondientes al periodo 2005-2010, fueron obtenidos para la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Se seleccionaron las variables climatológicas utilizando la matriz de correlación y posteriormente se construyeron 1.020 modelos resultantes de combinar las distintas variables climatológicas y modelos con distintas semanas de anticipación al inicio del brote. Adicionalmente, se seleccionaron modelos utilizando datos de los periodos de seis años (2005-2010), cuatro años (2005-2008) y dos años (2009-2010). Utilizando los clasificadores de Naïve Bayes y la curva característica de operación del receptor (ROC) se logró determinar los mejores modelos y las variables climatológicas más relevantes.

Resultados. Los modelos que utilizaron el periodo de 2 años (2009-2010) y los de la semana 0, fueron los que tuvieron mejores resultados con un 52% y 60% de aciertos respectivamente. La humedad mínima fue la variable que más apareció en los mejores modelos con un 62%. Los clasificadores de Naïve Bayes permitieron establecer cuáles son los mejores modelos para predecir la semana de inicio del brote.

Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que los modelos que utilizan la humedad mínima, velocidad del viento y temperatura mínima son los que tienen el mayor potencial para ser utilizado como eficaces modelos predictivos.
Recomendaciones para el monitoreo de Aedes aegypti
Authors: Barrera Roberto
Published: August 2016

La enfermedades causadas por arbovirus transmitidos por Aedes aegypti como el dengue, chikungunya y Zika continúan aumentando en incidencia anual y expansión geográfica. Una limitación clave para el control de Ae. aegypti ha sido la ausencia de herramientas eficaces para monitorear su población y así poder determinar qué medidas de control realmente funcionan. El monitoreo de Ae. aegypti se ha basado principalmente en la obtención de los índices aédicos, los cuales guardan poca relación con el número de hembras del mosquito que son las que transmiten los virus. El reciente desarrollo de técnicas de muestreo de adultos de esta especie vectora promete facilitar las labores de monitoreo y control. En esta revisión se presentan las diversas técnicas de monitoreo de este mosquito, junto a una discusión de su utilidad, y se ofrecen recomendaciones para lograr una vigilancia entomológica más efectiva.
Tendencia de la mortalidad y morbilidad por tos ferina en Colombia 2002-2012
Authors: Cardona Doris , Segura Ángela , Garzón María Osley , Calle Mateo , Agudelo Maite Catalina
Published: August 2016

Introducción. La tos ferina es un problema de salud pública que afecta principalmente a niños menores de un año en quienes los desenlaces son altamente letales; es una enfermedad reemergente, prevenible con inmunización.

Objetivo. Analizar la tendencia de la mortalidad y morbilidad por tos ferina en Colombia entre los años 2002-2012.

Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo cuantitativo de las muertes por tos ferina entre 2002-2012 con fuente de información secundaria según certificados de defunción del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, y casos reportados al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública 2005-2012. Se calcularon medidas de frecuencia, tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad y sobremortalidad femenina.

Resultados. El 51,2% de las muertes ocurrieron en mujeres; el año con más defunciones fue 2012; el 67,3% pertenecían al área urbana y el 43,5% estaban afiliados al régimen subsidiado de salud. El riesgo de enfermar fue de 1,88 por mil nacidos vivos con mayor riesgo en Vaupés y Vichada. El riesgo de morir fue de 0,02 por mil nacidos vivos; la tendencia de la letalidad mostró disminución.

Conclusión. La mortalidad y morbilidad por tos ferina ha mostrado reemergencia; al ser esta una enfermedad prevenible por medio de la vacunación se recomienda mayor control y mejora en las coberturas de vacunación tanto en niños como en adultos que son un importante reservorio de la enfermedad; para un efectivo control de la tos ferina se recomienda un trabajo continuo orientado a su identificación oportuna; también es preciso adelantar acciones para mejorar la calidad del dato con el fin de facilitar análisis y generación de información cada vez más válida.
Bunyaviruses are common in male and femaleIxodes scapularisticks in central Pennsylvania
Authors: Sakamoto Joyce M. , Ng Terry Fei Fan , Suzuki Yasutsugu , Tsujimoto Hitoshi , Deng Xutao , Delwart Eric , Rasgon Jason L.
Published: August 2016

The blacklegged tickIxodes scapularisis widely distributed in the United States and transmits multiple pathogens to humans, wildlife and domestic animals. Recently, several novel viruses in the family Bunyaviridae (South Bay virus (SBV) and Blacklegged tick phlebovirus (BTPV)) were identified infecting femaleI. scapularisticks collected in New York State. We used metagenomic sequencing to investigate the distribution of viruses infecting male and femaleI. scapularisticks collected in Centre County, Pennsylvania. We identified both SBV and BTPV in both male and female ticks from all collection locations. The role of maleI. scapularisin pathogen epidemiology has been overlooked because they rarely bite and are not considered important pathogen vectors. However, males may act as reservoirs for pathogens that can then be transmitted to females during mating. Our data highlight the importance of examining all potential avenues of pathogen maintenance and transmission throughout the vector-pathogen life cycle in order to understand the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens.
Partitioning uncertainty in ocean carbon uptake projections: Internal variability, emission scenario, and model structure
Authors: Lovenduski Nicole S. , McKinley Galen A. , Fay Amanda R. , Lindsay Keith , Long Matthew C.
Published: August 2016

We quantify and isolate the sources of projection uncertainty in annual‐mean sea‐air CO2 flux over the period 2006–2080 on global and regional scales using output from two sets of ensembles with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and models participating in the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). For annual‐mean, globally‐integrated sea‐air CO2 flux, uncertainty grows with prediction lead time and is primarily attributed to uncertainty in emission scenario. At the regional scale of the California Current System, we observe relatively high uncertainty that is nearly constant for all prediction lead times, and is dominated by internal climate variability and model structure, respectively in the CESM and CMIP5 model suites. Analysis of CO2 flux projections over 17 biogeographical biomes reveals a spatially heterogenous pattern of projection uncertainty. On the biome scale, uncertainty is driven by a combination of internal climate variability and model structure, with emission scenario emerging as the dominant source for long projection lead times in both modeling suites.
Discrepant estimates of primary and export production from satellite algorithms, a biogeochemical model, and geochemical tracer measurements in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Palevsky Hilary I. , Quay Paul D. , Nicholson David P.
Published: August 2016

Estimates of primary and export production (PP and EP) based on satellite remote sensing algorithms and global biogeochemical models are widely used to provide year‐round global coverage not available from direct observations. However, observational data to validate these approaches are limited. We find that no single satellite algorithm or model can reproduce seasonal and annual geochemically determined PP, export efficiency (EP/PP), and EP rates throughout the North Pacific basin, based on comparisons throughout the full annual cycle at time series stations in the subarctic and subtropical gyres and basin‐wide regions sampled by container ship transects. The high‐latitude regions show large PP discrepancies in winter and spring and strong effects of deep winter mixed layers on annual EP that cannot be accounted for in current satellite‐based approaches. These results underscore the need to evaluate satellite‐ and model‐based estimates using multiple productivity parameters measured over broad ocean regions throughout the annual cycle.
Contrasting effects of urbanization and agriculture on surface temperature in eastern China
Authors: Zhou Decheng , Li Dan , Sun Ge , Zhang Liangxia , Liu Yongqiang , Hao Lu
Published: August 2016

The combined effect of urbanization and agriculture, two most pervasive land use activities, on the surface climate remains poorly understood. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data over 2010–2015 and forests as reference, we showed that urbanization warmed the land surface temperature (LST), especially during the daytime and in growing seasons (maximized at 5.0 ± 2.0°C in May), whereas agriculture (dominated by double‐cropping system) cooled the LST in two growing seasons during the daytime and all the months but July during the nighttime in Jiangsu Province, eastern China. Collectively, they had insignificant effects on the LST during the day (−0.01°C) and cooled the LST by −0.6°C at night. We also found large geographic variations associated with their thermal effects, indicated by a warming tendency southward. These spatiotemporal patterns depend strongly on vegetation activity, evapotranspiration, surface albedo, and the background climate. Our results emphasize the great potential of agriculture in offsetting the heating effects caused by rapid urbanization in China.
A cold‐wet middle‐latitude environment on Mars during the Hesperian‐Amazonian transition: Evidence from northern Arabia valleys and paleolakes
Authors: Wilson Sharon A. , Howard Alan D. , Moore Jeffrey M. , Grant John A.
Published: August 2016

The growing inventory of post‐Noachian fluvial valleys may represent a late, widespread episode of aqueous activity on Mars, contrary to the paradigm that fluvial activity largely ceased around the Noachian‐Hesperian boundary. Fresh shallow valleys (FSVs) are widespread from ~30 to 45° in both hemispheres with a high concentration in northern Arabia Terra. Valleys in northern Arabia Terra characteristically start abruptly on steeper slopes and terminate in topographic depressions at elevations corresponding to model‐predicted lake levels. Longer valley systems flowed into and out of chains of paleolakes. Minimum discharges based on the dimensions of the incised channel assuming medium to coarse sand‐size grains ranges from tens to hundreds of m3 s−1, respectively, consistent with formation via snowmelt from surface or sub‐ice flows. Hydrologic calculations indicate the valleys likely formed in hundreds of years or less, and crater statistics constrain the timing of fluvial activity to between the Hesperian and middle Amazonian. Several craters with channels extending radially outward supports evidence for overflow of interior crater lakes possibly fed by groundwater. Most FSVs occur away from young impact craters which make an association with impact processes improbable. The widespread occurrence of FSVs along with their similar morphology and shared modest state of degradation is consistent with most forming during a global interval of favorable climate, perhaps contemporaneous with alluvial fan formation in equatorial and midlatitudes. Evidence for a snowmelt‐based hydrology and considerable depths of water on the landscape in Arabia supports a cold, wet, and possibly habitable environment late in Martian history.
MEMS‐based LC tank with extended tuning range for multiband applications
Authors: Cazzorla A. , Farinelli P. , Urbani L. , Sorrentino R. , Margesin B.
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the modeling, simulations, and measurements of a compact multiband microelectromechanical (MEMS)‐based LC tank resonator suitable for low phase noise voltage‐controlled oscillators (VCOs). The resonator is based on a high‐Q spiral inductor and high capacitance ratio varicap fully integrated in FBK‐irst (Fondazione Bruno Kessler) MEMS manufacturing process. The design of the varicap is based on double‐actuation mechanism with a mechanical central bond that inhibits the pull‐in allowing for a theoretically infinite tuning ratio. The measurements have shown a total not continuous capacitance ratio (Cr) of 5.2 with a continuous variation of the capacitance values in the range 225 fF–600 fF which corresponds to a continuous capacitance ratio (Cr*) of 2.6. The performance repeatability, the power‐handling capability, and the stability over time were tested on 10 samples showing a negligible variation of the capacitance values. The spiral inductor consists of a suspended gold membrane thick 5 µm in a circular shape which was modeled in order to optimize the quality factor (Q) in the frequency range 2–4 GHz. The measurement results show a Q of about 55 in the 2–4 GHz frequency band. The LC tank measurements show an overall tuning range better than of 45% in the 3.2–4.9 GHz frequency band, consisting of two continuous tuning ranges of 7.5% and 25%. The LC tank allowed the design of MEMS‐based voltage‐controlled oscillators (VCOs) with an overall tuning better than 60% in the frequency range 2.15 GHz–3.85 GHz and two separate regions of continuous tuning range. The VCO prototype will be fabricated on Surface Mount Technology on RO4350 laminate. The main figures of merit are presented in comparison with the state of the art.
One‐Step Synthesis of CoS‐Doped β‐Co(OH)2@Amorphous MoS2+x Hybrid Catalyst Grown on Nickel Foam for High‐Performance Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yoon Taeseung , Kim Kwang S.
Published: August 2016

Developing efficient and economical electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction with readily available metals is one of the main challenges for large scale hydrogen/oxygen production. This study reports one step synthesis of cobalt and molybdenum hybrid materials for high performance overall water splitting. The binder‐free CoS‐doped β‐Co(OH)2@amorphous MoS2+x is coated on nickel foam (NF) to form 3D networked nanoplates that have large surface area and high durability for electrochemical reactions. The catalytic activity of electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution is mainly attributed to the unsaturated sulfur site of amorphous MoS2+x. Meanwhile, the CoS‐doped β‐Co(OH)2 plays the major role in oxygen evolution. CoS‐doped β‐Co(OH)2 and aMoS2+x are strongly bound to each other due to CoSx bridging. This CoSCo(OH)2@aMoS2+x/NF hybrid exhibits excellent catalytic activity and stability for overall water splitting. For over 100 000 s the cell voltage required to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm–2 is only 1.58 V, which is remarkably low among the commercially available electrocatalysts. The findings open up an easy and inexpensive method of large scale fabrication of bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
Anisotropic Lattice Distortions in Biogenic Minerals Originated from Strong Atomic Interactions at Organic/Inorganic Interfaces
Authors: Zolotoyabko Emil
Published: August 2016

In this paper, the atomic structure of biogenic calcium carbonate is comprehensively reviewed with a focus on structural distinctions between biogenic and abiotic materials. We systematically describe most of the important experimental findings in this field from the first discovery of lattice distortions in biogenic aragonite, followed by observations that showed that anisotropic lattice distortions are widespread in biogenic calcite and aragonite produced by different organisms. We discuss the physical origin of this phenomenon and provide experimental evidences that lattice distortions originate from strong atomic interactions at organic/inorganic interfaces. We propose that lattice distortions are amplified at an early stage of biomineralization via an amorphous precursor and subsequent amorphous/crystalline phase transformation within a confined space outlined by organic macromolecules.
New‐Type Nickel Oxalate Nanostructures for Ultrahigh Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensing of Glucose
Authors: Dong Chaoqun , Yan Xuejiao , Si Conghui , Gao Hui , Ma Wensheng , Cheng Guanhua , Yang Wanfeng , Zhong Hua , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: August 2016

This study reports a unique binder‐free nickel oxalate (NiC2O4) nanodiamond‐decorated Ni foam which is fabricated through anodization, as a new‐type electrode material for nonenzymatic glucose biosensing. The electrode presents multilinear detection ranges with ultrahigh sensitivities (up to 144.26 mA mm
−1 cm−2) and an ultralow detection limit (5 × 10−9m), as well as acceptable selectivity and stability toward glucose detection. The superior sensing performance not only originates from the electrochemical catalytic activity of NiC2O4 nanodiamonds, but also associates with its in situ growth on the skeleton of Ni foam, making full use of the high conductivity of the metal substrate and the direct interface contact between the two materials and concurrently promoting superior electronic/ion conductivity of the whole electrode. Besides, a new method to determine the turnover frequency is introduced to evaluate the intrinsic chemical properties of biochemical catalysts for glucose detection. This is the first attempt to systematically illustrate that nickel oxalate can also be applied to the electrochemical oxidation of glucose. More significantly, the findings can direct the fabrication of many other oxalate‐based nanostructured glucose biosensors with high performance.
Chemical Protection of Polycarbonate Surfaces by Atomic Layer Deposition of Alumina with Oxygen Plasma Pretreatment
Authors: Park Suk Won , Bae Kiho , Kim Jun Woo , Lee Gyeong Beom , Choi Byoung‐Ho , Lee Min Hwan , Shim Joon Hyung
Published: August 2016

This study reports the effect of an O2 plasma pretreatment of polycarbonate (PC) films for the enhanced integration of Al2O3 films prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the PC substrate. It is revealed that the plasma treatment produces functional groups on the PC surface, which are essential for the ALD of Al2O3. Specifically, it is revealed that a significant amount of carbonyl groups, essential for the chemisorption of the precursors and covalent binding with the Al2O3 surface protection layer, are present in the plasma‐treated PC surface. To evaluate the chemical resistivity of the PC‐ALD alumina film, an acetone immersion test is conducted. As a result, a severe degradation occurs in the plasma‐untreated PCs, even with a sufficiently thick ALD alumina protection layer. In contrast, the PCs that are plasma‐treated and coated with the ALD alumina exhibit a significantly improved stability against acetone etching. Light transmittance and surface morphology analysis support this improvement.
Controllable Formation of Zinc Oxide Micro‐ and Nanostructures via DUV Direct Patterning
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Cheng , Liu Hung‐Chuan , Chuang Ming‐Yen , Denzer Joseph , Berling Dominique , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Soppera Olivier
Published: August 2016

Various kinds of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, such as ZnO nanowires, ZnO nanobelts, ZnO nanosheets, and ZnO nanorods are promising building blocks for nanoscale systems. However, to precisely control the size, shape, and to make a controlled assembly of synthesized ZnO nanostructures are major difficulties in the development of bottom‐up devices. To overcome the challenge regarding reproducibility and positioning, a new method is proposed, deep ultra‐violet (DUV) direct photo‐patterning, to create ZnO micro‐ and nanostructures.

A sol–gel formulation sensitive to DUV light and based on zinc methacrylate precursor is developed, and the photoreactions of zinc methacrylate under DUV light are carefully investigated by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, in situ FTIR, and XPS analysis. Then, the sol–gel solution is used as a negative tone resist in DUV lithography to evaluate its performance in producing high‐resolution patterns. The results indicate that small patterns from micro‐ to nanoscale can be obtained in a simple and direct way.
Quaternary Organic Solar Cells Enhanced by Cocrystalline Squaraines with Power Conversion Efficiencies >10%
Authors: Goh Tenghooi , Huang Jing‐Shun , Yager Kevin G. , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Nam Chang‐Yong , Tong Xiao , Guard Louise M. , Melvin Patrick R. , Antonio Francisco , Bartolome Benjamin G. , Lee Minjoo L. , Hazari Nilay , Taylor André D.
Published: August 2016

The incorporation of multiple donors into the bulk‐heterojunction layer of organic polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been demonstrated as a practical and elegant strategy to improve photovoltaics performance. However, it is challenging to successfully design and blend multiple donors, while minimizing unfavorable interactions (e.g., morphological traps, recombination centers, etc.). Here, a new Förster resonance energy transfer‐based design is shown utilizing the synergistic nature of three light active donors (two small molecules and a high‐performance donor–acceptor polymer) with a fullerene acceptor to create highly efficient quaternary PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 10.7%. Within this quaternary architecture, it is revealed that the addition of small molecules in low concentrations broadens the absorption bandwidth, induces cocrystalline molecular conformations, and promotes rapid (picosecond) energy transfer processes. These results provide guidance for the design of multiple‐donor systems using simple processing techniques to realize single‐junction PSC designs with unprecedented PCEs.
Consumer Willingness‐to‐Pay for Genetically Modified Potatoes in Ireland: An Experimental Auction Approach
Authors: Thorne Fiona , Fox John A. (Sean) , Mullins Ewen , Wallace Michael
Published: August 2016

It is recognized that many consumers are skeptical about genetically modified (GM) foods. Yet less is known about the extent to which consumers may purchase GM food products given suitable price positioning and marketing information on nonprice attributes of the products. In this study, we examine consumer acceptance of GM late blight resistant potatoes in Ireland. Our analysis uses an experimental auction methodology that facilitates positive and negative bids to provide a more complete revelation of preferences. Results show that a majority of participants preferred conventional potatoes to GM potatoes. Favorable information about GM increased subjects’ valuations of GM potatoes. After being informed about potential economic and health benefits, up to two‐thirds of our subjects indicated that they would choose GM potatoes at a 20% price discount, while 14% of subjects would still reject GM potatoes at any price. Higher levels of education, greater familiarity with GM, and the presence of children in the household were associated with lower valuation of the GM product. [EconLit citations: C91; D12].
Spectrum of epilepsy and electroencephalogram patterns in idic (15) syndrome
Authors: Battaglia Agatino , Bernardini Laura , Torrente Isabella , Novelli Antonio , Scarselli Gloria
Published: August 2016

Previous reports summarized the seizure types occurring in patients with idic(15) syndrome. To better define this issue, we retrospectively analyzed the evolution of electroencephalogram findings and seizures in 35 patients with confirmed idic(15). Epilepsy occurred in 28 patients (80%), with a median age of onset of 3 years 3 months. The initial seizures were infantile spasms associated with a hypsarrhythmic electroencephalogram (nine patients), focal/generalized tonic (seven patients), or atypical absences (eight patients). High doses of oral steroids were given in all nine children with infantile spasms, with remission of seizures and resolution of electroencephalogram abnormalities. Among them, three were seizure free at the time of evaluation, but six later developed Lennox–Gastaut syndrome or Lennox–Gastaut‐like syndrome. The eight patients with atypical absences developed Lennox–Gastaut syndrome or Lennox–Gastaut‐like syndrome. Epilepsy was well controlled in 32% of the patients; satisfactorily controlled (seizures reduced >75%) in 21.4%; partially controlled (seizures reduced <50%) in 10.7%; and uncontrolled in 32%. One patient was not taking any anti‐epileptic drugs by his parents’ choice. Fourteen percent were on monotherapy; whereas the other 82% were on polytherapy. Seizures stopped at a median age of 5 years 5 months. The interictal electroencephalogram showed slow/sharp waves, and/or biphasic spikes‐polyspikes, spike/wave complexes, and an excess of fast activity mainly over the fronto‐temporal areas. Epilepsy is a major clinical challenge in patients with idic(15), associated with a poor prognosis in 55%. Frontal lobe seizures are a novel finding. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attitudes toward carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis for recessive hereditary deafness among the educated population in urban China
Authors: Fu Xiaoli , Cai Yi , Hu Yechen , Liu Jisheng , Yang Tao
Published: August 2016

Approximately 80% of hereditary deafness is recessive, in which case most mutation carriers were unaware of their carrier status. Though parental attitudes toward genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis are overall positive in those with deaf children, there is little information about that in the general population. To this end, we designed a self‐completed questionnaire and distributed it in two colleges in Shanghai, China. A total of 975 completed surveys were returned in print or online forms. Our results showed that 98.7% of the respondents without family history of early onset deafness did not know or underestimated their likelihood to carry a recessive mutation in common deafness genes. After brief written information was given using GJB2, the most common recessive deafness gene as the example, 67.7% of the respondents expressed interest in knowing if they are carriers of GJB2 mutations through genetic testing. In hypothetical circumstance of carrying a recessive GJB2 mutation, 86.9% would suggest their partners to also take the test. In case that both were carriers, 88.7% would consider prenatal diagnosis and 80.7% would consider terminating an affected pregnancy. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that despite the poor awareness to the risk of recessive hereditary deafness, the majority of the educated population in urban China likely hold a positive view toward carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis of recessive deafness genes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intramolecular Radical Aziridination of Allylic Sulfamoyl Azides by Cobalt(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Effective Construction of Strained Heterobicyclic Structures
Authors: Jiang Huiling , Lang Kai , Lu Hongjian , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang X. Peter
Published: August 2016

Cobalt(II)‐based metalloradical catalysis (MRC) has been successfully applied for effective construction of the highly strained 2‐sulfonyl‐1,3‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane structures in high yields through intramolecular radical aziridination of allylic sulfamoyl azides. The resulting [3.1.0] bicyclic aziridines prove to be versatile synthons for the preparation of a diverse range of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diamine derivatives by selective ring‐opening reactions. As a demonstration of its application for target synthesis, the metalloradical intramolecular aziridination reaction has been incorporated as a key step for efficient synthesis of a potent neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonist in 60 % overall yield.
Wertmetalle – Gewinnungsverfahren, aktuelle Trends und Recyclingstrategien
Authors: Fröhlich Peter , Lorenz Tom , Martin Gunther , Brett Beate , Bertau Martin
Published: August 2016

Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über Wertmetalle, deren Versorgungslage für Europa als kritisch eingestuft wird. Aufbauend auf einer Darstellung des Stands der Technik werden neue Ansätze, vornehmlich seit 2005, zur Gewinnung aus Primärrohstoffen vorgestellt und die Recyclingverfahren diskutiert. Ausgehend von den jeweiligen Lagerstätten sowie der Mineralchemie wird aufgezeigt, welche Strategien zur Gewinnung der Metalle verfolgt werden. Außerdem wird auf die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung und Verwendung der Metalle eingegangen.
Valuable Metals—Recovery Processes, Current Trends, and Recycling Strategies
Authors: Fröhlich Peter , Lorenz Tom , Martin Gunther , Brett Beate , Bertau Martin
Published: August 2016

This Review provides an overview of valuable metals, the supply of which has been classified as critical for Europe. Starting with a description of the current state of the art, novel approaches for their recovery from primary resources are presented as well as recycling processes. The focus lies on developments since 2005. Chemistry strategies which are used in metal recovery are summarized on the basis of the individual types of deposit and mineral. In addition, the economic importance as well as utilization of the metals is outlined.
A Panel of TrpB Biocatalysts Derived from Tryptophan Synthase through the Transfer of Mutations that Mimic Allosteric Activation
Authors: Murciano‐Calles Javier , Romney David K. , Brinkmann‐Chen Sabine , Buller Andrew R. , Arnold Frances H.
Published: August 2016

Naturally occurring enzyme homologues often display highly divergent activity with non‐natural substrates. Exploiting this diversity with enzymes engineered for new or altered function, however, is laborious because the engineering must be replicated for each homologue. A small set of mutations of the tryptophan synthase β‐subunit (TrpB) from Pyrococcus furiosus, which mimics the activation afforded by binding of the α‐subunit, was demonstrated to have a similar activating effect in different TrpB homologues with as little as 57 % sequence identity. Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses indicate that the mutations function through the same mechanism: mimicry of α‐subunit binding. From these enzymes, we identified a new TrpB catalyst that displays a remarkably broad activity profile in the synthesis of 5‐substituted tryptophans. This demonstrates that allosteric activation can be recapitulated throughout a protein family to explore natural sequence diversity for desirable biocatalytic transformations.
Synergistic enhancement of glass fiber and tetrapod‐shaped ZnO whisker on the mechanical and thermal behavior of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Zhao Songfang , Cheng Lei , Leng Jinfeng , Guo Lingzhi , Gao Yongju , Zheng Yuying , Cao Duxia
Published: August 2016

Improvement of mechanical and thermal properties is always the goal of high‐performance general plastic for engineering applications. Herein, isotactic polypropylene/glass fiber/tetrapod‐shaped zinc oxide (iPP/GF/T‐ZnOw) composites are developed via melt‐extrusion on twin‐screw extruder. To improve the distribution of T‐ZnOw in iPP matrix, T‐ZnOw is first modified by various silane coupling agents and its structure is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The optimized treatment condition is determined via comparison of activation index. The introduction of GF and T‐ZnOw could improve the mechanical properties including tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength, indicating that the surface modification and compatibilizer could enhance the interfacial interaction of iPP/GF/T‐ZnOw composites. Moreover, XRD and differential scanning calorimentryresults show that T‐ZnOw as a novel β‐nucleating agent could induce the formation of β‐crystal and the existence of GF counteracts the formation of β‐crystal induced by T‐ZnOw. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44217.
End‐Point Regulation and Vibration Suppression of a Flexible Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Huang Deqing
Published: August 2016

In this paper, end‐point regulation and vibration suppression are investigated for a flexible robotic manipulator subject to the external disturbances. The dynamics of the flexible robotic manipulator is represented by one partial differential equation (PDE) and five ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Based on the Lyapunov's direct method, boundary control is developed to drive the manipulator to the desired set‐point and simultaneously suppress the vibrations of the flexible manipulator. Considering the unknown spatiotemporally varying disturbance, uniform boundedness of the closed‐loop system is achieved. The control performance of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed by suitably choosing the design parameters. Simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Static magnetic field induced epigenetic changes in wheat callus
Authors: Aydin Murat , Taspinar Mahmut Sinan , Cakmak Zeynep Elibol , Dumlupinar Rahmi , Agar Guleray
Published: August 2016

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is always damaged by endogenous and exogenous factors. Magnetic field (MF) is one of these exogenous factors. When repair mechanisms are not sufficient, mainly because of imbalance in damage or mistakes in repair mechanisms, methylation of DNA results in polymorphism‐related abnormalities. In this study, low intensity static magnetic field‐induced DNA damage and methylation in wheat calli were investigated by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Coupled Restriction Enzyme Digestion‐Random Amplification techniques. Calli were derived from mature embryos of wheat. Both 7‐ and 14‐day‐old wheat calli were exposed to 7 mT (millitesla) static MF for 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 h of incubation period. The highest change in polymorphism rate was obtained in calli exposed to 7 mT MF for 120 h in both 7‐ and 14‐day‐old calli. Increase in MF duration caused DNA hypermethylation in both 7‐ and 14‐day‐old calli. Polymorphism and DNA methylation ratio were higher in 7‐day‐old calli. The highest methylation level with a value of 25.1% was found in 7‐day‐old calli exposed to MF for 120 h. Results suggested that low intensity static magnetic field may trigger genomic instability and DNA methylation. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:504–511, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost-effectiveness of supervised exercise therapy compared with endovascular revascularization for intermittent claudication
Authors: van den Houten M M L , Lauret G J , Fakhry F , Fokkenrood H J P , van Asselt A D I , Hunink M G M , Teijink J A W
Published: August 2016

Background

Current guidelines recommend supervised exercise therapy (SET) as the preferred initial treatment for patients with intermittent claudication. The availability of SET programmes is, however, limited and such programmes are often not reimbursed. Evidence for the long-term cost-effectiveness of SET compared with endovascular revascularization (ER) as primary treatment for intermittent claudication might aid widespread adoption in clinical practice.

Methods

A Markov model was constructed to determine the incremental costs, incremental quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of SETversus ER for a hypothetical cohort of patients with newly diagnosed intermittent claudication, from the Dutch healthcare payer's perspective. In the event of primary treatment failure, possible secondary interventions were repeat ER, open revascularization or major amputation. Data sources for model parameters included original data from two RCTs, as well as evidence from the medical literature. The robustness of the results was tested with probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analysis.

Results

Considering a 5-year time horizon, probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that SET was associated with cost savings compared with ER (−€6412, 95 per cent credibility interval (CrI) –€11 874 to –€1939). The mean difference in effectiveness was −0·07 (95 per cent CrI −0·27 to 0·16) QALYs. ER was associated with an additional €91 600 per QALY gained compared with SET. One-way sensitivity analysis indicated more favourable cost-effectiveness for ER in subsets of patients with low quality-of-life scores at baseline.

Conclusion

SET is a more cost-effective primary treatment for intermittent claudication than ER. These results support implementation of supervised exercise programmes in clinical practice.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule Magnet Properties of Transition‐Metal Ions Encapsulated in Lacunary Polyoxometalates: A Theoretical Study.
Authors: Aravena Daniel , Venegas‐Yazigi Diego , Ruiz Eliseo
Published: August 2016

All electronic structure and multireference ab initio calculations are performed to analyze the single‐molecule magnet (SMM) properties of three [M(γ‐SiW10O36)2] (M: MnIII, FeIII, CoII) complexes previously synthesized and characterized by Sato et al.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Variety of Defect Perovskite Variants M3E2X9 (M: Rb, Tl, E: Bi, Sb, X: Br, I).
Authors: Chang Jen‐Hui , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael
Published: August 2016

The crystal structures of Rb3Sb2Br9 (I), Rb3Sb2I9 (II), Rb3Bi2Br9 (III), Rb3Bi2I9 (IV), and Tl3Bi2Br9 (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stability, Magnetic Properties and Large Refrigerant Capacity of Ternary Gd55Co35M10 (M: Mn, Fe and Ni) Amorphous Alloys.
Authors: Zhong X. C. , Huang X. W. , Shen X. Y. , Mo H. Y. , Liu Z. W.
Published: August 2016

The title alloys are prepared by arc melting the elements in Ar atmosphere and characterized by XRD, magnetic, and magnetocaloric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced High‐Voltage Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Battery Enabled by “Water‐in‐Bisalt” Electrolyte.
Authors: Xu Kang , et al.
Published: August 2016

A 21 molal aqueous LiN(Tf)2 (corresponding to a stoichiometric compound of LiN(Tf)2(H2O)2.6) mixed with 7 molal LiOTf is used as super‐concentrated electrolyte (cation to H2O ratio of 1:2) in a standard Li‐ion coin cell based on LiMn2O4 and C‐coated TiO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Induced Photoeletrochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Hierarchical CuBi2O4 by Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis.
Authors: Zhu Lu , Basnet Pradip , Larson Steven R. , Jones Les P. , Howe Jane Y. , Tripp Ralph A. , Zhao Yiping
Published: August 2016

Narrow bandgap semiconductor CuBi2O4 microstructures (3D hierarchical microspheres, microflowers, 1D microrods and nanorods) are fabricated by varying the conditions in hydrothermal reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Cu(NO3)2 and Bi(NO3)3 by differently concentrated NaOH additions (autoclave, 100 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Broad‐Spectrum Liquid‐ and Gas‐Phase Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents by One‐Dimensional Heteropolyniobates.
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Lv Hongjin , Sullivan Kevin P. , Gordon Wesley O. , Balboa Alex , Wagner George W. , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , Bacsa John , Hill Craig L.
Published: August 2016

A wide range of chemical warfare agents and their simulants are catalytically decontaminated by K12[Ti2O2] [GeNb12O40]·19H2O under mild conditions and in the dark.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Aminodiboranate: A Long‐Sought Isomer of Diammoniate of Diborane and Ammonia Borane Dimer.
Authors: Chen Weidong , Yu Haibo , Wu Guotao , He Teng , Li Zhao , Guo Zaiping , Liu Huakun , Huang Zhenguo , Chen Ping
Published: August 2016

Formation of [NH4][BH3NH2BH3] by metathesis reaction between Na(BH3NH2BH3) and NH4SCN in a 1:1 molar ratio in THF at ‐18 °C is monitored by 11B NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide—ZnII Complex Catalyzes the Enantioselective [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynones with Cyclic Enol Silyl Ethers.
Authors: Kang Tengfei , Ge Shulin , Lin Lili , Lu Yan , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: August 2016

Chiral N,N′‐dioxide ligands derived from (S)‐pipecolic acid and L‐proline in combination with Zn(NTf2)2 are successfully employed as catalyst system for the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of alkynones with cyclic enol ethers to give fused cyclobutenones in good yields and stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylation of β‐Haloacrylaldehydes: Formal Total Syntheses of Pteroenone and Antillatoxin.
Authors: Koukal Petr , Ulc Jan , Necas David , Kotora Martin
Published: August 2016

The TIBP‐catalyzed allylation of β‐iodoacrylaldehyde (I) with crotylboronic acid ester (II) gives rise to chiral iodoalcohol (III), which is converted by Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction into intermediates (V) of the natural compounds pteroenone (VI) and antillatoxin (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Lactams via Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles.
Authors: Kong Duanyang , Li Meina , Zi Guofu , Hou Guohua
Published: August 2016

The f‐spiroPhos‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles (I) followed by Ni‐mediated reduction with NaBH4 leads to lactam precursors (III) of femoxetine and paroxetine.
ChemInform Abstract: Triethylamin‐Mediated Addition of 2‐Aminoethanethiol Hydrochloride to Chalcones: Synthesis of 3‐(2‐aminoethylthio)‐1‐(aryl)‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐ones and 5,7‐Diaryl‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐thiazepines.
Authors: Guerdere Meliha Burcu , Emec Ali Cemal , Aslan Osman Nuri , Budak Yakup , Ceylan Mustafa
Published: August 2016

Depending on aryl substituents and reaction conditions, 3‐(2‐aminoethylthio)‐1‐(aryl)‐3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐ones [(III) and (VI)] or thiazepines [(IV), (VII), and (IX)] are synthesized by reaction of various chalcones with aminoethanethiol employed as the hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Chromones via a Two‐Base Mediated Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Dong Qian , Shen Hong C. , Jiang Min
Published: August 2016

A wide range of functionalized chromones is prepared from o‐haloaroyl chlorides and ketones via sequential C‐acylation and O‐arylation under transition‐metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: C(sp3)—H Bond Functionalization by Sequential Hydride Transfer/Cyclization: Electronic Effect and Steric Effect Controlled Regioselectivity.
Authors: Wang Liang , Xiao Jian
Published: August 2016

Both the electronic and steric effect have a dramatic impact on the title reaction of substrate (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) as an Efficient Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic C—H Bonds to Carbonyl Compounds with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide.
Authors: Zarghani Monireh , Akhlaghinia Batool
Published: August 2016

The oxidation reactions are effectively and economically performed under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Regioselective Reductive Deoxygenation of 1‐En‐4‐yn‐ols into 1,4‐Enynes Through FeF3 and TfOH Co‐Catalysis.
Authors: Yang Zonglian , Kumar Rapolu Kiran , Liao Peiqiu , Liu Zhaohong , Li Xingqi , Bi Xihe
Published: August 2016

The reductive deoxygenation of enynols (III) with 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonic acid hydrazide leads to desired 1,4‐enynes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II) Complexes Derived from 2‐Phenylthiazoline‐4‐carboxylic Acid: Structure and Catalytic Activity for Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction.
Authors: Denizalti Serpil , Sen Betuel , Goekce Aytac Guerhan , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: August 2016

The new thiazolinecarboxylate ruthenium complexes RUC and RUP show good catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation reactions of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Amines via Hydroamination of Allenes with Benzophenone Imine.
Authors: Xu Kun , Wang Yu‐Hsuan , Khakyzadeh Vahid , Breit Bernhard
Published: August 2016

α‐Chiral allylic amines are prepared by highly regio‐ and enantioselective hydroamination of various allenes applying a rhodium(I)/Josiphos catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: New Palladium(II)—‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Containing Benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene Ligand Derived from Menthol: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activities.
Authors: Kilincarslan Rafet , Emin Guenay M. , Firinci Rukiye , Denizalti Serpil , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: August 2016

It is demonstrated that complexes such as (PMN) and (PDH) are efficient catalysts for Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Protocol for Cu‐Catalyzed Protodecarboxylation of (Hetero)aromatic Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Li Zhaojie , Fu Zhengjiang , Zhang Haixia , Long Jiao , Song Yuanyuan , Cai Hu
Published: August 2016

A viable and low‐cost method for the synthesis of previously unavailable arenes from readily accessible aryl carboxylic acids as the starting materials is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfunctional Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc Alkenyl Reagents as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Complex Heterocycles.
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Benischke Andreas D. , Greiner Robert , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2016

New conjunctive β‐silylated organometallic reagents of Li, Mg, and Zn are prepared and used for an expeditive construction of various polyfunctionalized 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐membered heterocycles, such as furans, pyrroles, quinolines, benzo[b]thieno‐[2,3‐b]pyridine, naphthyridines, fused pyrazoles, and 2,3‐dihydro‐benzo[c]azepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric Reductive Amination for the Synthesis of Chiral β‐Arylamines.
Authors: Huang Haizhou , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhou Le , Chang Mingxin , Zhang Xumu
Published: August 2016

The highly efficient and direct asymmetric reductive amination of arylacetones catalyzed by an iridium complex for the preparation of enantiomerically pure β‐arylamines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom‐Economical Synthesis of 3,3,3‐Trifluoropropanal Dialkyl Acetals Through Pd/C Catalyzed Acetalization of 3,3,3‐Trifluoropropene.
Authors: Kang Jian‐Ping , Lu Ju‐You , Li Yang , Wang Zhi‐Xuan , Mao Wei , Lu Jian
Published: August 2016

The catalyst can be recycled up to four times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Radical Cation Salt Initiated N—H Insertion and Related Proton‐Transfer‐Delay Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Huo Congde , Xie Haisheng , Yang Caixia , Dong Jie , Wang Yajun
Published: August 2016

The three‐component reaction of anilines with diazoacetates and azodicarboxylates in the presence of radical cation salt (BNS) allows the synthesis of unsymmetrical aminals.