bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proche aidance et conjugalité aux âges avancés : motivations et postures
Authors: Van Pevenage Isabelle , Dauphinais Chloé , Dupont Didier , Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie
Published: March 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux motifs avancés par des personnes âgées pour expliquer le soin apporté à leur conjoint au Québec. Les expériences de l’aide explorées ici se situent au prisme de la conjugalité et de la prise en charge d’un conjoint nécessitant du soutien au quotidien. Nos analyses visent à approfondir les motifs de l’aide, en les inscrivant dans leurs contextes particuliers dont celui de la relation conjugale. Cela nous apparaît d’autant plus important que les recherches sur la proche aidance se sont principalement concentrées sur les relations filiales. Basés sur l’analyse de 27 entretiens menés auprès de personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus qui offrent un soutien quotidien à leur conjoint malade, les résultats montrent que les motivations des proches aidantes s’inscrivent pour une grande part dans une logique de préservation des continuités conjugales et identitaires. En outre, les participantes présentent, au moment de l’entretien, différentes postures face à leur situation : des personnes assument complètement leur engagement, d’autres se montrent davantage résignées et d’autres encore présentent un profil davantage subi. Ces postures ne peuvent toutefois être appréhendées sans considérer le rôle déterminant des facteurs contextuels que sont le type et la trajectoire de la maladie, l’état de santé physique et psychologique de la proche aidante, ainsi que l’accès, l’organisation et la qualité des services formels.
Parents d’adultes avec une déficience intellectuelle : un engagement pour la vie
Authors: Paignon Adeline , Laverrière Séverine , Lalive d’Épinay Raemy Séverine , Cinter Françoise
Published: March 2020

Face à l’allongement de l’espérance de vie dans nos sociétés actuelles, les instances socio-éducatives et de santé s’interrogent sur le devenir des personnes en situation de handicap. En Suisse, le vieillissement conjoint des parents et de leurs enfants en situation de handicap avec une déficience intellectuelle préoccupe ces différentes instances. Qu’elles vivent en internat ou en externat, le vieillissement de ces personnes confronte les parents, les professionnels, les institutions, le système socio-sanitaire à la prise en compte de nouvelles dimensions dans l’accompagnement, notamment celle du suivi de santé. C’est dans ce contexte que nous questionnons l’engagement des parents dans le suivi de santé de leur fils/fille et de ce qu’il implique pour chacun des acteurs du réseau d’accompagnement.
Les aidants dans les représentations des professionnels de la gériatrie
Authors: Talpin Jean-Marc
Published: March 2020

À partir d’un matériel résultant de groupes d’analyse de la pratique professionnelle dans le champ de la gériatrie (à domicile ou en institution) seront ici repérés les enjeux psychiques et relationnels mobilisés par les représentations, fantasmes et mouvements pulsionnels des soignants vis-à-vis des aidants familiaux et des âgés. Après une réflexion sémantique sur le terme d’aidant, seront distinguées les représentations de l’aidant familial (individuel ou en groupe) comme partenaire du soin à l’âgé, comme sujet souffrant, comme sujet psychopathologique, comme antagoniste. Pour chaque proposition, sa fonction psychique pour les professionnels sera étudiée. La posture professionnelle demande de pouvoir contenir les paradoxes entre ces différentes représentations, faute de quoi le paradoxe sera destructeur ou pour le moins perturbateur du lien.
Les limites du cahier de liaison dans la prise en charge des personnes âgées
Authors: Legout Marie-Christine , Cahour Béatrice
Published: March 2020

Cet article interroge les difficultés engendrées lors de l’accès des proches au cahier de liaison au cours de la prise en charge à domicile des personnes âgées dépendantes. Ce questionnement s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de dématérialisation du cahier de liaison. Après avoir spécifié la distinction entre support informationnel et dispositif institutionnel dans la littérature en sciences cognitives et en sociologie, nous appréhendons le cahier de liaison comme un dispositif institutionnel ouvert, mettant en présence deux positions d’énonciation différentes lorsque les auxiliaires de vie font usage du cahier de liaison avec les proches. Sur la base d’une analyse des contenus informationnels au domicile et d’entretiens auprès des intervenants professionnels et des proches, nous mettons en évidence, par l’approfondissement de deux cas, les limites du cahier de liaison comme dispositif de communication institutionnel avec les proches.
Comment des pompiers réinventent l’économie des uniformes
Authors: Malassigné Paul
Published: March 2020

Pour éviter l’enfouissement de tenues de pompiers réformées, le commandant Malassigné se lance dans l’organisation de leur collecte et de leur transformation en matériau isolant, avec la coopération de deux entreprises. Fort de ce succès, il s’attache maintenant à développer cette économie circulaire.
L’accueil familial thérapeutique. Une expérience italienne au tournant des XIX e et XX e siècles
Authors: Scarfone Marianna
Published: March 2020

Débutée à la toute fin du xix e siècle à l’initiative de quelques directeurs d’asiles d’Italie centrale, la pratique du patronage hétéro-familial constitue une forme de prise en charge des aliénés alternative à l’internement asilaire strictu sensu , consistant à confier les malades « chroniques, tranquilles et inoffensifs » à des familles d’infirmiers habitant dans des villages situés aux alentours de l’hôpital psychiatrique. Cet article vise à analyser les tenants et les aboutissants de ce modèle, mais aussi sa mise en œuvre concrète en interrogeant, à travers le vécu des malades sélectionnés pour les premiers essais et les écrits des médecins promoteurs du système, l’expérience de Reggio Emilia, depuis ses débuts en 1898, soit quelques années avant que l’accueil hétéro-familial soit institutionnalisé par la loi italienne sur les asiles et les aliénés (1904), jusqu’à sa fin en 1942. En effet, sous le poids des contraintes de la guerre, les besoins des hôtes-nourriciers et des asiles ne coïncident plus : les hôtes ne sont plus en mesure d’entretenir les aliénés qui leur sont confiés avec l’allocation octroyée par la province et les institutions asilaires ont besoin du travail des malades valides pour survivre. Il n’en reste pas moins que pendant plusieurs décennies, ce système a permis, dans une certaine mesure, aux asiles de réguler le nombre de leurs patients ; à certains foyers de bénéficier d’un revenu supplémentaire ; et à bon nombre de malades de sortir de l’institution tout en restant sous son contrôle, d’un point de vue clinique et légal.
Xylo-oligosaccharides from sugarcane show prebiotic potential in a dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the adult human large intestine
Authors: Venema K. , Verhoeven J. , Verbruggen S. , Keller D.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from sugarcane in a validated, dynamic, computer-controlledin vitromodel of the colon (TIM-2) simulating human adults. In two sets of experiments, each with a different microbiota, 3 different doses of XOS were tested at 1.0 g/day, 1.5 g/day and 3.0 g/day. Thein vitromodel was run for 72 h, and at the start and subsequently every 24 h samples were taken and analysed for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gut microbiota composition. SCFA were analysed using ion chromatography, whereas microbiota composition was analysed using sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. XOS showed a similar SCFA production per gram of substrate as the control medium, including butyrate, which is considered to be important for gut health. In both sets of experiments XOS showed a consistent dose-dependent increase in abundance over time of the genusBifidobacterium, and within that of the speciesB. adolescentisand an unidentified species (labelled ‘sp.1’). The results show the potential prebiotic effect of XOS from sugarcane, by its capacity to generate butyrate and increase the health-beneficial bifidobacteria.
Retail refrigerated probiotic foods and their association with evidence of health benefits
Authors: Dailey Z. , Sanders M.E. , Merenstein D.
Published: March 2020

Probiotic usage in food is widespread and growing. The objective of this study was to determine the percentage of probiotic food products sold in the refrigerated section of retail grocery stores in the Washington DC area that we could link to evidence of any health benefit. We surveyed refrigerated sections of eight large grocery stores representing five national chains for probiotic products. Based on declared probiotic composition (strain and count) for each product, we searched PubMed for controlled trials that provided evidence of any health benefit. Our assessment showed that 49% (22 out of 45 distinct probiotic foods) could be linked to evidence supporting a health benefit. All products indicating strain composition could be linked to evidence. Our study suggests that consumers have a reasonable likelihood of purchasing a refrigerated probiotic food with evidence, but room for improvement exists.
Complete ILM Peeling Versus Inverted Flap Technique for Macular Hole Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Marques Raquel Esteves , Sousa David Cordeiro , Leal Inês , Faria Mun Yueh , Marques-Neves Carlos
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare complete internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with the inverted flap technique for macular hole (MH) surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

An electronic database search on PubMed, CENTRAL, and
ClinicalTrials.gov
was performed. Inclusion criteria were comparative prospective/retrospective studies including patients with MH of any size with at least 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcome was MH closure rate. Secondary outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity improvement and surgery-related adverse events.

RESULTS:

Sixteen papers enrolling 1,403 eyes were included (733 ILM peeling, 670 inverted flap). MH mean minimum diameter and time of symptomatic evolution were higher in the inverted flap group (531.1 μm ± 188.8 μm vs. 602.8 μm ± 223.8 μm; 10.4 ± 20.2 months vs. 12.0 ± 18.4 months;
P
< .01). Overall, MH closure rate was superior with the inverted flap technique (risk-ratio [RR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.38;
P
< .0001), as well as in all subgroups: idiopathic large MH (n = 362; RR: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05–1.20;
P
< .001), myopic MH without retinal detachment (n = 133; RR: 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14–1.59;
P
< .001), and MH retinal detachment (n = 198; RR: 1.89; 95% CI, 1.31–2.73;
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:

This meta-analysis suggests the inverted flap technique is more effective in achieving MH closure.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:187–195.]
A Microsurgical Vacuum Pick for Membrane Peeling Without Forceps During Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Awh Carl C. , Bass Eric J.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe a new device and method for peeling membranes without forceps during vitreoretinal surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A novel micro-vacuum-pick (MVP) was used to peel internal limiting membrane (ILM) and/or epiretinal membrane (ERM) in 24 consecutive pars plana vitrectomy procedures. The MVP was used to create an edge in the membrane, strip the membrane from the retinal surface, and evacuate the membrane from the eye through the lumen of the device using active aspiration.

RESULTS:

The MVP was the sole device used to peel and remove ILM and/or ERM in each case. No surgical complication occurred during any case. The MVP was used to perform the fluid-air exchange in all cases in which a fluid-air exchange was performed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The MVP introduces a new method of peeling ILM and ERM without forceps. The MVP device and method eliminate the need for a separate device to create an edge in the ILM or ERM, reduce or eliminate instrument exchanges during membrane peeling, and eliminate the need for a separate extrusion cannula for fluid-air exchange.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:196–199.]
Long-time behavior of a class of viscoelastic plate equations
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: March 2020

This paper is concerned with the initial-boundary value problem for a class of viscoelastic plate equations on an arbitrary dimensional bounded domain. Under certain assumptions on the memory kernel and the source term, the global well-posedness of solutions and the existence of global attractors are obtained.
On the mutual singularity of multifractal measures
Authors: Douzi Zied , Selmi Bilel
Published: March 2020

The aim of this article is to show that the multifractal Hausdorff and packing measures are mutually singular, which in particular provides an answer to Olsen's questions.
Sex and Symbol in Andalusian Comic Poetry
Authors: Gilmore David D.
Published: March 2020

Este artículo presenta unas coplas de chirigota compuestas por desempeño público durante el carnaval en una villa agraria de la provincia de Sevilla. Las coplas están compuestas entre los años 40 y 90. Representando un género folklórico burlesco social específicamente andaluz, las coplas son una prerrogativa solamente masculina, escritas por los «maestros de murga» e interpretadas por cantores masculinos («murguistas»). Basadas en imágenes eróticas, metáforas genitales y alegorías obscenas, las letras comunican una ideología masculina sobre la sexualidad, las relaciones entre el hombre y la mujer y la domesticidad. Concluye el artículo con una breve interpretación de las letras de chirigota, basándose el análisis en el concepto de «realismo grotesco» propuesto por el crítico ruso Bakhtin.
Canciones acumulativas sefardíes y congéneres hispánicos
Authors: Weich-Shahak Susana
Published: March 2020

El corpus de las canciones acumulativas en el repertorio poético musical de los judíos sefardíes se estudia aquí con la presentación de algunos ejemplos recogidos de la tradición oral, que se comparan con canciones acumulativas de la tradición hispánica. Se destacan dos aspectos del repertorio (tanto del sefardí como del español): su continuidad y su gran difusión geográfica; se señalan rasgos distintivos y se analizan las estructuras poético-musicales.
Folklore cigüeñil
Authors: Bernis Francisco
Published: March 2020

Pocos animales han generado un folklore tan extenso y variado como la cigüeña blanca. Desde al menos el inicio del Neolítico, esta ave ha desarrollado una pronunciada preferencia por anidar sobre edificios o árboles del paisaje rural o pastoril. El hombre, espectador cercano de las sucesivas manifestaciones de la intimidad del ciclo vital de la cigüeña, las interpreta unas veces de un modo animista o antropomorfo y, otras veces, con un marcado realismo. También se da el caso de que manifestaciones aparentemente obvias reciban una interpretación popular totalmente incorrecta. El propósito de este estudio es dar a conocer a los lectores españoles el folklore europeo sobre la cigüeña, tal como se recoge en la bibliografía alemana. El folklore español ya ha sido discutido en otro artículo ya publicado.
La antigua ceremonia de las doncellas Cantaderas en León
Authors: Alarcón Román Concepción
Published: March 2020

La fiesta de las Cantaderas, que celebraba el pueblo y la iglesia de León en su catedral el 15 de agosto (Asunción de la Virgen), era un ritual en el que se superponían y exaltaban una serie de eventos, de carácter tanto cíclico (anual-vital) como históricolegendario. En primer lugar, la describimos, a través de las fuentes histórico-literarias, en un período que se extiende entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Después, la analizamos como un ritual de paso y especialmente como una situación de liminaridad, lo que nos ayuda a comprender la interconexión de todos los elementos rituales.
Cuatro corporales atribuidos a Santa Clara de Asís
Authors: González Mena Mª Ángeles , Omaecheverría Ignacio
Published: March 2020

Se estudia la autenticidad de cuatro corporales atribuidos a Santa Clara de Asís, que se conservan en dos monasterios de clarisas en Salamanca y Zamora. La costumbre de regalar a sus monjas esta pieza litúrgica queda probada por documentación privada y oficial de la época. Se analiza su función, fábrica y técnicas, así como el paso de objeto útil a pieza de veneración, convertida en reliquia que se adorna con encajes y se expone en relicarios.
Un presunto caso de complicidad diabólica en el siglo XVIII: Alonso de Osuna y las religiosas del convento de Santa Clara de Antequera
Authors: Molero Valérie
Published: March 2020

Este artículo estudia un presunto caso de complicidad diabólica acaecido en el convento de Santa Clara de Antequera en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. Se analizan las actuaciones de las religiosas que denunciaron a un profesor de música por hechicero, así como la investigación llevada a cabo por el Santo Oficio durante más de ocho años. El convento de Santa Clara cobra especial interés por cuanto representa un microcosmos donde se dan cita algunos de los problemas religiosos, vinculados con la mentalidad supersticiosa que impregnaba la sociedad española dieciochesca.
El número nueve en la medicina popular
Authors: Gavilanes Emilio
Published: March 2020

La pregunta que plantea este trabajo es por qué aparece tanto el número nueve en la terapéutica popular. Qué simbolismo se esconde tras su empleo. Se empieza clasificando mitos y ritos en los que interviene el nueve, para agruparlos y extraer de cada grupo su posible simbolismo último. A continuación se estudia toda la variedad de formas en que aparece el nueve en diferentes remedios españoles. El estudio de un conjuro, eficaz contra cualquier mal, y de la concepción de la enfermedad en la mentalidad popular, permite proponer una respuesta a la pregunta planteada. Por último se estudia la distribución en diferentes países y culturas de los números que dominan en sus respectivos procedimientos.
Rey Páxaro (Un personaje folklórico desconocido y olvidado)
Authors: Fradejas Lebrero José
Published: March 2020

No disponible
El pasado en el presente de Sevilla: la Giralda como monumento disputado (1198-1568)
Authors: Lleo Canal Vicente
Published: March 2020

Los monumentos, como hitos urbanos, son susceptibles de asumir significados diversos y aun contrapuestos. Un caso notable en este sentido lo constituye la Giralda de Sevilla. Construida a fines del s. XII, como emblema del triunfo musulmán sobre los cristianos, identificados como «romanos» (se empotran lápidas e inscripciones en su base), a mediados del siglo XVI sufre una importante transformación destinada ahora a convertirlo en insignia del triunfo cristiano sobre la fe musulmana.
La construcción legendaria de la identidad. De los estereotipos sobre Castilla a la conmemoración de Villalar
Authors: Díaz G. Viana Luis
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo trata de la construcción legendaria de la identidad en un caso específico: el de los orígenes y carácter de Castilla la Vieja. El artículo también pone especial énfasis en la doble influencia -de la «gran» y «pequeña» tradición- en la creación de los estereotipos regionales y nacionales. Tal aproximación a la identidad se centra en los diferentes niveles de identificación que los castellanos acostumbran a emplear según el contexto, lugar y tiempo.
Conmemoración trágica de un triunfo: los Persas de Esquilo ( 472 a.C.)
Authors: García Gual Carlos
Published: March 2020

Se utiliza una pieza dramática griega -excepcionalmente histórica, y escrita sobre el propio mundo griego, y sobre los persas, los otros- para analizar la función «reflexiva» del teatro en su referencia presente al pasado, a lo mítico. Así como el pasado propio ofrece en el presente la oportunidad de «construir» la propia imagen, también los otros pueden ser descritos dramáticamente para hallar mejor nuestra identidad.
Dramas populares y conmemoraciones: los incas de Carhuamayo
Authors: Millones Luis
Published: March 2020

Carhuamayo es un poblado andino del Perú, cercano a un centro minero, del que ha sufrido una gran influencia (pérdida de tierras, olvido del gobierno, migraciones, etc.). El autor ha localizado varias obras dramáticas, creadas o re-creadas por migrantes del pueblo en este siglo, que han querido usar acontecimientos históricos o teatrales conocidos (conquista incaica o española, rebeliones coloniales, etc.) para fines presentes. La prueba histórica hallada del origen de estos textos -así como el estudio de su repercusión
popular real- es la que permite «reconocer» mejor la evidente manipulación de acontecimientos generales del pasado con fines locales presentes.
Recuerdo del recuerdo (Las «relaciones» de unas fiestas barrocas españolas)
Authors: Portús Pérez Javier
Published: March 2020

Mediante la comparación de las fuentes literarias y de archivo que nos han quedado sobre unas importantes fiestas religiosas celebradas en 1622 en Madrid, en este artículo se ha tratado de hacer un estudio valorativo del significado de las llamadas «relaciones de fiestas», y de identificar algunas de las leyes que las rigen.
Two Lineages of KLRA with Contrasting Transcription Patterns Have Been Conserved at a Single Locus during Ruminant Speciation
Authors: Gibson Mark S. , Allan Alasdair J. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Birch James , Gubbins Simon , Ellis Shirley A. , Hammond John A.
Published: March 2020

Cattle possess the most diverse repertoire of NK cell receptor genes among all mammals studied to date. Killer cell receptor genes encoded within the NK complex and killer cell Ig-like receptor genes encoded within the leukocyte receptor complex have both been expanded and diversified. Our previous studies identified two divergent and polymorphic KLRA alleles within the NK complex in the Holstein–Friesian breed of dairy cattle. By examining a much larger cohort and other ruminant species, we demonstrate the emergence and fixation of two KLRA allele lineages (KLRA*01 and -*02) at a single locus during ruminant speciation. Subsequent recombination events between these allele lineages have increased the frequency of KLRA*02 extracellular domains. KLRA*01 and KLRA*02 transcription levels contrasted in response to cytokine stimulation, whereas homozygous animals consistently transcribed higher levels of KLRA, regardless of the allele lineage. KLRA*02 mRNA levels were also generally higher than KLRA*01. Collectively, these data point toward alternative functional roles governed by KLRA genotype and allele lineage. On a background of high genetic diversity of NK cell receptor genes, this KLRA allele fixation points to fundamental and potentially differential function roles.
Promotion of T Regulatory Cells in Mice by B Cells and BAFF
Authors: Stohl William , Yu Ning
Published: March 2020

In addition to promoting B cell expansion, overexpression of BAFF promotes expansion of T cells, including T regulatory (Treg) cells. To determine the relationships among BAFF, B cells, and Treg cells, a panel of C57BL/6 (B6) congenic mice was tested. Treg cells were disproportionately expanded in mice expressing a Baff transgene (B6.BTg) and were disproportionately contracted in mice deficient in BAFF (B6.Baff−/−). In vitro suppressor activities of B6 wild-type, B6.BTg, and B6.Baff−/− Treg cells were identical, as was in vitro generation of Treg cells. In vivo proliferation of Treg cells was greatest in B6.BTg mice, whereas in vivo survival of Treg cells was lowest in B6.Baff−/− mice. B cells promoted BAFF-independent Treg cell expansion in vivo, as evidenced by the correlation between B cells and percentages of Treg cells in B6.Baff−/− mice and by the greater percentages of Treg cells in B6.Bcl2Tg mice (which harbor B cells largely independent of BAFF because of expression of a Bcl2 transgene) than in B6 wild-type mice despite the lower serum BAFF levels in the former than in the latter. Experiments with BAFF-deficient B6.Baff−/−.Bcl2Tg mice, B cell–deficient B6.μMT mice, BAFF-overexpressing/B cell–deficient B6.BTg.μMT mice, and BAFF-deficient/B cell–deficient B6.Baff−/−.μMT mice demonstrated that, in a host that harbors B cells, the effect of BAFF on Treg cells goes beyond its ability to expand the B cell population and is additional to the BAFF-independent effect of B cells on Treg cells. These findings may have considerable relevance to the treatment of B cell–associated autoimmune diseases.
4E-BP–Dependent Translational Control ofIrf8Mediates Adipose Tissue Macrophage Inflammatory Response
Authors: Pearl Dana , Katsumura Sakie , Amiri Mehdi , Tabatabaei Negar , Zhang Xu , Vinette Valerie , Pang Xinhe , Beug Shawn T. , Kim Sung-Hoon , Jones Laura M. , Robichaud Nathaniel , Ong Sang-Ging , Jia Jian-Jun , Ali Hamza , Tremblay Michel L. , Jaramillo Maritza , Alain Tommy , Morita Masahiro , Sonenberg Nahum , Tahmasebi Soroush
Published: March 2020

Deregulation of mRNA translation engenders many human disorders, including obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, and is associated with pathogen infections. The role of eIF4E-dependent translational control in macrophage inflammatory responses in vivo is largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the translation inhibitors eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. We show that the lack of 4E-BPs exacerbates inflammatory polarization of bone marrow–derived macrophages and that 4E-BP–null adipose tissue macrophages display enhanced inflammatory gene expression following exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). The exaggerated inflammatory response in HFD-fed 4E-BP–null mice coincides with significantly higher weight gain, higher Irf8 mRNA translation, and increased expression of IRF8 in adipose tissue compared with wild-type mice. Thus, 4E-BP–dependent translational control limits, in part, the proinflammatory response during HFD. These data underscore the activity of the 4E-BP–IRF8 axis as a paramount regulatory mechanism of proinflammatory responses in adipose tissue macrophages.
TNF-α and IL-10 Control CXCL13 Expression in Human Macrophages
Authors: Bellamri Nessrine , Viel Roselyne , Morzadec Claudie , Lecureur Valérie , Joannes Audrey , de Latour Bertrand , Llamas-Gutierrez Francisco , Wollin Lutz , Jouneau Stéphane , Vernhet Laurent
Published: March 2020

The chemokine CXCL13 controls the normal organization of secondary lymphoid tissues and the neogenesis of ectopic lymphoid structures in nonlymphoid organs, particularly the lungs. The progression and severity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal and irreversible interstitial lung disease, is predicted by the circulating blood concentrations of CXCL13. Although CXCL13 is produced by pulmonary tissues, it has not been determined which cells are involved. This study examines CXCL13 production by lung tissue macrophages from patients with IPF and the signaling pathways controlling CXCL13 gene expression in human alveolar macrophages (AM) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDM). CXCL13 is found in CD68- and CD206-positive AM from patients with IPF, and the CXCL13 gene is induced in these macrophages and MoDM when they are stimulated with LPS. We found that TNF-α and IL-10 control optimal CXCL13 gene expression in MoDM and possibly in AM by activating the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways, respectively. We also found that blood TNF-α and CXCL13 concentrations are significantly correlated in patients with IPF, suggesting that TNF-α contributes to CXCL13 production in humans. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that AM from patients with IPF produces CXCL13 and that the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways are required to induce the expression of this major chemokine.
Regulatory T Cells Limit Pneumococcus-Induced Exacerbation of Lung Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Moyé Steffi , Bormann Tina , Maus Regina , Sparwasser Tim , Sandrock Inga , Prinz Immo , Warnecke Gregor , Welte Tobias , Gauldie Jack , Kolb Martin , Maus Ulrich A.
Published: March 2020

Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can experience life-threatening episodes of acute worsening of their disease, termed acute exacerbation of IPF, which may be caused by bacterial and/or viral infections. The potential for regulatory T cells (Tregs) to limit disease progression in bacterially triggered fibrosis exacerbation has not been explored so far. In the current study, we show that the number of Tregs was significantly increased in mice with established AdTGF-β1–induced lung fibrosis and further increased in mice with pneumococcal infection–induced lung fibrosis exacerbation. Diphtheria toxin–induced depletion of Tregs significantly worsened infection-induced fibrosis exacerbation as determined by increased lung collagen deposition, lung histology, and elevated pulmonary Th1/Th2 cytokine levels. Conversely, IL-2 complex–induced Treg expansion in wild-type mice with established lung fibrosis completely inhibited pneumococcal infection–induced fibrosis exacerbation as efficaciously as antibiotic treatment while preserving lung antibacterial immunity in mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of Tregs as “silencers,” suppressing infection-induced exacerbation of lung fibrosis in mice, and their expansion may offer a novel adjunctive treatment to limit acute exacerbations in patients with IPF.
Baby’s First Macrophage: Temporal Regulation of Hofbauer Cell Phenotype Influences Ligand-Mediated Innate Immune Responses across Gestation
Authors: Swieboda Dominika , Johnson Erica L. , Beaver Jacob , Haddad Lisa , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Hathcock Matthew , Cordes Sarah , Jean Valerie , Lane Ivy , Skountzou Ioanna , Chakraborty Rana
Published: March 2020

The importance of fetal placental macrophages (Hofbauer cell [HCs]) is underscored by their appearance 18 d postconception and maintenance through term; however, how human HCs evolve during healthy pregnancy and how microenvironment and ontogeny impact phenotype and function remain unknown. In this study, we comprehensively classify human HCs ex vivo, interrogate phenotypic plasticity, and characterize antiviral immune responses through gestation. Activated HCs were abundant in early pregnancy and decreased by term; molecular signatures emphasize inflammatory phenotypes early in gestation. Frequency of HCs with regulatory phenotypes remained high through term. Furthermore, term HCs exhibited blunted responses to stimulation, indicating reduced plasticity. IFN-λ1 is a key placental IFN that appeared less protective than IFN-α, suggesting a potential weakness in antiviral immunity. Ligand-specific responses were temporally regulated: we noted an absence of inflammatory mediators and reduced antiviral gene transcription following RIG-I activation at term despite all HCs producing inflammatory mediators following IFN-γ plus LPS stimulation. Collectively, we demonstrate sequential, evolving immunity as part of the natural history of HCs through gestation.
Novel, Non–Gene-Destructive Knock-In Reporter Mice Refute the Concept of Monoallelic Gata3 Expression
Authors: Rao Tata Nageswara , Kumar Suresh , Pulikkottil Alex Jose , Oliveri Franziska , Hendriks Rudi W. , Beckel Franziska , Fehling Hans Joerg
Published: March 2020

Accurately tuned expression levels of the transcription factor GATA-3 are crucial at several stages of T cell and innate lymphoid cell development and differentiation. Moreover, several lines of evidence suggest that Gata3 expression might provide a reliable molecular marker for the identification of elusive progenitor cell subsets at the earliest stages of T lineage commitment. To be able to faithfully monitor Gata3 expression noninvasively at the single-cell level, we have generated a novel strain of knock-in reporter mice, termed GATIR, by inserting an expression cassette encoding a bright fluorescent marker into the 3′-untranslated region of the endogenous Gata3 locus. Importantly, in contrast to three previously published strains of Gata3 reporter mice, GATIR mice preserve physiological Gata3 expression on the targeted allele. In this study, we show that GATIR mice faithfully reflect endogenous Gata3 expression without disturbing the development of GATA-3–dependent lymphoid cell populations. We further show that GATIR mice provide an ideal tool for noninvasive monitoring of Th2 polarization and straightforward identification of innate lymphoid cell 2 progenitor populations. Finally, as our reporter is non–gene-destructive, GATIR mice can be bred to homozygosity, not feasible with previously published strains of Gata3 reporter mice harboring disrupted alleles. The availability of hetero- and homozygous Gata3 reporter mice with an exceptionally bright fluorescent marker, allowed us to visualize allelic Gata3 expression in individual cells simply by flow cytometry. The unambiguous results obtained provide compelling evidence against previously postulated monoallelic Gata3 expression in early T lineage and hematopoietic stem cell subsets.
COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers
Authors: Malhotra Nipun , Gupta Nitesh , Ish Somya , Ish Pranav
Published: March 2020

Due to the nature of their profession, health care personnel (HCP) have always been easy targets for transmission of communicable diseases like COVID-19. Shielding HCPs is of consequential significance in ensuring continued health care for the whole population in addition to reducing further spread. Close contact, repeated contact and prolonged contact are unavoidable in the intensive care (IC) environment. It is not uncommon for IC-HCPs to get carried away during an emergent situation, such as that posed by a suddenly deteriorating patient, and forgo the protective barriers that protect them from contracting a communicable infection. Some notable precautionary measures are mentioned below. This is by no means an exhaustive list.
Data science and machine learning in anesthesiology
Authors: Chae Dongwoo
Published: March 2020

Machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing anesthesiology research. Unlike classical research methods that are largely inference-based, ML is geared more towards making accurate predictions. ML is a field of artificial intelligence concerned with developing algorithms and models to perform prediction tasks in the absence of explicit instructions. Most ML applications, despite being highly variable in the topics that they deal with, generally follow a common workflow. For classification tasks, a researcher typically tests various ML models and compares the predictive performance with the reference logistic regression model. The main advantage of ML lies in its ability to deal with many features with complex interactions and its specific focus on maximizing predictive performance. However, emphasis on data-driven prediction can sometimes neglect mechanistic understanding. This article mainly focuses on the application of supervised ML to electronic health record (EHR) data. The main limitation of EHR-based studies is in the difficulty of establishing causal relationships. However, the associated low cost and rich information content provide great potential to uncover hitherto unknown correlations. In this review, the basic concepts of ML are introduced along with important terms that any ML researcher should know. Practical tips regarding the choice of software and computing devices are also provided. Towards the end, several examples of successful ML applications in anesthesiology are discussed. The goal of this article is to provide a basic roadmap to novice ML researchers working in the field of anesthesiology.
Random matrix products when the top Lyapunov exponent is simple
Authors: Aoun Richard , Guivarc'h Yves
Published: March 2020

In the present paper, we treat random matrix products on the general linear group GL

(V)

, where

V

is a vector space defined on any local field, when the top Lyapunov exponent is simple, without the irreducibility assumption. In particular, we show the existence and uniqueness of the stationary measure

\nu

on P

V

that is relative to the top Lyapunov exponent and we describe the projective subspace generated by its support. We observe that the dynamics takes place in an open set of P

V

which has the structure of a skew product space. Then, we relate this support to the limit set of the semi-group

T_{\mu}

of GL

(V)

generated by the random walk. Moreover, we show that

\nu

has Hölder regularity and give some limit theorems concerning the behavior of the random walk and the probability of hitting a hyperplane. These results generalize known ones when

T_{\mu}

acts strongly irreducibly and proximally (i-p to abbreviate) on

V

. In particular, when applied to the affine group in the so-called contracting case or more generally when the Zariski closure of

T_{\mu}

is not necessarily reductive, the Hölder regularity of the stationary measure together with the description of the limit set are new. We mention that we do not use results from the i-p setting; rather we see it as a particular case.
Об эргодических потоках с простым лебеговским спектром
Authors: Prikhod'ko Aleksandr Alexandrovich
Published: March 2020

В работе доказывается существование эргодических потоков с инвариантной вероятностной мерой, обладающих лебеговским спектром кратности $1$.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Волновая модель метрического пространства с мерой и ее приложение
Authors: Belishev Mikhail Igorevich , Simonov Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2020

Пусть $(\Omega,d)$ есть полное метрическое пространство, $\mu$ - борелева мера на $\Omega$. В работе при некоторых условиях достаточно общего характера на метрику и меру строится изометрическая копия $(\widetilde\Omega,\widetilde d)$ пространства $(\Omega,d)$, называемая его волновой моделью. Построение проводится в терминах теории решеток. Конструкция мотивирована приложениями в обратных задачах математической физики. Показано, как волновая модель решает задачу реконструкции риманова многообразия с краем по его спектральным данным.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Requirements for Road Weather Applications
Authors:   Infrastructure Applications Technical Committee
Published: March 2020

Inclement weather can have a significant impact on surface transportation systems. It can result in hazardous conditions for travelers due to poor visibility, or wet or icy roadways. Weather applications have the potential to provide additional data to surface transportation infrastructure owners and operators, allowing them to better assess the impacts of the weather environment on or around the roadway and to better manage the surface transportation system. Such weather applications can:

Collect road weather data from connected vehicles and mobile devices, increasing the number of data sources available.

Provide road weather related traveler information to travelers via connected vehicles and devices, such as when and where a hazardous condition exists.

Provide the ability to manage road weather response on specific roadways.

This SAE Standard specifies interface requirements between vehicles and infrastructure for weather applications, including detailed systems engineering documentation (needs and requirements mapped to appropriate message exchanges). The purpose of this SAE Standard is to enable interoperability supporting these weather applications over a communications technology agnostic interface.
Tritium as a hydrological tracer in Mediterranean precipitation events
Authors: Juhlke Tobias R. , Sültenfuß Jürgen , Trachte Katja , Huneau Frédéric , Garel Emilie , Santoni Sébastien , Barth Johannes A. C. , van Geldern Robert
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate models are in need of improved constraints for
water vapor transport in the atmosphere, and tritium can serve as a powerful
tracer in the hydrological cycle. Although the general principles of tritium
distribution and transfer processes within and between the various
hydrological compartments are known, variation on short timescales and
aspects of altitude dependence are still under debate. To address questions
regarding tritium sources, sinks, and transfer processes, the sampling of individual
precipitation events in Corte on the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean
Sea was performed between April 2017 and April 2018. Tritium concentrations
of 46 event samples were compared to their moisture origin and corresponding
air mass history. Air mass back-trajectories were generated from the novel
high-resolution ERA5 dataset from the ECMWF (European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). Geographical source regions with similar
tritium concentrations were predefined using generally known tritium
distribution patterns, such as the “continental effect”, and from data records
derived at long-term measurement stations of tritium in precipitation across
the working area. Our model-derived source region tritium concentrations
agreed well with annual mean station values. Moisture that originated from
continental Europe and the Atlantic Ocean was most distinct regarding
tritium concentrations with values up to 8.8 TU (tritium units) and near 0 TU, respectively.
The seasonality of tritium values ranged from 1.6 TU in January to 10.1 TU in
May, and they exhibited well-known elevated concentrations in spring and early
summer due to increased stratosphere–troposphere exchange. However, this
pattern was interrupted by extreme events. The average altitude of
trajectories was correlated with the tritium concentrations in precipitation,
especially in spring and early summer and if outlier values of extreme
tritium concentrations were excluded. However, in combination with the
trajectory information, these outlier values proved to be valuable for improving the
comprehension of tritium movement in the atmosphere. Our work shows how
event-based tritium research can advance the understanding of its
distribution in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gas observations from the Northeast Corridor tower network
Authors: Karion Anna , Callahan William , Stock Michael , Prinzivalli Steve , Verhulst Kristal R. , Kim Jooil , Salameh Peter K. , Lopez-Coto Israel , Whetstone James
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We present the organization, structure, instrumentation,
and measurements of the Northeast Corridor greenhouse gas observation
network. This network of tower-based in situ carbon dioxide and methane
observation stations was established in 2015 with the goal of quantifying
emissions of these gases in urban areas in the northeastern United States.
A specific focus of the network is the cities of Baltimore, MD, and
Washington, DC, USA, with a high density of observation stations in these
two urban areas. Additional observation stations are scattered throughout
the northeastern US, established to complement other existing urban and
regional networks and to investigate emissions throughout this complex
region with a high population density and multiple metropolitan areas. Data
described in this paper are archived at the National Institute of Standards
and Technology and can be found at https://doi.org/10.18434/M32126
(Karion et al., 2019).
HETEROFOR 1.0: a spatially explicit model for exploring the response of structurally complex forests to uncertain future conditions – Part 2: Phenology and water cycle
Authors: de Wergifosse Louis , André Frédéric , Beudez Nicolas , de Coligny François , Goosse Hugues , Jonard François , Ponette Quentin , Titeux Hugues , Vincke Caroline , Jonard Mathieu
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate change affects forest growth in numerous and sometimes opposite ways, and the resulting trend is often difficult to predict for a given site. Integrating and structuring the knowledge gained from the monitoring and experimental studies into process-based models is an interesting approach to predict the response of forest ecosystems to climate change. While the first generation of models operates at stand level, one now needs spatially
explicit individual-based approaches in order to account for individual variability,
local environment modification and tree adaptive behaviour in mixed and
uneven-aged forests that are supposed to be more resilient under stressful
conditions. The local environment of a tree is strongly influenced by the
neighbouring trees, which modify the resource level through positive and
negative interactions with the target tree. Among other things, drought stress and vegetation period length vary with tree size and crown position within the canopy. In this paper, we describe the phenology and water balance modules
integrated in the tree growth model HETEROFOR (HETEROgenous FORest) and
evaluate them on six heterogeneous sessile oak and European beech stands
with different levels of mixing and development stages and installed on
various soil types. More precisely, we assess the ability of the model to
reproduce key phenological processes (budburst, leaf development, yellowing
and fall) as well as water fluxes. Two two-phase models differing regarding their response function to
temperature during the chilling period (optimum and sigmoid functions) and a simplified one-phase model are used to predict budburst date. The two-phase model with the optimum function is the least biased (overestimation of 2.46 d),
while the one-phase model best accounts for the interannual variability
(Pearson's r=0.68). For the leaf development, yellowing and fall,
predictions and observations are in accordance. Regarding the water balance
module, the predicted throughfall is also in close agreement with the
measurements (Pearson's r=0.856; bias =-1.3 %), and the soil water dynamics across the year are well reproduced for all the study sites
(Pearson's r was between 0.893 and 0.950, and bias was between −1.81 and
−9.33 %). The model also reproduced well the individual transpiration for
sessile oak and European beech, with similar performances at the tree and
stand scale (Pearson's r of 0.84–0.85 for sessile oak and 0.88–0.89
for European beech). The good results of the model assessment will allow us
to use it reliably in projection studies to evaluate the impact of climate
change on tree growth in structurally complex stands and test various
management strategies to improve forest resilience.