bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Blue Economy in Small-Scale Fisheries – An Ocean-Land Interface Perspective: The Case of Chile as Support for a Generalizable Analysis for Latin America
Authors: Carvajal-Arenas Lorena
Published: February 2022

With regard to the blue economy, there is a scarcity of discussion on the land-ocean interface. The article’s aim is to fill that gap, focusing on land tenure rights of coastal territory and its governance. For that purpose, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries is key to bringing the concept of the blue economy into the lives of small-scale fisheries stakeholders. The article attempts to analyse whether Chilean legislation complies with the FAO framework, particularly in the area of tenure rights over fishing inlets as well as whether this framework is accepted by those engaged in small-scale fishing. The hypothesis is that, in areas not covered by statutory law, which is mandatory, fishermen have already been intrinsically applying the FAO framework, which is voluntary. Thus, it is important to acknowledge their practices when developing legislation and legal reforms that attempt to introduce such a framework.
Towards a Blue Revolution in the Bay of Bengal: Tackling Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Through Effective Regional Cooperation
Authors: Faiyaz Tarique , Al Arif Abdullah
Published: February 2022

This article argues that the Bay of Bengal coastal States have largely failed to comply with their ‘duty to cooperate’ with other States in managing and conserving fisheries resources in the Bay. The obligation to cooperate is found in applicable international and national instruments and is also regarded as a rule of customary international law. This failure of rim States to effectively engage with other States within the region in regulating marine fisheries has exacerbated the problem of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Bay. This article recommends a major overhaul of the regional ocean governance arrangement in the region, which would help tackle IUU fishing and, in turn, facilitate the achievement of blue growth through ensuring sustainable exploitation and conservation of marine living resources in the Bay. The article finally moots for developing a regional agenda towards forming a dedicated scheme to deal with IUU fishing.
Dryopteris sukungiana (Dryopteridaceae), a new species of the D. sparsa complex from Southwest China
Authors: ZUO ZHENG-YU , LU JIN-MEI , WANG YUE-HUA , LI DE-ZHU
Published: February 2022

Dryopteris sukungiana, a new tetraploid fern species of Dryopteridaceae in Yunnan, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, D. sukungiana belongs to the D. sparsa complex but is unique in spreading blackish brown scales on the stipe, glandular hairs and small fibrillose scales on the abaxial surface of the lamina. Phylogenetic analyses show that D. sukungiana is of hybrid origin; its paternal parent is the Sino-Himalayan D. sparsa, and its maternal parent might be an undetected diploid species closely related to the Sino-Japanese D. sparsa.
MISIDENTIFIED FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS, CROTALARIA ROSENII (LEGUMINOSAE, PAPILIONOIDEAE, CROTALARIEAE), A CULTIVATED SPECIES IN COLOMBIA AND ECUADOR
Authors: FONSECA-CORTÉS ANDRÉS
Published: February 2022

Crotalaria rosenii (Pax) Milne-Redh. ex Polhill, an endemic species of the mountains of Ethiopia, is reported for the first time as an ornamental species. This taxon has been identified as C. agatiflora Schweinf. since 1952 in Colombia and 1982 in Ecuador, countries where it is continuously cultivated in parks, gardens and even in rural environments, which increases the propagule pressure and promotes a naturalization of this species. Crotalaria rosenii is easily recognized by the presence of bracteoles 1.0–1.2 × 0.2–0.3 cm, standard 5.0–5.5 × 4.0–4.6 cm, with the callosities glabrous, keel 5.8–6.0 cm length, with apex hooked, and ovoid slightly compressed seeds. I present a key to distinguish these two taxa, and comments related to the possible naturalization, distribution, and ecology of C. rosenii and C. agatiflora.
Heat Transfer on Magnetohydrodynamics Squeezing Flow of Jeffrey Fluid Through Permeable Medium with Slip Boundary
Authors: Mat Noor Nur Azlina , Shafie Sharidan , Admon Mohd Ariff
Published: February 2022

The hydromagnetic squeeze flow and heat transfer of Jeffrey fluid in two plates over permeable medium is investigated. The effects of slip condition and viscous dissipation are considered in the mathematical model. Transformation of the partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary
differential equations (ODEs) is performed by imposing similarity variables. Numerical procedure of Keller-box is employed to solve the dimensionless equations. The solutions for skin friction are compared with published solutions from the journal to validate the current solutions and it is
shown in close agreement. The physical behavior of velocity and wall shear stress are analyzed for squeezing parameter. The results show the acceleration of wall shear stress and velocity when the surfaces approaching each other. The increment of Jeffrey fluid and Hartmann parameters decrease
the velocity and temperature. The temperature and the rate of thermal transfer boosts with the existence of viscous dissipation.
Entropy Optimized Electrohydromagnetic Rotating Flow of Non Newtonian Fluid with Suspension of SWCNT/MWCNT Nanomaterials: Modified Hamilton Crosser Model
Authors: Rout H. , Mohapatra S. S. , Shaw Sachin , Pandey V. S. , Nayak M. K.
Published: February 2022

The goal of the present article is to investigate the three dimensional electromagnetic flow and heat transfer behavior of Casson nanofluids with suspension of SWCNT/MWCNT nanomaterials due to shrinking rotating disk. Introduction of Revised Hamilton’s Crosser model revealing
the interfacial nanolayer and shape effects is the novelty of the present disk flow problem. Entropy generation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, thermal radiation and shape effect are taken into consideration in the developed model. Apposite modified transformations are invoked to have
a system of non-linear differential equations. Shooting technique cum Runge-Kutta fourth order algorithm is the instrumental for the established numerical solution. The outcomes reveal that velocity components (axial, radial and tangential) amplify under the influence of enhanced buoyancy,
rotation strength parameter and electric parameter subject to shrunk rotating disk. Augmented interfacial ratio parameter, Brinkman number, electric parameter and solid volume fraction upsurge the rate of heat transportation. Surface viscous drag, heat transfer rate, and entropy generation
rate are all increased when the form factor is increased, but the Bejan number is decreased. Moreover, it is observed that MWCNT is more efficient than SWCNT.
Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Convective Flow of a Nanoliquid via a Radially Stretched Riga Area via Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method
Authors: Prasad K. V. , Rajashekhar C. , Mebarek-Oudina F. , Animasaun I. L. , Makinde O. D. , Vajravelu K. , Vaidya Hanumesh , Mahendra D. L.
Published: February 2022

This article presents the investigation of the mechanism of mass and heat transport of an unsteady incompressible electrically conducting viscous convective nanoliquid through a radially stretching Riga plate with viscous dissipation, velocity slip, Brownian motion, Thermophoresis parameter,
and first-order chemical reaction. The optimal homotopy analysis technique has been utilized to compute the solutions for the differential equations system after using the similarity variables to the governing flow equations. For physical clarification, the acquired outcomes are illustrated
graphically and also in the form of tables. These graphs and tables are used to exhibit physical quantities, namely, Sherwood number, skin friction coefficient, concentration, Nusselt number, temperature and velocity. One of the significant outcomes of the current scrutiny is velocity profile
improves for rising values of Hartman number, and this investigation finds several applications in various fields of automobile industries and engineering.
Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convection Through Entropy Generation Scrutiny of Eco-Friendly Nanoliquid in a Divided L-Shaped Heat Exchanger with Lattice Boltzmann Method Simulation
Authors: Ferhi M. , Djebali R. , Mebarek-Oudina F. , Abu-Hamdeh Nidal H. , Abboudi S.
Published: February 2022

The current paper aims to investigate numerically the magnetized conjugate heat transport in a divided L-shaped heat exchanger (HE) filled with eco-nanofluid (functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (GnPs) dispersed in water) utilizing Lattice Boltzmann technique. Experimental correlations for thermo physical proprieties of the green nanofluid are utilized to study the flow pattern and conjugate heat transport inside the divided L-shaped HE. The entropy generation is also analyzed. Results are mainly presented using streamline, isotherms, entropy generation, Bejan number and average Nusselt number for various terms such asRanumbers,Hanumbers and temperature. The obtained findings show that the heat transport enhances via increasingRanumber. The augmentation of magnetic field strength reduces the heat transport and the generated entropy. This behavior becomes remarkable forRa= 105. Moreover, The Bejan number is kept constant forRa=103for allHanumber and increasing theRa, the Bejan number increases withHa. Besides, the increase in temperature rises the heat transport rate and reduces the entropy generation; nevertheless, the Bejan number is kept constant for all temperature values.
Magnetophoretic Effect on the Nanofluid Flow Over Decelerating Spinning Sphere with the Presence of Induced Magnetic Field
Authors: Das Kalidas , Kundu Prabir Kumar , Sk Md Tausif
Published: February 2022

Magnetophoresis is the movement of magnetic nanoparticles under the guidance of magnetic field. Our goal is to perceive an unsteady magneto-nanofluid flow over a decelerating rotating sphere induced by an external magnetic field. In the flow analysis Brownian motion, thermophoresis
and magnetopheresis effect are implemented in the model equations. At the boundary situation, zero-mass flux has been thought out. Utilizing similarity conversions we have converted the constitutive equations into ODEs and solve them numerically. The control of various factors on the flow
properties has been staged through proper figures and tables. It is remarkably perceived that the magnetophoresis parameter increases the heat transmission ability of the fluid. Also, the magnetic-Prandtl number decreases the Nusselt number significantly. It is also professed that induced
magnetic field elevates the heat transferability of the flow system and intensifies the velocity along the x-direction and diminishes the velocity along the z-direction.
A Bi-Convective Magnetized Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Along with Thermal Radiation in an Adverse Pressure Field Using Temperature-Sensitive Base Fluid (Water) Properties
Authors: Barman Tapas , Roy S. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: February 2022

This investigation considers the temperature-sensitive characteristics of water (base fluid) to scrutinize the flow mechanism, various essential gradients and energy distribution (by means of entropy production) in a magnetized hybrid nanofluid (Cu+Al2O3+H2O)
flow with exponentially increasing pressure. For more mechanically realistic results, the analysis includes radiation and heat generation/absorption along with surface mass disposal. Thermophoretic diffusion and Brownian diffusion (Nt, Nb) are incorporated into this study as
essential slip mechanisms. The governing physical principles in mathematical form are solved utilizing a robust numerical method with Varga’s block matrix method. The graphical demonstrations of numerical results show that velocity heightens with mixed convection (λ) and
Reynolds number (Re) whereas temperature enhances for heat source (Q > 0) and injection (A < 0). Stuart Number (St) reduce the heat transfer performance while mixed convection (λ) enhances the frictional coefficient. This study further found
that improving estimations of nanoparticles’ percentage (Φ), Re, Eckert number (Ec) and suction (A > 0) significantly generating more entropy.
Temporal Trends in Agriculturally Relevant Climate Indicators across Nine Agroecosystems of Turkey
Authors: Irmak S. , Kukal M.S.
Published: February 2022

An interaction of trends in a multitude of climate indicators dictate how agricultural production and resource use will be affected. Turkish agroecosystems have not been evaluated for climate trends, especially focusing on spatial and temporal domains relevant for agricultural production. Long-term (1981–2017) temporal trends in agriculturally relevant climate indicators [maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), and mean (Tavg) air temperatures, diurnal temperature range (DTR), growing degree-days (GDD), precipitation, incoming shortwave radiation (Rs), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u2), saturated and actual vapor pressure (es and ea), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration (ETo and ETr), and aridity index (AI)] across Turkey (Turkiye) were quantified and analyzed using the NASA-POWER dataset at 0.5° × 0.5° grid cells (n = 323) for nine agricultural zones (AZs) in Turkey. At the growing-season scale, Tmin, Tmax, Tavg, GDD, es, ea, VPD, Rs, precipitation, RH, and AI showed statistically significant positive trends at 100%, 76%, 100%, 100%, 94%, 98%, 22%, 83%, 33%, 10%, and 13% of Turkey’s terrestrial area, respectively. Negative trends were observed in growing-season-scale DTR, u2, ETo, and ETr at 38%, 38%, 10%, and 18% of the total terrestrial area, respectively. At the annual scale, ETo and ETr showed increasing trends over 37% and 19% of the area, respectively. Evaporative demand showed national mean trends of −2.6 and −4.1 mm yr−1 during the growing season, respectively. Aegean AZ showed the most negative trends in growing-season ETo and ETr. The national mean magnitude in annual total precipitation (4.7 mm yr−1) was 39% greater than that in growing-season total precipitation (3.4 mm yr−1).
Evolving Sahel Rainfall Response to Anthropogenic Aerosols Driven by Shifting Regional Oceanic and Emission Influences
Authors: Hirasawa Haruki , Kushner Paul J. , Sigmond Michael , Fyfe John , Deser Clara
Published: February 2022

Sahel summertime precipitation declined from the 1950s to 1970s and recovered from the 1970s to 2000s. Anthropogenic aerosol contributions to this evolution are typically attributed to interhemispheric gradient changes of Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature (SST). However recent work by Hirasawa et al. indicates a more complex picture, with the response being a combination of “fast” direct atmospheric (DA) processes and “slow” ocean-mediated (OM) processes. Here, we extend this understanding using the Community Atmosphere Model 5 to determine the role of regional ocean-basin perturbations and regional aerosol emission changes in the overall aerosol-driven OM and DA responses, respectively. From the 1950s to 1970s, there was an OM Sahel wetting response due to Pacific Ocean cooling that was offset by drying due to Atlantic cooling. By contrast, from the 1970s to 2000s, Atlantic trends reversed and amplified the Pacific cooling-induced wetting. This wetting was partially offset by drying driven by Indian Ocean cooling. Thus, the OM Sahel precipitation response to aerosol crucially depends on the balance of responses to Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean SST anomalies. From the 1950s to 1970s, there is DA Sahel drying that was principally due to North American aerosol emissions, with negligible effect from European emissions. DA drying from the 1970s to 2000s was mainly due to African aerosol emissions. Thus, the shifting roles of regional OM and DA effects reveal a complex interplay of direct driving and remote teleconnections in determining the time evolution of Sahel precipitation due to aerosol forcing in the late twentieth century.

Significance Statement

Studies of global climate models consistently indicate that anthropogenic aerosol emissions were a significant contributor to a severe drought that occurred in the Sahel region of Africa in the late twentieth century. The drying influence of aerosol forcing is the combined result of rapid atmospheric responses directly due to the forcing and slower responses due to forced ocean temperature changes. Using a set of simulations targeted at determining the influences from different ocean basins and different emission regions for two periods in the late twentieth century, we find there is a surprising range of mechanisms through which aerosol emissions affect the Sahel. This results in a complex interplay of at times competing and at times complementary regional influences.
Lagrangian Study of Several Long-Lived Agulhas Rings
Authors: Xia Qiong , Dong Changming , He Yijun , Li Gaocong , Dong Jihai
Published: February 2022

By using a Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD)-based vortex detection scheme, rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices in the South Atlantic Ocean are detected. These vortices act as agents for water transport and can stay coherent in a limited time scale. Our study starts from the life cycle of several long-lived Agulhas rings detected with the LAVD-based vortex detection method. The life cycle of those long-lived Agulhas rings can be separated into two distinct stages: the growing stage and the decaying stage. It is found that at the growing stage, the ambient water spins in and provides effective shielding for the coherent core. The rate of change of material belt width with respect to the detection time scale at the end of the growing stage can represent the decay rate of coherence. We further find a linear relationship between the mean strain rate and the mean square root of kinetic energy (KE1/2). Mean finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) increase monotonically with the mean strain rate or mean KE1/2. The long existence of the Agulhas rings can be partly attributed to the energetic boundaries around the rings. The ratio of the boundary kinetic energy to the spatial mean kinetic energy (KE/MKE) is also found to be a contributing factor that can influence the lifetime of Agulhas rings. In the retroflection area, the short-lived Agulhas rings might be attributed to the low KE/MKE in this area.
New Insights into the South American Low-Level Jet from RELAMPAGO Observations
Authors: Sasaki Clayton R. S. , Rowe Angela K. , McMurdie Lynn A. , Rasmussen Kristen L.
Published: February 2022

The Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) campaign produced unparalleled observations of the South American low-level jet (SALLJ) in central Argentina with high temporal observations located in the path of the jet and upstream of rapidly growing convection. The vertical and temporal structure of the jet is characterized using 3-hourly soundings launched at two fixed sites near the Sierras de Córdoba (SDC), along with high-resolution reanalysis data. Objective SALLJ identification criteria are applied to each sounding to determine the presence, timing, and vertical characteristics of the jet. The observations largely confirm prior results showing that SALLJs most frequently come from the north, occur overnight, and peak in the low levels, though SALLJs notably peaked higher near the end of longer-duration events during RELAMPAGO. This study categorizes SALLJs into shorter-duration events with jet cores peaking overnight in the low levels and longer 5–6-day events with elevated jets near the end of the period that lack a clear diurnal cycle. Evidence of both boundary layer processes and large-scale forcing were observed during shorter-duration events, whereas synoptic forcing dominated the longer 5–6-day events. The highest amounts of moisture and larger convective coverage east of the SDC occurred near the end of the 5–6-day SALLJ events.

Significance Statement

The South American low-level jet (SALLJ) is an area of enhanced northerly winds that likely contributes to long-lived, widespread thunderstorms in Southeastern South America (SESA). This study uses observations from a recent SESA field project to improve understanding of the variability of the SALLJ and the underlying processes. We related jet occurrence to upper-level environmental patterns and differences in the progression speed of those patterns to varying durations of the jet. Longer-duration jets were more elevated, transported moisture southward from the Amazon, and coincided with the most widespread storms. These findings enable future research to study the role of the SALLJ in the life cycle of storms in detail, leading to improved storm prediction in SESA.
Desmond Tutu and the promise and perils of the prophetic role of the Church
Authors: Brittain Christopher Craig , Maphumulo Nkanyiso
Published: February 2022

The legacy of Desmond Tutu is often framed according to one of two polarized trajectories. On one hand, his accomplishments are sometimes romanticized and his life and theology are viewed as a panacea of all South Africa’s struggles. On the other hand, he is often severely criticized for advocating idealistic notions of reconciliation and “rainbowism.” This essay challenges both understandings of Tutu’s legacy. Indeed, this refusal to adopt an either–or perspective on Tutu’s life and work—by either seeing him as representing the perfect solution to South Africa’s struggles, or a naïve and ineffective part of the problem—is itself consistent with how Tutu himself approached the challenges of his time. He is best understood as an African contextual theologian and as a pastor responding to immediate pastoral situations. It is precisely this approach to seeing beyond polarizing dualisms that is the most enduring aspect of Tutu’s legacy.
Botulinum Toxin A in the Management of Pediatric Sialorrhea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heikel Tiffany , Patel Shivam , Ziai Kasra , Shah Sejal J. , Lighthall Jessyka G.
Published: February 2022

Objective:

Botulinum toxin A is known to be effective and safe in managing sialorrhea in pediatric patients; however, there is no consensus on a protocol for optimal injection sites and appropriate dosing for injection.

Methods:

This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. PubMed, EMBASE, and other databases were queried to identify articles that evaluated botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of sialorrhea in the pediatric population. A total of 405 studies were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 articles were included for review.

Results:

A total of 14 studies evaluated 2-gland injections, and 17 studies evaluated 4-gland injections. Of the 31 studies included, one study assessed incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) the remaining all used onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®). For 2-gland injection studies, a combined total of 899 participants were reviewed, where 602 participants received 50 units into their submandibular glands, while 262 participants received 30 to 50 units. Among 4-gland injection studies, there was a combined total of 388 participants, with the most prevalent dosage utilized being 60 to 100 units in 230 participants, followed by 100 units total in 77 participants. The most common adverse event was dysphagia which resolved in nearly all cases. Three studies aimed to examine 2-gland versus 4-gland injections, with 2 of the studies concluding 4-gland injection was superior.

Conclusions:

The strength of evidence suggests that the dosing of 50 units total of onabotulinumtoxinA to the submandibular glands is safe and effective in the pediatric population. For 4-gland injections, bilateral submandibular and parotid gland injections of 60 to 100 units total is the safe and effective dosage. There is no substantial evidence comparing 4-gland injections to 2-gland injections, but research thus far suggests 4-gland injections to be superior. Future study is needed to evaluate incobotulinumtoxinA and abobotulinumtoxinA dosages in the pediatric population.
Gender (In)Equality in Ghana: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Akan Proverbs on Masculinity
Authors: Mariwah Simon , Ofori Emmanuel Amo , Adjakloe Yvonne Ami , Adu-Gyamfi Addae Boateng , Asare Esther , Bonsu Comfort
Published: February 2022

Gender differences have been recognized in most cultures, but the challenge arises when such differences are misinterpreted as gender inequality, especially to the gross disadvantage of women. One dimension of culture where gender inequality is generally manifested is through language and more specifically the use of proverbs, which are generally believed to host the wisdom of societies. Among some societies, people’s actions or inactions are often reflected in the meanings and interpretations of proverbs. This paper examines how proverbs may perpetuate gender inequality and potentially lead males to pronounced risks among the Akan in Ghana. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study revealed that while some proverbs portray masculine superiority, such construction of masculinity, ironically, tends to subject males to pronounced risks in trying to live up to the expectations of society. Implicitly, these proverbs restrict the socio-cultural space for men to express their socially constructed ordeals. We conclude that the traditional representation of men in proverbs needs to be critically re-examined to holistically deal with gender inequality in Ghana.
Manufacturing and characterisation of a new thermal pre-stressed carbon fibre-reinforced lattice core for sandwich panels
Authors: Flora Francesco , Pinto Fulvio , Meo Michele
Published: February 2022

Development of high-performance sandwich structures is particularly attractive for aerospace applications, where novel lighter materials and structures are object of extensive research. This work is focused on the design of a new high-performance Carbon FRP core as alternative to traditional periodic prismatic ones. The innovative core is designed as a 2D close-packing pattern of circular cells and manufactured by connecting pre-preg corrugated laminates in specific locations. The corrugated laminates are layered following an asymmetric sequence in order to generate residual thermal stresses within the core to enhance energy absorption and compressive properties. The distribution of the residual thermal stress within the core was numerically studied with a finite element model of the unit cell, in order to prove the positive contribution of the asymmetric layup on the mechanical properties and study the failure mechanisms of the unit-cell. Composite core samples were manufactured, and their mechanical properties were experimentally evaluated through compression, both out-of-plane and in-plane, and beam flexure tests. Results were compared in terms of specific properties with traditional aluminium honeycomb core, showing large increments of specific compressive strength (+84.6%), in-plane compressive modulus (over +500%), Specific Energy Absorption (+145%) and shear (>20%). The FEM model was validated against experimental compressive results, showing an error below 10%. The results show that the core is suitable for applications in novel high-performance sandwich structures, leading to numerous advantages in comparison to traditional cores, such as higher specific properties, manufacturability of complex sandwich structures and higher adhesion and compatibility with CFRP skins.
Self-construal and Insecure Attachment Variation and Co-variation During a Period of Economic Crisis
Authors: Kafetsios Konstantinos
Published: February 2022

Changes in socioeconomic conditions can affect how people understand themselves. The present analyses tested hypotheses on individuals’ self-construal and insecure attachment variation and co-variation during a period of severe and prolonged economic downturn in Greece, a typically more collectivist culture. Adult attachment and self-construal were surveyed in 15 independent samples of young adults collected consecutively between 2004 and 2016. Significantly lower independence, but not higher interdependence, was observed in recent crisis-stricken years of higher unemployment compared to earlier (pre-crisis) years. Participants also reported higher insecure attachment, particularly higher anxious attachment in recent years. However, it were temporal changes in avoidance that were associated with a greater decline in independent self-construal during the time period studied. Avoidance also preceded temporal variability in independent self-construal during this period. The results highlight links between socioeconomic conditions and individual-level variation in cultural understandings of the self and insecure attachment, and point to socio-cognitive processes that may explain interrelationships between two constructs that partly lie at different levels of understanding the self.
Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout: A 40-Country Study
Authors: Roskam Isabelle , Gallée Laura , Aguiar Joyce , Akgun Ege , Arena Andrew , Arikan Gizem , Aunola Kaisa , Bader Michel , Barham Elizabeth J. , Besson Eliane , Beyers Wim , Boujut Emilie , Brianda Maria Elena , Brytek-Matera Anna , Carbonneau Noémie , César Filipa , Chen Bin-Bin , Dorard Géraldine , dos Santos Elias Luciana Carla , Dunsmuir Sandra , Egorova Natalia , Favez Nicolas , Fontaine Anne-Marie , Foran Heather , Fricke Julia , Furutani Kaichiro , Gannagé Myrna , Gaspar Maria , Godbout Lucie , Goldenberg Amit , Gross James J. , Gurza Maria Ancuta , Hashmi Muhammad Aamir , Helmy Mai , Trang Huynh Mai , Kaneza Emerence , Kawamoto Taishi , Kellou Nassima , Medjahdi Oussama , Knezevic Goran , Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Le Vigouroux Sarah , Lebert-Charron Astrid , Leme Vanessa , Lin Gao-Xian , MacCann Carolyn , Manrique-Millones Denisse , Matias Marisa , Miranda-Orrego María Isabel , Miscioscia Marina , Morgades-Bamba Clara , Mousavi Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Moutassem-Mimouni Badra , Muntean Ana , Murphy Hugh , Ndayizigiye Alexis , Ngnombouowo Tenkue Josué , Olderbak Sally , Ornawka Sophie , Oyarce-Cadiz Daniela , Pérez-Díaz Pablo A. , Petrides Konstantinos V. , Pineda-Marin Claudia , Prikhidko Alena , Salinas-Quiroz Fernando , Sánchez-Rodríguez Raquel , Sarrionandia Ainize , Scola Céline , Simonelli Alessandra , Soenens Bart , Sorbring Emma , Sorkkila Matilda , Schrooyen Charlotte , Stănculescu Elena , Starchenkova Elena , Szczygiel Dorota , Tri Thi Minh Thuy , Tremblay Mélissa , Ustundag-Budak Ayse Meltem , Valdés Pacheco Maday , van Bakel Hedwig , Verhofstadt Lesley , Wendland Jaqueline , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Mikolajczak Moïra
Published: February 2022

In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level and beyond economic disparities at the societal level. These findings show the importance of egalitarian values and gender equality and their paradoxical effect when inequalities are still present in specific areas as parenting. This study reveals the crucial need to act not only at the micro level but also at the macro level to promote gender equality in parenting and prevent parental burnout.
Employment Pathways during Economic Recession and Recovery and Adult Health
Authors: Kalousová Lucie , Burgard Sarah
Published: February 2022

Our study bridges literatures on the health effects of job loss and life course employment trajectories to evaluate the selection into employment pathways and their associations with health in the short and medium terms. We apply sequence analysis to monthly employment calendars from a population-based sample of working-age women and men observed from 2009 to 2013 (N = 737). We identify six distinct employment status clusters: stable full-time employment, stable part-time employment, stably being out of the labor force, long-term unemployment, transition out of the labor force, and unstable full-time employment. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and health at baseline, those who transitioned out of the labor force showed significantly poorer self-rated health at follow-up, whereas steadily part-time employed respondents still showed a greater risk of meeting criteria for major or minor depression. The findings have important implications for how social scientists conceptualize and model the relationship between employment status and health.
Using Motivation Assessment as a Teaching Tool for Large Undergraduate Courses: Reflections From the Teaching Team
Authors: Ferland Melissa , Molinaro Claudia F. , Kosovich Jeff J. , Flake Jessica K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Student motivation is a critical predictor of academic achievement, engagement, and success in higher education. Motivating students is a crucial aspect of effective teaching.

Statement of the Problem

Although there is a wealth of research on student motivation, practical guidance for putting theory into practice in challenging teaching environments (i.e., large-format introductory courses) is lacking. We discuss a first step toward motivating students: understanding how motivated they are and using that information to inform teaching.

Literature Review

Anxiety, impeded motivation, and high student-to-teacher ratio are all challenges associated with teaching foundational introductory courses, such as statistics. The Expectancy–Value–Cost model of motivation provides theoretical background to assist with these courses. We discuss the implementation and use of motivation assessments as a teaching tool.

Teaching Implications

Motivation assessments are feasible and useful while teaching large-format introductory courses. Instructor reflections lend insights as to how to use these assessments to improve pedagogy.
Use of lifestyle interventions in primary care for individuals with newly diagnosed hypertension, hyperlipidaemia or obesity: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lemp Julia M , Nuthanapati Meghana Prasad , Bärnighausen Till W , Vollmer Sebastian , Geldsetzer Pascal , Jani Anant
Published: February 2022

Summary

Objective

Lifestyle interventions can be efficacious in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors and are recommended as first-line interventions in England. However, recent information on the use of these interventions in primary care is lacking. We investigated for how many patients with newly diagnosed hypertension, hyperlipidaemia or obesity, lifestyle interventions were recorded in their primary care electronic health record.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

English primary care, using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Participants

A total of 770,711 patients who were aged 18 years or older and received a new diagnosis of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia or obesity between 2010 and 2019.

Main outcome measures

Record of lifestyle intervention and/or medication in 12 months before to 12 months after initial diagnosis (2-year timeframe).

Results

Analyses show varying results across conditions: While 55.6% (95% CI 54.9–56.4) of individuals with an initial diagnosis of hypertension were recorded as having lifestyle support (lifestyle intervention or signposting) within the 2-year timeframe, this number was reduced to 45.2% (95% CI 43.8–46.6) for hyperlipidaemia and 52.6% (95% CI 51.1–54.1) for obesity. For substantial proportions of individuals neither lifestyle support nor medication (hypertension: 12.2%, 95% CI 11.9–12.5; hyperlipidaemia: 32.2%, 95% CI 31.2–33.3; obesity: 43.9%, 95% CI 42.3–45.4) were recorded. Sensitivity analyses confirm that limited proportions of patients had lifestyle support recorded in their electronic health record before they were first prescribed medication (diagnosed and undiagnosed), ranging from 12.1% for hypertension to 19.7% for hyperlipidaemia, and 19.5% for obesity (23.4% if restricted to Orlistat).

Conclusions

Limited evidence of lifestyle support for individuals with cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity) recommended by national guidelines in England may stem from poor recording in electronic health records but may also represent missed opportunities. Given the link between progression to cardiovascular disease and modifiable lifestyle factors, early support for patients to manage their conditions through non-pharmaceutical interventions by establishing lifestyle modification as first-line treatment is crucial.
Study on instability discriminating condition and permeability variation of triangle articulated structure in highly inclined goaf
Authors: Qin Song , Lin Haifei , Wei Zongyong , Shen Wei
Published: February 2022

The huge, inclined goaf formed by the mining of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seams has the characteristics of occupying a large space and being subject to complex breaking behavior of its overlying rock structure, especially the rock block structure characteristics of the interface area between the goaf and the lower working face which is difficult to be characterized, leading to a hidden danger when mining the lower working face. In response to the aforementioned problems, the following conclusions are drawing as follows: (1) with the aid of the contradiction method, the critical condition governing instability of the triangular articulated structure was obtained to explain the correctness of the assumption of the triangular hinged structure; (2) three-point truss structure was composed of key layer blocks; (3) in the stabilization stage of the triangular hinged structure, the fracture network area was extracted, and the centerline intensive equivalent method of a single fracture segment was adopted to directly measure the equivalent length. Meanwhile, the value of equivalent average width with the equivalent length of a single crack was calculated by integral operation and equivalent figure calculation; (4) the mathematical expressions of permeability which was positively exponential function related to the ratio of equivalent average width to equivalent length were derived. Furthermore, the vectorized solution of seepage rate was carried out respectively for the goaf area and the extracted network area by using COMSOL software. The distribution of the strong seepage area of CBM and the ratio of equivalent average width to equivalent length is found to be consistent to a large extent, which provides theoretical support for subsequent CBM management.
Application of integrated drilling and stamping technology in gas extraction through layer drilling
Authors: Song Jinxing , Zhang Huiyan , Yu Shiyao , Su Xianbo
Published: February 2022

In coal mine gas extraction in China, the current hydraulic permeability enhancement measures generally have complex processes, low adaptability, long operation time, and high labor intensity. This makes it challenging to meet the requirements of coal mining enterprises for safe and efficient mining, and there is an urgent need to develop new technologies to enhance gas extraction and production. This paper proposed an integrated drilling and stamping technology to enhance gas extraction and production and integrates drilling, hydraulic jet fracturing, and hydraulic punching to enhance the permeability of coal seams. A field test was conducted using the specially-developed integrated drilling and stamping equipment to extract gas from the 16101 bottom pumping lane penetration hole in the Jiulishan Mine, Jiaozuo, Henan. The test results show that compared with the hydraulic punching technology previously used in the mine, the punching time of the soft coal seam was shortened by 66–75%, the coal output was increased by 1.7 times, and the punching hole aperture was increased by 1.3 times. Hydraulic injection fracturing was successfully performed to increase the permeability of the hard coal seams, and the fracturing formed a shot hole depth of 345–539 mm. After the integrated drilling and stamping of the drill holes, the coal output, gas extraction concentration, pure gas extraction volume, and coal seam permeability coefficient increased by 2.4, 2.2, 4, and 37.3 times, respectively. The gas flow decay coefficient of the drills holes was also further reduced, which significantly improved the extractionefficiency. Thus the integrated drilling and stamping technology can transform the process of gas extraction from regular extraction to quick, economic, pure, and clean extraction. Thus, this technology has large applicable value for underground gas management in coal mines.
A case example of teaching reflective policing to police students
Authors: Staller Mario S , Koerner Swen
Published: February 2022

Reflection is an important component of professional practice in the field of policing. While reflection goes beyond a mere evaluation of officer behavior in police-citizen interaction based on legitimacy and functionality, deeper levels of reflections, where underlying assumptions are challenged do not automatically take place within the system of policing. In the current paper, we describe and reflect on a case example of teaching reflective practice to police students at a German University of Applied Sciences. We start by describing a structure of reflection on three levels, each of which is linked to different core questions. While on a low-threshold level reflection focuses on the question of correct action, reflection on a higher level revolves around uncovering one’s action-guiding assumptions that (in)consciously influence one’s actions, as well as the possibility of adopting other perspectives. Building on Brookfield’s work of critical reflective practice we designed a seminar series in a psychology course introducing the concept of reflective practice and four different lenses that aim at uncovering action-guiding assumptions of our learners. Our reflection shows that receptivity of the different lenses was different for perspectives from within the system of police to the perspective from outside the police.
Effect of fasting time before anesthesia on postoperative complications in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Huang Yonghao , Tai Junhu , Nan Yongshan
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Although the guidelines clearly recommend the fasting time of children before anesthesia, it is usually difficult to control. For pediatric patients, prolonged fasting time before surgery will lead to dehydration and hypoglycemia. Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common operations in pediatric patients, but its complications are not rare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between preoperative fasting time and postoperative complications in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Methods

The medical and surgical records of 480 pediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into three groups, including adenoidectomy group, tonsillectomy group, and adenotonsillectomy group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of preoperative fasting time on postoperative complications and hospital stay in pediatric patients of the three groups.

Results

The postoperative bleeding rate in the adenoidectomy group (5.16%) was lower than tonsillectomy group and adenoidectomy group (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the fasting time was positively correlated with the vomiting and pain in adenoidectomy group, tonsillectomy group, and adenotonsillectomy group. And, the postoperative hospital stay was also positively correlated with fasting time in three groups.

Conclusion

The prolonged fasting time before otolaryngology surgery in children is related to the occurrence of postoperative complications like vomiting and pain, and also to the increase of postoperative hospital stay.
Misplaced Intuitions in Interventions to Reduce Attractiveness-Based Discrimination
Authors: Axt Jordan R. , Yang Juanyu , Deshpande Harshadaa
Published: February 2022

Individuals and organizations are increasing efforts to address discrimination. Nonexperts may lack awareness of, or are resistant to, scientifically informed strategies for reducing discrimination, instead relying on intuition. Five studies investigated the accuracy of nonexperts’ intuitions about reducing discrimination concerning physical attractiveness. In Studies 1a to 1c ( N = 902), participants predicted the effectiveness of six interventions to reduce attractiveness-based favoritism on a judgment task. Studies 2a and 2b ( N = 6,292) investigated the effectiveness of these interventions. Although two interventions reduced discrimination, intuitions were poorly aligned with actual results; fewer than 1% of participants identified the combination of interventions that did, versus did not, impact judgment, and responses were more likely to be below than above chance when predicting each intervention’s effectiveness. Although follow-up work should investigate the accuracy of intuition in other forms of discrimination, these results further stress the need for greater development and adoption of evidence-based strategies for combating discrimination.
Impact of thoracic esophageal displacement after lobectomy on the continuity of oral adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Okamoto Keigo , Kaku Ryosuke , Oshio Yasuhiko , Hanaoka Jun
Published: February 2022

Background

Adjuvant tegafur-uracil therapy has prolonged postoperative survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Some patients experience treatment discontinuation due to gastrointestinal disorders such as anorexia, and the associated factors and the impact of lobectomy remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the postoperative esophageal displacement after lobectomy and to clarify its impact on the continuity of tegafur-uracil treatment.

Methods

Patients who received adjuvant tegafur-uracil therapy after lobectomy between April 2009 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient background, perioperative characteristics, treatment findings, and the degree of esophageal displacement measured by computed tomography were compared between the treatment completion group and the discontinuation group. A subgroup comparative analysis was further performed in the groups divided according to the degree of esophageal displacement.

Results

A total of 68 patients were reviewed, including 41 males and 27 females with a mean age of 66.2 years old. A total of 41 patients completed the 2-year adjuvant treatment and 27 patients discontinued it. The overall survival and relapse-free survival between the two groups were statistically significant ( p = 0.027, p = 0.010). The degree of esophageal displacement at the Th7 level was a significant predictor of treatment discontinuation ( p = 0.046, odds ratio [OR]: 1.138, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.291). Among the patients with a high degree of esophageal displacement above the baseline determined from the receiver operating characteristic curve, the cause of discontinuation was anorexia, which was significant in multivariate analysis ( p = 0.013, OR: 14.72, 95% CI: 1.745–124.2).

Conclusions

Our study suggested that anatomical displacement of the esophagus after lobectomy may affect the discontinuation of oral adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.