bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Price variation in different brands of anticancer drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market: a cost analysis study
Authors: Adwal Sandeep Kumar , Baghel Ruchi
Published: March 2019

Background: Cancer is one of the most expensive and lethal noncommunicable diseases globally. Availability and affordability of anticancer drugs are the most important factors on which management of cancer depends. The objective of the study was to evaluate the variation of cost among different brands of anti-cancer drugs available in the Indian market.Methods: “Current Index of Medical Specialties” July-October 2018 and “Drug Update” Sept - 2018 were used to obtain cost in INR* (Indian National Rupees) of anticancer drugs manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in India, in the same strength and dosage form. Percentage cost variations were calculated by minimum and maximum costs of anticancer drug of different brands.Results: Percentage variation in cost was analyzed for 41 different formulations of 27 anticancer drugs. Highest cost variability seen with Alkylating agent Carboplatin 150 mg injection (1100%) and lowest with Antimetabolite anticancer agent Cytarabine 500 mg injection (6.56%). Three formulations showed more than 500% cost variation, largest with Carboplatin 150 mg injection (1100%) followed by Anastrozole 1 mg tablet (870%) and Letrozole 1 mg tablet (508.42%).Conclusions: Present study finding showed significant cost variation in different brand of many anticancer drugs in India. These results indicated that greater price transparencies required. This price variation issue requires a much more in-depth analysis of the health care system.
A study on needle stick injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Bashir Humaira , Qadri Syed Shuja
Published: March 2019

Background: Needle stick injury among health workers is regarded as an occupational hazard. Health care workers are at risk of having blood-borne diseases in case they are exposed to blood and other biological samples of the patients. Moreover, staff including doctors working in tertiary care hospitals has high work load which results in increased chances of getting these injuries. The aim and objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of needle stick injury among different categories of health care workers. Authors also aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices associated with it.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study design to know the prevalence of needle stick injury among various health care workers of Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, a tertiary level care hospital in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. A total of 250 health care workers were selected for the study purpose. A self-designed, semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of needle stick injuries and the factors associated with it.Results: A majority of health care workers (94%) knew about needle stick injury and 92% were aware that HIV can be transmitted through needle stick injury, 78.4% and 69.65% were aware of Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C transmission respectively. About 28.4% of subjects had encountered needle stick injury in their past. Furthermore, it was found that type of exposure and place of exposure was significantly associated with different categories of health care workers (p <0.001).Conclusions: Prevention of health workers against needle stick injury is the best possible way to prevent several bloods borne diseases. There should be a prevention programme which special focus on training of health care workers. Further strategies aiming at preventive measures and reporting of the Needle stick injuries accidents should be made compulsory among health care workers.
Real-Time Quantitative Assessment of Accuracy and Precision of Blood Volume Derived from DCE-MRI in Individual Patients during a Clinical Trial
Authors: Aryal Madhava P. , Lee Choonik , Hawkins Peter G. , Chapman Christina , Eisbruch Avraham , Mierzwa Michelle , Cao Yue
Published: March 2019

Accuracy and precision of quantitative imaging (QI) metrics should be assessed in real time in each patient during a clinical trial to support QI-based decision-making. We developed a framework for real-time quantitative assessment of QI metrics and evaluated accuracy and precision of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived blood volume (BV) in a clinical trial for head and neck cancers. Patients underwent DCE-MRI before and after 2 weeks of radiation therapy (2wkRT). A mean as a reference value and a repeatability coefficient (RC) of BV values established from n patients in cerebellum volumes of interest (VOIs), which were normal and affected little by therapy, served as accuracy and precision measurements. The BV maps of a new patient were called accurate and precise if the values in cerebellum VOIs and the difference between the 2 scans agreed with the respective mean and RC with 95% confidence. The new data could be used to update reference values. Otherwise, the data were flagged for further evaluation before use in the trial. BV maps from 62 patients enrolled on the trial were evaluated. Mean BV values were 2.21 (±0.14) mL/100 g pre-RT and 2.22 (±0.17) mL/100 g at 2wkRT; relative RC was 15.9%. The BV maps from 3 patients were identified to be inaccurate and imprecise before use in the clinical trial. Our framework of real-time quantitative assessment of QI metrics during a clinical trial can be translated to different QI metrics and organ-sites for supporting QI-based decision-making that warrants success of a clinical trial.
Explaining Deep Features Using Radiologist-Defined Semantic Features and Traditional Quantitative Features
Authors: Paul Rahul , Schabath Matthew , Balagurunathan Yoganand , Liu Ying , Li Qian , Gillies Robert , Hall Lawrence O. , Goldgof Dmitry B.
Published: March 2019

Quantitative features are generated from a tumor phenotype by various data characterization, feature-extraction approaches and have been used successfully as a biomarker. These features give us information about a nodule, for example, nodule size, pixel intensity, histogram-based information, and texture information from wavelets or a convolution kernel. Semantic features, on the other hand, can be generated by an experienced radiologist and consist of the common characteristics of a tumor, for example, location of a tumor, fissure, or pleural wall attachment, presence of fibrosis or emphysema, concave cut on nodule surface. These features have been derived for lung nodules by our group. Semantic features have also shown promise in predicting malignancy. Deep features from images are generally extracted from the last layers before the classification layer of a convolutional neural network (CNN). By training with the use of different types of images, the CNN learns to recognize various patterns and textures. But when we extract deep features, there is no specific naming approach for them, other than denoting them by the feature column number (position of a neuron in a hidden layer). In this study, we tried to relate and explain deep features with respect to traditional quantitative features and semantic features. We discovered that 26 deep features from the Vgg-S neural network and 12 deep features from our trained CNN could be explained by semantic or traditional quantitative features. From this, we concluded that those deep features can have a recognizable definition via semantic or quantitative features.
Habitats in DCE-MRI to Predict Clinically Significant Prostate Cancers
Authors: Parra Nestor Andres , Lu Hong , Choi Jung , Gage Kenneth , Pow-Sang Julio , Gillies Robert J. , Balagurunathan Yoganand
Published: March 2019

Prostate cancer identification and assessment of clinical significance continues to be a challenge. Routine multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has shown to be useful in assessing disease progression. Although dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) has the ability to characterize perfusion across time and has shown enormous utility, radiological assessment (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System or PIRADS version 2) has limited its use owing to lack of consistency and nonquantitative nature. In our work, we propose a systematic methodology to quantify perfusion dynamics for the DCE imaging. Using these metrics, 7 different subregions or perfusion habitats of the targeted lesions are localized and related to clinical significance. We found that quantitative features describing the habitat based on the late area under the DCE time-activity curve was a good predictor of clinical significance disease. The best predictive feature in the habitat had an AUC of 0.82, CI [0.81–0.83].
Repeatability of Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Metrics in Phantoms, Head-and-Neck and Thyroid Cancers: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Paudyal Ramesh , Konar Amaresha Shridhar , Obuchowski Nancy A. , Hatzoglou Vaios , Chenevert Thomas L. , Malyarenko Dariya I. , Swanson Scott D. , LoCastro Eve , Jambawalikar Sachin , Liu Michael Z. , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Tuttle R. Michael , Lee Nancy , Shukla-Dave Amita
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to establish the repeatability measures of quantitative Gaussian and non-Gaussian diffusion metrics using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data from phantoms and patients with head-and-neck and papillary thyroid cancers. The Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) DWI phantom and a novel isotropic diffusion kurtosis imaging phantom were scanned at 3 different sites, on 1.5T and 3T magnetic resonance imaging systems, using standardized multiple b-value DWI acquisition protocol. In the clinical component of this study, a total of 60 multiple b-value DWI data sets were analyzed for test–retest, obtained from 14 patients (9 head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma and 5 papillary thyroid cancers). Repeatability of quantitative DWI measurements was assessed by within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV%) and Bland–Altman analysis. In isotropic diffusion kurtosis imaging phantom vial with 2% ceteryl alcohol and behentrimonium chloride solution, the mean apparent diffusion (Dapp × 10−3 mm2/s) and kurtosis (Kapp, unitless) coefficient values were 1.02 and 1.68 respectively, capturing in vivo tumor cellularity and tissue microstructure. For the same vial, Dapp and Kapp mean wCVs (%) were ≤1.41% and ≤0.43% for 1.5T and 3T across 3 sites. For pretreatment head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma, apparent diffusion coefficient, D, D*, K, and f mean wCVs (%) were 2.38%, 3.55%, 3.88%, 8.0%, and 9.92%, respectively; wCVs exhibited a higher trend for papillary thyroid cancers. Knowledge of technical precision and bias of quantitative imaging metrics enables investigators to properly design and power clinical trials and better discern between measurement variability versus biological change.
Early Prediction of Breast Cancer Therapy Response using Multiresolution Fractal Analysis of DCE-MRI Parametric Maps
Authors: Machireddy Archana , Thibault Guillaume , Tudorica Alina , Afzal Aneela , Mishal May , Kemmer Kathleen , Naik Arpana , Troxell Megan , Goranson Eric , Oh Karen , Roy Nicole , Jafarian Neda , Holtorf Megan , Huang Wei , Song Xubo
Published: March 2019

We aimed to determine whether multiresolution fractal analysis of voxel-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parametric maps can provide early prediction of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). In total, 55 patients underwent 4 DCE-MRI examinations before, during, and after NACT. The shutter-speed model was used to analyze the DCE-MRI data and generate parametric maps within the tumor region of interest. The proposed multiresolution fractal method and the more conventional methods of single-resolution fractal, gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and run-length matrix were used to extract features from the parametric maps. Only the data obtained before and after the first NACT cycle were used to evaluate early prediction of response. With a training (N = 40) and testing (N = 15) data set, support vector machine was used to assess the predictive abilities of the features in classification of pathologic complete response versus non-pathologic complete response. Generally the multiresolution fractal features from individual maps and the concatenated features from all parametric maps showed better predictive performances than conventional features, with receiver operating curve area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.91 (all parameters) and 0.80 (Ktrans), in the training and testing sets, respectively. The differences in AUC were statistically significant (P < .05) for several parametric maps. Thus, multiresolution analysis that decomposes the texture at various spatial-frequency scales may more accurately capture changes in tumor vascular heterogeneity as measured by DCE-MRI, and therefore provide better early prediction of NACT response.
Subtilisin Genes (SUB1-3) Presence in Microsporum canis Isolates with Human and Animal Source
Authors: Khalili Mohammad , Bayat Mansour , Hazaveh Seyed Jamal Hashemi , Robati Azadeh karami
Published: March 2019

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Exosomes and Their Role in Cancer Development, Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Manoochehri Hamed , Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Pourjafar Mona , Saidijam Masoud
Published: March 2019

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PRODUÇÃO DE ACETATO DE n-BUTILA VIA DESTILAÇÃO REATIVA
Authors: Bravim Junior Valter , Pires Afonso Adilson
Published: March 2019

A produção de acetato de n-butila por meio da esterificação do ácido acético com o n-butan-1-ol via destilação reativa foi avaliada por simulação computacional. Este processo já foi amplamente estudado, entretanto este trabalho apresenta uma nova discussão sobre a influência dos parâmetros operacionais da coluna na conversão de n-butan-1-ol e pureza de acetato de n-butila. Todas as simulações foram realizadas no programa Aspen Plus empregando o método de propriedade UNIQUAC e um modelo cinético pseudohomogêneo para a esterificação com o módulo RadFrac. Um processo otimizado foi obtido para uma alimentação de 50 kmol/h, em uma coluna de 15 estágios, com uma conversão de n-butan-1-ol de 99,22 % e pureza de acetato de n-butila de 99,60%.
AN INSILCO STUDY OF 1,1-DIFLUORO-2-METHOXYPROPANE REACTION MECHANISM WITH THE BROMINE MONOXIDE (BrO) RADICAL
Authors: Rufai Mohammed Abubakar , Adamu Uzairu , Gideon Shallangwa , Uba Sani
Published: March 2019

An Insilco study was carried out on the thermochemistry, mechanism and kinetics of the Hydrogen abstraction reaction of 1,1-difluoro-2-methoxypropane (CH3CH(OCH3)CHF2) with the Bromine monoxide radical (BrO) using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) based M06-2X/6-311++G** method. The energy values were immediately improved via optimization at DFT/M06-2X/6-311++G(2df,2p) level (single-point calculations) of the reacting species involved. The Monte Carlo search on the investigating hydrofluoroether (HFE) showed nine conformers with the lowest global minimum conformer being predicted and considered for this work. The results of this study showed that the atmospheric oxidation reaction of CH3CH(OCH3)CHF2 with the BrO radical proceeded in four (4) plausible reaction routes. The  total experimental rate of 4.34*10-06 cm-3 molecule-1 sec-1 for HFE + BrO reaction was estimated with atmospheric lifetime (ALT)/global warming potential (GWP) of 1.80 years and 165.30 respectively. The 3D potential energy surfaces (PES) for the reaction was however constructed at absolute temperature of 298.15 K.
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (QSAR) STUDIES OF SOME SELECTED ANTI-ULCER INHIBITORS
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad Baba , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Uba Sani
Published: March 2019

Proton pump inhibitors portray the first choice for treating various ulcer diseases, because they inhibits H+/K+-ATpase enzyme by covalently binding to cysteine residue of either potassium or proton pump. therefore, this enzyme is a validated target for anti-ulcer drugs. A quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies have been made on 30 benzo[d]thiazole series as H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors. Density Functional Theory was used to optimised the geometry of the anti-ulcer compounds. Four types of molecular descriptors were generated in other to know the relationship that exit between anti-ulcer activity and structural properties of these compounds. The QSAR result revealed a high statistically significant correlation coefficients R2 = 0.9401, R2adj = 0.9250, Q2LOO = 0.8842 and R2 pred= 0.7975, our QSAR model showed an excellent predictive activity with chemical property of the compounds, the results of the docking analysis revealed that most of the compounds show very good relation with the active receptor, with a better docking score of -9.1kcal/mol. The physicochemical parameters are to be considered when improving the inhibitory activities of benzo[d]thiazole against the enzyme that cause ulcer (H+/K+-ATPase).
DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL DISTILLATION COLUMN
Authors: Firmino Caroline , Da Silva Cintia , Da Silva Pâmela , Biaggi Paulo , Ferreira Newton
Published: March 2019

This work aims the study of a debutanizer column of a typical petrochemical industry. First a steady state model was built using ASPEN PLUS? and then the model was transformed to the dynamic version using ASPEN DYNAMICS?. The debutanizer column split a mixture of hydrocarbons into a C4 rich fraction and a C5+ fraction. In the C4 fraction 1-3 butadiene is the desired compound which will be separated in another processing unit. 1-3 butadiene is an important feedstock for the polymer industry. The column dimensions and characteristics and operational conditions where supplied by the company. The first part of the study was the model building and results validation with real data of the industry. Then the model was transformed into the dynamic version for control study purposes. Both open and closed loop studies were performed. The generated curves will be used by the company for control scheme selection purposes.
The Competency-Based Approach to Passing First Certificate in English
Authors: Kostikova Ilona Ivanivna , Viediernikova Tetiana , Holubnycha Liudmyla , Miasoiedova Svitlana
Published: March 2019

In this article the influence of competency-based approach of foreign language teaching to successful passing First Certificate in English (FCE) has been shown and the empirical analysis of the effectiveness of this approach for students of non-linguistic specialties has been conducted. The range of research methods (theoretical, empirical, statistical) has been used to reach the research purpose and justify the research finding. It has been confirmed that the most relevant type of a competency-based approach to teaching a foreign language for specific purposes is the communicative competency-based one. The linguistic competence, which is considered by authors to be the central multicomponent notion has been defined and characterized from the perspective of teaching English as a foreign language. The linguistic competence is based on five practical competences: Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Use of English. To check the effectiveness of the applying competency-based approach of teaching foreign language (English) for specific purposes the empirical (diagnostic) methods such as: testing (oral and written), observation, discussion were used; the pedagogical experiment was also conducted with the students. Statistical methods (Student’s t-test) helped to evaluate the results of the pedagogical experiment. The t-value result ranged from 3 to 4.7 shows the difference between the sample data and the null hypothesis that is significant, which proves the statistical importance of the obtained results.
Improving Speed to Handball Players
Authors: Georgescu Adrian , Varzaru Cristina , Rizescu Constantin
Published: March 2019

Introduction. I chose this theme because the sporting value of a handball player largely resides in the qualities of training, including the speed that shapes and refines the principles and skills required by content development. Technical and tactical preparation is specific to the modern handball game practiced by the best teams in the world.Objective. This paper tries to make a contribution to the enrichment of the methodical material available to those who have chosen the beautiful mission to initiate the athletes in the handball secrets, to teach them specific movements of the game: as close as possible to Play and the effort to the special requirements of handball.Therefore, the main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of a specific speed training program.Methods. The target group consists of 18 members of the men's team C.S. Medgidia, with an average age of 19.94 ± 1.28 years. This team is active in the National Championship, A Division.The subjects underwent initial screening on July 4, 2018. Final testing was conducted on August 29, 2018.During 8 weeks (July 6 - August 30, 2018) related to two tests, the team had included in their training program this training program we designed to improve their speed.Results. The parameter values recorded in the two initial and final tests differ statistically significantly from all parameters, meaning a 100% test. At these parameters, following the verification of statistical hypotheses using Test t, the null hypothesis was rejected, the significance threshold (p) being calculated being less than 0.05. Parameter averages calculated for final testing indicate an improvement in the athletes' preparation for initial testing at all tests.Conclusions. The main result of this paper is that the speed of subjects has increased, and that confirms the hypothesis that by performing a rigorously standardized program, based on specific speed training, the level of training of the motor quality speed will increase.
Remarks on Generation of the Orthogonal Structured Grids
Authors: Martynenko S.I.
Published: March 2019

Grid generation techniques have contributed significantly toward the application of mathematical modeling in large-scale engineering problems. The structured grids have the advantage that very robust and parallel computational algorithms have been proposed for solving (initial-)boundary value problems. Orthogonal grids make it possible to simplify an approximation of the differential equations and to increase computation accuracy. Opportunity of the orthogonal structured grid generation for solving two- and three-dimensional (initial-)boundary value problems is analyzed in the article in assumption that isolines or isosurfaces of d (=2,3) functions form this grid. Condition of the isolines/isosurfaces orthogonality is used for formulation of the boundary value problems, the solutions of which will be form the orthogonal grid. A differential substitution is proposed to formulate the boundary value problems directly from the orthogonality condition of the grid. The substitution leads to the general partial differrential equations with undetermined coefficients. In the two-dimensional case, it is shown that the orthogonal grid generation is equivalent to the solution of partial differential equations of either elliptic or hyperbolic type. In three-dimensional domains, an orthogonal grid can be generated only in special cases. The obtained results are useful for mathematical modeling of the complex physicochemical processes in the technical devices
Develop a Model to Study the Energy Distribution of Cascades of Atomic Collisions
Authors: Aleksandrov A.A. , Akatev V.A. , Metelkin E.V. , Baryscheva E.Yu.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, based on the solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation, we determine the energy distribution function describing the steady-state deceleration of the cascade of moving atoms taking into account their multiplication at the power interaction potential U∼1/rn.A new approach to the solution of the kinetic equation based on the extended concept of primary knocked-on atoms (PKA) is used for its calculation. One of the advantages of using the power interaction potential is that in this case it is possible to obtain simple analytical formulas for the distribution function of the cascade of slowing-down atoms taking into account their multiplication and demonstrate the simplicity and convenience of the proposed new approach to the solution of the kinetic equation. On the other hand, based on the obtained results it is possible to estimate the accuracy of various approximate solutions. It is shown that this approach will be applicable to other interatomic interaction potentials, if the average PKA energy loss in individual collisions decreases monotonically with decreasing energy, and the relative PKA energy loss in individual collisions will be small.
Simulation of Quasistationary Electromagnetic Fields in Regions Containing Disconnected Conducting Subregions
Authors: Galanin M.P. , Sorokin D.L.
Published: March 2019

Methods for a numerical solution of Maxwell's equations in the quasistationary aproximation in a region with multiply connected conducting subregions were discussed. The case of nontrivial operator kernel was explored. The methods for finding the solution of the linear algebraic equations system were analyzed. The method of introducing a "fictional armature" was offered as alternative method for searching [retrieving] a normal solution of linear algebraic equations. Results of computational experiments were presented. The study was carried out on the example of calculation for electrodynamic acceleration process in the railgun channel
Laser Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of the Subsurface Microstructure in a Nafion Polymer Membrane in Deuterated Water
Authors: Bunkin N.F. , Golyak Ig.S. , Golyak Il.S. , Kozlov V.A. , Primenko A.E. , Fufurin I.L.
Published: March 2019

The paper describes experiments in exposing the surface of a water-swollen Nafion polymer membrane to near ultraviolet radiation at grazing incidence. Ultraviolet radiation caused the surface of the Nafion polymer membrane to photoluminesce in a specific spectral range. This luminescence appears due to the presence of sulphonic acid groups at the ends of perfluorovinyl ether groups that form the polytetrafluoroethylen base of the Nafion membrane. We show that the photoluminescence signal is an important parameter for describing the process of polymer swelling in water
Experimental Investigation of the Dynamics in Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectra of Oil Pollution
Authors: Fedotov Yu.V. , Belov M.L. , Kravtsov D.A. , Gorodnichev V.A.
Published: March 2019

The paper concerns experimental investigation of the dynamics in laser-induced fluorescence spectra emitted by various types of oil pollution (light and heavy petroleum distillates, crude oil) on the earth surface, using an eye-safe 0.355 µm fluorescence induction wavelength. We show that in terms of time, the signal of laser-induced fluorescence generated by oil pollution on the earth surface diminishes more slowly than that generated on the water surface in the same circumstances. However, even though the signal of laser-induced fluorescence on the earth surface (after oil pollution) takes more time to diminish, in a few hours or days after oil spillage (depending on the type of petroleum product) the signal of laser-induced fluorescence generated by oil pollution becomes comparable to that of natural objects (such as various vegetation types) on the earth surface
The clinical decision support system for sepsis as an important part of the medical and economic component of a hospital
Authors: Gorban V. I. , Bakhtin M. Yu. , Shchegolev A. V. , Lobanova Yu. V.
Published: March 2019

Aim: To evaluate an impact of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) in the clinical practice of a hospital on the quality and costs of treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.

Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the database in the medical information system qMS (SP.ARM, Russia, St. Petersburg) from 2015 to 2017 on 37,997 patients. In the first study period from January 2015 to June 2016, we analyzed the results of the conventional treatment regimen. From May to June 2016, the CDSS module was implemented into the qMS and the personnel was trained correspondingly. The data collected during the second study period mirrored the results of sepsis treatment with the use of CDSS. We assessed the average number of in-hospital days, duration of stay in the intensive care unit, number of septic shock cases, mortality, and treatment costs.

Results: The diagnosis of sepsis was confirmed in 67 patients: in 1.4‰ (27/18,792) before the CDSS was implemented versus 2.1‰ (40/19,205) after the CDSS implementation (p < 0.01). It was found that the use of CDSS integrated into the hospital medical information system reduced the number of cases of septic shock development (p < 0.05). Lethality decreased by 10%. The sepsis-associated mortality showed a non-significant trend to decrease by 10% (p < 0.1). The implementation of the CDSS incorporated into the qMS helped to reduce the number of septic shock cases from 26% (7/27) to 7.5% (3/40) (p < 0.05). There was also a trend towards reduced duration of stay in intensive care unit, as well as towards decreased costs of sepsis treatment by 13% and efferent (extra-corporeal) treatments by 29%; however, the differences were not significant.

Conclusion: The CDSS implementation for electronic monitoring of the patient's condition and changes in his/hers parameters allowed for an earlier diagnosis of sepsis. We identified some prerequisites for more rational utilization of medical resources, mainly due to early, targeted treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock; however, additional studies are necessary.
A DIVISáƒO DO PODER: Pedro de Araújo Lima, os irmãos Cavalcanti de Albuquerque e os Rego Barros entre Pernambuco e o Centro no Século XIX
Authors: CADENA PAULO HENRIQUE FONTES
Published: March 2019

Este artigo traça, resumidamente, as trajetórias polá­ticas de Pedro de Araújo Lima (Marquês de Olinda), Antonio Francisco de Paula e Hollanda Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Visconde de Albuquerque), Francisco de Paula Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Visconde de Suassuna), Pedro Francisco de Paula Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Visconde de Camaragibe) e Francisco do Rego Barros (Conde da Boa Vista): todos polá­ticos nascidos em Pernambuco. O objetivo principal é compreender como se davam as interações entre os Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, os Rego Barros e Araújo Lima. Também queremos perceber como esses polá­ticos transitavam entre a prová­ncia de Pernambuco e o centro do poder no Brasil do Século XIX.Palavras-chave: Pernambuco. Brasil Império. Poder polá­tico.          THE DIVISION OF POWER: Pedro de Araújo Lima, the Cavalcanti de Albuquerque brothers and the Rego Barros between Pernambuco and the Political Center on the 19th  centuryAbstract: This paper briefly describes the political trajectories of Pedro de Araújo Lima (Marquis of Olinda), Antonio Francisco de Paula e Hollanda Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Viscount of Albuquerque), Francisco de Paula Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Viscount of Suassuna), Pedro Francisco de Paula Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Viscount of Camaragibe) and Francisco do Rego Barros (Count of Boa Vista): all politicians born in Pernambuco. The main objective is to understand how the interactions between the Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, the Rego Barros and Araújo Lima occurred. We also want to understand how these politicians traveled between the province of Pernambuco and the Center of power, in Brazil, in the 19th  century.Keywords: Pernambuco. Brazilian Empire. Political power.  LA DIVISIÓN DEL PODER:  Pedro de Araújo Lima, los hermanos Cavalcanti de Albuquerque y los Rego Barros entre Pernambuco y el centro del poder en el Siglo XIXResumen: Este artá­culo traza, brevemente, las trayectorias polá­ticas de Pedro de Araújo Lima (Marqués de Olinda), Antonio Francisco de Paula y Hollanda Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Vizconde de Albuquerque), Francisco de Paula Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Vizconde de Suassuna), Pedro Francisco de Paula Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (Vizconde de Camaragibe) y Francisco do Rego Barros (Conde de Boa Vista): todos polá­ticos nacidos en Pernambuco. La meta principal es comprender cómo se daban las interacciones entre los Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, los Rego Barros y Araújo Lima. También queremos percibir cómo esos polá­ticos transitaban entre la provincia de Pernambuco y el centro del poder en el Brasil del siglo XIX.Palabras-clave: Pernambuco. Brasil Imperio. Poder polá­tico.
Patlıcanda (Solanum melongena L.) Mikrospor Kültürü Üzerine Bir Ön Araştırma
Authors: Çelik Buse , Onus Ahmet Naci
Published: March 2019

Mikrospor
embriyogenesis olgunlaşmamış erkek gametofitlerin in vitro kültür süresince gametofitik gelişimden embriyo oluşturmak
üzere uyarıldığı bir sistemdir. Bu araştırmada, iki adet patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.) çeşidinin
mikrospor kültür tekniğine tepkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla,
ilk olarak uygun mikrospor gelişme dönemindeki mikrosporlar (çoğunluğu vakuol
mikrospor ve genç çift çekirdekli polen) anterlerden izole edilerek 35°C‘de 3
gün karanlık koşullarda ön uygulamaya maruz bırakılmıştır. Ön uygulama
işleminden sonra mikrosporlar %2 sakkaroz, 0.5 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid
(NAA) ve 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), pH 5.9, içeren NLN ortamında
kültüre alınmış ve bir ay boyunca 25°C‘de karanlıkta bekletilmiştir. Kültür
süreci boyunca mikrospor embriyogenesis indüksiyon süreci mikroskobik olarak
analiz edilerek bu gelişimsel sapmanın ilk evrelerine odaklanılmıştır.
Mikrosporların indüksiyondan hemen sonra kallus haline gelmeden önce simetrik
bölünme ve çok çekirdekli yapılar meydana getirdiği daha sonra ise
mikrosporların direkt embriyo oluşturmadıkları ve kallus oluşturduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Araştırmada bir ay sonunda mikrosporlardan yalnızca kallus oluşumu
meydana gelmiştir ve petri başına toplam kallus sayısı belirlenmiştir. G07-1 çeşidinde
ortalama 288 kallus/petri elde edilirken G07-2 çeşidinde 64 kallus/petri
meydana gelmiştir. Bu araştırmanın mikrospor kültürü tekniğinin
geliştirilebilmesi üzerine hem uygulamalı, hem de temel araştırmalar için yol
gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Foro del domicilio del demandado y Reglamento Bruselas ‘I-bis 1215/2012’. Análisis crítico de la regla actor sequitur forum rei = The defendant’s domicile in the Brussels ‘The Regulation 1215/2012’. A critical approach of the actor sequitur forum rei rule
Authors: Carrascosa González Javier
Published: March 2019

Resumen: Este trabajo explica con argumentos históricos y de lógica económica que la litigación internacional, de por sí ya costosa, peculiar y complicada, puede verse seriamente perjudicada por foros ineficientes. En esta línea, se pone de manifiesto que la regla actor sequitur forum rei, el foro del domi­cilio del demandado, es ineficiente pese a la difusión universal de dicha regla jurídica. Actor sequitur penaliza el comercio internacional, desincentiva la actividad internacional de los particulares y benefi­cia en modo muy significativo la posición del demandado, que es con frecuencia el incumplidor de los deberes jurídicos. El trabajo pone de relieve, también, que en el Reglamento Bruselas I bis, el foro del domicilio del demandado es un mero foro residual, subsidiario a la sumisión de las partes, desplazados por los foros exclusivos y alternativo a los foros especiales por razón de la materia. Por último, se sos­tiene que el TJUE, pese a sus afirmaciones en forma de cláusula de estilo, no ha interpretado los foros especiales como excepciones al foro del domicilio del demandado ni de modo restrictivo, sino como opciones jurisdiccionales para el demandante que son objeto de una lectura expansiva.Palabras clave: actor sequitur forum rei, domicilio del demandado, litigación internacional, foros especiales, principio de eficiencia, Reglamento Bruselas I bis, interpretación europea.Abstract: This essay explains with historical arguments and economic logic that international li­tigation, already expensive, peculiar and complicated, can be seriously damaged by inefficient grounds of jurisdictions. It is clear that the rule “actor sequitur forum rei”, the forum of the defendant’s domicile, is inefficient despite the universal dissemination of this legal rule. Actor sequitur damages international trade, discourages the international activity of individuals and benefits in a very significant way the po­sition of the defendant, who is often he who breaches some legal duties. This work also highlights that in the Brussels I bis Regulation, the defendant’s domicile works as a mere residual ground of jurisdiction. It operates as subsidiary to the submission of the parties, and is an alternative to the special grounds of jurisdiction. Finally, the ECJ, despite its assertions, has not interpreted those special grounds as excep­tions to the defendant’s domicile. To say the truth, the ECJ has also defended an expansive reading of those special grounds of jurisdictions.Keywords: actor sequitur forum rei, defendant’s domicile, international litigation, special grounds of jurisdiction, efficiency principle, Brussels Ia Regulation, European interpretation.
La aplicación privada del derecho de la competencia: acciones de daños y pronunciamientos judiciales = Private enforcement of competition law: damages actions and judicial pronouncements
Authors: Díez Estella Fernando
Published: March 2019

Resumen: Tras más de medio siglo de aplicación eminentemente pública del Derecho de la Com­petencia, estamos asistiendo a un impulso de la aplicación privada, que permite a los perjudicados por conductas anticompetitivas reclamar daños y perjuicios ante los tribunales civiles. Tanto la Directiva 2014/104/CE como su transposición en España por el RD Ley 9/2017 significan grandes avances en este ámbito. El objeto del presente trabajo es el análisis y valoración crítica de los primeros pronuncia­mientos judiciales que han tenido lugar resolviendo estas reclamaciones, derivadas principalmente de cárteles (azúcar, seguro decenal, sobres de papel). Se prestará especial atención a los informes periciales de valoración del daño, así como la diferente eficacia de las acciones follow-on y las stand-alone.Palabras clave: aplicación privada, acciones de daños, Directiva, estimación del daño, acciones stand-alone.Abstract: After more than half a century of public enforcement of Competition law in the EU, we gaze at the fostering of private enforcement, which allows filling damages actions to those who have suffered the economic harm due to anticompetitive practices. Both Directive 2014/104/CE and its implementation in Spain through RD Ley 9/2017 are significant steps in this direction. The aim of this paper is the critical analysis of the first judicial pronouncements dictated when dealing with such claims, basically provoked by cartels (such as sugar, property insurance or envelopes). We examine closely the relevance in these proceedings of the economic proof, as well as the different effectiveness of follow-on and stand-alone actions.Keywords: private enforcement, damages actions, Directive, harm estimation, stand-alone claims.
Problemas de aplicación regulados en el Reglamento Sucesorio Europeo = Aplication problems regulated by the EU Succession Regulation
Authors: Rodríguez Rodrigo Juliana
Published: March 2019

Resumen: En este trabajo vamos a explicar los tres problemas de aplicación que se encuentran contemplados en el Reglamento sucesorio europeo. De los tres, el orden público, la remisión a ordena­mientos plurilegislativos y el reenvío, este último es el que presenta una regulación más particular. En efecto, esta norma sucesoria se aparta de la línea general de excluir esta figura que siguen el resto de Reglamentos europeos de Derecho Internacional Privado. Además de lo anterior, el Reglamento no sólo admite el reenvío sino que, también, lo permite hasta de segundo grado.Palabras clave: orden público, ordenamientos plurilegislativos, reenvío, Reglamento sucesorio europeo.Abstract: In this paper we will explain the three application problems that are covered by the European Succession Regulation. Of the three, the public policy, the remission to States with more than one legal system and the renvoi, the latter is the one that presents a more particular regulation. In effect, the Regulation departs from the general line of excluding this figure, which is followed by the rest of the European Regulations on Private International Law. In addition, the Regulation not only allows it, but also allows it up to the second degree.Keywords: public policy, states with more than one legal system, renvoi, the EU succession Re­gulation
La mayoría de edad: un mal sueño para los menores extranjeros no acompañados = The legal age: a nightmare for the unaccompained minors who are nationals of third countries
Authors: Vinaixa Miquel Mónica
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El objeto del presente estudio es analizar la situación de desprotección y los problemas con los que se encuentran los Menores Extranjeros No Acompañados (MENA) a partir del día que cum­plen dieciocho años de edad, momento a partir del cual pasan a formar parte de un nuevo colectivo, el de los llamados ex MENA. También se examinan las soluciones actuales existentes en España y en la Comunidad Autónoma de Catalunya para ayudar y acompañar a los miembros de este colectivo en la fase de transición a la vida adulta, así como la regularización de su situación en el territorio español y la eventual adquisición de la nacionalidad española. Para la culminación de ambos procesos, estos jóvenes tienen que demostrar su integración en la sociedad española, requisito que, en la mayoría de los casos, es de difícil cumplimiento a la luz de la falta de formación, del bajo nivel de conocimiento de la lengua española y, en definitiva, de las circunstancias personales en las que se encuentran.Palabras clave: Menor Extranjero No Acompañado (MENA), interés superior del menor, mayoría de edad, desamparo, regímenes de acogida, autorización de residencia, autorización de trabajo, na­cionalidad española.Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation of vulnerability and the problems that the Unaccompanied Foreign Minors, who are nationals of third countries, encounter from the mo­ment they turn eighteen. The current solutions existing in Spain and in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia to help the Unaccompanied Foreign Minors along the transition period to adult life, are also analyzed. In addition, the analysis comprises the regularization of their situation in the Spanish territory and the eventual acquisition of Spanish nationality. For the completion of both processes, these young people have to demonstrate their integration in the Spanish society, a requirement that, in most cases, is difficult to comply with taking into account their lack of work experience, education, knowledge of the Spanish language and, in general, all the circumstances around them.Keywords: unaccompained minors who are nationals of third countries, the best interests of the child, child protection, legal age, protection regimes, residence authorization, work authorization,  Spanish citizenship
Medidas cautelares y certificado sucesorio europeo. En torno al auto de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona de 5 de julio de 2018 = Precautionary measures and European certificate of succession. Around the order of the Provincial Court of Barcelona of july 5, 2018
Authors: Antón Juarez Isabel
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El Auto de la Audiencia de Barcelona de 5 de julio de 2018 es la primera resolución sobre el Reglamento europeo de sucesiones que se dicta en España. Este Auto pone el acento en cómo el certificado sucesorio europeo es un instrumento probatorio de gran valor en las sucesiones mortis causa internacionales y cómo esa fuerza probatoria puede afectar también a la hora de conceder medidas cautelares.Palabras clave: medidas cautelares, certificado sucesorio europeo, suspensión, anulación.Abstract: The Auto of the Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona of July 5, 2018 is the first resolution on the European succesrion Regulation that is issued in Spain. This Auto emphasizes how the European Certificate of Succession is a valuable instrument of evidence in international mortis causa successions and how it can also affect the granting of precautionary measures.Keywords: precautionary measures, European certificate of succession, suspension, withdrawal.
Sustracción internacional de menores. Asunto vinculado con Suiza y España. Comentario de la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra (Sección 1ª) núm. 52/2018, de 17 de abril = International child abduction. Case related with Switzerland and Spain. Comment on the judgment of the Spanish Court of Appeal of Pontevedra (Section 1) number 52/2018 of 17th April
Authors: Azcárraga Monzonís Carmen
Published: March 2019

Resumen: Sustracción internacional a España de menor residente en Suiza en aplicación del Con­venio de La Haya de 1980 sobre los aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores. Discre­pancia sobre la residencia habitual del menor. No se aprecian motivos de no retorno.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, Convenio de La Haya sobre sustracción, Convenio de La Haya sobre responsabilidad parental y protección de menores, residencia habitualAbstract: International abduction to Spain of a minor residing in Switzerland under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. Discrepancy about the habi­tual residence of the minor. No grounds for return denial are appreciated.Keywords: international child abduction, Hague Convention on Child Abduction, Hague Conven­tion on Parental Responsibility and Measures of the Protection of Children, habitual residence
Ley aplicable a las acciones concursales de reintegración (comentario a la STJUE de 8 de junio de 2017, Vinlys Italia) = Applicable law to reintegration actionsin insolvency proceedings (commentary to CJUE judgment 8 June 2017 Vinlys Italia)
Authors: Espiniella Menéndez Ángel
Published: March 2019

Resumen: en el Asunto Vinyls Italia, el TJUE recuerda que la ley rectora del concurso no es base suficiente para revocar un contrato perjudicial para el conjunto de los acreedores, si la contratante prueba que la ley rectora de tal contrato no permite su impugnación. Entre los aciertos de la Sentencia, des­taca que esta excepción no debe amparar prácticas fraudulentas, además de que su tramitación procesal debe hacerse conforme a la lex fori. No obstante, la Sentencia presenta serias dudas al obviar que la de­terminación de la ley rectora del contrato, y su carácter internacional, deben hacerse por el Reglamento Roma I y no por el Reglamento europeo de insolvencia. También es dudosa la remisión a la lex fori para la posible aplicación de oficio de esta excepción; más bien debería jugar a instancia de parte de acuerdo con una interpretación literal y finalista del Reglamento europeo de insolvencia.Palabras clave: acciones concursales de reintegración, ley aplicable, ley rectora del concurso, ley rectora del contrato, tramitación procesalAbstract: in Vinyls Italy Case, the CJEU reminds that the law governing the insolvency proce­eding is not a sufficient basis to revoke a contract detrimental to all creditors, if the contracting party provides proof that the law governing that contract does not allow its revocation. One of the hits of the Judgment is that this defense should not cover fraudulent practices, as well as procedural aspects shall be governed by lex fori. However, the Judgment presents serious doubts when it obviates that the determi­nation of the law governing the contract, and its international consideration, shall be made by the Rome I Regulation and not by the European Insolvency Regulation. The reference to the lex fori is also doubtful in relation with the possible ex officio application of this defense; rather, that defense should play at the request of a party according to a literal and final interpretation of the European Insolvency Regulation.Keywords: reintegration actions, applicable law, law governing insolvency proceedings, law go­verning the contract, procedure