bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Formolysis and Acetolysis of Linear Saturated and Allylic Secondary Cy %‐clopropyl Carbinols.
Authors: CHESKIS B. A. , IVANOVA N. M. , MOISEENKOV A. M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkylthiodiacetylenecarboxylic Acids.
Authors: KOLOTILO N. V. , TKACHENKO N. I. , BUDILOVA I. YU. , KORNUTA P. P. , IL'CHENKO A. YA.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: endo‐2‐Methylbicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐5‐enyl Ethyl Ketone: An Useful and Highly Stereoselective Synthon for Aldol Reactions.
Authors: AHMAR M. , BLOCH R. , MANDVILLE G. , ROMAIN I.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Chloro‐5‐thiophenethiol with Triethylamine.
Authors: VVEDENSKII V. YU. , SHTEFAN E. D. , UL'EV M. V. , ZHNIKIN A. R. , SHKARUPA T. A. , DERYAGINA E. N. , VORONKOV M. G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐2‐arylpyrroles from Aryl 3‐Bromo‐2‐methoxypropyl Ketones.
Authors: SOROKIN V. L. , AZZUZ A. , KULINKOVICH O. G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted Angular Benzofurocoumarins.
Authors: SINGH R. , MALIK O. P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral‐Luminescent Properties of 7‐Diethylamino‐4‐(2‐ arylethenyl)coumarins.
Authors: TKACH I. I. , ANDRONOVA N. A. , SAVVINA L. P. , LUK'YANETS E. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐1(2H)‐isoquinolones.
Authors: NEMAZANYI A. G. , VOLOVENKO YU. M. , SILAEVA T. A. , KORNILOV M. YU. , BABICHEV F. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐2 Substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6‐Hexahydro‐2,6‐methano‐3‐ benzazocines: Binding Studies on Opioid Receptors.
Authors: FRANCES B. , GOUARDERES C. , MOISAND C. , CROS J. , JIMONET P. , MOY L. , CHIARONI A. , RICHE C. , GRIERSON D. S. , HUSSON H. P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of 2‐Substituted 5‐ Pyrimidinyl Benzoates, e.g. (IIIa), (IIIb), and Benzoyloxybenzoates, e. g. (IIIc).
Authors: KIZNER T. A. , MIKHALEVA M. A. , SEREBRYAKOVA E. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Action of Azolium Salts. Part 2. Aroylation of 4‐ Chloroquinazolines with Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by 1,3‐ Dimethylbenzimidazolium Iodide.
Authors: MIYASHITA A. , MATSUDA H. , IIJIMA C. , HIGASHINO T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiallergy Activity of (1,3,4)Thiadiazolo(3,2‐a)‐1,2,3‐triazolo(4,5‐d)pyrimidin‐9(3H)‐one Derivatives. Part 1.
Authors: SUZUKI N. , MIWA T. , AIBARA S. , KANNO H. , TAKAMORI H. , TSUBOKAWA M. , RYOKAWA Y. , TSUKADA W. , ISODA S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Purines. Part 50. Synthesis and Antileukemic Activity of the Antibiotic Guanine 7‐Oxide and Its 9‐Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: OGAWA K. , NISHII M. , INAGAKI J. , NOHARA F. , SAITO T. , ITAYA T. , FUJII T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of E,E‐(6.2)‐(2,5)Thiophenophane‐1,5‐diene: A New Monomer for Cyclopolymerization.
Authors: GLATZHOFER D. T. , GUERRERO D. J. , KHAN M. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromogenic Corronands. Part 3. 6,7,9,10,12,13‐Hexahydro‐19H‐dibenzo(b, i)(1,11,14,17,4,5,7,8)tetraoxatetraazacyclononadecene: Structure Particularities and Properties.
Authors: BELYAKOV S. A. , OSTROVSKAYA V. M. , ROMANOVA G. G. , BUSHTETS S. P. , SHMELEV L. V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reaction of Optically Active 2‐ and 3‐ Hydroxyalkylphosphonium Salts.
Authors: YAMAMOTO S. , TAKEUCHI H. , TANAKA Y. , OKUMA K. , OHTA H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 2‐Phosphinoylphospholane 1‐Oxide Derivatives.
Authors: MIYAMOTO Y. , YAMASHITA M. , OSHIKAWA T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Polycyclic Selenepinone Compounds
Authors: SAKAKIBARA M. , MIZUMOTO T. , WATANABE Y. , TORU T. , UENO Y.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Acyclic Isoprenoids. Part 6. Cyclization of trans‐ and cis‐2,6‐Dimethylnonadienones.
Authors: GAVRILYUK O. A. , KORCHAGINA D. V. , BARKHASH V. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dipeptides by the Photolytic Coupling of Chromium‐ Aminocarbene Complexes with α‐Amino Acid Esters.
Authors: MILLER J. R. , PULLEY S. R. , HEGEDUS L. S. , DELOMBAERT S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enzyme‐Scissile Linker for Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis.
Authors: ELMORE D. T. , GUTHRIE D. J. S. , WALLACE A. D. , BATES S. R. E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐α‐D‐manno‐2‐octulopyranosides Using Pyridinium p‐Toluenesulfonate.
Authors: HORITO S. , TADA M. , HASHIMOTO H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Enantioselective Synthesis of (‐)‐Physostigmine via Chiral Sulfoxides.
Authors: MARINO J. P. , BOGDAN S. , KIMURA K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of O‐Silylated Ketene Acetals: A Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Active Carbapenem Antibiotics, (+)‐Thienamycin, and (+)‐ PS‐5.
Authors: KITA Y. , SHIBATA N. , MIKI T. , TAKEMURA Y. , TAMAURA O.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Governmental Approval Procedures on Project Management.
Authors: BETZ M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Computer‐Assisted Synthetic Analysis. Quantitative Assessment of Transform Utilities.
Authors: COREY E. J. , LONG A. K. , LOTTO G. I. , RUBENSTEIN S. D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Kinetic Separation of Stereoisomeric Macrocyclic Lactone Derivatives, 7α,β‐O‐Acyl trans‐Zearalenols and 7α,. beta.‐O‐Acyl Zearanols.
Authors: GELO M. , SUNJIC V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of a Very Reactive Cyanovinylcarbene with Benzene and 3, 4‐Dichlorocyclobutene. Molecular and Crystal Structure of 2,3‐Dichloro‐ 5‐(1‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐1‐propenyl)‐5‐housanecarbonitrile and 7‐(1‐Cyano‐2‐ methyl‐1‐propenyl)‐7‐norcaradienecarbonitrile.
Authors: FRANCK‐NEUMANN M. , MIESCH M. , GRIES S. , IRNGARTINGER H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diacetoneglucose as Auxiliary Group in the Asymmetric Hetero‐Diels‐ Alder Reaction with Nitrosoalkenes.
Authors: ARNOLD T. , ORSCHEL B. , REISSIG H.‐U.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Course of the Denitrogenation of Optically Active 9,10‐ Dihydro‐5,6‐diazalumibullvalene to Optically Active 3,4‐ Dihydrosemibullvalene.
Authors: ASKANI R. , ANDERMANN T. , MUELLER K. M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymes in Organic Synthesis. Part 10. “Double Enantioselection” by a Lipase‐Catalyzed Transesterification of a meso‐Diol with a Racemic Carboxylic Ester.
Authors: THEIL F. , KUNATH A. , SCHICK H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peri‐Selective Cycloaddition Reactions of 3‐Methoxycarbonyl‐2H‐ cyclohepta(b)furan‐2‐one with 6,6‐Dimethylfulvene.
Authors: YASUNAMI M. , KITAMORI Y. , KIKUCHI I. , OHMI H. , TAKASE K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Example of Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Non‐ Stabilized Azomethine Ylide Generated from Tertiary Amine N‐Oxide.
Authors: TAKANO S. , SUGIHARA Y. , OGASAWARA K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of 2‐Phenyl‐6‐(2‐thienyl)pyridine and 2,6‐Bis(2‐thienyl)pyridine; New Ambidentate Ligands.
Authors: CONSTABLE E. C. , HENNEY R. P. G. , TOCHER D. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐2‐alkyl(or aryl)quinazolin‐4‐amines by Amide Base‐Mediated Cyclization of Carboximidamides Derived from 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)benzenamine.
Authors: PATTERSON S. E. , JANDA L. , STREKOWSKI L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
How to forecast the rollout response of a mailing list from a sample test in direct mail
Authors: Jain Chaman L.
Published: July 2007

Testing new lists is the lifeline of the direct mail business because it provides access to new customers, which is necessary for future growth and profit. Mailers often lose money on list testing. This article proposes a procedure (method) that is cost-effective, and at the same time, provides adequate information about the universe so that the mailer can make the right decision whether to go slowly on a list or to jump from a sample test to a full run. Many articles have been written suggesting, on a theoretical level, how the rollout response can be predicted from a sample test, but no one has shown whether or not that method works when applied to real data. This article not only proposes a new method for predicting rollout response from a sample test, but also tests it with real data. Furthermore, it compares the results of the two methods. The results show that the method described here gives far better rollout predictors than the other method. This article also suggests a mailing strategy that can be used as a guide.
Sales tax: Its potential impact on the repeat mail order customer
Authors: Klassen Michael L. , Porter Kathleen
Published: July 2007

The results of a national survey of mail order customers assessed differences between repeat customers who presently purchase from firms that charge a sales tax and repeat customers who do not buy from such firms. The results of a discriminant analysis, with these two groups serving as the grouping variables, suggest that they are different in price sensitivity. Specifically, at various levels of increasing purchase amount and tax rate, repeat customers who don't buy from firms that tax responded more negatively concerning intent to place an order. A potential problem for mail order companies is identified in the event that repeat customers who don't buy from firms that tax are required to pay sales tax in the future.
A method for improving the accuracy of finite‐element solutions using the extrapolation method
Authors: Hayata Kazuya , Koshiba Masanori , Suzuki Michio
Published: July 2007

To improve the accuracy of solutions by the finite‐element method (FEN), it is necessary to refine the element division or use higher‐order elements. However, in both approaches, large‐scale/long‐time computation is necessary because the dimension of the matrix equation to be solved increases. Especially, in vectorial or 3‐dimensional analysis, this is a serious problem with respect to computational cost. By the error analysis theory of FEM, the asymptotic property of errors is known when the interpolation polynomial of certain order is used. In light of this, we use the so‐called deferred approach to the limit and derive the extrapolation formula making use of the asymptotic property of errors. This leads to the more efficient use of FEM, which is one of our objectives. Also, an algorithm using the iterative extrapolation method is proposed to obtain more accurate solutions. The theory is tested numerically for the eigenvalue problem of a dielectric‐loaded rectangular waveguide. The estimate of the exact eigenvalue is obtained by using the extrapolation formula described above. Hence, it is shown that very accurate results are obtained by merely repeating small‐scale computations.
Optimum design of alternative routing systems with partial overflow scheme
Authors: Akimaru Haruo , Ikeda Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Haruhisa
Published: July 2007

An optimum design of alternative routing systems using the equivalent random method was proposed by Akimaru et al. However, it has a problem in that an individual call loss differs depending on call types, because of the design which places the average call loss rate of the alternative route within a predetermined value. In the present paper, we propose alternative routing systems with partial overflow scheme as a method to control the individual call losses. We describe the optimum design which minimizes the system cost under a given point‐to‐point call loss rate between origin and destination, and apply GI approximation, which we proposed before, to evaluate the individual call losses. The design method is described on a basic triangle alternative routing model, and the approximation is compared with an exact solution via numerical examples. It is shown that the design method has sufficient accuracy in less computational time compared with the exact solution. Further, it is clarified that the method prevents excessive investment with reasonable service and that a significant saving in system cost is attained compared with the conventional alternative routing system.
Design and test results of a deep sea optical fiber submarine cable
Authors: Niiro Yasuhiko , Ejiri Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Yamazaki Yoshihiko , Nunokawa Makoto
Published: July 2007

Long‐distance submarine cable telecommunication systems using low‐loss optical fiber have been investigated more and more extensively. They are expected for international digital trunk because of their economical feature brought by smaller diameter cable and longer repeater spacing as well as large transmission capacity. This paper describes a design concept for deep sea optical submarine cable and proposes a three‐split metal pipe structure as the pressure‐resistant layer against the high water pressure. This structure features good manufacturability of small diameter and thick‐wall metal pipe, particularly cable of long run length.

A prototype anti‐water propagation cable was manufactured using the pipe described above and the mechanical and transmission performance was measured in elevated temperatures, pressures, and tensions in the ocean simulator on the land. Also, test operations of the cable laying, holding and recovery on the 7000‐m deep ocean bed were performed. From the results obtained, we find that the estimated loss change is less than 0.02 dB/km, which makes the proposed optical fiber cable structure feasible for deep sea submarine cable system application.
Feature extraction by uniform structure threshold logic network
Authors: Ejima Toshiaki , Kimura Masayuki
Published: July 2007

This paper proposes the uniform structure threshold logic network which can extract various kinds of features from the multidimensional time‐series pattern. First, the basic characteristics of the proposed network are described and discussions are made on what kinds of features the network can extract from the time‐series pattern. As a result it is seen that the network has many interesting aspects in feature extraction, e.g., flexibility in the range of patterns to be extracted and determination of the center of a pattern. Based on these results, the network is applied to the feature extraction of the character pattern and the speech spectrum pattern. The results indicate that the network can extract the line‐segment components in various directions composing the character and also the location of formant in the speech spectrum pattern. The property of the network to extract these features which are important in the recognition, will be utilized in highspeed recognition and in the LSI recognition system.
Spoken word recognition of independent speakers using local‐peak‐weighted average dictionary
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshi , Nakagawa Masao , Yoneyama Masahide
Published: July 2007

A method has been proposed in the spoken word recognition, which utilizes the frequency‐time pattern inherent to the word. However, in the application of the method for speech by unspecified speakers, normalization is required, in contrast to the case of specified speakers, since the formant in the pattern may be shifted along the frequency‐axis due to the individual difference of harmonization organs of the speakers. The method including the formant normalization or nonlinear conversion of the frequency‐axis contains a larger computational complexity, and is not suited to a large vocabulary of words. From such a viewpoint, this paper proposes a method, in which a common weighted average dictionary is constructed by superposing the binary local‐peak patterns of speakers, absorbing their individual differences into a dictionary. The individual differences of speakers are also overcome by matching with the dictionary the binary pattern with an allowable width along the frequency‐axis centered around the local peak of the input speech. The weighted average dictionary is only a pattern set representing the frequency of the local peaks inherent in the word, and the storage of data requires less memory capacity. Since the input pattern is matched based on the binary pattern set, the computational complexity is also reduced. With 110 words of 0A command as the sample speech, both male and female speech is used as the inputs. When the input speakers are restricted, a recognition rate of 97 percent was obtained for restricted speakers and nearly 92 percent was obtained for unrestricted speakers.
Estimation of poles and zeros of voiced speech using group delay characteristics derived from spectral envelopes
Authors: Mikami Naoki , Ohba Ryoji
Published: July 2007

A11‐pole models have been used in speech signal analysis to represent speech‐producing systems [1]. This paper introduces a new method for analysis of the group delay characteristics derived from spectral envelopes. The method derives the complex cepstrum from the spectral envelope connecting peaks of fine structure of the power spectrum.

The effectiveness of the method is shown by application to synthesized and actual nasals.
Wave digital filters based on extracting two‐wire lines
Authors: Suzuki Masakiyo , Suzuki Masatoshi , Miki Nobuhiro , Nagai Nobuo
Published: July 2007

It is well known that wave digital filters (WDF's) imitating the behavior of doubly terminated reactance circuits have low coefficient sensitivity properties. Based on the Darlington synthesis procedure, a cascade synthesis of WDF's realizing arbitrary transfer functions has been shown. They are constituted with cascading basic WDF sections corresponding to basic reactance sections. The cascade synthesis procedure, however, is rather complicated in that transmission zeros have to be found by calculating the roots of an algebraic equation.
Multipurpose equipment practice for communication office terminals and its cooling characteristics
Authors: Yasukawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2007

In recent years physical design has played a major role in the development of digital and LST techniques. This paper describes the profiles and several requirements of communication office terminals with consideration of physical design technology and presents an evaluation method for equipment practice. New equipment practice with multipurpose both‐side ducts inside a. cabinet, used for exhausting air and/or cable wiring, is proposed. The relationship between physical structure and natural air‐cooling characteristics is empirically examined and it is shown that good results are obtainable relative to the packaging properties of the proposed equipment practice compared with conventional types.
Improvement of multiple access capability in m‐ary‐FSK/direct‐sequence SSMA
Authors: Yamauchi Yukiji , Sato Masashi , Morinaga Norihiko , Namekawa Toshihiko
Published: July 2007

In the conventional SSMA (Spread Spectrum Multiple Access) system, the number of co‐channel users is unexpectedly small and the increase in the number of co‐channel users is one of the subjects of SSMA. Introduction of error correcting codes, improvement on primary modulation, etc., have previously been proposed. Especially in direct‐sequence SSMA, primary modulation using modified M‐ary FSK has been reported to provide a remarkable improvement. A primary modulation scheme using modified M‐ary FSK, named “unpacked MFSK/DS,” is presented here for improving the multiple access capability on direct‐sequence SSMA by flattening the power spectrum of transmitted SS signals. It is shown that the number of co‐channel users in SSMA can be increased to twice as many as that of the conventional MFSK/DS systems only by modifying the frequency allocation of MFSK symbols and without modifying the conventional MFSK transmitter/receiver configuration.
A method analyzing the bifurcation of almost‐periodic oscillation and generation of chaos in a parametric excitation circuit
Authors: Inoue Masakazu
Published: July 2007

This paper discusses the bifurcation of the almost periodic oscillation and the generation of chaos in a parametric excitation circuit. The system to be considered is described by a third‐order nonautonomous differential equation.

Here, the original equation is converted into an autonomous system by using the averaging method. Then the behavior of the solution curves is examined by the phaseplane analysis. The bifurcation of the almost‐periodic oscillation and the generation of chaos under varying amplitude of the external excitation are discussed in detail. The feature of the method of analysis of the autonomous system used in this paper is that the solution trajectory can be obtained easily. Since the analysis is a kind of approximate method, the result is compared with that of the mapping method which produces an accurate solution. It was verified that the limit cycle obtained in the autonomous system corresponds to the invariant closed curve of the mapping method, and that the bifurcation of the limit cycle leading to the almost‐periodic oscillation and its transition to chaos also agree with the result of numerical computation obtained by the mapping method.
A traffic control method by adaptive reservation scheme using subchannel on bus‐type local networks for integrated voice and data
Authors: Tokinaga Shozo
Published: July 2007

This paper deals with an adaptive traffic control method which utilizes a reservation scheme using the subchannel on bus‐type local area networks for integrated voice and data traffic. For conflict‐free transmission over the main channel, each terminal is given a binary address and sends its own address bits serially on the subchannel for reservation. For realtime processing the voice terminals usually have higher addresses than that of data terminals. If the waiting time of data packet grows more than a threshold, the data terminal obtains a higher address temporarily while maintaining the discard rate of voice packets below on allowable level. The traffic characteristic is compared with other multiaccess protocols; as a result its data transmission performance and the number of accommodated voice terminals are shown to be excellent. The hardware realizability of the system is also studied through fabrication of a trial system.
Strip line‐type microwave modulator using photoconductivity
Authors: Ogusu Kazuhiko
Published: July 2007

When the strip line containing a semiconductor material is illuminated by light with an energy larger than the band gap, the resistivity of the semiconductor changes and the control of the microwave propagation in the line can be realized. For high‐speed control it is necessary to use the semiconductor with short lifetime and to increase the intensity of illuminating light. In this paper, a fundamental study has been performed for the microwave modulator using photoconductivity. Strip lines suitable for this modulator are a coplanar waveguide and a slot line. This paper investigates the coplanar waveguide. An optimum structure is found that provides the strongest microwave attenuation for a given light intensity. The dependence on the frequency of the attenuation constant is also found. The analysis is based on the spectral domain method. To confirm the usefulness of the modulator proposed here, the modulator has been made of Si and tested at 10 GHz. It is found that the modulation up to 100 kHz is possible even with a light source such as a lightemitting diode.
Injection locking of a double‐mode oscillator with fundamental and third harmonic resonators
Authors: Umeda Hiroyuki , Hayashi Hisao , Kitagawa Nobuo , Shiraga Yoshiaki
Published: July 2007

The injection locking of the solid‐state oscillator has been studied from the viewpoint of various applications such as modulation, detection, regeneration and amplification of signal in communication systems. The injection locking oscillation with harmonics exhibits various peculiar phenomena which are not observed in the single‐mode oscillator with single resonant circuit. This paper discusses the double‐mode oscillator composed of fundamental and third harmonic oscillations. The major results are as follows: (1) The effective increase of the Q value for the fundamental frequency due to the presence of the third harmonic is evaluated in terms of the effective external Q; (2) It is shown that the locking equation for the phase in the simultaneous oscillation of fundamental and third harmonic frequencies, is of the same expression as that of the basic equation second‐order loop (with imperfect integrator) in the phase‐locked loop (PLL). The equivalent loop gain is defined from such a viewpoint; (3) There exists a jumping phenomenon in the oscillator output, when the frequency of the injection signal is varied. This is the result of a sudden change of the injected signal frequency affecting the amplitude to an on‐off behavior. This property can be applied to the detection of FSK signal. These results of analysis were compared with the experiment, and satisfactory agreement was obtained.
Finite‐element solution of three‐dimensional electromagnetic eigenvalue problems
Authors: Koshiba Masanori , Katano Toshio , Suzuki Michio
Published: July 2007

A three‐dimensional finite‐element method for determining the vector fields within a closed system containing inhomogeneous materials of arbitrary shape is described in terms of all three components of the magnetic field vector. One drawback associated with the powerful vector formulation is the appearance of spurious, nonphysical solutions. A modified functional has been introduced to reduce the spurious solutions. To show the validity and usefulness of this formulation, examples are computed for resonant frequencies of normal modes in a rectangular cavity partially loaded with dielectric.
An under‐snow radar using multifrequency holography
Authors: Sakamoto Yuji , Takahashi Yukinobu , Iijima Yoshihiro , Aoki Yoshinao
Published: July 2007

With a view to creating images of the interior of snow and detection of an object buried in snow, an under‐snow radar has been fabricated and tested using microwave holography. Since the accumulated snow consists of numerous layers and is not uniform, conventional microwave holography exhibits poor resolution in the distance direction due to unwanted reflection from the interior and hence it is difficult to detect a buried object. To rectify this situation, a multi‐frequency hologram is used so that the resolution in the distance direction is improved and a clearer image is obtained. In this system, data collection and processing are carried out with a microcomputer and, as a result, a flexible and quasi‐real time numerical image reconstruction is possible compared to the optical processing. In the experiment with this system, a metal object less than 1 mm long can be detected in the snow. Thus, the feasibility of the image reconstruction of the object in the snow is demonstrated. Further, the snow surface and the ground surface under the snow can be detected and hence the amount of snow accumulation may be determined. However, it is still necessary to estimate various parameters such as the dielectric constant of the accumulated snow. The problem of reconstruction in a multiple medium is left unsolved.
Sampling and recovery formula in finite HANKEL transform based on the minimum‐norm principle
Authors: Araki Kiyomichi
Published: July 2007

It is known that the sampling theorem applies to the waveform after band‐limited transformation. It frequently happens as in the case of the far visual field of an image where only a finite number of sampling points are available, in the waveform after Hankel transform, for which the spectrum is limited to a finite region. Yen introduced a restoration formula based on the minimum‐norm principle for the finite Fourier transform waveform to restore the original waveform from such a finite number of sampled points. The method was discussed in detail by Kishi and Sakaniwa. This paper applies the idea of Hankel transform and presents several theorems indicating that the interpolation ability of the formula is better than that of the past formula by Dini's expansion. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by a numerical example. The proposed restoration formula requires a little more complex numerical calculation but the realized interpolation accuracy is far better both in waveform and in norm.
An analysis of electromagnetic near field around a truncated end of dielectric waveguide with rectangular cross section
Authors: Matsumura Kazuhito , Ueda Toshikazu , Tomabechi Yoshiro
Published: July 2007

The reflection coefficient of the guided mode and near‐field radiation pattern in front of the truncated end of a dielectric waveguide with rectangular cross section are analyzed numerically. The procedures are as follows: (1) The electromagnetic field along the dielectric waveguide is exprssed in terms of the guided mode and radiation mode. (2) Two field equations which must be satisfied by the boundary conditions at the end surface of the waveguide are defined. (3) The two‐dimensional Fourier transformation is applied to the field equations to obtain the spectral representations of each mode. (4) By determining the ratio of the electric and magnetic field components under the conditions that the mode spectrum must be satisfied with mutual orthogonality, the reflection coefficients of the guided and radiation modes at the truncated end can be obtained. (5) Finally, applying inverse Fourier transformation to the spectral electric distribution at the guide end, we calculate the near‐field electric distribution pattern in front of the truncated end of the rectangular dielectric waveguide. The analytical results are found to agree with experimental results. Several investigators have analyzed the problem of a dielectric waveguide discontinuity by using the approximated slab waveguide model. However, it is difficult to use the slab model to calculate the effects of transverse displacement of rectangular dielectric waveguides.

The results obtained in this paper are very advantageous for analysis of the problem of a waveguide discontinuity displaced in the transverse plane. The analytical method of this paper is applicable to the design of rectangular dielectric waveguide components such as couplers, dividers, etc.
Higher‐order bragg diffraction by dielectric gratings
Authors: Yamauchi Norikatsu
Published: July 2007

This paper analyzes the diffraction of a TE‐polarized plane wave incidence from a dielectric grating based on the modal expansion in which the orthogonalities of the Mathieu functions are used as almost periodic functions. This method provides good convergence particularly when the incident angle of the incident plane wave is close to the Bragg angle. As numerical examples, the incidence of a plane wave with a particular wave number for a given diffraction grating is shown for the incident angle near the first‐, second‐, and third‐order Bragg angles. The diffraction efficiency versus the grating thickness has been studied for the incidence at the first, second and third Bragg angles. The angular selectivity has also been investigated in the case where the incident angle is deviated from the Bragg angle of each order for the grating thickness for which the perfect extinction condition is satisfied for a straight‐through wave. On the anomalous diffraction due to the slab mode excited in a grating with its average dielectric constant larger than that of surroundings, the case of near second‐order Bragg angle incidence has been studied in detail. In the Appendix, new expansion coefficients of the Mathieu functions found by the Whittaker's method are provided for use in the analysis for near even‐order Bragg angle incidence.
Offset frequency allocation to reduce intermodulation noise
Authors: Nakajima Shigeo , Sakai Tsutomu , Mishima Hiraku
Published: July 2007

In SCPC satellite systems intermodulation (IM) noise is generated due to transponder nonlinearity. It is known that this noise can be reduced by proper signal frequency allocation. In the conventional method the signal frequencies are allocated at integral multiples of a basic interval, that is, the minimum signal frequency separation. This paper is concerned with offset frequency allocation in which the signal frequencies are not necessarily integral multiples of a basic interval. Specifically, the IM noise power spectrum is analyzed for 2‐phase PSK signals and studies are made for the IM power reduction characteristics after passing the receiving filter, specific signal frequency allocations with reduced IM noise and IM noise improvement over equal‐interval frequency allocation. Also, starting with the Babcock allocation, offset frequency allocations are derived and their IM characteristics and frequency bandwidth are evaluated.
An algorithm for multicommodity flows in a class of planar networks
Authors: Suzuki Hitoshi , Nishizeki Takao , Saito Nobuji
Published: July 2007

This paper presents a polynomial‐time algorithm for finding multicommodity flows in planar graphs. Suppose that G is an undirected planar graph and that some of the source‐sink pairs are located on the boundary of the outer face and all the other pairs share a common sink located on that boundary. The algorithm determines whether G has multicommodity flows each from a source to a sink and of a given demand, and if it does, actually finds them.

Let n be the number of vertices in G and b be the number of edges on the boundary of the outer face. Then the time complexity of the algorithm is O(n(b2 + T+(n)), where T+(n) is the time required to find the shortest paths from a vertex to the others in a planar‐directed graph with n vertices and nonnegative real weighted edges. In the class of planar networks treated in this paper, it is known that the so‐called “Max Flow ‐ Min Cut theorem” holds.
Synthesis of impedance transformable filter by artificial nonuniform transmission line with distortionless property
Authors: Takase Tadahiro , Nagasawa Masato , Ito Chiaki
Published: July 2007

This paper proposes a simple synthesis method of impedance matching and transforming filter. This method is based on the use of a multistage ladder network simulating a nonuniform transmission line. When the filter charactersitic functions defined in this paper satisfy the distortionless conditions of the voltage and current waveforms the artificial transmission line mentioned above almost operates as an ideal lowpass filter. As an example the characteristics of 1 ‐ 2ω transformable type lowpass filter are evaluated and the obtained results almost satisfy the conditions for the ideal filter.
A method for signal approximation using minimum norm signal
Authors: Uyematsu Tomohiko , Sakaniwa Kohichi
Published: July 2007

This paper shows that a fundamental signal called a “minimum norm signal” can be defined for a class of piecewise continuously differentiable signals in the time domain; the energies of the original signals and differentiated signals are both finite. Making use of minimum norm signals, this paper also presents an efficient signal approximation method. The minimum norm signal is defined as a waveform of minimum norm which takes specified sample values at given sampling points. The proposed approximation algorithm adds a new sampling point at a position which minimizes the integrated square error between the original signal and an approximate signal. This method adds the optimal sampling point at each stage and sequentially constructs the minimum norm signal with small approximation errors. Compared with a conventional approximation method using the orthogonal function system, the proposed method does not require integral calculation and is free from numerical integration error. Moreover, the sequence of approximate signals uniformly converges to the original signal as the number of sampling points tends to infinity.
Design of two‐dimensional digital fan filters with complex coefficients using 90‐degree phase‐difference network
Authors: Hsueh Sung‐Chu , Takahashi Shin‐Ichi , Baba Yoshi‐Aki
Published: July 2007

In two‐dimensional digital filters with complex coefficients, design flexibility is gained and the filter order can be lowered as compared with real coefficient filters. On the other hand, in the signal theory, the concept of analytic signal is well known in connection with single side‐band amplitude modulator, which can be implemented by using a bandpass filter or a 90‐degree phase‐difference network. The latter implementation, which uses all‐pass networks, yields far better characteristics as compared with the former.

The conventional fan filter with complex coefficients is designed by shifting one‐dimensional low‐pass digital filters with a cutoff frequency of 0.5 π on the real frequency axis and applying a variable transformation. In contrast, we propose a new design method of fan filters with complex coefficients that combines the approach of the forementioned 90‐degree phase‐difference network for the single sideband amplitude modulation and the theory of complex coefficient filters; i.e., two all‐pass networks with 90‐degree phase‐difference are used in the new fan filters.