bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGROSAVIA y su compromiso con el pequeño productor, la agricultura campesina, familiar y comunitaria
Authors:   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA
Published: September 2022

La Corporación ha generado durante los últimos años diferentes ofertas tecnológicas y recomendaciones dirigidas a pequeños productores que buscan con urgencia reducir las pérdidas de sus cultivos y garantizar su producción, además de asegurar su alimentación y la comercialización de sus productos, la tendencia actual del país y una clara orientación de las políticas del gobierno nacional muestran que existe un escenario propicio para que AGROSAVIA, no solo continúe sus trabajos de investigación orientados a la agricultura campesina, sino que avance de manera decidida y de la mano con el pequeño productor en la diversificación de sus ofertas, de tal manera que amplie su portafolio de investigación hacia otras especies, entre ellas, cultivos o especies subutilizadas pero importantes para la soberanía y seguridad alimentaria del país. De esta manera, promueve la agricultura familiar y comunitaria como una alternativa que genere sistemas de producción diversificados, aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos naturales a través del manejo integrado de suelos y aguas, y una reducción del daño ambiental mediante la implementación de estrategias sostenibles para el manejo integrado de producción y el manejo de plagas y enfermedades. En el mismo sentido, es necesario también fortalecer y consolidar los esfuerzos que AGROSAVIA ha realizado en procesos de transformación de materias primas que le permitan al pequeño productor añadir valor, incrementar la eficiencia de su producción, mejorar la calidad de vida de sus familias y generar riqueza en los territorios.
Relation Extraction in Biomedical Texts Based on Multi-Head Attention Model With Syntactic Dependency Feature: Modeling Study
Authors: Li Yongbin , Hui Linhu , Zou Liping , Li Huyang , Xu Luo , Wang Xiaohua , Chua Stephanie
Published: September 2022

Background

With the rapid expansion of biomedical literature, biomedical information extraction has attracted increasing attention from researchers. In particular, relation extraction between 2 entities is a long-term research topic.

Objective

This study aimed to perform 2 multiclass relation extraction tasks of Biomedical Natural Language Processing Workshop 2019 Open Shared Tasks: relation extraction of Bacteria-Biotope (BB-rel) task and binary relation extraction of plant seed development (SeeDev-binary) task. In essence, these 2 tasks are aimed at extracting the relation between annotated entity pairs from biomedical texts, which is a challenging problem.

Methods

Traditional research methods adopted feature- or kernel-based methods and achieved good performance. For these tasks, we propose a deep learning model based on a combination of several distributed features, such as domain-specific word embedding, part-of-speech embedding, entity-type embedding, distance embedding, and position embedding. The multi-head attention mechanism is used to extract the global semantic features of an entire sentence. Meanwhile, we introduced a dependency-type feature and the shortest dependency path connecting 2 candidate entities in the syntactic dependency graph to enrich the feature representation.

Results

Experiments show that our proposed model has excellent performance in biomedical relation extraction, achieving F1 scores of 65.56% and 38.04% on the test sets of the BB-rel and SeeDev-binary tasks. Especially in the SeeDev-binary task, the F1 score of our model is superior to that of other existing models and achieves state-of-the-art performance.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that the multi-head attention mechanism can learn relevant syntactic and semantic features in different representation subspaces and different positions to extract comprehensive feature representation. Moreover, syntactic dependency features can improve the performance of the model by learning dependency relation between the entities in biomedical texts.
Accuracy of augmented reality-assisted navigation in implant surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Mai Hang-Nga , Dam Van Viet , Lee Du-Hyeong
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The recently developed augmented reality (AR) implant navigation system, which employs innovative image technology in the form of AR to overlay a virtual presurgical plan over the actual surgical site, has attracted great interest.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of recently developed augmented reality implant navigation systems (AR navigation) and compare it to that of the free-hand method (FH), template-based static guidance (TG), and conventional navigation (CN).

METHODS

Individual search strategies were employed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to search for articles published up to March 21, 2022.

RESULTS

Among the 425 articles retrieved, 15 articles were considered eligible for narrative review, eight articles were considered for single-arm meta-analysis, and four articles were included in two-arm meta-analysis. The mean lateral, global, depth, and angular deviations of the implant placed using AR navigation were 0.90 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78−1.02), 1.18 mm (95% CI: 0.95−1.41), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.48−1.08) mm, and 3.96° (95% CI: 3.45−4.48), respectively. The accuracy of AR navigation was significantly higher than that of the FH method (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.01; 95% CI: −1.47 to −0.55; P<.01) and the CN method (SMD = −0.46; 95% CI: −0.64 to −0.29; P<.01). However, the accuracy of AR navigation and the TG method was similar (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI: −0.62 to 0.74; P=.55).

CONCLUSIONS

Accuracy of AR navigation was acceptable, comparable to those of the TG method and superior to those of the FH and CN methods. This review highlights the possibility of using AR navigation as an effective and accurate surgical guide for implant placement.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (Registration No. CRD42022323650).
Exploring the cross-cultural acceptability of digital tools for pain self-reporting (Preprint)
Authors: Ali Syed Mustafa , Lee Rebecca R , McBeth John , James Ben , McAlister Sean , Chiarotto Alessandro , Dixon William G , van der Veer Sabine N
Published: September 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Culture and ethnicity influence how people communicate about their pain. This makes it challenging to develop pain self-report tools that are acceptable across ethnic groups. We aimed to inform the development of cross-culturally acceptable digital pain self-report tools by better understanding similarities and differences between ethnic groups in pain experiences and self-reporting needs. Three online workshops, consisting of a focus group and a user requirement exercise, with people who self-identified as being of black African (n=6), Southeast Asian (n=10), or white British (n=7) ethnicity were conducted. Across ethnic groups, participants shared similar lived experiences and challenges in communicating their pain to healthcare professionals. However, there were differences in beliefs about the causes of pain, attitudes towards pain medication, and experiences of how stigma and gender norms influenced pain reporting behaviour. Despite these differences, they agreed on important aspects for pain self-report, but participants from non-white backgrounds had additional language requirements, such as culturally appropriate pain terminologies, to reduce self-reporting barriers. To improve the cross-cultural acceptability and equity of digital pain self-report tools, future developments should address these differences between ethnic groups in pain perceptions and beliefs, factors influencing pain reporting behaviour, and language requirements.
Medicare Opt-Out Trends Among Dermatologists May Reflect Systemic Health Policy (Preprint)
Authors: Agarwal Aneesh , Han Joseph , Luu Yen , Gulati Nicholas
Published: September 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Provider opt-out of accepting Medicare insurance is a nationally tracked metric by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for all physicians, including dermatologists. While this usually only consists of a small number of providers, the magnitude of opting-out has varied historically, often tracing changes in systemic healthcare policy, with a spike in mid-2016 and a recent increase in 2022. Here, we explore dermatologist opt-out data since 2001, as reported by CMS, to characterize trends and provide evidence that shifts in provider opt-out may represent a potential indicator of the state of health policy and possible needs for reform.
Implementing a Digital Depression Prevention Program in Australian Secondary Schools: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Beames Joanne R , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Hodgins Michael , Brown Lyndsay , Fujimoto Hiroko , Bartholomew Alexandra , Maston Kate , Huckvale Kit , Zbukvic Isabel , Torok Michelle , Christensen Helen , Batterham Philip J , Calear Alison L , Lingam Raghu , Boydell Katherine M
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Depression is common during adolescence and is associated with adverse educational, employment, and health outcomes in later life. Digital programs are increasingly being implemented in schools to improve and protect adolescent mental health. Although digital depression prevention programs can be effective, there is limited knowledge about how contextual factors influence real-world delivery at scale in schools.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the contextual factors that influence the implementation of the Future Proofing Program (FPP) from the perspectives of school staff. The FPP is a 2-arm hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial evaluating whether depression can be prevented at scale in schools, using an evidence-based smartphone app delivered universally to year 8 students (13-14 years of age).

METHODS

Qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 staff from 20 schools in New South Wales, Australia, who assisted with the implementation of the FPP. The interviews were guided by our theory-driven logic model. Reflexive thematic analysis, using both deductive and inductive coding, was used to analyze responses.

RESULTS

Staff perceived the FPP as a novel (“innovative approach”) and appropriate way to address an unmet need within schools (“right place at the right time”). Active leadership and counselor involvement were critical for planning and engaging; teamwork, communication, and staff capacity were critical for execution (“ways of working within schools”). Low student engagement and staffing availability were identified as barriers for future adoption and implementation by schools (“reflecting on past experiences”).

CONCLUSIONS

Four superordinate themes pertaining to the program, implementation processes, and implementation barriers were identified from qualitative responses by school staff. On the basis of our findings, we proposed a select set of recommendations for future implementation of digital prevention programs delivered at scale in schools. These recommendations were designed to facilitate an organizational change and help staff to implement digital mental health programs within their schools.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042133
The Use of Open-Source Online Course Content for Training in Public Health Emergencies: Mixed Methods Case Study of a COVID-19 Course Series for Health Professionals (Preprint)
Authors: Skinner Nadine Ann , Job Nophiwe , Krause Julie , Frankel Ariel , Ward Victoria , Johnston Jamie Sewan
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic generated an urgent need for credible and actionable information to guide public health responses. The massive open-source online course (MOOC) format may be a valuable path for disseminating timely and widely accessible training for health professionals during public health crises; however, the reach and effectiveness of health worker–directed online courses during the pandemic remain largely unexplored.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the use of an open-source online course series designed to provide critical COVID-19 knowledge to frontline health workers and public health professionals globally. The study investigated how open-source online educational content can be optimized to support knowledge sharing among health professionals in public health emergencies, particularly in resource-limited contexts.

METHODS

The study examined global course enrollment patterns (N=2185) and performed in-depth interviews with a purposive subsample of health professionals enrolled in the course series (N=12) to investigate the sharing of online content in pandemic responses. Interviewed learners were from Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Rwanda, Thailand, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States. Inductive analysis and constant comparative methods were used to systematically code data and identify key themes emerging from interview data.

RESULTS

The analysis revealed that the online course content helped fill a critical gap in trustworthy COVID-19 information for pandemic responses and was shared through health worker professional and personal networks. Enrollment patterns and qualitative data illustrate how health professionals shared information within their professional networks. While learners shared the knowledge they gained from the course, they expressed a need for contextualized information to more effectively educate others in their networks and in their communities. Due to technological and logistical barriers, participants did not attempt to adapt the content to share with others.

CONCLUSIONS

This study illustrates that health professional networks can facilitate the sharing of online open-source health education content; however, to fully leverage potential benefits, additional support is required to facilitate the adaptation of course content to more effectively reach communities globally.
The use of Twitter data enhances LSTM - generated prediction of the spread of influenza-like-illness based on surveillance and weather reports (Preprint)
Authors: Athanasiou Maria , Fragkozidis Georgios , Zarkogianni Konstantia , Nikita Konstantina S.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The potential of harnessing the plurality of available data in real time along with advanced data analytics towards the accurate prediction of influenza-like-illness (ILI) outbreaks has gained significant scientific interest. Different methodologies based on the use of machine learning techniques and traditional and alternative data sources such as ILI surveillance reports, weather reports, search engine queries, and social media, have been explored with the ultimate goal to be utilized in the development of electronic surveillance systems that could complement existing monitoring resources.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study is to investigate for the first time the combined use of ILI surveillance data, weather data, and Twitter data, along with deep learning techniques towards the development of prediction models able to nowcast and forecast weekly ILI cases.

METHODS

The model’s input space consists of information related to weekly ILI surveillance, online social (e.g., Twitter) behavior, and weather conditions. For the design and development of the model, relevant data corresponding to the period 2010-2019 and focusing on the Greek population and weather have been collected. Long short term memory neural networks (LSTMs) are leveraged to efficiently handle the sequential and nonlinear nature of the multitude of collected data. The three data categories are firstly utilized separately for training three LSTM-based primary models. Subsequently, different transfer learning (TL) approaches are explored with the aim of creating various feature spaces combining the features extracted from the corresponding primary models’ LSTM layers in order for the latter to feed a dense layer.

RESULTS

The primary model which learns from weather data yields better forecast accuracy (root mean square error - RMSE = 0.144, pearson correlation coefficient - PCC= 0.801) than the model which is trained with ILI historical data (RMSE = 0.159, PCC= 0.794). The best performance is achieved by the TL-based model leveraging the combination of the three data categories (RMSE = 0.128, PCC = 0.822).

CONCLUSIONS

The superiority of the TL-based model which takes into account Twitter data, weather data, and ILI surveillance data reflects the potential of alternative public sources to enhance accurate and reliable prediction of the ILI spread.
Correction: Identifying Patients Who Meet Criteria for Genetic Testing of Hereditary Cancers Based on Structured and Unstructured Family Health History Data in the Electronic Health Record: Natural Language Processing Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Shi Jianlin , Morgan Keaton L , Bradshaw Richard L , Jung Se-Hee , Kohlmann Wendy , Kaphingst Kimberly A , Kawamoto Kensaku , Fiol Guilherme Del
Published: September 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Impacto territorial y fiscal de una valuación masiva inmobiliaria a precio de mercado (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: Piumetto Mario Andrés , Monayar Virginia , Sammartino Ana , Fernández Valentina
Published: September 2022

América Latina exhibe una considerable desactualización de los valores fiscales de sus inmuebles, lo que impacta negativamente en la distribución de las cargas tributarias, el conocimiento de su riqueza patrimonial y la gestión territorial, en general. Hasta 2018, Córdoba contaba con valores fiscales de más de 30 años de desactualización respecto del mercado, incluso inferior a 5%. El objetivo de este documento es analizar esas diferencias y su comportamiento espacial en la provincia. Metodológicamente, se realizó un análisis de ratios, que permite evaluar el impacto territorial y consecuentemente tributario que implicaría aproximar valuaciones fiscales a niveles de mercado.
Una trampa moderna para el hábitat rural. Desarrollo y procesos de (des/re) territorialización en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Vanoli Fernando , Cejas Noelia
Published: September 2022

Este artículo analiza los modos en que el desarrollo y su narrativa transforman y ordenan el territorio rural del noroeste de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). Con una perspectiva cualitativa, estudiamos políticas públicas y privadas que alcanzan el territorio, analizamos datos estadísticos y recuperamos resultados de trabajo de campo en la región. Damos cuenta de los tipos específicos de (des/re) territorialización que la narrativa del desarrollo efectúa sobre las formas campesinas de habitar.
MaxEnt-Simulated Site Suitability Model for Adlai (Coix lacryma-jobi. L.) in Bukidnon, Philippines
Authors: Paquit Joseph , Parlucha Jason , Marapao Garry
Published: September 2022

To create a baseline and projected site suitability models for Adlai and assess the effects of climate change on the distribution of the species, 52 species occurrence points (SOPs) and 14 bioclimatic variables were used. Subsequently, purposive sampling was adopted to collect SOPs, while bioclimatic variables were obtained from a credible online source. The results showed that 245,980 hectares in the province are suitable for species based on the model. To determine the impact of climate change, the projected suitability modeled over 30 years was used, showing an increase from 245,980 hectares to 391,872, an increase of 145,892 hectares. Most of the projected suitable areas are in the southern part where some towns have almost 100% suitability coverage. The prediction accuracy of the model was excellent at 92% based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC). The bioclimatic variable with the most important contribution is AP12 (annual precipitation) which obtained 24.74%. The information generated in this research is essential for interested sectors in planning, targeting, and prioritizing strategic areas for Adlai investment programs.
Mongolia’s Road to Independence: The Power Bargains Between China and Russia
Authors: Ma Zhengyang
Published: September 2022

Since 1691, when the Qing Empire of China merged with Mongolia, the Chinese government always considered Mongolia an integral part of China. However, after the Qing Dynasty collapsed, Mongolia started to seek its independence, and finally be recognized as an independent regime from China in 1946. This article examines the question of how Mongolia achieved independence through the perspective of power bargains between great powers, China and Russia, in a historical context. Initially, this article analyzes how the Russian Empire expanded its sphere of influence in Mongolia after the mid-19th century and provoked the conflicts between Mongolians and the Qing Empire. In the meanwhile, the Qing empire’s reformation in the late 19th century put sizable economic pressures on Mongolians, which exacerbated the relationship between the two sides further. Between 1911 to 1945, immediately after the Qing Empire collapsed, Mongolia claimed its sovereignty with the support of Russia, but the new Chinese government had never recognized Mongolia as an independent country during this period. It was not until the Yalta Conference, however, since the United States eagerly needed the Soviet Union to dispatch its troops against Japan, that Roosevelt pressured the Chinese Government to accept Stalin’s requirement of recognition of Mongolia’s sovereignty.
Old age, sexuality and self-knowledge as a tripod to Achieve Quality of life stimulated by health and education professionals: A theoretical-analytical Study
Authors: Santana Wilder Kleber Fernandes de , Oliveira Richardson Lemos de , Domingos Kylderi Lima dos Santos , Silva Itaécio Felipe , Veiga Daiane de Oliveira Campos da , Lucena João Batista , Ribeiro Luciana Quagliane , Soares Priscila de Jesus , Almeida Rosa Maria f. dos Santos , Oliveira Laura Cristina de , de Lima Isaac Neves , Sousa Gisele Maria de , Rodrigues Vanessa Paiva Marques
Published: September 2022

With the present study, we carried out an investigation into how sexuality is directly linked to the quality of life of the elderly, and how some elements, such as the body and pleasure, become essential for their self-esteem. In this sense, we intend to build a theoretical-analytical research on old age and sexuality in post-modernity, a period in which there is a considerable search for the use of medicines. Our position defends that old age is not synonymous with functional incapacity, but we understand that this elderly individual lives in a quest to rescue the right to a sexual life in old age, which reflects multiple forms of libidinal transformation. It also means understanding it in a broad sense, which goes through tenderness, through physical contacts that erogenize the body, such as the look, touch, voice, rediscovering the first forms of human love. The collected studies point to a direct conjunction between sexuality, sexual pleasure and the quality of life of the elderly.
The Centre of Igbo Ontological order through the Philosophical Analysis of the Past and Present Experiences of the Igbo Man in his Universe
Authors: Onwuatuegwu Ignatius Nnaemeka , Obianika Peter Chukwuebuka
Published: September 2022

The notion of man is at the center of all human problems. Obviously, every philosophy, every religion, every culture, has to take up some position here because, all has a notion particular to them with regards to the notion of man. Thus, we shall in this work, bring out the Igbo notion of the human person—the most paradoxical of all realties. The foremost significance of this work is to respond to the need of a more documented idea on the concept of man as the centre of Igbo Ontological order through the philosophical analysis of the past and present experiences of the Igbo man in his universe; and by all means contribute to knowledge and scholarship by provoking more serious thought on this subject and serving as a meaningful point of reference for anyone who wishes to carry out further researches on the subject. Using the evaluative, analytic, historical and critical research methods, this research work advances the thesis that in Igbo world-view man is conceived as the centre of Igbo Ontological order.
КРИСТАЛЛООБРАЗОВАНИЕ В БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ КЛЕТКАХ BREVIBACILLUS LATEROSPORUS
Authors: Зубашева М.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Смирнова Т.А. , Шевлягина Н.В. , Смирнов Ю.А. , Жуховицкий В.Г. , Яминский И.В.
Published: September 2022

Бациллы Brevibacillus laterosporus (Вl) являются перспективным источником бактериальных инсектицидов. Способность к кристаллообразованию у бактерий Bl до недавнего времени не была установлена. Методами сканирующей и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии охарактеризованы бактериальные клетки Brevibacillus laterosporus. Изучено образование в бактериях белковых кристаллов от первых этапов зарождения в клетках и до стадии появления свободных кристаллов. Получены изображения кристаллов с молекулярным разрешением и определены параметры кристаллической решетки. В случае энтомоцидных бацилл в клетках образуются кристаллические белковые токсины, которые приводят к гибели насекомых после поглощения ими бактерий. Таков механизм защиты этих бактериальных клеток. В этом случае кристаллы выполняют защитную функцию живых организмов.
МАГНИТОДЕФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ И ВАКУУМНОЕ УПЛОТНЕНИЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МАГНИТОАКТИВНОГО ЭЛАСТОМЕРА
Authors: Степанов Г.В. , Крамаренко Е.Ю. , Стороженко П.А.
Published: September 2022

Обсуждается возможность применения магнитоактивных эластомеров (МАЭ) в вакуумных уплотнениях по неровной поверхности. Материал характеризуется высоким магнитодеформационным и магнитострикционным эффектами и обладает высокой эластичностью. Данный материал под действием магнитного поля способен притягиваться к уплотняемой неровной поверхности и выполнять роль эффективного уплотнителя.
Оценка эффективности стратегий поиска при роботизированной сборке
Authors: Вартанов М.В. , Линь Нгуен Ван , Зунг Нгуен Ван
Published: September 2022

Показаны технологические возможности промышленных роботов в сборочном производстве на основе средств пассивной и активной адаптации.
Повышение износостойкости вращающегося медицинского алмазного инструмента путем модификации режущей поверхности
Authors: Половнева Л.В. , Чуев В.П.
Published: September 2022

Предложен усовершенствованный способ изготовления стоматологического бора с упрочненными эксплуатационными характеристиками, с добавлением в технологию этапа электрохимического травления нанесенного рабочего слоя и введением упрочняющего каркасного слоя абразива, что дает значительное преимущество по производительности в сравнении со стандартным бором.
A systematic Mapping of Agripreneurship Studies in Developing Countries: A Review of Research Direction and Gaps
Authors: Boye Mortala , Raza Hafiz Ali , Asghar Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The primary aim of this study was to undergo exploratory research, using a systematic mapping of literature to ascertain the current knowledge level on agripreneurship concepts, agripreneurial opportunities, behaviors, performance, and challenges affecting agripreneurial development in developing countries. A systematic mapping technique was used involving PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodology. A comprehensive search of Google Scholar and Science Direct that produced a total sample of 47 research articles from 2010 to 2020. The literature review identified an array of definitions of agripreneurship, implying that there is still no unified definition of agripreneurship. The exploratory study also found input supply, production, agro-processing, marketing, transportation, and services viable business opportunities for potential youth agripreneurs. Moreover, the study identified a host of factors influencing agripreneurship behavior. Personality traits, psychological, and contextual factors such as perceived government support and social networking were highlighted as essential determinants driving agripreneurial ventures. In most research revealed that agripreneurial orientation, skill, personality traits, and perceived government and family and friends support significantly impact business performance. However, the review highlight several challenges affecting agripreneurship development in developing countries, such as lack of government support, discouragement from family and friends, poor infrastructure, imperfect market institutions, lack of agripreneurial skills, and inadequate credit facilities for agripreneurial ventures
Blockchain for Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: PP Greeshma , Rajashekar Dr. J S
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Sensory data are used in industrial processes to gather the accurate results. In addition toasystem in order to draw useful inference from gathered data. That can guarantee that only reliable data is transferred. Physical data needs to be reliable. It must be model-free and use many overlapping field-of-view sensor origins. Events that take place during the lifespan of the product and are given process monitoring, recognition, and greatest control once trustworthy data is captured on the blockchain. As a result, the method of employing Blockchain to identify data mistakes and derive inferences from them includes recommendations for preventative actions to take before severe occurrences. We present thorough evaluation results of innovative research for blockchain. Throughout this study, we have emphasised the considerable benefits of employing on blockchain. In light of recent project, we propose dependable works built on the blockchain architecture. We also talk about present and upcoming blockchain implementation difficulties that call for more research.
Do constitutional principles affect self-realization of the youth?
Authors: Pevtsova Elena A. , Umnova-Koniukhova Irina A. , Aleshkova Irina A.
Published: September 2022

The influence of constitutional principles on youth consciousness is a fundamental issue. Combined, constitutional and moral principles underlie behavior of young people in the society. They are of great relevance in the process of civil society formation. This paper examines the features of self-actualization of youth in Russia. We conducted a sociological survey of more than 200 students of higher educational institutions, most of them participating in the activities of youth public organizations in various areas: sports, politics, ecology, patriotic education, charity, etc. The survey showed that those who actively realized their talents and abilities and sought to express themselves in science and society were motivated by the constitutional guidelines; they were well aware of the content of legal prescriptions that specify constitutional principles. Many of the young people perceive constitutional principles as guarantees of their legal possibilities that determine the basis for their interaction with other subjects of law. Moreover, it was found that legal and moral values formed in the mind of a young person provide understanding of the content of constitutional principles and affect the behavior of a young person in the process of self-actualization.
Coordination of local authorities in Russia and Spain: comparative legal research
Authors: Komlev Evgeny Y.
Published: September 2022

One of the consequences of the 2020 constitutional reform in Russia is introduction into Russian legislation of the «coordination» concept in relation to the public authority’s activity. So far this legal institution has not received detailed regulation. The institution of coordination of the local authorities’ activities has long been known to foreign legal orders, including Spanish legislation. Taking into account the current reform of the Russian legislation on local self-government, the author substantiates the relevance and timeliness of the study of Spanish experience in this sphere. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal basis and nature, procedure and conditions for applying the institution of coordination of the local authorities’ activity in Russia and Spain, to determine the possibility of implementing the Spanish experience into the Russian legal order. The methodological basis of the study involves general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative legal and historical methods. Russian and Spanish legislations, law enforcement practice, doctrinal approaches to the research topic have been investigated. Based on the study, the author comes to the conclusion that Spanish experience in this field is relevant for Russia. The institution of coordination in relation to the activities of local self-government bodies in Russia requires more detailed regulation. The author proposes approaches for the complex use of the institution of coordination in order to achieve an optimal balance between the elements of centralization and decentralization of public power.
Unprecedented law: protecting the Russian financial system against the impact of sanctions
Authors: Tsepova Ekaterina A.
Published: September 2022

The subject of this article is the special economic measures adopted by the Russian Federation to counter the sanctions imposed by a number of states (the United States, the United Kingdom, some EU countries) at the beginning of 2022. The article reviews the concept of “economic sanctions” and its main goals. The author analyzes the experience of sanctions against such countries as Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela, including the reasons for imposing restrictions and their economic consequences. Particular attention is paid to the economic measures imposed against Russia and their unprecedented nature. Besides, the main response measures of the Russian Federation are studied. It was proved that despite the negative consequences, the sanctions did not collapse the Russian economy, as predicted by Western leaders. The author makes conclusion concerning effectiveness and timeliness of the taken protective measures. Moreover, it was found that the sanctions led to extremely negative consequences for the financial system of the countries that imposed restrictions contrary to the ideas related to economic efficiency. This indicates the extremely destructive nature of economic sanctions as an instrument of foreign policy and economic influence.
Extorsiones, victimización popular y limpieza social en Guatemala a principios del siglo XXI
Authors: Bedoya Luis
Published: September 2022

Durante los primeros años del siglo XXI, Guatemala experimentó incrementos de la criminalidad violenta y los homicidios. En áreas urbanas, las pandillas juveniles o maras, las extorsiones y las prácticas de limpieza social adquirieron relevancia. Desde 2004, activistas de derechos humanos denunciaron que el Estado implementaba políticas de limpieza social en contra de supuestos criminales, particularmente contra mareros. Ciertamente así sucedía. No obstante, la limpieza social comenzó antes, cuando víctimas de la depredación extorsiva se transformaron en victimarios de supuestos extorsionistas. Este artículo analiza las prácticas de limpieza social de aquel momento como fenómeno relacionado con la formación de la cuestión criminal, la victimización extorsiva y las prácticas de vigilantismo popular y estatal.
Predicciones del financiamiento bancario en las PYMES de México
Authors: Jiménez Rico Artemio , Gómez López Claudia Susana , Caldera González Diana del Consuelo
Published: September 2022

Diversos estudios empíricos demuestran que la falta de financiamiento afecta el crecimiento económico de las empresas y que las PYMES son las más afectadas por esta restricción. Mediante un diseño de investigación no experimental y longitudinal de tendencias a través de recopilación de datos de la encuesta trimestral de evaluación coyuntural del mercado crediticio de 2010 al 2021, este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las predicciones del financiamiento bancario en las PYMES de 2022 a 2024 mediante el método Holt-Winters. Entre los resultados se encontró que existe una gran brecha en el acceso a financiamiento bancario entre las PYMES y las grandes empresas. Las PYMES con endeudamiento bancario a diciembre 2021 era del 35.3%, mientras que en las empresas grandes era del 56.1%. Asimismo, las PYMES que utilizaron nuevos créditos fue del 8.1%, mientras que en las grandes empresas fue del 23.6%. Las predicciones para 2024 indican que no habrá variaciones significativas. Entre las principales limitantes para acceder a financiamiento bancario están la capitalización de su empresa, la situación económica general del país y las altas tasas de interés.
Economic damage, spillovers, and nutrient loss from desertification in China
Authors: Jin Yutong , Lenzen Manfred , Malik Arunima , Huang Rui , Li Mengyu , Wang Yafei
Published: September 2022

Desertification threatens food security and human nutrition through its
impacts on agricultural productivity. The damage caused by
desertification includes both direct, on-site impacts and wide-ranging
indirect, off-site effects. In this study, we applied a multi-region
input-output framework to estimate the direct and indirect consequences
of desertification in China, and associated impacts on macronutrient
intake. We found that desertification causes macronutrient loss and
significant losses in employment, income, and value added throughout
upstream supply chains. Our results indicate that desertification
affected around 2.1 million jobs, resulted in income loss of about US$
17.3 billion, and a loss in value added of about US$ 28.6 billion in
year 2017. In terms of sub-national regions within China, macronutrient
losses are highest in Inner Mongolia, with the population facing a 24%
reduction in energy, 21% reduction in protein, 33% reduction in fat,
and 26% in carbohydrates. The findings of our study suggest the
importance of combating desertification, which is also indicated as a
priority in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 of the United
Nations 2030 Agenda.
An interactive system to map land degradation and inform decision-making to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality via convergence of evidence across scales: a case study in Ecuador
Authors: Teich Ingrid , Harari Nicole , Caza Pablo , Henao-Henao Juan Pablo , Lopez Juan Calles , Raviolo Eugenia , Díaz-González Ana María , González Hernán , Bastidas Soledad , Morales-Opazo Cristian , García César Luis
Published: September 2022

One of the core challenges to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN)
is to spatially identify, and strategically prioritise, the areas to
implement actions to avoid, reduce and reverse land degradation. To
achieve this, a tool for a participatory and data-driven assessment
considering both the biophysical, and socio-economic dimensions of land
degradation across scales was developed for Ecuador. In this paper, we
present the methodology and results obtained, including the spatially
explicit interactive tool developed to integrate indicators that support
the scaling-up of sustainable land management (SLM). The process
involved specialists from various national and international
institutions, as well as decision makers from the public sector and
other relevant stakeholders. Cloud computing allowed the integration of
five main sources of data: (1) the results of a participatory land
degradation assessment based on an expert knowledge questionnaire
following the Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) and World
Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT)
methodology; (2) the Hand-in-Hand Initiative Ecuador typology maps based
on poverty maps and estimated agricultural potential and efficiency
scores using household surveys on agricultural production; (3) National
data sets on land cover and land use, soil properties, and hydro
climatic indicators; (4) global satellite-derived LDN indicators, such
as Land Productivity Dynamics; and (5) Documented SLM practices from
WOCAT Global SLM Database. The tool is based on a Google Earth Engine
application and allows decision makers to easily compare results and
obtain statistics at different spatial scales and landscapes, including
647 Land Use Systems delimited by experts. It also includes a
multi-criteria module to identify areas with specific characteristics to
prioritise different types of interventions to achieve the country´s LDN
targets. Convergence of local and global evidence allowed the
identification of hotspots of degradation as well as areas of false
positives/negatives - if only global or remote sensing indicators were
considered. The participatory process contributed to strengthening
multi-sector cooperation mechanisms and to guaranteeing ownership of the
tool and the results. The system will support Ecuador’s efforts to
monitor and report progress towards LDN to the United Nations Convention
to Combat Desertification. The system´s code is shared as a repository
at Earth Engine and can be adapted to and used by other countries and
regions.
Developing an Echocardiography-Based, Automatic Deep Learning Framework for the Differentiation of Increased Left Ventricular Wall Thickness Etiologies
Authors: Banerjee Imon , Li James , Chao, Chieh-Ju , Jeong Jiwoong Jason , R Amith Seri , Barry Timothy , Neuman Hana , Campany Megan , Abdou Merna , O’Shea Michael , Smith Sean , Abraham Bishoy , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Wang Yuxiang , Lester Steven , Alsidawi Said , Wilansky susan , Steidley Eric , Rosenthal Julie , Ayoub Chadi , Appleton Christopher , Shen Win-Kuang , Grogan Martha , Kane Garvan , Oh Jae , Patel Bhavik N. , Arsanjani Reza
Published: September 2022

Aims Increased LV wall thickness is frequently encountered in
transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). While accurate and early diagnosis
is clinically important, given the differences in available therapeutic
options and prognosis, an extensive workup is often required to
establish the diagnosis. We propose the first echo-based, automated deep
learning model with a fusion architecture to facilitate the evaluation
and diagnosis of increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness.
Methods and Results Patients with an established diagnosis of
increased LV wall thickness (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac
amyloidosis (CA), and hypertensive heart disease (HTN)/others) between
1/2015 to 11/2019 at Mayo Clinic Arizona were identified. The cohort was
divided into 80%/10%/10% for training, validation, and testing sets,
respectively. Six baseline TTE views were used to optimize a pre-trained
InceptionResnetV2 model. Each model output was used to train a
meta-learner under a fusion architecture. Model performance was assessed
by multiclass area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
(AUROC). A total of 586 patients were used for the final analysis (194
HCM, 201 CA, and 191 HTN/others). The mean age was 55.0 years, and
57.8% were male. Among the individual view-dependent models, the apical
4 chamber model had the best performance (AUROC: HCM: 0.94, CA: 0.73,
and HTN/other: 0.87). The final fusion model outperformed all the
view-dependent models (AUROC: CA: 0.90, HCM: 0.93, and HTN/other: 0.92).
Conclusion The echo-based InceptionResnetV2 fusion model can
accurately classify the main etiologies of increased LV wall thickness
and can facilitate the process of diagnosis and workup.
Two simple concrete methods to reduce the dosage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) dramatically - As with antihyperlipidemic drugs, efficacy should be examined after administration of NSAIDs. When NSAIDs are administered for more than 2 weeks, it is necessary to confirm that NSAIDs are more analgesic than acetaminophen.
Authors: Toda Katsuhiro
Published: September 2022

Abstract There are two simple concrete methods to reduce the dosage of
NSAIDs dramatically. An attending physician is suspected of being a fake
doctor if the blood test is never performed after administration of the
antihyperlipidemic drug. However, the analgesic effects are often not
examined after the administration of analgesics. As with
antihyperlipidemic drugs, efficacy should be examined after
administration of analgesics. Analgesics should not be administered
continuously without examining the analgesic effects. One study shows no
difference in the analgesic effects between NSAIDs and acetaminophen at
the latest 2 weeks after injury or surgery. If NSAIDs are administered
for more than 2 weeks, it is necessary to confirm that NSAIDs are more
analgesic than acetaminophen. If NSAIDs are more analgesic than
acetaminophen, prolonged administration of NSAIDs is acceptable, knowing
that they have more adverse effects than acetaminophen. If the analgesic
effects of both medicines are comparable, acetaminophen should be
administered. These are a matter of course. The two methods reduce the
administration of NSAIDs dramatically, reducing the aforementioned
adverse effects due to NSAIDs dramatically.
Physcion alleviates chronic alcoholic hepatic inflammation and pyroptosis through SIRT1-AMPK activation
Authors: Bai Ting , Guo Haolin , Wang Ruijie , Zhang Yuxin , Li Jifeng , Dong Ying , Zhang Qinggao , Yang Yong
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) caused by
chronic alcohol consumption range from simple steatosis to alcoholic
hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Physcion is an anthraquinone
compound of Rheum palmatum L, a Chinese herbal medicine with possible
hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the
protective effect and associated molecular mechanisms of physcion on
chronic alcoholic liver injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Chronic alcoholic
liver injury was induced by placing male C57BL/6 mice on Lieber-DeCarli
ethanol-containing diets for 10 days and then administering a single
dose of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) via gavage. Human hepatic stellate
cells line, LX-2 cells were pretreated with physcion for 1 h prior to
ethanol stimulation. KEY RESULTS Physcion effectively ameliorated
ALD-induced serum aminotransferase and triglyceride levels, steatosis,
activated SIRT1-AMPK signaling, then inhibited hepatic NLRP3
inflammasome activation and GSDMD relevant in pyroptosis, the same as
the hepato-protection of AMPK and SIRT1 agonists. Physcion suppressed
ECM accumulation through inhibiting collagen-Ⅰ and α-SMA expression.
Moreover, physcion prevented the accumulation of HMGB1 and NF-κB p65
nuclear translocation and release. Importantly, silencing of SIRT1-AMPK
signaling eliminates the protective effect of physcion. CONCLUSIONS AND
IMPLICATIONS Activation of SIRT1-AMPK signaling is involved in ALD
pathogenesis, which alleviated by physcion through inhibiting NLRP3
inflammasome activation, inflammatory response and pyroptosis.
Therefore, manipulation of hepatic inflammation and pyroptosis through
strategies by targeting SIRT1-AMPK signaling holds great therapeutic
potential for ALD.