bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development and validation of a dashboard prototype for real-time suicide mortality data
Authors: Benson R. , Brunsdon C. , Rigby J. , Corcoran P. , Ryan M. , Cassidy E. , Dodd P. , Hennebry D. , Arensman E.
Published: August 2022

Introduction/Aim

Data visualisation is key to informing data-driven decision-making, yet this is an underexplored area of suicide surveillance. By way of enhancing a real-time suicide surveillance system model, an interactive dashboard prototype has been developed to facilitate emerging cluster detection, risk profiling and trend observation, as well as to establish a formal data sharing connection with key stakeholdersviaan intuitive interface.

Materials and Methods

Individual-level demographic and circumstantial data on cases of confirmed suicide and open verdicts meeting the criteria for suicide in County Cork 2008–2017 were analysed to validate the model. The retrospective and prospective space-time scan statistics based on a discrete Poisson model were employedviathe R software environment using the “rsatscan” and “shiny”packages to conduct the space-time cluster analysis and deliver the mapping and graphic components encompassing the dashboard interface.

Results

Using the best-fit parameters, the retrospective scan statistic returned several emerging non-significant clusters detected during the 10-year period, while the prospective approach demonstrated the predictive ability of the model. The outputs of the investigations are visually displayed using a geographical map of the identified clusters and a timeline of cluster occurrence.

Discussion

The challenges of designing and implementing visualizations for suspected suicide data are presented through a discussion of the development of the dashboard prototype and the potential it holds for supporting real-time decision-making.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that integration of a cluster detection approach involving geo-visualisation techniques, space-time scan statistics and predictive modelling would facilitate prospective early detection of emerging clusters, at-risk populations, and locations of concern. The prototype demonstrates real-world applicability as a proactive monitoring tool for timely action in suicide prevention by facilitating informed planning and preparedness to respond to emerging suicide clusters and other concerning trends.
Transitional shale quality and exploration potential: A case study from the Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation in northwest Weining, China
Authors: Zeng Jianli , Zhang Tingshan , Yang Wei , Zhu Haihua , Zhang Zhao , Li Hongjiao , Bai Yuhang , Gao Lubiao
Published: August 2022

The organic-rich shale of the early Carboniferous Jiusi Formation in the Weining area, Southwestern China, has large geological gas reserves, making the Jiusi Formation another target after the Ordovician-Silurian marine shale in South China. The complex superposition of multi-stage tectonic phases since the Himalayan paroxysmal phase has induced a series of controversies in the sedimentology of the Jiui Formation, as only a few drillings were executed. In order to better understand the development potential of the shale associated with the Jiui Formation, five outcrops and a well (YS302) were studied, clarifying the sedimentary evolution of the formation, while two 2D seismic sections were used to analyze the regional structural styles. The result shows that the Jiusi Formation was significantly influenced by the synsedimentary extension of the northwestern margin of the Yadu-Ziyun-Luodian Fault, with the depositional center of the Jiusi Formation extending to well YS302 along a NW direction and asymmetrically thinning in a NE–SW direction. Fifteen lithofacies and three facies associations were identified, from tidal or delta settings to lagoon environments, finally turning into platform facies at the base of the Shangsi Formation. According to the geochemical analysis of 27 core samples and 37 outcrop samples, as well as the well YS302 logging interpretation result. The transitional Jiusi shale in the Weining area has a strong heterogeneity, with high total organic content (TOC) values being mostly provided by the surrounding coal seams. XRD analyses show that the minerals of the transitional shale are dominated by a high clay content (42 wt%). The content of water-sensitive minerals in Jiusi shale is also relatively high, with clay minerals dominated by an illite/smectite mixture (52.8%). When compared with the commercially developed Ordovician-Silurian marine shale, the Jiusi transitional shale shows relatively poor quality, related to dense bioturbation and terrestrial input affecting the preservation of organic matter. Therefore, the evaluation standard for marine shale is difficult to apply to the transitional Jiusi shale. The cumulative thickness of shale in YS302 worthy of shale gas development is nearly 100 m. Meanwhile, considering that the transitional shales are often interlayered with coal, the shale gas and coalbed methane can be developed together.
Reworking of ancient tectonic amalgamation belt beneath the central north of North China Craton revealed by dense seismic observations
Authors: Zhou Qiming , Shen Xuzhang , Huang He , Cheng Siyuan , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2022

The North China Craton (NCC) is one of the oldest cratons in the world, and its internal tectonic belt is often used to investigate the earth’s tectonic evolution events. During the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the western Pacific subduction zone caused the restructuring of NCC by damaging the craton beneath eastern NCC, resulting in the distinct lateral differences between western and eastern NCC, which ultimately formed the current NCC. Furthermore, the subsequent tectonic events activated the ancient tectonic weak zones, and their traces are imprinted in the deep earth. Here, we investigated the crust structures with a high-density seismic array beneath the splice position of the eastern margin of the Khondalite Belt and the northern part of the central orogenic belt in NCC. The array included 140 short-period seismographs spaced at 2–3 km intervals, which recorded teleseismic three-component waveforms over a one-month period. P-wave receiver functions calculated from 25 teleseismic events provided an image of the crustal structure. The weak Moho and Moho offset under the study area are visible in the migration image of receiver functions. The geological investigations and the rock outcrops were combined to establish the strong coupling relationship between the present surface fault-depression system and deep structures. The deep material circulation, which governs the surface extension of the basin-range structure, is controlled by the deep material circulation which is ultimately derived from the continuous subduction of the western Pacific. The study’s findings indicate that the ancient amalgamative belt might have transformed into a weak zone easily susceptible to modification by plate tectonic movements.
A half-bridge distributed static compensator with a DC-link filter capacitor of a reduced size LCL filter
Authors: Meng Xiangjian , Fang Jingyang
Published: August 2022

Distributed static compensators (DSTATCOMs), composed of power converters and passive filters, have been extensively utilized in distribution systems to improve their power quality. For the selection of passive filters, LCL filters with smaller sizes and lower costs are increasingly being adopted to replace the conventional L filters. However, the filter components of LCL filters are normally designed for the application of grid-connected inverters, and therefore, these passive components can be further optimized when applied to the DSTATCOM, where the grid-injected current is mainly capacitive. In this study, the novel LCL-filtered half-bridge DSTATCOM topology is proposed, where the conventional filter capacitor of the LCL filter is replaced by the DC-link capacitors with relatively larger capacitances. As a consequence, the grid-side inductance can be dramatically reduced from the order of millihenry to several microhenries. Furthermore, the current stress of semiconductor switches can be decreased. In addition, the power flow analysis and filter design procedure are presented in this study. It is revealed that a constant DC-link voltage can always be maintained, and the voltage variation across each capacitor can be well regulated with properly designed filters and controllers. Experiments were carried out on a down-scaled laboratory prototype, and simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DSTATCOM topology.
Research progress on the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: Based on immunity, noncoding RNA and exosomes
Authors: Zheng Jingyi , Duan Honghong , You Sufang , Liang Bo , Chen Yuping , Huang Huibin
Published: August 2022

Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is a common potentially vision-threatening organ-specific autoimmune disease and the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It can happen to those who have hyperthyroidism or euthyroidism. At present, the pathogenesis of GO has not been fully elucidated, and the majority of clinical treatments are symptomatic. Therefore, we are eager to discover any new therapeutic strategies that target the etiology of GO. To provide fresh ideas for the creation of new therapeutic techniques, this study primarily discusses the research state and progress of GO-related pathogenesis from the perspectives of GO’s cellular immunity, autoantigens, non-coding RNAs, and exosomes.
Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide COG1410 combats pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Feng-Wan , Wang Wei-Xiao , Zhao Yan-Yan , Sun Su-Yue , Yu Jin-Hong , Vitek Michael P. , Li George F. , Ma Rui , Wang Shiwei , Hu Zhiliang , Chen Wei
Published: August 2022

The emergence of pandrug-resistant bacteria breaks through the last line of defense and raises fear among people of incurable infections. In the post-antibiotic era, the pharmaceutical field turns to seek non-conventional anti-infective agents. Antimicrobial peptides are considered a prospective solution to the crisis of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial efficiency of an ApoE mimetic peptide, COG1410, which has been confirmed to exhibit strong neural protective activity and immunomodulatory function. COG1410 showed potent antimicrobial activity against pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, even eliminating large inocula (108 CFU/ml) within 30 min. LC99.9 in PBS and 50% pooled human plasma was 2 μg/ml (1.4 μM) and 8 μg/ml (5.6 μM), respectively. Moreover, COG1410 exhibited biofilm inhibition and eradication activity, excellent stability in human plasma, and a low propensity to induce resistance. Although COG1410 easily entered bacterial cytoplasm and bound to DNA nonspecifically, the major mechanism of COG1410 killing was to disrupt the integrity of cell membrane and lead to leakage of cytoplasmic contents, without causing obvious pores on the cell surface or cell lysis. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that treatment with COG1410-enriched genes involved a series of oxidation–reduction processes. DCFH-DA probe detected an increased ROS level in the presence of COG1410, indicating ROS was another hit of this AMP. Furthermore, the action of COG1410 did not depend on the electronic interaction with the LPS layer, in contrast to polymyxin B. The strong synergistic interaction between COG1410 and polymyxin B dramatically reduced the working concentration of COG1410, expanding the safety window of the application. C. elegans infection model showed that combined therapy of COG1410 and polymyxin B was capable of significantly rescuing the infected nematodes. Taken together, our study demonstrates that COG1410 is a promising drug candidate in the battle against pandrug-resistant A. baumannii.
Microwave ablation therapy assisted by artificial pneumothorax and artificial hydrothorax for lung cancer adjacent to the vital organs
Authors: Chen Jian , Qi Liqin , Chen Jin , Lin Qingfeng , Yan Yuan , Chen Jie , Lin Zhengyu
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the technical methods and safety of artificial pneumothorax and artificial hydrothorax in the treatment of lung cancer adjacent to vital organs by CT-guided microwave ablation.

Subjects and Methods

Three of the six patients were men and three were women, with a mean age of 66.0 years (range 47–78 years). There patients had primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma, one had lung metastasis from liver cancer, one had lung metastasis from colon cancer, and one had lung metastasis from bladder cancer. There were four patients with a single lesion, one with two lesions, and one with three lesions. The nine lesions had a mean diameter of 1.1 cm (range 0.4–1.9). In three patients, the lung cancer was adjacent to the heart, and in the remaining three, it was close to the superior mediastinum. Six patients were diagnosed with lung cancers or lung metastases and received radical treatment with microwave ablation (MWA) assisted by artificial pneumothorax and artificial hydrothorax in our hospital. Postoperative complications were observed and recorded; follow-up was followed to evaluate the therapeutic effect.

Results

The artificial pneumothorax and artificial hydrothorax were successfully created in all six patients. A suitable path for ablation needle insertion was also successfully established, and microwave ablation therapy was carried out. 2 patients developed pneumothorax after operation; no serious complications such as operation-related death, hemothorax, air embolism and infection occurred.Moreover, 4–6 weeks later, an enhanced CT re-examination revealed no local recurrence or metastasis, and the rate of complete ablation was 100%.

Conclusions

Microwave ablation, assisted by artificial pneumothorax, artificial hydrothorax, is a safe and effective minimally invasive method for treating lung cancer adjacent to the vital organs, and optimizing the path of the ablation needle and broadening the indications of the ablation therapy
Peripheral fractional oxygen extraction measured with near-infrared spectroscopy in neonates—A systematic qualitative review
Authors: Wolfsberger Christina H. , Hoeller Nina , Suppan Ena , Schwaberger Bernhard , Urlesberger Berndt , Nakstad Britt , Pichler Gerhard
Published: August 2022

Background

Peripheral fractional oxygen extraction (pFOE) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with venous occlusion is of increasing interest in term and preterm neonates.

Objective

The aim was to perform a systematic qualitative review of literature on the clinical use of pFOE in term and preterm neonates and on the changes in pFOE values over time.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Medline was performed using following terms: newborn, infant, neonate, preterm, term, near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS, oximetry, spectroscopy, tissue, muscle, peripheral, arm, calf, pFOE, OE, oxygen extraction, fractional oxygen extraction, peripheral perfusion and peripheral oxygenation. Additional articles were identified by manual search of cited references. Only studies in human neonates were included.

Results

Nineteen studies were identified describing pFOE measured with NIRS in combination with venous occlusion. Nine studies described pFOE measured on the forearm and calf at different time points after birth, both in stable preterm and term neonates without medical/respiratory support or any pathological findings. Nine studies described pFOE measured at different time points in sick preterm and term neonates presenting with signs of infection/inflammation, anemia, arterial hypotension, patent ductus arteriosus, asphyxia or prenatal tobacco exposure. One study described pFOE both, in neonates with and without pathological findings.

Conclusion

This systematic review demonstrates that pFOE may provide additional insight into peripheral perfusion and oxygenation, as well as into disturbances of microcirculation caused by centralization in preterm and term neonates with different pathological findings.

Systematic review registration

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021249235].
Traditional Chinese medicine: An important source for discovering candidate agents against hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Li Wen-Qing , Liu Wen-Hao , Qian Die , Liu Jia , Zhou Shi-Qiong , Zhang Lei , Peng Wei , Su Li , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2022

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) refers to the pathophysiological process of connective tissue dysplasia in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors. Nowadays, HF is becoming a severe threat to the health of human being. However, the drugs available for treating HF are limited. Currently, increasing natural agents derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been found to be beneficial for HF. A systemic literature search was conducted from PubMed, GeenMedical, Sci-Hub, CNKI, Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, with the keywords of “traditional Chinese medicine,” “herbal medicine,” “natural agents,” “liver diseases,” and “hepatic fibrosis.” So far, more than 76 natural monomers have been isolated and identified from the TCMs with inhibitory effect on HF, including alkaloids, flavones, quinones, terpenoids, saponins, phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides, etc. The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of these compounds include hepatoprotection, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation, regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis & secretion, regulation of autophagy, and antioxidant & anti-inflammation, etc. Natural compounds and extracts from TCMs are promising agents for the prevention and treatment of HF, and this review would be of great significance to development of novel drugs for treating HF.
Xin-Ji-Er-Kang protects heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury by rebalancing lipid metabolism
Authors: Sun Li-Jun , Wang Xiao-Yu , Xia Jie , Xu Yan-Mei , Liao Yu-Feng , Qin Yuan-Yuan , Ge Xue-Wan , Zhao Pei-Wen , Xu Tong , Zhu Xiao-Ling , Gao Shan , Xiao Rui , Liu Xue-Sheng , Zhou Kai
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose: We have previously reported a cardioprotective effect with Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) treatment in mice with myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure, but no report about its potential functions in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury. Here we studied the therapeutic effects of XJEK on MIR injury and investigated the mechanisms involved.

Experimental Approach: MIR model of Balb/c mice induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for half an hour, followed by reperfusion, was utilized to study the potential therapeutic effects of XJEK on MIR-induced cardiac injury. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem Orbitrap mass spectrometry platform was used for studying serum lipid metabolic signatures.

Key Results: MIR caused cardiac dysfunctions, cardiac injury, myocardial fibrosis, and increased inflammation, and all the observed abnormalities caused by MIR were largely corrected by XJEK treatment. Mechanistically, XJEK exerts its cardioprotective effect in the context of MIR injury by suppressing MIR-induced inflammation and dysregulation of serum lipid metabolism.

Conclusion and Implications: We have demonstrated for the first time that XJEK protects heart from MIR injury by restoring dysregulated lipidomics. Our data provide new evidence to support a therapeutic effect for XIEK on MIR-induced cardiac injury, and pave the way for exploring the therapeutic potential of XJEK in large animal study and early clinical trial.
Mitophagy: A potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance
Authors: Ning Peng , Jiang Xiaobo , Yang Jing , Zhang Jiaxing , Yang Fan , Cao Hongyi
Published: August 2022

Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders caused by insulin resistance (IR) can lead to metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Early and targeted intervention of IR is beneficial for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. Although significant progress has been made in the development of IR drug therapies, the state of the condition has not improved significantly. There is a critical need to identify novel therapeutic targets. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy quality control system that is activated to clear damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitophagy is highly regulated by various signaling pathways, such as the AMPK/mTOR pathway which is involved in the initiation of mitophagy, and the PINK1/Parkin, BNIP3/Nix, and FUNDC1 pathways, which are involved in mitophagosome formation. Mitophagy is involved in numerous human diseases such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and aging. However, recently, there has been an increasing interest in the role of mitophagy in metabolic disorders. There is emerging evidence that normal mitophagy can improve IR. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated the relationship between mitophagy and IR. Therefore, we set out to review the role of mitophagy in IR and explore whether mitophagy may be a potential new target for IR therapy. We hope that this effort serves to stimulate further research in this area.
Understanding the Airbnb user continuation intention: The moderating role of perceived risk
Authors: Zubair Ahsan , Baharun Rohaizat , Kiran Faiqa , Abro Muhammad Azeem
Published: August 2022

This study evaluates the relationship between diversified relationships established under the umbrella of the Stimuli-Organism-Response (SOR) framework to study the consumer continuation intention of the Airbnb platform from a Malaysian perspective. A web-based survey was conducted among Malaysian Airbnb consumers, and a sample of 303 respondents was obtained. SmartPLS has been used for data analysis. The statistical output of the respondent’s data indicates that social overload and information overload influence consumer continuation intention. Moreover, the satisfaction and trust in the platform partially mediate the relationship between the stimuli and behavioral response. Further, perceived health risk strengthens the negative relationship between continuation and trust in the platform. The theoretical implications include enacting a SOR framework to understand the consumer’s internal state of mind and ability to influence the consumer platform continuation intention. The practical implications suggest that the managers and business owners focus on limiting the social exposure at the host destination and the flow of information from the application.
Cognitive deficits for facial emotions among male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder
Authors: Kou Hui , Luo Wei , Li Xue , Yang Ye , Xiong Min , Shao Boyao , Xie Qinhong , Bi Taiyong
Published: August 2022

According to the social-cognitive theory and the social-information-processing theory, individuals with conduct disorder, a persistent and repetitive pattern of problematic behavior, might have cognitive biases toward hostile facial expressions. However, according to the optimal stimulation/arousal theory, the stimulation-seeking theory and the fearlessness theory, individuals with conduct disorder might have less fear and show less response to hostile or threatening facial expressions. To reconcile the discrepancy, we examined the cognitive biases including attentional processing and working memory processing to emotional faces among adolescents with conduct disorder. 35 male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder and 35 age-matched delinquents without conduct disorder completed a visual search task and a delayed-match-to-sample task to examine their attentional processing and working memory processing for sad, angry, happy, and fearful faces, respectively. It was found that conduct disordered individuals searched angry and fearful faces, rather than sad and happy faces, more slowly than individuals without conduct disorder. However, no difference in mnemonic processing for facial emotions was found between groups. The results indicated that male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder showed deficits in attentional orientation to hostile and threatening faces, supporting the optimal stimulation/arousal theory, the stimulation-seeking theory and the fearlessness theory, but not the social-cognitive theory.
Agricultural water security from the perspective of critical theory paradigm
Authors: Aligholi Forough , Hayati Dariush
Published: August 2022

Ensuring the security of freshwater resources is one of the most important drivers of the quality of social and environmental systems. In recent years, the security of water resources has faced various challenges. In other words, the water resources have become more vulnerable to threats and there is more concern about the sustainable development of socio-environmental systems. The significance of water security and associated concerns have led many researchers to conceptualize the water security and design indices to measure it. The worrying situation of the water security suggests that traditional philosophical paradigms, because of the way they look at man and nature, cannot be successful in solving the problems of agricultural water insecurity. In this regard, it is necessary to look for a new paradigmatic perspective to solve this crisis. In this paper, which was written using a review and analytical study, an attempt was made to examine and compare the concept of water security from the perspectives of positivism, constructivism, and critical theory. In addition, indicators of the critical theory paradigm were introduced and their ability to help conceptualize agricultural water security was explored from a critical theory perspective. The indicators of the critical theory paradigm include: inclusion, communication, cosmopolitanism and change. Also, the concept of agricultural water security from the perspective of critical theory is the emancipation of vulnerable farmers from various communicational, political, social, sexual, economic, and natural barriers. In this process, they will be able to freely participate in water decision-makings and be able to change the existing conditions to the desired conditions. Overall, the results showed that the critical theory paradigm, because of its point of view to the man and nature, as well as its goals of emancipation and change, could be a solution to the complex problems of agricultural water security.
A 36 cm robotic optical telescope: Equipment and software
Authors: Sun Jian , Cheng Hao-Wen , Jiang Hai , Liu Jing , Zhao Yuan-Yuan
Published: August 2022

The paper describes an optical telescope system and control software for robotic observation of space debris. The telescope has a main aperture of 355 mm, adopts the optical design scheme of primary focus with a large field of view, and is equipped with a highly sensitive 4 K sCMOS camera to achieve a large field of view of 2.6° × 2.6°. The telescope is equipped with an environmental monitoring system and a highly reliable dome to ensure the safe operation of the telescope. The control software of the telescope consists of two parts. One part is deployed locally to comprehensively schedule the robotic operation of various equipment of the telescope system, and the other part is deployed remotely to realize the functions of equipment status monitoring, networking scheduling, remote control, and data management. At present, four telescopes have been deployed in Korla, Xinjiang, China to form a telescope array, basically realizing the remote “unattended” observation of space debris.
A systematic review of the impact of housing on sow welfare during post-weaning and early pregnancy periods
Authors: Chou Jen-Yun , Parsons Thomas D.
Published: August 2022

Breeder animals are an important focus in farm animal welfare assessments as they typically live the longest lives and are at the greatest risk for suffering due to their longevity. For breeding pigs, the time between the end of lactation (post-weaning) and the implantation of embryos (early gestation) is very dynamic from both a physiological and husbandry perspective. However, research to date is limited on how best to house and manage sows during this critical period of their production cycle from a welfare perspective. Previous animal-based welfare outcome measures were restricted to certain health, behavioral and physiological indicators. This systematic review used Web of Science to make in-depth comparisons among welfare-based studies that focus on sow housing during the post-weaning and early pregnancy period to identify important knowledge gaps. Only a small number of studies (n = 27) were found that met our systematic search criteria. Compared to stalls, group housing requires mixing of animals and always triggers more aggression and skin lesions at the time of mixing. The predominant use of health and physiological indicators constrained the animal-based welfare outcomes in these studies. Thus, what type of housing yields the best overall welfare outcome remains to be elucidated as none of the studies found explored the mental wellbeing of sows during this period. This systematic review defines a critical knowledge gap regarding the full impact of housing on the welfare of post-weaning and early gestation sows. This gap, and thus the true welfare impact of sow housing, will only be addressed by the use of novel, more holistic assessment methods that also capture the psychological state of the sow.
Reappraisal of The Optical Textures of Columnar Phases in Terms of Developable Domain Structures with Relaxed Constraints and a Rationale for The Striated Texture
Authors: Lydon John E.
Published: August 2022

Optical textures pictured in the seminal 1974 textbook, The Microscopy of Liquid Crystals, by Norman Hartshorne, have been reappraised. Some of these, which were described by Hartshorne (and many others) as confused focal conics, were of chromonic and discotic phases, which had not been identified at that time—and would now be recognized as developable domain structures of columnar phases. It is suggested that the rigorous constraint of isometry in these is relaxed in regions of the director field under high stress. A rationale for the characteristic striated appearance of columnar textures is proposed, in which the molecular columns are bundled together, forming twisted ropes within the domains. It is also suggested that the regular alternation of opposing domains in M ribbons minimizes the slippage of columns required as the mesophase develops, and an explanation of the characteristic multi-pole appearance of the brushes in the optical textures of columnar structures is proposed.
Conceptual Assessment of the Possibility of Using Cryogenic Fuel on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Kretov Anatolii , Glukhov Vyacheslav , Tikhonov Alexey
Published: August 2022

The study is devoted to the creation of modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the most efficient from economic and environmental points of view. In connection with the vital need to switch to environmentally friendly vehicles, this research analyzes the possibility of using a cryogenic fuel (CF) for UAVs with piston or gas turbine engines. The numerical studies’ analyses of the takeoff weight of the currently widely used UAV MQ-9 Reaper show the practical impossibility of using liquefied hydrogen and the low efficiency of using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel for similar UAV with takeoff weight up to 5 tons.
Genetic Variants Associated with Elevated Plasma Ceramides in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Lee Sanghoo , Kim Seol-A , Kim Yejin , Kim Juhoon , Hong Gayeon , Hong Jeonghoon , Choi Kyeonghwan , Eom Chun-Sick , Baik Saeyun , Lee Mi-Kyeong , Lee Kyoung-Ryul
Published: August 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition of metabolic disorders and shows a steady onset globally. Ceramides are known as intracellular signaling molecules that influence key metabolism through various pathways such as MetS and insulin resistance. Therefore, it is important to identify novel genetic factors related to increased plasma ceramides in subjects with MetS. Here we first measured plasma ceramides levels in 37 subjects with MetS and in 38 healthy subjects by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Specifically, levels of C16 ceramide (Cer-16), C18 ceramide (Cer-18), C20 ceramide (Cer-20), C18 dihydroceramide (DhCer-18), C24 dihydroceramide (DhCer-24), and C24:1 dihydroceramide (DhCer-24:1) were significantly increased in MetS group (p < 5.0 × 10−2). We then performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping to identify variants associated with elevated plasma ceramides in MetS group using Axiom® Korea Biobank Array v1.1 chip. We also performed linear regression analysis on genetic variants involved in ceramide synthesis and significantly elevated plasma ceramides and dihydroceramides. Ten variants (rs75397325, rs4246316, rs80165332, rs62106618, rs12358192, rs11006229, rs10826014, rs149162405, rs6109681, and rs3906631) across six genes (ACER1, CERS3, CERS6, SGMS1, SPTLC2, and SPTLC3) functionally involved in ceramide biosynthesis showed significant associations with the elevated levels of at least one of the ceramide species in MetS group at a statistically significant threshold of false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p < 5.0 × 10−2. Our findings suggest that the variants may be genetic determinants associated with increased plasma ceramides in individuals with MetS.
Activity of carbapenem antibacterial drugs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nosocomial infections
Authors:   FSBEI HE Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Kuzmenkov A.Yu. , Vinogradova A.G. ,   FSBEI HE Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk
Published: August 2022

Currently, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading causative agent of nosocomial infections in Russia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by a high level of resistance to antibacterial drugs that are used to treat infections in the hospital. To date, the issue of the greatest clinical significance is the growth of resistance of nosocomial isolates to antipseudomonal penicillins and carbapenems, which requires monitoring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents in this pathogen to optimize the starting regimens of antibiotic therapy. Purpose of the study. To assess the pharmacodynamic parameters of carbapenem antibacterial drugs for nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Russian Federation.
Mechanism of action of gastroprotective agent rebamipide
Authors:   Department of Gastroenterology, FSBI CPE Central State Medical Academy of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Frolova A.A. , Shindina T.S. ,   FSBI Polyclinic No. 5 of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Maslovsky L.V. ,   Department of Gastroenterology, FSBI CPE Central State Medical Academy of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Maksimov M.L. ,   FSBEI CPE RMACPE of the Ministry of Health of Russia, FSAEI HE Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Aleksandrova E.B. ,   FSBI Polyclinic No. 5 of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Kropova O.E. ,   FSBI Polyclinic No. 5 of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: August 2022

Among the diseases of the digestive system, a significant place is occupied by acid-dependent diseases caused by excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. Due to their high prevalence and risk of complications, these pathologies represent a serious medical and social problem. Gastroprotective agents have a protective effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. This group of medicines includes a range of drugs that differ in principle and mechanism of action, such as misoprostol, bismuth salts, as well as some herbal preparations, etc.
Preliminary screening of potential analgesics among cyanothioacetamide derivatives
Authors:   Lugansk State Medical University named after St. Luke, Lugansk, Bibik E.Yu. , Oleinik I.S. ,   Lugansk State Medical University named after St. Luke, Lugansk, Saul A.S. ,   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk, Krivokolysko B.S. ,   Lugansk State Medical University named after St. Luke, Lugansk, Frolov K.A. ,   Lugansk State Medical University named after St. Luke, Lugansk, Dotsenko V.V. ,   Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia, Krivokolysko S.G. ,   Lugansk State Medical University named after St. Luke, Lugansk
Published: August 2022

The aim of the research: to study the ability of cyanothioacetamide derivatives synthesized by us on the basis of the research laboratory “Khimeks”, Lugansk State University named after Volodymyr Dahl [1], which have low acute oral toxicity in experiments in vivo [2], to bind to potential biological targets.
Personalized approach to the treatment of patients with high risk hypertension
Authors:   VSMU named after N. N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Babkin A. P. , Gladkikh V. V. ,   VSMU named after N. N. Burdenko, Voronezh
Published: August 2022

The attributive contribution of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (AH) to the development of cardiovascular complications (myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, etc.) is up to 40 %. One of the factors affecting the clinical efficacy of antihypertensive therapy is the salt-dependent nature of blood pressure. It has recently been shown that a variant of the GNAI2 gene increases the risk of developing a salt-dependent pattern of increased blood pressure by 3 times (Xiaoling Zhang, 2018). The authors aim to study the features of the daily dynamics of blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension who have had myocardial infarction with different blood pressure salt sensitivity to individualize the choice of drug therapy.
Lean and IT-technologies in the work of a procedural nurse
Authors:   SBHI NR «Clinical Diagnostic Center», Nizhny Novgorod, Russia., Pyreva E. V.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study is to study the process of blood sampling in the treatment room of the Clinical Diagnostic Center, to identify problem areas and develop measures to optimize work. Results. An audit of the current state of the process was carried out, a survey of patients in the blood sampling room on their satisfaction with the conditions and quality of the provision of medical services, priority areas of work were identified, in which measures were developed using lean and IT technologies, which are currently partially implemented in the process of providing medical care, assessed their effectiveness. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the implementation of the developed measures increases the throughput of the treatment room, and reduces the impact of the human factor at the preanalytical stage.
Features of nursing care in critical conditions in obstetrics
Authors:   Samara budgetary healthcare institution «Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after I. I. V. D. Seredavina, Samara, Russia, Makasheva А. N. , Kashkareva S. M. ,   Samara budgetary healthcare institution «Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after I. I. V. D. Seredavina, Samara, Russia, Shalashova N. Yu. ,   Samara budgetary healthcare institution «Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after I. I. V. D. Seredavina, Samara, Russia
Published: August 2022

The article highlights modern blood-saving technologies for intra-abdominal bleeding in obstetric practice. The experience of team work of a multidisciplinary level III A hospital serving high-risk patients is presented. The Samara Perinatal Center is equipped with hightech equipment that allows you to perform autohemotransfusion, plasma exchange, control hemostasis, use, among other things, a thromboelastograph, use various components and blood products. Knowledge of the basic principles of operation of modern equipment, mastery of protocols, coherence of teamwork is the key to success in the fight for the life and health of the patient.
Regulação negativa de Calbindina-D28k durante o envelhecimento neural animal
Authors: Silva Jean Carlos Souza , Fernandes Antônio William do Nascimento , Nunes Maria Jussara Medeiros , Morais Paulo Leonardo Araújo de Góis , Fonseca Ivana Alice Teixeira , Engelberth Rovena Clara Galvão Januário , Lopes de Paiva Cavalcanti José Rodolfo , Pessoa de Araújo Dayane
Published: August 2022

Introdução. A regulação nos níveis de cálcio (Ca2+) em neurônios é fundamental para a sinalização celular, transmissão sináptica e homeostase neuronal. A calbindina-D28k (CB) é uma proteína de ligação ao cálcio composta por seis domínios EF-hands, quatro das quais podem se ligar ao Ca2+ com alta afinidade molecular e regular os seus níveis intracelulares.  O estudo é centrado em investigar o padrão de expressão de CB como um fator de neuroproteção durante o envelhecimento animal. Objetivo. Construir uma análise crítica de resultados de diferentes estudos originais com o objetivo de responder à pergunta: os níveis de Calbindina-D28k podem sofrer modificações durante a senescência animal? Além de uma discussão aprofundada sobre a temática atual. Método. A estratégia de busca dos dados utilizados contou com estudos obtidos por meio das bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Science Direct e Web of science. 57 artigos foram analisados. Resultados. As bases de dados apontaram para poucos estudos envolvendo a quantificação da proteína em neurônios humanos e estudos pós-morte, mas com base robusta em experimentos animais e in vitro. Os achados mostram que animais idosos têm expressão reduzida de CB. Os níveis CB relacionam-se com a neuroproteção em modelos animais. Conclusão. Diante dos achados, os dados sugerem que a regulação negativa de CB pode estar relacionada ao envelhecimento. As informações levantadas aqui podem ser utilizadas em estudos futuros sobre a patogênese de doenças que envolvam a neurodegeneração e expressão de proteínas ligantes de cálcio, mais especificamente a Calbindina-D28k.
Guerres mondiales, guerres coloniales : des archives pour quoi faire ?
Authors: Lechevallier Eric
Published: August 2022

Si les années 1990 ont vu dans d’anciennes dictatures l’émergence des archives comme outils des processus de justice transitionnelle, l’accès donné en France aux archives des conflits contemporains est longtemps demeuré difficile. Le «retour du refoulé » autour du régime de Vichy, dans les années 1970, a enclenché un mouvement d’ouverture qui n’a trouvé son aboutissement qu’en 2015. La demande du corps social, tant de la part des historiens que de celle des victimes, apparaît comme le principal moteur de l’ouverture de ces archives. Celles de la guerre d’Algérie posent des questions similaires, auxquelles les réponses sont encore incomplètes.
Retracer le passé de victimes : la gestion de l’impact émotionnel sur les archivistes
Authors: Dunant Gonzenbach Anouk , Fluckiger Pierre
Published: August 2022

Jusqu’au début des années 1980 en Suisse, des mesures de coercition à des fins d’assistance et de placements extra-familiaux ont été prises à l’encontre d’enfants et de jeunes. Ces enfants ont été très souvent maltraités dans les institutions ou familles d’accueil auxquelles ils avaient été confiés. Depuis quelques années, nous avons assisté à une prise de conscience de l’opinion publique, qui a amené le Parlement à adopter en 2017 une loi prévoyant que les victimes de ces placements puissent bénéficier d’une contribution de solidarité. Cette loi donne pour mission aux archives publiques de reconstituer les parcours individuels de ces personnes afin de fournir les preuves des placements. Les archivistes se retrouvent ainsi en contact avec des personnes qui cherchent à combler les trous dans leur passé et effectuent les recherches permettant d’étayer leur demande d’indemnités. Ils sont ainsi confrontés très régulièrement à des situations émotionnelles particulièrement difficiles, qui peuvent, parce qu’elles sont très fréquentes, déclencher des symptômes post-traumatiques. Le métier d’archiviste ne forme pas à la gestion de ces situations particulières. Ce retour d’expérience montre comment développer des compétences qui aident à préserver la santé à court et moyen termes des archivistes confrontés à ces situations et comment à l’avenir notre profession peut et doit s’y préparer.
Transparence et protection : les archives Agence du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
Authors: Khan Mohammad Fania
Published: August 2022

Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) conserve des archives depuis sa création en 1863. Ces archives, inaliénables et pérennes, constituent la mémoire des activités du CICR, de même que celle des victimes de conflits armés et autres situations de violence, auxquelles le CICR est venu en aide. En 1996, considérant l’intérêt exceptionnel qu’elles représentent et dans un but de transparence, le CICR a décidé d’ouvrir une partie de ses archives à la consultation publique. Cette décision a été le fait d’une démarche interne qui a eu le temps de mûrir au cours des années et a trouvé écho à l’époque. Après avoir présenté l’historique de cette démarche d’ouverture liée aux caractéristiques juridiques et génétiques de l’institution, nous étudierons le cas spécifique des archives de l’agence, qui contiennent principalement des données individuelles. Nous verrons que la volonté institutionnelle de transparence, peut se heurter en pratique à des questions légales, technologique ou encore financières. Entre les attentes du public et les limites liées au droit, au financement et aux ressources humaines, dans quelles circonstances l’archiviste accomplit-elle sa mission ?
Le dossier du patient : un outil pour la recherche de la vérité ?
Authors: Kervegant Marie-Laure , Leroy-Frangeul Aurélie
Published: August 2022

Il s’agit de s’interroger sur la communication du dossier patient dans les établissements publics de santé et sur ses usages dans la recherche de la vérité. Après un rappel sur la notion de dossier patient, puis des évolutions de sa communication, différents cas de consultation du dossier patient et des personnes habilitées seront abordées. Qu’ils soient patients, ayants droit ou tiers, ils sont tous à la recherche d’une vérité, généralement pour l’application d’un droit : l’expert contrôlant l’exactitude de dires, l’assureur vérifiant s’il prend le risque d’assurer le patient ou s’il lui verse une indemnisation, une personne à la recherche de ses origines, la justice qui par sa consultation confrontera les dires du «mis en cause » ou établira les dommages subis par la victime, etc. À l’aide d’exemples croisés entre un centre hospitalier et centre hospitalier universitaire et de leurs retours d’expériences, il est présenté un éventail d’usages dont la finalité est d’établir la ou une vérité et qui n’ont, au final, que peu de rapport avec le but premier de la création et la tenue d’un dossier patient.
De Constance à ADAMANT, les archives au coeur de la transition numérique
Authors: Perez-Bastié Isabelle , Sin Blima-Barru Martine , Van de Walle Thomas
Published: August 2022

Les Archives nationales traitent des archives nativement électroniques depuis les années 1980, grâce aux méthodologies mises en place dans le cadre du service Constance. Lancé en 2015, le projet ADAMANT a pour objectif de doter les Archives nationales des moyens nécessaires pour collecter, conserver et donner accès aux archives nativement numériques. Au-delà des enjeux techniques, ce projet est mené dans une démarche de transformation des Archives nationales, pour leur permettre de mieux gérer les archives numériques, mais aussi pour adapter leur organisation et leur logique de travail à l’ère du numérique. Cette démarche passe par la mise en oeuvre de nombreux dispositifs associant les archivistes des Archives nationales et des Archives de France, qui évoluent en fonction de l’avancement du projet ADAMANT, mais qui placent toujours les archives au centre des réflexions et des actions menées.