bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBTENCIÓN Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE QUERCETINA EN LA CEBOLLA ROJA BOLIVIANA, UN ANTIOXIDANTE NATURAL
Authors: Saucedo Camacho Fabiola Marisol
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo científico describe el proceso que conlleva la obtención y cuantificación de la quercetina como compuesto bioactivo presente en la variedad Allium cepa (cebolla roja) producida en Bolivia. Para su estudio se realizó un diseño experimental 2k para el proceso de extracción de flavonoides en el que se evaluó el rendimiento de extracción y la cantidad presente de quercetina en la cebolla roja. La quercetina, es un flavonoide antioxidante natural, que ha captado un interés significativo debido a sus múltiples beneficios para la salud. La cebolla roja (Allium cepa), en particular la variedad boliviana, es una de las fuentes más ricas de quercetina, lo que la convierte en una materia prima de gran valor para la extracción de este compuesto bioactivo, además destaca como una fuente accesible y eficiente, gracias a las condiciones agrícolas favorables en Bolivia que permiten obtener altos niveles de este flavonoide. Para el proceso de obtención del concentrado de quercetina la cebolla roja paso por los procesos de lavado, pelado, triturado y mezclado con etanol para realizar la extracción sólido líquido, posteriormente mediante las operaciones de filtrado y eliminación de solvente se obtiene un extracto inicial de flavonoides el cual debe ser purificado para la obtención del extracto final. La cuantificación se la realizo por espectrofotometría UV-vis a 360 nm utilizando un patrón de quercetina, en la cual se determinó una concentración de quercetina > 19,93 mg por cada 100 g de cebolla
Hubungan Status Gizi Dan Hipertensi Terhadap Kejadian Preeklamsia Di Puskesmas Sudiang Raya Makassar
Authors: Azzarkasih Aqila , Darmiati
Published: February 2025

Preeklampsia merupakan masalah yang menghambat dalam kehamilan, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan preeklampsia termasuk paritas, usia, riwayat medis, hipertensi dan status gizi. Preeklampsia termasuk penyulit kehamilan yang dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan AKI dan AKB. Kehamilan terkait tekanan darah tinggi berada posisi ke-2 tertinggi sebagai masalah dalam kehamilan dan dapat menyebabkan masalah serius pada 5–10% dari seluruh wanita hamil Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Kesehatan RI Pada tahun 2023, angka kematian ibu (AKI) di Indonesia mencapai 4.129 salah satu disebabkan oleh preeklamsia (34%). Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dan hipertensi terhadap kejadian preeklamsia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sudiang Raya Kota Makassar. Metode: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu total sampling dengan jumlah populasi 40. Menggunakan Uji statistik uji chis-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% Hasil penelitian: menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan status gizi dengan kejadian preeklamsia dengan nilai p (0,057). Ada hubungan hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklamsia dengan nilai p (0,024). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan status gizi dan hipertensi terhadap kejadian preeklamsia pada ibu hamil Di Puskesmas Sudiang Raya Kota Makassar.
Pengaruh Video Edukasi Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Pattingalloang Tahun 2024
Authors: Ariani Sri Mega , Aspar Hukmiyah
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Tanda bahaya kehamilan merupak an indikasi yang menunjukkan potensi bahaya selama kehamilan atau sebelum persalinan, yang dapat mengakibatkan kematian ibu. Untuk mengurangi risiko komplikasi, penting untuk melakukan deteksi dini terhadap tanda-tanda bahaya selama kehamilan, salah satu caranya yaitu dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai tanda bahaya kehamilan. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh video edukasi tanda bahaya kehamilan terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan pre eksperimental dengan desain penelitian one group pre-test post-test design dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 54 responden. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh video edukasi tanda bahaya kehamilan terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan nilai p-value (Asymp sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000 < α (0,05). Dari 54 responden nilai minimum variabel pengetahuan sebelum diberikan intervensi yaitu 10 dan nilai maksimum yaitu 100. Kemudian pengetahuan setelah diberikan intervensi dengan nilai minimum yaitu 60 dan nilai maximum yaitu 100. Kesimpulan: Edukasi menggunakan media video edukasi efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan. Oleh karena itu metode ini dapat dialakukan sebagai salah satu cara deteksi dini terhadap tanda bahaya kehamilan pada ibu hamil.
NGHIÊN CỨU THIẾT KẾ CHẾ TẠO THIẾT BỊ IoT CẢNH BÁO TAI NẠN VÀ QUẢN LÝ HÀNH TRÌNH XE Ô TÔ
Authors: Phạm Đức Long , Nguyễn Thạc Dũng , Nguyễn Đức Tuấn
Published: February 2025

Vietnam is one of the countries with a high rate of traffic accidents in
the world. When traffic accident occurs, some safety systems on thecar will be
activated to help people in the car to avoid injuries. Currently, each type of
cars has different ways of identifying danger levels; however, cars are not
equipped with a system of accident warning and automatic notification to family
when the car has an accident. In this paper, we propose an IoT warning device
that helps drivers know that their car is about to have an accident and
notifies family about accident of family members at any location for timely
rescue. In addition, the device is designed to manage and monitor thecar at
anytime, anywhere if necessary and recognize the situation of the car being stolen.
Hence, the product can be applied to help drivers recognize the operation
status of the car and manage the car at anytime, anywhere if necessary

Agile best practices, thought leadership collective impact impact
investing to families. And equal opportunity vibrant, the, storytelling
synergy metadata matters B-corp unprecedented challenge. Venture
philanthropy cultivate impact, state of play; white paper collaborative
consumption entrepreneur collaborative cities inclusive. Parse empower
communities movements targeted; radical; social enterprise issue outcomes
big data venture philanthropy.
Information Literacy Self-efficacy, Foreign Language Enjoyment and Online Self-regulation of Chinese College EFL Learners
Authors: Yayun Xi
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify EFL learners’ preferences and strategies for online and blended learning, particularly focusing on their information literacy self-efficacy, foreign language enjoyment, and online self-regulation. It also sought to deepen the understanding of how these factors interact in the learning process, especially among Chinese college students studying English as a foreign language.
To achieve these objectives, the researcher employed the descriptive research method, involving 425 Chinese university English language learners as respondents. The findings revealed that students displayed moderate confidence in their ability to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively during online learning and frequently employed self-regulated learning strategies. Moreover, teacher and peer support significantly contributed to fostering positive emotions among learners, particularly in online learning environments, which in turn positively impacted their academic performance. Notably, male second-year science majors demonstrated higher levels of information literacy self-efficacy, foreign language enjoyment, and online self-regulation than their counterparts.
Based on these findings, an enhancement plan was proposed to support EFL learners in improving their information literacy, self-efficacy, and foreign language enjoyment, enabling them to become successful self-regulated learners in the context of online and blended learning.
Professionalism, Commitment, and Teaching Performance: Basis For Teaching Development Plan
Authors: Li Renbing
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the interconnections between teachers' professionalism, commitment, and teaching performance, with a particular focus on how these elements were influenced by demographic factors such as age, sex, length of service, and educational attainment. It specifically assessed aspects of professionalism such as pedagogical knowledge, lifelong learning, ethical practices, and collaboration; measured commitment to the teaching profession, work team, and school; and evaluated performance in goal-setting, strategies, methods, and feedback. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study analyzed significant differences and relationships among these variables, based on a sample of 405 randomly selected teachers from a population of 1580. The teachers completed questionnaires to provide insights into the implementation and effects of smart classrooms. Overall, teachers' professionalism was rated as agree, with their commitment to teaching and performance receiving the same rating. No significant differences were found in teachers' professionalism when grouped by age, sex, length of service, or highest educational attainment, as the p-values exceeded the 0.05 threshold. Similarly, there were no significant differences in teachers' commitment to teaching or performance across these demographic categories. However, commitment to the teaching profession and school was significantly related to teachers' collaboration with colleagues. Additionally, teaching goals and planning were significantly related to teachers' pedagogical knowledge, as well as their commitment to the profession and school. Furthermore, teaching strategies, methods, and teaching evaluation and feedback were significantly related to commitment to the school. Consequently, the study proposed a development plan aimed at enhancing colleague collaboration, strengthening ethical practices, and improving teaching goals, strategies, and feedback to address identified areas for improvement.
Academic achievement among students with pre and post-lingual hearing impairment: Capturing perceptions of special education teachers
Authors: Syed Kamran Ali Razi  , Mehsood Aqsa , Nabila Malik
Published: February 2025

Students with pre-lingual hearing impairment often face challenges in academic performance. In the case of pre and post-lingual hearing impairment (HI), there are varied factors that can result in a prominent difference in their academic achievements. For this purpose, a study was conducted to compare the academic achievements of students with pre and post-lingual HI along with factors affecting their academic achievements in the perception of teachers dealing with those students in the same classroom. This research is Qualitative. Data was collected from six special education teachers through an interview-based questionnaire (open-ended), who have taught both students with pre and post-lingual HI in the same classroom. The teachers were selected through purposive sampling from two deaf schools (Hamza & Inayat Foundation) in Lahore. A self-developed open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data. For analyzing the data, content analysis and coding techniques were used. The results demonstrated the teachers’ perception that students with post-lingual HI used to learn more quickly and usually achieve higher grades than their peers with pre-lingual HI. Additionally, the factors affecting the academic achievements in these groups are language acquisition, hearing aid use, residual hearing, parental unawareness/non-cooperative behavior, and improper teaching styles & aids (poor curriculum design).
Survey on Plant Health Monitoring System using AI
Authors: - Pavan , - Shashidhar S P , - Pallavi H S
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of Internet of effects (IoT) technology has opened up innovative avenues for enhancing agrarian practices. In this paper, we propose an IoT- enabled plant monitoring system exercising camera technology to give real time monitoring and analysis of factory health parameters. These cameras capture high resolution images of shops at regular intervals. Image processing algorithms are employed to dissect these images and excerpt applicable information similar as factory growth rate, splint achromatism, pest infestation, and complaint symptoms. likewise, the system integrates with pall-grounded platforms for data storehouse and analysis, allowing growers to pierce plant health criteria ever via web interfaces. Machine literacy ways are abused to continuously ameliorate the delicacy of plant health assessments over time, enabling visionary decision- timber and precise resource allocation. The proposed IoT plant health monitoring system offers several advantages over traditional styles, including reduced labor costs, early discovery of factory stressors, and optimized resource application. also, it facilitates data driven perceptivity that empower growers to make informed opinions to ameliorate crop yield and quality. The system is designed to be user-friendly, allowing individualities to cover their shops ever through a web interface. exercising Internet of effects (IoT) principles. The captured visual data is anatomized to descry anomalies, conditions, or stress factors in advancement of smart husbandry and sustainable plant care practices. preface husbandry's purpose is the parentage and nurturing of shops, creatures, and other organisms, similar as fungi, in order to produce biofuel, food, fiber, medicinal shops, in addition to other goods that profit and support living brutes. The secret to" betterment in husbandry" is veritably pivotal, demand for a developing country.
Trump2.0 :Impact on global politics with major challenges and opportunities in India's foreign policy.
Authors: - Ashok Kumar Pushkar
Published: February 2025

Paper discusses about challenges and opportunities in India's foreign policy in upcoming times.
The Role of Business Mathematics in Decision-Making and Finance
Authors: - Shantikesh Singh , - Pooja Singh , - Deexa Singh
Published: February 2025

Business mathematics serves as a critical tool in modern decision-making processes and financial management. This paper explores the fundamental role of business mathematics in analyzing data, optimizing resources, and making informed decisions in finance and business operations. By leveraging mathematical techniques such as linear programming, probability, statistics, and financial modeling, organizations can enhance their strategic planning, risk management, and profitability. This research highlights the importance of business mathematics in solving real-world problems, improving efficiency, and driving sustainable growth in the corporate world.
The Unseen Risks of Humanizing Technology
Authors: - B Nidhi Rathore
Published: February 2025

AI is no longer just a tool, it’s becoming a part of our daily lives. It shapes how we communicate, work, and even form relationships. As AI gets smarter, human interactions with it are becoming more personal, more complex, and sometimes, disturbingly inappropriate. From AI-driven harassment and sexualization to deep-fake exploitation and emotional manipulation, we’re entering a dangerous territory where AI can be misused in ways we never anticipated. This blog breaks down these risks, using real-world cases like Replika’s chatbot controversy and California’s deepfake legislation, showing why we can’t afford to ignore the dark side of AI interactions. In absence of clear laws, and strict content moderation, AI could become a new tool for exploitation.
The Role of lifelong learning in promoting sustainable development: An Indian perspective in the 21st century
Authors: - Shivam Chaturvedi , - Monika
Published: February 2025

This paper emphasizes the critical role of lifelong learning in promoting sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. Sustainable development, while a central concept in global discourse, is often misunderstood by ordinary citizens and technocrats, underlining the need for educational interventions to demystify the concept. The paper argues that lifelong learning is crucial for fostering awareness of resource depletion and the importance of conserving essential resources for future generations. In many developing nations, a knowledge and skills deficit, compounded by the rapid pace of technological advancement, hinders economic and social progress. The lack of understanding in key areas, including economics, politics, and society, contributes to issues such as resource depletion, poverty, and environmental degradation. The paper asserts that lifelong learning can bridge these gaps, enabling individuals to adapt to the evolving global landscape and to embrace sustainable development practices.
By empowering citizens with the necessary knowledge, attitudes, and skills, lifelong learning can help tackle challenges such as overconsumption and unsustainable resource use. Educating individuals through heutagogical approaches—learner-centred strategies that emphasize self-directed learning—can drive reform and sustainable practices at the grassroots level. The paper also discusses the alignment of lifelong learning with the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which emphasizes the importance of inclusive education in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, SDG 4, which advocates for “inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all,” serves as a key framework for integrating lifelong learning into national development strategies.

Lifelong learning also contributes to the attainment of other SDGs, such as gender equality (SDG 5), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), health and well-being (SDG 3), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and climate change mitigation (SDG 13). As such, lifelong learning is presented not only as a critical tool for individual empowerment but also as a strategic means to achieve sustainable, inclusive, and equitable development in the 21st century.
“The Shakespearean Moment” in American Popular/Political Culture: Editorializing in the Age of Trump
Authors: Baumlin James S.
Published: February 2025

"This present essay meditates on media deployments of the term, “Shakespearean,” offering an analysis of its political implications. As a micro-instance of Shakespearean appropriation, such TV-editorial invocations of the Bard’s name and writings reflect on the ways that some (not all) American television audiences interpret and respond to the present historic moment. It’s the thesis of this essay that the so-called “Shakespearean moment” makes history visible: In times such as these, we come to recognize that “all the world’s a stage” and that we, as audience/witnesses of the contemporary theatrum mundi, are active participants in that political history.
As a corollary to this thesis, the present essay explores the several ironies informing Shakespeare’s tragic archetypes (specifically Hamlet, Lear, and Macbeth); these character-types, in turn, “hold […] the mirror” (Hamlet 3.2.18–19) up to our own political culture and its “players.” Within Shakespearean tragedy, a character’s emotional/moral intelligence—which includes the capacity to distinguish right from wrong (irrespective of one’s choosing right over wrong)—rests in an equal capacity for self-reflection. Within one particular strand of American politics today, this capacity proves lacking. “The Shakespearean moment,” thus, draws politics, social psychology, and stage history into its purview. Perhaps an awareness of the ironies inherent in this moment can give citizens—as audience/witnesses of the theatrum mundi—the means to read, critique, and resist the cultish authoritarianism currently promoted by that singular political strand.
As a coda to this thesis, the present essay notes how different Western epochs—Romantic, “high” modern, and postmodern—identify with specific Shakespearean character-types. These shifting identifications reflect the evolving “category of the person,” as charted by Marcel Mauss. The social psychology of personhood remains “in process” today, and Shakespearean drama seems prescient in anticipating our ways of experiencing and representing the self. So, having lived through the first quarter of the 21st century, we might ask: In which Shakespearean character do we discover our current cultural “mirror”?"
Inteligência Artificial Em Imagens Médicas: Impactos E Desafios
Authors: Jauhar Marcus Henrique Oliveira , Thomes Caroline Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to understand the impacts and challenges of AI in medical imaging. A narrative literature review was carried out with the aim of analyzing the impacts and challenges of AI in medical imaging. The search involved articles published between 2013 and 2024, in Portuguese and English, focusing on the use of AI in medical imaging. The search was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus, using related keywords. AI has had a positive impact on medical imaging, especially in radiology, with deep learning algorithms improving accuracy in diagnosing diseases and injuries. However, its implementation faces challenges, such as the need for large volumes of data for training and the dependence on medical supervision for image interpretation. Integrating AI into clinical workflows requires continuous training and can create a risk of over-dependence. AI in medicine offers significant advances, especially in the diagnosis and analysis of medical images. However, its implementation faces challenges, such as high costs, the need for trained professionals and ethical and legal issues. Despite the obstacles, AI promises to transform medical practice, offering faster and more accurate diagnoses, and requiring more robust regulation for its safe use.
Suicídio e sofrimento humano: a ética do cuidado como prática religiosa
Authors: Saldanha Marcelo Ramos , Barbosa Giorlando Laranjeira
Published: February 2025

Neste ensaio, realiza-se uma investigação teórica sobre a relação entre sofrimento e ideação suicida, com foco no impacto da ausência de sentido existencial como um fator desencadeante dessa patologia. O objeto de estudo é refletir sobre a ideação suicida em pessoas que enfrentam crises de sentido, com uma abordagem específica sobre como as comunidades de fé podem responder a esse sofrimento. O objetivo principal é propor a ética do cuidado, fundamentada no exemplo do bom samaritano, como uma prática religiosa que oferece proximidade e suporte, transformando a relação de afeto e presença em uma ferramenta de cura. O método utilizado parte de uma reflexão crítica e comparativa entre o sofrimento humano e os sofrimentos de Cristo, utilizando fontes teológicas, filosóficas e psicológicas. Através dessa análise, constrói-se uma teologia da presença, que visa entender como o cuidado pastoral pode atuar como uma resposta ao sofrimento profundo, gerando sentido e esperança. Os resultados alcançados indicam que a aplicação prática da ética do cuidado nas comunidades de fé pode promover ações morais concretas, aproximando a Igreja das pessoas que sofrem. Esse cuidado se manifesta no reconhecimento da dignidade do indivíduo e na transformação do sofrimento em esperança, estabelecendo um vínculo mais profundo entre a fé e o alívio das dores existenciais.
Theoretical expression of self-portrait in contemporary Russian art history
Authors: Keiran Vadim  Vyacheslavovich
Published: February 2025

The article considers the meaningful and conceptual boundaries of self-portrait in the modern Russian art history. A study of self-portrait is being carried out both on the example of intellectual positions of thinkers of the last century and of the scientific works of contemporaries. The text of the article reveals the ideological perspective of the semantic meanings of the self-portrait according to the ideological and constructive views of the present era. The object of research is the portrait genre in the fine art. The subject of research is the theoretical definition of self-portrait in the Russian art history. The purpose of this work is to establish the ideological and substantive values of a self-portrait in the modern art science. According to the set goal, the following tasks are solved: - to provide scientific and theoretical views on the artistic image of a self-portrait of modern researchers of the 21st century; - define terminological lexical units in these judgments, which can subsequently take the role of conceptual values. The novelty of the study is determined by the disclosure of the conceptual and theoretical aspects of the artistic form of a self-portrait, which has strong interpretative significance in the field of contemporary art. The author formulates the following conclusion: the ideological and theoretical expression of a self-portrait in the space of modern art history is revealed through interdisciplinary methods of scientific research, which assert their own terminological units in the meaningful disclosure of the artistic image of the portrait genre. Each of the terms established in the article is related to the conceptual representation of the socio-psychological sphere.
Growth and survival of microbes on different material surfaces: Current scenario and future challenges
Authors: Chauhan Divya , Singh Devendra , Pandey Himanshu , Mishra Dwijesh Chandra , Khan Suphiya , Pandey Minakshi , Yadav Neelam , Kaur Narinderpal , Singh Sangram , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , Rustagi Sarvesh , Shreaz Sheikh , Negi Rajeshwari , Yadav Ajar Nath
Published: February 2025

Biofilms can be defined as an organized group of micro-organisms living within a self-produced matrix of polymeric substances that get attached to several surfaces. It becomes apparent that these microbial collectives are present in practically all environments. Planktonic bacteria can exhibit a 10-1,000-fold increase in antibiotic resistance compared to their biofilm-dwelling counterparts. These bacteria' interactions with surfaces have significant effects on a number of different domains, including the creation of biofilms, biofouling, bioenergy, and infections in plants and animals. The microbial interactions have led to differential gene expression that affects cell behavior and morphology that comprise genes responsible for surface attachment and motility. The formation of biofilm structure is controlled by growth conditions, substratum, and cell surface that ideally provides an environment for the exchange of genetic material between the cells. So far, attention has been gathered on phenotypes as the system utilized by microbes for responding to surfaces is not well known. Hence, the mechanism underlying the promotion and inhibition of cell growth on new classes of materials will help in understanding complement studies and the physiology of microbes adhering to the surfaces.
In-situ study of defect evolution and calculation of defect migration energy in FeCoCrNiAl0.3 high-entropy alloy under high-energy electron irradiation
Authors: DIAO Sizhe  , ZHANG Yifan  , ZHAO Fangqian  , Seung Jo Yoo  , Somei Ohnuki  , ZHANG Yong  , WAN Farong  , ZHAN Qian  ,   1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;,   2 State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China;,   3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;,   4 Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea;,   5 State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Published: February 2025

The sluggish diffusion and severe lattice distortion effects in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) theoretically impede the movement of radiation-induced point defects, thereby effectively suppressing the formation of larger defect clusters and ultimately enhancing the radiation resistance of materials. Current research on the radiation resistance of HEAs primarily concentrates on the qualitative analysis of the migration behaviors of radiation-induced defects, while the quantitative research on the energy barriers of the migration behavior of point defects is still limited. As a representative HEA system, FeCoCrNiAl-based alloys exhibit exceptional properties, including enhanced ductility, remarkable shear resistance, high tensile yield strength and excellent oxidation resistance. In this study, we selected the FeCoCrNiAl0.3 alloy as the model material and conducted in-situ observations using a 1.25 MV high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) to systematically investigate the temporal evolution of irradiation-induced defects and precipitates under different temperatures. Based on the statistical data of saturated defect number density and defect growth rates under three irradiation temperatures, two intrinsic parameters of the alloy - the interstitial atom migration energy and vacancy migration energy - were determined respectively, which is 1.09 eV and 1.47 eV, respectively. The higher interstitial atomic migration energy may be related to the incorporation of Al, which has a smaller threshold energy and exhibits a larger atomic radius difference compared to the other elements in the alloy. In addition, the morphology and distribution of dislocation loops formed under 723 K high energy electron irradiation were characterized in detail, revealing the coexistence of perfect dislocation loops and Frank dislocation loops, both of which grow along different crystal planes. No systematic difference is observed between the growth process of the two types of loops.
Effects of B2S3 additive on the [111]-oriented diamond crystal synthesized from high pressure condition
Authors: WANG Shuai  , KANG Ruwei  , LI Yong  , XIAO Hongyu  , WANG Ying  , RAN Maowu  , MA Hongan  ,   1 Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China;,   2 State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, JilinUniversity, Changchun 130012, China
Published: February 2025

Diamond is a kind of ultimate functional material, which is widely used in industry, science and technology, military defense, medical and health, jewelry and other fields. However, its application in the semiconductor field is still limited, because its electrical transport performance has not yet met the requirements of semiconductor devices. In order to improve the electrical transport performance of diamond as much as possible, the synthesis of diamond single crystal was studied with B2S3 additive in the synthesis system by temperature gradient growth (TGG) method at pressure of 6.5 GPa condition in this work. The growth rates of the synthesized diamond crystals reduced from 2.19 mg/h to 1.26 mg/h, indicating that the growth rate of diamond not only depended on the growth driving force, but also affected by the impurity elements in the synthetic cavity. Additionally, the colors of the synthesized diamond crystals transformed from yellow to baby blue, accompanying with the increase in the amount of additives added. Raman measurement results indicated that the obtained diamond appeared as a single sp3 hybrid phase without the sp3 hybrid graphite phase. However, the corresponding Raman characteristic peaks of the as-grown diamond crystals located at about 1331 cm-1 and consistently tended to move towards low wave number. According to FTIR measurement results, the absorption peaks at 1130 cm-1 and 1344 cm-1 attributed to nitrogen defects. It was found that the nitrogen defect concentrations of the synthesized diamond crystals decreased gradually from about 300 ppm to 60 ppm. Furthermore, the electrical transport performance of the synthesized diamond was characterized by Hall effects measurement. Diamond had an insulating behavior due to the absence of any additives in the synthetic cavity. However, the result showed that there was little difference in carrier hall mobility, but there was a difference of two orders of magnitude in carrier concentration, when B2S3 was introduced into the synthetic system as additive. Furthermore, the resistivity of the synthesized [111]-oriented diamond crystal reduced to 45.4 Ω·cm, due to the addition of B2S3 additive in the synthesis system. However, it is worth noting that the resistivity of the diamond crystal synthesized with 0.002 g B2S3 and Ti/Cu additives in the synthesis system drops sharply to 0.43 Ω·cm. Therefore, the nitrogen defects in diamond will have an important effect on its conductivity. It provides an important experimental basis for the application of diamond in semiconductor field.
A Commander-independent function of COMMD3 in endosomal trafficking
Authors: Squiers Galen T , Wan Chun , Gorder James , Puscher Harrison , Shen Jingshi
Published: February 2025

Endosomal recycling is a branch of intracellular membrane trafficking that retrieves endocytosed cargo proteins from early and late endosomes to prevent their degradation in lysosomes. A key player in endosomal recycling is the Commander complex, a 16-subunit protein assembly that cooperates with other endosomal factors to recruit cargo proteins and facilitate the formation of tubulo-vesicular carriers. While the crucial role of Commander in endosomal recycling is well established, its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we genetically dissected the Commander complex using unbiased genetic screens and comparative targeted mutations. Unexpectedly, our findings revealed a Commander-independent function for COMMD3, a subunit of the Commander complex, in endosomal recycling. COMMD3 regulates a subset of cargo proteins independently of the other Commander subunits. The Commander-independent function of COMMD3 is mediated by its N-terminal domain (NTD), which binds and stabilizes ADP- ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), a small GTPase regulating endosomal recycling. Mutations disrupting the COMMD3-ARF1 interaction diminish ARF1 expression and impair COMMD3- dependent cargo recycling. These data provide direct evidence that Commander subunits can function outside the holo-complex and raise the intriguing possibility that components of other membrane trafficking complexes may also possess functions beyond their respective complexes.
Stability vs flexibility: reshaping archaeal membranes in silico
Authors: Amaral Miguel , Frey Felix , Jiang Xiuyun , Baum Buzz , Šarić Anđela
Published: February 2025

Across the tree of life, distinct designs of cellular membranes have evolved. In bacteria and eukaryotes single-headed lipids self-assemble into flexible bilayer membranes. By contrast, archaea often possess double-headed, monolayer spanning bolalipids, mixed with bilayer lipids, enabling them to survive in harsh environments. Here, using a minimal computational model for bolalipid membranes, we discover trade-offs when forming membranes. We find that membranes made out of flexible bolalipids resemble bilayer membranes as bolalipids exhibit conformational switch into U-shaped conformations to enable higher curvatures. Conversely, stiffer bolalipids, resembling those in extremophile archaea, take on straight conformations and form liquid membranes that are stiff, and prone to pore formation during membrane reshaping. Strikingly, we show how to achieve fluid bolalipid membranes that are both stable and flexible – by including small amounts of bilayer lipids, as archaea do. Our study explains how different organisms resolve trade-offs when generating membranes of desired material properties.
The RAB27A effector SYTL5 regulates mitophagy and mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Lapao Ana , Johnson Lauren Sophie , Trachsel-Moncho Laura , Singh Sakshi , Wui Ng Matthew Yoke , Nakken Sigve , Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa , Simonsen Anne
Published: February 2025

SYTL5 is a member of the Synaptotagmin-Like (SYTL) protein family that differs from the Synaptotagmin family by having a unique N-terminal Synaptotagmin homology domain that directly interacts with the small GTPase RAB27A. Several SYTL protein family members have been implicated in plasma membrane transport and exocytosis, but the specific function of SYTL5 remains unknown. We here show that SYTL5 is a RAB27A effector and that both proteins localise to mitochondria and vesicles containing mitochondrial material. Mitochondrial recruitment of SYTL5 depends on its interaction with functional RAB27A. We demonstrate that SYTL5-RAB27A positive vesicles containing mitochondrial material and LAMP1 form during hypoxia and that SYTL5 and RAB27A promote mitophagy under hypoxia mimicking conditions, indicating a role for these proteins in mitophagy. Indeed, we find that SYTL5 interacts with proteins involved in vesicle-mediated transport and cellular response to stress and that its depletion compromises mitochondrial respiration and increases glucose uptake. Intriguingly, SYTL5 expression is significantly reduced in tumours of the adrenal gland, and correlates positively with survival for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.
Loss of ZNRF3/RNF43 Unleashes EGFR in Cancer
Authors: Yue Fei , Ku Amy T , Stevens Payton D , Michalski Megan N , Jiang Weiyu , Tu Jianghua , Shi Zhongcheng , Dou Yongchao , Wang Yi , Feng Xin-Hua , Hostetter Galen , Wu Xiangwei , Huang Shixia , Shroyer Noah F , Zhang Bing , Williams Bart O , Liu Qingyun , Lin Xia , Li Yi
Published: February 2025

ZNRF3 and RNF43 are closely related transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases with significant roles in development and cancer. Conventionally, their biological functions have been associated with regulating WNT signaling receptor ubiquitination and degradation. However, our proteogenomic studies have revealed EGFR as the protein most negatively correlated with
ZNRF3/RNF43
mRNA levels in multiple human cancers. Through biochemical investigations, we demonstrate that ZNRF3/RNF43 interact with EGFR via their extracellular domains, leading to EGFR ubiquitination and subsequent degradation facilitated by the E3 ligase RING domain. Overexpression of
ZNRF3
reduces EGFR levels and suppresses cancer cell growth
in vitro
and
in vivo
, whereas knockout of
ZNRF3
/
RNF43
stimulates cell growth and tumorigenesis through upregulated EGFR signaling. Together, these data highlight ZNRF3 and RNF43 as novel E3 ubiquitin ligases of EGFR and establish the inactivation of ZNRF3/RNF43 as a driver of increased EGFR signaling, ultimately promoting cancer progression. This discovery establishes a connection between two fundamental signaling pathways, EGFR and WNT, at the level of cytoplasmic membrane receptors, uncovering a novel mechanism underlying the frequent co-activation of EGFR and WNT signaling in development and cancer.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits multispecies biofilm formation and cariogenicity
Authors: Kokilakanit Paopanga , Dungkhuntod Nonthakorn , Serikul Nitchadakorn , Koontongkaew Sittichai , Utispan Kusumawadee
Published: February 2025

Background

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural phenolic compound, has demonstrated antibacterial effects. Dental caries etiology is multifactorial, including a cariogenic biofilm containing multispecies bacteria. However, the antibacterial property of CAPE on multispecies biofilm is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CAPE on the formation and cariogenicity in biofilm containing Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus mitis.

Methods

S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. oralis (ATCC 35037), and S. mitis (ATCC 49456T) were employed in this investigation. Each bacterial strain was cultured in the presence of CAPE, followed by susceptibility assessment through optical density measurements at a 600 nm wavelength. Multispecies biofilm formation was achieved by co-culturing S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. mitis at a 1:1:1 ratio on hydroxyapatite-coated 96-well plates. The anti-adherence activity of CAPE on multispecies biofilm was evaluated using a crystal violet staining assay. Cariogenic gene expression level and glucosyltransferase (GTF) function in CAPE-treated mixed bacteria were evaluated using real-time PCR and enzyme activity assay, respectively. The thickness and bacterial viability in CAPE-treated multispecies biofilm were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results

CAPE demonstrated a significant antimicrobial effect on S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. mitis (p < 0.05). The inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of CAPE against S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. mitis ranged from 1.6–6.4 mg/ml. CAPE significantly hindered the multispecies biofilm adherence (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in acidogenicity, aciduricity, sucrose-dependent adhesion and quorum sensing mechanism and GTF activity were significantly decreased in CAPE-treated mixed bacteria (p < 0.05). In a multispecies biofilm, CAPE significantly reduced its thickness and viable bacteria population (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CAPE exhibited antimicrobial, anti-adherence and anti-cariogenic effects within a multispecies biofilm. These findings suggest the potential use of CAPE as an adjunctive anti-cariogenic agent in future dental applications.
Effect of Cadmium Chloride Administration and Restraint Stress on Kidney Antioxidants in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Owolabi Gbenga Opeyemi , Otitoju Folashade Helen , Bamidele Muaphat Olayinka , Omoniru Ayomikun Samuel
Published: February 2025

Heavy metals, such as cadmium, are toxic, and the kidney is one of their major target organs. Restraint stress, on the other hand, is a model of chronic stress used to mimic human psychological stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of restraint stress and cadmium administration on kidney antioxidants in female Wistar rats. 24 female Wistar rats (180-220 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): Control (CTL), Restraint stress alone (RSS), Cadmium alone (CCC), Cadmium + Restraint stress (RSC). Body weights of all the rats were monitored. The experimental groups were subjected to cadmium chloride 100 mg/kg orally and restraint stress for 30 minutes daily using wire mesh for 21 days. Twenty-four hours after the last cadmium chloride and restraint stress exposure, all rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. The kidneys were excised, homogenized and analyzed for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde). The result obtained showed a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in the renal Superoxide dismutase, body weight in Restraint stress alone and Cadmium alone groups when compared to Control. There was a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in the renal catalase in Cadmium group when compared to control. In renal glutathione peroxidase, there was a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in Restraint stress alone and Cadmium alone groups when compared to Control. Furthermore, there was a significant (p˂0.05) increase in malondialdehyde in Restraint stress alone and Cadmium alone groups when compared to Control. Also, malondialdehyde showed a significant (p˂0.05) increase in Cadmium + Restraint stress group when compared to both Restraint stress alone and Cadmium alone groups. Nitric oxide was significantly (p˂0.05) decreased in Cadmium alone group when compared to Control. This study concludes that kidney exposure to cadmium and restraint stress decreased body weight and antioxidant defense capacity, increased lipid peroxidation which may result into adverse renal effects.
Effects of Flaxseed Supplementation on Menopause Symptoms: A Review
Authors: Gunawan Maria Gracella , Darwinata Agus Eka , Wihandani Desak Made
Published: February 2025

Menopause is a natural process unrelated to any illness, occurring in women approximately at the age of fifty. It is characterized by hormonal alterations and the permanent cessation of menstruation, identified after women have had at least twelve consecutive months of amenorrhea. Women undergoing menopause may encounter a range of symptoms resulting from hormone abnormalities. Hormone therapy is a commonly used treatment to mitigate menopausal symptoms. Nonetheless, there are apprehensions about an elevated risk of breast cancer. This apprehension has prompted several women to discontinue hormone treatment, resulting in a notable decrease in its use. Consequently, an alternate treatment, such as flaxseed, is necessary for alleviating menopausal symptoms. Flaxseed has shown many impacts on the reproductive system, including the mitigation of menopausal symptoms without elevating the risk of breast cancer. This review aims to analyze the impact of flaxseed supplementation on menopausal symptoms. A comprehensive search of the published medical literature about the acceptability of flaxseed supplementation for menopause symptoms was conducted on ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. Search criteria included research articles written in English with the keywords “flaxseed and menopause”, “flaxseed and menopausal symptoms”, and “flaxseed supplementation and menopausal symptoms”. A total of four studies were ultimately incorporated into this review.
Heterobeltiosis and Inbreeding Depression in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) for Yield, Yield Attributes and Quality
Authors: Ramana V. , Srihari D. , Reddy R.V.S.K. , Somraj B. , Praveena M. Vani , Sujatha M. , Bhave M.H.V.
Published: February 2025

A total of 45 experimental hybrids generated by diallel mating design (without reciprocals). using 10 parents and evaluated with 2 checks (Siri and US-618) during Rabi 2010-11 at Vegetable Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Dr. YSRHU) to study the heterobeltiosis and inbreeding depression. Four best F1’s and F2’s were selected and evaluated along with their parents for inbreeding depression for sixteen characters viz., plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg), number of locules per fruit, pericarp thickness (mm), TSS (°Brix), titrable acidity (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100 g), total sugars (%) and lycopene content (mg 100/ g).