bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An In Silico Investigation of Human NEK10 Reveals Novel Domain Architecture and Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Eichner Andriele S. , Zimmerman Nathaniel , Singh Shaneen M
Published: November 2024

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 27.5 million new cases projected by 2040. Disruptions in cell cycle control cause DNA errors to accumulate during cell growth, mak-ing proteins that regulate cell cycle progression crucial targets for cancer therapy. NIMA-related kinases (NEKs) are involved in regulating the cell cycle and checkpoints in humans. Among these, NEK10 is the most divergent member and has been associated with both cancer and ciliopathies. Despite its biological significance and distinctive domain architecture, structural details of NEK10 remain unknown. To address this gap, we modeled the complete structure of the NEK10 protein. Our analysis revealed a catalytic domain flanked by two coiled-coil domains, armadil-lo-type repeats, an ATP binding site, two putative UBA domains and a PEST sequence. Further-more, we mapped a comprehensive interactome of NEK10, uncovering previously unknown in-teractions with the cancer-related proteins MAP3K1 and HSPB1. MAP3K1, a serine/threonine kinase and E3 ubiquitin ligase frequently mutated in cancers, interacts with NEK10 via its scaf-fold regions. The interaction with HSPB1, a chaperone associated with poor cancer prognosis is mediated by NEK10’s armadillo repeats. Our findings underscore a connection of NEK10 with ciliogenesis and cancer, suggesting its important role in cancer development and progression.
Hooliganism as a Postmodern Religion. Theological Reflections and Contemporary Sociological Narratives
Authors: Denaxas Nikolaos
Published: November 2024

According to specific theories which are developing a special sociological methodology, sports in general manifest as a complex social phenomenon and its study allows us to investigate aspects of the social organization of modern societies. Sports are not an autonomous event of human activity. We can observe an institutional subset of sports in the wider set of society and the dynamics that develop within its contexts. The stadium, as a point of reference for a sports club, is considered an element that actually contributes to the construction of the public space. Through contemporary narratives, we will also try to approach the very special “language” of the “sports fan religiosity”.
Phytochemical Study and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Helianthemum cinereum Along with Antitumor Activity of the Isolated Trans-Tiliroside and Luteolin 4′-O-β-Xyloside
Authors: Bertella Anis , Smadi Abla , Benhabrou Hakim , Salvador Diana , Wrona Magdalena , Oliveira Helena , Sidaoui Abouamama , Gavril Georgiana-Luminita , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Olewnik-Kruszkowska Ewa , Nerín Cristina , Silva Artur , Bitam Fatma
Published: November 2024

Twelve compounds (1-12): kaempferol (1), luteolin (2), luteolin 4'-O-β-xyloside (3), luteolin 4'-O-β-glucoside (4), quercetin 4'-O-β-xyloside (5), kaempferol-3-O-[6"-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]-β-D-glucoside (trans-tiliroside) (6), protocatechuic acid (7), gallic acid (8), methyl gallate (9), ethyl gallate (10), shikimic acid-3-O-gallate (11), and 3,3',4'-tri-O-methyl-ellagic acid 4-sulfate (12) were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Helianthemum cinereum (Cav.) Pers (synonym: Helianthemum rubellum C. Presl. All compounds were isolated by applying different chromatographic procedures, such as silica gel, RP-18 and sephadex LH-20 columns. The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, mainly nuclear magnetic resonance NMR 1D and 2D, and mass spectrometry, as well as by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. The two organic extracts, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanol (BuOH) were evaluated for their potent phenolic and flavonoid contents using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the two extracts was determined using the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods. Pure trans-tiliroside (6), the main isolated compound, and luteolin 4'-O-β-xyloside (3) were evaluated for their antitumor activity against lung cancer (A549), melanoma (A375) and pancreatic cancer (Mia PaCa-2 and Panc-1) cell lines by MTT assay.
Low-Level Zoonotic Transmission of Clade C MERS-CoV in Africa: Insights from a Scoping Review and Cohort Studies in Hospital and Community Settings
Authors: Karani Andrew , Ombok¹ Cynthia , Situma Silvia , Breiman Robert , Murithi Marianne , Jaoko² Walter , Njenga¹ M. Kariuki , Ngere¹ Isaac
Published: November 2024

Human outbreaks of Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are more common in middle Eastern and Asian human populations, associated with clades A and B. In Africa, where clade C is dominant in camels, human cases are minimal. We reviewed 16 studies (n= 6198) published across seven African countries between 2012-2024 to assess human MERS-CoV cases. We also analyzed data from four cohort studies conducted in camel-keeping communities between 2018- 2024 involving camel keepers, camel slaughterhouse workers, and hospital patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). The analysis showed a pooled MERS-CoV prevalence of 2.4% (IQR: 0.6,11.4) from 16 publications, and 1.14% from four cohort studies (n=2353). Symptomatic cases were rarely reported, with most individuals reporting camel contact, and only 12% had travel history to the middle East. There was one travel associated reported death, resulting in a mortality rate of 0.013%. The findings suggest low camel – to – human transmission of clade C MERS-CoV in Africa. Ongoing research focuses on genomic comparisons between clade C and the more virulent clades A and B, alongside surveillance of viral evolution. This study highlights the need for continuous monitoring but indicates that MERS-CoV clade C currently poses a minimum public health threat in Africa.
2‘-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde, a Natural Product from Cinnamon, Alleviates Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Microvascular Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Rats Through Upregulating Cytosolic BAG3 and Nrf2/HO-1
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hsuan , Chiang Chih Yao , Wu Chung-Hsin , Chien Chiang-Ting
Published: November 2024

2‘-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA), a natural product isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, that has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we explored whether HCA preconditioning could protect heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced oxidative injury through cytosolic Bcl-2–associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) upregulation. In vivo HCA preconditioning was performed intraperitoneally 50 mg/kg body weight three times/week for 2 weeks before cardiac I/R injury in adult male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into sham control (SHAM), I/R and HCA preconditioning plus I/R (HCA+I/R) groups. We determined left ventricular pressure cardiac hemodynamics, microcirculation, electrocardiogram, infarct size, oxidative stress, western blot, immunohistochemistry and cytokine array assay. HCA pretreatment through BAG3 overexpression inhibited H2O2 induced H9c2 cell death. Cardiac I/R injury enhanced ST segment elevation, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, infarct size, myocardial disruption, tissue edema, erythrocyte accumulation, leukocyte infiltration, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, caspase 3 mediated apoptosis, 4HNE/GPX4 mediated ferroptosis and fibrosis but decreased microcirculation, cytosolic BAG3 and Beclin-1/LC3 II mediated autophagy in the I/R hearts. HCA preconditioning significantly depressed these oxidative injury by increased cardiac cytosolic BAG3 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. HCA preconditioning significantly decreased cardiac I/R enhanced mitochondrial fission DRP1 expression. Our data suggest HCA preconditioning can efficiently improve myocardial I/R injury evoked cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, ferroptosis and mitochondrial fission and autophagy inhibition through cardiac BAG3 and Nrf2/HO-1 upregulation.
Incresae or Reduce: How Does Rural Infrastructure Investment Affect Villagers’ Income?
Authors: Yuan Shichao , Wang Xizhuo
Published: November 2024

Rural infrastructure is an important foundation for achieving sustainable rural development. To effectively formulate policies for rural infrastructure, it is crucial to evaluate the benefits of rural infrastructure investment (RII) using a systematic method. This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the income-increasing effect of RII from a multi-dimensional perspective, and provide a reference for developing countries to adjust and improve rural infrastructure policies. For this purpose, this study has utilized 15 years of data in China to analyze the income-increasing effect of RII from three dimensions: structure, spatiality, and heterogeneity. The results indicate that: (1) In terms of structure, both living infrastructure investment (LII) and production infrastructure investment (PII) promote wage income. PII has the increasing effect on non-wage income, but the increasing effect of LII on non-wage income is not evident. Meanwhile, the income-increasing effect of RII for high-income groups is larger than that for low-income groups. (2) In terms of spatiality, RII has a spatial spillover effect, which increases villagers' income in neighboring areas. From the perspective of spatial effect decomposition, the indirect effect of RII even exceeds the direct effect. (3) In terms of heterogeneity, the increase in the level of job-related migration inhibits the income-increasing effect of LII, but promotes the income-increasing effect of PII; the improvement in education level promotes the income-increasing effect of LII, but inhibits the income-increasing effect of PII.
Relation Between the Oxidative Stress and Level of Physical Activity in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Campelo Sinara Mendes , Fernandes Isabela Pedrosa , Torres William Rafael Almeida , Rotterdam Gleyce de Fátima Santos , Pinheiro Maria da Conceição Nascimento , Oliveira Aline Georgina Oliveira de , Carneiro Saul Rassy , Neves Laura Maria Tomazi
Published: November 2024

Background: Evaluate the level of physical activity, the levels of oxidative stress and sleep quality of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Cross-sectional study with two groups: OSAG (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Group) (n = 15) and CG (Control Group) (n = 22). Both groups completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). To determine the rates of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH), blood was collected. Results: The OSAG presented a higher body mass index (BMI) (32.44 ± 4.79; CG: 27.68 ± 5.36 kg∕m²), higher neck (39.67 ± 3.52; CG: 36.27 ± 3.74 cm) and abdominal circumference (105.4 ± 11.09; CG: 94.45 ± 11.96 cm), and higher levels of MDA (5.18 ± 1.33; CG: 1.18 ± 0.92 nmol∕mL). No significant difference of levels between the groups in GSH (OSAG: 125.99 ± 28.18; CG: 118.44 ± 16.52 μmol/g Hb), IPAQ score (OSAG: 3170 ± 1936; CG: 2907 ± 2411 MET-min∕week) and PSQI categories) was found. Conclusion: Both groups were physically active and had poor sleep quality. However, only OSAG has higher BMI, cervical and abdominal circumference. Conclusions: Both groups were physically active and had poor sleep quality. However, only OSAG has higher BMI, cervical and abdominal circumference.
Video Quality Preservation Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Kaczyński Maciej , Piotrowski Zbigniew , Pietrow Dymitr
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a method for preserving the quality of video compressed with video codecs. The video codecs used in this article are H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) and its successor H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding). The aim of the article is to present a method for enhancing the video quality for high compression values by preprocessing video frames using Deep Neural Network (DNN). The proposed method reduces the degree of image quality degradation caused by lossy video compression by improving the detail quality of the output video frames after decompression. The proposed method improves video quality for high QP (Quantization Parameter) values beginning from 25 and above. Compared to the popular trend of improving the video quality of already degraded video, the presented method attempts to improve the quality by modifying the image before the compression process by the video codec. The image is modified by DNN to obtain the lowest possible loss of video quality, represented by quality coefficients, but above all by the visual reception of the video by the viewer, enabling increased perception of more details in conditions of high video compression.
Resveratrol-Based Carbamates as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Computational Study and Biometal Complexation Capability
Authors: Sviben Maja , Odak Ilijana , Barić Danijela , Mlakić Milena , Horváth Ottó , Fodor Lajos , Roca Sunčica , Šagud Ivana , Škorić Irena
Published: November 2024

Considering all our previous experience in the design of new cholinesterase inhibitors, especially resveratrol analogs, in this research, the basic stilbene skeleton was used as a structural unit for new carbamates. Inhibitory activity was tested toward the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by newly prepared carbamates 1–13. In the tested group of compounds, the leading inhibitors were 1 and 7, which achieved excellent selective inhibitory activity for BChE with IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.09 μM and 0.38 ± 0.01 μM, respectively. Both were much more active than standard inhibitor galantamine against BChE. Molecular docking of the most promising inhibitor candidates, compounds 1 and 7, revealed that stabilizing interactions between the active site residues of BChE and the ligands involve π-stacking, alkyl-π interactions, and, when the carbamate orientation allows, H-bond formation. MD analysis confirmed the stability of the obtained complexes. Some bioactive resveratrol-based carbamates displayed complex-forming capabilities with Fe3+ ions as metal centers. Spectrophotometric investigation indicated that they coordinate one or two metal ions, which is in accordance with their chemical structure, offering two binding sites: an amine and a carboxylic group in the carbamate moiety. Based on all obtained in silico, experimental, and computational results on biological activity in the present work, new carbamates 1 and 7 represent potential selective BChE inhibitors as new therapeutics for neurological disorders.
The Role of Re-Entrant Microstructures in Modulating Droplet Evaporation Modes
Authors: Vu Hoang Huy , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Kashaninejad Navid
Published: November 2024

The evaporation dynamics of sessile droplets on re-entrant microstructures are critical for applications in microfluidics, thermal management, and self-cleaning surfaces. Re-entrant structures, such as mushroom-like shapes with overhanging features, trap air beneath droplets to enhance non-wettability. The present study examines the evaporation of a water droplet on silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) re-entrant structures, focusing on the effects of material composition and solid area fraction on volume reduction, contact angle, and evaporation modes. Using surface free energy (SFE) as an indicator of wettability, we find that the low SFE of SiC promotes quick depinning and contact line retraction, resulting in shorter CCL phases across different structures. For instance, the CCL phase accounts for 55–59% of the evaporation time on SiC surfaces, while on SiO₂ it extends to 51–68%, reflecting a 7–23% increase in duration due to stronger pinning effects. Additionally, narrower pillar gaps, which increase the solid area fraction, further stabilize droplets by extending both CCL and constant contact angle (CCA) phases, while wider gaps enable faster depinning and evaporation. These findings illustrate how hydrophobicity (via SFE) and structural geometry (via solid area fraction) influence microscale interactions, offering insights for designing surfaces with optimized liquid management properties.
The Use of High-Protein Preparations in Ice Cream Production
Authors: Kiełczewska Katarzyna , Smoczyński Michał , Gutkowska Marta
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of high-protein preparations in the production of ice cream. Ice cream for the experiment was produced with the addition of the following high-protein preparations: micellar casein concentrate (CN) obtained from skimmed milk, buttermilk protein concentrate (BMP), whey protein concentrate (WPC) with 80% protein content and skimmed milk powder (SMP) as the control sample. The ice cream mix (composition, colour, and rheology characteristic) and the ice cream (overrun, melting rate, hardness, and sensory attributes) were analysed in the study. The addition of high-protein preparations increased the protein content of the ice cream mix, thus modifying selected properties of the mix and the produced ice cream. Mixes fortified with high-protein preparations were characterised by higher consistency index (maximum values for WPC) and larger particle size (maximum values for CN) than the control sample. The whiteness index was lower in high-protein ice cream mixes than in the control sample. Depending on the type of preparation added to the ice cream mix, the resulting ice cream differed in hardness (hardness was highest in samples containing WPC), overrun (lowest in samples containing WPC), and melting rate (lowest in samples containing BMP and highest in samples containing WPC). High-protein preparations did not induce significant changes in ice cream palatability, except for ice cream fortified with WPC, scored lower in the sensory analysis due to lower fluffiness, higher brittleness, sour aroma and taste.
The Role of Multilevel Inverters in Mitigating Harmonics and Improving Power Quality in Renewable-Powered Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Vaidya Shanikumar , Prasad Krishnamachar , Kilby Jeff
Published: November 2024

The world is increasingly turning to renewable energy sources (RES) to address climate change issues and achieve net-zero Carbon emissions. Integrating RES into existing power grids is necessary for sustainability because the unpredictability and irregularity of the RES can affect grid stability and generate power quality issues, which can lead to equipment damage and increase operational costs. As a result, the importance of RES is severely compromised. To tackle these challenges, traditional power systems (TPS) will have to become more innovative. Smart grids use advanced technology such as two-way communication between consumers and service providers, automated control, and real-time monitoring to manage power flow effectively. Inverters are effective tools for solving power quality problems in renewable-powered smart grids. However, their effectiveness depends on the topology, control method and design. This review paper focuses on the role of multilevel inverters (MLIs) in mitigating power quality issues such as voltage sag, swell and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) in RES-integrated smart grids. The comprehensive review also examines the drawbacks of TPS to understand the importance and necessity of developing a smart power system. Finally, the paper discusses future trends in MLI control technology, addressing power quality problems in smart grid environments.
A New Generalized Bessel Function and Solutions of New Class of Fractional Kinetic Equations
Authors: Youssef Ali , Kishka Zenhom , Saleem Mohammed
Published: November 2024

The study of solutions to differential equations is crucial in addressing a wide range of practical problems, and the Bessel function plays a critical role in this field. As a result, the theory of Bessel functions and their applications is a rich and complex subject. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of generalized Bessel function and explore its applications. Specifically, the paper derives formulas for fractional integrals and derivatives using the Riemann-Liouville approach, and presents a novel form of the fractional kinetic equation that involves a first-order generalized Bessel function. The paper also discusses the broad versatility of the generalized Bessel function and its potential to generate both known and new results. Several figures are included to illustrate the properties of the solutions derived.
Bi-PredRNN: An Enhanced PredRNN++ with Bi-Directional Network for Spatiotemporal Sequence Prediction
Authors: Han Seung Hyun , Cho Da-Jung , Chung Tae-Sun
Published: November 2024

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in spatiotemporal sequence prediction, with PredRNN++ emerging as a powerful model due to its superior ability to capture complex temporal dependencies. However, the current unidirectional nature of PredRNN++ limits its ability to fully exploit the temporal information inherent in many real-world sequences. In this research, we propose an enhancement to the PredRNN++ model by incorporating a bi-directional network, enabling the model to consider both past and future context during prediction. This bi-directional extension aims to improve the predictive accuracy and robustness of the model, particularly in tasks involving complex temporal dynamics. Our experimental results demonstrate that the bi-directional PredRNN++ outperforms the original model across several benchmark datasets, highlighting its potential for a wide range of applications in spatiotemporal data analysis.
The Surface Heat Flow of Mars at the Noachian/Hesperian Boundary
Authors: Ruiz Javier , Parro Laura M , Egea-Gonzalez Isabel , Romeo Ignacio , Alvarez-Lozano Julia , Jiménez-Díaz Alberto
Published: November 2024

The time period around the Noachian-Hesperian boundary, 3.7 million years ago, was an epoch when great geodynamical and environmental changes occurred on Mars. Currently available remote sensing data are crucial for understanding the Martian heat loss pattern and global thermal state in this transitional period. We here derive surface heat flows in specific locations based on estimations of the depth of five large thrust faults, in order to constrain both surface and mantle heat flows. Then, we use heat-producing elements (HPEs) abundances mapped from orbital measurements by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) onboard Mars Odyssey 2001 spacecraft, and geographical crustal thickness variations, to perform a global model for the surface heat flow. The heat loss contribution of large mantle plume beneath the Tharsis and Elysium magmatic provinces is also considered for our final model. We thus obtain a map of the heat flow variation across the Martian surface at the Noachian/Hesperian boundary. Our model also predicts an average heat flow between 32 and 50 mW m−2, which implies that the heat loss of Mars at that time was lower than the total radioactive heat production of the planet, which has profound implications for the thermal history of Mars.
Design and Numerical Investigation on Octagonal Barge-type FOWT with Counterweight Suspension System
Authors: Sun Yung-Chun , Yang Ray-Yeng
Published: November 2024

This study aims at enhancing platform design and passive control technology, reducing maintenance costs and increasing stability and efficiency. This will improve the commercial viability of floating wind turbines as a renewable energy source. The selected site for this study is Hsinchu offshore water, Taiwan. Owing to shallow water conditions on the selected site, an octagonal barge-type platform was chosen for investigation of its suitability in this study. A counterweight suspension system was used to improve stability and avoid pitch resonance. Meanwhile, an octagonal barge platform carrying the NREL-5MW offshore wind turbine was designed. It uses SolidWorks for modeling, Ansys AQWA for hydrodynamic calculations, and Orcina OrcaFlex for wind/wave/current coupling dynamic analysis. Key research results include optimizing the counterweight suspension system and ensuring compliance with Det Norske Veritas (DNV) regulations, covering Ultimate Limit States (ULS), Accidental Limit States (ALS), Serviceability Limit States (SLS), and Fatigue Limit States (FLS). Thus, the major inspections include platform motions, mooring line tension, and suspension system tension during turbine operation and parking. Comparisons are made with and without the counterweight suspension system.
Multifactorial Analysis of Intraocular Pressure, Corneal and Macular Thickness: The Role of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Physical Characteristics in Men
Authors: Foutch Brian K , Wilson Molly R , Kramer Allison , Fortepiani Lourdes
Published: November 2024

(1) Background/Objectives: This study aims to address the research gap on the interplay between ocular and systemic parameters as well as hormones—particularly estrogen and progesterone—in men. (2) Methods: We measured intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and macular thickness (CMT) in nine healthy male volunteers. These measures along with blood glucose, blood pressure, and sex steroid hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone) were measured twice for each subject. Linear regression was used to determine the individual effects of these measures as well as self-reported age, height, and weight. (3) Results: Height, weight, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and estrogen significantly predicted IOP and CMT. CCT models were more limited, with systolic blood pressure and estrogen as the most significant predictors. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that height, weight, blood pressure, and estrogen levels have the most substantial impact on ocular measurements. Ours appears to be the first study demonstrating estrogen’s effects on ocular structure or physiology in men, but future research with larger populations is needed to confirm these relationships and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Contribution of Jitter and Phase Noise to the Precision of Sinusoidal Amplitude Estimation
Authors: Alegria Francisco André Corrêa
Published: November 2024

Estimating the amplitude of a sinewave from a set of data points is a common procedure in various applications. This is typically achieved using a least-squares method that provides closed-form estimators. The sampling process itself is often affected by different non-ideal phenomena like additive noise, phase noise or sampling jitter, for example. Here we study the precision of the estimation of a sinewave amplitude when the samples are affected by phase noise or sampling jitter. The mathematical expression derived is useful in obtaining the confidence intervals for the estimated sinusoidal amplitude. It is also valuable at the time of choosing the proper number of samples to acquire from a signal from which we need to estimate the sinusoidal amplitude in order to reach a certain desired level of estimation precision. The analytical expression presented is validated using both numerically generated data and experimental data. Various non-ideal factors, such as a fixed, uncontrollable amount of jitter in the setup, additive noise, analog-to-digital converter non-linearity, and limited signal bandwidth, are observed and discussed. Additionally, this work presents an exhaustive overview of the technical aspects involved in the experimental validation, including the implementation of the Monte Carlo type procedure, instrument interface, programming language, and the general development of automated measurement systems, which may be useful to other engineers.
Deaminase-Driven Reverse Transcription (DRT) Mutagenesis in Oncogenesis: Critical Analysis of Transcriptional Strand Asymmetries of Single Base Substitution (SBS) Signatures
Authors: Steele Edward J , Lindley Robyn A
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a critical analysis of the molecular mechanisms presently used to explain transcriptional strand asymmetries of single base substitution (SBS) signatures observed in cancer genomes curated at the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) data base (Wellcome Trust- Sanger Institute). The analysis is based on a Deaminase-driven Reverse Transcriptase (DRT) mutagenesis model of cancer oncogenesis involving both the cytosine (AID/APOBEC) and adenosine (ADAR) mutagenic deaminases. In this analysis we apply what is known, or can reasonably be inferred, of the immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation (Ig SHM) mechanism to the analysis of the transcriptional stand asymmetries of the COSMIC SBS signatures that are observed in cancer genomes. The underlying assumption is that somatic mutations arising in cancer genomes are driven by dysregulated off-target Ig SHM-like mutagenic processes at non-Ig loci. It is reasoned that most SBS signatures whether of ‘Unknown Aetiology’ or assigned-molecular causation, can be readily understood in terms of the DRT-paradigm. These include the major age-related ‘clock-like’ SBS5 signature observed in all cancer genomes sequenced and many other common subset signatures including SBS1, SBS3, SBS2/13, SBS6, SBS12, SBS16, SBS17a/17b, SBS19, SBS21, as well as signatures clearly arising from exogenous causation. We conclude that the DRT-model provides a plausible molecular framework that augments our current understanding of immunogenetic mechanisms driving oncogenesis. It accommodates both what is known about AID/APOBEC and ADAR somatic mutation strand asymmetries and provides a fully integrated understanding into the molecular origins of common COSMIC SBS signatures. The DRT-paradigm thus provides scientists and clinicians with additional molecular insights into the causal links between deaminase-associated genomic signatures and oncogenic processes.
First Investigation of the Marine Gastrotrich Fauna from the Waters of North Tunisia, with the Description of a New Species of Halichaetonotus
Authors: Souid Aicha , Gammoudi Mehrez , Saponi Francesco , El Cafsi M'hamed , Todaro M. Antonio
Published: November 2024

Gastrotrichs (hairy bellies) are microscopic, acoelomate worms that live in freshwater and marine environments and represent one of the significant components of the meiobenthic communities. There are over 520 marine species, and several of them are also found in the Mediterranean Sea. However, data on the gastrotrich fauna from Tunisia is negligible, with nearly zero annotated records. We have initiated a series of investigations along the Tunisian shores to address this gap. Herein, we report data from four collecting sites on the northern Tunisian coastline. Sandy samples from 2 m water depth yielded 21 species, 11 in the order Macrodasyida and 10 in Chaetonotida. One chaetonotidan new to science is formally described while morphometric data and photomicrographs are provided for all the others. Incidentally we report on the longest gastrotrich ever found. Information about the microhabitat's characteristics, including the water's salinity and temperature and granulometric parameters of the sediment, are also reported. Finally, we provide information on Tunisian species previously discovered by our team and involved in phylogenetic studies for which morphological data and details about their findings have never been published. We explicitly address and correct the errors in GenBank concerning the attribution of gene sequences for these species.
Understanding AI Acceptance and Usage in History Education: An Application of the UTAUT Model Among Malaysian Higher Education Students
Authors: Wang Feng , Shi Xiaoyu
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the acceptance and usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in history education among Malaysian higher education students using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Despite AI's growing integration across academic disciplines, its adoption patterns in humanities, particularly history education, remain understudied. Through a survey of 512 history students from four Malaysian universities, this research examines how performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions affect AI adoption in history education. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis revealed that performance expectancy (β = 0.337, p < 0.001), effort expectancy (β = 0.286, p < 0.001), and social influence (β = 0.240, p < 0.001) significantly influence behavioral intention to use AI, while facilitating conditions showed no significant effect on usage behavior. The model explained 43.7% of variance in behavioral intention. These findings extend UTAUT's application to humanities education while providing practical insights for integrating AI tools in history education.
Consciousness as A Working Definition but Not A Philosophical Enquiry in AI
Authors: Yang Yingrui
Published: November 2024

In AI, how to characterize the notion of consciousness is a sensitive and hotly-debated issue. In mathematical logic, Gödel numbering is an important technique in constructing self-reflective statements, and results in formulating an independent statement of the first-order theory. The present note introduces the notion of Gödel consciousness as a hypothetical working definition, and inversely reveals its 20 associated postulates. We then establish two propositions, one that modifies the Gödel independent result, showing that the self-conscious statement is independent, and the other that modifies Tarski’s indefinability theorem of the truth predicate, showing that the model of intelligent predicate is null. Possible applications in probability theory are briefly mentioned.
Comparison of Parental and Children’s Dental Anxiety Levels Using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and Modified Short State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(EMOJI) Scale
Authors: AlAzmah Abdulfatah , Sharanesha Rajashekhara B. , Abushanan AlWaleed , Khojah Abdullah bahjat , Dhaafi Alhussain ali , Almakenzi Abdulaziz Ahmed , Alqarni Adel , Alagla Maram , Al Ghwainem Abdulhamid , Alghamdi Sara
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to assess dental anxiety (self and proxy reported) using a modified dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS) and modified short state-trait anxiety inventory scale(Emoji). Methods: 200 children visiting the pediatric dental clinic at the College of Dentistry at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University were recruited to assess their levels of anxiety. The anxiety score was measured before and after the treatment using a short STAI scale and MDAS of 200 children using a Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and a modified short STAI (Emoji) Scale. Results: The perception of children MDAS was found to have a highest mean score of 14.54±3.82 after the dental procedure than compared to the mean score of 9.40 ±2.90 before the dental procedure this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference observed in MDAS after the dental procedure and in short STAI before the dental procedure. Conclusion: All children exhibited improvement in their levels of dental anxiety before and after the procedure. Therefore, procedural experience may improve the child's response.
Nutraceuticals and Lead Medicinal Compounds from Sri Lankan Endemic Bioresources: A Science for Policy Perspective
Authors: Shahmy Seyed , Munagamage Thilini , Perera Rasitha S , Karunaratne Veranja
Published: November 2024

Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot with a rich history of embodying traditional medical practices in its cultural values. Despite this, the nation still stands behind in the global nutraceutical industry due to inadequate research-based evidence for the safety and efficacy of these compounds. This paper discusses the importance of supporting industry advancement while acknowledging existing barriers, promoting basic research needs, developing new research strategies, and fostering regional cooperation in science in light of the Sri Lankan BICOST IX technical report and an overview of the literature. Phytochemically monitored plant cultivation systems, postharvest technologies, globally accepted research practices to ensure safety and efficacy, human resource capacity development, and modernising laboratories with cutting-edge technologies are strongly recommended for policy-level recognition. In general, formal science brokering can effectively communicate these recommendations at the decision-making level, which is currently lacking in the system.
When to Purchase Heterojunction (HJT) or Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact (PERC) Photovoltaic Technology: Insights from Outdoor Testing
Authors: Sapina André , Branco Paulo José da Costa
Published: November 2024

There is no question that photovoltaics are a mainstream technology fundamental to achieving carbon neutrality. In this context, we analyzed and compared the outdoor performance of PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact) solar modules with modules using the recent HJT (Heterojunction Technology). After discounting the measurement error sources in our experimental tests, we concluded that HJT technology was, on average, 1.88\% more efficient than PERC technology. However, this number alone is not sufficient. Despite this indication, different PV system scenarios were also simulated to answer the right question: is there any “optimal” scenario with characteristics more favorable to some or even both of these technologies? Based on these simulated scenarios, which used the parameters identified in our experimental tests, we concluded that in cases of constraints related to the installed power or limited area, HJT modules should be installed. These will be capable of returning more profit in the long run despite both technologies becoming profitable in the short term. In cases with a limited budget, PERC modules should be installed, as they will be a better investment regardless of the time considered for the analysis.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Vestibular Symptoms in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma After Robotic-Guided Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (Dhi))
Authors: Rueß Daniel , Vojacek Susanne , Güngör Eda , Lüers Jan Christoffer , Jablonska Karolina , Hunsche Stefan , Kocher Martin , Ruge Maximilian I
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Vestibular symptoms can severely affect patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS). In patients with VS treated by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), studies addressing vestibular symptoms beyond clinical routine assessment (VSYM-clin) are scarce. To objectively evaluate vestibular symptoms, we here introduced the standardized questionnaire Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). METHODS: For this retrospective single center study we included all patients who received Cyberknife® SRS for newly diagnosed unilateral VS between 2012 and 2022, and who had a minimum of three follow-up (FU) visits. Besides clinical assessment (VSYM-clin), the presence and severeness of vestibular symptoms before and after treatment was recorded by using the DHI. Overall DHI symptom scores (1-100) were classified into four categories (0=“none”, 1=“mild”, 2=“moderate” and 4=“severe”). The results were correlated with tumor-, patient-, and treatmentrelated characteristics. RESULTS: We identified 128 patients with a median age of 60 years (range: 20-82) and a median follow-up of 36 months (range: 11-106 months). Median tumor volume was 0.99 cm3 (range: 0.04-7.1 cm3). A median marginal dose of 13 Gy (range: 12-14 Gy) was administered. Local tumor control was 100%. The mean DHI total score at last follow-up (LFU, 25.5 ± 24.7; range 0-92) was significantly lower than before SRS (29.4 ± 25.3; range:0-92, p=0.026), reflected in an increased proportion of patients with DHI “none” category and a decreased proportion of patients with DHI “severe” category at LFU. Chi-square tests showed a significant correlation of the DHI categories (DHI 0-1 vs. DHI 2-3) with the absence or presence of VSYMclin both before SRS (p<0.001, CI 95%) and at LFU (p=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: The DHI has proven to be a feasible and reliable instrument for measuring vestibular symptoms after SRS. In this cohort, DHI scores improved significantly during FU. However, only a minority of VS patients suffers from severe DHI scores before and after SRS.
SAVE: An Alliance for Reservoir Simulation Software Integration
Authors: Haringa Hans , Little Todd , Austin Andy , Aydelotte Robert
Published: November 2024

Computer Applications

Simulation Application View of Epicentre (SAVE) is an industry alliance formed to meet practical end-user needs for an integrated reservoir simulation software environment. This alliance of application developers and end users created an atmosphere where competitors worked together evolving standards to achieve integration by use of existing commercial applications.

Introduction

Oil companies are demanding improved work-flow performance from their multidisciplined teams. Integration, including the use of reservoir simulation, is expected to improve the effectiveness of business decisions regarding reservoir performance. For integration to be effective, business processes and software need to be adapted. Software developers, venders, and oil companies alike do not have sufficient resources to satisfy independently the needs of the E&P industry. Only through industrywide collaboration will an integrated environment be realized. The potential benefits of this are a 25% to 50% improvement in the efficiency of engineers and a 40% reduction in the cost of information systems.
Improved Fractal Coding and Hyperchaotic System for Lossless Image Compression and Encryption
Authors: Long Bofeng , Chen Zhong , Liu Tongzhe , Wu Ximei , He Chenchen , Wang Lujie , Cao Can
Published: November 2024

In response to the growing demand for computation and storage, and increasing vulnerabilities to attacks, maintaining image security and integrity remains a critical challenge. This paper introduces a novel, lossless image compression algorithm integrating improved fractal coding and a robust encryption method based on a new hyperchaotic system, irregular block permutation, and non-adjacent diffusion. The proposed 4D hyperchaotic system exhibits a wider chaotic range and more complex dynamics than existing systems, generating high-quality pseudo-random sequences for enhanced encryption security. Additionally, a lossless multi-directional delta encoding and segment run-length encoding method, utilizing variable-grid fractal coding, are developed to optimize data compression and preserve information integrity. Furthermore, a Tetris-based permutation and 2D nonlinear diffusion technique is proposed, using irregular patterns and non-adjacent double diffusion to resist various attacks. Experiments show that compared with other compression and encryption algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a higher compression ratio, strong sensitivity to key or plaintext, and can resist various attacks, such as brute-force attacks, statistical attacks and differentiable attacks.
Maternal ancestry reveals cyclical aging of the mammary gland.
Authors: Germain Doris , Mashaka Thelma , Chattopadhyay Mrittika , Polushakov Dmitry , Torres-Martin Miguel , Sia Daniela , Jenkins Edmund
Published: November 2024

We present provocative data that in addition to the expected progressive age-related involution, mammary gland aging can occur in a cyclical pattern and is dictated by maternal ancestry. In cyclical aging, mammary glands of 11 and 19 months old mice share genetic and proteomic signatures, which are enriched in breast cancer-related pathways, but are absent at 3 and 14 months. Since incidence of breast cancer shows a bimodal age distribution at 45 (~ 11m in mice) and 65 (~ 19m in mice), cyclical aging may contribute to these peaks of cancer susceptibility. Conversely, since the mammary glands at 3 and 14 months cluster together hierarchically, the cancer-associated peaks seem separated by a rejuvenation phase. Since cyclical aging is observed in mice with extended lifespan, these findings raise the possibility that if oncogenic mutations are avoided during the pro-oncogenic phases, through its rejuvenation phase, cyclical aging may impact multiple organs leading to extended longevity.
Prediction of new onset atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction using fragmented QRS complex combined with HEART score
Authors: Zhang Chengyang , Zhou Gendong
Published: November 2024

Objective
This study explores the predictive value of fragmented QRS (fQRS) wave combined with the HEART score for new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) following emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Method
A regression analysis was conducted on clinical data from AMI patients who underwent emergency PCI at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between March 2019 and October 2023. A total of 509 AMI patients without a history of atrial fibrillation were included. The presence of fQRS was determined by electrocardiogram, dividing patients into an fQRS group (303 cases) and a non-fQRS group (206 cases). HEART scores were calculated at admission, categorizing patients into low-risk (30 cases), medium-risk (220 cases), and high-risk (259 cases) groups. NOAF occurrence was observed during hospitalization and within 6 months post-discharge. The study compared the incidence of various parameters and NOAF across different groups and analyzed the ROC curves for fQRS, HEART score, and their combined predictive value for NOAF.
Result
During the 6-month follow-up, 50 out of 509 AMI patients developed NOAF. The fQRS group showed higher rates of NOAF, elevated VLDL levels, more STEMI cases, and a higher history of alcohol consumption compared to the non-fQRS group. The LVEF value was lower in the fQRS group, with these differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). NOAF occurred in 12.58% of the fQRS group, compared to 5.83% in the non-fQRS group, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). High-risk patients had a higher incidence of NOAF than those in the medium and low-risk groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified fQRS and HEART scores as risk factors for short-term NOAF after emergency PCI in AMI patients (OR = 2.761, 95% CI: 1.227–6.217, P = 0.014; OR = 1.618, 95% CI: 1.148–2.281, P = 0.06). The area under the ROC curve for fQRS in predicting NOAF was 0.599 (95% CI: 0.522–0.677), for the HEART score 0.657 (95% CI: 0.584–0.730), and for the combined prediction 0.691 (95% CI: 0.617–0.764). The combined prediction model had a larger ROC curve area than either fQRS or HEART score alone.
Conclusion
The fQRS wave and HEART score can predict NOAF in AMI patients following emergency PCI. Combining both improves predictive accuracy.
A Fenton-assisted decolorization strategy for the cotton fabrics dyed with Reactive Blue KN-G
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhou Chang-E , Kan Chi-wai , Feng Jiahe , Li Rong , Li Zhiguang , Zhang Qing , Li Huixia
Published: November 2024

Decolorization is a vital step in the recycling and reuse of colored waste textiles. However, conventional textile decolorization methods often pose serious environmental and water resource pollutions. This paper presents a Fenton-assisted decolorization approach to strip the reactive dyes from cotton fabrics. In this research, reactive-dyed cotton fabrics were initially pre-treated with thiourea dioxide (TDO) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), followed by an oxidative decolorization treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). During these decolorization processes, dye molecules were gradually degraded through a series of reduction and oxidation reactions. The effects of process parameters on decolorization efficiency and the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics were investigated and optimized, including the dosage of decolorization agents, solution pH, decolorization duration and temperature. The results show that the proposed decolorization method efficiently removed reactive dyes from cotton fabrics quickly at a low temperature, achieving a decolorization rate higher than 90% with only about a 10% loss in the tensile strength. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate changes in the chemical composition, crystal structure, thermal stability performance, and surface microstructure of cotton fibers after decolorization as well as the possible decolorization mechanism.