bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing of Counterclaims as a Legal Construction Similar to Set-off
Authors: Ignatyev Alexandr A.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the application of set-off under Article 410 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation within bankruptcy procedures, highlighting the limitations imposed by proportionality and claims priority rules. These restrictions often conflict with economic feasibility, leading to the emergence of a legal construction known as the balancing of counterclaims in judicial practice. Although balancing of counterclaims functions similarly to set-off, it circumvents the statutory limitations traditionally applied to set-off. Despite its practical utility in addressing set-off admissibility issues in bankruptcy, the concept lacks proper legal justification. This article explores the legal nature of balancing counterclaims, its distinctions from set-off, and its criteria and application procedures. The article begins by examining the historical evolution of balancing counterclaims and the rationale behind their distinct terminology. A comparative analysis with set-off under Article 410 of the Civil Code is conducted, focusing on the grounds for obligations termination, purpose, scope, and procedural applications. Key differences between the two concepts are in their goal and limited application scope, allowing balancing counterclaims to operate beyond the proportionality and claim priority constraints. Additionally, the article delves into potential penalties and the security functions associated with balancing counterclaims. In conclusion, balancing counterclaims can be best understood either as a legal construct derived from traditional set-off principles or as a criterion for determining transaction admissibility, including set-off, within bankruptcy contexts.
Variable Remuneration in the UK
Authors:   Lewis Silkin LLP, Goode Victoria , Bond Anna ,   Lewis Silkin LLP
Published: October 2024

This article is a practical guide to the uses of variable remuneration in the UK. it sets out the various ways variable remuneration can be structured in the UK, considering cash bonuses and share plans and setting out the pros and cons of various tax– advantaged equity plans. it then moves on to discuss the use of variable remuneration in various markets in the UK, including discussion of FtSE 350 companies. The second half of this article then considers the regulation of variable remuneration, in the financial sector and in FtSE 350 companies, including the controversial «bonus cap». Finally, it touches on some legal issues surrounding variable remuneration in the UK, including the law around whether bonuses are contractual or discretionary, holiday pay issues, discrimination, new reporting requirements and issues around leavers and clawback.
La retribución variable en Italia
Authors:   Università Politecnica delle Marche, Di Stasi Antonio
Published: October 2024

La retribuzione variabile, intesa come quella contrattata a livello territoriale o aziendale per gruppi di lavoratori, rappresenta in italia l’unico mezzo per aumentare il compenso dei dipendenti in quanto la contrattazione collettiva nazionale ha il compito di stabilire minimi retributivi i cui aumenti devono essere in linea con l’inflazione. il legislatore incentiva il ricorso ai premi di produttività o di redditività con una disciplina fiscale e previdenziale di favore per entrambe le parti, lavoratori e datori di lavoro, ma i benefici sono modesti e le diverse questioni problematiche –esaminate nel saggio– spiegano la scarsa diffusione della contrattazione decentrata
MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA HÀNH VI GÂY HẤN VÀ KĨ NĂNG TỰ CHỦ CẢM XÚC Ở HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ
Authors: Thị Thu Huyền Bùi
Published: October 2024

The goal of this paper was to explore the relationship between aggressive behavior and emotional self-control skills in middle school students, along with examining the current status of reactive and proactive aggression and emotional self-control skills in students. A total of 1,235 students in grades 6, 7, and 8 in Hanoi, Nghe An, and Ho Chi Minh city participated in the study by answering a set of questions including the Proactive and Reactive Aggression Questionnaire (PRQ, Raine et al., 2006); Aggression Scale (AS - Aggression Scale, Orpinas and Frankowski, 2001); The Basic Empathy Scale (BES, Jolliffe et al., 2006) and emotional self-control skills scale. Research results from this quantitative research illustrated that middle school students demonstrate aggressive behavior at an average level, mainly occasionally performing this behavior but the proportion of secondary students regularly performing aggressive behavior was quite high. There was a negative correlation between aggressive behavior and emotional self-control skills in students; emotional self-control skills and empathy were predictors of aggressive behavior. The analysis, interpretation of results, as well as limitations of the current study, were also discussed in the discussion section of this paper.
THIẾT KẾ VÀ SỬ DỤNG “BOARD GAME” TRONG DẠY HỌC CHỦ ĐỀ “NĂNG LƯỢNG HOÁ HỌC” MÔN HOÁ HỌC 10 NHẰM NÂNG CAO HỨNG THÚ HỌC TẬP CHO HỌC SINH
Authors: Thị Phượng Trần , Tuyết Anh Đặng , Trúc Quỳnh Vũ , Thị Mai Anh Nguyễn , Thị Yến Hằng Bùi , Thị Quỳnh Mai Đỗ
Published: October 2024

Game-based learning has been increasingly popular in various subjects at different educational levels up to now. In particular, board games are also attracting more attention from worldwide teachers and researchers. Board games used in education are often built with game elements such as storylines, real-life situations, challenges, etc., integrated with the knowledge and skills students need to acquire, to improve student’s interest and motivation in learning. However, designing an effective board game for teaching chemistry is challenging, especially for those without prior game design experience. Based on theoretical and practical research related to the design and application of board games in teaching, we proposed principles and a procedure for creating board games to boost student’s interest in studying Chemistry. The article mentioned a way of using a board game to teach the topic of “Chemical energy” in Grade 10 Chemistry, analyzed the five-step procedure in detail, and gave a specific example of designing a board game of "Explore the World with Chemists”.
Contrastive Analysis of Tabe Politeness Speech Acts in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese (Pragmatic Study)
Authors: Harahap Putri Bintang Pratiwi , Nababan Kartyka
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the level of politeness exhibited by Tabe in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese. The researchers do a contrastive analysis to examine the differences and similarities between Tabe in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese, which encompasses the act of begging and the pragmatic aspect of politeness. This research uses a contrastive descriptive qualitative methodology, in which the data consists of elaborate qualitative information rather than numerical values. This data is examined by using two distinct approaches, specifically descriptive and contrastive data analysis. The findings of this investigation in the term "tabe" holds significant symbolism in Bugis language and culture, serving as a means to kindly and respectfully request permission. By strategic use of "tabe" in appropriate circumstances, individuals can demonstrate profound gratitude and courtesy towards others, enhance social connections, and uphold societal harmony. Likewise, the use of "sumimasen" in Japan underscores cultural principles that emphasize courtesy, modesty, and social concord. The word is employed in several contexts to apologise, request assistance, or convey appreciation, and serves to sustain positive relationships and prevent conflict in daily contacts.
KRONİK HASTALIĞI OLAN YETİŞKİN BİREYLERİN 6 ŞUBAT 2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ MERKEZLİ DEPREMLER SONRASI HASTALIK YÖNETİMİNE İLİŞKİN DENEYİMLERİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Doğan Uğur , Tamer Murat
Published: October 2024

AMAÇ: Bu araştırmada 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler sonrasında kronik hastalığı olan yetişkin bireylerin ilk 72 saatteki hastalık yönetimine ilişkin deneyimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu araştırma nitel bir yöntemle, Nisan - Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında, Malatya’da yaşayan ve dâhil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 16 depremzede ile yürütüldü. Araştırmanın verileri bireysel bilgi formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplandı. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan elde edilen veriler nitel içerik analizi yaklaşımı kullanılarak analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Araştırmanın ana temaları; (1) kalınan yerin hastalık sürecine etkisi, (2) hastalık yönetiminde karşılaşılan sorunların nedeni, (3) optimal hastalık yönetimini sürdürme çabaları ve (4) hastalık yönetimine ilişkin depremin öğrettikleri olarak belirlendi.Deprem sonrasında hastalık yönetimini olumsuz etkileyen durumlar ilaç eksikliği, bilgi eksikliği, utanma ve önceliklerin değişmesi olarak belirlendi. Hastalık yönetimini sürdürebilmek için bazı katılımcılar daha güvenli şehirlere gitmek, ilaçlarını reçetesiz olarak temin etmek ve yakınlarından destek almak gibi çabalar gösterdi.
SONUÇ: Deprem öncesi hazırlıklar planlanırken kronik hastalığı olan bireyler için bireysel deprem hazırlığını içeren çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Deprem sonrası dönemde ise sağlıklı haberleşmenin devamlılığı sağlanmalı, reçetesiz ilaç kullanımına bağlı gelişebilecek olumsuzluklar göz önünde bulundurulmalı.
Extended Country Program Evaluation: Barbados 2015-2023
Authors: Pedraza Lina , Pérez Yarahuán Gabriela , Fleiss Pablo , Anderson Alonso Anaís María , Del Pilar Diego , Salazar Elizabeth , Vera Priscila , Cuadros Angeles Oscar Ismael , King Julie
Published: October 2024

The Extended Country Program Evaluation of Barbados covers the last two Country strategies (CSs) of the Inter-American Development Bank Group between 2015 and 2023. This evaluation assesses the relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of the IDB Group strategies and programs in Barbados to provide input for preparing the new IDB Group strategy with Barbados for 2024-2027. The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) found that both CSs were overall relevant and consistent with the government's priorities and the country's challenges. However, the relevance was affected by issues of limited strategic selectivity, weak vertical logic, and evaluability shortcomings. In terms of effectiveness, the evaluation found that the IDB had high or medium contributions to 6 of the 13 SOs in both CSs. Higher contributions were made in areas that benefited from the IDBs long-term support, where there was a program commensurate with the SO's scope and sustained government prioritization. These were the cases of the SOs in energy, fiscal, social, and access to finance. However, implementation issues, a program in its early stages, and evaluability issues hindered the program's contribution to objectives. The sustainability of results depends on both the Government's commitment to sustainability and the IDBs complementary support in institutional capacity. Based on the findings, OVE recommends to (1) continue supporting key areas that address long-term development challenges and in which the IDB Group has proven to be a key partner; (2) continue working with the Government of Barbados to improve project execution of IDB Group financed operations; and (3) strengthen coordination between the IDB and IDB Invest to better address constraints to private sector investments.
National Cybersecurity Law, Governance, and Infrastructure in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Paz Santiago , Tejerina Luis , Kang Donghyun
Published: October 2024

This document describes the foundations of cybersecurity practices in the Republic of Korea, specifically laws, regulations, governance, and foundational infrastructure, which comprise the core components of its cybersecurity practices. It also highlights a number of important lessons for improving cybersecurity practices in the country. The first lesson is that laws and regulations are essential for the deployment of effective responses to future cyber threats. Korea has enacted many national laws related to cybersecurity, these laws have been revised to reflect current realities in Korea. These laws form the basis of national policy and governance for effective cybersecurity responses. Second, the Korean government has implemented a pan-government national cybersecurity plan, which delineates the development of a national pan-government information protection system encompassing the public, private, national defense, and financial sectors. Under the National Security Council, Korea's top administrative entity for dealing with national cybersecurity, several agencies work closely to protect the country against cyber threats. The Inter-American Development Bank member states should promote and nurture special cybersecurity-related institutions.
Report Caribbean Connect: Building the Pan-American Highway for Digital Health
Authors: Doane Daniel , Kanjee Ameera , Nelson Jennifer
Published: October 2024

From July 23-25th 2024, representatives from seven Caribbean countries and international partner organizations gathered in Kingston, Jamaica for Caribbean Connect: Building the Pan-American Highway for Digital Health. Hosted by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), the objective of the conference was to provide a platform for information sharing, learning, and strategic priority setting among Caribbean countries with active IDB operations related to digital health. Caribbean Connect also introduced participants to the vision for the Pan-American Highway for Digital Health (PH4H), an initiative led by the IDB and PAHO/WHO, and engaged countries to contribute to the initiative in advance of its formal launch in October 2024. Caribbean Connect advanced the participating countries visions for digital health by 2030 by creating a platform for sharing knowledge and building capacity among information technology and healthcare professionals, policymakers, and government leaders. These deliberations were centered around how to implement and leverage digital health solutions effectively. The conference aimed to foster a sense of sub-regional solidarity and cooperation, as countries shared their experiences, challenges, and solutions, paving the way for collaborative projects and initiatives that can have a broader impact in the Caribbean.
Análise da variabilidade na precipitação pluvial ao longo de um século em Cajazeiras-PB
Authors: Medeiros Everton de Araújo , Silva José Erivaldo da , Dantas Janaina Lucio , Silva Madson Tavares , Junior Fabíola de Leonardo Souza do Prado , Maracaja Patricio Borges , Ribeiro , George do Nascimento
Published: October 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da variabilidade da precipitação da cidade de Cajazeiras, no estado da Paraíba ao longo de uma série histórica no período de 1911 a 2022,  a fins de verificar tendências de aumento ou diminuição das precipitações, para isto, faz-se uso da aplicação do teste de Mann-Kendall  e teste de Pettitt com dados obtidos pela Agencia Nacional de Águas (ANA), Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE) e da Agencia Executiva de Gestão das Águas no Estado da Paraíba (AESA), a análise foi realizada em escalas de décadas, anuais, mensais e diárias. Os resultados mostram um aumento da precipitação em média e de eventos extremos diários de precipitação pluvial, levantando uma reflexão sobre importância de caracterizar uma serie longa para compreender melhor as variações da chuva em áreas semiáridas e como os resultados podem contribuir com a gestão dos recursos hídricos por parte dos agentes público e pelo melhor aproveitamento do recurso pela população local.
Возможности арт-терапии в коррекции эмоционально-волевой сферы детей с нарушениями слуха
Authors: Жигилий Анна Владимировна
Published: October 2024

В статье раскрываются особенности коррекции эмоционально-волевой сферы арт-терапевтическими техниками у детей, имеющих нарушения слуха. Представленные результаты исследования намечают возможности дальнейшего изучения специфики эмоционально-волевой сферы детей с нарушениями слуха и использования арт-терапевтических средств для коррекции эмоциональных нарушений, формирования и развития волевых процессов. Результаты диагностики обозначили области, требующие особого внимания в коррекционной работе с детьми, имеющими нарушения слуха: идентификация эмоциональных состояний, ограниченный эмоциональный диапазон, повышенная тревожность, снижение познавательной мотивации и мотивации достижения, способность эмоциональной регуляции, ограниченность социальной коммуникации.
Социальная профилактика агрессивного поведения несовершеннолетних правонарушителей
Authors: Трикоз Мария Леонидовна
Published: October 2024

Специфика подросткового возраста, снижения позитивного влияния семьи, в некоторых случаях безнаказанность в уже совершенных проступков приводят к тому, что несовершеннолетние в процессе социализации усваивают образцы агрессивного поведения и считают проявления агрессии допустимой формой реагирования в специфических обстоятельствах. Результаты теоретического анализа специальной научной литературы позволили прийти к выводу, что агрессивное поведение имеет сложную структуру, отличается динамической формой поведенческих действий, постоянно меняющейся в ходе социализации, приобретая характер нормообразующего поведения. Результаты авторского социального исследования показали, что агрессивное поведение несовершеннолетних правонарушителей детерминировано не столько агрессивностью, как личностно-смыслового аспекта, не склонностью к жестокости и насилию, а теми личностными свойствами, сформированными в результате когнитивных искажений, эффектом подражания и отсутствием навыков психосаморегуляции. Это необходимо учитывать при разработке программа профилактик агрессивного поведения среди несовершеннолетних правонарушителей.
Computational Approach to large Scale Process Optimization through Pinch Analysis
Authors: Al-Azri Nasser , Al-Kindi Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Since its debut in the last quarter of the twentieth century, pinch technology has become an efficient tool for efficient and cost-effective engineering process design. This method allows the integration of mass and heat streams in such a way that minimizes waste and external purchase of mass and utilities. Moreover, integrating process streams internally will minimize fuel consumption and hence carbon emission to the atmosphere. This paper discusses a programmable approach to the design of mass and heat exchange networks that can be used easily for large scale engineering processes.
Right Competencies for the right ICT Jobs – case study of the Croatian Labor Market
Authors: Pažur Aničić Katarina , Arbanas Krunoslav
Published: October 2024

The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has led to the significant changes in many areas of human lives. One of the aspects becoming much more challenging is the education of ICT professionals. Latest statistics show that the labor market demand for ICT practitioners exceeds the number of higher education graduates in the field of ICT. This paper provides a brief overview of the past and current situation on the labor market regarding the demand for ICT professionals, as well as forecasts by 2020. Paper also provides a research of demanded competencies in ICT jobs advertisements, and their comparison with competencies defined within the e-Competence framework 3.0 and generic competencies defined by Tuning project.
Electrolysers Powered with Solar Energy
Authors: Nedelchev Ivaylo Y. , Vasilev. Rosen N.
Published: October 2024

The vast fossil fuel consumption and decreasing oil reserves and natural resources, enforce much more need of finding decision for renewable energies and development of constructions for using the so called green resources. One solution of this problem is combination ofalready established solar based sources and brown gas cell construction. Brown gas cell production is based on electrolysis of pure water and as a result generating a real gas fuel. This production can find large utility in different usages.
Study of the Mechanical Properties of Ti-3Al-2.5V after Surface Plasma Gas Treatment with Indirect Plasma Torch
Authors: Vasilev Rosen
Published: October 2024

Commercial titanium alloy Ti-3Al-2.5V became one of the most widely used titanium alloys after its introduction in the early seventies. It has a very attractive combination of tensile strength, creep strength, toughness and high-temperature stability for long-term applications up to 425ºC. It is used for gas turbine components and in other applications where this good combination of properties is required [1]. At the same time it has poor tribological properties that are typical of most of the titanium alloys. It has low surface hardness and wear resistance. These disadvantages of the material limit its application [1], [2]. Ti-3Al-2.5V was chosen for this experimental work because it showed a good plasma gas nitriding performance in comparison with the other alloys during the tests.
Production Technology Requirements with Respect to Agile Manufacturing - A survey on how the metal forming industry can adapt to volatile times
Authors: Oswald Peter , Friessnig Matthias , Reischl Philipp , Rabitsch Christian
Published: October 2024

Agile manufacturing is a production concept that was originally developed at the Iaccoca Institute of Lehigh University (USA). The purpose was to develop a proposal on how the US could regain its supremacy in manufacturing.
The objective of this thesis is to apply the agile manufacturing concept to the metal forming industry and to develop a recommendation of action how the press manufacturers can support their customers in dealing with volatile markets in an efficient way. For that reason production technology requirements are developed that should highlight characteristics of a production line that is essential to become “agile”.
As a point of departure a literature research has been carried out to determine what has already been published about “agile” production requirements and how other industries deal with volatile markets.
In a next step interviews with industry experts have been carried out to verify the findings of the literature review. The findings were documented in case studies which where the basis for the derivation of the production technology requirements that are relevant for the metal forming industry
Implementation of Systems for Knowledge Management in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Janeska Margarita , Markuseski Ljupco , Jovanoska Aleksandra , Zdraveski Dejan
Published: October 2024

Knowledge management is a trend that is increasingly widespread in business circles and small companies as well as in the larger organizational structures. The concept of knowledge management is increasing and becomes the basis for quality and successful functionality of every organization. Organizations that use the potential of human resources as primary resource in dealing with the application of knowledge management have significantly improved the performance with reduced costs and increased quality of products or services. With the application of information technology in knowledge management a decentralization is achieved and therefore it facilitates the expansion of foreign markets.
The subject of this research will be the systems for knowledge management, their relationship with the organizational learning, and the role of information technology in these systems.
The purpose of this research is to recognize the importance and the benefits of managing knowledge and to perceive the role of information technology in knowledge management in enterprises in Republic of Macedonia, in order to achieve competitive advantage and long-term profitability.
Blended Learning Possibilities in Enhancing Education, Training and Development in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Graphic Design Courses
Authors: Atef Hanan , Medhat Mervat
Published: October 2024

Blended learning is not a new concept; recently, there has been a renewed focus on this learning strategy, both in the education and corporate sectors. Although the definition of blended learning is somewhat inchoate, it is generally described as an environment that includes the use of different modes of teaching and learning. Blended learning holds particular promise for developing countries because it can make availability of resources, regional, and international educational institutions. The perspective we adopt in this paper, where we aim to take a realistic look at the potential of blended learning in developing countries, giving consideration to the various possibilities and most importantly, to the accessibility of technology both today and in the future.
Influence of Intellectual Stimulation and Conflict Resolution on Project Implementation: A case of Constituency Development Fund Construction Projects in Public Secondary Schools in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Wagude Janet , Ndiritu Ann
Published: October 2024

Intellectual stimulation is one of the manifestations of transformational leadership. Intellectual stimulation is the aspect of leadership where the leader encourages teams’ ingenuity, creativity and innovative thinking, urging them to keenly question the status quo in order to make discoveries. The purpose of this study was to explore the Influence of intellectual stimulation and conflict resolution on projects implementation. The objective was to determine the Influence of intellectual stimulation and conflict resolution on projects implementation. The study used Expost facto design. Multifactor leadership Questionnaire, Thomas Kilman Instruments, Interview, and documentary analysis were used as tools for data collection. The probability sampling used was stratified and simple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used as tool of analysis to test for significance in the hypothesis. One hypothesis was formulated and subsequently tested in the study in order to establish the influence of conflict resolution thereof, in hypothesis H1,( H0: The strength of the relationship between intellectual stimulation and implementation of CDF construction projects does not depend on conflict resolution.), it was concluded that the strength of the relationship between intellectual stimulation and implementation of CDF construction projects depends on conflict resolution(P=0.001˂P=0.05),using multiple linear regression analysis the following results were obtained- F value of 7.788,d.f (2,59) and (P-value 0.00˂P= 0.05) significance level which was statistically significant. It was therefore concluded that there is a regression relationship between intellectual stimulation with conflict resolution and implementation of CDF projects. It is therefore recommended that accredited MLQ coaching is desirable, coaching from the systems’ psychodynamic stance could equip the leader in terms of awareness of diversity dynamics and conflict management.
Comparison of the Helicobacter Pylori Diagnosis Methods with Analytic Network Process
Authors: KONAKLI Hacer , KONAKLI Zafer , GÖKSU Ali
Published: October 2024

Helicobacter pylori is infecting %70-80 of the world’s population and is assumed to cause gastric diseases. Diagnosis of the bacteria is crucial for the treatment of the bacteria related infections. Histology, culture, urea breath test, stool antigen test some of the diagnosis methods each having specific strength and weaknesses as sensitivity, specificity, cost, easiness, time, effectiveness in the treatment and laboratory requirements. In this study, three of the commonly used H. pylori diagnosis methods: histology, culture and urea breath test, are evaluated with Analytic network process (ANP) and the rank of the criteria and alternatives are obtained. The evaluation of the methods and the rank of the diagnosis methods can reduce time, cost, and validity of the test results.
Stability of the Indirect Plasmatron in the Plasma Spray Coating Process
Authors: Nedelchev Ivaylo Y.
Published: October 2024

Plasma spray coating is vanguard technology for obtaining new quality of the materials. The technology with electric arc is the most versatile from all thermal spray processes. One of the main parameters of this process is stability. The stability of the process plasma spray coating depends on many factors which are heterogeneous by their nature. Studying of such random and fast process is possible with the system for data acquisition (DAQ)
High Expression of Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Different Types of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Shacker Mahdi Sajedi , Dehghanian Amir Reza , Kiani Razie , Haghshenas Mohammad Reza , Erfani Nasrollah
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) immune checkpoint molecules in thyroid carcinomas and determine their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients.
Thyroid tissue specimens from 100 patients diagnosed with primary thyroid carcinomas including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) were collected. Sections were prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, and PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were examined using immunohistochemistry.
PD-1 was detected in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 88% of the patients and tumor cells in 28% of the patients with 10% in PTC, 5% in FTC, 5% in MTC, and 8% in ATC). PD-L1 was found in tumor cells and TILs in 30% and 79% of the patients, respectively. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression between tumor cells and TILs across different tumor types. However, their expression in tumor cells and TILs was significantly higher in ATC compared to other tumor types. Additionally, the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was significantly associated with an advanced stage, higher tumor size, tumor necrosis, and mitosis. A significant positive correlation was also observed between the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in tumor cells and TILs.
The higher expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 may contribute to tumor progression. Therefore, combinational immunotherapy by these immune checkpoint inhibitors might be a promising strategy for clinical improvement in patients with thyroid cancer, especially those with ATC.
Transduction of Human Fetal Liver Hematopoietic CD34+ Stem and Progenitor Cells into a Cell Line by Enhancing Telomerase Activity
Authors: Bhardwaj Rashmi , Kumar Lalit , Chhabra Deepika , Sharma Atul , Mohanty Sujata , Mehra Narinder , Kochupillai Vinod
Published: October 2024

Background: Human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells have proven potential as therapeutics but lack extensive research due to their limited supply. Even in vitro expanded fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells enter senescence or lose their self-renewal capacity after a few days in culture. The present study aimed to obtain a homogeneous and persistent supply of hematopoietic stem cells from the fetal liver by establishing a cell line through immortalization of cells by enhancing telomerase activity.
Materials and Methods: Human fetal liver hematopoietic CD34+ stem and progenitor cells were transformed and immortalized using retroviruses carrying the human telomerase (hTERT) gene. Following transduction, telomerase activity was assessed using the TRAP assay and telomere length was examined by Southern blotting in transduced cells. Their characterization was conducted using flowcytometry to analyze the CD34+ population of hematopoietic stem cells and their colony forming potential using colony forming unit (CFU) assay.
Results: After transduction with hTERT, the life span of human fetal liver hematopoietic CD34+ stem and progenitor cells were extended to 80 population doublings, without any change in cell morphology or population doubling times. Constitutive hTERT expression enhanced the replicative capacity and prevented terminal differentiation of CD34+ fetal liver hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (FLHSPCs). Moreover, hTERT-transduced stem cells maintained their telomere length and telomerase activity.
Conclusion: By introducing telomerase activity into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, their lifespan can be extended while maintaining stemness. These modified cells hold promise for in vitro research focused on studying hematopoietic stem cells derived from fetal liver.
Up-Regulation of miR-625-5p Correlates with Suppressed Sox2, Increased Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest via The PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Kereka Kangup Steven , Mousavi Seyed Hadi , Alizadeh Shaban , Ghaemmaghami Leila , Fakoorizad Ghasem , Motallebzadeh Khanmiri Jamal
Published: October 2024

Background: Up-regulation of the microRNA-625 and abnormal expression of the Sox2 gene have been studied and seen in several tumors. Few reports have also shown the aberrant expression of miR-625 and Sox2 expression in various cancers. Several studies have also confirmed that phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase /protein kinase B pathways regulate hematological malignancies, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mir-625 up-regulation on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle by targeting the Sox2 gene via the downstream Akt signaling pathway and cell cycle regulators, such as p21, p27, and cyclin E in the KG-1 cell line. 
Materials and Methods: Cells obtained from the KG-1 cell line were cultured and transfected with plasmid DNA (miR-625) and scrambled as the control using the Lonza electroporation system.  Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. Relative gene expression was validated by qRT-PCR. All data were analyzed using graph pad prism 7.01 and REST 2009.
Results: KG-1 cells transfected with the mir625-GFP construct showed decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest. Low levels of Sox2, p21, cyclin E, and up-regulation of p27 were confirmed and validated by qRT-PCR ( P < 0.05 ).
Conclusion: MiR-625 can be a promising approach to aid in the treatment of AML. However, further studies are required in this field
Molecular Targets for the Novel Therapies of Inflammation and Wound Care
Authors: Agrawal Palak , Singh Sushma , Singh Nimisha , Mishra Geetika , Sharma Maandvi
Published: October 2024

Anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly steroidal and non-steroidal, are already the sole treatment options for inflammatory illnesses. Chronic use of these medicines has been linked to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, as well as other serious side effects. New anti-inflammatory and wound healing drugs with selective effect and lower toxicity are desperately needed. Novel therapies acting on different molecular targets have shown promising resultsRelevant studies (2003-2024) were identified through electronic searches of PubMed and Google scholar. The search used the keywords, including the following inflammation, wound care, signalling pathways, molecular targets of inflammation. Neutrophils and macrophages play a significant role in the release of mediators and phagocytosis at the site, Nf-kB signaling pathway and the JAK/Stat signaling pathway stimulate the production of mediators including IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α, although their overproduction can have a variety of consequences. Cell therapy, MicroRNA, plasma protein therapy, COX-2 inhibitor with stem cells, combination of AMD3100 and Tacrolimus and combination of siRNAs with Plurogel for increasing wound healing time are among the approved and continuing clinical trial novel therapies mentioned. This study shows that these new therapeutics can interact with numerous targets and modify the dysregulated inflammatory pathways and mediators associated with normal and chronic wounds more effectively than standard anti-inflammatory medication treatments.
COMPARISON OF CREATININE DEIMINASE IMMOBILIZATION METHODS FOR DESIGN OF POTENTIOMETRIC BIOSENSORS FOR CREATININE DETECTION
Authors: Arkhypova V. M. , Knyr I. S. , Bakhmat V. A. , Karpenko Y. V. , Soldatkin O. O. , Dzyadevych S. V.
Published: October 2024

The main analytical characteristics of the potentiometric biosensor based on creatinine deiminase were investigated when working with model samples, and comparison for various enzyme immobilization methods was made. It was found that all sensors are characterized by a similar operating range, response time and high operational stability. At the same time, the sensitivity of the biosensor to creatinine was 2 times higher for the option of immobilization in a drop of glutaraldehyde. Storage stability was high for all immobilization methods, with the exception of immobilization in glutaraldehyde vapors, when the value of the sensor response dropped by 50% after 100 days of storage. The dependences on the experimental conditions were typical for enzyme biosensors and did not depend on the enzyme immobilization method. The linear range of creatinine determination is quite suitable for further work with real blood samples and dialysis fluid when diluted 10 times.
ELECTROMECHANICAL PROGRAMMER FOR ACOUSTOELECTRONIC SENSORS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
Authors: Lepikh Ya. I. , Snigur P. O. , Pichkurov D. P. , Balaban A. P.
Published: October 2024

An electromechanical programmer is described, intended for programming an acoustoelectronic angular displacement meter, constructed on the basis of the effect of dependence of the phase velocity of surface acoustic waves on the direction of propagation relative to the crystallographic axis of a piezoelectric sound conductor.
EVOLUTION OF THE DYSTOPIAN GENRE
Authors: Demenko P.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the stages of the formation of the genre of dystopia in the context of the world literary process. Dysutopia, which is a model of forecasting the future, reacts particularly acutely to the problems and challenges of modernity, projecting them onto imaginary societies of the future. Thanks to this, it gains special popularity in modern literary discourse, attracts the attention of more and more readers.
As a result of the analysis, three stages of the development of the genre were established. The first stage covers the first half of the 20th century and is characterized by the design of the main genre features. In particular, the important features characteristic of this genre are the presence of a closed, linear space, the futuristic and prognostic nature of dystopian works, the conflict between a strong personality and the repressive apparatus of a totalitarian state or a unified, mechanized society. In the dystopias of the second period, which is the second half of the 20th century, we trace the expansion of issues, the variety of new artistic stylistic and compositional techniques, as well as the acquisition of features of other genres. The third period is the 20s of the 19th century, characterized by multi-vector development, processes of genre diffusion and convergence, which caused the appearance of a large number of genre varieties. The works are characterized by parody, grotesqueness, and violation of genre canons. We consider the dystopia of this period as a metagenre, which allows us to identify different genre variants of dystopia.
EKPHRASIS IN LITERARY ENGLISH DISCOURSE
Authors: Dubrovska-Tomchenko Y. V.
Published: October 2024

The article systematises the experience of researchers of the concept of ekphrasis, reveals its significance and role in literary English discourse. The main focus is on analysing the definition of ekphrasis, identifying its functions in literature and art, historical foundations of the term, and the given classification of ekphrasis. The definitions offered by researchers in this field, their contributions and developments in the understanding of ekphrasis are considered. The article is based on the research of leading scholars such as J. Heffernan, P. Wagner, W. Mitchell, D. Carrier, G. Scott and others, analysing various definitions of ekphrasis, its evolution and importance in literary discourse. Future research prospects in this area include a deeper analysis of ekphrastic phenomena in contemporary literary texts. The article reflects the relevance and prospects of ekphrasis research, expanding the understanding of this phenomenon in the context of intermediality, the interaction between literature and visual art.
LEARNING GERMAN BASED ON TEXTS
Authors: Kulyna I. G. , Yaner O. S.
Published: October 2024

The focus of the paper is text analysis at this point in text linguistics’ evolution.
It clarifies the views of both foreign and domestic linguists on how to define the term “text” and examines the research methods used in this area of study. Modern linguistics needs new principles and methods of text formation that are based on corpus linguistics. The study of language and speech is also impossible without the anthropocentric and speech principle, which is formed in perspective: man and language. In this regard, his role in the text is of great importance. In the paper, special emphasis is placed on teaching German as a “foreign” language using the text as a higher-level communicative unit, an informative code that is addressed from the subject to the object. The text should contain cognitive material, have educational opportunities, be comprehensible, arouse interest and have feedback from the learners. Of course, the perception of the text depends on many aspects: the lexical and grammatical base of the students, their general knowledge, experience, etc.
While working with the text, you should not only pay attention to phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, etc., but also to the subject matter of the texts, which should be interesting to students. We believe that it is very effective to use newspaper texts related to education, life of young people in Ukraine and abroad, hobbies, sports, medicine, political and economic issues, etc.
Approaching the study and description of the language in action is essential for interacting with the text (be it artistic, journalistic, scientific, etc.). This is an excellent chance for students to discover and apply the knowledge they have learned.
SYNTACTIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE TEXTS OF THE STATE ANTHEM: ENGLISH-GERMAN PARALLELS
Authors: Prykhodko A.
Published: October 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the syntactic arrangement of ESA/GSA texts within the opposition “simple sentence vs. complex sentence”, the number of which in these texts turns out to be very close to the golden ratio. The subject of the analysis is the structural-semantic understanding of the form and content of syntactic constructions in the chain “simple sentence — parataxis — hypotaxis — period” against the background of syncretization processes.
It was found that a simple sentence in ADH/NDH texts rarely conforms to the canon of the minimal structural scheme, deviating from it either towards lacunarity or complexity. Lacunarity is associated with predicate ellipsis and inversion, and complexity is associated with right-sided branching typical for Germanic languages, which is caused by the desire for full informativeness of the spoken message and is regulated by two factors — proximity to the canon and distance from it. Each of them is, as a rule, a carrier of linguistic expression, which is created by the contrast of form and content. Instead, in para- and hypotaxis, a function is also connected to the creation of contrast.
Of all the variety of common meanings in the texts of ESA/GSA, only copulative, adversative and causal are realized with the absolute preference of the first. Their use is limited by the absolute predominance of attributive and conditional sentences (for German) and attributive and explanatory (for English). The rest of the subjunctive syntaxemes are not implemented at all in anthems. An even less used syntactic form in the texts of ESA/GSA is the period, which is connected with its inconsistency with the postulate of maximum cognitive and emotional accessibility for consumers of this intellectual product. The period faces an important task: avoiding cognitive and logical overload and achieving maximum informativeness of the construction.
It is proven that the laws of the genre and the requirements of the customers, giving preference to simple sentence formations and imposing restrictions on the use of complex ones, cause a close interweaving of orderliness, subordination and homogeneity in the brevity of the form. Relationships of causality, opposition, concessivety, finality, temporality, etc. are foreign to the anthem, because they are not attributes of political discourse, and therefore are not suitable for artistically expressive, ad vertising concise and convincing depiction of the image of the state and the idea of national unity.
RECOVERY OF ASSETS OF SANCTIONED PERSONS TO THE STATE REVENUE AS A SANCTION: LEGAL NATURE
Authors: Kotsiubko I. V.
Published: October 2024

The article investigates the legal nature of the sanction in the form of confiscation of the assets of the sanctioned persons into the state income, as an object of application by the High Anti-Corruption Court.
It was established that the current legislation of Ukraine lacks a clear definition of the legal category of “sanctions”, as well as a conceptual justification of its legal nature and a unified approach to its understanding, which necessitates the need, first of all, for their scientific development, which is extremely important in the conditions of the legal regime of military state.
It has been established that in scientific legal literature, the legal category “sanction” is studied mainly through the prism of the theory of the structure of legal norms and legal responsibility, as well as certain aspects of its implementation, which is characterized by controversy regarding the compliance with the principle of legal certainty, given the application of one legal category for institutions of law that are different in their legal nature.
The expediency of considering the legal nature of sanctions, which is the subject of this study, through the prism of the state sanctions policy, and defining them as national sanctions, with the aim of distinguishing their features and separating them from the legal institution of sanctions developed by the theory and practice of international law, is substantiated.
The author’s definition of the legal category “national sanctions” is proposed. The peculiarities of the legal nature of the sanction in the form of confiscation of the assets of the sanctioned persons into the state income, as an object of application by the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court, which is proposed to be defined as a type of national sanctions, applied in a legal action based on a court decision during the period of the legal regime of martial law, are highlighted, and in the cases specified by law, and after its termination or cancellation, to individuals and legal entities whose actions have created a significant threat to the national security, sovereignty or territorial integrity of Ukraine (including through armed aggression or terrorist activity) or contributed to a significant extent (including through financing) the commission of such actions by other persons, including residents within the meaning of the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Forcible Expropriation in Ukraine of Objects of Property Rights of the Russian Federation and its Residents” (sanctioned persons), after imposing sanctions on them in the form of freezing of assets in the manner specified by the Law, with the aim of compensation for damages and restoration of violated rights and freedoms, legitimate interests of a person and citizen, society and the state.