bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence Against Women in Bangladesh and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Huq Aurin
Published: April 2022

This Research Briefing summarises priority areas for future research and key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "Violence Against Women in Bangladesh and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic" by Maheen Sultan, Pragyna Mahpara and Fariha Tasnin from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Labour Rights and Working Conditions in Four Selected Sectors
Authors: Huq Aurin
Published: April 2022

This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research as well as key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "Impact of Covid-19 on Labour Rights and Working Conditions in Four Selected Sectors" by Mirza M. Hassan, Syeda Salina Aziz, Raeesa Rahemin, Insiya Khan and Rafsanul Hoque from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.
Modificación del cabezal de micromotor para una nueva guia quirurgica de implantes: estudio de caso
Authors: Gamarra Ojeda Roxana
Published: April 2022

Las guías quirúrgicas son dispositivos indispensables para la adecuada colocación de los implantes dentales, siendo la guía quirúrgica generada por ordenador la más precisa, su plano guía está a nivel de la fresa conformadora, esta nueva guía quirúrgica tiene el plano guía a nivel del cabezal del micromotor, es restrictiva en sentido mesiodistal y vestíbulo/palatino-lingual, tiene la ventaja que no interfiere con la refrigeración de la fresa, se adapta a todos los sistemas de implantes, no requiere kits adicionales. Para la fabricación de dicha guía se debe modificar el cabezal del micromotor adicionándole un elemento que le permitirá tener 3 paredes unidas en ángulo de 90 grados, y sobre este se posicionará el riel guía el cual dirigirá la fresas conformadoras del lecho óseo en el grosor óseo del reborde alveolar que la tomografía y la planificación reversa indiquen. En 8 pacientes que requirieron un implante se utilizó la guía propuesta, y a otros 8 se les colocó el implante con la técnica  a mano alzada. La guía propuesta mostró desviaciones que fueron de 0 mm a 0,61 mm;  las desviaciones con la técnica a mano alzada estuvieron en el rango de 0,58 a 1,56 mm. Estadísticamente no hubo diferencia significativa. La ventaja principal de esta guía es que permite la refrigeración adecuada de la fresa formadora del lecho para el implante, no requiere nuevo kit quirúrgico, es compatible con cualquier sistema; dentro de las desventajas, es que este cabezal debe fabricarse para cada marca de micromotor, aunque el riel guía puede ser el mismo.
Enhancing the value of clinical networks for rare diseases
Authors: Bolz-Johnson Matthew , Clément Louise , Gahl William , Padilla Carmencita , Nishumura Yukiko , Yang Rachel , Sarfaty Lisa , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Baynam Gareth , Kenny Thomas
Published: April 2022

Healthcare networks for rare diseases are developing around the world, concentrating expertise and knowledge from China and Japan to the United States and across Europe. Networked care is scaling up as an effective model of care for rare diseases, with prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment administered locally, informed by the body of knowledge and expertise from the whole network. Now, as the United Nations encourages the development of rare disease networks in all countries, it is timely to reflect on the key characteristics of an effective network. This article aims to identify the core themes needed for a clinical network to be healthy. This article drawing on experience from existing networks through a series of semi-structured interviews, insights from leaders of existing networks are then triangulated with the published evidence. The review aims to identify the themes that allow a clinical network to be effective and flourish. Healthcare networks are best understood as learning systems to generate collaborative knowledge used to inform the best possible care. Six themes are consistently reported in the literature and leaders’ experience: Trust, Communication, Leadership, Learning, Diversity and Resources. Learning together is a key element of the success of effective networks and is most effective when networks are professionally multi-cultural and diverse, including the voices of people living with a rare disease. Patient representative involvement is fundamental to network collaboration and is recognized as a key aspect of early successes. Clinical leadership is critical to providing legitimacy and trust, creating a common identity and promoting collaboration. Networks take time, resources and coordination to develop. Although in-kind support and voluntary contributions of network members are important, inadequate resourcing is a critical barrier to the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of networks. This review explores the core themes of effective networks. Through harnessing digital solutions that enable experts to coordinate care virtually across a clinical network, healthcare for people living with a rare disease is evolving to meet their complex needs. However, payment models to finance these models of care still lag behind innovative healthcare delivery models.
Структура полей океанологических величин у северного берега севастопольского взморья (Чёрное море) в феврале 2020 года
Authors: Ломакин П. Д. , Чепыженко А. И. , Чепыженко А. А.
Published: April 2022

На основе данных экспедиции, проведённой Морским гидрофизическим институтом (МГИ) в феврале 2020 г., проанализированы особенности динамики вод, их термохалинной структуры, структуры полей содержания общего взвешенного вещества и окрашенного растворённого органического вещества в районе северного берега Севастопольского взморья. Показано, что в условиях слабовыраженной динамики в исследуемой акватории взаимодействовали воды открытого моря с распреснённым речным стоком и выхоложенными прибрежными водами. В районе устья р. Качи обнаружен локальный максимум концентрации общего взвешенного вещества антропогенного происхождения. На исследуемой акватории в поле концентрации окрашенного растворённого органического вещества присутствовала антропогенная составляющая, а на трёх участках (в районе посёлка Любимовка и устья р. Бельбек, устья р. Качи, у посёлка Андреевка) обнаружены локальные максимумы концентрации этой величины. Выявлены источники загрязнения рассмотренной акватории.
Возрастные особенности показателей прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы крови морского ерша Scorpaena porcus l., 1758 из прибрежной акватории г. Севастополя (Чёрное море)
Authors: Скуратовская Е. Н.
Published: April 2022

Изучены возрастные особенности показателей прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы (активность супероксиддисмутазы (СОД), каталазы (КАТ), пероксидазы (ПЕР), глутатионредуктазы (ГР), глутатион-S-трансферазы (GST) и уровень окислительной модификации белков (ОМБ)) крови морского ерша Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 из прибрежной акватории г. Севастополя (Чёрное море). Установлено снижение активности СОД, КАТ, GST в эритроцитах крови рыб старших возрастных групп (5+–6+) по сравнению с более молодыми экземплярами в возрасте 2+–3+. Уровень ОМБ (альдегидные и кетонные продукты нейтрального характера, альдегидопроизводные основного характера) в сыворотке крови рыб в возрасте 5+–6+ достоверно превышал соответствующие значения особей 2+–4+. Для корректного применения показателей прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системы крови морского ерша в экотоксикологической оценке состояния морских прибрежных акваторий необходимо учитывать возраст рыб и проводить исследования на одной, предпочтительно доминирующей в уловах, возрастной группе.
Ландшафтная структура береговой зоны памятника природы «Прибрежный аквальный комплекс у мыса Сарыч»
Authors: Панкеева Т. В. , Миронова Н. В.
Published: April 2022

Приведены сведения о ландшафтной структуре памятника природы регионального значения «Прибрежный аквальный комплекс (ПАК) у мыса Cарыч» (Южный берег Крыма, район г. Севастополя). Ландшафтное разнообразие памятника природы обусловлено наличием морских и сухопутных ландшафтов, формирование которых происходит в зоне контакта суши и моря. Ландшафтные исследования (2019–2021 гг.) проводили методом ландшафтного профилирования на ключевых участках. В ходе изучения памятника природы была уточнена и детализирована ландшафтная структура сухопутной части и прилегающей территории, выделены 2 местности, 7 урочищ. Доминируют 2 местности: приморское эрозионно-денудационное низкогорье, для которого характерны урочища выположенных водораздельных поверхностей с дубово-можжевеловым редколесьем, и пляжево-клифовая, особенностью которой является динамичность гравитационных процессов, при этом наземная растительность достаточна бедна. Впервые составлена ландшафтная карта прибрежной зоны памятника природы «ПАК у мыса Сарыч»; выделены 3 местности, 6 урочищ. Для глыбово-валунного бенча и подводного берегового склона, сложенного грубообломочными отложениями, характерно преобладание ерикарии косматой. На подводном береговом склоне, сложенном грубообломочными отложениями, доминируют ерикария косматая и гонголария бородатая и чередуются с галечно-гравийными с битой ракушей донными осадками, где преобладает филлофора курчавая. На слабонаклонной равнине, на участке, сложенном псаммитовыми отложениями, господствует филлофора курчавая, а на участке, сложенном гравийно-щебнистыми с битой ракушей донными осадками, преобладают филлофора курчавая и кодиум червеобразный. На основе ландшафтного подхода предложены рекомендации по оптимизации природоохранного режима памятника природы.
A New Look at Landslides of the Vermilion and Echo Cliffs, Northern Arizona
Authors: Watkins Conor M. , Rogers J. David
Published: April 2022

The Vermilion and Echo Cliffs form a nearly continuous escarpment more than 160 km long within the Colorado Plateau physiographic province of North America. The cliffs overlie the Marble Platform in northern Arizona and are located along the Colorado River, just upstream of the Grand Canyon. Large rotational block landslides mantle the erosional escarpment along most of its extent. Although these landslides have been noted for over 100 years, their likely origin has never been explained. Landslide failure surfaces appear to be influenced by the Petrified Forest Member of the Triassic Chinle Formation, a shale layer containing smectite clay weathered from volcanic ash. Although landslides are common along the majority of escarpments comprising the Colorado Plateau where the Petrified Forest Member and other shales outcrop, most appear to have been inactive since the early Holocene. Multiple generations of landslides and remnants of previous slides exist up to 3 km from the present cliff face. Multiple working hypotheses explaining these landslides are explored in this article, including past landslides and/or lava dams along the Colorado River within the Grand Canyon, periods of wetter climate with higher groundwater levels, and earthquakes related to nearby faulting and volcanism. Various sliding modes along these cliffs are described along with potential triggering mechanisms. Back-analysis of these landslides has been conducted using mechanical properties of the formations involved as well as varying groundwater levels. Calculated factors of safety for existing slides under present conditions are greater than unity, consistent with their apparent stability.
The Conflict with non-HRM Department: Reason, Mediation, Result
Authors: Chen Zhisheng
Published: April 2022

When the human resources department implements human resources policies and systems, there will be various obstacles from other departments. Because human and non-human departments are different in departmental goals and division of tasks, conflicts in human resource management are likely to occur, which affects the realization of organizational goals. This article constructs a conflict model between the two parties and studies the origin of the conflict between the HRM and non-HRM sectors, including personnel, policies, and systems. It also proposes ways to resolve conflicts, such as communication, role exchange, business process consensus, focus on organizational goals, and political skills. After the conflict between the two parties is resolved, it is beneficial to achieve a win-win result for employees, departments, and organizations.
Safety analysis of immunochemotherapy combined with consolidative thoracic radiotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Yuying , Jing Xuquan , Chang Jiayu , Li Jiatong , Zhang Yan , Guo Jun , Tang Xiaoyong , Zhu Hui
Published: April 2022

Background: Thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) has been shown to improve local tumour control and provide survival benefits for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in the era of chemotherapy. However, there are no data to indicate the safety, especially the lung toxicity, of TRT during and following the administration of four cycles of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors when used with etoposide and platinum (EP). Hence, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the risk factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP) associated with TRT combined with PD-L1 inhibitors.Methods: From January 2020, through March 2021, in Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, patients with ES-SCLC who received TRT during maintenance with PD-L1 inhibitors combined with EP were enrolled in this retrospective study. RP was investigated and evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 (CTCAE v5.0) criteria. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyse the potential risk factors for RP.Results: From January 2020, to March 2021, 20 patients receiving TRT during maintenance with PD-L1 inhibitors combined with EP were enrolled in this retrospective study. The dose fractions were 1.5 Gy bid or 1.8-3 Gy qd, and the total dose was 30 Gy to 61.4 As a result, 6 patients (30%) experienced grade 2 RP, and no cases of ≥3 grade RP occurred. At the last follow-up, 17 patients suffered from disease progression, 13 suffered from distant progression, three suffered from local failure in the radiation field, and one suffered from distant progression and local failure in the radiation field. The median progression-free time (PFS) was 9 months.Conclusion: The retrospective analysis showed that the lung toxicity resulting from TRT was tolerable during maintenance with PD-L1 inhibitors combined with EP.
HDAC10-mediated acetylation of COX5A promotes inflammatory responses of silica- treated macrophages in silicosis via the ROS/NF-κβ/TNF-α pathway
Authors: Li Shao-min , Zhao Feng , Zhu Min-xia , Zhao Wen , Xie Rong-xing , Shi Hong-yang , Li Jian-zhong
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSilicosis is pneumoconiosis of the lung, which usually results from prolonged exposure to and inhalation of silicon dioxide. Currently an effective treatment for silicosis is lacking. The hallmark of silicosis is chronic inflammation of silica-treated macrophages. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying silicosis remains elusive. MethodsSilicotic rats were established by a single intratracheal instillation of silica suspension. The lung tissues from silicotic and control rats were obtained for pathological observation, transcriptome sequencing, tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic analysis and quantitative proteome detection by acetylation modification. We further examined silica-treated macrophage-derived inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanism using siRNAs and overexpression plasmids in vitro.Results Transcriptome sequencing revealed downregulated expression of histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) in lungs from silicotic rats. Knockdown of HDAC10 enhanced the acetylation level of cytochrome oxidase 5A(COX5A) in rat silicosis tissue and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to increased secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines from silica-treated macrophages. High acetylation of COX5A aggravated silica-treated macrophage-derived inflammation by the ROS/NF-κb/TNF-α pathway.ConclusionOur results indicate that HDAC10 mediates silica-treated macrophage-derived inflammation by the ROS/NF-κb/TNF-α pathway. Targeting this pathway may help improve silicosis and represents a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce inflammation and potentially treat silicosis.
Extremely short 3D Bessel pulses in an optically anisotropic photonic crystal made from CNTs with account for nonlinear absorption and pumping
Authors: Zhukov Alexander V. , Bouffanais Roland , Dvuzhilov Ilya S. , Dvuzhilova Yulia V. , Belonenko Mikhail B.
Published: April 2022

We present a theoretical and numerical study of the dynamics of diffractionless three-dimensional (3D) extremely short optical pulses with a Bessel cross-section in an optically anisotropic medium with a spatially modulated refractive index (known as photonic crystal) based on carbon nanotubes of the zigzag type. The nonlinear absorption is taken into account based on experimental data, as well as the effects associated with the external pump field. Through numerical simulations, it was found that in such an optically anisotropic photonic crystal, Bessel pulses propagate stably over times of several dispersion lengths, while dissipative solitons arise during the evolution of pulses. The influence of the parameters of the anisotropic photonic crystal—e.g., the depth and period of modulation of the refractive index and anisotropy parameters—on the evolution of pulses, in particular, their shape and group velocity, is established.
Determination of Cadmium in Chinese pepper and its health implications based on bioaccessibility
Authors: Wang Zelan , Yao Jie , Tu Chenglong , Yang Ting , Sun Dali , Lin Changhu
Published: April 2022

The contamination of Cadmium (Cd) in agro-products causes major concern because of its potential dietary risks. In this study, 647 pepper samples from 21 provinces in China were randomly collected according to the distribution of pepper production. Based on the data of Cd contents in pepper and the bioaccessibility measured by the physiologically-based extraction test (PBET), the contamination levels and health risks of Chinese pepper were accurately evaluated. The results showed that Cd concentration in all pepper ranged from 0.002 to 1.470 mg/kg, with an average of 0.222 mg/kg and a median of 0.132 mg/kg. The highest daily intake of Cd (4.037×10− 5 mg/kg bw/day) was observed in female child group which accounted for 4% of the maximum daily permissible dose − 0.001mg/kg bw/day. The target hazard quotients of Cd were all lower than 1, indicating low potential non-carcinogenic health risk to residents via the consumption of pepper. Notably, carcinogenic risk values suggested potential adverse health effects to adults, while after considering the bioaccessibility of Cd in pepper (mean of 43.07%), those values had fallen under the acceptable level (1×10− 4). This may indicate that dietary risk assessment of heavy metals in crops could not be conducted just based on their content, the bioaccessibility of metals is also an important factor for consideration.
Regarding our manuscript: Tim-3-immune checkpoint receptor expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity
Authors: Soliman Tamer M. , AbuAlFadl Esam M. , Radwan Ahmed , Amrosy Yasmine M. , El-kannishy Sherif M. H. , Elmansoury Eman , Aboelnour Alaa , Ahmed Heba A.
Published: April 2022

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by dysregulated T cell immune response..
Objective
To investigate the Tim-3 surface expression on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in RA patients concerning disease activity.
Methods
A cross-sectional case-controlled study involving 157 RA patients who were categorized by disease activity score 28 (DAS28) into 4 groups; patients with remission and low, moderate, and high RA activity groups. The assessment of Tim-3 expression on peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells of patients and controls using flow cytometry was done.
Results
The peripheral expression of Tim-3 on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was significantly higher in RA patients as compared to controls (for CD4 + T cells, 3.55 ± 1.12% in remission group vs. 1.21 ± 0.52 in control group, p < 0.001; for CD8 + T cells, 5.95 ± 1.49% in remission group vs. 1.80 ± 0.73% in control group, p < 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between percentages of both peripheral Tim-3 + CD4 + and Tim-3 + CD8 + T cell and RA DAS28, (r = − 0.425, p = 0.001) and (r= − 0.597, p = < 0.001) respectively.
Conclusion
The upregulated Tim-3 expression on peripheral CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells suggests a potential role of this immune checkpoint receptor in T cell immune dysregulation in RA. Tim-3 expression was negatively correlated with disease progression. Tim-3 could be a useful biomarker in determining the rheumatoid disease activity, progression, and represents an important target for inhibitors intervention in RA.
Space-time analyses of sediment composition reveals synchronized dynamics at all intertidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Folmer Eelke O. , Bijleveld Allert I. , Holthuijsen Sander , Meer Jaap , Piersma Theunis , Veer Henk W.
Published: April 2022

Intertidal mudflat systems are shaped by geological processes and an interplay of hydrodynamics, sediment availability and ecological processes. All around the world these systems are affected by relative sea level rise (RSLR), changing climate and by human activities such as sediment nourishments, dredging, hydrological engineering and bottom trawling. These kinds of perturbations cause changes in morphology and sediment composition which may cause shifts in the composition, spatial distribution and productivity of benthic communities. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variability of the sediment grain size of almost 1200 km2 intertidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea in the period 2009-2019. The large scale coverage was achieved by yearly grid sampling at more than 4000 stations. Spatial paneldata models were used to analyse changes in median grain size and mud content between years and to estimate the effects of resuspension due to wind and the accumulation of silt during summer. We show that between years the sediments of the intertidal flats changed synchronously throughout the study area and that the flats became coarser during the period 2011-2015 and muddier again between 2015 and 2019. The system wide changes and the absence of clear local deviations leads to the hypothesis that a large scale factor like RSLR, variability in the composition of suspended sediment in the North Sea, changing microphytobenthic productivity, or sediment nourishments in the coastal zone were causally involved in the coarsening of intertidal flats. Our data and analysis provides a base for further scientific enquiry but longer time series on higher temporal resolution of both sediment data and the physical and ecological environment are required. Models simulating the environment may provide further insight into possible development of sediment composition of the intertidal flats of the Wadden Sea.
Dual domain recognition determines SARS-CoV-2 PLpro selectivity for human ISG15 and K48-linked di-ubiquitin
Authors: Joachimiak Lukasz , Osipiuk Jerzy , Wydorski Pawel , Lanham Benjamin , Tesar Christine , Endres Michael , Engle Elizabeth , Jedrzejczak Robert , Mullapudi Vishruth , Michalska Karolina , Fidelis Krzysztof , Fushman David , Joachimiak Andrzej
Published: April 2022

The Papain-like protease (PLpro) is a domain of a multi-functional, non-structural protein 3 of coronaviruses. PLpro cleaves viral polyproteins and posttranslational conjugates with poly-ubiquitin and protective ISG15, composed of two ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains. Across coronaviruses, PLpro showed divergent selectivity for recognition and cleavage of posttranslational conjugates despite sequence conservation. We show that SARS-CoV-2 PLpro binds human ISG15 and K48-linked di-ubiquitin (K48-Ub2) with nanomolar affinity and detect alternate weaker-binding modes. Crystal structures of untethered PLpro complexes with ISG15 and K48-Ub2 combined with solution NMR and cross-linking mass spectrometry revealed how the two domains of ISG15 or K48-Ub2 are differently utilized in interactions with PLpro. Analysis of protein interface energetics uncovered differential binding stabilities of the two UBL/Ub domains. We emphasize how substrate recognition can be tuned to cleave specifically ISG15 or K48-Ub2 modifications while retaining capacity to cleave mono-Ub conjugates. These results highlight alternative druggable surfaces that would inhibit PLpro function.
The use of two Comfort YCFs in the dietary management of toddlers with a history of functional constipation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fernández Miriam Contreras , Es Joshué David Covarrubias , Sevilla Daniel Alfonso Cisneros , Hofman Denise , Kudla Urszula , Ángel Darelia Alelí Topete , Madero Sergio Díaz
Published: April 2022

Background: Pharmacological intervention with laxatives is the conventional treatment for functional constipation. Data to support the dietary management of functional constipation is lacking. This study compared the efficacy of two Comfort young child formulas with regards to the maintenance of healthy stooling parameters in toddlers with a history of constipation. It was registered in the Netherlands Trial Registry [identifier: NL7420 (NTR7653)], registration date 20/09/2018. Methods: Ninety-five healthy toddlers, aged 12 to 32 months, diagnosed with functional constipation (Rome III criteria) were randomized to receive one of two study formulas after pharmacological treatment. For the first month of the intervention, subjects received a laxative in a decreasing maintenance dose alongside a test or control formula (maintenance phase). Subsequently, subjects only consumed formula for another month (post-maintenance phase). Stooling parameters were obtained weekly using the Bristol Stool Scale and modified Rome III Questionnaire on Paediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms for infants and toddlers. Differences in percentages of hard stools (primary outcome) and other stooling parameters were analysed using analysis of covariance and Chi-Square methods. Results: The overall percentage of hard stools was 5.02% in the test and 2.98% in the control group (n.s.). In the test group, these percentages dropped from 7.11% at the end of the maintenance phase, to 3.92% at the end of the post-maintenance phase (n.s.). In contrast, the % of hard stools in the control group was similar at the end of the maintenance (3.11%) and post-maintenance phase (2.77%; n.s.). No difference was found in the overall stool frequency between groups.At the end of the maintenance phase, only 22% and 19% of toddlers consuming the test and control formulae, respectively, met 2 or more of the criteria for functional constipation. At the end of the study, this percentage decreased to 9% in the test group (p=0.057), whereas it remained similar in the control group (21%, p=0.1). The number needed to treat for functional constipation was 8.3 in favour of the test formula at the end of the study period. No laxative use was reported in either study group during the post-maintenance phase. Conclusion: Both Comfort YCF support the maintenance of improved stooling over time in toddlers with a history of constipation. Children receiving the formula with intact protein tended to meet lower numbers of indicators of FC at the end of the study.
Conventional versus modified application of COOK Cervical Ripening Balloon for induction of labor at term: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wen Chaoyue , Liu Xuemin , Wang Ying , Wang Jun
Published: April 2022

Background
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modified application of COOK Cervical Ripening Balloon (CCRB) for induction of labor (IOL) at term in primipara.
Methods
A total of 227 singleton full-term pregnancies with indications of IOL were enrolled and randomly divided into the control and study groups in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. In the control group, a conventional method was used. Both the uterine and vaginal balloons were filled to 80 mL and removed after 12 hours. In the study group, a modified method was used. The uterine and vaginal balloons were filled to 120 mL and 40 mL respectively. Small weight traction was given to help CCRB discharged after 12 hours placement. Oxytocin was administered in both groups after CCRB was discharged without labor starting. The improved Bishop scores, duration of labor, and spontaneous delivery rate were evaluated in the two groups.
Results
The improved Bishop scores in the study group were 3.06 ± 0.97 at 12 hours placement of CCRB and 4.37 ± 0.87 when CCRB was discharged, which were significantly higher than 2.52 ± 0.79 in the control group (p < 0.05). The first and total stages of labor in the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group ((6.17 ± 2.85) h vs. (7.27 ± 2.90) h, p = 0.010; (7.07 ± 3.18) h vs. (8.09 ± 3.11) h, p = 0.028). No difference in spontaneous delivery rate between the two groups was observed. But the delivery rate within 24h between the two groups had a significant difference (79.79% vs. 55.91%, p < 0.05). For the cases with initial Bishop scores ≤ 3, the improved score was significantly increased, the first and total stages of labor were significantly shorter in the study group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Those
Assessment of management approaches for hyperemesis gravidarum and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a retrospective questionnaire analysis
Authors: Brooks Benjamin , Mares Rachel , Morrow Adelene , Shumway Haley , Zapata Isain , Forstein David
Published: April 2022

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, or morning sickness. 2% of pregnancies in the United States are affected by hyperemesis gravidarum. The condition is characterized by severe vomiting in pregnant people, especially during the first trimester, often leading to hypovolemia and weight loss. The standard of care for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is commonly ineffective. We hypothesize that based on patient experience; the current treatment guidelines for hyperemesis are not clinically effective. Our objective was to identify the efficacy of the various management approaches that are currently in place for hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.Methods: A questionnaire was designed based on diagnostic criteria, standard demographic identifiers, and common medications for the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. This questionnaire was distributed online to through hyperemesis and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy support groups, personal social media, and institutional email. Results: In our study, most participants diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum trialed at least three medications, most of which were ineffective and/or had severe side effects. The most used medication for treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum is ondansetron, a standard antiemetic, with fatigue and constipation being the most reported side effects. All data in the dataset was coded as categorical and analyzed using contingency tables using Mantel-Haenszel Chi square tests.Conclusions: The data presented in this research provides insight into the suffering that patients with these diagnoses face day-to-day due to the lack of efficacious, well-tolerated treatment options. Establishing this gap in treatment can facilitate the development of effective treatments that will provide relief for thousands of patients.
The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys
Authors: Reeve Erica , Lamichhane Prahbat , McKenzie Briar , Waqa Gade , Webster Jacqui , Snowdon Wendy , Bell Colin
Published: April 2022

Objective: To describe changes over time in dietary risk factor prevalence and non-communicable disease in Pacific Island countries.Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 21,433 adults aged 25-69, who participated in nationally representative World Health Organization STEPs surveys in 8 Pacific Island Countries and Territories between 2002 and 2019. Outcomes of interest were changes in consumption of fruit and vegetables, hypertension, overweight and obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia over time. Also, salt intake and sugar sweetened beverage consumption for those countries that measured these risk factors in the most recent survey.Results: Pooled analysis revealed a reduction from 94% to 88% in the proportion of adults who consumed <5 servings of fruit and vegetables/day, however consumption was still low overall. Reductions were largest in the Solomon Islands and Tonga. The proportion of adults living with overweight or obesity increased from 76.9% to 82.1% overall and increased in Fiji, but did not increase in Cook Islands, Kiribati, Tonga, and the Solomon Islands. Prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia plateaued or decreased in the Cook Islands, Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga. The prevalence of hypertension increased in 6/8 countries, with hypertension now affecting one-third of all adults. Average daily serves of sugar sweetened beverages varied from 0.4/day in the Solomon Islands to 4.1 in Nauru, and urinary sodium analysis indicated an average daily salt intake over twice that recommended by WHO by adults in Tokelau (10.1/day) and Wallis and Futuna (10.2/day).Conclusions: Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) have experienced a mix of increased and decreased diet-related NCD risk over time. Higher fruit and vegetable consumption was encouraging, but higher rates of hypertension prevalence and overweight and obesity prevalence in some countries supported the need for countries to more strongly prioritise the implementation of diet-related NCD prevention policy. The value of STEPS surveys for monitoring trends in NCD risk will be fully realized when countries have conducted at least three surveys, although consistent measurement of risk factors over time is required to achieve this.
Nano-Topographical Surface Engineering for Enhancing Bioactivity of PEEK Implants (In vitro – Histomorphometric Study)
Authors: Mostafa Dawlat , Kassem Youssef M. , Omar Samia Soliman , Shalaby Yousreya
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Dental implants are currently become a routine treatment decision in dentistry. Synthetic PEEK polymer is a prevalent component of dental implantology field. The current study aimed to assess influence of Nd:YAG laser nano-topographical surface engineering combined with ultraviolet light or platelet rich fibrin on the bioactivity and osseointegration of PEEK implants in laboratory and animal testing model. Materials and Methods: CAD CAM discs of PEEK were used to fabricate PEEK discs(8mmx3mm)N=36 and implant cylinders(3mmx6mm) N=72.Specimens were exposed to Nd:YAG laser at wavelength 1064 nm, Surface roughness topography/Ra parameter was recorded in nanometer using atomic force microscopy. Laser modified specimens were divided into three groups;Nd:YAG laser engineered surfaces(control),Nd:YAG laser/UV engineered surfaces and Nd:YAG laser/PRF engineered surfaces(N=12 discs–N=24 implants).In vitro bioactivity test was performed and precipitated apatite minerals were assessed with XRD and SEM.In vivo histomorphometric analysis was performed in rabbits with BIC% calculation. Results: Ra mean value of PEEK laser engineered surfaces was 125.179nm. For the studied groups,XRD patterns revealed distinctive peaks of different apatite minerals that were demonstrated by SEM as dispersed surface aggregations. There was a significant increase in the BIC% from control group 56.43(0.97)to laser/UV surfaces 77.30(0.78)to laser/PRF 84.80(1.29)(<0.0001). Conclusions: Successful engineered nano-topographical biomimetic PEEK implant could be achieved by Nd:YAG laser technique associated with improving bioactivity. The combination with UV or PRF could be simple and economic methods to gain more significant improvement of PEEK implant surface bioactivity with superior osteointegration.
Hippocampal Inhibitory Synapses Deficits Induced by α5-containing GABAA Receptors Mediates Chronic Neuropathic Pain-related Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Cai Xuechun , Qiu Lili , Wang Chaoran , Yang Hang , Zhou Zhenhui , Mao Meng , Zhu Yunqing , Wen Yazhou , Cai Wenlan , Zhu Wei , Sun Jie
Published: April 2022

Chronic neuropathic pain often leads to cognitive impairment, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAARs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the brain, of which the α5-containing GABAARs (GABAARs-α5) are implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders with cognitive deficits. However, whether GABAARs-α5 are involved in chronic neuropathic pain-related cognitive impairment remains unknown. In this study, the rats with chronic neuropathic pain induced by right sciatic nerve ligation injury (SNI) exhibited cognitive impairment with declined spontaneous alternation in Y-maze test and discrimination index in novel object recognition test. The GABAARs-α5 expressing on parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons increased remarkably in hippocampus, which resulting in decreased mean frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Significantly, antagonizing the GABAARs-α5 by L655,708 rescued weakened inhibitory synaptic transmission and cognitive impairment induced by chronic neuropathic pain. Taken together, these data suggest that the GABAARs-α5 play a crucial role in chronic neuropathic pain-induced cognitive impairment by weakening inhibitory synaptic transmission, which may provide insights into the pharmacologic treatment of chronic neuropathic pain-related cognitive impairment.
From field to laboratory: isolation, genetic assessment, and parasitological behavior of Schistosoma mansoni obtained from naturally infected wild rodent Holochilus sciureus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), collected in Northeastern of Brazil
Authors: Negrão-Corrêa Deborah , Miranda Guilherme Silva , Rodrigues João Gustavo Mendes , Resende Samira Diniz , Camelo Genil Mororó Araújo , Silva Jeferson Kelvin Alves Oliveira , Santos Jose Carlos Reis dos , Silva-Souza Nêuton , Pereira Felipe Bisaggio , Furtado Luis Fernando Viana , Rabelo Élida Mara Leite
Published: April 2022

Wild rodent species are naturally infected by Schistosoma mansoni; however, the genetic characterization of the parasite, its parasitological features, and its role in human schistosomiasis are poorly understood. In this study, we isolated and characterized Schistosoma from naturally infected Holochilus sciureus, called HS strain, collected from a schistosomiasis endemic region in Maranhão State, Brazil. To isolate the parasite, miracidia obtained from the livers of H. sciureus were used to infect Biomphalaria glabrata of sympatric (called SB) and allopatric (called BH) strains, and the produced cercariae were subcutaneously inoculated into hamsters and/or BALB/c mice. Parasitological kinetics in experimentally infected hosts were evaluated, and the 16S and cox 1 regions of mtDNA from isolated worms were amplified and sequenced. Only miracidia obtained from infected mice, but not from hamsters, were capable of infecting B. glabrata, allowing maintenance of the isolated parasite. Cox1 and 16S mtDNA sequences showed 100% similarity with S. mansoni, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the HS strain of S. mansoni forms an assemblage with isolates from America and Kenya, confirming the conspecificity. Experimental infection of B. glabrata SB with S. mansoni HS resulted in two peaks of cercariae shedding at 45- and 70-days post-infection (dpi), and caused higher mortality than in B. glabrata BH. The worm recovery rate in mice was approximately 13%, and the peak of egg elimination occurred at 10th week post-infection. Therefore, S. mansoni obtained from H. sciureus was successfully isolated, genetically characterized, and maintained in mice, allowing further study of this schistosome strain.
Spectrometric method for determination of inorganic metals (Iron, zinc, copper and mercury) in fresh and canned Thunnus tonggol
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Baesi Farideh
Published: April 2022

We evaluated the nutritional value of fresh and canned tuna based on the date of production and expiration and measured the concentration of heavy metals in samples. The twenty canned Thunnus tonggol and 5 kg of fresh Thunnus tonggol were prepared from Bahbahan market, Iran. After storage periods of 6, 9 and 11 months, concentration of heavy metals measured. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals significantly increased in storage periods, but ​​obtained contents were lower than the limits allowed by international standards. Due to changes in water content and analytical issues, the concentrations of heavy and toxic elements in canned tuna changed. Therefore, due to the high consumption of these products, it is desirable that appropriate control programs be provided by the competent authorities at the community level.
Seismic Effect on Shear Band Development in Soil Slope
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Kumari Sunita
Published: April 2022

The present study discusses the impact of seismic load on shear band development in soil slope is using finite element modeling considering plain strain condition. Large inelastic deformations are frequently accompanied with the formation of intense bands of localized shearing which results large strain plastic response. Shear band formation is considered as significant factor to understand failures in soil slope. The strain analysis has been performed considering maximum shear strain to investigate the shear deformation behavior of the slope of soil deposit. To simulate the strain localization, softening behavior and development of shear band, a Modified Cam-Clay (MCC) material model was implemented. It is found that none of the slopes are stable under seismic action, but the instability of different slopes with inclination varies. The slope with an inclination of 1:2.25 is relatively stable. The slope with an inclination of 1:2 has local failure, but not destroyed as a whole. The slope with an inclination of 1:1.75 has a complete formation of shear band along the slip surface. The slope is destroyed as a whole. Hence, both tension and strain localization causes deformation in slope. Displacement and acceleration response was found maximum at the crest of slope.
Validation of the German eHealth Impact Questionnaire for online health information users
Authors: Sippel Anna , Riemann-Lorenz Karin , Pöttgen Jana , Wiedemann Renate , Drixler Karin , Bitzer Eva Maria , Holmberg Christine , Lezius Susanne , Heesen Christoph
Published: April 2022

Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are confronted by an overwhelming amount of online health information, which can be valuable but also vary in quality and aim. Therefore, it is of great importance for developers and providers of eHealth information to understand its impact on the users. The eHealth Impact Questionnaire (eHIQ) has been developed in the United Kingdom to measure the potential effects of health and experimental information websites. This contains user’s general attitudes towards using the internet to gain health information and attitudes towards a specific health related website. The self-complete questionnaire is divided into two independently administered and scored parts: the 11-item eHIQ part 1 and the 26-item eHIQ part 2. This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties of the German version of the eHealth Impact Questionnaire (eHIQ-G).Methods: 162 people with multiple sclerosis browsed one of two possible websites containing information on MS and completed an online survey. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and structural validity by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Construct validity was examined by assessing correlations with the reference instruments eHealth Literacy Questionnaire and the General Self-Efficacy Scale measuring related, but dissimilar constructs. Moreover, we investigated the mean difference of the eHIQ-G score between the two websites. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.Results: The eHIQ-G subscales showed high internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha from .833 to .885. The 2-factor model of eHIQ part 1 achieved acceptable levels of goodness-of-fit indices, whereas the fit for the 3-factor model of eHIQ part 2 was poor and likewise for the alternative modified models. The correlations with the reference instruments were 0.08 – 0.62 and as expected. Older age was related with lower eHIQ part 1 score, whereas no significant effect was found for education on eHIQ part 1. Although not significant, the website ‘AMSEL’ reached higher mean scores on eHIQ part 2. Conclusions: The eHIQ-G has good internal consistency, and sufficient structural and construct validity. This instrument will facilitate the measurement of the potential impact of eHealth tools.
Alluvial Fans at Cala Gonone (Sardinia), a Fast Deveoping Touristic Village: Origins, Hazards and Potential Risks
Authors: Pascucci Vincenzo , Martini I. Peter , Andreucci Stefano
Published: April 2022

The study area of Cala Gonone in NE Sardinia (Italy) consists of a wide terraced re-entrance/valley crowned inland by carbonate hills and, near the coast bounded laterally and partly floored by thin basaltic lava lying over carbonate bedrock. In this re-entrance, several inland alluvial fans have developed, and a local ~ 30 m high, about 10 m wide (thick), 400 m long scarp body-remnant of semi-consolidated alluvial fan deposits is exposed along the coast. The touristic village of Cala Gonone has been rapidly expanding in these last few decades over the mid to lower parts of two coalescing alluvial fans and along the coastal marine scarp edge. The village thus became exposed to natural hazards such as sudden overland and creek floods and debris flows typical of alluvial fans, local rock falls, and to instability of the costal scarp due to wave erosion during extreme sea storms. As commonly occurring elsewhere and since antiquity, the risk perception of such events is low because of the centennial, millennial of longer recurrence. Such perception does not negate the hazards but a long event recurrence can be accepted as a reasonable risk for the human’s activity in certain areas. However, serious consideration should be given to potential problems and plan and build for amelioration and defense. Many examples of what can occur and could be done exist from the careful safe-location of the ancient Roman villas to the recent disastrous cases where parts of ill-located villages have been destroyed by debris flows and floods along alluvial fans. The evidence of what did and could still happen in the Cala Gonone and similar other area is clearly imprinted on the landscape (geology, geomorphology, and with relative details in the stratigraphy as sedimentology of the deposits) and driven by climatic conditions and human activities.