bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТHE CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNAL AUTHORITY
Authors: KORDIĆ BORIS
Published: March 2021

The problems of relations of authority and power, authority and violence, authority and security in today's world point to the need to continually write about and discuss the authority. The paper proceeds from the ontological understanding of authority as a voluntary activity that is done because the actor believes the other person will watch their activity with approval. After that the results of research on the relationship of authority and obedience are problematized, and the question is raised about reasons for rejecting obedience. The difference of internal and external authorities is introduced and then analysed the emergence and development of the internal authority according to psychoanalytic theories. It turns out that the internal authority is attached to the inner true being of man and is based on caring for other people. Development of internal authority can set us free of coercion of outside authorities and help in coping and fight against human destructiveness.
DEVELOPMENT OF NARCO-TERRORISM THROUGH THE LENSES OF MORPHOGENETIC APPROACH – FARC CASE STUDY
Authors: STEVANOVIĆ KOSARA
Published: March 2021

The subject of this paper is the development of narco-terrorism before and after the Cold War. It is noticed that many terrorist groups have intensified their activities in organized crime, and especially in drug trafficking after the 1990s, one of which was the Colombian insurgent group FARC. In the paper, we will try to prove the hypothesis that criminal activities of terrorist groups rise as their ideological basis become weaker and that it is a rational choice which terrorist groups make to survive. We will try to offer the answer by analyzing the development of FARC, and by using a morphogenetic approach. This theory is based on critical realism and therefore it acknowledges the equal importance to the structure and actors and it allows us to track their interaction through time. That is why we think that it is most suitable for the analysis of complex and dynamic occurrences like narco-terrorism. At the beginning of the paper, we present a literature review with different conceptions of narco-terrorism, after which we highlight the main presumptions and advantages of morphogenetic theory. At the end of the paper, the author will offer her analysis of the development of FARC through a morphogenetic approach and will review the main factors that caused its intensified involvement in drug trafficking from the 1990s, like the decline of ideology in the group and the international arena, but also the fight for survival in the hostile environment of class war in Colombia.
CONSIDERING SENTENCE FOR PREDICATE OFFENSE
Authors: VULEVIĆ PREDRAG
Published: March 2021

The process of sentencing means individualization and customization types and extent of sentencing the crime and its perpetrator. In that way, the purpose of criminal law, which consists in the last defense of the society from crime, is best realized. The whole process of keeping the pre-trial and criminal proceedings has the ultimate goal of sentencing the defendant. Furthermore, the procedure of execution of the sentence is based on its previous measurement and adjustment of the personality of the convicted person. Hence, the case law abounds with examples in which an inadequately measured sentence has called into question the criminal procedure itself and the defensive function of criminal law in the society. The issue of sentencing in modern criminal law has been resolved in accordance with modern trends in the field of punishing perpetrators of criminal offenses. Therefore, we can distinguish between regular sentencing, which means that the perpetrator goes to court for one criminal offense. However, in court practice, it is not uncommon for the perpetrator to go to court due to multiple predicate offenses made in ideal or real time. In this case, special sentencing rules apply, which take into account the fact that several criminal offenses are tried at the same time. In criminal doctrine, there are several modalities of sentencing for predicate offenses. Their number varied in different time intervals. Our legislator has incorporated into its norms three ways of sentencing for predicate offenses. These are the systems: absorptions, asperations, and cumulations. In this paper, we will point out the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of each of these systems that sentencing predicate offenses.
CONCEPTUAL ART AND SOCIAL DEVIANCE IN SFR YUGOSLAVIA
Authors: MATKOVIĆ ALEKSANDAR
Published: March 2021

The paper investigates the relationship between the phenomenon of conceptual art and various manifestations of social deviance in the area of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The first part discusses the general relationship between conceptual art and social deviance, while the second part presents the socio-political context in which Yugoslav conceptual art developed during the 1970s. The third part is dedicated to recognizing and analyzing several socially deviant forms that can be noticed in connection with the mentioned segment of Yugoslav art from the 1970s. Special attention is paid to the category of deviant phenomena which we defined as “anti-system deviations.” In the final, fourth part, the peculiarities of socially deviant Yugoslav conceptual art manifestations are noticed. Among the more significant insights, the considerable presence of anti-system deviations within the activities of one part of the Yugoslav conceptual scene was emphasized. The ambivalence of the Yugoslav regime in terms of its attitude towards the artistic neo-avant-garde was also identified: on the one hand, a significantly more liberal attitude compared to the Eastern Bloc regimes, but also readiness for decisive persecution in case of open encroachment on the ruling order. As one of the primary conclusions, it was noticed that Yugoslav conceptual art (following the fate of Yugoslavia as a state “between East and West”), in terms of social deviance, was also halfway between conceptualists from Western countries and those from the Eastern Bloc. In that sense, the socio-political regime in the SFRY provided a much higher degree of personal and artistic freedoms than was the case in most socialist states, but at the same time vigorously sanctioned anti-systemic and anti-state actions to ensure the ruling order.
An Observational Non Interventional Research Study On Knowledge, Attitude And Awareness (KAA) About COVID -19 Outbreak In India
Authors: SATHYAMURTHI K
Published: March 2021

World is completely shut for more than a month due to the pandemic health
situation of COVID19. World Health Organisation (WHO) declared February
2020 Corona Virus is causing pandemic health condition in the globe. SARS-CoV2 initiating from China, novel Corona moved towards east and then crossed to
west showing its tyrannical face in each country. Almost eighty percent of the
nation in this globe had been deadly affected and locked down was declared
almost ninety percent of the nations by the novel corona. Human beings are
striving hard to overcome the strange corona virus. The curative medicines have
not produced till now the only way is to preventive measures. India has been
locked down for more than three month due to the corona virus. The study aims in
understanding the extent of awareness on SARS-CoV-2 among Indian residents
through a cross sectional survey. The study instruments is self developed KAP
scale consists of 12 statements related to the Corona virus clinical and preventive
characteristics and the practice pattern of COVID19. The study covers about 9121
samples residing in India. The study shows that about sixty percent of the
participants are highly aware about SARS-CoV-2. The knowledge, attitude and
awareness about the spread of the corona virus have less impact on practicing
preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2
PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN BROILER STARTER DIETS: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION
Authors: Ojewole G. S. , Longe O. G.
Published: March 2021

The effect of varying energy and protein concentration on performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chicks in the humid tropics was investigated in a 3 x 3 factorially designed experiment with three levels of energy (10.46, 12.13 and 13.81 MJME/kg diet) and three levels of crude protein (12, 24 and 27%) giving a total of 9 diets. A total of 180 seven - dy old Hubbard chicks into nine equal treatments of 20 birds, replicated twice, were used in the study which lasted 21 days. Percent nitrogen retained and fat and crude fibre ‘digested’ differed significantly (P < 0.05) among treatments. Birds fed 10.46 MJME/kg and 21% CP had the lowest (62.07) Percent fat digested increased as the percent dietary protein increased in each of the groups of diets, while percent fibre digested ranged between 48.12 and 59.89. Birds fed 10.46 and 12.13 MJME/kg had their mean weights improved, though not significantly (P > 0.05) as the percent dietary protein increased from 21 – 27% while birds fed 13.81 MJME diet had depressed body weight. Feed consumed also decreased, though not significantly (P > 0.05) with increased dietary protein in the first 2 groups of diets but birds on 13.81 MJME diets followed no definite tread. Birds fed 12.13 MJME/kg and 24% r 27%CP gave the best feed/gain rations, though the 2 values were not different (P > 0.05) from each other. Feeding up to 27% protein had no further advantage over 24% protein hance 12.13 MJME/kg and 24%CP with Calorie: Protein ration of 118.46 seem the best combination for optimal performance of broiler chicks in the tropics.
DIETS AND DIETARY INGREDIENTS SELECTION BY BROILER CHICKEN: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS QUALITY AND ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION
Authors: Onibi G. E. , Owoyemi A. P. , Akinyemi O. O.
Published: March 2021

A total of 90day – old Hypeco broiler chicks were used in a choice-feeding trial to investigate whether meat-type chicken could select adequate nutrients that would support fast growth rate from a choice of imbalanced diet and feed ingredients. Three diets were used: a control diet (diet A= 200g/kg CP, 3031 kcal/kg ME) and two test diets; a low protein, high-energy diet (diet B=166g/kgCP, 3021 kcal/kg ME) and a low-protein, low-energy diet (diet C=168g/kgCP, 2838 kcal/kg ME). The diets were fed singly. The test diets were also used in a choice-feeding with ground maize and soya-bean meal (SBM). The study lasted for 5weeks and the response criteria included growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics, and economics of production. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P < 0.01) and (P < 0.001 respectively) influenced. Birds on the control diets had the highest weight gain and best feed conversion ratio. Birds on the low-protein, high-energy diet had performances not significantly (P > 0.05) lower than the control. The low-protein, low-energy diet depressed performance. Feeding the imbalanced diets (diets B and C) singly produced better performances than feeding them with a choice of dietary ingredients. Birds exhibited selection potentials by selecting the ground maize and SBM to compensate for deficiencies in the imbalanced diets but not at a level adequate enough to improve performances. Only the relative chest weight was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced amongst the carcass and organ weights measured. It decreased with decreasing feed quality. Economics of production showed that low quality and cheaper priced feeds do not necessarily give higher income and profit. The benefits of feeding single balanced diets and the possibility of decreasing the protein content of broiler finisher diets without compromising profits were revealed. It was suggested that broiler chicken appeared to select nutrients for maximize economic performance and that feed quality control should be enforced.
GROWTH AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BROILERS FED DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PREMIXES AT TWO DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Authors: Ayanwale B. A. , Ogunmodede B. K.
Published: March 2021

Three different brands of commercial premixes were fed to a total of 270 Brown Hypeco breeds of broilers at starter and finisher stages of development. At the starter phase the broiler chickens were divided into three experimental groups. Each group was fed one type of premix in duplicates and designated A, B and C. At the finisher phase, each of the 3 groups was divided into 3 experimental group to obtain a total of mine premix combinations. Data on growth rate, feed and energy intake were recorded from which weight gain and energy efficiency were calculated. The results showed that broilers fed premix B at both development stages had better body weight and gain (20.59g/day), comsumed more DM (56g/day), energy (168 kcal / day) with better energy efficiency than broilers in other groups. Energy efficiency of broilers fed premix A was better than that of C – fed broilers at finisher phase. Energy efficiency was improved when broilers were finished with premix B irrespective of the starter premix. The poor energy efficiency of broilers fed premix A or C was attributed to deficiency of thiamine and marginal deficiency of other energy related micro-nutrients leading to nutrients imbalance.
THE USE OF ACTIVATED SEWAGE SLUDGE IN BROILER DIETS
Authors: Biobaku W. O. , Aina A. B. J. , Shoge A. O.
Published: March 2021

The effect of dried activated sewage sludge on the growth and protein utilization of broiler was studied. The eight weeks feeding trial involving one hundred and eighty day-old broiler chicks, weighting 57.80 – 58.00g in a completely randomized design were fed three diets containing 0% (control), 10% and 15% dried activated sewage sludge. The dried activated sewage sludge was found to be high in protein and ash (24.24% and 41.80%) but low in either extract and fibre (3.0% and 3.50%) respectively. At the 10% level of inclusion in the diet, the activiated sewage sludge gave significantly (P < 0.05) better weight gains than the control and 15% levels of inclusion. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were also significantly (P < 0.05) better at 10% inclusion when compared with the control and 15% levels of inclusion. There was no incidence of enteritis and percentage mortality was statistically insignificant at 5% level.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND MODIFICATION OF A KEROSENE FUELED TABLE INCUBATOR
Authors: Adewumi B. A. , Falayi F. R.
Published: March 2021

A laboratory scale kerosene fueled incubator made of locally available materials was evaluated and modified in order to improve its performance. It has capacity for 30 egg. The defects identified with the incubator during the initial tests were rectified and the incubator was modified. The original design operated within a temperature and relative humidity range of 36.8 – 38.8o C and 56.5 – 66.5% respectively and had an average percentage hatchability of 75% for domestic fowl eggs. The modified incubator had an average percentage hatchability of 88.4% had operates within a temperature and relative humidity range of 37.0o – 38.0oC and 58.0 – 70.0% respectively. The percentage hatchability of the original design compares favourably with the various types of commercial incubators found in literature while the modified incubator performed better. The incubator id recommended for small scale chick production in the tropical region and could be enlarged for medium/large scale chick production.
A Serverless Alternative to Traditional Databases
Authors: Фомичев А. , Бондарь О.
Published: March 2021

Бессерверные вычисления стали следующим шагом к снижению «налога» на инфраструктуру, который вынуждены платить пользователи облачных сервисов, однако на рынке сегодня мало баз данных для этой экосистемы, и задача Yandex Database — восполнить этот пробел.

Serverless computing becomes increasingly popular, growing from experimental technology into an industrial-grade solution. Most cloud service providers now have serverless platforms, with the move into the serverless era offering new opportunities for cutting the infrastructure “tax” that users have to pay now. Still, just a few databases are currently available for the serverless ecosystem, and Yandex Database aims to bridge that gap.
Pengaruh Disiplin Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Prabumulih
Authors: Deni Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Pengaruh Disiplin terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Prabumulih, (2) Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Prabumulih, (3) Pengaruh disiplin dan lingkungan kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Prabumulih.

Penelitian ini dikategorikan sebagai penelitian survey, dimana instrumen penelitian ini berupa kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 112 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dengan uji t dan uji f.

Hasil penelitian mengemukakan bahwa : (1) Disiplin berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kinerja pegawai Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Prabumulih.;

Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kinerja pegawai Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Prabumulih ; (3) Disiplin dan Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja pegawai Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota

,

Kata kunci : Disiplin, Lingkungan Kerja, Kinerja
EDUCAÇÃO SOCIAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE HUMANIZAÇÃO PARA APRENDIZAGEM NO PROGRAMA DE CAPACITAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Farias Júnior Artur Alves , Andrade Ruth Sales Gama de
Published: March 2021

Dentro da proposta pedagógica da Sala de Extensão PROPEX, ligada à Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Extensão (PROPEX), no Campus Aracaju, do Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS), desde o início de 2016, a multidisciplinaridade é ferramenta fundamental para o enriquecimento da formação acadêmica e cidadã da comunidade interna e externa da instituição. Para a programação de 2017, o Programa de Capacitação Profissional (PCP) surge como leitura mais subjetiva e humanizada, baseando-se no tripé: segurança do trabalho, meio ambiente e saúde e, ainda, em conceitos de Educação Social para suporte da metodologia dos cursos oferecidos. Como opções, têm-se os cursos de NR 20 / Frentista de Postos Combustíveis e de Atendente de Farmácia.  Deste modo, vê-se o PCP não só como um conjunto de cursos profissionalizantes, mas também como facilitador de aprendizagem ao propor conexões com temas cidadãos para o empoderamento do indivíduo e assim melhor prepará-lo para o mercado de trabalho. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho propõe possibilitar a conexão do caráter reprodutivista de ensino de cursos de capacitação com o olhar humanizado, ao entendê-los como agentes transformadores na comunidade. Para nortear o estudo, além de conceitos literários, consideraram-se informações do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), Organização das Nações Unidas para Educação, Ciência e Cultura (Unesco), Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social (MDS/BR) e aplicação de questionário com estudantes atendidos, de modo a demonstrar a evolução do programa.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and
oxygenated derivatives in the Arctic boundary layer: Seasonal trends
and local anthropogenic influence
Authors: Drotikova Tatiana , Dekhtyareva Alena , Kallenborn Roland , Albinet Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Abstract. 22 PAHs, 29 oxy-PAHs, and 35 nitro-PAHs (polycyclic aromatic compounds, PACs) were measured in gaseous and particulate phases in the ambient air of Longyearbyen, the most populated settlement in Svalbard, the European Arctic. The sampling campaign started in polar night in November 2017 and lasted for 8 months until June 2018, when a light cycle reached a sunlit period with no night. The transport regimes of the near-surface, potentially polluted air masses from midlatitudes to the Arctic and the polar boundary layer meteorology were studied. The data analysis showed the observed winter PAC levels were mainly influenced by the lower latitude sources in northwestern Eurasia, while local emissions dominated in spring and summer. The highest PAC concentrations observed in spring, with PAH concentration levels a factor of 30 higher compared to the measurements at the closest background station in Svalbard (Zeppelin; in 115 km distance to Longyearbyen), were attributed to local snowmobile driving emissions. The lowest PAC concentrations were expected in summer due to enhanced photochemical degradation under the 24 h midnight sun conditions and inhibited long-range atmospheric transport. In contrast, the measured summer concentrations were notably higher than those in winter due to the harbour (ship) emissions.
Sensitivities to biological aerosol particle properties and ageing processes: potential implications for aerosol–cloud interactions and optical properties
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Khaled Amina , Amato Pierre , Delort Anne-Marie , Ervens Barbara
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and pollen, represent a small fraction of the total aerosol
burden. Based on process model studies, we identify trends in the relative importance of PBAP properties, e.g., number concentration, diameter,
hygroscopicity, surface tension, and contact angle, for their aerosol–cloud interactions and optical properties. While the number concentration of PBAPs likely does not affect total cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations globally, small changes in the hygroscopicity of submicron PBAPs might affect their CCN ability and thus their inclusion into clouds. Given that PBAPs are highly efficient atmospheric ice nuclei (IN) at T > −10 ∘C, we suggest that small changes in their sizes or surface properties due to chemical, physical, or biological processing might translate into large impacts on ice initiation in clouds. Predicted differences in the direct interaction of PBAPs with radiation can be equally large between different species of the same PBAP type and among different PBAP types. Our study shows that not only variability of PBAP types but also their physical, chemical, and biological ageing processes might alter their CCN and IN activities to affect their aerosol–cloud interactions and optical properties. While these properties and processes likely affect radiative forcing only on small spatial and temporal scales, we highlight their potential importance for PBAP survival, dispersion, and transport in the atmosphere.
High-resolution optical constants of crystalline ammonium nitrate for infrared remote sensing of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer
Authors: Wagner Robert , Testa Baptiste , Höpfner Michael , Kiselev Alexei , Möhler Ottmar , Saathoff Harald , Ungermann Jörn , Leisner Thomas
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Infrared spectroscopic observations have shown that crystalline ammonium nitrate (AN) particles are an abundant constituent of the upper tropospheric aerosol layer which is formed during the Asian summer monsoon period, the so-called Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). At
upper tropospheric temperatures, the thermodynamically stable phase of AN is
different from that at 298 K, meaning that presently available
room-temperature optical constants of AN, that is, the real and imaginary
parts of the complex refractive index, cannot be applied for the
quantitative analysis of these infrared measurements. In this work, we have
retrieved the first low-temperature data set of optical constants for
crystalline AN in the 800–6000 cm−1 wavenumber range with a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm−1. The
optical constants were iteratively derived from an infrared extinction
spectrum of 1 µm sized AN particles suspended in a cloud chamber at 223 K. The uncertainties of the new data set were carefully assessed in a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. We show that our data accurately fit
aircraft-borne infrared measurements of ammonium nitrate particles in the
ATAL.
The nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS) and its
application to size distribution measurements of 1.5–25 nm particles
Authors: Kong Weimeng , Amanatidis Stavros , Mai Huajun , Kim Changhyuk , Schulze Benjamin C. , Huang Yuanlong , Lewis Gregory S. , Hering Susanne V. , Seinfeld John H. , Flagan Richard C.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Particle size measurement in the low nanometer regime is of great importance to the study of cloud condensation nuclei formation and to better understand aerosol-cloud interaction. Here we present the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of the nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS), a recently developed instrument that probes particle physical properties in the 1.5–25 nm range. The nSEMS consists of a charge conditioner, a novel differential mobility analyzer, and a two-stage condensation particle counter (CPC). The charge conditioner employs a soft x-ray bipolar ion source in a compact housing designed to optimize both nanoparticle charging and transmission efficiency. The mobility analyzer, a radial opposed migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC), can classify nanometer-sized particles with minimal degradation of its resolution or diffusional losses. The ROMIAC operates on a dual high-voltage supply with fast polarity-switching capability to minimize sensitivity to variations in the chemical nature of the ions used to charge the aerosol. Particles transmitted through the charge conditioner and mobility analyzer are measured using a two-stage CPC. They are first activated in a fast-mixing diethylene glycol (DEG) stage before being counted by a second detection stage, an ADI MAGICTM water-based CPC. The transfer function of the integrated instrument is derived from both finite-element modeling and experimental characterization. The nSEMS performance has been evaluated during measurement of transient nucleation and growth events in the CLOUD atmospheric chamber at CERN. We show that the nSEMS can provide high time and size resolution measurement of nanoparticles, and can capture the critical aerosol dynamics of newly formed atmospheric particles.
Validation of SSUSI derived ionization rates and electron densities
Authors: Bender Stefan , Espy Patrick J. , Paxton Larry J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The coupling of the atmosphere to the space environment has become recognized as an important driver of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. In order to quantify the effects of particle precipitation on the atmosphere, reliable global energy inputs on spatial scales commensurate with particle precipitation variations are required. To that end, we have validated the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imagers (SSUSI) products for average electron energy and electron energy flux by comparing to EISCAT electron density profiles. This comparison shows that SSUSI FUV observations can be used to provide ionization rate profiles throughout the auroral region. The SSUSI on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Block 5D3 satellites provide nearly hourly, high-resolution UV snapshots of auroral emissions. These UV data have been converted to average energies and energy fluxes of precipitating electrons. Here we use those SSUSI-derived energies and fluxes to drive standard parametrizations in order to obtain ionization-rate and electron-density profiles in the E-region (90–150 km). These profiles are then compared to EISCAT ground-based electron density measurements. We compare the data from two satellites, DMSP F17 and F18, to the Tromsø UHF radar profiles. We find that differentiating between the magnetic local time (MLT) morning (3–11 h) and evening (15–23 h) provides the best fit to the ground-based data. The data agree well in the MLT morning sector using a Maxwellian electron spectrum, while in the evening sector using a Gaussian spectrum and accounting for bounce-electrons achieved optimum agreement with EISCAT. Depending on the satellite and MLT period, the median of the differences varies between 0 and 20 % above 105 km (F17) and ±15 % above 100 km (F18). Because of the large density gradient below those altitudes, the relative differences get larger, albeit without a substantially increasing absolute difference, with virtually no statistically significant differences at the 1 σ level.
Modeling silicate–nitrate–ammonium co-limitation of algal growth and the importance of bacterial remineralization based on an experimental Arctic coastal spring bloom culture study
Authors: Vonnahme Tobias R. , Leroy Martial , Thoms Silke , van Oevelen Dick , Harvey H. Rodger , Kristiansen Svein , Gradinger Rolf , Dietrich Ulrike , Völker Christoph
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Arctic coastal ecosystems are rapidly changing due to
climate warming. This makes modeling their productivity crucially important
to better understand future changes. System primary production in these
systems is highest during the pronounced spring bloom, typically dominated
by diatoms. Eventually the spring blooms terminate due to silicon or
nitrogen limitation. Bacteria can play an important role for extending bloom
duration and total CO2 fixation through ammonium regeneration. Current
ecosystem models often simplify the effects of nutrient co-limitations on
algal physiology and cellular ratios and simplify nutrient regeneration.
These simplifications may lead to underestimations of primary production.
Detailed biochemistry- and cell-based models can represent these dynamics
but are difficult to tune in the environment. We performed a cultivation
experiment that showed typical spring bloom dynamics, such as extended algal
growth via bacterial ammonium remineralization, reduced algal growth and
inhibited chlorophyll synthesis under silicate limitation, and gradually
reduced nitrogen assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis under nitrogen
limitation. We developed a simplified dynamic model to represent these
processes. Overall, model complexity in terms of the number of parameters is
comparable to the phytoplankton growth and nutrient biogeochemistry
formulations in common ecosystem models used in the Arctic while improving
the representation of nutrient-co-limitation-related processes. Such model
enhancements that now incorporate increased nutrient inputs and higher
mineralization rates in a warmer climate will improve future predictions in
this vulnerable system.
Ten-year return levels of sub-daily extreme precipitation over Europe
Authors: Poschlod Benjamin , Ludwig Ralf , Sillmann Jana
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Information on the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation is required by public authorities, civil security departments, and engineers for the design of buildings and the dimensioning of water management and drainage schemes. Especially for sub-daily resolutions, at which many extreme precipitation events occur, the observational data are sparse in space and time, distributed heterogeneously over Europe, and often not publicly available. We therefore consider it necessary to provide an impact-orientated data set of 10-year rainfall return levels over Europe based on climate model simulations and evaluate its quality. Hence, to standardize procedures and provide comparable results, we apply a high-resolution single-model large ensemble (SMILE) of the Canadian Regional Climate Model version 5 (CRCM5) with 50 members in order to assess the frequency of heavy-precipitation events over Europe between 1980 and 2009. The application of a SMILE enables a robust estimation of extreme-rainfall return levels with the 50 members of 30-year climate simulations providing 1500 years of rainfall data. As the 50 members only differ due to the internal variability in the climate system, the impact of internal variability on the return level values can be quantified. We present 10-year rainfall return levels of hourly to 24 h durations with a spatial resolution of 0.11∘ (12.5 km), which are compared to a large data set of observation-based rainfall return levels of 16 European countries. This observation-based data set was newly compiled and homogenized for this study from 32 different sources. The rainfall return levels of the CRCM5 are able to reproduce the general spatial pattern of extreme precipitation for all sub-daily durations with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients >0.76 for the area covered by observations. Also, the rainfall intensity of the observational data set is in the range of the climate-model-generated intensities in 60 % (77 %, 78 %, 83 %, 78 %) of the area for hourly (3, 6, 12, 24 h) durations. This results in biases between −16.3 % (hourly) to +8.2 % (24 h) averaged over the study area. The range, which is introduced by the application of 50 members, shows a spread of −15 % to +18 % around the median. We conclude that our data set shows good agreement with the observations for 3 to 24 h durations in large parts of the study area. However, for an hourly duration and topographically complex regions such as the Alps and Norway, we argue that higher-resolution climate model simulations are needed to improve the results. The 10-year return level data are publicly available (Poschlod, 2020; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878887).
IoT-based 4-dimensional high-density electrical instrument for
geophysical prospecting
Authors: Zhou Keyu , Zhang Qisheng , Liu Yongdong , Wu Zhen , Lin Zucan , Zhao Bentian , Jiang Xingyuan , Li Pengyu
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The high-density electrical method is a primary method used in shallow geophysical prospecting. With the rapid industrial development of recent years, the function and performance of high-density electrical instruments have been considerably improved in several aspects. However, most of the electrical instruments currently available on the market still exhibit some shortcomings, such as being bulky, heavy, limited in their data acquisition accuracy, and difficult to connect to the Internet for remote monitoring. To address these problems, this study developed a new multifunctional 4-dimensional (4D) high-density electrical instrument based on remote wireless communication technology. The system is small and lightweight, includes an integrated transceiver, has high data acquisition accuracy, and is capable of remote wireless real-time control. In this study, the hardware circuit was designed. The Arm all-in-one (AIO) LJD-eWinV5-ST7 with a 154.4 cm × 87 cm, 800 × 480 high-brightness wide-temperature-range display is used as the host computer, which has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, and abundant hardware resources. IoT technology is incorporated in the system, and a 4G module is employed to provide a real-time remote control and data acquisition monitoring system based on the cloud platform. Tests showed that this instrument is stable and convenient to use and can meet the requirements for use in field prospecting.
PLUME-MoM-TSM 1.0.0: a volcanic column and umbrella cloud spreading model
Authors: de' Michieli Vitturi Mattia , Pardini Federica
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we present a new version of PLUME-MoM, a 1-D integral volcanic plume model based on the method of moments for the description of the polydispersity in solid particles. The model describes the steady-state dynamics of a plume in a 3-D coordinate system, and a modification of the two-size moment (TSM) method is adopted to describe changes in grain size distribution along the plume, associated with particle loss from plume margins and with particle aggregation. For this reason, the new version is named PLUME-MoM-TSM. For the first time in a plume model, the full Smoluchowski coagulation equation is solved, allowing us to quantify the formation of aggregates during the rise of the plume. In addition, PLUME-MOM-TSM allows us to model the phase change of water, which can be either magmatic, added at the vent as liquid from external sources, or incorporated through ingestion of moist atmospheric air. Finally, the code includes the possibility to simulate the initial spreading of the umbrella cloud intruding from the volcanic column into the atmosphere. A transient shallow-water system of equations models the intrusive gravity current, allowing computation of the upwind spreading. The new model is applied first to the eruption of the Calbuco volcano in southern Chile in April 2015 and then to a sensitivity analysis of the upwind spreading of the umbrella cloud to mass flow rate and meteorological conditions (wind speed and humidity). This analysis provides an analytical relationship between the upwind spreading and some observable characteristic of the volcanic column (height of the neutral buoyancy level and plume bending), which can be used to better link plume models and volcanic-ash transport and dispersion models.
S2P3-R v2.0: computationally efficient modelling of shelf seas
on regional to global scales
Authors: Halloran Paul R. , McWhorter Jennifer K. , Arellano Nava Beatriz , Marsh Robert , Skirving William
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The marine impacts of climate change on our societies will be largely felt through coastal waters and shelf seas. These impacts involve sectors as diverse as tourism, fisheries and energy production. Projections of future marine climate change come from global models. Modelling at the global scale is required to capture the feedbacks and large-scale transport of physical properties such as heat, which occur within the climate system, but global models currently cannot provide detail in the shelf-seas. Version 2 of the regional implementation of the Shelf Sea Physics and Primary Production (S2P3-R v2.0) model bridges the gap between global projections and local shelf-sea impacts. S2P3-R v2.0 is a highly simplified coastal shelf model, computationally efficient enough to be run across the shelf seas of the whole globe. Despite the simplified nature of the model, it can display regional skill comparable to state-of-the-art models, and at the scale of the global (excluding high-latitudes) shelf-seas can explain > 50 % of the interannual SST variability in ~60 % of grid cells, and > 80 % of interannual variability in ~20 % of grid cells. The model can be run at any resolution for which the input data can be supplied, without expert technical knowledge, and using a modest off-the-shelf computer. The accessibility of S2P3-R v2.0 places it within reach of an array of coastal managers and policy makers. S2P3-R v2.0 is set up to be driven directly with output from reanalysis products or daily atmospheric output from climate models such as those which contribute to the 6th phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project, making it a valuable tool for semi-dynamical downscaling of climate projections. The updates introduced into version 2.0 of this model are primarily focused around the ability to geographical relocate the model, model usability and speed, but also scientific improvements. The value of this model comes from its computational efficiency, which necessitates simplicity. This simplicity leads to several limitations, which are discussed in the context of evaluation at regional and global scales.
Decision tree-based detection of blowing snow events
in the European Alps
Authors: Xie Zhipeng , Ma Weiqiang , Ma Yaoming , Hu Zeyong , Sun Genhou , Han Yizhe , Hu Wei , Su Rongmingzhu , Fan Yixi
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Blowing snow processes are crucial in shaping the strongly heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution of snow, and in regulating subsequent snowpack evolution in mountainous terrain. Although empirical formulae and a constant threshold wind speed have been widely used to estimate the occurrence of blowing snow in regions with sparse observations, the scarcity of in-situ observations in mountainous regions contrasts with the demands of models for reliable observations at high spatiotemporal resolution. Therefore, these methods struggle to accurately capture the high local variability of blowing snow. This study investigated the potential capability of the decision tree model (DTM) to detect blowing snow in the European Alps. The DTMs were constructed based on routine meteorological observations (mean wind speed, maximum wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity). Twenty repetitions of random sub-sampling validation test with an optimal size ratio (0.8) between the training and validation subset were applied to train and assess the DTMs. Results show that the maximum wind speed contributes most to the classification accuracy, and the inclusion of more predictor variables improves the overall accuracy. However, the spatiotemporal transferability of the DTM might be limited if divergent distributions exist between stations. Although both the site-specific DTMs and site-independent DTM show strong performance for accurately detecting blowing snow, specific assessment indicators varied between stations and surface conditions. Events for which blowing snow and snowfall occurred simultaneously were detected the most reliably. Although models failed to fully reproduce the high frequency of local blowing snow events, they have been demonstrated a promising approach requiring limited meteorological variables and have the potential to scale to multiple stations across different regions.
Creating Agents of Change through Doctoral Learning
Authors: Statti Aubrey L. C. , Torres Kelly M.
Published: March 2021

The proposed article seeks to provide a case study of a doctoral program aspiring to create change through student progress and provide an overview of how they have structured program curricula to promote academic and professional growth and empower students to become global leaders. Further, this proposed article is focused on providing a focus on the importance of learning technologies and how doctoral students develop the skill sets and expertise needed to employ technology into educational and organizational contexts to enhance academic outcomes, instructional approaches, and employee productivity. Particularly, information will be provided on the importance of providing students access to cutting edge technologies that are transforming the landscape of educational and organizational learning.
Embedding Activism in a STEM EdD Program
Authors: Miller Bridget , Bogiages Christopher , Yow Jan , Lotter Christine
Published: March 2021

This article shares an example of how one STEM EdD program embeds activism throughout their program. The authors share examples of readings and assignments across the program geared towards helping students think about and enact activism within the STEM disciplines. The STEM EdD mission offers insight into the foundations of the program. Then, specific examples from the following courses or course sequences are given: Action Research, Project-Based Learning, Research Methods in STEM Education, Advanced Readings in Mathematics Education, and Principles of Engineering in STEM Education. A conclusion offers some final thoughts about the ongoing development of the STEM EdD program to help our students grow as graduates who focus on equity and diversity in STEM education.
LA EDUCACIÓN FINANCIERA COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA PLANEAR EL PROYECTO DE VIDA
Authors: Rincón Olmos Luz Marina
Published: March 2021

Cuando hablamos de educación financiera a la mayoría de las personas, incluida la población joven, les parece un tema ajeno a ellos y propio de personas expertas y formadas en estas áreas del conocimiento.
COLOMBIA Y LA EVASIÓN FISCAL
Authors: Parrado Carrillo Francy Jasbleidy
Published: March 2021

Comenzaré diciendo que la evasión o fraude fiscal es aquella actividad ilícita en la que incurren personas o empresas cuando ocultan bienes o ingresos a las autoridades tributarias o sobre valoran conceptos deducibles con el fin de pagar menos impuestos de los que legalmente les corresponden.
EL RETO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PARA PYMES EN LA ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Cárdenas Otaya Luis Alberto
Published: March 2021

Ciencia y tecnología evolucionan a una velocidad por encima de su implementación, no es extraño para nadie que una vez un avance tecnológico es puesto en circulación ya estamos escuchando las promesas de su sucesor. Esta situación ha implicado para las grandes empresas una disposición de inversión en I+D que ha crecido exponencialmente los últimos 100 años
VISIÓN 2030 HACIA LA COMPETITIVIDAD COMO PAÍS
Authors: Velásquez Bermúdez Juan Felipe
Published: March 2021

Estamos en un punto importante para generar cambios estructurales, entre 2002 y 2014, Colombia atravesó un periodo de bonaza por los precios de los commodities, en el crecimiento económico fue acelerado y se lograron avances significativos en materia social y eco - nómica, como lo fueron el aumento de la clase media y la reducción significativa de la pobreza, así como el incremento de la inversión nacional y extranjera.
FOTOGRAFÍA Y CREATIVIDAD
Authors: López de La Cruz Breiner
Published: March 2021

Desde el mercadeo y publicidad, la creación de imágenes en asignaturas como Publicidad y fotografía, se vuelven una herramienta que facilita llamar la atención de su público objetivo y por consiguiente, acercar el producto a los consumidores.
Oportunidades para abordar del riesgo cardiometabólico residual del paciente con DM2 en Atención Primaria
Authors: Mora Navarro Gustavo , Cárdenas de Miguel Almudena , Menéndez Ortega Myriam , Urbina Juez Ane , Gómez García María Carmen
Published: March 2021

Tres casos clínicos que abarcan todos los aspectos cardiometabólicos
Understanding and solving water security in Kazakhstan
Authors: Khaibullina Zhaniya
Published: March 2021

Awareness of the special role of water and its exceptional social significance in terms of human rights to safe and reasonably clean water has become the basis for solving the problem of ensuring water security. In terms of water availability, Kazakhstan is one of the most scarce countries in Central Asia. Despite the fact that the Institute of Geography initiated the development of a specialized scientific and technical program “Resource Assessment and Forecast of the Use of Natural Waters of Kazakhstan under Anthropogenic and Climate-related Changes”, supported by the Secretariat of the Security Council and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, issues of water supply regulation in the country, water savings even at the household level remain open. Kazakhstan continues to experience water shortages.
In this article, the author tried to identify the main causes of water shortages in Kazakhstan and give a list of recommendations.
Online personal brand in the kazakhstani HR context
Authors: Filipov Milen
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper was to study the importance Kazakhstani HR specialists place on the competitive advantage of an online personal brand of a job candidate provides compared to a CV (Resume). The results showed that the majority of the respondents find the online personal brand of a job candidate valuable. It also influences HR specialists' preselection decisions. However, the CV (Resume) remains as a more informative source compared to an online personal brand. HR specialists rarely or occasionally do online screening. However, they always screen a candidate for top managerial positions. Negative/abusive language, sexually provocative pictures (risquè pictures) or videos, or controversial political, religious, or social opinion posted online might be a reason for disqualification. The research urged the need for implementing a more insightful source of behavioural information about a candidate.
Privatization is one of the main tools for changing the role of the state in the economy
Authors: Khambar Bakhytgul , Chereyeva Bakhytgul
Published: March 2021

This paper examines privatization as one of the effective tools for increasing the share of the private sector in the economy. The authors analyzed the progress of the second wave of privatization in Kazakhstan, as well as the advantages and risks of privatization. On the basis of the analysis, it was concluded that the privatization process also affects the improvement of the activities of private companies. The authors note that for many companies, even preparation for sale contributes to optimization, development of management and internal control systems, analysis of the internal and external environment. At the same time, in connection with the current pandemic crisis, the authors propose to revise the measures related to privatization and postpone it for at least 2 years.