bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la bataille des chiffres à la bataille des mots. Tensions autour de la fabrication d’une crise
Authors: Stratigos Jean-Marie
Published: March 2019

Quand un cyclone frappe l’Asie du Sud Est, un conflit se déclenche au Moyen-Orient, ou un tremblement de terre secoue l’Amérique du Sud, ces événements ne sont pas (re)connus en tant que « crises humanitaires » avant d’avoir été qualifiés, quantifiés puis diffusés. Les individus, animaux, végétaux, lieux, objets qui participent de la « catastrophe » doivent être redéfinis dans le vocabulaire de l’humanitaire pour exister. Les individus deviennent des « sinistrés », des « sans-abris », des « déplacés », des « victimes » ; dans un second temps, ils pourront devenir des « bénéficiaires ». Les bâtiments, les arbres, les champs, les voitures deviennent des « dégâts » ; ils pourront ensuite devenir des projets. Toutes ces catégories nouvellement créées justifient la présence des programmes d’aide, de la communauté humanitaire, de ses personnels et de ses activités. Sans processus de quantification et de qualification, sans diffusion de l’information, la crise n’existe pas, et l’aide humanitaire non plus. La fabrication de la crise est donc un moment essentiel qui repose sur la collecte, la mise en forme et la diffusion de l’information. Ce processus qui repose sur la maîtrise des technologies de l’information et des techniques de la communication est aussi le théâtre de tensions et de compétitions entre les différents acteurs de l’humanitaire qui veulent le contrôler. Sur la base d’un travail ethnographique mené en 2007 et 2008 à Madagascar, ce sont ces tensions entre les humanitaires internationaux et leurs contreparties nationales lors du passage des cyclones Fame et Ivan que nous étudierons dans ce travail.
Le rôle des TIC dans les mouvements contestataires tunisien et égyptien : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Ben Mansour Bader
Published: March 2019

Les TIC ont apporté des changements considérables au niveau des États et des populations ces dernières années. En effet, ces moyens de communication ont joué un rôle considéré comme crucial dans les changements sociaux et politiques dans certains pays. Citoyens, organisations, syndicats ont pu grâce à ces nouvelles technologies communiquer, coordonner, mobiliser, exprimer leurs points de vue, leurs opinions, leurs positions et dénoncer des injustices auxquelles ils sont confrontés. Notre article présente une revue de la littérature sur le rôle des médias sociaux durant les événements du printemps arabe, particulièrement en Tunisie et en Égypte où l’usage de ces nouvelles technologies était abondant. Une vision assez critique a été adoptée. Nous commencerons notre article par la présentation l’aspect communicationnel des mouvements sociaux. Nous analyserons par la suite les mouvements sociaux en ligne, les nouvelles formes de militantisme et nous verrons comment se développe l’architecture de la cyber contestation. Suivra ensuite l’étude du modèle de Granovetter adapté aux événements du printemps arabe. Enfin, nous analyserons le rôle des médias sociaux durant ces soulèvements et finirons notre article par une discussion assez critique des différents travaux réalisés.
Processing of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites in Advanced Engineering and Military Application
Authors: Elehinafe Francis Boluwaji , Ayeni Augustine Omoniyi
Published: March 2019

This chapter gives an overview of polymer-based nanocomposites (PMNC), focusing on the processing. Polymers such as condensation polymers, vinyl polymers, polyolefins, specialty polymers including biodegradable are used in production of PMNC. It is the reinforcement that is in the nanorange size in nanocomposites generally. Reinforcements used are metal powders, silica, clays, and metal oxides. The most important methods of preparing PMNC are intercalation of the polymer or pre-polymer from solution, in-situ intercalative polymerization, melt intercalation, direct mixture of polymer and particulates, template synthesis, in-situ polymerization; and sol-gel process. The structure of polymer-based nanocomposites consists of the matrix material containing the nanosized reinforcement components in the forms of whiskers, particles, nanotubes, fibers, etc. It is clear that polymer-based nanocomposites provide many benefits such as improved properties, minimization of solid wastes films, and lower and improved manufacturing capabilities.
Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites Produced by Dispersing Layered Silicates in Thermoplastic Melts
Authors: Pesetskii S. S. , Bogdanovich S. P. , Aderikha V. N.
Published: March 2019

Results of the studies of technology, structural features and properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites (n-PCM) prepared by melt compounding of thermoplastic polymers are systematized. Special attention is given to the analysis of the effect of nanoclays modification with surfactants on properties of nanocomposites and preparation features of nanomaterials based on polar, non-polar thermoplastics and polymer blends. Effect of technological factors and special compounding regimes in the technology of n-PCM with advanced technical characteristics is considered. Results of the original studies of the structure and properties of the hybrid composites, filled by high modulus fibers in addition to nanoclays, are presented.
Enhanced Cellular Activity on Conducting Polymer
Authors: Borah Rajiv , Kumar Ashok
Published: March 2019

This chapter includes detailed review of the research undertaken with conducting polymer (CP) based composites with chitosan (Ch) for tissue engineering till date. The beneficial role of electrically conductive biomaterials has been discussed with the possible strategies to overcome the shortcomings of CP alone through blending with Ch due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Additionally, this embodiment deals with the optimization and characterization of electrically conductive, biocompatible and biodegradable Polyaniline: Chitosan (PAni:Ch) nanocomposites as cell culture substrates for MDA-MB-231 and NIH 3T3 fibroblast in order to examine the combined effect of nanofiber structure and surface modification on cell-biomaterial interactions. The nanocomposites were further checked as a conductive scaffold for electrical stimulation of a neuronal model PC12 cell line in order to explore the potential of the materials in neural tissue engineering.
The Use of Polymer Nanocomposites in the Aerospace and the Military/Defence Industries
Authors: Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Agboola Oluranti , Mochane Mokgaotsa Jonas , Fasiku Victoria Oluwaseun , Owonubi Shesan John , Ibrahim Idowu David , Abbavaram Babul Reddy , Kupolati Williams Kehinde , Jayaramudu Tippabattini , Uwa Chukwunonso Aghaegbulam , Daramola Oluyemi Ojo , Iheaturu Nnamdi Chibuike , Nkuna Clara , Sanni Samuel Eshorame , Biotidara Olusesan Frank , Eze Azunna Agwo , Varaprasad Kokkarachedu , Adeyeye Oladimeji Adetona , Selatile Koena Mantsopa , Ndamase Abongile Sinawo
Published: March 2019

Previously, applications of composites were limited to the military aerospace. This is because civilian aircraft with composites inclusions was considered to be too expensive. The use of composite in aircrafts, instead of steel, has resulted in lightweight aircraft structures and has consequently reduced the level of fuel consumption and costs of fuel, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Undoubtedly, nanocomposites applications abound in several aspects of human life and the use of nanoparticle in materials dates back to the understanding of the nature of these materials. This chapter will focus on the use of nanopolymers in the aerospace and in the military. Particular attention will be given to nano military weapons, nanocoating for military applications, nanotechnology for military drones, nanotechnology in military suits, gloves, boots and nanotechnology in armored military vehicles, aircraft, and military ships and in military medicine.
Addressing Special Educational Needs in Classroom With Cyber Physical Systems
Authors: Atanasova Aneta Petrova , Yosifova Aleksandra Ivaylova
Published: March 2019

The focus of the current chapter is on humanoid robots as part of inclusive education. The investigation of the perception of and attitude of children and teachers to the application of cyber physical systems in education is essential. The data of a survey of the perception and attitude to the application of cyber physical systems in education of teachers and students from several Bulgarian schools are currently being examined. The attitude of teachers in the current study towards robots is positive. The attitude of students is rather neutral, and the difference between the two populations is statistically significant. Both teachers and students think of the robot as of a humanoid, capable of expression emotions. There is no difference between the attitudes towards the role and appearance of the robot of boys and girls. However, older children demonstrate a more negative attitude than younger children.
Motion Planning Method for In-Pipe Walking Robots Using Height Maps and CNN-Based Pipe Branches Detector
Authors: Savin Sergei
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, the problem of motion planning for an in-pipe walking robot is studied. One of the key parts of motion planning for a walking robot is a step sequence generation. In the case of in-pipe walking robots it requires choosing a series of feasible contact locations for each of the robot's legs, avoiding regions on the inner surface of the pipe where the robot cannot step to, such as pipe branches. The chapter provides an approach to localization of pipe branches, based on deep convolutional neural networks. This allows including the information about the branches into the so-called height map of the pipeline and plan the step sequences accordingly. The chapter shows that it is possible to achieve prediction accuracy better than 0.5 mm for a network trained on a simulation-based dataset.
Analysis of Industrial and Household IoT Data Using Computationally Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Mukherjee Soumen , Bhattacharjee Arup Kumar , Bhattacharya Debabrata , Ghosal Moumita
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, data mining approaches are applied on standard IoT dataset to identify relationship among attributes of the dataset. IoT is not an exception; data mining can be used in this domain also. Various rule-based classifiers and unsupervised classifiers are implemented here. Using these approaches relation between various IoT features are determined based on different properties of classification like support, confidence, etc. For classification, a real-time IoT dataset is used, which consists of household figures collected from various sources over a long duration. A brief comparison is also shown for different classification approaches on the IoT dataset. Kappa coefficient is also calculated for these classification techniques to measure the robustness of these approaches. In this chapter, standard and popular power utilization in household dataset is used to show the association between the different intra-data dependency. Classification accuracy of more than 86% is found with the Almanac of Minutely Power Dataset (AMPds) in the present work.
Machine Learning Applications for Anomaly Detection
Authors: Wahyono Teguh , Heryadi Yaya
Published: March 2019

The aim of this chapter is to describe and analyze the application of machine learning for anomaly detection. The study regarding the anomaly detection is a very important thing. The various phenomena often occur related to the anomaly study, such as the occurrence of an extreme climate change, the intrusion detection for the network security, the fraud detection for e-banking, the diagnosis for engines fault, the spacecraft anomaly detection, the vessel track, and the airline safety. This chapter is an attempt to provide a structured and a broad overview of extensive research on anomaly detection techniques spanning multiple research areas and application domains. Quantitative analysis meta-approach is used to see the development of the research concerned with those matters. The learning is done on the method side, the techniques utilized, the application development, the technology utilized, and the research trend, which is developed.
Distributed Computing for Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Patel Dharmendra Trikamlal
Published: March 2019

In recent years, internet of things (IoT) has expanded due to very good internet infrastructure everywhere. IoT has the ability to create a network of physical things that use embedded technologies in order to sense, converse, cooperate, and team up with other things. IoT-based applications require scalability and fault tolerance, which is very difficult to implement in centralized systems and computing environments. Distributed computing is an ideal solution to implement IoT-based applications. The chapter starts with the basics of distributed computing where difference with centralized computing, challenges, and types of distributed computing applications are discussed. The chapter deals with the role of distributed computing for IoT based on advantages, issues, and related IoT-based applications. The chapter discusses the recent topic of distributed computing—FOG computing—in connection with IoT-based applications. At last, the chapter addresses research and interest trends about distributed computing and IoT.
Deep Learning
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal
Published: March 2019

The vast majority of the examination on profound neural systems so far has been centered on acquiring higher exactness levels by building progressively vast and profound structures. Preparing and assessing these models is just practical when a lot of assets; for example, handling power and memory are easy run of the mill applications that could profit by these models. The system starts handling the compelled gadget and depends on the remote part when the neighborhood part does not give a sufficiently precise outcome. The falling system takes into account a new ceasing component amid the review period of the system. This chapter empowers an entire assortment of independent frameworks where sensors, actuators, and registering hubs can cooperate and demonstrate that the falling design takes into account a free change in assessment speed on obliged gadgets while the misfortune in precision is kept to a base.
Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Dhanda Namrata , Datta Stuti Shukla , Dhanda Mudrika
Published: March 2019

Human intelligence is deeply involved in creating efficient and faster systems that can work independently. Creation of such smart systems requires efficient training algorithms. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to introduce the readers with the concept of machine learning and the commonly employed learning algorithm for developing efficient and intelligent systems. The chapter gives a clear distinction between supervised and unsupervised learning methods. Each algorithm is explained with the help of suitable example to give an insight to the learning process.
Rainfall Prediction Model Using Exponential Smoothing Seasonal Planting Index (ESSPI) For Determination of Crop Planting Pattern
Authors: Hartomo Kristoko Dwi , Prasetyo Sri Yulianto Joko , Anwar Muchamad Taufiq , Purnomo Hindriyanto Dwi
Published: March 2019

The traditional crop farmers rely heavily on rain pattern to decide the time for planting crops. The emerging climate change has caused a shift in the rain pattern and consequently affected the crop yield. Therefore, providing a good rainfall prediction models would enable us to recommend best planting pattern (when to plant) in order to give maximum yield. The recent and widely used rainfall prediction model for determining the cropping patterns using exponential smoothing method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) suffered from short-term forecasting inconsistencies and inaccuracies for long-term forecasting. In this study, the authors developed a new rainfall prediction model which applied exponential smoothing onto seasonal planting index as the basis for determining planting pattern. The results show that the model gives better accuracy than the original exponential smoothing model.
Entrepreneurship Strategies in the Arab World
Authors: Nasereddin Ahmad Yacoub
Published: March 2019

The aim of this chapter is to explore the concept and practical implications of entrepreneurship and its importance in developing new projects, and to encourage Arab youth self-reliance by using entrepreneurship as a tool for creating value and developing successful and unique ideas. This leads to a discussion of entrepreneurship strategies in business, highlighting that the success of any new entrepreneurial projects depends on having appropriate opportunity, sufficient resources, and dedicated leader. Once these factors are in place, the entrepreneurial project must adopt an appropriate strategy, new entry, imitating, or adaptive strategy. The chapter is divided into four parts. The first presents the concepts of leadership and pioneering projects and their importance in community development. The second deals with the analysis of a pilot project. The third deals with analyzing, discussing, evaluating, and criticizing entrepreneurship strategies. And the fourth presents a summary of the subject and a set of recommendations. The chapter is concludes with recommendations and suggests solutions to ensure effectiveness of the adopted entrepreneurship strategy.
The Impact of Board Composition on Corporate Strategy in the Arab Region Context
Authors: Abdel Rahman Ahlam Naser
Published: March 2019

The board of directors plays an essential role in ensuring good corporate governance in any companies or institutes regardless of the size or nature of work. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the impact of board composition on corporate strategy and its contribution to strategic decisions and management monitoring and control of the corporate strategy in Arab organization by examining a case from Jordan. The study adopted analytical descriptive (quantitative) approach; a questionnaire was used for data gathering, and SPSS software was used for data analysis. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to workers in selected companies and banks that are registered in Amman Stock Market, and around 100 responses of members of board of directors (BOD) and other workers were collected and analyzed. The results confirmed the impact of the board on its contribution to the decision process, on the monitoring and controlling strategy, and on its contribution to advising management in Amman Stock Market. The study revealed that the board is primarily responsible for overseeing board performance and achieving a proper return for shareholders, while preventing conflicts of interest and balancing competing demands on the company. The study recommended the need for implementation plans and instructions in order to identify deviations.
Strategic Practices and Crisis Management
Authors: Nasereddin Yacoub Adel , Albadri Fayez
Published: March 2019

Important as it is, crisis has become the hallmark of the present era, making it necessary to confront, contain, and reduce its negative effects. As a science, crisis management is associated with responding to crises, and as an art, it is about making decisions under exceptional pressure in the absence of information. It also needs to follow methodical practices such as strategic thinking, strategic planning, and strategic management to ensure effectiveness. This chapter provides an overview of crisis management as a discipline, highlighting important aspects, such as the definition of crisis and related terms (accident, conflict, danger, and disaster), concepts, causes, and characteristics, and distinguishing between crisis management and management crisis in practice. The study also outlines a typical crisis life cycle and its phases (shock phase, regression phase, recognition phase, and adaptation phase). The research then moves to identifying crisis management strategies, defining preventive strategy technique, emphasizing the importance of effective strategic practices in crisis management, and minimizing their impact. The research concludes by proposing a model to increase the effectiveness of crisis management through effective strategic practices at the state level.
Making Social Media More Social
Authors: Trucks Elia
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores how academic libraries have used social media for broadcasting information, responsive communication, and engagement. Many libraries focus on the marketing aspect of social media, since it is a successful method of promoting events, services, and resources. However, exclusively using social media as a marketing tool ignores the best part of social media: the connections it fosters between people. The online community is just an extension of the in-person community that the academic library serves. This chapter examines the state of the literature on libraries' use of social media through the lens of increasing engagement and connections with the community as the key to successful social media.
Diversifying Content Across Social Media Platforms
Authors: Clarke Maggie , Eslami Jillian
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, the authors describe how a committee of librarians' project to revamp the social media presence at a public comprehensive university library has helped foster deeper student engagement. By temporarily restructuring the library social media committee into subcommittees and assigning each one a single social media platform, librarians were able to develop stronger understanding of the content, norms, and audience of each platform and create more diverse and targeted content for each. This change has resulted in increased interaction with students across all platforms leading to higher attendance at library events. Preliminary findings also suggest that increased student engagement has the potential to illuminate opportunities for partnership across campus.
Approaches to Cloud Computing in the Public Sector
Authors: Chang Jeffrey , Johnston Mark
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing refers to a scalable network infrastructure where consumers receive IT services such as software and data storage through the Internet on a subscription basis. Potential benefits include cost savings, simpler IT and reduced energy consumption. The UK government and local authorities, like commercial organisations, are considering cloud-based services. Concerns have been raised, however, over issues such as security, access, data protection and ownership. This study attempts to investigate the likely impact of cloud computing on local government based on a conceptual framework and case studies of four London borough councils. It reveals that the concept of cloud computing is new and not clearly understood. Local authorities, who face further cuts in government funding, welcome a cloud-based IT infrastructure which may lead to considerable savings. Yet local government is conservative, so with their risk-adverse attitude local authorities are more likely to adopt a hybrid approach to implementation.
A Security Framework for Secure Cloud Computing Environments
Authors: Jouini Mouna , Rabai Latifa Ben Arfa
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing technology is a relatively new concept of providing scalable and virtualized resources, software and hardware on demand to consumers. It presents a new technology to deliver computing resources as a service. It offers a variety of benefits like services on demand and provisioning and suffers from several weaknesses. In fact, security presents a major obstacle in cloud computing adoption. In this paper, the authors will deal with security problems in cloud computing systems and show how to solve these problems using a quantitative security risk assessment model named Multi-dimensional Mean Failure Cost (M2FC). In fact, they summarize first security issues related to cloud computing environments and then propose a generic framework that analysis and evaluate cloud security problems and then propose appropriate countermeasures to solve these problems.
Information Security Innovation
Authors: Eloff Jan H. P. , Eloff Mariki M. , Bella Madeleine A. Bihina , Isherwood Donovan , Dlamini Moses T. , Ngassam Ernest Ketcha
Published: March 2019

The increasing demand for online and real-time interaction with IT infrastructures by end users is facilitated by the proliferation of user-centric devices such as laptops, iPods, iPads, and smartphones. This trend is furthermore propounded by the plethora of apps downloadable to end user devices mostly within mobile-cum-cloud environments. It is clear that there are many evidences of innovation with regard to end user devices and apps. Unfortunately, little, if any, information security innovation took place over the past number of years with regard to the consumption of security services by end users. This creates the need for innovative security solutions that are human-centric and flexible. This chapter presents a framework for consuming loosely coupled (but interoperable) cloud-based security services by a variety of end users in an efficient and flexible manner using their mobile devices.
Modeling the Ranking of Evaluation Criteria for Cloud Services
Authors: Kushagra Kshitij , Dhingra Sanjay
Published: March 2019

The cloud market has become increasingly dense as vendors of all size compete for customers who have gravitated to technology as a way to run their operations. Today traditional players, as well as new vendors, are showing greater agility in the cloud business of India. At present, there are limited industry standards for the cloud-related businesses to assess their services. End-user government departments are puzzled as to which CSP is best suited for their requirements. An evaluation of cloud service providers should not only be driven by cost, but importance should also be given towards service provider ability and commitment to deliver the services. The absence of a common framework to assess the evaluation criteria of CSPs, combined with the fact that no two CSPs are the same, complicates the matter of CSP selection. This article proposes a framework for ranking of evaluation criteria for CSPs. The framework leverages the capability analysis of CSPs, measurable metrics and ranks the evaluation criteria for assessing the best CSP suitable for end-user government organizations.
An Authentication Technique for Accessing De-Duplicated Data From Private Cloud Using One Time Password
Authors: Mohan Prakash , Chelliah Saravanakumar
Published: March 2019

Objective: The main aim is to de-duplicate the redundant files in the cloud and also to improve the security of files in public cloud service by assigning privileges to the documents when it is uploaded by confidential user. Methods: To achieve the objective the authors have used the AES algorithm to encrypt the file stored after de-duplication in the cloud. De-duplication is done based on comparison of contents, file type and size. For an authorized user to access the file from the cloud, generation of OTP using SSL protocol is adopted. Findings: Files uploaded in the cloud are encrypted using traditional encryption algorithms which don't provide high levels of security. Files can be accessed by anyone who is authorized. Privileges are not considered. During de-duplication, only the name and size of the files are considered. Application: Files within the public cloud can't be viewed by everyone who has registered with the cloud. Those who have the respective privileges can only view the file. Proof of Ownership is assured. Since de-duplication is done based on the content redundancy within the cloud storage is avoided. Usage of OTP ensures that the content is viewed by the individuals who have the respective privileges related to the file. These concepts provide additional security to the files stored in the public environment.
Strategic Planning for Cloud Computing Adoption in STEM Education
Authors: Weber Alan S.
Published: March 2019

This chapter describes effective strategic analysis and implementation methods for the adoption of cloud computing services (infrastructure, platforms, and software) in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. The benefits of cloud computing, including lower costs, scalability and virtualization capabilities, have been recognized and adopted by major educational, governmental and research institutions internationally during the last five years. However, the term ‘cloud computing' was only recently clarified in 2011 in the NIST's standard definition published by Mell and Grance (2012) as “a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” Despite the increasing clarity in defining cloud computing, the deployment models can be complex, encompassing hybrid, public, community and private cloud frameworks, all with varying levels of privacy, security, and trust. Data format, integrity, and portability as well as geographical server location represent additional factors that educational institutions must weigh when they consider adopting a cloud solution for their educational needs. The chapter provides advice on how to strategically plan for the use of cloud computing services and how to identify, weigh and assess the various factors in decision-making. Just as with e-learning when it was found at the end of the 1990s that purely online technological approaches were not as effective as pedagogical models (blended learning) which took into account human factors such as student motivation, teacher training, technological illiteracy, etc., the author suggests that a holistic technology adoption process that includes needs assessment and stakeholder engagement will be the most successful.
The Dynamic Data Privacy Protection Strategy Based on the CAP Theory
Authors: Sun Xinwei , Wei Zhang
Published: March 2019

With the rapid development of cloud storage technology, the cloud storage platform has gradually been used to store data. However, the privacy protection strategy provided by public cloud storage platform is hard to be trust by users. Moreover, they are unable to customize their own storage strategy according to their demands. This study proposed a consistency-availability-partition tolerance (CAP) theory -based data privacy protection strategy, which firstly employed CAP theory to provide privacy data protection for users and then offer users with choice to select corresponding privacy strategy to store data. Moreover, a total of three privacy protection strategies were put forward, focusing on the balance between data consistency and response time, data consistency and data availability, as well as response time and availability respectively.
Role of Agents to Enhance the Security and Scalability in Cloud Environment
Authors: Malhotra Manisha , Singh Aarti
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is a novel paradigm that changes the industry viewpoint of inventing, developing, deploying, scaling, updating, maintaining, and paying for applications and the infrastructure on which they are deployed. Due to dynamic nature of cloud computing it is quite easy to increase the capacity of hardware or software, even without investing on purchases of it. This feature of cloud computing is named as scalability which is one of the main concern in cloud environment. This chapter presents the architecture of scalability by using mobile agents. It also highlights the other main issues prevailing in cloud paradigm. Further it presents the hybrid architecture for data security which is also the one of major concern of it. This chapter mainly highlights the solution for scalability and security.
Classification of File Data Based on Confidentiality in Cloud Computing Using K-NN Classifier
Authors: Zardari Munwar Ali , Jung Low Tang
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is a new paradigm model that offers different services to its customers. The increasing number of users for cloud services i.e. software, platform or infrastructure is one of the major reasons for security threats for customers' data. Some major security issues are highlighted in data storage service in the literature. Data of thousands of users are stored on a single centralized place where the possibility of data threat is high. There are many techniques discussed in the literature to keep data secure in the cloud, such as data encryption, private cloud and multiple clouds concepts. Data encryption is used to encrypt the data or change the format of the data into the unreadable format that unauthorized users could not understand even if they succeed to get access of the data. Data encryption is very expensive technique, it takes time to encrypt and decrypt the data. Deciding the security approach for data security without understanding the security needs of the data is a technically not a valid approach. It is a basic requirement that one should understand the security level of data before applying data encryption security approach. To discover the data security level of the data, the authors used machine learning approach in the cloud. In this paper, a data classification approach is proposed for the cloud and is implemented in a virtual machine named as Master Virtual Machine (Vmm). Other Vms are the slave virtual machines which will receive from Vmm the classified information for further processing in cloud. In this study the authors used three (3) virtual machines, one master Vmm and two slaves Vms. The master Vmm is responsible for finding the classes of the data based on its confidentiality level. The data is classified into two classes, confidential (sensitive) and non-confidential (non-sensitive/public) data using K-NN algorithm. After classification phase, the security phase (encryption phase) shall encrypt only the confidential (sensitive) data. The confidentiality based data classification is using K-NN in cloud virtual environment as the method to encrypt efficiently the only confidential data. The proposed approach is efficient and memory space friendly and these are the major findings of this work.
Cloud Computing Data Storage Security Based on Different Encryption Schemes
Authors: Hamidine Hicham , Mahmood Ausif
Published: March 2019

Cloud Computing (CC) became one of the prominent solutions that organizations do consider to minimize and lean their information technology infrastructure cost by fully utilizing their resources. However, with all the benefits that CC promises, there are many security issues that discourage clients from making the necessary decision to easily embrace the cloud. To encourage the use of CC, clients need to be able to strategically plan their future investments without the uncertainties of security issues that come with hosting their data in the cloud. This chapter will discuss different mitigation techniques and the common proposed security algorithm schemes for data storage encryption based on classical “symmetric and asymmetric” and with an emphasis on fully homomorphic encryption schemes.
Healthcare SaaS Based on a Data Model With Built-In Security and Privacy
Authors: Asija Ruchika , Nallusamy Rajarathnam
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is a major technology enabler for providing efficient services at affordable costs by reducing the costs of traditional software and hardware licensing models. As it continues to evolve, it is widely being adopted by healthcare organisations. But hosting healthcare solutions on cloud is challenging in terms of security and privacy of health data. To address these challenges and to provide security and privacy to health data on the cloud, the authors present a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) application with a data model with built-in security and privacy. This data model enhances security and privacy of the data by attaching security levels in the data itself expressed in the form of XML instead of relying entirely on application level access controls. They also present the performance evaluation of their application using this data model with different scaling indicators. To further investigate the adoption of IT and cloud computing in Indian healthcare industry they have done a survey of some major hospitals in India.
Semantic++ Electronic Commerce Architecture and Models in Cloud
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Li Chao , Zhang Yong , Xing Chunxiao , Xue Sixin , Liu Yuenan
Published: March 2019

Electronic commerce is playing a more and more important role in today's commercial activities. In this chapter, the authors propose a kind of new electronic commerce architecture in the cloud and give two kinds of new electronic commerce models. This chapter opens the discussion of why we need to design a new architecture in the cloud environment. Firstly, the authors have a discussion about the semantic++ computing. After the discussion, they give the architecture that can satisfy the requirements in the cloud. This architecture mainly includes five technologies, which are the massive EC data storage technology in the cloud, the massive EC data processing technology in the cloud, the EC security management technology in the cloud, OLAP technology for EC in the cloud, and active EC technology in the cloud. Then, the authors propose two kinds of semantic++ electronic commerce models based on big data. These two models are the new electronic commerce models. The first model is semantic++ electronic commerce Q/A (Questions/Answers) model and another is the active semantic++ electronic commerce model. These two models are all based on big data. Finally, the authors conclude this chapter and give future work.
Better Security and Encryption Within Cloud Computing Systems
Authors: Williams K. Y. B. , Griffin Jimmy A. G.
Published: March 2019

Better security and encryption is necessary with regard to all forms of Cloud Computing, Cloud Infrastructure, and Cloud Storage. Areas that are affected the hardest by security breaches include: retail/e-commerce, communications, transportation, and banking. Illustrated within this article are ways that companies such as Walmart, Verizon, Wells-Fargo, and BWM would be affected by a lapse in security and/or a breach in their Cloud Infrastructure. In this article issues that can magnify these breaches and data loss is discussed as it relates to Cloud Structure and Cloud Services based on known vulnerabilities and lack of product testing. This article concludes with why it is necessary to have Public Policies as part of the governing system on Cloud Computing, Cloud Infrastructure, and Cloud Storage
Modelling of Cloud Computing Enablers Using MICMAC Analysis and TISM
Authors: Chawla Nitin , Kumar Deepak
Published: March 2019

This article describes how Cloud Computing is not just a buzzword but a shift from IT departments to the outsourcing vendors without impacting business efficiency. Some organizations are moving towards cloud computing but many have resistance to adopting cloud computing due to limitations in knowledge and awareness of the classifying elements, which effect decisions on the acceptance of cloud computing. Therefore, this article has focused on accumulating the elements, which can act as enablers, by reviewing existing literature and studies from both professional and academic viewpoints. All the identified enablers have been structurally modeled to develop the relationship matrix and establish the driving power and dependence power of every element. This is done by employing Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) and Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis.
A Credible Cloud Service Model Based on Behavior Graphs and Tripartite Decision-Making Mechanism
Authors: Tian Junfeng , Zhang He
Published: March 2019

The credibility of cloud service is the key to the success of the application of cloud services. The dual servers of master server and backup server are applied to cloud services, which can improve the availability of cloud services. In the past, the failures between master server and backup server could be detected by heartbeat algorithm. Because of lacking cloud user's evaluation, the authors put forward a credible cloud service model based on behavior Graphs and tripartite decision-making mechanism. By the quantitative of cloud users' behaviors evidences, the construction of behavior Graphs and the judgment of behavior, they select the most credible cloud user. They combine the master server, the backup server and the selected credible cloud user to determine the credibility of cloud service by the tripartite decision-making mechanism. Finally, according to the result of credible judgment, the authors could decide whether it will be switched from the master server to the backup server.
Cryptographic Cloud Computing Environment as a More Trusted Communication Environment
Authors: Jasim Omer K. , Abbas Safia , El-Horbaty El-Sayed M. , Salem Abdel-Badeeh M.
Published: March 2019

Cloud Communication Environment is an internet-based computing, where shared resources, software, and information are provided with computers and devices on-demand. They guarantee a way to share distributed resources and services that belong to different organizations. In order to develop cloud computing applications, security and trust to share data through distributed resources must be assured. This paper offers a study of the different mechanisms used in open cloud environments such as keys generation and management, and encryption/decryption algorithms. In addition, the paper proposes a new cryptographic environment, annotated as “CCCE” that deploys the combination between quantum key distribution mechanisms (QKD) and advanced encryption standard (AES), and demonstrates how quantum mechanics can be applied to improve computation.
Data Integrity in Mobile Cloud Computing
Authors: Majumder Abhishek , Nath Samir , Das Avijit
Published: March 2019

With the help of cloud computing Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) overcomes the limitations of a mobile device such as security, performance and environment. But, security of the data stored in the cloud is a very challenging issue. Since the cloud cannot be fully trusted, data stored in the cloud is not fully secured. Integrity of the stored data is very important for the data owner. Therefore, it is a big problem to maintain the integrity of the data stored in the cloud environment. This chapter discusses existing schemes for data integrity in the mobile cloud environment. In this chapter a scheme has been proposed for enhancing data integrity in Mobile Cloud Environment. To make integrity checking fast the size of the data file is used. It has also been shown that how fast the integrity loss can be detected if the file size is considered. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with some of the existing scheme.
Cloud Security Using 2-Factor Image Authentication Technique
Authors: Agarwal Ratish , Pandey Anjana , Pawar Mahesh
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is being anticipated as the infrastructural basis of tomorrow's IT industry and continues to be a topic of interest of many new emerging IT firms. Cloud can deliver resources and services to computers and devices through internet. Since Cloud Computing involves outsourcing of sensitive data and critical information the security aspects of cloud need to be dealt carefully. Strong authentication, focusing mainly on user-authentication, acts as a pre-requisite for access control in the cloud environment. In this paper we discuss an efficient authentication mechanism to deal with the security threats that are faced by cloud. The method proposed in this paper prevents the confidential data and information of end users stored in a private cloud from unauthorized access by using a two-factor authentication involving shared image concept in addition with encrypted key authentication.MD5 hashing technique is used which takes binary pixel value of image as input and convert it into a 128-bit hash value. The overall process of authentication has been shown through experimental result and implementation which shows a series of snapshots taken from the chapter.
The Benefits of Cloud Computing
Authors: Chatzithanasis Georgios , Michalakelis Christos
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is gaining ground in the global ICT market and day by day a significant number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are adopting cloud services with sole purpose to improve their business environment and become more efficient, competitive and productive. Migrating a business IT infrastructure to the cloud offers reduction on server and storage costs, software maintenance expenditures, network and energy expenses as well as costs associated with disaster recovery. Since the cloud computing model works on a “pay-as-you-go” basis, it provides the option to pay for what is used. Thus, its adoption can offer slow start-up or expansion costs, creating an environment for rapid innovation and development. Into that context, this article presents the Greek side of cloud evolution through two representative case studies, the migration of an IT system of a Greek industry, from an in-house data center to Google Cloud and a study of the “in-house” IT infrastructure of the National Confederation of Hellenic Commerce. Findings from the Greek industry, indicate that the cloud proposal could cost 50%, or 24% less per month (depending on the solution). As far as the National Confederation of Hellenic Commerce is concerned, the article proposes only a new measure of security using Cloud services for reasons that will be discussed at the case study. Both case studies take into account the present costs of the IT system (energy consumption, third party contracts and maintenance) and propose alternatives through cloud migration. Results indicate that cloud computing offers benefits and significant cost savings for both studied cases, showing promising ways for the successful adoption of the cloud.
Why We Disclose Personal Information Despite Cybersecurity Risks and Vulnerabilities
Authors: Offor Patrick I.
Published: March 2019

Is it fair to say that the disclosure of personal information, in an online setting, is voluntary or due to incentivization, cognitive risk-benefit analysis, cognitive predisposition, or based on information sensitivity, whereas our personal information is being collected, knowingly and forcibly most of the time, and unknowingly and inadvertently at other times? While the collection of personal information is necessary to organizations and online users alike, in completing online transactions, the issue is the collection of additional non-pertinent information that serves only organizations' prescriptive and predictive analytics and their business interests, and not the users'. Most study on the phenomenon have centered on voluntary or willful disclosure, and on technical collections. This article examines the phenomenon based on the concept of the obligatory passage point and found that online users disclose their personal information online mostly because the information are designated as required in an online setting, contrary to conventional beliefs.
The Attitudes of Chinese Organizations Towards Cloud Computing
Authors: Issa Tomayess , Duan Yuchao , Issa Theodora , Chang Vanessa
Published: March 2019

Cloud Computing become a significant factor in E-commerce and E-business processes and will reduce negative IT impacts on the environment without compromising the needs of future generations. This chapter aim to examine the attitudes of Chinese Organizations towards Cloud Computing adoption. This chapter provides an answer to the question: “What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cloud Computing adoption in Chinese organizations?” The answer was sought by means of an online survey of (N=121) respondents. The survey results revealed the Chinese position regarding the cloud movement, its strengths and weaknesses, the threats posed by Cloud Computing in China, and the specific advantages and disadvantages of this new technology that Chinese organizations and research communities should embrace for the realization of future cloud systems.