bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Nietzsche
Authors: Lemm Vanessa
Published: May 2018

Readers of Giorgio Agamben would agree that the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) is not one of his primary interlocutors. As such, Agamben’s engagement with Nietzsche is different from the French reception of Nietzsche’s philosophy in Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Georges Bataille, as well as in his contemporary Italian colleague Roberto Esposito, for whom Nietzsche’s philosophy is a key point of reference in their thinking of politics beyond sovereignty. Agamben’s stance towards the thought of Nietzsche may seem ambiguous to some readers, in particular with regard to his shifting position on Nietzsche’s much-debated vision of the eternal recurrence of the same.
Plotinus
Authors: Björk Mårten
Published: May 2018

The philosophy of Plotinus plays a contradictory role in Giorgio Agamben’s corpus. He comments on Plotinus in a lapidary fashion in several articles and essays before commencing the Homo Sacer series, where he undertakes a longer and more ambiguous analysis of Plotinus in Opus Dei and The Use of Bodies. In Opus Dei, Agamben develops the brief criticism of Plotinus he proposed in The Kingdom and theGlory in order to describe the crucial instance when Western metaphysics starts to designate being as operativity: ‘The place and moment when classical ontology begins that process of transformation that will lead to the Christian and modern ontology is the theory of the hypostases in Plotinus’ (OD 58). Agamben is referring to the development in the Enneads of the idea of the three hypostases of being – the One, the Soul and the Intellect – from which the whole complex of reality emanates.
Jacques Derrida
Authors: Brower Virgil W.
Published: May 2018

There’s kinship, no doubt. Traces of Derrida ever haunt Agamben, brilliantly, even in the dark. He is expressly ingratiated by ‘Derrida’s critique of the metaphysical tradition‘ (LD 39, original italics). Amid the myriad of his coeval influences, it is certainly worth considering that Derrida is Agamben’s ‘primary contemporary interlocutor’. His ‘critical engagement with deconstruction can indeed be identified as the context out of which emerge almost all of his key concepts’.2 Attell offers compelling discussions of this polemical relationship with regard to voicing language, sovereignty and animality. The former accounts for Agamben’s direct textual engagements with Derrida which, for the most part, address his earlier works, specifically Of Grammatology, Voice and Phenomena and Margins of Philosophy. To address his contemporary intellectual situation, Agamben roots himself in that one he finds most rooted, dedicating an early essay, ‘Pardes‘, to Derrida, which hails him as ‘the philosopher who has perhaps most radically taken account’ of the ‘crisis […] of terminology [that] is the proper situation of thought today …’ (PO 208). Here, Agamben mounts a deferential defence against caricaturisations of deconstruction (oft heard to this day) as a hermeneutical relativism of infinite deferral: ‘[I]t would be the worst misunderstanding of Derrida’s gesture to think that it could be exhausted in a deconstructive use of philosophical terms that would simply consign them to an infinite wandering or interpretation’ (PO 209).
Scotland as a Site of Nihilistic Sacrifice
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, the films The Wicker Man, Breaking the Waves, and NEDs are shown to illustrate Nietzsche’s stages of sacrifice leading toward total nihilism. These stages consist of the literal sacrifice of human beings to a god, the sacrifice of one’s own instincts to a god, and the sacrifice of God Himself. It is argued that in The Wicker Man and Breaking the Waves, the first two stages appear in conjunction with a view of sacrifice that is economical in nature. These films, set in rural Scotland, draw on the myths of Tartantry and the Kailyard, in order to evoke a time when the gods (or God) are still alive. In NEDs, the third stage of sacrifice is illustrated in conjunction with an aneconomical view of sacrifice that draws on the myth of Clydesideism in order to depict a modern world in which God has died.
Monstrous Masses: The Human Body as Raw Material
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines The Human Centipede, Nymphomaniac, and Videodrome; films that push the boundaries of human objectification. The chapter draws on the works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Jean-Paul Sartre, highlighting an ontological distinction between being “in-itself” and being “for-itself.” It is argued that though the objectification of key characters in these films, on the one hand, promotes a sort of nihilistic reduction of humans to meaningless bodies in motion, on the other hand, this same reduction potentially provokes a sense of sympathy in viewers who are also embodied, and thus can see their own condition reflected in the experiences of the characters who suffer on screen. Depictions of others as meaningless matter remind audiences of their own corporeal nature (being in-itself), disgusting, titillating, and amusing them, but also potentially moving them to empathize with the consciousnesses presumed by analogy with themselves to exist within the bodies depicted on screen (being for-itself).
Introduction: Confrontations
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

Once awareness of nihilism has been awakened by an encounter with the abyss, there is a choice to be made. How do we respond? Do we now collapse into passive despair, or do we defiantly push forward, feeling our way through the darkness, striking out on a path leading nowhere? With the death of God, the collapse of objective meaning and the revelation of an absurd void underling human life, it becomes apparent that nothing remains outside of ourselves to compel aspiration. If we are to avoid utter despondency, we must turn attention inward, toward our own powers of creative imagination, making the resolute decision to become self-motivated....
The Lure of the Mob: Cinematic Depictions of Skinhead Authenticity
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on films featuring neo-Nazi skinheads. The films Romper Stomper, American History X, and The Believer are examined and found to contain examples of characters who, despite their racism and violence, are depicted in a sympathetic light. The ideas of Martin Heidegger are draw upon to demonstrate that this sympathetic depiction is dependent upon the fact that the neo-Nazi characters are engaged in a struggle to understand and take responsibility for their authentic selves. It is argued that the backdrop of right-wing ideology serves, in these films, to provide the set of ideals against which the main characters come to define themselves. In the course of these dramas, the active, nihilistic struggles of the main characters eventually culminate in self-understanding and the acceptance of personal responsibility. In their tragic conclusions, these movies illustrate the consequences of actively struggling against, and being liberated from, ideals that are hollow.
Cultural Change and Nihilism in the Rollerball Films
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

This chapter contrasts the original, 1975 version of Rollerball with the 2001 remake. Whereas the original version of the film features a hero who dooms himself to a tragic end by actively, yet nihilistically, rebelling against the forces of corporate control, the remake depicts a hero who engages in a successful revolution against the powers that be. In so doing, he promises the establishment of a counter-order that overcomes nihilism. It is argued that while the original version of Rollerball presents a modernist perspective on nihilism, depicting it as a phenomenon that cannot authentically be overcome, the remake presents a postmodernist perspective on nihilism, depicting it as a transitional stage leading from personal despair to ultimate triumph. The ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Camus and Jean-Francois Lyotard are drawn upon in order to characterize the differences between modernist and postmodernist renderings of the “problem” of nihilism.
Introduction: Overcomings
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

What would it mean to overcome nihilism?

Usually, this question is answered in an optimistic way, with the suggestion that in overcoming nihilism, we would accomplish something ultimately positive, productive and beneficial. If nihilism consists in the alienation of human existence from Truth and Being, then in its overcoming, we would find ourselves finally reconciled with that which is of the highest value and meaning. Human life would reach its supreme goal, our purpose for being here would become clear, and our place in the universe would no longer be a mystery. For these sorts of reasons, it has been taken as self-evident by many that overcoming nihilism is one of the greatest goods toward which humankind should work. If we could mend the rift between our real, finite existence and our highest aspirations once and for all, then we would truly be happy and fulfilled....
Introduction
Authors: Hopkins Peter
Published: May 2018

The chapters in this collection explore the everyday lives, experiences, practices and attitudes of Muslims in Scotland. In order to set the context for these chapters, in this introduction I explore the early settlement of Muslims in Scotland and discuss some of the initial research projects that charted the settlement of Asians and Pakistanis in Scotland’s main cities. I then discuss the current situation for Muslims in Scotland through data from the 2011 Scottish Census. Following a short note about the significance of the Scottish context, in the final section, the main themes and issues that have been explored in research about Muslims in Scotland.
Education
Authors: Weedon Elisabet , Riddell Sheila
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the educational outcomes of pupils from Muslim families in Scotland and the forms of capital mobilised by their parents to achieve social mobility through education. Over recent decades, the experiences of Muslims in Scotland and the rest of the UK have been very mixed. On the one hand, Muslims have sometimes been seen as a security threat and a challenge to social cohesion (Commission on Integration and Cohesion, 2007). On the other hand, the UK Government has taken the lead across Europe in passing equality legislation relating to protected characteristics, including race and religion/belief. Systems have also been put in place for gathering and analysing administrative data to investigate the implementation of equality policies.
Young People
Authors: Botterill Katherine , Sanghera Gurchathen , Hopkins Peter
Published: May 2018

Until recently, much academic and policy research about Muslim youth and politics tended to focus on issues of radicalisation and extremism (Bakker, 2006; Hemmingsen and Andreasen, 2007; Kuhle and Lindekilde, 2010; Spalek and McDonald, 2011), mirroring the political and policy landscape on this issue. While some of these studies attempt to disrupt popular conceptions of the link between Muslim youth and radicalisation, others have assisted in fuelling perceptions of Muslim youth as taking a more politicised stance on religious belief than their parents (Policy Exchange, 2007, cited in Field, 2011: 160). Furthermore, some have attempted to categorise Muslim youth into those who are ‘moderate’, ‘apartist’ and ‘alienated’ (Field, 2011) and, while painting a more complex picture, remain rather rigid and do little to challenge homogenised representations of Muslim youth. Media representation of Muslim youth as either politically apathetic, radicalised or vulnerable to radicalisation further contributes to misconceptions about young Muslim identities and their political agency. Such representations are gendered and embodied, for example with Muslim young men being read as the Asian ‘new folk devils’ (Alexander, 2000), as ‘militant and aggressive’ (Archer, 2003: 81) or as academic and effeminate (Hopkins, 2006).
Multiculturalism
Authors: Meer Nasar
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to locate the discussion about Muslims in Scotland in relation to questions of national identity and multicultural citizenship. While the former has certainly been a prominent feature of public and policy debate, the latter has largely been overshadowed by constitutional questions raised by devolution and the referenda on independence. This means that, while we have undoubtedly progressed since MacEwen (1980) characterised the treatment of ‘race-relations’ in Scotland as a matter either of ‘ignorance or apathy’, the issue of where ethnic, racial and religious minorities rest in the contemporary landscape remains unsettled. One of the core arguments of this chapter is that these issues are all interrelated, and that the present and future status of Muslims in Scotland is tied up with wider debates about the ‘national question’. Hitherto, however, study of national identity in Scotland has often (though not always) been discussed in relation to the national identities of England, Wales and Britain as a whole.
The ‘Science’ of Astrology in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, Romeo and Juliet and King Lear
Authors: Laroque François
Published: May 2018

In chapter 1, François Laroque explores the paradoxical purposes of the science of astrology in two plays, namely Romeo and Juliet and The Tempest, and in his sonnets. The craze for astrology clearly found its way into Shakespeare’s poetry. Take Sonnet 14, for example, where the speaker deliberately poses as a mock-astrologer, or Sonnet 107, where he playfully redefines what ‘poetic’ astrology should be, as his own astrological skills enable him to read the eyes of the young man as if they were two fixed stars. Astrology is therefore taken seriously, even though Shakespeare seeks to enlarge its meaning. In the plays, it can even be a structural device. Laroque argues that, in Romeo and Juliet, the “ancient grudge” of the Montagues and the Capulets is marked right from the beginning by its astrological connotations. Interestingly, Shakespeare kept thinking of the influence of the planets throughout his career, for a much later play like King Lear is similarly concerned with stars and disasters. The vivid opposition between Gloucester and Edmond allows Laroque to demonstrate that the playwright was particularly interested in the controversies that then emerged over the validity of the old science of astrology, even though Shakespeare refuses to take sides.
Shakespeare’s Alhazen: Love’s Labour’s Lost and the History of Optics
Authors: Dulac Anne-Valérie
Published: May 2018

Also exploring Shakespeare’s borrowings, Anne-Valérie Dulac turns to optics and takes Love’s Labour’s Lost as her departure point. She first reminds us that in her Study of Love’s Labour’s Lost, published in 1936, Frances Yates repeatedly mentions the importance of Ahazen’s optical theory in grasping the play’s many references to light, eyes, and vision. Dulac first deals with two mistakes made by Yates in her rather short description of the 1572 edition of the Opticae Thesaurus, a compendium including a truncated Latin version of Alhazen’s treatise along with Witelo’s Perspectiva. She then demonstrates that this was due to the fact that, at the time when Yates was writing, historians of science had not yet shown as forcefully how different the translations of the Kitab al-Manazir (The Books of Optics) are, or, in other words, how different Alhazen is from Alhacen and Ibn al-Haytham. Dulac eventually looks into the Latinised version of Alhazen’s optical theory to enquire into whether it could shed light on some of the most intricate metaphorical networks of the play.
Shakespeare’s Montaigne: Maps and Books in The Tempest
Authors: Lestringant Frank
Published: May 2018

Frank Lestringant’s chapter focuses on knowledge and Renaissance discoveries. It examines how the playwright used books and maps—geometry being part of the medieval quadrivium—and how he reassessed their functions. In The Tempest, Lestringant once more reminds us that Shakespeare skilfully relies on Montaigne’s Essays and cleverly re-appropriates the negative formula of the essay entitled “Of Cannibals”. Indeed, Gonzalo’s famous tirade, in act 2, scene 1, is drawn from Montaigne’s chapter on cannibals, translated by John Florio in 1603. Commenting on this almost-literal and well-known borrowing, Lestringant shows how Shakespeare manages to dramatize Montaigne’s observations and how he lionizes the old lord Gonzalo thanks to his indirect quote. Doing so, he reexamines Gonzalo’s role in The Tempest and rehabilitates his humanist education.
Reason as Consequent Universal: On Thinking and Being
Authors: Tritten Tyler
Published: May 2018

Turning to the later Schelling, this chapter shows how Schelling regards reason itself as a matter of fact rather than as a self-founding truth of reason. There is not being because there is reason or thinking, but there is reason because there is being. Reason is thus only explicable through a historical, rather than rational, account of its emergence from non-reason. Reason is thus a contingently eternal matter of fact, something which eternally is but could have never been, consequent upon pre-rational being. Schelling does not fall prey to irrationalism, but he does ask why there is reason rather than unreason. Reason too is something for which an account must be given.
Decision and Withdrawal: On the Facticity and Posteriority of God
Authors: Tritten Tyler
Published: May 2018

This chapter argues that God is an eternal fact, thus an eternally contingent consequence, the factum brutum. Employing Schelling’s later notion of “unprethinkability” it is argued that as unprethinkable primal being is not unthinkable but only post-thinkable. Being, including the being of God, can only be thought in its consequence. If being exists in a cold, mute, neutral and mechanistic way, then being, post factum, proves ungodly. But, if being exists graciously, personally and as the result of freedom, then being exists in a godly way. Whether or not unprethinkable being is then consequently to be identified as Godly or ungodly is something only constituted retroactively, that is, neither a priori nor even a posteriori, but per posterius.
Afterword
Authors: Tritten Tyler
Published: May 2018

The Afterword offers a defence of thought as free speculation in which no possibilities can ever be excluded a priori. It also argues that although ontological speculation is required to ground other sciences, their findings never necessitate which ontology must accompany them. Facts can always be interpreted in multiple ways; meaning is never fixed. That there is meaning, however, rather than non-sense is a contingent fact and not a necessity.
Mobilities against Prejudice: The Role of Social Transnationalism in Europe in Sentiments towards Immigration from Other EU Member States and from Outside the EU1
Authors: Salamońska Justyna
Published: May 2018

Over the decades Europe has received many and diverse flows of people from around the world. Migrants coming from outside the EU along intra-European migrants have changed the landscape of migrations with their diverse mobility projects. At the same time European citizens residing in their countries of origin are mobile in multiple ways when they engage in travel and consumption across the borders or they connect to family and friends based in other countries. In this chapter I will argue that while European citizens themselves have become more mobile engaging in cross-border exchanges and interactions, these processes have also brought about the change in their thinking about mobility of others who migrate from other EU Member States and beyond. Using the Eurobarometer data I illustrate how attitudes towards intra- and extra-European migration differ, with largely positive sentiments towards migrants coming from within the EU and predominantly negative attitudes towards migrants from outside the EU. However, determinants of these attitudes remain similar, irrespectively if they are directed at European movers or third country nationals. Among examined determinants of sentiments, engagement in cross-border practices seems to coincide with more positive opinions about migration.
On the Reciprocal Subordination of Multiculturalism and Migration Policies1
Authors: Lægaard Sune
Published: May 2018

Multiculturalism and migration are related. In Europe, multiculturalism normally denotes the fact that European societies now house significant groups of immigrant origin. Nevertheless, multiculturalism and migration are about different things. Migration is about movement of people across borders. It raises political questions about state sovereignty, territorial rights, and freedom of movement. Multiculturalism is rather about political measures for handling and accommodating diversity within a given society. It raises political questions about equality, discrimination, and integration. Therefore, while there are connections, multiculturalism and migration should be theorized differently and discussed on the basis of different principles and considerations. This distinction between multiculturalism and migration has nevertheless been blurred in recent policy developments. The blurring happens in two opposite directions: The multiculturalism backlash, i.e. the criticism of and hostility towards multiculturalism policies, has been extended to migration: Because of hostility to diversity within societies and multiculturalism policies supposed to accommodate this diversity, migration itself has become an object of criticism and hostility. Migration policy has been subordinated to concerns relating to multicultural diversity. Conversely, an analogous migration-backlash, i.e. the widespread political unease about migration, has led to increased demands being placed on minorities already present: They are being subjected to harsher integration requirements, lower social benefits and more severe conditions for family-unification and naturalization. Multiculturalism policies have been subordinated to concerns relating to migration. The chapter identifies the empirical developments leading to these forms of subordination, provides a theoretical account of them, and argues that both forms of subordination are normatively problematic.
Forming
Authors: Bird Terri
Published: May 2018

The aim of art for Deleuze and Guattari is to render perceptible forces that lie beyond perception and to capture, in what is given, the forces that are not given. They task artists with producing compounds of sensation, heterogeneous assemblages of affects and intensities, extracted from forces lying at the limits of sensibility. This chapter explores the forming of these assemblages through processes of capture orientated around practices employing sculptural methodologies. Although Deleuze and Guattari have little to say about sculpture in general or specific works, they refer to the sensations of stone and metal as vibrating according to the order of strong and weak rhythms. Drawing on the writing of Gilbert Simondon these rhythms are discussed as dynamic modulations that emphasise temporal appearance. And examined in relation to Jack Burnham’s use of systems thinking identified in the artworks, by artists such as Hans Haacke and Public Share, that register complex flows of matter-energy exchanges.
Framing – ?interior
Authors: Attiwill Suzie
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents a series of exhibition and curatorial projects situated in the discipline of interior design that experimented with questions of interior and interiority, subject and object relations, spatial and temporal conditions. Deleuze’s critique of interior and interiority as isolated, pre-existing entities provokes a thinking and doing otherwise where space and subjectivity, interior and exterior are unquestioned givens. Thinking through practising with Deleuze, the technique of framing is re-posed as a technique of interiorization where interior and interiority are productions in exteriority; the frame as a fold of an outside that involves processes of selection and arrangement. Deleuze’s book Foucault and the ‘Outside-interior’ and Elizabeth Grosz’s Chaos, Territory, Art. Deleuze and the Framing of the Earth are key references. The chapter poses ‘?interior’ – with reference to Deleuze’s ?-being – as a problematic to be addressed through designing interior – each time anew.
Encountering Surfaces, Encountering Spaces, Encountering Painting
Authors: Eckersley Andrea
Published: May 2018

Encounters are immanent to the event of art, whereby an artwork may be understood by way of the singularities, the differences in intensity, it generates. As an event, art expresses encounters between bodies, surfaces, affects, concepts and percepts. Thinking about artworks in these terms opens up the materiality of art, exposing more of its extensive and intensive properties. It also calls attention to the co-constitution of events of art in diverse spatial, temporal and affective encounters. This argument is developed throughout this chapter by way of a description of the author’s painting practice and intensive encounters with the work of Agnes Martin. Art as an event draws attention to the activity of surfaces and the ways encounters between surfaces, immanent to the work, co-constitute the work of art in space and time.
Practising Philosophy
Authors: Roffe Jon
Published: May 2018

In What is Philosophy?, Deleuze and Guattari famously describe philosophy as the creation of concepts. However, nowhere in his work does Deleuze detail what this practice involves for the philosopher themselves. After surveying the fragmentary descriptions of philosophical activity in his work, this chapter proposes a quadripartite account of Deleuzean philosophical practice, involving dispossession, bricolage, coadaption and repetition.
The Coming-of-age Film as a Genre: Attributes, Evolution, and Functions
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

This chapter outlines the generic characteristics, categories, and dominant tropes of the coming-of-age film, relating it to the Bildungsroman in literature, and showing the influence on its evolution of the French New Wave and European art cinema. The chapter concludes by speculating on why coming-of-age films are such a prominent feature in national cinemas, arguing that they play an important role in the development of collective memory and the transmission and reshaping of cultural values.
Asserting Feminist Claims within Māori Culture: Whale Rider (Nicki Caro, 2002)
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

Through a comparison with the film’s source, Witi Ihimaera’s novel The Whale Rider (1987), this chapter explores why many Māori found the film culturally offensive on account of the way that its Pākehā director, Niki Caro, imposed a euro-centric feminist ideology on the story in the process of adaptation that was at odds with the kaupapa Māori approach taken by Ihimaera in the original. The film is discussed as illustrating a trend whereby national coming-of-age stories would increasingly be subjected to a conventionalized generic treatment in order to reach a prospective international audience sought by funding bodies.
A Māori Boy Contests the Old Patriarchal Order: Mahana (Lee Tamahori, 2016)
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

Based on a comparison with Witi Ihimaera’s novel Bulibasha, King of the Gypsies (1994), the source for the adaptation, this chapter discusses Lee Tamahori’s Mahana as further evidence of two tendencies apparent in coming-of-age films on Māori subjects: an increasing inclination to reconfigure indigenous stories through a process of generic standardization, especially involving genres characteristic of Hollywood, and a willingness to contest, with a view to reforming, certain attitudes and practices of traditional Māori culture –in particular, the patriarchal assumptions of male elders in the whānau, or extended family group.
Whitehead on Causality and Perception
Authors: Shaviro Steven
Published: May 2018

Whitehead’s notion of ‘causal efficacy’ provides a bridge from epistemology to ontology, or to what Whitehead calls cosmology. It inverts the priority of epistemology over causality as established by Hume and Kant, for even to raise the question of how we know is already to have accepted the operations of causality within the mind, in the form of the “conformation of present fact to immediate past.” Hume’s doubt as to whether and how we can perceive causal processes at all is therefore misplaced; for this doubt rests upon the illicit presupposition of a mind separated from what it perceives, or of presentational immediacy detached from the matrix of causal efficacy within which it arises. This chapter traces Whitehead’s argument about symbolism and causal efficacy, and show its relevance to contemporary philosophical debates (in both analytic and continental circles) about grounds, cognition, and causality. It further suggests that Whitehead’s insistence that perception is a species of causality also implies the priority of sentience over vitality. In other words, perception and feeling are among the necessary conditions of possibility for life, rather than (as is usually assumed in contemporary doctrines of emergence and of neo-vitalism) the reverse.
The Inhumanity of Symbolism
Authors: Halewood Michael
Published: May 2018

Whitehead is clear that language and symbols are important for humans. But they are not generated solely from or by humans. If they were, Whitehead's philosophy would fall back into a sophisticated humanism and would lack metaphysical bite. This chapter traces the inhumanity of symbols in order to return to a more specific understanding of what Whitehead can tell us about the intersections of humans, language, and symbolism. It discusses the ways in which symbolism separates us from the world, relating this to Marx’s concept of the fetishism of the commodity, in which we ‘fail to see the human (or social) relations that have gone into making them’. It compares Whitehead and Marxist Raymond Williams, concluding that the concept of ‘ideology’ is ultimately a distraction in this discussion, although some degree of ‘inhumanity’ must always remain inherent in symbolism.
From Manipulation to Co-creation: Whitehead on the Ethics of Symbol-Making
Authors: Higgins Luke B.
Published: May 2018

This chapter asks whether there is a third way beyond the two deeply problematic options of either 1) allowing ourselves to be the manipulated objects of a transcendent symbolism (whether ‘projected’ onto a traditionally conceived divinity, or cynically attributed to the ruthless hands of politico-economic power); or 2) appointing ourselves the quasi-divine rulers of a world whose mastery is predicated on the reducibility of the latter to a set of abstract, manipulable symbolic units, i.e. the ‘laws of nature,’ or – as the case may be – the laws of economics, which is every bit as ruthless in its exploitive logic of value-extraction. It suggests that there isindeed a third role for us in relation to symbolism besides being an object of symbolic manipulations or a manipulator of objects through symbols—a unique mode of symbol-making (or symbol-revision) emergent in the harmonized interstices between our inner and outer realities. It would aim at both experiencing and transmitting the power of something like what Gilles Deleuze calls ‘a life’ – that unique quality of the living that is universal in its singularity. Symbols are not merely fabulations of our imagination, but are produced through the indeterminate and dynamically ecological relations of creative becoming.
Something (or Nothing) to be Scared of: Meillassoux, Klein, Kristeva
Authors: Morgan Wortham Simon
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores the work of Quentin Meillassoux, the thinker perhaps most associated with the recent speculative-materialist turn in continental thought. Meillassoux argues that post-Kantian philosophy succumbs to a principle of correlation between thinking and being, wherein the one cannot be contemplated outside of the other. This chapter focuses on Meillassoux’s argument about the necessity of contingency as something not to be confused with a probabilistic idea of chance, one that might condemn us to perpetual fearfulness. While the possibility of such trepidation is supposedly overcome by Meillassouxian thought, the fact that it is far from prevalent among or endorsed by even the strongest correlationists invites us to reconsider its perhaps ambivalent and divided resources, prompting us to ask whether they may indeed be reduced to an image of oppositional difference. This suggestion is developed through the work of Melanie Klein. Moreover, the chapter observes that the ‘unreason’ (that which cannot be correlated as such) which accompanies the flight from so-called correlationism may not simply lead in the direction of science, as Meillassoux suggests. For with the demise of correlation, as Julie Kristeva pointed out long ago, we also risk a descent into psychosis.
Lupus (Adler and Freud)
Authors: Morgan Wortham Simon
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines phobia as a question of psychoanalysis itself, a means to assess its complex and problematic conditions of possibility. In 1929, Alfred Adler produced a case study of ‘Miss R.’ in which he analysed her lupus phobia. Lupus is an auto-immune disease that reached its heights during the nineteenth century. Found at the crossroads between the sprawl of the city and the birth of the clinic, lupus’s historic arc reflects the early history of psychoanalysis. Adler associates Miss R.’s phobias with a desire to avoid her own inferiorization within the family and a fear about life on the outside. The case study offers a clue to the relationship between analyst and analysand: Adler interprets the young girl’s behaviour in terms of an egotistic desire to hold centre-stage; yet the case history is constructed out of extemporized remarks made before a captive audience, presumably to show off Adler’s analytic brilliance (in contrast to Freud’s, whom he takes every opportunity to disparage). We wonder whether Adler might be talking about himself as much as Miss R., and the case study begins to offer some insights not only into the split with Freud in 1911 but indeed the resistances of psychoanalysis itself.
Military Engineers and the Development of the Princely State in Germany
Authors: Wollschläger Thomas
Published: May 2018

The leading earl-modern German states were warfare states, spending their revenues on princely display and their war machines, but few could dispose of sufficient revenue to fund the establishment and education of a military engineering corps. Prussia and Saxony were the main potential powers in the north and Prussia had established a corps in 1729 which distinguished itself under the Dutchman Gerhard Walrawe, but his behaviour led to his cashiering by Frederick the Great. Prussian engineers never quite recovered. Saxon ones were better paid and promoted but the state wasted the resources they needed. Hanover and Bavaria were too small to sustain adequate education facilities. It was more sensible to hire qualified foreigners.
Fiscal and Technical Limitations on Venetian Military Engineering in the Stato da Mar in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
Authors: Gertwagen Ruth
Published: May 2018

The Venetian overseas empire followed the Fourth Crusade when Venice shared the partition of the Eastern Roman Empire. She bought the island of Crete, to keep it out of the hands of the rival Genoese. The latter remained the main naval rival of Venice to the start of the fifteenth century. There was no automatic fortification of harbours or construction of artificial fortified harbours, except in Candia in Crete and Methoni in the Peloponnese, despite the shortage of natural harbours and the challenge of the Ottoman , mainly because of fiscal problems. Fortification did come after 1600, but was late and ineffectual.
Conclusion: Servicing Early-Modern European Sovereignties
Authors: Lenman Bruce P.
Published: May 2018

To assess the significance for European states of the impressive range of activities undertaken by early-modern military engineers one has to look at two historical debates. The first is what is meant by ‘the state’ in this era. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, populist nationalisms used state structures to compete for territory with one another. They also used the coercive capacity of the state to impose a particular sense of national identity on the populations they controlled, eradicating alternative identities, and propagating myths that projected their sense of identity back to remote antiquity. The Chief End of Man was seen as the creation and extension of a centralised, interventionist state designed to defend the interests, redress the wrongs, and reinforce the identity, rightly understood, of ‘the nation’. Tempted by reductionism, historians have concentrated on a few states seen conventionally as ‘first-class powers’ and precursors of modern nation states, despite the fact that early-modern Europe was a dense network of sovereignties, some tiny; others like Venice or Bavaria never leading European powers but significant ones within specific contexts....
Inhibition of HIF1α-Dependent Upregulation of Phospho-l-Plastin Resensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to Frontline Therapy
Authors: Bosseler Manon , Marani Vanessa , Broukou Angelina , Lequeux Amandine , Kaoma Tony , Schlesser Vincent , François Jean-Hugues , Palissot Valérie , Berchem Guy J. , Aouali Nasséra , Janji Bassam
Published: May 2018

The introduction of novel frontline agents in multiple myeloma (MM), like immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors, has improved the overall survival of patients. Yet, MM is still not curable, and drug resistance (DR) remains the main challenge. To improve the understanding of DR in MM, we established a resistant cell line (MOLP8/R). The exploration of DR mechanisms yielded an overexpression of HIF1α, due to impaired proteasome activity of MOLP8/R. We show that MOLP8/R, like other tumor cells, overexpressing HIF1α, have an increased resistance to the immune system. By exploring the main target genes regulated by HIF1α, we could not show an overexpression of these targets in MOLP8/R. We, however, show that MOLP8/R cells display a very high overexpression of LCP1 gene (l-Plastin) controlled by HIF1α, and that this overexpression also exists in MM patient samples. The l-Plastin activity is controlled by its phosphorylation in Ser5. We further show that the inhibition of l-Plastin phosphorylation restores the sensitivity of MOLP8/R to immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Our results reveal a new target gene of DR, controlled by HIF1α.
The Wolf and the Caribou: Coexistence of Decentralized Economies and Competitive Markets
Authors: Freund Andreas , Stanko Danielle
Published: May 2018

Starting with BitTorrent and then Bitcoin, decentralized technologies have been on the rise over the last 15+ years, gaining significant momentum in the last 2+ years with the advent of platform ecosystems such as the Blockchain platform Ethereum. New projects have evolved from decentralized games to marketplaces to open funding models to decentralized autonomous organizations. The hype around cryptocurrency and the valuation of innovative projects drove the market cap of cryptocurrencies to over a trillion dollars at one point in 2017. These high valued technologies are now enabling something new: globally scaled and decentralized business models. Despite their valuation and the hype, these new business ecosystems are frail. This is not only because the underlying technology is rapidly evolving, but also because competitive markets see a profit opportunity in exponential cryptocurrency returns. This extracts value from these ecosystems, which could lead to their collapse, if unchecked. In this paper, we explore novel ways for decentralized economies to protect themselves from, and coexist with, competitive markets at a global scale utilizing decentralized technologies such as Blockchain.
Cartilosoma rene-hentic (Basidiomycota, Polyporales), une espèce nouvelle dans le groupe d’Antrodia ramentacea
Authors: Rivoire Bernard , Trichies Gérard , Vlasák Josef
Published: May 2018

Cartilosoma rene-hentic, une nouvelle espèce d’Antrodia s. l., est décrit de France. Il se caractérise par un système hyphique monomitique localisé dans la trame et par la présence de rares hyphes squelettiques dans la chair. Cette structure particulière le situe à proximité d’Antrodia ramentacea (Berk. et Broome) Donk 1966.
Quelques réflexions sur les catégories taxinomiques infra-subspécifiques en Zoologie
Authors: d'Hondt Jean-Loup
Published: May 2018

Le statut ambigu des catégories taxinomiques infra-subspécifiques en zoologie est rappelé. Des raisons à la fois nomenclaturales et déontologiques nous paraissent devoir motiver le maintien et la reconnaissance, officialisées par le Code de nomenclature zoologique, d’au moins une catégorie taxinomique inférieure au rang de sous-espèce, que nous proposons être la «variété » , et son acceptation lorsqu’elle se fonde sur des motifs légitimes. Lorsqu’un chercheur estime devoir élever une population animale au rang de «variété » , c’est qu’il estime que les caractères diagnostiques constants propres à l’ensemble des individus de cette population sont insuffisants pour l’élever au rang de sous-espèce, mais qu’il convient de mettre en évidence son originalité par l’attribution d’un nom scientifique. Or, le Code de nomenclature, sous sa version actuelle, ne gère pas la «variété » en tant que catégorie taxinomique et ne la prend en compte que si elle est ultérieurement, soit élevée au groupe-espèce, soit mise en synonymie avec un taxon du groupe-espèce (en occasionnant ainsi une perte d’information scientifique). L’officialisation d’une telle catégorie infra-subspécifique permettrait en outre de respecter la pensée et le travail du chercheur qui a individualisé ce taxon et analysé en conscience sa position systématique ; cela en évitant qu’un tiers en mal d’éthique ne s’attribue le bénéfice des résultats de son collègue en se bornant à remplacer le nom donné par celui-ci au taxon considéré par un autre qu’il lui aura lui-même attribué lors d’un simple changement de son rang taxinomique.
Baranowskiella ehnstromi Sörensson, présent en France dans les Préalpes du nord et le sud du Jura (Coleoptera, Ptiliidae)
Authors: Dodelin Benoît , Rivoire Bernard , Saurat Rémy
Published: May 2018

Baranowskiella ehnstromi est citée des massifs du Vercors (Isère), de la Chartreuse (Savoie) et du Jura (Ain). De nombreux exemplaires de cette espèce hyper-spécialisée ont été récoltés directement sur son champignon hôte : Phellinopsis conchata (Pers.) Dai, 2010. Ces stations prolongent vers le sud et en altitude l’aire de distribution de B. ehnstromi.
Antecedents of Sport Event Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions: The Role of Sport Identification, Motivation, and Place Dependence
Authors: Prayag Girish , Grivel Elsa
Published: May 2018

This study evaluates a theoretical model of event attendees' behavioral intentions based on social identity theory. The model postulates that sport identification, motivation, place dependence, and event satisfaction are antecedents of event behavioral intentions. The model was tested
among participants at the Interamnia World Cup (IWC), an annual event in the sport of handball in Teramo, Italy. A sample of 271 international sport tourists revealed significant relationships between sport identification, motivation, place dependence, and event satisfaction. Unlike place
dependence, sport identification does not predict event behavioral intentions. Both sport identification and place dependence do not predict event satisfaction. The findings suggest that event marketers can foster behavioral intentions either through event satisfaction or building place dependence
among event participants. Implications for the marketing of sporting events are also suggested.
A Transformative Service View on the Effects of Festivalscapes on Local Residents' Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Chou Cindy Yunhsin , Huang Shih-Chang , Mair Judith
Published: May 2018

Festivals benefit the local service economy and reinforce social cohesion within the local community. This study draws on transformative service research to argue that festivalscapes have a transformational impact on local residents' cocreation behavior and thus their subjective well-being.
Data were collected during the 2016 Taipei lantern festival, amounting to 945 valid survey responses. Our analysis finds that cues related to the festival environment positively influence local residents' sense of place attachment, cocreation behavior, and subjective well-being. Place attachment
mediates the relationship between festival environmental cues and customer cocreation behavior. More significantly, the higher the degree of intercustomer social support is perceived to be by local residents during the festival, the greater the sense of attachment to the local community shown.
This study contributes to transformative service research by demonstrating that local residents' subjective well-being is an essential part of the service ecosystem in hosting a festival. Festival service managers should consider the local community's perception of festivals to simultaneously
boost local service sustainability and ecosystem well-being. Service managers may determine improvements to the stimulation of intercustomer social support, as it plays a transformative role, adding value to festivals.
Measurement of the Impact of Music Festivals on Destination Image: The Case of a Womad Festival
Authors: Duarte Paulo , Folgado-Fernández José A. , Hernández-Mogollón José M.
Published: May 2018

This study sought to evaluate, in the context of the commercialization strategies of tourism destinations, if investment in cultural activities such as the organization of a well-known music festival can promote the creation and development of the host destination's image. After a review
of the relevant literature, an analysis was done of the responses of tourists who attended the 2013 World of Music, Arts, and Dance Festival in Cáceres, Spain. The fieldwork involved a personal interview survey carried out during the event, whereby 301 valid questionnaires were obtained,
which were processed using a structural equations model and the partial least squares method. The results show how the brand positioning of a music festival can contribute to creating a positive destination image for participating tourists. The findings have significant implications for managers
in terms of music festival tourism, such as the need to emphasize the destination as a unique event setting.
The Contribution of Rose and Rosewater Tourism and Festival to the Destination Image
Authors: Zamani-Farahani Hamira , Fox Dorothy
Published: May 2018

This study seeks to explore rose and rosewater tourism and festival to understand how tourist attitudes to the festivals contribute to their image of the destination. To achieve this, a survey of domestic tourists was undertaken in the Kashan region of Iran. The results provide some original insights into the selection of destinations that are of value to academics, industry practitioners, tourism planners, and policymakers. It confirms that events and festivals cannot develop or grow without the support of the hospitality and tourism industries. Some of the cultural limitations of undertaking the research, together with suggestions for future research, are also discussed.