bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B-fields and gas motion in the L1689 region: an interpretation of Planck polarization data
Authors: Matsumura Masafumi ,   Team BISTRO Japan
Published: March 2020

With using the Planck polarization data (PR2, 2016A A…596A.109P), we investigate the magnetic fields in L1689 and associated clouds, and compare them with centroid velocities VLSR of 12CO and 13CO from the COMPLETE survey (2006AJ….131.2921R). We observe two components in this elongated region: in one component, the position angle of the magnetic field varies from –10 to 110 degrees in the galactic coordinate, while VLSR is rather constant (=4 ± 0.5 km/s). In the other component with the position angle being constant (=110 ± 15 degrees), the velocity VLSR shows a spatial gradient from 3 to 5 km/s, as one goes from west to east along the direction of elongation. If the east side of the component is more distant from us than the west, this gradient suggests that this component is stretching. This work is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H03720 (PI: Koji S. Kawabata).
Revealing magnetic fields towards massive protostars: a multi-scale approach using masers and dust
Authors: Dall’Olio Daria , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Persson M. V.
Published: March 2020

Magnetic fields play a significant role during star formation processes, hindering the fragmentation and the collapse of the parental cloud, and affecting the accretion mechanisms and feedback phenomena. However, several questions still need to be addressed to clarify the importance of magnetic fields at the onset of high-mass star formation, such as how strong they are and at what evolutionary stage and spatial scales their action becomes relevant. Furthermore, the magnetic field parameters are still poorly constrained especially at small scales, i.e. few astronomical units from the central object, where the accretion disc and the base of the outflow are located. Thus we need to probe magnetic fields at different scales, at different evolutionary steps and possibly with different tracers. We show that the magnetic field morphology around high-mass protostars can be successfully traced at different scales by observing maser and dust polarised emission. A confirmation that they are effective tools is indeed provided by our recent results from 6.7 GHz MERLIN observations of the massive protostar IRAS 18089-1732, where we find that the small-scale magnetic field probed by methanol masers is consistent with the large-scale magnetic field probed by dust (Dall’Olio et al. 2017 A&A 607, A111). Moreover we present results obtained from our ALMA Band 7 polarisation observations of G9.62+0.20, which is a massive star-forming region with a sequence of cores at different evolutionary stages (Dall’Olio et al. submitted to A&A). In this region we resolve several protostellar cores embedded in a bright and dusty filamentary structure. The magnetic field morphology and strength in different cores is related to the evolutionary sequence of the star formation process which is occurring across the filament.
Trying to Make Sense of Polarization Patterns in Circumstellar Disks
Authors: Stephens Ian W. , Yang Haifeng , Li Zhi-Yun
Published: March 2020

In the era of ALMA, we can now resolve polarization within circumstellar disks at (sub)millimeter wavelengths. While many initially hoped that these observations would map magnetic fields in disks, the observed polarization patterns indicate other possible polarization mechanisms. These alternative polarization mechanisms include Rayleigh self-scattering, grains aligning with the radiation anisotropy (k-RAT alignment), and mechanical alignment. Stephens et al. (2017) specifically showed that the polarization morphology in HL Tau changes rapidly with wavelength; the morphology is uniform at 870 μm, azimuthal at 3.1 mm, and ∼50%/50% mix of the two at 1.3 mm. Although it has been suggested that the polarized emission at 870 μm is due to scattering and at 3.1 mm is due to k-RAT alignment, both mechanisms appear to have shortcomings. Specifically, Kataoka et al. (2017) showed that scattering requires much smaller grains (10s of μm) than that suggested by other studies, while k-RAT alignment suggest a significant decrease in polarization along the minor axis, which is not seen. Studies of other disks have suggested that polarization may come from grains aligned with the magnetic fields, but these studies are inconclusive. Understanding and extracting information about the polarized emission from disks requires multi-wavelength and high resolution observations.
Magnetic fields in disks: A solution to an polarized ambiguity
Authors: Bertrang Gesa H.-M. , Cortés Paulo C. , Flock Mario
Published: March 2020

Numerous numerical studies suggest that magnetic fields influence the transport of dust and gas, the disk chemistry, the migration of planetesimals within the disk, and above all the accretion of matter onto the star. In short: Magnetic fields are crucial for the evolution of planet-forming disks. First indirect comparisons of theory and observations support this picture (Flock et al. 2017); however, profound observational constraints are still pending. Recent studies show that the intrinsically polarized continuum emission, the classical tracer of magnetic fields, might trace other physics as well (radiation field or dust grain size). The nearly face-on protoplanetary disk HD 142527 shows predominantly radial polarization vectors consistent with aspherical grains aligned by a toroidal magnetic field (Fig. 1; Bertrang et al. 2017a,b; Ohashi et al. 2018). However, the number of cutting-edge polarization observations presenting inconclusive data, for which these three different origins of polarization are not clearly distinguishable, increases continuously. We present a solution to this polarized ambiguity: observations and simulations of the most direct tracer of magnetic fields, polarized gas emission, in combination with multi-wavelength continuum polarization observations will disentangle the sources of continuum polarimetry with ALMA (Bertrang et al. 2017a,b; Bertrang & Cortés in prep.).
Magnetic fields along the pre-main sequence: new magnetic field measurements of Herbig Ae/Be stars using high-resolution HARPS spectropolarimetry
Authors: Järvinen S. P. , Hubrig S. , Schöller M. , Ilyin I.
Published: March 2020

Herbig Ae/Be-type stars are analogs of T Tauri stars at higher masses. Since the confirmation of magnetospheric accretion using Balmer and sodium line profiles in the Herbig Ae star UX Ori, a number of magnetic studies have been attempted, indicating that about 20 Herbig Ae/Be stars likely have globally organized magnetic fields. The low detection rate of magnetic fields in Herbig Ae stars can be explained by the weakness of these fields and rather large measurement uncertainties. The obtained density distribution of the root mean square longitudinal magnetic field values revealed that only a few stars have magnetic fields stronger than 200 G, and half of the sample possesses magnetic fields of about 100 G or less. We report on the results of our analysis of a sample of presumably single Herbig Ae/Be stars based on recent observations obtained with HARPSpol attached to ESO’s 3.6m telescope. Knowledge of the magnetic field structure combined with the determination of the chemical composition are indispensable to constrain theories on star formation and magnetospheric accretion in intermediate-mass stars. As of today, magnetic phase curves have been obtained only for two Herbig Ae/Be stars, HD 101412 and V380 Ori.
Eclipses and the Earth’s Rotation
Authors: Stephenson F. R. , Morrison L. V. , Hohenkerk C. Y.
Published: March 2020

Analysis of historical records of eclipses of the Sun and Moon between 720 BC and AD 1600 gives a measure of the time difference, TT − UT = ΔT. The first derivative in time along a smooth curve fitted to the values of Δ T measures the changes in the length of the day (lod). The average rate of change of the lod is found to be significantly less than that expected on the basis of tidal friction. Fluctuations on a time-scale of centuries to millennia are mainly attributed to the effects of post-glacial uplift and core-mantle coupling.
Changes in the Unchangeable: Simulation of Transient Astronomical Phenomena with Stellarium
Authors: Zotti Georg , Wolf Alexander
Published: March 2020

The open-source desktop planetarium Stellarium has become very popular in astronomical education and outreach. Our recent changes aim for its applicability in historical and archaeoastronomical simulation contexts. Apart from visualizing the seemingly perpetual regular motions of the celestial bodies, it can be used to visualize and demonstrate historical solar and lunar eclipses, historical and present comets, meteors, and also novae and supernovae.
The relevance of the Gaia-ESO Survey on the Galactic metallicity gradient: Focus on open clusters
Authors: Randich Sofia
Published: March 2020

An overview of the Gaia-ESO Survey project is presented, with focus on open star clusters and their use to trace the radial metallicity gradient in the thin disc.
Go beyond radial gradient: azimuthal variations of ISM abundance in 3D
Authors: Ho I-Ting
Published: March 2020

Using 3D spectroscopy data from the TYPHOON Project (PI: B. Madore), I show convincing observational evidence that the ISM oxygen abundance traced by HII regions presents systematic azimuthal variations in NGC 1365 and NGC 2997. I discuss a possible physical origin and on-going efforts to explore the prevalence and cause of such variations.
Metallicity gradients in M31, M33, NGC 300, and Milky Way using Argon abundances
Authors: Flores-Durán Sheila N. , Peña Miriam
Published: March 2020

We studied Planetary Nebulae (PNe) metallicity gradients using Ar abundances. We compared them with H ii regions in the galaxies of the local universe M 31, M 33, NGC 300 and in the Milky Way. Galactocentric radio (RG) and chemical abundances were collected from the literature, carefully selecting an homogeneous sample for each galaxy. In these galaxies, metallicity gradients computed with PNe abundances are flatter than those of H ii regions.
Magnetism in the Square Kilometre Array Era
Authors: Mao S. A.
Published: March 2020

The unprecedented sensitivity, angular resolution and broad bandwidth coverage of Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio polarimetric observations will allow us to address many long-standing mysteries in cosmic magnetism science. I will highlight the unique capabilities of the SKA to map the warm hot intergalactic medium, reveal detailed 3-dimensional structures of magnetic fields in local galaxies and trace the redshift evolution of galactic magnetic fields.
On long-duration 3D simulations of stellar convection using ANTARES
Authors: Kupka F. , D.  , Fabbian  , D.  , Krüger  , N.  , Kostogryz  , L.  , Gizon
Published: March 2020

We present initial results from three-dimensional (3-D) radiation hydrodynamical simulations for the Sun and targeted Sun-like stars. We plan to extend these simulations up to several stellar days to study p-mode excitation and damping processes. The level of variation of irradiance on the time scales spanned by our 3-D simulations will be studied too. Here we show results from a first analysis of the computational data we produced so far.
Passband reconstruction from photometry
Authors: Weiler Michael , Jordi Carme , Carrasco Josep Manel , Fabricius Claus
Published: March 2020

Photometric passbands are usually characterised through laboratory measurements and once in operations they are refined with true observations of reference sources with known spectral energy distribution. This paper revises the methods to determine those passbands and discusses the limitations encountered. The passbands are not fully constrained by the reference sources used and the method presented here allows to evaluate which is the constrained and the unconstrained component of the passband.
The Calibration of the UVIT Detectors for the ASTROSAT Observatory
Authors: Leahy Denis , Postma J. , Hutchings J. B. , Tandon S. N.
Published: March 2020

The UVIT ultraviolet and visual band detectors and electronics for the ASTROSAT observatory were calibrated in the vacuum laboratory at the University of Calgary. This work was supported by the Canadian Space Agengy and carried out prior to integration with the UVIT optical assembly and the ASTROSAT spacecraft. The multiband (X-ray, ultraviolet and optical) ASTROSAT observatory was successfully launched by the Indian Space Research Organization on Sept. 28, 2015, with subsequent in-orbit verification and ongoing calibration activities. Here we discuss the current issues of calibrating the UVIT data, such as distortion corrections, and how the laboratory data is being used to address these issues.
VO for education and outreach
Authors: Iafrate Giulia
Published: March 2020

The Virtual Observatory (VO) is an international astronomical community-based initiative. VO aims to allow global electronic access to the available astronomical data archives of space and ground-based observatories and other sky survey databases. VO for education is a project developed within the framework of the European Virtual Observatory (EuroVO) with the aim of diffusing VO data and software to the public, in particular students, teachers and astronomy enthusiasts. VO for education offers use cases, pedagogical units, and simplified professional software that will allow a taste of the emotion of scientific research even to those approaching astronomy for the first time or simply wishing to wander between stars.
Transforming research (and public engagement) through citizen science
Authors: Blickhan Samantha , Trouille Laura , Lintott Chris J.
Published: March 2020

Processing our increasingly large datasets poses a bottleneck for producing real scientific outcomes and citizen science - engaging the public in research - provides a solution, particularly when coupled with automated routines. In this talk we will provide a broad overview of citizen science approaches and best practices. We will also highlight in particular recent advances through Zooniverse, the world’s largest platform for online citizen science, engaging more than 1.7 million volunteers in tasks including discovering exoplanets, identifying features on Mars’ surface, transcribing artist’s notebooks, and tracking resistance to antibiotics.
AAS Nova and Astrobites as Bridges Between Astronomy Communities
Authors: Kohler Susanna ,   the AAS Publishing Team,   the Astrobites Collaboration
Published: March 2020

Education and outreach in astronomy often focuses on communicating broad astronomical concepts. But how can educators and outreach practitioners also share current astronomical research results with students and the public, conveying both the process of science and the excitement of new discoveries? AAS Nova and Astrobites are two resources freely available to the astronomy community and the general public, intended to help readers learn about the most recent research published across the field of astronomy. Both supported by the American Astronomical Society, these two daily astrophysical literature blogs provide accessible summaries of recent publications in AAS journals and on the arXiv. As both AAS Nova and Astrobites directly distill original studies, these resources constitute a critical bridge between astronomy researchers and educators, outreach practitioners, and the broader astronomy community. The material on these two websites — which includes a total archive of more than 2,500 research study summaries — is written accessibly while still providing access to the original sources and outcomes. As a result, AAS Nova and Astrobites can be used by educators and outreach practitioners to easily introduce the latest in astronomical research studies into classrooms and outreach events.
FM14 Session 2: Communicating Astronomy in our Changing World
Authors: Waller William H. , Canas Lina , Agata Hidehiko , Yamaoka Hitoshi , Karino Shigeyuki , Cenadelli Davide , Bernagozzi Andrea Ettore , Christille Jean Marc , Benedetto Matteo , Calabrese Matteo , Calcidese Paolo , Gelderman Richard , Hayashi Saeko S. , Lubowich Donald , Madura Thomas , Christian Carol , Hurd David , Silberman Ken , Walker Kyle , McVoy Shannon , Massey Robert , Radajewski Bogumił , Mikołajewski Maciej , Czart Krzysztof , Guz Iwona , Rubaszewski Adam , Stelmach Tomasz , Ros Rosa M. , Viñuales Ederlinda , Garca Beatriz , Sánchez Yuly E. , Vargas Domínguez Santiago , Acosta Cesar , Rodríguez Nayive , Sekhar Aswin , Sundin Maria , Andersson Petra , Finnsgård Christian , Larsson Lars , Miller Ron , Tomita Akihiko , Wadadekar Yogesh
Published: March 2020

As the IAU heads towards its second century, many changes have simultaneously transformed Astronomy and the human condition world-wide. Amid the amazing recent discoveries of exoplanets, primeval galaxies, and gravitational radiation, the human condition on Earth has become blazingly interconnected, yet beset with ever-increasing problems of over-population, pollution, and never-ending wars. Fossil-fueled global climate change has begun to yield perilous consequences. And the displacement of people from war-torn nations has reached levels not seen since World War II.
The IAU Strategic Plan for 2020-2030: OAD
Authors: van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Meloy Elmegreen Debra
Published: March 2020

The IAU Strategic Plan for 2020-2030 presents an overview of all of the activities of the IAU along with priorities, key goals, mandates, and specific actions. Here future plans and goals are outlined for the Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD).
The DARA Big Data Project
Authors: Scaife Anna M. M. , Cooper Sally E.
Published: March 2020

The DARA Big Data project is a flagship UK Newton Fund & GCRF program in partnership with the South African Department of Science & Technology (DST). DARA Big Data provides bursaries for students from the partner countries of the African VLBI Network (AVN), namely Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia and Zambia, to study for MSc(R) and PhD degrees at universities in South Africa and the UK. These degrees are in the three data intensive DARA Big Data focus areas of astrophysics, health data and sustainable agriculture. The project also provides training courses in machine learning, big data techniques and data intensive methodologies as part of the Big Data Africa initiative.
The Data Observatory, a vehicle to foster digital economy using natural advantages in astronomy in Chile
Authors: Arancibia Demián , Bayo Amelia , Cabrera-Vives Guillermo , Föster Francisco , González Roberto , Hamuy Mario , Carlos Maureira Juan , Quinn Peter , Rada Juan , Rodriguez Gabriel , Santander-Vela Juande , Tarenghi Massimo , Teresa Ruiz María , San-Martin Mauro , Williams Robert
Published: March 2020

The Astroinformatics Program is funded by the Chilean Economy Ministry’s (FIE Grant FIE-2016-V022, CORFO Grant 16IFI6626) with the mission to identify and initiate investments to foster Chilean Digital Economy, using Astronomy data-centric tools (known as astroinformatics). Over 2017 we worked with communities across sectors identifying opportunities to achieve the program mission, the Data Observatory vision emerged from that work and will guide design activities throughout 2018.
Elastic Impact Consequences for High‐Frequency Earthquake Ground Motion
Authors: Tsai Victor C. , Hirth Greg
Published: March 2020

A fundamental question of earthquake science is what produces damaging high‐frequency ground motion, with the classic Brune‐Haskell model postulating that abrupt fault slip causes it. However, even when amended with heterogeneous rupture, the model fails to explain observations of different sized repeating earthquakes and has challenges explaining high‐frequency radiation patterns. We propose an additional cause for high‐frequency earthquake spectra from elastic collisions of structures within a rupturing fault zone. The collision spectrum is set by an impact contact time proportional to the size of colliding structures so that spectra depend on fundamentally different physical parameters compared with slip models. When added to standard models, collisions can reconcile the discrepant observations since the size, shape, and orientation of structures vary between different fault zones but remain constant within a fault segment. High‐frequency earthquake ground motions and damage may therefore be an outgrowth of fault‐zone structure rather than sudden initiation of slip.
Assessing Long‐Term Postseismic Transients From GPS Time Series in Southern California
Authors: Guns K. A. , Bennett R. A.
Published: March 2020

In order to gain insight into long‐term plate boundary motion and to shed light on geodetic‐based fault slip rates and the seismic hazards they inform, we apply a forward modeling strategy to identify and reduce the short‐ and long‐term effects of viscoelastic postseismic deformation on modern GPS observations following large magnitude earthquakes in Southern California. We assess ongoing postseismic deformation in the southwestern United States by analyzing all magnitude ≥Mw6.0 earthquakes that have occurred there and in Baja California and Sonora, Mexico, since year 1800, finding that ongoing postseismic displacements from 12 events are potentially contributing to the modern day deformation field in Southern California. With a forward modeling step, we calculate postseismic displacements associated with these 12 events using a reference model consisting of a layered, laterally homogeneous, viscoelastic Earth structure; these displacements are then subtracted from processed horizontal GPS coordinate time series data to produce a postseismic‐reduced data set. In order to quantify the success of this forward modeling in reducing the postseismic signal, we estimate parameters representing logarithmic decay associated with the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake using two different time series analysis methods. Variance reduction indicates we were able to reduce postseismic deformation in this test case by up to 60%. Anomaly maps produced using our assessment of deformation around the El Mayor‐Cucapah event highlight hot spots in which secondary processes may be occurring or where a more complex viscosity structure may be necessary.
Crack‐Induced Shear‐Wave Orthorhombic Anisotropy: Modeling and Inversion of Shear‐Wave Borehole Measurements
Authors: Xu Song , Tang Xiao Ming , Su Yuan Da , Torres‐Verdín Carlos
Published: March 2020

Rocks in horizontally layered sediments often exhibit transversely isotropic (TI) characteristics and contain aligned fractures/cracks due to tectonic movement and stress. We model the effective elastic properties of the TI medium containing vertically aligned cracks using the sphere‐equivalency of the effective scattering method. Results show that the corresponding anisotropy of the VTI background medium containing vertically fluid‐filled ellipsoidal inclusions can be characterized by the orthorhombic anisotropy model. The shear‐wave anisotropy of the model is governed by three anisotropy parameters, corresponding to the horizontal plane, and the two vertical planes that are normal and parallel to the crack plane, respectively. Effects on anisotropy parameters due to cracks are examined in detail, showing that one can use shear‐wave measurements to evaluate both the TI and crack parameters of the cracked TI‐rock. Based on the theoretical analysis, we develop an inversion method to estimate shear anisotropy parameters from the four‐component shear‐wave logging measurement in a vertical borehole penetrating the orthorhombic rock. The inversion method is validated with synthetic data and applied to interpret acoustic anisotropy from borehole measurements acquired in a fractured shale formation, where theoretical predictions and measurements are found in good agreement.
Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates
Authors: Ramirez Ramses M. , Craddock Robert A. , Usui Tomohiro
Published: March 2020

The debate over the early Martian climate is among the most intriguing in planetary science. Although the geologic evidence generally supports a warmer and wetter climate, climate models have had difficulty simulating such a scenario, leading some to suggest that the observed fluvial geology (e.g., valley networks, modified landscapes) on the Martian surface could have formed in a cold climate instead. However, as we have originally predicted using a single‐column radiative‐convective climate model (Ramirez, Kopparapu, Zugger, et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2000), warming from CO2‐H2 collision‐induced absorption on a volcanically active early Mars could have raised mean surface temperatures above the freezing point, with later calculations showing that this is achievable with hydrogen concentrations as low as ~1%. Nevertheless, these predictions should be tested against more complex models. Here we use an advanced energy balance model that includes a northern lowlands ocean to show that mean surface temperatures near or slightly above the freezing point of water were necessary to carve the valley networks. Our scenario is consistent with a relatively large ocean as has been suggested. Valley network distributions would have been global prior to subsequent removal processes. At lower mean surface temperatures and smaller ocean sizes, precipitation and surface erosion efficiency diminish. The warm period may have been approximately <107 years, perhaps suggesting that episodic warming mechanisms were not needed. Atmospheric collapse and permanently glaciated conditions occur once surface ice coverage exceeds a threshold depending on collision‐induced absorption assumptions. Our results support an early warm and semiarid climate consistent with many geologic observations.
Application of a High‐Resolution Distributed Hydrological Model on a U.S.‐Canada Transboundary Basin: Simulation of the Multiyear Mean AnnualHydrograph and 2011 Flood of theRichelieu River Basin
Authors: Lucas‐Picher Philippe , Arsenault Richard , Poulin Annie , Ricard Simon , Lachance‐Cloutier Simon , Turcotte Richard
Published: March 2020

During spring 2011, an extreme flood occurred along the Richelieu River located in southern Quebec, Canada. The Richelieu River is the last section of the complex Richelieu basin, which is composed of the large Lake Champlain located in a valley between two large mountains. Previous attempts in reproducing the Richelieu River flow relied on the use of simplified lumped models and showed mixed results. In order to prepare a tool to assess accurately the change of flood recurrences in the future, a state‐of‐the‐art distributed hydrological model was applied over the Richelieu basin. The model setup comprises several novel methods and data sets such as a very high resolution river network, a modern calibration technique considering the net basin supply of Lake Champlain, a new optimization algorithm, and the use of an up‐to‐date meteorological data set to force the model. The results show that the hydrological model is able to satisfactorily reproduce the multiyear mean annual hydrograph and the 2011 flow time series when compared with the observed river flow and an estimation of the Lake Champlain net basin supply. Many factors, such as the quality of the meteorological forcing data, that are affected by the low density of the station network, the steep terrain, and the lake storage effect challenged the simulation of the river flow. Overall, the satisfactory validation of the hydrological model allows to move to the next step, which consists in assessing the impacts of climate change on the recurrence of Richelieu River floods.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates neuromuscular synapse elimination
Authors: Fu Xiu-Qing , Peng Jian , Wang Ai-Hua , Luo Zhen-Ge
Published: March 2020

During the development of mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the original supernumerary axon inputs are gradually eliminated, finally leaving each muscle fiber innervated by a single axon terminal. However, the molecular cues that mediate the elimination of redundant axon inputs remain unclear. Here we show that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expressed in postsynaptic muscle cells plays an important role in presynaptic axonal elimination at the NMJ. We found that intramuscular injection of TNFα into the levator auris longus (LAL) muscles caused disassociation of presynaptic nerve terminals from the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters. By contrast, genetic ablation of TNFα globally or specifically in skeletal muscle cells, but not in motoneurons or Schwann cells, delayed the synaptic elimination. Moreover, ablation of TNFα in muscle cells attenuated the tendency of activity-dependent competition in a motoneuron–muscle coculture system. These results suggest a role of postsynaptic TNFα in the elimination of redundant synaptic inputs.
Transcriptomic resources for evolutionary studies in flat periwinkles and related species
Authors: Marques João P. , Sotelo Graciela , Galindo Juan , Chaube Pragya , Costa Diana , Afonso Sandra , Panova Marina , Nowick Katja , Butlin Roger , Hollander Johan , Faria Rui
Published: March 2020

The flat periwinkles,Littorina fabalisandL. obtusata, comprise two sister gastropod species that have an enormous potential to elucidate the mechanisms involved in ecological speciation in the marine realm. However, the molecular resources currently available for these species are still scarce. In order to circumvent this limitation, we used RNA-seq data to characterize the transcriptome of four individuals from each species sampled in different locations across the Iberian Peninsula. Fourde novotranscriptome assemblies were generated, as well as a pseudo-reference using theL. saxatilisreference transcriptome as backbone. After transcripts’ annotation, variant calling resulted in the identification of 19,072 to 45,340 putatively species-diagnostic SNPs. The discriminatory power of a subset of these SNPs was validated by implementing an independent genotyping assay to characterize reference populations, resulting in an accurate classification of individuals into each species and in the identification of hybrids between the two. These data comprise valuable genomic resources for a wide range of evolutionary and conservation studies in flat periwinkles and related taxa.
Physical activity, time use, and food intakes of rural households in Ghana, India, and Nepal
Authors: Zanello Giacomo , Srinivasan C. S. , Picchioni Fiorella , Webb Patrick , Nkegbe Paul , Cherukuri Radhika , Neupane Shailes
Published: March 2020

With more than 820 million undernourished people living in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), ending hunger and ensuring access to food by all is a global priority. In the past few decades, the adoption of technological innovations in the agricultural sector and related crop yield improvements have not led to expected improvements in the nutritional status of rural households in many LMICs. The increased energy expenditure associated with the adoption of productivity-enhancing innovations may provide an important explanation of the disconnect between agricultural productivity enhancements and improved nutritional outcomes. We develop a methodology for generating reliable livelihood energy/calorie expenditure profiles for rural agricultural households using research-grade accelerometer devices. We integrate the data on physical activity and energy expenditure in rural households with data on time-use and food intakes to generate a data set that provides a unique window into rural livelihoods. This can be a valuable resource to analyse agriculture-nutrition impact pathways and improve the welfare of rural and agricultural households.
pH-responsive high stability polymeric nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Palanikumar L. , Al-Hosani Sumaya , Kalmouni Mona , Nguyen Vanessa P. , Ali Liaqat , Pasricha Renu , Barrera Francisco N. , Magzoub Mazin
Published: March 2020

The practical application of nanoparticles (NPs) as chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems is often hampered by issues such as poor circulation stability and targeting inefficiency. Here, we have utilized a simple approach to prepare biocompatible and biodegradable pH-responsive hybrid NPs that overcome these issues. The NPs consist of a drug-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) core covalently ‘wrapped’ with a crosslinked bovine serum albumin (BSA) shell designed to minimize interactions with serum proteins and macrophages that inhibit target recognition. The shell is functionalized with the acidity-triggered rational membrane (ATRAM) peptide to facilitate internalization specifically into cancer cells within the acidic tumor microenvironment. Following uptake, the unique intracellular conditions of cancer cells degrade the NPs, thereby releasing the chemotherapeutic cargo. The drug-loaded NPs showed potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo while exhibiting no toxicity to healthy tissue. Our results demonstrate that the ATRAM-BSA-PLGA NPs are a promising targeted cancer drug delivery platform.
Multiplexed detection of biomarkers in lateral-flow immunoassays
Authors: Huang Lei , Tian Shulin , Zhao Wenhao , Liu Ke , Ma Xing , Guo Jinhong
Published: March 2020

Multiplexed detection of biomarkers,i.e., simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in a single assay, can enhance diagnostic precision, improve diagnostic efficiency, reduce diagnostic cost, and alleviate pain of patients.
Electron acceptors promote proton–hydride tautomerism in low valent rhenium β-diketiminates
Authors: Lohrey Trevor D. , Fostvedt Jade I. , Bergman Robert G. , Arnold John
Published: March 2020

We report a series of β-diketiminate (BDI) complexes in which tautomeric rhenium(iii) hydride and rhenium(i) protio-BDI species readily interconvert between the solid and solution states.
Quantifying the efficiency and selectivity of organohalide dechlorination by zerovalent iron
Authors: He Feng , Gong Li , Fan Dimin , Tratnyek Paul G. , Lowry Gregory V.
Published: March 2020

The various types and definitions of efficiency and selectivity that are used to quantitate the performance of organohalide reduction by zerovalent iron are reviewed and compared.
CO2reduction to acetic acid on the greigite Fe3S4{111} surface
Authors: Santos-Carballal David , Roldan Alberto , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: March 2020

The greigite Fe3S4{111} surface catalyses the CO2conversion into acetic acid (CH3–COOH)viaa glyoxylic acid (CHO–COOH) intermediate.
Multiscale brain research on a microfluidic chip
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Demirci Utkan , Chen Yun , Chen Pu
Published: March 2020

We report recent progress in applying innovative microfluidic chip-based neurotechnologies to promote multiscale brain research across the hierarchical organizations from the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels up to the whole organism level.
Lithium amide catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles
Authors: Ghosh Pradip , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: March 2020

An operationally facile hydroboration of nitriles is reported that utilizes the stable and inexpensive catalyst LiN(SiMe3)2. The reaction displayed good tolerance of functional groups and also converted carbonyl derivatives.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl or alkenyl sulfonates with aryl titanium as the multi-functional reagent
Authors: Lee Hang Wai , So Chau Ming , Yuen On Ying , Wong Wing Tak , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: March 2020

The first palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl/heteroaryl and alkenyl mesylates and tosylates with aryl titanium as the multi-functional reagent is reported.
Material-dependent performance of fuel-free, light-activated, self-propelling colloids
Authors: Leeth Holterhoff Andrew , Girgis Victoria , Gibbs John G.
Published: March 2020

Self-propelling, light-activated colloidal particles can be actuated in water alone, but their performance is material-dependent.
Synthesis of diaryl ether components of ellagitannins using ortho-quinone with consonant mesomeric effects
Authors: Konishi Hayato , Hirokane Tsukasa , Hashimoto Hajime , Ikeuchi Kazutada , Matsumoto Shintaro , Wakamori Shinnosuke , Yamada Hidetoshi
Published: March 2020

Methods for synthesizing C–O digallate structures, the basic unit of diaryl ether components of natural ellagitannins, are described. In the designed building block, consonantly overlapped mesomeric effects enhanced its electrophilicity.
New isomeric Ni(NCS)2 coordination compounds: crystal structures, magnetic properties as well as ex situ and in situ investigations on their synthesis and transition behaviour
Authors: Wellm Carsten , Neumann Tristan , Ceglarska Magdalena , Gallo Gianpiero , Rams Michał , Dinnebier Robert E. , Näther Christian
Published: March 2020

Some stable and metastable isomeric Ni(NCS)2 chain compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized and investigated for their transformation behavior and their magnetic properties using a variety of methods.
Study on torsional vibration of RT60 crane transmission system
Authors: Xiao Nengqi , Xu Xiang , Zhou Ruiping
Published: March 2020

In the process of engineering use, the elastic coupling of the RT60 crane transmission system has a large noise and even breaks down sometimes. In this paper, RT60 crane transmission system is the research object. A finite element model and a discrete model for torsional vibration of transmission system are established by finite element method and lumped parameter method. Through the study of the finite element model and the vibration test of transmission system, the correctness of the system model, equivalent parameter, calculation method and MATLAB program are verified. Because of the high efficiency of the torsional vibration discrete system, the discrete model is used in this paper to replace the finite element model. The free vibration and response vibration of the crane transmission system are calculated and analyzed, and the reasons for the existence of the system noise are explained in the starting stage. Through the study of the vibration theory and the matching method of the elastic coupling, the CX-45-VFA-60-11 elastic coupling is proposed to replace the CX-45-VFA-11 elastic coupling. In this paper, the data signal is collected by the hall gear sensor, and the data are analyzed by the self-developed vibration tester. The vibration amplitude of the torsional vibration of the crane transmission system is greatly reduced by testing the transmission system of the replacement of the elastic coupling. This paper provides a theoretical guiding significance for the low noise design of the crane transmission system.
The operation of charcoal blast furnaces in the XIXth century
Authors: Nicolle Rémy
Published: March 2020

Processing conditions in charcoal blast furnaces and their related internal phenomena are described, with good precision in papers and books by Hassenfratz, Karsten, Dumas, and especially Ebelmen in 1841, using, for the first time, the newly developed techniques of chemical analyses of gases and solids. Reviewing their publications at the light of more recent physical chemistry data and further developed blast furnace models, brings about a more detailed evaluation of the internal phenomena occurring inside charcoal blast furnaces and about their operating point. As industrial measurements have been carried out on small size blast furnaces, it may also bring a contribution to the archeology of early blast furnace metallurgy.
Empirical processes for recurrent and transient random walks in random scenery
Authors: Guillotin-Plantard Nadine , Pène Françoise , Wendler Martin
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we are interested in the asymptotic behaviour of the sequence of processes (Wn(s,t))s,t∈[0,1] with

\begin{equation*}
W_n(s,t):=\sum_{k=1}^{\lfloor nt\rfloor}\big(\mathds{1}_{\{\xi_{S_k}\leq s\}}-s\big)
\end{equation*}

where (ξx, x ∈ ℤd) is a sequence of independent random variables uniformly distributed on [0, 1] and (Sn)n ∈ ℕ is a random walk evolving in ℤd, independent of the ξ’s. In M. Wendler [Stoch. Process. Appl. 126 (2016) 2787–2799], the case where (Sn)n ∈ ℕ is a recurrent random walk in ℤ such that (n−1/αSn)n≥1 converges in distribution to a stable distribution of index α, with α ∈ (1, 2], has been investigated. Here, we consider the cases where (Sn)n ∈ ℕ is either:

(a) a transient random walk in ℤd,

(b) a recurrent random walk in ℤd such that (n−1/dSn)n≥1 converges in distribution to a stable distribution of index d ∈{1, 2}.
Die chronische Wunde und das lymphologische Therapiekonzept
Authors: Cornelsen Hauke
Published: March 2020

Die manuelle Lymphdrainage und die Kompressionstherapie sind heute in der Behandlung von Lymphödemen die nebenwirkungsfreien Therapiemöglichkeiten der ersten Wahl. Auch das Wissen über die Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Lymphgefäßsystems nimmt in der Behandlung chronischer Wunden einen immer größeren Platz ein.

Die Wirkungsmechanismen der manuellen Lymphdrainage und der lymphologischen Kompressionstherapie sind 1: Erhöhung der Lymphangiomotorik, Abtransport lymphpflichtiger Eiweißlast, Entödematisierung des Lymphödemgebiets, Abbau von Bindegwebsproliferationen sowie verbesserte Mikro- und Makrozirkulation.

Weiterhin sind die manuelle Lymphdrainage und die lymphologische Kompressionstherapie eine besondere Indikation in der Therapie der chronischen Wunde, da die Mikrozirkulation durch das beschriebene Behandlungskonzept verbessert wird.

Es ist von großem Vorteil, diese bei richtiger Diagnose und Ausführung in den Therapieverlauf der Behandlung der chronischen Wunde zu integrieren. Zudem ist davon auszugehen, dass die lokale Wundtherapie durch moderne Wundauflagen ebenfalls von diesen Wirkungsmechanismen profitiert und die Wundheilung zusätzlich fördern kann. Die Wundtherapie unter anderem auch krankengymnastisch zu unterstützen hat zu einem komplexen Behandlungsschema geführt, welches in der gefäßorientierten Therapie-Praxis durchgeführt wird.
Erhöht die Geburtseinleitung wegen eines frühen
vorzeitigen Blasensprungs ab 34+0 SSW das Risiko für einen
Kaiserschnitt?
Authors: Puhl Alexander , Weiss Christel , Schneid Anna , Zahn Eva , Kraft Katrina , Pretscher Jutta , Faschingbauer Florian , Beckmann Matthias W. , Kehl Sven
Published: March 2020

Ziel Die Geburtseinleitung in frühen Schwangerschaftswochen ab
34+0 SSW wird häufig in Verbindung mit einem erhöhten
Risiko für einen Kaiserschnitt gebracht. Zuletzt wies der PPROMT Trial
auf eine erhöhte Kaiserschnitt-Rate hin, wenn wegen einem frühen
vorzeitigen Blasensprung (PPROM) die Schwangerschaft vorzeitig beendet wird.
Ziel dieser Untersuchung war daher zu überprüfen, wie die
Effektivität einer Geburtseinleitung nach einem PPROM mit 34 und 35 SSW
im Vergleich zu einem höheren Gestationsalter ist.

Material und Methodik In diese historische Kohortenstudie wurden
Geburtseinleitungen ab 34+0 SSW wegen eines PPROM an zwei
Perinatalzentren eingeschlossen. Geburtseinleitungen mit 34 und 35 SSW (Gruppe
1) wurden mit denen zwischen 36+0 und 36+6 SSW (Gruppe 2)
respektive 37+0 bis 37+6 SSW (Gruppe 3) verglichen. Die
Geburtseinleitung erfolgte 12–24 Stunden nach dem Blasensprung, und eine
antibiotische Prophylaxe wurde routinemäßig gegeben. Der
primäre Zielparameter war die Kaiserschnitt-Rate.

Ergebnisse Es gab signifikant mehr Kaiserschnitte in der Gruppe 3 im
Vergleich zur Gruppe 2 (7 vs. 25%, p=0,0136), jedoch
konnte dieses Ergebnis in der univariablen und multiplen Regressionsanalyse
nicht bestätigt werden. Hierbei zeigte sich kein signifikanter Einfluss
des Gestationsalters (Gruppenzugehörigkeit) auf die Kaiserschnitt-Rate.
Signifikante Parameter, die dieses Risiko erhöhten, waren der Body mass
index und der Bishop score.

Schlussfolgerung Die Geburtseinleitung ab 34+0 SSW wegen eines
frühen vorzeitigen Blasensprungs ist nicht mit einer erhöhten
Rate an Kaiserschnitten assoziiert.
Target Sign of Third Ventricle in Basilar Dolichoectasia with Multiple Clinical Presentations: A Case Report
Authors: Patil Akshay S. , Iratwar Sandeep , Rathod Chetan , Korde Paresh
Published: March 2020

Basilar dolichoectasia (BDE) is an uncommon anatomical variant usually detected incidentally or during stroke evaluation. BDE can occasionally become symptomatic and may present with stroke (infarct or hemorrhage), raised intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus, or with cranial nerve palsies. We present a unique case of BDE presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus, stroke, and cranial nerve palsy in single patient and propose a radiological sign (target sign of third ventricle), which could aid in imaging diagnosis and further management.
Experimental Evidence Supports New Perspectives in Homeopathy
Authors: Dei Andrea
Published: March 2020

The contentious debate between homeopathy and orthodox medicine has been due to the fact that homeopathy is founded on a heuristic philosophy that is not justified by contemporary scientific evidence. In this context, however, two pillars of the method, that is, serial dilution and succussion, are poorly understood in orthodox pharmacology. The experimental data collected in the last 10 years, by means of electronic microscopy, electron diffraction and DNA arrays investigations, are consistent with the presence of nanoparticles (nanoassociates) in homeopathic medicines and seem to provide a coherent view of the essence of the homeopathy discipline, superseding all previous speculative interpretations. An acceptance of this new evidence is here suggested to remove, in principle, the barrier that separates the conventional and homeopathic therapeutic methods, and to offer new and important perspectives on future health care.
Maternal Amino Acid Profiles to Distinguish Constitutionally Small versus Growth-Restricted Fetuses Defined by Doppler Ultrasound: A Pilot Study
Authors: Porter Anne C. , Gumina Diane L. , Armstrong Michael , Maclean Kenneth N. , Reisdorph Nichole , Galan Henry L. , Stabler Sally P. , Bailey Beth A. , Hobbins John C. , Hurt K. Joseph
Published: March 2020

Objective Fetuses measuring below the 10th percentile for gestational age may be either constitutionally small for gestational age (SGA) or have pathologic fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR is associated with adverse outcomes; however, identification of low-risk SGA cases is difficult. We performed a pilot study evaluating maternal markers of pathologic FGR, hypothesizing there are distinct amino acid signatures that might be used for diagnosis and development of new interventions.

Study Design This was a cohort study of healthy women with sonographic fetal estimated fetal weight <5th percentile divided into two groups based upon umbilical artery (UmA) Doppler studies or uterine artery (UtA) Doppler studies. We collected maternal blood samples prior to delivery and used ion pair reverse phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to assess 44 amino acids.

Results Among 14 women included, five had abnormal UmA, and three had abnormal UtA Doppler results. Those with abnormal UmA showed elevated ornithine. Those with abnormal UtA had lower dimethylglycine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and 1-methylhistidine.

Conclusion We found several amino acids that might identify pregnancies affected by pathologic FGR. These findings support the feasibility of future larger studies to identify maternal metabolic approaches to accurately stratify risk for small fetuses.