bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH METODE BERCERITA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA DAN KARAKTER ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hidayah Siti Nur
Published: May 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh metode bercerita terhadap perkembangan bahasa dan karakter anak Sekolah Dasar. Hal yang dibahas dalam artikel ini antara lain, kemampuan berbahasa, keterampilan berbicara, tujuan berbicara, hubungan berbicara dangan keterampilan lain, jenis berbicara, metode bercerita, konsep cerita, tujuan bercerita, manfaat bercerita, peningkatan kemampuan berbicara siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui metode bercerita, dan pengaruh metode bercerita terhadap perkembangan bahasa dan karakter anak Sekolah Dasar. Penulis memanfaatkan berbagai literature untuk dijadikan pedoman dan sumber referensi. Simpulan dari artikel ini adalah pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar dapat ditanamkan salah satunya melalui pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan metode bercerita. Melalui metode bercerita seorang anak akan lebih mudah memahami materi pembelajaran. Selain itu, kemampuan berbahasa dan keterampilan berbicara pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar juga akan mengalami peningkatan.
KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK KRITIS, BAHAN SIMAKAN: PIDATO
Authors: Sari Ratna Intan
Published: May 2019

Keterampilan berbahasa terdiri atas menyimak, berbicara, membaca, dan menuis. Dalam sebuah pembelajaran bagi siswa, pembelajaran keterampilan berbahasa yang paling awal diterapkan adalah menyimak. Keterampilan menyimak mampu mengarahkan siswa untuk dapat menangkap informasi, pengetahuan, dan wawasan secara umum. Dalam pelaksanaan keterampilan menyimak, diperlukan bahan simakan yang dapat berupa tulisan maupun lisan, salah satu contohnya adalah bahan simakan berupa pidato secara lisan melalui rekaman atau video. Dengan menyimak dari sebuah pidato, siswa diharapkan mampu menangkap dengan baik seluruh informasi yang disampaikan dalam pidato tersebut. Dengan begitu, keterampilan berbahasa yang lainnya dapat dikembangkan secara baik dan lengkap.
Riset Aksi Partisipatif Desa Sehat Berdaya
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Megatsari Hario , Yoto Mohamad
Published: May 2019

Kegiatan Desa Sehat Berdaya yang dilakukan termasuk ke dalam kategori Action Research, atau Riset Aksi, atau Penelitian Tindakan, dengan desain pendekatan kualitatif. Action research adalah penelitian yang dilakukan untuk memecahkan masalah baik langsung atau melalui proses reflektif dari masalah progresif yang dilakukan oleh individu yang bekerja dengan orang lain dalam tim atau sebagai bagian dari komunitas sasaran untuk memperbaiki cara mereka mengatasi masalah dan memecahkan masalah .
SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI GURU MENYUSUN PERANGKAT PERSIAPAN PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Fajria Azizah
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana supervisi akademik dalam mengupayakan peningkatan motivasi guru menyusun perangkat persiapan pembelajaran. Pada penelitian ini sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran, Dengan adanya peningkatan kualitas guru ini dalam pembelajaran maka dapat menghasilkan prstasi bekajar siswa. Untuk itu upaya peningkatan motivasi belajar maupun kinerja guru hal yang dibutuhkan adalah komitmen dan kompetensinya seorang guru tersebut. Dengan adanya komitmen dan kompetensi yang tinggi ini dapat memiliki motivasi dan tanggungjawab yang tinggi pula untuk melaksanakan tugas pokok guru.
Recreational fishers consistently inform about different meridionalization dynamics of two Mediterranean subregions
Authors: Sbragaglia Valerio , Cerri Jacopo , Bolognini Luca , Dulčić Jakov , Grati Fabio , Dragičević3 Branko , Azzurro Ernesto
Published: May 2019

Marine recreational fishers accumulate a vast amount of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) during their fishing activity that can be of paramount importance for monitoring how climate change affects the structure of biological communities. Here, we accessed the LEK of recreational anglers and recreational spearfishers to investigate the increase in the abundance of five northward expanding indigenous thermophilic fish species in two subregions of the Mediterranean Sea: the Adriatic/Ionian Seas and the Tyrrhenian/Ligurian Seas. We used an online survey administered through Twitter and Facebook between 2017 and 2018 to both Italian and Croatian recreational fishers. A total of 794 respondents completed the questionnaire (386 from the Adriatic/Ionian subregion and 408 from the Tyrrhenian/Ligurian one). Overall, the species perceived as most increasing in abundance were Pomatomus saltatrix (71% of replies) followed by Sphyraena viridensis (58%). The rest of species (Coryphaena hippurus, Balistes capriscus and Sparisoma cretense) ranged between 17% and 25%. We showed that recreational fishers have a stable system of beliefs about meridionalization, which is perceived homogeneously between recreational anglers and spearfishers. Moreover, our results indicate that latitude is negatively correlated with meridionalization in the Adriatic/Ionian, but not in the Thyrrenian/Ligurian Seas, suggesting that meridionalization of the Adriatic/Ionian Seas could be a process that is temporally lagged with respect to the Tyrrhenian/Ligurian Seas. Our study demonstrate that LEK of specific target groups such as recreational fishers can be easily accessed on large geographical scale and it can be useful to identify those fish species who are regarded as indicators of climate change.
Designing good deception: Recursive theory of mind in lying and lie detection
Authors: Oey Lauren A. , Schachner Adena , Vul Edward
Published: May 2019

The human ability to deceive others and detect deception has long been tied to theory of mind. We make a stronger argument: in order to be adept liars – to balance gain (i.e. maximizing their own reward) and plausibility (i.e. maintaining a realistic lie) – humans calibrate their lies under the assumption that their partner is a rational, utility-maximizing agent. We develop an adversarial recursive Bayesian model that aims to formalize the behaviors of liars and lie detectors. We compare this model to (1) a model that does not perform theory of mind computations and (2) a model that has perfect knowledge of the opponent’s behavior. To test these models, we introduce a novel dyadic, stochastic game, allowing for quantitative measures of lies and lie detection. In a second experiment, we vary the ground truth probability. We find that our rational models qualitatively predict human lying and lie detecting behavior better than the non-rational model. Our findings suggest that humans control for the extremeness of their lies in a manner reflective of rational social inference. These findings provide a new paradigm and formal framework for nuanced quantitative analysis of the role of rationality and theory of mind in lying and lie detecting behavior.
Continuous Developmental Change Explains Discontinuities in Word Learning
Authors: Fourtassi Abdellah , Regan Sophie , Frank Michael C.
Published: May 2019

Cognitive development is often characterized in terms of discontinuities, but these discontinuities can sometimes be apparent rather than actual and can arise from continuous developmental change. To explore this idea, we use as a case study the finding by Stager and Werker (1997) that children's early ability to distinguish similar sounds does not automatically translate into word learning skills. Early explanations proposed that children may not be able to encode subtle phonetic contrasts when learning novel word meanings, thus suggesting a discontinuous/stage-like pattern of development. However, later work has revealed (e.g., through using more precise testing methods) that children do encode such contrasts, thus favoring a continuous pattern of development. Here we propose a probabilistic model that represents word knowledge in a graded fashion and characterizes developmental change as improvement in the precision of this graded knowledge. Our model explained previous findings in the literature and provided a new prediction --- the referents' visual similarity modulates word learning accuracy. The models' predictions were corroborated by human data we collected from both preschool children and adults. The broader impact of this work is to show that computational models, such as ours, can help us explore the extent to which episodes of cognitive development that are typically thought of as discontinuities may emerge from simpler, continuous mechanisms.
The Design and Development of Identification of Students' Misconceptions in Individualized Learning Environment (iSMILE) System
Authors: Bhagat Kaushal Kumar , Subheesh N P , Bhattacharya Bani , Chang Chun-Yen
Published: May 2019

With the rapid development of technology, incorporation of Information Communication Technology (ICT) for formative assessment purpose has been increasing over the past decade. This article describes the design and development of identification of students' misconceptions in an individualized learning environment (iSMILE) system that includes accommodations for students’ misconceptions in order to improve student’s conceptual understanding and finally learning outcome. The assessment process is carried out by preparing two-level multiple-choice questions. Misconceptions are identified for each instructional objective to make a root question and linked questions. Depending on the answers provided by the student in first level, the linked questions are given to get more information regarding the misconception. Based on the first and second level answers of students, feedbacks are provided with the misconception identified. One of the most important differences of our iSMILE system, with respect to the other developed systems, is the inclusion of misconception based feedback. The iSMILE system has been developed by using open source ICT tools (like MySQL, Apache, etc.) which make the system free of cost and accessible and editable by any instructor from anywhere and at any time.
“Thirst for Obedience”: A Freudian Analysis of the Father-Leader in Adorno and Beauvoir
Authors: Vivid Jules
Published: May 2019

Theodor W. Adorno’s 1951 essay, “A Freudian analysis of Fascist Propaganda,” is a fertile ground for comparison with the work of feminist existential philosopher Simone de Beauvoir’s 1949 The Second Sex. The following exposition of Adorno’s essay and the “Introductory" and “Independent Woman” chapters in Beauvoir’s The Second Sex examines how Adorno’s application of Freudian psychoanalytic theory of mass psychology and the modern authoritarian state aligns with Beauvoir’s theoretical dialectic of the man as transcendent Subject versus the woman as immanent Other. The connective thread in both contexts is a hegemonic teleology of dominance. This hegemony is an apparatus for and function of both predominately male fascist dictators and sexist social actors who pander to collective entities of followers captivated by the ostensible auspices of what I am referring to as the “Father-Leader.” The following use of the term Father-Leader will be used as symbolically to simplify the analogy between Adorno’s fascist dictator and the historically paternalistic man. The symbolic authority of the Father-Leader lies in his ability to generate an affect-driven, hypnotic libidinal bond through the mechanisms of identification and idealization with a mass ancillary entity, in this case either a fascist following of a nation or a large majority of the population, thus maintaining social and political privilege, influence, and control.
Integrated surface geophysical approach to locate a karst conduit: a case study from Royal Spring Basin, Kentucky, USA
Authors: Tripathi G. N. , Fryar A. E.
Published: May 2019

Groundwater flow in karst terrains is difficult to map because it can be concentrated through conduits that do not necessarily coincide with the surface features. We applied electrical resistivity (ER) and self-potential (SP) techniques at three sites to locate an inferred trunk conduit feeding a major spring in the Inner Bluegrass region of Kentucky (USA). Royal Spring is the primary water supply for the city of Georgetown; the upper part of its basin coincides with the Cane Run watershed. ER profiles (972 m total length) were measured using a dipole–dipole electrode configuration with 2- to 3-m spacing. SP measurements were taken along those ER lines and an additional test profile (230 m) using one stationary reference electrode and another roving electrode at a fixed interval. The SP technique has been used by many researchers to detect the electro kinetic potential generated by groundwater flow. The low resistivity of water in the conduit, as compared to the high background resistivity of limestone bedrock, was the ER exploration target. A negative SP anomaly corresponded to a low ER anomaly for most of the profiles, but a few are not comparable. Although SP data collected over multiple days along the test profile differed significantly, they showed similar trends. Field drift in SP data was found to be highly sensitive to temperature changes during the time of measurement. Although the overall trends of the final SP profiles for different dates were similar, the SP magnitudes varied with the amount of precipitation and the average soil temperature. The low-resistivity anomalies in the 2D inverted sections and corresponding negative SP anomalies at two sites (Berea Road and Kentucky Horse Park) encountered water-filled conduits, although mudfilled voids encountered during drilling at University of Kentucky Agricultural Research Farm sites suggest that these may be tributary conduits rather than the trunk conduit.
Evolution of fluvial system and reconstruction of paleohydrology of late Cenozoic Siwalik Group, related to tectonic uplift of Himalaya and climatic change, Kankai River section, east Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Ulak Prakash Das
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses on evolution of the fluvial system in the late Cenozoic Siwalik Group along the Kankai River section of East Nepal. The Siwalik Group lies on the southern flank of the Himalaya and composed of molasse sediments, which were derived from upheaval of the Himalaya. On the basis of lithology, assemblage of sedimentary structures and sediment body architectures, seven facies associations (FA1 to FA7) are recognized in the Kankai River section, East Nepal Himalaya. These recognized facies associations are closely related to each lithostratigraphic units of the area (Ulak 2009). The lower and upper members of the Lower Siwaliks are the products of the fine-grained meandering and flood flow-dominated meandering systems, respectively. The lower, middle and upper members of the Middle Siwaliks are interpreted as the deposits of the sandy meandering, deep sandy braided and shallow braided systems, respectively whereas the lower and upper members of the Upper Siwaliks are the products of the gravelly braided and debris flow-dominated braided systems, respectively. Paleohydrological characteristics and its evolutional changes of the group have been estimated by using grain diameter and thickness of fining upward fluvial successions. The paleohydrology suggests an increase in of flow velocity, channel slope gradient, and discharge of the fluvial system. Paleovelocity varies from 0.19 m/s to 5.31 m/s paleochannel gradient and paleodischarge changes from 6.67x10-5 to 2.97x10-4 m/m and 101 to 104 m3/s, respectively in stratigraphic upward. The progressively changes in the paleohydrology reflect the southward propagation of thrust activities, caused upheaval of the Himalaya.
Dipterocarpus Gaertn. (Dipterocarpaceae) leaf from the Middle Siwalik of eastern Nepal and its phytogeographic and climatic significance
Authors: Srivastava Gaurav , Adhikari Purushottam , Mehrotra Rakesh C. , Paudel Lalu , Uhl Dieter , Paudayal Khum N.
Published: May 2019

A leaf of Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae) is described from the Lower member of Middle Siwalik of eastern Nepal. Its presence indicates that during the deposition of the sediments there was a warm and humid climate with dry season of not more than 3–4 months. The modern distribution of the genus and family reveals that nowadays they have disappeared from the modern flora of Nepal. The most plausible reason for their disappearance might be an increase in length of the dry season caused by the upliftment of the Himalaya.
Citizen Involvement: Fostering Alternatives and Risk Considerations on Natuna Rural Coastal Borderland
Authors: Septiawan Armauliza , Sintanigrum Sintanigrum
Published: May 2019

The rural coastal development phenomenon in Natuna Regency hasn’t shown improvement significantly, especially in potential development resources utilizing to be a strategy and performance which can reduce the development problems faced. This study aims to explore the suitability of the rural coastal development strategy with its main mission, alternative actions where are the risk considerations and also the citizen involvement on the rural coastal development strategy. This research using a qualitative approach. Hence, the research process is carried out deeply and through the data collection techniques process systematiclythrough of interviewing informants in the field, studying data and relevant information analyzing. The results explain about the Natuna rural coastal development strategy has not fully implemented the risk considerations as a main consequence to thedevelopment benefits failure activities undertaken. This finding is the lack of involvement influence for the rural coastal villagers, especially in the citizen’s idea repositioning process as an alternative forrural developing strategy implemented,thus for the development goals achieving in Natuna rural coastal.
Efektivitas Program Penanggulangan Anak Jalanan Berbasis Community Development di Kota Serang (Studi Pada Program Rumah Singgah)
Authors: Hasanah Budi , Putri Liza Diniarizky
Published: May 2019

One aspect that often escapes the government's priority agenda is to realize the constitutional mandate to deviate policies that involve the role of parents, families, communities, countries, governments, and local governments to develop obligations, namely to protect (to protect), fulfill (to fulfill) and respect the rights of children, especially children, which fall into the category of social problems such as street children in Serang City. This research article aims to determine the effectiveness of community development-based street children prevention programs in the city of Serang in the study of the Shelter House Program. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. To find out the phenomenon of research regarding the effectiveness of street children prevention programs based on community development in the city of Serang today by using Duncan's theory which consists of 3 (three) indicators, namely achievement of goals, integration, and adaptation. The results showed that the prevention of street children based on community development on the shelter program was not effective

Salah satu aspek yang sering kali luput dari agenda prioritas pemerintah adalah merealisasikan amanat konstitusi sampai pada kebijakan devirat yang menyangkut peranan orang tua, keluarga, masyarakat, negara, pemerintah, dan pemerintah daerah untuk mengembankan kewajiban, yaitu melindungi (to protect), memenuhi (to fulfill) dan menghormati (to respect) hak-hak anak terutama anak yang termasuk ke dalam kategori masalah sosial seperti anak jalanan di Kota Serang. artikel penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas program penanggulangan anak jalanan berbasis community development di Kota Serang studi pada Program Rumah Singgah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Untuk mengetahui fenomena penelitian mengenai efektivitas program penanggulangan anak jalanan berbasis community development di Kota Serang saat ini dengan menggunakan teori Duncan yang di dalamnya terdiri dari 3 (tiga) indikator, yaitu pencapaian tujuan, integrasi, dan adaptasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penanggulangan anak jalanan berbasis community development pada pada Program rumah singgah tidak berjalan efektif.
On Anticipatory Accounts
Authors: Mack Abigail Jane
Published: May 2019

Engaging an account of a judicial decision made in the Los Angeles Mental Health
Court, this article interrogates the role of anticipation in the lived negotiation
of moral, social and institutional orders. As Judge Samuel Benton recounts his
attempt to let himself ‘emotionally off the hook’ in the wake of a patient’s suicide,
anticipation emerges as: 1) an ordered, linear sequencing of events towards logical
ends; 2) unsettled, temporally disjunctive engagements with the past in order to
make sense of present experience and ambiguous futures; 3) existential negotiations
of one’s potential morality and social belonging; and 4) distributed organization of
information between people and across objects in order to elaborate present and
future experience. These manifestations of anticipation reveal the social and temporal
contingency and deep intersubjectivity of our negotiations with uncertainty in the
unsettling process of becoming moral.
The Search for Politanky
Authors: Elias Carol Simon
Published: May 2019

As the child of Holocaust survivors, I had thought that after more than seventy-five
years little else could be learnt. But I was wrong. After my second journey to Ukraine and
Transnistria in order to discover how my family had survived when hundreds of thousands
of Jews had perished, I realized just how much so. Bukovina’s Jews from Romania, Ukraine
and Bessarabia had faced horrific pogroms, forced evacuations and death marches, and
had then crossed the Dniester River into Transnistria. These are lesser known topics in
Holocaust history. Of the 450,000 Jews sent there, approximately 250,000 died, not by
guns, gas or ovens but through thirst, starvation, disease and bullet-free mass murders
carried out by the Nazis and their Romanian allies. Transnistria’s Holocaust history must
be visited and revised. We owe it to the survivors, ourselves, our children and to history
itself, before altering what has been written, or not, becomes impossible.
“Ukrainian Law about Higher Education” as guaranty of mobbing prevention in higher educational institutions
Authors: Dmytryk T.
Published: May 2019

In the jubilee article devoted to Yakym Yarema, a well-known linguist, educator, psychologist, a long-term chairman of the department of foreign language of Lviv Zooveterinary Institute, the issues of mobing are clarified – one of the most acute psychological pedagogical modern problems. The main feature of the mobing – regular and purposeful task of mental physical harm to a person, that is reflected in the psychological terror, carried out by a person of a group of persons against a colleague at work or at education. The Law of Ukraine on Higher Education is the key to overcoming the negative phenomena among participants in the educational process as a horizontal one (among colleagues and work comrades), and at the vertical level (head teacher – teacher, teacher – student). Full and high-quality education can be obtained in free from corruption HEI and in a psychologically favorable scientific educational environment.
Saying Good and Bad Things Behind Someone’s Back or to Their Face: Perceived Source Selflessness and Trust in Information Matter When the Information Is Positive
Authors: Cantarero Katarzyna , Byrka Katarzyna , Van Tilburg Wijnand A.P. , Komorowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2019

This study explores the consequences of gossiping on impression formation as compared to the consequences of direct communication in the presence of the target individual. Specifically, we focus on perceived source selflessness and trust in the information conveyed about the target individual as important factors for impression formation. In an internet-based study, participants (N = 155) evaluated descriptions of target individuals presented as gossip (spoken outside the target individual’s presence), as direct communication (spoken in the presence of the target individual) or without any information about the source. Analyses yielded no significant differences between experimental conditions on the impression of the target individual. However, we found that trust in information mediated the relation between perceived source selflessness and the general impression of the target individual, yet only when the information about the target individual is positive.
Mass prophylaxis in an outbreak of invasive group A streptococcal disease in a residential aged care facility
Authors: Vasant Bhakti R , Jarvinen Kari A J , Fang Ning-Xia , Smith Helen V , Jennison Amy V
Published: May 2019

In September 2016, an invasive group A streptococcal disease outbreak occurred among residents of a residential aged care facility. An expert advisory group recommended mass prophylaxis for residents and staff in addition to strict infection control practices to prevent further spread. Whole genome sequencing confirmed the cases were related.
A protracted outbreak of Salmonella Hessarek infection associated with one brand of eggs—South Australia, March 2017 - July 2018
Authors: Kenny Bernadette , Miller Megge J , McEvoy Vanessa , Centofanti Alessia , Stevens Cherylyn P
Published: May 2019

Salmonella Hessarek is an uncommon serotype in Australia. We report on the investigation of a protracted outbreak of 25 cases of S. Hessarek gastroenteritis in which cases were defined as any laboratory confirmed case of Salmonella Hessarek notified to the South Australian Communicable Disease Control Branch from 1st March 2017 to 3 July 2018. We conducted a descriptive case series investigation interviewing all cases and 17 (68%) reported consuming brand X free-range eggs. Four samples of one-dozen brand X eggs were cultured for the presence of Salmonella spp. One out of the four samples returned positive for S. Hessarek in the contents of the eggs; Salmonella was not present in any of the whole egg rinses of the four samples. The high proportion of cases reporting the consumption of brand X free-range eggs and the isolation of S. Hessarek from sampling four dozen brand X eggs is an unusually strong signal implicating brand X eggs as the source of this outbreak. From a public health perspective, it is important to understand the behaviour of S. Hessarek including its ability to be present in the content of eggs and further research is recommended. The findings in this investigation into a rare Salmonella serotype highlight the need for continuous monitoring of the epidemiology of Salmonella in Australia including the epidemiology of egg-associated Salmonella outbreaks of human disease.
Taxonomic separateness of the subspecies of Noctua interjecta Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) inhabiting central Europe
Authors: Nowacki Janusz , Panagiotopoulou-Stawnicka Hanna , Rutkowski Robert , Wąsala Roman
Published: May 2019

This study focuses on morphological and genetic differences between two central European subspecies of the noctuid moth Noctua interjecta Hübner: N. interjecta interjecta Hübner, 1803 from Transcarpathia in Ukraine and N. interjecta caliginosa (Schawerda, 1919) from Poland. While the morphological differences between these taxa are fairly obvious, individuals from these two populations were found to differ also genetically, as indicated by the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequences. The Transcarpathian population exhibits solely the NImizH3 haplotype, but the Polish one the relatively distant NImizH1 and NImizH2 haplotypes. A Neighbour-Joining tree and a network of haplotypes separated the two haplotypes found in Poland (N. i. caliginosa) from those derived from NImizH3 (N. i. interjecta). The divergence time for these two groups was estimated as 400–600 thousand years before present, coinciding with the maximum extent of the Pleistocene ice-sheet covering Europe.
Effects of cold exposure on Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupal period, proportion of adult emergence, weight and deformation percentage
Authors: Sönmez Evrim , Koç Yeşim
Published: May 2019

Low temperatures affect many life history traits of insects. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of duration of cold exposure on the length of Tenebrio molitor’s pupal period, proportion of adult emergence, adult weight and proportion of deformed adults. The trials were conducted in a laboratory in constant conditions with wheat flour and whole-wheat flour meal were used as food. Cold-exposed groups were achieved by exposing pupae taken on the first day after pupation for 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days at +4 °C. The results showed that as the period of cold increased, pupal period extended and proportion of deformed adults increased whereas there were no or less straightforward effects on adult weights and proportion of emerged adults, respectively
A Case of an Incidentally Detected Retroperitoneal Schwannoma: Current Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Schwannoma
Authors: GUL Mehmet Onur , HUSEYİN Mehmet Torun , GULSEVEN Tahsin , AKYUZ Cebrail
Published: May 2019

Schwannomas are
tumors that originate from Schwann cells in the nerve sheath. They most
commonly manifest in the head, neck and extremities and rarely can arise from
the retroperitoneum. Here, we reported a case of an incidentally detected
retroperitoneal schwannoma in a 34-year-old female and discussed the current
techniques for diagnosis and treatment methods of schwannomas.
Effect of Ground Transportation on Adrenocortical Activity in Prepuberal Female Mice from Five Different Genetic Backgrounds
Authors: Rumpel Sonja , Scholl Christina , Göbel Anja , Palme Rupert , Mahabir Esther
Published: May 2019

Specific experimental protocols necessitate transportation, a potentially stressful event that could confound results. We determined adrenocortical activity by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs), as a stress marker, in prepuberal (three-week old) female C57BL/6J, C57BL/6NCrl, FVB/NCrl, Crl:CD1(ICR), and BALB/cAnCrl mice. On each transport day, five female cage mates per genetic background were weaned and transported in stable groups via truck from the breeding to the research facility. Fecal pellets were collected on Days 0, 1, and 4. Mice were superovulated for embryo production to determine if repeated fecal collection impacts this procedure. The average duration of transportation over 600 km and from packing to unpacking of mice was 7.24 and 22.62 h, respectively. FCM levels increased from Day 0 to Day 1 and decreased on Day 4 in all genetic backgrounds except in FVB/NCrl, but only B6N showed significantly higher FCM levels on Day 1. Furthermore, embryo production was not affected by repeated feces collection. The results show that weaning and immediate transport of prepuberal mice from the breeding to the research facility led to temporal and genetic background-dependent increases of adrenocortical activity in four of the five genetic backgrounds investigated, which returned to baseline levels within four days.
Future Directions for Personality Research: Contributing New Insights to the Understanding of Animal Behavior
Authors: Wilson Vanessa , Guenther Anja , Øverli Øyvind , Seltmann Martin W. , Altschul Drew
Published: May 2019

As part of the European Conference on Behavioral Biology 2018, we organized a symposium entitled, “Animal personality: providing new insights into behavior?” The aims of this symposium were to address current research in the personality field, spanning both behavioral ecology and psychology, to highlight the future directions for this research, and to consider whether differential approaches to studying behavior contribute something new to the understanding of animal behavior. In this paper, we discuss the study of endocrinology and ontogeny in understanding how behavioral variation is generated and maintained, despite selection pressures assumed to reduce this variation. We consider the potential mechanisms that could link certain traits to fitness outcomes through longevity and cognition. We also address the role of individual differences in stress coping, mortality, and health risk, and how the study of these relationships could be applied to improve animal welfare. From the insights provided by these topics, we assert that studying individual differences through the lens of personality has provided new directions in behavioral research, and we encourage further research in these directions, across this interdisciplinary field.
The Influence of Age on the Activity of Selected Biochemical Parameters of the Mouflon (Ovis musimon L.)
Authors: Pošiváková Terézia , Švajlenka Jozef , Pošivák Ján , Pokorádi Jaroslav , Hromada Rudolf , Korim Peter , Molnár Ladislav
Published: May 2019

Blood analyses can be used to assess the health and physiological conditions of wild animals and may provide a precise picture of disease, habitat quality, and other environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the age and the selected biochemical parameters of the female mouflon (Ovis musimon L.). This study creates a possible reference range of biochemical parameter concentrations in mouflon and aims to extend the knowledge of this wild game species within our geographical region. There have not been many studies dealing with this issue in our geographical region. A total of 57 female mouflons aged between 1 and 6 years (1–3 years n = 32, 4–6 years n = 25) and in good physical condition, with an average live weight between 32 and 40 kg were included in the research experiment between the two years. A total of 15 selected biochemical parameters were analyzed. Using statistical analysis, we noticed significant effects of age on almost three-quarters of analyzed biochemical parameters. A statistically significant correlation was observed between age and the parameters of glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein, calcium, triglycerides, and urea. An evaluation of the European mouflon’s biochemical parameters during the whole year may be a reliable method for judging a herd’s condition, diagnosing medical disorders, and preventing the etiology of their occurrence. An analysis of biochemical parameters tells us about the functioning of individual organs as well as the animals’ metabolism. Knowledge of the values of blood parameters is of special importance because they allow us to gather more information on mouflons.
The Neural Correlates of Conflict Detection and Resolution During Multiword Lexical Selection: Evidence from Bilinguals and Monolinguals
Authors: Pulido Manuel F. , Dussias Paola E.
Published: May 2019

Previous studies have identified the Event Related Potential (ERP) components of conflict detection and resolution mechanisms in tasks requiring lexical selection at the individual word level. We investigated the brain potentials associated with these mechanisms in a lexical selection task based on multiword units made up of verb–noun combinations (e.g., eat breakfast, skip school). Native and non-native English speakers were asked to select a familiarized target verb–noun sequence (eat breakfast) between two choices. Trials were low-conflict, with only one plausible candidate (e.g., eat – shoot – breakfast) or high-conflict, with two plausible verbs (e.g., eat – skip – breakfast). Following the presentation of the noun, native English speakers showed a biphasic process of selection, with a conflict-detection centro-parietal negativity between 500 and 600 ms (Ninc), followed by a right frontal effect (RFE) between 600 and 800 ms preceding responses. Late Spanish–English bilinguals showed a similar but more sustained and more widespread effect. Additionally, brain activity was only significantly correlated with performance in native speakers. Results suggest largely similar basic mechanisms, but also that different resources and strategies are engaged by non-native speakers when resolving conflict in the weaker language, with a greater focus on individual words than on multiword units.
Overexpression of miR-29 Leads to Myopathy that Resemble Pathology of Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Liu Chuncheng , Li Lei , Ge Mengxu , Gu Lijie , Wang Meng , Zhang Kuo , Su Yang , Zhang Yuying , Liu Chang , Lan Miaomiao , Yu Yingying , Wang Tongtong , Li Qiuyan , Zhao Yaofeng , Yu Zhengquan , Li Ning , Meng Qingyong
Published: May 2019

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) bring heavy burden to patients’ families and society. Because the incidence of this disease is very low, studies in patients are extremely limited. Animal models of this disease are indispensable. UCMD belongs to extracellular matrix-related diseases. However, the disease models constructed by knocking out some pathogenic genes of human, such as the Col6a1, Col6a2, or Col6a3 gene, of mice could not mimic UCMD. The purpose of this study is to construct a mouse model which can resemble the pathology of UCMD. miR-29 is closely related to extracellular matrix deposition of tissues and organs. To address this issue, we developed a mouse model for overexpression miR-29 using Tet-on system. In the muscle-specific miR-29ab1 cluster transgenic mice model, we found that mice exhibited dyskinesia, dyspnea, and spinal anomaly. The skeletal muscle was damaged and regenerated. At the same time, we clarify the molecular mechanism of the role of miR-29 in this process. Different from human, Col4a1 and Col4a2, target genes of miR-29, are the key pathogenic genes associating with these phenotypes. This mouse model simulates the human clinical and pathological characteristics of UCMD patients and is helpful for the subsequent research and treatment of UCMD.
The Vicious Cross-Talk between Tumor Cells with an EMT Phenotype and Cells of the Immune System
Authors: Romeo Elisabetta , Caserta Carmelo Antonio , Rumio Cristiano , Marcucci Fabrizio
Published: May 2019

Carcinoma cells that undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and display a predominantly mesenchymal phenotype (hereafter EMT tumor cells) are associated with immune exclusion and immune deviation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A large body of evidence has shown that EMT tumor cells and immune cells can reciprocally influence each other, with EMT cells promoting immune exclusion and deviation and immune cells promoting, under certain circumstances, the induction of EMT in tumor cells. This cross-talk between EMT tumor cells and immune cells can occur both between EMT tumor cells and cells of either the native or adaptive immune system. In this article, we review this evidence and the functional consequences of it. We also discuss some recent evidence showing that tumor cells and cells of the immune system respond to similar stimuli, activate the expression of partially overlapping gene sets, and acquire, at least in part, identical functionalities such as migration and invasion. The possible significance of these symmetrical changes in the cross-talk between EMT tumor cells and immune cells is addressed. Eventually, we also discuss possible therapeutic opportunities that may derive from disrupting this cross-talk.
The Reduced Level of Inorganic Polyphosphate Mobilizes Antioxidant and Manganese-Resistance Systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Trilisenko Ludmila , Zvonarev Anton , Valiakhmetov Airat , Penin Alexey A. , Eliseeva Irina A. , Ostroumov Vladimir , Kulakovskiy Ivan V. , Kulakovskaya Tatiana
Published: May 2019

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is crucial for adaptive reactions and stress response in microorganisms. A convenient model to study the role of polyP in yeast is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CRN/PPN1 that overexpresses polyphosphatase Ppn1 with stably decreased polyphosphate level. In this study, we combined the whole-transcriptome sequencing, fluorescence microscopy, and polyP quantification to characterize the CRN/PPN1 response to manganese and oxidative stresses. CRN/PPN1 exhibits enhanced resistance to manganese and peroxide due to its pre-adaptive state observed in normal conditions. The pre-adaptive state is characterized by up-regulated genes involved in response to an external stimulus, plasma membrane organization, and oxidation/reduction. The transcriptome-wide data allowed the identification of particular genes crucial for overcoming the manganese excess. The key gene responsible for manganese resistance is PHO84 encoding a low-affinity manganese transporter: Strong PHO84 down-regulation in CRN/PPN1 increases manganese resistance by reduced manganese uptake. On the contrary, PHM7, the top up-regulated gene in CRN/PPN1, is also strongly up-regulated in the manganese-adapted parent strain. Phm7 is an unannotated protein, but manganese adaptation is significantly impaired in Δphm7, thus suggesting its essential function in manganese or phosphate transport.
Magnetic Properties of Quasi-One-Dimensional Crystals Formed by Graphene Nanoclusters and Embedded Atoms of the Transition Metals
Authors: Cheranovskii Vladislav O. , Slavin Viktor V. , Ezerskaya Elena V. , Tchougréeff Andrei L. , Dronskowski Richard
Published: May 2019

Using the density-matrix renormalization group method and quantum Monte Carlo simulation, we studied numerically the energy spectrum and thermodynamics of the quantum Heisenberg spin model for narrow graphene nanoribbons and their derivatives with periodically embedded heteroatoms. For several nanoribbon structures we found macroscopic ground state spin, gapless lowest excitation spectra and intermediate magnetization plateaus at low temperatures. We also studied the lowest energy states of frustrated systems formed by triangular graphitic clusters connected by bridged ions of transition metals. On the base of many-body perturbation theory and the exact diagonalization method, we showed the possibility of spin switching for this model due to the change the corresponding coupling parameters.
Does Quantification of Ecosystem Services Depend Upon Scale (Resolution and Extent)? A Case Study Using the InVEST Nutrient Delivery Ratio Model in Georgia, United States
Authors: Benez-Secanho Fabio Jose , Dwivedi Puneet
Published: May 2019

Modeling ecosystem services (ESs) intrinsically involves the use of spatial and temporal data. Correct estimates of ecosystem services are inherently dependent upon the scale (resolution and extent) of the input spatial data. Sensitivity of modeling platforms typically used for quantifying ESs to simultaneous changes in the resolution and extent of spatial data is not particularly clear at present. This study used the Nutrient Delivery Ratio (NDR) model embedded in InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) for ascertaining the sensitivity of the outputs to three digital elevation models (DEM), two land cover datasets, and three precipitation grids for 57 watersheds located in Georgia, United States. Multivariate regression models were developed to verify the influence of the spatial resolution of input data on the NDR model output at two spatial extents (the state of Georgia and six physiographical regions within the state). Discrepancies in nutrient exports up to 77.4% and 168.1% were found among scenarios at the state level for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Land cover datasets differing in resolution were responsible for the highest differences in nutrient exports. Significance (at 5% level) of spatial variables on the model outputs were different for the two spatial extents, demonstrating the influence of scale when modeling nutrient runoff and its importance for better policy prescriptions.
Inversion and Effect Research on Dust Distribution of Urban Forests in Beijing
Authors: Su Kai , Yu Qiang , Hu Yahui , Liu Zhili , Wang Pengchong , Zhang Qibin , Zhu Jiyou , Niu Teng , Yue Depeng
Published: May 2019

Urban forests affect the filtration and absorption of airborne particulate matter, which can minimize the harmful effects to human health caused by airborne particulate pollution. Evergreen plants in urban forests play a major role in absorbing dust and purifying the air, especially in winter. Studying the spatial distribution of leaf dust and exploring the dust retention effect of evergreen shrubs are important for scientifically guiding urban forest construction and improving the living environment of cities in winter. The purpose of this study was to establish a dust inversion model by correlation analysis of spectral reflectance and the amount of dust absorption (ADA) of vegetation, using Sentinel-2 satellite remote-sensing images to obtain the dust distribution of the evergreen vegetation (mainly Euonymus japonicus Thunb.) in the Beijing urban area, and to determine the effect of the spatial pattern of E. japonicus woodland on ADA intensity. The result showed that the red band and near-infrared band are most sensitive to dust. The normalized difference phenology index (NDPI) is more suitable for building an inversion model, where the determination coefficient (R2) of the inversion model constructed by the ratio of the NDPI (RNDPI) was 0.879. The inversion results show that the mean ADA in the enclosed area is smaller than that in semi-enclosed and open areas, and the regional distribution of high ADA in the urban area of Beijing was higher in the south with a tendency of the ADA to decrease from city center to the surrounding area. The size, shape, and percentage of landscape (PLAND) of E. japonicus woodland have a significant effect on ADA intensity. We found that, in the study area, when the PLAND of E. japonicus woodland is higher than 40%, its ADA intensity remains basically unchanged. When the vegetation coverage is fixed, the landscape shape index is negatively correlated with ADA intensity, and reduction of the overall shape complexity of forestland can enhance its dust retention effect and improve the air environment of the surrounding areas. The results of this study can be used as a reference for urban planners and landscape architects when building urban forests, providing a scientific basis for controlling and reducing air particulate pollution in Beijing’s winter and improving the living environment.
Species-Area Relationship and Its Scale-Dependent Effects in Natural Forests of North Eastern China
Authors: Chen Beibei , Jiang Jun , Zhao Xiuhai
Published: May 2019

The Species-area relationship is one of the core issues in community ecology and an important basis for scale transformation of biodiversity. However, the effect of scale on this relationship, together with the selection of an optimal species-area model for different sampling methods, is still controversial. This study is based on the data from two sampling areas of 40 km2 in size, one in a Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc) broad-leaved mixed forest in Mt. Changbai and the other in Jiaohe, Jilin Province. The logarithmic, power, and logistic model were established on a scale of 10 km2, 20 km2, and 30 km2, respectively, using a nested sampling plot and random sampling plot. The goodness of the species-area model was tested by the Akaike information criterion (AIC). The results show that the sampling method affected the relationship between species and area, and the data were fitted better under random sampling compared with nested sampling. The construction of the relationship between species and area was closely related to the upper limit of the sampling area size. On a small scale (10 km2), the data were fitted best with the logarithmic and logistic model, whereas the logistic model was the best fit on a medium (20 km2) and large scale (30 km2). We evaluated the scale dependence of species-area relationship in two forests with nested and random sampling methods. We further showed that the logistic model based on the random sampling plot can explain most soundly the species-area relationship in Jiaohe and Mt. Changbai. More studies are needed in other regions to develop models to optimize sampling designs for different forest types under different density constraints at different spatial scales, and for a more accurate estimation of forest dynamics under long-term observations.