bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irritability through Research Domain Criteria: an opportunity for transdiagnostic conceptualisation
Authors: Bell Erica , Bryant Richard A. , Boyce Philip , Porter Richard J. , Malhi Gin S.
Published: January 2021

Irritability is a transdiagnostic phenomenon that, despite its ubiquity and significant impact, is poorly conceptualised, defined and measured. As it lacks specificity, efforts to examine irritability in adults by using a diagnostic category perspective have been hamstrung. Therefore, using a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to examine irritability in adults, which spans many constructs and domains, may have a better chance of yielding underlying mechanisms that can then be mapped onto various diagnostic categories. Recently, a model has been proposed for irritability in children and adolescents that uses the RDoC framework; however, this model, which accounts for chronic, persistent irritability, may not necessarily transpose to adults. Therefore, use of the RDoC framework to examine irritability in adults is urgently needed, as it may shed light on this currently amorphous phenomenon and the many disorders within which it operates.
Effects of previous exposure to psychotherapeutic strategies on depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gulliver Amelia , Banfield Michelle , Batterham Philip J. , Calear Alison L. , Farrer Louise M. , Dawel Amy , McCallum Sonia , Murray Kristen , Morse Alyssa R.
Published: January 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an increase in depression and anxiety among those with and without a history of mental illness. Commonly used forms of psychological therapy improve mental health by teaching psychotherapeutic strategies that assist people to better manage their symptoms and cope with life stressors. Minimal research to date has explored their application or value in managing mental health during significant broad-scale public health crises.

Aims

To determine which psychotherapeutic strategies people who have previously received therapy use to manage their distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the use and perceived helpfulness of these strategies has an effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Method

Data (N = 857) was drawn from multiple waves of a representative longitudinal study of the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of Australian adults, which includes measures of anxiety, depression and experiences with psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic strategies.

Results

Previous engagement in therapy with psychotherapeutic strategies had a protective effect on depressive but not anxiety symptoms. Common and helpful strategies used by respondents were exercise, mindfulness and breathing exercises. Using mindfulness and perceiving it to be helpful was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. No other strategies were associated with improved mental health.

Conclusions

Prior knowledge of psychotherapeutic strategies may play a role in managing mental health during unprecedented public health events such as a global pandemic. There may be value in promoting these techniques more widely in the community to manage general distress during such times.
Chemical Design and Physical Properties of Dynamic Molecular Assemblies
Authors: Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: January 2021

The thermally activated motional freedom of protons (H+), ions (M+), and molecules can be controlled using supramolecular approaches. In single crystals, motional freedom is enabled because of the small size of H+ and M+ (e.g., Li+ and Na+), and the thermally activated motion of small molecular units can yield molecular rotator structures in electrically conducting and magnetic crystals. The design of hydrogen-bonded networks and rotator–stator structures is a rational method to form functional dynamic molecular assemblies, and the thermally activated motional freedom of alkylamide (–CONHCnH2n+1) chains in discotic hexagonal columnar (Colh) and lamellar (La) liquid crystal phases enables the dipole inversion of polar N–H⋯O= hydrogen-bonded chains, enabling a ferroelectric response to an applied external electric field. The thermally activated rotational freedom of neutral radicals in plastic crystals results in multifunctional dielectric, magnetic, and optical properties at the order–disorder phase transition. In hydrogen-bonded host–guest molecular crystals, dynamic structural transformations are coupled with highly reversibly guest adsorption–desorption in the crystalline state. Further, changes in the fluorescence colour of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) systems can be exploited for solid-state molecular sensing, in which both dynamic molecular rotation and conformational transformations drastically affect the fluorescent responses.
Quando a cidade e seus monumentos contam História: o IHGB e a homenagem aos patriarcas no Centenário da Independência
Authors: Júnior José Lúcio Nascimento
Published: January 2021

O artigo examina um dos eventos ocorridos como parte das comemorações do Centenário da Independência do Brasil. Analisa-se o cruzamento entre os discursos proferidos por letrados de diferentes nacionalidades e as representações que os locais e as estatuas apontam. Observa-se tanto a forma como o IHGB estava interpretando a Independência do Brasil durante tais comemorações como a imagem de Brasil que estava auxiliando a construir. Dentre as fontes utilizadas citamos o Jornal O Paiz e as atas do I Congresso Internacional de História da América, organizado e realizado no IHGB entre os dias 08 e 15 de setembro de 1922. Conclui-se que a imagem construída sobre o Brasil e os discursos produzidos ao longo da Exposição encontram grande ressonância entre os intelectuais que participaram do evento.
O Negro na Revolução Socialista Brasileira: uma análise das expectativas de Florestan Fernandes
Authors: Silva dos Santos Patrick
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar três importantes dimensões contidas no livro Significado do Protesto Negro (compilação de textos, publicado em 1989) que permite analisar criticamente as expectativas que Florestan Fernandes nutriu em relação ao papel do agente negro na transformação radical da sociedade brasileira. Mesmo tratando-se de textos com diferentes contextos, as preocupações centrais aqui foram as noções formuladas e/ou refletidas por Florestan Fernandes que permitiu observar o espaço do agente negro em suas formulações. Neste sentido, a análise foi feita a partir da reflexão em torno das noções de Segunda Abolição, Mito da Democracia Racial e a interseção raça-classe –, dimensões fundamentais para a fundação do revolucionário socialista negro de Fernandes.
O ensino de Sociologia à luz da temática indígena: a percepção de professores(as) acerca dos povos originários
Authors: Costa Guilherme Luiz Pereira , Souza Karlla Christine Araújo , Carvalho Guilherme Paiva de
Published: January 2021

A Lei 11.645/2008 consiste em um importante mecanismo a favor de temas específicos na escola, visando ofertar uma educação capaz de reconhecer as diferenças e educar para seu respeito e valorização. Neste trabalho, ouvimos os(as) professores(as) formados(as) em Ciências Sociais acerca de suas percepções sobre os povos indígenas e como ocorre a gestão deste tema em suas escolas e salas de aula. Entrevistamos professores(as) de Sociologia no Ensino Médio, sendo todos(as) os(as) egressos da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) entre os anos de 2013 a 2017. Assim, a partir das falas dos(as) docentes, concluímos que não é possível uma mediação satisfatória da temática indígena sem uma formação que possibilite que o(a) docente conheça a História e Cultura Indígena.
A materialização do racismo a partir da teoria social: uma resenha do livro “Racismo estrutural”
Authors: Delphino Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Em “Racismo Estrutural”, Silvio Almeida expande os conceitos de raça e racismo para a dimensão estrutural da sociedade, ao elaborar, a partir da teoria social, uma análise criteriosa da materialização dos conceitos. A partir da perspectiva ideológica, política, jurídica e econômica, o autor traça o racismo e suas manifestações presentes em todas essas esferas, de maneira que o mesmo estruture e seja estruturado por elas. O texto cumpre seu propósito de análise, assim como é didático em descrever as relações investigadas para leitores não familiarizados. Portanto, a obra é fundamental para quem pretende compreender a sociedade brasileira e seus funcionamentos, seja acadêmico ou não, com a possibilidade de servir de orientação para ações políticas antirracistas futuramente.
Do discurso a prática: a condição da mulher e as questões de gênero e sexualidade nas escolas do município de Getúlio Vargas/RS
Authors: Bruneto Eliane Salete
Published: January 2021

Os estudos sobre a condição da mulher, na perspectiva de gênero e sexualidade devem ser entendidos como um modo de ouvir as histórias, dar voz não somente as mulheres, mas sim aos que são considerados diferentes, porque tanto os seres humanos como a história se fazem e refazem interminavelmente. A proposta desse trabalho é desenvolver uma análise sobre a construção sociocultural quanto às questões de gênero, sexualidade e identidade sexual, através dos livros de atas, registros de normas e ocorrências buscando compreender como ocorreram e ainda ocorrem as relações de gênero e sexualidade, os discursos e as práticas realizadas pelas escolas.
Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields
Authors: Alamsyah Firman , Pratiwi Rarastoeti , Firdausi Nisrina , Irene Mesak Pello Jessica , Evi Dwi Nugraheni Subekti , Ghitha Fadhlurrahman Ahmad , Nurhidayat Luthfi , Purwo Taruno Warsito
Published: January 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of death in women with cancer. One novel therapy used for breast cancer treatment is non-contact electric fields called electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) with intermediate frequency (100 kHz) and low intensity (18 Vpp). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ECCT on mammary tumors growth in rats and observing the immune responses that play a role in fighting the tumor.

Methods: Female SD rats were used and divided into four groups, namely control (NINT), placebo (NIT), non- therapy (INT), and therapy (IT) groups with 6 biological replicates in each group. Rats in INT and IT groups were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumor induction. Only rats in NIT and IT groups were exposed to ECCT individually for 10 hours per day for 21 days. The size of all tumors was measured with a digital caliper. The distributions of PCNA, ErbB2, caspase-3, CD68, CD4 and CD8-positive cells were observed with immunohistochemistry and scoring with ImageJ.

Results: The growth rate of mammary tumors in IT group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in the INT group. The number of mitotic figures and the percentage of PCNA, caspase-3, and CD68- positive cells in IT group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in INT group. Conversely, the percentage of CD8-positive T cells in IT group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in INT group. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in IT group was decreased. Some tumor tissues were blackened and detached from the surrounding tissue, resulting in an open wound which then healed up upon exposure.

Conclusions: Non-contact electric fields exposure showed inhibition on mammary tumor growth in rats while inducing CD8+ T cells that lead to tumor cells death and potentially helps wound healing.
ENSINO MÉDIO NO RIO DE JANEIRO: COMO AVANÇAR EM CONTEXTO ADVERSO
Authors: Canabrava Bruna Werneck
Published: January 2021

Nos últimos anos, testemunhamos a aprovação de medidas estruturantes para a educação no Brasil, notadamente a Base Nacional Curricular Comum e a Reforma do Ensino Médio. Na primeira parte do artigo, regatamos o histórico e a conjuntura da construção dessas políticas. Na segunda parte, analisamos o contexto político do estado de Rio de Janeiro e identificamos oportunidades para setor progressistas intervirem e redirecionarem a implementação dessas políticas.
TENSÕES E CONTRADIÇÕES DO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA E DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NA ÚLTIMA ETAPA DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Oliveira Vanesca Almeida de , Martins Elcimar Simão
Published: January 2021

O Ensino Médio no Brasil é marcado por tensões e contradições estruturais, asseverando a dualidade escolar, intercalando períodos de formação propedêutica e/ou profissional. A última etapa da Educação Básica acumulou durante muitos anos diversos problemas, tais como: baixo investimento financeiro, funcionamento em espaços físicos improvisados, ausência de livros didáticos e de materiais pedagógicos diversos. O ensino de matemática carrega o estigma de ser de difícil aprendizado além de contar com alguns professores sem adequada formação. O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre as tensões e contradições do ensino de matemática e da formação de professores do Ensino Médio. A metodologia centrou-se na abordagem qualitativa, utilizando o estudo de caso, com entrevistas a doze docentes de quatro escolas públicas de Ensino Médio. Os resultados revelam que as reformas educacionais afetam o Ensino Médio, mas também a formação e o trabalho dos professores.
ATUAÇÃO DA REDE FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA QUANTO A OFERTA DE CURSOS TÉCNICOS EM SAÚDE
Authors: Ramos Marise Nogueira , Andrade Thayná Trindade da S. de , Lima Julio Cesar França , Reis Gianne Cristina
Published: January 2021

Este artigo busca apresentar um panorama geral da oferta de cursos de educação profissional técnica em saúde pela Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Cientifica e Tecnológica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório em âmbito nacional que analisa dados quantitativos da oferta de formação em saúde pela rede de 2010 a 2016, estabelecendo comparações com as demais esferas administrativas. Os temas analisados neste artigo, ainda que com resultados parciais, demonstram que a rede federal ampliou sua formação como um todo, seja em número de cursos e matriculas, entretanto a formação técnica de nível médio em saúde ainda é ofertada hegemonicamente por instituições privadas Os resultados mostram que a Rede Federal de Educação Profissional Cientifica e Tecnológica ofertou 4,8% do total de cursos técnicos em saúde em 2016, tendo o maior quantitativo de matriculas concentrado em cursos de agente comunitário de saúde e análises clinicas.
ENSINO MÉDIO: UM DEBATE NECESSÁRIO
Authors: Fernandes Andrea Da Paixão , Silva Lincoln Tavares
Published: January 2021

Em 2019 publicamos o dossiê temático “Ensino Médio: passos e impasses na atualidade”, organizado pelos professores Gaudêncio Frigotto e Marise Ramos. Muitas propostas de artigos haviam chegado à e-Mosaicos e a decisão editorial, em conjunto com os organizadores, foi a de darmos continuidade ao trabalho em 2020. Designamos para essa vigésima primeira edição de e-Mosaicos a publicação da parte II desse dossiê temático.
Editorial
Authors: Gama Zacarias
Published: January 2021

Editorial
On longitudinal radiation pressure cross-sections in the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory and their numerical relationship with the dipole theory of forces
Authors: Ambrosio Leonardo André , Gouesbet Gérard
Published: January 2021

A recent work devoted to the longitudinal optical forces exerted by circularly symmetric Bessel beams on point-like particles in the Rayleigh regime of the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (GLMT) confirmed the existence of nonstandard forces (named axicon forces in the context of Bessel beams) that seemingly cannot be expressed in terms of scattering and gradient forces traditionally discussed in the framework of the dipole theory of forces. These results lead to this question: Do the Rayleigh limit of the GLMT and the dipole theory of forces actually agree, or are they in disagreement? If so, the Rayleigh limit of the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory would have to be preferred because it provides a highly accurate formulation. To find a definitive answer to the question, numerical comparisons done between optical forces exerted in both frameworks demonstrated an extremely accurate agreement up to 1000 decimal places. This leads to the conjecture that the Rayleigh limit of GLMT might indeed exactly identify with the usual dipole theory of forces.
FOKUS II—Space flight of a compact and vacuum compatible dual frequency comb system
Authors: Pröbster Benjamin J. , Lezius Matthias , Mandel Olaf , Braxmaier Claus , Holzwarth Ronald
Published: January 2021

Frequency combs downconvert absolute optical frequency references and thereby can significantly advance time and frequency precision in satellite-based navigation systems, fundamental science, earth observation, and many other spaceborne applications. We have developed a compact and vacuum compatible double comb system, thereby minimizing volume, mass, and power consumption compared to its precursor. Apart from redundancy aspects, the two combs enable autonomous mode number determination. Here, we report on the space comb system design and experimental results of a zero-gravity parabolic space flight in connection with an iodine-referenced cw laser system.
Adaptive deep-learning algorithm for signal recovery of broadband microwave photonic receiving systems based on supervised training
Authors: Xu Shaofu , Wang Rui , Zou Xiuting , Zou Weiwen
Published: January 2021

We show an adaptive deep-learning algorithm that recovers the distorted broadband signals of defective microwave photonic (MWP) receiving systems. With data-driven supervised training, the adopted neural network automatically learns the end-to-end distortion effects of the photonic analog links and recovers the received signals in the digital domain. Through changing the training data sets and retraining the same neural network, this algorithm can be applied in various MWP receiving systems. Two MWP receiving systems are set up for experimentally demonstrating the capability of broadband signal recovery. Results show that the neural network can reduce the signal distortion (measured with mean square error) by

∼

18

d
B

. Moreover, visualization analysis indicates that the proposed algorithm is potentially adaptive to more MWP receiving systems and applications. The noise robustness of this algorithm is also verified so that it is applicable in noisy situations. The proposed algorithm improves the performance of MWP receiving systems through appending a deep learning digital processor whose deployment is low cost.
Approaching the lowest operating frequency thickness limits with complex surface impedance of ultrathin absorbers
Authors: Li Rui , Dong Jianxiong , Si Kaixuan , He Fan , Zha Dace , Miao Ling , Bie Shaowei , Jiang Jianjun
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the physical model of electrically thin weakly conductive film with intrinsic surface impedance is established, indicating that the imaginary part of high surface impedance is non-negligible at microwave frequencies. In the design of lossy frequency selective surface absorbers, we introduce the imaginary part of intrinsic surface impedance for the first time. With the experimentally established relationship between the complex surface impedance and the DC square resistance, this complex surface impedance allows us to accurately predict the electromagnetic response of high surface impedance film at microwave frequencies and provides an advantage in reducing the thickness of absorber. The proposed ultra-thin absorber can provide −10 dB reduction over the frequency range of 4.5–13.3 GHz. Total thickness of microwave absorber is only 0.06λ at lowest operating frequency, which is close to the theoretical limitation. The measurement is provided to verify the validity of the equivalent relationship and the reliability of the full-wave model. This study provides a new way to reduce the thickness of absorber, exhibiting promising potential for stealth technique.
Optimised domain-engineered crystals for pure telecom photon sources
Authors: Pickston Alexander , Graffitti Francesco , Barrow Peter , Morrison Christopher L. , Ho Joseph , Brańczyk Agata M. , Fedrizzi Alessandro
Published: January 2021

The ideal photon-pair source for building up multi-qubit states needs to produce indistinguishable photons with high efficiency. Indistinguishability is crucial for minimising errors in two-photon interference, central to building larger states, while high heralding rates will be needed to overcome unfavourable loss scaling. Domain engineering in parametric down-conversion sources negates the need for lossy spectral filtering allowing one to satisfy these conditions inherently within the source design. Here, we present a telecom-wavelength parametric down-conversion photon source that operates on the achievable limit of domain engineering. We generate photons from independent sources which achieve two-photon interference visibilities of up to 98.6 ± 1.1% without narrow-band filtering. As a consequence, we reach net heralding efficiencies of up to 67.5%, which corresponds to collection efficiencies exceeding 90%.
Polarization improvement of CsPbClBr2 quantum dot film by laser direct writing technology
Authors: Ma Teng , Wei Yi , Hu Jinning , Chen Jun , Shen Weili , Qiu Xiuhua , Wu Jinqiang , You Zesheng , Li Xiaoming , Zeng Haibo , Li Zhenhua
Published: January 2021

Inorganic halogen perovskite quantum dots not only have high fluorescence quantum efficiency, but also can emit polarized light in solution or thin film. These excellent performances make perovskite quantum dots promising to be used in next-generation displays. In this study, we develop laser direct writing technology to improve the emitted light polarization of

C
s
P
b
C
l
B

r

2

quantum dot film. Without using an additional polarizer, we prove that the polarization degree is maximumly increased by about 56%, and the reasons are analyzed from three perspectives: laser scanning space, laser power, and film thickness. In addition, the lifetime of the fluorescence is also greatly improved after laser treatment. The results we obtain provide the possibility for production of a new generation of displays.
Effective absorption coefficient and effective thickness in attenuated total reflection spectroscopy
Authors: Mendoza-Galván A. , Méndez-Lara J. G. , Mauricio-Sánchez R. A. , Järrendahl K. , Arwin H.
Published: January 2021

Since the introduction of attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy for the characterization of materials, attempts have been made to relate the measured reflectivity (

R

) to the absorption coefficient (

α

) of the absorbing material of interest. The common approach is limited to the low absorption case under the assumption

R

∼

exp

(
−
α

d
e

)

, where

d
e

is an effective thickness, which is evaluated for the lossless case. In this Letter, a more detailed derivation leads to

R
=

exp

(
−
β

d
p

/

2

)

, enabling the definition of an ATR-effective absorption coefficient

β

and the penetration depth

d
p

of the electric field in the absorbing material. It is found that

β
∼
4
π

ε
2

/

λ

, where

ε
2

is the imaginary part of the complex dielectric function of the absorbing material, and

λ

is the wavelength. An alternative formulation is

R
=

exp

(
−
α

d

ef

)

, where

d

ef

is a generalized effective thickness for arbitrary strength of absorption which reduces to

d
e

in the low absorption limit. The experimental data for water, the biopolymer chitosan, and soda-lime glass prove the reliability of the ATR-effective absorption coefficient in the infrared range.
Blocking IL-10 signaling with soluble IL-10 receptor restores in vitro specific lymphoproliferative response in dogs with leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum
Authors: Santos Catiule de Oliveira , Costa Sidnei Ferro , Souza Fabiana Santana , Mendes Jessica Mariane Ferreira , de Pinheiro Cristiane Garboggini Melo , Moreira Diogo Rodrigo de Magalhães , Silva Luciano Kalabric , de Lima Valeria Marçal Felix , de Sá Oliveira Geraldo Gileno
Published: January 2021

rIL-10 plays a major role in restricting exaggerated inflammatory and immune responses, thus preventing tissue damage. However, the restriction of inflammatory and immune responses by IL-10 can also favor the development and/or persistence of chronic infections or neoplasms. Dogs that succumb to canine leishmaniasis (CanL) caused byL.infantumdevelop exhaustion of T lymphocytes and are unable to mount appropriate cellular immune responses to control the infection. These animals fail to mount specific lymphoproliferative responses and produce interferon gamma and TNF-alpha that would activate macrophages and promote destruction of intracellular parasites. Blocking IL-10 signaling may contribute to the treatment of CanL. In order to obtain a tool for this blockage, the present work endeavored to identify the canine casIL-10R1 amino acid sequence, generate a recombinant baculovirus chromosome encoding this molecule, which was expressed in insect cells and subsequently purified to obtain rcasIL-10R1. In addition, rcasIL-10R1 was able to bind to homologous IL-10 and block IL-10 signaling pathway, as well as to promote lymphoproliferation in dogs with leishmaniasis caused byL.infantum.
Model-based forecasting for Canadian COVID-19 data
Authors: Chen Li-Pang , Zhang Qihuang , Yi Grace Y. , He Wenqing
Published: January 2021

Background

Since March 11, 2020 when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of infected cases, the number of deaths, and the number of affected countries have climbed rapidly. To understand the impact of COVID-19 on public health, many studies have been conducted for various countries. To complement the available work, in this article we examine Canadian COVID-19 data for the period of March 18, 2020 to August 16, 2020 with the aim to forecast the dynamic trend in a short term.

Method

We focus our attention on Canadian data and analyze the four provinces, Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec, which have the most severe situations in Canada. To build predictive models and conduct prediction, we employ three models,smooth transition autoregressive(STAR) models,neural network(NN) models, andsusceptible-infected-removed(SIR) models, to fit time series data of confirmed cases in the four provinces separately. In comparison, we also analyze the data of daily infections in two states of USA, Texas and New York state, for the period of March 18, 2020 to August 16, 2020. We emphasize that different models make different assumptions which are basically difficult to validate. Yet invoking different models allows us to examine the data from different angles, thus, helping reveal the underlying trajectory of the development of COVID-19 in Canada.

Finding

The examinations of the data dated from March 18, 2020 to August 11, 2020 show that the STAR, NN, and SIR models may output different results, though the differences are small in some cases. Prediction over a short term period incurs smaller prediction variability than over a long term period, as expected. The NN method tends to outperform other two methods. All the methods forecast an upward trend in all the four Canadian provinces for the period of August 12, 2020 to August 23, 2020, though the degree varies from method to method. This research offers model-based insights into the pandemic evolvement in Canada.
Current status of a helicopter transportation system on remote islands for patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Hiu Takeshi , Morimoto Shimpei , Matsuo Ayaka , Satoh Kei , Otsuka Hiroaki , Kutsuna Fumiya , Ozono Keisuke , Hirayama Kosuke , Nakamichi Chikaaki , Yamasaki Kazumi , Ogawa Yuka , Shiozaki Eri , Morofuji Yoichi , Kawahara Ichiro , Horie Nobutaka , Tateishi Yohei , Ono Tomonori , Haraguchi Wataru , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Tsujino Akira , Matsuo Takayuki , Tsutsumi Keisuke
Published: January 2021

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large-vessel occlusion within 6 h of symptom onset to treatment initiation (OTP). Recent trials have extended the therapeutic time window for MT to within 24 h. However, MT treatment remains low in remote areas. Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan has many inhabited islands with no neurointerventionalists. Our hospital on the mainland is a regional hub for eight island hospitals. We evaluated clinical outcomes of MT for patients with AIS on these islands versus on the mainland.

Methods

During 2014–2019, we reviewed consecutive patients with AIS who received MT at our hospital. Patients comprised the Islands group and Mainland group. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between groups.

Results

We included 91 patients (Islands group: 15 patients, Mainland group: 76 patients). Seven patients (46.7%) in the Islands group versus 43 (56.6%) in the Mainland group achieved favorable outcomes. Successful recanalization was obtained in 11 patients (73.3%) on the islands and 67 (88.2%) on the mainland. The median OTP time in the Islands was 365 min. In both the Islands and Mainland groups, the OTP time and successful recanalization were associated with functional outcome. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days ≤2 was obtained in two patients and mRS = 3 in four patients among eight patients with OTP time >6 h.

Conclusions

Few patients with AIS on remote islands have received MT. Although patients who underwent MT on the islands had longer OTP, the clinical outcomes were acceptable. OTP time on remote islands must be shortened, as this is related to functional outcome. In some cases with successful recanalization, a favorable outcome can still be obtained even after 6 h. Even if OTP exceeds 6 h, it is desirable to appropriately select patients and actively perform MT.
Characterising polypharmacy in the very old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study
Authors: Davies Laurie E. , Kingston Andrew , Todd Adam , Hanratty Barbara
Published: January 2021

Background

Polypharmacy is potentially harmful and under-researched amongst the fastest growing subpopulation, the very old (aged ≥85). We aimed to characterise polypharmacy using data from the Newcastle 85+ Study—a prospective cohort of people born in 1921 who turned 85 in 2006 (n = 845).

Methods

The prevalence of polypharmacy at baseline (mean age 85.5) was examined using cut-points of 0, 1, 2–4, 5–9 and ≥10 medicines—so-called ‘no polypharmacy’, ‘monotherapy’, ‘minor polypharmacy’, ‘polypharmacy’ and ‘hyperpolypharmacy.’ Cross-tabulations and upset plots identified the most frequently prescribed medicines and medication combinations within these categories. Mixed-effects models assessed whether gender and socioeconomic position were associated with prescribing changes over time (mean age 85.5–90.5). Participant characteristics were examined through descriptive statistics.

Results

Complex multimorbidity (44.4%, 344/775) was widespread but hyperpolypharmacy was not (16.0%, 135/845). The median medication count was six (interquartile range 4–8). Preventative medicines were common to all polypharmacy categories, and prescribing regimens were diverse. Nitrates and oral anticoagulants were more frequently prescribed for men, whereas bisphosphonates, non-opioid analgesics and antidepressants were more common in women. Cardiovascular medicines, including loop diuretics, tended to be more frequently prescribed for socioeconomically disadvantaged people (<25th centile Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)), despite no difference in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.56) and diabetes (p = 0.92) by IMD.

Conclusion

Considering their complex medical conditions, prescribing is relatively conservative amongst 85-year-olds living in North East England. Prescribing shows significant gender and selected socioeconomic differences. More support for managing preventative medicines, of uncertain benefit, might be helpful in this population.
Finding uncommon ground: Extremist online forum engagement predicts integrative complexity
Authors: Gregory Andrew L. , Piff Paul K.
Published: January 2021

How do interactions with an ideologically extreme online community affect cognition? In this paper, we examine whether engagement with an online neo-Nazi forum is associated with more one-sided, “black and white” thinking. Using naturalistic language data, we examined differences in integrative complexity, a measure of the degree to which people acknowledge and reconcile conflicting ideas and viewpoints, and contrasted it with Language Style Matching, a measure of group cohesion. In a large web scraping study (N = 1,891), we tested whether two measures of engagement and interaction with the community are associated with less complex, balanced cognition. Using hierarchical regression modeling, we found that both individuals who had been community members for longer and those who had posted more tended to show less complexity in their language, even when accounting for mean differences between individuals. However, these differences in integrative complexity were distinct from group cohesion, which actually decreased with our measures of engagement. Despite small effect sizes, these findings indicate that ideologically extreme online communities may exacerbate the views of their members and contribute to ever-widening polarized cognitions.
Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia
Authors: Presta Valentina , Paraboschi Francesca , Marsella Filippo , Lucarini Valeria , Galli Daniela , Mirandola Prisco , Banchini Antonio , Marchesi Carlo , Galuppo Laura , Vitale Marco , Tonna Matteo , Gobbi Giuliana
Published: January 2021

While correlations between postural stability deficits and schizophrenia are well documented, information on dynamic motor alterations in schizophrenia are still scarce, and no data on their onset are available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was i) to measure gait pattern(s) in patients with schizophrenia; ii) to identify posture and gait alterations which could potentially be used as a predictive clinical tool of the onset of the disorder. Body composition, posture and gait parameters were assessed in a group of 30 patients with schizophrenia and compared to 25 healthy subjects. Sway area was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared to controls regardless of whether the participants were in eyes open or eyes closed condition. Gait cadence and speed were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia, while stride length was similar. We concluded that the combination of an increased sway area (independent from eye closure) and a gait cadence reduction—in the presence of normal gait speed and stride length—might be considered peculiar postural and gait profile characteristic of early schizophrenia.
Donald Trump: Anatomy of a human pseudo-event and the crisis of modern liberalism
Authors: Hunt III Arthur W.
Published: January 2021

This article applies Daniel Boorstin’s notion of the pseudo-event to the ascendency of President Donald Trump. Boorstin defines the pseudo-event as an event staged to call attention to itself, a phenomenon made possible by the graphic revolution. As early as 1961, Boorstin recognized this phenomenon in the areas of travel, news and politics. Concerning the latter, the hero, a person once recognized for his achievements, has been replaced by the celebrity, a person known for his well-knownness. While Davy Crockett was a precursor of the American celebrity politician, P. T. Barnum and Edward Bernays were practitioners of the pseudo-event par excellence. Donald Trump, however, exemplifies the human pseudo-event in a most tragic way because his persona is emblematic of what some observers now perceive as the fly-in-the-ointment of American liberal democracy – the unrestrained autonomous self, something to which our original political commitments ensure us can be liberated from nature, time and place. In our quest to realize ‘liberty’ for ourselves, older and more localized ethical restraints had to be cast aside. Ironically, the crisis of liberalism resides in its great success.
Marshall McLuhan’s theory of attention: How to become a media psychonaut
Authors: Landes David
Published: January 2021

In light of surging cross-disciplinary interest in rethinking the conceptions of attention and attention economy, this article conducts an archaeology of Marshall McLuhan’s concepts in order to construct a theory of attention implicit in his media paradigm. McLuhan’s most attentional concepts are explained (such as figure/ground and cliché/archetype) and synthesized into an integrated account of his idea of attention, which I call ‘eco-formed attention’. It contrasts with reigning individualist and collectivist theories of attention by being constitutive, modal, dialectical, environmental and negative-inclusive. I argue that McLuhan’s fundamental problematic of attention – concepts mismatching percepts – is solved by using eco-formed attention to become a ‘media psychonaut’. Four procedures are explained to illustrate psychonautic interventions in eco-formed attention. This project is useful for media-ecological analyses, creative re-engagement with media, and reforming attention within future technological changes. The article concludes by linking to several agendas in media ecology and across the humanities.
Media, security and the Iranian nuclear crisis
Authors: Farhadi Parisa , Reisinezhad Arash
Published: January 2021

Iran’s controversial Nuclear Crisis (INC) has attracted many eyes and thoughts. While much ink has been spilled on its evolution and impact on international security and Middle Eastern politics, there has been a theoretical void in the explanation of the role of media in framing the INC. The present article gives a new frame on media power in issues related to international conflicts. It traces how CNN and Fox News, as the major US media broadcasting news channels, covered sequential phases of the INC. The article also tracks down the roles of these channels in securitizing the INC and framing it as a threat to international peace. Last but not least, it explains how these media channels construct and consolidate the discourse of Iranophobia.
Reseña de Escritura y reescrituras en el entorno literario del «Cancionero de Baena»
Authors: Bellod Ballester Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2021

Antonio Chas Aguión (ed.), Escritura y reescrituras en el entorno literario del «Cancionero de Baena», Berlín, Peter Lang, 2018, 253 pp. ISBN 2194-3001.
Discurso jornalístico e política em tempos de pandemia: um debate necessário
Authors: De Andrade Ivanise Hilbig , Cardoso Karolina Graciano , Tonus Mirna , Timponi Raquel , Dorne Vinicius Durval
Published: January 2021

O artigo apresenta proposta do Ciclo de debates “Discurso jornalístico em tempos de pandemia”, realizado no segundo semestre de 2020 como atividade extensionista de ensino remoto para divulgação científica e discussões acerca das interfaces das produções, circulações e apropriações dos discursos jornalísticos sobre a COVID-19. O objetivo é aprofundar a temática por meio do debate acadêmico e da troca com pesquisadores atuantes em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Além disso, desenvolver uma metodologia baseada em interáreas de atuação, de forma a realizar a combinação da circulação transmídia das produções do jornalismo e o consequente processo de apropriação das mensagens em comentários nas mídias sociais, com a perspectiva metodológica da análise discursiva, a partir dos estudos da escola francesa.
A simulação do jornalismo em contexto de espalhamento de fake news
Authors: Klein Eloisa , Maia Lídia Raquel Herculano
Published: January 2021

Em um contexto midiatizado, a circulação adquire centralidade, o que demanda a análise de circuitos comunicacionais para a sistematização das operações de usuários e suas implicações na discussão de temáticas de interesse público, com impacto sobre a capacidade de o jornalismo atuar como campo perito na verificação dos fatos da atualidade. Com a crescente participação de conteúdos produzidos fora do âmbito jornalístico profissional, casos de simulação de conteúdo jornalístico se tornam recorrentes. Este texto analisa a circulação em mídias convencionais sobre casos em que ocorre a simulação do jornalismo – e como é feita a discussão sobre as problemáticas da presença de propaganda e falseamento. Para isso, tomamos o caso da circulação noticiosa sobre o cancelamento de contas e páginas de Facebook que simulavam conteúdo jornalístico. O cancelamento é feito sob alegação de desviar padrões da comunidade, mas as páginas tinham a característica em comum de disseminar fake news.
Symmachus: Levelek. Első könyv 1‒12.
Authors: Tóth Orsolya
Published: January 2021

Quintus Aurelius Symmachus római szónok és politikus, a késő antikvitás kiemelkedő alakja. Tíz könyvből álló levélgyűjteménye a korszak viszonylag kevéssé kutatott forrásai közé tartozik. Az alábbiakban apjával folytatott levelezése olvasható magyar fordításban.
Az insania jelensége és terápiája Seneca prózai munkáiban
Authors: Bán Katalin
Published: January 2021

A tanulmányban Seneca insaniával kapcsolatos nézeteit vizsgálom meg, annak különböző okai, megnyilvánulási formái és kezelési módjai szempontjából, hiszen sztoikus filozófusként mély érdeklődést mutat az emberek különféle lelki állapotai iránt. Az insania publicát a világban uralkodó általános jelenségnek gondolja, és többnyire a szenvedélyekben, főként a haragban és az abból fakadó bosszúban való elmerülésben jeleníti meg. Leírásában a bölcset a személyes felelősség, az önuralom, a szenvedélyektől való mentesség jellemzi, és az insania akkor jelentkezik, amikor az érzelmek felülkerekednek a racionális gondolkodáson. A szenvedélyeken, a lélekben dúló irracionális erőkön a racionalitásnak kell győzedelmeskednie, s prózai műveiben a lélek szenvedélyek okozta betegségére ajánl terápiát, életvezetési stratégiát.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPAL EDUCATION
Authors: Kapustyan L.A. , Sabyna E.N. , Derkach N.О.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the actual problem of strategic planning of socio-economic development of municipalities. It is shows that the strategy, development of strategy, although not an obligatory element of municipal govermance, is to a largely an effective instrument of govermance management tool in general. Strategies perform a coordinating and guiding role, representing a certain vector of socio-economic development of municipalities. The goals should be potentially achievable and set on the basis of the analysis of the current situation, take into account unique features of the development of this or that territory and at the same time be coordinated with the general goals of the region’s development. The authors, within the framework of the strategic project of the flagship university, developed a strategy for the municipal district. The article outline the experience of such work and gives its brief description. And also the experience of similar work in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries is considered. Conclusions are made about the importance of the strategic planning process for municipalities and the impact of the quality of this process as a whole on the socio-economic development of the territory.
LABOR FORCE REPRODUCTION IN THE POST-SOVIET RUSSIAN ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT AND MIGRATION
Authors: Krishka V.I. , An E.A. , Zorin A.S. , Perekarenkova Yu.A.
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the actual problems of labor force reproduction in the post-Soviet period of the Russian market economy development. In particular, the classification of employment types of hired labor in the form of corresponding “aggregates” is proposed. The basis of these aggregates is the full cycle figure of the labor commodity form, including the “external labor market”, “internal labor market” and “dynamic labor market” associated with the employment, unemployment and labor migration. The analysis of the employment, unemployment, and labor migration dynamics made it possible, including the Federal districts territories, to identify their direct relationship with macroeconomic trends and cyclical fluctuations in the production and sale of the country’s gross domestic product. The study of the mechanical movement features of the population’s labor force allowed us to determine the main direction of migration flows to the Central, North-Western and Southern Federal districts. Against the background of natural population decline, the continuing migration outflow in other territories makes it impossible for them to ensure not only normal, but also expanded reproduction of the labor force.
Az értékesítés és a marketing kapcsolatának piaci tájékozódásban betöltött szerepe és meghatározó tényezői (Role of the sales and marketing relationship in market orientation and its determining factors)
Authors: Keszey Tamara
Published: January 2021

Absztrakt (kivonat)
A szerző kutatásában azt vizsgálja, hogy az értékesítés területén dolgozó munkatársak piaci megfigyeléseit milyen mértékben képesek beépíteni a marketingvezetők a menedzsmentmunkába. Az értékesítési munkatársak piaci megfigyelései mindig naprakészek, ráadásul jelentősebb ráfordítás nélkül hozzáférhetők. A marketing- és a sales munkatársak közötti hagyományosan konfliktusokkal terhelt kapcsolat miatt azonban a vállalatok sokszor mégsem aknázzák ki a piaci tájékozódásnak ezt a lehetőségét. A nagyvállalati mintán empirikusan tesztelt modell szerint a menedzserek azon képessége, hogy felhasználják a vállalaton belül rendelkezésre álló információkat, alapvetően nem egyéni, hanem szervezeti képesség. Azok a menedzserek, akik olyan cégeknél dolgoznak, ahol a vállalati továbbképzések során más részlegek munkájába is bekapcsolódhatnak, nagyobb mértékben támaszkodnak a munkatársak piaci megfigyeléseire döntéseik meghozatala során. _____ The author examines in her research that to what extent marketing leaders can build market experience of sales employees into the management activity. Because of the traditionally problematic relationship between marketing and sales employees, companies do not exploit this opportunity of market orientation. According to the model tested on a big corporation sample, the capacity of managers to use information available within the company is basically not an individual but organisational capacity.
Dina Salústio e as diferentes formas de representação da mulher na literatura cabo-verdiana
Authors: De Paula Sousa Araujo Francisca , Carine de Sousa Ana , Costa da Conceição Andressa
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo baseou-se na obra Mornas eram as Noites, da escritora cabo-verdiana Dina Salústio e tem por objetivo realizar diferentes formas de representação da mulher, além de desenvolver uma reflexão à condição feminina, na qual o livro tanto aborda. A autora, por meio de diferentes figuras femininas, analisa e discute o contexto social onde essas mulheres estão inseridas, em que o preconceito, a desigualdade de gênero e a idealização da mulher, são fatores que ainda persistem, fatos evidenciados por Salústio talvez também por esta ser, além de escritora, assistente social e jornalista. Além de evidenciar a continuidade de uma sociedade que ainda se mantém com o pensamento e comportamento patriarcal. Nesse sentido, a temática a ser abordada retrata o modo como muitas mulheres cabo-verdianas vivem na realidade. Buscou-se deixar claro a interpretação das ideias da autora tendo como suportes teóricos para a confecção deste artigo nomes como Salústio (2002), Laranjeira (1992), Tedeschi (2019), dentre outros.