bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير تدريبات بالمساحات الصغيرة في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والمهارية والاداء الخططي لدى لاعبي كرة القدم الصالات
Authors: Alia Abdullah Kazim  , Assis  prof. Dr. Razzaq Hussein Odeh
Published: March 2024

الملخص
   ان اهمية التدريب بالمساحات الصغيرة من الاساليب الهامة تطبيقها في لعبة كرة الصالات كون طبيعة الاداء مختلفة في اللعبة من خلال قرب المنافس ومحدودية الملعب الذي يتطلب من اللاعب التعامل مع الجوانب البدنية والمهارية والخططية بشكل جيد. مشكلة البحث  وجود تدني في مستوى البدني و المهاري وكيفية التصرف في المواقف المختلفة في المباريات  و ان هذا التذبذب  في مستوى الاداء للاعبي كرة القدم للصالات الشباب  و الذي قد يكون من أسبابه ضعف القدرات البدنية و المهارية و الخططية  مما ينعكس سلبا على اداء اللاعب بشكل خاص وعلى نتيجة المباراة بشكل عام ، بالإضافة الى اعتماد بعض المدربين على المناهج الكلاسيكية والجاهزة التي قد لا تتطابق مع هؤلاء اللاعبين مما يؤدي الى تراجع مستواه المهاري والخططي .اما اهداف البحث هي اعداد تمرينات بأسلوب  تدريبات المساحات الصغيرة في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية و المهارية و الاداء و المعرفة الخططية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم للصالات . اما منهجية البحث وإجراءاته , استخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي بأسلوب المجموعتين المتكافئتين (التجريبية والضابطة) وقد تمثل مجتمع البحث بلاعبي المركز التخصصي في محافظة ذي قار بكرة القدم للصالات للموسم الرياضي 2022 \2023   والبالغ عددهم (20) لاعبآ , وتم تحديد عينة البحث البالغة (16)لاعبآ  تم تقسيمهم بالطريقة العشوائية على مجموعتين متكافئتين مجموعة  تجريبية وعددها (8)لاعبين واستخدمت (4) لاعبين للعينة الاستطلاعية . ومن اهم الاستنتاجات:-

أن التمرينات المعدة وفق تدريبات المساحات الصغيرة كان لها الاثر الأثر الأيجابي في تطوير القدرات البدنية للاعبي كرة القدم للصالات.
أن لتدريبات المساحات الصغيرة دور ايجابي في تنمية بعض المهارات الاساسية بكرة القدم للصالات.
أن لتدريبات المساحات الصغيرة كان لها الاثر الايجابي في تسمية الاداء المعرفة الخططية لدى لاعبي كرة القدم للصالات .
Професійне спілкування медичних працівників у лікувальних закладах США
Authors: Дробот Ольга , Карпілянський Дмитро
Published: March 2024

У статті проаналізовано наукову і методичну літературу з проблеми організації професійного спілкування медичного персоналу лікувальних закладів США. Відмічено, що далеко не для всіх із них притаманні ефективне професійне спілкування, співпраця та командна робота. Зазначено, що недоліки соціального характеру, особливості взаємовідносин між медичними працівниками, організаційні нюанси призводять до недоліків у комунікаціях, які стають важливою причиною зниження безпеки пацієнтів.
Вказано, що на ефективність професійного спілкування медичних працівників впливає низка специфічних комунікативних бар’єрів до яких віднесено: відмінності в особистих цінностях, очікуваннях, особистих якостях; ієрархічність відносин; деструктивна поведінка; культурні, етнічні, вікові та гендерні відмінності; відмінності в мові та жаргоні; відмінності у графіку та професійному розпорядку; різні рівні підготовки, кваліфікації та статусу; відмінності в освіті; страх ерозії професійної ідентичності; відмінності в підзвітності, оплаті праці та винагороді; ризики, по’вязані з відповідальністю; складність догляду; потреба у швидкому прийнятті рішення.
Запропоновано низку заходів для зменшення впливу недоліків у системі професійного спілкування медичного персоналу серед яких використання спеціалізованих тренінгів із інших галузей економіки та створення відповідної організаційної культури професійного спілкування у лікувальному закладі. Показано, що створення організаційної культури професійного спілкування повинно ґрунтуватися на формуванні у медичного персоналу організаційної відданості і готовності вирішувати проблеми на робочому місці, визнання та самоусвідомлення наявних проблем, заохоченні співробітників до реагування на деструктивну поведінку колег незалежно від їх статусу, навчання медичного персоналу основним навичкам, необхідним для ефективного професійного спілкування.
Ключові слова:професійне спілкування, медичні працівники, лікувальні заклади, комунікативні бар’єри, організаційна культура професійного спілкування.
STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURES REGARDING REDOX REACTION: COMBINING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING AND HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS APPROACHES
Authors: Tang Wenxiu , Qian Yangyi , Wang Hong , Wen Jinju , Huang Jiayi , Zhu Xintong , Wang Yangqian
Published: March 2024

Redox reaction is a core chemical concept. However, its abstract nature makes it very difficult for students. Students’ conceptual structure reflects their mastery of concepts, which helps teachers implement targeted educational strategies. This study aimed to explore the conceptual structures of redox reaction held by students (grades 10 to 12) by employing MDS and HCA. A total of 606 students participated, with 195 students in 10th grade, 202 in 11th grade, and 209 in 12th grade. The results indicated that three-dimensional solutions were appropriate for the conceptual structures of 10th and 12th graders, while 11th graders demonstrated two-dimensional solutions. All students grouped the 15 concepts related to redox reaction into two large clusters: metrology and the redox reaction process. Moreover, both 10th and 12th graders further subdivided the 15 concepts into four subclusters: metrology, oxidation process, reduction process, and chemical reaction. Students’ conceptual structures were rational across all three grades. The conceptual structures of 10th and 12th graders were more refined than those of 11th graders, and there was no significant difference between the conceptual structures of 10th and 12th graders. 11th graders learned about electrochemistry and tended to confuse concepts related to redox reaction with those related to electrochemistry.
Keywords: conceptual structure, redox reaction, multidimensional scaling (MDS), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD BIOTECHNOLOGY IN STEM EDUCATION AS AN INDICATOR OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY
Authors: Li Ruo-Yang , Ma Yu-Yang
Published: March 2024

Biotechnology has great importance as a socioscientific issue in STEM education. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of college students toward biotechnology. A total of 236 university students participated in the study. Questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes towards biotechnology were used for data collection. The results revealed that participants had inadequate knowledge about several basic concepts related to genetics and biotechnology, particularly those concerning genetically modified organisms. The results regarding the attitudes revealed more neutral results. The participants had a neutral attitude towards biotechnology, with mean scores ranging from 2.71 to 3.55. They were generally against buying genetically modified products but supported biotechnology for medical purposes and strongly desired to increase their knowledge about genetically modified products. The participants did not have a negative opinion of biotechnology in general but were critical of its purpose and use. The correlation analysis between knowledge and attitudes produced weak correlations. Offering supplementary resources on biotechnology can enhance students' and individual’s understanding and attitudes of this topic.
Keywords: biotechnology education, attitudes toward biotechnology, knowledge of biotechnology, socioscientific issue, STEM education
THE IMPACT OF THE OK4R MOBILE PLATFORM ON VOCATIONAL STUDENTS’ IMPROVEMENT OF SCIENCE READING COMPREHENSION AND LOGICAL THINKING
Authors: Lin Pao-Yin , Chen Pei-yu , Liu Yuan-Chen , Yang Hsiao-Ching
Published: March 2024

In Taiwan, the education system places a strong emphasis on higher education. Students who perform well in the National High School Entrance Examination are given priority admission to public high schools, while those with lower scores tend to enroll in vocational schools. It's worth noting that students with low scores in this examination often struggle with reading and natural literacy, typically scoring below level 2 in PISA assessments.
This study examined the impact of implementing the mobile platform OK4R reading strategy on students' comprehension of popular science reading and their logical thinking abilities. The research was conducted with two classes of first-year vocational school students.
The findings indicate that when students used the OK4R mobile platform for popular science reading, it had a positive effect on their popular science reading comprehension and their logical thinking skills. Notably, female students outperformed their male counterparts. The study also revealed that several factors, including gender, basic abilities, and other variables, influenced the effectiveness of the OK4R mobile platform for vocational students. Those with lower science scores appeared to benefit the most from this approach.
Keywords: OK4R, popular science reading, logical thinking, vocational high school students, reading comprehension
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF CRANE-LESS LIFTING OF LONG-SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE AND METAL COATINGS
Authors: TONKACHEIEV HENNADII , IGNATENKO OLEKSANDR , RASHKIVSKYI VOLODYMYR , DUBOVYK IRYNA , TRYHUB ANNA , SOBKO YURI
Published: March 2024

Based on the analysis of well-known organizational-technological and structural-technical examples of crane-less lifting of long-span reinforced concrete and metal coatings of industrial and civil buildings, the goal was to develop a technological solution that would increase efficiency and shorten the duration of work on the construction of roofing structures. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of examples of the use of technologies of forced lifting of coatings by push-out methods, mechanized technological equipment for raising columns was developed, which consists of lifting modules and lifting fasteners. The lifting of the covering is carried out by leaning on the heads of the mounting columns, which are raised in the space between the paired design columns. In the process of increasing the load from the sections of the mounting columns, the support frames of the lifting modules and the lifting clamps take turns. According to the developed technological solution, in the initial phase, paired design columns are installed in the foundations by the method of free lifting with the help of cranes, and the construction and technological block of the covering is formed on low scaffolding. The support bars of the cover block are inserted into the space between the paired columns. Lifting modules and lifting fasteners are installed on the foundations, adjacent to the design columns. After completion of work on consolidation of the coating into a structural and technological unit, crane-less lifting of the coating to the design height is performed. For this, hydraulic lift cylinders raise the support frames and, fixed on them, the support bolts of the coating. Then the load from the coating is transferred to the lifting fasteners. At the next stage, the sections of the mounting columns are extended in the space between the columns. After lifting the covering to the design height with support on the mounting columns, the support bars of the covering are fixed on the heads of the design columns. Sections of mounting columns are dismantled. When using the developed technology, the lifting of the covering to a height of 34 m takes 1.8-2.0 shifts. At the same time, the dimensions of the construction site do not exceed the overall dimensions of the raised surface.
Efficiency of the use of compound foodstuffs with different levels of formulated fermented soya meal EP500 when growing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to market weight
Authors: Vozniuk R. , Sychov M.
Published: March 2024

The article highlights the influence of feeding Clarias gariepinus with mixed fodders with different levels of replacement of fish meal with fermented soybean meal EP500 on the live weight and average daily weight gain of Clarias gariepinus reared to marketable weight. Experimental studies were conducted at the Pshenychnyi Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted using the method of analogue groups lasting 84 days, which was divided into 6 subperiods lasting 14 days each. For the experiment, 300 heads of African sharptooth catfish with an average weight of 351–352 grams were selected and formed by the method of analogues into three groups of 100 heads each — control and 2 experimental. The fish were fed with compound feed, which differed in different levels of fermented soybean meal. Thus, in the feed of the control group, the amount of fish meal was 36% without the addition of fermented soybean meal EP500, while in the feed of group 2, the content of fish meal was reduced to 11% and 25% of fermented soybean meal EP500 was added. In the preparation of feed for group 3, efforts were made to replace 100% of fish meal with fermented soybean meal EP500, while the content of fermented soybean meal EP500 was 36%. On the 56th day of the experiment, changes in live weight became significant. Thus, the third group, which contained 36% of fermented soybean meal EP500, was 5.22 g (p≤0.05) ahead of the control in live weight. The second group was heavier than the control by 3.68 g, but there was no significant difference between them. When weighed on day 70 of the experiment, the live weight in the second experimental group was 9.34 g higher than in the control group (p≤0.05) and became significant. At the same time, the third group was 10.9 g higher in live weight compared to the control group (p≤0.05) and continued to be significant. At the end of the experiment on day 84, this pattern continued. Thus, the live weight of African sharptooth catfish in the second and third experimental groups was higher compared to the control by 9.77 g (p≤0.05) in the second experimental group and 12.07 g (p≤0.01) in the third experimental group, although there was no statistical significance between the experimental (second and third) groups. The analysis of the average daily weight gain for the entire period showed a significant difference in this indicator in the second and third groups, which exceeded the control by 1.34% (p≤0.01) and 1.57% (p≤0.001), respectively.
Agroecological state of soils in Kyiv Polissia
Authors: Hodynchuk N. , Zapasnyi V. , Makarchuk O. , Serazhim L. , Hrytsina I. , Mazur S.
Published: March 2024

Based on the results of the 9th, 10th and 11th rounds of agrochemical land profiling conducted by the State Enterprise «Soil Protection», the agroecological state of soils in Kyiv Polissia is analyzed using the example of the soils in Makariv rural territorial community of Bucha district in Kyiv region. The surveyed soils of the community were assessed for their organic matter content, mobile nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, and moisture levels. It was determined that nearly 54% of the surveyed agricultural land in Makariv rural territorial community consists of acidic soils. The area of these soils increased by 8.3% due to the redistribution of land from neutral pH to slightly acidic. Over 15 years, there was a decrease in organic matter content from 2.52%, which corresponded to the average level, to a low content of 1.9%. During this period, there was a redistribution of soil areas based on organic matter content, with an increase in soils with very low and low organic matter content at the expense of soils with medium and high organic matter content. Currently, soils with very low and low organic matter content predominate at 66.3%. Only 1.2% of the surveyed areas in the community have elevated organic matter content, and 0.5% of them have high to very high content. Monitoring the content of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soils indicated a decrease from 67 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg. In contrast, the content of mobile potassium compounds increased by 42%, from 36 mg/kg to 51 mg/kg. Based on the data from the agrochemical survey, a qualitative assessment of the agricultural land soils in Makariv rural territorial community was conducted, and it was found that, in general, the quality corresponds to a low level, with 29 points (Class VIII). Specifically, soils of low and very low quality cover 97.2% of the area (Class VII — 16.2%, Class VIII — 80.9%), with only 2.8% of the area being of elevated quality (Class V). A decrease in soils of low quality by 15.7% and an increase in soils of very low quality by 12.9% were also noted.
The essence of behavioral economics in the practice of rational nature use
Authors: Lazarenko V.
Published: March 2024

The analysis and characterization of the essential and substantive basis of the concept of behavioral economics in rational nature management was carried out. To achieve the goal of the research, the article presents an assessment of the transformational process of behavioral economics in the environmentalization of agriculture in the temporal dimension, which is the construction of a cause-and-effect model with a reflection and thorough characterization of compliance with rational and irrational axioms, as well as individual ecological characteristics. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of behavioral theory is characterized from the point of view of various scientific schools and the stages of its formation as an independent modern concept in economic theory, as well as the peculiarities of each of the interpretations, their practical impact at each of the stages of formation. Taking into account the conducted analysis, in the course of our research, an author’s approach to defining the definition of behavioral economics in ecologically safe agriculture as a direction of economic theory was proposed, which includes a complex of models and mechanisms that determine the rationality and irrationality of an individual’s behavior in relation to the natural resources of the agrosphere, and on the basis of this definition, the corresponding features of the behavioral concept in the practice of nature economy are highlighted, and the characteristics of each of them are given. The mandatory further study of the behavioral concept from the perspective of an integrated approach is separately emphasized.
ВПЛИВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ ЗЕМЛЕРОБСТВА НА ПРОЦЕСИ ВИВІЛЬНЕННЯ ВУГЛЕЦЮ З ГРУНТУ
Authors: Drebot O. , Dyshlyk V.
Published: March 2024

The article considers an important aspect of modern agriculture, namely the impact of technological innovations on the processes of carbon release into the atmosphere. Based on the growing concerns about climate change and greenhouse gases, the article provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between agricultural practices and environmental impacts. The first part of the article discusses the relationship between agriculture and the carbon cycle, highlighting which processes contribute to the release of carbon and its storage in the soil. The article then explores modern technologies and approaches aimed at reducing CO2 emissions, including precision agriculture, forest and resource conservation systems, as well as the use of drones and robotics in agriculture. Further emphasis is placed on the impact of global climate change on agriculture and how technology can help the industry adapt to these changes. The paper also discusses important aspects of policies and regulations that can help reduce CO2 emissions in the agricultural sector. The overall conclusions of the paper reinforce the importance of understanding and implementing sustainability in agriculture and call for greater collaboration between scientific researchers, farmers and government to ensure sustainable and environmentally responsible agriculture.
Peculiarities of functioning of Ukrainian business during martial law
Authors: Malinovska O. , Borsa O.
Published: March 2024

Based on the conducted research, the state of development of Ukrainian business during martial law is determined. In particular, the state of business entities is analyzed on the example of several industries (agricultural, IT, and energy sectors). The state of business is analyzed in comparison with the period up to February 23, 2022. The relevant statistical data are provided. The article examines the changes in the legislation relating to the taxation policy of business entities during the special period, in particular, the calculation and payment of the single tax and the single social contribution. The most important programs of support for small and mediumsized businesses launched by the state during martial law are considered. These include: the state program of business relocation, loans at 0% interest rate, introduction of resources that can be useful in a crisis situation (Work4UA, Prozorro+, etc.). The authors analyzes and substantiates the importance and necessity of referring to the world experience of countries in force majeure circumstances. The following measures are proposed: expanding access to capital for small and medium-sized businesses; expanding access of small and medium-sized businesses to training and consulting support programs.
PHYTOPATHOGENIC COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF RADISH UNDER OPEN-GROUND CULTIVATION IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Shchetyna S.
Published: March 2024

The features of the phytopathogenic background formation in radish crops under open-ground cultivation in the territory of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for the years 2008–2022 were analyzed. It was determined that the phytosanitary condition of radish crops is environmentally hazardous and requires strict control of disease agents. A total of 48 species of phytopathogens were identified on plants, including 4 species of viruses, 11 species of bacteria, 25 species of fungi, and 8 species of oomycetes, causing 24 types of diseases. Accordingly, in the structure of the phytopathogenic complex, fungi occupied — 52%, bacteria — 23%, oomycetes — 17%, viruses — 8%. Pathogens causing damping-off (Phytophthora spp., Fusarium spp., Pythium debaryanu, Rhizoctonia solani), fusariosis (Fusarium avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. moniliforme Schw., F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani), and phomosis (Phoma exigna, P. lingam (Tode) Desm.) were identified with high frequency in radish crops. Among the identified phytopathogens, seven species were recognized as the most dangerous worldwide: Cucumber mosaic virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Ralstonia solanacearum, Botrytis cinerea Fr., Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Albugo candida. The dominant diseases of radish during 2008–2022 were downy mildew and powdery mildew, affecting an average of 5–16% (max 20%) of the crop area. The most widespread diseases on plants were powdery mildew (21–30%), downy mildew (18–28%), various types of rots (15–26%), bacterial leaf spot (18–22%), and fusariosis (15–23%), with symptoms appearing at almost all stages of radish plant organogenesis. Critical stages were found to be the initial phases (BBCH 0–9, BBCH 10–11) and the period of root formation and growth (BBCH 41, BBCH 42–48).
Persepsi dan Makna Tradisi Bajapuik bagi Masyarakat Minang Perantauan di Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Aulia Putri , Rahiem Maila D.H , Nourwahida Cut Dhien
Published: March 2024

This research explores the perspectives and meanings of the Bajapuik tradition for the Minangkabau diaspora community in Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta. The study utilizes an explorative descriptive qualitative method. The researcher interviewed 2 ninik-mamak figures and 10 Minangkabau community members who have participated in the Bajapuik tradition. The research data indicates that: 1) The Minangkabau diaspora community interprets the Bajapuik tradition as a courtship tradition; 2) The importance of the involvement of ninik-mamak in leading the implementation of the Bajapuik tradition; 3) The Bajapuik tradition performed in diaspora has undergone changes in its implementation procedures; 4) The determination of the Japuik money is influenced by the social status of the man. The researcher concludes that the implementation of the Bajapuik tradition in the diaspora has experienced changes and shifts based on its original cultural values, but it is still carried out and preserved by involving traditional figures and the Minangkabau community to provide cultural understanding of the Bajapuik tradition.
Perampasan Tanah dan Perlawanan Petani: Dampak Perkebunan Sawit terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat di Pasaman Barat Tahun 1980-2022
Authors: Adawiyah Radiatul , Zubir Zaiyardam , Efendi Hary
Published: March 2024

This research examines "Land Grabbing and Farmer Resistance: The Impact of Oil Palm Plantations on People’s Life in West Pasaman during 1980-2022". Forests belonging to indigenous peoples encountered land grabbing and conversion into oil palm plantations. Land grabbing is a common phenomenon in West Pasaman.  The purpose of this research are  to find out the pattern of land ownership in West Pasaman from 1980-2022, strategy of land grabbing, the resistance of oil palm farmers, Fourthly, and the impact of the widespread land grabbing activities on oil palm plantations in West Pasaman. This research used a multidimensional approach. For this reason, social science theories such as economics, anthropology and sociology were used to explain the subject matter. This method strategy is important to be able to analyze the research topic more comprehensively. The method used was historical method including heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.  The result of research shows that the expansion of oil palm plantations is putatively more than 70% of land in West Pasaman controlled by large companies, while the rest of 30% is for the people in West Pasaman. Large plantations did land acquisition successfully in various ways such as buying land, cooperation with traditional leaders, and land grabbing. The land grabbing results in various effects: people losing their land, displaced communities, poverty, no place to stand and farmer resistance. In conclusion, the expansion of oil palm plantations has generated various conflicts within community. The main sources of conflict are land grabbing and socio-economic inequality in the community. This then led to the farmer’s resistance against the rulers and entrepreneurs of oil palm plantations.
Perilaku Organisasi dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah di Kabupaten Buton Selatan
Authors: Darmin La Ode Dwiyan Pramono , Parasit La , Jasir B. Jasir B. , Ilham Ilham
Published: March 2024

This research describes organizational behavior in disaster management in South Buton Regency. The study employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques using triangulation (interview, observation, and documentation). Data substance reduction is then presented for analysis. The analysis in this research utilizes Robins & Judge’s organizational behavior model with three levels of analysis. The findings of research include, among others, at the individual level, the South Buton Regency’s Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) exhibits diverse attitude, perception sensitive to disaster mitigation, and motivation requiring effective management. To achieve optimal performance in disaster management, there is a need for management strategies that understand the uniqueness of each individual, create a supportive organizational culture, and motivate employees with clear guidance. At the group level, effective leadership, structured communication, and proper conflict resolution are essential for achieving goals and optimal performance in BPBD South Buton Regency. At the organizational level, organizational structure, organizational culture, and human resource management in BPBD South Buton Regency have been formed and operated effectively. This structure aims to establish formal task distribution, create unity, and enable effective coordination and collaboration in achieving organizational goals.
Improving the Load Carrying Capacity through Asymmetric Spur Gear using WC-Fe Metal Matrix Composite for Automobile Applications
Authors: Srinivas M. Shanmuka , Purushothaman Sangeeth
Published: March 2024

Gears are the components that have been used for a century to transmit power from one place to another place. Symmetric spur gears are commonly used in the gearbox to transmit power between two parallel shafts. In order to increase the load carrying capacity of the spur gear with reduced noise and vibration, its profile can be modified. This can be achieved by changing the gear tooth design into asymmetric form. Asymmetrically toothed gears are used in power transmission for transmitting the power in one direction. These teeth help to improve the load carrying and power transmitting capacity of the gear. The strength can be further increased by changing the material used in gears. This can be made possible by using Metal Matrix Composite as a gear material. The metal matrix composites have high stiffness and strength to weight ratio compared to the Alloy Steel. The main objective of this project is to increase the load carrying capacity of the spur gear by using WC-Fe metal matrix composite material. The symmetric and asymmetric gear modeling has been done for existing car gear (Maruthi 800) using Ansys parametric design language software. The contact stress, bending stress and von Mises stress of the composite, as well as conventional gear material, is analyzed and the results are compared to find the percentage increase in strength of the gear.
Die hard: necroptosis and its impact on age-dependent neuroinflammatory diseases
Authors: Smith Kaitlan , Colie Meagan , Moore Trinity , Schisler Jonathan C.
Published: March 2024

The pro-inflammatory form of cellular death, necroptosis, is critical to age-related pathologies. Necroptosis primarily functions as an antipathogenic and antitumor biological mechanism by triggering inflammatory pathways within rogue cell bodies, resulting in cell death. Several neurodegenerative conditions have hallmarks of necroptosis, suggesting a potential role for this cell death pathway in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death, likely through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that perpetuate inflammatory signaling and neurodegeneration. The receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIPK1/3) signaling cascade is critical to necroptosis regulation; however, the complete mechanism behind necroptotic activation, regulation, and resolution remains incomplete. In cases where necroptosis is disadvantageous, such as neurodegenerative diseases, we lack effective pharmacological suppressors of necroptosis that could mitigate disease progression. Targeting regulatory proteins within the necroptotic signaling pathway has shown promise; however, the need for specific inhibitors limits therapeutic opportunities. This review focuses on necroptosis and its role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in age-dependent disorders. We comprehensively detail the known necroptotic signaling pathways and potential signaling partners and discuss the ongoing therapeutic efforts in targeting and preventing active necroptotic signaling and their relevance to neuroprotection.
Characterization of a Straboviridae phage vB_AbaM-SHI and its inhibition effect on biofilms of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Jiang Liming , Xu Qian , Wu Ying , Zhou Xianglian , Chen Zhu , Sun Qiangming , Wen Jinsheng
Published: March 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a popular clinical pathogen worldwide. Biofilm-associated antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii infection poses a great threat to human health. Bacteria in biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants. Furthermore, inhibition or eradication of biofilms in husbandry, the food industry and clinics are almost impossible. Phages can move across the biofilm matrix and promote antibiotic penetration. In the present study, a lytic A. baumannii phage vB_AbaM-SHI, belonging to family Straboviridae, was isolated from sauce chop factory drain outlet in Wuxi, China. The DNA genome consists of 44,180 bp which contain 93 open reading frames, and genes encoding products morphogenesis are located at the end of the genome. The amino acid sequence of vB_AbaM-SHI endolysin is different from those of previously reported A. baumannii phages in NCBI. Phage vB_AbaM-SHI endolysin has two additional β strands due to the replacement of a lysine (K) (in KU510289.1, NC_041857.1, JX976549.1 and MH853786.1) with an arginine (R) (SHI) at position 21 of A. baumannii phage endolysin. Spot test showed that phage vB_AbaM-SHI is able to lyse some antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as A. baumannii (SL, SL1, and SG strains) and E. coli BL21 strain. Additionally, phage vB_AbaM-SHI independently killed bacteria and inhibited bacterial biofilm formation, and synergistically exerted strong antibacterial effects with antibiotics. This study provided a new perspective into the potential application value of phage vB_AbaM-SHI as an antimicrobial agent.
The effect of vitamin D deficiency on platelet parameters in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Talebzadeh Amirhossein , Ghaffari Hadi , Ghaffari Kazem , Yazdanpanah Sorur , Yousefi Goltappeh Bahman , Eslami Majid , Ghasemi Ali
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Since there is very little information about the relationship between platelet parameters and vitamin D concentration in patients with COVID-19, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D level and platelet parameters in patients with COVID-19 and to compare these parameters in patients with COVID-19 without vitamin D deficiency and, subsequently, the prognostic value of these parameters in cases of vitamin D deficiency.

Methods

Seven hundred and forty-three patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without vitamin D deficiency. The associations between platelet indices and vitamin D levels were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation analysis and a one-way ANOVA test.

Results

Platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were significantly higher in the patients with vitamin D deficiency than in the patients without vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant negative correlation between platelet count and MPV with vitamin D levels in patients with vitamin D deficiency (r = -0.835, P = 0.001 & r = -0.324, P = 0.042, respectively). Vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients can determine the platelet count and MPV of the patients.

Discussion

The aforementioned results imply that maintaining an elevated concentration of vitamin D in COVID-19 patients is important because it is associated with a decrease in MPV, which in turn reduces susceptibility to diseases such as coronary artery disease.
Construction and validation of a machine learning model for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis based on fecal microbiota
Authors: Tu Jun-Bo , Liao Wei-Jie , Long Si-Ping , Li Meng-Pan , Gao Xing-Hua
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Human gut microbiota has been shown to be significantly associated with various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an excellent auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) based on fecal microbial biomarkers.

Method

The fecal metagenomic sequencing data associated with JIA were extracted from NCBI, and the sequencing data were transformed into the relative abundance of microorganisms by professional data cleaning (KneadData, Trimmomatic and Bowtie2) and comparison software (Kraken2 and Bracken). After that, the fecal microbes with high abundance were extracted for subsequent analysis. The extracted fecal microbes were further screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the selected fecal microbe biomarkers were used for model training. In this study, we constructed six different machine learning (ML) models, and then selected the best model for constructing a JIA diagnostic tool by comparing the performance of the models based on a combined consideration of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, specificity, F1 score, calibration curves and clinical decision curves. In addition, to further explain the model, Permutation Importance analysis and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were performed to understand the contribution of each biomarker in the prediction process.

Result

A total of 231 individuals were included in this study, including 203 JIA patients and Non-JIA individuals. In the analysis of diversity at the genus level, the alpha diversity represented by Shannon value was not significantly different between the two groups, while the belt diversity was slightly different. After selection by LASSO regression, 10 fecal microbe biomarkers were selected for model training. By comparing six different models, the XGB model showed the best performance, which average AUC, accuracy and F1 score were 0.976, 0.914 and 0.952, respectively, thus being used to construct the final JIA diagnosis model.

Conclusion

A JIA diagnosis model based on XGB algorithm was constructed with excellent performance, which may assist physicians in early detection of JIA patients and improve the prognosis of JIA patients.
Molecular determinant deciphering of MIC-guided RND efflux substrates in E. coli
Authors: Revol-Tissot Johan , Boyer Gérard , Alibert Sandrine
Published: March 2024

Antimicrobial resistance poses an urgent and formidable global public health threat. The escalation of bacterial multidrug resistance to antibiotics has the potential to become a leading cause of global mortality if there is no substantial improvement in antimicrobial development and therapy protocols. In light of this, it is imperative to identify the molecular determinants responsible for the reduced antibiotic activity associated with RND efflux pumps. This comprehensive study meticulously examines Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) data obtained from in vitro tests for various antibiotic families and non-active dye compounds, sourced from diverse literature references. The primary focus of this study is to assess the susceptibility of these agents to efflux-resistant Escherichia coli strains, integrating both MIC data and relevant physicochemical properties. The central objective is to unveil the specific substituents that significantly influence the uptake process mediated by the AcrAB-TolC efflux system. This exploration seeks to reveal the consequences of these substituents on pharmacodynamic responses, providing valuable insights into Structure-Activity Relationships. It is noteworthy that this analysis represents a pioneering effort, with prospective implications for RND efflux pump-producing strains. Ultimately, deciphering efflux markers is crucial to effectively mitigate the emergence of specific resistance and to better monitor the role of this primary resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria, particularly as observed in clinical antibiotic therapy practice.
eHealth implementation in Europe: a scoping review on legal, ethical, financial, and technological aspects
Authors: Bente Britt E. , Van Dongen Anne , Verdaasdonk Ruud , van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette
Published: March 2024

Background

The evolution of eHealth development has shifted from standalone tools to comprehensive digital health environments, fostering data exchange among diverse stakeholders and systems. Nevertheless, existing research and implementation frameworks have primarily emphasized technological and organizational aspects of eHealth implementation, overlooking the intricate legal, ethical, and financial considerations. It is essential to discover what legal, ethical, financial, and technological challenges should be considered to ensure successful and sustainable implementation of eHealth.

Objective

This review aims to provide insights into barriers and facilitators of legal, ethical, financial, and technological aspects for successful implementation of complex eHealth technologies, which impacts multiple levels and multiple stakeholders.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted by querying PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ACM Digital Library (2018–2023) for studies describing the implementation process of eHealth technologies that facilitate data exchange. Studies solely reporting clinical outcomes or conducted outside Europe were excluded. Two independent reviewers selected the studies. A conceptual framework was constructed through axial and inductive coding, extracting data from literature on legal, ethical, financial, and technological aspects of eHealth implementation. This framework guided systematic extraction and interpretation.

Results

The search resulted in 7.308 studies that were screened for eligibility, of which 35 (0.48%) were included. Legal barriers revolve around data confidentiality and security, necessitating clear regulatory guidelines. Ethical barriers span consent, responsibility, liability, and validation complexities, necessitating robust frameworks. Financial barriers stem from inadequate funding, requiring (commercial) partnerships and business models. Technological issues include interoperability, integration, and malfunctioning, necessitating strategies for enhancing data reliability, improving accessibility, and aligning eHealth technology with existing systems for smoother integration.

Conclusions

This research highlights the multifaceted nature of eHealth implementation, encompassing legal, ethical, financial, and technological considerations. Collaborative stakeholder engagement is paramount for effective decision-making and aligns with the transition from standalone eHealth tools to integrated digital health environments. Identifying suitable stakeholders and recognizing their stakes and values enriches implementation strategies with expertise and guidance across all aspects. Future research should explore the timing of these considerations and practical solutions for regulatory compliance, funding, navigation of responsibility and liability, and business models for reimbursement strategies.
Virtual reality in the classroom: a difficult but exciting adventure for teachers and students
Authors: Rodríguez José L.
Published: March 2024

Virtual reality (VR) enables the creation of immersive and interactive learning environments for students and teachers. This article reports on an exploratory teaching practice conducted with pre-service secondary school teachers using Neotrie, a dynamic geometry software in virtual reality. In small groups, future teachers must learn how to use the software and design a didactic sequence to bring to the classroom. Following a research-action methodology, through this experience it is reported both the advantages and difficulties encountered when starting to use VR to design didactic sequences, as well as when learning a VR sandbox software with interactive tools, like Neotrie. A proposal for assessing the sequences under the premises of the TPaCK model is also included.
Appropriate whole genome amplification and pathogenic loci detection can improve the accuracy of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for deletional α-thalassemia
Authors: Lan Yueyun , Zhou Hong , He Sheng , Shu Jinhui , Liang Lifang , Wei Hongwei , Luo Jingsi , Wang Caizhu , Zhao Xin , Qiu Qingming , Huang Peng
Published: March 2024

Objective

To improve the accuracy of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in deletional α-thalassemia patients.

Design

Article.

Patient(s)

fifty-two deletional α-thalassemia couples.

Intervention(s)

Whole genome amplification (WGA), Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and PCR mutation loci detection.

Main outcome measures

WGA, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and PCR mutation loci detection results; Analysis of embryo chromosome copy number variation (CNV).

Results

Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) and Multiple Annealing and Looping–Based Amplification Cycles (MALBAC) methods for PGT for deletional α-thalassemia. Blastocyst biopsy samples (n = 253) were obtained from 52 deletional α-thalassemia couples. The results of the comparison of experimental data between groups MALBAC and MDA are as follows: (i) The average allele drop-out (ADO) rate, MALBAC vs. MDA = 2.27% ± 3.57% vs. 0.97% ± 1.4%, P=0.451); (ii) WGA success rate, MALBAC vs. MDA = 98.61% vs. 98.89%, P=0.851; (iii) SNP haplotype success rate, MALBAC vs. MDA = 94.44% vs. 96.68%, P=0.409; (iv) The result of SNP haplotype analysis is consistent with that of Gap-PCR/Sanger sequencing results, MALBAC vs. MDA = 36(36/72, 50%) vs. 151(151/181, 83.43%), P=0; (v) Valid SNP loci, MALBAC vs. MDA = 30 ± 9 vs. 34 ± 10, P=0.02; (vi) The mean CV values, MALBAC vs. MDA = 0.12 ± 0.263 vs. 0.09 ± 0.40, P=0.916; (vii) The average number of raw reads, MALBAC vs. MDA =3244259 ± 999124 vs. 3713146 ± 1028721, P=0; (viii) The coverage of genome (%), MALBAC vs. MDA = 5.02 ± 1.09 vs. 5.55 ± 1.49, P=0.008.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that MDA is superior to MALBAC for PGT of deletional α-thalassemia. Furthermore, SNP haplotype analysis combined with PCR loci detection can improve the accuracy and detection rate of deletional α-thalassemia.
Quantitative assessment of OCT and OCTA parameters in diabetic retinopathy with and without macular edema: single-center cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Cui Yanyan , Feng Dongfan , Wu Changlong , Wang Ping , Cui Ruoxi , Wang Xiaokun , Chang Weiwei , Shang Weiwei , Zhao Bojun , Liu Jing , Qin Xuejiao
Published: March 2024

Aim

The retinal and choroidal parameters were analyzed to understand the impairment of microcirculation of both retina and choroid in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods

Fifty-five treatment-naive non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients (75 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including 28 patients (36 eyes) with diabetic macular edema (DME) and 27 patients (39 eyes) without DME, and 25 healthy subjects (47 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The following parameters of DR patients with and without DME were evaluated: the foveal avascular zone area (FAZ-a), FAZ perimeter (FAZ-p), FAZ circularity index (FAZ-CI), total subfoveal choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choriocapillaris flow area percentage, superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP).

Results

SCP, DCP, and the percentage of choriocapillaris flow area were significantly different between DR patients with and without DME. The DR patients presented lower LA, CVI, and FAZ-CI compared to those of healthy controls (all p < 0.05). The percentage of choriocapillaris flow area in DR patients with and without DME was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (p < 0.05). SCP and DCP were significantly correlated with FAZ-a and FAZ-p but presented insignificant associations with FAZ-CI.

Conclusions

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) parameters, such as LA, CVI, FAZ-CI, and the percentage of choriocapillaris flow area, were reduced compared to those in controls, indicating that the microcirculations of the retina and choroid in the macular area were impaired in DR patients with DME and without DME.