bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helminth eggs assessment of fecal sludge in urban area of Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Muntalif Barti Setiani , Firdayati Mayrina , Lesmono Febrian Dwi , Siregar Anya Sally Vatima , Notodarmojo Peni Astrini , Fathuna Inat Shani
Published: February 2020

Soil-transmitted helminth eggs present to be non-excludable parameter for water quality and sanitation since they are linked to public health concern. Unfortunately, investigation of helminth eggs presence in wastewater is very limited in Indonesia. The result of previous study confirmed helminth eggs presence in irrigation water and land samples in agriculture field in urban area of Bandung. Inappropriate of wastewater treatment system and reuse of unsafe wastewater are the reason why helminth egg were found in agriculture area. Therefore, this study was conducted to get better understanding of helminth eggs presence in wastewater especially in fecal sludge of the city. Samples were collected from desludging trucks servicing residential and non-residential septic tanks from total 17 areas. Modification of US EPA method is used to analyse and enumerate the viable helminth eggs. There are big variations amount of helminth egg in samples from different area, from 4 eggs/L to 617 eggs/L. We found more than 10 species of helminth eggs. Hookworm egg counts were higher than those of Fasciola hepatica and Ascaris lumbricoides. This study also showed that septic tank inefficient for reducing helminth eggs presence in fecal sludge and for fulfilled recommendation of WHO for safe water reuse.
Serological diagnosis ofToxoplasma gondii: analysis of false-positive IgG results and implications
Authors: Simon Loïc , Fillaux Judith , Guigon Aurélie , Lavergne Rose-Anne , Villard Odile , Villena Isabelle , Marty Pierre , Pomares Christelle ,   Toxoplasma p35 Study Group
Published: February 2020

Background: Primary infection byToxoplasma gondiiin pregnant women can result in serious outcomes for the foetus. A false-positive IgG result during pregnancy can lead to a misdiagnosis of past infection and to stopping preventive measures. We collected 189 sera with positive Architect®Toxo IgG assay (Abbott Laboratories) and negative IgG results with at least two other serological tests, in order to find an explanation for the suspected false-positive IgG results. We used therecomLine Toxoplasma IgG®immunoblot (Mikrogen Diagnostik) to search for specific antigenic reactivities of the sera, and the LDBio Toxo II IgG®immunoblot (LDBio Diagnostics) as a confirmatory test.Results: The bands GRA8 and/or GRA7 were positive for 148 samples (78.3%). GRA8 was the most frequent band, appearing in 133 patterns (70.4%), whereas GRA7 was present for 49 samples (25.9%). Of the 81 samples tested with LDBio®, 23 (28.4%) turned out to be positive. Of the 58 negative LDBio®tests (71.6%) (real false-positive Architect®IgG), 23 samples (39.6%) did not show either a GRA8 or p30 band byrecomLine®. Their false positivity with Architect®remains unexplained since Abbott uses these two recombinant antigens for their assay.Conclusions: The Architect®IgG false positivity forT. gondiiseems to be due to reactivity against GRA8 for the majority of the sera and GRA7 to a lesser extent. The hypothesis of past contact with parasites genetically close toT. gondiisuch asHammondia hammondiorNeospora caninumseems promising and should be assessed further.
Significance of Extra-Esophageal Symptoms in Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Košec Andro , Žaja Orjena , Matovinović Filip , Jelavić Boris , Baudoin Tomislav
Published: February 2020

Introduction Current practice guidelines in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often require invasive diagnostic testing.

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of extra-esophageal symptoms and reliability of a screening risk score that is simple to use.

Methods A longitudinal retrospective single-institution cohort study. Setting: A university clinical hospital tertiary referral center. The present study enrolled pediatric patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD: epigastric pain, occasional nausea, regurgitation, tasting acid in the oral cavity, chronic cough, hoarseness of voice, frequent throat clearing. The patients underwent 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and fiber-optic laryngoscopy. The correlations between the local findings, anamnestic and objective measurement data were analyzed.

Results The present study evaluated 89 pediatric patients. Patients with asthma presented significantly more often with adjoining gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.0472). Patients that were obese were linked to a higher rate of reports of gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.0495). After the patients had been assigned to newly developed risk groups, obesity showed to be significantly more frequent in patients placed in higher risk groups (p < 0.0001) for a positive GERD diagnosis.

Conclusion Patients with leading symptoms of asthma presented significantly more often with adjoining gastrointestinal symptoms. Obesity showed to be significantly more frequent in patients placed in higher risk groups for a positive GERD diagnosis.
Knowledge and Opinions of Saudi Dentists Regarding Dental Treatment of Patients Undergoing Bisphosphonates
Authors: Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Alshammari Maha Naif , Alharbi Abdulaziz Rabah , Bahein Aisha Abdullah , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Al-Shamiri Hashem Motahir , Alahmary Ahmed Wallan , Doumani Mazen
Published: February 2020

Objectives Bisphosphonates (BPs) are used for treatment of various benign and malignant medical conditions. Medications-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a very serious complication of prolonged therapy with BPs. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding MRONJ.

Materials and Methods This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire comprising close-ended questions about BPs and MRONJ was sent to a convenience sample of dentists in Saudi Arabia.

Statistical Analysis SPSS software was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare between the groups. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results A total of 607 dentists participated in this survey. Overall, the respondents showed insufficient level of knowledge regarding BPORNJ, with only 70% of the respondents had heard about BPORNJ, and less than 50% recognized the risk factors and clinical features of the disease. Additionally, while two-thirds of the respondents recognized the importance of taking BPs history, the majority did not know the correct treatment approach. Respondents with higher degrees (specialists) showed far better knowledge than general dentists.

Conclusion The knowledge regarding BPs therapy and its complications among Saudi dentists is unsatisfactory. Hence, interventions are highly required to improve dentists’ knowledge regarding BPs and MRONJ.
An iterative Debye dispersion model for a horizontal multi-layered material
Authors: Huang Kai , He Zhili , Liu Song-hua
Published: February 2020

An iterative Debye model for a horizontal multi-layered material is found using a circuit model. A three-dimensional Finite Difference Method (3D-FDM) is developed to extract the effective permittivity and conductivity. The results obtained from the FDM and the present method agree very well, which shows the validity of the layered Debye formulas in terms of original circuit parameters. The derived iterative Debye formulas can be used to analyze the relationship between the effective electrical spectra and the electrical parameters of each layer. In addition, it can be applied for multi-layered models with extra-thin thickness geometry, which are probable models in electronic materials. Numerical results show that when the number of layers is more than two, the relaxation factor will not be a constant and more than one transition areas will appear. A thin insulation membrane in a layered model leads to the presence of a low frequency dielectric enhancement and largely decreases the effective conductivity at low frequencies. It was concluded from the numerical simulations that the dielectric enhancement is dependent on the membrane thickness, membrane conductivity, volumetric ratio, and the presence of conductivity contrast between materials.
Dietary supplemental chromium and niacin influence the growth performance and fat deposition in lambs
Authors: Hashemian K. , Norouzian M. A. , Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A.
Published: February 2020

Context
Nowadays fat is an unpopular constituent of meat for consumers and therefore, a decrease in fat-tail size is often desirable for producers. Feed additives like chromium (Cr) and niacin (B3) have been reported to improve meat quality in beef and dairy cattle. However, their effect on meat quality and performance of fat-tail breeds of finishing lambs is unknown.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental chromium (Cr) and niacin (B3) on performance and fat deposition of carcass of finishing lambs.

Methods
Twenty male Zandi lambs (23.7 ± 0.73 kg) were allocated into one of four treatments: (1) control; (2) 300 µg/ kg DM Cr as chromium methionine; (3) 200 mg/kg DM B3 as rumen-protected niacin; and (4) 300 µg/ kg DM Cr as chromium methionine + 200 mg/kg DM B3 as rumen-protected niacin.

Key results
Chromium and B3 supplementation decreased blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein levels (P < 0.05). Lambs fed diet supplemented with B3 consumed more feed with a higher growth (P < 0.05) compared with other groups. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage among experimental groups. However, there was a decrease in the subcutaneous, abdominal, tail and total carcass fat in Cr supplemented lambs (P < 0.01) compared with other experimental groups. The expression level of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and diglyceride acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) genes was lower in Cr groups of lambs compared with other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
These results indicated that organic Cr supplementation improved meat quality by reducing fat accumulation, whereas B3 supplementation resulted in higher growth rate and feed intake.

Implications
Results showed that chromium supplementation reduces expression level of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 and diglyceride acyltransferase 2 genes resulting in lower level of subcutaneous, abdominal, tail and total carcass fat of finishing lambs.
(Im)politeness, morality and the internet
Authors: Xie Chaoqun
Published: February 2020

Much recent research has contributed to the emergence of a moral turn in (im)politeness scholarship, further confirming the
evaluative nature of (im)politeness and the moral basis of (im)politeness evaluations, and further illuminating, among other
things, what is really at work when (im)politeness evaluations take place, what the moral order consists of and how the moral
order influences (im)politeness evaluations. Meanwhile, thanks to much emphasis on the instrumentality of words and
utterances, a distinction can be discerned between ‘politeness without’ (or practical politeness) and ‘politeness within’ (or
true politeness). Politeness within is true and truthful, but politeness without is not necessarily so. True politeness may be
in when self is out. This volume aims to further foreground the link between (im)politeness and morality in people’s
online interactions, revealing something about ourselves and about our life-worlds.
Impoliteness online
Authors: Kienpointner Manfred
Published: February 2020

This study provides an overview of the strategies and techniques of hate speech in online discourse (on online discourse or computer-mediated communication in general cf. e.g., Schwarzhaupt-Scholz 2004; Schmidt 2013; Dittler and Hoyer 2014; Seargeant and Tagg 2014). Based on a collection of online texts belonging to different genres (discussion forums, blogs, social media, tweets, homepages), this study will provide a qualitative analysis of destructively impolite utterances in online interactions. This analysis will make use of the standard typologies of impoliteness and their recent extensions (such as Culpeper 1996, 2005, 2011; Kienpointner 1997, 2008; Kleinke and Bös 2015), but some modifications and elaborations of these typologies will also be taken into account. Moreover, social, cultural and political reasons for the recent dramatic increase in hate speech in online interactions will be explored. Finally, the problem of how to deal with this destructive use of language will be briefly discussed and some possible solutions will be suggested (cf. Banks 2010).
Feedback between drought and deforestation in the Amazon
Authors: Staal Arie , Flores Bernardo M , Aguiar Ana Paula D , Bosmans Joyce H C , Fetzer Ingo , Tuinenburg Obbe A
Published: February 2020

Deforestation and drought are among the greatest environmental pressures on the Amazon rainforest, possibly destabilizing the forest-climate system. Deforestation in the Amazon reduces rainfall regionally, while this deforestation itself has been reported to be facilitated by droughts. Here we quantify the interactions between drought and deforestation spatially across the Amazon during the early 21st century. First, we relate observed fluctuations in deforestation rates to dry-season intensity; second, we determine the effect of conversion of forest to cropland on evapotranspiration; and third, we simulate the subsequent downwind reductions in rainfall due to decreased atmospheric water input. We find large variability in the response of deforestation to dry-season intensity, with a significant but small average increase in deforestation rates with a more intense dry season: with every mm of water deficit, deforestation tends to increase by 0.13% per year. Deforestation, in turn, has caused an estimated 4% of the recent observed drying, with the south-western part of the Amazon being most strongly affected. Combining both effects, we quantify a reinforcing drought-deforestation feedback that is currently small, but becomes gradually stronger with cumulative deforestation. Our results suggest that global climate change, not deforestation, is the main driver of recent drying in the Amazon. However, a feedback between drought and deforestation implies that increases in either of them will impede efforts to curb both.
Post-Brexit implications for transboundary groundwater management along the Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland border
Authors: Fraser C M , Brickell J , Kalin R M
Published: February 2020

There are multiple transboundary groundwater bodies shared between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland that are currently managed jointly through the EU Water Framework Directive. In 2016 the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union and consequently, there are uncertainties regarding the future status of groundwater management between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in regards to future UK environmental policy. This paper explores the post ‘Brexit’ transboundary groundwater implications, if a transboundary groundwater agreement is required between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, and, should it transpire, what form should it take.
Urban river governance through community movement to increase the adaptive capacity to climate change of the poor: a case study of Yogyakarta
Authors: Wicaksono Andie A.
Published: February 2020

This paper explains how the community movement governed the urban rivers’ climate adaptation using the case of Yogyakarta’s three main rivers. Before, these areas were prone to floods and disease outbreak. The Sultan Ground and private owned land statuses by the riversides created difficulties since many urban poor in this city lived in these areas. The local authority supported the poor through community engagement. This scheme resulted in a breakthrough. The communities there became more aware of the misuse of rivers. They proactively participated in the discussions and initiated a movement to conserve the riverside areas. The urban river governance proceeded both bottom-up and top-down approaches. This case used the explanation with purposive sampling derived from a list of related informants. The primary data was acquired through snowballing interviews, while secondary data was obtained from related stakeholders’ archives. Both types of data were collected to understand the multilevel governance structure within the stakeholders’ collaboration context. The movement resulted in better city planning. It reduced the vulnerability of the poor, while increasing their adaptive capacity to climate change. Using Yogyakarta as a case, this paper adds to the knowledge of urban resilience strategy in developing countries.
Importance of tangible and intangible heritage of the core area of Chowk, Lucknow
Authors: Kapur Arun
Published: February 2020

The tangible and intangible heritage of a country in a mélange of epitome created during various phases of history. The heritage core city areas of many South Asian countries are losing their original identity because of the rampant globalization and modern development. The conservation and preservation policies of such heritage core city areas need attention towards its holistic integration with urban development practices which can bridge a gap between the old and the new developments of the cities. Almost all the heritage core city areas have historical, religious, social, cultural, spiritual, and scientific or aesthetic significance. There is multiple layer of historical importance which give unique identification of heritage built up areas. The built-up heritage of the core areas is based on the typology of buildings, historical importance, architectural character in terms of plan and ornamentation, the socio-cultural lifestyle of people, economy, geographical location, governance, etc. This paper is an abstract from the research work of the author, where there is an attempt to discuss the way in which conservation is integrated with the urban development and in turn its possible contribution to the urban development of core city area of Chowk, Lucknow. The paper concluded with establishing a relationship between the tangible and intangible assets of the heritage of the core area of Chowk, Lucknow. It proposes a methodology towards conserving the cultural heritage of Chowk in today’s context.
Design positions of waste utility system that shaped the human movement patterns in traditional markets
Authors: Nadya Tengku , Dewi Ova Candra
Published: February 2020

Not every traditional market is equipped with sufficient waste processing utility system. The waste treatment system in Indonesia consists of five stages that include: (1) storage, (2) collection, (3) transfer, (4) transportation and (5) disposal system. Each stage involves a storage container with various capacities and different movement patterns for each processing system. Currently, merchants determine the storage placements and processing paths that depend on the market management. In general, they place them freely, not only in their stand but also in circulation space which then affected the human movement. A set of data collection, observation, and mapping were carried out in two traditional markets in Jakarta and three traditional markets in Depok. This study was aimed to identify the human movement patterns with regards to the positions of the utility system. Findings revealed two factors that influenced the human movement. Those were the availability of space in advance (the compatibility between spaces and properties of the containers), and the circulation paths (the process of waste treatment at the circulation paths that influenced human movement at certain times).
A study of cisadane riverside on riverbank development towards urban sustainability
Authors: Apriliani Dian , Dewi Ova Candra
Published: February 2020

Rivers have immense benefits for the environment and community. They become one of the water resources for the community and an option for community recreation area. Rivers also provide habitat and balance the ecosystem for the environment. Currently, the community is neglecting many rivers in that their water becomes polluted and unusable. This is the reason behind the existence of riverbank development, including in Cisadane Riverside located in Tangerang, Indonesia. This study was carried out in Cisadane Riverside to observe and analyse the elements that constructed the riverbank as public facilities toward sustainable pillars: environment, social and economy for urban sustainability. Observation and interview were conducted in six zones along the Cisadane Riverside. Regarding the riverbank development, it is important to pay attention to the environmental aspect to maintain the urban ecology while achieving the social and economic aspects. In conclusion, the riverbank development that considered the integrated environment, social and economic aspects would create the activity and interaction space for supporting both the urban sustainability particularly for the riverbank itself. The result of this study would be used as the reference for riverfront development towards urban sustainability in Indonesia.
Reading meaning of architectural work in a living heritage
Authors: Suprapti Atiek , Iskandar I.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine an analyzing procedures for reading the meaning of culture’s architectural work in a living heritage. Culture and architecture are inseparable parts. Architecture is composed of combination of signs ordered by certain codes that should be known and understood. Semiotic is a method that places architecture in a sign system, which follows to certain rules of the game. The predicate of an architectural work in the living heritage was more than just a monument, but it proceeds of living side by side with humans. The Semiotic procedure could be used to read its meaning by adding a stage of understanding. Using analytical-descriptive methods to investigate theoretical views, to explain semiotic analysis techniques, and to present of interview results, with the case of the Carahulu Komering house in Palembang South Sumatra. The views of semiotic architecture emphasize on the structure of signs, symbols and also gave attention to the process of meaning. However, in the case of investigation in a living heritage is needed placing signs and symbols as a human’s work should be understood, not merely as a fact which is seen as an object only. In this way a communication to the actors as subject was needed. The result shows this procedure could answer the culture’s architectural work meanings understood by its community as well as in general.
Understanding the place attachment and place identity in public space through the ability of community mental map
Authors: Purwanto Edi , Harani Arnis Rochma
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, numerous large cities in Indonesia are intensively providing urban public spaces. One of the famous public open spaces in Semarang City is the Simpang Lima area that serves as not only a public interaction space, but also a landmark of the city. Its visitors who come from various ages carry out activities in the daily and weekly times as they sit, discuss and interact with others. In addition, this public space is also used as a media for expressing ideas or interests of a group of users, such as groups with certain hobbies. The tendency of preference towards the use of public space is strongly influenced by one’s psychological attachment to space and place identity. This study aimed to examine the substance of place attachment and place identity through the ability of the community mental map. This study employed a phenomenological and functional approach, namely the disclosure of the ability of the community mental map through the technique of drawing sketches of areas that they understood and recognized and then supplemented by in-depth interviews. The results of the study illustrated that the attachment of places by users depended on their experience when visiting in this public space and the characteristics of the place identity of this public space.
Degradation of Triclosan by Co-exposure to Chlorine Dioxide and UV Irradiation
Authors: Li Rui , Chen Wenchao , Lai Chengran
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the effect of water quality parameters during simultaneous chlorine dioxide disinfection and low pressure ultraviolet (LPUV) irradiation on TCS degradation.The TCS degradation by the co-exposure process was sensitive to chlorine dioxide dosage, concentration of TCS, pH, and NOM.The removal efficiency increases as the pH increases.Neutral and slightly alkaline environments is conductive to promote TCS elimination, The removal rate within 1 minute of pH 5 was only 95.02%.The smaller the removal rate of TCS was decreased as the concentration of humic acid increasing. The higher the concentration of TCS lead to the lower the experimental removal. 2, 4-DCP was generated during UV/ClO2, ClO2 and UV, however, the production of 2, 8-Cl2DD was not detected during UV/ClO2 process.
Ecological Network-based Input-output Model for Virtual Water Analysis in China
Authors: Wu X J , Sun J , Liu J , Ding Y K , Huang G H , Li Y P
Published: February 2020

In this study, an ecological network-based input-output model (ENIOM) is developed for assessing the virtual water in China. Direct/indirect water consumption efficiency and virtual water flow directions among different sectors are quantified by input-out model, and the relationship (e.g., exploitation, competition and mutualism) among different sectors are identified by network utility analysis. Based on China’s input-output table in 2017, results show that (i) agriculture sector has the highest direct water consumption coefficient, and manufacturing sector has the highest indirect water consumption coefficient; (ii) manufacturing sector is the largest virtual water input and output sector, with a total net input of 93.6×109 m3 from the remaining seven sectors; and (iii) exploitation is the main relationship existed in the water network system. These findings suggest that more attentions should be paid on agricultural and manufacturing sectors in terms of water resources management.
Quantitative Analysis of Impact of Climate Variability and Human Activities on Water Resources Change in Suzhou City
Authors: Xiangyu Zhang , Chao Zhao , Jinyan Yang
Published: February 2020

Assessing the contribution of climate variability and human activities to Suzhou’s water resources change is important to the design of water resources and provide technical support for the overall planning of Suzhou sponge city. Based on Suzhou hydrology history data, Mann-Kendall method and linear regression method is used to study the change trend of more than 50 years of Suzhou rainfall runoff evaporation, coupled with Mann-Kendall method to validate the abrupt change point of the annual runoff series. The elasticity method is used to analysis the contribution of climate variability and human activities, to explore the main cause of the change of the runoff. The results show that the overall trend of rainfall over the years is increasing, the overall trend of runoff over the years is significantly increasing, and the overall trend of evaporation over the years is decreasing, and a sudden change occurred in 1991. climate variability in Suzhou is the main factor of runoff change, contributing 58.52% and contributing 41.48% to human activities.
Statistical Downscaling of Temperature using Stepwise Cluster Analysis Method – a Case Study in Nur Sultan, Kazakhstan
Authors: Liu Y R , Li Y P , Sun J
Published: February 2020

In this study, a stepwise cluster analysis (SCA) method is proposed to downscale three temperature variables (i.e Tmean, Tmax and Tmin) from multiple GCMs (i.e., GFDLESM2M, IPSL-CM5R-LR and NorESM1-M) in the City of Nur Sultan, the capital of Kazakhstan. The future trends of temperature projections in the study city and their changes (2075-2100) relative to the baseline period (1979-2004) have been evaluated. Some findings can be summarized: (i) the projected temperatures of Tmean, Tmax and Tmin are presented in consistent increase trends, indicating that the significant warming are likely occurred in the Nur Sultan throughout this century; (ii) the variability of projected temperature is influenced by GCMs and emission scenarios; (iii) for the monthly temperature changes, the magnitudes of monthly temperature changes in the months from November to March are higher than the months from April to October. The above findings can provide decision supports for climate adaptation strategies in the City of Nur Sultan.
Impacts of Water Resources and Carbon Mitigation Policies on Electric Power Systems under Multiple Uncertainties
Authors: Yang S. J. , Li X. , Liu J.
Published: February 2020

A bi-level multistage joint-probabilistic left-hand-side chance-constrained programming model is proposed to plan energy-water-carbon nexus systems under multiple uncertainties. The model can address randomness in constraints right- and left- hands as well as handling leader-follower problem in decision-making processes. A variety of scenarios associated with different left-hand side constraint-violation risks as well as a range of levels relate to available water, electricity demand, and carbon mitigation are examined. Results reveal that multiple uncertainties significantly affect the nexus system planning policies (energy supply, electricity generation, imported electricity, water utilization, and carbon emission). Results also disclose that local authorities would vigorously develop wind power and biomass power; available water has the greatest magnitude of the main effect upon the total cost; the interaction among the carbon mitigation and available water have obvious effect on total cost.
Ecological Network Analysis of Urban Energy Metabolism - a Case Study of Fujian Province
Authors: Yang Y. J. , Li Y. P. , Liu J. , Ding Y. K.
Published: February 2020

This study develops an energy metabolic network to reveal the urban energy system’s structural characteristics and identifying the inter-sectoral interactions based on the input-output analysis. A case study of Fujian Province, China, is conducted to illustrate the potential benefits of its use in urban energy metabolism system health diagnosis. It is found that the energy metabolic of Fujian is in the state of sub-health. The energy metabolism model of Fujian Province shows that the Ind sector directly consumes the most energy, reaching 65.7×106 tons of standard coal, but completely depends on the Tsp sector.The Tsp sector, however, consumed only 7.86×106 tonnes of standard coal directly, but it controlled all sectors.In this paper, there are only two interrelationships among the six sectors of Fujian Province, among which the exploitative relationship accounts for 87% and the competitive relationship accounts for 13%. And the Con sector benefits from the services provided by all other sectors, which is not conducive to the development of the Con sector.The results can provide scientific support to guide the improvement of urban energy metabolic system through adjusting energy structures and regulating energy strategies.
Use of adsorption for pesticides removal from drinking water sources
Authors: Biela R , Síblova D , Gottwald M
Published: February 2020

Pesticides can get in drinking water sources above all by means of agricultural activities, and they can negatively affect not only the environment but also our health. Adsorption is one of the water treatment processes used for pesticide removal from water. Our laboratory trial studying removal of pesticides from raw water used the sorption process on two selected sorbents. The laboratory experiment was performed at the Institute of Municipal Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. Charcoal was one of the sorbents, used in the form of Filtrasorb F100. The other sorbent was Bayoxide E33, selected due to its favourable results in removal of metals from water. The measured values suggest that Filtrasorb F100 reduced concentrations of most pesticides down to the lower limit of measurability. Only pesticide metazachlor ESA showed continuous increase of concentration in the course of the filtration. Bayoxide E33 was unable to remove pesticides. Most pesticides were desorbed by the material after a time, only in the case of two pesticides (atrazin-2-hydroxy and terbuthylazin-desethyl-2-hydroxy) concentrations were reduced down to the limit of measurability.
Territorial system of ecological stability in selected Czech cities
Authors: Endel S , Kuta D , Wernerova E
Published: February 2020

The territorial system of ecological stability is an integral part of spatial planning activities. The paper compares and analyses this system in selected cities of the Czech Republic and tries to identify factors that influence the overall area of the system elements. The paper compares data on territorial system of ecological stability in the administrative territory of four selected cities - Ostrava, Český Tešín, Nový Jičín, and Jihlava. These data are based on data from the Czech Statistical Office and town and country planning plans. Their example shows that the overall scope of TSES does not always depend on the nature of a consistent city environment. At the end, the link to the current issue of BIM is briefly described.
Revitalization of public space along the river Ostravice in the part of Ostrava
Authors: Helekalova K , Teichmann M
Published: February 2020

An article describes an emphasis on aesthetics and humanisation of a public field in the waterside of the river Ostravice in the city of Ostrava and its surroundings. The aim of a project „The revitalization of the river „Ostravice“ is to improve life conditions and to attract citizens and tourists to spend their free time there.
The impact of intense rainfall on a storm sewage system of the east part of Trnava city
Authors: Hrudka J , Csicsaiova R , Marko I , Stanko S , Skultetyova I
Published: February 2020

In large urbanized areas is used rainwater drainage and that has a negative impact on the functionality of the sewerage system during heavy rainfall. Pipes and objects on the sewer network are being overloaded. This causes quick floods. In our research, we are focused on the assessment of part of the sewerage of Trnava city. The collectors C and D belonging to the eastern part of the city. In our assessing we use boundary rain from ombrografic station of Trnava City.
Design of dry detention basin in the municipality of Hradec nad Svitavou
Authors: Charvat J , Macalova K , Dvorsky T , Vaclavik V , Gola L
Published: February 2020

This article deals with the flood situation in the municipality of Hradec nad Svitavou and describes the possibility of increasing the flooding protection by means of a dry detention basin, whose task is to transform the flood wave thus reducing the damage caused by the wave. This measure will increase the time required to carry out the necessary flood preparations. Dry detention basin is based on hydraulic calculations and drawings described in more details in this article.
Elimination of microbial pollution of domestic animal excrements using vermicomposting
Authors: Mudrunka J , Lyckova B , Vrublova D , Korandova B
Published: February 2020

Based on the theoretical knowledge of vermicomposting, a project was realized for the construction of a three-chamber domestic wooden vermicomposter, in which aerobic degradation of three types of animal excrements (cow, pig, dog) using the earthworm Eisenia andrei was carried out. Before laying the individual excrements to the compost batch, the appropriate input samples were taken for the microbiological examination of the biopathogens. After six months, final samples of the final substrate were taken to determine whether proper compost sanitization took place during the vermicomposting process; according to valid legislation, the bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterocococcus sp. and Salmonella sp. were identified as indicator micro-organisms. After the evaluation of the performed laboratory analyses, it was proved that the use of earthworm bioactivity resulted in elimination or at least significant reduction of the concentrations of these bacterial strains in the final vermicompost samples.
Storm water management in public areas
Authors: Proske Z , Zdarilova R
Published: February 2020

Problems of drought and maximum use of rainwater in public areas, street furniture and convenient search for users of walking routes. Address small natural elements and areas in the city that have both technical and other environmental features. They help mild manifestations of climate change and benefit the city’s.
Urban Rainwater Management Tools
Authors: Teichmann M , Kuta D , Szeligova N
Published: February 2020

The paper deals with the state of solution of rainwater management in the urbanized area. The paper describes development and basic principles of rainwater management, analysis of current state, climate change and last but not least, possible ways of rectifying and streamlining the current, nowadays inconvenient, facilities with an emphasis on their easy sustainability.
Rainwater Management in relation to Water Bodies and Flows in Urbanized Areas
Authors: Teichmann M , Helakova K , Szeligova N
Published: February 2020

The paper deals mainly with relations of water between urbanized area and public space of settlements and their mutual influence. The article defines basic parameters and specifics of watercourses and water areas with a link to the built-up area, including evaluation of the current state of watercourses and areas in settlements and their interconnection.
Neurospora sitophila in indoor environment of buildings
Authors: Vojtkova H , Simonovicova A , Cernansky S
Published: February 2020

Neurospora sitophila is a microscopic filamentous fungus of the Ascomycete taxon that rapidly expands in the environment. Although the fungus has been recorded primarily as a known laboratory contaminant, this contribution presents evidence of its frequent occurrence in indoor environment of offices at the university, especially in places where a coffee maker was part of the equipment. A total of 50 smears were made from the environment of the University of VŠB - TU Ostrava from various parts of the fixtures. It was found that spores and fragments of N. sitophila mycelia are an active part of the building air using the BIOLOG identification system. Although no direct evidence has yet been obtained that N. sitophila is the causative agent of human disease or infection, the presence of this fungus in the environment should be regarded as a risk factor for human health. Exposure to fungal spores and fragments of mycelia in the indoor environment of buildings can cause hypersensitivity known to be an influencing factor in allergic reactions and asthma.
Inhomogeneous Multilayered Beams of Linearly Changing Width: a Delamination Analysis
Authors: Rizov V
Published: February 2020

Delamination behaviour of an inhomogeneous multilayered cantilever beam of linearly changing width of the cross-section along the beam length is analyzed. The material in each layer of the beam has non-linear elastic mechanical behaviour. Besides, each layer exhibits continuous material inhomogeneity along the layer height. The solution to the strain energy release rate derived by considering the complementary strain energy is valid for beams made of arbitrary number of layers of individual thickness and material properties. In order to verify the solution, the strain energy release rate is obtained also by considering the balance of the energy.
Innovative rotary swaged Al/Cu laminated wire conductors: characterisation of structure and residual stress
Authors: Kunčická L , Kocich R
Published: February 2020

This study presents innovative, uniquely sequenced Al/Cu laminated composite wires having perspective usage for various applications, from transportation to electrotechnics. The composites were processed via the industrially applicable technology of rotary swaging, which was performed at 20 °C and 250 °C to provide the possibility to compare the effects of different swaging conditions on structure characteristics of the wires. The work-pieces were gradually swaged down to the final wire diameters of 5 mm, the total swaging degree for each swaged-piece was 3.6. After swaging, both the aluminium components of the swaged wires exhibited recrystallized ultra-fine-grained (UFG) structures with minor presence of residual stress, certain presence of stress was observed within the refined Cu structures. Microhardness measurements revealed occurring work hardening, especially for the 20 °C swaged composite.
Analysis the hydraulic fracturing in the unconventional shale reservoir based on Finite Discrete Element Method
Authors: Xue Zhenqian , Zhao Xin
Published: February 2020

Hydraulic fracturing of horizontal well is the key technology to develop unconventional resources. Simultaneous fracturing in horizontal well is the prevalent method applied in the field practice. To achieve successful and desired stimulated rock volumes and fracture networks, it is necessary to understand the influence of stress on fracture geometry. This paper proposed a 2D model to simulate the fracture propagation in simultaneous hydraulic fracture operation based on Finite Discrete Element Method (FDEM). In this model, the fracturing fluid leak-off and natural fractures are coupled. The simulation results demonstrated that the induced stress field can not only affect the fracture extended length, but also the width of fracture. The outer fractures dominate the inner fractures in growth. And the central fractures stop propagating after they reached a certain length due to the induced stress field. These simulations are meaningful for stimulation design and required spacing conditions to acquire the desired fracture lengths, proppant placement, and production rates.
Extraction of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Two Different Agriculture Waste via Chemical Treatment
Authors: Athirah Abdullah Nur , Hanif Sainorudin Muhammad , Asim Nilofar , Mohammad Masita , Huda Abd Kadir Nurul , Yaakob Zahira
Published: February 2020

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was successfully extracted from coconut husk fibre (CHF) and pineapple leaf fibres (PLF) using alkali and bleaching treatments. The extracted cellulose from the chemical treatments were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed that the extracted microcellulose from CHF and PLF using chemical treatments have high crystallinity. The thermal stability analysis of the extracted microcrystalline celluloses was investigated revealed that the CHF and PLF lose their lignin and hemicellulose during chemical treatments. Morphological investigation using SEM shows that chemical treatment could remove the layer of extractives from surface of CHF and PLF.
Effects of Bainite Isothermal Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a δ-TRIP Steel
Authors: Xin Xu , Rendong Liu , Baoyu Xu , Hongliang Yi , Guodong Wang
Published: February 2020

In this work, the microstructure, properties and retained austenite characteristics of a δ-TRIP steel containing 3.0% Al at different isothermal temperatures in the bainite region were researched by means of scanning electron microscopy, tensile test and XRD. The evolution of austenite and the effect on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the high Al element in δ-TRIP steel can effectively inhibit the precipitation of carbides in austenite and obtain more stable austenite which can lead to an excellent combination of elongation and tensile strength. When the isothermal temperature is 400 °C, the comprehensive mechanical properties are the best, the tensile strength reaches 800 MPa, and the elongation exceeds 40%.
Improving Stability of CIS/ZnS-Based White Light-Emitting Diodes by Silica Coating
Authors: Moolsarn Kawinthida , Lin Meng-Yen , Chung Shu-Ru
Published: February 2020

Cadmium-free quantum dots (QDs) have been investigated for replacement cadmium-based QDs because of highly toxicity for humans and environmental such as CuInS2/ZnS (CIS/ZnS) core/shell QDs that exhibit tunable emission wavelength and very broad emission spectrum. It often used in solid state lighting and white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). This work reports on the synthesis of CIS/ZnS core/shell QDs using dodecanethiol (DDT) and zinc stearate as a precursor to form ZnS shell. Moreover, for improving the device stability, we coated SiO2 on CIS/ZnS QDs surface. The crystal structure was analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD). The result shows that the emission wavelength of CIS/ZnS is 534 nm and with a high quantum yield (QY) of 107 %. The color rendering index (CRI), correlated color temperature (CCT) and luminous efficacy of SiO2-coated WLED are 73, 4764 K, and 95 lmW−1, respectively. Moreover, high stability of SiO2-coated WLED can be obtained. The result indicates that CIS/ZnS@SiO2 QDs have great potential to development of further WLED application.
Performance Seismic Design of the Retrofit of a University Library using Non-Conventional Methods
Authors: Chavez B , Matias C , Huaco G
Published: February 2020

This research proposes a structural retrofit of a reinforced concrete building older than 50 years. The structural system is dual using frames and walls, having an area of 1980 m2 and 4 levels with a total height of 15.50 m. There are three unconventional methods to retrofit this infrastructure. The first is to install steel jackets with bolt anchors. The second methodology is through the use of jackets and anchors of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). The third alternative is through reinforcement of walls with 2 diagonal struts made with CFRP sheets as struts, also installing CFRP anchors at each end of both struts to ensure that these sheets work up to their high levels of tension. These anchors together with the diagonal plates contribute to give ductility to the wall and in turn resist the effects of sliding at the base, a fault that is very common in rigid structures such as walls. Each unconventional reinforcement methodology used in this research is validated using laboratory tests results of reinforced columns and walls retrofitted with every of the three innovative methods. Nonlinear static analysis - Pushover of each alternative was performed and compared with the demand for the 1974 earthquake in Lima, scaling 3 seismic records to a PGA of 0.45g, which is the acceleration of design in Lima. It is shown that these proposals are effective in providing levels of shear base and displacement capacity in the inelastic design. For the 0.40mx0.80m columns, the results show that both reinforcements increase ductility by more than 10%; on the other hand, the proposal of reinforcement in the walls of 40cm thick, produced even better results increasing ductility by 100% and shear base by 100%.
Thermal Simulation and Sonoporation Experiment Based on a Focused Ultrasonic System
Authors: Liu Zihong , You Hui , Zhang Ping , Lin Ronghui , Chang Yongjia
Published: February 2020

This paper aims at analyzing ultrasonic thermal effect and sonoporation based on a focused ultrasonic experiment system. The numerical analysis, about cavitaion conditions and ultrasonic thermal effect using the coupling model of pressure acoustic and bioheat transfer, were given, in which the temperature rise trend is identical to the conclusion in the literature [2]. According to the simulation analysis of ultrasonic thermal effect, temperature rise is approximately 18.5K near the focal spot with Ultrasonic radiation for 60s, which had little effect on 293T cell viability. In the acoustic chemical experiment, 293T cell viability is about 85% at 60s of the ultrasound irradiation, which was observed by 200× fluorescence microscope. The cell states of survival and abnormal was observed and analyzed in the sonoporation experiment at 60s of ultrasonic time.