bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH STRUKTUR ASET, PROFITABILITAS, DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL
Authors: Seba Melviyana , Jonnardi Jonnardi
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of asset structure, profitability, and liquidity on the capital structure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2016-2020 period. The sample selection technique used isprobability random sampling with the type of simple random sampling. From the sample selection technique, there are 51 manufacturing companies that will be sampled in this study. Data collection was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2019 and data processing was carried out with software or the Eviews 12 program. The test results obtained in this study showed that asset structure had a negative and significant effect on capital structure, profitability had a positive and significant effect on capital structure, and liquidity. not significantly negative on the capital structure. The implication of this study is the need for good management in funding a company to get a good capital structure that will bring a good signal for investors.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Aditya Kristanto , Dewi Sofia Prima
Published: May 2024

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of profitability, leverage, liquidity, and sales growth on firm value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. In this study usingpurposive sampling method and obtained 39 samples. The data processing technique uses multiple regression analysis assisted by Eviews 10 and Microsoft Excel 2016. The results of this study indicate that profitability, liquidity, and sales growth do not have a positive effect on firm value, while leverage has a positive effect on firm value. The implication of this research is to emphasize the company's operational costs followed by increased sales growth so that profits will increase and in the eyes of investors the value of the company will be good.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR
Authors: Michellin Ivana , Wijaya Henryanto
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, firm size, asset structure and liquidity on the capital structure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2020. This study used a sample of 246 data. This study uses a sample selection technique with purposive sampling and uses Eviews 12 in processing the data. The results showed that profitability, firm size and asset structure had a positive and significant effect on capital structure. Meanwhile, liquidity has a negative and insignificant effect on capital structure. profitability, firm size, asset structure and liquidity simultaneously affect the capital structure.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE, PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN, PROFITABILITAS, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN PADA NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Wibowo William , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine whether there is an effect of leverage, sales growth, profitability and firm size on the value of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018-2020. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method and the valid data was 36 companies. The data processing technique using panel data regression analysis assisted by the Eviews 12 program. The results of this study indicate that leverage has a significant and positive effect, sales growth has no effect on firm value, profitability and firm size have a significant and negative effect on firm value. The implication of this research is the need for attention to leverage, profitability, and company size in order to increase firm value.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR
Authors: Halim Angela , Yuniarwati Yuniarwati
Published: May 2024

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of independent commissioners, audit committees, institutional ownership and managerial ownership on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018-2020. The sample selection technique in this study used purposive sampling method. The total sample used is as many as 20 selected companies for 3 years. The data in this study were processed using the SPSS version 25 program and the data source used was secondary data obtained through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) at www.idx.co.id. The results showed that the independent board of commissioners had a significant effect, while managerial ownership, institutional ownership and the audit committee had no significant effect on tax avoidance.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE & SALES GROWTH TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Azari Refina , Tjakrawala Kurniawan
Published: May 2024

The research was conducted to find out how leverage and sales growth play a role in financial distress, in the manufacturing industry listed on the IDX during the 2015-2019 period. The sample was obtained using certain criteria by purposive sampling using statistical software assistance in the form of SPSS version 21 with logistic regression analysis. Research proves that Debt asset to ratio (DAR) is able to have a significant effect on financial distress, Sales growth (SG) does not have a significant effect on financial distress. The moderating variable used is profitability, profitability proxied by return on assets (ROA) is able to significantly weaken the effect of leverage on the interest coverage ratio (ICR) and profitability is able to significantly weaken the relationship between sales growth and interest coverage ratio (ICR). The implications of this research are the need to increase the effectiveness of the company's management role in taking actions that can affect financial conditions in preventing financial difficulties.
PENGARUH CAPITAL STRUCTURE, GROWTH, SIZE, PROFITABILITY, & LIQUIDITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Ernestine Sherina , Sufiyati Sufiyati
Published: May 2024

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of capital structure, growth, size, profitability, and liquidity on firm value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2017-2020. This study used purposive sampling technique and obtained as many as 71 companies. The results of this study indicate that the capital structure proxied by DER and profitability as proxied by ROE has a positive and significant effect on firm value, size has a negative and significant effect on firm value. Growth has a positive and insignificant effect on firm value and liquidity as proxied by CR has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Natalia Delvina , Santioso Linda
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to find out what factors can increase company value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2020 period. The sample selection through purposive sampling technique and valid data as many as 73 companies. The method used in processing the data is multiple linear regression analysis which is accommodated by the Eviews (Econometric Views) Student Version Lite for Windows and Mac released 12 and Microsoft Excel 2010. The results of this study indicate that risk management and profitability have a significant influence on the value of company. The implication of this research is the need to increase the disclosure of risk management information and increase the company's profitability so that it can increase the value of the company, as well as provide a positive signal for investors.
PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSET, EARNING PER SHARE, DAN CURRENT RATIO TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM
Authors: Dammyanti Sintia , Tjakrawala F.X. Kurniawan
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine and analyze the effect of return in assets, earnings per share and current ratio on stock prices in manufacturing industries that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2015 to 2019. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method after being calculated by the slofin method. The data that has been obtained by researchers and valid to be studied are 40 companies. The researcher uses data processing techniques using regression analysis assisted by the IBM SPSS version 23 program. The results obtained by this study indicate that return on assets and earnings per share have a significant effect on stock prices and the current ratio has no significant effect on stock prices. However, when it is examined again that return on assets, earnings per share and current ratio have a positive influence on stock prices. This makes investors look more at the return on assets and earnings per share which can increase stock prices than the current ratio. For further research, moderating variables can be added so that the results will be more varied than others.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Denisha Michelle , Widyasari Widyasari
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of total asset turn over, investment opportunity set, liquidity, and profitability on dividend policy using profitability as moderating variable. The research is based on documentation of the basic industry and chemicals listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2020. The research    finds that total asset turn over has a positive and significant effect on dividend policy,  investment opportunity set has a negative and insignificant effect on dividend policy, liquidity has a negative and insignificant effect on dividend policy, profitability has a positive and significant effect on dividend policy, profitability is able to moderate  the influence  of  total asset turn over on dividend policy while profitability is not able to moderate the influence of investment opportunity set and liquidity on dividend policy.
Negative thermal expansion of β-Rb2SO4
Authors: Shablinskii A. P. , Demina S. V. , Bubnova R. S. , Filatov S. K.
Published: May 2024

Research subject. The low-temperature modification of β-Rb2SO4 sulfate (Pmcn). Aim. Low-temperature study of the thermal expansion of β-Rb2SO4 by high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction in comparison with the crystal structure, as well as interpretation of the anisotropy of β-Rb2SO4 thermal expansion. Materials and Method. Powder X-ray diffraction and high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction. Results. The thermal expansion of β-Rb2SO4 sulfate was studied for the first time using low-temperature powder thermal X-ray diffraction in comparison with the crystal structure. The phase composition was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal expansion of β-Rb2SO4 is practically isotropic. Across the temperature range from –177 to –140°C, the sulfate experiences negative thermal expansion. A further increase in temperature leads to a change in its thermal expansion, which becomes positive. It is proposed to consider the crystal structure of β-Rb2SO4 sulfate as a mixed framework of [RbSO4]–1, which, in turn, consists of fundamental building units (microblocks) of Rb(SO4)6. Across the temperature range from room temperature to –100°C, the maximum expansion of β-Rb2SO4 sulfate occurs along the a axis. The minimum thermal expansion is observed along the c-axis, along the columns consisting of microblocks (αa = 65.4(3)∙10–6°C–1, αb = 59.7(2)∙10–6°C–1, αc = 58.6(2)∙10–6°C–1 at +25°C). In the temperature range from –177 to –140°C, thermal expansion is negative in all three directions (αa = –10.3(3)∙10–6°C–1, αb = –8.6(2)∙10–6°C–1, αc = –9.7(2)∙10–6°C–1 at –170°C). Conclusion. The thermal expansion of β-Rb2SO4 sulfate in the low-temperature range (from –177 to –25°C) was studied for the first time, its structural interpretation was performed. A comparison was given with the thermal expansion of isostructural β-K2SO4.
Refinement of the crystal structure of christofschäferite-(Ce) and the modular aspect of the chevkinite polysomatic series with the general formula of {A4B(T2O7)2}{C2D2O8}m (m = 1, 2)
Authors: Aksenov S. M. , Zarubina E. S. , Rastsvetaeva R. K. , Chukanov N. V. , Filina M. I.
Published: May 2024

Research subject. The crystal structure of christofschäferite-(Ce) was previously refined in terms of theP21/mlow-symmetrical space group, which allowed the local features of cationic arrangements to be determined. In this work, we set out to reﬁne the crystal structure of christofschäferite-(Ce) in terms of theP21/ahigh-symmetrical space group based on the previously collected diﬀraction data. A topology-symmetrical analysis of the members of the chevkinite group with the general formula ofA4BC2D2(Si2O7)2O8was conducted.Materials and methods. A magmatic rock sample with christofschäferite-(Ce) inclusions was found in the vicinity of the Laacher See volcano, near Mendig, Eifel Mountains, Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany. The crystal structure was studied using single-crystal X-ray analysis.Results. Despite an increase in the symmetry to theP21/aspace group (in comparison with the previous data with theP21/mspace group), the main patterns of cation distribution between the octahedral and tetrahedral sites are preserved. However, due to the lover number of cationic sites, this distribution becomes more disordered. Based on a crystal chemical analysis of the crystal structures of natural and synthetic members of the chevkinite group in the framework of the OD theory, it is possible to combine them into a united OD family with the same OD groupoid.Conclusions. According to the OD theory, there are two structural OD-subgroups of the chevkinite group (chevkinite and perrierite). The crystal structure and symmetry of possible MDO-polytypes are predicted.
Conducting the energy analysis as a component of the energy management system of higher education institutions
Authors: Nosachenko M. P. , Kovalenko S. M. , Zborovska T. V.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To conduct the energy analysis of a higher education institution and form proposals for improving the energy management system in the context of using electricity and heat energy on the basis of a higher education institution (HEI).
Materials and methods. Informational, retrospective, based on the study of scientific literature, materials of Internet resources and own conclusions were used.
Results. One of the important elements of the organization’s energy management system is the collection of energy information and conducting the energy analysis. The collection of energy information and energy analysis of HEI, which forms the basis of the implemented energy management system, have been carried out. All sources of HEI energy to form the system of energy consumption of HEI have been determined and quantified. Data on costs and consumption of electricity and heat energy have been analyzed; it has allowed determining positive trends in energy consumption in HEI. Low-cost and medium-cost measures to preserve fuel and energy resources of HEI have been proposed within the framework of the implemented energy management system.
Conclusions. The collection of energy information and energy analysis of HEI, which forms the basis of the implemented energy management system, have been carried out. All sources of HEI energy to form the system of energy consumption of HEI have been determined and quantified. A number of effective measures have been proposed to improve the energy management system of HEI in the context of using electricity and heat energy.
The study of the state of pharmaceutical care for patients with dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in Ukraine
Authors: Fedotova M. S. , Panfilova H. L.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To conduct the study of the state of pharmaceutical care for patients with dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in Ukraine.
Materials and methods. Historical, graphic, systematic, logical, mathematical and statistical research methods were used. The analysis of the structure of drug consumption by cost indicators and the number of drugs according to the INN was carried out using an integrated ABC/VEN-analysis, which was based on the distribution of drugs using the formal and expert approach to assessing their clinical value in the treatment of patients.
Results. According to the data of the VEN-analysis using the formal approach (availability of drugs in the relevant regulatory framework), drugs with V status had the lowest consumption volumes (0.4 %) in contrast to the data we obtained when using an expert approach in the distribution of drugs (33.7 %). It was found that in the VEN-analysis (formal approach) the lion’s share in the structure of consumption accounted for drugs from group N – 80.9 %, and according to the data of the expert distribution of drugs, it was equal to 57.7 %. According to the integrated ABC/VEN analysis of drug consumption using the formal approach to assessing the pharmacotherapeutic significance of drugs, it was determined that there were no drugs with A/V status in the treatment of patients. The share of drugs with A/N status was 62.3 %. In turn, according to similar studies in which the expert approach was used, drugs with A/V status accounted for 30.5 % of the total consumption, and A/N was 47.1 %. In the case of using the formal approach, only 16 drugs (12.9 %) were assigned to the first category (vitally important, requiring control), and taking into account the opinion of experts on this issue – 23 (18.5 %) drugs. Category III of drugs (unimportant, not requiring control) included 78 (formal approach) and 48 (expert approach) drugs. In the structure of the total consumption, drugs of category I (formal approach in the VEN analysis) accounted for 80.4 %, and using the expert approach – 83.2 %; in category II, similar indicators were 14.7 % and 14.2 %, and in category III – 4.9 % and 2.6 %, respectively.
Conclusions. In the conditions of the inconsistency of the requirements of the national regulatory and legal framework, which regulates the pharmaceutical care with a modern vision of organizing the treatment process of patients with dementia, the issue of strengthening the cooperation between clinical pharmacists and doctors, as well as the active implementation of the results of clinical and economic studies in practical healthcare is relevant.
Short Communication of the Article Entitled “Slow Digestible Starch in Native Pea Starch (Pisum sativum L.) Lowers Glycemic Response with No Adverse Effects on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Adults
Authors:   Nutrition and Health R&D senior expert, Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France, Wils Daniel
Published: May 2024

The number of diabetics and overweight people is increasing significantly year after year [1]. It seems difficult to counteract the situation. Fatty, salty, sugary, ultra-processed foods are highly appreciated by consumers and their negative health effects seem to be denied. Most consumers express the need for pleasure in their diet
Effects of Practicing Baduanjin on Cognitive Function and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution for Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors:   Kyoto Koka Women’s University, Japan, He Ziqiu , Wu Xiaoyu ,   Kyoto Koka Women’s University, Japan, Akiguchi Ichiro ,   Kyoto Clinical and Translational Research Center for Neurocognitive Disorders, Japan, Kawasaki Teruaki ,   Kyoto Clinical and Translational Research Center for Neurocognitive Disorders, Japan, Hosokawa Masanori ,   Kyoto Koka Women’s University, Japan
Published: May 2024

This study investigated changes in cognitive function and Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution (TCMC) over 3 months among 30 individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The participants were divided into an intervention group practicing Baduanjin and a control group. Before the intervention, biased constitution was more prevalent than balanced constitution, with a notable prevalence of yang-deficiency constitution (40.7%), blood stasis constitution (33.3%), and yin-deficiency constitution (29.6%)
The Extracts of Evodiae Fructus and Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix Show Synergy in Blocking the Entry of SARS-CoV-2
Authors:   Center For Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Tsim Karl Wah-Keung
Published: May 2024

Given the fact that herbal extracts have been effectively used in clinical applications and have well-established safety records, our current findings suggest that these drug combinations might be considered as potential anti-COVID-19 treatments.
Male and Female Circumcision or Genital Mutilation in Men and Women
Authors:   Centro de Prevención y Tratamiento de la Violencia Sexual e Intrafamiliar, Mexico, Cuevas-Sosa Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Circumcision is the surgical removal of a large section of the male genitalia or the cutting, usually non-surgical, of a large section of the female genitalia. Male and female circumcision implies aggression to the genitals of minors of both sexes, whether due to tradition, social pressures, religious prejudices or business, causing unnecessary damage to the organism of children such as intense pain, fear, bleeding, infection, deformations, sexual dysfunctions, infertility, necrosis, shock, gangrene or death. This vicious cycle must stop worldwide
The Effect of Self-Myofascial Release Method on the Suboccipital Muscle Group in the Treatment of Cervicogenic Headache
Authors:   School Of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Kwok Tang Mo
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of the Self-Myofascial Release Method (SMFR) on the suboccipital muscle group in the improvement of cervicogenic headache. Additionally, the study aims to compare the therapeutic mechanism of Self-fascial Release and acupuncture in the treatment of cervicogenic headache
Entre la necesidad del juicio de sustitución constitucional y su abuso por parte de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia
Authors: Gordillo de la Espriella David Eduardo
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo pretende hacer un breve acercamiento a la función de la Corte Constitucional al decidir sobre las demandas de inconstitucionalidad contra los actos reformatorios de la carta política, que hasta el año 2003 sólo se hacía por vicios de procedimiento en la formación del acto que la reforma, ampliando esta interpretación con el llamado “juicio de sustitución”. Con lo anterior, la alta corporación empezó a revisar el ejercicio de la competencia que ejerce el Congreso de la República, debido a que el constituyente secundario no puede sustituir, derogar, suprimir o remplazar la carta política, doctrina que ha sido desarrollada en la jurisprudencia constitucional hasta la fecha. Sin embargo, con la sentencia C-285 de 2016, la Corte Constitucional en atención a dicha facultad, desbordó sus funciones al redactar el artículo 254 superior, abusando así del llamado juicio de sustitución constitucional, quebrantando los principios de auto restricción judicial, separación de poderes y el artículo 121 de la Constitución, en donde ninguna autoridad del Estado podrá ejercer funciones distintas a las atribuidas por la Constitución y la Ley. Si bien, la revisión de la competencia del Congreso de la República de reformar la carta política puede resultar necesaria, esta puede caer en abusos.
Inventory and Potential of Natural Enemies ( Predators and Parasitoids ) as Pest Controller in Lemon Crops in Langkat, North Sumatera
Authors: Kurniawan Endi , Zuliyanti Siregar Ameilia
Published: May 2024

Lemons are plant horticulture fruits which kind of oranges are also known as designation citrus. The fruit shaped as a round oval, colored yellow bright, and tasteful sour or a little sweet. Other roles of insects in nature besides insect potential herbivores (phytophagous) pests, that is, as predators and parasitoids. The study aims to identify types and diversity of enemy potential natural (predators and parasitoids). as controller pests on lemon plants. The study carried out on land lemons in Namo Terasi village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency. Identification insects was done in Laboratory Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara which held on month, March until June 2023. This study uses a purposive sampling method with 5 types, such as yellow sticky trap, red trap, black trap, blue ball trap, and net trap. Total insects identified on the lemon’s vegetation (Citrus lemon) consist of 10 Orders, 38 Families and 49 Genera, and 2308 individuals. The highest population recorded from Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as many as 481 individuals. The highest of Density and Relative Density from family Braconidae (D=481, RD=21.02%), whereas the lowest of Mantidae Family (D= 3, RD=0.13%). Total population were 10 types of predatory insects family, 4 types of parasitoids,16 types of herbivores and 5 types of pollinators, and 3 types of decomposers.
Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Azrizal-Wahid Noor , Mohd Noor Nurinatasya , Mamat Noorhidayah , Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin Nur
Published: May 2024

The genus Graphium within the family Papilionidae comprises several species that exhibit morphological resemblance. Due to this criterion, their identification and discrimination through morphology is notably challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed a length-based morphometric approach to reveal the ability of the characters to discriminate the five Graphium species that demonstrates the morphological resemblance; Graphium sarpedon, Graphium bathycles, Graphium doson, Graphium eurypylus, and Graphium evemon. The morphometric measurement of the total of 50 specimens was carried out by using seven characters measured from the wing and body regions. Multivariate statistical analyses such as Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were utilized to assess the discriminatory ability of the morphometric data. While comparing between species, all morphometric characters were significantly different (p < 0.05). The results of DFA showed that two out of seven characters utilized have the lowest values of Partial’s Wilks Lambda; body length (1.165), and forewing length (1.183), therefore are suggested as the two most significant characters for the discrimination of the Graphium species. There are great overlapping patterns between the five species when plotting a scatter plot graph except for G. bathycles that formed nearly distinct group. In Cluster Analysis, G. sarpedon tends to be closer to G. evemon by having the lowest value of agglomeration (0.061). Our findings underscore the potential of length-based morphometric analysis as a supporting quantitative tool for resolving taxonomic ambiguities and enhancing species identification particularly within complex genera such as Graphium.
La traducción en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera
Authors: Rodriguez Camacho Emma
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Comentarios a la sociolingüística de Peter Trudgill (Reseña)
Authors: Caicedo Maximiliano
Published: May 2024

Resumen
La naturaleza de los números: una introducción. Su origen y evolución
Authors: Porras Ferreira José William , Roldán Charria Jairo
Published: May 2024

La aritmética y el lenguaje son dos de las áreas fundamentales necesarias para enfrentarnos al mundo. Las reglas y los conceptos aritméticos llegan con la educación a formar parte del equipaje conceptual del ser humano en su proceso de entender la realidad. El lector que se tiene en mente conoce entonces la aritmética y la sabe utilizar, pero no necesariamente ha hecho una reflexión sobre ella. Le sucede con la aritmética lo mismo que con el lenguaje y sus reglas: las tiene en la mente como algo intuitivo —y quizás inconsciente— que maneja de manera suficiente para la comunicación, pero sin haber sometido ese lenguaje y sus reglas a un análisis con alguna profundidad. La aritmética surge de necesidades prácticas del ser humano en un proceso que tomó miles de años. El lector al que se dirige el libro quizás no ha tenido la ocasión de percatarse plenamente de que detrás de las operaciones del cálculo aritmético se esconde una estructura que al ser humano le tomó miles de años descubrir. El libro pretende mostrarle de manera sencilla la fascinante historia de cómo el ser humano llegó al concepto de número, y cuál es la naturaleza profunda de ese concepto y de la ciencia de los números. Algunos docentes interesados en la didáctica de la aritmética podrían también utilizar el libro en diferentes cursos a fin de que los estudiantes adquieran una visión del desarrollo de las matemáticas. El libro podría entonces usarse en instituciones de formación básica y media.
مفهوم المكلِّف – الله - عند أبي حامد الغزالي(ت:505ه) في نظريته للتكليف العقدي دراسـة وصفية تحليلية
Authors: رشيد أيوب سليمان , قادر مهدي أحمد
Published: May 2024

هذا البحث ملخص لأطروحة الدكتوراه الموسومة ب:(نظرية التكليف العقدي عند أبي حامد الغزالي المتوفى (505ه) ) دراسـة وصفية تحليلية، يظهر خلال هذا البحث أن عقيدة الغزالي كانت قائمة على إجلال الله تعالى وكماله، وتعظيم أمره ونهيه، وكما بني على تنزيه الله تعالى عما لا يليق به سبحانه وتعالى عن صفات المخلوقين، إلاّ أن الغزالي في آيات الصفات ذهب إلى ما ذهب إليه شيخه أبو الحسن الأشعري، من حيث أنه أثبت من الصفات المعاني السبعة، ويسكت عما عداها أو يؤول أحياناً، معتقداً أنه مذهب السلف، بل كان أئمةً من أبرز أئمة الأشاعرة، وأكثرهم محاربة للأفكار المضلّة والهدامة، وألف في مذهبه العقيدة كتب عدة منها المقصد الأسنى في شرح الأسماء الحسنى، وقواعد العقائد، الاقتصاد في الاعتقاد، وإلجام العوام في علم الكلام، وفي هذه الرسالة يظهر أن عقيدة الغزالي في معرفة ذات الله تعالى وصفاته أنها بنيت على أصول، وهي العلم بوجود الله تعالى، وقدمه، وبقائه، وأنه ليس بجوهر، ولا جسم، ولا عرض، وأنه سبحانه ليس مختصاً بجهة، ولا مستقراً على مكان، وأنه يرى، وأنه واحد، وهو العلم بكونه حياً، عالماً، قادراً، مريداً، سميعاً، بصيراً، متكلماً، منزهاً عن حلول الحوادث، وأنه قديم الكلام، والعلم، والإرادة، وأن هذه الصفات زائدة على الذات وقديمة وقائمة بالذات ولا يجوز أن يكون شيء من الصفات حادثاً.
Errors Made by Iraqi EFL Learners in the Use of Articles : An Error Analysis Study
Authors: Mohammed Maree Rasha Fatik , Alahmed Khalid Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

The current study seeks to identify the article errors for both first and third year students in conversations. To achieve this the aim, interview and spot the differences tasks are used as a source for data collection. The study targeted 60 samples in the Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Mosul, for the academic year 2021-2022. Participants are chosen randomly from the students. As for data analysis, errors are described according to Corder's (1973) classification viz omission, addition, misordering, and selection. The current study demonstrated that learners of English as a foreign language face some difficulties in using articles in conversations. Regarding the description of errors, first year students made 65% of the errors related to the omission category, while 31% of the errors were related to addition category. Errors related to selection category occupy only 4% of article errors. As far as third year students, it has been noticed that 60% of article errors related to omission category , it represents the highest percentage among other categories. Errors associated with addition category have the percentage of 38% , while 2% of these errors are represented by choosing inappropriate items. No errors have been noticed for two levels at the level of article ordering. Regarding sources of errors, both interlanguage and intralanguage were seen as sources of article errors.
Exploring the Importance of Contextual Factors in Translating Islamophobia Caricatures
Authors: Mohammed Maha Bakir , Abduljabbar Hiba Saad
Published: May 2024

This study sheds light on the role of the contextual factors in rendering the islamophobia caricatures to identify which of these factors is highly effective. The study aims at examining the importance of the speech events of the caricatures in question by the virtue of Hymes’ classification of contextual factors. It also aims at identifying which translation strategy is highly used by the translators in rendering the islamophobia caricatures. Consequently, the current study hypothesizes that ‘participants’ is the most effective factor that may affect the translation process. It also hypothesizes that the translation of this type of caricature is communicatively oriented. Eventually, the study draws two main conclusions that are: (1) identifying both addressors and addressees in the caricatures helps the translators reach the exact meaning of the caricaturists, and (2) the communicative strategy of free procedure has been adopted by the majority of translators.
Info Technology and Mental Health: A Study of Jonathan Franzen's Purity in the Scope of Berardi’s Theory
Authors: Fadhel Leqaa Saeed , Rasheed Lamiaa Ahmed
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary era, information technology and mental health are complexly intertwined and the capitalist system plays a significant role in shaping this relationship. The current study argues that most mental diseases like depression, insomnia, schizophrenia, and other diseases of the contemporary era are occurring as a result of being exposed to a huge amount of information technologies. The main aim of this study is to explore and argue that these mental diseases are not a biological state but it comes as a reaction of the mind against the accumulation and acceleration of information in people's minds. The paper uses the observations and opinions of the Italian communist philosopher Franco Berardi to understand the significance of such figurations in Jonathan Franzen's Purity and it will reflect the idea that developing an understanding of how the capitalist system is blamed for these mental diseases by exposing people to an unlimited amount of information that the human mind is unable to access or deal with. Focusing on a depressed woman who is mentally exhausted as a result of the pressure of the new life and wants to change it, Purity uncovers the evils at the heart of our contemporary information technology society.
THE TRANSLATION OF APORIA IN ENGLISH LITERARY TEXTS INTO ARABIC
Authors: Abdullah Inaam Fathi , Najim Hala Khalid
Published: May 2024

Aporia is a rhetorical device that expresses a specific paradox through which the writer feels uncertain about something as a way of proving a point. It is expressed differently in every language by using specific tools. Therefore, problems are raised by translating this term into a different language. In addition, it is problematic in translation because English uses certain means for expressing aporia, while Arabic adopts others. Consequently, this paper aims at giving a comprehensive study of English and Arabic Aporia in order to detect the correct ways of translation. It also aims to explain if aporia exists in Arabic text just like English, and if it is explicitly expressed in Arabic text. It also aims to investigate the challenges and difficulties that obstruct the process of translation dealt with such types of sentences. The study hypothesizes that aporia can be differently realized in Arabic. It also hypothesizes that semantic translation is highly adopted in translating aporia into Arabic.
       Three texts are chosen from English literary books and given to five M.A. students of Translation Department, College of Arts, University of Mosul. The model adopted in this paper is Newmark’s (1982&1988) with two types of translation involving semantic and communicative. The paper concludes that aporia is realized by using different structures. In addition, the translators adopt the semantic translation rather than the communicative one. Finally, the paper ends up with some recommendations and suggestions for further studies.
The Appropriate Age for Learning the Second Language in The Educational Process
Authors: Kareem Rizgar Esmail , Farhadi Sajida Abdullah
Published: May 2024

Second Language is the language the learner learns at an older age, i.e.; after the first language. The source of that language can be school, home, society, etc. However, learning this language (second language) should not be based on the mother tongue (which is called language transfer), because the mother tongue is an effective source of interference to Learning the second language.
Therefore, learning the second language is a process that an individual learns at an older age. From this perspective, what is discussed here is the determination of the age level of second language learning in the educational process. This study seeks to answer the question “what is the appropriate age for children to learn the second language in their learning stage?”. In light of this question, the study discusses the consequences and dimensions of age-related second language learning in the educational process according to the descriptive-analytical approach. The study consists of three chapters. The first chapter is the methodology of the study. While, the second chapter is dedicated for introducing and explaining the terms. The third chapter discusses the determination and type of age level of second language learning by children. Finally, the study reached several important conclusions, with reference to the used sources.
A Postmodern Eco-Critical Study of Identity Crisis in "The Winter of Our Discontent"
Authors: Abdullah Almaaroof Ansam Riyadh , Madhi Fatma Dhafir
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the theme of identity crisis in John Steinbeck's novel "The Winter of Our Discontent" through the lens of ecocriticism theory. The novel is set in the postmodern era and explores the moral decay of American society, particularly the loss of traditional values and the rise of materialism. Through the analysis of the novel, this paper explores the relationship between human identity and the natural world and how the destruction of the environment can lead to a crisis of identity. It starts with theoretical background, introduction, theory, discussion and analysis and ends with a conclusion.
Structural Deviation in the poetical language of Jalal Malaksha
Authors: Khasraw Salam sharef , Salaih Sarwar sadulla
Published: May 2024

The abstract of this research presents the structural deviation in the poetical language of Jalal Malaksha and analyze his poetical texts. Deviation is deviate of the rules of the language, but it does not mean that there is not any boundary for this deviation. Leech created a boundary between deviation and additional rules when he describes deviation. He believes that deviation is possible when the communication and expression is conceivable and the embodiment is acceptable to be expressed. Jala Malaksha attempted to write in a meaningful and effective way, in all his texts, structural deviation in the three levels of (phonology, morphology and syntax) is perceived, which each of them illustrated in a differ way. For example, phonological deviation in the bases of some texts that is a deletion of phoneme which the necessity of the texts is needed and the poet needs to embody it. Furthermore, Jalal Malaksha to establish invented texts and make a role on the reader, he applied language deviation in the level of word. So, he applied many deviations in the level of sentence such as (delete language elements and move the language elements)
in the bases of some poetical texts, he could apply new and invented technique in the poetical texts.
Metaphor of Shame in Chinese and Russian
Authors: HUANG YIFAN
Published: May 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of metaphors reflecting the emotion of shame in Russian and Chinese. The methods of conceptual analysis, comparative analysis, metaphorical modeling and corpus research of metaphorical units are used on the material of the Chinese BCC and CCL buildings and the Russian NKRJ corps. The aim of the work is to study the emotional metaphors of shame in Russian and Chinese and to identify similarities and differences in the conceptualization of shame in the two linguistic cultures. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of cognitive metaphors by J. Lakoff. According to this theory, the metaphors of shame in Russian and Chinese were divided into five types: physical, natural, ontological, behavioral and sensory. As a result of the study, it turned out that in different cultures there are similarities in the use of metaphors to express shame, which may indicate a universal biological basis for this emotion.  However, trends and differences in cognitive processes lead to significant differences between Russians and Chinese in how metaphors are used to express shame. The study of shame metaphors in Russian and Chinese is an important topic for comparative analysis of linguistic features, which contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural characteristics and emotional manifestations in various cultural contexts. As a result of the study, it turned out that in different cultures there are similarities in the use of metaphors to express shame, which may indicate a universal biological basis for this emotion. However, trends and differences in cognitive processes lead to significant differences between Russians and Chinese in how metaphors are used to express shame. The study of shame metaphors in Russian and Chinese is an important topic for comparative analysis of linguistic features, which contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural characteristics and emotional manifestations in various cultural contexts.
FEATURES OF ION DYNAMICS IN LINEAR QUADRUPOLE TRAP WITH END-CAP ELECTRODES
Authors:   IR&EC PhysNano, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Rudyi S. S. , Shcherbinin D. P. ,   IR&EC PhysNano, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Ivanov A. V. ,   IR&EC PhysNano, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: May 2024

In this paper we consider the features of ion trapping in a linear quadrupole Paul trap with circular end-cap electrodes. The quasi-periodic and chaotic regimes of the ion dynamics in the conservative case are shown. The conditions for the transition from the quasi-periodic to the chaotic regime are determined. We present a numerical simulation of the ion dynamics and describe the splitting of the localization region as a function of the ratio of the voltage components on the power and end-cap electrodes.
OPTIMIZATION OF EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT OPERATION DURING PIPELINE SECTION OPENING
Authors:   ", Turybrin A. Yu. ,   Transneft Supervision",   OP ",   Omsk USK,",   Omsk, Russia, Bubnov A. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: May 2024

In order to determine the method of optimizing earthworks when opening pipeline sections for repair work aimed at reducing the volume of manual labor and reducing the time for work, the author considered the promising design of the equipment of a single-bucket excavator for local pipeline backfilling, which is carried out after opening the side trenches and considered the method of work using a single-bucket excavator equipped with a modernized bucket. The efficiency and economic feasibility of using the proposed technical solution were calculated with the calculation of the cost of performing work on the opening of a section with a length of 10 m of the pipeline, the obtained cost was compared with the cost of performing work on opening and breaking the section using classical methods.
CHARGED PARTICLES BISTABILITY CONTROL IN SURFACE ION TRAPS
Authors:   IR&EC PhysNano, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Shcherbinin D. P. , Rudyi S. S. ,   IR&EC PhysNano, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Rybin V. V. ,   IR&EC PhysNano, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Ivanov A. V. ,   IR&EC PhysNano, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: May 2024

In the present work, we numerically simulate the dynamics of porous charged microparticles localized in surface radio-frequency trap under atmospheric conditions, taking into account laser irradiation. The dynamic system transition from bistability to states characterized by either one or three stable equilibrium points is revealed. The number of stable equilibrium points and their spatial position appear to depend on the magnitude of the particle gravity and optical pressure. The phase portraits of the particle trajectories are calculated for the each dynamic system state. The obtained results are generalized and discussed from a practical point of view
OUTCOMES OF ENERGY-SAVING REGULATION OF THERMAL ENERGY ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOMSK AND BUDENNOVSK
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Stukach O. V. , Zorin P. A. ,   Service Center, Tomsk, Russia, Fedorov N. G. ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2024

Consumption of heat in residential buildings is quite expensive, so the subject of efficient use of thermal energy and saving one does not lose urgency for all Russian regions. Using the example of studying the dynamics of heat thermal energy in efficient multi-storey buildings in Tomsk and Budennovsk, the need for the early introduction of energy-saving events is shown. It is necessary to strengthen activity in the field of autoregulation of heat supply, since it provides the greatest energy savings compared to thermal protection due to the increasing needs and the large price for thermal energy in the field of household and municipal service.
FREQUENCY METHOD OF REGULATING THE SPEED OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR AS A SIMULATOR OF A WIND WHEEL OF A WIND POWER GENERATOR
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Tatevosyan A. S. , Tatevosyan A. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Zakharova N.V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: May 2024

The article conducts a study of the developed prototype of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based on simulation modeling and experimental tests. To conduct experimental studies, a test stand has been developed with the ability to regulate the rotation speed of the PMSG rotor up to 500 rpm. The prototype is a three-phase synchronous machine, the stator magnetic system is based on the stator magnetic system of an asynchronous electric machine
USING SYSTEM ANALYSIS TO OPTIMIZE BIG DATA PROCESSING
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Forest Engineering University named after S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Afanasev A. P. , Kolmogorova S. S. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Forest Engineering University named after S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,   Petersburg State Electrotechnical University named after V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin) (LETI), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: May 2024

Modern information technologies have made changes in the way data is collected, stored and processed. As a result, there is an urgent problem of developing and applying new methods of approaches to data analysis. For the convenience of working with big data, a large number of frameworks and distributed data warehouses have been implemented. One of the well-known methods to support the execution of largescale distributed application programs is MapReduce. The article presents an overview of modern technologies used in the field of big data processing, market analysis, as well as a comparison of modern analytical database management systems.