bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of an inflated and extended fiber-reinforced membrane with different natural configurations of its constituents
Authors: Asghari Hadi , Topol Heiko , Lacalle Jesús , Merodio José
Published: August 2024

In this article, we apply sensitivity analysis (SA) to study the pressure–inflation relation and axial force in a pressurized and extended cylindrical tube. The material consists of an isotropic ground substance that is reinforced in the azimuthal direction with one family of fibers which are taken to be dispersed about that (mean) direction. The natural configuration of the fibers may differ from that of the ground substance, either because the fibers are pre-stretched or because the bonding between the fibers and the ground substance is considered to be imperfect. The axial stretch of the cylindrical membrane is given by a constant value. The input parameters data of the mechanical system, namely, the azimuthal stretch of the cylinder, the fiber dispersion, and the fiber natural configurations, are assumed to be distributed according to three probability distribution functions. In the sensitivity analysis, we apply the Sobol method as well as the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) method to determine the way in which variations of the input parameters affect the required inflation pressure and corresponding axial force (output variables). The implementation of the Sobol and FAST methods allows us to account for the interplay of different parameters as well as to identify the most influential parameters in both the pressure–inflation relation and the axial force. The analysis singles out all these aspects showing a rich variety of results.
Demonstratives in heritage Greek, Russian, and Turkish in Germany and the United States
Authors: Martynova Maria , Özsoy Onur , Rizou Vasiliki , Szucsich Luka , Gagarina Natalia , Alexiadou Artemis
Published: August 2024

Aims and Objectives:

This study investigates the use of definite noun phrases involving demonstratives in adolescent and adult monolingually raised and heritage speakers of Greek, Russian, and Turkish with the following research questions: (1) Do heritage speakers of Greek, Russian, and Turkish align with monolingually raised speakers regarding the production of demonstratives? and (2) Do mode and register affect the use of demonstratives?

Methodology:

We conducted a corpus study on production data of heritage speakers of Greek, Russian, and Turkish residing in the United States and Germany and the respective monolingually raised speakers in Greece, Russia, and Turkey. The majority languages of the heritage speakers were German or English, respectively. Data were elicited in two distinct registers (formal vs informal) and in two distinct modes (spoken vs written). Participants were asked to narrate what happened in a short video showing a fictional minor car accident.

Analysis:

Oral and written narrations were annotated and analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects regression modeling on the use of demonstratives by heritage and monolingually raised speakers accounting for individual variation, country of elicitation, mode, and register.

Findings:

The results show that heritage and monolingually raised speakers of Greek, Russian, and Turkish converge in their use of demonstratives. Also, mode and/or register significantly affect the production of definite noun phrases with demonstratives across all speaker groups.

Originality:

This is the first cross-linguistically comparable large-scale corpus study with ecologically valid production data of definite noun phrases with demonstratives in bilinguals.

Significance:

The study contributes to understanding the use of demonstratives in heritage and monolingual Greek, Russian, and Turkish. It provides insights into the use of demonstratives in languages with different determiner systems and the impact of mode and/or register, which seems to be pronounced roughly similarly across these languages.
The impact of standard Wiener process on the optical solutions of the stochastic nonlinear Kodama equation using two different methods
Authors: Algolam Mohamed S. , Ahmed Athar I. , Alshammary Hijyah M. , Mansour Fatma E. , Mohammed Wael W.
Published: August 2024

The stochastic nonlinear Kodama (SNLK) equation forced in the Stratonovich sense by multiplicative noise is considered here. New elliptic, hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational stochastic solutions are acquired using ( G′/ G)-expansion method and mapping method. Because the SNLK equation is extensively used in is extensively used in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics, the obtained solutions may be used to study a broad range of relevant physical phenomena. In order to interpret the effects of multiplicative noise, the dynamic performances of the various obtained solutions are displayed utilizing 3D and 2D graphs. We infer that multiplicative noise impacts and stabilizes the solutions of SNLK equation.
Characterization of an additively manufactured coating using an upsetting test with miniaturized cylindrical specimen
Authors: März Raphaela , Hetz Peter , Bartels Dominic , Schmidt Michael , Merklein Marion
Published: August 2024

In order to reduce CO2 emissions in production industry, the combination of several manufacturing processes is coming to the fore. One example is the combination of metal additive manufacturing with the forming technology, whereby the advantages of both process technologies can be used. The process combination can be applied to produce hybrid barrel sleeves, for example. Using a laser-based directed energy deposition (DED-LB/M), a circular coating is first applied to a blank, which is then deep-drawn in a second step. The additive layer serves as a wear-resistant coating. One way to increase process understanding for this process combination is numerical simulation. An important part of setting up the simulation model is characterizing the material in terms of its mechanical behavior. In order to avoid long building times, small sample geometries are suitable for characterizing the additive material. In the context of the paper, the upsetting test is therefore carried out with miniaturized specimens, whereby not only the base material Bainidur AM but also the addition of tungsten carbide microparticles and carbon nanoparticles is investigated. The in-situ modification of the material significantly increases the yield strength, but at the same time reduces the ductility. The microhardness of the material is also increased by the addition of carbon or tungsten carbide.
Selection of reference data significantly influences biological maturity timing classification in national youth soccer players
Authors: Sweeney Liam , MacNamara Áine , Taylor Jamie , Lundberg Tommy R
Published: August 2024

This study investigated biological maturity timing (BMT) in 116 Irish U13 and 958 Swedish U15 male national soccer players using various growth reference datasets. BMT was expressed as a Z-score comparing each player's percentage of predicted adult height (%PAH) to age-specific means and standard deviations reported in the: Berkeley Growth Longitudinal (US), UK 1990 growth reference (UK), and Swedish 2000s growth reference (SWE) studies. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare BMT classification (Early, On-time, Late) between datasets. One-sampled means t-tests were used to examine BMT-related maturity biases per cohort and reference dataset. For both Swedish U15 ( p < 0.001) and Irish U13 ( p = 0.003) players, BMT classification was significantly influenced by the selection of the growth reference dataset. Only 61% of players had the same BMT category across all reference datasets. Significant maturity biases existed in favour of early maturing Swedish players (mean = 96.5%PAH) in all datasets, although moderate using SWE ( d = 0.7), large using UK ( d = 1.02), and very large using US ( d = 1.36) (all p < 0.001). Small significant maturity biases existed in favour of early maturing Irish players (mean = 87.1%PAH) using UK ( p < 0.001, d = 0.48) and US ( p < 0.001, d = 0.33), but not SWE. We conclude that maturity Z-scores must be interpreted with significant caution, given the large variations in BMT classification between reference datasets.
Management of delirium in acute stroke patients: a position paper by the Austrian Stroke Society on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Kneihsl Markus , Berger Natalie , Sumerauer Stefan , Asenbaum-Nan Susanne , Höger Franz Stefan , Gattringer Thomas , Enzinger Christian , Aigner Martin , Ferrari Julia , Lang Wilfried
Published: August 2024

Delirium is a common complication in acute stroke patients, occurring in 15–35% of all stroke unit admissions and is associated with prolonged hospital stay and a poor post-stroke prognosis. Managing delirium in acute stroke patients necessitates an intensive and multiprofessional therapeutic approach, placing a significant burden on healthcare staff. However, dedicated practical recommendations for delirium management developed for the population of acute stroke patients are lacking. For this purpose, the Austrian Stroke Society, in cooperation with the Austrian Society of Neurology, the Austrian Society of Neurorehabilitation, and the Austrian Society of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics has formulated an evidence-based position paper addressing the management of delirium in acute stroke patients. The paper outlines practical recommendations on the three pillars of care in stroke patients with delirium: (a) Key aspects of delirium prevention including stroke-specific delirium risk factors and delirium prediction scores are described. Moreover, a non-pharmacological delirium prevention bundle is presented. (b) The paper provides recommendations on timing and frequency of delirium screening to ensure early diagnosis of delirium in acute stroke patients. Moreover, it reports on the use of different delirium screening tools in stroke populations. (c) An overview of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment strategies in patients with delirium and acute stroke is presented and summarized as key recommendation statements.
Characteristics of Nocturnal Hypoglycaemic Events and Their Impact on Glycaemia
Authors: Eichenlaub Manuel , Öter Sükrü , Waldenmaier Delia , Kulzer Bernd , Heinemann Lutz , Ziegler Ralph , Schnell Oliver , Glatzer Timor , Freckmann Guido
Published: August 2024

Background:

Nocturnal hypoglycaemia is a burden for people with diabetes, particularly when treated with multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy. However, the characteristics of nocturnal hypoglycaemic events in this patient group are only poorly described in the literature.

Method:

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 185 study participants with type 1 diabetes using MDI therapy were collected under everyday conditions for up to 13 weeks. Hypoglycaemic events were identified as episodes of consecutive CGM readings <70 mg/dl or <54 mg/dl for at least 15 minutes. Subsequently, the time <54 mg/dl (TB54), time below range (TBR), time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), glucose coefficient of variation (CV), and incidence of hypoglycaemic events were calculated for diurnal and nocturnal periods. Furthermore, the effect of nocturnal hypoglycaemic events on glucose levels the following day was assessed.

Results:

The incidence of hypoglycaemic events <70 mg/dl was significantly lower during the night compared to the day, with 0.8 and 3.8 events per week, respectively, while the TBR, TB54, and incidence of events with CGM readings <54 mg/dl was not significantly different. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic events <70 mg/dl were significantly longer (60 vs 35 minutes) and enveloped by less rapidly changing glucose levels. On days following nights containing hypoglycaemic events, there was a decrease in TAR, mean CGM glucose level and morning glucose levels and an increase in TB54, TBR, and CV.

Conclusions:

The results showed that nocturnal hypoglycaemic events are a common occurrence in persons with type 1 diabetes using MDI with significant differences between the characteristics of nocturnal and diurnal events.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: A case report
Authors: Xu Guanghua , Xu Chang , Yang Lu
Published: August 2024

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO) is a type of common disease in clinic. However, the malignant transformation of MCTO occurred rarely, with many unexplained questions. To the best of our knowledge, owing to the rarity of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in MCTO, even though there are some previous research works concerning about this rare disease, further exploration and discussion is still necessary to reveal unknown aspects. We present a case of pathologically confirmed SCC in MCTO in a 54-year-old female patient, who underwent surgery and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy. After the treatment, she recovered well and was followed up until now. SCC in MCTO occurred rarely; clinicians should abandon habitual concepts and make targeted management individually.
Lipid control and stroke risk in atrial fibrillation patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants and statins
Authors: Ip Bonaventure , Yip Terry , Hung Trista , Yam Tsz-Fai , Yeung Carly , Ko Ho , Wong Grace , Leng Xinyi , Mok Vincent , Soo Yannie , Seiffge David , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Leung Thomas
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with intensive lipid control by statins among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who require direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is unclear. We aimed to determine the risks of ischemic stroke and ICH in AF patients treated with DOAC and statins.

Patients and methods:

In a population-based retrospective cohort study, we identified AF patients concurrently on DOAC and statins from 2015 to 2021 in Hong Kong. Primary outcome was ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes were ICH and death. We correlated study outcomes with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as time-varying, continuous variables with restricted cubic spline. In secondary analyses, the risks of study outcomes with statin intensity (low, moderate, high) were determined by multivariable time-dependent marginal structural Cox models.

Results:

We identified 32,752 AF patients co-prescribed with DOAC and statins. Lower LDL-C ( p < 0.001) and higher HDL-C ( p < 0.001) levels were associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke but not significantly associated with ICH. LDL-C of <1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) was not associated with mortality (19.6% vs 18.4%, difference 1.2% [95% CI −0.35 to 2.13]). High-intensity statin was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke compared with low-intensity statin (weighted Cox-specific hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.82 [0.67–0.99], p = 0.040) independent of LDL-C levels. Similar associations were found in 11,444 AF patients with a history of ischemic stroke.

Discussion and conclusion:

Intensive lipid control by high-intensity statins was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke in AF patients who required DOACs and did not appear to increase the risk of ICH.
Deletions in the MAL gene result in loss of Mal protein, defining the rare inherited AnWj-negative blood group phenotype
Authors: Tilley Louise A. , Karamatic Crew Vanja , Mankelow Tosti J. , AlSubhi Samah A. , Jones Benjamin , Borowski Abigail , Yahalom Vered , Finkel Lilach , Singleton Belinda K. , Walser Piers J. , Toye Ashley M. , Satchwell Timothy J. , Thornton Nicole M.
Published: August 2024

The genetic background of the high prevalence red blood cell antigen AnWj has remained unresolved since its identification in 1972, despite reported associations with both CD44 and Smyd1 histone methyltransferase. Development of anti-AnWj, which may be clinically significant, is usually due to transient suppression of antigen expression, but a small number of individuals with persistent, autosomally recessive inherited AnWj-negative phenotype have been reported. Whole-exome sequencing of individuals with the rare inherited AnWj-negative phenotype revealed no shared mutations in CD44H or SMYD1; instead, we discovered homozygosity for the same large exonic deletion in MAL, which was confirmed in additional unrelated AnWj-negative individuals. MAL encodes an integral multipass membrane proteolipid, myelin and lymphocyte protein (Mal), which has been reported to have essential roles in cell transport and membrane stability. AnWj-positive individuals were shown to express full-length Mal on their red cell membranes, which was not present on the membranes of AnWj-negative individuals, regardless of whether from an inherited or suppression background. Furthermore, binding of anti-AnWj was able to inhibit binding of anti-Mal to AnWj-positive red cells, demonstrating the antibodies bind to the same molecule. Overexpression of Mal in an erythroid cell line resulted in the expression of AnWj antigen, regardless of the presence or absence of CD44, demonstrating that Mal is both necessary and sufficient for AnWj expression. Our data resolve the genetic background of the inherited AnWj-negative phenotype, forming the basis of a new blood group system, further reducing the number of remaining unsolved blood group antigens.
The causal relationship between gut microbiota and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Nan , Sheng Kai , Li Guangzhao , Zhang Shenghuan
Published: August 2024

Background

Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders afflicting the population, with recent observational studies implicating dysfunction of the gut microbiota in constipation. Despite observational studies indicating a relationship, a clear causality remains unclear. This study aims to use two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to establish a clearer causal relationship between the two.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed using the gut microbiota summary Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) statistics from MiBioGen consortium (n = 13,266) and constipation GWAS summary statistics from the IEU OpenGWAS database. The causality between gut microbiota and constipation is primarily analyzed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and reinforced by an additional four methods, including MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode. Finally, funnel plot, heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out test were used to evaluate the reliability of MR results.

Results

IVW estimates suggested that the bacterial species Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas, and Hungatella were causally associated with constipation. The odds ratio (OR) values of Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas, and Hungatella were 1.08 (95% CI = 1.02–1.13; P = 0.007), 1.07 (95% CI = 1.01–1.13; P = 0.015), 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00-1.06; P = 0.037) respectively. Meanwhile, Ruminiclostridium 9 and Intestinibacter have been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of constipation. The OR of Ruminiclostridium 9 = 0.75(95% CI = 0.73–0.78, P < 0.001 and Intestinibacter of OR = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.86–0.93, P < 0.001). Furthermore, validation by funnel plot, heterogeneity test, and horizontal pleiotropy test showed that MR results were reliable.

Conclusion

This is the first Mendelian randomization study to explore the causalities between specific gut microbiota taxa and constipation, and as such may be useful in providing insights into the unclear pathology of constipation which can in turn aid in the search for prevention and treatment.
Associations of family socioeconomic indicators and physical activity of primary school-aged children: a systematic review
Authors: Ziegeldorf Alexandra , Schoene Daniel , Fatum Alisa , Brauer Katharina , Wulff Hagen
Published: August 2024

Background

Family socioeconomic indicators (education, occupation, and household income) are key determinants influencing children’s physical activity (PA). This study aims to systematically review the current research about the association between family socioeconomic indicators and PA among primary school-aged children and to quantify the distribution of reported associations by childs’ and parents’ sex and according to analysis and assessment methods.

Methods

A systematic literature research in multiple scientific databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and ERIC) was performed for literature published between 1st January 2010 and 31st March 2022. Only studies reporting statistical associations between an SES indicator of at least one parent (education, occupation, income, or an SES index) and different types and intensities of PA in primary school-aged children (6 to 12 years) were included in the analysis. The distributions of the reported associations were evaluated across and differentiated by sub-group analysis of assessment methods (objectively measured vs. self-reported PA) and analysis methods (univariate vs. multivariate models).

Results

Overall, 93 studies reported in 77 publications were included in this review. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe and used self-reports (questionnaires) to assess PA. Most studies used only a single SES indicator (commonly maternal education), and only two studies calculated an SES index. The majority of the studies focused on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total physical activity (TPA), and organized physical activity (OPA). Results showed predominantly positive associations between SES indicators and OPA. In contrast, results regarding different intensities of daily PA (TPA, LPA, MPA, MVPA, VPA, LTPA) were heterogeneous, with overwhelmingly no associations.

Conclusion

Overall, the results expand the knowledge about the association between family socioeconomic indicators and children’s PA and disprove the hypothesis of a clear positive association. However, large multicenter studies are lacking using a real SES index as a predictor and analyzing gender-specific multivariate models.
Development and validation of a rapid five-minute nucleic acid extraction method for respiratory viruses
Authors: Wang Yu , Huang Yuanyuan , Peng Yuqing , Cao Qinglin , Liu Wenkuan , Zhou Zhichao , Xu Guangxin , Li Lei , Zhou Rong
Published: August 2024

Background

The rapid transmission and high pathogenicity of respiratory viruses significantly impact the health of both children and adults. Extracting and detecting their nucleic acid is crucial for disease prevention and treatment strategies. However, current extraction methods are laborious and time-consuming and show significant variations in nucleic acid content and purity among different kits, affecting detection sensitivity and efficiency. Our aim is to develop a novel method that reduces extraction time, simplifies operational steps, and ensures high-quality acquisition of respiratory viral nucleic acid.

Methods

We extracted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nucleic acid using reagents with different components and analyzed cycle threshold (Ct) values via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to optimize and validate the novel lysis and washing solution. The performance of this method was compared against magnetic bead, spin column, and precipitation methods for extracting nucleic acid from various respiratory viruses. The clinical utility of this method was confirmed by comparing it to the standard magnetic bead method for extracting clinical specimens of influenza A virus (IAV).

Results

The solution, composed of equal parts glycerin and ethanol (50% each), offers an innovative washing approach that achieved comparable efficacy to conventional methods in a single abbreviated cycle. When combined with our A Plus lysis solution, our novel five-minute nucleic acid extraction (FME) method for respiratory viruses yielded superior RNA concentrations and purity compared to traditional methods. FME, when used with a universal automatic nucleic acid extractor, demonstrated similar efficiency as various conventional methods in analyzing diverse concentrations of respiratory viruses. In detecting respiratory specimens from 525 patients suspected of IAV infection, the FME method showed an equivalent detection rate to the standard magnetic bead method, with a total coincidence rate of 95.43% and a kappa statistic of 0.901 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The FME developed in this study enables the rapid and efficient extraction of nucleic acid from respiratory samples, laying a crucial foundation for the implementation of expedited molecular diagnosis.
Targeting treatment resistance: unveiling the potential of RNA methylation regulators and TG-101,209 in pan-cancer neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Zhou Yaoyao , Liu Ziyun , Gong Cheng , Zhang Jie , Zhao Jing , Zhang Xia , Liu Xiangyu , Li Bin , Li Rui , Shi Zhenyu , Xie Yongjie , Bao Li
Published: August 2024

Background

Tumor recurrence and mortality rates remain challenging in cancer patients despite comprehensive treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy aim to eliminate residual tumor cells, reducing the risk of recurrence. However, drug resistance during neoadjuvant therapy is a significant hurdle. Recent studies suggest a correlation between RNA methylation regulators (RMRs) and response to neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods

Using a multi-center approach, we integrated advanced techniques such as single-cell transcriptomics, whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, proteomics, machine learning, and in vivo/in vitro experiments. Analyzing pan-cancer cohorts, the association between neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy effectiveness and RNA methylation using single-cell sequencing was investigated. Multi-omics analysis and machine learning algorithms identified genomic variations, transcriptional dysregulation, and prognostic relevance of RMRs, revealing distinct molecular subtypes guiding pan-cancer neoadjuvant therapy stratification.

Results

Our analysis unveiled a strong link between neoadjuvant therapy efficacy and RNA methylation dynamics, supported by pan-cancer single-cell sequencing data. Integration of omics data and machine learning algorithms identified RMR genomic variations, transcriptional dysregulation, and prognostic implications in pan-cancer. High-RMR-expressing tumors displayed increased genomic alterations, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, poorer prognosis, and resistance to neoadjuvant therapy. Molecular investigations and in vivo/in vitro experiments have substantiated that the JAK inhibitor TG-101,209 exerts notable effects on the immune microenvironment of tumors, rendering high-RMR-expressing pan-cancer tumors, particularly in pancreatic cancer, more susceptible to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the pivotal role of RMRs in pan-cancer neoadjuvant therapy, serving as predictive biomarkers for monitoring the tumor microenvironment, patient prognosis, and therapeutic response. Distinct molecular subtypes of RMRs aid individualized stratification in neoadjuvant therapy. Combining TG-101,209 adjuvant therapy presents a promising strategy to enhance the sensitivity of high-RMR-expressing tumors to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, further validation studies are necessary to fully understand the clinical utility of RNA methylation regulators and their impact on patient outcomes.
Trauma induced coagulopathy is limited to only one out of four shock induced endotheliopathy (SHINE) phenotypes among moderate-severely injured trauma patients: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Johansson Pär I. , Vigstedt Martin , Curry Nicola S. , Davenport Ross , Juffermans Nicole P. , Stanworth Simon J. , Maegele Marc , Gaarder Christine , Brohi Karim , Stensballe Jakob , Henriksen Hanne H. ,   for the Targeted Action for Curing Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TACTIC) Collaborators
Published: August 2024

Background

Trauma induced coagulopathy remains to be an important cause of high transfusion requirements and mortality and shock induced endotheliopathy (SHINE) has been implicated.

Methods

European multicenter observational study of adult trauma patients with injury severity score ≥ 16 arriving within 2 h from injury to the trauma centers. Admission blood samples obtained were used for analysis of the SHINE biomarkers (syndecan-1, soluble thrombomodulin, adrenaline) and extensive analysis of coagulation, -and fibrinolytic factors together with collection of clinical data. Hierarchical clustering of the SHINE biomarkers was used to identify the SHINE phenotypes.

Results

The 313 patients clustered into four SHINE phenotypes. Phenotype 2, having the highest glycocalyx shedding, encompassing 22% of the whole cohort, had severe coagulopathy with lower levels of prothrombin, FV, IX, X, XI and severe hyperfibrinolysis with higher plasmin – alpha 2-antiplasmin (PAP) – and tPA levels and lower alpha2 – antiplasmin levels. This phenotype had significantly higher transfusion requirements and higher mortality (39% vs. 23%, 15% and 14%) but similar injury severity score (ISS) compared to the others phenotypes.

Conclusions

Hierarchical clustering identified four SHINE phenotype in a cohort of trauma patients. Trauma induced coagulopathy was confined to only one of the SHINE phenotypes, encompassing 22% of the total cohort. This phenotype was characterized by severe hypocoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis, which translated to significantly higher transfusion requirements and higher mortality compared to the other SHINE phenotypes with similar injury severity, warranting further investigation.
Benefits of osimertinib treat a lung adenocarcinoma patient with germline EGFR T790M, somatic EGFR 19-Del, TP53 and PIK3CA mutations
Authors: Li Yingxue , Li Guangqi , Zheng Zheng , Wen Wenjuan , Zhao Haihui , Liu Xia , Xie Jiaping , Han Lin
Published: August 2024

Background

Somatic mutations in the EGFR gene occur in about 50% of non-small cell lung cancers, with the T790M mutation significantly contributing to secondary resistance against EGFR-TKI drugs. However, EGFR T790M germline mutations rarely occur.

Case presentation

In this study, we report a case of a lung adenocarcinoma family lineage linked to a germline EGFR T790M mutation. The main subject was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and experienced a 19-month period without disease progression while treated with Osimertinib. We collected both clinicopathological and familial data from a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Next-generation sequencing of 40 key genes was performed on the proband’s tumor tissue. To detect EGFR germline mutations, Sanger sequencing was conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the proband and his two daughters. Mutations such as EGFR T790M, EGFR 19-Del, TP53, and PIK3CA were identified in the proband’s lung cancer tissue. Additionally, germline EGFR T790M mutations were confirmed in the proband and his daughters through sequencing of their peripheral blood samples. CT scans revealed multiple pulmonary nodules in both daughters.

Conclusions

These observations suggest that germline mutations in EGFR T790M could be strongly linked to a familial predisposition to lung cancer.
Identification of tumor rejection antigens and the immunologic landscape of medulloblastoma
Authors: Yang Changlin , Trivedi Vrunda , Dyson Kyle , Gu Tongjun , Candelario Kate M. , Yegorov Oleg , Mitchell Duane A.
Published: August 2024

Background

The current standard of care treatments for medulloblastoma are insufficient as these do not take tumor heterogeneity into account. Newer, safer, patient-specific treatment approaches are required to treat high-risk medulloblastoma patients who are not cured by the standard therapies. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality that could be key to improving survival and avoiding morbidity. For an effective immune response, appropriate tumor antigens must be targeted. While medulloblastoma patients with subgroup-specific genetic substitutions have been previously reported, the immunogenicity of these genetic alterations remains unknown. The aim of this study is to identify potential tumor rejection antigens for the development of antigen-directed cellular therapies for medulloblastoma.

Methods

We developed a cancer immunogenomics pipeline and performed a comprehensive analysis of medulloblastoma subgroup-specific transcription profiles (n = 170, 18 WNT, 46 SHH, 41 Group 3, and 65 Group 4 patient tumors) available through International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and European Genome-Phenome Archive (EGA). We performed in silico antigen prediction across a broad array of antigen classes including neoantigens, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and fusion proteins. Furthermore, we evaluated the antigen processing and presentation pathway in tumor cells and the immune infiltrating cell landscape using the latest computational deconvolution methods.

Results

Medulloblastoma patients were found to express multiple private and shared immunogenic antigens. The proportion of predicted TAAs was higher than neoantigens and gene fusions for all molecular subgroups, except for sonic hedgehog (SHH), which had a higher neoantigen burden. Importantly, cancer-testis antigens, as well as previously unappreciated neurodevelopmental antigens, were found to be expressed by most patients across all medulloblastoma subgroups. Despite being immunologically cold, medulloblastoma subgroups were found to have distinct immune cell gene signatures.

Conclusions

Using a custom antigen prediction pipeline, we identified potential tumor rejection antigens with important implications for the development of immunotherapy for medulloblastoma.
Deep-learning-enabled temporally super-resolved multiplexed fringe projection profilometry: high-speed kHz 3D imaging with low-speed camera
Authors: Chen Wenwu , Feng Shijie , Yin Wei , Li Yixuan , Qian Jiaming , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in imaging sensors and digital light projection technology have facilitated rapid progress in 3D optical sensing, enabling 3D surfaces of complex-shaped objects to be captured with high resolution and accuracy. Nevertheless, due to the inherent synchronous pattern projection and image acquisition mechanism, the temporal resolution of conventional structured light or fringe projection profilometry (FPP) based 3D imaging methods is still limited to the native detector frame rates. In this work, we demonstrate a new 3D imaging method, termed deep-learning-enabled multiplexed FPP (DLMFPP), that allows to achieve high-resolution and high-speed 3D imaging at near-one-order of magnitude-higher 3D frame rate with conventional low-speed cameras. By encoding temporal information in one multiplexed fringe pattern, DLMFPP harnesses deep neural networks embedded with Fourier transform, phase-shifting and ensemble learning to decompose the pattern and analyze separate fringes, furnishing a high signal-to-noise ratio and a ready-to-implement solution over conventional computational imaging techniques. We demonstrate this method by measuring different types of transient scenes, including rotating fan blades and bullet fired from a toy gun, at kHz using cameras of around 100 Hz. Experiential results establish that DLMFPP allows slow-scan cameras with their known advantages in terms of cost and spatial resolution to be used for high-speed 3D imaging tasks.
ASCO Domestic Quality Programs
Authors: Makhoul Issam , Power Steve , Smith Catherine , Niece Traci , O'Mahony Deirdre
Published: August 2024

A growing sense of the need to define good-quality cancer care has emerged in the past decade of the 20th century. The goals were to assess, improve, and reward quality. Animated debates between cancer care delivery academic and community organizations, governmental agencies, and insurance companies have led to multiple initiatives and pilot projects. ASCO was on the cutting edge of quality in oncology movement. We can define three phases, overlapping rather than sequential, in ASCO's journey. The first phase was generating definitions of good-quality care characterized by the publication of ASCO guidelines. The second phase was the creation of the tools to measure the implementation of standards of care with the creation of the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI). The third phase was the launch of a comprehensive approach to cancer care quality as illustrated by QOPI Certification, then the more complete iteration, ASCO Certified Program. The latter is the most elaborate program to define quality from the patient and health care providers' perspective on one hand and governmental agencies and insurance providers' perspective on the other. Since the publication of the Ensuring Quality Cancer Care Report in 1998 to the ASCO Certified in 2023, a quarter century has elapsed. ASCO did not operate in a vacuum. Through collaborative efforts, reacting to and interacting with various players, it has advocated for positive change. During this period, ASCO has led the movement of quality in oncology intelligently and with the upmost sense of responsibility toward the patients, health care professionals, and society at large. While many of these efforts began domestically, their reach is extending globally through research, education, and the promotion of equitable care.
Approach to the Child and Adolescent With Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Patti Giuseppa , Zucconi Alice , Matarese Simona , Tedesco Caterina , Panciroli Marta , Napoli Flavia , Di Iorgi Natascia , Maghnie Mohamad
Published: August 2024

The management of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is challenging, and the overall goals of treatment are to prevent life-threatening adrenal crises, to optimize linear growth, to control androgen levels without overdosing in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and to improve quality of life in affected individuals. Standard glucocorticoid formulations fail to replicate the circadian rhythm of cortisol and control the adrenal androgen production driven by adrenocorticotropin. To personalize and tailor glucocorticoid therapy and to improve patient outcomes, new pharmacological strategies have been developed that best mimic physiological cortisol secretion. Novel therapeutic approaches in the management of AI include new ways to deliver circadian cortisol replacement as well as various adjunctive therapies to reduce androgen production and/or androgen action/effects. Preclinical studies are exploring the role of restorative cell-based therapies, and a first recombinant adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy is also being developed in humans with CAH. In this article, we present 3 illustrative cases of AI with different underlying etiologies and times of presentation. Diagnostic and management processes are discussed with an emphasis on treatment and outcomes. We have also provided the most up-to-date evidence for the tailored management of children and adolescents with AI.
The Gospel of John Marrant
Authors: Saville IV Alphonso F.
Published: August 2024

The Reverend John Marrant (1755–91) was North America’s first Black ordained minister and one of America’s earliest Black authors and preachers. In The Gospel of John Marrant, Alphonso F. Saville IV examines how Protestantism and West African indigenous religious practices deeply informed his life and ministry. Saville follows Marrant from his time evangelizing the Cherokee in Georgia to meeting with Black Freemasons in Boston to engaging with diasporic communities along the Eastern Seaboard and in England. Using the Black folk magic tradition of conjure as a lens for understanding Marrant’s religious imagination, Saville outlines the importance of Africana religious and cultural themes, symbols, and cosmologies in the biblical interpretation and ritual culture of early Black North American Christian communities. Marrant’s life and work, Saville contends, reveal the diverse religious cultures that contributed to the formation of African American Christianity and its evolution into a prominent institution during the colonial and early history of the United States. In so doing, he demonstrates the need to recenter both religion and Africa in the study of African American cultural and intellectual history.
Blood Loss
Authors: Lane Keiko
Published: August 2024

In 1991, sixteen-year-old activist Keiko Lane joined the Los Angeles chapters of Queer Nation and ACT UP. Their members protested legislation aimed at dismantling rights for LGBTQ people, people living with HIV, and immigrants while fighting for needle-exchange programs, reproductive justice, safer-sex education, hospice funding, and the right to die with dignity. At the same time, the activists were a queer chosen family of friends and lovers who took care of one another in sickness and in health. Sometimes they helped each other die. By the time Lane turned twenty-two, most had died of AIDS. In her evocative memoir, Lane weaves together love stories and afterlives of queer resistance and survival against the landscape of the Rodney King Rebellion, the movement for queer rights, and the censorship of queer artists and sexualities. Lane interrogates the social construction of power against and in queer communities of color and the recovery of sexual agency in the midst and aftermath of violence. Luminous and powerfully moving, Blood Loss explores survival after those we love have died.
Harmonizing Health and Fitness with Healthcare Through the U.S. Registry of Exercise Professionals
Authors: Biagioli Brian , Melstrand Graham , Howard Rick
Published: August 2024

Apply It!

By reading this article, the reader will learn:

• The importance of collaboration for the national registration system

• How to access the USREPS at https://USREPS.org to see the registry

• How to check their credentials or those of employees on the registry

• How human resource departments can check multiple employees at one time
Λογοτεχνία και ιστορία
Authors: Ανδριανάκη Αικατερίνη
Published: August 2024

Η διατριβή κινείται στο χώρο της λογοτεχνικής εκπαίδευσης και μελετά τη σχέση Ιστορίας – Λογοτεχνίας, όπως καταγράφεται εγχώρια στη σχολική βαθμίδα του Γυμνασίου. Ερευνά και καταγράφει ζητήματα, όπως την διαχρονική και πολυεπίπεδη σχέση Ιστορίας – Λογοτεχνίας, τους απολογισμούς και τις προκλήσεις τόσο της λογοτεχνικής, όσο και της ιστορικής εκπαίδευσης, και κυρίως την αξιοποίηση της σχέσης ιστορίας-λογοτεχνίας στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια ιστορίας και λογοτεχνίας των τριών τάξεων του Γυμνασίου και στα Προγράμματα Σπουδών που εκπονήθηκαν τα τελευταία δεκαπέντε χρόνια. Τέλος, διερευνά απόψεις εκπαιδευτικών, που διδάσκουν τα δύο μαθήματα Ιστορίας και Λογοτεχνίας στο Γυμνάσιο. Μεθοδολογικά αξιοποιεί ερευνητικά εργαλεία από το χώρο της ποιοτικής έρευνας.
Civic-Patriotic Education of Primary Schoolchildren in the Process of Studying the History of Their Small Homeland (Part 1)
Authors: Romaeva N. , Astrecova N.
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes and defines the concept of “civic-patriotic education of primary schoolchildren”. The current problem of civic-patriotic education of students is considered taking into account changes in the main regulatory documents. The features of civic-patriotic education of primary school students in lessons and during extracurricular activities are identified. The system of civic-patriotic education of primary schoolchildren in the process of studying regional history is presented.
Pytanie o aktualizację Pisma Świętego w podejściach kontekstualnych na przykładzie hermeneutyki feministycznej
Authors: Miduch Maria
Published: August 2024

Dokument Papieskiej Komisji Biblijnej „Interpretacja Biblii w Kościele” z 1993 r., omawia kwestię kontekstualnej lektury Biblii i jednocześnie przywołuje hermeneutykę feministyczną. Teologia feministyczna, będąc owocem spotkania ruchu społecznego z naukową refleksją teologiczną, w dużej mierze skoncentrowana jest wokół interpretacji tekstu biblijnego. Nie ma jednak jednego feministycznego podejścia do Pisma Świętego, jednej feministycznej drogi odczytywania Biblii. Możemy mówić raczej o „hermeneutykach feministycznych” niż o jednej „hermeneutyce”. Są one potrzebne dzisiejszemu Kościołowi. Mają swoje mocne i słabe strony. Poważne ich potraktowanie może stanowić ważny element w rozwoju współczesnej myśli teologicznej.
Nil Desperandum! „Polska jest potrzebna Europie”. Hugo Kołłątaj i jego koncepcje geopolityczne
Authors: Kornat Marek
Published: August 2024

Artykuł traktuje o odrodzeniu idei Polski jako przedmurza Zachodu po rozbiorach Rzeczypospolitej. Kluczową rolę odegrał tu czołowy pisarz polityczny polskiego oświecenia Hugo Kołłątaj, publikując anonimowo w 1808 r. esej historyczno-polityczny Nil Desperandum! Ów traktat polityczny był wywodem o dużym znaczeniu geopolitycznym. Postulował powrót Polski do koncepcji europejskiego przedmurza na Wschodzie (przeciw Rosji), w służbie napoleońskiemu imperium jako „wspólnocie ludów cywilizowanych”.
Problem państw de facto w stosunkach międzynarodowych w okresie dekolonizacji w Afryce
Authors: Kłosowicz Robert
Published: August 2024

THE PROBLEM OF DE FACTO STATES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DURING THE DECOLONISATION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF KATANGA AND SOUTH KASAI
In modern history of Sub-Saharan Africa there have been several attempts of secession, most of which failed. Some of them were successful, such as Eritrea or South Sudan, others were close to success, such as Katanga in the Belgian Congo or Biafra in Nigeria, and some others never had any practical chances of success, such as Cabinda, aiming to separate from Angola, or South Kasai from Congo. The Republic of Congo, one of the largest countries in Sub Saharan Africa, was the first of the independent states in this region to experience civil war and separatism. This former Belgian colony gained independence on 30 June 1960 and was plunged into an internal conflict just two weeks later. The military rebellion and the chaos that arose in the country after the declaration of independence were used by politicians from the mineral-rich Katanga and South Kasai provinces. The conflict, taking place in the realities of the Cold War and decolonisation, became an element of a larger international game between the Western world, the Eastern bloc, and non-aligned countries. Katanga is the only example so far when the international community has made an effort towards ending secession of an unrecognised state and has tried to restore state unity using military force through the United Nations.
Problem reparacji za ludobójstwo Herero i Nama w stosunkach międzynarodowych Namibii i Republiki Federalnej Niemiec
Authors: Polus Andrzej , Trzcielińska-Polus Aleksandra
Published: August 2024

THE PROBLEM OF REPARATIONS FOR THE GENOCIDE OF HERERO AND NAMA PEOPLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF NAMIBIA AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANYThe aim of this article is to present Namibian and German discourses on the reparations for the genocide of the Herero and Nama peoples. Guided by the social‑constructivist epistemology, the authors sought to present the German government’s and Namibians’ understandings and positions on the issue of reparations instead of the complex explanation of this phenomenon. The authors conclude that while the Namibian government does not want to allow the Herero to negotiate unilaterally with Germany (this position is supported by the German government), the German government has admittedly stated that the crime committed during the Second Reich would have been genocide (“by today’s standards”) but simultaneously it does not intend to take any financial responsibility for the first genocide of the 20th century.