bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsteady three–dimensional oscillatory Jeffrey fluid flow over an infinite horizontal plate with periodic suction
Authors: Zafar Mehwish , Rana Muhammad Afzal
Published: November 2023

Experimental and theoretical studies have established that the transition to turbulent from laminar flow (promoting the drag coefficient) may be prevented/delayed by the fluid suction from the boundary layer to the plate. Due to such an active role of laminar flow control in plummeting drag ensuing improvement in the power of vehicle by a considerable amount, this work aims to analyze periodic suction impact on 3-dimensional unsteady oscillatory flow of Jeffery fluid flowing laminarly along an infinite porous plate lying horizontally with transverse sinusoidal suction. The free stream velocity swings to and fro about a constant mean in time. The flow becomes 3-dimensional because of transverse direction of the periodic suction velocity. Approximate solutions are attained for velocity components, shear stresses and pressure. On these physical quantities the impact of dimensionless parameters budding in the problem under consideration are graphically visualized and analytically conferred. The x-component of velocity is noted to be increasing for rising values of 𝑅𝑒 which causes the decay in boundary layer thickness. Further, the velocity component 𝑢 is found to be reducing with increasing values of 𝛽 because of the fluid thickening. It is also observed that an enhancement in 𝑅𝑒 causes to reduce the pressure. On the contrary, 𝛼 causes to rise the pressure. The shear stress along the z-direction is augmented by increasing the suction parameter. The shear stress in the z-direction also increases by increasing the elastic parameter because of the thickening of the fluid. The results of present study agree to published work in limiting sense. This study is advantageous in manufacturing and designing LFCS (laminar flow control system) to improve the vehicle power necessity.
Experiences of social isolation and loneliness amongst persons with mobility-limiting chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.
Authors: Nickel Darren , Bone Mackenzie , Linassi Gary , Goodridge Donna
Published: November 2023

Study Design: Interpretive descriptive qualitative study Objective: To explore experiences of social isolation and loneliness (SIL) amongst persons with mobility-limiting chronic conditions and how they may have changed with public health restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.​ Setting: Canada Methods: Participants completed a semi-structured interview virtually and an online questionnaire. Two researchers transcribed the interviews and conducted thematic analysis. Results: Six males and three females participated (Mage=54y), all of whom had a mobility-limiting chronic condition and reported using a wheelchair. Median UCLA Loneliness Scale score was 45 (IQR = 13). Participants reported experiencing loneliness at times of major life change including onset of disability. There was variability between participants in their reports of SIL during the pandemic (negative, no changes, and positive). Coping strategies reported for SIL included interacting with others via technology/support groups, gathering outdoors, participating in recreational activities, and moving closer to families/more accessible places. Conclusions: Although SIL are familiar experiences to persons with mobility-limiting conditions, we found considerable variability in reports of SIL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should aim to identify individuals who are particularly vulnerable to prolonged SIL and how to reduce the negative health effects post-isolation.
Developing a Global Strategy for strengthening the occupational therapy workforce: A two-phased mixed methods consultation of country representatives shows the need for clarifying task-sharing strategies
Authors: Bhattacharjya Sutanuka , Curtis Sarah , Kueakomoldej Supakorn , von Zweck Claudia , Russo Giuliano , Mani Karthik , Kamalakannan Sureshkumar , Ledgerd Ritchard , Jesus Tiago S
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Occupational therapy has been underdeveloped and often neglected in the global health workforce agenda, contrasting with the global raise of population needs for services. The World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) is utilising a research-based process for developing and refining a global strategy for strengthening the occupational therapist workforce to meet population needs for occupational therapy. A multi-pronged scoping review, situational analysis, expert input process, and examination of global health workforce developments enabled the drafting of a provisional strategy that was subsequently subject to feedback from representatives of WFOT member organisations.
Methods
Two-phased, mixed-methods consultation consisting of: 1) mixed-methods online survey with score ratings and comments on the utility of each strategy; and 2) in-person focus groups discussions (n = 4) on low-scoring items involving a total of 76 representatives of WFOT member organisations. The focus group discussions were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.
Results
Strategies involving ‘task shifting / task sharing’ or the ‘harmonization of workforce data-collection requirements’ received the lowest scores in the initial survey and were thereby addressed in the focus groups discussions. The overarching theme of the focus groups was the need to: “clarify, specify, and contextualize the strategies”, including: 1) “clarify the terminology and specify the application”, for example, describe the meaning of task shifting, specify which tasks can (and cannot) be shifted and to whom, to address concerns regarding scope-of-practice, service demand, and safety; and 2) “outline the context of need and the context for the implementation” of the strategies, elucidating why the strategies are needed and how they can be feasibly implemented across the different jurisdictional contexts.
Conclusion
Within a mixed-methods consultation, WFOT representatives identified challenging topics on the draft workforce strategies and suggested methods to improve the global strategy, its acceptability, and implementation. The terms ‘task shifting / task sharing’ raised the greatest discussion among the profession leaders, when the strategy is not sufficiently clarified, specified, or contextualized.
Impact of Poor Municipal Waste Management on Ruminant Livestock
Authors: Monguno Modu B. , Umar Umar L. , Prata Joana C.
Published: November 2023

Africa’s growing problem of poor municipal waste management has made roaming population of ruminant livestock on the continent vulnerable to the ingestion of non-digestible solid wastes. Therefore, this study identified and characterized the type of non-biodegradable wastes ingested by cattle that were presented for slaughter at the abattoir, as quick, indirect way of understanding the state and impact of poor solid waste management in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Of the of 151 cattle examined, 111 (73.5%) harbored different types of non-biodegradable solid wastes, in varying combinations of plastics and other materials (e.g., metallic objects, piece of cloth, pebbles, piece of wood, hairballs). Plastics were the most frequently isolated (95.5%) ingested solid waste (ISW), mostly comprised of polypropylene and polyethylene materials. Female animals had more ISW (in weight) than males (median weight 225.0 vs. 66.0g), and were also more discriminate and had higher rate (31.8% vs 15.2%) for ISW such as pieces of foam mattress, mosquito nets, piece of cloth (jeans etc.) and socks. These findings indirectly highlight the deterioration of solid waste management systems and its cumulative impact on ruminant livestock health and consequent economic loss to farmers. Thus, improving waste management is urgently required to improve public health and food security.
Effects of beta-casein and kappa-casein genotypes on milk production and composition in the Dairy Gir cattle
Authors: Hortolani Bruna , Filho Anibal Eugenio Vercesi , Giglioti Rodrigo , Fernandes Andre Rabello , Faro Lenira El
Published: November 2023

This study aims to evaluate the effects of variants of the beta-casein and kappa-casein genes on milk production (P305) and milk composition (fat and protein) in Gir Dairy cattle, changing the selection of traits of economic importance, such as the A2 allele for beta-casein and components for higher yields in the dairy industry. The dataset contained 2,088 females genotyped for beta-casein and kappa-casein. The allelic replacement effect of each marker (β-casein and κ-casein) was estimated using mixed models. The genotype frequencies for beta-casein were 0.01, 0.19 and 0.80 for A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2, respectively. The allele frequency for beta-casein was 0.11 for A1 and 0.89 for the A2 allele. The kappa-casein genotype frequencies were 0.82, 0.17 and 0.01 for AA, AB and BB, respectively. The allele frequency was 0.91 for the A allele and 0.09 for the B allele. There was a significant effect of both genotypes (beta-casein and kappa-casein) on milk production (p < 0.05), with highest estimated mean for animals with beta-casein A2A2 and kappa-casein AA. The estimated effect of allelic replacement by beta-casein with an increase of 202.04 kg of milk for the A2 allele and an increase of 291.09 kg of milk for the A allele of kappa casein. There was no significant effect of beta-casein or kappa-casein genotypes on milk fat and protein production. Therefore, the high frequencies of A2 and A alleles in the Gir Leiteiro breed facilitate selection based on the A2A2 and AA genotypes.
Evaluation of asymmetries in early childhood: Is there a consensus?
Authors: Medau Valéria , Maia Paulo Roberto , Júnior Almiro José Machado , Deshayes Marie Josèphe , Neto José Dias Silva
Published: November 2023

Craniofacial asymmetries may alter jaw development in babies, thus compromising future occlusion. These changes can start very subtly, which means that an early well-defined diagnosis is necessary.
Objective: To ascertain whether there is a consensus among specialists regarding the importance of identifying and treating craniofacial asymmetries in children before they reach six years of age; and to develop and validate a guide to assist general dentists so that they can identify signs of craniofacial asymmetry, thereby directing preventive and minimally invasive approaches in children aged three to six years.
Materials and Methods: The guide was created after reviewing the literature. It was validated by 37 specialist professionals with master’s and doctoral degrees. The Delphi technique was used for data analysis, along with the content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach's alpha.
Results: Among the evaluators, 81.08% had completed their training more than 10 years ago and 78.38% had been working as dentists for more than 10 years; 2.16% were specialists, 32.16% had a master's degree and 5.41% had a doctoral degree. The agreement between the evaluators through the CVI was 100% and the average Cronbach's alpha was 0.7571, which was considered substantial or acceptable.
Conclusion: The guide was developed and validated.
Clinical Relevance: This protocol will assist general dentists in making early diagnoses of craniofacial asymmetries among children aged three to six years.
RETRACTED: Determination of copper and cobalt in different tea samples at trace levels by FAAS after preconcentration with a novel iron PAMAM-OH-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticle as SPE sorbent
Authors: Yılmaz Özge , Koyuncu İkbal
Published: November 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Exploring the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Regional Economy in China based on GMM and Threshold Effects
Authors: Wei Yunlin , Lu Ke
Published: November 2023

With the continuous implementation of transportation strategies, the relationship between transportation infrastructure and the regional economy has been receiving extensive attention. However, in the face of the economic downturn, whether the investment in transportation infrastructure can obtain the expected return is worthy of further discussion. Firstly, this study uses random forests to downscale the provincial transportation indicators and constructs a comprehensive indicator reflecting the transportation infrastructure. Secondly, to control the influence of lagged economy, this research uses multiple linear regression model to determine the number of lagged periods of the economy. Subsequently, system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and difference GMM estimation are used to explore the relationship between transportation infrastructure and regional economy. Finally, this study explores the nonlinear relationship between the two through the threshold effect. The results show that in the context of economic downturn, transportation infrastructure is still positively correlated with the economy in general. In addition, the employment rate, population, fixed asset investment all have a driving effect on the economy. Industrial structure, on the other hand, currently harms the economy. Further, from a non-linear perspective, transportation infrastructure has an inverted U-shaped effect on the economy. Below the first threshold, transportation infrastructure is negatively correlated with the regional economy; when it lies between the first and second thresholds, the construction of transportation infrastructure has a high driving effect on the regional economy; when it is higher than the third threshold, this driving effect will be weakened.
Isoniazid dose-related prediction model for patients with tuberculosis meningitis in southwest China
Authors: Zong Zhaojing , Jian Yi , Zhu Mei , Liu Quanxian , Zhou Liang , Zhang Jianyong
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Tuberculosis meningitis is the most lethal type of tuberculosis, and its prognosis is related to disease severity and early therapeutic intervention. A model was developed to predict the mortality risk of adults with tuberculosis meningitis based on the prognostic factors associated with the disease.
Methods
Patients were screened for primary tuberculosis meningitis and received a quadruple regimen comprising isoniazid (standard dose 300 mg/day; high dose of 600 mg/day), rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. We analyzed the indices and prognosis factors of patients who died from the disease, using 12-month treatment mortality as the primary observation endpoint. Predictors included demographic data, clinical presentation, ancillary tests, treatment changes, isoniazid dose. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multi-factor logistic regression were employed for data analysis.
Results
A total of 119 patients with tuberculosis meningitis were recruited for this study. At the end of December, there were 18 deaths and 101 surviving patients. Sixty-eight influencing factors were screened and five clinical factors were included in the model as potential prognostic factors: older age, presence of nausea, high MRC grade, imaging suggestive of cerebral infarction, and use isoniazid dose of 300 mg/day. The AUC was 0.8316832. The model utilized in this study proved beneficial to predict outcome of patients.
Conclusion
The final model is suitable for evaluating the risk of death within 12 months in patients with tuberculosis meningitis and helps assess the severity and treatment needs of patients. The isoniazid dose is an important factor affecting the prognosis of these patients.
Foetal outcome of Leptospira and Rickettsial infections during pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sengupta Mallika , T Latha , Mandal Soumitra , Mukhopadhyay Kaushik
Published: November 2023

Background – Leptospirosis and Rickettsial infections including scrub typhus are murine typhus are bacterial zoonosis prevalent in different geographical locations. This systematic review aims to identify foetal outcome in pregnant woman diagnosed with Rickettsial infection including scrub typhus and leptospirosis along with its associated factors. Methods - A comprehensive search was done in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane), Web of Science, PsycInfo, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, and Embase using a defined search term. The selection criteria were studies having pregnant women with diagnosed leptospirosis and Rickettsial infections including scrub typhus. The studies were excluded based on - diagnosis not clear, animal study, in vitro study, no pregnant population, co-infection, other infection except those concerned, seroprevalence without any foetal outcome. Studies in language other than English were also excluded. The initial screening of titles and abstracts was conducted by two independent reviewers using the Rayyan Web interface. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. Full-text review was carried out by the two reviewers, with disagreements resolved similarly. Data extraction was performed in Microsoft Excel, aided by Zotero for reference management. The assessment of study quality utilized The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Data synthesis and analysis included a narrative synthesis of findings. Main results – A total of 54 studies were included in the systematic review for analysis. Among the 54 studies included in the systematic review, 22 had data on only scrub typhus, 14 had data on only Rickettsial infection, 16 had data on leptospirosis and 2 studies had data on all three infections. A total of 176 cases of scrub typhus were included with foetal loss in 53 (30.11%) and neonatal death in 3 (1.7%). Among the 38 cases of Rickettsial infection, 4 (10.5%) had foetal loss. Out of the total 63 cases of leptospirosis 13 (20.6%) had foetal loss. There were 6 maternal deaths due to scrub typhus and one maternal death due to Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Conclusion – Leptospirosis and Rickettsial infections including scrub typhus are important causes of loss of pregnancy. Hence diagnosis and appropriate management of these cases in pregnancy is essential.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus and Associated factors among adult Chronic liver disease patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Derebe , Abay Zenahebezu , Tsegaye Tewodros , Ahmed Endris , Diress Abeje
Published: November 2023

Background:Hepatitis B virus infection is a global health problem with the highest prevalence in Asia and Sub-Saharan countries. It causes both acute and chronic hepatitis with complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hence, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and associated factors among chronic liver disease patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia from May to September 2021. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire, from the patients’ medical record and laboratory test was done from blood sample for HBsAg and hepatitis C virus antibody. Data was entered using Epi-data 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done for the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed and odds ratio using confidence interval of 95% was retrieved. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: A total of 227 chronic liver disease patients were enrolled. The mean age of participants was 44.04 (±12.4). Most (84.6%) of them were males and females account 15.4%. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 34.8% (95% CI፡ 28.8-41) among chronic liver disease patients. Increased proportion of hepatitis B virus were detected in males (AOR=4.0;95% CI=1.21,13.23). Contact to jaundiced patients (P=0.01), having multiple sexual partners (P=0.001) and hepatitis C virus co-infection (P=0.008) were significantly associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among Chronic liver disease patients.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among Chronic liver disease patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was high. Male gender, having multiple sexual partners, contact to jaundiced patients and hepatitis C virus co-infection were predominant factors for hepatitis B virus infection among chronic liver disease patients. Therefore, Proper health education and media campaign should be conducted to the general population to know about the risk factors of HBV infection and its routes of transmission. Chronic liver disease patient counselling and family members screening for HBV should be done to prevent transmission.
Examining the performance of responding to the Khoy earthquake 2022, challenges, strengths, and lessons learned: thematic analysis
Authors: Nazari Saeed , Kivi Hamid Karimi , Kolivand Pirhossein , Norouzi Razieh , Zamani Elham
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Iran experiences earthquakes yearly that cause human and financial losses exceeding global standards and averages. The death rate in developing countries is 12 times higher than that of developed countries. The extent of disasters is such that prevention, preparedness, and response against them are impossible without the widespread participation of organizations and people. One of the methods for reducing damages and risks is to teach first aids to the general public on a large scale. The main objective of this research was to investigate the challenges, strengths, and lessons learned in responding to the earthquake in Khoy.
Methodology: This research used a qualitative data collection method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and purposive sampling was used to select interviewees. After individual interviews, data were transcribed as documents and audio recordings. For data evaluation and interpretation, thematic content analysis with an inductive approach was used.
Findings: After conducting 40 interviews and reaching data saturation, the extraction of experiences and lessons learned for investigating the performance of responsible organizations in the Khoy earthquake in 2022 was obtained. The obtained data were divided into 8 categories and 39 subcategories. The categories included warning and calling forces, disaster assessment, emergency operations management, emergency housing, supply and distribution of items, organization and guidance of public participation and charities, psychological support, logistics operations, monitoring, evaluation and documentation, information dissemination, and media management.
Conclusion: This study presented the experiences and lessons learned by responsible organizations in responding to the Khoy earthquake. Responding organizations and institutions in disasters must be prepared for contingency planning as they may face challenges in the response process during assigned missions. It is suggested that various components extracted from this study be used to provide appropriate, effective services, and prevent challenges from arising in similar disaster response phases.
A Whole Food, Plant-Based Randomized Controlled Trial in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Feasibility, Nutrient, and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Campbell  , Campbell Thomas M. , Culakova Eva , Blanchard BS Lisa M. , Wixom RD BS Nellie , Guido MS Joseph , Fetten James , Huston Alissa , Shayne Michelle , Janelsins Michelle , Mustian PhD Karen , Moore Richard G. , Peppone Luke J.
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Quality of life (QOL) is among the most important outcomes for women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and it predicts survival. QOL is negatively impacted by cognitive impairment, fatigue, and weight gain. We assessed whether a whole food, plant-based (WFPB) diet promoting weight loss is feasible and might improve QOL.
Methods
Women with MBC on stable systemic treatments were randomized 2:1 to 1) WFPB dietary intervention (n = 21) or 2) usual care (n = 11) for 8 weeks. Participants attended weekly education visits and consumed an ad libitum WFPB diet (3 prepared meals/day provided). Patient-reported outcomes and 3-day food records were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. The effects of WFPB diet on changes in outcomes were assessed by analysis of covariance model controlling for baseline.
Results
20 intervention and 10 control participants completed the trial. Intervention participants were highly adherent to the WFPB diet (94.3% total calories on-plan). Intervention group nutrient intakes changed significantly including dietary fat (35.8–20.4% percent calories from fat, p < 0.001) and fiber content (22.1 to 40.8 grams fiber/1000 kcal, p < 0.001). Perceived cognitive function (FACT-Cog total + 16.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8–31.7; p = 0.040) and emotional well-being (FACT-B emotional well-being subscale + 2.3; CI = 0.5–4.1; p = 0.016) improved in the WFPB versus the control group. Fatigue, measured by the BFI, improved within the WFPB group for fatigue severity (M = 4.7 ± 2.5[SD] to 3.7 ± 2.3, p = 0.047) and fatigue at its worst (5.8 ± 2.8 to 4.4 ± 2.4, p = 0.011).
Conclusions
Significant dietary changes in this population are feasible and may improve QOL by improving treatment-related symptoms. Additional study is warranted.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03045289. Registered 7 February 2017.
STING coordinates resolution of inflammation during wound repair by modulating macrophage trafficking through STAT3
Authors: He Weifeng , Cai Xin , Liu Zhihui , Zhang Weiguang , Yang Jiacai , Tang Yuanyang , Chen Yunxia , Huang Yong , Hu Wengang , Zhang Xiaorong , Zhou Junyi , wu Yanjun , Yin Wenjing , Shang Ruoyu , Lu Qudong , Sheng Hao , Ju Zhenyu , Luo Gaoxing , Chen Cheng
Published: November 2023

Efficient cutaneous wound healing requires a coordinated transition between inflammatory phases mediated by dynamic changes in leukocyte subset populations. Here, we identify STING as a key innate immune mediator governing timely resolution of inflammation by regulating macrophage dynamics during skin repair. Using a mouse model, we show STING deficiency caused delayed wound closure associated with abnormal persistence of TNFα+ leukocytes. This resulted from the failed contraction of neutrophils coupled with impaired macrophage recruitment. STING controlled the trafficking of bone marrow myeloid cells into blood and wounds, intrinsically enhancing macrophage migratory capacity through STAT3 activation. Specifically, STING modulated the production of monocyte chemokines and their receptors CCR2/CCR5 to enable efficient egress and wound infiltration. Consequently, disrupted systemic and local STING-STAT3-chemokine signaling combine to delay macrophage influx and prevent timely neutrophil-to-macrophage inflammatory phase transition. This study elucidates STING as a critical rheostat tuning macrophage responses through STAT3 to orchestrate inflammatory resolution necessary for efficient wound healing. Our findings have broad implications for targeting STING therapeutically in both regenerative medicine and inflammatory disease contexts.
The development of the adult nervous system in the annelid Owenia fusiformis
Authors: Carrillo-Baltodano Allan M. , Donnellan Rory D. , Williams Elizabeth A. , Jékely Gáspar , Martín-Durán José M.
Published: November 2023

Background
The evolutionary origins of animal nervous systems remain contentious because we still have a limited understanding of neural development in most major animal clades. Annelids — a species-rich group with centralised nervous systems — have played central roles in hypotheses about the origins of animal nervous systems. However, most studies have focused on adults of deeply nested species in the annelid tree. Recently, Owenia fusiformis has emerged as an informative species to reconstruct ancestral traits in Annelida, given its phylogenetic position within the sister clade to all remaining annelids.
Methods
Combining immunohistochemistry of the conserved neuropeptides FVamide-lir, RYamide-lir, RGWamide-lir and MIP-lir with gene expression, we comprehensively characterise neural development from larva to adulthood in Owenia fusiformis.
Results
The early larval nervous system comprises a neuropeptide-rich apical organ connected through peripheral nerves to a prototroch ring and the chaetal sac. There are seven sensory neurons in the prototroch. A bilobed brain forms below the apical organ and connects to the ventral nerve cord of the developing juvenile. During metamorphosis, the brain compresses, becoming ring-shaped, and the trunk nervous system develops several longitudinal cords and segmented lateral nerves.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal the formation and reorganisation of the nervous system during the life cycle of O. fusiformis, an early-branching annelid. Despite its apparent neuroanatomical simplicity, this species has a diverse peptidergic nervous system, exhibiting morphological similarities with other annelids, particularly at the larval stages. Our work supports the importance of neuropeptides in animal nervous systems and the evolution of biphasic life cycles.
A Step towards incorporating return period in rainfall erosivity of India using high temporal resolution Satellite precipitation product
Authors: Das Tapasranjan , Sarma Arup Kumar
Published: November 2023

Return period analysis has been incorporated into the Rainfall erosivity of India. This has been performed by applying frequency analysis on the annual rainfall erosivity factor data series with the help of twelve widely used theoretical probability distributions. The annual rainfall erosivity factor was calculated using IMERG half-hourly satellite precipitation product and with the standard method given in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) handbook. The spatially distributed map of best-fitted distribution was generated. Return level values of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100-year return periods are evaluated using the cumulative distribution function of best fitted distribution and a spatially distributed map of each return period was prepared. These maps will offer liberty to the stakeholders and policymakers to decide on the level of risk they are willing to take. Moreover, the high spatial resolution gridded data will minimise the probable error of interpolated maps in areas with a limited number of stations or no stations. In traditional practice, the average annual rainfall erosivity is considered for computing soil loss. However, this study revealed that the average annual rainfall erosivity fell between return levels of 2 and 5-year return periods in around 94% of the studied area, highlighting the underestimation of rainfall erosivity.
RETRACTED: Investigation of the repetition rate of scanning due to motion artifacts in cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study
Authors: Kalabalık Fahrettin , Aykanat Fatoş , Çiftçi Ceren , Aytuğar Emre
Published: November 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Heat generation and assimilation-MHD model for convective flow of two immiscible fluids in a vertical channel
Authors: Kandagal Mangala , Kempepatil Ramesh
Published: November 2023

This research takes into consideration heat assimilation and heat generation, as well as the dissimilar characteristics of the two fluids, to analyze the convective flow of the fluids in a vertical channel. Magnetoconvection in a vertical container with two electrically conducting regions is analyzed using a two-zone model. Both fluids are assumed to retain their transport properties. The channel walls are maintained at differing temperatures. The resultant coupled non-linear equations for momentum and energy are solved analytically by using the standard perturbation technique. When Br=Pr Ec (heat conduction from a wall) is small, this technique may be used. Various elements affecting the velocity field, temperature field, and concentration field in connection to heat assimilation and heat production are discussed, and their effects are graphically shown.
The effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the observed velocities, temperatures, and concentrations were shown.
Population genetic of hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata; Linnaeus, 1766) in the Persian Gulf: structure and historical demography
Authors: Nasiri Zohreh , Gholamalifard Mehdi , Ghasempouri Seyed Mahmoud
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on the population genetics and historical demography of hawksbill sea turtles in the Persian Gulf. We selected eight distinct locations along the nesting habitat, covering a 750 km stretch, and collected samples from 127 hawksbill turtles using non-invasive methods. We analyzed the samples using 15 microsatellite loci and observed distinctive genetic structures on islands and beaches, even when separated by as little as 50 km. Qeshm Island exhibited the highest genetic diversity, while Shidvar, Kharkoo, and Nayband Bay showed lower genetic diversity, possibly due to limited nesting habitat availability and disturbances related to tourism. The study also identified population differentiation through fixation index (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) values, with moderate to high differentiation observed among most populations. We also used population structure analysis, migration analysis, and population history reconstruction to identify multiple genetic clusters and support a scenario of simultaneous dispersal in the Persian Gulf when the region became fully inundated with water approximately 10,000 years ago. Although the introduction of hawksbills to the Persian Gulf happened for the first time from the Oman Sea through the Strait of Hormuz, they were distributed in all habitats in a short time. The study highlights the significance of each coastal and island region in the Persian Gulf as a unique genetic reservoir for hawksbills and emphasizes the importance of conservation efforts to preserve the genetic diversity and resilience of these endangered marine turtles, particularly on islands in close proximity.
Service Oriented Architecture Methodology to improve reusability of e-Government Systems: case study from Sinnar state, Sudan
Authors: Altegani Ahmed M. Alaagib
Published: November 2023

Reusability, interoperability and integration are important factors in e-government systems since different governmental units collaborate to deliver a holistic service to a citizen. In the other hand building scalable software systems remains a complex undertaken, since such systems supposed to focus on processes and tools which support the concept that large systems can be assembled from independent, reusable collection of functionality to facilitate integrating disconnected systems. The main objective of this study is to propose service oriented architecture (SOA) development approach that can be implemented in Sudan e-government portals to improve reusability and interoperability throughout adopting a case study approach. The study presented a methodology for building e-government applications based on service-oriented architecture to promote reusability, interoperability of these applications since governmental agencies supposed to work in integrated manner to deliver a holistic service to a citizen. Besides, the model will contribute in dealing with heterogeneity of technologies and platforms used to realize e-government systems which resulted from the individual responsibility for each governmental unit to develop its own system with its own technological and platform choices, as the methodology defined set of guidelines and standards for e-government applications and e-services evaluated through case study step by step implementation.
Beyond Green Borders: an Innovative Model for Sustainable Transportation in Supply Chains
Authors: Sifaoui THIZIRI , Aider Meziane
Published: November 2023

This paper introduces an innovative study on an uncertain interval programming model for a multi-stage, multi-objective, multi-product, fixed-load transportation challenge within budget constraints and safety measures in a green supply chain. To ensure the planet’s preservation, authorities and corporations should implement proactive strategies. Achieving sustainability depends on diverse stakeholder involvement, especially scientific research driving the proposed investigation. Human languages often contain imperfect or unknown information, inherently lacking certainty; achieving precision in describing existing states or future outcomes is frequently unattainable. In probability theory, sufficient historical information is crucial for estimating probability distributions; while in fuzzy theory, determining a reliable membership function proves challenging; hence, there is often a hesitant estimation of the degree of belief in the occurrence of each condition. Addressing such uncertainties, the theory of uncertain intervals proves highly valuable. Given these considerations, the elements of the specified problem are recognized as uncertain intervals. To manage this lack of assurance, a fusion of interval theory and methods from uncertain programming is used to formulate two distinct models: an expected value model and a chance-constrained model. The equivalent deterministic models are then formulated and solved utilizing Weighted Sum Method, fuzzy programming, and goal programming. Following this, a numerical example is utilized to assess the model’s performance, and the results obtained are compared. Finally, the document concludes with a sensitivity analysis and outlines future directions.
Involving the public in research prioritisation and as research partners in the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre (2021-23): processes, research priorities, outputs, and lessons
Authors: Joseph-Williams Natalie , Williams Denitza , Gee Peter , Hall Bob , Strong Alexandra , Kumar Rashmi , Davies Nathan , Cooper Alison , Lewis Ruth , Gal Micaela , Edwards Adrian
Published: November 2023

Background
High quality health and care research must involve patients and the public, but the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges to usual involvement methods. We needed to identify new yet inclusive ways of involving the public in every stage of the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre’s (WCEC) rapid evidence generation processes, whilst fulfilling the UK Standards for Public Involvement. We describe how the public was involved in research prioritisation and as research partners in rapid research processes, and present key learning and recommendations.
Methods
Methods differed for two broad categories of WCEC public involvement opportunities. We recruited the public to our Public Partnership Group (PPG) to support activities throughout the research-knowledge mobilisation process. We recruited people from underserved groups impacted most by the pandemic to our Public Consultation Exercise; they participated in virtual or face-to-face workshops to identify and rank priority evidence needs. Involvement activities were mapped to the six UK Standards for Public Involvement. Learning was captured via quarterly meetings with our public partners, progress reports, and our research Collaborating Partners.
Results
We successfully involved 99 members of the public in identifying COVID-19 research priorities and eight members of the public to our Public Partnership Group, who supported our rapid evidence activities across the research-knowledge mobilisation process. In a pandemic context, we implemented involvement processes that were inclusive and accessible, utilised virtual platforms and methods, supported the development of new skills for our public partners, and fulfilled the UK Standards for Public Involvement. Our findings highlight the essential and complementary input of the public in identifying research priorities. Key challenges included accommodating urgent research requests from policy / practice leads, balancing views of all stakeholders, identifying answerable research questions, and capturing impact.
Conclusion
We provide a blueprint for involving the public across the research-knowledge mobilisation process in rapid research prioritisation and evidence environments. Key challenges that require further action include tailored guidance and training for involving members of the public in rapid evidence environments, considering the impact of rapid involvement opportunities on research inclusivity and diversity of the participants, and how we can capture impact of public involvement in contexts where rapid knowledge mobilisation is paramount. , whilst minimising burden on public partners.
Properties of Concrete With Dissimilar Treated Recycled Coarse Aggregate
Authors: J Vengadesh Marshall Raman , V Ramasamy
Published: November 2023

The strength evaluation of concrete can be determined by destructive and Non-destructive methods. In recent years construction industry initiated using demolition waste in structural concrete and due to this action coarse aggregate cost has been reduced. By using pre-treatment method of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), the concrete properties will increase. Thus, the RCA are treated by using mechanical scrubbing and acid treatment (H2SO4 & HCl) before induced in concrete. Slump value for controlled concrete with river sand and M-sand was 110mm and 100mm. For untreated recycled aggregate concrete, the slump value reduced to 70mm and it is improved by using mechanical scrubbing treated aggregate concrete by 90mm without addition extra water. Similarly, Vee-bee consist meter test and Compaction factor test results were reduced suddenly while using untreated aggregate concrete; it was improved by all treatment methods especially by mechanically scrubbing techniques. The compressive strength for untreated aggregate concrete at 28 days is 16.83 N/mm2 and it was improved by mechanical scrubbing by 22.68 N/mm2.The strength was increased by mechanically treated aggregate concrete by 25.79% on compared with untreated aggregate concrete. The rebound numbers of treated RAC were improved by 12.5-26.31% at 28 days than RAC (UN). The ultrasonic pulse velocity in different treatments of RAC was improved by 8.17 – 22.82% at 28 days than RAC (UN). Impact resistance also enhanced by using treated recycled aggregate.
Comparison Effect of Physical Health Training and Psychological Training of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model on the Life Quality of Patient with Diabetes in Tehran, Iran: Utilization of Message Texting
Authors: Sadeghi Donya , Darvish Asieh , Daryaafzoon Mona , Mohamadnejad Esmaeil , Molaei Alireza , Montazerlotf Parastoo , Motlagh Maryam Karbasi
Published: November 2023

Background and Purpose: Providing physical health and mental health training promotion is necessary for a sustainable change in patients with diabetes attitude and way of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparison effect of physical health training and psychological training of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) model on thelife quality of patients with diabetes.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted with two intervention groups and one control group in 2022 on 129 diabetic patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. During one month, each person in first group was sent 15 text messages on physical health and second group received 15 psychological text messages on the TRA. The data collection tool was the "Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL)" questionnaire, which was completed by the participants before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software at a statistical level of 0.05.
Results: After the intervention, in first group, life quality score average was 8.51 units (P<0.001) and second group was 19.25 units (P<0.001) more than the control group. The psychological training group had a 17.62 units (P<0.05) lower average fasting blood sugar (FBS) and a 10.74 units (P<0.001) higher average quality of life than the physical training group.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of psychological training of TRA model in improving the life quality and reducing FBS in patient with diabetes is more than physical health training. Future plans to develop mental health education in these patients are recommended.
Probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles protect against aflatoxin B1-induced inflammatory intestinal injury by remodelling the gut microbiota and activating intestinal AHR/IL-22 signalling in mice
Authors: Li Jinyan , Shi Mengdie , Wang Yubo , Liu Jinyan , Liu Shuiping , Kang Weili , Liu Xianjiao , Chen Xingxiang , Huang Kehe , Liu Yunhuan
Published: November 2023

Background Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin that widely exists in the environment and mouldy foods. The organ initially targeted by AFB1 is the intestine, and AFB1-induced intestinal injury cannot be ignored. Lactobacillus amylovorus, a predominant species of Lactobacillus, exerts carbohydrate metabolic functions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid membrane vesicles, are widely involved in diverse cellular processes. However, the mechanism by which Lactobacillus amylovorus-QC1H-derived EVs (LA.EVs) protects against AFB1-induced intestinal injury remains unclear.
Results In our study, a new strain named Lactobacillus amylovorus-QC1H (LA-QC1H)was isolated from pigfaeces. Then, EVs derived from LA-QC1H were prepared by ultracentrifugation. Our study showedthat LA.EVs significantly alleviated AFB1-induced inflammatory intestinal injury by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and decreasing intestinal permeability. Meanwhile, 16S rRNA analysis showed that LA.EVs remodelled AFB1-induced gut dysbiosis in mice. However, LA.EVs failed to exert beneficial effects in antibiotic-treated mice. LA.EVs treatment resulted in higher intestinal levels of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) and activating intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/IL-22 signalling in AFB-exposed mice. Inhibition of intestinal AHR signalling markedly weakenedthe protective effect of LA.EVs in AFB-exposed mice.
Conclusions LA.EVs alleviated AFB1-induced inflammatory intestinal injury by remodelling the gut microbiota and activating intestinal AHR/IL-22 signalling in mice. Our study provides a new strategy for using LA.EVs as a therapeutic method to prevent AFB1-induced inflammatory intestinal injury.
Comparison of per kilogram and nitrogen balance calculations for the prediction of daily protein requirement in cancer patients: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Karakus Zeynep Nur , Altinkaynak Mustafa , Akpinar Timur Selcuk , Erten Sebile Nilgun , Vatansever Sezai , Saka Bulent
Published: November 2023

Background & aims: Appropriate nutrition plan is required to fulfil the daily requirements in cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory results of protein supplementation according to different calculation methods (per kg [PK] vs nitrogen balance equation [NBE]) in cancer patients.
Methods: 103 cancer patients were included in this prospective randomized trial. Personalized diet lists were given to all patients according to their daily energy/protein requirements, where protein need was calculated with two different calculations: i) PK: 1.2-1.5 g/kg/day and ii) NBE. NBE was calculated with the net daily nitrogen losses from urine and faeces. Food consumption, and anthropometric, muscle function and laboratory measurements of the two groups were compared after 8 weeks. Daily 30 min brisk walking was planned for each patient.
Results: 52 and 51 patients were included to PK and NBE groups (mean age: 50.9±11.1 and 53.1±12.3 years), respectively. After 8 weeks, the dietary compliance of the patients in PK and NBE groups were 93% and 95%. Daily protein intake was higher in the PK group. Both groups showed similar results regarding the lean body mass, muscle strength, walking speed and serum albumin. Gait speed was increased in both groups, and muscle strength was increased in the PK group.
Conclusion: Protein supplementation according to both calculations provided comparable results in cancer patients. Personalized diet combined with moderate exercise improved the physical performance in both groups. Increased muscle strength in the PK group was associated with higher protein intake.