bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical prediction of the carrier mobilities for MII2MIII-Cl-layered double hydroxides in three-dimensional directions
Authors: Xu Si-Min , Zhu Yu-Quan , Chen Zi-Ru , Yang Jiang-Rong , Chen Xudong , Yan Hong
Published: June 2022

Layered double hydroxides may be used as gate insulators in field-effect transistors due to their anisotropic carrier mobilities, large band gap energies and moderate dielectric permittivities.
Enhancing hole carrier injection via low electrochemical doping on circularly polarized polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yan Hao , Wade Jessica , Wan Li , Kwon Sooncheol , Fuchter Matthew J. , Campbell Alasdair J. , Kim Ji-Seon
Published: June 2022

The noble electrochemical doping agent enables stable electrochemical doping of achiral π-CP in π-CP:aza[6]H blends, which allows better charge injection and balance for efficient circularly polarized optoelectronic devices.
High efficiency perovskite solar cells with PTAA hole transport layer enabled by PMMA:F4-TCNQ buried interface layer
Authors: Hu Lina , Zhang Longlong , Ren Weihua , Zhang Chenxi , Wu Yukun , Liu Yifan , Sun Qinjun , Dai Zhen , Cui Yanxia , Cai Linfeng , Zhu Furong , Hao Yuying
Published: June 2022

The schematic diagram illustrating the energy level alignment of the functional layers in (a) a control PSC and (b) a PSC with the presence of a PMMA-induced interface dipole at the HTL/perovskite interface, (c) the formation of an interface dipole.
High performance ferroelectric field-effect transistors for large memory-window, high-reliability, high-speed 3D vertical NAND flash memory
Authors: Kim Giuk , Lee Sangho , Eom Taehyong , Kim Taeho , Jung Minhyun , Shin Hunbeom , Jeong Yeongseok , Kang Myounggon , Jeon Sanghun
Published: June 2022

This article presents a 3D ferroelectric NAND flash memory with a wide MW, low operation voltage, fast PGM/ERS speed, and higher endurable cycles based on a HfZrO film that shows excellent ferroelectricity even at a relatively thick thickness.
Correction: Visual organophosphate vapor sensing by dibenzylidine derivatives exhibiting intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation induced emission
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Shauloff Nitzan , Nandi Ashim , Baranov Mark , Pevzner Alexander , Marx Sharon , Jelinek Raz
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Visual organophosphate vapor sensing by dibenzylidine derivatives exhibiting intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation induced emission’ by Rajendran Manikandan et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 5458–5465, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TC05566F.
Gaussian guided IoU: A better metric for balanced learning on object detection
Authors: Gou Lijun , Wu Shengkai , Yang Jinrong , Yu Hangcheng , Li Xiaoping
Published: June 2022

Most anchor‐based detectors use intersection over union (IoU) to assign targets to anchors during training. However, IoU did not pay enough attention to the proximity of the anchor's centre to the centre of the truth box, resulting in two issues: (1) the most slender objects were given just one anchor, resulting in insufficient supervision information for slender objects during training; (2) IoU cannot accurately represent the degree of alignment between the feature's receptive field at the anchor's centre and the object. As a result, some features with good alignment degrees are missing, while others with poor alignment degrees are used, reducing the model's localisation accuracy. To address these issues, we first created a Gaussian Guided IoU (GGIoU), which prioritises the proximity of the anchor's centre to the truth box's centre. We then proposed GGIoU‐balanced learning methods, including GGIoU‐guided assignment strategy and GGIoU‐balanced localisation loss. This method can assign multiple anchors to each slender object, favouring features that are well‐aligned with the objects during the training process. A large number of experiments show that GGIoU‐balanced learning can solve the aforementioned problems and significantly improve the detection model's performance.
Analysis and research on the sensitivity of current protection based on the planning and design of distribution networks
Authors: Ge Qun , Xing Jiaqi , Liu Siyuan , Li Zaiqiang
Published: June 2022

The safe and reliable operation of a distribution network (DN) is closely related to the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards. At present, the design principle of a distribution network is still based on a primary system and primary equipment, without considering the relay protection on the secondary side, which is an important guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of a power grid. The authors theoretically proved the influence of network structures on the main protection (instantaneous overcurrent protection and time‐delay instantaneous overcurrent protection) of conventional stage‐type current protection, and main influencing factors are analysed and verified in an example. The result shows that reasonable planning and design are an important premise for overcurrent protection to meet sensitivity requirements, and it shows a theoretical and practical guiding significance for the planning of a distribution network.
Distributed lossless coding system based on cloud computing in video transcoding for MRI and neuroimaging
Authors: Li Ying , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: June 2022

A distributed lossless coding system based on cloud computing is proposed to increase the video transcoding capacity of the new media interactive broadcasting project in the research department. Distributed transcoding is carried out by using the programming ideas of two Hadoop cores: HDFS (Hadoop distributed file system) and map reduce. At the same time, the specific process of distributed transcoding is introduced and designed in detail. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the distributed transcoding scheme is greatly improved. The results show that this experiment selects the 32 m with the best segment size as the benchmark, and calculates that the distributed transcoding time is 60.3% higher than the traditional single machine transcoding. This improvement significantly improves the transcoding efficiency, improves the experience effect of video service, and adapts to the trend of the rapid development of new media in the current era. The design of the system architecture not only greatly improves the transcoding efficiency, but also saves the transcoding time.
Suction-ejection of a ping-pong ball in a falling water-filled cup
Authors: Barlet A. , Malhomme N.
Published: June 2022

Dropping a water-filled cup with a ping-pong ball inside to the ground expels the ball much higher than its initial height. During free fall, the absence of gravity in the reference frame of the cup makes capillary forces dominant, causing the ball to be sucked into water. At impact, the high velocity ejection is due to the strong Archimedes’ force caused by vertical acceleration. In this paper, we study the dynamics of the capillary sinking of the ball during free fall and the ejection speed at impact, using tracking and high-speed imaging. In particular, we show that at short-time, the sinking is governed by capillary and added mass forces.
Seasonal variation in population structure and sexual maturity of Sylviocarcinus pictus (Decapoda: Trichodactylidae) in a Neotropical intermittent river
Authors: Rios D.P. , Damasceno V.E.S , Alves D.F.R. , Souto W.M.S. , Pralon B.G.N.
Published: June 2022

Sylviocarcinus pictus is a South American freshwater crab recently recorded for the first time in the Caatinga biome. Our objective was to characterize the population and reproductive biology of S. pictus from the semi-arid northeastern region of Brazil and verify the influence of seasonal environmental changes in this population. The crabs were collected from a stretch of Guaribas River, PI, Brazil, every month between October 2013 and September 2014. The crabs were identified, sexed and the carapace width (CW) was measured. Physiological sexual maturity was determined based on the gonadal development stage. A total of 178 crabs were obtained (111 males and 67 females), with a sex ratio biased towards males 1.66:1. The number of crabs collected was higher in the months of drought. Males and females reach physiological sexual maturity with 36.80 and 34.20 mm of CW, respectively. The occurrence of individuals with developed or developing gonads throughout the study indicates that these crabs reproduce continuously during the year, although recruitment was higher in February and May. Our results indicate that this population uses a reproductive strategy to optimize its reproductive fitness in an intermittent environment.
Der Raum heilt mit – Gesundheitsförderliche Praxisgestaltung
Authors: Müller Ahuti Alice , Brünen Andreas
Published: June 2022

Frischen Schwung und neuen Zusammenhalt für ihre Frühförderpraxis wünschte sich deren Geschäftsführerin nach der schwierigen Corona-Zeit 2020/21. Ihre Idee: eine Neugestaltung der Praxisräume mit Hilfe von Profis. So geschah es. Die Architektin Ahuti Alice Müller beschreibt den gemeinsamen Gestaltungsprozess. Der Psychologe Andreas Brünen erläutert den Einfluss von Räumen auf Menschen und therapeutische Prozesse.
Ist der Einsatz von Token noch zeitgemäß? – Extrinsische Verhaltensänderung
Authors: Köper Patricia
Published: June 2022

Token unterstützen, wenn es darum geht, einem Kind neue Verhaltensweisen nahezubringen: Macht es etwas richtig, darf es sich einen Sticker in ein Heft kleben. Sind zehn Sticker gesammelt, kann es sich ein Spielzeug aussuchen. Doch wie überholt sind diese Belohnungssysteme, die mit extrinsischer Verhaltensmotivation arbeiten? Eine kritische Analyse.
Gut begründet gründen – Hilfe für den Weg in die Selbstständigkeit
Authors: Laquai Sophia Marie
Published: June 2022

Eigene Ideen verwirklichen, selbstbestimmt sein, finanziell besser dastehen: Es gibt viele Gründe, von einer eigenen Praxis zu träumen. Der Bedarf an Praxen für Ergo- und Physiotherapie ist gegeben und steigt aufgrund des demografischen Wandels weiter an. Trotzdem ist der Schritt in die Selbstständigkeit kein leichter und muss gut geplant sein. Die Gründerplattform kann dabei unterstützen.
Two Siblings Showing a Mild Phenotype of Joubert Syndrome with a Specific CEP290 Variant
Authors: Uda Daisuke , Kondo Hidehito , Tanda Koichi , Kizaki Zenro , Nishida Masashi , Dai Hongmei , Itoh Masayuki
Published: June 2022

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by lower brainstem dysplasia and cerebellar vermis agenesis termed molar tooth sign (MTS), psychomotor retardation, abnormal respiratory pattern in infancy, and oculomotor abnormalities. Arima syndrome (AS), which is a severe form of JS, is characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, congenital visual impairment, progressive renal dysfunction, and lower brainstem dysplasia from early infancy. Numerous patients with AS expire in early childhood. Recently, c.6012–12T> A in the CEP290 gene was reported as a specific variant of AS. Herein, we report the cases of two siblings showing a phenotype of JS with compound heterozygous mutations (c.6012–12T > A / c.5924delT) in the CEP290 gene. The older sister (aged 19 years) had hypotonia, hypertelorism, and anteverted nares since birth. As a neonate, she developed a transient abnormal respiratory pattern and nystagmus, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed MTS. The younger sister (aged 13 years) exhibited mild hypotonia and pendular nystagmus as a neonate; MRI revealed MTS. Both sisters had psychomotor retardation, oculomotor dysfunction, and bilateral renal cysts with normal renal function. They can walk and have simple conversation. They do not meet the diagnostic criteria for AS, and their symptoms were milder than those of previously reported cases with this specific mutation. This report indicates the expanding spectrum of the CEP290 variant.
Palladium/Norbornene-Cocatalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of ortho-Acylated Benzonitriles
Authors: Wang Liqin , Song Guangjun , Yu Xinhong , Chen Niangen , Li Cuiqing , Wu Qiufang , Qin Jiaxin
Published: June 2022

A palladium/norbornene-cocatalyzed Catellani-type ortho-C–H-acylation/ipso-cyanation of iodoarenes is developed via a three-component approach using safe and low-toxic sodium carboxylates as the acyl sources and CuCN as the CN source, affording the desired products in yields of 50–94%. Without introducing a directing group on the substrate, a catalytic amount of norbornene and palladium can regioselectively activate the ortho-C–H bonds of iodoarenes. The reaction exhibits good functional group tolerance and works well on gram-scale. In addition, this transformation allows rapid and convenient access toward isoindolinones, 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds and ortho-aminated benzonitriles by manipulation of the cyano and carbonyl groups.
Diagnostic endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal lesions with suspected deep invasion
Authors: Patenotte Adrien , Yzet Clara , Wallenhorst Timothée , Subtil Fabien , Leblanc Sarah , Schaefer Marion , Walter Thomas , Lambin Thomas , Fenouil Tanguy , Lafeuille Pierre , Chevaux Jean-Baptiste , Legros Romain , Rostain Florian , Rivory Jérôme , Jacques Jérémie , Lépilliez Vincent , Pioche Mathieu
Published: June 2022

Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is potentially a curative treatment for T1 colorectal cancer under certain conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of ESD for lesions with a suspicion of focal deep invasion.

Methods In this retrospective multicenter study, consecutive patients with colorectal neoplasia displaying a focal (< 15 mm) deep invasive pattern (FDIP) that were treated by ESD were included. We excluded ulcerated lesions (Paris III), lesions with distant metastasis, and clearly advanced tumors (tumoral strictures).

Results 124 patients benefited from 126 diagnostic dissection attempts for FDIP lesions. Dissection was feasible in 120/126 attempts (95.2 %) and, where possible, the en bloc and R0 resection rates were 95.8 % (115/120) and 76.7 % (92/120), respectively. Thirty-three resections (26.2 %) were for very low risk tumors, so considered curative, and 38 (30.2 %) were for low risk lesions. Noncurative R0 resections were for lesions with lymphatic or vascular invasion (LVI; n = 8), or significant budding (n = 9), and LVI + budding combination (n = 4).

Conclusion ESD is feasible and safe for colorectal lesions with an FDIP ≤ 15 mm. It was curative in 26.6 % of patients and could be a valid option for a further 30.6 % of patients with low risk T1 cancers, especially for frail patients with co-morbidities.
Testing for Lupus Anticoagulants
Authors: Moore Gary W.
Published: June 2022

Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is one of the three criteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) employed in classification, and by default diagnosis, of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Detection of LA is not via calibrated assays but is based on functional behavior of the antibodies in a medley of coagulation assays. A prolonged clotting time in a screening test is followed by demonstration of phospholipid dependence and inhibitory properties in confirmatory and mixing tests, respectively, which are modifications of the parent screening test. Complications arise because no single screening test is sensitive to every LA, and no test is specific for LA, because they are prone to interference by other causes of elevated clotting times. Several screening tests are available but the pairing of dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) with LA-sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is widely used and recommended because it is proven to have good detection rates. Nonetheless, judicious use of other assays can improve diagnostic performance, such as dilute prothrombin time to find LA unreactive with dRVVT and aPTT, and the recently validated Taipan snake venom time with ecarin time confirmatory test that are unaffected by vitamin K antagonist and direct factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulation. Expert body guidelines and their updates have improved harmonization of laboratory practices, although some issues continue to attract debate, such as the place of mixing tests in the medley hierarchy, and areas of data manipulation such as assay cut-offs and ratio generation. This article reviews current practices and challenges in the laboratory detection of LA.
Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis: Transformative Research from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Bo , Jiang Qian , Li Qi , Pierro Agostino , Li Long
Published: June 2022

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disease that is characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the distal colon and is the most common cause of congenital intestinal obstruction. Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a life-threatening complication of HSCR, which can occur either before or after surgical resection of the aganglionic bowel. Even though HAEC is a leading cause of death in HSCR patients, its etiology and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Various factors have been associated with HAEC, including the mucus barrier, microbiota, immune function, obstruction of the colon, and genetic variations. In this review, we examine our current mouse model of HAEC and how it informs our understanding of the disease. We also describe current emerging research that highlights the potential future of HAEC treatment.
Pituitary Apoplexy Following Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis, With Two Uncommon Complications of Supraventricular Tachycardia and Acute Limb Ischemia in a Patient with Neglected Pituitary Adenoma and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: A Rare Clinical Association
Authors: Pattankar Sanjeev , Chauhan Phulrenu , Kapadia Farhad , Sankhe Milind
Published: June 2022

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical emergency arising from acute ischemia or hemorrhage of the pituitary gland. A small subset of pituitary adenomas present with an apoplectic crisis, with common symptoms being headache, nausea/vomiting, visual impairment, ophthalmoplegia, altered sensorium, panhypopituitarism, etc. Though diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an established complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, its association with PA is extremely rare. Likewise, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and acute limb ischemia (ALI) have rare, reported association with DKA. We present one such case of rare associations seen in our clinical practice. A 20-year-old woman was brought to our emergency room with headache, breathlessness, and altered sensorium. Clinical and biochemical evaluation revealed SVT, DKA, and right lower limb ALI. On enquiry, patient was found to be diagnosed with pituitary adenoma 2 years ago and lost to follow-up. PA was detected on neuroimaging and confirmed histopathologically. Possibility of PA presenting as DKA and its sequelae exists.
The Effect of the Electronic Health Record on Interprofessional Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robertson Samantha T. , Rosbergen Ingrid C.M. , Burton-Jones Andrew , Grimley Rohan S. , Brauer Sandra G.
Published: June 2022

Background Interprofessional practice and teamwork are critical components to patient care in a complex hospital environment. The implementation of electronic health records (EHRs) in the hospital environment has brought major change to clinical practice for clinicians which could impact interprofessional practice.

Objectives The aim of the study is to identify, describe, and evaluate studies on the effect of an EHR or modification/enhancement to an EHR on interprofessional practice in a hospital setting.

Methods Seven databases were searched including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and ACM Digital Library until November 2021. Subject heading and title/abstract searches were undertaken for three search concepts: “interprofessional” and “electronic health records” and “hospital, personnel.” No date limits were applied. The search generated 5,400 publications and after duplicates were removed, 3,255 remained for title/abstract screening. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Risk of bias was quantified using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs. A narrative synthesis of the findings was completed based on type of intervention and outcome measures which included: communication, coordination, collaboration, and teamwork.

Results The majority of publications were observational studies and of low research quality. Most studies reported on outcomes of communication and coordination, with few studies investigating collaboration or teamwork. Studies investigating the EHR demonstrated mostly negative or no effects on interprofessional practice (23/31 outcomes; 74%) in comparison to studies investigating EHR enhancements which showed more positive results (20/28 outcomes; 71%). Common concepts identified throughout the studies demonstrated mixed results: sharing of information, visibility of information, closed-loop feedback, decision support, and workflow disruption.

Conclusion There were mixed effects of the EHR and EHR enhancements on all outcomes of interprofessional practice, however, EHR enhancements demonstrated more positive effects than the EHR alone. Few EHR studies investigated the effect on teamwork and collaboration.
De Novo Glioblastoma Masqueraded within a Hemispheric Dural Meningiomatosis: Rare Imaging Findings and Rationale for Two-Staged Resection
Authors: Zacharewski Nicholas , Movahed-Ezazi Misha , Song Xianyuan , Mehta Tapan , Manjila Sunil
Published: June 2022

Introduction Collision tumors present as histologically different juxtaposed neoplasms within the same anatomical region, independent of the adjacent cell population. De novo intracranial collision tumors involving metachronous primary brain neoplasms alongside dural meningiomatosis are not well documented in the literature.

Clinical Presentation We present staged surgical management of a 72-year-old female with known left hemispheric stable dural-based convexity mass lesions over 10 years and new-onset expressive aphasia and headaches. MRI had revealed left supratentorial dural-based enhanced masses consistent with en plaque meningiomatosis. Embolization angiography showed an unusual tumor blush from an aberrant branch of anterior cerebral artery suggesting a deeper focal intra-axial nature; a stage 1 craniotomy for dural-based tumor resection was completed with diagnosis of a meningioma (WHO grade 1). Intraoperatively, a distinct intra-axial deep discrete lesion was verified stereotactically, concordant with the location of tumor blush. The patient made a complete neurological recovery from a transient postoperative supplemental motor area syndrome in a week. Subsequent postoperative follow-up showed worsening of right hemiparesis and MRI showed an increase in residual lesion size and perilesional edema, which prompted a stage 2 radical resection of a glioblastoma, WHO grade 4. She improved neurologically after surgery with steroids and physical therapy. At 15 months following adjuvant therapy, she remains neurologically intact throughout the postoperative course, with no recurrent tumor on MRI.

Conclusion A de novo glioblastoma presented as a masquerading lesion within hemispheric convexity meningiomatosis in an elderly patient with no prior radiation/phakomatosis, inciting a non-causal juxtapositional coexistence. The authors highlight rare pathognomonic angiographic findings and the rationale for two-staged resections of these collision lesions that led to excellent clinicoradiological outcome.
Evaluating a Prototype Clinical Decision Support Tool for Chronic Pain Treatment in Primary Care
Authors: Allen Katie S. , Danielson Elizabeth C. , Downs Sarah M. , Mazurenko Olena , Diiulio Julie , Salloum Ramzi G. , Mamlin Burke W. , Harle Christopher A.
Published: June 2022

Objectives The Chronic Pain Treatment Tracker (Tx Tracker) is a prototype decision support tool to aid primary care clinicians when caring for patients with chronic noncancer pain. This study evaluated clinicians' perceived utility of Tx Tracker in meeting information needs and identifying treatment options, and preferences for visual design.

Methods We conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with primary care clinicians from four health systems in Indiana. The interviews were conducted in two waves, with prototype and interview guide revisions after the first six interviews. The interviews included exploration of Tx Tracker using a think-aloud approach and a clinical scenario. Clinicians were presented with a patient scenario and asked to use Tx Tracker to make a treatment recommendation. Last, participants answered several evaluation questions. Detailed field notes were collected, coded, and thematically analyzed by four analysts.

Results We identified several themes: the need for clinicians to be presented with a comprehensive patient history, the usefulness of Tx Tracker in patient discussions about treatment planning, potential usefulness of Tx Tracker for patients with high uncertainty or risk, potential usefulness of Tx Tracker in aggregating scattered information, variability in expectations about workflows, skepticism about underlying electronic health record data quality, interest in using Tx Tracker to annotate or update information, interest in using Tx Tracker to translate information to clinical action, desire for interface with visual cues for risks, warnings, or treatment options, and desire for interactive functionality.

Conclusion Tools like Tx Tracker, by aggregating key information about past, current, and potential future treatments, may help clinicians collaborate with their patients in choosing the best pain treatments. Still, the use and usefulness of Tx Tracker likely relies on continued improvement of its functionality, accurate and complete underlying data, and tailored integration with varying workflows, care team roles, and user preferences.
Malnutrition-Inflammation Liaison in Predicting AKI following OPCABG in Diabetics: Role of a Novel Monocyte/High-Density Lipoprotein × Albumin Ratio
Authors: Singh Armaanjeet , Magoon Rohan , Dey Souvik , Bansal Noopur , Shri Iti , Kohli Jasvinder Kaur , Kashav Ramesh Chand
Published: June 2022

Background Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has been recently proposed as a parsimonious inflammatory marker. Akin to MHR, hypoalbuminemia (a malnutrition marker) has a considerable proinflammatory potential and confers an accentuated risk of postcardiac surgery complications, like acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study evaluated the AKI-predictive value of the preoperative monocyte/high-density lipoprotein × albumin ratio (MHAR) in diabetic patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).

Methods The retrospective study conducted at our tertiary cardiac care center included 687 diabetic OPCABG patients. Forty-eight hours postoperative data was evaluated for the occurrence of AKI, as defined by the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. The perioperative attributes of the AKI and non-AKI groups were compared to evaluate the predictors of AKI, by employing a regression analysis.

Results A total of 109 patients (15.87%) developed AKI postoperatively. On univariate analysis: age, EuroSCORE II, preoperative congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, serum albumin, MHR, MHAR, intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusion, postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, and vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) predicted AKI. AKI subsequent to multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.029), EuroSCORE II (OR: 1.264), MHAR (OR: 1.403), and VIS (OR: 1.07) were the independent predictors (p-values: 0.020, < 0.001, 0.013, 0.002, respectively). The AKI predictive cutoffs of albumin, MHR, and MHAR were ≤ 2.95, ≥ 15.25, and ≥ 4.08 (area under the curve:sensitivity:specificity of 0.761:84.86%:89.62%; 0.754:93.12%:86.68%; 0.798:89.63%:88.34%, respectively). MHAR ≥ 4.08 was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation and major adverse cardiac events.

Conclusion Preoperative elevated MHAR independently predicts AKI following OPCABG in diabetics, implying a malnutrition-inflammation liaison at heart of the matter.
Periprocedural Management during Therapeutic Cardiac Catheterization in Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Choudhury Minati , Sharma Amita , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra
Published: June 2022

Most of the patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) also known as sleep disordered breathing are not diagnosed before undergoing any cardiac interventional procedure. Many of them can safely undergo outpatient procedure under sedation or anesthesia. Few of them with moderate to severe grade of SAS, who are not optimized medically, may create problem and need special consideration. We managed three such cases in cardiac catheterization laboratory; two of them were not diagnosed before. The periprocedural problems we faced in these patients are narrated in this article along with review of literature. Some suggestions for management of such patients undergoing therapeutic cardiac catheterization are also highlighted.
24-Hour Blood Pressure Control with Amlodipine: A Review of the Current Scenario
Authors: Nair Tiny , Kumar A Sreenivas , Unni T Govindan , Tiwaskar Mangesh Harihar , Sharma Shweta , Gaurav Kumar
Published: June 2022

Introduction Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and premature death worldwide. Antihypertensive therapy using calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is one of the preferred choices to treat blood pressure (BP) and control blood pressure variability (BPV). In contrast to clinic BP, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) has evolved into an accurate and reproducible tool for the assessment and management of hypertension. Amlodipine, a longer acting dihydropyridine CCB is effective for 24 hours BP control and also minimizing BPV. The present article is the comprehensive review highlighting the efficacy of amlodipine in controlling 24-hour BP and minimizing BPV from the review of recent studies.

Materials and Methods The literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases. The studies to be included for review, were identified through the keywords: “amlodipine,” “ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM),”“blood pressure variability (BPV),” “CCBs,” and filtering articles published in English language only.

Results Pharmacological evidence suggests that amlodipine has the ability to block all the subtypes of CCBs such as L-, N-, P-, Q-, R-, and T-type. Various clinical studies reported that amlodipine is a powerful, well-tolerated, and safe antihypertensive agent which is widely used either alone or as a key component of combination therapy for control of 24 hours BP.

Conclusion Overall, amlodipine is a proven and effective antihypertensive drug and helpful in controlling 24-hour BP, minimizing BP variability and hence reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Incorporating collagen in shape-memory hydrogels for injectable tissue scaffolds
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: June 2022

Two preparation techniques lead to one hydrogel that recovers its shape and supports cell adhesion and growth.
Information thermodynamics of encoding and encoders
Authors: Tian Yang , Sun Pei
Published: June 2022

Non-isolated systems have diverse coupling relations with the external environment. These relations generate complex thermodynamics and information transmission between the system and its environment. The framework depicted in the current research attempts to glance at the critical role of the internal orders inside the non-isolated system in shaping the information thermodynamics coupling. We characterize the coupling as a generalized encoding process, where the system acts as an information thermodynamics encoder to encode the external information based on thermodynamics. We formalize the encoding process in the context of the nonequilibrium second law of thermodynamics, revealing an intrinsic difference in information thermodynamics characteristics between information thermodynamics encoders with and without internal correlations. During the information encoding process of an external source Y, specific sub-systems in an encoder X with internal correlations can exceed the information thermodynamics bound on (X,Y) and encode more information than system X works as a whole. We computationally verify this theoretical finding in an Ising model with a random external field and a neural data set of the human brain during visual perception and recognition. Our analysis demonstrates that the stronger internal correlation inside these systems implies a higher possibility for specific sub-systems to encode more information than the global one. These findings may suggest a new perspective in studying information thermodynamics in diverse physical and biological systems.
Elementary integral series for Heun functions: Application to black-hole perturbation theory
Authors: Giscard P.-L. , Tamar A.
Published: June 2022

Heun differential equations are the most general second order Fuchsian equations with four regular singularities. An explicit integral series representation of Heun functions involving only elementary integrands has hitherto been unknown and noted as an important open problem in a recent review. We provide such representations of the solutions of all equations of the Heun class: general, confluent, bi-confluent, doubly confluent, and triconfluent. All the series are illustrated with concrete examples of use, and Python implementations are available for download. We demonstrate the utility of the integral series by providing the first representation of the solution to the Teukolsky radial equation governing the metric perturbations of rotating black holes that is convergent everywhere from the black hole horizon up to spatial infinity.
When mechanisms of coalescence and sintering at the nanoscale fundamentally differ: Molecular dynamics study
Authors: Samsonov V. M. , Talyzin I. V. , Puytov V. V. , Vasilyev S. A. , Romanov A. A. , Alymov M. I.
Published: June 2022

Employing classical isothermal molecular dynamics, we simulated coalescence of mesoscopic Au nanodroplets, containing from several thousands to several hundred thousands of atoms, and sintering of mesoscopic solid Au nanoparticles. For our atomistic simulations, we used the embedded atom method. The employed open access program large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator makes it possible to realize parallel graphical processing unit calculations. We have made a conclusion that the regularities and mechanisms of the nanodroplet coalescence (temperature is higher than the nanoparticle melting temperature) and of the solid nanoparticle sintering differ from each other. We have also concluded that the nanodroplet coalescence may be interpreted as a hydrodynamic phenomenon at the nanoscale whereas sintering of solid nanoparticles is a much more complex phenomenon related to different mechanisms, including collective rearrangements of atoms, the surface diffusion, and other types of diffusion. At the same time, collective rearrangements of atoms relate not only to the solid nanoparticle sintering but also to the nanodroplet coalescence. In general, our molecular dynamics results on sintering of Au nanoparticles consisting of 10 000–30 000 atoms agree with the Ferrando–Minnai kinetic trapping concept that was earlier confirmed in molecular dynamics experiments on Au nanoclusters consisting of about 100 atoms.
Mechanisms of shape transfer and preheating in indirect-drive double shell collisions
Authors: Loomis E. N. , Robey H. F. , Haines B. M. , Morrow T. , Montgomery D. S. , Wilson D. C. , Xu H. , Millot M. , Celliers P. , Sacks R. , Sauppe J. P. , Quintana T. , Heinbockel C. , Kroll J. , Randolph B. , Fierro F. , Wilson C. , Daughton W. , Merritt E. , Finnegan S. M. , Kot L. , Keiter P. , Sagert I. , Stark D. J. , Amendt P. , Ping Y. , Smalyuk V. A. , Patel M. V. , Salmonson J. D.
Published: June 2022

Implosions of Hohlraum-driven double shell targets as an alternative inertial confinement fusion concept are underway at the National Ignition Facility. The double shell system relies on a series of energy transfer processes starting from thermal x-ray absorption by the outer shell, followed by collisional transfer of kinetic energy to a heavy metal inner shell, and finally, conversion to the internal energy of the deuterium-tritium fuel. During each of these energy transfer stages, low-mode asymmetries can act to reduce the ideal transfer efficiency degrading double shell performance. Mechanisms, such as hard x-ray preheat from the Hohlraum, not only decrease the efficiency of kinetic energy transfer but may also be a source of low-mode asymmetry. In this article, we evaluate the shape transfer processes through the time of shell collision using two-dimensional integrated Hohlraum and capsule computations. We find that the dominant mode of the shape transfer is well described using a “radial impulse” model from the shape of the foam pressure reservoir. To evaluate the importance of preheat on inner shell shape, we also report on first measurements of Au L-shell preheat asymmetry in a double shell with a tungsten pusher. These measurements showed a 65% higher preheat velocity at the pole of the capsule relative to the equator. We also found that the experiments provided rigorous constraints by which to test the Hohlraum model settings that impact the amount and symmetry of Au L-shell preheat via the plasma conditions inside the outer cone Au bubble.
Selectivity enhancement for metal oxide (MOX) based gas sensor using thermally modulated datasets coupled with golden section optimization and chemometric techniques
Authors: Kumar Navjot , Prajesh Rahul
Published: June 2022

The ever-increasing demand for smart sensors for internet of things applications drove the change in outlook toward smart sensor system design. This paper focuses on using low-cost gas sensors [Metal Oxide (MOX)] for detection of more than one gas, which is otherwise complex due to poor selectivity of MOX sensors. In this work, detection of two gases, namely, ammonia (NH3) and carbon monoxide (CO), using a single metal oxide (pristine tin oxide) sensor is demonstrated. Furthermore, chemometric based algorithms have been used to classify and quantify both gases. The present investigation uses the temperature modulated gas sensor response obtained at different concentrations for the mentioned gases. The golden section based optimization technique has been employed to obtain two different ranges of temperatures for both gases. After applying certain pre-processing techniques, the acquired data from the sensors were fed to various classification techniques, such as partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis, k-means, and soft independent modeling by class analogy, and 100% classification results were obtained. Furthermore, PLS regression (PLS-R) was used to perform quantitative analysis on the data using the optimized temperature ranges for both gases, and R2 regression coefficients, 0.999 25 for NH3 and 0.9399 for CO, were obtained. The results obtained from both the qualitative and quantitative analyses make our approach low-cost and smart to mitigate the cross-selectivity of metal oxide semiconductor based smart sensor design.
Real and imaginary permittivity measured by thermal noise dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Bednyakov Petr S. , Savinov Maxim , Shnaidshtein Ilya V. , Hlinka Jiří
Published: June 2022

This paper demonstrates that both real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity in a kHz frequency range can be determined from the thermal noise voltage spectra. The proposed method, termed as thermal noise dielectric spectroscopy, relies on the set of calibration measurements of gauge resistors and capacitors. This method has a great potential for investigations of strongly nonlinear dielectric materials whenever the initial permittivity is of interest because the thermal noise method probes the permittivity by an almost zero electric field. Here, we tested this method by measuring dielectric spectra of 100 nm thin film of paraelectric SrTiO3 in a thermal noise setup in which the film is effectively probed by voltages of the order of nanovolts. For the sake of comparison, the permittivity of the same SrTiO3 thin film has been also measured using the standard impedance analyzer with the probing AC voltage of 10 mV. Agreement between methods is remarkable for both real and imaginary parts of the permittivity. Results strongly suggest that the proposed technique is broadly applicable for investigation of the frequency and temperature dependence of the complex permittivity of nanoscale dielectric materials.
Physics-informed neural networks and functional interpolation for stiff chemical kinetics
Authors: De Florio Mario , Schiassi Enrico , Furfaro Roberto
Published: June 2022

This work presents a recently developed approach based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for the solution of initial value problems (IVPs), focusing on stiff chemical kinetic problems with governing equations of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The framework developed by the authors combines PINNs with the theory of functional connections and extreme learning machines in the so-called extreme theory of functional connections (X-TFC). While regular PINN methodologies appear to fail in solving stiff systems of ODEs easily, we show how our method, with a single-layer neural network (NN) is efficient and robust to solve such challenging problems without using artifacts to reduce the stiffness of problems. The accuracy of X-TFC is tested against several state-of-the-art methods, showing its performance both in terms of computational time and accuracy. A rigorous upper bound on the generalization error of X-TFC frameworks in learning the solutions of IVPs for ODEs is provided here for the first time. A significant advantage of this framework is its flexibility to adapt to various problems with minimal changes in coding. Also, once the NN is trained, it gives us an analytical representation of the solution at any desired instant in time outside the initial discretization. Learning stiff ODEs opens up possibilities of using X-TFC in applications with large time ranges, such as chemical dynamics in energy conversion, nuclear dynamics systems, life sciences, and environmental engineering.
Analysis of a kinetic model for electron heat transport in inertial confinement fusion plasmas
Authors: Chrisment A. , Loiseau P. , Feugeas J.-L. , Masson-Laborde P.-E. , Mathiaud J. , Tikhonchuk V. , Nicolaï Ph.
Published: June 2022

To determine the electron heat flux density on macroscopic scales, the most widely used approach is to solve a diffusion equation through a multi-group technique. This method is, however, restricted to transport induced by temperature gradients without accounting for other sources of fast electrons because the electric field induced by the charge separation is indirectly treated. In addition, significant discrepancies are reported in the underlying distribution function when compared to complete kinetic calculations. These limitations motivate the research for alternative reduced kinetic models. The physical content of one of them is here deepened, its precision is improved, and the benefit of its usage compared to other models is discussed.
Oxygen nonstoichiometry effects in spin Seebeck insulating Y3−xPrxFe5O12+
δ
materials
Authors: Bhosale Dnyaneshwar R. , Patil Shankar I.
Published: June 2022

Yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) and its derivatives are ferrimagnetic spin Seebeck insulating materials crucial for the spin transport based phenomena such as the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) and spin Hall magnetoresistance. Structure–property correlation studies of such materials under different conditions are useful for optimizing the relevant constraint in the existed phenomena. The usage of Y3Fe5O12 type materials over the broad range of temperature conditions (27–450 °C) in SSE is under study. We report here the structure–property correlation in spin Seebeck insulating Y3−xPrxFe5O12+δ oxides as a representative material and introduce the additional degrees of freedom in the crystal system relevant to the spin transport based phenomena under high temperature conditions. The natural tendency of having oxygen nonstoichiometry in an iron garnet family of materials strengthens the Fe–O–Fe superexchange interaction, which, in turn, tends to increase the spin voltage correlated magnetic parameters. The analysis of experimental high temperature neutron diffraction data (over 27–450 °C) reveals the oxide ion nonstoichiometry and excess oxide ion transport pathways at moderate temperature 150 °C in the crystal lattices of studied garnet materials. Oxide ion nonstoichiometry, ionic transport, and electron hopping in crystal lattices cause a tremendous variation of electrical conductivity (10−11–10−2 S cm−1) over a moderate change of temperature (27–450 °C). The occurrence of electrical transport in the required thermal gradient over the garnet material in SSE can evoke the additional degrees of freedom in the usage of such materials at high temperatures. The present work provides a new outlook in terms of structure–property correlation for spin transport based materials.
Design of a phasemeter for real-time measurements of the average plasma density with the microwave interferometer of the tokamak T-15MD
Authors: Drozd Alexey , Sergeev Dmitriy
Published: June 2022

Interferometry is one of the key diagnostics for fusion research. This diagnostic measures electron plasma density. Interferometers that work on an intermediate frequency are widespread nowadays. The phase shift between interferometer signals has to be measured. The use of a microwave interferometer on machines, such as a tokamak, leads to challenging requirements for the phasemeter operation. We present a method to provide real-time measurements of phase shifts with values much higher than 2π. The phasemeter has been designed for the microwave interferometer of the T-15MD tokamak. It is based on microcircuits AD8302. Two signals with frequencies of 5 and 10 MHz are used as interferometer outputs. The phasemeter output will be used to create a feedback loop for the working gas injection into the tokamak chamber to control the plasma density. The phasemeter has been successfully tested. The typical phase error and non-linearity of the device are 1° and 5 × 10−4, respectively.
Investigation of the structural, dielectric, and optical properties of MoSe2 nanosheets
Authors: Dehghani Z. , Ostovari F. , Nadafan M.
Published: June 2022

In this research, solvothermal synthesized MoSe2 nanosheets were analyzed to determine their structure and optical properties. Measurements through atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of MoSe2 nanosheets. The energy-dispersive x-ray results revealed the presence of high-purity MoSe2 and an atomic percentage ratio of Mo:Se ∼ 1:1.93. Additionally, x-ray diffraction and Raman showed the crystal structure of MoSe2 and the existence of a two-dimensional (2D) layer, respectively. The linear optical properties of the MoSe2 nanosheets were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the Kramers–Kronig method. The FTIR research indicated the vibrational modes of several chemical groups, thus proving the presence of MoSe2 ions. For the varying concentrations of MoSe2 nanosheets in dimethylformamide, the third-order nonlinear optical properties of MoSe2 nanosheets were determined in detail using the Z-scan approach and a continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser. As the transmittance measurements in an open aperture Z-scan setup indicated, all the synthetized samples had saturable absorption. Similar investigations using a close-aperture Z-scan technique proved that all samples had nonlinear refractive indices in the range of 10−7 cm2/W with a positive sign and self-focusing behavior. Moreover, the third-order susceptibility and the figure of merit were found to be in the order of 10−5 esu and 10−4 esu cm, respectively. The findings of this study provide insight about modified 2D materials and expand the use of MoSe2 nanosheets in photonic devices.