bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Based Locally Low-Rank Enforced Reconstruction for Accelerated Water-Fat Separation.
Authors: Helo Majd , Nickel Dominik , Gatidis Sergios , Küstner Thomas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multi-contrast acquisitions are the basis for accurate water-fat separation. For fat quantification in the liver, insufficient SNR and long acquisition times are main confounding factors. Goal(s): Provide enhanced image quality of individual contrast images to allow water-fat separation using conventional algorithms for accelerated acquisitions. Approach: Joint reconstruction of multiple contrasts using a deep learning-based reconstruction that performs regularization in a locally transformed contrast domain. Results: The proposed method yielded contrasts with PSNR = 34.85 dB and SSIM = 0.94 , showcasing its superiority over the conventional reconstruction technique (PSNR = 31.28, SSIM = 0.86) when applied to a challenging low-field MRI scenario. Impact: Combining iterative DL-based reconstruction with LLR regularization not only allows to accelerate multi-contrast acquisitions but also yields images with high SNR for accurate fat fraction quantification. The approach has the potential to translate established liver fat quantification to low-field MRI.
Non-contrast Time-resolved 4D MR Angiography Reconstruction using Compressed Sensing with Sparsity Regularization and Subspace Modeling
Authors: Hong Linzheng , Wang Dong , Xie Jun , Qi Haikun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: ASL-based non-contrast enhanced (non-CE) time-resolved 4D MRA is a promising approach in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, however, it suffers from low SNR and insufficient spatial and temporal resolution. Goal(s): Our goal was to enhance the quality of 4D non-CE MRA and diminish artifacts. Approach: This study proposed a novel reconstruct method combining the angiography sparsity and subspace modeling on data acquired by golden-angle stack-of-stars radial pulse sequence. Results: The performance of the proposed method was compared with NUFFT, conventional GRASP and the state-of-the-art GRASP-pro reconstructions. The results suggest that the proposed method improves the image quality of the 4D ASL-based non-CE MRA. Impact: The proposed reconstruction method can produce 4D non-CE MRA with high spatial-temporal resolution.
High Resolution Pyruvate-Lactate Metabolic Measurement by Hyperpolarized 13C MR Fingerprinting Acquisition with Low Rank Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Charlie , Bennett Anna , Sahin Sule , Sinha Avantika , Liu Xiaoxi , Larson Peder
Published: November 2024

Motivation: T1 of hyperpolarized Carbon-13 (HP-13C) molecules results in limited data acquisition period. In conventional imaging approaches, this results in sacrifices in imaging resolution, which leads to limited sensitive and interpretability of results. Goal(s): Combine efficient MR fingerprinting based acquisition with spatiotemporal low-rank constraint for accelerated high resolution metabolic imaging. Approach: bSSFP-type MRF acquisition was reconstructed iteratively with low-rank temporal constraint derived from HP-13C signal model. Method was assessed in digital phantom, retrospective, and prospective preclinical rat kidney. Results: Strong undersampling capacity was observed in simulation and retrospective studies. Preclinical experiment with 20-fold smaller voxel volume showed reasonable results. Impact: Improved resolution is a critical prerequisite for clinical utility of HP-13C measurements. The methods shown here demonstrate potential for robust metabolic measurements at order of magnitude higher resolution, and is adaptable for wide range of organ systems and metabolic processes.
Data-consistent super resolution for 3D whole-heart MRI using a motion-corrected deep-learning reconstruction framework
Authors: Phair Andrew , Fotaki Anastasia , Felsner Lina , Fletcher Thomas , Botnar René , Prieto Claudia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Whole-heart CMR with high isotropic spatial resolution involves long and unpredictable scan times. Goal(s): To propose and validate a super-resolution motion-corrected reconstruction framework to enable accelerated high-resolution whole-heart CMR from lower-resolution acquisitions. Approach: Low resolution was treated as a k-space down-sampling problem, enabling the adaptation of an end-to-end motion-corrected iterative deep-learning network reconstruction, previously demonstrated for undersampled whole-heart CMRA. Results: High-resolution whole-heart images (1.5×1.5×1.5 mm3) were obtained from prospective low-resolution data (1.5×6×6 mm3) using the proposed Super-MoCo-MoDL framework, with comparable image quality to a high-resolution acquisition. Scan times decreased from ~3.2 to ~1.2 minutes and reconstruction times were clinically feasible, at ~30 seconds. Impact: The proposed Super-MoCo-MoDL framework enables data-consistent 3D whole-heart image reconstruction at high isotropic resolution from lower-resolution anisotropic scans. It has the potential to either accelerate whole-heart CMR, increase the feasibility of high-resolution clinical scanning, or a combination of the two.
A Generalized Inverse Fourier Transformation (GIFT) Approach for Direct Image Reconstruction from Arbitrary K-space Trajectories
Authors: Qiu Maolin , Wan Yuqing , Constable R. Todd
Published: November 2024

Motivation: K-space re-gridding or sampling density compensation is required for image reconstruction with arbitrary K-space trajectory, e.g., in FFT, NUFFT, GFFT, etc. Goal(s): We propose a generalized inverse Fourier transform (GIFT) approach to direct image reconstruction. The reconstruction is continuous in image space. Approach: We generalize continuous Fourier transform to any coordinate systems, arbitrary K-space sampling/trajectory, and arbitrary K-point size and shape. Results: Images were calculated from a spiral k-space trajectory in the 2D Cartesian coordinate system, which we use as examples to demonstrate GIFT's reconstruction flexibility for different resolutions, also within any small, focused region of interest (ROI). Impact: The generalized image reconstruction algorithm apply to both Cartesian and Polar, can be readily used for non-uniform K-space with arbitrary trajectory. Images can be reconstructed with arbitrary resolution also within any small ROIs.
Superior cerebellar peduncle diffusivity differentiates progressive supranuclear palsy from other parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Langley Jason , Hwang Kristy , Goodwin Amanda , Tucker Kelsey , Hu Xiaoping , Huddleston Daniel
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Overlapping clinical symptoms make differential diagnosis of typical and atypical parkinsonian syndromes difficult in the early stages of these diseases. Goal(s): Our goal was to assess atrophy in the superior cerebellar peduncle in progressive supranuclear palsy. Approach: A high-resolution DTI (voxel size=1.1×1.1×1.1 mm3) was used to derive diffusion metrics in the super cerebellar peduncle in a population of typical and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Results: Application of this protocol found measures consistent with superior cerebellar peduncle atrophy (increased MD, decreased FA) in the progressive supranuclear palsy relative to the Parkinson’s disease and multiple systems atrophy- with predominant parkinsonian features groups. Impact: Overlapping clinical features makes differential diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy from other parkinsonian syndromes difficult in the early stages of these diseases. Our demonstration of superior cerebellar peduncle atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy suggests imaging markers may aid differential diagnosis.
Exploring the discrepancy of hippocampal subfield vulnerability and connectivity pattern between cognitive decline in PD and MCI patients
Authors: Wang Na , Wu Pu-Yeh , Liu Xueling
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Different vulnerabilities of hippocampal subfields in PD and MCI have been reported. Goal(s): To explore the discrepancy of hippocampal subfield atrophy and its FC pattern in HC, PDNCI, PDMCI, and MCI patients. Approach: Volume of hippocampal subfields, and FC between impaired subfields and cortical regions were calculated to assess group differences. Results: PD groups had reduced volumes in CA2/3, CA4, and GC-DG subfields and increased FC in the visual network.MCI group exhibited decreased right CA4 volume and increased FC in the widespread visual network.PDMCI displayed enhanced FC in the DMN compared to PDNCI and decreased FC in the visual network relative to MCI. Impact: As cognitive decline advances in PD, FC alterations are prominent between the GC-DG+CA4 subfield and the DMN. Smaller hippocampal subfield and its widespread FC abnormalities in MCI relative to PDMCI may underscore the different progression mechanisms of the two diseases.
Imaging α-synuclein protein aggregation by CEST-MRI for monitoring of synucleinopathies
Authors: Flament Julien , Fenyi Alexis , Bousset Luc , Melki Ronald
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Misfolded proteins that aggregate in the brain are at the root of many neurodegenerative diseases. Goal(s): Our aim was to demonstrate that CEST can distinguish between soluble and aggregated forms, and that it is possible to monitor them in vivo. Approach: We optimized a CEST sequence in vitro on purified forms of α-synuclein and then injected them into the brain of mice to follow their propagation. Results: The CEST signal differ strongly depending on the protein conformation, and longitudinal tracking has enabled us to show that protein aggregates propagate in the brain on a scale of several months. Impact: CEST imaging can distinguish proteins in soluble or aggregated form that are at the root of many neurodegenerative diseases, making it possible to envisage CEST imaging as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for these diseases.
7 Tesla MRI in routine surgical planning for Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: de Buck Matthijs , van der Zwaag Wietske , Wiggerts Yarit , Rijks Niels , Afzali-Hashemi Liza , Caan Matthan , de Bie Rob , van den Munckhof Pepijn , Schuurman P. Richard , Bot Maarten
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Identifying the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be challenging due to the size and double-oblique orientation. Goal(s): To evaluate the influence of 7T T2w-TSE and probabilistic tractography on STN target planning, micro-electrode recordings and motor improvement. Approach: We describe the implementation of 7T T2w-TSE and probabilistic tractography in 182 PD patients undergoing STN DBS at our centre from 2015-2022. Results: Implementation of 7T T2w-TSE for STN DBS enabled a refinement in targeting which can be used as basis for adding probabilistic subthalamic connectivity, in order to enhance clinical outcome of STN DBS. Impact: The extensive evaluation of 360 STNs has not been described previously and shows 7T T2w-TSE and probabilistic tractography can refine STN targeting and surgical efficiency in DBS for PD.
The role of glymphatic system dysfunction in multiple system atrophy and its impact on disease-related pathological changes
Authors: Chen Boyu , Zhang Nana , Jiang Yueluan , MD，PhD Guoguang , Zhang Shenxia , Wang Yuzi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In the central nervous system, the dysfunction of " glymphatic system " potentially hinders α-synuclein clearance. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) as α-synucleinopathy diseases, the glymphatic system not been evaluated. Goal(s): ALPS-index has been proposed as a new techology to evaluate the glymphatic system function. Approach: DTI-ALPS index to evaluate the glymphatic system function. Structural MRI features of each subject were extract. Group comparison, correlation analysis and granger causality test, mediation analysis were performed. Results: MSA patients exhibited lower ALPS-index, and correlated with clinical symptoms and MSA-related neuropathological changes. The causality test indicated the ALPS-index changes may be the primary cause of the structural MRI changes. Impact: Changes in glymphatic system status closely related to disease-related pathological in patients with multiple system atrophy.
Metabolic story of functional connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease- A multimodal imaging perspective.
Authors: Bhat Priyanka , Kumaran S Senthil , Srivastava Achal , Radhakrishnan Divya
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cortical regions are consequential in non-invasive brain stimulation studies in Parkinson’s Disease. It is important to investigate the cortical connectivity and understand the status of cortical networks with respect to the metabolic profile in PD. Goal(s): This study explored the metabolic profile (using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy-MRS) and functional connectivity (resting state functional MRI). Approach: Resting state functional MRI (with 360 dynamics), 3D T1, single voxel 1H-MRS (in bilateral primary motor areas) were assessed in PD and controls. Results: Perturbations in cortico-cortical networks with increased choline metabolites signify loss in neural integrity. Impact: This study explores the cortical connectivity correlates with neural biochemistry. PD related changes in the cortical connectivity could be due to loss in neural integrity in primary motor area. Multimodal studies could lay a groundwork for brain stimulation studies.
Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease patients: A quantitative susceptibility mapping study
Authors: Gao Yian , Zhang QIhao , Zhuang Hangwei , Sui Chaofan , Zhang Nan , Feng Mengmeng , Xin Haotian , Liang Changhu , Guo Lingfei , Guo Lingfei , Guo Lingfei , Wang Yi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Brain iron deposition and analysis of risk factors in cerebral small vessel disease patients with different total cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) scoresGoal(s): Our study compares brain iron deposition in gray matter (GM) nuclei between CSVD patients and healthy controls (HCs), exploring factors that affect iron deposition and cognitive function. Approach: Brain iron load was assessed using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Results: Age, diabetes, and smoking may increase iron deposition in the basal ganglia, associated with cognitive decline. The mean susceptibility values of the neostriatum played a mediating role in the association between hypertension and cognitive scores. Impact: Age, diabetes and smoking history could exacerbate local brain iron deposition. The iron deposition in the neostriatum plays a mediating role in the association between hypertension and executive function.
The effect of long-term strength training on brain metabolism in the elderly: a 7T 1H MRS study
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Scherrer Selin , Egger Sven , Lim Song-I , Lauber Benedikt , Taube Wolfgang , Xin Lijing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The effect of short-term physical activity on brain metabolism has been widely studied in young population, but less is known about metabolic plasticity induced by strength training over a long range among elderly adults. Goal(s): This study examined the modulatory potential of long-term strength training on metabolism in elderly population. Approach: Using 7 tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we assessed concentrations of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), and a number of other metabolites in the sensorimotor cortex. Results: We found that three-months of strength learning significantly reduced lactate levels in the sensorimotor cortex compared to a passive control group. Impact: This study systematically examined brain metabolic plasticity induced by strength training in the elderly population. The reduction in lactate indicates that strength training may facilitate oxidation of lactate to meet increased energy demands for learning.
Characterizing Age- and Region-Dependent Macromolecule Signals in the Brain: A 7T 1H MRS Study
Authors: Nossa Gianna , Liu Xinyu , Xiao Ying , Scherrer Selin , Egger Sven , Lauber Benedikt , Taube Wolfgang , Dydak Ulrike , Xin Lijing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Macromolecular (MM) signals overlap with metabolite signals and hinder accurate quantification of lower concentration metabolites, but MM content differences across age and brain region have remained elusive. Goal(s): This study assesses MM differences linked to specific brain regions and age by analyzing metabolite signals in the M1 and thalamus. Approach: We created age- and region-specific MM basis sets and evaluated quantification differences that arose from using matched and unmatched basis sets on the quantification of normal short-echo time spectra. Results: We found significant differences in metabolite quantification between young and older adults, emphasizing the importance of age-specific MM basis sets for accurate results. Impact: The research highlights the impact of age-related MM differences on metabolite quantification and emphasizes the need for tailored MM basis sets in spectroscopic studies.
Higher iron levels in the older adult brain are linked to higher R2 in gray matter and more white matter hyperintensities
Authors: Yasar Md Tahmid , Bush Ashley , Ayton Scott , Agarwal Puja , Agrawal Sonal , Bennett David , Schneider Julie , Arfanakis Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

Motivation: High iron levels in the brain of older adults have been linked to age-related neuropathologies and cognitive impairment. It is not yet known how iron levels relate to brain MRI characteristics above and beyond the effects of neuropathologies. Goal(s): To investigate the association of brain iron levels with R2 and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) independent of the effects of age-related neuropathologies in community-based older adults. Approach: Ex-vivo MRI, detailed neuropathologic evaluation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were combined in 437 community-based older adults. Results: Higher iron levels are independently associated with higher R2 and WMH levels controlling for other metals and neuropathologies. Impact: We demonstrated that brain iron levels in older adults are associated with higher R2 and WMH independent of age-related neuropathologies and other metals, suggesting the presence of additional mechanisms of iron accumulation.
MRA Derived Cerebral Arterial Flow Features Associated with White Matter Hyperintensity
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Han Yan , Huo Yajing , Yang Zidong , Li Hongwei , Lv Huihui , Wang He
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The morphology of cerebral arteries contributes to the development of white matter hyperintensity (WMH), yet the influence of arterial blood flow on WMH remains unclear. Goal(s): Identify associations of cerebral arterial flow features with WMH. Approach: 2631 individuals were involved. Arterial flow features were obtained using the individual-specific simplified hemodynamic model. WMHs were quantified from T2-FLAIR images. Results: Both increased mean flow rate and pressure were associated with increased WMH volume. Adjacent Lesion Terminal Arterial Branches exhibited greater length, tortuosity, lower mean flow rates and pressure drops. Impact: The hemodynamic features surrounding WMH exhibited significant difference compared to distant arteries. Such morphology and corresponding hemodynamic changes might contribute to the development of WMH.
The hemodynamic and geometric mechanisms of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques formation
Authors: Han Na , Ma Yurong , Ma Laiyang , Wu Chuang , Zheng Yu , Zhang Jing , Ai Kai
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Carotid artery geometry and hemodynamics are considered as potential imaging markers of atherosclerotic plaque formation risk. Goal(s): 4D flow MRI has been widely used in large blood vessels of the heart, with relatively few applications in head and neck blood vessels. Approach: This study, 4D flow MRI was used to evaluate the carotid artery hemodynamics, and the geometric characteristics were fused to explore the hemodynamic and geometric mechanism of carotid plaque formation. Results: The large bifurcation angle and the low tortuosity are geometric risk factors for carotid bifurcation plaque formation. Low PG and low WSS are hemodynamic factors promoting plaque formation. Impact: 4D flow MRI can directly measure very comprehensive hemodynamic parameters in vivo from any direction and angle during different cardiac cycles, and can visualize blood flow direction and status. However, it is not widely accepted in clinical practice.
Altered dynamic functional connectivity and flexibility in type 2 diabetes patients without cognitive decline.
Authors: Jiang Jingqi , Wang Jun , Liu Guangyao , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The dynamic interaction of time changes in the brain to explore the role of T2DM in brain damage and cognitive decline. Goal(s): To investigate how the dynamic network reconfiguration in T2DM patients and the effect of abnormal blood glucose on the internal network of the brain. Approach: Dynamic functional connectivity analyses and multi-layer network analysis were performed to evaluate the nodal flexibility, network stability and temporal variability of network efficiency. Results: The capability to communicate within or between functional networks connectivity and flexibility are impaired in T2DM and linked to blood glucose levels. Impact: This study is the first to investigate brain injury in T2DM patients by integrating dynamic connectivity and topological features. Dynamic functional connectivity could be a useful imaging biomarker to monitor cognitive changes in T2DM in the future.
Gray matter loss and cognitive impairment in lung cancer is associated with blood-brain barrier permeability
Authors: zhang dafu , Ma Huan , cao wenwen , Zhang Zhiping , Ai Jing , Zhang Xiaoyong , Xu Yongzhou , Li Zhenhui
Published: November 2024

Motivation: It is estimated that approximately 30% of cancer patients have detectable cognitive impairment before treatment. Despite these reports of cancer-related cognitive impairment, the mechanisms behind these phenomena remain unclear. Goal(s): To investigate the relationship between blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, cerebral cortex volume, and cognitive dysfunction in untreated lung cancer (LC) patients with non-brain metastases. Approach: 3D anatomical imaging and DCE-MRI imaging were performed. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: We observed an association between BBB leakiness and altered brain structure and cognitive function. Impact: These findings also suggest that BBB damage may be one of the mechanisms contributing to cognitive impairment in lung cancer patients.
Exploring the Application of Gradient Field Strength in Enhancing Motion Encoding for Whole-Brain MRE Images
Authors: Wang Shuai , Liu Chenyue , Liu Congcong , Ai Kai , Li Xianjun , Wang Miaomiao , Yang Jian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Enhancing the propagation efficiency of shear waves in deep tissues, improving the sensitivity of motion-sensitive sequences to small shear wave displacements, optimizing inversion algorithms can enhance the quality of MRE images and increase the reliability of the results. Gradient strengt is one of the important factors affecting MRE images quality. Goal(s): The aim of this study is to investigate the role of gradient field strength in whole-brain MRE images. Approach: Keeping other parameters constant, varying the gradient strength of MRE yields parameter maps that are quantitatively compared. Results: Increasing the gradient field strength appropriately can enhance the motion encoding of whole-brain MRE images. Impact: Appropriate gradient field strength settings contribute to improving the quality of MRE images and enhancing the reliability of results
The effect of total sleep deprivation on brain activity in medical staff during routine clinical work: A resting-state functional MR imaging study
Authors: Peng Cong , Guo Dingbo , Liu Liuheng , Xiao Dongling , Nie Lisha , Liang Huilou , Yang Hua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Understanding the neuropathological mechanisms through which total sleep deprivation (TSD) leads to cognitive impairments is crucial for developing effective cognitive protection strategies and treatment measures. Goal(s): Assess the effects of TSD on the brain functioning of medical staff. By investigating the impact of TSD on the brain, we aim to gain insights into the specific changes that occur and their potential implications for cognitive performance. Approach: Thirty-six primary medical staff were enrolled, and each participant underwent resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) to assess brain activity patterns. Results: Our findings revealed significant enhancements in rs-fMRI features across multiple brain regions following sleep deprivationImpact: Enhanced rs-fMRI features might be potential imaging biomarkers for distinguishing between RW and TSD states. Such distinctions can contribute to early detection and intervention, ultimately improving the management of sleep deprivation-related cognitive impairments among medical staff.
Resting-State fMRI in Radiologists with Night Shift–Related Sleep Deprivation: A Regional Homogeneity Study
Authors: Li Xin , Qin Yue , Wang Lei , Niu Wei , Li Xiaoshi , Qian Yifan , Wang Shaoyu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A growing body of research focuses on the impact of night shifts and fatigue on radiologists' diagnostic accuracy. Goal(s): This study investigates the changes in local brain activity and their association with low-level basal cognitive functions (e.g., alertness) in radiologists following night shift–related sleep deprivation (SD). Approach: Regional homogeneity (ReHo) variability was calculated to reflect the characteristics of brain activity. Results: The ReHo values changed in some brain regions after seven days of rest after a night shift. Impact: The results of this study can be the basis for radiologists to advocate for effective countermeasures to deal with the adverse consequences of SD.
Test-retest reliability of cerebral blood flow for assessing brain activity in a single day
Authors: Guo Bowen , Mao Tianxin , Rao Hengyi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Test-retest reliability of human activity in a single day has not yet been elucidated. Goal(s): To determine the reliability of ASL perfusion MRI within a single day and determine the diurnal impact on the test-retest reliability of fMRI. Approach: Participants were scanned at six time points in a day, during resting-state and Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Results: The study revealed a higher test-retest reliability for task-based CBF compared to resting-state, with a notable diurnal decline in reliability at 20:00, and showed a decline with time intervals. Impact: These findings underscore the importance of accounting for diurnal variations when designing functional MRI studies to ensure reliable and reproducible results, especially suggest avoiding nighttime data collection.
Brain electro/hydrodynamic drive of vasomotor waves inverts locally in NREM sleep.
Authors: Väyrynen Tommi , Helakari Heta , Kiviniemi Vesa
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Vasomotor waves increase in sleep but their causal impact on brain electrical activity and hydrodynamics is not understood. Goal(s): We wanted to find out what is driving sleep related glymphatic solute transport. Approach: We used multimodal 3D whole brain MREG, dcEEG and waterNIRS simultaneously to find out what VLF < 0.1 Hz pulsation is driving the other(s). Results: In sleep the normal causal electro/hydrodynamic drive of the vasomotor BOLD waves reverses locally near upper parasagital and deeper structures. Impact: The driver of the increase brain solute transport in human sleep has been unknown. In out ultrafast multimodal MREG study, we show significant reversals in the causal drive of vasomotor waves locally.
Joint PET-MRI Reconstruction with Diffusion Stochastic Differential Model
Authors: Xie Taofeng , Cui Zhuoxu , Liu Congcong , Luo Chen , Wang Huayu , Zhang Yuanzhi , Wang Xuemei , Zhou Yihang , Jin Qiyu , Chen Guoqing , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Wang Haifeng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: PET suffers from a low signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, the k-space data acquisition process in MRI is time-consuming by PET-MRI systems. Goal(s): We aim to accelerate MRI and improve PET image quality. Approach: This paper proposed a novel joint reconstruction model by diffusion stochastic differential equations based on learning the joint probability distribution of PET and MRI. Results: Compare the results underscore the qualitative and quantitative improvements our model brings to PET and MRI reconstruction, surpassing the current state-of-the-art methodologies. Impact: Joint PET-MRI reconstruction is a challenge in the PET-MRI system. This studies focused on the relationship extends beyond edges. In this study, PET is generated from MRI by learning joint probability distribution as the relationship.
Measurement of B1+ Field Map Using Composite 90° RF Pulse for Quantitative Sodium MRI
Authors: Jung Kwan-Jin , Fang Hsin-Yu , Wilund Kenneth
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The quantitation of sodium MRI depends on the reference tubes located near the inner surface of the RF coil. Hence, the RF flip angle at the reference tubes could be off from the intended 90°, which will result in inaccurate quantitation. Goal(s): To develop an MR sequence to measure the RF field map while maintaining the short echo time of UTE and sensitivity of 90° excitation. Approach: A composite 90° RF pulse was chosen and implemented into a 3D UTE sequence. Results: The flip angle map was measured with enough sensitivity and accuracy, which was used in more accurate sodium quantitation. Impact: The composite 90° RF pulse can be easily added to an existing 3D UTE sequence, and it has the advantage of short echo time and sensitivity. The measured RF field map will be essential for an accurate sodium quantitation.
Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography and MRI (PET-MRI) with [18F]FDG for identifying musculoskeletal pain generators: Early experience
Authors: Mostert Jacob , Oei Edwin , Ananta Michael , Muradin Galied , Huygen Frank , de Vos Cecile , Bos Pieter , Biswal Sandip , van der Heijden Rianne
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Chronic low back pain (LBP) and persistent hip pain after total hip replacement (THR) are often inadequately treated since conventional imaging techniques as CT or MRI are unable to accurately identify the source of pain in these patients. Goal(s): To evaluate the clinical value of [18F]FDG PET-MRI for identification of pain generators in LBP and hip pain after THR. Approach: Randomized controlled trial with either [18F]FDG PET-MRI or standard clinical practice. Results: [18F]FDG PET-MRI can reveal previously unidentified pain generators in patients with chronic LBP or persistent hip pain after THR, leading to more changes in clinical management compared to standard clinical care. Impact: [18F]FDG PET-MRI in patients with chronic low back pain or persistent pain after total hip replacement can reveal previously unidentified pain sources. PET-MRI led to more changes in clinical management than in patients receiving standard clinical care.
Comparison of neurochemical quantification at 3T vs. 7T with an advanced MRS protocol under the same physiological status
Authors: Park Young Woo , Deelchand Dinesh , Joers James , Kumar Anjali , Alvear Alison , Moheet Amir , Seaquist Elizabeth , Öz Gülin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: As more clinical MRS studies migrate from 3T to 7T, comparing neurochemical quantification under the same physiological status is of interest. Goal(s): Our goal was to investigate whether there are systematic biases in neurochemical concentrations obtained with the identical advanced MRS protocol on 3T vs. 7T. Approach: Seventeen participants underwent an advanced MRS protocol at 3T and 7T during euglycemic clamps. Results: While most of the mean metabolite levels were comparable at 3T vs. 7T, a few metabolites displayed systematic differences, notably gamma-aminobutyric acid, glucose, taurine and phosphoethanolamine. Utilizing total creatine ratios did not alleviate but exacerbated the biases. Impact: Water referenced MRS quantification results in similar neurochemical profiles at 3T vs. 7T, with the exception of a few important metabolites. Selection of the magnetic field for a clinical study should depend on the metabolite-of-interest.
qDC-CNN: Model-based deep learning image reconstruction with a pixel-wise fitting network for accelerated quantitative MRI
Authors: Fujita Naoto , Yokosawa Suguru , Shirai Toru , Terada Yasuhiko
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Pixel-wise fitting networks are robust to error and enhance quantitative MRI (qMRI) over classical fitting. Combining them with qMRI reconstruction can achieve high performance in accelerated qMRI. Goal(s): We propose qDC-CNN, combining a pixel-wise fitting network with an unrolled reconstruction network, improving qMRI reconstruction performance. Approach: We simulated multi-slice multi-echo data using the Brainweb database, comparing five models with different reconstruction and parameter fitting networks. Results: qDC-CNN provided the highest-quality image reconstructions among all tested models. Impact: The exceptional reconstruction performance of qDC-CNN, which combines a pixel-wise fitting network with an unrolled reconstruction network, has broad applications in accelerating various quantitative MRI tasks, offering superior results and potential advancements in medical imaging and beyond.
Acceleration of multi-echo high resolution brain imaging using variable-density sampling and patch-based regularization framework
Authors: Mangal Jyoti , Tripp Donovan , Botnar Rene , Prieto Claudia , Carmichael David
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Long acquisition times facilitate the acquisition of high resolution multiparametric maps at 7T, however long scan times can lead to motion artefacts even with accelerated k-space sampling. Goal(s): Our goal is to reduce acquisition time and reduce motion artefacts using variable-density sampling. Approach: We use the variable-density-cartesian-trajectory (VD-CASPR) to retrospectively undersample the k-space of fully-sampled multi-echo GRE data in spiral-like interleaves for acceleration factors 6, 8 and 10. HDPROST regularisation framework is used to reduce motion artefacts taking advantage of the multiple echoes by patch-based denoising. Results: HDPROST enables greater acceleration potential taking avantage of the information redundancy and incoherent aliasing across echoes. Impact: This work demonstrates a reconstruction technique that may allow for faster high-resolution quantitative mapping which may be beneficial for a range of neurological applications, especially in the identification and characterization of small scale brain architecture and its alteration in pathology.
Implementing Deep learning MRI reconstruction on a RISC-V Hardware Accelerator
Authors: Deveshwar Nikhil , Desai Sohum , Shao Yakun Sophia , Larson Peder
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Deep Learning MRI reconstruction requires access to high-performance compute hardware (GPUs) but reconstruction times can still remain slow. Goal(s): Use domain specific hardware accelerators to speed up deep learning MRI reconstruction compared to classic CPU/GPU implementations. Approach: We use an open source SoC design and simulation framework, Chipyard, and a neural network accelerator, Gemmini, to run inference on a pretrained MRI reconstruction network. The results are measured on FireSim, an FPGA simulation framework. Results: Simulated inference times of pretrained models on Gemmini are much faster compared to CPU and show similar image quality metrics compared to the inference run on a GPU. Impact: Shows the potential of developing custom compute hardware designed to accelerate deep learning MRI reconstruction.
The value of Multiplex MRI in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian lesions with O-RADS MRI Score 3-5
Authors: Li Haijiao , Cao Kun , Xue Ke , YANG YuXin , Sun Yingshi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian lesions is challenging and crucial. Thus new technologies is in need. Goal(s): To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of Multiplex MRI (MTP) in differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian lesions with O-RADS MRI score 3-5. Approach: The quantitative MTP parameters before and after enhancement were compared between benign and malignant groups, and ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the quantitative parameters and diagnostic models. Results: The MTP MRI emerges as a valuable tool in differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian lesions with O-RADS Score 3-5 and could provide additional diagnostic value than ADC. Impact: MTP MRI can provide multiple quantitative parameters from a single scan. Our study found that MTP MRI yielded good performance in differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian lesions. The utility of MTP in diagnosis of ovarian lesion worth more investigation.
The feasibility of synthetic MRI using T1- and T2-mapping for the characterization of endometrial cancer.
Authors: Russo Luca , Zormpas-Petridis Konstantinos , Ficociello Luana , D'Erme Luca , Bottazzi Silvia , Fanfani Francesco , Gui Benedetta , Sala Evis
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study seeks to refine diagnostic precision for endometrial cancer, addressing the need for non-invasive biomarkers to improve preoperative assessment and risk stratification. Goal(s): To evaluate the feasibility of synthetic MRI using T1-, T2- and proton density(PD) mapping for characterization, reflecting underlying tumor biology. Approach: A pilot study with twenty patients using a 2D fast-spin-echo multi-saturation-delay multi-echo sequence to acquire synthetic MRI data, with analysis of T1, T2, and PD metrics compared with histopathological findings. Results: The preliminary results suggest differences in T1 relaxation times between endometrioid vs. non-endometrioid subtype and low vs. high grade, suggesting a correlation with histopathological architecture of tumors. Impact: If confirmed in larger studies, our results could adjust the approach to preoperative planning, allowing non-invasive depiction of tumor characteristics. This opens the door to personalized surgical strategies and streamline the decision-making process for adjuvant therapies, directly benefiting patient care.
Application of Time-dependent Diffusion MRI for Evaluation of Differentiation Grades in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Meng Tiebao , Liu Huiming , He Haoqiang , Xie Chuanmiao , He Ni , Zhang Jialu , Zhang Weijing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Differentiation grade is an important pathological risk factor associated with metastasis and prognosis in cervical cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the possibility of using OGSE to evaluate differentiation grades in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) before treatment. Goal(s): The primary goal is to investigate the feasibility of evaluating differentiation grades in CSCC with OGSE, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision and prognostic insights. Approach: Through an innovative OGSE method, this study explores key parameters for assessing differentiation grades in CSCC, contributing to noninvasive diagnostic methodologies. Results: The study reveals significant differences in cellularity and fin between well/moderately and poorly differentiated CSCC grades. Impact: This time-dependent diffusion approach provides a new direction for noninvasively differentiating grades in CSCC.
The value of APT combined with mDIXON-Quant imaging in predicting lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer
Authors: ZHANG SHUO , TIAN SHIFENG , LIU AIlian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: According to the literature, the 5year survival rate of early cervical cancer patients with LNM positive is only about 65%, which is lower than that of patients with LNM negative. Goal(s): Evaluate the lymph node status before operation. Approach: The APT, R2* and T2* values were measured by doctors with two years experience in imaging diagnosis. KS test was used to test the normality of the data, and independent sample T test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: APT and mDixon-Quant multi-parameter imaging are helpful to predict the lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. Impact: APT and mDixon-Quant multi-parameter imaging are helpful to predict lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer, to make clinical decisions and to improve the prognosis of patients.
Efficacy for asymmetric Fast 3D wheel technique on female pelvic MRI on contrast enhanced 3D T1-weighted image
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Ohno Yoshiharu , Yamamoto Kaori , Yazawa Natsuka , Tozawa Ikki , Ikedo Masato , Yui Masao , Nagata Hiroyuki , Nomura Masahiko , Ozawa Yoshiyuki
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Fast 3D Wheel with Sequential filling and Asymmetric Fourier imaging (Fast 3Dwsa) which is one of the k-space based acceleration techniques can improve image quality and acquisition time. Goal(s): The goal was to determine the utility of contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted image with Fast 3Dwsa on female pelvic MRI as compared with conventional parallel imaging (PI) and compressed sensing (CS). Approach: Quantitative and qualitative indexes for image quality improvement and reducing acquisition time were statistically compared among all methods. Results: Quantitative and qualitative indexes of Fast 3Dwsa was significantly better than that of PI and CS (<0.05). Impact: Fast 3Dwsa is considered as useful for image quality improvement with reducing acquisition time on female pelvic MRI, when compared with conventional PI as well as CS.
Investigating the Feasibility of Upright 0.5T MR Defaecating Proctography: initial results reveal potential for clinical assessments.
Authors: Sobhan Rashed , Glover Paul , Gowland Penny , Munyal Rahul , Mougin Olivier , Clarke Christopher
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Pelvic floor assessments using X-ray proctography involve ionising radiation and only image the posterior compartment. Conventional supine-MR defaecography lacks in sensitivity as it fails to replicate the physiological position of defaecation. Upright-MR avoids ionising radiation and allows defaecography in sitting position whilst visualising all pelvic compartments. Goal(s): To image defaecation using upright scanner with optimised acquisition and assess its feasibility for clinical defaecography. Approach: Upright scanner with purpose-built commode coil and optimised HASTE acquisition were used to capture pelvic floor changes during defaecation in sitting position. Results: Structural and functional images were satisfactory for qualitative and quantitative clinical assessments−performed by two experienced Radiologists. Impact: Our upright 0.5T scanner with purpose-built RF commode coil and optimised HASTE acquisition will enable Radiologists to identify anatomical and functional abnormalities in pelvic floor disorders. The technique shows potential to be a compatible alternative to X-ray Proctography.
Characterising placental contractions
Authors: Gowland Penny , Turnbull Amy , Hutchinson George , Dewick Louise , Li Ruizhe , Bradley Chris , Chen Xin , Figueredo Grazziela , Stockwell Simon , Ramesh Divya , Dellschaft Neele , Walker Kate , Jones Nia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We have previously observed placental contractions and now want to charcterise them further. Goal(s): To characterise placental contractions (frequency, amplitude and length) in normal pregnancy. Approach: Dynamic respiratory gated multislice EPI scans acquired for 30 minutes across the pregnant uterus, analyzed by automatic segmentation. Results: Placental contractions lasting several minutes and sometimes causing very large changes in placental volume, were found in every woman studied. Impact: Further work will investigate the function of contractions and whether they are altered in compromised pregnancies.
Late-term Prenatal MRI for Evaluating Maternal Changes and their Correlation with Supine Hypotension Syndrome for Cesarean Section
Authors: Ma Rui , Sun TaoTao , Qu Feifei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Effectively preventing supine hypotension syndrome (SHS) is difficult due to the lack of sufficient in vivo abdominal MRI data. Goal(s): This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the changes in the quantitative parameters of maternal MRI in late pregnancy to identify potential predictors of SHS. Approach: By examining late-term prenatal MRI scans, we observed changes in several quantitative parameters. Results: The abdominal–right uterine surface area ratio, dural sac anteroposterior diameter, ratio of epidural space anteroposterior diameter to dural sac, anteroposterior diameter, and left and right vertebral vein short-axis measurements were found to be helpful in determining SHS. Impact: Late-term prenatal MRI can fully display the changes in maternal structure, providing a method for preoperative prediction of SHS after anesthesia.
Assessing Automated Vessel Segmentation Techniques of Feto-Placental Vasculature from MRI
Authors: Chappell Joanna , Sokolska Magdalena , Aughwane Rosalind , Clark Alys , Ourselin Sebastien , David Anna , Melbourne Andrew
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Placental insufficiency is a factor that contributes to multiple pregnancy complications such as Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR). Goal(s): Providing better understanding to clinicians is important for future treatment planning and automatic detection of the feto-placental vasculature from imaging may provide a tool to guide clinical assessment. Approach: This work compared the Frangi filter and an edge-based detection algorithm abilities to automatically identify feto-placental vasculature from MRI. Results: The study found that both methods identified likely vascular structures, and both showed spatial trend similarities when compared with gold-standard/high resolution Micro-CT, as well as a showing differences between FGR and Control vessel segmentations. Impact: Evaluating the most accurate method for automatically identifying feto-placental vasculature will go on to further aid quantifying placental insufficiency and improving understanding for predicting and clinically treating conditions such as fetal growth restriction.
Repeatability of Cervix Restriction Spectrum Imaging Outputs in Healthy Cervix
Authors: Sawhney Jayden , Batasin Summer Joyce , Truong Thien , Ebrahimi Sheida , Rodriguez-Soto Ana , Rakow-Penner Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The American College of Radiology advocates the integration of DW-MRI in the assessment and post-treatment monitoring of cervical cancer. Restriction Spectrum Imaging (RSI) is an advanced diffusion model which has the potential to separate active malignancy from post treatment changes. Goal(s): Investigate the repeatability of cervix-specific RSI outputs (C1, C2, C3) in healthy cervix. Approach: Performed ‘test’ and ‘retest’ scans of a multi-shell diffusion sequence on nine subjects. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for each C-compartment. Results: C1 showed poor agreement, while C2 and C3 showed high agreement. Impact: Cervix-specific RSI outputs C2 and C3 showed high agreement, making steps towards repeatable DW-MRI associated biomarkers. Ensuring their repeatability is crucial for their practical application in clinical settings.