bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a Microstrip Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR) with Enhanced Bandwidth
Authors: Shaaban Nadine Adnan , Jawad Ghassan Nihad
Published: July 2024

A compact microstrip six-port reflectometer (SPR) with extended bandwidth is proposed in this paper. The design is based on using 16-dB multi-section coupled line directional couplers and a multi-section 3-dB Wilkinson power divider operating from 1 to 6 GHz. The proposed SPR employs only two calibration standards: a matched load and an open load. As compared to other dielectric substrates, fabricating the proposed SPR involves using a low-cost (FR4) substrate. A novel algorithm is also proposed to estimate the complex reflection coefficient over the frequency ranges at which the standard performance of the circuit components is not fully satisfied. The new algorithm is based on the circles’ intersection points, which have been derived from basic SPR equations, to estimate the complex reflection coefficient. To validate the SPR performance, a multiband microstrip patch antenna has been measured and the resulted reflection coefficient is compared with those obtained using a vector network analyzer (VNA). Results show that the proposed SPR provides a good estimation of the complex reflection coefficient within the frequency range of 1 GHz to 8 GHz. Owing to its compact size and ease of fabrication, the proposed reflectometer is suitable for various microwave broadband applications.
The Effect of Brand Awareness on Decisive Customer Intention and Purchase Behavior of Shopee Gen Z Customers
Authors: Hutabarat Francis
Published: July 2024

The pervasive influence and evolution of social media continue to reshape societal dynamics. Accordingly, the current study endeavors to scrutinize whether brand awareness (BA), brand knowledge (BK), and brand preference (BP) serve as independent variables influencing customer intention (CI), with Purchase Decision (PD) serving as the dependent variable with CI as mediating factor in the relationship between BA, BK, BP, and PD. Against the backdrop of the Shopee marketplace, the study was conducted through a survey targeting Shopee customers specifically generation Z or millennials who had a history of purchasing or frequent platform usage in West Java, Indonesia. The quantitative dataset was compiled from responses provided by 91 participants, employing purposive sampling technique, the collected data were subjected to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software for analysis. The outcomes indicated that BA and BK had insignificant effects on CI and PD. Conversely, BP demonstrated a significant and positive influence on customer intention and purchase decision. Moreover, the analysis revealed that CI acts as a significant mediator between BP and purchase decision. Thus, leveraging social media can augment brand preference, with an associated increase in customer intention leading to heightened purchase decisions. These findings furnish valuable insights to businesses, aiding them in making informed decisions regarding the selection of the most suitable social media strategy.
Agency Work in Employment of the Late 19th ‒ Early 20th Century: Historical Patterns and National Characteristics
Authors: Rudenko Galina , Dolzhenkova Yuliya , Chub Anna
Published: July 2024

The article examines the historical prerequisites for the creation of labor exchanges in France, Germany, and Russia in the period from 1870s to 1930s. It was determined, that the French revolutionary proletariat has initiated agency activity in the labor market to protect its rights. In Germany, the competitive relationships between private entrepreneurs and public unions effectively facilitated the solvation of the unemployment problems. The situation on Russian labor market required active agency work in employment by 1915. As a response an extensive network of labor exchanges, exchange artels of labor and employment bureaus was established. It had a great success in manage of labor supply and demand within the new economic policy (NEP) period.
Development of the Islamic System of Protection of Traditional Human Rights Based on the Principle of Legal Inclusion
Authors: Albutif Mohammed , Ashurbekova Albina , Mirzoyan Maria , Romanov Eduard , Zinnurov Azamat
Published: July 2024

The article covers the issues of the development of the Islamic system for the protection of human rights and the mechanisms that mediate it. The article was prepared on the basis of an analysis of regional regulatory legal acts and using systemic-structural, formal-legal and historical methods. The study is based on the principles of legal inclusion in the system of human rights protection, according to which regional human rights systems should be positively perceived by the world community, regardless of the specifics of the dominant legal system. The role of regional human rights systems in the universal provision of human rights is shown, the genesis of the Islamic mechanism for the protection of human rights is traced.
Господарсько-цінні ознаки, їх рівень та кореляційні зв’язки у потомствах гібридних популяцій сої
Authors: Білявська Л. Г.
Published: July 2024

У статті представлено рівень господарсько-цінних ознак і кореляційні зв’язки у потомствах різних гібридних популяцій сої. Створення сортів із залученням вихідного матеріалу сої (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) з високим генетичним потенціалом урожайності та адаптивними властивостями потрібує використання сучасних методів селекції з відповідним рівнем господарсько-цінних ознак. Сучасні методи оцінки і добору селекційних зразків дозволяють контролювати господарсько-цінні ознаки та їх прояв. Створені гібриди F1, як вихідні форми гібридних популяцій відрізняються продуктивністю і визначальними її елементами структури врожаю. Селекційний процес спрямований на пошук гетерозисних форм з використанням генетичної детермінації селекційно-значущих ознак і визначенням їх генотипової структури мінливості. Метою наших досліджень було визначення господарсько-цінних ознак та кореляційних звʼязків між ними у потомстві гібридних популяцій сої. Польові дослідження проводили (2006–2019 рр.) на дослідному полі Полтавської державної аграрної академії. Грунт – чорнозем опідзолений, попередник – пшениця озима. Об’єкт досліджень – гібридні комбінації F1. Тестерами були сорти Аметист і Алмаз, які найбільш пристосовані до умов Полтавщини. Досліджували п’ять сортів, які за високого рівня урожайності є носіями більш вираженого значення складових елементів продуктивності (кількість бобів, кількість вузлів, кількість насінин, маса 1000 насінин, маса насіння з рослини) – це українські сорти: Агат, Романтика, Краса Поділля, Альтаїр та китайський – Мяо-ян-доу. У потомстві відокремлені рослини з високим значенням господарсько-цінних ознак, які у 2–5 разів перевищували середньо популяційне значення (висота нижнього бобу, кількість на рослині гілок, маса бобів з насінням, маса 1000 насінин, кількість насіння з рослини), які становили групу добору у наступних поколіннях. Визначена кореляційна залежність, їх сила і направленість між ознаками, які істотно впливають на продуктивність рослини. Виявлені закономірності дозволяють цілеспрямовано вести селекцію на покращення ознак продуктивності рослин сої у потомстві міжсортових гібридів Аметист / Краса Поділля, Bravella / Білоснежка / Альтаїр. На основі кращих рослин створено групи добору, які слугували вихідним матеріалом для подальших селекційних доборів.
Інноваційний напрямок комплексного використання відходів дріжджового виробництва та біопрепарату «Радород» в процесі компостування листяного опаду
Authors: Пасенко А. В. , Солошич І. О. , Дігтяр С. В. , Івасенко Ю. Д.Yu. Ivasenko
Published: July 2024

Проаналізовано сучасні підходи щодо переробки відходів рослинного походження та органічних відходів дріжджового виробництва, які є цінною вторинною сировиною для різних галузей господарства. У роботі запропоновано комплексне використання відходів дріжджового виробництва та біопрепарату «Радород» в технології компостування рослинних відходів. Біопрепарат «Радород» – це біодинамічне добриво, яке виготовляють методом аеробної мезофільної ферментації органічної сировини, відходів тваринництва з додаванням біологічної маси рослинного походження. Встановлено позитивний ефект використання біопрепарату з вмістом актиноміцетів у комплексі з дріжджовими клітинами рідких відходів у співвідношенні 1 : 1 за масою. Синергійний вплив комплексного біоагенту сприяє прискоренню у порівнянні з контролем процесу аеробного окиснення органічної складової під час компостування рослинних відходів. Спостерігається посилення процесів мінералізації рослинного субстрату, підвищення зольності продукту на 22,02–24,87 %. Одночасне застосування біопрепарату «Радород» і дріжджової суспензії як аналога рідких відходів дріжджового виробництва в технології компостування рослинних залишків прискорює у порівнянні з контролем процес аеробного окиснення їх органічної складової, що обумовлено біохімічною активністю мікроорганізмів-біодеструкторів компостного матеріалу, участь яких у процесах мінералізації посилюється під впливом біологічно активних речовин Sacchaгоmyces cereuisiae та змінюється внесенням видів роду Actinomyces біопрепаратом «Радород». Отриманий компост-добриво достатньо мінералізований, збагачений поживними сполуками, і може застосовуватися у сільському господарстві. Запропоноване еколого-технологічне рішення дозволяє комплексно утилізувати відходи різних галузей виробництва, скоротити час дозрівання компосту, забезпечує природну стимулюючу дію на біоагент компостоутворення та отримати якісний продукт для подальшого застосування в агропромисловому комплексі.
Ветеринарно-санітарна оцінка харчових продуктів та продовольчої сировини за показниками якості і безпечності у 2023 році в Житомирській області
Authors: Котелевич В. А. , Пінський О. В. , Гончаренко В. В. , Буднік Т. C.
Published: July 2024

Метою наших досліджень було надати ветеринарно-санітарну оцінку харчовим продуктам і продовольчий сировині за показниками якості і безпечності у 2023 році в Житомирській області. За результатами аналізу звітної документації державних лабораторій ветсанекспертизи на продовольчих ринках Житомирської області встановлено, що у 2023 році спеціалістами оглянуто і проведено 398417 експертиз та виконано 1089937 лабораторних досліджень. Не допущено до реалізації всього: 67,964 т та отримано незадовільних результатів досліджень 7368, в т. ч. 37 туш, 1276 випадків інвазійних та незаразних захворювань, з яких 828 випадків ехінококозу. Основною причиною вибраковки субпродуктів у 2023 році були інвазійні та незаразні захворювання, які значно погіршують їх якість і безпечність після зачистки. З причин інвазійних та незаразних захворювань утилізовано 3,925 т. За показниками якості та безпечності (вміст токсичних елементів, пестицидів, антибіотиків, радіонуклідів з усіх досліджених зразків було виявлено лише перевищення за вмістом 137Cs у дарах лісу, які залишаються найбільш небезпечними. Питома активність 4 проб свіжих грибів у Звягельському районі з 83 досліджених була у межах 657 Бк/кг –756 Бк/кг (за ДР – 2006 не вище 500 Бк/кг) та у Коростенському зі 167 досліджених у 5 пробах (627,2 Бк/кг –942,5 Бк/кг. Вміст 137Cs у 2 зразках сухих грибів з 26 досліджених у Звягельському районі відповідно становив 2709 Бк/кг та 2807 Бк/кг (за ДР-2006 не вище 2500 Бк/кг). Питома активність 2 проб сухих грибів з 32 досліджених у Коростенському районі відповідно становила 2836 Бк/кг та 2777 Бк/кг. Забезпечення населення Житомирської області якісними і безпечними продуктами харчування – це результат кропіткої роботи виробників, посиленого контролю на всіх етапах їх виробництва за вимогами системи НАССР на всьому харчовому ланцюгу «від ферми – до споживача» та посиленого ветеринарно-санітарного інспектування фахівцями Держпродспоживслужби і недопущення до реалізації недоброякісної та шкідливої продукції і продовольчої сировини.
Поширення нематодозів травного тракту в собак на території міста Харків
Authors: Кітіченко А. С. , Мельничук В. В.
Published: July 2024

Вивчення паразитофауни дрібних свійських тварин є актуальним як для ветеринарних фахівців, так і для медичних служб у зв’язку зі значним поширенням інвазійних хвороб, їх здатністю викликати тяжкі патології у м'ясоїдних тварин та небезпекою передачі інвазії людині. Перебуваючи у тісному контакті з людиною, собаки є носіями небезпечних гельмінтозів, вони забруднюють навколишнє середовище яйцями паразитів і становлять потенційну небезпеку як для самих власників, так і для навколишнього середовища. Тому епізоотологічний моніторинг гельмінтозів собак є актуальним напрямом досліджень. Метою досліджень було встановити поширення нематодозів травного тракту у собак різного віку та різних порід на території міста Харків. Роботу виконували в умовах приватної ветеринарної клініки «Довіра» (м. Харків) та на базі лабораторії кафедри паразитології та ветеринарно-санітарної експертизи Полтавського державного аграрного університету (м. Полтава). Встановлено паразитування у собак збудників токсокарозу, токсаскарозу, трихурозу та стронгілідозів органів травлення. У цуценят до 6-місячного віку залежно від породи екстенсивність інвазії відповідно коливалися у межах від 25,7 до 48,2 %, від 6,9 до 23,1 %, від 15,8 до 24,1 % та від 2,0 до 22,6 %. У молодняку собак віком від 6 до 12 міс показники їх інвазованості збудниками токсокарозу, токсаскарозу, трихурозу та стронгілідозів органів травлення становили відповідно 9,2–33,3 %, 3,7–20,4 %, 29,4–36,1 % та 3,7–36,1 %. У собак віком від 1 до 3 років екстенсивність інвазії становила відповідно 1,9–10,7 %, 2,7–15,5 %, 26,4–31,1 % та 1,9–21,4 %, а у собак віком від 3 до 6 років – 0–5,1 %, 1,0–5,9 %, 14,3–17,6 % та 0–10,3 %. У собак старших 6-річного віку показники екстенсивності інвазії за токсокарозу, токсаскарозу, трихурозу та стронгілідозів органів травлення становили відповідно 2,4–8,9 %, 0–4,8 %, 6,3–8,9 % та 0,8–4,8 %. Отримані результати розширяють вже існуючі дані щодо особливостей ураження собак різного віку та породи збудниками нематодозів травного тракту, що дозволить підвищити ефективність проведення діагностичних та лікувально-профілактичних заходів.
Study of physical and mechanical properties of plant fruits on the example of walnut
Authors: Пятак М. Г. , Падалка В. В.
Published: July 2024

Perennial plantations that are zoned in Ukraine allow to obtain high-quality fruits (nuts), which are widely used in the perfumery, pharmaceutical, oil, confectionery and other industries, as well as in the production of feed and feed additives. The known technologies of mass processing of walnut kernels mostly work well with crops that have a spherical or close to spherical external shape. The simplest, but least productive, are primitive manual devices for peeling walnut shells. Despite the simplicity of their design, these devices are inefficient and unsuitable for adjusting their operation to different varieties and physical and mechanical properties of biological fruits. The analysis of the known designs of walnut shell destruction machines and mechanisms showed the need to study the physical and mechanical properties of biological fruits (walnuts), to develop technical recommendations for the design of impact mechanisms to improve the quality of shell destruction and the possibility of their application in mass production technologies. A research methodology was developed, a laboratory setup was manufactured, and experiments were conducted. To determine the strength characteristics, the author designed and manufactured a device. It consists of a lever mechanism and a deforming device. The dimensions and load measurements were carried out according to well-known methods of physical mechanics. The statistical analysis of the results showed the need for in-depth scientific research of the geometric parameters of the design of the working bodies of machines for destroying the walnut shell in the mechanisms of fruit peeling machines, taking into account the quality indicators performance of works with certain conditions of their implementation. We conclude that according to the results of the experiments, there is a fairly high dependence between the geometric dimensions of the walnut fruit at the level of 0.72, 0.57 and 0.49, respectively. The weight of the fruit also depends on its dimensional characteristics, which is logical at the level of 0.6–0.75. The force of critical static fracture has a weak correlation with the dimensional characteristics at the level of 0.3. And it depends little on the plane of its application.
Shared Mechanisms for the Processing of Rhythm in Music and Speech
Authors: Fiveash Anna , Tillmann Barbara
Published: July 2024

The current chapter focuses on potential connections between music and speech rhythm processing. Music and speech share a remarkable number of qualities, including shared acoustic features, temporal and sequence processing, and hierarchical structure building. Studying music and speech rhythm processing together provides broader insights into perception and cognition than when studying each domain separately. This chapter will outline similarities and differences between music and speech rhythm in relation to (1) acoustic elements and their perceptual and cognitive processing; (2) correlational links between the processing of rhythm in both domains; and (3) experimental studies showing effects of music rhythm training on language skills. It will then open out to what these links can suggest for (4) clinical research, and (5) future perspectives for both fundamental and applied research.
Remote Photoplethysmography with Sparse and Efficient Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Vandersickel Nele , Loyens Sofie , Hunčík Tomáš
Published: July 2024

This research introduces a novel technique for optimizing remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) networks through pruning, aiming to create compact yet robust models that operate effectively even with minimal training data. The method emphasizes reducing network complexity without compromising accuracy, specifically tailored for real-time use cases. Experimental findings illustrate that pruned networks achieve comparable performance to their larger counterparts, underscoring their viability for deployment in environments with limited resources.
Photodetector for visible light based on Fe(phen)2(SCN)2 molecule
Authors: Fahim Hayder , Jabbar Hashim , A. Al-Fregi Adil
Published: July 2024

This paper describes a unique method that uses Iron (phen) molecule [phen: 1,10-phenanthroline] placed on a glass substrate to create a photodetector (PD) that is sensitive to visible light as a heterostructure device. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the samples were investigated using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The photosensitivity of the Iron (phen) /glass PD was evaluated at different bias voltages (5, 10, 15, and 20 V) at wavelength of 510 nm. The photosensitivity values were found to be 58.45, 76.82, 84.9, and 87.83, indicating the PD's ability to generate a measurable electrical response to light stimuli in the visible range. Furthermore, the response and recovery times of the Iron (phen)  PD were assessed when exposed to pulsed visible light at a wavelength of 510 nm and bias voltages of 5, 10, 15 and 20 V. The results indicated favorable response and recovery times, suggesting the PD's capability to quickly detect and recover from changes in light intensity. At a bias voltage of 20 V and under illumination with visible light at 510 nm, the Iron (phen) PD demonstrated a maximum current gain of 9.22 and a quantum efficiency (ƞ) of 28.17. These values indicate the PD's ability to amplify the generated electrical current and efficiently convert incident photons into detectable electrical signals. Overall, the fabricated Iron (phen) glass PD exhibited promising photosensitivity, response and recovery times, current gain, and quantum efficiency when exposed to visible light. The findings suggest the potential application of Iron (phen) as a material for visible light photodetection.
A Hybrid method of SWARA and ARAS for ranking of supplier: A case study at PT.Adi Satria Abadi (PT.ASA)
Authors: Ristono Agus , Wahyuningsih Tri , Putro Gunawan Madyono
Published: July 2024

The development of a suggested model for rating suppliers is the goal of this research. In this study, suppliers are rated and ranked using Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA). The suggested approach incorporates both objective and subjective criteria while applying Delphi to a subset of the criteria. In order to test the proposed model in a leather company for actual use, a case study is provided. The model is able to capture all objective and arbitrary criteria in the dynamics of the group of decision-makers when rating suppliers. To help in decision-making, this proposed model includes criteria selection. Because the results of the ranking of suppliers will depend on how accurately the criteria are chosen. The suggested approach produces a workable resolution because it is not sensitive to changes in the parameters
BEING “HINDU” WITHOUT BEING HINDUIZED: THE INDIGENOUS NUAULU IN MALUKU
Authors: I Nyoman Yoga Segara  , Kuckreja Ravinjay
Published: July 2024

Fearing discrimination from the Indonesian government, the Nuaulu tribe in Central Maluku have chosen to declare themselves as “Hindu”. Their ancestral customs are similar to mainstream Hindu beliefs and traditions. However, they lack the Hindu Gods, the Sanskrit mantras and the unifying scripture of the Vedas. What is left is a local indigenous religion. However, their bad experience with being categorized as an ancestral faith (aliran kepercayaan) has led them to be self-declared Hindus. In such a circumstance, Hinduism can either unconditionally accept them despite the lack of evident resemblance, or the Nuaulu tribe can alter their religion’s façade to duplicate crucial Hindu identifiers. This paper questions what it means to be a Hindu, what Hinduization is, and how discriminatory definitions torment indigenous religions.
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN ANCIENT OASIS CITIES - THE CASE OF KSAR LICHIANA IN ALGERIAN DESERT
Authors: Abdelkader Merided
Published: July 2024

The current research aims to determine the extent to which the cities of the ancient oases applied the concepts of sustainability in their planning dimension. To achieve this goal, the theoretical foundations of sustainable urban unit planning are identified, constituting the first part of the study. In the second part, the characteristics of the ancient oasis cities in the Ziban region, in the eastern Algerian desert, are highlighted, taking the city of Lichana as a case study. It then proceeds to analyze its urban principles and explore its planning vocabulary from the perspective of sustainability concepts, forming the final part. The research concludes that the cities of the ancient oases applied the concepts of sustainability early on in their planning dimension, within their three economic, social, and environmental pillars. The study breaks down these concepts by identifying the theoretical foundations of sustainable urban units, then examining the characteristics and planning vocabulary of a specific oasis city, Lichana. This analysis reveals that these ancient oasis cities integrated principles of economic, social, and environmental sustainability from their very conception.
THE IMAGE OF A WOMAN IN FOLKLORE AS A FOLK TRADITION
Authors: Aslanova Gulnara Chingiz
Published: July 2024

This study explores the multifaceted portrayal of women in folklore, focusing on their roles as creators, transmitters, and subjects of oral traditions. Employing a feminist folklore approach, the research aims to elucidate the complex dynamics of gender, power, and representation within folkloric narratives. The methodology combines extensive literature review, comparative analysis of folkloric texts across various Turkic cultures, and critical interpretation informed by feminist theory. The findings reveal that while women's folklore often reflects the dominant patriarchal values, it also serves as a medium for expressing female solidarity, subverting gender norms, and asserting women's agency. The study highlights the significance of women's oral traditions as a vital source for understanding their lived experiences, cultural contributions, and strategies of resistance in maledominated societies. The research contributes to the growing body of feminist folklore scholarship and underscores the importance of integrating women's perspectives into the mainstream folklore discourse. Further research is needed to explore the regional variations, historical transformations, and contemporary adaptations of women's folkloric practices.
Role of Nursing in the Early Detection and Prevention of Stent Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Ferrer Bañolas Lucía
Published: July 2024

Introduction: stent thrombosis is one of the serious complications after coronary angioplasty. It can present with chest pain and electrocardiographic changes or even sudden death and is characterized by angiographic or postmortem evidence of a newly formed thrombus in a previously stented segment and can occur from intraprocedurally to years after implantation. There are several risk factors, both related to the lesion and the procedure, as well as adherence to antiplatelet therapy and personal history. The objective of this case is to present a care plan to detect and prevent stent thrombosis in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Material and methods: an assessment is made through the model of the 14 needs of Virginia Henderson and the care plan is prepared with its respective diagnoses (NANDA), objectives (NOC) and interventions (NIC) with the indicators of results and activities. It will be evaluated using the Likert scale. Results and conclusions: the following diagnoses stand out: decreased cardiac output, ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion and deficient knowledge. Nursing intervenes in the early detection of signs and symptoms that may point us towards stent thrombosis, observing any change immediately, and in its prevention, carrying out health education after angioplasty, highlighting the importance of antithrombotic treatment and in modifying modifiable risk factors.
Photodynamic Inactivation as a Promising Method of Combating Resistant Strains of Staphylococci
Authors: Kvashnina D. V. , Shirokova I. Yu. , Belyanina N. A. , Ivanova O. V. , Stifeev N. V. , Kovalishena O. V. , Syrbu S. A. , Lebedeva N. Sh.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The development of antimicrobial drugs and alternative methods, technologies and means of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is one of the priorities of ensuring the biological safety of the country. Aims. To evaluate the bactericidal activity of tetrapyrrole macroheterocycles (porphyrins) at different light irradiation durations in relation to staphylococci, in vitro. Materials and methods. Studied strains of microorganisms: museum strains of microorganisms – S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. epidermidis ATCC 14990 and antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus (n=18) isolated from clinical biomaterial and from environmental objects in a medical organization. The studied chemical compounds are three different compounds of water-soluble asymmetrically substituted porphyrins containing heterocyclic fragments on the periphery of the porphyrin cycle (residues of benzoxazole, N-methylbenzimidazole and benzothiazole). Results. The activity of all three porphyrin compounds in relation to museum strains of staphylococcus and 77.8% of clinical antibiotic-resistant strains (n=14; 95% CI 20.1-97.5) turned out to be maximal (complete lysis) after 10 minutes of irradiation. Conclusions. The tested tetrapyrrole macroheterocycles (porphyrins) exhibit bactericidal activity against museum and clinical strains of staphylococcus, with different levels of antibiotic resistance, which determines Keywords: antibiotic resistance, water-soluble porphyrin, photodynamic inactivation, photosensitizer, photochemistry, staphylococci No conflict of interest to declare.
Micro-geographies of administration: a wolf in sheep's clothing? The impact of trust on a street-level approach to immigrant integration
Authors: Kotze Shelley , Dymitrow Mirek
Published: July 2024

Increased global migration to welfare states puts pressure on successful integration. Successful integration is broadly associated with entry into the labour market. Therefore, integration is measured through employment. Attempts to increase migrant involvement in the labour market are often made by street-level organisations, where interactions between individuals from the private and/or public sector interact with the migrants. At this microlevel, seemingly innocuous administrative decisions made by individuals working to increase migrant labour integration are often overlooked, yet, as this study shows, have a significant impact on the perceived success of such projects. Using nonparticipant observation, chronological ordering and framework analysis, this paper investigates the dynamics of trust as a critical, yet underplayed dimension of the immigrant integration process within a Swedish street-level organisation. The findings reveal instances of immigrant commodification, exploitation of the project format and lack of cultural awareness, which can disrupt the delicate psychosocial relations at play, without ever being appreciated in official reports. Moreover, the impact of trust further impacts on the micro-geographies of immigrants and the integration process. We conclude that whilst the results of integration efforts should be evaluated at the macro level, the fundamentals of integration are set and often decided upon already at the street level
Türkiye’de 1950-Geç 1980 Yıllar Arası İktisadi Ortam Sanayileşme Davranışı İçinde Mimari Yapı Malzemesi Üretim ve Yaklaşımı
Authors: Sınmaz Ece , Tekin Çiğdem
Published: July 2024

Endüstri 4.0 ile inşaat teknolojileri ve yeni malzeme üretimlerinde önemli değişimler yaşanacaktır. Ulusal sınırlarda inşaat ve yapı malzemesi sektörünün de bu değişimlere uyum sağlayabilmesi uluslararası iş birliği ve rekabet ortamı için gereklidir. Türkiye’nin bu değişimlere katılım sağlayabilmesi, yakın gelecek planlamalarının yapılabilmesi için mevcut yapı malzemesi sektörünün gelişme süreci içindeki yaklaşımının belirlenebilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Yapı malzemesi sektörünün bugünkü yapısının oluşumunda; ülkenin kuruluş tarihi itibari ile iktisadi rejim, yönetim ve kalkınma hedeflerinin önemli katkısı vardır. Bu süreç ve katkının belirlenebilmesi için bu çalışmada özellikle sanayileşme hızının arttığı planlı kalkınma döneminde yapı malzemesi sektörüne ilişkin; yatırım, üretim, kapasite, kalite, standart, teknik ve teknoloji konuları kalkınma planları üzerinden içerik analizi ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın aralığı; 1950 ile geç 1980’li yıllar arasını kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada doküman analizi; içerik ve tematik analiz uygulanarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın birimleri ilk beş Kalkınma planıdır.
Millets for food and health security: A review
Authors: Sharma Aparana , Sandal Anupama
Published: July 2024

Millets are small sized cereal food crops that are mostly native to Asia, especially India. The nutritional composition of these small grained crops has earned them the name of ‘Nutri-cereals’. These belong to ‘Pseudo’ cereals and are a member of the family ‘Poaceae’. In the field, these crops can withstand conditions generated by climate change and off-field their nutritional content helps them fight hunger and other health conditions thereby providing positive effects on health. Millets are rich in both macro and micronutrients, however, their health benefits are more pronounced due to the presence of micronutrients including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The present world is struggling for food. Both, growing food and feeding the population is the biggest challenge, the whole world is facing today. Adverse climatic conditions are continuously challenging the productivity and yield of cereal crops and at the same time hidden hunger, malnutrition, obesity, and other degenerative diseases are affecting a large portion of the population due to unhealthy and non-nutritious food. Millets are a suitable answer to these problems. The present review is an attempt to explore the nutritional aspects of millets which makes it a suitable food option for the world’s population. The benefits of its nutritional composition to support a normal healthy human life are also attempted to discuss health security.
Isolation, characterization and in vitro efficacy of banana phyllospheric bacteria
Authors: Dewada Rahul , Khunt M. D. , Tandel D. H. , Suthar Harish , Bhimani H. D.
Published: July 2024

Phyllospheric bacteria can help in plant-growth promotion by various direct and indirect mechanisms. A total of ten healthy leaf samples were collected randomly from the banana farms located at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. A total of 28 morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were obtained in pure culture from collected samples and screened for their ability to plant growth-promoting parameters under in vitro conditions. Out of these, 14.28%, 14.28%, 28.57%, and 82.14% showed positive biological nitrogen fixation ability, phosphate solubilization, potassium mobilization, and zinc solubilization, respectively. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production was detected in 28.57% of isolates and 21.42% isolates were found positive for siderophore production. All (100%) isolates showed antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum. Further, 78.57%, 39.28%, and 32.14% of isolates showed positive protease, lipase, and amylase secretion, respectively. Based on in vitro screening, the two most potent isolates with multiple plant-growth promoting (PGP) traits were identified by16S rRNA sequencing method, as Priestia megaterium and Pantoea cypripedii. Further, these isolates can be used in banana plant growth promotion as an alternative to synthetic chemicals for sustainable agriculture practices.
Physicochemical and microbiological analysis of the probiotic Kefir beverage
Authors: Raval S. Durga , Bandekar Pooja Ganapati
Published: July 2024

The best prebiotics to increase the amount of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract have been the subject of extensive research. The goal of the current study was to ascertain how adding ragi flour and barnyard flour as prebiotics would affect the characteristics of various probiotic strains in kefir as well as their ability to survive cold storage. The addition of ragi flour and barnyard flour did not influence the chemical parameters but the viability of probiotic strains increased or remained unchanged during storage. In addition to that the biochemical properties are also enhanced due to the presence of Prebiotics. The control sample and T1, T2, and T3 experimental samples were developed and analyzed their proximate composition. The results indicated that the control sample had 11.73 % of protein. The protein content of kefir beverages (T1, T2 and T3) varied from 12.63 % to 13.33 %. The control sample had 2.79 % of fat. The fat content of experimental products ranged from 2.43 % to 2.87%. The T3 sample had the highest fat content compared to the rest of the formulations. Dietary fiber was very low in the control sample and it ranged from 2.75 % to 3.08 % in experimental products. The control sample exhibited the highest carbohydrate content 85.47 %, and the experimental products exhibited a carbohydrate content ranging from 81.12 % to 82.06 %. The proximate values were significantly different (P < 0.05). The control and experimental products were subjected to sensory analysis, and results indicated that the experimental product T3 got the highest score for appearance compared to T1 and T2. The sensory score for flavor for T3 (8.24 ± 0.55) and control (8.72 ± 0.37) was more consistent compared to the remaining two products. The taste, texture, and overall acceptability of T3 was more consistent with control samples compared to T1 and T3. The experimental product T3 was superior in terms of appearance, flavor, taste, consistency, and overall acceptability compared to other formulations. The physiochemical analysis showed that kefir contains a good amount of phenolic compounds as well and it also has great antioxidant activity this factor makes the kefir a great probiotic drink with a lot of health benefits.
Data on the dynamics of the fortification construction of the Baitovo culture in the context of the traditions of defensive architecture among the population of the early iron age of the forest-steppe Trans-Ural
Authors: Berlina SvetlanaV. ,   Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia, Tsembalyuk Svetlana I. ,   Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia
Published: July 2024

The article analyses remains of the Baitovo Culture fortifications in the focus of archaeological research. These remains are dated back to the early Iron Agee and situated in the Transural forest-steppes. Previously determined stages of the culture development (early to late 7th – 6th century BC and late 5th – 3rd century BC) are relied on to analyse and restore the walls that used to fringe the settlements. The study reviews the shapes, depth and water levels in the moats at Maray5, Likhachevskoe and Borovushka2 hillforts. The research suggests that the settlements used to be fortified with a stakewall at the bottom of the moat. Likhachevskoe hillfort had its gate towers restored. The researched Baitovskoe, Staro-LybaevoII and Bochanetskoe hillforts allow to conclude that even later on the early Iron Age settlements preserved the tradition of erecting compact stakewalls or wattles at the bottom of moats. However, this as when the Baitovo culture people started to erect fortifications with deeper moats and higher walls (Bolshoy Imbiryay3, Maray1 hillforts). This is evident of increasingly more substantial defence of the settlements. The studied Sargat and Gorokhovo culture fortifications peaked in 3rd – 2nd century BC. The comparison reveals that on one hand people kept opting for simple stakewall structures or wattlers to fortify their settlements, but they tended to change the properties and made their moats and walls more substantial. On the other, they reinforced fortifications through gate towers, wooden supports for moat walls, log frameworks and cages on the walls. Such structures are typical for fortresses that bore the function of social and economic centers. It is concluded that the defense works the Baitovo people erected illustrate the early defensive architecture of the early Iron Age Transurals.
Aral Sea Saka Tribes Study Based on Egistic Mausoleum Materials
Authors: Kitov Egor P. ,   Center of Human Ecology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAN, Moscow, Russia, Al’farabi Otar ,   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The study analyses the Chirik-Rabat craniological data. The analysis includes new anthropological materials from the East-Aral Sea Egistic mausoleum. The collection is represented with 13 craniums – 6male and 7 female ones. A series of monuments was discovered between 1957 and 1961. These monuments date back to 3–2 centuries BC. The data provided by the authors are a significant addition to the already published researches. Some craniums have traces of the beshik cradle artificial cranial deformation. It was frequent in the Central Asia Saka people. Individuals were found with applanation on the back of their heads. It allows to conclude that early nomads often used beshik cradles because they led a nomadic lifestyle in the North Eurasia arid zone. 31% of the skulls have osteomas. This allows the conclusion on the burial ground being designed for families and the individuals being blood-related. The Chirik-Rabat craniological data have a vast amount of comparative data. The canonical analysis showed that the male artefacts belonged to the descendants of the preceding population. Besides the male skulls appeared to be close to both the neighbouring Saka tribes, Volga, Ural and West Kazakhstan Sarmatians. Whereas female artefacts showed no sign of descending from the early Saka population of the stated region. The study shows that these findings are associated with the Sauromatian-Sarmatian type of the Volga-Ural and Lower Volga population. This statement questions the theory of close contacts with both neighbouring communities and nomad Sarmatians of the Ural River basin.
Scythian barrow near Bychok village on the left bank of the Lower Dniester
Authors: Sinika Vitalij S. ,   Head of the Scientific Research Laboratory “Archaeology” of the Pridnestrovian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko Pridnesrovie, Tiraspol’, Razumov Sergey N. , Telnov Nikolay P. , Taschi Elena F. ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko / Pridnesrovie, Tiraspol’,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko Pridnesrovie, Tiraspol’,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko (Pridnestrovie, Tiraspol)
Published: July 2024

The article for the first time publishes and analyzes the materials obtained during the study of Scythian mound 6 near Bychok village on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. Description of the of the barrow and the graves: Four Scythian graves were studied under the mound. The barrow was built above the main burial in the catacomb. Its entrance pit was filled with stone, then covered with wood, and after a stone core was built in the center of the mound. Despite this, the burial was robbed; two amphoraу of Ikos, a black-glazed vessel, gold plaques, a silver finial and horse harness items were preserved from the grave goods. The bridle belonged to two horses, which were laid in the dromos. Simultaneously with the main burial two accompanying graves were built in rectangular pits under a wooden covering and a stone core in the center of the barrow. A “guard” was buried in one of them with a quiver set and sacrificial food with an iron knife, in the second burial were buried two bridled horses in a “standing” position. After a short time, the grave of a child in the catacomb was sunk into the mound. The entrance to the funeral chamber was covered with a stone wall; a molded jug and an abrasive tool were placed in the chamber. Barrow dating: Two Greek amphorae and a black-glazed lekanis from the main burial in the catacomb allow us to date the barrow to the second quarter of the 4th century BC. The secondary child burial was sunk into the mound no later than the middle of the 4th century BC. Final remarks: It must be stated that mound 6 near the Bychok village was built for the internment of a person (persons?) with high social status. This is evidenced by the design of the mound (with a stone core and a wooden covering in the center), the labor spends for the construction of the main catacomb, as well as two accompanying graves (“a guard” in a separate pit and two horses in a separate pit) and the burial of two horses in the dromos of the main grave. An iron bridle preserved undisturbed in the paired horse burial allows us to conclude about the evolution of some of its elements among the Scythians during the 4th–2nd centuries BC. The totality of data obtained during the study of the barrow not only adds the picture of the Scythian presence in the North-West Black Sea region, but also allows us to draw attention to some elements of the funerary rite and material culture, which were previously recorded extremely rarely or were not found at all in the region.
Uang Panai: a phenomenology in determining the price of marriage
Authors: Ahmad Ramzi Ghulam Syam  , Muhammad Awal Ramadhan  , Alimuddin
Published: July 2024

Uang panai a significant role in the smooth conduct of marriage. In Bugis culture, giving uang panai is an obligation in marriage. This study utilizes a systematic literature review (SLR) of several articles on uang panai  in South Sulawesi. The findings of this research indicate several factors that influence the determination of uang panai, such as noble lineage, education, economy, and women's occupation. The agreement on the value of uang panai should avoid imposing excessive burdens on the groom while respecting the dignity and position of the bride, facilitated by effective communication between both parties.
The Effect of Investment and Human Development Index on Economic Growth In Jember Regency In 2010-2020
Authors: Charismasari Darma Pertiwi
Published: July 2024

Economic growth as a process of increasing output over time, becomes an important indicator in measuring the success of a country's development. This research is a correlational study that aims to determine the effect of investment on economic growth in Jember Regency, and the effect of human development index on economic growth in Jember Regency during 2010-2020. The analysis method used multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) econometric model with the help of Eview 10. The results of this study show that investment has a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth in Jember Regency while the human development index has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Jember Regency.
The Application of Sak-Emkm as a Basis For Preparing Msme Financial Statements (Case Study In UD. Kotamobagu Fragrance Light)
Authors: Makalalag Magdalena , Hullah Abdurahman
Published: July 2024

Public awareness for entrepreneurship, especially MSME actors by taking advantage of existing opportunities, is not followed by understanding and knowledge about the importance of managing a business well. The business community is still unaware of the importance of good financial records and based on applicable standards. The recording of financial transactions is still carried out simply, and some transactions that should have been recorded were not recorded. Because not carrying out proper accounting records causes MSME actors to lack understanding of the preparation of financial statements. This research aims to apply SAK-EMKM as a Basis for Preparing MSME Financial Statements (Case Study at UD. Kotamobagu Aroma Light). This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data analysis techniques begin by using content analysis, namely making transcripts of interviews, listening carefully, then writing down the words heard according to what is in the recording. The results showed that UD. Cahaya Aroma Kotamobagu has not prepared regular financial statements. This routine meaning is only when they will offer credit loans at the Bank to get KUR (Kredit Usaha Rakyat). In its creation, the company only fills in the format given incorrectly or only fabricates and does not comply with the actual financial statements. MSMEs do not use consultants or parties who know or understand the manufacturing process better. UD. Cahaya Aroma Kotamobagu also found several obstacles experienced by the preparation of financial statements, namely 1). There is a lack of awareness from MSME business actors in their financial management. 2) lack of human resources who have the ability to prepare financial statements and it is too expensive if business owners use employees to help existing businesses. 3). Management is done by the owner himself, so the owner only thinks about sales every day to be able to make a profit.