bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monascin and monascinol, azaphilonoid pigments from Mortierella polycephala AM1: in silico and in vitro targeting of the angiogenic VEGFR2 kinase
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , Magdy El-Metwally Mohammad , Mekawey Amal A. I. , Abdelwahab Ahmed B. , Soltan Maha M.
Published: July 2021

The fungus, Mortierella polycephala is one of the most productive sources of anticancer bioactive compounds namely those of pigment nature. During our investigation of the produced bioactive metabolites by the terrestrial M. polycephala AM1 isolated from Egyptian poultry feather waste, two main azaphilonoid pigments, monascin (1) and monascinol (2) were obtained as major products; their structures were identified by 1D (1H&13C) and 2D (1H–1H COSY, HMBC) NMR and HRESI-MS spectroscopic data. Biologically, cytotoxic activities of these compounds were broadly studied compared with the fungal extract. To predict the biological target for the presumed antitumor activity, an in silico study was run toward three proteins, topoisomerase IIα, topoisomerase IIβ, and VEGFR2 kinase. Monascinol (2) was expected to be moderately active against VEGFR2 kinase without any anticipated inhibition toward topo II isoforms. The in vitro study confirmed the docked investigation consistently and introduced monascinol (2) rather than its counterpart (1) as a potent inhibitor to the tested VEGFR2 kinase. Taxonomically, the fungus was identified using morphological and genetic assessments.
Elasticity of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle After an Increased Number of Pitches Correlates With Increased Medial Elbow Joint Space Suppression
Authors: Saito Akira , Namiki Yusuke , Okada Kyoji
Published: July 2021

Saito, A, Namiki, Y, and Okada, K. Elasticity of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle after an increased number of pitches correlates with increased medial elbow joint space suppression. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2564–2571, 2021—This study aimed to measure the medial elbow joint space and elasticity of the forearm flexor-pronator muscles in repetitive pitching and to determine which of the forearm flexor-pronator muscles contribute to elbow valgus stability during pitching. Twenty-six collegiate baseball players performed 7 sets of 15 pitches. The medial elbow joint space and elasticity of the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) were measured using ultrasonography before pitching and after every 15 pitches. Correlations among the rate of change of these parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The medial elbow joint space increased after 60 or more pitches compared with that before pitching (all p < 0.001; effect size [ES]: 0.44–1.22). FDS and FCU elasticity increased after 45 and 60 pitches or more in contrast to that before pitching, respectively (FDS: p = 0.047 and p < 0.001, respectively; ES: 1.05–1.42, FCU: p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively; ES: 1.11–1.48). After 75 or more pitches, the rate of change of FCU elasticity correlated negatively with that of the medial elbow joint space (r = −0.395, r = −0.454, and r = −0.404, after 75, 90, and 105 pitches, respectively). Increased FCU elasticity after repetitive pitching correlated with suppression of the increase of the medial elbow joint space. The FCU may be the primary dynamic stabilizer against the elbow valgus force, and evaluation of the FCU elasticity may be important for preventing elbow injuries.
Field Collection of Geotechnical Measurements for Remote or Low-Cost Datalogging Requirements
Authors: Sattler Kelvin , Elwood David , Hendry Michael T. , Berscheid Brian , Marcotte Bryce , Abdulrazagh Parisa Haji , Huntley David
Published: July 2021

Reliable, low-cost datalogging alternatives promote transfer of knowledge and technology to the wider geotechnical and geoscientist community. Alternative systems can ease increased data resolution on large projects, operate in remote locations with restricted site access, or allow developing countries access to reliable and cost-effective datalogging solutions. A low-cost prototype datalogger was developed and tested in the laboratory with the use of open-source materials. Open-source example code is provided at the permanent links included in this paper. The materials for the prototype were 20 % the cost of commercial datalogging units with similar capabilities. With labor, these custom-built units were 35–45 % the cost of a purchased datalogger. Measurements from commercial units and the prototype datalogger were compared to determine the prototype’s accuracy. The datalogger was deployed in place of commercially available dataloggers at three sites across western Canada in the past two years. Laboratory and field testing of the low-cost datalogger has shown the prototype to be easily adaptable to various sensor types. The study experimented with negative pore water pressure (matric suction), volumetric water content, and temperatures from SDI-12 sensors as well as positive pore water pressure and temperature from vibrating wire piezometers. Telemetry modules have been attached to remote dataloggers, transmitting occasional data points, and periodically verifying system operation. Assembly, installation, and monitoring with the low-cost datalogging system over the past two years has demonstrated their durability in field applications. The implementation of a low-cost, open-source geotechnical datalogging system can be a challenge in some locations and requires the consideration of limitations, which are addressed.
Novel Pervious Concrete Paver Blocks for Sustainable Pavements
Authors: Sukhija Mayank , Chandrappa Anush K. , Saboo Nikhil
Published: July 2021

Pervious concrete pavements (PCPs) are known for their interconnected pores that provide environmental benefits. The high latent capacity, infiltration rate, and skid resistant riding surface highlight the benefits of pervious concrete as pavement material. PCPs are one of the best storm water management practices, but its implementation is still scarce. In this study, novel pervious concrete paver blocks were manufactured as per factory-based procedure and were tested for their properties. The experimental matrix included the shape of paver block, gradation (G1 and G2), water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and cement-to-aggregate (c/a) ratio as variables. The G2 gradation depicted higher density (1,900–2,450 kg/m3) than G1 (1,700–2,350 kg/m3) for the same mix composition. The w/c and c/a should be limited to 0.30 and 0.25, respectively, to avoid drain down of cement paste to the bottom of blocks due to their reduced thickness, which may otherwise render the blocks impervious. The infiltration rate varied over a range of 0.49 to 1.60 mm/s, depicted a lower variation as a function of shape, but significant variation was observed with respect to c/a and w/c. The compressive strength of the paver blocks varied as a function of shape and c/a ratio, where a strength of at least 15 MPa was achieved. The clogging study indicated there was an initial sudden reduction in the infiltration rate followed by a reduced rate of reduction, leading to a terminal infiltration rate (10–15 % of initial infiltration rate). Overall, the study aimed at providing an alternative approach to implement PCP in the form of interlocking blocks, which can be easily constructed with minimum machinery support.
Astrocyte-Derived Thrombospondin Induces Cortical Synaptogenesis in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Mazur Anna , Bills Ean H. , DeSchepper Kayla M. , Williamson James C. , Henderson Brandon J. , Risher W. Christopher
Published: July 2021

The regulation of synaptic connectivity in the brain is vital to proper functioning and development of the CNS. Formation of neural networks in the CNS has been shown to be heavily influenced by astrocytes, which secrete factors, including thrombospondin (TSP) family proteins, that promote synaptogenesis. However, whether this process is different between males and females has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we found that cortical neurons purified from newborn male rats showed a significantly more robust synaptogenic response compared with female-derived cells when exposed to factors secreted from astrocytes. This difference was driven largely by the neuronal response to TSP2, which increased synapses in male neurons while showing no effect on female neurons. Blockade of endogenous 17β-estradiol (E2) production with letrozole normalized the TSP response between male and female cells, indicating a level of regulation by estrogen signaling. Our results suggest that male and female neurons show a divergent response to TSP synaptogenic signaling, contributing to sex differences in astrocyte-mediated synaptic connectivity.
The Blued Trees Symphony as Transdisciplinary Mediation for Environmental Policy
Authors: Rahmani Aviva
Published: July 2021

As the devastating impacts of anthropocentric behaviors have emerged in the Anthropocene, the specter of globalized “ecocide” has also emerged, requiring creative policy solutions. The Blued Trees project was an experiment in modeling how art might forestall ecocide by legally redefining public (economic) good to reconcile with common (benefit to a community) good. This continental-scale work of interdisciplinary art was copyrighted in 2015, requiring courts to recognize an emergent overlap between copyright ownership, eminent domain law, and new forms of art. My intention was to create a transdisciplinary, art-based model for sustainable relationships with other species and across demographics, which could be scaled in the court system for policy implications. My premises were that transdisciplinary thinking—work that dissolves disciplinary boundaries—can best preserve habitat integrity in these complex, uncertain times, and that laws are the building blocks of policy. The Blued Trees Symphony was conceived as sonified biogeographic sculpture in five movements based on the eighteenth-century sonata form, with the musical structure narrating a contest between Earth rights and accountability for ecocide. The legal theory was litigated in a mock trial produced with the fellowship program A Blade of Grass in 2018. The work, which brings together art, music, and performance with law, ecological science, and dynamic systems theory, continues as a work in progress in that some of its elements, such as trees and ecosystems, the score, and the vital need to stop ecocide, remain alive and very much in play today.
Where are the people? A scoping review on the use of the term “resilience” in Arctic health research and its relevance to community expressions of well-being
Authors: Cueva Katie , Akearok Gwen Healey , Guistini Sean , Kanayurak Nicole , Larsen Christina V. L. , Lavoie Josee , Rink Elizabeth , Stoor Jon Petter A.
Published: July 2021

In the field of Arctic health, “resilience” is a concept used to describe the capacity to recover from adversities. The term is widely used in Arctic policy contexts; however, Arctic peoples and communities question whether “resilience” is an appropriate term to describe the human dimensions of health and well-being in the Arctic as it is currently applied. A scoping review of peer-reviewed and gray literature was conducted. We used searchable databases, Google Scholar, and Dartmouth College Library Services, to select studies conducted between 2000 and 2019 and key documents from the Arctic Council and other relevant organization and government entities. A scoping review framework was followed, and consultation among the authors provided initial scope, direction, and verification of findings. Analyses identified over- and underrepresented key thematic areas in the literature on human resilience in Arctic communities. Areas of overrepresentation in the literature included ecosystem, climate change, and environmental sciences. Areas that were underrepresented in the literature included health, medicine, wellness or well-being, and community voices on the topic of human resilience. Results indicated that “resilience” as a concept was applied across a diversity of contexts and subject areas in the Arctic and that this may have repercussions for understanding the human dimension of “resilience” and community expressions of well-being. Alternative terms and concepts with which Northern community members more closely identify could be used to more respectfully and accurately advance research in areas such as epidemiology, community health and well-being, and particularly Indigenous peoples’ health.
Indigenous economies in the Arctic
Authors: Gladun Elena , Nysten-Haarala Soili , Tulaeva Svetlana
Published: July 2021

There is a growing global interest in Arctic natural resources that have a strong influence on the local economies. The Arctic economy is a rather unique phenomenon encompassing Indigenous practices, local economic activities, and industrial development. Indigenous economies vary across the Arctic states and exhibit divergent economic mixtures. In globalizing societies and full market economies, traditional Indigenous economies are changing and perceived especially by the non-Indigenous to be a tribute to old customs rather than a way of life that is being followed by the young generation. However, certain groups of the contemporary Indigenous populations in the Arctic continue to preserve their culture and ensure the continuation of Indigenous ways of life. The development of Indigenous communities is closely linked to their economic well-being, on the one hand, and to their culture and traditions, on the other. Our article contributes to the discussion on the significance of Indigenous economies in providing sustainability in terms of Indigenous communities, their culture, and traditions. The research objective is to identify strategies and tools that sustain Indigenous economies as well as the goals of various stakeholders in encouraging and supporting the traditional economic activities of Indigenous peoples. We contrast three countries—Russia, Finland, and the United States (Alaska)—and discuss some governmental strategies that can be employed for preserving unique Indigenous economies. The research methods consist of a content analysis of state and regional legislation and strategies, social studies of stakeholders’ opinions, case studies describing market infrastructure, and economic activities as well as features of traditional lifestyles and Indigenous knowledge typical of these regions.
The influence of kinship networks and family relationships on pregnancy dynamics in North Greenland
Authors: Rink Elizabeth , Reimer Gitte Adler , Anastario Mike , Watson Zoe
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of kinship networks and family relationships on pregnancy dynamics in a settlement in North Greenland. We utilized community-based participatory research framework using ecological systems theory to conduct semistructured interviews with 26 women and 17 men living in Kullorsuaq, Greenland. The extent to which Greenland’s cultural traditions related to naming and adoption practices, intergenerational relationships and communication, educational pursuits, and material resources intersect with pregnancy dynamics in an Arctic Indigenous community is discussed. Results highlight the importance of familial and community connections in pregnancy decision making in Greenlandic culture. Findings suggest that public health programs, health care services, and policies address the involvement of kinship and family networks as well as community level pathways to promote sexual and reproductive health in Greenland.
A local perspective on renewable energy development in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Gritsenko Daria , Salonen Hilma
Published: July 2021

Many Arctic communities are exposed to energy security risks. Remote settlements rely largely on diesel for energy production, which results in higher consumer prices, negative impacts on the environment and public health. In the past few years, pilot projects for switching remote villages from diesel-generated to wind- and solar-diesel hybrid power plants were realized across the Arctic. Renewable energy projects have a major potential to alleviate energy security risks, promote public health and better environment. Yet, renewable energy does not take hold easily in the Arctic region. Especially in Russia, significant subsidies for fossil fuel present a major disincentive, as well as perpetuate vested interests of national oil companies. Despite the Russian Arctic being a ‘hard case’ for renewables development, there has been both interest in and progress towards the uptake of renewable energy across the Russian Arctic regions. This article contributes to the ‘local turn’ in sustainable energy policy studies by exploring two intertwined questions: which factors contribute to renewable energy development in the Russian Arctic and how do these factors characterise differences between individual Arctic communities? Using a combination of exploratory factor analysis and correspondence analysis in application to the local level (municipal) data, we update the existing models of the factors contributing to renewable energy uptake and put forward four distinct community-level models that describe renewables uptake. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of the local perspective on sustainable energy as a key to explaining differences in observed policy outcomes.
Studiowanie, kształcenie, oczekiwania – z badań studentów pierwszego roku
Authors:   Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Suwałkach, Nowel Stanisław
Published: July 2021

The results of a first year student survey are presented, divided into three categories: studying, education, expectations. In the first category, it was found that students have technical study skills. However, they do not have creative problem solving skills. In the second category, it was found that students accepted the forms and methods of education they at the university. In the third category, it was found that the university meets the students’ expectations regarding their aspirations related to the choice of field and form of study. On the other hand, it is alarming to note that the surveyed students do not feel a significant need for in-depth education, i.e. enriching their personality with qualities necessary in their future professional life.
Opinie studentów pedagogiki na temat swoich szkolnych nauczycieli
Authors:   Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Skrzetuska Ewa
Published: July 2021

The article reviews the opinions of beginning pedagogy students. They were asked about their school teachers, those who they valued the most and the least. Students mainly described their moral and practical competences. Students appreciate the most the ability to establish rapport and to communicate and deal with students. According to the critical-hermeneutic theory, these competences have the greatest impact on the students, but they are difficult to teach during professional training. Making students aware of this can increase their inclination to develop their social skills.
Can TP53-mutant follicular adenoma be a precursor of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?
Authors: Nikitski Alyaksandr V , Nikiforova Marina N , Yip Linwah , Karslioglu-French Esra , Carty Sally E , Nikiforov Yuri E
Published: July 2021

Mutations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene are highly prevalent in thyroid anaplastic carcinomas (AC) but are also reported in some well-differentiated cancers and even in benign adenomas. The natural history of TP53-mutant adenomas and whether they may represent a precursor for well-differentiated cancer or AC is largely unknown. Similarly, the frequency of TP53 mutations in thyroid nodules found on routine molecular analysis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples is not established. A database on 44,510 FNA samples from thyroid nodules with predominantly indeterminate cytology tested using ThyroSeq v3 was reviewed to identify TP53-mutant cases and analyze their genetic profile and available clinicopathological findings. Among 260 (0.6%) selected thyroid nodules, 36 had an isolated TP53 mutation and 224 carried a combination of TP53 with other genetic alterations. No significant difference was observed between these groups with respect to patient age, gender, nodule size, and spectrum of TP53 mutations. Histopathologically, 86% of the resected nodules with isolated TP53 mutations were benign (mostly adenomas), whereas 82% of nodules carrying TP53 mutations co-occurring with other alterations were cancers (P = 0.001), including de-differentiated AC. TP53-mutant benign tumors and well-differentiated cancers often had scattered single neoplastic cells with bizarre nuclei resembling those comprising AC. Our study demonstrates that a small but distinct proportion of thyroid nodules carry a TP53 mutation, either as a single genetic event or in combination with other alterations. While the latter is mostly cancers prone to dedifferentiation, there is at least a theoretical possibility that TP53-mutated adenomas may represent a precursor for such cancers, including AC.
Vibration test and comfort analysis of environmental and impact excitation for wooden floor structure
Authors: Ding Yewei , Zhang Yifan , Wang Zheng , Gao Zizhen , Zhang Tongyue , Huang Xiuling
Published: July 2021

To meet consumer requirements for comfort in wooden structure construction, test mode methods (the environmental excitation method and impact excitation method) have been used to test six measuring points of the flooring in a two-story residential light-wood structure. The following tests were performed: the fundamental frequency test of floor structure under environmental excitation mode; the ball excitation dynamic vibration test of single and rhythmic running of a basketball and tennis ball under impact excitation mode; and the pedestrian dynamic vibration test of jump, single-step, steady walking, and rhythmic movement. The comfort analysis was validated based on the test results of peak value and effective value of fundamental frequency, acceleration, and speed. ANSYS was used to verify the calculation mode of the floor structure. Research showed that the fundamental frequencies of the building structure obtained through the calculation mode and the test mode were consistent, and both were higher than 4.5 Hz. The maximum measured acceleration peak value under the impact excitation mode was 407.2 mm/s2. The maximum speed peak value was 5.606 mm/s. The maximum acceleration effective value (RMS) was less than 450 mm/s2. The floor structure results met the building comfort requirements. The research has value in engineering applications, as it advances understanding concerning the vibration characteristics and comfort optimization of light-wood frame construction.
Dostoevsky's Latin language
Authors: Skoropadskaya Anna
Published: July 2021

The article refutes the opinion found in some biographical studies, which states that Dostoevsky disliked the Latin language and showed nointerest in it. An appeal to the writer's letters, his journalistic and artistic works, surviving working notes suggests the opposite: Dostoevsky not only speaks positively of the Latin language, but also uses it in the process of creating his texts. An analysis of published works and surviving work notes revealed 67 Latin words and expressions. Many of the Latin insertions are encountered more than once, some have a distinct practical nature (for example, the NB anagram and its varieties). In terms of use, the Latin expressions used by Dostoevsky are from to medicine, jurisprudence, and Catholic church rhetoric, but for the most part they are common aphorisms and speech clichés. The article draws attention to the fact of Dostoevsky's work with Latin text as a commentator and translator and proves that the fragment of the prophecy from the book of Johann Lichtenberger cited in the 1877 Diary of a Writer was translated by Dostoevsky. Liberty (modified composition, insertion of additional words) and relative grammatical correctness (only two grammatical inaccuracies were found in the translation) testify to a fairly fluent command of Latin, which allowed Dostoevsky not only to translate the medieval religious text, but also to interpret it to illustrate his socio-political views.
Longitudinal Outcomes for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Farooqi Kanwal M. , Chan Angela , Weller Rachel J. , Mi Junhui , Jiang Pengfei , Abrahams Elizabeth , Ferris Anne , Krishnan Usha S. , Pasumarti Nikhil , Suh Sanghee , Shah Amee M. , DiLorenzo Michael P. , Zachariah Philip , Milner Joshua D. , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Gorelik Mark , Anderson Brett R.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

In spring 2020, a novel hyperinflammatory process associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was described. The long-term impact remains unknown. We report longitudinal outcomes from a New York interdisciplinary follow-up program.

METHODS

All children <21 years of age, admitted to NewYork-Presbyterian with MIS-C in 2020, were included. Children were followed at 1 to 4 weeks, 1 to 4 months, and 4 to 9 months postdischarge.

RESULTS

In total, 45 children were admitted with MIS-C. The median time to last follow-up was 5.8 months (interquartile range 1.3–6.7). Of those admitted, 76% required intensive care and 64% required vasopressors and/or inotropes. On admission, patients exhibited significant nonspecific inflammation, generalized lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Soluble interleukin (IL) IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 were elevated. A total of 80% (n = 36) had at least mild and 44% (n = 20) had moderate-severe echocardiographic abnormalities including coronary abnormalities (9% had a z score of 2–2.5; 7% had a z score > 2.5). Whereas most inflammatory markers normalized by 1 to 4 weeks, 32% (n = 11 of 34) exhibited persistent lymphocytosis, with increased double-negative T cells in 96% of assessed patients (n = 23 of 24). By 1 to 4 weeks, only 18% (n = 7 of 39) had mild echocardiographic findings; all had normal coronaries. At 1 to 4 months, the proportion of double-negative T cells remained elevated in 92% (median 9%). At 4 to 9 months, only 1 child had persistent mild dysfunction. One had mild mitral and/or tricuspid regurgitation.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the majority of children with MIS-C present critically ill, most inflammatory and cardiac manifestations in our cohort resolved rapidly.
Ethno-aesthetics in the system ethnic culture: theoretical and methodological aspect
Authors: Loginova Marina V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The article deals with the study of theoretical and methodological foundations of ethno-aesthetics as a “cultural code” of an ethnos through a systematic approach to solving the problem of the ratio of ethno-culture and ethno-aesthetics. The aim of the study is a philosophical analysis of ethno-aesthetics to determine the semantic potential of the symbolic capital of ethnic culture.
Materials and Methods. The logic of the research, ascending from the abstract (definition of ethno-aesthetics) to the exact (ethno-futurism), is based on a systemic approach. It distinguishes the following methods: dialectical (ethno-aesthetics at the level of the singular, particular and universal), comparative-historical (transformation of ethno-aesthetic values); structural and functional (ethno-aesthetics as an open system of aesthetic values that serve as “markers” of ethnic originality).
Results and Discussion. The author denotes the theoretical and methodological aspects of ethno-aesthetics in the modern conditions of being of an ethnos: ethno-aesthetic values, aesthetic ontology of ethnos, expression in ethno-aesthetics of the “spirit of a people”. In the ethnic world-picture the expression of the concept “spirit of the people” allows to highlight the levels of ethno-aesthetics in ethnoculture: substantial (aesthetic consciousness, aesthetic values that reflect/express the “spirit of a people”); functional-historical (transforming system of aesthetic relations and aesthetic experience of an ethnos). The author notes the relationship of ethno-aesthetic values with mentality, the “spirit of a people”, the deep layers of ethnic consciousness (traditions, rites, beliefs, mythological representations, archetypes), art as a system of creating symbolic images. The dialectics of single, special and universal with regard to aesthetic values distinguishes ethno-aesthetics as the level of being of special, which at the same time combines (values and creative potential of an ethnos in world exploration) and determines the specifics of understanding and interpretation by an ethnos the basic values (the beautiful, the tragic, the comic, etc.) and its fixation in the language. The source of aesthetic ontology is the experiencing by an ethnos life, nature, labour, creativity, which have creative and harmonizing potential.
Conclusion. The author interprets ethno-aesthetics as an integral part of aesthetics, which creates a philosophical theory of an ethnos aesthetic relationship to the world (nature, art, labour), reflects the process of formation and development of aesthetic sensuality and aesthetic consciousness, the value of the world.
Independencia antiimperialista: Lyndon B. Johnson en Costa Rica, la solidaridad con Vietnam y el movimiento estudiantil en 1968
Authors: Chaves Zamora Randall Andrés
Published: July 2021

En la Costa Rica de 1968, un grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) supo mezclar hábilmente ideas globales y nacionalistas. La solidaridad con Vietnam, la celebración de la independencia y la soberanía fueron los elementos utilizados por el movimiento estudiantil para oponerse a la visita que hizo el presidente de los Estados Unidos al país. Este artículo propone que la solidaridad, el antiimperialismo y las nuevas formas de interpretar el pasado costarricense fueron cambios sustanciales en la cultura política de la juventud durante ese acontecimiento, en el cual se registró uno de los momentos más relevantes de la Guerra Fría para el movimiento estudiantil costarricense. El texto desarrolla ese argumento en cuatro apartados: el primero, explica la visita del presidente estadounidense al país y, el segundo, analiza la notable oposición estudiantil que esta generó. Un tercer apartado revisa la forma en que la juventud enfrentó las repercusiones de su protesta, y el cuarto detalla la trayectoria inmediata de su vocabulario político, puntualizando el caso de la solidaridad con Vietnam, sus valoraciones sobre el contexto latinoamericano y el germinal antiimperialismo estudiantil.
Poder y territorio. Crisis y disputas eclesiásticas entre San Salvador y Guatemala, 1822-1842
Authors: González Torres Julián
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación es un acercamiento a la institución diocesana como campo de iurisdictio, cuyas raíces se remontan hasta los tiempos de la colonización romana en la península ibérica. Esto con el fin de revisar la importancia que tuvo para el Estado del Salvador la lucha por la erección de una diócesis dentro de su territorio, tras la independencia de la provincias de Centroamérica. El núcleo del estudio descansa en el análisis de fuentes primarias revisadas y levantadas digitalmente en el Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de Guatemala, principalmente correspondencia entre las autoridades políticas y eclesiásticas de San Salvador y las de Guatemala. A partir de la revisión de estas fuentes y del análisis de autores contemporáneos que trabajan temas relacionados con la iglesia católica, desde el período colonial hasta la era republicana, se concluye que las autoridades de San Salvador creían que mientras el estado no tuviera diócesis en su territorio la emancipación política sería incompleta. De esta forma quisiera ofrecer otra perspectiva de análisis a fin de complejizar el estudio de la emancipación política centroamericana y salvadoreña.
Competencias investigativas en la formación de posgrado. Análisis cualitativo
Authors: Zambrano Sandoval Heidy Johanna , Chacón Corzo Carmen Teresa
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los programas Seminario I y Seminario II, en términos de las competencias investigativas en posgrado para la formación de personas investigadoras. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido para la revisión de los programas de Seminario en las maestrías: Gerencia Educativa, Mantenimiento Industrial, y Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias Básicas de una universidad venezolana. Los criterios cualitativos para el análisis fueron: coherencia externa, coherencia interna y secuencia didáctica o continuidad. Los hallazgos mostraron que estos programas centran su atención en el cumplimiento de las etapas del Trabajo de Grado (temática, propuesta, presentación del avance de la investigación, y defensa final) como requisito para obtener el título de Magíster, a partir una serie de pasos que se acumulan sin mostrar la integración y continuidad en el proceso de construcción del producto. Se concluye que es necesario mejorar y actualizar los programas de estudios a la luz del enfoque en competencias, para desarrollar las competencias investigativas y contribuir a la formación de las personas investigadoras en posgrado.
¿Qué es y qué no es el cuidado de enfermería?
Authors: Hidalgo Mares Brenda , Altamira Camacho Ramiro
Published: July 2021

Se establece el análisis de la situación de enfermería dentro de la cuestión ¿qué es y qué no es cuidado de enfermería?, desde la óptica filosófica y paradigmática de Leonardo Boff de los modos de ser en el mundo y el contexto socio-cultural de Florence, lo que pretende dar un significado o interpretación desde una postura epistemológica y ontológica, es decir, desde la fenomenología de enfermería. Estableciendo entonces que enfermería no es sólo ciencia o arte, sino una ciencia-arte de sentido común, con intuición, identidad y singularidad, así mismo; el cuidado es dado en un momento oportuno, en el acompañamiento del otro, dentro de una convivencia que se desarrolla con dignidad, lo que da origen a seres humanos complejos, sensibles, solidarios, amables y conectados con todo y con todos en el universo. Sin el cuidado, el ser humano se volvería inhumano, pues el ser humano, es el objeto epistemológico de la enfermería. Lo que lleva al desafío, conciliar los dos-modos-de-ser: trabajo y cuidado, desde la materialidad siendo el dominante el modo-de-ser-trabajo, buscando entonces un equilibrio con la espiritualidad, modo-de-ser-cuidado.
Linhas reflexivas para pensar a unidade epistêmica corpo em interface aos cuidados de enfermagem
Authors: Barbosa Loeste Arruda , Silva Paulo Sergio da , Sales Alberone Ferreira Gondim , Barreto Tarcia Millene de Almeida Costa , Oliveira Hadelândia Milon de
Published: July 2021

O interesse deste ensaio está centrado na produção de conhecimentos no domínio da enfermagem que considere os objetos investigativos corpo e cuidado. Nesse sentido, as reflexões buscam responder o seguinte objetivo: refletir sobre corpo e cuidado no domínio da enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, exploratório de caráter descritivo organizado em duas linhas reflexivas que versam respectivamente sobre as bases psicanalíticas como uma origem possível para pensar o corpo e corporeidades no cuidado de enfermagem. Sinteticamente o corpo olhado pela psicanálise na produção dos cuidados de enfermagem convida a compreendê-lo não apenas como um elemento biológico, receptáculo de doenças. As reflexões postas permitiram concluir que a unidade epistêmica corpo não se resume a leituras estritamente anatômicas. Adentrar em leituras psicanalíticas, sociais e filosóficas são linhas possíveis para pensar o cuidado de enfermagem singularizado, integral em prol das necessidades humanas básicas dos clientes em situações de saúde ou doença.
A prática do quarto passo da iniciativa hospital amigo da criança em maternidade de referência
Authors: Santos Floriacy Stabnow , Ribeiro Narcisa Gomes , Siqueira Laise Sousa , Aragão Francisca Bruna Arruda , Pascoal Lívia Maia , Neto Marcelino Santos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar a frequência e a prática da quarta etapa da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança em uma maternidade de referência no sudoeste do Maranhão. Método: Pesquisa documental, retrospectiva, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada entre agosto e novembro de 2019. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados formulários de acompanhamento na maternidade, informações sobre contato pele a pele mãe e filho, aleitamento materno maternas na primeira hora de vida, bem como as características sociodemográficas, obstétricas e parturientes das participantes. A amostra foi composta por 254 prontuários. Os dados foram analisados ​​descritivamente de acordo com as frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis. Resultados: os partos cesáreos foram 50,4% e 49,6% normais. 46,1% tiveram contato pele a pele imediato e ininterrupto ao nascer e foram amamentadas na primeira hora de vida. A idade das parturientes variou de 13 a 46 anos e a enfermeira esteve presente em 96% dos partos. Conclusão: Menos da metade das crianças estudadas realizou a quarta etapa da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança, assumindo que o parto cesáreo foi a principal indicação para o abandono dessa etapa e o parto normal foi considerado como fator contribuinte para tal. desempenho. Portanto, sugere-se que haja suporte suplementar para puérperas submetidas à cesariana para ajudá-las a iniciar o contato precoce e a amamentação o mais rápido possível.
Cartão da gestante como instrumento para continuidade da assistência à saúde: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Rodrigues Thaíse Almeida , Fonseca Lena Maria Barros , Ferreira Adriana Gomes Nogueira , Pascoal Lívia Maia , Rolim Isaura Letícia Tavares Palmeira , Sousa e Silva Mariana Morgana
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas acerca da utilização do cartão da gestante na prática clínica. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca das produções ocorreu em abril de 2019, por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais, disponíveis na íntegra e nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. A busca resultou em um total de 416 artigos, dos quais 8 foram selecionados para análise. Resultados: Os artigos selecionados foram publicados entre 2004 e 2017. Todos apresentaram abordagem quantitativa, foram publicados no idioma português, em revistas eletrônicas nas áreas de Saúde Pública, Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Enfermagem e Ciências da Saúde. Da análise dos artigos emergiram três seções: qualidade dos registros no cartão da gestante; concordância entre registros no cartão da gestante, prontuário e recordatório materno; e uso do cartão pelas gestantes. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o cartão da gestante vem sendo utilizado de maneira insatisfatória, tendo em vista a incompletude e/ou ilegibilidade dos registros.
Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of hallucinogen use by age cohort: Findings from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Jahn Zoe W. , Lopez Joel , de la Salle Sara , Faber Sonya , Williams Monnica T.
Published: July 2021

Background

Few studies have assessed the epidemiology of hallucinogenic substance use among racial and ethnic groups of varying age cohorts. Use of psychedelic substances may differ among people of color (POC), due to factors such as stigma and discriminatory drug enforcement practices against POC. The lack of inclusion of POC in psychedelic research further underscores the importance of identifying differences in use among racial/ethnic groups and age cohorts.

Methods

Data from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) was used for this analysis (N= 56,313, unweighted), representative of the non-institutionalized U.S. population. Proportions of lifetime hallucinogen use by race/ethnicity were compared. Proportions of past year rates of use were compared to examine differences by race/ethnicity and age cohort.

Results

Approximately 15.9% of the U.S. population over 12 had used a hallucinogen at some point in their lifetime and 2.0% had used in the past year. Lifetime hallucinogen use was most prevalent among non-Hispanic White and multi-racial individuals, while Black/African Americans reported the lowest rates of use. White and multi-racial groups also reported the highest proportions of past year use among 12–34 year olds, and White individuals reported the highest proportions among 35–49 year olds. Hispanic individuals reported higher proportions of use among the 12–17 cohort, but lower proportions among the 26–49 year old cohorts. Black/African Americans reported the lowest rates of past year use among the 12–25 year old cohorts. 50+ and older cohorts reported the lowest rates of hallucinogen use in the past year.

Limitations

Data is cross-sectional and self-reported. “Race” is a social construction is subject to change over time, and NSDUH ethnoracial categories are limited. Institutionalized populations are not included in the study.

Conclusions

Significant differences in hallucinogen use among ethnoracial groups by substance and age cohorts were observed. Findings from this work may inform education, interventions, and therapeutic psychedelic research.
A LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUA OFERTA EM UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Castro Elaine de , Oliveira Ulisses Tadeu Vaz de
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo tem como enfoque a oferta de Língua Estrangeira (LE) no Ensino Superior nacional, em vista das demandas das esferas acadêmica e profissional mediante os parâmetros da sociedade globalizada e sua influência no processo de internacionalização das universidades. Para tanto, é apresentado um breve histórico das Instituições de Ensino Superior no país, até a configuração dos modelos institucionais recentes, tendo como enfoque a Nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) de 1996, a qual viabilizou a elaboração das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) e a reformulação curricular de todos os níveis da educação. Deste modo, seguindo a necessidade de domínio de uma LE, sobretudo da Língua Inglesa (LI), considerada como língua franca acadêmica (JENKINS, 2013), é realizada uma pesquisa pela oferta de LE nos cursos de graduação com base nos pareceres e decretos que norteiam seus currículos nas duas últimas décadas, disponibilizados publicamente pelo site do Ministério da Educação e do Desporto (MEC). A partir da análise dos arquivos, foram percebidas menções ao domínio de LE, por vezes definidas como LI e Língua Espanhola, sendo sua oferta relacionada sobretudo ao desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa e da habilidade leitora. Deste modo, observou-se que a LE tem como papel permitir o acesso, a participação e a divulgação das atividades acadêmicas de pesquisa e extensão em âmbito global, além de estar relacionada à atuação do profissional em formação em vista das demandas vigentes.
Modelling earthquake-triggered landslide runout with the material point method
Authors: Alsardi Abdelrahman , Copana Julio , Yerro Alba
Published: July 2021

Landslides triggered by earthquakes cause devastating consequences to downstream infrastructure. The simulation and prediction of these large-strain events remain challenging. The objectives of this work were to validate the material point method (MPM) framework for the study of coseismic landslides and to compare the capabilities of the MPM with mesh-based methods and simplified Newmark-type methods to simulate post-failure runouts. To achieve these objectives, the MPM framework was used whereby a nodal kinematic boundary condition was employed with a moving mesh. The framework was validated with a shaking table laboratory test of a saturated clay slope. A parametric analysis was then conducted using 25 real ground motions on a simple theoretical slope. The MPM results were compared with those obtained with mesh-based methods and three state-of-the-art Newmark-type approaches. The mesh-based methods were consistent with MPM predictions for small-strain instabilities associated with low-energy ground motions (i.e. Arias intensity lower than 4 m/s). When using ground motions with energy above this threshold, mesh-based methods accumulate significant errors associated with bad geometry. The MPM results consistently matched permanent displacements predicted with the Newmark-type methods employed in this analysis.
Associations of Community Water Lead Concentrations with Hemoglobin Concentrations and Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agent Use among Patients with Advanced CKD
Authors: Danziger John , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Weinhandl Eric
Published: July 2021

Significance Statement

It is unknown whether low levels of lead exposure, such as those commonly encountered in drinking water systems, have adverse effects. Using data from patients initiating dialysis in the United States over the last 15 years, the authors found those living in cities with higher lead levels in the drinking water supply had significantly lower hemoglobin concentrations and more erythropoietin stimulating agent use. These associations were observed at lead levels significantly below those that the Environmental Protection Agency mandates as actionable. Whether such levels of lead exposure similarly associate with other lead-related diseases will require further study. The authors’ analysis suggests that for patients with kidney disease, there may be no safe amount of lead in drinking water.

Background

Although patients with kidney disease may be particularly susceptible to the adverse health effects associated with lead exposure, whether levels of lead found commonly in drinking water are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with ESKD is not known.

Methods

To investigate associations of lead in community water systems with hemoglobin concentrations and erythropoietin stimulating agent (ESA) use among incident patients with ESKD, we merged data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Safe Drinking Water Information System (documenting average 90th percentile lead concentrations in community water systems during 5 years before dialysis initiation, according to city of residence) with patient-level data from the United States Renal Data System.

Results

Among 597,968 patients initiating dialysis in the United States in 2005 through 2017, those in cities with detectable lead levels in community water had significantly lower pre-ESKD hemoglobin concentrations and more ESA use per 0.01 mg/L increase in 90th percentile water lead. Findings were similar for the 208,912 patients with data from the first month of ESKD therapy, with lower hemoglobin and higher ESA use per 0.01 mg/L higher lead concentration. These associations were observed at lead levels below the EPA threshold (0.015 mg/L) that mandates regulatory action. We also observed environmental inequities, finding significantly higher water lead levels and slower declines over time among Black versus White patients.

Conclusions

This first nationwide analysis linking EPA water supply records to patient data shows that even low levels of lead that are commonly encountered in community water systems throughout the United States are associated with lower hemoglobin levels and higher ESA use among patients with advanced kidney disease.