bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral triple sequential combination therapy for treating patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Qin‐Hua , Chen Jun , Chen Fa‐Dong , Ruan Hong‐Yun , Zhang Wei , Zhou Yan‐Li , Wang Qi‐Qi , Xu Xiao‐Ling , Feng Ke‐Fu , Guo Jian‐Zhou , Gong Su‐Gang , Zhang Rui‐Feng , Wang Lan
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an oral sequential triple combination therapy with selexipag after dual combination therapy with endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor (PDE5I)/riociguat in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. A total of 192 PAH patients from 10 centers had received oral sequential selexipag therapy after being on dual‐combination therapy with ERA and PDE5i/riociguat for a minimum of 3 months. Clinical data were collected at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. The study analyzed the event‐free survival at 6 months and all‐cause death over 2 years. At baseline, the distribution of patients among the risk groups was as follows: 22 in the low‐risk group, 35 in the intermediate‐low‐risk group, 91 in the intermediate‐high‐risk group, and 44 in the high‐risk group. After 6 months of treatment, the oral sequential triple combination therapy resulted in reduced NT‐proBNP levels (media from 1604 to 678 pg/mL), a decline in the percentage of WHO‐FC III/IV (from 79.2% to 60.4%), an increased in the 6MWD (from 325 ± 147 to 378 ± 143 m) and a rise in the percentage of patients with three low‐risk criteria (from 5.7% to 13.5%). Among the low‐risk group, there was an improvement in the right heart remodeling, marked by a decrease in right atrium area and eccentricity index. The intermediate‐low‐risk group exhibited significant enhancements in WHO‐FC and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. For those in the intermediate‐high and high‐risk groups, there were marked improvements in activity tolerance, as reflected by WHO‐FC and 6MWD. The event‐free survival rate at 6 months stood at 88%. Over the long‐term follow‐up, the survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 86.5% and 86.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the oral sequential triple combination therapy enhanced both exercise capacity and cardiac remodeling across PAH patients of different risk stratifications.
Pathologically expanded peripheral CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3− T‐cell subset promotes B‐cell hyperactivity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bai Ziran , Liu Rui , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Cheng , Wang Zilong , Qi Jingjing , Tang Yawei , Li Xia
Published: March 2024

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by destructive polyarthritis, and abnormal T–B‐cell interactions may contribute to its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and roles of CD4+ programmed death 1 (PD‐1)+Foxp3− T cells in relation to the B‐cell response in patients with RA.

Methods

This study included 155 patients with RA and 36 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs) from the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University in China. Flow cytometry was used to assess the proportion and properties of peripheral CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3+ T cells, including their proliferation, activation, cytokine production, and capacity to induce B‐cell differentiation.

Results

The proportion of CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3− T cells was increased in patients with RA compared with HCs ([10.78 ± 0.60]% vs. [5.67 ± 0.40]%, p < 0.001), and this was positively associated with the B‐cell response. Compared with CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3+ T cells, CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3− T cells from patients with RA exhibited increased expression of Ki67 ([6.52 ± 0.41]% vs. [3.87 ± 0.42]%, p < 0.01) and activation markers, produced higher levels of cytokines, and showed enhanced B‐cell differentiation. Furthermore, anti‐interleukin‐6R antagonists decreased the proportion, activation, and cytokine production of CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3− T cells in vitro. The frequency of type 2 CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3− T cells was significantly higher in patients with RA than that in HCs ([37.27 ± 1.43]% vs. [29.05 ± 1.30]%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Peripherally expanded CD4+PD‐1+Foxp3− T cells in patients with RA, which induced B‐cell hyperactivity, may be inclined toward type 2 helper T cells. Our findings revealed a novel T‐cell subset that contributes to B‐cell hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of RA.
Integrating Paper‐Based Microfluidics and Lateral Flow Strip into Nucleic Acid Amplification Device toward Rapid, Low‐Cost, and Visual Diagnosis of Multiple Mycobacteria
Authors: Wu Tao , Shen Chenlan , Zhao Zhenzhen , Lyu Mengyuan , Bai Hao , Hu Xuejiao , Zhao Junwei , Zhang Ru , Qian Kun , Xu Gaolian , Ying Binwu
Published: March 2024

Efficient diagnosis of mycobacterial infections can effectively manage and prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, existing diagnostic strategies are challenged by long assay times, high costs, and highly specialized expertise to distinguish between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases (NTM‐PDs). Herein, in this study, an optimized 3D paper‐based analytical device (µPAD) is incorporated with a closed lateral flow (LF) strip into a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) device (3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP) for rapid, low‐cost, and visual detection of pathogenic mycobacteria. The platform's microfluidic feature enhanced the nucleic acid amplification, thereby reducing the costs and time as compared to boiling, easyMAG, and QIAGEN techniques. Moreover, the LF unit is specifically designed to minimize aerosol contamination for a user‐friendly and visual readout. 3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP is optimized and assessed using standard strains, demonstrating a limit of detection (LOD) down to 10 fg reaction−1. In a cohort of 815 patients, 3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP displays significantly better sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and diagnostic accuracy than conventional bacterial culture and Xpert techniques. Collectively, 3D‐µPAD‐LF‐LAMP demonstrates enhanced accessibility, efficiency, and practicality for the diagnosis of multiple pathogenic mycobacteria, which can be applied across diverse clinical settings, thereby ultimately improving public health outcomes.
Impacts of Konjac Glucomannan on the Pasting, Texture, and Rheological Properties of Potato Starch with Different Heat–Moisture Treatments
Authors: Wu Kao , Tao Yuxuan , Cheng Junjie , Zeng Yang , Wang Ran , Yan Xu , Jiang Fatang , Chen Sheng , Zhao Xiaojun
Published: March 2024

Few studies reported the impact of hydrocolloid addition on starches after heat moisture treatment (HMT). In this study, potato starch is modified by HMT under different moisture content (18–35%), and the impact of konjac glucomannan (KGM) addition on the pasting, gel texture, and rheological properties of potato starch after HMT are investigated. The results showed that after HMT, the granule structure of the starch is changed with higher heat stability, shown as higher pasting temperature and trough viscosity. The impact of KGM addition is similar on the potato starch before and after HMT, but the change extent of the latter is larger in most cases, such as decreased pasting temperature and gel hardness, increased peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and final viscosity. This indicated that KGM benefited the gelatinization behavior of HMT starch but might not enhance the retrogradation process. The intrinsic high viscosity of KGM in water resulted in a softer starch gel and also contributed to the enhanced shear stress of the mixture paste. Therefore, the impact of KGM on the HMT starch is more significant than the original starch, and this guided the use of HMT starch in the food industry with other hydrocolloid involvement.
Benefit and harm of low‐dose aspirin in pregnancy: a balancing act
Authors: Wei S. , Wu L.
Published: March 2024

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Souter et al. Click here to view the article.
Formulation and free vibration analysis of spinning Timoshenko composite beams using nonlinear geometrically exact theory
Authors: Beiranvand Hossein , Hosseini Seyyed Ali Asghar
Published: March 2024

In this study, a set of generalized nonlinear equations of motion for Timoshenko composite shafts is derived using the geometrically exact approach. These partial differential equations of motion are discretized by Galerkin method and the free vibration of an orthotropic spinning shaft with hinged‐hinged boundary conditions is investigated using the multiple‐scale method. We find that in the case of two mode discretization, composite couplings can have significant linear and nonlinear effects on the behavior of the shaft and that these effects were not predictable in the classical model. Also, in the investigating of composite layering we find that the effects of the fibers angle as well as the composite couplings can be noticeable, and these effects are greater in the case of the asymmetrical layering.
3D Archaeology and Cultural Heritage: Where Are We Today?
Authors: Hostettler Marco , Buhlke Anja , Drummer Clara , Emmenegger Lea , Reich Johannes , Stäheli Corinne
Published: March 2024

Although the basics of 3D technologies developed rather early on, only today are we seeing a steep increase in the application of 3D technologies in archaeological practice. This volume aims to give a broad overview of possible applications in the field, but also to open a discussion about the challenges and problematic aspects of this method so far. Only if there is an awareness of the implications and challenges of implementing this new technology in the everyday practice of field and research archaeology can archaeology take full advantage of its possibilities.
3D Content in Europeana: The Challenges of Providing Access
Authors: Fernie Kate
Published: March 2024

Europeana is an online platform that provides access to millions of items of digital content from Europe’s museums, galleries, libraries, archives and research institutions. Although 3D documentation has become more common in recent years, the majority of the content accessible via Europeana comprises of images and text documents. This chapter describes the context and general challenges of making 3D content accessible online, and the specific challenges for Europeana. The creation of highly accurate 3D models of monuments, buildings and museum objects has become more widespread in research, conservation, management and to provide access to heritage for education and tourism. Yet this is still a developing field and organisations that are commissioning 3D media need to make a series of choices on the type of content that is created, how it will be visualised online and for which users. The challenges of storing and providing access to this content include the multiplicity of content types and formats, the technology requirements and limitations faced by different audiences, and issues such as low standardisation, the complexity and volumes of data involved, interoperability, and lack of metadata. Working collaboratively in developing standards for 3D content formats and metadata will increase interoperability, improve access, storage and preservation of 3D media.
Balancing Data Storage and User Functionality: The 3D and Archaeological Data Strategy of the Tracing the Potter’s Wheel Knowledge Hub
Authors: Opgenhaffen Loes , Jeffra Caroline , Hilditch Jill
Published: March 2024

The Tracing the Potter’s Wheel (TPW) project is designed to identify and assess the appearance of the potter’s wheel as a technological innovation within the Bronze Age Aegean through the integration of experimental, analytical and digital archaeological approaches. A major output of the project is a technologically-focused archive that collates, presents and enhances research data about forming technology for archaeological and experimental ceramics. Another important project aim is to untangle relational and contextually-rich data storage for 3D models, with a particular focus on both metadata and paradata. Moreover, by disentangling the 3D models and treating them as an integrated part of the archive rather than a separately presented class, the project’s active, multivocal knowledge base explicitly integrates the often-separated complementary perspectives on archaeological datasets, dubbed the TPW Knowledge Hub. To reach these divergent yet intricate objectives, TPW introduces the approach of designerly thinking into digital archaeological practice for the design of a user-focused interface to share information and knowledge with peers and the general public. Ultimately, the TPW archive serves as a dynamic learning tool uniting archaeological data storage with additional open-access publications and resources.
Sharing and Caring for the Bioarchaeological Heritage: What Should We Do With 3D Data in the Post-acquisition Stage?
Authors: Pendić Jugoslav , Jovanović Jelena , Marković Jelena , Stefanović Sofija
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses ways of collecting, storing and sharing 3D datasets of large archaeological assemblages, taking as a case study the Lepenski Vir anthropological collection. Several hundred human bones from individuals dated to Mesolithic-Neolithic have been digitalised through the use of image-based modelling, as well as volumetric and dedicated 3D scanners. The project was centred on providing undisturbed and meaningful options for accessing 3D scans of normally restrictively available physical samples, as well as establishing a base ground for further use of digital output. The results have been presented through the 3DHOP environment, providing a proxy to geometry and texture information, as well as contextual information about the finds. The authors elaborate on the workflow and storing strategies, as well as the possibilities for the public to interact with the digital catalogue. The paper also takes note of sensitivity of the digital 3D content created on the basis of archaeological record – and specifically human remains – for the process of online sharing.
Particle Diffusion Process with Artificial Control: Diffusion Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Fu-Bao , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: March 2024

Diffusion acts as a fundamental process for both energy and mass movement, showcasing dynamics that differs from wave propagation. The emergence of metamaterials provides a robust platform for custom manipulations of mass diffusion, drawing on principles like transformation theory and scattering-cancellation theory. Such manipulations have set the stage for novel findings and pioneering applications. This chapter delves into a thorough analysis of the recent progress in diffusion metamaterials. Earlier studies are methodically categorized based on diffusion models, delving deeply into the related theories, applications, finite-element simulations, and experimental approaches of different mechanisms. The chapter wraps up with a scrutiny of the inherent challenges tied to the theoretical underpinnings and architectural design of diffusion metamaterials. Some of these challenges are seen as potentially mitigated by upcoming approaches, such as pseudo-conformal mapping and machine-learning methodologies.
Beyond Traditional Thermal Convection: Spatiotemporal Modulation in Metamaterials
Authors: Zhao Yuqian , Xu Liujun , Yang Fubao
Published: March 2024

This chapter provides a review of one of the mechanisms underlying thermal convection in thermal metamaterials–the spatiotemporal modulation technique. In light of the current energy crisis, the significance of thermal management has become increasingly pronounced, with thermal convection offering versatility to the design of thermal metamaterials. While the motion of liquids or solids is a typical means of generating thermal convection, this chapter emphasizes that spatiotemporal modulation is also used to produce effects analogous to traditional thermal convection. Such modulation enhances the material’s intrinsic properties by dynamically adjusting its microstructures, significantly improving the ability of thermal metamaterials to regulate heat transfer. Additionally, the chapter delves into the use of spatiotemporal modulation to achieve thermal non-reciprocity and highlights its potential in controlling thermal transfer. Overall, spatiotemporal modulation presents an innovative perspective and platform for the research and application of thermal metamaterials, anticipated to play a pivotal role in future scientific investigations and technological advancements.
Difference of Hilbert series of homogeneous monoid algebras and their normalizations
Authors: Higashitani Akihiro
Published: March 2024

Let Q be an affine monoid, $$\Bbbk [Q]$$

k
[
Q
]

the associated monoid $$\Bbbk $$
k
-algebra, and $$\Bbbk [\overline{Q}]$$

k
[

Q
¯

]

its normalization, where we let $$\Bbbk $$
k
be a field. We discuss a difference of the Hilbert series of $$\Bbbk [Q]$$

k
[
Q
]

and $$\Bbbk [\overline{Q}]$$

k
[

Q
¯

]

in the case where $$\Bbbk [Q]$$

k
[
Q
]

is homogeneous (i.e., standard graded). More precisely, we prove that if $$\Bbbk [Q]$$

k
[
Q
]

satisfies Serre’s condition $$(S_2)$$

(

S
2

)

, then the degree of the h-polynomial of $$\Bbbk [Q]$$

k
[
Q
]

is always greater than or equal to that of $$\Bbbk [\overline{Q}]$$

k
[

Q
¯

]

. Moreover, we also show counterexamples of this statement if we drop the assumption $$(S_2)$$

(

S
2

)

.
Evaluation of lamina papyracea dehiscence with paranasal computed tomography
Authors: Deniz Muhammed Akif , Tekinhatun Muhammed
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The lamina papyracea is the thin line between the ethmoid sinus and the medial orbital wall. Knowledge of the presence of the lamina papyracea dehiscence (LPD) bears critical importance to prevent misdiagnosis of fractures at this level and to define the anatomy before sinonasal surgery, including Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). The present study is therefore intended to determine the incidence of LPD in paranasal computed tomography, to identify its imaging characteristics in CT, and to compare with the literature.

Materials and methods

The current study included patients who underwent paranasal CT scanning for any reason in our clinic between January 2018 and January 2022. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, and presence of LPD. Patients with dehiscence were evaluated in terms of age, gender, dehiscence localization (right, left), tissue at the level of dehiscence, dehiscence size, and dehiscence grade.

Results

1000 patients with a mean age of 32. ± 16.3 (min = 18-max = 79) were included in the study. 20 patients (2%) were found to have LPD. Of those with LPD, 14 (70%) were grade 1, 4 (20%) were grade 2 and 2 (10%) were grade 3. Again of those with LPD, 14 (70%) had LPD localized on the right and 6 (30%) had LPD on the left. In 12 (60%) of the patients with LPD, herniated tissue was detected. Among these patients with herniation, fatty tissue herniation was observed in 10 (83.3%) and medial rectus muscle herniation was observed in 2 (16.7%).

Discussion and Conclusion

Comprehensive evaluation for and identification of LPD are very important before possible sinus surgery.
The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment
Authors: Tomoda Akemi , Nishitani Shota , Takiguchi Shinichiro , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Sugiyama Toshiro , Teicher Martin H.
Published: March 2024

Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for psychopathologies, and influences brain development at specific periods, particularly during early childhood and adolescence. This narrative review addresses phenotypic alterations in sensory systems associated with specific types of childhood maltreatment exposure, periods of vulnerability to the neurobiological effects of maltreatment, and the relationships between childhood maltreatment and brain structure, function, connectivity, and network architecture; psychopathology; and resilience. It also addresses neurobiological alterations associated with maternal communication and attachment disturbances, and uses laboratory-based measures during infancy and case–control studies to elucidate neurobiological alterations in reactive attachment disorders in children with maltreatment histories. Moreover, we review studies on the acute effects of oxytocin on reactive attachment disorder and maltreatment and methylation of oxytocin regulatory genes. Epigenetic changes may play a critical role in initiating or producing the atypical structural and functional brain alterations associated with childhood maltreatment. However, these changes could be reversed through psychological and pharmacological interventions, and by anticipating or preventing the emergence of brain alterations and subsequent psychopathological risks.
The rising tide of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Germany: a nationwide analysis of the incidence, from 2005 to 2021
Authors: Alfaar Ahmad Samir , Wiedemann Peter , Rehak Matus , Wolf Armin
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This nationwide study aims to delineate the incidence and trends of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rRD) in Germany across 17 years (2005–2021).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the German Federal Statistics Office and the Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK). The dataset includes approximately 19 million annual inpatient admissions annually. Retinal detachment was identified through ICD-10 code H33.0. Adjusted incidence rates were estimated after excluding reoperation cases. We used R Statistical Software to calculate estimates to 2021, and Tableau for visualisation.

Results

From 2005 to 2021, Germany reported 332,650 rRD cases, with males consistently more affected. Adjusted incidence rose from 15.6 per 100,000 in 2005 to 24.8 in 2021. Variable annual percentage changes in incidence were noted, averaging 4.0% for males and 2.6% for females. The annual mean age of affected individuals ranged from 60.2 to 62 years, with a median age between 62 and 63, suggesting increasing diagnoses at younger ages. Hospital stays declined from 6 to 3.3 days, and higher management rates were observed in Saarland and Rhineland-Palatine.

Conclusion

The study confirms an increasing incidence of rRD in Germany from 2005 to 2021, particularly among males. These findings call for further research to investigate the underlying causes. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers is essential for effective management and improved visual outcomes.
Raster approach to modelling the failure of arbitrarily inclined interfaces with structured meshes
Authors: Falco Simone , Fogell Nicholas , Iannucci Lorenzo , Petrinic Nik , Eakins Daniel
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an approach to evaluate the failure of arbitrarily inclined interfaces using FE models with structured spatial discretization, providing accurate prediction of crack propagation along paths known a priori that are not constrained to the element boundaries. The combination of algorithms for the generation of structured discretization of representative polycrystalline microstructures with novel cohesive element formulations allow modelling the failure of complex topologies along rasterised boundaries, with noticeably higher computational efficiency and comparable accuracy. Two formulations of raster cohesive elements are presented, adopting either elastic-brittle or Tvergaard–Hutchinson traction separation laws. The formulations proposed are first validated comparing the failure of the interface within bi-crystal structures discretised using hexahedral elements either within a structured mesh (i.e. with rasterised boundaries) or an unstructured mesh (i.e. with planar boundary). Subsequently, the effectiveness of the formulations is demonstrated comparing the inter-granular crack propagation within complex polycrystalline microstructures. The behaviour of the novel cohesive element formulation in structured meshes consisting of regular hexahedral elements is in excellent agreement with the deformation and failure of classic cohesive element formulations placed along the planar boundaries of unstructured meshes consisting of tetrahedral elements. The higher computational cost of the raster cohesive elements is more than compensated by the increase in computational efficiency of structured meshes when compared to unstructured meshes, leading to a reduction of the simulation time of up to over 200 times for the simulations presented in the paper, thus allowing the simulation of large domains.
Two-year evaluation of a nano-hybrid and a bulk-fill resin composite: a randomized, double-blind split-mouth clinical study
Authors: Çağırır Dindaroğlu Funda , Yılmaz Ece
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the 2-year clinical performance of a bulk-fill composite resin and a nano-hybrid-filled composite resin in 6-12-year-old children in a split-mouth design.

Materials and methods

This randomized, split-mouth, and double-blind study was conducted on 89 patients aged 6–12 years with caries on bilateral mandibular first molars. In a split-mouth design, restorations of mandibular permanent molars were completed with nano-hybrid organically modified ceramic (ORMOCER)-based bulk-fill composite resin Admira Fusion x-tra (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and nano-hybrid composite Grandio (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). Futurabond U single dose (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was used with selective enamel etching. The clinical success of the restorations was evaluated using USPHS and FDI criteria at 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up controls.

Results

In the 2-year follow-up, all restorations were clinically acceptable. Grandio was significantly worse than Admira Fusion x-tra in terms of surface luster and superficial change (p < 0.05). Surface staining and color match scores increased in Admira Fusion x-tra compared with Grandio significantly (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although both materials showed acceptable clinical performance over 2 years, a significant difference was observed between the surface luster, surface staining, marginal adaptation, and staining of the nano-hybrid composite placed with the incremental technique and the bulk-fill ORMOCER-based composite resin.

Clinical relevance

As an alternative to nano-hybrid composite resins, using bulk-fill restorative materials, which can be indicated in the proper case, may contribute to shortening treatment procedures and increasing patient and physician comfort, leading to clinical success.
Palaeoecology of calcified microfossils from the Lower Devonian (Pragian-Emsian) of Sierra Morena (SW Spain)
Authors: Ernst Andrej , Vachard Daniel , Rodríguez Sergio
Published: March 2024

Lower Devonian (Pragian-Emsian) reefal deposits of Sierra Morena (SW Spain) contain locally abundant calcified cyanobacteria, calcareous algae, and various microfossils including foraminifers. Calcified cyanobacteria are represented byGirvanellaspp. A–C, which form crusts and clumps of various shapes. Supposed green algae (?Dasycladales) are represented by a new genus with one new species,Bediaella hispanicagen. et sp. nov. Algospongia includeVasicekia margaritula(Saltovskaya, 1986) n. comb. Microproblematica are represented byRothpletzellasp. The studied assemblages indicate photic and warm conditions in a shallow and well-agitated environment with normal salinity, and probably mirror episodes of shallowing due to eustatic sea level fluctuations.
Dynamic analysis of axle box bearings on the high-speed train caused by wheel-rail excitation
Authors: Ma Qiaoying , Yang Shaopu , Liu Yongqiang , Wang Baosen , Liu Zechao
Published: March 2024

To explore the impact of wheel-rail excitation on the dynamic performance of axle box bearings, a dynamic model of the high-speed train including axle box bearings is developed. Subsequently, the dynamic response characteristics of the axle box bearing are examined. The investigation focuses on the acceleration characteristics of bearing vibration under excitation of track irregularities and wheel flats. In addition, experiments on both normal and faulty bearings are conducted separately, and the correctness of the model and some conclusions are verified. According to the research, track irregularity is unfavorable for bearing fault detection based on resonance demodulation. Under the same speed conditions, the acceleration peak of bearing is inversely proportional to the length of the wheel flat and directly proportional to its depth. The paper will contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic performance of axle box bearings.
Leveraging Single-Case Experimental Designs to Promote Personalized Psychological Treatment: Step-by-Step Implementation Protocol with Stakeholder Involvement of an Outpatient Clinic for Personalized Psychotherapy
Authors: Scholten Saskia , Schemer Lea , Herzog Philipp , Haas Julia W. , Heider Jens , Winter Dorina , Reis Dorota , Glombiewski Julia Anna
Published: March 2024

Our objective is to implement a single-case experimental design (SCED) infrastructure in combination with experience-sampling methods (ESM) into the standard diagnostic procedure of a German outpatient research and training clinic. Building on the idea of routine outcome monitoring, the SCED infrastructure introduces intensive longitudinal data collection, individual effectiveness measures, and the opportunity for systematic manipulation to push personalization efforts further. It aims to empower psychotherapists and patients to evaluate their own treatment (idiographic perspective) and to enable researchers to analyze open questions of personalized psychotherapy (nomothetic perspective). Organized around the principles of agile research, we plan to develop, implement, and evaluate the SCED infrastructure in six successive studies with continuous stakeholder involvement: In the project development phase, the business model for the SCED infrastructure is developed that describes its vision in consideration of the context (Study 1). Also, the infrastructure's prototype is specified, encompassing the SCED procedure, ESM protocol, and ESM survey (Study 2 and 3). During the optimization phase, feasibility and acceptability are tested and the infrastructure is adapted accordingly (Study 4). The evaluation phase includes a pilot implementation study to assess implementation outcomes (Study 5), followed by actual implementation using a within-institution A-B design (Study 6). The sustainability phase involves continuous monitoring and improvement. We discuss to what extent the generated data could be used to address current questions of personalized psychotherapy research. Anticipated barriers and limitations during the implementation processes are outlined.
A proven optimal result for a benchmark instance of the uncapacitated examination timetabling problem
Authors: Dimitsas Angelos , Gogos Christos , Valouxis Christos , Nastos Vasileios , Alefragis Panayiotis
Published: March 2024

Examination timetabling is a problem well known to the scheduling community. Its simplest version, which is the uncapacitated examination timetabling problem, is easily described and comprehended. Nevertheless, proof of optimality is notoriously difficult even for moderate size problems. In this paper, we describe the effort that our team exercised in finally proving the optimality of the sta83 instance of Carter’s dataset. The problem was decomposed naturally in three parts and for each part a different approach managed to prove optimality of the currently best known solution. This work also presents optimal solutions to subproblems that exist in various public datasets problems and two best known solutions of such problems.
Block-wise dynamic mixed-precision for sparse matrix-vector multiplication on GPUs
Authors: Zhao Zhixiang , Zhang Guoyin , Wu Yanxia , Hong Ruize , Yang Yiqing , Fu Yan
Published: March 2024

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) plays a critical role in a wide range of linear algebra computations, particularly in scientific and engineering disciplines. However, the irregular memory access patterns, extensive memory usage, high bandwidth requirements, and underutilization of parallelism hinder the computational efficiency of SpMV on GPUs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called block-wise dynamic mixed-precision (BDMP) to address these challenges. Our methodology involves partitioning the original matrix into uniformly sized blocks, with each block’s size determined by considering architectural characteristics and accuracy requirements. Additionally, we dynamically assign precision to each block using a precision selection method that takes into account the value distribution of the original sparse matrix. We develop two distinct SpMV computation algorithms for BDMP: BDMP-PBP (Precision-based partitioning) and BDMP-TCKI (Tailored compression and kernel implementation). BDMP-PBP partitions the matrix into two independent matrices for separate computations based on block precision, offering flexibility for integration with other optimization techniques. Meanwhile, BDMP-TCKI focuses on achieving significant thread-level parallelism and memory utilization by tailoring an appropriate compressed storage format and kernel implementation for each block. We compare BDMP with NVIDIA’s cuSPARSE library and three state-of-the-art SpMV methods, including SELLP, MergeBase, and BalanceCSR, using matrices from the University of Florida’s SuiteSparse dataset collection. BDMP-PBP and BDMP-TCKI show average speedups up to 2.64$$\times $$
×
and 2.91$$\times $$
×
on Turing RTX 2080Ti, and up to 2.99$$\times $$
×
and 3.22$$\times $$
×
on Ampere A100. The results demonstrate that BDMP enables the optimization of computation speed without compromising the precision necessary for reliable results.
Effective degradation of synthetic micropollutants and real textile wastewater via a visible light-activated persulfate system using novel spinach leaf-derived biochar
Authors: Gaber Mohamed Mohamed , Samy Mahmoud , Shokry Hassan
Published: March 2024

A novel biochar (BC), derived from spinach leaves, was utilized as an activator for persulfate (PS) in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light conditions. Thorough analyses were conducted to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the biochar. The (BC + light)/PS system exhibited superior MB degradation efficiency at 83.36%, surpassing the performance of (BC + light)/hydrogen peroxide and (BC + light)/peroxymonosulfate systems. The optimal conditions were ascertained through the implementation of response surface methodology. Moreover, the (BC + light)/PS system demonstrated notable degradation ratios of 90.82%, 81.88%, and 84.82% for bromothymol blue dye, paracetamol, and chlorpyrifos, respectively, under optimal conditions. The predominant reactive species responsible for MB degradation were identified as sulfate radicals. Notably, the proposed system consistently achieved high removal efficiencies of 99.02%, 96.97%, 94.94%, 92%, and 90.35% for MB in five consecutive runs. The applicability of the suggested system was further validated through its effectiveness in treating real textile wastewater, exhibiting a substantial MB removal efficiency of 98.31% and dissolved organic carbon mineralization of 87.49%.
Fibre optic sensing technology for field assessment of thermal conductivity of aquatic sediments
Authors: Rodriguez Laureano Gonzalez , Kent Damon , Rathnayaka Charith , Fairweather Helen , McCallum Adrian
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study explores the in situ variability of sediment thermal conductivity (K) in a pond, integrating field-deployed fibre optic sensing with laboratory analyses of sediment properties to enhance our understanding and management of aquatic systems.

Materials and methods

A 20-m cable setup, consisting of a fibre optic cable (FOC) and a heating tape, was buried at two depths within a channel-shaped section of a pond. Induced temperatures along the FOC were recorded during several heating and cooling periods using distributed temperature sensing (DTS). Thermal conductivity (K) was estimated at five locations along the FOC during the heating periods using the heat conduction theory for an infinite line source. Sediment core samples collected from these locations were analyzed to determine dry bulk density (DBD), organic matter content (OM), and particle size distribution (PSD), exploring their effects on K variability.

Results

Analysis of core samples identified three distinct layers, each with varying PSD, OM, and DBD. The study revealed substantial spatial differences in the thermal conductivity of sediments, even over very short distances along the FOC, attributed to variations in sediment properties. Through a combination of field and laboratory results, we developed quadratic regression models (R2 > 0.9) to characterize the influence of DBD and OM on K. These models enabled detailed vertical and horizontal characterization of K within specific sediment contexts.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of active DTS in detecting in-situ variations in K, emphasizing the impact of OM and DBD on temperature propagation. This study highlights the necessity of considering sediment property variability in modelling heat transfer for accurate water resource management and environmental assessments.
Examining the Influence of Narcissism and Some Demographic Variables on Online Shopping Addiction via the Exhaustive CHAID Method
Authors: Emin Cansu , Kayri Murat , Doğan Ezgi
Published: March 2024

The literature posits that narcissism may theoretically influence online shopping addiction, with materialism being regarded as a consequence of narcissistic tendencies that subsequently exacerbate shopping addiction. Additionally, it is stated in the literature that age and gender are also associated with online shopping addiction. So, the present study aims to examine the effect of narcissism, age, and gender on online shopping addiction using the exhaustive CHAID analysis. In the research, which was designed as a survey and correlational study, data were collected from 1010 adults using the online shopping addiction scale and narcissism scale. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive statistics and the exhaustive CHAID method. According to the analysis results, the participant group’s level of online shopping addiction was low, and their level of narcissism was moderate. In line with the results of the exhaustive CHAID analysis, the variables that most related to online shopping addiction were age, gender, and narcissism level. According to the analysis results, online shopping addiction decreases with advancing age. Women in younger age groups are more addicted to online shopping than men. Moreover, the increase in the level of narcissism is a condition that elevates the online shopping addiction of women in younger groups. It is reported in the literature that narcissism is more common in men and younger individuals. However, one of the most important study results is that, in this study, individuals with online shopping addiction are mostly relatively young female participants with high levels of narcissism.
Two New Genera and Species of the Parasitic Copepod Family Chondracanthidae Milne Edwards, 1840 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from Deep-Sea Fishes Off Suruga Bay, Japan
Authors: Aneesh Panakkool Thamban , Ohtsuka Susumu , Kondo Yusuke , Helna Ameri Kottarathil
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The present paper describes two new genera and species of the parasitic copepod family Chondracanthidae Milne Edwards, 1840 based on specimens collected from two species of deep-sea fishes at a depth of 212 m off Suruga Bay, Japan. Avatar nishidaigen. et sp. nov. is described from the host fish Chaunax abei Le Danois, 1978 (Chaunacidae). Kokeshioides surugaensisgen. et sp. nov. is described from the host fish Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894) (Setarchidae).

Methods

Fresh specimens of chondracanthids were collected from the buccal cavity of two species of deep-sea fishes (fish hosts were frozen), Chaunax abei Le Danois, 1978 (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) and Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894) (Perciformes: Setarchidae), caught at a depth of 212 m in Suruga Bay, Japan (34° 37′48.87″ N, 138° 43′2.958″ E). Both the species are described and illustrated based on ovigerous females.

Results

The genus Avatargen. nov. can readily be distinguished from all other chondracanthid genera by the following combination of features: cephalothorax slightly wider than long with anterior pair of large and posterior pair of small lateral lobes, and two pairs of ventro-lateral processes; the very posteriormost part of the first pedigerous somite contributes to the neck; cylindrical trunk with two pairs of blunt proximal fusiform processes; antennule with small knob terminally; antenna bearing distal endopodal segment; labrum protruding ventrally; two pairs of biramous legs each with 2-segmented rami. Kokeshioidesgen. nov. has the following combinations of features that distinguish it from other chondracanthid genera: body flattened, without lateral processes; cephalothorax much wider than long, with paired anterolateral and posterolateral lobes, folded ventrally; the very posteriormost part of the first pedigerous somite contributes to the neck; mandible elongate; legs unique, heavily sclerotized, represented by two pairs of acutely pointed processes.

Conclusion

With the addition of two new genera presently reported, the family Chondracanthidae currently includes 52 valid genera. Among the described genera Avatargen. nov. seems to be very primitive, while Kokeshioidesgen. nov. is highly advanced. The deduced evolutionary history of chondracanthid genera is also discussed.
Robotic versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Meyer Jeremy , Meyer Elin , Meurette Guillaume , Liot Emilie , Toso Christian , Ris Frédéric
Published: March 2024

Robotics may facilitate the realization of fully minimally invasive right hemicolectomy, including intra-corporeal anastomosis and off-midline extraction, when compared to laparoscopy. Our aim was to compare laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with robotic right hemicolectomy in terms of peri-operative outcomes. MEDLINE was searched for original studies comparing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with robotic right hemicolectomy in terms of peri-operative outcomes. The systematic review complied with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations. Variables related to patients’ demographics, surgical procedures, post-operative recovery and pathological outcomes were collected and qualitatively assessed. Two-hundred and ninety-three publications were screened, 277 were excluded and 16 were retained for qualitative analysis. The majority of included studies were observational and of limited sample size. When the type of anastomosis was left at surgeon’s discretion, intra-corporeal anastomosis was favoured in robotic right hemicolectomy (4/4 studies). When compared to laparoscopy, robotics allowed harvesting more lymph nodes (4/15 studies), a lower conversion rate to open surgery (5/14 studies), a shorter time to faeces (2/3 studies) and a shorter length of stay (5/14 studies), at the cost of a longer operative time (13/14 studies). Systematic review of existing studies, which are mostly non-randomized, suggests that robotic surgery may facilitate fully minimally invasive right hemicolectomy, including intra-corporeal anastomosis, and offer improved post-operative recovery.
A Poisoned Sense of Place: Characterising Spatial Politics in a City: The Case of Cape Town’s Property-Owning Democracy
Authors: Ruiters Greg
Published: March 2024

South Africa is undergoing a rapid decline in social and political cohesion at various scales. This paper explores Cape Town’s experience of socio-territorial messages and identities deployed by the City administration and the leading party, the Democratic Alliance. I focus on relational constructions of the subjectivity of the ‘ratepayer’ and the deserving Capetownian as constructed in the City and the DA’s discourse and policy measures in juxtaposition to ‘street people’ and other supposedly deviant urban subjects and how, as such, the wilful ignorance of the first remains both unchallenged and in service of an exclusionary and unjust spatial order.
Long-term geometric quality assurance of radiation focal point and cone-beam computed tomography for Gamma Knife radiosurgery system
Authors: Ohira Shingo , Imae Toshikazu , Minamitani Masanari , Katano Atsuto , Aoki Atsushi , Ohta Takeshi , Umekawa Motoyuki , Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Nishio Teiji , Koizumi Masahiko , Yamashita Hideomi , Saito Nobuhito , Nakagawa Keiichi
Published: March 2024

To investigate the geometric accuracy of the radiation focal point (RFP) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) over long-term periods for the ICON Leksell Gamma Knife radiosurgery system. This phantom study utilized the ICON quality assurance tool plus, and the phantom was manually set on the patient position system before the implementation of treatment for patients. The deviation of the RFP position from the unit center point (UCP) and the positions of the four ball bearings (BBs) in the CBCT from the reference position were automatically analyzed. During 544 days, a total of 269 analyses were performed on different days. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the deviation between measured RFP and UCP was 0.01 ± 0.03, 0.01 ± 0.03, and −0.01 ± 0.01 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The deviations with offset values after the cobalt-60 source replacement (0.00 ± 0.03, −0.01 ± 0.01, and −0.01 ± 0.01 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively) were significantly (p = 0.001) smaller than those before the replacement (0.02 ± 0.03, 0.02 ± 0.01, and −0.02 ± 0.01 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively). The overall mean ± SD of four BBs was −0.03 ± 0.03, −0.01 ± 0.05, and 0.01 ± 0.03 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Geometric positional accuracy was ensured to be within 0.1 mm on most days over a long-term period of more than 500 days.
The Effect of Nucleo-Olivary Stimulation on Climbing Fiber EPSPs in Purkinje Cells
Authors: Öhman Josefine , Sjölin Elias , Cundari Maurizio , Johansson Fredrik , Gilbert Mike , Boele Henk-Jan , Svensson Pär , Rasmussen Anders
Published: March 2024

Climbing fibers, connecting the inferior olive and Purkinje cells, form the nervous system's strongest neural connection. These fibers activate after critical events like motor errors or anticipation of rewards, leading to bursts of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in Purkinje cells. The number of EPSPs is a crucial variable when the brain is learning a new motor skill. Yet, we do not know what determines the number of EPSPs. Here, we measured the effect of nucleo-olivary stimulation on periorbital elicited climbing fiber responses through in-vivo intracellular Purkinje cell recordings in decerebrated ferrets. The results show that while nucleo-olivary stimulation decreased the probability of a response occurring at all, it did not reduce the number of EPSPs. The results suggest that nucleo-olivary stimulation does not influence the number of EPSPs in climbing fiber bursts.