bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multiscale methodology for the analysis of velocity anisotropy in organic-rich shale
Authors: Allan Adam M. , Kanitpanyacharoen Waruntorn , Vanorio Tiziana
Published: May 2015

Changes in the sources of velocity anisotropy and their relative magnitude as maturation progresses in organic-rich shale are still incompletely characterized in the rock-physics literature. As a result of the increasing importance of organic-rich shale as unconventional reservoirs, a more thorough understanding of the elastic behavior of shale is needed. We have formulated a comprehensive, multiphysics, multiscale experimental methodology for the characterization of the intrinsic (syn-lithification) and extrinsic (postlithification) factors contributing to velocity anisotropy. Application of this methodology to unsaturated samples also enabled the characterization of the shale frame for fluid substitution modeling. The methodological framework was then tested on a set of five naturally matured organic-rich shale samples. In this experimental methodology, we combined classical rock-physics measurements, e.g., ultrasonic velocity and emergent high-resolution imaging techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray microtomography to better characterize the heterogeneous and microstructurally complex shale at all scales. The use of XRD-based lattice-preferred orientation measurements in conjunction with conventional ultrasonic velocity experiments confirmed that the degree of alignment of the mineral matrix governed the intrinsic anisotropy of organic-rich shale. The closure of soft, crack-like porosity, as identified from axial strain data, was identified as the extrinsic source governing the pressure sensitivity of velocity anisotropy. We determined, for the set of samples included in this study, that the intrinsic anisotropy was the dominant source of anisotropy at all confining pressures. Indeed, at low confining pressures, the opening of microcracks contributed no more than 30% of the total velocity anisotropy. Applying these results to saturated rocks at depth indicated that, for these shales, the extrinsic, crack-based sources, will contribute no more than 30% of the shale anisotropy in situ.
Improving thin-bed resolution: Application of a sparse-layer inversion on 3D seismic observations from the In Salah carbon dioxide storage project
Authors: Zhang Rui , Daley Thomas M. , Vasco Donald
Published: May 2015

The In Salah carbon dioxide storage project in Algeria has injected more than 3 million tons of carbon dioxide into a thin water-filled tight-sand formation. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar range change data revealed a double-lobe pattern of surface uplift, which has been interpreted as the existence of a subvertical fracture, or damage, zone. The reflection seismic data found a subtle linear push-down feature located along the depression between the two lobes thought to be due to the injection of carbon dioxide. Understanding of the [Formula: see text] distribution within the injection interval and migration within the fracture zone requires a precise subsurface layer model from the injection interval to above the top of the fracture zone. To improve the resolution of the existing seismic model, we applied a sparse-layer seismic inversion, with basis pursuit decomposition on the 3D seismic data between 1.0 and 1.5 s. The inversion results, including reflection coefficients and band-limited impedance cubes, provided improved subsurface imaging for two key layers (seismic horizons) above the injection interval. These horizons could be used as part of a more detailed earth model to study the [Formula: see text] storage at In Salah.
Serbian Ustashe Memory and Its Role in the Yugoslav Wars, 1991–1995
Authors: Kataria Shyamal
Published: May 2015

The Nazi German entry into the Balkans in the spring of 1941, together with the complete dismemberment of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, heralded the birth of the Nezavisna Drzava Hrvatska (NDH) or “Independent” State of Croatia. Run by the Ustashe, the NDH was an ideologically fascist state that, during its brief existence between April 1941 and May 1945, subjected its minority Serbian population to genocide. In addition to many hundreds of thousands being killed or forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism (the religion of the Croats), many Serbs fled the territory of the NDH for neighboring Serbia. The bitter memory held by these Serb survivors of the Ustashe regime, in particular the refugees, constituted a subversive force throughout the period of the second Yugoslavia, culminating in the Yugoslav Wars between 1991 and 1995.
A natural human IgM that binds to gangliosides is therapeutic in murine models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xu Xiaohua , Denic Aleksandar , Jordan Luke R. , Wittenberg Nathan J. , Warrington Arthur E. , Wootla Bharath , Papke Louisa M. , Zoecklein Laurie J. , Yoo Daehan , Shaver Jonah , Oh Sang-Hyun , Pease Larry R. , Rodriguez Moses
Published: May 2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, fatal neurologic disease that primarily affects spinal cord anterior horn cells and their axons for which there is no treatment. Here we report the use of a recombinant natural human IgM that binds to the surface of neurons and supports neurite extension, rHIgM12, as a therapeutic strategy in murine models of human ALS. A single 200 µg intraperitoneal dose of rHIgM12 increases survival in two independent genetic-based mutant SOD1 mouse strains (SOD1G86R and SOD1G93A) by 8 and 10 days, delays the onset of neurologic deficits by 16 days, delays the onset of weight loss by 5 days, and preserves spinal cord axons and anterior horn neurons. Immuno-overlay of thin layer chromatography and surface plasmon resonance show that rHIgM12 binds with high affinity to complex gangliosides GD1a and GT1b. Addition of rHIgM12 to neurons in culture increases α-tubulin tyrosination levels, suggesting an alteration of microtubule dynamics. We previously reported that a single peripheral dose of rHIgM12 preserved neurologic function in a murine model of demyelination with axon loss. Because rHIgM12 improves three different models of neurologic disease, we propose the IgM may act late in the cascade of neuronal stress and/or death by a broad mechanism.
Synthesis of Sitagliptin Phosphate by a NaBH4/ZnCl2-catalyzed Diastereoselective Reduction
Authors: Pan Xianhua , Wang Kun , Yu Wansheng , Zhang Ruimin , Xu Lu , Liu Feng
Published: May 2015

A practical asymmetric synthesis of sitagliptin phosphate, from 1-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butane-1,3-dione, in overall 65.3% yield has been reported. The target compound was synthesized via eneamination, diastereoselective reduction, amine-deprotection, and phosphatization. The key diastereoselective reduction was performed with NaBH4 and ZnCl2, and it gave the product with almost quantitative yield and 68.5% d.e. value after simple work-up and recrystallization with IPA/PE; a high enantiopurity (d.e.% = 99.3%) can also be obtained in 57.1% yield.
Qualification of crimes in the economic sphere
Authors: Хлебушкин Артем , KHlyebushkin Artyem
Published: May 2015

The article examines the elements and signs of some crimes in the sphere of economic activity (illegal business, legalization of the money or other property acquired in the criminal way, production, storage, transportation and sale of counterfeit money or securities, evasion of taxes and collecting) and also considers questions of qualification of these crimes taking into account explanations of Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and legal precedents.
Contracts for the performance of works on research, development and engineering
Authors: Городов Олег , Gorodov Olyeg
Published: May 2015

The article concerns the analysis of the civil law contracts for the performance of works on the research, development and engineering that found its consolidation and legal regulation in chapter 38 of the Civil Code of Russian Federation. The author consistently examines the notion of the above contracts, their elements and content. The author also refers to the issues of parties, liability for non-performance or improper performance of their duties stated in such agreements.
Kultury narodowe w procesie wirtualizacji
Authors: Jaskuła Sylwia , Korporowicz Leszek
Published: May 2015

National cultures in the process of virtualization

The pace of technological development and the associated development of new instruments of communication resulted in a number of consequences that are essential to the very concept of culture and its transformation. Today’s world of virtualization and mediatization of cultures cannot be perceived as inert or static, but should be seen as a process; not as a rigid quasi‑object, but as a continuous and endless stream of variable events. The processes occurring in it, or changes that vary in speed, intensity, rhythm and pace, are becoming the basis for the emergence of new forms of national culture including an unprecedented structure, roles, functions, or intensity. Starting from mobile identities, often created in isolation from one’s own self and free from the usually strict control of the ego and superego, through mobile relations (relationships), and culminating with virtual forms of existence (participation) in the modern, national cultures.
Relacje pomiędzy kulturą a etnicznością w tekstach Cezarii Anny Baudouin de Courtenay‑Ehrenkreutz‑Jędrzejewiczowej
Authors: Dorak-Wojakowska Lilianna
Published: May 2015

Relations between Culture end Ethnicity in the Texts of Cezaria Anna Baudouin de Courtenay‑Ehrenkreutz‑Jędrzejewiczowa

The article describes main fields of interest of the outstanding Polish ethnologist, one of the most important researchers of folk rituals and culture in the interwar period. The article analyses her texts dedicated to ethnical and national problems, in which there are deliberations on the research subject of ethnology (whose distinguishing criterion is tradition) and its scientific material, which serve the cognition of culture’s morphology. Research on products of folk culture, mostly from Wileńszczyzna, passed in oral tradition, makes possible such cognition. Interrelationship between ethnicity and culture is present in crucial texts of Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay‑Ehrenkreutz‑Jędrzejewiczowa collected in the volume The Tradition’s Chain written in the years 1922‑1953, such as: ‘From Studies of Wedding Rites of Polish People’ (1929), ‘A Few Notes and News about Ethnography of Wileński District’ (1930), ‘Two Cultures and Two Sciences’ (1936) and ‘Ethnical Groups on the Territory of the Great Duchy of Lithuania and Three Nations’ (1953). Using the phenomenological method in the research of folk culture on the borderland between Poland and Lithuania, Cezaria Jędrzejewiczowa interprets preserved stories, tracks down their main motifs, reveals their genesis and meaning, which has developed over centuries. The article discusses social and cultural determinants of the rural people, such as ties of tradition, ethnical collective consciousness, religion and language.
Priorytety w strategii zachowania tożsamości przez mniejszość serbo łużycką
Authors: Mieczkowska Małgorzata
Published: May 2015

The Priorities in the Strategy of Behavior by a Minority of Sorbian Identity

The article discusses the priorities and strategies implemented by the Sorbian minority after the reunification of Germany to safeguard its national interests. The political changes‑unification of both German states accelerated and forced conversion of the structure and organization within the minority. Sorbian minority gained the ability to build pluralistic organizational structures based on democratic legal solutions. In the public debate, set objectives and targets to achieve. Postulated among others: ensuring national rights, the protection of the territory of Lausitz, the creation of a new federal state “Lausitz”, an objective assessment of national policy pursued by the SED to the Sorbs. Domowina – the main organization of the Sorbs, held responsible for the processes of assimilation made has been restructured. Currently, it performs the role of a representative of the interests of national minorities, but does not participate in political participation and has no effect on the allocation of financial grant by the provinces on business organizations and institutions of minorities. Not all identified as strategic priorities in 1990 so far implemented‑the process is still open.
Mobilizacja polityczna irackich jezydów po roku 2003
Authors: Siwiec Paweł
Published: May 2015

Political Mobilization of the Iraqi Yezidis in the post‑Saddam Iraq

Iraqi Yezidis living in the mountainous areas of northern Iraq have been for centuries struggling to survive and preserve their identity. Once mistakenly recognized as worshipers of Satan, they had been sentenced to constant harassment by the Muslim majority. Stubbornly declaring their ethnic and not only religious individuality, they fell into conflict with the majority of the Kurds, with whom they shared the misery of the worst repression during the Baghdad regime. The overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003 significantly activated the Yezidi community. The new political situation in Iraq opened the way for the revival of their culture and sociopolitical integration of their whole community. Since 2005, they have had their representatives not only in local institutions of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, but also in the Iraqi parliament. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the changes in the socio‑political situation of the Iraqi Yezidis in the post‑Saddam Iraq.
Czy homo sacer może zostać obywatelem?
Authors: Radziwinowiczówna Agnieszka
Published: May 2015

Can Homo Sacer Become a Citizen? The Experience of Migration as a Means to Construct Citizenship in a Mexican Transnational Community

The article is a part of a discussion about the efforts of the modern nation‑state to control individuals by circumscribing their mobility. The case study concerns a community from Mixteca region in Oaxaca, Mexico. The exclusion from the labor market contributed to national and international mobility of the community members. Because of their border crossing without the required state authorization migrants are labeled “illegal”. The U.S. nation‑state reduces them to what Giorgio Agamben has called “bare life”. Deportation is manifestation of total power that nation‑state holds over a deportable alien. In the first decade of the 21st century the number of removals equaled deportations during the Great Depression. Members of the transnational community, excluded both by “sending” and “receiving” states, seek ways to build the community’s welfare on their own. It is possible due to collective monetary remittances, which enable the realization of the communitarian goals. That is an example of political culture that constitutes the emerging transnational citizenship.
Polityka integracyjna mniejszości romskiej w Szwecji – model i dobre praktyki
Authors: Kościółek Jakub
Published: May 2015

Swedish Roma Integration Policy – Model and Good Practicies

Sweden is inhabited by the biggest Roma people population among Nordic countries. The community is however very diverse in reference regarding the language spoken, the belief, and origin. For years this particular minority had been marginalized and even persecuted by the Swedish administration. Only since 1999 it gained the national minority status, which resulted in legal protection from the government and farther integration possibilities for the community that suffered social, political and cultural exclusion in the past. Sweden is perceived presently as country with one of the best Roma integration policy, reaching far beyond the EU minimal standards. Malmö is that Swedish city that may play as a pattern for the effective, successful inclusive approach towards Roma community. The discussed solutions implemented by the city council can play as example of conditions to be followed in order to successfully integrate Roma people.
Possibility Engineering
Authors: Felli James C.
Published: May 2015

Possibility engineering is a variant of decision analysis that focuses on highlighting a robust set of acceptable courses of action that satisfy a decision maker’s value constraints rather than identifying and prescribing a single, optimal course of action. A shift from a conventional decision-analytic approach to a possibility engineering approach can facilitate problem resolution by sparing decision makers from misconceptions surrounding the term “decision analysis” and freeing them from its demands for structural precision, preferential fidelity, and prescription adherence. In this work, I will develop possibility engineering as a framework for resolving problems of choice under uncertainty. This development will include motivation for adopting a possibility engineering framework, establishment of synthetic probabilities and synthetic decision trees as core framework elements, formalization of concatenation and clone operations for matrices, and ultimately establishment of the possibility matrix as the mechanism for partitioning the set of all available courses of action in a manner consistent with the decision maker's value constraints.
Cartografias de exclusão e inclusão de pessoas com sofrimento mental nos processos de territorialização da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental
Authors: Guedes Patrícia Fátima Mendes , Souza Maria Celeste Reis Fernandes de
Published: May 2015

Este artigo apresenta reflexões acerca dos processos de exclusão/inclusão de pessoas com sofrimento mental grave em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II (CAPS II) no contexto de territorialização da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental. O campo de pesquisa é o CAPS II e o referencial teórico teve como base os estudos de Michel Foucault e de Doreen Massey. O material empírico é constituído por documentos e prontuários de cinco usuários do CAPS II. Para a análise desse material a ferramenta utilizada foi o discurso, na perspectiva analítica de Michel Foucault. O artigo problematiza o enunciado – "lugar de louco é no hospício" – que interpelao discurso da desospitalização e da reinserção psicossocial. Os resultados mostram que a hospitalização ainda é uma prática recorrente e um desafio a ser vencido para se construir uma Política que ultrapasse as barreiras da exclusão.
Violência contra idosos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Edson Alexandre da , França Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho
Published: May 2015

O número de idosos cresceu vertiginosamente, sendo necessárias medidas voltadas para o bem-estar desta população. No tocante à violência contra idosos, há uma carência na investigação das causas e medidas relacionadas à sua prevenção. Esta pesquisa examinou os fatores que influenciam a violência contra idosos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A escala de ageísmo de Palmore (2001) foi testada em 284 participantes, com 60 anos ou mais. Foram realizadas análise fatorial, correlações com os preditores e confirmadas por regressão múltipla. Os resultados apontaram que, quanto maior o nível dos conflitos no relacionamento dos idosos, maior será a violência contra eles. Os homens idosos apresentavam maiores conflitos em seus relacionamentos do que as mulheres idosas. Aproximadamente um quarto dos agredidos não denunciam seus agressores, reforçando a tese da subnotificação dos casos. São sugeridas medidas para a redução da discriminação contra idosos.
Elaboração de técnica para avaliar o pensamento contrafactual em adultos
Authors: Faccioli Juliana Sarantopoulos , Justino Florença Lucia Coelho , Schelini Patrícia Waltz
Published: May 2015

O pensamento contrafactual equivale a modificações mentais para eventos passados, podendo produzir consequências benéficas ou aversivas. Esse tipo de pensamento está associado a processos cognitivos como resolução de problemas, tomada de decisão, capacidade de enfrentamento, entre outros, podendo auxiliar no entendimento de grupos específicos, tais como: depressivos, esquizofrênicos e vítimas de violência. No Brasil, estudos sobre esse tipo de pensamento são muito escassos, não havendo materiais disponíveis para facilitar sua evocação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar e avaliar um instrumento para acessar o pensamento contrafactual de adultos. Participaram cinco alunos de pós-graduação, capacitados para avaliar o material e as alternativas de modificação da realidade. Após a primeira avaliação, apenas sete de um total de 24 alternativas atingiram índice de concordância satisfatório, sendo necessárias quatro avaliações até que se atingisse esse índice em todas as alternativas. Ao final, o material foi constituído de cinco histórias, seguidas de perguntas de modificações livres e alternativas de modificação de aspectos da mesma. Considerando a elevada concordância entre os juízes ao final das avaliações, julgou-se o material adequado para avaliar o pensamento contrafactual de adultos.
A influência dos estilos de liderança sobre os resultados de treinamento
Authors: Silva Neilda De Souza Oliveira da , Mourão Luciana
Published: May 2015

Considerando que o treinamento se relaciona com os demais subsistemas de gestão de pessoas e que esta área está interligada ao comportamento humano no trabalho, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se a percepção do estilo de liderança dos chefes influencia no impacto do treinamento no desempenho dos subordinados, tendo o suporte à transferência como variável controle. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi realizada pesquisa com 264 empregados de uma indústria de refrigerante situada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O referencial teórico que embasou a pesquisa foi o da Liderança Situacional proposta por Hersey e Blanchard. O suporte à transferência foi incluído no modelo como variável controle, por ser a variável que mais explica o impacto do treinamento. Os resultados apontam correlação positiva do impacto do treinamento no trabalho com ambos os estilos de liderança – voltado para as pessoas e voltado para a produção. Porém, somente a percepção de liderança preocupada com a produção e o suporte à transferência constaram como preditores do impacto do treinamento. Assim, é esperado maior impacto dos eventos de capacitação no desempenho no trabalho quando os egressos de treinamentos são liderados por gerentes focados na produção e quando recebem o suporte psicossocial necessário para aplicação das competências adquiridas.
Psicología Iberoamericana y autobiografías
Authors: Rodríguez Tomás Caycho
Published: May 2015

Klappenbach, H., & León, R.(2014). História da Psicología Ibero-americana em Autobiografías. Sao Paulo: Vetor. ISBN: 978-85-7585-742-7. Págs. 290.
Fathers and parental support in everyday family life: informal support in Sweden beyond the auspices of the welfare state
Authors: Wissö Therése , Plantin Lars
Published: May 2015

Based on a qualitative study of Swedish parents with small children, this article focuses on fathers’ access to informal support in their parenting, for example in the form of practical help and emotional support. The article discusses the importance of informal social capital in parents’ everyday lives. Family members play a significant role with regard to practical help with the children, while friends and particularly work colleagues are important sources of emotional support, with fathers sharing the joys and burdens of parenthood with colleagues. Discursive resources concerning involved and emotional fatherhood are thus available to the fathers interviewed in the study, and the workplace becomes an arena in which fathering practices are formed. The findings support the idea of role expansion, that having access to multiple arenas, including in this case the workplace, can serve as a positive resource for working parents.
A novel tool for species identification from MS/MS spectra
Authors: Diminic Janko , Zucko Jurica , Cindric Mario , Perica Kristina , Butorac Ana , Melvan Ena , Hranueli Daslav , Starcevic Antonio
Published: May 2015

ProteinReader (PT) is an expert software developed for the analysis of spectra produced with patented in-solution CAF-/CAF+ peptide derivatization reagent. PT is developed as client-server application to analyse MS/MS spectra on MALDI TOF/TOF mass spec.

Four main advantages of CAF-/CAF+ technology are:
Allows to capture same peptide in positive and negative mode of operation additional accuracy control
In positive mode of operation obtaining mostly Y-ions while in negative mode obtaining mostly B-ions - eased de novo readout
No degradation of the sample due to use of CAF-/CAF+ derivatisation reagent
Except unambiguous biotypization (species identification), antibiotic resistance can be easily find by aforementioned method

ProteinReader uses two methods for peptide search: database match (NCBInr) and de novo reading. Each peptide can be read with the two spectra, in the positive and the negative ion mode. Testing of more than 200 microorganisms showed positive identification on the species level (strain was also successfully identified if present in NCBInr database). ProteinReader was developed using open source technologies (Java, Eclipse RCP, Linux, Apache Tomcat, Infobright data warehouse) and is designed to work effectively (parallel processing) in a multitier client-server architecture.
CAF-/CAF+ patent: http://www.google.com/patents/EP2529233A2?cl=en
PBF Section for Bioinformatics: http://proteinreader.com/
IRB Laboratory for system biomedicine: http://www.irb.hr/eng/Research/Divisions-and-Centers/Division-of-Molecular-Medicine/Laboratory-for-system-biomedicine
This work was funded by HRZZ (Croatian Science Foundation) research project Clinical proteomics of microorganisms.
Acoustic communication in the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Eben Astrid , Mühlethaler Roland , Gross Jürgen , Hoch Hannelore
Published: May 2015

Intraspecific acoustic communication via substrate vibrations is common in Hemiptera. Pear psyllids are economically important as vectors of pear decline phytoplasmas. Their mating behaviour has not been previously studied. We recorded the first acoustic signals emitted by male C. pyri. Further studies will clarifiy the importance of these signals for mate finding and mate choice in this pest species.
A novel computational approach applicable to human microbiome studies – urinary tract microbiome exaple
Authors: Starcevic Antonio , Diminic Janko , Cindric Mario , Perica Kristina , Ceprnja Marina , Melvan Ena , Hranueli Daslav , Zucko Jurica
Published: May 2015

Peptide mass fingerprinting is a term which describes technique which utilizes ESI or MALDI MS followed by tandem mass spectrometry sequencing. This technique has become a cornerstone for protein identification. Today, applications using peptide mass fingerprinting in biomedical analyses are a major driving force behind its rapid development. However, efficient and accurate analyses of generally big protein tandem mass spectrometry data sets require robust software. In terms of final goal, which is data interpretation, the role of software and underlying algortihms is at least equally important as the technique itself, a fact which is often neglected. High-throughput mass spectrometry instruments can readily generate hundreds of thousands of spectra. This fact combined with the ever growing size of genomic databases imposes tremendous demands for potential successful softvare solutions. In fact, it is the process of comparing large-scale mass spectrometry data with large databases that remains the toughest bottleneck in proteomics. Here we present a completely novel approach based on natural language processing which is not just another improvement of existing approaches, but represents a paradigm shift. It doesn't rely on peak intesity for database peptide matching and it uses newly developed concept of microbial proteome fingerptints for strain/species identification. Since this new algorithm doesn't rely on sequence alignment but instead utilizes a concept of singular proteome fingerprints rather than sets of unrelated peptides, it proposes an elegant solution for this most troubling step in proteome analyses. Abandoning BLAST and other alignment based methods. results in far superior processing speed, accuracy and sensitivity. The above mentioned algortithm can be used to analyse not only proteomes but also metaproteomes coming from mixed microbe communities as in the case presented human urine samples taken from a hospital. The method itself is completely generic, not developed with any specific platform in mind, which makes it highly versatile, able to turn any existing device into highly efficient metaproteome analyzer without siginificant costs related to purchase of new equipment. This work was funded by HRZZ (Croatian Science Foundation) research project Clinical proteomics of microorganisms.
Nested Krylov methods for shifted linear systems
Authors: Baumann Manuel , van Gijzen Martin B.
Published: May 2015

Most algorithms for the simultaneous solution of shifted linear systems make use of the shift-invariance property of the underlying Krylov spaces. This particular comes into play when preconditioning is taken into account. We propose a new iterative framework for the solution of shifted systems that uses an inner multi-shift Krylov method as a preconditioner within a flexible outer Krylov method. Shift-invariance is preserved if the inner method yields collinear residuals.
Deuterated nucleotides as chemical probes of RNA structure: a detailed protocol for the enzymatic synthesis of a complete set of nucleotides specifically deuterated at ribose carbons
Authors: Azad Robert N. , Ingle Shakti , Tullius Thomas D.
Published: May 2015

We describe here a detailed protocol for the synthesis of ribonucleotides specifically deuterated at each ribose carbon atom. We synthesized 20 specifically deuterated ribonucleotides: ATP, CTP, GTP, and UTP, each of which contained one of five deuterated riboses (either 1′-D, 2″-D, 3′-D, 4′-D, or 5′,5″-D2). Our synthetic approach is inspired by the pioneering work of Tolbert and Williamson, who developed a method for the convenient one-pot enzymatic synthesis of nucleotides (Tolbert, T. J. and Williamson, J. R. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 7929–7940). Our protocol consists of a comprehensive list of required chemical and enzymatic reagents and equipment, detailed procedures for enzymatic assays and nucleotide synthesis, and chromatographic procedures for purification of deuterated nucleotides. As an example of the utility of specifically deuterated nucleotides, we used them to synthesize specifically deuterated sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) RNA and measured the deuterium kinetic isotope effect on hydroxyl radical cleavage of the SRL.
Examination of nutrition habits of high school students 14-18 age
14-18 yaş lise öğrencilerinin beslenme alişkanliklarının incelenmesi
Authors: Ildız Mutlu , Saygın Özcan , Özmerdivenli Recep
Published: May 2015

The aim of the study is to examine eating habits of high school students ages 14-18. A total of 610 (313 girls, 297 boys) volunteer students who is attending in high schools in Denizli, participated in the study. Eating habits were determined by dietary questionnaire which consisting of 10 questions. Statistical calculations were performed with SPSS. To find differences by gender chi-square test were applied. In the event of P values less than 0.05 between-group differences and relationships between variables were considered significant.

It was found that p<0.01 level of significant difference between the boys and girls given responses to “Do you always eat your breakfast?”. In the other age groups there was no significant difference.  66.0% of male high school students and 64.9% of the female high school students who participated to survey stated that they hadn’t skipped their lunch with always having their lunch. Whereas at the dinner as a very large majority like 93.3% of boys and 86.6% girls stated that they had always consumed their meals regularly.

As a result, it can be say that breakfast is the meal that mostly skipped by adolescent students at the age 14-18 and they haven’t regular eating habit and depending on gender there are some changes in eating habits.

Özet:

Bu çalışma, 14-18 yaş lise öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya Denizli ili merkez liselerde öğrenim gören 313 kız, 297 erkek olmak üzere toplam 610 gönüllü öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemsel modeli tarama yöntemi olup, katılımcılara beslenme alışkanlıklarını öğrenebilmek için 10 sorudan oluşan beslenme anketi uygulanmıştır. İstatiksel hesaplamalar SPSS programında yapılmıştır. Cinsiyetlere göre farkı bulmak için ki kare testi uygulanmıştır. P değerinin 0,05’ten küçük olması durumunda gruplar arası fark ve değişkenler arası ilişki anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.

Erkek ve kız lise öğrencilerinin sabah öğünlerinizi her zaman yer misiniz? sorusuna verdikleri cevaplar arasında p<0,01 düzeyinde anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Diğer yaş gruplarında ise anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Araştırmaya katılan erkek lise öğrencilerinin %66.0’sı, kızların ise %64.9’u öğle yemeklerini her zaman yiyerek öğle öğününü atlamadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Akşam öğününde ise erkeklerde %93.3, kızlarda ise %86.6 gibi çok büyük bir çoğunluk her zaman öğünü düzenli olarak tükettiklerini belirtmişlerdir.

Sonuç olarak, 14-18 yaş adölesan öğrencilerin en çok atladıkları öğünün kahvaltı olduğu, beslenme alışkanlıklarının düzenli olmadığı, cinsiyete bağlı beslenme alışkanlıklarında değişiklikler meydana geldiği söylenebilir.
The Mocking Mermaid: Maps And Mapping In Kenneth Slessor’s Poetic Sequence The Atlas, Part Four
Authors: Haft Adele J.
Published: May 2015

Midway through composing his five-poem sequence The Atlas (ca. 1930), the acclaimed Australian poet Kenneth Slessor suddenly wrote “Southerne Sea” in his poetry journal. He’d just chosen John Speed’s famous double-hemisphere map, A New and Accurat Map of the World (1651/1676), as the epithet of his fourth poem “Mermaids.” Unlike the cartographic epigraphs introducing the other poems, however, this map has little to do with “Mermaids,” which is a riotous romp through seas of fantastic creatures, and a paean to the maps that gave such creatures immortality. The map features a vast “Southerne Unknowne Land,” but no mythical beasts. And while it names “Southerne Sea” and “Mar del Zur,” neither “Mermaids” nor The Atlas mentions Australia or the Southern Sea. Moreover, Slessor’s sailors are “staring from maps in sweet and poisoned places,” yet what the poem describes are “portulano maps,” replete with compass roses and rhumb lines—features notably absent on A New and Accurat Map of the World. My paper, the fifth part of the first full-scale examination of Slessor’s ambitious but poorly understood sequence, retraces his creative process to reveal why he chose the so-called Speed map. In the process, it extricates the poem from what Slessor originally called “Lost Lands Mermaids” in his journal, details his debt to the ephemeral map catalogue in which he discovered his epigraph, and, finally, offers alternative cartographic representations for “Mermaids.” Among them, Norman Lindsay’s delightful frontispiece for Cuckooz Contrey (1932), the collection in which The Atlas debuted as the opening sequence.
Hepatitis C virus and autophagy
Authors: Wang Linya , James Ou Jing-hsiung
Published: May 2015

Autophagy is a catabolic process by which cells remove protein aggregates and damaged organelles for recycling. It can also be used by cells to remove intracellular microbial pathogens, including viruses, in a process known as xenophagy. However, many viruses have developed mechanisms to subvert this intracellular antiviral response and even use this pathway to support their own replications. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one such virus and is an important human pathogen that can cause severe liver diseases. Recent studies indicated that HCV could activate the autophagic pathway to support its replication. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interplay between HCV and autophagy and how this interplay affects HCV replication and host innate immune responses.
AGC System after Deregulation Considering TCPS in Series with the Tie-Line
Authors: Abraham Rajesh Joseph , Das D. , Patra A.
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the study of automatic generation control (AGC) of two area interconnected power system after deregulation, considering a thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) in series with the tie-line. It is possible to minimize the system frequency and tie-power oscillations by controlling the phase angle of TCPS which is expected to provide a new ancillary service for the future power system. Effect of TCPS is examined for three different cases, i.e. (1) unilateral contract, (2) bilateral contract and (3) contract violation. Analysis reveals that a TCPS is quite capable of suppressing the frequency and tie-power oscillations effectively as compared to that obtained without TCPS.
No Proper Name, No Proper Conduct: Company Affiliation and Product Quality in Wenzhou
Authors: Liao Zhimin
Published: May 2015

This case study demonstrates the far-reaching impact on product quality when private firms were legally recognized and allowed to operate with their own brand names. Previously, when the private firms were forced to affiliate themselves with a governmental organization to get around the entry barrier, they had little incentive to improve the product quality, because too many enterprises were using a same brand name with no effective supervision on each other. Price competition was the only means to survive. This explains the persistent notorious waves of inferior goods through the 1980s to early 1990s. The legalization of private firms in 1992 brought about dramatic improvement in product quality, when the entry barrier against private firms was abolished and private firms began to operate under their own names, and competition through quality improvement began to prevail.
Determination of sub-groups in reference interval calculations and an application
Authors: Temel Gülhan Orekici , Kanık E. Arzu , Yildirim Didem Derici , Ovla H. Didem , Kalafat Hakan
Published: May 2015

Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the methods used for dividing reference data into sub-groups and propose a new solution. Therefore, the newly proposed method is used to determine age sub-groups while calculating the reference interval of AST variable.

Methods: The data of this study are composed of the registered patients who applied only once to the polyclinics at the Health Research and Application Hospital, Clinical Bio-Chemistry Laboratory of Mersin University. The main variables selected for the study are sex, age and aspartate transaminase (AST). MARS 2.0 package software was used for the statistical analysis. Harris&Boyd method was used for sex and age while the MARS method was used for the determination of age sub-groups.

Results: According to the Harris&Boyd method, it was concluded that it is not necessary to create sub-groups for sex and age variables. Age sub-groups are determined with the MARS method by taking into account the correlations between AST variables and age. Age sub-groups are calculated as 5-9, 10-18 and 19+. Correlation between the age and AST variable is investigated for these sub-groups. It is obtained that the correlation is statistically not significant for the 5-9 age group (p=0.3189), significant for the 10-18 age group (p<0.001) and significant for 19 and above (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The selection of transformation and outlier value elimination method and especially determination criteria for separation of sub-groups are made according to researcher’s subjective desicions in the application of many studies. Because of this reason, MARS can be used as an alternative and objective method for determining subgroups. In addition, results of MARS method being parallel with the findings of the producing company supported the usage of this method for determination of sub-groups.
Determination of some physicochemical parameteres and inorganic nutrient content of Gediz River (Manisa)
Authors: Şentürk Tuğba , Yıldız Şükran
Published: May 2015

Objective: This present investigation aimed at assessing the water quality of the Gediz River located in western Turkey.

Methods: Some physicochemical parameters and nutrient concentrations of the surface water of Gediz River were determined over a period of twelve months (October to September 2012) at 5 sampling sites along the river.

Results: Data on some ions namely NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO-34-P were measured. The pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity and dissolved oxygen were also determined to assess the chemical status and pollution levels of the river. The measured data were given as mean, maximum, minimum values, respectively. In this context; the ranges for Water temperature [17.95°C±1.37ºC (30.2-4.5)], pH [7.45±0.06 (8.11-6.66)], Dissolved Oxygen [3.84±0.65 mg/L (6.25-2.43)], Electrical Conductivity (E.C) [1051.4±216.07 μS/cm (3000-296)], Salinity [0,16±0,05 ppt (0,8-0,1)], Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) [1.772±0.8228 mg/L (4.642-0.057)], Nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) [0.605±0.4224 mg/L (2.312-0.050)], Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) [46.014±44.9878 mg/L (151.965-2.855)], Phosphate phosphorus (PO-34-P) [5.489±3.6356 mg/L (20.350-0.190)] were found to be higher than the natural background levels for surface water.

Conclusion: This indicates pollution of the river water samples from the areas studied. Our findings highlighted the deterioration of water quality of the river due to anthropogenic and agriculturel activities.
Characterization of three new plasmids from Lactobacillus paracasei 54
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Zhao Yizhen , Zhang Chen , Shen Lei , Jiang Han , Gu Qing
Published: May 2015

Objective: Three plasmids from Lactobacillus paracasei 54 were isolated from healthy newborn infant fecal samples.

Methods: Plasmid was extracted using an AxyPrep Plasmid Miniprep Kit and lysozyme. The extracted plasmids were sequenced using a Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX.

Results: Three plasmids were isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei 54. These plasmids are designated pLP5401- 03, and they are 9754, 6650, and 1788 bp in size.

Conclusion: Plasmids pLP5401 and pLP5402 were found to contain replication genes that are likely to function via the theta-type mechanism. Plasmid pLP5403 is predicted to replicate via the rolling-circle replication (RCR) mechanism. The RCR replication plasmid can be applied as a useful vector in the food industry
Über die Darstellung sowie Elektronen-und CD-Spektren der Co(I)-Form einiger natürlicher Corrinoide / Synthesis and Spectra (Electronic, CD ) of the Co(I) Form of Several Natural Corrinoids
Authors: Moskophidis Matthäus
Published: May 2015

Several natural corrinoids, cobalamin, 5-hydroxybenzimidazolyl cobamide (factor III), adenyl cobam ide (pseudovitam in B12), 2-methyladenyl cobamide (factor A) and cobyric acid, were reduc­ed with sodium borohydride. The reduction of cyanocobalam in is slow as compared with that of factor III and especially of the other corrinoids under study. At longer wavelengths (λ > 300 nm) the electronic spectra of the Co(I)-corrinoids are nearly identical. The same is to say about the CD-spectra of the Co(I)-corrinoids examined.
A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Investigation of Water in Solutions with Proline, Glycinebetaine, Glycerol and Albumin
Authors: Schobert Brigitte
Published: May 2015

The (ν2 + ν3) combination band of water has been investigated in aqueous solutions of proline, glycinebetaine and glycerol and in a three component solution with each of these substances and albumin. It is shown that the hydrogen bonding strength between the water protons and proline or betaine is higher than between water and glycerol. Betaine exhibits a higher affinity versus the oxygen of water than does proline.

The water binding capacity of pure proline solutions is unchanged in a three-component solution with albumin. Proline neither enhances nor reduces the solubility of this highly soluble protein. In contrast, in a three-component solution with betaine, the solubility of both betaine and album in is reduced. It is assumed that these solute particles compete for the same binding position on the water molecule. Concentrated glycerol solutions with very low water concentrations dissolve a considerable amount of albumin, which points to the fact that the protein must be partly dissolved in glycerol itself.
Sinapine Esterase I. Characterization of Sinapine Esterase from Cotyledons of Raphanus sativus
Authors: Nurmann Gerhild , Strack Dieter
Published: May 2015

From cotyledons of Raphanus sativus (red radish) an esterase activity which catalyzes the hy­drolysis of sinapine into sinapic acid and choline has been isolated. The enzyme, which has a near absolute specificity, is not analogous with any esterase described in the literature. The reaction has a pH optimum of 8.5 and the apparent Km is 1.95 × 10-5 m. The enzyme is relatively insensi­tive to both physostigmine (eserine) {Ki = 1.73 × 10-4 m) and neostigmine (Ki = 2 .1 3 × 10-4 ᴍ). Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) showed no inhibition and diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate (E 600) only a slight inhibitory effect at 10-5 ᴍ, respectively. Choline (10-2 ᴍ) was inhibitory but acetylcholine (10-2 ᴍ) stimulated the enzyme activity.
Purification and Properties of the Soluble 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase of Rabbit Uterus
Authors: Pollow Kunhard , Eiger Walter , Heßlinger Herrmann , Pollow Barbara
Published: May 2015

17 β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards estradiol-17 β has been demonstrated in the 105,000 X g supernatant of rabbit uterus. Hydroxylapatite chromatography of the enzyme activity isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromato­graphy yielded a single 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Further purification of the enzyme preparation by isoelectric focusing resulted in multiple peaks of activity. The molecular weight or the enzyme, calculated from mobility data on Sephadex gel, is approximately 64,000.

Some properties of partially purified 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity have been studied.

Estradiol-17 β reacts at a faster rate than testosterone. The Km for estradiol is 4.16X 10-5 mol/1 for the NAD-linked enzyme activity and 4.37 X 10-5 mol/1 when NADP as cofactor was used. The ratio of the maximal velocity for NADP to that for NAD was 1.42. The pH-optimum for estradiol appears between 9.5 and 10.5 and for estrone between 5.5 and 6.5. The enzyme appears to be of the sulfhydryl type.
Inhibition of E. coli ʟ-Asparaginase by Reaction with 2,3-Butanedione. Chemical Modification of Arginine and Histidine Residues
Authors: Petz Dorothee , Löffler Hans-Gerhard , Schneider Friedh.
Published: May 2015

The inactivation of E. coli asparaginase by 2,3-butanedione studied with ʟ-asparagine and diazooxonorvaline as substrates obeys pseudo first order kinetics. Activity losses are linear with respect to arginine and histidine modification, with complete inactivation being correlated with alteration of one arginine and one histidine per subunit. The rate of inactivation of the enzym was reduced in the presence of competitive inhibitors like ʟ-2-amino-2-carboxyethane-sulfonamide. Un der comparable conditions 1,2-cyclo hexanedione does not affect the activity of ʟ-asparaginase.