bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
´Sou quem sou, e não sou nada, sou uma história já contada´: Sujeitos cênicos - expressão erótica na obra audiovisual de Ney Matogrosso no contexto de autoritarismo (1975-1982)
Authors: Silva Robson Pereira da
Published: March 2016

Verifica-se no presente artigo as investigações acerca das transgressões performáticas de Ney Matogrosso, no contexto da ditadura civil militar brasileira. Desta feita, percebe-se a exibição de sujeitos (tipos/arquétipos) marginais, nos procedimentos performáticos (fonograma, capa, encarte, espetáculo) que configuraram o sentido das obras do artista, durante as décadas 1970 e 1980. Em suas obras, Ney Matogrosso, inverteu a ideia regida pela cultura afluente, em procedimentos compostos por materiais audiovisuais dispostos e difundidos em uma indústria cultural, o que garantiu historicamente a materialidade da produção do intérprete na Música Popular Brasileira. Em consequência disso, temos o acesso ao registro da performance. Neste estudo, preconiza-se a historicidade da estética da subversão posta nas obras de Ney Matogrosso, como uma atitude política frente ao regime de autoritarismo produtor de interdições do potencial erótico.
GRIMSON, Alejandro. Los límites de la cultura. Crítica de las teorías de la identidad. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI editores, 2011. 272 p.
Authors: Roca José Ignacio
Published: March 2016

Este texto desenvolve uma resenha do livro Los Limits de la cultura. Crítica às teorias da identidade, do antropólogo argentino Alejandro Grimson, publicada em 2011 em Buenos Aires pela editora Siglo XXI editores. Neste trabalho o autor analisa conceitos centrais das ciências sociais como cultura, identidade, conhecimento, nação e política a partir das discussões geradas por suas interpretações clássicas e pós-modernas. A tese do livro suscita um esgotamento epistemológico e metodológico dessas noções, para as quais o autor sugere uma superação de ambas as tradições com o objetivo de promover abordagens atualizadas dos problemas sociais contemporâneos. Sua proposta, então, se refletirá no conceito de configurações culturais ao longo dos seis capítulos que compõem a obra.
TRAVERSO, Enzo. L'histoire comme champ de bataille: interpréter les violences du XXe siècle. Paris: La Découverte, 2012.
Authors: Narita Felipe Ziotti
Published: March 2016

Resenha: Em 2010, Dan Diner (2010, p. 9) questionava a atualidade do juízo (Urteil) histórico para o entendimento de questões e problemas prementes no mundo contemporâneo: a densa empreitada de Diner implica um mergulho na Ilustração e nas intricadas relações tecidas entre o moderno, a modernidade e a modernização ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX. Questão semelhante foi levantada por Enzo Traverso em 2012, na obra L’histoire comme champ de bataille (“A história como campo de batalha” – ainda sem tradução brasileira), publicada pelas edições La Découverte. Diferentemente de Diner, no entanto, Traverso não se debruça sobre os séculos XVIII e XIX: as questões do mundo contemporâneo dizem respeito, sobretudo, ao insólito século XX. A reflexão e o juízo históricos iluminam os fantasmas de um século que se arrasta nas dobras do presente. Traverso, historiador que leciona Ciência Política da Universidade de Picardia Jules Verne, é bem conhecido por seus trabalhos sobre o genocídio nazista, os totalitarismos do século XX, as guerras europeias (1914-1945) e as obras de Siegfried Kracauer. Em L’histoire comme champ de bataille, o autor busca uma discussão teórica com as principais abordagens e conceitos propostos para o entendimento do século XX...
Identidades religiosas no mundo romano: o caso de judeus e cristãos na Ásia Menor dos séculos I e II d.C.
Authors: Selvatici Monica
Published: March 2016

No quadro dos estudos sobre a questão das identidades religiosas na antiguidade, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a identidade judaica construída pelos judeus da Ásia Menor no século I d.C. e as implicações que tal construção identitária possui sobre a formação e composição étnica das comunidades cristãs nesta mesma região. O artigo se propõe, em seguida, examinar a construção da identidade cristã em meio às relações conflituosas, sobretudo no século II d.C., que a população grega da Ásia Menor e as autoridades romanas mantêm com os cristãos ali residentes. Para tanto, são analisados os textos neotestamentários Atos dos Apóstolos e Apocalipse, além das obras de Justino o mártir e a correspondência entre Plínio o jovem e o imperador Trajano acerca dos cristãos.
A Recepção dos Códices de Nag Hammadi: Gnose e Cristianismo no Egito Romano da Antiguidade Tardia
Authors: Dias Chaves Julio Cesar , Painchaud Louis
Published: March 2016

Os Códices de Nag Hammadi começaram a despertar o interesse dos estudiosos do cristianismo antigo e das religiões no Império Romano já alguns anos depois de sua descoberta em 1945. Esses códices, geralmente associados ao fenômeno religioso chamado de gnosticismo, são não somente uma demonstração da diversidade do cristianismo no Império Romano, mas também um exemplo peculiar da transmissão e recepção de textos cristãos na Antiguidade tardia. Se os textos que integram os códices em questão foram provavelmente compostos em grego entre os séculos II e III, nas mais diversas localidades do Império, o que se tem hoje são traduções coptas compiladas no Egito na segunda metade do séc. IV. O gosto natural pelo mais antigo e a busca pela conjuntura dita gnóstica levaram os historiadores a priorizarem o estudo do contexto original grego de composição desses textos. No entanto, nas últimas décadas, o interesse pelo contexto de compilação dos escritos em questão tem crescido consideravelmente; o presente artigo se inscreve nessa perspectiva, sugerindo uma nova abordagem que, por meio da comparação literária e da teoria da recepção, busca explicar como e porque os textos de Nag Hammadi foram compilados e lidos no Egito da Antiguidade tardia.
Social Determinants of a Potential Spillover of Bat-Borne Viruses to Humans in Ghana
Authors: Lawson Elaine Tweneboah , S. Ayivor Jesse , Ohemeng Fidelia , Ntiamoa-Baidu Yaa
Published: March 2016

Bats are well-recognized reservoirs of a number of zoonotic viruses including henipavirus. The straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) and the Gambian epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus gambianus) can in found in many parts of Ghana, raising concerns about the possibility of a spillover of henipavirus from bats to humans. However the context-specific socio-economic factors that may increase points of contact between bats and humans have still not been adequately identified. Using a number of participatory methods, this in-depth investigation sought to understand the behavioural and socio-economic factors that could facilitate henipavirus spillover to humans in Ghana. Direct exposure included people coming into contact with fresh bat meat through eating, hunting and processing bat meat. Indirect exposure included sitting, selling under bat roosts as well as exposure to bat faeces through contaminated water. Gender was most strongly associated with exposure, compared to age and education. Perceptions of disease risk from bats were generally low among respondents. The study highlights the complexities of sustainably managing a potential henipavirus spillover into humans in Ghana. It recommends the establishment of a multidisciplinary team made up of ecologists, social scientists, legal, veterinary and public health experts to manage such a spillover. The paper also recommends continuous education to encourage behavioural changes in people and to develop sustainable and relevant zoonoses prevention practices especially among identified groups at risk.
Determination of Narasin in Chicken Fat: A Bridging Study Comparing the Bioautographic Method (FSIS CLG Method R22) to a Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method (AOAC Method 2011.24)
Authors: Mizinga Kemmy M , Burnett Thomas J , Brunelle Sharon L , Wallace Michael A , Coleman Mark R
Published: March 2016

Lilly Method AM-AA-CA-R108-AB-755, which is substantially the same as U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Chemistry Laboratory Guidebook (CLG) method R22, is the current regulatory method for determining narasin in cattle and chicken tissues and is based on bioautography, creating a zone of inhibition of bacterial growth, with the size of the zone correlating to the amount of narasin extracted from the tissue. AOAC Method 2011.24 is an LC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for determining narasin content from bovine, swine, or chicken tissues. It has many advantages over the regulatory method, including higher throughput, less solvent use, no use of carbon tetrachloride, a wider method range, inclusion of swine tissues, and it is less labor intensive. In this study, AOAC Method 2011.24 was compared to FSIS CLG method R22 for the determination of narasin in chicken abdominal fat. Fortified chicken-fat samples ranging from 20 to 960 ng/g and incurred chicken-fat samples ranging from 40 to 480 ng/g were assayed by both methods in triplicate. Mean accuracies for the two methods were similar, 77–110% for CLG R22 and 84–96% for AOAC Method 2011.24, and the method results showed a linear correlation. The methods differed in precision, however, with the CLG R22 method yielding 2.6–34% RSD and AOAC Method 2011.24 yielding 0.15–6.4% RSD. It is recommended that AOAC Method 2011.24–granted AOAC Official MethodSM Final Action status—be adopted as the official U.S. regulatory method.
Validation of the RIDASCREEN®FAST Milk Kit
Authors: Weiss Thomas , Lacorn Markus , Flannery Jonathan , Benzinger M Joseph , Bird Patrick , Crowley Erin S , Goins Dave , Agin James R , Gilani Sarwar , Poepping Bert , Garber Eric
Published: March 2016

The RIDASCREEN®FAST Milk test is a sandwich ELISA for the rapid quantification of milk proteins in various foods. The specific antibodies target casein and β-lactoglobulin. Samples are extracted and can then be analyzed in less than 40 min. The calibration curve covers a range from 2.5 to 67.5 mg/kg milk protein. The assay was validated with cookies, infant formula, chocolate dessert, ice cream, and sausages. All negative samples were found well below the LOQ of 2.5 mg/kg. Recoveries of the spiked samples were mostly in the range of 80–120%. The LOD of the ELISA was found below 1 mg/kg. The analysis of 39 different substances of interest revealed that no cross-reactivity above the LOQ occurred. Ruggedness testing proved that variations in incubation temperature, reagent volume, incubation time, extraction temperature, and extraction time had no significant influence. The stability at 4–8°C of three independent lots was investigated and found to exceed 18 months. Very good lot-to-lot consistency and no significant loss of the analytical capacity over the shelf life were observed. Incurred cookies and chocolate dessert samples were prepared and analyzed by an independent laboratory; mean recoveries of 94.4 and 102.2% and mean SDs of 10.9 and 6.3%, respectively, were found. For the 0 mg/kg level for both materials, all samples tested returned values of <2.5 mg/kg. Therefore, the analytical performance claims of the manufacturer were confirmed.
DETERMINANTES DA ESTRUTURA DE CAPITAL DAS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS DE CAPITAL ABERTO DO AGRONEGÓCIO: UM ESTUDO A LUZ DAS TEORIAS TRADE OFF E PECKING ORDER
Authors: Kaveski Itzhak David Simão , Hall Rosemar José , Degenhart Larissa , Vogt Mara , Hein Nelson
Published: March 2016

O estudo objetiva analisar os fatores determinantes da Estrutura de Capital das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto do agronegócio, com base na teoria do Trade Off e Pecking Order. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, com análise documental e abordagem quantitativa. A amostra é composta por 54 empresas brasileiras do agronegócio de capital aberto. A análise compreendeu o período de 2009 a 2012 e os dados foram retirados do banco de dados da Thomson One Banker®. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que quanto maior for o Tamanho e a Rentabilidade do Ativo Total das empresas brasileiras do agronegócio, menor é a concentração de utilização de recursos externos de curto prazo e maior é a utilização de recursos externos em um conjunto total como forma financiamento de seus investimentos. Além disso, as empresas rentáveis também utilizam mais os recursos externos de longo prazo. Por fim, as companhias de agronegócio com melhor Tangibilidade utilizam mais recursos externos de curto prazo e menos de longo prazo como forma financiamento de seus investimentos. Conclui-se que as empresas brasileiras do agronegócio de capital aberto, quanto ao seu endividamento, estão apoiadas tanto na teoria do Pecking Order como na teoria do Trade Off.
ENVELHECIMENTO POPULACIONAL, MERCADO DE TRABALHO E POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE EMPREGO NO BRASIL
Authors: Gomes Patricia Silva , Pamplona João Batista
Published: March 2016

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar o processo de envelhecimento populacional no Brasil e analisar suas consequências para o mercado de trabalho e a política pública de emprego. Para tanto, é realizada revisão crítica da literatura e são apresentados dados quantitativos descritivos e estatísticos de fontes secundárias. A taxa de participação dos idosos no mercado de trabalho no Brasil é 44%. É uma taxa elevada para os padrões de países desenvolvidos. No entanto, o maior desafio para a política pública de emprego para idosos no Brasil é sua baixa escolaridade. No país, não existe política pública de emprego específica para os idosos. Fora do campo previdenciário, praticamente não há ação governamental com o objetivo de alterar o nível de emprego entre os idosos. A implantação de política pública de emprego específica para idosos pode amenizar os efeitos negativos do envelhecimento populacional sobre o mercado de trabalho, a exemplo do que já ocorre nos países da OCDE.
Análise da demanda de vagas na educação superior como principio de formação docente no munícipio de Paço do Lumiar / Analysis of job demand for vancancies in higher education as a principle of teacher training in city of Paço do Lumiar
Authors: Dias Walquiria Pereira da Silva , Dias Julio França
Published: March 2016

Ao considerar os desafios inerentes à educação, a formação docente apresenta-se enquanto tema em constante discussão. Assim sendo, refletir acerca da qualidade dos cursos oferecidos é essencial para a construção sólida das bases formativas dos profissionais atuantes no mercado de trabalho. Nesse contexto, o munícipio de Paço do Lumiar, devido ao desenvolvimento populacional e de infraestrutura, tem apresentado um aumento na demanda de vagas de cursos superiores. Desse modo, esta produção aborda a relação da oferta/demanda de vagas com a qualidade dos cursos voltados à formação docente, no munício luminense. Para tanto, os embasamentos teóricos, a partir da análise de dados e documentos, fixaram-se na legislação, na história da educação superior no Brasil e no panorama atual da educação básica de Paço Lumiar. A presente pesquisa concretizou-se no Instituto Superior Franciscano (IESF), instituição de referência na localidade, junto aos graduandos de pedagogia, a partir de entrevistas e questionários. Destarte, este estudo é oriundo das inquietações dos autores acerca da educação, a qual possui com um de seus pilares a formação de profissionais competentes e qualificados.

Palavras-Chave: educação, desenvolvimento social, formação docente, qualidade.

Abstract

Considering the challenges of education, teacher training is presented as a subject in constant discussion. Therefore, reflecting on the quality of the courses offered is essential to the solid construction of the training bases of professionals working in the job market. In this context, the city of Paço do Lumiar, due to population development and infrastructure, has shown an increase in demand for higher education places. Thus, this production approaches the relationship of supply / demand for vacancies with the quality of courses focused on teacher training, in this city. Therefore, the theoretical grounds, from the data and document analysis, were fixed in legislation in the history of higher education in Brazil and the current situation of basic education in Paço do Lumiar. This research has been made at the Franciscan Institute (IESF), a reference institution in the town, with pedagogy of graduate students, by interviews and questionnaires. Thus, this study arises from the concerns of the authors about education, which has one of its pillars with the formation of competent and qualified professionals.

Keywords : education, social development, teacher training, quality.

 
O sabor do pinhão e as paisagens de uma região contestada e silenciada / The savor of pinhão and the landscapes of a contested and silenced region
Authors: Fraga Nilson Cesar , Silveira Heitor Matos
Published: March 2016

Na relação entre sabor e saber, buscamos no presente artigo discutir o sabor do pinhão e as paisagens criadas pelas sapecadas do pinhão numa região que historicamente e politicamente foi e é silenciada. A paisagem será tomada tanto como é uma marca, pois expressa uma civilização, mas é também uma matriz, porque participa dos esquemas de percepção, de concepção e de ação. Essa paisagem do Contestado, construída pelos saberes e sabores, marcada profundamente pelos caboclos e que participa dos esquemas de percepção e ação deles em sua existência e sobrevivência, tornando-se uma matriz, é o cerne da discussão em tela.

Palavras–chave: Geografia dos Sabores; Paisagem; Pinhão; Região do Contestado (SC/PR)

 

Abstract

In the relation between savor and knowledge, we aim in the present paper discuss the savor of pinion and the landscapes created by the sapecada of pion in a region that has been silenced historically and politically. The landscape will be comprehended such as a mark, because it express a civilization, but it’s also a matrix, because it participates in the schemes of perception, conception and action. This landscape of Contestado, builded by the savors and knowledge, profoundly marked by the caboclos and that participates of their perception and action schemes in its existence and survival, becoming an stamp, is the core of the discussion here realized.

Keywords: Geography of Savors; Landscape; Pinhão; Contestado’s Region (SC/PR)

 
Áreas malditas: a estigmatização de espaços urbanos / Damn areas: the stigmation of urban spaces
Authors: Vale Ciro , Maciel Tania
Published: March 2016

Existem áreas urbanas que se apresentam no imaginário coletivo como zonas de significado obscuro e inquietador, sendo, portanto, espaços desvalorizados socialmente, tais como asilos, cemitérios, necrotérios, hospitais, presídios, lixões, albergues e zonas de prostituição, e que são vistas como “áreas malditas”, apesar de serem ligadas a realidades inalienáveis da vida social como a morte, a loucura, a velhice, a criminalidade, o lixo e o erotismo. Neste artigo, interessou-nos investigar, especificamente, o espaço dos cemitérios e das zonas de prostituição. Segundo nossa hipótese, a “maldição” que tais áreas carregam se ligaria ao fato de que elas são associadas à morte, seja ela física ou simbólica. Para isso, recorremos a um referencial teórico que contempla as características de tais espaços.

Palavras-chave: áreas malditas, estigmatização, espaço.

 

Abstract

There are urban areas that present in the collective imagination as dark and disquieting meaning zones, and is therefore socially devalued spaces, such as nursing homes, cemeteries, morgues, hospitals, prisons, garbage dumps, hostels and prostitution zones and which are seen as "cursed areas", despite being linked to inalienable realities of social life and death, madness, old age, crime, garbage and eroticism. In this article, we were interested in investigating specifically the space of cemeteries and prostitution zones. According to our hypothesis, the "curse" that carry such areas would bind to the fact that they are associated with death, whether physical or symbolic. For this, we used a theoretical framework that includes the characteristics of such spaces.

Keywords: damned areas, stigmatization, space.

 
Mobilidade pendular e a dispersão espacial da população: evidências com base nos fluxos com destino às principais metrópoles brasileiras / Commuting and spatial dispersion of population: evidence based on the flow to Brazilian major urban centers
Authors: Lobo Carlos
Published: March 2016

As grandes cidades brasileiras, sobretudo aquelas que experimentaram rápido crescimento demográfico a partir de meados do século passado, vêm apresentando sinais de queda no poder de atração populacional e dispersão espacial da população, notadamente para suas periferias imediatas, o que caracteriza uma ampliação no nível de comutação metropolitana. Esse artigo busca avaliar a magnitude atual e as principais características da denominada mobilidade pendular, identificadas pelos deslocamentos diários da população residente nos municípios de cada Unidade da Federação que trabalha ou estuda no metropolitano. Para tanto, foram utilizados os microdados amostrais dos últimos Censos Demográficos, incluindo combinações das variáveis “município de residência e trabalho/estudo”. Os resultados indicaram, em geral, forte incremento na mobilidade pendular metropolitana, sobretudo em relação aos municípios mais próximos e que envolvem menores distâncias do núcleo.

Palavras-Chave: Mobilidade Pendular; Dispersão Espacial da População; Metrópoles Brasileiras.

Abstract

The big Brazilian cities, especially those that have experienced rapid population growth since the middle of last century, have shown little sign of abating in the power of population attraction and spatial dispersion of the population, especially for their immediate peripheries, which features an expansion in the level of Metropolitan switching. This article seeks to assess the current magnitude and the main features of the so called commuting, identified by commuting the resident population in the municipalities of each Federation Unit working or studying at the Metropolitan. To this end, the sample microdata of the last Demographic Census were used, including combinations of variables "municipality of residence and work / study". Results indicated generally strong growth in the metropolitan commuting, especially in relation to the closest municipalities and involving shorter distances from the nucleus.

Keywords: Commuting; Spatial dispersion of the population; Brazilian metropolis.
Intervenção urbana e uso do solo na Zona Sul do Recife: análise sobre as transformações urbanas dos bairros do Pina e Boa Viagem / Urban intervention and land use in the area south of Recife: analysis of the urban transformations of the (...)
Authors: Da Silva Cleiton Ferreira
Published: March 2016

Ao longo dos últimos cinquenta anos, diversas cidades brasileiras sofreram um processo intenso de crescimento urbano, decorrente, principalmente, dos investimentos econômicos e industriais, tanto privados como estatais, além do próprio crescimento populacional. O resultado é que alguns desses espaços tornaram-se o locus do desenvolvimento e, ao mesmo tempo, da exclusão urbana, desencadeando uma série de contradições socioespaciais. O trabalho objetiva analisar de que forma ocorreu o processo de uso e ocupação do solo urbano e as consequentes políticas de intervenção desencadeadas sistematicamente nos bairros do Pina e de Boa Viagem, especialmente em sua orla, mostrando como estes processos resultaram em implicações negativas para o ambiente costeiro praial.

 

Palavras-chave: Urbanização, Uso do Solo, Projetos Urbanos, Implicações Ambientais.

 

Abstract

Over the last fifty years, many brazilian cities have a intense process of the urban growth, mainly due to economic and industrial investments, both private and state, besides himself  population growth. The result is that some of these spaces become the locus of development and at the same time, urban exclusion, triggering a series of contradictions sociospacials. The study aims to analyze how was the process of use and occupation of urban  land and the consequent intervention policies systematically unleashed in the neighborhoods Pina and Boa Viagem, especially in its edge, showing how these processes resulted in negative implications for the coastal beach environment.

 
Keywords:Urbanization, Land Use, Urban Projects, Environmental Implications
 

 
Fenômenos geofísicos, captados a partir de sensores orbitais: estimativa de temperatura na superfície de Garanhuns-PE / Geophysical phenomena, obtained from orbital sensors: estimation of temperature on the surface in Garanhuns-PE
Authors: De Melo Felippe Pessoa , Souza Rosemeri Melo e , Amador Maria Betânia Moreira
Published: March 2016

A presente pesquisa teve como finalidade realizar uma análise multitemporal, da termodinâmica da superfície de Garanhuns-PE. Para tanto, utilizou-se as geotecnologias do Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Juntamente com as imagens oriundas do satélite Landsat 5, sensor TM, banda 6, referentes aos anos de 1987, 2001 e 2010. Disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). A base vetorial, foi disponibilizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Sendo assim, foi possível confeccionar um banco de dados georreferenciados e geocronológicos, o qual, viabilizou o mapeamento temático. Possibilitando, compreender o comportamento térmico dos alvos no transcorrer do tempo. Dados esses que são de suma importância para traçar medidas de mitigação dos efeitos antropogênicos na paisagem. Logo, ficou evidenciado que a maximização das médias termais no transcorrer das décadas, foram reciprocas aos processos antropogênicos

 

Palavras–chave: termodinâmica, geotecnologias, mapeamento temático, mitigação.

 

Abstract

This research aimed to realize a multi-temporal analysis, the surface of thermodynamics in Garanhuns-PE. For this, it used the geotechnologies of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Along with the images coming from the Landsat 5 satellite, TM sensor, band 6, referring to the years 1987, 2001 and 2010. Disclosed by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The vector base, was available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Thus, it was possible to confection a georeferenced database and geochronological, which, enabled the thematic mapping. Making it possible to understand the thermal behavior of the targets in the course of time. These data are of paramount importance to draw mitigation measures of the anthropogenic effects in the landscape. Soon, it was evident that the maximization of the hot medium in the course of decades, were reciprocal to anthropogenic processes.

Keywords: garbage collectors, recycling, working conditions, Association.

 
Obesity Determines the Immunophenotypic Profile and Functional Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue
Authors: Pachón-Peña Gisela , Serena Carolina , Ejarque Miriam , Petriz Jordi , Duran Xevi , Oliva-Olivera W. , Simó Rafael , Tinahones Francisco J. , Fernández-Veledo Sonia , Vendrell Joan
Published: March 2016

Adipose tissue is a major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which possess a variety of properties that make them ideal candidates for regenerative and immunomodulatory therapies. Here, we compared the immunophenotypic profile of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) from lean and obese individuals, and explored its relationship with the apparent altered plasticity of hASCs. We also hypothesized that persistent hypoxia treatment of cultured hASCs may be necessary but not sufficient to drive significant changes in mature adipocytes. hASCs were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy, adult, female donors undergoing abdominal plastic surgery: lean (n = 8; body mass index [BMI]: 23 ± 1 kg/m2) and obese (n = 8; BMI: 35 ± 5 kg/m2). Cell surface marker expression, proliferation and migration capacity, and adipogenic differentiation potential of cultured hASCs at two different oxygen conditions were studied. Compared with lean-derived hASCs, obese-derived hASCs demonstrated increased proliferation and migration capacity but decreased lipid droplet accumulation, correlating with a higher expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II and cluster of differentiation (CD) 106 and lower expression of CD29. Of interest, adipogenic differentiation modified CD106, CD49b, HLA-ABC surface protein expression, which was dependent on the donor's BMI. Additionally, low oxygen tension increased proliferation and migration of lean but not obese hASCs, which correlated with an altered CD36 and CD49b immunophenotypic profile. In summary, the differences observed in proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity in obese hASCs occurred in parallel with changes in cell surface markers, both under basal conditions and during differentiation. Therefore, obesity is an important determinant of stem cell function independent of oxygen tension.

Significance

The obesity-related hypoxic environment may have latent effects on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) with potential consequences in mature cells. This study explores the immunophenotypic profile of hASCs obtained from lean and obese individuals and its potential relationship with the altered plasticity of hASCs observed in obesity. In this context, an altered pattern of cell surface marker expression in obese-derived hASCs in both undifferentiated and differentiated stages is demonstrated. Differences in proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity of hASCs from obese adipose tissue correlated with alterations in cell surface expression. Remarkably, altered plasticity observed in obese-derived hASCs was maintained in the absence of hypoxia, suggesting that these cells might be obesity conditioned.
Prendre la puissance économique au sérieux : jalons pour une appréhension relationnelle des contrats au sein des réseaux de production
Authors: Martin Isabelle
Published: March 2016

L’éclatement de la firme en réseaux pose un défi au niveau de l’encadrement juridique des relations de production qui s’y nouent : les contractants ne jouissent pas des protections qui accompagnent les contrats de travail malgré des inégalités de puissance économique souvent importantes. Le présent article propose donc que les contrats de production soient appréhendés à partir de la théorie relationnelle du contrat de Ian R. Macneil afin de mieux tenir compte de la réalité de l’organisation en réseaux. L’adoption de cette théorie heurte cependant deux présupposés du droit contractuel : celui de l’égale autonomie des contractants et celui de l’efficience des contrats librement consentis. Si ces présupposés sont fortement défendus par l’analyse économique du droit d’inspiration néoclassique, de récentes théories économiques remettent en question leur adéquation. Nous exposerons ces théories et verrons qu’elles apportent une théorisation de la puissance économique indispensable à une appréhension relationnelle des contrats.
Réflexion critique sur l’attractivité du groupement d’intérêt économique (GIE) en droit de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique (OHADA)
Authors: Dewedi Éric
Published: March 2016

En droit de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique (OHADA), la création du groupement d’intérêt économique (GIE) représente une opportunité laissée aux entreprises de mettre en commun leurs moyens pour accroître leurs activités économiques. Mais paradoxalement, le GIE n’est pas très utilisé par ses destinataires. Il fait ainsi l’objet d’un silence des acteurs qui conduit à s’interroger sur son attractivité. Il apparaît à l’analyse que l’un des attraits du GIE est voulu par la loi, mais qu’il est fortement compromis. En effet, les membres disposent d’une très grande liberté dans la constitution et le fonctionnement du GIE. Cette liberté n’a de limites que dans quelques règles impératives tournées vers la protection des tiers, notamment l’inopposabilité aux tiers des clauses limitatives des pouvoirs de l’adminsitrateur ou des administrateurs et la responsabilité indéfinie et solidaire des membres par rapport aux dettes du GIE. C’est cette responsabilité indéfinie et solidaire des membres relativement aux dettes du GIE qui compromet sérieusement l’attractivité de ce dernier. Il est cependant possible de rendre le GIE plus attractif par l’utilisation des conventions qui permettent à ses membres d’accorder des avantages particuliers aux nouveaux membres par contrat et aussi d’exclure la solidarité aux dettes par des accords avec les tiers contractants. Ces conventions pourraient assurer la sécurité du crédit par le recours aux garanties.
Thermoelectric power factor performance of Bi85Sb15/graphene composite
Authors: El-Asfoury Mohamed S. , Nasr Mohamed N. A. , Nakamura Koichi , Abdel-Moneim Ahmed
Published: March 2016

Composite materials based on Bi85Sb15 with commercial graphene (Gr) nanoparticles have been synthesized by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing. The effect of different amount of Gr nanoparticles (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 wt %) on the thermoelectric properties of (Bi85Sb15)1−

x
Gr
x
composite was investigated. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were carried out for the structure characterization of the composites. Transport properties, including electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and calculated power factor, were investigated and their variations were discussed with regard to microstructures in the temperature range of 173–373 K. Resistivity significantly declines in the sample with x = 0.04 wt % Gr, and the enhancement was 7% at 230 K and reached about 7.6% at room temperature. With 0.08 wt % Gr, a high absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient was observed. The power factor reaches its maximum of 3.7 × 10−3 W·m−1·K−2 with x = 0.08 wt % at 173 K. The results reflect that this synthesis process can be a powerful method of obtaining homogeneous Bi–Sb thermoelectric composite materials rapidly and at low cost. In addition, the demand for uniform coherent composites was significant because of their high-performance transport properties.
Changes in morphology and local conductance of GeTe–Sb2Te3 superlattice films on silicon observed by scanning probe microscopy in a lithography mode
Authors: Bolotov Leonid , Tada Tetsuya , Saito Yuta , Tominaga Junji
Published: March 2016

Changes in the morphology and conductance state of [(GeTe)2(Sb2Te3)] superlattice (SL) films on Si(100) caused by external voltage were investigated by multimode scanning probe microscopy (MSPM) and scanning probe lithography (SPL) at room temperature in vacuum. After SPL patterning at a write voltage exceeding a threshold value, grain-dependent changes in transverse film conductance appeared in the MSPM current maps at a low voltage. Specific details of the conductance state switching were dependent on the film growth process. In uniform films grown in a two-step process, a threshold voltage of 1.6 V and a minimum switching power of ∼15 pW were obtained for conductance switching activated by high-energy electrons injected from the probe. Above 3.0 V, thermally driven regrowth of the SL films was observed. The results demonstrate a simple and appropriate method of optimizing topological SL films as recording media without device fabrication.
Electronic properties and strain sensitivity of CVD-grown graphene with acetylene
Authors: Yang Meng , Sasaki Shinichirou , Ohnishi Masato , Suzuki Ken , Miura Hideo
Published: March 2016

Although many studies have shown that large-area monolayer graphene can be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using methane gas, the growth of monolayer graphene using highly reactive acetylene gas remains a big challenge. In this study, we synthesized a uniform monolayer graphene film by low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) with acetylene gas. On the base of Raman spectroscopy measurements, it was found that up to 95% of the as-grown graphene is monolayer. The electronic properties and strain sensitivity of the LPCVD-grown graphene with acetylene were also evaluated by testing the fabricated field-effect transistors (FETs) and strain sensors. The derived carrier mobility and gauge factor are 862–1150 cm2/(V·s) and 3.4, respectively, revealing the potential for high-speed FETs and strain sensor applications. We also investigated the relationship between the electronic properties and the graphene domain size.
Degradation mechanism for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yamamoto Kouhei , Furumoto Yoshikazu , Shahiduzzaman M. , Kuwabara Takayuki , Takahashi Kohshin , Taima Tetsuya
Published: March 2016

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have recently emerged as a promising cost- and energy-efficient light absorber material for photovoltaic applications. Unfortunately, perovskite solar cells have a problem with decreasing power conversion efficiency owing to their degradation in air. To clarify the cause of the degradation of perovskite solar cells, we exposed deposited CH3NH3PbI3 and HC(NH2)2PbI3 films to an O2 or (H2O+N2) atmosphere condition. Analysis of these films revealed that a large energy band gap was observed as a result of the influence of the H2O molecule in CH3NH3PbI3 and HC(NH2)2PbI3. Under the (H2O+N2) atmosphere condition, the existence of CH3NH3I and HC(NH2)2I molecules was found to affect the morphology and as well as the crystalline diffraction peak. The resultant perovskite crystalline structure was degraded by H2O molecules under the air exposure condition.
AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with intentionally doped GaN buffer using propane as carbon precursor
Authors: Bergsten Johan , Li Xun , Nilsson Daniel , Danielsson Örjan , Pedersen Henrik , Janzén Erik , Forsberg Urban , Rorsman Niklas
Published: March 2016

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on a heterostructure grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using an alternative method of carbon (C) doping the buffer are characterized. C-doping is achieved by using propane as precursor, as compared to tuning the growth process parameters to control C-incorporation from the gallium precursor. This approach allows for optimization of the GaN growth conditions without compromising material quality to achieve semi-insulating properties. The HEMTs are evaluated in terms of isolation and dispersion. Good isolation with OFF-state currents of 2 × 10−6 A/mm, breakdown fields of 70 V/µm, and low drain induced barrier lowering of 0.13 mV/V are found. Dispersive effects are examined using pulsed current–voltage measurements. Current collapse and knee walkout effects limit the maximum output power to 1.3 W/mm. With further optimization of the C-doping profile and GaN material quality this method should offer a versatile approach to decrease dispersive effects in GaN HEMTs.
A computational framework for colour metrics and colour space transforms
Authors: Farup Ivar
Published: March 2016

An object-oriented computational framework for the transformation of colour data and colour metric tensors is presented. The main idea of the design is to represent the transforms between spaces as compositions of objects from a class hierarchy providing the methods for both the transforms themselves and the corresponding Jacobian matrices. In this way, new colour spaces can be implemented on the fly by transforming from any existing colour space, and colour data in various formats as well as colour metric tensors and colour difference data can easily be transformed between the colour spaces. This reduces what normally requires several days of coding to a few lines of code without introducing a significant computational overhead. The framework is implemented in the Python programming language.
The quasi 2 day wave activities during 2007 austral summer period as revealed by Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Liu Han‐Li , Pedatella N. M. , Dou Xiankang , Li Tao , Chen Tingdi
Published: March 2016

The quasi 2 day wave (QTDW) observed during 2007 austral summer period is well reproduced in an reanalysis produced by the data assimilation version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM + Data Assimilation Research Testbed) developed at National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). It is found that the QTDW peaked 3 times from January to February but with different zonal wave numbers. Diagnostic analysis shows that the mean flow instabilities, refractive index, and critical layers of QTDWs are fundamental for their propagation and amplification, and thus, the temporal variations of the background wind are responsible for the different wave number structures at different times. The westward propagating wave number 2 mode (W2) grew and maximized in the first half of January, when the mean flow instabilities related to the summer easterly jet were enclosed by the critical layers of the westward propagating wave number 3 (W3) and wave number 4 (W4) modes. This prevented W3 and W4 from approaching and extracting energy from the unstable region. The W2 decayed rapidly thereafter due to the recession of critical layer and thus the lack of additional amplification by the mean flow instability. The W3 peaked in late January, when the instabilities were still encircled by the critical layer of W4. The attenuation of W3 afterward was also due to the disappearance of critical layer and thus the lack of overreflection. Finally, the W4 peaked in late February when both the instability and critical layer were appropriate.
The Synergistic Effects of Matrix Stiffness and Composition on the Response of Chondroprogenitor Cells in a 3D Precondensation Microenvironment
Authors: Carrion Bita , Souzanchi Mohammad F. , Wang Victor T. , Tiruchinapally Gopinath , Shikanov Ariella , Putnam Andrew J. , Coleman Rhima M.
Published: March 2016

Improve functional quality of cartilage tissue engineered from stem cells requires a better understanding of the functional evolution of native cartilage tissue. Therefore, a biosynthetic hydrogel was developed containing RGD, hyaluronic acid and/or type‐I collagen conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate to recapitulate the precondensation microenvironment of the developing limb. Conjugation of any combination of the three ligands did not alter the shear moduli or diffusion properties of the PEG hydrogels; thus, the influence of ligand composition on chondrogenesis could be investigated in the context of varying matrix stiffness. Gene expression of ligand receptors (CD44 and the b1‐integrin) as well as markers of condensation (cell clustering and N‐cadherin gene expression) and chondrogenesis (Col2a1 gene expression and sGAG production) by chondroprogenitor cells in this system were modulated by both matrix stiffness and ligand composition, with the highest gene expression occurring in softer hydrogels containing all three ligands. Cell proliferation in these 3D matrices for 7 d prior to chondrogenic induction increased the rate of sGAG production in a stiffness‐dependent manner. This biosynthetic hydrogel supports the features of early limb‐bud condensation and chondrogenesis and is a novel platform in which the influence of the matrix physicochemical properties on these processes can be elucidated.
Nanoscale Mechanics of Graphene and Graphene Oxide in Composites: A Scientific and Technological Perspective
Authors: Palermo Vincenzo , Kinloch Ian A. , Ligi Simone , Pugno Nicola M.
Published: March 2016

Graphene shows considerable promise in structural composite applications thanks to its unique combination of high tensile strength, Young's modulus and structural flexibility which arise due to its maximal chemical bond strength and minimal atomic thickness. However, the ultimate performance of graphene composites will depend, in addition to the properties of the matrix and interface, on the morphology of the graphene used, including the size and shape of the sheets and the number of chemical defects present. For example, whilst oxidized sp3 carbon atoms and vacancies in a graphene sheet can degrade its mechanical strength, they can also increase its interaction with other materials such as the polymer matrix of a composite, thus maximizing stress transfer and leading to more efficient mechanical reinforcement. Herein, we present an overview of some recently published work on graphene mechanical properties and discuss a list of challenges that need to be overcome (notwithstanding the strong hype existing on this material) for the development of graphene‐based materials into a successful technology.
Reappraisal of risk factors for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Boursi Ben , Weiss Brendan M. , Haynes Kevin , Mamtani Ronac , Yang Yu‐Xiao
Published: March 2016

A number of epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between obesity and diabetes and the risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). However, since MGUS is an asymptomatic condition we evaluated whether these are true associations or the result of detection‐bias. We conducted a nested case–control study using a large primary‐care database. Cases were defined as those with incident diagnosis of MGUS. For every case, four eligible controls matched on age, sex, practice site, and duration of follow‐up were selected. Exposure variables included obesity and diabetes (including antidiabetic therapies) as well as other metabolic risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. The study included 2363 MGUS patients and 9193 matched controls. In the primary analysis, obesity and diabetes were associated with higher MGUS risk with an adjusted ORs of 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.29) and 1.30 (95% CI 1.13–1.50), respectively. However, after adjustment to the number of laboratory tests prior to the MGUS diagnosis, there was no association between obesity and diabetes and MGUS risk (ORs of 1.08, 95% CI 0.96–1.22 and 1.08, 95% CI 0.93–1.25, respectively). In an additional analysis of antidiabetic therapies and MGUS risk, there was a nonsignificant decrease in MGUS risk among diabetes patients treated with metformin alone compared to subjects without diabetes (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.56–1.05). In summary, while previously described risk factors for MGUS might be the result of detection bias, metformin should be further evaluated as a possible chemoprevention modality. Am. J. Hematol. 91:581–584, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autosomal recessive MFN2‐related Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease with diaphragmatic weakness: Case report and literature review
Authors: Tan Christopher A. , Rabideau Marina , Blevins Amy , Westbrook Marjorie Jody , Ekstein Tali , Nykamp Keith , Deucher Anne , Harper Amy , Demmer Laurie
Published: March 2016

Pathogenic variants in the mitofusin 2 gene (MFN2) are the most common cause of autosomal dominant Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT2) disease, which is typically characterized by axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. We report on a 7‐month‐old white female with hypotonia, motor delay, distal weakness, and motor/sensory axonal neuropathy in which next‐generation sequencing analysis identified compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (c.2054_2069_1170del and c.392A>G) in MFN2. A review of the literature reveals that sporadic and familial cases of compound heterozygous or homozygous pathogenic MFN2 variants have been infrequently described, which indicates that MFN2 can also be inherited in a recessive manner. This case highlights several clinical findings not typically associated with MFN2 pathogenic variants, including young age of onset and rapidly progressing diaphragmatic paresis that necessitated tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation, and adds to the growing list of features identified in autosomal recessive MFN2‐related CMT2. Our patient with MFN2‐related CMT2 expands the clinical and mutational spectrum of individuals with autosomal recessive CMT2 and identifies a new clinical feature that warrants further observation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.