bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partially doubly symmetric solutions of general Sylvester matrix equations
Authors: Hajarian Masoud
Published: October 2019

The study of linear matrix equations is extremely important in many scientific fields such as control systems and stability analysis. In this work, we aim to design the Hestenes-Stiefel (HS) version of biconjugate residual (Bi-CR) algorithm for computing the (least Frobenius norm) partially doubly symmetric solution [Formula: see text] of the general Sylvester matrix equations [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. We show that the proposed algorithm converges in a finite number of iterations. Finally, numerical results compare the proposed algorithm to alternative algorithms.
The Impact of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels on Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Çoban Kübra , Öz Işılay , Topçu Deniz İlhan , Aydın Erdinç
Published: October 2019

We aimed to clarify the relation between allergic rhinitis and the serum levels of 25-hydroxivitamin D in the adult population. The study group consisted of 86 patients with allergic rhinitis who were diagnosed with the help of history of allergy, positive signs for allergy, blood samples, and positive skin prick tests; while the control group included 43 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers with negative skin prick tests. The demographic data, medical history, findings in the physical examinations, serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and skin prick test results of the groups were noted. A total of 129 patients fulfilling the necessary criteria were enrolled. The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the study group were significantly lower compared to the control group ( P = .014). In the study group, median serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in men, compared to women ( P = .03). There was a significant negative correlation between IgE and vitamin D levels in the allergic rhinitis group ( P = .028, r = −0.246). This study showed that patients with allergic rhinitis might be more vulnerable to have lower serum levels of vitamin D. Thus, vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive therapy may be considered in those patients.
Prognostic Analysis of Preoperative Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xun Youfang , Wang Maohua , Sun Haiyong , Shi Shujun , Guan Bing , Yu Chenjie
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the prognostic role of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods:

For this study, we enrolled 151 patients who had undergone surgery for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We assessed the preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), mean platelet volume, red cell distribution width, and alkaline phosphatase. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards model were conducted on overall survival, progression-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Results:

Both Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate analysis showed significant prognostic differences with age, laryngectomy methods, Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging, tumor location, NLR, PLR, MLR, and mean platelet volume. Multivariate analysis indicated that NLR (overall survival: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-7.10, P = .011), PLR (overall survival: HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14-0.78, P = .011; progression-free survival: HR = 0.016,95% CI: 0.10-0.79, P = .016), and MLR (overall survival: HR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76, P = .012) were independent prognostic factors for 5-year survival. However, red cell distribution width and alkaline phosphatase had no significant difference in overall survival and progression-free survival.

Conclusions:

Preoperative high NLR, PLR, and MLR were associated with poor prognosis. They were found to be effective and reliable inflammatory biomarkers for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Is Increased Time From Diagnosis to Treatment in Advanced Hypopharynx Cancer Associated With Poorer Outcomes: A Single-Centre Analysis
Authors: Santos Mariline , Monteiro Eurico
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To assess the potential influence of increased time from diagnosis to treatment on survival outcomes in patients with locoregionally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC).

Methods:

Retrospective study of patients with a primary diagnosis of HSCC proposed for primary surgical treatment.

Results:

The study population included a total of 121 Caucasian patients (121 males) with HSCC. Mean age at diagnosis was 60.4 years (range: 43-83 years). All patients had cT3 or cT4 hypopharyngeal tumors. The sample presented a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 59.6% and a disease-specific survival of 74.9%. Considering univariable analysis (unadjusted), duration of adjuvant treatment (T5), pN, margins, and extracapsular spread (ECS) are factors associated with poorer survival outcomes. An increase in T5 was associated with lower OS. Results revealed that T5 higher than 43 days, pN1, pN2, pN3, no free margins, and presence of ECS were associated with lower OS. These patients have 7.465 higher hazard of death.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that duration of adjuvant therapy may be more important than other timing metrics from diagnosis to treatment. For locoregionally advanced HSCC, duration of adjuvant therapy after primary surgery higher than 6 weeks is an important feature for worse survival outcome. Preventing strategies in order to avoid radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy breaks should be developed and optimized.
Timeliness of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment: a single-center experience
Authors: Rao Seema S , Saha Sibu
Published: October 2019

Background

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death in America. Timely and appropriate care is critical in the management of lung cancer. We retrospectively reviewed our experience at the University of Kentucky to determine whether there were delays from initial presentation to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment. Furthermore, if delays existed, whether they affected overall survival and what factors contributed to these holdups in patient care.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of all patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer at the University of Kentucky between 2014 and 2017, including only those newly diagnosed at our institution and excluding patients who were diagnosed at other hospitals as well as patients with cancer recurrence. Out of a cohort of 3588 patients, only 517 were included.

Results

The average time between presentation and diagnosis was 43 days, and 86.7% of patients were diagnosed within 60 days. The average time to treatment from diagnosis was 27.5 days with 77.7% of patients being treated with either surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation within 42 days.

Conclusion

The majority of our patients were diagnosed and treated within the recommended time. The 13.3% and 22.3% of patients who did not fall within this timeframe were delayed due to personal reasons, comorbidities, and/or “watchful waiting”. Mortality seemed to be unaffected by any delays in diagnosis or treatment. This analysis is the first step in understanding the challenges in patient care, and can be a tool to institute programs to help patients obtain necessary care.
Measures of balance and falls risk prediction in people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review of psychometric properties
Authors: Winser Stanley J , Kannan Priya , Bello Umar Muhhamad , Whitney Susan L
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To investigate the psychometric properties of measures of balance and falls risk prediction in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Data sources:

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2019.

Review method:

Studies testing psychometric properties of measures of balance and falls risk prediction in PD were included. The four-point COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) assessed quality.

Results:

Eighty studies testing 68 outcome measures were reviewed; 43 measures assessed balance, 9 assessed falls risk prediction, and 16 assessed both. The measures with robust psychometric estimation with acceptable properties were the (1) Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BEST), (2) Berg Balance Scale, (3) Timed Up and Go test, (4) Falls Efficacy Scale International, and (5) Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale. These measures assess balance and falls risk prediction at the body, structure and function level, falls risk and balance, and falls risk at the activity level. The motor examination of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-ME) with robust psychometric analysis is a condition-specific measure with acceptable properties. Except the UPDRS-ME and Mini-BESTest, the responsiveness of the other four measures has yet to be established.

Conclusion:

Six of the 68 outcome measures have strong psychometric properties for the assessment of balance and falls risk prediction in PD. Measures assessing balance and falls risk prediction at the participatory level are limited in number with a lack of psychometric validation.
Effectiveness of topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy for burn scar prevention and management in children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wiseman Jodie , Ware Robert S , Simons Megan , McPhail Steven , Kimble Roy , Dotta Anne , Tyack Zephanie
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To determine the effectiveness of silicone and pressure garments (alone and in combination) in children receiving scar management post-burn.

Design:

Multicentre, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Hospital outpatient clinics, colocated research centre, or the participant’s home.

Participants:

Children (0–18 years) referred for burn scar management.

Interventions:

Participants were randomized to (1) topical silicone gel only, (2) pressure garment therapy only, or (3) combined topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy.

Main measures:

Primary outcomes included scar thickness and itch intensity at the primary end-point of six months post-burn injury. The outcome assessor and data analyst were blinded for scar thickness.

Results:

Participants ( N = 153; silicone n = 51, pressure n = 49, combined n = 53) had a median (inter-quartile range) age of 4.9 (1.6, 10.2) years and percent total body surface area burn of 1% (0.5%, 3%) and were 65% male. At six months post-burn injury, intention-to-treat analysis identified thinner scars in the silicone ( n = 51 scar sites) compared to the combined group ( n = 48 scar sites; mean difference (95% confidence interval) = –0.04 cm (–0.07, –0.00), P = 0.05). No other between-group differences were identified for scar thickness or itch intensity at six months post-burn.

Conclusion:

No difference was identified in the effectiveness of silicone and pressure interventions alone. No benefit to a combined silicone and pressure intervention was identified for the prevention and management of abnormal scarring in children at six months post-burn injury, compared to the silicone or pressure interventions alone.
Incidence of and risk factors for the development of asymptomatic heterotopic ossification after elbow fracture fixation
Authors: Zhang Zitao , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhen , Qiu Xusheng , Chen Yixin
Published: October 2019

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for asymptomatic heterotopic ossification (HO) after open reduction and internal fixation of elbow fractures.

Methods

This retrospective analysis involved 197 patients with elbow fractures treated operatively from 2014 to 2017 at our institution. Patient-related and clinical variables were recorded. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to reveal independent risk factors for postoperative HO. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the ability of risk factors to predict the development of postoperative HO.

Results

The overall rate of asymptomatic HO after surgery was 18.78%. The incidence was highest in terrible triad injuries and lowest in capitellum fractures. Independent predictors of asymptomatic HO identified by the multivariate analysis were underlying diseases, fracture dislocation, and a prolonged operative time. The area under the ROC curve for underlying diseases, fracture dislocation, and a prolonged operative time were 0.593, 0.596, and 0.694, respectively.

Conclusions

The incidence of postoperative asymptomatic HO in patients with elbow fractures is high. Clinicians should employ prophylaxis to avoid HO when treating patients with elbow fractures who have underlying diseases, fracture dislocation, or a prolonged operative time.
A longitudinal study of psychological needs satisfaction, value, achievement, and elective music intentions
Authors: Kingsford-Smith Andrew , Evans Paul
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to explain motivational factors that influence students’ intentions to continue studying music in high school and their achievement in high school music. The participants were 180 male Year 7 and 8 students in a high school in Australia. Principles of self-determination theory were used to hypothesize a structural equation model (SEM), in which the satisfaction of basic psychological needs predicted students’ valuing of music as a school subject, as well as their intentions to continue and their achievement. A two-wave longitudinal design was used to account for prior variance in the dependent variables and to expand on prior, cross-sectional research. The SEM explained 73.1% of the variance in music elective intentions, 60.7% of the variance in students’ valuing of music, and 53.7% of estimated grade. The findings build on existing research regarding the importance of psychological needs satisfaction in the domain of music and the longitudinal findings lend further support for causal links between the fulfillment of basic psychological needs and the internalization of values in the domain of music education. The results and implications for future research and practicing teachers are discussed.
A review of the valorization and management of industrial spent catalyst waste in the context of sustainable practice: The case of the State of Kuwait in parallel to European industry
Authors: Majed Al-Salem Sultan , Constantinou Achilleas , Leeke Gary Anthony , Hafeez Sanaa , Safdar Tayeba , Karam Hajar Jawad , Al-Qassimi Masumah , Al-Dhafeeri Ayyad Toman , Manos George , Arena Umberto
Published: October 2019

Industrial solid waste management encompasses a vital part of developed and developing countries strategies alike. It manages waste generated from vital industries and governs the hazardous waste generated as a major component of integrated waste management strategies. This article reviews the practices that govern the management approaches utilized in the developed world for industrial spent catalysts. It critically assesses the current situation of waste management within the developing world region focusing on the industrial waste component, in a novel attempt to crucially develop a strategy for a way forward based on best practices and future directions with major European industries. The review also draws parallels with European countries to compare their practices with those of the State of Kuwait, which rely solely on landfilling for the management of its industrial waste. Spent catalysts recovery methods are discussed at length covering conventional methods of valuable metals and chemicals recovery (e.g., hydrometallurgical, solid–liquid and liquid–liquid extraction) as well as biological recovery methods. A major gap exists within regulations that govern the practice of managing industrial waste in Kuwait, where it is essential to start regulating industries that generate spent catalysts in-view of encouraging the establishment of valorization industries for metal and chemical recovery. This will also create a sustainable practice within state borders, and can reduce the environmental impact of landfilling such waste in Kuwait.
Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites
Authors: Aldajah Saud , Al-Haik Mohammad Y , Siddique Waseem , Kabir Mohammad M , Haik Yousef
Published: October 2019

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.
ESG Integration Treats Ethics as Risk, but Whose Ethics and Whose Risk? Responsible Investment in the Context of Precarity and Risk-Shifting
Authors: Parfitt Claire
Published: October 2019

This article contributes to scholarly debates about the relationship between precarity and financialization by applying Randy Martin’s concept of the social derivative to the phenomenon of responsible investment. It explores how responsible investment emerges as an avenue for political action in the context of disintermediated governance. Analyzing one strategy of responsible investment, the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks into investment decision making, through the frame of the social derivative, the article argues that a derivative logic of ethics underpins ESG risk management. This complicates contemporary understandings of precarity as risk-shifting, because ESG integration creates connections between unlikely parties, opening up new forms and directions for political contest through finance. However, the article reveals that the contingent and profit-driven ethics on which ESG risk management is based establishes a narrow foundation on which these contests take place.
One-dimensional analyses of striker impact on bar with different general impedance
Authors: Shin Hyunho , Kim Daesung
Published: October 2019

The particle velocity and stress in the striker and bar generated by the striker impact on a bar with different general impedance are formulated based on one-dimensional assumptions. Departure of the impact-generated stress wave towards the rear end of the striker and arrival of the release wave from the rear to the front of the striker constitute one impact cycle. In cases where Zs ≤  Zb ( Z is the general impedance, and subscripts ‘s’ and ‘b’ denote striker and bar, respectively), only one impact cycle takes place because the striker is stationary or separated from the impact surface after the first impact cycle. As a result, only a single (primary) pulse is observed in the bar and striker. In the case where Zs >  Zb, however, multiple impact cycles take place because the striker is compressing the bar continually after the first cycle. As a result, a series of step-wise residual pulses follow the primary pulse in the bar and striker. The magnitudes of the stress and particle velocity in the bar and striker calculated using the formulated equations are quantitatively consistent with the results of the numerical simulations, verifying the formulated one-dimensional equations. The equations formulated in this study may be useful for better understanding the various wave interaction phenomena that take place in a pseudo-one-dimensional impact system and for modifying/designing an impact system.
Analysis of heat affected zone (HAZ) during micro-drilling of a new hybrid composite
Authors: Jain Akshay , Singh Bhagat , Shrivastava Yogesh
Published: October 2019

In the present work, laser beam drilling of a fabricated basalt–glass hybrid composite has been done. From the experimental results, a safe machining zone pertaining to high drill quality with minimum heat affected zone and maximum hole-circularity has been predicted. The prediction of the zone has been done by mathematical modeling and optimization using artificial neural network merged with multi-objective genetic algorithm. The acquired zone has been confirmed by performing validation experiments. From the results, it is evident that the predicted range is capable of minimizing the heat affected zone with acceptable hole-circularity. Moreover, the variation in hole-circularity and heat affected zone with respect to the input drilling parameters has also been explored.
Association between CD40 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus and correlation between soluble CD40 and CD40 ligand levels in the disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bae S -C , Lee Y H
Published: October 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically review evidence regarding the association between CD40 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus and between soluble CD40 (sCD40) and CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis on the association between CD40 rs4810495, rs1883832, and rs376545 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus risk and sCD40/sCD40L levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and controls.

Results

Fourteen studies were included. Ethnicity-specific meta-analysis indicated a significant association between the T allele of CD40 rs4810485 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus in Europeans (odds ratio = 0.715, 95% confidence interval = 0.641–0.832, p < 0.001) and a trend toward an association between the T allele and systemic lupus erythematosus in Asians (odds ratio = 1.255, 95% confidence interval = 0.978–1.810, p = 0.074). Furthermore, a significant association was reported between systemic lupus erythematosus and the C allele of CD40 rs1883832 polymorphism (odds ratio = 1.235, 95% confidence interval = 1.087–1.405, p = 0.001) and A allele of CD40 rs3765456 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus in Asians (odds ratio = 1.184, 95% confidence interval = 1.040–1.348, p = 0.011). sCD40 and sCD40L levels were significantly higher in SLE than in controls (standardized mean difference = 1.564, 95% confidence interval = 0.256–2.872, p = 0.019 and standardized mean difference = 1.499, 95% confidence interval = 1.031–1.967, p < 0.001, respectively). Stratification based on ethnicity revealed higher sCD40L levels in the systemic lupus erythematosus group among European, Asian, North American, and Arab populations.

Conclusions

Our meta-analyses found associations between CD40 rs4810495, rs1883832, and rs376545 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility and significantly higher sCD40 and sCD40L levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus than in controls.
Sample size considerations for comparing dynamic treatment regimens in a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial with a continuous longitudinal outcome
Authors: Seewald Nicholas J , Kidwell Kelley M , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Wu Tianshuang , McKay James R , Almirall Daniel
Published: October 2019

Clinicians and researchers alike are increasingly interested in how best to personalize interventions. A dynamic treatment regimen is a sequence of prespecified decision rules which can be used to guide the delivery of a sequence of treatments or interventions that is tailored to the changing needs of the individual. The sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial is a research tool which allows for the construction of effective dynamic treatment regimens. We derive easy-to-use formulae for computing the total sample size for three common two-stage sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial designs in which the primary aim is to compare mean end-of-study outcomes for two embedded dynamic treatment regimens which recommend different first-stage treatments. The formulae are derived in the context of a regression model which leverages information from a longitudinal outcome collected over the entire study. We show that the sample size formula for a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial can be written as the product of the sample size formula for a standard two-arm randomized trial, a deflation factor that accounts for the increased statistical efficiency resulting from a longitudinal analysis, and an inflation factor that accounts for the design of a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial. The sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial design inflation factor is typically a function of the anticipated probability of response to first-stage treatment. We review modeling and estimation for dynamic treatment regimen effect analyses using a longitudinal outcome from a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial, as well as the estimation of standard errors. We also present estimators for the covariance matrix for a variety of common working correlation structures. Methods are motivated using the ENGAGE study, a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial aimed at developing a dynamic treatment regimen for increasing motivation to attend treatments among alcohol- and cocaine-dependent patients.
Regional Integration, Monetary Cooperation: Evidence from Global VAR Models for the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Khezri Mohsen , Zulkhibri Muhamed , Ghazal Reza
Published: October 2019

Using quarterly data over the 1996 Q1 to 2015 Q5 period and a global vector regression (GVAR) model, this article empirically investigates the effect of supply, demand, and external shocks on member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in order to examine if these countries have the ground to form a monetary union. The results suggest asymmetric response of central banks in these countries to domestic and external shocks and differentials in the impulse response of the macroeconomic variables to shocks: the response of the central banks of Kyrgyzstan and Russia to domestic shocks and of Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia to external shocks are short term and severe. Based on our results, forming a monitory union may not be feasible.
Book review: Jennifer Rudolph and Michael Szonyi (Eds.), The China Questions: Critical Insights into a Rising Power
Authors: Singh Gunjan
Published: October 2019

Jennifer Rudolph and Michael Szonyi (Eds.), The China Questions: Critical Insights into a Rising Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018, pp. 337, ₹799. ISBN: 978-0-674-97940-6.
The multi-dimensional matrix for consultation-liaison psychiatry (mMAX-LP)
Authors: Hopkins John , Sundram Frederick , Cullum Sarah
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) services are particularly susceptible to heterogeneity, developing haphazardly in response to local interests and perceived need. This hampers the generalisability of comparisons between services in terms of service models, resource requirements and outcome data. The objective of this paper therefore is to chronicle the development of a method to meaningfully describe, map and compare different CLP services.

Method:

A review of the literature was followed by multiple site visits in both New Zealand and England, and an extended process of consultation and feedback.

Results:

Sixteen dimensions common to CLP services were extracted to create a multi-dimensional matrix (mMAX-LP) which had three broad clusters (structure, coverage and relationship with physical health services). The model was applied and discussed with the previously visited hospitals over the succeeding five years. Additionally, the matrix was tested, and its utility demonstrated during the planned reconfiguration of CLP services at a large teaching hospital in South Auckland, New Zealand by tracking the evolution of CLP services.

Conclusions:

mMAX-LP shows promise as a useful model for profiling and comparing CLP services; mapping their evolution over time; and sign-posting future service development.
Euthanasia, medically assisted dying or assisted suicide: time for psychiatrists to say no
Authors: Gale Chris , Barak Yoram
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Euthanasia has been considered unethical for most of the history of medicine. Recently it has been legalised in some countries, including parts of Australasia. We describe the recent history of euthanasia, paying attention to the extension of criteria that impact on the poor, elderly and vulnerable members of society in countries that currently have legalised this. In four of the five countries where euthanasia is legalised, there have been extensions of its criteria, either by revision of legislation or changes in practice.

Conclusions:

We suggest that this dynamic can be halted by international agreements of medical societies to shun involvement in euthanasia, as has been the case with other legal interventions that stigmatise. We may, as we have in the past, need to work collectively to meet this ethical challenge.
Factors Associated With School Nurses’ Self-Efficacy in Provision of Asthma Care and Performance of Asthma Management Behaviors
Authors: McCabe Ellen M. , McDonald Catherine , Connolly Cynthia , Lipman Terri H.
Published: October 2019

Asthma is a chronic disease affecting nearly 6 million children in the United States and accounts for nearly 14 million missed school days. School nurses’ performance of asthma management behaviors (AMBs) may reduce exacerbations, thereby decreasing emergency visits and hospitalizations and increasing attendance at school. Self-efficacy can have a positive effect on AMBs. More research is needed on the interplay between environmental factors in school nurses’ work setting, self-efficacy in providing asthma care (hereafter “self-efficacy in asthma care”), and performance of AMBs. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional online survey design with practicing registered school nurses in Pennsylvania ( N = 231). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple regression. In separate models, self-efficacy in asthma care and student–nurse ratio were significantly associated with performance of AMBs. Schools and school nurses need stronger efforts to strengthen self-efficacy in asthma care, with the goal of increasing nurses’ performance of AMBs.
Randomized Evaluation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s Concussion Education Fact Sheet for Coaches
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Buth Dawn , Parsons John T. , Hainline Brian
Published: October 2019

Background. Concussion education for coaches is being increasingly recommended by leading sports organizations, yet the effectiveness of available materials has not often been assessed. This study evaluated the impact of the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (2017) publication: “Concussion safety: What coaches need to know” (the “NCAA Fact Sheet for Coaches”) on participants’ concussion knowledge and safety supportive intentions. Method. NCAA head coaches ( n = 779) were randomized to view the NCAA Fact Sheet for Coaches either before (intervention condition) or after (control condition) responding to questions assessing concussion knowledge and intentions to engage in three behaviors (talk to team about concussion safety; allow symptomatic athlete to continue play; encourage medical staff to return athlete as quickly as possible). Results. Knowledge scores were significantly higher among coaches in the intervention condition as compared to the control condition, largely driven by differences in knowledge about the consequences of continued play postconcussion (injury, reaction time, possible death). Fewer coaches in the intervention condition expected that they would allow an athlete with a suspected concussion continue to participate in a game or practice or that they would encourage medical staff to return athletes to play as quickly as possible. Discussion. The present study provides evidence that educational content, like that contained in the NCAA Fact Sheet for Coaches, may have a positive short-term impact on concussion knowledge and behavioral intentions of coaches. In light of these findings, sports organizations should consider providing similar educational materials to coaches, evaluating whether the information is impactful in their population.
Outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in haemodialysis and renal transplant patients: systematic review
Authors: Popat Ravi , Ali Adam M , Holloway Ian P , Sarraf Khaled M , Hanna Sammy A
Published: October 2019

Background:

Chronic renal failure is increasing in prevalence and reported to have deleterious effects on the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Aim:

To investigate the clinical and functional outcomes of THA in patients receiving haemodialysis or who have previously undergone renal transplantation.

Methods:

Systematic review of the literature using bibliographic databases up to July 2018 to determine the functional outcome, complications and revision rates of THA in patients receiving haemodialysis for end-stage renal failure and those with a previous renal transplant.

Results:

25 studies were identified with a total of 797 THAs. 166 patients (20.8%) were receiving haemodialysis and 631 patients (79.2%) had undergone transplantation. All studies reported a marked improvement in hip function following THA. There were 27 failures (15.7% revision rate) in the haemodialysis group and 101 failures (16.0% revision rate) in the transplant group. The revision rate for cemented implants was higher in haemodialysis versus transplant patients (23% vs. 15%), with the converse being true for uncemented implants (3.8% vs. 6.9%). The deep infection rate was higher in the haemodialysis group (10.8% vs. 2.1%).

Conclusions:

Patients receiving haemodialysis or with a history of renal transplantation can expect good functional outcome following THA. However, the revision rate and deep infection rate are higher than would be expected in patients receiving THA for primary OA. Aseptic loosening is the most common reason for revision. Uncemented implants appear to be associated with lower failure rates both in haemodialysis patients and those who have had a transplant.
Repaired or unrepaired capsulotomy after hip arthroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Lin Yipeng , Li Tao , Deng Xinghao , Huang Xihao , Zhang KaiBo , Li Qi , Li Jian , Fu Weili
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, rates of revision and conversion to arthroplasty and complications between a repaired and unrepaired capsulotomy after hip arthroscopy.

Methods:

A search of the PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify comparative articles published prior to 10 July 2019 that reported the capsule management strategy and clinical outcomes after hip arthroscopy. A narrative analysis and meta-analysis were performed to integrate and compare the results of the 2 groups.

Results:

12 comparative studies ( n = 1185 hips) with an average (methodological index for non-randomized studies) MINORS score of 17.45 ± 2.02 were identified for analysis, of which 5 were included in the meta-analysis. The pre- to postoperative improvements in the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score–Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SS), and Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) revealed no significant differences between the repaired and unrepaired groups ( p = 0.40, 0.26 and 0.61, respectively). The risk ratio of the revision rate for the 2 groups was 0.66 ( p = 0.21). Evaluation of the MRI scans and the rate of heterotopic ossification also showed no significant differences. The most preferred capsulotomy techniques were interportal and T-shape. No postoperative hip instability was reported in any of the 12 studies.

Conclusion:

The currently published evidence is still not strong enough to confirm the superiority of repairing the capsule after hip arthroscopy; hence, routine repair of the capsule during surgery cannot be suggested.
Implementation of a decision aid for localized prostate cancer in routine care: A successful implementation strategy
Authors: van Tol-Geerdink Julia J , van Oort Inge M , Somford Diederik M , Wijburg Carl J , Geboers Arno , van Uden-Kraan Cornelia F , de Vries Marieke , Stalmeier Peep FM
Published: October 2019

For the treatment choice of localized prostate cancer, effective patient decision aids have been developed. The implementation of decision aids in routine care, however, lags behind. Main known barriers are lack of confidence in the tool, lack of training on its use, lack of resources and lack of time. A new implementation strategy addresses these barriers. Using this implementation strategy, the implementation rate of a decision aid was measured in eight hospitals and questionnaires were filled out by 24 care providers and 255 patients. The average implementation rate was 60 per cent (range 31%–100%). Hardly any barriers remained for care providers. Patients who did not use the decision aid appeared to be more unwilling than unable to use the decision aid. By addressing known barriers, that is, informing care providers on the effectiveness of the decision aid, providing instructions on its use, embedding it in the existing workflow and making it available free of charge, a successful implementation of a prostate cancer decision aid was reached.
A catastrophic media failure? Russiagate, Trump and the illusion of truth: The dangers of innuendo and narrative repetition
Authors: Majin Graham
Published: October 2019

The journalistic coverage of Russiagate, between 2017 and March 2019, has been described as ‘a catastrophic media failure’. Drawing on political and social psychology, this article seeks to enrich, and refresh, the familiar journalistic concepts of agenda-setting, framing and priming by combining them under the heading of the ‘news narrative’. Using this interdisciplinary approach to media effects theory, Russiagate is considered in terms of the Illusory Truth Effect and the Innuendo Effect. These effects hypothesise that the more audiences are exposed to information, the more likely they are to believe it – even when they are told that the information is unreliable. As a specific example, we focus on the stance taken by BBC News – which has an obligation to journalistic impartiality. We ask what implications arise from this analysis with regard to audience trust.
Exhausting rhythms: the intimate geopolitics of resource extraction
Authors: Straughan Elizabeth R , Bissell David , Gorman-Murray Andrew
Published: October 2019

This article develops cultural geographical understandings of exhaustion through an exploration of the bodily pressures induced by mobile working practices. Through analysis of semi-structured interviews with resource sector workers in Australia who work away from home for periods of time as well as ‘left behind’ partners, we argue that exhaustion is a collective ‘structure of feeling’, but one that is differently experienced by mobile workers and partners. Tracing the diverse rhythms of compression and decompression that are experienced by workers and partners both at home and away, our focus on temporality connects the exhaustions experienced at resource extraction sites with exhaustions experienced in the home. By providing an important temporal focus to debates on intimacy-geopolitics, we explain how rhythms instigated by resource work are complicit in generating structures of feeling that compromise wellbeing within the home. We conclude that the exhausted bodies of mobile worker households are an obscured casualty of our current resource-intensive lives.
On the detection of a nonlinear damage in an uncertain nonlinear beam using stochastic Volterra series
Authors: Villani Luis GG , da Silva Samuel , Cunha Americo , Todd Michael D
Published: October 2019

In the present work, two issues that can complicate a damage detection process are considered: the uncertainties and the intrinsically nonlinear behavior. To deal with these issues, a stochastic version of the Volterra series is proposed as a baseline model, and novelty detection is applied to distinguish the condition of the structure between a reference baseline state (presumed “healthy”) and damaged. The studied system exhibits nonlinear behavior even in the reference condition, and it is exposed to a type of damage that causes the structure to display a nonlinear behavior with a different nature than the initial one. In addition, the uncertainties associated with data variation are taken into account in the application of the methodology. The results confirm that the monitoring of nonlinear coefficients and nonlinear components of the system response enables the method to detect the presence of the damage earlier than the application of some linear-based metrics. Besides that, the stochastic treatment enables the specification of a probabilistic interval of confidence for the system response in an uncertain ambient, thus providing more robust and reliable forecasts.
Look who’s talking: Factors for considering the facilitation of very young children’s voices
Authors: Wall Kate , Cassidy Claire , Robinson Carol , Hall Elaine , Beaton Mhairi , Kanyal Mallika , Mitra Dana
Published: October 2019

Grounded in children’s rights, this article advances understanding of the affordances and constraints in implementing Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in educational settings with young children – those under 7. It starts from the premise that if we are to foster democratic skills and understanding in children and young people, we need to develop practices that support this from the earliest age. The article presents the outcomes of a seminar series facilitating dialogue among international academics working in the field and a range of early years practitioners. This opportunity for extended dialogue led to the development of a rich and sophisticated conceptual clarity about the factors that need to be considered if Article 12 is to be realised with very young children. Eight factors were identified as pivotal for consideration when facilitating voices with this age group: definition; power; inclusivity; listening; time and space; approaches; processes; and purposes. This article explores each in turn and proposes a series of provocations and questions designed to support practitioners in their endeavour to elicit young children’s voices.
Development of multi-layered weft-knitted fabrics for thermal insulation
Authors: Buzaite Vaida , Repon Reazuddin MD , Milasiene Daiva , Mikucioniene Daiva
Published: October 2019

The main goal of the presented study was to develop new multi-layered weft-knitted structure for thermal insulation and to investigate the dynamic of the heat transfer through this fabric. For knitting of outer and inner layers of this structure, different raw materials of yarns were used, i.e. wool, cotton, polyester and acrylic yarns. All the newly developed multi-layered weft-knitted fabrics show thermal insulation as, after 1 h of observation, temperature on the outer layer of all tested fabrics does not reach 40℃, i.e. the temperature of a heated plate. The results of this research showed that the nature of the yarns has a significant influence on the air permeability and dynamic of the heat exchange through the multi-layered structure, as it influences porosity of the knitted fabric. The results showed that the best fabric was the one where the outer layers are knitted from woollen yarns and the inner layer from polyester filament yarns.
Body Mass of U.S. Hispanics/Latinos From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL): How Do Diet Quality and Sedentary Time Relate?
Authors: Perera Marisa J. , Chirinos Diana A. , Brintz Carrie E. , Schneiderman Neil , Daviglus Martha , Talavera Gregory A. , Perreira Krista M. , Giacinto Rebeca A. Espinoza , Qi Qibin , Llabre Maria M.
Published: October 2019

Little evidence exists on diet quality- and sedentary time-related differences in body mass index (BMI) among immigrant and nonimmigrant Hispanics/Latinos with different lengths of U.S. residence. A total of 13,962 (80.2% foreign-born) Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants aged 18 to 60 from four U.S. cities (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA) underwent standardized interviews and fasting blood tests. Diet quality was total Alternative Healthy Eating Index score. Sedentary time was number of <100 counts/minute over 3 to 6 days. BMI was examined using regression models adjusted for age, income, Hispanic/Latino background, HCHS/SOL site, and tobacco use. Two three-way interactions (diet or sedentary time length of residence sex) were tested to examine health behavior-related differences in BMI among immigrant and nonimmigrant males and females. The diet length of residence sex interaction was significant ( b = .005, 95% confidence interval [−.003, .008]). For a 10-unit Alternative Healthy Eating Index difference, the BMI difference was greater among immigrant females in the United States longer (0 years = .84 kg/m2; 10 years = 1.64 kg/m2). Diet-related obesity prevention efforts may start soon after migration, particularly for immigrant women.
Programmed death-ligand 1 and survival in colorectal cancers: A meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Huihua , Wang Qing , Gao Zhenyan , Yu Zhan , Wu Yugang , Lu Qicheng
Published: October 2019

Background:

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a programmed death 1 (PD-1) ligand that plays a pivotal role in the inhibition of the T-cell-mediated immune response. The expression of PD-L1 is associated with the prognosis and clinical outcomes of multiple tumors. However, the prognostic value of PD-L1 overexpression in colorectal cancer is still controversial. In this study, we sought to clarify this by presenting a meta-analysis of relevant studies.

Methods:

Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies concerning the expression of PD-L1 and survival in colorectal cancer. The reported hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival in the included studies were analyzed by fixed effects/random effects models.

Results:

Fifteen studies involving 3078 patients with colorectal cancer were included in our meta-analysis. Overexpression of PD-L1 was found to be associated with poor overall survival (HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.21, 2.79; P = 0.005) and poor recurrence-free survival (HR 2.78; 95% CI 1.43, 5.42; P = 0.003). However, no correlation was found between PD-L1 overexpression and poor disease-free survival (HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.83, 1.82; P = 0.305). Overexpression of PD-L1 indicating poor survival held true across different geographical areas, sample sizes, analysis types, sources of HRs, and cell types.

Conclusion:

Overexpression of PD-L1 is associated with worse prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and can guide physicians in the application of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint-targeted therapy.