bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lyapunov‐type inequalities for singular elliptic partial differential equations
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Tyagi Jagmohan
Published: December 2020

We establish Lyapunov‐type inequalities for a class of singular elliptic partial differential equations. As an application of Lyapunov‐type inequalities, we obtain lower bounds for the first eigenvalue of the associated singular elliptic partial differential equations. We also make an attempt to answer a question raised by de Nápoli and Pinasco in J. Funct. Anal. 270 (2016), no. 6, 1995–2018.
Capturing nested information from disordered peptide phases
Authors: Gordon Christella K. , Luu Regina , Lynn David
Published: December 2020

Anfinsen's dogma emerged from experiments which show that a protein's native 3D folded architecture is encoded within its primary sequence. This insight emerged before almost 40% of eukaryotic proteins were found to contain intrinsically disordered domains with binding partners that are able to template multiple structures and functional outputs. Despite the challenges associated with characterizing such intrinsically disordered protein domains and their interactions with various binding partners, the need to understand how they propagate and regulate context‐dependent information now becomes increasingly important. In addition to understanding the complex signaling networks of multicellular organisms, harness their potential will expand the next generation of functional materials. Accordingly, we review progress with model peptides to reveal the rules necessary for precise spatiotemporal assembly of polypeptide materials.
Optimal filter design for cyber‐physical systems under stealthy hybrid attacks
Authors: Li Yuman , Lin Hong , Lam James
Published: December 2020

This article studies the optimal filtering problem for cyber‐physical systems under stealthy hybrid cyber‐attacks. Due to the stealthiness of cyber‐attacks, the optimal filter (OF) consists of an exponentially increasing number of terms, which makes it computationally infeasible in practice. To address this computational issue, an optimal linear filter (OLF) is developed with its estimation performance fairly close to the optimal one. Furthermore, for a system under the stealthy hybrid cyber‐attacks, it is proved that when the system is stable, the exponentially increasing number of terms remain bounded, making the OF stable; and that the OLF is stable if and only if the system is stable. Finally, numerical examples are employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed two filters.
MICRO-CT Imaging of Thiel-Embalmed and Iodine-Stained Human Temporal Bone for 3D Modeling
Authors: Sebastian Halm , David Haberthuer , Elisabeth Eppler , Valentin Djonov , Andreas Arnold
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The following study investigates whether human Thiel-embalmed temporal bones are suitable for generating an accurate and complete data set with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and the effect of solid iodine staining for improved visualization and facilitated segmentation of middle ear structures.

METHODS

One temporal bone was used to verify the accuracy of the imaging by measuring the stapes digitally on the tomography images and physically under the microscope after removal from the temporal bone. All measurements were compared with literature values.

The contralateral temporal bone was used to evaluate segmentation and 3D modeling after iodine staining and micro-CT scanning.

RESULTS

The digital and physical stapes measurements differ up to 0.17 mm and 24% but correlate well with the literature values. Soft tissue structures were visible in the unstained scan. However, iodine staining increased the contrast-to-noise ratio by a factor 3.7 on average. The 3D model depicts all ossicles and soft tissue structures in detail, including the chorda tympani, which was not visible in the unstained scan.

CONCLUSION

Micro-CT imaging of Thiel-embalmed temporal bones accurately represents the entire anatomy. Iodine staining considerably increases the contrast of soft tissues, simplifies segmentation and enables detailed 3D modeling of the middle ear, which is suitable for further use as a finite element model (FEM).
Donor HLA class 1 evolutionary divergence is a major predictor of liver allograft rejection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Féray Cyrille , Taupin Jean-Luc , Sebagh Mylène , Allain Vincent , Demir Zeynep , Allard Marc-Antoine , Desterke Christophe , Coilly Audrey , Saliba Faouzi , Vibert Eric , Azoulay Daniel , Guettier Catherine , Debray-Devictor Dominique , Caillat-Zucman Sophie , Samuel Didier
Published: December 2020

Background

Recognition of donor antigens by the recipient’s immune system leads to allograft rejection. HLA evolutionary divergence (HED) between an individual’s HLA alleles is a continuous metric that quantifies the differences between each amino acid of two homologous alleles and reflects the breadth of the immunopeptidome presented to T lymphocytes. We investigated whether or not HED of the donor or of the recipient has an impact on liver transplant rejection.

Method

We did a retrospective cohort study in 1154 adult and 113 children recipients of liver transplant. We considered the histological lesions in liver biopsies performed routinely 1,2 and 5 years after transplantation and in case of liver dysfunction. Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) were determined in children at the time of biopsy. HED was calculated using the physicochemical Grantham distance for class I (HLA-A, HLA-B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1) alleles. We assessed the incidence of rejection-related liver lesions using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Findings

In the adult cohort, recipients from donors with class I HED above the median had a higher risk of acute or chronic rejection, but not of other histological lesions. HED of the recipients was not related to any histological lesion. In multivariate analysis, a high donor class I HED was associated with acute rejection (hazard ratio [HR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-2.40; P<0.0001) or chronic rejection (HR 2.26, CI 1.45-3.51; P<0.0001) and was independent of age and HLA identities. In the pediatric cohort, class I HED of the donor was also associated with acute rejection (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.12-3.14; P=0.013) independently of the presence of DSA.

Interpretation

Class I HED of the donor reflects graft immunogenicity and predicts rejection independently of donor-recipient HLA compatibility. This novel and easily accessible prognostic marker could improve donor selection and guide immunosuppression.
Negative emotions and consumers’ preventive health behavior: a multi-method exploratory study
Authors: Ben Ayed Manel , El Aoud Nibrass
Published: December 2020

Purpose

As the emotional/experiential aspect is still marginalized in the literature, this paper aims to explore the role of negative emotions associated with past experiences (PEs) in explaining the preventive health behavior (PHB) of the consumers with a chronic disease.

Design/methodology/approach

From the perspective of experiential marketing, a multi-method exploratory study was conducted among consumers with type 2 diabetes. The investigation process applied phenomenological interviews, visual projections and consumer diaries to adequately capture the emotional responses related to consumer experience of healthy diet behavior.

Findings

The results of a methodological triangulation show that the generation of negative emotions associated with PE with the PHB stimulates adopting healthy eating behavior rather than restraining it.

Research limitations/implications

The multi-method protocol chosen for this experiential study is a response to the methodological requirements for a broader conception of consumer experience in the context of chronic diseases. This protocol can be used for further empirical investigation of emotional reactions experienced in consumer behavior in the broad sense.

Practical implications

Managerial implications are provided for health-care professionals on how to implement marketing strategies and practices based on the identified consumer profiles.

Originality/value

This study highlights the significant role of experienced emotional responses in explaining the adoption of the PHB and underlines that not all decisions are rational. It also contributes to the literature by specifying a mixed-method approach of data collection for deeper investigation of the consumer’s emotional responses to the health behavior experience.
The gammaproteobacterium Achromatium forms intracellular amorphous calcium carbonate and not (crystalline) calcite
Authors: Benzerara Karim , Bolzoni Romain , Monteil Caroline , Beyssac Olivier , Forni Olivier , Alonso Béatrice , Asta Maria P. , Lefevre Christopher
Published: December 2020

Achromatium is a long known uncultured giant gammaproteobacterium forming intracellular CaCO3 that impacts C and S geochemical cycles functioning in some anoxic sediments and at oxic‐anoxic boundaries. While intracellular CaCO3 granules have first been described as Ca oxalate then colloidal CaCO3 more than one century ago, they have often been referred to as crystalline solids and more specifically calcite over the last 25 years. Such a crystallographic distinction is important since the respective chemical reactivities of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and calcite, hence their potential physiological role and conditions of formation, are significantly different. Here, we analyzed the intracellular CaCO3 granules of Achromatium cells from Lake Pavin using a combination of Raman microspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Granules in intact Achromatium cells were unequivocally composed of ACC. Moreover, ACC spontaneously transformed into calcite when irradiated at high laser irradiance during Raman analyses. Few ACC granules also transformed spontaneously into calcite in lysed cells upon cell death and/or sample preparation. Overall, the present study supports the original claims that intracellular Ca‐carbonates in Achromatium are amorphous and not crystalline. In that sense, Achromatium is similar to a diverse group of Cyanobacteria and a recently discovered magnetotactic alphaproteobacterium, which all form intracellular ACC. The implications for the physiology and ecology of Achromatium are discussed. Whether the mechanisms responsible for the preservation of such unstable compounds in these bacteria are similar to those involved in numerous ACC‐forming eukaryotes remains to be discovered. Last, we recommend to future studies addressing the crystallinity of CaCO3 granules in Achromatium cells recovered from diverse environments all over the world to take care of the potential pitfalls evidenced by the present study.
Swimming training improves cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and prevents renal damage in rats fed a high‐sodium diet from weaning
Authors: de Souza Jaqueline Aparecida , Becker Lenice Kappes , Batista Marcos Adriano Carlos , de Assis Braga Daiane Cristina , Gomes Paula Magalhães , Alzamora Andréia Carvalho , Vieira Maria Aparecida Ribeiro , de Lima Wanderson Geraldo , Andrade Marina Gonçalves Caetano , de Lima Sanches Bruno , Totou Nádia Lúcia , de Assis Dias Martins Júnior Francisco , de Oliveira Lisandra Brandino , Antunes Vagner Roberto , Cardoso Leonardo Máximo
Published: December 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

How does swimming exercise training impact hydro‐electrolytic balance, renal function, sympathetic contribution to resting blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Na+] in rats fed a high‐sodium diet from weaning?

What is the main finding and its importance?

An exercise‐dependent reduction in blood pressure was associated with decreased CSF [Na+], sympathetically driven vasomotor tonus and renal fibrosis indicating that the anti‐hypertensive effects of swimming training in rats fed a high‐sodium diet might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by sodium levels in the CSF rather than changes in blood volume.

High sodium intake is an important factor associated with hypertension. High‐sodium intake with exercise training can modify homeostatic hydro‐electrolytic balance, but the effects of this association are mostly unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of swimming training (ST) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na+ concentration, sympathetic drive, blood pressure (BP) and renal function of rats fed a 0.9% Na+ (equivalent to 2% NaCl) diet with free access to water for 22 weeks after weaning. Male Wistar rats were assigned to two cohorts: (1) fed standard diet (SD) and (2) fed high‐sodium (HS) diet. Each cohort was further divided into trained and sedentary groups. ST normalised BP levels of HS rats as well as the higher sympathetically related pressor activity assessed by pharmacological blockade of ganglionic transmission (hexamethonium). ST preserved the renal function and attenuated the glomerular shrinkage elicited by HS. No change in blood volume was found among the groups. CSF [Na+] levels were higher in sedentary HS rats but were reduced by ST. Our findings showed that ST effectively normalised BP of HS rats, independent of its effects on hydro‐electrolytic balance, which might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by Na+ levels in the CSF as well as renal protection.
CRISPR/Cas9-Constructed Pseudorabies Virus Mutants Reveal the Importance of UL13 in Alphaherpesvirus Escape from Genome Silencing
Authors: Van Cleemput Jolien , Koyuncu Orkide O. , Laval Kathlyn , Engel Esteban A. , Enquist Lynn W.
Published: December 2020

Alphaherpesviruses have mastered various strategies to persist in an immunocompetent host, including the induction of latency and reactivation in peripheral nervous system (PNS) ganglia. We recently discovered that the molecular mechanism underlying escape from latency by the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) relies on a structural viral tegument protein.
A Study on Understanding Potential Gold and Silver Nanoparticle : An Overview
Authors: Hossain Shadeeb
Published: December 2020

This paper highlights on the coronavirus outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At the time of writing this paper, there has been over 6 million confirmed cases worldwide. It is a person–person transmittable infection but there have been cases of asymptomatic carriers. Hence, development of an effective biosensing diagnostic tool can curb its rapid transmission rate. The first part of the paper highlights on the SARS-CoV-2 structure and its resemblance to SARS-CoV. The second part of the paper analyzes on the potential application of gold and silver nanoparticles to generate a red shift that had enhanced the calorimetric property of the MERS-CoV analysis due to transition in its optical property. Other electrochemical techniques that utilized the application of gold nanoparticles are also reviewed. Gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNP and Ag NP) can accelerate the sensitivity upon electrodeposition on the diagnostic tool.
Structural Heterogeneity in Europe
Authors: Hürtgen Stefanie
Published: December 2020

Structural heterogeneity is probably the most important category of dependency theory to characterize the “development of underdevelopment” in the Global South. Should it therefore be a provocation to speak of structural heterogeneity in Europe? No, this article argues, because with reference to Osvaldo Sunkel, Fred Scholz and Neil Brenner among others, the political-economic logic of transnational economic integration based on socio-spatial fragmentation now also encompasses the Global North; or more specifically: the structural logic of economic transnationalisation and sociospatial fragmentation constitutes the core dynamics of European integration. So, the critical development debates of the 1970s should be rediscovered as pioneering concepts and updated in terms of spatial theory in the sense of a local solidarity perspective.
Programa Academia da Saúde: um olhar quantitativo das adesões entre 2011 a 2017
Authors: Tusset Dalila , Olkoski Mabel , Merchan-Hamann Edgar , Calmon Paulo Carlos Du Pin , Santos Leandro dos
Published: December 2020

O objetivo foi analisar a distribuição das adesões municipais ao Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) no território nacional e o impacto da alteração do tipo de financiamento das obras no quantitativo de adesões. Foram utilizados dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) referentes às adesões ocorridas de 2011 a 2017 para compor as variáveis do estudo. Foram realizadas análises descritiva e inferencial, empregando-se o teste t pareado de Student para verificar diferenças entre adesões em diferentes anos e modalidades de financiamento (emenda parlamentar – EP e MS). Os resultados mostram que a maioria das macrorregiões apresentou mais de 50% de municípios participantes (municípios-PAS). As regiões Nordeste e Sudeste tiveram mais adesões, mas a região Norte destacou-se com o maior quantitativo de municípios-PAS proporcionalmente ao total de municípios. O período de maior expansão foi de 2011 a 2013. O número de adesões e municípios-PAS nos cinco anos de financiamento exclusivo por EP não superou o quantitativo aprovado de 2011 a 2012. Nos primeiros anos de financiamento por EP, ocorreu concentração das adesões nos mesmos municípios. Todas as macrorregiões apresentaram mais de 60% de obras concluídas, entretanto foi baixo o percentual de academias com custeio federal dentre as adesões aptas ao recebimento. Concluímos que o PAS está bem distribuído em todo o país, com diferentes situações de implantação. O período de maior expansão do programa foi em 2011 e 2012, quando as obras eram financiadas com recurso do MS. De 2013 a 2017, com financiamento exclusivo por EP, o quantitativo de adesões não superou o observado nos dois primeiros anos.
Antimicrobial effect of insect chitosan on Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes survival
Authors: Ibañez-Peinado Diana , Ubeda-Manzanaro Maria , Martínez Antonio , Rodrigo Dolores
Published: December 2020

The antimicrobial capability of chitosan from Tenebrio molitor as compared with chitosan from crustacean (Penaeus monodon) on different pathogenic microorganisms of concern in food safety was studied. The antimicrobial effect was tested at pH 5 and pH 6.2 and at two different initial concentrations (103 or 106 CFU/mL). Results indicated that chitosan from both sources have antimicrobial activity, although the effect depended on the microorganism considered (Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7). Our results indicated that Salmonella was the most resistant bacteria, and that chitosan from insect was less active than chitosan from crustacean, especially against Salmonella. Another important factor on antimicrobial activity was the pH of the sample. When chitosan was added to a solution with a pH of 6.2 it was more active against Listeria and Escherichia coli, than at pH 5.00. Besides, the effect of chitosan appears to decrease with the incubation time, since some increases in counts were observed on E. coli and Salmonella after the 24 and 49 hours of incubation.
A Bird’s Eye View of Researches on Good Governance: Navigating through the Changing Environment
Authors: Naomi Prima , Akbar Iqbal , ah Firmanz
Published: December 2020

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the development of good governance research worldwide covering the practices by the public and private institutions. Design/methodology/approach – A bibliometric study on 3,375 scientific papers from 1990 to 2018 was conducted, and the data was analyzed to examine the trends and challenges in the worldwide scientific productions for good governance. Findings – Most research comes from scholars in the high-income countries (70%) and has moved from classical socio-economic topics of good public governance to sustainable environmental development. Post-colonial politics and economy remain unending discussion on good governance in Africa and Asia. Exporting the implementation of good governance from wealthier countries attracts critics and arguments from the third countries. Practical implications – 3,375 scientific papers used in this research was collected from Scopus database. While it was not the only existing scientific research database, the collection could not guarantee the sample adequacy of the worldwide scientific knowledge on good governance. There are papers that are not Open Access (OA), written in other languages, published in regional/national journals, nor have significant academic impact. Originality/value – The authors recognize that this study is the first evaluation ever. The result provides the first scientific reference for probing the worldwide practices of good governance for public and private sectors. Under the changing world environment in the form of digital transformation, the rise of intangible economy, and the worldwide trend of co-existence between nationalism and globalism; this paper can provoke the policymakers to rethink good governance both for public and private institutions.
Regularized error function-based extended Kalman filter for estimating the cancer chemotherapy dosage: impact of improved grey wolf optimization
Authors: Mohite Utkarsha L. , Patel Hirenkumar G.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The main aim of this work is to introduce a robust controller for controlling the drug dosage.

Methods

The presented work establishes a novel robust controller that controls the drug dosage and it also carried out parameters estimation. Along with this, a Regularized Error Function-based EKF (REF-EKF) is introduced for estimating the tumor cells that could be adapted for different conditions. It also assists in solving the overfitting problems, which occur during the drug dosage estimation. Moreover, the performance of the adopted controller is compared over other conventional schemes, and the attained outcomes reveal the appropriate impact of drug dosage injection on immune, normal, and tumor cells. It is also ensured that the presented controller does a robust performance on the parameter uncertainties. Moreover, to enhance the performance of the proposed system and for fast convergence, it is aimed to fine-tune the initial state of EKF optimally using a new Improved Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) termed as Adaptive GWO (AGWO). Finally, analysis is held to validate the betterment of the presented model.

Results

The outcomes, the proposed method has accomplished a minimal value of error with an increase in time, when evaluated over the compared models.

Conclusions

Thus, the improvement of the proposed REF-EKF-AGWO model is proved from the attained results.
Semibinomial conditionally nonlinear autoregressive models of discrete random sequences: probabilistic properties and statistical parameter estimation
Authors: Voloshko Valeriy A. , Kharin Yuriy S.
Published: December 2020

We introduce a new model ${\mathscr{P}}$-CNAR(s) of sequences of discrete random variables with long memory determined by semibinomial conditionally nonlinear autoregression of order s ∈ ℕ with small number of parameters. Probabilistic properties of this model are studied. For parameters of the model ${\mathscr{P}}$-CNAR a family of consistent asymptotically normal statistical FB-estimates is suggested and the existence of an efficient FB-estimate is proved. Computational advantages of FB-estimate w.r.t. maximum likelihood estimate are shown: less restrictive sufficient conditions for uniqueness, explicit form of FB-estimate, fast recursive computation algorithm under extension of the model ${\mathscr{P}}$-CNAR. Subfamily of “sparse” FB-estimates that use some subset of frequencies of s-tuples is constructed, the asymptotic variance minimization problem within this subfamily is solved.
Historians, Public History, and Transitional Justice: Baltic Experiences
Authors: Pettai Eva-Clarita
Published: December 2020

How does public history correlate with issues of transitional justice and democratization? What are the roles and functions of professional historians during revolutionary moments and in the building of democratic culture and the pursuit of accountability and justice? On the basis of examples from three former Soviet republics, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the past three decades, the essay reflects on these and other questions. It stresses the need for de-centralizing public engagement with the past and cautions against trends across the Central and Eastern European region to link processes of historical knowledge production with claims for justice and redress.
Blow-up of solutions for a Kirchhoff type equation with variable-exponent nonlinearities
Authors: Shahrouzi Mohammad , Kargarfard Firoozeh
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with a Kirchhoff type equation with variable exponent nonlinearities, subject to a nonlinear boundary condition. Under appropriate conditions and regarding arbitrary positive initial energy, it is proved that solutions blow up in a finite time. Moreover, we obtain the upper bound estimate of the blow-up time.
Metabelian groups: Full-rank presentations, randomness and Diophantine problems
Authors: Garreta Albert , Legarreta Leire , Miasnikov Alexei , Ovchinnikov Denis
Published: December 2020

We study metabelian groups 𝐺 given by full rank finite presentations

⟨
A
∣
R
⟩

M

\langle A\mid R\rangle_{\mathcal{M}}

in the variety ℳ of metabelian groups.
We prove that 𝐺 is a product of a free metabelian subgroup of rank

max
⁡

{
0
,

|
A
|

-

|
R
|

}

\max\{0,\lvert A\rvert-\lvert R\rvert\}

and a virtually abelian normal subgroup, and that if

|
R
|

≤

|
A
|

-
2

\lvert R\rvert\leq\lvert A\rvert-2

, then the Diophantine problem of 𝐺 is undecidable, while it is decidable if

|
R
|

≥

|
A
|

\lvert R\rvert\geq\lvert A\rvert

.
We further prove that if

|
R
|

≤

|
A
|

-
1

\lvert R\rvert\leq\lvert A\rvert-1

, then, in any direct decomposition of 𝐺, all factors, except one, are virtually abelian.
Since finite presentations have full rank asymptotically almost surely, metabelian groups finitely presented in the variety of metabelian groups satisfy all the aforementioned properties asymptotically almost surely.
Communication frequency between visits is associated with improved glycemic control in pediatric diabetes
Authors: Verma Rohini , Thomas Chrystal G. , West Margaret , Prichett Laura , Glancey Christine , Tracey Julia , Arcara Kristin M. , Magge Sheela N. , Wolf Risa M.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Children with diabetes are advised to see their diabetes team every 3 months, with interim communication to address insulin dose adjustments. Despite increasing digital accessibility, there is limited data on whether provider–patient communication frequency is associated with glycemic control in pediatric diabetes. We assessed patterns of communication between diabetes clinic visits and whether communication frequency via electronic messaging (EM) and telephone was associated with glycemic control in pediatric diabetes.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 267 children with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) over a 1-year period (July 2018–June 2019) at an urban academic pediatric diabetes center. Association between frequency of communication (via EM and telephone) and HbA1c was analyzed using regression analysis.

Results

Of 267 participants, 224 (84%) had T1DM, 43 (16%) had T2DM, mean age 11.6 years (SD 4), mean duration of diabetes 3.5 years (SD 3.4), and mean HbA1c 73.8 ± 23 mmol/mol (8.9 ± 2.2%). Most participants (82%) communicated with their diabetes team at least once per year, with a mean number of overall communications of 10.3 ± 13.6 times. Communications were via EM (48%), phone (40%), or both (53%). Participants with more frequent communication had lower HbA1c values (p=0.007), even when controlling for age, sex, provider, and number of clinic visits per year. We determined that a threshold of three communications per year was associated with a lower HbA1c (p=0.006).

Conclusions

More frequent communication with the diabetes team between visits is associated with improved glycemic control. Initiatives to contact diabetes patients between clinic visits may impact their overall glycemic control.
Doppler ultrasonography of the uterine artery in correlation with KANET
Authors: Medjedovic Edin , Kurjak Asim
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The aim of this prospective study was to correlate the Doppler ultrasonography of the uterine arteries with the Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET), to investigate the effect of uterine artery flow assessed by the Doppler on fetal behavior.

Methods

A population of 80 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy was included for uterine artery Doppler (UAD) assessment. The investigation group consisted of 40 women with abnormal UAD, while the control group consisted of 40 women with normal UAD. The inclusion criteria for the investigated group were: gestation above 20 weeks, and an abnormal finding of Doppler ultrasonography of the uterine arteries. All patients underwent a KANET test and were followed up to the end of their pregnancy.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in the average score of KANET tests between the two groups (9.20±3.32 vs. 13.55±2.21; p=0.001). In the first group, an abnormal flow on the side of the placenta affected the score of the KANET test (B=11.948; p=0.005), while abnormal flow on the opposite side did not affect the score of the KANET test (p>0.05). Physiological flow had no effect on the KANET test in the control group (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Abnormal flow affects the value of the KANET score, and can be used as one of the parameters in evaluation of probable fetal neurodevelopmental disorders.
A multimodal analysis of digitally mediated service encounters using ‘super-sticky’ applications: Implications from the micro to the macro
Authors: de Groot Freek Olaf
Published: December 2020

Digitally mediated service encounters such as digital payments are becoming more common and super-sticky social media such as WeChat, applications which mediate an indispensible part of our day-to-day practices, are increasingly used as the main tool for these services. However, how digital technology affects the way semiotic modes realize lower level actions in service encounters has not widely been studied. This paper carried out a multimodal analysis of videoed service encounters combined with interviews and ethnographic field notes to analyze how the use of WeChat Pay affects how modes such as proxemics, gaze and gesture realize lower level actions such as handing, smartphone handling, and ratifying payments. Second, analyses of the wider semiotic trajectories involved in the use of super-sticky social media in digitally mediated service encounters show how a mundane digital payment has important implications for how we record and disclose our personal behavior in big data and for the distribution of knowledge and skills deploying semiotic resources and digital literacies in society.
Biobleaching: An eco-friendly approach to reduce chemical consumption and pollutants generation
Authors: Kumar Amit
Published: December 2020

The pulp and paper industry is known to be a large contributor to environmental pollution due to the huge consumption of chemicals and energy. Several chemicals including H2SO4, Cl2, ClO2, NaOH, and H2O2are used during the bleaching process. These chemicals react with lignin and carbohydrates to generate a substantial amount of pollutants in bleach effluents. Environmental pressure has compelled the pulp and paper industry to reduce pollutant generation from the bleaching section. Enzymes have emerged as simple, economical, and eco-friendly alternatives for bleaching of pulp. The pretreatment of pulp with enzymes is termed as biobleaching or pre-bleaching. Different microbial enzymes such as xylanases, pectinases, laccases, manganese peroxidases (MnP), and lignin peroxidases are used for biobleaching. Xylanases depolymerize the hemicelluloses precipitated on pulp fiber surfaces and improves the efficiency of bleaching chemicals. Xylanase treatment also increases the pulp fibrillation and reduces the beating time of the pulp. Pectinases hydrolyze pectin available in the pulp fibers and improve the papermaking process. Laccase treatment is found more effective along with mediator molecules (as a laccase-mediator system). Biobleaching of pulp results in the superior quality of pulp along with lower consumption of chlorine-based chemicals and lower generation of adsorbable organic halidesadsorbable organic halides (AOX. An enzyme pretreatment reduces the kappa number of pulp and improves ISO brightness significantly. Better physical strength properties and pulp viscosity have also been observed during biobleaching of pulp.
Bayesian inference for unit root in smooth transition autoregressive models and its application to OECD countries
Authors: Jaiswal Shivam , Chaturvedi Anoop , Bhatti Muhammad Ishaq
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a Bayesian unit root test for testing a non-stationary random walk of nonlinear exponential smooth transition autoregressive process. It investigates the performance of Bayes estimators and Bayesian unit root test due to its superiority in estimation and power properties than reported in existing literature. The proposed approach is applied to the real effective exchange rates of 10 selected countries of the organization of economic co-operation and development (OECD) and the paper observe some interesting findings which demonstrate the usefulness of the model.
A study of antituberculosis activities and crystal structures of (E)-2-[2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl]pyrimidine and (E)-N
1-(arylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide derivatives
Authors: Pinheiro Alessandra C. , Nogueira Thaís C. M. , da Costa Cristiane França , Lourenço Cristina , Low John N. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M. S. V. , de Souza Marcus V. N.
Published: December 2020

A study of the anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATTC 27294 and an X-ray structural determination of (E)-2-[2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl]pyrimidine, 1, and (E)-N
1-(arylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydazide, 2, derivatives are presented. The effect of the substituents in the aryl moiety on the antituberculosis (anti-TB) activities of 1 and 2 is compared with that of other heteroaryl hydrazonyl and acylhydrazonyl derivatives. The biological activities of 1 do not depend on the coordinating ability of the substituted aryl group: in 2, the most effective aryl group is 5-nitrofuranyl. The structure determinations of (E)-2-((2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-phenol, (E)-N′-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide and of the hydrate of (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzylidene)pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide, and a literature search of related structures in the CCDC data base, allowed an examination of the more important interactions, including the occurrence of X–Y⋯π interactions.
1-Trifluoromethyl-prop-2-yne 1-iminium salts and 1-imines: reactions with the mesoionic „Nitron“
Authors: Maas Gerhard , Koch Raphael
Published: December 2020

The heterocyclic mesoionic compound (1,4-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-3-yl)(phenyl)amide („Nitron“) has recently been found to exist in a prototropic equilibrium with minor amounts of a nucleophilic heterocyclic carbene of the 1,2,4-triazolyl-5-ylidene type. Here we report that Nitron reacts with 1-trifluoromethyl-substituted prop-2-yne iminium salts by conjugate nucleophilic addition of the anionic PhN‒ substituent in the mesoionic tautomer, whereas the nucleophilic triazolylidene form is involved in the reaction with 1-CF3-prop-2-yne imines. 3-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium triflate salts were obtained in the former case and (Z)-9-arylidene-1,2,4,7-tetraazaspiro[4.4]nona-2,7-dienes in the latter.
ENTRENAMIENTO INTERVALADO DE ALTA INTENSIDAD EN RUGBISTAS JUVENILES DE ARGENTINA
Authors: Cano L.A. , Piza A.G. , Farfán F.D.
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido evaluar la influencia de un protocolo de entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad de carrera lineal en el rendimiento aeróbico de rugbistas varones de 15 y 16 años. Treinta y tres sujetos participaron voluntariamente. Se tomaron mediciones antropométricas y estimaciones del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) para caracterizar el estado físico inicial. Se estimó la velocidad aeróbica máxima para programar individualmente las distancias de entrenamiento. El protocolo se organizó en seis sesiones divididas en tres semanas, consistentes en dos bloques de doce repeticiones con intervalos de trabajo de diez segundos de carrera lineal y diez segundos de pausa pasiva. Luego de las seis sesiones se tomaron nuevamente las estimaciones de VO2max. Se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas para el tratamiento estadístico. El grupo experimental logró un incremento significativo del VO2max del 12% (p<0,01), mientras que el grupo control incrementó su rendimiento en 6,8% (p<0,05).
DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMBINANT POSITIVE CONTROL FOR AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS PCR DETECTION
Authors:   National Scientific Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine” of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Kit M.
Published: December 2020

Recombinant plasmids containing target sequences are widely used as positive controls for PCR laboratory diagnostics. The aim of the study was development of recombinant positive control containing a fragment of B646L gene of African swine fever virus. The sequence of interest encodes targets of all the PCR assays for African swine fever laboratory diagnostics recommended by World Organisation for Animal Health. A plasmid containing 1763 bp insertion was cloned in E .coli DH5α strain. After purification, the plasmid ten-fold serial dulutions were used as a positive control while PRC testing. A minimal detectable copy number was 20 copies per reaction for both conventional and real-time PCR assays. The developed plasmid could be used as a safe and effective positive control while ASF laboratory diagnostics by PCR.
Graphic and phonetic features of the “Mirror of Theology” by Kyrylо Stavrovetsky in 1618
Authors:   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Moisiienko Viktor
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the peculiarities of spelling and phonetic features of Ukrainian language of the monument “Mirror of Theology (Зерцало богословіи)” (1618) by Kyrylo Tranquillion-Stavrovetskyi.It is emphasized that the old Ukrainian literary and written tradition developed in the stream of contemporary cultural and linguistic trends of the late Middle Ages.The vernacular element has already penetrated into all spheres of written language of use: Ruthenian-Ukrainians easily and effortlessly introduced it into office work, fiction and polemical literature, into church-religious texts, and wrote scientific treatises with it. It is emphasized that special value for understanding the development of the Ukrainian literary language of specific time periods are original works, which revealed the uniqueness of the author, which is often emphasized by the use of local colloquial elements. Kyrylo Stavrovetskyi occupied a prominent place in the formation and development of the old Ukrainian literary language, because, according to many researchers, he was one of the most educated figures of the first half of the 17th century. It is noted that, in Ukrainian colloquial element is revealed quite widely and consistently at the sound level (confusion of ы, и; reflection of *ě; reflection of the consequences of ІІ palatalization, etc.). At the same time, some verbal features, inherent in writings of that time, are either not presented at all in the old edition of Kyrylo Stavrovetskyi (transition of the initial je > o), or are only singly revealed (new “ять”). Such selectivity of getting into the text of some features and not getting of others, perhaps, should be explained both by the general writing and spelling tendencies of that time and by author’s level of education. Keywords: history of the Ukrainian language, Old Ukrainian literary and written language, written memoir, dialect features.
Nomina abstrаcta with suffix -к(а) in the history of the Ukrainian language
Authors:   Bogdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Siroshtan Tetiana
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the dynamics of lexical and word-forming types of abstracts with suffix -к(а) in the history of the Ukrainian language, considers the productivity of the mentioned formant. It is established that nouns with abstract meaning are the names of concepts that have no real embodiment, indicate the state, feelings, process, quality, character traits, various manifestations of human intelligence, relationships between individuals, peoples, etiquette, are scientific and industrial terms. Nomina abstracta, formed with the suffix -к(а), functioned already in the Old Slavic Language. The general significance of objective action and the results of human mental and speech activity in the semantic structure of such derivatives have remained leading to this day. Sources of the of the Ancient Russian-Ukrainian language of the ХІ – ХІІІ centuries record a small number of analyzed derivatives (ласка, гадка). However, in the Middle Ukrainain Language of the ХІV–ХVІ centuries the activity of their use was gradually increasing (валка, висилка). There were also desubstantives, in the semantic structure of which there were no indication of diminutive meaning. The number of such derivatives continued to increase in the monuments of the New Ukrainian Language (бійка, вымовка). There were also nomina abstracta, indicating the peculiarities of human behavior, his actions, feelings, and a small group of nouns to denote agricultural actions and processes. At the beginning of the XX century accounted for the most active functioning of new works of abstracts on ‑к(а) because of the influence of historical circumstances of this time (вирубка, відставка, доставка). Occurrence during the ХХ century a significant number of names of materialized actions was also determined by the socio-economic development of society, because a significant number of such nouns denote various production processes and their features (опалубка, плавка). Many abstract names of actions in the Modern Ukrainian language are created from the bases of verbs with the help of confixes with the postpositive component -к(а) (несогласка, похибка). Today, the process of replenishing the composition of abstracts with this formant is not very intensive. Keywords: a historical word-formation, nomina abstrаcta, lexical and word-forming type, word-forming structure, suffix -к(а).
Language behavior and language firmness of Ukrainians under Russian-Ukrainian war (after the novel “Daughter” by Tamara Gorikha Zernia)
Authors:   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Renchka Inna
Published: December 2020

The Russian-Ukrainian military conflict in Donbas region exacerbated and highlighted the problems of linguistic, national, cultural and civic identity, language behavior and language firmness during the war, when the Ukrainian language becomes not only a means of communication but also a means of preserving identity and resistance to the language of conquerors. An important source for studying these issues and some of their aspects are literature and art works dedicated to the events in Eastern Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to attempt to characterize the language behavior of Ukrainians under the Russian-Ukrainian war in Eastern Ukraine, to identify the examples of the language firmness and to determine the reasons that influence on the choice of language code under mentioned circumstances, based on the materials of a contemporary literary work. The article uses descriptive and contextual-interpretive methods to describe and analyze the material of the study as well as to summarize the results. The study is based on a novel by the writer and volunteer Tamara Gorikha Zernia (the real name of the author is Tamara Duda) “Daughter”, which reproduces the events of spring and summer 2014 – the beginning of the war and the occupation of a part of Donbass region. The plot is based on true stories that happened to real people, as well as the testimonies of eyewitnesses and participants in the events. The analysis of the novel “Daughter” by Tamara Gorikha Zernia made it possible to study the characteristic manifestations of the language behavior of Ukrainians under the Russian-Ukrainian war. The predominant Russian-speaking of Donbass is the result of a purposeful Russification policy of the region during the Soviet era, and it was the language factor that became one of the reasons for the success of the Russia’s information and propaganda campaign and armed aggression. The work reflects the perception by Donetsk residents of the Ukrainian language, Ukraine, Ukrainian national tradition, which is far from being unambiguous. At the same time, with the help of appropriate language strategies chosen by the author, it is emphasized that the war in Donbass region is primarily for Ukrainian identity. Language firmness is a characteristic feature of the communicative behavior of the main character of the work, who together with the like-minded people joined the struggle to defend their country. Language is presented as a means of preserving one’s own identity as well as the “friend-or-foe” marker, an internal factor that clearly identifies the position of the participants in the events described in the novel. Keywords: language behavior, language firmness, Donbass region, Russification, language and national identification, “friend-or-foe” opposition, information aggression.
A guaranteed deterministic approach to superhedging: mixed strategies and game equilibrium
Authors: Смирнов Сергей Николевич , Smirnov Sergey
Published: December 2020

For a discrete-time superreplication problem, a guaranteed deterministic formulation is considered: the problem is to ensure a cheapest coverage of the contingent claim on an option under all scenarios which are set using a priori defined compacts, depending on the price history: price increments at each moment of time must lie in the corresponding compacts. The market is considered with trading constraints and without transaction costs. The statement of the problem is game-theoretic in nature and leads directly to the Bellman - Isaacs equations. In this article, we introduce a mixed extension of the ``market'' pure strategies. Several results concerning game equilibrium are obtained.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Forest Fragmentation in Río Botello Catchment at Facatativá (Colombia)
Authors: Rodríguez Yury Angélica , Pérez Yesica Paola , Roa Laura Viviana , Jiménez-Rodríguez César , Granda-Rodríguez Hernán Darío , De Luque-Villa Miguel
Published: December 2020

Nowadays the biodiversity loss has appeared with the search for human economic development which has reached dramatic proportions. Knowledge of biodiversity itself it is an essential factor, for finding the problems it faces and so develop appropriate control and conservation strategies. One of the main concerns in these days it is to characterize natural environments and how this have changed in recent years. The purpose of this study was to analyze the process of fragmentation of forests at the spatial and temporal level in the Río Botello catchment, Facatativá, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, during the period 1985 to 2018. A time series of LANDSAT satellite images for 1985, 2001 and 2018 was used for this analysis, along with the CORINE LAND COVER methodology adapted for Colombia. The configuration of the identified terrestrial coverages was done with the FRAGSTATS software and the IndiFrag v2.1 application. These results show that the percentage of forests in the catchment decreased from 41% of the total area to 31% in the last 30 years, this because agricultural areas increased at an annual growth rate of 0.841 km2/year that replaced the natural forest mainly in the northeast and northwest sectors of the study area. The Eastern Cordillera of Colombia is one of the most deforested in the last 50 years. According to results it is necessary to carry out an integrated management of the catchment by different institutions to reduce the fragmentation and deforestation of natural areas.