bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The identification of knowledge gaps in the technologies of cyber‐physical systems with recommendations for closing these gaps
Authors: Sinclair Murray , Siemieniuch Carys , Palmer Paul
Published: August 2018

The paper reports some training, education, and operational findings from an EU Horizon 2020 project that included the production of technology road‐maps for the domain of cyber‐physical systems (CPS). The project reviewed Deliverables from 72 CPS projects, all within Framework Programme 7 and Horizon 2020, including 18 from the ARTEMIS and ECSEL subprograms. This analysis led to the production of a “Knowledge Map” containing 75 technologies identified within the 72 projects as nodes in this map, connected by interoperability links. Filtering this map for each node, in turn, has led, in combination with other parts of the project, to some 48 recommendations for future focus and funding of developments in these technologies to assist in the rapid adoption of CPS in all domains. While the focus has been limited to European Union research and innovation, it is believed that the recommendations are transferable to other regions of the world.
Ground current control scheme for back‐to‐back three‐phase T‐type rectifier and inverter systems
Authors: Boillat D. O. , Krismer F. , Kolar J. W.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a method to control the ground current in a back‐to‐back connection of three‐phase T‐type rectifier and inverter stages if operated from a three‐phase mains with a grounded neutral point and a star‐connected three‐phase load with grounded star point. The proposed control scheme requires a ground current sensor and a single control loop, achieves a closed‐loop control system bandwidth of 1.7 kHz, and does not interact with the existing input phase current control system that is used to achieve sinusoidal mains currents. According to the presented experimental results, an effective reduction of the rms ground current from more than 200 mA (without controller) to less than 3 mA (with the proposed control scheme) is realized. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Instability mechanism for miscible two‐fluid channel flow with wall slip
Authors: Ghosh Sukhendu , Behera Harekrushna
Published: August 2018

Modal analysis of the Reynolds‐Orr energy equation for a miscible viscosity stratified slippery channel flow is deliberated. The main aim is to extend the earlier work of Ghosh . (Phys. Fluid, Vol. 26, 014107 (2014)) to discusses the instability mechanism, which has not been investigated so far. The generalized equation governing the average rate of change of disturbance kinetic energy is evaluated after solving the Orr‐Sommerfeld boundary value problem. The analysis includes viscosity perturbation and slip boundary condition. Maximum growth rate curves for two‐dimensional disturbances reconfirm the existence of new unstable modes at low Reynolds numbers. Stabilizing and destabilizing effects of wall velocity slip are found depending on parameter regime. The physical mechanism responsible for the dual role of the wall slip is brought to light by estimating the alteration of kinetic energy due to the production and dissipation of energy originating from various factors inside the perturbed flow. Slip boundary condition at the wall affects the base flow as well as perturbations. Our numerical calculations here show how the wall velocity slip gives impact on each energy terms. The results ensure that, the new unstable mode is occurred due to the overlap of velocity and viscosity disturbance vortices. Stability characteristics of this overlap instability are ruled by the energy sourcing from the Reynolds stress and the viscosity perturbation gradient effect.
Arctic Ocean Biodiversity and DNA Barcoding – A Climate Change Perspective
Authors: Walczyńska Katarzyna S. , Mańko Maciej K. , Weydmann Agata
Published: August 2018

Global changes are initiating a cascade of complex processes, which result, among other things, in global climate warming. Effects of global climate change are most pronounced in the Arctic, where the associate processes are progressing at a more rapid pace than in the rest of the world. Intensified transport of warmer water masses into the Arctic is causing shifts in species distributions and efforts to understand and track these change are currently intensified. However, Arctic marine fauna is the result of different recurring colonization events by Atlantic and Pacific Ocean populations, producing a very confounding evolutionary signal and making species identification by traditional morphological taxonomic analysis extremely challenging. In addition, many marine species are too small or too similar to identify reliably, even with profound taxonomic expertise. Nevertheless, the majority of current research focusing on artic marine communities still relies on the analysis of samples with traditional taxonomic methods, which tends to lack the necessary taxonomic, spatial and temporal resolution needed to understand the drastic ecosystem shifts underway. However, molecular methods are providing new opportunities to the field and their continuous development can accelerate and facilitate ecological research in the Arctic. Here, we discuss molecular methods currently available to study marine Arctic biodiversity, encouraging the DNA barcoding for improved descriptions, inventory and providing examples of DNA barcoding utilization in Arctic diversity research and investigations into ecosystem drivers.
Marine Optics and Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Authors: Mascarenhas Veloisa , Keck Therese
Published: August 2018

Light plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems, both marine and freshwater. Penetration of light underwater influences various biogeochemical processes and also influences activities and behavioral patterns of marine organisms. In addition, dissolved and particulate water constituents present in the water column absorb and scatter light, giving water its characteristic color. The concentration or abundance of these constituents, referred to as optically active constituents (OACs) also determine light availability underwater. Thus color being an indicator of water column content, serves as a water quality parameter. Monitoring of the ocean color variables, such as the OAC concentrations and their optical properties, therefore, allows assessment of the health of an ecosystem. Advances in optical methodologies have improved the understanding of our ecosystems through multispectral and hyperspectral in situ measurements and observations. However, the ocean environment is vast and dynamic and so limitations of spatial and temporal coverage have been overcome with satellite remote sensing that provides oceanographers with repeated synoptic coverage. Being recognized as an essential climate variable (ECV) ocean color is monitored as part of the climate change initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency (ESA). This chapter aims to provide the reader with an overview of the science of ocean color, introducing involved common terminologies and concepts and its global coverage using satellite remote sensing.
How Do They Do It? – Understanding the Success of Marine Invasive Species
Authors: Geburzi Jonas C. , McCarthy Morgan L.
Published: August 2018

From the depths of the oceans to the shallow estuaries and wetlands of our coasts, organisms of the marine environment are teeming with unique adaptations to cope with a multitude of varying environmental conditions. With millions of years and a vast volume of water to call their home, they have become quite adept at developing specialized and unique techniques for survival and – given increasing human mediated transport – biological invasions. A growing world human population and a global economy drives the transportation of goods across the oceans and with them invasive species via ballast water and attached to ship hulls. In any given 24-hour period, there are about 10,000 species being transported across different biogeographic regions. If any of them manage to take hold and establish a range in an exotic habitat, the implications for local ecosystems can be costly. This review on marine invasions highlights trends among successful non-indigenous species (NIS), from vectors of transport to ecological and physiological plasticity. Apart from summarizing patterns of successful invasions, it discusses the implications of how successfully established NIS impact the local environment, economy and human health. Finally, it looks to the future and discusses what questions need to be addressed and what models can tell us about what the outlook on future marine invasions is.
Entanglement entropy, dualities, and deconfinement in gauge theories
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Kolligs Benjamin J.
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Computing the entanglement entropy in confining gauge theories is often accompanied by puzzles and ambiguities. In this work we show that compactifying the theory on a small circle

$$ {\mathbb{S}}_L^1 $$

S
L
1

evades these difficulties. In particular, we study Yang-Mills theory on

$$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}}^3\times {\mathbb{S}}_L^1 $$

ℝ
3

×

S
L
1

with double-trace deformations or adjoint fermions and hold it at temperatures near the deconfinement transition. This theory is dual to a multi-component (electric-magnetic) Coulomb gas that can be mapped either to an XY-spin model with ℤ
p
symmetry-preserving perturbations or dual Sine-Gordon model. The entanglement entropy of the dual Sine-Gordon model exhibits an extremum at the critical temperature/crossover. We also compute Rényi mutual information (RMI) of the XY-spin model by means of the replica trick and Monte Carlo simulations. These are expensive calculations, since one in general needs to suppress lower winding vortices that do not correspond to physical excitations of the system. We use a T-duality that maps the original XY model to its mirror image, making the extraction of RMI a much efficient process. Our simulations indicate that RMI follows the area law scaling, with subleading corrections, and this quantity can be used as a genuine probe to detect deconfinement transitions. We also discuss the effect of fundamental matter on RMI and the implications of our findings in gauge theories and beyond.
Rationalizing loop integration
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , McLeod Andrew J. , von Hippel Matt , Wilhelm Matthias
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We show that direct Feynman-parametric loop integration is possible for a large class of planar multi-loop integrals. Much of this follows from the existence of manifestly dual-conformal Feynman-parametric representations of planar loop integrals, and the fact that many of the algebraic roots associated with (e.g. Landau) leading singularities are automatically rationalized in momentum-twistor space — facilitating direct integration via partial fractioning. We describe how momentum twistors may be chosen non-redundantly to parameterize particular integrals, and how strategic choices of coordinates can be used to expose kinematic limits of interest. We illustrate the power of these ideas with many concrete cases studied through four loops and involving as many as eight particles. Detailed examples are included as supplementary material.
Chord diagrams, exact correlators in spin glasses and black hole bulk reconstruction
Authors: Berkooz Micha , Narayan Prithvi , Simón Joan
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The exact 2-point function of certain physically motivated operators in SYK-like spin glass models is computed, bypassing the Schwinger-Dyson equations. The models possess an IR low energy conformal window, but our results are exact at all time scales. The main tool developed is a new approach to the combinatorics of chord diagrams, allowing to rewrite the spin glass system using an auxiliary Hilbert space, and Hamiltonian, built on the space of open chord diagrams. We argue the latter can be interpreted as the bulk description and that it reduces to the Schwarzian action in the low energy limit.
Genetic Counselors' and Genetic Counseling Students' Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Homosexuality
Authors: Nathan Megan L. , Ormond Kelly E. , Dial Christopher M. , Gamma Amber , Lunn Mitchell R.
Published: August 2018

Members of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community experience significant health disparities. Widespread preferences for heterosexual over homosexual people among healthcare providers are believed to contribute to this inequity, making recognition (and ultimately reduction) of healthcare providers' sexual prejudices of import. The present study sought to characterize North American genetic counselors' and genetic counseling students' implicit and explicit attitudes toward homosexuality. During January 2017, 575 participants completed a Web‐based survey and Sexuality Implicit Association Test (SIAT). A majority of participants (60.2%) harbored implicit preferences for heterosexual over homosexual people. Mean implicit attitude score (0.24) indicated a slight automatic preference for heterosexual over homosexual people, while mean explicit attitude score (0.033) indicated no preference for either group. Although participants' implicit and explicit attitudes were positively correlated (p < 0.001), there was greater implicit bias for heterosexual over homosexual people than suggested by explicit attitude scores (p < 0.001). Implicit attitudes differed across self‐reported sexual orientation (p < 0.001), but not across gender, race, or genetic counseling specialty. Education has been demonstrated to be moderately effective at reducing sexual prejudices, and almost all participants (95.8%) indicated that they would support the implementation of genetic counseling curricula addressing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues. The study's combined findings suggest that North American genetic counselors and genetic counseling students support, and may benefit from, the implementation of genetic counseling curricula addressing LGBT issues.
Review of Growth Modeling: Structural Equation and Multilevel Modeling Approaches (Grimm, Ram & Estabrook, 2017)
Authors: Hong Maxwell R. , Jacobucci Ross
Published: August 2018

Research questions that address developmental processes are becoming more prevalent in psychology and other areas of social science. Growth models have become a popular tool to model multiple individuals measured over several time points. These types of models allow researchers to answer a wide variety of research questions, such as modeling inter- and intra-individual differences and variability in longitudinal process (Molenaar 2004). The recently published book, Growth Modeling: Structural Equation and Multilevel Modeling Approaches (Grimm, Ram & Estabrook 2017), provides a solid foundation for both beginners and more advanced researchers interested in longitudinal data analysis by juxtaposing both the multilevel and structural equation modeling frameworks for several different models. By providing both sufficient technical background and practical coding examples in a variety of both commercial and open-source software, this book should serve as an excellent reference tool for behavioral and methodological researchers interested in growth modeling.
The influence of Al3+ on DNA methylation and sequence changes in the triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) genome
Authors: Niedziela Agnieszka
Published: August 2018

Abiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, and exposure to heavy metals can induce epigenetic changes in plants. In this study, liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), methylation amplified fragment length polymorphisms (metAFLP), and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphisms (MSAP) analysis was used to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) stress on DNA methylation levels in the crop species triticale. RP-HPLC, but not metAFLP or MSAP, revealed significant differences in methylation between Al-tolerant (T) and non-tolerant (NT) triticale lines. The direction of methylation change was dependent on phenotype and organ. Al treatment increased the level of global DNA methylation in roots of T lines by approximately 0.6%, whereas demethylation of approximately 1.0% was observed in NT lines. DNA methylation in leaves was not affected by Al stress. The metAFLP and MSAP approaches identified DNA alterations induced by Al3+treatment. The metAFLP technique revealed sequence changes in roots of all analyzed triticale lines and few mutations in leaves. MSAP showed that demethylation of CCGG sites reached approximately 3.97% and 3.75% for T and NT lines, respectively, and was more abundant than de novo methylation, which was observed only in two tolerant lines affected by Al stress. Three of the MSAP fragments showed similarity to genes involved in abiotic stress.
The Effects of Online Incivility and Consumer-to-Consumer Interactional Justice on Complainants, Observers, and Service Providers during Social Media Service Recovery
Authors: Bacile Todd J. , Wolter Jeremy S. , Allen Alexis M. , Xu Pei
Published: August 2018

Using a mixed-methods approach, the current research examines online incivility in relation to service recovery on social media. First, findings from a netnographic investigation suggest consumer-to-consumer (C2C) incivility results in some consumers holding the firm accountable to address uncivil exchanges on a firm-managed communication channel. Based on the netnographic findings, fairness theory, and justice theory, a follow-up experimental study assesses how online incivility negatively affects service recovery outcomes (firm–consumer justice) when a firm chooses (not) to respond to the incivility. Through these two studies, the current paper proposes a new form of justice (C2C interactional justice) and posits that online service recovery extends beyond direct victims of the incivility (first-party justice) to also include observers (third-party justice). This more nuanced view of justice associated with a service recovery is especially significant when considering the traditional relationships of justice with satisfaction, loyalty, positive word-of-mouth, and other desirable firm outcomes. For practitioners, this research suggests that firms must manage C2C interactional justice on corporate social media channels for both complainants and observers to avoid reputational damage and a loss of customers.
Cognitive and structural cerebral changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease after multicomponent training
Authors: Teixeira Camila Vieira Ligo , Ribeiro de Rezende Thiago Junqueira , Weiler Marina , Magalhães Thamires Naela Cardoso , Carletti‐Cassani Ana Flávia Mac Knight , Silva Thiago Quinaglia Araújo Costa , Joaquim Helena Passarelli Giroud , Talib Leda Leme , Forlenza Orestes Vicente , Franco Mariana Pires , Nechio Pedro Eduardo , Fernandes Paula Teixeira , Cendes Fernando , Balthazar Marcio Luis
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Information about how physical exercise affects patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still missing. This study evaluated the impact of multicomponent exercise training on cognition and brain structure in aMCI subjects with cerebral spinal fluid positive AD biomarkers.

Methods

Forty aMCI subjects were divided in training (multicomponent exercise thrice a week for 6 months) and nontraining groups. Assessments included cardiorespiratory fitness, neurocognitive tests, and a structural magnetic resonance imaging using 3.0 T scanner. FreeSurfer software analyzed hippocampal volume and cortical thickness.

Results

The training group showed increased volume in both hippocampi and better performance in episodic memory test after 6 months. In contrast, the nontraining group declined in functional activities, recognition, and cardiorespiratory fitness for the same period.

Discussion

Multicomponent exercise seems to improve hippocampal volume and episodic memory, and maintains VO2max in aMCI due to AD.
Differential and Distributional Effects of Energy Efficiency Surveys: Evidence from Electricity Consumption
Authors: Kniesner Thomas J. , Rustamov Galib
Published: August 2018

Our research investigates the effects of residential energy efficiency audit programs on subsequent household electricity consumption. Here there is a one-time interaction between households, which participate voluntarily, and the surveyors. Our research objective is to determine whether and to what extent the surveys lead to behavioral changes. We then examine how persistent the intervention is over time and whether the effects decay or intensify. The main evaluation problem here is survey participants’ self-selection, which we address econometrically via several non-parametric estimators involving kernel-based propensity-score matching. In the first method we use difference-in-differences (DID) estimation. Our second estimator is quantile DID, which produces estimates on distributions. The comparison group consists of households who were not yet participating in the survey but participated later. Our evidence is that the customers who participated in the survey reduced their electricity consumption by about 7%, on average compared to customers who had not yet participated in the survey. Considering the total number of high-usage households participating in the survey in 2009, we estimate that electricity consumption was reduced by an aggregate of 2 million kWh per year, which is approximately equal to the monthly consumption of 3500 typical households in California with an estimated 1527 metric tons less of carbon dioxide emissions. Because the energy audit program is inexpensive ($10–$20 per household) a key issue is that while the program is cost-effective, is it regressive? We find that as the quantiles of the outcome distribution increase, high-use households save proportionally less electricity than do low-use customers. Overall, our results imply that program designers can better target low-use and low-income households, because they are more likely to benefit from the programs through energy savings.
Missing out: The intergenerational ramifications of current social security arrangements
Authors: Lehmann Caitlyn , Lehmann Jennifer , Sanders Rachael
Published: August 2018

Neoliberal reforms and ring-wing ideologies have seen the ideal of the social security ‘safety net’ take a hammering in the UK, USA and Australia. While the gap between rich and poor has widened, and demand for welfare payments increased, politicians, certainly in Australia, have generally neglected low income families, preferring to twiddle the economic dials affecting middle and upper income earners instead. Of course, tussling over who pays tax, how much, what constitutes useful expenditure, and who receives welfare services and benefits is not new – these questions have attended the modern welfare state from its inception. But the welfare safety net that most of us, grudgingly or otherwise, concede to be necessary for collective social harmony is no longer proving as effective as we would wish. Even with a battered and frayed, but still ostensibly functional systems of welfare payment and support offered in Australia, the number of people experiencing perpetual disadvantage is rising, with intergenerational poverty – its increase and impacts on children – of particular concern.
Parents’ Associations, Support Group Interventions and Countering Violent Extremism: An Important Step Forward in Combating Violent Radicalization
Authors: Koehler Daniel , Ehrt Tobias
Published: August 2018

This article offers an introduction for constructing family self-help groups or parent associations in the field of countering violent extremism (CVE) and deradicalization. These support group interventions are an essential addition to recently developed family counseling CVE programs, which have been created in multiple countries since 2012. Based on interviews with parents of deceased foreign terrorist fighters, this article was able to identify the most pressing practical needs of parents and to suggest specific measures to address these. The most important needs voiced by parents are: loneliness, trauma, understanding, acquiring a death certificate, access to personal files, problems with child care (criminalization), and fear of the media. Support groups can be designed to address these issues with a specific CVE focus.
Taxonomic and evolutionary pattern revisions resulting from geometric morphometric analysis of Pennsylvanian Neognathodus conodonts, Illinois Basin
Authors: Zimmerman Alexander N. , Johnson Claudia C. , Polly P. David
Published: August 2018

Conodont fossils are highly valuable for Paleozoic biostratigraphy and for interpreting evolutionary change, but identifying and describing conodont morphologies, and characterizing gradual shape variation remain challenging. We used geometric morphometric (GM) analysis to conduct the first landmark-based morphometric analysis of the biostratigraphically useful conodont genus Neognathodus. Our objective is to assess whether previously defined morphotype groups are reliably distinct from one another. As such, we reevaluate patterns of morphologic change in Neognathodus P1elements, perform maximum-likelihood tests of evolutionary modes, and construct novel, GM-based biozonations through a Desmoinesian (Middle Pennsylvanian) section in the Illinois Basin. Our GM results record the entire spectrum of shape variability among Neognathodus morphotypes, thus alleviating the problem of documenting and classifying gradual morphologic transitions between morphotypes. Statistically distinct GM groups support previously established classifications of N. bassleri, N. bothrops, and N. roundyi. Statistically indistinct pairs of GM groups do not support literature designations of N. medadultimus and N. medexultimus, and N. dilatus and N. metanodosus, and we synonymize each pair. Maximum-likelihood tests of evolutionary modes provide the first statistical assessment of Neognathodus evolutionary models in the Desmoinesian. The most likely evolutionary models are an unbiased random walk or a general random walk. We name four distinct biozones through the Desmoinesian using GM results, and these align with previous biozonation structure based on the Neognathodus Index (NI), illustrating that Neognathodus-based biostratigraphic correlations would not change between GM or NI methods. The structural similarity between both biozonations showcases that determining GM-based biozones is not redundant, as this comparison validates using landmark-based GM work to construct viable biozonations for subsequent stratigraphic correlations. Although this study is limited to the Illinois Basin, our quantitative methodology can be applied broadly to test taxonomic designations of additional genera, interpret statistically robust evolutionary patterns, and construct valid biozones for this significant chordate group.
Apprehension of Colonial Modernity: Radwa Ashour’sGranada Trilogyand the Retrieval of Past Hope
Authors: Spanos Adam
Published: August 2018

This essay studies theGranada Trilogyby Egyptian writer Radwa Ashour, a novel that tells of the growing constraints on and eventual expulsion of the Arabs during the Spanish Inquisition across five generations of an Andalusian family. In linking this story to that of the Palestinians in the twentieth century and beyond, Ashour ascertains a logic of modernity in which thelongue duréegoverns the experience of time’s passage, and peoples disconnected by long intervals of chronological time bear an intimate affinity by virtue of their common subjugation. Far from being merely a reflection of her despondency over the inability to change this historical dynamic, theGranada Trilogysuggests that the hopefulness animating these refugees is a revolutionary resource with which to apprise present actors of the multiple possible futures that remain alive in the present.
Geoarchaeological evidence of landscape transformations at the Neolithic and Bronze Age settlement of Nea Raedestos in the Anthemous River valley, central Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Niebieszczański Jakub , Hildebrandt-Radke Iwona , Vouvalidis Konstantinos , Syrides Georgios , Andreou Stylianos , Czebreszuk Janusz , Pappa Maria , Tsourlos Panagiotis , Karpińska-Kołaczek Monika , Rzodkiewicz Monika , Kołaczek Piotr
Published: August 2018

A paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the landscape of Nea Raedestos Toumba in the Anthemous River valley in central Macedonia, Greece is undertaken using multidisciplinary geoarchaeological methods. The archaeological site is a settlement mound (tell or toumba) that dates to the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age. The tell’s location on the alluvial plain prompted a multidisciplinary investigation to reconstruct the influence of landscape changes on prehistoric settlements in the valley with an emphasis on alluvial sequences. An electrical resistivity tomography survey and three cores were drilled to study the sedimentary environments in and around the archaeological site. Sedimentologic and palynological analysis combined with accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating show that the oldest habitation layers at the site, from the Middle and Late Neolithic, were located next to a small, periodically drying water body surrounded by ruderal vegetation. Diatom analysis suggests that this water body was supplied by saline/brackish groundwater. The water body was open until the Early Bronze Age, when it was filled and buried by floodplain sediments. This flooding phase at Nea Raedestos likely occurred at the same time as an increase in fluvial aggradation in the neighboring Thessaloniki Plain, which is dated to the beginning of the third millennium BC.
Validation of a global model of taphonomic bias using geologic radiocarbon ages
Authors: Bluhm Lara E. , Surovell Todd A.
Published: August 2018

Temporal frequency distributions of radiocarbon ages from archaeological sites can be used as a proxy record for human paleodemography after correction for taphonomic bias, or the time dependent loss of sediments due to erosion. Surovell et al. (2009) presented a global taphonomic correction model based on radiocarbon ages from volcanic deposits that has since been used by several researchers for paleodemographic reconstructions. This method is based on the assumption that the best indicator of relative human population density over time is not the absolute abundance of archaeological materials over time but, instead, the abundance of cultural material relative to geologic contexts in which those materials can occur. To verify the Surovell et al. model, in this paper we take 2457 radiocarbon ages from geologic contexts collected from published literature to create an independent model of taphonomic bias. We find that between 1 and 39 ka, the two curves are largely indistinguishable, but that they diverge in recent times. This suggests that current global models of taphonomic correction can be used to reconstruct human populations for the late Quaternary, but that demographic reconstructions remain challenging for the most recent two millennia.
The efficiency of Amblyseius swirskii in control of Tetranychus urticae and Trialeurodes vaporariorum is affected by various factors
Authors: Mortazavi N. , Fathipour Y. , Talebi A.A.
Published: August 2018

Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is a well-known predator that is used for controlling the population of two-spotted spider mites (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and greenhouse whitefly (GHWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, in strawberry greenhouses. To find the effective factors that influence the efficiency of this predator, the predation rates of A. swirskii fed on (Ι) TSSM in the presence and absence of the pollen, webbing, and GHWF, as well as on (II) GHWF in the presence and absence of the pollen, and GHWF-produced honeydew were determined. Furthermore, developmental time, fecundity, and population growth rate of this predator under the same conditions were measured. Our results showed that A. swirskii was able to reduce TSSM population, while the spider mite webbing had an adverse effect on the performance of the predator. Therefore, the presence of the predator population at the time of the infestation is crucial to the success of biological control. It can be concluded that the alternative food sources such as pollen and GHWF-produced honeydew play an important role in maintaining the predator population in the absence of pests. Moreover, the results indicate that using the pollen and another pest along with the target pest can promote the predator density. A. swirskii consumed lower numbers of TSSM when concurrently offered with GHWF and/or maize pollen, and lower numbers of GHWF in the presence of pollen. On the other hand, in the presence of alternative food or alternative prey, the fecundity of the predator was much higher.
Effects of polymerized whey protein on goaty flavor and texture properties of fermented goat milk in comparison with β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Wang Ce , Wang Cuina , Gao Feng , Xu Yanyang , Guo Mingruo
Published: August 2018

Goaty flavor and poor consistency may impact consumer acceptance of fermented goat milk. The undesirable characteristics can mainly be attributed to the presence of short-medium chain free fatty acid (SM-FFA) especially C6-C10 fatty acids and low αs1-casein content in goat milk. This study aimed to investigate the effects of polymerized whey protein (PWP) on goaty flavor as well as the texture properties of fermented goat milk in comparison with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Samples were evaluated on sensory properties, SM-FFA contents, texture, and apparent viscosity. Compared with control, the fatty acids contents (C6, C8, C10) decreased significantly in fermented goat milk with 0·5% β-CD (22, 71, 54%, respectively) and with 0·7% PWP (45, 58, 71%, respectively). There was a synergistic effect of 0·3% β-CD and 0·6% PWP in decreasing the contents of SM-FFA (C6, C8, C10) sharply by 89, 90, 79%. Under the same percentage of addition, yogurts made with β-CD showed a higher (P < 0·05) apparent viscosity than those with PWP. However, the addition of PWP could increase the texture parameters of fermented goat milk (P < 0·05). Combination of PWP and β-CD presented a more desirable texture and consistency in fermented goat milk. Results indicated that polymerized whey protein can be used to reduce the goaty flavor and improve the texture of fermented goat milk.
Dust particles of finite dimensions in complex plasmas: thermodynamics and dust-acoustic wave dispersion
Authors: Davletov A. E. , Yerimbetova L. T. , Arkhipov Yu. V. , Mukhametkarimov Ye. S. , Kissan A. , Tkachenko I. M.
Published: August 2018

Grounded on the premise that dust particles are charged hard balls, the analysis in Davletov et al. (Contrib. Plasma Phys., vol. 56, 2016, 308) provides an original pseudopotential model of intergrain interaction in complex (dusty) plasmas. This accurate model is engaged herein to consistently treat the finite-size effects from the process of dust particle charging to determination of the thermodynamic quantities and the dust-acoustic wave dispersion in the strongly coupled regime. The orbital motion limited approximation is adopted to evaluate an electric charge of dust grains immersed in a neutralizing background of the buffer plasma. To account for finite dimensions of dust particles, the radial distribution function is calculated within the reference hypernetted-chain (RHNC) approximation to demonstrate a well-pronounced short-range order formation at rather large values of the coupling parameter and the packing fraction. The evaluated excess pressure of the dust component is compared to the available theoretical approaches and the simulation data and is then used to predict the dust-acoustic wave (DAW) dispersion in the strongly coupled regime under the assumption that the dust particles charge varies in the course of propagation. In contrast to many previous investigations, it is demonstrated for the first time ever that for DAWs the charge variation of dust particles should necessarily be taken into account while evaluating the dust isothermal compressibility.
Reasoning bias, working memory performance and a transdiagnostic phenotype of affective disturbances and psychotic experiences in the general population
Authors: Reininghaus Ulrich , Rauschenberg Christian , ten Have Margreet , de Graaf Ron , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Simons Claudia J. P. , Gunther Nicole , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Guloksuz Sinan , Radhakrishnan Rajiv , Bak Maarten , van Os Jim
Published: August 2018

Background

The jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias and decreased working memory performance (WMP) are associated with psychosis, but associations with affective disturbances (i.e. depression, anxiety, mania) remain inconclusive. Recent findings also suggest a transdiagnostic phenotype of co-occurring affective disturbances and psychotic experiences (PEs). This study investigated whether JTC bias and decreased WMP are associated with co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs.

Methods

Data were derived from the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). Trained interviewers administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at three time points in a general population sample (N = 4618). The beads and digit-span task were completed to assess JTC bias and WMP, respectively. CIDI was used to measure affective disturbances and an add-on instrument to measure PEs.

Results

Compared to individuals with neither affective disturbances nor PEs, the JTC bias was more likely to occur in individuals with co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs [moderate psychosis (1–2 PEs): adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.17, 95% CI 0.98–1.41; and high psychosis (3 or more PEs or psychosis-related help-seeking behaviour): adjusted RRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.19–2.08], but not with affective disturbances and PEs alone, whereas decreased WMP was more likely in all groups. There was some evidence of a dose–response relationship, as JTC bias and decreased WMP were more likely in individuals with affective disturbances as the level of PEs increased or help-seeking behaviour was reported.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that JTC bias and decreased WMP may contribute to a transdiagnostic phenotype of co-occurring affective disturbances and PEs.
Longitudinal association between trust, psychological symptoms and community engagement in resettled refugees
Authors: Nickerson Angela , Liddell Belinda J. , Keegan David , Edwards Ben , Felmingham Kim L. , Forbes David , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , McFarlane Alexander C. , O'Donnell Meaghan , Silove Derrick , Steel Zachary , van Hooff Miranda , Bryant Richard A.
Published: August 2018

Background

The mental health and social functioning of millions of forcibly displaced individuals worldwide represents a key public health priority for host governments. This is the first longitudinal study with a representative sample to examine the impact of interpersonal trust and psychological symptoms on community engagement in refugees.

Methods

Participants were 1894 resettled refugees, assessed within 6 months of receiving a permanent visa in Australia, and again 2–3 years later. Variables measured included post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression/anxiety symptoms, interpersonal trust and engagement with refugees’ own and other communities.

Results

A multilevel path analysis was conducted, with the final model evidencing good fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.97, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.89, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.05, Standardized Root-Mean-Square-Residual = 0.05). Findings revealed that high levels of depression symptoms were associated with lower subsequent engagement with refugees’ own communities. In contrast, low levels of interpersonal trust were associated with lower engagement with the host community over the same timeframe.

Conclusions

Findings point to differential pathways to social engagement in the medium-term post-resettlement. Results indicate that depression symptoms are linked to reduced engagement with one's own community, while interpersonal trust is implicated in engagement with the broader community in the host country. These findings have potentially important implications for policy and clinical practice, suggesting that clinical and support services should target psychological symptoms and interpersonal processes when fostering positive adaptation in resettled refugees.
Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs
Authors: Arceneaux Kevin
Published: August 2018

Intuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.
Folk-economic beliefs as moral intuitions
Authors: Malhotra Neil
Published: August 2018

Although Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) cataloguing of and evolutionary explanations for folk-economic beliefs is important and valuable, the authors fail to connect their theories to existing explanations for why people do not think like economists. For instance, people often have moral intuitions akin to principles of fairness and justice that conflict with utilitarian approaches to resource allocation.
Zero-sum thinking and economic policy
Authors: Rubin Paul H.
Published: August 2018

A main tenet of folk economics is the assumption that the world is zero-sum. Many implications stem from this assumption. These include: beliefs regarding taxation; beliefs regarding economic regulation; beliefs regarding inequality; and the core of Marxist economics. Zero-sum folk economic thinking is short-term and deals with distribution; standard economic thinking deals with the size of the pie and is longer-term.
The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs
Authors: Ruisch Benjamin C. , Anderson Rajen A. , Pizarro David A.
Published: August 2018

We argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.
Evolutionary model of folk economics: That which is seen, and that which is not seen?
Authors: Stastny Dan , Houdek Petr
Published: August 2018

Although Boyer & Petersen (B&P) make the case for evolutionary roots of folk economics stronger, their evolutionary model ultimately does not deliver folk-economic explanations that are both novel and correct. We argue that (a) most current explanations are evolutionary already; (b) B&P's model is as ad hoc as other theories, and proves too much; and (c) it overrates evolution at the cost of discounting other crucial factors.
Do the folk actually hold folk-economic beliefs?
Authors: Tappin Ben M. , Ross Robert , McKay Ryan T.
Published: August 2018

Boyer & Petersen (B&P) argue that folk-economic beliefs are widespread – shaped by evolved cognitive systems – and they offer exemplar beliefs to illustrate their thesis. In this commentary, we highlight evidence of substantial variation in one of these exemplars: beliefs about immigration. Contra claims by B&P, we argue that the balance of this evidence suggests the “folk” may actually holdpositivebeliefs about the economic impact of immigration.
Distributed cooperative deployment of heterogeneous autonomous agents: a Pareto suboptimal approach
Authors: Franzini Giovanni , Innocenti Mario
Published: August 2018

The paper presents a distributed cooperative control law for autonomous deployment of a team of heterogeneous agents. Deployment problems deal with the coordination of groups of agents in order to cover one or more assigned areas of the operational space. In particular, we consider a team composed by agents with different dynamics, sensing capabilities, and resources available for the deployment. Sensing heterogeneity is addressed by means of the descriptor function framework, an abstraction that provides a set of mathematical tools for describing both agent sensing capabilities and the desired deployment. A distributed cooperative control law is then formally derived finding a suboptimal solution of a cooperative differential game, where the agents are interested in achieving the requested deployment, while optimizing the resources usage according to their dynamics. The control law effectiveness is proven by theoretical arguments, and supported by numerical simulations.
CATERING FOR RESPONSIBILITY: BRUTE LUCK, OPTION LUCK, AND THE NEUTRALITY OBJECTION TO LUCK EGALITARIANISM
Authors: Bognar Greg
Published: August 2018

The distinction between brute luck and option luck is fundamental for luck egalitarianism. Many luck egalitarians write as if it could be used to specify which outcomes people should be held responsible for. In this paper, I argue that the distinction can’t be used this way. In fact, luck egalitarians tend to rely instead on rough intuitive judgements about individual responsibility. This makes their view vulnerable to what’s known as theneutrality objection. I show that attempts to avoid this objection are unsuccessful. I conclude that until it provides a better account of attributing responsibility, luck egalitarianism remains incomplete.
Beyond elocution: Multimodal narrative discourse analysis of L2 storytelling
Authors: Liang Mei-Ya
Published: August 2018

Drawing upon research on narrative and speech styles and on digital and multimodal communication, the author proposes multimodal narrative discourse analysis (MNDA) with associated pedagogical and analytical procedures to teach and study storytelling. The second language (L2) students first participated in multimodal narrative simulations in the virtual world of Second Life. The university students then presented, evaluated, and revised stories in both face-to-face and digital contexts through multiple modalities and technologies. MNDA further provided tools and methods for analyzing the students’ discursive processes and agentive experiences of L2 storytelling. The results of MNDA showed that the proper use of narrative elements, discourse structures, and stylistic devices, as well as bodily, visual, and video resources, assisted the students in developing multimodal designs and storytelling styles. This technology-mediated discourse approach to L2 storytelling suggests the importance of teaching and researching broader narrative contexts and activities other than simply elocution in multimodal communicative activities.