bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When solution triggers more conflicts: Frames and tone of media coverage of the anti-open grazing law of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Gever Celestine Verlumun
Published: November 2018

This study examines the frames and tone of media coverage of the anti-open grazing law of Benue State, Nigeria. Two print media – the Punch and Leadership newspapers – as well as two broadcasting channels – Channels TV and the Nigeria Television Authority (TVA) were studied from June 2016 to November 2017. A total of 10 journalists who reported stories on the anti-open grazing law were also interviewed for the study. The result showed that most of the stories cited Benue indigenes as sources. The result also showed the dominance of horror and hope frames while the tone of framing was largely positive in support of the law. Findings also revealed that factors that influenced journalists’ framing of the conflicts range from intrinsic to extrinsic ones. The implications of these results for conflict reporting are also explored.
Genetic Diversity and Variation in Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand
Authors: Kriangwanich Wannapimol , Nganvongpanit Korakot , Buddhachat Kittisak , Brown Janine L. , Siengdee Puntita , Chomdej Siriwadee , Bansiddhi Pakkanut , Thitaram Chatchote
Published: November 2018

Numbers of wild Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) have been decreasing gradually throughout Asia due primarily to human activities, such as poaching, and habitat encroachment and destruction that lead to human–elephant conflict. Sustainability problems exist in captive populations as well, where morbidity and mortality rates are high and reproduction is low. Determining the genetic diversity of these populations is essential for conservation and sustainable utilization efforts. Intersimple sequence repeat markers were used to assess the genetic variation and differentiation in 97 captive Asian elephants from seven elephant camps in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The nine primers chosen for the analysis revealed 88 bands in male and 115 bands in female elephants, of which 37 (42.05%) and 83 (63.64%) were polymorphic, respectively. Shannon’s index information ( I = 2.415 ± 0.054) and expected heterozygosity (He = 0.892 ± 0.008) indicated high species-level genetic diversity. The fixation index ( Fst) was −0.130 ± 0.016, demonstrating there was no genetic subdivision between populations. A cluster analysis was performed using Unweight Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean and dendrograms, which illustrated genetic relationships among captive Asian elephants that included 2 main clusters across the seven camps and 27 clusters for the 97 individual elephants. This high variability may be due to the different origins of these individuals, including originating from other Asian countries. Thus, this study showed that intersimple sequence repeat marker analysis was effective in demonstrating high genetic diversity among captive Asian elephants in Chiang Mai province and found cluster differences that could be used to guide breeding management to decrease the risk of inbreeding among Asian elephant groups.
Patient’s Utility for Various Attributes of Diabetes Care Services
Authors: Mishra Vinaytosh , Samuel Cherian , Sharma S. K.
Published: November 2018

Diabetes is rising like an epidemic in India. The prevalence of diabetes in India has reached an alarming level of 72.95 millions. The purpose of this article is to assess the relative importance of various health care service attributes in diabetes care. Our study uses secondary research and focus group discussion to identify the attributes of a diabetes specialty clinic. The attributes included in the questionnaire were the quality of the care provide by the health care givers, spend per visit, hospitalization expense, waiting time and the distance to the hospital. Conjoint analysis was used to assess the relative importance of the attributes. It was found that the hospital’s quality was the most important attribute while the distance to the hospital was the attribute with the least importance. Although the quality of the hospital is the most important criterion in selecting a hospital in diabetes care, factors like waiting time, spend per visit, and hospitalization expense play an important role in the selection. We assess the relative importance of these factors for the diabetic patients in India. The study is first of its kind and could help policy makers in designing better health care services in diabetes care.
The Effect of Original and Invert Enhanced Panoramic Modality on the Assessment of the Relationship Between the Maxillary Posterior Roots and the Maxillary Sinus Floor
Authors: S¸ahin Onur , Demiralp Kemal Özgür
Published: November 2018

Background:

Having knowledge about the anatomical and pathological relationship between the maxillary posterior root tip and the maxillary sinus floor is very significant for preoperative treatment planning.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of the present study was to compare the accuracy of original panoramic radiographs and digital panoramic images over cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in evaluating the relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus floor, and to verify the accuracy of the signs of the relationship between the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth and maxillary sinus on the panoramic radiographs over CBCT images.

Materials and Methods:

From 106 subjects (47 males and 59 females; mean age = 39 years; range = 18-67 years) referred to our university, a pair of panoramic and CBCT images was selected for further analysis. The relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth, the maxillary sinus, and panoramic radiography signs (root projection into the sinus, interruption of the maxillary sinus floor cortex, absence of lamina dura, darkening of the root apex, and curvature of the sinus floor on the root apex) associated with the protrusion of root apexes into the sinus was evaluated.

Results:

The P values of the data obtained from the original and invert enhanced panoramic images were .53 and .52, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of the 2 methods ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The root projection into the sinus is an indicative sign of root protrusion into the sinus on CBCT.
Book review: Kesavan Veluthat, Notes of Dissent: Essays on Indian History
Authors: Rao B. Surendra
Published: November 2018

Kesavan Veluthat, Notes of Dissent: Essays on Indian History (Delhi: Primus Books), 2018, xii + 193 pp., ₹1,095 (Hb).
Book review: Bhangya Bhukya, The Roots of the Periphery: A History of the Gonds of Deccan India
Authors: Basu Rajsekhar
Published: November 2018

Bhangya Bhukya, The Roots of the Periphery: A History of the Gonds of Deccan India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press), 2017, IX + 210 pp., ₹750 (Hb).
Book review: Vikas Pathak, Contesting Nationalisms: Hinduism, Secularism, and Untouchability in Colonial Punjab, 1880–1930
Authors: Raj Richa
Published: November 2018

Vikas Pathak, Contesting Nationalisms: Hinduism, Secularism, and Untouchability in Colonial Punjab, 1880–1930 (Delhi: Primus Books), 2018, XVI + 266 pp., ₹1,495 (Hb).
Persian lexicography in India: A historical survey
Authors: Raza S. Jabir
Published: November 2018

Persian, as a literary language, arrived in India in the eleventh century, and as its use extended, dictionaries began to be compiled from that century onwards. From simple glossaries, often explaining Persian words through their Indic equivalents, they attained a high academic standard with Injø’s Farhang-i-Jahāngīrī where there was an elaborate effort to trace etymologies and establish senses by quoting verses containing the words. It was around the middle of the eighteenth century in Delhi that dictionary-making reached its golden age with Ārzø’s outstanding linguistic researches and Bahār’s Bahār-i-‘Ajam, an authoritative comprehensive dictionary organised on historical principles.
Hyperconnectivity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Apergis-Schoute Annemieke M. , Bijleveld Bastiaan , Gillan Claire M. , Fineberg Naomi A. , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W.
Published: November 2018

Neuroimaging research has highlighted maladaptive thalamo-cortico-striatal interactions in obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as a more general deficit in prefrontal functioning linked with compromised executive functioning. More specifically, dysfunction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a central hub in coordinating flexible behaviour, is thought to be central to obsessive-compulsive disorder symptomatology. We sought to determine the intrinsic alterations of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder employing resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging analyses with a ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed region of interest. A total of 38 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and 33 matched controls were included in our analyses. We found widespread ventromedial prefrontal cortex hyperconnectivity during rest in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, displaying increased connectivity with its own surrounding region in addition to hyperconnectivity with several areas along the thalamo-cortico-striatal loop: thalamus, caudate and frontal gyrus. Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients also exhibited increased functional connectivity from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to temporal and occipital lobes, cerebellum and the motor cortex, reflecting ventromedial prefrontal cortex hyperconnectivity in large-scale brain networks. Furthermore, hyperconnectivity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and caudate correlated with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptomatology. Additionally, we used three key thalamo-cortico-striatal regions that were hyperconnected with our ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed as supplementary seed regions, revealing hypoconnectivity along the orbito- and lateral prefrontal cortex-striatal pathway. Taken together, these results confirm a central role of a hyperconnected ventromedial prefrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder, with a special role for maladaptive crosstalk with the caudate, and indications for hypoconnectivity along the lateral and orbito pathways.
Loss of the selective autophagy receptor p62 impairs murine myeloid leukemia progression and mitophagy
Authors: Nguyen The Duy , Shaid Shabnam , Vakhrusheva Olesya , Koschade Sebastian E. , Klann Kevin , Thölken Marlyn , Baker Fatima , Zhang Jing , Oellerich Thomas , Sürün Duran , Derlet Anja , Haberbosch Isabella , Eimer Stefan , Osiewacz Heinz D. , Behrends Christian , Münch Christian , Dikic Ivan , Brandts Christian H.
Published: November 2018

Autophagy maintains hematopoietic stem cell integrity and prevents malignant transformation. In addition to bulk degradation, selective autophagy serves as an intracellular quality control mechanism and requires autophagy receptors, such as p62 (SQSTM1), to specifically bridge the ubiquitinated cargos into autophagosomes. Here, we investigated the function of p62 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in vitro and in murine in vivo models of AML. Loss of p62 impaired expansion and colony-forming ability of leukemia cells and prolonged latency of leukemia development in mice. High p62 expression was associated with poor prognosis in human AML. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified enrichment of mitochondrial proteins upon immunoprecipitation of p62. Loss of p62 significantly delayed removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, increased mitochondrial superoxide levels, and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, we demonstrated that the autophagy-dependent function of p62 is essential for cell growth and effective mitochondrial degradation by mitophagy. Our results highlight the prominent role of selective autophagy in leukemia progression, and specifically, the importance of mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial integrity.
Biomarker-driven strategy for MCL1 inhibition in T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Koch Raphael , Christie Amanda L. , Crombie Jennifer L. , Palmer Adam C. , Plana Deborah , Shigemori Kay , Morrow Sara N. , Van Scoyk Alexandria , Wu Wenchao , Brem Elizabeth A. , Secrist J. Paul , Drew Lisa , Schuller Alwin G. , Cidado Justin , Letai Anthony , Weinstock David M.
Published: November 2018

There is a pressing need for more effective therapies to treat patients with T-cell lymphomas (TCLs), including first-line approaches that increase the response rate to cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy. We characterized the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TCL and assessed the in vitro efficacy of BH3 mimetics, including the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, the BCL2/BCL-xL inhibitor navitoclax, and the novel MCL1 inhibitor AZD5991. The abundance of antiapoptotic BCL2 family members based on immunoblotting or RNA transcript levels correlated poorly with the activity of BH3 mimetics. In contrast, the functional approach BH3 profiling reliably predicted sensitivity to BH3 mimetics in vitro and in vivo. We used BH3 profiling to select TCL PDX that were dependent on MCL1. Mice xenografted with these PDX and treated with AZD5991 had markedly improved survival. The combination of AZD5991 and CHOP achieved synergy based on survival improvement beyond a mathematical “sum of benefits” model. Thus, MCL1 inhibition is a promising strategy as both a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy for patients with TCL and functional dependence on MCL1.
Anesthesia interventions that alter perioperative mortality: a scoping review
Authors: Boet Sylvain , Etherington Cole , Nicola David , Beck Andrew , Bragg Susan , Carrigan Ian D. , Larrigan Sarah , Mendonca Cassandra T. , Miao Isaac , Postonogova Tatyana , Walker Benjamin , De Wit José , Mohamed Karim , Balaa Nadia , Lalu Manoj Mathew , McIsaac Daniel I , Moher David , Stevens Adrienne , Miller Donald ,   On behalf of the Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical Trials Group (PACT)
Published: November 2018

Background

With over 230 million surgical procedures performed annually worldwide, better application of evidence in anesthesia and perioperative medicine may reduce widespread variation in clinical practice and improve patient care. However, a comprehensive summary of the complete available evidence has yet to be conducted. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature investigating perioperative anesthesia interventions and their potential impact on patient mortality, to inform future knowledge translation and ultimately improve perioperative clinical practice.

Methods

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 2015. Study inclusion criteria were adult patients, surgical procedures requiring anesthesia, perioperative intervention conducted/organized by a professional with training in anesthesia, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and patient mortality as an outcome. Studies were screened for inclusion, and data was extracted in duplicate by pairs of independent reviewers. Data were extracted, tabulated, and reported thematically.

Results

Among the 10,505 publications identified, 369 RCTs (n = 147,326 patients) met the eligibility criteria. While 15 intervention themes were identified, only 7 themes (39 studies) had a significant impact on mortality: pharmacotherapy (n = 23), nutritional (n = 3), transfusion (n = 4), ventilation (n = 5), glucose control (n = 1), medical device (n = 2), and dialysis (n = 1).

Conclusions

By mapping intervention themes, this scoping review has identified areas requiring further systematic investigation given their potential value for reducing patient mortality as well as areas where continued investment may not be cost-effective given limited evidence for improving survival. This is a key starting point for future knowledge translation to optimize anesthesia practice.
Sequence architecture and depositional evolution of Eocene to Oligocene, synrift to early postrift strata in the Baiyun Sag, South China Sea
Authors: Gao Nanan , Lin Changsong , Eriksson Kenneth , Zhang Zhongtao , Gao Da , Zhang Bo , Shu Liangfeng , Wei An
Published: November 2018

The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), located on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, underwent a complex evolution during the Paleogene. We have focused on the Baiyun Sag in the PRMB with the goal of constructing the architecture and depositional evolution of the Eocene–Early Oligocene synrift stage to the Late Oligocene early postrift stage of basin evolution. Based on analysis of 3D seismic data complemented by well logs and cores, the Paleogene basin fills can be classified into three composite sequences bounded by regional unconformities and 14 sequences bounded by local unconformities. We identify seismic facies on the basis of different internal reflection configurations, external shapes, and contact relationships. The distribution of seismic facies and lithologies interpreted from gamma-ray curves reveal that the synrift basin fill consists mainly of fan delta deposits adjacent to the southern fault scarp, braid delta deposits on the adjacent hanging-wall blocks, and lacustrine mudstones and sublacustrine fan deposits in the center of the basin. The overlying early postrift stage is dominated by shelf and shelf-slope environments, with widespread developed southward-prograding deltas and submarine fans. Tectonics is the principal controlling factor on the development and distribution of depositional systems during the synrift stage. In contrast, sea-level changes superimposed on long-term subsidence related to thermal cooling determined the stacking patterns of sequences during the postrift stage. The results provide new insights on synrift and early postrift tectonics and sedimentation patterns along an evolving passive margin.
The polarity protein VANG-1 antagonizes Wnt signaling by facilitating Frizzled endocytosis
Authors: He Chun-Wei , Liao Chien-Po , Chen Chung-Kuan , Teulière Jérôme , Chen Chun-Hao , Pan Chun-Liang
Published: November 2018

Signaling that instructs the migration of neurons needs to be tightly regulated to ensure precise positioning of neurons and subsequent wiring of the neuronal circuits. Wnt-Frizzled signaling controls neuronal migration in metazoans, in addition to many other aspects of neural development. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans VANG-1, a membrane protein that acts in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, antagonizes Wnt signaling by facilitating endocytosis of the Frizzled receptors. Mutations of vang-1 suppress migration defects of multiple classes of neurons in the Frizzled mutants, and overexpression of vang-1 causes neuronal migration defects similar to those of the Frizzled mutants. Our genetic experiments suggest that VANG-1 facilitates Frizzled endocytosis through β-arrestin2. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Frizzled proteins and VANG-1 form a complex, and this physical interaction requires the Frizzled cysteine-rich domain. Our work reveals a novel mechanism mediated by the PCP protein VANG-1 that downregulates Wnt signaling through Frizzled endocytosis.
Kmt2b conveys monovalent and bivalent H3K4me3 in mouse spermatogonial stem cells at germline and embryonic promoters
Authors: Tomizawa Shin-ichi , Kobayashi Yuki , Shirakawa Takayuki , Watanabe Kumiko , Mizoguchi Keita , Hoshi Ikue , Nakajima Kuniko , Nakabayashi Jun , Singh Sukhdeep , Dahl Andreas , Alexopoulou Dimitra , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Royo Hélène , Peters Antoine H. F. M. , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Stewart A. Francis , Ohbo Kazuyuki
Published: November 2018

The mammalian male germline is sustained by a pool of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that can transmit both genetic and epigenetic information to offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying epigenetic transmission remain unclear. The histone methyltransferase Kmt2b is highly expressed in SSCs and is required for the SSC-to-progenitor transition. At the stem-cell stage, Kmt2b catalyzes H3K4me3 at bivalent H3K27me3-marked promoters as well as at promoters of a new class of genes lacking H3K27me3, which we call monovalent. Monovalent genes are mainly activated in late spermatogenesis, whereas most bivalent genes are mainly not expressed until embryonic development. These data suggest that SSCs are epigenetically primed by Kmt2b in two distinguishable ways for the upregulation of gene expression both during the spermatogenic program and through the male germline into the embryo. Because Kmt2b is also the major H3K4 methyltransferase for bivalent promoters in embryonic stem cells, we also propose that Kmt2b has the capacity to prime stem cells epigenetically.
Spatial and temporal inhibition of FGFR2b ligands reveals continuous requirements and novel targets in mouse inner ear morphogenesis
Authors: Urness Lisa D. , Wang Xiaofen , Doan Huy , Shumway Nathan , Noyes C. Albert , Gutierrez-Magana Edgar , Lu Ree , Mansour Suzanne L.
Published: November 2018

Morphogenesis of the inner ear epithelium requires coordinated deployment of several signaling pathways, and disruptions cause abnormalities of hearing and/or balance. The FGFR2b ligands FGF3 and FGF10 are expressed throughout otic development and are required individually for normal morphogenesis, but their prior and redundant roles in otic placode induction complicates investigation of subsequent combinatorial functions in morphogenesis. To interrogate these roles and identify new effectors of FGF3 and FGF10 signaling at the earliest stages of otic morphogenesis, we used conditional gene ablation after otic placode induction, and temporal inhibition of signaling with a secreted, dominant-negative FGFR2b ectodomain. We show that both ligands are required continuously after otocyst formation for maintenance of otic neuroblasts and for patterning and proliferation of the epithelium, leading to normal morphogenesis of both the cochlear and vestibular domains. Furthermore, the first genome-wide identification of proximal targets of FGFR2b signaling in the early otocyst reveals novel candidate genes for inner ear development and function.
SeqAcademy: an educational pipeline for RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analysis
Authors: Ather Syed Hussain , Awe Olaitan Igbagbo , Butler Thomas J. , Denka Tamiru , Semick Stephen Andrew , Tang Wanhu , Busby Ben
Published: November 2018

Quantification of gene expression and characterization of gene transcript structures are central problems in molecular biology. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) are important methods, but can be cumbersome and difficult for beginners to learn. To teach interested students and scientists how to analyze RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data, we present a start-to-finish tutorial for analyzing RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data: SeqAcademy (source code: https://github.com/NCBI-Hackathons/seqacademy, webpage: http://www.seqacademy.org/). This user-friendly pipeline, fully written in Jupyter Notebook, emphasizes the use of publicly available RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data and strings together popular tools that bridge that gap between raw sequencing reads and biological insight. We demonstrate practical and conceptual considerations for

various RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analysis steps with a biological use case - a previously published yeast experiment. This work complements existing sophisticated RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq pipelines designed for advanced users by gently introducing the critical components of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analysis to the novice bioinformatician. In conclusion, this well-documented pipeline will introduce state-of-the-art RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analysis tools to beginning bioinformaticians and help facilitate the analysis of the burgeoning amounts of public RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data.
Platelet rich plasma: a new treatment, or one that has recently taken centre-stage?
Authors: McGloin Claudia
Published: November 2018

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a procedure that is widely misunderstood. Although this treatment has been widely portrayed as a beauty treatment in the media, the reality is that PRP is a medical procedure, and it is not new. This article will help to dispel the myths and misconceptions surrounding this treatment and focus on what PRP is, how it works, what growth factors are and what indications PRP can be used to treat.
An introduction to veterinary nursing leadership part one: getting to know yourself
Authors: Kerrigan Lynne
Published: November 2018

Veterinary nursing is a dynamic and challenging profession requiring engaging and inspiring role models and leaders. It is widely accepted that the most valuable asset in any organisation is its people, however in today's ever changing and demanding healthcare environment, identifying and developing such leaders can be problematic. Avoiding the fostering of people who are not well suited to a leadership role is just as important as identifying and nurturing those with more appropriate qualities. This article will outline the nature of veterinary nursing leadership for people aspiring or new to the concept of leadership, and clarify the importance of selecting appropriate leaders in advancing the veterinary nursing profession.
Management and outcome of the dislocated hip hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Gill J. R. , Kiliyanpilakkill B. , Parker M. J.
Published: November 2018

Aims

This study describes and compares the operative management and outcomes in a consecutive case series of patients with dislocated hemiarthroplasties of the hip, and compares outcomes with those of patients not sustaining a dislocation.

Patients and Methods

Of 3326 consecutive patients treated with hemiarthroplasty for fractured neck of femur, 46 (1.4%) sustained dislocations. Of the 46 dislocations, there were 37 female patients (80.4%) and nine male patients (19.6%) with a mean age of 83.8 years (66 to 100). Operative intervention for each, and subsequent dislocations, were recorded. The following outcome measures were recorded: dislocation; mortality up to one-year post-injury; additional surgery; residential status; mobility; and pain score at one year.

Results

Of 43 dislocations, 30 (70%) occurred within one month and 42 (98%) occurred within three months of hip fracture surgery. Seven (16%) of these patients were treated with a single closed reduction and sustained no further dislocations. Four (9%) were treated with open reduction and experienced no further dislocations. Three (7%) hips were left dislocated and the remaining 32 (74%) patients required additional surgery of further closed reduction, revision, or excision arthroplasty. The one-year mortality rates for patients treated with two or fewer reductions (open or closed), successful revision arthroplasty, and excision arthroplasty were 3/14 (21%), 1/7 (14%), and 8/14 (57%) respectively. The only statistically significant difference in mortality was the difference between patients who did not sustain a dislocation and those who did and were treated by excision arthroplasty (p = 0.03). Patients treated by excision arthroplasty had the greatest reduction in mobility scores and highest pain scores. The excision arthroplasty group also included the greatest proportion of patients not able to mobilize and the smallest proportion of patients remaining in their own home.

Conclusion

Most dislocations of hemiarthroplasties of the hip occur within one month of surgery. Closed reduction is generally unsuccessful. For those patients with unsuccessful closed reduction, revision arthroplasty should be considered when possible, as this results in a better functional outcome with a lower mortality than excision arthroplasty.
Evaluation of in vivo wear of vitamin E-diffused highly crosslinked polyethylene at five years
Authors: Galea V. P. , Connelly J. W. , Shareghi B. , Kärrholm J. , Sköldenberg O. , Salemyr M. , Laursen M. B. , Muratoglu O. , Bragdon C. , Malchau H.
Published: November 2018

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to compare the wear properties of vitamin E-diffused, highly crosslinked polyethylene (VEPE) and one formulation of moderately crosslinked and mechanically annealed ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (ModXLPE) in patients five years after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The secondary aim was to assess the clinical results of patients treated with VEPE by evaluating patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), radiological evidence of fixation, and the incidence of mechanical failure.

Patients and Methods

A total of 208 patients (221 THAs) from four international centres were recruited into a prospective study involving radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and the assessment of clinical outcomes. A total of 193 hips (87%) were reviewed at the five-year follow-up. Of these, 136 (70%) received VEPE (vs ModXLPE) liners and 68 (35%) received ceramic (vs metal) femoral heads. PROMs and radiographs were collected preoperatively and at one, two, and five years postoperatively. In addition, RSA images were collected to measure PE wear postoperatively and at one, two, and five years after surgery.

Results

We observed similar bedding in one year postoperatively and wear two years postoperatively between the two types of liner. However, there was significantly more penetration of the femoral head in the ModXLPE cohort compared with the VEPE cohort five years postoperatively (p < 0.001). The only variables independently predictive of increased wear were ModXLPE (vs VEPE) liner type (β = 0.22, p = 0.010) and metal (vs ceramic) femoral head (β = 0.21, p = 0.013). There was no association between increased wear and the development of radiolucency (p = 0.866) or PROMs. No patient had evidence of osteolysis.

Conclusion

Five years postoperatively, patients with VEPE (vs ModXLPE) and ceramic (vs metal) femoral heads had decreased wear. The rates of wear for both liners were very low and have not led to any osteolysis or implant failure due to aseptic loosening.
The lever arm ratio of the rotator cuff to deltoid muscle explains and predicts pseudoparalysis of the shoulder
Authors: Bouaicha S. , Ernstbrunner L. , Jud L. , Meyer D. C. , Snedeker J. G. , Bachmann E.
Published: November 2018

Aims

In patients with a rotator cuff tear, tear pattern and tendon involvement are known risk factors for the development of pseudoparalysis of the shoulder. It remains unclear, however, why similar tears often have very different functional consequences. The present study hypothesizes that individual shoulder anatomy, specifically the moment arms (MAs) of the rotator cuff (RC) and the deltoid muscle, as well as their relative recruitment during shoulder abduction, plays a central role in pseudoparalysis.

Materials and Methods

Biomechanical and clinical analyses of the pseudoparalytic shoulder were conducted based on the ratio of the RC/deltoid MAs, which were used to define a novel anatomical descriptor called the Shoulder Abduction Moment (SAM) index. The SAM index is the ratio of the radii of two concentric spheres based on the centre of rotation of the joint. One sphere captures the humeral head (numerator) and the other the deltoid origin of the acromion (denominator). A computational rigid body simulation was used to establish the functional link between the SAM index and a potential predisposition for pseudoparalysis. A retrospective radiological validation study based on these measures was also undertaken using two cohorts with and without pseudoparalysis and massive RC tears.

Results

Decreased RC activity and improved glenohumeral stability was predicted by simulations of SAM indices with larger diameters of the humeral head, being consequently beneficial for joint stability. Clinical investigation of the SAM index showed significant risk of pseudoparalysis in patients with massive tears and a SAM < 0.77 (odds ratio (OR) 11).

Conclusion

The SAM index, which represents individual biomechanical characteristics of shoulder morphology, plays a determinant role in the presence or absence of pseudoparalysis in shoulders with massive RC tears.
Diagnostic accuracy of serum inflammatory markers in late fracture-related infection
Authors: van den Kieboom J. , Bosch P. , J. Plate J. D. , A. IJpma F. F. , Kuehl R. , McNally M. A. , Metsemakers W-J. , M. Govaert G. A.
Published: November 2018

Aims

To assess the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), leucocyte count (LC), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in late fracture-related infection (FRI).

Materials and Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched focusing on the diagnostic value of CRP, LC, and ESR in late FRI. Sensitivity and specificity combinations were extracted for each marker. Average estimates were obtained using bivariate mixed effects models.

Results

A total of 8284 articles were identified but only six were suitable for inclusion. Sensitivity of CRP ranged from 60.0% to 100.0% and specificity from 34.3% to 85.7% in all publications considered. Five articles were pooled for meta-analysis, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 77.0% and 67.9%, respectively. For LC, this was 22.9% to 72.6%, and 73.5% to 85.7%, respectively, in five articles. Four articles were pooled for meta-analysis, resulting in a 51.7% sensitivity and 67.1% specificity. For ESR, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 37.1% to 100.0% and 59.0% to 85.0%, respectively, in five articles. Three articles were pooled in meta-analysis, showing a 45.1% sensitivity and 79.3% specificity. Four articles analyzed the value of combined inflammatory markers, reporting an increased diagnostic accuracy. These results could not be pooled due to heterogeneity.

Conclusion

The serum inflammatory markers CRP, LC, and ESR are insufficiently accurate to diagnose late FRI, but they may be used as a suggestive sign in its diagnosis.
Effect of shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded with and without dental adhesive
Authors: Monteiro Jaiane Bandoli , Abreu Ricardo Toledo , Salgado Lívia , Paradella Thais Cachuté , Salgado Ivone de Oliveira , Cilli Renato
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of two materials for bonding orthodontic brackets on dental enamel before and after thermocycling. Material and Methods: Forty bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=10). All teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid (3M Espe). For bonding of the brackets, G1 and G2 received orthodontic composite resin (Fill Magic Ortodôntico) and G3 and G4, an adhesive (ScotchBond) was used before the orthodontic resin Transbond XT (3M Unitek). G1 and G3 were kept at 37ºC for 24h and G2 and G4 were submitted to thermocycling (5000 cycles, at 5ºC - 55ºC) prior to SBS testing, performed by a universal machine (EMIC) at 1 mm/min, with a 50kgf load cell. Results were analyzed with two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p=0.05). Adhesive surfaces were evaluated through stereomicroscopy and classified according to the type of failure presented. Results: Surface treatment with dental adhesive presented higher SBS values, regardless thermocycling (G3: 12.01 MPa; G4: 12.36 MPa) and the lowest values occurred in G2 (8.89 MPa). For groups without adhesive and with thermocycling, a higher number of completely adhesive failures between composite and enamel were present. For groups in which dental adhesive was used, regardless thermocycling, the failures were mainly adhesive between composite and the bracket. Conclusion: Surface etching of enamel with 35% phosphoric acid with or without adhesive showed a positive effect on SBS. The application of adhesive on enamel surface contributed to the maintenance of SBS values after thermocycling. KeywordsAging; Orthodontic brackets; Composite resins; Shear strength.
Evaluation of the mandibular notch angle in three-dimensional virtual models as a parameter for determining age and sexual dimorphism
Authors: Barbieri Ana Amélia , Bonfiette Daniela , Borges Jeferson Lopes Campos , Oliveira Eurico C , Assis Afonso Celso Souza , Manhães Júnior Luís Roberto , Lopes Sérgio Lúcio Pereira de Castro
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the opening of the mandibular notch angle (MNA) as a possible tool for predicting sex and estimating age so as to contribute to forensic anthropological studies. Material and Methods:  For this, 60 cone beam computed tomographs (CBCT) belonging to the UNESP ICT Radiology archive, were selected: 5 female and 5 male for each decade of life, beginning on twenties until there seventies, totalizing 30 female and 30 male. Three-dimensional models were generated for each exam and measurements were performed with three-dimensional angular measuring tools using OnDemand 3D software (Cybermed Inc., Tustin, CA, USA) on the MNA. The MNA was measured considering the posteriormost portion of the coronoid process, the lowest point of the mandibular notch, and the anteriormost point of the condylar process of the mandible. The Mann-Whitney test was performed with the intention of establishing the possible comparative relationships between the values of angular measurements and sex. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between mandibular incision measurements in both sexes, as well as when comparing the angular measurements of the mandibular incisions and the different age groups studied, when a Kruskall-Wallis test was performed. Conclusion: It was concluded that the structure being evaluated did not appear to be an instrument capable of contributing to forensic anthropology evaluations.Keywords: X-ray computed tomography; Forensic anthropology; Legal dentistry; Determination of age by skeleton; Analysis for determination of sex.
Metallic frames of removable partial denture: a planning proposal
Authors: Poluha Rodrigo Lorenzi , Soares Flávia Fonseca Carvalho , Canales Giancarlo De la Torre
Published: November 2018

Removable partial denture (RPD) is an important oral rehabilitation resource with an acceptable result even over a very long observation period. However, it is still difficult for many clinicians to make an appropriate RPD. One of the main causes of RPD failure is the missing or incorrect planning of the metal frame. Perhaps, this lack of planning occurs because of the difficulty that clinicians have to choose the components for the metallic frame among the enormous number of possibilities that exist. Thus, the present article aims to propose a simple sequence for the planning of metallic frames of the RPD following five steps: I) Classification of partially edentulous arches; II) Choice of the retainer (direct and indirect, when needed); III) Saddle drawing; IV) Choice of the major connector; and, V) Minor connector drawing.KeywordsDental prosthesis; Planning; Removable partial denture.
O impacto dos periódicos na comunicação científica
Authors: Miranda Ana Cláudia Carvalho de , Carvalho Edirsana Maria Ribeiro de , Costa Maria Ilza da
Published: November 2018

A comunicação difundida por meio dos periódicos científicos colabora expressivamente no desenvolvimento da ciência, uma vez que estes são apontados como veículos de comunicação, contribuindo com a rápida divulgação dos resultados e novas metodologias de pesquisa. Os periódicos científicos são responsáveis também por fornecer informações referentes aos rumos da ciência, transformando os trabalhos publicados tangíveis e acessíveis à discussão perante a comunidade acadêmica. Este artigo se propõe a esboçar e discutir o panorama da comunicação científica com ênfase no canal mais importante de disseminação do conhecimento: o periódico científico. Para tanto, observou-se por intermédio da revisão de literatura dos autores que norteiam esta temática as reflexões propostas. Por fim, infere-se que a evolução tecnológica tem mudado os cenários para a divulgação científica, geram o rompimento das barreiras geográficas e de tempo.
A Percepção da Equipe de Enfermagem na Avaliação da Dor em Unidades Pediátricas: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Silva Eliane Moura da , Olinda Antônia Gomes de , Barros Francisco Hilângelo Vieira , Silva Leonardo Oliveira
Published: November 2018

A hospitalização é uma experiência traumática e estressante para qualquer indivíduo, especialmente para uma criança, e uso de um protocolo de assistência na Unidade Pediátrica (UP) propicia maior segurança aos usuários e profissionais. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar se existe um protocolo que utiliza a metodologia do Processo Estratégico Situacional para auxiliar os enfermeiros na avaliação e manejo da dor em unidades pediátricas. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, descritiva por meia da Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) por meio de estudos publicados no período de 2008 a 2018. A seleção do estudo foi realizada a partir do descritor “Enfermagem Pediátrica” e encontrado 10564 resultados, sendo 594 artigos encontrados na base de dados SCIELO, 4342 artigos na base de dados LILACS, 3629 artigos encontrados na base de dados BDENF e 1999 artigos encontrados na base de dados MEDLINE.  A análise permitiu a síntese dos dados, organizada em 03 categorias: Categoria A: cuidados essenciais para avaliação e manejo da dor sem a utilização de um protocolo. Categoria B: utilização de um protocolo para avaliação e manejo da dor a fim de diminuir possíveis traumas. Categoria C: O papel da enfermagem no cuidado sobre procedimentos invasivos em unidades pediátricas. O desenvolvimento do protocolo junto com a equipe de enfermagem facilita a avaliação e o manejo da dor, bem como tomada de decisões mais rápida e eficaz para o alívio da dor das crianças hospitalizadas nas UPs, sobretudo, proporcionar uma melhor qualidade da assistência de enfermagem.
Envelhecimento acelerado de sementes de Celosia argentea e Celosia cristata
Authors: Menegaes Janine Farias , Barbieri Geovana Facco , Bellé Rogério Antônio , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Fernandes Tiéle Stucker , Santos Rafaella Gai dos
Published: November 2018

Celosia argentea L. and Celosia cristata L. are plants that are differentiated by the intensity and color of their flowering, and can be used as garden or cut-flower, with characteristic propagation by seeds produced in large quantities. The present study aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of Celosia argentea and Celosia cristata seeds subjected to the accelerated aging test. The experiment was carried out in October 2016, using a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme (two temperatures: 41 and 45 oC and six periods of heat exposure: 0 (control), 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h), with four replicates of 50 seeds, for the two species of cockscomb (C. argentea and C. cristata). The seed lots of the two species of celosia are from the crops in the year 2012 and were stored in a cold chamber (15 oC and 40% RH), with an average moisture content of 11% and a mean germination of 98%. After the accelerated aging test, the physiological and sanitary qualities of the seeds of the two species of celosia were evaluated. We conclude that the accelerated aging proved to be effective for the evaluation of vigor, germination and emergence in the species field, when submitted to temperatures of 41 and 45 oC up to 120 h.
Sex and the radical imagination in the Berkeley Barb and the San Francisco Oracle
Authors: McEneaney Sinead
Published: November 2018

This paper looks specifically at two influential newspapers of the American underground press during the 1960s. Using theBerkeley Barband the San FranciscoOracle, the paper proposes two arguments: first, that the inability of the countercultural press to envisage real alternatives to sexuality and sex roles stifled any wider attempt within the countercultural movement to address concerns around gender relations; and second, the limitation of the ‘radical’ imagination invites us to question the extent to which these papers can be considered radical or countercultural. The reinforcement of heterosexism, especially the primacy of the male gaze, gave little space for any radical challenge to gender norms.
Estado del arte de la investigación periglaciar en México
Authors: Soto Molina Víctor Hugo , Delgado Granados Hugo
Published: November 2018

En México, los estudios criosféricos, mayormente dentro del ámbito glaciológico de sus altas montañas, dieron inicio en la segunda mitad de los años 50 con los trabajos de Sidney E. White (1956) y José L. Lorenzo (1964), este último en preparación para el Año Geofísico Internacional 1957/1958. A partir de entonces se llevó a cabo una amplia serie de investigaciones en la alta montaña mexicana.
A influência do sentido de vida e de fatores psicossociais na qualidade de vida de doentes com esclerose múltipla
Authors: Pinto Catarina Ramos , Guerra Marina
Published: November 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do sentido de vida, suporte social, ansiedade e depressão na perceção de qualidade de vida de pessoas com Esclerose Múltipla (EM). A amostra, constituída por 30 indivíduos com diagnóstico médico confirmado de EM, sendo 56.7% mulheres, e com uma média de idade de 48.17 anos, respondeu aos seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Sentido de Vida, Escala de Suporte Social, HADS e WHOQOL-Bref. Efetuaram-se modelos de regressão para analisar os determinantes dos vários domínios da qualidade de vida, tendo-se observado os seguintes determinantes: para a faceta Geral da Qualidade de Vida e para o domínio de Relações Sociais, a Depressão; para o domínio Físico, a Depressão e Subdiagnóstico de EM; para os domínios Psicológico e Ambiente da Qualidade de Vida observou-se um efeito significativo do Sentido de Vida e da Ansiedade. Este estudo aponta para a relevância da intervenção psicológica na melhoria da qualidade de vida na EM e, designadamente, para a importância da diminuição da sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva e redescoberta do sentido de vida.
Desenvolvimento positivo dos jovens: Estudo exploratório realizado com estudantes portugueses
Authors: Esperança Jorge Luís , Dias Cláudia , Brustad Robert John , Fonseca António Manuel
Published: November 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo procurar perceber como se situam os jovens portugueses relativamente a alguns parâmetros que têm sido associados com o desenvolvimento positivo dos jovens. Para o efeito, foi considerado o modelo dos 5C’s (Lerner et al., 2005), nomeadamente no que concerne à sua proposta de avaliação. Novecentos e sete alunos portugueses, de ambos os sexos e com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 15 anos preencheram o PYDp/red (Esperança, Dias, Brustad, & Fonseca, 2017), a versão portuguesa do Measure of PYD (Lerner et al., 2005). Os resultados permitiram constatar que os jovens apresentavam resultados mais elevados nas questões que se prendiam com o autoconceito e com uma visão positiva das suas próprias ações, demonstrando valores menos elevados no respeito pelas regras sociais e padrões corretos de comportamento, bem como na compreensão pelos outros e nos vínculos positivos. Constatou-se ainda que as raparigas apresentavam resultados médios mais elevados do que os rapazes, mas apenas se verificavam diferenças estatisticamente significativas na dimensão caráter. No que concerne à idade, existiam diferenças acentuadas nos resultados, sendo os resultados inferiores, em todas as dimensões, nos jovens que se encontravam no final da puberdade, comparativamente aos de outras faixas etárias.