bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drugs or Surgery? For Control of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ali SM Ashraf , Begum Momtaz
Published: September 2022

Type 2 diabetes is one of the fastest growing epidemics in human history and is usually related to obesity [1]. The condition is not very uncommon in non obese person [2]. Tight glycemic control with medication (HbAlc less than 7%) has been shown to decrease the risk of micro vascular complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, associated with diabetes in 2 large randomized studies (United Kingdom prospective diabetes study, UKPDS, and diabetes control and complications trial, DCCT) [3,4]. Both studies showed that for drop of 1% (ie, from 9% to 8%) HbAlc there was a relative risk reduction of 25% to 45%. Glycemic control to achieve a HbAlc 7% in some of these patients was only possible with insulin doses > than 100 units per day and even then for only short periods of time [3]. It is believed that in community settings where >95% of diabetic patients are treated, that HbAlc levels in T2DM patients typically vary from 8.5 to 9% suggesting that tight control with medication is difficult to achieve [3]. Furthermore, intensive medical therapy required to achieve a HbAlc < 7% has a corresponding 2%-4% yearly incidence of severe hypoglycemia and often death.  So we need persistent glycemic control but method must be safer."And so it is. Just as Walter Pories said, we surgeons were unprepared to adequately assess the observation that gastric bypass surgery cured type 2 diabetes mellitus (IIDM)”. The scenario was observed by Friedman MN.et.al in the year 1955 in patients that underwent subtotal gastrectomies [5]. But the massage not only draws attention, also initiates debate among endocrinologist, surgeons and physicians.It was again observed in 1982 after remission of diabetes for the first time following a gastric bypass [6]. However, its practical importance was never valued until introduction of bariatric surgery, in which surgery done to reduce body weight.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 1-2
Intussusception: Gender and Seasonal Variation and Disease Burden in Chittagong Medical College & Hospital
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Akbar Husain , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Rahman MA Mushfiqur , Sajid Md Minhajuddin , Farooq Md Abdullah Al , Sarwar Khurshid Alam , Khastagir Rajib , Chowdhury Tahmina Akhter , Habib Golam , Banu Tahmina
Published: September 2022

Intussusception is a common gastrointestinal emergency in children and appears to have a somewhat different clinical spectrum in developing countries. Its etiology is still unclear, but a link to infective agents and viruses has been highlighted. This study aimed to assess the gender and seasonal variation and the disease load of intussusception in Chittagong Medical College and Hospital (CMCH). A retrospective review of the patients of Intussusception admitted in the department of Pediatric Surgery, CMCH, Chittagong; Bangladesh from January 2009 to December 2013 was done. Help was also taken from yearly departmental audits of 2009 to 2013. Data were analyzed with regard to occurrence, seasonal variation, gender variation, diagnosis, treatment and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed by the chi-square test, and mean and percentage values were calculated. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. There were 231 patients of Intussusception. Age range was 1month to 15 years with median age of 8 months. Male to Female ratio was 2.9:1. There was significant difference between the rate of occurrence of Intussusception and gender (P<0.5). There was a peak on seasonal variations of Intussusception during summer and quarterly distribution was statistically significant. Hydrostatic reduction was the most commonly performed procedure. The occurrence of Intussusception was 1.7% of all admissions. There was significant gender and seasonal variations.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 3-7
TRC4 Gene Based Pcr Assay in Diagnosis Of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Setu Sanjida Khondakar , Ahmed Sarmin , Sattar Abu Naser Ibn , Firoz Md Towfique Hasan , Hasan Md Kamrul , Sumon Mostofa Aziz
Published: September 2022

Diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging due to atypical presentation and various inadequacies of diagnostic tools. This study aimed to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay by using TRC4 primers in comparison with the IS6110 primers to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from extra pulmonary samples. This study was done in Microbiology and Immunology Department of BSMMU from 162 extra-pulmonary samples sent for laboratory investigation of M. tuberculosis during the period of March 2013 to February 2014. All patients were subjected to AFB smear by Z-N staining, culture in L-J media and PCR by two primes IS6110 and TRC4. Among EPTB cases 24 (25.26%) were positive by AFB smear and/or mycobacterial culture and 73(76.84%) cases were positive by PCR test. PCR showed significantly higher detection rate of EPTB cases than that of AFB smear and L-J medium culture (p <0.005). Only IS6110 and only TRC4 were positive in 4.1% and 12.5% cases respectively. The sensitivity of PCR using TRC4 primers was higher (85.71%) than IS6110 primers (80.95%). Repetitive elements TRC4 can be an ideal target for PCR assays to identify M. tuberculosis; in strains carrying no copies or single copy of 156110 and can play a significant role in diagnose the EPTB cases.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 12-17
Clinical Profiles of Peripartum Neurodeficit
Authors: Ahmed Md Shaik , Datta Nitai Prasad , Najir Selina , Sattar Md Abdus
Published: September 2022

To find out the clinical profiles of peripartum neurodeficit, a prospective observational study in 23 patients was conducted from 1st July 2008 to 31st June 2009 in the department of Physical Medicine, Chittagong Medical College. Presenting neurological findings and FIM scores for self-care, sphincter control, transfer and locomotion were measured. Ambulation of the patients was paretic and dependent. Paralysed body parts were mainly both lower limbs (69.6%). Disability pattern was mainly in walking (82.6%). Reflexes of most of the patients and mostly lower limbs were affected. Muscle power was reduced in the lower limbs in 100% and in the upper limbs in 40% of the patients. Neurological profiles are measured with functional independence measure (FIM) scale. Normal FIM scores are of self-care-42, sphincter control-14, transfer-21 and locomotion-14 and combined score is 91. In the observed patients, FIM scores of selfcare were; minimum 9 to maximum 21, sphincter control 2 to 5, transfer 3 to 9, locomotion 2 to 5. Combined total FIM score was found minimum 16 to maximum 49 and mean 36.70 + 11.60 out of normal score 91. From this study it may be concluded that peripartum neurodeficit may cause various neurological disabilities.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 18-21
Immediate Effect of Nebulized Budesonide in Asthmatic Children : A Randomized Controlled Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Mamun Md Abdullah Al , Sharma Jhulan Das , Karim Md Rezaul
Published: September 2022

Very little is known about the immediate response of nebulized corticosteroid in addition to systemic steroids plus nebulized salbutamol in the early management of acute asthma in children. This study was aimed to observe any immediate effect of nebulized budesonide in the management of acute asthma in children. A total of 106 asthmatic patients aged between 5-12 years were investigated in a prospective single-blind, placebo controlled fashion. All subjects were entered in a randomized manner into one of two groups, Group-1 (Study Group) and Group-II (Control Group). After the Paediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) and the Peak Expiratory Flow Rates (PEFR) had been measured in all patients at the beginning of the study, both the study group (Group-1) and the control group (Group-II) received three consecutive doses of nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg/dose) and one dose of parenteral hydrocortisone (5 mg/kg/dose, intravenous). After this initial treatment, nebulized budesonide (1 mg/dose) was administered to patients in Group-1. One hour latter, the PASS and the PEFR were measured once more and at discharge, the durations of hospital stay (in days) were recorded for comparison between two groups. There were 53 patients in Group-1 (mean age: 7.99€2.12) and 53 patients in Group-II (mean age: 7.45+2.13). Both the groups were comparable for age (p=0.212) and sex (p=0.242)and inhaled steroid prophylaxis rate (p=0.233). No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with respect to the decrease in PASS (p=0.851). Yet, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to the increase in PEFR (p=0.006) and durations of hospital stay in days (p=0.004). The positive immediate effect of nebulized budesonide in addition to systemic steroids and nebulized salbutamol in improving the PEFR as well as durations of hospital stay in asthmatic children is an encouraging finding for further study of its routine use in the paediatric emergency department.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 27-31
Epidemiology and Management of Mandibular Fracture : Two Year Experience in Tertiary Care Dental Hospital
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ali , Uddin Mohammad Muslim , Biswas Rajat Shankar Roy
Published: September 2022

Injuries of the maxillofacial complex represent one of the most important health problems worldwide. The incidence of maxillofacial skeleton fractures is rising globally, the main contributors being road side accidents, interpersonal violence and falls from heights. If not treated properly, such fractures may lead to life long functional and structural disability. This study was designed to determine demographics, clinical features, patterns of mandibular bone fractures, treatment and postoperative evaluation of such fractures. This was a descriptive study, based on data of 30 patients of mandible fractures, from March 2010 to February 2012. Variables examined included demographic & clinical features, patterns of mandibular bone fractures and results of open and closed reduction of isolated mandibular fractures using surgical stainless steel wire and miniplates. Patients were followed up for one year. There were 30 patients, 26 male and 4 females, age ranged from 5-70 years (mean age was 25 years). Most common causes were road traffic accident (50%), and interpersonal violence (30%).Parasymphysis (53%)and angle(20%) of mandible was most common site of mandibular fracture and Postoperative complication rate was higher in closed reduction than in open reduction cases with internal fixation (ORIF). Long-term collection of epidemiological data regarding maxillofacial skeleton and management aspects of mandibular fractures are important for the evaluation of existing preventive measures and useful in the development of new methods of injury prevention and treatment.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 37-40
New Treatment Options in Primary Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Dutta Pradip Kumar , Dutta Arup
Published: September 2022

Primary Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Steroids and Immunosuppressives are the mainstay of treatment of this group. The 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guideline for GN recommends the best evidence based guidelines for GN. After the guideline has been published some of the advances has been seen in some of the trials regarding the use of Rituximab particularly in steroid and Calcineurin (CNI) dependent Minimal change Nephrotic Syndrome(MCNS) and Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN). Recently a new entity "Cz glomerulonephritis” has been proposed for which complement directed therapy (Eculizumab) has been suggested. In some recent trials Abatacept has been used in Focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Ofatumumab has been used in Rituximab resistant nephrotic syndrome. In our review we will focus on some of key recommendations of KDIGO guideline along with some of the findings made after the guideline has been published.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 44-51
Disaster Management: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Huq Mohammad Ershadul , Khan Mohammad Asif , Illias Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Disaster refers to death, loss of human life, economic disruption & deterioration of health and health related services Disasters are not confined to a particular part of the world. They can occur at any place at any time. Major disasters or emergencies occurred throughout the history and as the world population grows and the resources become more limited, communities are increasingly becoming more vulnerable to the hazards that cause disaster. The statistics gathered since 1969 shows a rise in the number of people affected by disasters. The number of injuries and deaths differs depending on the number of factors such as the type of disaster, the density and distribution of the population, condition of the environment, and degree of the preparedness and opportunity of the warning. We can minimize the death, ecological disruption and deterioration of the health services by proper planning and management.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 3-6
Utilization and Satisfaction With Major Health Care Services Amongst the Slum Dwellers of Dhaka City
Authors: Mahejabinl Farzana , Parveen Shamima , Datta Pranay
Published: September 2022

The main objectives of this study are to find out the extent of utilization of health care services and satisfaction with major types of health care services amongst the slum dwellers of Dhaka city. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months starting from July 2013 to December 2013. A house to house survey was conducted and a total of 1029 slum dwellers were enrolled for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study. Data were collected through pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire. The study showed that pharmacy quacks 476 (46.3%) were the most dominant source of health care for the slum dwellers in Dhaka city. Medical College Hospital 238 (23.1%) was the second most dominant source of health care in slum areas. The other main sources were government hospitals, private practitioners respectively. Most of the respondents 429 (41.69%) were satisfied with the services of pharmacy quack and 268 (26.04%) respondents were satisfied with the services of medical college hospital. Among rest, 132 (12.82%) were satisfied with government hospitals and 121(11.75%) were satisfied with private practitioners. Majority of the respondents selected pharmacy quack to receive health care services due to affordability 127 (24.6%) and feasibility 107 (20.7%). In the study, 51 (16.1%) respondents selected medical college hospital for availability of facilities, effective treatment, good doctor-patient communication and better investigation facilities. According to the respondents 291 (38.1%) the main barrier to access health care was treatment cost. Highly significant association was found between educational status of the slum dwellers and selection of pharmacy quack (p=0.000) and medical college hospital (p=0.000). Significant association was also found between occupational status and selection of pharmacy quack (0.003) and medical college hospital (0.011). Highly significant association was found between monthly income and selection of medical college hospital (p=0.000). Pharmacy quack was the most dominant healthcare service in slum area. As persons running pharmacy quacks often provide poor quality of healthcare services, they need continuous training and back-up supports to improve their quality of services and to strengthen the overall healthcare system in Bangladesh.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 7-13
Haemoglobin Increment by Red Blood Cells Transfusion in Cancer Patients With Anaemia
Authors: Begum Mamtaz , Banu Laila Arjumand , Hasan Md Kamrul , Islam Naima
Published: September 2022

Severe anaemia is usually treated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and in some cases moderate anaemia also requires transfusion. Traditionally one unit of red blood cells is transfused to increase the hemoglobin (Hb) level by 1 gm/dl, although no consensus guideline is available in our country. This study was done to see how much hemoglobin level was increased after transfusion of one unit of red blood cells in cancer patients with anaemia in our people. During the period of July 2012 to December 2012, 160 patients were studied in the Department of Transfusion Medicine of National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka. All patients were aged >18 years of both sexes having a haemoglobin level of <10 gm/dl, and had no transfusion of platelets, plasma or colloid within 24 hours of red cells transfusion or with active bleeding or drain loss. The average increment of haemoglobin level was 0.74 gm/dl (0.74±0.11) gm/dl for each unit of red blood cells transfusion. This rise of haemoglobin level was different from the traditional calculation which was statistically significant (p<0.01). The traditional calculation for correction of anaemia by red blood cell transfusion is not suitable for the people of our country.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 21-25
Blunt Abdominal Trauma: An Evaluation At Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Sajid Md Minhajuddin , Bhuiyan Md Akbar Husain , Rahman MA Mushfiqur , Farooq Md Abdullah Al , Sarwar Khurshid Alam
Published: September 2022

Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT) is a common paediatric surgical problem in Bangladesh. This retrospective study was carried out from July 2010 to June 2013 to evaluate the management of patients with BAT in the department of Paediatric Surgery of Chittagong Medical Hospital. Hospital records were analyzed regarding mechanism of injury, clinical presentations, investigations, treatment and follow up. This study was aimed at observing present management of BAT and advocate further improvement. The age range was up to 12 years. Total number of patients studied was 48, with male female ratio of 3:1. 9 children were < 5 years of age and 39 children were > 5 years of age. Common mechanism of injury were road traffic accident (56.25%) and fall from a height (31.25%). 33 patients presented within 24 hours (68.75%) and 15 presented after 24 hours (31.25%). 5 patients (10.65%) presented with shock and 34 patients (70.83%) had signs of peritonitis. 36 patients (75%) were treated conservatively and surgical intervention was required in 12 cases (25%). After one month, 1 patient presented with Pancreatic pseudocystand 2 patient developed intestinal obstruction.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 26-30
Association of Maternal Weight Gain and Fetal Weight at Term Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nu Ma Yin , Nut Pu Chaw , Akhter Fateha , Dutta Asok Kumar , Dutta Arup
Published: September 2022

To evaluate the relationship between maternal weight gain and fetal weight in term pregnancy. An observational study was carried out in a private clinic in Cox's Bazar, from March 2011 to March 2012. Total 200 mothers with singleton pregnancy were selected. Maternal weights were recorded in 1st trimester and 3rd trimester. Fetal weights were noted at 37 completed weeks of gestation by ultrasonography. Most (63%) of the women were 20 - 29 years of age (mean 24.1±5.3) and 70.5% women got married at the age of 16 — 20 years (mean 18.71±2.79) and 11% of them had <2500gm fetus. The frequency of <2500gm fetus were 12% and 22.5% had > 1 children (mean 1.33±0.36), 46% of mothers having >3 children had <2500gm fetus (p = <0.05). It was detected that 65.5% of 20 — 24 years old mothers gained 10-12 kg. Mothers who gained < 8 kg of weight, 75% of them had <2500gm fetus, this study also revealed that 44.3% of mothers who gained 10 -12 kg weight had>2500gm fetus. There is significant correlation between the number of parity and variation of fetal weight.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 31-35
Surgical Repair of Vesico- Vaginal Fistula
Authors: Das Suchanda , Begum Rokeya , Chowdhury Bidhan Roy , Sultana Nargis
Published: September 2022

The objective of our study is to highlight the outcome of repair of vesicovaginal fistula in a tertiary care hospital. From May' 2013 to Dec'2014 some patents with vesicovaginal fistula underwent surgical repair in Chittagong Medical College Hospital. This is an observational study. Obstetrical complication mainly obstructed labour (98%) was the most common cause for the development of urinary fistula . Among 50 pt. (all are repaired with transvaginal approach) 41 pt —fully cured, 3 pt had urethral, incontinence. 1 pt. had vaginal stenosis, 5 pt had no successful outcome. The study concluded that genitourinary fistula is still a very troublesome complication of obstetric and gynaecoalogical procedure in developing countries. The high prevalence of vesicovaginal fistula highlights the importance of hospital delivery and the need for skilled and competent health care personal. In all case of VVF repair, proper evaluation of pt. to decide type of procedure and route of repair is essential.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 36-40
Study of Structural and Functional Defects In Choledochal Cyst
Authors: Khastagir Rajib , Bhuiyan Md Akbar Husain , Farooq Md Abdullah Al , Islam Mohammed Saiful
Published: September 2022

Although many research works have been undertaken over decades to find out the etiology and mechanism of the structural defects resulting in formation of choledochal cyst and the consequent physiological dysfunction, the exact cause remained obscure. This study was undertaken to explore what structural changes in the choledochal cyst leads to its dilatation, at the same time it was also decided to find out how the choledochal cyst behaves with volume change. The study was conducted on 10 children with choledochal cyst in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka during the period of March 2007 to October 2008 by infusing a volume of contrast diluted with normal saline with the help of peroperative cholangiogram and a pressure measuring device. Biopsy was taken from resected choledochal cyst wall and wall of the CBD unaffected by the cyst. We hypothesized that, choledochal cyst is plastic in nature and there is increase of collagen fibers than elastic fibers in the wall of choledochal cyst that causes its dilatation. Out of 10 patient 2 were male and 8 were female. In quantitative estimation of collagen and elastic fiber, in control quantity of collagen fiber mean 106.40 ± 49.50, quantity of elastic fiber mean 79.80 ± 15.98, proportion of collagen and elastic fiber mean 1.35 ± 0.59 and in case (from choledochal cyst wall) quantity of collagen fiber mean 199.60 ± quantity of elastic fiber mean 46.10 ± 1.50, proportion of collagen and elastic fiber mean 4.76 ± 1.96. All this findings are statistically significant (p. value < 0.001). From the study it concluded that, choledochol cyst is plastic in nature showing almost a sigmoid shaped curve and increase in the collagen fiber over the elastic fiber in its wall causing dilatation with resultant stasis.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 46-48
Primary Tuberculous Appendicitis: Rare Cause of a Common Disease
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Khan AKM Shahabuddin
Published: September 2022

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is quite rare, representing only 3% of all extrapulmonary cases. Primary tuberculosis of the appendix is a clinical rarity. It is usually secondary to tuberculosis elsewhere in the abdomen. Diagnosis is often made only after histopathological examination of the resected specimen. This report describes a 21 year old male with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, who was finally diagnosed as tuberculous appendicitis as the histopathological examination revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation along with caseous necrosis. We made a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis of appendix and the patient was on anti-tuberculosis medication. This article stresses the importance of histopathological examination of the resected appendix.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 54-56
Carcinoma of Vagina in Utero-Vaginal Prolapse: A Rare Presentation & Literature Review
Authors: Rehena Zeenat , Begum Rokeya , Das Suchanda
Published: September 2022

Primary vaginal carcinoma is a rare entity in gynaecological oncology. Genital prolapse associated with primary carcinoma of vagina is even more rare. We here report two cases of early stage of vaginal carcinoma associated with utero-vaginal prolapse treated by surgery & radiotherapy and the review of literature of same entity. A 65 yrs old post menopausal lady presented with irreducible utero-vaginal prolapse & foul smelling per vaginal discharge. A fungating growth was present on the middle part of rt. antero-lateral wall of vagina. Biopsy was taken from the growth & histopathology showed squamous cell Ca. A 75 yrs old multiparous lady presented with long standing ulcer in association with second degree uterovaginal prolapse. Biopsy of the ulcer revealed squamous cell Ca of vagina. As one of the most complicated therapeutic problems in gynaecological oncology, this disease had been deemed to be untreatable until the end of 1930s. Presently as a result of technological improvements in radiotherapy & radical surgery, more favourable prognosis are to be achieved. A patient with a long history of uterine prolapse must be treated with care due to the risk potential for malignant change. Any lesion associated with utero-vaginal prolapse need careful evaluation & should be subjected to biopsy to rule out the underlying carcinoma.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 61-64
Management of Large Facial Patch With Recurring Reversal Reaction: A Case Report
Authors: Hossain Delwar , Yasmin Rezina , Saha Alvin
Published: September 2022

Inflamed large facial patch, being compromising the appearance and beauty of a patient, is a source of embarrassment and distress, and affects anti-leprosy drive adversely in many ways in the field situation. Its management with oral prednisolone alone, the mainstay of treatment for reversal reaction, proved disappointing. To see whether topical tacrolimus will be helpful in managing those patients. We treated a patient with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, twice daily and lower dose oral prednisolone for twelve months during March, 2012-February, 2013. Complete remission was achieved No side effects of whatsoever was seen. No recurrence of reaction is seen till to date. Tacrolimus ointment and lower dose prednisolone was found helpful in managing patient with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 65-68
Textiloma: Unexplained Abdominal Pain Following Caesarean Section
Authors: Bhattacharjee Seema , Begum Rokeya
Published: September 2022

Retaining of surgical sponges or instruments in the abdomen during surgery usually menifest as abscess, abdomino cutaneous fistula with or without any definite symptoms during lifetime. A 22 years lady presented to us with persistant symptoms of foul smelling lochial discharge, fever and abdominal pain of about 3 months following caesarean section due to retained gauze into abdominal cavity. The condition is termed as textiloma or gauzoma (from surgical gauze). Several reports of textiloma were reported in literature but migration of retained gauze into terminal ileum without producing bowel symptom is not reported. It is an ethical surgical repercussions following caesarean section.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 69-72
Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Education In Bangladesh- Updated 2012: An Internal Review and Suggestions
Authors: Khan Amin Uddin A , Mollah Abdus Saleque , Morshed AKM Manzur , Dutta Pradip Kumar , Hassanzuzzaman Md , Rabbani Mohammad Golam , Datta Biswajit , Chowdhury Saifuddin , Raha Aloke Kumar
Published: September 2022

We like to express our deep gratitude and respects to the concerned experts and authority for presenting us the Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Education in Bangladesh- Updated 2012. The quality of healthcare is under scrutiny all over the world because of increasing public expectation of their health care services. Therefore a positive change is needed in the role of doctors. The role of teachers and students in teaching —learning with positive changes in medical education, its strategy and process also needs to be reviewed periodically and updated as to the international standard. (Professor Khondhaker Md Shefyet Ullah Former DG, DGHS). It can be mentioned that the curriculum planning process is continuous, dynamic and never ending. Factors contributing to an effective medical education system are the quality of students, quality of teaching staff, and their effective delivery of need based scientific curriculum. If it is to serve the best, the needs and availability of the resources of the individual institutions should be assessed and be utilized rationally and perfectly.

JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (2) : 73-75
“Şîa’da Kur’an İlimleri -Muhammed Hâdî Ma‘rifet Örneği-” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme Yazar: Ersin Çelik, (Ankara: Fecr Yayınları, 2021, 1.Baskı, 370 Sayfa)
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Enes
Published: September 2022

Ulûmu'l-Kur'ân, vahyin başta tarihsel süreci ve tefsiri olmak üzere birçok mühim konuyu muhtevasında barındıran bir üst kavramdır. Şiî düşüncede ilk ansiklopedik tarzda telif edilen Ulûmu'l-Kurân eseri Muhammed Hâdî Ma'rifet tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Ancak bu konuda Şia mezhebinde müstakil olarak yeterli çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu makalede; Ersin Çelik'in bu alandaki eksikliği giderebilme amacına yönelik kaleme aldığı “Şîa’da Kur’an İlimleri – Muhammed Hâdî Ma‘rifet Örneği-” adlı kitabında meseleye dair benimsediği yöntem çerçevesinde yaptığı tespitlerden hareketle eserin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Cultural Sensitivity of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in Empathy Measure
Authors: Chan Raymond W.M. , Yuen Man T. , Cheng Y. Tan
Published: September 2022

The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is one of the commonly used self-report scales to measure empathy. Davis (1980) reported a four-factor structure in empathy in developing this scale, including empathic concern, perspective taking, personal distress, and fantasy. Empirical studies among different populations with Western culture provided solid and stable support to this four-component scale, such as adults in France and America, college students in Belgium and Chile, and adolescents in Dutch. Although IRI is a popular instrument for measuring parental empathy in most studies, exploring its factor structure among parents as a sample is quite rare. Moreover, the number of factors in its structure is not stable among the Chinese population. For example, it reported a hierarchical four-factor model among both general population and clinical patients with schizophrenia, but a bi-factor model among Chinese students in Mainland China. On the other hand, a three-factor model, where a new component, namely empathy scale, is a combination of both emotional and cognitive aspects of empathy, was reported among Chinese students in Hong Kong. Further investigation of its factor structure by developing a Chinese version with Chinese parents as samples to fill up this research gap is deemed necessary.
'Hanging on the edge off a cliff' Home Educating parents' experience of Exam Cancellations due to Covid Pandemic
Authors: Govaerts Fadoua
Published: September 2022

National examinations were cancelled for students in England at the end of the summer term in 2020 2021 and were replaced by teacher-assessed grades due to the Covid pandemic. This paper aims to present the experience of home educating parents as they navigated the process required to enable their child to access grades during this crisis. Home educated students can only have access to exams as private candidates. The exam cancellations resulted in restricted access to teacher assessments for this population due to the nature of their educational settings. This study employed semi-structured interviews with home educating parents in England to focus on their experience of the exam cancellations and their access to alternative grading processes for their children. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The most significant finding is the lack of regulations for exams and assessments, which has the potential to limit a population of children to obtain the grades they need to progress further educationally. The other significant finding that emerged is the impact of the exam cancellation on the family, including the emotional, time and financial costs. In conclusion, questions are raised about the importance of just and equitable access to qualifications for home educated students.
Expressive Speech Acts in Political Discourse: An Integrative Approach Perspective
Authors: Gurevich Lyubov
Published: September 2022

The article aims at analyzing of the contemporary political discourse modality that has acquired specific characteristic features of highly emotional utterances based on deliberate or unintended violation of political etiquette principles recently. The article’s generalized theorizing is illustrated by a sample of case study of invectives in political discourse. This analysis aims at distinguishing “agonal” signs (a deliberate use of invectives in speech) and pragmatic borrowings (inadvertent use of invectives) in their functioning, their pragma-semantic characteristics and discursive markers, which helps us in identification of both types of political discourse linguistic items. This research represents an integrative approach combining the Critical Discourse Analysis, the Political Discourse Semiotics Theory, the Role Theory, the Communication Theory, and others, in order to discover the actual reasons and consequences of these changes in the society in general, and in political discourse in particular.
ATTOUDA’DAN CORNUCOPİA KABARTMALI SİLİNDİRİK ALTAR
Authors: YILMAZ KOLANCI Bilge , GÜMELİ Ozan
Published: September 2022

Denizli ili, Sarayköy ilçesi, Hisar Mahallesi (Köyü) sınırlarında bulunan Attouda antik kenti, Salbakos Dağı (Babadağ) silsilesi üzerinde kurulan bir tepe yerleşimidir. Phrygia ve Karia Bölgeleri arasındaki sınır hattını oluşturan antik kentin üzerinde, geçmişi Selçuklu Dönemi’ne kadar uzanan Hisar köyü yerleşimi bulunmaktadır. Hisar köyüne ait yapıların 143 tanesi tescilli olup yerleşim 1. Derece Arkeolojik Sit alanına ek olarak Kentsel Arkeolojik Sit alanı ilan edilmiştir. Üzerinde bulunan bu yoğun konut dokusundan dolayı Attouda yerleşimine ait arkeolojik kalıntılar oldukça azdır. Yerleşimle ilişkili arkeolojik veriler Attouda’nın Hellenistik Dönem’den itibaren gelişmeye başladığını, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde ise varsıllaştığını göstermektedir. Çalışmamızda ele aldığımız, Denizli Müzesi’nde 170 envanter numarasıyla kayıtlı cornucopialı silindirik altar kentin Hellenistik Dönemi’yle ilişkili bir eser olmasının yanı sıra kentte tespit edilen ilk ve tek mermer altardır. Söz konusu altarın diğer bir özelliği gövdesinde karşımıza çıkan iki adet cornucopia kabartmasıdır. Cornucopia kabartmaları, Hellenistik Dönem’de Kos, Rhodos ve Kıyı Karia üretimi altarlarda sıklıkla kullanılmasına rağmen bezemenin daima altarın gövdesini saran girlandların ortasına yerleştirildiği bilinmektedir. Attouda altarına işlenen cornucopia kabartması, girlandlardan bağımsız bir şekilde gövde boşluğuna yerleştirildiğinden dolayı benzer örneği diğer altarlarda karşımıza çıkmayan ünik bir nitelik kazanmıştır. Ayrıca kentin az bilinen Hellenistik Dönemi’ne (MÖ 2. yüzyıl) ait nitelikli bir eser olması bakımından da önem taşımaktadır. Silindirik altarlar Hellenistik Dönem’de genellikle mezar yapılarıyla ilişkili kullanılmıştır. Ancak antik kentin sikkeleri üzerinde Apollon, Men Karou ve ağaç kültünde görülen silindirik altar betimlemeleri söz konusu altarın kentteki kültlerle ilişkili dini bir alanda kullanılmış olabileceğini de düşündürmektedir.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA MRT DAN BUS TRANSJAKARTA RUTE BLOK M – DUKUH ATAS 1
Authors: Ayawaila Marisa Clara Priskilla , Tambunan Efendy
Published: September 2022

Jaringan jalan di Jakarta, khususnya selama peak hour, padat tinggi sehingga terjadi kemacetan parah. Kemacetan lebih parah terjadi di Cental Business District, termasuk di Jalan Sudirman dan Thamrin. Untuk mengurangi kemacetan, Pemprov DKI Jakarta membangun infrastruktur transportasi untuk transportasi publik seperti Bus Transjakarta dan MRT berbasis rel di Koridor Blok M-Kota. Ketersediaan kedua jenis moda ini sangat membantu warga Jakarta untuk melakukan kegiatan bisnis di sepanjang Jalan Sudirman dan Thamrin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat kehandalan operasional Bus Transjakarta dan MRT dengan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif (Uji T-student). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat reliabilitas dari MRT Jakarta masih baik. Sedangkan tingkat reliabilitas dari Bus Transjakarta tidak dapat diandalkan dari segi ketepatan waktu dan kecepatannya.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEINGINAN PESEPEDA MENGGUNAKAN JALUR SEPEDA
Authors: Wangge Ferdi Reynalda , Tambunan Efendy , Agnes Sri Mulyani
Published: September 2022

Saat ini Indonesia dilanda pandemi virus Covid-19 sehingga  membuat masyarakat semakin sadar akan pentingnya pola hidup sehat, salah satunya dengan melakukan olahraga seperti bersepeda. Berdasarkan survey di lapangan  semakin banyak warga Jakarta bersepeda, baik secara pribadi maupun secara komunitas. Namun peningkatan pengguna sepeda di DKI Jakarta belum didukung oleh fasilitas untuk pengguna sepeda seperti kurangnya jalur sepeda dan tidak adanya parkir khusus yang memadai. Salah satu jalur sepeda yang sering dilalui di DKI Jakarta adalah jalur sepeda di Jalan Pemuda Jakarta Timur, jalur yang sering dilalui pesepeda karena jalur tersebut dekat dengan Jakarta In Velodrome yang merupakan tempat masyarakat Jakarta Timur berolahraga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keinginan pesepeda untuk menggunakan jalur sepeda di Jalan Pemuda Jakarta Timur. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil kuisioner yang didapatkan dengan cara membagikan kuisioner secara online menggunakan Google Form kepada masyarakat kota Jakarta Timur yang menggunakan sepeda. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metoda analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, ternyata terdapat 6 faktor yang  menambah keinginan untuk bersepeda di jalur sepeda, Jalan Pemuda, Jakarta Timur yaitu jalur sepeda mudah dijangkau, garis batas sudah masih bisa terlihat, jalur tidak disalahgunakan, tersedia traffic light yang baik, tersedia tempat parkir dan rambu larangan parkir untuk moda lain. Adapun mayoritas responden memilih bersepeda untuk berolahraga, dengan pengalaman bersepeda selama 1-5 tahun. Faktor yang paling menambah keinginan pesepeda melewati jalur sepeda di Jalan Pemuda Jakarta Timur adalah tersedianya traffic light yang baik di jalur sepeda, sebaliknya faktor yang paling sedikit menambah keinginan pesepeda melewati jalur tersebut adalah adanya rambu larangan parkir untuk moda lain pada jalur sepeda
DETECTION, TRACKING AND CLASSIFICATION OF ROGUE DRONES USING COMPUTER VISION
Authors:   ndian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Omkar Dr. SN , Asogekar Nikhil ,   Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India, Rathi Sudarshan ,   Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2022

The increase in the volume of UAVs has been rapid in the past few years. The utilization of drones has increased considerably in the military and commercial setups, with UAVs of all sizes, shapes, and types being used for various applications, from recreational flying to purpose-driven missions. This development has come with challenges and has been identified as a potential source of operational disruptions leading to various security complications, including threats to Critical Infrastructures (CI). Thus, the need for developing fully autonomous antiUAV Defense Systems (AUDS) hasn't been more imminent than today. To attenuate and nullify the threat posed by the UAVs, either deliberately or otherwise, this paper presents the holistic design and operational prototype of drone detection technology based on visual detection using Digital Image Processing (DIP) and Machine Learning (ML) to detect, track and classify drones accurately. The proposed system uses a background-subtracted frame difference technique for detecting moving objects partnered with a Pan-Tilt tracking system powered by Raspberry Pi to track the moving object. The identification of moving objects is made by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) system called the YOLO v4-tiny ML algorithm. The novelty of the proposed system lies in its accuracy, effectiveness with low-cost sensing equipment, and better performance compared to other alternatives. Along with ease of operations, combining the system with other systems like RADAR could be a real game-changer in detection technology. The experimental validation of the proposed technology was justified in various tests in an uncontrolled outdoor environment (in the presence of clouds, birds, trees, rain, etc.), proving to be equally effective in all the situations yielding high-quality results.
FLOWER HARVESTING ROBOT USING COMPUTER VISION
Authors:   Addis Ababa science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Teshome Hawi , chane Selamawit ,   Addis Ababa science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Merga Feben ,   Addis Ababa science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: September 2022

over the past decades, horticulture industry can be considered as one of the main contributors of the export sector in developing countries like Ethiopia. The horticulture industry deals with plants, mainly for food, beauty and decoration (flowers). This paper aims at providing a system that can improve outdated ways of harvesting methods. Those are mainly manual and laborious tasks which also took a lot of time. In this paper, a harvesting robot is designed and implemented using raspberry pi microcomputer to build a flower harvesting system that can identify, sort and arrange the flowers being harvested without human interaction. Here, a computer vision technology is applied to identify the types and states of the flowers. A convolution neural network image classifier is used along with deep learning networks. The harvesting activity of the machine is assisted by a 3 DOF robotic arm and additional cutting mechanism attached with cutter blade.
CFD MODELLING OF PRESSURE DROP ALONG AN INCLINED OIL-WATER FLOW SYSTEM
Authors:   Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, ChikaEgwunyenga Michael , Tahir Garba Sagir , TochukwuDibia Kevin ,   Nnamdi Azikiwe University
Published: September 2022

With the increasing need to ensure an optimized production in various processes, especially transportation in the oil and gas industry, the accurate understanding of the dynamics of multiphase flow and its effect on the pressure drop along a flow string is becoming pertinent. The achievement of efficient equipment design such as pumps, separators, flow lines and other production equipment depends on a good prediction of the pressure drop alongtheflowsystem. It is also crucial to understand how changes in fluid properties, flow conditions and pipe geometric properties affect pressure which is an important parameter that is often encountered in the oil and gas industry. Extensive works on oil-water flow mixture have been carried out by numerous investigators considering the horizontal and vertical orientations. Reliance on the empirical correlations and models developed by these investigators to model in pipeline design can be somewhat found wanting because of limitations imposed by the reality of hilly terrains encountered during transportation of oil-water mixture. In this work, experimental data from studies carried out by Hanafizadehet al. [1] was used as the data source. The pipe geometric properties, mixture velocity, oil and water properties and conditions from the above-mentioned studies were used as inputs to the ANSYS FLUENT software to develop a model for pressure drop along with an inclined oil-water flow system. Results obtained from the CFD modelling were in close agreement with the experimental result of Hanafizadehet al.
AIOPS FRAMEWORK FOR ALERTING PERFORMANCE ISSUES IN MICROSERVICES USING TIME SERIES FORECASTING
Authors:   Tata Consultancy Services, Singh Jaskirat , Shyamsundar Shobitha ,   Tata Consultancy Services
Published: September 2022

For large scale applications based on Microservices architecture and hosted on scalable platforms like Pivotal Cloud Foundry or OpenShift, it is imperative to monitor the performance of microservices on a continuous basis and trigger performance critical alerts upfront when abnormal patterns are observed in the immediate past. One of the critical application performance indicators is Major Garbage Collection (Major GC), an increase of which causes application performance bottlenecks and might indicate insufficient memory allocation to the JVM or a potential memory leak. In this paper, we discuss a solution built using machine learning Algorithms that forecasts Major GC cycles (Number of Major Garbage Collection) of business critical microservices for the near future time periods. This paper discusses various algorithms within python’s stats models. tsa package that were explored and details the concepts and results of forecast models trained using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, or SARIMA algorithm that was finally considered for forecasting based on model performance. The paper also elucidates the Forecast accuracy of the model, showing results of the forecast vs actual occurrences of Major Garbage collection. The objective of this solution based on AIOps framework is to enable development and production support teams get proactive notification when forecast Major GC patterns breach the set threshold limits, so that corrective action can be taken to improve the application performance by reducing frequency of Major GC cycles.
PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: NEED FOR REFORMS
Authors:   The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Vishwanatth Prof.Dr. Kannan
Published: September 2022

The agriculture sector is playing an important role in India. Agriculture has always been the backbone of the Indian economy. The significance of agriculture in India arises from the fact that the development in agriculture is an essential condition for the development of the national economy. To achieve this, the Government has been launching a number of plans and programmes all through after independence. But, the first major success came out in the form of the green revolution in the mid sixities. Green revolution has already proved that the achievement of productivity is technically feasible. Therefore, the paper attempts to examine the performance of Indian agriculture and livelihood impact on agricultural development in India. The paper finds clearly that the adoption of new economic policy is the main factor, which determines the productivity of agriculture in the Indian economy. However, it has to be supported by other important agricultural inputs like production, investment etc. However, the new technology that was successfully implemented in the case of major food grains, basically rice and wheat; need to be extended to other food grains and also to the non-food grain crops. Similarly, there is a need to extend the new technology in agriculture to the dry land farming systems also. However, we should be very cautious in over using the ecologically incompatible inputs like chemical fertilizers and pesticides