bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS METODE SPEED TEST DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA KAHOOT! PADA PEMBELAJARAN DIMENSI TIGA
Authors: Nasikhah Malikatun , Dewi Afni Nurvita , Yulanta Alfida Widya , Tasbihah Nofi , Rahmawati Fadhilah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode speed test dengan menggunakan media Kahoot! pada materi dimensi tiga. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis eksperimen semu. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas XII MIPA 4 SMA N 3 Cilacap sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XII MIPA 5 SMA N 3 Cilacap sebagai kelas kontrol. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari tes akhir dan data respon siswa. Instrumen utama penelitian yaitu tes/kuis melalui apikasi Kahoot! serta angket. Analisis data efektivitas media Kahoot! dengan statistika deskriptif kuantitatif, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji rerata dengan independent t test dikarenakan kedua sampel tidak saling berkolerasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen, rata-rata tes akhir kelas eksperimen lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol, berdasarkan angket yang telah disebar mayoritas siswa kurang menyetujui keefektifan aplikasi Kahoot! sebagai media kuis interaktif.
Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) and its Role in Liver Pathobiology
Authors: Martucci Nicole , Michalopoulos George K. , Mars Wendy M.
Published: January 2021

Integrin linked kinase (ILK) is a vital signaling protein ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. It binds to intracellular integrins to help promote signaling related to cell adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and a plethora of other common cellular functions. In this
review, ILKs role in the liver is detailed. Studies have shown ILK to be a major participant in hepatic ECM organization, liver regeneration, insulin resistance, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Life Skill of Adolescent During Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Suryani Ulfa , Yolanda Yola , Pramono Maulana Sidiq , Angraini Rita
Published: January 2021

Adolescence is a period of human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. Adolescents have a developmental task of achieving self-identity vs role confusion (doubt). The ability to achieve self-identity is carried out in a series of developmental tasks that must be completed by adolescents. The widespread spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia has an impact on all fields, especially in short-term and long-term psychosocial and mental health for children and adolescents. The purpose of conducting this counseling is to provide health education to adolescents on how to increase adolescent knowledge about life skills during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of counseling on life skills for adolescents during the Covid-19 period was held on Saturday, December 26, 2020 at 10.30 WIB to 11.30 WIB. The participants of the counseling were 10 teenagers who were accompanied by 2 supervisors. The methods used in the implementation of counseling are lectures, discussions and questions and answers. The counseling begins with an opening and a pre-test is carried out in approximately 10 minutes, the delivery of material in approximately 20 minutes, a question and answer session and closing and a post-test with approximately 10 minutes. From the results of the extension evaluation, it was found that the participants were enthusiastic about extension activities. Participants are also active in asking questions to extension agents about the material presented. From the evaluation of the results, it was found that 80% of the participants could repeat the material presented.
Ameloblastoma: A Common Benign Odontogenic Tumour with Multiple Manifestations
Authors: Satya Ranjan Misra
Published: January 2021

A myriad of odontogenic cysts and tumours both benign and malignant are seen in the maxilla and themandible. One of the most frequently encountered odontogenic tumour is ameloblastoma and has differentclinical and histologic variants which dictate the treatment plan. It has a properly documented inclinationtowards a local infiltration and tendency of recurrence. Ameloblastoma is a benign intraosseous odontogenicepithelial tumour which is locally invasive and locally destructive, non-functional, intermittent in growth,anatomically benign and clinically persistent. The tumour arises from the epithelial cell rest of malassez,from the walls of odontogenic cyst and from the basal cells.
Impacted Tooth: A Cause of Odontogenic Lesion in the Jawbones
Authors: Gayatri Potukuchi
Published: January 2021

The dentigerous cyst is the commonest developmental odontogenic cyst encountered in the jawbonesaccounting for about one-fourth of all reported cases. As with other cysts, they present as asymptomaticlesions that are either detected on routine radiographs or when they cause swelling leading to facialasymmetry. Since the cyst is associated with an impacted tooth, the common teeth involved are impactedmandibular third molars or maxillary canines. This paper isan overview of the impacted tooth, which can bea cause of odontogenic lesion in the jawbones
Cryotherapy: An Alternative to Surgical Adjunct
Authors: Sushmita Paul
Published: January 2021

The application of low controlled temperatures had advanced in recent years in many branches of surgery.Cryotherapy has opted as an option to destroy cancerous cells in mostly the head and neck region. In manycutaneous conditions, it has been productively used. It is a therapeutical process in which tissue inflammatoryand destructive response is done by freezing. Hence, it deliberately destroys tissue by using severe cold.Mouth is reasonably accessible due to oral mucosa’s moist surface that is well suitable for the application ofcryoprobe. We will discuss how cryotherapy can be used instead of surgical procedures.
Recent Advancements in Pediatric Dental Caries Prevention
Authors: Lipsa Behera
Published: January 2021

In childhood dental caries is commonly affecting diseases. According to the World Health Organization60% to 90% of school children and adults are affected by this disease. It is a disease that can be preventedand if diagnosed in early-stage tooth decay can be stopped by applying various preventive materials. Theprimary prevention of dental caries mainly focused on young children. Fluoride has been widely used as apreventive measure against caries development. Fluoride is found in topical and systemic form, the topicalform is good, has a high life span. Recent advancements suggest that asymptomatic regimen of caries lesionhas the inherent of re-mineralization. In the field of dentistry, nanotechnology has been introduced which hasdeveloped substances ranging from 100nm or smaller in size. Nanotechnology replicates the natural dentalenamel by the process of bio-mineralization. Leading an integral part of bone and teeth is the hydroxyapatite.Since, nano-hydroxyapatite can provide preventive and therapeutic loom to caries in children worldwide,therefore various researches are performed to improve its capacity in clinics.
Sistema de monitoreo en tiempo real de pH basado en tecnología ZigBee para granjas de camarones, caso de estudio: San Felipe B.C.
Authors: Rodríguez Ávila German , Ayala Figueroa Rafael Iván , Quintero Rosas Veronica , Amaro Ortega Vidblain , Camarillo Ramos Mario Alberto , Ponce Millanes Marisela
Published: January 2021

Se presenta una solución en el monitoreo de las condiciones del pH del agua para reducir la mano de obra y la mortalidad en los cultivos de camaroneros en el puerto de San Felipe B.C. Se utilizó una red de sensores inalámbricos basada en ZigBee para monitorear las condiciones críticas y todos los procesos de control donde realizaron con la ayuda de una serie de microcontroladores PIC16F886 incluyendo código en C en tiempo real. Este sistema es capaz de recopilar y presentar datos en una interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI) local. También permite al usuario obtener información actualizada del sensor de pH vía web y en una aplicación móvil basada en Android, a través de la conectividad a Internet o en cualquier momento mediante alertas que recibe el usuario al correo electrónico. De este modo, el sistema minimiza los efectos negativos que causa el cambio repentino del valor del pH del agua en los camarones, reduce la mano de obra de las granjas. Debido a eso, el sistema propuesto ahorra el costo de contratar mano de obra y el uso de electricidad. El diseño es de bajo costo que funcionara mejor para las operaciones en la acuicultura de tamaño pequeño a mediano, ya que no requiere ninguna modificación en lo absoluto del estanque.
Digitalization of the social services system in Ukraine
Authors: Yehorova-Lutsenko Tetiana
Published: January 2021

Problem setting. The rapid development of public relations determines the use of information technology in all spheres of life, including in the field of public administration. There is no doubt about the need to introduce elements of e-government into everyday life, as it improves the lives of ordinary citizens, increases trust in public authorities and local governments, reduces the time spent on businesses and individuals needed to receive services. Analysis of recent research. The issue of providing digital social services was paid attention to by, V.P Kohan, M.M. Petrova, N.M. Terletska, D.I. Rusnak, V.L. Polar, V.V. Ripples. The formation of an appropriate mechanism for the digital provision of social administrative services in Ukraine remains unresolved. Target of research. The article is to define the tasks for the formation of the administrative and legal mechanism and the use of digitalization in the provision of social administrative services. Article’s main body. New online services are being introduced on the territory of Ukraine, which enable consumers to receive it remotely. In our opinion, in the future, these services should simplify the procedure for accessing them, given the subjects who are primarily interested in using them, and expand the scope of their provision: from informing the consumer to receiving the result. But these tasks can be accomplished only with the proper financial and material support of local governments, including the poorest financially united territorial communities. In addition, local governments should be required to retain technical specialists and consultants who will provide software and hardware for the provision of administrative social services and eliminate the inability of certain segments of the population to use high-tech digital services. These tasks should be attributed to those that require constant monitoring of their implementation and improvement of their mechanism. Features of the regime of social services are that: 1) their list is not defined by law, so it is more determined by the subjects – recipients of services; 2) socialization of services involves the organization of simplified access of citizens to administrative services; 3) the mechanism for providing accessible social services must ensure the protection of personal data of service recipients. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The unification of types of social administrative services and mechanisms of their provision with similar services provided in the countries of the European Union may be key to Ukraine’s progress towards a single digital space with the European Union.
Principles of application sanitary and phytosanitary measures: WTO and EU requirements
Authors: Karpinska Nataliia
Published: January 2021

Problem setting. The study highlights the basic principles that reflect the basic principles of regulating the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures under WTO law through the prism of EU requirements: the principles of independence, non-discrimination, scientific validity, national treatment, most-favored-nation treatment, transparency, harmonization.

Target of research. The main target of this research is to analyze the principles that reflect the basic principles of regulating the application of SPS under WTO law: the principles of independence, non-discrimination, scientific validity, national treatment, most-favored-nation treatment, transparency, harmonization and their extrapolation into EU law.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. The following scientists were engaged in research of issues: V. Nosik, A. Stativka, A. Dukhnevych, H. Grigorieva, G. Mamyshov, S. Komendantov, N. Chuiko, T. Gulyaeva, M. Popov, A. Popova and others.

Article`s main body. Considering that the legal principles of application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which are provided by WTO law, are binding on Ukraine and the EU, and they are based on domestic and European legislation in this area, as well as noting that their direction and content these principles are heterogeneous, they are divided into two groups: the principle of independence (the principle of sovereignty) and anti-protectionist principle. The principles of the second group are aimed at a single goal – to restrict the sovereign freedom of the state to decide on sanitary and phytosanitary measures in its territory or sanitary and phytosanitary measures on products that enter (import) into its territory. In the system of anti-protectionist principles of WTO law, the basic component (principle of non-discrimination), regime component (principles of national regime and most-favored-nation regime), information component (principle of transparency) and substantive component (principles of scientific substantiation and harmonization) are singled out. Developed and politically strong countries, taking into account their own economic, social, environmental and other risks, choose different strategies to protect their own interests, among which the most popular is the strategy of increasing the requirements for sanitary and phytosanitary measures on the basis of scientifically sound data.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. The legal principles of application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which are provided by WTO law, are binding on Ukraine and the EU, and are based on domestic and European legislation in this area. The conclusion that the most popular are: the strategy of increasing the requirements for sanitary and phytosanitary measures on the basis of scientifically based data and the politically sound decision to ignore some requirements and anti-protectionist principles is substantiated.
Оцінки добутків внутрішніх радіусів багатозв’язних областей
Authors: Bakhtin A. K. , Zabolotnii Ya. V.
Published: January 2021

УДК 517.54
Розглядається відома проблема геометричної теорії функційпро екстремальне розбиття комплексної площини, і в даній проблемі отримано оцінки максимуму добутку внутрішніх радіусів довільних взаємно неперетинних областей відносно довільних точок комплексної площини, одна з яких може бути нескінченно віддаленою.Точні розв'язки цієї проблеми на даний момент відомі тільки для випадків В даній роботі знайдено оцінки, які можуть бути застосовані в різних екстремальних задачах геометричної теоріїфункцій.
Research on Obstacle Detection Method of Urban Rail Transit Based on Multisensor Technology
Authors: Xiao Tianwen , Xu Yongneng , Yu Huimin
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development of urban rail transit, passenger traffic is increasing, and obstacle violations are more frequent, and the safety of train operation under high-density traffic conditions is becoming more and more thought-provoking. In order to monitor the train operating environment in real time, this paper first adopts multi-sensing technology based on machine vision and lidar, which is used to collect video images and ranging data of the track area in real time, and then it performs image preprocessing and division of regions of interest on the collected video. Then, the obstacles in the region of interest are detected to obtain the geometric characteristics and position information of the obstacles. Finally, according to the danger level of the obstacles, determine the degree of impact on train operation , the automatic response mode and manual response mode of the signal system are used to transmit the detection results to the corresponding train to control train operation. Through simulation analysis and experimental verification, the detection accuracy and control performance of the detection method are confirmed, which provides safety guarantee for the train operation.
A Review of Color Matching in Dentistry
Authors: KÖROĞLU Ayşegül , MAKHLOOTA Moataz , TURHAN BAL Bilge
Published: January 2021

The success of dental treatment is evaluated according to functional and esthetic results. The esthetics of prostheses considered one of the most important parameters of treatment that the patient is interested in. Color matching is an essential procedure to obtain an esthetic prosthesis. Color matching is influenced by several factors, and if not performed properly, it can have unsatisfactory results for both the clinician and the patient. This review discusses color science, factors associated with color perception, and color matching techniques.
Poetry in the Oxford English Dictionary: A Quantitative Profile
Authors: Williams David-Antoine
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyses the background data of various editions of the Oxford English Dictionary in order to give a quantitative profile of the contribution of English poetry to the composition of the OED. In so doing, I attempt to disentangle as best as possible the three forces that shaped this relationship: the development of the English language, English textual production and its culture(s), and the practice of Oxford’s lexicographers.
‘All Things are Words of Some Strange Tongue’: Dictionary Definition Form in Contemporary American Poetry
Authors: Potts Kate
Published: January 2021

Through close analysis of dictionary definition form in the poetry of Robert Pinsky, Mary Kinzie, and Solmaz Sharif, and with reference to Mikhail Bakhtin’s The Dialogic Imagination (1975), this chapter explores the ways in which the dictionary definition poem celebrates and also questions the dictionary’s authority through the dialogic juxtaposition of different forms, registers, and discourses. The analyses problematise binary distinctions between poem as sound-focused, subjective, and individually constructed, and dictionary definition as textual, objective, and communally constructed. Both the dictionary definition and the poem share an association with word as artefact, with cultural memory and history, preservation and loss. This chapter demonstrates how, by encouraging the reader to ‘dwell in possibility’, the dictionary definition poem offers a fertile space for the discussion and reconfiguration of cultural meaning.
Measure, Immeasurability
Authors: Glissant Édouard
Published: January 2021

This chapter starts with a poem entitled ‘Infinitive of time’ which evokes and promotes the process whereby filiation and legitimacy are giving way to the multiplicities of time. It ends with another, far more obscure poem: ‘Ode to Stone and to Carthage’. In between Glissant returns to the familiar themes of creolization, preserving minority languages, and the move from narrative to poetry. He expands on a distinction he has already used between essentialist ‘Being’ and non-essentialist ‘being’. One section consists of outlining a collective ecological project to make Martinique into an ’organic’ island.
Introduction: Searching for Japan
Authors: Monserrati Michele
Published: January 2021

The introduction explains the books’ methodological foundation in transnational theory. It defines key-terms such as “Transnationalism,” “relational Orientalism,” “coeval exoticism” and “cosmopolitan aspirations.” It provides an historical outline of the relations between Italy and Japan before and after the watershed period of the Meiji era (1866) and the Italian unification (1861). This historical section suggests that Italian fascination with Japan largely depended on the fact that Japan shared with Italy the condition of being a ‘latecomer’ in the world stage. The introduction also offers a summary of each chapter and explains the advantage of using travel narratives as source to uncover unstable conceptions of ‘nation’ and ‘identity.’
Cosmopolitan Possibilities in Translation: Views from the Russo-Japanese War
Authors: Monserrati Michele
Published: January 2021

Chapter 1 considers three texts revolving around the events of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, first examining the diary/novel of Italian-born Daniele Pecorini, who travelled in Korea and Japan as British Commissioner of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service, before turning to a compilation of Luigi Barzini Sr.’s dispatches from Manchuria and Tokyo written for Corriere della Sera, Italy’s premier newspaper. Finally, a third section of this chapter delves into the travel account by the “Baronessa di Villaurea,” who visited Japan after the end of the hostilities. The reading of the baronessa’s travelogue introduces the perspective of gender and social class to the chapter.
Little Italy, Big Japan: Patterns of Continuity and Displacement among Italian Writers in Japan
Authors: Monserrati Michele
Published: January 2021

Chapter 3 fast forwards to the post-war years and the period of reconstruction, which featured rapid economic growth in both Italy and Japan. The chapter considers the writings of Fosco Maraini, Goffredo Parise, Alberto Moravia and Italo Calvino through the ideological framework of continuity and change that was widely debated in Japan at the time of its rapid modernization. The chapter main argument is that the perceived Japanese model of societal evolution, based on a relation of continuity with the country’s past and tradition, played a central role in the writing of Italians traveling to Japan in this period by virtue of generating a contrast with the Italian model of evolution, which was predicated upon rupture and displacement. The conclusion of the chapter advances the hypothesis of a neo-exotic wave of interest toward Japan, predicated upon post-Marxist intellectuals’ quest for areas of the world that (unlike Europe) had not yet fallen under the ideological and cultural dominion of the Cold War’s bipolar order.
Performing Spanishness
Authors: Hooper Kirsty
Published: January 2021

Investigates the way that Spain, Spanish culture and Spanish identity were represented on British stages, concert halls and other public and private spaces. Considers the figure of the Spanish dancer as an avatar for the simultaneous decline and persistence of French-mediated Romantic stereotypes in the British imagination. Explores the opportunities for British people to ‘embody’ Spanishness, through performance, fancy dress, and the role of music hall parodies in domesticating Spanish otherness.
Introduction
Authors: Jones Kathryn N. , Tully Carol , Williams Heather
Published: January 2021

The growth in the popularity of Wales as travel destination in the late eighteenth century is sketched, while the relative ‘invisibility’ of Wales in travel writing as well as in scholarship is noted. ‘Europe’ is presented as a fluid entity, and the ‘nationalities’ of the travellers discussed is problematized (e.g. a number of the French travellers studied identify as Breton, and the notion of ‘Germany’ encompasses numerous states and political alliances over time). Since Wales’s ‘Celticness’ is a major theme for travellers throughout the periods under discussion, the changing uses of the term ‘Celtic’ (and its derivatives) are explored. Wales is positioned as a case study or an exemplar of a particular type of relationship between peripheral and hegemonic culture(s), through a discussion of general theoretical issues surrounding the ethics of travel, the contact zone and the notion of the travellee. This draws on work by Cronin on minorities, Forsdick on ethics, Pratt on the contact zone and travellees, and Urbain on endotic/exotic travel.
Periphery, Modernity and the Discovery of Wales in Travel Writing in German from 1790 to 1850
Authors: Jones Kathryn N. , Tully Carol , Williams Heather
Published: January 2021

This was a period of discovery, with many German-speaking travellers exploring the notion of Wales from a position of ignorance. Consequently, Wales is framed as a peripheral ‘other’ throughout, but nevertheless gradually establishes a presence in the German understanding of the British Isles. This is underpinned by a deeply conflicted reading. Some writers focus on an exoticized, Romanticized Wales which is also seen to be colonized and threatened by its dominant neighbour. Other works highlight the impact, but also the desirability of encroaching modernity in the shape of industry and tourism. Most of these travellers are drawn by sublime landscapes and ancient ruins, as well as developments in mining and infrastructure. Writers adopt different prisms through which to observe Wales but as time goes on, these begin to merge as the beginnings of a recognisable tourist trail develop. Central throughout, however, is an ongoing critique of the English domination of Wales, often described explicitly in colonial terms. This serves to undermine the image of England (as a cipher for Great Britain) as a paradigmatic locus of progressive ideals for the German-speaking lands in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars and on the brink of industrial revolution.
Conclusion
Authors: Jones Kathryn N. , Tully Carol , Williams Heather
Published: January 2021

The concluding chapter draws together the book’s key themes, focusing on the various prisms – Celtic, Breton, English, sublime, Romantic, industrial, modern, touristic, colonial – through which Wales has been viewed. These distorting prisms are shown always to reflect the home culture, whether it be France’s need to reconnect with her Celtic ancestry following the trauma of Revolution, or the German-speaking lands’ anxieties about their own slow democratic and industrial advance. The importance of Wales as a haven constitutes a significant trope in Continental travel writing from the French Revolution and 1848, to the First World War, which brought thousands of Belgians to Wales, the Spanish civil war, and Nazi-occupied Europe. Over the centuries Wales is discovered, lost and rediscovered, shifting in and out of view, from blind spot to blank canvas. It is only really in the twentieth century that Wales is treated on its own terms in travel writing, beginning with the French narratives of the 1904-05 religious revival. The book ends by stressing the value of travel writing and multilingual research as a means to interrogate centre-periphery and, importantly periphery-periphery relations.
The tragic dead: The witless and/or the aware
Authors: Martin Bridget
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the complex presentation of the tragic dead as both witless and aware in order to establish that the tragic dead have sufficient awareness (or the potential to gain this awareness) for interaction with the world of the living to be possible, and thus to make viable harmful interaction between the living and the dead. The chapter presents a sliding scale of awareness for the dead, beginning in total oblivion and extending to the physical manifestation of the dead on stage, passing through egocentric awareness, family reunion, social stratification, rewards and punishment, and access to prophetic knowledge. It is argued that the tragic dead are not static in the extent of their awareness; rather, depending on their role and importance within the tragedy, and the emotions and viewpoint of the living, they can move up and down the scale of awareness.
The dead harming the living: Autonomy and agents
Authors: Martin Bridget
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers the extent to which the tragic dead are capable of harming the living by examining both the autonomous actions of the dead and the agentive relationships they form with the gods, the Erinyes and the living in pursuit of revenge in the world of the living. This chapter is constructed around case studies, the two most important being the agentive relationships between dead Agamemnon and his son Orestes in Aeschylus’ Choephori, and between dead Achilles and the Greek army in Euripides’ Hecuba. This chapter emphasises the active role of the dead in the pursuit of revenge and their ultimate inability to enact such revenge autonomously or to retain control over its unfolding in cases of agentive action.
Disability and the Posthuman
Authors: Murray Stuart
Published: January 2021

Disability and the Posthuman is the first study to analyse cultural representations and deployments of disability as they interact with posthumanist theories of technology and embodiment. Working across a wide range of texts, many new to critical enquiry, in contemporary writing, film and cultural practice from North America, Europe, the Middle East and Japan, it covers a diverse range of topics, including: contemporary cultural theory and aesthetics; design, engineering and gender; the visualisation of prosthetic technologies in the representation of war and conflict; and depictions of work, time and sleep. While noting the potential limitations of posthumanist assessments of the technologized body, the study argues that there are exciting, productive possibilities and subversive potentials in the dialogue between disability and posthumanism as they generate dissident crossings of cultural spaces. Such intersections cover both fictional/imagined and material/grounded examples of disability and look to a future in which the development of technology and complex embodiment of disability presence align to produce sustainable yet radical creative and critical voices.
Visualising and Re-Membering Disability Body Politics in Filmic Representations of the ‘War on Terror’
Authors: Murray Stuart
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses specifically on film and visualising depictions of the connections between disability and posthumanism as they are manifest in a set of contemporary narratives about war and conflict. I use a broad conception of prosthetics to read these intersections, claiming that their articulations of embodiment are disability stories even as they appear to be narratives of hyperability, scientific strength and male authority. The chapter juxtaposes a series of Hollywood features exploring the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan with films made in Iraq and Iran that narrate the conflict from alternative points of view, ones that often lack the kinds of sophisticated technology that so marks American storytelling. In each, the power of the visual, of seeing disabled bodies, is paramount. Seeing the weaponized soldier, as well as the disabilities such technologies produce through the disasters they create, creates a powerful identification that reaches across many aspects of contemporary life, from media images of refugees to stories of disabled veterans. The chapter claims that fiction film, again often full of the messy contradictions that define the meeting of disability and posthumanism, offers opportunities to unpick the terms of this power and the reach of its meanings.
Science Fiction and Climate Change
Authors: Milner Andrew , Burgmann J.R.
Published: January 2021

Despite the occasional upsurge of climate change scepticism among Anglophone conservative politicians and journalists, there is still a near consensus among climate scientists that current levels of atmospheric greenhouse gas are sufficient to alter global weather patterns to disastrous effect. The resultant climate crisis is simultaneously both a natural and a socio-cultural phenomenon and in this book Milner and Burgmann argue that science fiction occupies a critical location within this nature/culture nexus. Science Fiction and Climate Change takes as its subject matter what Daniel Bloom famously dubbed ‘cli-fi’. It does not, however, attempt to impose a prescriptively environmentalist aesthetic on this sub-genre. Rather, it seeks to explain how a genre defined in relation to science finds itself obliged to produce fictional responses to the problems actually thrown up by contemporary scientific research. Milner and Burgmann adopt a historically and geographically comparatist framework, analysing print and audio-visual texts drawn from a number of different contexts, especially Australia, Britain, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Japan and the United States. Inspired by Raymond Williams’s cultural materialism, Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of culture and Franco Moretti’s version of world systems theory, the book builds on Milner’s own Locating Science Fiction to produce a powerfully persuasive study in the sociology of literature.
Climate Fiction and the World Literary System
Authors: Milner Andrew , Burgmann J.R.
Published: January 2021

The chapter opens with a discussion of two early instances of global warming cli-fi, Arthur Herzog’s Heat and George Turner’s The Sea and Summer, and argues that both are more or less oblivious to the wider world beyond their respective national frontiers. It proceeds to elaborate an account of the place of SF in the world literary system, understood in Wallerstein and Moretti’s terms as comprising a core, semi-periphery and periphery. This model is then applied more specifically to cli-fi, distinguishing between structural and conjunctural determinants of the evolution of the sub-genre. The main structural determinant, it argues, will be the world SF system. But this may be either countered or reinforced by one or more of three main conjunctural factors: the degree of perceived vulnerability to extreme climate change of any particular national political economy; the salience of Green politics within any particular national polity; and the salience of climate change within broader environmentalist discussions in any particular national culture. The chapter concludes with critical accounts of Kim Stanley Robinson’s Science in the Capital trilogy, Frank Schätzing’s Der Schwarm, Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy and Antti Tuomainen’s Parantaja.
The Classical Dystopia in Climate Fiction
Authors: Milner Andrew , Burgmann J.R.
Published: January 2021

The chapter opens with a discussion of the distinction between ‘classical’ and ‘critical’ dystopias, as developed by Tom Moylan, Raffaella Baccolini and Lyman Tower Sargent. It then proceeds to an account of classical cli-fi dystopias that exhibit, by turn, each of five ideal-typical responses to climate change: denial, mitigation, negative adaptation, positive adaptation, and Gaian deep ecological anti-humanism. The texts analysed include Liu Cixin’s 地球往事‎/ Remembrance of Earth’s Past trilogy, Arthur Herzog’s Heat, Michel Houellebecq’s La Possibilité d’une île, Will Self’s The Book of Dave, Bernard Besson’s Groenland, Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Water Knife, Maggie Gee’s The Ice People and Jean-Marc Ligny’s Exodes and Semences. The Chapter concludes by explaining that the sixth substantive responsive to climate change, fatalism, presents peculiar problems for the kinds of fiction overwhelmingly intended as warning and postponing its discussion until a later chapter.
The Shape of a Hero’s Soul
Authors: Palmer-Patel C.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the nature of prophecy, fate, and the ‘destined hero’ in Lois McMaster Bujold’s The Curse of Chalion and Paladin of Souls. These motifs, dominant in modern heroic epic fantasy, imply that if a hero lives according to their destiny, they are incapable of acting of their own free will. The chapter explores how the hero and heroine of the two novels, Cazaril and Ista, make choices when faced with prophecy and destiny, and this allows Bujold to combine the paradox of fate and free will in such a way as to create a narrative with open possibilities and interpretations. In both novels, the chapter argues, Cazaril and Ista can only fulfil destiny by asserting their free will.
Pain Made Holy
Authors: Woiak Joanne
Published: January 2021

Through an examination of the experiences of Castillar Lupe dy Cazaril, protagonist of Lois McMaster Bujold’s The Curse of Chalion, this chapter argues that the novel mirrors academic and advocacy agendas on the topics of passing, sexuality, and care, while ultimately relating to emerging perspectives from queer disability studies critiques of normalcy. The chapter engages with The Curse of Chalion as a text that illustrates and contributes to theoretical and activist work on disability in relation to vulnerability and cure, through the multiple meanings of Cazaril’s ‘holy pain’. The chapter shows how, in its overarching concern with embodiment through Cazaril’s physical suffering, fatigue, chronic illness, and rehabilitation, Bujold’s speculative narrative aligns with recent disability studies and disability justice frameworks that hold space for multiple, nuanced perspectives on these issues, inviting examination of the connections between the bodily and social dimensions of disability.
Womb with a View
Authors: Wolfe Ally
Published: January 2021

This chapter conducts a close reading of Lois McMaster Bujold’s ‘problem’ novel Ethan of Athos, in which an all-male world, Athos, is posited, reliant for reproduction on the ‘uterine replicator’ or artificial womb. Close reading demonstrates how the novel proves more complex than initial readings might suggest in its careful working-through of the ramifications of the uterine replicator for parenting, motherhood, and the duty of care towards the young. The chapter argues how the existence of Athos with the wider Vorkosigan series is significant, part of an ongoing and series-wide project by Bujold to demonstrate the range of possible futures that the uterine replicator might permit. At various points, Ethan of Athos is brought into conversation with Huxley’s Brave New World to contrast Bujold and Huxley’s visions of reproductive futurities. The chapter shows how Bujold’s saga-length project of creating a diverse science-fictional heterotopia involves a thorough working-through of the ramifications of the uterine replicator, of detaching reproduction from a gestational body, in which Ethan of Athos plays a necessary part.
Conclusion
Authors: Withers Jeremy
Published: January 2021

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
A Star Trek About Being Star Trek
Authors: Kathke Torsten
Published: January 2021

At the height of the Cold War, the original Star Trek series provided viewers with a utopian, racially inclusive, and altogether progressive alternative to the present standoff among superpowers. Yet, at the same time, it was caught within the Cold War world system. Star Trek may have interrogated U.S. policy in the Cold War, frequently posing the question what its heroic protagonists were supposed to do when given morally tenuous options, but it never questioned that the crew the show portrayed in fact was heroic and good. After the original run, Star Trek remained a narrative corollary to popular imaginaries of history. Trends, fads, and new focus points in historiography frequently cropped up in its later iterations. This chapter argues that Discovery however operates on an added meta level that is not found in any of the other editions of the franchise. It is not just political in the sense that it takes stances in its narratives and challenges viewers’ preconceptions regarding current political issues. It also pointedly reasserts Star Trek’s own role as a cultural force that can, and wants to be, part of such a discourse.
These are the Voyages?
Authors: Robinson Michael G.
Published: January 2021

The main thing noticeably absent from Star Trek’s half-century anniversary was a network television series. By 2016, the primary output of the Trek franchise was a set of commercially successful feature films that had retconned a substantial portion of the early series history and consequently left later spin-off television series adrift in continuity limbo. One year later, or perhaps one year too late, three programs emerged to take up the mantle of Trek: Star Trek: Discovery (2017-), The Orville (2017-present) and the “U.S.S Callister” episode of Black Mirror (2017). This chapter investigates how these series make a claim to and justify deviations from, a familiar science fiction formula legendary for diverse themes and progressive ideologies with particular attention invocation of Gene Roddenberry’s vision for Star Trek.
‘Into A Mirror Darkly’
Authors: Rauscher Judith
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues that contemporary representations of border crossing on screen engage with a specifically 21st-century U.S. manifestation of what Lora Wildenthal in following Valerie Amos and Pratibha Parmar calls “imperial feminism.” It examines how the most recent product of the Star Trek franchise, the TV series Star Trek: Discovery (2017–ongoing), interrogates the legacies of U.S. imperialism and, less overtly so, of U.S. imperial feminism. The analysis focuses on the geographical as well as the metaphorical border crossings that occur in the series when the crew of the Federation starship Discovery jumps to an alternative universe which is dominated by the fascist Terran Empire. It argues that Star Trek: Discovery can be read as a feminist text that exposes the limits of two very different kinds of post-sexist futures: one, the Mirror Universe, in which the empowerment of women depends on openly imperialist and racist ideologies and another, the Prime Universe, in which these ideologies threaten to make a comeback in the context of violent conflict. By contrasting these two possible futures and by connecting them through instances of border crossing, Star Trek: Discovery not only speaks to issues of intersectional feminist critique, it also responds to the political, social, and cultural changes in the United States leading up to and associated with the Trump administration.
‘I Never Met a Female Michael Before’
Authors: Whybrew Si Sophie Pages
Published: January 2021

Although transgender individuals have been absent from Star Trek since its 1966 debut, this absence has conspicuously haunted the franchise in the form of illusions, allegories, metaphors, alien species, and various other metonymic mirages. Unsurprisingly, the franchise’s latest iteration, Star Trek: Discovery, is no exception. This chapter argues that despite depicting a seemingly cisgender universe, the show, like its predecessors and reviewers, does not seem to be able to escape this significant absence of trans characters and the associated cisgender anxiety. It examines the affective dimensions of the show’s and its reviewer’s struggle to come to terms with its nascent trans potentiality. Moreover, it explores the potential ramifications of these allusions to aspects of trans experience from a trans studies perspective.
Vibrant Art on the Grand Tour in Anna Jameson’s Diary of an Ennuyée
Authors: Gallagher Holly
Published: January 2021

Anna Jameson’s Diary of an Ennuyée, first published in 1826, follows an unnamed narrator, a dispirited female traveller, who moves through the locales of France and Italy, surveying the objects of the Grand Tour. In the reflective space of her diary, the ennuyée begins to synthesize this material world she moves in, to understand herself as part of that world of objects, and to challenge the art viewers and artists who instead perceive materiality from a distance. Following Jane Bennett’s proposition of the ‘active, earthy, not-quite-human capaciousness’ of matter, this essay argues that the diarist recognizes and contemplates the unexpected vibrancy of the materials that she encounters. The narrator demonstrates that art writing should be more than an absolute formal assessment of quality; instead, she shows how artifacts reveal their capacity to unsettle human viewers in unexpected ways and to shape networks composed of things from diverse spaces and times.
Revolutionary Objects in Elizabeth Inchbald’s Nature and Art
Authors: Lounibos Mark
Published: January 2021

Following a feminist/materialist concept of “choratic reading,” this chapter argues that Elizabeth Inchbald's English Jacobin novel Nature and Art highlights environmental agency in the context of political and social injustice. Inchbald’s use of chiasmic irony further reveals how the disavowal of non-human agency acts as the very condition for exploitation of both non-human and human actors, particularly the unpaid menial, reproductive and nutritive work of women in late-eighteenth-century England. In this sense, there is nothing more “environmental” than the laboring, gendered, and exploited female body. This chapter suggests that future study of Inchbald focus on the networks of human and non-human agents in her work and how these networks gesture towards a radical political ecology.
John Barnet and the Materiality of Desire in James Hogg’s Justified Sinner
Authors: Sigler David
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines a neglected scene in James Hogg’s novel The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, in which the church groundskeeper John Barnet is fired for insubordination. Barnet, like an earlier version of Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” makes innuendoes about his employer’s sexual history and refuses to deny spreading rumors about the paternity of the boss’s son. The ensuing confrontation becomes an allegory of labour relations and a parable about the materiality of desire. The chapter analyzes Barnet’s innuendo through the psychoanalytic theories of Jacques Lacan, who similarly saw desire as having a certain materiality.
Introduction
Authors: Hunnekuhl Philipp
Published: January 2021

The introduction elaborates the key claim of the book, namely that Robinson was the most pioneering comparative critic in England during the early Romantic period. He developed a revolutionary theory of literature’s cross-cultural ethical relevance from his unrivalled understanding of Kantian and post-Kantian thought, the Anglo-French philosophical tradition, as well as his broad reading across English, German, and French literature, primarily. Robinson’s prescient 1802 critique of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads as generating non-didactic moral discourse emerges as the exemplary manifestation of his critical approach, according to which a poet’s aspiration to artistic disinterestedness, though never to be fulfilled entirely, may function as a catalyst for moral disinterestedness. The introduction further places this claim in its historical and present-day contexts – from Hazlitt, Schiller, and the Schlegels’ critical schools to Walter Benjamin’s dissertation on German Romantic criticism to the present ‘ethical turn’ in literary studies – before parcelling it out by means of chapter synopses. It also clarifies the terminology that Robinson applied, for instance ‘literator’ for his career choice of cross-cultural literary critic and disseminator – or comparatist, in today’s terms.
The Godwinian Critic
Authors: Hunnekuhl Philipp
Published: January 2021

Chapter two discloses how Robinson’s in-depth study of William Godwin’s Political Justice prompted his first theory of literature, published in a mid-1795 article in Benjamin Flower’s radical Cambridge Intelligencer. According to this theory, Godwin’s necessitarian philosophy had succeeded in situating truth in the moral concerns that a poet raises. Where an author’s imagination proves compatible with the laws of necessity, literature may exert a direct didactic influence on the motives governing the mind, and thus promote disinterested benevolence. Godwinism qua ‘New Philosophy of Love’, it emerges further from Robinson’s hitherto unknown draft article ‘on novels’ (1798) that he intended for John Aikin’s radical Monthly Magazine but never submitted, pervades Robinson’s formal and informal literary criticism prior to his turn to Kant. Robinson’s Godwinian criticism already comprised comparative elements, discussing, for instance, novels by Godwin himself, Thomas Holcroft, Ann Radcliffe, Jonathan Swift, Voltaire, and Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, among many more.