bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular biological and advances in materials
Authors:   Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia, Jebahi S , Farhat L ,   Service of Medical Oncology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie, Sfax, Tunisia, Oudadesse H ,   University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France, Rebai T ,   Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia, A El Feki ,   Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia, Doued Jamel ,   Service of Medical Oncology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie, Sfax, Tunisia, Keskes Hassib ,   Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
Published: May 2022

The past twenty years have witnessed a revolution in biomedical research, with the advent and rapid expansion of cell and molecular biology. These Advances have been applied to the biomaterials field. This paper aims to review the progress in biomaterials and the several therapeutic strategies in order to examine biomaterial interactions at the cellular and the wider host level. The performance of any materials as carriers of different types of drugs, such as antibiotics, as well as growth factors with the express intention of delivering some biologically or pharmacologically active agent is also reviewed. The current status of how protein, cell and gene therapy used to modify the properties of the biomaterial to advance the art of tissue engineering is also updated. Moreover, the favorable properties of nanotechnology exploited in biomedical applications were widely focused on. In our opinion, these advances represent some of the few examples in which the progress of molecular biology has a good chance of early clinical success.
An insight to self emulsifying drug delivery systems, their applications and importance in novel drug delivery
Authors:   School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, GB Nagar, U.P. 203201, India, Yadav Sachin Kumar , Parvez Nayyar ,   School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, GB Nagar, U.P. 203201, India, Sharma Pramod Kumar ,   School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, GB Nagar, U.P. 203201, India
Published: May 2022

Since last couple of years Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems are becoming important tool in novel drug delivery. It is very useful in solving problems such as low bioavailability issues associated with poorly water soluble drugs. The bioavailability of lipophilic drugs (BCS-II and IV) can be enhanced by these systems. SEDDS is released in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) after administration and with the aid of GI fluid a fine emulsion (micro-/nanoemulsion) is formed. The increased surface area and amphoteric nature of SEDDS lead to increase in bioavailability. The hepatic first-pass effect can be bypassed by these systems because the drugs can subsequently be absorbed by lymphatic pathways. In this review we present a report on the formulation, characterization and dosage forms and applications of selfemulsifying formulations, with examples of currently marketed preparations.
Impact of push-through-packages with electronic devices for accurate drug taking
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, 601 Matanocho, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan, Sadamoto Kiyomi , Takamori Hiroko ,   Dainippon Printing Co. Ltd., 1-1-1 Ichigaya kagacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8001, Japan, Sadamoto Takaharu ,   Sadamoto Clinic, 821-10 Ninomiya, Ninomiyacho, Nakagunn, Kanagawa 259-0123, Japan, Kubota Kiyoshi ,   Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
Published: May 2022

Improved compliance is an issue in medical care and a previous study showed noncompliance measured via a survey and by counting unused drug. However, it is difficult to assess the frequency and timing of noncompliance in real time. In order to address these issues, we developed paper-made electronic devices with press through packages (PTPs) which recorded the time and frequency when users opened the PTPs. Using these devices, we studied the actual practice of self-administration of a hypertension drug (once a day). The data of 37 subjects using PTPs with electronic devices showed a discrepancy between actual compliance and subject-reported compliance. Only one subject (2.8%) had 100% compliance. There were 11 (30%) subjects in the highest level compliance group and 8 (22%) in the lowest. In contrast, 35 subjects (95%) reported perfect compliance by their own evaluation. Using innovative devices, it is possible to observe time, frequency, missed doses, and misuse in self administration. From an analysis of the correlation between subject background and noncompliance, all subjects had an equal possibility of noncompliance. This is the first report of actual patient compliance with real evidence of timing and frequency. The innovative electronic devices are particularly necessary for accurate control of drug therapy and cost-effective therapy with expensive druguse.
Personal, School and Family - main factors affecting female school dropout
Authors:   Department of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India, Bashir Aasiya , Khan Nilofar ,   Department of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India, Vaida Naheed ,   Department of Home Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
Published: May 2022

A dropout is considered a student who for any reason other than death leaves school without transferring to another school. Dropping out is a social problem and is also associated with delinquency and low school achievement. A preliminary survey regarding the factors affecting female student dropouts was carried out in District Kulgam. Majority of the respondents belonged to the moderate income group families and lived in joint families. The main factors which lead to dropping out were poor attendance, poor academic performance in class, low interest in studies. The personal factors were less family income, preference of education given to male siblings, early marriage, fear of getting punishment, poor academic performance in class, low interest in studies and busy with household chores. The school factors which lead to drop out were poor school accommodation , poor seating arrangement ,discrimination on the basis of sex , school far away , Corporal punishment , defective system of examination , no provision of mid day meals and uniforms and books .The family factors responsible in dropping out were not able to go school in time , looking after siblings , parents disinterest, , low educational status of parents , discord between parents, low economic status and most of the families thought boys should be provided better education and facilities as compared to girls.
Effects of shrimp industry-waste water on Maize (Zea mays) cultivation
Authors:   Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh, Salam Md. Tareq Bin , Billah Shaikh Motasim ,   Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh, Ali Sheikh Yesin ,   Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
Published: May 2022

A Comparative study was carried out to observe the response of Maize crop by using wastewater from shrimp processing industries at Rupsha Upazila under Khulna district during 2011-12. In the experiment, soil and water quality parameters were determined to sketch out the effect of growth and yield of Maize crop of the experimental area. The nutrient contents of water were analyzed for measuring pH, EC, salinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), Hardness and some major ionic concentrations. For industrial wastewater, the average pH was 8.12 which reflected alkaline in nature. The values of SAR, SSP and Hardness were 4.28, 71.24 to 81.847 percent and 298.8 mg L-1 and for soil, the pH, EC and other major ionic concentration were determined and the value of wastewater irrigated soils was shown higher than the value of freshwater irrigated soils except magnesium. Loading of soil was not much higher except Na. For plant response, Plant height was significantly different from fresh water irrigation as well as leaf response was shown on average same results and moisture content of grain has indicated that yield was harvested at right time with yield response was moderately good in compare with fresh water. If proper management can be implemented for recycling this wastewater, then this wastewater can be used for sustainable production of maize crops.
Simultaneous HPTLC analysis of Gliclazide and Metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form
Authors:   Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Aurangabad-431134, India., Patil Vandana , Kale Suwarna ,   Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Aurangabad-431134, India, Sahare Poonam ,   Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Aurangabad-431134, India, Vithaldas Smita ,   Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Aurangabad-431134, India
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the development and validation of high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with a densiotometric detection method for the simultaneous analysis of Gliclazide and Metformin hydrochloride. A separation was performed on silica gel 60F254 plates. The mobile phase comprised of toluene, acetonitrile, ethanol, Ammonium sulphate (0.25%) (4 : 4 : 4 : 3, v/v/v/v). The detection of wavelength was found to be 228nm. The Rf values of GLZ and MET were found to be 0.69 and 0.37 respectively. The accuracy and reliability of the method was assessed by evaluation of linearity 200-1000ng per spot of GLZ and MET. Precision intra-day and inter-day RSD values were always less than accuracy (97.37 for GLZ and 94.8 for MET) specificity in accordance with ICH guidelines. The developed HPTLC method was found to be new, accurate and precise.
Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Niosomes of Aceclofenac
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Mishra Namrata , Srivastava Vinamrata ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kaushik Anu ,   Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, U.P., India, Vivek Chauhan Vivek x ,   Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, U.P., India, Srivastava Gunjan ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: May 2022

The present research work was to formulate and evaluate the site specific delivery of aceclofenac niosomes in order to overcome the problem of GI discomfort and to produce a better therapeutic response. Niosomes of Aceclofenac were formulated by an Ether injection method using different concentrations of drug, cholesterol and surfactant (Span 60). The formulations were evaluated from the various methods like vesicle shape, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug content, compatibility studies and in-vitro drug release. Ether injection method was found to be most satisfactory with respective to niosomes particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release and its release mechanism was followed by krosmeyer Peppas method R2 =0.9840.
Ethnomedicinal uses of some plant studies Mancherial and Jannaram reserve forest division of Adilabad district, Telangana State, India
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Botany, SAP College, Vikarabad, Telangana State, India, Krishna N. Rama , Saidulu Ch. ,   Research scholar, Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India, Kistamma S. ,   Research scholar, Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
Published: May 2022

The present study deals with the exploration of tribal knowledge on medicinal plants used for human ailments by tribes of Mancherial and Jannaram Forest Divisions of Adilabad district, Telangana State. The Ethnomedicinal applications of plants to manage human ailments in the study area were assessed through a survey conducted during 2007-2013. First hand information on ethnobotanical recipes, dosage and their mode of administration etc., was gathered from herbal practitioners of Kolam, Naikpod, Pardhan, Gond, Thoti, Chenchu and Mathura tribes. The survey reported 68 plant species belonging to 33 families are presented in this paper. The detailed botanical name, local uses, local names, preparation and administration for diseases treated were recorded for each species. The study has brought to light some interesting data on plants which form a potential source of information for new bio-dynamic compounds of therapeutic value in phytochemical researches. As the exploitation of raw materials of these species is high in this area, there is an urgent need for their conservation
Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Omeprazole against experimentally induced colitis
Authors:   Deaprtment of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, Cheruvandoor campus, Ettumanoor P.O, Kottayam, Kerala- 686631, India, Ittiyavirah Sibi P. , MS Shenika ,   Deaprtment of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, Cheruvandoor campus, Ettumanoor P.O, Kottayam, Kerala- 686631, India
Published: May 2022

Aim: The objective of the study is to assess the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Omeprazole against acetic acid-induced colitis in albino rats. Materials and Methodology: In vitro antioxidant activity such as Lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory activity such as protein denaturation assay of Omeprazole were carried out. Omeprazole 2.5 mg/kg i.p was given to the test group. The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours and colon/body weight ratio and ulcer score was evaluated after the removal of the colon.The biochemical parameters like nitrate levels and protein concentration were determined from tissue homogenates. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s t test. Results: In vitro results showed that the drug posses both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. There was a significant improvement in colon/body weight ratio, ulcer score and biochemical parameters in Omeprazole treated group compared to the colitis group which proved the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in oral and systemic diseases- A comprehensive review
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad580009, Karnataka, India, Arunkumar Shantala , J S Arunkumar. ,   Professor, Department of ENT, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India, Burde Krishna N ,   Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India, G K Shakunthala ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MAHE Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, MAHE, Pondicherry-673310, India
Published: May 2022

Human saliva is not just the fluid in our mouth, but it mirrors our body’s health and well being. Biomolecules that are circulating in the blood are also found in human saliva. It consists of approximately about 2,000 proteins, and most significantly, 26% of these proteins are also found in blood, therefore emphasizes the saliva’s importance as an added biological resource for disease diagnosis and monitoring, as well as an ultimate diagnostic medium to establish a person’s response to treatment. The field of saliva diagnostics (SDs) began in the early 60s when salivary calcium levels were found to be elevated in cystic fibrosis patients, and 50 years on now how the field has unmitigated to an unpredicted distance due to the development of increasingly sensitive detection techniques. Hence, today in the era of nanotechnology and genomics, field of salivary diagnostics is promising a dramatic change in disease diagnosis and clinical monitoring. It has expanded into detection of cancer, heart and infectious diseases. Today we are using human saliva to detect illicit drugs, alcohol, to measure hormone levels, especially estrogen levels in women suffering from hormone imbalance, endometriosis, and to diagnose HIV virus in patients suspected of having AIDS. In addition, there are home-based saliva tests that one can order over the Internet to test one’s own cholesterol levels and also can verify the risk of developing prostate cancer. With the development of novel, more sensitive detection technology platforms, and the innovation of standardized analytical tools, establishment of reference intervals will make saliva diagnostic a reality in the near future. Especially in the areas of population-based screening programs, confirmatory diagnostics, risk stratification, forensic and therapy response monitoring. So, it represents a progressively more valuable complementary means of diagnosis.
Peak expiratory flow rate and its correlation with body surface area in healthy school children
Authors:   Professor, Department of Physiology, Subbiah Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga577222, Karnataka, India, Krishna K. Vijay , Kumar S. Arun ,   Professor, Department of Physiology, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Bellary-583104, Karnataka, India, Shivaprasad V. ,   Professor, Department of Physiology, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga-57502, Karnataka, India, Desai R.D. ,   Professor, Department of Physiology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur-584103, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to correlate the “ peak expiratory flow rate “ as measured by miniature wright peak flow meter in normal children between 5-18 years of age with Body Surface Area (B.S.A). Objectives: This study was done to correlate the physical attributes (B.S.A) of healthy children with PEFR. Study area: R.G.M. School Sindhanur. Study design: This is an observational study of 495 urban school going healthy children from Sindhanur. This sample comprised of 268 boys and 227 girls in the age range of 5-18 years. Results: PEFR increased linearly with increase in B.S.A. The correlation of PEFR with B.S.A was statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study has led to the following conclusions- A. There is a positive and statistically significant correlation between PEFR and B.S.A. in the sample of children selected. B. B.S.A has a close correlation with PEFR.
Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Ficus hispida L.
Authors:   Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard-110062, New Delhi, India, Chaudhary Nisha , Husain Shahnaz S. ,   Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard-110062, New Delhi, India, Ali Mohammed ,   Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard-110062, New Delhi, India
Published: May 2022

Ficus hispida L. (Moraceae) is a hairy moderate sized tree used as an astringent, antidysenteric, bitter and refrigerant and to treat psoriasis, anaemia, piles, jaundice and haemorrhage. Its stem bark was extracted with methanol and the concentrated extract was subjected to silica gel column. The column was run with solvents of increasing polarity to isolate two new phytoconstituents characterized as β-sitosteryl capriate and lanost-5-enyl caprylate along with known compounds α-amyrin acetate , lupeol acetate, lupeol and α-amyrin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant.
An ethno-veterinary botanical survey of medicinal plants in Kochore district of Gedeo Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRs), Ethiopia
Authors:   Animal Health Researcher in Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Hawassa, P.O. Box-1403, Ethiopia, Tekle Yibrah
Published: May 2022

For many years, different social and ethnic groups of Ethiopia, the use of ethno-veterinary practices to treat and control livestock and human diseases is an old practice, particularly the marginal districts where animal health services are still poor. However, this traditionally medicine practices source of knowledge is not sufficiently documented, that hampers the extensively utilize, validation and evaluation tracks. This study was aimed to document the ethnoveterinary knowledge and practices used to treat and control of livestock and human diseases in Kochore district, SNNPRs, Ethiopia. A purposive sampling technique study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire and field observational to document indigenous knowledge of 23 traditional healers. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize the ethno-botanical data. Forty plants, which have medicinal value against a total of 29 livestock and animal diseases, were reported and botanically identified as belonging to various 26 plant families. Most of the plant species reported to belong to one of nine major families: So lanaceae (11.76%), Fabaceae (9.80%), Asteraceae (9.80%), Lobeliaceae (7.84%), Lamiaceae (7.84%), Euphorbiace (7.84%), Simaroubaceae (3.92%), Rutaceae (3.92%) and Rubiaceae (3.92%). Woody plants (trees 30% and shrubs 27.5 %) and herbaceous 27.5% were the major growth habit used, whilst leaves (62.5 %) were the major plant parts used in the study areas. The informants mostly practice oral drenching of plant technique preparations (64.7%). Out of the total 40 ethno-veterinary medicinal plant species were identified and documented in the study area 67.5% predominantly used to livestock aliments treatment followed by 27.5% and 5% for livestock and human (both) and human aliments treatment respectively. The distribution of healers indicated that the majority were in the range of 46- 60 years of age (91.3%, elders) and 8.7% between 30 and 45 years old. Majority of informants accounting for 82.6% were males, and the remaining 17.4% were females. This study revealed that traditional medicine is, playing a significant contribution in obtaining the first aid healthcare needs of the Kochore district community. The acceptance and continuation of this practice are due to the limited access to modern healthcare facilities, as main factors. Documentation of the traditional uses of medicinal plants is an urgent matter and important to preserve the knowledge, and can be used to support the country’s livestock and human health care system and improve lives and livelihoods.
In-vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ficus racemosa Linn. fruits
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh, Hossain Md.Shahadat , Sayeed Md. Abu ,   Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Chittagong, Bangladesh, Uddin Md. Nasir ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Published: May 2022

The antimicrobial activity methanol extracts of Ficus racemosa Linn., belonging to the family Moringaceae, was determined in vitro, using disc diffusion method against human pathogenic bacteria fungi. The displayed a potential antibacterial activity against all the tested four Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholera, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species and Proteus species as well four fungi: Alternaria spp., Colletotrichum spp., Curvularia spp. and Fusarium spp. The highest zone of inhibition was found in the concentration of 200 µg/disc for Staphylococcus aureus (18mm) and in the concentration of 150 µg/disc for Fusarium spp. (12mm). The consequences of this investigation suggest that the extracts of Ficus racemosa can be used to discover antibacterial agent for developing new pharmaceuticals to control studied human pathogenic bacteria responsible for severe illness.
Manufacturing of new formulation of Pyridoxine HCL by direct compression method
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan, Naveed Safila , Dilshad Huma ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan, Qamar Fatima ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Vitamins are widely used as a prescription medicine. The aim of the study is to prepare pyridoxine HCl tablets (200 mg) using direct compression technique which is now a days considered a cost effective and simple method of formulation. It can be considered as an appropriate method for hygroscopic and thermolabile substances. In the present study new formulations of Pyridoxine HCl was manufactured by direct compression method using Lactose, magnesium stearate. The present study is divided into two phases. In the first phase new formulation of Pyridoxine HCl was prepared by direct compression method. In the 2nd phase of study new formulation is evaluated for their average weight variation, friability, hardness and other parameters like disintegration. The results showed that all parameters of new formulations are in accordance with the BP/USP limits.
Decolorization of acridine red dye by the fungi Aspergillus species
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, UdhanaMagdalla Road, Surat- 395007, Gujarat, India, P. R. Parmar
Published: May 2022

Acridine red dye was selected for decolorization studies by the microorganism isolated from textile dye contaminated soil samples. Enrichment and isolation was carried out in simulated medium using Bushnell-Haas broth embedded with 100 ppm of filter sterilized dye, pH 7.0±2. Six bacterial and one fungal colony was isolates on same agar media after one week incubation at room temperature. Screening test was carried out on the basis of zone of solubilization and qualitative decolorization of dye in liquid broth which indicates that fungi was most efficient than the bacterial colonies. A decolorization study with this fungal strain was performed by measuring percentage of decolorization, pH and biomass change in the simulated media. Optimization of various parameters like pH in the range of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, addition of 1.0% of co-substrates like glucose, sucrose as carbon source, effect of dye concentration in the range of 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 and 200 ppm were carried out in shaking conditions. Identification of fungus was carried out by routine microbiological lactophenol blue method by which it was tentatively identified as Aspergillus species. In our study it was found that, our isolate was able to decolorize 95 to 98% dye in Bushnell Haas medium with 1% glucose, sucrose, pH 7.0, 8.0 at room temperature with 100 to 120 ppm concentration of dye within 48 to 72 hrs on shaking conditions.
A review on the chemistry of some species of genus Lippia (Verbenaceae family)
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton20115, Kenya, Ombito Japheth Omollo , Salano Elsie Nyangweso ,   Department of Biochemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton-20115, Kenya, Yegon Philemon Kipkirui ,   Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton20115, Kenya, Ngetich Wesley Kipkirui ,   Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton20115, Kenya, Mwangi Elizabeth Muthoni ,   Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton20115, Kenya
Published: May 2022

Recently, focus on plant research has increased globally and a large amount of evidence has collected to show great potential of medicinal plants employed in diverse traditional systems. In the customary forms of medicine, plants provided a large number of remedies, which were often useful. Lippia genus, which belongs to the family Verbenaceae yields appreciable quantities of metabolites some of which have been shown to have valuable biological activities. Many phytochemical investigations done on this genus have shown the presence of various compounds like triterpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and steroids. This review focuses on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Lippia genus to allow the evaluation of the potential for utilization of the largest biomass of Lippia genus available.
Microemulsions: As drug delivery system
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, B.N. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur-313002, Rajasthan, India, Mishra Amul , Panola Ridhi ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, B.N. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur-313002, Rajasthan, India, Rana A.C. ,   Director, Institute of Pharmacy, Krukshetra University, Krukshetra136119, Haryana, India
Published: May 2022

Microemulsions are excellent candidates as potential drug delivery systems because of their improved drug solubilization, long shelf life, and ease of preparation and administration. The formulation of microemulsion for pharmaceutical use requires a thorough understanding of the properties, uses, and limitations of microemulsion. Three distinct microemulsions – oil external, water external and middle phase can be used for drug delivery, depending upon the type of drug delivery upon the type of drug and the site of action. In this article, Since the term ‘microemulsion’ was first coined almost fifty years ago to describe clear, isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems composed of oil, water, surfactant and cosurfactant, numerous and varied reports of the applications of microemulsions have appeared in the literature. Reports of the use of microemulsions in separation science began to appear in the literature in the early 1990’s when they were first used as mobile phases for HPLC and as carrier electrolytes for CE separations, particularly for pharmaceutical applications.
Plasma gelsolin levels in healthy mice as a function of age and gender
Authors:   Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India304022, Khatri Neeraj ,   CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India-160036, Peddada Nagesh ,   CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India160036, Chopra Bhupinder Singh ,   CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India160036, Gupta Ashok Kumar ,   CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India160036, Garg Renu ,   CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India160036, Ashish  ,   CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India160036, Garg Veena ,   Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India304022
Published: May 2022

Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) has been reported to decline in many diseases of humans as well as animals. However, it is prerequisite to know normal pGSN levels in healthy animals so as to determine the dose of pGSN need to be given exogenously for repletion of gelsolin by gelsolin replacement therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify levels of injury healing protein, pGSN in different age (1, 3, 6 & 12 months) and sex (Male and female) groups of C57BL/6N mice by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Our results showed that average pGSN levels at one month of age were 150.46±6.91 μg/mL in male and 123.14±18.11 μg/mL in female mice. However, these levels increased with the advancement of age and were in the range of 169.16±19.52 μg/mL and 214.15±34.88 μg/mL in male and female mice respectively from 3-12 months of age. There was no significant difference in the pGSN values with respect to age as well as gender of mice. These precise values of pGSN can be used as referral values while planning for gelsolin replacement therapy in clinical cases in mice. Since, gelsolin has been hypothesized to be the prognostic marker of health; therefore, it is proposed to monitor pGSN levels during routine health checkups.
Surgical management of intra-atricular fractures of the calcaneum
Authors:   Assistant professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka-585401, India, Mallikarjun G B , Menon Jagdish ,   Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, JIPMER, Pondicherry-605006, India, Patro Dilipkumar ,   Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, JIPMER, Pondicherry-605006, India
Published: May 2022

Objective: To study the results of internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of calcaneum, specifically Type II and TypeIII fractures, as classified by Sanders et al. Methods: Thirty patients with displaced intra-articular fractures of calcaneum were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from September 2004 to July 2008. We used CT classification as proposed by Sanders et al to classify these fractures. Surgery was performed using the standard extended lateral approach. Fractures were reduced and fixed with y-plate and screws without bone grafting. All patients were started on early motion and maintained on non weight bearing for 10 months. Average follow up was 18 months (8 to 30months). The Creighton – Nebraska Heath Foundation Assessment Scale for fractures of the calcaneum was used to evaluate the results. Results: There were 12 excellent, 12 good, 6 fair results. All TypeII fractures had excellent results. The average value of restoration of Bholer’s angle was 5.2 degree. No significant complications noted. Conclusion: We recommend TypeII and TypeIII fractures of calcaneum to be treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Minimal complications were associated with this procedure.
Medicinal plant diversity in Chittagong, Bangladesh: A database of 100 medicinal plants
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Hasan Md.Mahadi , Hossain Sk Amir ,   Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,   Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh, Ali Md.Arfan ,   Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agriculture University, Bangladesh, Alamgir A.N.M ,   Professor, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
Published: May 2022

A database of the medicinal plants of Chittagong was developed by using Microsoft Office Access 2003 program on a windows platform and plant species were arranged following an alphabetic order of scientific names (A-Z) with the attributes like scientific name, vernacular name or local name, family, habit and habitat, parts used and chemical constituent and therapeutic uses for each plant. Database contained 100 medicinal plant species of 52 families covering herb, shrub, climber and tree. Total number of herb species were 53, whereas shrubs, climbers and trees were 28, 3 and 16, respectively. The family Asteraceae contained the highest number of species(8), followed by Apocynaceae (7), Caesalpiniaceae (6), Fabaceae (5), Liliaceae (5), Euphorbiaceae (3), Araceae (3), Solanaceae (3), Poaceae (3) and others. The highest percentage of usable plant parts were the leaf (41%), whereas other usable plant parts were root (22%), bark (12%), fruit (12%), flower (4%), rhizome (2%), stem (2%), seed (2%), tuber (1%), inflorescence (1%), trunk (0.5%) and whole plant (0.5%).Database are emphasized on the importance of setting up conservation priorities, sustainable development and therapeutic uses of various medicinal plants. Eventually this research work will help to search for simple, sensitive and cost-effective drug principle from natural products.
Polyaniline-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid for corrosion inhibition of stainless steel
Authors:   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan, Gul Salma , Shah Anwar-ul-Haq Ali ,   Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan, Bilal Salma ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Corrosion behavior of stainless steel was investigated by using highly processable polyanilinedodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI-DBSA) salt. An Electroactivity/redox property of the polymer was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Conducting salt form of PANI-DBSA was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. A solution of PANI-DBSA was drop coated on stainless steel electrode. Corrosion performances of PANI-DBSA coated and un-coated electrodes were investigated in 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) by means of DC corrosion (E Tafel) technique. The results show that PANI coating increased the corrosion resistance of stainless steel in an aggressive sodium chloride medium.
Formulation and evaluation of sustained release micropellets of Aceclofenac
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, UP, India, Kaushik Anu , Chauhan Vivek ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, UP, India, Mittal Anuj ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, UP, India, Jha K.K ,   Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, UP, India, Kumar Dinesh ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, UP, India, Gupta Ashok Kumar ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, UP, India
Published: May 2022

The objective of present work was to develop Micro pellet formulations in order to attain the instantaneous release of the active medicament in the gastrointestinal tract which would enhance gastric residence time with increased absorption from the stomach & intestine to produce sustained pharmacological responses along with reduced dosing frequency and ultimately the bioavailability would also increase. In-vitro release study of each formulation was carried out using pH 1.2 HCl, pH 7.0 phosphate buffers, simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Various results were inferred i.e. Bulk density (0.742-0.753mg/ml), yield value (84%–98.8%), pellet size (189.8 µm – 290.8 µm) etc. The best drug release profiles were seen with formulation A1 at the ratio of drug: gellan gum (1:1). A 32 full factorial design was applied to the combination of polymers (X1 ) and percentage of IPA (X2 ) used as independent variables whereas particle size & drug release were chosen as selected dependent variables. The predicted value obtained at 0.986 desirability for independent variables were eg. for polymer - 3.00 gm & for IPA- 99.00% and for dependent variables i.e particle size - 189.8 μm & drug release - 88.77% .
Design, characterization and evaluation of latanoprost niosomes for glaucoma treatment
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, M.G. University, Cheruvandoor68631, Kerala, India, Aswathy Koranappallil S. , John Rose mol K ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, M.G. University, Cheruvandoor68631, Kerala, India
Published: May 2022

Eye being a most delicate organ, ocular drug delivery is a challenge for the formulator. A drop of an aqueous solution, irrespective of instilled volume is eliminated completely from the eye within 5 to 6 minutes of its application and only a small amount (1-3%) actually penetrates the cornea and reaches the intraocular tissue. This problem can be addressed by use of suitable carrier systems. Niosomal vesicular system is one of the potential approaches, which can be suitably used. The aim of the present investigation was to prepare, characterize and optimize the latanoprost niosomes using 2-factor 3-level full factorial design and carry out stability studies. Niosomes of latanoprost were prepared by heating method of mozafari and optimized using 2-factor 3-level full factorial design. The independent levels selected were cholesterol:span 60 ratio and mixing time, and the response optimized were entrapment efficiency and particle size. Contour and response surface plots were constructed to further elucidate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The formulated latanoprost niosomes were evaluated for their particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and in vivo corneal residence time studies. The niosomes showed a vesicle size of 2.58-3.13 μm and zeta potential of -9 to -13 mV. SEM revealed that niosomes were unilamellar and smooth in texture. The in vitro release studies showed 95.98% of latanoprost released in sustained manner following Higuchi model kinetics for 12 hours. The n value of 0.865 suggested non fickian diffusion from niosomes. The stability study confirmed that latanoprost niosomes were stable. In vivo corneal residence time studies showed the levels of drug concentration in tear fluid were maintained for 12 hr while for eye drops concentration was very less after 6 hr. The designed latanoprost niosomes with span 60 showed good physicochemical properties, good stability, prolonged action and improved bioavailability than the commercially available conventional dosage form which might be a potential carrier system to improve the patient compliance and reduce the side effects.
In vitro antioxidant properties of Musa paradisiacal Peel aqueous extract
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, P.M.B 1144, Nigeria, Fakai I. M. , Yauri A.U. Birnin- ,   Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, P.M.B 1144, Nigeria, Jemaima James ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, P.M.B 1144, Nigeria
Published: May 2022

Plants and plants products are the major sources of natural antioxidant which can be used to ameliorate oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species in biological systems. In vitro antioxidant activity of Musa paradisiacapeel aqueous extract was evaluated. Sodium nitroprusside was used to induce lipid perioxidation in rat pancreas. The total phenol, flavonoid and vitamin C contents were determined using standard methods of analysis. OH radical scavenging ability, Fe2+ chelating ability and lipid peroxidation were also analyzed using standard methods. The result revealed substantial amount of total phenol (0.76 ±0.04 mg/g), total flavonoid (0.53 ±0.04 mg/g) and vitamin C contents (24.11 ±0.41 mg/100 g). The result also revealed increased OH radical scavenging ability, Fe2+ chelating ability and MDA inhibition with increase in concentration of the extract used. The present study therefore, revealed that Musa paradisiacapeel aqueous extract could serve as source of natural antioxidant which can be used to ameliorate some disease associated with oxidative stress.
Study of serum malondialdehyde and vitamin c in smokers
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College, Gulbarga585106, Karnataka, India, Nagaraj  , D Satish Kumar ,   Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College, Gulbarga585106, Karnataka, India, Paunipagar Prashant V ,   Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College, Gulbarga585106, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Smoking is associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The free radicals released during smoking thought to play an important role in forming imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. A total number of 200 subjects comprising of 50 healthy controls and 150 cases of smokers divided into mild, moderate and heavy smokers studied. In all the subjects, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant serum vitamin C were estimated. Serum MDA was significantly increased in smokers when compared to controls. The oxidative stress level was elevated in accordance with the intensity of smoking. The antioxidant serum vitamin C was significantly decreased in smokers when compared to controls. The presence of increased systemic oxidative stress in smokers seems to be associated with current active smoking and systemic inflammation. The decrease in antioxidant levels appears to be mainly a consequence of increased oxidative stress. Hence by advising cessation of smoking and taking diet rich in antioxidants may prevent oxidative damage and prevent oxidative stress related diseases.
Physicochemical properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds oil (Elrahad-1) in North Kordofan, Sudan
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan, Eltayeib Ali Abdella , Elaziz Ali Abd ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to clarify the physicochemical property evaluation of Roselle seed oil. Two samples (red and white calyces) of Roselle seeds (Elrahad-1) were obtained from El-obied Agricultural Research Station. The Roselle seed oil was extracted by soxhlet method. The standard procedure of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was used to determine the physicochemical properties (oil%, specific gravity, refractive index, viscosity, saponification value, acid value, iodine value, peroxide value and fatty acids). The yield of the extracted oil for both red and white was found to be 21.1%. The oil had a refractive index (1.467, 1.466), saponification value (189.7, 189.1), iodine value (119, 119), peroxide value (4.6, 4.7), acid value (3.57, 3.55), viscosity (22.5, 22.5), specific gravity (0.90, 0.90). The main unsaturated fatty acids in the oil are Oleic (47.0555%, 47.8868%), Linoleic (30.5836%, 30.7931%) and Elaideic acid (14.359%, 15.1603%) and the saturated acids are Palmitic acid (3.9494%, 3.9198%) and Myristic acid (1.9609%, 1.9845%). These values were arranged for red and white calyces respectively. Comparing the study results with the standards and guideline of edible oils set by the FAO/WHO and the Sudanese standard and the metrology organization (SSMO) the study recommended that the Roselle seed oil can be an economic source of healthy edible fat and for other food industry applications and suggest further study on the effect of storage time on the physicochemical characteristic of the oil.
Nonpolar chemical constituents from the Oryza sativa L. bran
Authors:   Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi110062, India, Ali Mohd. , Naquvi Kamran J. ,   Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi110062, India, Sultana Shahnaz ,   Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi110062, India
Published: May 2022

The rice bran comprises the germ, pericarp and aleurone layer. It serves as an important functional food that has cholesterol lowering properties, cardiovascular health benefits and anti-tumor activity, prevents high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, bone loss in women and is used in cosmetics and personal care products. Phytochemical investigation of a methanolic extract of Oryza sativa bran resulted in the isolation of natural phytoconstituents characterized as n-tetradecanyl linoleate (1), glyceryl-1,3-dioleo-2-linoleate (2), n-octadecanyl oleate (3), n-hexacosanyl oleate (4), nnonacosanyl linoleate (5) and n-hexacosanyl stearate (6). The structures of these phytoconstituents have been elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.