bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On-chip cryogenic low-pass filters based on finite ground-plane coplanar waveguides for quantum measurements
Authors: Muragesh Prasad , Thalakulam Madhu
Published: January 2025

Quantum technology exploits fragile quantum electronic phenomena whose energy scales demand ultra-low electron temperature operation. The lack of electron–phonon coupling at cryogenic temperatures makes cooling the electrons down to a few tens of millikelvin a non-trivial task, requiring extensive efforts on thermalization and filtering high-frequency noise. Existing techniques employ bulky and heavy cryogenic metal-powder filters, which prove ineffective at sub-GHz frequency regimes and unsuitable for high-density quantum circuits such as spin qubits. In this work, we realize ultra-compact and lightweight on-chip cryogenic filters based on the attenuation characteristics of finite ground-plane coplanar waveguides. These filters are made of aluminum on sapphire substrates using standard microfabrication techniques. The attenuation characteristics are measured down to a temperature of 500 mK in a dilution refrigerator in a wide frequency range of a few hundred kHz to 8.5 GHz. We find their performance is superior by many orders compared to the existing filtering schemes, especially in the sub-GHz regime, negating the use of any lumped-element low-pass filters. The compact and scalable nature makes these filters a suitable choice for high-density quantum circuits such as quantum processors based on quantum dot spin qubits.
Effect of curvature on the hypersonic turbulent boundary over the curved compression ramp
Authors: Shi Xiaotian , Liu Wanhai , Ji Xiangxin , Sun Xuecheng , Liu Hongwei , Li Xinliang , Yu Changping
Published: January 2025

Direct numerical simulation of the shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction on a compression ramp and curved compression ramps with different radii of the curvature at the Mach number Ma=5.0 and Reynolds number Re=16 800/mm is performed, and the purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of different radii of the curvature on the development of the flow. The flow structure and turbulence properties are analyzed. As the curved angle radius increases, the range of flow deceleration and the impact of the shock wave interaction on the turbulent boundary layer gradually decrease, and the peak value of turbulent pulsation amplification in the interaction zone becomes smaller. Mean skin friction decomposition is carried in upstream undisturbed region and reattachment region. The skin friction coefficient in the upstream is primarily composed of the viscous dissipation term Cf,V and the turbulent kinetic energy production term Cf,T. While in the reattachment zone, it is mainly balanced by the term Cf,T and the spatial growth term Cf,G. Bidimensional empirical mode decomposition is applied to further study the contribution of the turbulent motion at different scales to Cf,T, and the result shows that for the compression ramp, Cf,T is mainly contributed by the large-scale vortex structure generated in the interaction zone, while for the curved compression ramp, it is mainly contributed by the rapid amplification of turbulent pulsations caused by the shock wave interaction. This study is not only a new parametric study of the shock wave/turbulent boundary interaction but also provides a reference for the aerodynamic design of hypersonic vehicles.
Effects of linear and nonlinear resonances on dust-acoustic solitary waves in an opposite polarity dusty plasma with generalized polarization force
Authors: Barman Arnab
Published: January 2025

The linear resonance (Landau damping) and nonlinear resonance (trapping) effects on the nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) are studied in an opposite polarity unmagnetized collisionless dusty plasma in the presence of generalized polarization force. The two-species of multiply charged dust grains (positive and negative) are described by the kinetic Vlasov equations, whereas the inertialess ions and electrons are described by Maxwellian distribution. Using the multi-scale reductive perturbation technique generalized for the applications to the Vlasov equation, we derive two modified Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations that govern the evolution of DASWs with the effects of linear resonance (Landau damping) and nonlinear resonance (trapping), respectively. It is found that the KdV soliton theory modified by the effects of nonlinear resonant particles is not applicable to the small amplitude limit of DASWs. The properties of the phase velocity, solitary wave amplitudes (in the presence and absence of Landau damping), and the Landau damping rate of DASWs are studied with the effects of generalized polarization force (∝R), the ratios of the positive to negative dust charge numbers z, ion to positively (negatively) charged dusts temperatures σp (σn), as well as the negatively to positively charged dusts mass (m). The properties of the decay rates of the amplitude of the KdV soliton with a small effect of Landau damping are also studied with the above system of parameters. It is shown that the decay rate of the wave amplitude is reduced by the effects of R. In addition, the competition between the linear and nonlinear resonances on the system parameters has been discussed. It is observed that the nonlinear resonance effects are relatively higher than those of the linear one under the generalized polarization force, although they are comparable in magnitude in the absence of the polarization force. The implications of the present investigation in different dusty plasma environments are briefly discussed. The results may be useful for understanding the localization of solitary pulses and associated resonance damping of the wave in laboratory and space plasmas, in which the positively and negatively charged dusts coexist under the polarization force.
Enhanced numerical models for two-component fluid flow in multiscale porous structures
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Otomo Hiroshi , Fan Hongli , Sun Guangyuan , Salazar-Tio Rafael , Balasubramanian Ganapathi Raman , Islam Ashraful , Crouse Bernd , Zhang Raoyang
Published: January 2025

Multi-component fluid flow simulations in multiscale porous structures, many parts of which are likely to be under-resolved at practical resolution, often require a high-fidelity numerical model to account for the contribution of under-resolved structures to the fluid flow. In previous studies, a numerical model was proposed for viscous and capillary forces from under-resolved regions. It successfully showed comparable results in absolute permeability, capillary pressure, and relative permeability when compared to an equivalent fully resolved case up to ten times higher resolution. In this study, we show further extensions of the model to handle various types of structures and to capture detailed fluid behavior. First, we introduce the controllability of surface tension in the pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann model while keeping the interface thickness and the spurious current at the same level. This helps to resolve more detailed interface dynamics in under-resolved regions. Second, we develop a numerical model to capture the residual fluid component in the under-resolved structure. Since it is difficult to capture such cell-sized or less-than-cell-sized fluid components with diffusive interface models, we try to consider them separately using local constitutive relations, such as the absolute and relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. Third, we introduce a tensorial resistivity model to handle under-resolved heterogeneous structures, such as a fiber bundle. After calculating the principal axis for resistivity using the Hessian and the gradient of the local porosity field, the tensorial resistivity is rotated in the proper direction. Through a series of benchmark test cases, including cases using practical rock geometries, these enhancements are validated and show significant accuracy improvements with respect to the transient interface dynamics, capture of local irreducible fluid components, and directionality effects of under-resolved structures.
Unsteady flow analysis in a double-suction pump as turbine impeller based on finite-time Lyapunov exponent
Authors: Liu Leqi , Miao Senchun , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Junhu
Published: January 2025

Pump as turbine (PAT) is an excellent energy recovery device. Understanding the flow characteristics of the key component, the impeller, is essential for further optimization and design of PAT. To analyze the unsteady flow characteristics inside the impeller of a double-suction PAT from a Lagrangian perspective, numerical simulations were conducted using the shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model for the design conditions. The finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) method was employed to extract the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) of the impeller over one cycle of unsteady velocity field. Results indicate that with time, the scale of the FTLE field gradually decreases, suggesting enhanced flow stability, reduced mixing efficiency, smoother flow structures, and increased flow convergence. In the two-dimensional perspective, high FTLE values concentrate at the inlet region of the passage, pressure side of the blades, and outlet region of the passage, spreading gradually over the entire blade surface, while low FTLE values predominantly concentrate on the blade surface with a diminishing area. The flow separation occurs at the leading edge of the impeller, the suction side of the impeller and the inlet region of the flow channel. In the three-dimensional perspective, different LCSs show varied changes at specific FTLE values, reflecting the impact of FTLE variation on the distribution of LCSs and indicating the evolution of flow states in fluid dynamics. Each moment of LCS exhibits a growth–stability–dissipation status transition. The FTLE method effectively reveals the flow variations inside the impeller of a double-suction PAT, offering a new perspective and tool for analyzing the turbulent structures in the complex flow field of PAT.
Turbulent flow pattern and flow resistance characteristics of cross flow over square-arranged tube bundles with different pitch to diameter ratios
Authors: Xie Xiaoyang , Zhao Houjian , Li Xiaowei , Wu Xinxin
Published: January 2025

Helical tube bundles are used in steam generators and intermediate heat exchangers of high temperature gas-cooled reactors due to their compactness and good thermal expansion adaptation performance. However, the characteristics of cross flow over inline tube bundles are sensitive to pitch to diameter ratios (S/D) and Reynolds numbers (Re), and the influence of S/D and Re variation on the flow patterns (especially wake patterns) and pressure drop coefficients (ξ) remains unclear. In the current investigation, the flow characteristics of tube bundles with S/D = 1.58 and 1.88 with various Re are investigated with the aid of wind tunnel experiments and large eddy simulations (LES). For the tube bundle with S/D = 1.88, the results of LES with periodical geometry align well with wind tunnel experiments, successfully predicting the decreasing recirculation region size as Re increases. In contrast, for the tube bundle with S/D = 1.58, the recirculation region size remains almost constant with varying Re, filling the space between two adjacent tubes even when Re = 36 000. However, the LES with periodical geometry only successfully predicts flow phenomena up to Re = 25 285. The wakes become oblique when Re = 36 000, which differs from experiments. Based on the force balance on the recirculation region, the pressure drop coefficient (ξ) of the cross flow over tube bundles is related to the size of the recirculation region. For the tube bundle with S/D = 1.88, the recirculation region size decreases as Re increases when Re ≥ 18 000, resulting in a larger flow cross section area in the main flow region. The increasing main flow cross section area leads to an increased pressure coefficient along the separation streamlines. Since the Reynolds normal and shear stresses cancel each other out, the increasing pressure coefficients along the recirculation region boundary lead to the increasing surface pressure coefficients in the rear side of the tube and ultimately lead to the ξ decrease from 0.26 to 0.24 when Re increases from 18 000 to 44 571. Conversely, when Re ≤ 10 285, the recirculation area fills the space between two adjacent tubes, so the ξ barely change with Re. For tube bundle with S/D = 1.58, the recirculation area fills the space between tubes even when Re ≥ 18 000, leading to almost the unchanged ξ (≈0.27) with Re. The higher ξ at Re = 10 285 is related to the bounding wall effects on the near wall tubes.
Decoding the elite soccer player’s psychological profile
Authors: Bonetti Leonardo , Vestberg Torbjōrn , Jafari Reza , Seghezzi Debora , Ingvar Martin , Kringelbach Morten L. , Filgueiras Alberto , Petrovic Predrag
Published: January 2025

Soccer is arguably the most widely followed sport worldwide, and many dream of becoming soccer players. However, only a few manage to achieve this dream, which has cast a significant spotlight on elite soccer players who possess exceptional skills to rise above the rest. Originally, such attention was focused on their great physical abilities. However, recently, a new perspective has emerged, suggesting that being an elite soccer player requires a deep understanding of the game, rapid information processing, and decision-making. This growing attention has led to several studies suggesting higher executive functions in soccer players compared to the general population. Unfortunately, these studies often had small and nonelite samples, focusing mainly on executive functions alone without employing advanced machine learning techniques. In this study, we used artificial neural networks to comprehensively investigate the personality traits and cognitive abilities of a sample of 328 participants, including 204 elite soccer players from the top teams in Brazil and Sweden. Our findings indicate that elite soccer players demonstrate heightened planning and memory capacities, enhanced executive functions, especially cognitive flexibility, elevated levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness to experience, coupled with reduced neuroticism and agreeableness. This research provides insights into the psychology of elite soccer players, holding significance for talent identification, development strategies in soccer, and understanding the psychological traits and cognitive abilities linked to success.
Mapping the world through lexicography
Authors: Cecchetti Erica , Tola Gabriele
Published: January 2025

This article1 analyses the original contribution of the Franciscan missionary
Basilio Brollo (Ye Zunxiao 葉尊孝 or Ye Zongxian
葉宗賢, Gemona, 1648–Xi’an, 1704) to the description
of Chinese toponyms and geographically relevant terms included in his Dictionarium sinico-latinum (1694, 1699), regarded as one of the most noteworthy earliest dictionaries compiled by
foreign missionaries in China. The article first provides an overview of the list of toponyms included in the dictionary,
describing their Chinese, romanised, and Latin renditions. Secondly, it compares selected terms with the corresponding toponymic
occurrences in the Chinese sources Brollo used as references when compiling the manuscript. The article concludes with a
discussion of the lexicographical and lexicological efforts involved in this process, as well as the intercultural dialogue
involved in them, highlighting Brollo’s personal and original contribution to the description of 17th-century Chinese geographical
elements, with special reference to the terms related to the Chinese geographical regions where he lived and worked.
The moral Foreign Language Effect beyond the L2
Authors: Stańczykowska Zofia , Paradowski Michał B.
Published: January 2025

Bilinguals’ decision-making may be affected by the linguistic context, depending on whether the scenario to be
evaluated is presented in their first or second language. This phenomenon is known as the (moral) Foreign Language Effect
(FLe/MFLE). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate whether a difference can also be observed
between decisions taken by multilinguals in their second (L2) vs third languages (L3). Expectedly, akin to the L2 Status Factor
hypothesis, the results of a survey experiment showed no significant distinctions in scenario evaluations across non-native
languages, suggesting that the “foreign status” of these renders similar emotionality and/or exemption from social normativity.
The few nuances that do emerge are traceable to the specific scenarios used in FLe research.
Structural and functional insights into α-actinin isoforms and their implications in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Noureddine Maya , Mikolajek Halina , Morgan Neil V. , Denning Chris , Loughna Siobhan , Gehmlich Katja , Mohammed Fiyaz
Published: January 2025

α-actinin (ACTN) is a pivotal member of the actin-binding protein family, crucial for the anchoring and organization of actin filaments within the cytoskeleton. Four isoforms of α-actinin exist: two non-muscle isoforms (ACTN1 and ACTN4) primarily associated with actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, and two muscle-specific isoforms (ACTN2 and ACTN3) localized to the Z-disk of the striated muscle. Although these isoforms share structural similarities, they exhibit distinct functional characteristics that reflect their specialized roles in various tissues. Genetic variants in α-actinin isoforms have been implicated in a range of pathologies, including cardiomyopathies, thrombocytopenia, and non-cardiovascular diseases, such as nephropathy. However, the precise impact of these genetic variants on the α-actinin structure and their contribution to disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional attributes of the four α-actinin isoforms, emphasizing their roles in actin crosslinking and sarcomere stabilization. Furthermore, we present detailed structural modeling of select ACTN1 and ACTN2 variants to elucidate mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, with a particular focus on macrothrombocytopenia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. By advancing our understanding of α-actinin’s role in both normal cellular function and disease states, this review lays the groundwork for future research and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
Structure and phase dynamics in electrospray deposited amorphous MoO3 via thermal treatment
Authors: Azizinia M , Minicucci M , Gunnella R , Passacantando M , Rezvani S J
Published: January 2025

Molybdenum oxides with distinct structures and phases have shown unique properties that are of interest in many scientific and technological applications. However, the scalability to large area deposition and in particular the deposition of surfaces with specific topology, with a uniform and controlled structure still remains a challenge. In this work, a uniform MoO3 film with amorphous structure was achieved via electrospray deposition from fine particle dispersion in water. A high vapor pressure solvent was utilized for the progress of the deposition. As-deposited films with large thicknesses (

<

1
 
μ

m) show amorphous structures with a mean roughness lower than ∼32 nm. The deposited film was subsequently subject to thermal treatment with optimal thermodynamic parameters in order to modify the structure, the phase, the defect density and subsequently the electronic properties of the final structure. It is shown that a uniform coating layer with controlled structure and defect density can be achieved. This method facilitates the deposition of oxide layers on a variety of unconventional surfaces with large area as well as curved geometry.
Coupling of single nanodiamonds hosting SiV color centers to plasmonic double bowtie microantennas
Authors: Lindner S , Rahbany N , Pauly C , Gines L , Mandal S , Williams O A , Muzha A , Krueger A , Bachelot R , Couteau C , Becher C
Published: January 2025

Color centers are promising single-photon emitters owing to their operation at room temperature and high photostability. In particular, using nanodiamonds as a host material is of interest for sensing and metrology. Furthermore, being a solid-state system allows for incorporation to photonic systems to tune both the emission intensity and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and therefore adapt the individual color center to desired properties. We show successful coupling of a single nanodiamond hosting silicon-vacancy color centers to a plasmonic double bowtie antenna structure. To predict the spectrum of the coupled system, the PL spectrum of the silicon vacancy centers was measured before the coupling process and convoluted with the antenna resonance spectrum. After transferring the nanodiamond to the antenna the combined spectrum was measured again. The measurement agrees well with the calculated prediction of the coupled system and therefore confirms successful coupling.
Dynamic behavior of multi-dimensional chaotic systems based on state variables and unknown parameters with applications in image encryption
Authors: Jie Jingfeng , Zhang Ping , Yang Yang
Published: January 2025

To explore the impact of unknown terms and parameters on chaotic characteristics in chaotic systems, this paper examines the effects of state variables and unknown parameters. The study focuses on different combinations of linear, nonlinear, and constant terms It primarily investigates the role of multi-order state variables and their application to chaotic system models of varying dimensions. Firstly, by simulating a three-dimensional chaotic system, the paper analyzes how different combinations of nonlinear terms and initial conditions affect the system's chaotic behavior. Secondly, it evaluates the chaotic characteristics of a four-dimensional system, combining nonlinear terms with unknown parameters, using tools such as Lyapunov index diagrams, sample entropy, and dynamic trajectory plots. Finally, the paper integrates the constructed chaotic system with chaotic mapping to develop a two-level key chaotic image encryption system, thoroughly assessing its security and resistance to interference.
A nanophotonic structured resonators for GaInAsSb photocathodes with high electron collection rates
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Liu Lei , Cao Zhihao , Tian Jian , Zhangyang Xingyue
Published: January 2025

GaSb-based nanopillar arrays photocathodes have great potential in fields such as thermal photovoltaic systems, solar cells, and low light night vision due to their high long-wave sensitivity, good stability, and low cost. However, the characteristic that the electrons emitted from its side are easily to be captured by the adjacent units results in a generally low net quantum efficiency. We design a GaInAsSb NPAs photocathode with nanopillars and wafers made of the same material. By adjusting the height of the pillar, we can achieve changes in the cathode emitter, which can be directed to achieve high-efficiency photocathodes according to application scenarios. Using FDTD method, the influence of NPA surface density on the performance of different emitter cathodes was simulated. In addition, we investigated the effects of incident angle and external electric field on the emission performance of the cathode. The results indicate that there is an optimal incident angle that allows the wafer to achieve an EQE close to 18%, while the external electric field enhances the EQE of the nanopillar. The work improves the net efficiency of GaSb-based photocathodes, which has guiding significance for the research and development of high-efficiency infrared photocathodes.
Effects of Sc and Zr on the phase point defects of the three major intermetallic phases in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys from first-principles calculations
Authors: Xiao Yao , Liu Jia , Shi Yan
Published: January 2025

In the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys formed by Laser powder bed fusion( L-PBF ), the elements Sc and Zr are of great importance for the strengthening and toughening properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the presence of Sc and Zr on the stability of the phase structure in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. First-principles calculations have been used to analyse the influence of Sc and Zr on the mechanical properties of the primary strengthened precipitated phase in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. The elastic modulus and electronic structure of three main metallic phases containing two types of point defects (Scx, Zrx) have been calculated. Research has demonstrated that the plastic properties of some point defects are improved by the occupation of Sc and Zr elements. Among them, Al2CuMg and MgZn2 are strongly affected by Sc occupation, and Al2Cu are strongly affected by Zr occupation. Zrx-type point defects are more stable than Scx-type point defects in Al2Cu, MgZn2 and Al2CuMg. The charge density distribution near the point defect of Scx and Zrx is higher than the pure phase, and the charges near Scx and Zrx tend to aggregate in a particular direction. In summary, this study reveals the influence mechanism of the intrinsic modification of the main phase point defects of Sc and Zr on the mechanical properties is revealed by the first-principles calculation method, which provides a theoretical basis for the composition design and optimisation of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with Sc and Zr addition.
Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion battery based on AConvST-LSTM-Net-TL
Authors: Li Zihan , Li Jiaxi , Wang Xiang , Zhang Canwen , Nie Lei
Published: January 2025

The accurate prediction of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries can significantly enhance the safety and reliability of these batteries, thereby reducing operational risks. However, numerous existing methodologies operate under the assumption that both training and testing data adhere to the same distribution pattern, hindering the application of successful laboratory-based models to different target batteries. Hence, this study introduces a transfer learning model for predicting lithium-ion battery life, utilizing an attention mechanism-driven convolutional neural network (ACNN) in conjunction with a spatiotemporal Long Short-Term Memory network (ST-LSTM). Initially, the deep charging process data is leveraged for battery capacity estimation, where a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) is employed to delineate the nonlinear trend of battery capacity decay and characterize the capacity degradation. Following feature extraction, the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) value is computed to assess the distribution disparity between the two domains. Subsequently, the AConvST-LSTM-Net computes capacity estimations, loss functions for both source and target domains, merging these with the MMD value to formulate a comprehensive loss function. In conclusion, by employing transfer learning, the refined model is adapted to the target domain dataset, enabling the accurate prediction of the RUL of lithium-ion batteries. This approach is validated using the NASA lithium-ion battery dataset and the National Big Data Alliance for New Energy Vehicles (NDANEV), demonstrating the superior accuracy and robustness of the AConvST-LSTM-Net-TL model in comparisn to other prediction methods.
Twin stars in General Relativity and Extended Theories of Gravity
Authors: Lope-Oter Eva , Wojnar Aneta
Published: January 2025

We explore gravity-independent equations of state for neutron stars, particularly focusing
on twin stars. Twin neutron stars refer to a theoretical phenomenon in which two neutron stars
with the same mass exist in different stable configurations. Examining four categories, we
emphasize their behavior in both General Relativity and Palatini gravity. Additionally, we discuss
a subcategory of type I, which, in the context of General Relativity, does not exhibit twin star
phenomena, yet demonstrates this phenomenon in modified gravity. Furthermore, we briefly address
challenges associated with the negative trace of the energy-momentum tensor, prevalent in
both theories.
Dark matter-radiation scattering enhances CMB phase shift through dark matter-loading
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Ho Daven Wei Ren , Tsai Yuhsin
Published: January 2025

A phase shift in the acoustic oscillations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectra is a characteristic signature for the presence of non-photon radiation propagating differently from photons, even when the radiation couples to the Standard Model particles solely gravitationally. It is well-established that compared to the presence of free-streaming radiation, CMB spectra shift to higher ℓ-modes in the presence of self-interacting non-photon radiation such as neutrinos and dark radiation. In this study, we further demonstrate that the scattering of non-photon radiation with dark matter can further amplify this phase shift. We show that when the energy density of the interacting radiation surpasses that of interacting dark matter around matter-radiation equality, the phase shift enhancement is proportional to the interacting dark matter abundance and remains insensitive to the radiation energy density. Given the presence of dark matter-radiation interaction, this additional phase shift emerges as a generic signature of models featuring an interacting dark sector or neutrino-dark matter scattering. Using neutrino-dark matter scattering as an example, we numerically calculate the amplified phase shift and offer an analytical interpretation of the result by modeling photon and neutrino perturbations with coupled harmonic oscillators. This framework also explains the phase shift contrast between self-interacting and free-streaming neutrinos. Fitting models with neutrino-dark matter or dark radiation-dark matter interactions to CMB and large-scale structure data, we validate the presence of the enhanced phase shift, affirmed by the linear dependence observed between the preferred regions of the sound horizon angle θ

s
and interacting dark matter abundance. An increased θ

s
and a suppressed matter power spectrum is therefore a generic feature of models containing dark matter scattering with abundant dark radiation.
Modal Noise Mitigation and Scrambling Performance of a Compound Scrambler
Authors: Yan Yunxiang , Pang Yuchen , Peng Zifu , Sun Kangquan , Liu Han , Ma Zhenyu , Guo Qiang , Liu Yongjun , Sun Weimin
Published: January 2025

Fiber scrambling is integral to high-precision calibration systems for radial velocity (RV) measurements, crucial in the quest for exoplanet discovery. Coherent light sources, like laser frequency combs, often induce laser speckles, a form of modal noise, which can result in spectra calibration errors. The starlight collected in astronomical observations is often polychromatic light. This study investigates the speckle-like mode noise generated under incoherent light, identifying a clear correlation between fiber length and the intensity of this noise. Remarkably, experiments using LED illumination showed that fibers shorter than 2 m exhibit significant speckle-like noise, manifesting as distinctive ripple-like structures, a newly identified phenomenon referred to as modal patterns. Mitigation techniques, including squeezing and vibrating methods, can reduce contrast and suppress modal patterns effectively. To further enhance scrambling performance, a novel fiber scrambling approach, the compound scrambler, is proposed. This design integrates laser polishing, thermal heating, and fiber tapering techniques to enhance near-field uniformity. Utilizing a combination of non-circular and graded index fibers, the compound scrambler achieves notable improvements in scrambling gain (SG). A refined nondestructive fabrication method, leveraging the superior scrambling effect of non-circular fibers and the efficiency of adiabatic taper structures, achieves a high SG of 1064. These findings contribute to advancing high-precision spectrograph design, offering practical solutions to enhance RV measurement accuracy. The compound scrambler's integrity and modular design promise stability, longevity, and scalability, holding immense potential for astronomical instrumentation.
Shear viscoelasticity in anisotropic holographic axion model
Authors: Li Wei-Jia , Kuang Xiaomei
Published: January 2025

In this work, we investigate the shear elasticity and the shear viscosity in a simple holographic axion model with broken translational symmetry and rotational symmetry in space via the perturbation computation. We find that, in the case of spontaneous symmetry breaking, the broken translations and anisotropy both enhance the shear elasticity of the system. While in all cases, the broken symmetries introduce a double suppression on the shear viscosity, which is in contrast to the result from the study of the p-wave holographic superfluid where the shear viscosity is enhanced when the rotational symmetry is broken spontaneously.
Topological transmission and topological corner states combiner in all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals
Authors: Sun Ming , Xu Xiao-Fang , Shen Yun-Feng , Chang Ya-Qing , Zhou Wen-Ji
Published: January 2025

We study the topological states (TSs) of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals (VPCs). Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring dielectric columns in the unit cell, which triggers topological phase transitions and thus achieves topological edge states (TESs) and topological corner states (TCSs). The results demonstrate that this structure has efficient photon transmission characteristics and anti-scattering robustness. In particular, we have found that changing the type of edge splicing between VPCs with different topological properties produces a change in the frequency of TCSs, and then based on this phenomenon, we have used a new method of adjusting only the type of edge splicing of the structure to design a novel TCSs combiner that can integrate four TCSs with different frequencies. This work not only expands the variety and number of unexplored TCSs that may exist in a fixed photonic band gap and can be rationalized to be selectively excited in the fixed configuration. Our study provides a feasible pathway for the design of integrated optical devices in which multiple TSs coexist in a single photonic system.
AECuration: Automated event curation for spike sorting
Authors: Li Xiang , Reddy Jay W , Jain Vishal , Forssell Mats , Ahmed Zabir , Chamanzar Maysamreza
Published: January 2025

Spike sorting is a commonly used analysis method for identifying single-units and multi-units from extracellular recordings. The extracellular recordings contain a mixture of signal components, such as neural and non-neural events, possibly due to motion and breathing artifacts or electrical interference. Identifying single and multi-unit spikes using a simple threshold-crossing method may lead to uncertainty in differentiating the actual neural spikes from non-neural spikes. The traditional method for classifying neural and non-neural units from spike sorting results is manual curation by a trained person. This subjective method suffers from human error and variability and is further complicated by the absence of ground truth in experimental extracellular recordings. Moreover, the manual curation process is time consuming and is becoming intractable due to the growing size and complexity of extracellular datasets. To address these challenges, we, for the first time, present a novel automatic curation method based on an autoencoder model, which is trained on features of simulated extracellular spike waveforms. The model is then applied to experimental electrophysiology datasets, where the reconstruction error is used as the metric for classifying neural and non-neural spikes. As an alternative to the traditional frequency domain and statistical techniques, our proposed method offers a time-domain evaluation model to automate the analysis of extracellular recordings based on learned time-domain features. The model exhibits excellent performance and throughput when applied to real-world extracellular datasets without any retraining, highlighting its generalizability. This method can be integrated into spike sorting pipelines as a pre-processing filtering step or a post-processing curation method.
Upgrade of the CMS Drift Tube electronics for the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Redondo I. ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: January 2025

The electronics of the CMS Drift Tubes (DT) chambers will be replaced to operate during High Luminosity (HL-LHC). In the upgraded architecture, optical links (lpGBT, VTRX+) send all signals to the backend, where complex logic running on FPGAs will process the data within trigger latency with precision enough to profit from the full chamber resolution, which in the present system is only possible offline. One of the sixty sectors of the detector was instrumented with the final version of the front-end boards (OBDTs, in two types) during the Winter stop 2022–23. After commissioning and integrating this setup in CMS operations during 2023, its stability has been tested in 2024 LHC collisions. Performance during 2024 campaign is summarized.
The services chain for the upgrade of the Inner Tracker Pixel detector of the ATLAS experiment. Full services from pixel modules to optical readout for the Outer Barrel sub-system
Authors: Zografos A. , Buytaert J. , Kuehn S. , Quadt A. , Skaf A. , Thys-dingou O.
Published: January 2025

For the high-luminosity upgrade of the ATLAS Inner Tracking detector, a new pixel detector will be installed to increase bandwidth and to cope with higher radiation, among other challenges. In this contribution, the design aspects and qualification of the data transmission from pixel modules to optical readout are presented. A focus is put on the data cable bundles and their performance for one of the Pixel sub-systems, the Outer Barrel. The development of a custom system for production testing of the bundles is discussed. Finally, in preparation of the detector integration, developments regarding functionality and connectivity testing are analyzed.
Resistive fine granularity Micromegas: characterization and performance for different spark protection resistive schemes
Authors: Alviggi M. , Biglietti M. , Camerlingo M.T. , Della Pietra M. , Di Donato C. , Di Nardo R. , Franchellucci S. , Iengo P. , Iodice M. , Petrucci F. , Sekhniaidze G. , Sessa M.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the presented work is the development of
single-stage amplification resistive Micro Pattern Gas Detectors
(MPGD) based on Micromegas technology with the following
characteristics: ability to efficiently operate up to 10 MHz/cm2
counting rate; scalability to large areas; fine granularity readout
with small pads of the order of mm2; good spatial and time
resolutions (below 100 um
and 10 ns, respectively). The miniaturization of the readout
elements and the optimization of the spark protection system, as
well as the stability and robustness under operation, are the
primary challenges of the project. Two families of resistive
patterns were realized using different techniques: pad-patterned
embedded resistors and double-layer of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC)
structures foils. The main difference between them is that for the
embedded resistors the charge is evacuated through independent pads,
for double-layer DLC the resistive layers are continuous and uniform
and the charge is evacuated through a network of dot-connections,
several millimetres apart. Using the DLC technique, a medium-size
detector with an active area of 400 cm2 was recently built and
tested, with the main results reported in this paper. Additionally,
a large module (40 cm2 x 50 cm2 active area), suitable
for tiling large systems in future experiments, has been
successfully realised and is currently undergoing testing and
performance studies.

The characterization and performance studies of the detectors were
conducted using radioactive sources and an X-rays generator, with
the detectors operated with various gas mixtures. A comparison of
the results obtained with different resistive layouts and
configurations is provided, with a particular focus on the response
under high-rate exposure. Key results on tracking and timing
performance from test-beam data for the latest constructed
medium-size detector are also presented.
Analysis of tail phenomena in micro-channel plate PMTs
Authors: Wu Qi , Ma Lishuang , Chen Lingyue , Lubsandorzhiev Bayarto K. , Qian Sen , Ushakov Nikita , Lubsandorzhiev Sultim
Published: January 2025

Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) employing micro-channel plate
(MCP) are a type of light-detection device designed for weak-light
conditions. The MCP multiplication structure has advantage over
traditional dynode structures due to its superior temporal
resolution and immunity to magnetic interference. The application of
atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology has significantly enhanced
the longevity of MCP-PMTs. Additionally, the collection efficiency
(CE) of MCP-PMTs is increased by coating the upper surface with high
secondary-electron emission materials. However, tails on charge and
transit time distribution are also observed which deteriorate the
charge and time resolution of the MCP-PMT. This can be explained by
the existance of the pre-multiplication events and elastically
recoiled events. In this paper, the waveforms for four types of
MCP-PMTs are analyzed, including the 20-inch MCP-PMT for JUNO, the
20-inch lotus-like MCP-PMT for LHAASO, the 2-inch 8×8-anodes
MCP-PMT and the 1-inch single-anode MCP-PMT. Under single-photon
detection environment, the full width at tenth maximum (FWTM) is
found to be an efficient parameter to realize the distinction of the
tails from the normal events for the 20-inch MCP-PMT. For the
small-sized FPMT, the origins for the tails in TT distribution is
also analyzed.
In-situ quality monitoring during embedded bioprinting using integrated microscopy and classical computer vision
Authors: Sergis Vasileios , Kelly Daniel , Pramanick Ankita , Britchfield Graham , Mason Karl , Daly Andrew C
Published: January 2025

Despite significant advances in bioprinting technology, current hardware platforms lack the capability for process monitoring and quality control. This limitation hampers the translation of the technology into industrial GMP-compliant manufacturing settings. As a key step towards a solution, we developed a novel bioprinting platform integrating a high-resolution camera for in-situ monitoring of extrusion outcomes during embedded bioprinting. Leveraging classical computer vision and image analysis techniques, we then created a custom software module for assessing print quality. This module enables quantitative comparison of printer outputs to input points of the computer-aided design model’s 2D projections, measuring area and positional accuracy. To showcase the platform’s capabilities, we then investigated compatibility with various bioinks, dyes, and support bath materials for both 2D and 3D print path trajectories. In addition, we performed a detailed study on how the rheological properties of granular support hydrogels impact print quality during embedded bioprinting, illustrating a practical application of the platform. Our results demonstrated that lower viscosity, faster thixotropy recovery, and smaller particle sizes significantly enhance print fidelity. This novel bioprinting platform, equipped with integrated process monitoring, holds great potential for establishing auditable and more reproducible biofabrication processes for industrial applications.
Corrigendum to “Influence of cyclic ignition and steady-state operation on a 1–2 A barium tungsten hollow cathode”
Authors: WANG 王 Fufeng 福锋 , MENG 孟 Tianhang 天航 , NING 宁 Zhongxi 中喜 , ZHU 朱 Ximing 悉铭
Published: January 2025

Figure 8(b) of the paper [Plasma Sci. Technol.
26 (2024) 125503] has been corrected. This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
The 14-3-3 protein CaTFT7 interacts with transcription factor CaHDZ27 to positively regulate pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Mou Shaoliang , Chen Xiaodan , Cai Jiao , Zhang Tingting , Luo Tong , He Shuilin
Published: January 2025

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating disease affecting plants in the Solanaceae family. In our previous study, CaHDZ27 was shown to act crucially in the pepper defense response to R. solanacearum. However, the molecular basis underlying CaHDZ27 function remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that CaHDZ27 is post-translationally regulated by the 14-3-3 protein CaTFT7, which functions as a positive regulator in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that CaTFT7 is transcriptionally induced by R. solanacearum infection. The data from virus-induced gene silencing revealed that CaTFT7 positively affects pepper immunity, which was further confirmed by the data of CaTFT7-overexpressing Nicotiana benthamiana. CaTFT7 interacted with CaHDZ27, thereby promoting the stability of CaHDZ27 and enhancing CaHDZ27 binding to the promoter of cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 5 (CaCRK5), a gene that positively affects pepper defense against R. solanacearum. The above data indicated that CaTFT7 enhanced CaHDZ27 stability and promoted its ability to activate pepper immunity, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying pepper resistance to bacterial wilt.
Symbiotic T6SS affects horizontal transmission of Paraburkholderia bonniea among Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba hosts
Authors: Chen Anna , Covitz Rachel M , Folsom Abigail A , Mu Xiangxi , Peck Ronald F , Noh Suegene
Published: January 2025

Three species of Paraburkholderia are able to form facultative symbiotic relationships with the amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. These symbiotic Paraburkholderia share a type VI secretion system (T6SS) that is absent in other close relatives. We tested the phenotypic and transcriptional effect of tssH ATPase gene disruption in P. bonniea on its symbiosis with D. discoideum. We hypothesized that the ∆tssH mutant would have a significantly reduced ability to affect host fitness or transmit itself from host to host. We found that the T6SS does not directly affect host fitness. Instead, wildtype P. bonniea had significantly higher rates of horizontal transmission compared to ∆tssH. In addition, we observed significant differences in the range of infection prevalence achieved by wildtype vs. ∆tssH symbionts over multiple host social stages in the absence of opportunities for environmental symbiont acquisition. Successful symbiont transmission significantly contributes to sustained symbiotic association. Therefore, the shared T6SS appears necessary for a long-term evolutionary relationship between D. discoideum and its Paraburkholderia symbionts. The lack of difference in host fitness outcomes was confirmed by indistinguishable host gene expression patterns between hosts infected by wildtype or ∆tssH P. bonniea in an RNA-seq time series. These data also provided insight into how Paraburkholderia symbionts may evade phagocytosis by its amoeba host. Most significantly, cellular oxidant detoxification and lysosomal hydrolase delivery appear to be subject to the push and pull of host-symbiont crosstalk.