bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Osteoid Osteomas
Authors: Li Ka , Li Jianmin , Li Zonghao , Yang Zhiping , Li Xin , Yang Qiang , Liu Yuantong , Li Zhenfeng
Published: April 2024

Objective

Percutaneous CT‐guided radiofrequency ablation (CT‐RFA) is a widely accepted procedure for treatment of osteoid osteomas. However, the application of CT‐RFA was restricted as a result of some drawbacks, such as radiation exposure, and inconvenience in general anesthesia. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra‐operative TiRobot‐assisted percutaneous RFA of osteoid osteomas.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 21 medical files of patients who were treated with percutaneous RFA of osteoid osteomas guided by the TiRobot system in our institution between March 2021 and April 2022. The three‐dimensional images obtained by a 3D C‐arm intra‐operatively were sent to the TiRobot system. The puncture point and trajectory were designed. Then the guide pin was positioned to the lesion with the assistance of TiRobot and the biopsy sheath was inserted into the lesion through the guide pin. The tumor was biopsied for pathological examination. Then the RFA needle was inserted into the nidus through the biopsy sheath for thermal ablation. Data were extracted on the associated complications, the reduction in pain at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). A paired t‐test was used to compare the pre‐operative and post‐operative VAS scores.

Results

The patients included 17 males and four females with a mean age of 19.5 ± 10.4 years (range 3–45 years). Lesions were located on the femur in nine cases, on the tibia in nine cases, on the humerus in one case, on the calcaneus in one case, and on the acetabulum in one case. TiRobot‐assisted percutaneous RFA was successfully performed on all 21 patients. There was no intra‐operative or post‐operative complications observed. Pathological diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was obtained in 11 patients, but the other 10 cases were not pathologically diagnosed. The mean follow‐up time was 18.8 months (range: 12–26 months).Post‐operative VAS scores were reduced significantly in all cases. The mean VAS score decreased from 6.5 pre‐operatively to 0.5 at 1 month post‐operatively and to 0.1 at 1 year post‐operatively.

Conclusion

As a reliable technique for localizing and resection of nidus, TiRobot‐assisted percutaneous RFA is a safe and effective option for the treatment of osteoid osteomas.
Clinical Outcomes Following Incomplete Arthroscopic Iliotibial Band Release for External Snapping Hip Syndrome: An Observational Study
Authors: Lim Eic Ju , Kim Ji Wan , Doh Chang Hyun , Kim Chul‐Ho
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Arthroscopic treatment is indicated for external snapping hip (ESH) syndrome in patients refractory to conservative treatment, but snapping does not disappear completely in some case. No previous studies have described the clinical course of ESH syndrome in patients who presented with persistent snapping after an arthroscopic procedure. We demonstrated the clinical outcomes following an incomplete arthroscopic iliotibial band (ITB) release for ESH syndrome.

Methods

This retrospective observational study was performed at two teaching hospitals between October 2015 and December 2021. We reviewed the data of 33 patients (34 hips) aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with ESH syndrome, who were treated with arthroscopic ITB release. Patients who presented with persistent snapping despite sufficient arthroscopic ITB release following systematic order were defined as having an incomplete release. We collected the data for recurrent symptomatic snapping hip as the primary outcome after a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified Harris hip (mHHS) scores were measured as secondary outcome.

Results

“Incomplete release” was identified in three of the 34 hips (8.9%). Cases of recurrent symptomatic snapping or conversion to open surgery were not observed. The symptoms of residual snapping spontaneously disappeared in all cases following routine postoperative rehabilitation within a 3‐month follow‐up period. The VAS (4 ± 1) and mHHS (17 ± 6) scores of all the patients improved.

Conclusion

When refractory ESH syndrome is identified during arthroscopic surgery, appropriate ITB release and removal of the major lesion causing snapping are expected to lead to resolution of residual symptoms without conversion to open surgery.
TaGSK3 regulates wheat development and stress adaptation through BR‐dependent and BR‐independent pathways
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Zhang Jialiang , Sun Shuyang , Huang Liuying , Niu Yaxin , Zhao Peng , Zhang Yuanfei , Shi Xue , Ji Wanquan , Xu Shengbao
Published: April 2024

The GSK3/SHAGGY‐like kinase plays critical roles in plant development and response to stress, but its specific function remains largely unknown in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we investigated the function of TaGSK3, a GSK3/SHAGGY‐like kinase, in wheat development and response to stress. Our findings demonstrated that TaGSK3 mutants had significant effects on wheat seedling development and brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. Quadruple and quintuple mutants showed amplified BR signalling, promoting seedling development, while a sextuple mutant displayed severe developmental defects but still responded to exogenous BR signals, indicating redundancy and non‐BR‐related functions of TaGSK3. A gain‐of‐function mutation in TaGSK3‐3D disrupted BR signalling, resulting in compact and dwarf plant architecture. Notably, this mutation conferred significant drought and heat stress resistance of wheat, and enhanced heat tolerance independent of BR signalling, unlike knock‐down mutants. Further research revealed that this mutation maintains a higher relative water content by regulating stomatal‐mediated water loss and maintains a lower ROS level to reduces cell damage, enabling better growth under stress. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the role of TaGSK3 in wheat development, stress response, and BR signal transduction, offering potential for modifying TaGSK3 to improve agronomic traits and enhance stress resistance in wheat.
Cell size and xylem differentiation regulating genes from Salicornia europaea contribute to plant salt tolerance
Authors: Lou Tengxue , Lv Sulian , Wang Jinhui , Wang Duoliya , Lin Kangqi , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Bo , Guo Zijing , Yi Ze , Li Yinxin
Published: April 2024

Cell wall is involved in plant growth and plays pivotal roles in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Cell wall remodelling may be crucial to salt adaptation in the euhalophyte Salicornia europaea. However, the mechanism underlying this process is still unclear. Here, full‐length transcriptome indicated cell wall‐related genes were comprehensively regulated under salinity. The morphology and cell wall components in S. europaea shoot were largely modified under salinity. Through the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, SeXTH2 encoding xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases, and two SeLACs encoding laccases were focused. Meanwhile, SeEXPB was focused according to expansin activity and the expression profiling. Function analysis in Arabidopsis validated the functions of these genes in enhancing salt tolerance. SeXTH2 and SeEXPB overexpression led to larger cells and leaves with hemicellulose and pectin content alteration. SeLAC1 and SeLAC2 overexpression led to more xylem vessels, increased secondary cell wall thickness and lignin content. Notably, SeXTH2 transgenic rice exhibited enhanced salt tolerance and higher grain yield. Altogether, these genes may function in the succulence and lignification process in S. europaea. This work throws light on the regulatory mechanism of cell wall remodelling in S. europaea under salinity and provides potential strategies for improving crop salt tolerance and yields.
2‐Mercaptonicotinoyl glycine, a new potent melanogenesis inhibitor, exhibits a unique mode of action while preserving melanocyte integrity
Authors: Sextius Peggy , Warrick Emilie , Prévot‐Guéguiniat Amélie , Lereaux Guillaume , Boirre Florence , Baux Ludwig , Hassine Safa Ben , Qiu Jie , Huang Xiaoming , Xu Jinzhu , Grégoire Sébastien , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Marat Xavier
Published: April 2024

Research on new ingredients that can prevent excessive melanin production in the skin while considering efficacy, safety but also environmental impact is of great importance to significantly improve the profile of existing actives on the market and avoid undesirable side effects. Here, the discovery of an innovative technology for the management of hyperpigmentation is described. High‐throughput screening tests on a wide chemical diversity of molecules and in silico predictive methodologies were essential to design an original thiopyridinone backbone and select 2‐mercaptonicotinoyl glycine (2‐MNG) as exhibiting the most favorable balance between the impact on water footprint, skin penetration potential and performance. The effectiveness of 2‐MNG was confirmed by topical application on pigmented reconstructed epidermis and human skin explants. In addition, experiments have shown that unlike most melanogenesis inhibitors on the market, this molecule is not a tyrosinase inhibitor. 2‐MNG binds to certain melanin precursors, preventing their integration into growing melanin and leading to inhibition of eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis, without compromising the integrity of melanocytes.
Single dominant lesion in capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) RASA1 syndrome
Authors: Sánchez‐Espino Luis Fernando , Ivars Marta , Prat Torres Carolina , Lavarino Cinzia E. , Olaciregui Nagore Gené , Zurriaga Carlota Rovira , Passini Verónica P. Celis , Serrano Miguel Bejarano , Baselga Eulàlia
Published: April 2024

We report two cases with localized vascular malformations clinically resembling the “dominant lesion” seen in capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) syndrome, however, lacking germline RASA1 variants but presenting double somatic RASA1 variants in affected tissue. Both patients presented with localized and superficial high‐flow vascular malformations were treated with surgery and laser therapy and showed partial resolution. The study underscores the rarity of somatic RASA1 variants, contributes to understanding the “second‐hit” pathophysiology in vascular lesions, and emphasizes the significance of clinical distinctions and genotyping for accurate diagnoses, offering implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counseling.
Domain specificity of error monitoring: An ERP study in young and older adults
Authors: Lenzoni Sabrina , Sumich Alexander L. , Mograbi Daniel C.
Published: April 2024

Metacognition refers to the ability to monitor and control one's cognitive processes, which plays an important role in decision‐making throughout the lifespan. It is still debated whether metacognitive abilities decline with age. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that metacognition is served by domain‐specific mechanisms. These domains may differentially decline with increasing age. The current investigates whether the error‐related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) which reflect error detection and error awareness, respectively, differ across perceptual and memory domains in young and older adults. In total, 38 young adults and 37 older adults completed a classic Flanker Task (perceptual) and an adapted memory‐based version. No difference in ERN amplitude was found between young and older adults and across domains. Perceptual ERN peaked earlier than Memory ERN. Memory ΔERN was larger than Perceptual ΔERN. Pe was smaller in older adults and ΔPe was larger for perceptual than memory flanker. Memory Pe peaked earlier in young as compared to older adults. Multivariate analyses of whole scalp data supported cross‐domain differences. During the task, ERN decreased in young but not in older adults. Memory Pe decreased in young adults but increased in older adults while no significant change in perceptual Pe was found. The study's findings suggest that neural correlates of error monitoring differ across cognitive domains. Moreover, it was shown that error awareness declines in old age but its within‐task dynamics vary across cognitive domains. Possible mechanisms underlying metacognition impairments in aging are discussed.
‘We are Patriots, not Fascists:’ Spanish Nationalism in 2017
Authors: Spangler Claire
Published: April 2024

The 2017 Catalan Independence Referendum prompted a historic resurgence of Spanish ‘centre’ nationalism. Such resurgence is indicative of a change in Spanish national identity as overt nationalism and is connotationally related to the Franco regime. This research focuses on the power and dissemination of newspaper narratives in the promotion and descriptions of such nationalism. Newspapers are discursively analysed to understand the decreasing reticence towards ‘centre’ nationalism in Spain, as evidenced by nationalist rhetoric and symbolism, and the significance of this change for the Spanish transition to democracy. It is found that the Catalan referendum inspired a strong counter‐reaction of dissociating centre‐periphery relations suggestive of pre‐democratic transition sentiments in the maintenance of the ‘centre’ as dominant and relegating the ‘periphery’ to its Franco‐era ‘threat’ status. Newspapers facilitated this shift in the nationalist narrative through their descriptions of the independence movement and the use of references and allusions to Spain's history and ‘near past.’
Effects of far‐infrared radiation lamp therapy on recovery from a simulated soccer‐match in elite female soccer players
Authors: Tseng Wei‐Chin , Nosaka Kazunori , Chou Tai‐Ying , Howatson Glyn , Chen Trevor C.
Published: April 2024

We investigated the effects of far‐infrared radiation (FIR) lamp therapy on changes in muscle damage and performance parameters following six sets of 15‐min Loughborough intermittent shuttle test (LIST), a simulated soccer match. Twenty‐four elite female soccer players (20–24 y) were assigned into FIR or sham treatment group (n = 12/group). The participants received a 60‐min FIR or sham treatment (30 min per muscle) over knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) at 2, 25, 49, 73, and 97 h post‐LIST. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque and muscle soreness of the KE and KF, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity as muscle damage markers, and several performance parameters including countermovement jump (CMJ) and Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1) were measured before and 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post‐LIST. Changes in the measures were compared between groups by a mixed‐design two‐way ANOVA. The running distance covered during LIST and changes in the measures at 1‐h post‐LIST (before the treatment) were similar (p = 0.118–0.371) between groups. Changes in muscle damage markers at 24–120 h post‐LIST were smaller (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.208–0.467) for the FIR (e.g., MVC‐KE torque decrease at 48‐h post‐LIST: −1 ± 2%, peak KE soreness: 16 ± 10 mm, peak CK: 172 ± 42 IU/L) than sham group (−11 ± 9%, 33 ± 7 mm, 466 ± 220 IU/L, respectively). Performance parameters recovered faster (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.142–0.308) to baseline for the FIR (e.g., decreases at 48‐h post‐LIST; CMJ: 0 ± 1%, YYIR1: 0 ± 1%) than sham group (−6 ± 2%, −9 ± 6%, respectively). These results suggest that the FIR lamp therapy was effective for enhancing recovery from a soccer match.
Identification of key genes and molecular mechanisms of chronic urticaria based on bioinformatics
Authors: Guo Haichao , Guo Lifang , Li Li , Li Na , Lin Xiaoyun , Wang Yanjun
Published: April 2024

Chronic urticaria (CU) is characterized by persistent skin hives, redness, and itching, enhanced by immune dysregulation and inflammation. Our main objective is identifying key genes and molecular mechanisms of chronic urticaria based on bioinformatics. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and retrieved two GEO datasets, GSE57178 and GSE72540. The raw data were extracted, pre‐processed, and analyzed using the GEO2R tool to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The samples were divided into two groups: healthy samples and CU samples. We defined cut‐off values of log2 fold change ≥1 and p < .05. Analyses were performed in the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), Metascape, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and CIBERSOFT databases. We obtained 1613 differentially expressed genes. There were 114 overlapping genes in both datasets, out of which 102 genes were up‐regulated while 12 were down‐regulated. The biological processes included activation of myeloid leukocytes, response to inflammations, and response to organic substances. Moreover, the KEGG pathways of CU were enriched in the Nuclear Factor‐Kappa B (NF‐kB) signaling pathway, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK‐STAT) signaling pathway. We identified 27 hub genes that were implicated in the pathogenesis of CU, such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), Prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM1). The complex interplay between immune responses, inflammatory pathways, cytokine networks, and specific genes enhances CU. Understanding these mechanisms paves the way for potential interventions to mitigate symptoms and improve the quality of life of CU patients.
Promotion of apoplastic oxidative burst by artificially selected GhCBSX3A enhances Verticillium dahliae resistance in upland cotton
Authors: Zhang Yihao , Yuan Yuan , Xi Hongfang , Zhang Yaning , Gao Chenxu , Ma Meng , Huang Qian , Li Fuguang , Yang Zhaoen
Published: April 2024

Verticillium wilt (VW) is a devasting disease affecting various plants, including upland cotton, a crucial fiber crop. Despite its impact, the genetic basis underlying cotton's susceptibility or defense against VW remains unclear. Here, we conducted a genome‐wide association study on VW phenotyping in upland cotton and identified a locus on A13 that is significantly associated with VW resistance. We then identified a cystathionine β‐synthase domain gene at A13 locus, GhCBSX3A, which was induced by Verticillium dahliae. Functional analysis, including expression silencing in cotton and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana, confirmed that GhCBSX3A is a causal gene at the A13 locus, enhancing SAR‐RBOHs‐mediated apoplastic oxidative burst. We found allelic variation on the TATA‐box of GhCBSX3A promoter attenuated its expression in upland cotton, thereby weakening VW resistance. Interestingly, we discovered that altered artificial selection of GhCBSX3A_R (an elite allele for VW) under different VW pressures during domestication and other improved processes allows specific human needs to be met. Our findings underscore the importance of GhCBSX3A in response to VW, and we propose a model for defense‐associated genes being selected depending on the pathogen's pressure. The identified locus and gene serve as promising targets for VW resistance enhancement in cotton through genetic engineering.
Insurgent envelopment: The emergency blanket and scenes of exposure at border zones
Authors: McCormack Derek
Published: April 2024

Critical engagement with spaces of exposure is an important research agenda in the contemporary social sciences and humanities. Developing and extending this agenda, this paper offers an account of how scenes of exposure at border zones are mediated materially, aesthetically, and politically by forms of envelopment. Specifically, it discusses the geographies of exposure and envelopment that unfold through the use and re‐use of the emergency blanket at these zones. Fabricated from metallised polymer films, emergency blankets are used commonly to provide thermal protection for bodies at risk of exposure in a range of situations. More than functional, however, these objects also have a distinctive aesthetic allure. By attending to the material and aesthetic qualities of the emergency blanket, this paper explores its visibility and significance in scenes of exposure at border zones. Highlighting how the blanket is deployed as a device of minimal comfort, the paper then considers artistic works that repurpose this object as part of a creative critique of conditions at these zones. Drawing on the work of Stacy Alaimo and Ronak Kapadia, among others, the paper develops the concept of insurgent envelopment to understand how artists use the emergency blanket in works that simultaneously foreground, disrupt, and reimagine relations between exposure and envelopment.
Psoroptes cuniculi infestation in pet rabbits in Tabasco, Mexico, 2021–2022
Authors: Uco Azamar Nora Guadalupe , Arjona Jiménez Guadalupe , Cruz Bacab Luis Eliezer , De la Cruz Reyes Hernán Everardo
Published: April 2024

Background

Rabbits are an important worldwide meat‐ and fibre‐producing animal, and they are popular pets. The rabbit ear mite, Psoroptes cuniculi, causes severe dermatological disease. Epidemiological data on P. cuniculi infestations are important for public health.

Objective

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of P. cuniculi infestation in pet rabbits and evaluate epidemiological factors associated with infestation.

Animals

Two hundred pet rabbits presented for veterinary care between 2021 and 2022.

Materials and Methods

Physical examination, otoscopy and microscopy were used for ear mite identification. Association with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), breed, feeding and housing management was analysed.

Results

Of the 200 rabbits, 59 (29.5%) were positive for P. cuniculi. Only female sex had a positive association with P. cuniculi.

Conclusions and Clinical Significance

Psoroptes cuniculi in pet rabbits has a similar frequency to that reported in meat‐producing rabbits, and female sex had a positive association.
Buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in five male dogs with penile urethral stricture at the bulbus glandis
Authors: Jareonsuppaperch Athipot , Assawateerakiat Thepsopa , Sasaki Nobuo , Yippaditr Wanchart
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility of correcting penile urethral strictures at the bulbus glandis using buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty in dogs.

Study design

Prospective clinical trial.

Animals

Five male dogs with urethral strictures located at the bulbus glandis.

Methods

Urethrotomy was performed throughout the entire length of the urethral stricture including ~0.5 cm healthy urethra proximal and distal. The scarred tissue and unhealthy mucosa of the strictured urethra were completely excised. The graft was harvested from the buccal mucosa and tubularized at the stricture site using a urethral catheter as the skeleton. The catheter was maintained for 14 days after surgery and removed when no urethral leakage was identified on a positive‐contrast retrograde urethrogram. The dogs were discharged after spontaneous urination was confirmed. Six months postoperative follow‐up was completed for all dogs with repeated positive contrast urethrogram and an owner questionnaire to score urinary function and quality of life.

Results

The five dogs recovered well following surgery and only one dog experienced a minor complication. All dogs were able to urinate normally after catheter removal. No evidence of leakage was identified on a 14 day postoperative retrograde positive contrast urethrogram and clinically at a median follow‐up time of 182 days (range, 182–186). All owners scored the urinary function as excellent and ranked their satisfaction very high 6 months after the procedure.

Conclusion

Buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty has positive outcomes for dogs with penile urethral strictures.
Investigating the weekend effect in decompressive thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy for acute intervertebral disc extrusion: An observational cohort study of 460 cases (2018–2023)
Authors: Low Daniel , Rutherford Scott
Published: April 2024

Objective

To investigate if weekend surgery is associated with poorer outcomes in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) undergoing decompressive thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy.

Study design

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Sample population

A total of 460 consecutive cases were reviewed, with 401 dogs undergoing weekday surgery (Cohort WD), and 59 dogs undergoing weekend surgery (Cohort WE).

Methods

Medical records of a surgical referral center in the UK were reviewed. Preoperative patient demographic and clinical data, and postoperative outcome data were collected with a minimum 28‐day follow‐up period. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the odds of a negative outcome.

Results

Cohort WE had a higher preoperative proportion of nonambulatory dogs (p = .0115) but there were no significant differences between the nonambulatory (p = .3762) and deep‐pain negative subgroups (p = .6199). Cohort WE had a higher risk of not recovering ambulation compared to Cohort WD [79.2% vs. 91.6% recovery; adjusted OR 3.010 (95% CI: 1.259–7.190); p = .0132] and had a higher risk of postoperative morbidity [32.2% vs. 17.2%; adjusted OR 2.015 (95% CI: 1.089–3.729); p = .0257]. There were no significant differences in other outcome measures between cohorts.

Conclusion

Weekend surgery in canine decompressive thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy may be associated with poorer patient outcomes, specifically higher postoperative morbidity and a poorer rate of recovery of ambulation.

Clinical significance

This study demonstrates a weekend effect in veterinary surgery, which may be important in surgical decision‐making in acute thoracolumbar IVDE. Further scrutiny of the patient's journey through the veterinary healthcare system is warranted.
Untangling deep‐sea corals systematics: Description of a new family, Stephanocyathidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia), through a genomic approach
Authors: Vaga Claudia Francesca , Seiblitz Isabela Galvao de Lossio e , Capel Katia Cristina Cruz , Quattrini Andrea M. , Stolarski Jaroslaw , Cairns Stephen D. , Kitahara Marcelo Visentini
Published: April 2024

Once considered the most speciose mostly azooxanthellate scleractinian group, the family Caryophylliidae is found to be highly polyphyletic based on molecular data and is undergoing a process of systematic revision. High‐throughput sequencing methods coupled with morphological analyses have facilitated revision of several scleractinian lineages, including the aforementioned family. In previous studies that relied on few mitochondrial and nuclear markers, the caryophylliid genera Stephanocyathus and Vaughanella were phylogenetically recovered in separate clades from the lineage that includes the type genus of the family, Caryophyllia, which is considered the ‘true’ Caryophylliidae. To help untangle the relationship among taxa of this family, here a new deep‐sea scleractinian family (Stephanocyathidae Vaga, Cairns & Kitahara fam. nov.) is proposed based on phylogenomic reconstructions coupled with molecular features, specifically gene order, of the complete mitochondrial genome. Evolutionary reconstructions were based on both mitochondrial and nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and exon loci data sets and confirmed the divergent position of the genera Stephanocyathus and Vaughanella. The new family shows a specific gene transposition in the mitochondrial genome, not present in the ‘true’ caryophylliid lineage, but instead already observed for the species Paraconotrochus antarcticus, recovered as sister taxon of the here proposed new family. Although its phylogenetic position is unknown, the genus Ericiocyathus is also added to the new family, based on macromorphological similarities. This study represents a step forward in our understanding of deep‐sea corals relationships and provide further information (e.g., mitochondrial gene order) that will aid in future efforts of assessing the systematic of caryophylliid lineages.
A Kinematic Synthesis Methodology for P-Drivable Spatial Single Degree-of-Freedom Mechanisms to Avoid Singularities
Authors: Khan Mohammad Z. , Liu Jian , Myszka David H. , Murray Andrew P.
Published: April 2024

For a single degree-of-freedom spatial mechanism, a reference frame attached to any of its links produces a continuous motion of this frame. Given the progression of this frame from the start through the end of the mechanism’s motion, this paper seeks to identify specific points relative to this moving reference frame. The points of interest are those that can be coupled with a second point determined in the fixed frame to act as the end joint locations for a spherical–prismatic–spherical (SPS) driving chain. If the selection of the point pair is made such that the change in distance between them as the mechanism moves is strictly monotonic, then the SPS chain they define is potentially capable of driving the mechanism over the desired range of motion. This motion is referred to as locally P-drivable because a global solution is not ensured by the process proposed herein. This synthesis process can avoid singularities encountered by actuating the mechanism at one of its original joints. The proposed approach enables the dimensional synthesis of a single degree-of-freedom mechanism to focus on creating circuit-defect-free solutions without concern for potential singular positions. The actuating chain can then be determined as a separate step in the synthesis process. This paper also considers motions that are not P-drivable and the specialization to planar systems with the synthesis of a P-drivable revolute–prismatic–revolute (RPR) chain.
A reexamination of the Cox–Merz rule through the lens of recovery rheology
Authors: Shim Yul Hui , Griebler James J. , Rogers Simon A.
Published: April 2024

Empirical rules play a crucial role in industrial and experimental settings for efficiently determining the rheological properties of materials, thereby saving both time and resources. An example is the Cox–Merz rule, which equates the steady-shear viscosity with the magnitude of the complex viscosity obtained in oscillatory tests. This empirical rule provides access to the steady-shear viscosity that is useful for processing conditions without the instabilities associated with experiments at high shear rates. However, the Cox–Merz rule is empirical and has been shown to work in some cases and fail in others. The underlying connection between the different material functions remains phenomenological and the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the rheological physics allows for ambiguity to persist in the interpretation of material responses. In this work, we revisit the Cox–Merz rule using recovery rheology, which decomposes the strain into recoverable and unrecoverable components. When viewed through the lens of recovery rheology, it is clearly seen that the steady-shear viscosity comes from purely unrecoverable acquisition of strain, while the complex viscosity is defined in terms of contributions from both recoverable and unrecoverable components. With recovery tests in mind, we elucidate why the Cox–Merz rule works only in a limited set of conditions and present an approach that could allow for universal comparisons to be made. This work further highlights the significance of recovery rheology by showing how it is possible to extend beyond phenomenological approaches through clear rheophysical metrics obtained by decomposing the material response into recoverable and unrecoverable components.
The Effect of Insurance Type on Time to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Pediatric Patients: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Tucker Alexis P. , Norcross Marc F. , Hannigan Kimberly S. , Johnson Samuel T.
Published: April 2024

Clinical Scenario: Delay in surgery for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries increases the risk of complications including secondary injuries. Previous research has shown individuals with public insurance have greater delays in care for a variety of health conditions. Clinical Question: In pediatric patients with ACL injuries, is the time from injury to surgery longer for patients with public insurance than patients with private insurance? Summary of Key Findings: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported a greater wait time for surgery in pediatric patients with public insurance. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence indicating that there is a delay in ACL surgery for pediatric patients with public insurance compared to those with private insurance. Strength of Recommendation: Grade B evidence exists that there is a delay in surgery for ACL injuries in pediatric patients with public insurance compared to those with private insurance.
Parenting Practices Are Associated With Out-of-School Physical Activity in US Adolescents in 2014
Authors: Hiya Farhan , Lamour Jean-Paul M. , Khan Anwar A. , Wood Robert , Rodriguez de la Vega Pura E. , Castro Grettel , Ruiz Juan G. , Barengo Noel C.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Lack of physical activity (PA) is associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Parenting practices influence PA in young children. However, there is little evidence available for adolescents. We examined whether parenting practices were associated with out-of-school PA (OSPA) in US adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional 2019 study analyzed data from the 2014 FLASHE study, a web-based, quota-sampled survey of parent–adolescent dyads. Inclusion required survey completion and parents to live with their teen (ages 12–17 y old). Physically limited adolescents were excluded. Dyads were stratified by teen age. Exposures included parental modeling, monitoring, facilitation, restriction, guided choice, and pressure. The outcomes of interest were OSPA Youth Activity Profile scores. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using adjusted logistic regressions. Results: A total of 1109 dyads were included. Guided choice increased odds of OSPA for 15- to 17-year-olds (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.17–3.84). Facilitation increased odds of OSPA for 12- to 14-year-olds (OR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.13–4.33). Monitoring decreased odds of OSPA for 15- to 17-year-olds (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20–0.57) and 12- to 14-year-olds (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27–0.74). Friend support increased odds of OSPA in 15- to 17-year-olds (OR = 4.03; 95% CI, 2.29–7.08) and 12- to 14-year-olds (OR = 3.05; 95% CI 1.69–5.51). Conclusion: Future interventions should prioritize (1) shared decision making for older teens, (2) access to PA opportunities for younger adolescents, and (3) promoting peer PA and friend support for everyone.
Utilizing Specification Grading in Sport Management Classes
Authors: Fierke Kimberly L.
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the use of specification grading in sport management courses. The process organizes assignments around grading bundles and evaluates students as either Satisfactory or Unsatisfactory in meeting each assignment. A token system is created to provide flexibility to the students. There are advantages to using specification grading. For example, it empowers students to choose their grade, reduces stress and worry over “points,” allows students the opportunity to resubmit Unsatisfactory assignments, and provides a sense of freedom to the instructor through the feedback to students. This paper explores the process of creating the specification grading method in a class and reflecting on implementation and utilization of the method in undergraduate sport management classes.
Establishment of replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus recapitulating SADS-CoV entry
Authors: Zhu Zihui , Han Yutong , Gong Mingli , Sun Bo , Zhang Rong , Ding Qiang
Published: April 2024

Zoonotic coronaviruses pose a continuous threat to human health, with newly identified bat-borne viruses like swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causing high mortality in piglets.
In vitro
studies indicate that SADS-CoV can infect cell lines from diverse species, including humans, highlighting its potential risk to human health. However, the lack of tools to study viral entry, along with the absence of vaccines or antiviral therapies, perpetuates this threat. To address this, we engineered an infectious molecular clone of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), replacing its native glycoprotein (G) with SADS-CoV spike (S) and inserting a Venus reporter at the 3′ leader region to generate a replication-competent rVSV-Venus-SADS S virus. Serial passages of rVSV-Venus-SADS S led to the identification of an 11-amino-acid truncation in the cytoplasmic tail of the S protein, which allowed more efficient viral propagation due to increased cell membrane anchoring of the S protein. The S protein was integrated into rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11 particles, susceptible to neutralization by sera from SADS-CoV S1 protein-immunized rabbits. Additionally, we found that TMPRSS2 promotes SADS-CoV spike-mediated cell entry. Furthermore, we assessed the serum-neutralizing ability of mice vaccinated with rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11 using a prime-boost immunization strategy, revealing effective neutralizing antibodies against SADS-CoV infection. In conclusion, we have developed a safe and practical tool for studying SADS-CoV entry and exploring the potential of a recombinant VSV-vectored SADS-CoV vaccine.

IMPORTANCE

Zoonotic coronaviruses, like swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), pose a continual threat to human and animal health. To combat this, we engineered a safe and efficient tool by modifying the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), creating a replication-competent rVSV-Venus-SADS S virus. Through serial passages, we optimized the virus for enhanced membrane anchoring, a key factor in viral propagation. This modified virus, rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11, proved susceptible to neutralization, opening avenues for potential vaccines. Additionally, our study revealed the role of TMPRSS2 in SADS-CoV entry. Mice vaccinated with rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11 developed potent neutralizing antibodies against SADS-CoV. In conclusion, our work presents a secure and practical tool for studying SADS-CoV entry and explores the promise of a recombinant VSV-vectored SADS-CoV vaccine.
Quantum hash function based on continuous quantum walks
Authors: Shi Wei-Min , Tian Pan , Wang Shou , Yang Yu-Guang , Zhou Yi-Hua
Published: April 2024

A method of constructing a quantum hash function (QHF) based on continuous-time quantum walk is proposed, in which the time of quantum walk is controlled by the binary string message, namely, a binary string message as the input of the constructed QHF and the probability value of finally walking to the nodes on the cycle is used as the output of the QHF. Numerical simulation and performance analysis show that our QHF has obvious advantages in the efficiency of the QHF compared with the existing QHF based on the discrete-time quantum walk, that is, the efficiency of our scheme is nearly 4 times faster in computing the hash value of the same size file compared with the most efficient scheme. Besides, the QHF has also better collision resistance compared with the existing QHF based on the discrete-time quantum walk.
Examining the influence of hadronic interactions on the directed flow of identified particles in RHIC Beam Energy Scan energies using UrQMD model
Authors: Sahoo Aswini Kumar , Dixit Prabhupada , Nasim Md , Singha Subhash
Published: April 2024

The directed flow of identified particles can serve as a sensitive tool for investigating the interactions during initial and final states in heavy ion collisions. This study examines the rapidity distribution ([Formula: see text]), rapidity-odd directed flow ([Formula: see text]) and its slope ([Formula: see text]) for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], p, and [Formula: see text] in Au+Au collisions at different collision centralities and beam energies ([Formula: see text], 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39[Formula: see text]GeV) using the UrQMD model. We investigate the impact of late-stage hadronic interactions on charge-dependent [Formula: see text] and its slope by modifying the duration of the hadronic cascade lifetime ([Formula: see text]). The energy dependence of [Formula: see text] for p ([Formula: see text]) exhibits distinct pattern compared to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Notably, we observe a change in the sign reversal position of proton [Formula: see text] at different beam energies with varying [Formula: see text] in central and mid-central collisions. Moreover, the difference in [Formula: see text] between positively and negatively charged hadrons ([Formula: see text]) demonstrates a stark centrality dependence for different particle species. The deuteron displays a significant increase in [Formula: see text] with increasing [Formula: see text] compared to p and n. This investigation underscores the importance of considering the temporal evolution and duration of the hadronic phase when interpreting the sign reversal, charge splitting of [Formula: see text] and light nuclei formation at lower RHIC energies.
Improved empirical formula for spontaneous fission half-lives
Authors: Babu A. V. Mahesh , Dhananjaya N. , Manjunatha H. C. , Sowmya N. , Nagaraja A. M.
Published: April 2024

The spontaneous fission (SF) half-lives of all 96 experimentally accessible SF emitters were examined. The SF emitters are classified as even Z-even A, odd Z-even A, odd Z-odd A and even Z-odd A. A plot of [Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text] demonstrates a straight line, where k is variable. The [Formula: see text] values produced in this study are compared to all other semi-empirical relations such as Ren et al., [Nucl. Phys. A 759, 64 (2005)], Xu et al., [Phys. Rev. C 78, 044329 (2008)], Santhosh et al., [Nucl. Phys. A 832, 220 (2010)] and Karpov et al., [Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 21, 1250013 (2012)] available in the literature. When compared to earlier semi-empirical equations accessible in the literature, the new formula shows reduced uncertainty in standard deviation in the case of Odd Z-even A and even Z-Odd A nuclei. When compared to other sets of combinations (even Z-even A, and odd Z-odd A nuclei), this study more accurately reproduces the experimental SF half-lives for even Z-odd A and odd Z-even A nuclei with smaller [Formula: see text] in the atomic number range 9[Formula: see text]12 and mass number range 23[Formula: see text]84.
Probing the speed of gravitational waves beyond general relativity from CMB observations
Authors: Li Jun , Guo Guang-Hai , Zu Yongcan
Published: April 2024

In modified gravity theories, gravitational waves can propagate differently from general relativity and their propagating speed can be either constant or acquire a time dependence. We consider the constant models first and update the constraints on cosmological parameters from the combinations of [Formula: see text] datasets. In this case, excluding superluminal propagation, we obtain the lower limit on the speed [Formula: see text] at 95% C.L. A non-trivial propagating speed impacts the amplitude of tensor spectrum by adding a factor [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the tensor tilt. We find that the value of [Formula: see text] has positive correlation with the tensor-to-scalar ratio and anti-correlation with the factor [Formula: see text]. Then we explore a time-dependent speed which contains the resonance of the stochastic gravitational wave background. If the speed of gravitational waves oscillates at primordial era, resonance continuously enhances stochastic gravitational wave background which produces observable effects on tensor power spectra. We derive the constraints on the amplitude of oscillatory speed and tensor parameters from the combinations of [Formula: see text] datasets. The numerical results show that the speed resonance of the stochastic gravitational wave background is sensitive to CMB observations.
A study of trends of neutron skin thickness and proton radii of mirror nuclei within the framework of covariant density functional theory
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Kaur Sarabjeet , Thakur Virender , Kumar Raj , Dhiman Shashi K.
Published: April 2024

The neutron skin of atomic nuclei impacts the structure of neutron-rich nuclei, but its accurate measurement is quite challenging. We present predictions for neutron skins and proton radii for light to medium mass nuclei by employing Covariant Density Functional Theory (CDFT) based on density-dependent meson-exchange interaction. Using our microscopic predictions, we find a linear correlation between the neutron skin and the isospin asymmetry. The calculations are also extended to find a linear relationship between proton and neutron radii of mirror nuclei. Using the charge symmetry property of nuclear forces, a correlation between the neutron skin of neutron-rich nuclei and difference between the proton radii of the corresponding mirror pair has also been investigated. The inclusion of ISB term is found to affect the mirror difference charge radii of [Formula: see text]Ca-[Formula: see text]Ni mirror pair.
Domain Adaptation and Generalization of Functional Medical Data: A Systematic Survey of Brain Data
Authors: Sarafraz Gita , Behnamnia Armin , Hosseinzadeh Mehran , Balapour Ali , Meghrazi Amin , Rabiee Hamid R.
Published: April 2024

Despite the excellent capabilities of machine learning algorithms, their performance deteriorates when the distribution of test data differs from the distribution of training data. In medical data research, this problem is exacerbated by its connection to human health, expensive equipment, and meticulous setups. Consequently, achieving domain generalizations and domain adaptations under distribution shifts is an essential step in the analysis of medical data. As the first systematic review of domain generalization and domain adaptation on functional brain signals, the article discusses and categorizes various methods, tasks, and datasets in this field. Moreover, it discusses relevant directions for future research.
Ethical Computing Instruction
Authors: Sutcliffe Christina
Published: April 2024

"Why weren't we taught this earlier?" This question, posed by a college Junior in response to discussions of Ethical Computing, gave me hope. After all, it demonstrates the underlying frustration the student is experiencing while trying to internalize ethical concepts and align them with previous instruction. I wish all my computer science students faced that dilemma.
Non-Invasive Measurement of Impedance Spectra Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Schuller A. , Schmidt T. J. , Eller J.
Published: April 2024

Localized measurement of the impedance distribution in an operating polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack is of great importance in providing information on its state of health and performance. However, the current methods’ invasiveness is a brake to a more widespread utilization. This work presents a non-invasive way to measure and interpret local impedance spectra. It is based on local AC current supply and local voltage measurements performed all around the cell via conductive pins contacting the outer surface of the flow fields. The different local spectra are measured on a single cell within a 200 cm2 six-cell stack under different operation conditions and compared to a reference case with homogeneous current density. A simple equivalent electrical circuit is used to fit the impedance spectra and to extract membrane and charge transfer resistance. The variations of these two values are analyzed at five different positions along the channel for different cathode stoichiometries and gas flow configurations.