bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seizure outcome determinants in children after surgery for single unilateral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging: Role of preoperative ictal and interictal electroencephalography
Authors: Castro‐Villablanca Felipe , Moeller Friederike , Pujar Suresh , D'Arco Felice , Scott Rod C. , Tahir M. Zubair , Tisdall Martin , Cross J. Helen , Eltze Christin
Published: September 2022

Objective

To determine whether an ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recording as part of presurgical evaluation of children with a demarcated single unilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion is indispensable for surgical decision‐making, we investigated the relationship of interictal/ictal EEG and seizure semiology with seizure‐free outcome.

Methods

Data were obtained retrospectively from consecutive patients (≤18 years old) undergoing epilepsy surgery with a single unilateral MRI lesion at our institution over a 6‐year period. Video‐telemetry EEG (VT‐EEG) was classified as concordant or nonconcordant/noninformative in relation to the MRI lesion location. The odds of seizure‐free outcome associated with nonconcordant versus concordant for semiology, interictal EEG, and ictal EEG were compared separately. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to correct for confounding variables.

Results

After a median follow‐up of 26 months (interquartile range = 17–37.5), 73 (69%) of 117 children enrolled were seizure‐free. Histopathological diagnoses included low‐grade epilepsy‐associated tumors, n = 46 (39%); focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), n = 33 (28%); mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), n = 23 (20%); polymicrogyria, n = 3 (3%); and nondiagnostic findings/gliosis, n = 12 (10%). The odds of seizure freedom were lower with a nonconcordant interictal EEG (odds ratio [OR] = .227, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .079–.646, p = .006) and nonconcordant ictal EEG (OR = .359, 95% CI = .15–.878, p = .035). In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors predicting lower odds for seizure‐free outcome were developmental delay/intellectual disability and higher number of antiseizure medications tried, with a nonsignificant trend for “nonconcordant interictal EEG.” In the combined subgroup of patients with FCD and tumors (n = 79), there was no significant relationship of VT‐EEG factors and seizure outcomes, whereas in children with MTS and acquired lesions (n = 25), a nonconcordant EEG was associated with poorer seizure outcomes (p = .003).

Significance

An ictal EEG may not be mandatory for presurgical evaluation, particularly when a well‐defined single unilateral MRI lesion has been identified and the interictal EEG is concordant.
Non‐stationary effects of multiple drivers on the dynamics of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus, Clupeidae)
Authors: Ma Shuyang , Fu Caihong , Li Jianchao , Sun Peng , Liu Yang , Ye Zhenjiang , Watanabe Yoshiro , Tian Yongjun
Published: September 2022

Non‐stationary driver‐response relationships are increasingly being recognized by scientists, underlining that a paradigm shift out of conventional stationary relationships is crucial. Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus, Clupeidae) is a typical small pelagic fish in the northwestern Pacific with considerable fluctuations in productivity, bringing about great economic and ecological concerns. Numerous studies suggest that the population dynamics of Japanese sardine is an integrated process affected by multiple density‐dependent, fishing and climatic drivers. However, little has hitherto been done to incorporate the non‐stationary effects of multiple drivers, impeding progresses in understanding the population dynamics and in developing management strategies. In this study, we adopted variable coefficients generalized additive models to reveal the non‐stationary effects of density dependence, fishing pressure and climatic conditions on the population dynamics of Japanese sardine. Results suggest that the dynamics of Japanese sardine from 1976 to 2018 could be divided into four periods: the 1980s when suitable climatic conditions from strong Siberian High pressure system sustained high abundance; the 1990s when negative density‐dependent effects and degrading climatic conditions due to temperature increase led to population collapse; the 2000s when negative triple effects, particularly high fishing pressure, restricted the population increase; and the 2010s when favourable climatic conditions with re‐strengthening Siberian High pressure system accompanied by low fishing pressure contributed to the population recovery. The study highlights that precise identifications of population status and climatic conditions are helpful to achieve good trade‐offs between resource exploitation and protection and to facilitate ecosystem‐based management for Japanese sardine fisheries.
Couple therapy in the 2020s: Current status and emerging developments
Authors: Lebow Jay , Snyder Douglas K.
Published: September 2022

This paper provides a critical analysis and synthesis of the current status and emerging developments in contemporary couple therapy. Its narrative centers on the evolution of couple therapy into a prominent intervention modality and coherent body of practice. The review begins with the consideration of the field's strong empirical underpinnings derived from research on couple therapy and basic relational science. Couple therapy comprises the widely accepted method for reducing relationship distress and enhancing relationship quality. Moreover, both as a stand‐alone intervention and in conjunction with other treatment formats, couple‐based interventions have garnered considerable empirical support for their effectiveness in addressing a broad spectrum of specific relational dysfunctions as well as individual emotional and physical health problems. We highlight the convergence of methods through common factors, shared strategies, and remarkably similar arrangements across approaches. Our review also points to key differences among approaches, the importance of recognizing respective strengths and limitations linked to these differences, and building on differences across models when selecting and tailoring interventions for a given couple. The discussion concludes with a consideration of recent trends in the field including the impact of telehealth and related digital technologies, the expansion of specific treatments for specific problems and diverse populations, the interface of couple therapy with relationship education, and enduring challenges as well as new opportunities addressing broader systemic and global dynamics.
Impact of climate change on parasite infection of an important pollinator depends on host genotypes
Authors: Manlik Oliver , Mundra Sunil , Schmid‐Hempel Regula , Schmid‐Hempel Paul
Published: September 2022

Climate change is predicted to affect host–parasite interactions, and for some hosts, parasite infection is expected to increase with rising temperatures. Global population declines of important pollinators already have been attributed to climate change and parasitism. However, the role of climate in driving parasite infection and the genetic basis for pollinator hosts to respond often remain obscure. Based on decade‐long field data, we investigated the association between climate and Nosema bombi (Microsporidia) infection of buffed‐tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), and whether host genotypes play a role. For this, we genotyped 876 wild bumblebee queens and screened for N. bombi infection of those queens between 2000 and 2010. We recorded seven climate parameters during those 11 years and tested for correlations between climate and infection prevalence. Here we show that climatic factors drive N. bombi infection and that the impact of climate depends on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) haplotypes of the host. Infection prevalence was correlated with climatic variables during the time when queens emerge from hibernation. Remarkably, COI haplotypes best predict this association between climatic factors and infection. In particular, two host haplotypes (“A” and “B”) displayed phenotypic plasticity in response to climatic variation: Temperature was positively correlated with infection of host haplotype B, but not haplotype A. The likelihood of infection of haplotype A was associated with moisture, conferring greater resistance to parasite infection during wetter years. In contrast, infection of haplotype B was unrelated to moisture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies specific host genotypes that confer differential parasite resistance under variable climatic conditions. Our results underscore the importance of mitochondrial haplotypes to ward off parasites in a changing climate. More broadly, this also suggests that COI may play a pertinent role in climate change adaptations of insect pollinators.
Views of patients with obesity on person‐centred care: A Q‐methodology study
Authors: Crompvoets Paige I. , Cramm Jane M. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Nieboer Anna P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

To better accommodate patients with obesity, the adoption of a person‐centred approach to healthcare seems to be imperative. Eight dimensions are important for person‐centred care (PCC): respect for patients' preferences, physical comfort, the coordination of care, emotional support, access to care, the continuity of care, the provision of information and education, and the involvement of family and friends. The aim of this study was to explore the views of patients with obesity on the relative importance of the dimensions of PCC.

Methods

Q methodology was used to study the viewpoints of 21 patients with obesity on PCC. Respondents were asked to rank 31 statements about the eight dimensions of PCC by level of personal significance. Using by‐person factor analysis, distinct viewpoints were identified. Respondents' comments made while ranking were used to verify and refine the interpretation of the viewpoints.

Results

Five distinct viewpoints were identified: (1) ‘someone who listens in an unbiased manner’, (2) ‘everything should run smoothly’, (3) ‘interpersonal communication is key’, (4) ‘I want my independence’, and (5) ‘support for myself and my loved ones’. Viewpoint 1 was supported by the largest number of respondents and explained the most variance in the data, followed by viewpoint 3 and the other viewpoints, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the need for tailored care in obesity treatment and shed light on aspects of care and support that are most important for patients with obesity.

Patient Contribution

Our sample consisted of patients. Patients were also involved in the development of the statement set through pilot testing.
Vulvar angiomyofibroblastoma is molecularly defined by recurrent MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusions
Authors: Boyraz Baris , Tajiri Ryosuke , Alwaqfi Rofieda R , Paula Arnaud Da Cruz , Ye Qiqi , Nielsen G. Petur , Hung Yin P , Oliva Esther , Weigelt Britta , Hisaoka Masanori , Watkins Jaclyn C
Published: September 2022

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF), a rare benign vulvovaginal mesenchymal tumour, poses a diagnostic challenge due to histologic and immunohistochemical overlap with other vulvar mesenchymal tumours. Recently, MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion transcripts were reported in 5/5 AMFs; no other genetic alterations have been described to date. Herein, we sought to investigate the frequency of the MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion and the presence of other potential genetic alterations in a cohort of AMFs (n = 7, patient age range: 28–49 years). Tumours demonstrated classic morphologic features including alternating hypo/hypercellular areas, capillary channels surrounded by epithelioid/spindled tumour cells, and variable amounts of mature adipose tissue. reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion, performed in all seven cases, showed the fusion transcript in five of six cases (one case with technical failure). Two tumours, including the one lacking the fusion, were subjected to targeted next‐generation sequencing (104 genes) and a sarcoma fusion assay (28 genes); the fusion negative AMF also underwent RNA sequencing. No additional mutations, copy number alterations, or fusion genes were identified with the assays employed. We conclude that the majority of AMFs harbour recurrent MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion transcripts and identification of this fusion may aid in the diagnosis.
Índice de capacidad de la seguridad laboral como modelo alternativo a la accidentabilidad
Authors: DEKKER Sidney W. A. , TOOMA Michael
Published: September 2022

Las métricas de la seguridad laboral basadas en la accidentabilidad, como la tasa total de frecuencia de accidentes registrables, presentan deficiencias bien documentadas. Un bajo nivel de siniestralidad no exime de responsabilidades jurídicas. La seguridad, entendida como presencia de capacidades para que las cosas salgan bien, concuerda con el concepto jurisprudencial de diligencia debida del empleador. Los autores de este artículo proponen un índice que engloba ambos elementos, midiendo las capacidades de adquirir y mantener conocimientos sobre seguridad, comprender la naturaleza de las operaciones, destinar recursos para la seguridad, responder a los riesgos, demostrar la colaboración y la conformidad, y ofrecer garantías.
The common IL1A single nucleotide polymorphism rs17561 is a hypomorphic mutation that significantly reduces interleukin‐1α release from human blood cells
Authors: Wiggins Kimberley A. , Pyrillou Katerina , Humphry Melanie , Butterworth Adam S. , Clarke Murray CH.
Published: September 2022

Interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α) is a powerful cytokine that drives inflammation and modulates adaptive immunity. Due to these powerful effects, IL‐1α is controlled at multiple levels from transcription to cleavage and release from the cell. Genome‐wide association studies can identify loci that drive important diseases, although often the functional effect of the variant on phenotype remains unknown or small, with most risk variants in non‐coding regions. We find that the common variant rs17561 changes a conserved amino acid in the central region of IL‐1α linking the pro piece to the cytokine domain. Using a recall‐by‐genotype study and whole blood stimulation, we find that minor allele homozygotes release ~50% less IL‐1α than the major allele, with IL‐1β release equivalent. IL‐1α transcript level was identical between groups, implying a post‐transcriptional effect, whilst cleavage of recombinant pro‐IL‐1α by multiple proteases was also equivalent for both forms. Importantly, transfected macrophages also release less minor allele IL‐1α upon inflammasome activation, revealing that reduced secretion is directly caused by the missense amino acid substitution and more minor allele IL‐1α was retained within the cell. Thus, rs17561 represents a very common hypomorphic mutation in IL‐1α. We believe this novel data will be important for determining the potential contribution of IL‐1α to disease and/or physiological processes, for example, by Mendelian randomisation, and may aid patient stratification when considering anti‐IL‐1 therapies.
The role of Co valence in charge transport in the entropy‐stabilized oxide (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O
Authors: Jacobson V. , Huang J. , Titus C.J. , Smaha R.W. , Papac M. , Lee S.J. , Zakutayev A. , Brennecka G.L.
Published: September 2022

Many of the studies on the entropy‐stabilized oxide (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O have been heavily application‐based. Previous works have studied effects of cation stoichiometry on the entropy‐driven reaction to form a single phase, but a fundamental exploration of the effects of anion stoichiometry and/or redox chemistry on electrical properties is lacking. Using near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and electrical measurements, we show that oxidizing thin film samples of (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O affects primarily the valence of Co, leaving the other cations in this high‐entropy system unchanged. This oxidation increases electrical conduction in these thin films, which occurs via small polaron hopping mediated by the Co valence shift from 2+ to a mixed 2+/3+ state. In parallel, we show that bulk samples sintered in an oxygen‐rich atmosphere have a lower activation energy for electrical conduction than those equilibrated in a nitrogen (reducing) atmosphere. Combining feasible defect compensation scenarios with electrical impedance measurements and NEXAFS data, we propose a self‐consistent interpretation of Co redox‐mediated small polaron conduction as the dominant method of charge transfer in this system.
Comparing the clinical significance and antigen specificity of insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 autoantibodies between radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Shimada Akira , Imagawa Akihisa , Abiru Norio , Awata Takuya , Oikawa Yoichi , Osawa Haruhiko , Kawabata Yumiko , Kozawa Junji , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Takahashi Kazuma , Chujo Daisuke , Fukui Tomoyasu , Miura Junnosuke , Yasuda Kazuki , Yasuda Hisafumi , Kajio Hiroshi , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Ikegami Hiroshi ,   the Committee of type 1 diabetes, Japan Diabetes Society
Published: September 2022

Aims/Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and antigen specificity of autoantibodies to insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 (IA‐2A) by radioimmunoassay (RIA; IA‐2A‐RIA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; IA‐2A‐ELISA) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

A total of 338 type 1 diabetic patients were enrolled, including 38 fulminant type 1 diabetes, 168 acute‐onset type 1 diabetes and 137 slowly‐progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM). The concordance, correlation of autoantibody titer, and the relationship between IA‐2A and progression to the insulin‐deficient state were examined. Also, competitive assay was used to examine the antigen specificity.

Results

The prevalence of IA‐2A‐ELISA was 4–5% lower than that of IA‐2A‐RIA in both the acute‐onset type 1 diabetes and SPIDDM, but the diagnostic sensitivities of both subtypes, when measured in combination with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody, were comparable. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes using either the RIA or ELISA methods showed substantial agreement with the exponential correlation of autoantibody titers detected by RIA and ELISA. Among the SPIDDM patients, the fasting C‐peptide for IA‐2A‐positive cases by ELISA, but not the RIA method, was significantly lower than in the negative cases (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IA‐2A‐ELISA proved superior to the RIA method in predicting the progression to insulin deficiency in SPIDDM. Competitive analysis showed that even sera with discrepant results by RIA and ELISA have IA‐2‐specific autoantibodies.

Conclusion

These results suggest that IA‐2A‐ELISA is a reliable marker not only for the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, but also for the prediction of future insulin dependency; that is, detection of IA‐2A‐ELISA helps identify a subtype of SPIDDM patients who would likely progress onto insulin‐deficient state.
Large‐scale phylogenetic analysis provides insights into the diversification and evolution of sessilid peritrich ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora)
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Jiang Chuanqi , Gu Siyu , Liu Zhencheng , Xiong Jie , Warren Alan , Miao Wei
Published: September 2022

The Peritrichia is a speciose and morphologically distinctive assemblage of ciliated protists that was first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek over 340 years ago. In the last two decades, the phylogenetic relationships of this group have been increasingly debated as morphological and molecular analyses have generated contrasting conclusions, mainly owing to limited sampling. In the present study, we performed expanded phylogenetic analyses of 152 sessilid peritrichs collected from 14 different provinces of China and 141 SSU rDNA peritrich sequences from GenBank. The results of the analyses revealed new divergent relationships between and within major clades that challenge the morphological classification of this group including, (1) the recovery of four major phylogenetically divergent clades in the monophyletic order Sessilida, (2) aboral structures such as the stalk and spasmoneme were evolutionary labile, (3) the stalk or/and spasmoneme was lost in each divergent clade indicating that parallel evolution occurred in sessilid peritrichs and (4) the life cycle and habit drive the diversity of aboral structures as well as diversification and evolution in peritrichs.
Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosages and withdrawal time of florfenicol in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) after oral administration via medicated feed
Authors: Rairat Tirawat , Kumphaphat Sunisa , Chuchird Niti , Srisapoome Prapansak , Phansawat Putsucha , Keetanon Arunothai , Liu Yi‐Kai , Chou Chi‐Chung
Published: September 2022

Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an economically important fish in Asian and Australian markets, but few pharmacokinetic (PK) data of antimicrobial drugs in this species is available. The present study investigated the PK behaviour of florfenicol (FF) through medicated feed in Asian seabass cultured at 25°C. The serum and muscle/skin concentrations of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) were determined by the HPLC‐FLD method and analysed by one‐compartmental model. The optimal dosages were determined by pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) approach and the linear regression analysis was used to determine the withdrawal time (WDT). The PK study following a single oral administration of 15 mg/kg FF via medicated feed revealed that the absorption half‐life (t1/2Ka), elimination half‐life (t1/2K), peak concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC), volume of distribution (Vd/F) and clearance (CL/F) were 1.47 h, 8.07 h, 8.61 μg/ml, 146.41 h·μg/ml, 1.19 L/kg and 0.102 L/kg/h, respectively. The muscle/skin concentration‐time profile was similar to that of the serum, suggesting well distribution but only a small fraction of FF was metabolized to FFA. The optimal dosage for a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/ml was calculated as 13.38 mg/kg/day. The appropriate WDT after multiple oral medications with 15 mg/kg FF once daily for 7 days was determined as 8 days. Information obtained from the current study can potentially be applied for the treatment of bacterial diseases in farming Asian seabass.
The diagnostic accuracy of the small fiber neuropathy symptoms inventory questionnaire (SFN‐SIQ) for identifying pure small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Galosi Eleonora , Falco Pietro , Di Pietro Giuseppe , Leone Caterina , Esposito Nicoletta , De Stefano Gianfranco , Di Stefano Giulia , Truini Andrea
Published: September 2022

A definite diagnosis of pure small fiber neuropathy (SFN) relies on specific diagnostic testing, such as skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing (QST), and nociceptive evoked potentials, which require considerable resources that may not be widely available. Accordingly, diagnostic tools with easy implementation in non‐specialist centers are warranted to identify patients who require second‐level diagnostic tests. In this study, we aimed to test the accuracy of the Small Fiber Neuropathy Symptoms Inventory Questionnaire (SFN‐SIQ) in diagnosing pure SFN. We enrolled 86 patients with suspected pure SFN. In these patients, we calculated the diagnostic accuracy of the SFN‐SIQ using a combination of clinical examination, QST, and skin biopsy as a reference standard. We found that the SFN‐SIQ showed an excellent ability to discriminate between patients with and without pure SFN, with 86% sensitivity and 70% specificity in the diagnosis of pure SFN. Our study providing the diagnostic yield of the SFN‐SIQ for pure SFN diagnosis suggests that this questionnaire might be used to screen patients with suspected SFN and identify those requiring second‐level diagnostic tests such as QST, skin biopsy, or nociceptive evoked potentials.
Dietary niche partitioning in Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs from Strawberry Bank
Authors: Jamison‐Todd Sarah , Moon Benjamin C. , Rowe Andre J. , Williams Matt , Benton Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Jurassic ichthyosaurs dominated upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems. Many species coexisted alongside each another, and it is uncertain whether they competed for the same array of food or divided dietary resources, each specializing in different kinds of prey. Here, we test whether feeding differences existed between species, applying finite element analysis to ichthyosaurs for the first time. We examine two juvenile ichthyosaur specimens, referred to Hauffiopteryx typicus and Stenopterygius triscissus, from the Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte, a shallow marine environment from the Early Jurassic of southern England (Toarcian, ~183 Ma). Snout and cranial robusticity differ between the species, with S. triscissus having a more robust snout and cranium and specializing in slow biting of hard prey, and H. typicus with its slender snout specializing in fast, but weaker bites on fast‐moving, but soft prey. The two species did not differ in muscle forces, but stress distributions varied in the nasal area, reflecting differences when biting at different points along the tooth row: the more robustly snouted Stenopterygius resisted increases or shifts in stress distribution when the bite point was shifted from the posterior to the mid‐point of the tooth row, but the slender‐snouted Hauffiopteryx showed shifts and increases in stress distributions between these two bite points. The differences in cranial morphology, dentition and inferred stresses between the two species suggest adaptations for dietary niche partitioning.
Correlates of Alcohol Use Likelihood for Latino Immigrant Youth in an Emerging Context
Authors: Cobb Cory L. , Martínez Charles R.
Published: September 2022

Using a three‐wave prospective longitudinal design spanning 3 years, we assessed alcohol use likelihood trajectories and their correlates among a community sample of Latino immigrant adolescents in the emerging immigrant context of Western Oregon. Results from growth mixture modeling revealed two distinct classes: lower risk youth who reported little likelihood of alcohol use but whose trajectory was increasing, and higher risk youth who reported higher likelihood of alcohol use and whose trajectory was stable. We found significant differences between the two classes such that lower risk youth reported greater levels of Latino cultural orientation and parental monitoring, whereas higher risk youth reported greater levels of family cultural stress and delinquency. Results are discussed in terms of prior research and theory.
A study of caregiver support services: Perspectives of family caregivers of persons with intellectual disabilities in Singapore
Authors: Riches Vivienne C. , O'Brien Patricia , Manokara Vimallan , Mueller Arne
Published: September 2022

Most people with intellectual disabilities in Singapore live with family and are supported by family caregivers. Many caregivers lack the awareness, skills and resources needed for their caregiving role. A caregiver support service designed to build the capability of family caregivers serving children and adults with intellectual disabilities was evaluated after 2 years of operation to ascertain the level of caregiver coping and resilience, perceived impact of strategies for emotional support, and satisfaction with a range of support services and gaps in service. Family caregivers were surveyed regarding satisfaction with services received using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ‐8) and feedback from activities and events. Their coping and resilience were measured with the Coping Competence Questionnaire (CCQ). Qualitative data from caregiver interviews and staff focus groups were analysed for key themes that were triangulated and converged with other findings. Satisfaction, better coping and resilience were associated with specific support services. Key themes emerged around several effective supports and areas of unmet needs across the lifespan. Limitations and areas for improvement were identified to meet a broader range of caregivers. Targeted family support services can enhance the well‐being of caregivers supporting people with intellectual disabilities (ID) across the lifespan. The results inform policymakers and support agencies that support of the family, not just the person with ID, is an important factor and needs to be incorporated at the heart of the design and development of any inclusive community living in Singapore.
Biliary protozoa in a dog with acute cholangiohepatitis fed a raw food diet
Authors: Allan Frederik , Blake Damer , Miller Zoe , Church David
Published: September 2022

A 1‐year 11‐month intact female Alaskan Malamute fed a raw food diet was referred to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals for further investigation of hyporexia and increased hepatobiliary enzyme activities. Clinicopathological and imaging findings were consistent with cholangiohepatitis, with coccidial zoites identified on bile cytology. Polymerase chain reaction and amplicon sequencing from the bile identified Hammondia heydorni, a Sarcocytid coccidial protozoa with an obligate 2‐host life cycle. The dog was treated with clindamycin, marbofloxacin, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and S‐adenosylmethionine/silybin with complete clinical and biochemical resolution documented after 6 weeks. Infection with Hammondia spp. should be considered in patients receiving raw food diets in which coccidial zoites are identified in the bile, but the pathogenic potential of this organism is unknown and the possibility of its presence as a commensal cannot be discounted.
The Institution's Knowledge: Congressional Staff Experience and Committee Productivity
Authors: Ommundsen Emily Cottle
Published: September 2022

Congressional staff have often been called the “invisible force” behind members of Congress, earning themselves the title of “unelected lawmakers.” In this paper, I explore the link between United States Senate committees' level of productivity and the experience of their staff. Utilizing publicly reported data on Senate staff experience and a new measure of committee productivity I find that a committee's average years of staff experience is a significant predictor of committee legislative effectiveness. I find, however, that greater levels of staff experience only increase committee effectiveness when assessing the experience of senior or high‐ranking staff. As non‐senior staff experience increases, however, committees become less effective. These findings suggest that when making hiring decisions, Senate chairs and ranking members should prioritize years of experience in their senior staff while foregoing experienced general and administrative staff in order to achieve greater levels of committee productivity.
Species' attributes predict the relative magnitude of ecological and genetic recovery following mass mortality
Authors: Schiebelhut Lauren M. , Gaylord Brian , Grosberg Richard K. , Jurgens Laura J. , Dawson Michael N
Published: September 2022

Theoretically, species' characteristics should allow estimation of dispersal potential and, in turn, explain levels of population genetic differentiation. However, a mismatch between traits and genetic patterns is often reported for marine species, and interpreted as evidence that life‐history traits do not influence dispersal. Here, we couple ecological and genomic methods to test the hypothesis that species with attributes favouring greater dispersal potential—e.g., longer pelagic duration, higher fecundity and larger population size—have greater realized dispersal overall. We used a natural experiment created by a large‐scale and multispecies mortality event which created a “clean slate” on which to study recruitment dynamics, thus simplifying a usually complex problem. We surveyed four species of differing dispersal potential to quantify the abundance and distribution of recruits and to genetically assign these recruits to probable parental sources. Species with higher dispersal potential recolonized a broader extent of the impacted range, did so more quickly and recovered more genetic diversity than species with lower dispersal potential. Moreover, populations of taxa with higher dispersal potential exhibited more immigration (71%–92% of recruits) than taxa with lower dispersal potential (17%–44% of recruits). By linking ecological with genomic perspectives, we demonstrate that a suite of interacting life‐history and demographic attributes do influence species' realized dispersal and genetic neighbourhoods. To better understand species' resilience and recovery in this time of global change, integrative eco‐evolutionary approaches are needed to more rigorously evaluate the effect of dispersal‐linked attributes on realized dispersal and population genetic differentiation.
Organoids as tools for fundamental discovery and translation—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Lutolf Matthias P. , Fu Jianping , Park Sunghee Estelle , Apostolou Athanasia , Chen Shuibing , Song Cheng Jack , Spence Jason R. , Liberali Prisca , Lancaster Madeline , Meier Anna B. , Pek Nicole Min Qian , Wells James M. , Capeling Meghan M. , Uzquiano Ana , Musah Samira , Huch Meritxell , Gouti Mina , Hombrink Pleun , Quadrato Giorgia , Urenda Jean‐Paul
Published: September 2022

Complex three‐dimensional in vitro organ‐like models, or organoids, offer a unique biological tool with distinct advantages over two‐dimensional cell culture systems, which can be too simplistic, and animal models, which can be too complex and may fail to recapitulate human physiology and pathology. Significant progress has been made in driving stem cells to differentiate into different organoid types, though several challenges remain. For example, many organoid models suffer from high heterogeneity, and it can be difficult to fully incorporate the complexity of in vivo tissue and organ development to faithfully reproduce human biology. Successfully addressing such limitations would increase the viability of organoids as models for drug development and preclinical testing. On April 3–6, 2022, experts in organoid development and biology convened at the Keystone Symposium “Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation” to discuss recent advances and insights from this relatively new model system into human development and disease.
Effect of Hip Joint Center on Multi‐body Dynamics and Contact Mechanics of Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe IV Dysplasia
Authors: Gao Yongchang , Chai Wei , An Zhicheng , Chen Xihui , Dong Zhe , Zhang Zhifeng , Jin Zhongmin
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the hip joint forces, Von Mises stress, contact pressure and micro‐motion of hip prosthesis for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) patients under different hip joint centers using musculoskeletal (MSK) multi‐body dynamics and finite element analysis.

Methods

Both MSK multi‐body dynamics model and finite element (FE) model were based on CT data of a young female DDH patient with total hip replacement and were developed to study the biomechanics of the S‐ROM hip prosthesis. The same offset of hip joint center along all six orientations compared with the standard position was set to predict its effects on both MSK multi‐body dynamics and contact mechanics during one gait cycle.

Results

The hip joint forces in the entire walking gait cycle showed two peak values and clear differences between them under different hip joint centers. The hip joint force increased when the hip joint center moved posteriorly (2101 N) and laterally (1969 N) to the anatomical center (1848 N) at the first peak by 13.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The hip joint force increased sharply when the hip center deviated laterally (2115 N) and anteriorly (2407 N), respectively, from the standard position (1742 N) at the second peak. For the sleeve of the S‐ROM prosthesis, the maximum Von Mises stress and contact pressure of the sleeve increased if the hip joint center deviated from the anatomical center posteriorly at the first peak. However, the Von Mises stresses and contact pressure increased at anterior and lateral orientations, compared to that of the standard position at the second peak. Small changes were observed for the maximum relative sliding distance along most of the orientations at both peaks except in the lateral and medial orientations, in which an increase of 8.6% and a decrease of 13.6% were observed, respectively.

Conclusion

The hip joint center obviously influenced the hip joint forces, stress, contact pressure and micro‐motion of the hip implant for this female patient.
Comparison of Preoperative Computed Tomography and Intraoperative Estimation in Predicting the Version of a Single‐Wedge Femoral Stem
Authors: Sun Jingyang , Zhang Yanchao , Shen Junmin , Zheng Qingyuan , Li Tiejian , Zhang Bohan , Zhou Yonggang , Zhang Guoqiang
Published: September 2022

Objective

Early prediction of stem version aids in optimization of combined version during total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to analyze the discrepancy between stem version and native femoral version measured by different methods, and to explore which method can better predict the stem version.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients (39 hips) treated with robot‐assisted THA in our hospital between September 2019 and December 2019. A straight, single‐wedge, cementless stem (Accolade II) was used in all cases. Preoperative femoral version was measured at three levels on computerized tomography (CT) scan from the top to the middle level of femoral neck (Level 1 to Level 3). During THA, the version on cutting surface was measured prior to femoral broaching based on two reference lines: mid‐cortical line and T line (trochanteric fossa to the middle of medial cortex). After femoral broaching, stem version was measured based on the femoral neck trial using Mako system (Stryker). In the statistical analysis, the difference and absolute discrepancy between stem version and femoral version measured with various methods were examined using paired t‐test, and the relationship between stem version and various femoral versions were examined using correlation analysis.

Results

Mean femoral neck version (Level 1) was 9.5° ± 2.6° (range, −16.8°‐42.5°), while mean stem version measured by Mako system was 19.9° ± 2.0° (range, −8.0°‐49.0°). Femoral version measured with each method showed a moderate correlation with stem version (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between stem version and femoral version except at Level 3, with a mean difference of 0.8° ± 13.6° (p = 0.729). With regard to the intraoperative estimation, stem version significantly increased compared to the value based on mid‐cortical line, with a mean difference of 8.4° ± 13.1° (p < 0.001). However, the mean value of stem version was a little smaller than that of femoral version measured by reference to T line, but without statistical significance (p = 0.156). No postoperative dislocations occurred during the study period. No revision was required for any component.

Conclusions

The middle level of femoral neck on CT scan and T line on cutting surface are better references to measure femoral version for predicting postoperative stem version. However, the relationship between stem version and predictive value was flexible. Therefore, further three‐dimensional studies of postoperative CT are needed to validate the press‐fit fixation and rotational freedom of the single‐wedge stem.
Dual impact of ambient humidity on the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae and basal resistance in rice
Authors: Qiu Jiehua , Liu Zhiquan , Xie Junhui , Lan Bo , Shen Zhenan , Shi Huanbin , Lin Fucheng , Shen Xiangling , Kou Yanjun
Published: September 2022

Humidity is a critical environmental factor affecting the epidemic of plant diseases. However, it is still unclear how ambient humidity affects the occurrence of diseases in plants. In this study, we show that high ambient humidity enhanced blast development in rice plants under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, we found that high ambient humidity enhanced the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae by promoting conidial germination and appressorium formation. In addition, the results of RNA‐sequencing analysis and the ethylene content assessment revealed that high ambient humidity suppressed the accumulation of ethylene and the activation of ethylene signaling pathway induced by M. oryzae in rice. Knock out of ethylene signaling genes OsEIL1 and OsEIN2 or exogenous application of 1‐methylcyclopropene (ethylene inhibitor) and ethephon (ethylene analogues) eliminated the difference of blast resistance between the 70% and 90% relative humidity conditions, suggesting that the activation of ethylene signaling contributes to humidity‐modulated basal resistance against M. oryzae in rice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that high ambient humidity enhances the virulence of M. oryzae and compromises basal resistance by reducing the activation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Results from this study provide cues for novel strategies to control rice blast under global environmental changes.
Hair tourniquet syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Martonovich Noa , Khatib Maher , Assaf Michael
Published: September 2022

Objective

Hair thread tourniquet syndrome (HTS) is a pediatric condition in which human hair or synthetic fiber encircles and strangulates a body appendage causing tissue necrosis. Few epidemiologic studies have been done. Our objective was to better define the demographics, clinical features, and predisposing factors for this condition.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of all infants up to 1 year old seen in the orthopedic emergency department of Galilee Medical Center were searched for the diagnosis of HTS or its ICD equivalent.

Results

Forty‐one cases of hair tourniquet syndrome (HTS) were reviewed. Most cases (68%) occurred during the winter months (December to February). There were no reports between June to August (summer). The median age was 4 months and the male‐to‐female ratio was approximately 2:5. Toes were significantly more involved than fingers (97.5%) and the 3rd toe was the most affected (58%). Nine patients (21.9%) had more than one toe affected and only one case reported finger involvement.

Conclusions

HTS in our population is a phenomenon that seems to occur mostly in winter. Infants between 3 and 5 months are at greater risk. Toes are more affected than fingers. The most involved toes are the 3rd and 4th.
Hydroalcoholic Extract of Encholirium spectabile Mart. (Bromeliaceae) in O/W Emulsions as an Additive against the UVB Radiation
Authors: dos Santos Dantas Anne Caroline , de Lira Michele Mirian Calixto , Dutra Lívia Macedo , de Castro Rodrigues Cristiane Maria Souza , Reis Sílvio Alan Gonçalves Bonfim , Castro Rosane Nora , da Silva Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes
Published: September 2022

The use of sunscreen is one of the photoprotection measures most used by the population, so these products must offer broad‐spectrum protection against UVA and UVB radiation. Encholirium spectabile, popularly known as “macambira‐de‐flecha,” is a species characterized by its rocky outcrops and found in the Caatinga. This biome is known for extreme droughts and dry periods, and for this reason, its vegetation needed to develop resistance mechanisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of E. spectabile incorporated in O/W emulsion as a potential photoprotective agent and their antioxidant activity. Four chemical constituents (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid and apigenin) were identified by HPLC‐DAD analysis, and emulsions containing different concentrations (1%, 2.5% and 5%) of the extract without and with the addition of chemical filters (octyl methoxycinnamate and benzophenone‐3) were prepared and submitted to the test of preliminary stability. The Q formulation demonstrated little variation in the preliminary stability test and was selected for estimated your protection against UVB and determination of in vitro protection factor UVA. The formulations remained stable during the freeze–thaw cycle; the extract despite maintaining the UVA‐PF and decreasing the wavelength showed an increase in FPS from 14.4 (control) to 18.8 (control+ Es‐HA80).
Past critique but much praise for restoration ecology: four decades on
Authors: Richter Daniel D.
Published: September 2022

During the last four decades, restoration ecology has prevailed and flourished in the academy and the public square. During this time, both ecology and restoration ecology have moved away from presenting ecosystem development as a trajectory that can return to “pre‐disturbance original condition.” Evolutionary change is a much better descriptor for ecosystem development as ecology and restoration ecology enter the Anthropocene.
The detection of three novel HLA‐A alleles: HLA‐A*02:1037, ‐A*02:1038 and ‐A*02:1039
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Gulnaz Akhmetshina , Nizamov Shamil , Shagimardanova Elena
Published: September 2022

Three novel HLA‐A alleles HLA‐A*02:1037, ‐A*02:1038 and ‐A*02:1039 alleles detected during routine next generation sequencing.
Metabolome genome‐wide association study provides biochemical and genetic insights into natural variation of primary metabolites in sesame
Authors: Song Shengnan , Zhang Liangxiao , Zhao Yan , Sheng Chen , Zhou Wangyi , Dossou Senouwa Segla Koffi , Wang Linhai , You Jun , Zhou Rong , Wei Xin , Zhang Xiurong
Published: September 2022

Plants' primary metabolites are of great importance from the survival and nutritional perspectives. However, the genetic bases underlying the profiles of primary metabolites in oilseed crops remain largely unclear. As one of the main oilseed crops, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a potential model plant for investigating oil metabolism in plants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to disclose the genetic variants associated with variation in the content of primary metabolites in sesame. We performed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis of primary metabolites in 412 diverse sesame accessions using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and identified a total of 45 metabolites, including fatty acids, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and amino acids. Genome‐wide association study unveiled 433 significant single‐nucleotide polymorphism loci associated with variation in primary metabolite contents in sesame. By integrating diverse genomic analyses, we identified 10 key candidate causative genes of variation in MAG, fatty acid, asparagine, and sucrose contents. Among them, SiDSEL was significantly associated with multiple traits. SiCAC3 and SiKASI were strongly associated with variation in oleic acid and linoleic acid contents. Overexpression of SiCAC3, SiKASI, SiLTPI.25, and SiLTPI.26 in transgenic Arabidopsis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that SiCAC3 is a potential target gene for improvement of unsaturated fatty acid levels in crops. Furthermore, we found that it may be possible to breed several quality traits in sesame simultaneously. Our results provide valuable genetic resources for improving sesame seed quality and our understanding of oilseed crops' primary metabolism.