bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coding turn in urban planning: Could it remedy the essential drawbacks of planning?
Authors: Alfasi Nurit
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the growing tendency to articulate planning policies through principles and codes, a feature of recent planning theory and practice. While this tool arouses interest and enthusiasm, very little attention is given to how it affects planning thought and impacts – or should impact – the act of planning and the institutions involved. After reviewing pre-modern decision-making frameworks that accompanied the use of planning codes, this article highlights the role of mutual agreement and shared responsibility in the application of the past planning codes. It then discusses the meaning of the transition to planning codes and elaborates on the opportunity to remedy the embedded pitfalls created by applying comprehensive land-use plans as a regulatory tool, and to institute planning that is based on the principles of liberal democracy.
Understanding Flu Vaccination in a Competitive Context
Authors: Ulasevich Alec , Jacobs Samantha , Mbangdadji Djass , van Over Max , Steffens Lani
Published: July 2017

The flu causes a significant number of largely vaccine-preventable hospitalizations and deaths each year. Previous studies show that efficacy beliefs about other flu prevention strategies may be barriers to flu vaccine uptake. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes and behaviors regarding flu vaccination and other flu prevention strategies and to examine the decision to get a flu vaccine within a competitive context. Two independent surveys were administered in 2013 (general population, n = 1,158) and 2015 (millennial panel, n = 1,574) among adults in the United States, which generated propensity models to get flu vaccines. Compared to the vaccine, participants considered many strategies to be more effective at preventing seasonal flu, particularly behaviors related to maintaining a strong immune system. Propensity models demonstrate that perceived effectiveness of some alternative “healthy behaviors” in a competitive set were associated with a lower likelihood of vaccine uptake. Results suggest that adults’ engagement in alternative strategies may be at the expense of getting vaccinated. Social marketers should consider competition not just from unhealthy behaviors but from alternative healthy behaviors when designing programs and campaigns to ensure effectiveness of their messages.
The Influence of Acculturation on Traumatic Stress Following Childbirth Among Hispanic Adolescents
Authors: Anderson Cheryl , Strickland Sarah
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Many studies have explored the role of acculturation on health outcomes; however, no studies to date have examined relationships between acculturation and the traumatic stress of childbirth among Hispanic adolescents.

Method:

A convenience sample of 66 Hispanic adolescents 13 to 19 years of age completed the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II), a demographic sheet, birth appraisal scale, and the Impact of Event Scale within 72 hours of birth.

Results:

Significant associations were found between the ARSMA-II subscales and acculturation proxy variables, excluding language; however, only the Mexican Orientation Subscale and generation proxy variable influenced the birth experience. The study findings showed that Hispanic adolescents reporting a more traumatic childbirth identified closer with the Mexican culture and reported fewer family generations residing in the United States.

Conclusion:

As an overlooked area of research, our findings support the need for additional research related to the traumatic stress of birth among Hispanic adolescents. Using multiple acculturation measurements, including the ARSMA-II, with larger, more diverse samples of adolescents, equally balanced between all categories of acculturation and placement within the five-tier generation matrix, can provide some insightful information and directed health care.
The Effects of Colchicine-Impregnated Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose on Capsular Contracture
Authors: Acuner Burcin , Baser Nesrin Tan , Aslan Gurcan , Terzioglu Ahmet , Caydere Muzaffer , Ustun Huseyın , Görgü Metin
Published: July 2017

Capsular contracture is the most common complication of breast augmentation. Oxidized regenerated cellulose can be used as a matrix for drug transport. Colchicine is an antimitotic drug that interferes with various steps of wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oxidized regenerated cellulose alone or in combination with colchicine on capsular contracture. Twenty-one adult female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 3 groups. In group 1 silicone blocks only, in group 2 oxidized regenerated cellulose-wrapped silicone blocks, and in group 3 colchicine-impregnated oxidized regenerated cellulose-wrapped silicone blocks were inserted in the dorsal region. Four weeks later, implants were removed and histopathological examination was performed. Capsular thickness, inflammatory infiltrate degree, collagen fiber organization, and myofibroblast density were evaluated. Macroscopic examination revealed a distinct capsule formation only in group 1 animals, with average measurement being 134.65 µm on histopathological examination. In groups 2 and 3 animals, no distinct capsule formation was seen. Inflammatory infiltrate degree was found to be less in groups 2 and 3 animals than in group 1 animals. Collagen fiber organization around the implants was found to be parallel and organized in group 1 animals, whereas it was random and disorganized in animals in both groups 2 and 3. High myofibroblast density was observed in animals in groups 1 and 2, while no myofibroblast was found in animals in group 3. The results of our study suggest that coating silicone implants with oxidized regenerated cellulose or with colchicine-impregnated oxidized regenerated cellulose may be effective in preventing capsular contracture.
Implementing a Clinically Based Fall Prevention Program
Authors: Stevens Judy A. , Smith Matthew Lee , Parker Erin M. , Jiang Luohua , Floyd Frank D.
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Among people aged 65 and older, falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries. The burden of falls is expected to increase as the US population ages. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries) initiative to help primary care providers incorporate fall risk screening, assessment of patients’ modifiable risk factors, and implementation of evidence-based treatment strategies. Methods. In 2010, CDC funded the New York State Department of Health to implement STEADI in primary care sites in selected communities. The Medical Director of United Health Services championed integrating fall prevention into clinical practice and oversaw staff training. Components of STEADI were integrated into the health system’s electronic health record (EHR), and fall risk screening questions were added to the nursing staff’s patient intake forms. Results. In the first 12 months, 14 practices saw 10 702 patients aged 65 and older. Of these, 8457 patients (79.0%) were screened for fall risk and 1534 (18.1%) screened positive. About 52% of positive patients completed the Timed Up and Go gait and balance assessment. Screening declined to 49% in the second 12 months, with 21% of the patients screening positive. Conclusions. Fall prevention can be successfully integrated into primary care when it is supported by a clinical champion, coupled with timely staff training/retraining, incorporated into the EHR, and adapted to fit into the practice workflow.
Lateral stiffness and deflection characteristics of guide cable with multi-boundary constraints
Authors: Yan Lu , Cao Guohua , Wang Naige , Li Jishun
Published: July 2017

Since lateral stiffness of existing wire ropes used as guide cables is difficult to achieve reliable guidance for conveyances in deep shaft wall, deflection-suppressed system is designed to reduce lateral displacement and enhance stiffness of guide cables. Theoretical method about cable stiffness is offered with multi-boundary constraints and validated by finite element method. With application analysis, the results show the lateral displacement and stiffness regulation under different boundary conditions. When guide cable tensions increase, the minimum lateral stiffness increases rapidly and later tends to vary linearly with two boundaries constrained, and its situation gradually moves to the middle. Besides, the increased boundaries lead to an increase in the minimum lateral stiffness by a certain linear ratio and the move of its position to the middle on the cable. The required minimum tensions at different boundaries are accordingly obtained. When the guide cables are arranged in different directions of the conveyance, their stiffness characteristics are revealed. Therefore, the arrangement of the two guide cables is proposed under multi-boundary constraints. The above study can be useful for reducing the conveyance deflection in cable-guided system and provide reference when selecting guide cable with multi-boundary constraints.
Comparative study between positive position feedback and negative derivative feedback for vibration control of a flexible arm featuring piezoelectric actuator
Authors: Syed Hassaan Hussain
Published: July 2017

Positive position feedback control is the most common resonant control technique that has been studied for last three decades. As a low-pass filter, positive position feedback is very sensitive to low-frequency disturbances. To overcome this shortcoming of positive position feedback controller, negative derivative feedback controller, which acts as a bandpass filter and can effectively control the lower and higher frequency disturbances, has been developed recently. So far, there is no comparison work between positive position feedback and negative derivative feedback on flexible manipulator system. Consequently, to fill this gap, in this article, both positive position feedback and negative derivative feedback controllers are applied experimentally and analysed in terms of settling time and vibration attenuation at different damping ratios on a single link flexible manipulator featuring piezoelectric actuator. Moreover, robustness with respect to natural frequency variation is studied for the first time on flexible manipulator system. Based on experimental study conducted on the particular system developed in this article, it has been observed that negative derivative feedback controller is more effective than positive position feedback controller based on evaluated performance measures.
Critical shoe contact area ratio for sliding on a tennis hard court
Authors: Goff John Eric , Boswell Luke , Ura Daniel , Kozy Mark , Carré Matt J
Published: July 2017

Dimples have been used in the design of some modern tennis shoe outsoles to enhance sliding ability on hard courts. Experiments were performed with bespoke rubber samples possessing various numbers of holes, which served to simulate dimples in tennis shoe treads. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of contact area on sliding friction. As the ratio of holes to solid rubber increased, a critical ratio was reached whereby the static friction coefficient decreased by more than 11% for tread-to-court pressures comparable to real tennis play. Although this study analyzed bespoke rubber samples and not actual tennis shoe treads, shoe manufacturers should be interested in the existence of a critical dimple ratio that could aid them in the creation of tennis shoes suited for sliding on hard courts.
A Retrospective Case Series of Carbon Fiber Plate Fixation of Ankle Fractures
Authors: Pinter Zachariah W. , Smith Kenneth S. , Hudson Parke W. , Jones Caleb W. , Hadden Ryan , Elattar Osama , Shah Ashish
Published: July 2017

Distal fibula fractures represent a common problem in orthopaedics. When fibula fractures require operative fixation, implants are typically made from stainless steel or titanium alloys. Carbon fiber implants have been used elsewhere in orthopaedics for years, and their advantages include a modulus of elasticity similar to that of bone, biocompatibility, increased fatigue strength, and radiolucency. This study hypothesized that carbon fiber plates would provide similar outcomes for ankle fracture fixation as titanium and steel implants. A retrospective chart review was performed of 30 patients who underwent fibular open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The main outcomes assessed were postoperative union rate and complication rate. The nonunion or failure rate for carbon fiber plates was 4% (1/24), and the union rate was 96% (23/24). The mean follow-up time was 20 months, and the complication rate was 8% (2/24). Carbon fiber plates are a viable alternative to metal plates in ankle fracture fixation, demonstrating union and complication rates comparable to those of traditional fixation techniques. Their theoretical advantages and similar cost make them an attractive implant choice for ORIF of the fibula. However, further studies are needed for extended follow-up and inclusion of larger patient cohorts.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective Case series
Human papillomavirus-driven immune deviation: challenge and novel opportunity for immunotherapy
Authors: Smola Sigrun , Trimble Connie , Stern Peter L.
Published: July 2017

It is now recognized that the immune system can be a key component of restraint and control during the neoplastic process. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers of the anogenital tract and oropharynx represent a significant clinical problem but there is a clear opportunity for immune targeting of the viral oncogene expression that drives cancer development. However, high-risk HPV infection of the target epithelium and the expression of the E6/E7 oncogenes can lead to early compromise of the innate immune system (loss of antigen-presenting cells) facilitating viral persistence and increased risk of cancer. In these circumstances, a succession of interacting and self-reinforcing events mediated through modulation of different immune receptors, chemokine and cytokine responses (CCL20; CCL2; CCR2; IL-6; CCR7; IL-12) further promote the generation of an immune suppressive microenvironment [increased levels of Tregs, Th17, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and PD-L1]. The overexpression of E6/E7 expression also compromises the ability to repair cellular DNA, leading to genomic instability, with the acquisition of genetic changes providing for the selection of advantaged cancer cells including additional strategies for immune escape. Therapeutic vaccines targeting the HPV oncogenes have shown some encouraging success in some recent early-phase clinical trials tested in patients with HPV-associated high-grade anogenital lesions. A significant hurdle to success in more advanced disease will be the local and systemic immune suppressive factors. Interventions targeting the different immunosuppressive components can provide opportunity to release existing or generate new and effective antitumour immunity. Treatments that alter the protumour inflammatory environment including toll-like receptor stimulation, inhibition of IL-6-related pathways, immune-checkpoint inhibition, direct modulation of MDSCs, Tregs and macrophages could all be useful in combination with therapeutic HPV vaccination. Future progress in delivering successful immunotherapy will depend on the configuration of treatment protocols in an insightful and timely combination.
A remote metastatic giant cell tumour to the skull
Authors: Kalani Aashish , Lovett Margaret , Stewart Lori , Popovic Snezana , Panju Akbar
Published: July 2017

This case discusses an unusual presentation of remote metastatic giant cell tumour presenting as a seizure.
Internet-based Interacting Together Everyday, Recovery After Childhood TBI (I-InTERACT): Protocol for a multi-site randomized controlled trial of an internet-based parenting intervention
Authors: Narad Megan E , Taylor H Gerry , Yeates Keith O , Stancin Terry , Kirkwood Michael W , Wade Shari L
Published: July 2017

Objectives

We discuss the rationale and description of the Internet-Based Interacting Together Everyday, Recovery After Childhood TBI (I-InTERACT), a telehealth intervention designed to promote positive parenting skills through live in-session skills practice and coaching. A second objective is to describe the protocol of a three-armed (Internet Resource Comparison, I-InTERACT, and I-InTERACT Express) multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to examine intervention effectiveness.

Method

Participants included parents of children ages 3–9 who sustained a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) any time since birth. Measures assessing parenting behaviors, parent–child interaction, parent/family factors, and child factors were collected prior to intervention, 3 months after enrollment and 6-months after enrollment.

Results

This protocol manuscript was submitted before the completion of data collection and prior to any data analysis. It is expected that the I-InTERACT and I-InTERACT Express interventions will be associated with an increase in positive parenting behaviors, and a decrease in negative parenting behaviors, parental distress, and child behavior problems. Finally it is expected that socioeconomic status, life stressors, and social resources will moderate treatment effects.

Conclusions

The study described in this protocol paper represents one of the first large multi-site RCTs of a parenting intervention designed to promote positive parenting skills in families with young children who sustained a TBI. We plan to disseminate findings to patients and families as well as clinical and research professionals, and begin to develop a research base for this telehealth intervention.
Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type, Presenting as Refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa Facial Cellulitis
Authors: Reategui Schwarz Erika , Oikonomou Katerina G. , Reynolds Megan , Kim Juliette , Balmiki Rajeev L. , Sterling Stephanie A.
Published: July 2017

Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), formerly called lethal midline granuloma or angiocentric T-cell lymphoma, is a predominantly extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by vascular damage, necrosis, and an association with Epstein-Barr virus. In the United States, it is more frequently seen in Asian, Asian Pacific Islander, and Hispanic descent populations and is more prevalent in males in their fifth decade. Clinical presentation of NK nasal lymphoma most commonly involves epistaxis; obstruction; discharge; destructive mass in sinuses, palate, and nose; and skin ulceration. These symptoms can mimic invasive fungal infections and other sinonasal disorders. Furthermore, ENKL has a broad cytologic spectrum and induces a mixture of inflammatory cells, causing difficulty in establishing the diagnosis, especially in initial biopsies. We present a case of refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa facial cellulitis in a young woman whose treatment course was complicated by septic shock and resistance to multiple antibiotics, resulting in a delayed diagnosis of ENKL nasal type.
Improving Barrier Properties of Polypropylene Films
Authors: Mueller Thomas R.
Published: July 2017

The rapid market penetration of reduced and no-fat food items has resulted in packagers' need for films with better barrier properties for both moisture and flavor. This led to our decision to produce polyolefin films to meet these requirements. Crystalline cores, crystalline layers, coatings of acrylic and polyvinylidene chloride copolymers (PVDC), and coextrusions of biaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP) and biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were employed to make these improved films. Permeability tests with menthol and d-limonene showed that in many cases the films with a lowered water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) also provided an improved barrier to these organic compounds, which simulate the flavors and taste of several types of foods.
National Partnership for Maternal Safety: Consensus Bundle on Severe Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Bernstein Peter S. , Martin James N. , Barton John R. , Shields Laurence E. , Druzin Maurice L. , Scavone Barbara M. , Frost Jennifer , Morton Christine H. , Ruhl Catherine , Slager Joan , Tsigas Eleni Z. , Jaffer Sara , Menard M. Kathryn
Published: July 2017

Complications arising from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of preventable severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Timely and appropriate treatment has the potential to significantly reduce hypertension-related complications. To assist health care providers in achieving this goal, this patient safety bundle provides guidance to coordinate and standardize the care provided to women with severe hypertension during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This is one of several patient safety bundles developed by multidisciplinary work groups of the National Partnership for Maternal Safety under the guidance of the Council on Patient Safety in Women’s Health Care. These safety bundles outline critical clinical practices that should be implemented in every maternity care setting. Similar to other bundles that have been developed and promoted by the Partnership, the hypertension safety bundle is organized into four domains:Readiness,Recognition and Prevention, Response, andReporting and Systems Learning. Although the bundle components may be adapted to meet the resources available in individual facilities, standardization within an institution is strongly encouraged. This commentary provides information to assist with bundle implementation.
Chronic urticaria: a focus on pathogenesis
Authors: Asero Riccardo , Tedeschi Alberto , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Cugno Massimo
Published: July 2017

Chronic urticaria is a spontaneous or inducible group of diseases characterized by the occurrence of wheals (and, in about half of cases, angioedema) for more than 6 weeks. These are rather frequent conditions that may severely affect patients’ quality of life and sometimes represent a challenge for doctors as well. The causes of chronic urticaria are still poorly defined, although there is growing evidence that different biologic systems including immunity, inflammation, and coagulation may take part in the pathomechanism eventually leading to mast cell and basophil degranulation and hence to wheal formation. This review will discuss the main findings that are (slowly) shedding light on the pathogenesis of this disorder.
On the Design of Sparse but Efficient Structures in Operations
Authors: Yan Zhenzhen , Gao Sarah Yini , Teo Chung Piaw
Published: July 2017

It is widely believed that a little flexibility added at the right place can reap significant benefits for operations. Unfortunately, despite the extensive literature on this topic, we are not aware of any general methodology that can be used to guide managers in designing sparse (i.e., slightly flexible) and yet efficient operations. We address this issue using a distributionally robust approach to model the performance of a stochastic system under different process structures. We use the dual prices obtained from a related conic program to guide managers in the design process. This leads to a general solution methodology for the construction of efficient sparse structures for several classes of operational problems. Our approach can be used to design simple yet efficient structures for workforce deployment and for any level of sparsity requirement, to respond to deviations and disruptions in the operational environment. Furthermore, in the case of the classical process flexibility problem, our methodology can recover the k-chain structures that are known to be extremely efficient for this type of problem when the system is balanced and symmetric. We can also obtain the analog of 2-chain for nonsymmetrical system using this methodology.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Limit Value of Dynamic Zero-Sum Games with Vanishing Stage Duration
Authors: Sorin Sylvain
Published: July 2017

We consider two-person zero-sum games where the players control, at discrete times {tn} induced by a partition Π of ℝ+, a continuous time Markov process. We prove that the limit of the values υΠ exist as the mesh of Π goes to 0. The analysis covers the cases of (1) stochastic games (where both players know the state), and (2) games with unknown state and symmetric signals.

The proof is by reduction to deterministic differential games.
La capilla de la Inmaculada Concepción de la catedral de Santa María de Vitoria-Gasteiz bajo patronato de los Velasco
Authors: Bartolomé García Fernando R.
Published: July 2017

En este artículo nos centramos en el estudio histórico artístico de la capilla de la Inmaculada Concepción de la catedral de Santa María de Vitoria-Gasteiz. En esta ocasión estudiamos el momento en el que pasó a manos de la familia de los Velasco. Para ello hemos analizando a sus distintos patronos desde el siglo XVII hasta el XX y sus aportaciones a la capilla, destacando la construcción del retablo mayor de la misma durante el siglo XVIII.
La aceptación y la repudiación de herencias por las fundaciones
Authors: Fernández Egea María Ángeles
Published: July 2017

Las fundaciones, en tanto se encuentren válidamente constituidas y gocen de personalidad jurídica, pueden aceptar y repudiar herencias ajustándose a los requisitos establecidos en su normativa específica. Tanto la aceptación a beneficio de inventario por disposición de la ley como la exigencia de posterior comunicación al Protectorado de la repudiación de la herencia y de la aceptación de legados con cargas, pone de manifiesto la necesaria intervención pública en la gestión patrimonial de las fundaciones. Una intervención justificada por el interés general de los fines fundacionales, que ha tenido diferentes intensidades desde el artículo 993 del Código Civil, pasando por la normativa específica de fundaciones y hasta el reciente artículo 93 de la Ley 15/2015, de la Jurisdicción Voluntaria. Sin desconocer que el control administrativo debe subsistir en aquellos supuestos en que pueda tener lugar un deterioro del patrimonio de la fundación con el consiguiente quebranto de los fines fundacionales, la autonomía y libertad de los Patronos debe, no obstante, verse fortalecida.
Ikaskuntza aktiboan oinarritutako eredu baten aplikazioa marketin arloan
Authors: Rincón Virginia , Tamayo Unai
Published: July 2017

El aprendizaje activo sitúa el proceso de aprendizaje en un contexto real y permite desarrollar los contenidos de distintas asignaturas de marketing en torno a un mismo proyecto. En este artículo presentamos el diseño e implementación de un modelo de aprendizaje activo. Mediante este modelo el alumnado desarrolla de manera coordinada los contenidos y habilidades de distintas asignaturas de marketing y afronta problemas de carácter multidisciplinar. Por un lado, presentamos el proceso de planificación de las asignaturas implicadas en el proyecto. Por otro lado, exponemos el proceso de implementación del modelo planteando los resultados más significativos así como las percepciones del alumnado. Como conclusión, subrayamos la capacidad de este modelo para la integración de los contenidos de las distintas asignaturas del área de marketing y para la adquisición de una perspectiva global de la función de marketing.
Berrikuntza Haur Hezkuntzako kanpo espazioan: diseinuaren kalitatea eta haurraren jolasa
Authors: Artola Marta , Larrea Iñaki , Barandiaran Alexander
Published: July 2017

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en realizar y validar una innovación en un espacio exterior de Educación infantil. Se midió la calidad de las interacciones, de la configuración para el juego y el aprendizaje, del programa y del rol del profesor en el espacio exterior con anterioridad y posterioridad a la innovación a través de Preschool Outdoor Environment Measurement Scale. A su vez, se observó a una maestra y a 26 niños y niñas de cuatro años mientras utilizaban el espacio con el objeto de identificar a qué, con qué y cómo jugaban. Los resultados obtenidos pusieron de manifiesto que, tras la innovación, la calidad del espacio exterior mejoró en las dimensiones de interacciones, configuración para el juego y el aprendizaje y el programa. Por el contrario, no se halló ninguna diferencia en la dimensión del rol de profesor. Por lo que respecta al juego, se observaron episodios de juego más diversos después de realizar la innovación.
“Childhood Cuts Festered and Never Scabbed Over”: Child Abuse in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child
Authors: López Ramírez Manuela
Published: July 2017

Toni Morrison revisits one of the main thematic concerns, child abuse and trauma, of her premier novel, The Bluest Eye, in her latest book God Help the Child. She has actually dealt profusely with all sorts of child maltreatment in her oeuvre. In her recent narrative, Morrison weaves a tangled web of childhood trauma stories, in which all of the characters have suffered some kind of abuse: neglect, witnessing domestic violence, emotional and psychological abuse, molestation, sexual abuse, etc. She shows how the child’s exposure to traumatic experiences has dramatic far-reaching effects into adulthood, such as psychological, emotional, behavioral and social problems. Morrison explores the curse of the past, the legacy of slavery and its aftermath, and its hold on the present, through the phenomenon of colorism. Racism and intra-racial discrimination based on the skin color result in childhood trauma. Children may adopt coping strategies to resist maltreatment or they may internalize oppression and accept self-loathing. Violence generates violence, a vicious cycle which will eventually make the victims future victimizers. Nonetheless, God Help the Child is not only about childhood abuse and trauma, but it is also about transformation and healing. Morrison describes the characters’ restorative journeys towards redemption.
Human Milk in the Second Year Nutritional and Economic Considerations for Indonesia
Authors: Rohde Jon E.
Published: July 2017

That mother milk provides the ideal infant diet is accepted by all but the most myopic diehards of the processed milk industry. Mortality in breast fed infants may be as low as one tenth of that experienced amongst their unfortunate bottle fed peers who often succumb to the ravages of diarrhea, marasmus and opportunistic infections (Harfouche, 1970). Mother milk approaches an ideal composition for the human, is cheap, sterile, readily available and, provides protection against certain infections.
Training of Paramedical Personnel. Understanding priorities in treatment of diarrhea
Authors: Rohde Jon E.
Published: July 2017

Training of medical personnel must emphasize the importtance of dehydration, its diagnosis, recognition, prevention and treatment. Maintenance of body hydration is the key to therapy for cholera, amoebiasis, toxin producing E. coli, measles, lactose intolerance, acute food poisoning, dengue hemorrhagic fever, viral enteritis, heat stoke; the list is almost endless. Management is basically the same for all.
The Quartan Malarial Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Hendrickse R. G.
Published: July 2017

The Nephrotic Syndrome as classically described is a disease of unknown aetiology with a peak incidence in the first three years of life, highly selective proteinuria, minimal histological changes in the kidney and usually responsive to steroid therapy. Studies in tropical Africa in recent years have revealed a high incidence of the nephrotic syndrome in childhood which shows many differences from the syndrome as described elsewhere. The vast majority of cases occur in association with P. malariae infection, the peak incidence occurs at 5 - 6 years of age, proteinuria is usually poorly selective, distinctive histological changes are found in the majority and response to steroids, and other forms of treatment, is in general poor.
Recent Advances in the Indonesian Paediatric Gastroenterology
Authors: Suharjono Suharjono , Sunoto Sunoto , Budiarso Aswitha , Tumbelaka W.A.F.J. , Gracey Michael
Published: July 2017

Recent advances in the Indonesian Paediatric Gastroenterology have been presented in the 4 following headings and conclusions :(1)'ROSE' system as the principle of treatment of diarrhoea, which is proven to be effective and gives an excellent result in reducing the case fatality rate of acute gastroenteritis, especially cholera.(2) MCT and low lactose containing formula in low birth weight infants gives good to excellent results in improving fat malabsoprtion, ceasing the diarrhoea and increase of body weight.(3} The preliminary study in malnourished Indonesian children has shown that the paediatric enterotest duodenal capsule can be used to study the upper intestinal microflora. It is useful in studying the human intestinal microflora in places where radiologic examination is not available and can easily be used in field studies.(4) The presesent report is the first study to document duovirus shown electron microscopically as virus particles in faecal specimens from children in Indonesia where malnutrition and diarrhoea remain important problems.
Neonatal Tetanus
Authors: Tjandra H. , Munir M.
Published: July 2017

Analysis of 108 cases of Neonatal Tetanus by using a scoring system (Tjandra et al., 1974) revealed that 18 patients belonged to Grade I with a mortality rate of 5.6%; 43 belonged to Grade II with a mortality nate of 58.1%; and 47 belonged to Grade III with 91.5% mortality. The differences of mortality between the 3 groups are statistically significant. Mortality rate of 1973 was the lowest (50%) compared to that of 1972 (75%); 1974 (72.2%) and 1975 (61.4%). However, the number of patients belonging to Grade I in 1973 was the highest, 36.4%; whereas that of 1972 was 16.7%; 1974 was 11.1% and 1975 was 9.1 %. Classification of severity in Neonatal Tetanus is therefore, not only important for selecting a "treatment of choice" by comparing mortality rates of those having the same grade of severity, but may be also very useful in determining the method of treatment for different levels of severity.
Neonatal Urinary Ascites due to Kinking of the Right Ureter
Authors: Basir Darfioes , Darwis Darlan , Halimun E.M. , Aminullah Asril
Published: July 2017

A case of neonatal urinary ascites in a female newborn infant due to kinkingof the right ureter is presented. The diagnosis was based on the following findings: clinically, the presence of ascites which was confirmed radiologically,and by abdominal parfacentesis; by I.V.P. and operatively. After operative relief of the obstruction, the ascites disappeared and on the 8th day after operation she was discharged in a good condition.
Pediatric Cardiology in The Past, Present, and Future: Its Role in The Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Madiyono Bambang
Published: July 2017

The title mentioned above is chosen in a consideration that we are now entering the Second Stage Long-Term Development Plan (or PJP-II), even the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan is being passed in part. This is a stage of quality and productivity improvement of our human resources for the sake of developmental success to achieve a fair and wealthy society based on the Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945. In his presidential speech before the General Meeting of People's Advisory Assembly or MPR on Friday, Aug. 16, 1996, President Soeharto declared that: "The service of public health has been continuously improving. Various efforts in the medical sector has already reduced the infant mortality, increased the life expectancy, reduced the population growth, and improved the quality of other physical and spiritual life."On the other side, cardiovascular disease, according to the Indonesian Household Health Survey of 1996, has become a major problem, with high morbidity and mortality. It is this critical condition that made a starting point to this discussion. I hope that this following discussion can be seen as a contribution in the development of pediatrics, especially in pediatric cardiology, for the benefit of our nation progress in raising the quality of our human resources in order to face the era of globalization.
Storage and methyl jasmonate in postharvest conservation of roses cv. Avalanche
Authors: Manfredini Guilherme Mariano , Paiva Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira , Almeida Elka Fabiana Aparecida , Dos Reis Michele Valquíria , Maia Mariane Oliveira
Published: July 2017

The use of methyl jasmonate has demonstrated its efficiency to extend the vase life of cut flowers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate associated with storage at low temperatures on the postharvest quality of Rosa cv. Avalanche stems. The treatments consisted of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μM of methyl jasmonate, besides the control with distilled water. The flower buds were sprayed with 4 mL of the solution, according to the treatments, and then kept in a cold chamber (1 °C) for periods of 2 and 6 days. Subsequently, the stems were taken to the postharvest laboratory at a temperature of 16 °C. Better quality, higher fresh weight and water absorption were observed in flower stems stored for 2 days. The application of methyl jasmonate caused less turgescence and greater darkening of roses. It was possible to conclude that two days is the best storage time at 1 °C and the use of methyl jasmonate does not maintain the quality of roses cv. Avalanche after harvest.
Austenitic Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels : A Review
Authors: Raman Lavanya , Gothandapani Karthick , Murty B.S.
Published: July 2017

Materials play an important role in the fast breeder reactors.  Materials used in cladding tube and fuel pins should have better creep and void swelling resistance. To overcome these difficulties, a new class of material known as oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are used. There are two groups of ODS steels, the ferritic and the austenitic ODS steels based on the matrix. The present paper reviews the current status of research in austenitic ODS steels. The interaction of dislocations with finely dispersed incoherent, hard particles that governs the strength and high temperature properties of ODS materials is briefly reviewed. The synthesis route adopted for these ODS steels, which is mostly through powder metallurgy route is also discussed. The role of various oxides such as Y2O3, ZrO2and TiO2and the clusters formed in these ODS steels on the mechanical properties and void swelling characteristics is also discussed.
Harvesting Power Through Random Vibrations of Aerospace Vehicles from Nanostructured La-Pb(Ni1/3Sb2/3) - PbZrTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Kumar H.H. , Lonkar C.M. , K. Balasubramanian
Published: July 2017

Synthesis by mechanochemical activation route and optimisation for power harvesting properties of nano-structured Pb0.98La0.02(NiSb)0.05[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.995]0.95O3 [La-PNS-PZT] ferroelectric ceramic composition has been carried out and reported here for the first time. Progressive perovskite phase formation during mechanical activation from 5 h to 40 h followed by reactive sintering was analyzed from X-Ray Diffraction analysis. Noticeable formation of perovskite phase after10 h of milling and further its completion in successive reactive sintering was observed. Particle morphology of the 10 h activated nano-La-PNS-PZT powder analysed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) indicated average particle size (d50) of about 24nm. Microstructural studies of samples reactively sintered at 1220 °C were performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for powders activated for various durations, indicated the compact microstructure for 10 h activation which resulted in optimum piezoelectric properties viz. piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33=449x10-12 C/N), piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33= 32x10-3 m-V/N), Figure of merit for power harvesting (14.4 x10-12 V-m-C/N2) accompanied by excellent stability of permittivity in the range -50 °C to 100 °C. The output voltage obtained from simulated random vibrations of aerospace vehicles at various Power Spectrum Density (PSD) values, measures about 3.0 mV output across resistance of 1 kΩ  indicating suitability of composition for harvesting the power from aerospace vehicle vibrations.
High Sensitive Electrical Metamaterial Sensor for Fuel Adulteration Detection
Authors: Rawat Vaishali , Nadkarni Vihang , Kale S.N.
Published: July 2017

Life of any automobile engine is largely dependent on the purity as well as the optimum ratios of their fuels, viz. petrol, diesel and ethanol. A device working on the electrical metamaterial concept, namely a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), operating at 2.47 GHz (ISM band), is proposed to detect kerosene adulteration in petrol. Kerosene was varied upto 30 per cent with minimum detection limit as low as 10 per cent. Systematic shifts in the transmission resonance frequency were observed. The sensing was fast and the recovery was instantaneous. The underlying concept of interference of electromagnetic radiation through the CSRR circuit and its further manipulation with the changes in the dielectric ambience is elaborated.
Are lower TSH cutoffs in neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism warranted?
Authors: Lain Samantha , Trumpff Caroline , Grosse Scott D , Olivieri Antonella , Van Vliet Guy
Published: July 2017

When newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) using thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) as a primary screening test was introduced, typical TSH screening cutoffs were 20–50 U/L of whole blood. Over the years, lowering of TSH cutoffs has contributed to an increased prevalence of detected CH. However, a consensus on the benefit deriving from lowering TSH cutoffs at screening is lacking. The present paper outlines arguments both for and against the lowering of TSH cutoffs at NBS. It includes a review of recently published evidence from Australia, Belgium and Italy. A section focused on economic implications of lowering TSH cutoffs is also provided. One issue that bears further examination is the extent to which mild iodine deficiency at the population level might affect the association of neonatal TSH values with cognitive and developmental outcomes. A debate on TSH cutoffs provides the opportunity to reflect on how to make NBS for CH more effective and to guarantee optimum neurocognitive development and a good quality of life to babies with mild as well as with severe CH. All authors of this debate article agree on the need to establish optimal TSH cutoffs for screening programs in various settings and to ensure the benefits of screening and access to care for newborns worldwide.
Functional Profiling of Transcription Factor Genes inNeurospora crassa
Authors: Carrillo Alexander J , Schacht Patrick , Cabrera Ilva E , Blahut Johnathon , Prudhomme Loren , Dietrich Sarah , Bekman Thomas , Mei Jennifer , Carrera Cristian , Chen Vivian , Clark Isaiah , Fierro Gerardo , Ganzen Logan , Orellana Jose , Wise Shelby , Yang Kevin , Zhong Hui , Borkovich Katherine A
Published: July 2017

Regulation of gene expression by DNA-binding transcription factors is essential for proper control of growth and development in all organisms. In this study, we annotate and characterize growth and developmental phenotypes for transcription factor genes in the model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. We identified 312 transcription factor genes, corresponding to 3.2% of the protein coding genes in the genome. The largest class was the fungal-specific Zn2Cys6 (C6) binuclear cluster, with 135 members, followed by the highly conserved C2H2 zinc finger group, with 61 genes. Viable knockout mutants were produced for 273 genes, and complete growth and developmental phenotypic data are available for 242 strains, with 64% possessing at least one defect. The most prominent defect observed was in growth of basal hyphae (43% of mutants analyzed), followed by asexual sporulation (38%), and the various stages of sexual development (19%). Two growth or developmental defects were observed for 21% of the mutants, while 8% were defective in all three major phenotypes tested. Analysis of available mRNA expression data for a time course of sexual development revealed mutants with sexual phenotypes that correlate with transcription factor transcript abundance in wild type. Inspection of this data also implicated cryptic roles in sexual development for several cotranscribed transcription factor genes that do not produce a phenotype when mutated.
Noncanonical Decapentaplegic Signaling Activates Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 To Restrict Hedgehog Activity and Limit Ectopic Eye Differentiation in Drosophila
Authors: Aggarwal Poonam , Gera Jayati , Ghosh Saikat , Mandal Lolitika , Mandal Sudip
Published: July 2017

One of the pertinent issues associated with cellular plasticity is to understand how the delicate balance between the determined state of cells and the extent to which they can transdetermine is maintained. Employing the well-established model of generating ectopic eyes in developing wing discs of Drosophila by ectopic eyeless expression, we provide evidence for the genetic basis of this mechanism. By both loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic analyses, we demonstrate that Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1) plays an important role in regulating the extent of ectopic ommatidial differentiation. Transcriptional activation of ectopic Mmp1 by the morphogen Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is not triggered by its canonical signaling pathway which involves Mad. Rather, Dpp activates an alternate cascade involving dTak1 and JNK, to induce ectopic Mmp1 expression. Mutational analyses reveal that Mmp1 negatively regulates ectopic eye differentiation by restricting the rate of proliferation and the levels of expression of retinal-determining genes dachshund and eyes absent. This is primarily achieved by restricting the range of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Importantly, the increase in proliferation and upregulation of target retinal-determining genes, as observed upon attenuating Mmp1 activity, gets significantly rescued when ectopic eyes are generated in wing discs of hh heterozygous mutants. In conjunction with the previously established instructive and permissive roles of Dpp in facilitating ectopic eye differentiation in wing discs, the outcome of this study sheds light on a mechanism by which Dpp plays a dual role in modulating the delicate balance between the determined state of cells and the extent they can transdetermine.