bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal polarised pattern synthesis of wideband arrays via convex optimisation
Authors: Li Mianquan , Chang Yuliang , Li Yongzhen , Dong J. , Wang Xuesong
Published: August 2013

The digital wideband arrays with data converters and digital signal processing capability permit greater flexibility in the pattern synthesis than conventional time‐delay steered wideband arrays, which provides an opportunity to solve the polarised pattern synthesis of wideband arrays by using numerical optimisation algorithms. A finite‐impulse response (FIR) filter is placed at each element to directly optimise the synthesised polarisation and wideband power patterns. Both the optimisations of the sum and difference patterns are formulated as convex programming problems to obtain efficient solutions. The proposed synthesis method, which has no special requirement on the array geometry and element pattern, is flexible and applicable to arbitrary arrays. By optimising the complex coefficients of FIR filters, any state of polarisation can be synthesised in a given angle‐frequency space with frequency‐invariant main beams and arbitrary sidelobe upper bounds. Various design examples are presented to testify the potentiality of the proposed method.
Clustering based on multiple biological information: approach for predicting protein complexes
Authors: Tang Xiwei , Feng Qilong , Wang Jianxin , He Yiming , Pan Yi
Published: August 2013

Protein complexes are a cornerstone of many biological processes. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) data enable a number of computational methods for predicting protein complexes. However, the insufficiency of the PPI data significantly lowers the accuracy of computational methods. In the current work, the authors develop a novel method named clustering based on multiple biological information (CMBI) to discover protein complexes via the integration of multiple biological resources including gene expression profiles, essential protein information and PPI data. First, CMBI defines the functional similarity of each pair of interacting proteins based on the edge‐clustering coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Second, CMBI selects essential proteins as seeds to build the protein complexes. A redundancy‐filtering procedure is performed to eliminate redundant complexes. In addition to the essential proteins, CMBI also uses other proteins as seeds to expand protein complexes. To check the performance of CMBI, the authors compare the complexes discovered by CMBI with the ones found by other techniques by matching the predicted complexes against the reference complexes. The authors use subsequently GO::TermFinder to analyse the complexes predicted by various methods. Finally, the effect of parameters T and R is investigated. The results from GO functional enrichment and matching analyses show that CMBI performs significantly better than the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Construction and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism–single nucleotide polymorphism interaction networks
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Xutao , Liu Zhiping , Chen Luonan , Ng Michael K.
Published: August 2013

The study of gene regulatory network and protein–protein interaction network is believed to be fundamental to the understanding of molecular processes and functions in systems biology. In this study, the authors are interested in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level and construct SNP–SNP interaction network to understand genetic characters and pathogenetic mechanisms of complex diseases. The authors employ existing methods to mine, model and evaluate a SNP sub‐network from SNP–SNP interactions. In the study, the authors employ the two SNP datasets: Parkinson disease and coronary artery disease to demonstrate the procedure of construction and analysis of SNP–SNP interaction networks. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate the procedure of construction and analysis of such SNP–SNP interaction networks can recover some existing biological results and related disease genes.
Latent factor analysis facilitates modelling of oncogenic genes for colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fu Changhe , Deng Su , Song Qiqing , Jing Ling
Published: August 2013

Identification of oncogenic genes from a large sample number of genomic data is a challenge. In this study, a well‐established latent factor model, Bayesian factor and regression model, are applied to predict unknown colon cancer related genes from colon adenocarcinoma genomic data. Four important latent factors were addressed by the latent factor model, focusing on characterisation of heterogeneity of expression patterns of specific oncogenic genes by using microarray data of 174 colon cancer patients. Based on the fact that variables included in the same latent factor have some common characteristics and known cancer related genes in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, the authors found that the four latent factors can be employed to predict unknown colon cancer related genes that were never reported in the literature. The authors validated 15 identified genes by checking their somatic mutations of the same patients from DNA sequencing data.
Gene expression rate comparison for multiple high‐throughput datasets
Authors: Chen Chien‐Ming , Shih Tsan‐Huang , Pai Tun‐Wen , Liu Zhen‐Long , Chang Margaret Dah‐Tsyr , Hu Chin‐Hwa
Published: August 2013

Microarray provides genome‐wide transcript profiles, whereas RNA‐seq is an alternative approach applied for transcript discovery and genome annotation. Both high‐throughput techniques show quantitative measurement of gene expression. To explore differential gene expression rates and understand biological functions, the authors designed a system which utilises annotations from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) associations for integrating multiple RNA‐seq or microarray datasets. The developed system is initiated by either estimating gene expression levels from mapping next generation sequencing short reads onto reference genomes or performing intensity analysis from microarray raw images. Normalisation procedures on expression levels are evaluated and compared through different approaches including Reads Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads (RPKM) and housekeeping gene selection. Such gene expression levels are shown in different colour shades and graphically displayed in designed temporal pathways. To enhance importance of functional relationships of clustered genes, representative GO terms associated with differentially expressed gene cluster are visually illustrated in a tag cloud representation.
Fluoroscopically Guided Extraforaminal Cervical Nerve Root Blocks: Analysis of Epidural Flow of the Injectate with Respect to Needle Tip Position
Authors: Shipley Kyle , Riew K. Daniel , Gilula Louis A.
Published: August 2013

Study Design

Retrospective evaluation of consecutively performed fluoroscopically guided cervical nerve root blocks.

Objective

To describe the incidence of injectate central epidural flow with respect to needle tip position during fluoroscopically guided extraforaminal cervical nerve root blocks (ECNRBs).

Methods

Between February 19, 2003 and June 11, 2003, 132 consecutive fluoroscopically guided ECNRBs performed with contrast media in the final injected material (injectate) were reviewed on 95 patients with average of 1.3 injections per patient. Fluoroscopic spot images documenting the procedure were obtained as part of standard quality assurance. An independent observer not directly involved in the procedures retrospectively reviewed the images, and the data were placed into a database. Image review was performed to determine optimal needle tip positioning for injectate epidural flow.

Results

Central epidural injectate flow was obtained in only 28.9% of injections with the needle tip lateral to midline of the lateral mass (zone 2). 83.8% of injectate went into epidural space when the needle tip was medial to midline of the lateral mass (zone 3). 100% of injectate flowed epidurally when the needle tip was medial to or at the medial cortex of the lateral mass (zone 4). There was no statistically significant difference with regards to central epidural flow and the needle tip position on lateral view.

Conclusion

To ensure central epidural flow with ECNRBs one must be prepared to pass the needle tip medial to midplane of the lateral mass or to medial cortex of the lateral mass. Approximately 16% of ECNRBs with needle tip medial to midline of the lateral mass did not flow into epidural space. One cannot claim a nerve block is an epidural block unless epidural flow of injectate is observed.
Effect of a floating electrode on a plasma jet
Authors: Hu J. T. , Wang J. G. , Liu X. Y. , Liu D. W. , Lu X. P. , Shi J. J. , Ostrikov K.
Published: August 2013

Two kinds of floating electrode, floating dielectric barrier covered electrode (FDBCE) and floating pin electrode (FPE), which can enhance the performance of plasma jet are reported. The intense discharge between the floating electrode and power electrode decreased the voltage to trigger the plasma jet substantially. The transition of plasma bullet from ring shape to disk shape in the high helium concentration region happened when the floating electrode was totally inside the powered ring electrode. The enhanced electric field between propagating plasma bullet and ground electrode is the reason for this transition. The double plasma bullets happened when part of the FDBCE was outside the powered ring electrode, which is attributed to the structure and surface charge of FDBCE. As part of the FPE was outside the powered ring electrode, the return stroke resulted in a single intensified plasma channel between FPE and ground electrode.
Enhanced ionization of the non-symmetric HeH+ molecule driven by intense ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Dehghanian E. , Bandrauk A. D. , Lagmago Kamta G.
Published: August 2013

We study enhanced single and double ionizations and enhanced single and double excitations in the nonsymmetric two-electron diatomic molecular ion HeH+ in an intense ultrashort laser pulse linearly polarized along the internuclear axis (z axis). We solve a three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, TDSE, via correlated two-electron ab initio calculations within the fixed-nuclei approximation. A complex scaling method is used for calculation of both single and double ionizations. These nonperturbative processes increase with large internuclear distance R and reach a maximum at some critical distance Rc and decrease by further increase of R. This enhanced ionization (EI) at Rc is accompanied by enhanced single and double excitation processes. Furthermore, EI is stronger when the permanent dipole moment of the molecule and the electric field at the peak of the laser pulse are antiparallel than when they are parallel. We predict analytically the Rc at which the enhancement of all these molecular processes happens in HeH+ from a simple quasistatic model and investigate the effect of Carrier Envelope Phase on these nonlinear nonperturbative processes.
Kirkwood-Buff analysis of aqueous N-methylacetamide and acetamide solutions modeled by the CHARMM additive and Drude polarizable force fields
Authors: Lin Bin , Lopes Pedro E. M. , Roux Benoît , MacKerell Alexander D.
Published: August 2013

Kirkwood-Buff analysis was performed on aqueous solutions of N-methylacetamide and acetamide using the Chemistry at HARvard Molecular Mechanics additive and Drude polarizable all-atom force fields. Comparison of a range of properties with experimental results, including Kirkwood-Buff integrals, excess coordination numbers, solution densities, partial molar values, molar enthalpy of mixing, showed both models to be well behaved at higher solute concentrations with the Drude model showing systematic improvement at lower solution concentrations. However, both models showed difficulties reproducing experimental activity derivatives and the excess Gibbs energy, with the Drude model performing slightly better. At the molecular level, the improved agreement of the Drude model at low solute concentrations is due to increased structure in the solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions. The present results indicate that the explicit inclusion of electronic polarization leads to improved modeling of dilute solutions even when those properties are not included as target data during force field optimization.
Dark-field third-harmonic imaging
Authors: Doronina-Amitonova L. V. , Lanin A. A. , Fedotov I. V. , Ivashkina O. I. , Zots M. A. , Fedotov A. B. , Anokhin K. V. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: August 2013

Coherent cancellation of third-harmonic generation (THG) in a tightly focused laser beam is shown to enable a label-free imaging of individual neurons in representative brain tissues. The intrinsic coherence of third-harmonic buildup and cancellation combined with the nonlinear nature of the process enhances the locality of the dark signal in THG, translating into a remarkable sharpness of dark-field THG images. Unique advantages of this technique for high-contrast subcellular-resolution neuroimaging are demonstrated by comparing THG images of hippocampus and somatosensory cortex in a mouse brain with images visualizing fluorescent protein biomarkers.
Protonated nitrous oxide, NNOH+: Fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants from quartic force fields
Authors: Huang Xinchuan , Fortenberry Ryan C. , Lee Timothy J.
Published: August 2013

The interstellar presence of protonated nitrous oxide has been suspected for some time. Using established high-accuracy quantum chemical techniques, spectroscopic constants and fundamental vibrational frequencies are provided for the lower energy O-protonated isomer of this cation and its deuterated isotopologue. The vibrationally-averaged B0 and C0 rotational constants are within 6 MHz of their experimental values and the DJ quartic distortion constants agree with experiment to within 3%. The known gas phase O−H stretch of NNOH+ is 3330.91 cm−1, and the vibrational configuration interaction computed result is 3330.9 cm−1. Other spectroscopic constants are also provided, as are the rest of the fundamental vibrational frequencies for NNOH+ and its deuterated isotopologue. This high-accuracy data should serve to better inform future observational or experimental studies of the rovibrational bands of protonated nitrous oxide in the interstellar medium and the laboratory.
Defect formation and thermal stability of H in high dose H implanted ZnO
Authors: Chan K. S. , Vines L. , Johansen K. M. , Monakhov E. V. , Ye J. D. , Parkinson P. , Jagadish C. , Svensson B. G. , Wong-Leung J.
Published: August 2013

We studied the structural properties, defect formation, and thermal stability of H in hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals implanted with H- dose ranging from 2.5×1016 to 1×1017 cm−2. H implantation is found to create deformed layers with a uniaxial strain of 0.5–2.4% along the c-axis in ZnO, for the low and high dose, respectively. About 0.2–0.4% of the original implanted H concentration can still be detected in the samples by secondary ion mass spectrometry after annealing at a temperature up to 800 °C. The thermally stable H is tentatively attributed to H related defect complexes involving the substitutional H that are bound to O vacancies and/or the highly mobile interstitial H that are bound to substitutional Li occupying Zn vacancies as the samples are cooled slowly from high temperature annealing. H implantation to a dose of 1×1017 cm−2 and followed by annealing at 800 °C, is found to result in the formation of vacancy clusters that evolved into faceted voids with diameter varying from 2 to 30 nm. The truncations around the voids form more favorably on the O-terminated surface than on the Zn-terminated surface, suggesting that O is a preferred surface polarity for the internal facets of the voids in the presence of H.
Continuous weak measurement of a trapped electron using a percolation field effect transistor
Authors: Fleming S. , Milne W. I. , Hasko D. G.
Published: August 2013

We investigate the use of a percolation-field-effect-transistor for the continuous weak measurement of a spatially Rabi oscillating trapped electron through the change in percolation pathway of the transistor channel. In contrast to conventional devices, this detection mechanism in principle does not require a change in the stored energy of the gate capacitance to modify the drain current, so reducing the measurement back-action. The signal-to-noise ratio and measurement bandwidth are seen to be improved compared to conventional devices, allowing further aspects of the dynamic behaviour to be observed.
Atomic-scale mechanism for pressure-induced amorphization of β-eucryptite
Authors: Narayanan Badri , Reimanis Ivar E. , Ciobanu Cristian V.
Published: August 2013

We present here a reactive force field based metadynamics study of pressure-induced amorphization in β-eucryptite, a lithium aluminum silicate that exhibits negative thermal expansion, i.e., volumetric contraction upon heating. From our simulations, we found that β-eucryptite amorphizes under a moderate applied pressure of ∼3 GPa. A careful inspection of the amorphous phase showed that it contains AlO3, AlO4, AlO5, and SiO4 polyhedra, indicating clear short-range order. We have also identified the atomic-scale processes responsible for the amorphization of β-eucryptite. These processes are (a) tilting and distortion of tetrahedra centered at Al/Si, (b) change in atomic coordination around Al, and (c) disordering of Li atoms with the formation of Li-Li, Li-O, and Li-O-Li linkages. We discuss our results in the context of a possible general link between negative thermal expansion, radiation tolerance, and pressure-induced amorphization in flexible network structures.
Polarization rotation and field induced phase transition in PZN-4.5%PT single crystal
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: August 2013

We have investigated both the polarization rotations and the field induced phase transitions in [100], [110], and [111]-oriented PZN-4.5%PT single crystals on the basis of the single domain polarization rotation model. The dependence of the polarization, the electrostrictive response, and the lattice parameters in ferroelectric crystals on the field has been numerically obtained. The numerical results, in agreement with the experimental data, have shown that the polarization rotation is strongly dependent on the initial polarization state and polarization history in the single crystals, and the rhombohedral-monoclinic-tetragonal phase transitions occur for E//[100].
Charge-dependent oxygen vacancy diffusion in Al2O3-based resistive-random-access-memories
Authors: Yang Moon Young , Kamiya Katsumasa , Magyari-Köpe Blanka , Niwa Masaaki , Nishi Yoshio , Shiraishi Kenji
Published: August 2013

We theoretically study an oxygen vacancy (VO) diffusion in Al2O3-based resistive-random-access-memories (ReRAMs). We find that the activation energy of VO diffusion in Al2O3 strongly depends on the charge state of VO. In ReRAM, the charge state of VO can be easily changed by applying voltage and the lowest activation energy is observed at q = 2+. The operation voltage on Al2O3-based ReRAM is close to the activation energy at q = 2+, indicating that VO diffuses with doubly positive state. Moreover, the activation energy at q = 0 is close to that observed in bulk Al2O3, which explains the discrepancy between previous experimental and theoretical studies.
First-principles study of energetic and electronic properties of δ-Re6MO12 (Re = Ho, Gd, Y; M = U, W)
Authors: Chen L. J. , Su X. , Wen J. , Yang D. Y. , Li Y. H. , Hu B. T.
Published: August 2013

First-principles calculations have been performed to study the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of δ-Re6MO12 (Re = Ho, Gd, Y; M = U, W). The calculated results indicated that the energetic tendencies for the formation of Frenkel-pair defects of δ-Re6MO12 are consistent with the experimental results, and the Frenkel-pair defects have a significant influence on radiation-induced phase transformation. Density of states (DOS) analysis showed hybridizations between W 5d and O 2p states in Y6WO12 and between U 6d and O 2p states in Re6UO12 (Re = Ho, Gd, Y) are observed, but the interaction ⟨M-O⟩ orbital is much stronger in Re6UO12 (Re = Ho, Gd, Y) than that in Y6WO12. Bader charge analysis revealed that ⟨U-O⟩ bond in Re6UO12 (Re = Ho, Gd, Y) is more covalent than ⟨W-O⟩ bond in Y6WO12. It was proposed that ⟨M-O⟩ bond may play a more significant role in determining their radiation tolerance.
The role of charged particles in the positive corona-generated photon count in a rod to plane air gap
Authors: Bian X. M. , Wan S. W. , Liu L. , Wang Y. J. , MacAlpine J. M. K. , Chen L. , Wang L. M. , Guan Z. C.
Published: August 2013

The relationship between the calculated charged-particle densities in positive corona, the rate of streamer production, and the photon count from the corona were investigated and found to be closely related. Both the densities of electrons and positive ions peaked at 11.8 kV, near the corona inception voltage; they then fell rapidly before slowly rising again. This behavior was exactly matched by the measured photon count. The calculation of the charged-particle density in a positive corona was achieved by means of a fluid model.
Terahertz absorbing AlGaN/GaN multi-quantum-wells: Demonstration of a robust 4-layer design
Authors: Beeler M. , Bougerol C. , Bellet-Amalric E. , Monroy E.
Published: August 2013

We report on AlGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well structures displaying intersubband absorption in the THz spectral range. First, we theoretically analyze the weaknesses of the state-of-the-art GaN-based step-quantum-well architecture from an optoelectronic standpoint. We then propose a modified geometry with improved structural robustness considering the uncertainties associated to the growth. This later structure, consisting of 4-layer quantum wells, has been grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy and characterized structurally and optically. Low temperature absorption of samples with different Si doping levels confirms intersubband transitions in the far-infrared, centred at 28 μm.
Molecular-like Ag clusters sensitized near-infrared down-conversion luminescence in oxyfluoride glasses for broadband spectral modification
Authors: Lin Hang , Chen Daqin , Yu Yunlong , Zhang Rui , Wang Yuansheng
Published: August 2013

Molecular-like Ag clusters sized at 1–4 nm have been stabilized in Pb/Cd-free oxyfluoride glasses, showing broadband excitation/emission characteristics and unique wavelength-dependent luminescent performance with a maximal quantum yield of 26.9%. It was experimentally demonstrated that an energy transfer route of Ag clusters → Tb3+ → Yb3+ occurs in Ag+/Tb3+/Yb3+ tri-doped sample, wherein Ag clusters act as sensitizers for near-infrared down-conversion spectral modification. Hopefully, the proposed strategy that noble metal clusters being applied for harvesting solar radiation may potentially solve the sticky problems of the narrow excitation bandwidth and the low excitation efficiency in rare earth ions doped down-conversion materials.
Reversible nanoscale switching of polytwin orientation in a ferroelectric thin film induced by a local electric field
Authors: Garcia-Melendrez A. , Durkan C.
Published: August 2013

The response to a local, tip-induced electric field of ferroelastic domains in thin polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate films with predominantly (110) orientation has been studied using Enhanced Piezoresponse Force Microscopy. Two types of reversible polytwin switching between well-defined orientations have been observed. When a-c domains are switched to other forms of a-c domains, the ferroelastic domain walls rotate in-plane by 109.5°, and when a-c domains are switched to c-c domains (or vice-versa), the walls rotate by 54.75°.
Flexible solid-state symmetric supercapacitors based on MnO2 nanofilms with high rate capability and long cyclability
Authors: Wu Lingxia , Li Ruizhi , Guo Junling , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Wenpei , Wang Chong , Huang Yu , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping
Published: August 2013

Flexible solid-state symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using MnO2 nanofilms growing directly on carbon cloth as the electrodes and PVA/H3PO4 gel as the electrolyte/separator. The device can be operated at a stable cell-voltage up to 1.4 V, obviously larger than that of conventional solid-state symmetric supercapacitors (≤1 V). It exhibited excellent rate capability with a scan rate as high as 20 V s−1 and a long cyclability (∼60000 cycles) even under severe mechanical deformation. The charge storage mechanism at different scan rates was also quantitatively analyzed.
Next generation nanolithography based on Ru/Be and Rh/Sr multilayer optics
Authors: Chkhalo N. I. , Salashchenko N. N.
Published: August 2013

A prospective move to 10.5 and 11.2 nm wavelengths, as an alternative to 6.7 and 13.5 nm, for next generation nanolithography is discussed. Ten-mirror optical systems based on Ru/Be, Mo/Be, Rh/Sr, Mo/Si, and La/B multilayers were compared for efficiency at their working wavelengths. It is shown that a transition to 10.5 nm and 11.2 nm may be a solution to the problem of increasing performance and resolution of a projection system.
Investigations on the growth of manifold morphologies and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Venkatesh P. Sundara , Ramakrishnan V. , Jeganathan K.
Published: August 2013

The growth of ZnO nanostructures under various combinations of argon and oxygen pressures by radio frequency magnetron sputtering has been reported. The anisotropic transformation of nanostructures from the vertical standing nanorods to self branched lateral nanowires has been observed due to the change in the migration length of the adatoms owing to the deposition pressure and temperature. A dominant (002) reflection having narrow full width at half maximum of the vertical standing nanorods depicts the preferential orientation along c-axis of wurtzite ZnO with high crystalline nature. It is further substantiated by a sharp E2high phonon mode of ZnO nanorods at 437.2 cm−1. A broad green emission at 2.28 eV pertaining to oxygen vacancies that quenches with increasing the oxygen pressure due to the compensation of oxygen vacancies while zinc vacancy mediated emission at 3.01 eV is enhanced.
LUISA: A Land-Use Interaction with Social Accounting Model; Presentation and Enhanced Calibration Method
Authors: Echenique Marcial H , Grinevich Vadim , Hargreaves Anthony J , Zachariadis Vassilis
Published: August 2013

Random utility modelling has been established as one of the main paradigms for the implementation of land-use spatial interaction (LUSI) models. We present a detailed formal description of a LUSI model that adheres to the random utility paradigm through the explicit distinction between utility and cost across all processes that represent the behaviour of agents. The model is rooted in a social accounting matrix, with the workforce and households accounts being disaggregated by socioeconomic type. Similarly, the land account is broken down by domestic and nondomestic land-use types. The model is developed around two processes. Firstly, the generation of demand for inputs required by established production; when appropriate the implicit production functions are assumed to depend on costs of inputs, which give rise to price-elastic demands. And, secondly, the spatial assignment of demanded inputs to locations of their production; here sequences of decisions are used to distribute demand both spatially and aspatially, and to propagate costs and utilities of production and consumption that emerge from imbalances between supply and demand. The implementation of this generic model is discussed in relation to the case of the UK. The model has been developed for testing the sustainability of integrated economic, spatial development policies, and output information for estimating urban form and the potential for decentralised technologies. The inputs include area-wide socioeconomic forecasts and the allocation policy of urban land. The outputs include the spatial allocation of activities and prices of labour, goods and services, land, and floorspace. They are combined with the land inputs to estimate the changes in the density of urban form and activities. These outputs can then be used to estimate the demands for infrastructure services and the potential for decentralised infrastructure supply. We focus primarily on the calibration process and its methodological implications, including a method of refining the calibration and demonstrate how this improves the spatial representation of the utility of land.
Institutional Change and Regional Development in China: The Case of Commodity Trading Markets
Authors: Wang Jinmin , Gooderham Paul
Published: August 2013

With this paper we explore how institutional changes have influenced the regional development of Yiwu City, East China. The regional development in Yiwu City can be regarded as constituting a specific model in transitional China, which revolves around the establishment, growth, and internationalization of the local commodity trading market. The success of the Yiwu model lies in the interaction between globalization, local institutions, and commodity trading markets. However, we argue that the strategic coupling perspective has its limitations in explaining the development trajectory of the Yiwu model. We develop an integrated paradigm of regional development located between new regionalism and global production networks by synthesizing Scott's institutional framework. We identify a pronounced and long-established cultural–cognitive element in the entrepreneurial spirit of local people, which led to the establishment of a commodity trading market at the beginning of 1980s. However, the sustainable development of the Yiwu model needs to be supplemented by normative and regulative institutional pillars. We further argue that the developmental local state remains critical to the regional development in developing countries in terms of correcting market failure, encouraging entrepreneurship, and creating a competitive business environment to accommodate globalization.
Public Services in a ‘Postdemocratic Age’: An Alternative Framework to Network Governance
Authors: Laffin Martin , Mawson John , Ormston Christianne
Published: August 2013

This paper questions the continued dominance of the network governance approach in public policy and administration and proposes an alternative framework. We find little evidence to support claims for a paradigmatic shift towards network governance in the English case. Neither does the evidence support claims for a weakening of vertical linkages or a strengthening of horizontal linkages within, or across, service delivery chains in England. Instead, bureaucratic and hierarchical structures remain pervasive and power remains highly centralised. The two case studies, of economic development and affordable housing provision, demonstrate how reforms are driven by elected politicians' political objectives and their support of various target groups in society. Nevertheless, policy making is constrained by conditions of ‘postdemocracy’—essentially, the exigencies of contemporary electoral politics and the pervasive influence of business. The study of public administration and management needs to refocus on the implications for the public services of postdemocracy and address critical questions of power, competing interests, mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion, and contested claims to knowledge and expertise within service delivery chains.
Recyclable Textiles Functionalized with Reduced Graphene Oxide@ZnO for Removal of Oil Spills and Dye Pollutants
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Tsuzuki Takuya , Tang Bin , Sun Lu , Dai Xiujuan J. , Rajmohan Gayathri D. , Li Jingliang , Wang Xungai
Published: August 2013

A novel recyclable and flexible membrane was prepared for the removal of oil spills and organic dye pollutants, by functionalizing polyester textiles with reduced graphene oxide@ZnO nanocomposites using a layer-by-layer technique. The membrane showed efficient water/oil separation, and the amount of oil adsorbed by the membrane could be up to 23 times its own weight. The adsorption capacity was largely retained during many adsorption recycling cycles. The membrane also displayed highly efficient removal of a dye pollutant from water under simulated sunlight. The membrane maintained a near-original removal efficiency after five cycles of dye removal. This new type of membrane may find practical applications in the large-scale separation of organic pollutants from water, particularly in the field of oil spills clean-up and dye removal from industrial effluent.
Reconstructing dynamic microRNA-regulated interaction networks
Authors: Schulz Marcel H. , Pandit Kusum V. , Lino Cardenas Christian L. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Kaminski Naftali , Bar-Joseph Ziv
Published: August 2013

The regulation of gene expression in cells, including by microRNAs (miRNAs), is a dynamic process. Current methods for identifying miRNA targets by combining sequence and miRNA and mRNA expression data do not adequately use the temporal information and thus miss important miRNAs and their targets. We developed the MIRna Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner (mirDREM), a probabilistic modeling method that uses input–output hidden Markov models to reconstruct dynamic regulatory networks that explain how temporal gene expression is jointly regulated by miRNAs and transcription factors. We measured miRNA and mRNA expression for postnatal lung development in mice and used mirDREM to study the regulation of this process. The reconstructed dynamic network correctly identified known miRNAs and transcription factors. The method has also provided predictions about additional miRNAs regulating this process and the specific developmental phases they regulate, several of which were experimentally validated. Our analysis uncovered links between miRNAs involved in lung development and differentially expressed miRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, some of which we have experimentally validated using proliferation assays. These results indicate that some disease progression pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may represent partial reversal of lung differentiation.
Auxin controls seed dormancy through stimulation of abscisic acid signaling by inducing ARF-mediated
ABI3
activation in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Hong , Zhao Yang , Feng Zhengyan , Li Qun , Yang Hong-Quan , Luan Sheng , Li Jianming , He Zu-Hua
Published: August 2013

Significance

Seed dormancy is a critical step in the lifecycle of plants, and it is crucial to the survival of plant species; this process is also important for agricultural practice to prevent preharvest sprouting when humid conditions persist before harvest. This study uncovers a previously unrecognized action of auxin in maintaining seed dormancy through AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 10/16-mediated expression of
ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3
, a key regulator in the abscisic acid-mediated seed dormancy.
Activation of the canonical IKK complex by K63/M1-linked hybrid ubiquitin chains
Authors: Emmerich Christoph H. , Ordureau Alban , Strickson Sam , Arthur J. Simon C. , Pedrioli Patrick G. A. , Komander David , Cohen Philip
Published: August 2013

Significance

Two types of ubiquitin chain are required to switch on one of the major signaling networks of the innate immune system that triggers the production of inflammatory mediators to combat infection by pathogens. This paper reports the unexpected discovery that both types of ubiquitin chain are attached covalently to one another and that the formation of one type of ubiquitin chain is dependent on the prior formation of the other. One function of these hybrid ubiquitin chains is to permit the colocalization of two different kinase complexes, thereby facilitating the activation of one kinase complex by the other to increase the speed of the response to infection.
Procesos de conceptualización de eventos en español y en sueco
Authors: Bylund Emanuel
Published: August 2013

This study examines the relationship between grammaticised aspect (GA) and the information structure of events in discourse. The aim is to test the hypothesis about the influence of grammaticised aspect on event conceptualization processes. The data studied consist of narratives by speakers of Swedish (−GA) and speakers of Spanish (+GA). The segmentation, selection and perspectivation of events carried out by these groups were studied through audiovisual tests. Analyses of the narratives reveal cross-linguistic differences as to information structure: the speakers of Swedish prefer holistic event presentations and verbalize a high number of closed events, whereas the speakers of Spanish show a greater sensitivity towards the phasal structure of the events, manifested in a finer eventive resolution focusing on progressive aspect.
El humor como procedimiento discursivo en los anuncios publicitarios
Authors: López Díaz Montserrat
Published: August 2013

Humorous discourse overlays conventional discourse, providing both a humorous surface interpretation of reality, and a serious or standard underlying one. This paper attempts to show how humorous discourse in printed advertising usually produces a deviant understanding due to the fact that there is normally an incongruous sign or icon that distorts our vision of things. There is a transgression of common norms that transforms familiar things into weird and bizarre, creating a playful message. We distinguish various humorous procedures: irony, sarcasm, parody, pastiche, wit, absurdity, rarity and paradox. These procedures are categorized in three main functions: (a) amusement, when humor is seen as entertainment; (b) cynicism, when it is provocative; and (c) criticism, when it is understood as reproof. Humor must produce an unexpected, but pleasant, relationship with the recipient, who is always prompted to make firstly a common sense interpretation. In that way, recipient’s cooperation is necessary to obtain the humorous effect.
De la possibilité de suppression du régime des expressions prépositives de concession, comparaison, addition et destination
Authors: Adler Silvia
Published: August 2013

This article pursues a series of studies on French expressions commonly called “prepositional locutions” whose dual goal is, first, the treatment of their lexical status and, second, the possibilities of anaphorisation by a simple suppression of their complement, operation often attributed to the procedure of ellipsis. These studies have concentrated each on the analysis of a specific semantic class of prepositional locutions: spatial, temporal and notional (more precisely, final, causal and consecutive) expressions (cf. Adler, 2006, to appear a, b). The present paper constitutes an additional stage in the puzzle already rather advanced of the analysis of the prepositional locutions, and covers other semantic subclasses: concession, opposition, addition and destination.
“Palabras de familia gastadas tibiamente”
Authors: Iravedra Araceli
Published: August 2013

This article aims to chronicle the lyrical trend of realistic affiliation labelled “poetry of experience” that dominated the Spanish literary system of the Eighties, establishing a differentiated norm which integrated the paradigm of new creation. From the perspective granted by a certain historical distance, the examination of that process shows its progressive disintegration during the Nineties, due to the institutionalisation of the paradigm, along with stagnation and epigonism, until the moment when younger poets discuss it and look for a change. At that moment, the poetry of experience stresses the meditative overtones and amplifies the space of realism towards a wider imaginative freedom, whilst transforming its characteristic features, such as narrativity and biographical anecdotes.
La construcción infinitiva tras verbos de percepción visual y auditiva
Authors: Enghels Renata , Vanderschueren Clara
Published: August 2013

In Spanish and Portuguese the direct perception of an event is expressed by infinitival constructions such as Vi a los niños correr and Vi os meninos correr(em) (“I saw the children run”). This article focuses on the factors that determine the syntactic markings of the perceived participant NP2 as the direct object of the perception verb or the subject of the subordinated infinitival complement. Based on a large corpus it is shown that although both languages prefer different basic word orders and case markings, a common cognitive-semantic parameter explains some striking analogies, namely the perception modality of the main verb. Moreover, the Portuguese infinitive optionally agrees with NP2, therefore syntactically becoming more subject-like. However, statistical data reveal beyond all expectations that inflection is not determined by the above-mentioned cognitive factor but by the degree of syntactic autonomy of the subordinated complement.
Intégralement dans le champ des adverbes de complétude (totalement, entièrement, complètement, …)
Authors: Lenepveu Véronique
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we study the french adverbs of completion totalement, complètement, entièrement and intégralement in the verbal domain, from a semantic point of view. Following Tenny (2000), we argue that completion adverbs with a quantitative value can only modify telic predicates (*regarder totalement le tableau / détruire totalement une ville). We also identify a qualitative use which doesn’t impose such a constraint (avoir totalement raison). Then, through the analysis of real exemples and of their typical context, we discuss the semantic properties of these different adverbs that are related in various ways to the expression of completion.
Ponctuation et coordination dans le « confiturier » de Nostradamus
Authors: Deviaene Laure , Englebert Annick , François Guillaume
Published: August 2013

Nostradamus’ Opusucle is characterized by a strong presence of coordinating conjunctions and punctuation marks, which give it a highly developed structure in both linguistic and typographical terms, in contrast with his Centuries. This study of the co-occurrence of these two phenomena demonstrates that different linguistic levels are bounded by different combinations of signs. Coordination alone is limited to the shortest segments of the text; when combined with a punctuation mark, it may mark superior units, including sentences. Moreover, although punctuation alone marks the levels of demarcation of the text, it is only in combination with a coordinating conjunction that it can mark the intermediate unit that is the sentence.
Épistémologie et esthétique de la déception chez Proust et Cioran
Authors: Acquisto Joseph
Published: August 2013

E.M. Cioran’s ideas about disappointment illuminate the role of deception in the aesthetics of Marcel Proust. With reference to the narrator’s experience watching the actress la Berma, I show that the desire to know is at the heart of deception in both writers, and that disappointment is not a failure but rather a necessary step on the way to lucidity. This initial despair-laden lucidity then yields, in both writers, to a second kind of lucidity that, in the pessimist tradition, seeks passion in life within a fiction that can modify our expectations so that a non-deceptive and undespairing lucidity arises within the domain of the aesthetic.
L’adverbe alias en français
Authors: Salles Mathilde
Published: August 2013

According to dictionary definitions, the adverb alias in French seems to be a metalinguistic adverb and a kind of marker of paraphrastic reformulation. However, its semantic value is not reduced to these two characteristics: not only does it have non-metalinguistic uses, but its strictly metalinguistic and paraphrastic uses appear, in fact, rather marginal. Its principal uses are betwixt and between, since they blend information about the referent and its names.
L’idée du roman
Authors: Jørgensen Steen Bille
Published: August 2013

In this article on the poetics of the contemporary French novel the reading process is taken as point of departure for an interrogation of the ontological status of the literary work. Since Raymond Roussel’s early experimentations, the difficulty in reading the novel is connected to its conceptual aspect. Still this does not mean that the novel does not connect with reality. On the contrary this seems to be the very matter for Raymond Queneau as a reader of Bouvard et Pécuchet by Gustave Flaubert. In the twentieth century, as different writers as Georges Perec, François Bon and Claude Simon tend to explore the limits between the literary and the real, not only through auto-representation but in making the reader perceive language as representation on the one hand and as pure material on the other. Thus the intention behind the readings of La Vie mode d’emploi (1978), Tumulte (2006) and Le Jardin des plantes (1997) is to underline the ironic aspect of these novels and the paradox that in spite of very different structures and styles they all three become a means for examining the possibility of human experience as intertwined with literary expression. To grasp this essential aspect of the contemporary novel one has to practice a differential reading (Marjorie Perloff) implying different textual levels and a relevant contextualisation.
El Quijote como la primera novela moderna
Authors: Jensen Julio
Published: August 2013

The present article analyses the philosophical interpretations of Don Quijote as the first modern novel, specifically the interpretations of Lukacs (The Theory of the Novel) and Foucault (The Order of Things). In order to determine whether Cervantes’ masterpiece can be assimilated with the notion of modernity Lukacs and Foucault operate with, two aspects are analysed: the novel’s closure and the play of the authorial figures.
L’emploi du gérondif et de la construction V1 och V2 dans l’incise
Authors: Mossberg Mari
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study is to compare the syntax of French and Swedish inserted (parenthetical) clauses appearing after a direct quotation. More specifically, the study explores the relationship between the French gérondif and the Swedish “V1 och V2” construction in contexts such as dit-elle en souriant / sa hon och log. The analysis is based on a translation corpus, comprising French and Swedish literary texts, and their translations into Swedish and French, respectively. It is argued that the function and use of these constructions are related to the typological profiles of the two languages, French being an exocentric language which considers the different aspects of a communicative situation according to their importance (hierarchic information structure), and Swedish being an endocentric language which divides the communicative situation into successive actions (linear information structure).
Le rôle de certains facteurs (morpho-)syntaxiques et informationnels dans le choix de il ou de celui-ci
Authors: Demol Annemie
Published: August 2013

This contribution1 provides a corpus-based analysis of some (morpho-) syntactic factors that influence the choice between the third person clitic pronoun il and the demonstrative pronoun celui-ci : the syntactic function of the antecedent, as well as its form, and the syntactic function of the pronoun itself. Special attention is paid to a series of counterexamples to Zribi-Hertz’s (1992) constraint on discursive promotion. The different tendencies observed for il and celui-ci with respect to the syntactic criteria examined, provide evidence for the hypothesis that il marks topic continuity and celui-ci a topic shift and ultimately lead to a reformulation of the constraint on discursive promotion in terms of topic promotion.