bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An example of governance for AI in health services from Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Whittaker R. , Dobson R. , Jin C. K. , Style R. , Jayathissa P. , Hiini K. , Ross K. , Kawamura K. , Muir P. ,   the Waitematā AI Governance Group, Mark A. , Armstrong D. , Frost E. , Buxton J. , Lunny J. , Andrew P. , Bloomfield S. , Puddle S. , Miles W.
Published: September 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is undergoing rapid development, meaning that potential risks in application are not able to be fully understood. Multiple international principles and guidance documents have been published to guide the implementation of AI tools in various industries, including healthcare practice. In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) we recognised that the challenge went beyond simply adapting existing risk frameworks and governance guidance to our specific health service context and population. We also deemed prioritising the voice of Māori (the indigenous people of Aotearoa NZ) a necessary aspect of honouring Te Tiriti (the Treaty of Waitangi), as well as prioritising the needs of healthcare service users and their families. Here we report on the development and establishment of comprehensive and effective governance over the development and implementation of AI tools within a health service in Aotearoa NZ. The implementation of the framework in practice includes testing with real-world proposals and ongoing iteration and refinement of our processes.
Transcriptome-wide association studies: recent advances in methods, applications and available databases
Authors: Mai Jialin , Lu Mingming , Gao Qianwen , Zeng Jingyao , Xiao Jingfa
Published: September 2023

Genome-wide association study has identified fruitful variants impacting heritable traits. Nevertheless, identifying critical genes underlying those significant variants has been a great task. Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is an instrumental post-analysis to detect significant gene-trait associations focusing on modeling transcription-level regulations, which has made numerous progresses in recent years. Leveraging from expression quantitative loci (eQTL) regulation information, TWAS has advantages in detecting functioning genes regulated by disease-associated variants, thus providing insight into mechanisms of diseases and other phenotypes. Considering its vast potential, this review article comprehensively summarizes TWAS, including the methodology, applications and available resources.
Real-time 31P NMR reveals different gradient strengths in polyphosphoester copolymers as potential MRI-traceable nanomaterials
Authors: Rheinberger Timo , Flögel Ulrich , Koshkina Olga , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: September 2023

Polyphosphoesters (PPEs) are used in tissue engineering and drug delivery, as polyelectrolytes, and flame-retardants. Mostly polyphosphates have been investigated but copolymers involving different PPE subclasses have been rarely explored and the reactivity ratios of different cyclic phospholanes have not been reported. We synthesized binary and ternary PPE copolymers using cyclic comonomers, including side-chain phosphonates, phosphates, thiophosphate, and in-chain phosphonates, through organocatalyzed ring-opening copolymerization. Reactivity ratios were determined for all cases, including ternary PPE copolymers, using different nonterminal models. By combining different comonomers and organocatalysts, we created gradient copolymers with adjustable amphiphilicity and microstructure. Reactivity ratios ranging from 0.02 to 44 were observed for different comonomer sets. Statistical ring-opening copolymerization enabled the synthesis of amphiphilic gradient copolymers in a one-pot procedure, exhibiting tunable interfacial and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties. These copolymers self-assembled in aqueous solutions, 31 P MRI imaging confirmed their potential as MRI-traceable nanostructures. This systematic study expands the possibilities of PPE-copolymers for drug delivery and theranostics.
Modification of Cu–ZnO–ZrO2 catalysts with La2O3 to quantitatively tune Cu+–Cu0 dual sites for hydrogenation of dimethyl adipate to produce 1,6-hexanediol
Authors: Gao Xianlong , Zhao Guoqing , Miao Lei , Li Lei , Zhu Zhirong
Published: September 2023

The strong electron donor–acceptor interaction between lanthanum and copper species retards the aggregation of the copper species, and inhibits the transformation of Cu2O to metallic Cu, thus maintaining a constant ratio of Cu+/(Cu0 + Cu+).
Mapping the structure–activity landscape of non-canonical peptides with MAP4 fingerprinting
Authors: López-López Edgar , Robles Oscar , Plisson Fabien , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: September 2023

Peptide structure–activity/property relationship (P-SA/PR) studies focus on understanding how the structural variations of peptides influence their biological activities and other functional properties.
Study on the efficiency of the preoxidation–coagulation process in removing disinfection by-product precursors from micropolluted water
Authors: He Junwei , Jia Ruibao , Wang Yonglei , Lin Ke , Liu Baozhen , Liu Baosen , He Guilin
Published: September 2023

The efficiency of preoxidation–coagulation technology in removing disinfection by-product precursors and organic compounds from polluted surface water and the effect of this technology on the generation of disinfection by-products are explored.
Charge disproportionation-induced multiferroics and electric field control of magnetism in a 2D MXene – Mo2NCl2
Authors: Xin Chao , Song Bingqian , Yin Yaohui , Wang Ai , Sun Zhixin , Jin Guangyong , Song Yongli , Pan Feng
Published: September 2023

Our findings provide a promising platform to control the magnetic properties and electric behavior in 2D multiferroics using an external electric field.
Graphene oxide fiber microelectrodes with controlled sheet alignment for sensitive neurotransmitter detection
Authors: Jarosova Romana , Ostertag Blaise J. , Ross Ashley E.
Published: September 2023

Here, we synthesized and characterized graphene oxide (GO) fiber microelectrodes with controllable nanosheet orientation to study the extent to which sheet alignment and orientation impacts electrochemical detection of neurochemicals.
Stepwise construction of Ag29 nanocluster-based hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts
Authors: Shen Honglei , Zhu Qingtao , Xu Jiawei , Ni Kun , Wei Xiao , Du Yuanxin , Gao Shan , Kang Xi , Zhu Manzhou
Published: September 2023

The step-by-step enhancement of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction efficiency based on an Ag29 cluster template was accomplished.
Synthesis of hyperbranched polyarylethenes by consecutive C–H vinylation reactions
Authors: Gitlina Anastasia Yu. , Ruggi Albert , Severin Kay
Published: September 2023

Polyarylethenes are obtained by electrophilic C–H vinylation reactions of tetraphenylethene with a triazene. The hyperbranched polymers display size-dependent emission and unusual ratiometric AIE behavior.
N-Heterocycle-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin dimers upon heating of meso-amino Ni(ii) porphyrins in nitrobenzene
Authors: Pan Qingjie , Liu Li , Pan Ying , Zhou Mingbo , Xu Ling , Rao Yutao , Yin Bangshao , Song Jianxin , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: September 2023

Simple refluxing of amino Ni(ii) porphyrins 5 and 6 in nitrobenzene gave fused porphyrin dimers 9 and 11 with roughly coplanar structure. Q-like bands of the resulting 2,6-naphthyridine-fused porphyrin dimers are significantly red-shifted.
Regulation of recombinant humanized collagen on HAP growth and its molecule simulation
Authors: Huang Zhilin , Wang Chucheng , Chen Xiaohui , Ding Shan , Xiang Qi , Xie Mo , Huang Yadong , Li Hong
Published: September 2023

HAP synthesized in the presence of recombinant humanized collagen I is belt structure.
Synthesis and mechanical performance of thermoformable cellulose fatty acid esters using natural soap
Authors: Kawano Tessei , Andou Yoshito
Published: September 2023

Thermoformable cellulose fatty acid esters, which could be used as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics, have been synthesized using natural resources and evaluated.
Evaluation of dual potentiality of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazole derivatives as aquaporin-4 inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents in lung cells
Authors: Meenakshi Maniarasu , Kannan Arun , Jothimani Muralidharan , Selvi Thangavel , Karthikeyan Muthusamy , Prahalathan Chidambaram , Srinivasan Kannupal
Published: September 2023

A model compound chosen from a series of trisubstituted oxazole derivatives effectively inhibits aquaporin-4 and inflammatory cytokines in human lung cells (NCI-H460).
Correction: A novel, efficient and magnetically recyclable Cu–Ni bimetallic nanocomposite as a highly active bifunctional catalyst for Pd-free Sonogashira and C–N cross-coupling reactions: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Nasseri Mohammad Ali , Shahabi Mansoore , Alavi G. Seyyedeh Ameneh , Allahresani Ali
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘A novel, efficient and magnetically recyclable Cu–Ni bimetallic nanocomposite as a highly active bifunctional catalyst for Pd-free Sonogashira and C–N cross-coupling reactions: a combined theoretical and experimental study’ by Mohammad Ali Nasseri et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 22158–22171, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA01965A.
Versatile synthesis of nano-icosapods via cation exchange for effective photocatalytic conversion of biomass-relevant alcohols
Authors: Xu Dan , Zhai Li , Mu Zhangyan , Tao Chen-Lei , Ge Feiyue , Zhang Han , Ding Mengning , Cheng Fang , Wu Xue-Jun
Published: September 2023

Highly symmetrical branched semiconductor-based heterostructured icosapods are successfully prepared by consecutive cation exchange and exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity for photoreforming biomass-relevant alcohols.
Further correction: Expanding medicinal chemistry into 3D space: metallofragments as 3D scaffolds for fragment-based drug discovery
Authors: Morrison Christine N. , Prosser Kathleen E. , Stokes Ryjul W. , Cordes Anna , Metzler-Nolte Nils , Cohen Seth M.
Published: September 2023

Further correction for ‘Expanding medicinal chemistry into 3D space: metallofragments as 3D scaffolds for fragment-based drug discovery’ by Christine N. Morrison et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 1216–1225, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SC05586J.
Dimensional engineering to simultaneously enhance energy density and stability of MAPbBr3-based photo-rechargeable ion capacitors
Authors: Kumar Tanuj , Thakuria Rahul , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Ankush , Kumar Ramesh , Bag Monojit
Published: September 2023

Tuning the morphology of 2D/3D heterostructure perovskite electrode to boost the conversion efficiency and stability of photo-rechargeable ion capacitors for the application in remote sensors for smart cities and IoTs.
Unveiling and overcoming the interfacial degradation between CuSCN and metal electrodes in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hang Pengjie , Kan Chenxia , Li Ge , Xie Jiangsheng , Li Biao , Yao Yuxin , Ding Degong , Hu Zechen , Yang Deren , Yu Xuegong
Published: September 2023

The interfacial degradation at the CuSCN/Au interface due to Au–Cu alloying can be improved by replacing Au with carbon electrodes, delivering high device stability under light illumination.
Iron-chelated semiconducting oligomer nanoparticles for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal combination therapy
Authors: Diao Shanchao , Shi Wenheng , Liu Yaxin , Liang Tingting , Xu Zhiwei , Zhou Wen , Xie Chen , Fan Quli
Published: September 2023

A dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-loaded semiconducting oligomer nanoparticle is designed for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal combination therapy.
Engineering a near-infrared LAP fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity for surgical resection of liver cancer
Authors: Jiang Renfeng , Zeng Jiayu , Liu Qian , Li Songjiao , He Longwei , Cheng Dan
Published: September 2023

Visualizing a LAP change in cancer cells and normal cells and guiding surgical resection of liver cancer by engineering an activated near-infrared fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Metal halide perovskite single crystal growth and application for X-ray detectors
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Cai Molang , Liu Xuepeng , Ji Kangyu , Yu Xuechao , Dai Songyuan
Published: September 2023

This review provides an overview of the growth of perovskite single crystals and their recent development in X-ray detectors.
Exploring Assumptions of the Bilingual Delay in Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. , Vargas Alejandro Granados
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Bilingual children are both over- and under-identified with developmental language disorder (DLD). We propose that this may be a function of monolingual approaches that fail to consider the dynamic nature of bilingualism as well as assumptions of bilingual delay. We explored the extent to which bilingual children with and without DLD demonstrated mixed dominance as a function of exposure to English. We document patterns of performance in bilingual children with and without DLD on the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment or Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment–Middle Extension in Spanish, English, and their best language scores.

Method:

A total of 595 (100 with DLD) Spanish–English bilingual children between the ages of 5 and 12 years were included in the analyses. We employed logistic regression to evaluate the probability of demonstrating mixed dominance across semantics and morphosyntax in Spanish and English by ability status. We then evaluated the association between English exposure and performance in Spanish, English, and the best language on semantics and morphosyntax measures.

Results:

There were similar typically developing and DLD probabilities of Spanish or English dominance associated with high degrees of Spanish and English exposure. Mixed dominance was associated with both ability and exposure. Children with DLD demonstrated more mixed dominance from 0% to 60% English exposure. The patterns of mixed dominance were similar by ability when they had more than 60% exposure to English. There were significant associations between single language testing in Spanish and English with percentage of exposure for children with and without DLD. When the best score (comparing English and Spanish) was used, there were no significant associations with exposure for semantics or morphosyntax.

Conclusions:

These results inform researchers and clinicians about the nature of bilingual proficiency in children with and without DLD. Mixed dominance was observed in both groups but with different patterns at lower levels of English exposure in children with and without DLD. We also see that when children's best score is considered, all differences in performance along the bilingual continuum are related to ability not language exposure. This has implications for how to consider children's language test scores in making clinical decisions about bilingual children.

Presentation Video:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23929470
Scaled p‐norm and its application in fast time‐synchronized control
Authors: Wang Shaocong , Su Chuxiong , Chang Jing , Dai Hao , Li Jing
Published: September 2023

The definition of scaled p‐norm and its properties are given here. Compared with the norm‐normalized sign function, using scaled p‐norm in the controller design can not only achieve the time‐synchronized stability of non‐linear dynamic systems, but also improve the convergence rate of the system. Besides, the scaled p‐norm is applied to design the consensus protocol for multi‐agent systems, which enables the states of all agents to achieve fast time‐synchronized consensus. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of this method in improving the convergence rate of the system.
Experimental analysis of advanced control technique for a five‐phase direct matrix converter based on space vector PWM
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , Sarwar Adil , Tariq Mohd , Urooj Shabana , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Iqbal Atif , Ahmad Salman , Islam Md. Rasidul
Published: September 2023

The multiphase matrix converter outperforms the conventional three‐phase system with higher fault tolerance capability and higher power control competency. This paper discusses the direct control based on different possible switching combinations of a three‐phase to five‐phase matrix converter (MC). The proposed control topology significantly reduces the switching commutations in a switching cycle when compared with its counterpart. The control is based on the modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy. The proposed space vector scheme intelligently selects the voltage vectors to get the desired output characteristics with the least possible switching transitions in a switching cycle. Three possible cases exist in controlling space vectors based on their magnitude, the number of active switching vectors, and their commutations. The results for three different cases of SVPWM have been presented and compared. The total harmonic distortion (THD) obtained in the output is lower in case 2; however, it suffers from a higher common‐mode voltage (CMV). The scheme has been successfully implemented and verified in hardware.
Hybrid‐quantum approach for the optimal lockdown to stop the SARS‐CoV‐2 community spread subject to maximising nation economy globally
Authors: Das Kunal , Zaman Sahil , Khan Alex , Sadhu Arindam , Bhattacharjee Subhasree , Khan Faisal Shah , Sarkar Bikramjit
Published: September 2023

SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemic (severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 syndromes) has caused major impacts on a global scale. Several countries, including India, Europe, U.S.A., introduced a full state/nation lockdown to minimise the disease transmission through human interaction after the virus entered the population and to minimise the loss of human life. Millions of people have gone unemployed due to lockdown implementation, resulting in business and industry closure and leading to a national economic slowdown. Therefore, preventing the spread of the COVID‐19 virus in the world while also preserving the global economy is an essential problem requiring an effective and immediate solution. Using the compartmental epidemiology S, E, I, R or D (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovery or Death) model extended to multiple population regions, the authors predict the evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 disease and construct an optimally scheduled lockdown calendar to execute lockdown over phases, using the well‐known Knapsack problem. A comparative analysis of both classical and quantum models shows that our model decreases SARS‐CoV‐2 active cases while retaining the average global economic factor, Gross Domestic Product, in contrast to the scenario with no lockdown.
In Vitro Investigation of the Hematological Effects of Non-Pulsatile and Pulsatile Blood Flow, Sarns Pump vs. Cobe-Stöckert Pump
Authors: Jallad Munier S. , Winn Brad A. , King Robert
Published: September 2023

The in vitro effects of pulsatile and non-pulsatile blood pumps on human red blood cells were investigated. Group I (Sarns, Inc., non-pulsatile pump) showed significantly less hemolysis (p < 0.05) than Group II (Cobe-Stockert, non-pulsatile roller pump). Group III (Sarns, pulsatile roller pump) and Group IV (Stockert, pulsatile roller pump showed significantly less hemolysis (p < 0.05). Both Sams and Stockert non-pulsatile roller pumps showed significantly (p < .05) less hemolysis at three and four hours of circulation than the Sarns and Stockert pulsatile pumps.
Automatic Control of the Coronary Suction Pump
Authors: Hargrove Martin
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Tech. 18[4] p.219-220 Winter 1986) A coronary suction device is described which affords the surgeon direct control of blood aspiration. The device described is nondisposable and can be made up from extra level sensors. With use of the device, there was a reduction in the time that coronary sucker pumps were used, hence reducing the aspiration of air. As the coronary sucker pump causes most trauma to blood, any reduction in suction time will reduce red cell damage.
An In Vitro Calibration of the Thermodilution Method of Cardiac Output Determination
Authors: Long Richard , Wood Lawrence , Sznajder Lasha
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[2] p. 221–227 Summer 1987, 13 refs.) The accuracy of cardiac output (Q) determinations by the indicator dilution method will depend, amongst other things, upon the precision of the instruments used to make the measurements. Using an in vitro calibration we determined the accuracy and reproducibility of the measured flow from three different thermodilution computercatheter systems in our institution. The regression equation describing the relationship between computed and true flow, Computed Flow= M (True flow) + B where M = the slope and B = the intercept of the regression line, was determined for each system. These equations defined the extent to which the system departed from 1 00% accuracy in the idealized environment of a flow-bench model. As such, they quantify the minimum error that is likely to be encountered when the same measurement is made in vivo.
Cardiovascular Effects of Vena-Venous Bypass during Hepatic Transplantation
Authors: Paulsen A. William , Prater Guy , Whitten Charles W. , Denman J.B. , Klintmalm Goran
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 268-273 Fall 1987, 12 ref). A series of 42 orthotopic hepatic transplant patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the cardiovascular effects of heparinless venavenous bypass using a constrained vortex pump. Pump flows and cardiac outputs fell progressively during bypass. During the bypass period the vascular volume became hemoconcentrated as indicated by increases in hematocrit, colloid osmotic pressure, serum osmolality, and serium sodium. The changes in colloid osmotic pressure were inversely related to the bypass pump flow. Transient hemodynamics occurring at the onset of bypass included decreases in temperature, heart rate, arterial pressure, and increases in pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure and T wave amplitude. Core temperature changed at the rate of -0.89°C per hour during the bypass period as compared to -0.31°C during the previous phase of the procedure. Veno-venous bypass may improve hemodynamic stability during the anhepatic phase of the procedure, but the abdomen and lower extremities may be less than optimally perfused.
Cerebral Complication after Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Klangsuk Nongchana , Suparnakui Vipa , Nakdit Somsak , Athapaisal Suree , Sakornpant Pantpis
Published: September 2023

(Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3) p. 274-280 Fall 1987, 10 ref.) The incidence of brain complication after open heart surgery in Rajvithi Hospital has been around 2-3% each year until 1985. Since January 1986, the Capiox II membrane oxygenator has been on routine use in alternate with the Bentley bubble oxygenator. There has been increasing incidence of cerebral complication since the beginning of the year. Retrospective study is carried on to analyze brain complications after open heart surgery during January to May 1986. During this period there were 96 patients ranging in age from 9 months to 55 years, submitted for open heart surgery. Among these there were 13 patients suffering cerebral complication, namely subarachnoid or subdural hemorrhage and brain infarction, of which 6 patients died. There was no statistical significance of type of oxygenators which would cause cerebral complication. The cerebral complication was related to the weight of patients, degree of acidosis and pO2 during bypass and immediately after. It is concluded that these cerebral complications could be lessened if control of blood gas and pH is optimum.
Clinical Evaluation of Three Ultrafiltration Devices
Authors: Bastian Sue , Eikenberry Steven , Snyder James , Czaplicka Chester
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 281-286 Fall 1987, 9 ref.) Three currently available ultrafiltration devices were evaluated with regard to rate of ultrafiltration, hemolysis and ease of use within the clinical setting. The Amicon Diafilter 30 Hemofilter, Minntech Corp. Hemocor Hemoconcentrator and Sarns Hemoconcentrator were tested in a total of 27 myocardial revascularization cases. While maintaining a constant flow through the ultrafiltration device, temperature, ultrafiltrate flow, hematocrit, plasma hemoglobin and transmembrane pressure were measured at the beginning and end of ultrafiltration and at ten minute intervals during ultrafiltration. The Amicon Diafilter exhibited an average ultrafiltration rate of .27 +/- .09 ml/min/mmHg while the Hemocor and Sarns Hemoconcentrators yielded rates of .33 +/- .10 and .55 +/- .09, respectively. The Sarns and Hemocor units showed a 39% and 26% increase respectively in plasma hemoglobin above the corresponding percent increase in hematocrit, indicating some degree of hemolysis. The Amicon unit showed a 43% and 92% increase in plasma hemoglobin in 2 separate trials. There was no measurable blood or protein in the ultrafiltrate of any of the units tested except for the Amicon, which showed trace to 1 + amounts of nonhemolyzed blood in 3 of 7 trials. The Sarns unit primed the most expediently, followed by the Hemocor and Amicon, respectively.
Heart Preservation during 24 Hours for Transplantation
Authors: Roux D. , Barthelemy R. , Morucci J.P. , Kammar M. , Chauvau M.
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 305-311 Fall 1987, 11 ref.) To promote the development of heart transplantation by developing a complete technique of prolonged preservation of the graft in an independent, miniaturized and computerized container, a surgical technique is described, which allows continuous protection of the myocardium during removal, preservation and grafting.

The use of cardioplegia allows diastole arrest, an essential point for good preservation. The preservation system consists of a refrigerated and thermostatic container. The heart is perfused by a micropump and the perfusate is oxygenated and bubblefree due to a special filter. Captors are placed in the perfusion, thermic catheter, K ++, pH, lactate, electrodes and the results are analyzed by a microcomputer and transmitted to a feedback control system which adjusts the parameters. This device can be portable. With this type of device, good results were obtained as evidenced by:

• ckmb release was low

• the histological lesions are rare and reversible

• after transport, the heart maintains electrical and mechanical activity.
The Roller Pump Does Produce Pulsatile Flow
Authors: James Samson D. , Peters Jeffery , Maresca Luigi , Kalush Samuel L. , Trigueros Ernest A.
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 376-383 Fall 1987, 15 ref.) This study was undertaken to investigate, under experimental conditions, the nature of the roller pump output. Pressure and flow studies were done on 200° roller pumps using PVC and silastic formulations in the raceway. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing in all sizes produced comparatively higher pressure levels with narrow pressure spikes. Small bore tubing with high revolutions per minute (RPMs) delivered characteristic pulseless flow due to telescoping of flow and pressure pulses. Large bore PVC tubing produced pulsatile flow curves with spikes, ripples and artifacts. Silastic and fluorocarbon tubing achieves pulsatile flow curves without ripples or artifacts at a comparatively lower pressure range. A wide pulse width and a single roller ripple chararacterize it. Ideal combinations used clinically in over 1,500 cases result in appreciable pulse flow measurable in significant changes in renal output both in normothermic and hypothermic conditions.

These results show that a regular roller pump, with the use of tubing with specific viscoelastic properties and the proper choice of stroke volume, will produce a significant level of pulsatile flow. There is no need for an add-on system. Preliminary work utilizing a single roller pump, as a means of enhancing the pulse wave, is presented. Techniques to remove the 200° single roller induced ripple is also discussed.
„Wasser marsch“ im Haut OP mittels Wasserstrahlskalpell
Authors: Bayerl Christiane
Published: September 2023

Das Debridement chronischer Wunden ist eine Voraussetzung für die Wundheilung. Eine der Optionen, um Debris, Nekrosen oder posttraumatische Fremdkörper zu entfernen, ist die Hydrochirurgie in Anästhesie und in einem sterilen OP-Umfeld. Diese chirurgische Maßnahme ist z.B. geeignet für chronische Beinulzera, aber auch für Verbrennungen, nekrotische Wunden, Fremdmaterialeinsprengungen, axilläre Osmosis und Phyme bei Rosazea. Die Studienlage zeigt einige wenige, aber kontrollierte Studien und Metaanalysen. Für dieses chirurgische Gerät mit einem Einmal-Handstück sind die Kosten zwar hoch wegen des Verbrauchsmaterials, aber die Zeitersparnis ist belegt und kann gegengerechnet werden. Das Absaugen des debridierten Materials, welche das Gerät während der Maßnahme leistet, ist für den Operateur angenehm.
Full Recovery of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Patient with Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Phillips Jacline G. , Fabian Samantha B. , Adkins Erin W. , Kiell Eleanor P.
Published: September 2023

Abstract Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most preventable causes of intellectual disability in the world. Screening programs have led to earlier detection of CH, and children with adequate thyroid supplementation can have minor long-term
differences in overall neuropsychological testing compared to baseline. Purpose: Despite early identification, up to one-fourth of children born with CH suffer from hearing loss even with early and adequate thyroid hormone supplementation. We present a unique case of an individual
born with congenital hypothyroidism found to have sensorineural hearing loss. Research Design: Case report. Study Sample: Single subject. Intervention: Diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism at 1 week of life and initiation of treatment with
levothyroxine. Data Collection and Analysis: Degree of hearing loss was measured with age-appropriate audiological testing at ages 4 weeks, 7 weeks, 3 months, 7 months, 9 months, 11 months, and 12 months. Results: The patient was treated early with thyroid hormone
supplementation and demonstrated full recovery of hearing by age 12 months. Conclusions: Despite the body of literature documenting hearing loss as an ongoing complication of CH, this patient demonstrates a unique case of full hearing recovery with early treatment.
Tracking the acceptance of neologisms in German: Psycholinguistic factors and their correspondence with corpus-linguistic findings
Authors: Wolfer Sascha , Klosa-Kückelhaus Annette
Published: September 2023

Neologisms, i.e., new words or meanings, are finding their way into everyday language use all the time. In the process, already existing elements of a language are recombined or linguistic material from other languages is borrowed. But are borrowed neologisms accepted similarly well by the speech community as neologisms that were formed from “native” material? We investigate this question based on neologisms in German. Building on the corresponding results of a corpus study, we test the hypothesis of whether “native” neologisms are more readily accepted than those borrowed from English. To do so, we use a psycholinguistic experimental paradigm that allows us to estimate the degree of uncertainty of the participants based on the mouse trajectories of their responses. Unexpectedly, our results suggest that the neologisms borrowed from English are accepted more frequently, more quickly, and more easily than the “native” ones. These effects, however, are restricted to people born after 1980, the so-called millenials. We propose potential explanations for this mismatch between corpus results and experimental data and argue, among other things, for a reinterpretation of previous corpus studies.
Toward a simple yet efficient cost function for the optimization of Gaussian process regression model hyperparameters
Authors: Isamura Bienfait K. , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: September 2023

FFLUX is a novel machine-learnt force field using pre-trained Gaussian process regression (GPR) models to predict energies and multipole moments of quantum atoms in molecular dynamic simulations. At the heart of FFLUX lies the program FEREBUS, a Fortran90 and OpenMP-parallelized regression engine, which trains and validates GPR models of chemical accuracy. Training a GPR model is about finding an optimal set of model hyperparameters (θ). This time-consuming task is usually accomplished by maximizing the marginal/concentrated log-likelihood function LLy|x,θ, known as the type-II maximum likelihood approach. Unfortunately, this widespread approach can suffer from the propagation of numerical errors, especially in the noise-free regime, where the expected correlation betweenLLy|x,θ̂ [maximized value of theLLy|x,θfunction] and the models’ performance may no longer be valid. In this scenario, the LLy|x,θ function is no longer a reliable guide for model selection. While one could still rely on a pre-conditioner to improve the condition number of the covariance matrix, this choice is never unique and often comes with increased computational cost. Therefore, we have equipped FEREBUS with an alternatively simple, intuitive, viable, and less error-prone protocol called “iterative hold-out cross-validation” for the optimization of θ values. This protocol involves (1) a stratified random sampling of both training and validation sets, followed by (2) an iterative minimization of the predictive RMSE(θ) of intermediary models over a sufficiently large validation set. Its greatest asset is the assurance that the optimization process keeps reducing the generalization error of intermediary GPR models on unseen datasets, something that maximizing LLy|x,θ does not guarantee.
Investigation of thermodynamic properties in picosecond laser-produced plasmas on silicon
Authors: Liu Zelin , Chen Minsun , Huang Hanchang , Hu Shuai , Guo Chuan , Liu Hao , Xu Zhongjie , Zhao Guomin , Hua Weihong , Han Kai
Published: September 2023

The validity of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in plasma is a long-term concern for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy applications. In this paper, the spatial and temporal dependence of LTE deviation in picosecond laser-induced plasmas has been proved. A picosecond (∼20 ps) laser operated at 532 nm was used to ablate a silicon target to produce plasma at a pressure of 10−5 mbar. A general electron energy distribution function was used to provide access to the insight into population ratios of different energy levels for the spatially and temporally resolved optical emission intensity of laser-induced plasma. A precise temporal and spatial LTE boundary of plasma generated in picosecond laser ablation was obtained, and the results showed that only at delay times of 180–300 ns, the plasma away from the surface (>4 mm) is in LTE.
Helping the pandemic generation
Authors: Conrad Brad R. , Wright Matthew J.
Published: September 2023

Physics undergraduates have returned to classrooms, but pandemic trauma has endured. How can the community assist?
Microscopic scales enhance a butterfly’s flying efficiency
Authors: Lang Amy W.
Published: September 2023

Ever catch a butterfly and noticed what looks like dust coating your fingers? They’re the scales covering the insect’s wings, and they allow it to slip through the air.
Phase slip from weak links formed in artificially-stacked NbSe2
Authors: Li Lijun , Jeong Ju-Yeong , Joo Yanggeun , Hong Heemyoung , Kim Se Kwon , Yang Heejun
Published: September 2023

The rich nature of van der Waals interactions between artificially-stacked atomic layers has been demonstrated by various quantum states and resonant tunneling transport in low-dimensional materials. However, the role of topological fluctuations in quantum transport through artificially-stacked junctions of 2D superconducting materials, and the resulting energy dissipation, remain elusive. In this research, unique phase-slip centers are designed in artificially-stacked junction areas, where nonequilibrium quasiparticles are formed and relaxed with energy dissipation. The phase slips are observed as voltage steps (peaks or valleys) in transport measurements across a junction between two exfoliated NbSe2 flakes, and at a distance of 4 μm from the junction using local and nonlocal chemical potential probes. Accordingly, two types of energy dissipation modes are newly identified in the artificially-stacked NbSe2 when subjected to an in-plane magnetic field, which implies distinct vortex formation and current flow in the superconducting junction under magnetic fields.
Optically-triggered deterministic spiking regimes in nanostructure resonant tunnelling diode-photodetectors
Authors: Al-Taai Qusay Raghib Ali , Hejda Matěj , Zhang Weikang , Romeira Bruno , Figueiredo José M L , Wasige Edward , Hurtado Antonio
Published: September 2023

This work reports a nanostructure resonant tunnelling diode-photodetector (RTD-PD) device and demonstrates its operation as a controllable, optically-triggered excitable spike generator. The top contact layer of the device is designed with a nanopillar structure (500 nm in diameter) to restrain the injection current, yielding therefore lower energy operation for spike generation. We demonstrate experimentally the deterministic optical triggering of controllable and repeatable neuron-like spike patterns in the nanostructure RTD-PDs. Moreover, we show the device’s ability to deliver spiking responses when biased in either of the two regions adjacent to the negative differential conductance region, the so-called ‘peak’ and ‘valley’ points of the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic. This work also demonstrates experimentally key neuron-like dynamical features in the nanostructure RTD-PD, such as a well-defined threshold (in input optical intensity) for spike firing, as well as the presence of spike firing refractory time. The optoelectronic and chip-scale character of the proposed system together with the deterministic, repeatable and well controllable nature of the optically-elicited spiking responses render this nanostructure RTD-PD element as a highly promising solution for high-speed, energy-efficient optoelectronic artificial spiking neurons for novel light-enabled neuromorphic computing hardware.
Advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle: a review
Authors: Song Fengfei , Leung L Ruby , Lu Jian , Zhou Tianjun , Huang Ping
Published: September 2023

Aided by progress in the theoretical understanding, new knowledge on tropical rainfall annual cycle changes under global warming background has been advanced in the past decade. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle, including its four distinct features: amplitude, pattern shift, phase and wet/dry season length changes. In a warming climate, the amplitude of tropical rainfall annual cycle is enhanced, more evidently over ocean, while the phase of tropical rainfall annual cycle is delayed, mainly over land. The former is explained by the wet-get-wetter mechanism and the latter is explained by the enhanced effective atmospheric heat capacity and increased convective barrier. The phase delay over land has already emerged in the past four decades. The pattern shift under warming is marked by two features: equatorward shift of the inter-tropical convergence zone throughout the year and the land-to-ocean precipitation shift in the rainy season. The former is explained by the upped-ante mechanism and/or related to the enhanced equatorial warming in a warmer world. The latter is suggested to be caused by the opposite land and ocean surface temperature annual cycle changes in the tropics. Over tropical rainforest regions such as Amazon and Congo Basin, the dry season has lengthened in the recent decades, but the fundamental reason is still unclear. Despite the notable progress of the last decade, many gaps remain in understanding the mechanism, quantifying and attributing the emergence, narrowing the inter-model uncertainty, and evaluating the impact of tropical rainfall annual cycle changes, motivating future work guided by some directions proposed in this review.
AliSim-HPC: parallel sequence simulator for phylogenetics
Authors: Ly-Trong Nhan , Barca Giuseppe M J , Minh Bui Quang
Published: September 2023

Motivation

Sequence simulation plays a vital role in phylogenetics with many applications, such as evaluating phylogenetic methods, testing hypotheses, and generating training data for machine-learning applications. We recently introduced a new simulator for multiple sequence alignments called AliSim, which outperformed existing tools. However, with the increasing demands of simulating large data sets, AliSim is still slow due to its sequential implementation; for example, to simulate millions of sequence alignments, AliSim took several days or weeks. Parallelization has been used for many phylogenetic inference methods but not yet for sequence simulation.

Results

This paper introduces AliSim-HPC, which, for the first time, employs high-performance computing for phylogenetic simulations. AliSim-HPC parallelizes the simulation process at both multi-core and multi-CPU levels using the OpenMP and message passing interface (MPI) libraries, respectively. AliSim-HPC is highly efficient and scalable, which reduces the runtime to simulate 100 large gap-free alignments (30 000 sequences of one million sites) from over one day to 11 min using 256 CPU cores from a cluster with six computing nodes, a 153-fold speedup. While the OpenMP version can only simulate gap-free alignments, the MPI version supports insertion–deletion models like the sequential AliSim.

Availability and implementation

AliSim-HPC is open-source and available as part of the new IQ-TREE version v2.2.3 at https://github.com/iqtree/iqtree2/releases with a user manual at http://www.iqtree.org/doc/AliSim.
Exploring water-borne corticosterone collection as a non-invasive tool in amphibian conservation physiology: benefits, limitations and future perspectives
Authors: Ruthsatz Katharina , Rico-Millan Rafael , Eterovick Paula Cabral , Gomez-Mestre Ivan
Published: September 2023

Global change exposes wildlife to a variety of environmental stressors and is affecting biodiversity worldwide, with amphibian population declines being at the forefront of the global biodiversity crisis. The use of non-invasive methods to determine the physiological state in response to environmental stressors is therefore an important advance in the field of conservation physiology. The glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone (CORT) is one useful biomarker to assess physiological stress in amphibians, and sampling water-borne (WB) CORT is a novel, non-invasive collection technique. Here, we tested whether WB CORT can serve as a valid proxy of organismal levels of CORT in larvae of the common frog (Rana temporaria). We evaluated the association between tissue and WB CORT levels sampled from the same individuals across ontogenetic stages, ranging from newly hatched larvae to froglets at 10 days after metamorphosis. We also investigated how both tissue and WB CORT change throughout ontogeny. We found that WB CORT is a valid method in pro-metamorphic larvae as values for both methods were highly correlated. In contrast, there was no correlation between tissue and WB CORT in newly hatched, pre-metamorphic larvae, metamorphs or post-metamorphic froglets probably due to ontogenetic changes in respiratory and skin morphology and physiology affecting the transdermal CORT release. Both collection methods consistently revealed a non-linear pattern of ontogenetic change in CORT with a peak at metamorphic climax. Thus, our results indicate that WB CORT sampling is a promising, non-invasive conservation tool for studies on late-stage amphibian larvae. However, we suggest considering that different contexts might affect the reliability of WB CORT and consequently urge future studies to validate this method whenever it is used in new approaches. We conclude proposing some recommendations and perspectives on the use of WB CORT that will aid in broadening its application as a non-invasive tool in amphibian conservation physiology.
Defining a core microbial necrobiome associated with decomposing fungal necromass
Authors: Cantoran Anahi , Maillard François , Baldrian Petr , Kennedy Peter G
Published: September 2023

Despite growing interest in fungal necromass decomposition due to its importance in soil carbon retention, whether a consistent group of microorganisms is associated with decomposing necromass remains unresolved. Here, we synthesize knowledge on the composition of the bacterial and fungal communities present on decomposing fungal necromass from a variety of fungal species, geographic locations, habitats, and incubation times. We found that there is a core group of both bacterial and fungal genera (i.e. a core fungal necrobiome), although the specific size of the core depended on definition. Based on a metric that included both microbial frequency and abundance, we demonstrate that the core is taxonomically and functionally diverse, including bacterial copiotrophs and oligotrophs as well as fungal saprotrophs, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and both fungal and animal parasites. We also show that the composition of the core necrobiome is notably dynamic over time, with many core bacterial and fungal genera having specific associations with the early, middle, or late stages of necromass decomposition. While this study establishes the existence of a core fungal necrobiome, we advocate that profiling the composition of fungal necromass decomposer communities in tropical environments and other terrestrial biomes beyond forests is needed to fill key knowledge gaps regarding the global nature of the fungal necrobiome.
Oligofructose alone and in combination with 2′fucosyllactose induces physiologically relevant changes in γ-aminobutyric acid and organic acid production compared to sole 2′fucosyllactose supplementation: an in vitro study
Authors: Jackson Peter Philip James , Wijeyesekera Anisha , Rastall Robert Adrian
Published: September 2023

We explored the potential for the prebiotic oligofructose and prebiotic candidate 2′fucosyllactose, alone and in combination (50:50 blend) to induce physiologically relevant increases in neurotransmitter (γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine) and organic acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and succinate) production as well as microbiome changes using anaerobic pH-controlled in vitro batch culture fermentations over 48 h. Changes in organic acid and neurotransmitter production were assessed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography and, bacterial enumeration using fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Both oligofructose and oligofructose/2′fucosyllactose combination fermentations induced physiologically relevant concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate at completion (all P ≤ .05). A high degree of heterogeneity was seen amongst donors in both neurotransmitter and organic acid production in sole 2′FL fermentations suggesting a large responder/nonresponder status exists. Large increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides numbers were detected in oligofructose fermentation, smallest increases being detected in 2′fucosyllactose fermentation. Bacterial numbers in the combined oligofructose/2′fucosyllactose fermentation were closer to that of sole oligofructose. Our results indicate that oligofructose and oligofructose/2′fucosyllactose in combination have the potential to induce physiologically relevant increases in γ-aminobutyric and organic acid production along with offsetting the heterogenicity seen in response to sole 2′fucosyllactose supplementation.