bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of geographical origin of Korean and Chinese red pepper paste via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
Authors: Hur Suel Hye , Jeon Hwang-Ju , Lee Ji Hye , Baek Eun Joo , Kim Hyoyoung , Kim Ho Jin
Published: April 2024

Background

Red pepper paste is a common ingredient used in food in Korea. The discrimination of the geographical origin of agricultural products is important to protect the agricultural industry and customers from the misinformation regarding the product origin. Several studies have attempted to identify the geographical origin of red pepper based on its characteristic features using diverse methods, such as inorganic elemental analysis. However, similar studies on red pepper pastes have not been conducted thus far.

Results

In, this study, we established methods based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for determining inorganic elements in red pepper pastes. The limit of detection (LOD) of ICP-AES was in the range of 0.006–0.531 mg∙kg−1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.017–1.593 mg∙kg−1. In addition, LOD and LOQ ranges for ICP-MS were 0.001–1.553, and 0.002–5.176 μg∙kg−1, respectively. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, As, Sr, Zr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ce, Pt, Pb, and U were high in the Korean red pepper paste. All the employed discrimination models could clearly distinguish between Korean and Chinese red pepper pastes. In particular, among the four different models, CDA showed the most accurate ability to discriminate the geological origin of Korean and Chinese red pepper paste compared to that achieved using the other models with 100% accuracy.

Conclusions

Based on, the findings of this study, the use of ICP-AES and ICP-MS analyses for discriminating the inorganic elements in food products in combination with the aforementioned statistical analysis models could help the mitigation of issues associated with the misinformation of the geographical origin of agricultural products, aiding customer protection.

Graphical Abstract
Galectins in epithelial-mesenchymal transition: roles and mechanisms contributing to tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer metastasis
Authors: Perez-Moreno Elisa , Oyanadel Claudia , de la Peña Adely , Hernández Ronny , Pérez-Molina Francisca , Metz Claudia , González Alfonso , Soza Andrea
Published: April 2024

Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts.
Sex Steroid Levels in Women With Hypopituitarism: A Case-controlled Observational Study
Authors: Olivius Catharina , Landin-Wilhelmsen Kerstin , Ohlsson Claes , Poutanen Matti , Trimpou Penelope , Olsson Daniel S , Johannsson Gudmundur , Tivesten Åsa
Published: April 2024

Context

Women with hypopituitarism remain at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Insufficient replacement of sex steroids has been suggested as a contributing factor, but sex steroid levels in women with hypopituitarism have not been comprehensively mapped.

Objective

To quantify sex steroids in women with hypopituitarism by a high-sensitivity assay.

Methods

Using a combination of clinical and biochemical criteria, women with hypopituitarism (n = 104) who started GH replacement in 1995 to 2014 at a single center were categorized as eugonadal or having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). A population-based cohort of women (n = 288) served as controls. Eugonadal women and controls were categorized as pre-/postmenopausal and HH women as younger/older (≤ or >52 years). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, 17αOH-progesterone, estradiol, and estrone were analyzed by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay.

Results

Among both premenopausal/younger and postmenopausal/older women, women with HH had lower levels of sex steroid precursors (DHEA, androstenedione) and androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) than controls. Progesterone, 17αOH-progesterone, estrone, and estradiol showed similar patterns. Women with HH and ACTH deficiency had markedly lower concentrations of all sex hormones than those without ACTH deficiency.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates for the first time a broad and severe sex steroid deficiency in both younger and older women with HH, particularly in those with combined gonadotropin and ACTH deficiency. The health impact of low sex steroid levels in women with hypopituitarism requires further study, and women with combined gonadotropin and ACTH deficiency should be a prioritized group for intervention studies with sex hormone replacement.
Zona Glomerulosa–Derived Klotho Modulates Aldosterone Synthase Expression in Young Female Mice
Authors: Daryadel Arezoo , Tang Cong , Xie Ye , Peitzsch Mirko , Fisi Viktoria , Hantel Constanze , Loffing-Cueni Dominique , Breault David T , Penton David , Loffing Johannes , Beuschlein Felix
Published: April 2024

Klotho plays a critical role in the regulation of ion and fluid homeostasis. A previous study reported that haplo-insufficiency of Klotho in mice results in increased aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression, elevated plasma aldosterone, and high blood pressure. This phenotype was presumed to be the result of diminished Klotho expression in zona glomerulosa (zG) cells of the adrenal cortex; however, systemic effects on adrenal aldosterone production could not be ruled out. To examine whether Klotho expressed in the zG is indeed a critical regulator of aldosterone synthesis, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible, zG-specific mouse model of Klotho deficiency by crossing Klotho-flox mice with Cyp11b2-CreERT mice (zG-Kl-KO). Tamoxifen-treated Cyp11b2-CreERT animals (zG-Cre) served as controls. Rosa26-mTmG reporter mice were used for Cre-dependent lineage-marking. Two weeks after tamoxifen induction, the specificity of the zG-Cre line was verified using immunofluorescence analysis to show that GFP expression was restricted to the zG. RNA in situ hybridization revealed a 65% downregulation of Klotho messenger RNA expression in the zG of zG-Kl-KO female mice at age 12 weeks compared to control mice. Despite this significant decrease, zG-Kl-KO mice exhibited no difference in plasma aldosterone levels. However, adrenal CYP11B2 expression and the CYP11B2 promotor regulatory transcription factors, NGFIB and Nurr1, were enhanced. Together with in vitro experiments, these results suggest that zG-derived Klotho modulates Cyp11b2 but does not evoke a systemic phenotype in young adult mice on a normal diet. Further studies are required to investigate the role of adrenal Klotho on aldosterone synthesis in aged animals.
Therapeutic Dilemma: Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Traumatic Hepatic and Mesenteric Injuries: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Manila , Momah Deandra , Palaniappan Dhamodaran , Nadig Vidya , Mah John Wesley
Published: April 2024

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a trauma patient with solid abdominal organ or vascular injuries can present complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Evidence for managing such demanding cases is scarce, and isolated case reports remain the source of information in treating these patients. We present a patient with traumatic mesenteric and hepatic injuries who developed acute STEMI in the immediate postoperative period.
Following the Fish
Authors: Bishop Ryan , Cid Daniel
Published: April 2024

This visual essay explores the Catalan exhibition Following the Fish/Toppi jën wi at the Venice Architecture Biennale (2023). The exhibition concentrates on the various geopolitical, economic, and historical forces that have driven many sub-Saharan migrants to flee their homes for the EU, placing them in complexly perilous sites of socio-legal-economic and cultural conditions, ones fraught with danger but also operating in hope with many lessons for EU cities and their civic, public spheres. The exhibition is a collaboration between the Barcelona architectural collective Leve and the organization Top Manta, a Barcelona collective and fashion design manufacturer that creates communal and legal opportunities for migrants who sell their wares on blankets in public squares.
How has psychology improved understanding of why people lie?
Authors: Sobieska Dominika , Pilafas Georgios , Louka Penelope
Published: April 2024

The present special article discusses upon the question ‘why people lie’. The answer to the later question has concerned the common mind and scholars since antiquity. However, no universal answer has been provided yet. In general psychology much attention has been paid to clinical perspectives of human behavior. In such a manner, the answer to the question of ‘why people lie’ has always had a moral and ethical base regarding the theoretical frameworks that explain any given answer. In recent years though, much attention has been given to two key models/theories which derive from the basic and core field of psychology. The first is the ‘moral balance model’, while the second one is the ‘self-concept maintenance theory’. In this article, the question is addressed from both viewpoints and a conclusion is drawn based on the strengths and limits between the two key models/theories that try to explain why people lie.
Women and familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Chasioti Georgia , Kotanidou Anastasia
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the risk factors of CVDs is dyslipidemia, defined as the imbalance of lipids in the blood. Early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is important. However, there appears to be a gender disparity, with women less likely to be diagnosed and start lipid-lowering therapy. In addition, it is difficult for them to continue treatment without interruptions, such as for reasons of childbearing, and as a result they do not achieve the target Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) levels. Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is thought to occur in 1 in 500 people in most ethnicities in the world. However, in most cases, these figures are derived from limited numbers of data from selected populations or specific subgroups in the general population and therefore may lack the precision of more modern estimates. About 1 in 200 people have familial hypercholesterolemia, but the vast majority are undiagnosed. Women with untreated FH are at very high risk for early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In untreated women with FH, 30% will develop Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) by age 60. The onset of ASCVD occurs 20 years earlier in life for women with FH than for women without FH. Regarding women with FH during menopause, they had similar LDL values to premenopausal women and higher levels compared to men in the same age group. Postmenopausal women with FH may suffer the consequences of high LDL either from delayed diagnosis or because of interruptions in management they may have experienced during childbearing. The last 2 decades have seen the development of new therapies to lower LDL-cholesterol levels and delay premature atherosclerosis, especially in combination with lifestyle modifications. Management of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia requires a multiprofessional approach, including primary care providers, cardiologists, endocrinologists, dietitians, pharmacists, and nurses, to improve outcomes. Treatment strategies should be discussed extensively at diagnosis. Close follow-up to monitor treatment response and development of side effects from lipid-lowering agents is essential to optimize care. The representation of women in studies concerning the diagnosis and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia must be improved, so that there is a more effective treatment of this disease.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION’S ADAPTATION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF REDUCING THE SKILL LEVEL OF THE wORKFORCE
Authors: Belova O. , Timerbaev A.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the problem of the lack of qualified personnel in the labor market and its impact on the personnel adaptation system. As part of the study, an analysis of the current situation in the labor market, an analysis of the practices of companies in the field of recruitment and selection of personnel, the views of modern business leaders were carried out, and the need for changes in the system of personnel adaptation of Russian organizations was substantiated. The situation of labor shortage that has developed over the past few years has led to changes in the main strategies in the personnel management system, primarily related to the easing of requirements for qualifications, soft skills, age, gender and other characteristics of personnel. This, in turn, required changes in the adaptation system, revision of strategy and the introduction of more complex and modern technologies. From the authors’ point of view, the emphasis from socio-psychological adaptation should be shifted to professional and organizational adaptation, technologies should be refocused on individualizing adaptation programs based on the introduction of digital systems, the use of interactive teaching methods, intensifying the use of the capabilities of self-learning organizations, expanding the scope of adaptation through training of freelancers, free labor on the labor market. Thus, the main results of the situation analysis indicate the need for an integrated approach to adaptation, including changing strategy, using modern technologies and creating conditions for professional growth, taking into account the individual characteristics of personnel.
Fiestas de toros. Bosquejo histórico
Authors: Melgar y Abreu Bernardino de
Published: April 2024

Esta obra, escrita por Bernardino de Melgar y de Abreu, marqués de San Juan de Piedras Albas y de Benavites y caballero maestrante, se edita por primera vez en 1927, fecha en la que ya se había producido la revolución belmontina y la tauromaquia se encontraba en una de las etapas más brillantes de su historia. Se trata de un texto clásico que presenta una original historia del toreo en la que se aúnan sentimientos religiosos y taurinos. Precedido de un extenso estudio introductorio que contextualiza la transversalidad de los diferentes capítulos, el lector se aproxima, entre otros temas, a las relaciones de Santa Teresa de Jesús con el mundo de los toros, a la intervención personal de Fray Luis de León en la polémica taurina entre la Iglesia y las corridas y a las múltiples referencias que se hallan en la Biblia. Asimismo, el autor aborda otros temas, como las primeras normas referentes a los festejos taurinos, la legislación alfonsina, el derecho moderno, el origen de las fiestas o la relación de las maestranzas de caballería y de las órdenes militares con los diferentes festejos.
Alexander Dallas Bache
Authors: Jansen Axel
Published: April 2024

Alexander Dallas Bache was the key leader of antebellum American scientists. Presuming his profession to be a herald of an integrated U.S. nation-state, Bache guided organizations such as the United States Coast Survey, then the country’s largest scientific enterprise. In this analytical biography, Axel Jansen explains Bache’s efforts to build and shape public institutions as a national foundation for a universalistic culture—efforts that culminated during the Civil War when Bache helped found the National Academy of Sciences as a symbol for the continued viability of an American nation. Die Open-Access-Version dieser Publikation wird gefördert mit freundlicher Unterstützung des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Washington. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Von Netzwerken zu Märkten
Authors: Bühler Martin
Published: April 2024

Globale Märkte werden von den einen gelobt, von den anderen verteufelt. Doch wie sind sie entstanden und wie lassen sie sich soziologisch untersuchen? Dieses Buch zeigt sowohl an modernen als auch an vormodernen Getreidemärkten, wie sich eine Konkurrenz verschiedener Angebote einstellen konnte. Vergleichspraktiken und Publikumsimaginationen haben sich historisch derart verändert, dass während des 19. Jahrhunderts Handelsnetzwerke von globalen Beobachtungshorizonten überlagert wurden und die Kaufleute zunehmend mit einem globalen Markt rechnen mussten.
Gesellschaft im Exzess
Authors: Schober Sarah-Maria
Published: April 2024

Völlerei, Sexualität, das Sezieren von Leichen oder verschwenderisches Zurschaustellen des eigenen Reichtums: Im Exzess wurde - so die These des Buches - gesellschaftliche Ordnung gestaltet. Wie produktiv das Agieren im Übermaß sein konnte, beleuchtet Sarah-Maria Schober an Medizinern, die um 1600 in Basel lebten. Sie folgt den Ärzten an Orte, an denen sie Grenzen austesteten: in Bäder und Haushalte, an ihre Schreibtische und auf die anatomische Bühne. Damit bietet sie zugleich eine quellennahe Analyse einer städtischen Gesellschaft im späten 16. und frühen 17. Jahrhundert. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Unter Verschluss
Authors: von den Driesch Ellen
Published: April 2024

Kaum eine Todesursache gibt so viel Aufschluss über das Wohl einer Gesellschaft wie der Suizid. In der DDR wurden vergleichbare und valide Suizidzahlen systematisch erhoben, aber strengstens geheim gehalten: Die seit Mitte der 1970er-Jahre als »Vertrauliche Verschlusssache« eingestuften Statistiken waren nur einer sehr kleinen Gruppe zugänglich. Ellen von den Driesch hat diese verloren geglaubten Daten wiederentdeckt und in umfangreichen Recherchen eine völlig neue Datenbasis geschaffen. Erstmals erlaubt dieses bisher unveröffentlichte Material eine systematische Analyse der Veränderungen der Suizidraten in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Das Buch, das das Suizidgeschehen in der DDR in historische und sozialwissenschaftliche Bezüge einbettet, verfolgt dabei mehrere Ziele: Es sensibilisiert für die Thematik der soziologischen Suizidforschung und schafft einen Informationsgewinn hinsichtlich der Suizidmortalität in der DDR über Raum und Zeit hinweg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Verstehende Kooperation
Authors: Pries Ludger
Published: April 2024

Das Zusammenleben der Menschen entwickelte sich weniger durch natürliche Selektion als durch kulturelles Lernen und verstehende Kooperation. Wie wir die Herausforderungen von Klimawandel, Pandemien, Genschere und Digitalisierung meistern, hängt von soziokulturellen Innovationen ab. Im Anthropozän werden die äußere und die menschliche Natur immer stärker durch Kultur und Technik geprägt. Allerdings sind die längerfristigen Folgen weder vorauszusehen noch zu kontrollieren. Daher wäre transnational koordinierte verstehende Kooperation in kosmopolitischer Verantwortung notwendig. Das Buch integriert Erkenntnisse der Evolutionsforschung aus unterschiedlichen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen und zeigt in soziologischer Perspektive, wie sich die spezifisch menschlichen Fähigkeiten – insbesondere verstehende Kooperation – entwickelten. Darüber hinaus werden mögliche institutionelle Weiterentwicklungen des menschlichen Zusammenlebens diskutiert. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.de
Geduldete Fremde
Authors: Biersack Martin
Published: April 2024

Eine Besonderheit der spanischen Kolonialherrschaft ist das explizite Verbot für »Ausländer«, nach Amerika zu reisen oder sich dort anzusiedeln. Dennoch lebten viele Immigranten englischer, portugiesischer, italienischer oder französischer Herkunft in den hispano-amerikanischen Kolonien. Diese »extranjeros«, deren Ausweisung zwar oft angeordnet, aber selten praktiziert wurde, stehen im Zentrum der Studie. Martin Biersack geht dem widersprüchlichen und oft spannungsreichen Verhältnis von »Spaniern« und »Ausländern«, Norm und Praxis, Duldung und Ausweisung nach und kann so erklären, wie und warum die Integration nichtspanischer Immigranten in die vormoderne koloniale Gesellschaft gelang, obwohl sie formal von dieser ausgeschlossen waren. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Hackathons
Authors: Berli Oliver , Janda Valentin , Krämer Hannes , Lengersdorf Diana , Manske Alexandra , Wieser Matthias
Published: April 2024

Hackathons lassen sich als Ausdruck gegenwärtiger Entwicklungen von Arbeit im digitalen Kapitalismus begreifen: Sie präsentieren sich als erlebnis- und technikorientierte Events, auf denen gemeinsam an kreativen Lösungen komplexer Probleme, wie Klimawandel, Hunger oder Mobilitätskrise, gearbeitet wird. Die Teilnehmenden finden für eine begrenzte Zeitspanne zusammen, um digitale Problemlösungen zu entwickeln. Doch Hackathons sind mehr als nur Tech-Events für hackende Nerds. Sie sind ein fester Bestandteil einer Kreativindustrie, die sich der technologisch getriebenen Lösung gesellschaftlicher Probleme verschrieben hat. Die Multigrafie diskutiert Hackathons als Form kreativer Arbeit und vereint auf innovative Weise vielfältige Forschungsperspektiven. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de
International trends in universities’ knowledge transfer and social engagement strategies and activities
Authors: Maassen Peter
Published: April 2024

The position of universities in society is undergoing far reaching changes related to the growing pressure on universities to contribute more directly and effectively to societies’ needs. To be able to realize the growing societal expectations, universities are required to become more strategic, proactive, and explicit in the development, operationalization, implementation, and presentation of their relationship with society, for which often the term third mission is used. In this chapter, we will reflect upon experiences of universities in high- and medium-income countries in realizing their efforts to contribute more effectively and directly to society. The chapter will start with discussing the universities’ self-understanding of their position in society as expressed in institutional strategies and missions. Next, the universities’ educational innovations will be examined, including the use of digital technologies. This is followed by the presentation of examples of both commercially oriented transfer of knowledge to the private sector, and the non-commercial engagement of universities with society, including community development activities. Overall, the nature and impact of third mission activities by universities is impressive. However, there is a general lack of visibility of and appreciation for these activities in society because universities have not been able until now to effectively communicate their third mission achievements.
Transferorientierte Forschung und historischpolitische Bildungsarbeit mit syrischen Geflüchteten – Chancen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Arnold Sina , Lenuweit Tanja
Published: April 2024

Unterschiedliche Vorstellungen von gesellschaftlichem Zusammenhalt zeigen sich auch in der Interpretation historischer Ereignisse und darauf aufbauender Erinnerungspolitik. Vor dem Hintergrund des Wandels Deutschlands zu einer postmigrantischen Gesellschaft wird diskutiert, welche Bedeutung die Erinnerung an den Holocaust für neu Zugewanderte und Geflüchtete hat. Grundlage des Beitrags ist eine mehrjährige Kooperation zwischen dem Projekt »Zwischen Antisemitismus, Rassismus und Flucht  –  Multiperspektivische Zugänge zu Juden / Judentum, Nahostkonflikt und Holocaust in der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft« am Teilinstitut Berlin des FGZ und dem Projekt »Der Gang der Geschichte(n) – Narrative von Zugewanderten über Juden:Jüdinnen, die Shoah und Israel« des Praxispartners »Minor – Projektkontor für Bildung und Forschung«. Die Zusammenarbeit fand unter anderem durch gemeinsame Interviews, Auswertungen, Workshops und Transfertagungen statt. Es werden Methoden zur Umsetzung von Wissenstransfer dargestellt und die pädagogischen Konsequenzen für antisemitismuskritische Bildungs- und Erinnerungsarbeit in der Migrationsgesellschaft reflektiert und diskutiert. Anschließend befasst der Beitrag sich mit Chancen sowie Herausforderungen von forschungsbasiertem Wissenstransfer – etwa den Problemen, die sich aus unterschiedlichen Interessen und Feldlogiken zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis ergeben. Abschließend wird nach den Konsequenzen gefragt, die sich daraus sowohl für gelingenden Wissenstransfer als auch für Konstituierung und Konzept des »gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts« ergeben.
Soziologie der Nachbarschaft
Authors: Kurtenbach Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Während immer neue Spaltungslinien wie soziale Ungleichheit, politische Polarisierung oder der Umgang mit Krisen zu gesellschaftlicher Fragmentierung führen, wird übersehen, dass Nachbarschaft im Alltag ein Potenzial für Zusammenhalt birgt. Das Buch geht daher der Frage nach, was Nachbarschaft eigentlich ist, und präsentiert zahlreiche empirische Befunde. Sebastian Kurtenbach zeigt, wie Nachbarschaft heute verstanden werden kann, welche Rolle Organisationen oder die Digitalisierung für das nachbarschaftliche Zusammenleben spielen, und welche Unterschiede zwischen Nachbarschaft in der Stadt und auf dem Land bestehen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.de
Tragischer Liberalismus
Authors: Hunter Leonie
Published: April 2024

Die liberale Ordnung westlicher Demokratien schlittert von Krise zu Krise. Das politische Versprechen subjektiver Freiheit und demokratischer Selbstbestimmung verkehrt sich zunehmend in sein Gegenteil, in die Kontrolle der Subjekte und eine politische Ohnmacht gegenüber dem Bestehenden. Im Anschluss an Hegel und Marx untersucht Leonie Hunter die tragische Struktur dieser Verkehrung, indem sie die Überwindung der politischen Krisenhaftigkeit unserer Zeit als Aufgabe einer komischen Kritik liberaler Ordnungsbildung ausweist. Denn die Kritik am gegenwärtigen Scheitern des politischen Liberalismus darf nicht dem autoritären Libertarismus überlassen werden. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Topical application of hyaluronic acid and amino acids in hard-to-heal wounds: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Reggiardo Giorgio , Aghina Barbara , Landi Francesco
Published: April 2024

Objective:

The aim of this cost-effectiveness analysis was to estimate the monetary cost required to achieve a gain in health benefit. An analytic model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a topical medical device comprising a mixture of hyaluronic acid and amino acids (HA+AA medical device) (Vulnamin, Professional Dietetics SpA, Italy) as compared to standard of care (SoC) for hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds is presented.

Method:

Retrospective data was analysed from a cohort of patients as well as information from published literature. For each paper, the following information was extracted: number of patients enrolled in each treatment arm and the results of prespecified reviewed outcomes.

Results:

A total of six studies involving 378 patients were included in this pooled analysis. Findings showed that treatment with the HA+AA medical device has the potential to lower consumption of resources. With regards to wound healing, in both superficial and deep wounds, treatment benefits of the HA+AA medical device included: rapid wound size reduction; faster healing; reduction of dressing changes; reduced infection risk; and reduced treatment costs. Results showed the HA+AA medical device to be 32% more cost-effective than comparators in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds (time horizon selected=six months).

Conclusion:

The findings of this analysis showed that treatment with the HA+AA medical device is a valid alternative to SoC care because it is cheaper, and its utility and effectiveness are greater. In addition, the results of the analysis showed a direct relationship between the time to complete healing and the increase in costs (increasing the period of time to reach complete healing increases the costs associated with the treatment).
Prehistoric Stone Ornaments from Phromtin Tai, Central Thailand: New Perspectives on Workshop Traditions through the Study of Drilling Methods
Authors: Lertcharnrit Thanik , Rienjang Wannaporn , Carter Alison , Kenoyer Jonathan Mark , Law Randall W.
Published: April 2024

abstract: The multi-component site of Phromtin Tai, Thailand is notable for its long occupation from the Late Bronze Age (ca. 700–500 b.c.e.) through early historic periods (ca. c.e. 500–900). Multiple field seasons of excavation in burial and habitation areas at the site have recovered a large number of glass and stone beads. Here we present the study of 57 stone beads from the site using qualitative and quantitative methods that demonstrate the presence of multiple stone ornament workshop traditions. Examination of perforations from beads and pendants made from regionally available raw materials of marble, nephrite, serpentine, and other undetermined stone have identified the use of metal drills with abrasives and diamond drills. These drilling techniques along with the distinctive shapes of some finely made beads, as well as the reworking of older broken beads suggests the presence of different scales and organization of local production in Southeast Asia. The different shapes and production processes of carnelian and banded agate beads also may represent various workshop traditions. Some of these latter beads may have originated in South Asia, while others may have been made in different regions of Southeast Asia. This study demonstrates that careful examination of ornament production techniques, and especially bead perforation technology, can be used to identify the presence of different workshop traditions allowing for more fine-grained consideration of inter- and intra-regional bead exchange networks in Southeast Asia. The presence of many semi-precious stone beads of different materials and having morphologically and technologically distinct features at Phromtin Tai demonstrate the active consumption of the beads by social elites at the site. These diversified and exotic status markers represent an intensification and acceleration of the economy and social complexity at Phromtin Tai.
Planting by Faith: A Hopi Farmer's Perspective
Authors: Johnson Michael Kotutwa
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Hopi agriculture and the Hopi farmers who have farmed in the semi-arid Southwest for millennia have faced constant environmental and personal challenges. However, many of us are still fulfilling our obligations and honoring our covenant. We are reminded of this when we look at a small ear of Hopi blue corn, as it represents humility, patience, and endurance. All of these qualities are needed to ensure the prosperity of the next generation of Hopi people—if not humanity.
Becoming a Teacher in Addis Ababa: The Roles of Gender, Academic Achievement, and Family Profession
Authors: Ademe Enguday
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study examined the potential teacher’s opinion towards becoming a teacher. It also checked if there exists a statistically significant relationship between choice to become a teacher and gender, or performance, or family profession. It was mixed quantitative-qualitative in its approach. Grade 12 students in Addis Ababa were the data sources and 394 students participated in the study. Data were collected using feedback surveys and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and a two-way chi-square test for independence. The findings revealed that a significant majority of students (92.6%) would choose not to become teachers. However, 42.4% of them would join the field if they were assigned. Among those who would choose the field, any association between choice and gender, or performance (except choice and performance with no other option), or family profession failed to reach statistical significance. The majority’s reason to join the field is extrinsic and not to do so is intrinsic. ‘Assigning students’ to study teaching rather than through ‘having the interest’ or ‘having no other option’ routes is a preferred way to attract a better pool of candidates to the profession.
Decoding the Lecture on Heads : Personal Satire on the Eighteenth-Century Stage
Authors: Schweitzer Marlis
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This article asserts that one of the most popular plays of the era, George Alexander Stevens’s Lecture on Heads (1764), was so successful in its use of objects, mimicry, and other deverbalizing techniques that historians have subsequently misinterpreted its satirical purpose. The wooden and papier maché heads Stevens exhibited were anything but generic: they were skillfully crafted representations of recognizable public figures. Targeting these figures with keen precision, Stevens engaged his audiences in a complex “gazing game” that required deep knowledge of 1760s court gossip, political intrigue, mezzotint imagery, and the semiotics of print caricature. This article plays that game through close analysis of caricatures, etchings, engravings, mezzotints, oil paintings, and other visual sources, aided by contemporary accounts of the Lecture , and various (unauthorized) publications of Stevens’s script.
Cervantes's Camila, an Unorthodox Heiress to the Griselda Legacy
Authors: Gordon Michael Ross
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The aim of this study is to demonstrate how, and to explain why, Camila, the female protagonist of Cervantes's El curioso impertinente , deviates from the lineage of tested wives, of which Boccaccio's Griselda is the matriarch. Cervantes initially follows the Boccaccian template of the patient wife, with his Camila displaying at the outset an unwavering loyalty to her husband Anselmo. Yet she eventually deviates from the Griselda model, first through her acquisition of agency and voice, and then through her adultery, as Cervantes innovatively presents her metamorphosis alongside an emphasis on Anselmo's culpability. This analysis of Cervantes's dialogue with Boccaccio centered on tested wives is incomplete, however, without also recognizing the previously overlooked influence of Petrarch on El curioso impertinente . Although Cervantes was likely familiar with the Griselda of Il Decameron , it was Petrarch's standalone Latin rifacimento of Boccaccio's tale that served as the basis for the popular 16th-century Spanish translations.
Mundo indígena y dolor épico en Cuarta y Quinta parte de La Araucana de Diego Santisteban Osorio, 1597
Authors: Carreño Rodrigo Faúndez
Published: April 2024

Resumen: El presente artículo estudia la representación épica del mundo indígena mapuche en Cuarta y Quinta parte de La Araucana , continuación literaria de La Araucana de Alonso de Ercilla, publicada por el poeta español Diego Santisteban Osorio en 1597. Su epopeya recrea una serie de enfrentamientos y emboscadas de los hispanos contra los indígenas en las que se pondera el castigo, el dolor, la tortura y martirios de los de Arauco a partir de diversos modelos literarios del Mundo Antiguo — Roma, Numancia, Sagunto— que, en su conjunto, buscan glorificar la guerra de conquista y el holocausto indígena del siglo XVI. Abstract: This article studies the epic representation of the Mapuche indigenous world in the Fourth and Fifth Parts of La Araucana , a literary continuation of La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla, published by the Spanish poet Diego Santisteban Osorio in 1597. His epic recreates a series of confrontations and ambushes of the Hispanics against the natives in which the punishment, pain, torture, and martyrdom of those from Arauco are pondered based on various literary models of the Ancient World—Rome, Numancia, Sagunto—which, as a whole, seek to glorify the war of conquest and the indigenous holocaust of the 16th century.
Military Families and the Arts: An ArcGIS StoryMaps Collection to Discover Art Institutions Near Active-Duty Military Installations
Authors: Tillett Aubree
Published: April 2024

abstract: Military Families and the Arts is an ArcGIS StoryMaps collection that serves military families by mapping art museums and arts centers located near active-duty military installations. The interactive maps are organized by military branch and browsable by an alphabetical list of active-duty military installations. The ArcGIS StoryMaps collection serves three primary functions: to assist military spouses pursuing a career in the arts with finding a comprehensive list of potential employers, to assist military dependents with finding arts-related opportunities to network into their current or new communities, and to assist military families with finding art-related activities near their military installation in the continental United States.
Supporting an Inclusive and Equitable Classroom: Student Perspectives on a Textbook Affordability Initiative
Authors: Murphy Julie A. , Scott Rachel E. , Shelley Anne , Jallas Mallory , Park Rachel
Published: April 2024

abstract: As academic librarians become aware of the challenges textbook expenses pose to student success, they have increased efforts to provide free access to required course materials. Librarians at Illinois State University initiated a program to license course-assigned e-books, surveying participating students and faculty regarding their perspectives on textbook affordability and their experiences with the provided e-books. Student responses were overwhelmingly positive, and they identified several ways the e-books enhanced their experience in the course. The findings suggest that library-provided course materials contribute to students’ engagement as learners and their academic success within courses.
Spanning Literacy Instruction: A Wikipedia Editing Assignment in an Upper-Level Biochemistry Course
Authors: Finkel Iris , Kleiman Frida E.
Published: April 2024

abstract: The authors, a chemistry professor and a librarian, used a qualitative survey to assess student perceptions of a Wikipedia editing assignment that they included in a large upper-level biochemistry course. The assignment was initially intended as a public-facing alternative to a short research paper, emphasizing information literacy and scientific literacy. The goal of the survey was to use the results to enhance the assignment. The results of the survey and research for the literature review inspired a novel approach to the assignment using the perspective of metaliteracy. This approach encourages students to think critically about their role as scholars in a participatory environment.
High-order LP modes based Sagnac interference for temperature sensing with an enhanced optical Vernier effect
Authors: Li Hongwei , Chen Hailiang , Ullah Sajid , Li Yuxin , Shi Ruyue , Gao Zhigang , Liu Chaoyi , zhang Sa , Li Shuguang , Yang Sigang
Published: April 2024

In this paper, high-order LP modes based Sagnac interference for temperature sensing are proposed and investigated theoretically. Based on the specific high-order LP modes excited through the mode selective couplers (MSCs), we design a stress-induced Panda-type few-mode fiber (FMF) supporting 4 LP modes and construct a Sagnac interferometer to achieve a highly sensitive temperature sensor. The performances of different LP modes (LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP02) are explored under a single Sagnac interferometer and paralleled Sagnac interferometers, respectively. LP21 mode has the highest temperature sensitivity. Compared with fundamental mode (LP01), the temperature sensitivity based on LP21 mode improved by 18.2% at least. In addition, a way to achieve the enhanced optical Vernier effect is proposed. It should be noted that two Sagnac loops are located in two temperature boxes of opposite variation trends, respectively. Both two Sagnac interferometers act as the sensing element, which is different from the traditional optical Vernier effect. The temperature sensitivity of novel enhanced optical Vernier effect is magnified by 8 times, which is larger than 5 times the traditional Vernier effect. The novel approach avoids measurement errors and improves the stability of the sensing system. The focus of this research is on high-order mode interference, which has important guiding significance for the development of highly sensitive Sagnac sensors.
Large detection range and high strain sensitivity fiber SPR sensor based on wave structure
Authors: Wei Yong , Ren Puxi , Liu Chunlan , Jiang Tianci , Liu Chunbiao , Shi Chen , Tang Yixiong , Zhang Ziqiang , Liu Zhihai
Published: April 2024

To achieve a fiber strain sensor with a large detection range and high sensitivity, this paper proposes a wave structured fiber SPR strain sensor. When subjected to axial strain, the wave structured fiber is stretched axially, increasing the stretchability of the sensor and achieving a large detection range strain sensing. Meanwhile, axial strain reduces the longitudinal amplitude of the fiber wave structure, effectively changing the total reflection angle of the transmitted beam at the peak and valley (SPR incidence angle) to achieve high sensitivity SPR strain sensing. The experiment indicates that the strain detection range of the sensor can reach 0-1800µε, with a maximum strain sensitivity of 36.25pm/µε. The wave structured fiber SPR strain sensor designed in this article provides a new approach to improve the range and sensitivity of strain detection.
Validation of open-path dual-comb spectroscopy against an O2 background: erratum
Authors: Malarich Nathan A. , Washburn Brian R. , Cossel Kevin C. , Mead Griffin J. , Giorgetta Fabrizio R. , Herman Daniel I. , Newbury Nathan R. , Coddington Ian
Published: April 2024

This erratum corrects errors that appear in Opt. Express 31, 5042 (2023).10.1364/OE.480301
Amoxicillin/clavulanate in combination with rifampicin/clarithromycin is bactericidal against Mycobacterium ulcerans
Authors: Sáez-López Emma , Millán-Placer Ana C. , Lucía Ainhoa , Ramón-García Santiago
Published: April 2024

Background

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. WHO-recommended treatment requires 8-weeks of daily rifampicin (RIF) and clarithromycin (CLA) with wound care. Treatment compliance may be challenging due to socioeconomic determinants. Previous minimum Inhibitory Concentration and checkerboard assays showed that amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMX/CLV) combined with RIF+CLA were synergistic against M. ulcerans. However, in vitro time kill assays (TKA) are a better approach to understand the antimicrobial activity of a drug over time. Colony forming units (CFU) enumeration is the in vitro reference method to measure bacterial load, although this is a time-consuming method due to the slow growth of M. ulcerans.

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of RIF, CLA and AMX/CLV combinations against M. ulcerans clinical isolates by TKA, while comparing four methodologies: CFU enumeration, luminescence by relative light unit (RLU) and optical density (at 600 nm) measurements, and 16S rRNA/IS2404 genes quantification.

Methodology/Principal findings

TKA of RIF, CLA and AMX/CLV alone and in combination were performed against different M. ulcerans clinical isolates. Bacterial loads were quantified with different methodologies after 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days of treatment.

RIF+AMX/CLV and the triple RIF+CLA+AMX/CLV combinations were bactericidal and more effective in vitro than the currently used RIF+CLA combination to treat BU. All methodologies except IS2404 quantitative PCR provided similar results with a good correlation with CFU enumeration. Measuring luminescence (RLU) was the most cost-effective methodology to quantify M. ulcerans bacterial loads in in vitro TKA.

Conclusions/Significance

Our study suggests that alternative and faster TKA methodologies can be used in BU research instead of the cumbersome CFU quantification method. These results provide an in vitro microbiological support to of the BLMs4BU clinical trial (NCT05169554, PACTR202209521256638) to shorten BU treatment.
Prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes of Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Medina-Ramirez Sebastian A. , Soriano-Moreno David R. , Tuco Kimberly G. , Castro-Diaz Sharong D. , Alvarado-Villacorta Rosa , Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel , Yovera-Aldana Marlon
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes of Latin America and the Caribbean.

Methods

We searched Web of Science (WoS)/Core Collection, WoS/MEDLINE, WoS/Scielo, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase databases until January 16, 2023. We meta-analyzed prevalences according to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Results

Forty-three prevalence studies (47 585 participants) and one incidence study (436 participants) were included. The overall prevalence of retinopathy in patients with T1DM was 40.6% (95% CI: 34.7 to 46.6; I2: 92.1%) and in T2DM was 37.3% (95% CI: 31.0 to 43.8; I2: 97.7), but the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty of evidence). In meta-regression, we found that age (T1DM) and time in diabetes (T2DM) were factors associated with the prevalence. On the other hand, one study found a cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy of 39.6% at 9 years of follow-up.

Conclusions

Two out of five patients with T1DM or T2DM may present diabetic retinopathy in Latin America and the Caribbean, but the evidence is very uncertain. This is a major public health problem, and policies and strategies for early detection and opportunely treatment should be proposed.
Mechanisms influencing spatiotemporal differentiation of tourist towns based on geographic detector: A case study of Fujian Province
Authors: Lin Xiuzhi , Zheng Qiuqin , Su Kai , Chen Qiuhua
Published: April 2024

The construction of tourist towns is an important aspect of new-type urbanization construction. In this study, 155 tourist towns in Fujian Province were selected as samples to analyze spatiotemporal differentiation using the geographical concentration index, nearest neighbor index, and local correlation index. Then, a geographic detector model was used to detect the factors that influence the spatiotemporal differentiation of tourist towns and to analyze the explanatory power and interaction of these detection factors. Finally, the mechanisms underlying the detection factors were discussed. Factors affecting the spatiotemporal differentiation of tourist towns in Fujian Province were core factors of traffic network, level of urbanization and population distribution; important factors of industrial structure and socioeconomic basis; and a fundamental factor of policy guidance. These six factors interacted to jointly affect the spatiotemporal differentiation of tourist towns in Fujian Province. The results of this study can provide a basis for the development of tourist towns in other similar regions and have reference value for better optimizing the pattern of urban and town systems and coordinating the synergistic development of urban and rural areas.