bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of post-professional physical therapist training in the treatment of chronic low back pain using a propensity score approach with machine learning.
Authors: Cheema Carolyn , Baldwin Jonathan , Rodeghero Jason , Werneke Mark , Mioduski Jerry , Jeffries Lynn , Kucksdorf Joseph , Shepherd Mark , Randall Ken , Dionne Carol
Published: January 2024

Rationale Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability in the
United States creating substantial economic hardship through multiple
negative social, financial, and health effects. Chronic low back pain
(CLBP) accounted for just above half of patients treated in physical
therapy (PT) clinics for LBP. However, a systematic review and
meta-analysis showed only small benefit from PT in the treatment of
CLBP. Preliminary evidence suggests that clinician-level variables such
as post-professional education may affect treatment outcomes, but
requires further investigation to determine whether patients with CLBP
would reap greater benefit from treatment by providers with
post-professional training. This study examined the relationship between
levels of clinician training and patient-reported outcomes in the
treatment of CLBP. Methods PTs were surveyed using a large commercial
patient outcome assessment system to determine their level of
post-professional education then categorized by education level.
Outcomes for 2497 patients with CLBP were extracted from the database.
To account for the possibility that clinicians with higher levels of
training are referred more clinically complex patients, a machine
learning approach was used to identify predictive variables for
clinician group, which were then used to construct propensity scores as
a means to account for differences between groups. Differences in
functional status score change among the pooled data were analyzed using
linear models adjusted for propensity scores. Results There were no
clinically meaningful differences in patient outcomes when comparing
clinicians with post-professional training to those without. The
propensity score method proved to be a valuable way to account for
differences at baseline between the groups. Conclusion Post-professional
training does not appear to contribute to improved patient outcomes in
the treatment of CLBP. This study demonstrates that propensity score
analysis can be used to ensure that differences observed are true and
not due to differences at baseline.
Inferior clinical outcomes of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in Thailand: A 16-year experience in a single tertiary institution
Authors: Preechawetchakul Polypailin , Rajborirug Songyos , Chotsampancharoen Thirachit , Sangkhathat Surasak , Sangsupavanich Pasuree , Sripornsawan Pornpun
Published: January 2024

Abstract Background: There is limited data available on the treatment
outcomes of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in Asian populations.
Therefore, we aimed to review the baseline characteristics, clinical
outcomes, and prognostic factors in children with RMS from Thailand.
Methods: The data of children under 15 years of age diagnosed with RMS
between 2003 and 2019 from a large tertiary hospital in Southern
Thailand were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics were
utilized to describe the clinical characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier
method was utilized to estimate survival. Cox proportional hazards
regression analysis was utilized to determine prognostic factors that
affect survival. Results: A total of 42 children RMS were included in
this study. The median age at diagnosis was 6.4 years (IQR, 2.4–10.2).
Among these patients, 11 (26%) were older than 10 years, and 13 (31%)
presented with metastatic disease at diagnosis. The 5-year overall
survival (OS) rate was 39% for all children. Age greater than 10 years
(hazard ratio (HR): 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2–9.2) and metastatic disease at
diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR): 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.5) were independently
associated with poorer survival. The 3-year OS for children with
metastatic disease (stage IV) was 15% (95% CI: 4.3–55). Conclusion:
The percentage of metastatic disease in our cohort was higher than that
in previous reports and may have contributed to a poorer outcome. Age
greater than 10 years and metastatic disease at diagnosis were noted as
adverse prognostic factors.
Expression of 15-Lipoxygenase isoenzymes and inflammatory cytokines in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections
Authors: Han Yazhu , Liu Xiaoxue , Wang Jun , Xie Wanxin , Wang Shuchang , Zhang Miaomiao , Li Xue , Fan Xiaojuan , Liu Ye , Zhang Yuling
Published: January 2024

As one of the commonest diseases, respiratory tract infections (RTIs)
are the major causes of high morbidity and mortality among children,
especially recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs). RRTIs can
lead to prolong the recovery period, increase the cost and induce
complications. 15-lipoxygenases (15-LOXs) have two isoenzymes: type 1
and type 2 (15-LOX-1, 15-LOX-2), which has been proved to be key
mediators in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we analyzed the
expression of 15-lipoxygenase isoenzymes and inflammatory cytokines in
children with RRTIs, to determine their roles in active inflammation.
Observational movement analysis and clinical reasoning about the sit to stand movement in a person with stroke: Exploring perspectives of student and expert neurological physiotherapists
Authors: Chua Chelsea Louise , Chong Robert , Hill Sarah , Ng Shireen , Chan Jasmine , Hassan Nada , Patterson Kara , Vaughan-Graham Julie
Published: January 2024

Rationale, aims and objectives: Observational movement analysis (OMA) is
an integral component of neurological physiotherapy assessment,
therefore understanding its related clinical reasoning is an important
aspect of clinical practice. Limited knowledge exists on how these
skills are developed. Exploring the clinical reasoning associated with
OMA in student and expert physiotherapists will inform the development
of these critical skills in physiotherapy curricula. The purpose of this
research study was to explore OMA and its associated clinical reasoning
in student and expert neurological physiotherapists, and to compare and
contrast the two groups. Methods: A qualitative interpretive descriptive
approach was implemented, using semi-structured online interviews and
stimulated recall using eye-gaze behaviour following viewing of a video
of a person with stroke performing sit-to-stand. A purposive sampling
strategy was used. Interview transcriptions provided the raw data, which
was analyzed inductively and independently by two groups of researchers.
Results: Five first-year student physiotherapists enrolled in a
physiotherapy master’s program and five experienced physiotherapists
working clinically in the field of neurorehabilitation with 8-17 years
of experience participated voluntarily. Three consistent themes
developed from both groups: (I) systematic approach; (II) knowledge;
(III) movement performance. Students utilized hypothetico-deductive
clinical reasoning while experts combined forward reasoning and
reflection-in-action. Conclusion: This study provides insight on the
clinical reasoning underlying expert and student OMA. Early clinical
exposure incorporating reflective activities will facilitate
contextualizing and synthesizing multiple aspects of the clinical
presentation. This encourages students to utilize various perspectives
of movement, such that the concept of ‘movement diagnoses’ can be
facilitated during OMA skill development. Additionally, fostering a
philosophy of ‘continuing professional development’ during
entry-to-practice physiotherapy programs will promote a lifetime
learning approach to physiotherapy practice, essential for optimal
patient care. Further investigation is warranted on how forward
reasoning can be fostered during OMA in entry-to-practice physiotherapy
programs.
Evaluation of a Novel Esophageal Luminal Device and its Impact on the Left Atrial-Esophageal Relationship: A Cadaveric Imaging Study
Authors: Shahzad Akmal , Clayton Adam , Martin Charys M. , Barbeau Michele L.
Published: January 2024

Background: Atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a complication
of catheter ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation. Esophageal
luminal devices (ELDs) may potentially mitigate the risk of developing
an AEF by preventing thermal injury, yet their impact on the
esophagus-left atrium (LA) relationship is unknown. Objective:
This study will investigate the changes, if any, that occur in the
LA-esophageal relationship upon insertion of an ELD prototype.
Methods: Twelve fresh cadaveric torsos were scanned, via
computed tomography (CT), with and without an ELD. Esophageal width and
anterior-posterior dimension (APD) were digitally measured and compared
within specimens. 3D reconstructions of the LA and esophagus were used
for a spatial analysis of their relationship. Translational movements of
the esophagus were also noted from reconstructions.
Results: Minimal esophageal translation was noted in seven
(58%) specimens, leftwards deviation in three (25%) specimens, and
posterior deviation in two (17%) specimens. One or both of esophageal
width and APD increased in eleven (92%) specimens but did not always
lead to an increase in surface contact at the posterior LA. In addition,
leftwards or posterior deviation of the esophagus was associated with a
reduction in surface contact, with the latter reducing contact
completely. Furthermore, the anterior esophagus-LA distance was a good
predictor of surface contact changes. Conclusions: This study
is the first to provide a comprehensive understanding of changes in the
esophagus-LA relationship as it pertains to the use of ELDs.
Heterogeneity in morphological and translational changes of the
esophagus suggest the need for considering anatomical variations in the
design of medical devices.
Composite Adrenocortical Tumor and Neuroblastoma in an Infant with a Heterozygous TP53 Germline Mutation
Authors: Rafael John , O'Suoji Chibuzo
Published: January 2024

Composite malignancy of both Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) associated
adrenocortical tumor (ACT) and neuroblastoma (NB) is extremely rare. We
report a 10-month-old boy with a right sided abdominal mass that, after
multiple resections, noted two separate tumors. The adrenal resection
revealed characteristics notable for an ACT; the para-aortic and pelvic
lymph nodes showed poorly differentiated NB. Additional analysis
revealed a wild-type TP53 expression pattern and negative MYCN
amplification, and germline testing revealed a heterozygous TP53
germline c.818G>A, pArg273His mutation, one only associated
with separate tumors. This composite NB and ACT is thus the first
reported in the literature.
Late Infectious Complications Following Ventricular Assist Device Explant: A Case Series
Authors: Hilton Thomas , Eyadiel Lauren , Caldarera Trevor , DeFranzo Anthony , Lata Adrian , Pisani Barbara
Published: January 2024

Driveline site infections are a common complication following
ventricular assist device (VAD) placement but infectious complications
at the prior pump inflow site rarely occur . That
said, VAD pump explantation due to complications or myocardial recovery
are becoming more common in this population as patients are living
longer with contemporary centrifugal VAD technology .
The current literature is limited in terms of risk for reoperation and
an optimal surgical approach to prevent early or long term
post-operative infectious complications . We
present a case series of three VAD explants resulting in remote pump
site complications following explant using various techniques: 1)
outflow graft transection with VAD inflow cannula plug placement and 2)
transection of the inflow graft after removal of silastic cover using a
combined left subcostal and anterior thoracotomy. A summary of the
combined case timelines is noted in Figure 1.
Positive periodic solutions for a sixth-order variable coefficient differential equation with repulsive singularity
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Panpan , Jing Taiyan , Cheng Zhibo
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we first gave the Green’s function of a sixth-order
linear differential equation with variable coefficients, and then proved
the existence of positive periodic solutions for a sixth-order
differential equation with a singularity of repulsive type via
Schauder’s fixed point theorem.
CHASING THE DOUBLE FACE PVC
Authors: Othman Mohd Khairi , 2 * Saravanan a/l Krishinan , Yusof Zurkurnai , Isa W. Yus Haniff W.
Published: January 2024

PVC (premature ventricular complex) is one of the most typical
arrhythmias detected in young patients. We report a case of a patient
with symptomatic high burden PVC origin from posterolateral RVOT.
Drug repositioning in response to COVID-19 and other challenging diseases
Authors: Fomnya Hyellavala , Ibrahim Saidu , Malgwi Sarah , Bilbonga Garley , Amshi Kazabu , Alfred Chahari , Garba Kabiru
Published: January 2024

There are over 90 clinical trials including drug repositioning that have
been initiated to get COVID-19 treatment/management. Antibiotic
resistance, drug tolerance, mutation and adverse drug effects possess a
great deal of setback during therapy especially with emerging infectious
diseases and this necessitates the need for research into getting new
drugs or repositioning the existing ones to meet up with the treatment
of both infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting humanity. Drug
repositioning is a stepwise process that aid in discovering new
indications and therapeutic targets of drugs and it usually takes 3-12
years on the average to be completed whereas in drug discovery, an
average of 10-17 years is needed for the whole process. This is because
in repositioning, research process goes directly to preclinical testing
and clinical trials since both the toxicological and pharmacological
profile of the drug to be repositioned is known, thus reducing time,
risk, and costs. Based on 2009 statistics, 30% of all drugs sold in
that year are products of repositioning while only one out of one
million potential drug candidates have the possibility of entry into
clinical studies with a tendency of having a significant number of
failures. Hence the urgent need to discover new uses of existing drugs
especially with the emergence of human and animal diseases such as
Covid-19 and the high incidence of drug tolerance and resistance. Drug
repositioning is therefore considered as an alternative way as it
entails the discovery of new therapeutic indications for already
existing drugs.
Using AGREE II reporting checklist to evaluate the quality of Tuina clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Huang Fan , Zhang Yue , Huang Chuyu , Qiu Mingwang , Zhao Siyi , Liang Junquan , Guo Rusong , Tian Qiang , Fan Zhiyong , Wu Shan
Published: January 2024

Objective To evaluate the methodological quality of Tuina clinical
practice guidelines. Methods Computer searches of China National
Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP),
Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed, Cochrane Library,
Embase, and other databases were conducted to search for published
guidelines on Tuina, with a search time frame from database creation to
March 2021. Four evaluators independently used the Appraisal of
Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument to evaluate the
quality of the included guidelines. Results Eight guidelines related to
Tuina were included in this study. The quality of reporting was low in
all included guidelines. The highest quality report had a total score of
404 and was rated as “highly recommended”. The worst guideline had a
final score of 241 and was rated as “not recommended”. Overall, 25%
of the included guidelines were recommended for clinical use, 37.5%
were recommended after revision, and 37.5% were not recommended.
Conclusion The number of existing Tuina clinical practice guidelines is
limited. The methodological quality is low, far from the internationally
accepted clinical practice guideline development and reporting norms. In
the future, reporting specifications of guidelines and the methodology
of guideline development, including the rigor of the guideline
development process, the clarity, application, and independence of
reporting, should be emphasized in the development of Tuina guidelines.
These initiatives could improve the quality and applicability of
clinical practice guidelines to guide and standardize the clinical
practice of Tuina.
Long-term Azithromycin Treatment in Pediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: yuhong guan , ZHANG XIANG , yang haiming , Xu Hui , Liu Hui , Li Huimin , Zhao Shunying
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease
mainly involved in lung dysfunction. PCD patient outcomes after
azithromycin (AZM) treatment have rarely been reported. This study was
aimed to assess AZM treatment effects on disease progression of
pediatric PCD patients. Study design: This retrospective follow-up study
involved PCD patients diagnosed from December 2009 to December 2020.
Changes of clinical outcomes, pulmonary function, and chest computed
tomography findings were compared between untreated and AZM-treated
patients. Results: Of 63 enrolled patients (median follow-up duration of
3.1 years), 30 received AZM (AZM-treated group) and 33 received no AZM
(AZM-untreated group). At diagnosis, no significant intergroup
differences in age, sex, height, weight, respiratory infection
frequency, and FEV1% and FVC% predicted values were found, although
FEF25-75% predicted was lower in AZM group. Between treatment
initiation and follow-up, patients in AZM-treated group had less
respiratory infection frequency than that of controls (1.4 ± 0.8 VS 3.0
± 2.1 times/year, respectively, P = 0.001) and fewer AZM-treated group
patients exhibited exercise intolerance. Increases above baseline of
AZM-treated group FEV1% and FVC% predicted values exceeded
corresponding control increases, but intergroup differences were
insignificant (FEV1% predicted: 5.3 (-13.4, 9.4) VS 1.8 (-12.1, 9.5), P
= 0.477; FVC% predicted: 6.7 (-7.6, 18.8) VS 1.6 (-5.6, 7.6), P =
0·328). Conclusions: Long-term AZM treatment can reduce respiratory
infection frequency and may maintain pulmonary diseases stable in
pediatric PCD patients.
Distinct Immune Escape Mechanisms of Bovine Cronavirus Nucleocapsid by Suppressing beta Interferon Production via Retinoic Acid-inducible Gene I-like Receptor Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiangbo , Yuan Zhaofang , Gong Zhuandi , Wei Suocheng
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to explore if bovine coronavirus nucleocapsid
(BCoV N) impacts beta interferon (IFN-β) production in the host cells
and to reveal further molecular mechanism of BCoV pathopoiesis. Human
embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells were transientlly transfected with
pCMV-Myc-BCoV-N recombinant plasmids, then infected with the vesicular
stomatitis virus (VSV). Expression levels of IFN-β mRNA were detected
using qPCR. The results determinated that pCMV-Myc-BCoV-N recombinant
plasmids of 1347bp was successfully constructed and transcribed into HEK
293T cells. Western-blotting assay indicated that BCoV-N recombinant
plasmids had excellent antigenicity. BCoV-N recombinant proteins
inhibited dose-dependently IFN-β production mediated by Vesicular
stomatitis virus (VSV) (P<0.01). Furthermore, MDA5, MAVS, TBK1
and IRF3 could promote transcription levels of IFN-β mRNA. But, BCoV-N
proteins demoted IFN-β levels induced by MDA5, MAVS, TBK1 and IRF3.
Expression levels of MDA5, MAVS, TBK1 and IRF3 mRNAs were reduced in
retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor (RLR) pathway. In
conclusion, BCoV-N reduced IFN-β levels in RLR pathway of HEK 293T
cells. BCoV-N protein inhibited IFN-β production and activation of RLRs
signal pathway. Our findings demonstrated a new mechanism evolved by
BCoV to inhibit type I IFN production and provided a solid scientific
basis for revealing the pathogenesis of BCoV, which is beneficial for
developing novel strategy of the diagnose and therapy of BCoV disease.
Identification of a novel antithrombin-III like protein from Punica granatum using bioinformatics approach.
Authors: Sawetaji * , Jindal Shanky , Kant Ravi , Saluja Daman , Aggarwal Kamal Krishan
Published: January 2024

Sequences similar to antithrombin-III in plants were retrieved from NCBI
BLAST. Sequences showing homology more than 32% were shortlisted. Due
to the non-availability of the crystal structures of the shortlisted
sequences in the PDB database, models were generated using SWISS MODEL
web server. The generated models were authenticated using SAVES web
server. Best models for each sequence were selected and docked with
thrombin using HawkDock web server. Out of 15 docked complexes, ALPP was
shortlisted depending upon the highest binding affinity of -41.28
kcal/mol. Thrombin structure complexed with antithrombin-III like
protein from Punica granatum (ALPP) was docked with TAME using
AutoDock Vina to see if structure from ALPP affects the TAME binding. No
interaction or binding is observed for TAME at 195Ser residue of
thrombin. So after binding with ALPP, thrombin loses its affinity to
bind with TAME at active site residue. MD simulation was performed for
20 ns to evaluate the flexibility and the stability of the docked
complexes. The RMSD for the Thrombin-TAME complex was found to be 0.35nm
whereas the RMSD of ALPP-Thrombin complex was found to be 0.4nm. Thus,
it is very likely that the protein identified from Punica
granatum may act as an inhibitor for thrombin.
Upper deep vein thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 infection and a giant goiter
Authors: Marui Suemi , Machado Iza F. R. , Neiva Raissa P , Vanderlei Felipe , Kowalski Luiz , Caruso Pedro
Published: January 2024

A 74-year-old female presented with COVID-19 pneumonia and multinodular
goiter with right lobe enlargement, occupying medium mediastinum with
trachea compression is presented. COVID-19 pro-thrombotic status
combined with low dynamic flow due to the large goiter resulted in deep
vein thrombosis of subclavian and jugular veins in this case.
Seafood Allergen: Immune Response and their detection by advanced DNA and Protein-based methods: A review
Authors: Sharma Khushbu , Gulati Rachna , Sushma *
Published: January 2024

Seafood is highly nutritive and has an excellent source of proteins,
vitamins, minerals, and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids such as
Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the n-3
series (omega-3). Due to great nutritive value and large health
benefits, their consumption has been increasing continuously. Sometimes
but significantly, in a small number of individuals consumption of
seafood often leads to adverse reactions like a food allergy. It is a
global public health issue in regards to food safety that decline the
quality of life and may endanger the lives in severe cases. Seafood
allergen can induce hypersensitive immune responses due to their
ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation. Recent advancement in the food
processing sector implies a great focus on the identification of food
allergens by developing a rapid and user-friendly method to assess risk
through proper labeling of foods and proper management. According to
recent European Union regulations, food producers are advised to declare
the presence of foods that are potentially allergic ingredients and
highlight them by proper labeling. These efforts enable consumers’
health to be guaranteed. There are various techniques for detection such
as DNA-based, Aptamer based, and protein-based. These are more efficient
and reliable detection methods for seafood allergen and will ensure the
food safety and health of the consumer.
Optimizing ECG lead selection for detection of prolongation of ventricular repolarization as measured by the Tpeak-end interval
Authors: Ruedisueli Isabelle , Ma Joyce , Nguyen Randy , Lakhani Karishma , Gornbein Jeffrey , Middlekauff Holly R.
Published: January 2024

Background The Tpeak-end(Tp-e) has not been compared in all 12 ECG leads
in healthy adults to determine if the Tp-e varies across leads. If there
is variation, it remains uncertain which lead(s) are preferred for
recording in order to capture the maximal Tp-e value. The purpose of the
current study was to determine the optimal leads, if any, to capture the
maximal Tp-e interval in healthy young adults. Methods In 88 healthy
adults(ages 21-38 years), including derivation(n=21), validation(n=20),
and smoker/vaper(n=47) cohorts, the Tp-e was measured using commercial
computer software (LabChart Pro8 with ECG module, ADInstruments) in all
12 leads at rest and following a provocative maneuver, abrupt standing.
Tp-e was compared to determine which lead(s) most frequently captured
the maximal Tp-e interval. Results In the rest and abrupt standing
positions, the Tp-e was not uniform among the 12 leads; the maximal Tp-e
was most frequently captured in the precordial leads. At rest, grouping
leads V2-V4 resulted in detection of the maximum Tp-e in 85.7% of
participants(CI 70.7, 99.9%) vs all other leads (p<0.001).
Upon abrupt standing, grouping leads V2-V6 together, resulted in
detection of the maximum Tp-e in 85.0% of participants (CI 69.4, 99.9%
vs all other leads; p<0.001). These findings were confirmed in
the validation cohort, and extended to the smoking/vaping cohort.
Conclusion If only a subset of ECG leads will be recorded or analyzed
for the Tp-e interval, selection of the precordial leads is preferred
since these leads are most likely to capture the maximal Tp-e value.
TRICUSPID VALVE REPLACEMENT IN INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS
Authors: Cerillo Alfredo , Chiarello Bruno , Acquafresca Manlio , Scheggi Valentina , Marchionni Niccolò , Stefano Pier Luigi
Published: January 2024

Tricuspid valve replacement for infective endocarditis (TVE) in
intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) may pose special clinical challenges,
since mechanical prostheses require lifelong anticoagulation therapy,
and bioprostheses degenerate over time, especially in young patients.
The Inspiris aortic bioprosthesis has been designed to reduce the rate
of structural valve deterioration (SVD) and to improve durability. We
describe three IVDAs with TVE undergoing tricuspid valve replacement
with an inverted Inspiris valve, and discuss the potential advantages of
this approach.
Construction and verification of a predictive model for risk factors in children with severe adenoviral pneumonia
Authors: He Yaqiong , Xie Leyun , Zeng Saizhen , Liu Jianbin , Zhang Bing , Lin Huashan , Liu Peng
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to establish a predictive model of severe adenovirus
pneumonia in children based on low-dose CT imaging and clinical features
of the chest and evaluate the model.This retrospective study included
177 pediatric adenovirus patients who underwent low-dose CT scans
between January 2019 and August 2019. We collected clinical and imaging
manifestations, complications, and laboratory test indicators in two
groups of children and conducted all statistical analyses. Using a
logistic regression model to analyze severe adenovirus pneumonia risk
factors in children. We constructed a prediction model by drawing a
nomogram and verified the predictive efficacy of the model through the
ROC curve.The difference was statistically significant
（P<0.05） between the mild adenovirus pneumonia group and the
severe adenovirus pneumonia group in gender, age, weight, body
temperature, L/N ratio, LDH, ALT, AST, CK-MB, adenovirus DNA loads,
bronchial inflation sign, emphysema, ground glass sign, bronchial wall
thickening, bronchiectasis, pleural effusion, consolidation score, and
lobular inflammation score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
showed that gender, LDH value, emphysema, consolidation score, and
lobular inflammation score were severe independent risk factors for
adenovirus pneumonia in children. Logistic regression was employed to
construct clinical models, imaging semantic feature models, and combined
models. The clinical decision curve analysis demonstrates the clinical
application value of the nomogram prediction model.The comprehensive
nomogram prediction model, based on low-dose chest CT imaging and
clinical data, can predict the high-risk factors of severe adenovirus
pneumonia in children and has good clinical application value.
A novel SLC4A1 mutation in a 7 years-old Italian boy with hereditary spherocytosis and distal renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Possenti Ilaria , Pieri Giovanni Raimondo , Secco Andrea , Castorina Pierangela , Felici Enrico
Published: January 2024

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary distal renal tubular
acidosis (dRTA) could share a common pathogenesis, related to defects in
band 3 anion exchanger 1 (AE1), encoded by the human solute carrier
family 4 anion exchanger member 1 (SLC4A1) gene. SLC4A1 is expressed
both in the red blood cell membrane (eAE1) and in distal tubules of the
kidney (kAE1), its mutations may result in red blood cells dysmorphology
and impaired urinary acidification. We describe a 7 years-old Italian
boy with coexisting HS and dRTA caused by a novel SLC4A1 mutation,
confirming that HS and dRTA could be part of a multisystemic disease
requiring multidisciplinary approach.
Scale-Dependent Coherence of Terrestrial Vertebrate Biodiversity with Environment
Authors: O'Malley Conor , Roberts Gareth , Mannion Philip , Hackel Jan , Wang Yanghua
Published: January 2024

Disentangling contributions from environmental variables is crucial for
explaining global biodiversity patterns. We use wavelet power spectra to
separate wavelength-dependent trends across Earth’s surface. Spectra
reveal scale- and location-dependent coherence between species richness
and topography (E), annual precipitation (Pn), temperature
(Tm) and temperature range (ΔT). >97% of
richness of carnivorans, bats, songbirds, hummingbirds and amphibians
resides at wavelengths
>~10 km. 30-69% is
generated at scales >~10
km. At these scales, richness across the Americas is anti-correlated
with E and ΔT, and positively correlated with Pn
and Tm. Carnivoran richness is incoherent with ΔT,
suggesting insensitivity to temperature seasonality. Conversely,
amphibian richness is anti-correlated with ΔT at large scales. At
scales <~10 km, richness is
highest within the tropics. Terrestrial plateaux exhibit coherence
between carnivoran richness and E at scales
~10 km, reflecting contributions of
orogeny/epeirogeny to biodiversity. Similar findings result from
transects across other continents. Scale-dependent sensitivities of
vertebrate populations to climate are revealed.
Oligosaccharide to short-chain fatty acid mediates food intake and fat synthesis in obese mice
Authors: Chen kaiyang , Hu Meimei , Tang Ming , Gao Congcong , Wang Haikuan , Man Shuli , Lu Fuping
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose Dietary fiber has been used to prevent obesity by
regulating the intestinal flora and promoting the production of
short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, it is insufficient to conclude
the decisive role of microbiota and SCFAs by adding oligosaccharides to
foods without caloric balance. Experimental approach The effects of
oligosaccharides and their regulated microflora on the development of
obesity in mice were studied by designing a high-fat diet with equal
calories but different contents of oligosaccharides. Simulation of SCFAs
produced by intestinal flora to explore the regulatory mechanisms of
bacterial flora in hormone and lipid synthesis. Key results Isocaloric
diets demonstrated that appropriate rather than excess oligosaccharides
prevent obesity by regulating appetite. Such an appetite was inhibited
by oligosaccharides but promoted by SCFAs. Furthermore, promoted
appetite was tightly related to decreased insulin and increased acyl-CoA
binding protein, which was correlated with SCFA-induced fat degradation.
Interestingly, drinking butyrate alleviated obesity even with higher
calorie intake. Molecular docking demonstrated that conversion of
butyrate to butyryl-CoA converted from butyrate, as a structural analog
of acetyl-CoA, inhibits the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
Conclusion and implications Together, these findings demonstrate the
limitation of fermentable fiber and provide possible obesity therapeutic
targets that inhibit bacterial fermentation or increase the ratio of
butyrate/acetate.
“Measurement of mitral annular plane systolic excursion to estimate left ventricular ejection fraction in Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction”
Authors: Poudel Samir , Maskey Arun , Sah Ram Kishor , Koirala Prabha Chapagain , Gautam Binayak , Sherpa Kunjang , Gautam Lata
Published: January 2024

Backgrounds and Aims: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) serves
as an important prognostic tool for the management of patients with
heart failure.. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion(MAPSE) can be
used for the calculation of LVEF as an easy, reproducible and
cost-effective method. Method: This was a hospital-based observational
study. Patients, above 18, from OPD and wards in Bir Hospital and Shahid
Gangalal National Heart Centre referred for echocardiographic
assessment, who were found to have systolic dysfunction (LVEF
< 50%), were enrolled in the study. Patients with primary
valvular disease, congenital heart disease, any form of arrhythmia,
acute coronary syndrome, hemodynamic instability and history of recent
(≤6weeks ) cardioversion were excluded from the study. Mean of lateral
and medial MAPSE values and LVEF derived from biplane apical (2- and
4-chamber) views using the modified Simpson’ s rule algorithm were
taken. Results: 155 patients were enrolled in the study, out of which,
81 were males and 74 were females. Gender-wise regression analysis
between LVEF-Simpson and MAPSE-Mean showed a strong positive correlation
(R = 0.614) for males and a fair positive
correlation ( R = 0.310) for females. In both, the
regression model was significant (p < 0.05). From the
Regression analysis, the gender-specific formulae for predicted LVEF
from MAPSE for our population were calculated as:
A mathematical model for inter-specific interactions in seagrasses
Authors: Llabrés Eva , Mayol Elvira , Marbà Núria , Sintes Tomàs
Published: January 2024

Seagrasses are vital organisms in coastal waters, and the drastic demise of their population in the last decades has worrying implications for marine ecosystems. Spatial models for seagrass meadows provide a mathematical framework to study their dynamical processes and emergent collective behavior. These models are crucial to predict the response of seagrasses to different global warming scenarios, analyze the resilience of existing seagrass distributions, and optimize restoration strategies. In this article, we propose a model that includes interactions among different species based on the clonal growth of seagrasses. We present a theoretical analysis of the model considering the specific case of the seagrass-seaweed interaction between Cymodocea nodosa and Caulerpa prolifera. Our simulations successfully reproduce field observations of shoot densities in mixed meadows in the Ebro River Delta in the Mediterranean Sea. Besides, the proposed model allows us to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms that mediate the interaction among the two macrophytes.
High quality sustainable development of soil and water conservation vegetation
Authors: guo zhongsheng , Chen Dandan , Ning Ting , zhang wenwen
Published: January 2024

The effect of vegetation on soil and water conservation increases with
the increase of planting density. At the same time, the degree of soil
drought increases with the increase of planting density, and leads to
the decline of vegetation or waste resources and then affects the
benefit of vegetation on soil and water conservation. However, there is
a few research of high-quality sustainable management of easier degraded
soil and water conservation vegetation ecosystems. In this paper, the
high-quality sustainable management of soil and water conservation
vegetation was reviewed. The results showed that the degree of cover of
soil and water conservation vegetation increases with increasing density
under other things being equal; the canopy interception increases with
stand density but there is a peak value of canopy interception. The
surface runoff decreases with increasing density with a logarithm
relationship; the sediment charge in the runoff increases with reducing
density with a logistic relation. There is a limit of soil and water
conservation vegetation, which is the cover degree of soil and water
conservation vegetation when the existing plant density of indicator
species in a plant community is equal to vegetation carrying capacity.
When plant density of indicator species in a plant community is more
than vegetation carrying capacity, the cover degree of soil and water
conservation vegetation is more than the vegetation restoration limit of
soil and water conservation vegetation, the plant resources relationship
should be regulated based on vegetation carrying capacity to realize
high-quality sustainable management of soil and water conservation
vegetation.
Estimation of iron overload with T2*MRI vs. serum ferritin in children treated for hematological malignancies
Authors: Munikoty Vinay , Sodhi Kushaljit , Bhatia Anmol , BHATIA PRATEEK , Attri Savita , Rohit ManojKumar , Trehan Amita , Khandelwal N , Bansal Deepak
Published: January 2024

Background. Iron overload may contribute to complications in childhood
cancer survivors. Methodology. Patients treated for hematological
malignancy, ≥6 months from the end of therapy, who had received ≥5
red-cell transfusions were enrolled in the cross-sectional study.
Iron-overload was estimated by serum ferritin (SF) and T2*MRI. Results.
Forty-five survivors were enrolled among 431 treated for hematological
malignancies. The median age at diagnosis was 7-years. The median number
of red-cell units transfused was 8 (IQR 7, 10). The median duration from
the end of treatment was 15 months (IQR 8.75, 25). An elevated SF
(>1000 ng/ml), elevated liver iron concentration (LIC) and
myocardial iron concentration (MIC) were observed in 5 (11.1%), 20
(45.4%), and 2 (4.5%) patients, respectively. All survivors with SF
>1000 ng/ml had elevated LIC. The LIC correlated with SF
(p<0.001). MIC lacked correlation with SF or LIC. The number
of red-cell units transfused and duration from last transfusion
correlated with SF (p=0.001, 0.002) and LIC (p=0.012, 0.005). SF
>500 ng/ml predicted elevated LIC with
sensitivity/specificity of 80%/79%. A cut-off of 8 units of red-cells
predicted elevated LIC with sensitivity/specificity of 95%/49.8%.
Conclusions. Iron overload in survivors of hematological malignancies
who had received ≥5 red-cell transfusions, estimated by SF, LIC, and MIC
was 11.1%, 45.4%, and 4.5%. We suggest screening by SF for survivors
who have received >8 transfusions. If SF is 500-1000 ng/ml,
a T2*MRI is useful for estimating LIC. A T2*MRI can be avoided if SF
exceeds 1000 ng/ml, as LIC will be expected to be elevated.
A Bioequivalence Study of Ezetimibe/Rosuvastatin Fixed Dose Combination (10 mg/10 mg) Versus the Individual Formulations Taken Concomitantly
Authors: Di Yujing , Wang Zhaojun , Jia Chuandong , Xie Xin , Yang Shanshan , Wang Wenhua , Xie Xiaochuan , Wang Qian , Hu Chanyan , Xie Fang , Abdel-Moneim Mohamed , Hovsepian Lionel , Wu Yanzhen , Yang Na , Hou Jie , Mei Shifang
Published: January 2024

Purpose This study aimed at evaluating bioequivalence of
ezetimibe/rosuvastatin fixed dose combination compared to the
concomitant administration of individual formulations (ezetimibe and
rosuvastatin) in Chinese healthy subjects under fasting conditions.
Methods A phase I, randomized, open-label, 2-treatment, 2-period,
2-sequence, crossover study was conducted in healthy Chinese
participants under fasting condition. Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ from test
and individual reference formulations were evaluated to assess
bioequivalence. The safety assessments included adverse events
(AEs)/treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), potential clinically
significant abnormalities (PCSAs) in vital signs, 12-lead
electrocardiogram (12-ECG), and clinical laboratory parameters. Findings
68 subjects were enrolled, and 67 were treated. Systemic exposure to
rosuvastatin based on Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were similar in both
treatments, with respective arithmetic values 12.4 ng/ml, 117 ng·h/mL
and 120 ng·h/mL for test formulation and 12.7 ng/ml, 120 ng·h/mL and 123
ng·h/mL for reference formulations. Similarly, systemic exposure to
unconjugated ezetimibe were 4.14 ng/ml, 89.7 ng·h/mL and 102 ng·h/mL for
test formulation and 3.80 ng/ml, 89.7 ng·h/mL and 102 ng·h/mL for
reference formulations. Systemic exposure to total ezetimibe were 70.5
ng/ml, 664 ng·h/mL and 718 ng·h/mL for test formulation and 60.2 ng/ml,
648 ng·h/mL and 702 ng·h/mL for reference formulations. The point
estimate for rosuvastatin, unconjugated ezetimibe and total ezetimibe
were in the acceptable range of 0.80-1.25. No deaths, serious adverse
events (SAE) were reported. Conclusions Fixed dose combination of
ezetimibe/rosuvastatin (10mg/10mg) achieved bioequivalence with
reference to commercial tablets.
How Vulnerable Are Wular Lake Fishing Communities vis a vis Non-fishing Communities in rural Kashmir? Insights and Interventions for Development
Authors: Regu Atufa , Shanmugam Ananthan Pachampalayam , Argade Shivaji Dadabhau , Qureshi Neha Wajahat
Published: January 2024

Wular Lake, one of the largest wetlands in Asia with 11,277 ha in
Kashmir valley, is a biodiversity-rich Ramsar site supporting about
32,000 rural families involved in harvesting fish, water chestnut, lotus
stem and fodder. With 2914 active fishers, Wular contributes 54% of
Kashmir’s fish catch. Large scale land-use changes and global warming
have led to siltation, shrinkage of lake area and alterations in water
flow regime threatening lake ecology and livelihoods. This study uses a
novel census-based multi-criteria Socio-Economic Vulnerability Index
(SEVI) covering 23 fishing and 115 non-fishing adjacent villages. Except
for Kunas, all fishing villages exhibited ‘low’ (0.21 to 0.40)
vulnerability levels. Interestingly, no significant differences in
vulnerability was found between fishing (23) and non-fishing (115)
villages though, the former showed relatively higher social sensitivity.
A graphical decision matrix based on sensitivity and adaptive capacity
scores provides a snapshot of vulnerability status of each village.
Using SEVI values, drivers - key indicators responsible for high
sensitivity & low adaptive capacity - were identified and village
specific development interventions suggested using Kunas as the
model village for illustration. Improving education levels,
strengthening community and rural infrastructure, and expanding
livelihood options were key short-term strategies for improving
resilience in Kashmir’s Wular region.
Otomycosis - a review of current management trends
Authors: Boolaky Samiihah , Sandooram Dosh
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Otomycosis is increasing in prevalence and can account for up
to 20% of ENT outpatient consultations in warm and humid regions.
Objectives: The aim of this review was to investigate the treatment
strategies and antifungal agents used in various institutions and to
highlight current trends. Design: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google
Scholar electronic databases were searched for freely-accessible
articles spanning January 2001 and December 2020. Results: 59 full-text
English-language articles were retrieved. Aspergillus spp. were the
commonest species isolated followed by Candida spp.
Clotrimazole-resistant Aspergillus spp. were encountered more frequently
among immunosuppressed patients. Topical medications included drops,
creams, ointments, powders, lotions and sprays. Systemic treatment was
given orally or intravenously. Antifungal agents used were azoles,
polyenes, echinocandin, allylamine, thiocarbamate, hydroxyquinoline and
griseofulvin. Antiseptics employed included Betadine, Gentian Violet,
N-chlorotaurine, Castellani’s Paint, Cresylate drops and Tincture
Merthiolate. Steroids (beclomethasone, betamethasone, dexamethasone and
hydrocortisone) were generally used in combination therapy. Acidifying
agents administered were 3% boric acid, 2% acetic acid and 2%
salicylic acid. Lignocaine and tetracaine formed part of some
formulations. Conclusions: Topical applications are the mainstay of
treatment of otomycosis, but occasionally oral or intravenous agents are
required. Aural toilet and specific antiseptics have an important role.
Clotrimazole remains an essential antifungal against a variety of fungi,
but other antifungals may be needed against resistant species and in
immunocompromised patients.
The effect of exercise during pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth: A retrospective study
Authors: Bai Shouxin , Xiao Yang , Lin Shanqian , Du Shuang , Wang Zhiping
Published: January 2024

Objective: To examine the association between exercise during pregnancy
and preterm birth (PTB). Design: Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting:
Jinan, China. Population: Singleton live births from December 2018 to
December 2019. Methods: Questionnaires contained items about physical
exercise (frequency, time, and primary exercise patterns) during
pregnancy and each trimester. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated
using logistic regression. Variable selection for the multivariate
models was guided by the directed acyclic graph. The median effect was
analyzed by the sequential test. Main Outcome Measures: PTB. Results:
The prevalence of PTB in this study was 4.38% (285/6501). The adjusted
OR (95% CI) for the risk of PTB related to exercise during pregnancy
was 0.74 (0.58-0.95). During the 1st and 2nd trimesters, the ORs (95%
CI) for 2.5 to 7 hours of exercise per week were 0.77 (0.59-0.99) and
0.74 (0.57-0.96). During the 3rd trimester, the ORs (95% CI) for 2.5 to
7 hours and more than 7 hours of exercise per week were 0.74 (0.56-0.96)
and 0.65 (0.44-0.94). After stratifying the subjects, the association
was only found among subjects without pregnancy complications. Pregnancy
complications partially mediated (52.40%) the relationship between
exercise during pregnancy and PTB. Conclusions: Exercise during
pregnancy was a protective factor of PTB for women without pregnancy
complications. 2.5 to 7 hours of exercise (like walking) per week may be
appropriate in three trimesters of pregnancy, and the time could be
extended in the 3rd trimester. Keywords: Preterm birth; Exercise;
Pregnancy; Trimester; Mediation analysis
COVID-19 in pregnant women in South Africa; a retrospective review
Authors: Bhoora Shastra , Zamparini Jarrod , Odell Natalie , Murray Lyle , Balie Gaynor , Sanyika Nyaradzo , Mall Katie , Ramdin Tanusha , Mahomed Adam , Chauke Lawrence
Published: January 2024

Objective: To describe the prevalence, profile and clinical outcomes of
pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary facility in Gauteng,
South Africa Design: Retrospective review Setting: An academic hospital
in Johannesburg, South Africa Population: Two-hundred and four (204)
pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted between 6 March and 30 August 2020
Methods: Patient data was captured on discharge or death from
paper-based clinical files onto a digital database Main Outcome
Measures: Rates of mortality and/or admission to ICU, symptomatic versus
asymptomatic disease, maternal and fetal outcome and mode of delivery.
Results: A final cohort of 204 pregnant women were included in the
study. Thirty three (16.2%) women were critically ill, with 21 (10.3%)
admitted to the ICU and 3 (1.5%) deaths related to COVID-19.
Conclusions: COVID-19 related mortality in our cohort was higher than
that seen internationally, likely due to differences in background
maternal mortality rates and difficulty in accessing care.