bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gradient structure and fracture characteristics of steel castings
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kondratyuk S.Ye. , Parkhomchuk Z.V. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Veis V.I. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

The effect of melt overheating over the equilibrium liquidus to temperatures of 1570 ºС, 1620 ºС and 1670 ºС and heat removal conditions (normal and rapid cooling) on the formation of a gradient structure and fracture characteristics over the cross section of castings of 25L and 30HGSL steels was investigated. The differentiated phase-structural state of rectangular castings (60x60x100 mm) was provided by the predominant one-sided heat removal in foundry molds with different heat removal capacity and average cooling rate 2 – 5 ºС/s and 300 – 350 ºС/s. Regular changes in the length of the main macrostructural zones in castings are established depending on the crystallization conditions, in particular, an increase in the zone of near-surface small crystals and the transcrystallization zone during rapid cooling of the melt. It is shown that depending on the temperature conditions of melt preparation and cooling during crystallization, the grain size in the cross section of castings varies by 4-5 numbers (steel 25L) and by 6-8 numbers (steel 30HGSL). The rapid cooling of the melt causes a significant increase in the impact strength of the cross section of the castings in the range of 50-35 J/cm2 (steel 25L) and 40-20 J/cm2 (steel 30HGSL), even under conditions of significant overheating of the melt. Under normal cooling conditions, there is a significant decrease in the values of impact strength in the cross section of the castings from 30 to 15 J/cm2. According to the results of determining the toughness in castings with differentiated structure depending on the crystallization conditions and test temperature (+20 ºС… -60 ºС) the regression equation for changing its values in the range of viscous-brittle transition temperatures and brittleness temperature (Tbrtl50) of steels in the volume of castings. The obtained results create preconditions for the development of technological principles of engineering of cast steel products to ensure the specified properties in accordance with the requirements of their operation. Keywords: steel, crystallization, gradient structure, toughness.
RE-INTERPRETASI BUKU TEKS SEJARAH INDONESIA: KRITIK TERHADAP NARASI NASIONALISME SEJARAH
Authors: Cipta Samudra Eka
Published: May 2022

Perjalanan Bangsa Indonesia sudah dimulai sejak masa sejarah yang berati masa dimana Bangsa Indonesia sudah mulai mengenal tradisi tulisan sebagai upaya untuk merekam sejarah leluhurnya. Perkembangan Bangsa Indonesia terus mengalami dinamika pada setiap periodisasinya. Dari dinamika tersebut kemudian ada sebuah usaha untuk memperkuat dan mempersatukan Bangsa Indonesia melalui nasionalisme. Nasionalisme di Indonesia dimulai sejak tahun 1901-1920 atau dikenal sebagai Masa Awal Pergerakan Indonesia dengan ditandainya organiasi pergerakan baik yang memiliki orientasi pada pendidikan maupun politik. Sejarah Nasionalisme di Indonesia tidak terbatas pada Era Pergerakan namun terus bergerak hingga saat ini. Pendidikan sejarah lahir dan berangkat melalui Sejarah Perkembangan Bangsa Indonesia. Tentunya dalam historiografi Bangsa Indonesia penuh dengan catatan-catatan perjuangan bagaimana para tokoh pendiri bangsa memperjuangkan untuk mendirikan Republik Indonesia melalui pertumpahan darah. Tentunya esensi dari Pendidikan Sejarah bagaimana upaya peningkatan nilai-niilai nasionalisme disajikan dalam bentuk historiografi. Hal tersebut jika mengutip pernyataan dari Soekarno ‘’bangsa yang besar adalah  bangsa yang menghargai sejarahnya’’ sebagai asumsi bahwa pentingnya untuk mempelajari sejarah selain untuk mempelajari awal sejarah Indonesia juga mempelajari perjuangan Bangsa Indonesia dalam mendirikan Republik Indoensia dengan berbagai dinamikanya terutama masih sangat dipengaharui unsur politis dalam mewarnai Sejarah Indonesia.
PENERAPAN METODE PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR GEOGRAFI PESERTA DIDIK SMA NEGERI 2 BANDA ACEH
Authors: Desfandi Mirza , Azis Daska , Fadhlurrahman Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Peningkatan hasil belajar dengan penerapan metode Project Based Learning berbantuan media video animasi; (2) Aktivitas guru dan peserta didik dalam penerapan metode Project Based Learning berbantuan media video animasi; (3) Keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran dalam penerapan metode Project Based Learning berbantuan media video animasi; dan (4) Respon peserta didik setelah proses pembelajaran dengan metode Project Based Learning berbantuan media video animasi. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan pada peserta didik kelas XI IS 1 SMA Negeri 2 Banda Aceh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan individual peserta didik, dari 80% meningkat menjadi 90% pada siklus 2. Sedangkan kekuntasan klasikal dari 70%, meningkat menjadi 90%; (2) Aktifitas guru dan peserta didik pada siklus I sebanyak 5 aktifitas sesuai dari 11 kegiatan yang dimuat dan pada siklus II semua kegiatan sesuai dengan rencana; (3) Keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran terjadi peningkatan, pada siklus I skor yang didapat sebesar 2,21 dan pada siklus II skor 3,63 dengan kategori sangat baik; dan (4) Respon peserta didik terhadap pembelajaran umumnya adalah positif. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian disarankan kepada tenaga pendidik untuk dapat menerapkan metode Project Based Learning berbantuan media Animasi pada materi yang dianggap sesuai.
KEARIFAN LOKAL TABOT SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA: SEBUAH ANALISIS RELEVANSI
Authors: Syaputra Een , Satria Irwan
Published: May 2022

Tabot is the local wisdom of Bengkulu whose existence plays an important role in society. As a pearl of local wisdom, the values contained in Tabot tradition are very important to be internalized to students as young people. One of the strategies is through integrated Tabot local wisdom in history learning in senior high school, especially as a source of learning. The purposes of this research are to describe Tabot local wisdom and analyze the relevance of Tabot local wisdom as a source of history learning in senior high school. This research was conducted with library research. The research steps undertaken are: 1) preparing tools and equipment; 2) compiling a working bibliography; 3) arranging research time; 4) reading and making research notes, and 5) concluding and analyzing the results of the research. The results of the research showed that: 1) Tabot tradition in one tradition that has been entrenched in Bengkulu, whose existence has been going on for hundreds of years. As a tradition that breathes Islam, Tabot tradition in Bengkulu has experienced acculturation with a local culture so that it can survive until now. Also, the Tabot tradition is a tradition that is rich in values, especially religious and social values such as cooperation, brotherhood, social care, responsibility, and others; 2) Tabot local wisdom is very relevant to be used as a source of history learning in senior high school, especially on three Basic Competences, namely Basic Competence 3.7. and Basic Competence 3.8. for X classes and Basic Competence 3.2. for the XI class.
Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Berbasis Nilai Karakter Sebagai Upaya Membangun Ketrampilan Sosial Mahasiswa
Authors: Suyanti Suyanti
Published: May 2022

Abstrak Dalam penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan yaitu agar mahasiswa mempunyai kecerdasan sosial lebih baik, dan meningkatkan pemahaman, berpengaruh positif dalam berinteraksi serta dapat mengembangkan hubungan ketika berinteraksi dengan mahasiswa yang lain. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif studi kasus. Subyek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Mahasiswa dan Dosen pembelajaran IPS. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Interaktif.. Hasil dari pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS berbasis nilai karakter ini bisa dikatakan berjalan dengan baik, baik mengenai respon dari Dosen pembelajaran IPS maupun dari Mahasiswa sendiri yang mampu membangun ketrampilan bersosialisasi dengan mahasiswa lain.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN PADA KESENIAN TRADISIONAL IRING-IRING DAMAR KURUNG DALAM PERSPEKTIF HERMENEUTIKA PAUL RICOEUR (SUATU TINJAUAN BUDAYA PADA MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN ASTANAJAPURA KABUPATEN CIREBON)
Authors: Syamsiyah Nur
Published: May 2022

This study aims to explore and describe the educational value from the traditional art of Iring-iring Damar Kurung in Astanajapura sub-district, Cirebon Regency under Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic theory. This research is a qualitative method employing a phenomenological approach. The results findings and conclusions of this study revealed that the educational values in the art of the procession of Iring-iring Damar Kurung in Astanajapura are in accordance with Education Ministry Act Number 20 of 2018 regarding strengthening of Educational Character (Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter/PPK) as described in Presidential Decree Number 87 of 2017. Thus, in procession of the traditional art, Damar Kurung showed some educational values such as (1) religious values, (2) independence, (3) nationalism, (4) mutual cooperation, and (5) integrity. In addition to that, the symbols and meanings of this art are (1) nine decorative lights, symbolizing Wali Songo as a symbol of the spread of Islam in Indonesia, especially in the Java Island, (2) the umbrella is a symbol of protection, (3) Pedicab Stage is a symbol of honor, (4) genjring has a symbol of preaching the spread of Islam in Cirebon, (5) nine children carrying decorative lights are symbols of mutual cooperation, (6) night means dark or a symbol of ignorance, and (7) reading sholawat is a symbol of blessing and savior.Keywords: The educational values, traditional arts, Iring-iring Damar Kurung, Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics theory
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROYEK BASED LEARNING PADA KEWIRAUSAHAAN, MOTIVASI, NILAI BUDAYA TERHADAP MINAT USAHA BAGI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM UIN RADEN FATAH
Authors: Gustiana Iceu Sri
Published: May 2022

Salah satu penggerak perekonomian dan perusahaan adalah kaum muda. Kaum muda atau bahasa lain generasi muda memiliki peranan penting bagi perekonomian yang dapat bersinergi dengan kesejahteraan. Argume yang mendasari hal ini karena jumlah kaum muda terus meningkat dan realitas dari perkembangan teknologi memberikan keleluasaan bagi kaum muda disemua bidang tanpa terkecuali. Penanaman jiwa kewirausahaan mahasiswa dapat melalui model pembelajaran. Melaui model pembelajaran para mahasiswa diharapkan memiliki bekal entreprenueship atau jiwa entrpreneurial. Para mahasiswa yang nanti akan menjadi alumni atau lulusan diharapkan menjadi sumber daya manusia yang mampu (survive) dan memiliki daya saing dalam lingkungan global yang kompetitif dan turbulen di era ekonomi pengetahua. Bagaimana Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran, Motivasi dan Budaya terhadap Minat wirausaha mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis IslamHasil penelitian menunjukan Model Pembelajaran Berpengaruh Terhadap Minat mahasiswa FEBI UIN Raden Fatah Palembang menjadi pengusaha . Nilai Budaya berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap minat mahasiswa FEBI UIN Raden Fatah Palembang menjadi pengusaha, motivasi (PPL/ Magang) berpengaruh terhadap Minat mahasiswa FEBI UIN Raden Fatah Berkarir menjadi pengusaha
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR HISTORIS
Authors: Ofianto Ofianto , Ningsih Tri Zahra
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to describe the effect of using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on students' historical thinking skills. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were class X students with a total population of 407 students, while the sample was class X IPA 2, totaling 40 students for the control class and X IPA 7, totaling 39 students for the experimental class. The sampling technique in this study was using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used the t-test independent sample t-test to see the effect of the model. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the use of the PBL model on the historical thinking skills of students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh which was confirmed with a significance value (Sig.) Less than 0.05. The average score of historical thinking skills in the experimental class is higher than the control class. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model has a significant influence on the improvement of historical thinking skills of students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh. Keywords: Problem Based Learning (PBL), Historical Learning, Historical Thinking SkillsAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap keterampilan berpikir historis siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimental dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Subjek Penelitian adalah siswa kelas X dengan jumlah populasi yang berjumlah 407 orang siswa sedangkan sampel adalah kelas X IPA 2 yang berjumlah 40 siswa untuk kelas control dan X IPA 7 yang berjumlah 39 siswa untuk kelas eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t t-test independent sample untuk melihat pengaruh model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan model PBL terhadap keterampilan berpikir historis siswa SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh yang dikonfirmasi dengan nilai signifikansi (Sig.) lebih kecil dari 0,05. Nilai rata-rata keterampilan berpikir historis kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas control. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan keterampilan berpikir historis siswa SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh. Kata Kunci: Problem Based Learning (PBL), Pembelajaran Sejarah, Keterampilan Berpikir Historis
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AJAR DIGITAL INTERAKTIF BERBASIS BLOG DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Fh Yuliana , Barlian Ikbal , Fatimah Siti
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efektivitas penggunaan bahan ajar digital interaktif berbasis blog dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Sriwijaya pada mata kuliah Teori Ekonomi Mikro. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian eksperimen semu (Quasi Experimental Design) dengan desain penelitian one group pretest-posttest. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi FKIP Universitas Sriwijaya tahun 2020 kelas Indralaya yang mengambil mata kuliah Teori Ekonomi Mikro. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni test dan observasi untuk mengamati aktivitas pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan mahasiswa selama menggunakan bahan ajar digital interaktif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif diperoleh data bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa sebesar 22,16, dan hasil pengujian paired sample t test diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang dignifikan antara hasil belajar mahasiswa sebelum dan setelah menggunakan bahan ajar digital interaktif pada mata kuliah Teori Ekonomi Mikro. Pada uji efektivitas penggunaan bahan ajar digital diperoleh nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,54 termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahan ajar digital interaktif efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Teori Ekonomi Mikro.Kata kunci:  Bahan ajar digital, blog, hasil belajar
COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP BERBANTUAN VIDEO PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA EKONOMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENALARAN ADAPTIF MAHASISWA
Authors: Oktaviyanthi Rina , Sholahudin Usep
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan penalaran adaptif antara mahasiswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan pendekatan cognitive apprenticeship baik yang berbantuan video maupun tidak dan pembelajaran konvensional. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan the static-group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian yaitu mahasiswa semester empat di Universitas Serang Raya yang mengambil mata kuliah Matematika Ekonomi. Tiga kelas penelitian digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian yang diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Ketiga kelas tersebut yakni kelas eksperimen 1 yang mengimplementasikan pendekatan pembelajaran cognitive apprenticeship berbantuan video, kelas eksperimen 2 yang menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran cognitive apprenticeship dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terjadinya penolakan H0 yang mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan rata-rata capaian dan perbedaan N-Gain kemampuan penalaran adaptif di ketiga kelas. Perbedaan tersebut mengartikan bahwa kemampuan penalaran adaptif di kelas eksperimen cenderung meningkat.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS WEBSITE CANVA MATERI MANUSIA PENDUKUNG GUA PUTRI DAN GUA HARIMAU
Authors: Wiryani Adinda Putri
Published: May 2022

Media pembelajaran berguna untuk menunjang aktivitas belajar. Pada pembelajaran sejarah pemanfaatan media membantu menghadirkan hal-hal yang sukar dideskripsikan melalui kata. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran yang valid dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan software website Canva dengan materi pembelajaran Manusia Pendukung Gua Putri & Gua Harimau, yang akan diterapkan pada peserta didik kelas X IPS 1 di SMAN 14 Palembang sebagai subjek penelitian. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan Allesi & Trollip. Hasil analisa data dari Uji Alpha diperoleh rata-rata nilai keseluruhan sebesar 4,25 dengan kategori sangat valid. Penilaian tersebut diuraikan berikut, penilaian validator materi sebesar 3,88 kategori valid, penilaian validator media 4,25 kategori sangat valid, validator bahasa 4,54 kategori sangat valid, penilaian validator desain instruksional sebesar 4,35 kategori sangat valid. Pada beta test yang dilakukan untuk menilai kemudahan penggunaan media sebesar 4,5 kategori sangat baik. Pada hasil belajar peserta didik untuk mengukur tingkat keefektifan media pembelajaran dihasilkan peningkatan hasil belajar sebessar 45% dengan nilai Ngain sebesar 0,72 kategori tinggi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan media pembelajaran berbasis website Canva materi Manusia Gua Putri & Gua Harimau ini memiliki valid dan efektivitas.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID- 19 DI STKIP PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Syaflita Dina
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine student perceptions regarding the process of implementing online lectures during the pandemic at STKIP Pesisir Selatan as a material for consideration in the implementation of subsequent online lectures. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The research instruments used were interview sheets to lecturers and questionnaires filled out by students. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that most of the lectures at STKIP Pesisir Selatan are conducted synchronously via googlemeets and zoom. The use of whatsapp and email is more intended in providing lecture explanations and sending assignments. In general, adjustments to teaching materials have been made but it is necessary to evaluate and improve the function of lecturers who have changed due to this change in learning modes. Problems with the quality of the internet network and the availability of quotas are the main constraining factors for the implementation of online lectures at STKIP Pesisir Selatan in particular. This affects the effectiveness of learning as a result students find it difficult to understand the material in this online learning. In terms of sustainability in the next semester, most students do not agree with the implementation of online learning to be continued in the next semester.
Implementasi Kearifan Lokal Smong dalam Pembelajaran Jenjang SMP-SMA di Kabupaten Simeulue
Authors: Abdi Abdul Wahab , Desfandi Mirza , Cahyani Rika Mauliza , Gadeng Ahmad Nubli
Published: May 2022

Kearifan lokal smong merupakan tradisi lisan masyarakat Kabupaten Simeulue yang digunakan dalam mengantisipasi apabila terjadi bencana tsunami (smong). Kearifan lokal smong perlu dijaga dan disosialisasikan kepada generasi muda salah satu caranya melaluilembaga pendidikan. Pemerintah Kabupaten Simeulue mengadakan sebuah upaya kebijakan dalam mengimplementasi materi kearifan lokal smong pada jenjang SMP-SMA untuk menerapkan dan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai budaya kearifan lokal smong dalam pembelajaran. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kearifan lokal smong dalam pembelajaran jenjang SMP-SMA di Kabupaten Simeulue. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 10 sekolah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan penanggung jawab program di dinas pendidikan Kabupaten Simeulue. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan tahapan analisis data kualitatif yaitu reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kearifan lokal smong dalam pembelajaran yang diterapkan di sekolah jenjang SMP-SMA di Kabupaten Simeulue belum terlaksana dengan baik karena bersifat pengintegrasian materi juga tidak terdapat kegiatan yang tidak dilakukan dalam budaya sekolah terkait kearifan lokal smong dalam pembelajaran.
General movements assessment, part I: Prechtl’s method – the current state of knowledge based on a scoping review
Authors:   Dział Rehabilitacji Dziecięcej, Dziecięcy Szpital Kliniczny im. Polikarpa Brudzińskiego w Warszawie, Warszawa, Polska, Rakowska Anna , Tomalak Sara ,   Oddział Fizjoterapii, Wydział Medyczny, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Ostrzyżek-Przeździecka Katarzyna ,   Klinika Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Gąsior Jakub S. ,   Klinika Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska
Published: May 2022

Advances in pre- and postnatal care have resulted in increased survival rates of infants in risk groups. Consequently, a growing number of children need interdisciplinary care and early intervention in the first stages of life. Early detection of developmental abnormalities may allow for a more effective therapy. Observation of motor and behavioural skills is one of the crucial elements in the assessment of child’s development. Prechtl’s assessment of general movements is used in the first six months of a child’s life. It enables the identification and prediction of neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of the study was to present Prechtl’s method and summarise knowledge about this approach based on a literature review of PubMed medical database. The key issues related to the assessment procedure, including reliability, consistency and compliance of the method, as well as its use for predicting neurodevelopmental disorders were discussed. Additionally, combined use of the tool with neuroimaging methods for assessing neuromotor development, and knowledge of the use of novel technologies for automatization of the general movements assessment were summarised. Due to its non-invasiveness, availability, and ease of implementation, the method has a wide use in clinical practice. Prechtl’s method allows for a careful observation of the child’s motor skills and may allow both clinicians and parents for early identification of neurodevelopmental disorders.
General movements assessment, part II: the use of general movement assessment as a predictive tool of cerebral palsy – a scoping review
Authors:   Klinika Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Ostrzyżek-Przeździecka Katarzyna , Bukowski Jakub ,   Oddział Fizjoterapii, Wydział Medyczny, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Furman Teresa ,   Oddział Fizjoterapii, Wydział Medyczny, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Jagielska Natalia ,   Oddział Fizjoterapii, Wydział Medyczny, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Walecka Iwona ,   Klinika Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Szkoła Doktorska, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Ambroziewicz Marta ,   Oddział Fizjoterapii, Wydział Medyczny, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Rakowska Anna ,   Dział Rehabilitacji Dziecięcej, Dziecięcy Szpital Kliniczny im. Polikarpa Brudzińskiego w Warszawie, Warszawa, Polska, Gąsior Jakub S. ,   Klinika Kardiologii Wieku Dziecięcego i Pediatrii Ogólnej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska
Published: May 2022

The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is usually made between the 12 and 24 months of age which often delays the implementation of early therapeutic intervention. General movements assessment is one of the tools for the early diagnosis of cerebral palsy. The aim of this study was to present the current knowledge on the use of the general movements assessment in predicting cerebral palsy. The literature review was made in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. The PubMed medical database was searched, 24 publications were identified and included in the detailed analysis. The highest sensitivity was demonstrated for the general movements assessment performed during the fidgety period and in preterm infants. General movements assessment and/or Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) are recommended as a routine screening of newborns with documented risk factors for cerebral for the earliest possible diagnosis. Raising the awareness of medical personnel should be of key importance for the implementation of the recommended procedure.
Rare post-vaccination complications: onset of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after COVID-19 vaccination – case reports and literature review
Authors:   Klinika Neurologii z Pododdziałem Leczenia Udaru Mózgu, Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki nr 2 w Rzeszowie, Rzeszów, Polska, Kyc Joanna , Bartosik-Psujek Halina ,   Klinika Neurologii z Pododdziałem Leczenia Udaru Mózgu, Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki nr 2 w Rzeszowie, Rzeszów, Polska,   Kolegium Nauk Medycznych Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów, Polska
Published: May 2022

Conclusive data to suggest a causal link between vaccination against COVID-19 (2019 coronavirus disease) and the onset of multiple sclerosis are currently missing. As of December 31, 2021, only 13 cases of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis coinciding with vaccination against COVID-19 have been reported. Clinical signs were observed from day 1 to 5 weeks after vaccination, with magnetic resonance imaging scans showing lesions typical of multiple sclerosis in all cases. Intravenous steroid treatment allowed for improvement in most patients. The paper presents two new case reports of patients who developed neurological symptoms shortly after vaccination against COVID-19, with additional tests and further follow-up allowing for the diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Similar cases described in the medical literature are also presented.
Suspicion of recurrent osteosarcoma in a patient with pseudotumour adjacent to the
endoprosthesis
Authors:   Department of Diagnostic Imaging,
            Institute of Mother and Child, Poland, Duczkowski Marek , Duczkowska Agnieszka ,   Department of Diagnostic
            Imaging, Institute of Mother and Child, Poland, Michalak Elżbieta ,   Department of
            Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child, Poland 3 Department of Oncology and
            Surgical Oncology for Children and Youth, Institute of Mother and Child,
            Poland, Tomasik-Kowalska Agnieszka ,   Department of Diagnostic
            Imaging, Institute of Mother and Child, Poland, Szkudlińska-Pawlak Sylwia ,   Department of Diagnostic
            Imaging, Institute of Mother and Child, Poland, Pachuta Bartosz ,   Department of Oncology and
            Surgical Oncology for Children and Youth, Institute of Mother and Child,
            Poland, Raciborska Anna ,   Department of Oncology and
            Surgical Oncology for Children and Youth, Institute of Mother and Child,
            Poland, Bekiesińska-Figatowska Monika ,   Department of Diagnostic
            Imaging, Institute of Mother and Child, Poland
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Pseudotumor is a rare complication after arthroplasty, most often of the
hip joint, in response to metal particles present in the implant. There are merely
sporadic reports of pseudotumor in patients with bone sarcoma after sparing surgery with
endoprosthesis implant. The aim of this study is to present the characteristic imaging
features of pseudotumor. Case report: We present a case of a 21-year-old male patient in
whom a scheduled follow-up ultrasound revealed a painless lesion suspected of local
recurrence at the border of the endoprosthesis and the bone stump 3.5 years after the
end of treatment for osteosarcoma of the femur. Histopathology of the biopsy specimen
revealed that the lesion was a pseudotumor. Conclusions: Although pseudotumor is
sporadic in patients treated with endoprosthesis for bone sarcoma, their prolonged
survival could bear the risk of such a complication. Imaging studies, in particular
ultrasound, may be helpful in differentiating from local recurrence of sarcoma, however,
the histopathology of the specimen obtained by open biopsy at a reference center is
crucial for the final diagnosis.
Prefabricated orality in theatre translations: An overview based on an English–Spanish parallel corpus
Authors: Andaluz-Pinedo Olaia
Published: May 2022

Prefabricated orality is an inherent trait of dramatic texts, given their written-to-be-spoken nature. From the perspective of translation, it has been observed in the literature that rendering this specific mode of discourse into another language poses a major challenge (Baños & Chaume, 2009). However, scant attention has thus far been paid to how prefabricated orality is realised linguistically in translations of theatre plays. This article sets out to offer an overview of syntactic and lexical-semantic features that mirror spoken discourse in a parallel corpus of theatre texts. More specifically, by drawing on an analytical framework proposed for audiovisual texts (Baños, 2014: 414), it aims (1) to verify the presence and incidence of orality markers in the original plays and their translations, and (2) to identify tendencies in translation techniques. Our findings reveal that playwrights and translators resort to a wide range of linguistic features typical of spoken discourse, especially vocatives, repetitions, discourse markers, intensifiers and deixis. In addition, results bring to light the use of different translation options and a possible compensation strategy.
The interaction effect between source text complexity and machine translation quality on the task difficulty of NMT post-editing from English to Chinese: A multi-method study
Authors: Jia Yanfang , Zheng Binghan
Published: May 2022

This study explores the interaction effect between source text (ST) complexity and machine translation (MT) quality on the task difficulty of neural machine translation (NMT) post-editing from English to Chinese. When investigating human effort exerted in post-editing, existing studies have seldom taken both ST complexity and MT quality levels into account, and have mainly focused on MT systems used before the emergence of NMT. Drawing on process and product data of post-editing from 60 trainee translators, this study adopted a multi-method approach to measure post-editing task difficulty, including eye-tracking, keystroke logging, quality evaluation, subjective rating, and retrospective written protocols. The results show that: 1) ST complexity and MT quality present a significant interaction effect on task difficulty of NMT post-editing; 2) ST complexity level has a positive impact on post-editing low-quality NMT (i.e., post-editing task becomes less difficult when ST complexity decreases); while for post-editing high-quality NMT, it has a positive impact only on the subjective ratings received from participants; and 3) NMT quality has a negative impact on its post-editing task difficulty (i.e., the post-editing task becomes less difficult when MT quality goes higher), and this impact becomes stronger when ST complexity increases. This paper concludes that both ST complexity and MT quality should be considered when testing post-editing difficulty, designing tasks for post-editor training, and setting fair post-editing pricing schemes.
Children and teenagers acting as language brokers: The perception of teachers at secondary schools
Authors: Jutorán Mariana Orozco , Vargas-Urpí Mireia
Published: May 2022

Translation and Interpreting Studies (TIS) usually investigates translation and interpreting by adults who perform either as professionals or amateurs. However, under the current migration reality, there are many children and teenagers who act as translators and interpreters for their parents and (extended) families or communities, without any training or acknowledgement. To distinguish them from professional, adult translators and interpreters they are called Child Language Brokers. This article seeks to shed some light on their reality, which has received little, if any, attention from scholars in the translation, interpreting and interculturality fields. After a general overview of the existing literature, the design and results of a study conducted in Barcelona (Spain) in 2019 and 2020 are reported. The aim of the study is to describe the existing reality with a view to contributing to mapping the actual situation of child language brokering around the world.
EL DERECHO HUMANO AL TRABAJO DIGNO Y A LA PROMOCIÓN DE AMBIENTES LABORALES PRO PERSONA
Authors: Vázquez-Colunga Julio César , Vázquez-Juárez Claudia Liliana
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo presentado a manera de ensayo reflexivo, expone una postura que defiende el Derecho Humano al Trabajo Digno o Decente, el cual es definido desde la Organización Internacional del Trabajo como “aquel que sintetiza las aspiraciones de las personas durante su vida laboral. Significa la oportunidad de acceder a un empleo productivo que genere un ingreso justo, la seguridad en el lugar de trabajo y la protección social para las familias, mejores perspectivas de desarrollo personal e integración social, libertad para que los individuos expresen sus opiniones, se organicen y participen en las decisiones que afectan sus vidas, y la igualdad de oportunidades y trato para todos, mujeres y hombres.” Así también, se aborda la postura denominada Pro Persona, tendiente a una culltura de paz en ambientes laborales sanos desde donde puede accederse a la salud mental y al bienestar integral.
Representation of Non-Western Cultural Knowledge on Wikipedia: The Case of the Visual Arts
Authors: Ahmed Waqās , Poulter Martin Lewis
Published: May 2022

We explore gaps in Wikipedia's coverage of the visual arts by comparing the representation of 100 artists and 100 artworks from the Western canon against corresponding sets of notable artists and artworks from non-Western cultures. We measure the coverage of these two sets of topics across Wikipedia as a whole and for its individual language versions. We also compare the coverage for Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata, sister projects of Wikipedia that host digital media and structured data. We show that all these platforms strongly favour the Western canon, giving many times more coverage to Western art. We highlight specific examples of differing coverage of visual art inside and outside the Western canon. We find that European language versions of Wikipedia are generally more "Western" in their coverage and Asian languages more "global," with interesting exceptions, including that English is one of the most “global.” We suggest how both Wikipedia and the wider cultural sector can address this gap in content and thus give Wikipedia a truly global perspective on the visual arts.Nous explorons des lacunes dans la couverture de Wikipédia des arts visuels, en comparant la représentation de 100 artistes et de 100 œuvres d’art venant du canon occidental avec des artistes et des œuvres d’art notables venant de cultures non-occidentales. Nous mesurons la couverture de ces deux sujets à travers Wikipédia, dans son ensemble et pour chaque version individuelle dans une langue différente. Nous comparons également la couverture concernant Wikimedia Commons et Wikidata, des projets sœurs de Wikipédia qui hébergent des médias numériques et des données structurées. Nous montrons que toutes ces plateformes favorisent le canon occidental, offrant à l’art occidental beaucoup plus de couverture. Nous soulignons des exemples spécifiques de la couverture différente de l’art visuel dans et hors du canon occidental. Nous trouvons que les versions dans des langues européennes sur Wikipédia sont généralement plus « occidentales » dans leur couverture, tandis que celles dans des langues asiatiques sont plus « globales », sauf que des exceptions intéressantes, y compris celle d’anglais, qui est une des versions la plus « globale ». Nous suggérons la façon dont Wikipédia et le secteur culturel élargi peuvent aborder cette lacune de contenu pour donner à Wikipédia une perspective véritablement globale concernant les arts visuels.
Book Review: John Baxter, Charles Boyer: The French Lover (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2021)
Authors: Bell Stuart
Published: May 2022

John Baxter, Charles Boyer: The French Lover (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky,2021), pp. vii-254, ISBN978-0813155524 (hb), $33
Jatkuvapeitteisen metsänkäsittelyn vaikutukset luonnon monimuotoisuuteen, vesistöihin, ilmastoon, virkistyskäyttöön ja metsätuhoriskeihin
Authors: Peura Maiju , Bäck Jaana , Jokimäki Jukka , Kallio Kirsi Pauliina , Ketola Tarmo , Lakka Hanna-Kaisa , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Nieminen Tiina M. , Nieminen Mika , Oksanen Elina , Pappila Minna , Repo Anna , Kotiaho Janne S.
Published: May 2022

Sekä jatkuvapeitteistä että jaksollista metsänkäsittelyä tehdään eri voimakkuuksilla ja erilaisin hakkuutavoin. Ei ole olemassa yksiselitteistä sääntöä, jolla voitaisiin todeta, kuuluuko jokin tietty hakkuutapa jatkuva-peitteiseen vai jaksolliseen käsittelyyn (avohakkuita lukuun ottamatta). Esimerkiksi yläharvennuksia tehdään molemmissa käsittelytavoissa. Kaikkien metsänkäsittelytapojen aiheuttama häiriö on tyypillisesti sitä voimakkaampi, mitä voimakkaampi hakkuu tehdään. Avohakkuut aiheuttavat suurimman haitallisen vaikutuksen sekä luontoon että moniin metsien tarjoamiin ekosysteemipalveluihin. Yhteiskunnan kokonais-edun kannalta jatkuvapeitteisen käsittelyn osuuden lisääminen puuntuotannossa olevissa metsissä on nyky-tutkimuksen valossa kannattavaa. Jatkuvapeitteistä metsänkäsittelyä kannattaa tutkimustiedon perusteella kohdentaa etenkin puuntuotannossa oleviin metsiin, jotka sijaitsevat turvemaalla, ovat virkistyskäytössä, rajautuvat vesistöihin tai rajautuvat suojelualueisiin. Selvää on, että luontokadon pysäyttämiseksi ja ei-puuntuotannollisten ekosysteemipalvelujen turvaamiseksi tarvitaan metsänkäsittelymenetelmien monipuolis-tamisen rinnalla merkittävästi lisäsuojelua.
Las redes sociales y su uso en la educación superior: una visión desde el estudiantado universitario
Authors: Limas-Suárez Sonia Janneth , Vargas-Soracá Gloria
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Esta investigación se centró en analizar el uso que hacen los estudiantes de las redes sociales a partir del proceso de formación académica en la educación superior. Método: Para este estudio se utilizó el método descriptivo, empírico y cuantitativo; como fuente primaria se tomó la información de 308 encuestas a estudiantes de los programas Administración Comercial y Financiera, Administración de Servicios de Salud y Tecnología en Regencia de Farmacia de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia en la sede central y CREAD donde operan los programas para indagar en los estudiantes del uso de las redes sociales en el proceso académico. Esta actividad se complementó con fuentes secundarias mediante la revisión documental a fin de comparar la literatura actual con los hallazgos del estudio. Resultados: Se encontró que las redes sociales se han convertido en un aliado innovador y estratégico en los procesos de formación, debido al atractivo y fascinación de los estudiantes respecto a su uso, lo cual muestra la fuerza que están tomando en los procesos académicos. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los hallazgos señalan que las redes sociales se deben incorporar al proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje bajo un modelo de utilización institucional que conduzca a ver en las mismas un valor agregado en los procesos de formación.
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury through CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in rats
Authors: Shi Xiaocui , Li Juncong , Han Yuzhen , Wang Jingyi , Li Qingping , Zheng Yue , Li Wenxiong
Published: May 2022

The ameliorative effects of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists have been demonstrated in acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by multiple stimulations. However, the ameliorative effect of α7nAChR on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model is unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that α7nAChR is highly expressed on the surface of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, the role of Tregs in SAKI is unclear. We hypothesized that Tregs might play a role in the ameliorative effect of α7nAChR on SAKI. Hence, in this study, we determined the effects of PNU-282987 (a selective α7nAchR agonist) on SAKI and evaluated whether PNU-282987 would attenuate SAKI via regulating Tregs. Our study showed that immediate administration of PNU-282987 after CLP surgery in rats improved renal function, reduced levels of systemic inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc.), inflammatory cell infiltration and tubular apoptosis in renal tissues, and increased forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) expression indicating activated Tregs. Moreover, in in vitro experiments, isolated Tregs co-cultured with PNU-282987 also displayed enhanced expression of CTLA-4 and Foxp3. Furthermore, Tregs were co-cultured with PNU-282987 for 24 hours and then reinfused into rats through the tail vein immediately after CLP surgery, and a significant renal protective effect was observed 24 hours postoperatively. These results demonstrate that PNU-282987 exerts its renal protective effects on SAKI through activation of Tregs.
Mouse model of post-colitis (DNBS) chronic visceral hypersensitivity. v1
Authors: Harrington Andrea
Published: May 2022

This protocol is used to administer DNBS (Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) to the colorectum of mice via intracolonic enema administration to induce mild colonic inflammation.
Correlative Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy (CLEM) v1
Authors: Choi Minee-Liane
Published: May 2022

This protocol presents the instructions to perform Correlative Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy (CLEM).
Measuring dissolved black carbon in water via aqueous, inorganic, high performance liquid chromatography of benzenepolycarboxylic acid (BPCA) molecular markers v2
Authors: Barton Riley , Wagner Sasha
Published: May 2022

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is the condensed aromatic portion of dissolved organic matter produced from the incomplete combustion of biomass and other thermogenic processes. DBC quantification facilitates the examination of the production, accumulation, cycling, transformation, and effects of biologically recalcitrant condensed aromatic carbon in aquatic environments. Due to the heterogeneous nature of DBC molecules, concentrations are difficult to measure directly. Here, the method for DBC quantification consists of oxidizing condensed aromatic carbon to benzenepolycarboxylic acids (BPCAs), which are used as proxies for the assessment of DBC in the original sample. The concentrations of oxidation products (BPCAs) are quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. DBC concentrations are determined from the concentration of BPCAs using a previously established conversion factor. Details and full descriptions of the preparative and analytical procedures and techniques of the BPCA method are usually omitted for brevity in published method sections and method-specific papers. With this step-by-step protocol, we aim to clarify the steps of DBC analysis, especially for those adopting or conducting the BPCA method for the first time.
Single-molecule confocal microscopy v1
Authors: Choi Minee-Liane
Published: May 2022

This protocol contains instructions on using a single-molecule confocal microscope with fast flow microfluidics for the detection of fluorescently-labelled alpha synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates. It also describes the cell lysate sample preparation, data analysis, and assessment of systematic error for this technique.
Liposomes preparation v1
Authors: Choi Minee-Liane
Published: May 2022

This protocol contains instructions to prepare liposomes to perform experiments with Cardiolipin, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) (Avanti polar lipids) and biotinylated cardiolipin (Echelon Biosciences).
Cholera Toxin Subunit B (CTB) Retrograde tracing from the mouse colon and bladder wall. v1
Authors: Harrington Andrea
Published: May 2022

This protocol is used to label the neurons and their central terminals of the sensory neurons innervating the colon and bladder in an experimental adult male or female mouse. The protocol is performed under anesthesia and should incorporate all local requirements for standards of animal experimentation, including methods of anesthesia, surgical environment, and post-operative monitoring and care.