bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health-Seeking Behavior and its Determinants for Different Noncommunicable Diseases in Elderly
Authors: Prabhakar Tushar , Goel Manish Kumar , Acharya Anita Shankar
Published: February 2023

Steady improvement in quality of life has led to increased survival time of elderly, especially of those with noncommunicable diseases. A study about their health-seeking behavior (HSB) and its determinants is essential for provision of comprehensive care and facilitate policy development. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 elderly participants over 60 years of age in an urbanized village of Delhi. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and detailed general and systemic examination was done. Tests of significance were applied to assess the HSB with various demographic, clinico-social, and economic variables. A total of 87.4% of the study population was suffering from at least one noncommunicable disease (NCD). Majority of the study subjects’ NCDs (72.66%) were diagnosed while getting treatment for a symptom of the disease. Also, 52.94% of the participants had inappropriate HSB. HSB was significantly associated with gender, age, duration of illness, and importantly with modifiable variables like the level of literacy, distance of preferred health facility, and presence of multimorbidity. HSB was found to be inappropriate in over half of the participants. Policymaking should focus on modifiable variables like education, distance of health facility, and multimorbidity, especially for commonly ignored diseases like osteoarthritis and diabetes.
Compliance of Sections 4–7 of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 in India—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Deshmukh Kunal , Shetiya Sahana Hegde , Gupta Rakesh
Published: February 2023

In view of the vast variability of the compliance of Sections 4-7 of COTPA in India, a need for a collective evaluation appeared appropriate and timely. The aim of this review was to specifically analyze the country wide compliance of Section 4,5,6a and 6b,7 of COTPA along with the displays of signage on No Smoking (NoSmok) and Tobacco Free Institution (TFI). Studies published between 2003-December 2020 reporting compliance/non compliance (C/NC) were reviewed. Eligible study designs were observational studies and brief reports. To obtain the effect measure, Med Calc version 20 was used. 60 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The compliance for the Sections 4,5, 6b and 7 was 71.97% (95%CI:61.87-81.05, I2 =99.70%), 58.95% (95%CI:44.90-72.28, I2=99.53%), 51.08% (95% CI:39.30-62.81, I2=99.46%), 57.60% (95%CI:37.58-76.40, I2=99.48%) respectively whereas for the NoSmok and TFI board display it was 42.30% (95%CI:32.53-52.39, I2=99.75%) and 26.81% (95%CI:9.94-48.25, I2=99.51) respectively. Compliance of the Section 6a, sale of tobacco products to and by the minors was 66.39% (CI:49.50-81.36, I2=99.69%) and 94.11% (95%CI:78.54-99.99, I2=99.76%) respectively. This study observed a significant variability in compliance of Sections 4-7 of COTPA. It points to a critical need for a robust, self – sustained and effective enforcement mechanism countrywide to eliminate potential for any NC. Amendments to the COTPA appear critical for a policy reform and an optimal implementation.
The Psychological Morbidity among Health Care Workers During the Early Phase of Covid-19 Pandemic in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharma Suresh K. , Joseph Jaison , Dhandapani Manju , Varghese Abin , Radha K , Das Karobi , Jangra Nisha , Rozha Promila , Varkey Biji P. , Rachel Regina
Published: February 2023

Across India, there have been multiple studies conducted to address the issues of the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study estimated the pooled prevalence of psychological morbidity among healthcare workers during the early phase of the COVID 19 pandemic in India. We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, and Google scholar for studies conducted from the onset of the COVID 19 pandemic until 25 September 2021. The methodological quality of each study was scored and outcome measures with uniform cut off scores as per various screening measurements were evaluated. According to the current meta analysis, the pooled estimates of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among Indian healthcare workers during the COVID 19 pandemic are 20.1% (95% CI: 15.6 to 24.6%; n = 21 studies), 25.0% (95% CI: 18.4 to 31.6%; n = 20 studies), 36% (95% CI: 23.7 to 48.2%; n = 22 studies) and 18.9% (95% CI: 9.9 to 28.0%; n = 6 studies) respectively. In subgroup analyses, low quality studies based on the JBI checklist (Score < 3/9) and studies using DASS 21 showed a higher pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety. About 20–36% of the healthcare workers in India reported having depression, anxiety, and stress during the early phase of the COVID 19 pandemic. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the overall burden of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID 19 pandemic in India necessitating appropriate intervention strategies to protect these frontline groups before the memory of the pandemic crisis starts to fade.
Addressing Challenges During Community based Screening of Women for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Research Experience from Maharashtra, India before and During COVID Pandemic
Authors: Hasan Gazala , Shaikh Sharmeen , Joshi Beena , Ganie Mohd A. , Shukla Amlin , Vadhan Himali , Parab Rita , Sanap Pravin , Mashal Iranna
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

A multicentric community-based screening to determine prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome was undertaken in India. This article aims to describe the challenges faced at one site and strategies adopted to mitigate them.

Material and Methods:

Eligible women were enrolled at household-level and investigated for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome diagnosis as per Rotterdam criteria. Challenges faced were documented and alternate strategies were adopted.

Results:

Challenges ranged from identifying women as per the polling booth list, enrolling them, and getting them investigated. COVID-19 pandemic added to the challenges. Involving health system workforce, gaining community support, flexible timings, and alternate strategies for investigation including COVID-19 appropriate safety measures helped mitigate some of the challenges.

Conclusion:

Unforeseen challenges may crop up in community-based studies, like the ones faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Planning, strategizing, using technology to keep communications on, and finding out of the box and amicable solutions for bottlenecks may help mitigate challenges.
Viewpoints from the National Consultation on Addressing Acute Malnutrition on Mainstreaming Community-Based Program for Management of Acute Malnutrition in India
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Sinha Rajesh K. , Arora Srishti , Sarwal Rakesh , Sultana Farida , Daniel Abner , Sriswan Raja , Kokane Arun M. , Kiran Asha K. , Goel Anil K. , Suman R. L. , Jaiswal Anil K. , Prabhu Sanjay , Seth Anju , Laxmaiya Avula , Rawat Ashok K. , Modi Bivash , Thakur Rinky , Wagt Arjan de
Published: February 2023

High burden of acute malnutrition among children less than 5 years is a major public health problem in India. A ”Two-days National Consultation on Addressing Acute Malnutrition” was organized to gather experiences and evidence from 13 states of India on prevention and management of acute malnutrition among children and documenting viewpoints from experts and government counterparts on the same. The consultation centered around five key themes of addressing acute malnutrition; 1) capacity building, 2) strengthening screening, 3) nutritional care of wasting, 4) tracking progress, and 5) scale-up. The paper highlights the experiences and key recommendations around the above key themes. It emerged that there is a need to further accelerate the efforts toward strengthening existing platforms and services to address acute malnutrition among children. Regular trainings of the frontline workers, increased convergence, regular monitoring, and continued service delivery during the pandemic should be undertaken for better outcomes.
Effect of Two-Only-Meal Frequency and Exercise on HbA1C Outcomes, Weight, and Anti-Diabetic Medication in Type 2 Diabetes in a Popular Lifestyle Change Campaign in Maharashtra, Compared to Conventional Clinical Management: A Quasi-Experimental Multicenter Study in Maharashtra
Authors: Ashtekar Shyam , Deshmukh Pradeep Pradeep , Ghaisas Nitin , Ashtekar Chandrashekhar , Upasani Sameeran , Kirloskar Madhuri , Kumthekar Ajit , Kelkar Mrunalini Bharat , Ashtekar Ratna , Misar Parag , Ratnaparakhe Vikas , Dhamangaonkar Manjiri , Kiwalkar Ravindra , Gandhi Sanjay , Powar Jagdish
Published: February 2023

Background:

Rising prevalence and poor outcomes make the twin challenges of diabetes epidemiology. This study evaluates effect of 2-only-daily-meals with exercise (2-OMEX) for its effect on HbA1c, oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) usage, body-weight among type-2-diabetes (T2DM) subjects, compared with conventional management.

Material and Methods:

A quasi-experimental, multicentre study in 2-OMEX arm, and HbA1c by HPLC method. HbA1c and body-weight changes were analyzed by ‘Difference in Difference’ (DID) method. Meal frequency, exercise, energy intakes were based on recall. The required sample size was 20X2 for 1.1 difference in HbA1c with 95% CL and 80% power

Results:

Socio-demographic and risk profile of analysed and omitted subjects were similar. Studied arms were also similar in baseline features. The results in 2-OMEX and conventional arm are: complete records analyzed 201 and 120. Mean (sd) values as follows: observation days 234 and 236, age 52.03(8.84) and 52.45(9.48) years (P=0.6977), diabetes duration 4.6(3.05) and 4.9(2.97) years, BMI 27.28(5.27), 26.90(3.74) (P = 0.1859), baseline HbA1c gm% 7.46(1.52) and 7.55(1.58), end-line proportion of subjects attaining HbA1c ≤6.5gm% was 35.3% and 19.2% (P=0.002), bodyweight loss 2.57% and 1.26%. OHA count 1.6 (1.23) and 2.7(1.06), (P=0.0003). In 2-OMEX arm log-normal HbA1c declined significantly by 0.94 (95%CI: 1.60 to – 0.56, p=0.0333), weight loss difference 0.96 kg, and statistically not significant (P=0.595). Two subjects in 2-OMEX arm showed partial remission. Mean baseline Kcal intakes in 2-OMEX arm, were 1200.4(F) and 1437.3(M) were significantly higher than conventional arm (F) and 1430 (M)

Conclusion:

The 2-OMEX showed a sizeable and significant reduction in HbA1c and OHA use, in 7-months, with moderate intakes, compared to the conventional arm, possibly attributable to fewer insulin surges. More studies are required for its impact and pathways.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Hypertension among 20–40 Years Old Residing in an Urban Area of Bagalkot City, North Karnataka
Authors: Sidenur Bhagyalaxmi , Shankar Gowri
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality which accounts for 20–50% of all deaths. Although most studies describe hypertension in older adults and the elderly, there is a paucity of data on young adults as they are deemed to be at a lower risk of developing the disease.

Objectives:

To study the prevalence of hypertension and study the risk factors and strength of association between factors and hypertension among 20–40 years old.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 20–40 years old residing in the urban field practice area to find the prevalence of hypertension and its association with socio-demographic factors. After obtaining informed consent, data were collected with the help of an interview method by systematic random sampling using predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaires. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded using a sphygmomanometer, and the average reading was considered. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, Open Epi software, and SPSS software.

Results:

Out of 420 subjects, the prevalence of hypertension was found to be 17.9% and pre-hypertension was 52%. Factors significantly associated with hypertension were age, marital status, type of family, family history of hypertension, tobacco chewing, stress, and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusion:

The present study reveals a high prevalence of hypertension (17.9%) in the 20–40 years old age group, which can lead to increased cardiovascular disease burden in the population.
Comparison of Manual Toothbrushes with Different Bristle Designs in Terms of Cleaning Efficacy and Plaque Control: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rahman Habeeb
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The aim of the study was to compare the cleaning efficacy and plaque control of the straight and angled bristle design manual toothbrushes.

Materials and Methods:

It was a pilot randomized trial comprising 30 dental students divided into 2 groups (group I flat bristle design toothbrush and group II zig-zag bristle design toothbrush) with 15 in each group. Prebrushing and postbrushing plaque scores were recorded at the baseline and at the end of 4 weeks using Turesky modification of Quigley and Hein plaque index.

Results:

Plaque and gingival scores were reduced significantly at 1 month in group II with P < 0.05 than compared to group I where P > 0.05. Mean GI and plaque scores of the criss-cross design were reduced significantly after 1 month (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons revealed that plaque and gingival scores significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at 1-month interval.

Conclusion:

Bristle design has significant impact on plaque removal capacity of a toothbrush. Toothbrush with zig-zag bristle design is efficient in removing plaque than the flat design of a toothbrush.
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes and Associated Antenatal Risk Factors – A Matched Case-Control Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, South India
Authors: Pallepogula Dinesh R. , Adhisivam B , Dorairajan Gowri , Ballambattu Vishnu B. , Saya Ganesh K.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The incidence of neonatal mortality has declined over the past few decades, but it remains a major concern. Identifying risk factors associated with adverse outcomes may help prevent and manage neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to explore the associated antenatal risk factors among pregnant women delivering in a tertiary care hospital in South India with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Material and Methods:

This was a hospital-based, matched case-control study among pregnant women belonging to Puducherry and admitted for delivery. Cases were pregnant women who gave birth to adverse neonatal outcomes, while controls were pregnant women who gave birth to alive and healthy babies. Data was collected from various sources, primarily from medical records, and triangulated.

Results:

Adverse neonatal outcomes were ten times more if pregnant women had placental complications and seven times more for intrauterine growth restriction noted during pregnancy. Pregnant women referred from peripheral care centers had 1.6 times more risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Prior hospital admission during the present pregnancy had a protective effect in the final adjusted analysis.

Conclusion:

Risk factors should be routinely monitored in all health centers. Women with high-risk pregnancies should be identified earlier, and appropriate care should be provided.
Dietary Changes among the Indian Population during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Motiwala Zainab Y. , Khan Isna R. , Ahmad Sameena , Abedi Ali J.
Published: February 2023

Background:

After the COVID-19 outbreak, significant changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns were observed. There are many studies indicating lifestyle changes but very few pointing out the intricate changes in consumption of different food groups, so our aim is to analyze the same.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 participants between the age group of 18 and 60 years. A self-developed questionnaire with questions regarding the change in consumption of different food groups during the pandemic was circulated online among the urban population.

Results:

It was observed that 46% participants turned down their consumption of fish and seafood and 48.2% participants lowered frozen protein consumption. 44.9% respondents increased their milk consumption and 41.8% reduced their intake of ice-creams. It was observed that 42.4% participants turned up their consumption of bread and buns and 47.3% of respondents increased their rice intake. It was further recorded that 39.6% and 40.9% participants raised their intake of sweets and chocolates and biscuits and cookies, respectively. 50% and 61.3% respondents ate more green leafy vegetables and fruits during the pandemic. There was a 53.3%, 46.9%, and 38.7% reduction in the consumption of hamburgers, pizza, and fried foods, respectively.

Conclusion:

Majority of the participants have increased consumption of healthy foods like milk, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, while reduced the consumption of junk foods, carbonated drinks, and ice-cream. There has been a positive shift in the dietary pattern of the Indian population toward foods that help develop immunity despite its limited availability during the pandemic.
Obstetric Teleconsultation by Using Mobile Phone Technology in COVID Pandemic
Authors: Sharma Bharti , Rohilla Minakshi , Suri Vanita , Jain Vanita , Prasad GRV , Kalra Jasvinder , Pandey Navin
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Obstetrics teleconsultation is a new concept to enable health-care services in the COVID pandemic by limiting in-person visits. This study describes the methodology of mobile-based teleconsultation, preliminary findings, and the experience of the obstetricians.

Material and Methods:

The data of pregnant women who got registered for teleconsultation in early phase of COVID pandemic lockdown were reviewed and analyzed. A qualitative analysis was performed to assess the experience of obstetricians (consultants, senior residents, and junior residents) via an online electronic survey.

Results:

The majority of obstetrics teleconsultations were for routine antenatal care (75%) and fetal medicine consultation (12.3%). Out of 187 women, 29.9% were advised to continue antenatal care at local hospitals, whereas 33.6% were asked to follow up via teleconsultation. Most of the obstetricians (73.68%) felt that they were able to satisfy the pregnant women and rated the teleconsultation satisfactory.

Conclusion:

Obstetrics telemedicine found to be beneficial for providing routine antenatal care services via reducing physical visits and overcrowding in outpatient departments, promoting antenatal care at local hospitals, and making specialized (maternal–fetal medicine) care accessible even during COVID-19 pandemic.
Perception of Beneficiaries Regarding Quality of Care and Respectful Maternity Care being Provided in Delivery Room using LaQshya Guidelines
Authors: Dogne Chandra Gopal , Dudi Jitendra , Dogne Nalini , Afrin Sana , Singh Abhay , Raghunath Deepa , Sakalle Salil , Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Quality of care in labor room and maternity operation theatre is crucial so that every pregnant woman receives the most appropriate care with dignity and respect, which is her fundamental right. The present study was attempted to assess the satisfaction of beneficiaries of both rural and urban areas visiting the public health facilities with regard to the quality of care and Respectful Maternal Care (RMC).

Methodology:

The present study was carried out in the Department of Community Medicine, MGM Medical College Indore to assess the satisfaction of beneficiaries of both rural and urban areas visiting the public health facilities with regard to the quality of care and Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) for 1 year from June 2020 to June 2021. A scoring system was used and based on the perception of the beneficiaries on different parameters on the scale of 1–5 where 1 – poor, 2 – satisfactory, 3 – good, 4 – very good, and 5 was considered excellent.

Results:

The majority of beneficiaries were in the age group of 21–30 years. Statistically significant difference between rural and urban areas in parameters of beneficiaries with regards to various aspects of post-natal care, in parameter of explanation of treatment procedure, maintenance of privacy efforts put to not allow to feel lonely and treatment with dignity and respect between rural and urban areas.

Conclusion:

When all the parameters and subparameters of the perception of beneficiaries of quality of care and respectful maternity care (RMC) were analyzed in both rural and urban areas, statistically significant difference was observed.
Diabetes Remission
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Margekar Shubha Laxmi , Kumar Ravi
Published: February 2023

The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. DM is recognized as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular mortality. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to various long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications. Optimum control of glycemia is desirable to prevent these complications to improve quality of life and decrease mortality. The concept of remission or reversal of diabetes is evolving for many decades and various definitions and approaches to achieve remission also have evolved. Obesity-related surgeries had shown remarkable control of blood glucose levels. Recently, therapy directed toward weight loss either by medical nutrition therapy, physical activity, or anti-diabetic medications seems promising in achieving remission of diabetes.
Delayed Vascular Complication after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Mohan Vijaya , Gopal V. Shyam
Published: February 2023

Vascular injuries following an arthroplasty are a nightmare for both patient and surgeon. When the presentation is delayed and atypical, it is of major concern. We present a case of late presentation of pseudoaneurysm of common femoral artery left hip following total hip replacement. A 54-year-old male presented with complaints of weakness and numbness left knee, following total hip arthroplasty, which was performed 4 months earlier at an outside institution for secondary osteoarthritis of the left hip. on evaluation was found to have pseudoaneurysm of Femoral artery. Due to the co morbid condition of the patient (CKD, DM, Obsity) elevated creatinine values non surgical method of embolization of the pseudoaneurysm via one coil and Gelfoam was deferred and was decided to manage the psuedoaneurysm surgically with repair and PTFE graft. High suspicion in the setting of unresolving postoperative pain, paralysis, or need for blood transfusions may allow for earlier diagnosis and avoidance of serious limb-threatening complications. Care during the procedure for accurate retractor placement and careful manipulation may help avoid serious complications.
Locking Compression Plate in the Management of Fracture Both Bones' Forearms
Authors: Salim Shameez Muhammed , Sujai S. , Junied Mohammed , Harikumar Ganesh
Published: February 2023

Background:

The fractures of both bones' forearms are the most common fractures seen. It can be managed by various methods. Open reduction and internal fixation is the procedure of choice for displaced forearm fractures involving the radius and ulna in adults using a locking compression plate (LCP). The study is undertaken to verify the claims made by the authors of the plate (LCP) and to learn the techniques, functional outcomes, and complications of this method of internal fixation.

Objectives:

To study the functional outcome of treating diaphyseal fractures in both bones' forearm with LCPs. To study the duration of union with LCP. To study the complications of LCPs.

Materials and Methods:

It is a prospective study which was carried out from August 2015 to January 2017 at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru. In this study period, 30 cases of fractures in both bones of the forearm were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using LCP.

Results:

In our study, the majority of the patients were male, middle aged, with road traffic accidents being the most common mode of injury, involving the middle third. Transverse or short oblique fractures were the most common. The fractures united in all 30 patients. Excellent or full range of mobility of elbow and wrist joints was present in 25 patients (83%), with 5 (17%) patients having good range of movements.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

The LCP of forearm fractures produces excellent results, the advantage being early mobilization, and early union but the complication, duration of surgery, and surgical techniques remain unchanged.
Osteosynthesis of Acute Femoral Neck Fracture in a Young Adult with Ipsilateral Transfemoral Amputation
Authors: Ezhuhachan Suresh , Renjith K. R. , Sanju S.
Published: February 2023

Management of fracture neck of the femur in young adults with above-knee amputation is a challenging scenario for even the most experienced orthopedic surgeon owing to the short lever arm possessed by the residual limb to perform a closed reduction. We report a unique case of fracture neck of the right femur successfully managed by closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in a 43-year-old male who had undergone an ipsilateral transfemoral amputation 15 years back.
Return to Sports and Physical Activity After a Surgical Repair of Musculotendinous Junction Tear of Supraspinatus
Authors: Yadoji Hari Krishna , Bodanki Chandrasekhar , Reddy MV , Gurava Reddy A. V.
Published: February 2023

Rotator cuff tears commonly occur at their attachment on greater tuberosity. Musculotendinous junction (MTJ) tears in itself are relatively uncommon and a partial musculotendinous junction tear is even more uncommon. These tears are difficult to treat. All MTJ tears may not require surgery. There are reports stating the role of conservative management. However, a high-demanding individual may not be beneficial with conservative management. A case of a 35-year-old male came with the complaint of sudden onset of pain in the shoulder while doing gym 3 days ago. In magnetic resonance imaging, we identified a partial tear in MTJ of supraspinatus (SSP). Given his high-demanding lifestyle, we opted for a surgical repair and describe the surgical procedure in this case report. The aim of this case report is to emphasize on the existence of partial tear in MTJ of SSP and the need for surgical repair in high-demanding individuals. A partial tear of SSP MTJ may need surgical repair in high-demanding individuals, for them to return to their previous level of activity.
Controversies in the Management of Fracture Neck of Femur
Authors: Madhuchandra P. , Pawankumar K. M. , Santhosh G. Sunil
Published: February 2023

Intracapsular fracture neck of the femur (NOF) has been termed as “unsolved” fracture. Despite the ever-increasing literature on hip fractures, current treatment guidelines are conflicting and provide no authoritative, evidence-based recommendations on the ideal timing and modality of surgical management. Studies are going on with regard to solving the mystery behind the fracture NOF, still many of the controversial issues are remaining as a big challenge to orthopedic surgeons across the world. We are trying to enlighten a few of the controversial issues here with regard to:
Monostotic Paget's Disease of the Thoracic Vertebra Masquerading as Metastasis
Authors: Pillai Suresh S. , Nair Amalraj P. , Arjun K. , Neerngat Jayesh
Published: February 2023

Paget's disease (PD) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by abnormal bone remodeling. The bone passes through different phases depending up on the osteoblast and osteoclast activity. The prevalence of the disease is rare in the Asian population. The vertebrae are the second-most commonly affected site. It may mimic metastatic spine lesions clinically and radiologically. X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone/positron emission tomography scan are used in aid of diagnosing the disease. The confirmation is by biopsy. Complications of the disease range from back pain to neurological deficits and malignant transformation. Here, we present a case of PD of thoracic vertebrae which is a rare entity in the Indian subcontinent. The patient presented with back pain and neurogenic claudication. MRI with CT correlation showed suspicion of vertebral malignancy and a biopsy was done which showed PD. He was treated with posterior stabilization using pedicle screws and rods. The importance of this case report is to present a case which is rare in the Indian population and to make awareness regarding PD as one of the differentials in vertebral lesions.
Osteochondroma of the Dorsal Spine Presenting as Thoracic Myelopathy
Authors: Bharath H. D. , Krishnakumar R. , Ravi Suranjana
Published: February 2023

Osteochondroma is commonly found in the appendicular skeleton, though, relatively rarely, they occur in the spine, especially in the thoracic pedicle. A thorough radiographic workup is mandatory for a diagnosis. This is a case of a 13-year-old boy who developed gradual weakness over the lower limbs for the past 6 months, which worsened rapidly to 2/5 motor power over the last 3 weeks. A multidetector computed tomography suggested the diagnosis of a solitary osteochondroma of the D6 pedicle. Laminectomy and costotransversectomy with partial facetectomy and complete excision of the tumor with posterior instrumentation were done. Histopathological biopsy confirmed the tumor to be an osteochondroma. The power of the lower limbs improved postoperatively with physiotherapy to 3/5 at 6 weeks, 4/5 at 3-month follow-up, and 5/5 at 6-month follow-up. At 6-year follow-up, the patient is doing absolutely fine without any residual weakness or neurological deficit. Osteochondroma of the spine is rare. However, if they do occur, they usually need to be thoroughly investigated for accurate diagnosis and precise surgical treatment. These tumors could be presented with just a back pain or with progressing neurological deficits. A high index of suspicion and wide options of evaluation and management could change the course of the disease and the functional outcome of the patient.
Miniscrew Implant supported Maxillary Canine Retraction with and without Corticotomy Facilitated Orthodontics (CFO)
Authors: Kumar Saurav , Verma Gaurav , Hassan Nadira , Shaikh Sana , Anand Bharti , Anjan Ravi
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The purpose of the study was to scientifically test maxillary canine retraction assisted by miniscrew implant with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics.

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen patients (six males, nine females) who had Class II division malocclusion with enhanced overjet were included in the study. Maxillary first premolars were surgical displaced along with retraction of maxillary. In the canine-premolar region, corticotomy was performed on one side of the maxillary arch; the other side served as the control region. Over a 4-month follow-up span, the following variables were examined: plaque index, tooth movement intensity, attachment degree, gingival regression, molar anchorage failure, gingival index, and scope of testing.

Results:

After 2 months, the canine retraction rate on the corticotomy side was more significant than on the control side by twice. The tooth movement rate steadily decreased to 1.6 times faster at the end of the 3rd month and to 1.06 times faster at the end of the 4th month. No failure of molar anchorage occurred on either the controlled or nonoperated hand during canine retraction.

Conclusions:

For people requiring orthodontic care with shortened treatment periods, corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics may be a viable treatment modality.
Comparison of Bone Healing in Immediate Implant Placement versus Delayed Implant Placement
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Pareek Rajat , Rajawat Gaurav Singh , Kadam Aljeeta , Al Abdulsalam Mahmoud , Al Abdulathim Abdulrahman
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Today, modern surgical and regenerative techniques with implant immediately placed into the prepared socket, predictable gap repair with bone substitutes and soft tissue grafts, have helped to eliminate concerns about bone deficiencies and allowed implant placement according to prosthodontic needs.

Materials and Methods:

The present in vivo study was designed to evaluate and compare the implant healing after immediate implant placement with or without bone graft and implant healing after delayed implant placement with or without bone graft. Crestal bone levels were compared in both the groups at preoperatively and postoperatively on immediate postoperatively, at 3rd month, and at 6th month.

Results:

Immediate implant group has more crestal bone level reduction at 3rd and 6th months as compared to the delayed implant group. Immediate implant with bone graft group has insignificant crestal bone level reduction at 3rd and 6th months as compared to immediate implant without bone graft group. Delayed implant with bone graft group has insignificant crestal bone level reduction at 3rd and 6th months as compared to delayed implant without bone graft group.

Conclusion:

It was concluded from this study that clinical and radiographical bone healing in the delayed implant group with or without bone graft (Group Y) appears to be better than the immediate dental implant group with or without bone graft (Group X).
Oral Health Related Quality of Life Changes in Standard Cleft and Surgery Patients- A clinical study
Authors: Singh Jaideep , Kumar Amit , Sodani Vasudha , Kumar Amit , Jawaid Moazzam , Wasnik Milind
Published: February 2023

Background:

Malocclusions are expected to affect subjective attraction, social recognition, and intellect. For dentofacial deformities, functional concerns can also arise. The previous research has established a gradient on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) scores through malocclusion intensity, particularly in the social and emotional realms. This study is used to assess the quality of oral health.

Materials and Methods:

A total of sixty patients began orthodontic therapy at a tertiary-care facility. Treatment in the orthodontic clinic is restricted to serious malocclusions. The study was selected from patients who meet the qualifying requirements of extreme malocclusion and orofacial clefting. The research removed patients with diagnosed hereditary syndromes. Patients got either single-arch or double-arch fixed equipment during their orthodontic procedure. Subjects were categorized as orthodontic patients with extreme malocclusions, needing orthodontic therapy, and severe spinal discrepancies, requiring both orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgery. The overall score of one subject was 0–56, while the domain score was 0–8. Higher ratings for oral health profiles reflect a stronger effect on the relative quality of life of oral health.

Results:

For the 14 objects, the mean baseline Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) score for all three categories was not statistically different for about half of the items. For surgery participants, the OHIP-14 baseline scores were nearly twice as large as the scores of the other two categories for each of these things (P = 0.05). There were a lot of statistically important variations involving the categories, and the three most significant ones are revealing pattern here. The multiple comparison power of nonsignificant predictive variables was extremely weak for the area of physical pain is 5.2%; 41.2% of remaining tests, and 84% for the functional limitation and mental deficiency domain.

Conclusion:

Patients receiving a mixture of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic therapy have comparatively low OHRQoL baseline; however in contrast with normal and cleft patients, they still gain the most from care.
Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthodontic Practice in the Middle East
Authors: Nallamothu Raghuveer , Aljohani Dareen Dhaifullah , Al-Ramadhan Maryam Ali , Eshag Abdullah Mohammed , Bakulka Ghufran Abdullah , Hasanian Raghad Zaki , Abduljabar Aeshah Hassan , Pullishery Fawaz
Published: February 2023

Background:

With COVID-19 announced as a global pandemic, a countrywide lockdown was executed in many countries, including the Middle East. With no foregoing warning or expectation, orthodontic treatments were temporarily canceled as dental clinics and colleges were indefinitely closed. To the best of our knowledge, no study addresses the orthodontist perspective in such testing times, where they are entirely restricted to the confines of their homes. The study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19-related lockdown on orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate students' treatment and psychology.

Materials and Methods:

The survey participants consist of 315 orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate residents from different Middle East countries. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was sent to the consenting participants through an online data collection platform (Google forms), covering participants' sociodemographics and participants' perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

A majority of the participants (87.61%) stated that the pandemic would permanently change their way of practicing orthodontics and also will lead to the reduction in the number of orthodontic patients in the future (78.73%), and a significant number of orthodontists (67.61%) has an opinion that the pandemic will not affect the viability of their profession. The majority of the respondents (88.57%) commented about the negative economic impact of COVID-19 on their income, and regarding the effect of COVID-19 on psychosocial well-being, 73.01% had experienced anxiety and depression, 88.25% were excited about the future of the profession, and 68.57% enjoyed the life with their family due to lockdown, and when asked about their social life with the family and friends, majority of the participants (66.34%) had an opinion that it has improved due to the increased free time.

Conclusions:

Most of the respondents reported perceived economic, psychosocial, and social impacts due to the pandemic.
Prevalence and Distribution of Selected Dental Anomalies in the Patients Reporting to Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi
Authors: Mohan Sumit , Viswanath Butta , Thakur Jyoti , Tekriwal Shweta , Singh Anubhuti , Jaiswal Rima
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in the East Indian subpopulation.

Materials and Methods:

The study was based on clinical examination, evaluation of dental casts, and radiographs of 2385 Indian patients (1169 males and 1216 females), who visited Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. These patients were examined for shape anomalies, number anomalies, structural anomalies, and positional anomalies.

Results:

It was observed that 5.83% of patients reported with a dental anomaly. Males reported with higher incidence with a male-to-female ratio of 1: 0.96. Microdontia was the most common anomaly. Unilateral microdontia was more common than bilateral and was more prominent in males (9.05%). It was observed that peg laterals were frequently encountered developmental anomaly at 1.34%, while the incidence of amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta was 0.29% and 0.33%, respectively. The present demography reported a very low incidence of dens, fusion, hyperdontia, hypodontia, and macrodontia at <0.01%, whereas anomalies such as transportation, transmigration, and hypodontia of the maxillary molar reported no prevalence.

Conclusion:

The percentage of dental anomalies although low should be treated as soon as possible to avoid further complications. The results of our study can serve as an indicator to ascertain the pattern of dental anomalies in Jharkhand. This might help to plan the dental treatment of the community.
A Qualitative Study of the Impact of COVID 19, on Health Care Providers for Cancer Patients
Authors: Jha Rohit Kumar , Pareed K. Dilber , Sahoo Sujit Ranjan , Kapalavayi Anudeep , Hiralkar Pranoti , Perti Sonali , Al Salem Amerah
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

In the challenging times of the COVID-19, the care of individuals with the debilitating diseases such as cancers has been an additional burden to the medical team. We aim to find out about the obstacles for the clinical care of the patients in the COVID, the questions frequently asked by cancer patients, and the medical care and support teams' general experience in taking care of cancer patients during the times of the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a Qualtrics survey that was developed by Cancer and Aging Research Group among 275 health care providers to cancer patients during. There were twenty questions in the survey. Of these 20, three open-ended questions were included that inquired about the barriers to the clinical care of cancer patients during COVID-19; the questions asked to the health care team by cancer patients or the attendants; health care teams general experience in the situations of the COVID-19. Two different reviewers performed the quality analysis for the open-ended questions after they were assigned a code. SPSS ver-23 was used for the descriptive statistics.

Results:

Medical services organizational difficulties and addressing necessities and support were generally reported. Hindrances to the medical health teams included the included administrative difficulties, access of the patient to the support and basic resources, uncertainties for patients' psychological and physical well-being, and teleconsultation challenges. The most common concern of the patients was the safety and the need for the treatment. Medical health care teams were seen to worry for the mental and the physical health of cancer patient. There was also reported concern for the medical team's own safety, obstruction in multi-level establishments; also the health team was seen feeling positive leadership and communications.

Conclusion:

The medical health provider teams felt a need for thorough support at the organizational level for cancer patients. Medical teams were expected to comprehend the short-term and long-term impact of the COVID-19 on cancer patients. It was accepted that there has been an increased workload and mental stress among the providers. Appreciating the experiences of the medical teams during the pandemic may help in the future guidance in the care of cancer patients.
Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects with or Without Bone Graft
Authors: Razi Mohammed Ahsan , Siddiqui Shandar , Mahajan Ankit , Qamar Seema , Kumari Puja , Kumari Soni
Published: February 2023

Background:

Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory diseases causing alveolar bone loss and eventually leading to loss of teeth. The present study was evaluated the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of intrabony defects with or without bone graft.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty subjects with the presence of intrabony defects were enrolled. All subjects were included irrespective of age and gender. A questionnaire was prepared for extracting demographic and personal details of all the patients. William probe and moth mirror-tweezers set was used for carrying out clinical examination of all subjects. Random and unbiased division of all the subjects was done with ten patients in each group as follows: Group I: Subjects in which treatment was carried out using PRF with demineralized bone matrix, Group II: Subjects in which treatment was carried out using PRF alone, and Group III: Subjects in which treatment was carried in the form of open flap debridement (OFD). Pretreatment and posttreatment clinical variables were assessed which included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), relative attachment level (RAL), and gingival recession (GR) were assessed at baseline and 9 months postoperatively were calculated.

Results:

Mean PI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at baseline was 0.78, 0.8, and 0.84, respectively. Mean PI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at 9 months follow-up was 0.56, 0.55, and 0.72, respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the PI among the three study groups at follow-up. Mean GI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at baseline was 0.78, 0.8, and 0.84, respectively. Mean GI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at 9 months follow-up was 0.56, 0.55, and 0.72, respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the GI among the three study groups at follow-up. Significant difference was seen in PD, RAL, and GR from baseline to 9 months in all groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

PRF leads to significantly better improvement in the clinical parameters on follow-up in comparison to OFD alone in patients with the presence of intrabony defects.
Association of Dyslipidemia with Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Ezhilvendhan Kalaimamani , Sathiyamoorthy Anitha , Prakash B. Jey , Bhava B. Saravana , Shenoy Arjun
Published: February 2023

Background:

Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor that can lead to the progression of retinopathy (DR). Diabetic dyslipidemia with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased triglycerides (TGs) are seen frequently among Type 2 diabetic mellitus.

Aims and Objectives:

(1) To assess the level of serum lipids (total cholesterol, TGs, HDL, and low-density lipoprotein [LDL]) among type 2 diabetes patients. (2) To determine the association between serum lipid levels and DR.

Materials and Methods:

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Salem from September 2018 to March 2020 with a sample size of 200. Details of their diabetic history were obtained. Patients were evaluated for their HbA1C levels, hypertension, and lipid profile status. Early treatment DR Study system was used to classify DR. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated by Freidewald's equation.

Results:

This study showed a significant association among DR and LDL cholesterol. DR with raised LDL, TGs levels, and lowered HDL on adjusted analysis. There was strong association between DR and serum cholesterol in unadjusted analysis; however, there was no association when adjusted for factors such as age, gender, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. Majority of participants were males (57.5%) with a male: female = 1.35:1. The mean age of the patients in our study was 57.8 (5.8) years and 54.4 (6.6) years in patients with DR and patients without retinopathy, and it was found to be statistically significant. There was a significant difference in the duration of diabetes with the presence of DR and the patients with DR were having longer duration of diabetes (7.9 vs. 6.2 years; P < 0.001). Moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was found to be present in 41.0% of eyes followed by mild NPDR (20.5% eyes). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present only in 9.5%, and the severity of retinopathy was associated only with the HDL level, and there was no association found with total cholesterol, TG, and LDL cholesterol.

Conclusion:

A statistically significant correlation was found between dyslipidemia and the severity of DR among Type 2 diabetic patients.