bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La radio cercenada: la privatización móvil de la comunicación pública
Authors:   Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro, CÁRDENAS Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Desde una perspectiva histórica documental, se analiza la expansión comercial de los sistemas de telecomunicaciones de países de primer mundo, que han mantenido una presencia dominante durante 100 años en México. El receptor activado de FM en los teléfonos celulares, que Apple decidió no activar, representa un ejemplo de la necesidad de regular el poder de las transnacionales, que reducen visibilidad a la comunicación pública y los medios sociales. Ni la presión pública de autoridades, industria y sociedad civil en México, Canadá y Estados Unidos han logrado disuadir que iPhone utilice dichas señales en sus equipos, favoreciendo las ventas de audífonos, servicio musical y el pago por datos de banda ancha móvil. También, se incluyen aportaciones vía contacto directo con representantes de medios y organismos reguladores.
Investigar en Red: una experiencia de inteligencia colectiva en Latinoamérica
Authors:   Universidad Austral, ALBARELLO Francisco
Published: May 2024

Investigar en Red, es una comunidad de investigadores de carreras de Periodismo y Comunicación de más de 50 universidades de 9 países de Latinoamérica dedicada a indagar sobre las transformaciones en los hábitos de consumo de noticias y de prácticas de estudio de los estudiantes universitarios de la región. Nacida en 2020, en plena pandemia, y conformada inicialmente por 11 universidades argentinas, durante 2023 esta red se ha consolidado y ampliado a otros 8 países gracias a una metodología de investigación abierta, colaborativa y horizontal en la que se pone en juego la inteligencia colectiva. En este artículo, se presentan algunos resultados acerca de la influencia de las carreras de comunicación en el sentido crítico de los estudiantes al lidiar con la desinformación.
Rainfall Prediction using Decision Tree: A Case Study of CST, Phuntsholing
Authors: Chhetri Manoj , Gurung Lily
Published: May 2024

In this study we perform hourly rainfall prediction. Climatic data is chaotic in nature and performing regression analysis for short time periods, using limited data recorded by the weather station does not yield good results. Hence, in this study we consider rainfall prediction as a binary classification problem and classify rainfall events into two classes: rainy (positive class) or non-rainy (negative class). Using the independent climatic parameters of the current hour the rainfall status of the next hour is predicted. The dataset used was collected from CST weather station and contains records of 8 weather parameters recorded hourly. We want to study the usability of this data collected by CST weather station for predictive tasks. Since, there is no baseline prediction result on this dataset, we used logistic regression as the baseline model. The accuracy score of logistic regression was 73%. Decision tree which is the focus of this study to perform binary rainfall classification is a popular supervised machine learning algorithm, which forms a flowchart like structure where each internal node represents a feature. The optimization of parameters was conducted through grid search and we used k-fold validation with k value of five and we achieved an accuracy score of 79 percentage.
SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR IMPLEMENTING ASYNCHRONOUS FREQUENCY STARTING OF HIGH-VOLTAGE MOTORS AND REDUCING BREAK TIME IN MOTOR OPERATION IN THE EVENT OF SHORT-TERM POWER LOSS
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Sharipov Rustam R. , Khaydarov Ildar I. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: May 2024

Relevance Most of the electricity consumed comes from electric drives (ED) of various technological processes. The most common way to increase the efficiency of an electric drive is the use of a variable frequency drive (VFD). However, the use of VFDs in some cases causes a decrease in the operating efficiency of the electric drive, this is due to the high sensitivity of the frequency converter to network voltage dips, leading to the failure of the inverter and to the stop of the technological process. A current direction is the development of algorithmic methods for increasing the stability of electric drives. Aim of research Increasing the stability of a frequency-controlled motor during emergency conditions in the power supply system. Development of a power supply circuit for an electric drive, and research into the algorithm for operating the inverter in emergency modes. Methods The study of the developed method was carried out in the Matlab Simulink software package. Results A power supply circuit for an electric drive with a synchronized bypass line and a main line with a frequency converter operating according to the developed algorithm is proposed. A study of the influence of the error in measuring the shaft rotation speed on the accuracy of maintaining the recuperation of the DC transformer, as one of the ways to increase the resistance of the VFD to short-term voltage dips in the network was carried out.
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL OVERLOADS OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES TRACTION ENGINES IN CASE OF OPERATING CONDITIONS VIOLATION
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Girnik Andrey S. , Fedyanin Alexander L. ,   Seversk Technological Institute – Branch of State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Nuclear University «MEPhi»
Published: May 2024

In modern railway transport, there are cases of premature failure of traction motors of electric locomotives. The cause of these failures of electrical machines may be the influence of such factors as accelerated aging or breakdown of electrical insulating materials due to electrical overvoltages, the effects of mechanical overloads, violation of operating modes of locomotive equipment under increased loads or untimely switching in the electrical connection circuit of traction motors. Such factors lead to a decrease in the guaranteed service life of traction electric machines and, as a consequence, to their unscheduled repairs with corresponding financial costs. In some cases, locomotive equipment is beyond repair and requires complete replacement. Aim of research To study the influence of switching processes in the electrical connection circuit of traction motors on their possible failure in the event of violation of operating conditions with increased mechanical load and untimely switching of the method of their inclusion in the electrical circuit. Research methods For modeling and analysis of dynamic changes in the mechanical torque and electrical voltages of traction motors during a connection circuit switching, the simulation model has been developed in the MatLab Simulink software environment. Results The influence of changes in the transient electrical resistance of the contact gap of the switching equipment on the operation of the electric locomotive traction motor at a short-term moment of switching the connection circuit in case of violation of the operating conditions of the electric locomotive is considered. Recommendations were proposed to reduce the number of failures of traction motors.
SYNTHESIS OF FUZZY LOGIC ROUGHNESS CONTROL SYSTEM BY MATLAB SIMULINK SOFTWARE PACKAGE
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Zykin Pavel V. , Khamitov Rustam N. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Zherebtsov Sergey N. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Ganicheva Lidia S. ,   ITMO National Research University
Published: May 2024

Relevance Modern requirements for turning accuracy of parts during turning are constantly increasing. In order to provide them, in addition to using modern CNC machines and tooling, it is necessary to minimize errors arising during the operation of the machine drives (main and feed drives), as well as the cutting tool that is used during the process. This task can be carried out using specialized tracking systems for controlling the electric drive of a CNC lathe. The use of the control system allows you to control nondeterministic cutting parameters and ultimately provide the required amount of roughness. Aim of research The main aims of the research develop a model of the tracking system for controlling the feed and main motion of the CNC lathe. Research methods The control system model is synthesized using the MATLAB SIMULINK program. Results As part of the study, the MATLAB SIMULINK software package was used to develop a model of the tracking system for controlling the feed motors and the main motion of the CNC lathe. As a result of the operation of the servo control system, it has become possible to determine the values of non-deterministic cutting parameters, which will ensure the accuracy of processing the surfaces of the workpiece with a minimum error value.
SENSORLESS SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Khaydarov Ildar I. , Sharipov Rustam R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: May 2024

Relevance Rotor position sensors are used to measure the transmission speed of electric motors and determine rotor positions. Thanks to this sensor, it becomes possible to control the speed and rotor both in the starting mode of the electric motor and in normal operation. At the same time, the presence of technological mechanisms when using position sensors is practically impossible; the presence of rotor speed sensors in synchronous motors significantly increases its reliability and increases the cost of the control system. Aim of research The main aim of the research. Development of an algorithm for calculating the rotor speed of a synchronous motor. Creation of a simulation model of a device that implements the developed algorithm, and subsequent evaluation of the algorithm’s performance based on the results of the simulation. Research methods The study of the developed method was carried out in the Matlab Simulink software package. Results An algorithm for calculating the rotor speed of a synchronous motor is presented and described in detail. Studies of the developed algorithm using simulation have shown high accuracy in calculating capacitive currents in the mode of a single-phase ground fault.
SYNTHESIS OF AN INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A HELICOPTER MULTI-ENGINE POWER PLANT ACCORDING TO A COMPLEX OF INTRA-ENGINE PARAMETERS
Authors:   Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology» in Kumertau, Zaitseva Alina A. , Belyavtsev Matvey V. ,   Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology» in Kumertau, Zaitsev Evgeny A. ,   Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology» in Kumertau, Kilmakov Dmitriy K. ,   Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology» in Kumertau, Silin Ivan P. ,   Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology» in Kumertau, Gavrilov Vladislav F. ,   Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology» in Kumertau
Published: May 2024

Relevance The problem of engine synchronization within the framework of a multi-engine helicopter power plant is considered. The relevance of this research lies in the development of an integrated control system for the helicopter power plant based on a set of intra-engine parameters that sufficiently characterize the engine power. Aim of research The aim of such synchronization is to prevent unacceptable operating conditions and to ensure uniform consumption of the resource by each of the engines. The objectives of the study are: 1. development of a mathematical model of the helicopter power plant control system consisting of two ARRIUS 2G turboshaft engines with a gearbox and a double-row propeller, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of the behavior of the main gas-dynamic parameters for automatic and manual control modes; 2. a method has been developed for the synthesis of an integrated control system for a helicopter power plant using a set of gas-dynamic parameters that make it possible to estimate the available engine powers and equalize their values. Research method The problems were solved using methods of system analysis, theory of automatic control systems, linear algebra, functional analysis, fuzzy sets, and computer modeling. Results 1. A mathematical model of the helicopter power plant control system consisting of two ARRIUS 2G turboshaft engines with a gearbox and a double-row propeller has been developed, which made it possible to justify the choice of a set of controlled parameters that sufficiently characterize the power of each engine. 2. A method has been developed for synthesizing an integrated helicopter power plant control system that ensures synchronization of engine operating modes, which eliminates uneven load on the main transmission gearbox and uneven service life due to the difference in power supplied by each engine.
Educational mismatch and economic adjustment: How did the Mexican job market respond to the pandemic?
Authors: Escoto-Castillo Ana Ruth , Navarrete-López Emma Liliana
Published: May 2024

Due to the arrival of COVID-19 in Mexico, a majority of the population was affected in terms of their labor participation. This article aims to measure the levels of educational mismatch—overeducation and undereducation—in Mexico before and after the closure of activities decreed during the pandemic. The research examines changes in educational adjustment from the first quarter of 2020 to the third quarter of the same year and the first quarter of the following year, and it investigates whether there were modifications in sociodemographic profiles, changes in the conditions of those experiencing educational mismatch, and if these dynamics were a result of the crisis. The analysis uses the National Occupation and Employment Survey and employs multinomial models to assess the probability of being in some form of educational mismatch, with a grouped base for five survey editions to establish changes over time. The results show an increase of approximately 0.5% in overeducation in the total occupied population, considering sociodemographic and labor insertion characteristics. Similarly, there are differences between informal and formal employment in terms of how these changes occur, with the former showing increases first, followed by the latter.
TINJAUAN KRITIS KONSERVASI TEKSTIL KOLEKSI JUBAH SULTAN THAHA DI MUSEUM KEBANGKITAN NASIONAL
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia, Fitri Zulfa Nurdina
Published: May 2024

A museum plays a central role in conserving cultural heritage. Hence, conserving museum collections is pivotal for preserving the values of the collection. The museum of National Awakening has a potential national collection that requires curative conservation due to its damaged condition, i.e., Sultan Thaha Robes. However, the conservation effort lacked written and visual documentation of the collection due to the collection's urgency, causing it difficult for conservators to access the conservation-related information. This paper presents a critical review of conservation stages performed on Sultan Thaha Robes while suggesting a complete, systematic conservation solution based on the theoretical collaboration of textile conservation experts.
PENDIDIKAN SELERA DALAM PERKEMBANGAN RESTORAN HINDIA BELANDAPENDIDIKAN SELERA DALAM PERKEMBANGAN RESTORAN HINDIA BELANDA DAN RIJSTTAFEL DI BELANDA PADA PERIODE KOLONIAL DAN RIJSTTAFEL DI BELANDA PADA PERIODE KOLONIAL
Authors:   Pusat Riset Kewilayahan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Ariwibowo Andika
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the early development of rijsttafel and Dutch East Indies restaurants in the Netherlands during colonial period between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. The study takes a closer look at the early development of rijsttafel and Dutch East Indies restaurants in the Netherlands during the colonial period, as well as the role of actors in introducing rijsttafel and Dutch East Indies ethnic food in the Netherlands. This study aims to provide an alternative way of studying the history of culinary and gastronomic development and the influence of Dutch East Indies culture in the Netherlands. The historical sources used are newspapers, cookbooks, and guidebooks on Dutch East Indies cuisine, gastronomy, and restaurants in the Netherlands in the colonial period. The development of rijsttafel and Dutch East Indies restaurants in the Netherlands demonstrates the strong influence of colonial cultural imperialism in diversifying flavors in Europe in the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. The early trajectory of rijsttafel in the Netherlands also shows that culinary dishes and gastronomic cultures from colonies such as the Dutch East Indies can be adapted and modified into various flavors that suit the tastes of Dutch society.
KONTESTASI KUASA DALAM PERDAGANGAN REMPAH DI PANTAI BARAT DAN SELATAN ACEH ABAD KE 18 HINGGA 19 M
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh, Al Fairusy MA Muhajir
Published: May 2024

The spice route has become a national discourse in the context of strengthening the Indonesian nation's maritime cultural identity. As one of the big nations, the archipelago was once a cross-national melting pot in the context of hunting and trading spices on an international scale. After all, spices were the prima donna commodity of their time, which raised the name of the archipelago to the international trade stage. This research was conducted to find out the history of the spice route in one of the archipelago regions, especially in Aceh. After all, Islam and the spice trade have become a part of the civilization of Aceh and the Archipelago. This research is a qualitative research, with an historical and anthropological method approach, in order to understand firsthand how the description of the spice trade route in Aceh, especially the western and southern regions of Aceh. The results showed that the West and South Coasts of Aceh had become the locus of one of the archipelago's spice trading centers from the late 18th century to the end of the 19th century AD. The progress of the spice trade was marked by the emergence of ports on the west coast, including the old Singkel port, Trumon , Susoh, Kuala Batu, Meulaboh, to Bandar Rigaih. The presence of the Trumon Kingdom, which was built from the rapid trade in spices and pepper, and the weakening influence and power of the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, shows that there is a contestation of power between the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, Dutch Colonial and local powers on the West coast. Among the spice commodities on the west coast of Aceh include; pepper, cloves, nutmeg, resin, and silk. However, the presence of spices on the West coast of Aceh contributed to the emergence of power contestation between the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, the Netherlands and the kingdoms on the West coast of Aceh, especially in the context of power struggles and spice commodities.
An Educational Business Model Ideation Tool – Insights from a Design Science Project
Authors:   Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences, Schlimbach Ricarda , Lange Tim C. ,   RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Wagner Felix ,   TU Braunschweig, Germany, Robra-Bissantz Susanne ,   TU Braunschweig, Germany, Schoormann Thorsten ,   TU Braunschweig, Germany
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, it is crucial to teach business model ideation skills in education beyond disciplinary boundaries to shape students’ abilities to innovate processes, products, and entire businesses. Emerging (software-based) tooling for new ideas and innovations, however, often neglects the unique characteristics faced for educational purposes. Against this backdrop, we designed a novel artifact for teaching business model ideation in digital learning environments. By drawing on knowledge from pattern-based innovation, creativity, and conversational Artificial Intelligence, we built a personal ideation companion entitled PICO. Our companion navigates students through five common ideation phases, encouraging them to innovate business models in a divergent-convergent thinking style. The web-based tool covers diverse features on an educational, social, and motivational layer to teach business model basics and to promote creativity and versatile thinking along the ideation process. Based on our design science research project, we report on situational instantiation and provide abstract guidelines for its design and implementation in (entrepreneurship) education. The artifact has been evaluated in several formal and informal learning scenarios including altogether over 70 students from Information Systems and Entrepreneurship programs as well as 10 employees from company-driven training programs on innovation.
RUSSIAN WORLD IS A SIGNIFICANT ELEMENT OF THE REVENGE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGAINST UKRAINE
Authors:   Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Figurny Yuriy
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the political and ideological concept of the «russian world» as an important element of the revanchist policy of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The imperial essence of Putin's Russia as the successor to the Russian and Soviet empires has been revealed. Although formally Russia is a federation of many peoples, in reality it is an imperial state that not only tries to preserve the status quo after the collapse of the USSR, but also makes active attempts to regain its geopolitical influence in both the near and far abroad. The basic elements of «russian world» are characterized. These are, first of all, the Russian Orthodox Church, the information component, the Russian language, culture, education, science, and so on. The criminal role of «russian world» in the preparation and course of the Russian-Ukrainian war has been clarified. It was those regions of Ukraine where «russian world» became most widespread and popular among the anti-Ukrainian local population that later became either easy prey for the aggressor (like Crimea) or an arena of bloody confrontation (like Donetsk and Luhansk regions). Conversely, where pro-Ukrainian forces were in the majority, they were able to stop the offensive «russian world» and the so-called «russian spring». The ways of overcoming and final liquidation of ideas, ideological bases and ideology and basic elements of «russian world» by the Ukrainian state are offered. First of all, it is the development of the Ukrainian Independent Conciliar State on the basis of Ukraine-centric principles (combination and synergy of Ukrainian modern renewed nationalism and Ukrainian studies as an educational humanities discipline, integrative science and patriotic worldview). Ukrainian Independent Conciliar State in the XXI century. should become the leader of Central and Eastern Europe and enter the top twenty most developed countries in the world.
COMPLETE PUBLICATION ON THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK AND BOOK SCIENCE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kapeliushnyi Valerii , Pylypenko Viktor ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The authors wrote a review of I. V. Dovzhuk’s textbook «Book Science Basics». It is noted that the peer-reviewed educational publication is relevant, timely and in demand, because it examines the history of book business from ancient times to the early XXth century on a broad historical background and using unique sources, both known and little known. It is emphasized that the generalization and comprehension by I. V. Dovzhuk of the available material on the researched problem significantly expand the available knowledge on the history of books and book science. It is concluded that the peer-reviewed textbook «Book Science Basics» in general makes a positive impression, and the research, creative and analytical-practical work carried out by the researcher deserves positive approval.
POLISH MODEL OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATION AND FUNCTIONING PROCESS
Authors:   Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi State Pedagogical University named after Hryhoriy Skovoroda, Lutsyk Oksana
Published: May 2024

From the very beginning of its existence, the process of local self-government bodies’ formation in post-socialist countries is characterized by total control by central authorities. It is common that citizens in political-power relations are forced to play a secondary role in such systems, therefore they naturally tend to the European model of policy on the community level. Each of the post-socialist countries has chosen its own path of reforming the local self-government system. This article deals with the analysis of the Polish model of administrative-territorial reform, as Poland was one of the first countries in the socialist bloc that began reforming process radically denying the communist model of governance imposed by the Soviet Union. In addition, we analyze the Polish experience as Ukraine and Poland share common history and these countries have much common features in terms of economy and culture. Poland had the opportunity to critically analyze the experience of leading European countries while preparing their own administrative and territorial reform and, eventually, applied the best European practices in Poland. On the one hand, the main goal of the Polish government in this area was to establish effective work of local governments, which would consider the need of having a controlled vertical of executive power typical for a unitary state and, on the other hand, maximize the rights of local governments. It is a known fact that the Republic of Poland began with the reform of local government, particularly, abolished the two-steps system of territorial units (gminas and voivodships) and introduced a three-steps one instead (gmina – county – voivodship). The establishment of the Republic prepared a detailed set of legal documents for each level of the self-government hierarchy, which clearly regulated the scope of competence for each level. This model proved its effectiveness and has been used until now. The aim of this article is to identify mechanisms for reforming local governments in post-socialist countries based on the experience of Poland.
COMPETENCE OF CHILDREN IN INTERNET SAFETY TO COUNTER RISKS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, BAIDAROVA Olha , SHKURO Valentyna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Background. The article presents the results of the second stage of research on the effectiveness of the educational campaign #stop_sexting concerning child safety in the digital environment. The research aims to explore the activities of 5th to 8th-grade pupils in the digital environment, their basic knowledge of security, including awareness of online communication risks, as well as their attitudes toward internet safety and behavior in risky situations. The primary research method used was a questionnaire, with results analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Methods. The research findings highlight the inconsistencies in children's perceptions of the internet and safety within the online sphere, along with their self assessed competency in this domain. The trend of increasing online engagement with age has been confirmed, and the primary activities of children on the internet elevate the potential for encountering risks, which they tend to underestimate. Only 11 % of the surveyed children do not have profiles on social media. Despite the fact that the majority of children express an understanding that anyone can become a victim on the internet, they generally perceive the internet as a safe environment. Results. The risk of encountering inappropriate content online or receiving proposals for intimate communication is of least concern to them. More than half of the respondents assess their own behavior as safe and assert that they possess knowledge on how to protect themselves on the internet. Simultaneously, an equal proportion of 7th to 8th-grade pupils are unfamiliar with concepts describing various forms of sexual violence on the internet. Children also underestimate the risks associated with age-based registration limits on social media, open access to personal profiles, sharing personal information, or posting personal photos, tending to perceive danger primarily in events related to establishing contacts with strangers on the internet. Сonclusions. The research has demonstrated the limited knowledge of protective measures in risky internet situations and the lack of experience in utilizing a broader range of protective actions, aside from blocking dangerous users. Key sources of information regarding safe internet behavior include parents or family members and thematic lessons within educational institutions. Parents and law enforcement agencies (police and cyber police) serve as sources of assistance in case of hazardous online situations. However, less than 40 % of the respondents perceive educators or the school's social-psychological service as entities capable of providing assistance in internet-related dangerous situations. The research finding can be valuable in developing preventive programs focused on online safety for school-age children.
QT interval prolongation in people treated with bedaquiline for drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Rayhan Mohammad Zannatul , Sadi M. Rokib , Sarker Prosad Kumer , Hossain M. Asif , Alam Most Mehenaz
Published: May 2024

Background: Bedaquiline (BDQ) is indeed recommended for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, it's essential to monitor patients receiving bedaquiline therapy closely because it has been associated with prolongation of the QTc interval. This study aimed to assess the association of bedaquiline to QT interval prolongation in DR-TB patients.
Methods: This was an observational longitudinal study conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine in Chest Disease Hospital, Rajshahi, from August 2020 to February 2023.  A total of 44 MDR-TB patients were included in the study. Data analyses were done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.
Results: Out of 44 patients the majority 30(68.2%) patients belonged to age >40 years with a mean age of 49.3±15.6 years, and all patients were male. All MDR patients were detected by sputum Gene-Xpert, 44 (100%), and sputum for AFB culture was done in all patients, 44 (100%). QT level and QT changes were statistically significant for baseline and 24 weeks. Only one patient died in 2 weeks of follow-up (Table 3). Changes of QT >60 ms was found in 6 (13.6%) and ≤60 ms was 38 (86.4%). Age, sex, marital status, residence, educational status, occupational status, monthly income, chief complaints, co-morbidities, and using drug-causing QT prolongation were not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Prolonged QT interval is in DR-TB patients who receive treatment using the bedaquiline regimen. We observed that with a moderate prolongation of QTc, there were no arrhythmias recorded and 1 death occurred due to acute MI.
Uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus interventions among infected mothers attending health facilities in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Musyoka Jacques Ngumbao , Okwara Florence Nafula , Yonge Shadrack
Published: May 2024

Background: The study was conducted in Mombasa County, Kenya, and aimed at the uptake of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission interventions among HIV-infected mothers attending health facilities. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was used between May 2021 and October 2021, utilizing a self-administered structured questionnaire to collect data. The collected information was then analyzed using SPSS version 17 and STATA version 9.2.
Methods: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional research design.
Results: 84.8% of respondents exclusively breastfed their babies, and 77.3% received antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Education level, being a housewife, and religion showed statistically significant associations with PMTCT service uptake (p<0.05). Additionally, 53.7% of participants demonstrated awareness of the importance of enrolling in PMTCT intervention services. The study highlighted high levels of knowledge among participants regarding PMTCT interventions, with 89.9% having correct knowledge of ARVs for children, 83.5% understanding the importance of counselling, 77.3% practicing modified infant feeding, and 85% acknowledging the necessity of delivering in a health facility. Knowledge of PMTCT components such as HIV counselling, ARV usage, facility-based delivery, and early diagnosis was significantly associated with the uptake of PMTCT interventions.
Conclusions: Utilization of PMTCT services among postnatal HIV-positive mothers was high among postnatal HIV-positive women who embraced the PMTCT interventions. The respondents had average knowledge concerning PMTCT services. This study suggests supporting and encouraging related stakeholders to provide education about MTCT.
Dental fear among the school going-children of Taif, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Khalid S. , Alzahrani Turki A. , Holenarasipur Amith V.
Published: May 2024

Background: Dental fear is a phenomenon that is founded in most of the populations weather the individual is a child or an adult. Objectives were to understand the aspects and the percentages of dental fear among school going children and determine the nature of dental fear in children and to assess the prevalence of dental fear in school going children of Taif city, Suadi Arabia.
Methods: Participants were the school children of Taif city, Saudi Arabia. The Children's fear survey schedule – dental subscale (CFSS-DS) was used that was obtained from an online article with a similar topic and it was in Arabic language. The questionnaire forms were distributed to the school going children and responses collected from them at the end of each school visit.
Results: The study included 303 school-aged children. It was discovered that the statement with the highest mean indicating that the child is very afraid was: "Are you afraid of the dentist's drill?" (1.84±1.17). The statement with the lowest mean indicated that the child was not afraid: "Are you afraid of people in white clothes?" (1.18±0.69). The mean CFSS-DS score was 22.05±9.44. According to the CFSS-DS score classification cutoff, 19 (6.3%) of the studied children had dental anxiety.
Conclusions: The most feared aspect was the dentist drilling followed and the least feared aspect was people in white coat, with a prevalence of 6.3% of dental anxiety among studied children.
Drug prescription awareness among dental students in Kerala: a survey of current knowledge and awareness
Authors: Vijaykumar Syam Kumar , Rajeev Gayathri , Masood Anwar , Krishna Archana , Kamal Anju P. , Raj Anitta C.
Published: May 2024

Background: Prescribing medicine is a core skill for dentists, impacting patient safety and requiring knowledge of medications, dosages, and risks. This study evaluates dental students' awareness of these critical aspects in Kerala, India.
Methods: This study aimed to assess drug prescription awareness among dental students in Kerala, India, highlighting current knowledge, standard practices, and areas for improvement.
Results: Dental pain emerged as the most commonly treated condition (57.7%), with Amoxicillin reigning as the antibiotic of choice (69.2%-76.3%). Textbooks reigned supreme as the primary source of prescription information (66.4%-58.3%), even as most participants (78.1%-72.4%) acknowledged the WHO prescribing guidelines. While interns demonstrably boasted greater confidence in their knowledge, nearly half of all participants grappled with a lack of confidence in drug dosage and frequency. Incorrect dosage stood out as the Achilles' heel of prescription practices (71.9%-77.6%). Strengths included awareness of the correct route of delivery (61.6%-74.4%) and adherence to WHO guidelines.
Conclusions: Dental students in Kerala demonstrate fair drug prescription awareness but have gaps in knowledge regarding dosage, frequency, and duration. Textbooks are the primary information source, highlighting the need for more in-depth education and reliance on evidence-based resources. Targeted interventions focused on these areas could enhance prescribing practices and patient safety.
Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and parainfluenza virus in an elderly patient: a case report
Authors: Adiody Supriya , R. Aravind T.
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11th March 2020. Influenza usually occurs in winters, and the burden of the disease is determined by several factors, including the effectiveness of the vaccine that season, the characteristics of the circulating viruses, and how long the season lasts. Host factors and comorbidities also play an integral role in determining the outcome of the disease. Both the viral diseases present with an acute influenza like illness which may progress in certain individuals to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. It is essential to understand that coinfection with viruses may occur and it is important to diagnose them as some require antivirals and some supportive and symptomatic management. Here, we present the case of an elderly lady with bilateral bronchiectasis who was infected with both SARS-CoV2 virus and parainfluenza 3.
Maternal milk intake and the foetus growth: A bio-cultural study in Pune
Authors: Nawathe Aarti , Kurane Anjali
Published: May 2024

The relationship between maternal diet and foetal parameters has been a matter of debate because of the number of parameters and various dimensions associated with it. The study has gained attraction because of its importance despite of uncertainty and controversy in it.

: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal milk consumption and fetal growth as well as the birth weight of the newborn. To achieve this objective, dietary information was collected using a 24-hour diet recall survey, and protein intake was evaluated based on dietary intake.

A total of 455 ultrasound observations from 229 respondents were collected by using a Prospective Observational Cohort Mixed Longitudinal study design in the second and last trimester of pregnancy from one private and two government hospitals in Pune, India where direct interviews were taken. Dietary data were collected using 24-hour diet recall. Food Frequency questionnaire was administered to understand the dietary habits and preferences.

The average protein intake was 77.33g/day. Birth weight and Protein intake of mother do not show statistically significant linear relationship (=0.605) The descriptive test shows that the majority of respondents had tendency to consume less than one cup (155.64 mL) of milk per day. The study shows better tendency of foetal growth in BPD, HC, AC, FL, FW, Weight at birth in the group of the respondent consuming milk more than 4 cups (>717mL) per day. This growth might be due to the micronutrient intake of mother.

There is no association between maternal milk intake and the fetus growth.
The prevalence of hospital acquired infection and associated factors among patients admitted at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, in Ethiopia
Authors: Atalay Yibeltal Assefa , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe
Published: May 2024

Hospital-acquired infection is an infection acquired a major global concern of well-being, affecting the quality of care in the healthcare setting. Routine surveillance of infection is an important part of infection prevention and quality assurance in hospitals.

to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hospital-acquired infection among inpatients, in Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Across-sectional study was conducted among inpatients in Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. All eligible inpatients admitted at least more three days of the survey were included. The study was conducted from April 1 to July 30/2023. Environmental health professionals and nurses collected the data according to the Centers for Disease Control through observational assessments documented by physicians. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and the associations between independent and dependent variables.

A total of 413 patients were included in this study, the median age of the participants was 26 years. A total of 352 (85.2%) patients were diagnosed with non-fatal disease during the survey. 49 patients had hospital-acquired infections developed, with a mean prevalence of 11.9 %. Coagulate-negative staphylococcus 27.27%), and E. coli (27.27) were the most frequently reported hospital-acquired infection-causing pathogens from the result of the study. The factors of patient admission diagnosis, length of hospital stay (more than five days of hospital stay), and absence of running tap water in the patient’s room with the occurrence of hospital-acquired infection were statistically significant.

Surgical site infections and bloodstream infections were the most common types of hospital-acquired infections. Then, Hospital management and healthcare workers should give more attention to the practice of infection prevention to achieve a reduced prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in the study setting.
Modelos socioecológicos y salud pública: una perspectiva desde la agencia humana
Authors: Gómez-Gutiérrez Luis Fernando , Lucumí-Cuesta Diego Iván
Published: May 2024

Dos miradas antagónicas se identifican con respecto a los comportamientos y prácticas sociales relacionadas con salud. La primera destaca la capacidad que tienen los individuos de tomar decisiones racionales para prevenir y controlar la mayoría de las enfermedades. En este caso, la atención se centra en las motivaciones y comportamientos del sujeto, y en lo que comúnmente se denomina estilos de vida en salud. Este abordaje individual tiende a desestimar la relevancia de los contextos sociales en los que viven las personas, al asumir que los grupos humanos están conformados por sujetos solitarios que procuran sus intereses personales, en menoscabo de procesos de coordinación de una acción mediante acuerdos intersubjetivos. Desde este abordaje, los comportamientos de riesgo en salud se entienden como productos de decisiones voluntarias, sin considerar las circunstancias sociales. La segunda perspectiva asume, por el contrario, que los comportamientos humanos están determinados por estructuras sociales que les restringen su capacidad de agencia. Se plantea entonces una preeminencia de los andamiajes sociales por encima de los sujetos, postura que tiene similitudes con el funcionalismo sistémico y el estructuralismo sociológico, los cuales privilegian el uso de metáforas tomadas de la biología para explicar los procesos sociales.
Technology-Integrated Assessment: A Literature Review
Authors: Madland Colin , Irvine Valerie , DeLuca Chris , Bulut Okan
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of the scholarly literature between 2016 and 2023 on the impact of classroom technology on higher education instructors’ assessment practices through the lens of the assessment design in a digital world framework (Bearman et al., 2022). Specifically, the paper focuses on (a) describing the assessment design in a digital world framework, (b) identifying the scope and breadth of the literature relating to technology-integrated assessment, and (c) highlighting any gaps between the Bearman et al. model and the literature. This paper marks an important step in extending our understanding of the factors influencing instructors who integrate technology into their assessment practice and promoting ethical and equitable approaches to technology-integrated assessment in higher education.
Women’s Perception and Readiness regarding Adoption of A Healthy and Sustainable Diet: A Cross-Sectional Study in Enugu City, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuabor Daniel , Ogbuabor Alphonsus , Ghasi Nwanneka
Published: May 2024

Background: There is little knowledge about healthy and sustainable diets (HSDs) in Africa. This study assesses women’s readiness to adopt HSDs and its associated factors in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional household survey in 2021, which assessed women’s (n =450) food choice motives, perceived benefit, and readiness to adopt HSDs. The diets were categorised as pre-contemplation and contemplation (PC/C), preparation and relapse (P/R), and action and maintenance (A/M) stages. Odds ratios (OR) were generated using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Almost 57% of the women perceived HSD to be of high benefit. About 19%, 21%, and 60% of the women were in the PC/C, P/R and A/M, respectively. Low perceived benefit (OR=4.30, 95%CI: 2.30-8.05, P<0.001), low health concern (OR=6.35, 95%CI: 2.53-15.93, P<0.001), low education (OR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.39-5.44, P=0.004), and age <35 years (OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.02-6.07, P=0.046) predicted being in the PC/C stage. Low perceived benefit (OR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.63-4.63, P<0.001), low health concern (OR=5.35, 95% CI: 2.40-11.92, P<0.001), low level of education (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.05-3.42, P=0.033), and being poor (OR=2.90, 95%CI: 1.05-7.97, P=0.039) predicted being in the P/R stage. Being <35 (OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.28-0.87, P=0.014) and having low taste consideration (OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.12-0.72, P=0.008) predicted being in the A/M stage. Conclusions: Readiness to adopt HSDs needs to be improved in Enugu, Nigeria. For this purpose, respective nutrition education interventions might be implemented regarding progress in HSDs.
The Association between Dietary Acid Load and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Cohort Study in Shahrekord
Authors: Ghorbani Mozhgan , Mousavi Masoumeh Sadat , Ahmadi Ali , Fazelian Siavash
Published: May 2024

Background and aim: It has recently been suggested that acid-base imbalances may play a role in some types of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between dietary acid load and common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1800 participants were enrolled in a cohort study in Shahrekord. Data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The potential renal acid load (PRAL) was calculated using the intestinal absorption of five nutrients including protein, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium. The association of dietary acid load with NCDs was investigated in two models. Then, the raw model was adjusted by including calorie intake and age; after adjusting the effect of the two variables, the association between dietary acid load and the studied NCDs was not statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 51.49±9.27 years, and 941 (52.27%) of them were female. Mean±SD acid load score was -6.88±23.23. The results showed that there was a significant association between dietary acid load and age (P=0.005), weight (P=0.0001), waist circumference (P=0.016), hip circumference (P=0.0001), waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.01), body mass index (P=0.004), and triglyceride (P=0.012). In the raw model, a significant association was observed between dietary acid load and hypertension (OR=0.57, 0.39-0.8). Conclusion: In this study, no significant association was observed between dietary acid load and NCDs, but the variable was associated with weight and body mass index as the most important risk factors for NCDs.