bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tess D’Urbervilles—A Suffering Daughter of Nature
Authors: Liu Qin
Published: December 2018

Thomas Hardy is one of the most outstanding novelists who have made great contribution to the English literature. In his literature creations, he attached great importance to the relationship between man and nature, males and females. In his close observations, he not only sensed the close relationship between women and nature, but also integrated them together into a whole unity. He believed that women are the integral part of nature, and women are more sensitive to blending into the nature. In the male-dominated world, women have the same suffering fate with nature in human civilization, which tends to be isolated and lonely. Hardy advocates to rebuild the respect for women and nature, which is embodied in his feminism conciousness. This paper attempts to study Tess of the D’Urbervilles from the perspective of feminism, centered on the analysis of the affinity between Tess D’Urbervilles and nature. Tess D’Urbervilles is a suffering daughter of nature, she has an uncanny similariry with nature, and she is the womanized nature, therefore, Tess is naturalized in the whole novel.
Safety Climate in the Indian Manufacturing Industry - An Exploratory Study
Authors: Vijalapura Narayanappa Thimmarayappa , Renuka Swamy Devappa , Krishnamurthy Pranesh
Published: December 2018

Research indicates safety climate is used to measure the safety of an organization. However, very few studies examine the status of safety climate in the manufacturing sector. This paper aims to explicate the status of safety climate in the Indian manufacturing sector. Four hundred fifty employees from 13 manufacturing industries in Karnataka were sampled. Perception data about the safety in their respective plants was collected using self-reporting questionnaires. The data was subjected to factor analysis, and Partial Least Squares regression was run to determine the nature of the relationships the constructs shared with Safety Climate.
Exploring the communication experiences of international nurses who participated in a 13-week accent modification program
Authors: Belay Hanna A.
Published: December 2018

Objective: This qualitative study explored the personal interactions of the nurses with patients, families, providers and other staff members after taking part in accent modification program.Methods: Hermeneutic Interpretive Phenomenology influenced by philosopher Martin Heidegger provided the philosophical underpinnings to guide this exploration of the communication experiences of international nurses about four to eight months after completion of a 13-week accent modification program.Results: The following six themes emerged from the data: I have the tool, I am self-assured, I speak with intention, I want to involve, My accent is part of who I am, and I am not an introvert.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that an accent modification program improves communication skills of international nurses regardless of age, gender, country of origin, and length of stay in the U.S.  It is reassuring to employers who realize that there is a potentially effective intervention to improve and enhance linguistic competence of their current international nurses.
Designing English Material for Second Semester Students of Peer-Assisted Learning Program (PALP)
Authors: Hidayati Ratri Nur
Published: December 2018

This research aims at developing Peer-Asissted Learning Program (PALP) Modul for PBI UAD Students at Second Semester. Since the purpose of the research is developing an instructional module, this research belongs to research and development. There were some steps conducted in this research which were conducting needs analysis, formulating the instructional design, arranging the modul, validating the modul, revising the modul, applying the modul, and evaluating the use of the modul. Then, the instruments used in this research were interview guideline and questionnaires. The interview guidelines were used in conducting needs analysis while the questionnaires were used in validating and evaluating the modul. Next, there were two types of data gained from this research, qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed descriptively while quantitative data were analyzed through Likert scale and the use criteria percentage. The subject of the study were 12 of board PALP, 30 PALP mentors, and 50 mentees. The module entitled PALP Module for Semester 2 students which focuses on speaking skill. It contains 7 chapters, each chapters consists of the teaching order and scoring rubric. Moreover, the module was developed and revised based on the data gained during the research. The result from the expert judgment related to the face aspect is 84% while the result related to the development aspect is 80%. Then, the result of the evaluation from the board is 84%, from the mentors is 86%, and from the mentee is 88%. So, it can be concluded that the modul is feasible to apply.
Discovering Lecturers’ Perspectives of the Use of ‘English for Academic Survival Mobile Learning Module’ (Tutor Me) Among Tertiary Students
Authors: Ngadiran Nurizah binti Md , Alias Nor Aziah
Published: December 2018

Due to the advancement of mobile technologies, over the past few years, the perceptions relating to mobile learning (mLearning) have been evolving. The purpose of this study was to examine the lecturers’ perspectives on the use of ‘Tutor Me’ by the lecturers of English for Academic Survival (UHB 10302) course during tutorial sessions and independent study hours among tertiary students of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). Two lecturers who had used the platform were interviewed by the developer of ‘Tutor Me’. The results indicated that the lecturers were positive on the use of ‘Tutor Me’ as one of the mLearning platform to be used to the students of UHB 10302 course.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 15, No. 1
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: December 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2019.
An Overview of Glass Ceiling, Tiara, Imposter, and Queen Bee Barrier Syndromes on Women in the Upper Echelons
Authors: Ambri Sabirah , Tahir Lokman Mohd , Alias Rose Alinda
Published: December 2018

The increasing women participation in the upper management level has been a comprehensive research study for women and career studies. Although only a few of them have had successfully broken the glass ceiling, they still have to struggle to keep up with the opposite gender. The purpose of the research study is to review past research studies on the glass ceiling syndrome, tiara syndrome, imposter syndrome, and queen bee barrier syndromes that commonly occur in women’s career progression and understand how it affects women’s career success. This paper reports the results of a literature review on four barrier syndromes in 45 combinations of research paper, books, magazine, thesis and discussion paper. Women need to have skills and ability in order to be leaders of upper management. The result of the study could provide a better understanding of the barriers that effects the women leaders in becoming successful. Thus, this research is conducted to gather and review the literature on the barrier syndromes and how it affects women’s success in their careers.
Marriage, Pregnancy and Sexual Practices in University Female Students in Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Polo Esther P. , Cassas Ayda M. , Senior Natalia A. , Hamdan Muna
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION: Sexuality went from being a taboo to a matter of human rights regarding intimacy, sexual and reproductive disputes. Maternity in university students may produce a greater effort in the academic commitment, as well as limiting the time and quality of the academic activities. However, when pregnancy occurs, it is only the woman who carries its risk, “single mom” burden and child care in most cases.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the number of marital union and the factors of exposure to pregnancy risk in university students of exact sciences programs in a public university of Cartagena.

METHODS: A quantitative research, of a descriptive type, with a population composed of students enrolled in 3 professional programs of Exact and Natural Sciences of a public university in Cartagena, Colombia, was carried out. A two-stage sampling was done. An Outline of the social and demographic profile of the participants for research purpose was prepared. Natality and exposure to pregnancy risk questions were applied. Data was processed using Epi lnfo 7.0, quantitative analysis was made using central tendency measures and qualitative variables and categories that applied to the study.

RESULTS: 26% of the 89 participating students were women and were on average of 20 years old with a SD of 2.23. 63% belonged to the subsidized system of the Colombian Health System. 97% of the participants belonged to socioeconomic levels 1 and 2. 94% of the participants declared heterosexual behavior. Regarding the number of people with whom they have had sexual intercourse throughout their lives, the range of one to two people was 28%, while 18% answered that they have had coital encounters with three or more people. 16% of the participants said they felt pressured by some friends to start their sexual relations. 56% of the surveyed reported having vaginal sex, of which 47% have performed this practice without the use of a condom. In the same way, 19% practiced anal sex, where 9% of them did not use condoms.

CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop initiatives in the academic context that embraces the guidelines developed by WHO and UNFPA regarding sexual life and sexuality.
Analysis of the Nutrients and Microbiological Characteristics of the Indonesian Dadih As a Food Supplementation
Authors: Helmizar Helmizar , Yuswita E. , Putra A. E.
Published: December 2018

Dadih, an Indonesia traditional fermented buffalo milk, is produced and consumed by the West Sumatra Minangkabau ethnic group of Indonesia that considered beneficial for human health. The objective of this study was to know nutrients composition and bacteriology characteristics of dadih that collected from Tanah Datar and Agam districs in West Sumatera province, Indonesia. This study initiated with analysis of biochemical of dadih covering protein, lipid, moisture value, ash content, pH, and titritable acidity. Bacteriology analysis have conducted to total bacterial and total Acid Lactic Bacterial quantification. In this study, we have found nutrients compositions of dadih are total percentage of protein, lipid, moisture value, ash content, pH, and titritable acidity of dadih from Tanah Datar respectively are 12.41±1.30, 5.70±1.73, 66.09±6.00, 0.72±0.13, 4.55±0.21, 0.51±0.56. Total percentage of protein, lipid, moisture value, ash content, pH, and titritable acidity of dadih from Agam respectively are 10.89±2.55, 18.00±14.65, 61.94±20.18, 1.14±0.79, 4.33±0.46, 1.70±0.21. Dadih from Tanah Datar contain 1.9 x 107 CFU/g BAL and 2.3 x 107 CFU/g total bacteria. Dadih from Agam contain 4.6 x 106 CFU/g BAL and 2.9 x 108 CFU/g total bacteria. There is not pathogenic bacteria in Dadiah Tanah Datar and Agam.
HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing in Namibia: Status, Successes, and Barriers
Authors: Ashipala Daniel Opotamutale , Kamenye Esther , Muronga Frans , Tooley Len
Published: December 2018

Voluntary Counselling and Testing is one of the strategies to respond to the increasing number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) new infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) in Rundu urban and identify the barriers to fully effective service.The objectives of the study was to identify the barriers that prevents effective HIV Voluntary Counselling and testing services; asses its success and determine its status in urban, Namibia. A qualitative explorative and descriptive design was employed in this study where all health care and HIV/AIDS professionals including hospital nurses, employees and New Start VCT Centres, and representatives from relevant NGOs, Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), and the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS)providing Voluntary Counselling services in Rundu urban in Namibia were interviewed. In this study, in depth individual interview structured in accordance with interview guide was used. Content analysis method was employed to analyze the data. Themes that emerged from this study includes: Fear of a positive results (stigma that accompanies seropositivity) and lacks of perceived benefit to getting tested. In addition, financial barriers affecting the poorest populations in Rundu. To increase access and relevance of VCT services, it is recommended that the Ministry of Health and Social Services should develop more detailed counselling guidelines and increase the scope of counselling by addressing the inadequacies of current risk reduction. Despite these hopeful possibilities a number of barriers remains before VCT can be fully effective.
Managing Risk Integration for Performance Orientation among Malaysian Firms
Authors: Tinggi Michael , Jakpar Shaharudin , Hui Ng Kim
Published: December 2018

The study is potentially, to explore the effect of discounting for risk on performance of firms listed in Malaysian stocks’ market. Risk management has been part of the corporate philosophy in maximizing shareholders’ wealth and firms’ profit. Managing risk cannot be done in isolation. Too often common risks pertinent to operation, liquidity and financing may be taken for granted by many firms. Risks exist on stand alone, but its implication may negatively severe firms’ performance if not addressed or dealt with properly. Integrating and managing risks may potentially improve the quality of business processes, which may orientate towards attaining firms’ performance at the corporate level. The 2007 global financial crisis has incidentally highlighted the importance of integrating and managing risk and its effect on business. Empirical evidences from the Panel Random Effect (RE) analysis of the above companies showed that the firm’s ability to manage and integrate operating, liquidity, and financial risks steer the firms towards performance orientation.
What Prompts College Students to Participate in Online Surveys?
Authors: Park Kunsoon , Park Narang , Heo Wookjae , Gustafson Kim
Published: December 2018

Online surveys are frequently used in higher education to collect students’ opinions. This study investigated the factors associated with students’ willingness to respond to online surveys. Using 540 samples from undergraduate and graduate students in the United States, this study conducted a factor analysis to categorize the reasons that students willingly participate in online surveys. Four factors were identified: Format, Affiliation, Content, and Contact. The regression analysis revealed format was significantly associated with the undergraduate students’ online survey participation, while content was significantly related to the graduate students’ online survey participation. These findings indicate the behavior of responding to online surveys may vary depending on the participants’ educational level. They also suggest a need to develop different strategies when designing online surveys for educational purposes to enhance response rates.
On the Error Rate Comparison of the Quadratic Discriminant Function, Euclidean Distance Classifier, Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Function and the Vine Copulas
Authors: Nanthakumar A.
Published: December 2018

The estimation of the error rates is of vital importance in classification problems as this is used as a basis to choose the best discriminant function; that is, the one with a minimum misclassification error. The quadratic discriminant function (QDF), Euclidean Distance Classifier (EDC), and Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Function (FLDC) have been in use for a long time for the purpose of classification. In this paper, we compare the misclassification error rate of the QDF, EDC, and FLDC with the Vine Copulas based on Gaussian and Clayton models. The results were obtained for the general case where the means are unequal and the covariance matrices are unequal.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 8, No. 1
Authors: Smith Wendy
Published: December 2018

International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.

Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.

Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 1

Abdullah A. Smadi, Yarmouk University, Jordan

Afsin Sahin, Gazi University, Turkey

Ali Reza Fotouhi, University of the Fraser Valley, Canada

Anna Grana, University of Palermo, Italy

Carla J. Thompson, University of West Florida, USA

Felix Almendra-Arao, UPIITA del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , México

Gabriel A. Okyere, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

Gerardo Febres, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela

Hui Zhang, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, USA

Ivair R. Silva, Federal University of Ouro Preto – UFOP, Brazil

Krishna K. Saha, Central Connecticut State University, USA

Man Fung LO, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

Olusegun Michael Otunuga, Marshall University, USA

Philip Westgate, University of Kentucky, USA

Qingyang Zhang, University of Arkansas, USA

Sajid Ali, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan

Samir Khaled Safi, The Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine

Shatrunjai Pratap Singh, John Hancock Financial Services, USA

Sohair F. Higazi, University of Tanta, Egypt

Subhradev Sen, Alliance University, India

Vilda Purutcuoglu, Middle East Technical University (METU), Turkey

Vyacheslav Abramov, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

Wei Zhang, The George Washington University, USA

Weizhong Tian, Eastern New Mexico University, USA

Zaixing Li, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China

Wendy Smith

On behalf of,

The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and Probability

Canadian Center of Science and Education
Tabla sin asidero: el feminismo en la poesía mexicana actual a través de Dolores Dorantes
Authors: Ballester Pardo Ignacio
Published: December 2018

Dolores Dorantes (Córdoba, Veracruz, 1973) es una poeta y periodista mexicana que vive en EUA desde 2011 debido a las amenazas, la intervención y la persecución que sufre por ser feminista. De ello da buena cuenta el blog que ese mismo año tuvo que cerrar a propósito de tal vejación. Sin embargo, Dorantes sigue trabajando en un nuevo espacio personal para evidenciar tamaño maltrato. A partir de sus poemarios Estilo (2011) y Querida fábrica (2012) estudiamos cómo la poeta feminista reflexiona desde la poesía sobre el estigma machista, la violencia, el dolor o la frontera.
Porfirio Parra, 1907-1910. La pedagogía de las emociones. Jules Payot y José Enrique Rodó en la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria de México
Authors: Martínez Carrizales Leonardo
Published: December 2018

Este artículo estudia las orientaciones intelectuales que alimentaron la gestión política y doctrinal de las autoridades de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria de México a partir de 1907. En primer lugar, tales orientaciones sirvieron como base para una reforma general de ese plantel educativo que reformularía el legado de Gabino Barreda, ideólogo fundador de la escuela secundaria del Estado liberal en México. Porfirio Parra, director de la Preparatoria encargado de conducir la renovación de este establecimiento, llevó más lejos las consecuencias de este proceso al dar pie a un giro idealista en las directrices de la institución. Para ello, incorporó a autoridades como Jules Payot y José Enrique Rodó en la determinación de los recursos pedagógicos de la Preparatoria. En consecuencia, una pedagogía centrada en el control de las emociones y el dominio de sí mismo se convirtió en la prioridad del plantel encargado de formar a los intelectuales del régimen.
Reseña: "Tribunos letrados. Aproximaciones al orden de la cultura letrada en el México del siglo XIX" (2017) de Leonardo Martínez Carrizales
Authors: Hernández Bolaños Irma
Published: December 2018

La labor de escritura de Leonardo Martínez Carrizales ha girado en torno a la construcción de la intelectualidad mexicana de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Es autor de obras como La Sal de los enfermos. Caída y convalecencia de Alfonso Reyes. Paris 1913-1914 (2001), Alfonso Reyes-Enrique González Martínez. El tiempo de los patriarcas. Epistolarío 1913-1914 (2002), El recurso de la tradición. Jaime Torres Bodet  ante Rubén Darío y el modernismo (2006); y editor de dos libros colectivos Espacio, presencia y representación (2009) y El orden cultural de la Revolución Mexicana. Sujetos, representaciones, discursos y universos conceptuales (2010). Su última obra, Tribunos letrados. Aproximaciones al orden de la cultura letrada en el México del siglo XIX, representa el resultado de sus andanzas, lecturas y estudios previos sobre la literatura de México del siglo XX, labor marcada por  sus trabajos sobre Alfonso Reyes y la generación del Ateneo.
A Method of Visualizing Velocity and Acceleration Profiles of an Air Target
Authors: BUŻANTOWICZ Witold
Published: December 2018

This article outlines and describes the mathematical foundations for a method of generating ribbon trajectories using the Matlab environment. An example of their application is given, involving the visualization of velocity and acceleration profiles in program modules used for the planning and analysis of the flight paths of air targets
Vibrations and Stability of a Plate in Supersonic Flow Subjected to a Follower Force, and Having a Hinged External Support and a Resilient Attenuation Internal Support
Authors: NOWOTARSKI Idzi
Published: December 2018

The vibrations and stability of a plate having a finite length were considered in a flat supersonic flow, having adopted an assumption that one of the edges of the plate has a hinged support, and the other edge is free. Another support was located in an internal point of the plate and featured resilient attenuation properties. A compressive force, called the follower force, was applied within the plane of the plate in a direction tangent to the deformed surface of the plate. This way, a superficial system was forced in which two independent physical factors occurred and caused its self-excitation. Therefore the superficial system could be termed a ‘double self-excited system’. The solution of the equations of motion for the system was derived with a Laplace transformation.
Defining maritime space typology based on economic land–sea interaction. The case of the Polish Baltic Sea coast
Authors: Szejgiec-Kolenda Barbara , Pardus Joanna , Zaucha Jacek
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the paper is to develop the first land-sea space typology on the basis of key characteristics of its economic use in the Polish conditions. Based on the criterion of exploitation of marine areas and significance of marine economy sectors in coastal municipalities, the following types of marine space have been distinguished: A (areas of particular planning concern for the regions of high intensity of activities both at the land and sea), B (areas of a chance for diversification of economic development based on ecosystem services and abiotic marine areas), W (areas associated with unused inland potential), Z (areas of low intensity of economic land-sea links), and G (areas where the land-sea interaction do not constitute a significant mechanism of spatial development), as well as three intermediate types: AB, WZ i BZ.
The paper analyses both the benefits such as taking into account local characteristics and intensity of economic exploitation of the land and the sea, and the challenges of the methodology to be further developed (data limitations, the problem of determining a distance for interactions). The conclusions explain how maritime space typology based on economic land–sea interaction may influence soft space planning for maritime areas.
Spatial and temporal structure of phytoplankton in 2014-2016 in the Poddabie area on the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Zaboroś Iwona , Mioskowska Marlena
Published: December 2018

In the Baltic Sea, there can be observed seasonal changes of the phytoplankton structure during which the species composition, abundance and phytoplankton biomass change. However, the spatial and temporal variability of individual phytoplankton groups is not the same in all the regions of the Baltic. The only research (and available studies) of phytoplankton in these shallow central sea basin zones is conducted by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMWM) as part of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Monitoring at station P16, which is located closest to the studied area. Therefore, in the years 2014-2016 phytoplankton seasonality studies were carried out, which allowed to supplement data in the area of the central coast of the south Baltic [61]. Based on the above literature, the aim of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial structure and to examine the species composition of phytoplankton occurrence and biodiversity in the Poddabie region from November 2014 till September 2016. The following article presents the results obtained at 3 measuring stations (P1, P2 and P3) in the area of Poddabie. These results confirm typical changes of phytoplankton on 3 measurement stations depending on the season of the year. The collected data for this article is the second part of the three monographs on the area on the central coast of the southern Baltic. It show the exact results of the species composition and seasonal changes of phytoplankton in the Poddabie region. The average values of phytoplankton abundance and biomass were typical for this sort of coastal waters and there were no significant species differences between these stations. Comparing the results obtained in this study with the data from the IMWM annual reports for the last decade, it can be noticed that the volumes and fluctuations of total biomass and phytoplankton abundance in the three analysed areas are in line with trends typical for the South Baltic coastal area
ПЬЕР ДЕ ЛА РАМЕ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФРАНЦУЗСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В XVI ВЕКЕ (НА ОСНОВЕ АНАЛИЗА «ПОСВЯЩЕНИЯ ЕКАТЕРИНЕ МЕДИЧИ» ИЗ ВСТУПИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ «ГРАММАТИКИ» 1572 г, "Средние века"
Authors: Смирнова Ксения Вячеславовна
Published: December 2018

В статье рассматривается один из аспектов становления французского языка как национального на примере отрывка из «Грамматики» 1572 г. философа Пьера де ла Раме. Проблема унификации французского языка занимает одно из ключевых мест в интеллектуальной деятельности образованной части французского общества. Филологи, философы, теологи, врачи и издатели одновременно обращаются к проблемам языка в поисках путей к его «улучшению», для того чтобы французский язык смог составить конкуренцию латыни.
ВКЛАД А. В. БРУШЛИНСКОГО В КРИТИКУ КУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ МЫШЛЕНИЯ, "Методология и история психологии"
Authors: Няголова М. Д.
Published: December 2018

Статья посвящена научному творчеству А. В. Брушлинского. Рассматривается методологическое и историко-психологическое значение его первой научной монографии «Культурно-историческая теория мышления» (1968). Представлены и кратко прокомментированы публикации за последние годы, прослеживающие вклад А. В. Брушлинского в изучение творчества Л. С. Выготского. Проанализирована направленность его основных выводов. Обсуждаются причины отсутствия научного диалога в 60-х годах XX в. с представителями школы Л. С. Выготского и его последователями. Показано, что начало дискуссии вокруг принципов культурно-исторической теории мышления в российской и мировой психологии относится лишь к 1990-м годам. В итоге отмечается, что на протяжении всей жизни А. В. Брушлинский последовательно углубляет и развивает свою критику культурно-исторической теории мышления.
СУБЪЕКТНАЯ ТЕОРИЯ МЫШЛЕНИЯ, "Методология и история психологии"
Authors: Селиванов В.В.
Published: December 2018

В работе рассматриваются основные положения теории А. В. Брушлинского мышления как процесса. Разработка процессуальных характеристик мыслительной активности наряду с операционными и формальными способствовала синтезу этой теории с новой субъектной парадигмой в психологии. В рамках данной субъектной парадигмы категория «субъект» является более широкой, чем категория «личность», личностное является частью субъекта. Современное развитие процессуальной теории мышления привело к выделению восьми компонентов мыслительной активности, от подвижных процессов до субъектных и метакогнитивных свойств. Показано, что процессуальная теория мышления А. В. Брушлинского является субъектной теорией. Субъект проявляется в мышлении через выдвижение прогнозов искомого, формирование мотивации мышления, осознание мыслительного процесса, регуляцию мыслительной активности, постоянное изменение когнитивного плана и микроизменение особенностей личности, творчество. Асубъектность мышления приводит к большинству базовых психических патологий, которые проявляются в перераспределении субъектности с личности на ее части, страху асубъектности, к виктимности - поведению в качестве жертвы, снижению самостоятельности, самодостаточности и т.д. Выдвигается обоснованная экспериментально и теоретически гипотеза о том, что в ходе собственного функционирования субъект через мышление оказывает воздействие на личностные структуры, приводит к их изменениям, динамике. Субъект способен развивать личность (личностное), используя два наиболее мощных средства - деятельность и мышление.
НАУЧНЫЕ И ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ДИСКУССИИ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ЕДИНСТВА СОВЕТСКОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ, "Методология и история психологии"
Authors: Артемьева О.А.
Published: December 2018

В статье обозначается проблема динамики формирования методологического единства советской психологии. Основное внимание уделяется роли научных дискуссий в ее реализации. По итогам анализа философских и науковедческих подходов дискуссии определяются как универсальная характеристика коллективной научной деятельности. На основе историографических материалов истории советской психологии представляются причины, ход и результаты научных и идеологических дискуссий 1920-1950-х гг. о предмете, методах и месте психологии в системе научного знания. Прослеживается динамика историографических представлений советских и постсоветских исследователей Е. А. Будиловой, А. А. Смирнова, А. В. Петровского, М. Г. Ярошевского, В. А. Кольцовой, С. А. Богданчикова и др. Разводятся понятия научной и идеологической дискуссии. Вскрывается амбивалентный характер влияния идеологических дискуссий на развитие психологии в СССР. Делается вывод о значении полемического опыта, накопленного советскими учеными в ходе дискуссий 19201930-х гг., для конструктивного исхода дискуссий в связи с Павловской сессией 1950 г. Как результат научных и идеологических дискуссий 1920-1950-х гг. рассматривается методологическое единство ученых, основанное на общности понимания целей, предмета и методов советской марксистской психологии. Вскрывается парадоксальный характер влияния дискуссий как обусловивших не только прогресс научного познания, но и консервацию, поддержание неких устойчивых методологических характеристик психологии в СССР.
К оценке трендов в компонентах влагообмена океана с атмосферой (на англ.яз.), "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Малинин В.Н. , Гордеева С.М. , Наумов Л. М. , Ершова А. А. , Аверкиев А. С.
Published: December 2018

Приводятся оценки линейных трендов компонентов влагообмена между океаном и атмосферой (испарения, осадков и их разности - эффективного испарения), температуры воздуха, температуры поверхности океана по данным архива Reanalysis-2 и интегрального влагосодержания атмосферы по данным спутникового архива REMSS PMWC за период 1988-2016 гг. Отмечается интенсификация роста компонентов влагообмена начиная с 2012 года. Показано, что количество выпавших осадков над Мировым океаном растет быстрее испарения на 1.1 мм/год, что составляет 35 % от фактического тренда уровня Мирового океана (3.1 мм/год). На основе анализа безразмерных трендов установлено, что тренд во влагосодержании атмосферы почти в два раза превышает тренд в температуре воздуха над Мировым океаном. Это означает, что долговременные (трендовые) изменения влагосодержания зависят, прежде всего, от вертикального влагообмена океана с атмосферой, а не от глобального потепления. С 2012 года рост влагосодержания опережает рост температуры воздуха на 1 год. Поэтому влагосодержание атмосферы является не только ключевым следствием процесса глобального потепления, но и фактором, его формирующим.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ В КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА У БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ПОЧЕК В ТЕРМИНАЛЬНОЙ СТАДИИ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Гордеева Ольга Михайловна , Телепнев Максим Вадимович , Пантелеев Александр Владимирович , Шабалина Ирина Юрьевна , Ларионова Елена Евгеньевна , Черноусова Лариса Николаевна , Лядова Ирина Владимировна , Карпина Наталья Леонидовна
Published: December 2018

Учитывая растущую распространенность хроническую болезнь почек (ХБП) в терминальной стадии, коморбидность ХБП и туберкулеза становится серьезной междисциплинарной медико-социальной и экономической проблемой, так как у больных, получающих заместительную терапию и реципиентов почечного трансплантата повышен риск заболевания туберкулезом. Диагностика туберкулеза у больных ХБП в терминальной стадии представляет значительные трудности, а супрессия клеточно-опосредованного иммунного ответа может снижать информативность иммунологических тестов. Цель исследования: определение диагностической значимости и возможности иммунологических методов в диагностике туберкулеза органов дыхания у больных ХПБ в терминальной стадии. Материалы и методы исследования. Обследовано 37 больных ХБП в терминальной стадии, которые обратились в консультативно-поликлиническое отделение (КПО) ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ» для уточнения диагноза ввиду впервые выявленных изменений в легких и/или интоксикационного синдрома неясного генеза в период с 2010 по 2018 г. По результатам обследования у 18 из 37 больных (48,6%) ХБП в терминальной стадии был верифицирован туберкулез органов дыхания (1 группа). Неспецифические заболевания органов дыхания были диагностированы в 51,4% наблюдений (у 19/37 чел.) (2 группа). Всем больным проводились иммунологические исследования: проба Манту с 2 ТЕ ППД-L, проба с аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным (АТР), T.SPOT.TB, исследование субпопуляций лимфоцитов. Результаты исследования. Анализ результатов проведенных иммунологических исследований показал, что чувствительность теста T.SPOT.TB составила 38,8%, специфичность теста составила 100%. Проведенное нами определение процентного и абсолютного количества лимфоцитов CD4 показало, что данные показатели не отличались у больных ТБ с положительными и отрицательными результатами теста T.SPOT.TB. Чувствительность пробы Манту с 2 ТЕ ППД-L составила 38,8%, а специфичность теста составила 100%. Чувствительность пробы с АТР составила 33%, специфичность пробы - 100%. Заключение. Иммунологические исследования (проба Манту с 2 ТЕ ППД-L, проба с АТР, T.SPOT.TB) могут быть использованы как дополнительные методы диагностики туберкулеза у больных ХБП в терминальной стадии, с учетом их специфичности (100%) и чувствительности (38,8%, 33%, 38,8% соответственно), однако иммунологический статус больных ХБП в терминальной стадии требует дальнейшего изучения.
РОЛЬ ШКОЛЫ БОЛЬНОГО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ В СОЗДАНИИ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКОГО АЛЬЯНСА МЕЖДУ ЛЕЧАЩИМ ВРАЧОМ И ПАЦИЕНТОМ С ЦЕЛЬЮ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТИ К ЛЕЧЕНИЮ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Хомова Наталья Александровна , Ташпулатова Фатима Кудратовна , Белоцерковец Вера Георгиевна , Долгушева Юлия Владимировна , Султанов Санжар Аманович
Published: December 2018

Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение уровня комплаентности у больных туберкулезом (ТБ) легких, а также разработка и оценка эффективности образовательно-информационных программ среди больных противотуберкулезного стационара. Были обследованы 75 пациентов, на момент исследования получавших лечение в терапевтическом отделении легочного туберкулеза № 1 Республиканского специализированного научно-практического медицинского центра фтизиатрии и пульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения Р. Узбекистан. Была создана Школа больного туберкулезом легких и разработаны лекционные занятия, носящие информационный, психологический и мотивационный характер. Было установлено, что организация Школы для пациентов туберкулезных стационаров может способствовать повышению приверженности к терапии и налаживанию взаимодействия между лечащим врачом и пациентом. Количество комплаентных пациентов после проведения Школы возросло вдвое, а количество некомплаентных пациентов сократилось до 0. Также во время проведения исследования нам удалось практически свести к нулю такое явление, как эгротогения (отрицательное влияние одних пациентов на других).
Sustainable and Atomically Dispersed Iron Electrocatalysts Derived from Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorus‐Modified Woody Biomass for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Yahao , Liu Daobin , Gan Jie , Duan Xuezhi , Zang Ketao , Rønning Magnus , Song Li , Luo Jun , Chen De
Published: December 2018

Development of low‐cost, efficient, and robust electrocatalysts to replace precious platinum catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is urgent to boost the applications of green energy devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Herein, a low‐cost, simple, and easy‐to‐scale method to develop sustainable and cost‐effective ORR carbocatalysts via impregnation followed by pyrolysis of different renewable woody biomass is reported. Aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption near edge structure measurements show that the nitrogen‐ and phosphorus‐promoted atomically dispersed iron is mainly responsible for the high ORR activity. Moreover, by a mimic of the natural pine materials derived Fe‐based electrocatalyst, introducing external Fe precursor into the biomass can generate targeted well dispersed Fe complex catalysts, which is not very much dependent on the biomass types. The insights revealed here can shed new light on the development of sustainable and cost‐effective ORR carbocatalysts from biomass.
Are medicare and pharmaceutical benefit scheme services too costly for patients? An epilepsy‐based study
Authors: Peterson Chris L. , Walker Christine
Published: December 2018

Based on evidence of the relationship between socioeconomic inequality and inequalities in health, this study provides an example of how inequality is experienced by a group of people with epilepsy and the impacts of out‐of‐pocket costs (OOPs) on their access to essential healthcare. This study examines healthcare inequity based on socioeconomic disadvantage, demonstrated through a sample of people with epilepsy withOOPfor Medical Benefits Scheme (MBS) services and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) medicines. Wave 3 of the Australian Epilepsy Longitudinal Study was conducted with a community sample of 324 people with epilepsy. Medical Benefits Scheme andPBSdata were collected for 17 per cent of the sample. Level ofMBSandPBS OOPs, proportion of household weekly income and the effects of age, gender and location were analysed.MBS OOPexpenses were generally higher thanPBS. The proportion of weekly household income for the lowest income group was highest for bothMBSandPBS OOPs. Women paid nearly twice the amount ofMBS OOPthan men. Those over 65 years paid far more forMBSandPBS OOPs than younger people. Rural people paid a significantly lower proportion forMBSthan people from the city. In‐depth analysis of 11 people showed that many struggle financially.
Personal care as political activism: Refugee and asylum seeker friendship programmes
Authors: Peterie Michelle
Published: December 2018

Care‐based interventions in situations of injustice are often characterised as separate from political activism. Critics argue that care‐based activities fail to address the causes of suffering, allowing structural issues to go unchallenged. Through an empirical analysis of “irregular maritime arrival” friendship programmes in Australia, this article challenges the binary opposition that has been constructed between the “personal” domain of care work and volunteering, and the “political” realm of activism. It shows that friendship programme volunteers understand their actions as a response to and intervention in a political situation that they find morally reprehensible. It also demonstrates that volunteers see their personal acts of friendship (and not only the recognisably “activist” activities that they sometimes inspire) as politically significant. By claiming irregular maritime arrivals as friends, volunteers seek to challenge representations that see “boat people” as enemies and Others. Furthermore, they provide opportunities for members of their communities to do the same.
Using fluorescent lipids contributes to the active learning of principles underlying lipid signaling
Authors: Peppino Margutti Micaela , Reyna Mercedes , Villasuso Ana L.
Published: December 2018

The concepts of phospholipase activity is often taught in undergraduate biology and biochemistry classes and reinforced in laboratory exercises. However, very rarely does the design of these exercises allow students to directly gain experience in the use of modern instruments such as digital imaging systems and fluorescence spectrophotometers. The laboratory exercise described here involves the use of fluorescent lipids to evaluate phospholipase activity. Students use thin layer chromatography (TLC) to understand how lipids change under different conditions (i.e. abiotic and biotic stress). They explore strategies to separate, visualize and quantify lipids by TLC, digital imaging, and fluorometry. They also have increased opportunities for hands‐on practise with experimental design, liposome sample preparation, and implementation of instrumentation commonly used by experienced researchers; all while learning and applying fundamental concepts about lipids. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(1):100–105, 2018.
Inconsistencies in some common terms and notations in enzymology: Textbook examples and suggestions
Authors: Arya Aditya , Kumar Amit
Published: December 2018

A number of terms have been defined and inconsistently used across various texts in enzymology which may attract the attention of undergraduate students and instructors. At some places, inconsistent use results in confusions as well as leads to the misuse of these terms. Although it is difficult to resolve such inconsistencies, attempts have constantly been made by international regulatory forums such as International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) and other similar organizations to abolish the inconsistencies. This article highlights some of the most commonly occurring confusing and inconsistent terms in enzymology. We have gathered shreds of evidences and provide here possible suggestions and caution for readers and instructors, so that mistakes can be minimized and possible guidelines can be prepared for their usage. A few inconsistencies observed and discussed here include different notations of activation energy, differences in terms uncompetitive and noncompetitive in enzyme inhibition, classification of cofactors and definitions of their sub‐types, and confusing usage of the enzyme‐inhibitor dissociation constant. Besides this, we have also highlighted the inconsistencies in the enzyme nomenclature. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(2): 140–144, 2019.
Effect of oat cultivar on ochratoxin A accumulation following grain inoculation with Penicillium verrucosum
Authors: Dhungana Bandana , Ali Shaukat , Krishnan Padmanaban , Caffe‐Treml Melanie
Published: December 2018

Background and objectives

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a carcinogenic and nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by various Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Cereal grains, including oats, are among the food sources that can be contaminated with OTA. Grains of twelve oat cultivars grown in seven environments were inoculated with P. verrucosum and incubated at 0.90 aw and 22.5°C for 7 weeks. Our objectives were to (a) determine the effect of cultivar and growing environment on OTA contamination in oat grain and (b) identify oat grain characteristics associated with OTA accumulation.

Findings

The effect of the cultivar was significant in two of the environments considered. When data from all seven environments were combined for analysis, significant differences among oat cultivars were also observed. Grain composition and grain physical characteristics were determined to identify characteristics associated with OTA accumulation. We found that test weight, groat percent, the proportion of plump groats, and groat oil content were significantly correlated with the level of OTA accumulation in the grains.

Conclusions

Significant differences among genotypes for level of OTA accumulation suggest that cultivars with lower levels of OTA accumulation can be used to help mitigate risks of OTA contamination in oat grain.

Significance and novelty

This study is the first to report differences among oat cultivars for OTA accumulation.
Gross image of vasa previa restored in the postpartum period
Authors: Matsuzaki Shinya , Kakigano Aiko , Mimura Kazuya , Nagase Yoshikazu , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical Message

Vasa previa has been represented in many reports only by images of the placenta with velamentous cord insertion after delivery. Our image of the restored membranous vessels with an intact membrane of the uterine lower segment is educational and should help readers to visualize vasa previa.
Novel insights into the glia limitans of the olfactory nervous system
Authors: Nazareth Lynn , Chen Mo , Shelper Todd , Shah Megha , Tello Velasquez Johana , Walkden Heidi , Beacham Ifor , Batzloff Michael , Rayfield Andrew , Todorovic Michael , Beagley Kenneth W. , St John James A. , Ekberg Jenny A. K.
Published: December 2018

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are often described as being present in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems (PNS and CNS). Furthermore, the olfactory nervous system glia limitans (the glial layer defining the PNS–CNS border) is considered unique as it consists of intermingling OECs and astrocytes. In contrast, the glia limitans of the rest of the nervous system consists solely of astrocytes which create a distinct barrier to Schwann cells (peripheral glia). The ability of OECs to interact with astrocytes is one reason why OECs are believed to be superior to Schwann cells for transplantation therapies to treat CNS injuries. We have used transgenic reporter mice in which glial cells express DsRed fluorescent protein to study the cellular constituents of the glia limitans. We found that the glia limitans layer of the olfactory nervous system is morphologically similar to elsewhere in the nervous system, with a similar low degree of intermingling between peripheral glia and astrocytes. We found that the astrocytic layer of the olfactory bulb is a distinct barrier to bacterial infection, suggesting that this layer constitutes the PNS–CNS immunological barrier. We also found that OECs interact with astrocytes in a similar fashion as Schwann cells in vitro. When cultured in three dimensions, however, there were subtle differences between OECs and Schwann cells in their interactions with astrocytes. We therefore suggest that glial fibrillary acidic protein–reactive astrocyte layer of the olfactory bulb constitutes the glia limitans of the olfactory nervous system and that OECs are primarily “PNS glia.”