bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARCHITECTURAL HISTORICAL HERITAGE: A TRIDIMENSIONAL MULTILAYERS CATALOGUING METHOD
Authors: Calisi D. , Tommasetti A. , Topputo R.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. In the Future the digital filing system will be the method for storing and cataloguing heritages, private assets and arts collections. Today this elaborate process is confined only to the library, painting or parietal heritage. What is missing is a digitalized acquisition of the architectural heritage, which is described at multiple levels of representation. Taking a critical look at the urban setting until you reach the single buildings in their complexity, there is a clear need to establish an open and up-to-date system in order to communicate the different degrees of interaction with the architectural elements that must be preserved and accessed to like a work of art. The breakdown and cataloguing at tridimensional levels affects the different scales of the representation of the city at the stage of stimulating and interactive fruition for those users interested in historical and cognitive research and at the stage of active and project implementation well. The hierarchy of layers of data storage city based should be lived and experienced on a superficial stage as a simple user of the knowledge offered by the digital language of animation and interactivity. It may be the case of a tourist or a citizen who is eager to deepen his awareness of a building, a neighbourhood together with its layering of history and architectural value. This article proposes the development of a database that will be used and extended from time to time with new information related to surveys, projects and restorations of the existing.
THE ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM SIARCH3D-UNIVAQ FOR ANALYSIS AND PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Centofanti M. , Continenza R. , Brusaporci S. , Trizio I.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The research group of L'Aquila University defined a procedure to create an architectonical Information System called SIArch- Univaq. This information system can be integrated with "Risk Map" Italian database. The SIArch-Univaq is based on importation of architectonical three-dimensional photorealistic models in GIS environment. 3D models are realised according to building constructive elements, derived by a critical architectonic surveying; the importation of models into GIS allows the interrogation of the constructive elements (i.e. beam, window, door, etc.): this favour the knowledge of the architectonical heritage, indispensable requirement to plan processes of restoration, maintenance and management.
Cropping Systems Dynamics in the Lower Gangetic Plains of India using Geospatial Technologies
Authors: Manjunath K. R. , Kundu N. , Ray S. S. , Panigrahy S. , Parihar J. S.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Cropping system study is useful to understand the overall sustainability of agricultural system. Capturing the change dynamics of cropping systems, especially spatial and temporal aspects, is of utmost importance in overall planning and management of natural resources. This paper highlights the remote sensing based cropping systems change-dynamics assessment. Current study is aimed at use of multidate-multisensor data for deriving the seasonal cropping pattern maps and deriving the remote sensing based cropping system performance indicators during 1998–99 and 2004–05 in West- Bengal state of India. The temporal assessment of the changes of cropping systems components such as cropping pattern and indices for the study years 1998–99 and 2004–05 have been brought out. The results indicate that during the six years of time the kharif cropping pattern has almost remained the same, being a rice dominant system. A notable point is the decrease in the aus rice due to readjusting the cropping system practice to suit the two crop systems in many places was observed. Marginal variations in mustard and wheat areas during rabi season was observed. The boro (summer) rice area has almost remained constant. The rice-fallow-fallow (R-F-F) rotation reduced by about 4 percent while the rice-fallow-rice (R-F-R) increased by about 7 percent percent. The Area Diversity Index reduced by about 38 percent in 2004 which may be attributed to decrease in kharif pulses and minor crops during kharif and summer. However, diversity during rabi season continued to remain high. The increase in Multiple Cropping Index was observed predominantly in the southern part of the state. Cultivated Land Utilization Index shows an increase by about 0.05.
Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Residue Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples by GC/MS
Authors: Ozcan Senar , Tor Ali , Aydin Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2012

This paper describes a novel magnetic-SPE method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water samples by use of Fe3O4-magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with oleic acid followed by GC/MS. The chemisorption of oleic acid onto Fe3O4-MNPs provides reusability of the developed sorbent materials several times. The effects of different parameters such as pH, desorption solvent, contact time, temperature, ionic strength, and sorbent dosage on the efficiency of magnetic-SPE were investigated. The optimized SPE method involved shaking 50 mL of water sample (pH 4) with 50 mg oleic acid coated Fe3O4-MNPs for 1 h, isolating the sorbent with an Nd-Fe-B magnet, and eluting the OCPs with methanol. An ionic strength of 0.1 M and temperature of 15°C provided the maximum extraction efficiency. The LOQs were in the range of 0.006 to 0.048 μg/L. For three fortification levels, recoveries were in the range of 44–108%, with RSD <5%. The developed SPE method was successfully applied to real water samples, and it is viable, rapid, and easy to use for analysis of OCPs in water samples.
Política e tempo presente na historiografia das ditaduras do Cone Sul da América Latina
Authors: Ramírez Hernán
Published: September 2012

Neste artigo, abordamos a relação entre política e tempo presente que se estabeleceu em torno da produção historiográfica sobre as ditaduras do Cone Sul da América Latina. Interessa-nos particularmente analisar as formas como o presente vivido pelos pesquisadores e a sua relação com a política interferiram na pesquisa desses processos, e ainda salientar como esses estudos embasavam alguns atos da práxis e interferiam, em certa medida, nos próprios fatos históricos, relação dialética que igualmente foi determinante para dar forma ao campo de estudos da História, não apenas incorporando um novo recorte temporal, mas também novos problemas e fontes, ampliando e diversificando suas perspectivas e seus diálogos transdisciplinares, especialmente em torno dos dilemas metodológicos que trouxeram a incorporação de assuntos nos quais os próprios pesquisadores estão envolvidos de múltiplas maneiras, algumas diretas outras indiretamente, questões que soem ser obviadas nas pesquisas com objetos mais distantes, discussão que não apenas é válida, mas imprescindível.
Reflexões sobre a operação historiográfica: diálogos e aproximações possíveis
Authors: Lopes Fábio Henrique
Published: September 2012

Este artigo estabelece diálogo e convergência entre historiadores e historiadoras que refletem sobre a operação historiográfica, sobretudo em nosso tempo presente. O objetivo é identificar e analisar as implicações políticas do fazer histórico, os limites e desafios desse saber, bem como as referências epistemológicas que orientam a produção do conhecimento historiográfico. Por fim, ressalta o duplo desafio de libertar a História de seus antigos programas e de oferecer novas problematizações para o presente.
As palavras que cabem no trânsito da vida: memórias de Ariel Dorfman
Authors: Elmir Cláudio Pereira
Published: September 2012

O artigo analisa o livro Uma vida em trânsito. Memórias de um homem entre duas culturas (1998), do intelectual americano Ariel Dorfman. Com base na leitura de seu livro de memórias, procuramos verificar de que maneira o autor constrói, tendo por base a sua trajetória de vida e a de sua família, o bilinguismo que caracteriza este mesmo percurso. Pela constituição de suas múltiplas identidades, nem sempre excludentes, Dorfman traça, por meio das migrações que sempre estiveram em seu horizonte de vida, as razões da aproximação de um homem vinculado a projetos de esquerda na América Latina com as referências culturais norte-americanas.
Nova Varsóvia, laboratório de ocupação ou ninho de terroristas?: a Faixa de Gaza e a vida nua
Authors: Sahd Fábio Bacila
Published: September 2012

A partir de 2005, quando o governo israelense retirou seus colonos e militares da Faixa de Gaza, o território palestino foi cada vez mais isolado e cercado e seus habitantes submetidos a punições coletivas e a morte violenta. A política securitária de Israel em relação à Faixa, adotada oficialmente para coibir o terrorismo palestino, tem culminado em um longo sofrimento para a população local como um todo, que vê suas condições de vida se deteriorarem com uma privação generalizada de serviços e bens básicos. Destituindo-se do discurso oficial simplificador da guerra contra o terror, nesse contexto no qual a violência foi ainda mais banalizada, busca-se analisar a pertinência de considerar Gaza pelos conceitos que pensam a política na modernidade, como imunitas, campo e homo sacer. O artigo apresenta sucintamente esses conceitos verificando, com base em testemunhos e relatórios de organizações não governamentais, sua contribuição à compreensão do caso específico.
A guerra ao terror e a privatização da força: uma primeira análise do uso de companhias militares privadas nas intervenções estadunidenses no pós-onze de setembro
Authors: Costa Priscila Borba da
Published: September 2012

O presente artigo realiza uma breve análise histórica sobre as companhias militares privadas e sua progressiva presença nas intervenções militares promovidas pelos Estados Unidos desde o fim da Guerra Fria. A partir de um recorte específico, o período da “Guerra ao Terror” promovida pelo governo Bush, o presente estudo propõe uma análise preliminar sobre as principais companhias militares em atuação hoje, os limites regulatórios das companhias militares privadas, os interesses por trás da crescente utilização deste tipo de serviço e os desafios para compreensão deste fenômeno na formatação dos assuntos militares no século XXI.
Vargas e sua herança: a importância de se discutir a década de 1950 e a obra de Ângela de Castro Gomes
Authors: Vasconcellos Felipe de Sousa Lima
Published: September 2012

Resenha do livro Vargas e a crise dos anos 50, organizado por Ângela de Castro Gomes.
Does Fibrin Sealant Reduce Seroma after Immediate Breast Reconstruction Utilizing a Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap?
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Kang Sang Gue , Shin Ho Seong , Kang Moon Seok , Nam Seung Min
Published: September 2012

Background The most common complication of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction is seroma formation in the back. Many clinical studies have shown that fibrin sealant reduces seroma formation. We investigated any statistically significant differences in postoperative drainage and seroma formation when utilizing the fibrin sealant on the site of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap harvested for immediate breast reconstruction after skin-sparing partial mastectomy.

Methods A total of 46 patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction utilizing a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap. Of those, 23 patients underwent the procedure without fibrin sealant and the other 23 were administered the fibrin sealant. All flaps were elevated with manual dissection by the same surgeon and were analyzed to evaluate the potential benefits of the fibrin sealant. The correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyzing the drainage volume according to age, weight of the breast specimen, and body mass index.

Results Although not statistically significant, the cumulative drainage fluid volume was higher in the control group until postoperative day 2 (530.1 mL compared to 502.3 mL), but the fibrin sealant group showed more drainage beginning on postoperative day 3. The donor site comparisons showed the fibrin sealant group had more drainage beginning on postoperative day 3 and the drain was removed 1 day earlier in the control group.

Conclusions The use of fibrin sealant resulted in no reduction of seroma formation. Because the benefits of the fibrin sealant are not clear, the use of fibrin sealant must be fully discussed with patients before its use as a part of informed consent.
METS as an 'Intermediary' Schema for a Digital Library of Complex Scientific Multimedia
Authors: Gartner Richard
Published: September 2012

The use of the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) schema as a mechanism for delivering a digital library of complex scientific multimedia is examined as an alternative to the Fedora Content Model (FCM). Using METS as an 'intermediary' schema, where it functions as a template which is populated with content metadata on-the-fly using an XSLT transformation, it is possible to replicate the flexibility of structure and granularity of FCM while avoiding its complexity and often substantial demands on developers.
Modular Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels for Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Singh Anirudha , Zhan Jianan , Ye Zhaoyang , Elisseeff Jennifer H.
Published: September 2012

Synthetic polymers are employed to create highly defined microenvironments with controlled biochemical and biophysical properties for cell culture and tissue engineering. Chemical modification is required to input biological or chemical ligands, which often changes the fundamental structural properties of the material. Here, a simple modular biomaterial design strategy is reported that employs functional cyclodextrin nanobeads threaded onto poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer necklaces to form multifunctional hydrogels. Nanobeads with desired chemical or biological functionalities can be simply threaded onto the PEG chains to form hydrogels, creating an accessible platform for users. The design and synthesis of these multifunctional hydrogels are described, structure‐property relationships are elucidated, and applications ranging from stem cell culture and differentiation to tissue engineering are demonstrated.
Endosomolytic Anionic Polymer for the Cytoplasmic Delivery of siRNAs in Localized In Vivo Applications
Authors: Khormaee Sariah , Choi Yong , Shen Michael J. , Xu Biying , Wu Haitao , Griffiths Gary L. , Chen Rongjun , Slater Nigel K. H. , Park John K.
Published: September 2012

The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to down‐regulate the expression of disease‐associated proteins carries significant promise for the treatment of a variety of clinical disorders. One of the main barriers to the widespread clinical use of siRNAs, however, is their entrapment and degradation within the endolysosomal pathway of target cells. Here, the trafficking and function of PP75, a nontoxic, biodegradable, lipid membrane disruptive anionic polymer composed of phenylalanine derivatized poly(L‐lysine isophthalamide) is reported. PP75 is readily endocytosed by cells, safely permeabilizes endolysosomes in a pH dependent manner and facilitates the transfer of co‐endocytosed materials directly into the cytoplasm. The covalent attachment of siRNAs to PP75 using disulfide linkages generates conjugates that effectively traffic siRNAs to the cytoplasm of target cells both in vitro and in vivo. In a subcutaneous malignant glioma tumor model, a locally delivered PP75‐stathmin siRNA conjugate decreases stathmin expression in tumor cells and, in combination with the nitrosourea chemotherapy carmustine, is highly effective at inhibiting tumor growth. PP75 may be clinically useful for the local delivery of siRNAs, in particular for the treatment of solid tumors.
Quantum Dot Based Heterostructures for Unassisted Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Rodenas Pau , Song Taesup , Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu , Marzari Gabriela , Han Hyungkyu , Badia‐Bou Laura , Gimenez Sixto , Fabregat‐Santiago Francisco , Mora‐Sero Ivan , Bisquert Juan , Paik Ungyu , Kang Yong Soo
Published: September 2012

TiO2 hollow nanowires (HNWs) and nanoparticles (NPs) constitute promising architectures for QDs sensitized photoanodes for H2 generation. We sensitize these structures with CdS/CdSe quantum dots by two different methods (chemical bath deposition, CBD and succesive ionic layer adsorption and reaction, SILAR) and evaluate the performance of these photoelectrodes. Remarkable photocurrents of 4 mA·cm and 8 mA·cm−2 and hydrogen generation rates of 40 ml·cm−2·day−1 and 80 ml·cm−2·day−1 have been obtained in a three electrode configuration with sacrificial hole scavengers (Na2S and Na2SO3), for HNWs and NPs respectively, which is confirmed through gas analysis. More importantly, autonomous generation of H2 (20 ml·cm−2·day−1 corresponding to 2 mA·cm−2 photocurrent) is obtained in a two electrode configuration at short circuit under 100 mW·cm−2 illumination, clearly showing that these photoanodes can produce hydrogen without the assistance of any external bias. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the highest unbiased solar H2 generation rate reported for these of QDs based heterostructures. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show similar electron density of trap states below the TiO2 conduction band while the recombination resistance was higher for HNWs, consistently with the much lower surface area compared to NPs. However, the conductivity of both structures is similar, in spite of the one dimensional character of HNWs, which leaves some room for improvement of these nanowired structures. The effect of the QDs deposition method is also evaluated. Both structures show remarkable stability without any appreciable photocurrent loss after 0.5 hour of operation. The findings of this study constitute a relevant step towards the feasibility of hydrogen generation with wide bandgap semiconductors/quantum dots based heterostructures.
Unexpected Improved Performance of ALD Coated LiCoO2/Graphite Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jung Yoon Seok , Lu Peng , Cavanagh Andrew S. , Ban Chunmei , Kim Gi‐Heon , Lee Se‐Hee , George Steven M. , Harris Stephen J. , Dillon Anne C.
Published: September 2012

The performance of Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings for LiCoO2/natural graphite (LCO/NG) batteries is investigated, where various permutations of the electrodes are coated in a full battery. Coating both electrodes with ∼1 nm of alumina as well as coating only the LCO (positive electrode) enables improved performance when cycling at high voltage, where the LCO is known to degrade. However, we found that coating only the NG (negative electrode) also improves the performance of the whole battery when cycling at high voltage. Under these conditions, the uncoated LCO (positive electrode) should degrade quickly, and the NG should be unaffected. A variety of characterization techniques show the surface reactions that occur on the negative electrode and positive electrode are related, resulting in the enhanced performance of the uncoated LCO.
Laboratory studies of the impact of calcite on in vitro and in vivo effects of coal dust: A potential preventive agent for coal workers' pneumoconiosis?
Authors: Aladdin Meena , Jian Jinlong , Yang Qing , Chen Lung‐Chi , Finkelman Robert B. , Huang Xi
Published: September 2012

Background

Bioavailable iron (BAI) in coal, which may play a key role in causing coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), is present at relatively high levels in Appalachian coals. Calcite decreases BAI and is more plentiful in Western coals than in Appalachian coals, possibly explaining the lower CWP prevalence among Western miners.

Methods

We measured effects of calcite on BAI in non‐cellular and cellular systems involving Pennsylvania (PA) coal dust. We also tested in vivo effects of calcite on transferrin receptor and markers of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation in mice exposed to PA coal.

Results

Calcite rapidly eliminated BAI in an aqueous suspension of PA coal. Ferritin induction in human lung epithelial cells exposed to PA coal was effectively eliminated by calcite. Mouse lung tissue markers indicated increased EMT after exposure to PA coal dust, but not after exposure to PA coal plus calcite. Markers of inflammation increased following exposure to PA coal alone, but not following exposure to PA coal plus calcite.

Conclusion

Additional research may lead to the use of supplemental calcite in coal mining as a safe and effective way to prevent CWP among Appalachian coal miners. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:292–299, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of long‐term outcome in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta
Authors: Bermel Robert A. , You Xiaojun , Foulds Pamela , Hyde Robert , Simon Jack H. , Fisher Elizabeth , Rudick Richard A.
Published: September 2012

Objective:

To identify early predictors of long‐term outcomes in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with intramuscular (IM) interferon beta‐1a (IFNβ‐1a).

Methods:

A multicenter, observational, 15‐year follow‐up study of patients who completed ≥2 years in the pivotal trial of IM IFNβ‐1a for RRMS was conducted. One hundred thirty‐six patients participated in the 15‐year follow‐up (69 originally randomized to IM IFNβ‐1a and 67 to placebo). After the 2‐year clinical trial, treatment was not regulated by study protocol. Disease activity during the 2‐year trial was defined as: ≥2 gadolinium‐enhancing lesions (cumulative) on year 1 and/or year 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); ≥3 new T2 lesions on year 2 MRI compared to baseline; and ≥2 relapses over 2 years. Odds ratios were calculated for early disease activity predicting severe Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) worsening (worst quartile of change, ≥4.5 EDSS points) during the 15‐year interval.

Results:

The proportion of patients experiencing early disease activity was lower in patients on IM IFNβ‐1a than placebo for all disease activity markers (range, 23.5–29.0% vs 41.0–45.5%). In the IM IFNβ‐1a group, persistent disease activity predicted severe EDSS worsening: gadolinium‐enhancing lesions (odds ratio [OR], 8.96; p < 0.001); relapses (OR, 4.44; p = 0.010); and new T2 lesions (OR, 2.90; p = 0.080). In placebo patients, early disease activity was not as strongly associated with long‐term outcomes (OR range, 1.53–2.62; p = 0.069–0.408).

Interpretation:

Disease activity despite treatment with IFNβ is associated with unfavorable long‐term outcomes. Particular attention should be paid to gadolinium‐enhancing lesions on IFNβ therapy, as their presence strongly correlates with severe disability 15 years later. The results provide rationale for monitoring IFNβ‐treated patients with MRI, and for changing therapy in patients with active disease. ANN NEUROL 2013.
Disease‐specific and inflammation‐independent stromal alterations in spondylarthritis synovitis
Authors: Yeremenko Nataliya , Noordenbos Troy , Cantaert Tineke , van Tok Melissa , van de Sande Marleen , Cañete Juan D. , Tak Paul P. , Baeten Dominique
Published: September 2012

Objective

The molecular processes driving the distinct patterns of synovial inflammation and tissue remodeling in spondylarthritis (SpA) as compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel and unsuspected disease‐specific pathways in SpA by a systematic and unbiased synovial gene expression analysis.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes were identified by pan‐genomic microarray and confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses of synovial tissue biopsy samples from patients with SpA (n = 63), RA (n = 28), and gout (n = 9). The effect of inflammation on gene expression was assessed by stimulating fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) with synovial fluid and by analysis of synovial tissue samples at weeks 0 and 12 of etanercept treatment.

Results

Using very stringent statistical thresholds, microarray analysis identified 64 up‐regulated transcripts in patients with SpA synovitis as compared to those with RA synovitis. Pathway analysis revealed a robust myogene signature in this gene set. The myogene signature was technically and biologically reproducible, was specific for SpA, and was independent of disease duration, treatment, and SpA subtype (nonpsoriatic versus psoriatic). Synovial tissue staining identified the myogene expressing cells as vimentin‐positive, prolyl 4‐hydroxylase β–positive, CD90+, and CD146+ mesenchymal cells that were significantly overrepresented in the intimal lining layer and synovial sublining of inflamed SpA synovium. Neither in vitro exposure to synovial fluid from inflamed SpA joints nor in vivo blockade of tumor necrosis factor modulated the SpA‐specific myogene signature.

Conclusion

These data identify a novel and disease‐specific myogene signature in SpA synovitis. The fact that this stromal alteration appeared not to be downstream of local inflammation warrants further analysis of its functional role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Active Noise Control and its Application to Snore Noise Cancellation
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Yuan , Pan Shing‐Tai , Liao Kuo‐Chun
Published: September 2012

An active noise control (ANC) system with a digital signal processor (DSP) is proposed for snoring noise cancellation. The ANC system applies the filtered‐X least mean square (FXLMS) method to generate anti‐snoring noise by estimating the secondary path and then adaptively tuning the weights of the finite‐length impulse response (FIR) filter. By interfering with noise, the anti‐snoring noise signals help to create a silent zone around the snorer. Several experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Association of copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) genes with nonsyndromic myelomeningocele
Authors: Kase Benjamin A. , Northrup Hope , Morrison Alanna C. , Davidson Christina M. , Goiffon Amanda M. , Fletcher Jack M. , Ostermaier Kathryn K. , Tyerman Gayle H. , Au Kit Sing
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND

A common and severe neural tube defect (NTD) phenotype, myelomeningocele (MM), results from the defective closure of the caudal end of the neural tube with herniation of the spinal cord and meninges through the vertebral column. The exact mechanisms for NTDs are unknown, but excessive oxidative stress, particularly in association with maternal diabetes, has been postulated as a mechanism for MM.

Methods

The SNPlex Genotyping (ABI, Foster City, CA) platform was used to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and 2 genes to assess their association with MM risk. The study population included 329 trio (affected child and both parents) and 281 duo (affected child and one parent) families. Only cases with documented MM were studied. Seventeen SNPs across the SOD1 and SOD2 genes met the quality‐control criteria to be considered for statistical analysis. Genetic association was assessed using the family‐based transmission disequilibrium test in PLINK (a genome association analysis toolset).

RESULTS

Four SNPs in the SOD1 gene (rs 202446, rs202447, rs4816405, and rs2070424) and one SNP in the SOD2 gene (s 5746105) appeared to be associated with MM risk in our population. After adjusting for multiple testing, these SNPs remained significant.

CONCLUSION

This study provides the first genetic evidence to support association of myelomeningocele with superoxide scavenging. The rare alleles of the five specific SNPs within SOD1 and SOD2 appear to confer a protective effect on the susceptibility for MM risk in the MM population tested. Further evaluation of the roles of superoxide scavenging and neural tube development is warranted. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of resection of primary midgut carcinoid tumour in patients with unresectable liver metastases
Authors: Capurso G , Rinzivillo M , Bettini R , Boninsegna L , Fave G Delle , Falconi M
Published: September 2012

Background

Surgery for small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) is limited by metastatic disease in most patients. However, resection of the primary lesion alone has been advocated in patients with unresectable liver metastases. The present systematic review investigated the value of surgical resection of the primary lesion in patients with unresectable metastatic disease.

Methods

MEDLINE was searched for studies reporting the outcome of patients with SI-NETs and unresectable liver metastases where there was an explicit comparison between resection of the primary lesion alone and no resection. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were progression-free survival, treatment-related mortality and relief of symptoms.

Results

Meta-analysis was not possible, but six studies were analysed qualitatively to highlight useful information. Possible confounders in these studies were the inclusion of patients with other primary tumour sites, unknown primary tumour or non-metastatic disease. Bearing in mind these limitations, there was a clear trend towards longer survival in patients who underwent surgical resection in all studies; their median overall survival ranged from 75 to 139 months compared with 50–88 months in patients who did not have resection. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in three studies. Data on symptomatic improvement were scarce and did not suggest a clear benefit of surgery. Surgery-related mortality seemed low.

Conclusion

Available data suggest a possible benefit of resection of the primary lesion in patients with unresectable liver metastases, but the studies have several limitations and the results should therefore be considered with caution.
Sustainable Development in Retailing: What is the Impact on Store Choice?
Authors: Hampl Nina , Loock Moritz
Published: September 2012

Sustainability is gaining ground in the food retail industry. But empirical studies on sustainable development in retailing are rare when it comes to highlighting the customer's perspective. This paper investigates the impact of sustainability initiatives on store choice. We report from a web‐based conjoint experiment with 153 customers from Austria, Germany and Switzerland and investigate 1224 choice‐decisions conducted between June and October 2009. We find that sustainability is more than a soft topic and has a hard impact on customers’ store choice. In particular we show that price is not of paramount importance when it comes to store choice, and if retailers consider different sustainability measures they can have a positive impact on store choice. We propose that retailers incorporate matters of sustainability in general management and performance‐oriented management. Further, more detailed implications apply. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Assessing the Comprehensiveness of Supply Chain Environmental Strategies
Authors: Comas Martí Joana M. , Seifert Ralf W.
Published: September 2012

As environmental awareness grows, firms are expected to expand the scope of their environmental strategies beyond organisational boundaries and to address more comprehensively environmental issues in their supply chains and product life cycles. Drawing on different literature streams, international standards and corporate disclosure, this paper presents a conceptual framework for the quantitative assessment of the comprehensiveness of firms' environmental strategies. This framework allows us to capture: (i) the environmental inputs and outputs addressed, (ii) the firm versus supply chain orientation of environmental strategies, and (iii) the environmental management practices adopted by companies. We illustrate the application of this framework with a content analysis of corporate sustainability reports for a cross‐sectoral sample of sustainability leaders. Our results indicate that there is a need for greater specificity in environmental reporting and that, overall, companies remain firm‐oriented. It is also observed that supply chain orientation can generally be associated with stakeholder pressure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Environmental Performance, Environmental Risk and Risk Management
Authors: Dobler Michael , Lajili Kaouthar , Zéghal Daniel
Published: September 2012

Environmental performance, environmental risk and risk management are of contemporary interest, but to date there is limited evidence on their relationships. This paper is the first to provide detailed insights by adopting a content analysis approach and disaggregating firm‐level environmental risk into types related to regulations, operations and nature. For a sample of US firms in polluting sectors, descriptive findings show that the level of risk and the likelihood of active risk management differ in the type considered. Environmental performance, risk and the likelihood of risk management all differ across firms and industries. Multiple regressions reveal a negative association between environmental performance and environmental risk, the extent of which depends on the type of risk. Results hold when controlling for active risk management, which is not found to contribute significantly to environmental performance. Our findings have implications for public policy and suggest that linkages to environmental risk and risk management are worth exploring in more differential ways and beyond industry‐level assessments in environmental studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Evidence in Court: Witness Preparation and Cross‐Examination Style Effects on Adult Witness Accuracy
Authors: Wheatcroft Jacqueline M. , Ellison Louise E.
Published: September 2012

Witnesses play a clear and pivotal role in the criminal justice system and there is an obvious public interest in identifying procedures that both undermine and maximize the quality of evidence received by the criminal courts. This paper reports an investigation into the effects of witness familiarization and cross‐examination type on adult witness accuracy that situates outcomes in both legal and psychological context. 60 mock witnesses observed a crime event and each witness was then cross‐examined by a practising barrister in a moot courtroom according to two conditions – either via a scripted complex version of cross‐examination or by a simpler but equivalent scripted examination. Mock witnesses were also allocated to two further conditions – half the participants received a guidance booklet on cross‐examination and the other half received no familiarization to the process. Study outcomes showed that familiarization of witnesses to cross‐examination processes increased accurate responses and reduced errors. The guidance seemingly allowed accessibility to cognitive information that enabled witnesses to process information more effectively. On this basis, advance written information about the nature of the cross‐examination and potentially misleading tactics used by advocates could help to immunize against negative lawyerly influence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insertion of an H‐Bonding Residue into the Distal Pocket of the Ferriheme Protein Nitrophorin 4: Effect on NitriteIron Coordination and Nitrite Disproportionation
Authors: He Chunmao , Ogata Hideaki , Knipp Markus
Published: September 2012

Heme proteins are important entities for the metabolism of nitrite. Inspection of the structural features of the reported hemoproteinnitrite crystal structures reveals that, except for nitrophorin 4 (NP4), H‐bonding to the nitrite ligand is accomplished via histidine or arginine residues. These H‐bonds probably play an important role for the nitrite coordination and/or reactivities. In nitrophorins, which catalyze the nitrite disproportionation reaction, such a residue is missing. Here, we report on the L130R mutant of the NP isoprotein NP4 that provides the Arg130 residue as part of the flexible GH loop as a potential H‐bonding residue in the distal heme pocket. Similar to the wild‐type protein, nitrite remains N‐bonded in the crystal structure of NP4(L130R). However, spectroscopic investigations show that, in solution, a second ligand‐rotational orientation exists, which is in fast‐exchange equilibrium with the normal, parallel ligand orientation. Moreover, the nitrite disproportionation is inhibited in NP4(L130R). Comparison with another, also less active mutant NP4(D30N) suggests that the displacement of H2O molecules from the heme cavity prevents the proton donation pathway through Asp30.
Microbial Metalloproteomes Explored Using MIRAGE
Authors: Sevcenco Ana‐Maria , Hagen Wilfred R. , Hagedoorn Peter‐Leon
Published: September 2012

Metalloproteomics is a rapidly developing field of science that involves the comprehensive analysis of all metal‐containing or metal‐binding proteins in a biological sample. The purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the research involving Metal Isotope native RadioAutography in Gel Electrophoresis (MIRAGE), a powerful new method to visualize and study the proteome of a particular metal ion. MIRAGE involves four steps: i) labelling of target proteins with a radioisotope; ii) separation of intact holo‐proteins using native isoelectric focusing (1D) combined with Blue Native PAGE (2D); iii) spot visualization and quantification using autoradiography; and iv) protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry. MIRAGE Investigations of the soluble Cu, Zn, and Fe metalloproteomes of Escherichia coli, and of the soluble Mo and W proteomes of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus are reviewed.
Electrochemical Investigations of Tau Protein Phosphorylations and Interactions with Pin1
Authors: Martić Sanela , Beheshti Samaneh , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard , Litchfield David W.
Published: September 2012

Phosphorylation of Tau by the protein kinase GSK‐3β was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of immobilized Tau on gold surfaces. As a result of Tau phosphorylation, the film resistance decreases significantly due to conformational changes and reorganization of the immobilized phosphorylated Tau (pTau) protein, which in turn enables the interactions of pTau with the peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase, Pin1. Interactions are specific to phospho‐Ser (pSer) and phospho‐Thr (pThr) residues of pTau. Impedance changes occurred as a function of pTauPin1 interactions and are related to the amount of Pin1 bound, which resulted in an increase of the charge‐transfer resistance, RCT. Our results clearly indicate that the isomerase Pin1 interacts favorably with pSer/pThr‐Pro residues in Tau, but does not bind non‐phosphorylated Tau or phospho‐Tyr residues in Tau films. Our study demonstrates the utility of electrochemical impedance studies to probe protein modifications and biomolecular interactions.
Ligand‐Incorporation Site in 5‐Methylcytosine‐Detection Probe Modulating the Site of Osmium Complexation with the Target DNA
Authors: Sugizaki Kaori , Nakamura Akiko , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: September 2012

ICON Probes, short DNA strands containing an adenine linked to a bipyridine ligand, formed an interstrand cross‐link with 5‐methylcytosine located opposite the modified adenine in the presence of an osmium oxidant. The location of a bipyridine‐tethered adenine in the probes varied the selectivity of the reactive base. An ICON probe where the modified adenine was located at the probe center showed a 5‐methylcytosine‐selective osmium complexation, whereas an ICON probe with the modified adenine at the strand end exhibited high reactivity towards thymine as well as 5‐methylcytosine. The modulation of reactive bases by the incorporation of a bipyridine‐tethered adenine site made facilitates design of ICON probes for the fluorometric detection of 5‐methylcytosine.
A Dynamic C‐Terminal Segment in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mn/Fe R2lox Protein Can Adopt a Helical Structure with Possible Functional Consequences
Authors: Andersson Charlotta S. , Berthold Catrine L. , Högbom Martin
Published: September 2012

Mycobacterium tuberculosis R2‐like ligand‐binding oxidase (MtR2lox) belongs to a recently discovered group of proteins that are homologous to the ribonucleotide reductase R2 proteins. MtR2lox carries a heterodinuclear Mn/Fe cofactor and, unlike R2 proteins, a large ligand‐binding cavity. A unique tyrosine‐valine cross link is also found in the vicinity of the active site. To date, all known structures of R2 and R2lox proteins show a disordered C‐terminal segment. Here, we present two new crystal forms of MtR2lox, revealing an ordered helical C‐terminal. The ability of alternating between an ordered and disordered state agrees well with bioinformatic analysis of the protein sequence. Interestingly, ordering of the C‐terminal helix shields a large positively charged patch on the protein surface, potentially used for interaction with other cellular components. We hypothesize that the dynamic C‐terminal segment may be involved in control of protein function in vivo.
A Synthetic Pathway for an Unsymmetrical N5O2 Heptadentate Ligand and Its Heterodinuclear Iron(III)Zinc(II) Complex: A Biomimetic Model for the Purple Acid Phosphatases
Authors: Xavier Fernando R. , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Neves Ademir
Published: September 2012

One major field of interest in bioinorganic chemistry is the design and synthesis of inorganic compounds with low molecular mass, showing structural, spectroscopic, and reactivity properties that mimic enzymes, such as purple acid phosphatases (PAPs). In this study, the unsymmetrical heptadentate ligand 2‐[(4,7‐diisopropyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclonon‐1‐yl)methyl]‐6‐{[(2‐hydroxybenzyl)(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)‐amino]methyl}‐4‐methylphenol (H2L) and its first mixed‐valence complex [FeIIIZnII(L)(μ‐OAc)2]ClO4 (1) were synthesized. Physical and chemical measurements (crystal structure, conductometry, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopy, and electrochemistry) were performed for 1, and these properties are compared with those presented by the kbPAPs active sites. Potentiometric titration studies of 1 have confirmed its acid/base properties that are crucial for the understanding of the phosphodiester and DNA catalytic cleavage in future studies.
Synthesis and AcidBase Properties of an Imidazole‐Containing Nucleotide Analog, 1‐(2′‐Deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)imidazole 5′‐Monophosphate (dImMP2−)
Authors: Megger Nicole , Johannsen Silke , Müller Jens , Sigel Roland K. O.
Published: September 2012

Deletion of the substituted pyrimidine ring in purine‐2′‐deoxynucleoside 5′‐monophosphates leads to the artificial nucleotide analog dImMP2−. This analog can be incorporated into DNA to yield, upon addition of Ag+ ions, a molecular wire. Here, we measured the acidity constants of H2(dImMP)± having one proton at N(3) and one at the PO group by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution. The micro acidity constants show that N(3) is somewhat more basic than PO and, consequently, the (H⋅ dImMP)− tautomer with the proton at N(3) dominates to ca. 75%. The calculated micro acidity constants are confirmed by 31P‐ and 1H‐NMR chemical shifts. The assembled data allow many quantitative comparisons, e.g., the N(3)‐protonated and thus positively charged imidazole residue facilitates deprotonation of the P(O)2(OH)− group by 0.3 pK units. Information on the intrinsic site basicities also allows predictions about metal‐ion binding; e.g., Mg2+ and Mn2+ will primarily coordinate to the phosphate group, whereas Ni2+ and Cu2+ will preferably bind to N(3). Macrochelate formation for these metal ions is also predicted. The micro acidity constant for N(3)H+ deprotonation in the (H ⋅ dImMP⋅H)± species (pka 6.46) and the Mn+‐binding properties are of relevance for understanding the behavior of dImMP units present in DNA hairpins and metalated duplexes.
Molecular Evolution, Structure, and Function of Peroxidasins
Authors: Soudi Monika , Zamocky Marcel , Jakopitsch Christa , Furtmüller Paul G. , Obinger Christian
Published: September 2012

Peroxidasins represent the subfamily 2 of the peroxidase‐cyclooxygenase superfamily and are closely related to chordata peroxidases (subfamily 1) and peroxinectins (subfamily 3). They are multidomain proteins containing a heme peroxidase domain with high homology to human lactoperoxidase that mediates one‐ and two‐electron oxidation reactions. Additional domains of the secreted and glycosylated metalloproteins are type C‐like immunoglobulin domains, typical leucine‐rich repeats, as well as a von Willebrand factor C module. These are typical motifs of extracellular proteins that mediate protein–protein interactions. We have reconstructed the phylogeny of this new family of oxidoreductases and show the presence of four invertebrate clades as well as one vertebrate clade that includes also two different human representatives. The variability of domain assembly in the various clades was analyzed, as was the occurrence of relevant catalytic residues in the peroxidase domain based on the knowledge of catalysis of the mammalian homologues. Finally, the few reports on expression, localization, enzymatic activity, and physiological roles in the model organisms Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Homo sapiens are critically reviewed. Roles attributed to peroxidasins include antimicrobial defense, extracellular matrix formation, and consolidation at various developmental stages. Many research questions need to be solved in future, including detailed biochemical/physical studies and elucidation of the three dimensional structure of a model peroxidasin as well as the relation and interplay of the domains and the in vivo functions in various organisms including man.
The Need for Combined Inorganic, Biochemical, and Nutritional Studies of Chromium(III)
Authors: Vincent John B. , Love Sharifa T.
Published: September 2012

The history of biochemical and nutritional studies of the element is unfortunately full of twists and turns, most leading to dead ends. Chromium (Cr), as the trivalent ion, has been proposed to be an essential element, a body mass and muscle development agent, and, in the form of the most popular Cr‐containing nutritional supplement, to be toxic when given orally to mammals. None of these proposals, despite significant attention in the popular media, has proven to be correct. Trivalent chromium has also been proposed as a therapeutic agent to increase insulin sensitivity and affect lipid metabolism, although a molecular mechanism for such actions has not been elucidated. Greater cooperative research interactions between nutritionists, biochemists, and chemists might have avoided the earlier issues in nutritional and biochemical Cr research and is necessary to establish the potential role of Cr as a therapeutic agent at a molecular level.