bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potent neutralizing RBD‐specific antibody cocktail against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its mutant
Authors: Jia Lina , Liu Yan‐Ping , Tian Li‐Fei , Xiong Chao , Xu Xin , Qu Honge , Xiong Weixi , Zhou Dong , Wang Feng , Liu Zheng , Yan Xiao‐Xue , Xu Wenqing , Tang Lin
Published: June 2021

The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its variants has posed a serious global public health emergency. Therapeutic interventions or vaccines are urgently needed to treat and prevent the further dissemination of this contagious virus. This study described the identification of neutralizing receptor‐binding domain (RBD)‐specific antibodies from mice through vaccination with a recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD. RBD‐targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with distinct function and epitope recognition were selected to understand SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization. High‐affinity RBD‐specific antibodies exhibited high potency in neutralizing both live and pseudotype SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses and the SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus particle containing the spike protein S‐RBDV367F mutant (SARS‐CoV‐2(V367F)). These results demonstrated that these antibodies recognize four distinct groups (I–IV) of epitopes on the RBD and that mAbs targeting group I epitope can be used in combination with mAbs recognizing groups II and/or IV epitope to make mAb cocktails against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its mutants. Moreover, structural characterization reveals that groups I, III, and IV epitopes are closely located to an RBD hotspot. The identification of RBD‐specific antibodies and cocktails may provide an effective therapeutic and prophylactic intervention against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its isolates.
Omnidirectional oversized annular lens antenna with high gain for 5G millimeter‐wave channel measurement
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Yang Yang , Liao Shaowei , Xue Quan
Published: June 2021

A high gain oversized annular lens antenna for 28‐GHz band channel measurement system is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of an omnidirectional feeding source and an oversized annular lens. The feeding source is a compact multi‐stepped biconical antenna with a wide impedance bandwidth. By rotating a horizontally placed two‐dimensional extended hemispherical lens around the vertical axis, the oversized annular lens is realized, which effectively increases the vertical radiation aperture and maintains high aperture efficiency to enhance the omnidirectional gain. Under the same envelope, the proposed antenna features a higher gain than the biconical antenna and the ordinary annular lens antenna. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results demonstrate that the ‐10‐dB impedance bandwidth is 20.7% (24‐29.6 GHz), with stable vertically polarized (VP) omnidirectional radiation patterns and gain over 10.3 dBi within the entire band of interest.
Genetic Variability of Nile Tilapia Strains as Determined by Microsatellite DNA Markers
Authors: Thomas Brandylyn L. , Gomelsky Boris , Delomas Thomas A. , Novelo Noel D.
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the genetic variability of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus strains by using microsatellite DNA markers and to compare these data with those previously obtained with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five mixed-sex strains and four YY-male strains were analyzed. All nine microsatellite loci were polymorphic; the number of unique alleles per locus varied from 6 at UNH216 to 33 at UNH880. Strong correspondence was observed between the level of expected heterozygosity (He) or observed heterozygosity and the number of alleles per locus (A) or the number of private alleles. Strains with high levels of heterozygosity typically had higher values of A and the presence of private alleles. In general, mixed-sex strains had higher genetic variability than YY-male strains. Four mixed-sex strains (GIFT, Ismailia Canal, LSA hybrid, and Miami) had the highest level of genetic variability, with mean He ranging from 0.630 to 0.798 and mean A ranging from 5.11 to 9.78. Three YY-male strains (Fishgen YY Dark–Group 2, Fishgen YY Red, and Til-Aqua YY) had low genetic variability, with mean He ranging from 0.282 to 0.367 and mean A ranging from 1.89 to 3.56. All investigated strains demonstrated low values of the inbreeding coefficient FIS (from –0.266 to 0.014), suggesting that mating of closely related individuals is being avoided during maintenance of these strains. Pairwise genetic differentiation index FST values had a broad range (from 0.0915 to 0.6063), indicating different levels of genetic differentiation between strains. A dendrogram constructed according to shared allele distance showed the existence of two distinct clusters among strains. The present data on genetic variability of Nile Tilapia strains demonstrated substantial similarity with data from a previous study of SNPs in the same populations.
Pulverizing medication as a harm reduction and intentional drug overdose prevention strategy: Two case studies
Authors: Takanobu Keisuke , Okazaki Daisuke , Watanabe Shinya , Mitsui Nobuyuki , Tanaka Teruaki
Published: June 2021

Aims

We explored the use of pulverized medication as a new method to prevent intentional drug overdose.

Methods

This case study presents data obtained from the medical records of two female patients, aged 19 and 27 years, who presented with schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorder, respectively. Both patients provided written informed consent. Medication was administered to the two patients in powdered form, as opposed to in tablet form, in an attempt to prevent intentional drug overdose.

Results

This administration method successfully prevented intentional drug overdose for 3 and 5 years in each case, respectively. However, case‐control or prospective cohort studies are needed to rule out biases, including cognitive bias.

Conclusion

Pulverizing medication is a simple and effective means of preventing intentional drug overdose by restricting access to the means of suicide, regardless of the type of mental disorder.
Characterization of terpene biosynthesis in Melaleuca quinquenervia and ecological consequences of terpene accumulation during myrtle rust infection
Authors: Hsieh Ji‐Fan , Krause Sandra T. , Kainer David , Degenhardt Jörg , Foley William J. , Külheim Carsten
Published: June 2021

Plants use a wide array of secondary metabolites including terpenes as defense against herbivore and pathogen attack, which can be constitutively expressed or induced. Here, we investigated aspects of the chemical and molecular basis of resistance against the exotic rust fungus Austropuccinia psidii in Melaleuca quinquenervia, with a focus on terpenes. Foliar terpenes of resistant and susceptible plants were quantified, and we assessed whether chemotypic variation contributed to resistance to infection by A. psidii. We found that chemotypes did not contribute to the resistance and susceptibility of M. quinquenervia. However, in one of the chemotypes (Chemotype 2), susceptible plants showed higher concentrations of several terpenes including α‐pinene, limonene, 1,8‐cineole, and viridiflorol compared with resistant plants. Transcriptome profiling of these plants showed that several TPS genes were strongly induced in response to infection by A. psidii. Functional characterization of these TPS showed them to be mono‐ and sesquiterpene synthases producing compounds including 1,8‐cineole, β‐caryophyllene, viridiflorol and nerolidol. The expression of these TPS genes correlated with metabolite data in a susceptible plant. These results suggest the complexity of resistance mechanism regulated by M. quinquenervia and that modulation of terpenes may be one of the components that contribute to resistance against A. psidii.
Effect of static knee joint flexion on vastus medialis obliquus fiber angle in patellofemoral pain syndrome: An ultrasonographic study
Authors: Doğan Ali , Şengül İlker , Aşkın Ayhan , Tosun Aliye
Published: June 2021

Introduction

In patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, the vastus medialis obliquus muscle fiber angle measured by ultrasound at knee extension was found to be different from that in healthy individuals. An important feature of patellofemoral pain syndrome is the increase in pain severity during activities that require knee flexion.

Objective

To investigate whether there was an ultrasonographic change in the vastus medialis obliquus fiber angle by flexing the knee joint in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome compared to healthy pain‐free individuals.

Design

A cross‐sectional clinical study.

Setting

An outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital.

Participants

Forty‐seven patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (median age of 40 years) and 43 healthy volunteers (median age of 39 years) were included in the study.

Interventions

No intervention.

Main Outcome Measures

Vastus medialis obliquus fiber angle measured by ultrasonography at three different positions of knee joint including extension, 30° of flexion, and 45° of flexion.

Results

There was no significant change in the vastus medialis obliquus fiber angle with knee flexion in both groups (p > .05 for each group). However, the median vastus medialis obliquus fiber angle values in the group with patellofemoral pain syndrome were significantly lower at all knee joint angles than those in the comparison group (p < .05 at all knee joint angles).

Conclusions

Although the vastus medialis obliquus fiber angle does not change with static knee flexion, the lower angle of the vastus medialis obliquus fiber in those with patellofemoral pain syndrome implicitly suggests that vastus medialis obliquus dysfunction may exist.
Evaluation of online, publicly available cancer‐related educational and self‐management resources for symptom management
Authors: Boureanu Mara , Brahim Lydia Ould , Apedaile Dorothy , Wasserman Sydney , Magalhaes Mona , Belzile Eric , Frati Francesca Y. E. , Lambert Sylvie
Published: June 2021

Objective

The aims of this study were to evaluate the readability, suitability, and quality of publicly available online self‐management (SM) resources for people with cancer.

Methods

Resources were identified using two strategies: (1) a targeted search of 20 Canadian organizations and (2) a Google search. These were evaluated using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), the DISCERN tool for quality, and readability indices. The SM skills (e.g., problem‐solving) and symptom management strategies addressed by each resource were also assessed. Descriptive and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to identify resources of the highest suitability and quality as well as resource characteristics associated with higher quality and suitability.

Results

A total of 92 resources were evaluated. The mean reading grade level for English resources was 10.29 (SD = 1.64, range of 7.05 to 15.09) and 12.62 for French resources (SD = 2.27, range of 10.12 to 15.65). The mean SAM score across the sample was 50.4% (SD = 10.6%), or ‘adequate’, and the mean DISCERN score was 61.1% (SD = 11.8%), or ‘fair’. The cluster analysis indicated that 10 resources scored highly on both the SAM and the DISCERN. In total, 91 symptom management strategies were identified. On average, resources addressed 2.73 SM skills (SD = 1.58).

Conclusions

There is a need for plain language resources for people with lower reading ability and resources that incorporate more SM skills. Study findings will help healthcare professionals, patients, and their families identify optimal resources to address cancer‐related symptoms.
Synthesizing Red Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Rigid Polycyclic Conjugated Molecules: Dual‐Mode Sensing and Bioimaging in Biochemical Applications
Authors: Chen Xiaoyong , Zhang Zeyu , Wu Jiajie , Wang Jiale , Gao Aolong
Published: June 2021

Red fluorescent carbon dots (R‐CDs) are special desirable for biochemical analysis due to good biological compatibility and deep penetration; however, they remain as bottlenecks due to difficulties in expanding the sp2 domain, especially those are fused from rigid polycyclic conjugated molecules (RPCMs) with heteroatom substituents due to huge steric hindrance and heteroatom blockage toward graphic lattice. Here, an RPCM with heteroatom substituents, 1,5‐diamino‐4,8‐dihydroxyanthraquinone (DDAQ), based self‐doped R‐CDs with PL emission at 635 nm is reported. Further investigations reveal that the expanding, hybrid sp2 domain with indanthrone tannin structure from DDAQ is mainly responsible for the obtained red fluorescence of R‐CDs. Taking advantage of optical properties, R‐CDs are considered to construct a colorimetric/fluorescent dual mode sensing array for quantifying trace levels of Fe3+ and glyphosate based on the static quenching, and a biomarker for cell imaging. The CD‐based sensors exhibit outstanding recovery, high selectivity, and sensitivity, also facilitated dual‐mode detection with the naked‐eye. The R‐CDs have low cytotoxicity, good cell membrane penetration for rapid cell entry, and high resolution, demonstrating their potential for biolabeling and bioanalytic applications.
Characterization of glucose‐binding proteins isolated from health volunteers and human type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Chen Wentian , Zhong Yaogang , Shu Jian , Yu Hanjie , Chen Zhuo , Ren Xiameng , Hui Ziye , Li Zheng
Published: June 2021

Glucose is one of the most important monosaccharides. Although hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) lead to a series of changes; however, little is known about the alterations of serum proteins in T2DM, especially those proteins with glucose affinity. In this study, the glucose‐binding proteins (GlcBPs) of serum were isolated from 30 health volunteer (HV) and 30 T2DM patients by glucose‐magnetic particle conjugates (GMPC) and identified by mass spectrum analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated the main gene annotations and pathways of this GlcBPs, while Motif‐X webtool provided the potential glucose‐binding domains. Further docking analysis and glycan microarray were used to understand the interaction between the glucose and glucose‐binding domains. A total of 149 and 119 GlcBPs were identified from HV and T2DM cases. Four hundred and sixty‐eight GO annotations in 165 identified GlcBPs were available, while the majority involved in cellular processes and binding function. A short peptide, EGDEEITCLNGFWLE, which was derived from the Motif‐X analysis, presented a high‐binding ability to the glucose from both docking analysis and glycan analysis. GMPC provides a powerful tool for GlcBPs isolation and indicates the alteration of GlcBPs in T2DM.
Amelioration of anxiety, depression, and chemotherapy related toxicity after crocin administration during chemotherapy of breast cancer: A double blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Salek Roham , Dehghani Mansoureh , Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad , Talaei Ali , Fanipakdel Azar , Javadinia Seyed Alireza
Published: June 2021

The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mood disorders have already been established. More recently, its anti‐neoplastic effects have provoked a great attention. This study aims to assess the effects of crocin administration during doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy of breast cancer on anxiety, depression, and chemotherapy toxicity profile. Seventy‐two patients with non‐metastatic Her2/neu positive or triple negative breast cancer were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either 30 mg/day of crocin or placebo during chemotherapy [2:2]. Beck's Depression and Anxiety Inventories were used at baseline and end of the trial. In addition, the ECOG Common Toxicity Criteria were applied to assess chemotherapy side‐effects. After the intervention, the degree of anxiety and depression decreased significantly in the crocin group (p = .001 for both) and increased significantly in the placebo‐group (p = .006 and p = .036, respectively). There were significantly higher grade II‐IV leukopenia (47.2% vs. 19.4%, p = .012) in the crocin group, and grade II‐IV hypersensitivity‐reaction (30.6% vs. 5.6%, p = .006) in addition to neurological disorders (66.7% vs. 41.7%, p = .03) in the placebo‐group. The results indicate that using crocin during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer has ameliorated anxiety and depression. Moreover, leucopenia increased whereas hypersensitivity reaction and neurological disorders decreased in the crocin group. In addition, a trend toward survival improvement was observed, which is going to be investigated on longer follow up.
Microsolvation of Sr2+, Ba2+: Structures, energies, bonding, and nuclear magnetic shieldings
Authors: Velásquez Angie , Chamorro Yuly , Maldonado Alejandro , Aucar Gustavo , Restrepo Albeiro
Published: June 2021

An exhaustive exploration using non–relativistic and four–component relativistic formalisms of the potential energy surfaces for the microsolvation of Sr2+, Ba2+with up ton = 6 water molecules is presented in this work. A multitude of well defined local minima stabilized by cation ⋯ water and by water ⋯ water interactions are found. Cation ⋯ water contacts transcend the electrostatic interactions of simplistic ionic bonding. The formal charge causes a chaotropic effect in the structure of the solvent affecting water to water hydrogen bonds and inducing water dissociation and microsolvation of the resulting H+, OH−ions in extreme cases. Relativistic effects are close to 0.7% or smaller in geometries and electronic energies, but they are around 27% for shieldings of Ba2+clusters. The nuclei of the central cations are deshielded (around 10% in going fromto) due to microsolvation.
Optical features of ligated semiconducting quantum dots subjected to an electric field
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: June 2021

Semiconducting quantum dots (SQDs) are attractive materials for optoelectronic applications due to the size‐tunable band gaps, colloidal stability, and low‐cost solution processability. In this article, we investigate the modulations in the optical features of COOH + NH3 capped tetrahedral‐shape CdSe SQD in response to the external electric field. We base our calculations on an approach which combines the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) real‐time‐propagation‐time‐dependent density functional theory (rt‐TDDFT) technique (LCAO‐rt‐TDDFT) and transition contribution maps (two‐dimensional visualization of Kohn–Sham single electron–single hole transitions). Among other insights, our study indicates that electric field causes a redistribution of the oscillator strengths, early onset of absorption, and ligand‐derived trap states near the top of the valence band. These theoretical findings explain the origins of the electric field induced optical features of ligated SQDs.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis treated with adalimumab
Authors: Suzuki Yudai , Takasaka Naoki , Matsubayashi Sachi , Kojima Ayako , Shinfuku Kyota , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Yamada Masami , Fujisaki Ikumi , Seki Aya , Seki Yoshitaka , Ishikawa Takeo , Kuwano Kazuyoshi
Published: June 2021

We herein report a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) that occurred in a man treated with adalimumab for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A 69‐year‐old man with a history of ankylosing spondylitis treated by adalimumab, an anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) antibody, developed cough and wheezing. Chest computed tomography showed obstruction of dilated left upper lobe bronchus by high attenuation mucus as well as central bronchiectasis. Both Aspergillus‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Aspergillus precipitating antibody were positive and Aspergillus fumigatus was detected in a sputum culture. According to the new diagnostic criteria, the patient was diagnosed with ABPA. His condition rapidly improved after the withdrawal of adalimumab and initiation of prednisolone and itraconazole. Anti‐TNF‐α antibody might cause ABPA through both aggravation of the host's T‐helper 2 immunological response and anti‐fungal response.
Support efforts boost persistence despite pandemic, hurricanes
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2021

A global pandemic and two hurricanes in two weeks. That's enough disaster to daunt even the staunchest college officials. But the leadership team and staff   at SOWELA Technical Community College met the challenges, building on a retention rate of 75.06% from spring to fall 2020, to achieve an 83.71% retention rate from fall 2020 to spring 2021, the highest of any community college in Louisiana.
Report looks at sexual assault survivor experiences
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2021

Nearly 40% of students who reported an incident of sexual assault or sexual violence to their campus authorities reported a corresponding disruption in their educational experiences.
Follow 5 strategies for more effective time management
Authors: Schwebel David C.
Published: June 2021

If you ask a higher education administrator what their most precious resource is, they may recite common answers like skilled personnel, quality facilities, or a stable budget. But upon reflection, another answer may emerge also: time.
Did court dismiss student's breach‐of‐contract claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2021

A sonography student at the Baptist School of Health Professions completed more than 85% of credits required to graduate from his program. During his final rotation, the clinical instructor directed the student to conduct an ultrasound of a patient's carotid artery. The student declined to perform the assignment, claiming it wasn't part of his coursework and that vascular sonography was an elective at Baptist, not a core course.
Sustainable development model for measuring and managing sustainability in the automotive sector
Authors: Jasiński Dominik , Meredith James , Kirwan Kerry
Published: June 2021

A growing number of organizations across a variety of industries are now pursuing sustainable management business goals to improve business efficiency, manage stakeholder expectations, or for legislative compliance. This is also the case for automotive manufacturing organizations who are under pressure from their stakeholders to manage and improve sustainability performance. This requires the development of credible measurement tools and systems to enable capture and monitoring of sustainability. This paper describes the development process for an innovative model, named the Automotive Sustainability Assessment Model (A‐SAM), to drive sustainable decision‐making in the automotive sector. The process of developing the model consisted of four major steps, each of which contained series of intermediate steps, individual objectives, and research methods. The model measures, quantifies, and translates a broad range of external effects (both positive and negative) into their monetary equivalents, enabling large car manufacturers to evaluate options, identify win–wins, and optimize trade‐off, while making complex and multidisciplinary sustainability decisions. It allows managers and design engineers in the automotive sector to develop a better understanding of the environmental, resource, and social impacts of their activities, products, processes, and materials used, while still ensuring cost‐effectiveness when making decisions. The A‐SAM shows promise as an effective tool for supporting sustainability decisions in a business environment. Although developed in the context of the automotive industry, it can be adapted by organizations of any type, operating across many different sectors for managing sustainability in a more holistic, comprehensive, and integrated manner.
Prospective individual patient data meta‐analysis: Evaluating convalescent plasma for COVID‐19
Authors: Goldfeld Keith S. , Wu Danni , Tarpey Thaddeus , Liu Mengling , Wu Yinxiang , Troxel Andrea B. , Petkova Eva
Published: June 2021

As the world faced the devastation of the COVID‐19 pandemic in late 2019 and early 2020, numerous clinical trials were initiated in many locations in an effort to establish the efficacy (or lack thereof) of potential treatments. As the pandemic has been shifting locations rapidly, individual studies have been at risk of failing to meet recruitment targets because of declining numbers of eligible patients with COVID‐19 encountered at participating sites. It has become clear that it might take several more COVID‐19 surges at the same location to achieve full enrollment and to find answers about what treatments are effective for this disease. This paper proposes an innovative approach for pooling patient‐level data from multiple ongoing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that have not been configured as a network of sites. We present the statistical analysis plan of a prospective individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis (MA) from ongoing RCTs of convalescent plasma (CP). We employ an adaptive Bayesian approach for continuously monitoring the accumulating pooled data via posterior probabilities for safety, efficacy, and harm. Although we focus on RCTs for CP and address specific challenges related to CP treatment for COVID‐19, the proposed framework is generally applicable to pooling data from RCTs for other therapies and disease settings in order to find answers in weeks or months, rather than years.
Surface‐Modified CaO Catalyst for the Production of Glycerol Carbonate
Authors: Kaur Avneet , Ali Amjad
Published: June 2021

For enhancing the moisture resistance properties of the commercial CaO, the surface of the CaO has been modified using various aliphatic and aromatic groups as modifiers. The binding of the modifiers onto the surface of the CaO is confirmed through the FTIR and XPS techniques. For the first time, these modified CaO catalysts have been employed to carry out the transesterification reaction of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate forming glycerol carbonate. Under the optimized reaction conditions, benzyl modified CaO catalyst showed better catalytic activity yielding 82 % glycerol carbonate with 100 % selectivity. The 0.5‐Ben/CaO catalyst is found to resist the presence of 5 wt% H2O content in the reaction due to the formation of hydrophobic layer by the benzyl functionalization over the CaO surface. The humidity test also reveals that the modified CaO showed better resistance to moisture adsorption than its native counterpart.
Nanorod‐Like Polymer Adsorbents with Intermediate Dihydroxy Functional Groups for Efficient Boron Removal
Authors: Sheng Rui , Zhang Yang , Kang Jingjing , Tang Yakun , Zhu Caixia , Liu Lang
Published: June 2021

Intermediate dihydroxy (m‐diol) compounds act as grafting groups and one‐dimensional Poly(VBC‐DVB) copolymer as supporter, the short rod‐like adsorbents were prepared by grafting trihydroxymethyl aminomethane (TRIS) and 2‐amino‐1, 3‐propanediol (APD) on the polymer Poly(VBC‐DVB). The as‐synthesized adsorbents exhibit excellent boron adsorption capacities in neutral and weakly alkaline solutions because of the formation of stable six‐membered ring complexes. The novel boron adsorbents have potential applications in boron removal.
Synthesis of Ag(I)@Fum−Pr−Pyr−Benzimidazole and Its Optical and Catalytic Activities in Click Reactions
Authors: Darroudi Mahdieh , Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Ghasemi Jahan B. , Badiei Alireza
Published: June 2021

A hydrophilic fumed silica was used as a support and modified by benzimidazole scaffold, which can be chelate with silver as a highly selective and sensitive receptor to the successive detection of Ag+ ion. Fluorescence properties of Fum−Pr−Pyr−Benzimidazole were verified by the addition of various cations in an aqueous medium, and its high selectivity and sensitivity toward Ag+ ion was observed. Silver ion was placed onto the Fumed‐SiO2 to prepare Ag(I) @Fum−Pr−Pyr−Benzimidazole catalyst using in click chemistry. A number of characterization analyses were used, including FT‐IR, SEM, BET, and EDX, to prove that the Pr‐Pyr‐Benzimidazole and Ag (I) were homogeneously distributed on the fumed‐silica. EDX and SEM analysis were used to characterize the active component distribution.
Magnetic Spin Clusters in Ni2InVO6
Authors: Bobrowska Marta , Zolnierkiewicz Grzegorz , Typek Janusz , Filipek Elzbieta , Prokop Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and direct current (dc) magnetisation have been used to investigate the magnetic properties of Ni2InVO6. Previous study demonstrated the presence of a spin‐glass phase in this compound at low temperature. EPR spectra have shown the existence of four different components, attributed to nickel(II) and additionally to iron(III) as an unintentional admixture. The most intense, very broad line was assigned to the nickel spin clusters with strong ferromagnetic short‐range interactions. DC magnetisation measurements as a function of temperature and an external magnetic field indicated the presence of the spin clusters in paramagnetic phase and transition to the cluster spin‐glass state below 4.75 K due to competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. EPR and magnetisation results are analysed and compared to draw a comprehensive picture of magnetism in Ni2InVO6.
Metalloid Te‐Doped Fe‐Based Catalysts Applied for Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Wu Xiujuan , Lu Liangjie , Liu Hongzhen , Feng Lu , Li Weijia , Sun Licheng
Published: June 2021

Metal telluride nanocatalysts have been widely used in the catalytic reactions. However, there are few examples of electrocatalytic water oxidation with metal telluride as catalysts, especially Fe‐based telluride, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been reported. In this work, the Te‐doped Fe‐based catalysts (FeTex) with crystalline and amorphous nanosheet structures have been successfully synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as well as electrodeposition (ED) on the iron foam (IF), where the latter exhibited more remarkable electrocatalytic performance towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the alkaline electrolyte, requiring the overpotential (η) of only 264.4 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 54.2 mV dec−1. The electrochemical study confirmed that the residual Te in ED‐FeTex does play a role in promoting the catalytic activity for the electrocatalytic water oxidation.
Organo‐Acid Catalysed Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Chromans and 1,1‐Disubstituted Indanols/ Indenols
Authors: Behera Sagarika , Bera Nabakumar , Sarkar Debayan
Published: June 2021

An organo‐acid catalyzed approach towards the synthesis of 1,1‐dialkyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐indenols and 2,2‐disubstituted chromans have been achieved. Indane and chroman analogous provide a significant understanding of the chemistry of biological systems. The present reaction condition and the yield achieved is the best amongst the available organo‐catalytic strategies
Chemoselective Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones through Base‐Promoted Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Coumarins and α‐Cyano Carbonyls
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Farajpour Behnaz
Published: June 2021

A general and efficient method for the chemoselective synthesis of benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones has been developed. This involved a base‐promoted nucleophilic substitution/deprotonation/intramolecular aldol condensation/carboxylic acid or alkyl hydrogen carbonate elimination/aromatization reaction of α‐cyano carbonyls and α,β‐unsaturated coumarins. Readily available starting materials, green and mild conditions, synthetically useful yields, and operational simplicity are some highlighted advantages of this transformation.
Fluorescent Copper(II) Complexes of Asymmetric Bis(Thiosemicarbazone)s: Electrochemistry, Cellular Uptake and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Kirtani Deepti U. , Ghatpande Niraj S. , Suryavanshi Komal R. , Kulkarni Prasad P. , Kumbhar Anupa A.
Published: June 2021

Two new Cu(II) complexes, of the type CuL1 and CuL2, of asymmetric bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands were synthesized where L1=(E)‐2‐((E)‐3‐(2‐((E)‐2‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl methylene) hydrazine carbonothioyl) hydrazono) butan‐2‐ylidene) hydrazine carbothioamide and L2=(E)‐N‐methyl‐2‐(3‐oxobutan‐2‐ylidene) hydrazine carbothioamide and characterized by elemental analysis, HRMS, IR, EPR and cyclic voltammetry. The complexes undergo reversible one‐electron reduction at E1/2=∼−0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl. Interaction of CuL1 and CuL2 with human serum albumin monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy revealed static quenching with binding constants of the order of 105 M−1. Their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were studied on MCF‐7 and NIH‐3T3 cells. The results indicate that CuL1 is more cytotoxic owing to its cellular permeability.
A cluster‐based framework for interface analysis in large‐scale aerospace systems
Authors: Goldschmid Josh , Corns Steven
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a framework using a community maturity level metric to determine the integration readiness of interface elements in a particular network cluster. As a proof of concept this methodology is applied to an aircraft seating system to assess the readiness of complex interfaces before proceeding to full‐scale production and systems integration. A multi‐objective genetic algorithm, MOGA‐Net, is coupled with the Newman‐Girvan modularity metric as a clustering algorithm. This algorithm identifies system elements grouped by common interfaces, referred to as community clusters. The TRL and IRL values for these elements is then used to calculate an overall community maturity level. The achieved performance in these clusters is then compared to the target performance to determine overall maturity of the interfaces. This is compared to other system readiness metrics and interface readiness metrics as applied to the aircraft seating system and was found to be more consistent with subject matter expert evaluations during the critical design review. This gives a better representation of the true readiness of system interfaces before entering design reviews to reduce overall integration risks.
Magnesium lithospermate B supplementation improved prenatal Bisphenol A exposure‐induced metabolic abnormalities in male offspring
Authors: Huang Wei‐Chi , Liao Keng‐Ying , Hsieh Sheng‐Kuo , Pan Ping‐Ho , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang , Liao Su‐Lan , Chen Chun‐Jung , Chen Wen‐Ying
Published: June 2021

Obesity is closely linked with metabolic diseases, while life and prenatal exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals has been implicated in the development of obesity. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB), an active compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), has beneficial effects on insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities in diet‐induced obese rodents. Since exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy mimics the effects of high fat diet‐induced alterations of glucose and lipid metabolism in adult male offspring, the effects of daily MLB supplementation for 4 weeks on metabolic abnormalities in rats weaning from prenatal BPA‐exposed dams were investigated. BPA‐exposed rats developed obesity and adiposity concurrent with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevation of circulating glucagon and free fatty acids. Increased hepatic fatty acid synthesis and decreased fatty acid β‐oxidation, activation of adipocytic adipogenesis, maturation, and lipogenesis, as well as reduction of muscular glucose uptake were demonstrated in BPA‐exposed rats. The aforementioned alterations were improved by MLB supplementation. Additionally, MLB displayed negative effects on glucocorticoid receptor action and inflammation, and promoted lipolysis and thermogenesis in the adipose tissues. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MLB may be a potential therapeutic compound against metabolic diseases, including maternal exposure‐induced metabolic abnormalities.
Development and validation of a prognostic score for long‐term transplant‐free survival in autoimmune hepatitis type 1
Authors: Biewenga Maaike , Verhelst Xavier P.D.M.J. , Baven‐Pronk Martine A.M.C. , Putter Hein , van den Berg Aad P. , van Nieuwkerk Karin C.M.J. , van Buuren Henk R. , Bouma Gerd , de Boer Ynte S. , Simoen Cedric , Colle Isabelle , Schouten Jeoffrey , Sermon Filip , van Steenkiste Christophe , van Vlierberghe Hans , van der Meer Adriaan J. , Nevens Frederik , van Hoek Bart ,   Dutch Autoimmune Hepatitis Study Group
Published: June 2021

Background

No prognostic score is currently available for long‐term survival in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and validate such a prognostic score for AIH patients at diagnosis.

Methods

The prognostic score was developed using uni‐ & multivariate Cox regression in a 4‐center Dutch cohort and validated in an independent 6‐center Belgian cohort.

Results

In the derivation cohort of 396 patients 19 liver transplantations (LTs) and 51 deaths occurred (median follow‐up 118 months; interquartile range 60–202 months). In multivariate analysis age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.045; p < 0.001), non‐caucasian ethnicity (HR 1.897; p = 0.045), cirrhosis (HR 3.266; p < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase level (HR 0.725; p = 0.003) were significant independent predictors for mortality or LT (C‐statistic 0.827; 95% CI 0.790–0.864). In the validation cohort of 408 patients death or LT occurred in 78 patients during a median follow‐up of 74 months (interquartile range: 25–142 months). Predicted 5‐year event rate did not differ from observed event rate (high risk group 21.5% vs. 15.7% (95% CI: 6.3%–24.2%); moderate risk group 5.8% versus 4.3% (95% CI: 0.0%–9.1%); low risk group 1.9% versus 5.4% (95% CI: 0.0%–11.4%); C‐statistic 0.744 [95% CI 0.644–0.844]).

Conclusions

A Dutch‐Belgian prognostic score for long‐term transplant‐free survival in AIH patients at diagnosis was developed and validated.
Wellbeing and Flourishing
Authors: Chaves Covadonga
Published: June 2021

The presence of childhood and adolescent mental illness has risen significantly in recent years. The challenges that modern society poses necessitate providing children with the cognitive, social, and emotional competencies that help them avoid future mental illness as well as flourish socially and professionally. Positive psychology has introduced models of mental health in childhood to incorporate both the ‘treatment/prevention approach’ (i.e., treating and preventing mental disorders; removing negative states) as well as the ‘promotion approach’ (promoting life satisfaction; increasing positive states). In that sense, wellbeing can be defined as feeling good, functioning well, and doing good for others. Flourishing implies feeling satisfied with life and having the ability to live to the fullest. School and family contexts are important in the promotion of wellbeing in childhood. Nowadays, there is evidence that points to the positive association between levels of wellbeing and students’ academic performance, social abilities, and physical and psychological health. Many of the lifelong habits, beliefs, behaviours, and attitudes that a person carries are established in the family context. In this chapter, advances in the incorporation of positive psychology in these developmental environments are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the efficacy of interventions in preventing future psychological problems as well as in promoting childhood wellbeing, and the importance of political commitment to the achievement of generalized and sustainable changes over time is analysed.
The Role of Coping Skills for Developing Resilience Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ronen Tammie
Published: June 2021

Children and adolescents experience rapid changes due to development and growth processes, thereby necessitating adaptation and flexibility. In addition, young people also often face environmental crises or traumas, human-made catastrophes, or individual (chronic illness) or family (parent divorce, death of a loved one) crises. In the past, to facilitate young people’s adaptation to change, major aims of parents, teachers, and therapists focused on protecting children and adolescents from harm and helping them grow up in a secure environment. Over time, modern life and the influence of the positive psychology orientation have led to a shift in those aims, which now focus more on helping young people feel happy, flourish, and use their own strengths. A key element in making this process of adaptation to change successful is resilience. This chapter deals with the effects of changes, crises, and traumas on children and adolescents, while focusing on the importance of resilience at the individual, family, and environmental levels. This approach directs adaptation to change efforts towards the present rather than towards the past, thereby meeting the important need of treating children and adolescents who have experienced crisis and trauma by imparting them with skills for better coping today in their major natural environments.
Creative Learning in Education
Authors: Beghetto Ronald A.
Published: June 2021

Creative learning in schools represents a specific form of learning that involves creative expression in the context of academic learning. Opportunities for students to engage in creative learning can range from smaller scale curricular experiences that benefit their own and others’ learning to larger scale initiatives that can make positive and lasting contributions to the learning and lives of people in and beyond the walls of classrooms and schools. In this way, efforts aimed at supporting creative learning represent an important form of positive education. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce and discuss the co-constitutive factors involved in creative learning. The chapter opens by clarifying the nature of creative learning and then discusses interrelated roles played by students, teachers, academic subject matter, uncertainty, and context in creative learning. The chapter closes by outlining future directions for research on creative learning and positive education.
School Belonging: The Importance of Student and Teacher Relationships
Authors: Allen Kelly-Ann , Slaten Christopher D. , Arslan Gökmen , Roffey Sue , Craig Heather , Vella-Brodrick Dianne A.
Published: June 2021

School belonging is associated with a range of positive educational and developmental outcomes, including psychosocial health and wellbeing, prosocial behaviour and academic achievement, and transition into adulthood. However, an increasing number of students worldwide report not feeling a sense of belonging to their school. There is growing research evidence that strong student–teacher relationships can promote school belonging, however creating these relationships within highly complex educational systems can be challenging. Further, only a few interventions focusing specifically on belonging that are available in schools have been found to be effective. This chapter highlights the importance of teacher support for a student’s sense of school belonging, discusses challenges associated with student–teacher relationships, and points to strategies for building strong relationships. We highlight the role that school leaders play in fostering strong relationships, and consider extensions within higher education, and future directions. Considering the importance of student–teacher relationships towards a student’s sense of school belonging, and the empirical base that points to both short- and long-term outcomes, implications for widespread benefits are possible for schools that prioritize and value positive relationships between staff and students.
Systems Informed Positive Education
Authors: Kern Margaret L. , Taylor Jessica A.
Published: June 2021

Positive psychology as a discipline has focused primarily on understanding and building individual wellbeing. But the application of positive psychology within schools brings a number of challenges that transcend simplistic approaches. Schools are dynamic in nature and subject to numerous pressures and competing priorities. Positive psychology interventions can be helpful, some of the time, for some people, but there is a need to identify and transcend the limiting paradigms that drive our research, practices, and beliefs, moving beyond simplistic interventions and programs to broader awareness and mindful action. Systems Informed Positive Education (SIPE) explicitly incorporates aspects of the systems sciences into positive education practice and pedagogy to cultivate optimal learning environments that bring out the best in each individual and of the school community as a whole. This chapter describes SIPE, illustrates SIPE in action, and highlights key principles and their implications for embedding wellbeing at the heart of education.
First saturation correction in high energy proton-nucleus collisions. Part II. Single inclusive semi-hard gluon production
Authors: Li Ming , Skokov Vladimir V.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Exploiting recently obtained analytic solutions of classical Yang-Mills equations for higher order perturbations in the field of the dilute object (proton), we derive the complete first saturation correction to the single inclusive semi-hard gluon production in high energy proton-nucleus collisions by applying the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann reduction formula. We thus finalize the program started by Balitsky (see ref. [1]) and independently by Chirilli, Kovchegov and Wertepny (see ref. [2]) albeit using a very different approach to carry out our calculations. We extracted the functional dependence of gluon spectrum on the color charge densities of the colliding objects; thus our results can be used to evaluate complete first saturation correction to the double/multiple inclusive gluon productions.
Primordial non-Gaussianity in supersolid inflation
Authors: Celoria Marco , Comelli Denis , Pilo Luigi , Rollo Rocco
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We study primordial non-gaussianity in supersolid inflation. The dynamics of supersolid is formulated in terms of an effective field theory based on four scalar fields with a shift symmetric action minimally coupled with gravity. In the scalar sector, there are two phonon-like excitations with a kinetic mixing stemming from the completely spontaneous breaking of diffeomorphism. In a squeezed configuration, fNL of scalar perturbations is angle dependent and not proportional to slow-roll parameters showing a blunt violation of the Maldacena consistency relation. Contrary to solid inflation, the violation persists even after an angular average and generically the amount of non-gaussianity is significant. During inflation, non-gaussianity in the TSS and TTS sector is enhanced in the same region of the parameters space where the secondary production of gravitational waves is sizeable enough to enter in the sensitivity region of LISA, while the scalar fNL is still within the current experimental limits.