bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY AS ONE OF THE MECHANISMS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors:   Researcher, Private clinic “M-clinic”, Uzbekistan, Yuldasheva M.O. , Raimova M.M. ,   Researcher, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Uzbekistan, Bakhadirova M.A. ,   Researcher, Center for the development of professional qualifications of medical workers of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2024

In recent years, research into functional interhemispheric asymmetry has been intensively carried out in our country and abroad. An analysis of publications related to this topic shows that the problem of interhemispheric asymmetry is associated with some fundamental properties of living matter and is present at almost all stages of the evolutionary ladder. In the 30-40s of the 20th century, the study of functional asymmetry in healthy people began. The identified asymmetries were divided into three main types: mental, motor and sensory.
FORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL THINKING IN TEACHING NATURAL SCIENCES
Authors:   Teacher of Termiz State Pedagogical Institute,Uzbekistan, Khudoyshukurovna Abdinazarova Zebiniso
Published: April 2024

In this article, the content of forming an attitude to the environment in primary education, elements of environmental education and upbringing, components of creative approach and improvement, the effectiveness of natural knowledge acquisition by primary school students, extracurricular activities in the formation of environmental concepts the use of training, environmental literacy and culture improvement, nature protection processes are described.
PEDAGOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF USING THE HERITAGE OF CENTRAL ASIAN THINKERS IN FORMING ECOLOGICAL THINKING IN PRIMARY CLASS NATURAL SCIENCE LESSONS
Authors:   Teacher of Termiz State Pedagogical Institute,Uzbekistan, Khudoyshukurovna Abdinazarova Zebiniso
Published: April 2024

In this article, the content of forming an attitude to the environment in primary education, elements of environmental education and upbringing, components of creative approach and improvement, the effectiveness of natural knowledge acquisition by primary school students, extracurricular activities in the formation of environmental concepts the use of training, environmental literacy and culture improvement, nature protection processes are described.
INTEGRATION OF PIRLS ASSIGNMENTS WITH THE 4K MODEL
Authors:   Student of Termiz State Pedagogical Institute,Uzbekistan, qizi Hasanova Sabohat Komil
Published: April 2024

While reading this article, the importance of PIRLS and 4K model, expected results from their integration will be discussed. PIRLS and the methodology of using the 4K model during its training are also discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND LOCOMO-TOR IMPAIRMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
Authors:   Researcher, Center for the Development of Professional Qualifications ofMedical Workers, Uzbekistan, Nazarova J.A. , Urinov M.B. ,   Researcher, Medical association Karmaninsky district, Navoi region, Uzbekistan, Parmanov O.Kh. ,   Researcher, Bukhara Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2024

This article presents an analysis of internal correlations between locomotor and cognitive impairments in men and women suffering from moderate cognitive impairment of vascular origin. 96 patients (50 men and 46 wom-en) were examined using the MMSE, Frontal Dysfunction Battery and Tinetti test.
Tecnologías de imagen multibanda en la documentación de pinturas murales ocultas: la ‘Santa Cena de la Ermita de Sant Roc de Ternils’ (Carcaixent, Valencia)
Authors: Herrero-Cortell Miquel Àngel , Zalbidea Muñoz María Antonia
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo describe la aplicación de un protocolo multi-técnico y de imagen multibanda, para la identificación de pinturas murales ocultas bajo un estrato de pintura y su sucesiva documentación, durante y después de los trabajos de conservación-restauración. El artículo recoge tres propósitos para el uso de la tecnología multibanda: por una parte, para la confirmación inicial de la presencia de las pinturas bajo uno o varios estratos de cal, a través de imágenes en bandas no visibles del espectro; en segundo lugar, el empleo de las imágenes multibanda como herramientas auxiliares durante en el proceso de restauración de las pinturas; y, en tercer lugar, el registro final de las pinturas descubiertas y ya restauradas. Además de ponerse de manifiesto la operatividad de este tipo de técnicas en la constatación de la existencia de pinturas ocultas —lo que supone una novedosa aportación—, se evidencia su utilidad a la hora de afrontar una intervención restaurativa. Por último, se demuestra la conveniencia del uso de este tipo de imágenes —complementadas con otras técnicas de análisis—, para el conocimiento de los procedimientos técnicos y materiales utilizados en la gestación de la obra.
Dampak Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) terhadap Pengembangan Moral pada Siswa Muslim
Authors: Husni Hafizul
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the impact of Islamic education on the moral development of Muslim students. The aim of Islamic education is to bring students closer to God and enlighten humanity. To form good morals in students' lives, appropriate strategies are needed in implementing Islamic education. The problem formulation in this research is the impact of Islamic religious education on the moral development of Muslim students. The aim is to determine the impact of Islamic religious education on the moral development of Muslim students. This research includes quantitative research. The approach used is descriptive quantitative. Data was obtained by distributing a questionnaire to students with a total of 10 questions. The data analysis technique uses the percentage of answers from the questionnaire. The population and sample in this study amounted to 74 students. The research results show that the impact of PAI on the moral development of Muslim students is in the "high" category. This can be proven from the research results of the students' total score of 76.2%.
Metaverse Destekli Fen Eğitimi
Authors: Kan Sabri , Kumaş Ahmet
Published: April 2024

Metaverse, eğitimde teknoloji destekli devrimin yeni miladı mı, yoksa sıradanlaşmış teknoloji destekli yeni bir öğretim uygulaması mı? Son dört yıl içinde eğitim bilimlerinde metaverse ile ilgili araştırmalar ivmeli bir şekilde artış göstermesine karşın bu araştırmaların gelişmiş ülkelerde ve üniversite düzeyinde olduğu görülmektedir. Buna karşılık gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ve genel olarak lise düzeyinde araştırma boşluğu bulunmaktadır. Metaverse uygulamalarını farklı amaçlarla kullanan bireylerin %90’dan fazlasının 16 yaş altı gençlerin olduğu dikkate alındığında öğrencilerin anlamakta güçlük çektikleri ve somutlaştıramadıkları fen bilimleri kapsamındaki soyut, mikro ve makro içerikli konuların öğretiminde bilişim uzmanlarından faydalanarak işbirlikli gruplara hitap edecek şekilde etkinliklerin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu araştırma, metaverse destekli fen eğitiminin uluslararası uygulamalarının ne durumda olduğunu belirleyerek fen öğretimindeki önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bu süreçte yaşanabilecek problemler, avantajlar, dezavantajlar ve sınırlılıklar belirlenip, liselerde fen bilimleri derslerinde hangi konularda yürütülmesinin etkili olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma türlerinden özel durum çalışmasına dayalı yürütülen araştırmada seçkisiz olmayan örneklem yönteminden amaçlı örneklem, maksimum çeşitlilik ve ölçüt örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada katılımcı verileri 14 öğretmen ve 15 öğrenciden 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde görüşme yolu ile elde edilmiştir. Doküman verileri ise Web of Science ve TR dizin veri tabanlarından elde edilmiştir. Katılımcı verileri içerik analizi, doküman verileri ise bibliyometrik analiz ile anlamlandırılmıştır. Metaverse uygulamalarının öğrencileri teknoloji bağımlılığına, sosyal ve kültürel yönden sınırsız özgürlüğe yönlendirerek gerçek dünyadan uzak oyun merkezli bir etkileşime sürüklemesi ve mahremiyet duygularını giderici boyutları dikkate alınarak eğitim bilimciler tarafından ders kapsamında sınırlayıcı uygulamaların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Examining Adolescent Resilience Through MBSA-CR+
Authors: Nursalim Mochamad , Saroinsong Wulan Patria , Nor Azmawaty Mohamad
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the effectiveness of an MBSA-CR8 intervention on enhancing adolescent resilience in Indonesia. Pretest and post-test analyses indicate a significant reduction in stress levels and substantial improvements in resilience and mindfulness following the intervention. The regression analysis underscores the central role of resilience in predicting positive outcomes, emphasizing its impact on their resilience. These findings align with existing research, highlighting the need to address resilience challenges among Indonesian adolescents. The study contributes valuable insights, suggesting that interventions fostering resilience can effectively mitigate stress and enhance overall well-being. This research provides actionable guidance for educators and policymakers seeking to support the psychological health of adolescents in educational settings, especially during challenging circumstances such as the pandemic.
Exploring Challenges Faced by Student Teachers in Teaching Practice: A Research Inquiry
Authors: Olutoyin Boris Olufunke
Published: April 2024

The study is a descriptive survey design, questionnaires was used to analyse the difficulties faced by the student teachers during their teaching practice and looks for common challenges faced by the student teachers in applying theoretical understanding to practical teaching setting. The findings of this research will contribute to a deeper understanding challenges inherent in teacher training programs and inform strategies for improving the preparation and support provided to aspiring educators.
Assessment of High Wind Power Permeability Power System Frequency Regulation
Authors: Yasmin Mist. Tasrina , Hasan Md. Jahid , Islam Md. Hayatul
Published: April 2024

Global wind power has expanded quickly in recent years to help with the energy issue and environmental degradation. The large-scale integration of wind power has become a hot topic for academic research in recent years due to the potential to improve the stability of the power system through the application of wind power participation in power grid frequency control. This study reviews the research on power system frequency regulation approach with high wind power permeability and classes the frequency control difficulties of wind power integration. A review and analysis are conducted on the energy storage system that is involved in the frequency management of the power system with high wind permeability.
Integrating Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology into the South Asian Electricity Grid System
Authors: Yasmin Mist. Tasrina , Hasan Md. Jahid , Islam Md. Hayatul
Published: April 2024

The electricity situation in South Asian can be described as epileptic with no sign in view of improvement. This epileptic power situation affects the manufacturing, service and residential sectors of the economy which in turn affects the country’s economic growth. Even with the recent reforms in the power sector, more than half of the country’s population still lack access to electricity. The epileptic condition of the power sector can be attributed to the inadequate and inefficient power plants, poor transmission and distribution facilities, and outdated metering system used by electricity consumers. This paper attempts to present the way forward for the South Asian poor electricity situation by reviewing the power sector as a whole and the renewable energy potentials. We identified the problems in the national grid and then proposed a smart grid model for the South Asian power sector which will include renewable energy source. We believe that the content of this re-view paper will solve the poor epileptic condition of the power sector in South Asian and also enable the proper integration of smart grid technology into the national grid.
Applying of English Teaching Materials based on HOTS to Support Students’ Understanding Concepts: Indonesia
Authors: Munawaroh Tatu , Ruhiat Yayat , Juniardi Yudi
Published: April 2024

This research aims to apply English teaching materials to improve students' understanding of concepts in the learning process at SMA Negeri 10 Pandeglang in English subjects. Students feel bored more quickly and are dissatisfied with conventional delivery of material or assignments. By applying English teaching materials based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), students can improve their language skills from the material provided by the teacher. This research used qualitative methods with the type of research used namely a qualitative descriptive approach. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 10 Pandenglang. The research subject is Class X. The data collection technique used triangulation techniques (observation, interviews and documentation). From the results of research that researcher has conducted, it shows that students are more enthusiastic about implementing HOTS-based English teaching materials. They also do not feel that the learning provided will feel monotonous. And students also want HOTS-based teaching materials to be applied to English subjects so that students don't feel bored when teachers provide materials that still use conventional methods and hope they can improve language skills in higher thinking processes.
Application of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in Formative and Summative Assessments of Kiswahili Language: A Case of Secondary Schools in Meru District Council
Authors: Mgecha Perida
Published: April 2024

Currently, the educational field emphasizes on the teaching and learning that is competence based. This article examines how Bloom’s Taxonomy is applied in formative and summative assessments of Kiswahili language in secondary schools. The article is guided by Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development Theory. Data were collected through interview, documentary analysis and observation. Kiswahili language teachers were involved in data collection. The findings reveal that in assessment of Kiswahili language, the Lower Order Thinking skills is highly applied in formative assessment while the Higher Order Thinking skills is mostly included in summative assessment. The reason behind this is that many Kiswahili teachers lack enough skills on composing HOTs questions, as well as preparing LOTs and HOTs questions based on competence-based approach. Therefore, Kiswahili teachers need more trainings on Bloom’s Taxonomy application in line with competence-based approach; this could be done through workshops, sharing knowledge between teachers within the school, and interschool cooperation.
Plant Bioindicators in Assessing Air Quality: A Short Review
Authors: Narayanti Putu Satya , Astija Astija , Kundera I Nengah
Published: April 2024

Air pollution, long recognized as having an adverse impact on health and comfort, is increasing in urban and industrial areas of society at a rate that makes it one of the most pressing environmental problems. Pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances into the environment, negatively impacting humans and other organisms and contributing to the degradation of the quality of our environment. This paper aims to discuss the identification of certain plant species that can be used as biological indicators in assessing air quality. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze several theoretical aspects of biological monitoring and provide a report on the progress of using plants as biological indicators of air quality. This paper aims to describe the most significant aspects of current knowledge in this field, evaluate the applicability of the methodology, and detail its advantages and disadvantages when compared with traditional methods.
Modelling and Mapping Oil Pollution across the Inland and Coastal Waters: A Case of Selected Segment of Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Lawal O , Ojile O.M. , Okon M.
Published: April 2024

Artisanal fisheries in the Niger Delta and Nigeria’s coastal waters support the livelihood of its inhabitants, thus management of water pollution has public health significance for the regions and beyond. Oil Spills and contaminated runoff from the hinterland always find their way to the coast via the extensive network of rivers and creeks across the delta. This is a major cause of marine pollution in the region. With this understanding there is a need to map and model the dynamics of oil pollution across the coastal waters of the Niger Delta, thereby providing evidence and data support for their management. This study explored the potential of mapping oil slicks along the inland and coastal water of the Niger Delta using the SENTINEL-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The Interferometric Wide Swath Mode imagery Ground Range Detected Imagery for the 2nd of January 2019 was acquired for the study area, processed using Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and the oil spill detection algorithm was applied on the Amplitude Vertical-Vertical Band. After preprocessing, the non-polluted areas were found to have high backscatter (amplitude >18.0). For the impacted areas, lower values were recorded - amplitude decibel value of between 15.9 and 18.0. A total of 329 polygons of oil slick were identified, covering an area of 46.34 km2. The impacted surface area ranges between 0.000064 – 15 km2. The farthest impacted surface can be found around 18.25km from the Bonny coastline. Results showed that a significant proportion of the oil slicks are concentrated along the upper reaches of the Bonny River spanning Okrika and Ogu/Bolo LGA. Towards the nearshore, the oil slicks were disaggregated into several units. Contiguous units were found closer to the banks and coastline. Out of the 329 polygons, 14 were identified along the New Calabar River, emptying into the Bonny Estuary. The impacted surfaces along the New Calabar River were smaller in size compared to those found along the Bonny River. The results identified the pattern and distribution of oil slicks across a segment of the Gulf of Guinea dominated by oil and gas industry activities. This study highlighted the potential of remotely sensed data to support coastal pollution management efforts. It further highlighted the potential for spatiotemporal monitoring of oil slicks along coastal and inland waters. Challenges for deploying such a platform include the high computing power required and the lack of in-situ monitoring data for validation.
Greenhouse Gas Distribution in the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Boyitie Paul Odiyirin , Efe Sunday Ighovie , Atubi Augustus Orowghigo
Published: April 2024

Increased economic activity has resulted in higher levels of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions in Nigeria, making the country more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. To investigate the distribution of greenhouse gases in the Nigerien Delta, researchers used an ex post facto approach. The information was gathered from the six Niger Delta states that comprise BRACED: Delta, Edo, Rivers, Cross Rivers, and Akwa Ibom. The study focused on twelve refineries or gas flare sites, which represented all of the areas that fit the Niger Delta profile. Starting in September 2022 and ending in February 2023, data were collected every other week using Sage thermal mass flow metres. We used ANOVA and statistical diagrams to look for regional differences in climate-GHG concentrations. Greenhouse gas emissions from the Niger Delta area fell sharply between 1993 and 2022, reaching a low of 1.38 million square metres in 2010. In 2022, the average CO2 concentration in the area was 25.4µg/m³, and SO2 emissions were 20.1µg/m³. Carbon dioxide far outnumbered sulphur IV oxide (SO2) in greenhouse gas flares. Soil organic carbon concentrations averaged highest in Rivers State and lowest in Akwa Ibom. An examination of regional statistics revealed that NO2 and SO2 emissions varied significantly, with the greatest differences found between the states of Edo and Rivers. However, CO2 emissions were uniform across the country. Reduce the impact by collaborating, strengthening our capabilities, conducting research, and sharing our technologies.
Sistem Pemantau Suhu dan Kelembapan Kandang Puyuh Menggunakan Metode Logika Fuzzy Sugeno Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Mukhairi Rizal Muhammad , Ikhsan Muhammad , Hasibuan Muhammad Siddik
Published: May 2024

Dalam beternak burung puyuh salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah faktor lingkungan yaitu suhu dan kelembapan. Bagi anakan burung puyuh suhu dan kelembapan yang stabil diperlukan untuk menjaga pertumbuhannya tetap baik. Kendala yang terjadi dalam beternak burung puyuh adalah sulitnya menjaga agar suhu dan kelembapan pada kandang tetap stabil. Kendala lain yaitu pemantauan suhu dan kelembapan kandang yang masih manual menyebabkan peternak harus selalu mengecek keadaan kandang secara berkala. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini, dibuat sistem pemantau suhu dan kelembapan kandang yang dapat memantau kondisi suhu dan kelembapan kandang serta menstabilkan suhu dan kelembapan secara otomatis yang dapat dilakuakan melalui aplikasi mobile. Sistem memanfaatkan sensor DHT 11 dan LM35 untuk mengukur suhu dan kelembapan pada kandang. Kontrol intensitas cahaya dan kecepatan angin melalui ukuran suhu dan kelembababan diambil dari sensor dengan pemanfaatan metode fuzzy sugeno. Hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, sistem dapat berjalan dan menstabilkan suhu dan kelembapan pada kandang dengan rata-rata suhu yang dihasilkan sebesar 34,8 ℃ dan rata-rata kelembapan 63 %.
CONSUMO E DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DO FENO DE ANDROPOGON GAYANUS COLHIDO EM TRÊS IDADES DIFERENTES
Authors: Cavalcanti André Cayô , Alves Sérgio de Oliveira , Merigueti Yslla Fernanda Fitz Balo , Reis Luciano Wagner Dórea , Vianna Gabriel Vilela Hertel , Piassi Juliana Maria , Pertel Josete , Küster Ivanildo Schmith , Vilasboas Felipe Silveira , Bragança Ariel Firmino Barcelos
Published: May 2024

Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta, frações fibrosas, energia e balanço do nitrogênio do feno de Andropogon gayanus colhido em três diferentes idades (56, 84 e 112 dias). O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições. As digestibilidades aparentes da matéria seca, das frações fibrosas e da energia bruta foram maiores para os fenos colhidos aos 56 e 84 dias (P<0,05). O feno de A. gayanus colhido aos 56 dias apresentou maiores valores de consumo e digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta (5,22 g/UTM/dia; 55,69%, respectivamente) (P<0,05) em relação aos demais tratamentos que não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). Os valores de consumo e digestibilidade aparente apontam as idades de 56 e 84 dias como as melhores dentre as estudadas para o corte do capim A. gayanus para fenação.
An Adaptive Steganography Insertion Technique Based on Cosine Transform
Authors: Alobaidi Taif , Mikhael Wasfy
Published: April 2024

In the last couple decades, several successful steganography approaches have been proposed. Least Significant Bit (LSB) Insertion technique has been deployed due to its simplicity in implementation and reasonable payload capacity. The most important design parameter in LSB techniques is the embedding location selection criterion. In this work, LSB insertion technique is proposed which is based on selecting the embedding locations depending on the weights of coefficients in Cosine domain (2D DCT). The cover image is transformed to the Cosine domain (by 2D DCT) and predefined number of coefficients are selected to embed the secret message (which is in the binary form). Those weights are the outputs of an adaptive algorithm that analyses the cover image in two domains (Haar and Cosine). Coefficients, in the Cosine transform domain, with small weights are selected. The proposed approach is tested with samples from the BOSSbase, and a custom-built databases. Two metrics are utilized to show the effectiveness of the technique, namely, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). In addition, human visual inspection of the result image is also considered. As shown in the results, the proposed approach performs better, in terms of (RMSE, and PSNR) than commonly employed truncation and energy based methods.
Melanoma mucoso de la cavidad oral: Reporte de caso
Authors: Achurra Olmos Marco Antonio , Díaz César , Della Sera María Gabriella , Espinosa David
Published: May 2024

El melanoma mucoso (MM) es un subtipo raro de malignidad que surge de la transformación maligna de los melanocitos. EL MM representa el 1% de todos los casos de melanoma, siendo un subtipo agresivo y con mal pronóstico, con supervivencia global a 5 años de 10-20%. El Melanoma mucoso de la cavidad oral corresponde al 0.5% de todos los tumores malignos en la cavidad oral y al 25% de los melanomas mucosos ubicados en cabeza y cuello. Tiene una distribución anatómica de predominio en el tracto sinunasal 70%, cavidad oral 20% y otras ubicaciones como larige y faringe. Algunos probables factores de riesgo descritos son: trauma mecánico crónico, etilismo, tabaquismo, formaldehído, Sin embargo su etiología permanece incierta.
Presentamos el caso de una paciente Femenina de 77 años tratada exitosamente mediante maxilectomía inferior y disección selectiva cervical izquierda.
What Actions Should Canada Take to Address the Issue of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water?
Authors: Abioye Samson
Published: April 2024

Meeting the growing demand for access to clean, safe, and reliable water in Canada requires addressing not just traditional water contaminants, but also contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). CECs cause deleterious effects on human health, and yet Canadian drinking water standards currently exclude a majority of them from regulatory control. To ensure long-lasting access to safe drinking water, this paper aims to present policy recommendations for the Canadian legislature including a detailed analysis of the cost implications, feasibility, and ease of implementation of each option using the EHER (environment, health, economy, and reputation) criteria. We recommend a collaborative solution to CECs management which involves academic research funding to comprehensively analyze the risks of CECs and strategies for their removal as well as regulations controlling CECs levels in water streams through reviewed standards and guidelines.
Defining Strategic Environmental Goals and Objectives for the Management of Deep-sea Mining Operations in the Seabed Beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Bettencourt João H. , Liang Chia Chun Angela
Published: April 2024

After the inconclusive second part of the 28th Annual Session of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) in July 2023, there were concerns that the ISA would start accepting exploitation applications for deep-sea mining in the seabed beyond national jurisdiction (the Area) with neither a full regulatory framework in place nor a general policy related to the conservation of our marine environment. Currently, the environmental management of deep-sea mining by the ISA is cursory and lacks strategic aims regarding the preservation of deep-sea ecosystems. This makes the ISA unable to fulfill its environmental stewardship mandate as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. To overcome this inability, we propose that the ISA defines Strategic Environmental Goals and Objectives by carrying out a Strategic Environmental Assessment of deep-sea mining in the Area, with broader stakeholder engagement and considerations for cumulative and long-term effects. This will allow the ISA to develop the first strategic environmental policy for the Area under its jurisdiction to protect deep-sea ecosystems.
Enhancing Collaboration and Support for the French Scientific Diaspora in the United States
Authors: Bianchi Joy J.
Published: April 2024

The French scientific diaspora in the United States (US) is a diverse community of professionals, essential for France and the host country. Their contribution to science and innovation, in both nations, stem from bilateral collaborations and knowledge exchange. Yet, while living abroad, this group of scientists faces multiple obstacles that can interfere with their productivity and influence. This report highlights the necessity of determining how numerous stakeholders can support and actively engage with this diaspora. To identify the needs of the French scientific community in the US, data was collected during seven interviews with diaspora network managers and analyzed various aspects defining the landscape of the community: the challenges and concerns it faces, the benefits of engaging in a diaspora network, and the opportunities to support these networks. These findings enumerate the difficulties encountered by the diaspora members and the networks themselves, ranging from lack of funding and administrative roadblocks to visibility and long-term sustainability issues. Moreover, the report underscores that involvement with other international diaspora networks considerably expands and diversifies professional connections, facilitating the exchange of experiences and best practices between networks. This analysis emphasizes the needs of the French scientific diaspora and the incentives and actions for supporting it, facilitating the establishment of a set of strategic recommendations for the European Union (EU), France, and the US. Furthermore, it proposes a series of measures to improve communication and collaboration, among French scientific diaspora networks and their international counterparts. Ultimately, by providing an in-depth comprehension of the French scientific diaspora in the US and establishing recommendations to foster these networks, this report paves the way for a more interconnected future, extending beyond the scientific sphere. Additionally, this study can serve as a guide for other scientific diasporas in the US or other regions of the world.
“How to Bridge the Gap”: Empowering Early-Career Scientists to Navigate the Science-Policy Interface—Conclusions from a Summer School
Authors: Chanvillard Lucie , Franz Pauline , Grasso Matteo , Pale Una , Robin Perrine
Published: April 2024

The “Science and Policy - How to Bridge the Gap” summer school, which took place in July 2023 in Switzerland, aimed to educate PhD students in natural science and engineering on engaging with policymakers effectively. Over the course of five days, the program covered various aspects of the Swiss and international science-policy interface, including the Science for Policy framework, concrete examples of evidence-based policy advice from scientists, and talks on the significance of Open Science (OS) and public engagement in fostering the dialogue between science and society. Additionally, multiple workshops illustrated science communication formats for different audiences, such as policymakers, stakeholders, and the general public. Organized by five PhD students with a natural science and/or engineering background, the event brought together thirty participants and featured twenty-eight speakers, creating a highly international and stimulating learning environment.

This workshop review, written by the summer school organizers, summarizes the school’s outcomes and aims to provide valuable insights for early-career scientists and engineers taking their first steps in science-informed policymaking. The roles scientists may play at the science-policy interface, the various meeting points (physical and ideological) to interact with decision-makers, tools for more effective communication with non-expert audiences, and the importance of OS and Citizen Science (CS) in integrating scientific information more widely into society are discussed. Based on the participants’ feedback, suggestions are also offered for future events on science and policy, which early-career researchers can implement in their respective universities and countries. Given the strong commitment of participants and their desire to create a community, the authors believe such workshops are essential to give early-career scientists the tools and network to actively engage in the science-policy landscape.
Recommendations for Improving the Use of Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing Databases in Law Enforcement Investigations
Authors: Cook Anisha
Published: April 2024

Prisoners are some of the most vulnerable populations in our society today, often relinquishing to the state everything from medical autonomy to family support. In a system where wrongful convictions are not unheard of, it is critical that we preserve the civil rights of investigative subjects wherever possible. Law enforcement agencies in the United States have increasingly begun using direct-to-consumer recreational genetic databases as a tool to enable forensic investigations. These commercial genetic testing companies analyze polymorphisms in DNA to isolate genealogical information, medical data, and other traits. Traditionally, law enforcement has been restricted to the use of matching repeating sequences in non-coding sections of DNA. However, through services like GEDMatch, law enforcement has gained access to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from upwards of 25 million consumers throughout the world. This rapidly developing technology must be regulated to ensure that consumers, as well as blood relatives of consumers, are not unfairly targeted by investigations. With studies indicating that DNA is typically reported as the single most important piece of evidence to jurors, it is in the best interests of policymakers to ensure that the DNA data is both accurate and used fairly. First, we will provide a background of the technology and regulation of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing databases in law enforcement. Second, we propose a mechanism by which states might legislate the appropriate use of these databases by law enforcement by limiting access and enforcing a double-blind system. This paper lays out the background and policy proposal for a requirement of direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies to communicate the possibility and type of information shared with law enforcement, and a framework by which policymakers can ensure unbiased and minimally intrusive use by law enforcement.
Dangers of Oxybenzone in Sunscreens on Coral Reefs: Proposed Policy Approaches
Authors: Florent Yasmine , Nemoto Mackenzie , Pratt Vanessa , Rowley Ana , Villegas Maria Isabel
Published: April 2024

Sunscreen was developed to combat the harmful effects of skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation, but organic UV filters like oxybenzone pose a threat to coral reefs by promoting bleaching incidents, damaging coral DNA, and interfering with coral larvae. Oxybenzone has also been found to cause a wide range of reproductive and developmental harm within other marine organisms, like fish and invertebrates. While there are alternative sunscreens that are less detrimental to coral such as mineral-based products, toxic oxybenzone-based sunscreens are still popular among cosmetic companies and consumers. Scientific findings in the past decade have demonstrated a connection between high concentrations of chemical UV filters and the destruction of marine ecosystems. This knowledge has prompted some governments in coastal regions to pass legislation aiming to limit the use of sunscreens containing these chemicals. These regulations provide beneficial case studies that can be used to develop further effective policies to federally ban these products in the United States. The jurisdictions of Hawaii, the US Virgin Islands, and Key West are model examples of successful implementation of such laws domestically. Based on efforts from such coastal communities, our suggested best practices to eliminate the threat posed by harmful sunscreens are to promote alternative sunscreen use, to define ‘reef-safe’ within the Federal Trade Commission’s Green Guides, and to impose a nationwide ban on oxybenzone. These recommendations provide a comprehensive plan to protect the United States’ fragile marine ecosystems.
Prevention and Mitigation of Disruptions in Medical Device Supply Chains: A Policy Perspective
Authors: Goswami Aman , Baveja Alok , Melamed Benjamin , Roberts Fred
Published: April 2024

New technologies and their connectivity to the internet render medical devices and their supply chains a target for worldwide criminal attacks. Disruptions to a medical device supply chain (MDSC), including cybersecurity attacks, have increased rapidly, with some sophisticated attacks compromising the availability and operation of life-critical devices. Understanding the impact of disruptions on MDSCs is difficult due to the attendant supply chain complexity. The lack of a systematic classification of disruptions to MDSCs limits the transferability of mitigation strategies. Thus, there is a need for evidence-based, actionable policy guidance for corporations and government agencies that address disruption risks to MDSCs. This paper first presents a disruption classification scheme based on historical and anticipated disruptions to MDSCs. Then, it introduces a model, dubbed the Focal-firm Supply-chain Integrated Model (FSIM), that integrates a focal-firm view of supply chains and attendant disruptions, illustrated through an MDSC example. Based on lessons learned from constructing a disruption classification and creating an FSIM map, we describe the following actionable insights: a) implementing procedures and technologies that enable early-detection of disruptions, b) accurate and timely information flows, c) continual monitoring of physical inventory levels and comparing them with digital data, d) enhanced and repeated testing at various supply chain testing sites, e) standardized metrics that measure the impact of disruptions, f) developing in advance a preparedness strategy and a planning process to allocate resources effectively, equitably, and transparently during disruptions, and g) the need for a common framework that bridges the medical device regulatory gaps across countries. These insights can guide MDSC stakeholders, including manufacturers, suppliers, service providers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and government agencies.
Plastic Packaging Waste Management: A Case in Implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility Policies in Minnesota
Authors: Meyersohn Marianne
Published: April 2024

The plastic pollution crisis is a global challenge affecting governments, private citizens, and the environment. Plastic packaging, which makes up approximately 40% of all plastic material produced globally, accounts for less than 10% of recycled material. This discrepancy highlights the rapid growth of various plastic types and difficulty for local governments to implement needed waste management practices or meet required capacities. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a model for multiple waste streams that places the post-consumer responsibility of a product on the producer. As governments seek to develop legislation to better manage plastic waste, EPR is a policy tool that will promote circularity. This paper discusses the successes and challenges of EPR policies in the European Union (EU), and in states that have enacted them, particularly in California. Many states have introduced or are seeking to introduce legislation on EPR for plastic packaging in the next few years. The Packaging Waste and Cost Reduction Act, a bill for a product stewardship program for plastic and paper packaging materials was recently introduced in the Minnesota state legislature in 2024. This policy paper discusses several EPR policy options and recommendations to improve transparency and success of future EPR bills in states seeking to enact legislation, including Minnesota.
Mitigating the Invasive Method of Hydraulic Fracturing Through a Phase Out Policy Plan
Authors: Moretti Ashlynn , Cianci Madilyn , Kimak Mina , Johns Savannah
Published: April 2024

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a process used to extract natural gas from shale deposits deep below the surface. Fracking is heralded as a “clean” energy source compared to other extraction methods due to comparatively low carbon emissions. The fracking industry decreases the U.S.’s dependence on foreign nations for energy and brings valuable job opportunities when sites are first established; however, affected communities do not experience the benefits of these economic “booms” for long. Concerns like increased cancer risk from air and water contamination are linked to fracking activity. Fracking operators are not required to disclose the contents of ‘proprietary’ fracking fluids used in extraction, which are known to contain chemicals that threaten public and environmental health. Fracking has detrimental effects on national public health and contributes to climate change through elevated methane emissions. Therefore, to help mitigate these challenges, we recommend a phase out plan including 1) increasing setback requirements and eliminating any exemptions, 2) managing methane (CH₄) leakages and improving monitoring systems on all sites, 3) mandating disclosure reports, and 4) mandating the collection of preliminary data to facilitate a bottom-up approach to management. We use Pennsylvania as a case study due to the state’s prevalence of fracking and the current policies and regulations in place for drilling.
Reducing the Risk of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality for Underserved Women
Authors: Olabode Simisolaoluwa , Grasser Lana
Published: April 2024

Maternal morbidity and mortality rates have been increasing in the United States. These outcomes are especially devastating for women of color, namely Black women, who are almost three times more likely to die from pregnancy complications, even when accounting for social factors. Disparities also persist for low-income women, veterans, and those in rural environments. To promote maternal health equity, we advocate for the passage of the Black Maternal Health Momnibus Act, which aims to address maternal health disparities for underserved populations. Further, many local and state initiatives can also aid in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.
Evolving Attitudes of Science Graduate Students Toward Science Policy and Communication
Authors: Schafer Emily
Published: April 2024

Widespread changes in the exchange and politicization of science have made it imperative for scientists to be prepared to engage in science communication and science policy. Separately, science graduate students express interest in a more diverse array of career trajectories beyond the traditional academic research path. These forces together inspire changes to graduate education to develop critical science communication and policy skills. However, universities remain focused on training students in primarily academic research skills. This case study measured changes to beliefs about and participation in science communication and policy among science graduate students over three years to better understand the evolution of interest in these practices. Importantly, not only did students report a significantly increased interest in and belief in the importance of science communication and policy, but also these increases were observed regardless of their initial beliefs. Graduate students also provided qualitative feedback about the reasons behind these changes and perceived barriers to participating in science communication and policy. These data help to both motivate universal changes to graduate education to include science communication and policy and to inform stakeholders on how these changes can be optimally designed to address barriers and interests. Finally, corresponding policy changes are recommended to departments, universities, scientific societies, and other stakeholders to enact effective change to graduate training.
Labels that limit: A framework for reducing sales of ornamental invasive plants
Authors: Teich Nathan , Eversole Kellye , Brown Cynthia S.
Published: April 2024

Invasive plants cost the US billions of dollars each year due to ecological and economic impacts as well as management costs. One of the most common pathways of introduction and spread of invasive plants is through ornamental plant sales. While solutions such as regulations and voluntary self-bans have been implemented in some instances to mitigate this problem, widespread adoption has not occurred. As such, new alternatives should be explored. Opt-in labeling programs are commonly used throughout the agricultural industry to better inform customers about the products they are purchasing. An opt-in labeling program that consists of a partnership between retailers and governments or non-profit organizations could help reduce the spread of invasive plants by influencing customer behavior. This approach would be less costly to retailers than regulations, create new invasive plant prevention opportunities for governments and nonprofits, and better inform consumers about specific invasive plant species.
Jump-Starting Global Grid Decarbonization: US-Dutch Partnerships Energize Utility-Scale Battery Deployment
Authors: Tuttle Paloma R. , Lindbergh Sarah , Moss Alan J.
Published: April 2024

The United States and the Netherlands heavily invest in renewable energy as part of their individual commitments to net zero emissions by 2050. Weather-dependent fluctuations in wind and solar power, along with limitations in legacy infrastructure and systems, restrict the on-demand use of these renewables and pose substantial bottlenecks to the energy transition. Integration of dynamic energy storage technologies into modernized electrical systems will provide crucial solutions to overcome these challenges. Herein, we profile stakeholder perspectives on the energy transition and present our recommendations for US-Dutch collaboration on utility-scale electrochemical battery solutions to update power grids with robust, accessible, and sustainable carbon-free flexible energy capacity.
An Efficient Tidal Dissipation Mechanism via Stellar Magnetic Fields
Authors: Duguid Craig D. , de Vries Nils B. , Lecoanet Daniel , Barker Adrian J.
Published: April 2024

Recent work suggests that inwardly propagating internal gravity waves (IGWs) within a star can be fully converted to outward magnetic waves if they encounter a sufficiently strong magnetic field. The resulting magnetic waves dissipate as they propagate outward to regions with lower Alfvén velocity. While tidal forcing is known to excite IGWs, this conversion and subsequent damping of magnetic waves have not been explored as a tidal dissipation mechanism. In particular, stars with sufficiently strong magnetic fields could fully dissipate tidally excited waves, yielding the same tidal evolution as the previously studied “traveling wave regime.” Here, we evaluate the viability of this mechanism using stellar models of stars with convective cores (F-type stars in the mass range of 1.2–1.6 M
⊙), which were previously thought to be weakly tidally dissipative (due to the absence of nonlinear gravity-wave breaking). The criterion for wave conversion to operate is evaluated for each stellar mass using the properties of each star’s interior along with estimates of the magnetic field produced by a convective core dynamo under the assumption of equipartition between kinetic (convective) and magnetic energies. Our main result is that this previously unexplored source of efficient tidal dissipation can operate in stars within this mass range for significant fractions of their lifetimes. This tidal dissipation mechanism appears to be consistent with the observed inspiral of WASP-12b and more generally could play an important role in the orbital evolution of hot Jupiters—and to lower-mass ultra-short-period planets—orbiting F-type stars.