bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species shifting composition of the Anopheles vector in Wongsorejo district - Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: Senjarini K , Setiawan R , Wathon S , Oktarianti R
Published: December 2021

Malaria’s cases have been reported to occur annually in Wongsorejo district of Banyuwangi, East Java since 2002. However, there is a significant decrease of malaria cases during these last years, which might be related to the malaria vector species shifting composition. The objective of this research was to observe some important bionomic characteristics of malaria vector Anopheles in this area from 2015 until 2020 which include species identification, blood feeding behaviour and biting preference of vector. The data collection i.e. determination of Anopheles diversity and behaviour was conducted monthly for 3-6 months annually from 2015 – 2018. In 2019-2020 we sampled irregularly to see the trend. The results showed that there were species shifting of Anopheles vectors in this area. The proportion of Anopheles (An.) sundaicus and An. subpictus, which were previously reported until 2015 as the main Anopheles species in this area, significantly decreased in 2016 - 2018. An. indefinitus & An. vagus was becoming the majority of Anopheles species. During 2019-2020, An. vagus became the main species identified in the sampling area. The predominant species of An. vagus and An. indefinitus has exophagic and zoophilic preference behaviour. Furthermore, An. indefinitus has not previously been identified as a vector for malaria, compared to An. sundaius, and An. subpictus which are well known as an important primary malaria vector on Java Island, Indonesia.
Extensive anterior myocardial infarction of an older non diabetic patient has better prognosis compared to a younger patient: a case report
Authors: Tanti A , Humaera N N , Rafiq A , Pintaningrum Y
Published: December 2021

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) incidence rates has been decreased inversely to non-STEMI (121 to 77, 126 to 132 per 100.000 case respectively). Diabetes as a risk factors of STEMI is found in 20% patients. The increment of fibrinogen level in diabetic patient may induce compact clots resistance to fibrinolysis that lead to hypercoagulable state problem. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a non-surgical invasive procedure, can be done to relieve the obstruction. We reported two case reports, patients with anterior extensive STEMI who had underwent primary PCI. Both patients were found a total occlusion at proximal segment of LAD. First case was presented type 2 diabetes mellitus as comorbid while the second case was without diabetes. High burden thrombus was found on the diabetic patient which had poor prognosis, but on the non diabetic patient was found only less thrombus which was more stable condition. There is a strong correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Glucose control is important for prevention of CVD. Dietary changes that are characterized by increased use of natural sources diets such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruit-based foods and increased physical activity is remarkably strong factors for diabetes prevention.
Characteristics of Indonesian Society in Utilizing Herbs for Covid Prevention during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Harfiani Erna , Puspita Ratna , Ramadhani Isniani
Published: December 2021

Until now, Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) is still a significant problem in various countries in the world and Indonesia. Various prevention efforts continue to be carried out by people around the world. In Indonesia, prevention efforts continue to be made, including the use of vaccines and herbs. Herbs are plants that can be used as medicine. This study aims to determine the use of herbal medicines to prevent Covid-19 during the pandemic in several regions in Indonesia. Questionnaires were distributed to the public in several provinces in Indonesia. The questionnaire was given in the form of a G form which was distributed online. The results obtained from the questionnaire show that the Indonesian people who use herbs are more female (66.4%) than male, aged 17-25 years (29.9%), with undergraduate/diploma education (42.7%). At the same time, the types of herbs that are widely consumed are herbal concoctions themselves (45.3%), where the use of these herbal medicines has increased in the last year (41.4%). Herbal medicines can be an alternative for the Indonesian people to prevent being infected with Covid-19.
Assessment of the level of drainage services in Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed), Balikpapan, Indonesia
Authors: Nursaiba A , Ulimaz M
Published: December 2021

Flood is a major disaster in Balikpapan City. One of the locations experiencing high flooding is in the Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed), especially in Mayor Polisi Zainal Arifin Street. One of the causes of this flood-prone area is the suboptimal drainage conditions. This study aimed to assess the drainage services in the Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed), of Mayor Polisi Zainal Arifin Street to observe the drainage services and overcome flood problems. Achieving such goals was done by analyzing the service level of the drainage channel by using the scoring and weighting method. The scoring and weighting method produced classifications of drainage services in the Damai settlement area (Ampal River Watershed) on Mayor Polisi Zainal Arifin Street, namely, medium and bad drainage services. There is segment 2 channel 2A, segment 3 channel 3A, segment 4 channel 4A, and segment 5 on channel 5A and 5B classified as having bad service level and there are 13 channels classified as having moderate service levels.
Potential of urban greening for carbon dioxide reduction from transportation sector
Authors: Meidiana C , Leliana D H , Agustina D
Published: December 2021

Various urban activities which exist in different lands uses in Mojokerto City such as settlement, commercial area, public service, and industrial area form the urban dynamic. Urban dynamic is stimulated by some factors including mobility of people and goods, information, and money. People’s mobility which dominates the urban mobility is accommodated by transportation mode causing transportation sector ranks the top first sector contributing to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in urban area, including Mojokerto City. Therefore, the study aims to propose reasonable solution for CO2 emissions reduction from transportation sector. The total amount of CO2 emissions is calculated first, and vegetation capacity to absorb CO2 is calculated afterwards using the formula for emission generation and bio capacity respectively. Development of urban greening is proposed to improve the bio-capacity of urban greening to absorb the remaining emissions. Based on the emission calculation, the total amount of CO2 emissions from transportation sector ranges between 6.6 to to 262.1 ton/year depending on the traffic volume and the distance covered by motorized vehicles. Meanwhile, calculation of bio capacity shows that the average absorption of vegetation in Mojokerto City is only 863.91 ton/yr. Improving urban greening area by planting more trees with higher absorption capacity is proposed to absorb the remaining emission. Calculation shows that enhanced urban greening can increase the emission absorption from 4% to 7% of the total emission from transportation sector.
Assessment of landslide risk in the mountainous area. Case study: Bumiaji Sub-District
Authors: Prasetya A R A , Rachmawati T A , Usman F
Published: December 2021

Throughout 2016-2021, there were 31 landslides that have caused physical, economic, and social damages. Bumiaji Sub-District has several tourist destinations that are potentially exposed to landslides. This study aims to create a landslide risk map in Bumiaji Sub-District. This research was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Therefore, the data collected was secondary data obtained from Google satellite images, Google Street View, the digital elevation model from the National Geospatial Institution, and other literature reviews. The data was then analysed using a landslide risk assessment based on Perka BNPB Number 2/2012. The results of this risk analysis show that Bumiaji Sub-District is dominated by low-level risk (48%), followed by high-level risk (30%), and medium-level risk (15%). High-risk level is affected by high hazards and vulnerabilities, especially in Giripurno Village. High hazard level is affected by high intensity of rainfall, slope degree, the sensitivity of soil to erosion, and the type of land cover. High vulnerabilities are affected by physical, social, and economic aspects susceptible to losses.
DEMATEL operation as supporting tool in defining Strategic issue of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): A case study of SEA for development plan of Jombang Municipality
Authors: Wijaya I N S , Nurlaelih E E
Published: December 2021

The difficulty in performing Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the municipal development planning process has not merely concerned with aspects such as time, data, and budget for the project. One crucial problem involves the limitation of knowledge and practical capability of the local government to conduct the analysis. At the municipal level, defining the environmental issue has become a catastrophe in the decision-making process. Most Indonesian municipal governments have difficulties in drafting the most strategic environmental issue regarding mess ecological phenomena. Meanwhile, the most strategic issue plays vital roles for developing the scenario of the development plan. This paper aims to demonstrate the application of the DEMATEL Technique in defining the strategic environmental issue at a municipal level. In addition, this paper examines the SEA process of Jombang Municipality, especially the conducted analysis in assisting the municipal government decision-making towards Jombang’s most strategic environmental issue. As a result, the DEMATEL has proved to be the effective technique to draw the logical interrelation map among the critical environmental issues. Further, upon applying the interrelation map, the most influencing issue for others are feasible to be identified and defined as the most strategic environmental issue.
Double-sided Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of 25 mm S690QL High Strength Steel
Authors: Sørensen C , Nissen A , Brynning C , Nielsen J , Schøn R , Malefijt R , Kristiansen M
Published: December 2021

Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding (HLAW) technique is an enabler for the next generation high efficiency we lding, bu t in dustrial ad option ha s be en li mited du e to pr ocess complexity. Previously documented challenges with root cracks posed by incomplete penetration were significant; h owever, t his w ork p resents s uccessful w eld s amples p repared f rom S 690QL steel welded from two sides with a 16 kW disc laser. Weld travel speeds below 500 mm/min and weld line energies between 1.7 and 1.9 kJ/mm gave sound weld samples, evaluated for yield strength, elongation, hardness and Charpy-V toughness according to DS/EN ISO 10025-6:2004+A1. The results shown here indicate a significant i ncrease i n t he overall e fficiency of but t wel ds in high strength steels and further cement the HLAW process for high strength steels. It is shown that the consecutive nature of the weld procedure led to non-negligible interpass temperatures for the second weld.
Gas flow study for development of a novel shielding gas nozzle for directed energy deposition processes using computational fluid dynamic simulations
Authors: Nalam Yogesh , Hauser Tobias , Peter Breese Philipp , Kamps Tobias , Küsters Yves , Hama-Saleh Abdullah Rebar , Volpp Joerg , Kaplan Alexander F H
Published: December 2021

Directed energy deposition (DED) enables the additive manufacturing of several materials such as molybdenum alloys that are very difficult to process by conventional methods. Some of these materials are highly reactive to gases in ambient atmosphere such as oxygen, and nitrogen. Oxidation during additive manufacturing significantly influences the mechanical properties of a part. In some cases, the shielding gas coverage of standard powder nozzles is not sufficient, and oxidation still takes place. A functional prototype of a compound multi flow path annular nozzle was developed using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Simulations were performed using multi-component miscible gas model. Prototypes were manufactured for several design iterations to test their functionality in cold flow conditions. In the end, an Inconel based prototype was built, using laser powder bed fusion. The volume of shielding gas cover over the substrate improved with the proposed design and the radial extent of 80 ppm oxygen concentration increased from 8 mm to 25 mm. Finally, Mo-Si-B alloy was deposited on a 1000 °C pre-heated substrate without significant oxidation or cracks.
The use of non-spherical powder particles in Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Fedina Tatiana , Sundqvist Jesper , Kaplan Alexander F. H.
Published: December 2021

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) generally involves the use of near-spherical powders due to their smooth morphology and enhanced flowability that allow for easier powder layering and laser processing. Non-spherical powders, on the other hand, are more cost-efficient to manufacture, however, the underlying mechanisms of their movement and interparticle interaction on the powder bed are still unclear. Thus, this study reports on the use of irregular iron-based powder material in LPBF, with a specific focus on particle motion and interaction behavior on the powder bed. The powder morphology, sphericity and particle size were analysed using X-ray computed microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the acquired data and by using a simplified analytical calculation, the influence of the particle shape/size on the particle movement in LPBF was established. High-speed imaging was employed to investigate the particle flow dynamics in the process zone, as well as the powder entrainment phenomenon. Particle entrainment and entrainment distances along the scanning direction were measured for near-spherical and non-spherical powders. The obtained results were compared between the powders, revealing a dissimilar particle transfer behavior. Non-spherical powder had a shorter entrainment distance partly attributed to the weaker drag force acting on these particles.
Structural performance of laser welded edge joints made of high-strength steel
Authors: Peippo Juha , Ahola Antti , Björk Timo , Salminen Antti
Published: December 2021

Laser welding is a widely-used fusion welding process in industry. However, laser welding is not a common welding process in the manufacture of industrial crane structures. There has been a remarkable increase in the available strength classes of steel grades over the last 10 years, such that strengths of up to 1200 MPa are now commercially available. This enables the use of thinner materials in welded products and at the same time, has opened up new possibilities for using laser welding more widely in the manufacture of steel structures. This study focuses on the static and fatigue strength of the laser-welded joints. Details investigated are edge joint with flange preparation between two rectangular tubes and edge joint between flat bar and rectangular tube. A novel fatigue strength assessment concept, the FATmod method, is applied to assess the theoretical fatigue performance of the joint in comparison with the effective notch stress method with a FAT630 design curve. The FATmod method is based on the local stress ratio at a fatigue-critical point of the joint and the analysis considers the strength of the material, surface quality and applied stress ratio in the assessment of fatigue. The study shows that the samples failed from the base material side in static tests and the FATmod method developed was found to agree well with the test results.
Approximation of Functions in Multi-criterial Synthesis of Composite Materials
Authors: Budylina Eugenia , Garkina Irina , Danilov Alexander
Published: December 2021

A prerequisite for the synthesis of composite materials as complex systems is the principles of the control paradigm of Peace and the effectiveness of mathematics (for any reality and any given (not absolute) accuracy, there is a mathematical structure that describes this reality with this accuracy; the converse is also true (homomorphism, arbitrarily close to isomorphism between reality and mathematical structures)).The proposed methodology for managing the identification process (design of composites) includes the process of human choice: the probabilistic nature of the control; the main reason for the inadequacy of a purely analytical research procedure. Here, the optimization of the control of the properties of the composite is carried out experimentally on the model as a result of the approximation of the response function: not the generalized functional is approximated, but the particular criteria of which it consists. The development of composite materials is carried out on the basis of evaluating the parameters of the formation of operational properties. The parameters of each of the kinetic processes of the formation of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material were taken as particular criteria. Kinetic processes are asymptotic for the composites under study and contain extremum and inflection points. A method is used to approximate multidimensional table-defined functions by generalized polynomials of a particular form. In the parametric identification of kinetic processes, their parameters are considered basic. Approximating models of the main properties are presented. Vector optimization of properties (selection of recipes, technologies and methods of material quality control) is carried out by overcoming ambiguities of goals using linear convolution, introducing benchmarks, building Pareto sets, etc. The expediency of using a systematic approach (the hierarchical structure of properties and the hierarchical structure of the composite proper) to the design of building materials as complex systems is shown. The research results are introduced as prototypes of new identification systems in the development of composite materials with adjustable structure and properties, in contrast to the replication of reference applied developments of identification theory in various industries.
Mathematical Apparatus for the Synthesis of Composite Materials with Specified Properties
Authors: Budylina Eugenia , Garkina Irina , Danilov Alexander
Published: December 2021

The meaning of the creation and functioning of the system is defined as the achievement of extreme values of goals that unite the individual elements of the system into a single whole. Based on this, the main system attributes of composite materials are indicated. It is assumed that the systemic effect is generated by the systemic properties of quality criteria. The implementation of the technical task is initially determined at the stage of cognitive modeling with the establishment of intensive and extensive properties with the allocation of control parameters. Based on the cognitive map, hierarchical structures of quality criteria are determined, and in accordance with the selected quality criteria, the corresponding structural schemes of the system (for each selected scale level). Further, the system's quality criteria are formalized, and mathematical models are developed in accordance with each of the criteria. The main purpose of using system analysis is to apply the general principles of decomposition of the system into individual elements and establish connections between them, in determining the research goal and stages to achieve this goal (based on solving single-criterion optimization problems using the found optimal values). The formalization of the multicriteria problem and its solution are made based on the required operational values, the type of kinetic processes of the formation of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material (determine its structure and properties). The problem of materials synthesis is reduced to the choice of the order and type of the differential equation; parametric identification within the chosen model; comparison of experimental and model kinetic processes at a given accuracy; adjusting the model (if necessary). Therefore, it is important to interpolate the kinetic processes of the formation of the main physical and mechanical characteristics of composite materials. The technological process is considered as a complex system consisting of elements of various levels of detail: from atomic to a separate process. Decomposition of the technological process consists in dividing it into basic operations (elements): preparation of materials, mixing of components, molding of a semi-finished product, heat treatment and additional operations. The effectiveness of this approach was confirmed in the development of chemically resistant sulfur composites, epoxy composites for radiation protection, etc. The initial prerequisite was the required operational values of the material and the type of kinetic processes. The results of effective use of interpolation models (including splines) of compressive strength, heat release, and shrinkage of composite epoxy materials are presented.
Historical and Modern Bridges over the Elbe-Vltava Waterway
Authors: Chvojková Petra Nešvarová , Fošumpaur Pavel , Hladík Martin , Horský Martin , Kašpar Tomáš , Králík Martin , Zukal Milan
Published: December 2021

The Elbe-Vltava Waterway (EVW) consists of continuously navigable sections of the Vltava and Elbe rivers in the Czech Republic comprising a total length of over 300 km. Most of the length of this waterway was obtained by building a system of interconnected weir basins using the canalization method. Detailed plans for making this waterway navigable started in the early 19th century, and the construction of the structures was enabled by the Austro-Hungarian Water Act of 1869. So, most locks along this waterway constitute a part of industrial heritage. Among its main structures are weirs, hydroelectric power stations and locks designed by pre-eminent Czech architects of the 19th and early-20th centuries. Many of them are excellent examples of modernist industrial architecture. Since the beginning of construction of the weir system along the EVW, bridge construction also came into focus in order to provide transportation access to both banks of the Elbe and Vltava rivers in this historically heavily urbanised area of Bohemia. This article deals with the historical development of bridge constructions over the EVW, systematically categorising them as road, railway and pedestrian bridges. Focus is on the basic technical aspects of the bridge design and technical solution, but also on their historical value and the need for a sensitive approach to their modernisation. The goal of the research is to complete the current web application www.lvvc.cz devoted to the EVW structures with the architectonically and technically most interesting bridges, including their histories. The system has been designed as an expert system, making the archived historical documents, maps, plans and photographs available for use by government institutions as well as by the general public for education and for the protection of this technical cultural heritage. The research was conducted as part of project no. DG18P02OVV004 entitled “Documentation and presentation of technical cultural heritage along the Elbe-Vltava Waterway” within a support programme for applied research and experimental development of national and cultural identity, funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.
Vibrations of Slender Structures Caused by Vortices
Authors: Gołębiowska Irena , Dutkiewicz Maciej , Lamparski Tomasz , Hajyalikhani Poorya
Published: December 2021

Slender cylindrical structures such as overhead transmission lines, skyscrapers, chimneys, risers, and pipelines can experience flow induced vibration (FIV). The vortex vibrations are a type of FIV; they arise because of oscillating forces caused by flow separation and the detachment of vortices. The paper presents a brief overview of experimental research on vortex induced vibration - VIV of short, rigid cylinders elastically supported (with a small aspect ratio). This overview summarizes the basic results of the vortex vibration (VIV) which have been performed in the last five decades. These studies were mainly related to determining the influence of selected parameters - mass, damping and Reynolds number on the cylinder response, either in one direction only or simultaneously in the flow direction and transverse to the flow direction, and with the search for a map of vortex images in the trace (vortex wake pattern map).
Seismic Performance of a New Type Steel-Concrete Composite Shear Wall
Authors: Zhang Qilin , Huang Yanan , Xu Guojun , Jiang Lu
Published: December 2021

Using steel-concrete composite section is an efficient method for improving the behaviour of shear wall under seismic action. In consideration of the complex configuration of traditional composite shear wall and the time-consuming constructing process, based on the existing research, partially encased composite section was introduced into shear wall system. The partially encased composite shear wall (PECSW) is composed of a steel bone, some horizontal links and a group of concrete columns. The steel bone is a steel web, welded with vertical ribs and flanges in both side at certain interval. The horizontal links connect the flanges (or vertical ribs) and vertical ribs. Concrete is poured on both sides of steel web, between flanges (or vertical ribs) and vertical ribs, formulating several independent long concrete columns. The PECSW can be bulk prefabricated in the factory and transported to the site to install. Because of no vertical rebar in PECSWs, the PECSW structure, which consists of PECSWs and other precast concrete structural elements, can be assembled quickly. This paper reports an experimental study on the seismic behaviour of the PECSW under cyclic lateral loading. Two full-scale single-bay, single-story specimens were constructed. The bearing capacity, energy consumption, stiffness and other performance data had been discussed based on the results of experiment. To explore the possibility of simplifying configuration of PECSW, the web of one specimen was welded with stud shear connectors on both side while the web of another specimen wasn’t. The test results show that the PEC shear wall has a good seismic behaviour. Both specimens followed bending failure mode. The concrete columns offered the vertical bearing capacity as well as the flexural bearing capacity. The concrete and the horizontal links between flanges and ribs provided effective support against local buckling of the flanges, once broken occurred between the links and the flanges, the flanges buckled severely, and the bearing capacity of PECSW fell accordingly. The initial stiffness, yield drift, peak point bearing capacity, accumulated energy dissipation of the PECSW specimens with and without stud shear connectors was basically identical. Then, parametric studies were conducted through numerical simulation so that the contribution of links and the stud shear connectors can be evaluated. According to the research above, the concrete part in the PECSW can postpone local buckling of steel sheet. The horizontal links in the PECSW support interaction between steel and concrete, provide concrete anchorage to steel bone. In general, the PECSW has commendable seismic behaviours and deserve further study.
Stone Works Valuation within Immovable Cultural Heritage Monuments Restoration
Authors: Fučíková Petra , Tichá Alena , Mrňová Zuzana , Tichý Jan
Published: December 2021

Historic buildings and their stone parts represent both specific functional architectural features of constructions and important aspects of the cultural heritage. They provide important and valuable proof of development, style, and architecture, level of decorative art, and material processing techniques. However, these historic buildings need restoration so that their legacy can be preserved for future generations. The quality of restoration work tends to be closely related to work price. At present, however, prices for the restoration of stone parts of historic buildings are determined intuitively, based on their complexity, uniqueness, and specificity of restoration work. The valuation of restoration work is therefore carried out mainly by the private sector, based on the experience of individual budgeters and restorers. Due to the fact that the limits of the maximum and minimum scope of individual actions are not set, incorrect valuation can occur, which, in the case of subsequent implementation, may damage, or even in fact damages, the restoration activity as such. Based on this, the article deals with valuation of stone works restoration in real historic structures. It introduces and describes the proposal for systematic classification of these types of work, the procedure for setting standards for time units and consequently the proposal of formula structure for calculating costs and prices. The aim of the article is to introduce the use of standardised procedures for pricing of stone works restoration and thereby create a comparative and cost bases in order to make a qualified choice of restoration specialists.
Investigating the Values of Modern Architectural Heritage in Dubai, UAE
Authors: Alsuwaidi Fatima , Sabri Reyhan , Belpoliti Vittorino
Published: December 2021

In the last half-century, the world has witnessed a fast-paced technological development where cities have been changing tremendously in terms of infrastructure, public health, and quality of life. Looking into the Middle East and specifically in the Gulf states, the rapid urban growth started in the late 20th century has made the status of heritage structures more vulnerable. Cultural heritage in general and modern architectural heritage in particular, are facing extreme danger, which in turn leads to the loss of cultural identity and memory. The paper investigates the modern architectural heritage of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), taking Dubai as a case study. Due to the constant urban and architectural growth that Dubai has been witnessing since the 1950s, its 20th-century heritage has been put in extreme danger of neglect, or extreme physical alterations and, in many cases, demolishment. The UAE governmental bodies have started launching initiatives for the study and preservation of the modern architectural heritage, beginning with the Dubai Municipality’s initiative in 2017, and continuing on a wider scope with the UAE’s Ministry of Culture and Youth initiative in 2019. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this process by establishing a chronological overview of the various architectural expressions of the modern era in the UAE. In that sense, the paper introduces a set of commercial architectural examples built in Dubai during the period between the 1960s and the 1970s. As well, it identifies and analyses their cultural and architectural characteristics, and assesses their values based on a chronological, morphological, and stylistic overview. The paper provides preliminary results and key findings and discusses possible guidelines and evaluation criteria to identify and evaluate Dubai’s modern built environment to aid their identification and ranking process, as well as promoting the shaping of conservation policies.
Possibility of Using Cotton Knitted Fabric Waste in Concrete
Authors: Bartulović Bruno , Juradin Sandra , Žižić Dujmo , Mrakovčić Silvija
Published: December 2021

The use of waste and recycled materials in the construction industry, especially in concrete production, is becoming increasingly popular. The production of cotton underwear generates a certain amount of knitted fabric waste. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using cotton knitted fabric waste (CKFW) in concrete and to explore its potential application in the construction industry. The aim of the study is not only to reduce the waste but also to add positive properties to the concrete. A total of 4 mixes were prepared for testing purposes. CKFW were cut into small pieces of size about 6-8 cm x 2 cm. The addition of CKFW was a substitute for aggregates and replaced 0, 2.5, 5 and 10% of the total volume of aggregates in the concrete mix to make the concrete lighter. All mixes have the same amount of cement, water and superplasticizer. The knitted waste was saturated in water before mixing with other concrete components. The properties of the fresh mix were determined by slump method. The dynamic modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and compressive strength were tested on 28 days old concrete specimens. The σ-δ diagram is also presented. It was found that specimens with CKFW have better flexural strength and higher ductility but lower compressive strength than the reference concrete mix. The mix with the highest percentage of CKFW reduced the compressive strength by 28%, while the specimens with lower percentage of CKFW increased the flexural strength by 20% compared to the reference mix. The capillary water absorption capacity of concrete is closely related to its durability. The water absorption by capillarity was measured after 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 45, 60 min, and 4 and 24 h. The increase in the amount of water absorbed was found to be higher than that of the reference mix. It was related to the percentage increase in the knitted waste and the values obtained ranged from 3.3 to 5.6% of the mass of the dry sample. The largest reduction in concrete density was 3.8% compared to the reference mix. Based on the obtained results, recommendations for further tests are given.
Site Planning and Architectural Conceptual Design of a Electronics Factory Based on the Component Method
Authors: Haiyan Dai , Hong Zhang , Chunnan Han , Bing Meng
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of the society and the economy, the urbanization have brought a lot of big impacts to China’s urban construction. The construction mode of large resource consumption is not consistent with the goal of sustainable development. At the same time, the number of workers in the construction industry is difficult to meet the needs of a large number of construction projects, and the labor cost is growing rapidly. Therefore,the architectural products need to be transformed and we need to build a sustainable urban construction system. By analyzing the transform under urbanization and traditional architectural design methods, the paper research the component method. Then, we show the application of this in site planning and architectural design. The project is in Jiangsu Province, China. The first work of the project was site planning. At this stage, the construction site requirements of prefabricated buildings were specially considered. After that, we entered the stage of architectural conceptual design, designers used component method to decompose the component system into several levels. The first level includes four functional systems, which are structure functional system, enclosure functional system, decoration functional system and equipment functional system. This paper mainly introduces the structure function system and enclosure function system.We hope that through the practice of component method, on the one hand, it can provide a method to link the design content of urban planning and architectural design; on the other hand, it can prepare for city information model.
Evaluation of the flow velocity distribution in the intake structure of a small hydropower plant
Authors: Bytčanková Lucia , Rumann Ján , Dušička Peter
Published: December 2021

Intake structures are an important part of small hydropower plants, which affect the water flow, turbine operation and total power of power plant. The flow quality is significantly influenced by the flow homogeneity in the intakes, as the inhomogeneous flow velocity distribution has a negative impact to the operation of the hydropower plants, such as uneven load on the mechanical parts which leads to decrease in efficiency and faster aging of turbine parts. The paper describes the flow assessment in the intake structures of a low-pressure small hydropower plant (the Stará Ľubovňa small hydropower plant) with respect to the flow homogeneity. The River2D, 2D numerical modelling software, has been used for evaluation of flow in the intakes. Flow simulations for the current state of operation have been modelled. In assessing the current situation of intake structure, scenarios were modelled. The boundary conditions were changed to approximate the various variants of hydropower plant operation. The simulations proved the negative impact of the construction solution for the flow conditions in the intakes. This appears mostly in profiles of coarse racks and screenings where is a significant unequal distribution of flow and significant deviation in flow velocities from the recommended values. The simulations results were evaluated in turbine intake profiles (profile of screenings), where the distribution of flow velocities was evaluated. The flow velocities in this profile were compared with the average flow velocity in the turbine intake profile. In order to optimize the velocity distribution in the intake structure, the modification of the intake shapes has been proposed. The subject of the proposal was to improve flow parameters. Simulations were created for the modification that were subsequently reviewed. The modification was compared to the current situation of the intakes.
Architectonics of domed temples of modern Ukraine
Authors: Cherkes Bohdan , Diachok Oksana , Kolodrubska Oleksandra , Myroniuk Sofiia , Oleg Chuyko
Published: December 2021

The article highlights some results of scientific work conducted by the Institute of Architecture and Design of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Fine Arts and Design, Ternopil Pedagogical University, Department of Design Architectural Environment Lviv National Agrarian University and Art TheoryVasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University.Scientists study the art of temple building on the territory of Ukraine. The analysis was conducted based on reliable sources - archival, publications of leading scientists, their own field research. The method of field inspections included visual inspection of sacred complexes, architectural measurements, photography, sketches, etc. The aim of the scientific work is to study the genesis of the architectural and constructive creation of the sacral dome space through the tradition of Ukrainian shrines and the development of modern trends in temple building. Tradition is one of the most important components and means of creating Ukrainian church architecture. It is an expression of national features and characteristics, its identification. The most canonical type of Ukrainian churches is the cross-domes churches, which is associated with the adoption of Christianity. This tradition is closely connected with the liturgical process and is based on a combination of Eastern and Western building traditions. In figurative and compositional expression, the dome is dominant, and tectonic accent. The architecture of dome temples depends on the capabilities of structures and building materials, which are important factors in the formation process. The authors explore the traditional ways of erecting cross-dome temples on the territory of Ukraine, which are indicative and expressive features of Ukrainian temples. An important group of dome temples are buildings created in the modern period, when architects were looking for signs of Ukrainian national style. Particularly valuable is research related to the construction of neoukrainian traditional and neoteric temples designed by Ukrainian architects. Their planning and spatial decisions directly depend on new construction materials and design solutions. Some temples are described, which are an example of innovation, but at the same time are based on national traditions. Thus, the article examines the genesis of the creation and architecture of the Ukrainian cross-domed temples. Defined peculiarities of the search for national features and identification in the Ukrainian temple building in the interwar period was determined. Highlighted contribution of modern architects and designers to the process of revival of temple building in Ukraine.
Recycling of Waste Materials Using Bitumen Emulsion for Road Pavement Stabilized Base Courses: a Laboratory Investigation
Authors: Baldo Nicola , Miani Matteo , Rondinella Fabio , Pasetto Marco
Published: December 2021

The valorisation and reuse of waste materials can enhance the environmental sustainability of road constructions, especially by means of cold recycling techniques, which, moreover, allow to reduce polluting emissions in atmosphere. Among the various technological approaches, the use of bitumen emulsion to stabilize waste materials is very common, especially in case of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates. However, even other types of waste materials could be considered using a Cold Central Plant Recycling (CCPR) approach. The paper discusses the main results of a laboratory investigation aimed to evaluate the mechanical performance of bitumen emulsion stabilized mixtures for road pavements base courses, prepared with RAP, steel slag, coal ash and glass wastes, used with various percentages. In a first step of the laboratory study, both physical and toxicological properties of each waste material have been investigated, in order to assess their environmental compatibility. Subsequently, an extensive mechanical analysis of the bitumen emulsion stabilized mixtures has been carried out in the laboratory, in terms of indirect tensile strength, indirect tensile stiffness modulus at three temperatures (10°C, 25°C, 40°C) and repeated load axial tests at 30°C. The moisture resistance of the mixes has been also investigated by means of indirect tensile strength tests carried out on soaked specimens. Very good results have been observed, depending on the mix composition: indirect tensile strength at 25 °C on dry specimens up to 0.52 MPa and stiffness modulus up to 4,056 MPa (at 25 °C, for a rise time equal to 124 ms). Therefore, it has been verified that the waste materials considered in the study can be successfully reused to completely substitute conventional aggregates in bitumen emulsion stabilized mixtures for road pavements base courses.
Assessing Structural Safety of an Arch Dam Using in Situ Vibration Tests
Authors: Gaftoi Daniel , Abdulamit Altan , Aldea Alexandru , Sarghiuta Radu , Popescu Catalin
Published: December 2021

Safety of large dams has always been a major concern for engineers throughout the world but also for public opinion, mass-media and politicians. This is usually based on the fact that the collapse of a large dam could result in huge consequences such as fatalities, economic and/or environmental losses. Nowadays, it is well known that an important factor adversely influencing the safety of such a complex structure like a dam is represented by ageing as a process and ageing related phenomena. Since some 85% of all existing large dams are built in the last 50 years, safety influenced by different decay processes became an important issue to be analysed by dam engineers. In this regard, in situ ambient vibration measurements used to identify the dynamic response characteristics of a large dam seems to represent an appealing non-destructive technique to assess the structural and material characteristics changes and thus to monitor the safety status of the structure. The paper presents the use of the above mentioned procedure by a Romanian team of dam specialists who developed a method combining experimental and analytical techniques for the assessment of the health status of large concrete dams. The Global Elastic Modulus Method (GEMM) was initially used for analysing buttress dams, then it was extended to assess arch dams’ safety state. The most recent evaluation was made upon a 48 m height arch dam in Romania, Cincis dam, located in the central part of the country. The paper is structured into 3 main parts: Introduction, explaining the concept of the hybrid model (the mathematical model bounded to a certain in situ measurement program and calibrated using the recorded data) and of the global elastic modulus (GEM) associated with the dam structure; Experimental, presenting the used equipment, measuring scheme and the processing of the recorded data, ending with the results from spectral analyses; Analytical, presenting the mathematical model developed for the dam structure and its calibration aiming to identify the natural response frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the analysed structure. Final conclusions and recommendations are made.
Building's heat potential on resources in respect to CO2 emissions and primary energy reduction (Case study)
Authors: Vranay Frantisek , Vranayova Zuzana , Lis Anna
Published: December 2021

An increased utilization of renewable energy sources for heating and electricity generation is one of the main tasks of the Slovak Republic. The main hypothesis is that heat pumps are very energy-efficient, and therefore environmentally benign, while providing heating and cooling in many applications. Within good conditions, the energy from low-positional heat, in other way unusable, is used to supply the energy for heat pumps. The paper confirms the applicability of such systems for long term (about 25 years). A building in Košice was used as the model of the transformation of a common office object into the character of a green and energy active one with the target programme being a sustainable building with zero balance of the energy from the network. From the comparison of the past and present operation data of the building, it is possible to show the big advantage of the usage of the heat pump water-water to the energy supply system. At favourable technical conditions in a heat supply system, it becomes the most advantageous solution in achieving today’s targets - minimum emission production combined with investment, low operating costs and achieving necessary human thermal comfort. The convenience of the system increases as it can switch between the cooling and heating process according to conditions. For the whole observed period, the energy consumption is reduced by 70%, the primary energy decreased by 69% compared to 1996 and CO2 emissions were reduced by 98%. The simulations of the object were performed and verified based on the measured data.
CIM And CIM Platform Practical Use in China Review
Authors: Mozuriunaite Skirmante , Haiyan Gu
Published: December 2021

City Information Modelling (CIM) is becoming an important base model of Smart City and Digital Twin City, which can realise intelligent city design and management. Lately, CIM has become the focuses of urban planning and design studies. Under the influence of building information model (BIM), smart city and three-dimensional city simulation, city-level information modelling, CIM connects different BIM levels integrates the spatial expression effect of GIS. This review introduces CIM development from using generating procedures, such as rules and typological processes, to analyse urban scenarios to form the city full information scene through the integration of BIM, GIS, and IoT. The paper also overviews the technical path of construction with CIM implementation, problems existing in the current practice of CIM technology, including all information of digital and lightweight data, scene fast calls and data standard uniformity, etc. Following the latest CIM progress, the paper puts forward some ways to realise the effective use of CIM in urban planning and design. The further review focuses on big data security, publicity, urban design element and CIM platform practical use in China.