bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Investigation of the Eyewall Evolution in a Landfalling Typhoon
Authors: Wu Chun-Chieh , Cheng Hsiu-Ju , Wang Yuqing , Chou Kun-Hsuan
Published: July 2008

An interesting eyewall evolution occurred in Typhoon Zeb (1998) when it devastated Luzon. The eyewall of Zeb contracted before landfall and broke down and weakened after landfall; then a much larger new eyewall formed and strengthened as it left Luzon and reentered the ocean. The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) with four nested domains was used to perform numerical experiments to understand the effects of terrain and land surface variation on the observed eyewall evolution. Results show that the presence of Luzon plays a critical role in the observed eyewall evolution. Quite different from the conventional concentric eyewall replacement, the eyewall replacement that occurred in Typhoon Zeb was triggered by the mesoscale landmass and terrain variation with a horizontal scale similar to the core of the typhoon. In Typhoon Zeb, the original eyewall contracted and broke down because of enhanced surface friction after landfall. The outer eyewall was triggered by convective rainbands near the western coastal region of Luzon and formed as a result of axisymmetrization well after the dissipation of the inner eyewall convection.

Several sensitivity experiments were conducted to elucidate the roles of both condensation heating and planetary boundary layer processes in the evolution of the typhoon eyewall. It is found that although condensational heating is the key to the maintenance of the annular potential vorticity (PV) structure, surface friction plays dual roles. Although friction is a sink to PV and thus dissipates PV in the eyewall, it helps keep the PV annulus narrow by enhancing the stretching deformation in the lower troposphere when condensational heating is present. In the absence of condensational heating, however, surface friction enhances the inward PV mixing by boundary layer frictional inflow and thus destroys the PV annulus.
The Spectacular Undular Bore in Iowa on 2 October 2007
Authors: Coleman Timothy A. , Knupp Kevin R. , Herzmann Daryl
Published: July 2008

A visually impressive undular bore moved across much of Iowa on 2 October 2007, and video animations were captured by numerous Webcams. The bore was sampled very well by Doppler radar at close range, and also by the high-density mesoscale network of surface stations in place over Iowa and 1-min Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) surface data at Des Moines, Iowa. Radar and surface observations are presented, along with a brief analysis of the structure of the bore.
Regional Ensemble Forecasts Using the Ensemble Transform Technique
Authors: Bishop Craig H. , Holt Teddy R. , Nachamkin Jason , Chen Sue , McLay Justin G. , Doyle James D. , Thompson William T.
Published: July 2008

A computationally inexpensive ensemble transform (ET) method for generating high-resolution initial perturbations for regional ensemble forecasts is introduced. The method provides initial perturbations that (i) have an initial variance consistent with the best available estimates of initial condition error variance, (ii) are dynamically conditioned by a process similar to that used in the breeding technique, (iii) add to zero at the initial time, (iv) are quasi-orthogonal and equally likely, and (v) partially respect mesoscale balance constraints by ensuring that each initial perturbation is a linear sum of forecast perturbations from the preceding forecast. The technique is tested using estimates of analysis error variance from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) and the Navy’s regional Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) over a 3-week period during the summer of 2005. Lateral boundary conditions are provided by a global ET ensemble. The tests show that the ET regional ensemble has a skillful mean and a useful spread–skill relationship in mass, momentum, and precipitation variables. Diagnostics indicate that ensemble variance was close to, but probably a little less than, the forecast error variance for wind and temperature variables, while precipitation ensemble variance was significantly smaller than precipitation forecast error variance.
Radiative Impact of Ozone on Temperature Predictability in a Coupled Chemistry–Dynamics Data Assimilation System
Authors: de Grandpré J. , Ménard R. , Rochon Y. J. , Charette C. , Chabrillat S. , Robichaud A.
Published: July 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact on temperature forecast of using ozone analyses for the computation of heating rates in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) system with a coupled model. The system is based on a tropospheric–stratospheric forecast model that includes a comprehensive stratospheric chemistry module for online resolution of the dynamical, radiative, and photochemical interactions. The system assimilates conventional observations as well as temperature and ozone measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument. Several data assimilation cycles have been performed over the period August–October 2003 to produce a set of analyses that have been used for launching an ensemble of 10-day forecasts. Temperature and ozone forecasts have been compared with MIPAS and radiosonde observations in different regions. Results show that, in the absence of ozone assimilation, the impact of using a prognostic ozone distribution for the computation of heating rates as opposed to monthly mean climatologies is generally neutral. With the addition of ozone assimilation, the improvement against a noninteractive assimilation system is systematic and occurs over a wide range of time scales throughout the lower stratosphere. The improvement on 6-h temperature forecasts is mainly seen in the Southern Hemisphere, where ozone analyses are in good agreement with observations. For 10-day forecasts, the impact of using ozone analyses is more important in the Northern Hemisphere, where it improves the temperature predictability by more than 1 day at 50 hPa. Comparisons with analyses also show a systematic reduction of the temperature root-mean-square errors and biases throughout the assimilation period. The overall results demonstrate that a comprehensive coupled 3D-Var system that incorporates the radiative feedback from ozone analyses can be used for improving temperature predictability throughout the stratosphere. Comprehensive approaches can be used as a benchmark for the development of linearized methods for improving temperature and ozone forecasting in the region.
Performance of Parallel Analysis in Retrieving Unidimensionality in the Presence of Binary Data
Authors: Tran Ulrich S. , Formann Anton K.
Published: July 2008

Parallel analysis has been shown to be suitable for dimensionality assessment in factor analysis of continuous variables. There have also been attempts to demonstrate that it may be used to uncover the factorial structure of binary variables conforming to the unidimensional normal ogive model. This article provides both theoretical and empirical evidence that this is not appropriate. Results of a simulation study indicate that sample size, item discrimination, and type of correlation coefficient (Pearson vs. tetrachoric correlation) considerably influence the performance of parallel analysis. Reliability of parallel analysis with binary variables is found to be notably poor for Pearson correlations and also limited for tetrachoric correlations.
The Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale
Authors: Reese-Weber Marla , Hesson-McInnis Matthew
Published: July 2008

This study provides additional data on the measurement of children's and adolescents' appraisals of interparental conflict using the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC) Scale (Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992). Data from the original sample of early adolescents (N = 222) on which the CPIC Scale was developed and the authors' own data from late adolescents (N = 483) are compared using confirmatory factor analyses at both the item and subscale levels. The results indicate that the factor structure at the item level of analysis is similar across early and late adolescents, indicating that the nine theoretically derived subscales are separate aspects of interparental conflict for both developmental groups. In addition, the subscales are found to produce five factors for both early and late adolescents. Implications of these findings for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of interparental conflict and child/adolescent outcomes are discussed.
Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Measurement Skills Assessment
Authors: Vasilyeva Marina , Ludlow Larry H. , Casey Beth M. , Onge Caroline St.
Published: July 2008

This article introduces the Measurement Skills Assessment (MeSA), which was designed to evaluate the mastery of measurement in elementary school students. The primary objectives for the MeSA include covering a broad range of measurement concepts, distinguishing between major subtypes of measurement, and constructing a continuum of items varying in complexity. This article investigates the psychometric properties of scores from this new test. A series of principal components analyses helps distinguish between two major categories of measurement items—those tapping formula-based/ analytical skills and those tapping spatial/conceptual skills. Rasch analysis provides evidence for the existence of a unidimensional structure of item complexity within each measurement category. The MeSA can be used by psychologists and educators to determine which aspects of measurement present the greatest difficulties for individuals as well as groups of children and to evaluate the effectiveness of different instructional approaches.
Expected Equating Error Resulting From Incorrect Handling of Item Parameter Drift Among the Common Items
Authors: Miller G. Edward , Fitzpatrick Steven J.
Published: July 2008

Incorrect handling of item parameter drift during the equating process can result in equating error. If the item parameter drift is due to construct-irrelevant factors, then inclusion of these items in the estimation of the equating constants can be expected to result in equating error. On the other hand, if the item parameter drift is related to the construct being measured, then removal of those items from the estimation of the equating constants can be expected to result in equating error. The effect of incorrect handling of item parameter drift on equating has been examined via simulation studies and other methods by a number of authors with mixed results. In this article, this effect is assessed by estimating the expected equating error under the assumptions that the three-parameter item response theory model is used for calibration—equating.
You Might Win the Battle but Lose the War
Authors: Matoesian Gregory M.
Published: July 2008

In this study, the author considers several limitations in current research in the field of legal discourse: a static rather than interactive view of language, a focus on questioners/attorneys over answerers/witnesses, and a concern with verbal resources instead of an integration of verbal and visual or multimodal communicative practices (e.g., gaze, facial expression, body alignment, and realignment). Analyzing an excerpt from a crucial witness in a rape trial, the author considers the neglected role of multimodal and interactive legal discourse and how the witness implements numerous discursive and extralinguistic resources for manipulating, negotiating, and resisting the putative asymmetry of the trial speech exchange system. In the process the author provides a glimpse of not just intricate laminations of participation, but dynamic laminations of power as both attorney and witness negotiate epistemological relations and co-construct identity in the rape trial.
Casting out the Treasure: A New Reading of Matthew 13.52
Authors: Phillips Peter
Published: July 2008

Matthew 13.52c has been translated, since the time of the Church fathers, as though referring to a householder selecting items from a storehouse to share—a `metaphor of display'. However, this translation does not deal adequately with the verb ε Kβαλλει. This article explores an alternative reading which maintains the normative semantic domain for the verb in terms of `disposal' or `expulsion'. The use of the verb elsewhere in Greek and biblical literature in general and in the Gospel of Matthew in particular is studied and the results of this study applied to apparent exceptions within Matthew's Gospel. The article argues that these exceptions are unnecessary and that the verb is used consistently in terms of `disposal' or `expulsion'. This thesis is then applied to Mt. 13.52 to provide a new reading. The article finally offers a possible reconstruction of why Patristic writers chose to re-interpret the original text.
The Imperial Authority and Benefaction of Centurions and Acts 10.34-43: A Response to C. Kavin Rowe
Authors: Howell Justin R.
Published: July 2008

C. Kavin Rowe has rightly argued that, when encountering the statement oυτoς ε στιn παn τωn Kuρ ιoς (Acts 10.36), Luke's auditors throughout the Roman Empire would have associated this slogan with imperial-cult propaganda. The relevance of such a connection within a speech delivered to Cornelius and his household, however, requires further analysis. Evidence from Luke—Acts and other ancient literary texts and inscriptions depicts centurions as imperial authorities who—as benefactors, judges and promoters of the imperial cult— were notorious for abusing their power to the detriment of those under their authority. Alongside Luke's implicit censure of the emperor and his cult, one should understand his seemingly positive characterization of Cornelius as rhetorical irony (i.e., applying to a character traits that are contrary to reality). The more holistic criticism of the imperial cult in the context of Acts 10.34-43 includes not only the emperor, but also his subordinate authorities.
How Executive SHRM System Links to Firm Performance: The Perspectives of Upper Echelon and Competitive Dynamics†
Authors: Lin Hao-Chieh , Shih Chih-Ting
Published: July 2008

This study adopts the upper echelon and competitive dynamics perspectives to investigate the mechanisms by which strategic human resource management (SHRM) can create a competitive advantage for a firm. Top management team (TMT) social integration and action aggressiveness are identified as internal-oriented and external-oriented capabilities, respectively, for a teamwork-oriented executive SHRM system to support in enhancing firm performance. Structural equation modeling is performed to test hypothesized relationships. Statistical results demonstrate TMT social integration and action aggressiveness in sequence partially mediate the relationship of an executive SHRM system and firm performance. Action aggressiveness partially mediates the relationship of TMT social integration and firm performance. This study provides further insights into the SHRM, upper echelon, and competitive dynamics perspectives. The research findings also serve to remind top executives to remain alert in developing a set of teamwork-focused executive SHRM practices, building an integrated team, and proactively shaping competitive actions to outperform rivals.
Contextualizing Emotional Display Rules: Examining the Roles of Targets and Discrete Emotions in Shaping Display Rule Perceptions
Authors: Diefendorff James M. , Greguras Gary J.
Published: July 2008

The present investigation explored how emotional display rules at work differed as a function of discrete emotions and specific work targets. Display rules for the positive emotion of happiness were most likely to involve expressing the emotion as felt or expressing it with less intensity than is felt. Display rules for the negative emotions of sadness and anger were equally likely to involve showing nothing of the emotion or showing the emotion with less intensity than is felt. In contrast, display rules for fear, disgust, and contempt were most likely to involve showing nothing of the emotions. Furthermore, display rules differed across organizational targets, with the most control over emotional displays occurring for customer targets and the least control occurring for coworker targets. In sum, emotional display rules at work appear to be much more complex and nuanced than has been shown in previous organizational research.
Using Dynamic Computational Models to Reconnect Theory and Research: Socialization by the Proactive Newcomer as Example
Authors: Vancouver Jeffrey B. , Tamanini Kevin B. , Yoder Ryan J.
Published: July 2008

Previous research on dynamic processes during newcomer socialization has involved longitudinal field designs and state-of-the-art analyses. However, findings from this research either contradict key conceptual issues described by prominent socialization theories or are nondiagnostic regarding these issues. In this study computational modeling was used to (1) represent the presumed underlying processes in these theories, (2) demonstrate that current research does not test these theoretical processes, and (3) suggest the designs needed to support or refute components of dynamic theories.
A Social Network Perspective on LMX Relationships: Accounting for the Instrumental Value of Leader and Follower Networks
Authors: Goodwin Vicki L. , Bowler Wm. Matthew , Whittington J. Lee
Published: July 2008

In a field study of 114 participants, the authors tested components of leader—member exchange (LMX) theory within the context of informal organizational networks, finding support for instrumental components within quality LMX relationships. Similarity to leader competence and personality was relevant to follower-rated LMX. In addition, leader centrality moderated the relationship between interaction frequency and follower-rated LMX. Leader-rated LMX quality was related to personality and competence similarity to followers, but only when followers' advice centrality was high. Outside workgroup centrality positively moderated relationships between inside workgroup centrality and LMX quality. Overall, the instrumental value to LMX quality was emphasized more for leaders than for followers.
The Aesthetic Power of the Fab 5
Authors: Papacharissi Zizi , Fernback Jan
Published: July 2008

In a period of more complex and numerous portrayals of homosexual characters in prime-time television, scholars have expressed concern about ostensibly enlightened portrayals that ultimately reinforce culturally dominant themes of heteronormativity. This study is a critical investigation of the reality show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy as a site of queer discourse that both challenges and reassures dominant perceptions of homosexuality. Despite the assertion of homonormative themes, this study finds that the program, on balance, reinforces heteronormative themes and dominant heterosexual power roles. Using Bourdieu's concept of the habitus, this study concludes that the apolitical power granted to the Fab 5 is of an aesthetic nature, permitting them to induce primarily cosmetic change justified by consumer rhetoric.
Reclaiming Peace in International Relations
Authors: Richmond Oliver P.
Published: July 2008

What is peace? This basic question often appears in contemporary orthodoxy to have been settled in favour of the `liberal peace'. Yet, this has, in many post-conflict settings, proved to create a `virtual peace'empty states and institutions which are ambivalent about everyday life. In this context peace is widely referred to but rarely defined. Though the concept of peace is often assumed to be normatively irreproachable, formative in the founding of the discipline, and central to the agendas of liberal states, it has rarely been directly approached as an area of study within IR. This essay endeavours to illustrate how developing accounts of peace helps chart the different theoretical and methodological contributions in IR, and the complex issues that then emerge. These include the pressing problem of how peace efforts become sustainable rather than merely inscribed in international and state-level diplomatic and military frameworks. This also raises issues related to an ontology of peace, culture, development, agency and structure, not just in terms of the representations of the world, and of peace, presented in the discipline, but in terms of the sovereignty of the discipline itself and its implications for everyday life. In an interdisciplinary and pluralist field of study — as IR has now become — concepts of peace and their sustainability are among those that are central. This raises the question of what the discipline is for, if not for peace? This paper explores such issues in the context of orthodox and critical IR theory, methods, and ontology, and offers some thoughts about the implications of placing peace at the centre of IR.
Agonistic Peace: A Postmodern Reading
Authors: Shinko Rosemary E.
Published: July 2008

This paper considers the postmodern concept of agonism and its relationship to the concept of peace. Connolly's concept of `agonistic respect' is seminal in this regard because it can be argued that such a formulation gestures towards an iteration of postmodern peace. However, this paper will reread Connolly's version of agonism through Foucault's analytic of war and peace to draw attention not only to Connolly's own deeply entrenched indebtedness to `liberal peace' but to indicate why Foucault's more expansive analytic of agonism is better suited to interrogating international relations' most intractable sources of conflict. I seek to reposition the discussion of agonism in such a way that it opens up a critical research agenda with the potential to resist the trap wherein peace emerges as just another tactic for reinscribing hegemonic structures of domination, exclusion, and marginalisation. The implications of such an approach are significant because it ultimately requires that we problematise considerations of respect and recognition when we approach the study of conflicts and that we self-reflexively question our own moral analytical frameworks embedded in the structural components of the peace we strive to create.
Punishment and Peace: Critical Reflections on Countering Terrorism
Authors: Lang Anthony F.
Published: July 2008

This article argues that the punishment of terrorists can lead to a more peaceful world order only if we better understand what it means to punish justly. The just war tradition is considered, focusing on Augustine and Grotius, especially for its understanding of war as being occasionally necessary for punitive purposes. The military dimension of the US counter-terrorism campaign is assessed in terms of `just international punishment', with specific reference to US military actions in Afghanistan, Yemen and Iraq, framed partly as punitive responses to the 9/11 attacks. The article concludes that these military actions contain a punitive ethos, one that has come dangerously close to vengeance. It finds these military actions punitive, but not just for two reasons: (1) they are undermining the very international security structures that they supposedly seek to enforce by violating those norms, especially in the case of Iraq; (2) their primary focus on self-defence prevents them from being actions that might contribute to a more just international order. Finally the article considerers how a turn to the just war tradition might reinforce the norms of the international security order rather than undermine them.
`Eternal Peace' as the Graveyard of the Political: A Critique of Kant's Zum Ewigen Frieden
Authors: Behnke Andreas
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this essay is a critical investigation of Immanuel Kant's Zum Ewigen Frieden as a metaphysical and transcendental rather than political project. The essay argues that this project, despite Kant's protestations to the contrary, necessarily produces the `peace of the graveyard'. Eternal Peace needs to be understood not only as a guide to the creation of peaceful relations between states — a common interpretation reflected in the misleading translation of the treatise as `Perpetual Peace' — but also as a philosophical response to the problem of Difference in international politics. As such, it establishes many of the metaphysical tenets through which Liberalism has ever since attempted to establish the conditions for Eternal Peace via the ontological eradication of Difference and the operation of an ethnoand temporocentric epistemology. Consequently, Eternal Peace depends on the death, rather than affirmation, of the Political as the agonistic engagement with the Other.
Balancing Peace, Justice and Sovereignty in Jus Post Bellum: The Case of `Just Occupation'
Authors: Evans Mark
Published: July 2008

Theories of jus post bellum have tended to be what I call `restricted', in that they have focussed on the norms to govern the ending and immediate aftermath of a just war. But the goal of building a just peace, which is the ultimate aim of a just war, often places rather longer-term responsibilities on the shoulders of the victorious just, especially where occupation of the defeated unjust state is required (the scenario on which I concentrate). Given the variety of possible post-conflict situations, then, we should expect there to be various conceptions of jus post bellum, sensitive to the context-specific demands of the `just peace' objective. This article therefore sets out the case for an `extended' theory of jus post bellum which is likely to be required in, for example, occupation scenarios. But, having argued that `restricted' conceptions do not fully lay out what might be reasonably expected of just occupiers, the article then contends that the `extended' considerations may be in significant tension with another post- bellum requirement, namely, the obligation to restore sovereignty to the occupied state as soon as is reasonably feasible. Various ways of negotiating the tension are discussed and found to be wanting. Given that just war theory in general is supposed to be action-guiding, the concern is that an extended jus post bellum may be unhelpfully action-disorienting. The ostensibly strong case for it is therefore cast into some doubt and some implications for how the obligations of peacebuilding for just occupiers should theorised are considered.
For Whom Nobel Tolls? An Interpretive Account of the Migration of the Concept of Peace as Perceived through the Solemn Eyes of Norwegian Lawmakers
Authors: Bulloch Douglas
Published: July 2008

The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded on an annual basis since 1901. Since then there have been some years when no prize was awarded, usually during wartime, and other years where the award has proved controversial. Nevertheless, the award has always reflected something important about prevailing ideas concerning the concept of peace. This paper seeks to make sense of this history in order to explain some of the underlying discursive dynamics that make certain awards controversial, and others widely applauded. In particular some reflection is offered on the recent direction of the award towards wider social issues such as poverty and the environment. What this analysis reveals is the slow evolution of the Peace Prize from reflecting and legitimising notions of `peace as order' towards more entrepreneurial notions of `peace as justice'. The paper then moves on to briefly consider how the discourse of peace has subtly shifted in the aftermath of 9/11, and why — in the absence of universally accepted accounts of justice — peace is being recast in terms of legitimate frameworks of human security. In the light of this the paper argues for being positive about negative peace, and suggests that if the Norwegian Nobel Committee continues to reflect wider discourses of peace, it will reverse its recent trend of using the prize to highlight wider and wider questions of development and the environment. Lastly, the paper makes a brief case in favour of Interpol being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, both in recognition of its place at the centre of quotidian matters of legitimate international police and security cooperation, and as a means of establishing some conceptual benchmarks by which to disaggregate the police and security measures that states already agree on, from those they do not.
The Sharia Debate in Ontario
Authors: Korteweg Anna C.
Published: July 2008

In late 2003, the Canadian media reported that the Islamic Institute of Civil Justice would start offering arbitration in family disputes in accordance with both Islamic legal principles and Ontario's Arbitration Act of 1991. A vociferous two-year debate ensued on the introduction of “Sharia law” in Ontario. This article analyzes representations of Muslim women's agency that came to the fore in this debate by examining reports in three Canadian newspapers. The debate demonstrated two notions of agency. The predominant perspective conceptualized Muslim women's agency as their ability to resist domination, tying secularization to agency. A second strain of the debate portrayed agency as embedded in intersecting social forces of domination and subordination. The first perspective homogenized diverse Muslim communities, fostering the gendered racialization of these communities. Understanding agency as embedded, by contrast, enabled conceptualizations of Muslim women as agentic religious subjects.
Peak Flow Values by Gestation in Women With Asthma
Authors: Beckmann Claudia Anderson
Published: July 2008

Asthma is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. Asthma control is associated with improved perinatal outcomes. Peak flow measures have been recommended to determine the status of asthma, yet norms for peak flow values in women with asthma are missing from the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine average peak flow values in pregnant women with asthma. Forty-three women were recruited into the study prior to the 20th week of pregnancy. Demographic data, including age, ethnic background, and number of pregnancies, were collected. Type and severity of asthma, medications used for asthma, and past hospitalizations for asthma were recorded. Peak flow values increased across the three trimesters. Significant differences were found in peak flow values between the first and third trimesters (>.001) and the second and third trimesters (>.007). Findings from the present study contradict those of studies on pregnant women without asthma.
Denial and Compliance in Adults With Asthma
Authors: McGann Elizabeth F. , Sexton Dorothy , Chyun Deborah A.
Published: July 2008

A descriptive study examining the relationship of denial of illness and compliance with inhaled controller asthma medications is conducted with 51 adults taking inhaled asthma controller medications. Affective and cognitive denial are assessed with the Levine Denial of Illness Scale. Severity is determined by portable spirometry; compliance is measured for 2 weeks with DOSER, a microelectronic monitor. The mean percent compliance rate for inhaled controller medications is 36%, with only 10.4% of the participants demonstrating optimal compliance (>80%). Although cognitive denial is not significantly associated with compliance, those in the suboptimal compliance group do have significantly higher information avoidance subscale scores ( M = 1.88; p = .02). Affective denial is inversely correlated with compliance ( r = —.31; p = .05) and is significantly higher in the suboptimal compliance group ( M = 11.51; p =.05). These study findings suggest that affective denial may be a contributor to suboptimal compliance.
Patients' Perceptions of Hospital Discharge Informational Content
Authors: Maloney Lynn R. , Weiss Marianne E.
Published: July 2008

Ensuring that patients' informational needs have been met prior to hospital discharge sets the stage for successful self-management of recovery at home. This secondary analysis study aims to identify differences in the amount of discharge teaching content needed and received by adult medical-surgical patients on the basis of their sociodemographic characteristics and hospitalization-related factors. The Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale (QDTS) is used to measure patients' perceptions of the amount of discharge-related informational content they needed and received. Eighty-nine percent of patients receive more informational content than they perceived they needed. Nonwhite patients report more content needed than White patients. Patients with prior hospitalizations and cardiac patients report greater amounts of content received. The QDTS content subscales provide a mechanism for assessing patient perceptions of discharge informational needs and discharge content received that can be used for clinical practice and quality monitoring.
Care Dependence
Authors: Eriksson Monika , Andershed Birgitta
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this study was to describe people's experiences of being dependent on others for care in their final stage of life, as well as what they felt made their experience of being dependent easier or more difficult. The phenomenological-hermeneutical method was chosen, where data collection consisted of open-ended interviews with nine people undergoing palliative care at a hospice unit or at home. The meaning of being care dependent is described via the following themes: changed relationship with oneself and with others, striving to adapt oneself to the situation, obstacles, and opportunities along the way while dependent. The result is described as an effort, a journey from independence to moments where it was possible to rest and recuperate while struggling with care dependency. Nursing staff require knowledge and understanding of experiences with care dependency to make life easier for people during increasing dependency in the final stage of life.
Impact of Telehealth on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Dansky Kathryn H. , Vasey Joseph , Bowles Kathryn
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this randomized field study was to determine the effects of telehomecare on hospitalization, emergency department (ED) use, mortality, and symptoms related to sodium and fluid intake, medication use, and physical activity. The sample consists of 284 patients with heart failure. The authors used logistic regression to study the effects of telehomecare on health services utilization and mortality and a general linear model to analyze changes in self-reported symptoms. On average, patients in the telehomecare groups had a lower probability of hospitalizations and ED visits than did patients in the control group. Differences were statistically significant at 60 days but not 120 days. Results show a greater reduction in symptoms for patients using telehomecare compared to control patients. The technology enables frequent monitoring of clinical indices and permits the home health care nurse to detect changes in cardiac status and intervene when necessary.
Lacan, the City, and the Utopian Symptom
Authors: Nichols Joshua
Published: July 2008

This article examines the concept of utopia by focusing on the distance between the utopian myths and the actual city they originate in. While the individual work of utopian fiction offers to the attentive reader a map of the neuroses of the author, when taken in general as a genre or type of social conception, it provides the reader with a map of the city as a neurotic social object. Utopia can thus be read as a type of neurotic psychological topography. From this analytic basis, a different mode of inquiry may be deployed, a mode of inquiry that begins with specific urban artifacts that are omitted from the utopian model. In this analysis, the author focuses on the cemetery and the sewer. These abject or pathological urban sites carry a form of contaminative excess within their structures and as such become at once the focal point of anxiety and irreducible fascination.
Locating haunting: a ghost-hunter's guide
Authors: Holloway Julian , Kneale James
Published: July 2008

Recent work in human geography seems to support Roger Luckhurst's (2002) claim that the humanities and social sciences are undergoing a `spectral turn'. This paper is intended as a contribution to this `turn' and to assist those who might be interested in investigating haunting. It begins by discussing the meaning and value of ideas of haunting, identifying a number of ways in which it makes analysis productively hesitant. Second, since hauntings usually involve attempts to represent the unrepresentable, we would like to offer a practical guide for locating these awkward moments of hesitancy. Drawing upon a number of examples from films, literature and life we will discuss some of the ways in which ghosts may be made manifest, textually and materially. We will conclude by suggesting that in being hesitant and embracing indeterminacy we might open up new and potentially productive apprehensions of haunted spaces and the enchanting energetics that are particular to them.
Mundane hauntings: commuting through the phantasmagoric working-class spaces of Manchester, England
Authors: Edensor Tim
Published: July 2008

This paper explores the haunted realms of everyday mundane space. Based on the author's journey to work by car, a series of sites that evoke an absent-presence of working-class life are depicted. It is argued that these spaces, including housing estates, old railways, patches of derelict ground and old cinemas, are replete with ghostly effects. Drawing upon the examples provided, the article goes on to examine in more detail these hauntings, focusing upon the sensual, half-recognizable and imaginary qualities that are provoked by absences, vestiges and peculiar recontextualizations. It is contended that such sites are particularly haunted because unlike the more dynamic spaces of regenerated urban space, the past lingers in people, spaces, textures and things and is not so rapidly disposed. The paper concludes by investigating the ambiguities produced by the ghostly absent-presence of the working class, both in lived space and in academic discourse, and evaluates the advantages of spectral indeterminacy.
A geography of ghosts: the spectral landscapes of Mary Butts
Authors: Matless David
Published: July 2008

The paper considers the writings of Mary Butts (1890—1937) to explore a geography of ghosts. After examining earlier geographical engagements with the spectral and magical, and outlining the terms of recent scholarly debate concerning spectrality, the paper introduces Butts' life and work, focussing on her ghostly writings in stories, novels, journals, autobiography and an essay on the supernatural in fiction. Butts' discussion of magic and place, and her accounts of the landscapes of Dorset and west Cornwall, demonstrate a version of spectral landscape conveying enchantment, secret meaning and a culturally select geography. The paper concludes by considering Butts in relation to current discussions of spectral geography.
Wenger's Communities of Practice Revisited: A (Failed?) Exercise in Applied Communities of Practice Theory-Building Research
Authors: Storberg-Walker Julia
Published: July 2008

The problem and the solution. Multiple sources describe how communities of practice (CoPs) work and what their constituent elements may be. These contributions offer valuable insights into learning, meaning, identity, and practice. However,they do not explicitly take recognized theory-building steps (R. Dubin, 1978; R. J.Torraco, 2005) to develop an applied theory of CoPs that researchers can test, apply, and adapt. One solution is to submit CoPs to an applied theory-building research critique. This article reviews the analytical components of E. Wenger's (1998) abstract theory with the intent to specify each component and move the components down the ladder of abstraction.The intent of this critique is to move Wenger's (1998) theory toward an operationalized format for confirmation, application, and continual refinement.After the theory-building research analysis, it was found that the 13 analytical elements of Wenger's CoP contribution did not withstand the theory-building research critique in level of analysis or definitional clarity. Recommendations for future CoP applied theory-building research are provided.
Dimensionalizing the Architecture of Organization-Led Learning: A Framework for Collective Practice
Authors: Heraty Noreen , Morley Michael
Published: July 2008

The problem and the solution. This article is based on the premise that organizational learning is being raised almost to the status of an orthodoxy, and is in danger of taking on the guise of a postindustrial futurology, because of poor conceptualization and a lack of systematic empirical evidence. Although the motivation for establishing a new order in organization-led learning might be rather straightforwardly hinted at, the work environment and organizational design features, what the authors have come to designate as the “architecture” of the system, can not be so easily postulated.And yet, specifying the foundations and the building blocks of learning in the organizational context is critical to ensure that the vocabulary does not surpass its empirical foundations and conceptual expression, or that the rhetoric does not outstrip the reality.
Collective Learning Processes and Human Resource Development
Authors: Garavan Thomas N. , McCarthy Alma
Published: July 2008

Collective learning is important to both human resource development (HRD) researchers and practitioners. Collective learning is a broad term and includes learning between dyads, teams, organizations, communities, and societies. Most conceptions of collective learning highlight characteristics such as relationships, shared vision and meanings, mental models and cognitive and behavioral learning. Collective learning processes pose challenges for both HRD research and practice. For researchers, we need to more fully understand how collective learning processes occur, the factors that affect collective learning, and the emergent nature of collective learning. For practitioners, the challenge concerns whether collective learning can be planned, structured, and managed.
Validating Curriculum-Based Measurement for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Middle School
Authors: Fore Cecil , Boon Richard T. , Burke Mack D. , Martin Christopher
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity of curriculum-based measurement (CBM) for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in middle school using the Maze (MAZE); Oral Reading Fluency (ORF); and the Woodcock-Johnson, Third Edition (WJ-III), Passage Comprehension (WJ-PC) and Reading Fluency (WJ-RF) subtests. Fifty-five students in grades sixth through eighth with emotional and behavioral disorders participated in this study. Results indicated a strong correlation between the MAZE and the WJ-PC, while moderate correlations were found between the CBM Oral Reading Fluency and the Woodcock-Johnson subtests (passage comprehension and reading fluency). Limitations of the study, implications for practice, and future research are discussed.
Curriculum-Based Measurement for Mathematics at the High School Level
Authors: Calhoon Mary Beth
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this article is to explore the research and developmental needs for curriculum-based measurement (CBM) at the secondary level (9th through 12th grades) for mathematics. Much has been accomplished empirically on the validity, reliability, and utility of CBM as an assessment measure in mathematics at the elementary level. Encouragingly, a few CBM mathematics studies are beginning to emerge at the early (preschool through 1st grades) and middle school levels (6th through 8th grades); however, only one study exists on the use of CBM as an assessment tool for secondary-level mathematics courses. First, the author discusses the current mathematics predicament of secondary students with and without disabilities and their teachers. She then, within the different educational settings (general education, inclusion, resource, self-contained) available at the secondary level, discusses the types of CBM research (technical adequacy, instructional utility) needed.
Written Language Expression
Authors: Penner-Williams Janet , Smith Tom E. C. , Gartin Barbara C.
Published: July 2008

Written language is a complex set of skills that facilitate communication and that are developed in a predictable sequence. It is therefore possible to analyze current skills, identify deficits, plan interventions, and determine the effectiveness of the intervention. To effectively accomplish these tasks, educators need to choose appropriate assessment tools. The authors discuss the strengths and weaknesses of informal written assessments and of standardized written assessments. A table of the better known and more frequently used standardized written language assessments is presented that includes test title, publisher, Web site URL, normative group, indication of its focus (spelling, style, or mechanics), age of normative group, and method of administration. This information will help readers in the selection of written language assessment tools.
City Planning and the U.S. Census: 1910 to 1960
Authors: MacDonald Heather
Published: July 2008

Although planners rely on census data for many tasks, they are often frustrated by its limitations. This article examines the evolution of this ambiguous relationship (during the period 1910 to 1960) through four roughly chronological development stages. Data were seen first as an engine of social reform, then as the basis for a science of planning, next as a way to manage social and economic crisis, and finally as a way to justify government decisions. The article concludes that the limitations of official statistics are historically contingent, a result of Congress's lack of support, the federal bureaucracy's indifference to spatially detailed data, and planners' abandonment of the argument.
Clay minerals in late Quaternary sediments from the south Chilean margin as indicators of provenance and palaeoclimate
Authors: Marinoni L. , Setti M. , Salvi C. , López-Galindo A.
Published: July 2008

An investigation of bulk-rock and clay-fraction compositions of two sedimentary cores from southern Chile was performed to evaluate the record of temporal climatic changes during the late Quaternary (11 ky and 30 ky BP). The bulk mineralogy shows an abundance of feldspars, mica and quartz, with lesser chlorite, amphibole and pyroxene, and variable amounts of carbonates. The clay fraction consists of illite, chlorite and scarce smectite. Smectite shows platy morphology, an Al-Fe beidellite chemical composition, and is detrital. Smectite, together with biogenic carbonate, increases in levels diagnostic of warmer phases. Increases in smectite are attributed either to the beginning of chemical weathering, allowed by the glacial retreat, or to ice extension and sea-level variations. Warmer climates also favoured the increase of carbonate productivity. Levels diagnostic of colder phases show a large decrease in carbonate, small amounts of smectite and large amounts of chlorite and mica, as the abundance of glaciers reduced the productivity and prevented chemical weathering.