bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Next American Edition of the Book of Common Prayer
Authors: Prichard Robert W.
Published: October 2023

The Episcopal Church has been engaged in efforts to revise its Book of Common Prayer since the mid-1990s, but a completed revision is still nowhere in sight. This essay explains the process for revision in the Episcopal Church, the working of that process leading up to the adoption of the Book of Common Prayer 1979 and the optimism about a further revision in the 1990s. It then seeks to understand the inability of the Episcopal Church to follow through on the hope of revision in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, despite considerable work on liturgical texts and the involvement of a growing number of task forces and special committees. It follows with discussion of the issues related to revision before the 2022 and the upcoming 2024 conventions and concludes with reflections on the obstacles to a completed revision.
Some Aerodynamic Problems of the Helicopter
Authors: Squire H B
Published: October 2023

I have accepted with pleasure the Chairman’s request to introduce our lecturer this afternoon It is twelve years ago since MR SQUIRE proved himself to be a worthy successor to the late MR H GLAUERT at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in analysing the basic aerodynamic problems of the helicopter The work of GLAUERT had been confined to vertical flight and to horizontal flight with the rotor axis vertical (like that of the Gyrodyne) MR SQUIRE extended the analysis to the flight of a helicopter in which the propulsive force for horizontal flight was obtained by a forward inclination of the rotor axis The classic report by MR SQUIRE on this subject was studied closely by the Sikorsky organisation and was put into practical effect a few years later in the well-known Sikorsky designs

MR SQUIRE is recognised as the leading aerodynamicist on helicopters in this country and is Chairman of the Helicopter Committee of the Aeronautical Research Council We are all looking forward to hearing from him this afternoon on certain aerodynamic problems of the helicopter which have remained a mystery to most of us until now
The Structural Airworthiness of Helicopters with particular reference to Fatigue Failure
Authors: Garraway D R
Published: October 2023

The importance of reliable airworthiness criteria is stressed in an introductory paragraph Practice in aeroplane design is reviewed briefly, noting particularly the current tendency to permit increasingly severe fatigue loads The principal loads on the elements of a helicopter are enumerated, and consideration of their repetitive nature leads to an extended discussion of fatigue failure and methods of correlating fatigue loads Suggestions are offered for a rationale of provisional strength requirements and the amendments desirable following the establishment of additional data The need in this connection for extensive V-g and blade stress records taken in operation is emphasised

Many people in Great Britain are now confident that helicopters will shortly be in general use for a variety of commercial purposes Some of these anticipated functions are not new to air transport undertakings—certain feeder-line services within the British Isles, for example, may well be operated by helicopters—but the fundamental ability of the helicopter to take-off and land in confined spaces gives it an additional scope in circumstances which preclude the use of fixed-wing aircraft
The Navigation of the Helicopter
Authors: Usher R W
Published: October 2023

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—As you know, this is the first lecture of our 1948 49 Session—a series which I am sure you will find both interesting and instructive It is also the first time we have been privileged to use this room for our Meetings and our thanks are due to the President and Council of the Royal Aeronautical Society for granting us this facility

Our lecturer today has chosen a subject which is becoming of very great importance now that Helicopters are being used in a definite operational sense Mr USHER IS peculiarly well suited to talk to us on “Navigational Aids to the Helicopter” as he is qualified as a R A F Advanced Specialist Navigator, and has some experience of Helicopter Pilotage He is a Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society and an Associate of the R Ae Society and, needless to say, a Member of our Association and also holds the Bachelor of Science Degree and Diploma of Education—both of London
The Cierva “Air Horse”
Authors: Shapiro J S
Published: October 2023

As my contribution to this afternoon’s proceedings, it is my task to give you a brief account of the Cierva “Air Horse” This machine has the distinction of being the world’s largest helicopter undergoing flight testing

Following the recent S B A C exhibition at Farnborough, I have heard many kind and unkind expressions of expert and inexpert opinion, but the lowest common denominator seems to be that it is an “astounding contraption” Faced with this challenge, my purpose this afternoon is somewhat apologetic, namely, to show that it is neither astounding nor a contraption In fact, we, in the Cierva Autogiro Company, have persuaded ourselves that God decreed three rotor helicopters All others are merely attempts by men to cheat His divine laws

The “Air Horse” design arose primarily as an answer to the demand for large loads It was realized that difficulties in helicopter construction increased in proportion to rotor diameter and nothing was therefore more natural than to increase the number of rotors
Some Technical Aspects of W 9 Development
Authors: Shapiro J S , Marsh H A
Published: October 2023

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—A number of you may not know our lecturer of this afternoon and I am glad to be able to tell you something of his past experience by way of an introduction

Mr SHAPIRO has had several years of engineering experience and his first aircraft appointment was in France working on the design of gyroscopic instruments, which post was rudely terminated by happenings in 1940 He came to this country and joined Power Jets, working on jet propulsion and then had a further period on aircraft instruments design This was followed by work on electric assister units for aircraft before he joined the Cierva Autogiro Company in 1943 as Senior Technical Officer

Mr SHAPIRO is a Founder Member of our Association, an A F R Ae S and holds an engineering diploma of the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich
A theory of airflow through rotors and its application to some helicopter problems
Authors: Meijer Drees J
Published: October 2023

The knowledge of the flow through a rotor of a rotary-wing aircraft is essential for the study of many helicopter problems The behaviour of a helicopter with respect to stability, region of roughness, etc, depends in many cases on the airflow through the disc Most existing stability or performance theories fail when they concern low forward speed and vertical descent because of some simplifying assumptions

An attempt has been made to find a rather simple expression to describe the variations in axial velocity through a rotor as a function of the azimuth angle

Further, a chart is produced giving the average axial flow through the disc for all possible combinations of forward and vertical velocities, valid for all kinds of one-rotor aircraft

The results are used to improve the theory of some problems as mentioned above and are applied, where possible, to the Sikorsky S51 helicopter, to compare the theory with experimental data
Maintenance—Some of its Broader Aspects and Implications
Authors: McClements A
Published: October 2023

It is a good thing to occasionally lift our sights from the job in hand and focus our attention on the broader purpose of our actions For example, if we ask ourselves what the purpose of maintenance is, we might answer that it is to keep the equipment we are using in a condition which does not fall below a certain standard In the narrow sense, a definition of some such sort would pass, but surely, if we accept it as a complete answer to our question, we are really saying that maintenance is an end unto itself This, of course, is quite ridiculous because maintenance is not just done for the fun of it, rather its purpose is to carry out certain work, m close association with quite different types of work, so that the integrated effort enables the equipment in use to satisfactorily perform the task in handm the case of a commercial airline, this would be to earn money by giving the best possible public service Some such reply I think would be a more complete answer to our question
Development of an Aerial Spraying Contract Service
Authors: Harper J C
Published: October 2023

This talk should perhaps begin with a brief reference to the initial development and research made by the Company into the helicopter as a crop spraying machine Many will remember the early experiments made by Dr W E RIPPER, using one of the original Sikorsky R4 helicopters These trials were made at Henley and Cambridge m the early part of 1945 The results were sufficiently encouraging to consider helicopter possibilities in this industry However, the flying limitations of the R4 helicopter did not allow a full investigation into operational and economical findings
Flight Testing of Helicopters
Authors: O’Hara F.
Published: October 2023

On behalf of our Association, I have pleasure in extending the warmest welcome to our guests, and in particular to our guest of honour who is to lecture to us on the Flight Testing of Helicopters.

Mr. Frank O’Hara is an M.A. of both Cambridge and Edinburgh, and is a Principal Scientific Officer of the Ministry of Supply stationed at the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment at Beaulieu.

He joined A.F.E.E. in 1942 on leaving his previous appointment at the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment at Helensburgh. During the last 8 years the A.F.E.E. have increasingly looked to him for the solution of their research problems and as a fertile source of inspiration in overcoming the many difficult practical problems which the Establishment has found.

In the course of its work the A.F.E.E. has been responsible for developing the technique, and the necessary background of theoretical and practical knowledge, required for the flight testing of helicopters for the Ministry of Supply.
A Regime View of ENSO Flavors Through Clustering in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Vaittinada Ayar Pradeebane , Battisti David S. , Li Camille , King Martin , Vrac Mathieu , Tjiputra Jerry
Published: October 2023

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) flavors in the tropical Pacific are studied from a regime perspective. Five recurring spatial patterns or regimes characterizing the diversity of ENSO are established using a clustering approach applied to the HadISST sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Compared to previous studies, our approach gives a monthly characterization of the diversity of the warm and cold phases of ENSO established from observations but commonly applied to models and observations. Two warm (eastern and central El Niño), two cold (basin wide and central La Niña) and a neutral reference regimes are found. Simulated SST anomalies by the models from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 are then matched to these reference regimes. This allows for a consistent assessment of the skill of the models in reproducing the reference regimes over the historical period and the change in these regimes under the high‐warming Shared Socio‐economic Pathway (SSP5.8.5) scenario. Results over the historical period show that models simulate well the reference regimes with some discrepancies. Models simulate more intense and spatially extended ENSO patterns and have issues in capturing the correct regime seasonality, persistence, and transition between regimes. Some models also have difficulty simulating the frequency of regimes, the eastern El Niño regime in particular. In the future, both El Niño and central La Niña regimes are expected to be more frequent accompanied with a less frequent neutral regime. The central Pacific El Niño and La Niña regimes are projected to increase in amplitude and variability.
A Joint Perspective on North American and Euro‐Atlantic Weather Regimes
Authors: Messori Gabriele , Dorrington Joshua
Published: October 2023

Weather regimes are recurrent and quasi‐stationary large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns, typically linking to surface weather. Two commonly used sets of weather regimes are wintertime North American and Euro‐Atlantic regimes. Notwithstanding recent evidence pointing to a connection between winter weather in North America and Europe, there is little knowledge on the possible relation between North American and Euro‐Atlantic regimes. Here, we find that specific pairs of North American and Euro‐Atlantic regimes show a close visual and statistical correspondence. Moreover, the joint analysis of the two sets of regimes can provide medium‐range statistical predictability for anomalies in their occurrence frequencies. Conditioning on North American weather regimes also results in anomalies in both the large‐scale circulation during specific Euro‐Atlantic regimes, and the associated European surface weather. We conclude that there is a benefit in conducting joint analyses of North American and European weather regimes, as opposed to considering the two in isolation.
Generation Mechanisms of Hiss‐Like Chorus in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Kong Zhenyu , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Wang Xueyi
Published: October 2023

Whistler mode chorus waves appear either as a series of discrete elements (rising or falling tones) or as banded hiss‐like emissions in the dynamic spectrogram. Although the generation of rising‐tone chorus waves has been extensively studied, few studies have focused on the generation of hiss‐like emissions. In this paper, using the one‐dimensional (1‐D) general curvilinear particle‐in‐cell (gcPIC) simulation model, we have thoroughly studied the generation mechanisms of hiss‐like emissions. Based on the spectrogram, we first classify hiss‐like emissions into four types (I, II, III, and IV). We find that the type I hiss‐like waves are linearly excited by the anisotropic electrons, while other types are excited through the nonlinear process. For the type I waves, they do not undergo a frequency chirping process and have a relatively broadband spectrum. The high proportion of hot electrons or the large temperature anisotropy of hot electrons will decrease the threshold for nonlinear growth and cause the wave amplitudes to exceed the threshold, leading to the nonlinear generation of type II hiss‐like waves. The fresh hot electrons continually injected into the system with a large drift velocity significantly reduces the time interval between the rising tone elements to form a continuous spectrum, which are the type III waves. The intense and long‐lasting hiss‐like emissions, that is, type IV, which are the most frequently observed, should be generated due to the combined effect of the rapid injection and the high proportion of hot electrons (or the large temperature anisotropy). Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the generation of hiss‐like chorus waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Increased Population Exposure to Heat and Wet Extremes Moving From Chinese to Global 1.5 or 2.0°C Warming
Authors: Qin Peihua , Xie Zhenghui
Published: October 2023

The Paris Agreement proposed two global warming levels relative to the preindustrial period, with the ideal objective of 1.5°C warming and an upper boundary of 2.0 °C. However, the years when the temperature will first reach 1.5 or 2.0°C vary in different regions. Therefore, climate extremes and their population exposure are still not clear at regional or global warming levels. This study investigated climate extremes in China at different Chinese and global warming with 16 CMIP6 models under the middle SSP245 scenario. In China, the year when 1.5°C warming is projected to occur is 2020 and 2035 for 2.0°C warming. These values are more than 10 years earlier than the corresponding global warming levels of 2030 and 2049. Population exposure to percentile‐based heat extremes at global 1.5°C warming is projected to greatly increase relative to those when 1.5°C warming occurs in China due to increases in climate extremes, and exposure to absolute heat extreme indices is projected to decrease from Chinese to global 2.0°C warming under the joint impacts of increases in extremes and population decreases. Furthermore, from Chinese to global 1.5°C warming, about 344 million people will experience increased exposure to heat, wet and dry extremes, and around 468 and 371 million people will be affected by increased exposure to heat–wet and heat–dry extremes, respectively. Thus, a more adaptive strategy should be proposed to cope with the future possible natural hazards caused by heat–wet and heat–dry extremes.
Effect of Urbanization Through Land Coverage Classification
Authors: Sangeetha S. K. B. , Kushwah Virendra Singh , Sumangali K. , Sangeetha R. , Raja Kiruba Thangam , Mathivanan Sandeep Kumar
Published: October 2023

Land cover changes from rural or natural habitats to impervious surfaces that support various human activities are called urbanization. The evaluation of policy alternatives for future expansion and the promotion of sustainable urban development therefore place great emphasis on the mapping, analysis, and monitoring of land cover changes in metropolitan environments. By assessing changes in relevant environmental indicators at a range of scales, from local to regional, this study seeks to determine the rate of urbanization and analyze its impact on the environment in and around two key cities in Tamilnadu. Chennai and Madurai are the urban areas under investigation. The results are based on classifications of medium to high spatial resolution optical satellite images from 1995 to 2020. Various classification approaches with combinations of spectral, shape, and texture input information were combined to achieve high classification accuracy. Based on the categories, environmental indicators were created and used to calculate the impact of urbanization on the environment. The findings show that each research area experienced varying degrees of urban expansion and environmental impact. Urban areas grew tenfold between 1995 and 2015, according to a study comparing Chennai and Madurai. To evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of urbanization and its environmental impact in various metropolitan regions, this research shows the value of combining urban and environmental indicators with remote sensing data.
Modelling the overlap and divergence of autistic and schizotypal traits on hippocampal subfield volumes and regional cerebral blood flow
Authors: Nenadić Igor , Meller Tina , Evermann Ulrika , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Federspiel Andrea , Walther Sebastian , Grezellschak Sarah , Abu-Akel Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Psychiatric disorders show high co-morbidity, including co-morbid expressions of subclinical psychopathology across multiple disease spectra. Given the limitations of classical case-control designs in elucidating this overlap, new approaches are needed to identify biological underpinnings of spectra and their interaction. We assessed autistic-like traits (using the Autism Quotient, AQ) and schizotypy - as models of subclinical expressions of disease phenotypes and examined their association with volumes and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of anterior, mid- and posterior hippocampus segments from  structural MRI scans in 318 and arterial spin labelling (ASL) in 346 nonclinical subjects, which overlapped with the structural imaging sample (N = 298). We demonstrate significant interactive effects of positive schizotypy and AQ social skills as well as of positive schizotypy and AQ imagination on hippocampal subfield volume variation. Moreover, we show that AQ attention switching modulated hippocampal head rCBF, while positive schizotypy by AQ attention to detail interactions modulated hippocampal tail rCBF. In addition, we show significant correlation of hippocampal volume and rCBF in both region-of-interest and voxel-wise analyses, which were robust after removal of variance related to schizotypy and autistic traits. These findings provide empirical evidence for both the modulation of hippocampal subfield structure and function through subclinical traits, and in particular how only the interaction of phenotype facets leads to significant reductions or variations in these parameters. This makes a case for considering the synergistic impact of different (subclinical) disease spectra on transdiagnostic biological parameters in psychiatry.
RNA modification in cardiovascular disease: implications for therapeutic interventions
Authors: Wang Cong , Hou Xuyang , Guan Qing , Zhou Huiling , Zhou Li , Liu Lijun , Liu Jijia , Li Feng , Li Wei , Liu Haidan
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world, with a high incidence and a youth-oriented tendency. RNA modification is ubiquitous and indispensable in cell, maintaining cell homeostasis and function by dynamically regulating gene expression. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of aberrant gene expression in CVD caused by dysregulated RNA modification. In this review, we focus on nine common RNA modifications: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), pseudouridine (Ψ), uridylation, adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, and modifications of U34 on tRNA wobble. We summarize the key regulators of RNA modification and their effects on gene expression, such as RNA splicing, maturation, transport, stability, and translation. Then, based on the classification of CVD, the mechanisms by which the disease occurs and progresses through RNA modifications are discussed. Potential therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy, are reviewed based on these mechanisms. Herein, some of the CVD (such as stroke and peripheral vascular disease) are not included due to the limited availability of literature. Finally, the prospective applications and challenges of RNA modification in CVD are discussed for the purpose of facilitating clinical translation. Moreover, we look forward to more studies exploring the mechanisms and roles of RNA modification in CVD in the future, as there are substantial uncultivated areas to be explored.
Acetylcholine waves and dopamine release in the striatum
Authors: Matityahu Lior , Gilin Naomi , Sarpong Gideon A. , Atamna Yara , Tiroshi Lior , Tritsch Nicolas X. , Wickens Jeffery R. , Goldberg Joshua A.
Published: October 2023

Striatal dopamine encodes reward, with recent work showing that dopamine release occurs in spatiotemporal waves. However, the mechanism of dopamine waves is unknown. Here we report that acetylcholine release in mouse striatum also exhibits wave activity, and that the spatial scale of striatal dopamine release is extended by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Based on these findings, and on our demonstration that single cholinergic interneurons can induce dopamine release, we hypothesized that the local reciprocal interaction between cholinergic interneurons and dopamine axons suffices to drive endogenous traveling waves. We show that the morphological and physiological properties of cholinergic interneuron – dopamine axon interactions can be modeled as a reaction-diffusion system that gives rise to traveling waves. Analytically-tractable versions of the model show that the structure and the nature of propagation of acetylcholine and dopamine traveling waves depend on their coupling, and that traveling waves can give rise to empirically observed correlations between these signals. Thus, our study provides evidence for striatal acetylcholine waves in vivo, and proposes a testable theoretical framework that predicts that the observed dopamine and acetylcholine waves are strongly coupled phenomena.
N-terminal acetylation shields proteins from degradation and promotes age-dependent motility and longevity
Authors: Varland Sylvia , Silva Rui Duarte , Kjosås Ine , Faustino Alexandra , Bogaert Annelies , Billmann Maximilian , Boukhatmi Hadi , Kellen Barbara , Costanzo Michael , Drazic Adrian , Osberg Camilla , Chan Katherine , Zhang Xiang , Tong Amy Hin Yan , Andreazza Simonetta , Lee Juliette J. , Nedyalkova Lyudmila , Ušaj Matej , Whitworth Alexander J. , Andrews Brenda J. , Moffat Jason , Myers Chad L. , Gevaert Kris , Boone Charles , Martinho Rui Gonçalo , Arnesen Thomas
Published: October 2023

Most eukaryotic proteins are N-terminally acetylated, but the functional impact on a global scale has remained obscure. Using genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in human cells, we reveal a strong genetic dependency between a major N-terminal acetyltransferase and specific ubiquitin ligases. Biochemical analyses uncover that both the ubiquitin ligase complex UBR4-KCMF1 and the acetyltransferase NatC recognize proteins bearing an unacetylated N-terminal methionine followed by a hydrophobic residue. NatC KO-induced protein degradation and phenotypes are reversed by UBR knockdown, demonstrating the central cellular role of this interplay. We reveal that loss of Drosophila NatC is associated with male sterility, reduced longevity, and age-dependent loss of motility due to developmental muscle defects. Remarkably, muscle-specific overexpression of UbcE2M, one of the proteins targeted for NatC KO-mediated degradation, suppresses defects of NatC deletion. In conclusion, NatC-mediated N-terminal acetylation acts as a protective mechanism against protein degradation, which is relevant for increased longevity and motility.
Overcoming power-efficiency tradeoff in a micro heat engine by engineered system-bath interactions
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sudeesh , Ganapathy Rajesh , Sood A. K.
Published: October 2023

All real heat engines, be it conventional macro engines or colloidal and atomic micro engines, inevitably tradeoff efficiency in their pursuit to maximize power. This basic postulate of finite-time thermodynamics has been the bane of all engine design for over two centuries and all optimal protocols implemented hitherto could at best minimize only the loss in the efficiency. The absence of a protocol that allows engines to overcome this limitation has prompted theoretical studies to suggest universality of the postulate in both passive and active engines. Here, we experimentally overcome the power-efficiency tradeoff in a colloidal Stirling engine by selectively reducing relaxation times over only the isochoric processes using system bath interactions generated by electrophoretic noise. Our approach opens a window of cycle times where the tradeoff is reversed and enables the engine to surpass even their quasistatic efficiency. Our strategies finally cut loose engine design from fundamental restrictions and pave way for the development of more efficient and powerful engines and devices.
FIGNL1 AAA+ ATPase remodels RAD51 and DMC1 filaments in pre-meiotic DNA replication and meiotic recombination
Authors: Ito Masaru , Furukohri Asako , Matsuzaki Kenichiro , Fujita Yurika , Toyoda Atsushi , Shinohara Akira
Published: October 2023

The formation of RAD51/DMC1 filaments on single-stranded (ss)DNAs essential for homology search and strand exchange in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is tightly regulated. FIGNL1 AAA+++ ATPase controls RAD51-mediated recombination in human cells. However, its role in gametogenesis remains unsolved. Here, we characterized a germ line-specific conditional knockout (cKO) mouse of FIGNL1. Fignl1 cKO male mice showed defective chromosome synapsis and impaired meiotic DSB repair with the accumulation of RAD51/DMC1 on meiotic chromosomes, supporting a positive role of FIGNL1 in homologous recombination at a post-assembly stage of RAD51/DMC1 filaments. Fignl1 cKO spermatocytes also accumulate RAD51/DMC1 on chromosomes in pre-meiotic S-phase. These RAD51/DMC1 assemblies are independent of meiotic DSB formation. We also showed that purified FIGNL1 dismantles RAD51 filament on double-stranded (ds)DNA as well as ssDNA. These results suggest an additional role of FIGNL1 in limiting the non-productive assembly of RAD51/DMC1 on native dsDNAs during pre-meiotic S-phase and meiotic prophase I.
Using drivers and transmission pathways to identify SARS-like coronavirus spillover risk hotspots
Authors: Muylaert Renata L. , Wilkinson David A. , Kingston Tigga , D’Odorico Paolo , Rulli Maria Cristina , Galli Nikolas , John Reju Sam , Alviola Phillip , Hayman David T. S.
Published: October 2023

The emergence of SARS-like coronaviruses is a multi-stage process from wildlife reservoirs to people. Here we characterize multiple drivers—landscape change, host distribution, and human exposure—associated with the risk of spillover of zoonotic SARS-like coronaviruses to help inform surveillance and mitigation activities. We consider direct and indirect transmission pathways by modeling four scenarios with livestock and mammalian wildlife as potential and known reservoirs before examining how access to healthcare varies within clusters and scenarios. We found 19 clusters with differing risk factor contributions within a single country (N = 9) or transboundary (N = 10). High-risk areas were mainly closer (11-20%) rather than far ( < 1%) from healthcare. Areas far from healthcare reveal healthcare access inequalities, especially Scenario 3, which includes wild mammals and not livestock as secondary hosts. China (N = 2) and Indonesia (N = 1) had clusters with the highest risk. Our findings can help stakeholders in land use planning, integrating healthcare implementation and One Health actions.
Prolonging somatic cell proliferation through constitutive hox gene expression in C. elegans
Authors: Heinze Svenia D. , Berger Simon , Engleitner Stefanie , Daube Michael , Hajnal Alex
Published: October 2023

hoxgenes encode a conserved family of homeodomain transcription factors that are essential to determine the identity of body segments during embryogenesis and maintain adult somatic stem cells competent to regenerate organs. In contrast to higher organisms, somatic cells inC. elegansirreversibly exit the cell cycle after completing their cell lineage and the adult soma cannot regenerate. Here, we show thathoxgene expression levels inC. elegansdetermine the temporal competence of somatic cells to proliferate. Down-regulation of the centralhoxgenelin-39in dividing vulval cells results in their premature cell cycle exit, whereas constitutivelin-39expression causes precocious Pn.p cell and sex myoblast divisions and prolongs the proliferative phase of the vulval cells past their normal point of arrest. Furthermore, ectopic expression ofhoxgenes in the quiescent anchor cell re-activates the cell cycle and induces proliferation until young adulthood. Thus, constitutive expression of a singlehoxtranscription factor is sufficient to prolong somatic cell proliferation beyond the restriction imposed by the cell lineage. The down-regulation ofhoxgene expression in most somatic cells at the end of larval development may be one cause for the absence of cell proliferation in adultC. elegans.
Modified version of unified multiple system atrophy rating scale for remote video-based assessments
Authors: Xiao Yi , Zhang Lingyu , Wei Qianqian , Ou Ruwei , Hou Yanbing , Liu Kuncheng , Lin Junyu , Yang Tianmi , Qirui Jiang , Shang Huifang
Published: October 2023

We modified the original Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) for remote video-based visits by excluding ocular motor dysfunction, increased tone, and body sway, resulting in a 23-item UMSARS (mUMSARS-23). The mUMSARS-23 demonstrated excellent reliability and strong validity when compared to the original scale, making it a promising tool for conducting video-based virtual assessments in patients with multiple system atrophy.
A trait dataset for freshwater mussels of the United States of America
Authors: Hopper Garrett W. , Bucholz Jamie R. , DuBose Traci P. , Fogelman Kaelyn J. , Keogh Sean M. , Kubala Megan E. , Lodato Matthew B. , Nichols David H. , Sánchez González Irene , Pfeiffer John M. , Stoeckel James A. , Lozier Jeffrey D. , Atkinson Carla L.
Published: October 2023

The United States of America has a diverse collection of freshwater mussels comprising 301 species distributed among 59 genera and two families (Margaritiferidae and Unionidae), each having a unique suite of traits. Mussels are among the most imperilled animals and are critical components of their ecosystems, and successful management, conservation and research requires a cohesive and widely accessible data source. Although trait-based analysis for mussels has increased, only a small proportion of traits reflecting mussel diversity in this region has been collated. Decentralized and non-standardized trait information impedes large-scale analysis. Assembling trait data in a synthetic dataset enables comparison across species and lineages and identification of data gaps. We collated data from the primary literature, books, state and federal reports, theses and dissertations, and museum collections into a centralized dataset covering information on taxonomy, morphology, reproductive ecology and life history, fish hosts, habitats, thermal tolerance, geographic distribution, available genetic information, and conservation status. By collating these traits, we aid researchers in assessing variation in mussel traits and modelling ecosystem change.
Standardized Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF®) in COVID-19 outcomes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Silveira Marcelo Augusto Duarte , Menezes Matheus de Alencar , de Souza Sergio Pinto , Galvão Erica Batista dos Santos , Berretta Andresa Aparecida , Caldas Juliana , Teixeira Maurício Brito , Gomes Marcel Miranda Dantas , Damiani Lucas Petri , Bahiense Bruno Andrade , Cabral Julia Barros , De Oliveira Cicero Wandson Luiz Macedo , Mascarenhas Talita Rocha , Pinheiro Priscila Carvalho Guedes , Alves Milena Souza , de Melo Rodrigo Morel Vieira , Leite Flávia Mendes , Nonaka Carolina Kymie Vasques , Souza Bruno Solano de Freitas , Baptista Nathália Ursoli , Teles Flávio , da Guarda Suzete Farias , Mendes Ana Verena Almeida , Passos Rogério da Hora
Published: October 2023

SARS-CoV-2 and its different variants caused a “wave and wave” pandemic pattern. During the first wave we demonstrated that standardized Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF®) reduces length of hospital stay in adult patients with COVID-19. Afterwards, we decided to evaluate the impact of EPP-AF in hospitalized patients during the third wave of the pandemic. BeeCovid2 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients. Patients were allocated to receive an oral dose of 900 mg/day of EPP-AF® or placebo for 10 days. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included safety, secondary infection rate, duration of oxygen therapy dependency, acute kidney injury and need for intensive care. Patients were followed up for 28 days after admission. We enrolled 188 patients; 98 were assigned to the propolis group and 90 to the placebo group. The post-intervention length of hospital stay was of 6.5 ± 6.0 days in the propolis group versus 7.7 ± 7.1 days in the control group (95% CI − 0.74 [− 1.94 to 0.42]; p = 0.22). Propolis did not have significant impact on the need for oxygen supplementation or frequency of AKI. There was a significant difference in the incidence of secondary infection between groups, with 6.1% in the propolis group versus 18.9% in the control group (95% CI − 0.28 [0.1–0.76], p = 0.01). The use of EPP-AF was considered safe and associated with a decrease in secondary infections. The drug was not associated with a significant reduction in length of hospital stay. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04800224).
An immune deficient mouse model for mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (Sanfilippo syndrome)
Authors: Pollock Kari , Noritake Sabrina , Imai Denise M. , Pastenkos Gabrielle , Olson Marykate , Cary Whitney , Yang Sheng , Fierro Fernando A. , White Jeannine , Graham Justin , Dahlenburg Heather , Johe Karl , Nolta Jan A.
Published: October 2023

Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPSIII, Sanfilippo syndrome) is a devastating lysosomal storage disease that primarily affects the central nervous system. MPSIIIA is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene coding for sulfamidase (N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase/SGSH) resulting in SGSH enzyme deficiency, a buildup of heparin sulfate and subsequent neurodegeneration. There is currently no cure or disease modifying treatment for MPSIIIA. A mouse model for MPSIIIA was characterized in 1999 and later backcrossed onto the C57BL/6 background. In the present study, a novel immune deficient MPSIIIA mouse model (MPSIIIA-TKO) was created by backcrossing the immune competent, C57BL/6 MPSIIIA mouse to an immune deficient mouse model lacking Rag2, CD47 and Il2rg genes. The resulting mouse model has undetectable SGSH activity, exhibits histological changes consistent with MPSIIIA and lacks T cells, B cells and NK cells. This new mouse model has the potential to be extremely useful in testing human cellular therapies in an animal model as it retains the MPSIIIA disease phenotype while tolerating xenotransplantation.
Comprehensive constitutive modeling and analysis of multi-elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for wearable device simulations
Authors: Zulkifli Nora Asyikin , Moon Geon Dae , Hyun Dong Choon , Lee Sungwon
Published: October 2023

Within the field of wearable devices, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has long been one of the most prominent materials utilized. It is therefore unsurprising that demands for its usage has now extended beyond experimental works into computational simulations, particularly those involving finite element method (FEM). To replicate the mechanical properties of PDMS in FEM, an accurate constitutive model is required, preferably one that encompasses wide ranges of PDMS elasticity. In this study, we determine Mooney–Rivlin 5 parameters as the best hyperelastic model fitted against PDMS experimental data, and proceed to construct a parameter correlation plot combining PDMS of different elasticities together. Experimental validation using PDMS samples fabricated via 3D-printed molds is then performed using parameters extracted from this plot, showing good agreement between simulation and experimental result. In addition, to reflect model applicability, simulations related to basic mechanical deformations involved in flexible devices (compression, stretching, bending and twisting) are performed and analyzed. Further analysis is also performed to investigate the effect of combining different experimental datasets as input into the model. We expect our work to be potentially helpful to be applied as both framework and database for wearable device engineers and researchers who are experimenting with varying PDMS concentrations and modulus.
Enhancing radiative efficiency in MHD micropumps using plasma-infused hybrid bioconvective nanofluids for advanced radiative oncology at tertiary level
Authors: Abid Abyaz , Azad A. K. , Bhuiyan Arafat A.
Published: October 2023

This research paper investigates the optimization of radiation performance of a plasma-based bioconvective nanofluid integrated Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) micropump for radiative oncology. It addresses a literature gap by analysing the radiative impact of blood-based hybrid nanofluids in MHD micropumps. Three blood-based bio-convective radiating hybrid nanofluids—blood—Pt, blood—Au and blood—MWCNT are studied to understand their radiation behaviour in MHD pump while being employed as transportation medium. The investigation employs two non-dimensional parameters, namely Rd (Radiation number) and Ha (Hartmann number), to examine the fluid dynamics, magnetic characteristics, and electrical properties of the MHD micropump. The temperature gradient, velocity distribution, and pressure drop along the flow channel are examined within the specified range of Rd and Ha. Magnetic flux density (MFD) and electric flux intensity (EFI) are evaluated to understand nanoparticle behaviour during drug delivery and blood transportation. Findings highlight that MWCNT and Pt are the most efficient bioconvective nanoparticles for plasma transportation under high radiative conditions. MWCNT-based blood flow exhibits desirable characteristics, including sufficient intake pressure of 4.5 kPa and minimal relative pressure drop of 34%. Coherence between radiation flux and electromagnetic flux reduces pumping power and ensures uniform heat dissipation for improved drug delivery. Au nanoparticles provide moderate magnetic flux density with least fluctuation within the range of Ha and Rd number (2.57 T to 4.39 T), even in highly radiative environments (such as—Rd = 4, Rd = 5), making them suitable for applications like embedded chemotherapy or cell treatment. Au nanoparticles maintain moderate electrical flux intensity with a minimal drop of 16nA, particularly at higher radiative environments influenced by the Radiation number (Rd = 4 to Rd = 5) while Ha values from Ha = 2 to Ha = 4. Conclusively, it has been identified that MWCNT and Au are superior nanofluids for advanced radiative oncological treatments. These nanofluids have the potential to enhance plasma transportation, thermal regulation, and aetilogical disease management. The present study provides significant findings on enhancing the radiation performance in MHD micropumps through utilization of blood-based hybrid nanofluids, thereby offering potential advantages to the domain of biomedical engineering.
Characterization of interaction phenomena of electromagnetic waves with metamaterials via microwave near-field visualization technique
Authors: Baghdasaryan Zhirayr , Babajanyan Arsen , Friedman Barry , Lee Kiejin
Published: October 2023

A new practical imaging technique was presented for metamaterial characterization and investigation by visualizations of the magnetic microwave near-field (H-MWNF) distributions on a metamaterial's surface using the method of thermo-elastic optical indicator microscopy (TEOIM). ITO-based transparent and ceramic-based opaque metamaterial structures were designed for magnetic near-field visualization. Depending on the incident microwave field polarization, the TEOIM system allows the characterization of the metamaterial properties and microwave interaction behavior. The working principle of the periodic structures was investigated through numerical simulations, and the obtained results exhibited strong agreement when compared with experimental observations. Moreover, the visualization of the H-MWNF revealed the potential to characterize and evaluate the absorption and transmission properties effectively.
Comparison of effects of HucMSCs, exosomes, and conditioned medium on NASH
Authors: Liang Chenchen , Gao Siyuan , Gao Jianpeng , Xu Yanwen , Li Qilong
Published: October 2023

To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, and their conditioned media on lipid storage in oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) treated hepatocytes and high-fat methionine- choline deficient diet (HFMRCD) induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice. AML12 cells were stimulated with OA and PA to establish the lipid storage cell model. HucMSCs, exosomes, and culture medium were then co-cultured. At the same time, C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFMRCD for 6 or 8 weeks to establish a NASH mouse model. The effect of HucMSCs, exosomes, and culture medium on lipid droplet repair of hepatocytes or NASH mice was then assessed. The weight of hepatocytes or liver tissue, Oil Red O, hematoxylin–eosin staining, Masson staining, Western blot, and qPCR were used to detect the related IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1 andEI24/AMPK/mTOR pathway expression in hepatocytes and liver tissue. Compared with the model group, the effect of HucMSCs-Ex on inhibiting the accumulation of lipid droplets was more obvious at the cell level. In vivo study showed that HucMSCs-Ex reduces activity scores in NASH mice and improves liver tissue morphology by reducing vacuolar degeneration, fat deposition, and collagen deposition of liver tissue. Western blot and qPCR results showed that inflammatory factors and AMPK/mTOR or EI24-related autophagy pathways were altered before and after treatment. HucMSCs, HucMSC-Ex, and CM can promote autophagy in hepatocytes or NASH mice through the AMPK/mTOR or EI24-related autophagy pathway and alleviate injury associated with lipid deposition, collagen deposition or inflammation, reversing the progression of NASH.
Enhancement of plasmonic coupling on Si metallized with intense femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Tateda Mika , Iida Yuto , Miyaji Godai
Published: October 2023

Using a pump–probe technique, the reflectivity of a silicon grating surface irradiated with intense femtosecond (fs) laser pulses was measured as a function of the incidence angle and the delay time between pulses. After irradiating the surface with an intense s-polarized, 400 nm, 300 fs laser pulse, the reflectivity measured with a weak p-polarized, 800 nm, 100 fs laser pulse exhibited an abrupt decrease for an incidence angle of ~ 24°. The depth of the dip was greatest for a delay time of 0.6–10 ps, for which the reflectivity around the dip was highest. The surface was also found to be ablated most strongly for the conditions causing the deepest dip for a delay time of 5–10 ps. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on silicon metallized by the intense pulse are resonantly excited by the subsequent pulse, and the strong coherent coupling between the subsequent pulse and SPPs excited on the molten Si surface produced by high-density free electrons induces strong surface ablation due to the intense plasmonic near-field. The results clearly show that fs pulses can be used to significantly modulate the nature of nonmetallic materials and could possibly serve as a basic tool for the excitation of SPPs on nonmetallic materials using ultrafast laser–matter interactions.
A preliminary study of fingerprint aging using near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI)
Authors: Carneiro Caroline R. , Silva Carolina S. , Weber Ingrid T.
Published: October 2023

PLS-DA classification to date hyperspectral fingerprint images. More effective classifications for old/degraded days.
The application of generalized S-transform in the denoising of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrum
Authors: Junfeng Dai , Li-hui Fu
Published: October 2023

A method based on generalized S-transform optimized by BES algorithm is applied to the denoising of SPR spectrum. Two fitness functions are used to evaluate the denoising effect, the influence of time width and attenuation trend are studied.
Assembly of highly efficient overall CO2 + H2O electrolysis cell with the matchup of CO2 reduction and water oxidation catalyst
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhu Hong-Lin , Li Zhong-Yi , Zheng Yue-Qing
Published: October 2023

An overall CO2 + H2O device is preparation with choice of high performance CO2 reduction CoPc/Fe-N-C cathode electrode and low-cost and highly activity heterostructured nanosheet g-NiOOH/NiCO3/Ni(HCOO)2 anode.
Sustainable, low Ni-containing Mg-doped layered oxides as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Lavela Pedro , Leyva Julia , Tirado José Luis
Published: October 2023

The supply of nickel for sodium-ion batteries is concerning. The research on new electrode materials minimizing the use of nickel is crucial. Na0.67Mg0.05Ni0.05Mn0.9O2 demonstrated excellent performance as a cathode even at low temperatures.
AITF (4-acetamidophenyl triflimide) mediated synthesis of amides, peptides and esters
Authors: Chetankumar Eti , Bharamawadeyar Swetha , Srinivasulu Chinthaginjala , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: October 2023

AITF is a stable, crystalline solid that is used for the construction of amide, peptide and ester bonds. The utility of AITF for peptide synthesis is summarized.
A deconstruction–reconstruction strategy to access 1-naphthol derivatives: application to the synthesis of aristolactam scaffolds
Authors: Bak Jeong Min , Song Moonyeong , Shin Inji , Lim Hee Nam
Published: October 2023

A fragmentation–annulation reaction of α-oximinoindanones for the synthesis of 1-naphthol derivatives has been delineated in a highly practical manner. The utility was further demonstrated in the multi-step synthesis of a tetracyclic aristolactam analogue.