bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity: A Review
Authors:   Agricultural Education Department, School of Undergraduate, College of Education Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria, Baba Salisu Audu , Adamu Idris A ,   Agricultural Education Department, College of Education Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria
Published: February 2022

Global warning and thus climate change is a global issue and its consequences are being felt at varying degrees in different parts of the world. The developing countries are more vulnerable to its effects because of their poor economic status and political instability. In recent times, experiences of more flooding, erosion, drought, storms, rise in sea level and other extreme weather conditions resulting in poverty, degraded environment and low agricultural productivity. It’s devastating impact on various dimension of human endeavours and socio-economic income of nations and individual cannot be over emphasized. Climatologically, has an extremely variable rainfall distribution, which will be exacerbated by climate change. This will inevitably impact on agriculture and the availability of water to sustain human activities. These future climate change impacts are likely to aggravate the harmful effects of poor land use; practices, especially deforestation, soil degradation and water pollution. Communities that have been made vulnerable by economic hardship and disease will find it even harder to cope. Climate change is perhaps the most serious environmental threat to the fight against hunger, malnutrition, diseases and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa mainly through its impact on agricultural productivity
Development and Standardization of Naturally Fortified Litti – Chokha
Authors:   Prof, JVWU University, India, Raghav Pramod K. , Kizhuveetil Uma ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Food & Biotechnology, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University ( JVWU), Jaipur, India, Joshi Kirti ,   B.tech + M.tech (FBT) Student JVWU University, India
Published: February 2022

In addition to being popular today in India, Litti Chokha, a traditional dish that comes from Bihar state, is now a dish of people globally. Litti appears to be baati with similar durability and shelter that makes food easy to store and carry on long journeys. The nutritional value of the different filled spices and herbs adds to the potential value of the food in nutraceuticals. In addition, chickpea is an excellent source of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and iron), fatty acids unsaturated, and β-carotene. Due to these properties and compatibility with wheat flour and chickpeas, Litti is suitable as an amplification agent. In this research, Remove these words development and standardization of the preparation of chickpea flour fortified Litti was studied. Nutritionally enhanced litti were prepared using wheat flour and chickpea flour incorporated in various ratios (20%–60%). Litti prepared from 40% incorporation (C2) had a higher acceptance compared to others. The variant C2 contained protein 8.20g, fat 3.22g, carbohydrate 26.83g, energy 523.0 kcal, and fiber 7.06g
Follow-Up Strategies in Focal Liver Lesions and Treatment Methods
Authors:   Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey, Goral Vedat , Mert Goral Kerem ,   Istanbul Health and Technology University, Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: February 2022

Today, advances in cross-sectional imaging have led to the detection and early recognition of incidental/focal liver lesions (FCL). In approximately 17,000 cases of chest CT, incidental liver lesions were found in 6% [1]. In general, FCL consists of hepatocytes, biliary epithelium, mesenchymal tissue, connective tissue, or metastasized cells from distant sites. Most incidental lesions are benign, some may require careful management and treatment. In evaluating the lesion, the patient’s clinical history, underlying disease and age factor should be considered. FCL can be detected at a rate of 10-30% in normal healthy and chronic liver disease patients, and even in oncology patients with malignancy, FCLs can be highly benign (50-80%).
Encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis
Authors: Hira Asghar  , Rabail Raza  , Imran Khalid Niazi  , Kashif Siddiqui
Published: February 2022

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) also known as abdominal cacoon is a rare cause of acute or subacute small bowel obstruction. It is characterized by total or partial encasement of the small bowel within a thick fibrocollagenous membrane which may be formed in response to prolonged, repetitive, and severe insult to the peritoneal mesothelium. This is frequently seen in the setting of peritoneal dialysis. However other causes may include chronic inflammation. We present a case of EPS in a male with infrequent abdominal pain, nausea and fever....
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The relationship between albumin-bilirubin score and survival in patients operated for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Fidan Evren , Yildirim Atila , Kazaz Nazli , Fidan Sami , Cekic Arif Burak
Published: February 2022

Objective: To investigate whether albumin-bilirubin score can be used as a prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer patients post-surgery.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Medical Oncology Clinic, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, and comprised data from 2010 to 2018 of pancreatic cancer patients who had undergone distal pancreatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy and were followed up for 3 years. Preoperative and postoperative serum albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, bilirubin, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and platelet:lymphocyte ratio were compared as inflammation markers, while albumin-bilirubin scores were calculated using the equation linear predictor. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.
Results: Of the 39 patients, 23(59%) were men and 16(41%) were women. The mean age of the sample was 62.4±10.2 years. No statistically significant changes were observed between preoperative and postoperative albumin-bilirubin scores, carcinoembryonic antigen, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and platelet:lymphocyte ratio (p>0.05). Significant decreases were observed in postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminas levels (respectively<0.05). No significant change was determined in postoperative albumin-bilirubin grade distributions compared to preoperative values (p=0.180). Although the rate of recurrence increased in line with preoperative albumin-bilirubin scores, the finding was not statistically significant (p=0.055). Mortality rate increased significantly in line with preoperative albumin-bilirubin scores (p=0.013).
Conclusion: The albumin-bilirubin score affected survival in patients with pancreatic cancer, and can be employed as a prognostic factor in this patient group.
Key Words: Pancreatic cancer, Albumin-bilirubin score, Prognostic factors.
AGAMA DAN KELOMPOK MINORITAS: KASUS LGBT
Authors: Surianti Surianti
Published: February 2022

In the context of belief, each religion equally teaches the Oneness of God and in social matters it also teaches goodness such as doing good to fellow religions and inter-religious people. But this does not rule out the possibility that their perspective on cases in social reality has differences, one of which is in terms of sexuality in the LGBT minority group who often gets discriminated against from the public, because they are influenced by many biased thoughts and views that lead to misunderstandings. There are many factors behind a person becoming LGBT including environmental factors, sexual freedom, genetics, hormones, rationale justification and also the principles of life so that it can be understood that LGBT is not necessarily formed without the involvement of other people in it. The counseling process is one of the key points that can be used as a treatment for this problem, with a behavioral approach expected to be able to change LGBT behavior to adapt well to their living conditions.
Pengaruh DER, DPR, Profitability, dan Firm Size terhadap Income Smoothing
Authors: Rizkison Rizkison , Musfitria Anessa , Anggraeni Rosita
Published: February 2022

Companies operate with the aim of making a profit, by selling products (goods or services) to their customers. In addition, the company also has a specific goal, namely to maximize the welfare of shareholders and maximize profits. In line with financial theory. The purpose of this study is to discuss and analyze the effect of debt to equity ratio, dividend, payout ratio, profitability, and firm size on income smoothing. The research method used in this study is associative research method, namely research that aims to determine the influence or relationship between two or more variables looking for roles, influences, and causal relationships between independent variables and population-bound variables. listed on the BEI with data collection techniques through interviews, observations. The results of the study partially show that the four variables namely Debt to Equity Ratio, Dividend Payout Ratio, Profitability, and Firm Size have no effect on Income Smoothing. Simultaneous research results show that simultaneously Debt to Equity Ratio, Dividend Payout Ratio, Profitability, and Firm Size have no effect on Income Smoothing. The predictive ability of these four variables on Income Smoothing is known to be -0.113. How is it known that the Adjusted R Square test in this study obtained a value of -0.113, which means that the data processing test above obtained a negative Adjusted R2 value, then the Adjusted R2 value is considered zero.
Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Omset Penjualan
Authors: Walad Muhammad Mumtaza , Meliyani Meliyani , Ananda Sri Riska , Alfarezzi Ahmad , Suhairi Suhairi
Published: February 2022

Business development that occurs in the community is a very important factor, namely in terms of efforts to develop Human Resources (HR), among others, in terms of determining the price of a product that is traded, Promotion of products so that they sell well, maintaining product quality so that consumers do not disappointed, service so that consumers are satisfied and competitors who have an impact on sales results in the future.

Keywords : Development, Human Resources, Sales Turnover
Studi Literature Strategi BMT Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Ummat Berbasis Masjid
Authors: Pandapotan Pandapotan , Soemitra  Andri
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine how the strategies used by BMT in empowering and improving the economy of mosque-based congregations. Mosques are not only used for worship activities but can also empower the congregation's economy. A mosque with all the potential that exists can establish Baitul Maal wal Tamwil for its independence. This study uses selected literature. The research method used is a literature study by collecting articles related to the research theme downloaded from Google Scholar for publication in the last 5 years. Then a content analysis was carried out in accordance with the Researcher's Discussion Topic, namely the BMT Strategy in Empowering a Mosque-Based Economy so that 41 articles were obtained. The main finding of this research from a literature review shows that the establishment of a mosque-based BMT can significantly improve the economy of the congregation. The BMT strategies used are: ZISWAF for Economic Empowerment, Human Resources, Transparency and Accountability, Finance Inclusion, Marketing Management, Implementation of Sharia Economic Contracts, BMT Performance, Establishment of BMT, Integration of ZISWAF with BMT, and Role Models. 

Keywords: BMT, Empowerment, Mosque.
Kesejahteraan Karyawan Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Kerja Perusahaan di Era Pandimi Covid-19
Authors: Azis Afrizal , Eldianson  Rio , Tampubolon Maruli Tua
Published: February 2022

In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic from the beginning of 2020, the company's management implemented policies related to increasing human resources by providing welfare to employees by providing various allowance facilities so that work productivity would increase. This study aims to determine and examine the level of work productivity associated with welfare through the provision of employee benefits at the company. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach and field research. The results of this study indicate that the increase in employee work productivity during the covid-19 pandemic, for two years has proven to be quite good and influential, this can be seen from the results of data analysis and correlation analysis on the processing of the data obtained which tends to go up and down depending on the size of the allowance and Salary for employees is Rp. 160,776,882 or 9.1% for an increase in 2020 . Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that welfare has a very positive effect on increasing employee work productivity, companies should maintain the level of allowances that have been implemented in the company so that employee work productivity increases.

Keywords: welfare, work productivity, employees in the pandemic era
Konsep Seling dan Marketing
Authors: Ardilla Irna , Aslami Nuri
Published: February 2022

Abstract

In general, the design of organizational principles obtains certain benefits or improvements to the most extreme that can be expected, and supports to further advance the situation of the organization in seeking its long-term goals. The reason can be achieved if the sale of the organization is held on what has been arranged and this has been arranged beforehand. Therefore, this does not mean that every product or service of the organization that is purchased by the client, will always bring financial benefits to the organization. Around here, there are several variables that the organization should pay attention to. Sfudy Day and Nedimgodi clarified that organizations that can handle the market; referred to as a morkef-driven company; Is an organization that can adjust both directions well, with superior promotional performance results, compared to other companies. Coordination between capacities within the organization in an effort to share client and competitor data, to face more complicated competition.

Keywords : selling and marketing
Hambatan-Hambatan yang Dialami Perusahaan Asuransi Syariah Dalam Memasarkan Produknya
Authors: Zainta Santri Yani , Aslami Nuri
Published: February 2022

Public awareness to participate in insurance is also an obstacle for the development of sharia insurance in Indonesia. Low public awareness is a challenge for sharia insurance to provide an understanding of sharia insurance apart from the elements of maisir, gharar and usury. The level of awareness of the Indonesian people is still very low about the risks that will come in the future. This is because insurance is considered not as a primary need but as a complement to needs. The next is the community factor towards insurance. This concern can be in the form of fear if for example following insurance but when you have the misfortune of not getting a claim from the company this is usually caused by the words of other people who do not get a claim from a particular insurance company and disseminated to the general public so that it has an impact on other insurers, besides that people who have taken insurance are worried that they will not be able to pay premiums.

Keywords: Sharia Insurance, Conventional Insurance, and Public Awareness.
NO in de uitgeademde lucht, een overzicht
Authors: Vanneste H. , Derom E. , Brusselle G. , Joos G.
Published: February 2022

FeNO, an overview

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease and unfortunately a lot of patients still do not achieve disease control. Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule which is produced in the lungs and acts as a neurotransmitter, a smooth muscle relaxator and inflammatory mediator. So, measurement of exhaled NO (FeNO) gives us information about the airway environment. In this narrative paper we like to give an overview on FeNO and its clinical application as a non-invasive marker in asthma patients. The interpretation of FeNO is not always easy since there are several influencing factors. Nonetheless it can help distinguish certain endotypes in asthma to optimize treatment by predicting response on corticoids and biologicals, and it can be used in follow-up of asthma.
Interprofessional Education Towards Interprofessional Practice: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Respiratory Care Students and Therapists’ Perceptions
Authors: Al Nufaiei Ziyad F , Zipp Genevieve Pinto
Published: February 2022

Background: Respiratory care (RC) is a healthcare discipline that specializes in providing treatment for patients with acute and chronic cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Today, RC possesses a solid skill base and an expansive depth of knowledge, enabling them to provide safe, team-based, evidence-based effective care for patients. This study explores perceptions of RC students (RCS), RC faculty (RCF), and RC professionals (RCP) regarding Interprofessional Education (IPE) and Interprofessional Practice (IPP). Additionally, it identifies factors that affect perceptions of knowledge, skills, and abilities related to IPE and IPP among RCS, RCF, and RCP.

Methods: A mixed method (embedded) design was used. An online email survey questionnaire was emailed to the program directors to distribute it among their students, alumni, and faculty.  The total of 421 program directors were reached via email. Three hundred forty-five surveys were returned, with 208 surveys eligible for analysis.

Results:  The findings showed a significant main effect of professional status on the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) overall score regardless of the IPE exposure. However, there was no significant difference in the average score on the competency and autonomy, perceived need for cooperation, or perception of actual cooperation. Qualitatively, it was revealed that simulation was the most useful IPE experience for promoting IPP. Additional factors such as time, attitude, experiences, cooperation, and cost were believed to affect the infusion of IPE into the academic environment.

Conclusion: Regardless of the status of RCS and RCPs exposure to IPE during their professional education, all perceived IPE as positively supporting IPP. Qualitatively, for those directly exposed to IPE, simulation was identified as the most useful IPE experience for promoting IPP.

Recommendations: IPE should be continued implemented as a strategy for the promotion of IPP, as well as the necessity for further documentation and assessment of the IPE techniques used in the academy to guarantee learning outcome accountability.
EFFECTS OF MARRIAGE AND RELIGION ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG STUDENTS OF SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN OWERRI METROPOLIS, IMO STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: Obasi Otuu Oko , Ajaraogu Jude Chimezie , Njoku Juliana Chinwendu , Eke Charles Ngome , Erondu Nnamdi Abangwu
Published: February 2022

Purpose: A huge amount of research and literature has reported the disturbing increase in the rate of drug abuse by youths and the havoc which this phenomenon has wreaked on the lives of individuals and nations across the globe. Against this backdrop of this problem, this study explores the effect of marriage and religion on drug abuse among students of selected tertiary institutions in Owerri metropolis in Imo State, Nigeria.

Methodology: The objectives include to: i. examine the socio-demographic profile of the target population; ii. Determine the most commonly abused drug by the students; and iii. Determine the effects of marriage and religion on drug abuse among the students.

Findings: The study was a cross-sectional research which disproportionately combined qualitative and quantitative methods. A sample size of 2,400 participants, drawn from five tertiary institutions in Owerri Capital Territory, Imo State of Nigeria, was used in the study. Researchers’ made Questionnaire was employed for data collection while binary logistic regression model and descriptive statistics were adopted in the analysis of data. Although the study generally did not find any significant relationship between marriage and drug abuse, it established a higher incidence of drug abuse among the divorced and the separated. The study also found out that the rate of drug abuse was higher among adherents of traditional religion than those of Christianity, Islam and other religions.

Recommendation: Based on these findings, the study recommended concerted family and societal efforts to mitigate the incidences of divorce and separation in marriages and to encourage youths to embrace religious organizations that customarily and doctrinally prohibit drug use and abuse.
Market Management System for Customer Care Service
Authors: Surjuse Vaishali , Gomase Jayant , Latare Onkar , Shende Nachiket
Published: February 2022

In order to seek out the amount of effectiveness of selling management and make a good system, it becomes evident that an additional in-depth study of the management of marketing activity as a method that happens beneath the influence of a group of factors, that thought will alter to higher sight and solve existing problems, is necessary. The topic of the study is the theoretical and method foundations of management of the marketing activities of an enterprise and strategies for evaluating its effectiveness. The aim of the study is to create a system for managing marketing activities of an enterprise. In order to attain the aim of the study, the subsequent tasks are set and solved: to substantiate theoretical and method foundations of the formation of the management system of selling activity of enterprise, to specify elements of this system, and to spot styles of links between the components of the management system of marketing activity of enterprise and also the factors influencing it and its potency, to see composition of indicators of efficiency of marketing management system.
Vision Pro– A Lens Application
Authors: Jaiswal A.A. , Nema Abhinav , Mokalwar Akshay , Paraye Kalyani , Shivarkar Prajwal
Published: February 2022

Object and text detection are very common in day to day life. Real world applications such as Google Lens, Bixby Vision and many other apps are available in our mobile phone. The single app which can Translate, Search and detect text in real time is popular in past years. Our Vision Pro is similar to them and basically an image recognition software which can translate the text, detect handwritten text, search for that text, and search for the objects. This technology uses Camera from the device and built on neural network. The idea of Vision Pro mainly comes from the Google Lens. It uses the Convolution Neural Network along with some major python libraries for translation, Tensorflow or Keras for model training and OpenCV for reading image and processing it. Also Vision API can also be used to make this type of program.
AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONISED FSM BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER
Authors: SREEVARDHAN V. , SANTOSH V. , RAHUL E.
Published: February 2022

Traffic light controller is designed to show the behavior of the traffic lights system and also a kind of good sequential circuit. Xilinx vivado is a tool which is being used to Annalise the heavy traffic by analyzing it through the various tools such as NEXYS-4, ARTIX -7, FPGA Board. The approach can be success by allowing a proper access to the areas shared through the multiple intersections and allocating effective time between various users, on or off the peaking hours. Theoretically the waiting times for drivers during peak hours has been reduced further, therefore this is system is better than the one which is being used at the moment. Further improvements include addition of other function to the designed circuit which suits to the various upcoming traffic conditions at different location. Traffic is the one of the biggest problem in this modern world due to this problem so many people are suffering even ambulances are not getting out of traffic in cities. This is our small initiation to make easy flow and control of traffic.
A GARANTIA DA LIBERDADE INDIVIDUAL E SEUS BENEFÍCIOS ATRAVÉS DO USO DE BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Pauletto Gutierrez Ronier
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho consiste em realizar uma análise sobre o quadro econômico brasileiro, apresentando os benefícios para a sociedade ao fomentar o uso da tecnologia denominada Blockchain. A promoção da liberdade individual da população se encontra diretamente ligada aos avanços digitais que a sociedade moderna se depara diariamente, devendo ser incentivada para que a população brasileira possua um pensamento crítico sobre métodos e utilização de ferramentas, tomando assim a escolha que melhor lhe atenda, devendo ser respeitada perante a democracia existente no país. Além de desburocratizar serviços atualmente ofertados pelo mercado tradicional, também é ofertado pela tecnologia citada uma maior autonomia por parte de seu usuário, podendo o mesmo definir sua forma de utilização. O artigo escrito tem como a utilização de metodologia pesquisa sim, promovendo assim a geração e propagação de conhecimento sobre o assunto.
INFLUENCE OF SUBJECTIVE DETERMINANTS ON PERSONAL FORMATION
Authors: Majitov Mahmud
Published: February 2022

The article provides a structural and functional analysis of the social essence of an individual, the patterns of its formation, the problems of relationships between society and the individual, reveals the features of its development. Social and negative aspects of modern social development, the development of science and technology, the growth of a person’s intellectual potential increase attention to the problem of personality. Complex developments, dramatic changes in the relationship between man, society, and nature, in turn, indicate the need for social research in this regard. It is necessary to study the dialectical relations between postmodern society and the individual, changes in the human personality in Uzbekistan in the context of modern social trends. Today’s postmodern period is a product of human creativity. It determines the socioeconomic, spiritual, and cultural criteria of society. In this regard, the identification and study of specific aspects of objective and subjective determinants that affect the formation of personality become an urgent socio-philosophical problem. We point out two main determinants of personality formation: a) objective conditions (social environment); b) subjective factors (education, national idea, self-education). There are many opinions, assumptions, hypotheses, facts, and arguments that reveal the social and philosophical essence of the formation of an individual. However, not all of them are formed on a scientific platform. We investigated the problem from a scientific and the correct theoretical and methodological point of view. The article examines the formation of an individual’s personality based on the doctrine of the interconnectedness and interdependence of events. The solution to the problem is analyzed by identifying and analyzing the determinants that affect human personality development. In this article, we analyze crucial determinants of subjective factors influencing the formation of personality: education, upbringing, promotion of national ideology, selfeducation, literature, and art.
STUDY OF THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF MAHMUD ZAMAKHSHARY
Authors: Saidjalolov Saidafzal
Published: February 2022

Purpose of the article: to study and analyze the centuries-old studies of the heritage of Mahmoud Zamakhshary. The introductory part provides an overview of researchs into the works of Zamakhshary and their authors. Information is given on Zamahshary’s studies in the East and West. We highlighted the study of the books of the scientist in our country. The Methods section explains the importance of the methods used in writing the article, such as historical analysis, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and provides examples from the legacy of Zamakhshary. The Discussion section consists of three parts. The first part provides information about sources that give us facts about the life and work of Zamakhshary. It focuses on works written in the at-Tabaqat genre. We can find a description of the life and work of the scientist in the Arab historical sources (written in the field of history, linguistics, commentary, and jurisprudence). The second part presents an analysis of specific studies on Mahmoud Zamakhshary and his scientific activities. The third part compares studies devoted to a specific work by Mahmoud Zamakhshary. The conclusion noted the following: Mahmoud Zamakhshary’s legacy, which has long been the focus of historians and experts, still serves as the basis for scientific research in various parts of the world. Mahmoud Zamakhshary is the author of over 90 works. They consist of three parts: 1. Matbu’ - (printed versions). 2. Makhtut - (manuscripts). 3. Mafkud- (lost examples) The main areas are linguistics and Qur’anic studies.
NASIRIDDIN TUSI’S WORK “TAJRID ALKALAM” AND COMMENTARIES ON IT
Authors: Tokhirov Jakhongir
Published: February 2022

Tajrid al-kalam differs from other theological works with its small form. It attracted the attention of many commentators in a short period after Nasiruddin Tusi’s death. The 60-page commentary of Ali Kushchi on the Tajrid, written almost 200 years later (1420), is over 400 pages. The article provides information about manuscripts and published versions of Tajrid and its Sharhs, Hashiyas, Ta’liqats, and their features. We can witness the value of some of the Sharhs and Hashiyas in the manuscript when we refer to it. Information about these versions shows that, to date, four copies of Tajrid have reached us. Two of them have been published. The 45 copies of Sharhs under 15 titles written on it come down to us (39 copies of the commentary by Ali Kushchi). Only five of them have been published in a total of 10 editions. 8 of the 53 Hashiyas were written on Ali Kushchi’s Sharh, and 10 copies of the Hashiyas have been preserved. Only the authors of the other 15 Hashiyas are known, and even the names of the other two Taliqats are unknown. Also, the analysis of both philosophical and doctrinal issues in one work shows that the authors were encyclopedic scholars in both the religious and secular sciences. Indeed, the works of both Tusi and Ali Kushchi in the formal, natural and social sciences were well-known and admired by experts in the field. The scientific spheres of most commentators are similar. One of the most famous of them was Dawwani. He wrote treatises on Fiqh and Kalam together with Philosophy, Logic, Ethics, Mathematics, and Geometry. The historical and geographical coverage of Tajrid alkalam was significant. Many scholars referred to the book in each period of history.
A Relative Study of Average Investment Returns between Manufacturing Sector and Service Sector of CPSEs in India
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Aithal P. S.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: In India, CPSEs were established to achieve socio-economic objectives of the nation. Both manufacturing sector and service sector occupies an important position in the development process of an economy. In this context, a comparative study is performed between manufacturing sector and service sector of Indian CPSEs from 2010-11 to 2019-20.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on resultant data, investment ratios are employed to compute investment returns of the CPSEs. Moreover Fishers ‘t’ test judge the differences (if any) in investment returns between manufacturing sector and service sector. In addition, linear regression equations are employed to inspect the impact of sector-wise investment returns on the aggregate investment returns.
Findings/Result: Based on average investment returns, no noteworthy difference is observed between manufacturing sector and service sector in terms of ROCE and ROE. However, there exists important distinction among the same for ROA which implies that manufacturing sector has better utilization of their total assets in generating returns than that of the service sector. ROCE of the manufacturing sector contributes positively to the overall profitability of the CPSEs, while ROCE of the service sector contributes negatively to the overall profitability of the CPSEs. It further observed that the rate of negative influence by the service sector is more than that of positive influence by the manufacturing sector, thereby reducing the overall profitability of the CPSEs at aggregate level.
Originality/Value: To identify the important sector in the liberal economic environment, the present study compares average investment returns between manufacturing sector and service sector of the CPSEs in India through ROA, ROCE, and ROE.
Paper Type: Empirical Research.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment between Organizational Culture and Job Performance in the Telecommunication Sector
Authors: Jameel Alaa S.
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the impact of organizational culture on job performance and finds the mediating role of organizational commitment among telecommunication employees. The study analyzed 476 valid questionnaires from the employees of three telecommunication companies in Erbil, Iraq. However, the data was analyzed by Smart-PLS. The results indicated that the direct impact of organizational culture on job performance showed a positive and significant impact. Besides, the mediating role of organizational commitment can enhance and increase the impact of organizational culture on job performance among employees in the telecommunication sector. Furthermore, individuals in the workplace will exhibit different behaviors due to the deployment of culture-based strategies for behavior development. Therefore, job performance will increase if individuals and the workplace culture are in sync.
Relation between Customer Interaction and Service Innovation in Brazil Firms Investigating Organization Learning from Customers
Authors: Rasheed Mohsin , Jianhua Liu
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the mediating and indirect effect of customer satisfaction and service innovation, from an organization learning perception a survey is developed in Brazil using a new data set of 190 service firms from Rio Grande do Su, State of Mato Grosso, State of Goias, State of Sao Paulo and State of Bahia. The study used cross-sectional survey design to collect primary data from individual services firms in the states of Brazil. Data was analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Results indicate that partial mediation was supported by adopting Baron and Kenny method and sobel test. The research is the first attempt to examine the customer interaction practice of service firms in an emerging market of Brazil. In addition, the atmosphere of innovation will regulate the positive relationship between customer firm interaction and organizational learning. Secondly by analysing the relationship between organizational learning and innovation performance. Thirdly it is revealed that customer firm interaction can positively promote service innovation performance by influencing the improvement of organizational learning.
Kadınların Menopoz Semptomları ile Baş Etme Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: DİŞLİ Burcu , MECDİ KAYDIRAK Meltem , HOTUN ŞAHİN Nevin
Published: February 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile menopoz dönemindeki kadınların menopoz sorunları ve semptomları ile baş etmek için uyguladığı yöntemlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya, İstanbul’daki bir tıp fakültesi hastanesinin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı polikliniklerine Ocak 2016 –Mart 2016 tarihleri arasında başvuran menopoz döneminde olan 300 kadın dahil edilmiştir. Örnekleme alınan kadınlar basit rastgele yöntem ile seçilmiştir ve Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ile Menopoz Semptomlarıyla Baş Etme Formu kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler yüz yüze görüşülerek toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada kadınların menopoz sonrası hormon tedavisi kullanma oranının düşük olduğu, menopoz dönemi ve semptomları ile ilgili bilgi veya danışmanlık alma oranının %46,3 olduğu ve bu edinilen bilgilerin çoğunlukla menopoza giren arkadaşlardan, basın yayın araçlarından ve sosyal medyadan alındığı belirlenmiştir. Menopoz sorunlarından vazomotor semptomlar, baş ağrısı, sinirlik, gerginlik, eklem ve kas ağrılarına yönelik baş etme yöntemlerinin kadınlar tarafından sıklıkla kullanıldığı saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Menopoz dönemindeki kadınların bu dönem ve bu dönemde meydana gelen semptomlara yönelik bilgi veya danışmanlık alım düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu ve bilgi edinme kaynaklarının bilimsel bir temele dayanmadığı görülmüştür. Sağlık çalışanları tarafından bu konu ile ilgili danışmanlık verilerek kadınların bilinçlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Efektifitas pakan induk nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang diperkaya dengan menggunakan telur bebek, tauge dan wortel
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar
Published: February 2022

Ikan nila merupakan jenis ikan yang mudah dibudidayakan, pertumbuhan cepat, tingkat kelangsungan hidup tinggi, efisiensi pakan tinggi dan mudah  bereproduksi. Ketersediaan nutrisi dalam pakan yang terutama adalah protein sangat mempengaruhi proses pematangan gonad pada ikan. Pada waktu reproduksi, ikan membutuhkan kadar protein yang lebih tinggi untuk perkembangan gonadnya. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Gampong Cot U Sibak Kecamatan Kuala Kabupten Bireuen. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan berat dan panjang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B dan untuk nilai indeks kematangan gonad dan derajat penetasan telur juga terdapat pada perlakuan B sedangkan untuk tingkat kelangsungan hidup terdapat sintasan yang tinggi dari semua perlakuan yaitu berkisar 100%
Karakteristik mikrobiologi Terasi Seruway pada kemasan dan suhu penyimpanan yang berbeda
Authors: Nurazmi Cut Ayu , Humairani Rindhira , Akmal Yusrizal , Muliari Muliari , Zulfahmi Ilham
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mikrobiologi terasi seruwey pada kemasan dan suhu penyimpanan yang berbeda di Desa Pusong Kapal KecamatanSeruwey Kabupaten Aceh Taming.Penelitian dilakukan selama 60 hari dari Februari hingga Maret 2020 di Laboratorium Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Universitas Almuslim Bireuen. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif .Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah koloni dan jenis mikroba.perhitungan dilakukan terhadap cawan petri dengan jumlah koloni bakteri antara 30-300. Perhitungan Total Plate Count dinyatakan sebagai jumlah koloni bakteri hasil perhitungan dikalikan faktor pengencer. Dan selanjutnya dihitung menggunakan rumus TPC (Total Plate Count) dengan 3 kemasan yaitu Alumunium Foil, HDPE dan Vakum dan  4 suhu penyimpanan yaitu 4°C, -8°C, 28°C dan 40°C dengan waktu penyimpanan 10 H, 20H, 30H dan 40H.Parameter mutu yang paling cepat mengalami penurunan selama penyimpanan yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien k mutlak atau nilai koefisien korelasi (R 2 ) paling besar.  Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Untuk nilai R2 tertinggi terdapat pada kemasan Vakum dengan nilai R2: 0,987 dan nilai R2 terendah terdapat pada kemasan HDPE dengan nilai R2: 0,011.
Fundamentos filosóficos de una civilización de la pobreza
Authors: González Antonio
Published: February 2022

Este artículo intenta fundamentar, en el nivel de la praxis, la dificultad filosófica de la ética del discurso, desde la perspectiva de la pobreza, y la ética de la liberación que expone los derecho de los excluidos y empobrecidos en la comunidad real de comunicación. Asimismo plantea la interrelación entre ambas y la necesidad de crear lo que el padre Ellacuría llamaba "civilización de la pobreza", para alcanzar una plano existencial más justo.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 417-426.
Mayo
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 583, 1997: 455-462.
Lecciones del escándalo financiero
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No.585-586, 1997: 657-670.
The therapeutic efficacy of spinal adjustive procedures in the management of asthma
Authors:   , Gobrin Gilon
Published: February 2022

Asthma, one of the most frustrating medical conditions known to man, has been a thorn in the side of physicians world wide. A condition that seems to consist of all exceptions and no rules has resulted in endless debates regarding the correct treatment protocol for its management, which at present only seem to subdue the patient's symptomatology rather than eliminate them. The ever increasing number of asthmatic sufferers and the increasing number of deaths related to asthma are both reflections of the inadequacy of present treatment protocols and therefore demonstrate the need for their revision. It is thus the aim of this study to ascertain the therapeutic efficacy of spinal adjustive procedures a n the management of asthma. Patients were obtained for this study by consecutive sampling, whereby any patients presenting to the Chiropractic Clinic at Technikon Natal, as a response to the newspaper adverts and pamphlets placed ln the greater Durban area, were considered for the study. Of these patients, only those who conformed to the specified delimitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted. The study was divided into 3 distinct periods. The first, called the baseline study, required the entire sample of 30 patients to undergo subjective and objective tests, whilst receiving no chiropractic treatment, in order to establish the patients' astrunatic condition. The second period, called the initial treatment period, required the entire sample to undergo further subjective and objective testing while receiving chiropractic treatment, which comprised soft tissue therapy and adjustments of fixations in the CO-C2 and T2-T7 areas.
The reliability and validity of the composite orthopaedic rating scale as a measurement of clinical severity in the investigation of mechanical low back pain
Authors:   , Riggien Lance
Published: February 2022

The aim of this investigation was to develop inter-examiner reliability as well as construct and concurrent validity of the Composite Orthopedic Ratin g Scale (CO RS) so that it may be used as an applicable measurement instrument for use in clinical trials relating to mechanical low back pain. This prospective, single - blinded construct and concurrent validity and inter-examiner reliability study consisted of 122 participants, all suffering from mechanical low back pain, specifically lumbar facet or sacro-iliac syndrome. The participants were only required for 1 visit where they were assessed and diagnosed using standardized diagnostic criteria. Thereafter, both the researcher and a blinded, independent examiner applied the tests contained in the Composite orthopedic Rating ScaLe (CO RS) to the participants. Subjective data was obtained using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale- 101. Objective data was obtained from the results of the appIication of the provocative Orthopedic test in the CORS
The relative effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy compared to interferential current therapy, in the treatment of mechanical thoracic back pain
Authors:   , Tsolakis Natalie
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thoracic spine manipulation in comparison to interferential current therapy in order to determine the relative effectiveness of each treatment protocol in the management of mechanical thoracic back pain. The design was that of a single blind, randomized, comparative pilot study. Sixty patients were selected from the general population, of which 30 patients made up group one and the other 30 patients made up group two. After an extensive case history and physical examination the patients were diagnosed with mechanical thoracic spinal pain and then randomly divided into the two groups. The first group received spinal manipulative therapy and the second group received interferential current therapy. All sixty patients received a minimum of three or up to a maximum of six treatments. The treatments were given two to three times a week. Objective and subjective data was collected before the first, second and final treatment in order to assess the effectiveness of each treatment protocol. The objective data consisted of thoracic range of motion using the BROM II goniometer and pain threshold using an algometer. The subjective data was collected using the Short-form Pain Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale -101 and the Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index Questionnaire. The data gathered at the relevant appointments was then statistically analyzed, using a 95% (a = 0.05) confidence level. Inter-group analysis was performed using the Unpaired T- test and the Mann- Whitney U - test for the continuous and categorical variables respectively. The Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index Questionnaire showed a statistical difference at the final visit when compared between the two groups.
The effect of homoeopathic potencies of abscisic acid on the production of a-amylase in barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare) in the presence of gibberellic acid
Authors:   , Couchman Ingrid Marcelline Stephanie
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the effect of different homoeopathic potencies of abscisic acid (ABA) in the presence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the production of a.-amylase in the de-embryonated endosperm half-seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in order to investigate whether these potencies were able to produce a biological effect. The aleurone layer of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain secretes hydrolases that mobilise endosperm reserves during germination. The synthesis and secretion of these hydrolases (principally a.-amylase) is under hormonal regulation. Gibberellic acid (GA) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of a.-amylase and abscisic acid (ABA) reverses this effect. It is for this reason that barley aleurone has been used extensively as a model system for the study of signal transduction in response to GA and ABA (Ritchie, McCubbin, Ambrose, Kao and Gilroy, 1999). For this research five different homoeopathic potencies were used namely - the 4CH, 9CH, 15CH, 30CH and the 200CH. Two methods were used in this experiment namely - spectrophotometry and radial diffusion. For each method three replications were used. Each replication consisted of: five groups of 20 half-seeds treated with the various potencies (the 4CH, 9CH, 15CH, 30CH and the 200CH) of ABA, with a dilution at GA3 at 1x 10.g;five groups of 20 half-seeds treated with the of GA3 at 1X 10.9 (the control) and five groups of 20 half-seeds treated with only the incubation buffer (calcium nitrate). An a.-amylase curve was constructed for both methods using pure a.-amylase at 1350 enzyme units /mg