bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investors Meet Dynamic Strategy
Authors: Morck Randall , Yeung Bernard , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2022

Professor Ghemawat argues that commitment is key to gaining a competitive advantage, but can leave a firm vulnerable to rapid and disruptive changes. He and other leading strategy scholars explore the intricacies of developing and sustaining a dynamic competitive advantage. Yet, economists argues that most firms eventually fail to maintain competitiveness. Functionally efficient financial markets, by capitalizing innovative entrants and culling uncompetitive firms, sustain economy-level prosperity. Ghemawat (1991) highlights this tension: firm-level competitiveness can give investors high returns for years, while returns regress towards the mean. Applying this insight to well-documented historical episodes of rapid innovation in various industries, we show that leading U.S. firms in 1920s acquired durable competitive advantages, as did many in the 1960s, but that later entrants often felled early leaders in the 1990s IT boom, consistent with intensified creative destruction. Still, even these shorter-term winners paid well above average cumulative returns. Strategy research that could predict the durability of leading firms’ competitive advantages through an era of rapid innovation would have tremendous value to practitioners in finance.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A NEUROFILOSOFIA DE PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
Authors: Delaíde da Silva Thiago
Published: June 2022

Este artigo pretende fazer uma breve exposição da Neurofilosofia de Patricia Churchland e do impacto da neurociência sobre a filosofia, examinando se tal proposta é viável e suas implicações para o futuro da filosofia. O texto começa dando uma breve explanação acerca do conceito de neurofilosofia distinguindo da filosofia da neurociência. Segue-se uma breve exposição do materialismo eliminativista em filosofia da mente defendido por Patricia e Paul Churchland antes de adentrar propriamente no terreno da neurofilosofia. Na seção seguinte, é apresentado em linhas gerais o projeto neurofilosófico de Patricia Churchland, dando atenção especialmente a sua proposta de uma teoria unificada da mente-cérebro (unified theory of the mind-brain). Por fim, levanto algumas questões filosóficas que podem ser um desafio para o projeto da Neurofilosofia de Churchland, indagando acerca de suas implicações para sobre o modo como fazemos filosofia hoje e o quanto as fronteiras entre o fazer filosófico e o fazer científico tendem a se sobrepor dentro da metodologia neurofilosófica.
UMA ANÁLISE DOS ARGUMENTOS DE ALGUNS CRÍTICOS DO NATURALISMO BIOLÓGICO
Authors: Noara Andre , Brzozowski Jerzy
Published: June 2022

A teoria do naturalismo biológico, desenvolvida pelo filósofo americano John Rogers Searle (1932), foi e continua sendo alvo de muitas críticas. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo será desenvolver uma análise dos argumentos de alguns dos críticos da teoria searleana, com vista a observar se tais críticas são corretamente fundamentadas ou resultam de uma interpretação equivocada da teoria ou, ainda, do desconhecimento da mesma em sua totalidade. Para tanto, o presente estudo seguirá o seguinte caminho investigativo: primeiramente serão analisadas as críticas de Paul M. Churchland (1942), presentes na obra On The Contrary: Critical Essays 1987-1997 (1998). Em um segundo momento, serão analisadas as críticas de Thomas Nagel (1937), presentes em sua obra Other Minds (1995). Por fim, serão investigadas as críticas de Tárik de Athayde Prata, em seus artigos É Incoerente a Concepção de Searle Sobre a Consciência? (2011) e O Caráter Dualista da Filosofia da Mente de John Searle (2014).
O ASPECTO COMUNICATIVO DA PERCEPÇÃO-AÇÃO ECOLÓGICA
Authors: Balthazar Ramos Ferreira Sabrina
Published: June 2022

Abordagens sistêmicas têm esboçado a tônica das pesquisas sobre dinâmicas sociais, sobretudo quanto à ênfase no aspecto relacional constitutivo das sociedades. No que tange à Filosofia da mente, estudos sobre estados/processos mentais e seu papel na relação sujeito-mundo são priorizados, contribuindo para revelar novas camadas de inteligibilidade da realidade social. Nesse ínterim, este artigo visa contribuir para o entendimento das dinâmicas sociais, principalmente sobre o papel da percepção em sua constituição. Para tanto, o eixo deste trabalho será pautado no seguinte problema: dinâmicas de percepção-ação ecológicas podem desempenhar um papel de elo comunicativo nas dinâmicas sociais? Para analisar a referida questão serão apresentados, primeiramente, os principais pressupostos da abordagem ecológica da percepção. Em seguida, serão apresentados pressupostos dos sistemas complexos, segundo os quais fundamentarão a concepção sistêmica de sociedade adotada, bem como os fundamentos da constituição dos sistemas sociais. Em consonância com tal concepção, uma breve exposição sobre a Sistêmica Qualitativa da Comunicação será feita, com destaque para o caráter sistêmico das relações sociais. Por fim, serão apresentados possíveis pontos congruentes entre a abordagem ecológica da percepção e a abordagem Sistêmica Qualitativa da comunicação, buscando averiguar a possibilidade de dinâmicas de percepção-ação ecológicas atuarem enquanto elementos comunicativos nas dinâmicas sociais.
DOSSIÊ FILOSOFIA DA MENTE - APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: De Orione Arraes Fagundes Juliana , Duron Lattanzi Vanessa , Cândido da Silva Josué
Published: June 2022

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A AMPLA NOÇÃO DE LINGUAGEM DE CHARLES S. PEIRCE: COMPARTILHAMENTO DE HÁBITOS
Authors: Augusto Ferraz Alexandre
Published: June 2022

Resumo: O método científico de investigação de Peirce, conjugado com seu antropomorfismo, o conduziu à elaboração de uma noção tão ampla de linguagem que estende em muito o universo estritamente humano relacionado à língua verbal. O antropomorfismo como método ajudou Peirce a elaborar uma semiótica que busca compreender a lógica que está subjacente à produção de significado nos mais distintos sistemas, compreendendo desde o reino humano, passando pelo reino biológico animal e vegetal, alcançando até mesmo o reino físico. Talvez o conceito peirceano que esteja na intersecção da compreensão desses diversos sistemas de significação seja o conceito de hábito, não só pelo fato de que a aquisição de hábitos pode ser verificada em todos os sistemas do universo, mas também pelo fato de que o hábito parece ser o elo desses sistemas entre si. Dessa maneira, a lei de aquisição de hábitos, segundo Peirce, é a efetiva lei do universo, formando uma grande estrutura complexa inteligível por meio de processos informacionais, o cosmos. O presente artigo busca explicitar como esse processo de aquisição de significado se dá, desde o universo humano, até o universo da física. Com isso, explicitamos como a noção de linguagem de Peirce (lógica-semiótica, relativa à produção de significado e de conhecimento) atingiu seus extremos.  

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Peirce; Linguagem; Hábito; Conhecimento; Significado.  

ABSTRACT: Peirce’s scientific method of investigation associated with his anthropomorphism has conducted him to the elaboration of a broader notion of language which in turn extends the human universe related to verbal language. The anthropomorphism as method helped Peirce in the elaboration of a semiotic which seek for understanding the underlying logic in the production of meaning in several systems, since human and biological realms until reaching even the physical one. The concept of habit seems to be in the very intersection of the understanding of these systems, inasmuch as habit acquisition process can be verified in all of them, including the possible relationships between these domains of reality. According to Peirce, the law of habit acquisition is the law of the universe, constituting a large intelligible and complex structure by means of informational processes, the cosmos. This paper intends to make explicit this process of acquisition of meaning (habits), taking briefly into account human mind and behavior (process of inquiry), animal communication (E. coli bacteria) and physical processes (atomic structure). Thus, we make explicit how Peirce’s notion of language (logical-semiotic, related to meaning and knowledge) has reached a large extend.

KEYWORDS: Peirce; Language; Habit; Knowledge; Meaning.
NARRATOLOGIA COGNITIVA: UMA INTRODUÇÃO
Authors: Dolabela Chagas Pedro Ramos , De Andrade Moreira Anny Clarissa , Ferreira Almada Leonardo
Published: June 2022

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta ao leitor brasileiro a narratologia cognitiva, de recente desenvolvimento nos estudos literários. Discute-se sua articulação à filosofia da mente, à teoria da evolução cultural humana, à neurociência e à psicologia cognitiva, com seus desdobramentos para a compreensão da narrativa e da ficção como práticas culturais humanas, e dos seus efeitos sobre a mente do leitor. Para tanto, são resgatados os movimentos fundadores do novo paradigma e as proposições de alguns dos seus autores centrais.  

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Narratologia, Cognição, Evolução cultural humana, teoria da ficção.  

ABSTRACT: This article introduces the Brazilian reader to the field of cognitive narratology, recently developed in the literary studies. It discusses its articulation with philosophy of mind, the theory of human cultural evolution, neuroscience and cognitive psychology, with its consequences for our understanding of narrative and fiction as human cultural practices, and of their effects on the reader’s mind. We therefore present the founding movements of the new paradigm, together with propositions from some of its leading authors.

KEYWORDS: Narratology, Cognition, Human cultural evolution, Theory of fiction.
Polistes versicolor (Olivier, 1791) nesting in deciduous forest, Northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Vespidae, Polistinae)
Authors: Aparecida Moura Paola , De Castro Jacques Gabriel , Silva Teofilo-Guedes Gabriel , Magalhães de Souza Marcos
Published: June 2022

Social wasps use different substrates for nesting, such as plants, rocks, and human buildings, and may adopt different strategies to protect their colony and brood. Here, we report the nesting behavior of Polistes versicolor in the deciduous forest, Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The occurrences were recorded during fieldwork from February to December 2021. We found 30 colonies in eight plant species. The statistics demonstrate a preference of this social wasp for the plant Cereus jamacaru Cactaceae, which is used for nestings over a large area. Also, we report the first known record of P. versicolor colonies on the Acacia plumosa, Commiphora leptophloeos, Quiabentia zehntneri, and Ziziphus joazeiro, all of them with thorns. From the preference of P. versicolor for plants with thorns, we conclude this study to reinforce the role of these vegetal structures in protecting the colonies.
The Longing for History in Joseph Conrad s Novel Nostromo
Authors: KORBUT SALMAN Volha
Published: June 2022

Joseph Conrad, Nostromo (1904) adlı romanını, 19. yüzyılın silikleştiği ve ardından gelen yirminci yüzyılın belirginleştiği dönemdeki çatışmaya tanıklık eden, önemli bir anda yazmıştır. Bu dönem esasen, Altın Çağ'ın mantıksal mükemmelliğine geri dönüşün olanaksız olduğunun görünür olduğu bir noktayı kapsıyordu ve dünya modernitenin anlamsız kaosuna doğru ilerlemeye başlamıştı. Bu makale, tarihe geleneksel yaklaşımının egemenliğinden, yirminci yüzyılın modernitesinin belirsiz gerçekliğine doğru gidişatı işaret eden Joseph Conrad'ın Nostromo adlı romanının önemini, onun, gelecek hikayelerin absürt değişkenliğine karşı, geçmişin anlamlı, katı, destansı türden olaylara ısrarcı özlemini ifade ettiği iddiasıyla tartışmaktadır. Yine de, bu hasret, herhangi bir umut izinden yoksundur. Bu nedenle, Conrad'ın kesinliğin ve anlamlı tarihin imkânsızlığına ilişkin kehanetinin altını çizmektedir.
Karma Ekonomi Sistemi Bağlamında Milli Birlik Komitesi nin Ekonomi Politikalarının Değerlendirilmesi (27 Mayıs 1960 – 27 Ekim 1961)
Authors: ÖĞRETEN Ceyhun
Published: June 2022

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kuruluşundan itibaren özel girişim odaklı bir kalkınma politikası benimsemiştir. 1929 Bunalımından etkilenen Türkiye, özel girişim odaklı kalkınma politikasının yerine devletin ekonomiye yoğun müdahalede bulunduğu devletçilik modelini benimsemiştir. Ancak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Türkiye’de siyasi ve ekonomik değişimler başlamıştır. Siyasi olarak çok partili sisteme geçilmiştir. 1950 yılında iktidara gelen Demokrat Parti (DP), 1950-1960 döneminde kapitalist-liberal bir ekonomik model tercih etmiştir. Fakat DP döneminde alınan ekonomik kararlar Türkiye’nin bütçe dengesini bozmuştur. Siyasi olarak DP’nin Tahkikat Komisyonları gibi anti-demokratik uygulamaları ordu ve üniversite içinde ciddi tepkilere neden olmuştur. 27 Mayıs 1960 tarihinde Milli Birlik Komitesi (MBK) yönetime el koy¬muştur. MBK, Atatürk döneminden beri Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ekonomi sisteminin temelini oluşturan karma ekonomi modelini uygulamak istemiştir. Ancak Atatürk döneminden farkı MBK’nin tıpkı DP gibi dış yardımdan faydalanma isteğidir. Milli Birlik Komitesi bu amaç doğrultusunda Devlet Planlama Teşkilatını kurmuş, yatırımlar için ise dış kaynak arayışına gitmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Milli Birlik Komitesi’nin yönetimi tekrar sivillere devrettiği 1961 yılının Kasım ayına kadarki süreçte karma ekonomi sistemine dönüş için alınan ekonomik kararları ve sonuçlarını incelemektir.
Academic Studies Based on the EFQM Model in the Tourism Sector: A Systematic Review
Authors: SAKARYA M. Cem , ÇİZEL Beykan
Published: June 2022

Toplam Kalite Yönetimi uygulamaları diğer sektörlerde olduğu gibi turizm sektörü içinde ilgi çekicidir. Dünya da ki az sayıda özgün Toplam Kalite Yönetim modellerinden birisi olan Avrupa Kalite Yönetim Vakfının oluşturduğu EFQM Modelinin ilk versiyonu 1990 yılında, güncel gelişmeler doğrultusunda hazırlanan son versiyonu ise 2020 yılında kullanıma sunulmuştur. Kullanıma alındığı tarihten itibaren EFQM Yönetim Modeli Avrupa da 30.000’in üzerinde kuruluşta uygulanmış, uygulamacılar ve araştırmacılar tarafından ilgi duyulmuş popüler bir yönetim aracı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Turizm Sektöründe EFQM Modeline dayalı yapılan akademik çalışmalar sistematik derleme yoluyla incelenmiş, yıl, ülke, tema, atıf, yayınlandıkları dergi, araştırma amacı, yöntemi, sonuçlar ve bulgular bölümleri incelenerek turizm sektörü ve EFQM bağlamı ele alınmış, raporlanmıştır. Bulgular turizm işletmelerinin kurumsallaşma ihtiyaçları, yeni küresel trendlere, zorlayıcı çevresel şartlara uyum yeteneğinin gelişmesi, rekabetçi kondisyonlarının korunması-geliştirilmesinde EFQM Yönetim Modelinin güçlü bir uygulama ve araştırma konusu olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sillyon Antik Kenti Su Sistemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TAŞKIRAN Murat , BACANLI Ülker Güner
Published: June 2022

Pamphylia Bölgesi’nin önemli yerleşimlerinden olan ve kentsel gelişimi topografyaya göre yön bulan Sillyon antik kentinin “Su Sistemi” bu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Yaşamın ana unsuru olan su, en temel ihtiyaç maddesi olması bakımından, diğer doğal kaynaklardan farklı olarak, ekonomik değerinin dışında, geçmişte ve günümüzde sosyal ve politik amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılmıştır. Bu düşünceden hareketle, sunulan çalışma kapsamında Arkeoloji ve Hidroloji Mühendisliği disiplinleri çerçevesinde Sillyon antik kentinin su kaynakları ve su yapıları disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşımla araştırılmıştır. Kentte bulunan su yapıları tüm detaylarıyla çalışılmış ve yaklaşık kapasiteleri hesaplanmıştır. Kentin yağış, sıcaklık, nem verileri incelenmiş; havzanın taşkın durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu verilerden yararlanarak Sillyon’un urbanistik yapısı ve kent nüfusu hakkında çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur. Sillyon’da tüm dönemlerde geleneksel hale gelen şehirciliğinde, su yapılarının da süregelen kent geleneği çerçevesinde kullanıldığı; su sisteminin temelinde arazinin morfolojik yapısına uyulduğu ve düzenli bir planlama yerine daha çok fonksiyonel bir sistemin tercih edildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Sillyon’da diğer kentlerde pek rastlanılmayan bir uygulama da ön plana çıkmaktadır. Şöyle ki, kentin su ihtiyacının büyük bir kısmı belli kot seviyesinde akan su kaynaklarından sağlanmaktadır. Bu kaynakların Roma Hamamı, Nymphaeum A, Aquaedukt ve Osmanlı Çeşmesi gibi önemli tesislerin konumunu ve hacmini belirlediği anlaşılmaktadır.
Die Metaphorik der Jahreszeiten in Die Leiden des jungen Werther von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Authors: TEKİN Habib
Published: June 2022

Werther’in mektuplarında küçümsenemeyecek bir öneme sahip olan mevsim ve doğa betimlemeleri eserin içeriği ile güçlü bir bağ içinde birçok bölümde yer alır ve yapıtla bütünleşir. Bu betimlemeler, “Werther” romanındaki mektupların tarihine göre sıralanabilmesini sağlamaktadır. Werther’in, mevsim-le¬rin doğal ögelerini ayrıntılı biçimde yansıttığı “Naturbriefen”lerinde [Doğa Mektupları] en dikkat çeken konulardan biri, 1771 ve 1772 yıllarındaki belirleyici yaşam evrelerinin, intihar ettiği kış mevsimi ile açıkça yakınlık içinde olmasıdır. Bununla birlikte, anlatının başlangıcıyla yılın ilk döngüsü örtüşürken, anlatının sonu da yılın ikinci döngüsüne rastlar. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızın amacı, hikâyenin içinde bahsi geçen benzerliklerle birlikte Werther’in (ve onunla birlikte insanoğlunun) farklı yaşam evrelerini gözlemlemek ve iki farklı yıl döngüsünün mevsimlerle olan benzerliklerini yakından çözümlemek olaca-ktır. Bu noktada doğanın bir imge olarak ayları ve mevsimleriyle; dünyanın düzeni ve hayatın evrelerini temsilen mevsimler metaforu, araç olarak kullanılacaktır. Böylece söz konusu metafor, insan yaşamının evrelerini dört mevsimle ilişkilendirmekten ve buna bağlı doğal öge ve olayları aktarmaktan oluşacaktır.
Osmanlı Devleti nde Alliance İsraelite nin Eğitim Olgusu: Yafa Alman Musevi Ziraat Mektebi Örneği
Authors: TOGRAL Özge
Published: June 2022

19. yüzyılda politik güç eğiliminde bulunan Avrupalıların, siyasi arenada rekabet sahası haline gelen Filistin’e yatırımları artmıştır. Vakıflar, okullar, hastaneler ve buna benzer kurumlar açarak bölgede nüfuzunu artırmaya çalışmıştır. İngiltere ve Fransa gibi Avrupalı devletlerin bölgedeki eğitim faaliyetleri yerleşimci hareketin boyutunu göstermektedir. 1860’lı yıllardan itibaren Almanlar da etkin olmaya başlamıştır. Bilhassa, Alman Yahudi nüfusun bölgeye yerleşimine paralel olarak Alliance İsraelite’ye bağlı okullar açılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada Alman Yahudi nüfusunun bölgeye yerleşiminin tarihi arka planına değinilerek Alliance İsraelite’nin özelliklerine yer verilmiştir. Bu kapsamda tarım bölgesi olan Yafa’da Alliance İsraelite’nin ziraat okulu açmasının nedeni başta olmak üzere okulun nitelikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca 19. yüzyıl siyasi ortamında Yafa Alman Musevi Ziraat Mektebi’nin faaliyetleri kapsamında Osmanlı Devleti’nin azınlık okullarının denetim ve teftişi üzerinde durulmuştur. Osmanlı Arşiv belgeleri başta olmak üzere çeşitli araştırma ve inceleme eserler göz önünde bulundurularak Yafa Alman Musevi Ziraat Mektebi özelinde Alliance İsraelite’nin eğitim olgusu değerlendirilmiştir.
Towards efficient structure prediction and pre-compensation in multi-photon lithography
Authors: Lang Nicolas , Enns Sven , Hering Julian , von Freymann Georg
Published: June 2022

Microscale 3D printing technologies have been of increasing interest in industry and research for several years. Unfortunately, the fabricated structures always deviate from the respective expectations, often caused by the physico-chemical properties during and after the printing process. Here, we show first steps towards a simple, fast and easy to implement algorithm to predict the final structure topography for multi-photon lithography – also known as Direct Laser Writing (DLW). The three main steps of DLW, (i) exposure of a photo resin, (ii) cross-linking of the resin, and (iii) subsequent shrinkage are approximated by mathematical operations, showing promising results in coincidence with experimental observations. For example, the root-mean-square error (rmse) between the unmodified 3D print of a radial-symmetrically chirped topography and our predicted topography is only 0.46 µm, whereas the rmse between this 3D print and its target is 1.49 µm. Thus, our robust predictions can be used prior to the printing process to minimize undesired deviations between the target structure and the final 3D printed structure. Using a Downhill-Simplex algorithm for identifying the optimal prediction parameters, we were able to reduce the rmse from 4.04 µm to 0.33 µm by only two correction loops in our best-case scenario (rmse = 0.72 µm after one loop). Consequently, this approach can eliminate the need for many structural optimization loops to produce highly conformal and high quality micro structures in the future.
Mobile tablets for real-time data collection for hospital-based birth defects surveillance in Kampala, Uganda: Lessons learned
Authors: Kalibbala Dennis , Kakande Ayoub , Serunjogi Robert , Williamson Dhelia , Mumpe-Mwanja Daniel , Namale-Matovu Joyce , Valencia Diana , Nalwoga Beatrice , Namirembe Christine , Seyionga Joan , Nanfuka Margaret , Nakimuli Sophia , Achom Margaret Okwero , Mwambi Kenneth , Musoke Philippa , Barlow-Mosha Linda
Published: June 2022

Sustainable birth defects surveillance systems provide countries with estimates of the prevalence of birth defects to guide prevention, care activities, and evaluate interventions. We used free and open-source software (Open Data Kit) to implement an electronic system to collect data for a hospital-based birth defects surveillance system at four major hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. We describe the establishment, successes, challenges, and lessons learned from using mobile tablets to capture data and photographs. After intensive training, surveillance midwives collected data using Android tablets with inbuilt logic checks; another surveillance midwife checked the quality of the data in real-time before data were securely uploaded onto a local server. Paper forms were used when needed as a backup for the electronic system. We experienced several challenges implementing the surveillance system, including forgotten passwords, unstable network, reduced tablet speed and freezing, loss of touch-screen sensitivity, decreased battery strength, and repetitive extensive retraining. We addressed these challenges by backing up and removing all photos from the tablet, uninstalling irrelevant applications to the study to increase storage space and speed, and monitoring and updating the system based mainly on feedback from the midwives. From August 2015 to December 2018, surveillance midwives documented information on 110,752 births at the participating hospitals. Of these, 110,573 (99.8%) were directly entered into the electronic data system and 179 (0.2%) were captured on paper forms. The use of mobile tablets for real-time data collection was successful in a hospital-based birth defects surveillance system in a resource-limited setting. Extensive training and follow-up can overcome challenges and are key to preparing staff for a successful data collection system.
Neutralizing antibodies levels are increased in individuals with heterologous vaccination and hybrid immunity with Ad5-nCoV in the north of Mexico
Authors: Cervantes-Luevano Karla , Espino-Vazquez Astrid N. , Flores-Acosta Gonzalo , Bernaldez-Sarabia Johanna , Cabanillas-Bernal Olivia , Gasperin-Bulbarela Jahaziel , Gonzalez-Sanchez Ricardo , Comas-Garcia Andreu , Licea-Navarro Alexei F.
Published: June 2022

The coordinated efforts to stop the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) include massive immunization of the population at a global scale. The humoral immunity against COVID-19 is conferred by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that occur during the post-infection period and upon vaccination. Here, we provide robust data showing that potent neutralizing antibodies are induced in convalescent patients of SARS-CoV-2 infection who have been immunized with different types of vaccines, and patients with no previous history of COVID-19 immunized with a mixed vaccination schedule regardless of the previous infection. More importantly, we showed that a heterologous prime-boost in individuals with Ad5-nCoV (Cansino) vaccine induces higher NAbs levels in comparison to a single vaccination scheme alone.
The influence of blood donation before pregnancy on neonatal birth weight
Authors: Lu Genjie , Zhu Zhe , Lu Yangfang , Shen Jun , Yu Qilin , Gao Li , Chen Wei
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effect of blood donation before pregnancy on neonatal birth weight.

Methods

A total of 14996 women with singleton pregnancies at full-term in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital and Ningbo Women’s and Children’s Hospital from November 2019 to November 2020 were enrolled in this study. Detailed records of whole blood donation before pregnancy were obtained through Alipay software. The records were classified into three groups: nondonors, low-frequency donors and high-frequency donors according to the total numbers of blood donations in the 3-year period before pregnancy. The demographics and clinical information of the enrolled participants and their fetuses were collected from electronic medical records (EMRs). The effect of blood donations in the 3-year period before pregnancy on neonatal birth weight was analyzed.

Results

There was no significant difference in neonatal birth weight among the three groups (P = 0.373). In line with this, there was no association between the number of blood donations in the 3-year period before pregnancy and neonatal birth weight (β = 14.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.9, 31.4; P = 0.094) in the bootstrapped multivariate linear regression analysis models, adjusted for maternal age, number of pregnancies, number of deliveries, gestational age, mode of delivery, years of education and blood type in pregnant women. Compared to the nondonors, the risk of fetal macrosomia was higher in both low-frequency donors and all donors (OR: 1.539, 95% CI: 1.058, 2.134, P = 0.016; OR: 1.454, 95% CI: 1.033, 1.952, P = 0.021, respectively), in the bootstrapped binary logistic regression analysis models after adjusting for the variables mentioned above.

Conclusion

Our study showed that maternal blood donation in the 3-year period before pregnancy may not lead to a reduction in neonatal birth weight, but may be associated with the incidence of fetal macrosomia.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of pathogenic variants associated with monogenic disorders reconstructed with ancient DNA
Authors: Toncheva Draga , Marinova Maria , Borovska Plamenka , Serbezov Dimitar
Published: June 2022

Genetic disease burden in ancient communities has barely been evaluated despite an ever expanding body of ancient genomes becoming available. In this study, we inspect 2729 publicly available ancient genomes (100 BP—52000 BP) for the presence of pathogenic variants in 32643 disease-associated loci. We base our subsequent analyses on 19 variants in seven genes—PAH, EDAR, F11, HBB, LRRK2, SLC12A6 and MAOA, associated with monogenic diseases and with well-established pathogenic impact in contemporary populations. We determine 230 homozygote genotypes of these variants in the screened 2729 ancient DNA samples. Eleven of these are in the PAH gene (126 ancient samples in total), a gene associated with the condition phenylketonuria in modern populations. The variants examined seem to show varying dynamics over the last 10000 years, some exhibiting a single upsurge in frequency and subsequently disappearing, while others maintain high frequency levels (compared to contemporary population frequencies) over long time periods. The geographic distribution and age of the ancient DNA samples with established pathogenic variants suggests multiple independent origin of these variants. Comparison of estimates of the geographic prevalence of these variants from ancient and contemporary data show discontinuity in their prevalence and supports their recurrent emergence. The oldest samples in which a variant is established might give an indication of their age and place origin, and an EDAR gene pathogenic variant was established in a sample estimated to be 33210–32480 calBCE. Knowledge about the historical prevalence of variants causing monogenic disorders provides insight on their emergence, dynamics and spread.
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and other inflammatory mediators in malaria by Plasmodium vivax during enteroparasites coinfection
Authors: de Jesus Myrela Conceição Santos , Barbosa José Hugo Romão , Menezes Rubens Alex de Oliveira , Gomes Margarete do Socorro Mendonça , Bomfim Lays Gisele Santos , Pimenta Tamirys Simão , Baptista Andrea Regina de Souza , Machado Ricardo Luiz Dantas , de Moura Tatiana Rodrigues , Storti-Melo Luciane Moreno
Published: June 2022

Malaria is a major health issue with more than 200 million cases occurring annually. Moreover, in Malaria endemic area are frequently observed Malaria-enteroparasite co-infections associated with the modulation of inflammatory response. In this aspect, biomarkers play an important role in the disease prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory mediators in malaria during coinfection with enteroparasites. A subset of serum samples already collected was analyzed and divided into four groups: Malaria (n = 34), Co-infected (n = 116), Enteroparasite (n = 120) and Control (n = 95). The serum levels of sTREM-1 and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were previously carried out by flow cytometry. Higher serum levels of sTREM-1 and IL-6 were showed in malaria patients compared to healthy controls. In co-infected malarial patients sTREM-1 serum levels were similar to control group. Interestingly, co-infected malaria patients showed IL-6 serum levels decreased compared to individuals only infected with P. vivax. However, in Malaria patients and co-infected there was a positive correlation between the IL-6 and IL-10 levels (P < 0.0001). This is the first report of sTREM-1 levels in P. vivax infected. Moreover, the results revealing a divergent effect of co-infection with the increased balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced IL-6 levels but increases the anemia occurrence. The results also highlight the potential use of IL-6 as a biomarker for P. vivax and enteroparasites coinfection.
Bicarbonate concentration as a predictor of prognosis in moderately severe COVID-19 patients: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Sada Ken-ei , Yamamoto Ryohei , Yano Akihiko , Miyauchi Atsushi , Kawamura Masafumi , Ito Hideki
Published: June 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients reportedly have high bicarbonate concentration. However, its relationship to the disease progression are obscure.

Methods

In this two-center retrospective study, we included COVID-19 patients with moderate severity between March 2020 and May 2021. We classified patients into three groups according to bicarbonate concentrations: high (>27 mEq/L), normal (21 to 27 mEq/L), and low (<21 mEq/L). The primary outcome was the time to clinical worsening defined by the requirement of intubation or death during 90 days. We evaluated high or low bicarbonate concentration during the clinical course related to the primary outcome using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Of the 60 participants (median age 72 years), 60% were men. Participants were classified into high (13 patients), normal (30 patients), and low (17 patients) groups. Clinical worsening occurred in 54% of patients in the high group, 23% in the normal group, and 65% in the low group. Both high and low groups were associated with a higher clinical worsening rate: HR, 3.02 (95% CI, 1.05 to 8.63) in the high group; 3.49 (95% CI: 1.33 to 9.12) in the low group.

Conclusion

Monitoring of bicarbonate concentrations may be useful to predict the prognosis.
Emergency department visits among people with predementia highly predicts conversion to dementia
Authors: Chung Chia-Min , Chan Po-Chi , Wei Cheng-Yu , Hung Guang-Uei , Tzeng Ray-Chang , Chiu Pai-Yi
Published: June 2022

Emergency department visits (EDV) are common among older adults with and without dementia. The risk factors and demands of EDVs for people with dementia have been well studied; however, the association between EDVs and conversion to dementia among people with predementia has not been thoroughly explored. To study the predictive value of EDVs in predementia’s progression to dementia. The baseline predementia cohort registered from September 2015 to August 2017, with longitudinal follow-up in the History-based Artificial Intelligent Clinical Dementia Diagnostic System database, was retrospectively analyzed. The rates of conversion among the different EDVs were compared. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analyses were applied to study the influence of EDVs on progression. Age, education, sex, neuropsychological tests, activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms, parkinsonism, and multiple vascular risk factors were adjusted for. A total of 512 participants were analyzed, including 339 (66.2%) non-converters and 173 (33.8%) converters with a mean follow-up of 3.3 (range 0.4–6.1) and 2.8 (range 0.5–5.9) years, respectively. Compared to people without EDV (EDV 0), the hazard ratios for conversion to dementia were 3.6, 5.9, and 6.9 in those with EDV once (EDV 1), twice (EDV 2), and more than twice (EDV >2), respectively. In addition, older age, lower education, poorer cognition, poorer ADL performance, and longer follow-up periods also increased the conversion rates. EDVs in the predementia stages highly predict progression to dementia. Therefore, a sound public health as well as primary healthcare system that provide strategies for better management of mental and physical condition might help prevention of EDVs among older people in the predementia stages.
Effects of long-term childhood exercise and detraining on lipid accumulation in metabolic-related organs
Authors: Nguyen Son Tien , Fujita Naoto , Oshima Takaya , Nishihira Misuzu , Ohno Haruya , Yoneda Masayasu , Urakawa Susumu
Published: June 2022

The preventive effects of regular exercise on obesity-related health problems are carried over to the non-exercise detraining period, even when physical activity decreases with aging. However, it remains unknown whether regular childhood exercises can be carried over to adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term childhood exercise and detraining on lipid accumulation in organs to prevent obesity in adulthood. Four-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as obese animals. OLETF rats were allocated into sedentary and exercise groups: exercise from 4- to 12-week-old and detraining from 12- to 20-week-old. At 12-week-old immediately after the exercise period, regular exercise completely inhibited hyperphagia, obesity, enlarged pancreatic islets, lipid accumulation and lobular inflammation in the liver, hypertrophied adipocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening in OLETF rats. Additionally, exercise attenuated the decrease in the ratio of muscle wet weight to body weight associated with obesity. Decreased food consumption was maintained during the detraining period, which inhibited obesity and diabetes at 20-week-old after the detraining period. Histologically, childhood exercise inhibited the enlargement of pancreatic islets after the detraining period. In addition, inhibition of lipid accumulation was completely maintained in the WAT and BAT after the detraining period. However, the effectiveness was only partially successful in lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver. The ratio of muscle wet weight to body weight was maintained after detraining. In conclusion, early long-term regular exercise effectively prevents obesity and diabetes in childhood, and its effectiveness can be tracked later in life. The present study suggests the importance of exercise during childhood and adolescence to inhibit hyperphagia-induced lipid accumulation in metabolic-related organs in adulthood despite exercise cessation.
Survival effects of primary and metastatic surgical treatment in metastatic small intestinal tumors: A propensity score–matching study
Authors: Zhou Zhongyi , Ge Heming , Li Yuqiang , Wang Dan , Güngör Cenap
Published: June 2022

Objective

To analyze the effects of primary tumor resection and metastatic lesion resection on the survival of metastatic small intestinal tumors.

Methods

The research subjects were patients with metastatic small bowel tumors identified from 2004 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to analyze the effect of surgery on the prognosis.

Results

A total of 4,034 patients from the SEER database were analyzed. Both before and after the propensity score–matching analysis, the prognosis of patients who underwent primary tumor surgery and metastatic surgery was better than that of patients who did not undergo surgery; all were patients with metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma (mSIA) or metastatic small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (mSI-NETs) (all p < .005). Patients with mSIA and adequate lymph node dissection had a longer prognosis than mSIA patients with inadequate lymph node dissection, but this survival benefit was not present in mSI-NET patients. It made no difference in the prognosis of mSIA and mSI-NETs whether localized surgery or intestine-ectomy was performed. Patients with mSIA who underwent primary and metastatic excision plus chemotherapy had the best overall survival and cancer-specific survival rates, whereas mSI-NET patients who underwent primary and metastatic excision had the best overall survival and cancer-specific survival rates (all p < .001).

Conclusion

In these carefully selected patients, primary tumor resection and/or metastatic lesion resection significantly improved the survival rates for patients with mSIA and mSI-NETs. The mSIA patients with resectable primary tumors seemed to require a sufficient number of lymph node dissections more than the patients with well-differentiated mSI-NETs.
Hebrew letterforms on café signs in Berlin
Authors: Chelouche Nitzan
Published: June 2022

Israeli immigration to Berlin has increased significantly over the past decade, giving rise to a nascent Hebrew culture. Consequently, Hebrew letterforms, once seldom found outside the traditional context of synagogues, cemeteries or memorials, are nowadays also found in public spaces and restaurants across the city. While research on Israeli immigration to Germany has greatly increased in recent years, the visual characteristics of this community have, however, yet to be researched. Using two Israeli cafés in Berlin’s Kreuzberg and Neukölln districts as case studies, this article will examine the expression of Israeli cultural identity in the German capital through letterforms. I will argue that the logo designs of both cafés express a connection to Israeli culture in two contrasting ways: on the one hand, a nostalgic connection echoing traditions from the past, and on the other hand, an attempt to maintain a distance from this very culture. Based on interviews with the café owners and a visual analysis of their logos, this article will show how both the café owners strove to express a personal stance in regard to their identity as Israelis through the typefaces and designs used to represent their businesses.
On Seamus Heaney, R. F. Foster (2020)
Authors: Butler Jim
Published: June 2022

Review of: On Seamus Heaney, R. F. Foster (2020)

Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 248pp.,

ISBN 978-0-69121-147-3 h/bk, £14.99
Integrating the Sustainable Development Goals into a Region’s Smart Specialisation Strategy through Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Manasakis Constantine , Taliouris Evangelos
Published: June 2022

The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the accompanying 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been widely adopted in EU policies, such as the European Green Deal, and Member States, highlight the need for responsible and sustainable investments by the business sector. The present paper argues that in the EU framework where development policies are sufficiently decentralised at the level of Regions, the materialization of “shared value” from business towards the achievement of SDGs can be accomplished via close cooperation between regional governance authorities and the business sector itself, in the spirit of SDG 17 (“Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development”). In this framework, EU Regions shall support the identification of regional industries and/or market segments that guarantee innovation potentials and regional comparative advantages. This entrepreneurial discovery process, in the context of Regional Smart Specialisation Strategies, shall be followed by private investments, exploiting the relevant business opportunities and creating “shared value” towards the achievement of SDGs.
Hepatic Necrosis Mimicking Infiltrative Masses in Acute Budd-Chiari Syndrome With Hereditary Protein C Deficiency
Authors: Ananchuensook Prooksa , Karuehardsuwan Julalak , Sanpawat Anapat , Wisedopas Naruemon , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Komolmit Piyawat , Thanapirom Kessarin
Published: June 2022

We report the case of a patient with an unusual acute Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). The patient presented with high-grade fever and right upper quadrant pain. Infiltrative lesions at the right hepatic lobe and segment IVB with intrahepatic inferior vena cava and right hepatic vein thrombus appeared on abdominal imaging. Liver biopsy revealed hepatic infarction compatible with acute BCS. Thrombophilia work-up demonstrated low protein C activity with the -1657C/T mutation of the PROC gene. Necrotic liver mass with acute BCS related to congenital protein C deficiency was diagnosed. Patient symptoms and necrotic masses improved after anticoagulant treatment for 4 months.
Childbearing and Delivery in Women With Ulcerative Colitis and Ileostomy or Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis
Authors: Campigotto Michele , Braini Andrea , Casarotto Maria Maddalena , Crocè Saveria Lory , Sablich Renato
Published: June 2022

No detailed information is currently available about the management of pregnancy and delivery in patients with a stoma after colectomy for ulcerative colitis. We describe the case of a young pregnant woman with terminal ileostomy after toxic megacolon. Episodes of stoma occlusion, determined by the enlargement of the uterus, were treated with endoscopic decompression and daily assumption of oral laxatives, making possible to avoid surgery and carry pregnancy on until caesarean section was performed at week 37. Fertility issues, facing pregnancy with ileostomy rather than with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, and choice of caesarean section rather than vaginal delivery are discussed.
Monitoring and Analysis of Urban Sprawl Based on Road Network Data and High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery: A Case Study of China's Provincial Capitals
Authors: Ding Lin , Zhang Hanchao , Li Deren
Published: June 2022

The primary prerequisite for sustainable urban development is to accurately grasp the development of the city. The dynamic changes in the urban area can reflect the urban expansion process and spatial development model. Carrying out urban expansion monitoring and extracting urban areas
is of great importance for grasping the law of urban development and promoting the sustainable development of cities. However, the related research reveals several problems such as insufficient accuracy and low intelligence of urban boundary extraction. In response to these problems, this
paper proposes a new method for urban area extraction based on the progressive learning model. By combining prior knowledge and image features, the number of training samples required for machine learning is reduced, and the problem of using high-level semantic information expression in the
process of urban areas is avoided by using the classification method, and thus the accuracy of urban area extraction is improved. The method uses urban road network data to divide the city into blocks. It applies the scene classification method to extract the urban areas and uses the pyramid
layer-by-layer to carry out the space constraint method to integrate the urban extraction principle into the machine learning process, which can be obtained and kept artificial under a small sample condition. Extracting the effect of the urban area is very close, greatly reducing the workload
and providing a new solution for high-precision automatic extraction of urban areas. Through the analysis of urban expansion, the following results were obtained: (1) from 2000 to 2015, China's provincial capital cities maintained a high-speed growth trend with a total area increased by 90%;
(2) urban expansion showed significant regional differences. The eastern expansion rate gradually slowed down, the western and northeast regions accelerated their expansion, and the central region expanded steadily; (3) 61% of the provincial capital cities expanded exponentially; (4) the development
of China's provincial capital cities was highly correlated with national urban development policies and regional development strategies.
Impacts of Standards-Based Grading on Students’ Mindset and Test Anxiety
Authors: Lewis Drew
Published: June 2022

Standards-based grading is an alternative grading method with many claimed benefits. This paper reports on quantitative studies investigating several of these oft-made anecdotal claims, such as reducing students’ test anxiety and fostering a growth mindset. We found that standards-based grading did reduce students’ test anxiety; moreover, the typically found difference in test anxiety between male and female students was eliminated in standards-based grading courses. We found no change in students’ growth mindset, but that students’ mastery avoidance goals were reduced.
Pedagogical Interrelationships
Authors: Chadha Anita
Published: June 2022

Research indicates that peer interaction in the online classroom engages students in academic reflective deliberations. This study assesses student peer interactions on a purposefully designed collaborative website in an American politics course offered across two courses.  Significant evidence reveals that students are open, candid, and inquisitive of varied positions while interacting with academic reflectivity across each question asked of them.  They argue their perspectives with each other, teach and add information to their deliberations while being academically reflective. This study concludes that a peer interactive design is an invaluable method to engage students in academic deliberation while providing educators, researchers, and administrators an innovative means to enhance active learning and participation online.
Common Problems Project
Authors: Liszka James , Card Robert , Clark Patricia , Coleman Kimberly J , Leibensperger Eric , Mattingly Bruce , McGuire Mary , Nollenberg Joshua , Vanslyke-Briggs Kjersti , Wilson Leigh
Published: June 2022

The Common Problems Project (CP2) is an interdisciplinary, problem-based pedagogy that was launched in 2015 by four partner colleges in the State University of New York (SUNY) system (Cortland, Oneonta, Oswego, and Plattsburgh). Since its inception, 100 faculty have participated in CP2 and integrated the pedagogy into 134 courses to implement 47 collaborative projects. CP2 is based on a simple but innovative approach in which instructors from different disciplines identify a real-world problem they have in common. They pair their relevant existing classes so that students can work in interdisciplinary teams to propose solutions to the problem. This paper describes CP2 and its theoretical underpinnings, provides the results of a three-pronged approach to assessment, and outlines recommendations for faculty and institutions who may be interested in replicating CP2 on their campuses. CP2 model holds promise for a future of collaborative problem solving as a pedagogical approach, and, as such, this article will be of interest to a wide range of scholars, practitioners, educators, and administrators.