bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implant Therapy in Medically Compromised Patients- A Foretaste of Literature Review!
Authors: Niswade Grishmi , Chandhok Jasmeet , Bhutada Girish , Mishra Mitul , Ansari Salman
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, dental implants are the most reliable treatment option for edentulism be it partial or complete. Certain systemic diseases have shown to adversely affect the outcome of dental implants and result in complications. Therefore it is prudent that a clinician should be aware of the precautions to be taken in such patients and the complications that may arise if any such medical condition is present in the patient. This article reviews the care that should be taken in systemic diseases that complicate implant therapy and the risks involved if safeguard is not maintained.
Effect of Branding On Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Study in Relation to Fashion Industry
Authors: Siddiqui Irfan , Mishra Ujjwal M.
Published: July 2017

Customers all over the world now prefer branded products. This study is aimed at analysing the effect of brand on consumer buying behaviour. Along with finding the effect of brand on consumer buying behaviour the purpose of the study is to have an in depth knowledge of what actually is branding and consumer behaviour. To study the relationship between brand and consumer behaviour the following methodology is opted: Consumer Survey on the effect of brands on their buying behaviour through questionnaire. The key results of the study are: The degree brand of consciousness goes on decreasing in higher age groups; price and brand were the major attributes that customer’s gave most importance and 80% people believe that Brands in fashion industry have become a status symbol.
Optimization of Bioreactor Cultivation Parameters by Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design for Enhanced Prodigiosin Production
Authors: Elmenshawey Amera , Abdelrazak Ahmed , Mowafey Amr M. , Osman Yehia
Published: July 2017

One of the major steps toward the industrialization of microbial product(s) is to optimize the cultivation conditions at the large scale bioreactor and successfully control the microbial behavior within large scale production environment. Statistical Design of Experiment was proven to optimize a vast number of microbial processes to achieve robustness and explore possible interactions among the variables. In this research, Taguchi Orthogonal Array was applied to optimize the cultivation condition of a newly isolated Prodigiosin-producing marine bacterial strain, Serratia AM8887, at bioreactor level. Two steps fermentation process was applied; as the productivity was scaled up from shake flask level to a bench top bioreactor (5L) and subsequently to an in-situ sterilization bioreactor system (20L) leading to a yield of 7g/L compared to 100mg/L prior to optimization confirming that; applying Taguchi experimental design is a reliable and good positive option for the optimization of biotechnological processes.. The produced pigment was purified and the chemical structure was revealed by means of Spectrophotometric, Maas Spectrum (MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The biological activity including antibacterial, antioxidants and cytotoxicity to cancer cells line of the pigment were explored. The pigment showed very characteristic features that could helpful in food, pharmaceuticals and/or textile industries.
Induction of Tetraploid Lotus japonicus and Interspecific Hybridization with Super‐Root‐Derived Lotus corniculatus Regenerants
Authors: Hashiguchi Masatsugu , Puspasari Rinda , Suematsu Yuya , Muguerza Melody , Tanaka Hidenori , Suzuki Akihiro , Hoffmann Franz , Akashi Ryo
Published: July 2017

Super‐roots (SR), a unique in vitro cloning system of fast and continuously growing roots, has been isolated from self‐incompatible Lotus corniculatus L. The objective of this research was to develop self‐fertile SR plants by hybridizing SR forms of tetraploid L. corniculatus (2n = 4x = 24) with cholchicine‐doubled forms of the diploid, self‐fertile L. japonicus (Regel) K. Larsen (2n = 2x = 12) species. Tetraploid forms of L. japonicus ‘Miyakojima’ MG‐20 (MG‐20) were induced by treating seeds with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% (w/v) colchicine solutions for 12 or 24 h. The rate of tetraploidization as determined by flow cytometry was most efficient at the lowest colchicine concentration for both treatment durations. Induced tetraploids of MG‐20 had thicker stems with larger flowers and leaves compared with diploid forms of MG‐20. Seeds produced by tetraploid MG‐20 were also larger than those of the diploids; however, pod lengths and grain numbers were reduced. Two putative F1–interspecific hybrid plants were recovered, using embryo rescue, from hand‐pollinated crosses between tetraploid forms of MG‐20 and SR. The F1–interspecific hybrids displayed morphological features that were intermediate between the parental species. The root‐growth rate of hybrid‐derived root cultures was slightly reduced compared with the original SR. The hybrid plants are self‐compatible and able to produce seeds. The interspecific hybrids obtained in this study demonstrate the potential to combine self‐fertility and SR traits in Lotus forage breeding programs.
Unstable Infiltration Experiments in Dry Porous Media
Authors: Cremer C.J.M. , Schuetz C. , Neuweiler I. , Lehmann P. , Lehmann E.H.
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Gravity‐driven flow was studied in the presence of lenticular heterogeneity.

The importance of finger impingement position on heterogeneities was emphasized.

These experiments present a data set for testing of extended Richards' models.

Prediction of infiltration in porous media is challenged by finger formation and unstable displacement of the wetting front. We present a systematic experimental study on the effect of packings and infiltration rates on unstable flow into initially dry porous media. We conducted small two‐ and three‐dimensional experiments where water contents were measured with neutron radiography and larger two‐dimensional experiments, which we evaluated by obtaining commonly used finger properties such as width and velocity from image analysis. Our results from experiments in macroscopically homogeneous packings were tested for correspondence with theoretical finger property predictions and are in good agreement. For the smaller experiments, water content profiles including “overshoots” at the finger tips as well as finger properties depending on the packing matched well results reported in the literature. For all homogeneous experiments, we found a strong dependence of finger properties on porosity. Homogeneous experiments served as reference cases for comparison with larger two‐dimensional experiments where heterogeneity was induced by block‐shaped inclusions. Unstable flow propagation in heterogeneous experiments was documented by inclusion fill rates in addition to finger properties. We found a multifaceted finger propagation behavior that depends on the impingement position of instabilities on an inclusion. Thereby, we are able to show that the location of the impingement on an inclusion is crucial to the filling rate of the inclusion and the propagation velocity of the finger. Results from the conducted experiments present a data set for testing of extended Richards' models.
Characteristics of Acoustic Emissions from Soil Subjected to Confined Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Naderi-Boldaji Mojtaba , Bahrami Mostafa , Keller Thomas , Or Dani
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Acoustic emissions (AEs) reveal information on soil deformation processes.

We studied AEs during loading–unloading–reloading cycles under confined compression.

The number of AE hits reflected well the soil deformation regimes.

Soil compression and swelling indices correlate with AE parameters.

The Gutenberg–Richter power lawbvalue varied with wet soil yield stress.

Application of mechanical stresses to soil results in deformation, microfracturing, particle motion, and liquid reconfiguration that may release measurable amounts of stored elastic energy in the form of acoustic emissions (AEs). This study aimed to systematically study AE characteristics during confined uniaxial compression of soil samples and link various AE parameters to soil deformation regimes. We hypothesized that variations in AE characteristics could offer new insights into the transition between elastic and plastic soil deformation and noninvasively identify the onset of yield stress. We subjected soil samples at known water contents to a loading–unloading–reloading cycle under uniaxial compression using an oedometer coupled with an AE monitoring system. The soil was a sandy loam equilibrated with two initial gravimetric water contents (12 and 25%) and two initial bulk densities (1.3 and 1.55 Mg m−3) for each water content. Observed AE event numbers (hits) and their energy content (E) varied during stress application to soil samples. Close agreement was found between soil yield stress deduced from normalized cumulative AE parameters and measured stress–void ratio curves (precompression stress, σpc) for the dry soil; however, the yield stress deduced from AE parameters was significantly larger than σpcfor the wet soil. Swelling and compression indices were strongly correlated to AE hits andE, respectively. The preliminary results illustrate the potential of monitoring passive AE during load application to characterize soil mechanical parameters (potentially in situ). Nevertheless, additional studies with controlled pore water pressure and a range of soil types would be required to generalize these findings to offer a robust AE‐based method.
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA DE CONCEITOS BOTÂNICOS EM UMA CLASSE DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: ANÁLISE DOS CONHECIMENTOS PRÉVIOS
Authors: Dos Santos Rosalina Evangelista , Licona de Macedo Guadalupe Edilma
Published: July 2017

O ensino de ciências, visa favorecer uma maior aproximação dos alunos com as ciências, permitindo que a população, através da aquisição do conhecimento científico e da exploração das novas tecnologias, possa se posicionar frente aos processos e as inovações atuais, defendendo suas opiniões e exercendo a cidadania. Um ensino crítico de Botânica que incorpore os saberes prévios dos discentes, tem motivado os professores na construção de alternativas didáticas que possibilitem a ampliação da compreensão dos temas pelos discentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento prévio dos alunos da EJA acerca de conceitos botânicos, subsidiado pela teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. O estudo foi realizado em uma turma de jovens a adultos do ensino fundamental, II segmento, em uma escola pública municipal em Encruzilhada- Bahia. A abordagem metodológica foi do tipo qualitativa e como estratégia didática a pesquisa ação. Para conhecer os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos a estratégia utilizada foi o questionário. Os resultados mostraram o aluno como agente ativo de sua aprendizagem, e o professor mediador do processo. Os alunos tinham conhecimento botânico baseado no senso comum, visão esta modificada pelo conhecimento científico com a intervenção pedagógica do professor.
Crítica de la figura de Protágoras en el Libro Γ de la Metafísica de Aristóteles
Authors: Tabakian Diego
Published: July 2017

En su defensa del Principio de no-contradicción (PNC) (Metaph. Γ. 4-6 y 8), Aristóteles discute con varios interlocutores, desde los presocráticos hasta el sofista Protágoras, ampliamente conocido en la Antigüedad por trastocar el concepto de verdad (ἀλήθεια) con su doctrina de la "homo mensura", declarando la imposibilidad del discurso falso. Consideramos que una lectura atenta del Libro Γ que rescate la figura del abderita puede mostrar cómo la crítica del sofista es clave para la constitución del pensamiento aristotélico en torno al problema de la verdad.En la primer sección (§1), expondré algunas consideraciones sobre el PNC que son relevantes para entender las motivaciones detrás de las críticas aristotélicas al sofista. A continuación (§2), analizaré dos de los argumentos aristotélicos contra los adversarios que discuten de mala fe: la "refutación" de Metaph. Γ. 4 y el "argumento de las apariencias contrarias" de Metaph. Γ. 5. Mi hipótesis es que algunos elementos teóricos esbozados en Γ. 4 permiten reconstruir una crítica aristotélica seria contra Protágoras en Γ. 5. Finalmente (§3) expondré una síntesis del camino recorrido y ofreceré algunas conclusiones.
Intentional Ascription in Disorganized Schizophrenia: a davidsonian perspective
Authors: Vilatta María Emilia
Published: July 2017

Currently, there is an ongoing discussion regarding the possibility to extend Donald Davidson´s account of intentional ascription to cases of deluded subjects suffering different psychiatric disorders. Particularly, in respect to disorganized schizophrenia cases, some authors have claimed that, due to the irrational thinking and behavior of these subjects, they cannot satisfy rationality constrains to be considered intentional agents. Therefore, in these cases, it cannot be even possible to identify mental contents of their delusions. In this paper, I will challenge this view and I will argue that, if we revise and qualify some principles of Davidson´s approach, it can be legitimately extended, gradually, to delusional subjects suffering disorganized schizophrenia.
Suárez, el derecho natural y la crítica contemporánea
Authors: Contreras Sebastián
Published: July 2017

Los actuales defensores de la teoría de la ley natural, en su mayoría, sindican a Suárez como el responsable de introducir una interpretación fisicalista de santo Tomás. Por fisicalismo entienden la doctrina moral según la cual las acciones son buenas o malas por comparación a la naturaleza. Se trata, entonces, de la identificación de la ley natural con la naturaleza racional. Suárez, sin embargo, rechaza esta posición, argumentando que la naturaleza no es una regla moral sino el fundamento de los principios naturales. El trabajo, pues, consiste en una revisión de la filosofía suarista sobre la ley natural, con un énfasis especial en la crítica que hacen de ella los autores de la filosofía contemporánea.
“Todo arte es completamente inútil”. Continuidades y discontinuidades entre Ser y tiempo y “El origen de la obra de arte”
Authors: Belgrano Mateo
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo se propone analizar el papel del útil (Zeug) y su diferencia con la obra de arte en “El origen de la obra de arte” a la luz de lo desarrollado en Ser y tiempo. Mientras que “lo a la mano” se constituye por su estructura remisional que inaugura del Dasein, el arte “abre mundo”, es decir, abre una nueva red de significados, independientemente del sentido que le quiso dar el artista. Que el arte “muestra el ser del útil” no quiere decir que meramente muestra “la esencia de una bota”, sino la estructura remisional de “lo a mano”. El cuadro de las botas de Van Gogh funcionará como ejemplo para mostrar las diferencias entre la obra y el útil. A la luz de esta interpretación, analizaremos las críticas de Schapiro y Schaeffer a la lectura heideggeriana del cuadro del pintor holandés.
Caracteres anatómicos y fitoquímicos del tallo y raíz de Mammillaria uncinata (Cactaceae)
Authors: Loza-Cornejo Sofía , Aparicio-Fernández Xochitl , Patakfalvi Rita Judit , Rosas-Saito Greta Hanako
Published: July 2017

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los integrantes de la familia Cactaceae subsisten a través de adaptaciones anatómicas y metabólicas como la síntesis de metabolitos primarios y secundarios con funciones específicas que les permiten desarrollarse en regiones áridas y semiáridas. Mammillaria es un género perteneciente a la tribu Cacteae y la literatura con respecto a sus caracteres anatómicos y fitoquímicos es escasa. Particularmente para la especie Mammillaria uncinata los estudios con ese tipo de enfoque son ausentes, por lo que los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron describir la estructura anatómica-histoquímica y el perfil fitoquímico del tallo y la raíz de la especie con la finalidad de contribuir al conocimiento de su biología y composición química.Métodos: El estudio se realizó con ejemplares recolectados en la región Altos Norte de Jalisco, México. Se emplearon la microtécnica convencional de inclusión en parafina y técnicas histoquímicas para la descripción de los caracteres anatómicos e histoquímicos, así como técnicas cualitativas para el estudio del perfil fitoquímico.Resultados clave: Algunos de los caracteres anatómicos más distintivos son laticíferos que producen un látex lechoso y cristales de morfología variable en el tallo. El análisis del perfil fitoquímico reveló la presencia abundante de metabolitos secundarios en el tallo, incluyendo alcaloides, esteroles, flavonoides y saponinas, mientras que en la raíz únicamente se detectó, de manera escasa, la presencia de esteroles y saponinas.Conclusiones: El estudio mostró la presencia, en Mammillaria uncinata, de caracteres anatómicos similares a otras especies de Cactaceae, así como la abundancia de fitoquímicos con potencial aplicación en diferentes áreas.
Validation of models with constant bias: an applied approach
Authors: Medina-Peralta Salvador , Vargas-Villamil Luis , Navarro A Jorge , Avendaño R Leonel , Colorado M Luis , Arjona-Suarez Enrique , Mendoza-Martinez German
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. This paper presents extensions to the statistical validation method based on the procedure of Freese when a model shows constant bias (CB) in its predictions and illustrate the method with data from a new mechanistic model that predict weight gain in cattle. Materials and methods. The extensions were the hypothesis tests and maximum anticipated error for the alternative approach, and the confidence interval for a quantile of the distribution of errors. Results. The model evaluated showed CB, once the CB is removed and with a confidence level of 95%, the magnitude of the error does not exceed 0.575 kg. Therefore, the validated model can be used to predict the daily weight gain of cattle, although it will require an adjustment in its structure based on the presence of CB to increase the accuracy of its forecasts. Conclusions. The confidence interval for the 1-α quantile of the distribution of errors after correcting the constant bias, allows determining the top limit for the magnitude of the error of prediction and use it to evaluate the evolution of the model in the forecasting of the system. The confidence interval approach to validate a model is more informative than the hypothesis tests for the same purpose.
Using of essential oils in the treatment of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi
Authors: D Baldissera Matheus , Da Silva Aleksandro S , Oliveira Camila B , Vaucher Rodrigo A , Santos Roberto CV , Giongo Janice L , Capeleto Dianni M , Tonin Alexandre A , Monteiro Silvia G
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of copaiba, andiroba and aroeira essential oils for controlling trypanosomosis by Trypanosoma evansi with mice as experimental model. Materials and methods. Sixty-six mice were divided into eleven groups (A to L) with six animals each. Group A was the unique composed by healthy and uninfected animals (negative control). Animals in groups B to L were inoculated with 0.1 mL of blood containing 2.7 x 106 trypanosomes. Group B was used as a positive control without treatment. In experiment were tested copaiba (C, D and E), andiroba (F, G and H) and aroeira (I, J and L) oils at doses of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mL kg-1 to infected mice (T. evansi). Results. These protocols did not provide curative efficacy; however, the mice treated with highest dose of copaiba showed a significant increase in the longevity when compared others groups. Conclusions. Previously in our studies, these essential oils have shown trypanocidal activity in vitro, but when they were tested in vivo in mice infected with T. evansi, this trypanocidal activity, or the curative effect was not found, being only able to prolong the lifespan of the animals treated with copaiba oil.
Influence of glyceryl guaiacolate ether on anesthetics in tilapia compared to benzocaine and eugenol
Authors: Cosenza Geovana R. , Claudiano Gustavo S. , Marcusso Paulo F. , Eto Silas F. , Manrique Wilson G. , Loureiro Bruna A. , Shimada Marina T. , Salvador Rogerio , Moraes Julieta RE. , Moraes Flavio R.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of glyceryl guaiacolate ether (GGE) and compare the times of induction, recovery, hematological changes, total protein and glycaemia among anesthetics in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Materials and methods. A total of 60 tilapia distributed in 3 aquariums (N=20) were used, which formed the group benzocaine (100 mg/L), eugenol (50 mg/L) and guaiacol glyceryl ether (9.000 mg/L). After the induction of anesthesia fish blood samples were collected to determine the complete hemogram and glycemia. Then the animals were placed in aquariums with running water for assessing the anesthesia recovery. Results. It was verified that GGE showed longer induction and recovery times as well a significant increase (p<0.05) of glycemia, when compared with the other groups (p<0.05). The concentration of total protein did not differ between groups (p>0.05). An increase in the number of monocytes in the group treated with benzocaine (p <0.05) was observed in the analysis of the hematological parameters with no difference between groups for other variables. Conclusions. Eugenol and benzocaine allow rapid induction and recovery in Nile tilapia, without evidence of stress during handling and GGE showed high induction and recovery times, being inadequate for anesthetic use in Nile tilapia.
Some ecological aspects of free-living Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946 (Acari: Ixodidae) in Panama
Authors: García G Gleydis , Castro DF Angélica , Bermúdez C Sergio , Nava Santiago
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. To describe the seasonal variation and perform a comparative analysis on habitat preference of Haemaphysalis juxtakochi in Panama. Materials and methods. Ticks were collected from the vegetation, using a white cloth, between January 2009 and March 2010, in four site located in Summit Municipal Park (SMP), two in wooded area (WA) and two in grasslands (GR).The ticks were determined as larvae, nymphs and adults of H. juxtakochi. The number of ticks collected in each area was employed to describe the seasonal distribution of both immature and adult stages, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results. A total of 2.338 ticks in WA and 560 ticks in GR were collected. The major peak of adults from May to July, nymphs peaked from January to April and the peak of larvae abundance from December and January. There was a significant difference in the number of ticks collected in the two areas for each tick stage (larvae, mean number (MN) in WA 120.14, MN in GR 57.07, P: 0.02; nymphs, MN in WA 46.42, MN in GR 16.38, P: 0.018; adults, MN in WA 6.64, MN in GR 1.78, P: 0.02). Conclusions. The results suggest that H. juxtakochi maintains a one-year cycle in the study areas. This cycle would be characterized by the immature population peaks in the dry season; while adults are distributed throughout year, with a peak in the transition from the rainy and dry. Moreover, H. juxtakochi was more abundant in forests than in grasslands, which could lead to a better adaptation to forested conditions.
Genetic structure of Antioquia Holstein from two SNPs and association with dairy traits
Authors: Madrid G Stephania , López H Albeiro , Echeverri Z Julián
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. Analyze the structure and genetic differentiation of a population of Antioquia Holstein cows from the polymorphisms A192G of INHA and A-320T of FSHR, and explore the association of the genotypic combinations with milk traits. Materials and methods. 1240 lactations of 356 animals from 9 herds in 6 municipalities of Antioquia were analyzed. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Structure and genetic diversity parameters were determined using GenAlex software. The association of genotypes combinations with productive and reproductive traits was explored through a linear mixed model. Results. SNP A192G showed a frequency of 0.534 and 0.466 for A and G alleles respectively and SNP A-320T had a frequency of 0.660 far A allele and 0.339 for T allele, this way the population is in HWE. The FST, FIS and FIT values were 0.059, 0.285 and 0.328 respectively indicating a moderate genetic differentiation between subpopulations. The A-320T SNP showed significant effect on milk yield. Fat and protein percentage, calving interval and services per conception were not affected by these polymorphisms or their interaction. Conclusions. Phenotypic selection made on this population has not been strong enough to generate noticeable changes in allele frequencies of these polymorphisms or deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The interaction of these polymorphisms has no significant effect on the characteristics of zootechnical interest, so its use in programs of molecular marker assisted selection is not recommended.
Single dose of secnidazole treatment against naturally occuring Giardia duodenalis infection in Sakiz lambs
Authors: Ural Kerem , Aysul Nuran , Voyvoda Huseyin , Ulutas Bulent , Aldemir Osman S. , Eren Hasan
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. The purposes of this study were to determine whether secnidazole administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg, orally, lessens or eliminates Giardia cyst shedding, and to validate the benefit of secnidazole treatment on clinical signs and faecal consistency in lambs naturally infected with Giardia duodenalis. Materials and methods. To this extent weaned 12 weeks of age lambs were selected and randomly assigned into two groups based on placebo (group C, n=7 untreated control group) or treatment (group S, n=10 lambs treated with a single dose of secnidazole at 10 mg/kg). Results. On days 0 and 10, before and after treatment, respectively, reduction in cyst excretion was determined. The faecal consistency and general health were recorded at each sampling day. Conclusions. During the study there was a high (99.98%) reduction in cyst excretion in the secnidazol treatment group compared to the positive control group on day 10, resulting in a significant (p<0.001) reduction, making secnidazole highly effective treatment option.
Effect of GnRH and D-Chloprostenol application on pregnancy and prolificacy rates on Pelibuey ewes
Authors: Martínez T Jaime , Montañez V Oziel , Ley De C Alejandro , Izaguirre F Fernando , Velazco Z María , Aguirre M Juan
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. Was to evaluate the effect of GnRH and D-Chloprostenol application on pregnancy and prolificacy rates on Pelibuey ewes. Materials and methods. Forty five ewes were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: T1(n=15), day 0: sponges with 65 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) + 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and sponge removal (day 12) + breeding by natural mating (days 12-15); T2 (n=15), day 0: 50 μg gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) + 7.5 mg D-Chloprostenol (day 5) + 50 μg GnRH (day 7) + insemination at fixed time (AIFT) 12 to 14 h after last injection of GnRH; T3 (n=15), 100 μg GnRH (day 0) + 7.5 mg D-Chloprostenol (day 5) + 100 μg GnRH (day 7) + AIFT 12 to 14 h after last injection of GnRH. Results. The average concentration of progesterone (P4) in blood was 1.22 ± 0.74 ng/mL, which was used to verify ovarian activity at the beginning of the treatments. 100% of the T1 ewes presented estrus, beginning at 38.4±9.56 h after sponge removal. There were differences (p<0.05) for pregnancy rates, of 60, 33.33 and 46.66% respectively, among the treatments. Prolificacy was no different (p>0.05) among the treatments where the values were 1.2, 1.4 and 1.4 lambs/ewe for T1, T2 and T3, Conclusions. The results of this study show that the use of GnRH and D-Chloprostenol did improve pregnancy rates but did not improve prolificacy in tropical ewes
Supervivencia de postlarvas de camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei a diferentes salinidades y temperaturas
Authors: Arzola G Juan , Piña V Pablo , Nieves S Mario , Medina J María
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Analizar el efecto combinado de salinidad (5, 15, 25, 35 y 45ups) y temperatura (15, 20, 25, 30 y 35oC) sobre la supervivencia y frecuencia de mudas en postlarvas (PL12) de Litopenaeus vannamei. Materiales y métodos. Los experimentos se realizaron por cuadriplicado por cada combinación de salinidad y temperatura. Las postlarvas se mantuvieron en acuarios de 3 L a una densidad de 100PL/l. La salinidad se incrementó disolviendo sal granulada libre de yodo, a partir de agua de mar, mientras que para alcanzar las salinidades menores se utilizó agua dulce filtrada. Las postlarvas aclimatadas a 35ups y 28°C (condición inicial) fueron sometidas abruptamente a las salinidades y temperaturas experimentales por 30 minutos. Después, se filtraron y se colocaron nuevamente en su condición inicial para su recuperación. Transcurridos 30 minutos, se contaron las postlarvas vivas y las mudas. Los datos fueron analizados por un ANOVA de dos vías. Resultados. Se determinó que la supervivencia y frecuencia de mudas fueron significativamente afectadas por la salinidad, temperatura y su interacción (p<0.05). Se obtuvo una supervivencia máxima y mínima de 99.8 y 94.4%. Los porcentajes de supervivencia y frecuencias de mudas disminuyeron a una baja salinidad en combinación a bajas y altas temperaturas, y aumentaron independientemente de la salinidad y temperatura, a excepción de 5ups con 15, 30 y 35°C. La mortalidad máxima de postlarvas fue de 5.6% (5ups y 30°C). Conclusiones. Se determinó que a temperaturas de 20 y 25°C en combinación a las salinidades utilizadas, fueron las mejores condiciones de supervivencia y de resistencia de las postlarvas ante dichas condiciones hidrológicas.
Reef fish community in presence of the lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: García-Urueña Rocío , Acero P Arturo , Coronado-Carrascal Víctor
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. Fish species community structure and benthic organisms coverage were studied in five localities in Santa Marta where the lionfish is present. Materials and methods. Abundance of fish species, including lion fish, was established using 30 m random visual censuses and video transects; trophic guilds were established according to available references. On the other hand benthic coverage was evaluated using the software Coral Point Count (CPCe) 4.0. Results. Families with higher species numbers were Serranidae, Labridae, and Pomacentridae. Lionfish abundances were low (2.6±2.1 ind/120 m2), but in any case Pterois volitans was observed as the eleventh more abundant species, surpassing species of commercial value such as Cephalopholis cruentata. Species that were found in larger numbers (>100, Thalassoma bifasciatum, Haemulon aurolineatum, Canthigaster rostrata, Abudefduf saxatilis, Chromis cyanea, and Stegastes partitus) were mainly invertebrate eaters, planctivores, and territorial herbivores. Coral coverage showed higher coral percentages in Chengue (69.9%) and Cinto (27.4%), larger sponge percentages in Morro (32.7%); Isla Aguja and Remanso showed the larger figures for abiotic substrate (41.6 and 37%, respectively); corals, sponges, and gorgonians were the components best explaining fish community, but not for the lion fish, which inhabit all studied reef formations. Conclusions. Lion fish is ranked between the 20 more abundant species, with none commercially important species larger, hence no species may qualify as a natural control. Lion fish has as well become a relatively abundant species in Santa Marta reefs, independent of benthic coverage.
Polimorfismos del gen BoLA-DRB3.2* en ganado criollo colombiano
Authors: Hernández H Darwin , Posso T Andrés , Muñoz F Jaime , Giovambattista Guillermo , Álvarez F Luz
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Caracterizar el polimorfismo del gen BoLA-DRB3.2* en las razas bovinas criollas y colombianas. Materiales y métodos. En 360 muestras de ADN de ocho razas bovinas criollas (Blanco Orejinegro, Casanareño, Costeño con Cuernos, Chino Santandereano, Caqueteño, Hartón del Valle, Romosinuano y San Martinero), dos razas sintéticas Colombianas (Lucerna y Velásquez) y dos razas foráneas (Brahman y Holstein) se evaluó el polimorfismo del gen BoLA-DRB3.2 mediante técnicas moleculares (PCR-RFLP); se calculó el número promedio de alelos (NPA), las frecuencias, la heterocigocidad esperada (He) y observada (Ho), el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, la estructura genética y los valores de FST y FIS. Resultados. El NPA fue 14.6 ± 3.8 siendo Caqueteño la raza con mayor NPA (25) y el menor el Chino Santandereano (10). Se encontraron 41 alelos BoLA-DRB3.2* los más frecuentes fueron *28, *37, *24, *23, *20, *27, *8, *16, *39 (0.17, 0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.09, 0.07, 0.07 y 0.06 respectivamente). Se encontró alta diversidad genética (He = 0.878) con mayor valor en Caqueteño (0.96) y menor en San Martinero (0.81). Todas las razas se encontraron en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, se encontraron valores altamente significativos de diferenciación genética (FST= 0.044) y de coeficiente de endogamia (FIS = 0.249). Conclusiones. El ganado criollo colombiano posee alto polimorfismo del gen BoLA-DRB3.2* representado en los altos valores de NPA y diversidad génetica.
Efecto del plasma seminal sobre el estado redox del semen equino criopreservado
Authors: Pizarro L Edison , Restrepo B Giovanni , Echeverry Z José , Rojano Benjamín
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar el efecto del plasma seminal sobre la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) y la peroxidación lipídica de semen equino criopreservado y su asociación con parámetros de calidad seminal. Materiales y métodos. El semen de cinco caballos de la raza criollo colombiano (dos eyaculados cada uno), fue criopreservado mediante un protocolo de congelación rápida, empleando un diluyente leche-yema de huevo, suplementado con 0%, 10% y 20% de plasma seminal equino. En muestras de semen fresco y criopreservado se evaluó la generación de ERO y la peroxidación lipídica por espectrofluorimetría, y los parámetros de calidad seminal de movilidad progresiva, vitalidad e integridad de membrana, mediante microscopia de contraste de fase. Para el análisis estadístico se ajustaron modelos mixtos y se realizaron análisis de regresión y correlación. Resultados. Se hallaron promedios post-descongelación de movilidad progresiva, vitalidad e integridad de membrana de 37.8%±20.2, 50.6% ± 14.6 y 37.8% ± 15.5, respectivamente. Para el semen fresco y criopreservado suplementado con 0%, 10% y 20% de plasma seminal, los promedios de producción de ERO (URF) fueron de 13.34±10.7, 16.15 ± 13.5, 17.32 ± 16 y 22.98 ± 19.4, respectivamente; mostrando un incremento estadísticamente significativo (p≤0.05) en la producción de ERO por efecto de la criopreservación y la suplementación con plasma seminal. Los promedios de peroxidación lipídica (nmolMDA/ml) para estos mismos tratamientos, fueron de 0.41 ± 0.25, 0.72±0.37, 0.51 ± 0.29 y 0.47±0.26, respectivamente; mostrando una reducción significativa (p≤0.05) de la peroxidación lipídica del semen suplementado con 10% y 20% de plasma seminal, respecto al semen no suplementado (0%). Conclusiones. El plasma seminal reduce la peroxidación lipídica del semen equino criopreservado
Inhibición de colonización intestinal por Vibrio cholerae con Lactobacillus acidophilus1 en conejos lactantes
Authors: Pazos M Alvaro , Guerrero F Milena
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar la capacidad in vitro e in vivo de Lactobacillus acidophilus1, aislado en este estudio, para prevenir enfermedad diarreica causada por Vibrio cholerae 01 OGAWA, en conejos lactantes. Materiales y métodos. Se aisló Lactobacillus acidophilus1 a partir de heces de niños sanos, se seleccionó por su capacidad amilolítica a partir de un grupo de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL). El mejor sustrato amiláceo para el crecimiento de la BAL fue estandarizado previamente. Con L. acidophilus1 se realizó un ensayo in vitro e in vivo de inhibición antagónica sobre el enteropatógeno y se evaluó la prevención de la colonización por V. cholerae 01 OGAWA en conejos lactantes. Resultados. De acuerdo con el análisis de varianza L. acidophilus1 presentó la mejor capacidad amilolítica respecto a las otras BAL aisladas, p<0.5. Se encontró que un inóculo con una densidad celular de 35x106 bacterias/ml en el fermento láctico es capaz de ejercer el mayor efecto antagónico in vitro sobre V. cholerae. Se demostró el efecto probiótico in vivo, ya que los conejos enfrentados con el patógeno y sin recibir probiótico tuvieron una probabilidad de sobrevida menor de 0.25 respecto al grupo de animales retados con el patógeno y simultáneamente alimentados con el probiótico cuya probabilidad de sobrevida fue de 0.95. Conclusiones. L. acidophilus1 se considera un microorganismo probiótico, capaz de sobrevivir a su paso por el tracto gastrointestinal en un modelo animal y prevenir la colonización intestinal por V. cholerae 01 OGAWA en conejos lactantes.
Genetic diversity of Prochilodus lineatus stocks using in the stocking program of Tietê River, Brazil
Authors: Lopera-Barrero Nelson , Povh Jayme , Fornari Darci C. , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Maria , Alves dos Santos Silvio C. , Ribeiro Ricardo
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. Assess the genetic diversity in four brood stocks and one juvenile stock of curimba Prochilodus lineatus in a Hydropower plant in São Paulo - Brazil, using the Tietê River stocking program. Materials and methods. Five RAPD primers were used to amplify the extracted DNA from 150 fin-clip samples. Results. Fifty-nine fragments were polymorphic, 52 had frequencies with significant differences (p<0.05), 45 had low frequencies, 54 were excluded, and two were fixed fragments. High values for polymorphic fragments (71.19% to 91.53%) and Shannon index (0.327 to 0.428) were observed. The genetic divergence values within each stock were greater than 50%. Most of the genetic variation was found within the groups through the AMOVA analysis, which was confirmed by the results of the identity and genetic distance. High ancestry levels (FST) among the groups value indicated high and moderate genetic differentiation. The estimates of number of migrants by generation (Nm) indicated low levels of gene flow. High and moderate genetic divergence between groups (0.58 to 0.83) was observed. Conclusions. The results indicate high variability within the stocks, and genetic differentiation among them. The fish stocks analyzed represent a large genetic base that will allow the fish technicians to release juveniles without genetic risks to wild populations present in the river. These genetic procedures may be used as models for other migratory species, including those threatened by extinction.
Efecto de la densidad de siembra y la adición de ácido ascórbico en el cultivo de Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
Authors: Cuaical T Carolina , Vallejo V Evelyn , Franco R Hugo , Sanguino O Wilmer
Published: July 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la densidad de siembra y la adición de ácido ascórbico en la alimentación de alevinos de O. bicirrhosum, cultivados en jaulas. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 396 alevinos y se distribuyeron en nueve tratamientos, resultado de la combinación de los niveles del factor densidad de siembra: 1pez/5 L; 1pez/10 L y 1pez/15 L y los niveles de ácido ascórbico: 0; 500 y 1000 mg/kg. Los datos obtenidos se evaluaron mediante el análisis de varianza del diseño factorial 32. Resultados. La densidad de siembra presentó diferencias estadísticas significativas en el incremento de peso. Las variables incremento de longitud y tasa de crecimiento específico no presentaron diferencias estadísticas. En cuanto a la conversión alimenticia aparente, se demostraron diferencias significativas en los dos factores: La densidad de 1pez/10 L indicó la mejor conversión con un valor de 1.50, asimismo, la inclusión de 1000 mg de ácido ascórbico por Kg de alimento mostró los mejores promedios con 1.55. En la sobrevivencia se precisaron diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos de la densidad de 1pez/5 L, siendo mejores aquellos que incluyeron ácido ascórbico en la dieta. Conclusiones. La densidad de 1pez/10 L registró el mayor incremento de peso con 31.83 g en 87 días. La sobrevivencia general fue del 96%, lo que demuestra la eficiencia del sistema de cultivo utilizado, al tiempo que actúa de manera positiva en el desarrollo de esta especie.
Evasión molecular de la activación del macrófago bovino por Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis
Authors: Ramírez G René , Maldonado E Juan
Published: July 2017

RESUMENEl Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis (MAP) es el agente causal de una enfermedad granulomatosica crónica, que afecta el tracto gastrointestinal de rumiantes domesticos y salvajes, conocida como la enfermedad de Johne o paratuberculosis. MAP es un microorganismo de crecimiento lento en cultivo, no obstante sobrevive in vivo en células fagocíticas mononucleares de los rumiantes, bajo condiciones de susceptibilidad individual, virulencia de la cepa infectante y estado inmune del individuo afectado. Una vez MAP es fagocitado por el macrófago bovino, tanto el macrófago como MAP activan: el uno para tratar de destruir a MAP y luego sufrir apoptosis y el otro para evadir su destrucción dentro del fagolisosoma del macrófago. El balance de dicha confrontación molecular determina el curso inicial de la infección hacia la eliminación eficiente del microorganismo o hacia el establecimiento de la infección, que culminará en los estadios III (clínico intermitente) y IV (clínica terminal) de la enfermedad de Johne. En la presente revisión se discuten los diferentes mecanismos moleculares por los cuales MAP evade la respuesta inmune, con énfasis en su comportamiento dentro de la vacuola fagocítica y como el agente establece mecanismos de sobrevivencia intracelular y altera la activación de los macrófagos del hospedero y de la respuesta inmune específica
Oropuche virus: A virus present but ignored
Authors: Mattar V Salim , González T Marco
Published: July 2017

ResumenBunyaviruses are RNA viruses that affect animals and plants; they have five genera and four of them affect humans: Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus and Hantavirus. All of them are Arbovirus, except Hantavirus. The Orthobunyaviruses comprise Oropouche, Tahyna, La Crosse virus, California encephalitis virus and Heartland virus recently discovered (1). Except for Heartland virus which is transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyoma, these Phleboviruses have as vectors mosquitoes, which bite small mammals which are able to be as reservoirs amplifiers.
Environmental characterization of the reproductive season of migratory fish of the Sinú river (Córdoba, Colombia)
Authors: Kerguelén-Durango Eduardo , Atencio-García Víctor
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective. To characterize some abiotic factors during the reproductive season of migratory fish (bocachico Prochilodus magdalenae, dorada Brycon sinuensis, bagre blanco Sorubim cuspicaudus and barbul Pimelodus blochii) in the Sinú River. Materials and methods. From April to October, 2008, in Carrizola (Tierralta, 36.31 km from the Urrá hydroelectric plant) factors such as flow=Qriver, daily flow difference =ΔQriver, velocity=Vriver, temperature=Triver, electrical conductivity=CE, total dissolved solids=STD, turbidity=Turb, cloudiness=Nub, rainfall=Pluv and solar brightness=Bs were measured daily three times/day (07:00 h, 12:00 h, 17:00 h). Also, on the same schedule, ichthyoplankton was collected as an indicator of reproductive activity, assessed by reproductive frequency (Fr=number of days with presence of ichthyoplankton/number of days in the period evaluated X 100) and larval density (Dl=larval/m3). Results. The daily values of Qriver ranged between 278.7 and 838.5 m3/s, ΔQriver between 0.0 and 100.7 m3/s, Vriver between 1.40 and 1.53 m/s, Pluv between 0.0 and 88.2 mm, Triver between 27.0 and 28.7°C, STD between 73.0 and 302.3 mg/L, Turb between 9.7 and 679.7 NTU, CE between 81.0 and 361.7 mS/cm, Bs between 0.0 and 11.2 hours, Nub between 2.0 and 7.3 octaves. The Fr was 30.4%, with April (40.0%) and May (74.2%) as the higher activity reproductive months, while the Dl in the season was 4.9 larvae/m3, with the larvae group other species (2.9 larvae/m3) and bocachico (1.8 larvae/m3) as the most abundant. Conclusions. Most reproductive activity was recorded early in the season (April and May) and parameters such as Qriver, Triver, Vriver, Pluv, STD and Nub may be considered final factors associated with migratory fish reproduction.
Canine Leishmaniosis: tools for diagnosis in veterinary practice in Colombia
Authors: Acero P Víctor , Ángel B Perla , Fonseca B Esther , Ferrer Lluís , Roura Xavier
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to perform a critical analysis and guide veterinarians in the management of canine Leishmaniosis. A systematic literature review was performed between 2005 and 2014 including scientific papers which take into account experiences and reports of: pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment, vaccination, prevention and control strategies. We discuss the different aspects of VL management and aspects that should be taken into account depending on the country, after a patient is suspected or confirmed as positive, including the possibility of euthanasia. We describe the different clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnosis, signs and treatment of canine leishmaniosis. Canine leishmaniosis is present in different parts of the country, therefore it must be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in the veterinary clinic, in patients with dermatological and systemic signs that are compatible with various diseases. In Colombia, the patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis could be treated and have a favorable prognosis, whereas in canines with diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis euthanasia should be considered because of the public health implications.
Now is the time for the Zika virus
Authors: Mattar V Salim , González T Marco
Published: July 2017

In April 1947 it was discovered through an experimental animal model a jungle fever. During the experiment, monkeys (macaques) were placed in cages and left exposed in the Zika forest (Uganda); one of the monkeys became ill and died. They filtered postmortem monkey tissues were inoculated into mouse brain and from there, a virus called Zika (ZIKV) was cultured. In 1948 ZIKV was also isolated from mosquitoes Aedes africanus captured in the Zika forest. In 1956 ZIKV transmission in mosquitoes Ae. aegypti was found, as well as a monkey. Between 1968 and 1975, ZIKV was subsequently isolated from humans (Nigeria); 40% of those patients analized by PRNT shown antibodies.