bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Human Adenoviruses of Medical Importance: Isolation of Infectious Virus from Clinical Specimens and Molecular Typing
Authors: Kajon Adriana E. , Lamson Daryl M. , George Kirsten St.
Published: November 2023

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) constitute a group of ubiquitous viruses that currently comprises 51 well‐defined serotypes and more than 113 genotypes classified into seven species, HAdV‐A through HAdV‐G. The members of these species differ considerably in their genomic characteristics and also in their tropism and pathogenicity. Virus isolation in cell culture remains critical for the preservation and comprehensive characterization of viruses of biomedical interest but has been almost completely abandoned by diagnostic laboratories. Currently, the most frequently used approach for the detection of HAdV in clinical specimens is real‐time qPCR targeting a region of the hexon gene, conserved among all genotypes described to the present. In the absence of typing, the detection of an HAdV in association with disease provides limited information. Molecular typing is therefore highly desirable and required in the epidemiological investigation of HAdV‐associated disease. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Virus isolation from plasma and whole blood

Alternate Protocol 1: Virus isolation from stool

Alternate Protocol 2: Virus isolation from respiratory specimens and urine

Alternate Protocol 3: Virus isolation from tissue specimens

Support Protocol: Inoculation of shell vials

Basic Protocol 2: Extraction of highly pure viral genomic DNA from infected cells

Basic Protocol 3: Molecular detection of human adenovirus by real‐time PCR

Basic Protocol 4: Molecular typing for basic identification of species and hexon type

Basic Protocol 5: Typing human adenoviruses by next‐generation whole‐genome sequencing and analysis
Cytosine‐Functionalized Macrocyclic Receptor for Nucleotides: Combining Three Recognition Motifs
Authors: Morozov Boris S. , Oshchepkov Alexander S. , Xu Dan , Kataev Evgeny A.
Published: November 2023

Nucleoside monophosphates perform various essential functions and serve as second messengers in living systems. Despite the success of nucleotide‐selective probes based on proteins, the creation of synthetic receptors for nucleoside monophosphates remains a challenging task. In this paper, we explore the design of synthetic receptors based on a combination of three recognition motifs. We show that each binding motif contributes to the formation of the host‐guest complexes. The core macrocycle provides recognition of the phosphate residue of the nucleotide, while naphthalimide and the attached cytosine residue participate in the coordination of the nucleobase via π‐π and hydrogen bonding interactions. The presence of cytosine in the receptor structure substantially increases the overall affinity of receptors for nucleotides. A considerable increase (100‐fold) in binding affinities is observed for the tetranucleotide DNA sequences 5′‐GGGG ‐3′ and 5′‐CCCC‐3′, as compared to the previously reported system without the attached cytosine.
Feasibility and Performance Analysis of a Dual‐Regulation System in the Process of Methanol and Electricity Coproduction by Coal Gasification
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhu Lin , Yu Jianting , Liu Huiming , Hao Qiang , Huang Yue
Published: November 2023

The traditional coal‐gasification process has many problems, such as low yield, large loss of syngas, and large carbon emission. Herein, a novel dual‐regulation system is established. Natural gas is used as the supplemental feed to add hydrogen‐ to coal‐gasification syngas, which is the primary regulation process. Water–gas shift process with calcium looping is treated as the secondary regulation process to regulate the ratio of H2 to CO and CO2 subtly. The potential feasibility of the system is verified through thermodynamic perspective by Aspen Plus. Under the simulation condition, the final methanol product amount is 3485.12 kmol h−1 with 97.2% concentration and 33.47 MWe net electricity is generated. As a result, the methanol efficiency and net electricity efficiency are 60.55% and 3.22%, respectively. For investigating the effectiveness of regulation, the effects of mass ratio of natural to coal feedstock on materials and performances are discussed.
Measurement of wellbore leakage in high‐pressure gas well based on the multiple physical signals and history data: Method, technology, and application
Authors: Zhang Bo , Pan Zhaocai , Cao Lihu , Xie Junfeng , Chu Shengli , Jing Yinghua , Lu Nu , Sun Tengfei , Li Cheng , Xu Yuqiang
Published: November 2023

Leakage is one of the most serious challenges for the safe production of high‐pressure gas wells for its high risks, including abnormal annular pressure, natural gas accumulation, and environment pollution, but available methods can hardly accurately measure the leakage type and depth, which are the key parameters for the rigless leakage repair and risk assessment. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to measure the leakage based on the characteristics, which combines qualitative and quantitative measurement together. Qualitative measurement considers the annular pressure, tubing pressure, liquid level, cement quality, and workover history. Quantitative measurement is determined by noise logging, electromagnetic logging, pressure logging, and temperature logging. The logging should be optimized according to the qualitative measurement. The method was successfully applied in high‐pressure gas well belonging to Tarim Oilfield. Two potential leakage types are provided based on the annular pressure, liquid level, cement quality, and workover history, including tubing leakage and linger hanger leakage. Based on the potential leakage types, the pressure difference, logging devices string, stopping length, and time are optimized to make the engineering logging reliable. Through measurement, two leakage points are found in tubing string. One is tubing body crack at the depth of 2724 m and the other is tubing thread leakage at the depth of 5211.7 m, which well matches the production data.
Hydrogen storage properties in rapidly solidified TiZrVCrNi high‐entropy alloys
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Yadav Thakur Prasad , Shaz Mohammad Abu , Mukhopadhyay Nilay Krishna
Published: November 2023

The development of alloys with substantial hydrogen storage capacities is a potential solution to the demand for hydrogen storage in a future hydrogen‐based energy system. The synthesis, structural‐microstructural properties, and hydrogen storage performance of a multicomponent TiZrVCrNi high‐entropy melt‐spun ribbon have been discussed in the present investigation. The x‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy investigations confirm that this as‐cast and melt‐spun alloy contains only a single C14‐type hexagonal (a = b = 5.02 Å, c = 8.15 Å, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°) Laves phase. The room temperature pressure composition isotherms were studied with a pressure range of 0 to 40 atm. Continuing from our previous study in which we reported a hydrogen storage capacity of ~1.5 wt% in an as‐cast high‐entropy alloy synthesized using Arc melting, the total hydrogen storage capacity of TiZrVCrNi high‐entropy melt‐spun ribbons was found to be ~2 wt% in this work. This study makes the way forward for greater hydrogen storage in melt‐spun ribbons. The observation of only minimal losses in storage capacity, even after 10 cycles of experiments on hydrogen absorption, shows that the reversible hydrogen storage capacity has high durability. To the best of our knowledge, these demonstrations are the first to present a study on the hydrogen storage capacity (~2 wt%) of the equiatomic TiZrVCrNi melt‐spun ribbons.
The Great Lakes Future Fishers Initiative: Supporting the Next Generation of Great Lakes Commercial Fishing and Seafood Processing Industries
Authors: Jescovitch Lauren N , Moen Sharon , Abdl-Haleem Fatima , Seilheimer Titus S
Published: November 2023

Commercial fishers, fish processors, and regulatory agencies in the Great Lakes region have expressed interest in mentoring the next generation of the industry's workforce using structured, cross-discipline training curricula. A framework for an apprenticeship program for the Great Lakes region was developed using a regional online survey and in-person, semistructured focus group discussions with Anishinaabe fishers, multigenerational fishing families, and regulatory agency staff. Using these findings, we propose the Great Lakes Future Fisheries Initiative as a framework that meets the need for place-based job opportunities that include cultural and regulatory contexts specific to the region. Next steps include using the framework in collaboration with commercial businesses to pilot an apprenticeship program to address workforce development.
Burden of respiratory failure in pediatric patients: Analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Hernández‐Corredor Laura , Plazas‐Pachón Rocio , Argote‐Bolaños Fernanda , Barrera‐Lopez Pedro , Vanegas Melisa Naranjo , Moreno‐Lopez Sergio , Rueda‐Guevara Paola , Piñeros Juan G. , Castañeda Olga Lucía Baquero , Bonilla Carolina , Mejía Luz M. , Mesa María L. , Restrepo‐Gualteros Sonia , Ramírez Varela Andrea
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

The approach to the burden of disease is a demographic, economic, and a health problem, which requires the design and application of specific measures of cost of the disease, such as disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), to establish better public health policies in the pediatric population. The aim of this study is to approach the burden of disease in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) through the calculation of DALYs.

Methods

This study was conducted in the framework of a prospective, multicenter cohort in Bogotá, Colombia. Inclusion criteria were all pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department, hospitalization, and intensive care unit with respiratory distress; eligible patients were all those who developed ARF between April 2020 and December 2021. They were followed‐up during hospitalization, at 30 and 60 days after admission. The Infant/Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire and KIDSCREEN quality of life scales were applied for follow‐up according to the age group. The results were used to calculate DALYs

Results

Six hundred and eighty‐five eligible patients, 296 (43.08%) developed ARF, of these 22 (6.08%) patients died (mortality rate = 7.43%). The total DALYs was 277.164 years. For younger than 9 years, the DALYs were 302.64 years, while for older than 10 years were 40.49 years.

Conclusion

ARF is one of the main causes of preventable mortality in pediatrics, its progression to respiratory failure is a highly prevalent condition in pediatric age, a condition that has a great impact on mortality, morbidity, and disability in our patients.
Richard Lerner and the Birth of Antibody Libraries
Authors: Burton Dennis R.
Published: November 2023

Richard Lerner had many achievements in his outstanding career. He will perhaps be remembered most for taking the helm of Scripps Research, following the founding by and tenure of Frank Dixon, and building one of the most successful biomedical research institutes in the world. Two Nobel prizes at Scripps in the past two years and one of them a second Nobel speaks for itself. But I want to cover what many consider Richard's finest scientific achievement‐ the development of a whole new approach to making antibodies that has been revolutionary to many aspects of basic science and medicine. I was very fortunate to be a part of that development and I give an account here and my memories of Richard during that time.
Multiomics characterization and verification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma molecular subtypes to guide precise chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Meng Jialin , Jiang Aimin , Lu Xiaofan , Gu Di , Ge Qintao , Bai Suwen , Zhou Yundong , Zhou Jun , Hao Zongyao , Yan Fangrong , Wang Linhui , Wang Haitao , Du Juan , Liang Chaozhao
Published: November 2023

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a heterogeneous tumor with different genetic and molecular alterations. Schemes for ccRCC classification system based on multiomics are urgent, to promote further biological insights. Two hundred and fifty‐five ccRCC patients with paired data of clinical information, transcriptome expression profiles, copy number alterations, DNA methylation, and somatic mutations were collected for identification. Bioinformatic analyses were performed based on our team's recently developed R package “MOVICS.” With 10 state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, we identified the multiomics subtypes (MoSs) for ccRCC patients. MoS1 is an immune exhausted subtype, presented the poorest prognosis, and might be caused by an exhausted immune microenvironment, activated hypoxia features, but can benefit from PI3K/AKT inhibitors. MoS2 is an immune “cold” subtype, which represented more mutation of VHL and PBRM1, favorable prognosis, and is more suitable for sunitinib therapy. MoS3 is the immune “hot” subtype, and can benefit from the anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. We successfully verified the different molecular features of the three MoSs in external cohorts GSE22541, GSE40435, and GSE53573. Patients that received Nivolumab therapy helped us to confirm that MoS3 is suitable for anti‐PD‐1 therapy. E‐MTAB‐3267 cohort also supported the fact that MoS2 patients can respond more to sunitinib treatment. We also confirm that SETD2 is a tumor suppressor in ccRCC, along with the decreased SETD2 protein level in advanced tumor stage, and knock‐down of SETD2 leads to the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In summary, we provide novel insights into ccRCC molecular subtypes based on robust clustering algorithms via multiomics data, and encourage future precise treatment of ccRCC patients.
Allocholic acid protects against α‐naphthylisothiocyanate‐induced cholestasis in mice by ameliorating disordered bile acid homeostasis
Authors: Han Xue , Lin Chuyi , Liu Huijie , Li Shan , Hu Bei , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2023

Cholestasis is a pathological condition characterized by disruptions in bile flow, leading to the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) in hepatocytes. Allocholic acid (ACA), a unique fetal BA known for its potent choleretic effects, reappears during liver regeneration and carcinogenesis. In this research, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of ACA against mice with cholestasis brought on by α‐naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT). To achieve this, we combined network pharmacology, targeted BA metabolomics, and molecular biology approaches. The results demonstrated that ACA treatment effectively reduced levels of serum AST, ALP, and DBIL, and ameliorated the pathological injury caused by cholestasis. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that ACA primarily regulated BA and salt transport, along with the signaling pathway associated with bile secretion, to improve cholestasis. Subsequently, we examined changes in BA metabolism using UPLC‐MS/MS. The findings indicated that ACA pretreatment induced alterations in the size, distribution, and composition of the liver BA pool. Specifically, it reduced the excessive accumulation of BAs, especially cholic acid (CA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and β‐muricholic acid (β‐MCA), facilitating the restoration of BA homeostasis. Furthermore, ACA pretreatment significantly downregulated the expression of hepatic BA synthase Cyp8b1, while enhancing the expression of hepatic efflux transporter Mrp4, as well as the renal efflux transporters Mdr1 and Mrp2. These changes collectively contributed to improved BA efflux from the liver and enhanced renal elimination of BAs. In conclusion, ACA demonstrated its potential to ameliorate ANIT‐induced liver damage by inhibiting BA synthesis and promoting both BA efflux and renal elimination pathways, thus, restoring BA homeostasis.
The interaction and mediation effects between the host genetic factors and Epstein–Barr virus VCA‐IgA in the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Diao Hua , Xue Wen‐Qiong , Wang Tong‐Min , Yang Da‐Wei , Deng Chang‐Mi , Li Dan‐Hua , Zhang Wen‐Li , Liao Ying , Wu Yan‐Xia , Chen Xue‐Yin , Zhou Ting , Li Xi‐Zhao , Zhang Pei‐Fen , Zheng Xiao‐Hui , Zhang Shao‐Dan , Hu Ye‐Zhu , Cao Su‐Mei , Liu Qing , Ye Wei‐Min , He Yong‐Qiao , Jia Wei‐Hua
Published: November 2023

Previous studies have demonstrated strong associations between host genetic factors and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) VCA‐IgA with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the specific interplay between host genetics and EBV VCA‐IgA on NPC risk is not well understood. In this two‐stage case–control study (N = 4804), we utilized interaction and mediation analysis to investigate the interplay between host genetics (genome‐wide association study‐derived polygenic risk score [PRS]) and EBV VCA‐IgA antibody level in the NPC risk. We employed a four‐way decomposition analysis to assess the extent to which the genetic effect on NPC risk is mediated by or interacts with EBV VCA‐IgA. We consistently found a significant interaction between the PRS and EBV VCA‐IgA on NPC risk (discovery population: synergy index [SI] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.85–3.10; replication population: SI = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.17–4.44; all pinteraction < 0.001). Moreover, the genetic variants included in the PRS demonstrated similar interactions with EBV VCA‐IgA antibody. We also observed an obvious dose–response relationship between the PRS and EBV VCA‐IgA antibody on NPC risk (all ptrend < 0.001). Furthermore, our decomposition analysis revealed that a substantial proportion (approximately 90%) of the genetic effects on NPC risk could be attributed to host genetic‐EBV interaction, while the risk effects mediated by EBV VCA‐IgA antibody were weak and statistically insignificant. Our study provides compelling evidence for an interaction between host genetics and EBV VCA‐IgA antibody in the development of NPC. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing measures to control EBV infection as a crucial strategy for effectively preventing NPC, particularly in individuals at high genetic risk.
Stem size and stem alignment affects periprosthetic fracture risk and primary stability in cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Konow Tobias , Glismann Katja , Lampe Frank , Ondruschka Benjamin , Morlock Michael M. , Huber Gerd
Published: November 2023

The ideal stem size and stem position is important for the success of total hip arthroplasty, since it can affect early implant loosening and periprosthetic fractures (PPF). This study aimed to investigate how small deviations from the ideal stem size and position influences the PPF risk and primary stability. Six experienced surgeons performed preoperative templating based on which the benchmark size for each femur was determined. Consecutive implantations were performed in six cadaveric femur pairs—one side was implanted with an undersized stem followed by the benchmark size and the contralateral side with a benchmark size followed by an oversized stem (Corail, Depuy Synthes). Moreover, three different alignments (six varus, six neutral, six valgus‐undersized) were compared using 18 femurs. Cortical strains during broaching and implantation were measured, and laser scans were used to determine final stem position. All specimens underwent dynamic loading. Primary stability was estimated from stem subsidence and pull‐out forces. Templated stem size varied between surgeons (±1 size; p = 0.005). Undersizing increased stem subsidence by 320% (p < 0.001). Oversized stems exhibited 52% higher pull‐out forces (p = 0.001) and 240% higher cortical strains (p = 0.056). Cortex strains increased with varus alignment (R2 = 0.356, p = 0.011) while primary stability decreased with valgus stem alignment (p = 0.043). Surgeons should be aware that small deviations from the ideal stem size and malalignments of the stem can significantly alter the mechanical situation and affect the success of their surgery.
The stability of Staphylococcal bacteriophages with commonly used prosthetic joint infection lavage solutions
Authors: Doub James B. , Fogel Jessa , Urish Ken L.
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the viability of four Staphylococcal bacteriophages when exposed to different concentrations of commonly used lavage solutions in the surgical treatment of prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Four tailed Staphylococcal bacteriophages and six different lavage solutions (chlorhexidine 4%, hydrogen peroxide 3%, acetic acid 3%, povidone iodine 10%, sodium hypochlorite 0.5%, and Vashe solution) at 100%, 1%, and 0.01% concentrations were used in this experiment. In addition, the temporal impact of exposing bacteriophages to these lavage solutions was also evaluated at 5‐min exposures and 24‐h exposures. The results show that the titers of the four bacteriophages were statistically significantly decreased for all lavage solutions (100% and 1%) at 5‐min exposures and 24‐h exposures. However, with 0.01% concentrations of the lavage solutions, only acetic acid caused a statistically significant decrease in bacteriophage titers compared to normal saline control. Our findings suggest that tailed Staphylococcal bacteriophages do not remain stable in high concentrations of the most commonly used lavage solutions. However, at very dilute concentrations the bacteriophages do remain viable. This has important clinical ramifications in that it shows when using bacteriophage therapy for PJI it is critical to thoroughly wash out any lavage solutions before the introduction of therapeutic bacteriophages especially when acetic acid is used.
Histological and biophysical changes of cassava roots during retting, a key step of fufu processing
Authors: Wakem Germaine‐Alice , Tonfack Libert Brice , Youmbi Emmanuel , Fotso‐Kuate Apollin , Masso Cargele , Fiaboe Komi K. M. , Ndango Rose , Tizé Isaac , Grabulos Joel , Dufour Dominique , Ndjouenkeu Robert , Mbéguié‐A‐Mbéguié Didier
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Retting is a key step of cassava processing into widely consumed foods (fufu, chikwangue, miondo and bobolo) in sub‐Saharan Africa. For some populations, retting ability is a major quality criterion that drives the adoption of new cassava varieties. Despite this importance, the physiological basis associated with this process remains poorly understood, and should lead to improved screening tools for breeding. Eight cassava varieties contrasting in retting ability properties were used in the present study. Roots and soaking water were sampled during retting and characterized at both histological and biochemical levels.

RESULTS

Histological data highlighted the degradation of root cell wall during retting. The average pH of soaking water decreased from 5.94 to 4.31 and the average simple sugars decreased from 0.18 to 0 g L−1, whereas the organic acids increased up to 5.61 g L−1. In roots tissue, simple sugars and organic acid contents decreased from 22.9 to 0 g kg−1 and from 80 to 0 g kg−1, respectively. The total pectin content of roots among varieties at harvest was similar, and decreased during the retting process. Overall, there was a negative correlation between total pectins content and root softening, although this did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION

Major histological and biochemical changes occurred during cassava root retting, with some of them associated with the process. Retting affected starch pasting properties more than starch content. Although this process is characterized by root softening and degradation of cell wall structure, the present study strongly suggested that pectin is not the only cell wall component involved in these changes. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Scoping Review of Surgical Rehabilitation of Post Intubation Phonatory Insufficiency
Authors: Ferraro Ellen L. , Blunck Conrad K. , Benninger Michael S. , Lorenz Robert R. , Nelson Rebecca Chota , Tierney William S. , Bryson Paul C.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Post intubation phonatory insufficiency (PIPI) or posterior glottic diastasis describes posterior glottic insufficiency (PGI) caused by prolonged intubation causing medial arytenoid ulceration, mucosal scarring, and incomplete cricoarytenoid joint adduction. The purpose of this review is to showcase diagnostic findings, surgical rehabilitation, and gaps in our treatment algorithm of PIPI.

Data Sources

Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science.

Review Methods

Two independent reviewers completed a systematic search of the literature studying PIPI. Reported intubation history, laryngeal defect, clinical symptoms, surgical intervention, and outcomes were gathered from included studies.

Results

Nine studies met our inclusion criteria for full review, (45 patients) all of which were case reports/series. All patients had posterior glottic defects, most commonly loss of medial arytenoid tissue, causing varying degrees of PGI. Eleven patients had vocal fold (VF) immobility or hypomobility. Treatment interventions were observation (1), speech therapy (2), VF or posterior glottic injection augmentation (15), medialization laryngoplasty (4), arytenoid repositioning (6), endoscopic (19) or open (3) posterior cricoid reduction, local mucosal rotation flap (11), or free mucosal graft (2) to fill the glottic defect. Observation, voice therapy, and augmentation or type 1 laryngoplasty failed to improve symptoms. Other surgical techniques improved symptoms with varying outcomes.

Conclusion

PIPI is a difficult injury to diagnosis and treat. Conservative measures and augmentation/laryngoplasty often fail to fix the PGI. Our review supports symptom improvement with reconstruction of the posterior glottic defect with cricoid reduction or mucosal grafts. Future investigation is needed to better define the diagnosis and successful treatment algorithm. Laryngoscope, 134:2048–2058, 2024
A novel framework to integrate cropland quantity and quality from pixel to county level: Implications for requisition–compensation balance of farmland policy in China
Authors: Hu Qiong , Chen Yunping , Hu Jie , Cai Zhiwen , Wang Zhen , Yin Gaofei , Xu Baodong
Published: November 2023

Cropland quantity and quality are two important indicators for determining agricultural production. However, few studies integrate them at the pixel level for a comprehensive assessment of food production potential. Consequently, it is hard to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of China's Requisition–Compensation Balance of Farmland (RCBF) policy, which requires balances in cropland quality and quantity for land exploitation. Here, we presented a novel framework to assess the impacts of cropland change on food production potential by combining cropland quantity and quality from pixel to county level. The cropland quantity was defined as cropland gain or loss calculated by 30‐m land cover datasets, while cropland quality was characterized by the integration of climate, terrain, and soil factors using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Then, nine distinct patterns, reflecting the interdependence between changed cropland area and production potential, were identified to represent the implementation effectiveness of RCBF policy for each county. Results showed cropland area decreased by 1.85% during 2005–2015 in Hubei Province, which mainly occurred in regions with moisture climate and very flat terrain. A majority of croplands with the best soil fertility remained relatively stable during this period. The pattern “more occupation than compensation” was the dominant way of implementing RCBF in Hubei. Four counties positively responded to RCBF, for which the compensatory croplands had superior quality than occupied croplands. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate the impacts of cropland change on agricultural production potential, which provides valuable insights for researchers and decision‐makers to strengthen practices and improve policies for land reclamation and consolidation.
A descriptive analysis of otolaryngology presence on the social media platform TikTok
Authors: Olsson Sofia Eva , Schmitz Jonah Francis , Huang Alice Elaine , Murray Alan Douglas
Published: November 2023

Objective

In recent years, the video sharing app TikTok has become a new venue for health care providers and medical educators. Research on health care information within the app has primarily focused on cosmetic and plastic surgery content. TikTok could potentially be a tool used to educate the public on otolaryngology‐related topics. This study is the first to analyze the quality and quantity of otolaryngology‐related TikTok content.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of TikTok accounts using otolaryngology‐related hashtags within the preceding 6 months was conducted on February 4, 2023. Deductive qualitative analysis was performed between two coders to identify themes of the accounts and their content.

Results

A total of 47 accounts were selected for analysis. Facial plastic surgery was the most represented specialty (n = 20; 43%) and pediatric otolaryngology the least represented (n = 1; 2%). Content posted was primarily educational in nature (n = 30; 64%) and 66% (n = 31) of content creators advertised contact information in their account biography. The majority of accounts were in English (n = 30; 64%) and originated in the United States (n = 30; 64%). More accounts were run by male (n = 29; 62%) than female content creators.

Conclusion

Otolaryngology is a broad specialty with unequal representation of the related subspecialties on TikTok, a popular social media platform. The majority of current content focuses on patient education in facial plastic surgery. Future studies are warranted to examine the potential growth and impact of otolaryngology content on this video‐based platform.

Level of Evidence

2.
Graphene Oxides as Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Platforms Operating in Terahertz Frequency Range
Authors: Jun Seung Won , Yim Jong Hyuk , Park Ji‐Yong , Lee Soonil , Ahn Yeong Hwan
Published: November 2023

Epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) materials, with their unique light manipulation capabilities, have fascinating applications such as cloaking, super‐resolution imaging, energy harvesting, and sensing. Herein, free‐standing graphene oxide films are fabricated whose dielectric constant can be engineered by thermal reduction, resulting in ENZ characteristics at the transition between insulating and metallic phases. The ENZ frequency is found to be 0.4–0.5 THz under an annealing temperature of 200 °C, whereas another ENZ phase appeared at 360 °C. ENZ film can be transferred to curved metal surfaces, serving as superabsorbers that suppress wave reflection from underneath metal surfaces. Hyper‐resolution in nondestructive THz imaging is also possible, owing to superior beaming. Spatial resolution is improved two‐fold by adding the ENZ film, even when the metal pattern is enclosed by a paint layer. Lastly, hybrid sensors are developed by incorporating the meta‐pattern on the free‐standing ENZ substrate. The energy splitting of metamaterial resonance originating from the coupling with ENZ mode is observed. Hybridized devices have proven effective in detecting microorganisms with a low refractive index, owing to the unique dielectric configuration offered by ENZ material. Using the novel ENZ platform, a 15‐fold improvement in microbial sensitivity is achieved compared with the conventional sensors.
Blood‐derived product therapies for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID
Authors: Wu Junzheng , Yang Huichuan , Yu Ding , Yang Xiaoming
Published: November 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is capable of large‐scale transmission and has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Patients with COVID‐19 may experience persistent long‐term health issues, known as long COVID. Both acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID have resulted in persistent negative impacts on global public health. The effective application and development of blood‐derived products are important strategies to combat the serious damage caused by COVID‐19. Since the emergence of COVID‐19, various blood‐derived products that target or do not target SARS‐CoV‐2 have been investigated for therapeutic applications. SARS‐CoV‐2‐targeting blood‐derived products, including COVID‐19 convalescent plasma, COVID‐19 hyperimmune globulin, and recombinant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing immunoglobulin G, are virus‐targeting and can provide immediate control of viral infection in the short term. Non‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐targeting blood‐derived products, including intravenous immunoglobulin and human serum albumin exhibit anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticoagulatory properties. Rational use of these products can be beneficial to patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or long COVID. With evidence accumulated since the pandemic began, we here summarize the progress of blood‐derived product therapies for COVID‐19, discuss the effective methods and scenarios regarding these therapies, and provide guidance and suggestions for clinical treatment.
Delirium due to Trousseau syndrome treated with memantine and perospirone: A case report
Authors: Yamaguchi Junji , Hirayama Takatoshi , Sadahiro Ryoichi , Nakahara Rika , Matsuoka Hiromichi
Published: November 2023

Background

Trousseau syndrome is a hypercoagulability syndrome associated with cancer. It is known that delirium occasionally occurs after the onset of Trousseau syndrome. However, there have been no detailed reports about treatment for psychiatric symptoms of delirium associated with Trousseau syndrome.

Case Presentation

A 61‐year‐old man with lung cancer was hospitalized due to Trousseau syndrome. Delirium occurred after hospitalization and psychiatric symptoms worsened. Although haloperidol, risperidone, and chlorpromazine were used, severe insomnia persisted. After memantine (5 mg/day) was used with perospirone, the patient's psychiatric symptoms gradually decreased; he could sleep for 4–5 h at night. Due to psychiatric improvement, he was able to return home and resume immunotherapy for lung cancer as scheduled.

Conclusion

We report the first case of Trousseau syndrome delirium treated by memantine used with perospirone. Although further studies are needed, memantine and perospirone might be candidates for the management of psychiatric symptoms associated with Trousseau syndrome.
Population pharmacokinetic and exposure‐response analyses of pemigatinib in patients with advanced solid tumors including cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Gong Xiaohua , Akil Ayman , Ndi Andre , Ji Tao , Liu Xiang , Lovern Mark , Chen Xuejun
Published: November 2023

Pemigatinib is a selective, potent, oral inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1–3 with efficacy in patients with previously treated, advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with FGFR2 alterations. A previously developed population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of pemigatinib was refined using an updated dataset with 467 participants from seven clinical studies, including patients with CCA. Updated PK model parameters were used to evaluate the association between pemigatinib exposure and efficacy and safety. Pemigatinib PK was adequately described by a two‐compartment model with linear elimination and sequential zero‐ and first‐order absorption. The final model successfully minimized, had a successful covariance step, and showed unbiased goodness‐of‐fit. Estimated first‐order absorption rate constant and apparent clearance were 3.7/h and 10.7 L/h, respectively. Sex, baseline body weight, and concomitant use of phosphate binders, proton pump inhibitors, or histamine‐2 antagonists significantly impacted PK parameters; however, the impact of covariates on PK exposure was not clinically significant. Steady‐state pemigatinib exposure and mean change from baseline in serum phosphate concentration were associated with objective response rate in a bell‐shaped relationship and were significantly associated with increased hyperphosphatemia. Pemigatinib exposure was associated with treatment‐emergent adverse events, such as decreased appetite, nausea, and stomatitis, although the relationships were shallow. Overall, analyses indicate that 13.5 mg pemigatinib once daily in 21‐day cycles (2 weeks on, 1 week off) offers a favorable benefit–risk profile in patients with advanced/metastatic or surgically unresectable CCA and is the optimal dose for clinical development.
Kinetic Analysis for Steel Desulfurization during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Process
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Peng Kaiyu , Ren Ying
Published: November 2023

A kinetic model for the Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) desulfurization process is established based on the FactSage Macro Processing. The desulfurizer addition, the desulfurization reaction, the steel mixing, the flow circulation, and the desulfurizer floating during the RH refining process are considered in the model. Simulated results agree well measured results, indicating that the current model can be used to predict the desulfurization reactions during the RH refining process. The CaO activity increases with a higher CaO/Al2O3 ratio and a lower SiO2 content, which exhibits a similar tendency with the desulfurization ratio. It is indicated that it is necessary to increase the CaO activity in the desulfurizer to improve the desulfurization ratio. The S content in the molten steel decreases with time and a higher ratio of the powder blowing. The cost increases with time due to the refractory erosion and the steam consumption. The cost of the desulfurizer added by the powder blowing is lower than that of the gravity sinking.
HaploCatcher: An R package for prediction of haplotypes
Authors: Winn Zachary James , Hudson‐Arns Emily , Hammers Mikayla , DeWitt Noah , Lyerly Jeanette , Bai Guihua , St. Amand Paul , Nachappa Punya , Haley Scott , Mason Richard Esten
Published: November 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is crucial to global food security but is often threatened by diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. Wheat‐stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton) poses a major threat to food security in the United States, and solid‐stem varieties, which carry the stem‐solidness locus (Sst1), are the main source of genetic resistance against sawfly. Marker‐assisted selection uses molecular markers to identify lines possessing beneficial haplotypes, like that of the Sst1 locus. In this study, an R package titled “HaploCatcher” was developed to predict specific haplotypes of interest in genome‐wide genotyped lines. A training population of 1056 lines genotyped for the Sst1 locus, known to confer stem solidness, and genome‐wide markers was curated to make predictions of the Sst1 haplotypes for 292 lines from the Colorado State University wheat breeding program. Predicted Sst1 haplotypes were compared to marker‐derived haplotypes. Our results indicated that the training set was substantially predictive, with kappa scores of 0.83 for k‐nearest neighbors and 0.88 for random forest models. Forward validation on newly developed breeding lines demonstrated that a random forest model, trained on the total available training data, had comparable accuracy between forward and cross‐validation. Estimated group means of lines classified by haplotypes from PCR‐derived markers and predictive modeling did not significantly differ. The HaploCatcher package is freely available and may be utilized by breeding programs, using their own training populations, to predict haplotypes for whole‐genome sequenced early generation material.
Enhancing thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flammability of polyvinyl alcohol using amide‐functionalized hydrogel and zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hajibeygi Mohsen , Moradi Hesam , Vahabi Henri
Published: November 2023

New polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites containing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and a hydrogel were prepared by the solution casting method. ZnO nanoparticles grafted co‐polymer (Zn‐g‐CP) was synthesized through the reaction of ZnO nanoparticles with vinyltriethoxysilane and then the radical co‐polymerization with 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS). The amide functionalized hydrogel was prepared via an in situ polymerization of acrylamide and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker in a solution of PVA. The corresponding results indicated that the simultaneous presence of both Zn‐g‐CP and hydrogel could significantly increase flammability, thermal stability, and the tensile strength of PVA. The results of the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) indicated a uniform dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles and an enhanced compatibility with the PVA matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in both N2 and air atmospheres, indicated that the temperature at 50% mass loss and the char residue values of PVA nanocomposite containing 6 wt% of Zn‐g‐CP in the presence of hydrogel (PZH12 sample) were enhanced, which was evident by the increased thermal decomposition temperature. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR) value of the PZH12 sample was obtained 56.9% lower than that of the neat PVA demonstrating a significant improvement in flammability behavior. Also, the flame‐retardant performance of PZH12 improved, as compared to the pure PVA, with UL‐94 V1 rating and LOI of 27.2%. The tensile strength (Ts) and elongation at break (EB) values for the mentioned sample enhanced by 62.5% and 7.2% compared to those of the neat PVA, respectively.

Highlights

Preparation of vinyl functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (VZnO).

ZnO grafted co‐polymer (Zn‐g‐CP) from a radical polymerization on the VZnO surface.

Preparation of an amide‐sulfonated hydrogel in the PVA solution.

The effect investigation of hydrogel and Zn‐g‐CP on the PVA properties.

The results exhibited the enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PVA.
Theories of Growth, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Braunerhjelm Pontus , Henrekson Magnus
Published: November 2023

One of the most important—and most difficult—areas of research in economics concerns the mechanisms that cause higher growth and increased prosperity. Economists base their work on theoretical models that are expected to capture the complex relationships of real-world behavior. Policy conclusions are then derived from these simplified models. However, if a model is based on incorrect or over-simplified assumptions, these conclusions will likely prove to be just as flawed.
Conclusions: A Framework for Innovation Policy
Authors: Braunerhjelm Pontus , Henrekson Magnus
Published: November 2023

In the previous chapters, we have discussed the future challenges faced by the European welfare states, in particular Sweden. We have also presented the theoretical and empirical foundations for a restructuring of innovation policies in order to handle an uncertain and demanding future. The issue at stake is how well-equipped countries will cope with a novel competitive landscape, characterized by transformations to abate and adapt to climate change, escalating geopolitical tensions paired with an (as it seems) intensified use of state aid and subsidies, new digitized instruments, and the emergence of platform firms. Even though the world seems to have entered a stage of deglobalization, more and more countries have become integrated into the world economy over the last decades. Several of these countries are resolutely and systematically building up their knowledge bases, with a long-term perspective, increasing their innovation capacity and developing their business sectors. These changed circumstances make innovation imperative and warrant new and distinct policy strategies that strengthen the incentives to engage in risky, often experimental, endeavors to deal with these challenges.
Tactical Urbanism to Develop Cycling Infrastructures: The Implementation of COVID Cycle Lanes in Switzerland
Authors: Widmer Hannah , Guinard Noëlle , Rérat Patrick
Published: November 2023

After the first COVID-19 wave, the end of the first lockdown represented a window of opportunity to develop vélomobility and to reallocate car space. In this context, Geneva and Lausanne implemented new, pop-up cycle infrastructures that came to be known as ‘COVID cycle lanes’. While such processes were time-specific, local authorities seem to have learned new ways of intervening and experimenting with public spaces in terms of temporary urbanism. It is worth noting, however, that most other Swiss cities did not take such measures. First, this chapter analyses how and why Geneva and Lausanne played tactically with the legal framework in order to implement COVID cycle lanes. We identify the conditions that made such measures possible (urgency, the low quality of existing cycling infrastructures, ‘political champions’, and a desire to develop cycling). We then turn to the way the new cycle lanes were received, including oppositions (mainly from right-wing conservative milieus, car lobbyists, and retailers). Finally, we analyse the reasons for which other cities—such as Lucerne and Zurich—did not implement such measures, despite demands from some local organizations and politicians.
Towards the definition of assembly-oriented modular product architectures: a systematic review
Authors: Monetti Fabio Marco , Maffei Antonio
Published: November 2023

The success of a product in the market is largely defined by the quality of design decisions made during the early stages of development. The product design requires designers to balance multiple objectives such as functionality, cost, and user satisfaction, while addressing the challenges posed by increasing product variants and customization demands. To tackle these challenges, one approach is to structure a comprehensive model that incorporates design for assembly (DFA) guidelines during the formulation of product architecture in the conceptual phase of development. While numerous strategies have been proposed in the literature, information is often scattered, making it difficult for readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic. This paper systematically reviews the role and impact of DFA in product development, consolidating and presenting the information coherently. The review provides an overview of the methods developed, along with their potential benefits and limitations. A common framework is identified that defines the structure of the models, helping designers integrate assembly consideration into their design processes, thus reducing assembly time, cost, and complexity. The framework describes the operational setting, including the domain and context in which models operate, and offers a classification of possible methods and desired outputs. Additionally, the review identifies the industry in which case studies have been most frequently presented, and the software used to facilitate the process. By connecting with such a framework, future models can be created following a structured approach, and existing models can be classified and upgraded accordingly.
The abatement game in a dynamic oligopoly: social welfare versus profits
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Fanti Luciano , Gori Luca , Sodini Mauro
Published: November 2023

This article considers an N-firm oligopoly with abating and non-abating firms and analyses a dynamic setting in which the environmental regulator sets the tax rate to incentivise firms to undertake emission-reduction actions according to different hypotheses (fixed rule and optimal rule). The behaviour of the public authority sharply affects the firm’s (individual) incentive to move towards the abatement activity over time. This changes the number of (non)abating firms on the market and the corresponding social welfare outcomes. The article eventually shows that the environmental policy may cause oscillations resulting in a coexistence of the two types of firms in the long term and pinpoints the welfare outcomes emerging in the model.