bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressured to publish: stories of inexperienced researchers
Authors: Mertkan Sefika , Onurkan Aliusta Gulen , Bayrakli Hatice
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Implementation of research evaluation policies based on neoliberal orientations of performativity has transformed higher education institutions globally, reshaping academic work and the academic profession. Most lately, the mantra of “publish or no degree” has become the norm in many contexts. There has been little empirical research into the unintended consequences of this neoliberal academic performativity for inexperienced researchers. This article focuses on the role institutional research evaluation policies play on doctoral students and early-career doctoral graduates’ publication practices and on their decision to sometimes publish in journals with ethically “questionable” publishing standards in particular through the concept of figured worlds.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was conducted in a higher education setting employing a variety of research incentive schemes to boost research productivity where “publish or no degree” policy is the norm. It employs qualitative approach and involves in-depth interviews with nine doctoral students and seven early career academics who have been working part-time or full-time for five years following PhD completion.

Findings

Findings demonstrate publishing in journals with ethically “questionable” publishing standards is not always simply the result of naivety or inexperience. Some authors choose these journals in order to retain a sense of self-efficacy in the face of rejection by more highly ranked journals. Under institutional pressure to publish, they are socialized into this “shadow academia” through (existing) academic networks, conferences and journal special issues.

Originality/value

It is often assumed that scholars are trapped into “questionable” journals through the use of unsolicited emails. This paper challenges this assumption by demonstrating the crucial role research evaluation policies based on neoliberal orientations of performativity and contextual dynamics play on the publication practices of doctoral students and early-career doctoral graduates on their decision to submit to journals with “questionable” publication practices. It introduces the concept of unethical publication brokering, an informal network of ties promising fast and easy publication in outlets that “count”.
Social marketing: ready to help revolutionise marketing education
Authors: Harris Fiona
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore ways through which social marketing could help to revolutionise marketing education and argues that this change is needed now. The world is confronting a variety of serious challenges, including a global pandemic, an urgent climate emergency and overdue social transformations. Social marketing, with its far-sightedness, holistic systems thinking and genuine concern for the well-being of society and the environment, is ideally positioned to step forward to help accelerate the transformation of marketing education for the next generation of marketers.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is conceptual and is informed by the literature on social marketing over its 50 years history, supplemented by the wider marketing literature. A SWOT analysis is used to analyse the proposed transformation of marketing education.

Findings

Six strengths are proposed by which social marketing can help to revolutionise marketing education, identified under the acronym COHERE: collaboration with a diversity of disciplines and stakeholders; openness to sharing knowledge, experience and detailed case studies; a holistic approach with a longer time horizon; engaging authentically with the social good; research that breaks new ground in theory and practice; and ethics embedded at its core.

Practical implications

The opportunities to help revolutionise marketing education offered through these strengths are explored, the weaknesses and threats acknowledged and the implications for marketing and social marketing analysed.

Originality/value

This paper proposes how (through the six identified strengths) and when (now) social marketing can help revolutionise marketing education, by adopting a dual lens of social and commercial marketing.
Perceived organizational support and work engagement: the role of psychosocial variables
Authors: Bonaiuto Flavia , Fantinelli Stefania , Milani Alessandro , Cortini Michela , Vitiello Marco Cristian , Bonaiuto Marino
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to test the role that organizational sociopsychological variables may play in influencing job stress and work engagement in an organizational identity change scenario.

Design/methodology/approach

On a sample of 118 employees of an Italian company in the personnel training services sector, multivariate statistical analysis tests a pattern where organizational variables such as work support (by supervisors and coworkers, independent variables) – moderated by corporate identification (moderating variable) – and mediated by organizational trust (mediating variable) – boosts employee work engagement and lowers psychosocial risks (dependent variables).

Findings

The mediating effect of “organizational trust” is significant in the relationships of “supervisor social support” and “coworker social support” with the “absence of psychosocial risks.” Moreover, an increase in supervisor social support can lead to a statistically significant increase in work engagement. This occurs only for employees with low or medium identification and not in highly identified individuals.

Originality/value

The findings from the analysis on moderation are of primary importance because they show us a new perspective that can play the role of a guiding and practical principle on how to act on an organization’s human resources, specifically targeting those with lower or medium corporate identification.
Who is saving and how much? New evidence from Brazil
Authors: Bernardelli Luan Vinicius , Plassa Wander , Paschoalino Pietro Andre Telatin
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the economic and social factors that influence individual savings in Brazil based on the life cycle hypothesis (LCH).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use data sourced from 2017 to 2018 Household Budget Surveys to analyse the individual savings of Brazilian aged from 18 to 80.

Findings

Using a conventional logistic regression model, results of this study suggest that several demographic characteristics, such as education, economic and social factors, influence individual savings in Brazil. For instance, this paper finds a non-linear relationship between age and individual savings, following LCH concepts.

Originality value

These data provide us with a unique opportunity to investigate the determinants of individual savings in Brazil. In examining this question, this study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence to help the current political debate about the Brazilian social security system. Against this background, social policies should be designed to promote savings, especially in groups with a lower likelihood of savings.
Women's entrepreneurship at an older age: women linguists' hybrid careers
Authors: Römer-Paakkanen Tarja , Takanen-Körperich Pirjo
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study investigates how older women linguists' careers developed and led to self-employment, and this not necessarily in a linear career stage fashion. The focus is on understanding the factors that influence older women to become or continue into an entrepreneurship lifestyle, beyond economic reasons.

Design/methodology/approach

The research questions that guided this research are: (1) How have women linguists' careers developed at older or older old age? and (2) Which factors influenced women linguists' decision to become or continue as self-employed at older or older old age? This study is based on semi-structure interviews and short narratives written by ten informants about their late-career motivations and decisions. To get a holistic view of career development of women linguistics at an older age, the approach adopted in this study is explorative and interpretive, where the theoretical perspective supporting this approach derives mainly from career and wellbeing theories.

Findings

The authors’ findings signal that these self-employed older women's careers develop along parallel, explorative or expertise directions. The factors which appear to influence these women's decision to continue their careers as entrepreneurs include economic reasons (having), clearly. They also importantly point to other themes surrounding wellbeing including social relations (loving), self-realization and lifelong learning (being), entrepreneurship as a life style (acting) and meaningful extension of one's career (belonging).

Originality/value

This paper discusses how older women entrepreneurs may experience wellbeing and careers integrated together. It challenges the common notion of “career” as a one-time, linear “choice”, and instead shows how older women's entrepreneurship is a complex phenomenon.
Community makers: report on developing an online toolkit for supporting people with dementia to connect during the pandemic and beyond
Authors: Evans Shirley , Harrison Matthew , Morgan Natasha , Kilkenny Cat , Morton Thomas
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Community Makers (https://communitymakers.co) is an active UK wide network that evolved rapidly in response to COVID-19 and the negative impact of social isolation and distancing on people and families affected by dementia. The network is led by the Alzheimer’s Society, UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre and The Association for Dementia Studies, at the University of Worcester. This study aims to investigate what works for whom and why and in what circumstances as a basis for the development of an online toolkit for people supporting people affected by dementia to connect and reconnect during the pandemic and beyond.

Design/methodology/approach

The development of the toolkit was informed by an iterative approach of engagement with people affected by dementia, learning from a network of community organisations and a rapid realist literature review.

Findings

Four common factors that combine to make a successful support intervention, regardless of its type, size or location were identified: relationships, purpose, technology and community. The application of the factors, adopted as principles, is illustrated by applying them to three real-world examples.

Social implications

The main output was the online tool kit, which is a resource of creative ideas to inspire groups with different approaches to digital involvement and help reduce social isolation.

Originality/value

This report offers new insight, based on identification of four principles, into how people affected by dementia can be supported online and offline during a pandemic and beyond.
Physical health, access to health services and quality of life of older Thai adults working in fruit orchards
Authors: Nanthamongkolchai Sutham , Tanta-Au Supaporn , Taechaboonsermsak Pimsurang , Suksatan Wanich
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Improving people’s quality of life (QoL) has become a prominent policy goal. However, nothing is known about how QoL evolves as people age, especially for those working in fruit orchards. This study aims to determine the associations of physical health and access to health services with QoL, and the factors predicting the QoL of older Thai adults working in fruit orchards.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 adults aged 60–69 years recruited through stratified random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires. The collected data were then analyzed using the Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Findings

It was found that the study participants were generally physically healthy (36.5% at the “good” level and 56.5.5% at the moderate level) and generally had access to health services when they were most ill (78.2% at the “good” level and 21.8% at the moderate level). The overall QoL was good for 56.3% of the participants. The factors associated with and predicting the QoL of the participants were found to be social support, self-esteem and access to health services (p < 0.05), which were found to be capable of predicting the QoL of the participants with 35.1% accuracy.

Originality/value

On the basis of this study’s findings, it is suggested that agencies providing care for older adults organize activities to promote the good health and self-esteem of older adults, obtain social support for them and provide them with convenient access to health-care facilities to improve their QoL.
The response of sub‐adult savanna trees to six successive annual fires: An experimental field study on the role of fire season
Authors: N’Dri Aya Brigitte , Kpangba Koffi Prosper , Werner Patricia A. , Koffi Kouamé Fulgence , Bakayoko Adama
Published: March 2022

In mesic savannas worldwide, trees experience frequent fires, almost all set by humans. Management fires are set to reduce or enhance tree cover. Success depends greatly on responses of sub‐adult trees to such fires. To date, the number of successive years that sub‐adult trees can resprout nor the number of years that they must resist being top‐killed by successive fires, nor the requisite height, have been reported.

In a 6‐year experimental field study in Guinean savannas of West Africa, we monitored annually the heights and responses of 1,765 permanently tagged sub‐adult trees under annual fires set in three different periods of the long dry season: early‐dry season (EDS), mid‐dry season (MDS) and late‐dry season (LDS). Annual MDS fires are the common local management protocols of Guinean savannas, although EDS fires are common in some of the savannas.

Results showed that overall, the proportion of sub‐adults that resisted being top‐killed differed across fire seasons. Furthermore, resisting one fire gave a better chance of resisting the next. Only sub‐adults that were able to resist direct damage for three successive EDS and MDS fires reached sufficient height to be recruited to the adult stage. Resistance height (avoiding topkill) was ∼1 m for EDS and ∼2 m for both MDS and LDS fires. Recruitment height (threshold for transition to adult stage) was ∼3 m for EDS and ∼ 3.3 m for MDS fires. No height was great enough for sub‐adult trees to be recruited to adult stages in LDS fire.

Synthesis and applications. The results of this novel field study showed clearly that successive early‐ and mi‐dry season fires can enhance tree density and that successive late‐dry season fires alone reduce tree density in Guinean savannas due to the effects of successive fires on sub‐adult trees. The results suggest that a planned regime of these seasons of fire could be used to maintain the desired tree density in Guinean savannas and may inform fire management in other mesic savannas where goals are to increase or decrease tree densities. It also provides relevant information for comparative studies on the mechanisms of recruitment of sub‐adult trees to an adult stage in all mesic savannas, a process that ultimately determines savanna physiognomy.
‘Learning in and out of lockdown’: A comparison of two groups of undergraduate occupational therapy students' engagement in online‐only and blended education approaches during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brown Ted , Robinson Luke , Gledhill Kate , Yu Mong‐Lin , Isbel Stephen , Greber Craig , Parsons Dave , Etherington Jamie
Published: March 2022

Introduction

In many countries, the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in sudden changes to the delivery of health professions education in response to local and national lockdowns. Within occupational therapy, university education programs traditionally delivered in face‐to‐face classroom, and clinical settings, the transition to online learning presented unique issues and challenges for faculty and students. This study compared the experiences and perceptions of learning in two groups of occupational therapy students during the pandemic: one group converted to online learning only and the other had a blended approach that combined face‐to‐face on‐campus learning with some online lecture content delivery.

Methods

Two hundred and eight (n = 208) undergraduate occupational therapy students from three Australian universities completed an online self‐report demographic questionnaire and two standardised instruments: the Student Engagement in the e‐Learning Environment Scale and the Distance Education Learning Environment Scale. An independent‐samples t test with bootstrapping was completed to examine differences in students' scores.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed between the online and blended learning groups across a range of the SELES and DELES subscales. The strongest findings related to psychological motivation (p = 0.001), personal relevance (p = 0.001), interactions with instructors (p = 0.002), instructor support (p = 0.001), student interaction & collaboration (p = 0.001), and cognitive problem solving (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Occupational therapy students who transitioned to online‐only learning experienced higher levels of motivation, interactions with instructors and peers, and self‐directed learning than students who experienced a blended education delivery approach of face‐to‐face and online learning. The findings extend educators' understanding of the matrix of factors that have impacted students' education during COVID‐19 and support the development of contemporary and pedagogically sound online and traditional modes of occupational therapy instruction. The results provide evidence of the importance of well‐structured programs that facilitate active and flexible learning, provide meaningful and positive experiences, and promote initiatives safeguarding social and personal well‐being. Further research in this area is recommended.
Impact of the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model on patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Trombley Matthew J. , Joneydi Rayan , Buatti Louisa A. , Schneider Karen L. , Kummet Colleen M. , Morrall Ian
Published: March 2022

Objective

To determine whether the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, a mandatory episode‐based payment program for knee and hip replacement surgery, affected patient‐reported measures of quality.

Data Sources

Surveys of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries who had hip or knee replacement surgery, collected between July 2018 and March 2019, secondary Medicare administrative data, the Provider of Services file, CJR and Bundled Payments for Care Improvement participant lists from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the Area Health Resource Files.

Study Design

In 2018, participation in the CJR model was mandatory for nearly all hospitals in 34 randomly selected, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that had high historical Medicare payments for lower‐extremity joint replacements surgery. The control group included 47 high‐payment MSAs randomly assigned as controls. We estimated risk‐adjusted differences in self‐reported measures of functional status and pain, satisfaction with care, and caregiver help between respondents in CJR hospitals and respondents in hospitals located in the control group.

Data Collection

We selected a census of CJR patients and an equal number of control patients to survey. We fielded two waves of surveys using a mail and phone protocol, yielding 8433 CJR and 9014 control respondents.

Principal Findings

CJR respondents were slightly more likely to depend on caregivers for certain activities of daily living when they got home (either directly from the hospital or after an institutional post‐acute care stay). On a 100‐point scale, differences ranged from −2.6 points (p < 0.01) for help needed bathing to −1.7 points (p < 0.05) for help needed using the toilet. However, differences in eight measures of self‐reported functional status approximately 90–120 days after hospital discharge were not statistically significant, ranging from −1.1% (p = 0.087) to 0.7% (p = 0.437).

Conclusions

CJR did not harm patient health or affect patient satisfaction on average but did increase reliance on caregivers during recovery.
Dietitians Australia position statement on healthy and sustainable diets
Authors: Barbour Liza , Bicknell Ellyn , Brimblecombe Julie , Carino Stefanie , Fairweather Molly , Lawrence Mark , Slattery Juliet , Woods Julie , World Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

It is the position of Dietitians Australia that to promote human and planetary health, a food system transformation is needed that enables the population to adopt healthy and sustainable diet‐related practices. A healthy and sustainable diet must (i) be nutritionally adequate, healthy and safe, (ii) have low environmental impact and be protective of natural resources and biodiversity, (iii) be culturally acceptable and (iv) be accessible, economically fair and affordable. Dietitians Australia acknowledges that it is critical to prioritise Indigenous knowledges in consultation, policy‐making and implementation processes to achieve these recommendations. In facilitating the uptake of healthy and sustainable diets, dietitians are contributing to the transformation of our current food system that is urgently required to nourish present and future generations within planetary boundaries. In developing this position statement, opportunities for future research have been identified including those to advance the professions' capacity to improve environmental sustainability outcomes across all areas of practice. To achieve a population‐level shift towards this diet, Dietitians Australia recommends: (i) the development of a National Food and Nutrition Strategy which honours Indigenous knowledges on food systems, (ii) the integration of sustainability principles in Australia's dietary guidelines, (iii) the reorientation of our food environment to prioritise access to healthy and sustainable foods, and (iv) investment in capacity building activities to equip the current and future nutrition and dietetics workforce.
High antimicrobial activity of lactoferricin‐expressing Bacillus subtilis strains
Authors: Lee Bing‐Chang , Tsai Jui‐Che , Hung Chun‐Wei , Lin Cheng‐Yung , Sheu Jin‐Chuan , Tsai Huai‐Jen
Published: March 2022

The lactoferricin expressed in Bacillus subtilis is relatively low in yield, making it hard to apply in industrial settings. We constructed a six tandem repeat of lactoferricin cDNA driven by promoter PtrnQ. After transformation, two transformants P245 and P263 possessing a stable inheritance of plasmid and high expression of lactoferricin were selected. The bactericidal activities, 1 μl of aliquot of a total 5.5 ml of solution extracted from 5 ml of cultured P245 and P263, were equivalent to the efficacy of 238.25 and 322.7 ng of Ampicillin against Escherichia coli, respectively, and 366.4 and 452.52 ng of Ampicillin against Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively. These extracts were able to kill an Ampicillin‐resistant E. coli strain. The bactericidal activities of P245 and P263 equivalent to the efficacy of Tetracycline against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus were also determined. Moreover, the bactericidal activities of P245 and P263 were 168.04 and 249.94 ng of Ampicillin against Edwardsiella tarda, respectively, and 219.7 and 252.43 ng of Tetracycline against Streptococcus iniae respectively. Interestingly, the survival rate of E. tarda‐infected tilapia fry fed the P263 extract displayed a significantly greater than that of the fry‐fed control strain. Collectively, these B. subtilis transgenic strains are highly promising for use in animal husbandry during a disease outbreak.
Part 2: Imaging findings of uncommon but important immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related adverse effects
Authors: Noë Geertje , Cardin Anthony , Lasocki Arian
Published: March 2022

Oncology care has significantly changed with the emergence of immunotherapy agents, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This has had an immediate effect on imaging, with different radiological tumour responses to treatment compared with conventional chemotherapies, and novel imaging findings due to complications caused by these agents (referred to as immune‐related adverse effects, irAEs). Some of the more common irAEs may be familiar, but as the use of ICIs increases to a wider variety of cancers, these complications, and in particular, the less common irAEs, will be encountered more frequently on imaging. It will be increasingly important to be familiar with these uncommon irAEs, particularly since they can be difficult to recognise and distinguish from metastatic disease. The aim of this pictorial essay was to describe and illustrate imaging findings that may be encountered related to uncommon but important irAEs as a result of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Leukemia inhibitory factor is dysregulated in ankylosing spondylitis and contributes to bone formation
Authors: Kong Weiping , Tang Yulong , Tang Kunhai , Yan Zeran , Liu Ting , Tao Qingwen , Wang Jiucun , Liu Jing , Yan Xiaoping
Published: March 2022

Aim

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. However, the key inflammatory cytokines disrupted in this disease are not well defined. In this study, we performed protein array and multiple protein quantification to investigate the differentially expressed cytokines in plasma between AS patients and healthy subjects.

Method

In the discovery cohort, 5 AS patients who never underwent biologic therapy and 5 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the protein array analysis. Another 40 AS patients and 20 healthy participants were recruited in the validation stage. In addition, the messenger RNA and protein levels of osteogenesis‐related genes were quantified in hFOB1.19 cells in an in vitro osteoblast model.

Results

Of the 318 cytokines found to be differentially expressed by protein array, leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) was significantly increased in AS patients as compared to controls. The “signaling by interleukins” pathway was the most enriched pathway in AS patients, and “signaling by interleukins”‐related cytokines, including LIF, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐23, and IL‐31, were significantly differentially expressed in the validation stage. Additionally, we correlated the expression of LIF with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and inflammation of magnetic resonance imaging lesions in the spine (MRI‐SPINE) in AS patients. We further analyzed the effects of LIF in hFOB cells and found that LIF promoted the growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2 / phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase / runt‐related transcription factor 2 / alkaline phosphatase pathway at the protein level and activated several osteogenesis‐related genes (RUNX2 and BGLAP).

Conclusion

LIF was increased in the plasma of AS patients as compared with healthy subjects and significantly correlated with inflammation indices (CRP and MRI‐SPINE) in AS patients. Thus, LIF may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AS via promoting osteogenic differentiation.
Food web reconstruction through phylogenetic transfer of low‐rank network representation
Authors: Strydom Tanya , Bouskila Salomé , Banville Francis , Barros Ceres , Caron Dominique , Farrell Maxwell J. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Hemming Victoria , Mercier Benjamin , Pollock Laura J. , Runghen Rogini , Dalla Riva Giulio V. , Poisot Timothée
Published: March 2022

Despite their importance in many ecological processes, collecting data and information on ecological interactions is an exceedingly challenging task. For this reason, large parts of the world have a data deficit when it comes to species interactions and how the resulting networks are structured. As data collection alone is unlikely to be sufficient, community ecologists must adopt predictive methods.

We present a methodological framework that uses graph embedding and transfer learning to assemble a predicted list of trophic interactions of a species pool for which their interactions are unknown. Specifically, we ‘learn’ the information (latent traits) of species from a known interaction network and infer the latent traits of another species pool for which we have no a priori interaction data based on their phylogenetic relatedness to species from the known network. The latent traits can then be used to predict interactions and construct an interaction network.

Here we assembled a metaweb for Canadian mammals derived from interactions in the European food web, despite only 4% of common species being shared between the two locations. The results of the predictive model are compared against databases of recorded pairwise interactions, showing that we correctly recover 91% of known interactions.

The framework itself is robust even when the known network is incomplete or contains spurious interactions making it an ideal candidate as a tool for filling gaps when it comes to species interactions. We provide guidance on how this framework can be adapted by substituting some approaches or predictors in order to make it more generally applicable.
Wind dispersal of seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) contributes to its steady invasion and spread
Authors: Mao Runping , Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Campbell Shane , Adkins Stephen W.
Published: March 2022

Wind dispersal is considered to be a potentially important mode of spread for parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), an invasive Asteraceae herb of worldwide significance. However, empirical evidence of the role of wind dispersal on the seeds (achenes) of parthenium weed in natural landscapes is lacking. The results of a simulation study undertaken at a wind tunnel facility, Australia, indicated that the dispersal distance of parthenium weed achenes is largely determined by wind velocity (109–131% increase in distance where wind velocity is doubled) and plant release height (75–80% increase when release height is doubled). Glasshouse harvested achenes released from 1 m in height could travel up to 2 m under a 2 m s−1 wind velocity, with the majority of achenes reaching more than 1 m. Smaller‐sized achenes travelled 5% further than larger‐sized achenes. The terminal velocity was calculated to be 1.256 ± 0.006 m s−1, indicating a moderate wind dispersal ability for the weed. A complementary field study in Southeast Queensland, Australia, indicated that the cumulative wind velocity and wind direction, instead of the mean wind velocity, determined the direction of dispersal of the achenes. Further post‐dispersal surveys suggested the number of achenes outside of a standing population declined rapidly as distance from the population increased. Most achenes were dispersed less than 2 m from their parent plant, while the maximum distance achieved was less than 5 m under natural conditions in North Queensland. In conclusion, the natural wind dispersal of parthenium weed consists of small, but measurable increments each year, thus contributing to the weed proliferation and spread at the landscape scale level.
When does voluntary coordination work? Evidence from area‐wide pest management
Authors: Lence Sergio H. , Singerman Ariel
Published: March 2022

We introduce the “coordination frontier” (CF), a simple practical tool to assess the likelihood of success of voluntary coordination in situations where, ex ante, the collective action solution provides an appealing alternative (e.g., for pest and disease control). We demonstrate the value of information conveyed by the CF, explain how to construct the CF from experimental data, and show how to apply the CF in practice. We illustrate the concept with an application to data from a framed field economic experiment, which was designed to elicit the preferences of Florida's citrus growers regarding their willingness to coordinate actions to combat citrus greening disease. This is a highly relevant case study not only because of the significant impact caused by citrus greening on Florida's citrus industry but also because a voluntary area‐wide pest management program to control it had been established in 2010 and eventually failed; a similar program is now in place in California, where the disease spread is at an earlier stage. Had the CF been available in Florida, estimates of the (aggregate) chances of successful coordination could have been shared with growers to update their beliefs regarding the chances of successful coordination to help reduce strategic uncertainty. Policymakers in California could use the CF in such way and devise ways to encourage participation to increase the chances of reaching a desired coordination threshold.
Clinical evidence and insights supporting the use of avelumab first‐line maintenance treatment in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Eto Masatoshi , Lee Jae‐Lyun , Chang Yen‐Hwa , Gao Seasea , Singh Manmohan , Gurney Howard
Published: March 2022

Until recently, international and Asia‐specific guidelines for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) recommended first‐line (1L) platinum‐based chemotherapy, followed by second‐line (2L) anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy where possible, or 1L ICI therapy in cisplatin‐ineligible patients with PD‐L1+ tumors. However, long‐term outcomes remain poor and only a minority of patients receive 2L therapy. The JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial—which assessed avelumab (anti‐PD‐L1 antibody) as 1L maintenance therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone in patients with advanced UC that had not progressed with 1L platinum‐based chemotherapy—is the only phase 3 trial of ICI‐based treatment in the 1L setting to show significantly improved overall survival, and this treatment approach is now recommended in updated treatment guidelines. Available data from the trial suggest that efficacy and safety in patients enrolled in the Asia‐Pacific region were similar to findings in the overall population. In this review, we discuss the treatment of advanced UC, with a specific focus on studies in the Asia‐Pacific region, and summarize key findings supporting the use of avelumab 1L maintenance as a standard of care in this setting both in cisplatin‐eligible and cisplatin‐ineligible patients and irrespective of PD‐L1 status.
Deception in simulation‐based education: a randomised controlled trial of the effect of deliberate deception on the performance of anaesthesia trainees
Authors: Friedman Z. , Bould M. D. , Pattni N. , Malavade A. , Nakatani R. , Bansal S. , Alam F.
Published: March 2022

The use of deliberate deception in simulation allows for a level of realism that is not normally feasible. However, the use of deception is controversial, and carries the risk of psychological harm to learners. There are currently no quantitative data on the effect of deception on learner performance, making it difficult to judge its usefulness. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of deception on learners' performance during a life‐threatening scenario. In this simulation study, second‐year anaesthesia residents were randomly allocated into two groups: the non‐deception group was told that the participating consultant was acting a part, while the deception group was told that the consultant was a subject in the study. Learners then participated in a simulated crisis that presented them with situational opportunities to challenge the consultant regarding clearly wrong decisions. Two independent raters scored the performances using the modified advocacy‐inquiry scale. Forty‐four participants were analysed. The median (IQR [range]) highest scoring modified advocacy‐inquiry scale was 5.0 (4.5–5.1 [4.0–5.5]) for the non‐deception group and 4.0 (3.0–4.0 [2.5–5.0]) for the deception group, (p < 0.001), and the median total number of challenges per participant was 26.8 (21.0–31.1 [16.5–35.5]) and 18.0 (14.3–23.3 [7.0–33.0]), respectively (p = 0.001). Trainees exposed to deliberate deception, who thought that the consultant anaesthetist was a subject, had a less‐effective best challenge, likely mimicking real‐life behaviour. Deliberate deception appears to modify behaviour, particularly relating to communication involving hierarchical relationships. This technique may improve authenticity, especially with a steep power gradient, and so has demonstrable value which must be balanced against the ethical considerations.
Feeding the City and Making the Revolution: Women and Urban Agriculture in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
Authors: Camps‐Calvet Marta , Gorostiza Santiago , Saurí David
Published: March 2022

The everyday difficulties faced by working‐class women, including access to food, are aggravated in critical periods, such as wars and economic crises. However, the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) was accompanied by a revolution, in the Republican zones, where women opened spaces for their emancipation. By examining social reproduction practices surrounding food in Barcelona during the years 1936–1939, we contribute to critical research on food sovereignty in the urban contexts. Our core findings inform the role of women in food provision and production, through individual subsistence agriculture, involvement in Barcelona’s anarcho‐syndicalist agricultural collective, as well as in agriculture education and training programmes. Our research is based on original archival data, historical press and interviews with witnesses of the war. We conclude that revolutionary and transformative actions, including current food sovereignty practices, need to make gender justice a central goal.
Children aged 3–4 years were more likely to be given mobile devices for calming purposes if they had weaker overall executive functioning
Authors: Danet Marie , Miller Alison L. , Weeks Heidi M. , Kaciroti Niko , Radesky Jenny S.
Published: March 2022

Aim

Young children with weaker self‐regulation use more digital media, but studies have been limited by parent‐reported screen time measures. We examine associations between early childhood executive functioning and objective mobile device usage.

Methods

The parents of 368 American children (51.6% male) aged 3–4 years of age completed standardised measures of executive functioning, parenting stress and household chaos. They provided mobile sampling data for 1 week in 2018–2019 and reported how often the children used mobile devices to calm themselves.

Results

The children's mean age was about 3.8 years. A third of the children who were given devices to calm them down had weaker executive functioning in the overall and multivariable models, including working memory, planning and organisation. So did 39.7% of the children who used educational apps. Streaming videos, using age‐inappropriate apps and using the mobile device for more than1 h per day were not associated with executive functioning levels. Parenting stress and household chaos did not moderate the associations.

Conclusion

This study confirms previous studies that suggesting that children with weaker overall executive functioning used devices more for calming purposes. It also raises questions about whether children with weaker executive functioning should use educational apps.
Corporate sustainability crisis: Theoretical framework and stakeholder‐oriented typology
Authors: Grunwald Guido , Fischer Klaus
Published: March 2022

Research on corporate crises has yielded numerous, partly overlapping crisis concepts from the corporate perspective without adequately addressing the stakeholder perspective and sustainability and corporate social responsibility characteristics. This conceptual paper aims to develop a stakeholder‐oriented typology of corporate sustainability crises. For this purpose, conceptual gaps and requirements are identified, and a theoretical framework is developed from which stakeholder‐related typology criteria are derived. The typology developed differentiates between eight crisis types that are interrelated and can also develop dynamically over time. By including and delimiting various crises concepts within a uniform framework, this paper contributes to the further development of knowledge in this still underdeveloped research field. As a result, insights into the early identification and further development of crises can be gained, which is especially important for crisis managers. In addition, public policymakers and actors of nonstate governance are supported in assessing the prerequisites and potentials of companies and stakeholders as actors of nonstate governance in dealing with various types of corporate sustainability crises, thereby contributing to achieving sustainability goals.
One size does NOT fit all: Understanding differences in perceived organizational support during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Daniels Ruby A. , Miller Leslie A. , Mian Michael Zia , Black Stephanie
Published: March 2022

The COVID‐19 crisis forced organizations to radically rethink how to lead their workforce. Facing an unprecedented drop in consumer demand, business leaders struggled to balance staying financially solvent with the responsibility of supporting their employees during the crisis. Early surveys found many employees did not perceive their organizations communicated a clear plan of action; others questioned whether their employers cared about workers' health and safety. While researchers have examined perceived organizational support, studies are only now starting to examine workers' perceived support during a pandemic. The study used a mixed method design to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 949 workers during the COVID‐19 crisis. Results revealed employees working outside the home and furloughed workers perceived lower quality support than employees working remotely. While some employees recommended changes to create a safer work environment, others suggested more frequent communication and/or reassurance about job security/pay. The findings suggest leaders should recognize the nature of support workers need varies. Leaders should customize support to meet the needs of specific groups, especially essential employees working outside the home and furloughed workers. Beyond the pandemic, the results suggest organizational leaders should reexamine their approach to employee support to better prepare for future crises.
Responding to crisis: World War 2, COVID‐19, and the business school
Authors: Pattit Jason , Pattit Katherina
Published: March 2022

The COVID‐19 crisis will continue to have an immense impact on society, especially on the economic livelihood of ordinary people worldwide. Given the role of business schools in training managers to lead organizations and people across industry, the COVID‐19 crisis highlights a new opportunity to reflect on the purpose of the business school, which stakeholders it serves, and how it might evolve toward broader consideration and effective anticipation/response to pressing societal issues. Thus, we set out in this study to investigate these questions by examining the role that Harvard Business School played during World War 2, a crisis that also had an unprecedented impact on society. Based on this examination, we highlight the importance of flexibility and organizational innovation in times of crisis. We also discuss how the business school might expand its focus and its audience to consider broader societal issues, allowing it to better prepare students to serve society in the future, where the next crisis might be right around the corner.
Genomic analysis of familial pancreatic cancers and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abe Kodai , Kitago Minoru , Kosaki Kenjiro , Yamada Mamiko , Iwasaki Eisuke , Kawasaki Shintaro , Mizukami Keijiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Terao Chikashi , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: March 2022

Environmental and genetic factors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, which is likely to follow a multistep process that includes intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. The pathogenesis of familial pancreatic cancer has been reported; however, epidemiological characteristics and causative genes remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the family history of pancreatic cancer and tumor malignancy and identify novel susceptible germline variants of pancreatic cancer. We performed an epidemiologic study at our institute on a cohort of 668 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and 242 with pancreatic cancer but without associated intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm stratified by family history of pancreatic cancer. Whole‐exome sequencing was conducted for 10 patients from seven families with familial pancreatic cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. We found that patients who had intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with positive family history of pancreatic cancer within first‐degree relatives were more likely to develop malignancy in a shorter period than those without family history. Duplicate frameshift variants in TET2 c.3180dupG (p.Pro1061fs) and ASXL1 c.1934dupG (p.Gly646fs) in one family and POLN c.1194dupT (p.Glu399fs) in another were identified as pathogenic truncating germline variants which were previously recognised susceptibility genes. Moreover, PDIA2 c.1403C>T (p.Pro468Leu) and DPYSL4 c.926C>A (p.Pro309Gln) were shared in four and two patients, respectively. In particular, PDIA2 was identified as a novel candidate for one of the deleterious variants of familial pancreatic cancer.
Association of parenting behaviours and online risk‐taking in adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Dawson Anne E. , Wymbs Brian T. , DuPaul George J. , Evans Steven W.
Published: March 2022

This study explored the role of caregivers in promoting Internet safety among adolescents (n = 58; 13–16 years old) diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United States. Teen participants reported their cyberbullying and sexting behaviours and their parents’ knowledge and monitoring of their online activities; parent‐reported opposition‐defiant disorder symptoms were also collected. Teens reported their parents monitored their Internet behaviours in a variety of ways; however, the only variables associated with decreased online risk behaviours were the teens’ perception of their parents’ general knowledge of their online engagements. Parent‐reported teen oppositional behaviours did not alter results. Cultivating communicative parent–teen relationships may be the most beneficial strategy in promoting online safety.