bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave em Pernambuco: comparativo dos padrões antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Silva Amanda Priscila de Santana Cabral , Maia Lívia Teixeira de Souza , Souza Wayner Vieira de
Published: October 2020

Resumo Foi analisado o padrão da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) em Pernambuco antes e durante período pandêmico da COVID-19. Estudo ecológico, de janeiro a junho de 2015 a 2019 (período pré-pandemia) e 01 de janeiro a 15 de junho de 2020, período que contempla parte inicial da pandemia. Taxas de detecção por município e Regional de Saúde de residência foram calculadas e, por meio da razão de risco, a dinâmica espacial da SRAG foi estimada. Na pré-pandemia ocorreram 5.617 casos de SRAG, 187 casos/mês e 23,8 casos/100 mil hab. e, na pandemia, 15.100 casos, 2.516 casos/mês e 320,3 casos/100 mil hab., um aumento da detecção mensal em 13 vezes. Foi ampliada (p < 0,001) a ocorrência em idosos (de 7,7% para 48,3%), a coleta de amostras (de 60,9% para 96,5%) e a identificação do agente etiológico causador da SRAG, com predomínio da SRAG por COVID-19 (66,0%). Regiões do interior do estado tiveram razão de detecção de SRAG 20 vezes superior à esperada, sendo o excesso de risco associado a menor IDHM, a condição do município ser sede de Regional de Saúde e a presença de rodovia federal no território municipal. Conhecer a mudança do padrão da ocorrência da SRAG, aliada a análise espacial poderão contribuir para o planejamento de ações a curto e médio prazo nos diferentes níveis de gestão.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy in adult women and its relationship with exclusive maternal breastfeeding
Authors: Monteiro Juliana Cristina dos Santos , Guimarães Carolina Maria de Sá , Melo Luciana Camargo de Oliveira , Bonelli Marina Cortez Pereira
Published: October 2020

Objective: to analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy to breastfeed and sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal variables; between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and sociodemographic variables; and between the breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding at the intervals of 30, 60, and 180 days postpartum. Method: a longitudinal and prospective study conducted with 224 women. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form, and a questionnaire on breastfeeding and child feeding were used for collecting the data. Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were used for analysis. Results: there was no association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding identified at 30, 60, and 180 days. Self-efficacy was associated with the type of delivery and complications in the postpartum period. There was also an association between religion and exclusive breastfeeding 30 and 60 days postpartum, and assistance with baby care and exclusive breastfeeding at 60 days. Conclusion: It was identified that the type of delivery, complications in the postpartum period, religion, and assistance with baby care corroborate to increase maternal confidence in the ability to breastfeed.
Value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the diagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions
Authors: Carbonari Augusto , Rossini Lucio , Marioni Fabio , Camunha Marco , Saieg Mauro , Bernardi Fabiola , Maluf Fernando , Botter Marcio , Dorgan Vicente , Saad Roberto
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions. METHODS: Prospective cohort study that included 52 patients during a 2-year period (2016 to 2018) who underwent EBUS-TBNA. RESULTS: Among the 52 individuals submitted to the procedure, 22 (42.31%) patients were diagnosed with locally advanced lung cancer (N2 or N3 lymph node involvement). EBUS-TBNA confirmed the diagnosis of metastases from other extrathoracic tumors in the mediastinum or lung in 5 patients (9.61%), confirmed small cell lung cancer in 3 patients (5.76%), mediastinal sarcoidosis in 1 patient (1.92%), and reactive mediastinal lymph node in 8 patients (15.38%); insufficient results were found for 3 patients (5.76%). Based on these results, EBUS-TBNA avoided further subsequent surgical procedures in 39 of 52 patients (75%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 86%, 100%, 100%, 77%, and 90%, respectively. No major complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: EBUS-TBNA is a safe, effective, and valuable method. This technique can significantly reduce the rate of subsequent surgical procedures required for the diagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions.
Metabolic compromise in women with PCOS: earlier than expected
Authors: Lana Maria Perez , Demayo Sandra , Giannone Lorena , Nolting Manuel , D'isa Estela , Servetti Valeria , Rolo Guadalupe , Gutierrez Guillermo , Jarlip Mariana
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy with unknown pathophysiology among women of reproductive age. Several studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among PCOS patients. Recent studies have reported varied prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with PCOS. The aim of this study is to determine if women with PCOS are at a higher risk of MetS or some degree of metabolic compromise. METHODS: This is an observational study. A total of 96 women diagnosed with PCOS (according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria) were included. Variables of diagnostic criteria for MetS according to the ATP III were analyzed at the first consultation. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info™ 7.2.2.16. RESULTS: We assessed the prevalence of obesity, blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia in 96 women with PCOS and an average age of 28 (17-39) years. Forty percent of the women had BMI <25 kg/m2; 85.4% had blood pressure <130/85 mm Hg; 22.9% had HDL cholesterol >50 mg/dl, 57.3% had triglycerides <150 mg/dl, 63.5% had fasting glucose <100 mg/dl. According to the ATP III criteria for MetS, 8.33% met none of the criteria, 19.79% met one criterion, 15.63% two criteria, 41.67% 3 criteria, 13.54% 4 criteria, and 1.04% met the 5 criteria. CONCLUSION: Considering the high prevalence of MetS or altered metabolic components in PCOS patients at the moment of the diagnosis, its regular screening is necessary to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates in these women.
Hypophosphatemia and risk of refeeding syndrome in critically ill patients before and after nutritional therapy
Authors: Ribeiro Amanda Coelho , Dock-Nascimento Diana Borges , Silva Jr. João Manoel , Caporossi Cervantes , Aguilar-Nascimento José Eduardo de
Published: October 2020

Summary OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of hypophosphatemia as a marker of refeeding syndrome (RFS) before and after the start of nutritional therapy (NT) in critically ill patients. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including 917 adult patients admitted at the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Cuiabá-MT/Brasil. We assessed the frequency of hypophosphatemia (phosphorus <2.5mg/dl) as a risk marker for RFS. Serum phosphorus levels were measured and compared at admission (P1) and after the start of NT (P2). RESULTS: We observed a significant increase (36.3%) of hypophosphatemia and, consequently, a greater risk of RFS from P1 to P2 (25.6 vs 34.9%; p<0.001). After the start of NT, malnourished patients had a greater fall of serum phosphorus. Patients receiving NT had an approximately 1.5 times greater risk of developing RFS (OR= 1.44 95%CI 1.10-1,89; p= 0.01) when compared to those who received an oral diet. Parenteral nutrition was more associated with hypophosphatemia than either enteral nutrition (p=0,001) or parenteral nutrition supplemented with enteral nutrition (p=0,002). CONCLUSION: The frequency of critically ill patients with hypophosphatemia and at risk for RFS on admission is high and this risk increases after the start of NT, especially in malnourished patients and those receiving parenteral nutrition.
An estimate of the incidence and prevalence of laryngeal papillomatosis in São Paulo State (Brasil)
Authors: Mercuri Gustavo , Rodrigues Sérgio Augusto , Martins Regina Helena Garcia
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis, caused by the Human Papilloma Virus, has a significant economic impact worldwide and there are no epidemiological data of this disease in Brasil. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of laryngeal papillomatosis of some otorhinolaryngology centers in São Paulo State (Brasil). METHODS: A questionnaire containing data on the number of new and follow-up cases diagnosed with laryngeal papillomatosis was sent to the Otorhinolaryngology services (n=35) of São Paulo State (Brasil). RESULTS: A total of 20 otorhinolaryngology centers answered the questionnaire. Of these, the five largest regional health centers were selected as follows: Campinas (42 cities – 4,536,657 inhabitants), Sao Jose do Rio Preto (102 cities – 1,602,845 inhabitants), Ribeirão Preto (26 cities – 1,483,715 inhabitants), Bauru (68 cities – 1,770,427 inhabitants), and Sorocaba (47 cities – 2,478,208 inhabitants). The incidence and prevalence of each regional health centers were, respectively: Campinas (5.51;7.27), Sorocaba (2.02;6.86), São José do Rio Preto (1.87;7.49), Ribeirão Preto (11.46;22.92), and Bauru (3.95;7.91). CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence of the laryngeal papillomatosis of the five largest regional health centers of the interior of São Paulo State (Brasil) varied between 1.87 to 11.46 and 6.86 to 22.92 per 1,000,000 inhabitants, respectively for a total population of 11,871,852 inhabitants.
Morbidity and mortality due to surgical congenital malformations from the perspective of surgical neonatal ICU outside a maternity service: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oliva-Costa Sofia , Nahass Samir , Dourado Andréa , Lopes Selma
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients treated at a level III surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit outside of a maternity service and analyze possible risk factors for mortality in this population. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study evaluating patients admitted to a level III surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from June/2015 to November/2017. Univariate analysis was performed by the Chi-square test and T-student test or Mann-Whitney test. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression was performed including in the model the variables with a P-value <0.2 in univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-Rank test were performed using the variables that were statistically associated with death in the multivariate analysis. A significance level of a=5% and an error B=80% were adopted. RESULTS: During this period, 246 patients were admitted to this service. 58 (23.8%) patients died, with a mean time until death of 18 days. Half of the patients had a clinical diagnosis of sepsis (50.6%), blood culture was positive in 25.2%, and gram-positive bacteria (48.4%) were the main pathogens isolated. The variables that remained in the final model after multivariate analysis were diagnosis of congenital heart disease (OR = 4.5; p = 0.016), clinical diagnosis of sepsis (OR = 8.1; p = 0.000), and isolation of gram-positive bacteria in blood culture (OR = 3.9; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The level III surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit outside of a maternity service has a different profile of morbidity and mortality, and death was associated with the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, the clinical diagnosis of sepsis, and the isolation of gram-positive bacteria in the blood culture
Is the COVID-19 disease associated with de novo nephritic syndrome?
Authors: Dheir Hamad , Sipahi Savas , Yaylaci Selcuk , Genc Ahmed Cihad , Genc Fevziye Turkoglu , Genc Ahmed Bilal , Guçlu Ertugrul , Muratdagi Gurkan , Toptan Hande , Karabay Oguz
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the incidence of de novo nephritic syndrome (NS) in COVID-19 patients and identify its associated factors. METHODS: All ward patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were investigated. After determining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study population was identified. The urine dipstick test and urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) measurements were performed. Patients with de novo NS findings, nasopharyngeal swab, and urine RT-PCR tests were performed simultaneously RESULTS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 21 patients with COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 42.2±8.8 years, and 71.4% of them were male. The mean duration of follow-up was 28.4±9.3 days. The urine RT-PCR test was positive in one patient (4.8%). Improvements were observed in hematuria by 71.4%, and proteinuria by 85.7% at the end of the follow-up. A significant decrease in the measured UPCR was found in comparison to the baseline(P=0.000). Also, improvements were recorded in the complete blood counts, inflammatory parameters, ferritin, and coagulation tests, compared to the baseline. There was a positive correlation between baseline UPCR and ferritin, and a negative correlation between baseline UPCR and sodium values CONCLUSION: COVID-19-induced de novo nephritic syndrome may occur mainly due to tubulointerstitial involvement and often results in spontaneous remission. However, why these findings were not present in all patients who had no comorbidities is not clear.
Knowledge of medical students on organ donation
Authors: Sampaio Jéssica Escribano , Fernandes Danilo Euclides , Kirsztajn Gianna Mastroianni
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spontaneous knowledge of medical students about organ donation. METHODS: 518 students of a medical school in Sao Paulo city, from the first-year to internship, answered an objective questionnaire applied through electronic media to assess their spontaneous theoretical knowledge and organ donation awareness. RESULTS: Organs that can be donated after brain death, such as the cornea, kidneys, heart, liver, and lung were mentioned by the students. Regarding in-life transplantation, they answered it was possible to donate mainly the kidney (91.3%), part of the liver (81.1%), and bone marrow (79.7%). Although it was not expressive, we also noted that their knowledge gradually increased as they reached the end of the course. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students knowledge on organ donation in life and after death was a little superior to 60%. The students had limited exposure to this subject during the course (<40% of them before the internship). The authors suggest that students should be more exposed to the theme of “organ donation” in the medical curriculum.
Discriminant indexes to simplify the differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia minor in individuals with microcytic anemia
Authors: Reis Fernando Minervo Pimentel , Andrade Raul Ribeiro de , Rodrigues Célio Fernando de Sousa , Barbosa Fabiano Timbó
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Microcytic anemias are very common in clinical practice, with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia minor (TT) being the most prevalent. Diagnostic confirmation of these clinical entities requires tests involving iron metabolism profile, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and molecular analysis. In this context, several discriminant indices have been proposed to simplify the differential diagnosis between IDA and TM. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the clinical relevance of the use of discriminant indices in individuals with microcytic anemia to simplify the differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia and minor thalassemia. METHODS: A bibliographic and cross-sectional search was performed in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases, using the following descriptors: iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia minor, and differential diagnosis. RESULTS: More than 40 mathematical indices based on erythrocyte parameters have been proposed in the hematological literature in individuals with microcytosis. Green & King indexes (IGK), Ehsani index, and erythrocyte count (RBC) had excellent performances, especially when their efficacy was observed in adults and children. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmatory tests for differential diagnosis between IDA and TM require time-consuming and costly methods. Despite the excellent performances of IGK, Ehsani index, and RBC, none of them presented sufficient sensitivity and specificity to establish a diagnosis. However, they can provide a powerful additional tool for diagnostic simplification between IDA and TM.
Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: a literature review
Authors: Torres Bruna Rafaella Santos , Cunha Carlos Eduardo Ximenes da , Castro Laís Rytholz , Brito Lara Medeiros Pirauá de , Ferreira Caio Victor Oliveira , Ribeiro Marina Viegas Moura Rezende
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the highly pathogenic SARS-Cov-2 virus, was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Its main clinical manifestations are related to airway involvement; however, there is extrapulmonary impairment in some cases. Given this context, this literature review aims to identify the ophthalmological conditions caused by infection with the novel coronavirus. Although ocular findings do not include the standard clinical presentation of the disease, there are reports of some ophthalmological changes in COVID-19 patients, and conjunctivitis is the most common among these.
Hypofractionated and hyper-hypofractionated radiation therapy in postoperative breast cancer treatment
Authors: Fang Marcel , Marta Gustavo Nader
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Radiation therapy is widely used as adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients. In the last decades, several studies have been designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated breast radiation therapy. More recently, even shorter regimens with doses above 4 Gy (hyper-hypofractionation) have also been proposed. This study aims to present a narrative review of the various hypofractionation protocols used to treat breast cancer patients with a focus on clinical application. RESULTS: Long-term results from several phase III randomized controlled trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated breast radiation therapy using 15 or 16 fractions for early and locally advanced disease. The results of the initial clinical trials of hyper-hypofractionation are also encouraging and it is believed that these regimens may become routine in the indication of adjuvant radiation therapy treatment after the ongoing studies on this subject have matured. CONCLUSIONS: The idea that normal tissues could present high toxicity at doses above 2 Gy was opposed by clinical trials that demonstrated that moderate hypofractionation had similar results regarding oncological and cosmetic outcomes compared to conventional fractionation. Cosmetic and toxicity results from hyper-fractionation studies are in principle favorable. However, the long-term oncological results of studies that used hyper-hypofractionation for the treatment of breast cancer patients are still awaited.
O potencial de propagação da COVID-19 e a tomada de decisão governamental: uma análise retrospectiva em Florianópolis, Brasil
Authors: Garcia Leandro Pereira , Traebert Jefferson , Boing Alexandra Crispim , Santos Grazielli Faria Zimmer , Pedebôs Lucas Alexandre , d'Orsi Eleonora , Prado Paulo Inacio , Veras Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena , Boava Giuliano , Boing Antonio Fernando
Published: October 2020

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o potencial de propagação do SARS-CoV-2 e as tomadas de decisão do governo municipal de Florianópolis, Brasil, quanto ao distanciamento social. Métodos: Foram analisados casos novos de COVID-19 com tratamento de nowcasting identificados em residentes de Florianópolis entre 1º de fevereiro e 14 de julho de 2020. Também foram examinados os decretos relacionados à COVID-19 publicados no Diário Oficial do Município entre 1º de fevereiro e 14 de julho de 2020. Com base nas ações dispostas nos decretos, analisou-se se elas promoviam o relaxamento, o aumento ou a manutenção das restrições vigentes, criando-se o Índice de Distanciamento Social. Para o período de 14 dias anteriores a cada decreto, calcularam-se os números de reprodução dependente do tempo (Rt). Construiu-se uma matriz entre a classificação de cada decreto e os valores de Rt, verificando-se a consonância ou a dissonância entre o potencial de disseminação do SARS-CoV-2 e as ações dos decretos. Resultados: Foram analisados 5.374 casos de COVID-19 e 26 decretos. Nove decretos aumentaram as medidas de distanciamento social, nove as mantiveram e oito as flexibilizaram. Das 26 ações, nove eram consonantes e 17 dissonantes com a tendência indicada pelos Rt. Dissonâncias foram observadas com todos os decretos que mantiveram as medidas de distanciamento e os que as flexibilizaram. No segundo bimestre da análise houve a mais rápida expansão do número de casos novos e a maior quantidade de dissonâncias dos decretos. Conclusão: Observou-se importante divergência entre as medidas de distanciamento social com indicadores epidemiológicos no momento da decisão política.
Fatores associados à doença renal crônica segundo critérios laboratoriais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde
Authors: Aguiar Lilian Kelen de , Ladeira Roberto Marini , Machado Ísis Eloah , Bernal Regina Tomei Ivata , Moura Lenildo de , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: October 2020

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da taxa de filtração glomerular estimada pelo clearance da creatinina endógena (estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular - eTFG) menor que 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 no Brasil e os fatores associados. Métodos: Trata-se de um inquérito epidemiológico transversal de base domiciliar. Os dados foram obtidos em subamostra de participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), realizada em 2013, na qual foi feita coleta de sangue para medida de creatinina plasmática e calculado a eTFG (n = 7.457). Os grupos de variáveis explicativas foram: características sociodemográficas, estilos de vida, doenças crônicas, antropometria e avaliação de saúde. Foram estimadas as prevalências de eTFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) utilizando a regressão de Poisson para calcular a razão de prevalência bruta (RPb) e ajustada (RPaj) por idade, sexo, escolaridade e região. Resultados: A prevalência de eTFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 foi de 6,48% (IC95% 5,88 - 7,09). Após ajuste, mantiveram-se associados: sexo feminino (RP = 1,40; IC95% 1,16 - 1,68), idade 45-59 anos (RPaj = 7,27; IC95% 3,8 - 14,1), 60 anos ou mais (RPaj = 33,55; IC95% 17,8 - 63,4), obesidade (RP = 1,32; IC95% 1,1 - 1,7), diabetes (RP = 1,44; IC95% 1,2 - 1,8), autoavaliação de saúde ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,50; IC95% 1,2 - 1,9); menor RPaj foi encontrado nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, entre fumantes e com consumo elevado de sal. Conclusão: eTFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 foi mais elevada no sexo feminino, aumentou com a idade, foi associada com obesidade, diabetes e pior avaliação de saúde. O conhecimento da prevalência da doença renal crônica, por meio de exames bioquímicos e dos fatores de risco e proteção, é essencial para subsidiar políticas públicas de saúde.
Social Skills in Children and Adolescents: Differences Between Deaf and Hearing
Authors: Quevedo Rafaela Fava de , Andretta Ilana
Published: October 2020

Abstract Deafness results in difficulties in identifying elements of social performance in other people. This study evaluated the social skills of deaf and hearing children and adolescents to draw a profile on the categories of social skills. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative study. The participants were 122 deaf and hearing children and adolescents, each group containing 61 individuals aged between 7 and 16 years. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Teste de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças e Adolescentes em Situação Escolar (THAS-C). The results showed deficits in the social skills of deaf children and adolescents compared to hearing. The social skills profiles generally favored the hearing groups, with the exception of the item Conversation and Social Resourcefulness, which favored deaf children. Communicational and developmental differences were considered during the discussion. We stress the need for research with deaf individuals to propose interventions adapted to this population.
Discurso antigênero e agendas feministas e LGBT nos planos estaduais de educação: tensões e disputas
Authors: Vianna Cláudia , Bortolini Alexandre
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre o uso do gênero nos 25 planos estaduais e distrital de educação promulgados entre 2014 e 2016. Demonstramos que as disputas em torno das questões de gênero nos planos evidenciam que não existe apenas uma forma de excluir ou incluir o tema, a saber: o veto; a omissão do termo e de outros a ele relacionados; a explicitação do gênero como um direito das mulheres e da população LGBT para a garantia de acesso e de permanência à educação de qualidade e o uso parcial com referências aos direitos humanos, à garantia de alguns direitos das mulheres e à cultura da paz. Mais da metade dos planos inseriu questões relativas à agenda das mulheres, sob uma perspectiva de gênero. Quase um terço dos planos expressam clareza de que a garantia de acesso e permanência com qualidade passa pelo enfrentamento das desigualdades de gênero. O caráter fixo e binário da oposição entre significados masculinos e femininos foi problematizado ao se incluir o combate ao sexismo, ao machismo e à LGBTfobia. Entretanto, vários planos manifestam o avanço de pautas conservadoras com a exclusão do gênero, corte ou limitação da agenda LGBT e inserção de itens que submetem a abordagem destes temas na escola à concordância das famílias. Conclui-se que o avanço conservador antigênero, ao menos no momento examinado, contrapõe-se à manutenção de várias conquistas. Permanecem, portanto, as contradições nas disputas de poder pela contribuição do gênero na função social da educação.
Fatores associados à cárie dentária em adolescentes: um estudo transversal, estado de São Paulo, 2015
Authors: Corrêa Lívia Litsue Gushi , Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário de , Frias Antônio Carlos , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira
Published: October 2020

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre prevalência e severidade da cárie e fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, comportamental e de condições de saúde bucal em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados secundários de 5.558 adolescentes (15 a 19 anos) examinados na Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal de São Paulo em 2015. As associações foram testadas pelo modelo de regressão binomial negativa inflado de zeros, considerando-se os pesos amostrais. estimaram-se as razões de prevalência (RP), razões de média (RM) e intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados: A prevalência de cárie foi de 71,7%, maior no gênero feminino (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,04;1,15), associada a atraso escolar (RP=1,11 - IC95% 1,03;1,18), cálculo dentário (RP=1,10 - IC95% 1,01;1,20) e não acesso à água fluoretada (RP=1,21 - IC95% 1,01;1,45). Conclusão: A identificação dos fatores associados à cárie pode instruir a programação dos serviços de saúde dirigidos ao controle da doença.
State-of-the-Art Iridium-Based Catalysts for Acidic Water Electrolysis: A Minireview of Wet-Chemistry Synthesis Methods
Authors: Dhawan Himanshi , Secanell Marc , Semagina Natalia
Published: September 2020

With the increasing demand for clean hydrogen production, both as a fuel and an indispensable reagent for chemical industries, acidic water electrolysis has attracted considerable attention in academic and industrial research. Iridium is a well-accepted active and corrosion-resistant component of catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, its scarcity demands breakthroughs in catalyst preparation technologies to ensure its most efficient utilisation. This minireview focusses on the wet-chemistry synthetic methods of the most active and (potentially) durable iridium catalysts for acidic OER, selected from the recent publications in the open literature. The catalysts are classified by their synthesis methods, with authors’ opinion on their practicality. The review may also guide the selection of the state-of-the-art iridium catalysts for benchmarking purposes.
The origins of large dam engineering and factors contributing to dam longevity
Authors: Goff Craig , Atyeo Matthew , Petkovsek Gregor , Roca Marta , Kitamura Yuichi
Published: September 2020

The history of dam building dates back some 5000 years and covers most civilisations around the globe. It encompasses every type of engineered dam structure, from simple masonry walls and earthen embankments, to complex concrete and composite dams, and covers many differing societal needs. By studying the successes and failures of dam building throughout history, we can trace the development of engineering from an ‘art’ to a science. The authors describe the results of a literature review to establish the oldest dam, the oldest large dam, the dams with the longest periods of operation and finally, the oldest large dam still in operation today. From studying historical accounts, and carrying out site visits and interviews with dam owners, the authors establish consistent themes for sustainability, and conclude the most important factors contributing to the longevity of large dams.
Short or Long Sleep Duration and CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Park Sehoon , Lee Soojin , Kim Yaerim , Lee Yeonhee , Kang Min Woo , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Yong Chul , Han Seung Seok , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Kim Dong Ki
Published: October 2020

Significance Statement

Poor sleep is known to be related to kidney function impairment. Using the UK Biobank cohort, including individuals self-reporting regular sleep patterns of short, intermediate, or long duration, the authors found that short or long sleep duration was associated with higher prevalence of CKD. In the genetic analysis, the genetic risk score for short but not long sleep duration was significantly related to a higher risk of CKD stages 3–5, suggesting causal effects of short sleep duration on CKD. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, using the independent meta-analysis results of kidney function from the CKDGen Consortium genome-wide association study, also showed significant causal estimates of short sleep duration on CKD. Clinicians may thus consider encouraging patients to avoid short-duration sleeping behavior to reduce the risk of CKD.

Background

Studies have found sleeping behaviors, such as sleep duration, to be associated with kidney function and cardiovascular disease risk. However, whether short or long sleep duration is a causative factor for kidney function impairment has been rarely studied.

Methods

We studied data from participants aged 40–69 years in the UK Biobank prospective cohort, including 25,605 self-reporting short-duration sleep (<6 hours per 24 hours), 404,550 reporting intermediate-duration sleep (6–8 hours), and 35,659 reporting long-duration sleep (≥9 hours) in the clinical analysis. Using logistic regression analysis, we investigated the observational association between the sleep duration group and prevalent CKD stages 3–5, analyzed by logistic regression analysis. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis involving 321,260 White British individuals using genetic instruments (genetic variants linked with short- or long-duration sleep behavior as instrumental variables). We performed genetic risk score analysis as a one-sample MR and extended the finding with a two-sample MR analysis with CKD outcome information from the independent CKDGen Consortium genome-wide association study meta-analysis.

Results

Short or long sleep duration clinically associated with higher prevalence of CKD compared with intermediate duration. The genetic risk score for short (but not long) sleep was significantly related to CKD (per unit reflecting a two-fold increase in the odds of the phenotype; adjusted odds ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.60). Two-sample MR analysis demonstrated causal effects of short sleep duration on CKD by the inverse variance weighted method, supported by causal estimates from MR-Egger regression.

Conclusions

These findings support an adverse effect of a short sleep duration on kidney function. Clinicians may encourage patients to avoid short-duration sleeping behavior to reduce CKD risk.
Szent László alakja a magyar haderőben : Gondolatok a fegyvernemi védőszentek kultikus tiszteletének alacsony fokáról
Authors: Ujházi Lóránd , Horváth Tibor
Published: September 2020

Minden év júliusában, Szent László király ünnepéhez kapcsolódóan emlékezik a Magyar Ejtőernyős Bajtársi Szövetség Szent László Hadosztály baráti köre Letkésen és a szlovákiai Ipolyszalkán azokra a magyar katonákra, akik a Második Világháború utolsó hónapjaiban a hadosztályban szolgáltak. László király a második világháborúig és a szovjet típusú bolsevik diktatúra magyarországi kiépítésig meghatározó példakép volt a magyar katonák számára a többi segítő vagy fegyvernemi védőszenttel való összehasonlításban is. Bár a rendszerváltás után Szent Lászlóra ismét mint a „lövészek védőszentjére” tekintenek, de hatása messze elmarad a második világháborút megelőző időszaktól. Ebben a tanulmányban arra keressük a választ, hogy mi az oka, hogy bár a jogszabályikörnyezet lehetővé tenné a komoly Szent László – és más fegyvernemi védőszent – kultuszt a Magyar Honvédségben, az mégsem történt meg a rendszerváltás óta. Szeretnénk feltárni azokat a mélyebb történelmi és eszmetörténeti összefüggéseket, amelyek miatt a baloldali ideológia és annak szélsőséges bolsevik formája, de a liberális „demokrácia” ideológiája sem tud azonosulni Szent László – és a többi fegyvernemi védőszent – alakjával. A demokratikus jogalkotás elérte a maximumát azzal, hogy a kultusz- és vallásszabadságot engedélyezte a Magyar Honvédségben. Hipotézisünk szerint a kultusz életre keltéséhez olyan fordulatnak kellene bekövetkezni, amely a Francia Forradalom után folyamatosan elhatalmasodott szellemáramlatokkal kerülne szembe.
Exploring the use of participatory design in game design: a Brazilian perspective
Authors: Wanick Vanissa , Bitelo Chaiane
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews the current body of literature on participatory design (PD) for game design, including participatory design elements, participatory design in education, and the current challenges that game designers and developers encountered. This paper also contains the findings of a survey among game designers in Brazil (N=29) concerning their use of participatory design techniques during the design process in their studios. The survey results show that playtesting is the most common technique that they utilise in order to improve player experience. Several of the respondents admitted that they have considered player participation during other stages of game development. This paper is concluded with a critical overview of the role of participatory design in game design and potential uses for games for learning. The literature and survey-based findings in this paper may be of benefit to game design scholars and designers who are intent on critically analysing the use of participatory design in the game design process.
Mombaça grass development with partial replacement of potassium fertilizer by sodium chloride and the effects of adding calcium
Authors: Silva Paulo Sérgio S. , Leite Rubson Da C. , Carneiro Jefferson Santana da S. , Freitas Gilson A. de , Silva Rubens R. da
Published: October 2020

The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects on development parameters in Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça of partially replacing the potassium (K) in fertilizer by sodium (Na)and the impacts of applying calcium (Ca). The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates, in a 3 × 4 + 3 factorial arrangement. Three Ca sources (CaCO3, CaSO4 and CaCl2) were applied at 4 Ca doses (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Ca/kg of soil) to the grass where 25% of the K fertilizer was replaced by NaCl. The 3 additional treatments were: application of standard fertilizer (N:P:K) with 100% of K recommendation; application of fertilizer with 25% of K replaced by Na but no Ca applied; and grass with no fertilizer of any kind as Control. The variables analyzed were: leaf area, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and photosynthetic rate. Partial replacement of K by Na up to 25% of the K fertilizer recommendation did not cause significant change in the development of Mombaça grass or to any of the measured parameters. Addition of Ca had minimal impact on the analyzed variables regardless of level or source. These measurements helped to explain why dry matter yields of Mombaça grass were not significantly affected by partial replacement of K by Na up to 25% of the K fertilizer recommendation.
Violencia en América Latina: ¿qué factores aumentan el riesgo de ser victimizado dentro de la prisión?
Authors: Safranoff Ana , Kaiser Daniela
Published: October 2020

El artículo contribuye a expandir el conocimiento sobre la violencia en contexto de encierro en América Latina, a partir del análisis de la Encuesta a Personas Privadas de Libertad realizada en seis países de la región. Identifica los factores de riesgo que incrementan la vulnerabilidad de los varones privados de libertad a ser victimizados dentro de la prisión. Los resultados muestran que las personas detenidas más proclives a ser víctimas de violencia dentro de la prisión son quienes tienen menor edad, fueron víctimas de violencia durante su infancia, reciben visitas poco frecuentes, son reincidentes, consumen alcohol y/o drogas dentro del penal, conciben cierto nivel de corrupción entre los agentes de seguridad y/o, además, están en penales con problemas de hacinamiento. En la misma línea, quienes emplean la mayor parte de su tiempo dentro del penal en trabajar y/o estudiar, y/o quienes están detenidos por drogas son menos propensos a ser victimizados. El artículo sugiere posibles estrategias de intervención para erradicar la violencia dentro de los centros penitenciarios, para reforzar su rol “reintegrador”.
Construcción y validación del Cuestionario de Violencia de Pareja en jóvenes de Lima Este
Authors: Arroyo Chávez Dayan , Riquez Julca Maryori , Adriano Rengifo Cristian
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: construir y evaluar de las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento que evalúa ladinámica de pareja dentro de una relación de jóvenes entre las edades de 18 y 30 años. Metodología:Después de realizar una estricta revisión teórica y haber definido el constructo, se elaboró elCuestionario de Violencia de Parejas en Jóvenes, con 29 ítems, con sus 5 factores: factor 1 ViolenciaFísica (10 ítems), factor 2 Manipulación (5 ítems), factor 3 Violencia Verbal (6 ítems), factor 4 Coerción(3 ítems); por último, el factor 5 Prohibiciones (5 ítems); con un tipo de respuesta dicotómica y Likertde cinco puntos. Fue administrado a 355 jóvenes residentes de Lima- Este. Para evaluar la validez deconstructo se hizo mediante el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, utilizando el método de componentesparalelos con rotación oblimin y la normalización Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Resultados: se obtuvoun KMO de .937, con una significancia de .001; la rotación indicó que cinco factores se ajustanadecuadamente, con pesos factoriales dentro del rango de .350 a .623, que representa el 53.5% dela varianza. Asimismo, se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de .943 y un omega de McDonald´s .947 en laescala global; así también, en los ítems se evidencia coeficientes de Cronbach que varían entre .940 a.942 y en el McDonald´s .944 a .946, lo que indica una elevada fiabilidad. Conclusión: el instrumentoevidencia una buena consistencia interna y validez de constructo.
Consequences of Sexual Violence and Abuse On Minors: Gender Specifics
Authors: Nutskova E.V. , Badmaeva V.D.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of a comprehensive psychological and psychiatric study of 155 juvenile victims of sexual violence and abuse. The article states the most common psychological consequences of experienced sexual violence and abuse in various spheres of mental activity among groups of boys and girls. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these consequences have significant differences in the groups of victims, depending on the mental condition and gender. It was found that common symptoms are manifested in the emotional-volitional, semantic and behavioral spheres. The gender specifics of the consequences of sexual violence and abuseamong girls mostly appear in internal forms (feelings of guilt, difficulties in establishing social contacts, negative attitude to male role models, close relationships). While external forms of that consequences prevail among boys (increased excitability, reactions aggression, opposition and negativism, sexualized behavior, hypermasculine compensation) alongside increased mental stress, sense of shame, violation of gender-role identity, complaints of disturbance in the somatic sphere and a decrease of productivity in school.
Características clínicas de la hepatotoxicidad asociada a la pirazinamida en pacientes de un hospital de Lima, Perú
Authors: Oscanoa Teodoro , Moscol Saul , Amado José
Published: October 2020

Con el objetivo de determinar las características de la enfermedad hepática inducida por el medicamento (DILI) se realizó un estudio de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de tuberculosis y esquema de tratamiento antituberculoso con pirazinamida. El análisis de causa efecto de la DILI fue mediante el proceso de reexposición. Se encontraron 10 pacientes con DILI asociada a pirazinamida, la mediana de edad y de estancia hospitalaria fue de 40,5 años (rango 22-76) y 41 días (rango 11-130), respectivamente. La mediana de presentación del evento fue de 14 días (rango 3-46), 4 pacientes presentaron ictericia, 5 tuvieron patrón hepatocelular, 3 mixtas y 2 colestásicos. La presentación de la DILI fue leve en 6 casos (60%) y moderados en 3 (30%). En conclusión, la DILI asociada a la pirazinamida requiere estancia hospitalaria prolongada, se presenta con ictericia en un poco más de un tercio de los casos siendo el patrón predominante el hepatocelular.
Indicadores bibliométricos de la producción científica peruana en plantas medicinales
Authors: Angulo-Bazán Yolanda
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Describir la producción científica sobre plantas medicinales con, al menos, un autor con filiación peruana publicada entre el 2000 y el 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico mediante una búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos Scopus, de donde se seleccionaron artículos originales o comunicaciones breves sobre plantas medicinales que tuvieran, al menos, un autor con una filiación institucional peruana. Se describen las características de las publicaciones, instituciones, países y autores que participaron en estas investigaciones. Se calculó la proporción de colaboración internacional, el índice de transitoriedad, y las redes de colaboración institucional y de coautoria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 200 artículos originales publicados en 83 revistas, con una tendencia creciente, aunque irregular. La institución más productiva fue la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, y la revista en la que más se publicó fue Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Las redes de autoría y de colaboración institucional mostraron la influencia de la colaboración internacional en estas publicaciones (53,0%). Conclusiones: La producción científica peruana sobre plantas medicinales tiene una tendencia creciente, se concentra en ámbitos académicos universitarios y se publica en revistas de alto impacto, debido, en parte, al alto nivel de cooperación internacional existente.
Desafíos en la atención de los pacientes con cáncer durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Vela-Ruiz José M. , Ramos Willy , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A.
Published: October 2020

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Inteligencia artificial como apoyo a intervenciones no farmacológicas para combatir la COVID-19
Authors: Mujica Rodríguez Iván E. , Toribio Salazar Luz M. , Cóndor Cámara Daniel F.
Published: October 2020

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Réplica: Las pruebas de laboratorio para la identificación de SARS-CoV-2 en tiempos de pandemia en el Perú: Algunas precisiones acerca del «rendimiento diagnóstico»
Authors: Vidal-Anzardo Margot , Solis Gilmer , Solari Lely , Minaya Gabriela , Ayala-Quintanilla Beatriz , Astete-Cornejo John , Luque-Aguilar Amparo , Jorge Ana , Rojas Nancy , Cardenas Fanny , Soto Alonso
Published: October 2020

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Discovery of Ulaanbaatar Fault: A New Earthquake Threat to the Capital of Mongolia
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiro , Nakata Takashi , Watanabe Mitsuhisa , Battulga Sukhee , Enkhtaivan Dangaa , Demberel Sodnomsambuu , Odonbaatar Chimed , Bayasgalan Amgalan , Badral Tuvshin
Published: September 2020

Destructive large earthquakes occur not only along major plate boundaries but also within the interior of plates. To establish appropriate safety measures, identifying intraplate active faults and the potential magnitude of associated earthquakes is essential before an earthquake occurs. This study was conducted to document the geomorphic expression of a previously unrecognized 50-km-long active fault in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. Mapping of the fault was accomplished using the Advanced Land Observation Satellite elevation dataset provided by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), a stereo-scope interpretation of CORONA satellite images, the emplacement of trenches across the fault trace, and field study. The Ulaanbaatar fault (UBF) is marked by fault scarps on the surface and left-lateral stream deflections. The fault displaces late Pleistocene deposits and is thus considered to be active. Based on the length of the fault, the UBF is believed to be capable of causing earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M 7 and subsequent associated damage to buildings and heavy causalities within the metropolitan area. We strongly suggest that building resistance requirements in Ulaanbaatar should be revised to mitigate for the potential of extensive seismic damage. The results of this study can be used to revise the seismic hazard map and stipulate a new disaster prevention strategy to improve public safety in Ulaanbaatar. It is also possible that there may be other active faults in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar, and these require investigation.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Interfrequency Correlation of Synthetic Ground Motions to Pseudodynamic Source Models
Authors: Song Seok Goo , Causse Mathieu , Bayless Jeff
Published: September 2020

Given the deficiency of recorded strong ground-motion data, it is important to understand the effects of earthquake rupture processes on near-source ground-motion characteristics and to develop physics-based ground-motion simulation methods for advanced seismic hazard assessments. Recently, the interfrequency correlation of ground motions has become an important element of ground-motion predictions. We investigate the effect of pseudodynamic source models on the interfrequency correlation of ground motions by simulating a number of ground-motion waveforms for the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, using the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform. We find that the cross correlation between earthquake source parameters in pseudodynamic source models significantly affects the interfrequency correlation of ground motions in the frequency around 0.5 Hz, whereas its effect is not visible in the other frequency ranges. Our understanding of the effects of earthquake sources on the characteristics of near-source ground motions, particularly the interfrequency correlation, may help develop advanced physics-based ground-motion simulation methods for advanced seismic hazard and risk assessments.