bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Нейронные сети как финансовый инструмент
Authors: Семенова Э. А. , Цепкова С. М.
Published: December 2022

Технологии искусственного интеллекта широко используются в разных областях экономики, и для такого метода, как нейронные сети, уже найдено достаточно много применений в этой сфере. В данной статье дано краткое представление строения и работы искусственной нейронной сети, а также рассмотрено её применение в экономике и представлен краткий обзор наиболее популярных современных нейропакетов. Отмечается, что выбор нейропакета зависит от того, какой критерий отбора будет взят в качестве основного. В работе представлена оценка пакетов по пяти наиболее распространенным параметрам.
Conservation problems of rural architecture: A case study in Gölpazarı, Anatolia
Authors: Kahraman Gülçin , Arpacıoğlu Ümit Turgay
Published: December 2022

Rural areas have generous variety that combines local geographical features, buildings planned according to climatic conditions and the tradition of using local building materials, social relations and habits of the local people in their daily life. The purpose of this study is to determine the rural architectural heritage that is about to disappear; evaluate conservation proposals and developing policies to increase the interest in rural. In this study, the rural architectural heritage and conservation problems of Gölpazarı and its villages were evaluated as a representative area which has been an important settlement from prehistoric times until today in Central Anatolia. The architectural features have been examined with the settlement characteristics, analyzes, building typologies, construction techniques and materials. Rural areas have conservation problems such as immigration, socio-economic changes, and improper architectural interventions at the settlement and building scale. These problems have been analyzed through Gölpazarı, which is in danger of losing its original identity with structurally as well as socially. Based on the findings, conservation proposals for the building and settlement scale were interpreted. The cultural, social, economic and tourism potential of the settlement were evaluated to ensure the protection and sustainability. There has not been noteworthy research in this context in Gölpazarı and its surroundings. This study has potentials to be an example for developing rural heritage management in Anatolia.
Yeni Sinema Tarih Yazımına Bir Katkı: Yeşilçam Döneminde Malatya’da Seyir ve Seyirci
Authors: DİKEN YÜCEL Dilar
Published: December 2022

Yeni sinema tarihi yaklaşımı, 2000’li yıllar ile birlikte hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde çeşitli örnekleri verilmeye başlanmış olan yeni bir disiplindir. Klasik sinema tarihinden farkı, süreç odaklı olmasıdır. Yani bir filmin üretimi, dağıtımı, gösterimi, gösterim yapılan salonların fiziki varlığı ve seyircinin filmleri alımlama süreci gibi daha birçok unsur yeni sinema tarihi yaklaşımının ilgilendiği noktalar arasında yer almaktadır. Yeni sinema tarihi yaklaşımı, gelişimini teknolojik ilerlemelere ve buna bağlı olarak dijitalleşen dünyaya borçludur. Zira dijitalleşme ile birlikte araştırmacılar bilgisayarları başından birçok arşiv evrakına ve çeşitli bilgilere ulaşabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda teknolojik gelişmelerin hız kazanmış olduğu günümüz dünyasında belleğin önemi de yeniden keşfedilmiştir. Bu aşamada yeni sinema tarihi yaklaşımının başvurmuş olduğu temel yöntem ise sözlü tarih çalışmalarıdır. Çalışma kapsamında da Malatya ilinin Yeşilçam dönemindeki seyir ve seyirci ilişkilerini anlamlandırabilmek için 5’i kadın ve 5’i erkek olmak üzere 60 yaş üstü toplam 10 kişi ile sözlü tarih görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda, Malatya halkının sinema ile tanışmasının Cumhuriyet’in ilanından önceye denk geldiği, onlarca müstakil sinema binasının bulunduğu, kadınların da erkekler kadar seyir deneyimine katıldığı gibi birçok noktada tespitler yapılmıştır.
Effect of Acupressure Vs Reflexology on Pre-Menstrual Syndrome among Adolescent Girls A Pilot Study
Authors: P Padmavathi
Published: December 2022

Premenstrual syndrome is the most common of gynaecologic complaints. It affects half of all female adolescents today and represents the leading cause of college/school absenteeism among that population. It was sought to assess the effectiveness of acupressure Vs reflexology on premenstrual syndrome among adolescents. Two-group pre-test and post-test true experimental design was adopted for the study. Forty adolescent girls from Government Girls Secondary School, Erode with premenstrual syndrome fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected by simple random sampling. A pretest was conducted by using premenstrual symptoms assessment scale. Immediately after pre-test acupressure Vs reflexology was given once a week for 6 weeks and again post-test was conducted to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. In post-test, the mean score of the experimental group I sample was 97.3 (SD= 2.5) and the group II mean score was 70.8 (SD = 10.71) with paired t value of 19.2 and 31.9. This showed that the reflexology was more effective than acupressure in enhancing the practice of the sample regarding pre-menstrual syndrome. Statistically no significant association was found between the post-test scores of the sample with their demographic variables. The findings imply the need for educating adolescent girls on effective management of pre-menstrual syndrome
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ SOSYAL BECERİ ÖĞRETİMİNDE KIBRIS MASALLARININ KULLANIMINA YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: Pilli Olga , Çakır Ramazan
Published: December 2022

Masallar, çocukların dilsel gelişimlerini desteklemekte; sosyal ve kültürel çevreye uyumunu kolaylaştırmakta; bireyin kültür ve eğitim hayatına katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca kendini ifade etme, iletişim kurma, grupla bir işi yürütme, duygulara yönelik becerilerini ve problem çözme gibi sosyal becerilerini geliştirmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının sosyal beceri öğretiminde Kıbrıs Türk masallarının kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymak ve öneriler geliştirmektir. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma tekniklerinden fenomenolojik (olgubilimsel) yaklaşımına dayalı olarak tasarlanmıştır. Beş açık uçlu sorudan oluşan görüşme soruları, özellikle öğretmen adaylarının Kıbrıs Türk masallarının sosyal beceri öğretimine ilişkin katkılarına yönelik görüşlerinin alınmasına odaklı olarak hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki özel bir üniversitede eğitim gören 15 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Bulgular kısmında yer alan tablolarda ortaya çıkan kod ve temalar frekans değerleri verilen örnek ifadeler ile birlikte sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarına göre Kıbrıs Türk masallarının geliştirdiği sosyal beceriler; akran ilişkili beceriler, duygulara yönelik beceriler ve akademik beceriler olarak ortaya konmuştur.
Selective Dissolution Forming on Duplex Stainless Steels During Sour Testing. Is it a Pass or a Fail?
Authors: Mendibide Christophe , Dessolin Carole
Published: December 2022

In this study, the effect of test conditions on the formation of selective dissolution during sour testing was investigated on a cold-rolled duplex stainless steel UNS S32750. All experiments were conducted in NaCl 150 g/L and pH2S = 0.3 bar. Different pHs between 3.3 and 4.5 were studied at 80°C. Based on tests performed under varying conditions, it is demonstrated that selective dissolution (SD) competes with cracking and that under conditions leading to the formation of a large area with SD, the presence of this type of corrosion can hide the susceptibility of the material to cracking. The presence of only SD after testing must therefore be considered with caution. SD initiated also without applied stress showing that the phenomenon is correlated to a loss of passivity. From electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses and electrochemical monitoring the formation of SD under the test conditions considered in this work is correlated to the instability of the passive film and not to any superficial singularities of the material or specific crystallographic orientations.
Vivências de um período de pandemia para crianças e adolescentes na escola: relato de experiência
Authors: Garbelini Maria Cecilia Da Lozzo , Silva João Victor da , Bastos Fernanda de Andrade Galliano Daros , Mancarz Graziele Francine Franco , Sanches Leide da Conceição Sanches
Published: December 2022

Objetivou-se apreender sobre a percepção das crianças e adolescentes no que se refere ao impacto que a pandemia causou na comunidade escolar, por meio dos relatos de suas vivências. A ação “Qualidade de vida no contexto da pandemia” foi realizada em junho de 2021 de forma remota, pelo Google Meet, devido ao período pandêmico em relação à Covid-19. Por meio de roda de conversa foi introduzido o tema com o desenvolvimento de dinâmica, vídeo interativo e utilização de um aplicativo com feedback em tempo real. No momento seguinte foi realizada uma apresentação teórica interativa sobre a temática e término das atividades. Os 120 participantes tiveram oportunidade de se expressar e compartilhar suas ideias, emoções e percepções do período de isolamento social, com reflexões individuais e do grupo. Evidenciou-se que a roda de conversa, mesmo que aplicada remotamente, oportunizou a possibilidade de perceber as vivências dos participantes em relação ao cenário pandêmico.
Rasch Analysis of the Stroke Impact Scale–16
Authors: Wang Inga , Wang Yi-Ching , Wu Tzu-Yi , Chou Chia-Yeh , Hsieh Ching-Lin
Published: December 2022

Importance: Because the psychometric evidence supporting the use of the Stroke Impact Scale–16 (SIS–16) is limited, an examination of its psychometric properties is warranted.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the SIS–16 using Rasch analysis.

Design: Secondary data analysis of responses to the SIS–16 from the published Field Administration of Stroke Therapy–Magnesium Trial database.

Setting: Emergency medical system agencies and acute care receiving hospitals.

Participants: A total of 1,010 people with stroke.

Outcomes and Measures: We examined the item difficulty hierarchy, item fit, person–item match, separation index, person reliability coefficient, and ceiling and floor effect of the SIS–16.

Results: The item “climb a flight of stairs” was the most difficult, and “sit without losing balance” was the easiest. Four items misfit the Rasch partial-credit measurement model. Overall, the average patient ability estimate of 2.1 logits (SD = 2.0) was higher than the average item difficulty estimate of 0.0 logits (SD = 1.1). With a separation index of 2.85, the SIS–16 can differentiate people into 4.1 statistically distinct strata. The person reliability coefficient was .89. Given that 24.2% (n = 244) obtained the maximum score and 0.2% (n = 2) obtained the minimum score, the SIS–16 had a ceiling effect in this patient sample.

Conclusions and Relevance: Results partially support the validity and clinical use of the SIS–16 in subacute stroke clinical settings. Further research is warranted to examine the psychometric properties of the SIS–16 in patients with chronic stroke.

What This Article Adds: Our results partially support the use of the SIS–16 in clinical and research settings.
DINAMIKA RASA MALU PADA REMAJA PUBERTAS
Authors: Sumartani Desak Made
Published: December 2022

Abstrak: Perubahan fisik, kognitif dan psikososial remaja merupakan tanda masa pubertas. Secara psikologi, perubahan terjadi untuk membentuk identitas dengan menyelesaikan persoalan seperti pemilihan nilai moral dalam hidup. Rasa malu merupakan salah satu nilai moral yang dapat berperan dalam pembentukan identitas remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dinamika rasa malu remaja pubertas terkait kapan merasa malu dan tidak. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 7 orang, terdiri dari 2 remaja laki-laki yang sudah mengalami mimpi basah dan 5 remaja perempuan yang sudah mengalami menstruasi berasal dari Mengwi dan Denpasar yang bersedia berpartisipasi dalam wawancara kelompok dan mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan remaja malu ketika ditertawakan, darah menstruasinya merembes hingga terlihat pada rok sekolahnya saat menstruasi, melakukan kesalahan, menyebutkan nama idola dan dihukum serta kurang percaya diri ketika bertemu dengan orang baru. Semua kondisi tersebut membuat remaja merasa malu apabila melibatkan kehadiran orang lain. Tanpa kehadiran orang lain, kondisi seperti kegagalan yang dialami tidak memunculkan rasa malu. Kehadiran orang lain merupakan penyebab perbedaan maupun perasaan berbeda dari orang lain sehingga individu merasa malu. Selain itu, responden tidak merasa malu ketika bersama dengan teman-teman dekat, mampu beradaptasi dengan orang baru, berprestasi dan dipuji serta memiliki kegiatan positif seperti ekstrakulikuler. Individu memunculkan beberapa respon ketika merasa malu yaitu cuek, menghindari situasi yang menyebabkan malu dan bangkit, serta melawan orang yang menyebabkan malu. Ada yang diam sementara sebelum kembali berinteraksi dengan teman, mencari dukungan, tetap percaya diri, dan tertawa. Namun, ada juga yang gugup, grogi, muka merah, salah tingkah, ngambek, menunjukkan kekecewaan dan terpaksa jujur kepada teman, serta sedikit menangis.Kata Kunci: malu, pubertas, situasi
Entre o valor heróico de Enéias e a fundação da identidade romana: o conceito da virtus e da pietas heróica a partir dos livros I, II e III da Eneida de Virgílio
Authors: Rufino Emmanoel De Almeida
Published: December 2022

O objeto deste estudo é a Eneida, de Virgílio, obra apologética à grandeza de Roma. Desenvolvendo uma investigação acerca dos conceitos romanos de virtus e pietas na figura do herói Enéias e à luz da concepção grega de areté, buscamos entender a relação entre esses conceitos através de análises filológicas, literárias e culturais. No horizonte conclusivo do estudo, destacamos o que permanece e o que muda entre eles nos contextos históricos a que pertencem e como suas mudanças e permanências (re)configuraram a identidade de Roma, descendente direta do espírito cultural grego, tanto mítica, quanto historicamente.
Da Faculdade de Filosofia à Faculdade de Educação da UFMG: a invenção de uma instituição
Authors: Faria Filho Luciano Mendes , Lacerda Nelma Marçal , Bahiense Priscilla Nogueira
Published: December 2022

Neste texto propomo-nos a analisar algumas das facetas da constituição da Faculdade de Educação da UFMG, instituição parida no interior dos debates acerca da necessária reforma das universidades brasileiras, na década de 1960.  A perspectiva a partir da qual analisamos a criação e a institucionalização inicial da Faculdade é a da história das instituições escolares. Neste trabalho, as fontes utilizadas são, fundamentalmente, referentes ao acervo histórico da Faculdade de Educação, que estão sob a guarda do Centro de Pesquisa, Memória e Documentação (CEDOC), da própria instituição e, também, entrevistas realizadas e transcritas pelo projeto de História Oral do Museu da Escola “Professora Ana Maria Casasanta”. Os três departamentos por meio dos quais a Faculdade de Educação da UFMG se organizou naquele momento e manteve até hoje – Administração Escolar,  Ciências Aplicadas à Educação e Métodos e Técnicas de Ensino – são muito similares aos de outras Faculdades de Educação do país, dão visibilidade e atualizam a perspectiva muito forte nos anos de 1960 e nas décadas seguintes, de dividir as grandes questões da educação  escolar e da formação de professores, função precípua da faculdade de educação, em três grandes dimensões autônomas, ainda que articuladas: os fundamentos da educação, as didáticas e metodologias de ensino e a administração escolar.
Pelimusiikin käyttötavat ja funktiot suomalaisten arjessa
Authors: Tuuri Kai , Koskela Oskari , Vahlo Jukka
Published: December 2022

The uses and functions of game music in everyday life

The premise of this article is the idea that games and their music do not only relate to playing, but are also part of people’s musical practices outside of the actual gameplay situation. However, so far very little research has been done on the meanings of game music outside of gaming. In this study, we aim for a broader understanding of people’s relationship with game music by examining how game music is used outside of the context of gaming. The empirical analysis of the article is based on two datasets collected in Finland. The primary material consists of written stories (N=183) about personally meaningful game music memories. In addition to this, we use survey data (N=785) concerning people’s activities with their favorite game music outside of the game. In the study, we investigated (1) how varied and common the activities of using game music are, (2) what different types of game music use can be discerned, and (3) what psychological functions of game music are disclosed in the personal stories.

According to both datasets, musical practices with game music in people’s everyday life were common. The ways of using game music were also diverse. In general, digital games appear to be a viable resource for engaging in musical practices and acquiring musical experiences. Through cluster analysis, three different types of game music use were outlined from the survey answers: performing/reproducing, reminiscing and appreciating the game experience, which refer to preferences for interacting with game music. Regarding the functions of music, the results imply that the functions of music documented in music psychology literature (mood management, aesthetic pleasure, self-enhancement, memory connection, social bonding) are well suited for analyzing the personal meanings of game music. In all, from the results, it can be established that the aesthetic value of game music for people, at least to some extent, seems to be conditioned by the gameplay experience, even if the music is separated from gaming.
Record-breaking statistics detect islands of cooling in a sea of warming
Authors: Sena Elisa T. , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit , Kostinski Alexander B.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Record-breaking statistics are combined here with a
geographic mode of exploration to introduce a record-breaking map. We
examine time series of sea surface temperature (SST) values and show that
high SST records have been broken far more frequently than the expected rate for a trend-free random variable (TFRV) over the vast majority of oceans (83 % of the grid cells). This, together with the asymmetry between high
and low records and their deviation from a TFRV, indicates SST warming over
most oceans, obtained using a distribution-independent, robust, and
simple-to-use method. The spatial patterns of this warming are coherent and
reveal islands of cooling, such as the “cold blob” in the North Atlantic and a surprising elliptical area in the Southern Ocean, near the Ross Sea gyre, not previously reported. The method was also applied to evaluate a global climate model (GCM), which reproduced the observed records during the study period. The distribution of records from the GCM pre-industrial (PI) control
run samples was similar to the one from a TFRV, suggesting that the
contribution of a suitably constrained internal variability to the observed
record-breaking trends is negligible. Future forecasts show striking SST
trends, with even more frequent high records and less frequent low records.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry utilizing ammonium ions (NH4+ CIMS) for measurements of organic compounds in the atmosphere
Authors: Xu Lu , Coggon Matthew M. , Stockwell Chelsea E. , Gilman Jessica B. , Robinson Michael A. , Breitenlechner Martin , Lamplugh Aaron , Crounse John D. , Wennberg Paul O. , Neuman J. Andrew , Novak Gordon A. , Veres Patrick R. , Brown Steven S. , Warneke Carsten
Published: December 2022

Abstract. We describe the characterization and field deployment of chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) using a recently developed focusing ion-molecule reactor (FIMR) and ammonium–water cluster (NH4+⋅H2O) as the reagent ion (denoted as NH4+ CIMS). We show that NH4+⋅H2O is a highly versatile reagent ion for measurements of a wide range of oxygenated organic compounds. The major product ion is the cluster with NH4+ produced via ligand-switching reactions. Other product ions (e.g., protonated ion, cluster ion with NH4+⋅H2O, with H3O+, and with H3O+⋅H2O) are also produced, but with minor fractions for most of the oxygenated compounds studied here. The instrument sensitivities (ion counts per second per part per billion by volume, cps ppbv−1) and product distributions are strongly dependent on the instrument operating conditions, including the ratio of ammonia (NH3) and H2O flows and the drift voltages, which should be carefully selected to ensure NH4+⋅H2O as the predominant reagent ion and to optimize sensitivities. For monofunctional analytes, the NH4+⋅H2O chemistry exhibits high sensitivity (i.e., >1000 cps ppbv−1) to ketones, moderate sensitivity (i.e., between 100 and 1000 cps ppbv−1) to aldehydes, alcohols, organic acids, and monoterpenes, low sensitivity (i.e., between 10 and 100 cps ppbv−1) to isoprene and C1 and C2 organics, and negligible sensitivity (i.e., <10 cps ppbv−1) to reduced aromatics. The instrumental sensitivities of analytes depend on the binding energy of the analyte–NH4+ cluster, which can be estimated using voltage scanning. This offers the possibility to constrain the sensitivity of analytes for which no calibration standards exist. This instrument was deployed in the RECAP campaign (Re-Evaluating the Chemistry of Air Pollutants in California) in Pasadena, California, during summer 2021. Measurement comparisons against co-located mass spectrometers show that the NH4+ CIMS is capable of detecting compounds from a wide range of chemical classes. The NH4+ CIMS is valuable for quantification of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and is complementary to existing chemical ionization schemes.
Icing wind tunnel measurements of supercooled large droplets using the 12 mm total water content cone of the Nevzorov probe
Authors: Lucke Johannes , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Heller Romy , Hahn Valerian , Hamman Matthew , Breitfuss Wolfgang , Bora Venkateshwar Reddy , Moser Manuel , Voigt Christiane
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Supercooled large droplet (SLD) icing can occur behind the protected surfaces of an aircraft and create severe aerodynamic disturbances, which represent a safety hazard for aviation. Liquid water content (LWC) measurements in icing conditions that contain SLDs require instruments that are able to sample unimodal and bimodal droplet size distributions with droplet diameters from 2 to 2000 µm. No standardized detection method exists for this task. A candidate instrument, which is currently used in icing wind tunnel (IWT) research, is the Nevzorov probe. In addition to the standard 8 mm total water content (TWC) collector cone, a novel instrument version also features a 12 mm diameter cone, which might be advantageous for collecting the large droplets characteristic of SLD conditions. In the scope of the two EU projects, SENSors and certifiable hybrid architectures for safer aviation in ICing Environment (SENS4ICE) and ICE GENESIS, we performed measurement campaigns in SLD icing conditions in IWTs in Germany, Austria and the USA. We obtained a comprehensive data set of measurements from the LWC sensor, the 8 mm cone sensor and the 12 mm cone sensor of the Nevzorov probe, and from the tunnel reference instrumentation. In combination with measurements of the particle size distribution, we experimentally derive a collision efficiency curve that is based on a suitable functional form for the new 12 mm cone for median volume diameters (MVDs) between 12 and 58 µm and wind tunnel speeds from 40 to 85 m s−1. Knowledge of this curve allows us to correct the LWC measurements of the 12 mm cone (LWC12) in particular for the inevitably high decrease in collision efficiency for small droplet diameters. In unimodal SLD conditions, with MVDs between 128 and 720 µm, LWC12 generally agrees within ±20 % with the tunnel LWC reference values from a WCM-2000 and an isokinetic probe. An increase in the difference between LWC12 and the WCM-2000 measurements at larger MVDs indicates better droplet collection properties of the 12 mm cone. Similarly, the favorable detector dimensions of the 12 mm cone explain a 7 % enhanced detection efficiency compared to the 8 mm cone; however this difference falls within the instrumental uncertainties. Data collected in various bimodal SLD conditions with MVDs between 16 and 534 µm and LWCs between 0.22 and 0.72 g m−3 also show an agreement within ±20 % between LWC12 and the tunnel LWC, which demonstrates the suitability of the Nevzorov sensor head with the 12 mm cone for measurements of LWC in Appendix O icing conditions.
Forest structure and individual tree inventories of northeastern Siberia along climatic gradients
Authors: Miesner Timon , Herzschuh Ulrike , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Wieczorek Mareike , Zakharov Evgenii S. , Kolmogorov Alexei I. , Davydova Paraskovya V. , Kruse Stefan
Published: December 2022

Abstract. We compile a data set of forest surveys from expeditions to the northeast of the Russian Federation, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (59–73∘ N, 97–169∘ E), performed between the years 2011 and 2021. The region is characterized by permafrost soils and forests dominated by larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Larix cajanderi Mayr). Our data set consists of a plot database describing 226 georeferenced vegetation survey plots and a tree database with information about all the trees on these plots. The tree database, consisting of two tables with the same column names, contains information on the height, species, and vitality of 40 289 trees. A subset of the trees was subject to a more detailed inventory, which recorded the stem diameter at base and at breast height, crown diameter, and height of the beginning of the crown. We recorded heights up to 28.5 m (median 2.5 m) and stand densities up to 120 000 trees per hectare (median 1197 ha−1), with both values tending to be higher in the more southerly areas. Observed taxa include Larix Mill., Pinus L., Picea A. Dietr., Abies Mill., Salix L., Betula L., Populus L., Alnus Mill., and Ulmus L. In this study, we present the forest inventory data aggregated per plot. Additionally, we connect the data with different remote sensing data products to find out how accurately forest structure can be predicted from such products. Allometries were calculated to obtain the diameter from height measurements for every species group. For Larix, the most frequent of 10 species groups, allometries depended also on the stand density, as denser stands are characterized by thinner trees, relative to height. The remote sensing products used to compare against the inventory data include climate, forest biomass, canopy height, and forest loss or disturbance. We find that the forest metrics measured in the field can only be reconstructed from the remote sensing data to a limited extent, as they depend on local properties. This illustrates the need for ground inventories like those data we present here. The data can be used for studying the forest structure of northeastern Siberia and for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed data. They are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943547 (Miesner et al., 2022).
Higher sediment redistribution rates related to burrowing animals than previously assumed as revealed by time-of-flight-based monitoring
Authors: Grigusova Paulina , Larsen Annegret , Achilles Sebastian , Brandl Roland , del Río Camilo , Farwig Nina , Kraus Diana , Paulino Leandro , Pliscoff Patricio , Übernickel Kirstin , Bendix Jörg
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Burrowing animals influence surface microtopography and hillslope sediment
redistribution, but changes often remain undetected due to a lack of
automated high-resolution field monitoring techniques. In this study, we
present a new approach to quantify microtopographic variations and surface
changes caused by burrowing animals and rainfall-driven erosional processes
applied to remote field plots in arid and Mediterranean climate regions in Chile. We compared
the mass balance of redistributed sediment between burrow and burrow-embedded area, quantified the cumulative sediment redistribution caused by
animals and rainfall, and upscaled the results to a hillslope scale. The
newly developed instrument, a time-of-flight camera, showed a very good
detection accuracy. The animal-caused cumulative sediment excavation was
14.6 cm3 cm−2 yr−1 in the Mediterranean climate zone and 16.4 cm3 cm−2 yr−1 in the arid climate zone. The
rainfall-related cumulative sediment erosion within burrows was higher (10.4 cm3 cm−2 yr−1) in the Mediterranean climate zone than the arid
climate zone (1.4 cm3 cm−2 yr−1). Daily sediment
redistribution during rainfall within burrow areas was up to 350 %(40 %) higher in the Mediterranean (arid) zone compared to burrow-embedded
areas and much higher than previously reported in studies that were not
based on continuous microtopographic monitoring. A total of 38 % of the sediment
eroding from burrows accumulated within the burrow entrance, while 62 % was
incorporated into hillslope sediment flux, which exceeds previous
estimations 2-fold. On average, animals burrowed between 1.2–2.3 times a
month, and the burrowing intensity increased after rainfall. This revealed a
newly detected feedback mechanism between rainfall, erosion, and animal
burrowing activity, likely leading to an underestimation of animal-triggered
hillslope sediment flux in wetter climates. Our findings hence show that the
rate of sediment redistribution due to animal burrowing is dependent on climate and that animal burrowing plays a larger than previously expected
role in hillslope sediment redistribution. Subsequently, animal burrowing
activity should be incorporated into soil erosion and landscape evolution
models that rely on soil processes but do not yet include animal-induced
surface processes on microtopographical scales in their algorithms.
Morphologic and Morphometric Differences between Gullies Formed in Different Substrates on Mars: New Insights into the Gully Formation Processes
Authors: Sinha Rishitosh Kumar , Ray Dwijesh , Haas Tjalling De , Conway Susan J. , Noblet Axel
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Martian gullies are kilometer-scale geologically young features with a source alcove, transportation channel, and depositional fan. On the walls of impact craters, these gullies typically incise into bedrock or surfaces modified by latitude dependent mantle (LDM; inferred as consisting ice and admixed dust) and glaciation. To better understand the differences in alcoves and fans of gullies formed in different substrates and infer the flow types that led to their formation, we have analyzed the morphology and morphometry of 167 gully systems in 29 craters distributed between 30° S and 75° S. Specifically we measured length, width, gradient, area, relief, and relief ratio of alcove and fan, melton ratio, relative concavity index, and perimeter, form factor, elongation ratio and circularity ratio of the alcoves. Our study reveals that alcoves formed in LDM/glacial deposits are more elongated than the alcoves formed in bedrock, and possess a distinctive V-shaped cross section. We have found that mean gradient of fans formed by gullies sourced in bedrock is steeper than the mean gradient of fans of gullies sourced in LDM/glacial deposits. These differences between gullies were found to be statistically significant and discriminant analysis has confirmed that alcove perimeter, alcove relief and fan gradient are the most important variables for differentiating gullies according to their source substrates. The comparison between the melton ratio, alcove length and fan gradient of Martian and terrestrial gullies reveals that Martian gully systems were likely formed by terrestrial debris-flow like processes. It is likely that the present-day sublimation of CO2 ice on Mars provided the adequate flow fluidization for the formation of deposits akin to terrestrial debris-flow like deposits.
XLUM: an open data format for exchange and long-term data preservation of luminescence data
Authors: Kreutzer Sebastian , Grehl Steve , Höhne Michael , Simmank Oliver , Dornich Kay , Adamiec Grzegorz , Burow Christoph , Roberts Helen , Duller Geoff
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Open data has become the modern science meme, and major funding bodies and publishers support open data. On a daily basis, however, the open data mandate frequently encounters technical obstacles, such as a lack of a suitable data format for data sharing and long-term data preservation. Such issue is often community-specific and best addressed through community-tailored solutions. In Quaternary sciences, luminescence dating is widely used for constraining the timing of event-based processes (e.g., sediment transport). Every luminescence-dating study produces a vast body of primary data that usually remains inaccessible and incompatible with future studies or adjacent scientific disciplines. To facilitate data exchange, long-term data preservation, in short, open data, in luminescence dating studies, we propose a new XML-based structured data format called XLUM. The format applies a hierarchical data storage concept consisting of a root node (node 0), a sample (node 1), a sequence (node 2), a record (node 3) and a curve (node 4). The curve level holds information on the technical component (e.g., photomultiplier, thermocouple). A finite number of curves represent a record (e.g., an optically stimulated luminescence curve). Records are part of a sequence measured for a particular sample. This design concept allows the user to retain information on a technical component level from the measurement process. The additional storage of related metadata fosters future data mining projects on large datasets. The XML-based format is less memory efficient than binary formats, however, in focus is data exchange, preservation and hence XLUM long-term format stability by design. XLUM is inherently stable to future updates and backwards compatible. We support XLUM through a new R package, `xlum', facilitating the conversion of different formats into the new XLUM format. XLUM is licensed under the MIT licence and hence available for free to be used in open and closed-source commercial and non-commercial software and research projects.
Dal Lebensraum allo spazio vitale – la ricezione politica del pensiero di Ratzel in Italia, 1900–1943
Authors: Bassoni Nicola
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The debate on the political role of Ratzel's thinking during the
first half of the 20th century usually focuses on Nazi Germany and the
concept of Lebensraum, but provides little information about its reception
in other linguistic contexts. In order to fill this gap, the paper explores
the re-elaboration of Ratzel's political geography in Italy from the
beginning of the 20th century to the end of the fascist period, when
the term of “spazio vitale” (living space) became a key element of the
Italian projects for the postwar “new order”. The paper argues that the
Italian understanding of Ratzel oscillated between irredentist and
imperialist interpretations, deeply influenced by the domestic and
international situation. Moreover, it traces how the second interpretation
emerged at the very beginning of the century – long before Rudolf
Kjellén and Karl Haushofer – and gained momentum in the 1930s, as
Italian intellectuals used the concept of living space to promote
expansionism and the trilateral rapprochement with Germany and Japan.
Global evaluation of the “dry gets drier, and wet gets wetter” paradigm from a terrestrial water storage change perspective
Authors: Xiong Jinghua , Guo Shenglian ,   Abhishek, Chen Jie , Yin Jiabo
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The “dry gets drier, and wet gets wetter” (DDWW) paradigm has
been widely used to summarize the expected trends of the global hydrologic
cycle under climate change. However, the paradigm is largely conditioned by
choice of different metrics and datasets used and is still comprehensively
unexplored from the perspective of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSAs).
Considering the essential role of TWSAs in wetting and drying of the land
system, here we built upon a large ensemble of TWSA datasets, including
satellite-based products, global hydrological models, land surface models,
and global climate models to evaluate the DDWW hypothesis during the
historical (1985–2014) and future (2071–2100) periods under various
scenarios with a 0.05 significance level (for trend estimates). We find that
11.01 %–40.84 % (range by various datasets) of global land confirms the
DDWW paradigm, while 10.21 %–35.43 % of the area shows the opposite
pattern during the historical period. In the future, the DDWW paradigm is
still challenged, with the percentage supporting the pattern lower than
18 % and both the DDWW-validated and DDWW-opposed proportion increasing
along with the intensification of emission scenarios. We show that the
different choices of data sources can reasonably influence the test results
up to a 4-fold difference. Our findings will provide insights and
implications for global wetting and drying trends from the perspective of
TWSA under climate change.
A global open-source database of flood-protection levees on river deltas (openDELvE)
Authors: Nienhuis Jaap H. , Cox Jana R. , O'Dell Joey , Edmonds Douglas A. , Scussolini Paolo
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Flood-protection levees have been built along rivers and coastlines globally. Current datasets, however, are generally confined to territorial boundaries (national datasets) and are not always easily accessible, posing limitations for hydrologic models and assessments of flood hazard. Here, we bridge this knowledge gap by collecting and standardizing global flood-protection levee data for river deltas into the open-source global river delta levee data environment, openDELvE. In openDELvE, we aggregate levee data from national databases, reports, maps, and satellite imagery. The database identifies the river delta land areas that the levees have been designed to protect. Where data are available, we record the extent and design specifications of the levees themselves (e.g., levee height, crest width, construction material) in a harmonized format. The 1657 polygons of openDELvE contain 19 248 km of levees and 44 733.505 km2 of leveed area. For the 153 deltas included in openDELvE, 17 % of the land area is confined by flood-protection levees. Around 26 % of delta population lives within the 17 % of delta area that is protected, making leveed areas densely populated. openDELvE data can help improve flood exposure assessments, many of which currently do not account for flood-protection levees. We find that current flood hazard assessments that do not include levees may exaggerate the delta flood exposure by 33 % on average, but up to 100 % for some deltas. The openDELvE is made public on an interactive platform (https://www.opendelve.eu/, 1 October 2022), which includes a community-driven revision tool to encourage inclusion of new levee data and continuous improvement and refinement of open-source levee data.
Equivalent hazard magnitude scale
Authors: Wang Yi Victor , Sebastian Antonia
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Hazard magnitude scales are widely adopted to facilitate
communication regarding hazard events and the corresponding decision making
for emergency management. A hazard magnitude scale measures the strength of
a hazard event considering the natural forcing phenomena and the severity of the event with respect to average entities at risk. However, existing hazard
magnitude scales cannot be easily adapted for comparative analysis across
different hazard types. Here, we propose an equivalent hazard magnitude
scale to measure the hazard strength of an event across multiple types of
hazards. We name the scale the Gardoni Scale after Professor Paolo Gardoni. We design the
equivalent hazard magnitude on the Gardoni Scale as a linear transformation
of the expectation of a measure of adverse impact of a hazard event given
average exposed value and vulnerability. With records of 12 hazard types
from 1900 to 2020, we demonstrate that the equivalent magnitude can be
empirically derived with historical data on hazard magnitude indicators and
records of event impacts. In this study, we model the impact metric as a
function of fatalities, total affected population, and total economic
damage. We show that hazard magnitudes of events can be evaluated and
compared across hazard types. We find that tsunami and drought events tend
to have large hazard magnitudes, while tornadoes are relatively small in
terms of hazard magnitude. In addition, we demonstrate that the scale can be used to determine hazard equivalency of individual historical events. For example, we compute that the hazard magnitude of the February 2021 North American cold wave event affecting the southern states of the United States of America was equivalent to the hazard magnitude of Hurricane Harvey in 2017 or a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. Future work will expand the current study in hazard equivalency to modelling of local intensities of hazard events and hazard conditions within a multi-hazard context.
A multi-strategy-mode waterlogging-prediction framework for urban flood depth
Authors: Zhang Zongjia , Liang Jun , Zhou Yujue , Huang Zhejun , Jiang Jie , Liu Junguo , Yang Lili
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Flooding is one of the most disruptive natural disasters, causing substantial loss of life and property damage. Coastal cities in Asia face floods almost every year due to monsoon influences. Early notification of flooding events enables governments to implement focused preventive
actions. Specifically, short-term forecasts can buy time for evacuation and emergency rescue, giving flood victims timely relief. This paper proposes a novel multi-strategy-mode waterlogging-prediction (MSMWP) framework for forecasting waterlogging depth based on time series prediction and a machine learning regression method. The framework integrates historical rainfall and waterlogging depth to predict near-future waterlogging in time under future meteorological circumstances. An expanded rainfall model is proposed to consider the positive correlation of future rainfall with waterlogging. By selecting a suitable prediction strategy, adjusting the optimal model parameters, and then comparing the different algorithms, the optimal configuration of prediction is selected. In the actual-value testing, the selected model has high computational efficiency, and the accuracy of predicting the waterlogging depth after 30 min can reach 86.1 %, which is superior to many data-driven prediction models for waterlogging depth. The framework is useful for accurately predicting the depth of a target point promptly. The prompt dissemination of early warning information is crucial to preventing casualties and property damage.
Anthropogenic and internal drivers of wind changes over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, during the 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Holland Paul R. , O'Connor Gemma K. , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Dutrieux Pierre , Naughten Kaitlin A. , Steig Eric J. , Schneider David P. , Jenkins Adrian , Smith James A.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Ocean-driven ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is a
significant contributor to sea-level rise. Recent ocean variability in the
Amundsen Sea is controlled by near-surface winds. We combine palaeoclimate
reconstructions and climate model simulations to understand past and future
influences on Amundsen Sea winds from anthropogenic forcing and internal
climate variability. The reconstructions show strong historical wind trends.
External forcing from greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion
drove zonally uniform westerly wind trends centred over the deep Southern
Ocean. Internally generated trends resemble a South Pacific Rossby wave
train and were highly influential over the Amundsen Sea continental shelf.
There was strong interannual and interdecadal variability over the Amundsen
Sea, with periods of anticyclonic wind anomalies in the 1940s and 1990s,
when rapid ice-sheet loss was initiated. Similar anticyclonic anomalies
probably occurred prior to the 20th century but without causing the present
ice loss. This suggests that ice loss may have been triggered naturally in
the 1940s but failed to recover subsequently due to the increasing
importance of anthropogenic forcing from greenhouse gases (since the 1960s)
and ozone depletion (since the 1980s). Future projections also feature
strong wind trends. Emissions mitigation influences wind trends over the
deep Southern Ocean but has less influence on winds over the Amundsen Sea
shelf, where internal variability creates a large and irreducible
uncertainty. This suggests that strong emissions mitigation is needed to
minimise ice loss this century but that the uncontrollable future influence
of internal climate variability could be equally important.
European heatwaves in present and future climate simulations: a Lagrangian analysis
Authors: Schielicke Lisa , Pfahl Stephan
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Heatwaves are prolonged periods of anomalously high temperatures that can have devastating impacts on the environment, society and economy. In recent history, heatwaves have become more intense and more numerous over most continental areas, and it is expected that this trend will continue due to the ongoing global temperature rise. This general intensification may be modified by changes also in the underlying thermodynamical and dynamical processes. In order to study potential changes in heatwave characteristics and dynamics, we compare Lagrangian backward trajectories of airstreams associated with historic (1991–2000) and future (2091–2100) heatwaves in six different European regions. We use a percentile-based method (Heat Wave Magnitude Index daily) to identify heatwaves in a large ensemble of climate simulations (Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) with 35 members). The simulations have been forced by historical representative concentration pathways (RCPs) up to 2005 and by the RCP8.5 scenario afterwards. In general, we find that air parcels associated with heatwaves are located to the east or inside the respective regions 3 d prior to the events. For future heatwaves, the model projects a north-/northeastward shift of the origin of the air masses in most study regions. Compared to climatological values, airstreams associated with heatwaves show a larger temperature increase along their trajectory, which is connected to stronger descent and/or stronger diabatic heating when the air parcels enter the boundary layer. We find stronger descent associated with adiabatic warming in the northern, more continental regions and increased diabatic heating in all regions (except of the British Isles) in the simulated future climate. The enhanced diabatic heating is even more pronounced for heatwaves over continental regions. Diabatic temperature changes of near-surface air are driven by sensible heat fluxes, which are stronger over dry soils. The amplified diabatic heating associated with future heatwaves may thus be explained by an additional drying of the land surface.
“A story with many rooms”: Twine as a tool to expand life writing practice about place and space
Authors: Jones Mia-Francesca
Published: December 2022

This article will explore how hypertext technology in Twine might be used by writers to expand and augment creative nonfiction life writing about place and space. Twine is a digital storytelling platform for creating interactive, nonlinear choose-your-own-adventure type narratives. Using a case study of a personal essay on homesickness written by the author of this article using Twine, this paper argues that Twine’s functionalities can be employed to represent and explore associative networks of memories and multi-directional thought pathways. Drawing on place theory by Gaston Bachelard and Edward Casey, it responds to the questions: how might writers represent living and moving through the multi-directional and multi-temporal nature of place? And what new mediums could be employed to reflect the exploratory creative research process of life writing about place?