bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a New Formulation of Slow-Release Amino Acids in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Bollati Carlotta , Tosi Martina , d’Adduzio Lorenza , Fanzaga Melissa , Burlina Alberto , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Lammi Carmen , Verduci Elvira
Published: February 2025

Phenylalanine (Phe)-free protein substitutes (PSs) are used to provide an adequate intake of amino acids (AAs), except Phe, allowing control of blood Phe levels in patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU). Although indicated as a standard dietary treatment for these patients, free AAs mixtures are not absorbed as natural proteins, thus creating an oxidized and inflamed state in the intestine. Nowadays, PSs on the market also include slow-release amino acids (SR-AAs) formulas. The present work aims to investigate the effects of an SR-AAs formula on both oxidative and inflammatory status in human intestinal Caco-2 cells, comparing its mechanism of action with that of a mixture of free AAs. In more detail, oxidative stress and inflammation were induced at the cellular level using H2O2 and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), respectively, and both free AAs and SR-AAs PSs were tested to evaluate if they were able to restore a more balanced condition. According to our findings, free AAs aggravate the intestinal oxidative and inflammatory status caused by H2O2 and LPS in human intestinal Caco-2 cells, which SR-AAs significantly improve. In conclusion, our results offer preclinical novelty on these products’ mechanisms of action, thus improving the dietary management of patients with PKU.
The Dual Role of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease: Pathological Mechanisms and Diagnostic Potential
Authors: Myszko Marcin , Bychowski Jerzy , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta , Łuczaj Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), with both beneficial and detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. On one hand, the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling, which are central to the development and progression of CAD. These pathological effects drive key processes such as atherosclerosis, plaque formation, and thrombosis. On the other hand, moderate levels of oxidative stress can have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. These include regulating vascular tone by promoting blood vessel dilation, supporting endothelial function through nitric oxide production, and enhancing the immune response to prevent infections. Additionally, oxidative stress can stimulate cellular adaptation to stress, promote cell survival, and encourage angiogenesis, which helps form new blood vessels to improve blood flow. Oxidative stress also holds promise as a source of biomarkers that could aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of CAD. Specific oxidative markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), isoprostanes (isoP), ischemia-modified albumin, and antioxidant enzyme activity, have been identified as potential indicators of disease severity and therapeutic response. This review explores the dual nature of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and CAD, examining its mechanisms in disease pathogenesis as well as its emerging role in clinical diagnostics and targeted therapies. The future directions for research aimed at harnessing the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of oxidative stress biomarkers are also discussed. Understanding the balance between the detrimental and beneficial effects of oxidative stress could lead to innovative approaches in the prevention and management of CAD.
Postbiotic Sodium Butyrate Mitigates Hypertension and Kidney Dysfunction in Juvenile Rats Exposed to Microplastics
Authors: Tain You-Lin , Lin Ying-Jui , Hou Chih-Yao , Chang-Chien Guo-Ping , Lin Shu-Fen , Hsu Chien-Ning
Published: February 2025

Background: Plastic production has led to widespread microplastic (MP) pollution, with children more vulnerable to MPs than adults. However, the mechanisms linking MP exposure to hypertension and kidney disease in children remain unclear. This study explored whether sodium butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, could mitigate MP-induced hypertension and kidney damage in juvenile rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8/group): control, low-dose MP (1 mg/L), high-dose MP (10 mg/L), and high-dose MP with sodium butyrate (400 mg/kg/day). Rats were euthanized at 12 weeks. Results: High-dose MP exposure impaired kidney function and increased blood pressure, which were alleviated by sodium butyrate through reduced oxidative stress, modulation of gut microbiota, increased plasma butyric acid levels, and enhanced renal SCFA-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 43 expression. Conclusions: Sodium butyrate holds potential for mitigating MP-induced hypertension by reducing oxidative stress, modulating the gut microbiota, and elevating butyric acid levels.
Peptide Fraction from Naja mandalayensis Snake Venom Showed Neuroprotection Against Oxidative Stress in Hippocampal mHippoE-18 Cells but Not in Neuronal PC12 Cells
Authors: Silva Brenda R. , Mendes Lais C. , Echeverry Marcela B. , Juliano Maria Aparecida , Beraldo-Neto Emidio , Alberto-Silva Carlos
Published: February 2025

Functional characterization of peptide fraction (PF) from snake venom has provided novel opportunities to investigate possible neuroprotective compounds relevant to pharmaceuticals. This study was performed to investigate the PF-mediated neuroprotection obtained from Naja mandalayensis snake venom, a member of the Elapidae family, using two neuronal cell lines, undifferentiated PC12 and differentiated mHippoE-18, in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Cells were pre-treated for 4 h with PF (10, 1, 0.01, and 0.001 μg mL−1), and thereafter exposed to H2O2 (0.5 mmol L−1) for 20 h. Then, the oxidative stress markers and label-free differential proteome strategy were analyzed to understand the neuroprotective effects of PF. In PC12 cells, PF showed no neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. In mHippoE-18 cells, PF at 0.01 and 0.001 μg mL−1 increased the viability and metabolism of cells against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Interestingly, PF also exhibited a substantial reduction in baseline ROS levels compared to the control, indicating that PF could have compounds with antioxidant features. The comparative proteomic profiling identified 53 proteins with differential expression related to antioxidant action, catalysis, molecular function regulators, structural molecule activity, translation regulatory activity, ATP, and binding. The PF + H2O2 group indicated that protein expression is 6% upregulated, 4% downregulated, and 94% unchanged compared to the H2O2 group. Three significant proteins upregulated in the PF + H2O2 group, including elongation factor 2 (P58252), proteasome subunit alpha type (E9Q0X0), and E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (A0A338P786), suggested that PF-mediated neuroprotection happens through translational regulation and the degradation of defective proteins via the proteasome complex. Additionally, differential protein expression in PF changed the metabolism, protein synthesis, synaptic activity, and intracellular transport, suggesting that PF contains the rich mixture of bioactive peptides of interest pharmacologically. Overall, this study offers new opportunities for evaluating whether PF’s neuroprotective features in specific neuronal cells are maintained and to investigate neurodegenerative disease drug development processes.
Redefining Archaeological Research: Digital Tools, Challenges, and Integration in Advancing Methods
Authors: Sylaiou Stella , Tsifodimou Zoi-Eirini , Evangelidis Konstantinos , Stamou Aikaterini , Tavantzis Ioannis , Skondras Alexandros , Stylianidis Efstratios
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the diverse array of digital tools utilized for data acquisition in archaeology. This abstract outlines the various categories of digital tools commonly employed, including geographic information systems (GISs), global positioning systems (GPSs), remote sensing technologies, 3D scanning and photogrammetry, drones and aerial photography, as well as mobile applications and digital recording systems. Each category is elucidated with examples of their application in archaeological research, emphasizing their roles in site mapping, spatial data collection, artefact documentation, and landscape analysis. Furthermore, it discusses the advancements, challenges, and best practices associated with the integration of digital tools into archaeological fieldwork. It also highlights the potential for future developments in digital technologies to enhance data acquisition capabilities further, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of human history and cultural heritage.
Environmental Management of the Recovery Site in Accordance with the DNSH Principle: The Case of Palazzo Lazzaro in Fossa (AQ)
Authors: Laurini Eleonora , Rotilio Marianna , Petacciato Filomena
Published: February 2025

The construction sector, by its very nature complex and multifaceted, is constantly looking for new methods capable of improving the management system of a project, increasing the efficiency and productivity of some operational phases related to careful planning of the works. To date, the aspects related to sustainability are attributable to the materials used and energy consumption of buildings, but the construction phase of a building is the most harmful moment for the environment. This research has as its primary objective the in-depth study of one of the salient aspects of Facility Management: the guarantee of and compliance with environmental standards, in particular during the construction phase. In more detail, the aspect of the acquisition of methodologies for the environmental management of the recovery site will be explored through compliance with the so-called DNSH (Do Not Significant Harm) Principle, introduced by the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), an economic instrument that supports the national recovery and resilience plans (PNRR). Environmental management will be explored through the creation of an environmental sustainability protocol applied to the construction phase and drawn up on the basis of current environmental legislation. The protocol was validated with the application of the ACS (Sustainable Construction Site Certificate) in a case study located in Italy, Palazzo Lazzaro, which is located in the post-earthquake reconstruction areas, in particular, in Fossa (AQ).
Advanced Fitted Mesh Finite Difference Strategies for Solving ‘n’ Two-Parameter Singularly Perturbed Convection–Diffusion System
Authors: Arthur Jenolin , Mathiyazhagan Joseph Paramasivam , Chatzarakis George E. , Panetsos S. L.
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a robust finite difference method on a fitted Shishkin mesh to solve a system of n singularly perturbed convection–reaction–diffusion differential equations with two small parameters. Defined on the interval [0,1], this system exhibits boundary layers due to the presence of small parameters, making accurate numerical approximations challenging. The method employs a piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh that adapts to layer regions and efficiently captures the solution’s behavior. The scheme is proven to be uniformly convergent with respect to the perturbation parameters, achieving nearly first-order accuracy. Comprehensive numerical experiments validate the theoretical results, illustrating the method’s robustness and efficiency in handling parameter-sensitive boundary layers.
Cognitive Computing and Business Intelligence Applications in Accounting, Finance and Management
Authors: Ao Sio-Iong , Hurwitz Marc , Palade Vasile
Published: February 2025

Cognitive computing encompasses computing tools and methods that simulate and mimic the process of human thinking, without human supervision. Deep neural network architectures, natural language processing, big data tools, and self-learning tools based on pattern recognition have been widely deployed to solve highly complex problems. Business intelligence enhances collaboration among different organizational departments with data-driven conversations and provides an organization with meaningful data interpretation for making strategic decisions on time. Since the introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022, the tremendous impacts of using Large Language Models have been rippling through cognitive computing, business intelligence, and their applications in accounting, finance, and management. Unlike other recent reviews in related areas, this review focuses precisely on the cognitive computing perspective, with frontier applications in accounting, finance, and management. Some current limitations and future directions of cognitive computing are also discussed.
Development and Validation of a Hypertension Risk Prediction Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization–Support Vector Machine
Authors: You Rou , Tao Qiaoli , Wang Siqi , Cao Lixing , Zeng Kexue , Lin Juncai , Chen Hao
Published: February 2025

Background: Hypertension is a prevalent health issue, especially among the elderly, and is linked to multiple complications. Early and accurate detection is crucial for effective management. Traditional detection methods may be limited in accuracy and efficiency, prompting the exploration of advanced computational techniques. Machine learning algorithms, combined with optimization methods, show potential in enhancing hypertension detection. Methods: In 2022, data from 1460 hypertensive and 1416 non-hypertensive individuals aged 65 and above were collected from the Lujingdong Outpatient Department of the Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Particle Swarm Optimization–Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) models were developed, validated using the holdout method, and evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), accuracy, G-mean, F1 score, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results: The PSO-SVM model outperformed the standard SVM, especially in sensitivity (93.9%), F1 score (0.838), and AUC-ROC (0.871). Conclusion: The PSO-SVM model is effective for complex classifications, particularly in hypertension detection, providing a basis for early diagnosis and treatment.
Simulating Habitat Suitability Changes of Threadfin Porgy (Evynnis cardinalis) in the Northern South China Sea Using Ensemble Models Under Medium-to-Long-Term Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Zhang Junyi , Li Jiajun , Cai Yancong , Zhang Kui , Xu Youwei , Chen Zuozhi , Xu Shannan
Published: February 2025

The impact of global warming on fish distribution is a key factor in fishery management and sustainable development. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of Evynnis cardinalis under climate change. This study addresses this gap by predicting the species distribution under current conditions and three future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585) using five individual models and four ensemble models. The results demonstrate that the ensemble models outperform the single models, with majority voting (EMca) achieving the highest accuracy (ROC = 0.97, TSS = 0.85). Bathymetry (BM) and the sea surface height (SSH) are the primary factors influencing the distribution. The predictions indicate that the currently suitable habitats of E. cardinalis are primarily located in the Beibu Gulf region of the northern South China Sea. Under future climate scenarios, suitable habitat areas are expected to expand to higher latitudes and deeper waters, though highly suitable habitats in the western Guangdong coastal waters, western Beibu Gulf, and southwestern offshore waters of Hainan Island will significantly decrease.
Polysome Profiling Proves Impaired IL-10 and Caspase-8 Translation in PBMCs of Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Dawood Amanda , Fiedler Roman , Markau Silke , Girndt Matthias , Ulrich Christof
Published: February 2025

Triggered by uremic intoxication, a surplus of inflammatory mediators is present in the serum of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Anti-inflammatory counterbalancing mechanisms initiated by interleukin-10 (IL-10) and caspase-8 (Casp-8) appear to be disturbed. Earlier observations let us suppose that translational rather than transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for this effect. Therefore, we investigated the polysome profiling of isolated PBMCs to study gene-specific mRNAs attached to monosomes and polysomes in HD patients (n = 42), patients with lipid disorder and normal renal function (LD, n = 10) and healthy control subjects (CO, n = 9). CRP (C-reactive protein) as a marker of inflammation was significantly elevated in HD and LD patients compared to CO subjects. NGAL (neutrophil-associated lipocalin), a potential marker of kidney disease and inflammation was increased in HD versus LD and CO. LD patients, however, had significantly higher proteosomal IL-10 and Casp-8 activities. LD and HD are two high cardiovascular risk groups with microinflammation. Lower translational activities of IL-10 and Casp-8 mRNAs in HD may be the result of a weak anti-inflammatory response potentially associated with the uremic immune defect.
Research on the Relationship Between Managerial Pro-Social Rule Breaking and Employees’ Workplace Deviant Behavior from the Broken Windows Effect Perspective
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Liu Wenping , Deborah Safi Rubuye
Published: February 2025

In enterprises, managers often intentionally break the rules out of altruistic motives, which is called managerial pro-social rule breaking (MPSRB). Most studies have focused on its positive consequences, while its potential dark side is neglected and lacks exploration. To bridge this gap, based on the broken windows theory, this study tries to investigate the mechanism and boundary of MPSRB’s influence on employees’ workplace deviance, introducing organizational anomie as a mediating variable and normative conflict as a moderating variable. An experiment study and a time-lagged questionnaire survey were conducted in mainland China. The results revealed the following: MPSRB had a positive impact on the perceived organizational anomie of employees; organizational anomie mediated the influence of MPSRB on employees’ workplace deviance; normative conflict moderated the influence of MPSRB on organizational anomie; normative conflict negatively moderated the indirect effect of organizational anomie. This study provides a new perspective on the mechanism and boundary of the negative consequences of MPSRB and provides practical implications for enterprises to reduce the employees’ deviance caused by MPSRB.
Preclinical Evaluation of the Safety, Toxicity and Efficacy of Genetically Modified Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Expressing the Antimicrobial Peptide SE-33
Authors: Gasanov Vagif Ali oglu , Kashirskikh Dmitry Alexandrovich , Khotina Victoria Alexandrovna , Kuzmina Daria Mikhailovna , Nikitochkina Sofya Yurievna , Mukhina Irina Vasilievna , Vorotelyak Ekaterina Andreevna , Vasiliev Andrey Valentinovich
Published: February 2025

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) offer promising therapeutic potential in cell-based therapies for various diseases. However, the safety of genetically modified MSCs remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the general toxicity and safety of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) engineered to express the antimicrobial peptide SE-33 in an animal model. Genetically modified WJ-MSCs expressing SE-33 were administered to C57BL/6 mice at both therapeutic and excessive doses, either once or repeatedly. Animal monitoring included mortality, clinical signs, and behavioral observations. The toxicity assessment involved histopathological, hematological, and biochemical analyses of major organs and tissues, while immunotoxicity and immunogenicity were examined through humoral and cellular immune responses, macrophage phagocytic activity, and lymphocyte blast transformation. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated in a Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia model by monitoring animal mortality and assessing bacterial load and inflammatory processes in the lungs. Mice receiving genetically modified WJ-MSCs exhibited no acute or chronic toxicity, behavioral abnormalities, or pathological changes, regardless of the dose or administration frequency. No significant immunotoxicity or alterations in immune responses were observed, and there were no notable changes in hematological or biochemical serum parameters. Infected animals treated with WJ-MSC-SE33 showed a significant reduction in bacterial load and lung inflammation and improved survival compared to control groups, demonstrating efficacy over native WJ-MSCs. Our findings suggest that WJ-MSCs expressing SE-33 are well tolerated, displaying a favorable safety profile comparable to native WJ-MSCs and potent antimicrobial activity, significantly reducing bacterial load, inflammation, and mortality in an S. aureus pneumonia model. These data support the safety profile of WJ-MSCs expressing SE-33 as a promising candidate for cell-based therapies for bacterial infections, particularly those complicated by antibiotic resistance.
Computational Design and Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives as TGF-β Pathway Inhibitors for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Heras-Martínez Héctor M. , Sánchez-Ramírez Blanca , Landeros-Martínez Linda-Lucila , Ramos-Sánchez Víctor H. , Camacho-Dávila Alejandro A. , Marichev Kostiantyn O. , Bugarin Alejandro , Chávez-Flores David
Published: February 2025

Background: This study investigates the synthesis and pharmacological potential of N-substituted isoindoline-1,3-dione (phthalimide) derivatives. Using the M06 meta-GGA hybrid functional with a polarized 6-311G(d,p) basis set, computational evaluations assessed their impact on apoptosis modulation in colon cancer cells. Molecular docking studies targeted the TGF-β protein (PDB: 1RW8) at the ALK5 binding site. On this study fourteen molecules were evaluated (P1–P14) and six (P1, P3, P4, P5, P7, and P13) demonstrated promising binding values. Methods: from the fourteen studied compounds five compounds (P2, P4, P7, P10, and P11) were successfully synthesized and fully characterized. The reactions were monitored via TLC and HPLC confirming high-purity compounds. Functional groups were identified through FTIR and structural characterization was supported by NMR analyses. Results: Density functional theory calculations and docking simulations allowed to classified the compounds as potential ALK5 inhibitors. Synthesized derivatives were developed in yields from 85 to 99% and showed better binding affinities than Capecitabine (−6.95 kcal/mol) used as control compound, with P7 (5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) acetate) leading the group with a binding energy of −12.28 kcal/mol. Other synthesized compounds also exhibited significant affinities: P4 (−11.42 kcal/mol), P10 (−8.99 kcal/mol), P11 (−7.50 kcal/mol), and P2 (−7.22 kcal/mol). Conclusions: Integrating computational insights with experimental validation highlights the therapeutic potential of phthalimide derivatives, particularly P7. The study underscores a rigorous approach to identifying promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics, warranting further exploration.
Giving Voices: Qualitative Study on Parental Experiences of Caring for Children with Cerebral Palsy or Developmental Disabilities in South Korea
Authors: Choi Bogcheon
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the lived experiences of Korean parents caring for children with cerebral palsy or developmental disabilities, focusing on the challenges they face. It highlights systemic and societal factors, including gaps in diagnostic processes, financial support, access to information, and inclusive education. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 parents, recruited through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key patterns and challenges in their experiences. Results: Parents reported significant difficulties, including delayed and insensitive diagnostic processes, financial burdens due to inadequate welfare support, and limited access to coordinated information. Educational challenges included disabling attitudes among teachers and a lack of genuine inclusion. Societal stigma further compounded their struggles. Despite these obstacles, parents demonstrated resilience and advocated for their children’s needs. Despite these obstacles, parents demonstrated resilience and advocated for their children’s needs. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by parents of disabled children in South Korea, emphasizing the need for systemic reforms to foster a more inclusive and supportive environment for these families.
A Narrative Review on Advancing Pediatric Oral Health: Comprehensive Strategies for the Prevention and Management of Dental Challenges in Children
Authors: Han Sung-Ying , Chang Chia-Lin , Wang Yung-Li , Wang Ching-Shuen , Lee Wei-Ju , Vo Thi Thuy Tien , Chen Yuh-Lien , Cheng Chueh-Yi , Lee I-Ta
Published: February 2025

Oral health is fundamental to overall well-being, especially in childhood, when dental structures and lifelong habits are established. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of children’s dental development, common oral health challenges, and evidence-based preventive strategies. Key topics include the mechanisms of tooth development, the eruption processes of primary and permanent dentition, and the management of developmental abnormalities. The prevalence, risk factors, and health impacts of dental caries in children are examined, underscoring the need for early intervention and targeted prevention. This review evaluates the effectiveness of preventive measures such as dental sealants, fluoride varnishes, and fluoride mouth rinses while highlighting the influence of dietary habits, toothbrush selection, and parental involvement on oral health outcomes. Additionally, it explores the synergistic benefits of combining preventive approaches, such as the concurrent use of dental sealants and fluoride applications, which have demonstrated superior caries prevention compared to either method alone. The effectiveness of these strategies is analyzed across different age groups, from early childhood to adolescence, with tailored recommendations for each developmental stage. Furthermore, the role of education, policy interventions, and community-based programs in addressing oral health disparities is discussed. By integrating developmental insights with epidemiological data and clinical evidence, this review provides a comprehensive framework for advancing pediatric dentistry, informing best practices, and enhancing preventive strategies to reduce the burden of oral diseases in diverse pediatric populations.
Enhancement and Mechanism of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Termite Ball Fungus Athelia termitophila by Methyl Jasmonate
Authors: Fang Yong-Gang , Khan Zahid , Hu Fang-Cheng , Su Xiao-Hong , Xing Lian-Xi
Published: February 2025

Ergosterol is a component of fungal cell membranes that has physiological functions and applications in drugs, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-fungal, and other immunosuppressive activities. The fungus Athelia termitophila, also known as the termite ball fungus, primarily contains secondary metabolites (like active ingredients) that are similar to ergosterol. To enhance the synthesis of ergosterol and mycelial biomass in termite ball fungus, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid were used to stimulate the biosynthesis of ergosterol compounds during the growth of TMB mycelium and relative quantitative levels of gene transcripts. The conditions of the inducers were optimized. Under 80 µmol/L MJ incubation conditions, the content of ergosterol compounds in TMB was increased by 2.23-fold compared with the wild-type strain. RT-qPCR results at the transcriptional level of ergosterol synthesis pathway genes showed that MJ significantly induced the expression of HMGR (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Reductase), HMGS (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Synthase), SE (Squalene Epoxidase), and FPS (Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase) genes in the ergosterol synthesis pathway. For expression levels at different induction days, we collected 7/10 d and 4/6/8 d samples with similar expression patterns, as well as SS (Squalene Synthase)/FPS (Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase), SE (Squalene Epoxidase)/MVD (Mevalonate Diphosphate Decarboxylase), and HMGS (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Synthase)/HMGR (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Reductase) genes with similar expression patterns, which resulted in gene transcription data during ergosterol content synthesis. The current study provides an effective method to increase the ergosterol contents in termite ball fungus and a new idea for the mechanism of MJ-induced ergosterol compound biosynthesis.
The Protective Effects of Perch Essence Against Muscle Atrophy in Cancer Cachexia and Cisplatin Treatment
Authors: Yeh Shu-Lan , Chen Pei-Yin , Liao Jiunn-Wang , Huang Ruo-Li , Yu Shu-Han , Chen Ling-Ni , Lee Mao-Hsiang , Chen Li-Wen , Chen Haw-Wen , Yang Ya-Chen , Wu Yu-Ling , Liu Kai-Li
Published: February 2025

Muscle atrophy, through several pathways including increased protein catabolism, leads to adverse effects in cachexia induced by cancer and chemotherapy. Perch essence (PE) is a perch extract rich in branched-chain amino acids and peptides. The present study initially investigated the effects of PE supplementation on muscle atrophy in a mouse model of cancer cachexia induced by C26 cancer cells and compared these effects with those of tryptone. Compared with the tumor-only group, we found that PE supplementation significantly improved body weight, muscle mass, maximum limb grip strength (MLGS), and myosin heavy chain expression in the muscles of tumor-bearing mice. PE also significantly inhibited the expression of factors related to protein degradation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, while enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes in tumor-bearing mice. These effects of PE were associated with an increased expression of phosphorylated Akt and forkhead box protein O1, along with a reduced expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 in the muscles of tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, PE similarly increased MLGS and attenuated muscle atrophy in mice exposed to cisplatin by inhibiting protein degradation. All the therapeutic effects of PE supplementation mentioned above were generally greater than those of tryptone supplementation. These results suggest the potential of PE in protecting against muscle atrophy induced by tumors or chemotherapy.
Projected Drought Intensification in the Büyük Menderes Basin Under CMIP6 Climate Scenarios
Authors: Rotbeei Farzad , Nuri Balov Mustafa , Safari Mir Jafar Sadegh , Vaheddoost Babak
Published: February 2025

The amplitude and interval of drought events are expected to enhance in upcoming years resulting from global warming and climate alterations. Understanding future drought events’ potential impacts is important for effective regional adaptation and mitigation approaches. The main goal of this research is to study the impacts of climate change on drought in the Büyük Menderes Basin located in the Aegean region of western Türkiye by using the outcomes of three general circulation models (GCMs) from CMIP6 considering two different emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Following a bias correction using a linear scaling method, daily precipitation and temperature projections are used to compute the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The effectiveness of the GCMs in projecting precipitation and temperature is evaluated using observational data from the reference period (1985–2014). Future drought conditions are then assessed based on drought indices for three periods: 2015–2040 (near future), 2041–2070 (mid-term future), and 2071–2100 (late future). Consequently, the number of dry months is projected and expected to elevate, informed by SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, during the late-century timeframe (2071–2100) in comparison to the baseline period (1985–2014). The findings of this study offer an important understanding for crafting adaptation strategies aimed at reducing future drought impacts in the Büyük Menderes Basin in the face of changing climate conditions.
Post-COVID-19 Barriers and Attitudes Associated with Online College Course Selection
Authors: Thomas Jack R. , Harb Amanda A. , Watters Pam , Pothen Ashley S.
Published: February 2025

During COVID-19 “lockdown” most high school and college students experienced a sudden ending of face-to-face classes and were forced into multiple, rapidly prepared online courses. These experiences produced students more knowledgeable about online education than ever before. With this came a degree of certainty regarding their future educational delivery preferences. This survey (2021–2024) examined the attitudes and barriers associated with online course selection at a university within the State University of New York (SUNY) system. Using an introductory nutrition course, 658 surveys were exclusively collected from the face-to-face sections of a Natural Science course. Only 30.2% of these students reported a preference for online courses. Respondents reported similar percentages on Course Difficulty (48.5% online vs. 51.5% face-to-face) and which course required more Work/Time (43.2% online vs. 56.8% face-to-face). Previous negative online experiences were affirmed by 27.4% of the students. Importantly, only 14.5% self-reported a better academic performance in online courses. Major online avoidance variables were boredom (53.1%), inferior learning (52.9%), and communication limitations (43.0%). Surprisingly, 67.7% stated they would consider taking future online courses. Understanding post-COVID-19 student attitudes and barriers provides useful information and should be part of any comprehensive approach to future online education design and implementation.
Comparing the Utility of Capture–Mark–Recapture, Telemetry, and Genetic Data in Assessing Population-Level Dispersal
Authors: Sirsi Shashwat , Halstead Brian J. , Morrison Michael L. , Green M. Clay , Rodriguez David , Forstner Michael R. J.
Published: February 2025

Gaps in dispersal data limit habitat protection efforts. We sought to characterize such gaps and compare the utility of dispersal data from demographic and genetic methods in making habitat protection decisions. Here, we used a search string to retrieve dispersal studies for amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We included studies based on a set of selection criteria. We used this sample of selected studies to assess for persistence of taxonomic and geographic biases. We extracted non-effective (i.e., demographic) and effective (i.e., genetic) dispersal rates. We weighted these dispersal rates by associated sample size and standard deviation to indicate the ability to capture population-level dispersal. We then tested for variation in weighted dispersal by study type using Bayesian mixed-effects models. Amphibians were the most under-represented taxonomic group in our sample. Dispersal studies were mostly retrieved from developed nations indicating the distribution of dispersal research reflected GDP rather than the number of threatened species. The magnitude of dispersal from genetic methods exceeded demographic methods in all vertebrate groups considered in our study. Further, genetic studies consistently sampled a larger number of individuals. Thus, genetic methods may be better suited to characterize population-level dispersal. However, demographic and genetic approaches enable examination of the dispersal process at varying spatial and temporal scales and a combination of these approaches can be used to address persistent gaps in dispersal and enable land-management decisions.
Artificial Intelligence-Supported and App-Aided Cephalometric Analysis: Which One Can We Trust?
Authors: Koz Senol , Uslu-Akcam Ozge
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to compare the reproducibility and reliability of the AI-supported WebCeph and app-aided OneCeph cephalometric analysis programs with a manual analysis method and to evaluate the analysis times. Methods: The study material consisted of pretreatment lateral cephalograms from 110 cases. Cephalometric analyses were performed manually, using the WebCeph program, and using the OneCeph application. A total of 11 skeletal, 6 dental, and 3 soft tissue parameters were measured. Cephalometric analyses of 30 randomly selected cases were performed again using three methods. The analysis times were recorded. Results: The WebCeph program and OneCeph application are highly compatible with the manual analysis method in terms of all parameters, except for SN measurement. It was found that the WebCeph program and the OneCeph application demonstrated moderate agreement in U1-NA distance measurement, while statistically high agreement was observed among all three methods for other dental parameters. It was determined that there was a moderate agreement among the methods in terms of nasolabial angle, whereas a statistically high level of agreement was found for the other soft tissue parameters. The analysis time was found to be the lowest in the WebCeph program and the highest in the manual analysis method. Conclusions: The WebCeph program and OneCeph application showed a high degree of compatibility with the manual analysis method, except for SN, SNA, Gonial angle, Articular angle, U1-NA distance and nasolabial angle measurements. Due to the higher correlation between OneCeph and the manual method, it can be concluded that the OneCeph application is the best alternative to the manual method.
Pancreatic Volume in Thalassemia: Determinants and Association with Alterations of Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Meloni Antonella , Restaino Gennaro , Positano Vincenzo , Pistoia Laura , Keilberg Petra , Santodirocco Michele , Spasiano Anna , Casini Tommaso , Serra Marilena , De Marco Emanuela , Roberti Maria Grazia , Bagnato Sergio , Pepe Alessia , Clemente Alberto , Missere Massimiliano
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the pancreatic volume between beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) and beta-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI) patients and between thalassemia patients and healthy subjects and to determine the predictors of pancreatic volume and its association with glucose metabolism in β-TM and β-TI patients. Methods: We considered 145 β-TM patients and 19 β-TI patients enrolled in the E-MIOT project and 20 healthy subjects. The pancreatic volume and pancreatic and hepatic iron levels were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The pancreatic volume indexed by body surface area (PVI) was significantly lower in both β-TI and β-TM patients compared to healthy subjects and in β-TM patients compared to β-TI patients. The only independent determinants of PVI were pancreatic iron in β-TM and hepatic iron in β-TI. In β-TM, there was an association between alterations of glucose metabolism and PVI, and PVI was a comparable predictor of altered glucose metabolism compared to pancreatic iron. Only one β-TI patient had an altered glucose metabolism and showed a reduced PVI and pancreatic iron overload. Conclusions: Thalassemia syndromes are characterized by a reduced pancreatic volume, associated with iron levels. In β-TM, the pancreatic volume and iron deposition are associated with the development and progression of alterations of glucose metabolism.
UAV Localization in Urban Area Mobility Environment Based on Monocular VSLAM with Deep Learning
Authors: Norbelt Mutagisha , Luo Xiling , Sun Jinping , Claude Uwimana
Published: February 2025

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) play a major role in different applications, including surveillance, mapping, and disaster relief, particularly in urban environments. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for UAV localization in outdoor environments using monocular ORB-SLAM3 integrated with optical flow and YOLOv5 for enhanced performance. The proposed system addresses the challenges of accurate localization in dynamic outdoor environments where traditional GPS methods may falter. By leveraging the capabilities of ORB-SLAM3, the UAV can effectively map its environment while simultaneously tracking its position using visual information from a single camera. The integration of optical flow techniques allows for accurate motion estimation between consecutive frames, which is critical for maintaining accurate localization amidst dynamic changes in the environment. YOLOv5 is a highly efficient model utilized for real-time object detection, enabling the system to identify and classify dynamic objects within the UAV’s field of view. This dual approach of using both optical flow and deep learning enhances the robustness of the localization process by filtering out dynamic features that could otherwise cause mapping errors. Experimental results show that the combination of monocular ORB-SLAM3, optical flow, and YOLOv5 significantly improves localization accuracy and reduces trajectory errors compared to traditional methods. In terms of absolute trajectory error and average tracking time, the suggested approach performs better than ORB-SLAM3 and DynaSLAM. For real-time SLAM applications in dynamic situations, our technique is especially well-suited due to its potential to achieve lower latency and greater accuracy. These improvements guarantee more dependable performance in a variety of scenarios in addition to increasing overall efficiency. The framework effectively distinguishes between static and dynamic elements, allowing for more reliable map construction and navigation. The results show that our proposed method (U-SLAM) produces a considerable decrease of up to 43.47% in APE and 26.47% RPE in S000, and its accuracy is higher for sequences with moving objects and more motion inside the image.
Inland Water Quality Monitoring Using Airborne Small Cameras: Enhancing Suspended Sediment Retrieval and Mitigating Sun Glint Effects
Authors: Olivetti Diogo , Roig Henrique L. , Martinez Jean-Michel , Ferreira Alexandre M. R. , Marinho Rogério R. , Mincato Ronaldo L. , Martins Eduardo Sávio P. R.
Published: February 2025

The ongoing advancement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the evolution of small-scale cameras have bridged the gap between traditional ground-based surveys and orbital sensors. However, these systems present challenges, including limited coverage area, image stabilization constraints, and complex image processing. In water quality monitoring, these difficulties are further compounded by sun glint effects, which hinder the construction of accurate orthomosaics in homogeneous water surfaces and affect radiometric accuracy. This study focuses on evaluating these challenges by comparing two distinct airborne imaging platforms with different spectral resolutions, emphasizing Total Suspended Solids (TSS) monitoring. Hyperspectral airborne surveys were undertaken utilizing a pushbroom system comprising 276 bands, whereas multispectral airborne surveys were conducted employing a global shutter frame with 4 bands. Fifteen aerial survey campaigns were carried out over water bodies from two biomes in Brazil (Amazon and Savanna), at varying concentrations of TSS (0.6–130.7 mg L−1, N: 53). Empirical models using near-infrared channels were applied to accurately monitor TSS in all areas (Hyperspectral camera—RMSE = 3.6 mg L−1, Multispectral camera—RMSE = 9.8 mg L−1). Furthermore, a key contribution of this research is the development and application of Sun Glint mitigation techniques, which significantly improve the reliability of airborne reflectance measurements. By addressing these radiometric challenges, this study provides critical insights into the optimal UAV platform for TSS monitoring in inland waters, enhancing the accuracy and applicability of airborne remote sensing in aquatic environments.
Deep Generative Modeling: From Probabilistic Framework to Generative AI
Authors: Tomczak Jakub M.
Published: February 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unlocked a new frontier in AI applications, significantly advancing the field of generative modeling [...]
Dropout Rate Model Analysis at an Engineering School
Authors: Orozco-Rodríguez Claudia , Viegas Clara , Costa Alexandra R. , Lima Natércia , Alves Gustavo R.
Published: February 2025

The phenomenon of student dropout in higher education presents significant challenges for students, higher education institutions, governments, and society. The present study focuses on the dropout rates within the engineering programmes at one school of engineering in Mexico. This study uses a quantitative approach with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. Exploratory, descriptive, and correlational analyses of historical data from the University Information and Administration Integral System were performed. A logistic regression model was applied to assess the influence of various demographic, academic, and socioeconomic factors on the likelihood of student dropout. The results show some predictive variables, namely, Gender, Displaced students from home, High school GPA, and Mathematical skills. In conclusion, the group of students identified as the most likely to drop out comprised males who were studying very far away from home, who studied in a private high school in a general programme (not technological), and who presented lower grades in math. Since most dropouts were identified in the first two semesters, students who perform poorly in these semesters and have the former characteristics could benefit from special attention.
A Coaching-Based Training for Underrepresented Mentors in STEM
Authors: Tuck Molly E. , Palomino Kaylee A. , Bradley Julie A. , Mohr-Schroeder Margaret , Bradley Luke H.
Published: February 2025

As an approach, coaching-based models have been demonstrated to enhance student self-efficacy, improve grades, and increase retention and graduation rates. Coaching-based training models are also key in mentor development, focusing on open-ended questions and active listening to create supportive environments where mentees can independently find solutions. This approach not only builds mentors’ communication and leadership skills but also enhances their adaptability and problem-solving abilities. For underrepresented groups in STEM, such training positions mentors as knowledge facilitators, helping bridge gaps in mentorship experiences and bolstering confidence in their roles, thereby contributing to a more inclusive and effective learning ecosystem. This study investigates the impact of a coaching-based approach to near-peer mentor training within the UK START program, focusing on high school student participants. Interviews revealed significant benefits, including enhanced communication skills, particularly in asking open-ended questions and avoiding judgmental language. Mentors also reported improved composure in stressful situations, often utilizing techniques such as deep breathing to manage emotions during interactions with young campers. Additionally, participants experienced personal growth, seeing themselves as leaders and role models, which they attributed to the mentorship training. The role affirmed their confidence in their STEM knowledge and sparked interest in future mentorship roles. These findings suggest that structured coaching-based training can build a supportive environment, benefiting both mentors and mentees.