bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved prognosis of hepatitis C‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Fukumoto Tsuyoshi , Minami Tatsuya , Moriyama Makoto , Yamada Tomoharu , Wake Taijiro , Kinoshita Mizuki Nishibatake , Fujiwara Naoto , Nakagomi Ryo , Nakatsuka Takuma , Sato Masaya , Enooku Kenichiro , Nakagawa Hayato , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Shiina Shuichiro , Koike Kazuhiko , Tateishi Ryosuke
Published: June 2022

The prognostic impact of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) on patients with hepatitis C‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (C‐HCC) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of C‐HCC in the DAA era. We enrolled 1237 consecutive patients with treatment‐naive C‐HCC who underwent radical radiofrequency ablation between 1999 and 2019. We also enrolled 350 patients with nonviral HCC as controls. We divided these patients into three groups according to the year of initial treatment: 1999–2005 (cohort 1), 2006–2013 (cohort 2), and 2014–2019 (cohort 3). The use of antiviral agents and their effect in patients with C‐HCC was investigated. Overall survival was evaluated for each cohort using the Kaplan‐Meier method and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 52 (10%), 157 (26%), and 102 (74%) patients with C‐HCC in cohorts 1–3, respectively. The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of patients with C‐HCC were 82% and 59% in cohort 1; 80% and 64% in cohort 2; and 86% and 78% in cohort 3, respectively (p = 0.003). Multivariable analysis adjusted for age, liver function, and tumor extension showed that the prognosis of C‐HCC improved in cohort 3 compared to cohort 1 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.73; p < 0.001), whereas the prognosis of nonviral HCC did not improve significantly (aHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.59–1.57; p = 0.88). The prognosis of C‐HCC drastically improved with the advent of DAAs.
The association between overactive bladder and fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goldberg Nitzan , Tamam Shai , Weintraub Adi Y.
Published: June 2022

Background

Overactive bladder is a common syndrome that significantly affects the quality of life. Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain, impacting patients' lives. The exact mechanisms of the two syndromes remain unknown, but there is an overlap between the suspected pathophysiologies.

Objective

To present an overview of the current research on the association between overactive bladder (OAB) and fibromyalgia.

Search strategy

A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted.

Search strategy

Studies examining the correlation between OAB and fibromyalgia with female patients aged over 18 years were included.

Data collection and analysis

Two reviewers screened the studies for eligibility. Eligible studies were screened for quality. A meta‐analysis was performed for eligible studies.

Main results

Seven studies were included in the final review, of which six presented a positive association between the syndromes. The studies demonstrated a positive association between fibromyalgia and the severity of OAB and an adverse effect on the quality of life related to OAB. A mean effect size of 1.96 (95% confidence interval 0.85–3.06) was calculated.

Conclusion

OAB and fibromyalgia are both complex and multifactorial syndromes. The study presents an association between them, but additional studies on the topic should be conducted for a more precise conclusion.
Feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as a potential in vivo tool to screen for pre‐diabetes and diabetes
Authors: Guevara Edgar , Torres‐Galván Juan Carlos , González Francisco Javier , Luevano‐Contreras Claudia , Castillo‐Martínez Claudio Cayetano , Ramírez‐Elías Miguel G.
Published: June 2022

In this article, we investigated the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis method to noninvasively screen for prediabetes and diabetes in vivo. Raman measurements were performed on the skin from 56 patients with diabetes, 19 prediabetic patients and 32 healthy volunteers. These spectra were collected along with reference values provided by the standard glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assay. A multiclass principal component analysis and support vector machine (PCA‐SVM) model was created from the labeled Raman spectra and was validated through a two‐layer cross‐validation scheme. Classification accuracy of the model was 94.3% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve AUC of 0.76 (0.65–0.84) for the prediabetic group, 0.86 (0.71–0.93) for the diabetic group and 0.97(0.93–0.99) for the control group. Our results suggest the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy for the classification of prediabetes and diabetes in vivo.
Function of ceramide transfer protein for biogenesis and sphingolipid composition of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Crivelli Simone M. , Giovagnoni Caterina , Zhu Zhihui , Tripathi Priyanka , Elsherbini Ahmed , Quadri Zainuddin , Pu Jian , Zhang Liping , Ferko Branislav , Berkes Dusan , Spassieva Stefka D. , Martinez‐Martinez Pilar , Bieberich Erhard
Published: June 2022

The formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is induced by the sphingolipid ceramide. How this pathway is regulated is not entirely understood. Here, we report that the ceramide transport protein (CERT) mediates a non‐vesicular transport of ceramide between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the multivesicular endosome at contact sites. The process depends on the interaction of CERT's PH domain with PI4P generated by PI4KIIα at endosomes. Furthermore, a complex is formed between the START domain of CERT, which carries ceramide, and the Tsg101 protein, which is part of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT‐I). Inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis reduces CERT‐Tsg101 complex formation. Overexpression of CERT increases EV secretion while its inhibition reduces EV formation and the concentration of ceramides and sphingomyelins in EVs. In conclusion, we discovered a function of CERT in regulating the sphingolipid composition and biogenesis of EVs, which links ceramide to the ESCRT‐dependent pathway.
A quality improvement project reduces time spent at an inflammatory bowel disease infusion center with accelerated infliximab infusion protocol
Authors: Ong Wan Chee , Lim Miao Shan , Chan Elaine , Lim Thomson Chong Teik , Lim Teong Guan , Chan Webber
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requiring infliximab frequently spend hours to attend treatment. Through quality improvement (QI) methodology, we aimed to shorten the time spent in the biologics infusion center using the accelerated infusion protocol and describe patient outcomes, safety, and associated cost savings.

Methods

From September 2018 through December 2019, eligible IBD patients receiving infliximab were recruited. We implemented interventions including the accelerated infusion protocol, and modifying collection location of infliximab. Statistical process control charts were created. Patients' clinical outcome and cost savings data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi‐square.

Results

During the study period, a total of 60 patients with IBD receiving infliximab were recruited. A total of 315 infusions were administered—152 were under accelerated infusion protocol and 163 under standard protocol. The mean infliximab infusion time was reduced by 47%, from 2.4 h (142 ± 14 min) to 1.2 h (75 ± 10 min) (142 min vs 75 min, P < 0.001), with total time spent in the infusion center reduced by 52%, from 3.6 h (214 ± 25 min) to 1.7 h (102 ± 14 min) (214 vs 106 min, P < 0.001). Three mild infusion‐related reactions (3/152 = 1.97%) were recorded. Estimated cost savings over the 16‐month project period was SGD $6721.4 (nursing) and SGD $23 560 (patients). A high level of satisfaction (4.84 out of 5) with the protocol was reported.

Conclusion

Our QI project shortened the infliximab infusion time and total time spent in the infusion center, without compromising patient safety. Estimated cost savings were substantial. The protocol helps reduce work productivity loss.
Facile and environmentally benign synthetic approach to the selective mono‐chlorination and mono‐bromination of benzo[d]OXAZOL‐2(3H)‐ONES
Authors: Kurutos Atanas , Minkovska Stela , Nedialkov Paraskev T. , Fedorov Yury V.
Published: June 2022

Exhibiting a wide spectrum of practical applications, benzo[d]oxazol‐2(3H)‐ones (BOA) are considered as key intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products, organic dyes, and OLED materials among others. Herein, we propose an environmentally benign protocol for the selective mono‐halogenation of benzo[d]oxazol‐2(3H)‐ones. Several chloro‐ and bromo‐substituted BOA derivatives were prepared within less than an hour with high to excellent yields (75%–93%) via this novel, green, and energy sufficient method. This rapid and highly reproducible synthetic approach employs inexpensive commercially available urea‐hydrogen peroxide complex and hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid. Simple operations and precise control over the oxidative halogenation, with water being the major by‐product of the reaction outcome, are among the strong point of current facile method from the perspective of green chemistry.
Synthesis of pyrazole tethered oxadiazole and their analogs as potent antioxidant agents
Authors: Reddy Guda Mallikarjuna , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Basha Nabhubygari Mahaboob , Munagapati Venkata Subbaiah , Wen Jet‐Chau , Gollakota Anjani R. K. , Shu Chin‐Min , Venkatesh Bhumireddy Chinnachennaiahgari
Published: June 2022

Preparation of organic compounds in environmental favor media always a fresh tool in the synthetic research. If those prepared compounds may possess therapeutically potentiality, then it called as efficient research. Herein, we report the 12 new oxadiazole linked carboxamide pyrazole substances have been synthesized and screened for their free radical scavenging activity by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (N2O), and diphenyl picryl hydrazide (DPPH) methods. All the compounds displayed reliable biological properties. Among them, compound 8f hold high antioxidant activity may be due to the presence of methoxy group at para position of benzene ring. From the synthetic point of view, this is the novel environment favor method for the synthesis of pyrazole linked oxadiazoles, and the biological results of these compounds may stand as a referee for further development of biologically active pyrazole tethered oxadiazoles.
Usefulness of high‐risk HPV early oncoprotein (E6 and E7) serological markers in the detection of cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Singini Mwiza Gideon , Singh Elvira , Bradshaw Debbie , Ramaliba Thendo , Chen Wenlong Carl , Motlhale Melitah , Kamiza Abram Bunya , Babb de Villiers Chantal , Muchengeti Mazvita , Mathew Christopher G. , Newton Robert , Bender Noemi , Waterboer Tim , Sitas Freddy
Published: June 2022

We reviewed the literature on the importance of selected anti‐high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) antibodies (namely, 16/18 and early oncoproteins E6 and E7) as potential serological markers for early detection of individuals at high risk of cervical cancer. We searched for studies in PubMed and Embase databases published from 2010 to 2020 on antibodies against HR‐HPV E6 and E7 early proteins and cervical cancer. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for HPV16 and HPV18 antibodies were calculated using a bivariate hierarchical random‐effects model. A total of 69 articles were identified; we included three studies with 1550 participants. For the three HPV16/18 E6 and E7 antibody tests, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based assays had a sensitivity of 18% for detecting CIN2+ (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15–21) and a specificity of 96% (95% CI: 92–98), for slot‐blot, sensitivity was 28.9% (95% CI: 23.3–35.1) and specificity was 72% (95% CI: 66.6–77.0) for detecting CIN2+, and for multiplex HPV serology assay based on a glutathione S‐transferase, sensitivity was 16% (95% CI: 8.45–28.6) and specificity was 98% (95% CI: 97–99) for detecting invasive cervical cancer. HR‐HPV16/18 E6 and E7 serological markers showed high specificity, but sensitivity was suboptimal for the detection of cervical cancer in either population screening settings or as point‐of‐care screening tests.
Scaffolding students’ career readiness via the e‐micromodule route
Authors: Lee ChienChing
Published: June 2022

The future of work is changing with many expected to have multiple micro‐careers. Thus, workers should be supported to be career‐ready in a scalable and intentional manner. The aim of this exploratory study is to investigate the effects of a career planning e‐micromodule on preinternship students’ career readiness using the lens of Social Cognitive Career Theory and NACE's Career and Self‐development competency. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the self‐efficacy pre‐ and posttraining survey scores on career readiness for all items, while their open‐ended responses reflected plans on navigating career opportunities, identifying their strengths, learning continuously, and building positive working relationships.
Comprehensive pseudotargeted metabolomics analysis based on two‐phase liquid extraction‐UHPLC‐MS/MS for the investigation of depressive rats
Authors: Huang Minhan , Zhou Ting
Published: June 2022

Pseudotargeted analysis combines the advantages of untargeted and targeted metabolomics methods. This study proposed a comprehensive pseudotargeted metabolomics method based on two‐phase liquid extraction using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Two‐phase liquid extraction, composed of both aqueous and organic phases, extracted a wide range of metabolites from polar to nonpolar in plasma samples. Besides, the two phases were combined and detected in a single injection to save analytical time. A total of 486 potential metabolites were detected by the developed approach. Compared with the conventional methanol‐based protein precipitation method, the two‐phase liquid extraction method significantly increased the metabolite coverage by 20.29%. Besides, the proposed pseudotargeted metabolomics method exhibited higher sensitivity and better repeatability than the untargeted method. Finally, we applied the established pseudotargeted method to the metabolomics study of depressive rats and screened 53 differential variables. Sixteen determined differential metabolites were mainly in four metabolic pathways including glycerophospholipid, arachidonic acid, sphingolipid metabolisms, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The results indicated that the pseudotargeted method based on two‐phase liquid extraction broadened the metabolite coverage with good sensitivity and repeatability, exhibiting significant potential for discovering differential metabolites in metabolomics studies.
A rare entity: Benign osteonecrosis of the temporal bone
Authors: Whittaker Alexandra G. , McKinnon Brian J.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate the factors that may contribute to the rare disease process of benign osteonecrosis of the temporal bone and to differentiate this poorly understood disease from other disorders.

Methods

A retrospective chart review using tertiary academic medical center electronic medical records (EMR) for otolaryngology was performed in August 2021. The study included data from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2020. The patients were identified by a series of predetermined criteria. Their demographic information and clinical course were qualitatively compared. Patients with a history of radiation to the head or neck or who had other otolaryngologic comorbidities were excluded from the study. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to filter patients and a thorough chart review was conducted among the patients identified.

Results

A total of three patients were identified that met criteria for the study upon thorough chart review. Out of these patients, all were male, fell within the age range of 67–78 years old and had a history of hypertension. Two out of three had diabetes. In all cases, the plan included supportive care and regular follow up appointments.

Conclusion

Benign osteonecrosis of the temporal bone is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose and even more complicated to document. There is no specific ICD‐10 code for this disease making it exceedingly difficult to identify patients with a simple EMR search. Several previously hypothesized risk factors were studied in this review. The limited patient population makes it difficult to confidently identify risks. In the patients studied, the commonalities included that they were all men, above the age of 67 when diagnosed, and all had a history of hypertension. To fully understand this rare entity further research must be conducted and more patients must be studied to aid with the identification of risk factors and clinical diagnosis of this condition.

Level of Evidence: 4.
Achieving Hydrophobic Ultralow Dielectric Constant Polyimide Composites: Combined Efforts of Fluorination and Porous Fillers
Authors: Zhao Wanjing , Lu Chonghao , Zhao Hui , Huang Jingshu , Zha Jun‐Wei , Cao Xianwu , Li Robert K. Y. , Wu Wei
Published: June 2022

The advancement of the microelectronics industry necessitates the use of interlayer insulation materials with low dielectric constants and high mechanical properties. In this paper, a new type of copolymerized fluorinated polyimide (PI) is synthesized, and mixed with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) functionalized mesoporous silica (MCM‐41@POSS). The PI/MCM‐41@POSS composites exhibit good hydrophobicity. With the addition of 3 wt% MCM‐41@POSS, the PI composite attained an ultralow dielectric constant (k = 1.88) and low dielectric loss (0.01) at 1 MHz, which is attributed to the mesoporous structure of MCM‐41 and the restriction of polarization in the bonded region. The decorated POSS effectively prevents the penetration of PI molecular chains into the mesopores of MCM‐41. In addition, the PI composites containing 3 wt% of MCM‐41@POSS obtain the highest maximum stress of 104.03 MPa with an elongation at break of 13.73%. The hydrophobic PI composites with ultralow‐k are expected to be good candidates as interlayer materials in microelectronics devices.
Decoupling Segmental Dynamics and Ionic Transport for Superionic Anhydrous Proton Conductors of Polyoxometalate‐poly(ethylene glycol) Nanocomposites
Authors: Zheng Zhao , Li Mu , Lai Yuyan , Cao Youjin , Yin Panchao
Published: June 2022

Superionic anhydrous proton conductors can be obtained from the complexation of nanoscale polyoxometalates (POMs) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the “polymer in salt” regime. The reduced energy barrier of H+ hopping is facilitated from the increased H+ concentration and shortened inter‐POM distances. POMs with identical structure/size (≈1 nm) but different charge densities are complexed with PEG, respectively, with concentrations ranging from 10 to 60 % wt. Increasing trends of viscosities can be observed with the rising charge densities of POMs due to the increasing confinement strength on PEG substrate from POMs. Fractional Walden rule is further applied to analyze the viscosity and proton conductivity correlations, and microscopic mechanisms of proton conduction for PEG‐POM nanocomposites are revealed: 1) ion transport is highly associated with polymer chain dynamic for POMs concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 % wt.; 2) ionic conduction is largely decoupled from chain dynamic of polymer matrix for concentrations ranging from 40 to 60 % wt. with Walden plots shifted to the superionic regime. The decoupling of proton transport from polymer segment dynamics allows the simultaneous enhancements of the nanocomposites’ mechanical properties and proton conductions, providing guidelines for the rational design of anhydrous proton conductors with integrated functionalities.
Combining Polymer Zwitterions and Zinc Oxide for High‐Performance Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Yanan , Liu Ming , Yuan Chenyuhe , Ren Zhongjie , Liu Yao
Published: June 2022

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a widely used cathode interlayer material in inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). However, there are lots of surfaces or bulk film defects in ZnO layers, which degrade solar cell performance. Here, the typical phosphorylcholine‐ and sulfobetaine‐based polymer zwitterions (PMPC and PDMAPS) are synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization to modify ZnO interlayers for inverted OSCs. The polymer zwitterions can efficiently passivate the defects in ZnO films and thus increase the conductivity of the ZnO interlayers. Both PMPC and PDMAPS modified ZnO interlayers show some general advantages in improving the performance of fullerene‐based and non‐fullerene‐based OSCs. The highest efficiency of 16.69% is achieved by using PMPC modified ZnO interlayers in PM6:Y6 based solar cell devices, which is among the best performance in inverted OSCs. Such an improvement in device performance is attributed to the work function reduction of the polymer zwitterions modified ZnO films, which provides an efficient cathode platform to extract and transport electrons from the active layers, to the benefit of suppressing interfacial charge recombination. As a result, the organic‐inorganic hybrid composites (ZnO: polymer zwitterions) show efficient interfacial modification to align energy levels at the device interface, which have promising application prospects in organic electronics.
In memory of a wonderful colleague
Authors: Kinsey William H.
Published: June 2022

This Memoriam celebrates the past accomplishments of Dr. W.J. Lennarz.
OSCILLATE: A low‐rank approach for accelerated magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: McIlvain Grace , Cerjanic Alexander M. , Christodoulou Anthony G. , McGarry Matthew D. J. , Johnson Curtis L.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

MR elastography (MRE) is a technique to characterize brain mechanical properties in vivo. Due to the need to capture tissue deformation in multiple directions over time, MRE is an inherently long acquisition, which limits achievable resolution and use in challenging populations. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for accelerating MRE acquisition by using low‐rank image reconstruction to exploit inherent spatiotemporal correlations in MRE data.

Theory and Methods

The proposed MRE sampling and reconstruction method, OSCILLATE (Observing Spatiotemporal Correlations for Imaging with Low‐rank Leveraged Acceleration in Turbo Elastography), involves alternating which k‐space points are sampled between each repetition by a reduction factor, ROSC. Using a predetermined temporal basis from a low‐resolution navigator in a joint low‐rank image reconstruction, all images can be accurately reconstructed from a reduced amount of k‐space data.

Results

Decomposition of MRE displacement data demonstrated that, on average, 96.1% of all energy from an MRE dataset is captured at rank L = 12 (reduced from a full rank of 24). Retrospectively undersampling data with ROSC = 2 and reconstructing at low‐rank (L = 12) yields highly accurate stiffness maps with voxel‐wise error of 5.8% ± 0.7%. Prospectively undersampled data at ROSC = 2 were successfully reconstructed without loss of material property map fidelity, with average global stiffness error of 1.0% ± 0.7% compared to fully sampled data.

Conclusions

OSCILLATE produces whole‐brain MRE data at 2 mm isotropic resolution in 1 min 48 s.
The relayed nuclear Overhauser effect in magnetization transfer and chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Zhou Yang , Bie Chongxue , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Yadav Nirbhay N.
Published: June 2022

Magnetic resonance (MR) is a powerful technique for noninvasively probing molecular species in vivo but suffers from low signal sensitivity. Saturation transfer (ST) MRI approaches, including chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and conventional magnetization transfer contrast (MTC), allow imaging of low‐concentration molecular components with enhanced sensitivity using indirect detection via the abundant water proton pool. Several recent studies have shown the utility of chemical exchange relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE) contrast originating from nonexchangeable carbon‐bound protons in mobile macromolecules in solution. In this review, we describe the mechanisms leading to the occurrence of rNOE‐based signals in the water saturation spectrum (Z‐spectrum), including those from mobile and immobile molecular sources and from molecular binding. While it is becoming clear that MTC is mainly an rNOE‐based signal, we continue to use the classical MTC nomenclature to separate it from the rNOE signals of mobile macromolecules, which we will refer to as rNOEs. Some emerging applications of the use of rNOEs for probing macromolecular solution components such as proteins and carbohydrates in vivo or studying the binding of small substrates are discussed.
Thirsty for Projects and Funds to Mitigate Drought?
Authors: Goldbloom‐Helzner David
Published: June 2022

Various measures are available to help utilities mitigate drought as well as support water supply, quality, and reliability.
Main Cleaning Strategies Remove Legacy Manganese
Authors: Hill Andrew S. , Lemieux France
Published: June 2022

Manganese (Mn) accumulation and release in distribution systems degrade water quality and pose underappreciated risks to public health. Main cleaning is an essential preventive maintenance practice to sustainably remove legacy Mn and preserve water quality to the tap.
Definitive study shows no association between ARID1A mutation status and clinical outcome in endometriosis‐related ovarian cancers‡
Authors: Khalique Saira , Nash Sarah , Natrajan Rachael
Published: June 2022

The ARID1A tumour suppressor protein is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, which is mutated in approximately 20% of all human cancers. ARID1A mutational status is considered to hold prognostic significance in a range of solid malignancies, yet in endometriosis‐related ovarian carcinomas there has been a lack of clarity of its prognostic role. Moreover, the relationship between ARID1A status and immune infiltrate is also poorly understood. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, a large comprehensive study by Heinze, Nazeran et al addressed these areas by reviewing 1,623 endometriosis‐associated ovarian carcinomas and correlating ARID1A status using standardised immunohistochemistry to infer mutation status, with comprehensive clinicopathological features, mismatch repair status and CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. The study definitively showed that ARID1A status does not provide any independent prognostic value in endometriosis‐associated ovarian carcinomas. ARID1A loss was, however, shown to be associated with mismatch repair deficiency and increased CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, which may be relevant for future studies. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Micro/nano particles reinforced polymer composites as greenhouse films for heat retention purposes
Authors: Yang Sheng , Wang Yang
Published: June 2022

The aim and objective of this review is to intensively summarize composite film materials that can achieve thermal radiation insulation without affecting visible light transmittance, in order to reduce the heat loss in greenhouses and thus save energy. Eight kinds of composite films, which could be used for radiation insulation, were finally determined and intensively reviewed by searching the key words including insulation film, insulation agent, and infrared insulation. These materials can be divided into two categories: silica/poly and zinc oxide/poly composites. The radiation thermal insulation property and light transmission property of these materials were experimentally tested by spectrometry. The key finding of this article includes that phonon resonance and Anderson localization could be used to block thermal infrared radiation by generalizing material properties. The conclusion of this review is that those materials have at least a 10% increase in infrared thermal radiation blocking, but only a small decrease in visible light transmittance.
The effects of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase single nucleotide polymorphisms on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Misir Emre , Ozbek Mutlu Muhammed , Halac Eren , Turan Serkan , Alkas Gokce Elif , Ciray Remzi Ogulcan , Ermis Cagatay
Published: June 2022

The catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene is thought to have an important role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, but there are conflicting results regarding its role in clinical presentation. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COMT gene and the severity of positive and negative symptoms. In order to investigate the relationship, the PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were screened for eligible articles. Thirty‐eight studies, including 4443 adult patients with schizophrenia, were included in the quantitative analyses, and four studies were qualitatively assessed. Quantitative analyses were performed for acutely ill and clinically stable patient subgroups regarding the different genotypes of rs4680 SNP. Our results showed that the severity of negative symptoms was higher in patients who were rs4680 Met homozygous compared to Val/Met heterozygotes only in acutely ill samples. There was no other significant difference between genotypes. Meta‐regression did not reveal any significant moderator effect on the difference in negative symptoms. General psychopathology, positive, negative, and total psychotic symptom levels also were similar between Val homozygotes and Met carriers. Nonetheless, there are some limitations in the study. First, SNPs except for rs4680 were under‐researched because of the limited number of studies. Second, high heterogeneity across studies was the main concern. Our results suggested that the COMT rs4680 Met allele was associated with higher levels of negative symptoms within acutely ill patients. Future studies should focus on specific patient subgroups to reveal the moderating effects of SNPs.
A comparative study on false information governance in Chinese and American social media platforms
Authors: Chin Yik Chan , Park Ahran , Li Ke
Published: June 2022

False information has become a profound issue of the Internet governance partly because of its serious impact on the political elections and public daily information flows. Different countries and social media platforms have adopted divergent approaches in handling false information. This study conducts a comparative study of the governance models of social media platforms in the United States and China over false Information from the perspectives of the balance of governance mechanism, that is, the balance between self‐regulation, external regulation and coregulation. It explores the laws, regulations and rules of falseinformation in two countries, exams social media platform's regulatory mechanism, focusing on comparison of Weibo and Facebook. The research shows that to increase transparency and accountability, both Weibo and Facebook have devoted certain governance power and responsibilities to internal or external intermediaries. This may induce two negative implications: accountability of the external actors and reduction of platform's supervisory obligations. The paper concludes by arguing that having a more effective, accountable and inclusive governance of false information in social media platforms, we not only need to find a balance between the functions and power of different stakeholders in governance but also need to seek a delicate balance between the three regulatory models of social media falseinformation governance.
Simulation of the Loading Density for Gun Propellants with Arbitrary Shapes Using a Discrete Element Method
Authors: Wurster Sebastian , Lietz Martin , Sprengel David
Published: June 2022

The determination of the loading density that can be achieved for a certain propellant geometry is a key factor that determines the energy content and hence the performance of propellants in a gun system. Additive manufacturing on the other hand gives charge designers a new freedom in choosing propellant geometries. Therefore, it is important to have a method that can determine the loading density achievable for a given grain geometry without actually manufacturing each possible solution in sufficient quantities for an experimental determination. For this reason, a discrete element method was adapted, and a simulation was setup with the open source 3D computer graphic software Blender and its bullet physics engine, that enables the charge designer to simulate a propellant bed for arbitrary grain and shell geometries. The method is validated by simulating the loading density of real JA2 double base propellant grains (7 perforated cylinder) and comparing it with experimental measurements. It is shown that a good agreement between the simulated and experimental loading densities can be achieved by our method. Afterwards the dependence of the loading density on the length to diameter ratio for cylindrical gun propellants was investigated with the method. It is shown how the loading density decreases with increasing L/D ratio.
Laser Ignition Process of Energetic Particles Under Consideration of Non‐Fourier Effect
Authors: Li Tianyi , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: June 2022

The heating and ignition process of energetic material particles under the action of the laser is investigated using numerical simulation. Due to the two characteristics of the high energy density of the laser and the high transients of the whole process, an accurate description is required with the help of the non‐Fourier heat transfer theory. The corresponding mathematical model in the form of partial differential equations is developed for the laser action on the spherical particles. In the process of numerically solving the partial differential equation, adaptive grid method based on wavelets is introduced to improve the finite difference method. Based on the comparison of ignition delay time, the results obtained from numerical calculations are in agreement with the data from experimental tests.
Impact of Inversion Domain Boundaries on the Electronic Properties of 3C‐SiC
Authors: Scalise Emilio , Zimbone Massimo , Marzegalli Anna
Published: June 2022

Inversion domain boundaries are extended defects affecting cubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) layers grown on the on‐axis (001) Si wafers. Their impact on the device performance is still debated and a clear connection to their electronic properties at the atomistic scale is still missing. By comparing the first‐principles atomistic models and scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging, the most relevant structures of inversion domain boundaries laying both in the {110} and {111} planes are identified. Their calculated electronic structures shed light on the relevance that these extended defects may have in the degradation of the performances of the 3C‐SiC devices.
Robot‐assisted scaffold implantation and two‐stage flap raising of the greater omentum for reconstruction of the facial skeleton: Description of a novel technique
Authors: Naujokat Hendrik , Spille Johannes , Bergholz Robert , Wieker Henning , Weitkamp Jan‐Tobias , Wiltfang Jörg
Published: June 2022

Background

Bone regeneration in the greater omentum is a promising strategy in facial skeleton reconstruction. This feasibility‐study aims to perform robot‐assisted scaffold implantation and second‐stage flap raising.

Methods

Firstly, scaffolds were implanted into the greater omentum using the da Vinci Xi surgical system or conventional technique in five miniature pigs, respectively. After 3 months a free flap including the gastrocolic vascular pedicle was harvested and procedures were evaluated.

Results

The average operation time was 59.2 min for open surgery and 73.8 min for robot‐assisted surgery. The average incision length of open surgery was 11.6 cm. Both techniques led to successful scaffold implantation without any complication. In all cases the scaffolds were integrated as intended and resulted in bone formation.

Conclusions

Current study demonstrated that the implantation of scaffolds into the greater omentum and flap harvesting using da Vinci Xi surgical system is a promising minimally‐invasive approach in regenerative surgery.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2022

A Purdue University student, Nancy Roe, attended a party where she drank alcohol. A few days later, she reported to a resident assistant that she had been sexually assaulted by a male student on the night of the party. She also alleged the student made an audio recording of the encounter without her consent.
Bimetallic Boron Phosphide Ni‐2Fe‐BP as an Active Water‐Splitting Catalyst
Authors: Deng Xiaoli , Zhang Ruixuan , Li Qiaoling , Gu Wei , Hao Li
Published: June 2022

The increasing development of hydrogen energy requires us to continuously update the technology of hydrogen production and promote the more rapid development of hydrogen energy. Among them, the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is the current research hotspot. In this paper, a simple synthesis method is used to prepare amorphous nano‐scale monometallic Ni and bimetallic Ni, Fe boron phosphides, which are used as electrocatalysts to catalyze water splitting. We explored the best ratio of B to P in monometallic boron phosphides, and the optimal ratio of Ni and Fe in the bimetallic boron phosphide. It shows that when the ratio of B to P is 1 : 5 and the iron content is 0.2 in the Ni‐Fe‐BP, the catalytic performance of the material is optimal. It shows outstanding performance of 310 mV overpotential at a current density of 20 mA cm−2, and its hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential is only 258 mV, which is better than noble metal materials. At the same time, it maintains excellent stability for 12 h at a constant potential. This work provides a better choice for subsequent research on non‐precious metal catalyst materials.
Aggregation‐Induced Quenching of Carbon Dots for Detection of Nitric oxide
Authors: Mutreja Vishal , Kumar Ajay , Sareen Shweta , Pathania Khushboo , Sandhu Harshit , Kataria Ramesh , Pawar Sandip V. , Mehta Surinder K. , Park Jeongwon
Published: June 2022

This study reports the synthesis of three types of carbon dots (CDs) prepared using citric acid as a carbon source and three different biomolecules (L‐serine, L‐threonine, and adenine) individually as an amine source. The obtained nanomaterials were characterized by powder XRD, TEM, FTIR, 13C NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer using a 135‐degree decoupler pulse (DEPT 135), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (SAXS) techniques. After ensuring the formation of desired structures, prepared CDs were used for exploring the detection capabilities of different reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species. Following the screening of their detection capabilities specifically for nitric oxide, different sensing parameters viz the limit of detection, quenching constant, and interferences were evaluated. Among the synthesized CDs, the lowest detection limit of 0.1 μM was determined for the serine‐derived dots while 0.12 and 0.19 μM was obtained for adenine and threonine‐derived dots, respectively. Eventually, a possible sensing mechanism for the detection of NO by the prepared nanomaterials is proposed.
Contemporary, Multidisciplinary Roles of Mesoporous Silica Nanohybrids/Nanocomposites
Authors: Kumarage Senuri , Munaweera Imalka , Kottegoda Nilwala
Published: June 2022

Number of nanomaterials have been produced as a result of the growth of nanoscience and nanotechnology, and have found applications in interdisciplinary sectors in which nanotechnology has now become indispensable. Owing to the better properties over individual nanomaterials, the hybrid materials have been broadly studied. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MS Nps) have been employed as a matrix in the synthesis of nanohybrids and as a filler in nanocomposites due to its high porosity, adjustable pore volume, facile functionalization, thermal and chemical stability and less toxicity. So far, versatile MS Nps hybrids and composites have been synthesized as advanced smart materials to be applied across industrial and biological sectors. This review study gives an up‐to‐date viewpoint on the synthesis and uses of mesoporous silica nanohybrids and nanocomposites particularly in biomedical sectors, agricultural and food industries and in environmental remediation followed by future insights and research directions of MS Np hybrids and composites.
Antimicrobial and Bioinformatic Modelling Studies of Isatin Mixed Ligand and Some Ternary Chelates
Authors: Mohamed Gehad G. , Ali Samir A. , Abd El‐Halim Hanan F.
Published: June 2022

Synthesis of some ternary complexes with isatin (ISA) as primary ligand and N,N,N,N‐tetramethyl ethylene diamine (TMEDA) as secondary ligand with a series of metal ions (M) Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) is presented. IR, elemental analysis, melting point, molar conductance, mass and thermal analysis were applied to characterize the prepared compounds. Conductometry measurements reveal that all complexes are non‐electrolytes except Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes. In the light of magnetic and solid reflectance techniques, all prepared complexes were suggested in an octahedral geometry. ESR study of Cu(II) complex prove its octahedral geometry. The mixed ligand complexes were found to have the formulae [M(ISA)(TMEDA)Cl2] where M=Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II); [M(ISA)(TMEDA)Cl2]Cln.xH2O in case of M=Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cd(II) (where n=l, x=0 for Cr(III), n=l, x=0 for Fe(III) and n=0, x=2 for Cd(II) and [M(ISA)(TMEDA)Cl(H2O)]Cl in case of M=Mn(II) and Co(II). Antimicrobial activity of some complexes are higher than parent ligands. Molecular docking study confirmed the importance of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cr(III) complexes as they have the highest interaction with the receptors of crystal structure ofS.aureusnucleoside (PDB ID: 3Q8U),E. coli(PDB: 3T88) and protein phosphatase (PPZl) ofC. albicans(PDB: 5JPE) with minimum binding energy of −2l.5, −7.2 and −45.6 kcal/mol, respectively.
High‐Performance Bioelectronic Circuits Integrated on Biodegradable and Compostable Substrates with Fully Printed Mask‐Less Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Granelli Roberto , Alessandri Ivano , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Vassalini Irene , Kovács‐Vajna Zsolt M. , Blom Paul W. M. , Torricelli Fabrizio
Published: June 2022

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) rely on volumetric ion‐modulation of the electronic current to provide low‐voltage operation, large signal amplification, enhanced sensing capabilities, and seamless integration with biology. The majority of current OECT technologies require multistep photolithographic microfabrication methods on glass or plastic substrates, which do not provide an ideal path toward ultralow cost ubiquitous and sustainable electronics and bioelectronics. At the same time, the development of advanced bioelectronic circuits combining bio‐detection, amplification, and local processing functionalities urgently demand for OECT technology platforms with a monolithic integration of high‐performance iontronic circuits and sensors. Here, fully printed mask‐less OECTs fabricated on thin‐film biodegradable and compostable substrates are proposed. The dispensing and capillary printing methods are used for depositing both high‐ and low‐viscosity OECT materials. Fully printed OECT unipolar inverter circuits with a gain normalized to the supply voltage as high as 136.6 V−1, and current‐driven sensors for ion detection and real‐time monitoring with a sensitivity of up to 506 mV dec−1, are integrated on biodegradable and compostable substrates. These universal building blocks with the top‐performance ever reported demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and can open opportunities for next‐generation high‐performance sustainable bioelectronics.
Match quality and divorce among naturalized U.S. citizens
Authors: Dziadula Eva
Published: June 2022

This research investigates the relationship between immigrants' current citizenship status, an observed measure of permanent legal status in the United States, and their likelihood of divorce. Using American Community Survey data, the research examines relatively young immigrants entering their first marriages in the United States as noncitizens. The study finds those who become naturalized U.S. citizens are at least 25% more likely to be divorced than comparable immigrants who remain noncitizens. The work explores whether immigrants with temporary visas value finding naturalized spouses in the marriage market. If so, the small resulting pool of potential spouses may increase the marginal cost of finding new partners at increasing compatibility levels. The immigrants' reservation match quality would then decrease, potentially resulting in suboptimal sorting along other partner compatibility dimensions. If the immigrants establish permanent residency after marriage, their unions might become less stable as the other compatibility characteristics become more important.
The Architecture, Nature, and Mystery of Starch Granules. Part 2
Authors: Villwock Kurt , BeMiller James N.
Published: June 2022

A review with 259 references. Part 2 of a summarized history of investigations into the structures of starch granules is divided into seven sections: the molecules of starches, amylopectin models and starch crystallinity, the granule matrix, blocklet and fibrillar structures, location of amylose and amylopectin, granule models, summary of the architecture of starch granules.
Factors influencing predictions of understory vegetation biomass from visual cover estimates
Authors: Monzingo Deborah S. , Shipley Lisa A. , Cook Rachel C. , Cook John G.
Published: June 2022

Accurately estimating forage biomass is essential for understanding the nutritional value of vegetation communities for wild herbivores. However, clipping, drying, and weighing vegetation by species requires substantial labor, which restricts the size and number of plots that can be sampled over a large geographical area. Labor‐intensive sampling effort can be reduced by using a double sampling strategy that pairs visual estimates of horizontal cover of vegetation with a subset of clipped plots to create equations that convert horizontal cover to biomass. However, sampling strategy and environmental covariates have rarely been considered when developing cover‐biomass equations. We evaluated environmental and sampling factors that could affect the cover‐biomass relationship using 3,404 cover‐biomass pairs measured in the Clearwater River Basin in North‐central Idaho, USA, collected from May 31–October 4 in 2016 and 2017. Our study demonstrated that when carefully applied, double sampling techniques can streamline field sampling while providing cover‐biomass conversion equations with moderate to high predictive ability (pseudo R2 = 0.25–0.99,  = 0.70) for both biomass of current annual growth and high‐quality (e.g., leaves of shrubs) portion of plants (pseudo R2 = 0.65–1). Based on our results, we recommend comparing fit and predictive ability of regression types (linear, log‐linear, Gamma) and collecting >20 cover‐biomass pairs spanning a wide range of horizontal cover (1 to >50%) for each plant species. We found that accounting for overstory canopy cover and season through interaction terms improved the fit of equations by as much as 20% for over half of the 81 species‐specific and 12 structure groups. We found a modest degree of observer bias; thus, training should reduce observer bias and improve consistency but may not alleviate inconsistencies among studies. Careful classification of plant species into plant structure groups can reduce the number of equations, but species‐specific equations for the most abundant and objectively relevant plant species should be developed.