bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation and detection of aqueous atmospheric aerosol mimics using supercritical fluid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Grace Daisy N. , Sebold Melissa B. , Galloway Melissa M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric particles contain thousands of compounds with many different functional groups and a wide range of polarities. Typical separation methods for aqueous atmospheric systems include reverse-phase liquid chromatography or derivatization of analytes of interest followed by gas chromatography. This study introduces supercritical fluid chromatography–mass spectrometry as a separation method for the methylglyoxal–ammonium sulfate reaction mixture (a proxy for aqueous atmospheric aerosol mimics). Several column compositions, mobile-phase modifiers, and column temperatures were examined to determine their effect on separation and optimum conditions for separation. Polar columns such as the Viridis UPC2™ BEH column combined with a mobile-phase gradient of carbon dioxide and methanol provided the best separation of compounds in the mixture and, when coupled to an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer, allowed for detection of several new masses in the methylglyoxal–ammonium sulfate reaction mixture as well as the possible identification of several isomers. This analysis method can be extended to other aqueous aerosol mimics, including the mixtures of other aldehydes or organic acids with ammonium or small amines.
A 439-year daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China
Authors: Gao Chao , Su Buda , Krysanova Valentina , Zha Qianyu , Chen Cai , Luo Gang , Zeng Xiaofan , Huang Jinlong , Xiong Min , Zhang Liping , Jiang Tong
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The outputs of four Global Climate Models (GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR and MIROC5), which were statistically downscaled and bias corrected, were used to drive four hydrological models (HBV, SWAT, SWIM and VIC) to simulate the daily discharge at the Cuntan hydrological station in the upper Yangtze River from 1861 to 2299. As the performances of hydrological models in various climate conditions could be different, the models were first calibrated in the period from 1979 to 1990. Then, the models were validated in the wet period, 1967–1978, and in the dry period, 1991–2002. A multi-objective automatic calibration programme using a univariate search technique was applied to find the optimal parameter sets for each of the four hydrological models. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of daily discharge and the weighted least squares function (WLS) of extreme discharge events, represented by high flow (Q10) and low flow (Q90), were included in the objective functions of the parameterization process. In addition, the simulated evapotranspiration results were compared with evapotranspiration data from the GLEAM project for the upper Yangtze basin. For evaluating the performances of the hydrological models, the NSE, modified Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE), ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of the measured data (RSR) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) were used. The four hydrological models showed good performance in the calibration and validation periods. In this study, the daily runoff was simulated for the upper Yangtze River under the preindustrial control (piControl) scenario without anthropogenic climate change, from 1861–2299, for the historical period 1861–2005, and under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the period from 2006 to 2299. The long-term daily discharge datasets for the upper Yangtze River provide streamflow trends in the future and clues regarding to what extent human-induced climate change could impact streamflow. The datasets are available at the https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:8658b22a-8f98-4043-9f8f-d77684d58cbc website.
Significant improvement of cloud representation in the global climate model MRI-ESM2
Authors: Kawai Hideaki , Yukimoto Seiji , Koshiro Tsuyoshi , Oshima Naga , Tanaka Taichu , Yoshimura Hiromasa , Nagasawa Ryoji
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The development of the climate model MRI-ESM2 (Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2), which is
planned for use in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project (CMIP6) simulations, involved significant improvements to the
representation of clouds from the previous version MRI-CGCM3 (Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Global Climate Model version 3), which was used
in the CMIP5 simulations. In particular, the serious lack of reflection of
solar radiation over the Southern Ocean in MRI-CGCM3 was drastically
improved in MRI-ESM2. The score of the spatial pattern of radiative fluxes
at the top of the atmosphere for MRI-ESM2 is better than for any CMIP5
model. In this paper, we set out comprehensively the various modifications
related to clouds that contribute to the improved cloud representation and
the main impacts on the climate of each modification. The modifications
cover various schemes and processes including the cloud scheme, turbulence
scheme, cloud microphysics processes, interaction between cloud and
convection schemes, resolution issues, cloud radiation processes,
interaction with the aerosol model, and numerics. In addition, the new
stratocumulus parameterization, which contributes considerably to increased
low-cloud cover and reduced radiation bias over the Southern Ocean, and the
improved cloud ice fall scheme, which alleviates the time-step dependency of
cloud ice content, are described in detail.
On the Flood Peak Distributions over China
Authors: Yang Long , Wang Lachun , Li Xiang , Gao Jie
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Time series of annual maximum instantaneous peak discharge from 1120 stations with record lengths of at least 50 years are used to examine flood peak distributions across China. Abrupt change rather than slowly varying trend is the dominant mode of the violation of stationary assumption for annual flood peaks over China. The dominance of decreasing trends in annual flood peak series indicates a weakening tendency of flood hazard over China in recent decades. Delayed (advanced) occurrence of annual flood peaks in southern (northern) China point to a tendency for seasonal clustering of floods across the entire country. We model the upper tails of flood peaks based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions for the stationary series, and evaluate the scale-dependent properties of flood peaks. The relations of GEV parameters and drainage area show spatial contrasts between northern and southern China. Weak dependence of the GEV shape parameter on drainage area highlights the critical role of space-time rainfall organizations in dictating the upper tails of flood peaks. Landfalling tropical cyclones play an important role in characterizing the upper-tail properties of flood peak distributions especially in northern China and southeastern coast, while the upper tails of flood peaks are dominated by extreme monsoon rainfall in southern China. Severe flood hazards associated with landfalling tropical cyclones are characterized with tropical cyclones experiencing extratropical transition, and persistent moisture transport/interactions with regional topography as demonstrated by Typhoon Nina (1975).
Knotted nasogastric tube in the posterior nasopharynx: A case report
Authors: Hirwa Kagabo D. , Toshniwal Naresh
Published: July 2019

Nasogastric tubes are widely used for enteral feeding and administration of medication but unexpected complications can arise during their insertion or removal. There are no standardized ways of dealing with such complications and the safer methods of insertion available are mostly expensive. We present here a case of knotted nasogastric tube and the different approaches that were used to remove it. A brief review of the literature on nasogastric position confirmation techniques is also presented.
Orthopaedic Faculty and Resident Racial/Ethnic Diversity is Associated With the Orthopaedic Application Rate Among Underrepresented Minority Medical Students
Authors: Okike Kanu , Phillips Donna P. , Johnson Wayne A. , O'Connor Mary I.
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Orthopaedic surgery is among the least diverse fields in all of medicine. To promote the recruitment of minorities, a commonly proposed strategy is to increase the exposure of minority medical students to orthopaedic surgeons and residents who are minorities themselves. This study examines the degree to which the racial/ethnic diversity of the orthopaedic faculty and residency program influences underrepresented in medicine (URM) medical students at that institution to pursue a career in orthopaedics.

Methods:

Using data provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges, we identified all US medical schools that were affiliated with an orthopaedic department and an orthopaedic residency program (n = 110). For each institution, data were collected on URM representation among the orthopaedic faculty and residents (2013 to 2017), as well as the proportion of URM medical students who applied to an orthopaedic residency program (2014 to 2018). The association between institutional factors and the URM medical student orthopaedic application rate was then assessed.

Results:

Of 11,887 URM students who graduated from medical school during the 5-year study period, 647 applied to an orthopaedic residency program (5.4%). URM students who attended medical school at institutions with high URM representation on the orthopaedic faculty were more likely to apply in orthopaedics (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.55, P = 0.020), as were URM students at institutions with high URM representation in the residency program (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.79, P < 0.001).

Discussion:

The benefits of a diverse orthopaedic workforce are widely acknowledged. In this study, we found that increased URM representation among the orthopaedic faculty and residents was associated with a greater likelihood that URM medical students at that institution would apply in orthopaedics. We also suggest a set of strategies to break the cycle and promote the recruitment of minorities into the field of orthopaedic surgery.
Function of Sound Devices in the Construction of Metaphoric Meaning in Poetry
Authors: Vishnyakova Olga Dmitrievna , Vishnyakova Elizaveta Aleksandrovna , Sharyshova Natalia Viktorovna
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a study of the relation between the meaning of the words and their phonological features within the poetic context. The article presents a short overview of the existing theories and assumptions in the researched area. Special attention is given to the theory of the arbitrariness of signs and recent studies, suggesting this claim to be incomplete and subject to numerous exceptions. This research is aimed at finding the evidence of metaphorical use of sounds patterns in the poetry of Dylan Thomas. This paper presents a detailed analysis of four poems: “From Love’s First Fever to Her Plague”, “Light Breaks Where No Sun Shines”, “Especially When the October Wind” and “After the Funeral” with a few examples from other poems. The results of the analysis show that sound, being one of the most important elements of poetic texts, is able to obtain a specific semantic meaning of its own but is highly dependent on the context. Interpretation of sound patterns and their expressive potential is crucial for a comprehensive analysis of poetic texts.
Science Teachers’ Instructional Practices in Malaysian and German Secondary Schools
Authors: Tay Ai Jing , Saleh Salmiza
Published: July 2019

Advancement of science and technology in many areas has made progress on human lives more developed than the ancient time. A strong science education would be able to equip our younger generation with the skills needed to ensure them for securing a better job in future. Thus, this study is to compare the science teachers’ instructional practices in Malaysian and German secondary schools. A total of sixteen science teachers were involved where eight of them were from the German secondary schools and another eight of them were from Malaysian secondary schools. This study was done by conducting classroom observations and semi-structure interviews. The data collected were then analyzed qualitatively based on Dancy and Hendersons’ framework of instructional practices. In conclusion, Malaysian and German science teachers have similar source of knowledge, definition of students’ success, learning modes, type of motivation and problem-solving skills where they show differences in the interactivity of the classroom, instructional decisions, assessment, content and instructional design. There are also ten good instructional practices found in this study which can be adapted in both nations to improve their science education.
Artikel 16 Tiende Richtlijn binnen het Nederlandse vennootschapsrecht. Vennootschappelijke medezeggenschap bij een grensoverschrijdende juridische fusie
Authors: Laagland Femke
Published: July 2019

This article deals with employee board-level representation (EBLR) in the case of a cross-border merger. Article 16 CBM Directive (Tenth Directive 2005/56/EC) contains a provision to preserve this form of employee participation on national level. One of the fundamental principles of this article is the so called 'before and after principle'. This means that a cross-border merger may not be used to escape from already existing rights on employee participation. This article discusses the role of article 16 CBM Directive in the context of Dutch company law from the point of view of this fundamental principle. I will focus on two aspects: (i) the application of the said article and (ii) the embedding thereof in Dutch company law. This will lead to the conclusion that article 16 CBM Directive does not always protect what it should protect according to its objectives.
Hoe effectief is de WBSO-regeling door de jaren heen?
Authors: Verhoeven Wim , van Stel André
Published: July 2019

Hoe effectief is de WBSO-regeling door de jaren heen?

In dit artikel wordt de effectiviteit van de WBSO-regeling (Wet Bevordering Speur- en Ontwikkelingswerk) kwantitatief onderzocht. Met de WBSO kunnen bedrijven hun loonkosten voor speur- en ontwikkelingswerk verlagen. De WBSO is een belangrijke pijler van het huidige Nederlandse innovatiebeleid en bestaat sinds 1994. Ze is bedoeld om de omvang van de S&O-uitgaven bij bedrijven in Nederland te stimuleren. De belangrijkste indicator voor de effectiviteit van de WBSO is de zogenoemde 'bang for the buck' (BFTB). De BFTB geeft weer welk bedrag bedrijven extra uitgeven aan speur- en ontwikkelingswerk, per euro genoten WBSO-ondersteuning. Onze analyses laten zien dat de BFTB door de jaren heen ruim hoger is dan 1. Bedrijven die WBSO gebruiken, investeren de genoten WBSO-ondersteuning terug in S&O en doen daar zelf nog iets bovenop. De WBSO-regeling doet daarmee wat het beoogt, namelijk het bevorderen van speur- en ontwikkelingswerk, en is daarom effectief te noemen.
Insurance as a Remedy against Financial Crisis
Authors: Faure Michael , Heine Klaus
Published: July 2019

Insurance as a Remedy against Financial Crisis

To some extent, the financial crisis could be considered as comparable to a natural catastrophe. We address the question whether it might be possible to insure against financial crisis, similarly as insurance is possible in case of natural catastrophes. Thereby we extend the market mechanism as far as possible by proposing a three-layered insurance model containing self-insurance, insurance by insurance companies and insurance by the government. We argue that an advantage of this multi-layered structure is not only the provision of funds in case of a financial crisis, but also that it helps to prevent financial crisis. The preventive effect is due to market-driven check and balances between the three layers.
Business Enterprises and the Environment
Authors: Jesse Katinka D. , Koppe Erik V.
Published: July 2019

Business Enterprises and the Environment: Corporate Environmental Responsibility

In 2011, following his 2005 initial mandate of the UN Commission on Human Rights and his extended 2008 mandate of the UN Human Rights Council, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) on the issues of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, Professor John Ruggie, issued the final text of the ‘Guiding Principles for the Implementation of the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework”‘. The 2008 Framework on Business and Human Rights and the complementing 2011 Guiding Principles consist of three pillars: the duty of states to protect human rights, the responsibility of business enterprises to respect human rights, and access to remedies for victims of human rights abuses. They currently qualify as the dominant paradigm in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) discourse, also because they now form part of various soft law and self-regulation initiatives. The Framework and Guiding Principles do not, however, specifically focus on environmental issues, but their systematic approach and structure do provide a model to address state duties and business responsibilities to care of the environment. This article is intended to complement the UN Framework and Guiding Principles on business and human rights with principles in the field of business and the environment. Hence, it is submitted that states have a customary duty to care for the environment; it is similarly submitted that business enterprises have a responsibility to care for the environment; and it is submitted that stakeholders must have access to remedies in relation to breaches of these duties and responsibilities.
Old Greek ideal of kalokagathia and its examples
in the contemporary world. A reminiscence
of the beautiful, good and wise
associate professor – Halina Zdebska-Biziewska
Authors: Tomecka Małgorzata
Published: July 2019

The crisis of traditional values in the contemporary world is becoming a serious social problem of global range.
New values appear and displace the ones that we regard as timeless and universal. The values which were originally
located in men involve the commonly known ones which are included in the basic categories of ethics – truth,
goodness and beauty. Unfortunately, in present times, traditional values seem to lose to the unrefl ectively popular
trend of success and being “cool”, fi t and trendy. More and more often, anxiety appears regarding shaping a type of
a man of one dimension or a man of narrow specialisation or a man of a civilisation of death. Is the old Greek ideal
of a versatile personality possible in the contemporary world, is it desired and where do we look for its embodied
examples? The present work is an attempt to provide an answer to this question on the basis of the examples of
the Polish “KalosKagathos” distinction as well as the versatile personality of HalinaZdebska-Biziewska (1960-2018).
Coubertin – the philosopher of paideia
Authors: Zowisło Maria
Published: July 2019

This article presents some selected aspects of Pierre de Coubertin’s philosophical anthropology. Coubertin’s philosophy
of man is conceived as a philosophy of paideia in the perspective of Werner Jaeger, Pierre Hadot and Michel
Foucault thought. The author describes three possible ways of interpreting Coubertin’s thought: doxographical,
and creative as well as hermeneutical reconstruction. Next, the possibility of objective criticism of the idealistic vision
of Coubertin’s Neo-Olympism is taken into consideration. It is pointed out that the principles of such objective
and antydogmatic criticism were established by Immanuel Kant, and it is proposed to use them in the process
of critical evaluation of Coubertin’s philosophy. By use of this form of criticism, the foundations and philosophical
references of Coubertin’s pedagogical philosophy can be properly highlighted. The author creates her own hermeneutical
trigger, comparing Coubertin’s anthropological refl ection with the somaesthetics of the contemporary
American pragmatist and philosopher - Richard Shusterman.
Personalplanung. Von der Glaskugel zur belastbaren Prognose
Authors: Priebe Christiane
Published: July 2019

Die strategische Personalplanung ist für alle sozialen Organisationen eine Herausforderung auf Gedeih und Verderb. Durch digitale Instrumente lassen sich verschiedene Szenarien durchspielen.
The Right to Interpretation and Translation in Criminal Proceedings – Challenges and Difficulties Stemming from the Implementation of the Directive 2010/64/EU
Authors: Fingas Maciej
Published: July 2019

In modern Europe issues related to the obligation to ensure the right to fair criminal trial for persons who do not speak or understand the language of the criminal proceedings are still pressing. The article discusses main problems stemming from the implementation of Directive 2010/64/EU, especially issues connected with: the scope of and exceptions to the right to written translation of essential documents, the problem of translation of all procedural applications submitted by the accused himself in a language other than the language of the court, the obligation to make available interpretation during communication between the accused and his legal counsel under confidentiality conditions, and - last but not least - professional qualifications of interpreters and translators providing assistance in criminal cases. The article points out that the glaring discrepancies among Member States in the legal and practical implementation of the right to interpretation and translation may result in divergent procedural standard in individual cases, depending on the location of the criminal proceedings.
Jugendlich oder erwachsen?
Authors: von Buch Jennifer , Köhler Denis
Published: July 2019

Ausgehend von der geschichtlichen Entwicklung des § 105 JGG werden zunächst die statistischen Kennzahlen der letzten Jahre für die Verurteilung nach dem Jugend- sowie nach dem allgemeinen Strafrecht dargestellt. Anschließend befasst sich der Beitrag mit den entwicklungspsychologischen Paradigmen und Theorien, die im Zusammenhang mit der rechtspsychologischen Einschätzung der Gesamtpersönlichkeit unter Berücksichtigung der Umweltbedingungen in der Literatur diskutiert werden. Ein Augenmerk wird auf die Entwicklungsaufgaben, die Entwicklungspfade und die Kriterien zur Reifebeurteilung gelegt, welche unter aktuellen gesellschaftlichen und methodischen Aspekten kritisch analysiert werden. Das Kriterium der „Veränderbarkeit“ der Persönlichkeit und die erzieherischen Einwirkmöglichkeiten bei Heranwachsenden erscheinen besonders bedeutsame Merkmale für die psychologische Beurteilung des § 105 JGG zu sein. Abschließend stellen die Autoren einen diagnostischen Prozess für die gutachterliche Praxis vor.
There are Actual Brains in Vats Now
Authors: Bricker Adam Michael ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2019

There are brains in vats (BIVs) in the actual world. These “cerebral organoids” are roughly comparable to the brains of three-month-old foetuses, and conscious cerebral organoids seem only a matter of time. Philosophical interest in conscious cerebral organoids has thus far been limited to bioethics, and the purpose of this paper is to discuss cerebral organoids in an epistemological context. In doing so, I will argue that it is now clear that there are close possible worlds in which we are BIVs. Not only does this solidify our intuitive judgement that we cannot know that we are not BIVs, but it poses a fundamental problem for both the neo-Moorean (i.e. safety-based) antisceptical strategy, which purports to allow us to know that we aren’t BIVs, and the safety condition on knowledge itself. Accordingly, this case is especially instructive in illustrating just how epistemologically relevant empirical developments can be.
Possibility Versus Possible Worlds
Authors: Cargile James ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2019

It is a common idea in philosophy that some false propositions such as (C) that Charlottesville is the largest city in Virginia, have the property of being possibly true. It is not a clear idea but an important one which has inspired considerable effort at clarification. One suggestion is that there exist (really, not just possibly) “possible worlds” in which C or some suitable facsimile is true. One further attempt at clarification on offer is that there exists (again, really) a maximal consistent set of propositions containing C. It is argued here that these attempts at clarification are profoundly erroneous. There exist actual powers of imaginative construction which would yield a scenario sufficiently detailed to be recognized by competent reviewers as one in which C is true. (The depiction might be in film or narrative and would avoid analytic falsehoods.) This is a frail clarification, vulnerable to questions, but is the best possible direction for a clear idea of the possibility of the proposition. The notion of possible worlds is associated with very valuable work in mathematical logic. It can only improve our appreciation of this excellent work to separate it from cloudy metaphysics.
Responsibility for Violence
Authors: Fugo Justin I. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2019

This paper critically examines violence, and our shared responsibility for it. Drawing on insights from Jean-Paul Sartre, I develop the correlation between scarcity and violence, emphasizing scarcity as agential lack that results from conditions of oppression and domination. In order to develop this correlation between scarcity and violence, I examine the racial dimension of violence in the U.S. Following this analysis, I claim that we all share responsibility for the social structural processes in which we participate that produce scarcity. On these grounds, I argue for the imperative of democratic equality, i.e., conditions for the self-development and self-determination of all.
Análise do programa municipal de controle da dengue em Campo Grande/MS no período de 2013 a 2015
Authors: Matos Marilyn Aparecida Errobidarte de , Sandino Hoff
Published: July 2019

A única medida disponível para minimizar a incidência da dengue, zika e chikungunya é o controle de seus vetores, não havendo até o momento outro método para prevenção da doença e mesmo que se obtenha uma vacina eficaz contra a dengue, por exemplo, o combate ao vetor continuará sendo o cerne da questão, pois há casos de outros vírus circulantes no território nacional transmitidos por Aedes (aegypti e albopicthus). Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os resultados do controle vetorial, em Campo Grande, realizado a partir do cumprimento das metas instituídas no Programa Municipal de Controle da Dengue nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa com relação à natureza das fontes utilizadas para tratamento de seu objeto e classifica-se como documental, especificamente, uma análise comparativa entre o Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue - PNCD e o Programa Municipal de Controle da Dengue – PMCD; posteriormente, foram elencadas as metas e ações do programa municipal no que tange ao controle vetorial. A seguir, foram analisados os relatórios anuais fornecidos pela Coordenadoria de Controle de Endemias Vetoriais - CCEV no período 2013-2015, verificando-se todas as ações cadastradas no item 'Controle de vetor' e os dados do Levantamento Rápido de Índice de Aedes aegypti - LIRAa. O Programa Municipal de Controle da Dengue de Campo Grande, no período analisado, segue o que recomenda o PNCD em relação aos objetivos e metas, no entanto, considera-se fundamental o estabelecimento de um processo de monitoramento do cumprimento dessas metas. Também se faz necessária a padronização dos relatórios anuais com base no que preconiza o programa do município.
Adequação das normas brasileiras de contabilidade à luz das normas internacionais: um estudo sobre o pronunciamento técnico cpc 04
Authors: Sousa Júnior Alvani Bomfim de
Published: July 2019

A globalização, que levou à abertura de mercados de capitais e, consequentemente, a investimentos estrangeiros, implicou na necessidade das empresas adotarem uma Contabilidade com um padrão universal. No Brasil, um dos passos mais importantes para essa convergência foi a criação do Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC), responsável pela adaptação dos padrões contábeis brasileiros às Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade ou IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). As IFRS propõem a padronização das demonstrações contábeis, tendo na contabilização dos Ativos Intangíveis, tratado no Pronunciamento Técnico CPC 04, que interpreta a IAS 38, um dos pontos polêmicos desta uniformização. A partir desses pressupostos, o presente artigo tem como objetivo, abordar os aspectos relevantes do Pronunciamento Técnico CPC 04. Para tanto, buscou verificar como se dá sua implementação com a finalidade de parametrizar o cumprimento das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade. A metodologia aplicada é teórico-bibliográfica, extraindo-se as referências, que nortearam a pesquisa, de dados primários contidos no Pronunciamento Técnico em análise, e de dados secundários, como livros, artigos, boletins informativos da área de Contabilidade, assim como de publicações em sites relacionados ao assunto em questão. Os resultados apontaram que os principais pontos tratados, por ambas as normas, envolvem questões relacionadas à natureza e reconhecimento dos Ativos Intangíveis, à mensuração dos custos e à contabilização da amortização e das perdas por impairment destes ativos.
La enseñanza de la atenuación en E/LE a partir del análisis de un corpus real
Authors: Secchi Daniel
Published: July 2019

Resumen: El presente trabajo busca evidenciar la potencialidad de los corpus discursivos orales reales como herramienta para la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la atenuación en E/LE, y también pretende demostrar cómo los estudiantes pueden mejorar sus habilidades pragmáticas relacionadas con la atenuación a través de un aprendizaje consciente que les permita desenvolverse en los diferentes contextos comunicativos, igual que los nativos.Palabras clave: corpus oral real, atenuación, español lengua extranjera (E/LE) Abstract: The aim of the present investigation is to point out the potentiality of using real oral discourse corpus as a didactic resource in order to teach/learn mitigation in S/SL classes. Also, we want to highlight how students can improve their pragmatic and mitigation skills, thanks to a conscious learning of those strategies that help them to communicate in different communicative contexts as well as native speakers do.Keywords: real oral corpus, mitigation, Spanish as second language (S/SL)
El “imperio fluvial” franciscano en la Amazonía occidental entre los siglos XVII y XVIII
Authors: Chauca Tapia Roberto
Published: July 2019

Objective/context: The article examines the utilitarian and modern vision that the Franciscans of the province of Peru had for the Amazonian waterways as the most important means of communication, transportation, trade and development of the region, which in turn constituted the pillar of the various projects for economic, and even political autonomy, formulated by Franciscan missionaries for the Amazon region under their domain since the second half of the XVII century. Originality: This article unveils the guiding principle that allows us to understand the specificity and unity of the missionary, pre-enlightened and manuscript foundations of modern scientific knowledge of the western Amazon, overcoming the historiographical constraints that subordinate all Amazonian missionary science to that produced within secular, urban and printed circles in the late 18th century. Methodology: A set of materials that includes maps, letters and reports produced by Peruvian Franciscans are textually and visually analyzed, and contrasted with reports and documents prepared by vice-royal officials and intellectual circles in Lima about the western Amazon. Conclusions: The article shows that the Peruvian Franciscans used their geographic and hydrographic knowledge to project a utilitarian and autonomous vision of the Western Amazon, and that modern and pragmatic knowledge of the region among Franciscans was rooted in a line of thought that was formulated within missionary circles by manuscript means, at least a century before the Enlightenment.
The perception and misperception of optical defocus, shading, and shape
Authors: Mooney Scott WJ , Marlow Phillip J , Anderson Barton L
Published: July 2019

The human visual system is tasked with recovering the different physical sources of optical structure that generate our retinal images. Separate research has focused on understanding how the visual system estimates (a) environmental sources of image structure and (b) blur induced by the eye’s limited focal range, but little is known about how the visual system distinguishes environmental sources from optical defocus. Here, we present evidence that this is a fundamental perceptual problem and provide insights into how and when the visual system succeeds and fails in solving it. We show that fully focused surface shading can be misperceived as defocused and that optical blur can be misattributed to the material properties and shape of surfaces. We further reveal how these misperceptions depend on the relationship between shading gradients and sharp contours, and conclude that computations of blur are inherently linked to computations of surface shape, material, and illumination.
Site specificity and attachment mode of Symcallio and Calliobothrium species (Cestoda: “Tetraphyllidea”) in smoothhound sharks of the genus Mustelus (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae)
Authors: Bernot James P. , Caira Janine N.
Published: July 2019

Previous studies suggest that cestodes (i.e., tapeworms) of the sister genera Symcallio and Calliobothrium attach in different specific regions of the spiral intestine of their triakid shark hosts, with species of Symcallio attaching in the anterior region of the spiral intestine and species of Calliobothrium attaching with a broader distribution centered around the middle of the spiral intestine. In the present study, we tested the generality of this pattern of site specificity in two additional species pairs: Symcallio peteri and Calliobothrium euzeti in Mustelus palumbes and S. leuckarti and C. wightmanorum in M. asterias. Finding that these cestodes also exhibit the aforementioned pattern, we investigated a series of functional explanations that might account for this phylogenetically conserved pattern of site specificity. The mucosal surface of the spiral intestine of both shark species was characterized, as were the attachment mechanisms of all four cestode species. Although anatomical differences in mucosal surface were seen along the length of the spiral intestine in both shark species, these differences do not appear to correspond to the attachment mode of these cestodes. We find that while species of Symcallio, like most cestodes, attach using their scolex, species of Calliobothrium attach with their scolex and, to a much greater extent, also with their strobila. Furthermore, attachment of Calliobothrium species appears to be enhanced by laciniations (flap-like extensions on the posterior margins of the proglottids) that interdigitate with elements of the mucosal surface of the spiral intestine. The role of proglottid laciniations in attachment in species of Calliobothrium helps reconcile a number of morphological features that differ between these two closely related cestode genera.
In silico analyses of CD14 molecule reveal significant evolutionary diversity, potentially associated with speciation and variable immune response in mammals
Authors: Morenikeji Olanrewaju B. , Thomas Bolaji N.
Published: July 2019

The cluster differentiation gene (CD14) is a family of monocyte differentiating genes that works in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide binding protein, forming a complex with TLR4 or LY96 to mediate innate immune response to pathogens. In this paper, we used different computational methods to elucidate the evolution of CD14 gene coding region in 14 mammalian species. Our analyses identified leucine-rich repeats as the only significant domain across the CD14 protein of the 14 species, presenting with frequencies ranging from one to four. Importantly, we found signal peptides located at mutational hotspots demonstrating that this gene is conserved across these species. Out of the 10 selected variants analyzed in this study, only six were predicted to possess significant deleterious effect. Our predicted protein interactome showed a significant varying protein–protein interaction with CD14 protein across the species. This may be important for drug target and therapeutic manipulation for the treatment of many diseases. We conclude that these results contribute to our understanding of the CD14 molecular evolution, which underlays varying species response to complex disease traits.
Meteorological Models for Determination of Surface Radio Refractivity over Nigeria
Authors: Ajileye O. O. , Popoola O. S. , Kayode F. F. , Rabiu A. B.
Published: July 2019

Previous studies showed that linear meteorological expressions obtained were localized and could not be generally applied. It is therefore required that more locations should be investigated to deduce new linear meteorological models best suitable for estimation of surface refractivity. Surface meteorological data, including pressure, temperature and relative humidity, was downloaded from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application (MERRA - 2) for six locations defined by different climatic conditions over Nigeria, namely Yenagoa, Abakaliki, Ibadan, Anyigba, Jalingo and Sokoto for a period of 40 years partitioned into two periods of 20 years each. The 1979 – 1998 dataset of atmospheric temperature, T (K), atmospheric pressure, P (hPa) and relative humidity, Rh (%) were extracted using text import wizard to calculate surface refractivity using existing model (Nitu-r). Regression analysis was carried out to obtain new linear meteorological expressions as function of temperature (Nt), relative humidity (Nrh), and combination of relative humidity and temperature (Nrh,t). The new expressions were tested using 1999 – 2018 meteorological dataset and the results of surface refractivity from the new linear expressions were compared with values from existing equations.

It was observed that high relative humidity and low temperature values prevalent in the three southern stations – Yenagoa, Abakaliki and Ibadan – significantly enhanced the suitability of Nrh,t linear meteorological model for estimation of surface refractivity values comparable toNitu-r. Contrary to the observations in the southern stations, in the northern stations, relative humidity contributions (Nrh) had the best linear correlation of 0.96 at Anyigba, 0.98 at Jalingo and Sokoto. Estimation of surface refractivity from the new linear meteorological models was found to be best as a function of temperature and relative humidity in the south and a function of relative humidity in the north. Linear meteorological models as a function of relative humidity and temperature were best suitable for stations in the south with minimum correlation of 0.98 while linear expressions as a function of relative humidity only were best suitable for the stations in the north with minimum correlation of 0.96.
Genetic Diversity and Responses of Some Selected Yellow Maize Genotypes to Stem Borer (Sesamia calamistis Hampson) Infestation
Authors: Solomon Oyeniyi Omotola , Olasanmi Bunmi , Adelowo Olakojo Samuel , Tayo Akinyosoye Solomon
Published: July 2019

Aims: Identification of promising resistant parents against stem borer infestation for the development of high yielding maize hybrids.

Study Design: Ten yellow maize genotypes selected for yield potential and durable level of tolerance to stem borer infestation were used in this study. A stem borer resistant yellow maize variety was crossed with nine stem borer (not necessarily resistant) maize varieties in a top-cross mating design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, OAU, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methodology: The resulting nine F1 hybrids along with the ten parents were evaluated under irrigation using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in a stem borer endemic area. Data collected were subjected to combined analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analyses.

Results: Results obtained showed significant differences for year and genotype, as well as their interaction for some traits measured. Maize varieties were delineated into three groups. The first two PCA with Eigen values greater than 1.0 accounted for 73.0% of the variation; where PC1 was responsible for 52.5% of the variation and was associated with percentage stem borer infestation, leaf damage, plant aspect, stem tunneling ratio and dead heart. PC2 accounted for 20.5% and associated with only grain yield (GY). Also, maize hybrids had higher GY and better resistance to stem borer than their parents by 24.3% and -14.3%, respectively. BR9928-DMR-SR-Y was identified as resistant to stem borer with high GY in hybrid combinations. Positive and significant correlation was obtained among infestation parameters.

Conclusion: Genes from promising donor parents may be introgressed into other desirable maize germplasm for the development of stem borer resistant maize hybrids.
Effects of Rice Husk Biochar and Calcium Amendment on Remediation of Saline Soil from Rice-shrimp Cropping System in Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Kim , Khoi Chau Minh , Sinh Nguyen Van , Chiem Nguyen Huu , Toyota Koki
Published: July 2019

In a rice-shrimp cropping system in Vietnamese Mekong Delta, more effective techniques are required to remediate the saline soils for lowing salinity to secure rice growth and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reclamation potential of biochar and calcium in laboratory experiments using a saline soil sample from the rice-shrimp system. Our hypothesis was that the addition of biochar might improve the infiltration rate, so remove salts more effectively, in particular sodium, from the saline soil. The experiment was set up with two kinds of rice husk biochar at rates of 0 and 50 g kg-1 combining with three levels of CaO (0, 0.5 and 2 g kg-1 soil, equivalent to 0, 0.5 and 2 Mg ha-1, respectively). Results indicated that biochar enhanced significantly drainage speed by 4 times compared to the control without biochar application. After leaching, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soils was significantly lower in biochar treatments than in the control. Some other chemical indicators (K:Na and Ca:Na ratios) were also higher in biochar treatments. Although both biochars effectively removed salts from the saline soil, biochar with a lower Na+ adsorption capacity, a lower surface area and a higher amount of salts performed better in removing Na+ from soil. Combined application of biochar and CaO at low dose was more effective in improving soil properties related to Na+ leaching and ESP.
Education Quality Challenges in Ethiopian Secondary Schools
Authors: Goshu Belay Sitotaw , Woldeamanuel Melaku Masresha
Published: July 2019

This article empirically assesses perceptions of Ethiopian secondary school teachers and education administrators on the challenge of quality of education, opportunities and explores viable options to improve the quality. To this effect, the descriptive survey method was employed. The information used in this study was obtained through questionnaires random sampling technique which was employed to select 72 Directors, 50 vice directors, 71 Supervisor 52 unit leader and 638 teachers targeted respondents respectively into two secondary schools. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The result shows that in contrast to remarkable achievements in access, progress to date in raising the quality of education in Ethiopia has been limited. Most of the respondents agree that the achievement in gross enrolments is good but in quality, at a low rate and has learning achievement in education system remains unacceptably low. This has become a source of concern for government officials, educators, parents, teachers, students, and other stakeholders. In addition, the results confirm that curriculum content needs to be relevant to a labour market where meta-cognitive skills are at a premium while providing schools with the flexibility to create an instructional environment suited to local conditions and revising teacher training method in university or colleges.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Sulfonylation of Aryl Propiolates with Sulfonyl Hydrazides: Access to (E)‐β‐Aryl Sulfonyl Acrylates
Authors: Jiang Huanfeng , Yan Wuxin , Huang Jiuzhong , Tan Chaowei , Zhan Lingzhi , Wu Wanqing
Published: July 2019

An efficient method for the synthesis of (E)‐β‐aryl sulfonyl acrylates has been reported. This palladium‐catalyzed approach showed excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity in the sulfonylation of aryl propiolates with sulfonyl hydrazides. Through this approach, a wide range of (E)‐β‐aryl sulfonyl acrylates were obtained in moderate to high yields.

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Rationalizing Electrocatalysis of Li–S Chemistry by Mediator Design: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Song Yingze , Cai Wenlong , Kong Long , Cai Jingsheng , Zhang Qiang , Sun Jingyu
Published: July 2019

The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is regarded as a next‐generation energy storage system due to its conspicuous merits in high theoretical capacity (1672 mAh g−1), overwhelming energy density (2600 Wh kg−1), and the cost‐effectiveness of sulfur. However, the practical application of Li–S batteries is still handicapped by a multitude of key challenges, mainly pertaining to fatal lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. In this respect, rationalizing electrocatalytic processes in Li–S chemistry to synergize the entrapment and conversion of LiPSs is of paramount significance. This review summarizes recent progress and well‐developed strategies of the mediator design toward promoted Li–S chemistry. The current advances, existing challenges, and future directions are accordingly highlighted, aiming at providing in‐depth understanding of the sulfur reaction mechanism and guiding the rational mediator design to realize high‐energy and long‐life Li–S batteries.
Light‐Induced Activation of Adaptive Junction for Efficient Solar‐Driven Oxygen Evolution: In Situ Unraveling the Interfacial Metal–Silicon Junction
Authors: Tung Ching‐Wei , Kuo Tsung‐Rong , Hsu Chia‐Shuo , Chuang Yen , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Chang Chung‐Kai , Chien Chia‐Ying , Lu Ying‐Jui , Chan Ting‐Shan , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Li Jiun‐Yun , Chen Hao Ming
Published: July 2019

The integration of surface metal catalysts with semiconductor absorbers to produce photocatalytic devices is an attractive method for achieving high‐efficiency solar‐induced water splitting. However, once combined with a photoanode, detailed discussions of the light‐induced processes on metal/semiconductor junction remain largely inadequate. Here, by employing in situ X‐ray scattering/diffraction and absorption spectroscopy, the generation of a photoinduced adaptive structure is discovered at the interfacial metal–semiconductor (M–S) junction between a state‐of‐the‐art porous silicon wire and nickel electrocatalyst, where oxygen evolution occurs under illumination. The adaptive layer in M–S junction through the light‐induced activation can enhance the voltage by 247 mV (to reach a photocurrent density of 10 mA cm−2) with regard to the fresh photoanode, and increase the photocurrent density by six times at the potential of 1.23 V versus reversible reference electrode (RHE). This photoinduced adaptive layer offers a new perspective regarding the catalytic behavior of catalysts, especially for the photocatalytic water splitting of the system, and acting as a key aspect in the development of highly efficient photoelectrodes.