bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Range of Motion in the Cervical Spine through Single-Segment Artificial Disc Replacement Using the Baguera®C Prosthesis
Authors: Tsai Ming-Cheng , Liu Ya-Fang , Lin Wei-Hsing , Lee Ming-Chung
Published: April 2024

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a standard procedure for degenerative diseases of the cervical spine, providing nerve decompression and spinal stabilization. However, it limits cervical spine motility, restricts fused segment activity, and may lead to adjacent degeneration. Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is an accepted alternative that preserves the structure and flexibility of the cervical spine. This study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in the range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine after CDA using a viscoelastic artificial disc, as well as the factors affecting mobility restoration. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 132 patients who underwent single-level anterior cervical discectomy and CDA from January 2015 to June 2022. Result: Analysis of data from 132 patients revealed a significant improvement in clinical outcomes. The mean ROM of C2–C7 and functional spinal unit (FSU) segments significantly increased from 2 to 36 months post-operatively. Cervical spine flexibility was preserved and enhanced after prosthesis implantation. However, it took six months for the cervical spine motility to stabilize. In addition, sex and age were found to impact motility restoration, with female and younger patients exhibiting larger ROMs post-surgery. Additionally, CDA at the C5–C6 level resulted in the greatest increase in ROM, potentially improving overall kinematic ability. Conclusions: Single-segment artificial disc arthroplasty effectively restores the ROM in degenerative cervical spine conditions.
Electromyographic Assessment of Muscle Activity in Children Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment—A Systematic Review
Authors: Szyszka-Sommerfeld Liliana , Sycińska-Dziarnowska Magdalena , Cernera Mariangela , Esposito Luigi , Woźniak Krzysztof , Spagnuolo Gianrico
Published: April 2024

Background: Surface electromyography (sEMG) can provide an objective and quantitative image of the functional state of neuromuscular balance in the stomatognathic system. The objective of this systematic review is to examine current scientific evidence regarding the effects of orthodontic treatment on muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity in children. Methods: The search strategy included the PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. The inclusion criteria were studies assessing EMG muscle activity in children undergoing orthodontic treatment compared with untreated children. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB2) and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The quality of evidence assessment was performed using GRADE analysis. The PRISMA diagram visually represented the search strategy, as well as screening and inclusion process. Results: The search strategy identified 540 potential articles. Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were judged at a low risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was rated as moderate to low, according to the GRADE criteria. Studies showed alterations in EMG muscle activity in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment appears to affect muscle activity in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. However, the quality of evidence is low and, therefore, it is not possible to definitively state this effect. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm the findings of this review. Study protocol number in PROSPERO database: CRD42023491005.
IMPROVE-BMT: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Prehabilitation Exercise for Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Potiaumpai Melanie , Caru Maxime , Mineishi Shin , Naik Seema , Zemel Babette S. , Schmitz Kathryn H.
Published: April 2024

Background: There is limited evidence on the effects of aerobic and resistance training exercise interventions to improve physical function and patient-reported outcomes prior to autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). IMPROVE-BMT was a single-site, pilot randomized controlled trial investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a pragmatic resistance training exercise program prior to HSCT compared to usual HSCT care. Secondary aims included differences in physical function between the exercise group (EX) and usual care control group (UC). Methods: Outcome measurements were assessed: prior to HSCT, on/around day of HSCT admission, +30 days post-HSCT, and +100 days post-HSCT. The exercise intervention was a home-based exercise program that incorporated resistance-band and bodyweight exercises. Results: Acceptability among participants was 83%; exercise adherence averaged at 92%; and there were zero exercise-related adverse or serious adverse events. The average pre-transplant exercise phase was 6.28 weeks (2.71–18.29 weeks). EX (n = 36) demonstrated larger increases in the six-minute walk test distance, short physical performance battery scores, and 30-s chair stands compared to UC (n = 38) and demonstrated significant within-group improvements for the six-minute walk test, the short physical performance battery, the 30-s chair stands, and the timed up-and-go test. Conclusions: IMPROVE-BMT demonstrates that pragmatic exercise is highly feasible for HSCT recipients and can potentially lead to enhanced recovery that may not be achievable in non-exercisers.
Complications of Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary/Palatal Expansion (SARME/SARPE)—A Retrospective Analysis of 185 Cases Treated at a Single Center
Authors: Nowak Rafał , Przywitowski Szymon , Golusiński Paweł , Olejnik Anna , Zawiślak Ewa
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The study aims to assess and classify complications in patients treated for maxillary transverse deficiency using surgically assisted rapid maxillary/palatal expansion (SARME/SARPE) under general anesthesia. The classification of the complications aimed to assess the difficulty of their treatment as well as estimate its real cost. Methods: The retrospective study covered 185 patients who underwent surgery for a skeletal deformity in the form of maxillary constriction or in which maxillary constriction was one of its components treated by a team of maxillofacial surgeons at one center (97 females and 88 males, aged 15 to 47 years, mean age 26.1 years). Complications were divided into two groups: early complications (up to 3 weeks after surgery) and late complications (>3 weeks after surgery). In relation to the occurrence of complications, we analyzed the demographic characteristics of the group, type of skeletal deformity (class I, II, III), presence of open bite and asymmetry, surgical technique, type and size of appliance used for maxillary expansion, as well as the duration of surgery. Results: In the study group, complications were found in 18 patients (9.73%). Early complications were found in nine patients, while late complications were also found in nine patients. Early complications include no possibility of distraction, palatal mucosa necrosis, perforation of the maxillary alveolar process caused by the distractor and asymmetric distraction. Late complications include maxillary incisor root resorption, no bone formation in the distraction gap, and maxillary incisor necrosis. None of the patients required prolonged hospitalization and only one required reoperation. Conclusions: Complications were found in 18 patients (9.73%). All challenges were classified as minor difficulties since they did not suppress the final outcome of the treatment of skeletal malocclusion. However, the complications that did occur required additional corrective measures. Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion, when performed properly and in correlation with the correct orthodontic treatment protocol, is an effective and predictable technique for treating maxillary constriction.
Stiffness Changes in Shoulder Muscles between Pitchers and Position Players after Throwing Overhead Using Shear Wave Elastography and Throwing Motion Analysis
Authors: Tsurukami Hironori , Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Uehara Hirohisa , Hatae Fumitoshi , Kubota Atsushi , Mizuno Motoki , Maezawa Katsuhiko , Takazawa Yuuji , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The objective is to compare stiffness changes around the shoulder muscles between pitchers and position players after throwing overhead using shear wave elastography (SWE) in relation to throwing motion analysis and muscle strength. Methods: A total of 32 male college baseball players (12 pitchers and 20 position players) were observed throwing 20 times, and SWE was performed to evaluate 13 shoulder muscle items—tendons (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor), muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus [transverse and oblique part], teres minor, lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis minor), and capsules (posterior and posteroinferior). Motion analysis was used to assess elbow torque, forearm angle, forearm rotation speed, and maximum external rotation angle of the shoulder. Muscle strength was measured using a dynamometer for abduction, internal/external rotation of the shoulder at an abduction of 0°, internal/external rotation of the shoulder at an abduction of 90°, and internal/external rotation of shoulder at a flexion of 90°. Results: In the pitcher group, SWE values for the teres minor muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle increased significantly after throwing. In the position player group, SWE values for the teres minor muscle significantly increased, and SWE values of the pectoralis minor muscle decreased after throwing. In the pitcher group, positive correlations were found between the teres minor muscle and forearm rotation speed and between the latissimus dorsi muscle and forearm angle. No significant difference was found in muscle strength after throwing in any of the groups. Conclusions: Stiffness changes occurred after throwing and were related to the motion analysis, but the regions in which stiffness occurred varied between pitchers and position players.
Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Prevalence and Effects on Disease Activity
Authors: Ionescu Cătălina-Elena , Popescu Claudiu Costinel , Agache Mihaela , Dinache Georgiana , Codreanu Cătălin
Published: April 2024

Background:The primary objective of this study was to estimate depression’s prevalence in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and the secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of depression on disease activity over time. Methods: We included all patients with RA presenting to our clinic from 2019 to 2020, who had three follow-up visits available. Depression prevalence was calculated using the patient’s history of diagnosed depression, and disease activity was assessed using the disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28) and its components: tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), pain value on a visual analog scale (VAS), and inflammatory markers. Results: A total of 400 RA patients were included, 75 of whom had diagnosed depression, generating a prevalence of 18.8%. The mean values of DAS28 and its components were higher, with statistical significance, in the depression subgroup at all three follow-ups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Depression is prevalent in the RA population, and leads to higher disease activity in dynamic evaluations. Assessing depression could be a psychological marker for RA prognosis with an important outcome in controlling disease activity.
Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Full-Arch Implant-Supported Rehabilitations: An In Vitro Study
Authors: De Giorgis Luisa , Pesce Paolo , Barberis Fabrizio , Lagazzo Alberto , Pera Francesco , Baldi Domenico , Canullo Luigi , Menini Maria
Published: April 2024

Background: Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) have been proposed as an alternative to traditional metal alloys for the realization of frameworks in full-arch implant-supported prostheses. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the deflection under load of seven prostheses endowed with frameworks made of different materials, including different types of fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs). Methods: A master cast with four implant analogues in correspondence with the two lateral incisors and the two first molars was used to create full-arch fixed prostheses with the same shape and different materials. Prostheses were made of the following different materials (framework+veneering material): gold alloy+resin (Au+R), titanium+resin (Ti+R), FRC with multidirectional carbon fibers+resin (ICFRC+AR), FRC with unidirectional carbon fibers+composite (UCFRC+C), FRC with glass fibers+resin (GFRC+AR), FRC with glass fibers+composite (GFRC+C), and resin (R, fully acrylic prosthesis). Flexural tests were conducted using a Zwick/Roell Z 0.5 machine, and the deflection of the lower surface of the prosthesis was measured in order to obtain load/deflection graphs. Results: Greater rigidity and less deflection were recorded for UCFRC+C and GFRC+C, followed by Ti+R and Au+R. The greatest deformations were observed for resin alone, ICFRC+R, and GFRC+R. The results were slightly different in the incisal region, probably due to the greater amount of veneering material in this area. Conclusions: When used to realize full-arch frameworks, Au and Ti allow for predictable mechanical behavior with gradual deformations with increasing load. UCFRC also demonstrated good outcomes and less deflection than ICFRCs when loaded. The GFRC full-arch framework may be a valid alternative, although it showed greater deflections. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate how different prosthesis designs and material thicknesses might affect the outcomes.
Comparison of Zirconia Implant Surface Modifications for Optimal Osseointegration
Authors: Jin Hyun Woo , Noumbissi Sammy , Wiedemann Thomas G.
Published: April 2024

Zirconia ceramic implants are commercially available from a rapidly growing number of manufacturers. Macroscopic and microscopic surface design and characteristics are considered to be key determining factors in the success of the osseointegration process. It is, therefore, crucial to assess which surface modification promotes the most favorable biological response. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparison of modern surface modifications that are featured in the most common commercially available zirconia ceramic implant systems. A review of the currently available literature on zirconia implant surface topography and the associated bio-physical factors was conducted, with a focus on the osseointegration of zirconia surfaces. After a review of the selected articles for this study, commercially available zirconia implant surfaces were all modified using subtractive protocols. Commercially available ceramic implant surfaces were modified or enhanced using sandblasting, acid etching, laser etching, or combinations of the aforementioned. From our literature review, laser-modified surfaces emerged as the ones with the highest surface roughness and bone–implant contact (BIC). It was also found that surface roughness could be controlled to achieve optimal roughness by modifying the laser output power during manufacturing. Furthermore, laser surface modification induced a very low amount of preload microcracks in the zirconia. Osteopontin (OPN), an early–late osteogenic differentiation marker, was significantly upregulated in laser-treated surfaces. Moreover, surface wettability was highest in laser-treated surfaces, indicating favorable hydrophilicity and thus promoting early bone forming, cell adhesion, and subsequent maturation. Sandblasting followed by laser modification and sandblasting followed by acid etching and post-milling heat treatment (SE-H) surfaces featured comparable results, with favorable biological responses around zirconia implants.
Denoising of Optical Coherence Tomography Images in Ophthalmology Using Deep Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmed Hanya , Zhang Qianni , Donnan Robert , Alomainy Akram
Published: April 2024

Imaging from optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used for detecting retinal diseases, localization of intra-retinal boundaries, etc. It is, however, degraded by speckle noise. Deep learning models can aid with denoising, allowing clinicians to clearly diagnose retinal diseases. Deep learning models can be considered as an end-to-end framework. We selected denoising studies that used deep learning models with retinal OCT imagery. Each study was quality-assessed through image quality metrics (including the peak signal-to-noise ratio—PSNR, contrast-to-noise ratio—CNR, and structural similarity index metric—SSIM). Meta-analysis could not be performed due to heterogeneity in the methods of the studies and measurements of their performance. Multiple databases (including Medline via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase) and a repository (ArXiv) were screened for publications published after 2010, without any limitation on language. From the 95 potential studies identified, a total of 41 were evaluated thoroughly. Fifty-four of these studies were excluded after full text assessment depending on whether deep learning (DL) was utilized or the dataset and results were not effectively explained. Numerous types of OCT images are mentioned in this review consisting of public retinal image datasets utilized purposefully for denoising OCT images (n = 37) and the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) (n = 4). A wide range of image quality metrics was used; PSNR and SNR that ranged between 8 and 156 dB. The minority of studies (n = 8) showed a low risk of bias in all domains. Studies utilizing ONH images produced either a PSNR or SNR value varying from 8.1 to 25.7 dB, and that of public retinal datasets was 26.4 to 158.6 dB. Further analysis on denoising models was not possible due to discrepancies in reporting that did not allow useful pooling. An increasing number of studies have investigated denoising retinal OCT images using deep learning, with a range of architectures being implemented. The reported increase in image quality metrics seems promising, while study and reporting quality are currently low.
A 0.3 V OTA with Enhanced CMRR and High Robustness to PVT Variations
Authors: Della Sala Riccardo , Centurelli Francesco , Scotti Giuseppe , Trifiletti Alessandro
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a 0.3 V body-driven operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) that exploits a biasing approach based on the use of a replica loop with gain. An auxiliary amplifier is exploited both in the current mirror load of the first stage of the OTA and in the replica loop in order to achieve super-diode behavior, resulting in low mirror gain error, which enhances CMRR, and robust biasing. Common-mode feedforward, provided by the replica loop, further enhances CMRR. Simulations in a 180 nm CMOS technology show 65 dB gain with 2 kHz unity-gain frequency on a 200 pF load when consuming 9 nW. Very high linearity with a 0.24% THD at 90% full-scale and robustness to PVT variations are also achieved.
Numerical Investigation of Single and Double Steps in Planing Hulls
Authors: Sulman Muhammad , Mancini Simone , Bilandi Rasul Niazmand
Published: April 2024

Incorporating steps into a hull reduces the wetted surface, promoting improved hydrodynamic lift and reduced resistance at high speeds, provided that the step is designed appropriately. Traditional hydrodynamics studies rely on scaled model testing in towing tanks, but numerical tools offer a more efficient alternative. This study focused on investigating the hydrodynamic performance of stepped hulls by modifying the parent hull of the Naples Systematic Series (C1). The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code SIEMENS PLM STAR CCM+ version 2302 was used for simulations, including four different beam Froude numbers (FrB = 1.13, 2.22, 2.56, and 2.96) and a total of 15 hull configurations with single and double steps. By employing a three-dimensional computational analysis of multiphase flow using Dynamic Fluid–Body Interaction (DFBI) and overset mesh, various performance parameters such as resistance coefficient, dimensionless wetted surface, sinkage, and dynamic trim were analyzed. The accuracy of the CFD results was confirmed through comparison with experimental data and grid uncertainty assessment. The study demonstrated that placing a single step near the transom decreased trim and increased resistance and wetted surface. Conversely, positioning a step in the forward section reduced the trim angle at lower step heights but increased trim at higher step heights in single-stepped hulls. The application of these findings contributes to the design optimization of stepped hulls for enhanced performance in high-speed maritime applications.
Exploring Tourists’ Behavioral Patterns in Bali’s Top-Rated Destinations: Perception and Mobility
Authors: Ramadhani Dian Puteri , Alamsyah Andry , Febrianta Mochamad Yudha , Damayanti Lusiana Zulfa Amelia
Published: April 2024

The tourism sector plays a crucial role in the global economy, encompassing both physical infrastructure and cultural engagement. Indonesia has a wide range of attractions and has experienced remarkable growth, with Bali as a notable example of this. With the rapid advancements in technology, travelers now have the freedom to explore independently, while online travel agencies (OTAs) serve as important resources. Reviews from tourists significantly impact the service quality and perception of destinations, and text mining is a valuable tool for extracting insights from unstructured review data. This research integrates multiclass text classification and a network analysis to uncover tourists’ behavioral patterns through their perceptions and movement. This study innovates beyond conventional sentiment and cognitive image analysis to the tourists’ perceptions of cognitive dimensions and explores the sentiment correlation between different cognitive dimensions. We find that destinations generally receive positive feedback, with 80.36% positive reviews, with natural attractions being the most positive aspect while infrastructure is the least positive aspect. We highlight that qualitative experiences do not always align with quantitative cost-effectiveness evaluations. Through a network analysis, we identify patterns in tourist mobility, highlighting three clusters of attractions that cater to diverse preferences. This research underscores the need for tourism destinations to strategically adapt to tourists’ varied expectations, enhancing their appeal and aligning their services with preferences to elevate destination competitiveness and increase tourist satisfaction.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids Suppress mTOR Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells via Long Non-Coding RNA RMST
Authors: Wang Jiuhui , Guo Yande , Fang Xiangwei , Zhang Yuanqin , Nie Daotai
Published: April 2024

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch by the microbiota in the colon, exert multiple effects on colonic functions, including tumor suppressing activities. Our previous studies found that SCFAs induced autophagy in colon cancer cells via downregulating mTOR signaling, but the mechanism involved in mTOR suppression still needs to be defined. In this study, we identified rhabdomyosarcoma 2 associated transcript (RMST), a long non-coding RNA, as a key mediator for SCFAs to suppress mTOR activation in colon cancer cells. RMST could be significantly induced by SCFAs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. RMST, by itself, was sufficient to suppress mTOR signaling and augment autophagosome formation. Depletion of RMST, through siRNA or CRISPR knockdown, reduced the abilities of SCFAs to suppress mTOR activation or to induce autophagic responses. RMST increased the expression level of TSC2, a negative regulator of the mTOR signaling pathway. Our data delineate a novel RMST/TSC2 cellular pathway, enlisted by SCFAs, to modulate mTOR activities in colon cancer cells.
Role of Immune Cells and Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Radhakrishnan Vijay , Golla Upendarrao , Kudva Avinash Kundadka
Published: April 2024

The clinical signs of multiple myeloma, a plasma cell (PC) dyscrasia, include bone loss, renal damage, and paraproteinemia. It can be defined as the uncontrolled growth of malignant PCs within the bone marrow. The distinctive bone marrow milieu that regulates the progression of myeloma disease involves interactions between plasma and stromal cells, and myeloid and lymphoid cells. These cells affect the immune system independently or because of a complicated web of interconnections, which promotes disease development and immune evasion. Due to the importance of these factors in the onset of disease, various therapeutic strategies have been created that either target or improve the immunological processes that influence disease progression. The immune system has a role in the mechanism of action of multiple myeloma treatments. The main contributions of immune cells to the bone marrow microenvironment, as well as how they interact and how immune regulation might lead to therapeutic effects, are covered in this study.
1,4-Diiodotetrafluorobenzene 3,5-di-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole <1/1>
Authors: Podda Enrico , Pintus Anna , Lippolis Vito , Isaia Francesco , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Carpenter-Warren Cameron L. , Woollins John Derek , Aragoni Maria Carla
Published: April 2024

The reactivity of 3,5-di-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (L1) with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-DITFB) was explored and the halogen-bonded 1:1 co-crystal (1) was successfully isolated and structurally characterized.
Load-Carrying Capacity of Thin-Walled Composite Columns with Rectangular Cross-Section under Axial Compression
Authors: Rozylo Patryk , Rogala Michal , Pasnik Jakub
Published: April 2024

The aim of the current study was to determine the load capacity of composite columns subjected to axial compressive load. The subjects of the study were two types of columns with a rectangular cross-section, with different edge lengths. The tested columns had a closed cross-section. Four different fiber arrangements were analyzed for both cross-sections studied. The research was realized using interdisciplinary methods to determine the mechanism of damage to the composite material, with particular emphasis on damage initiation and propagation. Experimental tests were realized on a testing machine, the analysis was carried out with an acoustic emission system, and image analysis using visual assessment system of deflections of the walls of the structure. In addition, a number of numerical analyses were realized based on advanced modeling techniques for fiber-reinforced composites. A comparative analysis of both quantitative and qualitative results is presented for both analyses. The innovation of the presented research lies in the development of a custom method for modeling structures made of composite material with special emphasis on the failure phase. This will allow to accurately reflect the modeling of thin-walled structures with closed cross-section subjected to loading in a complex stress state.
Finite-Time Extended State Observer-Based Attitude Control for Hypersonic Vehicles with Angle-of-Attack Constraint
Authors: Lu Qingli , Sun Ruisheng , Lu Yu , Liu Xuanting
Published: April 2024

This paper develops and validates a modified backstepping control scheme for hypersonic vehicles (HSVs) with uncertain dynamics and angle-of-attack (AOA) constraint, which incorporates a novel finite-time extended state observer (FTESO) and a time-varying barrier Lyapunov function (BLF)-based controller. In order to ensure that observation errors converge before the controller reaches the steady states, the “adding a power integrator” (AAPI) technique is utilized to design the FTESO by transforming the observation problem of the traditional extended state observer (ESO) into a stabilization problem. Combining time-varying constraints and tracking errors to construct the BLF, the backstepping control law that can adapt to large initial tracking errors is derived. Theoretical and comparative simulation results show that the proposed FTESO performs well in terms of speed and accuracy, and AOA is constrained within the prescribed region.
A Novel Inversion Method for Permeability Coefficients of Concrete Face Rockfill Dam Based on Sobol-IDBO-SVR Fusion Surrogate Model
Authors: Xiong Hanye , Shen Zhenzhong , Li Yongchao , Sun Yiqing
Published: April 2024

The accurate and efficient inversion of permeability coefficients is significant for the scientific assessment of seepage safety in concrete face rockfill dams. In addressing the optimization challenge of permeability coefficients with few samples, multiple parameters, and strong nonlinearity, this paper proposes a novel intelligent inversion method based on the Sobol-IDBO-SVR fusion surrogate model. Firstly, the Sobol sequence sampling method is introduced to extract high-quality combined samples of permeability coefficients, and the equivalent continuum seepage model is utilized for the forward simulation to obtain the theoretical hydraulic heads at the seepage monitoring points. Subsequently, the support vector regression surrogate model is used to establish the complex mapping relationship between the permeability coefficients and hydraulic heads, and the convergence performance of the dung beetle optimization algorithm is effectively enhanced by fusing multiple strategies. On this basis, we successfully achieve the precise inversion of permeability coefficients driven by multi-intelligence technologies. The engineering application results show that the permeability coefficients determined based on the inversion of the Sobol-IDBO-SVR model can reasonably reflect the seepage characteristics of the concrete face rockfill dam. The maximum relative error between the measured and the inversion values of the hydraulic heads at each monitoring point is only 0.63%, indicating that the inversion accuracy meets the engineering requirements. The method proposed in this study may also provide a beneficial reference for similar parameter inversion problems in engineering projects such as bridges, embankments, and pumping stations.
HCEL: Hybrid Clustering Approach for Extending WBAN Lifetime
Authors: Helal Heba , Sallabi Farag , Sharaf Mohamed A. , Harous Saad , Hayajneh Mohammad , Khater Heba
Published: April 2024

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have emerged as a promising solution for addressing challenges faced by elderly individuals, limited medical facilities, and various chronic medical conditions. WBANs consist of wearable sensing and computing devices interconnected through wireless communication channels, enabling the collection and transmission of vital physiological data. However, the energy constraints of the battery-powered sensor nodes in WBANs pose a significant challenge to ensuring long-term operational efficiency. Two-hop routing protocols have been suggested to extend the stability period and maximize the network’s lifetime. These protocols select appropriate parent nodes or forwarders with a maximum of two hops to relay data from sensor nodes to the sink. While numerous energy-efficient routing solutions have been proposed for WBANs, reliability has often been overlooked. Our paper introduces an energy-efficient routing protocol called a Hybrid Clustering Approach for Extending WBAN Lifetime (HCEL) to address these limitations. HCEL leverages a utility function to select parent nodes based on residual energy (RE), proximity to the sink node, and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The parent node selection process also incorporates an energy threshold value and a constrained number of serving nodes. The main goal is to extend the overall lifetime of all nodes within the network. Through extensive simulations, the study shows that HCEL outperforms both Stable Increased Throughput Multihop Protocol for Link Efficiency (SIMPLE) and Energy-Efficient Reliable Routing Scheme (ERRS) protocols in several key performance metrics. The specific findings of our article highlight the superior performance of HCEL in terms of increased network stability, extended network lifetime, reduced energy consumption, improved data throughput, minimized delays, and improved link reliability.
Electron-Beam Welding of Titanium and Ti6Al4V Using Magnetron-Sputtered Nb, V, and Cu Fillers
Authors: Kotlarski Georgi , Kaisheva Darina , Anchev Angel , Ormanova Maria , Stoyanov Borislav , Dunchev Vladimir , Valkov Stefan
Published: April 2024

In this work, the results of an investigation of electron-beam-welded samples of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Ti64) using fillers of various beta-stabilizing elements (Nb, V, Cu) are presented. The fillers were in the form of deposited layers on each of the two specimens via DC magnetron sputtering. The specimens were then subjected to electron-beam welding (EBW) under the same technological conditions. The structure of the obtained welded joints was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the phase composition of the fusion zone (FZ). The study of the mechanical properties of the samples was carried out via tensile tests and microhardness measurements. The results showed a different influence of the used fillers on the structure and properties of the obtained joints, and in all cases, the yield strength increased compared to the samples welded using the same technological conditions without the use of filler material. In the case of using Nb and V as a filler, the typical transformation of titanium welds into elongated αTi particles along with α’-Ti martensitic structures was observed. The addition of a Cu filler into the structure of the welds resulted in a unification and refining of the structure of the last, which resulted in the improvement of the mechanical properties of the weld, particularly its ductility, which is a known issue where electron-beam welding is concerned.
Advancements in Sensor Technologies and Control Strategies for Lower-Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeletons: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yao Yumeng , Shao Dongqing , Tarabini Marco , Moezi Seyed Alireza , Li Kun , Saccomandi Paola
Published: April 2024

Lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeletons offer a transformative approach to enhancing recovery in patients with movement disorders affecting the lower extremities. This comprehensive systematic review delves into the literature on sensor technologies and the control strategies integrated into these exoskeletons, evaluating their capacity to address user needs and scrutinizing their structural designs regarding sensor distribution as well as control algorithms. The review examines various sensing modalities, including electromyography (EMG), force, displacement, and other innovative sensor types, employed in these devices to facilitate accurate and responsive motion control. Furthermore, the review explores the strengths and limitations of a diverse array of lower-limb rehabilitation-exoskeleton designs, highlighting areas of improvement and potential avenues for further development. In addition, the review investigates the latest control algorithms and analysis methods that have been utilized in conjunction with these sensor systems to optimize exoskeleton performance and ensure safe and effective user interactions. By building a deeper understanding of the diverse sensor technologies and monitoring systems, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing advancement of lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeletons, ultimately improving the quality of life for patients with mobility impairments.
Application of Rice Straw Inhibits Clubroot Disease by Regulating the Microbial Community in Soil
Authors: Han Zhe , Zhang Yiping , Di Chengqian , Bi Hongwen , Pan Kai
Published: April 2024

Straw return is an effective agricultural management practice for alleviating soil sickness, but only a few studies have focused on the incorporation of straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices in vegetable production. To determine the effects of rice straw return on Chinese cabbage clubroot, a field experiment for three consecutive years in the same area was performed. Soil microbial high-throughput sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other methods were used to detect Chinese cabbage plant growth, clubroot occurrence, soil chemical properties and soil microbial diversity and abundance. The results showed that straw addition could significantly reduce the clubroot disease incidence. Through Illumina Miseq sequencing, the diversity of the fungi decreased obviously. The relative abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes was strikingly reduced, while that of Chloroflexi was significantly increased. Redundancy analysis suggests that soil properties may also affect the soil microbial composition; changes in the microbial structure of bacteria and fungi were associated with the available phosphorus. In conclusion, the continuous addition of rice straw can promote the growth and control the occurrence of clubroot, which is closely related to the microbial composition, and the inhibition effect is proportional to the age of addition.
Microbial Indoles: Key Regulators of Organ Growth and Metabolic Function
Authors: Xing Peter Yuli , Agrawal Ruchi , Jayaraman Anusha , Martin Katherine Ann , Zhang George Wei , Ngu Ee Ling , Faylon Llanto Elma , Kjelleberg Staffan , Rice Scott A. , Wang Yulan , Bello Adesola T. , Holmes Elaine , Nicholson Jeremy K. , Whiley Luke , Pettersson Sven
Published: April 2024

Gut microbes supporting body growth are known but the mechanisms are less well documented. Using the microbial tryptophan metabolite indole, known to regulate prokaryotic cell division and metabolic stress conditions, we mono-colonized germ-free (GF) mice with indole-producing wild-type Escherichia coli (E. coli) or tryptophanase-encoding tnaA knockout mutant indole-non-producing E. coli. Indole mutant E. coli mice showed multiorgan growth retardation and lower levels of glycogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose, resulting in an energy deficiency despite increased food intake. Detailed analysis revealed a malfunctioning intestine, enlarged cecum, and reduced numbers of enterochromaffin cells, correlating with a metabolic phenotype consisting of impaired gut motility, diminished digestion, and lower energy harvest. Furthermore, indole mutant mice displayed reduction in serum levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and lipids. In stark contrast, a massive increase in serum melatonin was observed—frequently associated with accelerated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This observational report discloses functional roles of microbe-derived indoles regulating multiple organ functions and extends our previous report of indole-linked regulation of adult neurogenesis. Since indoles decline by age, these results imply a correlation with age-linked organ decline and levels of indoles. Interestingly, increased levels of indole-3-acetic acid, a known indole metabolite, have been shown to correlate with younger biological age, further supporting a link between biological age and levels of microbe-derived indole metabolites. The results presented in this resource paper will be useful for the future design of food intervention studies to reduce accelerated age-linked organ decline.
Effect of Co-Inoculation with Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Growth of Persea americana Seedlings Infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Solórzano-Acosta Richard , Toro Marcia , Zúñiga-Dávila Doris
Published: April 2024

Avocado is one of the most in-demand fruits worldwide and the trend towards its sustainable production, regulated by international standards, is increasing. One of the most economically important diseases is root rot, caused by Phythopthora cinnamomi. Regarding this problem, antagonistic microorganism use is an interesting alternative due to their phytopathogen control efficiency. Therefore, the interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, native to the Peruvian coast (GWI) and jungle (GFI), and avocado rhizospheric bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, was evaluated in terms of their biocontrol capacity against P. cinnamomi in the “Zutano” variety of avocado plants. The results showed that the GWI and Bacillus subtilis combination increased the root exploration surface by 466.36%. P. putida increased aerial biomass by 360.44% and B. subtilis increased root biomass by 433.85%. Likewise, P. putida rhizobacteria showed the highest nitrogen (24.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and sulfur (2.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations at a foliar level. The combination of GWI and Bacillus subtilis was the treatment that presented the highest calcium (16.00 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and magnesium (8.80 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations. The microorganisms’ multifunctionality reduced disease severity by 85 to 90% due to the interaction between mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting microorganisms that are antagonistic to P. cinnamomi represents a potential strategy for sustainable management of avocado cultivation.
Adsorption of Scandium Ions by Amberlite XAD7HP Polymeric Adsorbent Loaded with Tri-n-Octylphosphine Oxide
Authors: Daminescu Diana , Duteanu Narcis , Ciopec Mihaela , Negrea Adina , Negrea Petru , Nemeş Nicoleta Sorina , Pascu Bogdan , Ianăşi Cătălin , Cotet Lucian
Published: April 2024

In an actual economic context, the demand for scandium has grown due to its applications in top technologies. However, further development of new technologies will lead to an increase in the market for Sc related to such technologies. The present study aims to improve and upgrade existing technology in terms of efficient scandium recovery, proposing a new material with selective adsorptive properties for scandium recovery. To highlight the impregnation of Amberlite XAD7HP resin with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide extractant by the solvent-impregnated resin method, the obtained adsorbent material was characterized by physico-chemical techniques. Further, the specific surface of the adsorbent and the zero-point charge of the adsorbent surface have been determined. Different parameters, such as initial concentration, adsorbent amount, contact time, or temperature, have been studied. The initial pH effect was investigated when a maximum adsorption capacity of 31.84 mg g−1 was obtained at pH > 3, using 0.1 g of adsorbent and a contact time of 90 min and 298 K. An attempt was made to discuss and provide a clear representation of the studied adsorption process, proposing a specific mechanism for Sc(III) recovery from aqueous solutions through kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium studies. Adsorption/desorption studies reveal that the prepared adsorbent material can be reused five times.
Microelectrode Voltammetric Analysis of Low Concentrations of Se(IV) Ions in Environmental Waters
Authors: Grabarczyk Malgorzata , Fialek Marzena
Published: April 2024

The current research is an attempt to analyze on-site selenium(IV) ions in environmental water samples using an eco-friendly miniaturized sensor developed by deposition of a very thin amount of metallic bismuth in a solid Bi electrode tightly closed in miniaturized housing. Numerous experimental variables are optimized, including the composition of the supporting electrolyte and its pH, as well as activation and accumulation conditions. Under optimized measurement conditions, the method shows high sensitivity, permitting a very low limit of detection equal to 7 × 10−10 mol L−1 to be achieved in a short accumulation time of 50 s. The performance of this microsensor was investigated against numerous interference factors and its good anti-interference capability was demonstrated. A series of voltammetric experiments by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) were carried out and they proved that the miniaturized sensor is characterized by very good accuracy and precision as well as long-term stability. The solid bismuth microelectrode displays a good voltammetric response in the analysis of diverse samples with a complex matrix and demonstrates a good recovery rate.
Tetraethylenepentamine-Grafted Amino Terephthalic Acid-Modified Activated Carbon as a Novel Adsorbent for Efficient Removal of Toxic Pb(II) from Water
Authors: Alshammari Mutairah S.
Published: April 2024

In this study, a new composite, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), was incorporated into amino terephthalic acid-modified activated carbon (ATA@AC) through a one-pot integration of TEPA with the COOH moiety of ATA@AC. This process resulted in the creation of a TEPA@ATA@AC composite for Pb(II) removal from an aquatic environment. Several techniques, including SEM, EDX, FT-IR, TGA, XRD, and Zeta potential, were employed to emphasize the chemical composition, morphology, and thermal durability of the as-synthesized TEPA@ATA@AC composite. The impact of experimental variables on the adsorption of Pb(II) ions was studied using batch adsorption. The uptake assessment suggested that the TEPA@ATA@AC composite exhibited superior Pb(II) removal performance with high removal efficiency (97.65%) at pH = 6.5, dosage = 0.02 g, equilibrium time = 300 min, and temperature = 298 K. The isotherm data exhibited good conformity with the Langmuir isotherm model, whereas the kinetics data displayed strong agreement with both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models. This reflected that the Pb((II) uptake by the TEPA@ATA@AC composite was caused by physisorption coupled with limited chemisorption. The greatest monolayer uptake capacity of the TEPA@ATA@AC composite was 432.8 mg/g. The thermodynamic findings indicated that the Pb(II) uptake on the TEPA@ATA@AC composite was an exothermic and feasible process. After five adsorption—desorption runs, the TEPA@ATA@AC composite maintained a superior uptake capacity (83.80%). In summary, the TEPA@ATA@AC composite shows promise as a potent adsorbent for effectively removing Cr(VI) from contaminated water, with impressive removal efficiency.