bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking a step down on the reconstruction ladder for head and neck reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rashid Haroon Ur , Rashid Mamoon , Khan Nasir , Ansari Shayan Shahid , Bibi Noshi
Published: March 2021

Background

Most of the head and neck cancers are time-critical and need urgent surgical treatment. Our unit is one of the departments in the region, at the forefront in treating head and neck cancers in Pakistan. We have continued treating these patients in the COVID-19 pandemic with certain modified protocols. The objective of this study is to share our experience and approach towards head and neck reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

There were a total of 31 patients, 20 (64.5%) were males and 11 (35.4%) patients were females. The mean age of patients was 52 years. Patients presented with different pathologies, i.e. Squamous cell carcinoma n = 26 (83.8%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma n = 2 (6.4%), adenoid cystic carcinoma n = 2 (6.4%) and mucormycosis n = 1 (3%). The reconstruction was done with loco-regional flaps like temporalis muscle flap n = 12 (38.7%), Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap n = 8 (25.8%), supraclavicular artery flap n = 10 (32.2%) and combination of fore-head, temporalis major and cheek rotation flaps n = 1 (3%). Defects involved different regions like maxilla n = 11 (35.4%), buccal mucosa n = 6 (19.3%), tongue with floor of mouth n = 6 (19.3%), mandible n = 4 (12.9%), parotid gland, mastoid n = 3 (9.6%) and combination of defects n = 1 (3%). Metal reconstruction plate was used in 3 (9.6%) patients with mandibular defects. All flaps survived, with the maximum follow-up of 8 months and minimum follow-up of 6 months.

Conclusion

Pedicled flaps are proving as the workhorse for head and neck reconstruction in unique global health crisis. Vigilant use of proper PPE and adherence to the ethical principles proves to be the only shield that will benefit patients, HCW and health system.
Characteristics of human papillomavirus infection among women with cervical cytological abnormalities in the Zhoupu District, Shanghai City, China, 2014–2019
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Qing , Li Wei , Liu Zhou , Xing Baoling , Wu Suqin , Zhou Zhaoli , Sun Liping , Ren He , Li Hengfeng , Li Huaping
Published: March 2021

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is currently the main cause of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in female patients. By analyzing 6-year patient data from Shanghai Zhoupu Hospital in China, we retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of women to determine the relationship between HPV genotype and cytological test results.

Methods

From 2014 to 2019, 23,724 cases of cervical shedding were collected from Zhoupu Hospital in Shanghai, China. By comparing the results of HPV and ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), the HPV infection rate of patients was retrospectively analyzed. HPV genotyping using commercial kits can detect 21 HPV subtypes (15 high-risk and 6 low-risk). According to the definition of the Bethesda system, seven types of cervical cytology results were involved.

Results

3816 among 23,724 women, nearly 16.08%, were infected with HPV. The top three highest HPV prevalence rates were high-risk type infection, including HPV52 (3.19%), 58 (2.47%) and 16 (2.34%). The number of single-type HPV infections (3480 (91.20%)) was much larger than the number of multi-type ones (336 (8.8%)). Single-type infections were mainly in women aged 50–60 (16.63%) and women under 30 (15.37%), while multi-type infections were more common in women over 60 (2.67%). By analyzing the long-term trends, between 2014 and 2019, HPV52, 58, and 16 subtypes changed significantly, and the HPV positive rate also changed significantly during this period. Among 4502 TCT positive women, 15 (4.04%), 125 (2.64%),159 (1.54%), 4202 (17.71%) and 1 (0.004%) had atypical glandular cells (AGC), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), atypical squamous cells (ASC)and cervical adenocarcinoma, respectively. The HPV infection rates were 66.08%, 63.99%, 115.20%, 119.50%, and 31.72% for NILM, AGCs, HSILs LSILs and ASCs, respectively.

Conclusions

HPV and TCT screening were very important steps in the secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Through the tracking and analysis of HPV and TCT results in this study, it can provide valuable information for Shanghai's HPV screening and prevention strategies, and provide references for clinical decision-making in the treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
riboCIRC: a comprehensive database of translatable circRNAs
Authors: Li Huihui , Xie Mingzhe , Wang Yan , Yang Ludong , Xie Zhi , Wang Hongwei
Published: March 2021

riboCIRC is a translatome data-oriented circRNA database specifically designed for hosting, exploring, analyzing, and visualizing translatable circRNAs from multi-species. The database provides a comprehensive repository of computationally predicted ribosome-associated circRNAs; a manually curated collection of experimentally verified translated circRNAs; an evaluation of cross-species conservation of translatable circRNAs; a systematic de novo annotation of putative circRNA-encoded peptides, including sequence, structure, and function; and a genome browser to visualize the context-specific occupant footprints of circRNAs. It represents a valuable resource for the circRNA research community and is publicly available at http://www.ribocirc.com.
The pharmacokinetics of epinephrine/adrenaline autoinjectors
Authors: Dreborg Sten , Kim Harold
Published: March 2021

Background

For a century, epinephrine has been the drug of choice for acute treatment of systemic allergic reactions/anaphylaxis. For 40 years, autoinjectors have been used for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Over the last 20 years, intramuscular epinephrine injected into the thigh has been recommended for optimal effect.

Objective

To review the literature on pharmacokinetics of epinephrine autoinjectors.

Results

Six studies assessing epinephrine autoinjector pharmacokinetics were identified. The studies, all on healthy volunteers, were completed by Simons, Edwards, Duvauchelle, Worm and Turner over the span of 2 decades. Simons et al. published two small studies that suggested that intramuscular injection was superior to subcutaneous injection. These findings were partially supported by Duvauchelle. Duvauchelle showed a proportional increase in Cmaxand AUC0-20when increasing the dose from 0.3 to 0.5 mg epinephrine intramuscularly. Turner confirmed these findings. Simons, Edwards and Duvauchelle documented the impact of epinephrine on heart rate and blood pressure. Turner confirmed a dose-dependent increase in heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume. Based on limited data, confirmed intramuscular injections appeared to lead to faster Cmax. Two discernable Cmax’swere identified in most of the studies. We identified similarities and discrepancies in a number of variables in the aforementioned studies.

Conclusions

Intramuscular injection with higher doses of epinephrine appears to lead to a higher Cmax. There is a dose dependent increase in plasma concentration and AUC0-20. Most investigators found two Cmax’swith Tmax5–10 min and 30–50 min, respectively. There is a need for conclusive trials to evaluate the differences between intramuscular and subcutaneous injections with the epinephrine delivery site confirmed with ultrasound.
DECIMER-Segmentation: Automated extraction of chemical structure depictions from scientific literature
Authors: Rajan Kohulan , Brinkhaus Henning Otto , Sorokina Maria , Zielesny Achim , Steinbeck Christoph
Published: March 2021

Chemistry looks back at many decades of publications on chemical compounds, their structures and properties, in scientific articles. Liberating this knowledge (semi-)automatically and making it available to the world in open-access databases is a current challenge. Apart from mining textual information, Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR), the translation of an image of a chemical structure into a machine-readable representation, is part of this workflow. As the OCSR process requires an image containing a chemical structure, there is a need for a publicly available tool that automatically recognizes and segments chemical structure depictions from scientific publications. This is especially important for older documents which are only available as scanned pages. Here, we present DECIMER (Deep lEarning for Chemical IMagE Recognition) Segmentation, the first open-source, deep learning-based tool for automated recognition and segmentation of chemical structures from the scientific literature. The workflow is divided into two main stages. During the detection step, a deep learning model recognizes chemical structure depictions and creates masks which define their positions on the input page. Subsequently, potentially incomplete masks are expanded in a post-processing workflow. The performance of DECIMER Segmentation has been manually evaluated on three sets of publications from different publishers. The approach operates on bitmap images of journal pages to be applicable also to older articles before the introduction of vector images in PDFs. By making the source code and the trained model publicly available, we hope to contribute to the development of comprehensive chemical data extraction workflows. In order to facilitate access to DECIMER Segmentation, we also developed a web application. The web application, available at https://decimer.ai, lets the user upload a pdf file and retrieve the segmented structure depictions.
Remarks on a recent paper titled: “On the split common fixed point problem for strict pseudocontractive and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces”
Authors: Chidume C. E.
Published: March 2021

In a recently published theorem on the split common fixed point problem for strict pseudocontractive and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Tang et al. (J. Inequal. Appl. 2015:305, 2015) studied a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth real Banach space with the Opial property and best smoothness constant κ satisfying the condition $0<\kappa < \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
0
<
κ
<

1

2

, as a real Banach space more general than Hilbert spaces. A well-known example of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth real Banach space with the Opial property is $E=l_{p}$
E
=

l
p

, $2\leq p<\infty $
2
≤
p
<
∞
. It is shown in this paper that, if κ is the best smoothness constant of E and satisfies the condition $0<\kappa \leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
0
<
κ
≤

1

2

, then E is necessarily $l_{2}$

l
2

, a real Hilbert space. Furthermore, some important remarks concerning the proof of this theorem are presented.
Exploring regional variability in the short-term impact of COVID-19 on property crime in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Payne Jason L. , Morgan Anthony , Piquero Alex R.
Published: March 2021

Confronted by rapidly growing infection rates, hospitalizations and deaths, governments around the world have introduced stringent containment measures to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. This public health response has had an unprecedented impact on people’s daily lives which, unsurprisingly, has also had widely observed implications in terms of crime and public safety. Drawing upon theories from environmental criminology, this study examines officially recorded property crime rates between March and June 2020 as reported for the state of Queensland, Australia. We use ARIMA modeling techniques to compute 6-month-ahead forecasts of property damage, shop theft, residential burglary, fraud, and motor vehicle theft rates and then compare these forecasts (and their 95% confidence intervals) with the observed data for March through to June. We conclude that, with the exception of fraud, all property offence categories declined significantly. For some offence types (shop stealing, other theft offences, and residential burglary), the decrease commenced as early as March. For other offence types, the decline was lagged and did not occur until April or May. Non-residential burglary was the only offence type to significantly increase, which it did in March, only to then decline significantly thereafter. These trends, while broadly consistent across the state’s 77 local government areas still varied in meaningful ways and we discuss possible explanations and implications.
Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor manipulation influences anxiety behavior and induces neuroinflammation within the hippocampus
Authors: Beyer Dominik K. E. , Mattukat Annika , Freund Nadja
Published: March 2021

Background

Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) mediates behavior related to anxiety, reward and memory, and is involved in inflammatory processes, all of which are affected in bipolar disorder. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is increased in patients with bipolar disorder in plasma samples, imaging studies and postmortem tissue and is an indicator for an inflammatory state. We could previously show that lentiviral overexpression of D1R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male adult rats and its termination induces bipolar disorder-like behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate anxiety and the role of the immune system, specifically IL-6 positive neurons in this animal model. Due to its high density of inflammatory mediator receptors and therewith sensibility to immune activation, the hippocampus was investigated.

Methods

Expression of the gene for D1R in glutamatergic neurons within the mPFC of male, adult rats was manipulated through an inducible lentiviral vector. Animals over-expressing the gene (mania-like state), after termination of the expression (depressive-like) and their respective control groups were investigated. Anxiety behavior was studied in the elevated plus maze and marble burying test. Furthermore, IL-6-positive cells were counted within several subregions of the hippocampus.

Results

D1R manipulation in the mPFC had only mild effects on anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. However, subjects after termination buried more marbles compared to D1R over-expressing animals and their respective control animals indicating elevated anxiety behavior. In addition, animals in the depressive-like state showed higher numbers of IL-6 positive cells reflecting an elevated pro-inflammatory state in the hippocampus, in the CA3 and dentate gyrus. Consistently, inflammatory state in the whole hippocampus and anxiety behavior correlated positively, indicating a connection between anxiety and inflammatory state of the hippocampus.

Conclusions

Behavioral and neurobiological findings support the association of manipulation of the D1R in the mPFC on anxiety and inflammation in the hippocampus. In addition, by confirming changes in the inflammatory state, the proposed animal model for bipolar disorder has been further validated.
C11orf95-RELA fusion drives aberrant gene expression through the unique epigenetic regulation for ependymoma formation
Authors: Ozawa Tatsuya , Kaneko Syuzo , Szulzewsky Frank , Qiao Zhiwei , Takadera Mutsumi , Narita Yoshitaka , Kondo Tadashi , Holland Eric C. , Hamamoto Ryuji , Ichimura Koichi
Published: March 2021

Recurrent C11orf95-RELA fusions (RELAFUS) are the hallmark of supratentorial ependymomas. The presence of RELA as the fusion partner indicates a close association of aberrant NF-κB activity with tumorigenesis. However, the oncogenic role of the C11orf95 has not been determined. Here, we performed ChIP-seq analyses to explore genomic regions bound by RELAFUS and H3K27ac proteins in human 293 T and mouse ependymoma cells. We then utilized published RNA-Seq data from human and mouse RELAFUS tumors and identified target genes that were directly regulated by RELAFUS in these tumors. Subsequent transcription factor motif analyses of RELAFUS target genes detected a unique GC-rich motif recognized by the C11orf95 moiety, that is present in approximately half of RELAFUS target genes. Luciferase assays confirmed that a promoter carrying this motif is sufficient to drive RELAFUS-dependent gene expression. Further, the RELAFUS target genes were found to be overlapped with Rela target genes primarily via non-canonical NF-κB binding sites. Using a series of truncation and substitution mutants of RELAFUS, we also show that the activation domain in the RELAFUS moiety is necessary for the regulation of gene expression of these RELAFUS target genes. Lastly, we performed an anti-cancer drug screening with mouse ependymoma cells and identified potential anti-ependymoma drugs that are related to the oncogenic mechanism of RELAFUS. These findings suggested that RELAFUS might induce ependymoma formation through oncogenic pathways orchestrated by both C11orf95 and RELA target genes. Thus, our study unveils a complex gene function of RELAFUS as an oncogenic transcription factor in RELAFUS positive ependymomas.
The effects of images posted to social media by orthodontists on public perception of professional credibility and willingness to become a client
Authors: Meira Thiago Martins , Prestes Jeany , Gasparello Gil Guilherme , Antelo Oscar Mario , Pithon Matheus Melo , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro
Published: March 2021

Background

Many patients choose health professionals using the Internet, whether through websites or social media. In orthodontics, an orthodontist’s relationship with active and potential patients can be affected by social media interactions, both as a marketing tool and as a tool for providing educational information. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the public perception of professional credibility and willingness to become a client, based on images posted by orthodontists on Instagram.

Method

This was a cross-sectional study performed using a digital self-administered questionnaire based on images from public Instagram profiles of orthodontists found using certain hashtags. The themes of the posts were analyzed through a qualitative analysis, and the results were expressed as categories. After analyzing 2445 images, 12 thematic categories emerged. A total of 446 individuals (225 laypeople, 66 dental students, and 155 dentists) evaluated the images in regard to the perception of professional credibility and willingness to become a client. One-way ANOVA and chi-square tests were applied, considering a 5% significance level.

Results

It was found that more than 95% of the participants used social media, primarily Instagram, WhatsApp, and Facebook, and the social network most used to research health services was Instagram. Statistically significant differences were found in the mean value of perceived professional credibility between the groups (p < 0.05) for the following categories: “dental traction,” “mini-implant mechanics,” “before and after treatment,” “aesthetic brackets,” “metallic brackets,” and “clear aligners.” The categories “being a teacher” and “before and after treatment” had a higher impact on the participants’ perception of credibility and willingness to become a client, unlike the “social relationship” and “family relationship” categories.

Conclusions

Some of the themes found in the orthodontists’ social media posts were found to influence the perceptions around professional credibility and willingness to become a client, although there were differences among the participants in the present study.
The Mie representation for Mercury’s magnetic field
Authors: Toepfer S. , Narita Y. , Glassmeier K. -H. , Heyner D. , Kolhey P. , Motschmann U. , Langlais B.
Published: March 2021

The parameterization of the magnetospheric field contribution, generated by currents flowing in the magnetosphere is of major importance for the analysis of Mercury’s internal magnetic field. Using a combination of the Gauss and the Mie representation (toroidal–poloidal decomposition) for the parameterization of the magnetic field enables the analysis of magnetic field data measured in current carrying regions in the vicinity of Mercury. In view of the BepiColombo mission, the magnetic field resulting from the plasma interaction of Mercury with the solar wind is simulated with a hybrid simulation code and the internal Gauss coefficients for the dipole, quadrupole and octupole field are reconstructed from the data, evaluated along the prospective trajectories of the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) using Capon’s method. Especially, it turns out that a high-precision determination of Mercury’s octupole field is expectable from the future analysis of the magnetic field data measured by the magnetometer on board MPO. Furthermore, magnetic field data of the MESSENGER mission are analyzed and the reconstructed internal Gauss coefficients are in reasonable agreement with the results from more conventional methods such as the least-square fit.
Purchasing policy, quarantine and acclimation practices of breeding gilts in Belgian pig farms
Authors: Bernaerdt Elise , Dewulf Jeroen , Verhulst Robin , Bonckaert Caroline , Maes Dominiek
Published: March 2021

Background

The breeding population is very important in pig herds, for productivity, health and profitability. Replacement of breeding animals can be accomplished by own rearing of breeding gilts or by purchasing them. Purchasing breeding gilts is a hazardous event in terms of biosecurity and introduction of pathogens into a farm. However, in literature, little is known about gilt introduction in a herd. The present study investigated the introduction procedures of purchased breeding gilts in Belgian pig herds, and the compliance of these herds to the optimal introduction procedures. A questionnaire consisting of twenty questions related to farm characteristics (n = 2), purchasing policy (n = 6), quarantine period (n = 5), and acclimation practices (n = 7) was designed, and 68 farms completed the questionnaire during an on-farm interview.

Results

The median (min. – max.) number of sows on the farms was 300 (85–2500). Fifty-seven per cent of the farms purchased breeding gilts, and there was a lot of variation in the frequency of purchase and the age at which gilts are purchased. On 95 % of those farms, a quarantine unit was used, and on most of these farms the quarantine was located on the farm itself (internal quarantine). The median (min. – max.) duration of the quarantine period was 42 (14–140) days. The most common acclimation practice was vaccination against Porcine parvovirus (96 %) andErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae(94 %), although in some farms exposure of gilts to farm-specific micro-organisms was done by providing faeces from suckling piglets (18 %) and bringing gilts in contact with sows that will be culled (16 %). Only 10 % of the farms complied with the optimal introduction procedures, i.e. purchasing policy, quarantine building and quarantine management.

Conclusions

This study showed that in many farms, practices related to purchasing, quarantine and acclimation could be improved to maintain optimal biosecurity.
Medical Complications and Prognostic Factors for Medically Unstable Conditions During Acute Inpatient Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Tennison Jegy M. , Fricke Brian C. , Fu Jack B. , Patel Tejal A. , Chen Minxing , Bruera Eduardo
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE:

Acute inpatient rehabilitation provides concurrent medical care and intensive rehabilitation. We sought to describe the nature of types of medical complications and to identify the more frequent types of medical complications management in patients with cancer undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation.

METHODS:

We reviewed the records of all consecutive patients admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation from September 1, 2017, through February 28, 2018. Presenting problem noted to be a significant change in medical status using the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Evaluation and Management Service Guide was defined as a medical complication. We recorded demographic and clinical characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors for returning to acute care.

RESULTS:

Among 165 evaluable patients, 158 (96%) had at least one medical complication, and 31 (19%) had an unplanned return to acute care. After excluding three patients who had planned return to acute care, there was a cohort of 162 patients and the most common medical complication categories were electrolyte abnormalities 81 (50%), musculoskeletal 70 (43%), genitourinary or renal 61 (38%), hematologic 58 (36%), and cardiovascular problems 46 (28%). Multivariable analysis showed that tachycardia (odds ratio [OR], 7.83; 95% CI, 2.23 to 27.54; P = .001) and weekly or more frequent RBC transfusions (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.39 to 19.64; P = .014) were independently associated with unplanned return to acute care.

CONCLUSION:

A high frequency and wide range of medical complications and interventions occur in patients with cancer undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation. Close monitoring and expertise are needed for this patient population.
Opportunities Beyond the Anesthesiology Department: Broader Impact Through Broader Thinking
Authors: Mathis Michael R. , Schonberger Robert B. , Whitlock Elizabeth L. , Vogt Keith M. , Lagorio John E. , Jones Keith A. , Conroy Joanne M. , Kheterpal Sachin
Published: March 2021

Ensuring a productive clinical and research workforce requires bringing together physicians and communities to improve health, by strategic targeting of initiatives with clear and significant public health relevance. Within anesthesiology, the traditional perspective of the field’s health impact has focused on providing safe and effective intraoperative care, managing critical illness, and treating acute and chronic pain. However, there are limitations to such a framework for anesthesiology’s public health impact, including the transient nature of acute care episodes such as the intraoperative period and critical illness, and a historical focus on analgesia alone—rather than the complex psychosocial milieu—for pain management. Due to the often episodic nature of anesthesiologists’ interactions with patients, it remains challenging for anesthesiologists to achieve their full potential for broad impact and leadership within increasingly integrated health systems. To unlock this potential, anesthesiologists should cultivate new clinical, research, and administrative roles within the health system—transcending traditional missions, seeking interdepartmental collaborations, and taking measures to elevate anesthesiologists as dynamic and trusted leaders.

This special article examines 3 core themes for how anesthesiologists can enhance their impact within the health care system and pursue new collaborative health missions with nonanesthesiologist clinicians, researchers, and administrative leaders. These themes include (1) reframing of traditional anesthesiologist missions toward a broader health system-wide context; (2) leveraging departmental and institutional support for professional career development; and (3) strategically prioritizing leadership attributes to enhance system-wide anesthesiologist contributions to improving overall patient health.
Prevention of Cardiac Surgery–Associated Acute Kidney Injury by Implementing the KDIGO Guidelines in High-Risk Patients Identified by Biomarkers: The PrevAKI-Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zarbock Alexander , Küllmar Mira , Ostermann Marlies , Lucchese Gianluca , Baig Kamran , Cennamo Armando , Rajani Ronak , McCorkell Stuart , Arndt Christian , Wulf Hinnerk , Irqsusi Marc , Monaco Fabrizio , Di Prima Ambra Licia , García Alvarez Mercedes , Italiano Stefano , Miralles Bagan Jordi , Kunst Gudrun , Nair Shrijit , L’Acqua Camilla , Hoste Eric , Vandenberghe Wim , Honore Patrick M. , Kellum John A. , Forni Lui G. , Grieshaber Philippe , Massoth Christina , Weiss Raphael , Gerss Joachim , Wempe Carola , Meersch Melanie
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

Prospective, single-center trials have shown that the implementation of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommendations in high-risk patients significantly reduced the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) after surgery. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a bundle of supportive measures based on the KDIGO guideline in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery in a multicenter setting in preparation for a large definitive trial.

METHODS:

In this multicenter, multinational, randomized controlled trial, we examined the adherence to the KDIGO bundle consisting of optimization of volume status and hemodynamics, functional hemodynamic monitoring, avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs, and prevention of hyperglycemia in high-risk patients identified by the urinary biomarkers tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 [TIMP-2] and insulin growth factor–binding protein 7 [IGFBP7] after cardiac surgery. The primary end point was the adherence to the bundle protocol and was evaluated by the percentage of compliant patients with a 95% confidence interval (CI) according to Clopper-Pearson. Secondary end points included the development and severity of AKI.

RESULTS:

In total, 278 patients were included in the final analysis. In the intervention group, 65.4% of patients received the complete bundle as compared to 4.2% in the control group (absolute risk reduction [ARR] 61.2 [95% CI, 52.6-69.9]; P < .001). AKI rates were statistically not different in both groups (46.3% intervention versus 41.5% control group; ARR −4.8% [95% CI, −16.4 to 6.9]; P = .423). However, the occurrence of moderate and severe AKI was significantly lower in the intervention group as compared to the control group (14.0% vs 23.9%; ARR 10.0% [95% CI, 0.9-19.1]; P = .034). There were no significant effects on other specified secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of a KDIGO-derived treatment bundle is feasible in a multinational setting. Furthermore, moderate to severe AKI was significantly reduced in the intervention group.
Anesthesia for a Patient With Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome: A First Case Report
Authors: Swenson Schalkwyk Anna K. , Agarwal Rita
Published: March 2021

We present a case of a child with Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS) undergoing general anesthesia for placement of a laparoscopic gastrostomy tube. AGS is a rare genetic leukodystrophy that can affect most organ systems with extensive neurologic effects. These changes potentially have great anesthetic implications. We describe our anesthetic management and discuss these implications. The patient had a prolonged duration of action of rocuronium and an otherwise uneventful anesthetic course.
Hypopharyngeal Perforation Mimicking Esophageal Atresia: A Case Report of an Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant Emphasizing the Need for Preoperative Endoscopy
Authors: Kaufmann Jost , Laschat Michael , Schieren Mark , Böckenholt Kai , Klein Tobias , Wappler Frank
Published: March 2021

We report a case of an extremely low birth weight premature infant born at 27 weeks of gestation, transferred to our tertiary pediatric referral center for surgical repair of an esophageal atresia. Endoscopic evaluation before the start of surgery revealed a hypopharyngeal perforation, resulting in the false impression of esophageal atresia. If no tracheoesophageal fistula is found during tracheoscopy, esophagoscopy should be done before surgical intervention as the inability to pass a nasogastric tube into the stomach is not sufficiently reliable for a correct diagnosis of esophageal atresia.
Cowley’s Dream of a Shadow: Imitation against Experience
Authors: Mattison Andrew
Published: March 2021

This essay describes Abraham Cowley’s tendency, apparent throughout his work but particularly in his collected editions of 1656 and 1668, to embrace the imitation of literary models to an extent that, as he admits, can be disconcerting for readers and interfere with the literary representation of history and his own experience. Cowley’s poetic rethinking of the legacies of Homer, Pindar, the Anacreontea, Vergil, and Claudian parallels his resistance to mimetic treatment of his life and passions. This orientation toward literary history at the expense of representation, the essay argues, is rooted in a distinctive and compelling theory of interpretation, whose significance beyond Cowley’s work is revealed by the struggles of critics from the eighteenth century to the present to make sense of the relationship between life and art in his verse. These critics unwittingly demonstrate the prescience of Cowley’s depiction of reading and interpretation as potentially alienating ruptures of the connections between poems and their subject matter.
Value of MRI texture analysis for predicting new Gleason grade group
Authors: He Xiaojing , Xiong Hui , Zhang Haiping , Liu Xinjie , Zhou Jun , Guo Dajing
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

To explore the potential value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) texture analysis (TA) to predict new Gleason Grade Group (GGG).

Methods

Fifty-eight lesions of fifty patients who underwent mpMRI scanning, including T  2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) prior to trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided core prostate biopsy, were retrospectively enrolled. TA parameters were obtained by the postprocessing software, and each lesion was assigned to its corresponding GGG. TA parameters derived from T2WI and DWI were statistically analyzed in detail.

Results:

Energy, inertia, and correlation derived from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and T2WI had a statistically significant difference among the five groups. Kurtosis, energy, inertia, correlation on ADC maps and Energy, inertia on T2WI were moderately related to the GGG trend. ADC-energy and T2-energy were significant independent predictors of the GGG trend. ADC-energy, T2WI-energy, and T2WI-correlation had a statistically significant difference between GGG1 and GGG2-5. ADC-energy were significant independent predictors of the GGG1. ADC-energy, T2WI-energy, and T2WI-correlation showed satisfactory diagnostic efficiency of GGG1 (area under the curve (AUC) 84.6, 74.3, and 83.5%, respectively), and ADC-energy showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (88.9 and 95.1%, respectively).

Conclusion:

TA parameters ADC-energy and T2-energy played an important role in predicting GGG trend. Both ADC-energy and T2-correlation produced a high diagnostic power of GGG1, and ADC-energy was perfect predictors of GGG1.

Advances in knowledge:

TA parameters were innovatively used to predict new GGG trend, and the predictive factors of GGG1 were screen out.
Bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus within an inguinoscrotal hernia: a rare diagnosis in an elderly patient
Authors: Ghimire Nisham , Silva Diogo JV , Bavikatte Akshay , Olugbemi Mojolaoluwa , Mishra Ami , Smith Sarah Ann
Published: March 2021

Gallstone ileus and obstructed inguinal hernias are respectively, rare and common causes of small bowel obstruction. There are no published cases of these pathologies occurring simultaneously. Here, we describe a unique case of an elderly male patient presenting with a small bowel obstruction caused by these combined pathologies. Following an acute presentation with obstructive symptoms, a CT scan demonstrated small bowel obstruction due to a large gallstone lodged in the neck of an inguinoscrotal hernia with associated pneumobilia. The case may have been managed conservatively if it was not for the presence of the gallstone. Previous imaging had incidentally demonstrated gallstones in the gallbladder and a large uncomplicated right inguinoscrotal hernia. It is presumed that a cholecystoduodenal fistula formed and a gallstone then migrated downstream to lodge within the neck of the inguinoscrotal hernia. This case underscores the concept that even in the presence of an “obvious” cause of small bowel obstruction, such as an irreducible, large inguinoscrotal hernia, we must always maintain a healthy clinical skepticism and an open mind to other unexpected aetiologies, which may account for the clinical presentation that might impact subsequent management.
Predictability of stock market indexes following large drawdowns and drawups
Authors: Brandi Vinicius Ratton
Published: March 2021

The efficient market hypothesis is one of the most popular subjects in the empirical finance literature. Previous studies of the stock markets, which are mostly based on fixed-time price variations, have inconclusive findings: evidence of short-term predictability varies according to different samples and methodologies. We propose a novel approach and use drawdowns and drawups as triggers, to investigate the existence of short-term abnormal returns in the stock markets. As these measures are not computed within a fixed time horizon, they are flexible enough to capture subordinate, time-dependent processes that could drive market under- or overreaction. Most estimates in our results support the efficient market hypothesis. The underreaction hypothesis receives stronger support than does overreaction, with higher prevalence of return continuations than reversals. Evidence for the uncertain information hypothesis is present in some markets, mainly after lower-magnitude events.
Alterações de CEOs e o gerenciamento de resultados contábeis no Brasil
Authors: Neto Adolpho Cyriaco Nunes de Souza , Sampaio Joelson de Oliveira , Flores Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Esse estudo buscou averiguar a presença do gerenciamento de resultados contábeis nos períodos afetados pela substituição dos chief executive officer (CEO) no Brasil. Utilizando dados de 227 companhias listadas na B3 de 2010 a 2016, verificou-se, por meio dos modelos de Jones Modificado e Jones Modificado com ROA, que não há indícios da prática de gerenciamento por parte dos administradores que deixam as organizações. Todavia, foram verificadas indicações de que os novos executivos tendem a gerenciar os resultados de forma mais veemente nos primeiros anos de seus mandatos. Referidos achados reforçam as suposições teórico-conceituais de que os novos CEOs tendem a piorar os resultados no momento de sua entrada. Este resultado poderia ser compreendido como uma busca para que lhes seja atribuído demasiado êxito em períodos futuros comparados aos seus predecessores. Adicionalmente, a realização do gerenciamento nos primeiros anos se daria com maior vulto em função desses administradores estarem em período de avaliação quanto ao cumprimento de suas funções no cargo.
O impacto da política monetária no mercado de ações brasileiro
Authors: Soares Luan Wallacy Vieira , Firme Vinícius de Azevedo Couto , Lima Júnior Luiz Antônio de
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho usou modelos ARDL, com controles macroeconômicos, para analisar o efeito da política monetária sobre o mercado de ações brasileiro (IBOVESPA) entre janeiro/2003 e junho/2018. Os resultados indicam que os juros reais domésticos e estrangeiros não tem efeitos diretos significativos sobre o IBOVESPA. Já uma desvalorização no câmbio real e um aumento do risco-Brasil seriam prejudiciais apenas no curto prazo. A volatilidade externa geraria um “susto inicial inofensivo”, mas acabaria atraindo investidores estrangeiros no longo prazo. O crescimento econômico e a redução da inflação esperada impulsionariam o mercado tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo. Verificou-se que o IBOVESPA diminui (aumenta) quando os indivíduos são surpreendidos por uma taxa de juros nominal, notavelmente, acima (abaixo) do esperado. Ademais, os efeitos indiretos da inflação esperada mostraram-se relevantes e coerentes com a teoria. Em média, qualquer choque se estabilizaria em 5,65 meses.
Embodied listening and coupling
Authors: Jactat Bruno
Published: March 2021

Current approaches to listening are built on standard cognitive science, which considers the brain as the locus of all cognitive activity. This work aims to investigate listening as phenomena occurring within a brain, a body (embodiment), and an environment (situatedness). Drawing on insights from physiology, acoustics, and audiology, this essay presents listening as an interdependent brain-body-environment construct grounded in dynamic systems theory.

Coupling, self-organization, and attractors are the central characteristics of dynamic systems. This article reviews the first of these aspects in order to develop a fuller understanding of how embodied listening occurs. It introduces the mind-body problem before reviewing dynamic systems theory and exploring the notion of coupling in human hearing by way of current and original analogies drawn from engineering. It posits that the current use of the Watt governor device as an analogy for coupling is too simplistic to account for the coupling phenomena in the human ear.

In light of this review of the physiological characteristics of the peripheral auditory system, coupling in hearing appears more variegated than originally thought and accounts for the diversity of perception among individuals, a cause for individual variance in how the mind emerges, which in turn affects academic performance. Understanding the constraints and affordances of the physical ear with regard to incoming sound supports the embodied listening paradigm.
Induction of interferon signaling and allograft inflammatory factor 1 in macrophages in a mouse model of breast cancer metastases
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhao Dejian , Zhang Hui , Chinnasamy Prameladevi , Sibinga Nicholas , Pollard Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2021

Background: Metastatic breast cancer cells recruit macrophages (metastasis-associated macrophages, or MAMs) to facilitate their seeding, survival and outgrowth. However, a comprehensive understanding of the gene expression program in MAMs and how this program contributes to metastasis remain elusive.

Methods: We compared the transcriptomes of MAMs recruited to lung metastases and resident alveolar macrophages (RAMs) and identified a large variety of differentially expressed genes and their associated signaling pathways. Some of the changes were validated using qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. To probe the functional relevance to metastatic growth, a gene-targeting mouse model of female mice in the C57BL6/J background was used to study allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1, also known as ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 or IBA1).

Results: Interferon signaling is one of the most activated pathways in MAMs, with strong upregulation of multiple components of the pathway and a significant enrichment for the gene signatures of interferon-alpha-treated human macrophages. Aif1, an interferon-responsive gene that regulates multiple macrophage activities, was robustly induced in MAMs. Aif1 deficiency in MAMs, however, did not affect development of lung metastases, suggesting that AIF1 indicates MAM activation but is dispensable for regulating metastasis.

Conclusions: The drastically different gene expression profile of MAMs as compared to RAMs suggests an important role in promoting metastatic growth. Dissection of the underlying mechanisms and functional validation of potential targets in the profile may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic diseases.
Russian Iambic Tetrameter: The Evolution of Its Rhythmic Structure
Authors: Liapin Sergei
Published: March 2021

To characterize the rhythm of stresses in a line of Russian iambic tetrameter, a frequency profile is often used, i. e., a diagram of the occurrence of real stresses on all feet (ictuses) of the verse line. This article discusses in detail one of the mechanisms that enables the speech factor to influence the formation of the stress profile. It is shown that in Russian iambic tetrameter of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the high frequency of stresses of the second ictus is explained by the fact that the beginning of the line more often than not coincides with the beginning of a sentence or clause, and the Russian syntagma is more frequently stressed in the middle. And vice versa, wherever the frequency of enjambments increases, the second ictus is less frequently stressed, because the beginning of the syntagma moves to the middle of the line. Considering the above, the author attempts to characterize the peculiarity of the rhythmic structure of Russian iambic tetrameter in synchronic and diachronic aspects and reveal some major large-scale trends such as the growth of the rhythmic diversity of poetic texts.
Russian Binary Meters
Authors: Taranovsky Kiril , Feinberg Lawrence E.
Published: March 2021

Russian Binary Meters. Part One
No Free Lunch After All: Corporate Political Connections and Firms’ Location Choices
Authors: Jia Nan , Zhao Bo , Zheng Wei , Lu Jiangyong
Published: March 2021

We examine how the presence of a firm’s political connections in a candidate location affects the firm’s likelihood of choosing that location over unconnected but otherwise comparable ones to establish a new subsidiary. First, because of various benefits that political connections can generate for firms, all else equal, firms are more likely to choose the locations in which they have connections with local political leaders. Second, this effect is dampened when local economic conditions may drive local politicians to demand that connected firms engage in economically inefficient but politically desirable tasks, such as hiring superfluous labor. As a result, firms are less likely to choose a politically connected location that also suffers from higher unemployment. Moreover, this dampening effect exists (and becomes stronger) when the connected politicians hold political positions that shoulder greater responsibility for resolving local unemployment issues. Using data on all new subsidiaries established by Chinese listed firms from 2003 to 2009, we obtain empirical evidence that corroborates the hypotheses. Therefore, whether and how firms use their political connections in making location choice is strategic in that it is highly dependent on the economic and political context.
Open-loop Independent Metering Control of a Multi-DOF Forwarder Boom
Authors: Huova Mikko , Tammisto Jyrki , Linjama Matti
Published: March 2021

This study applies independent metering control in a forestry forwarder in order to improve its energy efficiency. The paper describes the control method, which enables smooth control mode switches and relatively accurate velocity tracking without position, velocity or acceleration feedback. The energy saving capability is analysed through measured, realistic, working cycle, which is repeated for the baseline system and independent metering system. The input energy taken by the control valves is compared. Furthermore, the power losses of the supply pump and diesel engine are modelled to achieve semi-empirical estimate for the diesel fuel consumption. The results show an average reduction of 25% in the fuel consumption when compared to the baseline.
‘Fat chance’: a review of adipose tissue engineering and its role in plastic and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Mughal M , Sindali K , Man J , Roblin P
Published: March 2021

Soft tissue reconstruction remains a continuing challenge for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Standard methods of reconstruction such as local tissue transfer and free autologous tissue transfer are successful in addressing soft tissue cover, yet they do not come without the additional morbidity of donor sites. Autologous fat transfer has been used in reconstruction of soft tissue defects in different branches of plastic surgery, specifically breast and facial defect reconstruction, while further maintaining a role in body contouring procedures. Current autologous fat transfer techniques come with the drawbacks of donor-site morbidity and, more significantly, resorption of large amounts of fat. Advancement in tissue engineering has led to the use of engineered adipose tissue structures based on adipose-derived stem cells. This enables a mechanically similar reconstruct that is abundantly available.

Cosmetic and mechanical similarity with native tissue is the main clinical goal for engineered adipose tissue. Development of novel techniques in the availability of natural tissue is an exciting prospect; however, it is important to investigate the potential of cell sources and culture strategies for clinical applications. We review these techniques and their applications in plastic surgery.