bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Deregulation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methylation in Cancer—Different Paths, Same Destination
Authors: Ezponda Teresa , Licht Jonathan D.
Published: July 2014

Methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me), a modification associated with gene repression, plays a critical role in regulating the expression of genes that determine the balance between cell differentiation and proliferation. Alteration of the level of this histone modification has emerged as a recurrent theme in many types of cancer, demonstrating that either excess or lack of H3K27 methylation can have oncogenic effects. Cancer genome sequencing has revealed the genetic basis of H3K27me deregulation, including mutations of the components of the H3K27 methyltransferase complex PRC2 and accessory proteins, and deletions and inactivating mutations of the H3K27 demethylase UTX in a wide variety of neoplasms. More recently, mutations of lysine 27 on histone H3 itself were shown to prevent H3K27me in pediatric glioblastomas. Aberrant expression or mutations in proteins that recognize H3K27me3 also occur in cancer and may result in misinterpretation of this mark. In addition, due to the cross-talk between different epigenetic modifications, alterations of chromatin modifiers controlling H3K36me, or even mutations of this residue, can ultimately regulate H3K27me levels and distribution across the genome. The significance of mutations altering H3K27me is underscored by the fact that many tumors harboring such lesions often have a poor clinical outcome. New therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant H3K27 methylation include small molecules that block the action of mutant EZH2 in germinal center-derived lymphoma. Understanding the biologic consequences and gene expression pathways affected by aberrant H3K27 methylation may also lead to other new therapeutic strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(19); 5001–8. ©2014 AACR.
p53MVA Therapy in Patients with Refractory Gastrointestinal Malignancies Elevates p53-Specific CD8+ T-cell Responses
Authors: Hardwick Nicola R. , Carroll Mary , Kaltcheva Teodora , Qian Dajun , Lim Dean , Leong Lucille , Chu Peiguo , Kim Joseph , Chao Joseph , Fakih Marwan , Yen Yun , Espenschied Jonathan , Ellenhorn Joshua D. I. , Diamond Don J. , Chung Vincent
Published: July 2014

Purpose: To conduct a phase I trial of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine delivering wild-type human p53 (p53MVA) in patients with refractory gastrointestinal cancers.

Experimental Design: Three patients were vaccinated with 1.0 × 108 plaque-forming unit (pfu) p53MVA followed by nine patients at 5.6 × 108 pfu. Toxicity was classified using the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria and clinical responses were assessed by CT scan. Peripheral blood samples were collected pre- and post-immunization for immunophenotyping, monitoring of p53MVA-induced immune response, and examination of PD1 checkpoint inhibition in vitro.

Results: p53MVA immunization was well tolerated at both doses, with no adverse events above grade 2. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showing enhanced recognition of a p53 overlapping peptide library were detectable after the first immunization, particularly in the CD8+ T-cell compartment (P = 0.03). However, in most patients, this did not expand further with the second and third immunization. The frequency of PD1+ T cells detectable in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly higher than in healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequency of PD1+ CD8+ T cells showed an inverse correlation with the peak CD8+ p53 response (P = 0.02) and antibody blockade of PD1 in vitro increased the p53 immune responses detected after the second or third immunizations. Induction of strong T-cell and antibody responses to the MVA backbone were also apparent.

Conclusion: p53MVA was well tolerated and induced robust CD8+ T-cell responses. Combination of p53MVA with immune checkpoint inhibition could help sustain immune responses and lead to enhanced clinical benefit. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4459–70. ©2014 AACR.
SAR650984, A Novel Humanized CD38-Targeting Antibody, Demonstrates Potent Antitumor Activity in Models of Multiple Myeloma and Other CD38+ Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Deckert Jutta , Wetzel Marie-Cécile , Bartle Laura M. , Skaletskaya Anna , Goldmacher Victor S. , Vallée François , Zhou-Liu Qing , Ferrari Paul , Pouzieux Stéphanie , Lahoute Charlotte , Dumontet Charles , Plesa Adriana , Chiron Marielle , Lejeune Pascale , Chittenden Thomas , Park Peter U. , Blanc Véronique
Published: July 2014

Purpose: The CD38 cell surface antigen is expressed in diverse hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and T-cell ALL. Here, we assessed the antitumor activity of the anti-CD38 antibody SAR650984.

Experimental Design: Activity of SAR650984 was examined on lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma cell lines, primary multiple myeloma samples, and multiple myeloma xenograft models in immunodeficient mice.

Results: We identified a humanized anti-CD38 antibody with strong proapoptotic activity independent of cross-linking agents, and potent effector functions including complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), equivalent in vitro to rituximab in CD20+ and CD38+ models. This unique antibody, termed SAR650984, inhibited the ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity of CD38, likely through an allosteric antagonism as suggested by 3D structure analysis of the complex. In vivo, SAR650984 was active in diverse NHL, ALL, and multiple myeloma CD38+ tumor xenograft models. SAR650984 demonstrated single-agent activity comparable with rituximab or cyclophosphamide in Daudi or SU-DHL-8 lymphoma xenograft models with induction of the proapoptotic marker cleaved capase-7. In addition, SAR650984 had more potent antitumor activity than bortezomib in NCI-H929 and Molp-8 multiple myeloma xenograft studies. Consistent with its mode of action, SAR650984 demonstrated potent proapoptotic activity against CD38+ human primary multiple myeloma cells.

Conclusion: These results validate CD38 as a therapeutic target and support the current evaluation of this unique CD38-targeting functional antibody in phase I clinical trials in patients with CD38+ B-cell malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4574–83. ©2014 AACR.
Vitamin D and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Cardiovascular Function and Immune Function
Authors: El-Fakhri N. , McDevitt H. , Shaikh M.G. , Halsey C. , Ahmed S.F.
Published: July 2014

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the non-skeletal effects of vitamin D. It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency may influence the development of diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunction and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the effects of vitamin D and its deficiency on cardiovascular function, glucose homeostasis and immune function, with a particular focus on children. Although, there is good evidence to show that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and an abnormality of the above systems, there is little evidence to show that vitamin D supplementation leads to an improvement in function, especially in childhood.
Optimizing Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing for Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome: Electrode Placement
Authors: Zuniga M. Geraldine , Davalos-Bichara Marcela , Schubert Michael C. , Carey John P. , Janky Kristen L.
Published: July 2014

Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) using 2 electrode montages for the diagnosis of superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS). Subjects: 16 SCDS patients (17 affected-SCDS ears, 15 contralateral-SCDS ears) and 12 controls (24 ears). Methods: oVEMPs were recorded in response to 500-Hz tone bursts using 2 electrode montages. For both montages the active electrode was placed approximately 5 mm below each eye and a ground electrode on the sternum. For montage 1 (standard), the reference electrode was centered 2 cm below each active electrode. For montage 2, the reference electrode was placed on the chin. Results: For either montage, the separation between oVEMP amplitudes in affected-SCDS ears and controls was significant (p < 0.001), with excellent sensitivity and specificity (>90%). Conclusion: oVEMP recordings with the standard montage remain a reliable method for evaluation of SCDS.
The French National Alzheimer Database: A Fast Growing Database for Researchers and Clinicians
Authors: Anthony Sabine , Pradier Christian , Chevrier Roland , Festraëts Julie , Tifratene Karim , Robert Philippe ,   and the participating centers
Published: July 2014

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health issue. The French National Alzheimer database (BNA) registers all medical acts performed by memory units and independent specialists throughout France. This article describes the national coverage, the registered patient characteristics and illustrates research possibilities. Methods: All data transmitted up to December 2012 were analyzed. The following patient characteristics were studied: age, sex, educational level, place of living, diagnosis, Mini-Mental State Examination score and existence of pharmacological or psychosocial interventions. Results: At the end of 2012, the BNA included 84% (n = 357) of all French memory units, contained 341,498 patients and more than 800,000 medical acts. AD accounted for 26.4% of all registered diagnoses, related disorders for 21.7% and mild cognitive impairment for 8.7%. Conclusion: The BNA offers a multitude of research possibilities. In the coming years, the BNA will play a major role in monitoring trends and related risk factors in AD.
Risk Factors for Acquiring Potentially Drug-Resistant Pathogens in Immunocompetent Patients with Pneumonia Developed Out of Hospital
Authors: Jeong Byeong-Ho , Koh Won-Jung , Yoo Hongseok , Park Hye Yun , Suh Gee Young , Chung Man Pyo , Kwon O. Jung , Jeon Kyeongman
Published: July 2014

Background: The concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) exists to identify patients infected with highly resistant pathogens who are exposed to the healthcare environment. However, many studies have included immunosuppressed patients who were excluded from the original concept. Objectives: The risk factors of potentially drug-resistant (PDR) pathogens in patients with pneumonia developed outside the hospital were reevaluated after excluding the patients who had immunosuppression. Methods: This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from all consecutive patients with pneumonia who were admitted to hospital via the emergency department between January 2008 and December 2011. Results: Pathogens were isolated in a total of 315 patients with pneumonia from our cohort; 33% with PDR pathogens did not meet the criteria for HCAP, but 44% without PDR pathogens did meet the criteria. Variables independently associated with PDR included nursing home residency, hospitalization in the preceding 90 days, antibiotics in the 30 days prior to pneumonia, poor function status and chronic lung disease. The new predictive scoring system based on the logistic regression model had a higher predictive power for the risk of PDR pathogens than the presence of the risk factors or the HCAP criteria. Conclusions: Functional status, pulmonary comorbidity and previous exposure to the healthcare environment were significantly associated with acquiring PDR pathogens in immunocompetent patients with pneumonia that developed out of hospital. However, a risk stratification model was more accurate than the presence of the risk factors or the HCAP criteria for assessing the probability of PDR pathogens.
From T Cell Apoptosis to Chronic Immune Activation in Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Citro Alessandra , Barnaba Vincenzo , Martini Helene
Published: July 2014

A variety of physiological and pathological conditions may induce cell death. Therefore, it is reasonable that apoptotic cells send different signals promoting either tolerance or immune responses. Many factors influence the type of response, such as the quality (e.g. bearing or released factors, activation state), the timing and the site of cell death. In particular, the activation state of apoptotic lymphocytes (CD40L expression) may be crucial in determining the fate of their cross-presentation, i.e. cross-tolerance versus cross-priming. The cross-presentation of apoptotic activated CD40L+ T cells determines the cross-priming of apoptotic epitope-specific CD8+ T cells. These autoreactive CD8+ T cells are observed in diseases with a sustained component of chronic inflammation such as chronic viral infections and systemic autoimmune diseases. We have explored this phenomenon in HIV and chronic hepatitis C virus infections as well as in multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, all conditions where these CD8+ T cells participate in the maintenance of a low-level state of inflammation.
Role of NHE1 in the Cellular Dysfunction of Acute Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Wu Dongmei , Kraut Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2014

Background: Metabolic acidosis is associated with impaired cellular function. This has been attributed to the accompanying reduction in intracellular and interstitial pH of the myocardium. Recent studies suggest that activation of the cellular Na+-H+ exchanger NHE1 might contribute to myocardial dysfunction. This review examines the experimental evidence which supports the role of NHE1 in the genesis of acidosis-induced cellular dysfunction, the benefits of its inhibition, and the type of acidosis that might benefit from therapy. Summary: Information was obtained by searching MEDLINE for articles published between 1969 and 2013 using the terms: NHE1, metabolic acidosis, lactic acidosis, ischemia-reperfusion, shock, resuscitation, high anion gap acidosis, and non-gap acidosis. Each article was also reviewed for additional suitable references. Nineteen manuscripts published between 2002 and 2013 assessed the impact of inhibition of NHE1 on cellular function. They revealed that NHE1 is activated with metabolic acidosis associated with hypoxia, hypoperfusion, hemorrhagic shock, and sepsis. This was associated with a rise in cellular sodium and calcium and cardiac dysfunction including reduced contractility and a predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias. Inhibition of NHE1 with specific inhibitors improved cardiac function, reduced blood and tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased mortality. Key Message: These results suggest that use of inhibitors of NHE1 might be worthwhile in the treatment of some types of acute metabolic acidosis, specifically the lactic acidosis associated with hypoxia, hemorrhagic shock, and cardiac arrest. Its potential role in the treatment of other forms of acute metabolic acidosis remains to be determined.
Sequential Treatment of Multiple Actinic Keratoses with Solaraze and Actikerall
Authors: Dirschka Thomas , Lear John T.
Published: July 2014

Interest is increasing in the use of sequential or combined therapeutic modalities for spot or area treatment of actinic keratoses (AKs) to achieve complete sustained remission. For multiple lesions in a contained area, topical treatment offers less discomfort, better cosmesis and greater patient convenience than destructive/ablative techniques. Twelve patients with multiple grade I and II AK lesions of the scalp (cases 1-10) or the dorsum of the hand (cases 11 and 12), most with a history of recurrence, were treated with Solaraze gel (3% diclofenac sodium in 2.5% hyaluronic acid) twice daily for 12 weeks, followed by a 2-week treatment-free interval, then Actikerall cutaneous solution (5-fluorouracil 5 mg/g and salicylic acid 100 mg/g) once daily for up to 6 weeks as required. Sequential treatment provided complete (clinical and histological) clearance in 8/10 male patients. Two patients with numerous lesions had partial clearance (significant improvement) and the remaining few lesions were treated with erbium laser. Both female patients achieved complete clinical clearance with sequential treatment. Solaraze/Actikerall were well tolerated. A case of contact dermatitis with Solaraze resolved after discontinuation and the patient progressed to treatment with Actikerall. Local application site reactions resolved upon treatment completion. Topical lesion-directed sequential treatment with Solaraze/Actikerall is a rational approach to treat patients with multiple AKs. Sequential treatment produces excellent clearance rates which are accompanied by relevant improvement in patients' quality of life.
The Influence of Directive Strategies on Settlement Duration
Authors: Gartner Scott Sigmund
Published: July 2014

Are Directive Strategies in international disputes the most effective mediation method for obtaining durable peace? A standard statistical analysis shows no effect of Directive Strategies on settlement durability. This result however, is misleading, failing to take selection and indirect effects into account. In this article, I identify when selection and process effects reinforce or oppose each other. Directive Strategies have opposing negative selection and positive process effects, which can distort inferences about their influence. Strategies’ direct and indirect effects are also examined. Directive Strategies are more likely to lead to Full Settlements – the most comprehensive form of agreement, which improve the settlement durability (an indirect effect). However, Directive Strategies are used in more intractable disputes that result in fragile settlements (a direct effect). A statistical analysis of international disputes that takes these conflicting dynamics into account demonstrates the efficacy of Directive Mediation Strategies in producing durable agreements.
To Prosecute or Not to Prosecute: Civil War Mediation and International Criminal Justice
Authors: Greig J. Michael , Meernik James D.
Published: July 2014

The International Criminal Court (icc) came into force in July 2002 with the potential to drastically alter both the war fighting and peacemaking behavior of states. Theiccis designed to try and subsequently punish those found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Supporters of theicchave argued that its establishment will erode the norm of impunity that state and military leaders have historically enjoyed. Yet, another logic suggests that the initiation of aniccinvestigation or the issuance of an arrest warrant for individuals embroiled in an ongoing dispute may make matters worse. Such individuals may see little reason to stop fighting and reach a settlement if conflict resolution results in their detention in The Hague. Indeed, suspected war criminals and their patrons may wish to escalate their violence in order to avoid showing any sign of weakness or possibility of capitulation lest their enemies press the fight or their rivals seek to undermine their authority. In this article, we explore the potential impact of theiccon the likelihood of peace by examining the impact of actions by theicc– the initiation of investigations into conflict situations and the issuance of arrest warrants for those suspected of committing violations of international law – on the likelihood of mediation. Our findings suggest that whileiccarrest warrants can encourage mediation, the initiation of investigations by theicccan actually undermine the occurrence of mediation.
A new species of Hemiphyllodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from northern Laos
Authors: Nguyen Truong Quang , Botov Andreas , Le Minh Duc , Nophaseud Liphone , Zug George , Bonkowski Michael , Ziegler Thomas
Published: July 2014

A new species of the genus Hemiphyllodactylus is described from Luang Prabang Province, northern Laos. Hemiphyllodactylus kiziriani sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining congeners by morphology, coloration, and a significant genetic divergence of greater than 20% (ND2 gene). The new species from Laos is characterized by the following features: SVL of adult males 35.1–40.1 mm, of adult females 36.3–40.8 mm; dorsal scale rows 18–27; ventral scale rows 11–15; chin scales bordering mental and first infralabial distinctly enlarged; digital lamellae formulae 3-4-4-4 (forefoot) and 4-4/5-4/5-4 (hindfoot); femoral pores 0–4, total precloacal pores 10–13 in males, 8–10 pitted precloacal scales in females; cloacal spurs present in both sexes; dorsal trunk pattern dark brown with two rows of irregular transverse bands; dark lateral head stripe distinct; upper zone of flank with a dark brown stripe; caecum and gonadal ducts unpigmented.
Devario deruptotalea, a new species of cyprinid fish from Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: RAMANANDA YUMNAM , VISHWANATH WAIKHOM
Published: July 2014

Devario deruptotalea, a new cyprinid fish, is described from Dutah Stream, a tributary of the Yu River (Chindwin drainage) in Manipur, India. It is distinguished from all its congeners by a unique colour pattern consisting of the following combination of pigmented elements: 4‒6 dark brown irregularly shaped and arranged bars that are partly confluent with adjacent bars at different levels on the anterior one-third of the side of the body, followed by three distinct dark brown stripes posteriorly, a P stripe that is darker and about twice as broad as other stripes and extending to the tip of the median caudal-fin rays.
Measurements of Form and Frictional Drags over a Rough Topographic Bank
Authors: Wijesekera H. W. , Jarosz E. , Teague W. J. , Wang D. W. , Fribance D. B. , Moum J. N. , Warner S. J.
Published: July 2014

Pressure differences across topography generate a form drag that opposes the flow in the water column, and viscous and pressure forces acting on roughness elements of the topographic surface generate a frictional drag on the bottom. Form drag and bottom roughness lengths were estimated over the East Flower Garden Bank (EFGB) in the Gulf of Mexico by combining an array of bottom pressure measurements and profiles of velocity and turbulent kinetic dissipation rates. The EFGB is a coral bank about 6 km wide and 10 km long located at the shelf edge that rises from 100-m water depth to about 18 m below the sea surface. The average frictional drag coefficient over the entire bank was estimated as 0.006 using roughness lengths that ranged from 0.001 cm for relatively smooth portions of the bank to 1–10 cm for very rough portions over the corals. The measured form drag over the bank showed multiple time-scale variability. Diurnal tides and low-frequency motions with periods ranging from 4 to 17 days generated form drags of about 2000 N m−1 with average drag coefficients ranging between 0.03 and 0.22, which are a factor of 5–35 times larger than the average frictional drag coefficient. Both linear wave and quadratic drag laws have similarities with the observed form drag. The form drag is an important flow retardation mechanism even in the presence of the large frictional drag associated with coral reefs and requires parameterization.
Equations of Atmospheric Motion in Non-Eulerian Vertical Coordinates: Vector-Invariant Form and Quasi-Hamiltonian Formulation
Authors: Dubos Thomas , Tort Marine
Published: July 2014

The curl form of equations of inviscid atmospheric motion in general non-Eulerian coordinates is obtained. Narrowing down to a general vertical coordinate, a quasi-Hamiltonian form is then obtained in a Lagrangian, isentropic, mass-based or z-based vertical coordinate. In non-Lagrangian vertical coordinates, the conservation of energy by the vertical transport terms results from the invariance of energy under the vertical relabeling of fluid parcels. A complete or partial separation between the horizontal and vertical dynamics is achieved, except in the Eulerian case. The horizontal–vertical separation is especially helpful for (quasi-)hydrostatic systems characterized by vanishing vertical momentum. Indeed for such systems vertical momentum balance reduces to a simple statement: total energy is stationary with respect to adiabatic vertical displacements of fluid parcels. From this point of view the purpose of (quasi-)hydrostatic balance is to determine the vertical positions of fluid parcels, for which no evolution equation is readily available. This physically appealing formulation significantly extends previous work.

The general formalism is exemplified for the fully compressible Euler equations in a Lagrangian vertical coordinate and a Cartesian (x, z) slice geometry, and the deep-atmosphere quasi-hydrostatic equations in latitude–longitude horizontal coordinates. The latter case, in particular, illuminates how the apparent intricacy of the time-dependent metric terms and of the additional forces can be absorbed into a proper choice of prognostic variables. In both cases it is shown how the quasi-Hamiltonian form leads straightforwardly to the conservation of energy using only integration by parts.

Relationships with previous work and implications for stability analysis and the derivation of approximate sets of equations and energy-conserving numerical schemes are discussed.
Hispanic residential ethnic density and depression in post–acute coronary syndrome patients: Re-thinking the role of social support
Authors: Denton Ellen-ge D , Shaffer Jonathan A , Alcantara Carmela , Clemow Lynn , Brondolo Elizabeth
Published: July 2014

Background:

The ethnic density hypothesis suggests that ethnic density confers greater social support and consequently protects against depressive symptoms in ethnic minority individuals. However, the potential benefits of ethnic density have not been examined in individuals who are facing a specific and salient life stressor.

Aims:

We examined the degree to which the effects of Hispanic ethnic density on depressive symptoms are explained by socioeconomic resources and social support.

Methods:

Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS, N = 472) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and measures of demographics, ACS clinical factors and perceived social support. Neighborhood characteristics, including median income, number of single parent households and Hispanic ethnic density, were extracted from the American Community Survey Census (2005–2009) for each patient using his or her geocoded address.

Results:

In a linear regression analysis adjusted for demographic and clinical factors, Hispanic ethnic density was positively associated with depressive symptoms (β = .09, standard error (SE) = .04, p = .03). However, Hispanic density was no longer a significant predictor of depressive symptoms when neighborhood characteristics were controlled. The relationship of Hispanic density on depressive symptoms was moderated by nativity status. Among US-born patients with ACS, there was a significant positive relationship between Hispanic density and depressive symptoms and social support significantly mediated this effect. There was no observed effect of Hispanic density to depressive symptoms for foreign-born ACS patients.

Conclusion:

Although previous research suggests that ethnic density may be protective against depression, our data suggest that among patients with ACS, living in a community with a high concentration of Hispanic individuals is associated with constrained social and economic resources that are themselves associated with greater depressive symptoms. These data add to a growing body of literature on the effects of racial or ethnic segregation on health outcomes.
Characterization of the injection molding process of passive vibration isolators
Authors: Sommier Emmanuelle , Fotsing Edith-Roland , Ross Annie , Lavoie Martine
Published: July 2014

This article discusses the variability of the mechanical properties (static stiffness, dynamic stiffness, and loss factor) observed in engine mounts used to isolate vibration caused by the engine in recreation utility vehicles. To avoid passenger’s discomfort during engine operation, it is important that the isolation provided by each passive vibration isolator be constant. Transmitted forces should also be minimized to prevent excessive structural stresses in the vehicle. Quantifying how human and machine molding parameters affect the performance of the final product is fundamental. The isolators studied in this article are produced through manual cycles of an injection molding process. This work provides a better understanding of the discrepancies on mechanical properties occurring during the industrial process. Curing temperature ( T) and curing time ( D) were found to be the significant machine parameters. Response surface methodology shows a nonuniform distribution of the solutions across the whole experimental space. A linear model of the output variables appears to be sufficient to achieve an optimization since linear coefficients are prevalent over quadratic or interaction coefficients. A proposed empirical model enables the determination of a set of curing parameters corresponding to specific required properties. The model also shows that, for a polychloroprene rubber mix, the variability of the mechanical properties can be reduced by increasing the curing parameters ( T and D) used during current molding procedures. Finally, the numerical results helped getting a better understanding of how manufacturing parameters can influence the optimization process of elastomeric product properties. Improved production parameters and control standards can be established from this case study.
Evaluating the Effects of Matched and Unmatched Stimuli on Nail Biting in Typically Developing Children
Authors: Zawoyski Andrea M. , Bosch Amanda , Vollmer Timothy R. , Walker Stephen F.
Published: July 2014

We evaluated the effects of matched and unmatched stimuli on nail biting for three typically developing children and adolescents. Antecedent-based assessments identified conditions when subjects were most likely to engage in nail biting. Treatment included the noncontingent delivery of four types of highly preferred stimuli: items hypothesized to match the oral, the tactile, or both the oral and tactile stimulation inherent to nail biting, as well as items that did not involve oral or tactile stimulation. Results suggested that all forms of alternative stimulation decreased nail biting.
Visual Attention and Goal Pursuit
Authors: Büttner Oliver B. , Wieber Frank , Schulz Anna Maria , Bayer Ute C. , Florack Arnd , Gollwitzer Peter M.
Published: July 2014

Mindset theory suggests that a deliberative mindset entails openness to information in one’s environment, whereas an implemental mindset entails filtering of information. We hypothesized that this open- versus closed-mindedness influences individuals’ breadth of visual attention. In Studies 1 and 2, we induced an implemental or deliberative mindset, and measured breadth of attention using participants’ length estimates of x-winged Müller-Lyer figures. Both studies demonstrate a narrower breadth of attention in the implemental mindset than in the deliberative mindset. In Study 3, we manipulated participants’ mindsets and measured the breadth of attention by tracking eye movements during scene perception. Implemental mindset participants focused on foreground objects, whereas deliberative mindset participants attended more evenly to the entire scene. Our findings imply that deliberative versus implemental mindsets already operate at the level of visual attention.
Capital Flows and Credit Expansions in Turkey
Authors: Orhangazi Özgür
Published: July 2014

Literature on capital flows identifies various channels through which capital inflows could create financial fragility and economic instability in “developing and emerging economies.” Domestic credit expansion is one such channel. Capital inflows can lead to rapid expansion of domestic credit, even create credit bubbles, and thus result in an increased fragility of the economy. I analyze the link between private capital inflows and bank credit to the private sector in the case of Turkey between 2003 and 2013 and ask whether surges in private capital inflows accelerate growth of credit. I employ a logit model to investigate the link between capital inflows and periods of rapid credit expansion. The findings suggest that net private capital inflows, after controlling for other determinants of credit, are positively correlated with periods of rapid credit expansion.
Digital image correlation measurement of the bond–slip relationship between fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and concrete substrate
Authors: Zhu Hong , Wu Gang , Shi Jiawei , Liu Cong , He Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2014

Due to the difficulties and the limitations of traditional measurements, it is extremely challenging to obtain an accurate bond–slip relationship for a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets to concrete interface. This paper presents experimental studies aimed at accurately measuring the bond–slip relationship of the FRP sheets to concrete interface using a digital image correlation (DIC) measurement. Double-lap shear specimens were tested with different layers and sequences of carbon or basalt FRP sheets attached to the concrete substrate. The fitting procedures for determining the bond–slip relationship from the DIC results were proposed and validated. The test results show that more comprehensive information during the debonding process can be recorded through the DIC measurement. Error reductions and more accurate bond–slip relationships can be achieved by using the fitting procedures. In addition, the type of FRP sheets and their sequence attached to the concrete surface have a significant influence on the bond behavior between FRP sheets and concrete substrate.
Influence of fibre shrinkage and stretching on the mechanical properties of self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite
Authors: Jerpdal Lars , Åkermo Malin
Published: July 2014

Self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite laminates were manufactured from fabric using a hot press. Fabric was either allowed to shrink or exposed to stretching during different phases of the manufacturing process. Composite macrostructure, crimp, was investigated and results showed that shrinkage affects fibre crimp more than stretching does. Mechanical tests showed that shrinkage do not significantly affect mechanical properties while stretching fabric by 10% during heating results in 50% increase in tensile stiffness. The lack of correlation between crimp and mechanical properties indicates that mechanical properties for self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites are dominated by their microstructure, molecular orientation, which may be affected by the manufacturing process.
Inverse kinematics and workspace analysis of the metamorphic hand
Authors: Gao Zhiguang , Wei Guowu , Dai Jian S
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates for the first time inverse kinematics of a four-fingered metamorphic hand. Compared with the current existing robotic hands, the most significant feature of the metamorphic hand is the introduction of a foldable and reconfigurable palm and its function of metamorphism, which greatly improves the ability of posture adjustment and inter-coordination between fingers. Geometric constraints of the palm are analyzed by using geometric method and constraint equation method, on the basis of which, kinematics of the metamorphic hand are transformed from a hybrid mechanism into serial mechanisms and forward kinematics can be obtained directly. To avoid the complexity of inverse kinematics of the thumb, a method taking advantage of geometric constraints of the palm is introduced to simplify the inverse kinematics of the metamorphic hand and analytical solutions are obtained in a concise form. The workspace of the metamorphic hand is decomposed into palm workspace and finger workspace. A triangle determined by the mounting points is introduced to measure the palm workspace and the simulation of the finger workspace augmented by the palm reveals that the reconfigurable palm contributes tremendously to the flexibility and versatility of the metamorphic hand.
Adaptive passivity-based control of a flexible-joint robot manipulator subject to collision
Authors: Mahmoodi Masih , Manesh Mohammad Kojouri , Eghtesad Mohammad , Farid Mehrdad , Movahed Saeid
Published: July 2014

In this paper, passivity-based methods are used to perform tracking control of flexible robot manipulators subject to impact collision. The model taken for colliding system is an n-degree of freedom body moving in the manipulator’s workspace. Impulsive forces generated in the course of impact cause sudden changes in velocity/acceleration of the links of robot and the colliding system. On the other hand, under-actuated systems subject to impact are likely to have instabilities, or poor transient responses, due to excitation of some un-actuated states. The proposed adaptive passivity-based controller not only improves the post-impact transient response of the under-actuated system (e.g. flexible-joint robot), but also needs no force sensor to measure impulse force during the impact phase of robot motion. The main advantage of the proposed controller relative to model-based inverse-dynamic algorithms is its highly robust characteristics in dampening effects of oscillation right after impact collision for an under-actuated system. This can be done through the introduction of an energy-storage function which incorporates the effects of both actuated and un-actuated states of the system.
On stability optimization of the deployable bistable compliant structures mounted in the morphing skin: Method and implementation
Authors: Wu Jianing , Yan Shaoze , Gu Yongxia
Published: July 2014

Morphing skin is the surface of the deployable frame which could reconfigure its shape to present optimal performance in all stages of a task for the re-entry aerospace vehicle. After many years of research effort, design concept and manufacturing methodologies of morphing skin have been developed, especially in the adoption of bistable compliant mechanism (BCM). In order to make morphing skins more stable to accommodate to the air flow and change its profile more accurately, one method on the design and optimization of stability characteristics for deployable BCMs of morphing skin is proposed in this paper. The optimization is developed by the aeroelastic formulation of the deployable BCM mounted on the morphing skin. The optimization problem is considered as a multi-objective-constraint issue and the parametric equations to get the optimal parameters are solved by the immune genetic algorithm. Besides, a case study is proposed to provide evidence that the method can come to the optimal stiffness of BCM, with which the effectiveness about the new method of design and optimization can be testified.
An integrated passive magnetic damping system for high-speed compressor with flexible rotor
Authors: Le Yun , Fang Jiancheng , Sun Jinji
Published: July 2014

To provide a more reliable rotor damping system for high-speed compressor with flexible rotor, a passive magnetic damping integrated with an active axial bearing (PMDAB) system is proposed. The PMDAB system can provide active force in axial direction and also can provide damping force without control system in radial direction. To enhance the damping ability of the system, an analytical model is set up especially for the high-speed vibration rotor, and the relation between resistance of radial coils and the provided damping force is discussed for the first time. The coupling characteristic between passive radial damping coefficient and active axial bearing stiffness is also analyzed; the result shows that the coupling is too small, therefore can be neglected. Finally, a design example for a high-speed compressor is given based on electromagnetic analysis of PMDAB and dynamic analysis of the flexible rotor. The analytical and design results, which are verified by the finite element method result, show that the PMDAB is effective in controlling the first bending vibration of flexible rotor.
Study of the dynamic behaviour of a human driver coupled with a vehicle
Authors: Reddy Panta Srihari , Ramakrishna Avasarala , Ramji Koona
Published: July 2014

In this paper a 15-degree-of-freedom human–seat vibratory model is developed using anthropomorphic modelling and the model is coupled with a typical seven-degree-of-freedom small passenger car to study the dynamic response of a human driver due to vehicle vibrations. The coupled model is analysed by MATLAB simulation for the ride dynamic behaviour of the human driver under a harmonic input excitation in the frequency range 0–40 Hz. The ride behaviours in terms of the vertical accelerations of different segments of the human driver are compared with respect to the ride comfort using the ISO 2631-1:1997 standard. Further, parametric analysis is carried out to improve the ride comfort of the human driver.
Embodied Effects of Conceptual Knowledge Continuously Perturb the Hand in Flight
Authors: Till Bernie C. , Masson Michael E. J. , Bub Daniel N. , Driessen Peter F.
Published: July 2014

Attending to a manipulable object evokes a mental representation of hand actions associated with the object’s form and function. In one view, these representations are sufficiently abstract that their competing influence on an unrelated action is confined to the planning stages of movement and does not affect its on-line control. Alternatively, an object may evoke action representations that affect the entire trajectory of an unrelated grasping action. We developed a new methodology to statistically analyze the forward motion and rotation of the hand and fingers under different task conditions. Using this novel approach, we established that a grasping action executed after seeing a photograph of an object is systematically perturbed even into the late stages of its trajectory by the competing influence of the grasping posture associated with the object. Our results show that embodied effects of conceptual knowledge continuously modulate the hand in flight.
Energy Drink–Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Greene Elisa , Oman Kristy , Lefler Mary
Published: July 2014

Objective: To report a case of acute renal failure possibly induced by Red Bull. Case Summary: A 40-year-old man presented with various complaints, including a recent hypoglycemic episode. Assessment revealed that serum creatinine was elevated at 5.5 mg/dL, from a baseline of 0.9 mg/dL. An interview revealed a 2- to 3-week history of daily ingestion of 100 to 120 oz of Red Bull energy drink. Resolution of renal dysfunction occurred within 2 days of discontinuation of Red Bull and persisted through 10 months of follow-up. Rechallenge was not attempted. Discussion: Energy-drink-induced renal failure has been reported infrequently. We identified 2 case reports via a search of MEDLINE, one of which occurred in combination with alcohol and the other of which was not available in English. According to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Adverse Event Reporting System, between 2004 and 2012, the FDA has received 166 reports of adverse events associated with energy drink consumption. Only 3 of the 166 (0.18%) described renal failure, and none were reported with Red Bull specifically. A defined mechanism for injury is unknown. Assessment of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicates a probable relationship between the development of acute renal failure and Red Bull ingestion in our patient. Conclusions: Acute kidney injury has rarely been reported with energy drink consumption. Our report describes the first English language report of acute renal failure occurring in the context of ingestion of large quantities of energy drink without concomitant alcohol.
Low Wound Complication Rates for the Lateral Extensile Approach for Calcaneal ORIF When the Lateral Calcaneal Artery Is Patent
Authors: Bibbo Christopher , Ehrlich David A. , Nguyen Hoang M.L. , Levin L. Scott , Kovach Stephen J.
Published: July 2014

Background:

Historically, the lateral extensile approach for calcaneal fracture osteosynthesis has had relatively high rates of wound healing problems. The vascular territory (angiosome) of the lateral foot is now known to be dependent upon the lateral calcaneal branch of the peroneal artery (LCBP artery). We postulated that patency of the LCBP artery may have a profound positive impact on incisional wound healing for calcaneal open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods:

Ninety consecutive calcaneal fractures that met operative criteria were preoperatively evaluated for the presence of a Doppler signal in the LCBP artery and were followed for the development of wound healing problems.

Results:

Among these 90 fractures, 85 had a positive preoperative Doppler signal along the course of the LCBP artery (94%) and 5 had no Doppler signal (6%). All patients underwent ORIF via a lateral extensile approach. Overall, incisional wound healing problems occurred in 6 of 90 calcaneal incisions (6.5%). All 5 feet that exhibited an absent Doppler signal in the LCPB artery developed an incisional wound healing complication (5/6, approximately 83%): 2 large apical wounds and 3 major dehiscence/slough. However, among the 84 feet that possessed a positive preoperative Doppler signal in the LCBP artery, there was only 1 (1/84, approximately 1%) incisional wound healing problem ( P < .0001, Fischer’s exact test). Smokers with a positive Doppler signal in the LCBP artery did not develop a wound healing complication.

Conclusions:

This study suggests a strong link to low incisional wound healing complications for the lateral extensile approach to the calcaneus when a preoperative Doppler signal is present in the LCBP artery. We believe this simple examination should be routinely performed prior to calcaneal ORIF.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative case series.
Second-Generation Ceramic First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Replacement for Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Nagy Mathias Thomas , Walker Christopher Richard , Sirikonda Siva Prasad
Published: July 2014

Background:

Ceramic first metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint replacement has been reported for treatment of hallux rigidus, but there are no published mid- or long-term studies available. We present our midterm results using a second-generation ceramic first MP joint implant.

Methods:

A retrospective review of clinical data and radiographs was performed for 31 feet (24 women; mean age at surgery, 55 ± 6 years) who had first MP joint replacement with a second-generation ceramic prosthesis (primary, 29 feet; revision, 2 feet). Mean follow-up was 81 ± 27 months after surgery

Results:

Mean first MP passive range of motion was 32 ± 17 degrees (dorsi- and plantarflexion). Mean AOFAS score was 72 ± 19 points and Foot Function Index was 27 ± 26 points (all 31 feet). Clinical rating for 29 feet that had surgery as a primary procedure was excellent in 5 feet (17%), good in 8 feet (28%), fair in 3 feet (10%), and poor in 13 feet (45%). Patients were satisfied with the outcome in 24 feet (77%). Follow-up radiographs showed that radiolucency, change in angulation, sinkage, and malalignment of the metatarsal or proximal phalanx components were common. Complications included 1 superficial wound infection, and revision was performed in 5 feet (16%) because of loosening, sinkage, subluxation, pain, or fractured prosthesis. Implant survival was 92% at 5 years, 85% at 7 years, and 68% at 9 years.

Conclusion:

The results of second-generation ceramic first MP joint replacement in our series demonstrated poor clinical and radiological results with a high revision rate.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.