bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lob der Zweiheit
Authors: Marten Rainer
Published: April 2022

Von Heraklit und Parmenides, Platon und Aristoteles bis zu Kant und dem Deutschen Idealismus und darüber hinaus bis heute hat die Philosophie sich als filosofia a solo, nicht aber als filosofia in compagnia verstanden. Der Einzelne steht vor ihr, zu dem kein Zweiter und Dritter tritt. Der auf ihn gerichtete Blick ist ein denkender und zugunsten des Denkens wertender. Weil die Philosophie es am liebsten mit der reinen Geistigkeit hält, gilt ihr Vernunft als selbstgenügsam: Sie hat hinreichend mit sich selbst zu tun. Sieht Philosophie in der Denkkraft den ganzen, weil, wie sie emphatisch sagt, den wahren und wesentlichen Menschen und somit sich selbst als das Humanum, dann ist der Weg beschritten, das Denken mit dem Zudenkenden einswerden zu lassen. Daraus erwachsen vielfältige Spekulationen des innigsten geistigen Einsseins, sei es in der Einheit von Sein und Nichtsein oder von Gott und Mensch. Rainer Marten wendet sich in diesem Buch gegen den Vorrang des Einen und unternimmt es, die Zweiheit philosophisch auszuzeichnen: die Zweiheit von Tag und Nacht, die Zweiheit von Leben und Tod, die Zweiheit von Ungerechtigkeit und Gerechtigkeit sowie die Zweiheit von Mann und Frau.
Moralische Erneuerung
Authors: Böge Manfred
Published: April 2022

John Stuart Mill hat nicht nur grundlegende Arbeiten zum Liberalismus, zur utilitaristischen Ethik und Politischen Ökonomie verfasst, in seinen Werken finden sich auch zahlreiche Gedanken zur Erziehung und Bildung. Gleichwohl sind diese bisher kaum erziehungswissenschaftlich gewürdigt worden. Vor dem Hintergrund von Mills tugendethisch orientierter Kritik am zivilisatorischen Fortschritt fragt die Studie nach der systematischen Bedeutung von Erziehung und Bildung im Rahmen seiner sozialen Philosophie. Hierzu wird nicht nur Mills außergewöhnliche Erziehung diskutiert, auch seine erkenntnistheoretischen Schriften und bildungspolitischen Ansichten sowie seine Denkweisen zum Utilitarismus und zur Freiheit kommen zur Sprache.
Vernunft und Urteilskraft
Authors: Enskat Rainer
Published: April 2022

Kants Praktische Philosophie identifiziert die kognitiven Voraussetzungen vernünftiger Praxis im Wesentlichen mit der von ihm zur Sprache gebrachten Vernunft und mit der seit Aristoteles zur Sprache gebrachten Urteilskraft. Im Gegensatz zu den in unserer Zeit inflationär gewordenen öffentlichen Thematisierungen und Beschwörungen einer Instanz namens Vernunft ist die Tätigkeit der praktischen Vernunft im Licht von Kants Praktischer Philosophie an eine vollständig durchschaubare Folge methodischer Schritte gebunden. Mit ihrer Hilfe können alle subjektiv-individuellen Handlungsvorsätze und Handlungsweisen von Menschen auf ihre moralische, ihre rechtliche und sogar ihre politische Richtigkeit geprüft werden. So autonom Kant diese Vernunft im Entwurf dieser methodischen Schrittfolge auch sieht, so wenig blind ist er für das andere, spezifisch anthropologische kognitive Desiderat, dass die Prüfungen durch die Vernunft die »durch Erfahrung geschärfte Urteilskraft erfordern«. Die Vernünftigkeit der Praxis, die in den hier versammelten acht Abhandlungen erörtert wird, soll durch die Analyse des Zusammenspiels dieser beiden kognitiven Instanzen deutlich gemacht werden.

Inhalt:

1. Universalität, Spontaneität und Solidarität. Formale und prozedurale Grundzüge der Sittlichkeit * 2. Autonomie und Humanität. Wie kategorische Imperative die Urteilskraft orientieren * 3. Zum rechtlichen Schutz moralischer Notwehr. Angewandte Ethik oder tätige Urteilskraft? * 4. Religion trotz Aufklärung? Retraktationen einer ungelösten philosophischen Aufgabe Platons für Kant * 5. Ist die Moral strukturell rational? Die kantische Antwort * 6. The Cognitive Dimension of Freedom as Autonomy * 7. Spontaneität oder Zirkularität des Selbstbewusstseins? Kant und die kognitiven Voraussetzungen der praktischen Subjektivität * 8. Moralität und Nützlichkeit
„Kulturelle Ökosystemdienstleistungen“
Authors: Kirchhoff Thomas
Published: April 2022

Natur hat für Menschen nicht nur extrinsische, instrumentelle Werte, sondern auch vielfältige intrinsische, nicht-instrumentelle Werte. Der immer einflussreicher werdende Ökosystemdienstleistungsansatz versucht, diese intrinsischen ästhetischen, symbolischen und moralischen Werte von Natur als »kulturelle Ökosystemdienstleistungen« zu erfassen. Dieses Konzept beinhaltet jedoch – das zeigt die vorliegende Analyse – grundlegende begriffliche und ontologische Fehler, die methodische Unzulänglichkeiten bei der Erfassung dieser Werte implizieren und auch kommunikative Probleme mit sich bringen. Das Konzept der kulturellen Ökosystemdienstleistungen stellt einen »scientific imperialism« dar, der – entgegen der Intention, mit der dieses Konzept eingeführt worden ist – einen angemessenen gesellschaftlichen Verständigungsprozess über die Erhaltung von Naturphänomenen, die wir ästhetisch, symbolisch und moralisch wertschätzen, untergräbt.
Einführung in die Moralphilosophie
Authors: Horn Christoph
Published: April 2022

Das Buch bietet einen knappen und konzisen Überblick über die philosophischen Positionen und Argumente im Feld der Ethik. Was sollen wir unter Moral verstehen? Unter welchen normativen Vorgaben steht menschliches Handeln? Wozu sind wir in krisenhaften Situationen verpflichtet? Worin besteht das Glück? Welche Lebensform erweist sich als wünschenswert? Neben die Präsentation der wichtigsten Modelle im Feld der Moralphilosophie werden immer gleich die zentralen Kritikpunkte gestellt. Damit erhält die Darstellung einen offenen Charakter, der eine eigene Urteilsbildung ermöglicht. Zur Diskussion normativer Standpunkte kommt jeweils ein Blick auf die Metaethik und die Angewandte Ethik. Ein besonderer Akzent dieser Einführung in die Moralphilosophie besteht darin, dass neben der aktuellen Diskussion auch die wichtigsten historischen Positionen behandelt werden.
Denk-Erfahrung
Authors: Gutland Christopher
Published: April 2022

Gibt es eine Erfahrung des Denkens und der Gedanken? Wenn ja, wie ist sie aufzufinden und wie zu beschreiben? Eine Antwort wird ausgehend von Husserls Phänomenologie gegeben, wobei die Cognitive Phenomenology-Debatte und auch Hegels Ansatz zum Denken wichtige Ergänzungen erlauben. Nach einer Analyse des gedanklichen Anteils im Empfinden und im natürlichen Welterleben wird das Verhältnis von Denken, Sprechen und Urteilen erarbeitet. Indem dabei ein phänomenologisches Vorurteil entlarvt wird, kann schließlich der Bereich des reinen Denkens betreten und seine Erfahrung beschrieben werden.
Paradigmen des Entwicklungsdenkens
Authors: Kaletha Holger
Published: April 2022

Seit der Antike ist der Begriff der Entwicklung in verschiedenen philosophischen Traditionen verwendet, aber selten philosophisch eingehend analysiert worden. Kaletha zeigt, dass es neben dem vorherrschenden konstitutiven Entwicklungsdenken, das auf Aristoteles und den Neuplatonismus zurückgeht, auch ein zweites, nahezu vergessenes atomistisches Entwicklungsdenken gibt. Dieses wird in dieser Arbeit systematisch rekonstruiert (u.a. von Kant bis Herbart) und hinsichtlich der Konsequenzen für das Verständnis von Bewegung, Dynamik, Organisation, Orientierung und Subjektivität phänomenologisch reflektiert.
Das dialektische Verhältnis des Menschen zur Natur
Authors: Schmied-Kowarzik Wolfdietrich
Published: April 2022

Karl Marx ist einer der ersten Denker, der die Gefahren der gegenwärtigen Produktionsweise für die natürliche Lebenswelt der Menschen erkannt und bedacht hat. Dies wahrzunehmen hinderte der allgemeine Zeitgeist, demzufolge die Erkundung der Natur allein den mathematischen Naturwissenschaften überlassen werden kann und ein eigenes philosophisches Bedenken der Natur für überflüssig erachtet wird.

Dem entgegen versuchte bereits die Erstauflage des Buches (1984), die doppelte Naturdialektik bei Marx aus dem philosophischen Diskussionshorizont von Kant, Schelling und Hegel aufzuklären. Doch stieß damals, mitten im System-Wettkampf des westlichen Kapitalismus und des real-existierenden Staatssozialismus, eine solche Horizonterweiterung noch kaum auf Interesse. Inzwischen hat sich die Diskussion grundlegend gewandelt, die ökologische Krise hat sich in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten dramatisch verschärft, die globalen Folgen der menschlichen Eingriffe in die Biosphäre sind nicht mehr zu leugnen. Immer mehr wird deutlich, dass die Versuche zu kurz greifen, der ökologischen Krise allein mit ökonomischen Anreizen, politisch-rechtlichen Gesetzen und wissenschaftlich-technischen Reparaturmaßnahmen entgegenzuwirken.

Insofern scheint jetzt der Zeitpunkt gekommen, das Buch 'Das dialektische Verhältnis des Menschen zur Natur' – erweitert um die Diskussion im westlichen Marxismus: Adler, Wittfogel, Bloch, Marcuse, Sohn-Rethel, Lefebvre – erneut in die Debatte einzubringen. Denn nur eine philosophische Klärung des doppelten Verhältnisses von Mensch und Natur kann uns einen Weg zur Emanzipation aus der gegenwärtig gefährdeten Dialektik weisen.
Thomas Manns philosophische Dichtung
Authors: Mehring Reinhard
Published: April 2022

Thomas Mann scheint Goethe heute als Nationalschriftsteller abzulösen, repräsentiert sein Werk doch den Krisenweg des 20. Jahrhunderts und die liberaldemokratische Antwort. Er wollte sein Publikum nicht nur unterhalten, sondern auch „erziehen“. Dabei steht er in der platonischen Tradition des „Künstlerphilosophen“, die er von Nietzsche her ergriff: Mann erkundete paradigmatische Gestalten gelingenden Lebens für die gegebenen Verhältnisse und zielte letztlich wie Platon auf die Koinzidenz des Guten und des Gerechten.

Die vorliegende Sammlung skizziert dies, frühere Analysen weiterführend, für 'Fiorenza' und das Romanwerk, rekonstruiert die systematische Substanz der 'Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen', erörtert die philosophischen Rezeptionen Thomas Manns durch Ernst Cassirer, Siegfried Marck und Hans Blumenberg und zeigt dann insbesondere am Spätwerk, wie konsequent Mann seine künstlerphilosophische Problemfrage auch über den 'Doktor Faustus' und 'Felix Krull' hinaus bedachte. Mann explorierte mit seinem Werk die Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten eines subjektiv glückenden und politisch verantwortlichen Lebens in Deutschland. Was er für die Gegenwart eher skeptisch sah, bejahte er dabei mit 'Joseph und seine Brüder' als Humanitätsvision.
Fremdheitsfähig werden
Authors: Schellhammer Barbara
Published: April 2022

Ausgangspunkt des Buchs ist die Einsicht, dass die Fremdheitsfähigkeit einer Person und die damit einhergehende Verunsicherung nicht durch den Erwerb von Methoden oder Kompetenzen bzw. durch die typologische Einordnung von Kulturen erworben werden kann. Vielmehr gilt es, so die Kernthese des Buchs, sich angesichts verstörender Fremdheitserfahrungen mit sich selbst zu befassen. Ausgehend von der phänomenologischen Beschreibung der konkreten Situation einer misslungenen Fremdheitserfahrung untersucht Barbara Schellhammer Motive der Selbstsorge in der Begegnung mit Fremdem. Dabei spielen u.a. zwischenleibliche Körpererfahrungen und die Kultur als Praxis sinnstiftender Verortung eine besondere Rolle.
Organismus als Prozess
Authors: Koutroufinis Spyridon A.
Published: April 2022

Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist die Relevanz und Notwendigkeit eines prozesstheoretischen Verständnisses des onto- und embryogenetischen Werdens von Organismen. Zuerst werden die Grenzen der modernen systemtheoretischen Reduktion des Organismus auf selbstorganisierte physikochemische Systeme aufgezeigt. Im zweiten Schritt werden, ausgehend von den Prozessontologien von A. N. Whitehead und H. Bergson, alternative Betrachtungen von Onto- und Embryogenese eingeführt. Abschließend wird eine neue Prozessphilosophie skizziert, in welche Ontologien beider Denker integriert werden.
Coconut Shell Charcoal Adsorption to Remove Methyl Orange in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Cristina Páez-Pumar Romer Isabel , Victoria Plazola Santana Isabella , María Rodríguez Bengoechea Rosa , Manuel Pérez Hernández Miguel
Published: April 2022

Activated charcoal was prepared and characterized from residues of coconut peel (CACC) to remove by adsorption the Methyl Orange (AM) dye in aqueous solution. The charcoal was activated with phosphoric acid. The morphology and structure of the pores of the carbon obtained were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and a surface analyzer. The adsorption data were evaluated by the BET, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, finding the Langmuir type I model. The surface area of the activated carbon was 526 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.234 cm3/g and an average pore diameter of 1.78 nm, according to BET, which indicates the presence of micropores. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of the AM dye in CACC is a spontaneous process at room temperature and that physisorption and chemisorption are probably involved. The adsorption tests were followed by UV–visible spectrophotometry. The effects of the adsorbate concentration (AM) and the heat treatment (450–500°C) with an air atmosphere were investigated, keeping constant the stirring time and the H3PO4/sample weight ratio. The results obtained indicate that the activated carbon obtained could be used as an alternative low-cost adsorbent in the removal of AM from effluents in aqueous solution.
An Innovative Maintenance Scheduling Framework for Preventive, Predictive Maintenance Using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Kaul Abhishek
Published: April 2022

The fourth industrial revelation has brought exponential technologies in the area of digitization, internet of things (IOT), artificial intelligence (AI), and optimization which has helped mining companies to increase the availability and utilization of equipment’s. As mining companies implement predictive maintenance technologies, to improve overall equipment availability, there is more value to be unearthed if predictive maintenance is optimized with the production schedules. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic that is inspired from the behavior of real ants to solve combinatorial optimization problems. This chapter describes an innovative maintenance scheduling framework in the context of optimizing schedules for preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance, with multiple constraints for optimized dynamic schedule to reduce the maintenance time, and production losses.
The Cerebral Plasticity Prospect of Stingless Bee Honey-Polyphenols Supplementation in Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Hashim Sabarisah , Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir Che , Haniff Abu Zarim Mohd , Akmar Kamaruzaman Khaidatul , Abdul Halim Sanihah , Mohamed Mahaneem , Mustapha Muzaimi
Published: April 2022

The neuroprotective potential of stingless bee honey (SBH) is still to be documented from numerous studies including that of its effect on cerebrovascular event. This review should guide stroke rehabilitation specialties to a high understanding of the overall circuit changes post-stroke, the clinical relevance of this change in stroke to cognitive impairment and dementia, and SBH as a supplementation in modern stroke rehabilitation in progresses. However, the potential of SBH as a supplementation therapy and highlights treatment to induced plasticity for post-stroke vascular cognitive impairment (PSVCI) remains largely unexplored. This Chapter attempts to deliberate on recent evidence that highlight the therapeutic properties of honey and SBH, the features of PSVCI, and proposing the plausible mechanism of action for SBH as a supplementation during stroke rehabilitation that could halt the progression of PSVCI. It is hoped that such an approach could complement the existing evidence-based stroke care, and which will help in the development of future direction of brain plasticity to delay the progression of cognitive impairment post-stroke.
Toward Self-Reliant Wind Farms
Authors: Jain Anubhav
Published: April 2022

Large-scale integration of renewable energy generators, inverter-based resources and network interconnections into the grid brings forth a massive penetration of power electronic converters. This results in a highly dynamic environment that poses a risk to stability of system voltage and frequency and can ultimately trigger wide-area blackouts. Since conventional synchronous generation is being phased out, alternate sources must be included to provide support through ancillary services in future power networks. In a completely decarbonized system, they must also take the lead in ensuring stability and security by participating in blackout defense and network restoration. Offshore wind power plants are deemed suitable candidates due to their capability of providing large amounts of power with fast startup times and advanced control functionalities. However, a change in control philosophy to grid forming is required to enable a more active participation from the next-generation wind turbines. Such changes also have the potential to minimize dependence on auxiliary diesel gensets for a greener carbon footprint. This chapter aims to give insight into the forthcoming challenges and highlight potential solutions to make wind farms more self-reliant resulting in wind energy as cornerstone of the future electricity supply.
Genetics of Colorectal Cancer Racial Disparities
Authors: Williams Jennie , Paredes Jenny , Thaker Shrey
Published: April 2022

This chapter describes genetics and epigenetics discoveries that have allowed investigators to better define cancer at the molecular level. Taking into consideration the expanse of the field of cancer, the focus will be on colon cancer as a platform to provide examples of techniques, recent discoveries, and translation of genetic studies to cancer care. In addition, this segment contributes to our understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in colon cancer and the use of -omic assessments as an application in cancer research. Thus, this section will provide an overarching view of cancer by defining the molecular characteristics of colon cancer; parameters of cancer disparities; and genetic factors that contribute to colon-tumor biology, specifically recent findings at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Importantly, the correlation of these factors with the immune system will be defined. This section ends with future directions for studying colon cancer in patients from medically underserved communities. In summary, this unit provides an introduction to how genetic and genomic investigations are helping to elucidate biological questions in an inclusive manner that will benefit patients on a global scale.
Can Genus Trichoderma Manage Plant Diseases under Organic Agriculture?
Authors: Chand Kumhar Kishor , Pal Singh Dalvinder , Kumar Anil
Published: April 2022

Organic agriculture has been coming up as one of the promising segments of crop production systems in India. There are numerous reasons for it, however; human health, sustainable environment, soil health, etc. are the important ones. As per the latest information, India has about 1.5% of total cultivable land under organic agriculture. The occurrence of plant diseases in this crop production system is one of the limiting factors. For the management of plant diseases in organically grown crops, there are limited resources since there is a restriction on the use of synthetic fungicides. Under such a situation, bio-pesticides have the potency to take care of plant diseases. Although there are certain fungal and bacterial candidates well efficient in controlling diseases, genus Trichoderma has occupied a prestigious position among them. It is capable of managing seed and soil-borne plant diseases. Presently it is available in wettable powder (WP) and liquid formulations in variable concentrations for the application.
Heavy Metal’s Environmental Impact
Authors: N. Khalef Riyam , I. Hassan Amal , M. Saleh Hosam
Published: April 2022

Heavy metals are inorganic elements with something like a density of more than 5 g/cm3. Essential and non-essential heavy metals were divided into two groups based on their toxicity. Heavy metals, unlike organic pollutants, are non-biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living things. Many heavy metal ions are hazardous or carcinogenic. The majority of heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, and zinc, are linked to pollution and hazardous concerns. There are more than 50 elements categorized as heavy metals, with 17 of them being extremely hazardous and easily accessible. Metal pollutants are often non-degradable and have no recognized homeostasis mechanism. Their mere presence in aquatic habitats is enough to have a direct or indirect impact on living systems. The anthropogenic pollution of heavy metals in ancient mining regions refers to areas where the concentration of one or more heavy metals exceeds normal values. Heavy metals disrupt cellular organelles and components in biological systems. Nanoscale zero-valent iron is a promising alternative for heavy metal cleanup. Heavy metal ions are poisonous, non-degradable, and tend to bioaccumulate and biomagnify. The purpose of this chapter is to display some heavy metals and the environmental impact of these minerals, which includes soil, plants, and humans.
Contemporary Practices and Identities of Local Shamans in the Tsugaru Area in Japan
Authors: Murakami Aki ,   Academic Publishing
Published: April 2022

This study illustrates how local shamans in the Tsugaru area in Japan adapt to contemporary society by focusing on their practices and self-identity formation process. There are two types of shamans in this area: itako and kamisama. The number of itako is decreasing drastically and kamisama are taking over the role. In this context, it is important to examine how and to what extent local contexts affect kamisama’s practices and their identity. Conversely, it is also important to understand the extent to which they are affected by phenomena outside of the local community, such as mass media and tourism. By examining two kamisama’s lives as cases, this study reveals that a shaman’s self-identity is neither just a result of a divine calling, nor a reflection of local shamanic traditions, but a dynamic, ever-changing reaction to the social surroundings.
Communication with the Dead in Postwar Japan
Authors: Omichi Haruka ,   Academic Publishing
Published: April 2022

The traditional Japanese shaman called itako is a kind of kuchiyose-mikos performing kuchiyose ritual to summon a spirit of the deceased and communicate with them. As a result of the decline in the number of once the common kuchiyose-mikos, the itako, who remains in Aomori, north Iwate and north Akita prefectures, happened to attract the attention of mass media. Itako began to appear in Japanese mass media in the 1950s, and by the 1960s they were already well known throughout Japan. This article will examine how mass media has changed the local folk culture, focusing on the kuchiyose practice on the sacred place Osorezan. Osorezan, located in Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori, is not only the sacred place for Buddhism but also for the folk beliefs that the spirits of the dead are gathered; therefore, various kinds of religious activities, including the kuchiyose, have taken place here. With the movement of rediscovering Japan and the boom of interesting in unexplored places in the 1950s, the mass media repeatedly picked up kuchiyose on Osorezan, and created a strong image of itako that has an inextricable connection with Osorezan. Although their relationship was actually transient, many people sharing the fictional image created by mass media visited here from around the country to observe or experience kuchiyose since the 1950s. The increase in the number of visitors from outside the region due to the new image altered the religious environment on the sacred place, and caused three changes in the kuchiyose practice, at the same time. Those three changes seem to function to avert a risk of miscommunication between itako and new clients under the phenomenon of delocalization. They can be evaluated as efforts to maintain the religious function to communicate with the dead even under new circumstances.
Los Diálogos de Agustín. Guía de lectura, por Nello Cipriani
Authors: Pacioni Virgilio , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article makes a critic summary of Nello Cipriani’s book I Dialoghi di Agostino. Guida alla lettura, Roma 2012, presenting a new way of reading St. Augustine’s Casciacum Dialogues, underlining the methodological mistakes done in the works’ approach by many scholars, and also highlighting Augustine’s sources in the Dialogues, to demonstrate that Augustine converted to Christianity and not to Platonism.
La función exegética de los nombres del Antiguo Testamento en el comentario de san Agustín a los salmos
Authors: Eguiarte Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the exegetical role that the Old Testament names of places and persons have in Augustine’s exegesis of the Psalms within his commentary Enarrationes in Psalmos. It presents the vocabulary used by Saint Augustine within the Enarrationes in Psalmos to talk about the different meanings that Scripture has (literal, spiritual, allegorical). It suggests that for Saint Augustine everything within the Scriptures has a meaning, and so also all the names of persons and places that are in the texts of the Psalms - or within their titles - have a meaning for the believer. It also makes a brief presentation of Augustine’s sources for this exegetical work, underlining the influence of Jerome’s work Liber Interpretationis Hebraicorum Nominum. Finally it presents briefly the main theological ideas that Saint Augustine derives in his Enarrationes in Psalmos from his exegetical work with the names of persons and places, having as a leitmotiv the idea of the peregrinatio. The believer is a pilgrim that goes from the Earthly Babylon (which is interpreted by Augustine as confusion) to the heavenly Jerusalem, name that is interpreted as uisio pacis.
El ‘relato milanés’ en las Confesiones de Agustín
Authors: Fuhrer Therese , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This paper moves into the mental world of late antique Milan at the end of the 4th century AD, the centre of interest is the figure of Augustine and hence the years 384 to 387. This was also the period (385-386) of the dispute between Ambrose and the homoean imperial court over the Basilica Portiana and Basilica Nova, which ended in victory for Ambrose. In the Confessions, Augustine refers only once to the crisis of 385/6 in his depiction of his Milan period, and he does this only after giving an account of his baptismal ceremony in spring 387 (9, 14f). In the narrative sequences which inelude the period 385/6, Augustine does not mention the conflict over the churches at all, even though his own mother was involved in it. This silence has been ascribed to Augustine’s lack of interest in ecclesiastical power politics at the time; the Church is said to have been of interest to him at that time only as a spiritual space, not as a social or material one. But at latest when he was writing the Confessions, as bishop of Hippo and representative of the ‘catholic’ Church, the striking importance of those events should have been o become clear to him. The question arises of why he gives them so little space in his account.
‘Curiositas ductrix’: relación de san Agustín positiva y negativa con la curiosidad
Authors: Horka Robert , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The following study will elucídate the role of curiosity in the thinking of Augustine. At first, he sees it as a problem, as this element has misled the first human beings to sin. The serpent in paradise has misused the woman’s curiosity, resulting in her blindness towards God's commandment. Hence, curiosity arouse desire and desire gave birth to sin. On the other hand, Augustine thought, curiosity can be a help for human beings, as it attracts catechumens towards baptism. Augustine, here, refers to the disciplina arcani and repeatedly hints at the curiosity of catechumens in his homilies. Especially their ignorance makes them curious to undergo baptism. This interplay is real masterpiece of Augustine: the very same curiosity that leads humans to sin also makes them search and find salvation.
La consulta de los libros sagrados y el mediador
Authors: Kamimura Naoki , Eguiarte Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

In the Confessions, after telling the audience about his internal struggle with desires, Augustine relates the famous tolle lege incident in a garden in Milan where Augustine happened to read a codex of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans. With regard to the act of consulting a sacred book, Augustine appears to follow a venerable tradition in late antiquity, in which these words tolle lege chanted by children indícate a procedure of the oracle. Augustine also recorded the conversation he had with a knowledgeable physician, Vindicianus, earlier in the Confessions (4.3.5-6) where they discussed how astrological predictions often turned out to be correct. Vindicianus pointed out the prediction drawn from the consultation of a book of poetry. Yet, remarkably, although he concluded that the true predictions by astrologers were produced not by skill but by chance ('non arte, sed sorte'), Augustine’s attitude was not simply negative. Not only in the Confessions, but in some works (e.g. De diuersis quæstionibus octoginta tribus 45.2; Epistula 55.37), he was concerned about a source of inspiration for the oratorical process that had played such a crucial role in his conversion. Why did Augustine think about this kind of oracle? How did he follow the custom in late antiquity? In this paper I shall argue the signifícance and impact of this phenomenon in the thought of Augustine.
Locutio y sensus en los escritos de Agustín sobre el Heptateuco
Authors: Lienhard Joseph T. , Eguiarte B. Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

Augustine often pairs the words locutio and sensus in his efforts to interpret the books of the Heptateuch. Locutiones are un-Latin expressions in the Latin text of the Bible, which point to a Greek or Hebrew idiom behind the Latin. In each case, Augustine tries to decide whether or not a sensus, an intelligible meaning, can be found that explains the locutio. In some cases, he writes confidently that the idiom does not conceal a meaning. In other cases, he suspects that it does; sometimes he can discover the meaning, sometimes not. This study demonstrales Augustine’s profound respect for the Old Latin text, as well as his effort to make sense of the (sometimes unintelligible) text, without violating the rules of grammar or reason. Within these boundaries, he took delight in the biblical text and its mysteries.
Antes del encuentro de Agustín con Emérito
Authors: Merdinger Jane E. , Eguiarte B. Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This paper will examine the ecclesiological background to Augustine’s encounter with Emeritus at Caesarea in September 418. Papal business brought Augustine out to Mauretania Caesariensis, but I believe that he also regarded the long trip as his final opportunity to persuade Emeritus (Donatist bishop of Caesarea and one of Augustine’s most intransigent rivals) to embrace Catholicism. My paper will demónstrate that scholars have paid insufficient attention to several historical and ecclesiological factors that prompted Augustine to be sanguine about Emeritus’ possible conversión. Writings (or fragments) from Tertullian, Cyprian, Augustine, Tyconius, and Possidius will anchor my arguments. Pope Zosimus’ request for Augustine to settle some ecclesiastical matters in Mauretania came at a propitious moment. The Council of 418 had just ended. Though Pelagianism had been the chief topic, the issue of forced conversions of Donatists and their integration in Catholic congregations also bulked large on the agenda. By concentrating on Pelagianism, scholars have overlooked important clues regarding the immediate background to Augustine’s mission out west. Even more importandy, I shall also address the Mauretanian Church’s long-standing aversion to rebaptism - the cornerstone of Cyprian’s and Donatas’ ecclesiology. Recent emphasis on Donatism as the authentic African Church has obscured the dissension that characterized the formative years of that sect. I shall focas on the early years of Christianity in Mauretania and on a significant Donatist council held in 336. My paper will reveal deep ecclesiological fissures within the Donatist Church almost from its inception.
Transfigurauit in se: sacramentalidad de la doctrina agustiniana del totus Christus
Authors: Baker Kimberly F. , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This article argues that Augustine’s choice of verb tense for the phrase transfigurauit in se offers a sacramental dimension to his doctrine of the totus Christus, the whole Christ with Christ as Head and the Church as Body. While the apostle Paul chooses the future tense, transfigurauit (Phil. 3: 21), to locate the transformation of the Church in eternity, Augustine shifts the verb tense to the perfect, thus stretching the eschatological transformation back into the historical event of the Incarnation. Augustine’s writings emphasize, however, that the transformation culminates in eternity, thus giving rise to the question of why he chooses the perfect tense. This article asserts that the grammatical shift is a theological move that reveals the sacramental dimension of the totus Christus. It considers Augustine’s use of the word transitus to describe Christ’s passage through life on earth in the Incarnation. As the Body of Christ, the Church extends Christ’s passage through earthly life, thus the transitus that was completed with the resurrection and ascension of Christ actually continues to take place in the present. And neither the transitus nor the transformation it brings will be completed until the Church foliows Christ in his ascension into heaven. Thus, the union of the totus Christus is a sacramental reality that transcends time, bringing eternal realities into the present because of past actions. The article concludes that Augustine intentionally manipulares the verb tense in order to express the sacramental dimension of the unión of Christ and the Church as each generation of Christians is transformed anew by Christ in his transitus.
La curiosidad en los ‘Soliloquios’ de Agustín
Authors: Steinhauser Kenneth B. , Eguiarte B. Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

In sol. Augustine and ratio, his reason or his soul, confront each other. Several years later, in uera rel. Augustine identifies three cardinal vices: uoluptas, curiositas, and superbia. This threefold concupiscence probably derives from Porphyry’s teaching, which he in turn had received from Plato’s Republic, concerning the threefold division of the soul. Lust, curiosity, and pride correspond to the appetitive, rational, and thumetic aspects of the soul. According to Augustine, 1 John 2:15-16 is an admonition against these three vices. In Matth 4:1-11 the vices correspond to the devil’s three temptations, which Jesus faced at the beginning of his public ministry. The structure of sol. 1 10.17 indicates that ratio is confronting Augustine with the same deadly desires: superbia, curiositas, and uoluptas. At Cassiciacum Augustine communicates these three concepts, but without the precise vocabulary and logical systematization which will be supplied later by 1 John 2:15-16 and Matth 4:1-11 as his thought develops in a theological context. Augustine first presented these three deadly desires in the sol. As temptations during his own life. This took place in 387 at Cassiciacum after his conversion in the garden but before his baptism in Milan. Next, in uera rel. Augustine describes the temptations as those of Jesus as well, the only difference being that Jesus was tempted immediately after his baptism rather than before as Augustine was. Finally, Jesus’ experience and Augustine’s subsequent experience are presented as the universal temptation of all humankind. Curiosity is a major psychological force in two African autobiographical works, the Metamorphoses of Apuleius and the conf. of Augustine. Never explicitly mentioned in sol., curiositas is implied in the sentence where ratio tempts Augustine: 'For this concerns the health of your eyes’.
Ocasionalismo y analogía del constructor, aplicada por Agustín a la creación
Authors: Tkacz Michael W. , Eguiarte B. Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

Augustine is acknowledged by Malebranche as the source of his occasionalism and he appropriates the architect analogy of Augustine’s De Genesi ad litteram (4.22). Augustine’s analogy, however, is not a move toward occasionalism, but a response to Platos claim in the Timaeus (41 A) that the cosmos can be destroyed and is only preserved by divine providence. The heterological nature of the architect image for creation shows that, far from arguing for occasionalism, Augustine is concerned to avoid the cosmogonically fallacious confusion of divine agency and natural cause.
Las mujeres en los escritos antimaniqueos de Agustín
Authors: Baker-Brian Nicholas J. , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This paper critically re-evaluates a number of Augustine’s anti-Manichaean writings, principally his De moribus Manichæorum, De natura boni y De hæresibus from the perspective of recent developments in the study of gender, and the role of rumour and hearsay in ancient heresiological discourse. As part of a panel considering the role of women in late antique Manichaeism, it discusses the role of women in Augustine’s anti-Manichaean rhetoric, and also salvages historical impressions of Manichaean women from the patristic literature of the late fourth and early fifth centuries.
Consonancia y disonancia
Authors: Bouton-Touboulic Anne-Isabelle , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This article intends to demonstrate that for Augustine, the inspiration of the Holy Spirit cannot be separated from a unification synonymous of consonance. Also, this is linked to the properties he attributes to the Holy Ghost. First of all, it can be seen from his exegetical theory of the reception of the Scriptures (the notion of plurality of meanings, developed in books XII and XIII of the Confessions. The idea of consonance also plays an important role in his demonstration of the agreement of the evangelists in the De consensu euangelistarum. Finally, the idea of concord and consonance of the Scriptures allows him to criticize not only the multiplicity of discordant pagan cults, but also the disagreement between philosophical schools, as he does in book I of the De consensu; and in book XVIII of the City of God, he uses the same arguments against the whole of the «earthly city». Hermeneutic, philosophic and political categories are joined together by these images of consonance.
Agustín sobre los santos y la comunidad de los vivos y los muertos
Authors: Djuth Marianne , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

While recent studies have illuminated the social and cultural realities underlying the cult of the saints in late antiquity, this communication focuses on Augustine’s beliefs regarding the metaphysical status of the saints’ humanity after death and the interaction between the saints and temporal human beings. Augustine’s representation of the lives of the saints in works such as his Sermons on the saints, On the care of the dead, the City of God, and On the predestination of the saints and On perseverance at the end of his life reveals the dichotomies in his thinking on the saints with which both he and his reader must contend. The most striking dichotomies are those between popular, or lay, Christianity, and the intellectualized Christianity of a bishop like Augustine; the different historical periods to which Augustine’s works refer, namely, the persecution of the martyr-saints in the third century and faithful Christians in the fourth and fifth centuries; and the different metaphysical and spiritual frameworks of the here and now and the life to come. Against the background of these dichotomies that surface in Augustine’s writings on the saints, I explore the coherence of Augustine’s doctrine of the saints with respect to the following three concerns: (1) a consideration of who the saints are, and what their status is after death, (2) the relevance of the interaction between the saints and temporal human beings for living a good life now in preparation for death, and (3) the effect that the doctrines of predestination and election have on Augustine’s determination of what can be known with respect to who is and is not saved among the saints.
Predicación de Agustín sobre la gracia, en Pentecostés
Authors: Dupont Anthony , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

Augustine’s ‘corpus’ of Pentecost sermones (29, 29A-B, 266-272B, 378) serves in this contribution as a case study to see whether he touches on the topic of grace within these specifically pastoral and liturgical sermones, and to what extent his homiletic treatment is different from his (anti-Pelagian) treatises on grace. The Spirit, liturgically celebrated at Pentecost, plays a central role in Augustine’s doctrine of grace. Furthermore, a possible link with the Donatist controversy will be examined. Augustine stresses ecclesial unity in the collection of Pentecost sermons, which is given by the Holy Spirit. The topic of unity in the Church is a central feature in is anti-Donatist polemics.
Effects of mango and mint pod-based e-cigarette aerosol inhalation on inflammatory states of the brain, lung, heart, and colon in mice
Authors: Moshensky Alex , Brand Cameron S , Alhaddad Hasan , Shin John , Masso-Silva Jorge A , Advani Ira , Gunge Deepti , Sharma Aditi , Mehta Sagar , Jahan Arya , Nilaad Sedtavut , Olay Jarod , Gu Wanjun , Simonson Tatum , Almarghalani Daniyah , Pham Josephine , Perera Samantha , Park Kenneth , Al-Kolla Rita , Moon Hoyoung , Das Soumita , Byun Min Kwang , Shah Zahoor , Sari Youssef , Heller Brown Joan , Crotty Alexander Laura E
Published: April 2022

While health effects of conventional tobacco are well defined, data on vaping devices, including one of the most popular e-cigarettes which have high nicotine levels, are less established. Prior acute e-cigarette studies have demonstrated inflammatory and cardiopulmonary physiology changes while chronic studies have demonstrated extra-pulmonary effects, including neurotransmitter alterations in reward pathways. In this study we investigated the impact of inhalation of aerosols produced from pod-based, flavored e-cigarettes (JUUL) aerosols three times daily for 3 months on inflammatory markers in the brain, lung, heart, and colon. JUUL aerosol exposure induced upregulation of cytokine and chemokine gene expression and increased HMGB1 and RAGE in the nucleus accumbens in the central nervous system. Inflammatory gene expression increased in the colon, while gene expression was more broadly altered by e-cigarette aerosol inhalation in the lung. Cardiopulmonary inflammatory responses to acute lung injury with lipopolysaccharide were exacerbated in the heart. Flavor-specific findings were detected across these studies. Our findings suggest that daily e-cigarette use may cause neuroinflammation, which may contribute to behavioral changes and mood disorders. In addition, e-cigarette use may cause gut inflammation, which has been tied to poor systemic health, and cardiac inflammation, which leads to cardiovascular disease.
Characterization inference based on joint-optimization of multi-layer semantics and deep fusion matching network
Authors: Zheng Wenfeng , Yin Lirong
Published: April 2022

The whole sentence representation reasoning process simultaneously comprises a sentence representation module and a semantic reasoning module. This paper combines the multi-layer semantic representation network with the deep fusion matching network to solve the limitations of only considering a sentence representation module or a reasoning model. It proposes a joint optimization method based on multi-layer semantics called the Semantic Fusion Deep Matching Network (SCF-DMN) to explore the influence of sentence representation and reasoning models on reasoning performance. Experiments on text entailment recognition tasks show that the joint optimization representation reasoning method performs better than the existing methods. The sentence representation optimization module and the improved optimization reasoning model can promote reasoning performance when used individually. However, the optimization of the reasoning model has a more significant impact on the final reasoning results. Furthermore, after comparing each module’s performance, there is a mutual constraint between the sentence representation module and the reasoning model. This condition restricts overall performance, resulting in no linear superposition of reasoning performance. Overall, by comparing the proposed methods with other existed methods that are tested using the same database, the proposed method solves the lack of in-depth interactive information and interpretability in the model design which would be inspirational for future improving and studying of natural language reasoning.
How to get best predictions for road monitoring using machine learning techniques
Authors: Ferjani Imen , Ali Alsaif Suleiman
Published: April 2022

Road condition monitoring is essential for improving traffic safety and reducing accidents. Machine learning methods have recently gained prominence in the practically important task of controlling road surface quality. Several systems have been proposed using sensors, especially accelerometers present in smartphones due to their availability and low cost. However, these methods require practitioners to specify an exact set of features from all the sensors to provide more accurate results, including the time, frequency, and wavelet-domain signal features. It is important to know the effect of these features change on machine learning model performance in handling road anomalies classification tasks. Thus, we address such a problem by conducting a sensitivity analysis of three machine learning models which are Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Multi-Layer Perceptron to test the effectiveness of the model by selecting features. We built a feature vector from all three axes of the sensors that boosts classification performance. Our proposed approach achieved an overall accuracy of 94% on four types of road anomalies. To allow an objective analysis of different features, we used available accelerometer datasets. Our objective is to achieve a good classification performance of road anomalies by distinguishing between significant and relatively insignificant features. Our chosen baseline machine learning models are based on their comparative simplicity and powerful empirical performance. The extensive analysis results of our study provide practical advice for practitioners wishing to select features effectively in real-world settings for road anomalies detection.