bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hipótese de Kuznets para os estados brasileiros: evidências empíricas de dados em painel para o período 1999-2014
Authors: Santos Luciano Balbino dos , Moreira Tito Belchior Silva
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho investiga a relação entre crescimento econômico e desigualdade de renda, testando a validade da hipótese de Kuznets para as 27 Unidades Federativas do Brasil, a partir de um painel de dados com frequência anual, compreendendo o período 1999-2014. Os procedimentos metodológicos seguem duas etapas. Na primeira, aplica-se o teste de causalidade de Granger para as variáveis de interesse: o índice de Gini, medindo a desigualdade, e a renda domiciliar per capita média, como proxy para o crescimento econômico. Na segunda, fazem-se estimativas com painel de efeitos fixos e um painel dinâmico com o uso de instrumentos, estabelecendo a desigualdade como variável dependente em função da renda per capita, educação, taxa de inflação e de outras variáveis de controle importantes para explicar essa relação. Os resultados obtidos sinalizam com clareza um comportamento oposto a hipótese de Kuznets. Isto é, a desigualdade inicialmente diminui com o aumento da renda, mas, em seguida, quando a renda cresce de forma mais significativa, ela também assume uma trajetória de crescimento.
Direito humano à água e acessibilidade econômica: uso da tarifa social pelos reguladores do saneamento no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Renan Pereira , Oliveira Matheus Valle de Carvalho e
Published: October 2020

O reconhecimento pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas (AGNU) dos direitos humanos à água e ao esgotamento sanitário (DHAE) é um marco na história da sistematização desses direitos. O regime de direitos humanos impõe obrigações aos Estados, os quais devem promover sua realização na medida de suas capacidades. Considerando-se a regulação como atividade do poder público, aquele regime vincula também os reguladores, os quais, de acordo com suas atribuições na legislação brasileira por meio da Lei no 11.445/2007, têm atuação determinante na efetivação desse direito, notadamente com relação a aspectos financeiros. Para discutir êxitos e impasses da regulação, utiliza-se neste trabalho o DHAE como chave de análise da ação dos reguladores brasileiros quanto ao acesso a serviços pelas populações carentes. Atentando-se notadamente para a questão da acessibilidade econômica, este trabalho aponta para tensões e convergências entre as normas regulatórias e aqueles direitos.
The Ionized- and Cool-gas Content of the BR1202−0725 System as Seen by MUSE and ALMA
Authors: Drake A. B. , Walter F. , Novak M. , Farina E. P. , Neeleman M. , Riechers D. , Carilli C. , Decarli R. , Mazzucchelli C. , Onoue M.
Published: October 2020

We present Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of the gas-rich major merger BR1202−0725 at z ∼ 4.7, which constitutes one of the most overdense fields known in the early universe. We utilize these data in conjunction with existing Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations to compare and contrast the spatially resolved ionized- and cool-gas content of this system, which hosts a quasar (QSO), a submillimeter galaxy (SMG), the two known optical companion Lyα emitters (“LAE 1” and “LAE 2”), and an additional companion discovered in this work “LAE 3” just 5″ to the north of the QSO. We find that QSO BR1202−0725 exhibits a large Lyα halo, covering ≈55 pkpc on-sky at surface-brightness levels of SB ≥ 1 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2. In contrast, the SMG, of similar far-infrared luminosity and star formation rate (SFR), does not exhibit such a Lyα halo. The QSO’s halo exhibits high velocity widths (∼1000 km s−1) but the gas motion is to some extent kinematically coupled with the previously observed [C ii] bridge between the QSO and the SMG. We note that the object known in the literature as LAE 2 shows no local peak of Lyα emission, rather, its profile is more consistent with being part of the QSO’s extended Lyα halo. The properties of LAE 3 are typical of high-redshift LAEs; we measure F
Lyα
(LAE 3) = 0.24 ± 0.03 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2, corresponding to SFRLyα
 ≈ 5.0 ± 0.5 M
⊙ yr−1. The velocity width is Δv(LAE 3) ≈ 400 km s−1, and the equivalent width is EW0(

Å, consistent with star formation being the primary driver of Lyα emission. We also note a coherent absorption feature at ∼−400 km s−1 in spectra from at least three objects; the QSO, LAE 1, and LAE 2, which could imply the presence of an expanding neutral gas shell with an extent of at least 24 pkpc.
The Velocity Dispersion Function for Quiescent Galaxies in Nine Strong-lensing Clusters
Authors: Sohn Jubee , Fabricant Daniel G. , Geller Margaret J. , Hwang Ho Seong , Diaferio Antonaldo
Published: October 2020

We measure the central stellar velocity dispersion function for quiescent galaxies in a set of nine northern clusters in the redshift range 0.18 < z < 0.29 and with strong lensing arcs in Hubble Space Telescope images. The velocity dispersion function links galaxies directly to their dark matter halos. From dense SDSS and MMT/Hectospec spectroscopy, we identify 222–463 spectroscopic members in each cluster. We derive physical properties of cluster members including redshift,

, and central stellar velocity dispersion and we include a table of these measurements for 3419 cluster members. We construct the velocity dispersion functions for quiescent galaxies with

 > 1.5 and within R
200. The cluster velocity dispersion functions all show excesses at σ ≳ 250 km s−1 compared to the field velocity dispersion function. The velocity dispersion function slope at large velocity dispersion (σ > 160 km s−1) is steeper for more massive clusters, consistent with the trend observed for cluster luminosity functions. The spatial distribution of galaxies with large velocity dispersion at radii larger than R
200 further underscores the probable major role of dry mergers in the growth of massive cluster galaxies during cluster assembly.
Small Electron Events Observed by Parker Solar Probe/IS⊙IS during Encounter 2
Authors: Mitchell J. G. , de Nolfo G. A. , Hill M. E. , Christian E. R. , McComas D. J. , Schwadron N. A. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , Bale S. D. , Case A. W. , Cohen C. M. S. , Joyce C. J. , Kasper J. C. , Labrador A. W. , Leske R. A. , MacDowall R. J. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell D. G. , Pulupa M. , Richardson I. G. , Stevens M. L. , Szalay J. R.
Published: October 2020

The current understanding of the characteristics of solar and inner heliospheric electron events is inferred almost entirely from observations made by spacecraft located at 1 astronomical unit (au). Previous observations within 1 au of the Sun, by the Helios spacecraft at ∼0.3–1 au, indicate the presence of electron events that are not detected at 1 au or may have merged during transport from the Sun. Parker Solar Probe’s close proximity to the Sun at perihelion provides an opportunity to make the closest measurements yet of energetic electron events. We present an overview of measurements of electrons with energies between ∼17 keV and ∼1 MeV made by the Parker Solar Probe Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) instrument suite during Encounter 2 (2019 March 31–April 10 with perihelion of ∼0.17 au), including several small electron events. We examine these events in the context of the electromagnetic and solar wind environment measured by the FIELDS and SWEAP instruments on Parker Solar Probe. We find most of these electron enhancements to be associated with type III radio emissions that reach the local plasma frequency and one enhancement that appears to be primarily associated with abrupt changes in the local magnetic field. Together, these associations suggest that these are indeed the first measurements of energetic electron events within 0.2 au.
The Halo Spin Transition As a Probe of Dark Energy
Authors: Lee Jounghun , Libeskind Noam I
Published: October 2020

We present numerical evidence supporting the claim that the mass-dependent transitions of the halo spin orientations from the intermediate to the minor principal directions of the local tidal fields can in principle be useful discriminators of dark energy models. We first define a spin transition zone as the mass range of the halos,

, for which the intrinsic spin alignments with the minor tidal principal directions become as strong as that with the intermediate principal directions. Then, utilizing the halo samples from the DEUS simulations performed separately for the WMAP7 ΛCDM, phantom dark energy, and quintessence models, we investigate if and how the three different dark energy models differ in

. It is shown that the differences in

among the three dark energy models are significant enough to discriminate the models from one another and robust against the variations of the smoothing scale of the tidal field and redshift. Noting that a narrower spin transition zone is more powerful as a probe of dark energy, we also show that the spin transition zones become narrower at higher redshifts in the filamentary environments and, for the case of the tidal fields, smoothed on smaller scales. Our result is consistent with the scenario that

is mainly determined by how fast the nonlinear evolution of the tidal field proceeds, which in turn sensitively depends on the background cosmology.
Atmospheric Circulation of Tidally Locked Gas Giants with Increasing Rotation and Implications for White Dwarf–Brown Dwarf Systems
Authors: Tan Xianyu , Showman Adam P.
Published: October 2020

Tidally locked gas giants, which exhibit a novel regime of day–night thermal forcing and extreme stellar irradiation, are typically in several-day orbits, implying a modest role for rotation in the atmospheric circulation. Nevertheless, there exist a class of gas-giant, highly irradiated objects—brown dwarfs orbiting white dwarfs in extremely tight orbits—whose orbital and hence rotation periods are as short as 1–2 hr. Phase curves and other observations have already been obtained for this class of objects, raising fundamental questions about the role of an increasing planetary rotation rate in controlling the circulation. So far, most modeling studies have investigated rotation periods exceeding a day, as appropriate for typical hot Jupiters. In this work, we investigate atmospheric circulation of tidally locked atmospheres with decreasing rotation periods (increasing rotation rate) down to 2.5 hr. With a decreasing rotation period, we show that the width of the equatorial eastward jet decreases, consistent with the narrowing of the equatorial waveguide due to a decrease of the equatorial deformation radius. The eastward-shifted equatorial hot-spot offset decreases accordingly, and the off-equatorial westward-shifted hot areas become increasingly distinctive. At high latitudes, winds become weaker and more rotationally dominated. The day–night temperature contrast becomes larger due to the stronger influence of rotation. Our simulated atmospheres exhibit variability, presumably caused by instabilities and wave interactions. Unlike typical hot Jupiter models, the thermal phase curves of rapidly rotating models show a near alignment of peak flux to secondary eclipse. This result helps to explain why, unlike hot Jupiters, brown dwarfs closely orbiting white dwarfs tend to exhibit IR flux peaks nearly aligned with secondary eclipse. Our results have important implications for understanding fast-rotating, tidally locked atmospheres.
Increasing Activity in T CrB Suggests Nova Eruption Is Impending
Authors: Luna Gerardo J. M. , Sokoloski J. L. , Mukai Koji , M. Kuin N. Paul
Published: October 2020

Estimates of the accretion rate in symbiotic recurrent novae (RNe) often fall short of theoretical expectations by orders of magnitude. This apparent discrepancy can be resolved if the accumulation of mass by the white dwarf (WD) is highly sporadic, and most observations are performed during low states. Here we use a re-analysis of archival data from the Digital Access to a Sky Century @Harvard survey to argue that the most recent nova eruption in symbiotic RN T CrB, in 1946, occurred during—and was therefore triggered by—a transient accretion high state. Based on similarities in the optical light curve around 1946 and the time of the prior eruption, in 1866, we suggest that the WD in T CrB accumulates most of the fuel needed to ignite the thermonuclear runaways (TNRs) during accretion high states. A natural origin for such states is dwarf-nova like accretion-disk instabilities, which are expected in the presumably large disks in symbiotic binaries. The timing of the TNRs in symbiotic RNe could thus be set by the stability properties of their accretion disks. T CrB is in the midst of an accretion high state like the ones we posit led to the past two nova eruptions. Combined with the approach of the time at which a TNR would be expected based on the 80 yr interval between the prior two novae (2026 ± 3), the current accretion high state increases the likelihood of a TNR occurring in T CrB in the next few years.
Outlier Detection at GBIF Using DBSCAN
Authors: Waller John
Published: October 2020

Geographic outliers at GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) are a known problem. Outliers can be errors, coordinates with high uncertainty, or simply occurrences from an undersampled region. Often in data cleaning pipelines, outliers are removed (even if they are legitimate points) because the researcher does not have time to verify each record one-by-one. Outlier points are usually occurrences that need attention. Currently, there is no outlier detection implemented at GBIF and it is up to the user to flag outliers themselves.

DBSCAN (a density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise) is a simple and popular clustering algorithm. It uses two parameters, (1) distance and (2) a minimum number of points per cluster, to decide if something is an outlier. Since occurrence data can be very patchy, non-clustering distance-based methods will fail often Fig. 1. DBSCAN does not need to know the expected number of clusters in advance. DBSCAN does well using only distance and does not require some additional environmental variables like Bioclim.

Advanatages of DBSCAN :

Simple

Easy to understand

Only two parameters to set

Scales well

No additional data sources needed

Users would understand how their data was changed

Simple

Easy to understand

Only two parameters to set

Scales well

No additional data sources needed

Users would understand how their data was changed

Drawbacks :

Only uses distance

Must choose parameter settings

Sensitive to sparse global sampling

Does not include any other relevant environmental information

Can only flag outliers outside of a point blob

Only uses distance

Must choose parameter settings

Sensitive to sparse global sampling

Does not include any other relevant environmental information

Can only flag outliers outside of a point blob

Outlier detection and error detection are different. If your goal is to produce a system with no false positives, it will fail. While more complex environmentally-informed outlier detection methods (like reverse jackknifing (Chapman 2005)) might perform better for certain examples or even in genreal, DBSCAN performs adequately on almost everything despite being very simple.

Currently I am using DBSCAN to find errors and assess dataset quality. It is a Spark job written in Scala (github). It does not run on species with lots of (>30K) unique latitude-longitude points, since the current implementation relies on an in-memory distance matrix. However, around 99% of species (plants, animals, fungi) on GBIF have fewer than >30K unique lat-long points (2,283 species keys / 222,993 species keys). There are other implementations ( example) that might scale to many more points.

There are no immediate plans to include DBSCAN outliers as a data quality flag on GBIF, but it could be done somewhat easily, since this type of method does not rely on any external environmental data sources and already runs on the GBIF cluster.
Four new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum clade from northern China
Authors: Gu Xin , Wang Rui , Sun Quan , Wu Bing , Sun Jing-Zu
Published: October 2020

The Harzianum clade of Trichoderma comprises many species, which are associated with a wide variety of substrates. In this study, four new species of Trichoderma, namely T. lentinulae, T. vermifimicola, T. xixiacum, and T. zelobreve, were encountered from a fruiting body and compost of Lentinula, soil, and vermicompost. Their colony and mycelial morphology, including features of asexual states, were described. For each species, their DNA sequences were obtained from three loci, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA, the gene encoding the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α encoding gene (TEF1-α). The analysis combining sequences of the three gene regions distinguished four new species in the Harzianum clade of Trichoderma. Among them, T. lentinulae and T. xixiacum clustered with T. lixii, from which these new species differ in having shorter phialides and smaller conidia. Additionally, T. lentinulae differs from T. xixiacum in forming phialides with inequilateral to a strongly-curved apex, cultural characteristics, and slow growth on PDA. Trichoderma vermifimicola is closely related to T. simmonsii, but it differs from the latter by producing phialides in verticillate whorls and smaller conidia. Trichoderma zelobreve is the sister species of T. breve but is distinguished from T. breve by producing shorter and narrower phialides, smaller conidia, and by forming concentric zones on agar plates. This study updates our knowledge of species diversity of Trichoderma.
Eat and be eaten: trophic interactions of the introduced frog Scinax quinquefasciatus in anthropogenic environments in Galápagos
Authors: Moretta-Urdiales M. Mar , Ernst Raffael , Pontón-Cevallos José , Bermúdez Rafael , Jäger Heinke
Published: October 2020

While the Galápagos Archipelago is known for its endemic flora and fauna, many introduced species have also become naturalised there, especially on the human-inhabited islands. The only amphibian species known to have established on the islands, the Fowler’s snouted treefrog (Scinax quinquefasciatus), is thought to have arrived about two decades ago. Since then, this treefrog has substantially extended its range to the islands of Santa Cruz and Isabela. Our study explores the potential influence of this introduced amphibian on native trophic systems on Santa Cruz and identifies potential antagonists likely to control larval frog populations. To understand the impact of S. quinquefasciatus as a predator of local invertebrate fauna, we performed a stomach-content analysis of 228 preserved adult specimens from seven different localities on Santa Cruz. Of the 11 macroinvertebrate orders recorded, Lepidoptera constituted more than 60% of the contents. We also identified active predators of S. quinquefasciatus tadpoles: larvae of the endemic diving beetle (Thermonectus basillarus galapagoensis). To determine the efficiency of this predator, we conducted predator-prey experiments in ex situ conditions. Tadpole predation was highest after first exposure to the predator and significantly decreased over time. Our experimental results demonstrate that although T. b. galapagoensis larvae are effective tadpole predators, their feeding saturation rates are likely inadequate for frog population control. Our findings provide the first baseline data necessary to make informed ecological impact assessments and monitoring schemes on Santa Cruz for this introduced treefrog.
Marine hitchhikers: a preliminary study on invertebrates unintentionally transported via the international pet trade
Authors: Patoka Jiří , Prabowo Romanus E. , Petrtýl Miloslav , Reynolds Julian D. , Kuříková Pavlína , Zámečníková-Wanma Brigitta P. D. , Kalous Lukáš
Published: October 2020

The pet trade in aquatic organisms is a significant source of non-indigenous species introductions. In comparison with ornamental animals, unintentionally transported invertebrate assemblages are easily overlooked by traders and keepers. Moreover, hitchhiking species detection and identification is difficult even for experts. The densities of “hitchhikers” in aquaria may be relatively higher than those in the wild. These phenomena are known in freshwater aquaria but poorly studied in marine ones. We found 17 species of non-ornamental marine invertebrates in one of the leading importers of aquarium species in the Czech Republic in November 2017. The set comprised six gastropods, two bivalves, three cnidarians, two echinoderms, two crustaceans, and two polychaete worms. In one case, a symbiont was also detected, associated with the host “hitchhiker”. No “live rocks” are traded by the surveyed wholesaler. Thus, the found animals were not imported together with this item as larvae or eggs. Contrary to the transport of targeted ornamental species, it is clear that transport of “hitchhikers” is occurring despite standard legislative regulations and should be brought to the attention of conservationists, wildlife managers, policymakers and other stakeholders.
Prospective, catastrophe et collapsologie
Authors: Theys Jacques
Published: October 2020

La prise de conscience brutale de l’extrême gravité du changement climatique et du déclin de la biodiversité a donné un écho considérable à l’hypothèse d’un effondrement prochain des systèmes socio-écologiques et à la collapsologie. Celle-ci a des aspects multiples : à la fois choc émotionnel, vision idéologique du monde futur, nouvelle science et prévision sur l’avenir. Seules les deux dernières dimensions sont abordées dans cet article, car il s’agit essentiellement de resituer la place de la prospective dans le débat sur l’effondrement, et de voir en quoi celle-ci se différencie de la collapsologie à la fois sur le plan épistémologique et de ses hypothèses sur le futur. Si l’interrogation sur les risques d’effondrements – au moins partiels – est légitime, ni les raccourcis qu’emprunte la collapsologie pour annoncer leur réalisation prochaine ni l’attitude de mise en retrait qu’elle préconise pour y faire face ne se justifient. Moins fataliste et catégorique, la prospective, art pratique orienté vers l’action, préfère se situer entre deux extrêmes qu’elle refuse : le déni de l’hypothèse catastrophiste et la certitude de sa venue.
La résilience : opportunité ou fausse piste ?
Authors: Reghezza Magali
Published: October 2020

La résilience est au départ un concept scientifique descriptif, qui est devenu, au tournant des années 2000, une notion-clé des politiques internationales de réduction des risques de catastrophes (RRC). Terme flou, polysémique et plastique, il fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques dans le monde académique. Son opérationnalisation pose de nombreuses difficultés. La résilience offre pourtant des perspectives intéressantes pour renouveler la prévention des risques et la gestion de crise. Loin d’offrir des solutions miracles, le référentiel de résilience peut s’interpréter davantage comme une méthode qui permet d’intégrer les différents aspects de la RRC et de tenir compte du moyen et du long terme, malgré les incertitudes.
La nature, l’économique et l’imaginaire. L’aménagement touristique de la montagne (Pyrénées, fin du XVIII e siècle-1914)
Authors: Hagimont Steve
Published: October 2020

Cet article interroge les logiques de l’aménagement touristique de la montagne qui conditionnent la consommation et la marchandisation de portions de nature devenues désirables. À partir du cas du tourisme pyrénéen pris sur un long xix e siècle, il s’agit d’inscrire dans l’étude historique de l’économie la part d’imaginaire qui motive, donne sens, conteste et reproduit des modes de relations à la nature. Les pratiques touristiques reposent sur un changement idéel qui se cristallise au xviii e siècle et fait de certains éléments de l’environnement montagnard (eaux thermales, paysages, climat, coutumes, etc.) des ressources émotionnelles et sanitaires. S’appropriant ce changement, des acteurs locaux et régionaux, publics et privés, entreprennent d’aménager leur territoire de vie ou d’action afin de commercialiser ces ressources. Des controverses éclatent, qui témoignent de la nature politique de la transformation de l’environnement. Au-delà de ces transformations matérielles, l’imaginaire touristique renouvelle également la territorialité et l’écosystème des montagnes qui, de bien commun agropastoral local, deviennent un patrimoine touristique plus global. Enfin, l’aménagement vise à mettre en ordre l’espace de villégiature pour le faire correspondre aux désirs d’« hétérotopie » qui guident les visiteurs, en éliminant ce qui, dans la nature et les rapports sociaux, serait indésirable.
La sportivisation inversée du Mixed Martial Arts : une pratique à contre-courant ?
Authors: Ramirez Yann
Published: October 2020

Le Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) suscite encore de vifs débats sur un fond d’interrogations éliasiennes. Son degré de violence physique et ses structures organisationnelles jettent un doute sur le processus de contrôle de la violence dans le sport. Ce sport remet en question le processus de sportivisation dans les termes de Norbert Elias et d’Eric Dunning. D’ailleurs, le MMA est marqué par une « sportivisation inversée » puisqu’il s’est initialement développé à travers la compétition et non en loisir. Dans un contexte où la France légalise ce sport en 2020, son développement est-il encore dépendant des aspects dé-sportivisés ? C’est-à-dire des aspects qui passent par des éléments spectacularisés comme la « cage », des outils extrasportifs ou la porosité des règles. Pour apporter des éléments de réponse, l’enquête s’appuie sur 42 entretiens réalisés entre 2011 et 2015, avec des athlètes et/ou spectateurs ayant connu l’ère du Pride F.C., l’organisation japonaise entre 1997 et 2007. L’enquête utilise également un corpus vidéo comprenant 68 événements organisés par le Pride et les 500 de l’UFC entre 1993 et novembre 2019. Enfin, cinq événements de pancrace et de kempo ont été observés en France entre 2011 et 2015. Le MMA a connu divers développements qui aboutissent aujourd’hui à un modèle commun de sport-spectacle. Le Pride japonais figure comme l’intermède hyperspectaculaire alors que l’UFC moderne a davantage standardisé la pratique depuis les années 2000.
Guerra civil en Nueva España (1810-1815)
Authors: Ferrer Muñoz Manuel
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
La búsqueda de un modelo laboral capitalista en la economía cubana. la emigración de colonos canarios 1852-1855
Authors: Márquez Macías Rosario
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Peña Batlle y su concepto historico de la nación dominicana
Authors: González Raymundo
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Nuevos datos sobre las faunas marinas del Eoceno medio-superior de Navarra (área surpirenaica occidental). Revisión de los fósiles de la colección Ruiz de Gaona
Authors: Astibia Humberto , Corral José Carmelo , Álvarez-Pérez Germán , López Horgue Miguel Ángel , Payros Aitor
Published: October 2020

Durante el Eoceno el área pirenaica pudo desempeñar un papel importante como encrucijada paleobiogeográfica entre los dominios del Tetis occidental y el Atlántico norte. Sin embargo, sus faunas marinas están todavía poco documentadas. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un primer estudio sobre los macrofósiles marinos del Eoceno medio–superior (Luteciense–Bartoniense–Priaboniense) de Navarra de la colección paleontológica de Máximo Ruiz de Gaona, investigador cuyos estudios sobre la geología y paleontología de este territorio constituyen una referencia histórica obligada. Los fósiles descritos provienen de las formaciones margosas del Eoceno de la cuenca de Pamplona y de la Formación Calizas de Urbasa-Andia y niveles suprayacentes, en el área de Estella-Urbasa, al oeste de la falla de Pamplona. Algunos de los especímenes estudiados provienen de afloramientos ya desaparecidos, circunstancia que aumenta el interés de la conservación y estudio de esta colección. Además, los datos paleontológicos del área de Estella–Urbasa son casi del todo novedosos. Este estudio ha permitido describir 24 taxones de macrofauna marina. Siete de ellos ─Cyclolitopsis patera, Funginellastraea barcelonensis, Pycnodonte rarilamella, Metacrinus sp., Triplacidia sp., además de un briozoo Cyclostomatida y un anélido Serpulidae indeterminados─ son nuevos para el registro fósil de Navarra. Las asociaciones macropaleontológicas descritas aquí y en otros trabajos precedentes son poco diversas si se las compara con las coetáneas de otras regiones geológicas europeas. Además de posibles condicionamientos ecológicos, se plantea la existencia de sesgos de muestreo y, sobre todo de sesgos tafonómicos, en concreto, la pérdida de las especies de invertebrados con esqueletos aragoníticos, como principal explicación de este hecho.
On Maxwell’s 1865 theory of aether: A step toward unity
Authors: Shaw Duncan W.
Published: October 2020

This article proposes that James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of the medium of aether, published in 1865, provides a significant step toward the unification of gravity, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and entanglement.
The Einstein and Landau‐Lifshitz pseudotensors—A mathematical note on existence
Authors: Crothers Stephen J.
Published: October 2020

For a closed system, the conservation of energy and momentum has been affirmed through a vast array of experiments. In an attempt to reconcile the General Theory of Relativity with these findings, Einstein constructed, ad hoc, his so-called pseudotensor [A. Einstein, Ann. Phys.
49, 769 (1916)]. Yet this solution fell outside the tensorial mathematical structure of his theory. Landau and Lifshitz also constructed, ad hoc, an even more complex pseudotensor, as a proposed improvement upon the work of Einstein [The Classical Theory of Fields (Addison-Wesley Press,
Inc., Cambridge, MA, 1951)]. Their pseudotensor is symmetric, unlike that proposed by Einstein. They advance that their pseudotensor yields a conservation law which also included angular momentum. However, once again, this approach leads to a mathematical construct which is not a tensor and
thereby falls outside the very mathematical structure of Einstein’s theory. Both pseudotensors, whether that advanced by Einstein or by Landau and Lifshitz, violate the rules of pure mathematics and therefore can hold no place in physics.
Energy saving and climate change mitigation through improved thermodynamic efficiency
Authors: Panarella Emilio
Published: October 2020

The second Law of Thermodynamics is fundamental in the analysis of thermodynamic cycles. It dictates that the conversion of heat to work is limited. It reaches an upper limit in a classical thermodynamic cycle, and such a limit is provided by the Carnot cycle, which is the most efficient.
Motivated by a recent allowance of a patent to this author (U.S. Patent 10,079,075), the present study tutorially attempts to expand on the subject and shows that the efficiency can go above the Carnot efficiency, provided a novel cycle is used, and heat, rather than being discarded, is recirculated
in the same engine used to generate work. The significant energy saving consequential to this finding and climate change mitigation are reported.
Law of physics 20th-century scientists overlooked. II. Energy generation via velocity differential blueshift
Authors: Ranzan Conrad
Published: October 2020

Theorists of the 20th century had failed to recognize an underlying law of physics governing the propagation of light: linearly propagating electromagnetic radiation (and neutrinos) is subject to the Principle of velocity differential propagation. The Principle, which is shown
to rest on sound physics, has two manifestations: the second of these, the blueshifting of light (and neutrinos) within the internal portion of a gravity well, is explored. The Principle is applied to an end-state neutron star (a stable gravitationally collapsed body). Examined is its energy
layer, the energy generation/amplification that takes place there, and the mechanism by which the energy escapes to the external world. Highlighted is the steady-state perpetual nature of the process; and its applicability in solving two of the most intractable problems in astrophysics. The
implications for cosmology are profound and incontrovertible.
Time dilation in the GPS invalidates the relativity principle
Authors: Gift Stephan J. G.
Published: October 2020

Asymmetrical time dilation in the Global Positioning System (GPS) invalidates the relativity principle of special relativity since it confirms the existence of a preferred frame that is prohibited by the principle. It also contradicts symmetrical time dilation predicted by special relativity.
Deep Learning in IoT
Authors: G. Devika , Karegowda Asha Gowda
Published: October 2020

The internet of things (IoT), big data analytics, and deep learning (DL) applications in the mechanical internet are expanding. The current digital era has various sensory devices for a wide range of fields and applications, which all generate various sensory data. DL is being applied for handling big data and has achieved great success in the IoT and other fields. The applications for data streams to discover new information, predict future insights, and make control decisions are crucial processes that make the IoT a worthy paradigm for businesses and a quality-of-life improving technology. This chapter provides a detailed account of the IoT domain, machine learning, and DL techniques and applications. The IoT that consists of DL with intelligence backgrounds is also discussed. Recent research on DL in the IoT within the big data domain is also discussed. Current challenges and potential areas for future research are discussed.
Deep Learning in Engineering Education
Authors: Vora Deepali R. , Iyer Kamatchi R.
Published: October 2020

The goodness measure of any institute lies in minimising the dropouts and targeting good placements. So, predicting students' performance is very interesting and an important task for educational information systems. Machine learning and deep learning are the emerging areas that truly entice more research practices. This research focuses on applying the deep learning methods to educational data for classification and prediction. The educational data of students from engineering domain with cognitive and non-cognitive parameters is considered. The hybrid model with support vector machine (SVM) and deep belief network (DBN) is devised. The SVM predicts class labels from preprocessed data. These class labels and actual class labels act as input to the DBN to perform final classification. The hybrid model is further optimised using cuckoo search with levy flight. The results clearly show that the proposed model SVM-LCDBN gives better performance as compared to simple hybrid model and hybrid model with traditional cuckoo search.
Deep Learning Solutions for Agricultural and Farming Activities
Authors: Karegowda Asha Gowda , G. Devika , M. Geetha
Published: October 2020

The continuously growing population throughout globe demands an ample food supply, which is one of foremost challenge of smart agriculture. Timely and precise identification of weeds, insects, and diseases in plants are necessary for increased crop yield to satisfy demand for sufficient food supply. With fewer experts in this field, there is a need to develop an automated system for predicting yield, detection of weeds, insects, and diseases in plants. In addition to plants, livestock such as cattle, pigs, and chickens also contribute as major food. Hence, livestock demands precision methods for reducing the mortality rate of livestock by identifying diseases in livestock. Deep learning is one of the upcoming technologies that when combined with image processing promises smart agriculture to be a reality. Various applications of DL for smart agriculture are covered.
Predicting Multi-Generational Technology Adoption Practices in a South African Context
Authors: Tshazi Zizipho Bombazi , Civilcharran Surika
Published: October 2020

Due to rapid technology advancements, people can now communicate easier, improve their quality of life, and expand the learning opportunities. Initial theorization of digital gaps was founded on the diffusion theory, which describes how and at what pace new ideas and technology have and will spread. Further argument was made on the attainment of and access to computer and Internet tools, which is a fundamental criterion for overcoming these gaps and inequalities. The perceptions related to ease of use and usability has had a major impact on acceptance of technology by Generation X, which leads to the widening of the digital gap. This chapter explores the generational digital gap, related to both Millennials and Generation X's perspective on the impact and use of technology as everyday technologies. The factors affecting the digital gap, factors affecting the generational digital gap, and possible means of bridging the gap are explored. The empirical results reveal a significant relationship between attitude towards technology and age for each generation, among others.
First-Year Students' Experience With Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Badru Abdulbaqi , Ajayi Nurudeen
Published: October 2020

The integration of ICT in the education system has led to the continuous development and adoption of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) platforms such as the virtual learning environment (VLE) to facilitate and activate TEL practices in higher education institutions. The use of VLE such as MOODLE and Blackboard is proliferating; however, the experience of users in determining the relevance of VLE in enhancing teaching and learning has been identified to be an important factor in the successful use of VLEs. This chapter employed a quantitative method to examine students' experience in using VLE at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The chapter also presents the result of the investigation into the influence of students' computer self-efficacy on their perceived ease of use, usefulness, and attitudes towards the use of VLE. The results of this study show that students believe that VLE enhances their learning. Furthermore, the results show that self-efficacy has a weak influence on students' perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitudes towards the use of VLE.
A Survey on Tools for Data Analytics and Data Science
Authors: Pathak Pankaj , Iyengar Samaya Pillai , Abhyankar Minal
Published: October 2020

In the current times, the educational and employment areas are changing at a very fast rate. The change is visible especially in the zone of technology-education. Approximately 4-5 years back, technology education meant coding, using different computer science programming languages. But in the recent times data science and data analytics have become the buzz words. The employment in this area has also undergone a tremendous change effect. Many new employment opportunities have sprung in this area as well with the regular or existing jobs becoming less or extinct. The entire business domain is warming to these buzz words. And the industry preference for these techniques has widened. The chapter discusses both the concepts and the tools being used.
Tools, Technologies, and Methodologies to Support Data Science
Authors: Barrera-Cámara Ricardo A. , Canepa-Saenz Ana , Ruiz-Vanoye Jorge A. , Fuentes-Penna Alejandro , Ruiz-Jaimes Miguel Ángel , Bernábe-Loranca Maria Beatriz
Published: October 2020

Various devices such as smart phones, computers, tablets, biomedical equipment, sports equipment, and information systems generate a large amount of data and useful information in transactional information systems. However, these generate information that may not be perceptible or analyzed adequately for decision-making. There are technology, tools, algorithms, models that support analysis, visualization, learning, and prediction. Data science involves techniques, methods to abstract knowledge generated through diverse sources. It combines fields such as statistics, machine learning, data mining, visualization, and predictive analysis. This chapter aims to be a guide regarding applicable statistical and computational tools in data science.
Comparison of European Option Pricing Models at Multiple Periods
Authors: Dar Amir Ahmad , Anuradha N. , Nihel Ziadi
Published: October 2020

The point of this chapter is to think about the correlation of two well-known European option pricing models – Black Scholes Model and Binomial Option Pricing Model. The above two models not statistically significant at one period. In this examination, it is shown how the above two European models are statistically significant when the time period increases. The independent paired t-test is utilized with the end goal to demonstrate that they are statistically significant to vary from one another at higher time period and the Anderson Darling test being used for the normality test. The Minitab and Excel programming has been utilized for graphical representation and the hypothesis testing.
Integrated Big Data E-Healthcare Solutions to a Fragmented Health Information System in Namibia
Authors: Hashiyana Valerianus , Sheehama Jacob Angara , Sheetekela Paulus , David Frans
Published: October 2020

This chapter showcases a big data platform solution for the Namibian health sector using handheld, portable devices, mobile devices, desktops, and server systems targeted to capture patient information, keep records, monitor and process patient health status. This chapter oversees the architectural design of the system that is more oriented towards specifications of user requirements on usability of mobile devices and their applications for e-health systems. This chapter is looking ahead to the benefits that come along with good investment in the e-health, which require a very philosophical and pragmatic systematic transformation of the hardware, software, and human resources in the health sector. Sustainability of the e-health system in the future is very promising as young professionals embrace these technological advancements from the training time and can take over the system without a big IT support staff as most of them are IT literate.
A Literature Review on Thyroid Hormonal Problems in Women Using Data Science and Analytics
Authors: Suganya R. , Rajaram S.  , Kameswari M.
Published: October 2020

Currently, thyroid disorders are more common and widespread among women worldwide. In India, seven out of ten women are suffering from thyroid problems. Various research literature studies predict that about 35% of Indian women are examined with prevalent goiter. It is very necessary to take preventive measures at its early stages, otherwise it causes infertility problem among women. The recent review discusses various analytics models that are used to handle different types of thyroid problems in women. This chapter is planned to analyze and compare different classification models, both machine learning algorithms and deep leaning algorithms, to classify different thyroid problems. Literature from both machine learning and deep learning algorithms is considered. This literature review on thyroid problems will help to analyze the reason and characteristics of thyroid disorder. The dataset used to build and to validate the algorithms was provided by UCI machine learning repository.
LA RICOLONIZZAZIONE DELLâ€™ANTARTIDE: STORIE DI PINGUINI E FOCHE, SENTINELLE DEI CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI NEGLI ULTIMI 10 MILA ANNI
Authors: Baroni Carlo
Published: October 2020

The re-colonization of Antarctica: stories of penguins and seals, sentinels of climate change in the last ten thousand years. During the Late Pleistocene the Antarctic glacial system expanded and advanced on the coastal margin of the continent forcing penguins, seals and other animals nesting in the deglaciated areas to migrate toward refuge areas located at northern latitudes. The deglaciation that followed the last glacial maximum, in the Ross Sea area, was accomplished around 8000 years ago, freeing the Antarctic coasts that were re-colonized by AdÃ©lie penguins and elephant seals. These two species have coexisted, even alternating, in the deglaciated areas of the coastal strip for several millennia. In the ornithogenic soils of the abandoned penguin colonies and in the breeding sites of the elephant seals, recently discovered on the Holocene raised beaches, a precious heritage of organic remains is preserved, allowing us to study different aspects of recent environmental history. The phases of colonization and coexistence between penguins and elephant seals are very complex and reflect the climatic-environmental variations that have characterized the Antarctic scenario for several thousand of years. Penguins and elephant seals, sensitive sentinels of the Antarctic ecosystem, are now playing an important role in the Southern Ocean scenario, interpreting the dramatic role of bellwether of climate change.
Genetic polymorphism of Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (msp1) and 2 (msp2) genes and multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection across various endemic areas in Senegal
Authors: Ndiaye Tolla , Sy Mouhamad , Gaye Amy , Ndiaye Daouda
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Despite a significant decline in Senegal, malaria remains a burden in various parts of the country. Assessment of multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection and genetic diversity of parasites population could help in monitoring of malaria control.Objective: To assess genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in P. falciparum isolates from three areas in Senegal with different malaria transmissions. Methods: 136 blood samples were collected from patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Pikine, Kedougou and Thies. Polymorphic loci of msp1 and 2 (Merozoite surface protein-1 and 2) genes were amplified by nested PCR.Results: For msp1gene, K1 allelic family was predominant with frequency of 71%. Concerning msp2 gene, IC3D7 allelic family was the most represented with frequency of 83%. Multiclonal isolates found were 36% and 31% for msp1et msp2 genes respectively. The MOI found in all areas was 2.56 and was statistically different between areas (P=0.024). Low to intermediate genetic diversity were found with heterozygosity range (He=0,394-0,637) and low genetic differentiation (Fst msp1= 0.011; Fst msp2= 0.017) were observed between P. falciparum population within the country.Conclusion: Low to moderate genetic diversity of P.falciparum strains and MOI disparities were found in Senegal.Keywords: Senegal, MOI, Genetic diversity, msp1, msp2.
Integrated management of HIV/NCDs: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care workers in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Masupe Tiny , Mashalla Yohana , Seloilwe Esther , Jibril Harun , Medhin Heluf
Published: October 2020

Background: The epidemiologic transition and double disease burden from chronic infections and Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide requires re-engineering of healthcare delivery systems. Healthcare workers (HCWs) need to adapt to new integrated disease management approaches and change from current disease-specific management. Objectives: The study aimed to determine HCWs knowledge, capacity and skills for management of NCDs among HIV patients and their attitudes towards integrated HIV/NCDs disease management approaches for future clinical practice. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey among HCWs attending to HIV patients at selected government facilities. Results: One hundred out of 105 responses were analysed. Only 6% could fully define NCDs. Awareness levels of NCDs were high: Diabetes and hypertension 98%; cancer 96%; cardiovascular diseases 86%. However, 11.8% and 58% classified HIV and malaria respectively as NCDs. Most respondents (88%) believe that integrating HIV/NCDs care would be good use of resources while 62% disagreed with current separate facility management of HIV patients with NCDs. Over 60% routinely screened HIV patients for NCDs risk factors: Smoking (87.2%), alcohol (90.8%), diet (84.9%) and physical activity (73.5%). Conclusion: There were gaps in detailed knowledge on NCDs, but positive attitude towards routine primary care integrated HIV/NCDs management, showing likely support for implementation of such policy.Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, knowledge, attitude, HIV, integration.