bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering Efficient Method Extracting Arsenic from Human Milk Samples
Authors: Ahuja Dr. Anil , Kaur Manjeet
Published: May 2022

In this article, the arsenic levels in drinking water were investigated. Hair and nail arsenic is strongly related, however, according to principal component analysis (PCA). According to our findings, lactating women with hypertension higher levels. Arsenic levels in infants' blood, nails, and urine were examined, and the findings indicated a substantially high body burden of arsenic in regions. The hair and nail arsenic levels were shown to be age-dependent utilizing PCA. The methods for extracting arsenic from human milk samples are effective in both literatures. These results would help in the development of a faster and more efficient technique for removing arsenic from milk samples. Although the procedure will take longer than anticipated, it does not exceed 5-6 hours. Furthermore, such studies reveal the degree of arsenic exposure in individuals living in complicated settings. People are exposed to less arsenic as a result of this, which may lead to severe cases of chronic arsenic poisoning. Prenatal exposure to babies may possibly cause genetic abnormalities as well as physical and mental problems.
A Review Paper on Application of PCR-ELISA in the Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Arya Namrata , Kaur Dr. Arminder
Published: May 2022

PCR-ELISA (Enzyme-linkedlinked immunosorbent assay - polymerase chain reaction), immunodetection method used to count the PCR amplified creation just after the halt of biotinylated DNA on the microtiter bowl. Amplification, immobilization, and detection are the three phases of the synthesis chained response - enzymes coupled immunoassay assay procedure. PCR-ELISA is more sensitive than the conventional PCR method, it detects nucleic acids rather than protein with the lesser detection time and tinier analytical time. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, it has potential application as a detection tool in the numerous industries like; agricultural, food industry, veterinary and medical. PCR-ELISA in industries used for the detection, diagnosis and quantitative monitoring. Current advancements in the Polymerase chain reaction - enzymes linked immunoassay test show that the assay is best known for its sensitive detecting limits, which reduces total diagnostic time and improves quality.
A Review Paper on Acne
Authors: Singh Krishna Raj , Wadhwa Dr. Durgesh
Published: May 2022

Among the most common skin problems is eczema concerns between teenagers is acne. This disease affects every sebaceous glands unit. Acne is created by impassable pilosebaceous units proionobacterium acnes is also detected. Acne sensitivity is examined in order to determine the optimal treatment option. Acne medication is necessary to avoid damage and adverse affective effects must commence as early as practicable. It should be tailored to each patient's specific needs, keeping in mind the kind of acne, its intensity, the patient's ability to use the treatment, and his or her mental state. Topical therapies are the most widely used handling treatment mild-acne. Strong acne is treated with oral anti-biotics. Following that, anti-biotic opposition can be condensed by utilising non-antibiotic interesting treatments. Iso-tretinoin is a drug that is being used to treat acute acne and can lead to long-term resolution. If medical experts gave more knowledge and attention, acne treatment may be considerably improved.
Overview on Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ahuja Dr. Anil , Juneja Rinka
Published: May 2022

The prostate cancer is leading reason cancer diagnosis for males in the United States, with over 160 300 fresh cases diagnosed each year. The prostate cancer is indeed the third-leading reason of cancer mortality in males, despite its typically indolent course. Tissue biopsy is still the gold average for diagnosing prostate cancer when it is suspected. However, better risk stratification and improvements in mri scans and functional imaging, and the development of biomarkers, have made illness diagnosis and characterization more accurate. Men who have been diagnosed with breast cancer now have a variety of treatment choices. Surgery and radiation are still curative therapies for localized illness, but they include side effects including urinary problems and sexual dysfunction, which may lower quality of life. Chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for metastatic illness now seems to improve survival when compared to hormone therapy alone. In men suffering metastatic prostate cancer who are resistant to conventional hormone treatment, new vaccinations, hormonal therapies, and bone-targeting medicines have shown effectiveness. Advances in prostate cancer detection and treatment have enhanced doctors' capacity to stratify patients into risk and suggest therapy depending on cancer prediction and patient preference. When compared to androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy may help patients live longer. In men suffering metastatic prostate cancer who are resistant to conventional hormone treatment, abiraterone, enzalutamide, as well as other medicines may help.
Hepatitis E Virus: A Review Paper
Authors: Arya Namrata , Kaur Dr. Arminder
Published: May 2022

In tropical and subtropical areas, the hepatitis E virus is significant source of outbursts and occasional instances of virus hepatitis, although it is uncommon in industrialized nations. The virus is spread via the facesoral path, with dirty consumption of water serving as the most common carrier. In most individuals, hepatitis caused by HEV infection causes moderately severe jaundice that goes away on its own. Infection mostly affects young people between the ages of 15 and 30, with a mortality incidence of 0.5 to 3.0%. The mortality rate during pregnancy, on the other hand, is about 15 to 25%. Abortion, premature births, or the mortality of a liveborn baby within hours of birth are all possible outcomes of hepatitis E infections throughout childbirth. HEV is a zoometric virus since it may be found in both wild and domestic animals. Human HEV identified in those regions is closely linked to viruses discovered from pigs in the United States and Taiwan. Because the swine and human viruses have a strong genetic connection, pigs may be a HEV reservoir. Pigs dung may be a cause of HEV contamination of irrigation water or coastal waters in regions where swine are farmed, with concurrent contamination of crops or shellfish. Industrialized nations' growing globalization of nutrition marketplaces has the power to spread HEV to other parts of the globe. The goal of this study is to address many elements of hepatitis E, such as the causative agent, illness, HEV-targeted populations, epidemiology, viral transmission, viral detection, diagnostics, and the part of creatures as possible virus vectors.
Google Shopping en het verbod op self-preferencing – een nieuwe norm voor Big Tech?
Authors: Mulder Jotte
Published: May 2022

Google Shopping en het verbod op self-preferencing – een nieuwe norm voor Big Tech?

De Google shopping-uitspraak heeft veel te bieden. Self-preferencing kwalificeert onder omstandigheden als misbruik. Die omstandigheden vereisen niet dat Google een onmisbare dienst aanbiedt maar enkel dat het gedrag tot potentiële uitsluiting kan leiden. Daarbij lijkt het Gerecht ook een nieuwe standaard te introduceren, namelijk dat ‘onnatuurlijk gedrag van Google dat in potentie tot uitsluiting kan leiden moet worden gerechtvaardigd’. Het Gerecht heeft er echter zorg voor gedragen veel van de ‘nieuwe normen’ in de uitspraak te verbinden aan de ‘ultradominante’ positie die Google als poortwachter in de markt inneemt. De bredere relevantie en impact van de uitspraak is om die reden reeds beperkt, ook in het licht van de DMA-regulering, op basis waarvan vergelijkbaar gedrag van Google straks ex-ante verboden is.
De herkansing van Intel
Authors: van Ginneken Pepijn
Published: May 2022

De herkansing van Intel

Maar liefst dertien jaar na dato verklaart het Gerecht de beschikking waarbij de Commissie aan Intel een boete van € 1,06 miljard heeft opgelegd, gedeeltelijk nietig. De analyse die de Commissie heeft verricht is volgens het Gerecht onvolledig en niet geschikt om aan te tonen dat de omstreden kortingen mededingingsbeperkende gevolgen konden hebben of waarschijnlijk dergelijke gevolgen hadden. Uit het arrest blijkt op welke wijze juridische vermoedens bij misbruik van machtpositie kunnen worden weerlegd. Het maakt handhaving van het verbod op misbruik van machtspositie er niet makkelijker op, wat de vlucht naar het alternatief van de recent aangenomen Digital Markets Act mogelijk des te groter maakt.
Quão experimentais e estratégicas são as aplicações de Business Intelligence (BI) e Data Mining?
Authors: Cruz Rodrigo Fontes , Colaço Júnior Methanias , Gois Victor Menezes
Published: May 2022

Objective: Identify and characterize the methodologies used for the experimental development of intelligent applications aligned with strategic planning.Methodology: A systematic mapping was carried out to characterize the research in the area, considering the last ten years.Originality: No scientific studies were found with the same research object of this article, to identify and characterize the methodologies for the experimental development of intelligent applications aligned with strategic planning, which increases the importance of the results presented here.Main results: As a result, no studies were found that presented any complete approach to discipline strategic alignment and experimentation, providing clear compliance with strategic objectives and an experimental phase in the validation of results. However, some trials of parts of these characteristics could be mapped, such as experimentation found in 28,57% of the studies. Among the countries, China, the United States and Brazil led the ranking of publications on the subject. As for the medium of publication, Journal was the most used option for publication. In addition, the "IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communications, Control and Computing Technologies" and the journal "Expert Systems with Applications" stood out as major publishers.Theoretical Contributions: This research presents results relevant to academia and entrepreneurs, providing evidence that there is a gap in research on a formal method of BI and Data Mining applications experimental and strategy-driven development. In addition, this work is presented as a source of consultation to the existing method standards for the development of intelligent applications, as well as being replicable and extended by the applied systematization. Finally, there is a focus on research that proposes methods of creating experimental applications validated experimentally and aligned with strategy.
Evaluation of New Mango Varieties in Samtenling, Sarpang
Authors: Yangden Tshering , Tshering Ugyen , Euden Kezang , Dorji Sangay , Ngawang  , Ghalley Gangaram
Published: May 2022

Evaluation of four varieties of mango was carried out at Agriculture Research and Development Centre, Samtenling during 2016-2018 to characterise the varieties with basic morphological traits and to assess their performance under sub-tropical agro-ecological zone. The varieties evaluated were Chinwang, Irwin, Duncan and Tommy Atkin with Amrapali as a check. Description of morphological traits is based on IBPGR mango descriptors. For performance evaluation, yield data and fruit quality analysis were recorded. Significant differences were observed in the quality analysis of fruits from all the varieties tested against the check variety. Maximum fruit weight was recorded in Chinwang variety with the mean weight of 893 gram and minimum was recorded in Amrapali (194 gram). The TSS result from all the four varieties did not show any significant difference (P value 0.0998) with the mean TSS of 13.2. Average yield per tree was also recorded in Chinwang (81kg/ tree) followed by Tommy Atkin (79 kg/tree), Duncan (69 kg/tree) and Irwin (33 kg/tree and lowest yield in the check variety Amrapali (19 kg/tree). Although all varieties were short stature in growth habit, Chinwang was found to be taller (5.2 m) than other varieties (Amrapali (4.7 m), Duncan (4 m), Irwin (3.9 m) and Tommy Atkin (4.0 m)). All four varieties have the potential for further promotion. However, continued multi-location evaluation will determine their performance under different climate and soil conditions.
Evaluation of Sowing Time of Quinoa in a Potato-based Cropping System in Cool temperate Agro-ecological Condition of Haa, Bhutan
Authors: Lhachola  , Bajgai Yadunath , Karchung  , Katwal Tirtha Bdr.
Published: May 2022

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a native crop of South America that has shown high adaptation potential under Bhutanese conditions since its first introduction in 2015. Globally, it is referred to as the healthiest food due to its high nutritional content. The study aimed to investigate best sowing dates for quinoa and determine the possibility of cultivating it as a second crop after potato in Haa. The research was conducted in Katsho Gewog (~2700 masl) in Haa district which falls under cool temperate agro-ecology in Bhutan. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design to test two quinoa varieties: Amarilla Marangani (AM) and DOA-1-PMB-2015 (DOA). They were planted at five sowing dates from 15 June to 15 August 2019 at 15 days interval. Sowing dates had a positive effect on the growth and productivity of quinoa due to differences in temperature and precipitation. Highest seed yield of both the varieties was obtained when quinoa was sown on 15 July, suggesting best sowing date of quinoa between 1st week to mid-July. Amarilla variety provided the highest grain yield at 409.30 kg/acre with a corresponding highest plant height of 77.31 cm for 15th July sowing. Similarly, DOA’s highest yield was 369.63 kg/acre with a plant height of 56.60 cm for the 15th July planting. The least yield and plant height were obtained for quinoa planted on 15th August. Hence, sowing Amarilla Marangani variety later than 15th July in Haa risks the crop to extreme winter temperatures coinciding with its critical growth stage. Quinoa as a second crop after potato could be possible provided sowing is timed before 15 July. Another alternative could be the use of relay cropping of quinoa with potato if due care could be taken during potato harvest which is a gap for further study. However, DOA variety could be used for late July sowing due to its shorter growing duration.
Gambaran Kegiatan Tool Box Meeting dan Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja di PT. Adhi Persada Beton Plant Sadang Purwakarta
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Hastuti Hastuti
Published: May 2022

Tool box meeting adalah suatu kegiatan brifieng yang dilaksanakan setiap hari sebelum memulai pekerjaan pada setiap bagian kerja. Tool box meeting adalah bentuk dari promosi K3 yang dijalankan perusahaan untuk menekan angka kejadian kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain yang bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah fenomenologi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan kegiatan tool box meeting dalam kaitan kejadian kecelakaan kerja di PT Adhi Persada Beton Plant Sadang, Purwakarta. Pengambilan data dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen pada 6 (enam) orang informan untuk mengetahui karakteristik informan, pengalaman kerja, jenis pekerjaan, shift kerja, dan kejadian kecelakaan kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kegiatan tool box meeting sebagai kegiatan refresh untuk para pekerja, sehingga perilaku pekerja akan berubah menjadi perilaku aman. Pengalaman kerja memiliki  peranan dalam bekerja, karena pekerja yang memiliki kompetensi dan keahlian sebelumnya akan berdampak dengan penurunan kejadian kecelakaan kerja. Jenis pekerjaan disesuaikan dengan pekerja dan keahlian atau pengalaman yang dimiliki sebelumnya, diharapkan akan meminimalisir kejadian kecelakaan kerja. Shift kerja pada malam hari memiliki dampak bagi pekerja karena dengan kondisi area kerja minim penerangan yang membuat pekerja sulit untuk fokus dan mudah mengantuk. Kejadian kecelakaan kerja yang sering terjadi adalah kecelakaan ringan seperti P3K dan perawatan medis namun pernah terjadi kecelakaan berat pada tahun 2018 yang disebabkan oleh human error.
Del Paisaje perdido al patrimonio a reencontrar.
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Urrieta García Salvador Esteban , Zalapa Castañeda Verónica ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: May 2022

En el panorama de las ciudades históricas, la Ciudad de México ocupa un lugar especial respecto a la conservación urbana, debido al patrimonio urbano heredado a lo largo de su historia. Mucho de este patrimonio se ha perdido, pero además se perdió su entorno natural original, desapareció su paisaje primigenio, lo que significó una ruptura de la ciudad con la naturaleza. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la conservación urbana actual, y sus principales paradigmas que nos conducen al de los “paisajes históricos urbanos”. En el caso de esta ciudad, y con la mirada puesta en sus diversos tipos de poblamientos, se llega a los diferentes paisajes urbanos que se han constituido desde fines del siglo XIX, lo cual representa un importante patrimonio valorado, y a revalorar. Sin embargo, en esta valoración queda pendiente todo ese patrimonio contextual que tiene menor atención, pero con mayor vulnerabilidad en el riesgo de degradación y extinción. Es sobre este patrimonio “menor” que orientamos esta reflexión.
Analisis Kemampuan Fiskal Guna Menunjang Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Papua
Authors: Frendi Leondra , Umar Hasan Basri , Marlissa Elsyan Rienette
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : bagaimana tingkat kemampuan keuangan daerah guna menunjang kemandirian keuangan daerah Provinsi Papua, dan bagaimana tingkat ketergantungan Pemerintah Provinsi Papua terhadap transfer dana dari Pemerintah Pusat. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder diperoleh dari publikasi Kantor Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah dan Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi Derajat Desentralisasi, Rasio Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah, dan Rasio Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan tingkat kemandirian fiskal Provinsi Papua selama lima tahun terakhir belum mencapai 10 persen atau hanya sebesar 8,47 persen sehingga dapat dikategorikan masih sangat kurang.  Tingkat ketergantungan Pemerintah Provinsi Papua terhadap transfer dana dari pusat adalah rendah yakni mencapai sepuluh kali lipat, rata-rata setiap tahunnya mencapai 11,81 persen.Kata Kunci : Desentralisasi Fiskal, Kemampuan Fiskal
Analisis Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembangunan Kampung Di Distrik Depapre Kabupaten Jayapura
Authors: Kato Eka Putra , Riani Ida Ayu Purba , Purwadi Marsi Adi
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam Perencanaan, Penganggaran, Pelaksanaan, Pengawasan, dan Monitoring dan Evaluasi pembangunan kampung di Distrik Depapre. Pengumpulan data dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan cara observasi, kuisioner, dan dokumentasi. Data yang di kumpulkan di analisis secara mix methods, dengan menggunakan cobweb analisis. Hasil penilitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan kampung di Distrik Depapre dilihat dari kelima bidang partisipasi yaitu partisipasi dalam perencanaan sebesar 46.72% masih di katakan rendah, penganggaran 39.34% berada pada kategori rendah, pelaksanaan 77.87% tergolong tinggi, pengawasan 62.30% atau berada pada kategori tinggi, dan monitoring/evaluasi sebesar 50% atau masih terbilang rendah. Berdasarkan hasil dari masing – masing bidang dari bentuk partisipasi tersebut, maka secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Distrik Depapre adalah tergolong cukup tinggi dengan hasil 55.25%.Kata Kunci : Partisipasi Masyarakat, Pembangunan Kampung
Analisis Kemandirian Fiskal Di Provinsi Papua 2012–2016
Authors: Pratama Satria , Iek Mesak , Patty Richard
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Kemandirian Fiskal, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Dana Perimbangan, Investasi, dan Angkatan Kerja terhadap Kemandirian Fiskal Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Papua. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang meliputi data Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Dana Perimbangan, Investasi, dan Angkatan Kerja yang di peroleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Data di Analisis secara statistik menggunakan regresi data panel. Secara umum, di dapatkan hasil bahwa Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Dana Perimbangan, Investasi, dan Angkatan Kerja secara simultan berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian fiskal Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Papua. Sedangkan hasil uji Persial menunjukkan bahwa faktor Pertumbuhan Ekonomi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Kemandirian Fiskal dengan Probabilitas sebesar 0.0287. Sedangkan Faktor dana perimbangan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemandirian fiskal dengan Probabilitas sebesar 0.1086. Selanjutnya faktor Investasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kemandirian Fiskal dengan Probabilitas sebesar 0.0357, dan faktor Angkatan Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kemandirian Fiskal dengan Probabilitas sebesar 0.0021.Kata Kunci : Kemandirian Fiskal, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Dana Perimbangan, Investasi, Angkatan Kerja
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi e-office dalam Manajemen Arsip di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Dianita Endang
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of technology in the industrial revolution 4.0 is marked by the presence of electronic devices that humans can utilize as users in various work activities. Facing this phenomenon, e-office as records management needs serious attention. In addition to time efficiency, the use of technology can also reduce costs and other resources such as paper, ink, etc. Unfortunately, users sometimes lack the skills to use existing electronic systems. Therefore, this article aims to explain the use of e-office in MAN 4 Kota Pekanbaru and the opportunities, challenges, and obstacles faced. This article was written with a case study approach, namely by explaining the facts in the field using a qualitative descriptive method. The study's conclusion shows that archive management at MAN 4 Kota Pekanbaru is currently carried out using manual and online systems. However, there were several challenges and obstacles encountered during the study, so it is recommended to conduct training so that HR skills can be adequately improved and e-office applications can be implemented optimally.
Health Promotion: Trajectory and Current Perspectives
Authors: Alves Ferreira Vanessa , Scorzi Cazelli Pires Ivy , Cosme Ribeiro Milton
Published: May 2022

Health promotion is linked to the living conditions of populations. In the last 40 years, health promotion reappears as a promising strategy for the field of Public Health. The health promotion movement emerged more vigorously from the 1970s onwards in developed countries—Canada, the United States and Western Europe. It is particularly in Canada that the concept of health promotion was revived, with the publication in 1974 of the Lalonde Report (A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians). This document placed health promotion at the level of strategic planning. The Lalonde Report has had a significant impact, providing insights into the recent health promotion movement across the world. Later, in 1978, the World Health Organization (WHO) held the 1st International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma-Ata. This conference emphatically reaffirmed a broad concept of health. Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. This reconceptualization of health was fundamental in this process, as it served as the basis for the current health promotion movement. In this chapter, we intend to recover the trajectory and developments of the concept of health promotion and point out its future perspectives.
The Implications of Replacing Synthetic Antioxidants with Natural Ones in the Food Systems
Authors: Amarachukwu Uzombah Thomas
Published: May 2022

Antioxidants are substances that delay/prevent the autoxidation process of other compounds or neutralize free radicals which are applicable in food processing industries to hinder oxidation, enhance flavor, aroma and color. Types of antioxidants include synthetic and natural ones as the major types, and others as endogenous, exogenous, dietary antioxidants etc. Whereas synthetic antioxidants are products of artificial synthesis, natural antioxidants are products of natural synthesis occurring in plants, animals, and also in bacteria. Though synthetic antioxidants have been associated with side effects that affect health at the long term, their usage in food system was higher from the inception of applications of antioxidants as food preservatives. Hence, the increasing suggestion of their replacement with the natural ones, which the literature associated with benefits like enhancement of food quality, broadening orientations of food to include health interest, promotion of eco-friendly food system/circular economy, processing more composite foods for maximum exploitation of natural antioxidants, in addition to, repositioning food systems as means of reducing/preventing occurrences of some chronic diseases. The replacement may promote interest in increasing values derivable from food systems and facilitate the accomplishment of food safety and food security in every society that makes it part of its food policy.
Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Teaching Profession
Authors: Erick Patience , Tumoyagae Tshephang , Masupe Tiny
Published: May 2022

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common and important occupational health problems in working populations with significant impact on quality of life and a major economic burden from compensation costs and lost income. MSDs decrease productivity at work due to absenteeism, presenteeism and sick leave. During the course of their work, teachers can be subjected to conditions that cause physical and psychosocial illness. Common MSDs among teachers include those affecting the lower back, neck and upper extremities. Research suggests that the aetiology of MSDs is complex and multifactorial in nature. Occupational factors including location of school, carrying heavy loads, prolonged computer use, awkward posture and psychosocial factors such as poor social work environment, high anxiety and low job satisfaction have been found to contribute to development of MSDs. Factors such as high supervisor support and regular physical exercise on the other hand have been found to have a protective effect against MSDs among teachers. The interventions for these conditions need to be contextualized for them to be effective and to take into consideration, the risk factors for these conditions and how they interact with each other.
Technologies for Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater
Authors: Mahmood Tahira , Momin Saima , Ali Rahmat , Naeem Abdul , Khan Afsar
Published: May 2022

Emerging contaminants (ECs) include both natural and man-made compounds that have recently been found to be present in wastewater and have a harmful effect on human health and aquatic environment. Several ECs such as pharmaceuticals, antibacterial, hormones, synthetic dyes, flame retardants are directly or indirectly discharged from hospitals, agricultural, industrial and other sources to the environment. Strategies have been developed to overcome the challenges faced by contaminated water treatment technologists. Advanced treatment technologies such as physical, chemical, and biological methods have been studied for ECs removal as well as for reduction of effluents levels in discharged water. Techniques such as membrane filtration, adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, photodegradation, catalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, ozonation and precipitation, etc., have been investigated. Based on past research, these techniques significantly remove one or more pollutants but are insufficient to remove most of the toxic contaminants efficiently from wastewater. Nanomaterial incorporated technologies may be a proficient approach for removing different contaminants from wastewater. These technologies are costly because of high-energy consumption during the treatment of wastewater for reuse on large scale. Consequently, comprehensive research for the improvement of wastewater treatment techniques is required to obtain complete and enhanced EC removal by wastewater treatment plants.
Choosing the Right Guidewire: The Key for a Successful Revascularization
Authors: Brandão Daniel
Published: May 2022

Even though frequently less considered, the guidewires are the most fundamental tools to track throughout the vessels, to cross stenoses or occlusions, and to be able to deliver the desired therapy to the selected vessel. In this chapter entitled “Choosing the Right Guidewire: The Key for a Successful Revascularization,” the following issues will be thoroughly described: how the guidewires are built and why it is so important to be aware of it; why are there so many different guidewires; what are the possible applications for each guidewire; how to choose the right guidewire in every situation; techniques to cross a stenosis and a chronic total occlusion.
Interaction of Ebola Virus with the Innate Immune System
Authors: Yousefi Parastoo , Tabibzadeh Alireza
Published: May 2022

The Ebola viruses (EBOVs) are known as one the most lethal viruses. EBOV systemic infection can cause damage to vital organs and lead to death. The immune responses of the innate immune system and inflammatory cascade are critical elements in the EBOV pathogenesis and mortality. The primary innate immune system response can shape the adaptive immune responses. The innate immune response, due to the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), can induce interferons (IFN). IFN is a critical element in the antiviral response. The EBOV can evade the IFN and innate immunity using different mechanisms, whereas a well-controlled and sufficient innate immune response is vital for limiting the EBOV infection. In this regard, a hyperactive inflammation response may lead to cytokine storms and death. In this chapter, we have tried to provide a perspective on the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system and its interaction with EBOV infection.
Nanoparticle Based Collagen Biomaterials for Wound Healing
Authors: Neelavara Makkithaya Kausalya , Nadumane Sharmila , Zhuo Guan-Yu , Chakrabarty Sanjiban , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: May 2022

Wounds and infections are extremely common cases that are dealt with in the medical field. Their effective and timely treatment ensures the overall well-being of patients in general. Current treatments include the use of collagen scaffolds and other biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Although the use of collagenous biomaterials has been tested, the incorporation of nanoparticles into these collagenous biomaterials is a fairly new field, whose possibilities are yet to be explored and discovered. The current chapter explores the applications of the amalgamation of collagenous biomaterials with nanoparticles, which themselves are known to be effective in the treatment and prevention of infections.
Ketamine for Chronic Pain
Authors: Yildirim Guclu Cigdem
Published: May 2022

The treatment of chronic pain is a chronic problem for many specialities. It is generally based on an approach with antidepressants, anti-epileptics and opioids as drugs of first choice. It has been worked by many different protocols. Ketamine, which is known as a good anaesthetic, has been used for chronic pain. When the pain has a neuropathic component, ketamine is a promising treatment for pain management. Ketamine: by inhibiting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and having some other effects like enhancement of descending inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects at central sites, takes part in chronic pain management. Besides having analgesic effects, there are some concerns about the side effects of ketamine. Some psychedelic symptoms as hallucinations, memory defects, panic attacks, nausea and vomiting, somnolence, cardiovascular stimulation and sometimes hepatoxicity may be seen in patients. Ketamine is generally well-tolerated in clinical settings. Close monitoring of patients receiving ketamine should be mandatory in order to be aware of central nervous system, haemodynamic, renal and hepatic symptoms as well as abuse.
Rat Electrocardiography and General Anesthesia
Authors: Svorc Jr Pavol , Svorc Pavol
Published: May 2022

General anesthesia is an established and well-known factor with a significant impact on cardiac parameters, which can be a problem in the final evaluation of changes in the individual electrophysiological myocardial parameters after various interventions. The present chapter provides a composite review of published data on electrocardiographic parameters (heart rate, PR interval, P wave duration, P wave amplitude, QRS complex, QT and QTc interval duration, and R wave and T wave amplitude) for in vivo rat experiments under general anesthesia from 130 articles, which were retrieved from a search of the Web of Science database, for articles published mainly between 2000 and 2021. ECG parameters reported as baseline or control values were summarized, and averages with ranges were calculated. It is important to be cautious in interpreting the results of such studies and discussions addressing the mechanisms underlying a given type of arrhythmia, it is important to acknowledge that initial ECG parameters may already be affected to some extent by general anesthesia as well as by sex and the time of day the experiments are performed. Although it is not an original research work, researchers working with rats in the laboratory, who routinely perform anesthesia, can use this as a reference to look into while analyzing their data.
IL-17 Producing T cells as Predictors of Primary Immunodeficiencies in Patients with Candida Infections
Authors: Amirmoeini Mehrdad , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Rahimi Arezou , Nabavi Mohammad , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Armin Shahnaz , Darougar Sepideh , Mesdaghi Mehrnaz
Published: May 2022

Background: IL-17 producing T cells are a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells, which are recognized to have an essential role in protection against certain fungi and extracellular pathogens. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the number of IL-17 producing T cells as a predictor of primary immunodeficiency disorders in patients with Candida infections and low numbers of IL-17 producing T cells. Methods: Seven newly diagnosed patients with documented Candida infections aged between 4 and 35 years were included in this study. Before establishing the diagnosis of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, a thorough immunodeficiency workup, including complete blood count, serum Ig levels and antibody responses, flow-cytometry evaluation, and LTT, was completed for all the patients, and other immunodeficiency disorders, including combined and phagocytic deficiencies, were ruled out. Then, IL-17 producing T cells were detected using antiCD3 and anti-IL-17 antibodies through flow-cytometry evaluation. Results: The IL-17 producing T cells significantly decreased in the peripheral blood of patients with PID and candida infections. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusions: To conclude, in cases of recurrent candida infections, initial assessment of IL-17 producing T cells may act as a predictor of an underlying primary immunodeficiency. In patients with low counts of IL-17 producing T cells, selecting a targeted panel of genetic tests may become more helpful in the detection of certain immunodeficiency disorders than performing whole-exome sequence analysis.
What's Social about Social Epistemology?
Authors: Longino Helen E. ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: May 2022

A thin conception of the social pervades much philosophical writing in social epistemology. A thicker form of sociality is to be found in scientific practice, as represented in much recent history and philosophy of science. Typical social epistemology problems, such as disagreement and testimony, take on a different aspect when viewed from the perspective of scientific practice. Here interaction among researchers is central to their knowledge making activities and disagreement and testimony are resources, not problems. Whereas much of the disagreement and testimony literature assumes some conception of evidence, or that it is obvious what evidence is, a focus on scientific practice reveals that determining what counts as evidence and for what is determined through the discursive interactions among researchers. This paper concludes with questions about the assumptions about knowledge, cognitive agents, and the right starting point for epistemological reflection that shape the mainstream social epistemological approaches.
Spaces of Female Friendship and Sexuality in Silvia Avallone’s Acciaio and Un’amicizia
Authors: Ross Silvia
Published: May 2022

This article examines the representation of friendship between adolescent girls in two novels by Silvia Avallone: Acciaio, published in 2010, and Un’amicizia of 2020. After identifying thematic points of contact between the two texts, which include adolescent coming of age, and the separation from parents as a rite of passage, the question of social class, and literary setting, the article focuses on the girls’ intimate friendship, their corporeal performances of sexuality, and their engagement with their surroundings. The adolescent girls adopt spaces of seclusion, or closet spaces (BROWN 2000), as a means of playing out the domestic sphere, exploring their sexuality and, ultimately, solidifying their friendship. I contend that in both of Avallone’s novels, the centrality of the adolescent girls’ friendship forms an original and highly engaging narrative strategy, as seen in the writer’s exploration of the intensity of the bond between two best friends, including an acknowledgement of same-sex desire. I posit that the writer’s depiction of female friendship is in part influenced by patriarchal norms, not only in her adoption of the male gaze, but also in that the relationship between the two girls is marked by rivalry, jealousy and conflict, thus undermining what might otherwise be deemed a feminist strategy and the potential for female solidarity (RAYMOND 1986).
Reading Little Women after the Italian 1970s: The Influence of Postfeminism on Lidia Ravera’s Reinterpretation of the Classic
Authors: Campofreda Olga
Published: May 2022

Published in two volumes between 1868 and 1869, Little Women by Louisa May Alcott follows the classic coming-of-age structure for female characters as developed in nineteenth-century literature. Although the story is first introduced as that of a family, it instead follows each protagonist on their individual journey towards social recognition, which, for the young March sisters, is gained with marriage. From this perspective, girlhood is a transient stage of life, routed towards the achievement of economic (and emotional) stability.Since its first publication, Alcott’s classic has been widely discussed and subjected to many reinterpretations in literary form, as well as in film and theatrical dramatisation. In this article I focus on the novel Bagna i fiori e aspettami (1986), a rewriting by the Italian author Lidia Ravera composed in the aftermath of the feminist struggles of the seventies. The novel, set in Italy during the eighties, offers the opportunity for the author to integrate the representation of girlhood with the language and images of mass culture. As Carol Lazzaro-Weiss points out in her study on the female Bildungsroman (1993), «women writers are creating new themes and plots and […] they do so by recombining, challenging, and exploiting old structures to their purposes» (18). Bagna i fiori e aspettami offers a good example for studying such literary manipulation. This essay shows how Ravera’s main character anticipates a new idea of femininity which – leaving behind political instances and reflections on gender essentialism – embraces a more individualistic and certainly more problematic approach to female agency influenced by postfeminist discourse (GREER 1999; HOOKS 2000; GAMBLE 2001).
Horizontes digitales complejos en el futuro de la educación 4.0: luces desde las recomendaciones de UNESCO
Authors: Ramírez Montoya María Soledad , McGreal Rory , Obiageli Agbu Jane-Frances
Published: May 2022

La complejidad del cambio constante tiene un impacto global en todos los sectores y especialmente en el ámbito de la educación. Este artículo pretende analizar los posibles horizontes digitales que se vislumbran en el futuro de la educación 4.0 a partir de las recomendaciones de la UNESCO. En particular, las recomendaciones de los recursos educativos abiertos (REA) como soporte estratégico para la transformación digital, para presentar las valiosas aportaciones de los artículos que componen este monográfico. El método seguido fue la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis propositivo. Los resultados muestran aportes para la educación 4.0 vinculados a las recomendaciones de la UNESCO: (a) razonamiento para la complejidad, (b) acceso con plataformas abiertas, (c) soporte digital, (d) nuevas creaciones y (d) solidaridad. También se presentan diez artículos que contribuyen con el conocimiento de la educación 4.0, los recursos educativos abiertos, la ciencia abierta y las prácticas de transformación digital. Los horizontes digitales esbozan procesos para: (a) reconstruir los espacios formativos de las personas; (b) la educación como parte de un nuevo ecosistema inclusivo de formación; (c) la tecnología digital abierta como vehículo de nuevas ideas y vínculos; y (d) co-construir nuevos procesos formativos. Las contribuciones pretenden ser de valor para la comunidad académica, científica y social, interesada en proponer nuevas posibilidades para una educación de calidad, abierta, inclusiva y solidaria.
Gauging the difficulty of image segmentation
Authors: Franaszek Marek
Published: May 2022

Image segmentation is the first step in a complex process of object recognition. This report presents a method to gauge the difficulty of segmentation by calculating a scalar parameter Q for an image. This parameter depends on a distribution of the intensity of the grayscale image and the distribution of the clustering of pixels. It is assumed that images with a smaller number of clusters are easier to segment than images with a large number of clusters. Since segmentation precedes any human perception and categorization, the distribution of parameter Q introduced in this study may be useful in characterizing the variability of images collected in a training database for the development of object recognition algorithms which use Machine Learning (ML) methods. Parameter Q can be especially useful for building a representative dataset of images for training ML algorithms. To demonstrate a link between particular values of Q and different segmentation conditions, a few grayscale images were distorted by some common transformations (like Gaussian noise, median filtering, reduction in grayscale) and the corresponding values of parameter Q were calculated. To demonstrate a possible use of the parameter Q on data other than grayscale images, depth images of flat planar targets taken by two depth cameras were also processed.
Uddannelsesvidenskab – mellem pædagogik og uddannelsesforskning?
Authors: Kristensen Jens Erik
Published: May 2022

I et komparativt perspektiv undersøger artiklen indledningsvist, hvordan og hvorfor koncepterne ’uddannelsesforskning’ og ’uddannelsesvidenskab’ er dukket op i Danmark, Norge og Sverige de seneste to-tre årtier. Det er i alle tre lande sket som led i en primært forskningspolitisk reorganisering og internationalisering af det pædagogiske forskningsfelt, der afspejler en international tendens, hvor den tysk-kontinentale forståelse af pædagogik somen selvstændig forskningsdisciplin er kommet under pres fra en angloamerikansk forståelse baseret på ’educational research’ og ’educational sciences’ som et interdisciplinært forskningsfelt. Artiklen argumenterer for, at det i Danmark især er det policy-orienterede begreb om empirisk, anvendelsesorienteret og evidensbaseret ’uddannelsesforskning’, der siden årtusindskiftet har haft uheldige konsekvenser for den pædagogiske forskning og for forståelsen af pædagogik og pædagogisk praksis i det hele taget. For at indkredse, hvad ’uddannelsesvidenskab’ til forskel fra ’uddannelsesforskning’ på denne baggrund kunne og burde være, argumenteres der i et videnskabsteoretisk og videnspolitisk perspektiv for, at det i dag er blevet nødvendigt at skelne mellem ’videnskab’ og ’forskning’. Sidstnævnte betegner en generaliseret og transdisciplinær form for vidensproduktion, hvor det i mindre grad er videnskabelige normer, kriterier og metoder end den herskende forsknings- og videnspolitik, der afgør, hvad der skal prioriteres og fremmes som acceptabel, relevant og nyttig viden. På denne baggrund diskuteres og vurderes den eksisterende uddannelse i og afdeling for Uddannelsesvidenskab ved DPU, før der afslutningsvis samles op og peges på det spændingsfyldte forhold mellem pædagogik og uddannelsesforskning samt uddannelsesvidenskabens mulige mediering imellem dem.
A crowd of BashTheBug volunteers reproducibly and accurately measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 13 antitubercular drugs from photographs of 96-well broth microdilution plates
Authors: Fowler Philip W , Wright Carla , Spiers Helen , Zhu Tingting , Baeten Elisabeth ML , Hoosdally Sarah W , Gibertoni Cruz Ana L , Roohi Aysha , Kouchaki Samaneh , Walker Timothy M , Peto Timothy EA , Miller Grant , Lintott Chris , Clifton David , Crook Derrick W , Walker A Sarah ,   The Zooniverse Volunteer Community,   The CRyPTIC Consortium
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11–17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing.