bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows of Diyala Province, Iraq
Authors: Tareq Rifaaht Minnat  , Khalid Mahmood Hammadi
Published: January 2024

Mastitis continues to be one of the economically most important diseases in dairy farming. The present study conducted to investigate the clinical mastitis at cow and quarter level based on clinical signs and direct / indirect tests for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in different area of Diyala Province, from November 2013 to April 2014. The total number of samples is 100 from 25 dairy cows. These samples is tested to physical and chemical examination, as well as Somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological examination. Eight (32%) of twenty five cows suffered abnormalities in consistency of milk in which clot, straw color, redness and non-symmetrical quarter of udder.Whenever, 68% of cows passing subclinical mastitis. The result show significant difference at (p<0.05) represented by AMT (88%), WST (85%), chloride test (100%), increased pH (80%) and (97%) SCC. Total number of bacteria species isolated from infected cow by clinical and sub clinical mastitis were 40 isolate caused by gram positive &19 caused by gram negative as follows, Staphylococcus aureus (80.0%) Coagulase negative Stapylococci (20.0%); Pseudomonas areaginosa (26.31%); Pasteurella Spp.(15.79%) , Escherichia coli (15.79 %); Klebsiella Spp.(15.79%) ;Salmonella Spp(15.79%) and Proteus Spp.(10.52%). The study show high prevalence of subclinical mastitis among dairy cattle raised in small private farms at Diyala Province districts.
Location analysis of the collection of the waters of Galal Badra using geographical information system (GIS)
Authors: Awad Ali Sahar Shallal
Published: January 2024

Geographical Information Systems have recently become important advanced means of dealing with data in various scientific studies ,most importantly the hydrological studies .This is because these systems offer meticulous mechanical methods of analyzing location data and connect them with descriptive data helping as in studying the morphometric features of water drain nets by using advanced mechanisms and building a data base with morphometric variables based on advanced data sources such as satellite images and digital elevation models(DEM) ,by which location analyses can be conducted to arrive at varied, quick and precise results, compared to traditional methods .These location information systems ,which follow means of measurement ,analysis and interpretation, can help predict the locations of water basins and offer suggestions and solutions that can enhance future development plans .The morphometric features are generally considered quantitative geomorphological features .These are analytic methods that tackle the phenomena of earth surface by using data collected from contour maps, air images ,satellite images and field studies such as DEM .The analysis of the morphometric features to construct a location data base for Badra Galal valley and to draw the water drain system for the basin as a natural morphometric phenomenon plays a role to determine the use of earth in the water collection process, to benefit from it during the times of dryness; it can also be used to construct a sinking dam in the valley stream and preserve the waters for the purposes of processing the sediments moving through the valley stream and their effect on the sinking dam ,as well as studying the water drain levels during the rainstorms of the wet season.
Improvement the activities of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and tomato plant growth in Wasit Province
Authors: Muammar Abdul Amir Kadhim  , Mohammed Jubair Hanawi  , Hadi Mahdi Aboud
Published: January 2024

This study had been conducted to detect the existence and dispersal of bacteria in the agricultural area in Wasit province and the role of them in controlling root knote nematode .Two genera of bacteria Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were isolated from six locations in Wasit province which were Alsiwarah , Alnuamania , Alahrar , Alhay , Alkut and Algardhia with five isolates of Azotobacter and eight isolates of Pseudomonas . The infectivity study of five Azotobacter isolates revealed that there is a significant differences between the isolates comparing with the control in reduction eggs hatching and the more effective isolates was Azotobacter sp1 ( Az1) with inhibition percentage 95.05% followed by the isolate Azotobacter sp2 (Az2 ) 84.32%. while the study of eight Pseudomonas isolates revealed that the more effective isolates was Ps eudomonas fluorescens2 ( Ps2) ) with inhibition percentage 90.16% and the lowest percentage recorded in the case of the isolate P. fluorescens6 ( Ps6) which was 55.76% . The infectivity study of four selective bacterial isolates (Az1, Az2, Ps1 , Ps2 ) with the fungus Glomus against nematode revealed the highest percentage of reduction in root galling recorded when the tomato plants inoculated with the fungus and the two bacterial isolates( Az1) , ( Ps2) and the number of galls were 3 galls/gm roots comparing with the control 10.6 galls/gm roots and the percentage of reduction 71.69 follwed by the treatment with the fungus and the two bacterial isolates( Az1) , ( Ps1) 68.86 %. The result also revealed that the combination between Glomus and bacterial isolates induced plant growth and increased the criteria of growth parameters. The result also revealed G lomus alone achieved percentage of reduction in root galling recorded when47.16% and the number of galls were 5.6 galls/gm roots comparing with the control 10.6 galls/gm roots.
Determination activities of optimal conditions of peroxidase in hot Pepper and Broccoli
Authors: Ayat Adnan Abbas  , Muhamed Omar Abdulatif
Published: January 2024

The activities of peroxidase (POD) in hot pepper pericarp and broccoli were evaluated using spectrophotometric method. The enzymes were extracted from the pepper pericarp and broccoli 5 g with 20 mL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution pH (7. 0). POD activities were determined using guaiacol as a substrate. The effects of the concentration of enzyme extract, substrate concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH and temperature were investigated. The highest activity of POD was at (2.5 mg /ml) and (2mg/ml) enzyme concentration for hot peper and broccoli respectivily .The highest activity of using guaiacol concentration of 100 mM and 16 mM for hot peper and broccoli respectivily. POD was maximal optimized with guaiacol and 24 mM H2O2. The optimum pH was 6.0 and 7.0 for POD for hot peper and broccoli respectivily . The optimum temperature was 40°C and 30 °C for hot peper and broccoli respectivily. These optimum conditions were used to determine the enzyme activities in hot pepper and broccoli sample.
Measurement the concentrations of the Radon for drinking water samples in Kut city
Authors: Al-Fakhar Mohammed Kasim , Shafik Shakir Shafik  , Khalid Shkir Hussein
Published: January 2024

In this research ten samples of Drinking water from AL-Kut city, were possess to measure the concentration of radon gas using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) LR-115 type II .The result marks obtained are different from 213.2-760.3 Bq/m3, and these values are within the allowed limits, and exhalation dose from drinking water has been calculated which was different from 6.03-19.18 mSv/y with an average of 11.22 mSv/y.
Evaluation of some biochemical and hematological changes caused by chronic cigarette smokers among men in Kut city
Authors: Riyadh Hussein Wally
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to determinate the effect of continuous ciggarette smoking on some biochemical and hematological components of male smokers blood in Al-Kut city, Iraq. The study included two groups with age range between 18-60 years . The first group consists of 40 healthy male subjects, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 3 years , while the second group consist of 42 non-smokers (control group) .The study found that are a significantly increased in ALT and AST liver enzymes activities, increased cholesterol and triglyceride, increased urea and creatinine, increased fasting blood sugar and increase hemoglobin and packed cells volume decreased while, the serum total protein was significantly decreased in compares with non smoker group.
Analysis of the electron energy distribution function and its transport coefficient in SF6-CO2 applied gas mixtuers
Authors: Gulala Muhammad Faraj
Published: January 2024

The Boltzmann transport equation is used to calculate the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and the transport coefficient in pure sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and pure Carbon dioxide (CO2) and their mixtures. The electron swarm parameters are evaluated in the range of These parameters namely are: The Diffusion coefficient of electrons and mean electron energy. The motion of electrons in plasma gas (SF6) and mixing it with (CO2) under an applied uniform electric field is simulated by using the numerical solution ofBoltzmann's transport equation technique. The numerical solutions are utilized within the international computer code kinema-Elendif and written in Fortran 77 language software. The calculated distribution function is found to be remarked non-Maxwillian that has energy variations which reflect the import electron-molecule energy exchange processes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TREADMILL AND OUTDOOR WALKING TO REHABILITATION OF CALF TEARS INJURY
Authors: Haidar Naeem Romi
Published: January 2024

To evaluate exercise capacity, velocity of gait and cardio respiratory status in recreational athletes who injuries rehabilitation of calf tears injury had received two different walkingexercises. Design: Randomized control trial.Subjects: Sixty seven male and female recreational athletes participated in the study and three dropped out. Interventions: Treadmill training and outdoor walking for three weeks.Outcome measures: Six minute walk test, ten meter walk test, pulse rate and blood pressure.Results: Participant compliances with their respective programs were 100%. There was significant difference in the mean increase of score of participants who performed out door walking and treadmill walking in 6 minute walk test (t=10.103, p< 0.0001 with 62df) and 10 meter walk test (t= 7.371,p <0.0001 with 62df).Further, there was no significant difference in pulse rate(t=0, p >0.9999 with 62df) and systolic blood pressure(t=1.890, p=0 with 62df), and diastolic blood pressure(t=0, p =0.9999 with 62df).Conclusion: Treadmill can be used as an effective option for improving exercise capacity and velocity of gait in rehabilitation of calf tears injury
Seasonal distribution study of mosquito species (Culicidae: Diptera) in Al- Naamania salt Basin north western
Authors: Zainab Abdul Al-Ammer Kadhem  , Al-Sariy Jameel Saad , Salih Mahdi Ali
Published: January 2024

The influence of physical and chemical parameters on the abundance and diversity of Mosquito Species were studied in Al- Naamania Salt Basin North Western Al-kut City during a period of seven months (October 2012- April 2013).Three species belong to three genera of Culicidae were identified from a total of (339) larvae: Aedes caspius (Pallas) (66.o7%) was the most abundant during the period of the study,Culex pipiens (Linnaeus) (18.58%) and Culiseta longiareolata (Macquarrt) (10.02%) .During this study, some of Physicochemicals parameters, such as water pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), water temperatur , water salinity (NaCl), Electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. The results from Statistical analysis showed that Aedes caspius has significant positive correlation with EC (P>0.001) and positive correlation but not significant with NaCl, TDS, PH and temperature. Culex pipiens has negative correlation not significant with EC, NaCl, TDS, PH and temperature. Finally Culiseta longiareolata has negative significant correlation with EC, PH (p>0.05) and temperature (p>0.01) also its has negative correlation but not significant with NaCl and TDS. According to principal component analysis (PCA) there are no relationships between the species themselves.
Monthly variations of some physical and chemical properties for Al-Garraf River one of the main Tigris branches at Al-Haay City
Authors: Wisam Thamier Al-Mayah  , Muhammad Naffie Al-Azzawi
Published: January 2024

Monthly variations in Physio-chemical parameters of Al-Garraf, one of the main tributaries of the Tigris river were investigated from October 2012 to April 2013. The study location situated in the south-eastern sector of Iraq and surrounded by wide and fertile agricultural lands. Three stations were selected to. The former is located at 2 km of AL-Haay City as control. The second is situated at distance 2 km away from the former represented study area and the latter station is located at 4 km apart from the second one. Collecting samples monthly, two samples were taken each month . In the present study fourteen physical and chemical parameters were analyzed based on the importance of these parameters. These Fourteen parameters are ranged as following: air temperature (16 to 32) ºC, water temperature (11 to 26) ºC, pH (7.05to 8.35), E.C. (827 to1558) μS/cm, salinity ( 0.54 to 0.99) ppt, DO (7.04 to 10.38) mg/L , BOD ( 0.90 to 7.01) mg/L ,turbidity (31.0 to 177.0) NTU, TDS (550.78 to 1108) mg/L , TSS (38 to 636.5) mg/L 080, T.H (275 to 500) mg/L , Cl- (89 to 184.6) mg/L, NO3 (5.7 to 15.76) mg/L and PO4 (0.15 to 0.5) mg/L.
Temperature Variation Effect on Behavior of Block Copolymer of 2- Isopropenylnaphthalene and Methacrylic Acid in Ethanol
Authors: Abaies Jawad Kadhim
Published: January 2024

Fluorescence spectra of dilute solution of blockcopolymer of 2- Isopropenylnaphthalene and methacrylic acid ( 2- IPN – MA) in ethanol have been measured in temperature range of 9.5 – 50˚C . The fluorescence spectra show two emission bands at 342 nm and 387nm corresponding to monomer and excimer bands, respectively. From temperature dependent fluorescence measurements a plot of excimer to monomer intensity ratio ( IE/IM ) versus temperature was obtained , which shows that ( IE /IM ) value increases linearly in the temperature range of 9.5-25˚C and sharp increasing at a bout 35˚C ,then IE/IM increases smoothly above 35˚C . These results Indicate that the conformational change of the polymer chain from contraction form to expansion form takes place at about 35˚C.
Extraction and purification of lectins from mushroom and study its agglutination activity
Authors: Al-Obaydi Shams Naif Zaiel
Published: January 2024

Lectin is a type of protein that found in most common kinds of nutrients. The human body is unable to digest it, therefore lectin passes through a gastrointestinal tract and linked to sugar. It is importance lactin bind to have an immune response, as it gains the body’s immunity, meaning it is used as an antioxidant. To extract lactin protein from mushroom, the worked utilized 1 kg of mushroom for all three steps. The first step involved cell destruction and extraction by transferring 1kg of mushroom into distilled water (100 mL), and the addition of sodium chloride (11.7 g) in mixer then filtered by gauzes and filter paper. The second step includes precipitation process using five different concentrations of ammonia sulphate of (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 %) for 50 mL of the extract mushroom. The final step involved dialysis by semipermeable membrane made of cellulose acetate or nitrocellulose. The result of extraction process is indicated by spectrophotometer from measurement the sample that precipitated using ammonia sulphate. Moreover, the extracted, the purified lectin protein from fungi was utilized as antibiotic against diseases.
Sub-chronic Effects of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles on Ovary, Gills, Kidney and Liver of Fresh Water Fish (Cyprinus carpio): histopathological Study
Authors: Ayad Ghazi Hashim  , Al-Fatlawy Yaaroub Faleh Khalaf
Published: January 2024

Concerns have been raised about the potential environmental dangers connected with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) entering aquatic systems due to the growing use of ZnO NPs in various fields. This study looked about how freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio) respond to sub-chronic exposure to ZnO NPs through food. Common carp (C. carpio) from nearby fish hatcheries were employed in this investigation (city of Madaan, south of Baghdad). These fish had an approximate length and weight of 15-18 cm and 120-5 gram, respectively. Once every day, fish fed commercial fish meal. They were acclimated in 40 L aquariums (60 x 40 x 50 cm) with continuous aeration and 16- and 8-hours photoperiod for 12 days prior to the commencement of the experiment. For six weeks, two groups of fishes were treated to doses of 250 and 500 mg/l. Samples were taken six weeks after the ZnO NPs exposure. Five fish from every ZnO NPs treated group as well as the associated controls were taken out, killed, and preserved in formalin after necessary exposure times for tissue samples (liver, gills, kidney, and ovaries). The tissues samples exhibit pathological changes as a result, particularly at concentrations of 500 mg/l of Zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Effect of Flow Resistance through a Narrow Catheterized Stenosed Artery: Analytical Study
Authors: Hawraa Dheyaa Asfoor  , Al-Nussairy Esam A.
Published: January 2024

In this research, we present an analytical study of the effect of resistance to flow blood through a narrowed artery for catheterization. Vascular diseases are among the most common diseases in countries of the world that can cause cerebral clots or strokes. Where stenosis is the occurrence of abnormal growth on the artery wall, which causes obstruction, in the movement of blood flow, the current model simulates the study of blood flow, given that the blood is Newtonian, incompressible, and steady, with a viscosity and density constant. It was built mathematically to describe the movement of the physiological fluid that represents blood in a gap between two eccentric tubes, where the inner tube is a solid and unified one that represents the moving catheter. While the other is a tapered cylindrical one that represents the artery with overlapping stenosis, where the insertion of the stenosis leads to a change in the blood characteristics (axial velocity, flux and resistance) .The current results showed that the increase in the axial velocity of the stationary catheter is much higher than that of the fixed one, and that the flow resistance increases with the stenosis of the artery.
Detection of some genetic mutations in H-Ras gene in acute and chronic leukemia
Authors: Ali Mazahem Al-Khuzae  , Abdul Hussein M. Al-Faisal  , Aseel Razaq Al-Rekaabi  , Mahdi Saber G. Al-Deresawi
Published: January 2024

Leukemia is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide in men, women and children with high rate of mortality. Fifty samples of blood were collected from Iraqi patients who were clinically diagnosed by the consultants of the National Center of Hematology and Medical City and 25 healthy as a control group. By direct sequencing in Macrogen company for PCR products ; nineteen mutations were detected in codon 61 of H-ras gene in acute leukemia patients , 11 of them (57.89%) were substitutions and 8 (42.1%) were deletions. Moreover, the adenine found to involve in 14 (73.68%) of 19 mutations in AML detected in this study. Most of A abnormalities involve either trans version with C and T (7 transversions) or deletion of A. H-ras mutations were also detected in chronic leukemia patients, the H- ras mutations was 12 mutations including 7 (58.33%) deletions and 5 substitutions (41.66%) .
Recovery of molybdenum from (Co – Mo / - Al2O3) spent catalyst
Authors: Al-Anbakey Ahmed Mahdi , Hussan Alwan Mohssen  , Majid Ibrahim Jaleel
Published: January 2024

In the present research, hydro – desulfurization spent catalyst with an alumina base has been found to be as a source for molybdenum recovery. It was compose of 19 - 30 % of molybdenum as MoO3. Two methods were used for the recovery of molybdenum. First method was using H2S gas for precipitation of Co as CoS, and the precipitation of Mo has been done by HCl acid solution addition. The second method was the alkali leaching of spent catalyst and recovery of molybdenum using dilute NH4OH solution and then the precipitation of molybdenum as trioxide using HCl solution. The optimum conditions were predicated for the recovery of molybdenum, and different parameters were studied such as the alkali concentration and leaching time.
Kinetic studies of polystyrene using non - isothermal degradation by TGA
Authors: Al -Bayaty Subhi Abdul Sattar
Published: January 2024

The kinetic analysis was carried out for thermal degradation by using of Thermo gravimetric analysis TGA analysis of polystyrene (PS 120) produced by Sabic company , using models of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa , Friedman, Kissinger , Coats-Redfern, dynamic, and Horowitz-Metzger methods. Activation energy was determined . The experiments were conducted at five heating rates of 5,10,15,20,25 Co/min. The temperature range of 30 - 775 Co under helium as inert gas was used with flow rate 20 ml/min . The obtained activation energy dependences are interrupted, the thermal degradation which follows random scission pathway, average activation energy obtained was 230 KJ/mol . This value was compared with published data and was found in a good agreement.
Zno nanoparticles: Synthesis and crystal structure study
Authors: T. A. Al-Dhahir  , Entisar E. Al-Abodi  , Tagreed. M. Al-Saadi  , Latif Issam
Published: January 2024

(Zn(NO2)2.6H2O) and (NaOH) are used for synthesis ZnO nanostructures by one step reaction at 80℃ . X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern referes polycrystalline nature with a hexagonal structure. Rietveld refinement (curried out by fullprof software) of XRD patterns a provide accurate values for the lattice parameter a=3.250353 0.00009 Å , c=5.207006 0.00020Å where c/a ratio is 1.601981. The average crystalline size was calculated by Debye-Scherrer method about 30 nm. The effects of strain in X- ray line broadening of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated by Williamson-Hall method revealed that the peak broadening is not only due to reduced coherently diffracting domain size but also due to a significant strain distribution. The extracted particle size is about 31.5 nm and internal lattice strain value was found to be 6*10-4. The morphological and topographical studies were carried out by using scanning electron microscopy SEM, the average particle size is matched with that obtained by Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods.
Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of chlorpromazine HCl based on releasing of sodium persulphate from hydrogel beads, study and applications
Authors: Issam Mohammed  Ali Shakir  , Mohamme Jasim Hamzah Al-Kaffiji
Published: January 2024

A new mode for the FIA method was developed for the estimation of Chlorpromazine HCl(CPH) in pure and pharmaceutical formulation based on the releasing of the oxidizing agent sodium persulphate from the body the hydrogel beads leads to oxidation of drug to pink color product. Homemade FI photometer, single hydrogel bead and green light emitting diod were used for this application. The optimum conditions were 1ml.min-1 flow rate, 100μL injected sample volume, 15sec as purge time of injected sample volume, 0.5mol.L-1 of sodium persulphate that gel bead soaked in and 3hours of soaking time for hydrogel bead inside sodium persulphate solution. The linear range for the variation of instrument response with CPH concentrations was 0.17-0.80mmol.L-1, While the limit of detection (L.O.D) was 0.108x10-8M from the stepwise dilution of the minimum concentration in the linear range. The correlation coefficient(r) was 0.9945. The method was applied successfully for the determination of CPH in pharmaceutical preparation, and paired t-test indicate that there was no significant differences between the new method and the reported method , so on that base the new method can be used as an alternative analytical method.
Effect The Finalizations Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube on The Characteristics of Polypyrrole Thin Films
Authors: Ghada A. Kadhim  , Walaa M. Aliradha  , Amer A. Ramadhan
Published: January 2024

The nanocomposite (PPy/fMWCNT) is prepared via electrochemical polymerization onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass for pyrrole (Py) monomer with oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and various concentration from functionalized multi wall carbon nanotube fMWCNT (0.01, 0.02) in the 130 mL from distilled water. The structure, morphology and optical properties of thin films were investigated via X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Filed Emission Scanning Electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that the prepared thin films are of polycrystalline structure at 2θ= (25, 42)o. The band gap of thin films decreases from 2.4 to 2.09 eV as the fMWCNT increased from 0.01 to 0.02 M, whereas FTIR showing the distinctive bonds of these films
Protective role of Multi-strain Probiotic Bacteria against Eimeria in Broilers
Authors: Raad Saad Sultan
Published: January 2024

In the present research, two trials were conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of multi-strain probiotic bacteria in broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria brunetti or Eimeria mivati. In the present study, we examined oocysts shedding; antibody immune responses and histopathology differences of broilers fed the commercial probiotic Poultry Star Me (PSM). Day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed either a regular broiler diet or one of two probiotic diets supplemented with 0.1% PSM or 0.2% PSM. Chicks were orally challenged with 5000 or 10000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria brunetti or with 5000 Eimeria mivati oocysts on day 10 or 12 of age, respectively. In Eimeria brunette and Eimeria mivati-infected birds, the PSM 0.1% group showed reduction in oocyst shedding in birds infected with 5000 Eimeria oocysts as compared with the other two groups. In Eimeria mivati-infected birds, Eimeria-0.05) in the PSM fed groups, especially in the PSM 0.1% birds, compared with the regular diet group. These results demonstrate that this PSM probiotic effectively enhances the immune resistance of birds and protects against the negative growth effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria infestation), particularly when supplemented at 0.1% PSM of the diet. Histopathology changes revealed normal architecture and greater vilus height was obtained in ileum with the use of PSM in relation to the control group. Multi-strain probiotic bacteria interfere with the pathogen binding sites and produce antimicrobial peptides and induce host immune responses especially mucosal surfaces immunity, thus enhancing resistance against enteric intestinal pathogens like Eimeria spp.
FABRACATION TECHNIQUES OF NATURAL POLYMER IN DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ali Mohamad Ali Abdul Amir Al-Mokaram
Published: January 2024

Natural polymer-based nanomaterials have been developed to overcome the bionanocomposites. Chitosan (CS) and mineral clays are renewable friendly compounds owing their properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. These valuable properties, among others, fabricate the CS- based bionanocomposites in extremely interesting materials for a variety of applications, including drug delivery, medical and pharmaceutics purposes. The signafecant of processing approaches and characterization methods, as well as aspect associated to their biopharmaceutics and drug release behaviors for controlled and targeted drug delivery systems.
Infection of Enterobius vermicularis and its relationshipe with Psychological and behavioural patternes among children. “ Adignostic study on Basra's governor children”.
Authors: Mustafa Fatin Abdul-Jabbar
Published: January 2024

The Enterobius vermicularis is one of the nematode which is widly spread all over the world, mainly in the cool places unlike other worms where they live in tropical areas. This parasite is available among low- socio – economic status families, orphan homes and mentally care houses, as well as it is spread among children and adolecenses of both sexes ( male and female). This nematode is characterized with bright white color and moves actively through the digestive tract from the stomach to the anus. The aim of the present study is to detect the relationship between the infection of this nematode among students and their Psychological and behavioral status as a result of the negative. Psychology and healthy influences, Which also influences in a negative manner on their performance and study achievements. The practical aspect of this study was conducted by (113) sample (cellophane tape) collected randomly from some families in Basrah s governer from July to December at the year 2005 for both places urban and rural district families included (41) females and (72) males . In order to know the illness and Psychological syptoms for the sample , the researchers has been constructed two Questionaris, one of the illness symptoms included (26) items, the other dealing with Psychological symptomos included (27) items measured, tention and anxiety, habits, pelition, Psychological tired, eating foods and bed disorder. Also the behavioural indicator that refers to infected with this nematoda. The researchers had been applied the two Questionaris on the sample who their ages between early childhood stage to the beginning of the adolecenses stage. The researchers used Fischer formula, and percentage weight formula as a statistically analysis for the data study. The results had shown the relationship and the direct negative influences on the Psychological and behovioural patterens on the children who infected with this nematoda.According to the different percentage in responses on the items of the two Questionaris for this study . The researchers recommended most important for the healthy aspects, more care for the children and their mother s as well as the early Diagnosis for this cases.
The Diffusion Dependence on the Geometry of a Laser discharge containing a mixture of CO and N2 Gases
Authors: Faraj Gulala Mohammad
Published: January 2024

In this study a gas mixtures [CO+N2] are mixed with a specified ratio of 9:1 (N2:CO).The reason for this mixing is that the molecular weight are very close to each other.The main parameters in question to be studied are the diffusion coefficient of the discharge and the related constants to it. The main calculations held that were concerned the plasma discharge operation of optimum thermodynamic constants [Total pressure of 3mb and the discharge temperature of 450Ko]. The results were consistent and very optimum compared with their experimental values, and the optimum circumstance was prepared to use them as an active mediumfor a high power molecular gas laser.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Al-Daghara River with Survey of Epipelic Algae/Middle of Iraq.
Authors: Alasady Raid Kadhim Abed , Alkam Foad Monhir , Haider Abdul wahid
Published: January 2024

The Physico-chemical properties and epipelic algae in Al-Daghara river were studied during the period from November 2007 to April 2008 .Three stations were selected , the water quality of the river was alkaline,very hard, oligohaline and well oxygenated . Carbon dioxide concentration were variable according to different sites. Among the of 117 species algal taxa were identified , the dominance was to Bacillariophyceae 74% followed by Chlorophyceae 14% then Cyanophyceae 12% . The highest algal total number of epipelic algae was in station (1) in March 2008 about 8.333×104 cell/cm2. The lower algal number was in the same stationat in December 2.291×104 cell/cm2 .The most dominant species were Cocconies placentula , Fragilaria crotonensis , Nitzschia vermicularis . N. sigmoedia .
POROSITY, PERMEABILITY AND TORTUOSITY RELATIONSHIP IN BINARY SPHERICAL PARTICALS
Authors: Hashim Huda Ridah
Published: January 2024

The complexity of processes in industry, which involved the formation of granular beds, has limited information about permeability (k), which is directly related with packing porosity ε and tortuosity T. For an understanding of the relationship between k, ε and T in mixed beds of particles that are different in size, simplified porous media model of binary mixture of spheres have been. A continuous function relating the porosity of a mixture (ε) with the volume fraction (xD) of binary mixture has been established. The incorporation of the proposed porosity model into the conventional Kozeny-Carmen equation gives a good agreement between the measured and predicted permeability vs.xD. Based on this relation and on the dependence of ε vs.xD, a model predicted tortuosity and permeability was obtained, having demonstrated that the tortuosity may significantly alter the permeability of a mixed bed. This search is useful for transport phenomena analysis in granular beds as well as in engineering applications, such as deep bed filtration used for drinking water purification.
The Interaction between High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves with Plasma and the Effect of Negative Ions Existence on the Power Absorption Capability
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Ahmed Khudair Abbas
Published: January 2024

The interaction between the incident, high frequency, electromagnetic waves with plasma layer shows that the existence of negative ions and the non-linear effect reduces the power absorption capability of the plasma. In this research we study and discuss all parameters of the great influence in this process depending on many important equations, like the Maxwell equations, current response of the plasma equation, multi – fluid momentum equation and the continuity equation. Numerical simulations based on the finite- difference- time- domain approximation to multi- fluid equations for the positive ions, negative ions and electrons are used to study high frequency electromagnetic waves propagation and absorption in an unmagnetized plasma layer. A good agreement in the comparison between the simulations in this work and the experimental results in the previous works is shown.
Studying the effect of moisture content and temperature of corn stored in ware - houses and out – doors for production and deter mination of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Ali Amina Mohmmed
Published: January 2024

This experiment was conducted at the drying and thrushing of maize cob mill . Ministry of Agriculture , Baghdad at the Mycotoxins Laboratory , Plant Protection Dep.. Coll . of Agriculture , Uni . of Baghdad. This study aimed to study the effect of moisture content and temperature of corn stored in ware- houses and out – doors for production and determination of Aflatoxin B1. 1200 Kg of corn crops were used for our experiment, and were divided each 600 Kg stored out – doors and in doors respectively . Samples had been taken for (7) months by using stratified random sampling method. Results showed that the production of Aflatoxin B1in ware –houses was higher than that of out – door storage in three periods ( the middle of December , the middle of January, the middle of February ) . The temperature effect was stronger than moisture content and the Aflatoxin B1 was increased with higher temperature between ( 13- 32.8) wareas the decrease moisture content of corn in out –door was higher than that of where –houses storage ratio (5.8) .According to The above results , it was concluded that out- door storage was suitable for storing grain corn when compared to warehouse storage from the point of secretion of Aflatoxins. Whereas, the warehouse storage was better than out- door storage for moisture was being lost in local storage.
El turismo rural comunitario, un campo de estudio emergente: Un análisis desde la teoría fundamentada
Authors: Llano Fabián Andrés
Published: January 2024

The following article carries out an analysis from the grounded theory of the conceptualization carried out by some studies on rural community tourism. This review is carried out based on research strategies such as theoretical sampling and the constant comparison method, with the purpose of highlighting the main relationships, articulations and conceptualizations in the field of studies on rural community tourism. This discussion allows us to clarify the limits and scope when addressing different research within this emerging field of knowledge. Rather than strengthening this field with the discourses of sustainable tourism, it is advisable to achieve higher levels of specificity in the theories and methodologies that can be used in this field of knowledge that links the rural in its connection with the community
Comparative Analysis of Monetary Transaction Cost of Human-Wildlife Conflict in Mt. Kenya and Amboseli Ecosystems, Kenya
Authors: Manoa David , Mwaura Francis
Published: January 2024

Historically, HWC has been reported in the form of crop raiding, livestock predation, property damage, human attacks, disease transmission and ignored hidden costs (HC) such as compensation transaction costs. The HC of HWC are costs that are uncompensated, temporally delayed, or of psychosocial nature. HC of HWC are not recognised in Kenya’s Wildlife Conservation and Management Act (WCMA) 2013 and are scantly researched to inform compensation policy decisions; yet people in Amboseli ecosystem (AE) and Mt. Kenya Ecosystem (MKE) incur these HC. The aim of this study is to estimate and compare the monetary transaction costs (MTC) of HWC in Kenya, using AE and MKE as case studies. Time Value for Money concept was used to estimate transaction costs as Future Value of the delayed compensation (Present Value) for respondents who had not been paid over 1-year period. MTC from uncompensated human fatalities resulted to the highest loss in both MKE (KES 228,763.89/US$1628.79) and AE (KES 152,462.33/US$1085.53). Generally, both AE and MKE lost an average of KES 410,168.04 due to delayed payment of compensation claims for one year alone. MTC arising from crop damage (t=2.175, d.f=217, p=0.031) was significantly different in AE and MKE, with respondents in AE expecting KES 17,081.839 (US$121.62) more than those in MKE. MTC were more in AE than MKE due to the differences in the human population, land use practices and physical barriers in the two ecosystems. The HC are key driver to community resentments due to the substantial money and time spent and not compensated. There is a need to review WMCA 2013 to incorporate the transaction cost of HWC and ways of minimizing delay in compensating victims of HWC.
Applying Machine Learning to Ecological Momentary Assessment Data to Identify Predictors of Future Loss-of-control Eating and Overeating in Adolescents: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Hagan Kelsey E. , Leenaerts Nicolas , Walsh B. Timothy , Ranzenhofer Lisa
Published: January 2024

Several factors (e.g., interpersonal stress, affect) prospectively predict loss-of-control eating (LOCE) and overeating in adolescents, but most past research has tested predictors separately. We applied machine learning to simultaneously evaluate multiple possible predictors of future LOCE and overeating in pooled and person-specific models. Twenty-six adolescents (80.77% female; age = 15.86 1.65 years, BMI %ile = 92.77 9.05) who endorsed 2 past-month LOCE episodes completed EMA ratings over one week. Pooled models were fit to the aggregated data with elastic net regularized regression and evaluated using nested cross-validation. Person-specific models were fit and evaluated as proof-of-concept. Across adolescents, the median out-of-sample R2 of the pooled prediction models to identify LOCE was 0.21. The top predictors were between-subjects craving, feeling sad, being in a conflict, stress level (inverse association), feeling angry/mad (inverse association), and within-subjects wishing relationships were better. The median out-of-sample R2 for the pooled overeating model was 0.28. The top predictors were between-person craving, feeling lonely, mixed race, and feeling rejected (inverse association), and within-subjects guilt, nervousness, and feeling scared (inverse association). Person-specific models demonstrated poor fit (median LOCE R2 = .002, median overeating R2 = -.002); 57% and 40% of adolescents’ models performed better than chance for LOCE and overeating, respectively. Altogether, group-level models hold utility in predicting future LOCE and overeating, but model performance for person-specific models is variable. Ultimately, a mix of these approaches may improve the identification of momentary predictors of LOCE and overeating, providing novel and personalized opportunities for intervention.
Explore-exploit behaviors predict broad autism social phenotypes in general population
Authors: Knep Evan , Yan Xinyuan , Chen Cathy S. , Jacob Suma , Darrow David P , Ebitz Becket , Grissom Nicola , Herman Alexander B
Published: January 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is most often defined by social communication challenges and behavioral rigidity, but executive function deficits have long been considered potential contributors to autism-related impairments across these domains. Autism is a spectrum, with a broad range of phenotypes presenting below the diagnostic threshold, raising the possibility that variability in executive function may contribute to individual differences in autistic traits in the general population. Value based decision making tasks access aspects of executive function, and critically are amenable to computational approaches to dissect the latent variables that most contribute to individual differences in cognition. We capitalize on this approach to uncover the relationship between autistic traits as measured by the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) and explore-exploit balance in a three-armed restless bandit decision making task in a large (1001 participants) sample. We find that the BAPQ aloof subscale, which primarily describes social behavior related phenotypes, most strongly explains changes in choice behaviors, including sensitivity to outcomes, changes in choice flexibility, and level of exploration as inferred from a Hidden Markov Model. Canonical correlation analysis reveals that the strongest loading for these non-social reward related measures are in fact socially coded items. These findings suggest that different aspects of executive function challenges may be related to social and nonsocial autism-related behaviors in the general population, and that social components of behavior produce measurable differences in nonsocial tasks.
Contact with children among older European parents: Does digital communication substitute or accumulate with traditional contact?
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Failli Dalila
Published: January 2024

Guided by the intergenerational solidarity model and leveraging rich data from the European Social Survey round 10 (2020-2022), we examine different forms of contact between parents aged 60 or above and their children.Results highlight considerable variability in contact prevalence across countries, with frequent face-to-face meetings still being the prevalent form of frequent parent-child contact. In almost all countries we find evidence of accumulation between traditional contact (face-to-face and telephone) and between digital forms of contact (video and messages). Digital contact also accumulates with traditional remote contact via telephone, challenging assumptions of new technologies replacing older communication tools. Only in some countries we find evidence of substitution effects between face-to-face and digital contact.Emotional closeness emerges as a universal driver of contact of all forms, while geographical proximity shapes face-to-face interactions. Internet use and digital skills positively associate with digital contact. Notably, the study also identifies factors influencing accumulation or substitution effects between contact forms. Our findings suggest that fostering digital inclusion among older adults is crucial, emphasizing the role of digital literacy in maintaining familial connections. Overall, our study provides insights into adapting familial bonds amidst the digital transformation.
A Two-Step Etchant to Reveal Grain Boundaries in Multiple Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Papageorge Wayne , Beach Elvin , Janas Greg
Published: January 2024

This article reports on development of a versatile new technique that fills the need for grain etching in multiple aluminum alloy series. The procedure is a two-step etch that combines an attack etchant with a stain etchant to reveal grain structure of 2000, 5000, 6000, and 7000 series aluminum alloys. This entry won the prestigious DuBose-Crouse Award for unique, unusual, and new techniques in microscopy at the 2022 International Metallographic Contest.
The VENUS Imaging Beamline at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Bilheux Hassina Z. , Hanks R. Aaron , Bilheux Jean-Christophe , Skorpenske Harley , Donnelly Mary-Ellen , Molaison Jamie , Byrd Amy
Published: January 2024

Wavelength-dependent or hyperspectral imaging is a novel nondestructive characterization technique in the field of neutron radiography and computed tomography. A dedicated facility named VENUS is currently being built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to provide these characterization capabilities for academia, industry, and other national laboratories. This feature article describes the VENUS capabilities for materials science and engineering, provides a quick overview of the modes of access of the facility, and illustrates the nondestructive measurements and interpretation of results.
Utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Plastics Failure Analysis
Authors: Jansen Jeffrey A.
Published: January 2024

This article explores one of the most commonly used analytical techniques in plastic component failure analysis—Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—along with a case study to demonstrate its use.
Evaluating Parental Knowledge and Awareness of Oral Care for Preschool Children in Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: Arifin Nur Dina Farhani , Hasan Haliza
Published: January 2024

Background: Good oral health is an essential component of general health. Children's dental health, in general, is greatly influenced by their oral health. Parents significantly influence their children's lives and motivate them to maintain good dental health. This study aims to determine the parents' knowledge and awareness of preschoolers’ oral care in Kuantan, Pahang.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used to evaluate parents' knowledge and awareness of preschool oral care in Kuantan, Pahang. A total of 134 parents who have children aged between 4 and 6 years old at the registered kindergarten with the Department of Social Welfare that fulfil the inclusion criteria were recruited using the convenience sampling method. Descriptive and correlation statistical analysis were employed in this study. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic version 28.0
Results: This study reported that most participants were parents of more than 32 years, completed tertiary education level, and had monthly income between RM4,000 – RM10,000, with 53.7%, 70.1%, and 38.8%, respectively. Regarding knowledge level, more than half of parents had high knowledge (73.1%) of children’s oral care, and all parents had positive awareness (100%). There is no significant correlation between the level of knowledge and awareness with r=0.138 and p-0.112.
Conclusion: Educational status may be associated with the knowledge level of children’s oral care. However, education may not influence parents’ awareness of pre-schooler’s children’s oral care. Thus, more awareness programmes on children’s oral care should be implemented in the community.