bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Profiles of Public Service Motivation Among Frontline Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Morin Geneviève , Talbot David
Published: May 2024

Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has placed additional pressure on the supply of healthcare services. This study aims to explore profiles of public service motivation among healthcare workers during a pandemic. A total of 318 questionnaires were completed for two measurement times (T1, n = 171 and T2, n = 147). The study’s mixed-method design identified three profiles: (1) The devoted, (2) the disenchanted, and (3) the limited self-sacrificing. Results also revealed three main factors that may affect motivation in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) valorization, (2) leadership, and (3) job design. This study contributes to a better understanding of the organizational and human issues of motivation for public service during a pandemic.
Contagious Stock Price Crashes Along the Supply Chain
Authors: Qiu Buhui , Xu Fangming , Yeung Andy CL , Zeng Cheng (Colin)
Published: May 2024

Although risk management is widely regarded as an important topic within supply chain (SC) management, little research studies the contagious effect of risk factors along SC networks. By using stock price crashes as an indicator of risk factors, our study reveals that stock price crash risk can be transmitted from major customers to suppliers with a delay of up to two weeks. We show that the information opacity of suppliers is a factor that potentially contributes to the delayed crash contagion. We also find that the contagion effect becomes more pronounced as the importance of customers increases. Moreover, customer operational incidents have a more pronounced contagion effect on suppliers compared to customer financial incidents. Additionally, we find that suppliers tend to take strategic measures following the stock price crashes of their major customers, including diversifying their customer base, enhancing operational efficiency, and improving product quality. However, among these actions, only the improvement of operational efficiency effectively mitigates the adverse impact of customer stock price crashes on suppliers. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the distribution of risk factors across SC networks, highlighting the critical role of operational improvements in bolstering the resilience of firms to SC risks.
Structural Racism as a Contributor to Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Among Black Populations in the United States
Authors: Robinson-Oghogho Joelle N. , Alcaraz Kassandra I. , Thorpe Roland J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Although racial disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality have diminished in recent years, lung cancer remains the second most diagnosed cancer among US Black populations. Many factors contributing to disparities in lung cancer are rooted in structural racism. To quantify this relationship, we examined associations between a multidimensional measure of county-level structural racism and county lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among Black populations, while accounting for county levels of environmental quality.

Methods

We merged 2016-2020 data from the United States Cancer Statistics Data Visualization Tool, a pre-existing county-level structural racism index, the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2006-2010 Environmental Quality Index (EQI), 2023 County Health Rankings, and the 2021 United States Census American Community Survey. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to examine associations between county-level structural racism and county-level lung cancer incidence and mortality rates.

Results

Among Black males and females, each standard deviation increase in county-level structural racism score was associated with an increase in county-level lung cancer incidence of 6.4 (95% CI: 4.4, 8.5) cases per 100,000 and an increase of 3.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 4.6) lung cancer deaths per 100,000. When examining these associations stratified by sex, larger associations between structural racism and lung cancer rates were observed among Black male populations than among Black females.

Conclusion

Structural racism contributes to both the number of new lung cancer cases and the number of deaths caused by lung cancer among Black populations. Those aiming to reduce lung cancer cases and deaths should consider addressing racism as a root-cause.
Long-Term Care Insurance and Public Policy: An Analysis of Obstacles to Utilization
Authors: Conrad Cynthia E. , Costello Ann
Published: May 2024

This article investigates, the phenomenon of long-term care insurance and the policy environment in which it has evolved. Further discussion focuses on the obstacles that may exist to wide acceptance of long-term care insurance by those who derive the most benefit from the protection it could provide. The authors review the role of employers and the advantages of long-term care insurance as an employee benefit as compared to individual policies.
The Changing Psychological Contract at Work and Employee Burnout
Authors: Pines Ayala Malach
Published: May 2024

Today we stand in a vortex of technological, economic, and cultural changes that altered dramatically the world of labor and with it the psychological contract between employers and employees. While the effects of the changed contract at work are usually addressed from an organizational, social or economic perspective, the current article addresses it from a psychological perspective from which one noteworthy cost of the changed psychological contract is employee burnout. The article describes burnout, differentiates it from stress, and proposes an existential perspective to explain its underlying dynamic, using the results of a cross-cultural study of Israeli and American managers as an example. Recent studies on gender differences in management are used to point in the recommended for preventing employee burnout, despite the new psychological contract, namely—a democratic, egalitarian management style.
The Networks and Resource Exchanges in Community-Based Systems of Care
Authors: Yip Judy Y. , Myrtle Robert C. , Wilber Kathleen H. , Grazman David N.
Published: May 2024

Despite several decades of goverment efforts, systems of service delivery to population with multiple problems remain fragmented and poorly organized. Since the delivery of services to persons with multiple problems often requires the coordinated efforts of several providers in different delivery sectors, the authors argue that a network perspective helps policy-makers and public administrators understand the patterning of relationships between and among these providers. Using an analysis of service delivery systems for older persons in a major urban setting, the authors show how policy-makers and public administrators can use network methods to improve their understanding of the complexity of most human service delivery programs. Findings from this Study suggest that, through a focus on the exchange patterns that evolve within and between organizations, an improved understanding of the roles that different organizations play in the service delivery effort can be achieved.
A program of Interventions Designed to Imcrease Mammography Rates in Women Ages 50 Years and Older for an Underserved Racial Minority
Authors: Stelger Gail , Samkoff Judith , Karoullas Judy
Published: May 2024

Although breast cancer mortality rates have declined among white women nationally, rates have increased among African-American women. In an effort to increase the use of screening mammography in African-American women in Philadelphia, intervention strategies were developed to target this segment of the population which included an educational program delivered by members of the community with a video as the core component; educational mailings with a prepaid return postcard; posters with tear-off, prepaid postcards; and publilc service messages. The educational program with the video was delivered at 77 sites in Philadelphia attended by 4,481 people. Postcards validated by mammography centers were returned by 454 women in the targeted population. It was difficult to obtain feedback from members of the targeted population who either presented or attended and educational session but the small sample that responded specified that they appreciated having African-Americans featured in the video.
Goldratt's Thinking Process Applied to the Budget Constraints of a Texas MHMR Facility
Authors: Taylor Lloyd J. , Churchwell Lana
Published: May 2024

Managers for years have known that the best way to run a business is to constantly be looking for ways to improve the way to do business. The barrier has been the ability to identify and solve the right problems. Eliyahu Goldratt (1992c), in his book The Goal, uses a love story format to illustrate his “Theory of Constraints.” In Goldratt's (1994) next book, It's Not Luck, he further illustrates this powerful technique called “The Thinking Process” which is based on the Socratic method, using the “if … then” reasoning process, The first step is to identify UDEs or undesirable effects within the organization and then use these UDEs to create a Current Reality Tree (CRT) which helps to identify the core problem. Next, use an Evaporating Cloud to come up with ideas and a way to break the constraint. Finally, use the injections in the Evaporating Cloud to create a Future Reality Tree, further validating the idea and making sure it does not create any negative effects. In this article, the “Thinking Process” will be used to identify and solve problems related to the General Medical Department of an MHMR State Hospital.
End-User Perceptions of a Computerized Medication System: Is There Resistance to Change?
Authors: Malato Larry Allen , Kim Soonhee
Published: May 2024

Public mandate to control cost, while improving quality of service. leads health care administrators to look to information technology for innovative solutions. This case study of acute care registered nurses in a public hospital focuses on experiences, of the end-users, of a computerized medication system. Data was obtained by in-depth interviews and observation performed in the clinical setting. Findings fell into five challenging issues to the end-user and health care administration: end-user perceptions of inadequate training, negative experiences of implementation, perceived deficiencies in quality of technology, perceptions of lack of participatory design and a ensuing circumvention of the new system. Emphasis is on the relationship of the findings to the quality of public health care administration.
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Guidelines for Educating Healthcare Managers
Authors: Robinson Robert K. , Franklin Geralyn Mcclure , Tinney Cathie H. , Crow Stephen M. , Hartman Sandra J.
Published: May 2024

Actionable sexual harassment is defined as a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In recent years, there have been a number of significant developments in sexual harassment case law and litigation including: (1) nationwide legal recognition for same-sex sexual harassment; (2) increased standards on employer liability for sexual harassment perpetrated by supervisory and managerial personnel; and (3) guidelines for mitigating damages when employers are found liable. These developments are of particular concern in those professions such as healthcare in which women historically have been represented as a significant portion of the workforce. Moreover, because management and supervisory relationships in healthcare are often cloudy, harassment by “supervisors” in healthcare settings can be an issue of special concern. In this article, we review relevant issues related to sexual harassment and provide guidance in dealing with the issue in the workplace.
Public Relations Effectiveness in Public Health Institutions
Authors: Springston Jeffrey K. , Lariscy Ruth Ann Weaver
Published: May 2024

This article explores public relations effectiveness in public health institutions. First, the two major elements that comprise public relations effectiveness are discussed: reputation management and stakeholder relations. The factors that define effective reputation management are examined, as are the roles of issues and crisis management in building and maintaining reputation. The article also examines the major facets of stakeholder relations, including an inventory of stakeholder linkages and key audiences, such as the media. Finally, methods of evaluating public relations effectiveness at both the program level and the institutional level are explored.
Home Health Care Services: Management and Effectiveness in Changing Times
Authors: Shick Robert , Balinsky Warren
Published: May 2024

New York City has the largest Medicaid personal care program (a form of home health care which includes many of the activities of daily living) in the country with approximately 45,000 clients and an annual budget of $1.5 billion. During the late 1980s and into the 1990s, New York State was experiencing budget difficulties, and established savings targets for local governments providing personal care services. In response, New York City, through its Home Attendant Program, began using different means of assessing clients’ service needs to produce these savings.

This article examines Task Based Assessment (a new service assessment methodology), and determines the degree to which it was successful, organizational issues that were faced by New York City and the 60 nonprofit and profit making companies contracted to deliver the service, legal challenges that were raised by advocacy groups and another alternative to the delivery of personal care services, a capitated long term care program. Task Based Assessment did not achieve its goals and the authors suggest, based on the positive experience from the capitated long term care program in controlling personal care hours, that it is more effective to expand these capitated programs than to seek to achieve further cost savings through the Home Attendant Program.
What Can Community Organizations do for Tobacco Control?
Authors: Ransom Pamela , Shelley Donna
Published: May 2024

Community based organizations can play a vital role in widespread involvement on health promotion through a range of activities. Little research to date has focused on the process of government agencies accessing the readiness of these organizations for engaging in tobacco control activities. Because tobacco is the number one cause of preventable death in the United States and impacts on African American communities are particularly severe, opinions of leaders and key management personnel in a variety of CBO's in minority communities may be seen as an important starting point for receptivity to future tobacco control activity by the organization.

The purpose of this analysis is a pilot examination of these issues among a small group of organizations in two minority neighborhoods in New York City. The paper develops a methodology utilizing a “rapid appraisal” technique of key informant interviews for assessing these organizations receptivity to partnerships with government on tobacco control. Attitudes and beliefs about smoking including views about tobacco policies, government role and interest in working with government on tobacco control are assessed.
Restructuring the Multi-Professional Organization: Professional Identity and Adjustment to Change in a Public Hospital
Authors: Callan Victor J. , Gallois Cynthia , Mayhew Melissa G. , Grice Tim A. , Tluchowska Malgorzata , Boyce Rosalie
Published: May 2024

The present study explored the multiple identities held by health professionals in a large public hospital that was experiencing organizational change that involved the transition from the traditional use of professional hierarchies to the use of new clinical teams. Consistent with predictions from social identity theory and research, the results of an organization-wide survey (N = 615) reveal the protective role of identification with professional departments during change that threatened group status. Professional departments were the preferred target of identification of employees, and employees who preferred this target reported a stronger sense of identification. Also consistent with our predictions, employees who were members of higher status groups reported greater job satisfaction, higher levels of openness to organizational change, and reduced levels of change-related uncertainty. These results were more pronounced for employees who identified with their professional department. Implications for managing multiple identities during organizational transition are discussed.
The Impact of Having A Young Child with Disabilities on Maternal Labor Supply by Race and Marital Status
Authors: Wehby George L. , Ohsfeldt Robert L.
Published: May 2024

Data from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) with the three-year follow-up survey data were used to assess the impact of having a young child with disabilities on maternal labor supply. The oversampling of low birth-weight and African-American births in NMIHS provides a larger proportion of disabled children and a bigger sample of black mothers than available in data used in prior studies. The empirical analyses examined the impact of child disability on maternal employment participation and conditional intensity by race and marital status using alternative measures of disability based on occurrence of specific health conditions as well as activity performance and general development. Exogeneity of activity-based disability measures was tested using health conditions as instruments and instrumental variable models were used to estimate their impacts on maternal labor supply. The results indicated that activity-based measures are endogenous for black single and white married mothers. Model results suggested large reductions in likelihood of employment participation of black single as well as white single and married mothers. Work intensity of employed black single mothers was also substantially reduced by child disability. Overall, no consistent effects of child disability were observed for black married mothers.
Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Data from the Sonya Slifka Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Study
Authors: Wu Ning , Minden Sarah L. , Hoaglin David C. , Hadden Louise , Frankel Debra
Published: May 2024

Current knowledge about the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is limited. We compared item and component scale scores on the Medical Outcomes Short Form 12 (SF-12) of 2,109 people with MS to U.S. norms and published data on persons with other medical conditions. We also built regression models for SF-12-derived mental (MCS) and physical component scale (PCS) scores. Seventy-five percent of the sample had been diagnosed with MS for over 5 years, and one-half to two-thirds received help with at least one activity of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), respectively. The mean PCS score was 36.2 (Standard Error: 0.27), significantly lower by 14 points than the U.S. population norm and by 4–12 points than mean scores for individuals with diabetes, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension or depression. The mean MCS score was 49.2 (Standard Error: 0.25), significantly lower than the norm for the U.S. population and the mean scores for the chronic condition groups except congestive heart failure and depression. We identified several demographic, disease, and health services factors that were significantly related to quality of life and highlighted a number of areas for improvement. We concluded that the quality of the lives of people with MS could be enhanced by removing barriers to MS care, general health care, and mental health care; meeting needs for help with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living; supporting employment; and improving access to disease modifying agents and symptomatic treatments.
Outsourcing Veterans for Long Term Care: Comparison of Community and State Veterans’ Nursing Homes
Authors: Laberge Alexandre , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Johnson Christopher E. , Jia Huanguang , Dewald Lloyd
Published: May 2024

This study compares the characteristics of state veterans’ nursing homes and community nursing homes with VA per-diem residentes between 1999 – 2002. A structure, process, and outcome model was used to examine whether there was any difference in the multi-dimensional quality measures among the three types of community nursing homes (for profit, not-for-profit, and government) and state veterans’ nursing homes. For profit community nursing homes were less likely to achieve nurse staffing standards while government facilities were more likely to achieve CNA staffing standards when compared to the state veterans’ homes. All community nursing homes had a lower prevelance of tube feeds and catheterization when compared to state veterans’ nursing homes. Only government community nursing homes had significantly lower quality of life deficiencies and pressure sore prevelance when compared to state veterans’ nursing homes. Vigilant monitoring of all long-term care facilities utilized by veterans is needed.
Staff Perceptions of the Benefits of Religion in Health and Human Services Nonprofits: Evidence from International Development
Authors: Flanigan Shawn Teresa
Published: May 2024

Some argue faith-based organizations (FBOs) provide desirable moral or spiritual components to health and human service provision, and that services are more effective due to staff's more supportive approach. However, the majority of research has been conducted in the United States, and has focused on the experiences of Christian FBOs. This article examines the benefits that FBO staff in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, and Sri Lanka believe religious identity brings to the work of their organizations, based on interviews with more than 100 staff of Buddhist, Catholic, Druze, Orthodox Christian, Protestant Christian, Shiite Muslim, and Sunni Muslim FBOs, as well as secular NGOs. The interview data indicate that staff members from most of the religious traditions included in the study believe the faith orientation of their organization brings benefits to their service provision. However, these perceived benefits differ based on country context. Some of these benefits are similar to those often mentioned in the literature on FBOs in the United States; however, other benefits are quite different than those discussed in the US literature.
Using Community-Based Needs Assessments to Strengthen Nonprofit-Government Collaboration and Service Delivery
Authors: Eschenfelder Beth E.
Published: May 2024

Human service needs assessments are a valuable research tool for prioritizing services to address unmet and undermet needs, and they are essential to organizational and community planning efforts. This article looks at the role of nonprofits in conducting human service needs assessments, a responsibility often left to government health and human service administrators. Exploring the role of private nonprofits in community-based research is especially relevant due to current economic challenges that have caused increasing need for human services, dwindling resources available to meet those needs, and even greater pressures on nonprofit and public organization administrators to prioritize limited resources and services.

This article provides an overview of human service needs assessments—their purpose, benefits, problems, and strategies—and it reviews one exemplar human service needs assessment that may serve as a model for nonprofit and government administrators who are responsible for monitoring and responding to the health and human services needs of local communities and regions.
Access to Enforcement and Disciplinary Data: Information Practices of State Health Professional Regulatory Boards of Dentistry, Medicine and Nursing
Authors: Strong Denise E.
Published: May 2024

This article describes a study of public access to enforcement and disciplinary information provided by the websites of health professional regulatory boards. The study explored the current state of transparency by specifically examining the availability of disciplinary data on the websites of state boards of medicine, nursing and dentistry. Web sites were reviewed regarding availability of enforcement and disciplinary data on the aforementioned state boards in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The study found that there is more information about individual practitioners available from the boards than ever before. On the other hand, there has not been a comparable increase in information about the administrative practices and the work of the boards. Increased availability of this information would allow public administration and policy researchers to develop performance indicators of state boards and assist in improving policy decisions and allocation of resources.
Human Capital Management in Government: Replacing Government Retirees
Authors: Kochanowski Yvonne J.
Published: May 2024

Faced with high levels of senior civil servant retirement in the coming years and limited by civil service requirements, government organizations often struggle to maintain the knowledge base of previous processes and results while promoting people who are truly interested in being leaders in an agency. Upcoming generations of public sector workers do not share the same motivation and workplace characteristics of current exiting civil servants, further complicating smooth transitions of leadership. Government personnel systems for the most part are inflexible and slow to hire, and retention methods for workers do not encourage succession planning. Against this backdrop, a five-phased human capital management system, using some of the best practices found in both public and private sector organizations, is proposed as a solution for replacing government retirees with workers who are prepared for their leadership and management roles.
Examining the Social, Emotional and Behavioral Needs of Youth Involved in the Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Systems
Authors: Neely-Barnes Susan , Whitted Katheryn
Published: May 2024

This study assesses the social, emotional and behavioral symptoms of 2,575 youth who were receiving behavioral health services from a private provider agency, either in an out of home placement (e.g., foster care home, a group home or a residential treatment facility) or in their own home (through the In-Home Services Program). the findings suggest the prevalence of symptoms in each of the domains (i.e., conduct problems, emotional problems, ADHD, and peer problems) were relatively high compared to the general population. Over 50% of the youth had conduct problems in the borderline or abnormal range, more than 35% had hyperactivity and peer problems subscale scores in the borderline or abnormal range, and almost 25% of the youth reported symptoms of emotional problems in the borderline or abnormal range. Youth's social, emotional and behavioral problems varied by gender, race/ethnicity and age group.
Health Disparity: Time Delay in the Treatment of Breast Cancer in Louisiana
Authors: Ferdaus Riaz , Kim Min Su , Larson James S.
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have suggested that breast cancer patients with a delay of three months or more in initiating radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery, have increased recurrence and lower survival than those without treatment delay.

In this study, the inequalities in receiving radiation on time after surgery were identified in five areas—patient's age at diagnosis, race, size of the facility where the patient received treatment, teaching status of the facilities and geographical location where the patient received treatment. All patients studied were female patients. Women younger than 50 years of age, of the black race, receiving treatment in a teaching hospital, and who were treated by surgeons in southeast and central Louisiana were more likely to experience delay in receiving radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery than their counterparts. Patient's insurance status, marital status and SES did not have any influence on treatment delay. Also, the surgeon's practice age at diagnosis, the surgeon's medical school, facility ownership status and Commission on Cancer approval status did not show significant effect.
A Call to Action: Increasing Health Providers in Underrepresented Populations through the Military
Authors: Harris G.L.A. , Lewis Evelyn L. , Calloway Margaret
Published: May 2024

The state of the nation's health and healthcare disparities looms large and is currently at crisis proportions, so much so, that these issues have been advanced as a national priority. These disparities are known to disproportionately afflict minorities and disadvantaged groups who become predisposed to certain risks. However, in light of the ever increasing racial and ethnic diversity of the American population, the visible absence of underrepresented minorities (URMs) in the health professions needed to meet these growing needs continues to fuel these crises.

The purpose of this paper is thus fourfold. First, to examine the reason (s) for the persistent shortage of underrepresented minorities in the health professions and the associated barriers they encounter in pursuing opportunities in these professions. Second, to determine the degree to which the shortage of URMs contributes to the current state of health and healthcare disparities among certain groups. Third, to identify nontraditional mechanisms like the military as a medium to help increase the number of URMs in the health professions pipeline. Finally, the authors discuss the role of cultural competence as an essential skill set in rendering quality healthcare to minority patients; the strengths and limitations of their findings; and the implications of these findings for future research.
The Golden Goose in the Crosshairs: The Transition to Defined Contribution Pension Plans in the Public Sector: Unintended Consequences
Authors: Johnson Brian R.
Published: May 2024

State, county, and local governments are currently facing a myriad of economic issues, based on shrinking tax revenues combined with increased expenditures. of these, the costs related to defined benefit pension plans are one of the most serious issues facing many public employers. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this article examines how the shift from the defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) pension plan has the potential to enhance levels of labor unrest due to changes in union militancy, bargaining skills deficits, intra-organizational conflict, and issues related to economic trade-offs. Besides the capacity for immediate and deleterious ramifications in the collective bargaining process, the transition to the DC pension also presents some potentially negative consequences related to human resource management, including changes in the psychological contract, recruitment strategies, employee turnover, and changes in retirement patterns. Recommendations to improve labor relations and human resource management practices in the DC pension environment are also explored.
Classifying and Comparing Fundraising Performance for Nonprofit Hospitals
Authors: Erwin Cathleen O.
Published: May 2024

Charitable contributions are becoming increasingly important to nonprofit hospitals, yet fundraising can sometimes be one of the more troublesome aspects of management for nonprofit organizations. This study utilizes an organizational effectiveness and performance framework to identify groups of nonprofit organizations as a method of classifying organizations for performance evaluation and benchmarking that may be more informative than commonly used characteristics such as organizational age and size. Cluster analysis, ANOVA and chi-square analysis are used to study 401 organizations, which includes hospital foundations as well as nonprofit hospitals directly engaged in fundraising. Three distinct clusters of organizations are identified based on performance measures of productivity, efficiency, and complexity. a general profile is developed for each cluster based upon the cluster analysis variables and subsequent analysis of variance on measures of structure, maturity, and legitimacy as well as selected institutional characteristics.

This is one of only a few studies to examine fundraising performance in hospitals and hospital foundations, and is the first to utilize data from an industry survey conducted by the leading general professional association for healthcare philanthropy. It has methodological implications for the study of fundraising as well as practical implications for the strategic management of fundraising for nonprofit hospital and hospital foundations.
Organizational Restructuring, Government Control and Loss of Legitimacy following An Organizational Crisis: The Case of Israel's Nonprofit Human Services
Authors: Mano Rita , Rosenberg Dennis
Published: May 2024

The study explores organizational restructuring following the occurrence of a crisis. Restructuring activities following an intervention are considered here to be indicators of an organization's loss of legitimacy because they have lost their independent status, a basic characteristic of nonprofit human settings. the study shows that according to the Resource Based View of organization restructuring – experienced as downsizing, neglecting and abandoning of projects – organizations are affected by (a) government intervention in decision making; (b) higher demands for accountability; and (c) higher evaluations of performance gaps. On the basis of the study of a sample of 138 Nonprofit Human Services in Israel, the results show that the higher the level of restructuring, the higher the level of legitimacy. However, organization location in metropolitan areas moderates the link between restructuring and legitimacy loss. We conclude that Israel's nonprofit human services being overly dependent on government funding are more prone to restructuring and losing legitimacy following organizational crisis.
An Exploratory Study of Organization Design Configurations in Health Care Delivery Organizations
Authors: Sheppeck Mick , Militello Jack
Published: May 2024

Organizations are configurations of variables that support each other to achieve customer satisfaction. Based on Treacy and Wiersema (1995), we predicted the emergence of two configurations, one supporting a product leadership stance and one predicting the customer intimate approach from a set of 73 for profit health care clinics. in addition, we predicted the emergence of a configuration where the scores on most variables were near the mean for each variable. Using cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis, we identified three configurations: one a “master of two” strategy, one “stuck-in-the-middle,” and one showing scores well below the mean on most variables. the implications for organization design and manager actions in the health care industry are discussed.
The Changing Role of Private, Nonprofit Organizations in the Development and Delivery of Human Services in the United States
Authors: Norris-Tirrell Dorothy
Published: May 2024

With diverse missions and multiple service provision strategies, nonprofit human services organizations have worked individually and collaboratively to create responses to social problems throughout the history of United States. This article highlights the important historic roots of the sector in understanding the scope and breadth of nonprofit human service organizations today. Challenges influencing this set of organizations, including the competing values of contracting out versus collaboration and the push-pull of grassroots or community-based versus professionalized orientations, are discussed. the article closes with important questions for nonprofit leaders and policymakers about the role of government in the human services arena.
An Uncertain Federalism: The States and the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Plein L. Christopher
Published: May 2024

This article provides an initial assessment of the Affordable Care Act's recent implementation experience in the states. Drawing on state-level and regional analyses that have been coordinated by the ACA Implementation Network – a cooperative effort involving researchers in 35 states – this article highlights the uncertain policy environment associated with the politics and complexities of the ACA. Understanding the ACA implementation experience requires an appreciation for political context, but must also take into account underlying demographic, market, and state administrative capacity issues in the states. There are indications that the ACA implementation experience is moving from a highly charged partisan nature to a more accommodating posture long associated with intergovernmental relations between the federal and state government in health and human services administration. in short, the key questions going forward will turn on how, not whether, the ACA is implemented.
Wait, Won't! Want: Barriers to Health Care as Perceived by Medically and Socially Disenfranchised Communities
Authors: Clochesy John M. , Gittner Lisaann S. , Hickman Ronald L. , Floersch Jerry E. , Carten Carla L.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

We explored barriers to healthcare as perceived by members of medically and socially disenfranchised communities. Methods. We conducted focus groups with 28 women and 32 men from Northeast Ohio who identified themselves as African-American, Hispanic/Latino, lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgendered, and/or Russian immigrant.

Results

Participants described their experiences of waiting, things they won't tolerate, when they won't participate, and what they want from providers. They described behaviors, actions and relationship characteristics that they want from their providers and characteristics that they prefer in health systems.

Conclusions

The themes of Wait, Won't, and Want have healthcare practice and policy implications. Patient-provider interactions are known to be significant determinants of healthcare outcomes and these exploratory findings suggest that they might also affect patient self-management strategies. Future efforts should focus on developing and testing patient-centered strategies that address the themes identified to increase engagement to increase self-management of health.
Panacea Or Placebo? An Evaluation of the Value of Emotional Intelligence in Healthcare Workers
Authors: Vandewaa Elizabeth A. , Turnipseed David L. , Cain Georgie
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and desirable nursing behaviors, measured as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). We used Mayer and Salovey's (1997) four-dimensional model of emotional intelligence and Organ's (1988) OCB construct to test the EI-OCB relationships. Using a sample of 137 clinical nurses, and analyzing the data with hierarchical multiple regressions, we obtained results indicating that the EI dimension perceiving emotion was linked to conscientiousness, and facilitating thinking was linked to civic virtue. Managing emotion was linked to conscientiousness, civic virtue, altruism and courtesy. There were no relationships between facilitating thinking and the OCB dimensions. Results suggest that EI may increase conscientiousness in performing nursing duties, and in the levels of involvement and participation in hospital affairs. Higher levels of emotional intelligence may also increase altruistic activities and discretionary coordinating efforts. However, there is no reason to expect that a poor work climate, and grieving, complaining behaviors will respond positively to increasing EI. Managers should realize that efforts to improve EI may not provide global results.
Talk Nerdy to Me: The Role of Intellectual Stimulation in the Supervisor-Employee Relationship
Authors: Smothers Jack , Doleh Randa , Celuch Kevin , Peluchette Joy , Valadares Kevin
Published: May 2024

This study investigates (1) if communication with one's supervisor is related to empowerment through establishing perceptions of leader integrity, and (2) the extent to which the relationship between leader integrity and empowerment is moderated by intellectual stimulation. Due to the dynamic nature of today's organizational environment, understanding the nuances among these variables is vital to effective performance at the individual and organizational level. Hierarchical multiple regression tests were performed with a sample of 259 nurses in two regional healthcare facilities in the Midwestern United States. The results support a moderated-mediation relationship such that open communication with one's supervisor is positively related to empowerment through perceptions of leader integrity, but the relationship between leader integrity and empowerment varies across levels of intellectual stimulation. Specifically, while supervisor integrity mediates the relationship between patient safety communication and empowerment, this mediated relationship is only significant for followers who experience high intellectual stimulation, and is not significant for followers who report low intellectual stimulation. Thus, open communication and leader integrity will only empower followers if the leader is intellectually stimulating. This research clarifies how leaders in health care environments should communicate with their followers to empower them to think and act by their own initiative. Specifically, followers who communicate openly with their supervisor will feel more empowered, but only if they experience high intellectual stimulation which can improve their job performance and patient safety overall.
An Overview of the Efficacy of the 12-Step Group Therapy for Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: Gamble James , O'Lawrence Henry
Published: May 2024

This study was designed to determine if 12-Steps groups efficacy for substance abuse treatment significantly improve abstinence rates of heroin addicts in the short run and long run (1-year and 5-year period); and if abstinence rates are found to be lower for heroin addicts that have attended 12-Step groups at the 1-year mark, and if similar results would be expected at the 5-year mark. Secondary data from the Inter-University Consortium of Political and Social Research (ICPSR) was extracted and analyzed for the aforementioned hypothesis. Using SSPS to test the research hypothesis for the 1 -Year Follow Up, the chi-square test shows a p-value below of .10, and the analysis determined that there was significant evidence to support the hypothesis that cases in a 12-Steps or self-help program have a higher success than cases not in a program for the 1 -year follow up. For 5-Year Follow Up, the cases that attended a 12-Step program or a self-help program and about 27% went on to use heroin during the last 12 months compared to 34% cases that did not go to a program.
Community Paramedicine Pilot Programs: Lessons from Maine
Authors: Pearson Karen B. , Shaler George
Published: May 2024

Community paramedicine programs are beginning to flourish across the nation, and the need to provide demonstration or pilot programs is essential to providing a consistent and high-level standard for this model of care. While the overarching goals are to align with the Triple Aim, piloting a community paramedicine program also allows each community to develop and implement a program tailored to the healthcare needs of their specific community. A successful program builds the evidence base that can then be used to create legislative change necessary to financially sustain this model of care across the healthcare delivery system. This article provides a discussion of the healthcare needs of people living in rural areas and of the ways in which community paramedicine can address some of those needs. This article begins with a discussion of legislative authorization and characteristics of the Maine community paramedicine pilot program, the general strategies for implementation, and lessons learned from these programs. A case study of a Maine community paramedicine program provides an example of key implementation strategies along with structural and operation functions of the program that may be useful for other community paramedicine pilot sites looking to implement a community-based health care program.
Community Health Evaluations Completed Using Paramedic Service (Checups): Design and Implementation of A New Community-Based Health Program
Authors: Ruest Michel R , Ashton Chris W , Millar Jeffrey
Published: May 2024

The Government of Ontario established a one-time funding program intended to create a Community Paramedicine best practice in support of its Action Plan for Health Care. The County of Renfrew Community Resilience Program responded with the creation of the CHECUPS program. The study was conducted in the County of Renfrew, Ontario, Canada where a Community Resilience Program expanded to include the CHECUPS Program. The evaluation of the CHECUPS program has addressed impacts to three domains: 1) patient overall health and satisfaction; 2) primary care integration; and 3) paramedic resource utilization. The results included a total of 222 patients that demonstrated a 24% reduction in 911 activation; 20% reduction in repeat ED visits; 55% decrease in patients that were admitted post ED visits; and all patients indicated that they were either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the care provide by community paramedics. The CHECUPS Community Paramedic Program is in an excellent position to support the Province of Ontario Action Plan for Health Care by responding to the increasing emergency response demands, chronic pressures within the health care system, and need to provide a more sustainable, integrated, patient-centred system.
Structural Exclusion and Administrative Burden within the Affordable Care Act: An Exploratory Study of Latinos in Arizona
Authors: Moreno Karina , Mullins Lauren Bock
Published: May 2024

This paper is based on an exploratory study that collected original data in 2016 from Latino and Latino immigrant communities in Arizona to examine the most important policy issues and challenges they encounter. The findings showed, surprisingly, that Latino respondents considered health care and the Affordable Care Act among the top challenges Latinos face today, just as important as the overall economy of the United States and even more important than immigration reform. This was surprising because Arizona has increasingly and expansively securitized its immigration sector, which disproportionately targets Latinos and Latino immigrants. In light of this puzzle, this study examines the discrepancies of the health care system from a federalist point of view, and synthesizes existing research on the outcomes of the Affordable Health Care Act across lines of race, ethnicity, gender, national origin, and immigrant status. We connect these findings to academic literature on administrative exclusion and administrative burdens, a crucial intersection within the field of public administration and social policy. We then found another interesting item from the survey data: there is an increased likelihood of perceiving the AC A and health care as a pressing challenge if Latinos perceive discrimination, particularly on the basis of language. This paper adds to existing work on the disparities in health that arise out of lack of cultural competency, an issue that the public health community must address. Implications of this paper are critical in understanding contextual issues that are imperative to community building. In the context of Latinos and Latino immigrants who have repeatedly expressed feeling disenfranchised from formal political structures in the U.S., this research is especially important to facilitate their political assimilation and incorporation, in order to further establish social equity perspective.