bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Intracoronary Pressure-Based Indexes with JLabChart
Authors: Tradigo Giuseppe , De Rosa Salvatore , Vizza Patrizia , Fragomeni Gionata , Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Indolfi Ciro , Veltri Pierangelo
Published: March 2022

The Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-Free Ratio (iFR) have been proposed and clinically validated to measure the pressure gradient across coronary stenoses. They provide quantitative information on stenosis severity. Both are used in coronary revascularization procedures to measure intracoronary pressure giving quantitative information to evaluate coronary diseases during angiographic procedures. We designed and implemented a tool able to acquire and measure iFR and FFR supporting the physicians studying and treating patients in interventional cardiology laboratories. We designed an extensive case study to assess the performance of the tool in (i) acquiring pressure signals from blood pressure measurement systems; (ii) calculating FFR and iFR; and (iii) filtering out extra-beats signals during realtime signal analysis phases. The tool, named JLabChart, is available online. We tested it on two sets of data for a total of 600 cycles from 201 pressure measurements performed on 65 patients, from the Interventional Cardiology Unit of Magna Graecia University. The recognition of cardiac cycles and keypoint of the pressure curve was effective in 100% of cases for proximal (aortic) pressure and in 99.2% for distal pressure. The FFR calculated by JLabChart had an excellent correlation (Rp=0.960; p<0.001) with the FFR values obtained through the commercial systems. Similar results were obtained with iFR (Rp=0.998; p<0.001). Finally, the tool measurement results were compared with a commercial tool proving JLabChart’s efficiency with real cases. It was also compared with measurements performed on synthetic vessels and stenosis designed using the Comsol commercial tool. JLabChart is able to provide reliable measurements of FFR and iFR indexes used to support decisions on interventional procedures. It represents a valuable open source support system that can be used in an interventional cardiology laboratory.
Critical Materials Determination as a Complement to the Product Recycling Desirability Model for Sustainability in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Sultan Al Amin , Qi Hang Yoong , Wan Mahmood Wan Hasrulnizzam , Md Saad Mohd Shamsuri , Mativenga Paul Tarisai
Published: March 2022

End-of-life waste disposal is a major issue in Malaysia, where the country’s economy has suffered due to waste recovery issues. Many countries have successfully identified critical materials and products for increasing recycling rates, but not in Malaysia. Thus, the Malaysian government and businesses have had difficulty prioritising products for recycling. The absence of critical materials data has meant that a recovery strategy could not be planned wisely. In addition, the Product Recycling Desirability Model that was utilised by many countries to improve their recycling strategy could not be applied to Malaysia, as it requires critical materials data as input. To start with, Malaysia’s important materials have been identified. Next, two risk dimensions are defined: supply risk and material risk. The indicators are then weighted according to Malaysia’s scenarios. The scores are analyzed and applied to the Product Desirability Model to find desirable products for recycling. As a result, 89 materials were classified as critical to Malaysia’s economy, with palladium, rhodium, gold, platinum, and tellurium ranking first through to fifth. Critical materials scoring was used for the first time in Malaysia to comprehend the Product Recycling Desirability Model, a tool for prioritizing products for recycling. Additional analysis reveals that car batteries, tyres, PET bottles, mobile phones, and DVD-R are the top five most important recyclable products in Malaysia. With the material security database readily available and the novel evaluation system being employed to prioritize critical material supply, using risk supply and material security for Malaysia, the government, or private sector, can strategically start to implement recycling policies and initiatives to strengthen recycling efforts, which help to increase recycling rates.
Proposing a Method Reducing UGR Calculations for LED Luminaires with Diffusers in Indoor Applications
Authors: Abbasinejad Reza , Kacprzak Dariusz
Published: March 2022

This paper studies discomfort glare in indoor LED lighting systems and proposes a method reducing UGR calculations. There are several methods for expressing discomfort glare, among which the unified glare rating (UGR) method is one of the most popular. It is safe to indicate that the UGR method was introduced before LED lighting became popular in indoor applications. Thus, the UGR method is not versatile currently. In this paper, key limitations of the UGR method are discussed. A method for reducing UGR calculations based on UGR tables for both LED luminaires with diffusers (uniform luminous intensity distribution) and with lenses is proposed. The method is mathematically discussed and its applicability for luminaires is discussed. Also, the luminaires are put through a test and the results from the tests are presented and the feasibility of the method separately from mathematical proofs is examined. The proof and case studies both indicate that the method can be used accurately for luminaires with diffusers. They also illustrate that the accuracy of applying the proposed method to the LED luminaires with lenses is not satisfactory. Simulations are carried out using DIALux lighting design software.
3D Pose Recognition System of Dump Truck for Autonomous Excavator
Authors: Lee Ju-hwan , Lee Junesuk , Park Soon-Yong
Published: March 2022

The purpose of an excavator is to dig up materials and load them onto heavy-duty dump trucks. Typically, an excavator is positioned at the rear of the dump truck when loading. In order to automate this process, this paper proposes a system that employs a combined stereo camera and two LiDAR sensors to determine the three-dimensional (3D) position of the truck’s cargo box and to analyze its loading space. Sparse depth information acquired from the two LiDAR sensors is used to detect points on the door of the cargo box and establish the plane on its rear side. Dense depth information of the cargo box acquired from the stereo camera sensor is projected onto the plane of the box’s rear to estimate its initial 3D position. In the next step, the point cloud sampled along the long shaft of the edge of the cargo box is used as the input of the Iterative Closest Point algorithm to calculate a more accurate cargo box position. The data collected from the stereo camera are then used to determine the 3D position of the cargo box and provide an estimate of the volume of the load along with the 3D position of the loading space to the excavator. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, a mock-up of a heavy-duty truck cargo box was created, and the volume of the load in the cargo box was analyzed.
Analysis of Stability and Required Offset with Vibration Velocity Considering Conditions of Bedrock and Explosive Charges Using the TBM and NATM Extension Blasting Method
Authors: Kong Suk-Min , Kim Ah-Ram , Byun Yoseph , Shim Seungbo , Choi Sang-Il , Lee Seong-Won
Published: March 2022

The development of underground spaces in urban centers has attracted significant research attention. Typical excavation methods for underground spaces in urban areas include the New Austrian tunneling method (NATM) and the tunnel boring machine (TBM). The NATM is superior in terms of ease of construction and economic efficiency; however, vibration and noise are often cited as major complaints. In addition to their high initial cost, TBMs require intricate analyses of ground conditions during excavation. To overcome the disadvantages of both methods and reduce construction time, a TBM and NATM parallel excavation method has recently been investigated. In this study, the effects of blasting vibrations on the TBM, TBM backup device, and surrounding ground were examined during an NATM application for rear expansion blasting after pilot tunnel excavation using a TBM. Different rock types and powder factors were simulated, and differences in the vibration velocity according to their variations were predicted using 3D numerical analysis.
An Efficient Hybrid Evolutionary Optimization Method Coupling Cultural Algorithm with Genetic Algorithms and Its Application to Aerodynamic Shape Design
Authors: Zhao Xin , Tang Zhili , Cao Fan , Zhu Caicheng , Periaux Jacques
Published: March 2022

Evolutionary algorithms have been widely used to solve complex engineering optimization problems with large search spaces and nonlinearity. Both cultural algorithm (CA) and genetic algorithms (GAs) have a broad prospect in the optimization field. The traditional CA has poor precision in solving complex engineering optimization problems and easily falls into local optima. An efficient hybrid evolutionary optimization method coupling CA with GAs (HCGA) is proposed in this paper. HCGA reconstructs the cultural framework, which uses three kinds of knowledge to build the belief space, and the GAs are used as an evolutionary model for the population space. In addition, a knowledge-guided t-mutation operator is developed to dynamically adjust the mutation step and introduced into the influence function. HCGA achieves a balance between exploitation and exploration through the above strategies, and thus effectively avoids falling into local optima and improves the optimization efficiency. Numerical experiments and comparisons with several benchmark functions show that the proposed HCGA significantly outperforms the other compared algorithms in terms of comprehensive performance, especially for high-dimensional problems. HCGA is further applied to aerodynamic optimization design, with the wing cruise factor being improved by 23.21%, demonstrating that HCGA is an efficient optimization algorithm with potential applications in aerodynamic optimization design.
Anti-Hyperuricemic Effect of Ethyl Acetate Sub-Fractions from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Dried Flowers on Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats
Authors: Ng Teng Lit , Loh Khye Er , Tan Sheri-Ann , Tan Hui Yin , Yue Chen Son , Wee Sze Ping , Tey Zi Tong
Published: March 2022

Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays an important role in purine degradation in humans. The study aimed to determine the XO inhibitory potential of Chrysanthemum morifolium dried flower ethyl acetate sub-fractions and its anti-hyperuricemic effect in rat models. Bioassay-guided fractionation based on XO inhibitory assay was employed to obtain bioactive fractions and sub-fractions. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular antioxidant capacity of the sub-fraction and its mode of XO inhibition were also investigated. The anti-hyperuricemic effect of the bioactive sub-fraction was investigated using rat models via oral consumption, and followed by an XO mRNA gene expression study. The compounds in the bioactive sub-fractions were identified putatively using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction exhibited the highest XO inhibition among the fractions. It was further fractionated into 15 sub-fractions. F10 exhibited high XO inhibitory activity, cellular pro-proliferative effect, and intracellular antioxidant activity among the sub-fractions tested. This sub-fraction was non-cytotoxic at 0.1–10 µg/mL, and very effective in lowering serum and urine uric acid level in rat models upon oral consumption. A total of 26 known compounds were identified and seven unknown compounds were detected via HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS analysis. The possible mechanisms contributing to the anti-hyperuricemic effect were suggested to be the non-competitive inhibition of XO enzyme, XO gene expression down-regulation, and the enhancement of uric acid excretion.
Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Properties during Storage of Red Prickly Pear Juice Processed by a Continuous Flow UV-C System
Authors: Mesta-Vicuña Gabriela , Quintero-Ramos Armando , Meléndez-Pizarro Carmen Oralia , Galicia-García Tomás , Sánchez-Madrigal Miguel Ángel , Delgado Efrén , Ruiz-Gutiérrez Martha Graciela
Published: March 2022

The effects of pH (3.6 and 7.0) and irradiation UV-C dose irradiation (0, 9.81, 15.13, and 31.87 mJ/cm2) on the physicochemical properties and natural microbiota of red prickly pear juice were evaluated during processing and storage. Thermal treatments were used as the control applying high temperatures for a short time (HTST 80 °C/30 s) or ultra-high temperature (UHT 130 °C/3 s). UV-C treatments applied to juices with both pHs inactivated coliforms and mesophiles with the same efficacy as thermal treatments. Yeasts and molds were inactivated at a dose of >15.13 mJ/cm2 at both pHs. The UV-C doses showed no differences in betalains, polyphenols, or antioxidant activity. However, a decrease in these compounds was observed during storage. The lowest reductions in betacyanins (11.1–16.7%) and betaxanthins (2.38–10.22%) were obtained by UV-C treatment at pH 3.6. Thermal treatments (HTST and UHT) caused a reduction greater than UV-C irradiation in betacyanins, betaxanthins, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity after treatment. However, after storage at pH 3.6, the contents of these compounds reached those of the UV-C treatments, except for polyphenols. In specific pigments, betanin retention was highest at pH 3.6 (62.26–87.24%), and its retention decreases with UV-C dose increase and storage. The indicaxanthin retentions were higher (75.85–92.27%) than those of betanin, and the reduction was mainly due to storage. The physical properties (pH, acidity, and °Brix) were not affected by treatments, except for the color. The results suggest that a dose of 15.13 mJ/cm2 of a continuous UV-C system is a non-thermal alternative for the processing of red prickly pear juice at pH 3.6, preserving its properties.
Study on the Associations between Meteorological Factors and the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Gao Chunjie , Wang Yingdan , Hu Zengyun , Jiao Haiyan , Wang Lei
Published: March 2022

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has been a major threat to global public health. The association between meteorological factors and the incidence of PTB has been widely investigated by the generalized additive model, auto-regressive integrated moving average model and the distributed lag model, etc. However, these models could not address a non-linear or lag correlation between them. In this paper, a penalized distributed lag non-linear model, as a generalized and improved one, was applied to explore the influence of meteorological factors (such as air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) on the PTB incidence in Xinjiang from 2004 to 2019. Moreover, we firstly use a comprehensive index (apparent temperature, AT) to access the impact of multiple meteorological factors on the incidence of PTB. It was found that the relationships between air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, AT and PTB incidence were nonlinear (showed “wave-type “, “invested U-type”, “U-type” and “wave-type”, respectively). When air temperature at the lowest value (−16.1 °C) could increase the risk of PTB incidence with the highest relative risk (RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.21–2.20). An assessment of relative humidity demonstrated an increased risk of PTB incidence between 44.5% and 71.8% with the largest relative risk (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.32–1.67) occurring at 59.2%. Both high and low wind speeds increased the risk of PTB incidence, especially at the lowest wind speed 1.4 m/s (RR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.95–2.51). In particular, the lag effects of low and high AT on PTB incidence were nonlinear. The lag effects of extreme cold AT (−18.5 °C, 1st percentile) on PTB incidence reached a relative risk peak (RR = 2.18, 95% CI: 2.06–2.31) at lag 1 month. Overall, it was indicated that the environment with low air temperature, suitable relative humidity and wind speed is more conducive to the transmission of PTB, and low AT is associated significantly with increased risk of PTB in Xinjiang.
What Made the Sustained Intensification of Tropical Cyclone Fani in the Bay of Bengal? An Investigation Using Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Model
Authors: Prakash Kumar Ravi , Pant Vimlesh , Udaya Bhaskar T. V. S. , Chandra Navin
Published: March 2022

The extremely severe tropical cyclone Fani (25 April–5 May 2019) unusually sustained high intensity for a prolonged duration over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). A regional coupled atmosphere–ocean model was used to investigate the atmospheric and oceanic conditions and processes responsible for the sustained intensification of the tropical cyclone (TC) Fani. The coupled model simulated the track and intensification/weakening stages of the cyclone reasonably well. A reduction in sea surface temperature (by −2 °C) and an increase in sea surface salinity due to cyclone-induced upwelling and inertial mixing was noticed in both observations and model. The passage of TC Fani over two geostrophic mesoscale warm-core eddies along the cyclone track was found to supply the necessary energy for the intensification of TC Fani. The sea surface height anomaly and tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) were higher during TC Fani than other pre-monsoon cyclones in the BoB. The anomalous TCHP in the warm-core eddy zones (i.e., in excess of >160 kJ cm−2) maintained the warm surface temperature and high air–sea heat fluxes. The air–sea latent heat flux and atmospheric wind shear were favourable for the intensification of the cyclone. The atmospheric moist static energy enhanced up to 360 kJ kg−1 with a deep vertical extension in the atmospheric column supporting the further intensification of TC Fani. Therefore, the unusual oceanic TCHP associated with mesoscale eddies, higher latent heat flux, and enhanced moist static energy in the atmosphere contributed to the sustained intensification of TC Fani for a prolonged period in the BoB.
Yearly Variations of Equivalent Black Carbon Concentrations Observed in Krakow, Poland
Authors: Ryś Anna , Samek Lucyna
Published: March 2022

The evaluation of the equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentration is very important, especially in environmental sciences. Light absorbing carbon (LAC), also presented as equivalent black carbon (eBC), is generated from the partial combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. The scientific interest in eBC is large because its contribution to the PM2.5 fraction is high, especially in urban areas. This study presents yearly variations in eBC concentrations observed in Krakow, Poland. The transmissions of light at different wavelengths were measured by a multi-wavelength absorption black carbon instrument (MABI). Absorption coefficients and concentrations of eBC were calculated. Samples of the PM2.5 fraction were collected from 1 February 2020 to 27 March 2021 every third day in Krakow, Poland. The concentrations of eBC from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning were in the range of 0.82–11.64 μg m−3 and 0.007–0.84 μg m−3, respectively. At the same time, PM2.5 concentrations varied from 3.14 to 55.24 μg m−3. The eBC contribution was a significant part of PM2.5 mass and we observed a seasonal variation in eBC concentrations during the year, with the peak in winter (5.3 ± 1.8 µg m−3). The contribution of BC from biomass burning to PM2.5 mass was in the range of 4%–5% with the highest value for winter. The eBC concentration during workdays was 21% higher than during weekend days.
Simulation of the Air Quality in Southern California, USA in July and October of the Year 2018
Authors: Herrmann Maximilian , Gutheil Eva
Published: March 2022

A numerical investigation of the air quality in Southern California, USA in the year 2018 is presented using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). In July, a heat wave occurred, and in October, Santa Ana conditions prevailed; these conditions and their impact on air quality are the scope of the present numerical study.The high spatial resolution in the simulation includes two nested domains of 1 km and 3 km, respectively. Local climate zones land use categories are combined with the complex urban model building effect parameterization coupled with the building energy model (BEP+BEM) and the detailed MOZCART-T1 chemical reaction mechanism, which is the MOZART-T1 mechanism for trace gases with GOCART aerosols. Thus, the model is suitable to compare simulation results to in situ and satellite measurements of O3, NO2, CH4, and CO. The meteorology is captured well by the model. Comparison of simulation results with observations shows a good agreement of NO2 and ozone, whereas CO mixing ratios are generally underestimated. This hints at missing emissions in the 2017 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) dataset. Both the heat wave and the Santa Ana winds increase the air pollution with gas-phase species in Los Angeles. In both cases, nighttime boundary layer heights are small, which causes emissions to reside near the ground. During Santa Ana winds, NOx removal on aerosols is reduced. Methane mixing ratios are modeled very well at most stations in Los Angeles, but predictions of low emissions near the University of California cause inaccuracies at that location. Modeled and observed PM2.5 agree well on low-pollution days, but high-pollution events are generally missed by the model. During the heat wave, both modeled and observed PM2.5 concentrations exceed the recommended NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards value of 12.5 g/m3. The present modeling approach serves as a base for the study and prediction of special weather events and their impact on air pollution.
Adolescents Accessing School-Based versus Family Planning Clinics: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Raphael Meghna , Abacan Allyssa A. , Smith Peggy B. , Chacko Mariam R.
Published: March 2022

The prevalence and treatment of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) at school-based clinics (SBCs) requires revisiting. To assess whether clinic type influences CT/GC testing and treatment for minors (individuals 13–17 years of age), our study compared four SBCs with five family planning clinics (FPCs) in the Houston, Harris County metropolitan area of Texas, USA for: (1) the prevalence of CT/GC infection (pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19); (2) treatment rates at the last positive diagnosis; and (3) the time, in days, from testing-to-diagnosis and testing-to-treatment. Between January 2019 and December 2020, 2439 unique patients (1579 at SBCs, 860 at FPCs) were seen. Of the 1924 tests obtained, 39.2% and 15.9% were positive for CT and GC, respectively. The prevalence of CT and GC at SBCs was similar prior to COVID-19 vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic. SBCs were able to provide treatment significantly faster after diagnosis (mean, 6.07 days; 95% CI, 3.22–8.90; 94.7% were within 30 days) than FPCs (mean, 17.60 days; 95% CI, 10.15–25.12; 84.7% were within 30 days) (p = 0.0257). This comparison within our large clinic system, with consistent clinical management protocols, suggests that SBC care may be critical to ensuring optimal sexually transmitted infection management in minors.
A Teenager Physical Fitness Evaluation Model Based on 1D-CNN with LSTM and Wearable Running PPG Recordings
Authors: Guo Junqi , Wan Boxin , Zheng Siyu , Song Aohua , Huang Wenshan
Published: March 2022

People attach greater importance to the physical health of teenagers because adolescence is a critical period for the healthy development of the human body. With the progress of biosensing technologies and artificial intelligence, it is feasible to apply wearable devices to continuously record teenagers’ physiological signals and make analyses based on modern advanced methods. To solve the challenge that traditional methods of monitoring teenagers’ physical fitness lack accurate computational models and in-depth data analyses, we propose a novel evaluation model for predicting the physical fitness of teenagers. First, we collected 1024 teenagers’ PPGs under the guidance of the proposed three-stage running paradigm. Next, we applied the median filter and wavelet transform to denoise the original signals and obtain HR and SpO2. Then, we used the Pearson correlation coefficient method to finalize the feature set, based on the extracted nine physical features. Finally, we built a 1D-CNN with LSTM model to classify teenagers’ physical fitness condition into four levels: excellent, good, medium, and poor, with an accuracy of 98.27% for boys’ physical fitness prediction, and 99.26% for girls’ physical fitness prediction. The experimental results provide evidence supporting the feasibility of predicting teenagers’ physical fitness levels by their running PPG recordings.
Detection Efficiency of Ag Nanoparticle Labels for a Heart Failure Marker Using Linear and Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Raj Nikhil , Crooks Richard M.
Published: March 2022

In this article, we compare linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) for detection of a nano metalloimmunoassay. Two separate immunoassays were examined: a model assay, based on interactions between antibodies, and a sandwich assay for the heart failure marker NT-proBNP. In both cases, one antibody is linked to a magnetic microbead, and one is linked to a spherical Ag nanoparticle label. Electrochemical detection is carried out on a paper device. The three analytical figures of merit studied were the precision of the measurements, the calibration sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD). For the NT-proBNP assay, the results show that after optimization of the pulse amplitude and frequency of the potential input for SWASV, the detection efficiency is substantially higher compared to LASV. Specifically, the calibration sensitivity increased by up to ~40 fold, the average coefficient of variation decreased by ~40%, and the (LOD) decreased to 300.0 pM. Finally, for a model immunoassay, a ~10-fold decrease in the LOD was observed for SWASV compared to LASV.
A Rare Neuro-Ophthalmological Condition in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome, Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cruciani Alessandro , Motolese Francesco , Todisco Antonio , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Assenza Giovanni
Published: March 2022

The eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare neuro-ophthalmological condition caused by a structural lesion in the dorsal portion of the pons, involving critical areas of the brainstem, i.e., medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), abducens nucleus, facial genu, and colliculus. It is characterized by internuclear ophthalmoplegia with horizontal gaze palsy and peripheral facial palsy. Although the syndrome is most frequently caused by vascular or demyelinating diseases, several different underlying causes might occur. Herein, we describe a case of the eight-and-a-half syndrome caused by a lung adenocarcinoma metastasis localized in the lower pontine tegmentum. Then, we review the current literature on the underlying causes of the eight-and-a-half syndrome.
Anterior or Posterior Ankle Foot Orthoses for Ankle Spasticity: Which One Is Better?
Authors: Chen Carl P. C. , Suputtitada Areerat , Chatkungwanson Watchara , Seehaboot Kittikorn
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives: Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly used by stroke patients to walk safely and efficiently. Both posterior AFOs (PAFOs) and anterior AFOs (AAFOs) are available. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of AAFOs and PAFOs in the treatment of ankle spasticity. Materials and Methods: A crossover design with randomization for the interventions and blinded assessors was used. Twenty patients with chronic stroke, a Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score of the ankle joint of 2, and a Tardieu angle ≥20 degrees were recruited. The patients were assigned to wear either an AAFO or PAFO at random and subsequently crossover to the other AFO. Results: Twenty stroke patients with ankle spasticity were recruited. The mean age was 46.60 (38–60) years. The mean time since stroke onset was 9.35 (6–15) months. It was discovered that the AAFO improved walking speed as well as the stretch reflex dynamic electromyography (dEMG) and walking dEMG amplitudes of the medial gastrocnemius muscles more significantly than the PAFO (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The AAFO had greater efficacy in reducing both static and dynamic ankle spasticity, and allowed for faster walking than the PAFO. The stretch reflex and walking dEMG amplitudes could be used for quantitative spasticity assessment.
Emotional Function, Negative Thoughts about the Pandemic, and Adaptability Skills among Dementia Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nikolaidou Evdokia , Tsatali Marianna , Eleftheriou Marina , Wang Helen , Karagiozi Konstantina , Margaritidou Petrina , Tsolaki Magdalini
Published: March 2022

Background: It can be easily inferred that dementia caregivers were severely affected by the general home confinement, or ‘lockdown’, due to their caregiving roles. Aim: The aim of the current study is to investigate how the quarantine measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the emotional function (specifically the emotional management, emotional experience, and stress symptoms) and the negative thoughts, as well as the adaptability skills, of Greek dementia caregivers. Materials andMethods: In total, 303 participants (138 in the non-caregiving adults-control group; 165 in the dementia caregivers-experimental group) were recruited from the day centers of the Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD) from June 2020 to January 2021 in Thessaloniki, Greece. The caregiving population was split into group 1 (those who participated in support groups) and group 2 (those who did not participate in support groups). A self-reported questionnaire was created for research purposes and was digitally administered to participants via Google forms. Results: During the quarantine period, dementia caregivers had more difficulties in emotional management, especially in regards to stress symptoms, which was measured via the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), in comparison to the control group. In regards to the caregiving populations, caregivers from group 1 were more able to manage their emotions according to their self-reports, but had increased agony and loneliness. Moreover, statistical significance was found between emotional management, negative feelings, and stress symptoms in those from group 2 who self-reported that the PwD deteriorated. This evidence was not found in group 1. Finally, there were no differences in the means of negative thoughts about the pandemic, as well as in the adaptation skills, both in dementia caregivers and in the control group, according to their self-reports. Discussion: It seems that different emotional aspects were affected in the dementia caregivers’ population, and, therefore, future psychotherapeutic interventions should focus on those most severely affected by the restrictive measures imposed.
Characteristics of Movement Disorders in Patients with Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy
Authors: Kimura Akio , Takekoshi Akira , Shimohata Takayoshi
Published: March 2022

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a type of autoimmune corticosteroid-responsive meningoencephalitis that occurs with or without myelitis. Movement disorders have been reported in GFAP-A patients but have not been characterized. In this study, we examined the characteristics of movement disorders in GFAP-A patients. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 87 consecutive patients with GFAP-A attending Gifu University Hospital in Japan. We compared the demographics, clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid characteristics, and neuroimaging findings from patients with and without movement disorders. Seventy-four patients (85%) had movement disorders, including ataxia (49%), tremor (45%), myoclonus (37%), dyskinesia (2%), opsoclonus (2%), rigidity (2%), myokymia (1%), and choreoathetosis (1%). GFAP-A patients with movement disorders were significantly older than those without. Movement disorders are therefore common in GFAP-A patients, and the main types of movement disorders observed in this population were ataxia, tremor, and myoclonus. These abnormal movements can serve as clinical features that facilitate the early diagnosis of GFAP-A. Elderly GFAP-A patients are more likely to have movement disorder complications than younger patients.
Analytical Pushover Curves for X-Concentric Braced Steel Frames
Authors: Amadio Claudio , Bomben Luca , Noè Salvatore
Published: March 2022

In this work, analytical pushover curves for concentric braced steel frames with active tension diagonal bracings (X-CBF) are proposed. A pushover “spindle”, characterized by two trilinear analytical capacity curves defined for an X-CBF system subjected to prefixed lateral forces distribution, is defined. The curves are able to grasp the elasto-plastic behavior of the X-CBFs. The reliability of this analytical proposal is verified by a series of numerical comparisons obtained through an accurate finite element model, calibrated on the basis of experimental results. The proposal is extended to whole single- and multi-storey structures, showing a good correspondence with the numerical results of the analyzed case studies.
Ruthenium(II) Phosphine/Picolylamine Dichloride Complexes Hydrogenation and DFT Calculations
Authors: Sun Manluan , Ge Sai , Zhao Jianguo , McDonald Robert , Ma Guibin
Published: March 2022

Treating [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] with the amine 2-picolylamine (Picam) ligand in a 1:1 molar ratio, the Ru(II) complex trans-Ru(PPh3)2(Picam)Cl2 (1) is obtained in methylene chloride and can be isolated as a pure solid compound. The single-crystal structure of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The geometry at the Ru metal center is a distorted octahedral environment with a trans arrangement of the two chlorides. A trans effect of the bond lengths was observed within the structure. Similarly, treating [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] with 1:1:1 molar ratios of 2-picolylamine (Picam) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene (DPPF) ligands yielded the Ru(II) complex trans-Ru(DPPF)(Picam)Cl2 (2). In identical conditions, the homogeneous hydrogen transfer catalytic reactivity of complexes 1 and 2 has been tested in a basic 2-propanol solution and they indicate different catalytic activity. It was discovered that monodentate and bidentate phosphine ligands of Ru(II) complexes, as well as cis- and trans-chloro configuration display different catalytic properties from our experimental data, in agreement with literature data. Based on DFT calculations, the relative molecular catalytic reactivity of all available experimental data is understood from the relative calculated molecular energy.
Photocatalytic Selective Degradation of Catechol and Resorcinol on the TiO2 with Exposed {001} Facets: Roles of Two Types of Hydroxyl Radicals
Authors: Jiang Feng , Gao Jiansha , Lang Di
Published: March 2022

Photocatalytic studies on contaminant degradation in water suspension generally suggest that the degradation reaction mainly takes place on the surface of the photocatalysts rather than in the water phase. The mechanism of selective degradation is often difficult to distinguish concerning the contribution of adsorption and radical selectivity. This study is thus designed to investigate the roles of two types of hydroxyl radicals, adsorbed hydroxyl radical (·OHa) and free hydroxyl radical (·OHf), on the selective degradation of catechol (CT) and resorcinol (RE). CT and RE are significantly different in adsorption on a TiO2 photocatalyst with a highly exposed {001} facet. CT can be selectively degraded by TiO2 and was highly correlated with adsorption. Free radical quenching experiment results showed that the degradation of CT can be identified as the combined effect of both ·OHa and ·OHf, while the degradation of RE was mainly due to the ·OHf. Electron paramagnetic resonance coupled with spin trapping agents was used to detect the relative concentration of hydroxyl radicals in all the photocatalytic degradation processes. After a series analysis, we proposed that the mechanism of selective degradation mainly depends on the concentration of ·OHf for the pollutant molecules with weak adsorption on the catalyst surface.
Dispersion and Stabilization of Supported Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Nanocomposites on V-Based Catalysts for Nonoxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene
Authors: Liu Fanji , Han Mingxun , Li Xiangxiang , Zhang Xiqing , Wang Yanting , Xu Yanhong , Zhang Lihong
Published: March 2022

Nonoxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane is one of the sustainable strategies for producing high value added isobutene. As alternatives for the commercial Pt- and Cr-based dehydrogenation catalysts, supported V-based catalysts are worthy of study. In this work, a series of VOx/mMgAlO-R catalysts (m = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) were designed and prepared by loading VOx on mMgAlO composite oxide supports derived from mesoporous Al2O3-supported layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites. The calcined and reduced catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis) spectra, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), Temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and low temperature N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The as-synthesized VOx/20MgAlO-R with appropriate Mg addition exhibits superior activity (43–56% conversion and 77–81% selectivity), excellent stability and coking-resistance for the isobutane dehydrogenation. The structure–performance relationship reveals that the formation of VOx species confined in the reconstructed LDH interlayer and porous MgO facilitates dispersing and stabilizing the VOx species. The low polymerization degree and higher proportion of V4+ ion for VOx species, strong acidity of medium acid sites and low concentration of strong acid sites are responsible for the excellent anti-coking and catalytic performance. The strong VOx–support interaction is beneficial for enhancing the stability of the catalysts.
Artificial Oocyte: Development and Potential Application
Authors: Oqani Reza K. , So Seongjun , Lee Yeonmi , Ko Jung Jae , Kang Eunju
Published: March 2022

Millions of people around the world suffer from infertility, with the number of infertile couples and individuals increasing every year. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been widely developed in recent years; however, some patients are unable to benefit from these technologies due to their lack of functional germ cells. Therefore, the development of alternative methods seems necessary. One of these methods is to create artificial oocytes. Oocytes can be generated in vitro from the ovary, fetal gonad, germline stem cells (GSCs), ovarian stem cells, or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). This approach has raised new hopes in both basic research and medical applications. In this article, we looked at the principle of oocyte development, the landmark studies that enhanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern oogenesis in vivo, as well as the mechanisms underlying in vitro generation of functional oocytes from different sources of mouse and human stem cells. In addition, we introduced next-generation ART using somatic cells with artificial oocytes. Finally, we provided an overview of the reproductive application of in vitro oogenesis and its use in human fertility.
Photosynthetic Protein-Based Edible Quality Formation in Various Porphyra dentata Harvests Determined by Label-Free Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Yang Mingchang , Ma Lizhen , Yang Xianqing , Li Laihao , Chen Shengjun , Qi Bo , Wang Yueqi , Li Chunsheng , Wei Ya , Zhao Yongqiang
Published: March 2022

The influence of harvest time on the photosynthetic protein quality of the red alga Porphyra dentata was determined using label-free proteomics. Of 2716 differentially abundant proteins that were identified in this study, 478 were upregulated and 374 were downregulated. The top enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) pathways were metabolic processes and biosynthetic pathways such as photosynthesis, light harvesting, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Nine important photosynthetic proteins were screened. Correlations among their expression levels were contrasted and verified by western blotting. PSII D1 and 44-kDa protein levels increased with later harvest time and increased light exposure. Specific photoprotective protein expression accelerated P. dentata growth and development. Biological processes such as photosynthesis and carbon cycling increased carbohydrate metabolism and decreased the total protein content. The results of the present study provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the culture and harvest of P. dentata.
The Effects of the Combination of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Nanofiber-Hydrogel Composite on Repair of the Contused Spinal Cord
Authors: Haggerty Agnes E. , Maldonado-Lasunción Ines , Nitobe Yohshiro , Yamane Kentaro , Marlow Megan M. , You Hua , Zhang Chi , Cho Brian , Li Xiaowei , Reddy Sashank , Mao Hai-Quan , Oudega Martin
Published: March 2022

A bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplant and a bioengineered nanofiber-hydrogel composite (NHC) have been shown to stimulate nervous tissue repair in the contused spinal cord in rodent models. Here, these two modalities were combined to assess their repair effects in the contused spinal cord in adult rats. Cohorts of contused rats were treated with MSC in NHC (MSC-NHC), MSC in phosphate-buffered saline (MSC-PBS), NHC, or PBS injected into the contusion site at 3 days post-injury. One week after injury, there were significantly fewer CD68+ cells in the contusion with MSC-NHC and NHC, but not MSC-PBS. The reduction in CD86+ cells in the injury site with MSC-NHC was mainly attributed to NHC. One and eight weeks after injury, we found a greater CD206+/CD86+ cell ratio with MSC-NHC or NHC, but not MSC-PBS, indicating a shift from a pro-inflammatory towards an anti-inflammatory milieu in the injury site. Eight weeks after injury, the injury size was significantly reduced with MSC-NHC, NHC, and MSC-PBS. At this time, astrocyte, and axon presence in the injury site was greater with MSC-NHC compared with MSC-PBS. We did not find a significant effect of NHC on MSC transplant survival, and hind limb function was similar across all groups. However, we did find fewer macrophages at 1 week post-injury, more macrophages polarized towards a pro-regenerative phenotype at 1 and 8 weeks after injury, and reduced injury volume, more astrocytes, and more axons at 8 weeks after injury in rats with MSC-NHC and NHC alone compared with MSC-PBS; these findings were especially significant between rats with MSC-NHC and MSC-PBS. The data support further study in the use of an NHC-MSC combination transplant in the contused spinal cord.
Functional and Phenotypic Characterization of Siglec-6 on Human Mast Cells
Authors: Robida Piper A. , Rische Clayton H. , Morgenstern Netali Ben-Baruch , Janarthanam Rethavathi , Cao Yun , Krier-Burris Rebecca A. , Korver Wouter , Xu Alan , Luu Thuy , Schanin Julia , Leung John , Rothenberg Marc E. , Wechsler Joshua B. , Youngblood Bradford A. , Bochner Bruce S. , O’Sullivan Jeremy A.
Published: March 2022

Mast cells are tissue-resident cells that contribute to allergic diseases, among others, due to excessive or inappropriate cellular activation and degranulation. Therapeutic approaches to modulate mast cell activation are urgently needed. Siglec-6 is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptor selectively expressed by mast cells, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, the effects of its engagement on mast cells are poorly defined. Siglec-6 expression and endocytosis on primary human mast cells and mast cell lines were assessed by flow cytometry. SIGLEC6 mRNA expression was examined by single-cell RNAseq in esophageal tissue biopsy samples. The ability of Siglec-6 engagement or co-engagement to prevent primary mast cell activation was determined based on assessments of mediator and cytokine secretion and degranulation markers. Siglec-6 was highly expressed by all mast cells examined, and the SIGLEC6 transcript was restricted to mast cells in esophageal biopsy samples. Siglec-6 endocytosis occurred with delayed kinetics relative to the related receptor Siglec-8. Co-crosslinking of Siglec-6 with FcεRIα enhanced the inhibition of mast cell activation and diminished downstream ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. The selective, stable expression and potent inhibitory capacity of Siglec-6 on human mast cells are favorable for its use as a therapeutic target in mast cell-driven diseases.
Astrocytic Glutamatergic Transmission and Its Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Satarker Sairaj , Bojja Sree Lalitha , Gurram Prasada Chowdari , Mudgal Jayesh , Arora Devinder , Nampoothiri Madhavan
Published: March 2022

Several neurodegenerative disorders involve impaired neurotransmission, and glutamatergic neurotransmission sets a prototypical example. Glutamate is a predominant excitatory neurotransmitter where the astrocytes play a pivotal role in maintaining the extracellular levels through release and uptake mechanisms. Astrocytes modulate calcium-mediated excitability and release several neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, including glutamate, and significantly modulate neurotransmission. Accumulating evidence supports the concept of excitotoxicity caused by astrocytic glutamatergic release in pathological conditions. Thus, the current review highlights different vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms of astrocytic glutamate release and their implication in neurodegenerative diseases. As in presynaptic neurons, the vesicular release of astrocytic glutamate is also primarily meditated by calcium-mediated exocytosis. V-ATPase is crucial in the acidification and maintenance of the gradient that facilitates the vesicular storage of glutamate. Along with these, several other components, such as cystine/glutamate antiporter, hemichannels, BEST-1, TREK-1, purinergic receptors and so forth, also contribute to glutamate release under physiological and pathological conditions. Events of hampered glutamate uptake could promote inflamed astrocytes to trigger repetitive release of glutamate. This could be favorable towards the development and worsening of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, across neurodegenerative diseases, we review the relations between defective glutamatergic signaling and astrocytic vesicular and non-vesicular events in glutamate homeostasis. The optimum regulation of astrocytic glutamatergic transmission could pave the way for the management of these diseases and add to their therapeutic value.