bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elliptical Trainer Redesign to Diversify Muscles Recruitment
Authors: Dweiri Yazan M. , Al-Dwairi Abdullah F. , Al-Zanina Mousa S. , Al Diabat Reham
Published: May 2022

This work aims to introduce simple-to-implement modifications to the elliptical trainer device to increase its utility with added new exercise options. The effectiveness of the introduced modifications was assessed on 51 subjects, with effectiveness representing the recruitment of a broader range of muscle groups with desired intensity levels. The improvements include a new in-phase mode, where bilateral body synchronization creates a skiing-like motion, and a variable range of motion through adjusting the stride length of a rotating-link mechanism. The impact of these modifications on muscle recruitment was assessed by recording surface electromyogram (sEMG) from eleven major muscles while performing a total of six exercise routines. The routines have various combinations of mode and intensity to cover the traditional mechanism and the newly introduced mechanism adjustments for comparative analysis. The results have shown that increasing the stride length increases the demand on lower limbs muscles during the antiphase mode while decreasing it on upper limb muscles. When comparing the two exercise modes, all muscle groups showed significantly higher activity in the in-phase mode except for thigh muscles (Hamstrings and Quadriceps). Hamstrings revealed significantly higher activity in the antiphase mode, while Quadriceps showed no significantly different activity between the two modes. The introduced design modifications are shown to diversify the demand on major skeletal muscles hence improving its functionality at low added cost. Furthermore, these results can be exploited to implement gradual physiotherapeutic rehabilitation plans targeting various muscle groups with desired intensity levels.
High-Speed Jet Injector for Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Hankare Priyanka , Agrawala Ashish , Menezes Viren
Published: May 2022

A shock wave-driven needle-free syringe was developed and tested for liquid jet delivery into an artificial skin model and porcine skin samples. The device could deliver an adequate volume of liquid to a depth sufficient for drug dissemination in skin samples. The device is equipped with a splash-proof conduit and a silencer for smooth operation. The concept is expected to minimize the pain of liquid injection by (a) minimally breaching the blood vessels in the skin, (b) reducing trauma and inflammation, and aiding in regeneration of the incised spot by the liquid of the jet, and (c) preserving most of the microcirculation system in the target, enabling an effective drug uptake. A theoretical model that predicts jet penetration into viscoelastic targets is derived and presented. A sound agreement has been observed between the experimental jet penetration depths and the corresponding theoretical predictions. The development can offer a cost-effective, minimally invasive health care solution for immunization and drug delivery.
Numerical Investigation of Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of U-Tubes Enhanced With Ellipsoidal 45 deg Dimples
Authors: Sabir Rizwan , Khan Muhammad Mahabat , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmed
Published: May 2022

This study aims to numerically investigate thermal–hydraulic performance augmentation of ellipsoidal 45 deg dimpled U-tubes with various bend curvatures subjected to constant external heat flux (q′′=10kW/m2) for a range of Reynolds numbers (5000 ≤ Re ≤ 30,000). Three smooth U bends with curvatures radii of 0.695Dh, 1.5Dh, and 2.0Dh, where Dh is the hydraulic diameter of the smooth tube, are used in both smooth and enhanced tubes. A comparison of thermal-hydraulic characteristics of dimpled and smooth U-tubes is carried out using steady-state Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. The analysis shows that the performance of the dimpled U-tube is superior to the smooth tube for all bend curvatures. The swirl flow patterns generated by the dimples induce early flow reattachment in the postbend section of the tube, which enhances its heat transfer rate. The dimpled U-tube having the shortest curvature radius significantly alters Dean vortices, which leads to a substantial improvement in its heat and flow performances. The dimpled U-tube having the shortest curvature radius enhances the thermal–hydraulic performance by 21.4% while for other curvature radii (1.5Dh, and 2.0Dh), the performance augmentations are found to be 10.7% and 8.9%, respectively.
Reversible CD8 T cell–neuron cross-talk causes aging-dependent neuronal regenerative decline
Authors: Zhou Luming , Kong Guiping , Palmisano Ilaria , Cencioni Maria Teresa , Danzi Matt , De Virgiliis Francesco , Chadwick Jessica S. , Crawford Greg , Yu Zicheng , De Winter Fred , Lemmon Vance , Bixby John , Puttagunta Radhika , Verhaagen Joost , Pospori Constandina , Lo Celso Cristina , Strid Jessica , Botto Marina , Di Giovanni Simone
Published: May 2022

Aging is associated with increased prevalence of axonal injuries characterized by poor regeneration and disability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In our experiments, RNA sequencing of sciatic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) revealed significant aging-dependent enrichment in T cell signaling both before and after sciatic nerve injury (SNI) in mice. Lymphotoxin activated the transcription factor NF-κB, which induced expression of the chemokine CXCL13 by neurons. This in turn recruited CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T cells to injured DRG neurons overexpressing major histocompatibility complex class I. CD8
+
T cells repressed the axonal regeneration of DRG neurons via caspase 3 activation. CXCL13 neutralization prevented CXCR5
+
CD8
+
T cell recruitment to the DRG and reversed aging-dependent regenerative decline, thereby promoting neurological recovery after SNI. Thus, axonal regeneration can be facilitated by antagonizing cross-talk between immune cells and neurons.
Quantum gas microscopy of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang superdiffusion
Authors: Wei David , Rubio-Abadal Antonio , Ye Bingtian , Machado Francisco , Kemp Jack , Srakaew Kritsana , Hollerith Simon , Rui Jun , Gopalakrishnan Sarang , Yao Norman Y. , Bloch Immanuel , Zeiher Johannes
Published: May 2022

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class describes the coarse-grained behavior of a wealth of classical stochastic models. Surprisingly, KPZ universality was recently conjectured to also describe spin transport in the one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg model. We tested this conjecture by experimentally probing transport in a cold-atom quantum simulator via the relaxation of domain walls in spin chains of up to 50 spins. We found that domain-wall relaxation is indeed governed by the KPZ dynamical exponent
z
= 3/2 and that the occurrence of KPZ scaling requires both integrability and a nonabelian SU(2) symmetry. Finally, we leveraged the single-spin–sensitive detection enabled by the quantum gas microscope to measure an observable based on spin-transport statistics. Our results yield a clear signature of the nonlinearity that is a hallmark of KPZ universality.
Highly enhanced ferroelectricity in HfO
2
-based ferroelectric thin film by light ion bombardment
Authors: Kang Seunghun , Jang Woo-Sung , Morozovska Anna N. , Kwon Owoong , Jin Yeongrok , Kim Young-Hoon , Bae Hagyoul , Wang Chenxi , Yang Sang-Hyeok , Belianinov Alex , Randolph Steven , Eliseev Eugene A. , Collins Liam , Park Yeehyun , Jo Sanghyun , Jung Min-Hyoung , Go Kyoung-June , Cho Hae Won , Choi Si-Young , Jang Jae Hyuck , Kim Sunkook , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Jaekwang , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Heo Jinseong , Kalinin Sergei V. , Kim Young-Min , Kim Yunseok
Published: May 2022

Continuous advancement in nonvolatile and morphotropic beyond-Moore electronic devices requires integration of ferroelectric and semiconductor materials. The emergence of hafnium oxide (HfO
2
)–based ferroelectrics that are compatible with atomic-layer deposition has opened interesting and promising avenues of research. However, the origins of ferroelectricity and pathways to controlling it in HfO
2
are still mysterious. We demonstrate that local helium (He) implantation can activate ferroelectricity in these materials. The possible competing mechanisms, including He ion–induced molar volume changes, vacancy redistribution, vacancy generation, and activation of vacancy mobility, are analyzed. These findings both reveal the origins of ferroelectricity in this system and open pathways for nanoengineered binary ferroelectrics.
Single-nucleus cross-tissue molecular reference maps toward understanding disease gene function
Authors: Eraslan Gökcen , Drokhlyansky Eugene , Anand Shankara , Fiskin Evgenij , Subramanian Ayshwarya , Slyper Michal , Wang Jiali , Van Wittenberghe Nicholas , Rouhana John M. , Waldman Julia , Ashenberg Orr , Lek Monkol , Dionne Danielle , Win Thet Su , Cuoco Michael S. , Kuksenko Olena , Tsankov Alexander M. , Branton Philip A. , Marshall Jamie L. , Greka Anna , Getz Gad , Segrè Ayellet V. , Aguet François , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Ardlie Kristin G. , Regev Aviv
Published: May 2022

Understanding gene function and regulation in homeostasis and disease requires knowledge of the cellular and tissue contexts in which genes are expressed. Here, we applied four single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods to eight diverse, archived, frozen tissue types from 16 donors and 25 samples, generating a cross-tissue atlas of 209,126 nuclei profiles, which we integrated across tissues, donors, and laboratory methods with a conditional variational autoencoder. Using the resulting cross-tissue atlas, we highlight shared and tissue-specific features of tissue-resident cell populations; identify cell types that might contribute to neuromuscular, metabolic, and immune components of monogenic diseases and the biological processes involved in their pathology; and determine cell types and gene modules that might underlie disease mechanisms for complex traits analyzed by genome-wide association studies.
Fractal photonic topological insulators
Authors: Biesenthal Tobias , Maczewsky Lukas J. , Yang Zhaoju , Kremer Mark , Segev Mordechai , Szameit Alexander , Heinrich Matthias
Published: May 2022

Topological insulators constitute a newly characterized state of matter that contains scatter-free edge states surrounding an insulating bulk. Conventional wisdom regards the insulating bulk as essential, because the invariants that describe the topological properties of the system are defined therein. Here, we study fractal topological insulators based on exact fractals composed exclusively of edge sites. We present experimental proof that, despite the lack of bulk bands, photonic lattices of helical waveguides support topologically protected chiral edge states. We show that light transport in our topological fractal system features increased velocities compared with the corresponding honeycomb lattice. By going beyond the confines of the bulk-boundary correspondence, our findings pave the way toward an expanded perception of topological insulators and open a new chapter of topological fractals.
Anomalous fluid flow in quantum systems
Authors: Morningstar Alan , Bakr Waseem
Published: May 2022

New regimes of hydrodynamics are probed with synthetic quantum matter
Mapping the developing human immune system across organs
Authors: Suo Chenqu , Dann Emma , Goh Issac , Jardine Laura , Kleshchevnikov Vitalii , Park Jong-Eun , Botting Rachel A. , Stephenson Emily , Engelbert Justin , Tuong Zewen Kelvin , Polanski Krzysztof , Yayon Nadav , Xu Chuan , Suchanek Ondrej , Elmentaite Rasa , Domínguez Conde Cecilia , He Peng , Pritchard Sophie , Miah Mohi , Moldovan Corina , Steemers Alexander S. , Mazin Pavel , Prete Martin , Horsfall Dave , Marioni John C. , Clatworthy Menna R. , Haniffa Muzlifah , Teichmann Sarah A.
Published: May 2022

Single-cell genomics studies have decoded the immune cell composition of several human prenatal organs but were limited in describing the developing immune system as a distributed network across tissues. We profiled nine prenatal tissues combining single-cell RNA sequencing, antigen-receptor sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics to reconstruct the developing human immune system. This revealed the late acquisition of immune-effector functions by myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets and the maturation of monocytes and T cells before peripheral tissue seeding. Moreover, we uncovered system-wide blood and immune cell development beyond primary hematopoietic organs, characterized human prenatal B1 cells, and shed light on the origin of unconventional T cells. Our atlas provides both valuable data resources and biological insights that will facilitate cell engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease understanding.
Comment on “Cryoforged nanotwinned titanium with ultrahigh strength and ductility”
Authors: Guo Yazhou , Wu Xiaolei , Wei Qiuming
Published: May 2022

We analyze the results of Zhao
et al
. (Reports, 17 September 2021, p. 1363) with a focus on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution. We conclude that their results, together with the explanations and interpretations, are confusing, misleading, or even wrong.
Response to Comment on “Cryoforged nanotwinned titanium with ultrahigh strength and ductility”
Authors: Zhao Shiteng , Zhang Ruopeng , Yu Qin , Ell Jon , Ritchie Robert O. , Minor Andrew M.
Published: May 2022

We address the three main points of Guo
et al
. They claim that we should have used the engineering stress versus engineering strain curves to infer the mechanical properties of our nanotwinned titanium, question our sample design on the basis of a finite-element analysis, and doubt the immobility of some preexisting grain/twin boundaries in our electron backscatter diffraction micrographs. We find their analysis to be groundless and to contain many inconsistencies.
The limits of forest carbon sequestration
Authors: Green Julia K. , Keenan Trevor F.
Published: May 2022

Current models may be overestimating the sequestration potential of forests
The becoming of the human brain
Zero to Birth: How the Human Brain Is Built
William A. Harris
Princeton University Press, 2022. 272 pp.
Authors: Fields R. Douglas
Published: May 2022

A neuroscientist traces the development of the body’s most complex organ
Immune cells impede repair of old neurons
Authors: Gaudenzio Nicolas , Liblau Roland S.
Published: May 2022

Interfering with age-related neuroimmune interactions promotes nerve regeneration
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Stern Peter , Szuromi Phil , Grocholski Brent , Yeston Jake , Hodges Kip , Lopez Bianca , Maroso Mattia , Zahn Laura M. , Jiang Di , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Lavine Marc S. , Erkes Dan A. , Ferrarelli Leslie K. , Lou Xiong Wen David , Stajic Jelena
Published: May 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
New subvariants are masters of immune evasion
Authors: Vogel Gretchen
Published: May 2022

Vaccines and prior infection still prevent severe disease from new SARS-CoV-2 strains
Immune recall improves antibody durability and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Chen Yuezhou , Tong Pei , Whiteman Noah , Sanjari Moghaddam Ali , Zarghami Mehrdad , Zuiani Adam , Habibi Shaghayegh , Gautam Avneesh , Keerti  , Bi Caihong , Xiao Tianshu , Cai Yongfei , Chen Bing , Neuberg Donna , Wesemann Duane R.
Published: May 2022

Key features of immune memory are greater and faster antigen-specific antibody responses to repeat infection. In the setting of immune-evading viral evolution, it is important to understand how far antibody memory recognition stretches across viral variants when memory cells are recalled to action by repeat invasions. It is also important to understand how immune recall influences longevity of secreted antibody responses. We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 variant recognition; dynamics of memory B cells; and secreted antibody over time after infection, vaccination, and boosting. We find that a two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regimen given after natural infection generated greater longitudinal antibody stability and induced maximal antibody magnitudes with enhanced breadth across Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants. A homologous third messenger RNA vaccine dose in COVID-naïve individuals conferred greater cross-variant evenness of neutralization potency with stability that was equal to the hybrid immunity conferred by infection plus vaccination. Within unvaccinated individuals who recovered from COVID, enhanced antibody stability over time was observed within a subgroup of individuals who recovered more quickly from COVID and harbored significantly more memory B cells cross-reactive to endemic coronaviruses early after infection. These cross-reactive clones map to the conserved S2 region of SARS-CoV-2 spike with higher somatic hypermutation levels and greater target affinity. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 antigen challenge histories in humans influence not only the speed and magnitude of antibody responses but also functional cross-variant antibody repertoire composition and longevity.
HBsu Is Required for the Initiation of DNA Replication in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Karaboja Xheni , Wang Xindan
Published: May 2022

While it is common for a bacterial species to express multiple nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), NAPs are seldomly essential for cell survival. In
B. subtilis
, HBsu is a NAP essential for cell viability. Here, using conditional alleles to rapidly remove or inactivate HBsu, we show that the absence of HBsu abolishes the initiation of DNA replication
in vivo
. Understanding HBsu’s function can provide new insights into the regulation of DNA replication initiation in bacteria.
The Impact of Natural Transformation on the Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants
Authors: Perez Federico , Stiefel Usha
Published: May 2022

Carbapenem and multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Acinetobacter baumannii
leads the World Health Organization’s list of priority pathogens and represents an unmet medical need. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen is fundamental to the development of novel therapeutics as well as to infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship strategies designed to limit its spread.
Rapid Capsular Antigen Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Inhalational Anthrax: Preclinical Studies and Evaluation in a Nonhuman Primate Model
Authors: Gates-Hollingsworth Marcellene A. , Kolton Cari B. , Hoffmaster Alex R. , Meister Gabriel T. , Moore Addie E. , Green Heather R. , Pogoda Janice M. , Pillai Segaran P. , Kozel Thomas R.
Published: May 2022

Patient outcome in anthrax is critically dependent on early diagnosis followed by effective treatment. We describe a rapid lateral flow immunoassay that detects capsular antigen of
Bacillus anthracis
that is shed into blood during infection.
Draft Genome Sequences for Three
Ophiostoma
Species Acquired during Revisions of Australian Plant Pathogen Reference Collections
Authors: Trollip Conrad , Carnegie Angus J. , Rodoni Brendan , Edwards Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

The fungal genus
Ophiostoma
contains numerous species that share close associations with wood-boring insects, a relationship with important consequences for global biosecurity. Here, we provide draft genomes for three
Ophiostoma
species within the well-known
Ophiostoma ulmi
complex. These resources are valuable for future research efforts related to
Ophiostoma
and the establishment of biosecurity-focused databases.
bla
KPC-24
-Harboring Aeromonas veronii from the Hospital Sewage Samples in China
Authors: Yang Chengcheng , Guo Min , Yang Haizhen , Wen Yicheng , Zhu Zhichen , Wang Tao , Zhu Jie , Chen Liang , Du Hong
Published: May 2022

Our study described a variant of
K. pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC), KPC-24, from two
A. veronii
strains isolated from hospital sewage, in which antibiotics, biocides, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals may supply an appropriate condition for the evolution of carbapenemases. Some variants exhibited stronger hydrolysis activity to antibiotics and gave rise to a major public health concern.
U-Pb dating reveals multiple Paleoproterozoic orogenic events (Hamersley orogenic cycle) along the southern Pilbara margin (Australia) spanning the onset of atmospheric oxygenation
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , Zi Jian-wei , Muhling Janet
Published: May 2022

The early Paleoproterozoic was a time of unprecedented change in Earth's climate and surface environment. The key to resolving some of the controversies surrounding the timing and causes of these changes lies with supracrustal sequences, such as the 2.45–2.22 Ga Turee Creek Group in the southern Pilbara craton, northwestern Australia. The group preserves a predominantly siliciclastic sequence; however, its precise age, tectonic setting, and postdepositional history are disputed. Although it is interpreted to have been deposited in a foreland basin setting shortly after 2.45 Ga, the oldest well-recognized deformational event, marked by northward folding and thrusting, is the 2.20–2.15 Ga Ophthalmia orogeny. Evidence for a pre-Ophthalmia fabric-forming tectonic event north of the Archean Sylvania Inlier, southeast Pilbara craton, which is marked by tight to isoclinal folding, has been largely overlooked. In this area, we report in situ U-Pb geochronology of authigenic monazite and xenotime in shale with a well-developed tectonic cleavage from the ca. 2.63 Ga Jeerinah Formation. Monazite porphyroblasts, which are locally wrapped by strain fringes aligned in a tectonic cleavage, yielded weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages at 2370 ± 11 Ma and 2312 ± 8 Ma, whereas xenotime, which overprints a crenulation cleavage, gave a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2291 ± 11 Ma, constraining fabric development to between 2.31 Ga and 2.29 Ga. Our results confirm the existence of a pre-Ophthalmia deformational event in the southeastern Pilbara craton, herein referred to as the Sylvania orogeny, which is part of an ~300 m.y. interval (2.45–2.15 Ga) of northward-directed compression (“Hamersley orogenic cycle”). This orogenic cycle is marked by east-west and northwest-southeast folding, cleavage development, veining, hydrothermal gold mineralization, and isotopic resetting across the southern Pilbara craton. Our results indicate that the syn–Great Oxidation Event Turee Creek Group was deposited in one or more foreland basins after 2.45 Ga. Our results provide a new tectonostratigraphic and geodynamic framework for understanding the timing and origin of geochemical records in a key succession deposited during an interval of global environmental change.
DNA metabarcoding of faecal pellets reveals high consumption of yew (Taxusspp.) by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in a lichen-poor environment
Authors: Mitchell Greniqueca , Wilson Paul J. , Manseau Micheline , Redquest Bridget , Patterson Brent R. , Rutledge Linda Y.
Published: May 2022

Woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou) are threatened in Canada because of the drastic decline in population size caused primarily by human-induced landscape changes that decrease habitat and increase predation risk. Conservation efforts have largely focused on reducing predators and protecting critical habitat, whereas research on dietary niches and the role of potential food constraints in lichen-poor environments is limited. To improve our understanding of dietary niche variability, we used a next-generation sequencing approach with metabarcoding of DNA extracted from faecal pellets of woodland caribou located on Lake Superior in lichen-rich (mainland) and lichen-poor (island) environments. Amplicon sequencing of fungal ITS2 region revealed lichen-associated fungi as predominant in samples from both populations, but amplification at the chloroplast trnL region, which was only successful on island samples, revealed primary consumption of yew ( Taxus spp.) based on relative read abundance (83.68%) with dogwood ( Cornus spp.; 9.67%) and maple ( Acer spp.; 4.10%) also prevalent. These results suggest that conservation efforts for caribou need to consider the availability of food resources beyond lichen to ensure successful outcomes. More broadly, we provide a reliable methodology for assessing ungulate diet from archived faecal pellets that could reveal important dietary shifts over time in response to climate change.
Moving Force Identification Based on Group Lasso and Compressed Sensing
Authors: Zhang Luqi , Liang Yi , Yu Ling
Published: May 2022

Moving force identification (MFI) is one of the challenging tasks in bridge structural health monitoring (SHM). Especially when the vehicles get on and off the bridge, or cross bridge expansion joints and speed humps, the impact of vehicle loads on bridge structures is commonly focused and the accuracy of MFI results still needs further enhancements. To address this issue, a new MFI framework is proposed by using both group sparsity theory and compressed sensing (CS) in this study. Specifically, with the help of the relationship between moving vehicle loads and bridge responses induced by the traffic, a redundant dictionary based on CS is used to establish the motion equation of the vehicle–bridge system in conjunction with classical theory of MFI. A group structure on the sparse coefficient vector of each moving force tends to be divided into different groups (no overlapping), where sparse coefficient vectors and measurement matrices are divided in different groupings and eventually reconstructed for unknown vectors of moving forces. Additionally, the effect of different ratios of number of groups to sparsity (g/k) on the MFI results is considered. Finally, numerical simulations and experimental verifications are carried out to assess the performance and capability of the proposed framework. The illustrated results show that the group lasso could precisely reconstruct the moving forces more accurately after proper grouping. The proposed new MFI framework outperforms the traditional L2regularization or CS methods with a higher identification accuracy and a good robustness to measurement noises, which can be effectively used for the MFI problem in practice.
On radical ideals of non-commutative rings
Authors: Groenewald Nico
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] denote the Jacobson radical of a commutative ring [Formula: see text]. In [H. A. Khashan and A. B. Bani-Ata, [Formula: see text]-ideals of commutative rings, Int. Electron. J. Algebra 29 (2021) 148–164], the notion of J-ideals was introduced. If [Formula: see text] denotes the prime radical of a commutative ring then in [U. Tekir, S. Koc and K. H. Oral, [Formula: see text]-Ideals of commutative rings, Filomat 31(10) (2017) 2933–2941], the notion of an [Formula: see text] ideal of a commutative ring was introduced and studied. In this note, we show that these results are special cases of a more general situation. We define [Formula: see text]-ideals for a special radical [Formula: see text] and prove that most of the results of the above-mentioned papers are satisfied for non-commutative rings as a special case.
STRATEGICALLY BIASED LEARNING IN MARKET INTERACTIONS
Authors: BOTTAZZI GIULIO , GIACHINI DANIELE
Published: May 2022

We consider a market economy where two rational agents are able to learn the distribution of future events. In this context, we study whether moving away from the standard Bayesian belief updating, in the sense of under-reaction to some degree to new information, may be strategically convenient for traders. We show that, in equilibrium, strong under-reaction occurs, thus rational agents may strategically want to bias their learning process. Our analysis points out that the underlying mechanism driving ex-ante strategical decisions is diversity seeking. Finally, we show that, even if robust with respect to strategy selection, strong under-reaction can generate low realized welfare levels because of a long transient phase in which the agent makes poor predictions.
On inflationary parameters in scalar–tensor theories
Authors: Murorunkwere Beatrice , Twagirayezu Fidele , Munyeshyaka Albert , Ntahompagaze Joseph , Ayirwanda Abraham
Published: May 2022

The equivalence between [Formula: see text] and scalar–tensor theories is revisited, we consequently explored different [Formula: see text] models. After consideration of specific definition of the scalar field, we derived the potentials [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] model focusing on the early Universe, mostly the inflation epoch. For a given potential, we applied the slow-roll approximation approach to each [Formula: see text] model and obtained the expressions for the spectral index [Formula: see text] and tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text]. We determined the corresponding numerical values associated with each of the [Formula: see text] models. Our results showed that for certain choice of parameter space, the values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are consistent with the Planck survey results and others produce numerical values that are in the same range as suggested by Planck data. We further constructed the Klein–Gordon equations (KGEs) of each [Formula: see text] model. We found numerical solutions to each KGE considering different values of free parameters and initial conditions of each [Formula: see text] model. All models showed that the scalar field decreases as time increases, an indication that there is less content of the scalar field in the late Universe.
A Tuning Mode of Asymmetric Deformations on the Electric Characteristics of Piezoelectric PN Junctions
Authors: Yang Wanli , Wang Yunbo , Hu Yuantai
Published: May 2022

Influence of asymmetric deformations and the interface polarized charges (IPCs) on the electric characterization of a piezoelectric PN junction is studied in this paper via a fully-coupled model of piezoelectric PN junctions without the depletion layer assumption. A tuning mode of asymmetric deformations on electric characteristics of piezoelectric PN junctions is put forward and the mechanism is analyzed in detail. It is found that the interfacial potential barrier size in the n/p region can be tuned out of sync under the asymmetric deformations. The improved I–V characteristic of a ZnO PN junction is analyzed in detail by applying asymmetric deformation. It is found that the output current can be obviously enhanced by optimizing the recombination rate not only near the interface but also at the loading point. Particularly, the area with evident recombination rate at the interface can be driven to shift a little deviation from there via IPCs, which can be used to avoid the influence of the interface effects (scattering by interface states and defects there) on the mutual conversion between the majority and minority currents. Obviously, the study possesses referential significance to the mechanical tuning on the performance of piezotronic devices.
Optimal Response Prediction of Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Plate: Theoretical and Experimental Verification
Authors: Rajamohan Vasudevan , Sudhagar P. Edwin , Praveen A. Paul , Topal Umut , Panda Subrata Kumar , Vo-Duy Trung
Published: May 2022

This study reports the optimal frequencies and damping factor of the honeycomb sandwich composite plates. The sandwich panel face sheets have been considered as layered composite and honeycomb core. The higher-order shear deformation theory has been adopted to formulate the structural model and solve the governing equations of motion of sandwich structures to compute the frequencies. An optimal layout of the honeycomb composite laminated sandwich structure is being utilized to improvise both the fundamental natural frequencies and damping factors using a teaching–learning-centered artificial bee colony (TLABC). An experimental investigation is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the current TLABC algorithm to identify the optimal values by comparing them with numerically obtained results. Additionally, for the optimal layer sequences and the fiber orientations of the composite laminated plates, several optimization problems are developed with the objective functions of frequency maximization and modal damping factors (MDF). The TLABC algorithm integrated with finite element method has been utilized to evaluate the said responses. Hence, it is concluded that the efficient design layout of a honeycomb sandwich composite plate configurations would provide the guidelines for the designer to control the vibration effectively.
Progressive Failure Analysis of Composite Laminates Subjected to Transverse Loading with Augmented Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Shu , Ma Zhaoyang , Yang Qingda
Published: May 2022

In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) orthotropic augmented finite element method (A-FEM) is applied to account for progressive failure of composite laminates under transverse loading, which considers all major cracking modes (delamination, fiber kinking/rupture matrix cracking). High-fidelity simulations of different stacking composite laminates under transverse loading are implemented. Both predicted load−deflection curves and damage evolution are in good agreement with that of experimental results, which demonstrates the numerical capability of A-FEM. In addition, the influence of stacking sequence on the failure mechanism is also studied by predicted damage evolution of laminates with different stacking sequence [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Results show that the tensile matrix crack in the bottom laminar is always the first damage mode for the composite laminate, and the subsequent crack propagation is related to ply orientation of adjacent plies which have a blocking effect on crack propagation.
An Improved Mechanism-Based Strain Gradient Plasticity Model and Its Application to Size Effect Under Complex Loading
Authors: Zhao Leilei , Zhou Kecheng , Tang Ding , Wang Huamiao , Wu Peidong , Li Dayong , Peng Yinghong
Published: May 2022

The ingredient devices tend to be designed and fabricated with microscale, high accuracy, and complex geometry and are subjected to complex loading. Many experiments have proved that the size effect plays a significant role in designing and manufacturing an engineering component. This size effect is largely attributed to the grain size and the strain gradient. While the grain size effect was omitted in conventional strain gradient theories, an extended model that considers both effects of grain size and strain gradient has been proposed in the current work (denoted as GMSG). The proposed GMSG model has been implemented into the finite element method (denoted as GMSG-FEM) to investigate the size effect of copper wires under complex working conditions. The simulation results show that the hollow structure can improve the bearing capacity of the micro-wires under torsion. Among micro-wires with different cross-sections, the bearing capacity of the micro-wire with a circular section is the largest, followed by those with square and triangle sections. Complex loading also has an important influence on stress distribution. Based on the current study, it can be envisaged that the GMSG-FEM could be a useful tool in engineering applications where the size effect has to be considered.
Hierarchical medical diagnosis approach for COVID-19 based on picture fuzzy fairly aggregation operators
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Athar Farid Hafiz Muhammad
Published: May 2022

In Pakistan, a hierarchical healthcare system is an efficient way of addressing the issue of limited and insufficient healthcare services. Identifying the various degrees of disease based on the doctor’s diagnosis is an important step in developing the hierarchical healthcare treatment structure. This research presents a framework for dealing with the issue of diagnosis values presented as “picture fuzzy numbers (PFNs)”. Specifically, the goal of this study is to establish some innovative operational laws and “aggregation operators” (AOs) in a picture fuzzy environment. In this regard, we proposed some new neutral or fair operational laws that incorporate the concept of proportional distribution in order to achieve a neutral or fair remedy to the positive, neutral and negative aspects of PFNs. Based on the developed operational laws, we proposed the “picture fuzzy fairly weighted average operator” and the “picture fuzzy fairly ordered weighted averaging operator”. Compared to previous techniques, the proposed AOs provide more generalized and reliable. Furthermore, using proposed AOs with multiple decision-makers and partial weight information under PFNs, a “multi-criteria decision-making” algorithm is developed. Finally, we provide an example to show how the novel approach can aid hierarchical treatment systems. This is essential for merging the healthcare capabilities of the general public and optimizing the medical care system’s service performance.
Discrimination of periodontal pathogens using Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhang Juan , Liu Yiping , Li Hongxiao , Cao Shisheng , Li Xin , Yin Huijuan , Li Ying , Dong Xiaoxi , Zhang Xu
Published: May 2022

Periodontitis is closely related to many systemic diseases linked by different periodontal pathogens. To unravel the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases, it is very important to correctly discriminate major periodontal pathogens. To realize convenient, efficient, and high-accuracy bacterial species classification, the authors use Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms to distinguish three major periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The result shows that this novel method can successfully discriminate the three above-mentioned periodontal pathogens. Moreover, the classification accuracies for the three categories of the original data were 94.7% at the sample level and 93.9% at the spectrum level by the machine learning algorithm extra trees. This study provides a fast, simple, and accurate method which is very beneficial to differentiate periodontal pathogens.
On some module amenability-like properties of Banach algebras with applications
Authors: Sahami A. , Shariati S. F. , Khosravi F.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new notion of module strong pseudo-amenability for Banach algebras. We study the relation between this new concept to other various notions at this issue, module pseudo-contractibility, module pseudo-amenability and module approximate amenability. For an inverse semigroup [Formula: see text] with the set of all idempotents [Formula: see text], we show that [Formula: see text] is module strong pseudo-amenable as an [Formula: see text]-module if and only if [Formula: see text] is amenable. For specific types of semigroups such as Brandt semigroups and bicyclic semigroups, we investigate the module strong pseudo-amenability of [Formula: see text]. We show that for every non-empty set [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] under this new notion is forced to have a finite index as an [Formula: see text]-module, where [Formula: see text].
On meromorphic functions with fixed second coefficient
Authors: Amani M. , Aghalary R. , Ebadian A.
Published: May 2022

We use the theory of first-order differential subordination for meromorphic functions with fixed second coefficient to reform and improve some well-known results of this class of functions. Also, some applications in integral operators and sufficient condition for starlikeness of meromorphic functions with fixed second coefficient are investigated.
Complete classification of negacyclic codes of length 3ps over 𝔽pm + u𝔽pm + u2𝔽pm
Authors: Boudine Brahim , Laaouine Jamal , Charkani Mohammed Elhassani
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we classify completely the negacyclic codes of length [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] by using six-cyclotomic codes.
Coppers film fabrication on glass substrate by complex reduction method for rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Wu Hsiang-Jung , Nagai Hiroki , Douura Takashi , Ishii Masayuki , Kawakami Hiroshi , Nakayama Emi E. , Shioda Tatsuo , Sato Mitsunobu
Published: May 2022

A Cu film with the ability to rapidly inactivate the COVID-19 virus was easily fabricated at approximately 23[Formula: see text]C on a Na-free glass substrate. The well-adhered Cu films with thickness of approximately 16 [Formula: see text]m and surface area of 8.71 10[Formula: see text] m2 g[Formula: see text] were obtained by immersion of the glass substrate into an aqueous solution with dissolved Cu (II) complex of ammonia and ascorbic acid. The interface bonded between the film and glass substrate was very strong, such that the film did not peel off even when it was exposed to an ultrasonic wave of 100 mW (42 kHz) in water. The anti-COVID-19 activity in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) is effective within 2 h and is faster than that of commercial copper plates. The changes in the relative abundance of Cu2O and CuO crystallines on the Cu film due to DMEM treatment and those in surface morphology were examined by X-ray diffraction peak analysis and field emission-scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The flame atomic absorption analyses of the recovered solutions after DMEM treatment indicated that the Cu ions from the Cu film with DMEM treatment for 1 hour at a concentration of 0.64 ± 0.03 ppm were eluted 2.3 times faster than those from the Cu plate. The rapid elution of Cu ions from Cu2O crystallines on the film in the early stage is the primary factor in the inactivation of the COVID-19 virus, as elucidated from the time dependence of eluted Cu ions by DMEM treatment. Results from thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) of the powder scratched from the Cu film suggested that a trace amount of organic residues remaining in the Cu film was important in the rapid activity.
Industry 4.0 and Its Suitability in Post COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Suhaib Mohd. , Asjad Mohammad , Salah Bashir
Published: May 2022

In the present era of technological advancement and rapid change, mankind faces different kinds of challenges. The product lifecycle has been shortened dramatically, and the manufacturing industry is moving from mass production to the high personalization of mass products. This era is widely known as the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0 (I4.0). It seems that soon it will be inevitable for every society. The paper briefly focuses on empirical insights into the impact of I4.0 on various sectors of society. The traditional approaches to manufacturing, servicing, and public policy planning will no longer remain effective and would be transformed. I4.0 should be observed as an Opportunity 4.0 and draw attention to the industry, academia, and policymakers’ in changing scenarios. Expectations from them are also underlined. Its favorable features in the post-COVID-19 era are also discussed. This short article invites attention to foresee beyond I4.0, e.g. Industry 5.0 and more such progressions.
Interview with Federica Cena
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus
Published: May 2022

Federica Cena is an associate professor at the Computer Science Department of the University of Turin and the head of "Smart City Lab" of academic center ICxT (from October 2015) (http://icxt.di.unito.it). She works on the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Human-Computer Interaction. In the last years, she is mainly devoted to studying the implications of Internet of Things for user modeling and personalization, with a special focus on assistive applications for cognitive disabilities and frailty. She is the author of more than 100 scientific publications at conferences and in international journals. She leads as guest editor several special issues on different journals, among others Journal of Human Computer Studies, ACM Transactions on Intelligent Interactive Systems, ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, Computer, Behaviour and Information technology, New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, http://www.di.unito.it/~cena/
Adaptive and automated deep recommender systems
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu
Published: May 2022

Dr. Xiangyu Zhao is an assistant professor of the school of data science at City University of Hong Kong (CityU). Prior to CityU, he completed his PhD (2021) at MSU under the advisory of Dr. Jiliang Tang, MS (2017) at USTC and BEng (2014) at UESTC. His current research interests include data mining and machine learning, especially (1) Personalization, Recommender System, Online Advertising, Search Engine, and Information Retrieval; (2) Urban Computing, Smart City, and GeoAI; (3) Deep Reinforcement Learning, AutoML, and Multimodal ML; and (4) AI for Social Computing, Finance, Education, Ecosystem, and Healthcare. He has published more than 30 papers in top conferences (e.g., KDD, WWW, AAAI, SIGIR, ICDE, CIKM, ICDM, WSDM, RecSys, ICLR) and journals (e.g., TOIS, SIGKDD, SIGWeb, EPL, APS). His research received ICDM'21 Best-ranked Papers, Global Top 100 Chinese New Stars in AI, CCF-Tencent Open Fund, Criteo Research Award, Bytedance Research Award and MSU Dissertation Fellowship. He serves as top data science conference (senior) program committee members and session chairs (e.g., KDD, AAAI, IJCAI, ICML, ICLR, CIKM), and journal reviewers (e.g., TKDE, TKDD, TOIS, CSUR). He serves as the organizers of DRL4KDD@KDD'19, DRL4IR@SIGIR'20, 2nd DRL4KD@WWW'21, 2nd DRL4IR@SIGIR'21, and a lead tutor at WWW'21/22 and IJCAI'21. He also serves as the founding academic committee members of MLNLP, the largest AI community in China with 800,000 members/followers. The models and algorithms from his research have been launched in the online system of many companies.
Upcoming SIGWEB supported conferences
Authors: Roßner Daniel
Published: May 2022

The Special Interest Group on Hypertext and the Web, SIGWEB was created in 1989 to support the community participating in the annual ACM Hypertext Conference. In its fourth decade, SIGWEB continues its efforts to support a wide range of communities and conferences. Recently, the Web Conference's legal and financial sponsorship was transferred to SIGWEB and thus joins the family of now eight annual conferences. SIGWEB supports several specialized conferences, short courses, and workshops of different sizes, as well as the annual Hypertext Conference. SIGWEB sponsored conferences focus on timely topics in applied and computational hypertext and Web disciplines and provide a place for members and the entire applied Hypermedia and Web community to exchange ideas and to meet with and expand their network of colleagues. In this article, we provide a brief overview of SIGWEB sponsored conferences, in addition to events that are in cooperation with SIGWEB.
Call-by-push-value
Authors: Levy Paul Blain
Published: May 2022

Call-by-push-value (CBPV) is a form of typed λ-calculus that plays a fundamental role in the study of computational effects. This article is intended to be an accessible introduction. I thank Mike Mislove and SIGLOG for inviting me to expound one of my favourite subjects.