bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased parental effort fails to buffer the cascading effects of warmer seas on common guillemot demographic rates
Authors: Wanless Sarah , Albon Steve D. , Daunt Francis , Sarzo Blanca , Newell Mark A. , Gunn Carrie , Speakman John R. , Harris Michael P.
Published: May 2023

Climate warming can reduce food resources for animal populations. In species exhibiting parental care, parental effort is a ‘barometer’ of changes in environmental conditions. A key issue is the extent to which variation in parental effort can buffer demographic rates against environmental change.

Seabirds breed in large, dense colonies and globally are major predators of small fish that are often sensitive to ocean warming. We explored the causes and consequences of annual variation in parental effort as indicated by standardised checks of the proportions of chicks attended by both, one or neither parent, in a population of common guillemots Uria aalge over four decades during which there was marked variation in marine climate and chick diet. We predicted that, for parental effort to be an effective buffer, there would be a link between environmental conditions and parental effort, but not between parental effort and demographic rates.

Environmental conditions influenced multiple aspects of the prey delivered by parents to their chicks with prey species, length and energy density all influenced by spring sea surface temperature (sSST) in the current and/or previous year. Overall, the mean annual daily energy intake of chicks declined significantly when sSST in the current year was higher.

In accordance with our first prediction, we found that parental effort increased with sSST in the current and previous year. However, the increase was insufficient to maintain chick daily energy intake. In contrast to our second prediction, we found that increased parental effort had major demographic consequences such that growth rate and fledging success of chicks, and body mass and overwinter survival of breeding adults all decreased significantly.

Common guillemot parents were unable to compensate effectively for temperature‐mediated variation in feeding conditions through behavioural flexibility, resulting in immediate consequences for breeding population size because of lower adult survival and potentially longer‐term impacts on recruitment because of lower productivity. These findings highlight that a critical issue for species' responses to future climate change will be the extent to which behavioural buffering can offer resilience to deteriorating environmental conditions.
Why do Historians Ignore Digital Analysis? Bring on the Luddites
Authors: Blaxill Luke
Published: May 2023

This article argues that historians have failed to grasp the profound opportunities afforded by computational analysis. Despite the abundance of machine‐readable data liberated by digitisation—alongside tools and exemplar studies—there has been no widespread embrace of text mining or revival of cliometrics. This ambivalence has arisen mainly through apathy and side‐lining of computational analysis to a specialist methodological niche. The absence of justification is damaging to the intellectual vitality of the discipline and its capacity to face the dawning age of data science.

The article calls for an urgent debate about the historian and the computer. More than anything else, this requires sceptics to come forward to meet the advocates to discuss how we face the future. British political history has a proud tradition of methodological innovation and there is no better subfield in which to begin a debate that has fundamental implications for the whole discipline.
Real‐world tolerance and outcomes of oxaliplatin‐based adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer—Does dose intensity matter?
Authors: Yoon Robert , Wilkinson Kate , Gabriel Gabriel , Kadaan Nasreen , Roberts Tara , Lim Stephanie , Asghari Ray , Lee Cheok Soon , Chua Wei , Ng Weng
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin‐based adjuvant chemotherapy delivered as 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) is the standard of care for resected stage III colon cancer. Without randomized trial data, we compared real‐world dose intensity, survival outcomes, and tolerability of these regimens.

Methods

Records of patients treated with FOLFOX or CAPOX in the adjuvant setting for stage III colon cancer across four institutions in Sydney during 2006–2016 were reviewed. The relative dose intensity (RDI) of fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin of each regimen, disease‐free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and incidence of grade ≥2 toxicities were compared.

Results

Characteristics of patients receiving FOLFOX (n = 195) and CAPOX (n = 62) were evenly matched. FOLFOX patients had a higher mean RDI for both fluoropyrimidine (85% vs. 78%, p < 0.01) and oxaliplatin (72% vs. 66%, p = 0.06). In spite of a lower RDI, CAPOX patients trended toward a better 5‐year DFS (84% vs. 78%, HR = 0.53, p = 0.068) and similar OS (89% vs. 89%, HR = 0.53, p = 0.21) compared to the FOLFOX group. This difference was most pronounced in the high‐risk (T4 or N2) group where 5‐year DFS was 78% versus 67% (HR = 0.41, p = 0.042). Patients receiving CAPOX experienced more grade ≥2 diarrhea (p = 0.017) and hand‐foot syndrome (p < 0.001) but not peripheral neuropathy or myelosuppression.

Conclusion

In a real‐world setting, patients who received CAPOX had similar OS rates when compared to those receiving FOLFOX in the adjuvant setting in spite of lower RDI. In the high‐risk population, CAPOX appears to demonstrate a superior 5‐year DFS over FOLFOX.
“No‐Platforming”: Freedom of Speech and the Australian Public Sphere
Authors: Tate John William
Published: May 2023

“No‐Platforming” has increased in prominence within Australia in recent years. Furthermore, it has moved from university campuses to more mainstream sectors of the Australian public sphere. The “no‐platforming” of an audience member on an ABC current affairs programme in March 2022 is evidence of this. By focussing on the arguments for and against no‐platforming, as well as this incident, this article seeks to show their wider significance for no‐platforming in Australia, and the implications of this for freedom of speech within the Australian public sphere.
Multiplex immunofluorescence staining of coverslip‐mounted paraffin‐embedded tissue sections
Authors: Elsborg Søren H. , Pedersen Gitte A. , Madsen Mia G. , Keller Anna K. , Nørregaard Rikke , Nejsum Lene N.
Published: May 2023

Animal and human tissues are used extensively in physiological and pathophysiological research. Due to both ethical considerations and low availability, it is essential to maximize the use of these tissues. Therefore, the aim was to develop a new method allowing for multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) staining of kidney sections in order to reuse the same tissue section multiple times. The paraffin‐embedded kidney sections were placed onto coated coverslips and multiplex IF staining was performed. Five rounds of staining were performed where each round consisted of indirect antibody labelling, imaging on a widefield epifluorescence microscope, removal of the antibodies using a stripping buffer, and then re‐staining. In the final round, the tissue was stained with hematoxylin/eosin. Using this method, tubular segments in the nephron, blood vessels, and interstitial cells were labeled. Furthermore, by placing the tissue on coverslips, confocal‐like resolution was obtained using a conventional widefield epifluorescence microscope and a 60x oil objective. Thus, using standard reagents and equipment, paraffin‐embedded tissue was used for multiplex IF staining with increased Z‐resolution. In summary, this method offers time‐saving multiplex IF staining and allows for the retrieval of both quantitative and spatial expressional information of multiple proteins and subsequently for an assessment of the tissue morphology. Due to the simplicity and integrated effectivity of this multiplex IF protocol, it holds the potential to supplement standard IF staining protocols and maximize use of tissue.
Prognostic impact of complex and/or monosomal karyotypes in post‐transplant poor cytogenetic acute myeloid leukaemia: A quantitative approach
Authors: Jo Tomoyasu , Arai Yasuyuki , Oshima Shinichiro , Kondo Tadakazu , Harada Kaito , Uchida Naoyuki , Doki Noriko , Fukuda Takahiro , Tanaka Masatsugu , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Kuriyama Takuro , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Katayama Yuta , Ota Shuichi , Ara Takahide , Kawakita Toshiro , Onizuka Makoto , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yanada Masamitsu ,   the Japanese Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (JSTCT)
Published: May 2023

To evaluate the prognostic impact of complex karyotype (CK) and/or monosomal karyotype (MK) in combination with various clinical factors on allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we analysed the registry database of adult AML patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between 2000 and 2019 in Japan. Among 16 094 patients, those with poor cytogenetic risk (N = 3345) showed poor overall survival (OS) after HSCT (25.3% at 5 years). Multivariate analyses revealed that CK and/or MK (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31 for CK without MK; 1.27 for MK without CK; and 1.73 for both), age at HSCT ≥50 years (HR, 1.58), male sex (HR, 1.40), performance status ≥2 (HR, 1.89), HCT‐CI score ≥3 (HR, 1.23), non‐remission status at HSCT (HR, 2.49), and time from diagnosis to HSCT ≥3 months (HR, 1.24) independently reduced post‐HSCT OS among patients with poor cytogenetic risk AML. A risk scoring system based on the multivariate analysis successfully stratified patients into five distinct groups for OS. This study confirms the negative effects of CK and MK on post‐HSCT outcomes, and offers a powerful risk scoring system for predicting prognoses after HSCT among AML patients with unfavourable cytogenetics.
Final results of a phase II study of CHOEP plus lenalidomide as initial therapy for patients with stage II–IV peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Stuver Robert , Horwitz Steven M. , Advani Ranjana H. , Vose Julie M. , Lee Hun Ju , Mehta‐Shah Neha , Zain Jasmine M. , Haverkos Bradley , Lechowicz Mary Jo , Moskowitz Alison J. , Pham Luu Q. , Leyden Elizabeth , Ansell Stephen M. , Lunning Matthew A.
Published: May 2023

There remains no one standard induction for nodal‐based peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). We conducted a phase II study of lenalidomide plus CHOEP as a novel induction strategy. Patients received CHOEP at standard doses in combination with 10 mg of lenalidomide on days 1–10 of a 21‐day cycle for six cycles of therapy followed by observation, high‐dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue, or maintenance lenalidomide per provider preference. Among 39 patients evaluable for efficacy, the objective response rate after six cycles was 69%, with complete response in 49%, partial response in 21%, stable disease in 0% and progressive disease in 13%. Thirty‐two patients (82%) completed full induction, and seven patients (18%) discontinued for toxicity, primarily hematologic. Any grade hematologic toxicity occurred in over 50% of patients, with grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia occurring in 35% of patients despite mandated growth factors. With a median followup of surviving patients of 21.3 months, the estimated 2‐year progression‐free and overall survival were 55% (95% CI 37%–70%) and 78% (95% CI 59%–89%), respectively. In sum, six cycles of lenalidomide plus CHOEP resulted in a modest response rate primarily due to hematologic toxicity, which prevented all patients from completing planned induction.
A Survey of Personalized Interior Design
Authors: Wang Y.T. , Liang C. , Huai N. , Chen J. , Zhang C.J.
Published: May 2023

Interior design is the core step of interior decoration, and it determines the overall layout and style of furniture. Traditional interior design is usually laborious and time‐consuming work carried out by professional designers and cannot always meet clients' personalized requirements. With the development of computer graphics, computer vision and machine learning, computer scientists have carried out much fruitful research work in computer‐aided personalized interior design (PID). In general, personalization research in interior design mainly focuses on furniture selection and floor plan preparation. In terms of the former, personalized furniture selection is achieved by selecting furniture that matches the resident's preference and style, while the latter allows the resident to personalize their floor plan design and planning. Finally, the automatic furniture layout task generates a stylistically matched and functionally complete furniture layout result based on the selected furniture and prepared floor plan. Therefore, the main challenge for PID is meeting residents' personalized requirements in terms of both furniture and floor plans. This paper answers the above question by reviewing recent progress in five separate but correlated areas, including furniture style analysis, furniture compatibility prediction, floor plan design, floor plan analysis and automatic furniture layout. For each topic, we review representative methods and compare and discuss their strengths and shortcomings. In addition, we collect and summarize public datasets related to PID and finally discuss its future research directions.
The use of transesophageal echocardiography to predict surgical complexity scoring system for degenerative mitral valve repair
Authors: Bhatt Himani V. , Lisann‐Goldman Lauren , Baron Elvera L. , Salter Benjamin S. , Lin Hung‐Mo , Itagaki Shinobu , Anyanwu Anelechi C. , Adams David H. , Fischer Gregory W. , El‐Eshmawi Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Background

For severe mitral valve (MV) degenerative disease, repair is recommended. Prediction of repair complexity and referral to high volume centers can increase rates of successful repair. This study sought to demonstrate that TEE is a feasible imaging modality to predict the complexity of surgical MV repair.

Methods

Two hundred TEE examinations of patients who underwent MV repair (2009–2011) were retrospectively reviewed and scored by two cardiac anesthesiologists. TEE scores were compared to surgical complexity scores, which were previously assigned based on published methods. Kappa values were reported for the agreement of TEE and surgical scores. McNemar's tests were used to test the homogeneity of the marginal probabilities of different scoring categories.

Results

TEE scores were slightly lower (2[1,3]) than surgical scores (3[1,4]). The agreement was 66% between the scoring methods, with a moderate kappa (.46). Using surgical scores as the gold standard, 70%, 71%, and 46% of simple, intermediate and complex surgical scores, respectively, were correctly scored by TEE. P1, P2, P3, and A2 prolapse were easiest to identify with TEE and had the highest agreement with surgical scoring (P1 agreement 79% with kappa .55, P2 96% [kappa .8], P3 77% [kappa .51], A2 88% [kappa .6]). The lowest agreement between the two scores occurred with A1 prolapse (kappa .05) and posteromedial commissure prolapse (kappa .14). In the presence of significant disagreement, TEE scores were more likely to be of higher complexity than surgical. McNemar's test was significant for prolapse of P1 (p = .005), A1 (p = .025), A2 (p = .041), and the posteromedial commissure (p < .0001).

Conclusion

TEE‐based scoring is feasible for prediction of the complexity of MV surgical repair, thus allowing for preoperative stratification.
On the ambiguity of job search
Authors: Chan Ying Tung , Yip Chi Man
Published: May 2023

Who knows the underlying productivity distribution function? Interestingly, this ambiguous function is often referenced to make decisions including job creations, wage determinations, contract formulations, etc. To investigate how ambiguity shapes labor markets, we integrate ambiguity preferences into the Diamond‐Mortensen‐Pissarides (DMP) model. We find that ambiguity‐averse job‐ and talent‐hunters are conservative. Our quantitative analysis indicates that but for the ambiguity, the American unemployment rate would have increased in the postwar era. This paper generalizes the DMP model, enhances our understanding of the labor market, and calls for policies concerning labor market information.
A longitudinal cohort study of mediators of health‐related quality of life after pediatric epilepsy surgery or medical treatment
Authors: Smith Mary Lou , Puka Klajdi , Speechley Kathy N. , Ferro Mark A. , Connolly Mary B. , Major Philippe , Gallagher Anne , Almubarak Salah , Hasal Simona , Ramachandrannair Rajesh , Andrade Andrea , Xu Qi , Leung Edward , Snead O. Carter , Widjaja Elysa
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this longitudinal cohort study was to examine the variables that influence health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after epilepsy surgery in children. We examined whether treatment type (surgical vs medical therapy) and seizure control are related to other variables that have been shown to influence HRQOL, namely depressive symptoms in children with epilepsy or their parents, and the availability of family resources.

Methods

In total, 265 children with drug‐resistant epilepsy were recruited from eight epilepsy centers across Canada at the time of their evaluation for candidacy for epilepsy surgery and were assessed at baseline, 6‐month, 1‐year, and 2‐year follow‐up. Parents completed the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE‐55) and measures of family resources and depression; children completed depression inventories. Causal mediation analyses using natural effect models were used to evaluate the extent to which the relationship between treatment and HRQOL was explained by seizure control, child and parent depressive symptoms, and family resources.

Results

Overall, 111 children underwent surgery and 154 were treated with medical therapy only. The HRQOL scores of surgical patients were 3.4 points higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.2, 7.0) relative to medical patients at the 2‐year follow‐up after adjusting for baseline covariates, with 66% of the effect of surgery attributed to seizure control. Child or parent depressive symptoms and family resources had negligible mediation effects between treatment and HRQOL. The effect of seizure control on HRQOL was not mediated by child or parent depressive symptoms, or by family resources.

Significance

The findings demonstrate that seizure control is on the causal pathway between epilepsy surgery and improved HRQOL in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, child and parent depressive symptoms and family resources were not significant mediators. The results highlight the importance of achieving seizure control to improve HRQOL.
Von Willebrand Disease: Gaining a global perspective
Authors: O'Sullivan Jamie M. , Tootoonchian Ellia , Ziemele Baiba , Makris Michael , Federici Augusto B. , Khayat Djambas Claudia , El Ekiaby Magdy , Rotellini Dawn , Sidonio Robert F. , Iorio Alfonso , Coffin Donna , Pierce Glenn F. , Stonebraker Jeffrey , James Paula D. , Lavin Michelle
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Recent guidelines for von Willebrand Disease (VWD) highlighted the challenges in diagnosis and management. Identifying the number of persons with VWD (PwVWD) internationally will help target support to aid diagnosis of PwVWD.

Aim

To examine international registration rates of PwVWD, the influence of income status, geographical region and the age and sex profile. Cumulatively, these data will be used to inform future strategy from the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) to address unmet clinical and research needs.

Methods

Data from the 2018/2019 WFH Annual Global Survey (AGS) were analysed, providing a global perspective on VWD registration.

Results

Registration rates are lowest in South Asia (0.6/million population) and highest in Europe/Central Asia (50.9/million population, 0.005%), but below the expected prevalence rate (0.1%). National economic status impacted VWD registration rates, reflecting variation in access to optimal healthcare infrastructure. Females represented the majority of PwVWD globally, however, in low‐income countries (LIC) males predominated. Age profile varied, with markedly higher rates of paediatric registrations in North America, Middle East and North Africa and South Asia. Rates of type 3 VWD registrations were significantly influenced by economic status (81% of VWD diagnoses in LIC), suggesting only the most severe VWD types are diagnosed in resource limited settings.

Conclusion

Significant variation in registration rates of PwVWD exist internationally and is influenced by income status and the presence of HTC networks. Improved understanding of registration rates will enable targeting of advocacy to improve awareness, diagnosis and support for PwVWD internationally.

Key points

Registration rates of People with Von Willebrand Disease (PwVWD) vary internationally and are influenced by national income status

Although females represent the majority of PwVWD globally, in low income countries (LIC) males predominated, possibly related to stigma surrounding gynaecological bleeding.

Rates of type 3 VWD registration were significantly influenced by economic status (81% of VWD diagnoses in LIC), suggesting only the most severe VWD types are diagnosed in resource limited settings.
Basement membrane thickness helps to differentiate hypopigmented mycosis fungoides from clinical and pathological mimickers
Authors: Abdelkader Heba A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (HMF) is a relatively rare subtype of mycosis fungoides (MF). The diagnosis of HMF can be quite challenging in case of insufficient diagnostic criteria due to the diverse conditions that present with hypopigmented lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the assessment of the basement membrane thickness (BMT) in the diagnosis of HMF.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on biopsy specimens of 21 HMF and 25 non‐HMF cases who presented with hypopigmented lesions. The thickness of the basement membrane was evaluated in periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐stained sections.

Results

The mean BMT was significantly higher in the HMF group than in the non‐HMF group (P < 0.001). The best cut‐off value of mean BMT for the detection of HMF verified in ROC analysis was 32.7 μm (P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 96%.

Conclusion

Evaluation of BMT can be a useful tool to distinguish HMF from other causes of hypopigmented lesions in doubtful cases. We suggest the use of “ BMT more than 33 μm” as a histopathologic criterion of HMF.
Cryoprotective effect of three oligosaccharides on freezing–thawing induced krill mince: with emphasis on physicochemical changes and gelation properties
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Jiang Pengfei , Fu Baoshang , Qi Libo , Shang Shan
Published: May 2023

The physicochemical and gelation properties of krill mince were investigated in relation to the cryoprotective effect of kappa‐carrageenan (KC), carrageenan oligosaccharides (CGO), chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), and alginate oligosaccharides (AOS). The water‐holding capacity of krill mince decreased during freezing–thawing (FT) circles, but KC and three oligosaccharides prevented this decline by increasing hydrogen and ionic bonding. The denaturation and degradation of proteins in krill samples added with oligosaccharides were alleviated with less decrease in protein solubility and Ca2+‐ATPase activity, as well as higher intensity protein bands of myosin heavy chain and paramyosin subject to 9‐FT circles. The notable increase in TBARS value (P < 0.05) was observed after 3‐FT circles, however, with relatively lower values with the addition of AOS and CGO, demonstrating antioxidative ability against lipid oxidation. Additionally, CGO exhibited higher protein secondary structure maintenance stability, evidenced by a less dramatic decrease in α‐helical fraction than other oligosaccharides. The overall gelation and textural properties of krill mince with CGO could be better maintained with no more than 3‐FT circles.
Physicochemical characteristics of air classification products of sprouted wheat (Zhoumai 27) flour
Authors: Guo Jia , Feng Chunlu , Bian Ke
Published: May 2023

Sprouting negatively impacts wheat processing and edibility. Sprouted wheat flour (SWF) was air‐classified into three categories based on particle sizes, F1 (>45 μm), F2 (20–45 μm), and F3 (<20 μm). The sizes were examined using a laser particle size analyser and scanning electron microscopy. Their components, such as starch, protein properties, rheology, and dough microstructure, were also examined. After air classification, reducing sugar, damaged starch, amylase, protease, and inferior gluten components were primarily concentrated in F3. Decreasing particle size considerably impaired gelation strength, gluten quality, rheology properties, and dough microstructure. Compared with SWF, these characteristics significantly improved in F1. The results suggested that air classification could induce SWF component fractionation. The inferior components that reduce the quality of SWF were enriched in fine flour. Thus, removing these inferior components can considerably improve SWF rheological quality and dough structure. These results can provide useful information on the important effect of air classification on the quality of SWF products. Moreover, the study findings provide a reference for future application of air classification of SWF.
Full spectrum flow cytometry in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Brestoff Jonathan R.
Published: May 2023

Contemporary full spectrum or “spectral” flow cytometry is a recently developed technology that allows for high‐dimensional flow cytometric analyses of cells and particles in suspension. This single‐cell technology has gained popularity in research settings because it can conservatively detect 35 or more antigens simultaneously in a single‐tube assay format. Recently, spectral flow cytometry has obtained regulatory approval for use as an in vitro diagnostic device in China and Europe, enabling use of this technology in some clinical flow cytometry laboratories. The purpose of this review is to describe the basic principles of conventional and spectral flow cytometry, contrasting these two technologies. To illustrate the analytic power of spectral flow cytometry, we provide an example of spectral flow cytometry data analyses and the use of a machine learning algorithm to harvest the vast amount of information contained within large spectral flow cytometry datasets. Finally, we discuss the advantages of spectral flow cytometry adoption in clinical laboratories and preliminary studies comparing the performance of this technology relative to conventional flow cytometers that are currently used in clinical laboratory environments.
Global increase of colorectal cancer in young adults over the last 30 years: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Wang Yichen , Huang Xiaoquan , Cheryala Mahesh , Aloysius Mark , Zheng Beishi , Yang Keming , Chen Bing , Fang Qianqian , Chowdary Sriram B. , Abougergi Marwan S. , Chen Shiyao
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The US Preventive Services Task Force lowered the recommended starting age for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average‐risk adults from 50 to 45 years. We aimed to estimate the global burden and trends of colorectal cancer in adults aged 20–49 years (early‐onset CRC).

Methods

This is an analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of early CRC from 1990 to 2019. Data from 204 countries and geographic areas were available.

Results

The global incidence rate of early‐onset CRC increased from 4.2/100 000 to 6.7/100 000 from 1990 to 2019. Mortality and DALYs of early‐onset CRC also increased. The CRC incidence rate increased faster in younger adults (1.6%) than in adults aged 50–74 years (0.6%) as measured by the annual percentage change. The increase in early‐onset CRC incidence was consistently observed in all five socio‐demographic index (SDI) regions and 190 out of 204 countries and territories. Middle and high‐middle SDI regions had faster annual increases in early‐onset CRC, which warrants further attention.

Conclusions

The global incidence, mortality, and DALYs of early‐onset CRC increased from 1990 to 2019. The increase in early‐onset CRC incidence was prevalent worldwide. Several countries were found to have higher incidence rates than the United States or fast increase in early‐onset CRC, which warrants further attention.
Parental enriched environment: A look through key temporary windows
Authors: Mir Franco R. , Renard Georgina M. , Rivarola Maria Angélica
Published: May 2023

Environmental enrichment is a widely used experimental manipulation that physically, cognitively and socially stimulates individuals. It has a great variety of long‐term effects at neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and behavioral level; however, the influence of parental environmental enrichment during gestation and pregestation on the development of the offspring and on the mother's behavior has been poorly explored. This article presents a review of the literature from the year 2000 about the effects of maternal and paternal environmental enrichment on the behavioral, endocrine, and neural systems of offspring and parents. Relevant research terms were searched for on the biomedical databases, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The data suggest that paternal/maternal environmental enrichment can profoundly affect the developmental trajectories of offspring through putative epigenetic mechanisms. Environmental enrichment presents as a promising therapeutic tool for human health interventions, especially to counteract the deleterious effects of impoverished and adverse growing conditions.
Premorbid cognitive functioning influences differences between self‐reported cognitive difficulties and cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stein Clara , O'Keeffe Fiadhnait , McManus Caoimhe , Tubridy Niall , Gaughan Maria , McGuigan Christopher , Bramham Jessica
Published: May 2023

Cognitive difficulties are reported in up to 60% of people with MS (pwMS). There is often a discrepancy between self‐reported cognitive difficulties and performance on cognitive assessments. Some of this discrepancy can be explained by depression and fatigue. Pre‐MS cognitive abilities may be another important variable in explaining differences between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities. PwMS with high estimated premorbid cognitive functioning (ePCF) may notice cognitive difficulties in daily life whilst performing within the average range on cognitive assessments. We hypothesised that, taking into account depression and fatigue, ePCF would predict (1) differences between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities and (2) performance on cognitive assessments. We explored whether ePCF predicted (3) self‐reported cognitive difficulties. Eighty‐seven pwMS completed the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF), the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), self‐report measures of cognitive difficulty (MS Neuropsychological Questionnaire; MSNQ), fatigue (MS Fatigue Impact Scale; MFIS) and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS). Results revealed that, taking into account covariates, ePCF predicted (1) differences between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities, p < .001 (model explained 29.35% of variance), and (2) performance on cognitive assessments, p < .001 (model explained 46.00% of variance), but not (3) self‐reported cognitive difficulties, p = .545 (model explained 35.10% of variance). These results provide new and unique insights into predictors of the frequently observed discrepancy between self‐reported and assessed cognitive abilities for pwMS. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, including the importance of exploring premorbid factors in self‐reported experience of cognitive difficulties.
Taxes, risk taking, and financial stability
Authors: Kogler Michael
Published: May 2023

After the global financial crisis, the use of taxes to enhance financial stability received new attention. This paper analyzes the corrective role of taxes in banking and compares two instruments, namely, an allowance for corporate equity (ACE), which mitigates the debt bias in corporate taxation, and a Pigovian tax on bank debt (bank levy). We emphasize financial stability gains driven by lower bank asset risk and develop a principal‐agent model, in which risk taking depends on the bank's capital structure and, by extension, on the tax treatment of debt and equity. We find that (i) the ACE unambiguously reduces risk taking, (ii) bank levies reduce risk taking if they are independent of bank performance but may be counterproductive otherwise, and (iii) taxes are especially effective if regulatory capital requirements are constrained to low levels.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0084054 promotes the progression of periodontitis with diabetes via the miR‐508‐3p/PTEN axis
Authors: He Linlin , Liu Chengcheng , Liu Yiying , Cheng Guoping , Zhang Ping , Guo Shujuan , Ding Yi
Published: May 2023

Background and Objective

Diabetes is an important risk factor for periodontitis, and circular RNA (circRNA) may play an important role in aggravating inflammation and accelerating disease progression by regulating miRNA/mRNA. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of the hsa_circ_0084054/miR‐508‐3p/PTEN axis in the progression of periodontitis with diabetes.

Methods

First, circRNA sequencing was used to screen the differentially expressed circRNAs of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) treated with high glucose and/or Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, and the overtly differentially expressed hsa_circ_0084054 was selected and was also verified in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue from periodontitis patients with diabetes. Then, its ring structure was tested by Sanger sequencing, RNase R, and actinomycin D assays. The bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay, and RIP assay were used to explore the interaction of hsa_circ_0084054/miR‐508‐3p/PTEN axis, whose effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of PDLCs were evaluated through the measurement of inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Annexin V/PI assay.

Results

By high‐throughput sequencing, it was found that hsa_circ_0084054 was significantly increased in HG + LPS group compared with control group and LPS group, which was also verified in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue from periodontitis patients with diabetes. Silencing hsa_circ_0084054 in PDLCs decreased the expression of inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α), the levels of ROS and MDA, and the proportion of apoptotic cells; conversely, SOD activity was enhanced. In addition, we found that hsa_circ_0084054 could up‐regulate the expression of PTEN through sponge miR‐508‐3p to inhibit AKT phosphorylation, finally trigger the aggravation of oxidative stress and inflammation in periodontitis patients with diabetes.

Conclusion

hsa_circ_0084054 can aggravate inflammation and promote the progression of periodontitis with diabetes by regulating miR‐508‐3p/PTEN signaling axis, which may serve as a new target for the intervention of periodontitis with diabetes.
A machine‐learning approach for decision support and risk stratification of pediatric perioperative patients based on the APRICOT dataset
Authors: Gray Geoffrey M. , Ahumada Luis M. , Rehman Mohamed A. , Varughese Anna , Fernandez Allison M. , Fackler James , Yates Hannah M. , Habre Walid , Disma Nicola , Lonsdale Hannah
Published: May 2023

Background

Pediatric anesthesia has evolved to a high level of patient safety, yet a small chance remains for serious perioperative complications, even in those traditionally considered at low risk. In practice, prediction of at‐risk patients currently relies on the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS) score, despite reported inconsistencies with this method.

Aims

The goal of this study was to develop predictive models that can classify children as low risk for anesthesia at the time of surgical booking and after anesthetic assessment on the procedure day.

Methods

Our dataset was derived from APRICOT, a prospective observational cohort study conducted by 261 European institutions in 2014 and 2015. We included only the first procedure, ASA‐PS classification I to III, and perioperative adverse events not classified as drug errors, reducing the total number of records to 30 325 with an adverse event rate of 4.43%. From this dataset, a stratified train:test split of 70:30 was used to develop predictive machine learning algorithms that could identify children in ASA‐PS class I to III at low risk for severe perioperative critical events that included respiratory, cardiac, allergic, and neurological complications.

Results

Our selected models achieved accuracies of >0.9, areas under the receiver operating curve of 0.6–0.7, and negative predictive values >95%. Gradient boosting models were the best performing for both the booking phase and the day‐of‐surgery phase.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that prediction of patients at low risk of critical PAEs can be made on an individual, rather than population‐based, level by using machine learning. Our approach yielded two models that accommodate wide clinical variability and, with further development, are potentially generalizable to many surgical centers.
Nanoscale simulation of the thylakoid membrane response to extreme temperatures
Authors: Kulke Martin , Weraduwage Sarathi M. , Sharkey Thomas D. , Vermaas Josh V.
Published: May 2023

The thylakoid membrane is in a temperature‐sensitive equilibrium that shifts repeatedly during the life cycle in response to ambient temperature or solar irradiance. Plants respond to seasonal temperature variation by changing their thylakoid lipid composition, while a more rapid mechanism for short‐term heat exposure is required. The emission of the small organic molecule isoprene has been postulated as one such possible rapid mechanism. The protective mechanism of isoprene is unknown, but some plants emit isoprene at high temperature. We investigate the dynamics and structure for lipids within a thylakoid membrane across temperatures and varied isoprene content using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The results are compared with experimental findings for temperature‐dependent changes in the lipid composition and shape of thylakoids. The surface area, volume, and flexibility of the membrane, as well as the lipid diffusion, increase with temperature, while the membrane thickness decreases. Saturated thylakoid 34:3 glycolipids derived from eukaryotic synthesis pathways exhibit altered dynamics relative to lipids from prokaryotic synthesis paths, which could explain the upregulation of specific lipid synthesis pathways at different temperatures. Increasing isoprene concentration was not observed to have a significant thermoprotective effect on the thylakoid membranes, and that isoprene readily permeated the membrane models tested.
Genome characterization of Iranian sophora yellow stunt virus isolates and construction of infectious clones
Authors: Esmaeili Maryam , Heydarnejad Jahangir , Hasanvand Vahid , Massumi Hossain , Kvarnheden Anders , Varsani Arvind
Published: May 2023

Sophora yellow stunt virus is a species of the genus Nanovirus. Sophora yellow stunt virus (SYSV) has a wide geographical distribution in Iran. In the current study, SYSV was identified from Kerman province (south‐eastern Iran) in five symptomatic aromatic herbs that are commonly used in the Iranian diet: parsley, dill, fenugreek, mint and basil. These infections were detected using either a PCR assay or high‐throughput sequencing. Eight circular single‐stranded DNA genomic components of five SYSV isolates as well as a new sophora isolate from south‐western Iran were PCR amplified, sequenced and characterized. Sequence analysis of SYSV genomic components showed that the Iranian isolates shared nucleotide identities of 64%–100% with each other and 63%–93% with an isolate from China. DNA‐Rs and DNA‐Cs were found to be the most diverse components relative to the others. Furthermore, associated alphasatellite molecules with the basil sample shared nucleotide identities of 80.7%–99.9% with the counterpart alphasatellite molecules in GenBank. Infectious clones for the genomic DNAs of SYSV were constructed using head‐to‐tail dimeric or partial dimeric inserts. The pathogenesis of SYSV was demonstrated by inoculation with the infectious DNA clones that induced typical symptoms in five plant species. Given the wide distribution of SYSV and its common host (Sophora alopecuroides) throughout Iran, as well as detection of the virus in plants of four families (Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Nitrariaceae), this virus is of economic importance within leguminous crops and in production of aromatic herbs in Iran.
Language is a Source of Grounding and a Mode of Action
Authors: Dove Guy
Published: May 2023

Kemmerer argues that grounded cognition explains how language‐specific semantic structures can influence nonlinguistic cognition. In this commentary, I argue that his proposal fails to fully consider the possibility that language itself can serve as a source of grounding. Our concepts are not merely shaped by a disembodied language system; they emerge in the context of linguistic experience and action. This inclusive approach to grounded cognition offers an expanded conception of the phenomena associated with linguistic relativity. I provide empirical and theoretical reasons to adopt this theoretical perspective.
Development of Multibundle Virtual Ligaments to Simulate Knee Mechanics After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Vakili Samira , Lanting Brent , Getgood Alan , Willing Ryan
Published: May 2023

Preclinical evaluation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components is essential to understanding their mechanical behavior and developing strategies for improving joint stability. While preclinical testing of TKA components has been useful in quantifying their effectiveness, such testing can be criticized for lacking clinical relevance, as the important contributions of surrounding soft tissues are either neglected or greatly simplified. The purpose of our study was to develop and determine if subject-specific virtual ligaments reproduce a similar behavior as native ligaments surrounding TKA joints. Six TKA knees were mounted to a motion simulator. Each was subjected to tests of anterior–posterior (AP), internal–external (IE), and varus–valgus (VV) laxity. The forces transmitted through major ligaments were measured using a sequential resection technique. By tuning the measured ligament forces and elongations to a generic nonlinear elastic ligament model, virtual ligaments were designed and used to simulate the soft tissue envelope around isolated TKA components. The average root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the laxity results of TKA joints with native versus virtual ligaments was 3.5 ± 1.8 mm during AP translation, 7.5 ± 4.2 deg during IE rotations, and 2.0 ± 1.2 deg during VV rotations. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated a good level of reliability for AP and IE laxity (0.85 and 0.84). To conclude, the advancement of virtual ligament envelopes as a more realistic representation of soft tissue constraint around TKA joints is a valuable approach for obtaining clinically relevant kinematics when testing TKA components on joint motion simulators.
Modeling Variation in Multi-Station Compliant Assembly Using Parametric Space Envelope
Authors: Luo Chen , Nie Jiaqi , Franciosa Pasquale , Ceglarek Dariusz
Published: May 2023

Compliant parts have different characteristics from rigid parts and are used frequently in industries. One of the biggest challenges facing by industries is geometric variation management of these compliant parts which can directly impact product quality and functionality. Existing rigid body-based variation modeling approaches are not suitable for compliant assembly while finite element analysis-based methods have the disadvantages of requiring heavy computation efforts and detailed design information which is unavailable during preliminary design phase. Hence, this paper proposes a novel geometric variation propagation model of multi-station compliant assembly based on parametric space envelope. Three sources of variation: location-led positional variation, assembly deformation-induced variation, and station transition caused variation are analyzed. In this study, geometric variations are modeled indirectly through control points of constructed variation tool. Compared with existing methods where geometric variation is modeled by tracking key feature points on the manufacturing part, the proposed approach brings unique benefits. It can deal with arbitrary complex compliant part, and it provides a unified modeling framework for different types of variation. The method is illustrated and verified through a two-station three parts case study on a multi-station compliant panel assembly. The proposed method provides industries with a new way to manage geometric variation from compliant assembly.
Compliant Joints Utilizing the Principle of Closed Form Pressure Balancing
Authors: Sonneveld Dave D. , Nijssen Joep P.A. , van Ostayen Ron A.J.
Published: May 2023

Compliant joints have significant advantages compared to rigid-body hinges due to a monolithic design and the absence of friction, which prevents effects like wear, backlash, and stick-slip behavior. However, the loading capability is often limited and the support stiffness generally decreases during rotation. A new design principle called closed form pressure balancing has been proposed as a solution to improve these limitations. By using an incompressible fluid as the main compliant element, the support stiffness becomes independent of rotation and buckling no longer limits the loading capability. This work analyzes the fundamental working principle behind closed form pressure balancing and introduces a 2D design model to determine stiffness properties. The design model is validated with a finite element model and used to construct an optimization strategy for optimum joint performance. Additionally, a conversion model and some practical considerations are presented for the transition to a 3D design model.
Robust Optimization of UOE Forming Process Considering Inhomogeneity of Material Properties
Authors: Zou Tianxia , Zhang Zhiheng , Tang Weiqin , Li Dayong , Peng Yinghong
Published: May 2023

The properties inhomogeneity of steel plates will result in uncertainty of forming quality of large diameter UOE oil pipes and increase the risk of pipeline failure. In this paper, a robust design method for UOE forming process based on support vector machine and sequential response surface modeling and considering the variation of steel plates′ properties is proposed. A hundred of mechanical experiments are first carried out and the variation of X80 steel's properties is statistically evaluated. The varied properties are assigned to partitioned steel segments and taken as the noise factor in process design. The ovality of the UOE pipe is employed as the optimization objective, and the forming quality indicators including convex amount, mean outside diameter, yield strengths and Ys/Uts7, O-forming gap, the width of the U-shaped plate, inclined angle of straight arm of the U-shaped plate, etc., are taken as the constraints. Based on the semi-analytical computation of C-, U- and O-forming processes and finite element simulation of expanding process, a sequential response surface model is established by using the support vector machine method. Finally, a Monte Carlo sampling is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared to conventional optimization method, the robust optimization performs obviously better in reducing the ovality and increasing the robustness of UOE forming process.