bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 7. The zero-sum game of beneficence
Authors: Kangas Sara
Published: November 2024

Critical research by nature is emancipatory, seeking to disrupt existing structures of systems, such as those in K-12 schools, that privilege particular groups while disenfranchising others. With such critical frameworks in research studies, however, competing interests among participants can emerge, exacerbating broader issues of privilege and oppression. Yet, applied linguists in the earliest years of their doctoral studies and careers are left ill-equipped to manage such conflicts and the ethical dilemmas they present. This chapter aims to lessen this oversight in training in two ways. First, the chapter draws upon the experiences that one critical applied linguist encountered in her research in schools. The researcher discovered that attempting to safeguard the well-being of all participants in a study is an untenable endeavor, especially when participants have disparate interests that contend with one another. Drawing upon illustrative examples from her research on multilingual learners with disabilities, the chapter lays bare the ethical dilemmas often present in critical inquiries and yet that do not surface in typical empirical publications. Second, the chapter offers recommendations for doctoral students and early-career applied linguists to consider as they conduct critical studies in schools with minoritized student groups.
Chapter 9. Ethics in heritage language education
Authors: Driver Meagan Y.
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, I explore ethical considerations for conducting Applied Linguistics research on heritage speakers and offer recommendations for building understanding and commitment to ethically-informed practices when working with heritage communities. First, I discuss the ethical questions that arise in each stage of research development, keeping in mind the great diversity within and across heritage communities and the particular importance of ethical awareness that must go beyond traditional principles of research ethics. These include stages relating to definitions and terminology, research objectives, participant recruitment and inclusion criteria, data collection, and dissemination of results. Next, I provide specific examples of the ethical challenges I have faced in my own work, particularly relating to cultural, linguistic, and sociopolitical factors, when weighing the risks and benefits of various research decisions, and I expand on the steps taken to resolve each issue. I close the chapter with a reflection on the core ethical tensions that may arise for in-group and out-group researchers when working with heritage participants and make suggestions for scholars who intend to adopt practices that are ethically sound and appropriate for working with heritage speakers and their communities.
Chapter 11. “Where you from, who’s your Mob?”
Authors: Ober Robyn , Dovchin Sender , Oliver Rhonda
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, we discuss how “yarning” — a traditional way of communicating, making and sharing meaning within Aboriginal society — may work as a research paradigm and methodology for qualitative ethnographic studies in applied linguistics. Yarning involves story telling as part of cooperative conversations and helps in the development of knowledge for all involved in the process, reflecting Indigenous knowledge system. Beyond a cultural practice, it is also gaining increasing recognition as an important and culturally appropriate way to undertake data collection with Australian First Nations people. The chapter suggests that while the yarning space can be a flexible context to co-construct relationships and understanding, there is also a need for caution “to expect the unexpected”. Non-Aboriginal researchers in the Aboriginal space should not be afraid to ask for Aboriginal participants’ feedback and follow-up diligently on this advice.
Chapter 15. Challenges of justice and equity for ethical English as an additional language in school education
Authors: Leung Constant
Published: November 2024

The ethical issues raised in this discussion are set against the backdrop of the English as an Additional Language (EAL) curriculum and teaching provision for school students from ethnolingusitic minority communities in England. At present over 19% of the school population is categorized as EAL users/learners. I will first provide a background description of the educational policy response to ethnolinguistic diversity in the past fifty years. The second part the discussion will focus on the educational consequences of the overwhelmingly monolingual English-language curriculum environment (except for foreign modern languages such as French). It will be shown that policy rhetoric and real-world consequences have not lined up coherently. After that I will examine the principles of equality and entitlement with reference to the works of Rawls, Taylor and others as they relate to the ‘mainstreaming’ approach to education provision in the context of ethnolinguistic diversity. I will conclude with some observations on the possible curricular and pedagogic provision that would begin to recognise minoritized EAL students’ language education needs. While the focus of this discussion is on EAL in England, it is hoped that some of the arguments for equity for all would resonate with the considerations for minoritized students on grounds of language, disabilities, gender and other issues in public education in other world locations.
Chapter 18. Research ethics and decisions
Authors: Sterling Scott
Published: November 2024

Within academia, we often compartmentalizes our work into research, service, and teaching. This creates an illusion of separation, neglecting the interconnectedness of these activities. A typical day involves a blend of tasks — meetings, mentoring, teaching, emails — sometimes leaving limited time for research, the very activity that often defines our scholarly value. Thus a conundrum exists: How can we excel in research if its time allotment is constantly squeezed by other necessary duties? Further complicating matters, these pressures can push scholars towards ethically questionable research practices (QRPs) with far-ranging outcomes.

This chapter explores this very issue by discussing two non-research projects, one in community engagement and another in science communication. Both projects aligned with my scholarly role, yet presented unforeseen ethical dilemmas. While not being ‘research’ in the traditional sense, both projects had an impact on my ability to ethically conduct research. By discussing the challenges that arose during these projects, the chapter highlights the importance of understanding research decision making and how decisions made in one sphere of our academic lives can impact others.
How far are the horizons of descriptive linguistics?
Authors: Chevillard Jean-Luc
Published: November 2024

European missionaries engaged in the linguistic description of 16th–18th c. Tamil Nadu discussed
two possible attitudes. Proença (1625–1666), who wrote in Portuguese, thought that the most important task was to
concentrate on what is useful pera a pratica “for practical purposes” and wanted to master ordinary
language, both (A) in its colloquial forms  — including substandard and dialectal variants — and (B) in its more
standardized form. Beschi (1680–1747), who wrote in Latin, thought he could become influential by mastering (C)
Centamiḻ, the poetic “more elegant” dialect, cultivated for many centuries by traditional
grammarians and poets of Tamil Nadu. This article evokes the strategies of Proença, Beschi and others, who navigated
the components of Tamil “triglossia”, in which both (A) and (C) can coexist with (B), but not simultaneously. Either
(C) is ignored, being considered as “useless for practical purposes”, or (A) is shunned, being considered as
“barbaric”.
The structuralist quest for general meanings
Authors: Cigana Lorenzo , Jørgensen Henrik
Published: November 2024

This article reconstruct the history and development of the methodology known as “of general
meanings”, widely adopted in 20th century structural linguistics and grammatical semantics starting from the Thirties
onwards, tracking its roots in the framework of German Allgemeine Sprachlehre and discussing the
debate that it engendered within the structural paradigm, where the notions of “general” vs. “fundamental meanings”
(Gesamt- vs. Grundbedeutung) were defined and gained currency, often marking the
competing approaches of Prague vs. Copenhagen schools. In so doing, the paper offers a detailed insight on the
philosophical background of such a methodology, reconstructing its epistemological framework and its legacy,
contributing in mapping the evolution of one of its most important corollary: monosemy.
Non-cell autonomous regulation of cell–cell signaling and differentiation by mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Du Yipeng , Wang Lei , Perez-Castro Lizbeth , Conacci-Sorrell Maralice , Sieber Matthew
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) function intrinsically within cells to induce cell damage, regulate transcription, and cause genome instability. However, we know little about how mitochondrial ROS production non-cell autonomously impacts cell–cell signaling. Here, we show that mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits the plasma membrane localization of cell surface receptors that drive cell–cell communication during oogenesis. Within minutes, we found that mitochondrial ROS impairs exocyst membrane binding and leads to defective endosomal recycling. This endosomal defect impairs the trafficking of receptors, such as the Notch ligand Delta, during oogenesis. Remarkably, we found that overexpressing RAB11 restores ligand trafficking and rescues the developmental defects caused by ROS production. ROS production from adjacent cells acutely initiates a transcriptional response associated with growth and migration by suppressing Notch signaling and inducing extra cellualr matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our work reveals a conserved rapid response to ROS production that links mitochondrial dysfunction to the non-cell autonomous regulation of cell–cell signaling.
Epidermal maintenance of Langerhans cells relies on autophagy-regulated lipid metabolism
Authors: Arbogast Florent , Sal-Carro Raquel , Boufenghour Wacym , Frenger Quentin , Bouis Delphine , Filippi De La Palavesa Louise , Fauny Jean-Daniel , Griso Olivier , Puccio Hélène , Fima Rebecca , Huby Thierry , Gautier Emmanuel L. , Molitor Anne , Carapito Raphaël , Bahram Seiamak , Romani Nikolaus , Clausen Björn E. , Voisin Benjamin , Mueller Christopher G. , Gros Frédéric , Flacher Vincent
Published: November 2024

Macroautophagy (often-named autophagy), a catabolic process involving autophagy-related (Atg) genes, prevents the accumulation of harmful cytoplasmic components and mobilizes energy reserves in long-lived and self-renewing cells. Autophagy deficiency affects antigen presentation in conventional dendritic cells (DCs) without impacting their survival. However, previous studies did not address epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs). Here, we demonstrate that deletion of either Atg5 or Atg7 in LCs leads to their gradual depletion. ATG5-deficient LCs showed metabolic dysregulation and accumulated neutral lipids. Despite increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity, they were unable to process lipids, eventually leading them to ferroptosis. Finally, metabolically impaired LCs upregulated proinflammatory transcripts and showed decreased expression of neuronal interaction receptors. Altogether, autophagy represents a critical regulator of lipid storage and metabolism in LCs, allowing their maintenance in the epidermis.
Features in the electron elastic scattering cross sections of atoms Sb, Xe and Bi, Rn
Authors: Kelemen V I , Remeta E Yu
Published: November 2024

For atoms having pairwise similar electronic configurations,Sb([Cd]5p3),Xe([Cd]5p6) andBi([Hg]6p3),Rn([Hg]6p6), features in the energy dependences of integral (ICSs) and differential (DCSs) cross sections of electron elastic scattering are considered theoretically. The positions of the Ramsauer–Townsend minimum (RT) and the low-energy maxima in the ICSs are calculated. The minima in the DCSs have been studied within the collision energy range from 0.1 (Sb, Xe, Bi) and 0.5 (Rn) eV up to 1000 (Sb), 2000 (Xe), 3000 (Bi) and 4000 (Rn) eV. The phase shifts, scattering amplitudes and cross sections have been calculated in the relativistic complex optical potential (OP) approximation. The results of the above OP calculation agree well with the experimental and the theoretical data. The energy dependences of the angular positions of the DCSs minima of these atoms are considered in detail. The energy and the angular positions of 15 (Sb), 17 (XeandBi) and 18 (Rn) critical minima (CM) in the DCSs have been found. The highest energy CM are located at:Sb– [727.6 eV; 131.89°],Xe– [791.4 eV; 133.16°],Bi– [1810.8 eV; 137.34°],Rn– [1918.8 eV; 137.64°]. A high-angle CM are located at:Sb– [233.6 eV; 151.08°],Xe– [256.5 eV; 151.05°],Bi– [180.3 eV; 157.30°],Rn– [204.0 eV; 155.36°].
Description of excitonic absorption using the Sommerfeld enhancement factor and band-fluctuations
Authors: Lizárraga K , Serquen E , Llontop P , Enrique L A , Piñeiro M , Perez E , Tejada A , Ruske F , Korte L , Guerra J A
Published: November 2024

One of the challenges of excitonic materials is the accurate determination of the exciton binding energy and bandgap from optical measurements. The difficulty arises from the overlap of the discrete and continuous excitonic absorption at the band edge. Many researches have modeled the shape of the absorption edge of such materials on the seminal formulation proposed by Elliott in 1957 (Phys. Rev.
108 1384–9) and its several modifications such as non-parabolic bands, magnetic potentials and electron–hole-polaron interactions. However, exciton binding energies obtained from optical absorption often vary strongly depending on the chosen ‘Elliott formula’. Here, we propose an alternative and rather simple approach, which has previously been successful in the determination of the optical bandgap of amorphous, direct and indirect semiconductors, based on the band-fluctuations (BFs) model. In this model, the fluctuations due to disorder, temperature or lattice vibrations give rise to the well known exponential shape of band tail states. The formulation results in an analytic equation for the fundamental absorption with 6 parameters only. To test it, the binding energy and optical bandgap of GaAs and the family of tri-halide perovskites (

MAPbX

3

),

X
=
Br
,
I
,
Cl

, over a wide range of temperatures, are obtained by fitting the modified Elliott model. The results for the bandgap, linewidth and exciton binding energy are in good agreement with reports based on non-optical measurements. Moreover, due to the polar nature of perovskites, the retrieved binding energies can be compared with those computed with a model proposed by Kane (1978 Phys. Rev. B 18 6849). In the latter model, the exciton is surrounded by a cloud of virtual phonons interacting via the Frölich interaction. As a consequence, the upper bound for the binding energy of the exciton-polaron system can be estimated. These results are in good agreement with the optical parameters obtained with the proposed Elliott equation including BFs.
Impact of Cr doping on Hall resistivity and magnetic anisotropy in SrRuO3 thin films
Authors: Kesarwani Pooja , Khetan Santosh K , Ojha B , Choudhary R J , Reddy V R , Bedanta Subhankar , Anil Kumar P S , Sow Chanchal
Published: November 2024

Hall effects, including anomalous and topological types, in correlated ferromagnetic oxides provide an intriguing framework to investigate emergent phenomena arising from the interaction between spin–orbit coupling and magnetic fields. SrRuO3 is a widely studied itinerant ferromagnetic system with intriguing electronic and magnetic characteristics. The electronic transport of SrRuO3 is highly susceptible to the defects (O/Ru vacancy, chemical doping, ion implantation), and interfacial strain. In this regard, we investigate the impact of Cr doping on the magnetic anisotropy and the Hall effect in SrRuO3 thin films. The work encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the structural, spectroscopic, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties of Cr-doped SrRuO3 films grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals a sharp and coherent interface between the layers. Notably, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is preserved in doped films with thicknesses up to 113 nm. The resistivity exhibits a T
2 dependence below the Curie temperature, reflecting the influence of disorder and correlation-induced localization effects. Interestingly, in contrast to the undoped parent compound SrRuO3, an anomaly in the Hall signal has been observed up to a large thickness (56 nm) attributed to the random Cr doping and Ru vacancy. Based on our measurements, a field-temperature (H − T) phase diagram of anomalous Hall resistivity is constructed.
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy monitoring of the water vapor condensation process in the high-speed flow
Authors: Chao Jianyu , Jin Yi , Zhai Chao
Published: November 2024

In this work, non-invasive high-precision quantitative measurements of the water vapor condensation process have been carried out using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy at the sub-millisecond level. The high-speed condensation of water vapor is achieved by a self-designed rarefaction wave reflection system. Combined with different sizes of experimental cavities, the condensation process is realized at various time scales of sub-milliseconds (0.2–0.66 ms). The processes of temperature and water vapor content during the high-speed condensation are measured using the water vapor absorption spectra near 7168.437 cm−1 and 7185.597 cm−1. The experimental results show that the hypervelocity expansion flow field generated by the experimental system demonstrates good uniformity and reaches a cooling rate of 105 K·s−1, which has the same order as that of the supersonic nozzle. The condensation process is similar on different sub-millisecond timescales and the normalized temperature change curves are approximately the same. Moreover, the higher the water vapor content, the shorter the condensation time.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings driven by multi-channel data fusion and feature fusion under time-varying speed conditions
Authors: Jiao Zonghao , Zhang Zhongwei , Li Youjia , Shao Mingyu
Published: November 2024

Bearings, as the core component for power transmission, are crucial in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of equipment. However, the fault information contained in a single-channel vibration signal is inherently limited. Additionally, under time-varying speed conditions, features are prone to drift, and the cross-domain diagnostic performance of most traditional domain adaptation (DA) models may drop dramatically. To solve the above problems and enhance the ability of DA models in extracting domain invariant features, this paper introduces a Multi-channel data fusion and Attention-guided Multi-feature Fusion-driven Center-aligned Network (MAMC). Initially, a multi-channel time-frequency information fusion strategy based on wavelet transform is constructed to achieve a comprehensive fusion of multi-channel data, thereby obtaining richer fault feature representations. Subsequently, a multi-branch feature fusion network, integrated with an attention mechanism, is devised to capture significant features across various dimensions and scales, resulting in more comprehensive and representative fault features. Finally, a novel Center-Aligned Domain Adaptation method (CADA) is proposed based on domain adversarial methods and center loss. By minimizing the distance between deep domain invariant features and trainable common class centers, the issue of domain shift between data is effectively alleviated, and the cross-domain diagnostic performance of DA models under the time-varying speed conditions is improved. The experimental results indicate that the MAMC method exhibits superior performance on both bearing datasets and is a promising approach for cross-domain intelligent fault diagnosis.
Spatially fractionated radiotherapy with very high energy electron pencil beam scanning
Authors: Fischer Jade , Hart Alexander , Bedriová Nicole , Krim Deae-eddine , Clements Nathan , Bateman Joseph , Korysko Pierre , Farabolini Wilfrid , Rieker Vilde , Corsini Roberto , Dosanjh Manjit , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Objective. To evaluate spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) for very-high-energy electrons (VHEEs) delivered with pencil beam scanning. Approach. Radiochromic film was irradiated at the CERN linear electron accelerator for research using 194 MeV electrons with a step-and-shoot technique, moving films within a water tank. Peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs), depths of convergence (PVDR ⩽ 1.1), peak doses, and valley doses assessed SFRT dose distribution quality. A Monte Carlo (MC) model of the pencil beams was developed using TOPAS and applied to a five-beam VHEE SFRT treatment for a canine glioma patient, compared to a clinical 6 MV VMAT plan. The plans were evaluated based on dose-volume histograms, mean dose, and maximum dose to the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risks (OARs). Main results. Experimental PVDR values were maximized at 15.5 ± 0.1 at 12 mm depth for 5 mm spot spacing. A DOC of 76.5, 70.7, and 56.6 mm was found for 5, 4, and 3 mm beamlet spacings, respectively. MC simulations and experiments showed good agreement, with maximum relative dose differences of 2% in percentage depth dose curves and less than 3% in beam profiles. Simulated PVDR values reached 180 ± 4, potentially achievable with reduced leakage dose. VHEE SFRT plans for the canine glioma patient showed a decrease in mean dose (>16%) to OARs while increasing the PTV mean dose by up to 15%. Lowering beam energy enhanced PTV dose homogeneity and reduced OAR maximum doses. Significance. The presented work demonstrates that pencil beam scanning SFRT with VHEEs could treat deep-seated tumors such as head and neck cancer or lung lesions, though small beam size and leakage dose may limit the achievable PVDR.
Amplitude spectrum area is dependent on the electrocardiogram magnitude: evaluation of different normalization approaches
Authors: Silva Luiz E V , Gaudio Hunter A , Widmann Nicholas J , Forti Rodrigo M , Padmanabhan Viveknarayanan , Senthil Kumaran , Slovis Julia C , Mavroudis Constantine D , Lin Yuxi , Shi Lingyun , Baker Wesley B , Morgan Ryan W , Kilbaugh Todd J , Tsui Fuchiang (Rich) , Ko Tiffany S
Published: November 2024

Objective. Amplitude Spectrum Area (AMSA) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform during ventricular fibrillation (VF) has shown promise as a predictor of defibrillation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, AMSA relies on the magnitude of the ECG waveform, raising concerns about reproducibility across different settings that may introduce magnitude bias. This study aimed to evaluate different AMSA normalization approaches and their impact on removing bias while preserving predictive value. Approach. ECG were recorded in 118 piglets (1–2 months old) during a model of asphyxia-associated VF cardiac arrest and CPR. An initial subset (91/118) was recorded using one device (Device 1), and the remaining piglets were recorded in the second device (Device 2). Raw AMSA and three ECG magnitude metrics were estimated to assess magnitude-related bias between devices. Five AMSA normalization approaches were assessed for their ability to remove detected bias and to classify defibrillation success. Main results. Device 2 showed significantly lower ECG magnitude and raw AMSA compared to Device 1. CPR-based AMSA normalization approaches mitigated device-associated bias. Raw AMSA normalized by the average AMSA in the 1st minute of CPR (AMSA1m-cpr) exhibited the best sensitivity and specificity for classification of successful and unsuccessful defibrillation. While the optimal AMSA1m-cpr thresholds for balanced sensitivity and specificity were consistent across both devices, the optimal raw AMSA thresholds varied between the two devices. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AMSA1m-cpr did not significantly differ from raw AMSA for both devices (Device 1: 0.74 vs. 0.88, P = 0.14; Device 2: 0.56 vs. 0.59, P = 0.81). Significance. Unlike raw AMSA, AMSA1m-cpr demonstrated consistent results across different devices while maintaining predictive value for defibrillation success. This consistency has important implications for the widespread use of AMSA and the development of future guidelines on optimal AMSA thresholds for successful defibrillation.
An enhanced broadband piezoelectric energy harvester via elastic amplification structure for multidirectional vibration
Authors: Wu Silei , Yu Yiyong , Sun Chao , Liao Weilin , Kan Junwu , Wang Shuyun , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: November 2024

Vibration energy harvesting using a piezoelectric mechanism has significant potential for powering wireless sensors. However, most current vibration energy harvesters face limitations such as bidirectionality, narrow bandwidth, and high operating frequencies. To address these issues, we propose an enhanced broadband piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing an elastic amplification structure for multidirectional vibration (EB-PVEH). By utilizing the multidirectional rotation capacity of the excitation block and the amplified foundation excitation provided by springs, the EB-PVEH effectively captures broadband vibrations in 2D space under low-frequency excitation. Additionally, its design features long-term durability, as the piezoelectric beams are smoothly excited by the pendulum-induced motion of the block without a tip mass. The practical feasibility and the impact of structural parameters on the output behavior of EB-PVEH were investigated through theoretical analysis and experimental testing. The results revealed that the introduction of springs dynamically amplified the harnessed electrical power output. Moreover, EB-PVEH could harvest the multidirectional vibration, and it exhibited different power-generating characteristics in various directions. Furthermore, the resonance frequency could be efficiently tuned by adjusting the flexible arm length and proof mass, with different optimal arm lengths identified for each vibration direction to maximize working bandwidth. The harvester achieved an optimal output power of 3.98 mW. Practical applications, such as charging a capacitor by driving an e-bike or a bike, demonstrate the potential of the proposed harvester to provide power for micro-electrical devices.
Polydopamine-modified MXene-integrated photothermal responsive hydrogel for constructing rapid photothermal and self-sensing gradient hydrogel actuators
Authors: Sun Caixia , Wang Xinyi , Ma Shaoshuai , Xu Xinhua
Published: November 2024

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators have made significant progress. By introducing responsive modules such as photothermal nanoparticles, the hydrogel can respond to environmental changes and construct anisotropic structures, allowing the hydrogel actuators to quickly bend and realize complex shape deformation. However, there remains a need to enhance the mechanical properties of these hydrogels to accommodate multiple deformation actions and different application scenarios, and enhance the compatibility between nanoparticles and the hydrogels to improve the comprehensive performance of materials are still issues that need to be solved. In this study, we modified two-dimensional MXene nanosheets with polydopamine (PDA) to obtain P-MXene, which served as a photothermal agent and can be stably dispersed within the hydrogel system. We copolymerized thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in situ and used a direct current electric field to induce a concentration gradient distribution of P-MXene nanosheets within the hydrogel, resulting in the preparation of anisotropic gradient hydrogel actuators with good stretchability and conductivity. The hydrogel structure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and the Fourier transform infrared spectra. The swelling properties, mechanical properties and conductivity of the hydrogel were studied. The actuation behavior of P(NIPAm-DMAEMA)/P-MXene gradient hydrogel actuators under different thickness and electric field intensity was investigated. Additionally, the sensitivity and stability of the conductive hydrogel actuators were tested and the functions of monitoring human health and information transmission were realized. It integrated with rapid photo responsiveness and self-sensing capabilities to monitor the deformation process of the actuators through real-time relative resistance changes during the actuations. This work is expected to expand the application field of soft hydrogel actuators and provide new insights into the design of a new generation of soft robots.
Anomalous influence of electrode width on the critical current of Nb/Au Josephson junctions
Authors: Skryabina O V , Bakurskiy S V , Ruzhickiy V I , Shishkin A , Klenov N V , Soloviev I I , Yu Kupriyanov M , Stolyarov V S
Published: November 2024

We study the effect of electrode width on superconducting current transport in Nb–Au–Nb Josephson bridges. The critical current as well as the normal bridge resistance drop with decreasing electrode width on scales of a few

μ

m

, which are orders of magnitude larger than the estimated coherence length of the Au strip. We consider several physical reasons for such an anomalous influence of the width W of the superconducting electrode on the critical current

I

c

(AIWIc) and provide model fits for the resistive and superconducting properties of the bridges. The smooth dependence of the Nb–Au–Nb bridge parameters on the electrode width can be used to optimize the design of superconducting devices for specific applications.
Crystal growth and pressure effect on the transport properties in 122-type (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 superconductors
Authors: Zhang Chutong , Huang Song , Zhang Xiaoran , Xing Xiangzhuo , Yi Xiaolei , Liu Xiaobing
Published: November 2024

High-quality single crystals are essential for probing the intrinsic properties of unconventional superconductors. In this work, we report the successful growth of (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 single crystals, a novel 122-type iron-based superconductor, using the self-flux method. The crystal structure and chemical composition were characterized through x-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 single crystals exhibit bulk superconductivity, with a critical transition temperature T
c of approximately 22 K. Magnetization measurements reveal a second peak effect and a critical current density J
c∼ 5 × 105 A cm−2 at 2 K in a self-field. The upper critical field anisotropy was systematically studied within the framework of the anisotropic Ginzburg–Landau theory, yielding an anisotropy value of approximately 2.6. Furthermore, we employ the diamond anvil cell technique to investigate the pressure effect on (La,Na,K)Fe2As2. Our results demonstrate that superconductivity is gradually suppressed with increasing pressure, while the normal state resistivity at low temperatures evolves from non-Fermi liquid to Fermi liquid behavior. This observation suggests that (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 may be situated on the right of the quantum critical point or, at the very least, within the over-doped region. These findings provide a critical sample platform and experimental insights for advancing the understanding of the physical properties of the newly discovered (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 superconductors.
Thermal quantum coherence: a comparative study of molybdenum disulfide versus graphene
Authors: El Houri Abdelghani , Khribach Aziz , Adnane Brahim , Moqine Younes , Houça Rachid , Kamal Abdellatif , Belouad Abdelhadi
Published: November 2024

This study examines quantum coherence in molybdenum disulfide MoS2 by considering thermal fluctuations and the spin–orbit coupling of molybdenum’s d orbitals. Our results reveal that at the ground state, the system exhibits significant coherence, particularly for high values of the wave vector k. Interestingly, this coherence improves with increasing temperature before asymptotically decreasing towards zero. In conclusion, we have shown that graphene generally outperforms molybdenum due to its perfect two-dimensional structure thanks to the high mobility of electrons in its conduction bands. Moreover, these findings enable predictions about the behavior of other materials with similar band structures based on their crystal lattice interactions.
Coincidence broadening doppler spectroscopy applied to elemental oxides
Authors: Domínguez-Reyes R , Rodríguez-López A
Published: November 2024

Coincidence Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (CDBS) was employed to analyze ten simple oxides and compare them to their corresponding non-oxidized pure elements to identify the spectral signature attributable to oxygen. Despite variations among the oxidized elements, the resulting spectra exhibited consistent features—when referenced against the oxidized elements—that can be attributed to oxygen. Furthermore, CDBS spectra referenced against pure aluminum, a widely used independent standard, also revealed a prominent characteristic signal indicative of oxygen that can serve as a fingerprint for its presence. Comparisons with CDBS spectra of Group XVIa elements (Te, Se, and S) were also conducted to further validate the oxygen-related features. This methodology offers a valuable approach for discerning oxygen contributions in complex materials, even when the CDBS spectra are intricate and involve diverse compositions.
A class of stable nonlinear non-Hermitian skin modes
Authors: Ghaemi-Dizicheh Hamed
Published: November 2024

The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) is a well-known phenomenon in open topological systems that causes a large number of eigenstates to become localized at the boundary. Although many aspects of its theory have been investigated in linear systems, this phenomenon remains novel in nonlinear models. In the first step of this paper, we look at the conditions for the presence of quasi-skin modes in a semi-infinite, one-dimensional, nonlinear, nonreciprocal lattice. In the following phase, we explore the survival time of the quasi-skin mode in a finite nonlinear lattice with open edges. We study the dependency of the survival time on the system’s parameters and demonstrate how the nonreciprocity of the system affects the survival time. This study introduces a method for achieving a stable localized state in a nonlinear finite lattice.
A hybrid approach of substitution and permutation techniques for modern image-cryptosystem
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , R Venkatesan , Ahmad Musheer
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we implemented an image encryption algorithm using a hybrid approach that combines substitution and permutation techniques. The hybrid approach starts by creating the initial S-Box from the irreducible polynomial over the Galois field, followed by the permutation operation to obtain the final S-Box; this is the first step of the encryption process. Subsequently, we conducted numerous analyses on the S-Box, examining its bijectivity, non-linearity, strict avalanche criteria, differential analysis, and fixed points to evaluate its performance. Our findings were commendable when compared to existing literature. Next, we utilized our unique chaotic map and cellular automata, which are both effective pseudo random number generators for cryptographic properties, in conjunction with S-Box to enhance the security and complexity of the encryption algorithm. Finally, we subject our encryption algorithm to various security analyses and compare its performance with existing literature. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm performs well in terms of security and complexity, and its low computational resource makes it suitable for real-time cryptographic applications. This contribution will be an added advantage in the development of image encryption standards.
An integral for self inductance of thin wires
Authors: Majic Matt
Published: November 2024

I propose an elegant method of calculating the self inductance of a thin wire of arbitrary shape. The inductance is broken to into two parts - the inductance of a straight wire of the same length and cross section, and the remainder, the ‘curve inductance’ due to the shape of the axial curve. The curve inductance is finite and can be calculated from a double integral by subtracting the straight wire singularity inside the integrand. Unlike all other methods, this does not involve a small parameter, and can be applied to any curve knowing its arc length parameterization. We use the circular arc and helix as examples and find that the integral is fast and accurate. The limits of the approximation are investigated for touching parallel wires.
On the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with an electric field confined to a circular box
Authors: Fernández Francisco M , Garcia Javier , Aquino Norberto , Flores-Riveros Antonio
Published: November 2024

We revisit the quantum-mechanical two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with an electric field confined to a circular box of impenetrable walls. In order to obtain the energy spectrum we resort to the Rayleigh-Ritz method with polynomial and Gaussian basis sets. We compare present results with those derived recently by other authors. We discuss the limits of large and small box radius and also do some calculations with perturbation theory.
First-principles investigation of structural, electronic, optical, elastic, and thermoelectric properties of cubic francifluorite perovskites FrXF3 (X = Si, Ge, and Sn) for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Benahmedi Lakhdar , Besbes Anissa , Djelti Radouan , Bendehiba Sidahmed , Aissani Ali
Published: November 2024

This study employs first-principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), implemented in the Wien2k code, to investigate the structural, electronic, optical, elastic, and thermoelectric properties of FrXF3 (X = Si, Ge, Sn) compounds. Various exchange–correlation functionals, including GGA-PBE, GGA-PBEsol, GGA-WC, and TB-mBJ, were utilized to achieve a comprehensive analysis. The electronic structure calculations reveal that all compounds exhibit semiconducting behavior with direct band gaps (R→R), ranging from 1.75 eV to 2.68 eV using TB-mBJ. Optical properties analysis shows strong responses in the visible to ultraviolet range, highlighting their potential for optoelectronic applications. Thermoelectric evaluations, including thermal and electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, and figure of merit, indicate that FrXF3 compounds possess significant thermoelectric potential, positioning them as promising candidates for thermoelectric applications.
Saturated absorption spectroscopy of 87Rb atoms using structured light: observation of narrow hyperfine and crossover resonances
Authors: Akhtar Samim , Das Aparajita , Saha Jayanta K , Hossain Md Mabud
Published: November 2024

An experiment on the saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) of 87Rb-D2 line is performed using the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam as structured light. The theoretical simulation of which is done by considering a four-level atom-laser coupled system. The theoretically simulated spectra fairly match with the experimentally observed spectra. The line-width narrowing behavior of both the observed hyperfine and crossover resonances in the Doppler-broadened probe absorption spectra is attributed by the spatially dependent Rabi frequency of the pump LG beam irrespective of the characteristics of the probe beam. The results also illustrated that the narrowing behavior of the line shapes of the hyperfine structure using the LG beam is universal in nature, i.e. irrespective of hyperfine or crossover transitions. This structured light-induced narrowing of line-width of the sub-Doppler hyperfine and crossover resonances can be utilized for high-precision laser frequency locking at a particular hyperfine or crossover transition. Moreover, a significant narrowing of hyperfine and crossover resonances with the variation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) number of the LG beam shows that the generated SAS signal can be manipulated by using the OAM of the structured light as a control knob.
Feedback projection synchronization of discrete chaotic systems and its application to speech encryption
Authors: Yang Ziheng , Wu Wenchu , Ding Qun
Published: November 2024

Chaotic systems are widely used in secure communication due to their sensitivity to initial values, unpredictability, and complex motion trajectories. In this paper, we study the encryption method of chaotic synchronization and introduce a scaling factor based on traditional feedback control synchronization to achieve more accurate projection synchronization. The effectiveness and robustness of the method in chaotic systems are verified through theoretical proofs and numerical simulations. A chaotic masked speech encryption system utilizing bit similarity is designed; the structural similarity index (SSIM) of the decrypted signal with the original signal is as high as 0.992866, while the SSIM value of the encrypted signal with the original signal is only 0.000030, proving the efficiency and security of the encryption process. Additionally, we analyzed the data transmission process of the encryption system. The fusion of the control signal and the encryption sequence into one transmission sequence in the channel not only saves hardware and software design resources but also reduces inter-channel interference and conflict, improving the reliability and stability of the transmission. Experimental results show that the system performs well in terms of data transmission security and anti-interference capability.
Neutrino oscillation in the presence of background classical sources
Authors: Mandal Susobhan
Published: November 2024

The presence of background classical sources affects quantum field theory significantly in different ways. Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature, a celebrated result in modern physics. Neutrino oscillation plays an important role in many astrophysical observations. However, the interactions between the background classical sources with neutrinos are not often considered. In the present article, we show the effect of some classical sources, namely matter currents, electromagnetic waves, torsion, and gravitational waves on neutrino oscillation. It is shown explicitly that the above sources can change the helicity state of neutrinos during neutrino oscillation.
Symplectic symmetry approach to clustering in atomic nuclei: the case of 24Mg
Authors: Ganev H G
Published: November 2024

Symplectic symmetry approach to clustering (SSAC) in atomic nuclei, recently proposed, is modified and further developed in more detail. It is firstly applied to the light two-cluster 20Ne + α system of 24Mg, the latter exhibiting well developed low-energy

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1

+

,

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=

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1

+

and

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−

rotational bands in its spectrum. A simple algebraic Hamiltonian, consisting of dynamical symmetry, residual and vertical mixing parts is used to describe these three lowest rotational bands of positive and negative parity in 24Mg. A good description of the excitation energies is obtained by considering only the SU(3) cluster states restricted to the stretched many-particle Hilbert subspace, built on the leading Pauli allowed SU(3) multiplet for the positive- and negative-parity states, respectively. The coupling to the higher cluster-model configurations allows us to describe the known low-lying experimentally observed B(E2) transition probabilities within and between the cluster states of the three bands under consideration without the use of an effective charge.
Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e
Authors: Wang Nan , Lu Lu-Yao , Liu Hui-Gen , Chen An-Dong , Lu Tiger , Cui Ao-Ran , Wang Jun-Kai
Published: November 2024

Contrary to the solar system, most exoplanet systems detected hitherto are close-in and compact. One typical system is TRAPPIST-1, which has seven nearly co-planar terrestrial planets all within the orbit of Mercury, including three in the habitable zone. To evaluate the differences in developing sophisticated gravity theories from the solar system, we use N-body integrations to simulate ephemeris and reproduce some important astronomy phenomena observed on the potentially habitable planet TRAPPIST-1e. Retrograde motions of other planets last 1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than in the solar system, but occur much more frequently. Transit events of all inner planets can be observed steadily. Except for Kepler's first law, which is hard to notice for low eccentricities of planets, the other two laws can then be precisely verified in 102 days, because the areas swept by planets vary by ≲0.01% and the observed semimajor axes and periods result in constants with theoretical and observation accuracies both ​​​​≲2%. However, the mean motion correlation implies that the Great Inequality is not always apparent between one pair of planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Furthermore, general relativity can hardly be discovered because it gives rise to perihelion precession of inner planets only ​​​​​​~​​​​​​0.1% of gravity precession, dozens of times smaller than Mercury. Our results support the possibility of developing part of gravity theories by potential exo-civilizations in compact systems like TRAPPIST-1.
Laboratory and beam-test performance study of a 55 µm pitch iLGAD sensor bonded to a Timepix3 readout chip
Authors: Svihra P. , Bates R. , Braach J. , Buschmann E. , Dannheim D. , Maneuski D. , Moffat N. , Otarid Y.
Published: November 2024

This contribution reports on characterisation results of a large-area (2 cm2) small pitch (55 µm) inverse Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (iLGAD), bonded to a Timepix3 readout chip. The ilGAD sensors were produced by Micron Semiconductor Ltd with the goal to obtain good gain uniformity and maximise the fill-factor — an issue present with standard small-pitch LGAD designs. We have conducted detailed performance evaluations using both X-ray calibrations and beam tests. An X-ray fluorescence setup has been used to obtain energy calibration and to identify the optimal operating settings of the new devices, whereas the extensive beam tests allowed for a detailed evaluation of the detector performance. The beam-tests were performed at the CERN SPS North Area H6 beamline, using a 120 GeV/c pion beam. The reference tracking and time-stamping is achieved by a Timepix3-based beam telescope setup.

The results show a gain of around 5 with very good uniformity, measured across the whole gain area, as well as a hit time resolution down to 1.3 ns without correcting for the time-walk effects. Furthermore, it is shown that the gain opens the possibility of a good X-ray energy resolution down to 4.5 keV.
Timepix3: single-pixel multi-hit energy-measurement behaviour
Authors: Bromberger Hubertus , Pennicard David , Ballabriga Rafael , Trippel Sebastian , Küpper Jochen
Published: November 2024

The event-driven hybrid-pixel detector readout chip, Timepix3, has the ability to simultaneously
measure the time of an event on the nanosecond timescale and the energy deposited in the sensor.
However, the behaviour of the system when two events are recorded in quick succession of each
other on the same pixel was not studied in detail previously. We present experimental
measurements, circuit simulations, and an empirical model for the impact of a preceding event on
this energy measurements, which can result in a loss as high as 70%. Accounting for this effect
enables more precise compensation, particularly for phenomena like timewalk. This results in
significant improvements in time resolution — in the best case, multiple tens of nanoseconds —
when two events happen in rapid succession.