bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of surgical admissions to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective study
Authors: Wondimu Sahlu , Bekele Solomon , Giorgis Dawit G. , Getachew Feron , Seyoum Nebyou
Published: April 2021

Background: Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH) is Ethiopia’s largest tertiary teaching and referral hospital admitting and treating surgical patients under various specialties. This study aims to analyze the magnitude and pattern of surgical admissions to this facility. Methods: A five-year Cross sectional retrospective analysis was done on all adult surgical admissions to TASH from Sept. 2010 to Sept. 2015. Results: There were a total of 8,698 surgical admissions of which, 4471 (51.4%) were male and 4227 (48.5%) were female with male to female ratio of 1.06:1. Their age ranged from 13 to 95, with mean age being 38.8 ± 16.2 years. Three thousand two hundred twenty two (46.5%) patients were from Addis Ababa. Of all admissions, 4706 (54.1%) were elective ones of which obstructive uropathy, 997(21.1%), esophageal diseases, 716(15.2%) and Urolithiasis, 573(12.2%) respectively are the top three. The rest, 3992 (44.9%), were emergency admissions, the top three ones being trauma, 1435(35.9%), appendicitis 281(7%) and Intestinal obstruction, 190(4.7%) respectively. General surgical (gastrointestinal, endocrine and vascular) cases account for 3414 (39.25%) of all admissions followed by urosurgical cases, 2114 (25.31%), cardiothoracic surgical cases, 1942 (22.33%), and neurosurgical cases, 1139 (13.1%). There were a total of 280 deaths with an overall mortality rate of 4% of which, 3.2% were from elective admissions and 5.2% from emergency ones. Mortality rate was the highest among neurosurgical patients being 6.3% followed by 4.3%, 3.8% and 3.5% in cardiothoracic, general surgical and urosurgical cases respectively. Conclusions: The admission pattern indicates quite a big number and diversity of cases though the bed capacity is limited. There are significant number of cases that could be treated at other secondary level hospitals. Trauma is the leading cause of emergency admissions and significant cause of mortality. We recommend increasing the number of beds, organizing separate trauma center and admitting only cases requiring tertiary level care. Keywords: pattern of surgical diseases; surgical admissions; Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
Development of Oral Healthcare Application for Improving Recognition Function to Prevent Elderly Dementia
Authors:   Department of Computer Convergence Electronics, Sun-Moon University & 70, Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myon, Asan-si, Chungcheongname-do, Republic of Kore, Kang In-Ae , Lee Kyung-Oh , Choi Yong-Keum
Published: April 2021

Korea and Japan are the countries with more than 30% of the population aged 60 or over in 2019, and Korea is progressing its aging speed faster than Japan. Oral healthcare in the elderly is a fundamental component of the whole health and has a significant impact on the quality of life. Accordingly, there is an urgent interest and effort for improving oral healthcare and improving the quality of life for the elderly. Due to the lack of economic power and low education levels, the number of dental visits by the elderly has dropped significantly. Therefore, developing an application for oral healthcare for the elderly not only helps to keep oral healthcare on their own but also prevents dementia, thus reducing the social cost of dementia. This mobile application is based on the findings that it can activate the cognitivebehavioural function, prevent dementia, or slow the progression of dementia by strengthening chewing function and oral muscle function exercise of the elderly. This application is composed of a content utilization module and oral healthcare diagnostic module and used Android Jellybean 4.1, Android SDK, Cordova, Materialize CSS, Sublime Editor, Windows 10 for mobile application development.
Ovarian cysts in cattle
Authors: Mimoune Nora , Azzouz Mohamed Yassine , Khelef Djamel , Kaidi Rachid
Published: April 2021

Ovarian cysts (OC) are one of the major factors affecting the fertility of dairy cattle due to their negative effects on reproductive performances, causing great economic losses. They have been traditionally defined as anovulatory follicular structures with a diameter exceeding 20 or 25 mm, lasting at least 10 days on the ovary in the absence of a functional corpus luteum. However, in recent years, the development of ovarian ultrasound and hormonal assays, particularly progesterone (P4), have provided additional information, thus changing the definition of this disease. These methods were proposed as the most effective combination for the diagnosis of OC. Treatments are primarily based on the use of different hormones or hormonal associations. Particularly, the standard treatment is GnRH. PGF2α is very effective in the case of luteal cyst. However, treatment failures observed with commonly administered hormones require the use of second-line treatments. Therefore, the Ovsynch protocol and progestogen appear to be a possible alternative in OC treatment. In order to prevent OC formation and to reduce OC incidence, strategies should focus on reducing diseases and stress and optimizing food intake during dry-off and post-partum (PP) periods. Medical prevention has been proposed with the same substances commonly used in treatment (GnRH, PGF2α).
Frequency analysis of changes and disease symptoms in wild boars in Poland in 2015-2019
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Bombik Elżbieta , Kondracki Stanisław
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to analyse the results of the post-mortem sanitary and veterinary examinations of wild boar by the Veterinary Inspection in Poland between 2015 and 2019. The examination took into account changes such as emaciation, septicaemia and pyaemia, parasitic diseases and other. Analyses determined the number of animals examined, the number of carcasses with lesions, and the number of carcasses declared unfit for consumption. During the study period, more than 680,000 wild boars were subjected to sanitary and veterinary tests in Poland. Symptoms or lesions were found in 11,566 animals (1.70%), and 10,883 (1.60%) animals were declared unfit for consumption. The percentage of wild boar carcasses with lesions examined by year ranged from 1.23% in 2015 to 2.02% in 2019 and the percentage of wild boar carcasses declared unfit in relation to all carcasses tested ranged from 1.23% in 2015 to 1.88% in 2019. Parasitic lesions were found in 3488 wild boar carcasses, accounting for 30.16% of all changes recorded in wild boar carcasses. The most common parasitic disease was trichinellosis and the most frequent change was emaciation, which was recorded in 2665 (0.39%) animals. Putrefaction is a common lesion in wild boar carcasses, and was detected in 2546 (0.37%) animals. Territorial differences were found in the frequency of lesions in wild boars in Poland. The most trichinellosis cases in carcasses was recorded in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (748) and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (638). Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship together had a total of 2324 cases of emaciation, accounting for 87.2% of all cases of these changes registered in the study period. The largest number of wild boar carcasses declared unfit for consumption was found in Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship (3356) and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (2692), together accounting for 6048 unfit carcasses, or more than 55% of all carcasses declared unfit for consumption during the study period. The number of wild boars diagnosed with trichinellosis increased during the study period and was highest during 2019, with a systematic increase in the percentage of carcasses declared unfit for consumption in relation to the total.
An epidemiological study of bovine mastitis and associated risk factors in and around Eltarf District, northeast Algeria
Authors: Hocine Abderrazek , Bouzid Riad , Talhi Hamida , Khelef Djamel
Published: April 2021

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to assess potential risk factors among lactating cows, both local and crossbreeds, in and around Eltarf town in northeast Algeria. A total of 324 lactating cows were included in the survey, examined for mastitis by clinical examination of the udder and teats and tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine clinical and subclinical mastitis. Data was collected in a questionnaire during the farm visit. The overall prevalence was 41.66% (135/324), of which 9.80% (32/324) were clinical and 31.79% (103/324) subclinical cases. Out of 1296 quarters examined, the prevalence rate was 41.04% (532/1296), where 9.25% (120/1296) were clinical and 31.79% (412/1296) subclinical aspects of mastitis. Right Hind teats (RH) showed the highest rate of inflammation (51.54%), followed by the Left Hind (LH) teat in second place (44.44%), Right front quarter (RF; 36.11%) and lastly Left Front (LF; 32.09%). The relationships of risk factors with mastitis status were determined using Chi-square analysis, associations between mastitis and the independent variables, including parity and hygienic condition of the udder, teat and housing of cows were statistically significant (P<0.05) in the univariate analysis. Mastitis prevalence was significantly higher in cows having delivered four calves (87.50%) comparing to cows with less than four calves (28.16%), irrespective of lactation stage. Significantly higher mastitis prevalence was also observed in poor hygienic conditions (38.82%; P<0.05) than good hygienic condition (22.07%). Other risk factors such as breed, age, lactation stage, rearing system, housing system and tick control infestation did not differ significantly (P>0.05). This study indicated that mastitis is a prevalent disease and a serious problem across herds in and around the Eltarf district in Algeria. Further detailed epidemiological, microbiological, and economic analysis studies are required at the national level to tailor existing control and prevention strategies. Regular surveillance measures are recommended.
Rodent Experimental Model of Konzo: Characterization of Motor Impairment and Neurodegeneration after Cassava Neurotoxicity in the Rat
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, David Lekpa , Paul Chikwuogwo ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Chigeru Peace ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Martin John ,   Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, United States
Published: April 2021

Konzo is a motor neuron neurodegenerative disease caused by bitter cassava toxicity that presents as a non-progressive spastic paraparesis. The ability of bitter cassava to produce behavioural and structural changes in adult rat nervous system was examined. Twenty five rats were used for this study, and pruned to 20 after consistent baseline performance was achieved (n=20; control=5, cassava chow=15). The rats were switched to a cassava diet for another 5 weeks (n=15). After the cassava consumption period, 5 rats underwent rehabilitation training three times a week and their performance tested once in a week for 5 weeks. Quantitative and qualitative assessments using a reaching movement scale and reach-to-grasp success rate were respectively carried out. Animals subjected to cassava toxicity performed significantly worse than the controls when determining the success rate in a reach-to-grasp experiment (baseline=69.8%, cassava diet=21.4%, post-cassava diet =48.9%). The various movement of the rat was analysed using ANOVA and there was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the performance. The rats couldn’t pronate, grasp, withdraw or open the digits properly when fed with cassava diet. Histology showed neuropathological damages on the motor cortex, less neurons in the motor neuron pool of the spinal cord and disruption of pyramidal layer of the hippocampus when rats were given bitter cassava. Immunofluorescence stain shows motor neurons and numerous choline acetyltransferase (ChAT+) processes and some C-boutons. There are behavioural evidence and neuropathological changes in the motor cortex and ventral horn of the spinal cord that may underlie movement impairments in rats fed with bitter cassava.
Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach.) Taub. Fruit Extract Improves Cognitive Behaviour and Some Brain Areas of Pentylenetetrazol-Kindling Rats
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Ekong Moses , Iniodu Clementina ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Essien Ini-Obong ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Edem Samuel ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Published: April 2021

Epilepsy is a neuronal disorder that arises from imbalances of some neurotransmitters and manifests as recurrent seizure and cognitive impairment. Most antiepileptic drugs are either expensive, not effec¬tive or are associated with adverse effects warranting efficacious alternatives. This study, therefore, investigated the activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach.) Taub fruit extract (TTE) on the behaviour and some brain areas of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were assigned into five groups (1-5, n=7): Control (distilled water); TTE (500 mg/kg); PTZ (40 mg/kg); PTZ (40 mg/kg) pre-treated with either sodium valproate (SV, 200 mg/kg) or TTE (500 mg/kg). All treatments were oral, except for the PTZ (intraperitoneally), and carried out 48 hourly, until kindling was also fully achieved (21 days). Subsequently, there was a beam walking behavioural test, deep anaes-thesia and animals’ sacrifice, while whole brains were processed for histology. The results showed that seizure was induced with higher mortality in the PTZ group, and was suppressed with higher quantal protection in the PTZ groups pre-treated with either TTE or SV. There was no difference (p>0.05) in beam walk slips and latency. Simultaneously, the PTZ group showed some degenerative cellular changes in the hippocampus and temporal cortex, with significantly (p<0.05) higher cellular density, except in the cerebellum. These cellular changes were either minimal or not apparent in the PTZ groups pre-treated with either TTE or SV compared with the control group. In conclusion, TTE protected against PTZ - induced seizures and brain histopathology of rats, with results similar to the standard anticonvulsant drug, SV.
EL IMPUESTO SOBRE ENVASES DE PLÁSTICO NO REUTILIZABLES Y OTRAS MEDIDAS FISCALES EN EL ANTEPROYECTO DE LEY DE RESIDUOS
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Cobos Gómez José María
Published: April 2021

El Anteproyecto de Ley de Residuos contempla la introducción de un impuesto sobre los envases de plástico no reutilizables, junto con otras medidas fiscales, con la finalidad de fomentar la prevención de residuos, en el marco de una economía circular. En este trabajo se analizan los precedentes de dicho impuesto y la regulación prevista en el Anteproyecto, en comparación con el impuesto recientemente aprobado en Italia y el que se prevé introducir en Reino Unido, así como otras medidas fiscales previstas en dicha norma.
LA MODIFICACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CONTRIBUYENTE A TRAVÉS DE LA DIVULGACIÓN DE SU IDENTIDAD EN EL LISTADO DE INCUMPLIDORES RELEVANTES
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Olivares Olivares Bernardo D.
Published: April 2021

El presente documento contiene los resultados de un estudio longitudinal realizado durante cinco años (2015-2019), en el que se estudia el comportamiento de los contribuyentes incluidos en la lista de incumplidores relevantes a la Hacienda Pública. A partir de los datos obtenidos mediante el análisis estadístico, se estudia, desde la perspectiva del Derecho Tributario y los principios de la Psicología aplicada al comportamiento de los contribuyentes, la efectividad real de dicho listado. La investigación introduce propuestas de mejora técnica de la norma, partiendo de la evidencia empírica para incrementar su eficacia y el cumplimiento de sus objetivos, ponderando los bienes jurídicos implicados, especialmente, el derecho a la protección de datos personales.
Smart Production of Lipids as Bio-Fuel in Spirulina Platensis (=Arthrospira Fusiformis), and Bio-Oxygen and Bio-Electricity in Media Cultured in Supernatant of Digested Poultry Waste
Authors:   Bangamata Sheikh Fajjilatunnesha Mujib Science and Technology University, Jamalpur, Melandah, Bangladesh, Satter M.A.
Published: April 2021

An experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performances and production of bio-fuel of Spirulina platensis (Gomont), and bio-oxygen and bio-electricity of culture media in supernatant of three different amount of digested poultry waste (DPW), and Kosaric medium (KM) as control. Three different amounts (concentrations) such as 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g/L poultry waste were allowed to digest under aeration. After 17 days, 700 ml grayish coloured supernatant was taken with addition of 9.0 g/L NaHCO3 and 0.50 ml/l micronutrient in 2.0 L conical flask with three replications and then autoclaved. Spirulina was inoculated to grow in these three treatments including KM (Control) after 72 hours of autoclave and then allowed to grow for a period of 14 days. This duration was estimated through repeated growth trials. The cell weight of spirulina was attained a maximum of 12.58 ± 1.25 mg/L (dry wt. basis) in KM followed by 11.46 ± 1.03, 9.16 ± 0.84 and 8.13 ± 0.73 mg/L in supernatant of 4.0, 2.0 and 6.0 g/L DPW, respectively on the 10th day of culture. Similar trend was also observed in the cases of optical density of the media contained spirulina, chlorophyll a content (mg/L), cell weight, total biomass (mg/l) and specific growth rates on the basis of cell weight and chlorophyll a. Cell weight of spirulina grown in these media had highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with the chlorophyll a content (r = 0.993) of spirulina. Crude protein of spirulina grown in supernatant of DPW was lower than that of spirulina cultured in KM. Crude lipids as bio-fuel of spirulina cultured in supernatant of 4.0 g/L DPW was almost three times higher than that of spirulina grown in KM which may be due to high phospholipids bioaccumulation. Phosphate-P was decreased in media of DPW due to its use for high lipids biosynthesis as phospholipids. Bio-oxygen was produced higher ranged from 2.1 ± 11 mg/L on initial day to 10.20 ± 0.54 mg/L on 10th day grown in supernatant of 4.0 g/L DPW media. Bio-electricity as green electricity ranged from 135 ± 4 on initial day to 284 ± 7 mV on 10th day when spirulina cultured in supernatant of 4.0 g/L DPW which was higher than grown in other media. pH followed the similar trend like bio-oxygen and bio-electricity. It was found that the production of bio-oxygen, bio-fuel and bio-electricity had direct relation with pH in culture media of spirulina. Therefore, mass production of Spirulina platensis might be done in supernatant of 4.0 g/L digested poultry waste to get high total lipids as bio-fuel, bio-electricity and bio-oxygen.
An Important Factor in Solving the Poor Problem
Authors:   Associate professor of the Department of Economics, Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Namangan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Maxkamov Ibrohim
Published: April 2021

This article highlights the role of farms in improving the welfare of the population, in particular, in Namangan region, the specifics of the specifics of the solution of the problem of poverty through the development of farms in Namangan region.
Uso da Oscilação Oral de Alta Freqüência em Pacientes Ventilados Mecanicamente, um Estudo Prospectivo e Revisão de Literatura The Use of the Oral High Frequency Oscillation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients, a Study Prospective and Literature Revision
Authors: Silveira Ana Cristina Tavares , Cunha Cleize Silveira , Pacheco Danielle Batista , Silva Ney Marcelo De Azevedo
Published: April 2021

A Oscilação Oral de Alta Freqüência (OOAF), ou Oral High Frequency Oscillation (OHFO), vem sendo estudada como um novo recurso fisioterapêutico, desde a década de 80, como sendo uma técnica de desobstrução brônquica. Para GAVA e ORTENZI (1998), a OOAF pode ser utilizada como coadjuvante à fisioterapia respiratória no tratamento de doenças pulmonares que se caracterizam pelo aumento de secreção brônquica. É atribuído a OOAF o descolamento da secreção brônquica, o aumento da função pulmonar e a melhora da oxigenação. Diversos autores descrevem sobre os aparelhos que estão disponíveis no mercado. Contudo, apresentam uma forma básica que lembra um pequeno cachimbo, em que, no seu interio,r existe um canal, onde está acentuada uma pequena esfera de aço. Na realidade, é um fiel resistor de limiar pressórico gravitacional, o qual permite a frenagem do fluxo expiratório, por produzir curtas e sucessivas interrupções à passagem do fluxo, que permitem uma repercussão oscilatória produzida por resistor do aparelho, que é transmitida à árvore brônquica. Atualmente, existem três modelos distintos no mercado: Flutter, Shaker e Acapella. (VOLSKO et al 2003). CARVALHO (2001) ressalta que a pressão positiva oscilatória,atua promovendo a dilatação dos brônquios até as estruturas periféricas, facilitando deslocamento do muco e inibindo o colapso precoce brônquico, tendo como conseqüência, uma diminuição da resistência respiratória e o aumento do volume de reserva expiratória. Estudamos prospectivamente, 14 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 22 a 71 anos, portadores de vários tipos de doenças, tendo em comum o aumento da secreção brônquica. O presente estudo foi realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital VITA Volta Redonda.
LOS EFECTOS DE LA COVID-19 EN LAS RESIDENCIAS DE MAYORES
Authors: MARTÍNEZ NAVARRO JUAN ALEJANDRO
Published: April 2021

La crisis de emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19 ha
confirmado las graves deficiencias que caracterizan a nuestro modelo social y
sanitario, constatando la urgente necesidad de reformular nuevos mecanismos
de cooperación socio-sanitaria. En este complejo contexto, los principales efectos
de la pandemia se han hecho notar con especial intensidad en las residencias
de mayores. En lo referente a estos centros, la crisis sanitaria ha dejado en
evidencia un fracasado intento de medicalización de las residencias, y una atención sanitaria basada en un cuestionable sistema de priorización de pacientes.
Las preocupantes consecuencias sufridas en estos centros obligan a plantear algunas
cuestiones jurídicas y bioéticas de apremiante tratamiento.

COVID-19ak ekarri duen osasun-larrialdiak edo -krisiak erakutsi
digu gure gizarte- eta osasun-ereduak badituela ¿bere-bereak gainera¿
hutsune larri batzuk. Garbi geratu da lankidetza soziosanitarioko mekanismo
berriak birformulatu behar direla, berehala. Testuinguru konplexu horretan,
pandemiaren ondorio handienak adinekoen egoitzetan nabaritu dira bereziki.
Zentro horiei dagokienez, osasun-krisiak agerian utzi du egoitzak medikalizatzeko
ahalegina egin dela baina ahalegin horrek porrot egin duela; eta erakutsi du orobat
pazienteak lehenesteko sistema eztabaidagarri batean oinarritu dela osasunarreta.
Zentro horietan izandako ondorio kezkagarriak ikusita, badira gai juridiko
eta bioetiko batzuk premiaz tratatu beharrekoak; derrigor mahaigaineratu
behar
dira.

The health emergency crisis caused by COVID-19 has revealed the
serious deficiencies in our social and health model, confirming the urgent need
to reformulate new mechanisms for socio-health cooperation. In this complex
context, the main effects of the pandemic have been felt with special intensity in
nursing homes. In relation to these centers, the health crisis has revealed a failed
attempt to medicalize nursing homes, and a health care based on a questionable
patient prioritization system. The worrying consequences suffered in these centers
make it necessary to raise some pressing legal and bioethical questions.
LA EJECUCIÓN DE LOS FONDOS DE RECUPERACIÓN EUROPEOS. MEDIDAS SOBRE CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA INTRODUCIDAS POR EL REAL DECRETO-LEY 36/2020
Authors: MORENO MOLINA JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: April 2021

El trabajo analiza el papel de las compras públicas para impulsar
la reactivación económica y las medidas para la gestión y ejecución de los fondos
«Next Generation EU» adoptadas por medio del Real Decreto-Ley 36/2020, por el
que se aprueban medidas urgentes para la modernización de la Administración
Pública y para la ejecución del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia.
Son objeto de estudio las especialidades en materia de contratación pública
que recoge la norma, que se aplicarán sólo a las actuaciones de cualesquiera de
las entidades del sector público dirigidas a la gestión y ejecución de proyectos y
actuaciones que sean financiables con los fondos europeos y que en el trabajo se
concluye que son limitadas y de escaso alcance.

Bi gauza aztertzen dira lan honetan: erosketa publikoek zer
egin dezaketen ekonomiaren susperraldia bultzatzeko, eta «Next Generation EU»
funtsak kudeatzeko eta exekutatzeko neurriak. Funts horiek ¿gogora dezagun¿
36/2020 Errege Lege Dekretuaren bidez taxutu ziren, dekretu horrek premiazko
neurri batzuk onartu ondoren Administrazio Publikoa modernizatzeko eta
Errekuperazio, Eraldaketa eta Erresilientzia Plana gauzatzeko. Arauak kontratazio
publikoaren arloan jasotzen dituen berezitasunak aztertuko dira. Ez dira edonoiz
aplikatzen; ikusi behar da sektore publikoko edozein entitatek zer egiten duen
funts europarren bidez finantza daitezkeen proiektuak eta jarduerak kudeatzeko eta
exekutatzeko, orduan soilik aplika daitezke. Ondorioztatu dugunez, egintza horiek
ez dira asko, eta ez dira urrun iristen.

The work analyzes the role of public purchases to promote
economic reactivation and the measures for the management and execution
of the «Next Generation EU» funds adopted through Royal Decree-Law
36/2020, which approves urgent measures to the modernization of the Public
Administration and for the execution of the Recovery, Transformation and
Resilience Plan. The public procurement specialties included in the standard are
the object of study, which will apply only to the actions of any of the public sector
entities aimed at the management and implementation of projects and actions
that are financed with European funds and that at work it is concluded that they
are limited and of little scope.
Les Fondements Anthropologiques d'une Théorie du Rapport au Savoir
Authors: Charlot Bernard
Published: April 2021

En 1997, a été publié le livre Du Rapport au savoir. Éléments pour une théorie. La théorie elle-même n’est pas venue ensuite, il lui manquait des fondements anthropologiques. Le livre Éducation ou Barbarie, paru em 2020, a proposé de tels fondements. Cet article a pour objectif d’articuler la théorie du rapport au savoir et les apports anthropologiques du livre récent. Une première partie propose une synthèse théorique des principes fondamentaux de la théorie du rapport au savoir. Toujours, ce rapport est à la fois singulier et social, il est rapport au monde, aux autres et à soi-même et il présente une dimension épistémique, identitaire et sociale – de sorte que l’éducation est, indissociablement, humanisation, socialisation et singularisation. La seconde partie de l’article expose les fondements anthropologiques de ces principes, en s’appuyant sur la paléoanthropologie et en défendant l’idée que l’humanité n’est pas une essence présente en chaque individu, mais le produit des activités des générations antérieures de Sapiens et des espèces humaines qui l’ont précédé et sa sédimentation dans un monde. L’éducation est le processus par lequel le petit d’homme, hominisé, s’humanise em s’appropriant l’humanité que lui propose le monde.
Evolution to Revolution
Authors: Jadhav Chinmay Suhas
Published: April 2021

We know that now a days everything Changes in a span of every 5 to 10 years. Demand in Technology has reached its peak. Hence, we need to understand the basic values and necessity of advancement in future Technology to achieve the most from the world which is full of modern ideology. We can learn so many things from the past and apply it for the better future and to do so we should evolve and revolve around time. We should be able to cope up with the present and we should be able to see the future requirements and work with the same in the mind. Evolution is a slow and gradual process but it can transform the whole world if it is changed correctly. We just need to have that passion and desire to unleash the next into forthcoming world.
Geographies of Food
Authors: Kneafsey Moya , Maye Damian , Holloway Lewis , Goodman Michael K.
Published: April 2021

What is the future of food in light of growing threats from the climate emergency and natural resource depletion, as well as economic and social inequality? This textbook engages with this question, and considers the complex relationships between food, place, and space, providing students with an introduction to the contemporary and future geographies of food and the powerful role that food plays in our everyday lives.

Geographies of Food explores contemporary food issues and crises in all their dimensions, as well as the many solutions currently being proposed. Drawing on global case studies from the Majority and Minority Worlds, it analyses the complex relationships operating between people and processes at a range of geographical scales, from the shopping decisions of consumers in a British or US supermarket, to food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa, to the high-level political negotiations at the World Trade Organization and the strategies of giant American and European agri-businesses whose activities span several continents.

With over 60 color images and a range of lively pedagogical features, Geographies of Food is essential reading for undergraduates studying food and geography.
Bodies That Still Matter
Authors: Halsema Annemie , Kwastek Katja , Oever Roel , Zaharijević Adriana , Ewara Eyo , Nancy Jean-Luc , Irizarry Christine , Peetz Julia , Hui Tingting , Schuhmann Carmen , Weele Simon , Roei Noa , Sigler Friederike , Cavarero Adriana , Fischer-Lichte Erika , Butler Judith
Published: April 2021

Since the appearance of her early-career bestseller Gender Trouble in 1990, American philosopher Judith Butler is one of the most influential thinkers in academia. Her work addresses numerous socially pertinent topics such as gender normativity, political speech, media representations of war, the democratic power of assembling bodies, and the force of nonviolence. The volume Bodies That Still Matter: Resonances of the Work of Judith Butler brings together essays from scholars across academic disciplines who apply, reflect on, and further Butler’s ideas in their own research. It includes a new essay by Butler herself, from which it takes its title. Organized around four key themes in Butler’s scholarship – performativity, speech, precarity, and assembly – the volume offers an excellent introduction to the contemporary relevance of Butler’s thinking, a multi-perspectival approach to key topics of contemporary critical theory, and a testimony to the vibrant interdisciplinary discourses characterizing much of today’s humanities research.
Feedback Gains modulate with Motor Memory Uncertainty
Authors: Franklin Sae , Franklin David W.
Published: April 2021

A sudden change in dynamics produces large errors leading to increases in muscle co-contraction and feedback gains during early adaptation. We previously proposed that internal model uncertainty drives these changes, whereby the sensorimotor system reacts to the change in dynamics by upregulating stiffness and feedback gains to reduce the effect of model errors. However, these feedback gain increases have also been suggested to represent part of the adaptation mechanism. Here, we investigate this by examining changes in visuomotor feedback gains during gradual or abrupt force field adaptation. Participants grasped a robotic manipulandum and reached while a curl force field was introduced gradually or abruptly. Abrupt introduction of dynamics elicited large initial increases in kinematic error, muscle co-contraction and visuomotor feedback gains, while gradual introduction showed little initial change in these measures despite evidence of adaptation. After adaptation had plateaued, there was a change in the co-contraction and visuomotor feedback gains relative to null field movements, but no differences between the abrupt and gradual introduction of dynamics. This suggests that the initial increase in feedback gains is not part of the adaptation process, but instead an automatic reactive response to internal model uncertainty. In contrast, the final level of feedback gains is a predictive tuning of the feedback gains to the external dynamics as part of the internal model adaptation. Together, the reactive and predictive feedback gains explain the wide variety of previous experimental results of feedback changes during adaptation.
Study on the seasonal variation of Aeolus detection performance over China using ERA5 and radiosonde data
Authors: Chen Siying , Cao Rongzheng , Xie Yixuan , Zhang Yinchao , Tan Wangshu , Chen He , Guo Pan , Zhao Peitao
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Aeolus wind products have been available to ordinary users on May 12, 2020. In this paper, the Aeolus wind observations, L-band radiosonde (L-band RS) data and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) fifth generation atmospheric reanalyses (ERA5) are used to analyse the seasonality of Aeolus detection performance over China. Based on the Rayleigh-clear data and Mie-cloudy data, the data quality of the Aeolus effective detection data is verified, and the results show that the Aeolus data is in good agreement with the L-band RS data and the ERA5 data. The relative errors of Aeolus data in the four regions (Chifeng, Baoshan, Shapingba and Qingyuan) in China were calculated according to different months (July to December 2019, May to October 2020). The relative error of the Rayleigh-clear data in summer is significantly higher than that in winter, as the mean relative error parameter in July is 174 % higher than that in December. Besides, the distribution about the wind direction and the high-altitude clouds in different months (July and December) are analysed. The results show that the distribution of angle, between the horizontal wind direction of the atmosphere and the horizontal line of sight (HLOS), has a greater proportion in the high error interval (70°–110°) in summer, and this proportion is 8.14 % higher in July than in December. In addition, the cloud top height in summer is about 3–5 km higher than in winter, which may reduce the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Aeolus. The results show that the detection performance of Aeolus is affected by seasonal factors, which may be caused by seasonal changes in wind direction and cloud distribution.
The 1921 European drought: Impacts, reconstruction and drivers
Authors: van der Schrier Gerard , Allan Richard P. , Ossó Albert , Sousa Pedro M. , Van de Vyver Hans , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Coscarelli Roberto , Pasqua Angela A. , Petrucci Olga , Curley Mary , Mietus Mirosław , Filipiak Janusz , Štěpánek Petr , Zahradníček Pavel , Brázdil Rudolf , Řezníčková Ladislava , van den Besselaar Else J. M. , Trigo Ricardo , Aguilar Enric
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The European drought of 1921 is assessed in terms of its impacts on society and in terms of its physical characteristics. The development of impacts of the drought are categorized by a systematic survey of newspaper reports from five European newspapers covering the area from England to the Czech Republic and other parts of Europe. This is coupled to a reconstruction of daily temperature and precipitation based on (rescued) meteorological measurements to quantify the drought severity and extent, and reanalysis data is used to identify its drivers. This analysis shows that the first impacts of the drought started to appear in early spring and lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting water supply and agriculture and livestock farming. The dominant impact in western Europe is on agriculture and livestock farming while in central Europe the effects of wildfires were reported on most often. The peak in the number of reports is in late summer. Preceeding the first impacts was the dry autumn of 1920 and winter 1920/1921. The area hardest hit by the drought in the following spring and summer was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon, but a vast stretch of the continent, from Ireland to the Ukraine, was affected. The reported impacts on water supply and water borne transport in that region were matched by an analysis of the hydrological situation over the Seine catchment. On average, the 1921 summer was not particularly hot but the heat wave which was observed at the end of July saw temperatures matching those of the heatwaves in modern summers. Similar to modern droughts, an anticyclone was present roughly over the British Isles, maintaining sunny and dry weather in Europe and steering away cyclones to the north. Its persistence makes it exceptional in comparison to modern droughts. The 1921 drought stands-out as the most severe and most wide-spread drought in Europe since the start of the 20th century. While none of the seasons in 1920 and 1921 tops the scale of having the largest precipitation deficit on record, the conservative nature of drought amplifies the lack of precipitation in autumn and winter into the following spring and summer.
Crack-enhanced weathering in inscribed marble: a possible application in epigraphy
Authors: Aspiotis Stylianos , Schlüter Jochen , Harter-Uibopuu Kaja , Mihailova Boriana
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Raman spectroscopy has been applied to check if there are detectible material differences beneath the inscribed and non-inscribed areas of marble-based written artefacts, which could be further used to visualize lost or hardly readable text via suitable mapping. As a case study, marble segments with ∼ 2000-year-old inscribed letters from Asia Minor (western Turkey) and marble gravestones with 66 ± 14-year-old inscriptions from the cemetery of Ohlsdorf (Hamburg, Germany) have been subjected to Raman spectroscopy, as well as to complementary X-ray diffraction, wavelength-dispersive electron probe microanalysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, to thoroughly study the effect of different environmental conditions, grain size, and inscription age on the nature and penetration depth of marble alteration. The results demonstrate that environmental conditions rule over the type of dominant weathering changes, which are carotenoid molecular inclusions produced by lichen and amorphous carbon for marbles from Hamburg and Asia Minor, respectively. The alteration is much stronger in medium- and coarse-grained than in fine-grained marble, but it is suppressed by letter colouring. In the absence of letter colouring, the weathering-related products in both ancient and modern engraved marbles are more abundant beneath than away from the engraved areas, and the penetration depth is larger due to the enhancement of fissures and micro-cracks around the inscribed areas. We show that the Raman intensity ratio between the strongest peak of the weathering-related product (ν(C=C) ∼ 1520 cm−1 for carotenoids or the G peak ∼ 1595 cm−1 for soot-like carbon) and the strongest peak of marble (CO3 stretching near 1087 cm−1) can serve as a quantitative marker to indirectly map the lateral distribution of cracks induced during the inscribing process and hence can potentially be used to trace lost text on vanished marble inscriptions. This approach can be applied to other rock types, but further studies are required to identify the corresponding autochthonous weathering-related products.
Effect of stress history on sediment transport and channel adjustment in graded gravel-bed rivers
Authors: An Chenge , Hassan Marwan A. , Ferrer-Boix Carles , Fu Xudong
Published: April 2021

Abstract. With the increasing attention on environmental flow management for
the maintenance of habitat diversity and ecosystem health of mountain
gravel-bed rivers, much interest has been paid to how inter-flood low flow
can affect gravel-bed river morphodynamics during subsequent flood events.
Previous research has found that antecedent conditioning flow can lead to an
increase in critical shear stress and a reduction in sediment transport
rate during a subsequent flood. However, how long this effect can last during the
flood event has not been fully discussed. In this paper, a series of flume
experiments with various durations of conditioning flow are presented to
study this problem. Results show that channel morphology adjusts
significantly within the first 15 min of the conditioning flow but
becomes rather stable during the remainder of the conditioning flow. The
implementation of conditioning flow can indeed lead to a reduction of
sediment transport rate during the subsequent hydrograph, but such an effect is
limited to within a relatively short time at the beginning of the
hydrograph. This indicates that bed reorganization during the conditioning
phase, which induces the stress history effect, is likely to be erased with
increasing intensity of flow and sediment transport during the subsequent
flood event.
Characterization of nucleosome sediments for protein interaction studies by solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: le Paige Ulric B. , Xiang ShengQi , Hendrix Marco M. R. M. , Zhang Yi , Folkers Gert E. , Weingarth Markus , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Kutateladze Tatiana G. , Voets Ilja K. , Baldus Marc , van Ingen Hugo
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Regulation of DNA-templated processes such as gene
transcription and DNA repair depend on the interaction of a wide range of
proteins with the nucleosome, the fundamental building block of chromatin. Both solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy have become an attractive approach to study the dynamics and interactions of nucleosomes, despite
their high molecular weight of ∼200 kDa. For solid-state NMR
(ssNMR) studies, dilute solutions of nucleosomes are converted to a dense
phase by sedimentation or precipitation. Since nucleosomes are known to
self-associate, these dense phases may induce extensive interactions between
nucleosomes, which could interfere with protein-binding studies. Here, we characterized the packing of nucleosomes in the dense phase created by
sedimentation using NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. We found that nucleosome sediments are gels with variable degrees of
solidity, have nucleosome concentration close to that found in crystals, and
are stable for weeks under high-speed magic angle spinning (MAS).
Furthermore, SAXS data recorded on recovered sediments indicate that there
is no pronounced long-range ordering of nucleosomes in the sediment.
Finally, we show that the sedimentation approach can also be used to study
low-affinity protein interactions with the nucleosome. Together, our results give new insights into the sample characteristics of nucleosome sediments
for ssNMR studies and illustrate the broad applicability of
sedimentation-based NMR studies.
Investigating Spatial Heterogeneity within Fracture Networks using Hierarchical Clustering and Graph Distance Metrics
Authors: Prabhakaran Rahul , Bertotti Giovanni , Urai Janos , Smeulders David
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We investigate the spatial variation of 2D fracture networks digitized from the well-known Lilstock limestone pavements, Bristol Channel, UK. By treating fracture networks as spatial graphs, we utilize a novel approach combining graph similarity measures and hierarchical clustering to identify spatial clusters within fracture networks and quantify spatial variation. We use four graph similarity measures: fingerprint distance, D-measure, NetLSD, and portrait divergence to compare fracture graphs. The technique takes into account both topological relationship and geometry of the networks and is applied to three large fractured regions consisting of nearly 300,000 fractures spread over 14,200 sq.m. The results indicates presence of spatial clusters within fracture networks with that vary gradually over distances of tens of metres. One region is not influenced by faulting but still displays variation in background fracturing. Variation in fracture development in the other two regions are interpreted to be primarily influenced by proximity to faults that gradually gives way to background fracturing. Comparative analysis of the graph similarity-derived clusters with fracture persistence measures indicate that there is a general correspondence between patterns; however, additional variations are highlighted that is not obvious from fracture intensity and density plots. The proposed method provides a quantitative way to identify spatial variations in fracture networks which can be used to guide stochastic and geostatistical approaches to fracture network modelling.
Tanabe Seiko, Feminism, and the Making of a Love Novel
Authors: Sanga Luciana
Published: April 2021

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Darío, Nordau, Verlaine: génesis y estructura de "Los Raros"
Authors: Schmigalle Günther
Published: April 2021

Tanto la génesis como la estructura de Los Raros de Rubén Darío se aprecian mejor si se tiene presente que el poeta redactó los diversos artículos que conforman la obra como polémicas implícitas contra el famoso libro Degeneración de Max Nordau. Al mismo tiempo, en Los Raros Darío sigue el ejemplo de Paul Verlaine, quien exaltó a sus autores más admirados en su libro Les Poètes maudits. Al margen de nuestro análisis, sin querer queriendo, tropezamos con algunos aspectos desconocidos de la vida de Verlaine en el verano de 1893
Entre no-ficción y novela histórica: ambigüedad y eficacia en "Noviembre", de Jorge Galán
Authors: Lefere Robin
Published: April 2021

A través de la novela del salvadoreño Jorge Galán, Noviembre, se analiza las difusas fronteras que en ocasiones, y esta novela es una de ellas, hay entre el género “novela”, “novela histórica” y “novela de no ficción”.
Poemas viajeros. Aportaciones sobre la presencia de la Revolución Griega en la prensa de Argentina y Perú (1822)
Authors: Latorre Broto Eva
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se ofrecen nuevos datos sobre algunos poemas dedicados a la exaltación de la Revolución Griega que se publicaron en la prensa argentina y peruana de 1822 tomados de la prensa británica, con el fin de enriquecer el corpus de poesía filohelénica recopilado hasta el momento, y avalar al mismo tiempo la aportación ideológica del filohelenismo a los discursos de construcción nacional e identitaria de las nuevas repúblicas americanas.