bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FGL2 is positively correlated with enhanced antitumor responses mediated by T cells in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yuan Kai , Feng Yanyan , Wang Hesong , Zhao Lu , Wang Wei , Wang Ting , Feng Yuyin , Huang Guangrui , Xu Anlong
Published: March 2020

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor, accounting for 25% of cancer-related deaths and 14% of new cancers worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pulmonary cancer. Although there have been some improvements in the traditional therapy of lung cancer, the outcome and prognosis of patients remain poor. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 1.8 million new cases being diagnosed each year. Precision medicine based on genetic alterations is considered a new strategy of lung cancer treatment that requires highly specific biomarkers for precision diagnosis and treatment. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) plays important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diagnostic value of FGL2 in lung cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression profile and potential functions of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma. We used the TCGA and Oncomine datasets to compare the FGL2 expression levels between lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. We utilized the GEPIA, PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases to analyze the relationship between FGL2 expression and the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Then, we investigated the potential roles of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma with the TIMER database and functional enrichment analyses. We found that FGL2 expression was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. A high expression level of FGL2 was correlated with better prognostic outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients, including overall survival and progression-free survival. FGL2 was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, including dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T cells, in lung adenocarcinoma. Functional enrichment analyses also showed that a high expression level of FGL2 was positively correlated with enhanced T cell activities, especially CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, we propose that high FGL2 expression, which is positively associated with enhanced antitumor activities mediated by T cells, is a beneficial marker for lung adenocarcinoma treatment outcomes.
ПЕРЕОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ, ИЛИ АУДИТ РОССИЙСКОЙ МЕДИЕВИСТИКИ: МАТЕРИАЛЫ К КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ УДК 930(470)“20”::«Средние века», "Средние века"
Authors: Цатурова Сусанна Карленовна
Published: March 2020

Политическая история, переживающая в настоящее время подлинное обновление в мировой науке, заняла одно из ведущих позиций на страницах журнала в прошедшее десятилетие. Многие исследования отечественных ученых тесно связаны с работами европейских коллег. Доминирующей темой в российской медиевистике оставалась проблема взаимоотношений власти и общества. Наблюдается отход от прежнего восприятия этих отношений как исключительно конфронтационных. Нагляднее всего такой поворот отразился в исследованиях сословно-представительных собраний, способствовавших установлению равновесия сил власти и общества, поддержанию мира и правопорядка. Приоритет мнения общества в диалоге с властью неуклонно набирал силу, даже если само оно было неправо, провоцируя смуты и защищая локальные или групповые интересы в ущерб общему благу страны. Корпоративизм как сущностная черта средневекового общества проявлялся в появлении новых групп внутри политического общества, способных контролировать и ограничивать верховную власть. По-новому трактуется место правителя и его двора в системе функционирования общества: по мере усиления публично-правовых основ верховной власти и возникновения бюрократического аппарата личность монарха не теряет значения, оставаясь центром власти и опорой легитимности управленческих структур. Двор монарха не только отправлял властные функции, но и формировал социальную опору монархии, становясь арбитром в спорах разных политических групп. Внимание ученых привлекают прежде игнорируемые формы диалога власти с обществом: культурные и церемониальные аспекты жизни двора, праздники и спектакли как способы репрезентации образа монарха; печатный станок на службе пропаганде. Историки увидели новый смысл в поли- тических и дипломатических ритуалах. Немало новаций появилось в области терминологии и в подходах к ней. Большое место в эти годы занимала тема «Россия и Запад»: вводились в научный оборот новые источники, предлагались новые подходы к ним, проводились удачные сопоставления политических структур в России и на Западе.
ГРАМОТА МАРИНО ФАЛЬЕРА ИЗ СОБРАНИЯ Н.П. ЛИХАЧЕВА: К ВОПРОСУ О ДИПЛОМАТИКЕ ВЕНЕЦИАНСКИХ LETTERE DUCALI, "Средние века"
Authors: Чиркова Александра Викторовна
Published: March 2020

Статья посвящена документу, изданному 14 января 1355 г от имени венецианского дожа Марино Фальера. Дож приказывает венецианским властям в Лаконии (in partibus Sclavonie) предоставить гребцов на три галеи под командованием Брати Гвидо, Пьетро Нанни и Костантино Дзуколо, если в этом будет необходимость. Приказ написан в форме открытого послания и является самым древним из венецианских lettere ducali XIV - середины XVI в. из собрания Западноевропейской секции Научно-исторического архива СПбИИ РАН. Комплекс из 48 подлинных грамот, составленных от имени 16 дожей Венеции, является частью огромной рукописной коллекции, собранной академиком Н.П. Лихачевым (1862-1936). Эти документы не были опубликованы и остаются практически неизвестными ученому сообществу. Грамота Марино Фальера была приобретена Лихачевым у венецианского нотария и хранителя нотариального архива Габриэле Фантони (1833-1913), который в 1901 г предложил купить у него небольшую коллекцию старинных документов по истории Венеции. Письма Фантони, опубликованные Л.Г. Климановым, показывают, что русский коллекционер был способен и поддержать интерес продавца, и существенно сбить цену на раритеты. Три других lettere ducali, приобретенные у Фантони, это: 1) открытое послание Франческо Фоскари 1453 г., адресованное комиту Шкодера и венецианским властям Албании, оно касается деревни Grixa, отданной в пронию магистру Джованни Мурарио; 2) закрытое послание Агостино Барбариго 1501 г., адресованное Андрея Гритти, в то время правителю ломбардского города Азола; 3) закрытое послание самого Андрея Гритти 1524 г., адресованное местоблюстителю и советникам Кипра и сообщающее решение Совета Десяти об освобождении епископа Неаполя Паоло Боргезе от выплаты 130 дукатов десятины в пользу камеры Кипра.
ОТЗЫВ С.Ф. ПЛАТОНОВА НА КНИГУ ПО ИСТОРИИ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ ЛИТВЫ, "Средние века"
Authors: Митрофанов Виктор Владимирович
Published: March 2020

Вводится в научный оборот ранее не публиковавшийся отзыв С.Ф. Платонова на монографию известного исследователя истории средневековой Литвы А.И. Барбашёва. Факультетский отзыв решил судьбу соискателя докторской степени. Конкретизируются подходы будущего лидера петербургской исторической школы к подобным сочинениям.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Sorafenib Alone in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dawson Laura A. , Winter Kathryn A. , Knox Jennifer J. , Zhu Andrew X. , Krishnan Sunil , Guha Chandan , Kachnic Lisa A. , Gillin Michael T. , Hong Theodore S. , Craig Timothy D. , Williams Terence M. , Hosni Ali , Chen Eric , Noonan Anne M. , Koay Eugene J. , Sinha Rishi , Lock Michael I. , Ohri Nitin , Dorth Jennifer A. , Delouya Guila , Swaminath Anand , Moughan Jennifer , Crane Christopher H.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Most patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recur within the liver following systemic therapy.

Objective

To determine whether stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) improves outcomes in patients with locally advanced HCC compared with sorafenib alone.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter phase 3 randomized clinical trial randomized patients with HCC 1:1 to sorafenib or SBRT followed by sorafenib, stratified by performance status, liver function, degree of metastases, and macrovascular invasion. Eligible patients had HCC unsuitable for or refractory to standard local-regional therapies and were candidates for first-line systemic therapy. Data were collected from April 2013 to March 2021, and data were analyzed from July 2022 to August 2023.

Intervention

Personalized SBRT, 27.5 to 50 Gy in 5 fractions.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events, and quality of life.

Results

Of 193 patients randomized, 177 were eligible. Accrual was stopped early due to a change in standard-of-care systemic therapy. Of 177 included patients, 150 (84.7%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (60-72) years. Macrovascular invasion was seen in 131 (74.0%). As of July 1, 2022, the median OS was 12.3 months (90% CI, 10.6-14.3) with sorafenib vs 15.8 months (90% CI, 11.4-19.2) following SBRT and sorafenib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 90% CI, 0.59-1.01; 1-sided P = .06). Adjusting for stratification factors, OS was improved with SBRT (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-0.99; 2-sided P = .04). Median PFS was improved from 5.5 months (95% CI, 3.4-6.3) with sorafenib to 9.2 months (95% CI, 7.5-11.9) with SBRT and sorafenib (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.75; 2-sided P < .001). Treatment-related grade 3 or higher adverse events were seen in 37 of 88 (42%) and 39 of 83 (47%) of patients treated with sorafenib vs SBRT and sorafenib, respectively (P = .52). There were 2 treatment-related deaths in the sorafenib group (death not otherwise specified and liver failure) and 1 in the SBRT and sorafenib group (lung infection). At 6 months, improved quality of life was seen in 2 of 20 (10%) and 6 of 17 (35%) of patients treated with sorafenib and SBRT and sorafenib, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this phase 3 randomized clinical trial, among patients with locally advanced HCC, SBRT was associated with a clinically important but not statistically significant improved overall survival compared with sorafenib alone.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01730937
Bilateral Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickening in a Middle-Aged Woman
Authors: Zhu Ivy , Fawzi Amani A.
Published: December 2024

A middle-aged Hispanic woman presented for evaluation of an asymptomatic epiretinal membrane in the left eye. She had an ocular history of amblyopia in the left eye, a medical history significant for chronic neuropathy, ataxia, and myelopathy of unknown etiology, and nystagmus on examination. Genetic testing revealed variants in the SACS and SLC5A7 genes. What is your diagnosis?
Quinoidal Semiconductor Nanoparticles for NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging and Photoimmunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Niu Gaoli , Song Guangkun , Kang Yong , Zhai Yanhong , Fan Yueyue , Ye Jiamin , Li Ruiyan , Li Runtan , Zhang Yanwei , Wang Hong , Chen Yongsheng , Ji Xiaoyuan
Published: December 2024

Photoagents with ultra‐high near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) light energy conversion efficiency hold great promise in tumor phototherapy due to their ability to penetrate deeper tissues and minimize damage to surrounding healthy cells. However, the development of NIR‐II photoagents remain challenging. In this study, an all‐fused‐ring quinoidal acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A) molecule, SKCN, with a BTP core is synthesized, and nanoparticles named FA‐SNPs are prepared. The unique quinoidal structure enhances π‐electron delocalization and bond length uniformity, significantly reducing the bandgap of SKCN, resulting in strong NIR‐II absorption, a high molar extinction coefficient, and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 75.14%. Enhanced molecular rigidity also facilitates efficient energy transfer to oxygen, boosting reactive oxygen species generation. By incorporating the immunomodulator R848, FA‐SRNPs nanoparticles are further developed, effectively modulating the tumor immune microenvironment by reducing Tregs and M‐MDSCs infiltration, promoting dendritic cell maturation, M1 macrophage polarization, and activating CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Comprehensive studies using orthotopic ovarian cancer models demonstrated strong tumor targeting, photoacoustic imaging capabilities, and significant tumor suppression and metastasis inhibition, and also showing excellent therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic breast cancer model. This study provides strong evidence for the potential application of quinoidal A‐D‐A molecules in cancer photoimmunotherapy.
Orbital Coupling of Dual‐Atom Sites Boosts Electrocatalytic NO Oxidation and Dynamic Intracellular Response
Authors: Zeng Ruijin , Li Yanli , Wan Qing , Lin Zheng , Gao Qian , Qiu Minghao , Dong Zhaoqi , Xiao Limei , Sun Chenglong , Leng Mengyao , Gu Yu , Luo Mingchuan , Guo Shaojun
Published: December 2024

In situ measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in living tissue and single cells is highly important for achieving a profound comprehension of cellular functionalities and facilitating the precise diagnosis of critical diseases; however, the progress is greatly hindered by the weak affinity of ultratrace concentration NO in cellular environment toward electrocatalysts. Herein, a new strategy is reported for precisely constructing orbital coupled dual‐atomic sites to enhance the affinity between the metal atomic sites and NO on a class of N‐doped hollow carbon matrix dual‐atomic sites Co─Ni (Co1Ni1‐NC) for greatly boosting electrocatalytic NO performance. The as‐synthesized Co1Ni1‐NC demonstrates a substantially higher current density than Ni1‐NC and Co1‐NC, coupled with exceptional stability with a negligible degradation rate of 0.6 µA·cm−2·h−1, which is the best among the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for NO oxidation. Experimental and theoretical investigations collectively reveal that the pivotal role of d‐d orbit coupling between Co and Ni sites enables Ni to acquire additional electrons, leading to the occupation of Ni's 3dxy/yz within the 2π orbitals of NO, thus weakening the N≡O triple bond and concurrently accelerating NO adsorption kinetics. It is demonstrated that Co1Ni1‐NC‐coated nanoelectrode can achieve the in situ sensing of NO in living organs and single cells.
Laser‐Writing of Fluorescent Copolymers in Mesoporous Silica Thin Films
Authors: Richter Dominik , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette
Published: December 2024

Local polymer grafting, as well as automated direct laser writing (DLW) of polymers in mesoporous films, is demonstrated. Especially when low polymer amounts are grafted at a very small scale, analysis of polymer functionalization is a challenge. DLW of fluorescent copolymer is presented in mesoporous silica with 12 nm mesopore diameter by a surface‐initiated photo electron/energy transfer‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization using a 405 nm laser of a commercially available microscope. By the copolymerization of fluorescent comonomers during DLW, fluorescent microscale patterns of copolymer of sulfopropyl acrylate (SPA) and fluorescein methacrylate (FLMA) are obtained. The polymer spot sizes, as well as the polymer amount, are precisely manipulated by adjusting the irradiation time or power. A method for the analysis of confocal fluorescence image data is introduced, allowing quantitative comparison of relative polymer amounts by the correlation of fluorescence intensities and polymer specific IR absorption intensities. In addition, profiles of spatial polymer distribution on the micrometer scale are deduced from fluorescence image data and investigated. The polymer spot analysis shows that polymer amount gradients within each micrometer sized polymer spot are precisely tuned using irradiation time and laser power.
AI‐Enhanced Materials Identification with Smart Directional Tangential Flexible Sensor
Authors: Luo Hongsui , Niu Haoran , Li Bo , Lin Zhanhong , Yu Peixi , Zhang Liwen , Zhang Dongxing , Guo Qiuquan
Published: December 2024

In the field of intelligent manufacturing, flexible sensors play a key role as sensing components. However, people have previously focused on the normal response of tactile sensors and neglected the tangential response, and the traditional symmetric structure still has some difficulties in detecting the tangential force. Here, this work designed a novel sensor with high shear sensing capabilities using 3D printing technology to create micro‐pillar structures with adjustable aspect ratios, allowing for a wide detection range or high sensitivity. The sensor is composed of an anisotropic micro‐pillar dielectric layer and the fabric electrode layers. By vertically stacking two subunits, the sensor can accurately detect both the magnitude and direction of tangential forces. In addition, the sensor has virtually no signal drift after 20000 cycles, providing long‐term stability and durability. Finally, the sensor is integrated with AI technology and applied in areas such as robotic arm grasping, fabric texture sensing, and material recognition, highlighting its strong potential for applications in robotics and human‐machine interaction.
Swimming by Spinning: Spinning‐Top Type Rotations Regularize Sperm Swimming Into Persistently Progressive Paths in 3D
Authors: Ren Xiaomeng , Bloomfield‐Gadêlha Hermes
Published: December 2024

Sperm swimming is essential for reproduction, with movement strategies adapted to specific environments. Sperm navigate by modulating the symmetry of their flagellar beating, but how they swim forward with asymmetrical beats remains unclear. Current methods lack the ability to robustly detect the flagellar symmetry state in free‐swimming spermatozoa, despite its importance in understanding sperm motility. This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the fluid mechanics of sperm swimming with asymmetrical flagellar beats. Results show that sperm rotation regularizes the swimming motion, allowing persistently progressive swimming even with asymmetrical flagellar beats. Crucially, 3D sperm head orientation, rather than the swimming path, provides critical insight into the flagellar symmetry state. Sperm rotations during swimming closely resemble spinning‐top dynamics, with sperm head precession driven by the helical beating of the flagellum. These results may prove essential in future studies on the role of symmetry in microorganisms and artificial swimmers, as body orientation detection has been largely overlooked in favor of swimming path analysis. Altogether, this rotational mechanism provides a reliable solution for forward propulsion and navigation in nature, which would otherwise be challenging for flagella with broken symmetry.
Competitiveness, Specialization, and Structural Shifts in India's Honey Exports: An Analysis of Global Market Dynamics From 2003 to 2022
Authors: Powrel Pronab Jyoti , Mishra Snehal
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the dynamics, competitiveness, specialization, and structural changes in India's honey exports from 2003 to 2022 utilizing trade data under HS code 04090000. This paper analyzes Indian honey export under different indices, including the revealed comparative advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA), comparative export performance (CEP), trade balance index (TBI), and Grubel–Lloyd index (GLI). A detailed analysis reveals significant export growth, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.72% over the past decade, driven primarily by the US market, which accounted for 80% of India's honey exports in 2022. However, high export instability was noted in the US market, while GCC and SAARC countries exhibited more stable demand. The research also assesses market loyalty using Markov chain analysis, highlighting the US as the most stable export destination. Structural changes in India's honey export markets were identified, with the Gulf countries and Africa emerging as key markets following the European Union's 2010 ban on Indian honey. Despite competitive pressure from major honey‐exporting nations like New Zealand and Argentina, India's strong comparative advantage and specialized export focus position it favorably in the global market. The paper tries to highlight the need for strategic diversification of export markets and expansion of honey production to sustain India's growth in the honey export sector.
Quantification of Vactosertib an Inhibitor of TGFBR1 by LC–MS/MS in Rat Plasma and Its Pharmacokinetic Profiling
Authors: Boggavarapu Rajesh Kumar , Chimakurthy Jithendra , Konidala Sathish Kumar
Published: December 2024

Vactosertib, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor β‐receptor type‐1 (TGFBR1) effective in preventing tumor cell proliferation, is approved for treating various cancers by FDA. The literature revealed that no LC–MS/MS method was reported for the quantification of vactosertib. To develop a validated LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of vactosertib in rat plasma, vactosertib and cabozantinib (internal standard [IS]) were detected using Waters LC–MS/MS system in MRM positive ionization mode, with a mixture of 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) on an Agilent XDB C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) column at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The method was validated in accordance with M10 bioanalytical method validation USFDA guidelines and applied for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters in rat plasma. The analytes were detected at m/z 400.23 → 289.19 and m/z 502.13 → 323.07 for vactosertib, and IS, respectively. The method demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.0 ng/mL, linearity ranging from 1.0 to 1000.0 ng/mL, an r2 of 0.999, accuracy ranged between 91.60% and 100.70%, and the drug was found to be stable across all freeze–thaw cycles. The results indicated that the method was selective, accurate, and validated for quantification of vactosertib in biological fluids and pharmacokinetic profiling of vactosertib.
Achieving Supply Chain Sustainable Development Within the Framework of Carbon Neutrality Scenario—A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Huang Rui , Luo Xizi
Published: December 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions in supply chains present significant challenges for achieving carbon neutrality because of their complexity and uncertainty. This study employs the Web of Science database for a quantitative analysis of the evolution, status, cooperation patterns, and future research on carbon neutrality in supply chains, using knowledge graphs, visualization, and cooperation network analysis. The study aims to contribute to carbon neutrality in supply chains for environmental and social benefits. The key findings are as follows: (1) Since 2020, there has been a sharp rise in publications, and attention to carbon neutrality in supply chains is expected to continue increasing. (2) China leads in publication volume and is a central contributor, though a “North–South gap” in collaboration persists between developed and developing countries. (3) Keyword co‐occurrence analysis indicates that research on challenges, technologies, and methods in this area is relatively advanced. (4) Burst analysis identifies “green logistics” and “electric vehicles” as critical future research areas. This study offers policy guidance to support decision‐making for achieving sustainable economic and environmental development in supply chains.
Immediate Percutaneous Treatment of Aortic Root Rupture During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Muntané‐Carol Guillem , Romaguera Rafael , Teruel Luis , Gómez‐Hospital Joan A.
Published: December 2024

This case shows the combination of two percutaneous techniques to treat an aortic root rupture during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The patient was discharged at home and no cardiovascular events occurred at 12 months of follow up.
Successful Treatment of Severe Tuberculosis With Contezolid Add‐On Regimen in a Patient Complicated With Acute Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Liuqing , Wang Yimin , Zhou Jixue
Published: December 2024

Polypharmacy in managing severe tuberculosis patients usually poses a risk of adverse drug reactions. Contezolid is a new oxazolidinone antibiotic showing good in vitro and in vivo activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Contezolid add‐on regimen shows promising efficacy and safety results in managing severe tuberculosis patients complicated with acute thrombocytopenia.
End Binding Proteins: Drivers of Cancer Progression
Authors: Sasankan Dhakshmi , Mohan Renu
Published: December 2024

Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, continues to be a major global health concern. Despite advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics, the aggressive nature of certain cancers remain a significant challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms driving their severity and progression. Cancer severity and progression depend on cellular properties such as cell migration, cell division, cell shape changes, and intracellular transport, all of which are driven by dynamic cellular microtubules. Dynamic properties of microtubules, in turn, are regulated by an array of proteins that influence their stability and growth. Among these regulators, End Binding (EB) proteins stand out as critical orchestrators of microtubule dynamics at their growing plus ends. Beyond their fundamental role in normal cellular functions, recent research has uncovered compelling evidence linking EB proteins to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer progression. As the field of cancer research advances, the clinical implication of EB proteins role in cancer severity and aggressiveness become increasingly evident. This review aims to comprehensively explore the role of microtubule‐associated EB proteins in influencing the severity and aggressiveness of cancer. We also discuss the potential significance of EB as a clinical biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Prenatal Origins of Obstructive Airway Disease: Starting on the Wrong Trajectory?
Authors: Wang Kimberley C.W. , James Alan L. , Donovan Graham M. , Noble Peter B.
Published: December 2024

From the results of well‐performed population health studies, we now have excellent data demonstrating that deficits in adult lung function may be present early in life, possibly as a result of developmental disorders, incurring a lifelong risk of obstructive airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Suboptimal fetal development results in intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight at term (an outcome distinct from preterm complications), which are associated with subsequent obstructive disease. Numerous prenatal exposures and disorders compromise fetal development and these are summarized herein. Various physiological, structural, and mechanical abnormalities may result from prenatal disruption, including changes to airway smooth muscle structure–function, goblet cell biology, airway stiffness, geometry of the bronchial tree, lung parenchymal structure and mechanics, respiratory skeletal muscle contraction, and pulmonary inflammation. The literature therefore supports the need for early life intervention to prevent or correct growth defects, which may include simple nutritional or antioxidant therapy. © 2024 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
14:5729‐5762, 2024.
Characterization of cool‐ and warm‐season turfgrass host suitability to annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis, Kirby)
Authors: Simard Audrey , McGraw Benjamin A.
Published: December 2024

The annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is considered the most destructive insect pest of short‐mown turfgrasses in northeastern North America. Poa annua L. is the preferred host plant, though the weevil can develop in other cool‐season (C3) turfgrasses such as bentgrasses (Agrostis spp. L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Recently, damaging populations have been reported in midwestern and southeastern United States, where cool‐ and warm‐season (C4) turfgrasses are grown. However, it is unknown whether L. maculicollis can establish and develop within common warm‐season turfgrasses such as zoysiagrasses (Zoysia matrella L.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon Pers. × transvaalensis Davy). Larvae reared on Agrostis stolonifera ‘Penncross’, an older cultivar, experienced a significant reduction in survivorship and longer development periods compared to a newer cultivar (Penn‐A4) and P. annua. Agrostis stolonifera ‘Penncross’ possessed significantly greater quantities of carotenoids and flavonoid content, which may explain differences in host suitability among C3 turfgrasses. No larvae were recovered from C4 hosts in no‐choice ovipositional assays, suggesting Z. matrella and C. dactylon × transvaalensis are nonviable hosts of L. maculicollis. Further investigation into the morphological and physiological defense mechanisms in Z. matrella and C. dactylon × transvaalensis may broaden our understanding of tolerance mechanisms not observed in C3 cool‐season turfgrasses and provide guidance for future breeding efforts.
Seventeen states sue HHS seeking to invalidate new Section 504 regulations
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: December 2024

Seventeen states have filed a lawsuit in the Eastern District of Texas against the secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and HHS asking the court to strike down the new HHS 504 regulations and to declare that Congress did not have the authority to enact Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities and postsecondary educational institutions will need to monitor this lawsuit for its impact on Section 504 as a whole and any changes to U.S. Department of Education Section 504 regulations.
Comparative Analysis of Mitogenomes in Leafhopper Tribe Deltocephalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae): Structural Conservatism and Phylogeny
Authors: Xie Bingqing , Zhang Xinyi , Zhang Yongxia , Dietrich Christopher H. , Duan Yani
Published: December 2024

Previous studies on the gene order and composition of leafhopper mitochondrial genomes have revealed a high level of conservation in overall genome structure. Some members of Deltocephalinae, the largest subfamily, exhibit tRNA gene rearrangements; however, few mitogenomes have been sequenced in this group and the degree of structural variation within tribes remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of 14 species belonging to four genera of tribe Deltocephalini from China and compared them with the two previously reported mitogenomes for this tribe. The studied mitogenomes showed a high degree of similarity to most other leafhopper mitogenomes in overall structure, mostly varying in the total length (14,961–15,416 bp) and number of non‐coding A + T‐rich regions. Gene size, order, arrangement, base composition, codon usage, and secondary structure of tRNAs in the newly sequenced mitogenomes were highly conserved in Deltocephalini, and variations in start/stop codon usage and tRNA secondary structure mostly matched those of other leafhoppers. Phylogenetic analysis of different combinations of protein‐coding and ribosomal genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference under different models using either amino acid or nucleotide sequences were generally consistent and agreed with the previous nuclear and partial mitochondrial gene sequence data, indicating that complete mitochondrial genomes are phylogenetically informative at different levels of divergence within Deltocephalini and among different leafhoppers species. In addition to Deltocephalini, Deltocephalinae included members of Athysanini and Opsiini formed monophyletic groups. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses consistently grouped Graminella nigrinota with Paralimnini, rendering Deltocephalini polyphyletic. The topology consistently divided Deltocephalini into two major branches, with Alobaldia tobae and Polyamia penistenuis forming a well‐supported sister group to the remaining species of the tribe.
Observational study for multiparametric assessment of cardiac congestion in outpatient worsening heart failure (EVOLUTION)
Authors: Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Janiak Philip , Edwards Christopher , Novosadova Maria , Takagi Koji , Ozoux Marie‐Laure , Lawson Francesca , Hayrapetyan Hamlet , Sisakian Hamayak , Ter‐Grigoryan Victor R. , Peoc'h Katell , Raynor Alexandre , Bruzeau Paul , Nguyen Alexis , Mebazaa Alexandre
Published: December 2024

Aims

We sought to characterize the clinical course of patients following worsening heart failure (WHF) treated in an outpatient setting and to identify factors associated with a poor response to standard of care with loop diuretics.

Methods and results

Between September 2022 and March 2023, 44 eligible patients (mean age 66.3 years, 84% male) with ejection fraction <50% and with WHF symptoms in the preceding week treated in an outpatient setting were enrolled. Patients were assessed weekly over 4 weeks following the WHF episode. At week 4, responses to fluid expansion and furosemide administration were assessed in 39 patients to unmask persistent subclinical congestion. Patients were on stable doses of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) with a mean daily furosemide dose of 47.4 mg. Patient‐reported and physician‐assessed symptoms and quality of life improved over the 4 weeks. At 1 h following 1 L Ringer solution infused over 2 h, the median (interquartile range) urine volume and urine sodium excreted over 3 h were 300 (200.0–500.0) ml and 39.6 (12.4–63.0) mEq, respectively. Receiver‐operating characteristic curves suggest that cystatin C >1.2 ng/ml, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) >1500 pg/ml, and high‐sensitivity troponin T >20 pg/ml represent good predictors of non‐response to a fluid challenge (diuresis, natriuresis, and rales) following an outpatient WHF, with having all three markers associated with the worst response.

Conclusion

Patients with high levels of troponin, or NT‐proBNP, or cystatin C who develop WHF despite being treated with a loop diuretic, need novel therapies for WHF.
Professional Digital Counselling for Eating Disorders in Germany: Results of the DigiBEssst Project Survey on the Perspectives and Experiences of Health Professionals, Individuals With Eating Disorders, and Carers
Authors: Hofer Anna , Borse Sigrid , Hasenöhrl Cäcilia , Harrach Kathrin , Ehrlich Stefan , Schnebel Andreas , Wunderer Eva
Published: December 2024

Objective

The research project DigiBEssst examines existing digital counselling services for individuals with eating disorders (ED) and carers in Germany. It highlights their experiences with digital counselling as well as those of the expert counsellors involved, aiming to derive quality criteria for digital counselling in ED.

Method

A mixed‐methods design was adopted. Analysing the websites of 181 professional counselling centers, the research team identified 86 counselling centers for ED that offered online counselling. Initially, 29 centres participated in an online survey. Subsequently, in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with professionals (n = 15), individuals with ED (n = 13), and carers (n = 10). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structured content analysis.

Results

Less than half of the German counselling facilities offered online counselling. The participants emphasised the need for a specific concept, counsellors' profound expertise in ED and online counselling, sustainable funding, sufficient personnel and time resources, and secure platforms to ensure data protection and quality management. Access to professional services requires informative, user‐friendly websites, and social media presence.

Conclusions

The identified prerequisites and quality criteria for professional online counselling developed in this project can provide recommendations for the conceptualisation of digital counselling services.
Spray‐Dried Wheat Gluten Protein Hydrolysate Microcapsules: Physicochemical Properties, Retention of Antioxidant Capability, and Release Behavior Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Conditions
Authors: GanjiVtan Benyamin , Hosseini Ghaboos Seyyed Hossein , Sadeghi Mahoonak Alireza , Shahi Taher , Farzin Neda
Published: December 2024

Wheat gluten is a by‐product of the wheat starch industry, rich in bioactive peptides. Spray drying is an effective method for improving the stability of bioactive compounds. So, the aim of this study was to produce gluten hydrolysate by different proteases (alcalase, pancreatin, and trypsin) at different times (40–200 min). The hydrolysate with the strongest antioxidant potential (produced by pancreatin after 200 min of hydrolysis) was encapsulated by spray drying. The effect of wall material's type (maltodextrin, potato starch, and their combination at different ratios) on the encapsulation efficiency, physicochemical properties (moisture content, solubility, water activity, tapped and bulk density, and hygroscopicity), release behavior under simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions, and morphology of microcapsules were evaluated. The microcapsules produced by maltodextrin and potato starch at a 30:70 ratio possessed the highest water activity (0.36), encapsulation efficiency (85.79%), and moisture content (8.2%). An increase in maltodextrin concentration increased the solubility, bulk, and tapped density. SEM images showed that microparticles were spherical with wrinkled surfaces. The microcapsules showed higher stability than free gluten hydrolysate. The combination of maltodextrin and potato starch at a 30:70 ratio could control the release of gluten hydrolysate under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. As a result, the use of maltodextrin and potato starch carriers at a 30:70 ratio in spray drying could effectively protect the bioactive properties of gluten hydrolysate and control its release.
Edible Coating Based on Alginate Nanoparticles Containing Menthol and Zataria multiflora Essential Oil: Effect on the Shelf Life of Chicken Thigh in the Refrigerator
Authors: Ranjbar Ali , Osanloo Mahmoud , Safari Mojdeh , Eskandari Zahra , Safari Ehsan , Nematollahi Amene
Published: December 2024

Chicken thigh is a popular and widely consumed meat product. However, its high moisture content and susceptibility to microbial spoilage limit its shelf life. To address this issue, we investigated the efficacy of an edible coating based on alginate nanoparticles (AlgNPs) containing menthol, Zataria multiflora essential oil (EO), or their combination for extending the shelf life of chicken thigh. The nanoparticles were prepared through ionic gelation methods; their particle size was obtained as 87–205 nm with PDI values of < 0.3 and SPAN values of < 1. The AlgNPs containing both menthol and the EO showed the most potent antimicrobial activity (the lowest counts of pseudomonas, aerobic mesophilic, and yeast‐mold), during cold storage. This coating treatment showed also the highest antioxidant activities, with the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), pH and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) values. Moreover, this coating significantly (p < 0.05) showed the highest sensory quality of chicken thighs, as evidenced by the higher sensory scores for texture, odor, color, and overall acceptability. Therefore, the edible coating based on AlgNPs containing menthol and Z. multiflora EO is an effective and promising approach for extending the shelf life of chicken thighs.
Extreme Temperature Events in Kazakhstan and Their Impacts on Public Health and Energy Demand
Authors: Broomandi Parya , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Bagheri Mehdi , Hadei Mostafa , Galán‐Madruga David , Fard Ali Mozhdehi , Roshani Adib , Fathian Aram , Nourian Amir , Leuchner Michael , Reicherter Klaus , Hamidi Mehdi , Kumar Prashant , Kim Jong Ryeol
Published: December 2024

Extreme temperature events such as heatwaves are becoming increasingly severe and frequent because of climate change, posing significant challenges to public health and energy infrastructure. This study explores the impacts of extreme temperature events leading to heat‐/cold waves on public health and energy consumption in Kazakhstan from 1959 to 2021. The most striking trends in heatwave‐related indices emerge in the western and southwestern regions. Conversely, despite heightened coldwave intensity, a decline is noted in their frequency and number. The impact of heatwaves on various health conditions, notably consistent and statistically significant rises in all‐cause and cardiovascular mortalities, is observed. Shifts in energy demand are also unveiled with a noticeable spike in cooling‐degree days and a reduction in heating‐degree days. The mean total energy consumption stood at 552 kWh across the country with an average annual energy generation of ≈8.76 kWh. To gauge the environmental implications, the mean CO2 emissions are estimated at 464 kg per kWh for both heating and cooling purposes. With climate change set to escalate heatwaves, the need for comprehensive health planning is underscored to mitigate their adverse health impacts. Furthermore, transitioning from fossil fuels to green energy sources is crucial to reduce the environmental footprint.
Dental Health Services Victoria health promotion messages for oral health: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Pham Shelley , Evans Kelli , Patel Kishita , Gallagher Fiona , Nguyen Tan Minh
Published: December 2024

Issue Addressed

The 2022 Oral health messages for Australia were reviewed, revised and published in 2023. This study adapted these messages from a value‐based communication perspective to support Dental Health Services Victoria population health programs and resources.

Methods

A modified Delphi RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was adopted. An expert panel was convened, which included public oral health professionals and health promotion practitioners at Dental Health Services Victoria. The 2022 Oral health messages for Australia were reviewed and adapted to ensure consistency and relevance to consumers and health professionals. Once there was general agreement by the expert panel on the Dental Health Services Victoria health promotion messages for oral health, a follow‐up anonymous survey was sent to the expert panel to rate their level of agreement. Additionally, the messages were evaluated for ease of readability with an anonymous survey of consumers.

Results

A total of 23 participants were invited on the expert panel, of which 16 agreed to participate. Considerations were made to reflect a broad perspective across disciplines in public oral health professionals encompassing expertise in policy, advocacy and health promotion. Broadly, there was agreement to adapt all of the 2022 Oral health messages for Australia. The level of agreement by the expert panel ranged from 73% to 100%. Amongst 13 consumer respondents to the survey, the level of agreement ranged from 62% to 100%.

Conclusion

There was sufficient rationale to adapt the 2022 Oral health messages for Australia for the Victorian context by using a value‐based messaging approach.

So What?

This study demonstrated that adaption was necessary to the 2022 Oral health messages for Australia, potentially leading to more impactful health promotion messages for oral health in Victoria.
Impact of Sex on Outcomes With Femoral Artery Closure Devices Versus Manual Compression in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Anderson Wesley L. , Torabi Asad J. , O'leary Brian A. , Breall Jeffrey A. , Sinha Anjan K. , Jaradat Ziad A. , Morris Michelle C. , Frick Kyle A. , Romeh Ibrahim A. , Iqtidar Ali F. , von der Lohe Elisabeth , Kreutz Rolf P.
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Femoral artery access is widely used despite recent increase in radial access for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Femoral artery closure devices are used to shorten vascular closure time and reduce bleeding. We sought to examine sex‐based outcomes of femoral artery vascular closure devices (VCD) in patients undergoing PCI.

Methods

We identified patients who had undergone PCI (n = 11,415) in the Indiana University Health Multicenter Cardiac Cath registry using femoral artery access. Clinical outcomes were compared between VCD and manual compression and analyzed according to sex. Patients with cardiogenic shock and left ventricular support devices were excluded.

Results

The use of any vascular closure device as compared to femoral artery manual compression was associated with a reduction in 72‐h bleeding events (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–0.87). With manual compression, women had higher rates of 72‐h bleeding as compared to men (4.5% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001). Women demonstrated greater absolute risk reduction in 72‐h bleeding events with use of VCD as compared to men (2.8% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001). For women, VCD were associated with lower risk of access site bleeding (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.8), hematoma (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.2–0.63), and vascular complications (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09–0.72). Use of VCD was associated with lower risk of in‐hospital death (adjusted OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.28–0.58; p < 0.001) in multivariable regression analysis.

Conclusion

Women derive more benefit from use of femoral artery VCD during PCI than men with greater reduction in bleeding rates, access site hematoma, and vascular complications.
Assessment of Breast Self‐Examination Knowledge, Attitude and Practice and Associated Factors Among Female Preparatory Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Woldeselassie Fikirte , Jote Setusega , Tewelde Bisrat , Redae Gebru Hailu
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

Breast cancer is becoming a major public health concern globally, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess factors related to knowledge, attitude regarding breast cancer, and breast self‐examination (BSE) practices among female preparatory students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 844 participants using a pretested self‐administered questionnaire in 2021 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. A level of significance was declared based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval and p ≤ 0.05.

Results

Of the participants, 41.6% demonstrated good knowledge, and 47% have positive attitudes regarding breast cancer and BSE. Only, 21.9% practiced BSE regularly. Low family income (AOR = 1.791; 95% CI, 1.140–2.813) and lack of BSE awareness (AOR = 2.051; 95% CI, 1.511–2.784) were found to be associated with poor knowledge. Negative attitude was found to be significantly related to Poor knowledge (AOR = 0.713; 95% CI, 0.522–0.973) and lack of BSE awareness (AOR = 0.413; 95% CI, 0.300–0.568).

Conclusion

More than half of the participants had inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes toward breast cancer and BSE, with poor BSE practice. School‐based health education programs are needed to improve the participants' knowledge and attitudes.