bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interhemispheric Integration of Compound Nouns: Effects of Stimulus Arrangement and Mode of Presentation
Authors: Berger Jean-Marc , Perret Etienne , Zimmermann Annemarie
Published: September 2011

Normal subjects had to name German compound nouns which were presented tachistoscopically. The compound nouns were displayed either unilaterally to the left or right visual field or bilaterally with one element to each visual field. In the bilateral condition a distinction was made as to whether familiar or unfamiliar arrangement of the elements was used. Representation in print was compared with pictorial representation of the compound nouns. A right visual-field superiority was observed with printed representation, but no laterality effects with pictorial representation. Bilateral processing was superior to unilateral processing. Within the bilateral conditions, the familiar arrangement of the elements yielded a significantly better performance than unfamiliar arrangement. This difference can be explained by reading habits and/or by different styles of interhemispheric integration.
Influence of Various Tridimensional Cues on Solving a Tetrahedron Problem
Authors: Tsai Loh Seng
Published: September 2011

47 college students were individually asked to form four equilateral triangles of the same size with 6 pencils, 3 of which already formed a triangle on the table. A cardboard pyramid served as a visual cue to one group, a cube to another, and no cues to a control group. The pyramid group solved the problem most quickly, and the cube group faster than the controls. Five students from the cube group and six from the control group did not solve in 30 minutes. When they were then shown the cardboard pyramid cue, all solved the problem. However, this time the original controls solved significantly faster than the original cube group, possibly because negative transfer arose from use of the cardboard cube which suggested three dimensions but led to inhibitory potential that generalized to the cardboard pyramid.
Joint Factor Analysis of the K-ABC and Mc Carthy Scales
Authors: Moon Soo-Back , Ishikuma Toshinori , Kaufman Alan S.
Published: September 2011

A joint-factor analysis was conducted using three major scales of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and eight Kaufman-ABC subtests as variables. Subjects were 90 children ages 4 to 8 1/2 yr. The scree test produced three significant factors, each interpretable from the Kaufman-ABC model. McCarthy Verbal scale was closely associated with the Achievement/Verbal factor; McCarthy Perceptual performance scale loaded highly on the Simultaneous Processing dimension; and McCarthy Quantitative was associated with all three factors. These results provide useful guidelines for interpreting a child's performance on each Index of the McCarthy scales in terms of the mental processing approach used to solve the task. However, the psychometric results must be coordinated with the examiner's clinical observations of the child's problem-solving strategies during administration of the McCarthy scales to understand more completely the processing demands of the Verbal, Perceptual performance, and Quantitative Scales.
A High-Load Information-Processing Task for Stress Research
Authors: Dornic Stan , Dornic Viera
Published: September 2011

A description is given of a demanding attentional task that requires alternation between naming of colors and transformation of numbers. The task poses high demands on processing capacity and is sensitive to factors that reduce it (such as stress or fatigue). It is short and easy to administer.
The Valence of Dreams Reported by Type A-B College Students
Authors: Hicks Robert A. , Chancellor Cheryl , Clark Tim
Published: September 2011

The valences of the dreams reported by Type A ( n = 39) and Type B ( n = 42) undergraduates were examined. Consistent with the view that in part the manifest content of the dream may reflect attempts to manage stress, the Type A students were significantly more likely than the Type B students, to report disturbing dreams.
Differential Effects of Various Types of Presentation on a Block-Building Test
Authors: Gómez-Benito Juana , Forns-Santacana María
Published: September 2011

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of different forms of application of a block-building test. Four different testing procedures varied in the size of the stimulus, the real or figurative presentation of the stimulus, and the possibility of observing strategies of resolution of the items. The Borelli-Oléron block-building subtest was given to 64 subjects assigned randomly to the procedures. The results showed that, when the model was constructed first in the presence of the child, he found the task to be much easier.
Control of Rapidly Executed Forces to a Target
Authors: Siegel Donald
Published: September 2011

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether initial measures of impulse (i.e., area under the force-time curve) could be used to predict peak force (PF) in hand grip responses of 5- and 10-kg amplitude executed as rapidly as possible. 12 subjects performed 75 practice and 25 test contractions in each condition, with and without visual feedback. The time to peak (PT) for the 5-kg responses was 41 msec., while the 10-kg condition averaged 56 msec. Analyses demonstrated no effect for visual feedback. Correlational analyses of cumulative impulse sections from 5 msec., to PF within conditions showed that early measures of force within a response were not very good predictors of final force amplitude. Indeed, for both conditions upwards of 85% of a reponse needed to have occurred before 50% of PF variance could be predicted. Analyses across conditions demonstrated that 50% of PF variance could be predicted between 15 and 20 msec. PT was also an important predictor variable. By using PT along with cumulative impulse 50% of the variance in PF could be predicted prior to 10 msec., at 5 kg (25% of PT) and at about 15 msec., for 10 kg (27% of PT). Across conditions, 85% of the variance in PF was predictable by 5 msec. Such results suggest that either more refined response indices are needed in predicting response outcome or that even for very rapid responses some lower level “tuning” probably occurs after initiation.
Evaluation and Perceived Recall of Personality Theories by Undergraduate Students
Authors: Mellor Steven
Published: September 2011

Undergraduates from sections of a course on personality evaluated theories using positive and negative categories and indicated how well they recalled each theory. Analysis supported the hypothesis that there is significant agreement among students with respect to which theories are evaluated positively and negatively. However, only partial support was found for the hypothesis that positively evaluated theories are associated with high perceived recall, and no support was found for the hypothesis that negatively evaluated theories are related to low perceived recall.
Change in the Modulus of Judgmental Scale: An Inadequate Explanation for the Repetition Effect in Judgments of Grammaticality
Authors: Nagata Hiroshi
Published: September 2011

Nagata reported that repeated presentation of sentences made the judgment criterion more stringent in judgments of grammaticality of the sentences. This study examined whether the shift in judgments could be explained by change in the modulus of the scale of judgments, i.e., the change produced when the same rating scale was applied for the two successive judgments. 12 students were asked to rate the grammaticality of sentences twice, without the sentences being presented repeatedly. No shift in judgment criterion was found between the two ratings. This finding suggests the repeated presentation of sentences rather than the change in scale modulus produced the observed shift in judgments in the previous study.
Temporal Pattern of Agonist-Antagonist EMG Activity during Rapid Limb Movements in Man
Authors: Williams Jay H. , Barnes William S.
Published: September 2011

Analysis of elbow-extension movements, executed at maximal velocity, show positive correlations of timing of agonist-antagonist EMG activity with both movement velocity and displacement. Results indirectly support the notion that the antagonist musculature provides a braking force to arrest rapid limb movements.
Development of an Automated Performance Test System for Environmental and Behavioral Toxicology Studies
Authors: Kennedy R. S. , Wilkes R. L. , Dunlap W. P. , Kuntz L. A.
Published: September 2011

In developing a menu of computerized performance tests for repeated-measures applications the metric properties of selected tests have been examined. Factors of chief concern have been stability and reliability, as well as the practical issue of the length of time it takes to achieve high levels of both. In this study, these factors, as well as predictive validity, are examined. 25 subjects were tested repeatedly (10 sessions) with 11 tests previously identified as “good” candidates for repeated-measures research in paper-and-pencil (marker test) versions. The 11 tests were administered concurrently in their traditional paper-and-pencil modes and newly implemented microcomputer-based versions, along with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Nine of the 11 microcomputer-based tests achieved stability. Reliabilities were generally high, with r ≥ .77 for 3 min. of testing. Cross-correlations of microbased tests with traditional paper-and-pencil versions suggest equivalency between the test constructs in the different media. Correlations between six of the microbased subtests and the WAIS identified common variance, and these might comprise an efficient short (6 min.) battery of tests.
Effects of a Combination of Stances and Points of Aim on Putting Accuracy
Authors: Gott Erich , Mc Gown Carl
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two putting stances (conventional versus side-saddle) and two points of aim (ball versus hole) on putting accuracy. Subjects (12 men, 4 women) were taught to putt using four methods: (a) conventional stance, eyes on the ball; (b) conventional stance, eyes on the hole; (c) side-saddle stance, eyes on the ball; and (d) side-saddle stance, eyes on the hole. Each subject practiced each method for 2 wk., after which they were tested for purring accuracy by counting putts made, determining constant error, and by calculating variable error. Accuracy was assessed at 5 and 15 ft. A 2 by 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that there was no single combination of stance and point of aim that was significantly better than another at either distance. This suggests that, contrary to popular opinion, the traditional method of putting is not the best method for putting; other methods are equally as good and could be used if individually desired.
Motor Performance in Hyperactive Children Treated with Imipramine
Authors: Gualtieri C. Thomas , Evans Randall W.
Published: September 2011

The effects of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine were evaluated in a study of 9 children with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. The study was double-blind, placebo-controlled, with three drug conditions, low, medium, and high doses. The focus was on neuropsychological drug effects. Imipramine exerted negative dose-response effects on motor performance (motor speed, motor pursuit), while it improved hyperactive behavior and attention and raised the heart rate slightly.
Intentional and Incidental Visual Memory as a Function of Cognitive Level and Color of the Stimulus
Authors: Holowinsky Ivan Z. , Farrelly James
Published: September 2011

Performance of two groups of youngsters, educable mentally retarded (CA 15-5; MA 11-4; IQ 74.3) and those of average ability (CA 10-5; MA 11-3; IQ 109.1) was compared for intentional and incidental visual memory as a function of cognitive level and color of the stimulus. Nonretarded subjects performed significantly better than the retarded ones of equal MA. Both groups performed better with a color than black-white card, and both groups did better on the tasks involving intentional rather than incidental memory.
Vocal Reaction Times to Tachistoscopically Presented High- and Low-Frequency Verbs: Some Evidence for Selective Minor Hemisphere Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Rastatter Michael P. , Loren Catherine
Published: September 2011

The current study investigated the capacity of the right hemisphere to process verbs using a paradigm proven reliable for predicting differential, minor hemisphere lexical analysis in the normal, intact brain. Vocal reaction times of normal subjects were measured to unilaterally presented verbs of high and of low frequency. A significant interaction was noted between the stimulus items and visual fields. Post hoc tests showed that vocal reaction times to verbs of high frequency were significantly faster following right visual-field presentations (right hemisphere). No significant differences in vocal reaction time occurred between the two visual fields for the verbs of low frequency. Also, significant differences were observed between the two types of verbs following left visual-field presentation but not the right. These results were interpreted to suggest that right-hemispheric analysis was restricted to the verbs of high frequency in the presence of a dominant left hemisphere.
Factor Structure of the My Education Scale
Authors: White William F. , Cass Michael
Published: September 2011

Principal components factor analysis of responses of 442 students in Grades 6 and 7 yielded no clear evidence for a “home environment index” on the My Education scale, a 50-item multiple-choice questionnaire. To be a useful measure of motivation this scale needs further psychometric development.
The Misuse of Imagery Questionnaires
Authors: Marks David F.
Published: September 2011

Imagery questionnaires have been misused in recent research conducted by Chara and Verplanck in 1986 and Chara and Hamm in 1988. The Chara and Verplanck study used unvalidated performance and questionnaire measures of unknown reliability. The Chara and Hamm study lacks even the minimal requirements of a controlled experiment by failing to control for order effects, experimenter effects, and demand characteristics. It is easy to observe nonsignificant effects or to bias results in particular directions by using poorly designed questionnaires and experiments, but nothing of significance can be concluded.
Effect of Educational Kinesiology on Static Balance of Learning Disabled Students
Authors: Khalsa Guruchiter Kaur , Morris G. S. Don , Sifft Josie M.
Published: September 2011

Educational Kinesiology is a movement-based program designed to enhance academic performance and may also influence performance of motor skills. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Educational Kinesiology techniques of repatterning and/or integration movements affected static balance of 60 learning disabled students, ranging in age from 7 to 11 yr. Subjects were matched on age and sex and assigned to one of three groups: control, movement, or repatterned. Children in the repatterned group received a 10-min. individual session of combined arm and leg movements coordinated with eye-placements prior to the start of the 6-wk. program. Both treatment groups then participated in a movement program for 5 min. twice a day, 5 days a week for 6 wk. The control group received no exposure to these special techniques. Static balance was pretested and posttested in each group using the Modified Stork Stand test. A one-way analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between groups. A Scheffé post hoc test showed that the repatterned group improved more than the movement group, who in turn improved more than the control group.
Can Caffeine Antagonize Alcohol-Induced Performance Decrements in Humans?
Authors: Fudin Robert , Nicastro Richard
Published: September 2011

Design aspects and results of experiments that investigated the effects of caffeine on alcohol-induced performance decrements in humans are discussed. Simple conclusions concerning those outcomes are unwarranted because they seem to depend on the tasks used and the dosages of both drugs, with both antagonism and potentiation of alcohol-induced effects having been reported. Results indicate that legally intoxicated individuals cannot antagonize alcohol-induced, driving-related decrements with caffeine prior to driving an automobile, thought to be the major behavior for which caffeine is used in attempts to antagonize alcohol-induced decrements. We offer suggestions for research concerning subjects' habitual use or nonuse of caffeine and typical alcohol consumption levels, the interval between alcohol and caffeine ingestion, and the effects of caffeine and alcohol alone on performance tasks. We also suggest that statistical analyses should allow for a differentiation of results in which caffeine partially offsets an alcohol-induced decrement from more positive results in which caffeine returns functioning to its normal level.
Reconsideration of Measurement of Error in Human Motor Learning
Authors: Crabtree Darryl A. , Antrim Laura R.
Published: September 2011

Human motor learning is often measured by error scores. The convention of using mean absolute error, mean constant error, and variable error shows lack of desirable parsimony and interpretability. This paper provides the background of error measurement and states criticisms of conventional methodology. A parsimonious model of error analysis is provided, along with operationalized interpretations and implications for motor learning. Teaching, interpreting, and using error scores in research may be simplified and facilitated with the model.
Eye Contact and Grade Distribution
Authors: Rennels Max R. , Chaudhari Ramesh B.
Published: September 2011

While teaching a large lecture course of art appreciation, I investigated whether grades vary by section to section in the auditorium. The auditorium was divided into nine sections containing 20 students per section. Students were seated by alphabetized lists, by Social Security numbers, or by selecting seats they wished to sit in for the duration of that semester. Two tests were given to each class, one on required reading and one on the slide/lectures. Regardless of the method of seating, students in the middle and the front sections achieved scores considerably higher than those in the rear sections. Although the class who chose where they wanted to sit was factored out (because brighter students might choose to sit in front or middle rows), those classes assigned to seats by alphabetized lists and Social Security numbers gave the same results. The only apparent difference between the sections in the auditorium was instructor/students' eye contact, so apparently the students gained a sense of personalization through eye contact with the instructor.
Pattern of Psychological Fitness as Related to Pattern of Physical Fitness among Older Adults
Authors: Netz Yael , Tenenbaum Gershon , Sagiv Michael
Published: September 2011

The purpose of the present study was to investigate psychological fitness as well as physical fitness among late middle-aged normal men and women before, during, and after a 12-wk. physical activity program. Heart-rate of each subject was measured on a graded treadmill four times, and four psychological measures were taken: self-esteem, body-image, trait-anxiety, and well-being. Improvement of fitness was gradual and significant for both sexes, whereas no effects of time or sex were found on the first three psychological measures. Significant differences in pattern of change between women and men on well-being confirm previous findings that women report more depression and less satisfaction than men and thus are more sensitive to change.
Effect of Interpolated Temporal Activity on Temporal Short-Term Memory
Authors: Guay Michel , Salmoni Alan W.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this research was to determine the retroactive interference effects of a single interpolated task (i.e., one temporal duration) on the retention of a criterion duration. This research is of interest because the mnemonic structure of temporal information of different durations is uncertain. Previous research has indicated that there might be a difference in structure for durations of 1 and 4 sec., although the results are inconsistent. Thus, two criterion durations of 1 and 4 sec. and five interpolated durations (i.e., 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140% of the duration of the criterion) were utilized under the method of reproduction. In addition, subjects were instructed to use either a counting strategy or none (referred to as conscious time estimation) to facilitate the retention of the temporal information. Recall was less variable when using a counting strategy than not and when estimating 1 sec. than 4 sec. However, there was no effect of interpolated activity when comparing performance across different interpolated conditions (no interpolated activity). Apparently, one interpolated duration is not sufficient to produce structural interference with a single criterion duration.
Facial Electromyogram and Heart-Rate Correlates of a Paradoxical Attitude Change to Antinuclear War Information
Authors: Vigne Jonathon J. , Dale J. Alexander , Klions Herbert L.
Published: September 2011

The effects of film images versus film descriptions of the effects of nuclear explosions (versus a no-film control) on corrugator muscle tension, heart rate, attitude and mood were investigated. The last 5 min. of the images were associated with more corrugator tension for that condition when compared to the last 5 min. of the description condition. The groups did not differ in heart rate but women in both groups showed an increase in heart rate whereas men in both groups showed a decrease in heart rate. Film groups did not differ in their significant increases in anxiety, hostility, and depression on the Multiple Adjective Affect Checklist. On the pretest there was no significant correlation between scores on Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery and scores on Goldenring and Doctor's index of concern for nuclear war. The vivid-image film group showed a decrease in concern for nuclear war when compared to the descriptive film group and the no-film control.
Psychometric Properties of the Coach's Version of Leadership Scale for Sports
Authors: Dwyer John J. M. , Fischer Donald G.
Published: September 2011

Data from 38 wrestling coaches were used to examine the psychometric properties of Chelladurai and Saleh's Leadership Scale for Sports. Internal consistencies for three of the five subscales (training and instruction, democratic behavior, and positive feedback) were quite acceptable; for one subscale (social support) it was marginal; and for one subscale (autocratic behavior) it was unacceptably low. Further research examining test-retest reliability, factorial validity, and the relationship between the scale and social desirability is recommended.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: LIII. Epidemiological Considerations for Incidence of Cancer and Depression in Areas of Frequent UFO Reports
Authors: Persinger Michael A.
Published: September 2011

Luminous phenomena and anomalous physical forces have been hypothesized to be generated by focal tectonic strain fields that precede earthquakes. If these geophysical processes exist, then their spatial and temporal density should be greatest during periods of protracted, localized UFO reports; they might be used as dosimetric indicators. Contemporary epidemiological data concerning the health risks of power frequency electromagnetic fields and radon gas levels (expected correlates of certain tectonic strain fields), suggest that increased incidence (odds ratios greater 1:3) of brain tumors and leukemia should be evident within “flap” areas. In addition the frequency of variants of temporal lobe lability, psychological depression and posttraumatic stress should be significantly elevated. UFO field investigators, because they have repeated, intermittent close proximity to these fields, are considered to be a particularly high risk population for these disorders.
Effect of Reaction Time Condition on EMG Activities of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Elbow Flexion and Forearm Supination
Authors: Mojica Jose Alvin P. , Nakamura Ryuichi , Yamada Yoshiaki , Tsuji Ichiro
Published: September 2011

Under simple- and choice-RT conditions, the biceps brachii muscle was examined in 8 healthy male subjects to determine how the temporal and spatial characteristics of elbow flexion and forearm supination differed at the initial phase of EMG activity and whether preparation or the presence of response uncertainty influenced the EMG outputs of the two movements. In the simple-RT condition, RT of supination was significantly faster than that of flexion but EMG activity of supination was less than that of flexion. In contrast, in the choice-RT condition, RT of flexion was significantly faster than that of supination but EMG activity of flexion was significantly reduced compared to supination. These findings indicate that advanced preparation or motor set facilitates the differentiation of RTs and EMG activities of the response movements and that response uncertainty causes a significant change in the temporal and spatial specificity of both elbow flexion and forearm supination.
Cognitive Differentiation, Back Pain, and Psychogenic Pain Drawings
Authors: Líndal Eiríkur , Udén Alf
Published: September 2011

Two groups of subjects with back pain were studied ( n = 67). All subjects underwent a battery of psychological tests which included a test of psychological differentiation (the Rod-and-Frame Test), a test of psychological defenses (Meta-contrast Technique), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. In addition, the subjects drew a pain picture and answered a questionnaire on pain-related issues. Each group of subjects was then subdivided into 4 groups depending on the judged abnormality of their pain drawings. The two main groups were compared overall and the subgroups of the two back-pain groups compared with each other. The Meta-contrast Technique results show that depression was quite common among back-pain subjects as a whole compared to a painless group of subjects. Differences were found on field-dependence; subjects with abnormal pain drawings were more field-dependent than those with “normal” pain drawings. Few other between-group statistical differences were noted between the two back-pain groups. Expected scores on hysteria were not noted among the abnormal drawing makers, neither were there differences between the groups on the items of pain duration, physical functionings, or of depression.
Effects of Walking on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Four Asthmatic Children
Authors: Karper William B.
Published: September 2011

The effect of walking on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of four asthmatic children is reported. Subjects 1 and 2 exercised three days per week and Subjects 3 and 4 exercised two days per week during this 9-mo. study. Subjects 1 and 3 exercised for 10 wk., did not exercise for 11 wk., and exercised again for 11 wk. Subjects 2 and 4 did not exercise for 10 wk., exercised for 11 wk., and again did not exercise for 11 wk., Subjects 1, 2, and 4 had a higher mean PEFR during exercise than during no exercise, and Subject 3 had a lower mean PEFR during exercise than during no exercise. These results suggest that walking may positively influence PEFR of selected asthmatic children if factors such as environment, allergies, and medication side-effects can be controlled.
Psychology of Computer Use: V. Computer Use and the Experience of Time
Authors: Juhnke Ralph , Scott Jonathan N.
Published: September 2011

To determine whether estimates of duration are altered when people use computers, 60 undergraduates solved easy or difficult single-solution anagrams presented on paper and by computer. Subjects who solved easy anagrams presented on paper underestimated the duration of time allowed for the task, while subjects who completed the anagrams presented by computer overestimated that duration. Also, subjects who solved difficult anagrams presented on computers solved significantly fewer anagrams than did subjects who solved difficult anagrams presented on paper. Results are discussed in terms of contradictory results of past research regarding perceived complexity of events in intervals and the interaction of task type and time estimation.
Psychology of Computer Use: VI. Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Expository Writing
Authors: Scruggs Thomas E.
Published: September 2011

31 high school students were given writing assignments on a computer-writing program (WANDAH) or on a free writing control condition in a crossover design in which order of condition and writing topics were counterbalanced. Results indicated that students in the WANDAH condition wrote significantly more words, longer sentences, and showed significantly longer on-task behavior. However, the proportion of “be” (inactive) words per sentence and number of sentences written were apparently not affected by the WANDAH program. Significant differences in variances were also observed between conditions on number of words written per T-unit. Survey data indicated that students favored writing with this computer program over writing by hand.
Effect of Feedback on Estimates of Visual Sensitivity
Authors: Caldwell Kathryn A. , Stephens Benjamin R.
Published: September 2011

Estimates of visual sensitivity are often difficult to interpret because nonsensory factors may influence performance on a psychophysical task. We examined for 19 naive students, ages 10 to 40 yr., the effect of feedback on estimates of contrast sensitivity and found no evidence that feedback improves performance when compared to no feedback conditions.
Choice Reaction Time of Elbow Flexion and Extension during Passive Elbow Motions
Authors: Fujita Masaaki , Nakamura Ryuichi
Published: September 2011

The effect of passive elbow motions on electromyographic reaction times (EMG-RTs) of the biceps brachii for elbow flexion and the triceps for elbow extension was investigated in 8 normal subjects, using a choice-RT task, in which the subject was uncertain about the response direction to perform until the arrival of response signal after the passive motion started. Compared to the static condition, choice EMG-RTs shortened only when the direction of passive and response movements was the same. It seems that passive motions act as prior information on direction of movement in the choice-RT task.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: LII. Decreased Geomagnetic Activity and Spontaneous Telepathic Experiences from the Sidgwick Collection
Authors: Arango Manuel A. , Persinger Michael A.
Published: September 2011

All cases ( n = 93) of putative subjective psi experiences that contained the day, month, and year of occurrence were determined from the 1922 Sidgwick collection. Multivariate analysis of variance for telepathic experiences concerning death and crisis ( n = 43), telepathic experiences concerning more mundane events ( n = 28) and experiences (case controls) involved with temporal discrepancies ( n = 22) showed that only telepathic experiences concerning death and crisis occurred on days when the geomagnetic activity was significantly less than the 3 days before or the 3 days after the experiences. The other two classes of cases did not demonstrate this effect. The V-shaped pattern in geomagnetic activity was similar to that found in the Gurney-Podmore-Myers collection (1868 through 1886) and the Fate collection (1920 through 1980) as well as the strongest Maimonides experimental dream telepathy cases.
Cloze Analysis in Schizophrenic Speech: Scoring Method and Raters' Education
Authors: Maher Brendan A. , Manschreck Theo C. , Schneyer Margaret L. , Weisstein C. Cecily , Okunieff Rhoda
Published: September 2011

This report examines two methodologic concerns pertaining to use of the cloze procedure in studying the predictability of schizophrenic speech, scoring criteria and raters' education (at or below college level). We find that two strategies for scoring the predictions of raters, one requiring the exact word, the other permitting a reasonable synonym, do not appear to differ in distinguishing groups of patients. The accuracy of raters' guessing is, however, correlated with raters' education: the more educated the rater, the more accurate the guessing. Thought-disordered schizophrenic speech is significantly less predictable than that of nonthought-disordered schizophrenics and normal controls when scored by less educated raters. These differences diminish when more highly educated raters are used. We conclude that raters' education can influence the sensitivity of cloze analysis.
Individual Differences in Cognitive Strategy and Personality Traits as Measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
Authors: Kerr Carolyn E. , Brown Warren S.
Published: September 2011

The relationship between personality and preference for use of the right or left hemisphere of the brain in cognitive processing was investigated. Lateral eye movements were recorded as 50 female and 20 male right-handed subjects considered questions requiring reflection. The questions were not obviously “verbal” or “spatial” in nature but did require differing levels of reflection. Questions requiring higher levels of reflection produced a higher rate of lateral eye movement responses. Percent right eye movement for individual subjects was then correlated with scores on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, using both first-order factors and the second-order factor Cortertia, which has some face validity as describing the personality generally ascribed to those who produce mostly right lateral eye movements. No correlation was found between the preferred directions of eye movements and 16 PF factors, which suggests that the lateral eye movements reflect thinking and problem-solving strategies but are not associated with personality styles.
Age Changes in Assembly Performance: A Component Analysis
Authors: Lindner Koenraad J.
Published: September 2011

100 children from Kindergarten to Grade 9 (i.e., 5 to 15 yr.) performed a one-handed manual dexterity assembly task. The videotaped performances were analyzed for the components, Grasping, Transporting, Positioning, Reaching, and Pauses. All five components contributed significantly to the improvements in the lower grades. The Grasping component deteriorated significantly in the older children, but Reaching and Positioning continued to improve up to Grade 9. There were no sex differences.
The Cerebellar-Vestibular Basis of Learning Disabilities in Children, Adolescents and Adults: Hypothesis and Study
Authors: Levinson Harold N.
Published: September 2011

This paper provides a description of the cerebellar-vestibular-determined (CV) neurological and electronystagmographic (ENG) parameters characterizing 4,000 patients with learning disabilities. Of this sample, 1465 or 36.6% were children, 1156 or 28 9% adolescents, and 1379 or 34.5% adults. Using a set of diagnostic methods and criteria, the incidence of CV-dysfunction in this diverse sample was statistically equivalent to that reported by neurologists and neurotologists in a prior “blind” analysis of 115 dyslexic children. Over 94% of both the learning disabled and the dyslexic samples showed two or more abnormal neurological or ENG parameters indicating a CV-dysfunction whereas less than 1% evidenced hard neurological signs of a cerebral disorder. These and related data suggested that: (1) learning disabilities and dyslexia may be cerebellar-vestibular-based and reflect a single disorder and that (2) the varying academic, speech, concentration, activity, and related symptoms characterizing learning disabled persons seem to be shaped by a diverse group of cerebellar-vestibular-determining mechanisms rather than distinct neurophysiological disorders; also, (3) cerebellar-vestibular dysfunctioning and learning disabilities may secondarily trigger altered and/or compensatory cerebral processing and dominance mechanisms. (4) The cerebral cortex apparently plays a vital, compensatory role in shaping the final symptoms. A cerebellar-vestibular basis of learning disabilities is proposed. This conceptualization is consistent with, encompasses, and/or readily explains most of these clinical diagnostic, therapeutic, and research data as well as the many and varied hypotheses.
Distributed and Massed Practice Effects on Motor Performance and Learning of Autistic Children
Authors: Wek Sharon R. , Husak William S.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of massed and distributed practice upon the learning by 8 autistic children of rotary pursuit tracking at 20 rpm. The massed practice group of four completed 10 30-sec. trials with 5-sec. rests for 10 consecutive days on the Photoelectric Pursuit Rotor. The distributed practice group completed 10 30-sec. trials with 30-sec. rests for 10 consecutive days on the same device. The results of a 2 × 10 × 10 (group × practice days × trials) analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two factors indicated that learning occurred for both groups but no differences between groups were significant. It is suggested that further investigations into the applicability of motor learning principles to special populations be conducted using larger groups.
Differences among College Students' Perceptions of Family Satisfaction
Authors: Kennedy Gregory E.
Published: September 2011

Differences in reported family satisfaction were found among groups of college students of different social class, family form, length of time away from home. Differences were not found among students of different ages, races, birth order, marital status, or size of home community.
Anthropometric Design Criteria: Correction Variables for Military Aircraft
Authors: Gregoire Harv , Dahl Rannell
Published: September 2011

Significant errors in the application of dimensional anthropometric design criteria for tactical military aircraft cockpits have been identified. These errors result from insufficient consideration of previously undefined variables relative to posture, restraint system items, and aviators' personal protection equipment as discussed by McConville and Laubach in 1978.
Constancy of Individual Exponents for Inspired Lung Volume: A Comment on Harver (1987)
Authors: Da Silva José Aparecido , Fukusima Sérgio Sheiji
Published: September 2011

In this paper we made two brief commentaries on Harver's (1987) experiment. The first comment is an observation on the growing area of respiratory psychophysics for which we prefer the name Behavioral Physiology. In the second comment it is suggested that the stable individual differences in the exponent of the psychophysical power law reported by Harver may be an artifact of the psychophysical method employed: category production.
Using the Bender-Gestalt Test to Predict Graphomotor Dimensions of the Draw-a-Person Test
Authors: Hilgert Larry D. , Adams William Fenn
Published: September 2011

The investigators examined four correlated aspects of the Bender-Gestalt and the Draw-A-Person tests. Subjects were 41 boys and 14 girls classified as seriously emotionally disturbed or seriously behavior disordered by their school system in southwest Georgia. Each subject's Bender-Gestalt and human figure drawings were placed on a digitizing pad and encoded to provide information relative to the width, height, average point of location on the fourth quadrant abscissa and ordinate of each drawing. The widths of Bender Figures 2 and 8 correlated significantly with the widths of human drawings; the heights of Figures A, 5, and 7 were significantly correlated with the heights of the human drawings. Bender Figure 1 was significantly correlated with average points of location on the abscissa of human figure drawings (distance from the left margin of the page), but correlations between the average points of location from the top of the page were nonsignificant. Comparison of these results with data from other samples might refine diagnosis.
Temporal Resolution of the Aging Tactile Sensory System
Authors: Petrosino Linda , Fucci Donald
Published: September 2011

Oral and nonoral tactile fusion thresholds were obtained for 39 subjects ranging in age from 12 to 76 yr. Regression analysis of the data indicated a trend for fusion thresholds to become poorer with age. Further statistical testing indicated mean threshold and variability differences between subjects when they were placed into four groups according to age.
Reliability of Heart-Rate Reactivity to a Psychological Stressor
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Scuderi Carl S. , Heffernan Colleen J.
Published: September 2011

Reliability of heart-rate reactivity responses to a timed and competitive mental arithmetic stressor was investigated in a sample of 40 students. Analysis indicated that significant differences between groups of high and low heart-rate reactivity subjects were consistent over a period of 4 to 6 wk., with no significant effects from mental arithmetic performances.
A Cerebellar-Vestibular Explanation for Fears/Phobias: Hypothesis and Study
Authors: Levinson Harold N.
Published: September 2011

To clarify and test the cerebellar-vestibular (CV) basis of fears/phobias, responses of 4000 learning disabled children, adolescents, and adults with neurological and electronystagmographic (ENG) evidence of CV-dysfunction were analyzed for anxiety-related symptoms. Of this sample, 64.6% indicated fears/phobias; females were significantly more predisposed; mixed-handedness was significantly related to fears of heights and reduced vestibular response or asymmetric vestibular functioning. Also, adults bad a higher incidence of the specific fears/phobias characterizing agoraphobia than children and adolescents. Analysis of factors reported as triggering the fears/phobias led to (1) a classification and theory of fears/phobias, obsessions/compulsions, and related anxiety symptoms based on realistic or traumatic, neurotic, and CV- or other CNS-based mechanisms rather than on DSM-III—R surface descriptions; (2) an understanding of the relationships between mitral valve prolapse, agoraphobia and panic episodes, as well as depression; and (3) new insights into differential diagnosis and selective treatment.
Processing of Memories and Knowledge in REM and NREM Dreams
Authors: Foulkes David , Bradley Laura , Cavallero Corrado , Hollifield Michael
Published: September 2011

Over 4 nights, 16 young-adult males each reported 2 REM and 2 nonREM dreams. They then identified possible sources of dream imagery in their waking memory and/or knowledge A judge, naive as to conditions of data collection, reliably judged the closeness of correspondence of dream event to identified source. Correspondence was lower for REM than for nonREM reports and for longer than for shorter reports from either stage.
Effects of Eye Color and Sex on Accuracy in Archery
Authors: Beer John , Fleming Paula , Knorr William
Published: September 2011

126 subjects were 47 children in Grade 7, 49 students in Grade 8, and 30 adults, who shot arrows at bull's-eye targets from varying distances. Analysis of variance of accuracy scores indicated that there was no difference for eye color, but boys scored more points than did girls.
Lights and Lattices and Where They are Seen
Authors: Gillespie George
Published: September 2011

The article discusses characteristics of internal visual images and is based on personal observations of lucid dream and hypnopompic phenomena. In the context of lucid dreaming there sometimes occur persisting bright lights that do not behave like ordinary dream images. These phenomena appear as areas of light, peripheral light, disks of light, sun-like concentrations of light, and fullness of light. These luminous phenomena remain in a fixed location in my view in spite of any dreamed body movement, may appear in different dreams in the same locations, are not truly representational, and appear to be unrelated to other dream images, visual or otherwise. These stable intense lights remain in a fixed location in relation to an area defined by keeping the head still and moving the eyes. This area is the space that is filled at times by scannable hypnopompic geometrical patterns or scannable hypnagogic complex images. Although space-filling patterns look like they extend like a dome over the eyes, a close examination shows that they have a two-dimensional flatness that reaches over the entire scannable area. The observation of these patterns as flat becomes understandable when we think of the internal image as having no distance or separation from the seeing of the image, that is, as being experienced face on at every point. The flatness of the hypnopompic pattern implies the flatness of all internal images. The experiencer translates the flat image to external positions around the eyes. This translation is explained.
Differences in Mood States between Successful and Less Successful Karate Participants
Authors: McGowan Robert W. , Miller Mark J.
Published: September 2011

Several researchers over the past 10 to 15 yr. have explored the relations among personality, athletic participation, and performance. More recently, research has focused on the relationship between mood states (transitory subjective feelings, emotions, or affect) and athletics. The purpose of this study was to explore this relationship in karate practitioners. Analysis indicated that successful competitors were significantly more angry than less successful competitors.
Reconstruction of Sentence Clusters at the Paragraph Level from Scrambled Discourse Using Feedback
Authors: Langer Philip , Keenan Verne , Culler Janice
Published: September 2011

Subjects reconstructed paragraphs from scrambled passages There were two passages of 240 and 400 words and three conditions (read-only, reconstruct with no feedback, and reconstruct with feedback). The major dependent measures were recall of idea units, recognition of original sentences, and concordance with the original sentence in paragraph clusters. Analysis of variance yielded (1) higher recall for idea units of the shorter passage and reconstruct-no feedback condition, (2) higher recognition of original sentences for the reconstruct-no feedback condition, and (3) greater concordance for the shorter passage. Generally speaking, feedback seemed to intrude into the reconstruction process, and greater concordance did not directly lead to improved comprehension.
Aversiveness of Denatonium Saccharide and Quinine in Grasshopper Mice Onychomys Leucogaster
Authors: Langley William M. , Lipps Hank , Theis Phil
Published: September 2011

The responses toward denatonium saccharide and quinine by three rodent species differ from those exhibited by humans. This study measured the relative aversiveness of these two compounds in grasshopper mice ( Onychomys leucogaster) to determine if this species responded similarly to or differently from these other rodents. In a choice test, the mice clearly preferred quinine over denatonium saccharide at concentrations of 1/10,000 and 1/50,000, but only marginally preferred quinine at a concentration of 1/1000. When denatonium or quinine was paired with toxicosis, both suppressed drinking at concentrations from 1/10,000 to 1/50,000, but only denatonium suppressed drinking at 1/100,000. Neither compound suppressed drinking at 1 part in million. Grasshopper mice perceived denatonium saccharide as more aversive than quinine in both experiments. Such a response resembled the behavior of humans more than that of the other three rodents previously tested.
Trail Making Test Scores for Normal Children: Normative Data from Spain
Authors: Leòn-Carriòn José
Published: September 2011

The Trail Making Test for children was administered to 268 subjects between the ages of 10 and 15 yr. All subjects reported normal psychological histories. When responses were compared with those reported by Reitan in 1971 differences were noted between the two samples. The possibility that the test may not be free of cultural influences is contemplated. The results suggest the use of local normative data in interpreting the scores obtained on this test.