bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Love between Enemies
Authors: Scheck Raffael
Published: November 2020

Love between Enemies explores the forbidden relationships which formed between foreign prisoners of war and German women during the Second World War. From the desire to have fun to deep love commitments, this study examines the range of motivations which lay behind these relationships, tapping into new documents and drawing on thousands of court cases to offer a transnational analysis of personal relations between enemies. Highlighting gender roles, the contradictory reactions of the communities surrounding the couples, and the diplomatic tensions resulting from the severe punishments, this is a history of everyday life which throws light on this subversive aspect of intimacy in wartime Nazi Germany. Comparing the 'transgressing' couples to other groups persecuted for their cultural or private choices, Scheck demonstrates how the relationships were silenced or justified in the post-war memory of prisoners, while the German women, who had been publicly shamed, continued to live with the stigma, and even illegitimate children, for the years that followed.
Bernard Williams as a Philosopher of Ethical Freedom
Authors: Fricker Miranda
Published: November 2020

Interpreting Bernard Williams’s ethical philosophy is not easy. His style is deceptively conversational; apparently direct, yet argumentatively inexplicit and allusive. He is moreover committed to evading ready-made philosophical “-isms.” All this reinforces the already distinct impression that the structure of his philosophy is a web of interrelated commitments where none has unique priority. Against this impression, however, I will venture that the contours of his philosophy become clearest if one considers that there is a single, unchanging root conviction from which his ethical philosophy grows. Despite the perpetual motion of his philosophical thought—its erudition, originality, range, and unceasing forward momentum—still, I contend, there is something unchanging at the heart of it. I will show this by reference to three signature theses: internal reasons, the relativism of distance, and the porous borders of philosophy and history. I will argue that the root conviction of which these are the fruits is the conviction that the constraints of universal rationality seriously underdetermine how one should live. This, I believe, is the vision of the human ethical condition that constitutes the largely inexplicit yet utterly fundamental presupposition beneath Williams’s ethical philosophy taken as a whole. I label the object of this root conviction ethical freedom, and thus portray Williams as a philosopher of ethical freedom.
Rights and Powers in the European Union: Towards a Charter that is Fully Applicable to the Member States?
Authors: TORRES PÉREZ Aida
Published: November 2020

This contribution will tackle a central question for the architecture of fundamental rights protection in the EU: can we envision a Charter that fully applies to the Member States, even beyond the limits of its scope of application? To improve our understanding of the boundaries of the Charter and the potential for further expansion, I will examine the legal avenues through which the CJEU has extended the scope of application of EU fundamental rights in fields of state powers. While the latent pull of citizenship towards a more expansive application of the Charter has not been fully realized, the principle of effective judicial protection (Article 19(1) TEU) has recently shown potential for protection under EU law beyond the boundaries of the Charter. As will be argued, effective judicial protection may well become a doorway for full application of the Charter to the Member States. While such an outcome might currently seem politically unsound, I contend that a progressive case-by-case expansion of the applicability of the Charter to the Member States would be welcome from the standpoint of a robust notion of the rule of law in the EU.
Flexible Corporate Nationality: Transforming Cathay Pacific for the Shifting Geopolitics of Hong Kong in the Closing Decades of British Colonial Rule
Authors: WONG JOHN D.
Published: November 2020

Cathay Pacific’s shifting shareholder base underscores the dynamic interactions between the state and the market in an ever-changing geopolitical landscape. Focusing on its later transformation from a British airline, this article explores how Cathay Pacific refashioned its shareholding to respond to the shifting political climate of Hong Kong. In the protracted process through which Britain yielded jurisdictional power of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China, Cathay Pacific responded preemptively, first by enhancing its local profile, and then by appealing to economic nationalism of the sovereign state poised to take charge. The privately owned airline fashioned its corporate nationality in a bid to negotiate with political forces that affected its business development. The case of Cathay Pacific demonstrates how, in the absence of warfare, companies still need to mitigate political risks in a fluid geopolitical setting. By modifying its shareholding, Cathay Pacific crafted its corporate nationality, which proved instrumental in allaying political risks and managing business relationship with the state. The airline’s strategy attests to its dexterity as well as the pliability of the notion of “corporate nationality,” winning management the “license to operate”—legitimacy and state sponsorship—during a period of swift geopolitical shifts.
The Politics of Loyalty: Understanding Voters’ Attitudes after Primary Elections
Authors: Venturino Fulvio , Seddone Antonella
Published: November 2020

What happens after primary elections? Strategies of loyalty or defection in general elections have been addressed by US literature mainly by means of aggregate data. However, we lack similar studies in non-US contexts. This article investigates the strategies followed after primary elections by taking the case of the Italian Partito Democratico as an illustration. We addressed the individual drivers of loyalty or defection strategies by considering three different dimensions: (1) the outcome of the primary election, having backed a winning or losing candidate; (2) the strength of partisanship, meant as ideological congruence with the party and partisan involvement; and (3) the leader effect. We relied on four surveys (exit polls) administered during party leadership selections held in 2009, 2013, 2017 and 2019. The results suggest that all three dimensions have an influence on post-primary strategies, but what counts the most is partisan involvement.
Nostalgia and nationalism: Facebook ‘archives’ and the constitution of Thai photographic histories
Authors: Veal Clare
Published: November 2020

This article considers the implications of the popularisation of Facebook groups that share historical photographs for the writing of Thai national and photographic histories. Rather than dismissing these groups as lacking in historical rigour, I propose that the nostalgic impetus behind their formation indicates an important way through which we may rethink the continued relevance of Thailand's history to its current sociopolitical situation. Drawing from Craig J. Reynolds’ (1992) argument regarding the interrelationship between the ‘plot of Thai history’ and the narrative historical form, I consider how this plot might be challenged or displaced through a movement from text to image, and from the material to the digital.
Influence of some physico-chemical variables on wild fish richness beneath sea-cage fish farms in the Aegean Sea, Turkey
Authors: Akyol Okan , Özgül Aytaç , Ozan Düzbastılar F. , Şen Halil , Ortiz de Urbina José M. , Ceyhan Tevfik
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the relationship between physico-chemical variables on a seasonal basis and wild fish assemblages beneath sea-cage fish farms. Assemblages of wild fish were counted monthly on two separate days at each of six fish farms between August 2015 and July 2017, by six rapid visual counts (RVC) in 5 minutes with scuba by two divers. Seawater samples were simultaneously taken by a Nansen bottle during the RVC from the fish farm barge. SST (°C), salinity (ppm), dissolved oxygen (mg l−1) and pH were measured by YSI multiparameter, while Secchi disk was also used for light transmittance. Wild fish species richness went up with increasing temperature and salinity in the Izmir region, however, this stopped at about 26°C and about 39 ppm. Wild fish richness increased when the DO was at a level of 7 mg l−1 and the pH at about 7.9 in Izmir. Between 10 and 20 m, light transmittance showed greater wild fish species richness in Izmir region. In contrast, the wild fish species richness of the Muğla region fluctuated more. In terms of wild fish species richness, these fluctuations increased with salinity and DO, while they decreased with SST, pH and light transmittance. However, the range of variation of the recorded physico-chemical variables is rather narrow. The results of the correlation matrix indicate that the relationship between wild fish species richness and pH and SST was statistically significant in Izmir region (P < 0.05).
Yemeni Inscriptions, Iraqi Chronicles, Hijazi Poetry: A Reconstruction of the Meaning of Isrāʾ in Qur'an 17:1
Authors: MILLER NATHANIEL
Published: November 2020

The termisrāʾ, based on the first verse ofsūra 17, is typically rendered as ‘Night Journey’. There is little compelling evidence that this was the original meaning of the Qur'anic text, and medieval lexicographers and exegetes preserved a number of alternative meanings, such as thatasrāwas a denominal verb meaning ‘to travel through the uplands(al-sarāh)’. Another explanation is thatasrāis a denominal verb of the nounsariyya (pl. sarāyā), a military expedition. By drawing on early historiographical descriptions ofsarāyāand South Arabian inscriptions, which give evidence that the wordsariyyais of Sabaic origin, the Qur'anic meaning ofasrāwas evidently something like ‘to send on a royal expedition’. Early Islamic Arabic poetic texts also offer extremely compelling evidence that the first Muslims were familiar with some of the key concepts of South Arabian royal authority as they appear in Sabaic inscriptions.
Connectivity and seasonality: the 1918 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics in global perspective
Authors: Chandra Siddharth , Christensen Julia , Likhtman Shimon
Published: November 2020

The goal of this article is to demonstrate the value of a global perspective on pandemics for understanding how global pandemics caused by novel viruses can unfold. Using the example of the 1918 influenza pandemic, two factors that were central to the evolving pattern of global pandemic waves, connectivity and seasonality, are explored. Examples of the influences of these factors on pandemic waves in different locations are presented. Viewing the 1918 pandemic through the lens of compartmental models of infectious diseases, our analysis suggests that connectivity played a dominant role in the initial stages. With the passage of time and the progressive infection and consequent immunization of more and more people, however, the role of seasonality increased in importance, ultimately becoming the driving force behind the emergence of future waves of infection. Implications of these observations for pandemics caused by novel viruses such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
Response of grain sorghum to low rates of glufosinate and nicosulfuron
Authors: Bowman Hunter D. , Barber Tom , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trenton L. , Kelley Jason , Gbur Edward E.
Published: November 2020

Previous research has shown that glufosinate and nicosulfuron at low rates can cause yield loss to grain sorghum. However, research has not been conducted to pinpoint the growth stage at which these herbicides are most injurious to grain sorghum. Therefore, field tests were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine the most sensitive growth stage for grain sorghum exposure to both glufosinate and nicosulfuron. Field test were designed with factor A being the herbicide applied (glufosinate or nicosulfuron). Factor B consisted of timing of herbicide application including V3, V8, flagleaf, heading, and soft dough stages. Factor C was glufosinate or nicosulfuron rate where a proportional rate of 656 g ai ha−1 of glufosinate and 35 g ai ha−1 of nicosulfuron was applied at 1/10×, 1/50×, and 1/250×. Visible injury, crop canopy heights (cm), and yield were reported as a percent of the nontreated. At the V3 growth stage visible injury of 32% from the 1/10× rate of glufosinate and 51% from the 1/10× rate of nicosulfuron was observed. This injury was reduced by 4 wk after application (WAA) and no yield loss occurred. Nicosulfuron was more injurious than glufosinate at a 1/10× and 1/50× rate when applied at the V8 and flagleaf growth stages resulting in death of the shoot, reduced heading, and yield. Yield losses from the 1/10× rate of nicosulfuron were observed from V8 through early heading and ranged from 41% to 96%. Yield losses from the 1/50× rate of nicosulfuron were 14% to 16% at the flagleaf and V8 growth stages respectively. The 1/10× rate of glufosinate caused 36% visible injury 2 WAA when applied at the flagleaf stage, which resulted in a 16% yield reduction. By 4 WAA visible injury from either herbicide at less than the 1/10× rate was not greater than 4%. Results indicate that injury can occur, but yield losses are more probable from low rates of nicosulfuron at V8 and flagleaf growth stages.
Practical early cancer detection: distinguishing stable from unstable genomes in pre-cancerous tissues
Authors: Killcoyne Sarah , Fitzgerald Rebecca C.
Published: November 2020

Barrett’s oesophagus has been known for many years to display early changes to the genome consistent with the risk for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Recently we have shown that this information can be used without knowledge of individual gene mutations to accurately predict a patient’s future risk of malignant progression.
HDAC inhibition ameliorates cone survival in retinitis pigmentosa mice
Authors: Samardzija Marijana , Corna Andrea , Gomez-Sintes Raquel , Jarboui Mohamed Ali , Armento Angela , Roger Jerome E. , Petridou Eleni , Haq Wadood , Paquet-Durand Francois , Zrenner Eberhart , de la Villa Pedro , Zeck Günther , Grimm Christian , Boya Patricia , Ueffing Marius , Trifunović Dragana
Published: November 2020

Cone photoreceptor cell death in inherited retinal diseases, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), leads to the loss of high acuity and color vision and, ultimately to blindness. In RP, a vast number of mutations perturb the structure and function of rod photoreceptors, while cones remain initially unaffected. Extensive rod loss in advanced stages of the disease triggers cone death by a mechanism that is still largely unknown. Here, we show that secondary cone cell death in animal models for RP is associated with increased activity of histone deacetylates (HDACs). A single intravitreal injection of an HDAC inhibitor at late stages of the disease, when the majority of rods have already degenerated, was sufficient to delay cone death and support long-term cone survival in two mouse models for RP, affected by mutations in the phosphodiesterase 6b gene. Moreover, the surviving cones remained light-sensitive, leading to an improvement in visual function. RNA-seq analysis of protected cones demonstrated that HDAC inhibition initiated multi-level protection via regulation of different pro-survival pathways, including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and autophagy. This study suggests a unique opportunity for targeted pharmacological protection of secondary dying cones by HDAC inhibition and creates hope to maintain vision in RP patients even in advanced disease stages.
Extending schizophrenia diagnostic model to predict schizotypy in first-degree relatives
Authors: Kalmady Sunil Vasu , Paul Animesh Kumar , Greiner Russell , Agrawal Rimjhim , Amaresha Anekal C. , Shivakumar Venkataram , Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C. , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Dursun Serdar M. , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan
Published: November 2020

Recently, we developed a machine-learning algorithm “EMPaSchiz” that learns, from a training set of schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals, a model that predicts if a novel individual has schizophrenia, based on features extracted from his/her resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we apply this learned model to first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, who were found to not have active psychosis or schizophrenia. We observe that the participants that this model classified as schizophrenia patients had significantly higher “schizotypal personality scores” than those who were not. Further, the “EMPaSchiz probability score” for schizophrenia status was significantly correlated with schizotypal personality score. This demonstrates the potential of machine-learned diagnostic models to predict state-independent vulnerability, even when symptoms do not meet the full criteria for clinical diagnosis.
Polymerase delta-interacting protein 38 (PDIP38) modulates the stability and activity of the mitochondrial AAA+ protease CLPXP
Authors: Strack Philip R. , Brodie Erica J. , Zhan Hanmiao , Schuenemann Verena J. , Valente Liz J. , Saiyed Tamanna , Lowth Bradley R. , Angley Lauren M. , Perugini Matthew A. , Zeth Kornelius , Truscott Kaye N. , Dougan David A.
Published: November 2020

Over a decade ago Polymerase δ interacting protein of 38 kDa (PDIP38) was proposed to play a role in DNA repair. Since this time, both the physiological function and subcellular location of PDIP38 has remained ambiguous and our present understanding of PDIP38 function has been hampered by a lack of detailed biochemical and structural studies. Here we show, that human PDIP38 is directed to the mitochondrion in a membrane potential dependent manner, where it resides in the matrix compartment, together with its partner protein CLPX. Our structural analysis revealed that PDIP38 is composed of two conserved domains separated by an α/β linker region. The N-terminal (YccV-like) domain of PDIP38 forms an SH3-like β-barrel, which interacts specifically with CLPX, via the adaptor docking loop within the N-terminal Zinc binding domain of CLPX. In contrast, the C-terminal (DUF525) domain forms an immunoglobin-like β-sandwich fold, which contains a highly conserved putative substrate binding pocket. Importantly, PDIP38 modulates the substrate specificity of CLPX and protects CLPX from LONM-mediated degradation, which stabilises the cellular levels of CLPX. Collectively, our findings shed new light on the mechanism and function of mitochondrial PDIP38, demonstrating that PDIP38 is a bona fide adaptor protein for the mitochondrial protease, CLPXP.
Genome editing in plants using CRISPR type I-D nuclease
Authors: Osakabe Keishi , Wada Naoki , Miyaji Tomoko , Murakami Emi , Marui Kazuya , Ueta Risa , Hashimoto Ryosuke , Abe-Hara Chihiro , Kong Bihe , Yano Kentaro , Osakabe Yuriko
Published: November 2020

Genome editing in plants has advanced greatly by applying the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)-Cas system, especially CRISPR-Cas9. However, CRISPR type I—the most abundant CRISPR system in bacteria—has not been exploited for plant genome modification. In type I CRISPR-Cas systems, e.g., type I-E, Cas3 nucleases degrade the target DNA in mammals. Here, we present a type I-D (TiD) CRISPR-Cas genome editing system in plants. TiD lacks the Cas3 nuclease domain; instead, Cas10d is the functional nuclease in vivo. TiD was active in targeted mutagenesis of tomato genomic DNA. The mutations generated by TiD differed from those of CRISPR/Cas9; both bi-directional long-range deletions and short indels mutations were detected in tomato cells. Furthermore, TiD can be used to efficiently generate bi-allelic mutant plants in the first generation. These findings indicate that TiD is a unique CRISPR system that can be used for genome engineering in plants.
Ancient DNA reveals monozygotic newborn twins from the Upper Palaeolithic
Authors: Teschler-Nicola Maria , Fernandes Daniel , Händel Marc , Einwögerer Thomas , Simon Ulrich , Neugebauer-Maresch Christine , Tangl Stefan , Heimel Patrick , Dobsak Toni , Retzmann Anika , Prohaska Thomas , Irrgeher Johanna , Kennett Douglas J. , Olalde Iñigo , Reich David , Pinhasi Ron
Published: November 2020

The Upper Palaeolithic double burial of newborns and the single burial of a ca. 3-month-old infant uncovered at the Gravettian site of Krems-Wachtberg, Austria, are of paramount importance given the rarity of immature human remains from this time. Genome-wide ancient DNA shows that the male infants of the double grave are the earliest reported case of monozygotic twins, while the single grave´s individual was their 3rd-degree male relative. We assessed the individuals´ age at death by applying histological and µCT inspection of the maxillary second incisors (i2) in conjunction with C- and N-isotope ratios and Barium (Ba) intake as biomarker for breastfeeding. The results show that the twins were full-term newborns, and that while individual 2 died at birth, individual 1 survived for about 50 days. The findings show that Gravettian mortuary behaviour also included re-opening of a grave and manipulation of its layout and content.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy screening of CO2 electroreduction activities and product selectivities of catalyst arrays
Authors: Mayer Francis D. , Hosseini-Benhangi Pooya , Sánchez-Sánchez Carlos M. , Asselin Edouard , Gyenge Előd L.
Published: November 2020

The electroreduction of CO2 is one of the most investigated reactions and involves testing a large number and variety of catalysts. The majority of experimental electrocatalysis studies use conventional one-sample-at-a-time methods without providing spatially resolved catalytic activity information. Herein, we present the application of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for simultaneous screening of different catalysts forming an array. We demonstrate the potential of this method for electrocatalytic assessment of an array consisting of three Sn/SnOx catalysts for CO2 reduction to formate (CO2RF). Simultaneous SECM scans with fast scan (1 V s−1) cyclic voltammetry detection of products (HCOO−, CO and H2) at the Pt ultramicroelectrode tip were performed. We were able to consistently distinguish the electrocatalytic activities of the three compositionally and morphologically different Sn/SnOx catalysts. Further development of this technique for larger catalyst arrays and matrices coupled with machine learning based algorithms could greatly accelerate the CO2 electroreduction catalyst discovery.
Diels–Alder reactions and electrophilic substitutions with atypical regioselectivity enable functionalization of terminal rings of anthracene
Authors: Huynh Vinh Ngoc , Leitner Michael , Bhattacharyya Aditya , Uhlstein Lisa , Kreitmeier Peter , Sakrausky Patrick , Rehbein Julia , Reiser Oliver
Published: November 2020

Reversing the regioselectivity of the renowned Diels–Alder reaction by overriding the usual thermodynamic and kinetic governing factors has always been a formidable challenge to synthetic organic chemists. Anthracenes are well-known to undergo [4 + 2]-cycloadditions with dienophiles at their 9,10-positions (central ring) over 1,4-positions (terminal ring) guided by the relative aromatic stabilization energy of the two possible products, and also by harboring the largest orbital coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) at the 9,10-positions. We, herein, report a 1,4-selective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy of 9,10-unsubstituted anthracenes by installing electron-donating substituents on the terminal rings which is heretofore unprecedented to the best of our knowledge. The developed synthetic strategy does not require any premeditated engagement of the 9,10-positions either with any sterically bulky or electron-withdrawing substituents and allows delicate calibration of the regioselectivity by modulating the electron-donating strength of the substituents on the terminal rings. Likewise, the regioselective functionalization of the terminal anthracene ring in electrophilic substitution reactions is demonstrated. A mechanistic rationale is offered with the aid of detailed computational studies, and finally, synthetic applications are presented.
The impact of travel and timing in eliminating COVID-19
Authors: Siegenfeld Alexander F. , Bar-Yam Yaneer
Published: November 2020

While the spread of communicable diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often analyzed assuming a well-mixed population, more realistic models distinguish between transmission within and between geographic regions. A disease can be eliminated if the region-to-region reproductive number—i.e., the average number of other regions to which a single infected region will transmit the disease—is reduced to less than one. Here we show that this region-to-region reproductive number is proportional to the travel rate between regions and exponential in the length of the time-delay before region-level control measures are imposed. If, on average, infected regions (including those that become re-infected in the future) impose social distancing measures shortly after experiencing community transmission, the number of infected regions, and thus the number of regions in which such measures are required, will exponentially decrease over time. Elimination will in this case be a stable fixed point even after the social distancing measures have been lifted from most of the regions.
Inorganic AlCl3–alkali metal thiocyanate ionic liquids as electrolytes for electrochemical Al technologies
Authors: Chen Chih-Yao , Tsuda Tetsuya , Kuwabata Susumu
Published: November 2020

Inorganic ionic liquids, AlCl3–AMSCN (AM = Li, Na, K), were developed and found to support Al deposition and Al-anion rechargeable batteries over an easy-to-use temperature range of 303–363 K.
Lanthanide-based molecular alloys with hydroxyterephthalate: a versatile system
Authors: Wang Jinzeng , Suffren Yan , Daiguebonne Carole , Bernot Kevin , Calvez Guillaume , Freslon Stéphane , Guillou Olivier
Published: November 2020

Reactions in water between lanthanide chlorides and the di-sodium salt of 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (H2hbdc) lead to six families of lanthanide-based coordination polymers depending on the lanthanide ion and the crystal growth method.
Polarization consistent basis sets using the projector augmented wave method: a renovation brought by PAW into Gaussian basis sets
Authors: Phung Quan Manh , Hagai Masaya , Xiong Xiao-Gen , Yanai Takeshi
Published: November 2020

A new family of polarization consistent basis set, combined with the projector augmented wave method, was introduced. The basis sets are compact and have good performance as compared to conventional all-electron basis sets in DFT calculations.
Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis
Authors: Bacon Jeffrey R. , Butler Owen T. , Cairns Warren R. L. , Cavoura Olga , Cook Jennifer M. , Davidson Christine M. , Mertz-Kraus Regina
Published: November 2020

This review covers advances in the analysis of air, water, plants, soils and geological materials by a range of atomic spectrometric techniques including atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry.
Facile fabrication of hierarchical Rh2Ir alloy nanodendrites with excellent HER performance in a broad pH range
Authors: Liu Qicheng , Fan Chuang , Zhou Xinyi , Liu Jiaqi , Jiang Shuang , Wang Siyuan , Wang Xiaojun , Tang Yawen
Published: November 2020

Hierarchical Rh2Ir alloy nanodendrites were prepared via a facile oil-bath method, which exhibits excellent HER performance in a broad pH range.
A novel fluorescent assay for uracil DNA glycosylase activity built on the 3′–5′ exonuclease activity-based endonuclease IV cyclic signal amplification strategy
Authors: Tian Jing-Xuan , Fang Yan-Zhao , Yang Yi-Xuan , Wu Shuang , Xiao Qiang , Kong Xiang-Juan
Published: November 2020

The unique 3′-5′ exonuclease activity of endonuclease IV to DNA strands has been demonstrated, which enables the development of a novel highly sensitive assay for UDG activity.
Ligand effects on structural, protophilic and reductive features of stannylated dinuclear iron dithiolato complexes
Authors: Abul-Futouh Hassan , Almazahreh Laith R. , Abaalkhail Sara J. , Görls Helmar , Stripp Sven T. , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

The synthesis and characterization of Fe2(CO)5(L){μ-(SCH2)2SnMe2} (L = PPh3(2) and P(OMe)3(3)) derived from the parent hexacarbonyl complex Fe2(CO)6{μ-(SCH2)2}SnMe2(1) are reported.
Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity of cationic half-sandwich Ru(ii) complexes stabilized by iminophosphorane N,N,S and N,N,Se tridentate ligands
Authors: Martínez-De-León Carla Gabriela , Flores Vallejo Rosario del Carmen , Rodríguez-Álvarez Aurora , Villareal María Luisa , Grévy Jean-Michel
Published: November 2020

New Ru(ii) half-sandwich complexes stabilized by tridentate iminophosphorane N,N,S or N,N,Se ligands show potent cytotoxic activity with high selectivity.
Photoredox-catalyzed chemoselective aerobic Cα–H oxidation of propargylamines: synthesis of substituted 2-ynamide and oxazolo[2,3-a]isoquinolinone derivatives
Authors: Bhargava Reddy Mandapati , Neerathilingam Nalladhambi , Anandhan Ramasamy
Published: November 2020

Visible light-initiated chemoselective aerobic Cα–H oxidation of propargylamines.
Intrinsically disordered proteins and membranes: a marriage of convenience for cell signalling?
Authors: Cornish Jasmine , Chamberlain Samuel G. , Owen Darerca , Mott Helen R.
Published: November 2020

The structure-function paradigm has guided investigations into the molecules involved in cellular signalling for decades. The peripheries of this paradigm, however, start to unravel when considering the co-operation between proteins and the membrane in signalling processes. Intrinsically disordered regions hold distinct advantages over folded domains in terms of their binding promiscuity, sensitivity to their particular environment and their ease of modulation through post-translational modifications. Low sequence complexity and bias towards charged residues are also favourable for the multivalent electrostatic interactions that occur at the surfaces of lipid bilayers. This review looks at the principles behind the successful marriage between protein disorder and membranes in addition to the role of this partnership in modifying and regulating signalling in cellular processes. The HVR (hypervariable region) of small GTPases is highlighted as a well-studied example of the nuanced role a short intrinsically disordered region can play in the fine-tuning of signalling pathways.
Minimisation of power oscillations with a novel optimal control strategy for distributed generation inverter under grid faulty and harmonic networks
Authors: Emin Meral Mehmet , Çelik Doğan
Published: November 2020

The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) inverters supplying power to the networks bring challenges to the power system under the grid faulty and harmonic grid since negative sequence components lead to double oscillations. Reference current generation (RCG)‐based flexible control strategies ensure solutions to mitigate oscillations on the control signals and to maintain a more stable, secure and reliable power system operation. In this direction, this study proposes an RCG‐based optimal control strategy that reduces oscillations of active and reactive power at optimal control parameter values and ensures minimum harmonic contents at the grid side under an unbalanced and harmonic distortion grid. The main cause of the power oscillations is comprehensively demonstrated, optimised and examined with numerical studies and theoretically. Control parameters are accurately selected by the courtesies of optimisation function to minimise power oscillations. A fast and robust third‐order sinusoidal signal integrator (TOSSI) extracts positive–negative sequence components for the calculation of the RCG. To provide a fast transient response and achieve almost current tracking errors at a zero level, proportional complex integral (PCI) current regulation controller is selected. Various case studies have been performed to show the validity and availability of the proposed entire system, including flexible control, optimisation, TOSSI and PCI.
PowerNet: a smart energy forecasting architecture based on neural networks
Authors: Cheng Yao , Xu Chang , Mashima Daisuke , Biswas Partha P. , Chipurupalli Geetanjali , Zhou Bin , Wu Yongdong
Published: November 2020

Electricity demand forecasting is a critical task for efficient, reliable and economical operation of the power grid, which is one of the most essential building blocks of smart cities. Accurate forecasting allows grid operators to properly maintain the balance of supply and demand as well as to optimize operational cost for generation and transmission. This article proposes a novel neural network architecture PowerNet which can incorporate multiple heterogeneous features such as historical energy consumption data, weather data and calendar information for the demand forecasting task. Using real‐world smart meter dataset, we conduct an extensive evaluation to show the advantages of PowerNet over recently‐proposed machine learning methods such as Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). PowerNet demonstrates notable performance in reducing both the median and worst‐case prediction errors when forecasting demands of individual residential households. We further provide empirical results concerning the two operational considerations that are crucial when using PowerNet in practice: the time horizon the model can predict with a decent accuracy and the frequency of training the model to retain its modeling capability. Finally, we briefly discuss a multi‐layer anomaly/electricity‐theft detection approach based on PowerNet demand forecasting.
Hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disks including irradiation of stellar photons
Authors: Flores-Rivera Lizxandra , Flock Mario , Nakatani Riouhei
Published: November 2020

Context. In recent years hydrodynamical (HD) models have become important to describe the gas kinematics in protoplanetary disks, especially in combination with models of photoevaporation and/or magnetically driven winds. Our aim is to investigate how vertical shear instability (VSI) could influence the thermally driven winds on the surface of protoplanetary disks.

Aims. In this first part of the project, we focus on diagnosing the conditions of the VSI at the highest numerical resolution ever recorded, and suggest at what resolution per scale height we obtain convergence. At the same time, we want to investigate the vertical extent of VSI activity. Finally, we determine the regions where extreme UV (EUV), far-UV (FUV), and X-ray photons are dominant in the disk.

Methods. We perform global HD simulations using the PLUTO code. We adopt a global isothermal accretion disk setup, 2.5D (2 dimensions, 3 components) which covers a radial domain from 0.5 to 5.0 and an approximately full meridional extension. Our simulation runs cover a resolution from 12 to 203 cells per scale height.

Results. We determine 50 cells per scale height to be the lower limit to resolve the VSI. For higher resolutions, ≥50 cells per scale height, we observe the convergence for the saturation level of the kinetic energy. We are also able to identify the growth of the “body” modes, with higher growth rate for higher resolution. Full energy saturation and a turbulent steady state is reached after 70 local orbits. We determine the location of the EUV heated region defined by Σr = 1019 cm−2 to be at HR ~ 9.7 and the FUV–X-ray heated boundary layer defined by Σr = 1022 cm−2 to be at HR ~ 6.2, making it necessary to introduce a hot atmosphere. For the first time we report the presence of small-scale vortices in the r − Z plane between the characteristic layers of large-scale vertical velocity motions. Such vortices could lead to dust concentration, promoting grain growth. Our results highlight the importance of combining photoevaporation processes in the future high-resolution studies of turbulence and accretion processes in disks.
Analysis of the emotional strain influence on the indicators of the heart rhythm variability in students
Authors: Krivobokova Vera , Kiseleva Maria , Gryaznykh Andrey
Published: November 2020

To determine the features of the cardiovascular system functional state in students using some indicators of heart rate variability under emotional strain. The research involved 67 male students with an average level of daily motor activity. The age range corresponded to 18 - 23 years. All the examined in the personal history had no deviations in health status and were considered to belong to the main medical group. The tonic activity of the autonomic nervous system in the normal condition was determined using the rhythmocardiographic method on the “Varicard 2.51” hardware-software complex according to the indicators of heart rate variability mathematical analysis. Cardio intervals were recorded in the normal condition and under conditions of emotional stress (the examination session was a model of stress). The analysis of heart rate variability was carried out on the basis of the statistical analysis indicators evaluation - SDNN, pNN50 and variational pulsometry - Mo, AMo, MxDMn, IN. Depending on the initial tonicity of the autonomic nervous system, all examined students were divided into groups: vagotonics, normotonics and sympathotonics. Among the determined values, the examination stress had the greatest impact on the stress index and the share of neighboring RR intervals, which differ by more than 50 ms. If the stress index significantly increased in students with vago- and normotonia, the proportion of neighboring RR intervals, differing by more than 50 ms, decreased in all the studied groups Taking an exam led to psycho-emotional stress of the body. It caused autonomic provision restructuring of cardiac activity due to an increase in the sympathetic effect. The results of the research may be of interest to all participants of the educational process.
Distant learning as an innovative approach to the implementation of the practice-oriented discipline “Physical Culture and Sport”
Authors: Kremneva Victoria , Nepovinnykh Lyudmila , Solodovnik Ekaterina
Published: November 2020

Physical culture lessons during difficult epidemiological situation in the country and in the world are very important, however, distant lessons organization can be a problem. In this connection it is urgent to search for the methods and techniques of physical culture lessons organization. The article presents the variants of distant education (in terms of isolation) in “Physical culture”discipline. These variants description has practical importance.

The authors make an attempt to reveal students’ attitude to distant learning in discipline “Physical culture and sport” from different positions: general attitude of students to this kind of education; the most acceptable for students variants of distant learning; difficulties, which appear in terms of this kind of lessons organization; convenience of using different platforms.
Methodology of increasing the level of motor abilities development among 13-14 year-old schoolchildren with mental retardation in terms of inclusive educational organization
Authors: Andreev Viktor , Fominih Alexander , Konovalov Igor , Parfenova Larisa , Morozov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of a pedagogical research concerning age-related development retardation compensation of motor abilities in children with mental retardation. The authors created the separate form of inclusive education organization in physical upbringing of general educational establishment, methodology with adapted methods and means realized on the basis of the differentiated approach. The effectiveness of the methodology is proved during the received indices analysis. The level of the respondents physical readiness corresponded age norm and in some cases increased it; progress and independent regulation of behavioral norms also increased.
Differentiated methodology of coordinating abilities upbringing in children with infantile cerebral paralysis
Authors: Poteshkin Artem , Talamova Irina
Published: November 2020

In the article the authors give the example of own created methodology of coordinating abilities estimation and upbringing in children with spastic diplegia and hemiparetic forms of infantile cerebral paralysis at the age of 11-12 of the Ist level of functional abilities according to Gross Motor Function Classification Systems. The peculiarity of the methodology is its universal character: the created methodology of estimation helps to estimate within a short time period and in terms of free space deficiency estimate coordinating abilities development. According to the development results estimation of a girl with a hemiparetic form of infantile cerebral paralysis we see the best indices of coordinating abilities development in comparison with the girls with spastic diplegia and the boys of both forms. For coordinating abilities upbringing the authors offer the methodology. It includes two blocks: the 1st block- classical physical exercises; the second block- exercises at stable platform. The authors offer the algorithm of coordinating abilities estimation and upbringing in children with spastic diplegia and hemiparetic forms of infantile cerebral paralysis at the age of 11-12.
Morphofunctional features and physical fitness of boys 6 - 9 years old under the influence of various physical activity
Authors: Abramova Tamara , Nikitina Tatyana , Polfuntikova Anastasia , Oblog Kristina , Iordanskaya Faina
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research was to investigate morphofunctional features and physical fitness of boys 6 - 9 years old under the influence of various physical activity. The research performed in 2020 comprised 246 boys of 6 - 9 years old with different physical activity (121 children who are not involved in sports; 79 martial artists and 46 gymnasts with experience of 8 months and 4 years old). It was found that systematic sports activities of 6 - 9 years old boys have a positive effect on physical fitness and optimize morphofunctional indicators of physical development. The effect of the sport on the physical development and fitness of the boys depends on the start date and time of training sessions: a higher level of young gymnasts physical fitness is accompanied by a more intense adaptation of the cardiovascular system relative to martial artists. Differences in morphofunctional state and physical fitness between boys who are not involved in sports and young athletes are least significant in 6 year old boys, intensifying as growing up and increasing sport experience. It is more typical for gymnasts.
Estimating the features of nervous processes among medical students as one of the main factors influencing labor productivity
Authors: Skiba Igor , Konovalov Igor , Emelyanova Yulia , Kosulina Valentina , Akhmetshina Elza
Published: November 2020

The article considers the results of studying nervous processes in medical students. They influence labor functions productivity in the future labor activity. Testing was held by means of hardware and software complex (HSC) “NS-PsychoTest”. It includes several specialized tests for the experimental study of nervous system and a person’s psychological part. The main features of respondents’ nervous processes estimation was realized according to the author’s methodology created by E.P. Ilin in 1972 by means of the dynamics of hand movements tempo change. In terms of the research results interpretation we held factors analysis, which prevent the whole potential of physical culture means revelation at a higher educational establishment, including medical profile Universities, for an effective training of young specialists for their professional duties realization.
Philosophical and psychological considerations when choosing educational development for students to adjust to studies
Authors: Altynova Nadezhda , Orlov Andrey , Talantseva Valentina
Published: November 2020

According to earlier research, majority of first-year undergraduates have some difficulties adapting to the study pattern in universities. A series of papers state that this process is greatly affected by the regional realities where they live, therefore the researchers designed and tested a number of educational developments leading to better adapting. Herewith, the analysis of findings does not suggest that a combination of educational developments identified by theory and verified experimentally could be described as necessary and sufficient. It necessitates further research in this area and it’s efficiency will depend on choosing the right methodology for the research. Based on the four-level methodology of scientific analysis by I.V. Blauberg and E.G. Yudin there is rationale to incorporate the provisions of the activity theory when analyzing a package of educational developments. It’s implementation in physical education would ensure first-year undergraduates adapt to the study pattern in a university as effectively as possible.The main methods of research included the analysis and consolidation of scientific and methodological data, summative experiment to determine the functional state of students and correlation of the findings with their biological age. Experimentation was carried out by the Department of Physical Education, Chuvash State Agricultural Academy, Russia. The research resulted in supplementing the earlier proposed set of educational developments with other two. The first of them is to objectify the need for physical exercise as an effective way to enhance adaptation of firstyear students. The second one is to have monitoring and corrective measures in place as part of the activity. Together with the earlier recommended framework, these educational developments ensure all functionalities of the activity to improve the studied process of first-year students adaptation to the study pattern in a university. Whereby a set of educational developments could be termed as a coherent organic system
Take-off velocity, force and power features manifestation in training exercises of athletes
Authors: Pyanzin Andrey , Pyanzina Nadezhda
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify take-off velocity, force and power features manifestation in training exercises of athletes. 11 training exercises were subjected to metrological assessment. Analysis of take-off indicators allows us to assess their level individually for each athlete in each exercise. It greatly facilitates the coach’s task of individual exercises selection.