bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of transfer pricing as a management accounting tool in the project management system
Authors: Agafonova N. P.
Published: September 2021

Modern economic conditions, due to the high level of competition, lead to the need to search for internal reserves to improve the efficiency of economic entities, one of the solutions to this problem can be considered the application of the management concept “project management”. However, its full implementation is impossible without sufficient information support, which is eliminated as a result of the use of various management accounting tools, one of which is transfer pricing. The article presents the results of a study on the use of transfer education in determining the cost of implementing an agricultural project.
Modern approaches to regulatory and legal regulation in conducting and preparing reporting on environmental audit
Authors: Nesterenko A. V. , Bezdolnaya T. Y. , Neshadimova T. A.
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the main regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental audit and audit of environmental reporting, and also determines the impact of environmental factors on the financial and non-financial reporting of organizations. The use of modern approaches to the conduct and preparation of environmental audit reporting will contribute to a higher responsibility of organizations for the results of their financial and economic activities and investment attractiveness for investors.
Regional economic analysis of the agroindustrial complex of the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Livanova R. V. , Myrksina Yu. A.
Published: September 2021

The analysis of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Mordovia, the analysis of the activities of agricultural organizations of the republic for the period from 2005 to 2020, the dynamics of agricultural production for the period under study in monetary terms, the analysis of the structure of acreage, gross harvest, crop yields and changes in the number of livestock in the livestock industry of the republic for the period 2010 to 2020, the place of the region in the rating of the Volga Federal District for the export of agricultural products by the results of 2020 is determined. Further prerequisites for regional development are identified.
Characteristics of labor resources by types of peasant (farm) households
Authors: Ukolova A. V. , Dashieva B. Sh.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of development and testing of methods for identifying types of peasant (farm) households using the method of equal-frequency grouping and analysis of labor resources based on them. The subject of the study is a system of statistical indicators of peasant (farm) households, the object is a set of peasant (farm) households of three Russian regions with different natural and climatic conditions (the Republic of Buryatia, the Lipetsk region, and the Stavropol region). The source of information was the form of departmental reporting 1-KFH “Information on the production activities of the heads of peasant (farm) households-individual entrepreneurs”. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of a methodology for the typification of peasant (farm) households using the method of equal-frequency grouping, in the justification of a system of indicators for the analysis of the labor resources of peasant (farm) households by the selected types, as well as in the assessment of the impact on the income level of the availability of labour force and of agricultural equipment peasant (farm) households on the basis of the construction of production functions.
Improvement of accounting for depreciation of fixed assets in the sources of their reproduction
Authors: Selezneva I. P. , Selezneva I. A. , Shlyapnikova E. A. , Dzhikiya K. A.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the disclosure of problems and improvement of depreciation of fixed assets as a source of their reproduction. The organizational and methodological aspects that clarify the essence and economic content of depreciation of fixed assets as an accumulated and used source of financing for the renewal and reproduction of fixed assets are considered. Recommendations for improving the structure of the contractual account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”, the financial and productive account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss” in terms of the amount of information reflected on them are proposed. The proposals for rationalizing the accounting of accumulated and used depreciation amounts, retained earnings in financing the renewal and reproduction of fixed assets are identified.
Management accounting as an information base for making management decisions
Authors: Kostyukova E. I. , Germanova V. S. , Bushlina K. Y. , Khoruzhy V. I.
Published: September 2021

This article discusses topical issues of management accounting in agriculture in the form of an information database for making management decisions in the context of economic crisis processes. The main factor of the management accounting system is its economic efficiency, that is, the benefits that are used to use the resources of the management accounting system, through the use of quality resources of the used operational management decisions. Rules for choosing management decisions of agricultural organizations.
Improvement of the management reporting system in the inter-organizational relations of agricultural formations
Authors: Khoruzhy L. I. , Katkov Yu. N. , Romanova A. A.
Published: September 2021

The article, based on the theoretical analysis and study of management reporting practices, presents the place and role of the inter-organizational management reporting system in the system of inter-organizational management accounting in the framework of partner interaction. The composition of management reports of agricultural organizations in the framework of business partnerships is proposed, the advantages of using this composition of reports are identified, and the possible difficulties of implementing such a system of reporting forms are identified. On the example of agricultural enterprises, the structure and content of management reports for use in inter-organizational cooperation are disclosed.
Risk-based approach to building an audit strategy of accounting estimates on personnel costs
Authors: Petukh M. V.
Published: September 2021

The article systematizes and classifies, according to the degree of verifiability, the types of accounting estimates for personnel costs, which make it possible to ensure the rationality of the audit strategy and the effectiveness of procedures in response to the assessed risks.
Pengaruh Promosi, Mutasi Dan Demosi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Di Lingkungan Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan
Authors: Malikhah Ikhah , Ananda Geby Citra
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent to which promotion, transfer and demotion affect employee performance at Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan and to compare the theory that the author has learned with practice in the field. The author examines by collecting various data using library research, structured questionnaires as an instrument to obtain quantitative data with a Likert scale system distributed to 100 respondents. Then the data is processed and analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques (Multiple Regression) through validity, reliability and classical assumption tests. From the results of the study, it is known that promotion, transfer and demotion simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance at the Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan. For the variables of promotion issues, transfer issues and demotion issues, there is a partial influence on employee performance, so it is concluded that demotion dominantly affects employee performance in the Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan.
A physiologically based model to capture species-dependent differences in oxygen distribution in the posterior eye
Authors: German Carrie , Boyer Alex , Przekwas Andrzej , El Bader Suzy , Cabal Antonio
Published: September 2021

Ocular barriers to drug transport make delivery of effective doses to posterior targets exceptionally difficult. Animal models have commonly been used to evaluate drug distribution and penetrability, but translational tools to determine human dosing are lacking. Here we present a framework for modeling interspecies variation by simulating oxygen distribution in the posterior eye, from outer vitreous to the sclera. Posterior eye models of mouse, rabbit, and human are presented with modifications based solely on species-dependent anatomical and physiological differences. The model includes tissue and vascular contributions to transport. In addition to oxygen, nitric oxide and its impact on oxygen metabolism is simulated. Depth-dependent retinal oxygen partial pressure profiles are in good agreement with experimental data for all three species. The model can be further extended to evaluate the variations of retinal oxygenation in response to various drugs, formulations, administration protocols, and treatment plans. Further, this framework of ocular physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models could support animal to human translation, a critical step in the drug development process.
Automatic detection of the cornea location in video captures of fluorescence
Authors: Driscoll Tobin , Braun Richard J. , Begley Carolyn G.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Fluorescence imaging is a valuable tool for studying tear film dynamics andcorneal staining. Automating the quantification of fluorescence images is a challenging necessary step for making connections to mathematical models. A significant partof the challenge is identifying the region of interest, specifically the cornea, for collected data with widely varying characteristics.
Methods: The gradient of pixel intensity at the cornea–sclera limbus is used as the objective of standard optimization to find a circle that best represents the cornea. Results of the optimization in one image are used as initial conditions in the next imageof a sequence. Additional initial conditions are chosen heuristically. The algorithm iscoded in open-source software.
Results: The algorithm was first applied to 514 videos of 26 normal subjects, for a total of over 87,000 images. Only in 12 of the videos does the standard deviation in thedetected corneal radius exceed 1% of the image height, and only 3 exceeded 2%. The algorithm was applied to a sample of images from a second study with 142 dry-eye subjects. Significant staining was present in a substantial number of these images. Visual inspection and statistical analysis show good resuls for both normal and dry-eye images.
Conclusion: The new algorithm is highly effective over a wide range of tear film andcorneal staining images collected at different times and locations.
PRAGMATIC MARKERS IN THE SPOKEN INTERLANGUAGE OF MACEDONIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Kusevska Marija
Published: September 2021

The study presented in this paper is a part of the research project “Developing cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics research and its practical implications”, which is currently being implemented at Goce Delchev University in Shtip, Republic of Macedonia. It investigates the use of pragmatic markers by Macedonian learners of English. Speakers use them to achieve smooth flow of speech and help their interlocutors decode the meaning of their utterances appropriately. We pose two research questions: 1. Do Macedonian learners of English use pragmatic markers in their speech? 2. Do they use the same pragmatic markers as native speakers and with the same frequency? The analysis was carried out on a research corpus compiled for this purpose. The participants were 72 students of English at the Department of English language and literature, Goce Delchev University, Shtip. All students sat the Quick Placement Test and their proficiency level in English was determined. Students with B2 level and above were chosen to participate in the project. Five topics were selected: problems with dogs in our cities, living and working abroad, tattoos and piercings, how much time to spend with a girlfriend/boyfriend, and talking on the phone while sharing time with friends. The preliminary selection of the pragmatic markers to be studied was made on the basis of previous studies of the use of pragmatic markers by native and non-native speakers of English. The following pragmatic markers were selected: and, but, I think, like, yes, yeah, so, just, okay, well, kind of, sort of, actually, I mean, only, you know, anyway, you see, and listen. The results showed that Macedonian learners of English use the same pragmatic markers as native speakers albeit some of them are used with different frequency. The benefits of this research are twofold. First, it gives evidence about how Macedonian student use English for their communicative purposes and how well they can manage conversation. Second, the data collected in this project will be used as a starting point for creating an electronic corpus of the English interlanguage of Macedonian learners.
OBSERVATION ON A CERTAIN GRAMMATICAL HOMONYMY IN BULGARIAN AND EXERCISES TO OVERCOME THE MISTAKES IT CAUSES IN FOREIGN STUDENTS’ SPEECH
Authors: Genova Mariya , Kavrakova Lidiya
Published: September 2021

Developing communicative competence is a main objective in learning Bulgarian as a foreign language. There are two teaching aims in the process, a general one (everyday usage) and special one (academic and professional communication). Bulgarian name system, nouns, adjectives and numerals in particular, proves to be a source of numerous mistakes made by foreigners during their language education. There are certain forms and structures in the morphological system of Bulgarian which foreign students find really hard to acquire. These are of great interest in the light of the repair theory, so that an approach to rectify the mistakes is developed. The present article’s purpose is to examine a grammatical homonymy of word forms with identical inflection “a” with nouns, adjectives and ordinal numbers. Homonymous affixes –а (улица, главна улица, три стола, на стола, трета улица) have entirely different meanings. With nouns, adjectives and ordinal numbers ‘a’’ is an indication for singular feminine, whereas with the masculine it indicates numerical form or definiteness – definite article. This grammatical homonymy induces objectively lexical-grammatical errors due to overgeneralization at the early stage of teaching Bulgarian to foreign students. These homonymous word forms recognition by the students is the basis for lexical-grammatical competence (main parameter, including lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonological and graphological knowledge). To achieve this competence we introduce targeted exercises in identifying and comparing homonymous affixes and their correct usage in sentence construction. According to the generally accepted concept of human cognitive activities, the core of learning is information processing rather than habitualization. Inasmuch as foreign language acquisition requires actively extracting rules from the language input, the knowledge of the presented grammatical homonymy is expected to be applied by students in order to achieve Bulgarian linguistic competence.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING/LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Ramadani Kujtim
Published: September 2021

Language is generally perceived as the medium of communication of ideas and thoughts. Recent technological advancements have aided the processes of language communication. When we speak about technology, we normally refer to computers and digitalization. However, technology indeed refers to anything that is produced, assembled and that makes our lives easier. Social media previously related through television programs of any kind, can now be easily accessed through mobile devices, computers, and video conferencing software. Language teaching and learning in general, and foreign language teaching and learning in particular, have evolved in the digital age, especially as we move from single language users to a more bilingual or even plurilingual society. Foreign language takes on a new meaning in the digital age. With the emergence of Information and Instructional Technologies and their influence on teaching and learning it becomes a must to equip faculty members and students with the necessary skills to handle these developments and utilize their benefits in teaching and learning. The swift development of new technologies and their universal application in education requires innovative methods and approaches in teaching and learning a language in the digital age. This paper provides an overview of how technology has evolved in time and how it contributes to language communication, alongside political, economic and social lines in the Republic of Macedonia in general and at the Southeast European University in particular. The Mission of the University is to seek excellence in teaching and research within the higher education system in the Republic of Macedonia, by offering equal opportunities for all based on impartiality and merit. One of the key elements of the mission of the University includes active cooperation with universities in the Republic of Macedonia as well as with international universities. The main aim under which the university is governed and managed is to contribute to higher education in the Albanian language, through a mutual interethnic understanding and aims to provide a multilingual and multicultural approach to teaching and research by developing study programs according to broad European and international standards. In this respect, we will also focus on the latest trends in the area of language learning in the digital age and the efforts that our university is making in order to keep in step with them, especially through several of its units that have been specifically established with this mission in mind, such as the e-learning center and the language center.
PROMOTING LEARNER AUTONOMY IN EFL CLASSES: EXPERIENCES WITH SEE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Osmani Rufat
Published: September 2021

Language teaching theories and practices give an important role to fostering independence of students who learn English as a Foreign Language. The concept of learner autonomy is currently dealt as a serious objective of many educational curriculums where students are mostly concerned with learning and here the student is competent of his/her own learning whereas the teacher has the role of a guide. Accordingly, in the learning process students are encouraged to have a very active role and are characterized with critical thinking and reflection and they also monitor and evaluate their own learning, make decisions and take independent actions.Language teaching theories and practices give an important role to fostering independence of students who learn English as a Foreign Language. The concept of learner autonomy is currently dealt as a serious objective of many educational curriculums where students are mostly concerned with learning and here the student is competent of his/her own learning whereas the teacher has the role of a guide. Accordingly, in the learning process students are encouraged to have a very active role and are characterized with critical thinking and reflection and they also monitor and evaluate their own learning, make decisions and take independent actions.Whilst in the traditional method the teacher gives the information to the students, in the case of learner autonomy the teacher has the role of the facilitator and supporter and here students take responsibility of their own learning. However, it is the teacher’s duty to reveal the students’ knowledge by assigning various in- class and out of classroom tasks which are classified by students’ language level. This requires reshaping of the traditional way of teaching where teachers do a lot of preparation for their lectures and on the other hand students do a little. In autonomous classes students take charge of their learning, yet teachers create and support the progress of learner autonomy.There is a variety of exercises which can be used in EFL Classes for the purpose of “swapping” roles with theteacher where learners are given the chance to be involved in the selection of activities. Students select activities that match their learning style and interests and are guided to make use of opportunities to use the language in authentic settings.The objectives of this study are: To discover activities that evaluate the autonomous learning capacity of SEE University Basic English Skills students; To discover whether SEE University students are ready for autonomous learning or not; To discover threats that obstruct application of learner autonomy in EFL classes of SEE University students.Data was collected in Basic English Skills classes, offered at the South East European University in Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia, during the academic year 2018-2019. A total number of 53 students, aged 18-25 participated in the study. The qualitative and quantitative methods were used in order to analyze the data collected during the research.
DISCOURSE AND LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RMA INTRODUCTION SECTIONS – A BULGARIAN-ENGLISH COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Dagnev Ivaylo , Saykova Mariya , Yaneva Maya
Published: September 2021

The article seeks to explore the discourse and linguistic means through which the Introduction section of Research Medical Articles (RMA) achieve their goals. For that purpose, we have analyzed 207 original RMA in Bulgarian and 129 in English. The articles have been excerpted from prestigious Bulgarian and high-ranking impact factor English language journals. Four major rhetorical moves have been found to guide the discourse flow in the Introduction sections in both corpora – Bulgarian Corps (BC) and English-language Corps (EC). These are: Move 1 - Introducing the general topic; Move 2: Move 2 – Transition to specific topic; Move 3: Move 3 – Identifying a gap and Move 4 – Aim of research. In connection with the realization of the rhetorical objectives of the Introduction section, basic lexical means have been identified and presented. We used the concept metaterm introduced by Mavrodieva and Tisheva (Mavrodieva and Tisheva 2014). We divided the metaterms into general and specific. It has been proven that a certain type of polysemous nouns are of particular importance in the medical context and can therefore be considered as specific metaterms. In both corpora, a number of variable and unchangeable parts of speech have been discovered that are typical of the RMA. Essential to the cohesion and coherence of texts are the so-called high-frequency words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, adverbs, collocations and colligations. Regarding Tense and Voice, it has been pointed out that in line with the tradition of the Bulgarian scientific discourse community, the main tense is the so-called Generalized Present Tense (Uslozhneno segashno vreme), whereas in the English-language Corps these are Present Simple and Present Perfect. As for Voice, the BC articles make use mostly of Active Voice, while Passive Voice is used to refer to problems in focus and with impersonal constructions. A peculiar feature of scientific texts in Bulgarian is the use of reflexive verbs with the particle se. The specificity of the sentence structure in the Introduction includes the so-called in Bulgarian linguistics “complicated simple sentences”, including many pre and post modifiers, heavy complementation, as well as compound and complex sentences. Some of the most important discursive elements of this section of RMA are also analyzed. The comparison is direct between the two corpora, and the elements under scrutiny cover such aspects of discourse as hedging and, discourse markers (DM). With regard to the first element, hedging, from a theoretical point of view, it is important to emphasize that hedge structures are a form of the author's Ethos and identity, its degree of presence in the text. We have noted the role of DM as linking devices in the text, marking the boundaries of Steps and Moves in the RMA and indicating a change in the information flow and in the authors’ stance.
THE NOUNS CREATED BY REDUCING IN THE DICTIONARY OF BULGARIAN LANGUAGE BY NAYDEN GEROV
Authors: Baeva Albena
Published: September 2021

Nayden Gerov's dictionary is a subject of lingering interest on the part of linguists with their wealth of lexical thesaurus. The article discusses the nouns of nouns created by abbreviations in the Dictionary of Nayden Gerov. The aim is to give an overview of these names, with some peculiarities. In the verb correlation - derived noun is essentially the abstract meaning of the derivative, but sometimes the correspondence is "disturbed" when another meaning occurs. An overview of the inventory of these names also shows the distancing of the modern language from their use.
LANGUAGE CHALLENGES IN ASPECT-BASED SENTIMENT ANALYSIS: A REVIEW OF ALBANIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Axhiu Majlinda
Published: September 2021

Beside the advantages of the typical sentiment analysis, which focuses on predicting the positive or negative polarity of the given sentence(s), there are two main drawbacks of performing sentiment analysis on higher level, namely on sentence and document level. Firstly, gaining the overall sentiment of a sentence or a paragraph may not lead to accurate and precise information. The polarity will be valid for a broader context and not for particular targets. Secondly, many sentences or paragraphs may have opposing polarities towards different targets. This makes it difficult or impossible to give an accurate overall polarity. The necessity for detecting aspect terms and their corresponding polarity gave rise to aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA). To meet the objectives of aspect-based sentiment analysis systems, the process can be summarized in three main tasks: Aspect Term Extraction, Aspect-term and Opinion-word Separation and Sentiment Polarity Classification. Most commonly, supervised learning approaches are used for ABSA. However, having to build the tagged training and testing corpora for each language and each domain is highly time consuming and can often be achieved only manually. This is why we have used a semi-supervised model for designing a language- and domain-independent system that is based on novel machine learning approaches through which we are focused on analyzing Albanian texts and make use of Albanian data in the digital world. In this approach where we try to extract the aspects and the polarity of their corresponding opinions through almost unsupervised learning, the biggest challenge is to reach high accuracy in natural language processing. In order to achieve this, in language-independent systems there must be taken into consideration all the differences and similarities of the languages. In this paper our aim is to define the biggest challenges that appear in Albanian language in comparison with English; and after analyzing certain amount of data, we have identified the following issues: inflections, negation, homonyms, dialects, irony, sarcasm and stop-words’ presence in aspect terms. This is not an exhaustive list of the language issues, since we have selected and discussed only the ones that have greater impact in the process of extracting the aspect-terms and opinions, and can highly affect the accuracy of the final polarity classification of the texts.
THE USE OF THE TEXT IN THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE DIDACTICS
Authors: Lika Aterda , Kazazi Lindita
Published: September 2021

In the didactics of the foreign language, the notion of text is very important as it favors success in language teaching. All the linguistic-communicative contents are based on a wide array of texts that will have to respond to the needs of the students. Our work presents the importance of choosing the texts in the didactic of the Italian language, focusing on the concept of the text, the presentation of the various types of text also analyzing the various criterians of textuality. Analyzing the characteristics of the texts in the didactic field our contribution underlines the analysis of the learners' needs which leads us to consider the various texts to be used in a language course. Some important considerations in this context are the nature of the learner, his age, his culture of origin, the training needs and his linguistic and communicative competence. The focus is also on the analysis of the texts that we find in some Italian books that are used in our schools and in our language courses.
FATHER FIGURES IN SELECTED SHAKESPEARE’S WORKS
Authors: Doko Fatbardha
Published: September 2021

Shakespeare and his works are widely analyzed and studied, however, you can always find something to discuss about or study, since Shakespeare’s works are always challenging and attractive. This time my focus is on the father figures that appear in some of his greatest works, like King Hamlet and Polonius in Hamlet, Barbantio in Othello, Lord Capulet in Romeo and Juliet, King Lear and Gloucester in King Lear, Leonato in Much Ado About Nothing, Shylock in The Merchant of Venice, etc. Actually, this paper aims to give an insight and compare the major characters as fathers. It covers an analysis of father-son relationship and the father-daughter relationship, fathers’ attitude towards their children, the influence they have in the life of their children, their love and authority, expectations, their image in the eyes of their children and so on. Each and every one of these characters has a specific relationship with their child; they are all authoritative, some more and some less, they are proud and they influence their children’s lives by accepting their decisions or not, by requesting very important and delicate tasks from them, by deciding themselves for their children, etc. Focusing on the issue of authority, power and ownership, the article aims at showing how stereotypical social and gender roles resonate with various political and social contexts of power. However, the paper will also analyze the dreams, duty, as well as defiance children have, show or express towards their fathers. A special importance in this paper is given to the relationships between fathers and daughters, having in mind the social position women had at that time, the role they had in their families etc. In these relationships, it is clearly that there is more likely to find a tyrannical possessiveness in excess of normal parental affection in the father's behaviour—or, as the case may be, a capriciousness, coldness, or disloyalty unwarranted by the daughter's exemplary conduct, which in fact results in the creation or not of a father figure in these plays. Namely, it is clear that Shakespeare depicted the struggle and entanglement of a father character who realizes the lonely emptiness he has to face after fulfilling the happiness of his child. As I mentioned, no matter the uniqueness of these relationships that are presented between parents and children, we can find some similarities as well, as many of the plays depict the same situations but with similar circumstances. Consequently, I hope that this paper will be just a small contribution in the field of literature and that future scholars will find it useful in their further studies and analysis of Shakespeare’s works, which is really a never-ending ‘struggle.’
MORTALITY FEARS OF SOFRONIY VRACHANSKI
Authors: Baeva Albena
Published: September 2021

The autobiographical work of Sofroniy Vrachanski is a remarkable work from the age of the early Bulgarian revival. Subject of the article are the stylistic features of the remarkable autobiography of Sofroniy Vrachanski "Life and suffering sinful Sofronia". The stylistic expression of fear and its associated expressions is the stylistic essence of the work. We use the notion of a stylistic essence in the sense in which Leo Spitzer uses it.
RESURRECTION, SACRIFICE AND INCEST IN THE ALBANIAN AND THE ENGLISH BALLADS: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Isaki Fatmire
Published: September 2021

Resurrection, sacrifice and incest as motifs can be found in the literatures of all nations. Even though, they are at the root of any creation of folk cultures, in each culture, these motifs appear with special features. The aim of this paper is through examples to show how these three motifs were treated in ballads of two different literatures, the English and the Albanian. Our objective is through a comparative approach to find the similarities and differences between them. We decided to analyze at least two ballads for each of the motives, coming from English and the Albanian literatures. The concrete research has three main steps: a) to show the particular characteristics of each ballad, b) to find the meeting points between them, and, c) to find what makes them different. After all the analysis we did we concluded that there are some differences between them and that they have some specific characteristics. But the most specific thing is that although these ballads belong to two different nations and cultures they have some meeting points. The main method of research will be the comparative method because we explore songs of two different literatures.
THE PORTRAIT OF THE AMERICAN WOMAN IN MARGARET MITCHELL'S NOVEL "GONE WITH THE WIND"
Authors: Ameti Lirije
Published: September 2021

This theme, The Portrait of the American Woman in Margaret Mitchell's Novel " Gone With The Wind " is broad, challenging, interesting and among many contradictory to one another's point of view, at different social grounds , periods of time simply or merely of the fact that a female writer of this tremendous saga read mostly by women represents multi dimensional themes. It is an interweave of tradition, history , war, social classes, Reconstruction, transition and more. All these and many other themes written with a masterful disciplined imagination put in the longest novel in history. A masterpiece of 1037 pages published in 1939 and subsequently in the greatest and longest motion picture on screen. Piling up records and building it's own history and legends. The novel has sold in more than 25 million copies in at least 27 languages in thirty countries and in more than 185 editions according to the research conducted in 2004. These figures continue to increase, not to mention that the film is seen by more individuals than the total population of the USA. GWTW has grown and conflated into a phenomenon of American and later into a phenomenon of levels of basic appreciation after international popular culture. Thus criticism was attested at the levels of basic appreciation , often in the opposite poles of love and /or hate , the evaluation again in bipolar terms of praise and / or scorn. On the popular level the book was lauded and in the literary world it was defamed. Mitchell's novel " Gone With The Wind " was seen as important symbols of American culture forces. A serious biography in 1965 sparked reconsiderations simply by the assumption of Mitchell's importance as a writer. Other re- evaluations followed which asserted the literary quality of the work, notably in feminist terms. Attesting the qualities that critics wrote such as Michener who said: " The spiritual history of a region". Many other scholarly papers have been undertaken to attack it and completed to praise it. Because of the enormous popularity , readability , embodiment of the heroine woman character Scarlett O'Hara with many other women who saw themselves in those situations or experienced the same then or even nowadays. These multi themes to discuss about, issues primarily of women, the novel is defined as a woman's literary artistic achievement, seen through the eyes off a woman Scarlett herself and many other women characters. Is seen the distinction of the past and present of the old and new society. Mitchell herself says it is about courage and gumption to change as a necessity in order to survive war, reconstruction and transition. The search of survival by poor and nearly defeated young women who had no control or capacity to understand these tensions. Indeed this novel has become an icon of the US culture.
ASPECTS OF NARRATIVE IN THE PROSE OF WRITER PETRO MARKO
Authors: Voulis Antela
Published: September 2021

Petro Marko is considered by critics as one of the founders of modern Albanian prose. Scientific assessments of Petro Markos's creativity are mainly based on long and short prose, in the form of genuine critical studies, short predictions, comments and analyzes. There are papers of this nature written by scholars such as: Floresha Dado, Adriatik Kallulli, Bashkim Kuçuku, Ali Aliu, Robert Elsie and many others. The subject matter of these articles varies from simple information to moments of writer's life, to genuine studies and analysis regarding interpretation and explanation of different elements of the structure of his literary works. In this case, we would like to highlight an article written by the author Bashkim Kuçuku, namely the novel "A name on four streets". In this particular paper, Kucuku discusses the symbolism of the novel’s title, that even in its metaphorical form didn’t escape the punishment of dictatorship censure, closely connected with the tragic fate that followed Petro Marko. And by doing so the researcher gives us a detailed insight of the connection between his work and a broader background of Marco’s biography. In this context together with the detailed analysis of the novel’s title we will find the key point that paves the way for penetrating the original metaphor and symbolism of the story. According to Kuçuku, Petro Marko is a dignified, idealist, as well a stoic writer for justice and social equality. Is precisely this book, "A name in four ways", that definitely portrays the fore mentioned author as one of the leading writers of prose in Albania and this work one of the most distinguished among the others. It is the aim of this study to harmonize the internal narrative analysis to the prose style with poetic expression of all Petro Mario’s creative work.
LANGUAGE AND STYLE IN THE PROSE OF PETRO MARKOS
Authors: Voulis Antela
Published: September 2021

Styles is a writer's own way, the style is the writer himself. Styles regulates the organization of ideas, mountains of work, but, in general, the narrowest concept of style is the use of language. From this point of view, one can say that every writer has his own style. With the help of petro marko, the studios are ready to be used for the classifier and they are energy-intensive. Being the language itself is a creature of the author, it expresses in itself its cultural heritage. Petro marko mimics ordinary talk, introducing and making his own, perfectly perfect, spells, characteristics of spoken language phrases. The language used in the confession is mainly the language of the people. The novel "a four-way name" authored using the spoken language of the village of dhërmi, but also the expression of the literary language, creating words and expressions with ingenuity and subtlety. It is not a novel, "hasta la vista" and "the last city" he also extensively uses spanish, italian or other languages, giving the story a great force of expression and originality, and at the same time approaching the reader even more with the character or story to which it relates.
MOST COMMON PROBLEMS THE INTERPRETERS FACE WHILE WORKING WITH MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Zdravkovska Emilija
Published: September 2021

Modern interpretation begins in the 20th century and for the first time is used in the Nuremberg process. Today, interpretation is essential for the European Union, the United Nations, NATO and other similar international organizations. The interpreters are the ones that enable the dialogue between countries on a global scale. In other words, they play a role in the creation of world history. The aim of this paper is to explain why medical terminology is so challenging for the interpreters, what are the problems that arise during the interpretation and how the interpreter handles them. For that purpose a survey was conducted to address the problems encountered in interpreting medical terminology. The survey was conducted on 19 respondents. The questionnaire is compiled in accordance with the research topic. The conducted research was analyzed according to 4 criteria: age, sex, work experience in the field of interpretation, and the technique of interpretation that they practice. The results show that among the respondents, gender does not play any role and that in both men and women the pre-knowledge of the topic is the biggest challenge for them. According to work experience as interpreters, and according to the interpretation technique they use, pre-knowledge of the topic is the most common response among the respondents. The largest percentage of interpreters aged 26 to 30 have answered that the nomenclature is their biggest problem, while respondents from other age groups have responded that pre-knowledge is theirs. The conclusion is that medical terminology is one of the most difficult to adopt because of the extent of the material, the complicity of the terms and the pre-knowledge that the interpreter must have to do his job. The pre-knowledge is what the interpreters consider as the biggest problem while working with medical therminology. For this purpose, the interpreter must read a lot, research and keep pace with all news in the field of medicine.
THE TERMINOLOGY OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY- A CONTRASTIVE ENGLISH-BULGARIAN STUDY
Authors: Zheleva Zlatina , Petrova Svetla
Published: September 2021

The goal of terminology from its very beginning, and especially that of specialized medical or technical terminology, has been to establish and facilitate professional communication. The development of terminology and its theory is a long and difficult process, from its very beginning scientists of all fields have been trying to work out a unified system for term formation which would apply to all sciences and fields of science. The ‘fathers’ of the contemporary General Terminological Theory (GTT) were the Austrian scholar Wüster and the Russian scholar Lote, both working on terminology of engineering, and their goal was to create an unambiguous terminology which would enhance professional and scientific communication. The issue of internationalization was brought up and was one of the guiding principles in terminology formation. In medical terminology this issue is partly resolved due to the Greek and Latin origins of terms and concepts which are used in most countries throughout the world. Since English borrows most of its terms from Latin and Greek and since it has come to be the international language in the medical field, this has made scientific communication easier. However, these terms refer mainly to anatomical and clinical terms and do not include the new terminological entities which occur due to the constant development of the field. The present article aims at conducting a contrastive linguistic study of the terminology of paediatric dentistry and exploring the differences and similarities in English and Bulgarian languages. The materials used are textbooks from the field of paediatric dentistry used in the education of university students at Medical University-Plovdiv. Terminology discussed encompasses both anatomical and clinical entities and studies the origins, the manner of term formation in both languages and the manner in which English dental medical terminology influences the Bulgarian one. Terminology is classified according to the manner of its formation in the source language- English and the changes which it undergoes in being translated or transliterated into the other language- Bulgarian. The terms are discussed from the point of view of types of word formation such as derivation, compounding, which prevail in the already established terms which derive from Greek and Latin, and the forming of multi-word phrases which prevails nowadays and leads to the use of abbreviations. What is interesting is the use of the latter in contemporary medical literature in Bulgarian and the manner in which nouns, verbs etc. are directly borrowed from English and transliterated. The constant development of new medical terms and their usage in other languages is an ongoing and continuous process and it presents a challenge to the scientists who use it, the translators who work with texts and linguists who are interested in the principles of language development.
THE BULGARIAN FOLKLORE SONG - MODERNITY, TRANSFORMATION AND VIEW TO THE FUTURE
Authors: Koteterova-Dobreva Binka
Published: September 2021

The last decades are time of dynamic changes in folk music, which is a part of contemporary Bulgarian musical culture. Singer's performing art related to Bulgarian musical folklore is the part of Bulgarian culture that makes it recognizable and valued in the world. Thus, the Bulgarian folk song presented by its contemporary performers is perceived simultaneously as one of the oldest and most local manifestations of art in the cultural world, and as well as an artefact and a value, one of the most modern and global manifestations of the shared cultural heritage of humanity. The Bulgarian folklore, with its specificity and characteristics, develops on the land of the Bulgarian ethnos and it was formed on a space in Southeastern Europe, which far exceeds the state borders of present-day Bulgaria. Bearers of this culture are as numerous diasporas in southern Russia, in Ukraine and Moldavia, as well as Bulgarian settlers in the Banat region of present-day Romania, population in Bosilegrad, Dimitrovgrad and the surrounding villages in present-day Serbia. Why is it so important to preserve and rediscover our folk song, to develop it as art, concert policy, media content, educational practices, market mechanisms? Bulgarian folk song contains every single human experience, every emotion, the history of past and present generations, wisdom, folly, heroism, cunning, love, hate, faith, hope, kindness ... It is a mystical memory, a philosophy of life, a way to understand the spiritual and the eternal. The folklore song is both old and modern; simultaneously our, local and common, global; because it reflects our cultural identity and makes us unique and recognizable in the world; because it is one of the strongest manifestations of the human, the aesthetic, the moral. Imagine that you are listening to a favorite folk song: the power of words pierces the brain, the melody caresses and warms the heart, the magic of the song carries you like a time machine backwards, in the memory of the Golden Ages of harmonious worlds and forward, in the dreamed better worlds... Without the folk song, our Bulgarian world will not be the same because our Bulgarian folk song is bread, life, history, past, present and future.