bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Parameters in Tobacco Substance Abusers
Authors: Bhavsar Rashmi , Shah Vandana , Bhavasar Rahul , Ajith Namratha A. , Toshniwal Pawan , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Alsharif Khalaf F. , Alzahrani Fuad M. , Halawani Ibrahim F. , Raj A. Thirumal , Reda Rodolfo , Testarelli Luca , Bhandi Shilpa
Published: October 2023

Background: Tobacco use by youth is ever-demanding, and it is increasingly distributed not only in India but also globally. Saliva is a complex oral bio-fluid, freely available, performing absolute tasks for maintaining oral health and homeostasis. It contains a plethora of significant constituents such as proline-rich proteins (PRPs), immunoglobulins, IgA, enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidases, amylase, etc. The basic ecological balance of the oral cavity is stabilized via salivary clearance by reduced aggregation and adherence of microorganisms by direct microbial activity. This balance of oral activity is also done by indirect mechanisms by immunological as well as non-immunological means and also by effectively regulating salivary pH flow rate. This institutional observational study was planned to assess and compare salivary parameters (pH, salivary flow rate), total proteins, α-amylase, calcium, phosphate, and IgA, of unstimulated whole saliva of both tobacco abusers and tobacco non-users. Methods: The Study consisted of 270 participants (Tobacco habit) group, n = 135 and Control (Healthy) group, n = 135 and were in the age range of 20–50 years. They were assessed for oral health status, followed by the analysis of salivary pH, flow rate, total proteins, amylase, calcium, phosphates, and IgA of unstimulated whole saliva. Results: Comparative evaluation of salivary parameters among groups found that varying tobacco abusers had increased salivary amylase, protein levels, and phosphate whereas decreased salivary pH, flow rate, IgA, and in the whole unstimulated saliva samples than those of non-tobacco users. This difference among groups was statistically significant. (p < 0.05), and calcium levels were not altered significantly. Conclusions: This study concludes that salivary parameters are altered in tobacco abusers when compared to those of non-abusers, and it was more significant in smokeless tobacco abusers than in any other form of tobacco abuse.
Unveiling the Impact of Thiophanate-Methyl on Arthrospira platensis: Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Biomolecules, and Detoxification Enzyme Activities
Authors: Touzout Nabil , Ainas Mahfoud , Alloti Rabia , Boussahoua Chahinez , Douma Aicha , Hassein-Bey Amel Hind , Brara Zahia , Tahraoui Hichem , Zhang Jie , Amrane Abdeltif
Published: October 2023

Background: The intensive and injudicious use of pesticides in agriculture has emerged as a major concern due to its detrimental impact on aquatic ecosystems. However, the specific impact of broad-spectrum fungicides, such as Thiophanate-methyl (TM), on cyanobacteria remains a subject of ongoing research and debate. Methods: In order to fill this knowledge gap, The present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the toxicological effects of TM (10–30 µg/L) on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress, and biochemical composition of the non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Results: Our findings unequivocally demonstrated that TM exposure significantly inhibited the growth of A. platensis. Moreover, the decrease in chlorophyll content indicated a pronounced negative impact on the photosynthetic system of A. platensis caused by TM exposure. Notably, TM induced oxidative stress in A. platensis, as substantiated by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) within the culture. Furthermore, the intracellular generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited a positive correlation with higher TM dosages, while the levels of vital antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), exhibited a discernible decrease. This suggests that TM compromises the antioxidant defense mechanisms of A. platensis. Additionally, TM was found to enhance the activity of a plethora of enzymes involved in the detoxification of pesticides, including peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), thereby indicating a robust detoxification response by A. platensis. Interestingly, exposure to TM resulted in a general suppression of biocomponent production, such as total proteins and total carbohydrates, which exhibited a diminishing trend with increasing TM concentration. Conversely, the lipid content witnessed a significant increase, possibly as an adaptive response to TM-induced stress. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the ecological implications of pesticide usage and emphasize the urgent need for the adoption of sustainable and environmentally-friendly agricultural practices to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yao Yiting , Liu Hanyu , Wang Wenli , Zhang Qi , Wang Di , Wu Zifeng , Hu Suwan , Liu Cunming , Yang Chun , He Teng , Huang Chaoli
Published: October 2023

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a general term for cognitive impairment that negatively affects multiple domains, including memory, concentration, and physical functioning. Numerous articles have been published on PND; however, only a few quantitative analyses covering this disorder have been published. Methods and Materials: To clarify PND’s developmental history, research foci, and future directions, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using the bibliometric tools VOSviewer and CiteSpace. A total of 4704 publications were obtained from the Web of Science database, including annual publications and trends, keywords, institutions, journals, and collaboration between countries/regions and authors. Results: In addition, we found that neuroinflammation is a hotspot in recent studies. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis provides a broad overview of studies in the field of PND.
Updates on Improving Imaging Modalities for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Alberts Amelia , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: October 2023

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that traumatic brain injury (TBI) was related to over 64,000 deaths in the United States in 2020, equating to more than 611 TBI-related hospitalizations and 176 TBI-related deaths per day. There are both long- and short-term sequelae involved with the pathophysiology of TBI that can range from mild to severe. Recently, more effort has been devoted to understanding the long-term consequences of TBI and how early detection of these injuries can prevent late clinical manifestations. Obtaining proper, detailed imaging is key to guiding the direction of intervention, but there is a gap in the understanding of how TBI imaging can be used to predict and prevent the long-term morbidities seen with even mild forms of TBI. There have been significant strides in the advancement of TBI imaging that allows for quicker, more affordable, and more effective imaging of intracranial bleeds, axonal injury, tissue damage, and more. Despite this, there is still room for improved standardization and more data supporting the justification of using certain imaging modalities. This review aims to outline recent advancements in TBI imaging and areas that require further investigation to improve patient outcomes and minimize the acute and chronic comorbidities associated with TBI.
Pressure Pulsatility Links Cardio-Respiratory and Brain Rhythmicity
Authors: Hamill Owen P.
Published: October 2023

This article presents evidence indicating that intracranial pressure (ICP) pulsatility, associated with the heartbeat and breathing, is not just a source of mechanical artefact in electrical recordings, but is “sensed” and plays a role in the brain’s information processing. Patch-clamp recording of pressure-activated channels, and detection of Piezo2-protein channel expression in brain neurons, suggest that these channels provide neurons with an intrinsic resonance to ICP pulsatility, which acts to synchronize remote neural networks. Direct measurements in human patients indicate that heartbeat and breathing rhythms generate intracranial forces of tens of millinewtons, exceeding by orders of magnitude the localized forces shown by atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers to activate Piezo channels in isolated neocortical and hippocampal neurons. Additionally, many human touch and proprioceptors, which are also transduced by Piezo channels, show spiking that is phase-locked to heartbeat- and breathing-induced extracranial pressure pulsations. Finally, based on the observation that low-frequency oscillations modulate the phase and amplitude of high-frequency oscillations, body and brain oscillations are proposed to form a single hierarchical system in which the heartbeat is the basic frequency and scaling factor for all other oscillations. Together, these results support the idea that ICP pulsatility may be elemental in modulating the brain’s electrical rhythmicity.
AGL-Net: An Efficient Neural Network for EEG-Based Driver Fatigue Detection
Authors: Fang Weijie , Tang Liren , Pan Jiahui
Published: October 2023

Background: In recent years, road traffic safety has become a prominent issue due to the worldwide proliferation of vehicles on roads. The challenge of driver fatigue detection involves balancing the efficiency and accuracy of the detection process. While various detection methods are available, electroencephalography (EEG) is considered the gold standard due to its high precision in terms of detecting fatigue. However, deep learning models for EEG-based fatigue detection are limited by their large numbers of parameters and low computational efficiency levels, making it difficult to implement them on mobile devices. Methods: To overcome this challenge, an attention-based Ghost-LSTM neural network (AGL-Net) is proposed for EEG-based fatigue detection in this paper. AGL-Net utilizes an attention mechanism to focus on relevant features and incorporates Ghost bottlenecks to efficiently extract spatial EEG fatigue information. Temporal EEG fatigue features are extracted using a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. We establish two types of models: regression and classification models. In the regression model, we use linear regression to obtain regression values. In the classification model, we classify features based on the predicted values obtained from regression. Results: AGL-Net exhibits improved computational efficiency and a more lightweight design than existing deep learning models, as evidenced by its floating-point operations per second (FLOPs) and Params values of 2.67 M and 103,530, respectively. Furthermore, AGL-Net achieves an average accuracy of approximately 87.3% and an average root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 0.0864 with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED)-VIG fatigued driving dataset, indicating its advanced performance capabilities. Conclusions: The experiments conducted with the SEED-VIG dataset demonstrate the feasibility and advanced performance of the proposed fatigue detection method. The effectiveness of each AGL-Net module is verified through thorough ablation experiments. Additionally, the implementation of the Ghost bottleneck module greatly enhances the computational efficiency of the model. Overall, the proposed method has higher accuracy and computational efficiency than prior fatigue detection methods, demonstrating its considerable practical application value.
A classical glimpse into black hole holography, degrees of freedom reduction and information emission
Authors: Review Blind
Published: October 2023

Simple classical theory intuitions for black hole holography are offered. According to classical gravity, the entire trajectory of some worldlines inside a black hole occurs simultaneously at the same time as observed by an external observer. This suggests that from an external observer point of view, there is to be spacetime degrees of freedom reduction for the black hole interior, which allows for a mechanism of black hole information emission via elimination of singularities. Trivial or non-trivial, it is not classicality that poses a problem for black hole information emission. While quantum gravity would still be necessary to resolve the black hole information problem, classical intuitions can nevertheless provide useful firsthand knowledge for understanding black hole information emission.
A Portable low-cost Device to Quantify Advective Gas Fluxes from Mofettes into the Lower Atmosphere: First Application to Starzach Mofettes (Germany)
Authors: Büchau Yann , Leven Carsten , Bange Jens
Published: October 2023

In this study, we introduce a portable low-cost device for in situ gas emission measurement from focused point sources of CO2, such as mofettes. We assess the individual sensors' precision with calibration experiments and perform an independent verification of the system's ability to measure gas flow rates in the range of liters per second. The results from one week of continuous CO2 flow observation from a wet mofette at the Starzach site is presented and correlated with the ambient meteorological dynamics. In the observed period, the gas flow rate of the examined mofette exhibits a dominant cycle of around four seconds that is linked to the gas rising upwards through a water column. We find the examined mofette to have a daily emission of 465kg±16%. Furthermore, two events were observed that increased the flow rate abruptly by around 25% within only a few minutes and a decaying period of 24 hours. These types of events were previously observed by others at the same site but dismissed as measurement errors. We discuss these events as a hydrogeological phenomenon similar to cold-water geyser eruptions. For meteorological events like the passages of high pressure fronts with steep changes in atmospheric pressure, we do not see a significant correlation between atmospheric parameters and the rate of gas exhalation in our one-week time frame, suggesting that on short timescales the atmospheric pumping effect plays a minor role for wet mofettes at the Starzach site.
A Multiverse Assessment of the Reliability of the Self Matching Task as a Measurement of the Self-Prioritization Effect
Authors: Liu Zheng , Hu Mengzhen , Zheng Yuan-Rui , Sui Jie , Chuan-Peng Hu
Published: October 2023

The Self Matching Task (SMT) is widely used to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying the Self-Prioritization Effect (SPE), wherein performance is enhanced for self- associated stimuli compared to other-associated ones. Although the SMT robustly elicits the SPE, there is a lack of quantifying the reliability of this paradigm. This ignorance is problematic, given the prevalence of the reliability paradox in cognitive tasks: many well-established cognitive tasks demonstrate relatively low reliability when used to evaluate individual differences, despite exhibiting replicable effects at the group level. To fill this gap, this preregistered study investigated the reliability of SPE derived from the SMT using a multiverse approach, combining all possible indicators and baselines reported in the literature. We first examined the robustness of 24 SPE measures across 42 datasets (N = 2250) using a meta- analytical approach. We then calculated the Split-Half Reliability (r) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2) for each SPE measure. Our findings revealed a robust group-level SPE across datasets. However, when evaluating individual differences, SPE indices derived from Reaction Time (RT) and Efficiency exhibited relatively higher, compared to other SPE indices, but still unsatisfied split-half reliability (approximately 0.5). For the reliability across multiple time points, as assessed by ICC2, RT and Efficiency demonstrated moderate levels of test-retest reliability (close to 0.5). These findings revealed the presence of a reliability paradox in the context of SMT-based SPE assessment. We discussed the implications of how to enhance individual-level reliability using this paradigm for future study design.
Naród: wspólnota wyobrażona. Jan Rompski do Kaszubów
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Jabłoński Artur
Published: October 2023

The book analyses and attempts to reconstruct the notion of the Kashubian nation as imagined by Jan Rompski (1913-1969) – writer, national activist and ethnographer. Rompski, founder of the Zrzeszińce political and literary group, envisioned the Kashubian identity as a collection of features from an open set encompassing in particular: territory, language, culture, and civic sense. Intertwined with the discussion of Rompski’s views are modern Kashubian identity discourses that serve to confront his narrative with ways in which Kashubian identity is imagined today.
Science virale : comment la COVID-19 a changé la représentation médiatique de la science
Authors: Claveau François , Roy Jean-Hugues , Santerre Olivier
Published: October 2023

Background: Media representations of science have changed little over the past few decades, despite numerous calls for their enrichment.

Analysis: The shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has changed how the media represent science. This computational analysis of two large samples (news articles and Facebook posts) from French language news media in Canada describes and quantifies these changes.

Conclusions and implications: Science has been more present in the media. It has generated more public interactions. It has become more associated with political regulation and more explicitly uncertain. Indeed, the authors measure a 20 to 25 percent shift on these variables.
ЭЛЕКТРОСИЛЬНОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ
Authors: Камлия Р. А.
Published: October 2023

This work is devoted to the theoretical research of the electrical interaction between two dipoles having revealed "dipole effect", and studies of the electrical interactions in neutron-neutron and neutron-proton doublet of atomic nuclei. The possible structures of neutron-neutron and neutron-proton doublets were revealed. Research has shown that the strong nuclear interaction of nucleons is electrical in nature. The analysis of the possible reasons of discrepancies between theoretical calculations and experimentally obtained results of the binding energy of paired nucleons was executed. The plausible reasons for the existence of isomers are expressed.
Black hat SEO y otras técnicas poco éticas: evolución y situación actual
Authors:   Universitat de Barcelona, Alcaraz-Martínez Rubén
Published: October 2023

Black hat SEO is almost as old as the discipline on which it acts. It is designed to im-prove the visibility of a website in search engine results by using unethical methods, by exploiting technical weaknesses or by exploiting its ranking factors. Black hat SEO has evolved at the same pace as search engine algorithms, reacting to the measures implemented by search engines to prevent it. Techniques such as keyword spam-ming, fraudulent link acquisition, content hiding or cloaking have become more so-phisticated in order to avoid penalties. In parallel, some websites take advantage of the limitations of search engines to detect certain unethical practices, positioning irrelevant, misleading, or low-quality content, to the detriment of users.
Examining The Use of ChatGPT in Financial Markets with Swot Analysis
Authors: GÜRSOY Samet , DOĞAN Mesut
Published: October 2023

ChatGPT is a derivative of the GPT model and is an artificial intelligence technology used in the field of natural language processing. This model is used to generate appropriate responses to the user's text-based input by pre-training large amounts of text. The aim of this study is to examine the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of using ChatGPT in financial markets by performing a SWOT analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that ChatGPT has potential advantages in financial analysis and decision-making processes. ChatGPT offers fast and direct communication, instant data analysis and personalized investment recommendations. These features can help investors track market movements and create personal investment strategies. At the same time, predicting future price movements by analyzing large amounts of data can ensure effective and efficient use in financial markets.
Rural everyday life of Central Kazakhstan in the post-war decade: demographic aspects of the population
Authors:   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Abdrakhmanova K.K.
Published: October 2023

The study of the problem of the Soviet peasantry in the post-war decade in modern historiography is actualized in the conditions of fundamental changes associated with the opening of access to new archival documents. Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in historical science in the phenomenon of everyday life of the Soviet people, including the peasantry. The 1940s and 1950s went down in the history of our country as years of serious socio-economic and political changes: the consequences of the Great Patriotic War, deportations, large-scale industrial and transport construction, etc., which entailed profound demographic changes in the life of the rural population of Central Kazakhstan. The article is devoted to the analysis of a complex problems related to the demography of the population in rural areas of Central Kazakhstan during the post-war period.
Some questions of historical geography in the scientific heritage of Academician V.В. Barthold
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, D.С. Smagulov , B.Е. Kumekov
Published: October 2023

The article considers the importance of the scientific branch of historical geography based on the work of Academician V.B. Barthold, who is the founder of the historical geography of Central Asia. Before proceeding to the consideration of historical and geographical works of the scientist, the authors analyzed the specifics of historical geography and the place of the subject in the modern world. This study compares different definitions of the subject, given by representatives of historical and geographical sciences. Besides, the main attention is paid to the methods of research and sources of historical geography. The authors of the article reveal the relevance of the issues of historical geography in the scientific heritage of the scientist orientalist, Academician V.В. Barthold. Among them, the author describes the confluence of the Amu Darya River with the Caspian Sea, the development of irrigation systems in Turkestan and the relationship between society and nature, the impact on these objects in the Middle Ages. Also, the article considers the arguments of V.В. Barthold based on various written sources and describes the confirmation of his judgment by archeological finds of later period. Thus, the authors point to the importance of historical and geographical research in modern science
Landscapes of the Middle Ages: Fernand Braudel on the problem of nomadism in the medieval world of the Mediterranean
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, Shlyupikov M.V. , Shlyupikova M.M.
Published: October 2023

The scientific heritage of Fernand Braudel, the outstanding French scientist and the recognized leader of the second generation of the historical school “Annales”, continues to be of great historiographical interest. However, not all aspects of his research have been adequately evaluated. The authors of this study examine the conceptual approaches of F. Braudel to the history of interaction between man and nature in the Mediterranean and adjacent regions through the problem of nomadism. The method of considering this issue corresponds to the basic principles of historiographic research: Identifying the author’s substantive position by analyzing his works, characterizing the source base and methods of criticizing the sources used. Braudel’s nomadism is not only a phenomenon of the steppes of Central Asia, the pastures of the Iranian Highlands, the sands of the Sahara, but an organic part of the life of the developing societies of the Iberian Peninsula, Provence, Apennines, Balkans, Asia Minor. F. Braudel was faced with the task of covering in its entirety the numerous problems associated with driving livestock to grazing and with the nomadic way of life, that is, with the regular movement of human masses and herds of livestock. Braudel revives the model of the nomadic life of the Balkans, Anatolia and North Africa. Here, in his opinion, different types of society, different types of economic management, different civilizations and ways of life collide. Braudel agrees with the identification of several types of seasonal movement of livestock. According to F. Braudel, seasonal movements of livestock are associated with a variety of factors: physical, social, historical. Nomadism, Braudel believes, has a more ancient origin than distant-pasture animal husbandry. Nomadic herders were gradually and consistently driven out of the inner plains and lowlands and were driven back to the mountainous outskirts and peripheral plains. An overabundance of empty spaces dooms, from the perspective of F. Braudel, society and economy to perpetual motion. He considered the pendulum movement of the steppe nomads to the sea, and then back from the sea to the desert to be one of the essential factors in the history of the Mediterranean. Nomadism, with its harsh closed “culture” speaks, according to F. Braudel, of obvious determinism.
Mediation in the political processes of the Republic of Kazakstan: problems and perspectives
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, Zh.K. Kenzhebekova
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the problems and prospects for the development of the institution of mediation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors of the article consider the features of the institution of mediation and the need for its use in Kazakhstan and identify the specifics of the implementation of mediation in Kazakhstan. The development of mediation in the political system of Kazakhstan at the national and international levels was studied, and the role of Kazakhstan as a moderator in resolving the problem of the Iranian nuclear program and the Astana process on Syria was considered.
Feminist conception of motherhood by Adrienne Rich: motherhood as a personal experience and as a social institution
Authors:   Karaganda University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, T.A. Rezvushkina , N.V. Karaseva
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the concept of the American “second wave” feminist, writer and poet Adrienne Rich, who had a strong influence on the American feminist tradition of understanding motherhood. Rich describes motherhood through personal experience and as a social institution. The work of Rich is known for its provocative nature, as well as for its depiction of prosaic motherhood experiences and personal details. The book has become a classic feminist text, and motherhood has become an integral issue of feminism. Rich combines examples from literature, research and real-life evidences in her text; she describes the experience of motherhood, from the period of childbearing to the growing up of children. A. Rich also talks about the hatred that mothers feel towards their child and the depression she personally experienced while raising three children. The author concludes that being a mother is one aspect of female identity, and not the only one. Instead of dismissing the problems of motherhood as unimportant, Rich delves into the problem of the crisis or loss of identity of a woman as a mother and the problem of that overwhelming sense of inadequacy that many mothers feel when raising children. The purpose of this article is to describe the main ideas of the American feminist A. Rich regarding motherhood as an experience and as a social institution. The scientific significance of the work is in the fact that A. Rich problematizes the fact that women themselves, being mothers, write little about their experience of motherhood and therefore the vast majority of knowledge and visual images of motherhood come to us through patriarchal culture as a collective or individual male consciousness. Adrienne Rich offers a feminine perspective on the fulfillment of motherhood when it is perceived as critical and problematic. The value of this study is in an attempt to comprehend the influence of A. Rich’s concept of motherhood on the feminist analysis of motherhood as a female practice and as a social institution
HYDRO-ECOLOGICAI CONDITION OF LAKE LYMAN (DVS RP "LYMANSKE" OF KHARKIV REGION)
Authors: Stetsiuk I , Konishchuk V
Published: October 2023

A comparative analysis of the hydro-ecological state of Lake Lyman (DVSRP "Lymanske" of the Kharkiv region) of the cooling reservoir of the Zmiyivska TPP (Siverski Dinets basin) was carried out for the study of ecological and genetic features of white (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and variegated (Aristichthys nobilis) carp using ISSR DNA markers during 2019-2020. The ecological state of water bodies is presented, the species composition of the biota, the natural fodder base and the factors influencing the environment on the conditions of aquaculture are defined; the ecological conditions of growing a population of different age groups of variegated (Aristichthys nobilis) and white carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the conditions of the Lymanske DVSRP of the Kharkiv region were studied in 2019. The studied phytoplankton shows a rather significant increase in biomass compared to previous research results (1984-2010). A significant increase in the number of phytoplankton is also evidenced by the fixation of floating masses of phytoplankton in the reservoir with a layer of up to 2-3 cm, among which blue-green algae (Cyanophyta), dinophyta (Dinophyta), and diamond algae (Bacillariophyta) predominated in number. The zooplankton of Lake Lyman was represented by rather widespread forms of three main groups: Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda. The ichthyofauna of the cooling pond of the Zmiivskaya TPP, which now includes 28 species of fish from 8 families, was studied. The main factors in the formation of the composition of fish in the cooling reservoir are the thermal load of the station, fishing activity and regular supply of river water to the reservoir. Changes in the composition of the fish fauna in recent years are due to the massive spread of evribiont fish-intervenors (needle fish, stickleback), a decrease in the power plant's working capacity (chub fish, gustera, or whitefish), as well as the release of fish from cages when the latter are broken.
ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS OF YOUTH REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON HEALTH
Authors: Honcharenko M , Komisova T , Sliptsova N
Published: October 2023

The work is devoted to the study of the level of awareness of the factor of ionizing radiation, the problem of the influence of the radiation background, ionizing radiation and methods of protection. In recent years, the study of the impact of small doses of radiation on health has become an acute problem. Goal. The study of health-preserving aspects of the formation of the views of young girls. Research results. It is known that the internal environment, the immune system, especially the reproductive system of humans and animals is one of the most sensitive links that reacts acutely to the influence of environmental factors, especially to radiation pollution. Under the conditions of long-term exposure to small doses of radiation, damage to germ cells can occur, and there can also be a direct effect on various body systems, and also indirectly through the nervous and endocrine systems. A self-assessment of health showed that 93.4% of respondents rated their health as satisfactory, while a third rated it as good or excellent. For the majority of girls (44.6%), the importance of health is that its presence provides self-confidence, and for 36.5% it contributes to self-realization. Nevertheless, according to every fifth respondent (20.7%), the danger to health at the present stage is environmental pollution, and every tenth (9.9%) chose ionizing radiation. The perception of radiation as an anthropogenic factor was noted by 59.7% of respondents, and by 7.9% as a natural factor. Insufficient level of special knowledge is manifested in 59.04% of respondents. 12.9% of girls noted the health effects of radiation from diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures. Conclusion. Insufficient awareness of the impact of the radiation factor on health is shown. This indicates the need for permanent radiological and health care education at a medical university. In training courses, it is necessary to develop a high methodological culture and creative mastery of methods of health diagnosis and prevention in order to apply them in practical activities. Prospects for further research are the development of health care programs taking into account the topic of radiation safety and checking their effectiveness.
RESEARCH OF VARIETAL RESOURCES OF GRAPES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Palamarchuk I. I. , Tysiachnyi O. P.
Published: October 2023

Varieties have been studied grapes included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine, and in particular those recommended for the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, and an analysis of the dynamics of the creation of varieties by year was made. The general characteristics of grape varieties listed in the State Register and recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine are given. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine as of 2023, there are 61 grape varieties that are recommended to be grown in different soil and climate zones of Ukraine, as well as temporary wine-growing zones of Ukraine. The State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine includes varieties of various uses, namely: table, technical, rootstock and universal varieties. It is worth noting that there are varieties that have been registered since 1949 and up to 2022, inclusive, which can be explained by the preservation of the high yield of varieties, the quality of products, which is ensured by high plasticity to growing conditions within Ukraine. According to the duration of the growing season, all grape varieties are divided into: early-ripening, medium-ripening, late-ripening, very late. Quantitatively: early-ripening – 8 varieties, medium-ripening – 5, late-ripening – 6 and very late – 2 varieties. For the forest-steppe zone, it is important to grow earlier varieties, since the sum of the effective temperatures required for one or another variety for the full ripening of berries and the accumulation of sugars in them is of great importance. In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the right bank of Ukraine, at the research site of the Department of Forestry, Horticulture, Horticulture and Viticulture of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, research was conducted on the study of grape varieties during 2012-2021. Lora (Flora) and Shevchenko grape varieties were studied. It was established that the vegetation period in the Lora (Flora) variety was 118 days, in the Shevchenko variety – 115 days, which is 3 days shorter. On average, over the years of research, the Lora (Flora) variety provided the highest yield – 6.1 t/ha, which is 0.8 t/ha more than the Shevchenko variety. Taking into account the qualitative characteristics of the studied assortment, it is worth noting that the Lora (Flora) variety is characterized by resistance to cracking of berries and does not rot, and the Shevchenko variety showed increased resistance to diseases.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HERBICIDES IN CORN AGROCENOSES
Authors: Skatula Yu. M. , Ostapchuk R. V.
Published: October 2023

Maize is one of the least competitive crops with weeds in its crops, so cultivated plants can lose their productivity potential most during the initial stages of growth and development. The critical period of the impact of weeds on corn is 40–50 days, it lasts from germination to the shedding of panicles - flowering. Counting weeds on the experimental sites on average over two years of research showed that the number of grass and dicotyledonous weeds was within 159 pcs./m2. Application of Astral + Kideka herbicides at rates (0.9 l/ha + 1.1 l/ha) in the phase of 3-5 leaves of corn in combination with the biopreparation Agrinos B showed that the level of weediness, compared to the control without herbicides, decreased by 73.6% 30 days after application of the drugs, and by 99.3% during the period of corn harvesting. The number of weeds in the control plots of the experiment (without application of herbicides) for the period of corn grain harvesting was within 142 pieces/ha, and the air-dry weight was equal to 3207 g/m2, while in the areas where herbicides were applied, the air-dry weight was 19-130 g/m2. Reduction to control in the range of 96.0-99.4%. The highest rates of corn grain yield were noted in the areas where the tank mixture of Astral + Kideka herbicides was applied, at the rate of application of 0.9 l/ha + 1.1 l/ha + Agrinos B, at the rate of consumption of 1.0 l/ha in the phase of 3-5 leaves of corn. In these areas, on average, over two years of research, the yield of corn grain was within 7.03 t/ha, which is 4.79 t/ha or 213.8% more than the control areas. The use of tank mixtures of herbicides and biological preparations is an economically beneficial measure. In addition, the dose of chemical preparations is reduced, which helps to reduce the pesticide load on the environment.
TEMPERATURE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF POULTRY MANURE UNDER DIFFERENT FERMENTATION MODES
Authors: Merzlov S. V.
Published: October 2023

To meet food needs both in Ukraine and globally, the production of affordable and relatively cheap poultry meat will increase. At the same time, the problem of increasing poultry waste accumulation, including manure with and without bedding, is becoming more acute. Large volumes of broiler manure in limited areas due to different storage conditions have a negative impact on the environment. The study of the conditions and modes of composting broiler manure as an effective way of its utilisation is of scientific and economic importance. The aim of the study is to determine the temperature and microbiological parameters of broiler manure composting using different modes of its aeration. To achieve this goal, fresh broiler manure was composted in the conditions of the scientific and educational research centre of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University using a mixture of biodestructors and different aeration regimes. In the control group, the piles were formed on a concrete platform without the use of a tubular frame of the barbital type, and aeration was carried out by mechanical mixing of broiler manure once every 10 days. In the experimental groups, piles of broiler manure were formed on tubular frames through which air was injected by a compressor. In the first experimental group, air injection was carried out for 15 minutes in the first half of the day. In the second experimental group, air was injected into the broiler manure twice for 15 minutes in the morning and in the evening. It was experimentally established that the composting temperature of broiler manure depended on the intensity of aeration of the latter. With daily aeration twice a day, the temperature of the manure biomass (6th day of composting) was the highest and exceeded the control values by 87.8 %. In experimental groups I and II, with one and two daily enrichment of broiler manure, the period of fermentation in the thermophilic mode was the same. Comparing the groups where poultry manure was enriched once and twice a day, it was found that double aeration did not lead to a statistically significant increase in the temperature of composted biomass. It was proved that active air enrichment of poultry manure (experimental group II) increased the QMAFAnM index and the number of Bacillus spp. bacteria by 7.6 and 24.0%, respectively, compared to the control group. The study of a number of chemical parameters of broiler chickens' manure composted by the accelerated method under different aeration regimes is promising.
THE EFFECT OF ALLOGENEOUS TRANSFUSION OF ERYTHROCYTE MASS ON INDICATORS OF THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF NEUTROPHIL GRANULOCYTES IN THE BODY OF RECIPIENT RABBITS
Authors: Malyuk M. O. , Kulida M. A. , Egorov O. V.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the spread among animals of pathologies in the therapy of which transfusion of blood components is used, which is used both for acute blood loss and for diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs, if their deficiency cannot be compensated by other methods. In this regard, this article is aimed at evaluating the state of phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages) according to indicators of phagocytic index, phagocytic number and oxygen-dependent phagocytosis during allogeneic transfusion of erythrocyte mass in the blood of recipient rabbits. The leading approach to the study of this problem was the determination of the absorption activity of phagocytes, the determination of the oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils, which was studied using the spontaneous test with nitroblue tetrazolium (NST-test). The material for research was blood serum samples obtained from 5 clinically healthy rabbits 3, 7 and 23 days after transfusion. It was found that the phagocytic index increases by 47.7% on the 3rd day, by 34.3% on the 7th day, and by 59.1% on the 23rd day, relative to the initial state. The indicator of the phagocytic number on the 3rd day of the experiment decreased by 22.5%, on the 7th day by 21.4%, on the 23rd day by 7.2%, relative to the initial state. It was found that the metabolic activity of neutrophil granulocytes in the peripheral blood of recipient animals in the spontaneous HST test, compared to the initial state on the 3rd and 23rd day of experimental studies with transfusion of erythrocyte mass, decreases by 4.8 times. The material of the article is of practical value for the application of transfusion of erythrocyte mass in the treatment of animals with anemia of various genesis.
DYNAMICS OF DISTRIBUTION, AMOUNT OF UNDERGROWTH, TYPE OF FOREST VEGETATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Savchenko O. M.
Published: October 2023

Peculiarities of natural regeneration of oak and related species in the conditions of the Northern Steppe were studied. According to the conducted surveys, over the course of 4 years, 21.38–58.19 thousand pcs.•ha-1 of natural renewal of undergrowth of various species were found. In seven-year-old crops, this indicator was somewhat lower and amounted to 40.26 thousand pcs.•ha-1. In six- and nine-year crops, the total amount of natural renewal was approximately the same - 24.1 thousand pcs.•ha-1 and 24.19 thousand pcs.•ha-1, respectively. As for the species composition of the undergrowth, the amount of preserved self-sowing varied greatly by year. Thus, common oak had the largest amount of natural renewal in six-year crops (5.23 thousand pcs.•ha-1). Even in seven-year-old crops, its preservation was 2.54 thousand pcs.·ha-1. In the following years, the conservation of this species was less than one thousand pieces.•ha-1. On the other hand, common ash had the lowest preservation in six-year-old and nine-year-old cultures - 3.52 and 3.84 thousand pcs.•ha-1, respectively. In other years, its preservation was much higher than that of oak, with the maximum amount in 7-year cultures – 19.1 thousand pcs.•ha-1. With the help of statistical data processing, it was found that there is a significant difference in reducing its quantity on one- and two-year-old log cabins. In subsequent years, there is a decrease in the amount of self-sowing oak, which over time completely falls out of the undergrowth. The natural regeneration of common ash, hornbeam, and maple has a significant difference in the age of the logs, but the increase or decrease in regeneration is not monitored due to the systematic cutting of natural regeneration during maintenance felling. There are no significant changes in the undergrowth of acacia, field maple, heart-leaved linden, birch and other species. Significant changes in the total amount of natural renewal were found in log cabins of all years.
The Components that Constitute the Modern Bow
Authors: GÜLER Murat Ufuk
Published: October 2023

Considering the musician-luthier relationship, it is important that two professions that cannot be independent of each other meet in a joint jargon. The lack of common terminology is felt mostly in instruments that have passed into our music from the West.

It would not be wrong to say that some abstract concepts used when talking about a subject related to an instrument are extensively adopted in our language. For example, the definition of "metallic sound" is understandable to most music professionals. On the other hand, the lack of a common terminology regarding the structure of instruments is observed, and it is noticed that there are many issues that need to be studied in this field.

In this study, in which we discuss the instruments that we use to get sound from the violin family instruments and which we define as "Modern Bow" or simply "Bow", we aim to contribute to the terminology by introducing the parts of the bow, as well as by offering Turkish equivalents for these parts.
The Meaning of וַַיַַּעַַל בְְּכָָל־הָָאָָרֶֶץ in 2 Kgs 17:5a. The Semantic and Syntactic Study of the Phrase with Particular Interest in the Verb עלה and the Preposition בְְּ
Authors: Kinowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2023

The expression וַיַַּעַַַל בְְּכָָל־הָָאָָרֶֶץ in 2 Kgs 17:5a is apparently simple and devoid of semantic or syntactic difficulty. This Hebrew phrase is, however, interpreted variously by the scholars who generate a considerable plurality of its translations. The problem appears to lie in the diversity with which the meaning of the verb √ עלה and of the preposition בְְּ, and further, their semantic and syntactic relation in 2 Kgs 17:5a, are interpreted. The examination of these lexemes’ semantics and their interrelated syntax in the Hebrew text leads to the following conclusions: (1) the verb √ עלה has there a technical-military meaning “to invade, attack, march against;” (2) it is used stereotypically and from the sociolinguistic perspective it denotes the nuance of an upward movement; (3) the meaning of בְְּ is spatial in 2 Kgs 17:5a and marks an area moved through; (4) the syntactic relation √ בְּ + עלה is not equivalent to √ עַל + עלה , and consequently, the technical-military meaning of the verb does not remove the spatial meaning of the preposition. It is proposed to translate 2 Kgs 17:5a in a following way: “And then (the king of Assyria) marched up throughout the whole country.” Such a rendering expresses both the Assyrian military actions, a physical movement upwards, and the area moved through. From the historical point of view, it describes the first stage of the Assyrian attack, the invasion going throughout the whole country of king Hosea (v. 5a), followed by an attack directed against its capital, Samaria (v. 5bc). Other interpretations (translations), either ignoring or highlighting one of the discussed features only, may be considered incomplete, questionable or unacceptable from the semantic and syntactic point of view.
Cumhuriyet’in 100. yılında Türkiye’nin kalkınma yardımları ve ihracatı arasındaki ilişkinin Çekim Modeli ile analizi (2014-2021)
Authors: KILIÇ Binali , BATMAZ Türker
Published: October 2023

Türkiye Resmi Kalkınma Yardımı sağlayan donör ülke durumuna geçmiş ve son 20 yıldır Resmi Kalkınma Yardımları sağlayan ülkeler arasında en güçlü ülke olarak yerini almıştır. 2017 yılında Türkiye mali bütçesinden ve diğer kaynaklardan toplam 8,12 milyar dolar kalkınma yardımı (dış yardım) yaparak en cömert ülke unvanını almıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda, Türkiye’nin en çok kalkınma yardımı yaptığı ilk beş ülke arasında yer alan; Suriye, Somali, Azerbaycan, Filistin ve Irak ile ticaret hacminin hangi yönde etkilendiği çekim modeli yardımı ile 2014-2021 dönemi verileri ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda kalkınma yardımları ile ihracat arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuç bulunamamıştır.