bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineralization of Wastewater from the Teaching Hospital of Treichville by a Combination of Biological Treatment and Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Placide Sadia Sahi , Ollo Kambiré , Quand-même Gnamba Corneil , Guillaume Pohan Lemeyonouin Aliou , Mohamed Berté , Lassiné Ouattara
Published: July 2021

Biological treatment, due to its low installation cost, is widely used for wastewater treatment. However, this treatment remains ineffective for the oxidation of so-called emerging molecules. To solve this environmental problem, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) combine with Biological treatment for rapid, efficient and cost-effective purification of wastewater. This combination used in this work, allowed a total mineralization of a real wastewater solution from the teaching hospital of Treichville named CHU of Treichville in Abidjan (CHUT), both in terms of organic and microbiological pollutants. Real wastewater from the CHUT underwent a Biological treatment for 28 days via the Zahn-Wellens methods which made it possible to have a reduction rate of the chemical oxygen demand of more than 90% of biologically active organic pollutants. The biologically treated wastewater was doped with ceftriaxone (CTX) to simulate a situation of wastewater containing a recalcitrant compound after Biological treatment. Subsequently, the doped solution underwent treatment with different AOPs (UV / H2O2, Fe2+ / H2O2 and UV / Fe2+ / H2O2). This combination resulted in a COD reduction rate of over to be higher 98% and total inactivation of microbiological germs.
Clinical Profiling of a Chicken Based Formula in an Indian Children’s Hospital
Authors: Kesavelu Dhanasekhar , Lekha V. S.
Published: July 2021

Aims: To compare nutritional status of chronic ill children before and after using chicken-based formula (CBF).

Design: A retrospective, case note based, observational study of the use of CBF in various clinical indications were noted and results critically analysed.

Study Design: In this study, out patients aged 1 to 36 months who were prescribed CBF from 2018-2020 were included. The indications for using the formula and the outcomes were noted. All subjects, consumed the prescribed formula for a minimum of six months. The pre and post - therapy nutritional status were assessed. The collected data was analysed using SPSS Version 20.

Methodology: Children between the ages 1 to 36 months who presented with chronic diarrhoea in whom CBF was prescribed either as primary source of nutrition or an nutritional adjunct were included in the study. Children who were allergic to the CBF or any of its ingredients were excluded from the study.

Results: 34 children were prescribed CBF for various indications including Cow’s milk protein allergy (n=18, 52%), underweight (n=8, 23.5%), Chronic Diarrhoea (n=8, 23.5%). The age range was 0-6 months n=13 (38.2%), 6-12 months n=14 (41.2%) and 12-36 months=7 (20.6%).The nutritional assessment prior to commencing feeds showed 52.9% (n=18) were underweight, 44.1% (n=15) were well nourished and 2.9% (n=1) was overweight. Post feeding nutritional status showed-20.58% (n= 7) remained underweight, 76.4% (n=26) were well nourished and 2.9 % (n= 1) overweight. Weight gain was significant in selected subjects (<.001).Pearson correlation indicates that there was significant positive correlation between CBF and weight gain.

Conclusions: Growth parameters of infants fed with CBF matches with infants who are not fed on CBF. CBF can be used as an alternative in the absence of equivalent therapeutic feeds. It may be used for indications such as secondary lactose intolerance, celiac disease, malnutrition and alternative to hypo-allergenic formula (as a cheaper and cost effective formula) and as an adjuvant in malnutrition.
A Comprehensive Study of Malware Detection in Android Operating Systems
Authors: Hamdi Suhaib Jasim , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmood , Omar Naaman , Ahmed Omar M. , Rashid Zryan Najat , Ahmed Awder Mohammed , Ibrahim Rowaida Khalil , Kak Shakir Fattah , Yasin Hajar Maseeh , Salih Azar Abid
Published: July 2021

Android is now the world's (or one of the world’s) most popular operating system. More and more malware assaults are taking place in Android applications. Many security detection techniques based on Android Apps are now available. The open environmental feature of the Android environment has given Android an extensive appeal in recent years. The growing number of mobile devices are incorporated in many aspects of our everyday lives. This  paper gives a detailed comparison that summarizes and analyses various detection techniques. This work examines the current status of Android malware detection methods, with an emphasis on Machine Learning-based classifiers for detecting malicious software on Android devices. Android has a huge number of apps that may be downloaded and used for free. Consequently, Android phones are more susceptible to malware. As a result, additional research has been done in order to develop effective malware detection methods. To begin, several of the currently available Android malware detection approaches are carefully examined and classified based on their detection methodologies. This study examines a wide range of machine-learning-based methods to detecting Android malware covering both types dynamic and static.
The Correlations between Admission Heart Rate and Corrected QT Interval Prolongations with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Elnoaas Shaimaa Mohamed Amer Abo , Sheikh Raghda Ghonimy El , Elaal Mohamed Ahmed Abd , Sheikh Ayman Ahmed El
Published: July 2021

Background: Coronary heart disease is a major cause of mortality and this health problem is reaching pandemic in both developed, and developing countries. ACS carries significant morbidity and mortality and the prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment is essential. HR was identified as a risk predictor of ACS. Both continuous increase in high baseline heart rate and decrease in low baseline heart rate are associated with higher risk of CVD. Decreased heart rate could also cause dispersion of atrial repolarization which, in turn, initiate cardiovascular events.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between heart rate and severity of coronary artery disease in patient with acute coronary syndrome.

Patients and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited from Cardiology department in Tanta university hospitals presented with acute coronary syndrome.

Results: There was highly significant difference between both groups regarding admission heart rate & QTc interval. Both groups of low AHR< 60 bpm & high AHR >90bpm were significantly associated with severe CAD &.Mainly those patients with higher admission heart rate were more likely to have higher Syntax scores (severe coronary lesion). Also, patients with prolonged QTc had severe coronary artery diseases, higher SS & high probability to suffer adverse cardiac events more than patients without prolonged QTc interval.

Conclusion: The current study showed that QTc interval prolongation and admission HR are independent predictors of the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
A Comparative Study on the use of Soil - Organic and Inorganic Biostimulants in the Remediation of Oily Waste
Authors: John Ofonime U. M. , Umana Senyene I. , Asuquov Christiana E. , Eduok Samuel I.
Published: July 2021

Remediation of oily waste using soil-organic (goat dung, poultry dropping) and inorganic (NPK fertilizer) nutrients was assessed for twelve weeks using culture-dependent microbiological technique and chemical procedures. The results indicate increased counts of Hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes with remediation time for both nutrient types. Bacteria in the remediated waste were members of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes and Serratia, fungi: Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium, and actinomycetes: Rhodococcus, Nocardia and Streptomyces for all soil-nutrient amendment techniques. pH of the NPK fertilizer ranged between 6.7 ± 0.03 and 7.3±0.06 whereas the goat dung and poultry dropping amendments was 6.5± 0.02 and 7.1 ±0.05. Dehydrogenase activity increased for the biostimulant treatment cells with remediation time. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon reduction was 99.3 and 99.6% in organic and 99.8% for inorganic amendments. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of the remediated waste for both techniques revealed values below detectable limits (< 0.01) at the end of remediation period. Remediation with soil-goat dung and soil-poultry dropping amendments compared favorably with soil-NPK fertilizer technique because microbial activities were enhanced to produce eco-friendly waste. The use of soil-organic amendments is therefore a low-cost alternative biostimulant for the management of oily waste in the petroleum industry.
Current Status of Sex Sorted Semen and its Long Term effect on Population Dynamics and Y-Chromosome Degeneration of the Breed Among Dairy Animals in Jharkhand, India: A Review
Authors: Kumari N. , Prasad S. , Pandey A. K. , Dash S. , Sinha R.
Published: July 2021

Sex Sorted Semen gives the liberty of producing offspring of the desired sex - in farming animals by using it in conjunction with other assisted reproductive technologies such as Artificial Insemination and In-Vitro Fertilization after selecting the healthy sperm and separating into X-Female and Y-male Chromosome bearing populations based on their DNA content. It is an important biotechnological tool to increase the milk production and the profitability of Dairy Industry. Current study deals with the Principle, methods, main method, advantages, disadvantages and the current status of Sex sorted semen in India and Jharkhand. The main emphasis of this study is to draw the attention of Scientific fraternity towards the effect of Sex Sorted Semen on Population dynamics. The Sex Sorted semen increases the deviation of ratio between Male and Female Population from ideal 1:1, thereby decreasing the effective population size Ne and thus slowly reducing the viability and survivability of the population or breed concerned. Further the already depleting Y chromosomes will be reaped off all its genes in long run at a faster rate due to antagonistic selection pressure arising out of Artificial selection via Sex Sorted Semen acting against all the gene of Y chromosome of the breed or population concerned which might disturb many vital genes and the associated functions. The degeneration and extinction of scientists have been predicted long ago. The effect of Sex Sorted semen on Y- chromosome degeneration is yet to be pointed out, calculated and subsequently verified in any of the literatures. SSS is indeed a boon for India as well as Jharkhand. It might be too early to predict about the negative impact of SSS on population dynamics and Y-Chromosome degeneration. Further research work must be done to assess the extent and authencity of above mentioned impact( Predicted  theoretically) by calculation as well as practical field based Experimentation.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Soil Properties
Authors: Mukati Sumit , Kool Y. M. , Thakur Deepak , Singune Deepak
Published: July 2021

Present field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in Ringondiya village, Madhya Pradesh during rabi season 2018-19 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on performance of chickpea, basic soil properties and nutrient availability. The performance of chickpea (cv. JG-322) was evaluated under seven treatments viz., T1-Control, T2-100% N:P:K (20:50:20), T3-50% N:P:K + FYM @5 t ha-1, T4-50% N:P:K + vermicomposting @2 t ha-1, T5-50% N:P:K + PSB @4 kg ha-1, T6-50% N:P:K + FYM @5 t ha-1 + PSB @4 kg ha-1 and T7-50% N:P:K + vermicomposting @2 t ha-1 +PSB @4 kg ha-1 replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of chickpea were determined at harvest. Similarly, the soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon and soil available nutrients (N, P and K) were also determined in post harvest soil samples. The results revealed that the integrated nutrient management practice significantly improved the performance of chickpea. The soil organic carbon and available nutrients were also found increased under INM practices.
The Relation of Vitamin D Blood Level with Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS)
Authors: Ijdayaat Thouria , Eltoukhy Khaled , Hazem Maha , Elsyed Kefaya
Published: July 2021

Aims: This work evaluates the vitamin D status in patients with statins- associated muscle symptoms.

Study Design:  A case control prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Neurology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, between June 2020 and May 2021.

Methodology: Total of 85 participants included in this study, 60 participants of them have chronic Stroke and ischemic heart disease, treated by different kinds of statins and 25 participants were healthy controlled individuals. The 60 patients were 35 males (55%) and 25 females (45%), with age ranging from 40 to 70 years. The 60 participants were divided into two groups: The first group included (30 patients) treated with statins and they did not have Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS).The second group included (30 patients) also treated with Statin and they complained of SAMS. The third group is the control group, which contains the 25 participants who were healthy people. The control group included15 males (55%) and 10 females (45%) with age ranged from 35 to 65 years. Laboratory investigations were conducted on all participants in this study. The participants were subjected to total of 5 laboratory tests, which include: (1) Vitamin D (Enzyme immunoassay method), (2) Total CK (Enzymatic method), (3) Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides (Enzymatic method), (4)High density lipoproteins Cholesterol (Precipitation method), (4)Low density lipoproteins Cholesterol (Freid Wald equation), and (5) C – reactive protein (CRP: Latex Agglutination Method) was done beside elecetrophysiology study ( Needle electromyography (NEMG) was include).

Results: Out of 60 patients the statistical readings of Vitamin D levels for the studied groups, demonstrating a significant statistical difference in Vitamin D levels between patients complaining of statin-associated muscle symptoms group (P≤0.001), and the other groups with lowest mean of (26.30 ±3.75), while patient without statin-associated muscle symptom group had the mean rating of (29.33 ±3.69), and the control group had the highest mean of (30.14 ±3.57).

Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between vitamin D deficiency and statin-associated muscle symptoms. Vitamin D status may play an important role in diagnosis and management of SAMS. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and SAMS.
Hospital EDs failing to care for SUDs may violate federal law: Report
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2021

In a detailed 69‐page report that underscores the liabilities hospital emergency departments (EDs) incur by not providing appropriate care for substance use disorders (SUDs), the Legal Action Center has added a critical piece to the debate about when and how to get treatment to people who need it. During an opioid overdose epidemic — 93,000 people died from ODs in 2020, according to provisional data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (see story, p. 4), it's vital that hospitals treat patients appropriately when they show up in the ED for help, often after being rescued from an opioid OD. If they do not get treatment, chances are they will OD again, due to the lethal illicit fentanyl that has contaminated the drug supply.
Harm reduction and recovery: Two ideas that have reached maturity
Authors: de Miranda John
Published: July 2021

The alcohol and drug problems field has its very own history of ideas. Each of these “ideas” arose to capture a change in how we thought about some aspect of the alcohol/drug landscape, and each has a complicated evolutionary history. My short list of the most important ideas that have enabled or inhibited our progress include addiction, disease, sobriety, drug war, anonymity and prohibition. Each of these is essentially a social construction that has changed over time and may be understood differently by different groups or in differing contexts.
Femtojoule‐Power‐Consuming Synaptic Memtransistor Based on Mott Transition of Multiphasic Vanadium Oxides
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Duy Le Thai , Kang Hyunwoo , Singh Ranveer , Kumar Mohit , Park Jucheol , Seo Hyungtak
Published: July 2021

To realize the potential of Mott transition of multiphasic vanadium oxides (VOx) for memory applications, the development of VOx memtransistors on SiO2 wafer is introduced. Through electrical characterizations, the volatile memory behaviors of the VOx memtransistors are observed in both two‐ and three‐terminal measurements. Their capacitive memory and resistive switching mechanisms are strongly related to the mixed VOx/SiO2 interface (called VSiOx). VSiOx supports the Mott transition in VOx at low bias voltages (<0.5 V), leading to the low power consumption of the memtransistor. Moreover, the fast switching time (≈35 ns) and tunable memory retention with the synaptic functions (potentiation and depression) of the memtransistors (by using the gate and drain biases) are demonstrated. Overall, the findings open up major opportunities for constructing ultrafast and femto‐joule power‐consuming neuromorphic devices.
Enhancing the Stability of COVID‐19 Serological Assay through Metal–Organic Framework Encapsulation
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Wang Zheyu , Gupta Prashant , Morrissey Jeremiah J. , Naik Rajesh R. , Singamaneni Srikanth
Published: July 2021

Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay is widely utilized in serologic assays, including COVID‐19, for the detection and quantification of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2. However, due to the limited stability of the diagnostic reagents (e.g., antigens serving as biorecognition elements) and biospecimens, temperature‐controlled storage and handling conditions are critical. This limitation among others makes biodiagnostics in resource‐limited settings, where refrigeration and electricity are inaccessible or unreliable, particularly challenging. In this work, metal–organic framework encapsulation is demonstrated as a simple and effective method to preserve the conformational epitopes of antigens immobilized on microtiter plate under non‐refrigerated storage conditions. It is demonstrated that in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 (ZIF‐90) renders excellent stability to surface‐bound SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens, thereby maintaining the assay performance under elevated temperature (40 °C) for up to 4 weeks. As a complementary method, the preservation of plasma samples from COVID‐19 patients using ZIF‐90 encapsulation is also demonstrated. The energy‐efficient approach demonstrated here will not only alleviate the financial burden associated with cold‐chain transportation, but also improve the disease surveillance in resource‐limited settings with more reliable clinical data.
Pushing the Limits of Flexibility and Stretchability of Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Dauzon Emilie , Sallenave Xavier , Plesse Cedric , Goubard Fabrice , Amassian Aram , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: July 2021

Emerging forms of soft, flexible, and stretchable electronics promise to revolutionize the electronics industries of the future offering radically new products that combine multiple functionalities, including power generation, with arbitrary form factor. For example, skin‐like electronics promise to transform the human‐machine‐interface, but the softness of the skin is incompatible with traditional electronic components. To address this issue, new strategies toward soft and wearable electronic systems are currently being pursued, which also include stretchable photovoltaics as self‐powering systems for use in autonomous and stretchable electronics of the future. Here recent developments in the field of stretchable photovoltaics are reviewed and their potential for various emerging applications are examined. Emphasis is placed on the different strategies to induce stretchability including extrinsic and intrinsic approaches. In the former case, engineering and patterning of the materials and devices are key elements while intrinsically stretchable systems rely on mechanically compliant materials such as elastomers and organic conjugated polymers. The result is a review article that provides a comprehensive summary of the progress to date in the field of stretchable solar cells from the nanoscale to macroscopic functional devices. The article is concluded by discussing the emerging trends and future developments.
Highly Permeable DNA Supramolecular Hydrogel Promotes Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery after Completely Transected Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yuan Taoyang , Shao Yu , Zhou Xu , Liu Qian , Zhu Zhichao , Zhou Bini , Dong Yuanchen , Stephanopoulos Nicholas , Gui Songbai , Yan Hao , Liu Dongsheng
Published: July 2021

Regeneration after severe spinal cord injury cannot occur naturally in mammals. Transplanting stem cells to the injury site is a highly promising method, but it faces many challenges because it relies heavily on the microenvironment provided by both the lesion site and delivery material. Although mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of delivery materials have been extensively explored, their permeability has rarely been recognized. Here, a DNA hydrogel is designed with extremely high permeability to repair a 2 mm spinal cord gap in Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats recover basic hindlimb function with detectable motor‐evoked potentials, and a renascent neural network is formed via the proliferation and differentiation of both implanted and endogenous stem cells. The signal at the lesion area is conveyed by, on average, 15 newly formed synapses. This hydrogel system offers great potential in clinical trials. Further, it should be easily adaptable to other tissue regeneration applications.
Label‐Free Quantitative Analysis of Coacervates via 3D Phase Imaging
Authors: Hong Yuri , Dao Khoi Phuong , Kim Taehyun , Lee Sumin , Shin Yongdae , Park YongKeun , Hwang Dong Soo
Published: July 2021

Coacervation is considered as a ubiquitous mechanism for assembling biomolecular materials outside cells and organizing membraneless organelles inside cells. Despite the importance of mapping binodals to understand the driving forces and thermodynamics of coacervate, quantifying protein concentration within a droplet is significantly challenging owing to its dynamic and viscous nature. A direct imaging‐based method is presented to quantify coacervate using real‐time 3D quantitative phase imaging. The proposed method utilizes the measurements of the refractive index tomograms of individual coacervates and retrieves the protein concentration and volume of individual protein droplets exploiting light‐scattering analysis. The retrievals of accurate protein concentrations are demonstrated in droplets, whereas conventional fluorescence‐based techniques present underestimations. With its simple, direct, real‐time, and quantitative analysis capability, the present method can be utilized in various protein analyses and quantifications for the study of coacervation both in vitro and in vivo.
Sustainable Production of Benzylamines from Lignin
Authors: Zhang Bo , Guo Tenglong , Liu Yuxuan , Kühn Fritz E. , Wang Chao , Zhao Zongbao K. , Xiao Jianliang , Li Changzhi , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2021

Catalytic conversion of lignin into heteroatom functionalized chemicals is of great importance to bring the biorefinery concept into reality. Herein, a new strategy was designed for direct transformation of lignin β‐O‐4 model compounds into benzylamines and phenols in moderate to excellent yields in the presence of organic amines. The transformation involves dehydrogenation of Cα−OH, hydrogenolysis of the Cβ−O bond and reductive amination in the presence of Pd/C catalyst. Experimental data suggest that the dehydrogenation reaction proceeds over the other two reactions and secondary amines serve as both reducing agents and amine sources in the transformation. Moreover, the concept of “lignin to benzylamines” was demonstrated by a two‐step process. This work represents a first example of synthesis of benzylamines from lignin, thus providing a new opportunity for the sustainable synthesis of benzylamines from renewable biomass, and expanding the products pool of biomass conversion to meet future biorefinery demands.
Resolution of Lithium Deposition versus Intercalation of Graphite Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries: An In Situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Wang Bin , Le Fevre Lewis W. , Brookfield Adam , McInnes Eric J. L. , Dryfe Robert A. W.
Published: July 2021

In situ electrochemical electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used to understand the mixed lithiation/deposition behavior on graphite anodes during the charging process. The conductivity, degree of lithiation, and the deposition process of the graphite are reflected by the EPR spectroscopic quality factor, the spin density, and the EPR spectral change, respectively. Classical over‐charging (normally associated with potentials ≤0 V vs. Li+/Li) are not required for Li metal deposition onto the graphite anode: Li deposition initiates at ca. +0.04 V (vs. Li+/Li) when the scan rate is lowered to 0.04 mV s−1. The inhibition of Li deposition by vinylene carbonate (VC) additive is highlighted by the EPR results during cycling, attributed to a more mechanically flexible and polymeric SEI layer with higher ionic conductivity. A safe cut‐off potential limit of +0.05 V for the anode is suggested for high rate cycling, confirmed by the EPR response over prolonged cycling.
Hypoxia‐Responsive Gene Editing to Reduce Tumor Thermal Tolerance for Mild‐Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Li Xueqing , Pan Yongchun , Chen Chao , Gao Yanfeng , Liu Xinli , Yang Kaiyong , Luan Xiaowei , Zhou Dongtao , Zeng Fei , Han Xin , Song Yujun
Published: July 2021

Near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐triggered photothermal therapy (PTT) is usually associated with undesirable damage to healthy organs nearby due to the high temperatures (>50 °C) available for tumor ablation. Low‐temperature PTT would therefore have tremendous value for clinical application. Here, we construct a hypoxia‐responsive gold nanorods (AuNRs)‐based nanocomposite of CRISPR‐Cas9 for mild‐photothermal therapy via tumor‐targeted gene editing. AuNRs are modified with azobenzene‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid (p‐AZO) to achieve on‐demand release of CRISPR‐Cas9 using hypoxia‐responsive azo bonds. In the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the azo groups of the hypoxia‐activated CRISPR‐Cas9 nanosystem based on gold nanorods (APACPs) are selectively reduced by the overexpression of reductases, leading to the release of Cas9 and subsequent gene editing. Owing to the knockout of HSP90α for reducing the thermal resistance of cancer cells, highly effective tumor ablation both in vitro and in vivo was achieved with APACPs under mild PTT.
Modulating Chalcogen Bonding and Halogen Bonding Sigma‐Hole Donor Atom Potency and Selectivity for Halide Anion Recognition
Authors: Docker Andrew , Guthrie Charles H. , Kuhn Heike , Beer Paul D.
Published: July 2021

A series of acyclic anion receptors containing chalcogen bond (ChB) and halogen bond (XB) donors integrated into a neutral 3,5‐bis‐triazole pyridine scaffold are described, in which systematic variation of the electronic‐withdrawing nature of the aryl substituents reveal a dramatic modulation in sigma‐hole donor atom potency for anion recognition. Incorporation of strongly electron‐withdrawing perfluorophenyl units appended to the triazole heterocycle telluro‐ or iodo‐ donor atoms, or directly linked to the tellurium donor atom dramatically enhances the anion binding potency of the sigma‐hole receptors, most notably for the ChB and XB receptors displaying over thirty‐fold and eight‐fold increase in chloride anion affinity, respectively, relative to unfluorinated analogues. Linear free energy relationships for a series of ChB based receptors reveal the halide anion recognition behaviour of the tellurium donor is highly sensitive to local electronic environments. This is especially the case for those directly appended to the Te centre (3⋅ChB), where a remarkable enhancement of strength of binding and selectivity for the lighter halides is observed as the electron‐withdrawing ability of the Te‐bonded aryl group increases, highlighting the exciting opportunity to fine‐tune anion affinity and selectivity in ChB‐based receptor systems.
Synthesis of poly (vinylpyrrolidone)/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoporous catalyst by γ‐rays and evaluation their sono‐photo‐Fenton degradation of toluidine blue under magnetic field
Authors: Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Elbarbary Ahmed M. , Hegazy Dalia E.
Published: July 2021

Nanoporous of poly (vinylpyrrolidone)/Fe3O4@SiO2 has been synthesized using ultrasonic‐assisted‐gamma irradiation technique and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The efficiency evaluation of PVP/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoporous catalyst for degradation of toluidine blue (TB) by sono‐photo‐Fenton (US/UV/FE) processes has been investigated using modified reactor under the influence of magnetic field (MF) 250 Gauss. PVP molecules prevent ions leaching and render Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles to bind with pollutant molecules. Comparative effect of sonication assists on photo‐Fenton processes has been studied. The TB degradation was examined at different pHs and H2O2 concentration. After 60 min, the photo‐catalytic degradation rate of TB is attained to optimum value (83%) at pH 4. The photo‐Fenton catalytic degradation rate of TB decreased (36.39%, 31.84%, and 23.92%) within (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M) of H2O2, respectively. The degradation of TB by sono‐photo‐Fenton process was 76.55 and 95.3% after 60 and 10 min in absence and presence of MF, respectively. Negligible amounts of Fe leaching from PVP/Fe3O4@SiO2 confirm high stability in oxidation systems. BET surface area and pore volume of PVP/Fe3O4@SiO2 were 43.50 m2 g−1 and 0.1798 cm3 g−1, respectively, with pore size distribution of 16.53 nm indicating their nanoporosity structure. Herein, the novelty is evaluated through the effect of MF and ultrasound‐assisted photo‐Fenton system for TB degradation using novel PVP/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoporous catalyst that easily recovered from the reaction solution by external magnet. The PVP/Fe3O4@SiO2/US/UV/FE/MF hybrid system can be introduced as a successful advanced treatment process for degradation of dyes from wastewater with high degradation efficiency in short time.
Mechanical behavior of electrophoretically modified CFRP composites at elevated temperatures: An assessment of the influence of graphene carboxyl bath concentration
Authors: Gangineni Pavan Kumar , Patnaik Satyaroop , Prusty Rajesh Kumar , Ray Bankim Chandra
Published: July 2021

The study aims at investigating the mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites modified with graphene carboxyl at elevated temperature (ET‐110°C) and understanding the effect of electrophoretic deposition bath concentration (0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L, and 1.5 g/L) on their mechanical behavior at ET. The 1.5 g/L composite has revealed a maximum improvement in energy absorbed before failure of 33.25% at RT and 22.54% at ET for flexural testing and ∼35% at RT for short beam shear testing, over neat CFRP composite. The modified composites have shown an improved flexural strain to failure at both RT and ET, with 1.5 g/L composite exhibiting maximum enhancement of 12.41% at RT and 26.52% at ET over neat composite. However, at ET, modified composites exhibited lower flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength values in comparison to that of neat. Viscoelastic behavior of all composites was studied to understand bath concentration's effect on thermal behavior via dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed for governing the glass transition temperature of composites. Fractography of tested samples (both ET and RT) was performed utilizing a scanning electron microscope to determine the prominent failure mode.
Do Pleistocene rock paintings depict Sulawesi warty pigs (Sus celebensis) with a domestication character?
Authors: BRUMM ADAM , OKTAVIANA ADHI AGUS , BURHAN BASRAN , HAKIM BUDIANTO , LEBE RUSTAN , RIRIMASSE MARLON , SULISTYARTO PRIYATNO HADI , MACDONALD ALASTAIR A. , AUBERT MAXIME
Published: July 2021

The Indonesian island of Sulawesi harbours numerous early rock paintings of the endemic Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis). SeveralS. celebensisimages, including one dated to at least 45,500 years ago (ka), portray these suids with an anatomical character not observed in the living species: a pair of teat‐like protuberances in the neck area. This feature seems to be most consistent morphologically with neck “wattles”, cutaneous appendages only manifested in modern domestic swine (Sus scrofa) and some other domesticated ungulates (e.g. goats). The notion that the trait portrayed by the Late Pleistocene artists is a domestication character is clearly contentious. We therefore consider: (1) whether we have misidentified the trait – a common problem in rock art analysis; (2) whether wattles are a genuine domestication trait; and (3) if so, whether the notion that Pleistocene people domesticatedS. celebensisis plausible. A clear resolution to all of these problems evades us; however, our investigation of this anomaly in the ancient rock art poses important questions about the nature and complexity of early human–pig relations in this island.
Preparation and characterization of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanofibers containing simvastatin coated with hyaluronic acid for using in periodontal tissue engineering
Authors: Malekpour Zahra , Akbari Vajihe , Varshosaz Jaleh , Taheri Azade
Published: July 2021

Periodontal diseases can lead to soft tissue defects. Tissue engineering can provide functional replacements for damaged tissues. Recently, electrospun nanofibers have attracted great interest for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. This has been revealed that statins exhibit positive impacts on the proliferation and regeneration of periodontal tissues. Electrospun simvastatin loaded poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (SIM‐PLGA‐NF) were prepared using electrospinning technique. Optimal conditions for preparation of SIM‐PLGA‐NF (PLGA concentration of 30 wt%, voltage of 15 kV, and flow rate of 1.5 ml h−1) were identified using a 23factorial design. The optimized SIM‐PLGA‐NFs (diameter of 640.2 ± 32.5 nm and simvastatin entrapment efficacy of 99.6 ± 1.5%) were surface modified with 1% w/v hyaluronic acid solution (1%HA‐ SIM‐PLGA‐NF) to improve their compatibility with fibroblasts and potential application as a periodontal tissue engineering scaffold. HA‐SIM‐PLGA NFs were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. 1%HA‐SIM‐PLGA‐NF had uniform, bead‐free and interwoven morphology, which is similar to the extracellular matrix. The mechanical performance of SIM‐PLGA‐NFs and release profile of simvastatin from these nanofibers have been also greatly improved after coating with HA. In vitro cellular tests showed that the proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of fibroblast cells positively enhanced on the surface of 1%HA‐ SIM‐PLGA‐NF. These results demonstrate the potential application of 1%HA‐SIM‐PLGA‐NFs as a scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering.
Balancing web personalization and consumer privacy concerns: Mechanisms of consumer trust and reactance
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Sun Jian , Liu Hongyan
Published: July 2021

Information technology and e‐commerce enable websites to provide personalized services based on consumer information, thereby providing convenience to consumers. However, the collection and use of consumer information may trigger concerns regarding privacy invasion. Grounded in exchange theory, the current study constructs a framework that links web personalization to consumer decisions (i.e., website loyalty and purchase intention) through consumer trust and reactance. The study also uses reactance theory as the theoretical basis to examine the moderating role of privacy concerns. An online survey was used to assess the effect of web personalization on consumer loyalty. The results show that consumers' privacy concerns negatively moderate the relationship between web personalization and website loyalty, and the influencing mechanism differs according to the levels of privacy concerns. More specifically, when consumers are less concerned about privacy, web personalization strengthens consumer trust to enhance loyalty. When consumers are more concerned about privacy, web personalization affects their loyalty through psychological reactance. The study findings show that although personalized services provide convenience to consumers, websites should carefully consider consumers' privacy issues. The trade‐off between web personalization and privacy concerns is necessary for a website's success.
Butterfly lesion on MRI: Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis with unusual imaging in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Henary Mary , Oster Jennifer , Liu Antonio
Published: July 2021

In immunocompromised patients, including patients with AIDS, with neurologic complaints, we propose including Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in the differential diagnoses when the butterfly pattern is encountered on MRI.
Successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in a patient undergoing hemodialysis with arsenic trioxide
Authors: Hashimoto Akiko , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Shinzato Isaku
Published: July 2021

A man undergoing hemodialysis was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). He received arsenic trioxide as a single agent and achieved complete molecular remission without severe adverse events. Arsenic trioxide can be used safely and effectively for patients with APL under hemodialysis.
Left ventricular apex rupture in STEMI
Authors: Mohamed Amr
Published: July 2021

The key clinical message is to know that mechanical complications of myocardial infarction are rare but fatal. A high index of suspicion facilitates diagnosis. The presence of acute heart failure should ring an alarm. Other red flags are cardiogenic shock, new murmur, or evidence of hypoperfusion.
Intraosseous clear cell mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the maxilla: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Harada Fumiya , Abiko Yoshihiro , Khurelchuluun Ariuntsetseg , Yoshida Koki , Takeda Shigehiro , Nakayama Eiji , Shimo Tsuyoshi , Nagayasu Hiroki
Published: July 2021

We reported an extremely rare case regarding intraosseous clear cell variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in maxilla.
Infectious‐mononucleosis‐like exanthema associated with COVID‐19 in a child
Authors: Ferjani Meryam , Ben Slimane Malek , Sayari Taha , Hammi Yosra , Litaiem Noureddine , Naija Ouns , Zeglaoui Faten , Gargah Tahar
Published: July 2021

Cutaneous manifestations of childhood COVID‐19 differ from those of adults. Maculopapular rash is not specific and could be mistaken with other viral exanthema. A nasopharyngeal swab is strongly recommended to confirm the possible COVID‐19 diagnosis.
A VPS13B mutation in Cohen syndrome presented with petechiae: An unusual presentation
Authors: Razavi Alireza , Jafarpour Hamed , Khosravi Mohammad reza , Abbasi Ghazal , Dabbaghzadeh Abbas
Published: July 2021

Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. CS includes a range of clinical symptoms including retinal dystrophy and myopia. The new VPS13B mutation could cause CS‐induced neutropenia and petechiae in patients with CS.
Craniolacunia in A neonate; A clinical and CT scan illustrative case report
Authors: Edzie Emmanuel Kobina Mesi , Dzefi‐Tettey Klenam , Gorleku Philip Narteh , Agyen‐Mensah Kwasi , Kusodzi Henry , Quarshie Frank , Asemah Abdul Raman
Published: July 2021

Neural tube defects can be accurately diagnosed prenatally. Every effort must be made to get this and its associations with Craniolacunia right, especially in low‐resource settings. This case highlights the importance of three‐dimensional CT in diagnosing neonatal skull abnormalities.
Blowing off steam—Identifying bowel perforation after routine colonoscopy
Authors: Hussain Murtaza S. , Deliwala Smit S. , Gupta Rohit , Berrou Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Colonoscopy is an effective procedure for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Perforation is a rare yet the most severe complication, identified by landmarks—double dolphin, triangle, or double‐wall sign signifying air and intracolonic contents leaking into the peritoneal space. Prompt recognition and surgical intervention are imperative to avoid high mortality.
Multifocal bone tuberculosis simulating metastasis
Authors: Chabchoub Imen , Ben Salah Raida , Feki Wien , Mnif Zeineb , Bahloul Zouhir
Published: July 2021

Multiple skeletal tuberculosis can be the first sign of tuberculosis. In such cases, physicians should consider tuberculosis diagnosis and take biopsies for anatomopathological evidence to make the correct diagnosis.
Self‐Assembly of a Pyridine‐Based Amphiphile Complexed with Regioisomeric Dihydroxy Naphthalenes into Supramolecular Nanotubes with Different Inner Diameters
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Kogiso Masaki
Published: July 2021

A pyridine‐based amphiphile complexed with 1,5‐, 1,6‐, 2,6‐, or 2,7‐dihydroxy naphthalene self‐assembled in water to form nanotubes with inner diameters of 46, 38, 24, 18, and 11 nm in which the naphthalene molecules formed J‐type aggregates. In contrast, the amphiphile complexed with 1,2‐, 1,3‐, 1,4‐, 1,7‐, 1,8‐, or 2,3‐dihydroxy naphthalene formed nanofibers in which the naphthalene molecules formed H‐type aggregates. The inner diameter of the nanotubes strongly depended on the regioisomeric dihydroxy naphthalene. UV–vis, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry showed that nanotubes with smaller inner diameters had weaker intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the tilted amphiphiles complexed with the naphthalene molecules within the membrane walls and showed larger Stokes shifts in the excimer fluorescence of the naphthalene moiety. These findings should be useful not only for fine‐tuning the inner diameters of supramolecular nanotubes but also for controlling the aggregation states of functional aromatic molecules to generate nanostructures with useful optical and electronic properties in water.
Mit aktivem Sauerstoff
Authors: Emden Markus , Hild Pitt , Kallinna Kirsten , Murer Livia
Published: July 2021

Anliegen der in loser Folge erscheinenden Versuche ist es, Impulse für chemische Versuche zu geben, die gefahrlos zu Hause mit haushaltsüblichen Gegenständen durchgeführt werden können. Sie können damit als Quelle für das gemeinsame Ausprobieren mit Kindern zuhause dienen, in Kindergärten oder an Schulen sowie zur Verwendung bei Tagen der offenen Tür. Ein Stückweit sind sie zu verstehen als Antwort auf den oft gehörten Satz: „Ach, Du bist Chemiker/in? Dann mach doch mal eben ein Experiment.“
Ein neuer Erklärungsansatz zum „chemischen Regenbogen“
Authors: Olschimke Manon , Brüggemann Vera , Dieckmann Justus
Published: July 2021

Der „chemische Regenbogen im Tomatensaft“ ist ein häufig aufgegriffener Demonstrationsversuch aus dem Themenfeld „Struktur und Farbigkeit“, mit dessen Hilfe die beobachteten Farbveränderungen bei der Reaktion von Tomatensaft mit Bromwasser auf der Basis der elektrophilen Addition erklärt werden sollen. Beim genauen Beobachten der Reaktion fällt allerdings auf, dass die gängige Standard‐Theorie Erklärungslücken aufweist, die wir im Folgenden mit einem neuen Diskussionsvorschlag ausfüllen möchten.
Temporal changes in the probability of live birth among female survivors of childhood cancer: A population‐based Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study in five nordic countries
Authors: Licht Sofie de Fine , Rugbjerg Kathrine , Andersen Elisabeth W. , Nielsen Thomas T. , Norsker Filippa Nyboe , Kenborg Line , Holmqvist Anna S. , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura‐Maria , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Stovall Marilyn , Wesenberg Finn , Hjorth Lars , Hasle Henrik , Winther Jeanette F. ,   the Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia Study Group
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

During the past 4 decades, there has been a growing focus on preserving the fertility of patients with childhood cancer; however, no large studies have been conducted of live births across treatment decades during this period. Therefore, the authors estimated the potential birth deficit in female childhood cancer survivors and the probability of live births.

METHODS

In total, 8886 women were identified in the 5 Nordic cancer registries in whom a childhood cancer had been diagnosed during 1954 through 2006. A population comparison cohort of 62,903 women was randomly selected from the central population registries matched by age and country. All women were followed for live births recorded in medical birth registries. The cumulative probability and the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of a live birth were calculated by maternal age across treatment decades.

RESULTS

The probability of a live birth increased with treatment decade, and, at age 30 years, the rate for survivors most recently diagnosed was close to the rate among the general population (1954‐1969: RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.54‐0.78]; 1970s: RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.60‐0.74]; 1980s: RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64‐0.74]; 1990s: RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87‐0.95]; 2000s: RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.91‐0.97]).

CONCLUSIONS

Female childhood cancer survivors had a lower probability of a live birth than women in the general population, although, in survivors diagnosed after 1989, the probability was close to that of the general population. Because the pattern of live births differs by cancer type, continuous efforts must be made to preserve fertility, counsel survivors, and refer them rapidly to fertility treatment if necessary.

LAY SUMMARY

The purpose of this study was to compare the probability of giving birth to a liveborn child in female survivors of childhood cancer with that of women in the general population.

Survivors of childhood cancer had a lower probability of live births than women in the general population, although survivors diagnosed after 1989 had a probability close to that of the general population.

Continuing focus on how to preserve the potential for fertility among female patients with childhood cancer during treatment is important to increase their chances of having a child.