bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A bundle improves eye care in PICU
Authors: McCall Karen , Hussin Hussin M , Gregory Maria Elena , Dutton Gordon , Richardson Julie
Published: April 2016

Background

Intensive care patients are susceptible to developing painful corneal epithelial deficits. Provision of eye care to prevent deficits was limited in our paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) population.

Interventions

A new eye care bundle was introduced, comprising a guideline for eye care, the addition of eye lubricants to the electronic prescribing order set for new admissions to PICU and staff education on the importance of eye care. Weekly examinations over a 2-month period following implementation of the bundle evaluated eye care provision and presence of corneal epithelial deficits on ophthalmic examination.

Results

Provision of formal eye care improved from 19% to 96%. The incidence of deficits was lower than previously, simple eye ointment reduced the risk of deficits, even in incompletely closed eyes.

Conclusions

Use of an eye care bundle, together with a multidisciplinary team approach to eye care, improves the provision of eye care in PICU.
Bias associated with left ventricular quantification by multimodality imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rigolli Marzia , Anandabaskaran Sulakchanan , Christiansen Jonathan P , Whalley Gillian A
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Cardiac MR (CMR) is the gold standard for left ventricular (LV) quantification. However, two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is the most common approach, and both three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and multidetector CT (MDCT) are increasingly available. The clinical significance and interchangeability of these modalities remains under-investigated. Therefore, we undertook a systemic review to evaluate the accuracy and absolute bias in LV quantification of all the commonly available non-invasive imaging modalities (2DE, CE-2DE, 3DE, MDCT) compared to cardiac MR (CMR).

Methods

Studies were included that reported LV echocardiographic (2DE, CE-2DE, 3DE) and/or MDCT measurements compared to CMR. Only modern CMR (SSFP sequences) was considered. Studies involving small sample size (<10 patients) and unusual cardiac geometry (ie, congenital heart diseases) were excluded. We evaluated LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF).

Results

1604 articles were initially considered: 65 studies were included (total of 4032 scans (echo, CT, MRI) performed in 2888 patients). Compared to CMR, significant biased underestimation of LV volumes with 2DE was seen (LVEDV—33.30 mL, LVESV −16.20 mL, p<0.0001). This difference was reduced but remained significant with CE-2DE (LVEDV −18.05, p<0.0001) and 3DE (LVEDV −14.41, p<0.001), while MDCT values were similar to CMR (LVEDV −1.20, p=0.43; LVESV −0.13, p=0.91). However, excellent agreement for echocardiographic LVEF evaluation (2DE LVEF 0.78–1.01%, p=0.37) was observed, especially with 3DE (LVEF 0.14%, p=0.88).

Conclusions

Comparing imaging modalities to CMR as reference standard, 3DE had the highest accuracy in LVEF estimation: 2DE and 3DE-derived LV volumes were significantly underestimated. Newer generation CT showed excellent accuracy for LV volumes.
EU membership – benefits for animal health and welfare
Authors: Truss Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

Elizabeth Truss, Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, explains why she believes being a member of the European Union benefits animal health and welfare, agriculture and the veterinary profession
Driven by a passion for people and their pets (and dancing)
Authors: Bailey Paula
Published: April 2016

Paula Bailey thought she might enter academia after gaining clinical experience. However, a period of travelling and locum work confirmed her enjoyment of practice life
QTL mapping of early flowering and resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea
Authors: Daba Ketema , Deokar Amit , Banniza Sabine , Warkentin Thomas D. , Tar’an Bunyamin
Published: April 2016

In western Canada, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is challenged by short growing seasons and infestations with ascochyta blight. Research was conducted to determine the genetic basis of the association between flowering time and reaction to ascochyta blight in chickpea. Ninety-two chickpea recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between ICCV 96029 and CDC Frontier were evaluated for flowering responses and ascochyta blight reactions in growth chambers and fields at multiple locations and during several years. A wide range of variation was exhibited by the RILs for days to flower, days to maturity, node of first flowering, plant height, and ascochyta blight resistance. Moderate to high broad sense heritability was estimated for ascochyta blight reaction (H2= 0.14–0.34) and for days to flowering (H2= 0.45–0.87) depending on the environments. Negative correlations were observed among the RILs for days to flowering and ascochyta blight resistance, ranging from r = −0.21 (P < 0.05) to −0.58 (P < 0.0001). A genetic linkage map consisting of eight linkage groups was developed using 349 SNP markers. Seven QTLs for days to flowering were identified that individually explained 9%–44% of the phenotypic variation. Eight QTLs were identified for ascochyta blight resistance that explained phenotypic variation ranging from 10% to 19%. Clusters of QTLs for days to flowering and ascochyta blight resistances were found on chromosome 3 at the interval of 8.6–23.11 cM and on chromosome 8 at the interval of 53.88–62.33 cM.
The scaling of time series size towards detrended fluctuation analysis
Authors: Gao Xiaolei , Ren Liwei , Shang Pengjian , Feng Guochen
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we introduce a modification of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), called multivariate DFA (MNDFA) method, based on the scaling of time series size [Formula: see text]. In traditional DFA method, we obtained the influence of the sequence segmentation interval [Formula: see text], and it inspires us to propose a new model MNDFA to discuss the scaling of time series size towards DFA. The effectiveness of the procedure is verified by numerical experiments with both artificial and stock returns series. Results show that the proposed MNDFA method contains more significant information of series compared to traditional DFA method. The scaling of time series size has an influence on the auto-correlation (AC) in time series. For certain series, we obtain an exponential relationship, and also calculate the slope through the fitting function. Our analysis and finite-size effect test demonstrate that an appropriate choice of the time series size can avoid unnecessary influences, and also make the testing results more accurate.
BMS modules in three dimensions
Authors: Campoleoni A. , Gonzalez H. A. , Oblak B. , Riegler M.
Published: April 2016

We build unitary representations of the BMS algebra and its higher-spin extensions in three dimensions, using induced representations as a guide. Our prescription naturally emerges from an ultrarelativistic limit of highest-weight representations of Virasoro and [Formula: see text] algebras, which is to be contrasted with nonrelativistic limits that typically give nonunitary representations. To support this dichotomy, we also point out that the ultrarelativistic and nonrelativistic limits of generic [Formula: see text] algebras differ in the structure of their nonlinear terms.
Multiferroicity in ZnO nanodumbbell/BiFeO3 nanoparticle heterostructures
Authors: Mahesh Dabbugalla , Mandal Swapan K.
Published: April 2016

We report here on the multiferroic properties of ZnO–BiFeO3 (BiFeO3 referred hereinafter as BFO) nanocomposite structures obtained by using a facile solution-based synthesis route. ZnO is found to grow in the form of well-crystallized and self-assembled dumbbell-like structures. BFO nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited onto ZnO nanodumbbells (NDs) to obtain ZnO–BFO heterostructures. The nanocomposites show prominent ferroelectric polarization hysteresis loop along with enhanced magnetization in comparison to pure BFO NPs. The ordered alignment of spins along with the suppression of Fe–O–Fe antiferromagnetic super-exchange interactions at the ZnO/BFO interface plausibly gives rise to observed multiferroic properties.
An Integrated Design Method for SOA-Based Business Modeling and Software Modeling
Authors: Song Cheeyang , Cho Eunsook
Published: April 2016

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)-based system development requires a systematic integration technique for software modeling and business modeling methods that approach the implementation component from the perspective of a business service. We proposes the integrated design method (architecture, metamodel, framework, process) for the integration of component software modeling in business process modeling notation (BPMN) business modeling to service-oriented modeling based on model-driven architecture (MDA) and model view controller (MVC) patterns according to SOA. The integrated architecture is composed of a metamodel and a process framework. The integrated metamodel is mapped to the core modeling elements of the SOA-based extended layered (XL)-BPMN/business process execution language (BPEL)/web service description language (WSDL)/component models, and the conversion profile is defined. For the establishment of the integrated process between business and software modeling, the framework is first defined; using this framework, we apply MDA (CIM: Conceptual Independent Modeling, PIM: Platform Independent Modeling, PSM: Platform Specific Modeling) and MVC patterns to define the integrated modeling process for the three development phases. The proposed modeling process was applied to the design of an online shopping mall system (OSMS). The design models were described on the basis of MDA/MVC according to the layered modeling elements defined in the individual/integrated metamodel and the three modeling phases of the integrated modeling process. The case study demonstrated that the conversion modeling task maintains the consistency and practicality between the SOA-based business and software modeling. The use of this method will make the consistent conversion modeling work between businesses and software convenient with a service orientation, will make it easy to change a business process, and will maximize the number of established reuse models.
Crommelin’s and Davidson’s visit to Amazonia and the 1919 total solar eclipse
Authors: de Lima Marcelo C. , Crispino Luís C. B.
Published: April 2016

We report the visit to Amazonia of the British astronomers Crommelin and Davidson, in their way to the Brazilian city Sobral to perform the measurements related to the total solar eclipse of 29th May 1919, as an experimental test of the Theory of General Relativity.
Compact objects in Horndeski gravity
Authors: Silva Hector O. , Maselli Andrea , Minamitsuji Masato , Berti Emanuele
Published: April 2016

Horndeski gravity holds a special position as the most general extension of Einstein’s theory of general relativity (GR) with a single scalar degree of freedom and second-order field equations. Because of these features, Horndeski gravity is an attractive phenomenological playground to investigate the consequences of modifications of GR in cosmology and astrophysics. We present a review of the progress made so far in the study of compact objects (black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs)) within Horndeski gravity. In particular, we review our recent work on slowly rotating BHs and present some new results on slowly rotating NSs.
Supernova constraints on higher-dimensional cosmology with a phantom field
Authors: Overduin James , Prins Nathan , Lee Joohan
Published: April 2016

We use observational data on the magnitude-redshift relation for Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) together with constraints on the ages of the oldest stars to rule out a higher-dimensional extension of General Relativity with a negative kinetic energy scalar field. This theory is of considerable physical interest because it produces accelerated expansion at both early and late times with a single new field, as in quintessential inflation scenarios. It is also of mathematical interest because it is characterized by an analytic expression for the macroscopic scale factor [Formula: see text]. We show that cosmological solutions of this theory can be usefully parametrized by a single quantity, the lookback time [Formula: see text] corresponding to the transition from deceleration to acceleration. Supernovae data from the recently released Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) Union 2.1 compilation single out a narrow range of values for [Formula: see text]. In the context of the theory, however, these same values of [Formula: see text] imply that the universe is much older than the oldest observed stars.
Influence of Post-Yield Stiffness on Inelastic Seismic Response: A Stochastic Analysis
Authors: Greco Rita , Monti Giorgio , Marano Giuseppe Carlo
Published: April 2016

The main objective of this study is to evaluate inelastic response spectra conditioned on constant displacement ductility demand for a single degree of freedom system, which has positive post-yield stiffness. To develop this analysis, the nonlinear Bouc–Wen model is used and it is subject to a seismic action modeled by a nonstationary stochastic process. The study utilises stochastic linearisation technique and peak theory to obtain inelastic response spectra. More in detail, inelastic acceleration spectra, response modification factor spectra, strength reduction factor spectra, yield strength spectra, and inelastic displacement ratio spectra are obtained for constant displacement ductility demand. The novelty of the present study with respect to the previous ones in this field is to obtain inelastic response spectra in stochastic terms, starting from a stochastic model of the seismic motion. Results suggest that the effect of post-yield stiffness must be considered when determining inelastic response.
On quantum dynamical entropy for open systems
Authors: Watanabe Noboru
Published: April 2016

We review some notions for quantum dynamical entropies. The dynamical entropy of quantum systems is discussed and a numerical computation of the dynamical entropy is carried for the open system dynamics.
Quantum eigenvalue estimation for irreducible non-negative matrices
Authors: Daskin Anmer
Published: April 2016

Quantum phase estimation algorithm (PEA) has been successfully adapted as a sub frame of many other algorithms applied to a wide variety of applications in different fields. However, the requirement of a good approximate eigenvector given as an input to the algorithm hinders the application of the algorithm to the problems where we do not have any prior knowledge about the eigenvector. In this paper, we show that the principal eigenvalue of an irreducible non-negative operator can be determined by using an equal superposition initial state in the PEA. This removes the necessity of the existence of an initial good approximate eigenvector. Moreover, we show that the success probability of the algorithm is related to the closeness of the operator to a stochastic matrix. Therefore, we draw an estimate for the success probability by using the variance of the column sums of the operator. This provides a priori information which can be used to know the success probability of the algorithm beforehand for the non-negative matrices and apply the algorithm only in cases when the estimated probability is reasonably high. Finally, we discuss the possible applications and show the results for random symmetric matrices and 3-local Hamiltonians with non-negative off-diagonal elements.
Abstracts of recent doctoral dissertations in computer algebra
Authors: Meng Lingchuan
Published: April 2016

Polynomial multiplication is a key algorithm underlying computer algebra systems (CAS) and its efficient implementation is crucial for the performance of CAS. In this context coefficients of polynomials come from domains such as the integers, rationals and finite fields where arithmetic is performed exactly without rounding error.
The Ste20 kinases SPAK and OSR1 travel between cells through exosomes
Authors: Koumangoye Rainelli , Delpire Eric
Published: April 2016

Proteomics studies have identified Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress response 1 (OSR1) in exosomes isolated from body fluids such as blood, saliva, and urine. Because proteomics studies likely overestimate the number of exosome proteins, we sought to confirm and extend this observation using traditional biochemical and cell biology methods. We utilized HEK293 cells in culture to verify the packaging of these Ste20 kinases in exosomes. Using a series of centrifugation and filtration steps of conditioned culture medium isolated from HEK293 cells, we isolated nanovesicles in the range of 40–100 nm. We show that these small vesicles express the tetraspanin protein CD63 and lack endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi markers, consistent with these being exosomes. We show by Western blot and immunogold analyses that these exosomes express SPAK, OSR1, and Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1). We show that exosomes are not only secreted by cells, but also accumulated by adjacent cells. Indeed, exposing cultured cells to exosomes produced by other cells expressing a fluorescently labeled kinase resulted in the kinase finding its way into the cytoplasm of these cells, consistent with the idea of exosomes serving as cell-to-cell communication vessels. Similarly, coculturing cells expressing different fluorescently tagged proteins resulted in the exchange of proteins between cells. In addition, we show that both SPAK and OSR1 kinases entering cells through exosomes are preferentially expressed at the plasma membrane and that the kinases in exosomes are functional and maintain NKCC1 in a phosphorylated state.
Gastric and pyloric sphincter muscle function and the developmental-dependent regulation of gastric content emptying in the rat
Authors: Sobchak Curtis , Fajardo A. Felipe , Shifrin Yulia , Pan Jingyi , Belik Jaques
Published: April 2016

Feeding intolerance is a common issue in the care of preterm neonates. The condition manifests as delayed emptying of gastric contents and represents a therapeutic challenge, since the factors accounting for its manifestations are unknown. The main goal of this study was to comparatively investigate the age-related function of rat gastric and pyloric smooth muscle and their putative regulators. We hypothesized that a reduced gastric muscle contraction potential early in life contributes to the delayed gastric emptying of the newborn. Newborn and adult rat gastric (fundus) and pyloric sphincter tissues were comparatively studied in vitro. Shortening of the tissue-specific dissociated smooth muscle cell was evaluated, and expression of the key regulatory proteins Rho-associated kinase 2 and myosin light chain kinase was determined. Gastric and pyloric smooth muscle cell shortening was significantly greater in the adult than the respective newborn counterpart. Expression of myosin light chain kinase and Rho-associated kinase 2 was developmentally regulated and increased with age. Pyloric sphincter muscle expresses a higher neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein content in newborn than adult tissue. Compared with later in life, the newborn rat gastropyloric muscle has a Ca2+-related reduced potential for contraction and the pyloric sphincter relaxation-dependent modulators are overexpressed. To the extent that these rodent data can be extrapolated to humans, the delayed gastric emptying in the newborn reflects reduced stomach muscle contraction potential, as opposed to increased pyloric sphincter tone.
Inhibition of SIRT2 suppresses hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Arteaga Maribel , Shang Na , Ding Xianzhong , Yong Sherri , Cotler Scott J. , Denning Mitchell F. , Shimamura Takashi , Breslin Peter , Lüscher Bernhard , Qiu Wei
Published: April 2016

Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and result in serious complications of liver disease. The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis involves the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the underlying mechanisms of which are not fully known. Emerging evidence suggests that the classic histone deacetylases play a role in liver fibrosis, but the role of another subfamily of histone deacetylases, the sirtuins, in the development of hepatic fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that blocking the activity of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) by using inhibitors or shRNAs significantly suppressed fibrogenic gene expression in HSCs. We further demonstrated that inhibition of SIRT2 results in the degradation of c-MYC, which is important for HSC activation. In addition, we discovered that inhibition of SIRT2 suppresses the phosphorylation of ERK, which is critical for the stabilization of c-MYC. Moreover, we found that Sirt2 deficiency attenuates the hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioacetamide (TAA). Furthermore, we showed that SIRT2, p-ERK, and c-MYC proteins are all overexpressed in human hepatic fibrotic tissues. These data suggest a critical role for the SIRT2/ERK/c-MYC axis in promoting hepatic fibrogenesis. Inhibition of the SIRT2/ERK/c-MYC axis represents a novel strategy to prevent and to potentially treat liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Inverse Relationship of theCMKLR1Relative Expression and Chemerin Serum Levels in Obesity with Dysmetabolic Phenotype and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Corona-Meraz Fernanda-Isadora , Navarro-Hernández Rosa-Elena , Ruíz-Quezada Sandra-Luz , Madrigal-Ruíz Perla-Monserrat , Castro-Albarrán Jorge , Chavarría-Ávila Efraín , Guzmán-Ornelas Milton-Omar , Gómez-Bañuelos Eduardo , Petri Marcelo-Herón , Ramírez-Cedano Joel-Isidro , Aguilar-Aldrete María-Elena , Ríos-Ibarra Clara , Vázquez-Del Mercado Mónica
Published: April 2016

Background. In obesity there is a subclinical chronic low-grade inflammatory response where insulin resistance (IR) may develop. Chemerin is secreted in white adipose tissue and promotes low-grade inflammatory process, where it expressedCMKLR1receptor. The role of chemerin andCMKLR1in inflammatory process secondary to obesity is not defined yet.Methods. Cross-sectional study with 134 individuals classified as with and without obesity by body mass index (BMI) and IR. Body fat storage measurements and metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured by routine methods. Soluble chemerin and basal levels of insulin by ELISA and relative expression ofCMKLR1were evaluated with qPCR and2-ΔΔCTmethod.Results. Differences (P<0.05) were observed between obesity and lean individuals in body fat storage measurements and metabolic-inflammatory markers. BothCMKLR1expression and chemerin levels were increased in obesity without IR. Soluble chemerin levels correlate with adiposity and metabolic markers (r=8.8% to 38.5%),P<0.05.Conclusion. The increment ofCMKLR1expression was associated with insulin production. Increased serum levels of chemerin in obesity were observed, favoring a dysmetabolic response. The results observed in this study suggest that both chemerin andCMKLR1have opposite expression in the context of low-grade inflammatory response manifested in the development of IR.
Split Common Fixed Point Problem for a Class of Total Asymptotic Pseudocontractions
Authors: Chima E. E. , Osilike M. O.
Published: April 2016

We study the split common fixed point problem (SCFP) for a class of total asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings. We obtain some important properties of our class of mappings including the demiclosedness property and the closedness and convexity of the fixed point set. We then propose an algorithm and prove weak and strong convergence theorems for the approximation of solutions of the SCFP for certain class of these mappings.
CYC1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Han Yingyan , Sun Shujuan , Zhao Meisong , Zhang Zeyu , Gong Song , Gao Peipei , Liu Jia , Zhou Jianfeng , Ma Ding , Gao Qinglei , Wu Peng
Published: April 2016

Cytochrome c-1 (CYC1) is an important subunit of mitochondrial complex III. However, its role in tumor progression is unclear. We found that CYC1 was upregulated in breast tumor tissues, especially in tissues with lymph node metastasis. And higher expression of CYC1 correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients using online databases and tools. Then we confirmed that CYC1 contributed to metastasis and proliferation in two highly metastatic human breast cancer cell lines. Digging into the biological function of CYC1, we found the activity of mitochondrial complex III decreased due to silencing CYC1. Then the ratio of AMP to ATP increased and AMPK was activated. Analyzing units of other mitochondrial complexes, we did not find knockdown of CYC1 expression reduced expression of any other unit of OXPHOS. We concluded that CYC1 promoted tumor metastasis via suppressing activation of AMPK and contributed to tumor growth via facilitating production of ATP. Our results indicated that CYC1 plays crucial roles in breast cancer progression and might be a predictive factor assisting future patient diagnosis.
False Positive B-Cells Crossmatch after Prior Rituximab Exposure of the Kidney Donor
Authors: Desoutter Judith , Apithy Marie-Joëlle , Bartczak Ségolène , Guillaume Nicolas
Published: April 2016

Crossmatching is essential prior to kidney transplantation to confirm compatibility between the donor and the recipient, particularly to prevent acute antibody-mediated rejection. An unexpected positive crossmatch may be obtained in recipients with an autoimmune disease or preexisting antibodies not detected by single-antigen bead array due to complement interference or who have been previously treated by desensitization protocols such as rituximab, antithymocyte globulin, or intravenous immunoglobulins. We report donor and recipient investigations that revealed unexpected positive B-cells crossmatch, probably due to donor cells, as the donor had received rituximab therapy shortly before organ harvesting, in a context of severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. We consequently detected unexpected Class II IgG complement-dependent cytotoxicity for all sera tested. Other laboratory investigations failed to elucidate the reasons for this recipient-related positivity.
Factors and Outcomes Associated with MRCP Use prior to ERCP in Patients at High Risk for Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Anand Gobind , Patel Yuval A. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Khashab Mouen A. , Lennon Anne Marie , Shin Eun Ji , Canto Marcia I. , Okolo Patrick I. , Kalloo Anthony N. , Singh Vikesh K.
Published: April 2016

Background. Consensus guidelines recommend that patients at high risk for choledocholithiasis undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) without additional imaging. This study evaluates factors and outcomes associated with performing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) prior to ERCP among patients at high risk for choledocholithiasis.Methods. An institutional administrative database was searched using diagnosis codes for choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis and procedure codes for MRCP and ERCP. Patients categorized as high risk for choledocholithiasis were evaluated.Results. 224 patients classified as high risk, of whom 176 (79%) underwent ERCP only, while 48 (21%) underwent MRCP prior to ERCP. Patients undergoing MRCP experienced longer time to ERCP (72 hours versus 35 hours,p<0.0001), longer length of stay (8 days versus 6 days,p=0.02), higher hospital charges ($23,488 versus$19,260,p=0.08), and higher radiology charges ($3,385 versus$1,711,p<0.0001). The presence of common bile duct stone(s) on ultrasound was the only independent factor associated with less use of MRCP (OR 0.09,p<0.0001).Conclusions. MRCP use prior to ERCP in patients at high risk for choledocholithiasis is common and associated with greater length of hospital stay, higher radiology charges, and a trend towards higher hospital charges.
Plasma Cytokine Profiles in Long-Term Strenuous Exercise
Authors: Nielsen Hilde G. , Øktedalen Olav , Opstad Per-Kristian , Lyberg Torstein
Published: April 2016

The open window theory indicates altered immunity 3 to 72 hours after exercise. The J-curve describes the risk of illness in response to exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the secretion of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines before and after long-term strenuous exercise. Fourteen marathon and 16 half-marathon runners and 10 military cadets participating in a military ranger-training course were recruited to this study. Within-subject design was used measuring levels of plasma cytokines before, during, and after exercise. Plasma cytokines were measured using Luminex multiplex technology and ELISA. Comparing pre/post plasma levels both the marathon- and the half-marathon runners showed heavily increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8 (P<0.001). LPS stimulation among the half-marathon runners decreased the postrace levels of IL-6, IL-1b, and TNFαby 45%, 24%, and 43%, respectively (P<0.01). During the ranger training course the spontaneous and LPS-stimulated levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1b, and TNFαchanged in a similar fashion as in the half-marathon runners although the fluctuations were smaller. Our study supports the open window and the J-curve theory; the immune system is more activated and the subjects are more threatened to infectious pathogens after intensive physical activity and in the period after exercise.
Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumour of the Dorsal Tongue Presenting with Impaired Speech
Authors: Schep Laura A. , Bullock Martin J. , Taylor S. Mark
Published: April 2016

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumours (ECTs) are rare mesenchymal soft tissue neoplasms that typically present as a slow-growing asymptomatic mass on the anterior dorsum of the tongue. Our patient presented with impaired speech articulation and pain associated with upper respiratory tract infections when the lesion on his dorsal tongue would swell, and he would accidentally bite down on it. Microscopically, ECTs appear as unencapsulated, well-circumscribed proliferations of uniform round to fusiform cells embedded within chondromyxoid matrices. Most cases of ECT have been detected in the third to the sixth decades of life, with no sex preference. ECT may cause a range of symptoms that negatively impact patients’ quality of life, including pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, bleeding, and, in the case of our patient, impairment of speech. We provide a unique preoperative clinical photograph and case description that should help readers in recognizing this neoplasm. Considering the rarity of ECT presenting clinically as well as in the literature, we believe this report will add to our growing understanding of ECT and its management. We report a case of ECT presenting on the anterior dorsal tongue that was successfully surgically resected under local anesthesia with clear margins, accompanied by a review of the pertinent literature.
8-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acid Decreases Plasma and Hepatic Triglycerides via Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Yamada Hidetoshi , Kikuchi Sayaka , Hakozaki Mayuka , Motodate Kaori , Nagahora Nozomi , Hirose Masamichi
Published: April 2016

PPARs regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. PPARs serve as molecular sensors of fatty acids, and their activation can act against obesity and metabolic syndromes. 8-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8-HEPE) acts as a PPAR ligand and has higher activity than EPA. However, to date, the PPAR ligand activity of 8-HEPE has only been demonstratedin vitro. Here, we investigated its ligand activityin vivoby examining the effect of 8-HEPE treatment on high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. After the 4-week treatment period, the levels of plasma and hepatic triglycerides in the 8-HEPE-fed mice were significantly lower than those in the HFD-fed mice. The expression of genes regulated by PPARαwas significantly increased in 8-HEPE-fed mice compared to those that received only HFD. Additionally, the level of hepatic palmitic acid in 8-HEPE-fed mice was significantly lower than in HFD-fed mice. These results suggested that intake of 8-HEPE induced PPARαactivation and increased catabolism of lipids in the liver. We found no significant differences between EPA-fed mice and HFD-fed mice. We demonstrated that 8-HEPE has a larger positive effect on metabolic syndrome than EPA and that 8-HEPE acts by inducing PPARαactivation in the liver.
Utility of Plasmapheresis in Autoimmune-Mediated Encephalopathy in Children: Potentials and Challenges
Authors: Khair Abdulhafeez M.
Published: April 2016

Autoimmune-mediated encephalopathy in children continues to constitute a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in pediatric population. Utility and usefulness in this clinical setting of plasmapheresis have seldom been evaluated in current pediatric literature. Children with immune-mediated encephalopathies represent a uniquely different group among patients presenting to intensive care units or neurological services worldwide. Arriving at a final diagnosis is not an easy task for treating physicians. It is very crucial to consider early use of first-line immunotherapy modalities, save those children’s lives and improve outcomes. Plasmapheresis is an emerging, potentially beneficial first-line therapy in such patients. However, indications, value, logistics, and procedural difficulties are often faced. This study is mainly meant to review the current knowledge in regard to the clinical value of plasmapheresis in children with immune-mediated encephalopathy.
Complete Maxillary Crossbite Correction with a Rapid Palatal Expansion in Mixed Dentition Followed by a Corrective Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Tanaka Orlando Motohiro , Fornazari Isabelle Adad , Parra Ariane Ximenes Graciano , Castilhos Bruno Borges de , Franco Ademir
Published: April 2016

This case report presents the interceptive orthodontic treatment of a boy, aged 8 years 4 months with a Class I malocclusion with severe transverse maxillary deficiency and complete maxillary crossbite and correction using Haas expansion and fixed appliance. The treatment goals were to correct the posterior crossbite and anterior crossbite and restore the normality of the dentition and occlusion. In phase I, the patient was treated with a modified Haas-type palatal expander, which provided a clinically significant palatal expansion and increased the maxillary arch perimeter with favorable conditions for orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in phase II. The optimization of E-space and the use of intermaxillary Class III elastics helped to maintain the mandibular incisors upright. A removable wraparound type appliance and a bonded lingual canine-to-canine retainer were used as retention. Although the literature has reported a high rate of relapse after palatal expansion, after 2 years 9 months of posttreatment follow-up, the occlusal result was stable and no skeletal reversals could be detected.
Isolation and Characterization of a Broad Spectrum Bacteriocin fromBacillus amyloliquefaciensRX7
Authors: Lim Kong Boon , Balolong Marilen P. , Kim Sang Hoon , Oh Ju Kyoung , Lee Ji Yoon , Kang Dae-Kyung
Published: April 2016

We isolated aBacillusstrain, RX7, with inhibitory activity againstListeria monocytogenesfrom soil and identified it asBacillus amyloliquefaciensbased on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The inhibitory activity was stable over a wide range of pH and was fully retained after 30 min at 80°C, after which it decreased gradually at higher temperatures. The activity was sensitive to the proteolytic action ofα-chymotrypsin, proteinase-K, and trypsin, indicating its proteinaceous nature. This bacteriocin was active against a broad spectrum of bacteria and the fungusCandida albicans. Direct detection of antimicrobial activity on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel suggested an apparent molecular mass of approximately 5 kDa. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography integrated with reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography were used for bacteriocin purification. Automated N-terminal Edman degradation of the purified RX7 bacteriocin recognized the first 15 amino acids as NH2-X-Ala-Trp-Tyr-Asp-Ile-Arg-Lys-Leu-Gly-Asn-Lys-Gly-Ala, where the letter X in the sequence indicates an unknown or nonstandard amino acid. Based on BLAST similarity search and multiple alignment analysis, the obtained partial sequence showed high homology with the two-peptide lantibiotic haloduracin (HalA1) fromBacillus halodurans, although at least two amino acids differed between the sequences. A time-kill study demonstrated a bactericidal mode of action of RX7 bacteriocin.
Input-to-State Stability of Linear Stochastic Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Kadiev Ramazan , Ponosov Arcady
Published: April 2016

The purpose of the paper is to show how asymptotic properties, first of all stochastic Lyapunov stability, of linear stochastic functional differential equations can be studied via the property of solvability of the equation in certain pairs of spaces of stochastic processes, the property which we call input-to-state stability with respect to these spaces. Input-to-state stability and hence the desired asymptotic properties can be effectively verified by means of a special regularization, also known as “theW-method” in the literature. How this framework provides verifiable conditions of different kinds of stochastic stability is shown.
A Method of Assigning Weights Using a Ranking and Nonhierarchy Comparison
Authors: Song Bangweon , Kang Seokjoong
Published: April 2016

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has advantages that the whole number of comparisons can be reduced via a hierarchy structure and the consistency of responses verified via a consistency ratio. However, at the same time, the AHP has disadvantages that values vary according to the form of hierarchy structure and it is difficult to maintain consistency itself among responses. If the number of comparisons can be reduced, a comparison within a single level is optimal, and if comparison can be made while the priority among entities is maintained, consistency may be automatically maintained. Thus, in this study, we propose a method of assigning weights, which applies hierarchy structure of AHP and pairwise comparison but complements the disadvantages of AHP. This method has advantages that the number of comparisons can be reduced and also consistency is automatically maintained via determination of priorities first on multiple entities and subsequent comparisons between entities with adjoined priorities.
Medical Evidence Influence on Inpatients and Nurses Pain Ratings Agreement
Authors: Samolsky Dekel Boaz Gedaliahu , Gori Alberto , Vasarri Alessio , Sorella Maria Cristina , Di Nino Gianfranco , Melotti Rita Maria
Published: April 2016

Biased pain evaluation due to automated heuristics driven by symptom uncertainty may undermine pain treatment; medical evidence moderators are thought to play a role in such circumstances. We explored, in this cross-sectional survey, the effect of such moderators (e.g., nurse awareness of patients’ pain experience and treatment) on the agreement betweenn=862inpatients’ self-reported pain andn=115nurses’ pain ratings using a numerical rating scale. We assessed the mean of absolute difference, agreement (κ-statistics), and correlation (Spearman rank) of inpatients and nurses’ pain ratings and analyzed congruence categories’ (CCs: underestimation, congruence, and overestimation) proportions and dependence upon pain categories for each medical evidence moderator (χ2analysis). Pain ratings agreement and correlation were limited; the CCs proportions were further modulated by the studied moderators. Medical evidence promoted in nurses overestimation of low and underestimation of high inpatients’ self-reported pain. Knowledge of the negative influence of automated heuristics driven by symptoms uncertainty and medical-evidence moderators on pain evaluation may render pain assessment more accurate.
The Impact of Serum Amyloid P-Component on Gene Expression in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophages
Authors: Xi Dan , Zhao Jinzhen , Liu Jichen , Xiong Haowei , He Wenshuai , Hu Jing , Lai Wenyan , Guo Zhigang
Published: April 2016

Serum amyloid P-component (SAP) contributes to host defense and prevents fibrosis. Macrophages are the most abundant inflammatory cell type in atherosclerotic plaques. In the present study, using3H-cholesterol-labeled counting radioactivity assay, we demonstrated that the apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages was increased by SAP treatment in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We analyzed global gene expression changes upon SAP treatment using RNA sequencing. As a result, a total of 175 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 134 genes were downregulated and 41 genes were upregulated in SAP treated cells compared to control cells. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed decreased expression of 5 genes and an increase in expression of 1 gene upon SAP treatment. Gene ontology analysis showed that genes involved in response to stimulus were significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes. Beyond protein-coding genes, we also identified 8 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs. Our study may provide new insights into mechanisms underlying the functional role of SAP in macrophages.
Influence of the Melissa officinalis Leaf Extract on Long‐Term Memory in Scopolamine Animal Model with Assessment of Mechanism of Action
Authors: Ozarowski Marcin , Mikolajczak Przemyslaw L. , Piasecka Anna , Kachlicki Piotr , Kujawski Radoslaw , Bogacz Anna , Bartkowiak-Wieczorek Joanna , Szulc Michal , Kaminska Ewa , Kujawska Malgorzata , Jodynis-Liebert Jadwiga , Gryszczynska Agnieszka , Opala Bogna , Lowicki Zdzislaw , Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka , Czerny Boguslaw
Published: April 2016

Melissa officinalis (MO, English: lemon balm, Lamiaceae), one of the oldest and still most popular aromatic medicinal plants, is used in phytomedicine for the prevention and treatment of nervous disturbances. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of subchronic (28‐fold) administration of a 50% ethanol extract of MO leaves (200 mg/kg, p.o.) compared with rosmarinic acid (RA, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and huperzine A (HU, 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) on behavioral and cognitive responses in scopolamine‐induced rats. The results were linked with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and beta‐secretase (BACE‐1) mRNA levels and AChE and BuChE activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats. In our study, MO and HU, but not RA, showed an improvement in long‐term memory. The results were in line with mRNA levels, since MO produced a decrease of AChE mRNA level by 52% in the cortex and caused a strong significant inhibition of BACE1 mRNA transcription (64% in the frontal cortex; 50% in the hippocampus). However, the extract produced only an insignificant inhibition of AChE activity in the frontal cortex. The mechanisms of MO action are probably more complicated, since its role as a modulator of beta‐secretase activity should be taken into consideration.
CA125 and HE4: Measurement Tools for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Hu Weiping
Published: April 2016

Aims: This study aimed to examine the clinical significance of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) serum levels in combination for ovarian cancer detection in patients. Methods: In total, 75 patients with ovarian cancer, 86 patients with benign ovarian tumors, 75 patients with endometriosis and 34 healthy women (as a control group) were selected from January 2012 to July 2015 at Anhui province hospitals. The sensitivity and specificity of detection of CA125, HE4 and combined CA125 + HE4 in serum were analyzed for each group. Results: HE4 and CA125 serum levels in the ovarian cancer group were higher than those in the other 3 groups (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of CA125 was higher than that of HE4 (88.2 vs. 54.7%, respectively), whereas the specificity of HE4 was higher than that of CA125 (97.9 vs. 67.4%, respectively). In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of HE4 combined with CA125 were 82.7 and 91.4%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve values of HE4, CA125 and HE4 + CA125 were 0.889, 0.893 and 0.925, respectively. Conclusions: Combined detection of CA125 with HE4 can improve the sensitivity and specificity of ovarian cancer diagnosis and has certain clinical significance that can guide treatment planning.
Impact of Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome on Short- and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure
Authors: Kim Chan Joon , Choi Ik-Jun , Park Hun-Jun , Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Pum-Joon , Chang Kiyuk , Baek Sang Hong , Chung Wook Sung , Seung Ki-Bae
Published: April 2016

Background: Dysfunctional interplay between the heart and kidneys may lead to the development of anemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) on short- and long-term outcomes among patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF). Methods: We enrolled 303 patients hospitalized with HF. We divided the patients into two groups: a CRAS group (n = 64) and a non-CRAS group (n = 239). We defined CRAS as HF accompanied by (1) an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease at admission and (2) a hemoglobin level <12 g/dl for females and <13 g/dl for males at admission. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and rehospitalization for HF. Results: During a median follow-up period of 25.6 months (range 0.1-35.3 months), the patients with CRAS had a significantly increased risk for the primary outcome (27.5 vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001) compared with the patients in the non-CRAS group. Using Cox proportional hazard analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) for the presence of CRAS was found to be 1.874 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.011-3.475, p = 0.046); HRs were also computed for the presence of diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.241, 95% CI 1.221-4.112, p = 0.009), New York Heart Association class III or IV HF (HR = 2.948, 95% CI 1.206-7.205, p = 0.018) and the use of intravenous loop diuretics (HR = 2.286, 95% CI 0.926-5.641, p = 0.073). Conclusions: Renal dysfunction and anemia are a fatal combination and are associated with poor prognosis in patients with HF.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: A Promising Biomarker in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ingold Heppner Barbara , Loibl Sibylle , Denkert Carsten
Published: April 2016

There is clear evidence that the immune system plays an essential role in tumor defense. By determining tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the individual immunological response becomes more apparent and measurable. In breast cancer, high levels of TILs are associated with a more favorable clinical course. In this review, we describe how TILs are determined with emphasis on daily routine diagnostics. We further discuss their impact as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy setting as well as in residual disease. We also discuss their potential future implications on further stratifying prognostic subgroups of breast cancer, thereby possibly influencing future therapy considerations.