bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An examination of Eyal & Hurst’s (2008) framework for promoting retention in resource-poor settings through locally-relevant training: A case study for the University of Guyana Surgical Training Program
Authors: Prashad Anupa , Cameron Brian , McConnell Meghan , Rambaran Madan , Grierson Lawrence
Published: April 2020

Background: Eyal and Hurst proposed that locally relevant medical education can offset the prevalence of physician “brain drain” in resource-poor regions of the world, and presented a framework of the ethical and pragmatic benefits and concerns posed by these initiatives. The present study explored the framework’s utility through a case study of the University of Guyana Diploma in Surgery (UGDS) programMethods: The framework’s utility was evaluated using a case study designthat included review and analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with graduates, trainees, faculty members, and policy makers associated with the UGDS program. Data were analyzed from constructivist and interpretivist perspectives, and compared against the benefits and concerns described by Eyal and Hurst.Results: The framework is a useful template for capturing the breadth of experience of locally relevant training in the Guyanese setting. However, the results suggest that delineating the framework factors as either beneficial or concerning may constrict its applicability. The case study design also provided specific insights about the UGDS program, which indicate that the Program has promoted the retention of graduates and a sustainable culture of postgraduate medical education in Guyana.Conclusion: It is suggested that the framework be modified so as to represent the benefits and concerns of locally relevant training along a continuum of advantage. These approaches may help us understand retention within a resource-poor country, but also within particularly remote areas and public health care systems generally.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ИМПУЛЬСНЫХ СИГНАЛОВ В МЕЛКОМ МОРЕ ВДОЛЬ КРОМКИ КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНОГО ШЕЛЬФА
Authors: Golov A.A. , Morgunov Yu.N. , Sorokin M.A. , Petrov P.S.
Published: April 2020

Анализируются результаты натурного эксперимента по распространению импульсных акустических сигналов на шельфе Японского моря в осенне-летний период 2018 года. Цель эксперимента состояла в определении времен прихода и эффективных скоростей распространения сигналов вдоль акустической трассы,ориентированной вдоль кромки шельфа. В ходе теоретического анализа и моделирования распространенияакустических колебаний для условий эксперимента разработана методика прогноза эффективных скоростейраспространения импульсных сигналов на большие расстояния в мелком море. Методика основана на усреднении групповых скоростей первой модальной компоненты сигнала по всей трассе.

The purpose of the paper is to present the interpretation of field experiments, dedicated to studying the propagation of impulse acoustic signals on the shelf of the Sea of Japan in the autumn-summer period of 2018. The main goal of the experiments was to determine arrival times and effective sound velocities of the propagation of the pulsed signals in underwater acoustic path trace oriented along the edge of the continental shelf. During theoretical analysis and modeling of sound propagation, the methodology for predicting the effective propagation velocity of pulsed signals over long hauls in the shallow sea was developed. It is based on averaging of the group velocities of the first modal component of the signal over the entire path.
Analisis Materi Sistem Periodik Unsur Pada Buku Teks Kimia SMA/MA Kelas X
Authors: Anipah Anipah , Fatah Abdul Hadjranul , Syarpin Syarpin
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah (1) Buku teks kimia SMA kelas X, penulis Unggul Sudarmo terbitan Erlangga tahun 2013 (2) Buku teks kimia SMA kelas X penulis Endang-Tarti Harjani terbitan PT. Wangsa Jatra Lestari tahun 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis materi sistem periodik unsur pada masing-masing buku, menganalisis kesesuaian label konsep buku A terhadap buku B, analisis struktur makro wacana pada buku A dan B, analisis representasi kimia dan menganalisis label konsep buku A dab B terhadap Kurikulum 2013. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Buku A dan B memiliki kesesuaian konsep yang cukup bagus terhadap Kurikulum 2013 dan hanya materi isotop, isoton, dan isobar yang tidak disajikan. Topik pada buku A yaitu Sistem Periodik Unsur, sedangkan pada buku B tabel periodik unsur. Pada buku A dan B sama-sama banyak memiliki kriteria representasi simbolik.
The impact of tumour pH on cancer progression: strategies for clinical intervention
Authors: Ward Carol , Meehan James , Gray Mark E , Murray Alan F , Argyle David J , Kunkler Ian H , Langdon Simon P
Published: April 2020

Dysregulation of cellular pH is frequent in solid tumours and provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The acidic microenvironment within a tumour can promote migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Pathways associated with the control of intracellular pH that are under consideration for intervention include carbonic anhydrase IX, the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT, MCT1 and MCT4), the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. This review will describe progress in the development of inhibitors to these targets.
Expression of β-Catenin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Basa Norina , Lazar Daniela , Cornea Remus , Taban Sorina , Ardelean Melania , Faur Alexandra , Tudor Anca , Barna Robert , Goldis Adrian , Dobrescu Amadeus , Goldis Ramona , Cornianu Marioara
Published: April 2020

Alteration of β-catenin expression is involved in the development and evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); β-catenin is able to influence tumor cell proliferation. We analyzed the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of β-catenin on a group of 32 patients diagnosed with HCC using the anti-β-catenin monoclonal antibody (clone E247). We correlated the expression of β-catenin with the proliferation index of Ki-67 (PI Ki-67), the mitotic index (MI) and other clinical and pathological features. We observed an altered β-catenin expression in 58.38% of all HCC cases. This expression was insignificantly correlated with tumor size (]5 cm) (p = 0.683), histological grade G1-G2 (p = 0.307), vascular invasion (p = 0.299) and advanced pT stage (p = 0.453); we obtained a significantly higher MI in HCC with altered β-catenin expression (p = 0.018), as compared to HCC without overexpression (1.66 � 1.37) (p = 0.038) and a PI Ki-67 of 22.49 � 20.1 and 28.24 � 18.2, respectively in tumors with altered β-catenin expression with insignificant differences compared to HCC without overexpression (25.95 � 15.2) (p = 0.682 and p = 0.731, respectively). According to the results we obtained, aberrant β-catenin expression in HCC was correlated with a high mitotic index, therefore playing an important role in tumor progression by stimulating tumor cell proliferation; non-nuclear β-catenin overexpression can have a pathological significance in HCC, especially in cases of HCC associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
High Entropy Alloys Behaviour During Welding
Authors: Scutelnicu Elena , Simion George , Rusu Carmen Catalina , Gheonea Marius Corneliu , Voiculescu Ionelia , Geanta Victor
Published: April 2020

The High Entropy Alloys have been developed in the last two decades by mixing at least four chemical elements in equiatomic or quasi-equiatomic proportions. Due to the large range of structures and outstanding properties, these advanced materials can be used for structural, high-temperature, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, oxidation-resistant, and electrical elements. In order to extend the applicability area of High Entropy Alloys and to improve the knowledge in terms of their behaviour, the researchers worldwide have investigated the phenomena generated by the welding process and its effects produced on their properties. The findings have revealed that these special alloys can be recommended to be used both in high and low-temperature applications. This paper presents a review focused on the weldability and behaviour of CoCrFeMnNi, AlCoCrCuFeNi, AlCrFeCoNi, and CoCrFeNi alloys during Friction Stir Welding, Electron Beam Welding, Laser Beam Welding, and Tungsten Inert Gas. Original results related to the weldability and behaviour of new AlCrFeMnNi alloys developed and subjected to Shielded Metal Arc Welding, as a technical solution for performing morpho-functional structures used in the military field, are presented and discussed, too. The experimental results demonstrated that an appropriate selection of joining technique and filler metal, as well as an optimal combination of process parameters led to performing quality joints, free of defects.
Thermochemistry of Eight Membered Ring Hydrocarbons. The Enthalpy of Formation of Cyclooctane
Authors: Gheorghe Daniela , Neacsu Ana , Perisanu Stefan
Published: April 2020

A new value of the enthalpy of formation of cyclooctane (-156.2�1.2 kJ mol-1) based on heat of combustion measurements is reported. Its solid - liquid phase change was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry in both directions revealing an overcooling effect of over 23 K. Our enthalpy of formation of cyclooctane was used together with literature values of heats of hydrogenation of 8 carbon atoms cycloolefins to calculate the enthalpies of formation of the later. The strain energies of the investigated molecules were calculated and discussed.
HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profiling of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids And Sesquiterpene Lactones from Xanthium spinosum
Authors: Varga Erzsebet , Domokos Erzsebet , Kelemen Hajnal , Fulop Ibolya , Kursinszki Laszlo
Published: April 2020

Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum L.) is used worldwide in traditional medicine to treat a diverse range of health problems including urinary problems associated with various prostate diseases. The aim of this study was to complete the identification and structural characterization of the chemical constituents from the aerial part of X. spinosum by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. From the unequivocally detected and characterized compounds of aqueous-methanol extract, protocatechuic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid were found for the first time in X. spinosum. Besides these compounds, 25 phenolics (including 7 hydroxybenzoic derivatives, 13 hydroxycinnamic derivatives, one benzyl alcohol-hexose-pentose, and 4 flavonoids), 6 sesquiterpenes and 3 diterpenes were tentatively identified.
EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA DE SUSTRATO SOBRE LA ESTRUCTURA Y RESISTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA DE PELÍCULAS DELGADAS DE NITRURO DE MOLIBDENO
Authors: Valdivia Rodas José Noé , Jáuregui Rosas Segundo , De La Cruz Rodríguez Pedro , Guevara Vera Manuel Enrique , Talledo Coronado Talledo Coronado
Published: April 2020

Películas delgadas de nitruro de molibdeno fueron depositadas sobre obleas de silicio (111) mediante la técnica de la pulverización catódica magnética reactiva DC, a la temperatura de sustrato de 100, 200, 300 y 400 °C, en la mezcla de gases (Ar+N2 ) a la presión de trabajo de 4,3x-3 torr. La composición de las películas ha sido definida con espectroscopia Auger (AES). La difracción de rayos X muestra que tales películas presentan una orientación cristalográfica preferencial a lo largo del plano (112) y el tamaño de grano se incrementa desde 8,21 a 13,16 nm en el rango de 100 a 400 °C de la temperatura de sustrato. La resistividad de las películas disminuye con el aumento de la temperatura de sustrato desde 74,20 a 2,45 μΩ.cm mostrando características óhmicas. El valor más bajo de la resistividad eléctrica fue de 2,45 μΩ.cm a la temperatura de sustrato de 400 °C.
Une figure transactionnelle : Jonny Daniels
Authors: Kichelewski Audrey
Published: April 2020

À partir de l’analyse des récents débats publics polonais autour du rôle de la société polonaise face au génocide des Juifs, et à la lumière des travaux sur la structure et l’histoire de l’antisémitisme en Pologne, cette contribution interroge les opérations promues par les entrepreneurs de mémoire officielle, collectifs (le parti Droit et Justice au pouvoir) et individuels – avec l’exemple de Jonny Daniels, un homme d’affaires anglo-israélien vivant à Varsovie. Ces actions répondent à des logiques distinctes sur le plan intérieur, où il s’agit de donner des garanties à une partie de son électorat et à l’international, où l’enjeu est de maintenir des bonnes relations avec Israël et les États-Unis.
Les méandres de la mémoire et l’oubli
Authors: Halamska Maria , Deleixhe Thibault
Published: April 2020

À l’occasion du 100 e  anniversaire de l’indépendance de la Pologne en 2018, l’Institut du développement rural et de l’agriculture a édité un ouvrage consacré à la publication des souvenirs des habitants de la campagne. Il présente un choix de témoignages collectés auprès des agriculteurs et de leurs familles dans le cadre d’un concours de récits mémoriels, organisé avec l’appui d’une maison d’édition de magazines destinés aux agriculteurs. Les histoires de vie ainsi recueillies sont pleines des évènements dramatiques traversés par la paysannerie polonaise au cours du siècle passé. Ces témoignages constituent un matériau précieux pour les chercheurs de l’Académie polonaise des sciences qui leur permet d’analyser la manière dont les mémoires paysannes ont conservé et transmis les traces des vicissitudes du siècle écoulé.
Construire la procédure au parlement de Paris, de Saint Louis à Philippe le Bel : étude de cas
Authors: Meissonnier Antoine
Published: April 2020

Entre 1269 et 1307, l’évêque de Mende et le roi de France s’opposent à propos de leurs pouvoirs judiciaires respectifs sur le Gévaudan. L’étalement du procès sur près de quarante ans fournit un sujet d’étude privilégié pour mesurer la structuration du pouvoir royal, autant dans ses théories que dans son organisation concrète, à cette période féconde constituée par les règnes de Louis IX, Philippe le Hardi et Philippe le Bel. Les sources conservées, malgré quelques zones d’ombre, permettent de suivre la procédure en détail et de connaître le regard rétrospectif jeté par les conseillers de Philippe le Bel sur les débuts de celle-ci, quelques dizaines d’années plus tôt. En usant du droit romain, la justice quitte progressivement le domaine des relations humaines pour entrer dans le domaine des concepts juridiques. Même si les règles ne sont pas encore claires et consensuelles, la justice n’est plus seulement le résultat de la décision d’une autorité, aussi sacrée soit-elle. Elle doit respecter les règles issues de certains concepts intangibles, gagnant ainsi en absolu et en universalisme.
La sagesse comme instance d’accomplissement dans la théologie biblique de Paul Beauchamp
Authors: Bourgine Benoît
Published: April 2020

Le projet de théologie biblique de Paul Beauchamp accorde une place centrale à la sagesse. L’article présente les voies par lesquelles la sagesse rend compte, dans l’œuvre de Beauchamp, du mouvement d’accomplissement des Écritures. Quatre directions sont explorées : la sagesse respectivement comme connaissance de l’origine et de la condition de créature, travail de la parole et matrice d’écriture, rapport d’Israël aux Nations entre particularisme et universalisme, figure biblique du Dieu un et trine.
A Theoretical Approach to Establish the Duration of Denudation on Limestone Surface
Authors: Szunyogh Gábor
Published: April 2020

V članku obravnavam hitrost kraške denudacije na primeru nagnjene apnenčaste plošče, neposredno izpostavljene dežju. Zanima me, kako je hitrost denudacije odvisna od parametrov kot so naklon površine, količina in intenziteta padavin ter smer in hitrost vetra. Odgovor poiščem v rešitvi diferencialne enačbe, ki opisuje hitrost zniževanja površine. Izkaže se, da se hitrost denudacije ne veča sorazmerno z intenziteto padavin in da nikoli ne preseže določene mejne vrednosti. Dolgotrajno deževje majhne intenzitete povzroča višjo denudacijsko stopnjo, kot niz kratkotrajnih padavin. Hitrost denudacije narašča s hitrostjo vetra, vendar le do določene hitrosti.This paper deals with the question of how the duration of karstic denudation depends on the dip angle, the annual amount of precipitation, the rain intensity, and the prevailing wind direction and speed in case of an initially plane, sloping limestone surface without soil cover. The answer is given by the solution of a differential equation system describing the lowering speed of the rock surface. It turns out that the rate of the denudation does not increase in proportion to the intensity of precipitation and that it can never exceed a maximal value. Furthermore, long, soft rains result in higher annual denudation than short, abundant downpours. With increasing wind-speed the corrosion rate also increases, but above a certain wind speed the dissolution does not become faster. This paper presents numerical examples with diagrams about how these factors affect the expected duration of denudation.
Strukturna lega Habečkovega brezna (Idrijsko, Slovenija)
Authors: Čar Jože , Zagozda Bojana
Published: April 2020

With detailed geological mapping at a scale 1:5 000, beside general geological data also the structural and tectonical circumstances of the surrounding of Habečkovo brezno were recognised. The complicated tension deformations developed in compressive condition and the thrust contact are the main reasons for development of hydrological and surface karst features. With kinematical reconstruction we recognised that 400 m deep Habečkovo brezno has a special structural and hydrological location.   S podrobnim geološkim kartiranjem smo poleg splošnih geoloških podatkov rekonstruirali tudi strukturne in tektonske razmere. Pri tem smo ugotovili zapletene natezne deformacije, ki jih sicer na prvi pogled ni mogoče razložiti v splošnih tlačnih pogojih. Prav natezne deformacije predstavljajo poleg narivnega kontakta bistveno osnovo za razvoj hidroloških razmer in površinske kraške morfologije obravnavanega terena. Z rekonstrukcijo kinematskega razvoja ozemlja smo ugotovili, da ima 400 m globoko Habečkovo brezno izjemen strukturni in hidrološki položaj.
Terrestrial Fauna from Cavities in Northern and Central Slovenia, and a Review of Systematically Ecologically Investigated Cavities
Authors: Novak Tone
Published: April 2020

In the years 1977-2001, the fauna of and ecological conditions in 55 cavities – caves and artificial tunnels – in northern and central Slovenia were systematically investigated. Zoogeographically, this is the meeting point of the Alpine, Pannonian and Dinaric biome. This article lists 321 terrestrial genera, 456 species and 100 subspecies belonging to 183 families, that had been recorded by 2005 in cavities of this region in the course of our own investigations, and that have been cited in the references. This taxonomical review serves as a foundation for understanding ecological and other treatise on the terrestrial fauna in the hypogean habitats of northern and central Slovenia, those that have been published ones, as well as those in preparation. The overview of the systematically investigated cavities, and the review of the methods and techniques used has been added to provide general information about the morphology of these caves, and the ecological research within them.   V letih 1977-2001 smo sistematsko raziskovali kopensko favno in ekološke razmere v 55 votlinah – jamah in izkopanih rovih – severne in osrednje Slovenije. Zoogeografsko je to ozemlje na stičišču alpskega, panonskega in deloma dinarskega bioma. V članku je pregled 321 rodov, 456 vrst in 100 podvrst živali iz 183 družin, ki so bile do leta 2005 najdene v votlinah tega območja med lastnimi raziskavami ter po podatkih iz citirane literature. Taksonomski pregled je osnova in opora za razumevanje ekoloških ter drugih razprav o kopenski favni v podzemeljskih habitatih severne in osrednje Slovenije, ki so že objavljene in ki jih pripravljamo. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene votline, v katerih so potekale sistematske ekološke raziskave, ter naštete uporabljene metode in tehnike, s čimer je omogočen vpogled v morfologijo ekološko raziskanih votlin ter metode raziskovanja
Ivor Ripka, Aspekty slovenskej dialektológie (Prešov 2002)
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: April 2020

Slovaški dialektolog in narečni slovaropisec Ivor Ripka v knjigi z naslovom Vidiki slovaške dialektologije v devetih prispevkih piše o jezikovnem zemljepisu (lingvistični geografiji) kot osnovi dialektologije in o besedoslovju narečnega slovaropisja, predstavlja pa tudi prispevke k teoriji družbeno-terenskih (socioterenskih) raziskav.
Komentiranje leksično‑besedotvornih kart v 1. zvezku Slovenskega lingvističnega atlasa »Človek« (na primeru V617 teta in V618 ujna)
Authors: Smole Vera , Petek Urška
Published: April 2020

Komentarji so ena od bistvenih, a tudi najbolj variabilnih sestavin vsakega lingvističnega atlasa. V prispevku bo na primeru komentarjev h kartama za vprašanji V617 teta in V618 ujna predlagana zgradba komentarja, kakršnega bi lahko imel 1. leksično‑besedotvorni zvezek Slovenskega lingvističnega atlasa s pomenskim poljem »človek«.
Etimon, poimenovalni motiv in pomen lastnih imen
Authors: Šrámek Rudolf
Published: April 2020

V pričujočem članku je v kratkem opisu pojmov (= sistemskih kategorij) etimon, proprialni poimenovalni motiv in proprialna vsebina podan poskus, da bi zajeli najbolj bistveno, kar ustvarja razliko med apelativnim in proprialnim. Na koncu je opozorjeno na razvojne tendence, ki se v imenoslovju izraziteje uveljavljajo od polovice 20. stoletja naprej.
Iz prvotnih ledinskih imen tvorjena hišna imena v spodnji Zadrečki dolini
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: April 2020

V Zgornji Savinjski dolini so najstarejša hišna imena tista, ki so tvorjena iz prvotnih ledinskih imen. Prispevek predstavlja današnjo razširjenost tovrstnih hišnih imen v spodnji Zadrečki dolini (kjer se med Gornjim Gradom in Nazarjami govori zgornjesavinjsko narečje) z izpeljankami vred.
Profesorica Bożena Ostromęcka-Frączak – jezikoslovna vez med Poljsko in Slovenijo
Authors: Wtorkowska Maria
Published: April 2020

Velik del življenja in dosežkov prof. dr. Bożene Ostromęcke-Frączak, jezikoslovke Filološke fakultete Univerze v Lodžu, vodje novoustanovljene Katedre za uporabno in kulturno jezikoslovje, je povezan s Slovenijo, predvsem s Filozofsko fakulteto Univerze v Ljubljani. Področje njenega raziskovanja so poleg poljsko-ruskih tudi poljsko-slovenski jezikovni in kulturni stiki, med drugim pa je soavtorica slovensko-poljskega slovarja in sodna tolmačka za slovenski jezik. Pomembni so profesoričini dosežki na področju poučevanja poljščine kot drugega/tujega jezika in poljskega oblikoslovja. Za svojo najnovejšo monografijo o zgodovini slovenskega slovaropisja je oktobra 2008 prejela nagrado rektorja Univerze v Lodžu za znanstveno-raziskovalne dosežke.
Priimki Košmelj, Košmrlj in Minodraš
Authors: Torkar Silvo
Published: April 2020

V prispevku je na podlagi zgodovinskih virov in narečnega gradiva podan poskus izapelativne etimologije priimkov Košmelj in Košmrlj, medtem ko se za priimek Minodraš na podlagi primerjalnega slovanskega gradiva ugotavlja izvor v slovanskem antroponimu *Ninodrag.
Ob 70. rojstnem dnevu doc. dr. Vlada Nartnika
Authors: Škofic Jožica
Published: April 2020

Osemindvajsetega aprila 2011 je svoj 70. rojstni dan v družbi sodelavcev Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU praznoval doc. dr. Vlado Nartnik.
Grzecznościowe zachowania językowe w środowisku wiejskim na przykładzie gwary spiskiej w Polsce
Authors: Grochola-Szczepanek Helena
Published: April 2020

V prispevku je predstavljen model jezikovne vljudnosti v spiškem narečju na ozemlju Poljske. Obravnavani so ogovarjanje ter obrazci ob pozdravu in slovesu. Opozorjeno je tudi na odstopanja od sprejetih norm in na pojavljanje novih vljudnostnih oblik v vaškem okolju.
Kratek pregled slovenskega pravopisja od konca devetnajstega stoletja do danes
Authors: Gložančev Alenka
Published: April 2020

Članek prinaša kratek pregled slovenskih pravopisov, začenši s prvim samostojnim slovenskim pravopisom, ki ga je sestavil Fran Leveč (1899), ter nadaljujoč s prikazom drugih nosilnih pravopisov in manjših pravopisnih priročnikov v 20. stoletju. Nekaj pozornosti posveti tudi odmevom na posamezen nosilni pravopis, saj tudi odmevi ilustrirajo, kako občutljivo jezikoslovno in jezikovnokulturno področje je oblikovanje pravopisnih del.
Jubileji
Authors: Hajnšek-Holz Milena
Published: April 2020

Letos obhajamo v Inštitutu za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša osemdesetletnico Jože Meze ter se spominjamo osemdesetletnice rojstva Staneta Suhadolnika in sedemdesetletnice rojstva Jakoba Riglerja - treh pomembnih sodelavcev in soavtorjev Slovarja slovenskega knjižnega jezika.
La fabrique de la donnée géolocalisée
Authors: Severo Marta , Giraud Timothée
Published: April 2020

Face au succès des études urbaines s’appuyant sur Twitter, l’article vise à approfondir la fabrique de la donnée géolocalisée sur cette plateforme. À partir d’un cas d’étude réalisé sur les tweets localisés à Paris pendant l’année 2016, il livre une analyse sociotechnique des mécanismes de production et de représentation des tweets géolocalisés. En prenant en compte les interactions entre aspects techniques et sociaux, il souligne les effets de sens produits par la matérialité du dispositif et met en discussion l’emploi récent des données géolocalisées comme traces numériques de l’agir social et, plus particulièrement, le concept de « soi spatial ».
De la production à la maintenance : faire exister collectivement des données géographiques ouvertes
Authors: Denis Jérôme , Marquet Clément
Published: April 2020

L’article décrit les différentes étapes qui ont ponctué la collaboration entre les équipes de Transilien et celles d’OpenStreetMap France dans l’élaboration d’une base de données géographique ouverte cartographiant les gares du réseau d’Île-de-France. Il montre que les partenaires de ce projet se sont confrontés à une série d’épreuves qui les a progressivement conduits à reconsidérer la place des données qu’ils souhaitaient rendre disponibles, à trouver les moyens d’équiper le travail des données lui-même, mais aussi à se réorganiser au fil du temps. De la redéfinition des conditions de production des données jusqu’à la prise en compte des modalités de leur maintenance, ces épreuves mettent en lumière l’épaisseur sociotechnique des données géographiques destinées à être « ouvertes » et du travail sur lequel repose leur existence et leur disponibilité. Ce cas invite à prêter attention aux formes de coopération qui s’inventent lors de la fabrique des données et qui font émerger des possibles alternatifs pour la gouvernance numérique des territoires.
Les visualisations des données urbaines : de Bruno Latour à Lev Manovich
Authors: Dondero Maria Giulia
Published: April 2020

L’article étudie la manière dont la ville se rend visible et analysable à travers ses pratiques interstitielles, voire à travers les actions quotidiennes des habitants ainsi que par les services fournis par des institutions diverses. Nous prenons comme objet d’analyse le projet On Broadway dans lequel Lev Manovich et trois artistes visualisent les photographies produites et partagées sur Instagram par les habitants et les touristes tout au long de l’avenue newyorkaise du même nom, pendant une période de temps donnée, en les mettant en relation avec d’autres données telles celles concernant les transports privés, la fréquentation des restaurants, les revenus par foyer, etc. Selon notre interprétation, ce projet vise à problématiser le rapport entre visions locale et globale de la ville, à savoir entre événement singulier et tendances collectives. L’article établit aussi une comparaison entre la pensée de Bruno Latour et les expériences de Lev Manovich. Dans le travail de ce dernier, nous repérons une tentative similaire à celle de Bruno Latour de construire des représentations des villes du monde à partir de ce qui est souterrain ou caché et de les visualiser à travers des diagrammes qui décomposent et recomposent les produits visuels et non visuels de la ville.
Ce que les données textuelles disent du pétitionnement en ligne : entre contraintes et appropriations du dispositif
Authors: Barats Christine , Dister Anne , Gambette Philippe , Leblanc Jean-Marc , Peres-Leblanc Marie
Published: April 2020

Cet article examine le pétitionnement en ligne à partir de l’analyse des données du site lapetition.be, soit plus de 12 000 pétitions ayant récolté 3,25 millions de signatures. L’hétérogénéité textuelle des données collectées (inscrites par les internautes et générées par le dispositif) a été appréhendée à la fois comme traces des contraintes du dispositif et de ses modalités d’appropriation, et également comme caractéristiques de l’acte de pétitionnement et de sa pluralité. L’analyse des textes d’appels des pétitions fait apparaître leurs traits saillants (formes d’adresse, lexique, énonciation) au regard des rubriques et du nombre de signatures. L’analyse des commentaires met au jour la diversité des raisons qui conduisent à signer une pétition et éclaire la pluralité de l’acte de pétitionnement.
Wine online
Authors: Olivesi Stéphane
Published: April 2020

L’article a pour objectif d’analyser la place de la blogosphère dans l’économie de la filière vitivinicole. Par comparaison avec d’autres formes de communication marchande, dans le cadre spécifique de cette filière, il ressort des analyses que la blogosphère n’a pas joué un rôle économique majeur de coordination, de promotion, de développement ou de médiation. D’ailleurs, l’analyse des stratégies d’acteurs montre que jamais un modèle d’activité bien établi n’a vu le jour pour s’imposer durablement. Les blogs dans leur diversité ont été mis en œuvre par leurs promoteurs selon des finalités très différentes et souvent tâtonnantes.
Political communities on Facebook across 28 European countries
Authors: Koc-Michalska Karolina , Lilleker Darren G.
Published: April 2020

Studies show that political campaigns are increasingly developing a digital strategy to convert their social media followers into agents of the campaign. Remediation of content offers the potential to accelerate the reach of party messages, and there is evidence that this has real world impact. In a comparative examination of all parties standing for the 2014 election to the European parliament, we find that parties with existing large support bases are the most likely to benefit from the potential offered by social media. Having a large number of followers means benefiting from greater prominence by captivating more activists. There is some evidence of “equalisation”, however. Parties with pro or anti-EU stances have the highest percentage of activists within their followership but also attract the largest numbers of those who only comment. We suggest, therefore, that while there is evidence that strong ideological commitment motivates activists, it also generates adversarial dynamics. Qualitative research is required to extend these findings as to understand the nature of online discourse across party social media pages.
Traditional African Foods and Their Potential to Contribute to Health and Nutrition
Authors: Muyonga John H. , Nansereko Sophie , Steenkamp Ilona , Manley Marena , Okoth Judith Kanensi
Published: April 2020

The nutritional state of large segments of the African population remains alarming despite the positive socio-economic development that is taking place. The most significant nutritional problems include undernutrition, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency. Malnutrition and deficiencies also exacerbate a number of other diseases and health conditions. Besides undernutrition, the prevalence of overnutrition and obesity on the African continent are rising, as are the associated health conditions such as diabetes and coronary heart diseases. This chapter outlines the unique nutritional and bioactive properties of Traditional African Foods (TAFs) and their potential to contribute to the alleviation of undernutrition, overnutrition and associated health problems. Special emphasis is placed on vegetables, fruits, cereals, edible insects, small fish species, mushrooms, legumes, sesame, tuber and root crops. Some of the identified health benefits of these TAFs include lowering of serum cholesterol, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disease prevention and anti-hypertensive properties.
Women, Peace and Security in the SADC Region
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey
Published: April 2020

The Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda is a key part of the international, continental and regional programme for attaining sustainable and durable peace. Conflict and post-conflict situations have a different impact on women, men, boys and girls. During conflicts, women and children are more vulnerable to sexual violence and exploitation, displacement, a change to household relations and poverty. There have been concerted efforts to identify and address the impact of conflict on women and children and to provide for more responsive, representative and inclusive peace and security structures and processes. SADC countries have made great strides in enacting gender sensitive legislations, representation of women in cabinet, parliament, local government, and security sector institutions. Women have not adequately been represented in mediation and peace-building efforts and most peace agreements lack gender sensitivity. Peace agreements do not include reference to specific needs or interests of women.
Relationship of Antimicrobial Control Policies and Hospital and Infection Control Characteristics to Antimicrobial Resistance Rates
Authors: Larson Elaine L. , Quiros Dave , Giblin Tara , Lin Susan
Published: April 2020

• Background Antibiotic misuse and noncompliance with infection control precautions have contributed to increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals.

• Objectives To assess the extent to which resistance is monitored in infection control programs and to correlate resistance rates with characteristics of antimicrobial control policies, provider attitudes and practices, and systems-level indicators of implementation of the hand hygiene guideline of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• MethodsAn on-site survey of intensive care unit staff and infection control directors of 33 hospitals in the United States was conducted. The following data were collected: antimicrobial control policies; rates during the previous 12 months of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; an implementation score of systems-level efforts to implement the guideline; staff attitudes toward practice guidelines; and observations of staff hand hygiene. Variables associated with resistance rates were examined for independent effects by using logistic regression.

• ResultsResistance rates for S aureus, enterococci, and K pneumoniae were 52.5%, 18.2%, and 16.0%, respectively. Ten (30.3%) hospitals had an antibiotic control policy. No statistically significant correlation was observed between staff attitudes toward practice guidelines, observed hand hygiene behavior, or having an antibiotic use policy and resistance rates. In logistic regression analysis, higher scores on measures of systems-level efforts to implement the guideline were associated with lower rates of resistant S aureus and enterococci (P=.046).

• Conclusions Organizational-level factors independent of the practices of individual clinicians may be associated with rates of antimicrobial resistance.
Sporadic Early Life Solder Ball Detachment Effects on Subsequent Microstructure Evolution and Fatigue of Solder Joints in Wafer-Level Chip-Scale Packages
Authors: Schambeck Simon , Hutter Matthias , Jaeschke Johannes , Deutinger Andrea , Schneider-Ramelow Martin
Published: April 2020

The combination of continuous miniaturization of electronics and the demanding reliability requirements for industrial and automotive electronics is one big challenge for emerging packaging technology. One aspect is to increase the understanding of the damage under environmental loading. Therefore, the solder joints of a wafer-level chip-scale package assembled on a printed circuit board (PCB) have been analyzed after a temperature cycling test. In the case of the investigated package, a limited number of joints did not form a proper mechanical connection with the PCB copper pad. Although not intended in the first place, these circumstances cause a detachment of those joints within the first few thermal cycles. However, this constellation offers a unique opportunity to compare the solder joint microstructure after thermomechanical loading (connected joints) with pure thermal loading (detached joints) located directly next to each other. It is shown that microstructure aging effects can be directly linked to regions in the joint with increased loading. This is particularly the case for detached joints, which could almost retain their initial microstructure up to the effect of the high-temperature part of the thermal profile. By means of finite element simulation, it is further possible to quantify the increased loading on adjacent joints if isolated solder balls detach from the board. In one case presented, the lifetime of the corner joint was calculated to reduce up to 85% only.
Sorria, estamos no Antropoceno!
Authors: Jordão Georgia Moutella
Published: April 2020

Resenha do livro:Veiga, J. E. da. O antropoceno e a ciência do sistema terra. São Paulo: Editora 34, 1. ed. 152p., 2019.
Nacionalismo, xenofobia e União Europeia: barreiras à livre circulação de pessoas e ameaças ao futuro do bloco europeu
Authors: Costa Vitória Volcato da , Vieira Luciane Klein
Published: April 2020

O aumento dos fluxos migratórios, nos últimos anos, desencadeou a denominada “crise migratória”, causando crescimento do nacionalismo e da xenofobia na Europa. Nesse contexto, barreiras à livre circulação de pessoas entre os Estados membros da União Europeia começam a ser observadas com maior frequência e intensidade, e o euroceticismo ganha força. Diante disso, este artigo visa investigar a história da livre circulação dos cidadãos europeus e a trajetória da política migratória para imigrantes extra comunitários. Igualmente, pretende-se analisar o surgimento do sentimento nacionalista e da xenofobia, e em que medida seu aumento pode contribuir para o euroceticismo, constituindo-se inclusive em ameaça ao futuro do bloco europeu. Assim, busca-se responder à seguinte indagação: o crescimento do nacionalismo e da xenofobia pode levar a um enfraquecimento da integração na União Europeia? Para encontrar a resposta utilizou-se, como metodologia de pesquisa, a revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental, valendo-se dos métodos histórico, comparativo e normativo-descritivo. Os resultados demonstram que a política migratória desenvolvida contém aspectos herdados do colonialismo, devido aos quais a xenofobia impera, e que, no contexto da crise migratória, contribuem para a imposição de barreiras à livre circulação de pessoas. Ainda, em razão dos sentimentos nacionalista e xenofóbico que crescem com a crise migratória, o euroceticismo ganha força, influenciando fenômenos como o Brexit e levando Estados membros como a Itália a cogitarem a saída da União Europeia.
The Effect of L2 Experience on the Perceptual Assimilation of British English Monophthongs to Thai Monophthongs by L2 Thai Learners
Authors: Kitikanan Patchanok
Published: April 2020

Perceptual assimilation is a well-known task; however, there is no study on the assimilation pattern of the English monophthongs by L2 Thai learners. The aims of this study are to explore the perceptual assimilation patterns of the British English monophthongs to Thai monophthongs by L2 Thai learners and to examine the effect of L2 experience on this perception. The target British English sounds were /iː, ɪ, e, æ, ɒ, ɑː, ɔː, ʊ, uː, ʌ, ɜː/ in /bVt/ context. The Thai listeners performed an assimilation task by matching these British English monophthongs with their L1 Thai monophthongs. The results showed no difference in the assimilation patterns between the high-experienced and low-experienced groups in the perception of the English /ɪ, e, ɑː, ɔː, ʊ, ʌ, ɜː/. The degree of the perceived similarity in the matching of these vowels to the Thai sound categories between these two groups was not significantly different from one another either. However, English /e/ was mostly perceived as Thai /e/ in the high-experienced group to a greater degree than the low-experienced group. The findings also showed the difference in the assimilation patterns between these two groups, i.e. for English /æ, iː, uː, ɒ/ suggesting the importance of the L2 experience in the exploration of the L2 speech learning research. The implication for L2 sound learning of this study is that having higher number of phonemes in the L1 phonological system than that in the L2 one is less important than the L2 experience. 
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 10, No. 8
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: April 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 10, No. 8, 2018.
The Advice of Provision and Circulation of Basic Agricultural Product Under 2019 Novel Coronavirus in China
Authors: Qin Xiaoshun , Zhang Taopeng , Mmbengwa Victor M.
Published: April 2020

Since December 2019, the unknown virus was the diagnosis in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, the centre of China, where was been shut down to prevent the outbreak of epidemic on 23 January 2020. As of now, the majority of Chinese people have been self-quarantine at home for more than 25 days. The lack of provision and circulation of agri-product is an essential and indispensable problem for common masses. This article describes the advice and thought of provision and circulation of agri-product under the outbreak of COVID 2019 from six aspects (government, e-business, supermarket, agri-trade market for sale, high-tech delivery as well as rural area or village) in combination of the reality of China to the other country can learn some lesson from Chinese countermeasures to deal with provision and circulation of agri-product under the outbreak of epidemic.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Hybrid Rice Parental Lines and Genetic Purity Assessment of Hybrid Seeds of China
Authors: Cai Haiya , Lu Yuxia , Liu Gang , Zhang Shuo , Jia Haitao , You Aiqing , Jiao Chunhai
Published: April 2020

Thirty-five pairs of SSR primers were used for genetic diversity analysis and DNA fingerprinting of 31 hybrid rice core parental lines developed in central- and southern-China using one japonica rice line and three inbred rice lines as the check varieties. The average number of alleles (Na) per SSR locus was 4.02, with a range of two to eight, the effective number of alleles (Ne) was 83.16 with a mean of 2.38, ranging from 1.19 to 4.66. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.16 to 0.79, with an average number of 0.52. The results of the cluster analysis indicated that the check varieties viz., one japonica rice and three inbred rice, were clustered into two groups with similarity coefficients of 0.62 and 0.71 respectively indicating their relatedness. Thirty-one hybrid rice parental lines were clustered into 6 groups according to their different types, pedigrees and regions of development with similarity coefficients of approximately 0.76. The highest genetic similarity coefficient (0.94) was observed between Y58S and C815S, and the lowest (0.63) was observed between Quan9311A and Peiai64S. The purity of one hybrid rice cultivar was tested using characteristic marker and the field test, and it was demonstrated that the purities obtained using the two methods were similar. This research will be helpful for rice breeding, new cultivar registration and seed production.
Anamorphosis and Subjectivity in the Space of Reasons
Authors: Finkelde Dominik ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2020

Jacques Lacan comments repeatedly on anamorphic art as it exemplifies for him how the mind from a certain angle perceives through law-like patterns the world that would otherwise be nothing but a chaos of arbitrary multiplicities. The angle, though, has a certain effect on what is perceived; an effect that, as such, cannot be perceived within the realm of experience. The article tries to make the link between diffraction laws of perception more explicit in the subject-object dichotomy and refers for that purpose to the work of both Hegel and Lacan. A reference to Hegel is necessary, as Hegel was not only one of Lacan’s own most important sources of insights, but the author who first focused on justified true belief through a theory of a missed encounter between truth and knowledge.
Alexithymia and help-seeking attitudes in college-aged students
Authors: Carosa Catarina L. , Button Amy L.
Published: April 2020

Aim

This epidemiological study focused on prevalence of the personality trait, alexithymia – the inability to recognize and describe one’s own emotions – among college-aged students.

Method

Levels of normative alexithymia (measured by the NMAS), clinical alexithymia (measured by the TAS), as well as attitudes towards help seeking behavior (measured by the ATSPPH) were assessed.

Results

A total of 547 participants were collected from over 48 colleges and universities, primarily in Western New York. Results indicated that 89.5% of college students displayed moderate to high levels of normative alexithymia and 48.7% displayed moderate to high levels of clinical alexithymia. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the scores of men and women on either alexithymia measure. Significant findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between clinical alexithymia scores and attitudes toward help-seeking.

Conclusion

These results call into question previous literature, which states that there is no correlation between alexithymia and help-seeking behavior (Berger et al., 2005, https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.6.1.73). The results of this study suggest a shift in culture, as well as a need for more research regarding alexithymia.
Nursing Student's Experiences on Nunchi in Clinical Practice
Authors: Park Hyun Ju , An Hyo Ja
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to explore and understand nursing students' nunchi experiences in clinical practice. Methods: Participants were nursing students in the third and fourth years who had clinical experience. A total of 20 nursing students were divided into three focus groups based on their grade levels and gender. Data were collected from December 2017 to March 2018 through focus group interviews and were analyzed via Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. Results: The study results consisted of 5 theme clusters, 11 themes, and 24 subthemes. These clusters were: confusion about ambiguous behavioral standards, effort in following social norms, concern about getting hurt, physical and psychological exhaustion, and forming social attitudes. Conclusion: These results show that nunchi has positive and negative effects on the clinical practice of nursing students. We need to improve the causes of nunchi, which can have a negative impact on clinical practice.