bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional social support and parenting among Black fathers: A profile‐oriented approach
Authors: McBride Margarett , Cooper Shauna M. , Cryer‐Coupet Qiana , Burnett Marketa , Garrett Shedrick , Gibson Stephen
Published: December 2022

Though studies have examined the role of social support in the lives of Black men, less is known about the role and function of multi‐domain social support as they navigate fatherhood. This investigation utilizes a profile‐oriented approach to identify patterns of general and parenting‐specific social support (i.e., family; peers; community) among a sample of 759 Black American fathers. Additionally, this study examines how identified support profiles are associated with Black fathers' parenting outcomes (i.e., stress, satisfaction, self‐efficacy, and involvement). Latent class analyses identified 10 distinct social support profiles among Black fathers. Results also indicated that there was some profile variation in levels parenting outcomes. Findings suggest variation in the availability and utilization of general and parenting support among Black fathers.
The decision to customize and its effect on brand experience
Authors: Petruzzellis Luca , Winer Russell S.
Published: December 2022

Nowadays brands are using customization strategies to reach their consumers with experiences that perfectly fit their preferences. At the same time, with customization consumers could effectively dilute the impact of the company's brand. Despite the robust literature on customization, little attention has been paid to how the decision to customize is linked to the brand experience. This paper aims to better understand the mechanisms behind customization choice in terms of preferences and assess the role of brand experience in this decision. We hypothesize a positive relationship between customization and brand experience. Moreover, since customization has a strong emotional component, we also analyze the moderating role of cognitive and psychological factors in shifting consumer preferences—from technical performances to emotional and symbolic ones. Through a two‐equation model that encompasses a number of factors, we find strong support for the main effect of an improved brand experience when consumers are permitted to customize the offering.
Hahn hybrid functions for solving distributed order fractional Black–Scholes European option pricing problem arising in financial market
Authors: Rahimkhani Parisa , Ordokhani Yadollah , Sabermahani Sedigheh
Published: December 2022

The main purpose of this work is to present a new numerical method based on Hahn hybrid functions (HHFs) for solving of Black–Scholes option pricing distributed order time‐fractional partial differential equation. To this end, HHFs are introduced and their fractional integral operator with some properties of HHFs is calculated. In the next, with the help of fractional integral operator of HHFs, Gauss–Legendre quadrature formula and collocation method, distributed order time‐fractional Black–Scholes model is reduced to a system of algebraic equations. Furthermore, convergence analysis of the mentioned scheme is discussed. Finally, some test problems have been included to confirm the validity and efficiency of the mentioned numerical scheme. Moreover, Black–Scholes equations are studied through a bibliometric viewpoint.
An analytical model for contaminant transport in landfill liner with fluctuating leachate head
Authors: Xie Haijian , Wu Jiawei , Thomas Hywel R. , Cai Peifu , Yan Huaxiang , Chen Yun
Published: December 2022

Leachate head in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills can be very high (e.g., >10 m) in some Chinese landfills and can continuously change during the service life of the landfill. Variations of leachate head can induce time‐dependent seepage velocity changes in the liner, which may lead to a change of transport mechanisms of contaminants. An analytical model for contaminant transport through clay liner system considering the effects of leachate head variations is presented. The analytical solution is obtained using the recursive method and the Green's function approach. The proposed analytical solution is verified by numerical results. The model is then applied to investigate the effects of variable leachate head on the transport of contaminants. The results indicated that time‐dependent advection arising from leachate head variations may play a significant part when investigating contaminant transport through a clay liner. The contaminant concentrations at the bottom of the liner predicted by using fixed leachate head may be underestimated compared to the case with variable leachate heads. The bottom concentration of Pb2+ at t = 50 years for the case with HD = 60 m can be 6.6 times larger than that of the case with fixed leachate head. The mechanisms of contaminant transfer may change from a diffusion‐dominated process to an advection‐dominated process. For example, the molecular diffusion is the dominant process in Event 1 (e.g., t < 5 years with Peclet number < 1) while advection induced by the variations of leachate head may play a more important role for contaminant transport when t > 5 years. Increasing leachate head can result in an earlier breakthrough time and steady state for contaminant transport. The breakthrough time of DCM for the case with HD = 60 m can be 1.6 times lower than that for the case with fixed leachate head. Considering the effects of leachate head variations may be critical to design a more stable and reliable landfill liner.
Shape optimization method for strength design problem of microstructures in a multiscale structure
Authors: Torisaki Mihiro , Shimoda Masatoshi , Al Ali Musaddiq
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we propose a solution to a shape optimization problem for the strength design of periodic microstructures in multiscale structures. Two maximum stress minimization problems are addressed: minimization of maximum microstructural stress and minimization of maximum macrostructural stress. The homogenization method is used to bridge the macrostructure and the microstructure and to calculate local microstructural stress. By replacing the maximum stress value with a Kreisselmeier‐Steinhauser function, the difficulty of nondifferentiability of maximum stress is avoided. Each strength design problem is formulated as a distributed parameter optimization problem subject to an area constraint including the whole microstructure. The shape gradient functions for both problems are derived using Lagrange's undetermined multiplier method, the material derivative method, and the adjoint variable method. The H1 gradient method is used to determine the unit cell shapes of the microstructure, while reducing the objective function and maintaining smooth design boundaries. In the numerical examples, the optimal shapes obtained for minimization of the maximum local stress of the microstructure and the macrostructure are compared and discussed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the microstructure shape optimization method for the two strength design problems of multiscale structures.
Flexible polyurethane foams reinforced with graphene and boron nitride nanofillers
Authors: Li Owen , Tamrakar Sandeep , Iyigundogdu Zeynep , Mielewski Debbie , Wyss Kevin , Tour James M. , Kiziltas Alper
Published: December 2022

The effect of three types of nanofillers on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) was studied. FPUF with nanofillers are of interest to the automotive industry due to their potential for enhancing compression properties and enabling sustainable foams. Holey and wrinkled flash graphene, and untreated and silane coated boron nitride were tested as fillers up to 0.1 wt% loading level. Flash graphene filled FPUF showed significant improvement in compressive properties, especially at the 0.025 wt% loading level, showing a 22% increase in compressive force deflection at 25% strain and a 17% increase at 50% strain compared to the unfilled control foam sample. Boron nitride nanoparticles, treated and untreated, were shown to be an effective means of reducing wet compression set properties, addressing a key area of concern for sustainable polyols. Wet compression set was reduced by 20%–30% for most boron nitride foams compared to their unfilled control samples. Boron nitride may enable implementation of more sustainable polyols in automotive FPUF. Nanofillers did not significantly improve thermal stability of FPUF.
Network pharmacology and fingerprint for the integrated analysis of mechanism, identification and prediction in Panax notoginseng
Authors: Liu Chunlu , Xu Furong , Zuo Zhitian , Wang Yuanzhong
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow, is a well‐known herb with multitudinous efficacy. In this study, a series of overall analyses on the action mechanism, component content, origin identification, and content prediction of P. notoginseng are conducted.

Objectives

The purpose was to analyse the mechanism of pharmacological efficacy, differences between contents and groups of P. notoginseng from different origins, and to identify the origin and predict the content.

Materials and methods

The P. notoginseng samples from four different origins were used for analysis by the database, network pharmacology (Q‐marker) and fingerprint analysis [high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and near‐infrared (NIR)] combined with data fusion strategy (low‐ and feature‐level).

Results

Four saponins were identified as Q‐markers, and exerted pharmacological effects on signalling pathways through 24 core targets. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of HPLC showed that there were differences among groups and different origins. Therefore, considering the need to treat diseases, combined with network database and network pharmacology, the suitable producing areas were determined through the mechanism of action and the required saponin content. The low‐level data fusion successfully identified the origin and predicted the content of P. notoginseng from different origins. The accuracy rate of each evaluation index of the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model was 1, and the t‐SNE (t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) visualisation results were good. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model ranged from 0.9235–0.9996, and the root mean square error of cross‐validation (RMSECV) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) range is 0.301–1.519.

Conclusion

This study was designed to provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the quality control of P. notoginseng.
Study of Charged Compact Stars in Non‐minimally Coupled Gravity
Authors: Sharif M. , Naseer Tayyab
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the structural formation of various spherically symmetric anisotropic configured stars in gravity under the influence of electromagnetic field, where . We construct modified field equations by adopting the Krori‐Barua metric potentials (involving unknowns ()) and employ bag model equation of state to explore the physical characteristics of compact structures like Vela X‐I, 4U 1820‐30, SAX J 1808.4‐3658, Her X‐I and RXJ 1856‐37. The bag constant () and other three unknowns are calculated by using experimental data of all considered stars. Further, we adopt a standard model to interpret the graphical behavior of energy density, pressure in radial and tangential directions as well as anisotropy. We also investigate mass, compactness parameter, surface redshift and energy conditions for compact bodies by taking model parameter (ϖ) as ±5. The stability of the obtained solution is examined by means of two different criteria. We conclude that our proposed solution meets all the physical requirements and shows stable behavior everywhere for .
SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease inhibitors: What is moving in the field of peptides and peptidomimetics?
Authors: Algar‐Lizana Sergio , Bonache María Ángeles , González‐Muñiz Rosario
Published: December 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is still affecting people worldwide. Despite the good degree of immunological protection achieved through vaccination, there are still severe cases that require effective antivirals. In this sense, two specific pharmaceutical preparations have been marketed already, the RdRp polymerase inhibitor molnupiravir and the main viral protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir (commercialized as Paxlovid, a combination with ritonavir). Nirmatrelvir is a peptidomimetic acting as orally available, covalent, and reversible inhibitor of SARS‐CoV‐2 main viral protease. The success of this compound has revitalized the search for new peptide and peptidomimetic protease inhibitors. This highlight collects some selected examples among those recently published in the field of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Effect of Cr Concentration on the Optical and Magnetic Properties of Cr‐TiN Thin Films Grown by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Abualgassem Ebrahim , Maarouf Monzer , Bake Abdulhakim , Cortie David , Alam Khan , Haider Muhammad Baseer
Published: December 2022

Chromium‐doped titanium nitride thin films are deposited using RF/DC reactive magnetron co‐sputtering technique. Optical, chemical, surface morphology and magnetic properties of the deposited films are studied using spectrophotometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry, respectively. Films are prepared with different concentration of chromium by adjusting the sputtering power of magnetron using chromium target. A redshift in the bandgap of Cr‐TiN films is observed as a function of chromium concentration. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the presence of chromium in the films in third (Cr+3) and sixth (Cr+6) oxidation state. The films with lower concentration of chromium exhibit ferromagnetism with clear hysteresis loop at 3 K and at room temperature with higher saturation magnetization compared to the films grown with higher Cr concentration.
Structural, Spectroscopic Characterization and Application of a Co(II) Coordination Polymer [Co(suc)(bpm)] ⋅ 2H2O
Authors: D'souza Luann R. , Harmalkar Nikita N. , Dhuri Sunder N.
Published: December 2022

A Co(II) coordination polymer [Co(suc)(bpm)] ⋅ 2H2O (1) built from succinate (suc) and bipyrimidine (bpm) is synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by different methods. It crystallizes in a monoclinic space group P21/n with an intriguing 3D polymeric architecture. The weak antiferromagnetic (AF) exchange interactions were evinced by Curie Constant (C)=1.803 cm3mol−1K and a negative Weiss constant (φ)=−30.163 K. Type VI adsorption isotherm behavior of 1 at 77 K revealed its non‐porous property. Compound 1 was investigated and successfully utilized as an additive in lowering the decomposition temperature of ammonium nitrate (AN) based fuels as demonstrated from TG and DSC experiments performed in nitrogen atmosphere.
Visible‐Light Enabled Late‐Stage, Room‐Temperature Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Labeled Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Mühlfenzl Kim S. , Sardana Malvika , Skrydstrup Troels , Elmore Charles S.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, coupling reactions mediated by visible light have been widely studied because such reactions can often be run at significantly lower temperatures. In this work, aryl iodides were coupled with amines at ambient temperature in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of carbon monoxide using visible‐light irradiation and palladium catalysis. A wide range of aryl substrates, both electron‐deficient and rich, as well as heterocycles, were carbonylated to provide the corresponding amides in moderate to good yields based on CO. In addition, the generality of the amine was investigated, and primary and secondary amines yielded the desired products in moderate to good yields. This methodology was also successfully applied to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and the incorporation of a carbon‐14 label into the carbonyl group, where the use of 9‐methyl‐fluorene‐9‐carbonyl chloride (COgen) as the carbon isotope‐labeled CO source allowed easy translation between the unlabeled and the labeled transformations.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Phthalazinone Derivatives with Biological Activity and In Silico Antiproliferative Studies
Authors: Abubshait Samar A. , Abubshait Haya A. , Almalih Rasha , Gomaa Mohamed S. , Nawaz Muhammad , Ababutain Ibtisam M. , Alghamdi Azzah I.
Published: December 2022

Several nitrogen heterocycles are considered as privileged scaffolds in drug discovery and are present in several drugs with diverse biological activities. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of phthalazinone derivatives by using a green synthesis protocol under microwave irradiation. The reduced reaction time and high yield are some of the advantages that render this procedure a greener alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. The structures of all new derivatives were confirmed by spectral analysis. Synthesized derivatives show an effective antimicrobial effect. These compounds were also screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against colon cancer cell line (HCT116). Among the synthesized derivatives are exhibited the highest anticancer activity with IC50 of 28.97±0.11, 66.25±0.14 and 76.04±0.09 μM respectively. The antiproliferative activity was supported by molecular docking studies that showed that phthalazinone derivatives would potentially act through inhibition of PARP. The simulation studies substantiated the biological results as an active compounds in term of binding interactions and scores.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A by TiO2 Mineralized Using a Polystyrene‐Peptide Template
Authors: Xu Yue , Wu Yujie , Hyun Hur Seung , Ho Hong Soon , Choe Woo‐Seok , Yoo Ik‐Keun
Published: December 2022

Biomineralization is an environment‐friendly strategy for producing inorganic materials, where nitrogen‐doped particles of controlled size can be synthesized. A peptide‐mediated biomineralization was investigated to produce TiO2 particles with enhanced photocatalytic activity. The heptapeptide, HKKPSKS, verified previously as exhibiting TiO2 mineralizing activity, was immobilized on the surface of functionalized polystyrene (PS) bead through N‐ethyl‐N‐(3‐dimethylamino‐propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride‐N‐hydroxy‐succinimide (EDC−NHS) coupling, so that it acted as the nucleus to trigger TiO2 precipitation on its surface in ambient condition. During the calcination of PS−peptide−TiO2, the PS−peptide template both allowed the formation of porous‐structured particles, and generated nitrogen‐doped crystalline mixed phase (anatase/rutile) TiO2. More than 86 % of bisphenol A (BPA) was decomposed in the presence of optimally calcined TiO2 under visible light in 2 h, whereas commercial P25 catalyst degraded 48 % of BPA. After five cycles of repeated reactions for BPA degradation, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 decreased by less than 10 %.
Potassiumtert‐Butoxide‐Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Aminoquinolines from Alkylnitriles and 2‐Aminobenzaldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Kishore Pendyala Satya , Gujjarappa Raghuram , Putta V. P. Rama Kishore , Polina Saibabu , Singh Virender , Malakar Chandi C. , Pujar Prasad Pralhad
Published: December 2022

KOtBu mediates the reaction between 2‐amino arylcarbaldehydes and benzyl/alkyl cyanides toward the expeditious formation of 2‐aminoquinolines under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The described transformation proceeds throughin‐situgenerated enimine intermediate from benzyl/alkyl cyanides under KOtBu‐mediated reaction conditions. The substituted 2‐aminoquinolines were realized in excellent yields at room temperature and shorter reaction time. The designed process exhibits operational simplicity and broad functional group tolerance in delivering the products of high significance.
Steel‐fibre reinforced concrete in composite structures as a mean to increase resistance and ductility – Outlook in a new generation of composite structures
Authors: Zanon Riccardo , Schäfer Markus , Ruiz Gonzalo , De La Rosa Ángel , Zhang Qingjie
Published: December 2022

Steel‐fibre reinforced concrete is a well‐known material used for decades for industrial floorings, shotcrete, or other specific applications. Its use is now spreading in structural applications as a complement or a substitute for conventional bar‐reinforced concrete since the normative framework is ready to provide design approaches for several concrete applications. Nevertheless, some adaptations are needed for implementing steel‐fibre reinforced concrete in the design approach for steel‐concrete composite structures whereby complementary aspects need to be considered. In this field, besides the increase of tensile properties and durability of the concrete member, a very important contribution may be given by the increase of the concrete ductility in compression. This property is conferred by the steel fibres which provide a confinement effect increasing the plastic damage that the concrete matrix can absorb. If this property is widely accepted, its benefits are limited for the design of conventional concrete sections. Conversely, for composite sections, the possibility to reach higher strains in compression means ensuring full exploitation of the strength capacity of structural steel. Besides reaching an optimisation of already in‐use cross‐sections, this new material combination enhances the use of higher structural steel strengths in composite structures.
Intra‐abdominal abscesses in CD – When to treat with biologics?
Authors: Haas Manon , Treton Xavier , Stefanescu Carmen , Bouhnik Yoram
Published: December 2022

Management of intra‐abdominal abscesses complicating Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging. After initial drainage and antibiotherapy treatment, surgery with delayed intestinal resection is often recommended but new data suggests efficacy of biotherapies in this context. This review aims to summarize new data regarding efficacy and safety of anti‐TNF in the management of intra‐abdominal abscesses complicating CD. We performed a review of the literature on medical management of intra‐abdominal abscesses complicating CD. After effective drainage of abscess, treatment with anti‐TNF can allow resolving of abscess. In some patients and at a specific timing, the use of biotherapies could avoid delayed surgery and long‐term abscess recurrence.
Agrawal nanofluid flow towards a stagnation point past a moving disk with smoluchowski temperature and Maxwell velocity slip boundary conditions: The case of Buongiorno's model
Authors: Khan Umair , Zaib Aurang , Ishak Anuar , Waini Iskandar , Wakif Abderrahim , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: December 2022

Nanofluid is a novel heat transfer fluid with the ability to significantly improve the heat transfer efficiency of regular fluids. Many efforts have been made to study its viscosity and thermal conductivity, both of which are crucial thermophysical properties. This work reports the significance of nanofluid along with thermophoretic and Brownian motion phenomena on the Agrawal flow towards a stagnation point past a permeable moving disk. The impacts of the Maxwell velocity slip and Smoluchowski temperature conditions are also incorporated. The leading equations in form of PDEs (Partial differential equations) are simplified into ODEs (Ordinary differential equations) by employing similarity theory. Then these simplified equations are solved numerically by utilizing a bvp4c solver (fourth‐order boundary value problem).The phenomenal effects of the relevant embedded distinguished parameters on the shear stress, rate of mass, and heat transfer are demonstrated through different graphs and tables. Graphical results indicate that double solutions are detected for stretching/shrinking parameter in a certain range. The heat transport and the wall drag force ascend with the suction aspect, while the mass transfer rate drops with suction in both solutions.
Ending Gender-Based Violence in Kyrgyzstan: Reflections on the Spotlight Initiative
Authors: Maralbaeva Aliia , Pierobon Chiara
Published: December 2022

The Spotlight Initiative (SI) is a new global, multi-year initiative launched by the European Union (EU) in cooperation with the United Nations (UN), with the aim of eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls (VAWG) worldwide. Since 2019, Spotlight has been implemented in Kyrgyzstan, where more than 6.5 million US dollars have been allocated to recipient UN Organizations such as UN Women, UNDP, UNPFA, UNICEF and UNODC for the conduct of activities across the initiative’s six outcome areas. This chapter familiarizes the reader with the phenomenon of domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan and with the major legal and institutional barriers hindering access to justice on behalf of female victims of domestic violence. It then examines how the SI has sought to improve access to justice on behalf of female victims of domestic violence by stimulating ownership of an array of state and non-state actors engaged in addressing domestic violence from a legal perspective. The research uses a mixed-method approach, combining a legal analysis of national legislation, an analysis of 280 court judgements  on domestic violence and expert interviews with implementers of the Initiative, as well as policy and legal experts, lawyers and civil society activists engaged in the field of VAWG. The study provides recommendations on how to improve the national legislation concerning domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan as well as the implementation of the Spotlight Initiative in the country and beyond.
The Role of Teahouses in Central Asia: A Case Study of the Ferghana Valley
Authors: Schweitzer Ryan
Published: December 2022

Teahouses (chaikhana) in the Ferghana Valley of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan provide social benefits and help facilitate the development of civil society. Civil society formation in Central Asia does not operate in the same ways as conventional accounts of civil societies claim due to government control, interference, and repression. As such, civil society forms in the peripheries of society, outside the reach of government control. Through interviews and non-participant observations conducted in 2021 throughout the Ferghana Valley, I aim to understand the specific ways in which chaikhana operate in the social sphere, allowing civil society to function outside the government’s control and, in turn, laying the foundations for civil society development. This research determines that, although governments try to limit the ability of social networks and freedom of expression, these connections occur through meetings in social spaces, such as in teahouses. This research will fill the gaps in understanding why chaikhana are still allowed to operate, even though they are prime locations for the development of civil society. In summary, this research seeks to understand the chaikhana’s role as an integral component of Central Asian civil society and the ways in which it continues to operate under adverse governmental and societal conditions.
Exploring Heritage Diplomacy: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) an the Western Balkans
Authors: Akilli Erman
Published: December 2022

As the Yugoslav Wars tore the Western Balkan region, events during and after World War II did the same for the Northeast Asia region (China, Japan, and Korea). But today, through Heritage Diplomacy (HD) practice in the BRI, China promotes regional cooperation, stability, and constructive diplomatic relations. A significant part of HD is providing assistance to other countries, such as renovation/cultural heritage protection and heritage management assistance, technology transfer, capacity building, and institutional support. Thus, the Western Balkans can use the same formula as the BRI to promote and facilitate continuous cooperation, harmony, and political dialogue between states in the region.
Securitizing and De-securitizing Actors of the OSCE: The Case of the Western Balkan Region
Authors: Lamçe Eni
Published: December 2022

The OSCE, in its capacity as the largest regional security organization worldwide, has played a pivotal role in promoting security and cooperation in the Western Balkans. This research emphasizes the role of the main actors of the OSCE debate who try to securitize and de-securitize the concerns in the Western Balkan region in the light of the Regional Security Complex Theory. It draws attention to the role that the EU, US, and the Russian Federation have played in the politico-military dimension debate, starting from 1995 when the OSCE was established until 2001 when the turmoil in the region came to an end, as well as in the human dimension debate, beginning from 2015 when Serbia was the first Western Balkan country to chair the organization until 2020 and the Albanian OSCE Chairmanship. The research argues that the two most pressing concerns during the first timeframe, where securitization from regional actors can be addressed, were in the field of arms control and border management. In contrast, in the second timeframe, which is mainly characterized by de-securitization, the attention of the main actors concerning the region is centred on democratization and rule of law.
Poverty and Ideologies: How the Welfare State Gained Political Support in Britain
Authors: Terao Hanno
Published: December 2022

This chapter uses the method of the history of political thought to analyze the relationship between poverty and ideologies. Three major ideologies which have influenced government policies regarding poverty in modern welfare history will be analyzed: liberalism, exclusionism, and social democracy. This chapter uses the historical case of Britain in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to examine what these ideologies said about government social policy as a way of alleviating poverty, and how support for (or antagonism against) the welfare state grew therefrom. It was found that in Britain, a new version of liberal ideology that incorporated some elements of social democracy appeared and contributed to the expansion of the welfare state in the early twentieth century. From the analysis in this chapter, three conclusions can be drawn for the first goal of the SDGs. First, in order to eliminate relative poverty in developed countries, it is necessary to recognize the variety of interpretation different ideologies have given to poverty as a social problem. Second, to increase the influence of a particular ideology, consideration should be given to the path dependence of originally rooted cultural factors, for example, the strength of liberal ideology in the case of modern British politics. Third, a comprehensive discourse that spans science, philosophy, and policy is required in order to gain broad support for a particular ideology.
Toward a Partnership Based on Historical Reconciliation and Mutual Trust
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: December 2022

In the age of globalization when people around the world must work together to deal with common challenges, global histories with the intention to create “global citizens” are essential. Therefore, reviewing the “new historiography” advocated by Liang Qichao and creating a “neo-new historiography” that is compatible with the age of globalization and can contribute to “reconciliation studies” and the sustainable global partnership should not be a task for China alone. The goal of no. SDGs17 is to “activate the global partnership toward sustainable development.” However, in East Asia, to establish such a partnership and make it work, it is necessary to build trust as a precondition. To build trust in this region, “history” must be overcome. However, the history of perpetration and victimization has been politicized, casting a shadow on the trust between nations and their peoples. This chapter aims to propose methods to build the global partnership by seeking solutions to the “history problem” that extends outside the realm of “historiography.”
The Historical Development of SDG4: Evolution of the Global Governance of Education
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo , Nakasato Lauren
Published: December 2022

Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) aims to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”. This chapter describes the historical development of SDG4 by tracing the history of three fundamental approaches to international education development underlying the goal: education for peace, education as a human right and education for socio-economic development. The approaches are then used to frame discussion of three prominent academic debates and perspectives in research in educational development: (1) the external and internal efficiency of education; (2) “education for development”, “educational development” and “education and development” and (3) dependency theoryand modernization theory. SDG4 is then considered within the framework of these approaches and perspectives. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the challenges and possible solutions for the realization of SDG4.
Central limit theorems for generic lattice point counting
Authors: Björklund Michael , Gorodnik Alexander
Published: December 2022

We consider the problem of counting lattice points contained in domains in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

defined by products of linear forms. For $$d \ge 9$$

d
≥
9

we show that the normalized discrepancies in these counting problems satisfy non-degenerate Central Limit Theorems with respect to the unique $${\text {SL}}_d(\mathbb {R})$$

SL
d

(
R
)

-invariant probability measure on the space of unimodular lattices in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

. We also study more refined versions pertaining to “spiraling of approximations”. Our techniques are dynamical in nature and exploit effective exponential mixing of all orders for actions of diagonalizable subgroups on spaces of unimodular lattices.
Modelling and parameter identification of coefficient of friction for deep-drawing quality steel sheets using the CatBoost machine learning algorithm and neural networks
Authors: Najm Sherwan Mohammed , Trzepieciński Tomasz , Kowalik Marek
Published: December 2022

The development of models for the coefficient of friction is difficult due to many factors influencing its value and many tribological phenomena that accompany contact between metals (i.e., flattening, ploughing, adhesion), the influence of which also depends on the friction conditions. Therefore, developing an analytical model of friction is difficult. In this article, the CatBoost machine learning algorithm, newly developed by Yandex researchers and engineers, is used for modelling and parameter identification of friction coefficients for three grades of deep-drawing quality steel sheets. Experimental tests to determine the friction coefficient were carried out using the strip drawing method with the use of a specially designed tribological device. Lubrication conditions, normal force, and the surface roughness of countersample surfaces were used as input parameters. The friction tests were conducted in dry friction and lubricated conditions with three grades of oils with a wide range of viscosities. Different transfer functions and various training algorithms were tested to build the optimal structure of the artificial neural networks. An analytical equation based on the parameters that were being investigated was created to calculate the COF of each material. Different methods of partitioning weight were employed for the expected COF to assess the relative importance (RI) and individual feature’s relevance. A Shapley decision plot, which uses cumulative Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values, was used to depict models for predicting COF. CatBoost was able to predict the coefficient of friction with R2 values between 0.9547 and 0.9693 as an average for the training and testing dataset, depending on the grade of steel sheet. When considering all the materials that were tested, it was discovered that the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm performed the best in predicting the coefficient of friction.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain in Pompe disease
Authors: van den Dorpel Jan J. A. , Dremmen Marjolein H. G. , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , van Doorn Pieter A. , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Muetzel Ryan L. , van den Hout Johanna M. P.
Published: December 2022

Enzyme replacement therapy has drastically changed prospects of patients with Pompe disease, a progressive metabolic myopathy. As classic infantile patients survive due to treatment, they exhibit progressive white matter abnormalities, while brain involvement in late-onset patients is not fully elucidated. To study the underlying microstructure of white matter, we acquired structural (T1, T2, FLAIR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain in 12 classic infantile patients (age 5–20 years) and 18 late-onset Pompe patients (age 11–56 years). Structural images were scored according to a rating scale for classic infantile patients. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) from classic infantile patients were compared to a reference population, using a Wilcoxon signed-rank, one sample test. Effect sizes (Hedges’ G) were used to compare DTI metrics across different tracts. For late-onset patients, results were compared to (reported) tractography data on normal aging. In classic infantile patients, we found a significant lower FA and higher MD (p < 0.01) compared to the reference population. Large-association fibers were most severely affected. Classic infantile patients with advanced white matter abnormalities on structural MRI showed the largest deviations from the reference population. FA and MD were similar for younger and older late-onset patients in large WM-association fibers. We conclude that, while no deviations from typical neurodevelopment were found in late-onset patients, classic infantile Pompe patients showed quantifiable, substantially altered white matter microstructure, which corresponded with disease stage on structural MRI. DTI holds promise to monitor therapy response in future therapies targeting the brain.
Localization of natriuretic peptide receptors A, B, and C in healthy and diseased mouse kidneys
Authors: Heinl Elena-Sofia , Broeker Katharina Anna-Elisabeth , Lehrmann Claudia , Heydn Rosmarie , Krieger Katharina , Ortmaier Katharina , Tauber Philipp , Schweda Frank
Published: December 2022

The natriuretic peptides (NPs) ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) and BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) mediate their widespread effects by activating the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), while C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) acts via natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B). NPs are removed from the circulation by internalization via the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C). In addition to their well-known functions, for instance on blood pressure, all three NPs confer significant cardioprotection and renoprotection. Since neither the NP-mediated renal functions nor the renal target cells of renoprotection are completely understood, we performed systematic localization studies of NP receptors using in situ hybridization (RNAscope) in mouse kidneys. NPR-A mRNA is highly expressed in glomeruli (mainly podocytes), renal arterioles, endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries, and PDGFR-receptor β positive (PDGFR-β) interstitial cells. No NPR-A mRNA was detected by RNAscope in the tubular system. In contrast, NPR-B expression is highest in proximal tubules. NPR-C is located in glomeruli (mainly podocytes), in endothelial cells and PDGFR-β positive cells. To test for a possible regulation of NPRs in kidney diseases, their distribution was studied in adenine nephropathy. Signal intensity of NPR-A and NPR-B mRNA was reduced while their spatial distribution was unaltered compared with healthy kidneys. In contrast, NPR-C mRNA signal was markedly enhanced in cell clusters of myofibroblasts in fibrotic areas of adenine kidneys. In conclusion, the primary renal targets of ANP and BNP are glomerular, vascular, and interstitial cells but not the tubular compartment, while the CNP receptor NPR-B is highly expressed in proximal tubules. Further studies are needed to clarify the function and interplay of this specific receptor expression pattern.
The review of advances in interfacial electrochemistry in Estonia: electrochemical double layer and adsorption studies for the development of electrochemical devices
Authors: Pikma Piret , Ers Heigo , Siinor Liis , Zhao Jinfeng , Oll Ove , Romann Tavo , Grozovski Vitali , Siimenson Carolin , Väärtnõu Mart , Paalo Maarja , Härmas Riinu , Lust Karmen , Thomberg Thomas , Jänes Alar , Nerut Jaak , Jäger Rutha , Valk Peeter , Kivi Indrek , Maide Martin , Möller Priit , Kanarbik Rait , Nurk Gunnar , Lust Enn
Published: December 2022

The electrochemistry nowadays has many faces and challenges. Although the focus has shifted from fundamental electrochemistry to applied electrochemistry, one needs to acknowledge that it is impossible to develop and design novel green energy transition devices without a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical processes at the electrode and electrolyte interface that define the performance mechanisms. The review gives an overview of the systematic research in the field of electrochemistry in Estonia which reflects on the excellent collaboration between fundamental and applied electrochemistry.
Natural and anthropogenic factors influencing changes in peatland management in Poland
Authors: Szumińska Danuta , Czapiewski Sebastian , Sewerniak Piotr
Published: December 2022

The main aim of this study is to identify trends in peatland management from the end of the nineteenth century to late twentieth century in the Tuchola Pinewoods (TP) located in NW Poland (young glacial zone, temperate climate). The analyses were performed based on the 1:100,000 Prussian topographic maps from the years 1876–1879 and the 1:50,000 Polish topographic maps from the years 1966–1986. A total of 744 peatlands were identified in TP (total area — 10,762 ha, 3.03% of the studied region). Smaller peatlands of up to 1–2 ha were found to be most numerous (15.32% of total number), whereas those exceeding 15 ha cover the largest area (75.42% of total area). The analysis revealed a tendency regarding land management of peatlands in the study period — large peatlands were adapted for agricultural purposes, and the smaller ones were mostly transformed into woodlands. The most important factors influencing the directions of changes in the use of peatlands include as follows: the type of use of the adjacent areas, implementation of anthropogenic drainage systems and location in a lake catchment or a catchment drained by rivers or streams. Considering that 85.7% of total peatland area had been drained by 1986, the risk arising from greenhouse gas emission from peatlands should be regarded as high.
Isolated murine skeletal muscles utilize pyruvate over glucose for oxidation
Authors: Khattri Ram B. , Puglise Jason , Ryan Terence E. , Walter Glenn A. , Merritt Matthew E. , Barton Elisabeth R.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Fuel sources for skeletal muscle tissue include carbohydrates and fatty acids, and utilization depends upon fiber type, workload, and substrate availability. The use of isotopically labeled substrate tracers combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables a deeper examination of not only utilization of substrates by a given tissue, but also their contribution to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to determine the differential utilization of substrates in isolated murine skeletal muscle, and to evaluate how isopotomer anlaysis provided insight into skeletal muscle metabolism.

Methods

Isolated C57BL/6 mouse hind limb muscles were incubated in oxygenated solution containing uniformly labeled 13C6 glucose, 13C3 pyruvate, or 13C2 acetate at room temperature. Isotopomer analysis of 13C labeled glutamate was performed on pooled extracts of isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles.

Results

Pyruvate and acetate were more avidly consumed than glucose with resultant increases in glutamate labeling in both muscle groups. Glucose incubation resulted in glutamate labeling, but with high anaplerotic flux in contrast to the labeling by pyruvate. Muscle fiber type distinctions were evident by differences in lactate enrichment and extent of substrate oxidation.

Conclusion

Isotope tracing experiments in isolated muscles reveal that pyruvate and acetate are avidly oxidized by isolated soleus and EDL muscles, whereas glucose labeling of glutamate is accompanied by high anaplerotic flux. We believe our results may set the stage for future examination of metabolic signatures of skeletal muscles from pre-clinical models of aging, type-2 diabetes and neuromuscular disease.
Integration of ICTs in teaching practices: propositions to the SAMR model
Authors: Bicalho Rute Nogueira de Morais , Coll César , Engel Anna , Lopes de Oliveira Maria Cláudia Santos
Published: December 2022

This article aims to analyze the experiences of teachers on the uses of ICTs in the development of teaching practices within the framework of a new learning ecology. We use the SAMR model to scale the levels of ICTs contributions in each practice. 116 teachers from a public educational institution in Brazil answered a questionnaire during the pandemic scenario, while conducting emergency remote teaching. Teachers declared to develop the teaching practices with the integration of ICTs at the levels of Augmentation and Modification by correspondence to the SAMR model. Based on the analyzes carried out, we propose some reflections that help to rethink this model and to understand the second-order barriers that prevent the effective integration of ICT in teachers’ practices.
Fibroossäre, riesenzellhaltige und hämatolymphoide Kieferläsionen
Authors: Fichter Andreas Maximilian , Stögbauer Fabian , Ritschl Lucas Maximilian
Published: December 2022

Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) unterteilt die odontogenen und maxillofazialen Knochentumoren in gutartige und bösartige Knochen- und Knorpeltumoren, Kieferzysten, odontogene Tumoren sowie Riesenzellläsionen und Knochenzysten. Die Zuordnung dieser Entitäten stellt Radiologen wie Pathologen häufig vor Herausforderungen und gelingt meist nur in der Synopse. Neu entdeckte molekulargenetische Marker helfen, die Läsionen besser zu verstehen und zu klassifizieren, erleichtern die Diagnosefindung und bieten mögliche Ansatzpunkte für eine zielgerichtete Therapie. In diesem Beitrag werden wichtige Vertreter fibroossärer, riesenzellhaltiger und hämatolymphoider Kieferläsionen unter differenzialdiagnostischen Gesichtspunkten sowie unter Berücksichtigung neuer molekulargenetischer Marker und der aktuellen WHO-Klassifikation für Kopf-Hals-Tumoren (5. Auflage) besprochen.
Towards explainable community finding
Authors: Sadler Sophie , Greene Derek , Archambault Daniel
Published: December 2022

The detection of communities of nodes is an important task in understanding the structure of networks. Multiple approaches have been developed to tackle this problem, many of which are in common usage in real-world applications, such as in public health networks. However, clear insight into the reasoning behind the community labels produced by these algorithms is rarely provided. Drawing inspiration from the machine learning literature, we aim to provide post-hoc explanations for the outputs of these algorithms using interpretable features of the network. In this paper, we propose a model-agnostic methodology that identifies a set of informative features to help explain the output of a community finding algorithm. We apply it to three well-known algorithms, though the methodology is designed to generalise to new approaches. As well as identifying important features for a post-hoc explanation system, we report on the common features found made by the different algorithms and the differences between the approaches.