bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative analyses of maternal plasma cell-free DNA nucleosome footprint differences reveal chromosomal aneuploidy fetuses gene expression profile
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Kun , Qu Shoufang , Guo Zhiwei , Wang Yuanli , Yang Xu , Zhou Junhua , Ouyang Guojun , Weng Rongtao , Li Fenxia , Wu Yingsong , Yang Xuexi
Published: November 2022

Background

Chromosomal aneuploidy is the most common birth defect. However, the developmental mechanism and gene expression profile of fetuses with chromosomal aneuploidy are relatively unknown, and the maternal immune changes induced by fetal aneuploidy remain unclear. The inability to obtain the placenta multiple times in real-time is a bottleneck in research on aneuploid pregnancies. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) carries the gene expression profile information of its source cells and may be used to evaluate the development of fetuses with aneuploidy and the immune changes induced in the mother owing to fetal aneuploidy.

Methods

Here, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of the plasma cfDNA of 101 pregnant women carrying a fetus with trisomy (trisomy 21, n = 42; trisomy 18, n = 28; trisomy 13, n = 31) based on non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) screening and 140 normal pregnant women to identify differential genes according to the cfDNA nucleosome profile in the region around the transcription start sites (TSSs).

Results

The plasma cfDNA promoter profiles were found to differ between aneuploid and euploid pregnancies. A total of 158 genes with significant differences were identified, of which 43 genes were upregulated and 98 genes were downregulated. Functional enrichment and signaling pathway analysis were performed based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases found that these signal pathways were mainly related to the coordination of developmental signals during embryonic development, the control of cell growth and development, regulation of neuronal survival, and immune regulation, such as the MAPK, Hippo, TGF-β, and Rap1 signaling pathways, which play important roles in the development of embryonic tissues and organs. Furthermore, based on the results of differential gene analysis, a total of 14 immune-related genes with significant differences from the ImmPort database were collected and analyzed. These significantly different immune genes were mainly associated with the maintenance of embryonic homeostasis and normal development.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the distribution characteristics of cfDNA nucleosomes in maternal plasma can be used to reflect the status of fetal development and changes of the immune responses in trisomic pregnancies. Overall, our findings may provide research ideas for non-invasive detection of the physiological and pathological states of other diseases.
A circular network of purine metabolism as coregulators of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Ge , Zou Rongjun , Liu Libao , Wang Zongtao , Zou Zengxiao , Tan Songtao , Xu Wenliu , Fan Xiaoping
Published: November 2022

Background

The crosstalk of purine biosynthesis and metabolism exists to balance the cell energy production, proliferation, survival and cytoplasmic environment stability, but disorganized mechanics of with respect to developing heart failure (HF) is currently unknown.

Methods

We conducted a multi-omics wide analysis, including microarray-based transcriptomes, and full spectrum metabolomics with respect to chronic HF. Based on expression profiling by array, we applied a bioinformatics platform of quantifiable metabolic pathway changes based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), and Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms to comprehensively analyze the dynamic changes of metabolic pathways and circular network in the HF development. Additionally, left ventricular tissue from patients undergoing myocardial biopsy and transplantation were collected to perform the protein and full spectrum metabolic mass spectrometry.

Results

Systematic bioinformatics analysis showed the purine metabolism reprogramming was significantly detected in dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition, this result was also demonstrated in metabolomic mass spectrometry. And the differentially expressed metabolites analysis showing the guanine, urea, and xanthine were significantly detected. Hub markers, includesIMPDH1,ENTPD2,AK7,AK2, andCANT1, also significantly identified based on XGBoost, SHAP model and PPI network.

Conclusion

The crosstalk in the reactions involved in purine metabolism may involving in DCM metabolism reprogramming, and as coregulators of development of HF, which may identify as potential therapeutic targets. And the markers ofIMPDH1,ENTPD2,AK7,AK2, andCANT1, and metabolites involved in purine metabolism shown an important role.
Virome and nrEVEome diversity of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes from La Reunion Island and China
Authors: Palatini Umberto , Alfano Niccolò , Carballar-Lejarazu Rebeca , Chen Xiao-Guang , Delatte Helene , Bonizzoni Mariangela
Published: November 2022

Background

Aedes albopictus is a public health threat for its worldwide spread and ability to transmit arboviruses. Understanding mechanisms of mosquito immunity can provide new tools to control arbovirus spread. The genomes of Aedes mosquitoes contain hundreds of nonretroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs), which are enriched in piRNA clusters and produce piRNAs, with the potential to target cognate viruses. Recently, one nrEVE was shown to limit cognate viral infection through nrEVE-derived piRNAs. These findings suggest that nrEVEs constitute an archive of past viral infection and that the landscape of viral integrations may be variable across populations depending on their viral exposure.

Methods

We used bioinformatics and molecular approaches to identify known and novel (i.e. absent in the reference genome) viral integrations in the genome of wild collected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and characterize their virome.

Results

We showed that the landscape of viral integrations is dynamic with seven novel viral integrations being characterized, but does not correlate with the virome, which includes both viral species known and unknown to infect mosquitoes. However, the small RNA coverage profile of nrEVEs and the viral genomic contigs we identified confirmed an interaction among these elements and the piRNA and siRNA pathways in mosquitoes.

Conclusions

Mosquitoes nrEVEs have been recently described as a new form of heritable, sequence-specific mechanism of antiviral immunity. Our results contribute to understanding the dynamic distribution of nrEVEs in the genomes of wild Ae. albopictus and their interaction with mosquito viruses.
Morphological relationships between external auditory canal and vital structures of tympanic cavity
Authors: Ohira Shinya , Komori Manabu , Nakamura Mitsuto , Matsuura Kentaro , Osafune Hiroshi , Kajiwara Riko , Wada Kota
Published: November 2022

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the morphology of the external auditory canal (EAC) using a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bone to corroborate and predict important anatomical structures involved in middle ear surgery based on the EAC morphology.

Methods

Temporal bone CT from 62 patients (120 ears) was used to perform 3D reconstruction (maximum intensity projection), of which 32 patients (60 ears) had chronic otitis media and 30 patients (60 ears) had normal temporal bones. The anatomical morphology of the EAC, tympanic sinus, vertical portion of the facial nerve, and jugular bulb were measured, and the anatomical relationship between the EAC morphology and important structures of the middle ear was analyzed.

Results

In ears with chronic otitis media, the overhang of the inferior wall of the EAC was significantly more than that in normal ears, and the antero-posterior length of the bony tympanic ring was short. Furthermore, the tympanic sinus was shallow, and vertical portion of the facial nerve tended to run outward. The EAC morphology correlated with the tympanic sinus depth and outward orientation of the vertical portion of the facial nerve.

Conclusion

A severe overhang of the inferior wall of the EAC and short antero-posterior length of the bony tympanic ring indicates a higher possibility of a shallow tympanic sinus and an outward orientation of the vertical portion of the facial nerve. These findings aid in predicting the difficulty of tympanic sinus operation and reducing facial nerve damage risk during EAC excision.
Anxiety, depression, and social connectedness among the general population of eight countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Long Di , Bonsel Gouke J. , Lubetkin Erica I. , Janssen Mathieu F. , Haagsma Juanita A.
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health of the general population through multiple pathways. The aim of this study was to examine anxiety, depression, self-confidence, and social connectedness among the general population of eight countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, their underlying factors, and vulnerable groups.

Methods

A web-based survey was administered to persons from the general population of China, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The survey included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and items on self-confidence, social connectedness, and socio-demographics. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis.

Results

Twenty-three thousand six hundred twenty-two respondents completed the survey. Overall, 42% of the total sample had mild to severe anxiety symptoms and 43% had mild to severe depression symptoms. 14% to 38% reported suboptimal ratings in self-confidence, social participation, contact with family and friends, and feeling connected to others. In the exploratory factor analyses, in most countries, one dominant factor had a high influence on GAD-7, PHQ-9 sum scores and self-confidence with eigenvalue (% variance) above 3.2 (53.9%). One less dominant factor had a high influence on social connectedness scores with eigenvalue (% variance) ranging above 0.8 (12.8%). Being younger, female, having chronic conditions, perceived as risky to COVID-19 infection, and feeling not very well protected against COVID-19 were significantly associated with the two underlying factors.

Conclusions

Anxiety, depression, and problems with self-confidence and social connectedness were highly prevalent in the general population of eight countries during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlights the importance of the allocation of additional resources to implement policies to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on mental health.
Difficulties in retrieving specific details of autobiographical memories and imagining positive future events in individuals with acute but not remitted anorexia nervosa
Authors: Keeler Johanna Louise , Peters-Gill Georgia , Treasure Janet , Himmerich Hubertus , Tchanturia Kate , Cardi Valentina
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The factors that contribute to the maintenance of anorexia nervosa (AN) are not fully understood, although it is generally accepted that depression is a core feature and contributes to poor prognosis. Individuals with depression tend to have difficulties in producing specific details of autobiographical memories and future episodes. Our aim was to investigate autobiographical memory and episodic future thinking (EFT) in individuals with AN (n = 46), people recovered from AN (recAN; n = 40), and non-affected controls (n = 35).

Method

Using a remotely administered computerised version of the autobiographical memory test and episodic future thinking task, we measured six aspects of memory retrieval and EFT generation: specificity, detailedness, difficulty in remembering/imagining, positivity, vividness and realism. Memory and EFT cue valence was manipulated; cues were either positive, neutral, or disorder-related/negative. As the production of EFTs is theoretically linked to the ability to retrieve autobiographical memories, the relationship between autobiographical memory specificity and EFT specificity was explored. To investigate whether autobiographical memory and EFT performance were independent of performance on other forms of cognition, working memory, verbal fluency and cognitive flexibility were measured.

Results

People with AN had difficulties retrieving specific details of autobiographical memories and rated autobiographical memories as less positive overall, and less vivid when primed by positive cues. People with a lifetime diagnosis (currently ill or recovered) reported greater difficulty in retrieving memories. The AN group generated less positive EFTs, particularly to positive and neutral cues. Comorbid depressive symptoms had some contribution to the observed findings. Lastly, in all groups autobiographical memory specificity predicted EFT specificity.

Discussion

Problems with retrieving specific details of autobiographical memories and simulating positive EFTs may be a state feature of AN. Treatments targeted at alleviating depressive symptoms, as well those targeted towards facilitating memory retrieval or reconsolidation, and the construction of positive EFTs, may contribute to hope for recovery and strengthen the sense of self beyond the disorder.
Evaluation of the thermal performance of traditional courtyard houses in a warm humid climate: Colima, Mexico
Authors: Toris-Guitron M. Gabriela , Esparza-López Carlos J. , Luna-León Aníbal , Pozo Carlos Escobar-del
Published: November 2022

With the recent need to decrease energy use and promote indoor thermal comfort in overheating conditions, attention has been drawn to the passive cooling function of courtyards. This paper aims to determine the effect of proportions and orientations of courtyards on the indoor thermal performance of traditional houses in a warm, humid region so that this could guide further improvement and reinterpretation of this building type. The results of this parametric study were obtained through computer simulations of different cases with the aim to determine the influence of orientation, courtyard size and proportions on the indoor thermal energy balance and thermal comfort of a traditional building in a warm-humid region. Rather than promote passive cooling in the building, the findings suggest that the courtyard greatly increases solar heat gain, raising the temperature during the day. Higher solar heat gains and ventilation rates were observed in the courtyard cases with greater width and length. Nevertheless, this does not cause important differences in the average operative temperature of the entire building between the cases. As for orientation, lower heat gains were obtained in courtyards with the long axis-oriented east to west. Regardless of the cases, the study finally emphasizes the importance of the inhabitants controlling the opening of windows in the enclosed rooms since this could decrease the temperature by 1.1 °C from night to the early morning (23.00 hrs to 11.00hrs) and thus influence its thermal comfort. Conversely, opening the windows outside that time-lapse could cause an increase in temperature and more hours above the upper comfort limit.
How can artificial intelligence optimize value-based contracting?
Authors: Poveda Jose Luis , Bretón-Romero Rosa , Del Rio-Bermudez Carlos , Taberna Miren , Medrano Ignacio H.
Published: November 2022

Efforts in the pharmaceutical market have been aimed at ensuring that the benefits obtained from the introduction of new therapies justify the associated costs. In recent years, drug payment models in healthcare have undergone a dramatic shift from focusing on volume (i.e., size of the target clinical population) to focusing on value (i.e., drug performance in real-world settings). In this context, value-based contracts (VBCs) were designed to align the payment of a drug to its clinical performance outside clinical trials by evaluating the effectiveness using real-word evidence (RWE). Despite their widespread implementation, different factors jeopardize the application of VBCs to most marketed drugs in a near future, including the need for easily measurable and relevant outcomes associated with clinical improvements, and access to a large patient population to assess said outcomes. Here, we argue that the extraction and analysis of massive amounts of RWE captured in patients’ electronic health records (EHRs) will circumvent these issues and optimize negotiations in VBCs. Particularly, the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has proven successful in the analysis of structured and unstructured clinical information in EHRs in multicenter research studies. Thus, the application of NLP to analyze patient-centered information in EHRs in the context of innovative contracting can be utterly beneficial as it enables the real-time evaluation of treatment response and financial impact in real-world settings.
Morphological and morphometric studies on the axial skeleton of the sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii gratus)
Authors: Onwuama Kenechukwu Tobechukwu , Ibe Chikera Samuel , Jaji Alhaji Zubair , Salami Suleiman Olawoye , Kigir Esther Solomon
Published: November 2022

Background

Anatomical features of the skeleton of wild animals contribute largely to their adaptation. A dearth of information on the skeletal anatomy of the sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii gratus) necessitated this study. Two adult sitatunga carcasses weighing 54 kg and 57 kg were obtained after post-mortem examination. Bone preparation was achieved through cold water maceration protocol.

Result

The tympanic bulla was elongated and massive, resulting in the rudimentary appearance of the styloid and muscular processes of the temporal bone. The lacrimal bone had a somewhat triangular presentation with the lacrimal foramen on the caudal border of the facial surface while its dorsal border formed the lateral margin of the frontal sinus. There was no observable lacrimal fossa on this facial surface of the lacrimal bone. The facial tubercle was absent. The vertebral column formula was C7 T13 L6 S4 C10-14, and the atlas dorsal median tubercle was smooth, devoid of ridges. The spinous process of the axis extended the entire arch length to hang little above the odontoid process. The thoracic spinous processes were oriented dorso-caudally from T1 to T11; spinous process of T12 was vertical, while that of T13 was oriented dorso-cranially. The length of the transverse process of L1 and L6 were the same, and smaller than the length of those of L2-L5. There was incomplete fusion of sacral spinous processes. Three dorsal and ventral sacral foramina were identified laterally on each side of the vertebrae. The ribs were 26 in number (13 pairs). The sternum was comprised of 5 sternabrae separated by intersternal cartilage. The average number of bones of the axial skeleton was 75. Morphometric in formation included the length of skull, mandible and ribs; body length of vertebrae and spinous process length and height of the vertebrae.

Conclusion

This study recorded anatomical features and biometric information on axial skeletal bones of the Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii gratus) thereby providing baseline data for future biomedical, archaeological and comparative skeletal anatomical studies.
Surgical management of bony orbit tumors
Authors: El-Sawy Medhat M. , Moawad Ahmed M.
Published: November 2022

Background

A variety of primary tumors affect the bony orbit. They include, sphenoid ridge meningioma, fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, osteoma and aneurismal bone cyst. Controversies in the treatment strategies still exist. This study is retrospective study that included 20 patients operated upon in the last three years—at neurosurgery department in Minia University Hospital—with tumors related to the bony orbit. We studied the data, to see what was done, what should have been done. CT and MRI were used for all patients preoperatively and for postoperative follow-up.

Results

Fourteen patients had sphenoid ridge meningiomas, two patients had osteomas, two patients had fibrous dysplasia, one had ossifying fibromas and one aneurysmal bone cyst. Proptosis improved in all cases. But one patient had deterioration of vision. There were no postoperative cases of enophthalmos or pulsating exophthalmos.

Conclusions

Early surgical intervention is mandatory before the tumor becomes less amenable. Both CT and MRI should be done preoperatively. Opening the bony superior orbital fissure is a mandatory step in all cases, whereas the optic canal should be drilled out open only if the optic nerve is compromised within the canal. Thorough knowledge of the skull base operative techniques is a must.
Evaluation of brain structure abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using structural magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Khadem-Reza Zahra Khandan , Zare Hoda
Published: November 2022

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disorders of the nervous system. Since the core cause of many of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder is due to changes in the structure of the brain, the importance of examining the structural abnormalities of the brain in these disorder becomes apparent. The aim of this study is evaluation of brain structure abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). sMRI images of 26 autistic and 26 Healthy control subjects in the range of 5–10 years are selected from the ABIDE database. For a better assessment of structural abnormalities, the surface and volume features are extracted together from this images. Then, the extracted features from both groups were compared with the samplettest and the features with significant differences between the two groups were identified.

Results

The results of volume-based features indicate an increase in total brain volume and white matter and a change in white and gray matter volume in brain regions of Hammers atlas in the autism group. In addition, the results of surface-based features indicate an increase in mean and standard deviation of cerebral cortex thickness and changes in cerebral cortex thickness, sulcus depth, surface complexity and gyrification index in the brain regions of the Desikan–Killany cortical atlas.

Conclusions

Identifying structurally abnormal areas of the brain and examining their relationship to the clinical features of Autism Spectrum Disorder can pave the way for the correct and early detection of this disorder using structural magnetic resonance imaging. It is also possible to design treatment for autistic people based on the abnormal areas of the brain, and to see the effectiveness of the treatment using imaging.
Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes into microflora and blood cells in rats fed on GM-diet
Authors: Oraby Hanaa Abdel-Sadek , Aboul-Maaty Nadia Aboul-Ftooh , Al-Sharawi Hayam Ahmad , Osman Noha Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Background

With regard to the extensive production of genetically modified organisms, scientists focused on the safety of antibiotic resistance marker (ARM) genes present in GM-crops produced for the consumption of human or animal. We investigated the possible transfer of these genes to the microflora present in the gastrointestinal tract and blood cells of two groups of Male Wistar Albino rats fed on a transgenic diet containing the ARM genes nptII and aadA for 90 days. The conventional PCR was employed to screen for the presence of nptII and aadA genes in the experimental diets, and animals’ samples.

Results

The occurrence of DNA transfer of nptII and aadA genes from GM-diet to blood and bacterial cells has been unambiguously demonstrated. Results were further confirmed by sequencing and blast analysis, indicating that both transferred segments shared significant alignment with number of Binary and Cloning Vectors with variable similarities. The frequency of transfer of DNA segments from the GM-diet into blood DNA was unexpectedly higher than its transfer to bacterial DNA which may be attributed to a number of factors.

Conclusions

Our results unambiguously demonstrated the occurrence of DNA transfer of ARM genes (nptII and aadA) from GM plant diet to blood cells and enteric microflora in rats. Results may draw attentions to the importance of exploring the possible effects of transfer of ARM genes horizontally from GM products to consumers and to extend our attentions to the importance of a better understanding of the factors influencing HGT in the intestine of the GM-food consumers.
Enteroendocrine peptides, growth, and the microbiome during the porcine weaning transition
Authors: Ramsay T. G. , Arfken A. M. , Summers K. L.
Published: November 2022

Background

Growth rate in pigs can be affected by numerous factors that also affect feeding behavior and the microbiome. Recent studies report some communication between the microbiome and the enteroendocrine system. The present study examined if changes in the piglet microbiome between birth and during the weaning transition can be correlated either positively or negatively with growth rate and plasma concentrations of enteroendocrine peptides.

Results

During the post-weaning transition, a 49% reduction in average daily gain was observed at day 24 (P < 0.05) relative to day 21. Pigs recovered by day 28 with body weight and average daily gain increases of 17% and 175%, respectively relative to day 24 and the highest rate of gain was measured at day 35 (462 g/day). The time interval between day 21–24 had the highest number of correlations (n = 25) between the relative abundance differences in taxa over time and corresponding percent weight gain. Amplicon sequence variants with the greatest correlation with percent weight gain between day 21–24 belonged to families Prevotellaceae NK3B31 (ρ = 0.65, P < 0.001), Veillonellaceae (ρ = 0.63, P < 0.001) and Rikenellaceae RC9 (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001). Seven taxa were positively correlated with percent weight gain between day 24–28. Eight taxa were positively correlated with percent weight gain between day 28–35, of which four were Clostridia. Only Lactobacillus reuteri was positively correlated across both day 24–28 and day 28–35 analyses. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; R2 = 0.20, P < 0.001), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1; R2 = 0.51, P < 0.001), and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2; R2 = 0.21, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the piglet fecal community NMDS, while serotonin showed no significant association (R2 = 0.03, P = 0.15). Higher concentrations of GLP-1 and GLP-2 characterized day 1 fecal communities, while GIP levels had the strongest relationship primarily with samples ordinated with the day 21 cluster.

Conclusions

Demonstration of an association of certain taxa with individual gut peptides at specific ages suggests the potential for the microbiome to elicit changes in the gut enteroendocrine system during early postnatal development in the pig.
Insight into the mechanism of fracture properties modulated by microstructure in the myofibrillar protein and polysaccharide gel systems
Authors: Luo Cheng , Zhang Tao , Jiang Xiping , Chen Yinji , Zhou Guanghong , Zhuang Xinbo
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of fracture properties modulated by microstructure in the myofibrillar protein (MP) and polysaccharides gel systems. Compare to the modified starch, the dietary fiber significantly improved the fracture stress and reduced the fracture strain at same concentration. The treatment with 2% dietary fiber had the highest value of fracture stress and the lowest value of fracture strain, which were 259 g and 1.12 respectively. From the skeleton structure, the Raman spectroscopy result showed that dietary fiber addition significantly reduced the intensity at 2945 cm−1, which suggested that the aggregation of hydrophobic groups was improved. The SEM showed that the treatment with 2% dietary fiber had the highest fractal dimension value of 1.7772 and the lowest lacunary value of 0.258. From the filling structure, the paraffin section showed that the polysaccharides were just simply trapped in MP gel networks and formed numerous large volumes and no-elastic of cavities. The principal component analysis suggested that the compactness of three-dimensional gel networks determined fracture stress of composite gel. The no- no-elastic of cavities formed by modified starch and dietary fiber resulted in the reduction of fracture strain. These results would promote the development of innovative nutritional meat product formulation with satisfied textural property.

Graphical Abstract
Acute poisoning of copper sulfate: a case report and review literature
Authors: Hajimohammadi Samaneh , Gharibi Somayeh , Pourbarkhordar Vahid , Mousavi Seyed Reza , Salmani Izadi Hanieh
Published: November 2022

Background

Copper sulfate is a bright blue crystal used primarily for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, disinfectant, feed, and soil additive. Acute volunteer poisoning of copper sulfate is not common in the world and in Iran.

Case presentation

We reported the case of a 15-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department after ingestion of an unknown amount of copper sulfate following a struggle at school. She had become acquainted with the toxic compound through school textbooks. On admission to the hospital, she had abdominal pain and a sore throat with a normal serum copper level. The patient stated that she had three episodes of bluish vomiting. She underwent symptomatic treatment and was monitored for 3 days. The outcome was favorable, and she had no signs and symptoms of organ failure.

Conclusions

As a result, copper sulfate poisoning depending on the consumed dose can be mild or very severe with a high mortality rate. The authors discuss the various pathogenesis and treatments of this rare poisoning by reviewing the available literature.
An unusual magnetic phenomenon in Mg doping [(CH3)2NH2] CoxMg1−x[HCOO]3 frameworks
Authors: Fan Zhenjun , Liu Rongzhao , Wang Qingying , Wu Xiangyu , Mi Zhenyu , Liu Guangyao , Song Xiaohui
Published: November 2022

In this study, Mg doping metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [(CH3)2NH2] Co1−x
Mg
x
[HCOO]3 single crystals were synthesized by solvothermal method with normal ratios x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results showed that Mg ion is uniformly doped into Co-based MOFs crystal. With the increase of diamagnetic magnesium ions doping, the antiferromagnetic phase transition temperature of Co-based MOFs for pure Co-MOF decreased from 15 K to 7.5 K for x = 0.4. Abnormal larger magnetic hysteresis was obtained for Mg doping crystals with a large coercive field 3100 Oe (x = 0.1), 3700 Oe (x = 0.2), 2900 Oe (x = 0.3) compared with 600 Oe coercive field for pure Co-MOFs (x = 0). At the same time, step-like behavior was first observed on Mg2+ doping sample with x = 0.1–0.3. This unusual magnetic phenomenon is well interpreted based on the coexistence of long-range canted antiferromagnetic order and isolated single-ion quantum magnets. The diamagnetic magnesium ions doping decreases the strong exchange coupling between neighboring Co ions and step-like behavior stemmed from the quantum tunneling of isolated Co ions.
Preoperative Identification of Patient-Dependent Blood Pressure Targets Associated With Low Risk of Intraoperative Hypotension During Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Schnetz Michael P. , Danks David J. , Mahajan Aman
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:

Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is strongly linked to organ system injuries and postoperative death. Blood pressure itself is a powerful predictor of IOH; however, it is unclear which pressures carry the lowest risk and may be leveraged to prevent subsequent hypotension. Our objective was to develop a model that predicts, before surgery and according to a patient’s unique characteristics, which intraoperative mean arterial pressures (MAPs) between 65 and 100 mm Hg have a low risk of IOH, defined as an MAP <65 mm Hg, and may serve as testable hemodynamic targets to prevent IOH.

METHODS:

Adult, noncardiac surgeries under general anesthesia at 2 tertiary care hospitals of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center were divided into training and validation cohorts, then assigned into smaller subgroups according to preoperative risk factors. Primary outcome was hypotension risk, defined for each intraoperative MAP value from 65 to 100 mm Hg as the proportion of a value’s total measurements followed by at least 1 MAP <65 mm Hg within 5 or 10 minutes, and calculated for all values in each subgroup. Five models depicting MAP-associated IOH risk were compared according to best fit across subgroups with proportions whose confidence interval was <0.05. For the best fitting model, (1) performance was validated, (2) low-risk MAP targets were identified according to applied benchmarks, and (3) preoperative risk factors were evaluated as predictors of model parameters.

RESULTS:

A total of 166,091 surgeries were included, with 121,032 and 45,059 surgeries containing 5.4 million and 1.9 million MAP measurements included in the training and validation sets, respectively. Thirty-six subgroups with at least 21 eligible proportions (confidence interval <0.05) were identified, representing 92% and 94% of available MAP measurements, respectively. The exponential with theta constant model demonstrated the best fit (weighted sum of squared error 0.0005), and the mean squared error of hypotension risk per MAP did not exceed 0.01% in validation testing. MAP targets ranged between 69 and 90 mm Hg depending on the subgroup and benchmark used. Increased age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and female sexindependently predicted (P < .05) hypotension risk curves with less rapid decay and higher plateaus.

CONCLUSIONS:

We demonstrate that IOH risk specific to a given MAP is patient-dependent, but predictable before surgery. Our model can identify intraoperative MAP targets before surgery predicted to reduce a patient’s exposure to IOH, potentially allowing clinicians to develop more personalized approaches for managing hemodynamics.
Estimating errors and uncertainties of precipitation in regional climate simulations over southern Africa
Authors: Καρυπίδου Μαρία-Χαρά
Published: November 2022

Το κλίμα της νότιας Αφρικής χαρακτηρίζεται από μια πληθώρα μόνιμων και ημιμόνιμων ατμοσφαιρικών χαρακτηριστικών που συνδέονται μεταξύ τους σε διάφορα επίπεδα πολυπλοκότητας, τόσο στην ξηρά όσο και στους δύο γειτνιάζοντες ωκεανούς. Η παρούσα Διατριβή στοχεύει στο να προσφέρει μια ολοκληρωμένη επισκόπηση της μοντελοποιημένης και παρατηρούμενης κλιματολογίας βροχοπτώσεων στη νότια Αφρική, αξιοποιώντας όλα τα εργαλεία που είναι επί του παρόντος διαθέσιμα στην κλιματική κοινότητα. Επιπλέον, στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση της επίδρασης που ασκούν οι πλευρικές οριακές συνθήκες στις προσομοιώσεις Περιοχικών Κλιματικών Μοντέλων που πραγματοποιούνται στο πλαίσιο του CORDEX-Africa. Επιπρόσθετα, αποσκοπεί στη διερεύνηση των δυναμικών διεργασιών στην περιοχή μελέτης που είναι υπεύθυνες για τη δημιουργία βροχόπτωσης στο σύνολο του σμήνους προσομοιώσεων του CORDEX-Africa. Τέλος, πραγματοποιείται μια σειρά προσομοιώσεων με χρήση του Weather Research and Forecasting μοντέλου (WRF), με σκοπό να εξεταστεί ο αντίκτυπος των σχημάτων παραμετροποίησης της ανωμεταφοράς στις διαδικασίες της βροχόπτωσης στη νότια Αφρική.Συμπεραίνεται πως οι περιοχικές κλιματικές προσομοιώσεις βελτιώνουν σημαντικά τα μηνιαία ποσά βροχοπτώσεων στην περιοχή της νότιας Αφρικής (CORDEX-0.44), σε σχέση με τα Παγκόσμια Κλιματικά Μοντέλα από τα οποία λαμβάνουν πλευρικές οριακές συνθήκες (CMIP5). Επιπλέον, η υψηλότερη χωρική ανάλυση του συνόλου του σμήνους προσομοιώσεων CORDEX-Africa επιτρέπει την ακριβέστερη αναπαράσταση της τοπογραφίας, σε σύγκριση με αυτή που πραγματοποιείται από τα Παγκόσμια Κλιματικά Μοντέλα αδρής χωρικής ανάλυσης. Αυτό έχει ως αποτέλεσμα η εισροή υγρασίας στα χαμηλά ύψη της τροπόσφαιρας προερχόμενη από τον τροπικό Ινδικό Ωκεανό να εμποδίζεται ορθώς από τα βουνά στην περιοχή της Τανζανίας και να μην της επιτρέπεται να προχωρήσει προς την περιοχή της κεντρικής νότιας Αφρικής, όπως λανθασμένα συμβαίνει στο σμήνος προσομοιώσεων CMIP5. Σε όλους τους μήνες, και για τις διάφορες υποπεριοχές που εξετάζονται, τα Περιοχικά Κλιματικά Μοντέλα μειώνουν συστηματικά το σφάλμα της βροχόπτωσης, σε σχέση με τα Παγκόσμια Κλιματικά Μοντέλα που τα οδηγούν.Τα πειράματα ευαισθησίας πραγματοποιήθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας το μοντέλο WRF, εξετάζοντας την επίδραση του σχήματος παραμετροποίησης που ελέγχει τις διαδικασίες ανωμεταφοράς σε διάφορα χαρακτηριστικά που αφορούν τη βροχόπτωση στη νότια Αφρική. Οι προσομοιώσεις έδειξαν ότι η βροχόπτωση επηρεάζεται σημαντικά από το σχήμα παραμετροποίησης της ανωμεταφοράς και τα αποτελέσματα ήταν συνεπή ανεξάρτητα από την περίοδο μελέτης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, τα σχήματα Betts - Miller - Janjic και New - Tiedtke παρήγαγαν τα πιο ρεαλιστικά αποτελέσματα (σε σύγκριση με τα χρησιμοποιούμενα δορυφορικά προϊόντα βροχόπτωσης και τα δεδομένα επανάλυσης ERA5) για ολόκληρη την περίοδο μελέτης. Το σχήμα Kain - Fritsch εμφάνισε συστηματική υπερεκτίμηση της βροχόπτωσης καθ' όλη την περίοδο μελέτης.
Case Report: Invasive micropapillary ductal breast carcinoma
Authors: Namugenyi Kakia Anne Faith , Oladimeji Kelechi Elizabeth , Mthimba Alungile , Mzileni Chris , Oladimeji Olanrewaju
Published: November 2022

Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is a rare variant of invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC), with most cases characterized by lymph node metastasis and lymphatic vascular invasion. It is a ductal breast cancer subtype with a very high risk of recurrence and therefore requires special attention from breast cancer physicians and radiologists.

Case: We present a case of an IMPC that has been followed up for two years since diagnosis and management. Based on clinical breast examination, ultrasound, and mammography, the initial diagnosis was a suspicious mass that required further investigation. Radiological and histological findings informed the diagnosis of a highly suspicious lesion, which turned out to be IMPC. The patient underwent surgery, left mastectomy with nodal dissection. During the 24-month follow-up, ultrasound and mammography revealed no evidence of local recurrence or involvement of the contralateral breast.

Conclusions: This case reveals that invasive micropapillary carcinoma is a distinct but poorly recognized variant and subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma.
Multiple institutions’ research findings using the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank
Authors: Barapatre Seemran , Amin Waqas , Gao Yuhe , Li Yaming , Becich Michael John , Ye Ye
Published: November 2022

Mesothelioma remains an under-researched cancerous disease due to the lack of high-quality patient samples and clinical information especially outcomes and asbestos exposure data. The National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank (NMVB) is a biobank in which mesothelioma annotated biospecimens can be made widely available to the research community. Here, we summarized the significant research findings from 20 publications that utilized the NMVB samples for novel biomarker and therapeutic discoveries. The results showed that the use of the NMVB resource was dispersed among a variety of basic science topics including, but not limited to, biomarkers, abnormal gene expression, and potential therapeutic targets. Positive biomarkers included several miRNAs and antibodies, HMGB1, ATG5, PIAS3, pancytokeratin and GATA3. Genes that had mutations or high/low levels of expression were BAP1, a human control gene of importance in this disease, as well as various cytokines, and checkpoint inhibitors TM4SF1, PKM2, ARHGDIA, COBLL1, WT1, FOXM1, and CD30. Treatments investigated include thiostrepton, interferon-β gene, and Brentuximab. Publications reviewed indicated a significant impact of the NMVB resource utilized in significant studies focusing on biomarker and therapeutic discoveries, which can act as a model for rare diseases, especially in oncology.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SELF-CONCEPT OF A PERSON WITH NON-HETEROSEXUAL SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Authors: Kochetkova Tatiana N.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the work: to explore the characteristics of the self-concept of a person with a homosexual identity.

Methods and methodology of the work. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used for the purposes of the study, i.e., observation, conversation, projective techniques, testing. Data processing was carried out in Exsel and AtteStat. The study involved 32 respondents, 11 of whom identified themselves as women in a male body, 21 – as men being sexually attracted only to representatives of their own sex. The average age of the participants was 24.7.

Results of the study. All participants in the study have difficulty in establishing social contacts, having a conflicting self-concept, which they consider real, as well as a disharmonious ideal self-concept due to an unstable self-esteem and ambivalent or negative self-attitude. They gravitate towards co-dependent relationships, they have failed to resolve interpersonal conflicts, which are primarily associated with their parents and close relatives. Both the psychological self-concept and the body image are conditioned by the respondents’ dependence on the opinions of others, which prevents them from accepting their own personality, being different from the overwhelming majority due to the sexual orientation, which is still stigmatized in society.

Practical implications. The results of the study might be useful in practice, helping to select the appropriate tools, to identify the nature of intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts, to carry out consultative, psychocorrectional and psychotherapeutic work aimed at helping to accept one’s own psychological and physical self-concept.
FEATURES OF TECHNICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Agafonov Sergey V. , Shirin Alexander A. , Zavodny Nikita A. , Kaznacheev Vladimir V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. One of the most important methodological conditions for the growth of technical skills in volleyball already at the early stages of long-term training is the relationship between the structure of movements and the level of development of physical qualities and abilities. Compliance of the level of physical fitness of an athlete with the parameters of his sports equipment possession is the most important condition for an effective method of technical training in volleyball. The article presents the results of a study aimed at the implementation of training programs for the technical training of 9-10 year old volleyball players.

Purpose: to develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of exercise complexes for the development of physical and psychomotor abilities of young volleyball players (muscle strength of the hand and phalanges of the fingers, the speed of contraction of the muscles of the hands, the ability to differentiate muscle tension, etc.), which are of decisive importance in the process of technical training of athletes at the initial stage.

Methodology. The following methods were used in the study: generalization and analysis of literary sources; pedagogical testing; biomedical; pedagogical observation; statistical data processing.

Results. The conducted research confirmed the put forward hypothesis that the development of technical elements in volleyball already at the early stages of training is determined by the proper level of development of special physical qualities and abilities. At the end of the pedagogical experiment using the new methodology, volleyball players from the experimental group significantly outperformed the athletes from the control group in almost all parameters of technical readiness.

Application area. The developed sets of exercises can be used by sports teachers when compiling work programs within the framework of basic and additional education at the Volleyball course.
Depression in regard to postcovid syndrome - literature review
Authors: Kozińska Iga , Oleszczuk Rafał , Skwira Sylwia , Gras-Ozimek Aleksander , Kozińska Anna , Oleszczuk Anna
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic health problem that causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Recovered patients who survive COVID-19 may continue to report a wide variety of clinical manifestations such as depression, which is named post covid syndrome. In our article, we sought to determine the frequency and possible causes of depressive symptoms and clinically-significant depression in the post COVID syndrome. We conducted a review of postcovid manifestations by searching PubMed, Scopus, World health organization (WHO) databases. The symptoms of postcovid syndrome have been shown as a weakness, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, and depression, among others. Persistent mental disorders among people who suffer from long-term COVID-19 may be related to psychological factors, as well as from infection and the associated neurobiological trauma. According to available studies, a significant percentage of depression symptoms is observed among people with postcovid syndrome, especially in older age groups. Also symptoms of mental, neurological and physical illness as well as inflammatory brain injury in people with post-COVID syndrome are likely to increase suicidal ideation and behavior in this patient population.
Polyols - What do we know about their impact on the gut microbiome?
Authors: Wojtuś Magda , Tomaszuk Sebastian , Wąsik Karolina
Published: November 2022

Introduction and purpose: 
Even though sweeteners’ popularity is increasing as they are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and generally considered to be safe, their whole impact on the human body is still confusing. Polyols are among one of the most used sweeteners, therefore in this review we will focus on their impact on the gut microbiome as this community of various bacteria influences many aspects of overall health. 
Brief description of the state of knowledge: 
The current conclusions mostly present prebiotic benefits of polyols and their ability to increase the number of Bifidobacteria, there is research supporting the evidence of it conducted on isomalt, maltitol, lactitol and xylitol. It is possible, as most of them are able to reach the colon. We also investigate other ways sweeteners are shaping the gut microbiome such as multiplication of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) or decreasing the numbers of Clostridium difficile. 
Conclusions: 
The impact of polyols on the gut microbiome has many knowledge gaps. More long-term studies are needed in order to consider the individual diversity of the participants’ gut microbiota. In order to conduct more valuable conclusions dietary and lifestyle habits should be taken into consideration. All things considered, there is not enough data to clearly determine polyols' role in modifying the gut microbiota.