bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
My Long Life
Authors: Clarke Mary Cowden
Published: July 2011

Mary Cowden Clarke (1809–1898) was the daughter of the music publisher Vincent Novello. Charles and Mary Lamb were family friends, and under the inspiration of their Tales from Shakespeare, Mary became a noted Shakespeare scholar, her major work being the Concordance to Shakespeare, which took twelve years to compile, and was to remain a standard work for half a century. From 1856 Clarke and her husband Charles lived in Italy, continuing to publish essays and books, including their joint Cassell's Illustrated Shakespeare. This autobiography, published in 1896, contains many anecdotes and memories of the literary and musical circles in which Mary moved throughout her life: the Lambs, John Keats, the Shelleys, Dickens, Leigh Hunt and Mendelssohn all appear. The book is written in a vivid and engaging style, and records a fascinating nineteenth century life. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=clarmc
The Posthumous Works of Mrs Chapone
Authors: Chapone Hester
Published: July 2011

Hester Chapone (1727–1801) was a British writer and advocate of women's education who is best known as the author of one of the most popular conduct books for women in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Self-educated in French, Latin and Greek, Chapone published much of her work after the death of her husband in 1761. Her firm belief in the right of women to lead emotionally and intellectually fulfilled lives was much praised by contemporary feminists. These volumes, first published posthumously in 1807, contain a biography and a series of unpublished letters from Chapone to her friends. Her letters to her friend Samuel Richardson concerning the rights of women in marriage and women's education illustrate her strong views concerning these subjects, with this volume's other letters and her biography providing further valuable insights into her character. Volume 1 contains her letters to Eliza Carter.
Monographs on the Fossil Lepadidae, Balanidae and Verrucidae
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: July 2011

These two short monographs, published under the auspices of the Palaeontographical Society in 1851 and 1854, show Charles Darwin as a meticulous research scientist, poring over fossils collected by himself and other enthusiasts in Britain and in Europe. The first volume is devoted to the Lepadidae, and the second to the Balanidae and Verrucidae (all types of barnacle, members of the infraclass Cirripedia). Darwin's interest in barnacles had first arisen in his student days in Edinburgh, under the guidance of Robert Grant, and increased during his detailed work in dissecting and classifying the specimens he had collected on the Beagle voyage. The publication of his findings cemented his reputation as a expert taxonomist and biologist, and his observations over eight years of the minute differences between males, females and an apparent hermaphroditic stage of development lent support to his developing theory of evolution.
Travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A.D. 1532–50
Authors: Cieza de León Pedro de
Published: July 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Pedro de Cierza de León (c.1520–1554) was a Spanish solider who participated in many expeditions throughout South America. Between 1548 and 1553 he travelled across Peru, interviewing local officials and Inca prisoners and collecting information about the landscape and indigenous people. Volume 33 of the Hakluyt series, first published in 1874 and reissued here, begins the first English translation of his work, which was continued in Volume 68 (1883). This volume contains detailed descriptions of the geography of Peru and an ethnographical account of different indigenous cultures.
Life of William Blake
Authors: Gilchrist Alexander
Published: July 2011

Although today William Blake (1757–1827) is recognised as a visionary poet and artist, at the time of his death he was unknown except for his presumed insanity. This highly influential two-volume biography by the barrister Alexander Gilchrist, first published in 1863 and reissued here in its second edition (1880), rescued William Blake from almost complete obscurity. The accepted interpretation of his madness was challenged and his creative talents were brought to the attention of Victorian society by the inclusion of selected writings and artistic works, nearly all previously unpublished. Volume 2 contains a large selection of Blake's poetry and prose together with an annotated catalogue of his drawings and paintings.
A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical Astronomy
Authors: Chambers George Frederick
Published: July 2011

This handbook by George Frederick Chambers (1841–1915), a young and enthusiastic amateur astronomer, became a best-seller soon after its publication in 1861 and made Chambers' reputation as a popular astronomy writer. The work is divided into ten parts covering the following topics: the planets of our solar system; eclipses; gravity and tides; phenomena including aberration and refraction; comets; chronological astronomy; stars; astronomical instruments; the history of astronomy; and meteoric astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting a wide variety of astronomical phenomena. Chambers went on to become one of the leading amateur astronomers of the nineteenth century. The usefulness and accessibility of his practical advice ensured that his published works became indispensable for thousands of less famous amateurs. The Handbook, reissued in many editions, remains his most popular work and is a key text in the history of Victorian popular astronomical writing.
Emancipation in the West Indies
Authors: Thome James A. , Kimball J. Horace
Published: July 2011

Published in 1838 by the American Anti-Slavery Society, who had commissioned their investigative tour, Thome and Kimball's Emancipation in the West Indies immediately became an influential abolitionist text. Many anti-abolitionists in America were prophesying major upheaval should slavery be outlawed. Slavery had been officially abolished in the British West Indies in 1827, and the object of the tour was to assess the results there. The islands visited had followed different models ranging from total abolition to a gradual change through apprenticeship until 1838, and the results had proved those who feared abolition wrong. There had been no insurrection or increase in crime, participation in education and religion among former slaves had generally increased, and only the former slave-owners were unhappy about the economic consequences for their estates. The book contains documentary evidence from residents and officials of the islands, describing the effects of emancipation.
A Sketch of the Life and Labours of Sir William Jackson Hooker, K.H., D.C.L. Oxon., F.R.S., F.L.S., etc.
Authors: Hooker Joseph Dalton
Published: July 2011

Sir William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865) was an eminent British botanist who is best known for expanding and developing the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew into a leading centre of botanic research and conservation. After undertaking botanical expeditions to Iceland and across Europe, he was appointed Regius Professor of Botany at Glasgow University in 1820, where he proved to be a popular lecturer and established the Royal Botanical Institution of Glasgow. In 1841 Hooker was appointed the first Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew, a position he held until his death. This volume, written by his son, the equally renowned botanist Sir Joseph Hooker (1817–1911) and first published in 1903, provides an intimate biography of his life. Hooker's botanic expeditions, his experiences at Glasgow, and relations between leading members of the scientific community are recounted, together with vivid descriptions of his labours and improvements at Kew.
Across Australia
Authors: Spencer Baldwin , Gillen F. J.
Published: July 2011

Eminent biologist Sir Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929) was born in Lancashire but moved to Australia to take up the chair in biology at the University of Melbourne in 1887. As a member of the 1894 Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia, Spencer made the acquaintance of F. J. Gillen, an advocate of Aboriginal rights, with whom he later formed a working partnership. Spencer and Gillen returned to Alice Springs in Central Australia in 1896–1897, to carry out observations on the local Aboriginal tribe, the Arunta. These observations were published in 1899, in The Native Tribes of Central Australia (also reissued in this series), which represented the most comprehensive study of Aboriginal customs. Gillen and Spencer continued to undertake fieldwork until 1903. Volume 2 of Across Australia (published in two volumes in 1912) describes Aboriginal tribes of the present-day Northern Territory, between Alice Springs and the Gulf of Carpentaria.
English Women of Letters
Authors: Kavanagh Julia
Published: July 2011

Julia Kavanagh (1824–1877) published English Women of Letters in two volumes in 1862. The work, which formed a pair with French Women of Letters (1862), traces the contribution of English women writers, from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth, to the development of the modern novel. Volume 2 contains brief biographical sketches and evaluations of the major works of five important woman writers: Elizabeth Inchbald (1753–1821) and A Simple Story; Maria Edgeworth (1767–1849) and Castle Rackrent, Belinda and Tales of Fasionable Life; Jane Austen (1775–1817) and her six major novels; Amelia Opie (1769–1853) and Father and Daughter and Adeline Mowbray; and Lady Morgan (c.1776–1859) and The Wild Irish Girl and O'Donnel. This important work brought to attention in the Victorian mind the importance of these writers. It has served for many generations of English literature students as a biographical companion to women writers.
Slavery and Freedom in the British West Indies
Authors: Buxton Charles
Published: July 2011

An active Member of Parliament from 1857, Charles Buxton (1822–1871) was the third son of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, a well-known and popular philanthropist (several of whose books are reissued in this collection). Buxton inherited his father's interest in social welfare. He owned property in Co. Kerry, Ireland, and became a strong advocate for reform of the Irish Church, and the introduction of a national education system. Buxton also followed his father in supporting the anti-slavery movement. He published this short work in 1860 in response to critics of the abolition of slavery. He argues that abolition in the British West Indies had brought prosperity to that region, and had also fostered the advance of missionary work and Christian civilisation in West Africa.
A History of Wales
Authors: Williams Jane
Published: July 2011

In great and colourful detail the Welsh writer Jane Williams (1806–1885) tells the history of Wales from the settlement of the Cymry in pre-Christian Britain until the Tudor period. The work, first published in 1869, remained a standard work until the beginning of the twentieth century. The most remarkable feature of the book's methodology is that its narrative is based on the use of an impressive range of source material, ranging from Pliny and Bede to Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Jane Williams is a passionate chronicler of Welsh history and does not seek to be objective in her portrayals. The Earl of Shrewsbury for instance is 'inhuman', and ravages 'the fertile island'; and Williams perceives Daffyd Aberdaron as a zealous Dean of Bangor who 'earnestly' desires 'justice for Wales'. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=willja
John Locke and Modern Life
Authors: Ward Lee
Published: July 2011

Recovers a sense of John Locke's central role in the making of the modern world. It demonstrates that his vision of modern life was constructed on a philosophy of human freedom that is the intellectual nerve connecting the various strands of his thought. By revealing the depth and originality of Locke's critique of the metaphysical assumptions and authoritative institutions of pre-modern life, this book rejects the notion of Locke as an intellectual anachronism. Indeed, the radical core of Locke's modern project was the 'democratization of mind', according to which he challenged practically every previous mode of philosophical analysis by making the autonomous individual the sole determinant of truth. It was on the basis of this new philosophical dispensation that Locke crafted a modern vision not only of government but also of the churches, the family, education, and the conduct of international relations.
Nietzsche's Anti-Darwinism
Authors: Johnson Dirk R.
Published: July 2011

Friedrich Nietzsche's complex connection to Charles Darwin has been much explored, and both scholarly and popular opinions have tended to assume a convergence in their thinking. In this study, Dirk Johnson challenges that assumption and takes seriously Nietzsche's own explicitly stated 'anti-Darwinism'. He argues for the importance of Darwin for the development of Nietzsche's philosophy, but he places emphasis on the antagonistic character of their relationship and suggests that Nietzsche's mature critique against Darwin represents the key to understanding his broader (anti-)Darwinian position. He also offers an original reinterpretation of the Genealogy of Morals, a text long considered sympathetic to Darwinian naturalism, but which he argues should be taken as Nietzsche's most sophisticated critique of both Darwin and his followers. His book will appeal to all who are interested in the philosophy of Nietzsche and its cultural context.
Aristophanes and the Poetics of Competition
Authors: Biles Zachary P.
Published: July 2011

Athenian comic drama was written for performance at festivals honouring the god Dionysos. Through dramatic action and open discourse, poets sought to engage their rivals and impress the audience, all in an effort to obtain victory in the competitions. This book uses that competitive performance context as an interpretive framework within which to understand the thematic interests shaping the plots and poetic quality of Aristophanes' plays in particular, and of Old Comedy in general. Studying five individual plays from the Aristophanic corpus as well as fragments of other comic poets, it reveals the competitive poetics distinctive to each. It also traces thematic connections with other poetic traditions, especially epic, lyric, and tragedy, and thereby seeks to place competitive poetics within broader trends in Greek literature.
Domestic Law Goes Global
Authors: Mitchell Sara McLaughlin , Powell Emilia Justyna
Published: July 2011

International courts have proliferated in the international system, with over one hundred judicial or quasi-judicial bodies in existence today. This book develops a rational legal design theory of international adjudication in order to explain the variation in state support for international courts. Initial negotiators of new courts, 'originators', design international courts in ways that are politically and legally optimal. States joining existing international courts, 'joiners', look to the legal rules and procedures to assess the courts' ability to be capable, fair and unbiased. The authors demonstrate that the characteristics of civil law, common law and Islamic law influence states' acceptance of the jurisdiction of international courts, the durability of states' commitments to international courts, and the design of states' commitments to the courts. Furthermore, states strike cooperative agreements most effectively in the shadow of an international court that operates according to familiar legal principles and rules.
Conquest of Siberia
Authors: Müller Gerhard Friedrich , Pallas Peter Simon
Published: July 2011

Gerhard Müller (1705–1783) is renowned as the first historian to specialise in the history and culture of Siberia. Born in Westphalia, Müller was invited to teach at the newly founded Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg in 1725. He joined the Second Kamtchatka Expedition to western Siberia in 1735, and on his return spent the remainder of his life publishing works on the history of Siberia. His co-author Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811) also served on several expeditions to Siberia. This volume, first published in English in 1842, contains the English translation of these authors' detailed description of the Russian colonisation of Siberia and tensions with China. Combining ethnographic material with accounts of Russia's trade with indigenous Siberian peoples and China, this volume presented one of the first scholarly accounts of Siberia to western Europe at a time when the region was little known outside of Russia.
Faith and Boundaries
Authors: Silverman David J.
Published: July 2011

It was indeed possible for Indians and Europeans to live peacefully in early America and for Indians to survive as distinct communities. Faith and Boundaries uses the story of Martha's Vineyard Wampanoags to examine how. On an island marked by centralized English authority, missionary commitment, and an Indian majority, the Wampanoags' adaptation to English culture, especially Christianity, checked violence while safeguarding their land, community, and ironically, even customs. Yet the colonists' exploitation of Indian land and labor exposed the limits of Christian fellowship and thus hardened racial division. The Wampanoags learned about race through this rising bar of civilization - every time they met demands to reform, colonists moved the bar higher until it rested on biological difference. Under the right circumstances, like those on Martha's Vineyard, religion could bridge wide difference between the peoples of early America, but its transcendent power was limited by the divisiveness of race.
Fundamentals of Guided-Wave Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Chang William S. C.
Published: July 2011

Optoelectronic guided-wave devices are used in a wide range of optical fiber communication and optoelectronic systems. In such networks, the electrical and the optical characteristics of guided-wave devices, and the interplay between them, have a profound effect on system design and overall performance. Uniquely, this book combines both the optical and electrical behavior of guided-wave optoelectronic devices so that the interwoven properties, including interconnections to external components, are easily understood. It provides the key concepts and analytical techniques that readers can apply to current and future devices. It also presents the impact of material properties on guided-wave devices, and emphasizes the importance of time-dependent interactions between electrical and optical signals. This is an ideal reference for graduate students and researchers in electrical engineering and applied physics departments, as well as practitioners in the optoelectronics industry.
Geological Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Phillips Owen M.
Published: July 2011

This book is the long-awaited successor to Owen Phillips's classic textbook, Flow and Reactions in Permeable Rocks, published in 1991. In the intervening 18 years between the two, significant advances have been made to our understanding of subterranean flow, especially through the vast amount of research into underground storage of nuclear waste and aquifer pollution. This new book integrates and extends these modern ideas and techniques and applies them to the physics and chemistry of sub-surface flows in water-saturated, sandy and rocky media. It describes essential scientific concepts and tools for hydrologists and public health ecologists concerned with present day flow and transport, and also for geologists who interpret present day patterns of mineralization in terms of fluid flow in the distant past. The book is ideal for graduate students and professionals in hydrology, water resources, and aqueous geochemistry.
Neuroethics
Authors: Levy Neil
Published: July 2011

Neuroscience has dramatically increased understanding of how mental states and processes are realized by the brain, thus opening doors for treating the multitude of ways in which minds become dysfunctional. This book explores questions such as when is it permissible to alter a person's memories, influence personality traits or read minds? What can neuroscience tell us about free will, self-control, self-deception and the foundations of morality? The view of neuroethics offered here argues that many of our new powers to read ,alter and
control minds are not entirely unparalleled with older ones. They have, however, expanded to include almost all our social, political and ethical decisions. Written primarily for graduate students, this book will appeal to anyone with an interest in the more philosophical and ethical aspects of the neurosciences.
Phase Noise and Frequency Stability in Oscillators
Authors: Rubiola Enrico
Published: July 2011

Presenting a comprehensive account of oscillator phase noise and frequency stability, this practical text is both mathematically rigorous and accessible. An in-depth treatment of the noise mechanism is given, describing the oscillator as a physical system, and showing that simple general laws govern the stability of a large variety of oscillators differing in technology and frequency range. Inevitably, special attention is given to amplifiers, resonators, delay lines, feedback, and flicker (1/f) noise. The reverse engineering of oscillators based on phase-noise spectra is also covered, and end-of-chapter exercises are given. Uniquely, numerous practical examples are presented, including case studies taken from laboratory prototypes and commercial oscillators, which allow the oscillator internal design to be understood by analyzing its phase-noise spectrum. Based on tutorials given by the author at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, international IEEE meetings, and in industry, this is a useful reference for academic researchers, industry practitioners, and graduate students in RF engineering and communications engineering.
Legal Aspects of Economic Integration in Africa
Authors: Oppong Richard Frimpong
Published: July 2011

Richard Frimpong Oppong challenges the view that effective economic integration in Africa is hindered by purely socio-economic, political and infrastructural problems. Inspired by the comparative experiences of other regional economic communities and imbued with insights from constitutional, public and private international law, he argues that even if the socio-economic, political and infrastructural challenges were to disappear, the state of existing laws would hinder any progress. Using a relational framework as the fulcrum of analyses, he demonstrates that in Africa's economic integration processes, community-state, inter-state and inter-community legal relations have neither been carefully thought through nor situated on a solid legal framework, and that attempts made to provide legal framework have been incomplete and, sometimes, grounded on questionable assumptions. To overcome these problems and aid the economic integration agenda that is essential for Africa's long-term economic growth and development, the author proposes radical reforms to community and national laws.
Human Rights Activism and the End of the Cold War
Authors: Snyder Sarah B.
Published: July 2011

Two of the most pressing questions facing international historians today are how and why the Cold War ended. Human Rights Activism and the End of the Cold War explores how, in the aftermath of the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, a transnational network of activists committed to human rights in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe made the topic a central element in East-West diplomacy. As a result, human rights eventually became an important element of Cold War diplomacy and a central component of détente. Sarah B. Snyder demonstrates how this network influenced both Western and Eastern governments to pursue policies that fostered the rise of organized dissent in Eastern Europe, freedom of movement for East Germans and improved human rights practices in the Soviet Union - all factors in the end of the Cold War.
Nonlinear RF Circuits and Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzers
Authors: Roblin Patrick
Published: July 2011

With increasingly low-cost and power-efficient RF electronics demanded by today's wireless communication systems, it is essential to keep up to speed with new developments. This book presents key advances in the field that you need to know about and emerging patterns in large-signal measurement techniques, modeling and nonlinear circuit design theory supported by practical examples.
Topics covered include:
• Novel large-signal measurement techniques that have become available with the introduction of nonlinear vector network analyzers (NVNA), such as the LSNA, PNA-X and SWAP
• Direct extraction of device models from large-signal RF dynamic loadlines
• Characterization of memory effects (self-heating, traps) with pulsed RF measurements
• Interactive design of power-efficient amplifiers (PA) and oscillators using ultra-fast multi-harmonic active load-pull
• Volterra and poly-harmonic distortion (X-parameters) behavioral modeling
• Oscillator phase noise theory
• Balancing, modeling and poly-harmonic linearization of broadband RFIC modulators
• Development of a frequency selective predistorter to linearize PAs
Postcolonial Literature and the Impact of Literacy
Authors: ten Kortenaar Neil
Published: July 2011

Examining images of literacy in African and West Indian novels, Neil ten Kortenaar looks at how postcolonial authors have thought about the act of writing itself. Writing arrived in many parts of Africa as part of colonization in the twentieth century, and with it a whole world of book-learning and paper-pushing; of school and bureaucracy; newspapers, textbooks and letters; candles, hurricane lamps and electricity; pens, paper, typewriters and printed type; and orthography developed for formerly oral languages. Writing only penetrated many layers of West Indian society in the same era. The range of writers is wide, and includes Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka and V. S. Naipaul. The chapters rely on close reading of canonical novels, but discuss general themes and trends in African and Caribbean literature. Ten Kortenaar's sensitive and penetrating treatment of these themes makes this an important contribution to the growing field of postcolonial literary studies.
Multivariable Analysis
Authors: Katz Mitchell H.
Published: July 2011

Now in its third edition, this highly successful text has been fully revised and updated with expanded sections on cutting-edge techniques including Poisson regression, negative binomial regression, multinomial logistic regression and proportional odds regression. As before, it focuses on easy-to-follow explanations of complicated multivariable techniques. It is the perfect introduction for all clinical researchers. It describes how to perform and interpret multivariable analysis, using plain language rather than complex derivations and mathematical formulae. It focuses on the nuts and bolts of performing research, and prepares the reader to set up, perform and interpret multivariable models. Numerous tables, graphs and tips help to demystify the process of performing multivariable analysis. The text is illustrated with many up-to-date examples from the medical literature on how to use multivariable analysis in clinical practice and in research.
Irony and the Modern Theatre
Authors: Storm William
Published: July 2011

Irony and theatre share intimate kinships, not only regarding dramatic conflict, dialectic or wittiness, but also scenic structure and the verbal or situational ironies that typically mark theatrical speech and action. Yet irony today, in aesthetic, literary and philosophical contexts especially, is often regarded with skepticism – as ungraspable, or elusive to the point of confounding. Countering this tendency, Storm advocates a wide-angle view of this master trope, exploring the ironic in major works by playwrights including Chekhov, Pirandello and Brecht, and in notable relation to well-known representative characters in drama from Ibsen's Halvard Solness to Stoppard's Septimus Hodge and Wasserstein's Heidi Holland. To the degree that irony is existential, its presence in the theatre relates directly to the circumstances and the expressiveness of the characters on stage. This study investigates how these key figures enact, embody, represent and personify the ironic in myriad situations in the modern and contemporary theatre.
Psychology and Catholicism
Authors: Kugelmann Robert
Published: July 2011

In this study of psychology and Catholicism, Kugelmann aims to provide clarity in an area filled with emotion and opinion. From the beginnings of modern psychology to the mid-1960s, this complicated relationship between science and religion is methodically investigated. Conflicts such as the boundary of 'person' versus 'soul', contested between psychology and the Church, are debated thoroughly. Kugelmann goes on to examine topics such as the role of the subconscious in explaining spiritualism and miracles; psychoanalysis and the sacrament of confession; myth and symbol in psychology and religious experience; cognition and will in psychology and in religious life; humanistic psychology as a spiritual movement. This fascinating study will be of great interest to scholars and students of both psychology and religious studies but will also appeal to all of those who have an interest in the way modern science and traditional religion coexist in our ever-changing society.
The Legendary Biographies of Tamerlane
Authors: Sela Ron
Published: July 2011

Timur (or Tamerlane) is famous as the fourteenth-century conqueror of much of Central Eurasia and the founder of the Timurid dynasty. His reputation lived on in his native lands and reappeared some three centuries after his death in the form of fictional biographies, authored anonymously in Persian and Turkic. These biographies have become part of popular culture. Despite a direct continuity in their production from the eighteenth century to the present, they remain virtually unknown to people outside the region. This remarkable and rigorous scholarly appraisal of the legendary biographies of Tamerlane is the first of its kind in any language. The book sheds light not only on the character of Tamerlane and how he was remembered and championed by many generations after his demise, but also on the era in which the biographies were written and how they were conceived and received by the local populace during an age of crisis in their own history.
Friedrich Engels and Marxian Political Economy
Authors: Hollander Samuel
Published: July 2011

This book rejects the commonly encountered perception of Friedrich Engels as perpetuator of a 'tragic deception' of Marx, and the equally persistent body of opinion treating him as 'his master's voice'. Engels' claim to recognition is reinforced by an exceptional contribution in the 1840s to the very foundations of the Marxian enterprise, a contribution entailing not only the 'vision' but some of the building blocks in the working out of that vision. Subsequently, he proved himself to be a sophisticated interpreter of the doctrine of historical materialism and an important contributor in his own right. This volume serves as a companion to Samuel Hollander's The Economics of Karl Marx (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
Godly Kingship in Restoration England
Authors: Rose Jacqueline
Published: July 2011

The position of English monarchs as supreme governors of the Church of England profoundly affected early modern politics and religion. This innovative book explores how tensions in church-state relations created by Henry VIII's Reformation continued to influence relationships between the crown, Parliament and common law during the Restoration, a distinct phase in England's 'long Reformation'. Debates about the powers of kings and parliaments, the treatment of Dissenters and emerging concepts of toleration were viewed through a Reformation prism where legitimacy depended on godly status. This book discusses how the institutional, legal and ideological framework of supremacy perpetuated the language of godly kingship after 1660 and how supremacy was complicated by the ambivalent Tudor legacy. It was manipulated by not only Anglicans, but also tolerant kings and intolerant parliaments, Catholics, Dissenters and radicals like Thomas Hobbes. Invented to uphold the religious and political establishments, supremacy paradoxically ended up subverting them.
Music, Culture and Social Reform in the Age of Wagner
Authors: Garratt James
Published: July 2011

Challenging received views of music in nineteenth-century German thought, culture and society, this 2010 book provides a radical reappraisal of its socio-political meanings and functions. Garratt argues that far from governing the nineteenth-century musical discourse and practice, the concept of artistic autonomy and the aesthetic categories bequeathed by Weimar classicism were persistently challenged by alternative models of music's social role. The book investigates these competing models and the social projects that gave rise to them. It interrogates nineteenth-century musical discourse, discussing a wide range of manifestos championing musical democratization or seeking to make music an engine for the transformation of society. In addition, it explores institutions and movements that attempted to realize these goals, and compositions - by Mendelssohn, Lortzing and Liszt as well as Wagner - in which the relation between aesthetic and social claims is programmatic.
Monotone iterative sequences for non-local elliptic problems
Authors: AL-REFAI MOHAMMED , KAVALLARIS NIKOS I. , HAJJI MOHAMED ALI
Published: July 2011

In this paper we establish an existence and uniqueness result for a class of non-local elliptic differential equations with the Dirichlet boundary conditions, which, in general, do not accept a maximum principle. We introduce one monotone sequence of lower–upper pairs of solutions and prove uniform convergence of that sequence to the actual solution of the problem, which is the unique solution for some range of λ (the parameter of the problem). The convergence of the iterative sequence is tested through examples with an order of convergence greater than 1.
The orexin OX1 receptor exists predominantly as a homodimer in the basal state: potential regulation of receptor organization by both agonist and antagonist ligands
Authors: Xu Tian-Rui , Ward Richard J. , Pediani John D. , Milligan Graeme
Published: July 2011

It is unclear what proportion of a G-protein-coupled receptor is present in cells as dimers or oligomers. Saturation bioluminescence resonance energy transfer studies demonstrated the orexin OX1 receptor to be present in such complexes. Forms of this receptor containing a minimal epitope tag, with the C-terminus linked to yellow fluorescent protein or modified at the N-terminus to incorporate a SNAP tag, migrated in SDS/PAGE gels as monomers, indicating a lack of covalent interactions. Solubilization with dodecylmaltoside, followed by Blue native-PAGE, indicated that the receptor constructs migrated predominantly as anticipated for dimeric species with evidence for further, higher-order, complexes, and this was true over a wide range of expression levels. Addition of SDS prior to separation by Blue native-PAGE resulted in much of the previously dimeric, and all of the higher-order, complexes being dissociated and now migrating at the size predicted for monomeric species. Expression of forms of the OX1 receptor capable of generating enzyme complementation confirmed that solubilization itself did not result in interaction artefacts. Addition of the endogenous agonist orexin A enhanced the proportion of higher-order OX1 receptor complexes, whereas selective OX1 antagonists increased the proportion the OX1 receptor migrating in Blue native-PAGE as a monomer. The antagonist effects were produced in a concentration-dependent manner, consistent with the affinity of the ligands for the receptor. Homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies using Tag-Lite™ reagents on cells expressing the SNAP-tagged OX1 receptor identified cell-surface OX1 homomers. Predominantly at low receptor expression levels, orexin A increased such fluorescence resonance energy transfer signals, also consistent with ligand-induced reorganization of the homomeric complex.
Annular aperture array based color filter
Authors: Si Guangyuan , Zhao Yanhui , Liu Hong , Teo Siewlang , Zhang Mingsheng , Jun Huang Tony , Danner Aaron J. , Teng Jinghua
Published: July 2011

In this letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a color filter based on an annular aperture geometry working in the visible range. The device is built by configuring an array of annular apertures in a gold film suitable for transmission measurement. We show effective fine tuning of resonance peaks through precise geometric control of the aperture dimensions. Selective transmission through annular apertures of various sizes leads to continuous color tuning of transmitted electromagnetic waves. This may find potential for application in high-definition displays, optical filters, ultrafast switching, and bio-sensing.
Scattering due to spacer layer thickness fluctuation on two dimensional electron gas in AlGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped heterostructures
Authors: Liu Guipeng , Wu Ju , Lu Yanwu , Li Zhiwei , Song Yafeng , Li Chengming , Yang Shaoyan , Liu Xianglin , Zhu Qinsheng , Wang Zhanguo
Published: July 2011

The electron mobility limited by spacer layer thickness fluctuation (SLTF) scattering on the two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped heterostructure is investigated. Although the SLTF scattering and the interface roughness scattering are both induced by the roughness of the AlGaAs/GaAs interface, they are two different scattering mechanisms. The interface roughness will lead to the fluctuation of the distance from the electrons to the ideal interface and the fluctuation of the spacer layer thickness. The former induces the fluctuation of the electron potential, which works as the interface roughness scattering potential. The latter induces the fluctuation of the sheet carrier density in the channel, which causes a fluctuation in the quantization energy level. The quantization energy level fluctuation works as the SLTF scattering potential. Compared with the interface roughness scattering, the results reveal that the SLTF scattering becomes the dominant scattering mechanism when the doping density in the AlGaAs is high enough.
Geometrical and substituent effects in conical intersections: Linking chemical structure and photoreactivity in polyenes
Authors: Nenov Artur , de Vivie-Riedle Regina
Published: July 2011

The knowledge of the intersection space topography of electronic states is essential for deciphering and predicting photoinduced reactions. Michl and Bonac̆ić-Koutecký developed a two-electron two-orbital model that allowed first systematic studies of the chemical origin of conical intersections in strongly polar systems. We generalize this approach to arbitrary functionalized and unfunctionalized polyene systems. For the extended model, a set of mathematical conditions for the formation of conical intersections are derived. These conditions are translated into geometrical motions and electronic effects, which help to explain and predict the structure and energetics of conical intersections. A three-step strategy for the conceptual search of conical intersections is outlined. Its universal validity is demonstrated using the textbook example cyclohexadiene and its functionalized derivative trifluoromethyl-indolylfulgide, a chromophore studied for possible application as a molecular switch.
Site-specific intermolecular interaction in α-phase crystalline films of phthalocyanines studied by soft x-ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Yamane H. , Hatsui T. , Iketaki K. , Kaji T. , Hiramoto M. , Kosugi N.
Published: July 2011

The local electronic structures of crystalline and amorphous films of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) have been studied by soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). We found a clear crystalline structure dependence of the elastic-peak shape in the resonant XES spectra. The elastic peaks of both ZnPc and H2Pc are found to show an asymmetric shape due to resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the nitrogen sites for the α-crystalline films, but not for the amorphous films. The observed RIXS feature is ascribed to the charge transfer excitation due to the Raman-active intermolecular interaction, which dominates the excited-electron dynamics in α-crystalline phthalocyanine films.
Faraday cup with nanosecond response and adjustable impedance for fast electron beam characterization
Authors: Hu Jing , Rovey Joshua L.
Published: July 2011

A movable Faraday cup design with simple structure and adjustable impedance is described in this work. This Faraday cup has external adjustable shunt resistance for self-biased measurement setup and 50 Ω characteristic impedance to match with 50 Ω standard BNC coaxial cable and vacuum feedthroughs for nanosecond-level pulse signal measurements. Adjustable shunt resistance allows self-biased measurements to be quickly acquired to determine the electron energy distribution function. The performance of the Faraday cup is validated by tests of response time and amplitude of output signal. When compared with a reference source, the percent difference of the Faraday cup signal fall time is less than 10% for fall times greater than 10 ns. The percent difference of the Faraday cup signal pulse width is below 6.7% for pulse widths greater than 10 ns. A pseudospark-generated electron beam is used to compare the amplitude of the Faraday cup signal with a calibrated F-70 commercial current transformer. The error of the Faraday cup output amplitude is below 10% for the 4–14 kV tested pseudospark voltages. The main benefit of this Faraday cup is demonstrated by adjusting the external shunt resistance and performing the self-biased method for obtaining the electron energy distribution function. Results from a 4 kV pseudospark discharge indicate a “double-humped” energy distribution.
Homogeneous circular polarizers using a bilayered chiral metamaterial
Authors: Ye Yuqian , Li Xuan , Zhuang Fei , Chang Shu-Wei
Published: July 2011

We propose a homogeneous circular polarizer based on a bilayered chiral metamaterial with two enantiomeric wheel patterns. The transmitted field of an arbitrarily polarized incident wave through this bilayered structure is nearly circularly polarized with a circular polarization extinction ratio of more than 30 dB at resonance. We show that the origin of this phenomenon is the excitation of spinning electric dipoles in the wheel patterns, which blocks the transmission of one-handed circularly polarized component but exert little influence on the other. We also demonstrate that the operation bandwidth can be enhanced by stacking functional layers in the propagation direction.
Complete set of material properties of single domain 0.24Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.49Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.27PbTiO3 single crystal and the orientation effects
Authors: Sun Enwei , Cao Wenwu , Jiang Wenhua , Han Pengdi
Published: July 2011

Multidomain relaxor-based single crystals have intrigued the enthusiasm of many researchers due to their superior electromechanical properties. In order to understand the physical origin of multidomain properties, one must know the complete set of material coefficients in single domain state. Previous published single domain data were all measured under bias because single domain state is unstable. Here, we report a set of single domain data without bias for rhombohedral 0.24Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.49Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.27PbTiO3 single crystal. Comparing rotated coefficients from single domain data with measured multidomain material coefficients, we concluded that the orientation effects account for more than 90% of the observed multidomain properties.
Nondegeneracy of entire solutions of a singular Liouvillle equation
Authors: del Pino Manuel , Esposito Pierpaolo , Musso Monica
Published: July 2011

We establish nondegeneracy of the explicit family of finite mass solutions of the Liouvillle equation with a singular source of integer multiplicity, in the sense that all bounded elements in the kernel of the linearization correspond to variations along the parameters of the family.
First tooth-set outside the jaws in a vertebrate
Authors: Finarelli John A. , Coates Michael I.
Published: July 2011

Holocephalans (ratfish, rabbitfish and chimaeras) figure with increasing prominence in studies of gnathostome evolutionary biology. Here, we provide the first complete description of the teeth and toothplates of one of the earliest known holocephalans,
Chondrenchelys problematica
, including the first unambiguous evidence of a gnathostome with an extra-mandibular dentition. We further demonstrate that holocephalan toothplate ontogeny differs fundamentally from all other extant gnathostome examples, and show how the conjunction of these teeth and toothplates challenges the monophyly of an extinct chondrichthyan clade, the Petalodontiformes.
Chondrenchelys
provides a novel perspective on the evolution of dentitions in shark-like fishes, expands the known repertoire of gnathostome dental morphologies and offers a glimpse of radically new chondrichthyan ecomorphs, now lost from the modern biota, following the end-Devonian extinctions.
The influence of spatio-temporal resource fluctuations on insular rat population dynamics
Authors: Russell James C. , Ruffino Lise
Published: July 2011

Local spatio-temporal resource variations can strongly influence the population dynamics of small mammals. This is particularly true on islands which are bottom-up driven systems, lacking higher order predators and with high variability in resource subsidies. The influence of resource fluctuations on animal survival may be mediated by individual movement among habitat patches, but simultaneously analysing survival, resource availability and habitat selection requires sophisticated analytical methods. We use a Bayesian multi-state capture–recapture model to estimate survival and movement probabilities of non-native black rats (
Rattus rattus
) across three habitats seasonally varying in resource availability. We find that survival varies most strongly with temporal rainfall patterns, overwhelming minor spatial variation among habitats. Surprisingly for a generalist forager, movement between habitats was rare, suggesting individuals do not opportunistically respond to spatial resource subsidy variations. Climate is probably the main driver of rodent population dynamics on islands, and even substantial habitat and seasonal spatial subsidies are overwhelmed in magnitude by predictable annual patterns in resource pulses. Marked variation in survival and capture has important implications for the timing of rat control.