bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Аналіз досвіду проведення заходів з десантування вантажів парашутним способом в антитерористичній операції
Authors: Мордвинов С. Л. , Адаменко М. В. , Іванов О. В.
Published: March 2021

Пріоритетним способом доставки органів розвідки в тил противника та підтримання (забезпечення) їхніх подальших дій є парашутне десантування. Останнім часом цей напрям стрімко розвивається в провідних країнах світу та набуває широкого застосування під час проведення спеціальних і загальновійськових операцій у локальних конфліктах. З огляду на це важливим є поглиблений аналіз власного досвіду та оцінювання наявних сил та засобів доставки повітряних десантів.
Стаття містить загальний опис проблем, виявлених у процесі виконання практичних завдань з десантування вантажів під час ведення бойових дій на сході України. За результатами проведеного аналізу запропоновані шляхи вирішення висвітлених проблемних питань, надані пропозиції до проектів керівних документів, методичних рекомендацій. Висвітлені нові перспективні способи застосування повітрянодесантної техніки, що може сприяти підвищенню ефективності застосування повітряного десантування розвідувальних органів.
Концепція розвитку військово-гуманітарної освіти в Україні (проєкт)
Authors: Сиротенко А. М. , Вітченко А. О. , Осьодло В. І. , Алещенко В. І.
Published: March 2021

Системному втіленню ідей і рішень, сформульованих в опублікованій у цьому номері журналу статті «Розвиток військово-гуманітарної вищої освіти в Україні: від усвідомлення пріоритетності до концептуалізації», сприятиме розроблений проєкт Концепції розвитку військово-гуманітарної вищої освіти в Україні, підготовлений колективом науковців НУОУ імені Івана Черняховського.
Зауваження і пропозиції щодо пропонованого проєкту прохання надсилати до редакції журналу «Наука і оборона».
El debido proceso en el régimen disciplinario de los internos en Colombia, Ecuador y España
Authors: Riaño Santacruz Ángela Sofía , Páez Carballo Jhon Freddy , Calderón Cárdenas Astrid Milena
Published: March 2021

La investigación Corto Circuito, ahora en la escena digital se propuso al percibirse una necesidad en el evento pereirano celebrado mensualmente Corto Circuito, Escenarios Para el Arte de crear piezas promocionales donde se haga una progresión de lo analógico a lo digital y evidenciar su trabajo de manera efectiva. Esto llevado a cabo mediante una investigación-creación cualitativa donde la observación participativa del evento y el registro tanto fotográfico como audiovisual serían los métodos pertinentes de recopilación de datos. Estos permitieron a la investigación crear estrategias de comunicación y emplearlas en contenidos audiovisuales y gráficos funcionales para la promoción y distribución del evento Corto Circuito. Dando en conclusión dos piezas audiovisuales, una campaña gráfica, un sitio web y una cuña radial, todos con un enfoque publicitario y corporativo que expresen la identidad del evento, su audiencia y responder a la necesidad de mantener vivos espacios socio-culturales y artísticos en la ciudad.
Síntomas respiratorios asociados al humo del electrocauterio: revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Palomino Castro Mariana Alejandra , Usma Zapata Manuela , Triana Bermeo Geraldine , Blanco Vanegas Angélica María , Acevedo Osorio Germán Oved , Rincón Hurtado Ángela María
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La exposición a la inhalación de sustancias tóxicas por medio del uso del electrocauterio en procedimientos quirúrgicos, puede ser la causa de síntomas respiratorios en instrumentadores quirúrgicos ya que las partículas de humo generadas por este equipo médico son altamente irritantes debido a su composición química. Metodología: Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura con metodología Scoping Review. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos e índices: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Proquest, Scielo, Scholar Google. Resultados: Se recuperaron un total de ciento veintiún artículos, de estos noventa y cuatro fueron excluidos del análisis posterior debido a la falta de datos apropiados, los veintisiete estudios de texto completo restantes publicados entre los años 2015 y 2020, cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión planteados en el estudio, los cuales fueron incluidos en la revisión. Hubo ocho estudios relacionados con los componentes del humo quirúrgico y los síntomas y/o patologías respiratorias de los cuales tres eran estudios de revisión sistemática, un estudio cualitativo, un estudio descriptivo, un estudio de revisión de literatura y dos no reportaban el tipo de estudio. Conclusiones: Los riesgos ante la inhalación del humo de electrocauterio puede desencadenar patologías respiratorias crónicas como el cáncer pulmonar, por lo tanto, se deben generar estrategias para la prevención de la enfermedad como el uso adecuado de los elementos de protección personal y la implementación de sistemas de evacuación.
Numerical computation of natural ventilation system at the top floor of a multistory building in Dhaka city
Authors: Bangalee Md Zavid Iqbal , Ferdows M , Begum Roushanara
Published: March 2021

urban environment studies have become more and more critical in the past decades because of the rapid development of urbanization in industrial countries. Temperature, velocity, average mass flow, etc. at different unit on the top floor of a multistory building are discussed here. For the numerical computation of the air flow inside the building rooms, the k−ε turbulence model is used. ANSYS CFX software is used to solve the governing equations. For modeling the building, Bangladesh's national building code is applied. The turbulence model is also validated by comparing the result with an experimental result and a numerical result. Satisfactory ventilation rate is also ensured by comparing the result with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, 161-178, 2020
The Effect of Oral Clonidine at Different Doses on Post-Operative Analgesic and Hemodynamic Status in Upper Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Mondol Mohammmad Shaddam Hoshain , Das Rajat Shuvra , Ali Md Arman , Shathi Ishrat Jhahan , Miah Mohammad Abdul Karim , Rahman Chowdhury Md Mushfiqur , Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: March 2021

Background: Upper abdominal surgery (like- hepatobiliary surgery, gastrectomy, esophagectomy, hepatictomy, and whipples operations that involve large surgical incisions) lead to severe postoperative pain that lead to higher doses of opoids use in post-operative period as a result incidence of unwanted side effect and respiratory complication increase hospital stay and morbidity. To reduce the use of opioids clonidine can be used as a multimodal analgesic approach. It is reported that clonidine 150mcg intravenous (I/V) produce a similar analgesic effect to morphine 5mg in patient after orthopedic surgery. Because of its dose, route, and surgical variation it is very much important to specify the dose for upper abdominal surgery.

Material and methods: After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria the patients were randomized to receive Group: A (2mcg/kg oral clonidine) and Group: B (4mcg/kg oral clonidine), one hour (60minutes) before surgery as an oral premedication. All groups were compared for preoperative analgesic, sedation and anxiety level along with changes of heart rate and mean arterial pressure prior to premedication and post-operative periods as follows VAS (visual analogue score) pain scores.

Result: The post-operative pain measured on VAS showed Group A expressed highest VAS at 6thpost-operative hour Group –B showed highest VAS at 14th post-operative hour. So it is very clear to us that pethedine requirement of Group B (4mcg/kg oral clonidine) is less than Group A (2mcg/kg oral clonidine). The oral premedication with clonidine at 2 microgram per kg or 4 microgram per kg for postoperative analgesia and hemodynamic stability of elective upper abdominal surgery patients.

Conclusion: As a part of multimodal analgesic approach, 4mcg/kg oral clonidine premedication is effective to perioperative pain control and keep stable the haemodynamic in upper abdominal surgery

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.2, October, 2019, Page 131-135
Pengaruh Inflasi, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Jumlah Uang yang beredar dan Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) terhadap Nilai Aktiva Bersih Reksadana Syariah
Authors: Zaman Ulul Albab Badru
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Inflasi, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Jumlah Uang Beredar dan Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) terhadap Nilai Aktiva Bersih Reksadana Syariah selama periode Januari 2012-Desember 2015. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data bulanan dari masing-masing variabel. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Vector Autoregressive (VAR) dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan Eviews versi 9.0. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: (1) Berdasarkan uji Kausalitas Granger, tidak ada variabel yang menunjukkan hubungan kausalitas dua arah dengan NAB Reksadana Syariah. Akan tetapi, hanya variabel Kurs yang masih menunjukkan hubungan kausalitas satu arah dengan NAB Reksadana Syariah. (2) Berdasarkan uji Impulse Response Function, NAB Reksadana Syariah menunjukkan respons yang tidak stabil terhadap guncangan pada variabel Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Jumlah Uang Beredar dan Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Akan tetapi, guncangan pada masing-masing variabel cenderung direspons secara positif oleh variabel NAB Reksadana Syariah. (3) Berdasarkan uji Variance Decomposition, variabel yang memberikan pengaruh guncangan terbesar yaitu variabel NAB Reksadana Syariah itu sendiri diikuti dengan Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), Jumlah Uang Beredar, Nilai Tukar Rupiah dan Inflasi.
Urgensi Sumber Daya Insani dalam Institusi Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Cahyani Yutisa Tri
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini menganalisis tentang konsep sumber daya insani di lembaga keuangan perbankan syariah. Sumber daya insani merupakan komponen yang wajib ada dalam institusi perbankan syariah. Selama ini, pihak perbankan syariah mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari sumber daya insani yang berkompeten dan mumpuni. Mereka merekrut sumber daya insani dalam institusi perbankan syariah, justru mengambil  dari sumber daya insani perbankan konvensional. Dalam artikel ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis. Merupakan suatu metode penelitian yang mendeskriptifkan bagaimana urgensi sumber daya insani dalam perbankan syariah saat ini. Dari deskripsi gambaran-gambaran dan masalah perbankan syariah yang ada, kemudian dianalisis dan dideskripsikan berdasarkan fakta-fakta atau kenyataan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa yang terjadi selama ini hanyalah perpindahan pegawai dari bank konvensional ke bank syariah. Sehingga yang terjadi adalah kurang kompetennya sumber daya insani tersebut dibidang perbankan syariah secara khusus. Pengembangan sumber daya insani perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan mutu atau kualitas dari sumber daya insani itu sendiri. Hal ini dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sumber daya insani yang masih jauh dari kata cukup. Dengan adanya pengembangan sumber daya insani, akan melahirkan insan-insan yang berkualitas, kompeten dan memiliki etos kerja yang diharapkan.
A Translation into English of Khalil I. Al-Fuzai’s1 “A Lot of Hands”2
Authors: Dohal Gassim H.
Published: March 2021

Translating Khalil I. Al-Fuzai’s “A Lot of Hands” aims at what Bhabha calls “cultural communication” (228).  In this way, translation reconstructs and introduces the self to other people and nations. In this sense, translation contributes to the concept of identity. Khalil I. Al-Fuzai (1940-today) is a writer from Saudi Arabia who wrote a few collections of stories. In his stories he tries to present his Arabian community in a direct, simple way (Dohal 2013). One of his stories is “A Lot of Hands.” Methodology is a document translation of a story for it is a good sample of what Al-Fuzai has written (Dohal, 2018 & 2019). In addition, it addresses a side of the Arabian culture; this story depicts the abuse and oppression that some children face from their close relatives. Indeed it is about a universal concern.
Educação ambiental e Agenda 2030: percepção de gestores de uma rede de ensino básico e superior privado
Authors: Capponi Neiva Feuser , Ahlert Alvori , Dal’Asta Denis , Fiirst Clóvis
Published: March 2021

Tendo por objetivo analisar a percepção dos gestores de uma rede de ensino quanto a prática da Educação Ambiental e da Agenda 2030, sob a ótica da Teoria Institucional, esta pesquisa estruturou-se como quantitativa descritiva, ocorrida por meio da aplicação de um questionário a diretores de uma rede de ensino. O retorno de 21 respostas permitiu a tabulação por meio da Escala Likert e foram passadas pelo gerenciador estatístico/econométrico STATA, no período de agosto de 2019 a março de 2020. A Rede Sinodal de Ensino ainda não se encontra em nenhuma fase das quatro categoriais da Teoria Institucional, codificação, incorporação, reprodução e institucionalização, quanto as demandas da Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental (Lei 9.795/1999) e da Agenda 2030. Estes resultados contribuem com os gestores da Rede Sinodal pela assimetria das informações. Para futuras pesquisas, sugere-se aplicar em outros segmentos educacionais, públicos quanto privados e, em todos os níveis, utilizando-se de plataformas digitais para maior participação. A identificação se a Educação Ambiental está ou não institucionalizada, permite que outros órgãos de controle educacional e a sociedade se beneficiem, tanto da contribuição prática quanto da motivação que é possível fomentar novos comportamentos em favor do meio ambiente.
Construção e validação da cartilha educativa para enfermeiros sobre lesão por pressão
Authors: Portugal Lívia Bertasso Araújo , Christovam Barbara Pompeu , Almeida Bernadete Lourdes Oliveira da Silva
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para enfermeiros sobre lesão por pressão. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em três etapas – revisão integrativa, elaboração de cartilha, e validação por especialistas no assunto e representantes do público-alvo. Realizou-se a validação por 8 juízes e 39 representantes do público-alvo. Considerou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80, para validação de conteúdo e concordância mínima de 75% para validação de aparência. Resultados: A cartilha apresentou Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,90 pelos juízes e nível de concordância excelente entre os juízes (87%-100%) e representantes do público-alvo (96%-100%). Entretanto, os juízes propuseram sugestões de melhorias da cartilha, que foram acatadas e modificadas para versão final do material. Conclusão: a cartilha educativa foi validada quanto ao conteúdo e aparência, devendo ser considerada no contexto das atividades educativas como instrumento capaz de favorecer os enfermeiros na prevenção e tratamento da lesão por pressão.
Explorando as operações aritméticas no antigo Egito por meio da história da Matemática
Authors: Santos Andressa Gomes dos , Freire Dianara Figueirêdo , Pereira Ana Carolina Costa
Published: March 2021

Com o incentivo de pesquisas, como a de Costa & Lima (2016) e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), para incorporar a história ao ensino de matemática, tem-se como opção abordar a aritmética egípcia como forma de (re)construir alguns conceitos matemáticos em sala de aula. Objetiva-se, com esse texto, conhecer a prática aritmética egípcia e apresentar propostas de atividades sobre as operações de multiplicação e divisão. Desse modo, tem-se uma metodologia qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico e exploratória quanto ao objetivo. Assim, contempla-se, por meio desse caminhar bibliográfico, um pouco do contexto da civilização egípcia antiga e os seus processos aritméticos utilizados para resolução de vários tipos de problemas da época. Diante disso, a partir da produção de dados, foi constatado que esse procedimento aritmético egípcio pode colaborar para o ensino de matemática, então foi elaborado uma sessão de atividades sobre esse assunto para estimular e propor a incorporação da história da matemática no ensino, como fornecedora de recurso, contribuindo, assim, para a aprendizagem dos discentes.
Educação em Saúde através de mídias sociais para pacientes submetidos a endoscopia digestiva: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Barbosa Maria Célia Teixeira , Pinto Ana Cristina Silva , Alcantara Laisa Figueredo Ferreira Lós de , Macedo Eliza Cristina , Teixeira Vânia Maria Fernandes , Couto Leila Leontina , Freitas Vera Lúcia , Silva Jeniffer Lopes Rodrigues da , Brasil Sabrina da Silva , Carvalho Isabelle Christine Nunes de , Nascimento Monique Oliveira de Freitas
Published: March 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as evidências acerca da comunicação via mídias socias entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes que serão submetidos à Endoscopia Digestiva. É uma revisão integrativa considerando as seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, Web of Science e Scopus. A amostra foi composta por 08 artigos internacionais. Quanto à localização de realização do estudo, 04 são asiáticos, 02 europeus e 02 norte-americanos. Os delineamentos mais frequentes foram o estudo prospectivo randomizado, com 06 estudos, seguidos pelo método misto com 01 e estudo descritivo com 01. Portanto, 06 estudos (75%) apresentaram nível de evidência 02 (forte) e dois (25%), nível de evidência 6 (fraca). Os resultados apontam para a escassez de estudos brasileiros que analisem o uso das mídias sociais como ferramenta de apoio para processos de educação em saúde, principalmente nos benefícios a exames diagnósticos como forma de minimizar os cancelamentos e ou realização de forma ineficaz.
Avaliação do centro de gravidade de crianças e adolescentes com Mucopolissacaridose tipo VI
Authors: Oliveira Sabrina de Melo , Lima Vanessa , Azevedo Breno , Figueirêdo Bárbara Bernardo
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A mucopolissacaridose tipo VI (MPS VI) ou síndrome de Maroteaux-Lamy é uma doença metabólica rara, hereditária, conhecida como uma doença de depósito lisossomal onde os pacientes apresentam deformidades progressivas. Há uma necessidade de se entender como se comporta o centro de gravidade (CG) desses pacientes, como uma forma de prevenir quedas e direcionar a terapêutica. Objetivo: Avaliar a projeção do centro de gravidade de forma estática de crianças e adolescentes com MPS VI através do software de avaliação postural (SAPO®). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo corte transversal, realizado em um centro de referência em doenças raras, com pacientes com MPS VI. A avaliação foi realizada de forma estática através de analise utilizando o SAPO®. Resultados: Foram avaliados 15 voluntários, 60% (9) do sexo masculino, com idade média de 7,80 ± 3,66. Foram encontradas assimetrias nos planos frontal e sagital, sendo uma maior assimetria no plano sagital: 34,68%±18,04 de assimetria, apresentando valor máximo de 73,7%. O CG de 93,9% dos avaliados estavam anteriorizados. Conclusão: Baseando-se nos relatórios emitidos pelo SAPO®, pode-se afirmar que existem alterações no CG das crianças e adolescentes com MPS VI.
Quality Program Life Cycle Sebagai Model Diklat Pengembangan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Riset
Authors: Amrullah Romanda Annas , Raharjo Budi Joko , Kusumawardhana Yovananda Bayudewa
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan dan pelatihan kejuruan (vokasi) berbasis  kompetensi keahlian memainkan peran kunci dalam mempromosikan daya saing dan kemakmuran ekonomi. Namun, di Indonesia sebagai Negara yang memiliki bonus demografi dan Negara maritim belum menjadi prioritas untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia yang tangguh untuk mengelola kekayaan wilayah laut hal ini tercermin dalam kurikulum vokasi yang tidak pernah direkontruksi mengikuti perubahan lingkungan eksternal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah journal research dengan methode kualitatif ekplanasi. Mengintegrasikan teori konsep  model kuwalitas pendidikan dan pelatihan Finlandia, teori pilihan siswa untuk menentukan pilihan perguruan tinggi serta teori konsep model pendidikan dan latihan siklus hidup maritim dari Eropa. Penelitian menghasilkan konsep model kebaharuan Quality Program  Life Cycle. Quality Program  Life Cycle adalah model pendidikan vokasi yang mengutamakan kualitas (perekrutan, pendidikan, pelatihan  dan pendampingan) secara berkualitas (taruna, dosen, karyawan/staff, pelatihan) dengan program yang terukur, tansparan dan akuntabilitas dengan keterlibatan penuh institusi/lembaga, mahasiswa dan perusahaan sebagai perputaran (Life Cycle) secara berkelanjutan. Penjelasan dimensi, konsep, operasional dijelaskan lebih lanjut dalam penelitian ini.
Beban Kerja dan Konflik Kerja Sebagai Penjelas Terjadinya Stress Kerja Pelaut
Authors: Hermawati Renny , Suganjar Suganjar
Published: March 2021

Pekerjaan sebagai seorang pelaut merupakan pekerjaan yang rentan dengan kebosanan. Durasi kontrak kerja yang relative panjang dengan  beban kerja dan konflik pekerjaan yang tinggi, rentan terhadap kelelahan yang dapat memicu terjadinya stress kerja. Dari review yang dilakukan pada penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja dan konflik kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap stress kerja di beberapa objek penelitian yang berbeda. Hal tersebut menjadikan indikasi bahwa diduga beban kerja dan konflik kerja akan berpengaruh terhadap stress kerja jika dilakukan study pada pelaut Indonesia. Pengujian pengujian terhadap model pengujian statistik yang dilakukan pada data penelitian, dilakukan dengan pendekatan uji regresi berganda. Hasil dari pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa stress kerja yang dialami oleh pekerja di atas kapal dipengaruhi oleh beban kerja dan konflik kerja, sehingga dalam temuan ini dapat diketahui bahwa apabila stress kerja yang dialami oleh para pelaut saat bekerja di atas kapal, maka hal tersebut disebabkan oleh munculnya peningkatan beban kerja serta konflik kerja bagi para pelaut Indonesia yang bekerja di atas kapal.
THE EFFECT OF E-LEARNING THROUGH AUDIO-VISUAL ANIMATION MEDIA TOWARDS LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THIRD GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Kristiandar Fadilah Yulia , Kamidjan Kamidjan , Wiyadi Heru
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research were to determine the result of the influence of Audio-visual-based animation media on learning the students of the third grade Elementary School on a 7 subthemes learning energy source 1. This type of research uses pre-experimental research subject in the third grade SDN Kepanjen 1 Jombang for experimental class. Data collecting technique uses observation, documentation and tests. The results of data analysis techniques show that by using audio-visual based animation media the learning process is more meaningful and students do not feel bored. Animation is a moving picture accompanied by sound, arranged in orderly manner following the set of motion at each additional count of time. The audio-visual-based animation is made through the powtoon applications. from the pretest and posttest they got the average score of pretest was 67.88 and posttest was 81.92. it can be concluded that there was a positive influence on the use of audiovisual- based animation media on learning of a 7 subthemes learning energy source 1.
THE EFFECT OF USING OUTDOOR LEARNING METHOD IN GRADE 1 AT SDN KEDUNGLUMPANG MOJOAGUNG
Authors: Qatrunnada Nadia , Supratno Haris , Siswanto M. Bambang Edi
Published: March 2021

The method of learning outside the classroom based on problem solving is a learning activity that takes place outside the classroom that involves a variety of problem solving activities. In this case the research is focused on how student learning outcomes in the classroom use the lecture method, how student learning outcomes with methods of learning outside the classroom based learning problem solving, as well as how the influence of learning methods outside the classroom based on problem solving on student learning outcomes. By knowing this the researcher aims to be able to contribute to the learning methods in schools so that the method can be applied in schools and can benefit both parties.Researchers use quantitative methods. This research was conducted at SDN Kedulumpang Mojoagung in 2 classes with 25 students in each class. Data collection used in this study are: observation and written test. Observations were made during the learning activities took place and the written test was carried out after the learning activities. Researchers validate all instruments used to education experts before the research instruments are used. Analysis of the data collected in this study uses perametric and non-parametric data analysis.Based on the analysis of the data obtained shows that the control class get good value criteria by getting an average grade of 72, while for the experimental class get very good criteria by obtaining a class average value of 84. Researchers also do man whitney analysis because the data berdistribisi obtained is not normal, indicating that the mean rank class experiment more substantial than classroom control and value Asympotic Significancy ujinya worth 0.004 or more smaller than the level of real 5%. It is demonstrated that the value of the exam students classroom experiment is higher than the value of the exam students grade control . so it can be concluded that the outdoor learning method based on problem solving can have a positive influence on student learning outcomes.
Comprehensive miRNome-Wide Profiling in a Neuronal Cell Model of Synucleinopathy Implies Involvement of Cell Cycle Genes
Authors: Findeiss Elisabeth , Schwarz Sigrid C. , Evsyukov Valentin , Rösler Thomas W. , Höllerhage Matthias , Chakroun Tasnim , Nykänen Niko-Petteri , Shen Yimin , Wurst Wolfgang , Kohl Michael , Tost Jörg , Höglinger Günter U.
Published: March 2021

Growing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms like microRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation contribute to the pathogenesis of parkinsonism. In order to study the influence of microRNAs (miRNAs), we analyzed the miRNome 2 days prior to major cell death in α-synuclein-overexpressing Lund human mesencephalic neurons, a well-established cell model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), by next-generation sequencing. The expression levels of 23 miRNAs were significantly altered in α-synuclein-overexpressing cells, 11 were down- and 12 upregulated (P < 0.01; non-adjusted). The in silico analysis of known target genes of these miRNAs was complemented by the inclusion of a transcriptome dataset (BeadChip) of the same cellular system, revealing the G0/G1 cell cycle transition to be markedly enriched. Out of 124 KEGG-annotated cell cycle genes, 15 were present in the miRNA target gene dataset and six G0/G1 cell cycle genes were found to be significantly altered upon α-synuclein overexpression, with five genes up- (CCND1, CCND2, and CDK4 at P < 0.01; E2F3, MYC at P < 0.05) and one gene downregulated (CDKN1C at P < 0.001). Additionally, several of these altered genes are targeted by miRNAs hsa-miR-34a-5p and hsa-miR-34c-5p, which also modulate α-synuclein expression levels. Functional intervention by siRNA-mediated knockdown of the cell cycle gene cyclin D1 (CCND1) confirmed that silencing of cell cycle initiation is able to substantially reduce α-synuclein-mediated cytotoxicity. The present findings suggest that α-synuclein accumulation induces microRNA-mediated aberrant cell cycle activation in post-mitotic dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the mitotic cell cycle pathway at the level of miRNAs might offer interesting novel therapeutic targets for PD.
A Novel DNA Replication-Related Signature Predicting Recurrence After R0 Resection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Value and Clinical Implications
Authors: Feng Zengyu , Li Kexian , Lou Jianyao , Ma Mindi , Wu Yulian , Peng Chenghong
Published: March 2021

The aim of any surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is to achieve tumor-free margins (R0). R0 margins give rise to better outcomes than do positive margins (R1). Nevertheless, postoperative morbidity after R0 resection remains high and prognostic gene signature predicting recurrence risk of patients in this subgroup is blank. Our study aimed to develop a DNA replication-related gene signature to stratify the R0-treated PDAC patients with various recurrence risks. We conducted Cox regression analysis and the LASSO algorithm on 273 DNA replication-related genes and eventually constructed a 7-gene signature. The predictive capability and clinical feasibility of this risk model were assessed in both training and external validation sets. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the signature was closely related to cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA repair. These findings may shed light on the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PDAC.
Abnormal Rat Cortical Development Induced by Ventricular Injection of rHMGB1 Mimics the Pathophysiology of Human Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Zhang Xiaoqing , Ma Yuanshi , Wang Zhongke , Huang Kaixuan , Liu Guolong , Shen Kaifeng , Zhu Gang , Wang Tingting , Lv Shengqing , Zhang Chunqing , Yang Hui , Liu Shiyong
Published: March 2021

Cortical dysplasia (CD) is a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy. Increasing studies have implicated innate immunity in CD with epilepsy. However, it is unclear whether innate immune factors induce epileptogenic CD. Here, we injected recombinant human high mobility group box 1 (rHMGB1) into embryonic rat ventricles to determine whether rHMGB1 can induce epileptogenic CD with pathophysiological characteristics similar to those of human CD. Compared with controls and 0.1 μg rHMGB1-treated rats, the cortical organization was severely disrupted in the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats, and microgyria and heterotopia also emerged; additionally, disoriented and deformed neurons were observed in the cortical lesions and heterotopias. Subcortical heterotopia appeared in the white matter and the gray–white junction of the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats. Moreover, there was decreased number of neurons in layer V–VI and an increased number of astrocytes in layer I and V of the cortical lesions. And the HMGB1 antagonist dexmedetomidine alleviated the changes induced by rHMGB1. Further, we found that TLR4 and NF-κB were increased after rHMGB1 administration. In addition, the excitatory receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1), 2A (NR2A), and 2B (NR2B) immunoreactivity were increased, and immunoreactivity of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) and 2 (EAAT2) were reduced in 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats compared with controls. While there were no differences in the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD65/67) immunoreactivity between the two groups. These results indicate that the excitation of cortical lesions was significantly increased. Furthermore, electroencephalogram (EEG) showed a shorter latency of seizure onset and a higher incidence of status epilepticus in the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats; the frequency and amplitude of EEG were higher in the treated rats than controls. Intriguingly, spontaneous electrographic seizure discharges were detected in the 0.2 μg rHMGB1-treated rats after 5 months of age, and spike-wave discharges of approximately 8 Hz were the most significantly increased synchronous propagated waves throughout the general brain cortex. Taken together, these findings indicate that rHMGB1 exposure during pregnancy could contribute to the development of epileptogenic CD, which mimicked some pathophysiological characteristics of human CD.
Somatic and de novo Germline Variants of MEDs in Human Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Tian Tian , Cao Xuanye , Chen Yongyan , Jin Lei , Li Zhiwen , Han Xiao , Lin Ying , Wlodarczyk Bogdan J. , Finnell Richard H. , Yuan Zhengwei , Wang Linlin , Ren Aiguo , Lei Yunping
Published: March 2021

Background

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common and severe congenital defects in humans. Their genetic etiology is complex and remains poorly understood. The Mediator complex (MED) plays a vital role in neural tube development in animal models. However, no studies have yet examined the role of its human homolog in the etiology of NTDs.

Methods

In this study, 48 pairs of neural lesion site and umbilical cord tissues from NTD and 21 case-parent trios were involved in screening for NTD-related somatic and germlinede novovariants. A series of functional cell assays were performed. We generated aMed12p.Arg1784Cys knock-in mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to validate the human findings.

Results

One somatic variant,MED12p.Arg1782Cys, was identified in the lesion site tissue from an NTD fetus. This variant was absent in any other normal tissue from different germ layers of the same case. In 21 case-parent trios, onede novostop-gain variant,MED13Lp.Arg1760∗, was identified. Cellular functional studies showed thatMED12p.Arg1782Cys decreased MED12 protein level and affected the regulation ofMED12on the canonical-WNT signaling pathway. TheMed12p.Arg1784Cys knock-in mouse exhibited exencephaly and spina bifida.

Conclusion

These findings provide strong evidence that functional variants ofMEDgenes are associated with the etiology of some NTDs. We demonstrated a potentially important role for somatic variants in the occurrence of NTDs. Our study is the first study in which an NTD-related variant identified in humans was validated in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Multi-Omics Analysis of Anlotinib in Pancreatic Cancer and Development of an Anlotinib-Related Prognostic Signature
Authors: Zhang Xi , Liu Yang , Zhang Zhen , Tan Juan , Zhang Junjun , Ou Hao , Li Jie , Song Zewen
Published: March 2021

Aberrant regulation of angiogenesis involves in the growth and metastasis of tumors, but angiogenesis inhibitors fail to improve overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients in previous phase III clinical trials. A comprehensive knowledge of the mechanism of angiogenesis inhibitors against pancreatic cancer is helpful for clinical purpose and for the selection of patients who might benefit from the inhibitors. In this work, multi-omics analyses (transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics profiling) were carried out to delineate the mechanism of anlotinib, a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, against pancreatic cancer cells. The results showed that anlotinib exerted noteworthy cytotoxicity on pancreatic cancer cells. Multi-omics analyses revealed that anlotinib had a profound inhibitory effect on ribosome, and regulated cell cycle, RNA metabolism and lysosome. Based on the multi-omics results and available data deposited in public databases, an anlotinib-related gene signature was further constructed to identify a subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients who had a dismal prognosis and might be responsive to anlotinib.
Intensive Wildfire Associated With Volcanism Promoted the Vegetation Changeover in Southwest China During the Permian−Triassic Transition
Authors: Cai Yao-feng , Zhang Hua , Feng Zhuo , Shen Shu-zhong
Published: March 2021

Palaeo-wildfire, which had an important impact on the end Permian terrestrial ecosystems, became more intense in the latest Permian globally, evidenced by extensive occurrence of fossil charcoals. In this study, we report abundant charcoals from the upper part of the Xuanwei Formation and the Permian–Triassic transitional Kayitou Formation in the Lengqinggou section, western Guizhou Province, Southwest China. These charcoals are well-preserved with anatomical structures and can be classified into seven distinctive types according to their characteristics. Organic carbon isotopic analyses of both bulk rocks and charcoals show that the δ13Corg values in the Kayitou Formation are notably more negative than those in the Xuanwei Formation, with a negative excursion of 4.08‰ immediately above the volcanic ash bed in the middle of the uppermost coal bed of the Xuanwei Formation. Charcoals with high reflectance values (Romean = 2.38%) are discovered below the ash bed. By contrast, the reflectance values (Romean = 1.51%) of the charcoals in the Kayitou Formation are much lower than those of the Xuanwei Formation, indicating the palaeo-wildfire types have changed from crown fires to surface fires, which was probably due to the retrogression of vegetation systems during the extinction. Based on the above evidence, we suppose that palaeo-wildfires became more frequent and more severe since the climate became drier during the latest Permian in Southwest China, and the eventual vegetation changeover of the terrestrial ecosystems in Southwest China could be caused by volcanism.
Diagenesis of Magnetic Minerals in Active/Relict Methane Seep: Constraints From Rock Magnetism and Mineralogical Records From Bay of Bengal
Authors: Gaikwad Virsen , Badesab Firoz , Dewangan Pawan , Kotha Mahender
Published: March 2021

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of rock magnetic, mineralogical, and sedimentological records of sediment cores supplemented by a high resolution seismic data to elucidate the controls of structural and diagenetic (early vs. late) processes on the sediment magnetism in active and relict cold seep sites in the Bay of Bengal. Two distinct sediment magnetic zones (Z-I and Z-II) are defined based on the down-core variations in rock magnetic properties. The sediment magnetism is carried by complex magnetic mineral assemblages of detrital (titanomagnetite, titanohematite) and authigenic (fine-grained greigite) minerals. Overall, the magnetic susceptibility varies over one order of magnitude with highest values found in relict core. Uppermost sediment magnetic zone (Z-I) is characterized by higher concentration of magnetite as seen through elevated values of magnetic susceptibility (χlf) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). A systematic gradual decrease of χlf and IRM1T in Z-I is attributed to the progressive diagenetic dissolution of iron oxides and subsequent precipitation of iron sulfides. Magnetic grain size diagnostic (ARM/IRM1T) parameter decreases initially due to the preferential dissolution of fine-grained magnetite in the sulfidic zone (Z-I), and increases later in response to the authigenic formation of magnetite and greigite in methanic zone (Z-II). Distinct low S-ratio and χlf values in methanic zone of relict core is due to increased relative contribution from highly preserved coercive magnetic (titanohematite) grains of detrital origin which survived in the diagenetic processes. A strong linkage between occurrence of authigenic carbonates and greigite formation is observed. Two plausible mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation and preservation of greigite in Z-I and Z-II: 1) decline in methane flux due to massive hydrate accumulation within the active fault system and formation of authigenic carbonate crust in the sub-surface sediments hindered the supply of upward migrating fluid/gas; thereby limiting the sulfide production which preferentially enhanced greigite formation in Z-I and 2) restricted supply of downward diffusing sulfide by the carbonate layers in the uppermost sediments created a sulfide deficient zone which inhibited the pyritization and favoured the formation of greigite in the methanic zone (Z-II).
The Impact of Root-Derived Resources on Forest Soil Invertebrates Depends on Body Size and Trophic Position
Authors: Bluhm Sarah L. , Eitzinger Bernhard , Bluhm Christian , Ferlian Olga , Heidemann Kerstin , Ciobanu Marcel , Maraun Mark , Scheu Stefan
Published: March 2021

Forest soil food webs have been assumed to be fueled substantially by root-derived resources. However, until today the flux of root-derived resources into soil animals has been investigated virtually exclusively using isotope labeling experiments, whereas studies on the consequences of disrupting the flux of root-derived resources into the soil animal food web are scarce. We here investigated the importance of root-derived resources for a wide range of soil animals by interrupting the resource flux into the soil of different forest types in Central Europe using a trenching experiment. We recorded the abundance of soil animal taxa varying in body size (micro-, meso-, and macrofauna) 1 and 3 years after root trenching, and quantified changes in biomass, species composition, and trophic shift using stable isotopes and NLFA analysis. Among the microfauna groups studied (trophic groups of Nematoda) only the abundance of plant feeding nematodes showed a trend in being decreased by -58% due to root trenching. Major soil mesofauna groups, including Collembola and Oribatida, suffered to a similar extent from root trenching with their abundance and biomass being reduced by about 30–40%. The soil macrofauna groups studied (Diplopoda, Isopoda, Chilopoda, Araneae, Coleoptera) generally were only little affected by root trenching suggesting that they rely less on root-derived resources than micro- and in particular mesofauna. Notably, the community structure of micro-, meso-, and macrofauna was not affected by root trenching. Further, we observed trophic shifts only in 2 out of 10 investigated species with the shifts generally being only minor. The results indicate that soil animal communities are markedly resilient to deprivation of root-derived resources suggesting that links to root-derived resources are non-specific. However, this resilience appears to vary with body size, with mesofauna including both decomposers as well as predators being more sensitive to the deprivation of root-derived resources than microfauna (except for root feeders) and macrofauna. Overall, this suggests that body size constrains the channeling of energy through soil food webs, with root-derived resources in temperate forests being channeled predominantly via soil taxa of intermediate size, i.e., mesofauna.
Effect of a Once in 100-Year Flood on a Subtropical Coastal Phytoplankton Community
Authors: Clementson Lesley A. , Richardson Anthony J. , Rochester Wayne A. , Oubelkheir Kadija , Liu Bingqing , D’Sa Eurico J. , Gusmão Luiz Felipe Mendes , Ajani Penelope , Schroeder Thomas , Ford Phillip W. , Burford Michele A. , Saeck Emily , Steven Andrew D. L.
Published: March 2021

Subtropical systems experience occasional severe floods, dramatically altering the phytoplankton community structure, in response to changes in salinity, nutrients, and light. This study examined the effects of a 1:100 year summer flood on the phytoplankton community in an Australian subtropical bay – Moreton Bay – over 48 weeks, from January to December 2011. Immediately after maximum flood levels were reached on the rivers flowing into the bay, the lowest salinity, and highest turbidity values, in more than a decade, were measured in the Bay and the areal extent of the flood-related parameters was also far greater than previous flood events. Changes in these parameters together with changes in Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and sediment concentrations significantly reduced the light availability within the water column. Despite the reduced light availability, the phytoplankton community responded rapidly (1–2 weeks) to the nutrients from flood inputs, as measured using pigment concentrations and cell counts and observed in ocean color satellite imagery. Initially, the phytoplankton community was totally dominated by micro-phytoplankton, particularly diatoms; however, in the subsequent weeks (up to 48-weeks post flood) the community changed to one of nano- and pico-plankton in all areas of the Bay not usually affected by river flow. This trend is consistent with many other studies that show the ability of micro-phytoplankton to respond rapidly to increased nutrient availability, stimulating their growth rates. The results of this study suggest that one-off extreme floods have immediate, but short-lived effects, on phytoplankton species composition and biomass as a result of the interacting and dynamic effects of changes in nutrient and light availability.
Industrial Fishing Near West African Marine Protected Areas and Its Potential Effects on Mobile Marine Predators
Authors: Leurs Guido , van der Reijden Karin J. , Cheikhna Lemrabott Sidi Yahya , Barry Iça , Nonque Diosnes Manuel , Olff Han , Ledo Pontes Samuel , Regalla Aissa , Govers Laura L.
Published: March 2021

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly implemented to facilitate the conservation of marine biodiversity and key habitats. However, these areas are often less effective to conserve mobile marine species like elasmobranchs (i.e., sharks and rays). Industrial fishing near MPA borders possibly impacts vulnerable species utilizing these protected areas. Hence, we aimed to study spatiotemporal patterns of industrial fisheries near MPAs, in relation to the bycatch of elasmobranchs. Specifically, we analyzed the spatiotemporal fishing effort within the West African region, mapped fishing effort in the direct vicinity of the Parc National du Banc d’Arguin (PNBA, Mauritania) and the Bijagós Archipelago (BA, Guinea Bissau), and compared the seasonal overlap between elasmobranch bycatch and fishing effort near these MPAs. We combined Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and local fisheries observer data, and determined fishing effort for each gear type and compared this with bycatch of elasmobranchs. We found that industrial fishing effort was dominated by trawling, drifting longlines, and fixed gear types. Although no industrial fishing was observed within both MPAs, 72 and 78% of the buffer zones surrounding the MPAs were fished for the Banc d’Arguin and Bijagós, respectively. Within the Banc d’Arguin buffer zone, trawling and drifting longlines dominated, with longlines mainly being deployed in fall. In the Bijagós buffer zone, trawling and fixed gears were most prevalent. Fisheries observer data for Mauritania showed that elasmobranch catches increased during the most recent sampling years (2016–2018). Elasmobranch catches within the waters of Guinea Bissau peaked in 2016 and decreased in the following two years. Seasonal patterns in elasmobranch bycatch within the waters of both countries are likely caused by increased catches of migratory species. Catches of rays peaked in May and June for Mauritania, and in October for Guinea Bissau. Shark catches were highest in February and July in Mauritanian waters, and in May and October in the waters of Guinea Bissau. Our study indicates that industrial fisheries near the border of ecologically important MPAs may have potentially major implications for ecosystem functioning by the removal of (migratory) predatory species.
Megafaunal Community Structure From the Abyssal to Hadal Zone in the Yap Trench
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Zhou Yadong , Yang Jichao , Linley Thomas , Zhang Ruiyan , Lu Bo , Xu Peng , Shen Chengcheng , Lin Shiquan , Wang Yueyun , Sun Dong , Wang Xiaogu , Wang Chunsheng
Published: March 2021

Hadal trenches remain one of the unexplored ocean ecosystems due to the challenges of sampling at great depths. It is still unclear how a faunal community changes from the abyssal to the hadal zone, and which environmental variables are the key impacting factors. In this study, nine dives of the Human Occupied Vehicle (HOV) “JIAOLONG” were conducted from abyssal to hadal depths (4,435–6,796 m) in the Yap Trench on the southeastern boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate in the western Pacific, divided into 48,200 m video transects, to describe the megafaunal communities and reveal their relationship with environmental factors. A total of 1,171 megafauna organisms was recorded, 80 morphospecies (msps) from 8 phyla were identified based on the video data, most of which were reported for the first time in the Yap Trench. Arthropoda was the most abundant phylum and Echinodermata was the most diverse phylum of the megafaunal community. The faunal abundance increased with depth, whereas the Shannon diversity index decreased with depth. Cluster analysis suggested seven assemblages, with five abyssal groups, one mixed group, and one hadal dominant group. Although megafaunal communities changed gradually from abyssal zone to hadal zone, both PERMANOVA and PERMDISP analyses revealed that the communities are significantly different between abyssal zone and hadal zone, indicating 6,000 m as the boundary between the two depth zones. Depth, substrate, slope, and latitude were identified as four important environmental factors with significant influence on megafaunal community structure. This study proposed a transition pattern from the abyssal to hadal zone in the Yap Trench, highlighted the importance of habitat heterogeneity in structuring megafaunal community in a hadal trench.