bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'Don't Have a Library Rate Thrust Upon You': The Libraries Acts Debate in Whitby, 1878
Authors: Webster Jon
Published: January 2014

This paper examines the doomed attempt to adopt the Libraries Acts in Whitby in I878. Comparatively few detailed accounts of the actual debates through which the ratepayers of Victorian Britain decided whether to adopt the Acts have been published. Whitby's stormy free library debate cut across religious and political affiliations. The deciding factor in the town's decision to reject the adoption of the Acts appears to have been class. Whitby's shrinking and almost exclusively male elite were predominantly in favour of adoption, whereas the majority of Whitby's broader middle classes (including most women) and its working-class ratepayers remained unconvinced. The free library supporters were more organized, comparatively more eloquent and generally more principled. Nevertheless, they were defeated largely over the single issue of the cost of providing something mainly perceived by Whitby's ratepayers as an unnecessary luxury.

By examining the people involved, and looking at what they said and did in some detail, this paper on the Libraries Acts debate in Whitby uncovers how a fundamental educational and cultural battle was fought out in the past. It shows how different people in a declining British industrial town saw themselves, and outlines the different things they considered to be important in their society. The debate demonstrates graphically that in a climate of economic and industrial decline, arguments in favour of free public provision of services for the whole community can be decisively rejected by the public.
The Public Library in Fiction: George Gissing's Spellbound
Authors: Baggs Chris
Published: January 2014

George Gissing's short story Spellbound is a cautionary tale, which relates the increasingly drastic consequences of its 'hero's' intoxication with a public library newspaper and reading room (firmly based on a genuine example in St Martin's Lane, London). This article examines the detail of Gissing's realistic portrayal of the library, noting how a few contemporary public librarians highlighted the olfactory aspects in his description. Gissing's own considerable usage of all manner of libraries and frequent references to them and reading practices in his fiction are discussed, and an interpretation of his attitude towards public libraries and their usage by certain classes of reader offered.
Books and Libraries in German Micronesia 1885–1914
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H. R.
Published: January 2014

This paper will review what is known about public and private libraries in Micronesia during the period of the German colonial administration in the Marshall Islands (1886–1914) and the rest of Micronesia (1898–1914) with the exception of Guam. In the following we will briefly address the nature of public libraries in the German colonies in Africa and the Samoa:J before we concentrate on the situation in Micronesia.
Early British Public Library Annual Reports: Then and Now Part I
Authors: Peatling G. K. , Baggs Chris
Published: January 2014

Of the 566 library authorities functioning in Britain and Ireland by 1918, most seem to have published annual reports on their progress, at least at some point following their establishment. So far as they survive and can be traced, these documents, though varying greatly in length, commonly contain a narrative or textual commentary on the progress of the institutions during the report period, statistical and tabular details about the institutions such as information regarding stock, issues, and borrowers, and lists of data such as committee members, donations received and periodicals taken. Some published annual reports documenting the working of public libraries also contain data as to the progress of allied cultural institutions such as museums, art galleries, technical and adult education facilities, and parks and recreation grounds. They were often signed by the local public library committee chairman and addressed to a local council, although some were signed by a librarian or curator and addressed to the library or other committee. In both cases they were accessible to members of the public, and it seems fair to assume that the staff of the institution concerned would commonly have had a hand in their writing.

Following the acquisition by the Thomas Parry Library at the University of Wales Aberystwyth of a large collection of historic public library annual reports which the Library Association was on the verge of discarding, the AHRB (Arts and Humanities Research Board) agreed to fund a fifteen-month project between April 2000 and July 2001 to examine the utility of these documents to historians of the period ca. 1850–1919. In view of the lack of thematic historical work on public library annual reports (and indeed on annual reports as a wider genre), this two-part essay will address the genesis and character of these documents from a broad perspective, and assess their impact and significance for contemporaries and for historians in a range of disciplines. After describing the evolution of the public library annual report as a genre, this first paper will discuss the nature of their use to date, and will argue that current common historiographical assumptions as to the limited utility of these documents are flawed. The second paper will assess the value and contemporary importance of the documents in the expansion of the public library movement.
The Case For Casterbridge: Thomas Hardy As PlacenaDle Creator
Authors: Room Adrian
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn common with other nineteenth-century English novelists, Thomas Hardy substituted fictional placenames for true ones in his writing. However, he did not merely devise names at random, but imaginatively created new names that were almost all historically or geographically significant, as well as being toponymically authentic, incorporating established placename elements. He thus, for example, renamed Wareham as Anglebury, for its Anglo-Saxon associations, and Wantage as Alfredston, for its links with King Alfred. Some names, as these two, differ completely from their originals; others, more commonly, were based on their originals, such as Glaston for Glastonbury or Port Bredy for Bridport. The paper examines Hardy's literary placenames both individually and generally, and lists all known counterparts to existing true names.
Comments on Comments
Authors: Pamp Bengt
Published: January 2014

AbstractLena Peterson's comments (Names 37: 83–92) misinterpret my main point (in Names 33 [1985]: 111–18) on the connection between names and other noun phrases. A printing error in the 1985 article also caused confusion for many readers.
The Weakness of T. S. Eliot's J. Alfred: More of Verdenal in “Prufrock”
Authors: Fleissner Robert F.
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecently published letters from Jean Verdenal to T. S. Eliot corroborate my earlier suggestion that Prufrock may be modelled on Verdenal. Prufrock's weakness in normal sexual identification reflects the poet's close friendship with Verdenal, who has also been suggested as the “Floret” of another poem. Onomastically, the connection may go beyond the secretive J. of the first name to the name Alfred itself, which is almost an anagram of Verdenal.
Palestinian Surnallles Derived from Nicknames
Authors: Tushyeh Hanna Y. , Hamdallah Rami W.
Published: January 2014

AbstractA corpus of 413 Palestinian surnames was collected from several cities, towns, villages and refugee camps on the West Bank and classified into twelve categories: 1. Animals, Birds and Insects, 2. Occupations, 3. Instruments, 4. Personal Characteristics, 5. Plants, 6. Food, 7. Natural Phenomena, 8. Historical, 9. Places, 10. Religious, 11. Foreign (Non-Arabic), and 12. Unknown. This study, the first of its kind to be conducted on the West Bank, sheds light on some important aspects of Palestinian onomastics and cultural heritage as manifested in Palestinian occupations both extant and extinct, personal characteristics, places, religion, food, flora and fauna of Palestine.
Saints and Sites: The Interrelationship Between Church Dedications and Placenames in England
Authors: Room Adrian
Published: January 2014

AbstractA personal name in an English placename may be that of the saint to whom the local parish church is dedicated, as notably in Cornwall. Some church dedications, however, evolved from a misinterpretation of the placename. Conversely, some placenames apparently preserving a saint's name are actually based on a secular personal name, even when prefixed by St.
Fatherhood and the Names of God
Authors: Rolnick Phllip A.
Published: January 2014

AbstractOur names for God indicate much about our understanding of and our relationship to God. Feminists have criticized the name “Father” as legitimating male dominance in church and society. Many recent writers have argued that all names for God are metaphorical in nature, without adequately considering that analogy may provide a stronger methodology for warranting such names. Predicates applied to God should be products of progressive discovery of the divine nature rather than projection from human need. Divergent ethical ramifications will result from our names of God.
Names and Naming Tell an Archetypal Story in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale
Authors: Templin Charlotte
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn The Handmaid's Tale, a dsytopian novel about the oppression of its citizens by a theocratic regime, Margaret Atwood foregrounds matters of names and naming, making them central hermeneutical concerns. Through the use of generic names drawn from the Bible, names drawn from advertising, and symbolic given names, Atwood creates archetypal overtones for her story. Names and naming point to themes of the victimization of the weak by the powerful and the objectification of women. Naming practices, including the paucity of terms of direct address and the lack of nicknames and terms of endearment, further suggest loss of community and identity.
From Aunt Chilada's to Cactus Willy's: Gender Naming in the Marketing of Food in Arizona
Authors: Nilsen Alleen Pace
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany food products and restaurant names, while apparently genderless, are found to be gender marked. In grocery stores, items divide almost equally between masculine and feminine. More restaurants are perceived masculine than feminine. Personal names on products and restaurants communicate a sense of trust, ethnicity, and formality.
A Database for English Placenames
Authors: Hough Carole
Published: January 2014

AbstractA five-year project begun in 1992 at the Centre for English Name Studies, University of Nottingham, aims to create a computerized database for the study of English placenames, incorporating materials from the published volumes of the English Place-Name Survey as a research tool for scholars in a number of disciplines. The database can be searched in a variety of ways, lending flexibility and creativity to the investigation of English placenames per se and to other areas in which placenames may be informative.
Physical Generic Toponyms in Oklahoma
Authors: Milbauer John A.
Published: January 2014

AbstractGeneric toponyms of natural features in Oklahoma are distributed unevenly. Physical generics are numerous in the more rugged parts of the state and relatively scarce in the more level sections. Southern toponym generics are more common than either Western or Southwestern generics, although most of Oklahoma's natural toponyms do not correlate with culture or speech regions.
A Preliminary View of Hydronymic Districts in Northern Athabaskan Prehistory
Authors: Kari James
Published: January 2014

AbstractCenter Stream drainages and stream names have served as territorial markers and cardinal lines in the Northern Athabaskan cognitive mapping system. I have made a preliminary grouping of seven “hydronymic districts” for 31 Northern Athabaskan languages and dialects based upon patterned shifts in the stems in placenames meaning ‘course of stream’. When expanding into new territory, Athabaskans generally have continued to share boundaries with other Athabaskans. The Athabaskan hydronymic districts reflect alternating choices of solidarity or division within the larger network of languages. The geographical distribution of the hydronyms, combined with etymological analysis, offer some indications of directionality of movement and seriation of innovations during a series of expansions from an Athabaskan nucleus.
Comment vous appelez-vous?: Why the French Change Their Names
Authors: Jacob James E. , Horn Pierre L.
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examine the history, processes, and motivations which explain in part why and how the French change their names. Studying a small but representative sample of official name changes mandatorily published in the JournaL OfficieL de La République Française at certain moments of post-World War II history (1946, 1963, and 1992-1995), we identify the four most important reasons for changing names: because they are obscene or. pejorative; ridiculous; perceived as too foreign, especially too Arab or too Jewish; or to add the patent of nobility. While we express surprise that names of these kinds still exist in contemporary France, we also recognize that the decision to request a name change at this late date is the last refuge for families who have long suffered indignities and humiliations because of their names.
From Mocha Dick to Moby Dick: Fishing for Clues to Moby's Name and Color
Authors: Rogers Ben
Published: January 2014

AbstractMelville's fictional whale Moby Dick appears to derive from the real whale Mocha Dick, yet the differences in names and colors between these two suggest that Moby's name may be intimately connected to his symbolic role. One meaning of mob is ‘to wrap in a cowl or veil’. Creating an adjective by adding -y produces moby ‘having the qualities of being hooded, especially about the head’, a definition reflected in Ishmael's “grand hooded phantom.” Dick may be a shortening of Dickens, a euphemism for the devil. Dick may also suggest Dicky ‘an officer acting on commission’, an appropriate meaning for Ahab's and Starbuck's conception of Moby as God or an agent of God. Lexicons available to Melville reveal the meaning of the name and illuminate the characterization of Moby as both commodity and Zeus of the sea, both “dumb brute” and divine Leviathan.
Rapanui Placenames: Keys to the Mysteries
Authors: Rjabchikov Sergei V.
Published: January 2014

AbstractA number of placenames are investigated which shed light upon the culture of Easter Island.
“They Call Me Bruce, But They Won't Call Me Bruce Jones:” Asian American Naming Preferences and Patterns
Authors: Wu Ellen Dionne
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe names of Asian Americans are indicative of their individual and collective experiences in the United States. Asian immigrants and their descendants have created, modified, and maintained their names by individual choice and by responding to pressures from the dominant Anglo-American society.American society's emphasis on conformity has been a major theme in the history of Asian American naming conventions (as it has been for other groups), but racial differences and historical circumstances have forced Asian Americans to develop more fluid and more complex naming strategies as alternatives to simply adopting Anglo names, a common practice among European immigrants, thus challenging the paradigms of European-American assimilation and naming practices.
Personal Names as Neglected Sociolinguistic Resource: Use of English in Botswana
Authors: Gardner Sheena F.
Published: January 2014

AbstractStudies of the use of English around the world take a variety of forms, but most take a narrow view of language that excludes personal names and thus fail to gain the fuller perspective that names provide. This study draws upon descriptions of the use· of English in Botswana and a recent questionnaire study of personal names and shows parallels between early contact with English and the use of Christian names. Although English is increasingly the language of official and educational communication in Botswana, the practice of giving English names is declining. Moreover, attitudes towards English names are more ambivalent than the positive attitudes reported for English generally.
Variation in Automobile Naming
Authors: Piller Ingrid
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe names of 1024 American automobiles are analyzed according to register variation, diachronic variation and manufacturer variation. Variation through such linguistic means as structural complexity, metonymy and iconicity is shown to not only reflect social realities of automobile producers and consumers but to actively contribute to constructing these realities as well.
Of Barbers and Bottle Shops: Naming Businesses in South Africa
Authors: Herbert Robert K.
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt is well-known that African personal names are acts of linguistic creativity, in which almost any word, phrase or sentence may serve as an input base. Preliminary examination of a corpus of business names, collected during 1992-1996, suggests the same. Names are coined by both business owners and community members, and both types may become official registrations. Some name types are unsurprising, e.g. those in which businesses are named after their owners or the place in which they are located. However, with the exception of barber and beauty shops, these are relatively infrequent. Other types include: (a) general community-oriented positive messages, (b) advice/exhortation, (c) conflict/admonitory, (d) advertisement, (e) personal achievement, (f) thanking a relative or ancestor for success. Typological differences between African and Western naming of businesses are discussed.The basic orientation in the paper is to view business and shop names as exemplars of visual communication. One cannot ignore the social basis of the reader-directed message here. As in recent research on African anthroponymy, the focus here is on the relationship between names and their donors, and on the ways in which the act of naming is an act of social communication, embedded within a cultural framework.
Toponymy of Climbing Space: Names Within the Polish Climbing Community
Authors: Rutkowski Mariusz
Published: January 2014

AbstractSocial groups create social space from geographic space in ways which are useful to their members. The nature of the social space can be approached through the names which are used to define it. A study of the names in the “climbing space” created by Polish climbers shows that they are used in ways which are meaningful only within the context of climbing and they serve to express group values and to promote group solidarity.
Inyo Redux
Authors: Bright William , McLaughlin John
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe name of the Inyo Mountains and of Inyo County in California was reported in 1860 to mean ‘dwelling place of a great spirit’ in a local Indian language, but this etymology was later disputed. It is now confirmed that the name is derived from Panamint iuml;niuml;-yun ‘ ‘it's dangerous’.
Donald Joseph Orth: A Career in Toponymy
Authors: Randall Richard R.
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring his 39-year career (1953-91) in the United States Geological Survey, Donald J. Orth made outstanding contributions to the United States Board on Geographic Names, especially in the development of principles, policies, and procedures related to domestic names. While he was chief of the Board's domestic geographic names staff from 1960 to 1991, he adroitly handled a number of difficult issues, and consistently advised Board members on the most effective ways to address particular problems. After 1977 he actively participated in United Nations work on names standardization and provided that body with significant recommendations concerning international names programs. Orth has written several papers and documents relating to name standardization and, as well, compiled the Dictionary of Alaska Place Names.
From French to English: Some Observations on Patterns of Onomastic Changes in North America
Authors: Lapierre André
Published: January 2014

AbstractName studies have emerged as a true discipline of convergence, drawing on and bringing together the methodologies of several disciplines, mostly in the social sciences and the humanities. In this cross-fertilization process, there has been at times a tendency to forget that the core element of onomastic studies, the proper name, is fundamentally a linguistic unit belonging to a given language system, and therefore subject to the rules that govern the evolution of that system. Here, the sociolinguistic context underlying the transformation of names from one linguistic tradition to another is examined. More specifically, this paper deals with the evolution of French placenames in English-dominant areas of North America, and proposes a linguistically-based typology to account for such an evolution.
Should All Unofficial Placenames Be Eliminated?
Authors: Dorion Henri
Published: January 2014

AbstractPlacenames can only really fulfill their roles when they unambiguously identify the location of the places they designate. The development of new information technology makes this objective almost essential. For this reason, the United Nations Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names have recommended a program to reduce exonyms. Is this to say that all traditional forms should be eliminated? The answer is both yes and no. If one refers to official documents, such as maps, transportation schedules, and road signs, then the reduction of exonyms must be considered a necessity. However, much of the geographic, historical and psychosocial materials favor the retention of large numbers of traditional names created for the places with which people are acquainted. The standardization of placenames must facilitate modern living; but in doing so it must not erase toponymic heritage.
The Overlooked and Understudied Onomastic Hyphen
Authors: Murray Thomas E.
Published: January 2014

AbstractOnomasts have generally notgiven the link hyphen the critical attention it deserves. This essay considers such hyphens as they have occurred and continue to appear in toponyms, personal names, and other kinds of names and naming processes throughout the world;, particularly in English. It also suggests some potentially rich avenues of investigation into various historical, linguistic, sociocultural, psychopolitical, geographical, and legal aspects of the onomastic hyphen.
Problems in Greek-to-English Transliteration
Authors: Paraskevas Cornelia C.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe language of the Greek immigrants' gravemarkers reveals their process of acculturation; in the initial stage, the markers are monolingual Greek; during the conflict stage, they are bilingual; finally, in the acculturation stage, they are predominantly monolingual English. The low literacy level of the early immigrants is revealed through morphological and spelling errors; the tension between the two languages is reflected in the various transliterations of Greek names; the increasing acculturation of the immigrants is evident in the abbreviation and translation of their original Greek names. In fact, close examination of the markers reveal the successive loss of overt ethnic variables (last name) and replacement by covert ethnic variables (such as first name since according to the name-giving cultural practices, children are named after their grandparents).
Naming the Goodyear Blimp: Corporate Iconography1
Authors: Vinne Christine De
Published: January 2014

AbstractAttentive to names as corporate markers, the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company of Akron, Ohio, in 2006 offered consumers an unprecedented opportunity to name its newest airship. The company's “Name the Blimp” contest, which ran in two month-long segments, elicited over 21 ,000 entries, including the winning “Spirit of Innovation.” In the context of Goodyear history, I analyze the contest’ design and results, especially its strategies for maximizing both corporate and consumer satisfaction, as a demonstration of the power of names to market image and promote customer loyalty.
The Tsunami Curve and Popular Culture Influences on Given Names
Authors: Evans Cleveland Kent
Published: January 2014

AbstractThough journalists frequently attribute the popularity of certain given names to particular cultural events, they often make errors by focusing on only the top few names. Evidence shows that names do not reach that status immediately after the cultural event that introduces them. However, popular culture does influence parents in the choice of names. I propose that a pattern called a “tsunami curve” is a good indicator that a name has been influenced by a particular cultural event.
Names, Registration Plates and Identity
Authors: Neethling Bertie
Published: January 2014

AbstractProvincial authorities in South Africa responsible for the licensing and registration of vehicles have introduced a system whereby vehicle owners can acquire a personalized or individualized registration plate. I look at the motivation for the choices that go onto the plates and argue that this phenomenon should be seen as an integral part of popular culture in South Africa, that such manifestations should be considered as names and therefore part of onomastics, and that the particular choice suggests a link to the preferred identity of the vehicle owner and provides a welcome alternative to the somewhat dull impersonal numerical option.
Proper Names as the Prototypical Nominal Category
Authors: Langendonck Willy Van
Published: January 2014

AbstractProper names are the prototypical, unmarked nouns; they refer rather than describe or predicate as do common nouns. Proper names systematically appear in close appositional structures of such types as the poet Burns, Hurricane Edna, Fido the dog, the City of London, where they constitute the identifying unit, while common nouns in such appositional structures characterize the name. Proper names are definite, mostly countable, singular and nonrecursive (nongeneric) and concrete; since these are the unmarked features of nouns, proper names regularly display zero or no affixes, except for marked proprial subcategories. This view· of proper names apparently contradicts the cognitivist ideas of Ronald Langacker; however, Langacker's analysis can be interpreted in such a way that proper names constitute the prototypical nominal class.
Previous infection with Staphylococcus aureusstrains attenuated experimental encephalomyelitis
Authors: França Thais Graziela Donegá , Chiuso-Minicucci Fernanda , Zorzella-Pezavento Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves , Ishikawa Larissa Lumi Watanabe , da Rosa Larissa Camargo , Colavite Priscila Maria , Marques Camila , Ikoma Maura Rosane Valério , da Cunha Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza , Sartori Alexandrina
Published: January 2014

Background

Bacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators that can activate T cells with specificity for antigens of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we compared the effect of twoS. aureusstrains on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. C57BL/6 female mice were infected withS. aureusATCC 51650, which produces toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1+) orS. aureusATCC 43300, which does not produce toxins (TOX-). Three days later, the animals were subjected to EAE induction by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The weight variation, disease incidence and clinical score were recorded daily. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the brain were evaluated during the acute disease phase. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and histopathological analysis of the CNS were assessed during the chronic stage.

Results

Previous infection with both strains similarly decreased the clinical score; however, only the TSST-1+ strain clearly diminished inflammation in the CNS. The infections also modulated cytokine production in the spleen and CNS. Reduced production of IL-5 and IL-10 was detected in MOG-stimulated spleen cultures in the TOX- and TSST-1+ infected groups, respectively. InS. aureusstimulated cultures, there was an increased production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in both infected groups and an increased level of IL-5 in the TSST-1+ group. CNS infiltrating cell cultures from previously infected mice produced less IL-17 in response to MOG and more IFN-γ in response toS. aureusstimulation.

Conclusions

These results indicated that both strains attenuated clinical EAE manifestations, but only TSST-1 clearly decreased CNS inflammation.
Quality management of additional education for children with special educational needs through the social order
Authors: Нур-Ахмет Досмухамед , Nur-Akhmet Dosmukhamed , Харитонова Татьяна , Kharitonova Tatyana
Published: January 2014

This paper focuses on the problems of provision of educational services in additional education system even

more specific category of consumers — children with disabilities and children with disabilities. The focus of

the article is pointed to the ways of improving the quality of services provided, which are developed under the

influence of many factors, both objective and subjective.
Tambov wolf. Symbol or myth?
Authors: Чаус Надежда , Chaus Nadezhda , Ганьшина Галина , Ganshina Galina
Published: January 2014

Material related to existing myths and legends of popular quotation origin «Tambov wolf» is presented in the article. «Tambov wolf» is the symbol of Tambov and implementation of this image in sculpture.
At the mercy of the elements: Cultural preservation of ancient sites in Mosul (Nineveh Provence)
Authors: Malko Helen , Yakou Nineveh
Published: January 2014

This article presents the richness of Mosul’s cultural heritage and its historical roots. It also lays out the various elements that played a role in the loss of important cultural heritage sites throughout the city, particularly in the last ten years. While modernization and development, neglect and decay, wars and economic sanctions have taken their toll on the city’s cultural heritage, the absence of historic preservation legislation, preservation authority, national register, and planning authority have resulted in even greater losses. In spite of the antiquity laws that protect and preserve the heritage of Mosul and of Iraq, many archaeological and historical monuments have been destroyed and lost. While examples of successful preservation projects are present in the city, more work is urgently needed to prevent further damage.
Calderón–Zygmund theory for parabolic obstacle problems with nonstandard growth
Authors: Erhardt André
Published: January 2014

We establish local Calderón–Zygmund estimates for solutions to certain parabolic problems with irregular obstacles and nonstandard

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of the solution to the obstacle problem is as integrable as the obstacle

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, i.e.

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$

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Wound plug chemistry and morphology of two species of Caulerpa – a comparative Raman microscopy study
Authors: Grosser Katharina , Weissflog Ina , Dietzek Benjamin , Popp Juergen , Pohnert Georg
Published: January 2014

Caulerpa spp. form a polymer wound plug that seals their giant cells after mechanical injury, in order to prevent fatal loss of cell material. Initial mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy investigations revealed the involvement of the secondary metabolite caulerpenyne in wound sealing polymer formation. In this work, we introduce a comparative Raman spectroscopic study of the wound plug formation in the invasive Caulerpa taxifolia (Valh) Agardh, 1817 and the non-invasive Caulerpa prolifera J.V. Lamour. In both species, the enzymatic transformation of the main secondary metabolite caulerpenyne plays a key role in wound plug formation. An accumulation of caulerpenyne is observed at the inner border of the wound plugs. Furthermore, caulerpenyne and products resulting from its enzymatic transformation and co-polymerization with proteins are found within the wound plug. However, there are significant differences in the chemistry of the wound plugs between the species. The Raman spectra reveal a zonation of the wound plug of C. taxifolia into four chemically distinguishable regions, while that of C. prolifera consists of only three regions with specific chemical composition. These results explain differences in the morphology of the wound plug in both species.
Cones of certain isolated left orderings and chain domains
Authors: Halimi Nazer H. , Ito Tetsuya
Published: January 2014

We observe interesting interactions among isolated orderings of groups, exceptional prime segments of cones, and exceptional prime ideals of chain domains.
We study the structure of certain isolated left orderings and their cones, and use this to construct a new family of chain domains with prime but not completely prime ideals.
Estimation of local site effects using microtremor testing in Vijayawada city, India
Authors: Manne A. , Satyam N. D.
Published: January 2014

The microtremor method is very useful in urban areas to estimate local site effects for microzonation purposes. As seismic waves propagate from bedrock to the ground, their characteristics are site specific due to the heterogeneity of substrata. Source, path and site effects are prime parameters that affect ground response. Many destructive earthquakes that occurred in the past (e.g. Bhuj 2001, Bingol 2003, Kashmir 2005, Haiti 2010, Tohoku 2011, Van 2011 and Yunnan 2012) clearly illustrate the effects of local soils on damage severity and pattern. The Indian sub-continent has more than 400 major faults that influence seismic activity and India has experienced several devastating earthquakes (Assam 1897 (M  =  8·7), Kangra 1905 (M  =  8·6), Bihar-Nepal 1934 (M  =  8·4), Assam-Tibet 1950 (M  =  8·7), Latur 1993 (M  =  6·4), Chamoli 1999 (M  =  6·8), Bhuj 2001 (M  =  7·6) and Sikkim 2011 (M  =  6·9)). The state of Andhra Pradesh is located in the central part of peninsular India (zones II and III according to Indian seismic code) and has a record of earthquakes along the coast. This study considered Vijayawada (zone III), the third largest city in the state. Microtremor surveys were carried out at 75 different locations in the Vijayawada urban area and analysis was carried out using the Nakamura technique. Dynamic characterisation was carried out by considering the shape of the response curve, horizontal to vertical (H/V) amplitude, predominant frequency and the characteristic soil profile at all the test sites. Based on this detailed analysis, a classification is proposed and a predominant frequency map of the study area was developed. It was found that areas in the north eastern and south eastern parts of the city, with silty and clayey sand formations, have comparatively high predominant frequencies (≥ 4 Hz). The northern and western parts of the city, with high silty clay and silty sand, are characterised by moderate frequency values (2–4 Hz). Low (< 2 Hz) values of predominant frequencies were observed at a few locations. The H/V amplitudes are high (2–3) in the eastern and western regions.
Evolutionary optimization of interval mathematics-based design of a TSK fuzzy controller for anti-sway crane control
Authors: Smoczek Jarosław
Published: January 2014

A hybrid method combining an evolutionary search strategy, interval mathematics and pole assignment-based closed-loop control synthesis is proposed to design a robust TSK fuzzy controller. The design objective is to minimize the number of linear controllers associated with rule conclusions and tune the triangular-shaped membership function parameters of a fuzzy controller to satisfy stability and desired dynamic performances in the presence of system parameter variation. The robust performance objective function is derived based on an interval Diophantine equation. Thus, the objective of a fuzzy logic-based control scheme is to place all the closed-loop control system characteristic polynomial coefficients within desired intervals. The reproduction process in the proposed Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) is based on the arithmetical crossover, uniform and non-uniform mutation along with gene deletion/insertion mutation ensuring a diversity of genomes sizes, as well as a diversity in the parameter space of membership functions. The proposed algorithm was implemented to design a fuzzy logic-based anti-sway crane control system taking into consideration the rope length and the mass of a payload variation. The results of experiments conducted using the EA for different conditions assumed for system parameter intervals and desired closed-loop system performances are compared with results achieved using the iterative procedure which is also described in the paper.
A method of constructing the frame of a directed graph
Authors: Hofuku Ichiro , Oshima Kunio
Published: January 2014

In web search engines, such as Google, the ranking of a particular keyword is determined by mathematical tools, e.g., Pagerank or Hits. However, as the size of the network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to use keyword ranking to quickly find the information required by an individual user. One reason for this phenomenon is the interference of superfluous information with the link structure. The WorldWideWeb can be expressed as an enormous directed graph. The purpose of the present study is to provide tools for studying the web as a directed graph in order to find clues to the solution of the problem of interference from superfluous information, and to reform the directed graph to clarify the relationships between the nodes.
Research of the Optimization of a Data Mining Algorithm Based on an Embedded Data Mining System
Authors: Wang Xindi , Chen Mengfei , Chen Li
Published: January 2014

At present most of the data mining systems are independent with respect to the database system, and data loading and conversion take much time. The running time of the algorithms in a data mining process is also long. Although some optimized algorithms have improved it in different aspects, they could not improve the efficiency to a large extent when many duplicate records are available in a database. Solving the problem of improving the efficiency of data mining in the presence of many coinciding records in a database, an Apriori optimized algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a new concept of duplication and use is suggested to remove and count the same records, in order to generate a new database of a small size. Secondly, the original database is compressed according to the users’ requirements. At last, finding the frequent item sets based on binary coding, strong association rules are obtained. The structure of the data mining system based on an embedded database has also been designed in this paper. The theoretical analysis and experimental verification prove that the optimized algorithm is appropriate and the algorithm application in an embedded data mining system can further improve the mining efficiency.
A New Privacy Preserving Association Rule Mining Algorithm Based on Hybrid Partial Hiding Strategy
Authors: Zhu Jian-Ming , Zhang Ning , Li Zhan-Yu
Published: January 2014

Data mining is the progress of automatically discovering high level data and trends in large amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. In order to improve the privacy preservation of association rule mining, a hybrid partial hiding algorithm (HPH) is proposed. The original data set can be interfered and transformed by different random parameters. Then, the algorithm of generating frequent items based on HPH is presented. Finally, it can be proved that the privacy of HPH algorithm is better than that of the original algorithm.
Research on Profit Distribution of Software Outsourcing Alliances Based on the Improved Shapley Value Model
Authors: Lv Xiyan , Zhao Suyan
Published: January 2014

With the development of software outsourcing industry, there is a growing trend to establish the software outsourcing alliances. Whether alliances’ profit distribution is reasonable affects directly and significantly alliances’ stability. This paper introduces the Shapley value method which is a common profit distribution method applicable to multiple people cooperation. Due to the weakness of the Shapley value method, AHP is used to analyze the influence factors and adjust the model. The anticipated outcome of the result is to provide a theoretical support for the profit distribution of the software outsourcing alliances in the future.
UARR: A Novel Similarity Measure for Collaborative Filtering Recommendation
Authors: Huang Yue , Gao Xuedong , Gu Shujuan
Published: January 2014

User similarity measurement plays a key role in collaborative filtering recommendation which is the most widely applied technique in recommender systems. Traditional user-based collaborative filtering recommendation methods focus on absolute rating difference of common rated items while neglecting the relative rating level difference to the same items. In order to overcome this drawback, we propose a novel user similarity measure which takes into account the degree of rating the level gap that users could accept. The results of collaborative filtering recommendation based on User Acceptable Rating Radius (UARR) on a real movie rating data set, the MovieLens data set, prove to generate more accurate prediction results compared to the traditional similarity methods.
A Cloud Computing Service Architecture of a Parallel Algorithm Oriented to Scientific Computing with CUDA and Monte Carlo
Authors: Yimu Ji , Zizhuo Kuang , Yu Pan Qiao , Yanpeng Sun , Jiangbang Kang , Wei Huang
Published: January 2014

The GPGPU (General Purpose Graphics Processing Units) have become a whole new area for research due to the fast development of GPU hardware and programming tools, such as CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Here we have made a research on CUDA and its applications in the field of scientific computation, as organ electronics. We propose one solution of the parallel computation in global optimization of the physical characteristics in organ electronics with Monte Carlo, and one cloud service architecture for parallel computation of organ electronics was designed. Finally, one case of computing the organ molecule moving orbit was implemented based on the above solution and architecture, and has got a good display by the cloud service.
Factors influencing consumer behavior relating to the purchase of honey part 2. Product quality and packaging
Authors: Roman Adam , Popiela-Pleban Ewa , Kozak Maria , Roman Katarzyna
Published: January 2014

Research surveys were conducted from August through December 2011 and March through July 2012, in the regions of Lower Silesia, Opole, Silesia, and Wielkopolska, Poland. Respondents were chosen randomly and a sample of 540 respondents were surveyed. The first aim of this study was to investigate the quality and aesthetic factors expected of honey and its packaging in order to establish their influence on decisions related to the purchase of honey. The second aim was to determine the importance of the aesthetic factors of honey and its packaging in the process of influencing consumer behavior related to the purchase of honey. As many as 78% of respondents said that the honey from a beekeeper was better than that offered in the stores. A large number of respondents, 88.3%, choose honey produced domestically. However, our study showed that for 43.4% of the respondents, packaging and visual features did not affect the purchase of the product. Only for 23% of respondents, the origin of the honey and quality which was guaranteed with certificates were the most important factors taken into account when deciding on the place or form of a honey purchase. The varieties of honey most often indicated by the respondents were: multifloral honey 46.9%, linden honey 42.5%, rapeseed honey 16.2%, and acacia honey 12.8%. The selection of honey varieties was primarily determined by psychological factors, social factors, and only later by convenience of consumption or financial situation.
EFFECTS OF INHIBITORS ON HAEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASE FROM ROSACEOUS BRANCH BORER, OSPHERANTERIA COERULESCENS (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Gholami Tahareh , Ghadamyari Mohammad , Oliaee Ali Olyaie , Ajamhasani Maryan
Published: January 2014

The rosaceous branch borer, Ospheranteria coerulescens, is an important pest of rosaceous trees. This insect feeds on the twigs and branches of living trees and causes their death. The characterization of the insect phenoloxidase (PO) is of interest when doing comparative investigations, and so that we may be able to understand its biochemical properties. When designing new methods of insect control such as the use of PO inhibitors, an understanding of the biochemical properties is fundamental. In this study, PO from hemolymph of the rosaceous branch borer was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The biochemical properties were characterized using l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the specific substrate. The apparent molecular weights of the three isoforms of PO were determined by SDS-PAGE to be 85.23, 79.45, and 66.06 kDa. Optimal pH for PO activity was pH 8, and the optimal temperature was 45°C. Phenoloxidase lost less than 50% of its relative activity after a 60 min incubation at the optimal temperature. The effects of ions and chemical materials such as K+, Ba2+, Zn2+ and EDTA on PO showed that PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2+. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) were 88.61 mM and 0.14 μmol/min, respectively. The inhibitory effects of kojic acid, 4-hexylresorsinol, and quercetin on PO were determined, and the IC50s (inhibitory concentration) were estimated as 23.31 for kojic acid, 35.75 for 4-hexylresorcinol, and 60.8 μM for quercetin. The inhibitory potency of kojic acid was 1.54 times higher than that of 4-hexylresorcinol and 2.58 times higher than that of quercetin. Phenoloxidase was effectively inhibited by 4-hexylresorcinol, and the inhibition type was competitive. The inhibition types of PO by kojic acid and quercetin were found to be mixed.
Use of heparin in neurointervention: a review of the literature
Authors: Zenteno M. , Moscote-Salazar L.R. , Alvis-Miranda H. , Lee A.
Published: January 2014

Background: The use of heparin is routine in endovascular procedures as a strategy in many centers that perform neurointerventional procedures to prevent occlusion of the catheters, but the use of this drug carries risks such as heparininduced thrombocytopenia.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature.

Material and methods: We conducted an extensive search and review of published papers about heparin and neurointerventional procedures.

Results: The evidence in the literature is weak in relation to the use of heparin and the reduction of embolic effects associated with their use in endovascular procedures.

Conclusion: The evidence on the use of heparin for the prevention of thromboembolic events in endovascular procedures are of low quality. There is insufficient evidence to conclude a potential benefit of heparin is useful in neurointerventional procedures. Prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of heparin and avoid exposing patients to potential risks.