bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of expression level of several cytokines and growth factors in cerespinal fluids extracted from spina bifida, transverse myelitis, and paralysis
Authors:   HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Than Thi Trang Uyen , Trinh Phuong Dong ,   HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Trung Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Thu Huyen ,   HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hoang Huong Diem ,   HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Thanh Liem ,   Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, 458 Minh Khai Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have indicated that there is an association between expression levels of cytokines and growth factors with different pathologies, including neuron damage disease. In this study, we used Luminex assay to analyse expression levels of several cytokines and growth factors in cerebral spinal fluids (CSF) of patients with neuron inflammation or damage including spina bida (SB), transverse myelitis (TM), and paralysis. Results showed that we had detected the expression of 22 factors, including ten inflammatory cytokines, six anti-inflammatory cytokines, and six growth factors, in the CSF isolated from patients. A group of factors expressed higher compared to others, including inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-6, and TNF-α); anti-inflammatory cytokines (APRIL and IL-33R); and growth factors (GDF-15 và G-CSF). A group of factors that expressed lower compared to other factors includes inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β và IFN-γ), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and BAFF), and growth factors (BMP-9, EGF, and NGF-β). Interestingly, two factors of IL-6 and GDF-15 expressed higher in CSF originated from paralysis patients compared to SB and TM patients, while IL-17A and TNF-α expressed higher in paralysis patients compared to TM, but not SB. Two factors of IL-21 and TNF-α expressed higher in CSF from SB compared to TM. Results from this study are novel and significant to contribute to the knowledge of cytokine and growth factor profiles in the CSF of SB, TM, and paralysis patients. However, it requires more investigation to develop these results into markers for disease diagnosis.
Analgesic effects of semi-solid extract from four medicinal herbs (Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, Vitex negundo L., Justicia gendarussa L., Piper lolot L.) in mice
Authors:   Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 221B Hoang Van Thu Street, Ward 8, Phu Nhuan District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy , Hua Hoang Oanh ,   Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 221B Hoang Van Thu Street, Ward 8, Phu Nhuan District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the experimental analgesic effects of the semi-solid extract from four folk medicinal herbs: Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, Vitex negundoL., Justicia gendarussa L., and Piper lolot L. (BNTL extract). This study provides a scientific basis for further research on the effects of a topically applied natural-origin remedy. Materials and methods: Swiss albino mice, 20±2 g in weight, provided by the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh city. Hot-plate method and mechanical pain method were used to determine the analgesic effects of BNTL extract. Results: BNTL extract applied topically showed only a statistically significant effect on prolonging the response time compared with the control group to mechanical agents. BNTL extract helps prolong the time to appear temperature response in white mice, but has no statistical significance compared to the control group in the hot plate model. Conclusions: BNTL extract did not show central analgesic effects, but did show analgesic effects in experimental mechanical pain models.
Disease models of traditional medicine departments of some district hospitals in Quang Binh province
Authors:   Bo Trach District General Hospital, Hoan Lao Town, Bo Trach District, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, Nguyen Tuan Linh , Doan Quang Huy ,   Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, 2 Tran Phu Street, Mo Lao Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: May 2024

This study was carried out with the aim of describing the disease patterns of inpatients at the Department of Traditional Medicine of three district hospitals in Quang Binh province in 2019-2021 by cross-sectional descriptive method. The research subjects of this study include all inpatients at the Department of Traditional Medicine of three hospitals, namely Bo Trach District General Hospital, Le Thuy District General Hospital, and Tuyen Hoa District General Hospital from January 2019 to the end of December 2021. The collected data are processed by biomedical statistical algorithms with the support of SPSS 20.0 software. The research results showed that in 2019 sciatica accounted for 35.4%. In 2020, this data slightly decreased to 30.7%, in 2021 the disease accounted for the largest proportion was schizophrenia (44.0%). In 2019, 97.85% of cases had treatment results “Stable and discharged”. In addition, the duration of inpatient treatment gradually increased over the years (2019 was 7.88±1.39 (day), 2020 was 8.98±1.59 (day), and 2021 was 9.64±1.69 (day).
POLLUTION & SKIN: ROLE OF POLYSACCHARIDES From Waste Material to Innovative Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Francesco Morganite Pier
Published: May 2024

Skin as principal barrier protects our body from the inside and outside environmental aggressions represented principally from air pollution and the pathogenic microorganisms.The fundamental protective parts of the skin are the Stratum Corneum and the dermal compartment largely composed of dense collagen-rich fibrils which, embedded into the Extracellular matrix, provide structural and mechanical support.This complex structure degrades during the aging processes due to genetic factors and the environmental polluted environment .To protect and try to rejuvenate the skin both women and men are looking for cosmetic products made by natural ingredients,produced by sustainable technologies and packed by containers able to safeguard human health and the environment. Polysaccharides seem to be the best ingredients to make natural-based active ingredients and carriers for Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic use, being skin- and environmentally-friendly,and obtainable at low cost from the food waste. At this purpose, a new category of biocosmetic products has been proposed, which are made by smart non-woven tissue-carriers, embedded by micro-nanoparticles of nanochitin-nanolignin, encapsulating different active ingredients. Natural polysaccharides used as carriers and active ingredients characterize the different activities of these innovative cosmeceutical-tissues. So doing it could be possible to reduce part of the food waste, safeguarding natural raw materials and biodiversity of our planet for the future generations.
Serum Levels of Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Iron and Ferritin in Libyan Patients with Vitiligo Vulgaris: A Case Control Study
Authors: A. El-Dibany Salwa
Published: May 2024

Background: Vitiligo is the most common acquired pigmentary skin disorder, with an estimated worldwide incidence of 0.5-4%. Although the pathogenesis of vitiligo remains largely unknown, there are different theories explaining its pathogenesis, including; genetic, autoimmune, auto-cytotoxic, oxidative stress and neurogenic. Oxidative stress has been postulated to causes cellular disruptions that provoke an autoimmune response in genetically susceptible individuals leading to melanocytes destructions. Trace elements considered as antioxidants protecting the body against cytotoxicity of melanocytes and inhibition of tyrosinase in oxidative stress. Aim of the study: to evaluate the serum levels of copper, zinc, magnesium, iron and ferritin in patients with vitiligo vulgaris and compare it with control subjects. Also to determine the association between serums trace elements levels and disease activity. Patients and Methods: This study included 50 patients with vitiligo attending the Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology Department, Eljumhoria Hospital, Benghazi, Libya, and 50 healthy age and sex-matched volunteers who had no dermatological or systemic diseases. Blood samples for serum levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and ferritin were obtained from patients with vitiligo vulgaris and healthy controls. Results: Serum Cu, Zn and Mg were higher in patients, serum ferritin was lower in patients than control subjects and this difference was statistically non- significant (P<0.05). Whereas, there was no difference in serum Fe between patients and control subjects. There was no significant correlation between the serum level of these TE with activity of the disease, duration or family history of vitiligo. Conclusions: Serum Zn, Cuand Mg levels in patients with vitiligo were found to be higher than that of controls. The role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of vitiligo needs to be investigated in further large sample sized population-based studies.
Epidermal Expression of Melanocyte Related Proteins in Normal Skin and in Vitiligo
Authors: S. Awad Sherif
Published: May 2024

Melanocytes are specialized neural crest-derived cells that are responsible for skin pigmentation. In vitiligo, loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes results in loss of pigment. Based on published studies, many transcription factors including microphtalmia-associated transcription factor, SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 10 are responsible for differentiation of melanocytes from neural crest cells as well as development of melanoblasts). However, the pathogenesis of loss of pigmentation in skin still unclear. We studied the expression of several melanocyte-related proteins and markers in vitiligo samples and comparing them to normally pigmented skin samples. This may provide a more insight into the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is a still controversy. We assessed the expression of six antibodies including S100, Melan-A (to detect fully formed, functioning melanocytes), CD117 (a specific relevant tyrosinase inducer), MITF and SOX-10 (important related transcription factors), and BCL-2 (stem cell markers) in 32 skin samples. We demonstrated significant decline in the expression of all examined immunomarkers in the skin of vitiligo when compared to normal pigmented skin. Our data may speculate that vitiligo pathogenesis does not involve only destruction of functioning active melanocytes, but also, other steps of cellular stimulation of induction of melanocytes and melanogensis are significantly affected as well.
A case of Cervical Cold Abscess Refractory to Empirical Anti-Tubercular Therapy due to Mycobacterium Fortuitum: Awareness on Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection!
Authors: Phyu Pyar Khin
Published: May 2024

A third-year medical student, 19 years, had multiple cold abscess at left posterior triangle with systemic symptoms- poor appetite and weight loss. Histopathology was consistent with tuberculous lymphadenopathy as it showed Langham’s giant cells and caseation necrosis. Both systemic symptoms and local lesions were refractory to empirical treatment for tuberculosis standard anti-tubercular therapy: isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Pus for Gene Xpart was negative. Pus culture showed non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); Mycobacterium fortuitum.
Percepción materna de la apariencia física y peso corporal real de hijos escolaras, en una UMF.
Authors: Martínez Santos Edward Alam , Balcázar Rincón Luis Ernesto , Ramírez Alcántara Yunis Lourdes
Published: May 2024

Introducción: La percepción materna del peso y apariencia física de los hijos escolares es crucial en su desarrollo nutricional. Una percepción errónea puede llevar a la falta de cambios higiénico-dietéticos necesarios, resultando en un estado nutricional inadecuado y una interpretación incorrecta del peso de los escolares. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción materna de la apariencia física y del peso corporal real de hijos escolares en una Unidad de Medicina Familiar (UMF) del IMSS en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo con binomios de madres e hijos (6-12 años) de la UMF No. 13. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Percepciones sobre la Apariencia Física y Salud de Eckstein (alfa de Cronbach 0.7) a las madres. Resultados: Se incluyeron 349 madres (edad promedio: 37±8 años). En cuanto a los hijos, 48.7% eran varones y 51.3% mujeres. El estado nutricional mostró: 23.5% con peso bajo, 27.2% con peso normal, 23.8% con sobrepeso y 25.5% con obesidad. El 49% de las madres con percepción incorrecta de la salud de sus hijos (p= 0.043) no identificaron casos de obesidad. Conclusiones: La percepción materna inadecuada conduce a un reconocimiento deficiente de la necesidad de cambios dietéticos y de hábitos de higiene, esencial para prevenir estados nutricionales inapropiados en niños escolares. Palabras clave: Peso corporal, percepción materna, nutrición infantil, hábitos de salud.
Cambios electrocardiográficos en EVC hemorrágico y su correlación con el pronóstico de pacientes del HGZ No. 2 del IMSS, Tuxtla Gutiérrez; Chiapas.
Authors: Murillo Torres Irving José , Rojas Guzmán Claudia Patricia , Balcázar Rincón Luis Ernesto
Published: May 2024

Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular es un problema de salud pública, es preciso establecer un abordaje que permita disminuir el daño cerebral irreversible y conseguir una mejor recuperación funcional del paciente. Objetivo: Identificar los hallazgos electrocardiográficos presentes en pacientes con EVC hemorrágico en el del Hospital General de Zona No. 2, de la ciudad de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, analítico y transversal. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por 81 pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebrovascular de origen hemorrágico. La recolección de datos fue a través de un formato creado exprofeso para el estudio que incluyo edad, sexo, diagnóstico, antecedentes de importancia relacionados con factores de riesgo modificables para EVC hemorrágico, hallazgos de electrocardiograma, motivos de alta y estado de salud al momento del alta. El análisis estadístico incluyó estadística analítica con Chi Cuadrada para diferencia de proporciones. Se estableció una p < 0.001 como significativa. Resultados: Las alteraciones de la onda T y del segmento ST, fueron los cambios electrocardiográficos más comunes estando presentes en el 54.3% de los pacientes. La edad del paciente y los cambios electrocardiográficos anormales influyeron en el pronóstico final del paciente (p <0.001). Conclusiones: Este trabajo pone de manifiesto el gran valor diagnóstico y predictivo del electrocardiograma como un estudio asequible y práctico que permite establecer un pronóstico considerando las altas probabilidades de que se presenten secuelas a corto, mediano y largo plazo en el paciente con EVC hemorrágico. Palabras clave: EVC hemorrágico, electrocardiograma, pronóstico, enfermedad cerebrovascular.
Do expandable cage size and number of cages matter in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at L5–S1? A comparative biomechanical analysis using finite element modeling
Authors: Bakhaidar Mohamad , Harinathan Balaji , Banurekha Devaraj Karthik , Yoganandan Narayan , Shabani Saman
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Expandable transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cages were designed to address the limitations of static cages. Bilateral cage insertion can potentially enhance stability, fusion rates, and segmental lordosis. However, the benefits of unilateral versus bilateral expandable cages with varying sizes in TLIF remain unclear. This study used a validated finite element spine model to compare the biomechanical properties of L5–S1 TLIF by using differently sized expandable cages inserted unilaterally or bilaterally.

METHODS

A finite element model of X-PAC expandable lumbar cages was created and used at the L5–S1 level. This model had cage dimensions of 9 mm in height, 15° in lordosis, and varying widths and lengths. Various placements (unilateral vs bilateral) and sizes were examined under pure moment loading to evaluate range of motion, adjacent-segment motion, and endplate stress.

RESULTS

Stability at the L5–S1 level decreased when smaller cages were used in both the unilateral and bilateral cage models. In the unilateral model, cage 1 (the smallest cage) resulted in 47.9% more motion at the L5–S1 level compared to cage 5 (the largest cage) in flexion, as well as 64.8% more motion in extension. Similarly, in the bilateral TLIF model, bilateral cage 1 led to 49.4% more motion at the L5–S1 level in flexion and 73.4% more motion in extension compared to bilateral cage 5. Unilateral insertion of cage 5 provided superior stability in flexion and surpassed cages 1–3 in extension when compared to cages inserted either unilaterally or bilaterally. Reduced motion at L5–S1 correlated with increased adjacent-segment motion at L4–5. Bilateral TLIF resulted in greater adjacent-segment motion compared to unilateral TLIF with the same-size cages. Inferior endplates experienced higher stress during flexion and extension than superior endplates, with this difference being more pronounced in the bilateral model. In bilateral cage placement, stress differences ranged from 46.3% to 60.0%, while they ranged from 1.1% to 9.6% in unilateral cages. Qualitative analysis revealed increased focal stress in unilateral cages versus bilateral cages.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors’ study shows that using a large unilateral TLIF cage may offer better stability than the bilateral insertion of smaller cages. While large bilateral cages increase adjacent-segment motion, they also provide a uniform stress distribution on the endplates. These findings deepen our understanding of the biomechanics of the available expandable TLIF cages.
Interictal discharge traveling waves recorded from stereoelectroencephalography electrodes
Authors: Yearley Alexander G. , Smith Elliot H. , Davis Tyler S. , Anderson Daria , Arain Amir M. , Rolston John D.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are intermittent high-amplitude electrical signals that occur between seizures. They have been shown to propagate through the brain as traveling waves when recorded with epicortical grid–type electrodes and small penetrating microelectrode arrays. However, little work has been done to translate experimental IED analyses to more clinically relevant platforms such as stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). In this pilot study, the authors aimed to define a computational method to identify and characterize IEDs recorded from clinical SEEG electrodes and leverage the directionality of IED traveling waves to localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ).

METHODS

Continuous SEEG recordings from 15 patients with medically refractory epilepsy were collected, and IEDs were detected by identifying overlapping peaks of a minimum prominence. IED pathways of propagation were defined and compared to the SOZ location determined by a clinical neurologist based on the ictal recordings. For further analysis of the IED pathways of propagation, IED detections were divided into triplets, defined as a set of 3 consecutive contacts within the same IED detection. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were employed to associate IED characteristics with colocalization to the SOZ.

RESULTS

A median (range) of 22.6 (4.4–183.9) IEDs were detected per hour from 15 patients over a mean of 23.2 hours of recording. Depending on the definition of the SOZ, a median (range) of 20.8% (0.0%–54.5%) to 62.1% (19.2%–99.4%) of IEDs per patient traversed the SOZ. IEDs passing through the SOZ followed discrete pathways that had little overlap with those of the IEDs passing outside the SOZ. Contact triplets that occurred more than once were significantly more likely to be detected in an IED passing through the SOZ (p < 0.001). Per our multivariate model, patients with a greater proportion of IED traveling waves had a significantly greater proportion of IEDs that localized to the SOZ (β = 0.64, 95% CI 0.01–1.27, p = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS

By using computational methods, IEDs can be meaningfully detected from clinical-grade SEEG recordings of patients with epilepsy. In some patients, a high proportion of IEDs are traveling waves according to multiple metrics that colocalize to the SOZ, offering hope that IED detection, with further refinement, could serve as an alternative method for SOZ localization.
Assessing pediatric neurosurgery capacity in La Paz, Bolivia: an illustrative institutional experience of a lower-middle-income country in South America
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Brun Jorge Daniel , Niazi Toba N. , Brun Jorge David
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The current pediatric neurosurgery capacity in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) in South America is poorly understood. Correspondingly, the authors sought to interrogate the neurosurgical inpatient experience of the sole publicly funded pediatric hospital in one of the largest regional departments of Bolivia to better understand this capacity.

METHODS

A retrospective review of all neurosurgical procedures performed at the Children’s Hospital of La Paz, Bolivia (Hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria") between 2019 and 2023 was conducted after institutional approval using a recently implemented national electronic medical record system.

RESULTS

A total of 475 neurosurgical admissions satisfied inclusion for analysis over the 5-year span. The majority of admissions were from within the La Paz Department (87%) via the emergency department (77%), without private insurance (83%). The most common indications for neurosurgical intervention were trauma (35%), followed by hydrocephalus (28%), congenital disease (12%), infection (5%), and craniosynostosis (3%). Overall, the median age at time of surgery was 2.0 years, and the median operating time was 1.5 hours with a minority of intraoperative complications (2%). The most common inpatient complication was unplanned return to the operating room (19%), most commonly seen in congenital indications. At final discharge, the median postoperative length of stay was 10 days. Twenty-seven (6%) of the 475 patients died during hospitalization, most commonly seen in tumor indications. Of the 448 patients who were discharged, 299 (67%) returned for at least one follow-up appointment.

CONCLUSIONS

There is restricted breadth in neurosurgical indications and outcomes achievable at the Children’s Hospital of La Paz, Bolivia. As such, the capacity of pediatric neurosurgery at institutions in LMICs in South America such as this one is very limited. Identifying and prioritizing actionable interventions to improve this capacity is institution- and LMIC-dependent, and as such, future efforts will need to be tailored appropriately.
Porphyry copper and epithermal gold–silver mineralization of the Baimka ore zone, Western Chukotka, Russia
Authors: Chitalin A. F. , Baksheev I. A. , Nikolaev Yu. N.
Published: May 2024

Обобщены результаты исследований Баимской рудной зоны (БРЗ) на Западной Чукотке, полученные при проведении поисково-оценочных и разведочных работ в 2008–2016 гг., и показаны основные особенности ее строения и развития. Формирование рудной минерализации порфировых и эпитермальных рудных систем БРЗ происходило в раннемеловое время в зоне глубинного правого сдвига северо-западного простирания. Меридиональные структуры растяжения и диагональные сколы в зоне сдвига контролировали позицию и морфологию интрузивных тел монцонитоидов и парагенетически связанных с ними рудных штокверков с медно-порфировой и золото-серебряной эпитермальной минерализацией. Рудные штокверки прослеживаются бурением на глубину до 700 м и прогнозируются глубже по геофизическим данным. Описана зональность аномальных геохимических полей вторичных ореолов и первичная геохимическая зональность месторождения Песчанка и Находкинского рудного поля (НРП). Эрозионный срез месторождений и проявлений различный. Для месторождения Песчанка установлен верхне-среднерудный срез, для проявлений НРП эрозионный срез изменяется от верхнерудного до нижнерудного. Выявлены новые перспективные участки в пределах БРЗ, где прогнозируется промышленное медно-порфировое и золото-серебряное эпитермальное оруденение.
Age and relationship between magmatites of a pluton and small intrusions (Sorskoe porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, Khakassia)
Authors: Berzina A. N. , Berzina A. P. , Gimon V. O.
Published: May 2024

Сорское Cu-Mo-порфировое месторождение расположено в Кузнецком Алатау, на северо-западе Алтае-Саянской складчатой области. Промышленное Cu-Mo оруденение тесно ассоциирует с малыми интрузиями (штоки, дайки) порфировых пород, локализованными в Уйбатском плутоне. Плутон и малые интрузии сложены породами габброидной, монцонитоидной и гранит/лейкогранитной ассоциаций. Однотипные породы плутона и малых порфировых интрузий близки по минеральному составу, металлогенической специализации, петрогеохимическим и изотопным характеристикам. Магматиты габброидной ассоциации являются производными плавления литосферной мантии, метасоматизированной субдукционными флюидами. Породы монцонитоидной ассоциации сформировались вследствие фракционной дифференциации мафической магмы и ассимиляции нижнекорового материала. Геохимические характеристики свидетельствуют об отсутствии генетической связи между породами повышенной основности и гранит/лейкогранитной ассоциации. По-видимому, породы гранит/лейкогранитной ассоциации кристаллизовались из расплава, сформировавшегося в результате частичного плавления ювенильной мафической коры под воздействием на нее тепла мафической магмы. Согласно U-Pb геохронологическим исследованиям, становление плутона произошло ~478, а внедрение малых интрузий от ~467 до ~457 млн лет назад. Предполагается, что породы плутона и малых интрузий генерировали расплавы разновозрастных средне-верхнекоровых очагов, формировавшиеся в связи с неоднократным поступлением магмы из глубинного крупнообъемного долгоживущего магматического резервуара. На месте раннего очага кристаллизовались породы Уйбатского плутона. Становление малых интрузий произошло на фоне многократного поступления магмы из позднего очага. На Сорском месторождении магматизм малых интрузий не является продолжением плутоногенного, как это часто отмечается на Cu-Mo-порфировых месторождениях. Связь магматизма плутона и малых интрузий опосредована через общий глубинный очаг. Внедрению малых интрузий предшествовало изменение тектонической обстановки, которое благоприятствовало подъему порфировой магмы, концентрированию и отделению флюидов и формированию богатого оруденения.
U–Pb ages and whole-rocks and zircon geochemistry of granitoids from the Zhireken Mo-porphyry deposit, Eastern Transbaikalia: new insights into the link to mineralization
Authors: Svetlitskaya T. V. , Nevolko P. A.
Published: May 2024

Жирекенское Mo-порфировое месторождение расположено в пределах Западно-Станового террейна Забайкальского сектора Монголо-Охотского складчатого пояса и приурочено к одноименной многофазной интрузии средне-позднеюрского возраста. Несмотря на длительную историю освоения месторождения, на сегодняшний день остается невыясненным целый ряд вопросов касательно магматизма и рудной минерализации. В частности, до сих пор не установлена рудопродуцирующая гранитоидная интрузия, с внедрением которой связано формирование месторождения. В исследовании представлены новые U-Pb LA-ICP-MS цирконовые возрасты, а также геохимический состав цирконов и магматических пород Жирекенского месторождения. Проведенные исследования показывают, что месторождение пространственно ассоциирует с серией интрузий высоко-K известково-щелочных — шошонитовых гранитоидов I-типа, внедрившихся в интервале 158–166 млн лет на постколлизионной стадии эволюции Монголо-Охотского океана. Последовательность внедрения включает биотитовые лейкограниты (U-Pb возраст ок. 164–166 млн лет) → биотит-амфиболовые граниты и гранодиориты (U-Pb возраст ок. 161–163 млн лет) → дайки гранит-порфиров (U-Pb возраст ок. 162–163 млн лет), лейкогранит-порфиров и (кварцевых) диорит-порфиров → дайки кварцевых монцонит-порфиров (U-Pb возраст ок. 158 млн лет). Полученные U-Pb возрасты и геологические взаимоотношения между гранитоидами и минерализацией предполагают, что внедрение рудогененирующей гранитоидной интрузии и формирование Mo-порфирового рудного штокверка на Жирекенском месторождении произошло в интервале 158–161 млн лет. Оценка рудного потенциала этих гранитоидов по комплексу геохимических валовых и минеральных (цирконы) индикаторов фертильности показала, что изученные интрузии не могут быть генетически связаны с порфировой минерализацией, поскольку являются производными слабоокисленных магм. Гранитоидная интрузия, с которой генетически связано молибденовое оруденение Жирекенского месторождения, либо не вскрыта, либо представлена породами, не охваченными настоящим и более ранними исследованиями.
Apatite geochemistry as a fertility tool for porphyry systems (using the example of the Shakhtama Mo-porphyry and Bystrinsky Cu–Au–Fe-porphyry–skarn deposits, Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia)
Authors: Vesnin V. S. , Nevolko P. A. , Svetlitskaya T. V. , Fominykh P. A. , Bondarchuk D. V.
Published: May 2024

Быстринское Cu-Au-Fe-порфирово-скарновое и Шахтаминское Mo-порфировое месторождения расположены в Восточном Забайкалье, Россия. Вмещающими промышленную минерализацию породами на месторождениях служат многофазные гранитоидные плутоны средне-позднеюрского шахтаминского комплекса. Промышленное оруденение генетически связано с небольшими телами гранит-порфиров и гранодиорит-порфиров поздних фаз внедрения. С целью выявления специфики рудоносного магматизма был изучен состав летучих компонентов и редкоземельных элементов в апатитах из магматических пород рудоносных и безрудных интрузий. Отдельное внимание было уделено доказательству первично-магматического происхождения апатита и отсутствия влияния на их состав наложенных процессов. Было показано, что для рудоносных интрузий Быстринского и Шахтаминского месторождений типично повышенное содержание S в апатите, что указывает на их формирование из окисленных расплавов. Кроме того, показано, что наличие сульфатной серы в расплаве является необходимым условием для формирования сульфидной минерализации. Установлено, что характерным различием между апатитом Cu-порфировых и Mo-порфировых систем является высокая концентрация Cl (более 0.8 мас. %), который обеспечивает перенос халькофильных элементов. Содержание летучих в апатите может быть использовано в качестве признака рудоносности магматических пород. Анализ редкоземельного состава апатита позволил установить, что для минерала из рудоносных гранитоидов Шахтаминского и Быстринского месторождений характерно значение Eu/Eu* 0.4, что указывает на окисленность и водонасыщенность исходного расплава. Выявленные характеристики состава летучих компонентов и редкоземельных элементов апатита из рудоносных интрузий и их дискретность от апатита из безрудных гранитоидов могут служить признаком рудоносности магматических пород на порфировое оруденение.
Etnomatematika: Pengenalan Bangun Datar Melalui Konteks Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa
Authors: Lisnani  , Zulkardi  , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Somakim
Published: May 2024

Etnomatematika merupakan integrasi antara kebudayaan dan matematika sebagai salah satu usaha memperkenalkan budaya dan matematika secara bersamaan. Salah satu bentuk etnomatematika misalnya bangun bersejarah di kota Palembang yaitu Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengeksplorasi hubungan antara matematika dan budaya dalam seni arsitektur pada Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa dan mengenalkan konsep bangun datar melalui konteks Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa. Penelitian ini tergolong deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi pustaka. Subjek penelitian adalah salah seorang petugas Museum. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan prinsip etnografi melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data berupa hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi yang dikaitkan dengan kebudayaan dan matematika. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu eksplorasi hubungan antara matematika dan budaya, terutama dalam seni arsitektur pada Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa dan adanya konsep matematika yaitu bangun datar dari eksplorasi Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa.
Self-Efficacy Calon Guru Matematika
Authors: Sumartini Tina Sri
Published: May 2024

Self-efficacy calon guru matematika masih kurang. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis mengenai self-efficacy calon guru matematika sehingga dapat diketahui aspek self-efficacy yang perlu ditingkatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis self-efficacy calon guru matematika dalam mengajar matematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak tiga orang calon guru matematika jurusan pendidikan matematika di Institut Pendidikan Indonesia. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa calon guru matematika memiliki keyakinan dalam penguasaan pengetahuan matematika, namun merasa kurang yakin bahwa dirinya mampu untuk menyampaikan materi matematika kepada siswa. Kurangnya keyakinan ini berakibat pada kemampuan pedagogis calon guru matematika.
Analisis Buku Teks Pelajaran Matematika SMP ditinjau dari Literasi Matematika
Authors: Suharyono Erik , Rosnawati R.
Published: May 2024

Literasi matematika merupakan salah satu tujuan pembelajaran matematika sehingga perlu termuat dalam buku teks matematika sebagai sumber utama belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil analisis soal-soal pada buku teks pelajaran matematika SMP kelas VII semester II kurikulum 2013 ditinjau dari literasi matematika. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik pengkodean, dan teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 408 soal yang dianalisis, terdapat 49,26% soal serupa dengan soal-soal pada PISA. Proporsi konteks didominasi oleh konteks umum dengan persentase 42,29%. Aspek proses didominasi oleh proses menggunakan konsep, fakta, prosedur, dan penalaran dengan persentase 66,17%. Selanjutnya, Level kompetensi matematika PISA didominasi oleh level 2 dengan persentase 52,74% dan level 1 dengan persentase 39,80%. Kurang dari 10% untuk level 3 sampai 6. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa soal-soal pada buku teks hanya mampu melatih peserta didik di level 2 kompetensi matematika PISA. Diperlukan sumber belajar lainnya yang dapat melengkapi kekurangan tersebut.
Pengembangan Mobile Learning Barusikung Berbasis Android pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung
Authors: Rachma Yesica Puspita , Setyadi Danang , Mampouw Helti Lygia
Published: May 2024

Matematika merupakan salah satu pelajaran yang penting untuk dikuasai siswa di sekolah khususnya pada materi pemahaman bentuk dan ruang, meskipun demikian masih banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari materi tersebut. Hal inilah yang mendorong peneliti untuk mengembangkan suatu aplikasi Mobile learning pada materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Langkah-langkahnya terdiri dari: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluations. asil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan valid dan praktis. Hasil uji coba terhadap 10 siswa menunjukkan bahwa media masuk dalam kategori baik. Selain itu Mobile learning mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pretest dan posttest yang menunjukkan nilai signifikan. Mobile learning dapat membantu siswa memahami bentuk dan ruang pada materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung.
Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Pada Materi Segitiga Berdasarkan Teori Van Hielle
Authors: Firnanda Viyang , Pratama Fika Widya
Published: May 2024

Masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa yang rendah pada materi segitiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika pada materi segitiga berdasarkan Teori Van Hiele. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen utama adalah peneliti itu sendiri, dibantu instrumen pendukung yang terdiri dari 3 soal tes berupa soal uraian sesuai dengan indikator Van Hiele dan pedoman wawancara yang semi terstruktur.Teknik analisis data menggunakan 4 tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 13 November sampai 14 Desember 2019 semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 3 siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Salatiga dengan hasil belajar matematika tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan tahap berpikir Van Hiele. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa siswa dengan hasil belajar matematika tinggi mencapai tahap 0 (visualisasi). Siswa dengan hasil belajar matematika sedang mampu mencapai tahap 1 (analisis). Siswa dengan hasil belajar matematika rendah mencapai tahap 0 (visualisasi). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tahap berpikir Van Hiele pada setiap siswa berbeda-beda berdasarkan kemampaun pemecahan yang dimiliki setiap siswa.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis dengan Menggunakan Education Game Berbantuan Android pada Barisan dan Deret
Authors: Sanusi Asri Muslim , Septian Ari , Inayah Sarah
Published: May 2024

Permasalahan yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini yaitu karena masih rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah bantuan media pembelajaran education game  yang juga sebagai alternatif solusi permasalahan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Nonequivalent group pretest-postest design menjadi metode penelitian ini.  Instrumen tes berbentuk essai tentang literasi matematis, berupa pretest dan posttest. Seluruh siswa kelas XI MAN 1 Cianjur pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020  menjadi populasinya, sedangkan sampelnya dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling yaitu kelas XI MIPA 4 sebanyak 25 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberikan perlakuan dengan menggunakan education game berbantuan android dan XI MIPA 3 sebanyak 25 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran biasa. Hasilnya, peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dengan education game berbantuan android lebih baik dibandingkan dengan peningkatan pada siswa dengan pembelajaran biasa.
Pengaruh Penerapan Media UnoMath untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa
Authors: Robiana Asep , Handoko Hendri
Published: May 2024

Komunikasi matematis dan kemandirian belajar merupakan hal yang sangat penting dimiliki oleh siswa dan merupakan bagian esensial dari matematika. Masih rendahnya kemampuan matematis dan kemandirian belajar siswa di lapangan, guru harus mengupayakan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan media pembelajaran yang dapat memberikan peluang dan mendorong siswa untuk melatih kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan kemandirian belajar siswa, salah satu media pembelajaran tersebut yaitu media UnoMath. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan media UnoMath terhadap peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan kemandirian belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain pretest-posttest control group, penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 3 Rajagaluh, kelas VIII A sebanyak 21 orang dan VIII C sebanyak 31 orang sebagai sampel, dengan instrumen tes dan angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji-t dengan berbantuan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan kemandirian belajar siswa.
Evidence for the Existence and Early Origin of Genes Making Possible the Darwinian Evolution of Biogeochemical Homeostasis at a Planetary Scale
Authors: Leggett Mark , Ball David A.
Published: May 2024

This paper uses empirical evidence to address the subject of when and how the processes for the homeostatic influence of the biota on planetary-scale biogeochemical processes first arose. From Lovelock (1972) this planetary-scale homeostatic influence has been referred to as Gaia and we also do so in this paper. To set the scene for the study, the paper first proposes three core necessary attributes for Gaia: (1) individual organisms possessing control systems using feedback loops to regulate their external environment (the _environmental regulation_ core attribute); (2) joint action of groups of such organisms leading to the achievement of larger scale environmental regulation (the_ joint action_ core attribute); and (3) such action occurring at a planetary scale. The paper next identifies representative examples in contemporary organisms of each of the two non-planetary core attributes of Gaia in operation. For each of these examples, genes making up part of the genetic specification of the example were identified. We then sought these same genes in the earliest examples of life that have been genetically characterised in empirical terms - the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) and the Last Bacterial Common Ancestor (LBCA). These arose respectively between 4 and 3.5 billion years ago. Examining both the pools of known modern genes and demonstrated LUCA and/or LBCA genes, a number of modern genes related to functionality analogous to that of Gaia core attributes were also found likely to be in LBCA and/or LUCA. In other words, the potentiality for the eventual evolution of Gaia arose between 3.5 to 4 billion years ago. The paper also provides case studies showing similar results at increasing scales of organismal aggregation over the intervening period to the present. Doolittle (1981) and Dawkins (1982) stated, in essence, that it was impossible for them to imagine any evolutionary way by which Gaia could have arisen. Dawkins (1982) defined Gaia as was at the time predominantly done in terms of its planetary attribute. This posits that there is _one _Gaia on Earth. Dawkins pointed out that neo-Darwinian natural selection requires competition between _multiple _units of selection. Given the absence of such multiple units of selection, Dawkins proposed that Gaia could not come into being by neo-Darwinian natural selection. The Doolittle and Dawkins positions were influential and interpreted by some as evidence that Gaia could not exist at all. The evidence of the present study is that genes for processes analogous to the non-planetary core attributes of Gaia have been available from near the start of life. With such genes being units of selection, planetary Gaia could come about by a series of developments commencing near the start of life, each involving standard gene-based Darwinian natural selection. We consider these results to resolve the issue raised by Doolittle (1981) and Dawkins (1982).
Turning the Tables on Analysing Turns – Validation of Wearable Sensors in Ballet
Authors: McDonald-Spicer Anastasia Louise , Evans Stuart Alexander , Carter Sarah , Lee James Bruce
Published: May 2024

_Introduction: _Wearable technology continues to be a growing area of interest to sports scientists and researchers. At the same time, wearable technology appears to have had little impact on the performing arts, specifically dance and classical ballet (ballet). Ballet dancers have the athletic capabilities of sportspeople, with the physical demands and performance levels of their occupation often as high as elite sports. Therefore, coupled with the gap in the literature about wearable technology, specifically wearable sensors, in ballet, there exists a need to determine whether wearable technology can be applied in the performing arts environment.

_Aim: _The aim of this research was to validate and determine the levels of agreement in timing between a wearable sensor and three-dimensional motion capture camera system when dancers perform a pirouette en dehors from 4th position.

_Methods: _Nine dancers from the Australian Ballet School participated in the study. Each participant performed nine pirouettes in total: three single, three double, and three triple pirouettes en dehors from 4th position. The validation consisted of a timing comparison between a three-dimensional motion capture system, and a wearable sensor. This was carried out using a Will Hopkins’ Typical Error of the Estimate test.

_Results: _Results indicated trivial error between the two systems, with a near-perfect correlation (r = 0.99996), demonstrating the feasibility of wearable sensors for timing analysis of pirouettes. The narrow confidence limits further supported the high precision of the wearable sensor technology.

_Conclusions: _The results of the validation study show that wearable sensors are a valid technology for the timing analysis of pirouettes when compared to the gold standard. At this point, the data indicates that wearable sensors may be an effective tool to assist in the coaching and development of pirouettes in ballet, although further research is recommended.
Experimental Bioethics: Integrating Experimental Philosophy, Moral Intuitions, and Cognitive Psychology within Ethical Inquiry
Authors: Clotet Joaquim
Published: May 2024

This manuscript examines the theoretical and historical foundations of experimental philosophy (“Xphi”) and experimental bioethics (“bioXphi”). Building on Francis Bacon’s assertion that experimental philosophy is the “great mother of sciences,” the study advocates for applying empirical methodologies to ethical inquiry. Experimental bioethics bridges experimental philosophy and empirical bioethics, focusing on the role of emotions and beliefs in forming moral intuitions and judgments. By integrating insights from cognitive psychology, experimental psychology, and moral psychology, the manuscript explores how intuitions and emotions influence ethical decision-making. It also discusses the significance of thought experiments in enhancing understanding and stimulating scholarly discourse. The study underscores the importance of experimental bioethics in addressing contemporary bioethical challenges, highlighting its practical relevance and potential to enrich ethical studies in Brazil and beyond.
Challenges Facing Community Management of Rural Water Supply: The Case of Ohangwena Region, Namibia
Authors: Salom Nespect Butty , Khumalo Prudence
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the critical success factors for the community management of rural water supplies in the Ohangwena Region, Namibia. Rural communities in Namibia receive water through the Community Based Management (CBM) strategy, which necessitates water governance decentralization, thereby enabling local communities to participate in the management of their water resources. In pursuance of this policy and philosophy, a large number of water point committees have been created nationally. At least half of the existing water points in rural areas in Namibia are faulty and dysfunctional, however, and the majority of people are still struggling to access clean water. The study endeavoured to examine key considerations that have a positive impact on the success of the management of the rural water supply in Namibia, using the Ohangwena Region as a case study. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study. The findings from the study affirmed that governance, leadership attributes of the committee members, training and capacity building, level of community involvement, coordination and support are critical success factors for effective management of rural water supplies. Finally, a rural water management model was developed, which is anticipated to contribute towards improved management of rural water provision in the study area.