bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Choreography of Talent Development in Higher Education
Authors: Khalid Fahdia
Published: November 2018

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are undergoing financial, structural and cultural transformation. With the marketization of higher education, ‘war for talent’ is also gaining momentum. As bars are raised on evaluating academics’ performance, the human resources and academic leadership need to rethink their approach to talent identification, development, and deployment. The staff development function needs some adaptations to sustain in this knowledge-intensive industry. In the light of literature review and professional reflection, I argue academics as ‘the talent’ for any higher education institution. This paper discusses talent development in higher education and advocates ‘an exclusive’ approach to their professional development. It unpacks the three levels of HEIs talent development needs and presents a framework to meet them. The paper also elaborates on the interventions that are favourable for the fulfilment of academics’ and institution’s talent development needs. It finally proposes areas for further research.
Evolution of Individual Status in International Law
Authors: Momani Sayel Mofleh , Al-Jubouri Maher Saleh , Al-Dabbas Noor Akef
Published: November 2018

Each legal system has individuals who are addressed with its rules and that the legal rules of the legal system are designed to regulate the relationship between these individuals, and one individual can have legal personality in more than one legal system.

The legal personality of these individuals is highlighted by the relationship between them and the legal system in which arranges for them rights and impose obligations on them.

The rights and duties of a legal person are not the same; they vary from person to person within the same legal system, and vary from one legal system to another.

With regard to the international legal order, it has its own international legal persons, foremost among them States.

As for the individual, his legal status under general international law is still not clearly defined and is a subject of controversy among the jurists and interpreters of international law. We will present the position of international jurisprudence on the status of the individual in the first demand, the rules of international law that address individuals directly in a second demand, and the right to submit complaints and claims at the international level in a third demand.
The Role of the Agent Bank and the Specificity of Its Legal Status in the Syndicate Loan (A Comparative Study)
Authors: Al-kateb Mohammed Shein , Al-Dabbas Noor Akief , Al-Sharaiyri Qais Enizan
Published: November 2018

This study dealt with one of the most important parties to the syndicate loan contract which is the agent's bank, which is entrusted with the task of managing the daily loan. The task of this bank begins immediately after the end of the work of the organized bank and signing of the loan contract by its parties. The role of the agent's bank in the syndication loan was determined through this study, starting from appointing it through the tasks entrusted to it and ending with the termination of its powers and throughout the term of the loan, the role of this bank is a set of legal relations. The parties to the loan contract have certain specificity with respect to the responsibility of each party towards executing the contract in accordance with the agreed provisions and the required standards. This research requires the legal status of this bank in accordance with the different legal principles in the countries in which this loan originated, as well as the orientations of banks in the international markets. Accordingly, these relations were rooted in Jordanian law in the absence of legislation regulating syndicated loan contracts and the role of the agent bank. This study concluded that this bank is considered a special agent unless the Bank makes the same agent expressly - conclusively or factually - in a position that renders it liable to one of the parties for the duties of the agency for which the confidence of the secretariat is subdivided.
The Third-Party Revocation Action System: Status Quo, Theoretical Controversy and Improvement
Authors: Liang Zheni
Published: November 2018

The third-party revocation action is a new system established in the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China of 2012. Although the academic community is quite controversial, it is undeniable that due to the increasing use of the judicial system to infringe on the rights and interests of others. For example, infringement of the lawful rights and interests of the parties or third parties through false litigation, malicious litigation, imposing litigation, etc., the third-party revocation action as a system that can effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of third parties outside the case has great practical significance in China. Therefore, how to better understand and apply the third-party revocation system has become a problem that must be paid attention to by the current theoretical and practical circles. On the basis of introducing the system of revocation of the third party in China, the article discusses the existing problems such as the scope of the parties, the litigation procedure and the application of similar procedures.The article proposes that the third party with independent claim and the third party without independent claim should be brought into the scope of the third-party revocation action’s subject. As for the choice of the procedure, the procedure of first instance should be applied to the trial of the third-party revocation action. When a lawsuit and an application for retrial by an outsider can be applied simultaneously, the litigant can only be allowed to choose one procedure. If the litigant simultaneously initiates a lawsuit for cancellation by a third party and the outsider applies for retrial, the third-party revocation action shall be applied preferentially.
Economic Cost of Diabetes in Ampara District in Sri Lanka
Authors: Lebbe S. M. Ahamed , Rinosha K. Fathima
Published: November 2018

Economic cost of diabetes comprises of two components, viz. the direct cost and indirect cost. Doctor consultation fees, transportation cost, cost of blood and urine tests, and cost of medication constitute the direct cost. Short term morbidity and permanent disability due to diabetes result in inability to work, which accounts for the indirect cost. The objective of the study was to measure the economic cost of diabetic patients in Sainthamaruthu Divisional Secretariat Area of Ampara district in Sri Lanka. The research area of this study was Sainthamaruthu Township in Ampara district, where the burden of diabetes is higher than in other places. This study used primary and secondary data, both qualitative and quantitative. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire. Sample was selected through the stratified sampling method from 243 patients. 100 questionnaires were distributed through the random sampling method. For the data analysis this study used cross-sectional descriptive method. The direct cost and indirect cost of diabetes was estimated by cost of illness method. Analysis was performed through SPSS and Excel. This survey found that the monthly average direct cost per patient in Sainthamaruthu Divisional Secretariat Area was US $19. A breakdown gives monthly average doctor consultation fees of US $5.15, monthly average transportation cost of US $1.12, monthly average cost for urine test US $0.47, monthly average cost for blood test US $1.32, and monthly average medication cost of US $10.93. To these must be added monthly average indirect cost of US $68.94. This is made up of US $49.20 lost per patient per month for permanent disability and US $19.74 lost per patient per month for short term morbidity. Therefore, the monthly average economic cost amounted to US $87.93 per patient. At the same time, a higher level of economic cost is borne by the male and lower cost borne by the income group that earned between US $175 and US $350. 54 percent of patients depend on their families to meet their diabetes related expenditure. So the major part of the cost of diabetes care is imposed on the families of diabetic patients in the study area. And it just proves to be a big economic burden on them.
Reconfiguration of Arab and Middle Eastern Regions beyond Political and Economic Threats
Authors: Al-Fawwaz Abdulrahman
Published: November 2018

Arab world and Middle Eastern region have suffered from wars and conflicts, which have resulted in creating a negative impact on the economy. In the past years, few studies have focused on discussing the impact of democratization in the Middle East and Arab region. The citizens of the Middle East region have suffered from authoritative style of governance. The democratic system is ideal for the Middle East region. It ensures that the basic fundamental rights of the citizens are protected. There are various factors, which provide hindrance in the adaptation of democratic system in both regions. This study explores major problems faced in the implantation of democratization system in the Middle East. Furthermore, the merits and demerits associated with the democratization system have also been highlighted. It has been evaluated that democratization system is beneficial for the Middle Eastern region. The implementation of democratization would be helpful in delivering benefits to the citizens. In a democratic system, the opinion of the public is considered in formulating policies. However, authoritative style of leadership and governess could cause hindrance in delivering benefits to the citizens. Thus, it can be concluded that democratization system is well-suited for Middle East region specifically. Moreover, present political setup or regime has failed to provide facilities to the public. So, public awareness should be created towards a limited democratization system as it has the capability of delivering benefits across all the sectors.
Resurgence of Ethno-Religious Sentiment against Muslims in Sri Lanka: Recent Anti-Muslim Violence in Ampara and Kandy
Authors: Lastname Firstname
Published: November 2018

The recent upsurge of violence against Muslims in various parts of Sri Lanka has grabbed the attention of popular discourses. However, little scholarly analysis has dealt with the recent rise of anti-Muslim sentiment and violence in the country, particularly the violence in Ampara and Kandy. As such, this article explores the implications and root causes of violence in Ampara and Kandy. This article is descriptive and interpretative in nature and mainly relies on secondary data. The article reveals that the violence in Ampara and Kandy unleashed by Sinhala Buddhist hardliners with complicity of law enforcement agencies caused much damage on the mosques, businesses and properties of Muslims. I argue that phobia against growing Muslim population, myth of sterilization pills, and economic jealousy and rivalry between Muslims and Sinhalese are the root causes of the violence against Muslims in Ampara and Kandy with some other sub-factors associated with it. Thus, there is a desperate need of better managing human and social security of all groups in the country, especially ethno-religious minorities.
LDC Infrastructure Development in the Era of 'Nationalistic Rhetoric': Do International Investments Agreements Still Mitigate Sovereign Risk and If Not, Does It Matter?
Authors: Marshall William
Published: November 2018

Less Developed Countries (LDCs) provide enormous opportunities for companies involved in the development of infrastructure. LDCs couple significant need with often insufficient 'in country' capability or expertise, meaning that foreign companies willing to expand operations into LDCs can find interesting and profitable opportunities. International infrastructure development naturally brings with it the sovereign risks associated with contracting with the government of a LDC. During the last thirty years, governments of LDCs have actively sought the execution of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) with other nations in an attempt to mitigate the appearance of sovereign risk and encourage greater international investment. This has included encouraging foreign companies in the delivery of infrastructure projects.

In the last five years, however, worldwide political support for IIAs seems to be waning, as nationalism and populism threatens to replace globalism and multiculturalism as the dominant economic and political theories in the USA, Europe and Great Britain. In a global political landscape dominated by nationalistic rhetoric, we are unlikely to see continued popular support for the protection of foreign companies against national interests by way of IIAs. We are likely to see not only fewer new IIAs, but conceivably governments revoking their agreement to existing IIAs coupled with waning support for ICSID arbitrations. The author submits, however, that there will not necessarily be a marked increase in sovereign risk as a direct result, and that LDCs will continue to provide worthwhile markets and opportunities for infrastructure development.

The author submits that IIAs never in any event provided complete protection, and that protection against sovereign risk remains available through the underlying contract and in many cases, through political risk insurance. Further, international participants should look at projects with shorter timeframes to secure the return on investment, and avoiding taking sole risk on project by operating in joint ventures.
Water Access Today and Tomorrow: Domestic Water Sustainability under Informal Water Supply Markets in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Dakyaga Francis , Kyessi Alphonce G. , Msami Joel M.
Published: November 2018

The article examined domestic water access sustainability under informally driven water supply market, drawing on suppliers-consumers’ perspectives. Analysis was done on the capacities of the informal water suppliers for sustainable water provision, how the informal water markets operate, and clients’ perspectives of water access today and tomorrow. Four different data set were comparatively analyzed from interviews with the Municipal Water Engineer (MWE), Ward Health Officer (WHO), 3 Mtaa leaders from 3 informal settlements, interviews with 43 informal water sellers from three informal settlements, including a survey of (n = 292) clients in three informal settlements. It was realized that though informal water suppliers are sociocultural capable of providing flexible and gender-sensitive water supply services, households have unsustainable access to improved water due to the financial, hydro-technical, institutional and organizational in capacities of the informal water sellers coupled with the low financial abilities of low-income earning households to continuously purchase water for domestic activities. It was observed that informal settlements’ dwellers are less likely to meet their water supply needs in the near future if their income status together with the financial, hydro-technical, organizational and institutional capacities of the informal water sellers are not improved.
Determinants and Change in Total Factor Productivity of Smallholder Maize Production in Southern Zambia
Authors: Mumba Moses , Edriss Abdi-Khalil
Published: November 2018

Smallholder maize production in Zambia has been characterised by low productivity despite concerted efforts at improving the situation as is evident in budgetary allocations to programmes such as the Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP). The study assessed if there was a change in total factor productivity (TFP) in smallholder maize production in Southern Province of Zambia between the 2010/11 and 2013/14 agricultural seasons. Using a balanced panel of 778 smallholder farmers, a Stochastic Frontier Analysis was used to estimate the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) in measuring the productivity change in maize production. The change in TFP was further decomposed into its components, efficiency change (EC) and technical change (TC) so as to understand more on the change in productivity. It was found that over the period of study, the mean EC was 0.8734, implying that technical efficiency (TE) had declined by 12.7 % with the mean TFP of 0.9401, indicating that over the study period TFP had fallen by 5.99 %. The results further showed that the age of the farmer, education of the farmer, household size, membership to a farmer organization, ownership of cattle, access to credit, and drought stress were significant (ρ<0.05) factors in explaining TFP. In light of the findings, some recommendations were made for policy including the need to facilitate farmers’ access to credit, sensitize farmers on the benefits of belonging to farmer organizations, on ownership of livestock such as cattle and for massive investment in irrigation infrastructure.
Why Goat Farming in Northern Communal Areas of Namibia Is not Commercialised: The Case of Ogongo Constituency
Authors: Togarepi Cecil , Thomas Benisiu , Mika Namutenya Hilka
Published: November 2018

In Namibia, goat products are not found in the formal markets include retail shops. This is despite several attempts by the government of Namibia to promote goat products in the formal sector. At household level however, goat meat is a delicacy. This study therefore seeks to provide possible reasons for the unavailability of goat products in Northern Namibia focussing on the supply side of the goat market. A structured survey questionnaire was employed among 75 goat farmers in Ogongo Constituency, Omusati Region in North Central Namibia. The data sought included production, offtake and marketing of goats as well as challenges faced. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and multiple linear regression was employed to determine the factors influencing offtake rate. The offtake rate (percent of goats sold) was estimated as 2.8% from the data, which is very low. The offtake rate was significantly influenced by age of the head of household (p<0.01), education level of the household head (p<0.01) and marital status (p<0.01). On the other hand, goat production was affected by other challenges such as unavailability of marketing infrastructure, diseases, grazing shortages, and frequent droughts. The implications of these findings on policy include provision of incentives to farmers to sale as well as providing marketing infrastructure. Thus the study recommends the sensitization of communal farmers on economic potential of selling goats to alleviate poverty and to improve livelihoods through income generation.
Meta-Analysis of Storm Water Impacts in Urbanized Cities Including Runoff Control and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Ariaratnam Samuel T.
Published: November 2018

The rate of urbanization has been impacted by global economic growth. A strong economy results in more people moving to already crowded urban centers to take advantage of increased employment opportunities often resulting in sprawling of the urban area. More natural land resources are being exploited to accommodate these anthropogenic activities. Subsequently, numerous natural land resources such as green areas or porous soil, which are less flood-prone and more permeable are being converted into buildings, parking lots, roads and underground utilities that are less permeable to storm water runoff from rain events. With the diminishing of the natural landscape that can drain storm water during a rainfall event, urban underground drainage systems are being designed and built to tackle the excess runoff resulting from urbanization. However, the rapid pace of urbanization has profoundly affected the formation of urban runoff thus resulting in the existing underground drainage system being unable to handle current flow conditions. This paper discusses storm water impacts in urbanized areas globally by reviewing historical storm water events and mitigation strategies accompanied with runoff reduction performance that are considered simultaneously for the purpose of relieving the stress on underground drainage systems. It was found that the stormwater impact on ten selected typical urban areas were enormously destructive followed by billions of direct economy loss, fatalities, damaged properties and residents’ relocations. Furthermore, the meta-analysis of selected six runoff mitigation methods indicated that the average runoff reduction percent ranged from 43% to 61% under different rain events in various installed sites across different event years.
Traditional Kitchen Design for Sustainable Low-Income Dwellings in Developing Countries
Authors: Atamewan Eugene E. , Otu Ekpo E
Published: November 2018

The place of kitchens in contemporary designs is quite different from the traditional designs in terms of location, aesthetics and furnishing. Thus, this paper discussed development in kitchen designs over the past centuries and place emphasis on sustainable low-income kitchen design. The study examined the location of kitchens in contemporary dwellings in comparison with traditional dwellings in order to create a hybrid kitchen design that is sustainable, attainable and acceptable to contemporary and traditional individuals. Research methodology involved descriptive survey; with primary data obtained using structured questionnaire, systematic observation and interview with occupants of buildings in Awi community,  Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria which is the study area. These were complemented with photographs of kitchens in the existing buildings within the area of study. 50 buildings purposely selected were studied to determine the designs, and placement/location of kitchens in these buildings in relation to the contemporary buildings respectively. Finally, the data collected were analyzed using simple statistical tool to obtain percentages, rankings and relative significance index (RSI) respectively to determine the reasons for the design and location of the kitchen. The result shows that of the five variables examined, cultural influence was the most significant reason for the location of kitchens outside the housing unit. The recommendation is that low-income dwelling should have kitchen space within in addition to the attached or detached kitchens in their dwellings.
Partitioning (Facade) and Identity in the Historical Context Case of Zonouz City
Authors: Zonouz Hassan Khalili
Published: November 2018

City, identity, and urban landscape are interconnected with each other. Urban restoration is the final objective of the study and implementation of partitioning in historical contexts. The identity of city and its determining urban elements were always discussed while the urban passages are the most prominent elements in creating the historical context of urban landscape. The present study aimed at investigating the implementation of favorable partitions by considering vitality in historical contexts. This study analyzed the identity, originality, and partitioning to apply the principles defining a logical solution and creating the sense of belonging, collective memories, sense of place, and points related to environmental psychology in the historical contexts. Using some landscape architecture principles by considering some parameters such as originality, identity, and social-cultural elements can contribute to idealizing the identity partitioning to historical contexts and its adjacent points in urban areas. As a result, the identity concepts and parameters can interpret the partitions in terms of thought, design, and implementation of the principles used in the architecture.
Culturas y creencias malentendidas dentro y fuera de la clase de L2 para inmigrantes adultos
Authors: Merino Jular Elena
Published: November 2018

Cette recherche ethnographique essaye de découvrir quel type de malentendus ils peuvent surgir entre trois immigrants adultes récemment arrivés à Barcelone et une personne espagnole pendant la conversation, en anglais. En plus, nous nous proposons de détecter les croyances ou idéologies qui apparaissent dans le discours de chaque interlocuteur afin de déterminer leur incidence dans le développement interactif. À cet effet, on a observé 15 classes de L2 (catalan et castillan) pour des immigrants adultes et on a effectué 11 entretiens. Concrètement, dans cette étude limitée nous analyserons la conversation et le discours des entretiens qui ont été menés à bien entre la chercheuse et trois informateurs, deux personnes du Pakistan et une autre de Bangladesh. Les résultats montrent que non pas tous les malentendus qui surgissent sont dus à la différence culturelle mais qu'il en existe d'autres que, à cause d'une suite de valeurs, croyances et idéologies diverses pour chaque interlocuteur, influencent leur réaction. En dépendant du type de malentendu (plus ou moins recelé, plus ou moins idéologique) l'effet produit tendra à être plus ou moins négatif. Finalement, on espère que ces résultats puissent être appliqués dans le domaine d'enseignement de deuxièmes langues pour des immigrants, puisque c'est là où on peut commencer à comprendre, gérer et transmettre dès le début les points les plus conflictuels de la communication interculturelle.
La lectura compartida d’un àlbum sense text en una aula d'acollida
Authors: Pérez Ventayol Montserrat
Published: November 2018

Los álbumes sin texto pueden ser un material muy adecuado para fomentar las producciones orales en la lengua de aprendizaje del alumnado inmigrante. La reconstrucción de la historia a partir de las ilustraciones crea un espacio propicio para la elaboración de respuestas interpretativas y, en el marco de una dinámica de lectura compartida entre todo el grupo, se puede generar el intercambio y la discusión entre el alumnado. Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo el formato de lectura compartida de un álbum sin texto constituye un buen recurso para el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas en catalán de un grupo de alumnos inmigrantes, ya que promueve la participación a la hora de interpretar y dar respuestas a lo que ocurre en el álbum. Las conclusiones se basan en un estudio realizado en un aula de acogida de un instituto de secundaria del área metropolitana de Barcelona donde jóvenes discutían el álbum de El soldadito de plomo de Jörge Müller.
Insights towards Native and Non-Native ELT Educators
Authors: Villalobos Ulate Nuria
Published: November 2018

A detailed analysis is provided here of the concept, perceptions and attitudes towards native and non-native English speaking teachers. The notion that the ideal language educator is a native speaker is explained and questioned, and examples of the unfair treatment non-native speakers of English sometimes receive are given. The strengths in both NESTs and NNESTs are highlighted.
El rol de los saberes previos, la mediación y el intercambio en la lectura de un álbum
Authors: Fittipaldi Martina
Published: November 2018

This paper describes a reading project conducted with two groups of children in their first year of secondary education (ESO) at a state-run school in Sant Joan Despí: one group of six Catalan children and another of six first-generation immigrant children from different parts of the world. Both groups carried out a shared reading of the picture book "Emigrantes" ("The Arrival") by Australian illustrator Shaun Tan, together with discussion sessions, interviews and activities to select illustrations and produce texts. Using data collection tools, this study analyses the different features that the children pointed out when reading the images: mainly the use of light, colour, movement and perspective, and the materiality of the book and its production process. Analysis of the elements recognised by the children, of the functions they ascribe to each of these, and of the widening and changes in perspective generated in interaction situations, leads us to reflect on the importance of the previous knowledge that readers bring into play when approaching a picture book, and on the importance of mediation and exchange in the reading of complex picture books.
La escritura reflexiva para acceder a y potenciar la experiencia de lectura de un poema
Authors: Cavalli Munizaga Daniela
Published: November 2018

This paper shows the results of a study that was conducted as a final research project for a master degree program, and then became the beginning of a doctoral thesis. The study looked into the potential that reflective and intermediary writing had for accessing and stimulating the reading experience of a poem by high school students. From the analysis of six texts written by three students it was seen that this kind of writing allowed to gain knowledge about the personal reading experience, and that it contributed to develop literary skills specific to poetic genre. It also showed some problems that went beyond the field of poetry and reflective writing but still affected their teaching and learning processes.
Virtual collaboration, ‘perezhivanie’ and teacher learning: A socio-cultural-historical perspective
Authors: Antoniadou Victoria
Published: November 2018

This article discusses specific examples of virtually mediated interactions involving two transatlantic groups of student-teachers who engaged in a task-based telecollaborative project for the purposes of a teacher education course. The Vygotskyan framework of learning and development and particularly the construct of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in a collaborative frame serve as the theoretical basis of this study. This article aims to: (1) analyze the essentially language-mediated interactions to trace instantiations of virtual collaboration developmentally (2) discuss teacher learning outcomes of the (tele)collaborative activity, and (3) examine learning as expansion of what was explicitly proposed as objectives of the course, resulting from reasoned action i.e., reflection on the process and outcomes of the activity. The findings suggest that the effective integration of telecollaborative activities in pre-service teacher education programmes can enhance teacher learning in significant ways.
Les connaissances implicites et explicites en grammaire : quelle importance pour l’enseignement? Quelles conséquences?
Authors: Nadeau Marie , Fisher Carole
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a review of research in cognitive psychology on implicit and explicit knowledge and learning from the point of view of written French didactic, focusing on its silent morphology, in order to draw consequences for teaching. Standard grammar exercises are then examined for the type of knowledge they require: to what extent do they prepare the students to write and revise their texts ? We show that most exercises are not adequate to develop either explicit or implicit knowledge of grammar.. Finally, initial results of an experimentation of two types of activities developping explicit grammatical knowledge, no error dictation and sentence of the day, are presented. Results are positive: experiments in 21classes of primary and secondary education show a strong effect on the ability of students to achieve grammatical agreements in French.
La théorie de la transposition didactique: un outil conceptuel pour décrire les savoirs grammaticaux élaborés en classe par les élèves
Authors: Gauvin Isabelle , Boivin Marie-Claude
Published: November 2018

The aim of our research is the description of the grammatical knowledge elaborated by students in the course of verb agreement instruction. This description is achieved through the analysis of the role played by the interactions between the three poles of the didactic triangle (student, teacher and content) in the construction of the content taught.Chevallard’s theory (1985/1991) of didactic transposition constitutes the cornerstone of our work. The concepts of external didactic transposition (content to be taught) and internal didactic transposition (content actually taught) will be used to analyze didactical interactions. As a conceptual instrument, we use the pair chronogenesis/topogenesis to describe the transition from content to be taught to content actually taught and learned.This article focuses on the conceptual and methodological aspects associated with the study of didactic interactions in the classroom; results will be presented only in order to illustrate our approach, which lies within the theoretical framework of the didactic transposition theory.
Language Learning, Ecological Validity, and Innovation under Conditions of Superdiversity
Authors: Thorne Steven L.
Published: November 2018

Este artículo describe tres propuestas pedagógicas orientadas a promover el aprendizaje de lenguas en la educación superior. También pretende discutir la importancia del aprendizaje continua de la primera lengua (L1) y lenguas extranjeras  y/o adicionales  (L2) para el éxito académico y profesional. Primero se describe un proyecto titulado Language-Integrated Knowledge Education (LIKE), que tiene el objeto de explicitar los recursos lingüísticos necesarios para participar plenamente en contextos académicos, tanto de forma oral como escrita, en el L1 y otras lenguas de los estudiantes de educación superior. En el segundo proyecto se describe los beneficios y las razones para ampliar el uso de intercambio intercultural y virtual dentro del campo de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, así como el uso del diálogo intercultural y virtual en clases de disciplinas específicas (es decir, con enfoque no lingüística). El tercer proyecto, presentado más brevemente como una pieza conceptual, explora el uso del aprendizaje basado en el uso de juegos móviles con GPS para poder llevar los recursos y las actividades de aprendizaje de lenguas fuera de las aulas. Cada una de las tres propuestas es a la vez modesta y ambiciosa. Son modestas en que combinan elementos de enfoques pedagógicos ya existentes en el campo de la enseñanza de lenguas, como son la telecolaboración, el aprendizaje integrado de contenido y  lengua extrajera (AICLE), portfolios (carpetas) y la utilización de las tecnologías móviles y experiencias de realidad aumentada para aprender idiomas. Son ambiciosos, ya que cada uno parte desde contextos tradicionales de aprendizaje de lenguas (por ejemplo, los departamentos de lenguas modernas), a la vez que fomenta la amplia y sistemática integración de la enseñanza de idiomas con tipos de actividades no tradicionales, incluyendo otras disciplinas académicas (el proyecto LIKE), comunidades virtuales y entornos fuera de las aulas (juegos de móvil habilitado con GPS).
‘A Lighthouse on the Beach’ Stories, Metaphors, and Anecdotes in Teachers’ Personal Recounts
Authors: Ben Said Selim
Published: November 2018

Recent interest in teacher identity in general and language teachers’ identity in particular has shown that although identity research can be contentious, its examination can cast light on the process of teacher development. In fact, the role of identity in teacher development has been promoted as a key analytical framework. In this study exploring narratives elicited from interview data, I examine how a novice teacher develops more confidence in her role(s) as a teacher by recounting stories based both on her imagined identity as a teacher but also on her practical experience in the classroom. Along with the stories shared by the teacher, she intuitively reflects on her professional identity through the use of metaphors and anecdotes. These under-researched aspects of narrative inquiry are presented in the paper as symbolic discursive proxies that the teacher uses to carve out a space of self-definition within the teacher community of practice.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOAKING TEMPERATURE OF NITRIDED WCL TOOL STEEL (EN-X37CrMoV5-1) ON THE MICROHARDNESS AND TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR OF THE SURFACE LAYER
Authors: DWORAK Michał , BARYLSKI Adrian , ANIOŁEK Krzysztof , STEPANOVA Elizaveta
Published: November 2018

The present paper refers to the evaluation of the influence of soaking temperature of nitrided hot work tool steel, X37CrMoV5-1 (WCL), intended for dies for extruding aluminium profiles, on the structure, microhardness, and tribological wear of the nitrided layer. The research involved nitrided steel specimens (X37CrMoV5-1) soaked for 8 hours in an industrial furnace at temperatures of 450°C, 480°C, 520°C, 560°C, and 600°C. For comparison purposes, a REFERENCES material was used, which was not soaked after nitriding. Initially, as the soaking temperature raised, the microhardness of the nitrided layer increased by ca. 10%; however, a further increase in the soaking temperature to more than 450°C caused a decrease in the microhardness of the nitrided layer. The results of tribological tests showed that soaking nitrided steel at a low temperature (450°C) and high temperature (600°C) caused a decrease in tribological wear. Out of the tested materials, the highest microhardness of the upper layer was observed in the samples soaked at 450°C, while the highest resistance to tribological wear was obtained for the samples soaked at 600°C. The conducted tests indicate the possibility of extending the lifetime of dies made from the investigated nitrided steel.
TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR OF WHEEL RIMS IN RAIL VEHICLES IN OPERATING CONDITIONS
Authors: GUZOWSKI Stanisław , MICHNEJ Maciej , ZAJĄC Grzegorz
Published: November 2018

Wheel sets as elements determine the reliability and safety in railway traffic demand ensuring high technological and quality standards at the stage of production and exploitation. Not satisfying these conditions may result in, among others, premature wear of wheels in the wheel sets, in turn a shortening between-repair running periods and increasing the exploitation costs of rail vehicles. The authors, based on carried out tests, analysed the influence of not satisfying proper parameters of heat treatment of wheel rims on tribological wear on their surface. This especially concerns abrasive wear of wheel rims and damages of the spalling type on the wheel thread surface in wheel sets.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF THE FRICTION
PROCESS OF SLIDING BEARINGS USING
A STATISTICAL APPROACH
Authors: LEPIARCZYK Dariusz , GAWĘDZKI Wacław , TARNOWSKI Jerzy
Published: November 2018

During the friction processes in a sliding bearing complex, phenomena occur
that are included amongst the most difficult and complex problems in
tribological studies. Therefore, there is a need for a systematic application of
modern diagnostic methods and statistical tools to correctly interpret the
operating status of the sliding bearing. The use of these tools is designed to
ensure proper operational functioning of the tribological system. The paper
presents the test results in the form of thermograms and their subsequent
processing with the use of statistical tools. The tests were performed on
a laboratory stand with the bearing operating in the presence of a lubricant and
with the bearing operating in conditions of technical dry friction. FLIR
ResearchIR and STATISTICA software were used for the analysis of the
temperature distribution. Final remarks contain the conclusions of the research
and recommendations for further study.
OPERATING CONDITIONS OF SLIDE BEARINGS OF MILLS USED IN KGHM POLSKA MIEDŹ S.A.
Authors: OLSZEWSKI Artur , ŁUBIŃSKI Jacek Igor , PAWLOS Witold , KUŹBA Bogdan
Published: November 2018

The paper contains the results from a technical analysis of the conditions of the operation of hydrodynamic bearings supporting the drums of ore processing mills at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. A theoretical analysis was performed on the grounds of onsite examination and measurements of principal dimensions of the bearings of interest. The computer simulation covered the characteristics of the oil film in the bearings as a function of bearing clearance, load, lubricant viscosity, and journal tilting in relation to two planes (horizontal and vertical). The results of the analysis indicate that the bearings currently operate close to maximum capacity and that there is a significant deflection of the bearing journals under the applied joint load of the drum’s own weight and the process load of grinders and slurry. The current extent of tilting can cause oil film breakage at the bearing’s edge. The result of calculations amended by bearings’ examination and measurements allowed the formulations of conclusions regarding the current state of the bearings and evaluated load conditions. Guidelines were established for later developments in the capacity and reliability of the bearings.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF JOURNAL’S HELICAL GROOVE ON THE WEAR AND LOAD CAPACITY OF THE SLIDING BEARING
Authors: TOMCZEWSKI Leszek , SĘP Jarosław
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of a sliding bearing with a helical groove on a journal. The studies included wear tests with contaminated lubrication oil and computer simulation of oil flow based on which the load capacity of a bearing was determined. The 7 bearings with different variants of helical grooves on journal bearings and classical bearings were studied. It was found that the helical groove on the journal makes it possible to significantly reduce the wear of the bearing in the case of oil contamination with hard particles. It was also shown that the groove on the journal ensures an effective reduction in wear and does not result in a significant reduction of load capacity.
RESEARCH IDEA AND METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING TEST PARAMETERS FOR THE LUBRICITY EVALUATION OF OIL/REFRIGERANT MIXTURES
Authors: GÓRNY Kasper , STACHOWIAK Arkadiusz , TYCZEWSKI Przemysław , ZWIERZYCKI Wiesław
Published: November 2018

The problems with lubrication in refrigeration compressors are usually caused by the presence of the oil-refrigerant mixture in friction nodes. One cannot assess lubricity properties of oil under its operating conditions based on test results that characterize oil exclusively. For this purpose, it is necessary to test the lubricity properties of the oil-refrigerant mixture. The article presents the concept of an assessment method for the lubricity properties of oils for refrigeration compressors in a mixture with a refrigerant. The essential elements of the proposed method are the procedure for selecting wear test duration time (τt) and the oil-refrigerant mixture formation time (τm).
EVALUATION OF LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES OF MINERAL OILS WITH REFRIGERANT R600A
Authors: GÓRNY Kasper , STACHOWIAK Arkadiusz , TYCZEWSKI Przemysław , ZWIERZYCKI Wiesław
Published: November 2018

Current legal regulations concerning ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gases result in a dynamic return to the use of natural refrigerants such as hydrocarbons. However, they are gases included in the A3 (combustible) security group, and that is why they are now mainly used in devices with low performance (mainly in household refrigerators). The most widely used hydrocarbon as a refrigerant in this group of devices is R600a (isobutene). The article presents a comparative assessment of the lubricity properties of oil-refrigerant mixtures of three mineral oils with R600a. The assessment was based on a sample wear volume of the block-on-ring node under the conditions approximating the operation of the compressor after an extensive standstill period. The oil/refrigerant mixture was obtained as a result of an appropriately extended mutual contact of both substances in a closed chamber.
DIFFUSION LAYERS FORMED ON STEEL AND THEIR WEAR BEHAVIOUR
Authors: SENATORSKI Jan , TACIKOWSKI Jan , MĄCZYŃSKI Paweł
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of investigations of wear resistance by friction, employing the “3 cylinder-cone” method, of selected structural and tool steels, subjected to given thermo-chemical treatment, i.e. boriding, carburizing, nitriding and chromizing. It was observed that a proportionality exists between their wear resistance and the value of surface unit loading. Moreover, the friction-wear properties of these layers exhibited certain differences, dependent on their microstructure and chemistry.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON GAS FOIL BEARINGS WITH POLYMER COATING AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
Authors: ŻYWICA Grzegorz , BAGIŃSKI Paweł , ANDREARCZYK Artur
Published: November 2018

As demand for high-performance fluid-flow machines (including micro-turbines) increases across the globe, new non-conventional bearing systems are needed. In the last years, specialized technical solutions involving the use of gas foil bearings have been progressively introduced. The application of carefully selected, thin foils as key parts of foil bearings ensures stable operation of the rotor, which is supported by such bearings, even at very high rotational speeds. The article discusses the tests performed on the foil bearings incorporating a friction relieving polymer coating. The research was conducted on an advanced test rig allowing the experiments to be run at high speeds and elevated temperatures, which is in conditions that are typical for micro-turbine operation. The measurements of bearing components’ temperature and vibration levels were carried out at various rotational speeds. The tested bearings were also assessed from the point of view of wear and durability. Conducted research demonstrated that the carefully selected materials that were used to manufacture foil bearings’ key components have successfully contributed to achieving reliable operation within a wide range of rotational speeds, providing very good dynamic properties for the rotor.
STUDY OF RESISTANCE TO ABRASIVE WEAR
OF MULTICOMPONENT POLYOXYMETHYLENE
COMPOSITES
Authors: CAPANIDIS Dymitry , KOWALEWSKI Piotr , KRAUZE Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of the comparative tribological study of the
resistance of multicomponent polyoxymethylene (POM) composites to abrasive
wear. The fillers for the studied POM matrix composites were a PTFE powder,
the bronze powder, chopped glass fibre, and glass microballs, which were used
both individually and in various combinations. Quantities of the composites
were developed based on the simplex plan of the experiment. For the research,
a Tester T-07 was used as a test stand. The study was conducted in the presence of loose abrasive, electrocorundum F90, subjected to the same conditions of
friction for all the tested composites. The study has shown that the most
effective compound in increasing resistance to the abrasive wear of the POM
composites is the powder of bronze and the hybrid glass filler; whereas, the
PTFE powder caused a slight reduction in the resistance to abrasive wear. In
order to explain the mechanism of the abrasive wear of the studied composites,
a microscopic examination of their friction surface before and after friction was
conducted. Based on that study, the effect of particular fillers on the abrasive
wear resistance of the tested POM composites was determined.
THE INFLUENCE OF KINEMATIC CONDITIONS OF SLIDE/ROLL FRICTION ON THE WEAR OF PE-UHMW
Authors: KOWALEWSKI Piotr , WOŹNIAK Filip
Published: November 2018

The paper describes a study of steel 316L – polyethylene PE-UHMW friction couple during the slip-roll motion. The analysis is focused on the linear wear of polymer plates at various rolling-to-slip ratio values. Kinematic parameters of the friction nodes were angular velocity of the steel cylinder – ω, and the linear speed of the polymer plate – vp. In the experiment, the geometrical slip speeds were constant (s = 25 mm/s for each case). The constant geometrical slip speeds for different values of the plate speed (traverse of the contact point) vp allowed the determination of the influence of that parameter on the linear wear of the polymer component. The research showed the impact of plate speed (the contact point's traverse) vp on the values of the linear wear of the polyethylene, and the polymer's linear wear increase at the extreme ratios of the slip-roll motion (vp = 0, ω = 0).