bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically Lacunary Statistical Equivalent Sequences of Fuzzy Numbers - doi: 10.5269/bspm.v30i2.14007
Authors: Esi Ayhan , Çatalbas Necdet
Published: September 2019

In this article we present the following definition which is natural combination of the definition for asymptotically equivalent and lacunary statistical convergence of fuzzy numbers. Let =(k_{r}) be a lacunary sequence. The two sequnces X  = (X_{k}) and Y=(Y_{k}) of fuzzy numbers are said to be asymptotically lacunary statistical equivalent to multiple L provided that for every >0lim_{r}(1/(h_{r}))|{k∈I_{r}:d(((X_{k})/(Y_{k})),L)≥}|=0.
Graduate Students’ Needs for a Mentoring Program in a Saudi Context
Authors: AL-Garni Shorouq Ali , Al-Muhammadi Khawlah , AL-Sulami Abrar , Shukri Nadia
Published: September 2019

Mentoring programmes are very common in many educational environments, especially for MA students. This study focuses on MA students' needs for a mentoring programme in the ELI of king Abdul-Aziz University (KAU), Saudi Arabia. It examines the type of services that graduate students might need in the mentoring programme. The sample of participants were 30 MA students in TESOL at KAU. The data was collected through distributing a questionnaire consisting of 21 questions in which 19 items were open-ended questions and 2 items were closed-ended questions. The study followed a mixed method approach. The closed-ended questions were analysed quantitatively while the open-ended questions were analysed thematically. The findings showed that MA students are in urgent need of a mentoring programme that offers academic support, library services, and other support services like psychological counselling and guidance with MA dissertations. This study is a thorough literary work since it focuses on the needs of MA students in the Saudi context before the actual implementation of the mentoring programme. It also suggests that after a period of initiating the mentoring programme, a survey can be sent to MA students via email to ask about their opinions of it and any further recommendations to enhance it. Finally, it suggests that further research can be tackled from the male perspective through investigating their needs.
Caso Paine, episodio Collipeumo, contra Juan Francisco Luzoro Montenegro: el primer civil condenado por crímenes contra la humanidad en Chile
Authors: Jara Bustos Francisco , Ugás Tapia Francisco Javier
Published: September 2019

En el presente artículo son revisadas las decisiones definitivas adoptadas por la justicia chilena en el caso Paine, Episodio Collipeumo, en el cual fue condenado Juan Francisco Luzoro Montenegro, a la pena única de 20 años de presidio más accesorias, convirtiéndose en el primer civil condenado por delitos de lesa humanidadEn la primera parte se informa acerca de la represión impuesta por la dictadura en la localidad de Paine, centrándose, seguidamente, en los hechos que dan origen al caso que motivó la condena de este civil. Luego, se expone la historia judicial del caso, enfatizando las decisiones adoptadas en relación a Luzoro Montenegro, y, posteriormente, se analiza la condena de civiles en . crímenes de lesa humanidad, considerando algunos aspectos históricos, normativos y doctrinales relevantes.
Criptomonedas, economía y derecho
Authors: Barroilhet Agustin
Published: September 2019

En este artículo sugiero que mientras el derecho tradicional no sea capaz de generar una respuesta coherente y transversal para regular las criptomonedas, y en general, para regular los bienes virtuales, la regulación que busque evitar su mal uso debiera ser la mínima necesaria para cumplir con el objetivo de política estrictamente definido. Todavía no hemos desarrollado las categorías conceptuales adecuadas para regular un fenómeno tan nuevo y, además, desde un punto de vista práctico y financiero, las criptomonedas no han alcanzado importancia suficiente para justificar el esfuerzo regulatorio que las monedas tradicionales demandan. Mi argumento se suma a otras voces que han advertido que las sugerencias por regular las criptomonedas, más que inhibir su desarrollo, corren el riesgo de introducir regulaciones inefectivas y superficiales, que sin embargo pueden dañar a actores particulares, como los nuevos adoptantes y los que quieran experimentar con las tecnologías relacionadas.
Los humedales y su protección en el Derecho Internacional
Authors: Amstein Desplanque Samantha
Published: September 2019

Los humedales son ecosistemas complejos, por la gran variedad de formas que pueden adoptar, lo que dificulta su identificación y protección, y que revisten gran relevancia para en la mantención de la biodiversidad y para las actividades de las comunidades cercanas. Son conjuntos frágiles, que han sido degradados por la intervención humana, el cambio climático, y al desconocimiento general que existe respecto a su importancia. La Convención de Ramsar sobre Zonas Húmedas de Importancia Internacional Especialmente como Hábitat de las Aves Acuáticas, que tiene por objeto la protección de humedales, fue suscrita por Chile en 1971 y entró en vigencia en 1981. Pese a lo anterior, en Chile y otros países suscriptores, la incorporación de dicho Tratado en la legislación nacional no necesariamente se ha traducido en una protección efectiva de los humedales. Los objetivos de este artículo consisten en examinar el ámbito de protección de la Convención de Ramsar y las diferencias que existen en su aplicación entre diversos países; para luego exponer qué medidas son necesarias para mejorarla y asegurar una protección efectiva de los humedales.
Las aguas del minero: definiciones jurisprudenciales, reforma al Código de Aguas y su necesaria reconfiguración práctica como solución a los desafíos ambientales contemporáneos
Authors: Alburquenque Troncoso Winston , Luengo Troncoso Sebastián
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo centra su estudio en la institución de las aguas del minero, ahondando en su reconfiguración normativa y jurisprudencial de acuerdo a los más recientes pronunciamientos de los Tribunales de Justicia. De esta manera se busca dar cuenta de las problemáticas actuales de los proyectos mineros, tanto en su evaluación ambiental como en su ejecución, junto con una propuesta del nuevo rol de los derechos de aprovechamiento de aguas del minero como solución a estos. Finalmente en el marco de la reforma al Código de Aguas se formulan una serie de propuestas a las modificaciones en trámite.
¿Susurros al viento?: Desempeño de la participación ciudadana en el SEIA
Authors: Costa Ezio , Belemmi Victoria
Published: September 2019

La institucionalidad ambiental ha incorporado a la participación ciuda-dana como un principio fundamental que contribuye a mejorar las decisiones ambientales, siendo expresión de ello su incorporación en el Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambien-tal (SEIA). En razón de lo anterior, el presente artículo evalúa el desempeño de la partici-pación ciudadana al interior del SEIA considerándola como una manifestación de la parti-cipación ciudadana en la gestión pública. Para ello se toma lo señalado por la Carta Ibe-roamericana de Participación Ciudadana, para analizar, conforme a la normativa existente y a la práctica jurisprudencial, el procedimiento participativo desde la óptica de tres de sus funciones: comunitaria, pública y privada. Esto, con el objetivo de identificar si es que a más de 20 años desde la entrada en vigencia de la Ley de Bases del Medio Ambiente, se cumple con los objetivos que supone la incorporación de la participación ciudadana en el SEIA.
La asistencia jurídica en materia ambiental: Desafíos en el marco del proceso de negociación del instrumento regional sobre los derechos de acceso a la información, participación y justicia ambiental
Authors: Burdiles Gabriela , Cofré Leonardo
Published: September 2019

El proceso de negociación de un instrumento regional sobre derechos de acceso en América Latina y el Caribe ha incluido en su actual borrador una disposición sobre el acceso a la justicia en materia ambiental (Artículo 9). En ella, se dispone expresa-mente la obligación de los Estados de contar con mecanismos de asistencia jurídica gratui-tos. En este trabajo se intentará desarrollar esta obligación, reflexionando cómo debiera diseñarse el sistema de ayuda legal en materia ambiental. Para ello, se explicarán las carac-terísticas particulares del acceso a la justicia en materia ambiental. Luego, se analizarán las opciones de diseño de la asistencia jurídica pública, tanto en términos generales, como de la asistencia jurídica en materia ambiental, haciendo referencia a ciertas experiencias latinoa-mericanas. Finalmente, se presentarán algunas reflexiones respecto a cuál modelo (judicare o staff) es más adecuado para responder a los desafíos de la defensa jurídica ambiental.
Criterios para determinar la compatibilidad entre la potestad invalidatoria y los recursos administrativos y judiciales de acuerdo a lo dispuesto al inciso final del artículo 17 N° 8 de la Ley N° 20.600
Authors: Carrasco Edesio , Benítez Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo examina el sentido y alcance de la norma de clausura dis-puesta en el inciso final del artículo 17 N° 8 de la Ley N° 20.600. Esta dispone que en caso que se haya interpuesto un recurso de reclamación por parte del responsable de un proyecto y/o por parte de quienes participaron del proceso de participación ciudadana y sus observa-ciones no fueron debidamente consideradas al momento de calificarse el proyecto, no se podrá ejercer la potestad invalidatoria del artículo 53 de la Ley Nº 19.880 una vez resueltos los recursos administrativos y jurisdiccionales o transcurridos los plazos legales para inter-ponerlos sin que se hayan deducido. Con ese fin, se revisa el régimen general de acciones para impugnar una resolución de calificación ambiental; se examinan las notas distintivas de la potestad invalidatoria; la jurisprudencia relevante sobre la materia; la historia legisla-tiva al respecto; y, se proponen criterios para su adecuada comprensión y compatibilidad dentro del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental.
Breve reflexión sobre cuatro conceptos jurídicos de participación ciudadana a propósito del Derecho Ambiental chileno
Authors: Aranda Ortega Jorge
Published: September 2019

El presente texto trata sobre cuatro conceptos jurídicos de participación ciudadana en materia ambiental. Los cuatro conceptos propuestos son: el formal procedimental; el sustantivo procesal; como un derecho político especificado, y; como principio jurídico. Estos cuatro conceptos existen simultáneamente, pese a aparecer en diferentes momentos, siendo recogidos por la jurisprudencia tanto en su sentido formal procedimental y como principio jurídico.
Control de Admisibilidad en el ingreso al SEIA
Authors: Pelayo Díaz Constanza , Linazasoro Izaskun
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo revisa los mecanismos de control anticipado del proceso de evaluación ambiental establecido en nuestro ordenamiento, en especial analizando el examen de admisibilidad de los proyectos sometidos al Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA). Luego de un levantamiento de información de los últimos proyectos ingresados al SEIA, y de aquellos no admitidos a tramitación, se identifican ciertas diferencias de criterios entre las autoridades ambientales de las distintas regiones del país al tomar esta determinación, las que analizamos en detalle, con el objeto de proponer ciertas consideraciones en el marco de la inminente modificación al SEIA.
La Agenda 2030 y sus Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Parra Cortés Rocío
Published: September 2019

Reconociendo la trascendencia de la Agenda 2030 y sus 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, el presente artículo delimita su ámbito de estudio a los antecedentes y perspectivas normativas del consumo y producción sostenible (CPS) en Chile. La primera parte da cuenta de los antecedentes, exponiendo el contexto normativo internacional a partir del cual surge la regulación de las modalidades de CPS. En seguida, se desarrollan someramente los alcances de la Agenda 2030 en esta materia. En cuanto a las perspectivas, la segunda parte del trabajo analiza la contratación pública sostenible como una especie de modalidad de CPS, presentando su estado normativo actual. Finalmente, a partir de los avances de la legislación comunitaria europea en esta área, se presenta una serie de aspectos que revelan desafíos regulatorios a nivel nacional.
El apoyo a las energías renovables a la luz del Sistema Mundial de Comercio. El rol de los Acuerdos de la Organización Mundial de Comercio en permitir el desarrollo de proyectos de energías renovables
Authors: Alfaro Zepeda Alamiro Andrés
Published: September 2019

The development of renewable energy projects is crucial to address many issues, from climate change to social and environmental demands. However, policies encouraging theses project may face resistance among WTO members, being contested under WTO panels. Different WTO member’s policies have been impugned regarding the so-called local requirements. Recent developments in the Appellate Body reports have shown that green policies or the support of renewable energy is compatible with the WTO law, directly or even under the general exceptions of the Article XX of the GATT. Nonetheless, the inclusion of national content requirements to access subsidies or benefits for renewable energy project are not allowed. Indeed, such measures violate the national treatment principle, one of the core principles of the world trading system.
La autodeterminación moderna: El derecho a la autonomía externa después de la Opinión Consultiva sobre Kosovo
Authors: Indacochea Jauregui Juan Manuel
Published: September 2019

En tiempos recientes, la práctica internacional viene brindando nuevos casos de secesiones pactadas, con el debido referéndum independentista de por medio, así como de rupturas violentas. Si bien las secesiones unilaterales no son bien vistas por la comunidad internacional, éstas no solo son posibles, sino que se han visto favorecidas con la Opinión Consultiva sobre Kosovo.
Hacia una escuela chilena de pensamiento político-jurídico antártico
Authors: Ferrada Walker Luis Valentín
Published: September 2019

Presentación de las Jornadas Chilenas de Derecho Antártico 2019 y del trabajo académico que se realiza actualmente sobre los temas político-jurídicos antárticos en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Chile.
Institucionalidad Antártica Chilena
Authors: Sanhueza Bezanilla Camilo
Published: September 2019

Se analizan las instituciones con competencias antárticas dentro de Estado de Chile así como los documentos directivos de la actividad antártica nacional. Se revisan las reuniones y foros internacionales en materia antártica que Chile participa. Finalmente se hacen algunos alcances respecto a la futura Ley Antártica Chilena. Todo lo anterior permite tener una visión general sobre la institucionalidad antártica chilena.
El conflicto político entre la regulación y desregulación de la bioprospección en la Antártica
Authors: Arroyo Cortes Cristián
Published: September 2019

La bioprospección ha sido un tema presente en las Reuniones Consultivas del Tratado Antártico desde hace varios años. Sin embargo, no han existido avances sustantivos en el establecimiento de regulaciones para esta actividad. Se analizan las discusiones sostenidas al respecto sobre estas materias.
Problemas asociados al procedimiento de calificación de servicios mínimos y equipos de emergencia, el rol de la Dirección del Trabajo y el control jurisdiccional.
Authors: Neira Reyes Francisco Javier
Published: September 2019

La Ley N° 20.940 consagró los servicios mínimos y equipos de emergencia asumiendo una visión de conflicto privado, alejándose de los fines tradicionales de esta institución laboral, la que se encuentra asociada al resguardo de derechos trascendentales de la comunidad. Esta situación se evidencia en la construcción del procedimiento administrativo y en la labor que ha asumido la Dirección del Trabajo, generando consecuencias respecto a las cuales el rol de los Tribunales resultará trascendental pero insuficiente, pudiendo esbozarse la necesidad de ajustes normativos.
A propósito de la nulidad del despido y la resolución de liquidación concursal. Comentario a la sentencia de la Corte Suprema Rol N° 31.772-2017 de 08 de marzo de 2018
Authors: Ruay Sáez Francisco
Published: September 2019

En el presente comentario de jurisprudencia pretendemos analizar el criterio actual de la Corte Suprema en materia de sanción de nulidad del despido y su relación con la dictación de una resolución de liquidación concursal en materia comercial.

Se expone de manera genérica cuál fue el escenario previo a la reforma, cuál ha sido la intención del legislador al modificar sustancialmente el modelo concursal chileno, a fin de plantear un análisis crítico del alcance de los mismos.
La colaboración procesal en el procedimiento laboral. Corte de Apelaciones de San Miguel. Rol N° 476-2016 (reforma laboral), 26/01/2017. Recurso de Nulidad Laboral
Authors: Cerón Reyes Roberto
Published: September 2019

Se examina la sentencia dictada por la Corte de Apelaciones de San Miguel, que resolvió recurso de nulidad laboral, rechazándolo. A propósito de las causales que motivaron la interposición del mismo, dicha magistratura se pronunció sobre los alcances del artículo 453 N° 5 del Código del Trabajo, referido a la exhibición documentos y a la facultad del juez para que, en caso de no ser presentados, estime probadas las alegaciones de la parte contraria. La resolución judicial determinó que en el caso de marras se aplicó correctamente la norma ya mencionada. En relación a ello, se presta atención a la aplicación de la colaboración procesal en el procedimiento laboral.
A negociação coletiva supranacional como mecanismo de proteção e reparação de direitos humanos trabalhistas violados por empresas transnacionais
Authors: Pamplona Danielle Anne , Castro Souza Cássio Bruno
Published: September 2019

A transnacionalização das empresas dificulta a sua responsabilização por violações de direitos humanos de seus trabalhadores e daqueles em sua cadeia de produção. Neste artigo, refletiu-se a respeito das potencialidades da negociação coletiva supranacional enquanto mecanismo para promoção e reparação de direitos humanos trabalhistas. Descobriu-se que as negociações coletivas supranacionais vêm sendo utilizadas desde a década de 1990 na Europa e na América do Sul para criação de direitos trabalhistas para empregados que vivam na União Europeia ou no Mercosul. O trabalho mostra que as dificuldades de responsabilização das empresas são reduzidas quando deveres jurídicos são atribuídos por negociação coletiva, cujo conteúdo é aceito como obrigatório em determinadas comunidades de países.
Economia Popular Solidária como Política Pública: Aportes possíveis para significação das relações de trabalho
Authors: Baron de Vargas Tuany , Opuszka Paulo Ricardo
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar as políticas públicas de Economia Solidária no Brasil, contextualizado seu desenvolvimento no contexto econômico e político em que se inserem. Ademais, será demonstrado que a Economia Solidária além de ser firmada no prisma da economia, cultura e política, surge, também, como um exemplo de indução ao desenvolvimento local com vistas à promoção da construção de condições ao estímulo e fomento de alternativas contra o desemprego e exclusão social, mediante um modelo alternativo aos modelos comuns do capitalismo. Além disso, nessa busca pela reorganização de mercado de trabalho, mesmo que com dificuldades, no Brasil já é possível identificar indicadores para proporcionar o traçado de estratégias para proteção das atividades nesse seguimento.
Governança Global e a Agenda do Trabalho Decente da Organização Internacional do Trabalho: implicações na reforma trabalhista do Brasil.
Authors: Antunes de Miranda Jose Alberto , Colomby Ortiz Fernanda
Published: September 2019

Esse artigo se propõe a realizar uma análise de pontos críticos da Reforma Trabalhista no Brasil a partir das recomendações emitidas pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho através do documento denominado «Agenda do Trabalho Decente» no qual a OIT estabelece objetivos principais e estratégicos, acerca de princípios e direitos fundamentais no trabalho. A metodologia utilizada é a fenomenológica, constatando os fatos para, a partir dos mesmos, tecer possibilidades explicativas com potencial de fornecer um quadro compreensivo da realidade que se tenta abranger. É realizada a revisão bibliográfica explorando o marco teórico de Niklas Luhmann. Conclui-se que o novo modelo legislativo não observa as questões sociais que permeiam as relações trabalhistas, principalmente aquelas relativas à proteção do trabalho da mulher, proteção do menor, promoção do emprego de qualidade e extensão da proteção social, conforme previsto nas recomendações estabelecidas pela OIT.
Martin Heidegger, Reiner Schürmann. Destrucción de la teo-onto-antropología y post-humanismo
Authors: Díaz Letelier Gonzalo
Published: September 2019

El trabajo de Reiner Schürmann sugiere una praxis teórica anárquica y ateológica para pensar la política en la época de la consumación/agotamiento técnico de la metafísica principial: la destrucción de la metafísica política ontoteológica (pars destruens) y la apertura de una politicidad no ontoteológica (pars construens) para habitar de un modo no sacrificial en la época de la anarquía. En este ensayo abordamos la parte destructiva de su analítica, aportando primero algunas indicaciones sobre el desmontaje de la estructura ontoteológica de la metafísica que opera Schürmann a partir de su lectura de Heidegger: su interpretación fenomenológica de la “verdad” como fantasma hegemónico (nómos hermenéutico-normativo fantasmático y excepcional). Luego intentamos exponer la lógica del gobierno implicada en el carácter nómico de la economía política ontoteológica –la conversión del singular/plural en particular/universal– a la luz de una remisión a la metafísica de Aristóteles, específicamente a su doctrina de las categorías y sobre la relación finalísticamente mediada entre potencia y acto. El horizonte de este ensayo es la consideración de una bifurcación ontológico-política en la fenomenología, en relación con la espectralidad, la cuestión del fundamento metafísico principial del habitar y el humanismo que deriva de ello.
Filosofía del nacimiento: aproximación desde la fenomenología corporeizada e intersubjetiva de Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Videla Reyes Ronnie , Cortez Burotto Marco
Published: September 2019

El presente estudio aborda el nacimiento como problema filosófico desde una perspectiva intersubjetiva y corporeizada derivada del análisis del Cuerpo y el Otro presente en la Fenomenología de la Percepción de Merleau-Ponty. A partir de lo anterior, se discuten las limitaciones que tendría la coexistencia (Mitdasein) de Heidegger y la Otredad de Lévinas enmarcada en la relación del rostro en su intento de aproximarse a una filosofía del nacimiento desde una perspectiva de mundo compartido (madre-padre-hijo). Además, se plantea la necesidad de incorporar al problema filosófico sobre el nacimiento tres etapas: embarazo-nacimiento-puerperio, ya que estas son fundamentales para ilustrar de manera profunda la dimensión relacional y corporeizada de este proceso que exhibe temporalidad e historicidad.
Entre la imposible acogida y la irremisible existencia. Hacia una fenomenología del sufrimiento en Lévinas
Authors: Zúñiga Iturra Bryan
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal dejar de manifiesto algunas notas fenomenológicas acerca del sufrimiento, teniendo como hilo conductor algunas de las ideas elaboradas por Emmanuel Lévinas. De este modo, mi intención en este texto es responder a la pregunta ¿cómo se manifiesta el sufrimiento a quiénes lo padecen? Así, con la finalidad de resolver esta inquietud este trabajo se estructura en dos momentos. En primer lugar, y siguiendo los planteamientos presentados en La souffrance inutile, estudiaré la dimensión corporal y sensible a través de la que se revela esta experiencia. En segundo lugar, y continuando la reflexión trazada por el autor en Le temps et l'autre y Totalité et infini, analizaré el carácter irremisible mediante el que nos aparece esta vivencia. Para concluir pondré en evidencia algunas de las principales notas del sufrimiento que deja de manifiesto esta indagación.
A Nanoscale Investigation of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits: An Atom-Scale Elemental and Isotopic Perspective
Authors: Gopon Phillip , Douglas James O. , Auger Maria A. , Hansen Lars , Wade Jon , Cline Jean S. , Robb Laurence J. , Moody Michael P.
Published: September 2019

Carlin-type gold deposits are one of the most important gold mineralization styles in the world. Despite their economic importance and the large volume of work that has been published, there remain crucial questions regarding their metallogenesis. Much of this uncertainty is due to the cryptic nature of the gold occurrence, with gold occurring as dispersed nanoscale inclusions within host pyrite rims that formed on earlier formed barren pyrite cores. The small size of the gold inclusions has made determining their nature within the host sulfides and the mechanisms by which they precipitated from the ore fluids particularly problematic.

This study combines high-resolution electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with atom probe tomography (APT) to constrain whether the gold occurs as nanospheres or is dispersed within the Carlin pyrites. APT offers the unique capability of obtaining major, minor, trace, and isotopic chemical information at near-atomic spatial resolution. We use this capability to investigate the atomic-scale distribution of trace elements within Carlin-type pyrite rims, as well as the relative differences of sulfur isotopes within the rim and core of gold-hosting pyrite.

We show that gold within a sample from the Turquoise Ridge deposit (Nevada) occurs within arsenian pyrite overgrowth (rims) that formed on a pyrite core. Furthermore, this As-rich rim does not contain nanonuggets of gold and instead contains dispersed lattice-bound Au within the pyrite crystal structure. The spatial correlation of gold and arsenic within our samples is consistent with increased local arsenic concentrations that enhanced the ability of arsenian pyrite to host dispersed gold (Kusebauch et al., 2019). We hypothesize that point defects in the lattice induced by the addition of arsenic to the pyrite structure facilitate the dissemination of gold. The lack of gold nanospheres in our study is consistent with previous work showing that dispersed gold in arsenian pyrite can occur in concentrations up to ~1:200 (gold/arsenic). We also report a method for determining the sulfur isotope ratios from atom probe data sets of pyrite (±As) that illustrates a relative change between the pyrite core and its Au and arsenian pyrite rim. This spatial variation confirms that the observed pyrite core-rim structure is due to two-stage growth involving a sedimentary or magmatic-hydrothermal core and hydrothermal rim, as opposed to precipitation from an evolving hydrothermal fluid.
The Influence of CO2 on the Solubility of Quartz in Single-Phase Hydrothermal Fluids: Implications for the Formation of Stockwork Veins in Porphyry Copper Deposits
Authors: Monecke Thomas , Monecke Jochen , Reynolds T. James
Published: September 2019

Porphyry copper deposits consist of low-grade stockwork and disseminated sulfide zones that contain characteristic vein generations formed during the evolution of the hydrothermal systems. The present contribution examines the influence of variable CO2 concentrations on the solubility of quartz in single-phase hydrothermal fluids forming stockwork veins in porphyry deposits at temperatures of 150° to 550°C and pressures ranging from 100 to 2,000 bar at concentrations up to 8 mol % CO2. The calculations demonstrate that quartz solubility in hydrothermal fluids decreases with increasing CO2 content. Retrograde quartz solubility is less pronounced in CO2-bearing fluids and is not observed in single-phase fluids having CO2 concentrations exceeding 6 mol %.

Despite the effects of CO2, retrograde quartz solubility plays an important role in the formation of porphyry stockwork veins that contain little or no quartz as a gangue mineral. At high temperatures and lithostatic pressure conditions below 900 bar, early biotite veins can form as a result of quasi-isobaric cooling of single-phase hydrothermal fluids under conditions of retrograde quartz solubility or near-constant quartz solubility. Stock-work veins consisting of molybdenite or hypogene copper sulfide minerals lacking quartz could form at temperatures of up to 450°C under hydrostatic pressures ranging from ~250 to 900 bar. In the presence of CO2, retrograde quartz solubility is shifted toward slightly lower temperatures at constant pressure. At temperatures below ≾375°C, quartz is precipitated during quasi-isobaric cooling irrespective of CO2 content of the hydrothermal fluids, resulting in the formation of late porphyry quartz veins.
The Carboniferous Shikebutai Iron Deposit in Western Tianshan, Northwestern China: Petrology, Fe-O-C-Si Isotopes, and Implications for Iron Pathways
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Mao Jingwen , Jiang Zongsheng , Santosh M. , Zhang Zuoheng , Duan Shigang , Wang Dachuan
Published: September 2019

Submarine volcanic-hosted iron deposits are important sources of iron ore in northwestern China. Here we present the petrological characteristics and coupled Fe-O, C, and Si isotope data of iron ores from the Shikebutai submarine volcanic-hosted hematite deposit in the Western Tianshan region. Several stratiform and lenticular hematite-dominated orebodies occur in Carboniferous submarine volcano-sedimentary sequences in this region. The ores are mainly composed of hematite, quartz, and minor siderite with distinct alternating iron-rich and silica-rich bands. The hematite shows δ56Fe and δ18O values in the range of –0.31 to 0.80‰ and 2.2 to 7.0‰, respectively, and the jasper yields δ30Si values of –1.90 to –1.20‰. Iron and Si were both derived from hydrothermal fluids related to submarine magmatism/volcanism. The Fe-bearing minerals in the Shikebutai deposit define distinct formation pathways. Hematite is the primary dehydrated Fe(III) oxyhydroxide, and the Fe isotope data indicate fractionation resulting from the partial oxidation of Fe(II). The O isotope data reflect inheritance from the submarine hydrothermal fluids source. Jasper was produced during coprecipitation of silica adsorbed onto the Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. The siderite-rich iron ore/volcaniclastic rock samples with a high and variable total organic carbon content (0.14–5.57%) show negative δ13C values (–3.0 to –1.1‰) and light δ56Fe values (–1.11 to –0.84‰). Our isotope data, together with the common occurrence of hematite inclusions in siderite, suggest that siderite was mainly produced by microbial dissimilatory iron reduction during diagenesis. The geologic, petrological, and isotopic data suggest that the Carboniferous Shikebutai deposit was precipitated through chemical and biogenic processes.
Re-evaluation of conditional probability of rupture of the Wellington-Hutt Valley segment of the Wellington Fault
Authors: Rhoades D.A. , Van Dissen R.J. , Langridge R.M. , Little T.A. , Ninis D. , Smith E.G.C. , Robinson R.
Published: September 2019

New information on the activity of the Wellington-Hutt Valley segment of the Wellington Fault, New Zealand, has become available from geological and modelling studies undertaken in the last several years as part of the “It’s Our Fault” project. There are now revised estimates of: 1) the timing of the most recent rupture, and the previous four older ruptures; 2) the size of single-event displacements; 3) the Holocene dextral slip rate; and 4) rupture statistics of the Wellington-Wairarapa fault-pair, as deduced from synthetic seismicity modelling. The conditional probability of rupture of this segment over the next 100 years is re-evaluated in light of this new information, assuming a renewal process framework. Four recurrence-time distributions (exponential, lognormal, Weibull and Brownian passage-time) are explored. The probability estimates take account of both data and parameter uncertainties. A sensitivity analysis is conducted, entertaining different bounds and shapes of the probability distributions of important fault rupture data and parameters. Important findings and conclusions include:

The estimated probability of rupture of the Wellington-Hutt Valley segment of the Wellington Fault in the next 100 years is ~11% (with sensitivity results ranging from 4% to 15%), and the probability of rupture in the next 50 years is about half of that (~5%).

In all cases, the inclusion of the new data has reduced the estimated probability of rupture of the Wellington Fault by ~50%, or more, compared to previous estimates.
Firm-Specific Attributes and the Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Nigeria
Authors: Chukwu Gospel J. , Damieibi Isoboye J. , Okoye Emma I.
Published: September 2019

This paper examines how firm-specific attributes affect the value relevance of summary accounting numbers in Nigeria. The paper also investigates whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) affects the relationship between the summary accounting numbers (book value of equity and earnings) and firm-specific characteristics (firm size, liquidity and leverage). Data from 54 firms in 10 sectors of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (covering a period of 6 years, 2009 to 2014, divided into 3 years pre-IFRS period and 3 years IFRS period) were analyzed based on the Ohlson (1995) model. Results from the analyses indicate that firm-specific characteristics affect the relationship between summary accounting numbers and market value, and this effect increased in the period after IFRS adoption. The implication of these findings is that firms seeking to improve their market values must work towards the firm-specific attributes that enhance firm value. By examining the effect of firm-specific attributes on the value relevance of accounting information using data from the Nigerian Stock Exchange, before and after IFRS adoption, this study fills a research gap.
Longevity of Nelore Cows of the Bolivian Tropics. Is It Possible to Explain It Through Productive Variables?
Authors: Ikeda Atsuko , Barbona Ivana , Hayashi Yoichiro , Pereira Juan A. , Marini Pablo R.
Published: September 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the longevity and its relationship with productive variables of Nelore cows in grazing systems of the Bolivian tropics. Retrospective data were used corresponding to 259 Nelore breed cows, primiparous and multiparous discarded with a total of 800 births, in the period between 2005 and 2019, belonging to the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacaní (CAISY) located in the San Juan Japanese Communities, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The variables analyzed were: Live weight of cow (WC) in kg, Weight of the calf at birth (WCB) in kg, Weight of calf at weaning (WCW) in kg, Total weight of weaned calf (WWC) in kg, Age at first calving (AFC) in months, Number of calvings (NC), Longevity (L) in days, Calf Index (CI) in kg, Accumulated Productivity (PAC) in kg, Total calf production (CP) in kg, Efficiency of Stock (ES) in kg. In order to respond to the main objective of this work, the relationship between the life longevity of the cow and the other productive variables was studied. For this, first principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out, by means of which the space dimension of the productive variables was reduced creating new linearly independent variables and in this way avoid problems of multicollinearity in the model, because the productive variables in some cases turned out to be correlated. Then, the first three main components that explain 77% of the total variability of the data were retained and interpreted as follows: The PC1 was high and directly correlated with the variables NC, Kg produced total, % of stock efficiency, PAC and Kg produced meat / day, therefore can be thought of as an indicator of "productive efficiency". PC2 was an indicator of "efficiency in rebreeding" since it presented altar and direct correlations with WC and AFC. PC3 was high and directly correlated with birth weight and weaning weight, which is interpreted as an indicator of "breeding efficiency". Finally, a multiple linear regression model was adjusted considering Longevity as a function of productive efficiency, breeding efficiency and rebreeding efficiency (p-value <0.0001 in the three cases). 87% of the total variability of L (days) is explained by the model. It is concluded that Longevity is related to productive indicators for this group of Nelore cows in grazing systems of the Bolivian tropics.
70 Jahre Grundgesetz und Europa: Passt das zusammen?
Authors: Franzius Claudio
Published: September 2019

Möchte man 70 Jahre Grundgesetz Revue passieren lassen, kommt man nicht umhin, auf das Bundesverfassungsgericht einzugehen. Das gilt in besonderem Maße für die Frage, wie sich das Grundgesetz zum europäischen Integrationsprozess verhält. Es werden einige Wegmarken genannt und am Beispiel eines aktuellen Falls aus dem kirchlichen Arbeitsrecht aufgezeigt, wie die Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts auf Begrenzungen des Integrationsprozess angelegte Verfahren provoziert, die nur mit Mühe „europarechtsfreundlich“ entschieden werden können. Das Grundgesetz ist aber nicht trotz, sondern wegen der Mitgliedschaft Deutschlands in der Europäischen Union als Erfolgsgeschichte zu bilanzieren.
Human perivascular stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate bone repair
Authors: Xu Jiajia , Wang Yiyun , Hsu Ching-Yun , Gao Yongxing , Meyers Carolyn Ann , Chang Leslie , Zhang Leititia , Broderick Kristen , Ding Catherine , Peault Bruno , Witwer Kenneth , James Aaron Watkins
Published: September 2019

The vascular wall is a source of progenitor cells that are able to induce skeletal repair, primarily by paracrine mechanisms. Here, the paracrine role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone healing was investigated. First, purified human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) were observed to induce mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic effects on osteoprogenitor cells while in non-contact co-culture via elaboration of EVs. PSC-derived EVs shared mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic properties of their parent cell. PSC-EV effects were dependent on surface-associated tetraspanins, as demonstrated by EV trypsinization, or neutralizing antibodies for CD9 or CD81. Moreover, shRNA knockdown in recipient cells demonstrated requirement for the CD9/CD81 binding partners IGSF8 and PTGFRN for EV bioactivity. Finally, PSC-EVs stimulated bone repair, and did so via stimulation of skeletal cell proliferation, migration, and osteodifferentiation. In sum, PSC-EVs mediate the same tissue repair effects of perivascular stem cells, and represent an ‘off-the-shelf’ alternative for bone tissue regeneration.
Profitability Analysis of BRRI Dhan 29 in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Mia Md. Shahin , Kaysar Md. Imrul , Kausar A. K. M. Golam , Islam M. S.
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted to analyse profitability of HYV Boro during the 2016 Boro season. BR-29 variety was selected for analysis as this variety is dominated among all Boro varieties in the study area. A total of 75 farmers were randomly selected from seven villages of Islampur Upazilla under Jamalpur district that produced BR-29 boro variety. Primary data collection was done from the randomly selected farmers. Functional analysis of cost and return were performed in this study. Cobb-Douglas production function was also used to determine the individual input effects on BR-29 production. Human labor, land cultivation, seed, fertilizer, manure, irrigation and pesticides were seven variables used. It was observed from the result that majority of the variables had shown significant impact on BR-29 Boro production value. This study also identified some problems faced by the farmers in producing BR-29 Boro rice. These were low price of output, scarcity and high wage rate of human labour, high irrigation cost, lack of credit facilities etc. Therefore, more research and extension are suggested to solve the farmers’ problems to increase production of Boro rice and to ensure food security in Bangladesh.
Evaluation of Iron Supplementation Effects on Plasma Lipid Levels in Pregnant Women
Authors: Omer Safa F. , Elnour Suaad , Modawe GadAllah
Published: September 2019

Backgrounds: Iron supplementation is most widely used approach of controlling the global problem of iron deficiency anemia especially in pregnant anemic women. Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Normal physiological changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin (Hb), Epidemiological studies have shown high serum iron concentrations following abnormal levels of blood lipids are risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Both iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidaemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especially in the Sudanese pregnant women.

Objectives: The aim of present study was to measure the serum level of lipids profile in anemic pregnant women compared to non anemic pregnant women.

Methodology and Study Population: The analytical case control study conducted in obstetrics and gynecology centre, Omdurman city, Khartoum state. One hundred subjects known with 50 pregnant anemic as case groups and 50 non anemic pregnant  women as control groups were enrolled in this study, with  match age and sex,  the age ranged between (20 to 40 years) and their mean (31.7±4.34). The serum lipid profile was analyzed using spectrophotometric method.

Results: The (mean±SD) of Hb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in anemic pregnant women respectively were (68.15±9.35, 46.06±9.62, 114.14±36.86, 170.38±54.57. 197.16±46.83). While the (mean±SD) of Hb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in non anemic pregnant women respectively were (79.76±7.22, 47.44±9.65, 140.00±40.76, 189.72±37.89, 224.38±45.09). The concentration of Hb was highly significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnant women with p value (p=0.000). The level serum of LDL, TG and TC were significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnant women with p value (p= 0.001, 0.042, 0.004) respectively.  The age of study population were no correlation with serum LDL(r= -0.155, p= 0.283), HDL(r= -0.019, p=0.898) and TC (r=0.68, p=0.640). And also their positive correlation between age and serum TG (r= 0.286, P=0.044).

Conclusion: The anemic pregnant women had a significantly decreased of Hb and serum LDL, TG and TC and also their positive correlation between age and serum TG.
Determination of combination therapy prescribing patterns for the treatment of acute agitation in psychiatric patients: A regression model of patient diagnoses and demographics
Authors: Maas Mark S. , Moeller Karen E. , Melton Brittany L.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Guidelines for the treatment of acute agitation typically recommend monotherapy with an antipsychotic or a benzodiazepine, but combination therapy is frequently used in practice. We created a regression model to identify which factors lead to the prescribing of combination therapy for acute agitation on a psychiatry unit.

Methods

We collected retrospective data from hospitalized patients in the psychiatry unit. An a priori alpha of 0.05 was used for binary logistic regression models to determine if and how the number of prescribed medications for acute agitation was influenced by: age, sex, race, cardiovascular comorbidities, and psychiatric diagnoses.

Results

We identified 1998 encounters from 1200 patients. Patients are significantly more likely to be prescribed combination therapy if they are young, male, and of non-white race or have a diagnosis of central nervous system stimulant use, hallucinogen use, depression, bipolar, cluster B personality, or psychosis. Patients are significantly more likely to be prescribed monotherapy if they have cardiovascular comorbidity or have neurocognitive disorder.

Discussion

Several demographic or diagnostic factors predict combination therapy prescribing. Acute agitation guidelines should be reviewed to include more clear instructions on combination therapy use.
Adverse outcomes of abrupt switch and discontinuation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in dementia with Lewy bodies: Case report and literature review
Authors: Greiman Tristyn L. , Dear Brittani N. , Wilkening G. Lucy
Published: September 2019

Due to the well-defined risks of abrupt discontinuation of certain psychiatric medications, such as withdrawal and worsening symptoms, guideline recommendations describe evidence-based strategies for tapering some psychiatric medications, such as antidepressants. Despite widespread use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ACHEI) therapy in the management of dementia, guideline recommendations for discontinuation of these therapies are very inconsistent. Specifically, studies and evidence-based recommendations for discontinuing ACHEIs in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are severely lacking. This deficit is problematic in that emerging reports suggest several adverse outcomes, such as worsening cognition and behavioral symptoms, are associated with abrupt switching and discontinuation of ACHEI therapy in this population. A case of rapid cognitive and functional decline following both abrupt switch and discontinuation of donepezil in a patient diagnosed with DLB is presented. A literature review of outcomes following changes in ACHEI therapy in DLB is also presented.
Lithium-induced hypercalcemia with normal parathyroid hormone: A case report
Authors: Dorflinger Charles , Fuller Matthew
Published: September 2019

Long-term use of lithium is a known risk factor for hypercalcemia often due to involvement of the parathyroid gland. Because of this, lithium-induced hypercalcemia typically occurs simultaneously with abnormal parathyroid hormone concentrations. This case report describes a 54-year-old white male who has received lithium therapy intermittently for more than 10 years. During admission to an acute inpatient psychiatric unit, the patient experienced hypercalcemia with normal parathyroid hormone concentrations and no other discernible cause. Based on the Naranjo algorithm, lithium was determined to be the probable cause of hypercalcemia. Current literature suggests that lithium-induced hypercalcemia occurs secondary to hyperparathyroidism; however, this case may provide evidence of another, unidentified cause.
Possible varenicline withdrawal-induced akathisia: A case report
Authors: Smith Thomas R. , Dabaja Marwah H. , Farhat Marwa J.
Published: September 2019

Akathisia is a relatively common adverse effect that may emerge during treatment with antipsychotics and other medication classes. We present a case of akathisia that may have been induced by the abrupt discontinuation of varenicline and review existing literature related to this phenomenon. A 46-year-old female with a past psychiatric history of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder was admitted to the acute psychiatric services department for suicidal ideation after 3 weeks of a new course of varenicline. This was prescribed for smoking cessation and titrated to 1 mg twice daily. Upon admission, the varenicline was discontinued. Roughly 3 days later, the patient began to complain of akathisia. The patient had experienced akathisia previously while taking antipsychotics for her bipolar disorder and was able to recognize its emergence. As the akathisia worsened, propranolol 10 mg 3 times daily was ordered and was effective in relieving her symptoms. A PubMed search using the terms varenicline, akathisia, withdrawal, and discontinuation was conducted. No literature of this phenomenon was found; however, reports of other extrapyramidal symptoms were noted. Considering the timing of varenicline's discontinuation and its mechanism, a pharmacological link between its use and akathisia is possible. Akathisia is a severely uncomfortable sequela of medications that may produce severe outcomes, such as suicidal ideation. In this case, it is possible that the discontinuation of varenicline after 3 weeks of therapy led to akathisia, which was successfully treated with propranolol.