bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of high planting densities and arrangements on yield and fruit development of Musa AAA Simmonds
Authors: Barrera Violet José Luis , Cartagena Jose Regulo , Nanclares Gómez Omar Alonso
Published: May 2020

Banana is one of the most abundantly consumed fruits in the world for its contribution to human nutrition, including an important content of potassium.  Given the social contribution of this crop in the cropping areas of Colombia, it is necessary to develop agronomic management strategies that contribute to increasing productivity and offering alternatives that regulate the effects of climate seasonality on banana production in the Urabá region of Colombia.  For this purpose, different planting densities (2,000, 2,500, 3,000 and 3,500 plants ha-1) and planting arrangements (triangle, rectangle and double furrow), plus a relative control (1,700 plants ha-1 under triangle arrangement), were evaluated in the banana cv. Williams.  The experimental design corresponded to randomized complete blocks in a 4 x 3 + 1 (densities x arrangements + control treatment at 1,700 plants ha-1) factorial arrangement.  During harvest, the following parameters were monitored:  bunch weight, number of hands and fingers per bunch, finger length and diameter, bunch ratio and percentage of loss per bunch.  Two analyses of variance were carried out, a general one including the control treatment, and an additional one excluding it. The double furrow planting arrangement favored the productivity of the crop in terms of a greater assimilation and lesser loss records at the bunch level.  The strong correlation of the studied variables with the double furrow arrangement became evident.
El diseño gráfico más allá de la experiencia visual-óptica
Authors: Peña Casallas Nicolás
Published: May 2020

Este artículo presenta una perspectiva epistemológica del diseño gráfico a partir de una concepción ampliada del concepto de visualidad. En lugar de considerar la visión como un hecho cognitivo y la visualidad como la condición de visibilidad de los artefactos, fenómenos que han significado en la disciplina la omisión del cuerpo y el interés por el objeto, el texto propone entender, desde los planteamientos teóricos de los estudios de cultura visual, la hermenéutica y la fenomenología, el acto de ver como un hecho cruzado  por todos los sentidos, con una intencionalidad y un carácter construido, que dependen del cuerpo y la alteridad, mas no de la objetividad. Al revelar al diseño gráfico como una experiencia más allá de la visual-óptica, se vivifica al cuerpo como la génesis de la experiencia creativa y de la semiosis de los artefactos diseñados, se traslada el énfasis del artefacto visual a la relación de interdependencia entre el sujeto y lo visto y se afianza la práctica en el campo como un ejercicio hermenéutico, aspectos que, a posteriori, buscan interrogar los modos de hacer, enseñar y analizar la disciplina.
Maquetas hápticas en 3D para niños con discapacidad visual. Un acercamiento a la ciudad histórica
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Adriana , De la Torre Sánchez Christian Enrique , Mejía Sánchez Jesús Manuel , Córdova Moreno Luis Gerardo
Published: May 2020

La línea de investigación Espacio Público, Participación Ciudadana y Centro Histórico de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (FABUAP) ha realizado proyectos de accesibilidad e inclusión social en los ámbitos urbano y arquitectónico, partiendo del reconocimiento de la diversidad y el fomento de la participación ciudadana. En este artículo se presenta la experiencia de elaboración,  evaluación e impresión de dos maquetas hápticas impresas en tecnología digital 3D, las cuales tenían dos propósitos: promover la accesibilidad al patrimonio urbano y arquitectónico del centro histórico de la ciudad de Puebla, México, entre niños con ceguera y debilidad visual y servir en la enseñanza de la movilidad autónoma de los menores.
Diseñar transiciones a través de microutopías
Authors: Molano Granados Ginna Soraya , Garzón Juan Carlos
Published: May 2020

El artículo presenta los desarrollos iniciales de una propuesta metodológica, dirigida a las organizaciones sociales, para aportar en los procesos de transformación desde sus propias visiones de futuros sostenibles. Esta metodología de carácter cualitativo emerge de contextos latinoamericanos y es el resultado de procesos de investigación-acción en un curso de diseño de la Universidad de Ibagué. El texto está dividido en cinco apartados. En el primero se plantean tres puntos para concebir el diseño de transiciones: la coyuntura socioambiental, la insuficiencia de las soluciones planteadas ante ella y el lugar de enunciación de la propuesta. En el segundo se interroga el papel del diseño en el proyecto capitalista y se traza un papel coherente con la búsqueda de cambio social. El tercero describe la propuesta metodológica en términos de las fases que la comprenden, seguido de la experiencia pedagógica de donde emerge, así como las reflexiones en torno a las prácticas de diseño. Por último, se esbozan algunas recomendaciones y reflexiones en torno al diseño de transiciones a través de las microutopías.
COVID-19: Perspectives on the Pandemic and its Incidence in Dentistry
Authors: Ramírez-Mora Tatiana , Retana-Lobo Cristina , Reyes-Carmona Jessie
Published: May 2020

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presenting with pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. The ongoing spread of COVID-19 worldwide is creating enormous uncertainty. In particular, the dental profession is facing a major challenge. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross-infection is elevated between patients and dental staff. The present review aimed to briefly discuss the overview of the disease, including the basic science, epidemiology, symptoms, routes of transmission and several topics that the authors believe are binding and relevant to the dental practice. The guidelines adopted by governments and international organizations also address all dental associations to protect the health of the community and to contain the spread of COVID-19 infection until a vaccine or an effective/validated treatment becomes available.
Branching onsets 2.0
Authors: Živanović Sašo
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a novel representation of branching onsets within the framework of Government Phonology 2. They are argued to be complex onset phrases, where the second member is directly embedded within the first and controls its head. The system predicts that for fricatives, the ability to become the first member of a branching onset depends on their place of articulation. In particular, [s]-like fricatives (S) are predicted to lack this ability, thereby explaining Kaye’s (1992) empirical generalization that SC clusters are never branching onsets.
A note on the strength of vowels
Authors: Enguehard Guillaume , Luo Xiaoliang
Published: May 2020

This paper is a modest contribution to the understanding of vocalic strength. Our aim is to show that the strength of consonants and the strength of vowels can be unified. For this, we propose that the only factor of strength is length. More precisely: branching segments are stronger and segments sharing their positions with other segments are weaker. We discuss several examples of phenomena related to vowels which illustrate this strength hierarchy.
Evaluation of the changes of the shoreline in Cua Tung in Quang Tri province before and after the construction of groin on the south riverbank of Ben Hai river
Authors: Chau Trinh Thi Giao , Minh Hoang Thi Binh , Lin Hoang Ngoc
Published: May 2020

The process of erosion-sedimentation of Cua Tung, Quang Tri province has been mentioned in previous studies, but there have been no studies that apply satellite images to evaluate the changes of shoreline before and after the construction of groin along the south of Ben Hai river. This paper aims to evaluate the changes and rate of erosion - sedimentation of Cua Tung shoreline before and after the construction, using Landsat satellite images from 1990 to 2017. We used Envi 5.0 to analyse and interpret multiple-spectral Landsat satellite images in combination with analysis algorithm to identify the shoreline change over the years by adopting the ratio image method by Gathot Winasor to separate water zone and shoreline zone automatically. We then calculated the rate of shoreline changes by the function DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) proposed by Thieler et al., in Avenue programming language in ArcView software. The results showed that the process of erosion-sedimentation in Cua Tung-Quang Tri from 1990 to 2017 was divided into 6 stages in which the stage of 2000–2005 had the clearest indication in the process of erosion-sedimentation. This research has demonstrated that GIS and remote sensing technologies have been good tools to assist policy maker in their decision-making to properly evaluate erosion-sedimentation in Cua Tung- Quang Tri, so that appropriate solutions will be delivered to guarantee the local socio-economic sustainable development.
Assessment of impacts of utilization on water resources in the basin of trans-boundary Red river system
Authors: Cuong Do Huy , Dan Nguyen Lap , Anh Bui Thi Bao , Nhan Nguyen Thi , Tung Nguyen Xuan , Hung Pham Duc , Linh Nguyen Thuy
Published: May 2020

The Red river system is the large trans-boundary river system, there has been no united system of hydrology stations as well as integrated plan for the water use and management in the whole basin. The trend of water resources change in the Red river system basin has been assessed on the basic of statistic analyses of data observed during the studies, especially in the time when the exploitation of water resources has been intensified for the multisectoral development. This paper shows some of the results from considerations of the water use in the highlands that is influential in water resources in the Red river system basin and the planned reservoirs which are built in the basin of Red river system. The results include the assessment of the state and trend of water resources in the Red river system basin, the trend of water level lowering in the lowlands and its impacts.
NGHIÊN CỨU MÂU THUẪN VÀ LỰA CHỌN ƯU TIÊN TRONG QUY HOẠCH TỔNG HỢP KHÔNG GIAN VEN BIỂN HUYỆN HẢI HẬU - NGHĨA HƯNG TỈNH NAM ĐỊNH
Authors: Lam Hoang Quoc , Thinh Nguyen An
Published: May 2020

Hai Hau - Nghia Hung are two coastal districts in the Southeast of Nam Dinh province with total area of 35,652.29 km2. Located in the middle between the Southern provinces of the Red river delta and the North Central provinces, Hai Hau and Nghia Hung are about 100 km from Hanoi along National Route 1A and 80 km from Hai Phong, in an area directly affected by the Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh growth triangle. The two districts have an approximately 47 km coastline accounting for over 65% of the coastline of the province. Along the coastline there are four rivers: Red river, So river, Ninh Co river and Day river emptying into the sea through the estuaries: Ba Lat, Ha Lan, Ninh Co and Day, which facilitate the development in industry, agriculture, sea ports, trade, tourism... This is also a region with high-speed economic development and a series of plannings. Thus, a number of conflicts in exploiting and using natural resources and environmental protection have been raised, leading to destroyed sceneries, lost ecological balance, and becoming an anxious problem. This paper presents experimental results in defining the conflicts and priorities between sectors and economic fields in integrated coastal space planning of Hai Hau - Nghia Hung districts to select the economic sectors that have the most potential and advantages. Therefore, it will be appropriate in space usage in exploiting and using natural resources and environmental protection, which will provide the basis for the development of a sustainable marine economy.
Initial evaluation of nitrogen uptake of Thalassia hemprichii in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
Authors: Thu Phan Minh , Hieu Nguyen Minh , Du Hoang Trung , Hanh Nguyen Kim , Mien Pham Thi , Thi Vo Hai , Dung] [Le Tran , Hieu Nguyen Trinh Duc
Published: May 2020

The uptake rate of nitrate by leaves and roots was simultaneously investigated in the seagrass T. hemprichii collected from Lo river, Nha Trang. The principle of nutrient uptake of seagrass was based on the approaches of the Michaelis-Menten model. The laboratory experiments of nitrate uptake were done the ranges of ambient nitrate concentrations in the separate water column of leaves and roots. The calculated results indicated that the nitrate uptake rate through the leaves was higher than that of the roots. The maximum uptake rate (Vmax) through the leaves and the roots was 1,777.0 mgN/g DW/h and 131.6 mgN/g DW/h, respectively. From these results, the nitrate uptake rate by the seagrass in Lo river was estimated at 52.2 mgNm-2h-1. The value plays an important role in developing and implementing plans for the protection and rehabilitation of seagrass beds in coastal areas.
Quality assessment of a multiple choice test through psychometric properties
Authors: Licona-Chávez Ana Livia , Montiel Boehringer Pierangeli Kay-to-py , Velázquez-Liaño Lupita Rachel
Published: May 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: Instruments for Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) assesment in health sciences must be designed to ensure validity and reliability. The present paper assesses the quality of a MCQs test in Research Methodology at the Faculty of Medicine at Xochicalco University. It establishes the basis to improve the quality of MCQs and is intended as a baseline for other universities. Methodology: The peer-reviewed test had 20 MCQs with three distractors with and a single correct response and 89 students took the exam. The tests were graded and analyzed to estimate difficulty index (DIF I), discrimination index (DI) and distractor efficiency (DE). Cronbach's alpha and ANOVA were calculated with SPSS. Results: The resulting DIF I (0.49) indicates that the test was moderately difficult, mean discrimination index of 0.25 means that the test has a regular quality to discriminate between skilled and unskilled students and needs to be checked, only 20% of the items were considered excellent and 5% were considered good questions. Alpha coefficient was 0.898 considered good for a MCQs assesment. ANOVA results showed no significant differences between groups. Discussion and Conclusion: This test shows a high percentage of moderatly difficult questions, is unbalanced and a reduction of Non Functional Distractors (NFDs) is needed. However the topic learned has the same standard across the different groups of students.
Modelo SIR com taxa de exposição para estudo da projeção de casos de COVID-19 no estado de Sergipe
Authors: Sandes Silvio , Freitas Augusto dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Utilizamos neste trabalho dois modelos para o estudo do comportamento da curva epidêmica da COVID-19 no estado de Sergipe entre os dias 14 de março de 2020 e 02 de maio de 2020: modelo SIR convencional e uma variante deste, que incorpora o número de indivíduos mais expostos ao contágio do que o restante da população. Construímos essa variante do modelo SIR com base em outro modelo proposto para descrever o surto epidêmico da COVID-19 na Coreia do Sul e em Portugal. No modelo SIR com exposição aqui proposto, introduzimos um fator de exposição, denominado β1/β2, que permite descrever a influência de fatores, como afastamento social, no espalhamento da doença. Em nosso trabalho, para fazer a comparação entre os dados obtidos via simulação e o número de casos oficialmente registrados no estado de Sergipe; consideramos que há entre três e nove casos reais para cada caso registrado oficialmente, que há indivíduos  com maior probabilidade de contágio do que outros, aqui denominados indivíduos expostos, e que o número de reprodução varia com o tempo, crescendo exponencialmente na fase início do surto epidêmico. Os resultados da simulação mostram que a taxa de contágio se encontra na faixa de 2,9 ou superior, região em que há maior concordância entre o modelo e dados coletados.
COVID-19 AND PATIENTS UNDERGOING PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Puga Maria Eduarda dos Santos , Rocha Aline Pereira da , Atallah Alvaro Nagib , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Reis Felipe Sebastião de Assis , Milby Keilla Martins , Civile Vinicius Tassoni , Carvas Junior Nelson , Santos Rodolfo Rodrigo Pereira , Ferla Laura Jantsch , Trevisani Giulia Fernandes Moça , Ramalho Gabriel Sodré , Puga Maria Eduarda dos Santos , Trevisani Virgínia Fernandes Moça
Published: May 2020

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: We propose to systematically review the available evidence to evaluate if patients with immune mediated or inflammatory diseases under pharmacological treatment with immunosuppressants, immunobiologics, DMARDs or targeted synthetic DMARDs have better or worse outcomes when infected by SARS-CoV-2. This study is a protocol for our rapid living systematic review. METHODS: Protocol for a rapid living systematic review methodology following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidance. To conduct the rapid systematic review, we will employ abbreviated systematic review methods, including: not performing independent screens of abstracts and not searching grey literature. As this will be a living review, it will be continuously updated.
Early properties of concrete with alkali-activated fly ash as partial cement replacement
Authors: Assi Lateef N. , Majdi Ali , Alhamadani Yasir , Ziehl Paul
Published: May 2020

Cement manufacture is one of the reasons for society's increasing carbon dioxide footprint. The development of a sustainable construction material is therefore needed to replace Portland cement fully or partially in building construction applications. Geopolymer concrete is a sustainable cementitious material, which is claimed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and utilise waste materials such as fly ash, metakaolin and blast-furnace slag. Fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete with an activating solution of a mixture of silica fume, sodium hydroxide and water was investigated. Four Portland cement replacement weight ratios (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of fly ash) were studied. The effects of the Portland cement replacement on the early geopolymerisation process, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio were investigated. Acoustic emission monitoring results showed that the early geopolymerisation process was enhanced when Portland cement replacement was increased. The compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were significantly increased when the Portland cement ratio increased, while Poisson's ratio was adversely affected.
Bond behaviour of oil palm broom fibres in concrete for eco-friendly construction
Authors: Momoh Emmanuel Owoichoechi , Osofero Adelaja Israel , Menshykov Oleksandr
Published: May 2020

Global awareness of climate change and sustainability has attracted research into the use of natural materials in construction. Recent studies on the ribs of the leaflets of the oil palm tree (known as oil palm broom fibre (OPBF)) have reported impressive physico-mechanical properties. However, information on their bond behaviour with cementitious matrices is presently lacking. This study investigated the bond strength of single and combined OPBF in concrete through direct pull-out tests. Maximum bond strengths of 1.16, 0.95 and 0.82 MPa were recorded at 28, 56 and 112 days, respectively. The influences of the age of the sample and the diameter of OPBF tendons on the bond strength were assessed. Images obtained from scanning electron microscopy reveal embrittlement of fibre surfaces by cement matrix. Finite-element modelling of the pull-out behaviour was also carried out using Abaqus software. The potential use of OPBF combined in the form of tendons as longitudinal reinforcement in concrete for lightly loaded structural elements is environmentally friendly and can reduce construction costs.
Efeito da auto liberação miofascial na força muscular em atletas de futebol feminino: ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Souza Samuel Miranda , Costa Neto José Fernando Pereira , Santos Jorge Eduardo Tavares
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: a variável força muscular (FM) na prática esportiva, sobretudo no futebol, é de extrema importância em atividades como chutes, disputas de bola, arrancadas e saltos. Além disso, permite identificar indivíduos que estão em grupos de risco para lesões. Assim, técnicas, como a auto liberação miofascial (ALM), vêm sendo utilizadas para o aprimoramento do desempenho esportivo e para prevenir lesões. OBJETIVO: verificar o efeito crônico da ALM na FM em atletas de futebol feminino. METODOLOGIA: este estudo trata-se de ensaio clínico randomizado. Participaram do estudo 14 atletas de futebol feminino. Inicialmente foram realizadas avaliações no aparelho dinamômetro isocinético dos extensores e flexores de joelho. As participantes foram divididas em dois grupos, um grupo intervenção (GI) e um grupo controle (GC). As participantes do GI realizaram um aquecimento associado à ALM com um foam roller. Já as participantes do GC, realizaram o mesmo aquecimento, porém sem a associação da ALM. Após 48 horas da última intervenção, foi realizada uma reavaliação no aparelho dinamômetro isocinético. RESULTADOS: não foram verificados efeitos significativos entre os grupos no pós-teste. Na comparação pré e pós-teste entre os grupos, houve uma piora significativa na variável pico de torque de extensão do membro inferior dominante no grupo que não fez a ALM (p = 0,013). CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que uma abordagem crônica de ALM não foi capaz de gerar mudanças significativas na FM dos extensores e flexores de joelho. Mais estudos são necessários para apoiar esses achados. Registro ReBEC: RBR-7qnxty.
Midbrain dopaminergic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells v1
Authors: Kunath Tilo , Chiu Szuping , Glendinning Sophie , Chen Yixi , Drummond Nicola , Canham Maurice
Published: May 2020

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons is described in this protocol. This protocol has been adapted from published protocols from three laboratories, Lorenz Studer (New York), Malin Parmar/Agnete Kirkeby (Lund), and Su-Chun Zhang (Madison). The relevant papers from these labs are PMIDs: 20362538, 22056989, 22813745, 28094017, 28858290, 22696177. This protocol instructs hESCs and hiPSCs to adopt a midbrain floor plate radial glia-like identity before maturation into mDA neurons with mixed substania nigra pars compacta and ventral tegemental area identity. It has been applied to more than 10 hESC and hiPSC lines in our laboratory, with some cell lines producing exceptional results, and others less so. Our version the protocol is published here PMID: 30472757.
ECOLOGICAL AND LEGAL CULTURE OF NATURAL RESERVEATION IN UKRAINE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHORNOBYL RADIATION AND ECOLOGICAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE)
Authors: Pozniak E.
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with the analysis of innovations in legal regulation for formation and providing of activities of Chornobyl Radiation and Ecolog- ical Biosphere Reserve within the Exclusion Zone and the Zone for the Unconditional (Obligatory) Resettlement in Ukraine.

Special attention is paid to the legal regime of Biosphere reserve, that provides the following: the national and international level of the legal protection and reproduction of fauna and flora and their habitat; preservation and reproduction of wildlife objects, included in the Red Book of the Threatened Animals and Plants; fundamental scientific research conducting and the prediction of further changes in the species and population status of wild animals and plants world; development of the ecological and legal culture of the society and individuals as a result of organization and implementation by the said Reserve of informational, educational, recreating, touristic, educational, and cognitiveactivities.

At the same time, this Biosphere reserve was created within a territory that for a long time has been ecologically and radioactively dangerous. The legal regime in Chornobyl Zone has provided a number of restrictions for living and performing certain types of activities. The author empha- sizes the need for deeper research of on the issue of the safety level for wild animals and plants within the area of the said Reserve, as well as the development of criteria for assessing the environmental and radioactive safety for wildlife.
JUDGES' LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
Authors: Ovcharenko O. , Podorozna T.
Published: May 2020

The article focuses on the judge's liability vilotaion of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. State of- ficials' wrongful acts result in liability of a state regardless of the fault of those officials are determined as axiomatic for the theory of law. The state agencies, where the officials are employed, are entitled to file regress suits in accordance with the procedure provided by law. In such a case, can- cellation or annulment of the wrongful act that causes damages, should not be regarded as a special precondition for the liability of the state official liable for committing such an act. The precondition of the liability of the official should be his or her fault. It is essential that the liability of a judge for issuing wrongful judicial acts, regarding his or her status, has its own peculiarities. First, according to international standards, liability of a judge for delivering an illegal judgment, that had causes financial damage and interfereance with personal rights and freedoms, is predetermined by his or her procedural independence and immunity. Secondly, compensation for losses incurred by the state as a result of a wrongful decision or conduct of a judge in the performance of his / her duties is established. In addition to this, the state has the right to bring regress suits against a judge who has caused such damages to individuals or legalentities.
Lipid peroxidation in rat cartilage under experimental osteoarthritis and administration of multiprobiotic
Authors: Korotkyi O. , Kot L. , Dvorshchenko K.
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of multiprobiotic on the content of lipid peroxidation products in rat cartilage during monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis.
The study was carried out on white non-linear, sexually mature male rats (weight 180-240g), according to general ethical principles of experiments on animals. All animals were divided into four experimental groups. The first group – Control: animals got injection into knee ligament 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of the animal weight daily for 14 days from the 8th to 22nd days. The second group – Multiprobiotic: animals got injection into knee ligament 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 140 mg / kg of multiprobiotic Symbiter® (Prolisok ", Ukraine) diluted in 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of animal weight. The third group, MIA-induced OA: animals got injection into knee ligament 1 mg of sodium monoiodacetate, dissolved in 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of the animal weight daily for 14 days from the 8th to 22nd days. The fourth group – MIA-induced OA + Multiprobiotic: animals got injection into knee ligament 0.05 ml of 1 mg of sodium monoiodacetate, dissolved in 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 140 mg / kg of multiprobiotic diluted in 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of animal weight. All animals were killed on day 30 of the experiment, according to the protocol of the ethics committee with rapid blood sampling. The content of the products of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) and oligopeptides was determined by the level of carbonyl derivatives that were detected in reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The content of diene conjugates was determined in the heptane-isopropanol extract by the spectrophotometric method, and of Schiff bases – by the fluorimetric method. The content of TBK-active compounds was determined by reaction with thiobarbituric acid.
It has been established that MIA-induced OA the content of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, TBK-active compounds, schiff bases) increases in the cartilage. It was shown that with the administration of multiprobiotic in animals with MIA-induced OA, the above indicators were restored.
Features of vegetation succession in the loess quarry of the brick factory in Novyi Tik village (Rivne region, Ukraine)
Authors: Bonchkovskyi A. , Bezsmertna O.
Published: May 2020

Termination of quarries is the reason for the settlement of pioneer plants, which exploit "free" areas of soil in a certain sequence, called successions. The theoretical foundations of restorative plant successions in the quarries are still relatively poorly developed, although there is much empirical research on the subject. The object of our study is the quarry of a brick factory located in the eastern outskirts of the village. Novy Tik (Demydiv district, Rivne region) in the central part of Volyn height, 27 km south of Lutsk. Since 2008, when the brick factory ceased to function in the quarry, there has been a primary plant succession, which is now at a youth stage and is characterized by an increase in biodiversity. As of autumn 2019, 72 plants spices have been identified in the quarry, including 6 species of trees, 1 species of shrubs and 65 species of grasses. According to the results of the systematic analyze, the Asteraceae and Fabaceae families predominate. The prevailing ecological groups of plants in the quarry are determined: in relation to lighting prevail heliophytes; in relation to the thermal regime, the largestproportion is made up of temperate-warm climate species; in the vegetation cover at the present stage of succession, Central European species prevail. Based on the analysis of the population of plant associations and the appearance of interspecific and intraspecific competition, it is established that plant succession in the studied quarry is at a youth stage. Also, heterochrony and microzonal differentiation of succession processes in different parts of the quarry are found. The difference in the passage of succession stages depending on the features of the relief is taken as the basis for the quarry microzoning. It has been established that at the present stage of vegetation succession, the determining factor in the qualitative and quantitative composition of plant communities is abiotic quarry factors, especially morphology and relief dynamics and lithological-stratigraphic structure of deposits. The initial stage of soil succession was revealed, which became possible due to the accumulation of a significant amount of mortmass in recent years.
Microbiological activity of soils by soybean with different variants of fertilization
Authors: Hudz S. , Skivka L. , Prysiazhniuk O. , Tsvei Ya.
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was comparative evaluation of microbiological processes occurring in the soil and rhizosphere during the soybean cultivation in the conditions of short-term rotation with the use of different fertilizer systems. Methods.The content of ammoniating, amylolytic, pedotrophic, oligotrophic, asporousmicroorganisms, and micromycetes was determined. The soil and rhizosphere microbiological processes were characterized by mineralization – immobilization, oligotrophism, and pedotrophism coefficients. The use of ecological and biological fertilizer systems was accompanied by the increase of ammoniating microorganisms in the soybean budding phase. The use of exclusively mineral fertilizers of soybean has only significantly increased the development of microorganisms which use nitrogen of mineral compounds. The number of oligotrophic microorganisms was the highest, indicating that the stocks of readily available nutrients were depleted and that humification processes were intensified. For the ecological system of fertilizers, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization-immobilization was 0.72-0.83, and for the biological system was the lowest 0.60-0.99. It confirms the equilibrium of the processes of mineralization and immobilization. The oligotrophic coefficients for the ecological and biological fertilizer systems at the stages of budding and browning of beans indicate the good availability of soil microbiota with easily digestible organic substances. The use of an ecological fertilizer system with a balanced combination of mineral and organic fertilizers and a biological fertilizer system with modern organic fertilizers and humates increases the activity of soil microbiota and improves the processes of organic compound transformation.
An Ecological Approach to Understanding Pervasive and Hidden Shame in Complex Trauma
Authors: Zhu Peitao , Lau Jared , Navalta Carryl P.
Published: May 2020

Shame has been argued to be a core issue in complex trauma; however, few efforts have been put forth to systematically examine the conceptual and empirical evidence to support this claim. This review, using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, presents a preliminary map of findings that highlight the pervasive and hidden shame in the ecological subsystems of complex trauma survivors. A psycho-social-cultural perspective was utilized to highlight the manifestation and disguising of shame in various contexts. Our review accentuates the centrality of shame in complex trauma and offers several ways in which mental health counselors can explicitly and systemically address shame in their work with complex trauma survivors. Implications for counselor training and future research are also discussed.
Geografía del envejecimiento en España y Portugal / Geography of aging in Spain and Portugal
Authors: Nieto Calmaestra José Antonio , Capote Lama Alberto
Published: May 2020

La llegada a la edad adulta de las generaciones del baby boom de los sesenta-setenta ha acentuado, tanto en España como en Portugal, un proceso de envejecimiento que ya se venía acusando como consecuencia, entre otros motivos, de la caída de la fecundidad, de una diferencial movilidad migratoria o del considerable aumento de la esperanza de vida, que ha sido posible gracias a los avances médico-sanitarios y a la mejora generalizada de las condiciones socioeconómicas. Este artículo pretende analizar cómo se ha plasmado en el territorio ibérico ese proceso de envejecimiento en las últimas dos décadas. Para ello se ha establecido una tipificación a escala municipal que permite observar tanto las tendencias evolutivas acontecidas en dicho periodo de tiempo, como el establecimiento de comparaciones entre territorios.L’arrivée à l’âge adulte de la génération du baby-boom, datant des années soixante et soixante-dix, a accentué, tant en Espagne comme au Portugal, un processus de vieillissement déjà accusé. En effet, ce dernier s’ajoute à la baisse de la fécondité ; un différentiel de mobilité migratoire ; une augmentation considérable de la durée de vie, rendue possible grâce aux progrès de la médecine et de la santé ; et à l’amélioration générale des conditions socio-économiques. Cet article vise à analyser comment ce processus de vieillissement s’est déroulé sur le territoire ibérique au cours des deux dernières décennies. Enfin, elle intègre une classification établie au niveau municipal afin de pouvoir observer à la fois les tendances évolutives apparues au cours de la dite période, et d’établir des comparaisons entre les territoires.The arrival in adulthood of the baby boom generation of the sixties and seventies has accentuated, both in Spain and in Portugal, an aging process that had already been named as a consequence of various factors: a fall in a differential migratory mobility, and a considerable increase in life expectancy thanks to medical-health advances and the general improvement of socio-economic conditions. This paper intends to analyze how this process of aging has taken place in the Iberian territory, in the last two decades. For this purpose, a classificatory model has been established at the municipal level in order to observe both the evolutionary tendencies during that period of time, and the establishment of comparisons between territories.
Aprovechamiento hidráulico histórico en la Sierra de Carrascoy, inmediaciones de la Torre de Inchola (Alhama de Murcia): el Caño del Barracón y el Caño de Inchola / Historical hydraulic exploitation in the hillside of Sierra de Carrascoy, surroundings of the Torre de Inchola (Alhama de Murcia, Spain): the ‘Caño de Barracón’ and the ‘Caño de Inchola’
Authors: Castejón Porcel Gregorio , Rabal Saura Gregorio
Published: May 2020

En el entorno de la atalaya de la Torre de Inchola (Alhama de Murcia) se ha constatado la existencia de tres infraestructuras hidráulicas de captación, conducción y almacenamiento de aguas utilizadas para el riego de un espacio de huerta histórica ubicado en el piedemonte de la umbría de la Sierra de Carrascoy. Estas constituyen ejemplos excelentes de la aplicación de técnicas tradicionales de obtención de recursos hídricos en medios de escasa pluviometría mediante el aprovechamiento de surgencias y aguas subálveas de cauces de caudal esporádico. De este modo, presentan rasgos comunes a otros complejos de esta tipología así como también ciertas particularidades de interés. En cuanto a su compleja datación cronológica, se presentan distintas hipótesis.Dans les environs de la Torre de Inchola (Alhama de Murcia) a été vérifiée l’existence de trois infrastructures hydrauliques (pour la collecte, la conduction et le stockage de l’eau) utilisées pour l’irrigation d’un potager historique dans les contreforts du coteau nord de la Sierra de Carrascoy. Il s’agit d’excellents exemples de l’application de techniques traditionnelles dans des conditions de faible pluviométrie en tirant parti des eaux des sources et des eaux souterraines des torrents. Elles présentent ainsi des traits communs à d’autres complexes de cette typologie ainsi que certaines particularités intéressantes. Concernant sa datation chronologique, différentes hypothèses sont présentées.In the surroundings of the Torre de Inchola (Alhama de Murcia), it has been verified the existence of three hydraulic infrastructures for the collection, conduction and storage of water used for the irrigatio of a historic orchard located in the northern piedmont of the Carrascoy Mountain Range. These are excellent examples of the application of traditional techniques for obtaining water resources in low rainfall areas by taking advantage of sources and subalveal waters from ravines with sporadic flow. In this way, they present features common to other complexes of this typology as well as certain peculiarities of interest. Regarding their chronological dating, different hypotheses are presented.
A gamma correction method based on constant-intensity images in phase-measuring profilometry
Authors: Zhao Xiaxia , Mo Rong , Chang Zhiyong , Lu Jin
Published: May 2020

Phase-measuring profilometry (PMP) is an important technique for image analysis in optical non-destructive testing (NDT). Its measurement accuracy is significantly affected by gamma distortion in the projector, which makes the projected sinusoidal fringe patterns non-sinusoidal. In
order to address this issue, a generic gamma non-linearity model based on constant-intensity images is proposed in this paper. In the proposed model, system defocus and noise are considered and analysed. It is demonstrated through theoretical derivation that the constant-intensity images remain
unchanged, with no additional frequency being produced. For this reason, system defocus is not modelled in the proposed gamma calibration model and the related defocus parameters need not be calculated, which reduces the complexity of the calculation. Any noise that exists in the optical measurement
system is another main factor influencing the greyscale levels of the image. A mutual information (MI)-based denoising method is proposed to reduce the noise and improve the accuracy of the gamma calibration. Furthermore, with the defocus analysis and the noise reducing method, a robust pixel-wise
gamma calibration method is introduced. The experimental results in this paper show that the proposed gamma calibration method is able to accurately calibrate the gamma non-linearity of the system. Moreover, the phase precision is significantly improved and a higher quality measurement is
achieved for the measured surfaces.
A Rapid Response Network to Record Aftershocks of the 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal
Authors: Karplus Marianne S. , Pant Mohan , Sapkota Soma Nath , Nábělek John , Velasco Aaron A. , Adhikari Lok Bijaya , Ghosh Abhijit , Klemperer Simon L. , Kuna Vaclav , Mendoza Manuel M. , Braunmiller Jochen
Published: May 2020

The Himalaya has experienced large damaging earthquakes over the past few centuries, most recently the damaging 25 April 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Because of the continued earthquake risk presented by the continental collisional plate boundary at the Main Himalayan thrust and the high population densities in the region, collecting and processing data related to recent large earthquakes in this region is critically important for improving our understanding of the regional tectonics and earthquake hazard. Following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we deployed a National Science Foundation-funded rapid-response aftershock network known as the Nepal Array Measuring Aftershock Seismicity Trailing Earthquake network across the rupture area for 11 months beginning 7 weeks after the mainshock. The network consisted of 41 broadband and short-period seismometers, and 14 strong-motion sensors at 46 sites across eastern and central Nepal. The network spanned a region approximately 210 km along strike by 110 km across strike with a station spacing of 20–25 km. In this article, we report lessons learned from this deployment as well as details of the publicly accessible dataset including data recovery, data quality, and potential for future research.
QUake-MD: Open-Source Code to Quantify Uncertainties in Magnitude–Depth Estimates of Earthquakes from Macroseismic Intensities
Authors: Provost Ludmila , Scotti Oona
Published: May 2020

This article presents a tool to quantify uncertainties in magnitude–depth (M-H) estimates for earthquakes associated with macroseismic intensity data. The tool is an open-source code written in Python and is named quantifying uncertainties in earthquakes’ magnitude and depth (QUake-MD). In QUake-MD, uncertainties are propagated from the individual intensity data point (IDP) to the final magnitude (M), depth (H), epicentral intensity (I0) solution. It also accounts for epistemic uncertainties associated with the use of different intensity prediction equations (IPEs). For each IPE, QUake-MD performs a sequential least-square inversion process to estimate the central M, H value. QUake-MD then explores the uncertainties around this central M, H solution by constructing a probability density function (PDF) constrained to be consistent with the range of plausible epicentral intensity I0, a plausible depth range, and IDP uncertainties. The resulting PDFs of all IPEs provided to QUake-MD are then stacked to obtain a final PDF of possible M, H, I0 solutions representative of both data quality and IPE epistemic uncertainties. This tool is geared toward end users who would like to grasp a more complete understanding of the uncertainties associated with historical earthquake parameters beyond the classical standard deviation values proposed today in parametric earthquake catalogs. We apply QUake-MD to two events of the SisFrance macroseismic database to illustrate the challenges involved in building realistic spaces of M, H, I0 solutions reflecting the quality of the data and the epistemic uncertainties in IPEs.
Menthol, Nicotine, and Flavoring Content of Capsule Cigarettes in the US
Authors: Schneller Liane M. , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Mahoney Martin C. , McCann Susan E. , O'Connor Richard J.
Published: May 2020

Objectives: In this paper, we characterize physical design features of cigarette brands sold in the United States according to the delivery method of menthol that may affect sensory perception among users. Methods: We used 12 cigarette brands, mentholated and non-mentholated,
for analyses of the physical design characteristics, quantification of nicotine and menthol, and identification of flavor additives. Results: Physical design characteristics did not differ significantly between the various cigarette brands. However, we found statistically significant
differences in levels of menthol. Menthol levels were greatest in products that had dual delivery methods of menthol (6.7mg/cigarette; SE = 0.27) followed by products mentholated in a filter capsule only (5.7mg/cigarette; SE = 0.25), and those mentholated in the tobacco only (3.8mg/cigarette;
SE = 0.12); products that were not mentholated had the least (0.38mg/cigarette; SE = 0.31). Finally, flavor additives with a mint flavor profile other than menthol were identified, such as pulegone and limonene, and differed between cigarette brands, which are likely contributing to the menthol
flavor experience associated with use of these products. Conclusions: The regulation of menthol delivery method, flavorings added to the capsule, and/or menthol concentration may be beneficial for the public health as these factors are likely creating unique sensory experiences.
Ultron: desmascarando os heróis
Authors: Silva Fábio De Oliveira
Published: May 2020

Faz quase uma década que os filmes de super-heróis levam milhões de pessoas ao cinema. Por óbvio que esse gênero de filme já existia, assim como as próprias HQ´s (Histórias em Quadrinhos). Contudo, seja pela evolução da tecnologia de filmagem e pós-produção, pelo marketing ou mesmo por aspectos econômicos, a realidade é que esses filmes, em especial da Marvel, transformaram a indústria do entretenimento. A grande base de seus personagens vem das criações de Stan Lee. Mas nem sempre os heróis são o que parecem. Esse artigo apresenta Ultron, personagem não criado por Stan Lee e, por isso, utilizado para iniciar a crítica de parte de seus heróis. Ultron auxiliará a compreender melhor esses personagens, sua estrutura comum e se eles são o que suas imagens dizem ser.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE ESTATÍSTICA DESCRITIVA E DE MODELO SARIMA NO ESTUDO DE PRECIPITAÇÃO NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DE MATO GROSSO
Authors: Lima Luis Philippe Arruda , Silva Júnior Anísio Alfredo , Carvalho Ana Cristina Xavier , De Musis Carlo Ralph
Published: May 2020

Os modelos da classe ARIMA mostram ter grande potencial nos estudos de séries temporais de dados de chuva. Presente no Sudeste do Estado de Mato Grosso, o município de Rondonópolis apresenta grande destaque no cenário agropecuário e é um dos principais polos econômicos mato-grossenses. Diante da importância da aplicação de modelos de bons desempenhos, e da escassez de trabalhos utilizando esse método nessa região, este trabalho teve como objetivo a obtenção de um modelo do tipo SARIMA para o fenômeno de precipitação pluviométrica entre os anos de 2004 e 2015 no município de Rondonópolis-MT. Analisaram-se também parâmetros estatísticos descritivos, referentes à população de dados, para identificação das estações climáticas nesse período. Para isso, utilizaram-se dados referentes ao período de 2004 a 2015, pertencentes ao INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia). Para aplicação do modelo SARIMA, foram adotados a metodologia e os indicadores de desempenho propostos na literatura. A média da precipitação acumulada anual nesse período (2004 a 2015) foi de 1330 mm com desvio padrão de 145,6 mm, sendo as estações de chuva e seca definidas pelas faixas de meses outubro-março e abril-setembro, respectivamente. Obteve-se o modelo SARIMA (2,0,0) x (0,1,2) como o mais adequado, apresentando melhor performance em relação aos dados observados.