bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Statewide Survey of Stakeholders to Assess the Problem Weeds and Weed Management Practices in Nebraska
Authors: Sarangi Debalin , Jhala Amit J.
Published: July 2018

Stakeholders were surveyed across Nebraska to identify the problem weeds and assess common weed management practices. A total of 425 responses were returned across four Nebraska extension districts (Northeast, Panhandle, Southeast, and West Central). Collectively, 61.2% of total farmed or scouted areas in Nebraska were under no-till production, and corn and soybean were the major crops (82.3% of total farmed or scouted area). Common waterhemp, horseweed, and kochia were the most problematic weeds statewide. Widespread occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds such as common waterhemp, horseweed, kochia, and Palmer amaranth were a serious problem in GR crop production. Additionally, 60% of growers in Nebraska reported the presence of at least one GR weed species on their farms. The most commonly used preplant burndown herbicides were 2,4-D and glyphosate, followed by saflufenacil and dicamba. In Nebraska, 74% and 59% of corn and soybean growers, respectively, were using PRE herbicides; however, more than 80% of growers were using POST herbicides for in-crop weed management. Atrazine alone or in premix or tank mix with mesotrione,S-metolachlor, or acetochlor were the most widely applied PRE herbicides in corn and grain sorghum, whereas the most commonly used PRE herbicides in soybean were the inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). Glyphosate was the most frequent choice of the survey respondents as a POST herbicide in GR corn and soybean; 2,4-D was the most commonly used POST herbicide in grain sorghum and wheat. In Nebraska, only 5.2% of total crop area was planted with glufosinate-resistant crops. Most of the respondents (89%) were aware of the new multiple herbicide–resistant crops, and 80% of them listed physical drift and volatility of the auxinic herbicides as their primary concern. Forty-eight percent of survey respondents identified herbicide-resistant weed management as their primary research and extension priority.
Flight Deployment of a High‐Resolution Time‐of‐Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer: Observations of Reactive Halogen and Nitrogen Oxide Species
Authors: Lee Ben H. , Lopez‐Hilfiker Felipe D. , Veres Patrick R. , McDuffie Erin E. , Fibiger Dorothy L. , Sparks Tamara L. , Ebben Carlena J. , Green Jaime R. , Schroder Jason C. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Iyer Siddharth , D'Ambro Emma L. , Schobesberger Siegfried , Brown Steven S. , Wooldridge Paul J. , Cohen Ronald C. , Fiddler Marc N. , Bililign Solomon , Jimenez Jose L. , Kurtén Theo , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Jaegle Lyatt , Thornton Joel A.
Published: July 2018

We describe the University of Washington airborne high‐resolution time‐of‐flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF‐CIMS) and evaluate its performance aboard the NCAR‐NSF C‐130 aircraft during the recent Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions and Reactivity (WINTER) experiment in February–March of 2015. New features include (i) a computer‐controlled dynamic pinhole that maintains constant mass flow‐rate into the instrument independent of altitude changes to minimize variations in instrument response times; (ii) continuous addition of low flow‐rate humidified ultrahigh purity nitrogen to minimize the difference in water vapor pressure, hence instrument sensitivity, between ambient and background determinations; (iii) deployment of a calibration source continuously generating isotopically labeled dinitrogen pentoxide (15N2O5) for in‐flight delivery; and (iv) frequent instrument background determinations to account for memory effects resulting from the interaction between sticky compounds and instrument surface following encounters with concentrated air parcels. The resulting improvements to precision and accuracy, along with the simultaneous acquisition of these species and the full set of their isotopologues, allow for more reliable identification, source attribution, and budget accounting, for example, by speciating the individual constituents of nocturnal reactive nitrogen oxides (NOz = ClNO2 + 2 × N2O5 + HNO3 + etc.). We report on an expanded set of species quantified using iodide‐adduct ionization such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and other inorganic reactive halogen species including hypochlorous acid, nitryl chloride, chlorine, nitryl bromide, bromine, and bromine chloride (HOCl, ClNO2, Cl2, BrNO2, Br2, and BrCl, respectively).
Looking for Evidence of Wind‐Shear Disconnections of the Earth's Magnetotail: GEOTAIL Measurements and LFM MHD Simulations
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E.
Published: July 2018

Disconnections of the Earth's magnetotail caused by abrupt wind shear in the solar wind are predicted by global magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Further, analysis of ACE spacecraft measurements finds that strong wind shears in the solar wind at Earth are common. In this report GEOTAIL observations in the distant (~200 RE) magnetotail are used to look for evidence of these predicted disconnection events. Three‐dimensional global magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the LFM (Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobary) code were run to determine the expected signatures of magnetotail‐disconnection events as seen by a spacecraft. Fourty‐four magnetotail entry events on the dawnside of the distant magnetotail in the years 1993–1994 were examined individually and using superposed‐epoch analysis. Signatures in the GEOTAIL measurements consistent with entry into the magnetotail from the magnetosheath caused by disconnection events were seen, particularly the temporal pattern of plasma flow and the temporal pattern of the magnetic field direction. Conclusive observations of magnetotail disconnections will probably have to await having measurements with a constellation of spacecraft in the magnetotail.
Quantifying Methane and Ethane Emissions to the Atmosphere From Central and Western U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Production Regions
Authors: Peischl J. , Eilerman S. J. , Neuman J. A. , Aikin K. C. , de Gouw J. , Gilman J. B. , Herndon S. C. , Nadkarni R. , Trainer M. , Warneke C. , Ryerson T. B.
Published: July 2018

We present atmospheric measurements of methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) taken aboard a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP‐3D research aircraft in 2015 over oil‐ and natural gas‐producing regions of the central and western United States. We calculate emission rates from the horizontal flux of CH4 and C2H6 in the planetary boundary layer downwind of five of these oil‐ and gas‐producing regions: the Bakken in North Dakota, the Barnett in Texas, the Denver Basin in Colorado, the Eagle Ford in Texas, and the Haynesville in Texas and Louisiana. In general, we find that the enhancement of C2H6 relative to CH4 in the atmosphere is similar to their relative abundances in locally produced natural gas. For the Bakken and Barnett regions, both absolute CH4 emissions and the percentage of produced natural gas emitted to the atmosphere are consistent with previous studies. The percentage of produced natural gas emitted to the atmosphere was lower than in previous studies in the Denver Basin and the Haynesville regions, which may be due to a decrease in drilling activity, an increase in emission controls, or some combination thereof. Finally, we provide the first estimates of basin‐wide emissions from the Eagle Ford region using in situ airborne data and find C2H6 emissions to be greater than those from the Bakken region. Emissions from the Bakken and Eagle Ford regions combined account for 20% of anthropogenic C2H6 emissions in North America.
Isotopic Composition of Gaseous Elemental Mercury in the Marine Boundary Layer of East China Sea
Authors: Fu Xuewu , Yang Xu , Tan Qingyou , Ming Lili , Lin Tian , Lin Che‐Jen , Li Xiangdong , Feng Xinbin
Published: July 2018

Characterizing the speciation and isotope signatures of atmospheric mercury (Hg) downwind of mainland China is critical to understanding the outflow of Hg emission and the contributing sources. In this study, we measured the concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate bound mercury, gaseous oxidized mercury, and the GEM isotopic composition in the marine boundary layer of East China Sea from October 2013 to January 2014. Mean (±1σ) GEM, particulate bound mercury, and gaseous oxidized mercury concentrations were 2.25 ± 1.03 ng/m3, 26 ± 38 pg/m3, and 8 ± 10 pg/m3, respectively. Most events of elevated GEM are associated with the outflow of Hg emissions in mainland China. The 24‐ and 48‐hr integrated GEM samples showed large variations in both δ202Hg (−1.63‰ to 0.34‰) and Δ199Hg (−0.26‰ to −0.02‰). GEM δ202Hg and Δ199Hg were negatively and positively correlated to its atmospheric concentrations, respectively, suggesting a binary physical mixing of regional background GEM and Hg emissions in mainland China. Using a binary mixing model, highly negative δ202Hg (−1.79 ± 0.24‰, 1σ) and near‐zero Δ199Hg (0.02 ± 0.04‰, 1σ) signatures for China GEM emissions are predicted. Such isotopic signatures are significantly different from those found in North America and Europe and the background global/regional atmospheric GEM pool. It is likely that emissions from industrial and residential coal combustion (lacking conventional air pollutant control devices), cement and mercury production, biomass burning, and soil emissions contributed significantly to the estimated isotope signatures of GEM emissions in China.
The Importance of Ensemble Techniques for Operational Space Weather Forecasting
Authors: Murray Sophie A.
Published: July 2018

The space weather community has begun to use frontier methods such as data assimilation, machine learning, and ensemble modeling to advance current operational forecasting efforts. This was highlighted by a multidisciplinary session at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Meeting, Frontier Solar‐Terrestrial Science Enabled by the Combination of Data‐Driven Techniques and Physics‐Based Understanding, with considerable discussion surrounding ensemble techniques. Here ensemble methods are described in detail, using a set of predictions to improve on a single‐model output, for example, taking a simple average of multiple models, or using more complex techniques for data assimilation. They have been used extensively in fields such as numerical weather prediction and data science, for both improving model accuracy and providing a measure of model uncertainty. Researchers in the space weather community have found them to be similarly useful, and some examples of success stories are highlighted in this commentary. Future developments are also encouraged to transition these basic research efforts to operational forecasting as well as providing prediction errors to aid end‐user understanding.
Parents as Coping Coaches for Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Single-Arm Pilot Feasibility Trial of a Brief, Group-Based, Cognitive–Behavioral Intervention Promoting Caregiver Self-Regulation
Authors: Guite Jessica W. , Russell Beth S. , Pantaleao Ashley , Thompson Heller Anne , Donohue Erin , Galica Victoria , Zempsky William T. , Ohannessian Christine M.
Published: July 2018

This project describes the development, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of Parents as Coping Coaches (PaCC), a brief, group-based, cognitive–behavioral intervention designed to target caregiver burden and distress tolerance for parents of adolescents with chronic pain. Participants included parents ( N = 22) of adolescents ( N = 22, age 12–18) with idiopathic chronic pain. Our primary aim was to test whether PaCC, designed to meet unmet caregiver needs, was feasible and acceptable. Using a pre- and posttest design, we assessed caregiving burden, parent distress tolerance, protective parenting responses to the adolescent’s pain, readiness to change, adolescent pain burden, and adolescent functional disability. Most parents approached were enrolled (71%), attended all sessions (68%), provided follow-up data (95%), and were very satisfied with the 3 weekly sessions. Consistent with hypotheses, participation in the PaCC intervention was related to decreases in caregiving burden, protective and monitoring parenting responses to the adolescent’s pain, and parent-perceived adolescent pain burden and disability. Associations between parent and adolescent reports of readiness to change were observed pre- and postintervention. Collectively, initial findings demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, and promising preliminary efficacy for PaCC.

Implications for Impact Statement

Pediatric chronic pain is a costly public health problem that presents significant burden to patients, parents, and families. Findings suggest that PaCC is a feasible and acceptable group intervention that provides parents with peer support and critical pain education, communication, and emotion regulation skills to alleviate caregiving burden. PaCC may further foster a parenting environment that encourages effective adolescent pain self-management.
Ternary complex of Kif2A-bound tandem tubulin heterodimers represents a kinesin-13-mediated microtubule depolymerization reaction intermediate
Authors: Trofimova Daria , Paydar Mohammadjavad , Zara Anthony , Talje Lama , Kwok Benjamin H. , Allingham John S.
Published: July 2018

Kinesin-13 proteins are major microtubule (MT) regulatory factors that catalyze removal of tubulin subunits from MT ends. The class-specific “neck” and loop 2 regions of these motors are required for MT depolymerization, but their contributing roles are still unresolved because their interactions with MT ends have not been observed directly. Here we report the crystal structure of a catalytically active kinesin-13 monomer (Kif2A) in complex with two bent αβ-tubulin heterodimers in a head-to-tail array, providing a view of these interactions. The neck of Kif2A binds to one tubulin dimer and the motor core to the other, guiding insertion of the KVD motif of loop 2 in between them. AMPPNP-bound Kif2A can form stable complexes with tubulin in solution and trigger MT depolymerization. We also demonstrate the importance of the neck in modulating ATP turnover and catalytic depolymerization of MTs. These results provide mechanistic insights into the catalytic cycles of kinesin-13.
Glycan recognition in globally dominant human rotaviruses
Authors: Hu Liya , Sankaran Banumathi , Laucirica Daniel R. , Patil Ketki , Salmen Wilhelm , Ferreon Allan Chris M , Tsoi Phoebe S. , Lasanajak Yi , Smith David F. , Ramani Sasirekha , Atmar Robert L. , Estes Mary K. , Ferreon Josephine C. , Prasad B. V. Venkataram
Published: July 2018

Rotaviruses (RVs) cause life-threatening diarrhea in infants and children worldwide. Recent biochemical and epidemiological studies underscore the importance of histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) as both cell attachment and susceptibility factors for the globally dominant P[4], P[6], and P[8] genotypes of human RVs. How these genotypes interact with HBGA is not known. Here, our crystal structures of P[4] and a neonate-specific P[6] VP8*s alone and in complex with H-type I HBGA reveal a unique glycan binding site that is conserved in the globally dominant genotypes and allows for the binding of ABH HBGAs, consistent with their prevalence. Remarkably, the VP8* of P[6] RVs isolated from neonates displays subtle structural changes in this binding site that may restrict its ability to bind branched glycans. This provides a structural basis for the age-restricted tropism of some P[6] RVs as developmentally regulated unbranched glycans are more abundant in the neonatal gut.
No intrinsic gender differences in children’s earliest numerical abilities
Authors: Kersey Alyssa J. , Braham Emily J. , Csumitta Kelsey D. , Libertus Melissa E. , Cantlon Jessica F.
Published: July 2018

Recent public discussions have suggested that the under-representation of women in science and mathematics careers can be traced back to intrinsic differences in aptitude. However, true gender differences are difficult to assess because sociocultural influences enter at an early point in childhood. If these claims of intrinsic differences are true, then gender differences in quantitative and mathematical abilities should emerge early in human development. We examined cross-sectional gender differences in mathematical cognition from over 500 children aged 6 months to 8 years by compiling data from five published studies with unpublished data from longitudinal records. We targeted three key milestones of numerical development: numerosity perception, culturally trained counting, and formal and informal elementary mathematics concepts. In addition to testing for statistical differences between boys’ and girls’ mean performance and variability, we also tested for statistical equivalence between boys’ and girls’ performance. Across all stages of numerical development, analyses consistently revealed that boys and girls do not differ in early quantitative and mathematical ability. These findings indicate that boys and girls are equally equipped to reason about mathematics during early childhood.
Application of Real-time Elastography Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Bai Xiaojun , Chen Yini , Jiang Lixin , Hu Bing , Hu Bin , Yu Li
Published: July 2018

The pathological status of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) plays a critical role in the staging and treatment of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, differential diagnosis of metastatic ALN is highly desirable in the clinic. We used real-time elastography (RTE) and gray-scale ultrasound to generate a new scoring system for determining ALN status and estimate their performance of this system. Ninety-seven ALNs were examined by both gray-scale ultrasound and RTE. The performance of gray-scale ultrasound was evaluated by the sum of scores according to its features. RTE images were determined by a modulated scoring system based on the percentage and distribution of hypoechoic cortex regions in the ALNs. Strain ratio was also calculated. Diagnostic performance was obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with pathologic findings used as the reference standard. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 92%, 73% and 83%, respectively, for gray-scale ultrasound; 78%, 93%, 86%, respectively, for RTE; 88%, 96% and 92%, respectively, for the combined evaluation (AUC = 0.963), and 87%, 76% and 81%, respectively, for strain ratio. Gray-scale ultrasonography had a better sensitivity than RTE (92% vs 78%, P = 0.039), while the specificity for RTE was superior to that of gray-scale ultrasonography (93% vs 73%, P = 0.012). In conclusion, RTE showed a high specificity for evaluating the ALN status and may improve the diagnostic accuracy when combined with gray-scale ultrasound.
Exploring the interactions between model proteins and Pd(ii) or Pt(ii) compounds bearing chargedN,N-pyridylbenzimidazole bidentate ligands by X-ray crystallography
Authors: Ferraro Giarita , Mansour Ahmed M. , Merlino Antonello
Published: July 2018

X-ray structure of the adducts formed between lysozyme and Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) compounds bearingN,N-pyridylbenzimidazole derivatives with an alkylated sulfonate or phosphonium side chain are reported.
Tailoring structural properties of lanthanum orthoniobates through an isovalent substitution on the Nb-site
Authors: Wachowski Sebastian , Kamecki Bartosz , Winiarz Piotr , Dzierzgowski Kacper , Mielewczyk-Gryń Aleksandra , Gazda Maria
Published: July 2018

The structure and thermomechanical properties of As-substituted lanthanum orthoniobates are presented and an in-depth analysis of a broad range of other substituents is performed.
Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective anaerobic oxidation of N-heterocycle-containing alcohols
Authors: Kuriyama Masami , Nakashima Sho , Miyagi Tsubasa , Sato Kanako , Yamamoto Kosuke , Onomura Osamu
Published: June 2018

A palladium-catalyzed chemoselective anaerobic oxidation for N-heterocycle-containing alcohols has been achieved with chloroarenes as oxidants.
Self-supported hierarchical CuOx@Co3O4heterostructures as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Li Ting-Ting , Qian Jinjie , Hu Yue , Guo Fenya , Zheng Yue-Qing
Published: June 2018

The hierarchical CuOx@Co3O4catalyst shows notable OER and HER activities in an alkaline environment.
Facile synthesis of effective Ru nanoparticles on carbon by adsorption-low temperature pyrolysis strategy for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu Caili , Ming Mei , Wang Qi , Yang Chun , Fan Guangyin , Wang Yi , Gao Daojiang , Bi Jian , Zhang Yun
Published: June 2018

Adsorption-low temperature pyrolysis of dodecacarbonyltriruthenium leads to the formation of small Ru NPs on carbon toward effective hydrogen evolution.
A highly hemocompatible erythrocyte membrane-coated ultrasmall selenium nanosystem for simultaneous cancer radiosensitization and precise antiangiogenesis
Authors: Liu Ting , Shi Changzheng , Duan Linqi , Zhang Zehang , Luo Liangping , Goel Shreya , Cai Weibo , Chen Tianfeng
Published: June 2018

Herein we design a highly hemocompatible erythrocyte membrane-coated ultrasmall selenium nanosystem for simultaneous cancer radiosensitization and precise antiangiogenesis.
Electrically enhancing and modulating the photoluminescence of upconversion nanoparticles using liquid crystals
Authors: Tong Xia , Xiang Jun , Lu Xili , Karsenti Paul-Ludovic , Zhao Yue
Published: June 2018

An approach to using an external electric field to enhance and modulate the photoluminescence of upconversion nanoparticles is demonstrated.
Implications of plasma thiol redox in disease
Authors: Oliveira Percíllia V.S. , Laurindo Francisco R.M.
Published: July 2018

Thiol groups are crucially involved in signaling/homeostasis through oxidation, reduction, and disulphide exchange. The overall thiol pool is the resultant of several individual pools of small compounds (e.g. cysteine), peptides (e.g. glutathione), and thiol proteins (e.g. thioredoxin (Trx)), which are not in equilibrium and present specific oxidized/reduced ratios. This review addresses mechanisms and implications of circulating plasma thiol/disulphide redox pools, which are involved in several physiologic processes and explored as disease biomarkers. Thiol pools are regulated by mechanisms linked to their intrinsic reactivity against oxidants, concentration of antioxidants, thiol-disulphide exchange rates, and their dynamic release/removal from plasma. Major thiol couples determining plasma redox potential (Eh) are reduced cysteine (CyS)/cystine (the disulphide form of cysteine) (CySS), followed by GSH/disulphide-oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Hydrogen peroxide and hypohalous acids are the main plasma oxidants, while water-soluble and lipid-soluble small molecules are the main antioxidants. The thiol proteome and thiol-oxidoreductases are emerging investigative areas given their specific disease-related responses (e.g. protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs) in thrombosis). Plasma cysteine and glutathione redox couples exhibit pro-oxidant changes directly correlated with ageing/age-related diseases. We further discuss changes in thiol-disulphide redox state in specific groups of diseases: cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative. These results indicate association with the disease states, although not yet clear-cut to yield specific biomarkers. We also highlight mechanisms whereby thiol pools affect atherosclerosis pathophysiology. Overall, it is unlikely that a single measurement provides global assessment of plasma oxidative stress. Rather, assessment of individual thiol pools and thiol-proteins specific to any given condition has more solid and logical perspective to yield novel relevant information on disease risk and prognosis.
Phylogeny of the Milky Way’s inner disk and bulge populations: Implications for gas accretion, (the lack of) inside-out thick disk formation, and quenching
Authors: Haywood Misha , Di Matteo Paola , Lehnert Matthew , Snaith Owain , Fragkoudi Francesca , Khoperskov Sergey
Published: June 2018

We show that the bulge and the disk of the Milky Way (MW) atR≲ 7 kpc are well described by a unique chemical evolution and a two-phase star formation history (SFH). We argue that the populations within this inner disk, not the entire disk, are the same, and that the outer Lindblad resonance (OLR) of the bar plays a key role in explaining this uniformity. In our model of a two-phase SFH, the metallicity, [α/Fe] and [α/H] distributions, and age-metallicity relation are all compatible with the observations of both the inner disk and bulge. The dip at [Fe/H] ∼ 0 dex seen in the metallicity distributions of the bulge and inner disk reflects the quenching episode in the SFH of the inner MW at age ∼8 Gyr, and the common evolution of the bulge and inner disk stars. Our results for the inner region of the MW,R≲ 7 kpc, are consistent with a rapid build-up of a large fraction of its total baryonic mass within a few billion years. We show that atz≤ 1.5, when the MW was starting to quench, transitioning between the end of theα-enhanced thick disk formation to the start of the thin disk, and yet was still gas rich, the gas accretion rate could not have been significant. The [α/Fe] abundance ratio before and after this quenching phase would be different, which is not observed. The decrease in the accretion rate and gas fraction atz≤ 2 was necessary to stabilize the disk allowing the transition from thick to thin disks, and for beginning the secular phase of the MW’s evolution. This possibly permitted a stellar bar to develop which we hypothesize is responsible for quenching the star formation. The present analysis suggests that MW history, and in particular at the transition from the thick to the thin disk – the epoch of the quenching – must have been driven by a decrease of the star formation efficiency. We argue that the decline in the intensity of gas accretion, the formation of the bar, and the quenching of the star formation rate (SFR) at the same epoch may be causally connected thus explaining their temporal coincidence. Assuming that about 20% of the gas reservoir in which metals are diluted is molecular, we show that our model is well positioned on the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation at all times.
Design of wall materials based on waste glass regeneration
Authors: Yang-shi Shao , Ding-qiang Fan , jing-ming Zhang , shi-rui Ren , jin-xin Wang , xu-cong Luo , yun-hui Peng , huan-ran Hou
Published: July 2018

With urban high buildings increasing in China, the demand for efficiency of wall insulation is getting more and more serious, especially in northeast and northwest China. However, thermal insulation wall in domestic is quite easy to produce cracks under external conditions, which greatly reduces life time. In this paper, we expand the discarded glass and mix aggregate and polypropylene fiber to improve the compressive strength of concrete to achieve green multifunctional concrete.Through the performance test of the expansive glass, we conclude that performances of expansive glass become best at the sinter point of 660°;Moreover, TiO2 added to the exterior wall coating can catalyze the degradation of nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde to purify the air. Non-toxic and harmless, the wall, with strong thermal insulation efficiency, is expected to replace the current building materials in order to produce and utilize massively.
Preparation and Applications of Super-hydrophobic materials
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Xu Shuqiong
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the formation principle of hydrophobic phenomenon, the preparation and applications of hydrophobic materials are introduced. The super-hydrophobic material is a novel material with wide application and prospect. The application of status of super-hydrophobic materials in industrial and agricultural production, medical and health fields and people's daily life, in recent years, which was studied, and the prospect of development was systematically summarized.
The improvement of gamma irradiation resistance of superhydrophobic coating with MWCNTs
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Yan , Liu Yujian
Published: July 2018

A superhydrophobic coating with excellent water repellence and gamma irradiation resistance was obtained by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modification. The effects of MWCNTs on the mechanical behaviour, water contact angle (WCA) and self-cleaning properties of the coatings were investigated. After 1.23×107rad dose of gamma irradiation, WCA of the coating without MWCNTs modification (EPPM0) decreases from 150° to 140° and the adhesion reduces from 5B to 4B, respectively. While the coating (EPPM3) with 3wt% MWCNTs modification remains high WCA (152°), excellent adhesion (5B) and hardness (6H). The results of dust removal test suggest that the coating still maintains self-cleaning property after high dose gamma irradiation.
The extraction and application of fault characteristic vector for lower vacuum of condenser in 1000MW unit
Authors: Wen CHEN , Tao YAN , Wen CAI , Hong-yan Yang , Zhong-hai WAN
Published: July 2018

In this paper the failure sets and symptom sets of the problem for a 1000MW unit were determined. On the basis of distinguishing the precipitous decline and slow decline of vacuum, the calculation model of the state quantization value of every symptom parameter was established and the fault characteristic vector of the lower vacuum of the condenser was obtained by the simulation test of the unit. Based on BP neural network, the fault diagnosis model of condenser was established, and the low vacuum fault of the unit was diagnosed. The results show that the fault diagnosis of condensers can be used in the actual unit operation according to the fault theory domain feature vector of 1000MW unit.
Analysis and Test of The boom Tension in a Tied arch bridge
Authors: Xian Shi Jing , Hua Ding Qing
Published: July 2018

The boom tension of the tied arch bridge has a great influence on the state of the bridge, which is the key monitoring project in the construction stage. In this paper, a concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge with a span 60m is taken as an example. Based on the theoretical analysis of boom tension of tied arch bridge and the test of construction process, the following results are drawn: in the construction stage, the suspender tension is reasonably controlled to achieve the expected goal of the construction period. The cable force in the finished stage basically coincides with the design expectation. When the bridge is completed, the error precision control of boom tension is better, which ensures the safety of the bridge in the operation stage.
Exploration of Modern Apprenticeship in Automobile Repair Major in HigherVocational Education in China
Authors: You-jun Bai , Yan Zheng , Shi-hao Liu
Published: July 2018

Based on the current status of China's auto industry, it elaborates on the characteristics of modern Chinese apprenticeships and combines the importance of modern apprenticeships in the auto repair majors of vocational colleges. It finds out problems existing in current governments, companies, schools, teachers, and students, and proposes The solution provides a reference for the development of modern apprenticeships in China's vocational colleges.
Advances in Vibration and Noise Reduction of Hybrid Transmission
Authors: Feng Chen , Ren Yan , Haohao Shi , Yidan Zhou
Published: July 2018

The vibration and noise problems of hybrid transmission during operation will affect the comfort of HEY. The research on the vibration and noise reduction of hybrid transmission can provide technical support for NVH performance improvement. This paper describes the detection and identification of noise sources, gear modification, optimization of boxes' natural frequency and increasing damping for vibration and noise reduction in hybrid transmission. Finally, the directions of development are analysed for vibration and noise reduction technology of hybrid transmission.
Improving lightweight materials processing for automotive by using intercritical annealing
Authors: Dewi Basoeki Prita
Published: July 2018

“Fat men cannot run as fast as thin men, but we build most of our vehicles as though deadweight fat increased speed…. I cannot imagine where the delusion that weight means strength came from….” - Henry Ford. Fuel efficiency and safety innovations are the most important consumer consideration purchasing a car. Lightweight material contributes for increasing car efficiency as steel development for automotive material leads to “Formable-Weldable High Strength Steel” that possesses high strength without sacrificing its ductility and weld ability. During this research study indicates the difficulties in production of automotive materials through TRIP steel, as challenged by a Dual Phase Steel produced from an ordinary commercial C-Mn steel through an ”Intercritical Annealing” route. Intercritical annealing had done at 740°C with variations in soaking time are followed by fast cooling in water. The Ferrite that surrounded by Martensite caused a significant impact to increase the strength of Dual Phase Steel, from 523.36 MPa to 1 GPa, with TEL 0.25 and UEL value of 0.2. By increasing the strength of Dual Phase Steel will impact the lightweight of the body frame of the car. With the higher the strength of Dual Phase Steel then the body of the car will improve lightweight.
Performance of heat pump unit with capillary heat exchanger*
Authors: Bai Zhenpeng , Li Yanfeng
Published: July 2018

The heat pump system utilizes shallow geothermal energy in the coastal areas, which not only uses clean energy but also contributes to energy conservation and environmental protection. This paper studies the performance of a heat pump system applied a capillary heat exchanger as an energy collection device. The numerical performance of capillary heat pump showed a good agreement with the experimental data in the winter heating mode and the summer cooling mode. It was concluded that the COP of the heat pump unit using the capillary heat exchanger was 5.32 in winter and 4.32 in summer.
3D-Modeling and Motion Simulation of Composite Wheel Gears Transmission Based on UG
Authors: Zhao Mingxia
Published: July 2018

Taking the compound gear trains as an example, the principle of the transmission mechanism was analyzed, and the rotational speed of the key gears in the compound gear trains was calculated by using the calculation formula of transmission ratio to obtain the simulation parameters of UG movement. The gear tool box in UG was applied to complete the modeling and meshing assembly of the bevel gear and spur gear, the rotation pair and gear pair was to motion simulation, the gear transmission state could have visually observed by motion simulation, and then the chart was analyzed to verify the design rationality of the gear train.
Training of argon arc welding process for tube aluminum busbar melting pole in UHV power station
Authors: Liyang Hanyang
Published: July 2018

The development of power grid is showing that voltage level is from low to high, networking scale is from small to large, level of automation is from weak to strong.. [1] as the hub of power grid connection between substations, the capacity and automation level of substations is also improving. The large diameter and thick walled tubular busbars of substations have been widely applied. Because of the wide application of tubular aluminum busbar, its welding quality has affected the overall quality of the power plant. Therefore, it is an effective way to improve welding level of power station busbar by scientifically making technological measures and welding codes and carrying out adaptive training for welding operators. In view of the feasibility of the argon arc welding (MIG) welding process and the feasibility of training for the tubular aluminum busbar of UHV power station, the characteristics of the welding technology of tubular aluminum busbar and the technological measures taken by the welding technicians are discussed.
The design of index system of irregularities considering the whole process of electricity market transaction
Authors: Haining WANG , Dunnan LIU , Huiwen HU , Xiaochun ZHANG , Mo YANG , Ting YANG , Shuhong SHI
Published: July 2018

In the early stage of competitive trading of electric power market, the imperfection of market mechanism hinders the normal development of market competition, which leads to the defects of competition system and a large number of market transaction irregularities. The study of the irregularities of the market subject in the new background can provide a new strategy for the future power market. The study of the irregularities of the market subject in the new background can provide a new strategy for the future power market. In view of this, this paper first combed the analysis process of irregularities of whole process of electricity market trading. Then, the paper divides them from three time scales, namely, pre transaction, transaction and post transaction, and analyzes the three irregularities and reasons of the basic information accuracy and matching degree before transaction, the vicious bidding strategy in transaction, and the completion situation after the transaction. Finally, an index system of irregularities is proposed for the whole process of electricity market transaction, which will provide a useful reference for future effective supervision of market transactions, reduce the occurrence of irregularities and ensure the smooth development of market transactions.
Elastic modulus measurement of the rod-shaped object based on image processing
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Lv Shaobin , Li Xiaofeng , Yang ZhiFei , Xu Ruidong
Published: July 2018

Aiming at the problem of the method that demands a high accuracy of the equipment with a high price and low generality in measuring the elastic modulus by using the direct method, a device and a method are proposed to measure the elastic modulus of the rod-shaped object based on image processing. The image of the rod-shaped object is gotten using the proposed measurement device. The coordinates of the point on the contour line and the centroid of the cross-section of the rod-shaped object are extracted by using the object image with loading and no-loading respectively. The elastic modulus is computed by using the deflection difference formula. Finally an example is given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the device and method that lay a solid foundation for future study of the rod-shaped object elastic modulus measurement.
Numerical Simulation on Large Deformation of Weak Rock Mass Tunnel Under High Geostress
Authors: Zhou Feng , Jiang Hongjian , Wang Xiaorui
Published: July 2018

The problem about the stability of tunnel surrounding rock is always an important research object of geotechnical engineering, and the right or wrong of the result from stability analysis on surrounding rock is related to success or failure of an underground project. In order to study the deformation rules of weak surrounding rock along with lateral pressure coefficient and burying depth varying under high geostress and discuss the dynamic variation trend of surrounding rock, the paper based on the application of finite difference software of FLAC3D, which can describe large deformation character of rock mass, analog simulation analysis of surrounding rock typical section of the class II was proceeded. Some conclusions were drawn as follows: (1) when burying depth is invariable, the displacements of tunnel surrounding rock have a trend of increasing first and then decreasing along with increasing of lateral pressure coefficient. The floor heave is the most sensitive to change of lateral pressure coefficient. The horizontal convergence takes second place. The vault subsidence is feeblish to change of lateral pressure coefficient. (2) The displacements of tunnel surrounding rock have some extend increase along with increasing of burying depth. The research conclusions are very effective in analyzing the stability of surrounding rock of Yunling tunnel. These are going to be a reference to tunnel supporting design and construction.
Research on Mathematical Model for Non-Uniformly Qualitative Suspension Cable
Authors: Yong Hu , Yuxin Du , Yong Cao , MaoSen Wang , Yuchi Ma , Hanyang Hu , Xiaoguang Liu
Published: July 2018

Catenary theory is recognized as the most effective suspension theory which can reflect the real situation of suspension. Catenary equation belongs to transcendental function, so there are some difficulties in calculation and application. Parabola theory, suspension curve theory and perturbation method are gradually formed as the theoretical basis for the study of suspension cables. This paper takes the 500m spherical radio telescope project as the background. The modeling method of suspension cable under multiple concentrated loads is analyzed, and the mathematical model of supporting cable after load is derived. The research in this paper provides a reference for the establishment of mathematical model of suspension cable in practice.
Fatigue Analysis of Mobile Maintenance Platform Based on Ansys Workbench
Authors: Yuan Yongliang
Published: July 2018

In order to investigate the performance of the mobile maintenance platform, Ansys Workbench was used to analyze the strength analysis of the mobile maintenance platform. The deformation, stress, and strain were obtained. The fatigue module was used to analyze the fatigue of the mobile maintenance platform and the fatigue life based on the cumulative fatigue damage theory. The simulation results show that the strength of the mobile maintenance platform is sufficient, and its lifetime is as high as 19.8 years. The mobile maintenance platform has a large space for optimization and this paper provides a basis for future structural optimization design.
Electrically Assisted Stretch Bending of Aluminum Extruded Profile
Authors: Cao Fengchao , Zeng Yuansong , Liu Baosheng
Published: July 2018

Aluminum extruded profile is widely applied in aircraft frame parts whose forming quality is directly related to the assembly accuracy, aerodynamic shape and the service life of aircraft. However, it normally faces difficulties of large springback and low forming limit while forming at room temperature by stretch bending method. Here, electricity was applied in stretch bending process to heat aluminum profile aiming at improving the formability and reducing the springback by using electrically assisted stretch bending machine which is consisted of electrical power with the capability of 10000A and 40000kN stretching force for each hydraulic cylinder. In this research, a set of uniaxial tension tests was performed at different temperature to determine the relationship between the deformation behavior of aluminum profile and temperature. Then, a series of stretch bending tests were conducted to investigate the springback law of the aluminum profile. The corresponding stretch bending parts were obtained under different conditions. The experiment results show that, the plasticity of aluminum profile can be improved when the temperature rises, and the springback of aluminum profile can be reduced even more due to the electrical heating effect compared to the cold stretch bending process. Therefore, the forming accuracy of aluminum profile can be improved in electrically assisted stretch bending process.
A New Analytic Method of Multistate Single-component System Reliability Model
Authors: Jingwei Xie , Peng Huang , Gang Liu
Published: July 2018

For the reliability modeling of multistate single-component system, single maintenance bench provides the preventive maintenance and alternative maintenance services on the basis of system performance level following the stochastic detection strategy. Phase-type distribution is employed in place of exponential distribution and other typical distributions to describe the stochastic time variable in the reliability modeling process in a unified manner. Through matrix analysis, the analytic expressions for reliability indicators including system steady-state availability, mean time between failures (MTBF) and failure rate of system are obtained. A numerical application is presented to verify the applicability of the model and demonstrate the influence of preventive maintenance threshold and preventive maintenance rate on system reliability.
A New Analytic Method of Cold Standby System Reliability Model with Priority
Authors: Peng Di , Zichun Ni , Bin Hu
Published: July 2018

For different importance of components in equipment system, a cold standby system with two different components is studied when important components enjoy the priority in use and maintenance. Considering the application of exponential distribution, Weibull distribution and other typical distributions in resolving the problems subject to complicated calculation and strict constraints in the past reliability modelling, the highly applicable phase-type (PH) distribution is utilized to describe the life and maintenance time of system components in a unified manner. A system reliability model is built for wider applicability. With the matrix analysis method, expressions are obtained for a number of reliability indicators such as system reliability function, steady-state availability, mean up time and mean down time of system. In the end, examples are presented to verify the correctness and applicability of the model.
Robust optimization of machining parameters based on edge theorem
Authors: Congying Deng , Yi Feng , Ying Ma , Bo Wei , Jianguo Miao
Published: July 2018

Traditional mathematic models for predicting milling stability assume that dynamic parameters of machine tools remain constant. However, these parameters such as natural frequencies and cutting force coefficients vary under operational state, reducing accuracies of the chatter prediction and related machining parameters optimization. In this study, the edge theorem and the zero exclusion condition are used to extend the traditional stability model for considering the effects of the uncertain parameters. Thus, robust combinations of the spindle speed and axial cutting depth are predicted. They are the inputs of the optimization model to obtain the maximum material remove rate MMR based on the particle swarm optimization method. The proposed machining parameters optimization method was applied on a real vertical machining center, and its effectiveness was validated by the chatter tests.
Research on armored equipment IETM data
Authors: Wang Guohui , Zhao Tiejun
Published: July 2018

This thesis studies armored equipment IETM data concerning its huge volume, various forms and the difficulty to collect, process, store and manage. Special focuses are on data module requirements list and the establishment of relation data model after the analysis of data features and the creation of relation data model by S1000D, which provide data basis for system development.
Research on quality state perception of digital production line in aviation enterprise
Authors: Yingchao You , Guijiang Duan , Xinhe Qu
Published: July 2018

With the development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the requirements of production process management have been improved. In view of the difficulty of the production line of a certain enterprise, the quality state perception frame and technical scheme of digital production line are put forward. and the key information types in the production line are combed.This paper presents a multi-source heterogeneous data model for the production process. Finally, the state-sensing system of digital production line is developed and applied successfully in an aviation enterprise.