bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sozialistische Frauenorganisationen, bürgerliche Frauenbewegung und der Erste Weltkrieg. Nationale und internationale Perspektiven
Authors: Schulz Kristina
Published: June 2014

Die Nachwirkungen des Ersten Weltkriegs auf die Lebensbedingungen und Lebenschancen von Frauen stellen noch immer ein offenes Forschungsfeld dar. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit der Frage, welche Bedeutung dem Krieg in der Geschichte des seit den 1880er Jahren florierenden und zunehmend international vernetzten Feminismus zukommt. Der Erste Weltkrieg verschärfte das Dilemma, das, folgt man Joan W. Scott, für den Feminismus im Zeitalter des Nationalismus ebenso konstitutiv wie unlösbar war: Das Bekenntnis zur grenzenlosen Solidarität unter Frauen wurde durch die Aufforderung, sich bedingungslos hinter die Volksgemeinschaft zu stellen, auf die Probe gestellt. Vertreterinnen des bürgerlichen und des sozialistischen feministische Lagers fanden, so zeigt der Artikel, verschiedene Antworten auf dieses „Paradox des Feminismus“. Die internationale sozialistische Frauenkonferenz in Bern im März 1915 und der internationale Frauenfriedenskongress in Den Haag Ende April 1915 sind Meilensteine in der Geschichte des feministischen Friedensengagements, an denen sich Grundzüge des bürgerlichen und des sozialistischen Feminismus und der damit einhergehenden Welt- und Gesellschaftsdeutungen ablesen lassen. Die Analyse der Stellungnahmen im Vorfeld und bei Ausbruch des Krieges offenbaren die Unmöglichkeit für die Vertreterinnen beider feministischer Flügel, im Namen des Weltfriedens gemeinsame Front gegen den Krieg zu machen. Der Artikel arbeitet Solidarität, Partizipation und Frieden als gemeinsame Leitwerte der feministischen Friedensbemühungen heraus, zeigt aber auch auf, dass sozialistische und bürgerliche Friedenskämpferinnen mit diesen Begriffen je unterschiedliche Inhalte verbanden. Auf dieser Grundlage war kein gemeinsames Vorgehen möglich.
Demographic trends of a reintroduced Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica victoriae population in central Spain
Authors: Refoyo Pablo , Olmedo Cristina , Polo Ignacio , Fandos Paulino , Muñoz Benito
Published: June 2014

One reintroduced population of Iberian ibex was monitored between 2000 and 2007 in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain) using the distance sampling method. The densities obtained from three samplings show a significant increase between 2000 (6.57 ind./km
Crystal structure of 6-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]- oxaphosphinine 6-oxide, C19H15O3P
Authors: Wang Xin-Zhong
Published: June 2014

C
Crystal structure of poly[chlorido-(1,10-phenanthroline)-4-nitro-thiophene- 2-carboxylato-κO:O')cadmium(II)], Cd(Cl)(C5H2NO4S)(C12H8N2), C17H10CdCIN3O4S
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Ke , Zhang Cong-Cong
Published: June 2014

C
Neural mechanisms of mental fatigue
Authors: Ishii Akira , Tanaka Masaaki , Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Published: June 2014

Fatigue is defined as a decline in the ability and efficiency of mental and/or physical activities that is caused by excessive mental and/or physical activities. Fatigue can be classified as physical or mental. Mental fatigue manifests as potentially impaired cognitive function and is one of the most significant causes of accidents in modern society. Recently, it has been shown that the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue related to cognitive task performance are more complex than previously thought and that mental fatigue is not caused only by impaired activity in task-related brain regions. There is accumulating evidence supporting the existence of mental facilitation and inhibition systems. These systems are involved in the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue, modulating the activity of task-related brain regions to regulate cognitive task performance. In this review, we propose a new conceptual model: the dual regulation system of mental fatigue. This model contributes to our understanding of the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue and the regulatory mechanisms of cognitive task performance in the presence of mental fatigue.
Three-dimensional natural frequency analysis of anisotropic functionally graded annular sector plates resting on elastic foundations
Authors: Asemi Kamran , Salehi Manouchehr , Akhlaghi Mehdi
Published: June 2014

Natural frequency analysis of anisotropic functionally graded material (FGM) annular sector plates on Winkler elastic foundations based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity was investigated. The three-dimensional graded finite element formulation was derived based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the Rayleigh-Ritz method. For an orthotropic FGM, the material properties were assumed to have in-plane polar orthotropy and transverse heterogeneity according to an exponential law, whereas the mass density was assumed to be constant. For an isotropic FGM, material properties varied continuously through the thickness direction according to a power-law distribution, whereas Poisson’s ratio was set to be constant. The effects of material gradient exponents, different sector angles, different thickness ratio, Winkler parameter and two different boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of FGM annular sector plates have been investigated. Numerical solution was compared with the result of an FGM annular circular plate, which showed good agreement.
Fatigue Life Prediction based on Macroscopic Plastic Zone on Fracture Surface of AISI-SAE 1018 Steel
Authors: Domínguez Almaraz G.M. , Guzmán Tapia M. , Tapia Silva E.E. , Cadenas Calderón E.
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with rotating bending fatigue tests at high speed (150 Hz) carried out on AISI-SAE 1018 steel with a high content of impurities (non metallic inclusions), for which the high experimental stress inside the specimen is close to the elastic limit of the material. Simulations of rotating loading are obtained by Visual NASTRAN software in order to determine the numerical stresse and strain distributions inside a hypothetical homogeneous specimen; later, this information is used for the experimental set up. A general description of experimental test machine and experimental conditions are developed and then, the experimental results are presented and discussed according the observed failure origin related to the non metallic inclusions and the associated high stress zones. Finally, a simple model is proposed to predict the fatigue life for this non homogeneous steel under high speed rotating bending fatigue tests close to the elastic limit, based on the rate between the visual macro-plastic deformation zone at fracture surface and the total fracture surface, together with the crack initiation inclusion (or inclusions) located at this zone.
Flexural Properties of Alkaline Treated Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Sapuan S.M. , M.M Hamdan , Bachtiar D.
Published: June 2014

A study of the effect of alkaline treatment on the flexural properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced epoxy composites is presented in this paper. The composites were reinforced with 10% weight fraction of the fibres. The fibres were treated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with 0.25 M and 0.5 M concentration solution for 1 hour, 4 hours and 8 hours soaking time. The purpose of treating fibres with alkali was to enhance the interfacial bonding between matrix and fibre surfaces. The maximum flexural strength occurred at 0.25 M NaOH solution with 1 hour of soaking time, i.e 96.71 MPa, improving by 24.41% from untreated fibre composite. But, the maximum flexural modulus took place at 0.5 M NaOH solution with 4 hours soaking time, i.e. 6948 MPa, improving by 148% from untreated composite.
Experimental Investigation On Cold Start Emissions Using Electrically Heated Catalyst In A Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: K. Bhaskar  , G. Nagarajan  , S. Sampath
Published: June 2014

The population of spark-ignition vehicles in urban areas is very high and is increasing rapidly due to their convenience for short distance transportation. These vehicles are major sources of urban air pollution compared to vehicles with diesel engines. Catalytic converters are used to control their emissions but they attain their maximum conversion rates of about 80%–90% under optimum operating conditions and are not effective during cold start conditions. The objective of the present work is to demonstrate that an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) in combination with a traditional converter can achieve the Low and Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (LEV, ULEV) standards. Experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of various metal oxides in EHC and design parameters to reduce cold-start emissions of a multi-cylinder SI engine. It is observed that EHC reduces cold-start hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions when used with an existing catalytic converter. The maximum CO and HC reductions were achieved with copper oxide as the catalyst in EHC with air injection of 80 lpm for 40 sec after cold start of the engine.
A Method to Improve Reliability of Gearbox Fault Detection with Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: P.V. Srihari  , K. Govindarajulu  , K. Ramachandra
Published: June 2014

Fault diagnosis of gearboxes plays an important role in increasing the availability of machinery in condition monitoring. An effort has been made in this work to develop an artificial neural networks (ANN) based fault detection system to increase reliability. Two prominent fault conditions in gears, worn-out and broken teeth, are simulated and five feature parameters are extracted based on vibration signals which are used as input features to the ANN based fault detection system developed in MATLAB, a three layered feed forward network using a back propagation algorithm. This ANN system has been trained with 30 sets of data and tested with 10 sets of data. The learning rate and number of hidden layer neurons are varied individually and the optimal training parameters are found based on the number of epochs. Among the five different learning rates used the 0.15 is deduced to be optimal one and at that learning rate the number of hidden layer neurons of 9 was the optimal one out of the three values considered. Then keeping the training parameters fixed, the number of hidden layers is varied by comparing the performance of the networks and results show the two and three hidden layers have the best detection accuracy.
Combustion Analysis of a CNG Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: A. Rashid A. Aziz  , Firmansyah  , Raja Shahzad
Published: June 2014

An experimental study was carried out on a dedicated compressed natural gas direct injection (CNG-DI) engine with a compression ratio (CR) of 14 and a central injection system. Several injection timing parameters from early injection timing (300° BTDC) to partial direct injection (180° BTDC) to full direct injection (120° BTDC) were investigated. The 300° BTDC injection timing experiment was carried out to simulate the performance of a port injection engine and the result is used as a benchmark for engine performance. The full DI resulted in a 20% higher performance than the early injection timing for low engine speeds up to 2750 rpm. 180° BTDC injection timing shows the highest performance over an extensive range of engine speed because it has a similar volumetric efficiency to full DI. However, the earlier injection timing allowed for a better air–fuel mixing and gives superior performance for engine speeds above 4500 rpm. The engine performance could be explained by analysis of the heat release rate that shows that at low and intermediate engine speeds of 2000 and 3000, the full DI and partial DI resulted in the fastest heat release rate whereas at a high engine speed of 5000 rpm, the simulated port injection operation resulted in the fastest heat release rate.
Chemical Reaction Effects on Flow Past an Exponentially Accelerated Vertical Plate with Variable Temperature
Authors: R. Muthucumaraswamy  , V. Valliammal
Published: June 2014

An analysis is performed to study the unsteady flow past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with variable temperature and uniform mass diffusion, in the presence of a homogeneous chemical reaction of first-order. The plate temperature is raised linearly with time and the concentration level near the plate is raised uniformly. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform. The velocity profiles are studied for different physical parameters such as the chemical reaction parameter, thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, a, and time. It is observed that the velocity increases with increasing values of a or t. But the trend is just the reverse in the chemical reaction parameter.
Fertility and Polarized Cell Growth Depends on eIF5A for Translation of Polyproline-Rich Formins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Li Tianlu , Belda-Palazón Borja , Ferrando Alejandro , Alepuz Paula
Published: June 2014

eIF5A is an essential and evolutionary conserved translation elongation factor, which has recently been proposed to be required for the translation of proteins with consecutive prolines. The binding of eIF5A to ribosomes occurs upon its activation by hypusination, a modification that requires spermidine, an essential factor for mammalian fertility that also promotes yeast mating. We show that in response to pheromone, hypusinated eIF5A is required for shmoo formation, localization of polarisome components, induction of cell fusion proteins, and actin assembly in yeast. We also show that eIF5A is required for the translation of Bni1, a proline-rich formin involved in polarized growth during shmoo formation. Our data indicate that translation of the polyproline motifs in Bni1 is eIF5A dependent and this translation dependency is lost upon deletion of the polyprolines. Moreover, an exogenous increase in Bni1 protein levels partially restores the defect in shmoo formation seen in eIF5A mutants. Overall, our results identify eIF5A as a novel and essential regulator of yeast mating through formin translation. Since eIF5A and polyproline formins are conserved across species, our results also suggest that eIF5A-dependent translation of formins could regulate polarized growth in such processes as fertility and cancer in higher eukaryotes.
Two decades of ethnobotanical research in Southern Ecuador and Northern Peru
Authors: Bussmann Rainer W. , Douglas Sharon
Published: June 2014

This paper is the compiltion of a talk given during the “Advanced Topics in Ethnobiology 2013” workshop in Recife, Brazil, under the title “A decade of ethnobotany in Northern Peru - healers and markets, bioassays, paleobotany and considerations of the Nagoya Protocol” Northern Peru represents the “Health Hub” of the Central Andes, with roots going back to traditional practices Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). During almost two decades of research semi-structured interviews with healers, collectors and sellers of medicinal plants, and bioassays to evaluate the effective and plant toxicity were carried out. Most (83%) of the 510 species used were native to Peru. 50% of the plants used in colonial times disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Common and exotic plants were mostly used for common ailments, while plants with magical purposes were only employed by specialist healers. About 974 preparations with up to 29 ingredients treated 164 conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. The aqueous extract 24% and 76% ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand did not increase the significant cultivation of medicinal plants. Most plants are wild-collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade. Dedicated programs aim to establish in-situ collections of important species, as well as to repatriate traditional knowledge in local language, under the guidelines of the Nagoya Protocol.
Urban Ethnobotany in Argentina: Theoretical advances and methodological strategies
Authors: Hurrell Julio
Published: June 2014

Urban Ethnobotany is a discipline of relatively recent development, allowing new questions and interesting challenges from both theoretical and methodological point of view. This has become evident from the development of a research line in the metropolitan area Buenos Aires-La Plata, the largest in extension and population of Argentina. This research was carried out in the Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. In this frame, the ongoing investigations constitute an example of feedback between theory and practice in ethnobotanical studies. How the botanical knowledge is composed in urban pluricultural contexts? Is it possible to find traditional botanical knowledge in these contexts? How is the local botanical knowledge transmitted? How is its dynamic? Assuming the premise that knowledge guides the actions, then how botanical knowledge guides the selection and utilization strategies of plants and its products in urban areas? The aim of this contribution is try to answer these, and other relevant questions. Some basic principles about Ecology, Biocultural Ecology, and Ethnobotany as different levels of approximation within a unified field were discussed. Later, advances in the theoretical field of urban ethnobotany were considered, as reflection product on complexity of the obtained results. These advances were translated into methodological strategies based on different criteria to evaluate the urban botanical knowledge underlying the circulation of plant products (exclusivity and visibility of these products, re-signification of its uses in contexts of change). Finally, a reflexive discussion on complexity of theoretical and methodological contexts allows us to rethink the developments in Urban Ethnobotany, and Ethnobotany in general.
1/f Noise in MoS2 Field Effect Transistors with Various Layer Thicknesses
Authors: Das Suprem R. , Kwon Jiseok , Janes David B.
Published: June 2014

1/f noise in semiconductor devices and circuits provides important information regarding quality of the interface as well as the transport mechanism. In 1D and 2D channel materials, 1/f noise also provides information on stability under ambient conditions, including effects of contaminants adsorbed on the surface. In addition, noise levels are important in evaluating suitability of the device for analog and digital applications. In this work, we have fabricated back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs) using various thicknesses of mechanically exfoliated MoS2 flakes (bilayer and 15 layer flakes) and studied the 1/f noise under ambient conditions. The on-current of the devices scales with the number of layers. The Hooge parameters inferred from the measured noise amplitudes and calculated carrier densities are comparable to prior reports on devices such as CNTs and graphene FETs, even when measured under ambient conditions. The effect of channel and contacts on both the conductance and noise can be inferred from bias-dependent current and noise measurements.
Defect Reduction Paths in SiC Epitaxy
Authors: Zhang J. , Hansen D.M. , Torres V.M. , Thomas B. , Chung G. , Makoto H. , Manning I. , Quast J. , Whiteley C. , Sanchez E.K. , Mueller S. , Loboda M.J. , Wang H. , Wu F. , Dudley M.
Published: June 2014

This paper discusses formation mechanisms and potential paths to reduce defect density in current SiC epitaxy technology. Comprehensive optimization efforts have resulted in defect density measured by laser light scattering below 0.5 cm-2 for 30 um thick epi wafers. Possible approaches to reduce basal plane dislocations and mitigate interfacial dislocations are discussed. The progress in epitaxy defect reduction has been made on the foundation of the high quality 100mm substrates. The average and median BPD density is 700 cm-2 and 500 cm-2, respectively, and a low TSD density is also achieved simultaneously with both average and median values around 350 cm-2. High quality and low stress 150mm substrates have been obtained with very low TSD density of <150 cm-2.
A Defensoria Pública do estado do Pará: uma observação sistêmica da capacidade institucional
Authors: Vidal Josep Pont
Published: June 2014

Este trabalho mostra os resultados de uma observação empírica nos Núcleos da Defensoria da Região Metropolitana de Belém e nos Núcleos dos municípios de Marabá e Santarém, no Pará. Com algumas modificações, inspira-se na ideia de sistemas autorreferenciais proposta por Niklas Luhmann. A observação de primeiro grau operacionalizada a partir de questionários tem por objetivo analisar a capacidade institucional-administrativa da Defensoria Pública, partindo de um esquema formado pela convergência de diversos conceitos teóricos para a observação e compreensão das organizações públicas. A observação de segundo grau é operacionalizada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas.
Gestão da assistência farmacêutica em municípios do estado da Paraíba (PB): olhando a aplicação de recursos públicos
Authors: Bruns Suelma de Fátima , Luiza Vera Lucia , Oliveira Egléubia Andrade de
Published: June 2014

No contexto da gestão pública contemporânea, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o desempenho de distintos aspectos da assistência farmacêutica em municípios da Paraíba. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, realizada a partir de relatórios de fiscalização dos municípios (no período de 2003 a 2010), produzidos pela Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU). O estudo apontou que 98,1% dos municípios apresentaram pelo menos um problema na gestão de recursos e/ou de serviços farmacêuticos; que em 52,7% o controle de estoque não existia ou era deficiente; que em 52,7% não foram observadas as normas de aquisição de medicamentos; que em 38,2% foram constatados desvios de recursos e fraudes do programa; e que em 27,3% dos municípios faltavam medicamentos básicos. Conclui-se que houve importantes problemas de gestão que afetaram processos e a qualidade da prestação dos serviços aos cidadãos.
Um modelo para avaliação de sistemas de informação do SUS de abrangência nacional: o processo de seleção e estruturação de indicadores
Authors: Morais Rinaldo Macedo de , Costa André Lucirton
Published: June 2014

Os processos de gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) são apoiados por um conjunto de sistemas de informação de abrangência nacional, com funcionalidades para as áreas epidemiológicas, ambulatoriais, hospitalares e administrativas. Este artigo propõe um modelo para avaliação de sistemas de informação em saúde que possa ser aplicado aos sistemas do SUS. É descrito o processo de pesquisa, análise e classificação dos indicadores de avaliação para o modelo. Os indicadores foram obtidos por meio de pesquisa em bases bibliográficas e classificados segundo os atributos de qualidade da norma ISO/IEC 25010, adotada como modelo de qualidade no estudo. Como resultado, 66 indicadores foram identificados e mapeados, abrangendo todas as características de qualidade do modelo. Este trabalho poderá contribuir como mais uma referência para estudos que envolvam processos de avaliação da qualidade de softwares em saúde e auxiliar na normatização de planos de avaliação e monitoramento de qualidade de sistemas e dados em saúde pública no Brasil e em projetos de melhoria de softwares.
Cooperação intergovernamental, consórcios públicos e sistemas de distribuição de custos e benefícios
Authors: Machado José Angelo , Andrade Marta Leone Costa
Published: June 2014

Neste trabalho, buscamos esclarecer como consórcios intermunicipais distribuem benefícios e custos entre seus associados, ponto relevante para estruturar a disposição à cooperação entre parceiros. Sob o estudo de casos em três áreas governamentais, identificamos dois padrões dos sistemas de compartilhamento de custos e benefícios. No primeiro, o contrato de rateio é restrito a despesas rotineiras do consórcio, enquanto contratos complementares com cada associado garantem contribuições, ex post, na proporção dos benefícios usufruídos. No segundo, o próprio contrato de rateio inclui critérios que permitem equalizar, ex ante, tais contribuições e benefícios. Ao final, consideramos restrições sobre funções desempenhadas pelos consórcios em políticas públicas, em decorrência da lógica pela qual cada associado paga pelo que consome.
El estado de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito en México: evidencias para fortalecer la estrategia mexicana de seguridad vial
Authors: Pérez-Núñez Ricardo , Híjar Martha , Celis Alfredo , Hidalgo-Solórzano Elisa
Published: June 2014

Mediante la revisión de información secundaria oficial, publicaciones científicas y el análisis de la ENSANut-2012, este trabajo busca proveer una visión integral de la magnitud actual de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito (LCT) en México y analizar críticamente la respuesta social organizada. Las altas tasas de choques, lesiones, muertes y discapacidad atribuidas a este problema de salud pública, representan un elevado costo para la sociedad mexicana, en especial para los hogares. Se discute cómo la respuesta mexicana se ha enfocado a los automovilistas, dejando fuera a usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública y se ha privilegiado la implementación de estrategias poco efectivas. A pesar de que se dispone de legislación para los principales factores de riesgo, se ha descuidado su correcta aplicación. La estrategia mexicana podría fortalecerse implementando estrategias de movilidad seguras, equitativas, saludables y sostenibles para los diferentes actores de la vía pública. A pesar de los avances que se han dado en términos de prevención de LCT, existen aún retos y oportunidades para el país.
Individual and local level factors and antenatal care use in Colombia: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Osorio Ana María , Tovar Luis Miguel , Rathmann Katharina
Published: June 2014

This paper examined the association between individual and local level factors and the number of antenatal care visits completed by women in Colombia using data from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey and multilevel logistic regression models. Our findings suggest that, in addition to maternal socioeconomic status, contextual factors influence whether pregnant women complete the minimum recommended number of antenatal care visits. These factors include: level of women’s autonomy in the community, regional inequalities and access barriers caused by distance (OR = 0.057), costs of services (OR = 0.035), and/or a lack of confidence in doctors (OR = 0.036). Our results highlight the existence of inequalities in access to antenatal care and the importance of considering the local context in the design of effective maternal care policies in Colombia. Furthermore, our findings regarding individual factors corroborate the evidence from other countries and offer new insights into the association between local level factors and number of antenatal care visits.
Average years of life lost due to breast and cervical cancer and the association with the marginalization index in Mexico in 2000 and 2010
Authors: Cervantes Claudio Alberto Dávila , Botero Marcela Agudelo
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study was to calculate average years of life lost due to breast and cervical cancer in Mexico in 2000 and 2010. Data on mortality in women aged between 20 and 84 years was obtained from the National Institute for Statistics and Geography. Age-specific mortality rates and average years of life lost, which is an estimate of the number of years that a person would have lived if he or she had not died prematurely, were estimated for both diseases. Data was disaggregated into five-year age groups and socioeconomic status based on the 2010 marginalization index obtained from the National Population Council. A decrease in average years of life lost due to cervical cancer (37.4%) and an increase in average years of life lost due breast cancer (8.9%) was observed during the period studied. Average years of life lost due to cervical cancer was greater among women living in areas with a high marginalization index, while average years of life lost due to breast cancer was greater in women from areas with a low marginalization index.
Dietary patterns and hypertension: a population-based study with women from Southern Brazil
Authors: da Silva Bianca Del Ponte , Neutzling Marilda Borges , Camey Suzi , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo
Published: June 2014

This study investigated the association between dietary pattern and hypertension using the rank reduced regression (RRR). It was a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 1,026 women living in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In order to identify dietary patterns, dietary variables from a dietary frequency questionnaire were used as predictors and sodium, potassium and saturated fat consumption were selected as response variables. The RRR identified three dietary patterns: Factor 1, Factor 2 and Factor 3. The association between hypertension and factors 1, 2 and 3, after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioral and obesity variables, was not significant. After stratification by age, the association between hypertension and factor 2 was present in 40-60 year-old women (tertile 2 compared to 3 RP = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.43-0.91; p = 0,05). The new statistical method (RRR), proved to be a useful tool for identifying dietary patterns. In this study, healthier dietary pattern was directly associated with hypertension in women between 40 and 60 years of age.
Técnica de overbooking no atendimento público ambulatorial em uma unidade do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Oleskovicz Marcelo , Oliva Fábio Lotti , Grisi Celso Cláudio de Hildebrand e , Lima Afonso Carneiro , Custódio Isaías
Published: June 2014

Aspectos como otimização de recursos, redução de custos, ganhos de qualidade e melhoria no atendimento receberam importância e são fundamentais para a sustentabilidade das organizações. Este trabalho analisa a eficiência no atendimento público ambulatorial, onde a alta taxa de absenteísmo por parte dos usuários implica baixa utilização de recursos, enquanto que, paradoxalmente, a demanda por atendimento médico é nitidamente superior à oferta. A abordagem, quantitativa e de caráter descritivo, analisa a utilização da técnica de overbooking para reduzir os efeitos do absenteísmo em um ambulatório da rede pública. Mediante o uso de métodos estatísticos e matemáticos, com base em dados de pacientes e agendamentos coletados em pesquisa, desenhou-se um interessante comparativo entre níveis de overbooking e respectivas taxas de utilização de recursos e níveis de serviço para cada cenário analisado. Os resultados obtidos apontam ganhos expressivos de eficiência, demonstrando o potencial de aumento do número de atendimentos para uma mesma base de ativos.
Fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos na gestação em primigestas no Município de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil
Authors: Andrade Andréia Moreira de , Ramalho Alanderson Alves , Koifman Rosalina Jorge , Dotto Leila Maria Geromel , Cunha Margarida de Aquino , Opitz Simone Perufo
Published: June 2014

Estudo transversal, envolvendo 887 primigestas com o objetivo de analisar os fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos na gestação no Município de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. As informações tiveram como base uma entrevista e o cartão de pré-natal. Os medicamentos foram classificados de acordo com o Sistema Anatômico Terapêutico Químico (ATC), da Organização Mundial da Saúde, e com a categoria de risco do Food and Drug Administration (Estados Unidos). A média de idade foi 21 anos, a média do uso de medicamentos foi 2,42; os medicamentos mais consumidos foram os antianêmicos (47,5%), suplementos e vitaminas (18,7%), analgésicos (13,8%) e antibióticos (10,5%). Na categorização de risco, 69,3% pertenciam à categoria A; 22,3% à B; 7,6% à C e 0,8% à D. A chance de ter sido exposta à utilização de medicamentos de risco foi maior nas primigestas na unidade B (RC = 2,10; IC95%: 1,26-3,50), na faixa etária de 19 a 24 anos (RC = 2,79; IC95%: 1,58-4,93) e com prescrição médica (RC = 1,86; IC95%: 1,18-2,95). Os medicamentos essenciais foram menos utilizados entre as mulheres com maior renda familiar (RC = 0,63; IC95%: 0,42-0,96), e que realizaram o pré-natal na rede privada (RC = 0,53; IC95%: 0,38-0,74).
Adaptação transcultural do instrumento Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) para avaliação de diretrizes clínicas
Authors: Khan Gleide Simas Custódio , Stein Airton Tetelbom
Published: June 2014

O artigo tem por objetivo descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) para o português do Brasil. A adaptação seguiu as normas internacionais com as etapas de tradução, síntese, retrotradução, avaliação por um comitê de especialistas e avaliação externa. O instrumento traduzido foi publicado no site do órgão oficial de gestão dos interesses do instrumento.
Experiência homossexual no contexto escolar
Authors: Ferrari Anderson
Published: June 2014

Neste artigo, partimos da utilização da carta de uma estudante adolescente à sua professora de Ciências, atribuindo a essa relação e à Escola sentidos atravessados por saber/poder. Uma carta que nos convida a olhar como vamos nos constituindo como sujeitos de desejo e como vamos acionando saberes para sermos capazes de produzir saberes sobre nós mesmos, tomando-nos como objeto de investigação. Dessa maneira, a questão que se coloca como foco deste artigo é, então, o que faz dos sujeitos, sujeitos de uma sexualidade específica, o que faz dos sujeitos, homossexuais. Trata-se de uma questão atual, que parte da atualidade para questionar a ideia de experiência homossexual como o encontro tenso entre os jogos de verdade, poder e subjetividades. Eis a tensão que nos faz reconhecer-nos como sujeitos sexuais.
"Prendam suas bezerras que o meu garrote está solto!" Interseccionando gênero, sexualidade e lugar nos modos de subjetivação regionais
Authors: Dornelles Priscila Gomes , Pocahy Fernando Altair
Published: June 2014

Este artigo analisa aspectos da produção discursiva da heteronormatividade a partir da intersecção regional. Assumimos, com base em perspectivas pós-críticas, a problematização discursivo-desconstrucionista sobre as experimentações (prescritivas ou contestatórias) da sexualidade e as formas de regulação, normalização ou contestação do gênero. Ocupamo-nos em compreender como o corpo se dispõe como materialidade discursiva das práticas e dos modos de regulação heteronormativos, considerando também esse processo desde os assombros da heterossexualidade compulsória. O trabalho está organizado a partir de recortes de uma pesquisa sobre as práticas pedagógicas na Educação Física escolar, cujo campo e interlocuções se produziram no Vale do Jiquiriçá/BA, região do interior baiano. Os achados deste estudo indicam a imbricada relação entre corpo, gênero e sexualidade na experiência de modos de vida regionais, de maneira que sustentamos a relevância de particularizarmos a vida do lugar como elemento fundamental nas problematizações desses três temas.
Sexualidade e identidade no espaço escolar: notas de uma atividade em um curso de educação a distância
Authors: Silva Rosimeri Aquino da , Soares Rosângela
Published: June 2014

O artigo discute a construção das identidades docentes e discentes no âmbito escolar articulada às questões de gênero e sexualidade. Ele parte da análise de uma experiência de um curso de educação a distância - EaD em que, por meio de uma disciplina específica, buscou-se mapear cenas e ações que foram propostas na escola no sentido de se produzir um debate na área da diversidade. Compreende-se que as identidades constituídas por gêneros, por orientação sexual, por raça/etnia, por classe social, por geração, entre outros marcadores sociais, implicam em diferenças, em distinções vividas por vezes de forma harmônica, e vividas, não raras vezes, de forma conflitiva e/ou violenta. A instabilidade, a incerteza e a transitoriedade atribuídas ao jovem são aspectos que caracterizam também o nosso mundo contemporâneo. Essas novas condições juvenis geram tensões entre os sujeitos envolvidos nas instituições escolares (professoras/es, familiares, e entre as/os próprias/os alunos/as). A análise também permitiu verificar que nas situações de conflitualidade há uma tendência de um culpar o outro revelando: inabilidade dos/das professoras/es, famílias desestruturadas, alunos/as descomprometidos/as, entre outros. Argumenta-se que a temática relacionada à diversidade e especificamente à sexualidade e ao gênero compõe fortemente esse cenário de conflitos, apesar das discussões e avanços na compreensão desses temas existentes na sociedade brasileira como um todo.
Comparação de protocolos de corrida para determinação de diferentes limiares
Authors: Fraga Carina Helena Wasem , Bianco Roberto , Serrão Júlio Cerca , Greco Camila Coelho , Amadio Alberto Carlos , Gonçalves Mauro
Published: June 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Testes incrementais de corrida permitem a determinação de limiares metabólicos e neuromusculares. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar índices eletromiográficos e metabólicos entre dois protocolos incrementais de corrida com diferentes intervalos entre cada estágio de velocidade.MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 14 voluntários do sexo masculino. Os protocolos incrementais de corrida em esteira iniciaram em 8 km.h-1, com incremento de 1 km.h-1 a cada três minutos até a exaustão voluntária. Os dois protocolos diferiram quanto aos intervalos entre cada estágio de velocidade: 30 segundos (protocolo 1) e 120 segundos (protocolo 2). O limiar de fadiga eletromiográfico (LFEMG) foi determinado para os músculos reto femoral, bíceps femoral, tibial anterior e gastrocnêmio lateral. Para tanto, o comportamento do valor RMS foi correlacionado em função do tempo de corrida, sendo realizada regressão linear para determinação dos coeficientes de inclinação. O limiar de lactato foi identificado por meio do ponto de inflexão na curva lactato-intensidade e o limiar anaeróbio foi determinado por meio de interpolação linear. Foi aplicado um teste t de Student para dados pareados (p<0,05).RESULTADOS: Foi verificado que o protocolo 2 apresentou velocidade de LFEMGmaior do que o protocolo 1, apenas para o músculo BF (p=0,023), o que caracteriza uma resposta específica deste músculo em protocolos incrementais de corrida.CONCLUSÃO: Protocolos de corrida com intervalos de até dois minutos entre os estágios incrementais apresentaram resultados semelhantes para determinação do LFEMG da maioria dos músculos estudados e dos limiares metabólicos.
Exercício intenso e suplementação de testosterona em portadores de insuficiência cardíaca
Authors: Mara Lourenço Sampaio de , Valente Filho Jamil Mattar , Ribeiro Eduardo Porto , Ulbrich Anderson Zampier , Lineburger Alexandra Amin , Angarten Vitor , Sties Sabrina Weiss , Pacheco Juliano Anderson , Carvalho Tales de
Published: June 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O sono é um estado natural e recorrente, no qual acontecem processos neurobiológicos importantes. A má qualidade do sono está diretamente A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome com alterações neuroendócrinas, limitações funcionais associadas à baixa qualidade de vida. Há pouco conhecimento dos efeitos do exercício físico de alta intensidade e terapia de suplementação de testosterona (TST) em portadores de IC e hipotestosteronemia.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do exercício de alta intensidade associado a TST na qualidade de vida e potência aeróbia destes pacientes.MÉTODOS: Dezenove pacientes portadores de IC (idade media, 58 ± 10 anos; fração de ejeção, 34 ± 8%) foram randomizados para o grupo exercício de alta intensidade (controle; n=9) e exercício de alta intensidade com suplementação hormonal (intervenção; n=10). Os Pacientes exercitaram-se (40 minutos, 90% do consumo máximo de oxigênio) três vezes semanalmente durante 12 semanas. O grupo intervenção recebeu testosterona na primeira e sexta semanas. Antes e após o período de estudo foram obtidas medidas da capacidade funcional e escores do Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire.RESULTADOS: No intragrupo controle e intervenção, respectivamente, houve aumento do pico de consumo de oxigênio (12% vs. 15%; p CONCLUSÃO: Exercício de alta intensidade melhora a capacidade funcional e escores da QV após 12 semanas de tratamento.
Efeitos do treinamento proprioceptivo na estabilidade do tornozelo em atletas de voleibol
Authors: Peres Mariana Michalski , Cecchini Lisiane , Pacheco Ivan , Pacheco Adriana Moré
Published: June 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Nos esportes onde há contato entre os atletas, como no voleibol, a entorse por mecanismo de inversão é a lesão mais frequente e o tornozelo é a articulação mais acometida quando comparada com as outras, acarretando déficits importantes como a instabilidade articular. Programas de treinamento proprioceptivo têm sido amplamente utilizados para minimizar essas questões.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de um treinamento proprioceptivo na estabilidade articular do tornozelo por meio do teste Star Excusion Balance Test (SEBT) em atletas de voleibol.MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 11 atletas de voleibol de um clube poliesportivo da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, por meio de um teste de avaliação para estabilidade articular do tornozelo, SEBT. As atletas passaram por um programa de treinamento proprioceptivo composto por seis exercícios que trabalharam propriocepção em diferentes graus de exigência durante quatro semanas e este teste foi aplicado no pré e pós-intervenção pelo programa de treinamento proprioceptivo das atletas.RESULTADOS: As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas por média e desvio padrão, e o estudo da normalidade das variáveis foi descrito pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. As variáveis categóricas foram descritas por frequências absolutas e relativas. Para a comparação de médias de ambos os tornozelos pré e pós-intervenção foi utilizado o teste T pareado. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p≤0,05) e as análises foram realizadas no programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 18. Os resultados no teste SEBT das atletas pré e pós-intervenção proprioceptivo mostrou diferença significativa em seis direções para o tornozelo direito e cinco para o tornozelo esquerdo.CONCLUSÃO: Um programa de treinamento proprioceptivo parece ser eficaz para o incremento da estabilidade articular que é fundamental para atletas de voleibol expostas ao risco de entorses de tornozelo que geram instabilidades crônicas.
Caffeine and physical training: effects on cardiac morphology and cardiovascular response
Authors: Ruiz Roberto , Ramos Solange de Paula , Pinge Marli Martins , Moraes Solange Franzói de , Polito Marcos
Published: June 2014

Objective to analyze the morphological structure of cardiac, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of rats subjected to physical training with supplementation of caffeine. Methods 60 rats were divided into 4 groups: control (CO), control with caffeine (CAF), trained control (TRE) and trained with caffeine (TCAF). All trained groups underwent 4 weeks of swimming, and all caffeine groups were supplemented by voluntary ingestion of caffeine diluted in drinking water. Results there were no changes to BP and HR between groups. Regarding HRV, there was a decrease in LFnorm (low frequency) and LF/HF ratio (low and high frequency) in TCAF and CAF compared to group (p<0.02 and p<0.03, respectively). An increase occurred in CAF compared to the CO in the component LFnorm (p<0.05). The results also showed an increase in the relative weight of heart in the TRE (p<0.04) and TCAF (p<0.03) compared to CO. Conclusion caffeine did not modify the hemodynamic responses. However, physical training resulted in a decrease in sympathetic response and an increase in relative heart weight.
Interferon-induced depression in patients with hepatitis C: an epidemiologic study
Authors: Medeiros Lucas Pereira Jorge de , Kayo Monica , Medeiros Renata Barboza Vianna , Lima Mario Barreto Correa , Mello Carlos Eduardo Brandão Mello
Published: June 2014

Objective To assess the incidence rate and severity of depressive symptoms in different time points (12, 24 and 48 weeks) in Brazilian patients with HCV treated with PEG IFN plus ribavirin. Methods We conducted an observational prospective study using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results Fifty patients were included. The assessments with either scale showed the highest score of depressive symptoms in the 24th week of treatment; the mean BDI score before treatment was 6.5 ± 5.3 and the mean CES-D was 10.9 ± 7.8. After 24 weeks, the mean BDI was 16.1 ± 10.2 and mean CES-D was 18.6 ± 13.0; 46% were diagnosed with depression according to combined BDI and CES-D scores. The somatic/psychomotor subscales were highly correlated with overall scale scores . Subjects with history of substance and alcohol abuse had higher risk for IFN-induced depression. Conclusion Treatment with PEG IFN was associated with a high incidence rate of depressive symptoms in this sample of Brazilian patients, as measured by CES-D and BDI. Alcohol and substance abuse increase the risk of PEG IFN-induced depression.
Is the anesthesiologist actually prepared for loss of airway or respiratory function? A cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Vasconcelos Helga , Bomfim Camila Cavalcante , Mello Maria Julia Gonçalves de Mello , Borges Paulo Sérgio Gomes Nogueira , Couceiro Tania Cursino de Menezes , Orange Flávia Augusta de
Published: June 2014

Objective To identify compliance with the procedures for securing the airway of patients submitted to anesthesia, defined as highly recommended in the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted with 87 patients aged 18 to 60 years, classified as ASA grade 1 or 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Physical Status Classification. The study variables consisted of: whether the Mallampati test had been performed, whether equipment was readily available for orotracheal intubation, whether the correct placement of the endotracheal tube was verified, whether patient ventilation was monitored and whether fasting was confirmed. Prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated as measures of relative risk. Statistical significance was defined at 5%. Results It was found that in 87.4% of patients, the airway was not evaluated using the Mallampati classification and in 51.7% of cases, preoperative fasting was not confirmed. In 29.9% of cases, the ready availability of equipment for orotracheal intubation was not verified. In all of the cases in which the availability of this equipment was not checked, the patient was submitted to regional anesthesia, with a statistically significant difference compared to the cases in which the patient was submitted to general anesthesia. Conclusion Measures considered essential for the safety of the patient during surgery are still being ignored.
Cortisol: the villain in Metabolic Syndrome?
Authors: Paredes Sílvia , Ribeiro Laura
Published: June 2014

Objective This article reviews the state of the art regarding the association between glucocorticoid actions and both obesity and insulin resistance, two main features of the metabolic syndrome. Methods A methodological assessment of the literature on PubMed and SciELO databases was conducted by using the following terms: stress, metabolic syndrome, glucocorticoids, obesity, insulin resistance, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Results Chronic stress, mainly through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, promotes the accumulation of visceral fat. Reciprocally, obesity promotes a systemic low-grade inflammation state, mediated by increased adipokine secretion, which can chronically stimulate and disturb stress system. This vicious cycle, probably initiated by visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, might be the trigger for the development of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Given the strong evidences linking glucocorticoid release, obesity and type 2 diabetes, better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this connection might be useful for prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.