bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating team‐teaching, technology and distance learning in MBA programmes: a case study
Authors: Nixon Judy C. , Helms Marilyn M. , Pickthorne Fletcher Linda
Published: July 2002

Chronicles the evolution to an integrated MBA at the University of Tennessee and relates a view of the team teaching experience and integration of technology. The cross‐functional teaching experiences illustrate the issues in working in a team while later sections summarize suggestions for duplication and implementation in other MBA programmes. Explores problems, issues, and barriers are along with grading and evaluation suggestions. Finally, compares student and faculty benefits and stresses the importance of administrative support to facilitate implementation.
Counselling skills: Part II ‐ making sense of performance appraisal, coaching and mentoring
Authors: Wright Allan
Published: July 2002

This follow‐on article continues to explore counselling skills for managers and personnel professionals. It challenges the reader to identify the differences in approach when counselling skills are applied to performance appraisal, coaching and mentoring situations. Particular emphasis is placed on the skills necessary to build a strong working relationship with a subordinate, because without these skills lasting changes in performance are unlikely to occur.
Developing a manual‐writing system for use in the UK and overseas: a case study
Authors: Hills Joanna
Published: July 2002

Following the successful introduction of operator training manuals in a factory in the UK, Cussons (International) Ltd (CIL) wanted a cost‐effective means of producing similar manuals in factories overseas. The solution was to prepare an automated, Word‐based template, which was carefully structured to suit many different factory processes, and which had additional functionality programmed in to simplify and speed up word processing for both novice and experienced users. The structured template can be used to prepare any number of manuals, and ensures that CIL maintain a degree of control over the format of manuals written overseas.
Industrial training across geographic borders: the strategy of insuring single message delivery
Authors: Barton Laurence
Published: July 2002

Employee involvement in the design and implementation of industrial training programs often reflects the culture, language and specific managerial interests of those designing the program, as opposed to learner‐employees outside the boundaries of the design team. This article provides insight into how some organisations view this issue and what specific tools some are championing to launch programs that will have greater impact and success.
The origins of the Library Association
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

Reviews the context of the establishment of rate‐supported public libraries in Great Britain leading up to the establishment of a Library Association in 1877. The major figures involved in the early profession are indicated and the topics discussed in early meetings described. The relationship of provincial public libraries with London libraries is indicated and its influence on the early profession discussed, together with other major issues confronting the first members.
The effective organization and utilization of non‐print resources
Authors: Lawal L.D.
Published: July 2002

Attempts to highlight the important areas involved in the organization of non‐print resources. Areas covered include arrangement by subject content and format. Highlights the advantages of conventional classification schemes such as Library of Congress (LC) and Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) in arranging non‐print resources by subject content. They facilitate an integrated approach and are not difficult to understand where they are already in use. Close classification is preferred in order to derive the full benefits of conventional schemes. Home‐made schemes are confusing since they are completely new schemes or adulterations of existing ones. Compares and contrasts the practice in two university libraries in Nigeria.
Managing a reserve collection: the case of Moi University Library
Authors: Odini Serah
Published: July 2002

Highlights the role of the reserve collection in Moi University Library. Identifies the major problems as poor management of the reserve collection, lack of a collection development policy, and lack of support from academic staff. Attempts to offer solutions to the prevailing problems in formulation of a collection development policy and automation of the reserve collection.
Cataloguing and the Internet: considerations at the British Library
Authors: Strutt Sally E.
Published: July 2002

A vast, uncontrolled mass of data is now available on the Internet. These data pose specific problems for librarians, and in particular for cataloguers. In addition to problems of size, presence, quality and stability of the information now available electronically, the British Library has concerns peculiar to a national archive. The Electronic Media Group (EMG) within the Cataloguing department at the British Library has been addressing some of these issues while investigating the cataloguing of works in new forms. Outlines some of the problems addressed and gives brief overviews of similar work and experiments discovered by the EMG as being conducted by other cataloguers and information scientists in this field.
Who dares, wins: libraries and catalogues for a postmodern world
Authors: Oddy Pat
Published: July 2002

Places present day UK culture and society in a postmodern context and considers their impact on libraries and cataloguing, concentrating specifically on the concepts of globalization and the death of tradition. Moves on to discuss how libraries can continue to provide high quality, structured access to their collections and the need for strategic management of this process. Emphasizes the importance of defining what the library wants to achieve, setting objectives, and maintaining the capacity for flexible response to changing conditions, using as a case study the development and implementation of the British Library cataloguing strategy.
User education in Indian libraries: an assessment
Authors: Rashid Abdul
Published: July 2002

Presents a description of user education in academic libraries in India. Discusses briefly the development of the concept on the international scene; then highlights the description of the programme on the national scene. Analyses the problems and constraints responsible for the slow progress of the programme and makes recommendations for action.
Moving the British Library
Authors: James Stuart
Published: July 2002

Gives an account of the history of the British Library Round Reading Room, situated in the courtyard of the British Museum site at Bloomsbury, London. Includes details of the other reading rooms, and the driving force behind the development of not just the reading room, but the British National Library collection ‐ Sir Anthony Panizzi.
Access to research collections in the UK: the Anderson Report updated
Authors: Anderson Michael
Published: July 2002

The outcomes of the Follett Committee report are described and the question of access to research collections is discussed. The considerations of a national research strategy and the work of Professor Anderson’s committee are considered, and the importance of the Coopers and Lybrand study of levels and costs of use of higher education libraries by external researchers emphasised. The development of a strategy for research access is described including demonstrator projects and non‐formula funding for cataloguing, preservation and improved access to major humanities collections. The impact of electronic informations and wider developments is also discussed.
Research collections in a digital age: the development of special collections in Glasgow 1977‐1997
Authors: Hobbs Timothy
Published: July 2002

Throughout his 20 years as university librarian and keeper of the Hunterian Books and Manuscripts, Henry Heaney has shown an abiding interest in the rich and varied collections contained in Glasgow University Library’s Department of Special Collections. The article traces the unprecedented growth in the collections themselves, and in readers’ use of them, which have taken place during Heaney’s librarianship. Tribute is paid both to the sustained efforts made by Special Collections staff in promoting the scholarly community’s awareness and use of the collections, and to Henry Heaney’s active encouragement. The impact of the Funding Councils’ Non‐Formula Funding,and of digitisation, is considered, and the conclusion is drawn that at his retirement, Henry Heaney is leaving the Department of Special Collections well placed, both in its new location and in its collections and services, to meet the opportunities and challenges of the digital age.
Interesting times
Authors: MacLennan Alan
Published: July 2002

It is apparent that, despite the common reference to the World Wide Web as a “digital library”, it lacks any of the organising features which would be expected from a library. The rate of growth of Web resources is such that they have grown, and continue to grow, beyond the ability of human intervention to catalogue them or control access to them. The software tools which have so far emerged to assist searching are inadequate for the task, but it is hoped that a development in standards will lead to documents being created with the “hooks” in place, which will facilitate their retrieval by tools yet to be developed. Dublin Core metadata appears to be the optimum such emergent standard, and its use is to be encouraged among Web authors.
The role of the course leader in taught Masters‐level courses in the LIS sector in the United Kingdom
Authors: Marcella Rita , Smith Judith M.
Published: July 2002

Discusses the results of a telephone survey of course leaders in taught Masters‐level courses in the LIS sector in the UK, which sought to gather information about the role of the course leader and course leaders’ perceptions of that role. A response rate of 62.5 per cent was achieved. The interviews dealt with the duties of the course leader in relation to admissions, the subject content of the course, respondents’ major administrative duties, their role in managing the course and in course evaluation. Respondents were also asked what they saw as being their major successes and where they felt that improvements could be made in their funtioning. Results show that respondents were keen to participate in the survey and had strongly held views on many of the points raised. Concerns related chiefly to lack of resources and time to perform their role ably and effectively. For a number of respondents successes related primarily to interaction with students, while others were proud of achievements in management or administration of the course. There was evidence that respondents felt closely associated with the course. A significant number emphasised not the weight of this responsibility but that their responsibility was not supported by authority or executive power.
Background for broadcasters: the BBC libraries in the 1970s
Authors: Whatmore Geoffrey
Published: July 2002

Describes the random growth of specialist libraries within the BBC and their survival in the 1970s. The nature of the post of head of these multifarious services is considered, and the question of employing qualified librarians or experienced news personnel is discussed. Retention policies and harmonisation of services are discussed, and the microfilm method adopted for archiving news and programme information is described.
Alexander Strahan, publisher
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

The publishing career in Victorian England of Alexander Strahan is discussed. His missionary attitude to publishing is indicated, and the problems it led to. His background in journal publishing is outlined and the further development in that area, in particular with Contemporary Review, is examined. His attitude towards the business side of publishing is discussed in relation to the broader scene of Victorian publishing, and his progress in book publishing is considered in a detailed examination of his literary, personal and publishing relationship with Alfred Tennyson. The problems arising from this relationship, and from other aspects of Strahan’s attitude to business, are considered in relation to the failure of his firm. His place and standing in Victorian publishing are discussed.
Virtual library for ancient manuscripts
Authors: Rumpler Béatrice
Published: July 2002

This work is the second part of a European project called BAMBI (Better Access to Manuscripts and Browsing of Images). In the initial BAMBI project, we developed a workstation for historians, and more particularly philologists, which allows them to make transcriptions, annotation, indexing, etc. on manuscripts. In this paper, we present the design of the virtual library based on BAMBI, allowing philologists to work on ancient manuscripts within the Internet network. Our approach for the Web implementation of the BAMBI workstation is based on the reuse of the local BAMBI software and on the ActiveX approach.
Distance education in library and information science: experience in Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Khalid
Published: July 2002

Describes the library and information science education through the distance teaching system offered by Allama Iqbal Open University in Pakistan. The only open university in the country has offered Certificate and Bachelor’s programmes in the subject since 1988 and is planning to offer Master’s and some other advanced programmes in the future. The paper presents a brief history of the University and the establishment of the Department of Library and Information Sciences. Syllabi and objectives of various LIS courses are provided. The system of education, including admissions, study materials, regional services, tutors, study centres, assignments and examination is also described. Enrolment data up to spring 1996 are analyzed (by area and gender). Opinions of senior library professionals in the country about these LIS courses are also cited.
In Patrick Brontë’s good books
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

A brief study of the formative influences of the Brontës of Haworth, Yorkshire, indicates the perhaps somewhat neglected background of his youthful education, at St John’s College, Cambridge, of their famous father, Patrick Brontë. He was very fortunate, as an impoverished Irish Protestant, to gain admission to that illustrious Cambridge college, and so into the Anglican establishment: culturally as well as theologically. The religious aspects apart, we can observe here the classical books that formed Patrick Brontë’s mind and heart, perhaps in the end rather lost to sight amidst the bleak Yorkshire moorlands that provided his three gifted daughters with the inspiration for their famous novels.
The problems of tertiary publishing in Africa and implications for the training and education of library and information professionals
Authors: Aina L.O
Published: July 2002

Trainees in the library and information profession in Africa depend on textbooks emanating from outside Africa because of the dearth of local books. Even supposedly local books are generally patterned along Western lines and they are either descriptive or historical, so none of them can really be used as a basic textbook for any of the courses offered in library/ information science schools. This has greatly affected the training of library and information professionals in Africa as trainees are exposed to literature that is largely suited to situations outside their immediate environments. Several factors have been identified as being responsible for inadequate tertiary publications in the information profession in Africa. In order to improve tertiary publishing, the paper recommends that authors should embark on team authorship, international funding agencies and national governments should commission textbooks that are appropriate for the African setting, and also national library and information associations should be innovative by vigorously looking for sponsors who will publish manuscripts they have adjudged to have met international standards and at the same time relevant to the African setting.
Emerging issues for the next millennium
Authors: Chan Wynnie
Published: July 2002

With changes in the curriculum, science breakthroughs, consumer demands and the Government’s recent Green Paper on Our Healthier Nation, the British Nutrition Foundation’s National Nutrition Education Conference entitled “Emerging issues for the next millennium” informed delegates about emerging issues in nutrition and education.
Tribology in magnetic recording technology
Authors: Talke F.E.
Published: July 2002

Tribology problems occurring in high performance tape and disk systems are discussed. The head/medium interface is described for the case of lightly loaded contacts between a magnetic tape and a read/write head, and the parameters determining the design and the tribological performance of the head/flexible medium interface are discussed. In addition, the head/disk interface in the case of very small spacing is analyzed and the tribology problems encountered in the case of very small head/disk spacing are summarized. Finally, an overview of future tribology trends in magnetic recording technology is given.
Group composition, performance and educational attainment
Authors: Houldsworth Chris , Mathews Brian P.
Published: July 2002

Group working methods, and more particularly assessed group work, have, over the past ten years or so, become integral components of many undergraduate, postgraduate and Higher National Diploma (HND) programmes. This study looks at year one results of two intakes of UK students who, as part of their HND course, undertook a large proportion of their assessment by group work. An “action” research approach combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies is used to gain a deeper insight into academic work patterns and social behaviours in the context of a tutorial group, covering norm setting, the group process, and how these may influence performance in assessments. The findings of this study suggest that group performance is influenced by the degree of heterogeneity in composition, with diverse groups performing more consistently. Within most groups certain elements of process loss are apparent, particularly the “sucker effect”, as well as aspects of process gain. Often both appear to be present and tend to balance each other out.
The DBA: form and function
Authors: Bourner Tom , Ruggeri‐Stevens Geoff , Bareham Jon
Published: July 2002

This article is about the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) degrees that were developed in the UK during the 1990s. It looks at the range of programme structures, content and learning support used. The article is based on a content analysis of the 16 DBA programmes in the UK at the end of 1999. The main conclusion is that there is a tension in the form and function of DBAs through their relationship with the traditional PhD. The tension is captured in the question: To what extent do programme developers follow the design of the ’‘gold standard” PhD and to what extent do they design a programme aimed at meeting the learning outcomes of the DBA that distinguish it from a PhD?
Learning agreements: their function in work‐based programmes at Middlesex University
Authors: Doncaster Kathy
Published: July 2002

In this paper, the case is made for why learning agreements play an essential role in the work‐based programmes run by the National Centre for Work Based Learning Partnerships (NCWBLP) at Middlesex University. Their crucial role is the result of the opportunity afforded students to customise their programme of study around their own and their employer’s work needs. A particular focus of attention is the role of learning agreements in programmes developed with employer partners at under‐ and postgraduate levels. Case studies of partnership programmes developed with three different organisations are discussed – a metropolitan borough council, a multinational company and a college of further education.
Partnerships – A View from The Boots Company PLC
Authors: Wallis Sue
Published: July 2002

Attempts to raise some of the sometimes unconsidered factors involved in
partnership work that may hamper success. Aims, by examining one
company′s approach and proposing a few ideas, to stimulate further
thoughts and hopefully initiate discussion about the way forward.
Particularly important is the need for co‐ordination at national level.
The process of matching national needs to those of individual
organizations to enable a more strategic approach is the key issue.
IT training and staff development in universities
Authors: Eley Penny , Eley Adrian
Published: July 2002

Continuing professional development, Funding, Information
technology, Teachers, Universities, United Kingdom
From ivory towers to factory floors
Authors: Kemp Ian , Foster Kay
Published: July 2002

Many people now agree that work‐based learning has an important
part to play in the development of learners. Structured Industrial
Practice Studies (SIPS) is an example of a work‐based learning approach
in which students complement their instructional studies at university
with short, structured periods in industry as part of their ongoing
weekly activities. Describes this process which has been applied in the
subject areas of applied physics and chemistry, the business element of
manufacturing engineering and engineering in general. The SIPS model
consists of three elements: a briefing (students develop an approach
towards the achievement of predetermined learning outcomes during a
visit to industry), a visit to industry and a debriefing (students
review their learning and prepare a report on the learning experience).
The development of a chemical sector modern apprenticeship in
process operations and engineering
Authors: Hill Peter
Published: July 2002

Discusses the development of a pilot Modern Apprenticeship
initiative by Wakefield College, the Chemical Industry and the local
Training Enterprise Council. Highlights the potential of the new
initiative and explores the issues involved in ensuring effective
partnership to commence a pilot scheme. Concludes that Modern
Apprenticeships are a significant development in vocational education
and training policy but that problems of funding and recognition remain
to be fully addressed.
Delivering the promise: the transition from higher education to
work
Authors: Graham Colin , McKenzie Alasdair
Published: July 2002

The first of two articles reporting the findings of a qualitative
research project investigating good practice in recruiting, training and
retaining new graduates. The research took place in 15 UK public and
private sector organizations including the NHS in Scotland, KPMG Peak
Marwick, GKN, Sema and Girobank. Highlights the key issues involved in
the transition from academia to working life. The first few days and
months of a job can make a lasting impact on a graduate′s perception of
the organization and their commitment to it. It is crucial for both
graduate and organization to make a good start to their relationship, to
live up to the messages communicated in the recruitment process.
Highlights examples gained from a wide variety of organizations.
“Brighter futures”... education partnership activity within Whitbread plc
Authors: Allen Tony
Published: July 2002

Describes the approach taken by Whitbread plc to education/industry links, including detail of the structure, strategy and activities undertaken. The main objectives of the partnership are to ensure a balanced programme in terms of the benefits which are generated; equal benefits to Whitbread as to education and those in it. There are some key challenges for the movement as a whole, including proliferation of organizations, focus on quantity, and lack of focus on quality. A considerable review needs to be undertaken not only of the number of organizations, but also of funding based on targets. Universal work experience for all year 11 students is unnecessary and a barrier to the achievement of quality.
Competence‐based vocational training: ten years on and still down the wrong path?
Authors: Foot Simon , Megginson David
Published: July 2002

Begins by reviewing technical progress towards establishment of an effective and standardized, competence‐based vocational education and training system, and compares this progress with the system in Germany. Describes a number of respects in which the system is failing to meet its objectives. Certain stakeholders are happier with the new approach than others. Also describes the political agenda behind the introduction of competence‐based training, and compares the individualist, business‐centred policy in Britain with the more collaborative approach in Germany. Britain’s policy towards training is consistent with its policy towards the Social Chapter. Concludes that unless the political agenda is changed, regardless of any technical improvements made, retention of the current policy will consign Britain to a low‐skill competitive position with respect to the rest of Europe.
Core skills in higher education: the student perspective
Authors: Laughton David , Montanheiro Luiz
Published: July 2002

Although BTEC has considerably refined its approach to the development and embedding of common skills (core skills) within its Higher National Programmes in recent years, argues that there are still a number of problems associated with the practical operation of this strategy and obstacles to a deeper acceptance of the common skills pedagogy within a higher education context remain. From a survey of students who completed a Higher National Diploma at Sheffield Business School in 1993 the crucial issues in this respect were seen to be the complexity of the common skills strategy, difficulties in the area of assessment, the value placed on subject knowledge by students, the lack of an acceptance of a common skills profile when applying for jobs, interviews, and further study, the fact that students thought some skills to be more important than others, and the fact that the development of skills was not undertaken with sufficient reference to probable future contexts where they could be utilized.
Learning to learn at the university
Authors: Frank Harley D.
Published: July 2002

Highlights some of the pressures which British universities are currently facing and how these pressures may affect the development and adoption of action learning within the university sector. Describes how action learning can promote learning and equip people with the skills to confront new and unexpected situations.
Selection for vocational courses at university ‐ part 2: perspectives of university admission officers
Authors: Ineson E.M. , Kempa R.F.
Published: July 2002

Aims to determine the nature of the criteria used in the selection of students for undergraduate courses and to establish the extent to which the academic and non‐academic qualities employed reflect and/or embrace those regarded as important by students’ subsequent employers. Considers findings from 25 in‐depth interviews with hotel and catering management UK undergraduate selectors representing 16 institutions, which provided sets of descriptors and an indication of the relative importances of the qualities sought. Concludes that there is little concordance between university admission officers’ and industrial employers’ selection criteria. Primarily, the former seek applicants whom they judge to be likely to complete the course successfully using academic measures, in contrast to the latter, who show a great interest in appropriate work experience and non‐academic qualities. Recommends that there should be better communication between undergraduate and industrial recruitment personnel concerning the “qualities that matter” in prospective students and industrial trainees and that, ideally, industrial representatives should have direct involvement in the recruitment of students to undergraduate courses.
Responsiveness and interaction: employers and colleges
Authors: Connor Helen
Published: July 2002

The second in a series of four articles that seek to answer questions about where and where not action learning is most applicable. Aims to identify the kinds of people who benefit most from action learning and the most appropriate times in their lives to undertake an action learning programme. The authors reflect on their own experience as action learning participants and set advisers to identify those who have got most and least out of action learning. Concludes that action learning has worked best with people who are willing and able to take action, are skilled at reflection and want to take responsibility for their own learning. Such people are likely to be mature adults who want to learn about themselves, as well as the world they inhabit, with a view to changing both themselves and their worlds.
The decline of liberal education and the emergence of a new model of education and training
Authors: Lomas Laurie
Published: July 2002

Chronicles the shift from “collegial academy to corporate enterprise” in higher education institutions. Examines the major political, economic and educational reasons given for this shift and relates them to the gradual decline of the liberal educational tradition. Notes that with the present government’s growing belief in a market model of higher education, a new form of education is emerging which is more extrinsic and instrumental in outlook. States that, while acknowledging the contribution made by the “new model of education and training”, there are lecturers in higher education institutions ‐ including the author ‐ who are determined to preserve the liberal education tradition.
Foundation for the future? Marketing in a management learning context
Authors: Pearson Joan , Choueke Richard
Published: July 2002

The organization and management studies degree (OMS) was constituted at Edge Hill University College, Ormskirk, UK in October 1990. The degree is validated by the University of Lancaster. Briefly, the course explores organizational issues, needs and techniques through a variety of management models and multiple management disciplines and applications. Explores the theoretical underpinnings in the OMS approach and their application to the teaching and learning of marketing. Evaluates the contribution of the marketing programme within that process, and its relevance and effectiveness in imbuing students with the skills for adaptation and flexibility necessary to deal with the constant change and rapid evolution of work.
Forty years on: a problem revisited
Authors: McBride Peter
Published: July 2002

Argues that a lack of stability in assessing and implementing training needs has led to the UK lacking a flexible and long‐term policy to address the problems of skills needs, demographic shifts and changes in the character of employment. Examines the developments of the past 40 years, showing how changes in government policy and ideology have led to the lack of a cohesive and coherent approach. Describes the various approaches adopted; from apprenticeships, to training boards, retraining, the setting up of the Manpower Services Commission, and concerns about training becoming subordinate to those about unemployment. Commends the new Labour Government’s commitment to training but questions whether it will lead to substantial improvements. Argues that industry must shoulder more of the responsibility for training.
Restraining the further education market: closing Pandora’s box
Authors: Lumby Jacky
Published: July 2002

There has been growing concern that the market‐dominated practice of colleges of further education in England has led to a situation where colleges compete aggressively to the detriment of current and potential students. A recent report suggested that autonomous colleges could not achieve the widening of participation and equity required of vocational education and training, and recommended regional planning and partnership to balance the negative effects of a market‐driven approach. This article reports on interviews with college principals and on the analysis of a sample of college strategic plans, and concludes that although partnership may be welcomed by some, colleges are unlikely to co‐operate unless the system retains a sufficient degree of autonomy for individual institutions and does not damage the interests of individual colleges by a redistribution of resources. It also argues that the suggested planning framework of the National Training and Education Targets and labour market information may be insufficiently reliable and too short term.
The success of teacher‐pupil mentoring in raising standards of achievement
Authors: Hylan Ian , Postlethwaite Keith
Published: July 2002

This article describes a pilot mentoring scheme, Raising Pupil Achievement (RPA), that has been developed in a girls’ secondary school. The principal aim of this scheme was to raise the standard of achievement of the students involved. The scheme was based on regular mentorship interviews between pupils and teachers. The interviews had an explicitly academic focus. There are similarities with what has been called “academic tutoring”. In this pilot project, mentorship was provided for pupils in Years 7 and 12. The article includes an evaluation of the pilot project that involves statistical analysis of the value added by mentoring and sampling of the views of all participants. Suggestions for further research are made together with examples of successful practice. Pupils at the school routinely gain good examination results. However, the evaluation has found an increase in motivation to learn for all mentored pupils and a measurable increase in attainment for some ages and ability groups.
Electronic support for student placements: part 1 ‐ context
Authors: Lee Barry , Downs Denise
Published: July 2002

Addresses a project which aims to improve the management and assessment of student placements by providing electronic support based on a business process design of the placement process. Seeks to provide the overall aims of the project and the deliverables it is tasked to achieve. The project is funded by HEFCE as part of their initiative to promote good practice in teaching and learning within higher education. A second article will follow as the project reaches its conclusion. To aid the effective management of placement activity, the project captured and mapped all the activities undertaken within the placement unit at Huddersfield University and focused on activities identified as being required and designed the tasks and inter‐relations to achieve these. The project also seeks to provide support to students on placement through the Internet. This will allow communication within the student group as well as with staff at the university.
Promoting lifelong learning through education partnership: part 1
Authors: Berkeley John
Published: July 2002

It has never been more important for schools and employers to work together. Indeed, collaboration between education and industry is one of the great success stories of the 1980s in Britain, with more active partnerships than ever before. The background to partnership suggests a variety of motives amongst employers, including a concern to protect future manpower supply. However, the emerging vision of lifelong learning provides a new focus for education partnership activity that is being pioneered by the Rover Group, Britain’s largest motor manufacturer. The company has introduced a number of distinctive approaches to supporting the work‐related curriculum including partnership centres at its major plants and school‐based facilities, the so‐called “Rover rooms”, in the surrounding catchment areas. Quality in work experience has been a major concern for the Rover Group and, in addition to the company’s annual award scheme, initiatives such as learning agreements for pupils have been introduced to raise standards and ensure the quality of learning outcomes.
Training partnerships in the NHS: targeting information technology
Authors: Jeremy Smith Paul
Published: July 2002

The National Health Service is going through a period of rapid change in the use of information technology which has resulted in the training of NHS staff in IT skills becoming a priority. At the same time as these developments there has been a great deal of change in the further education market in England that has led to further education colleges pursuing a more market‐driven approach. As a result many colleges have been forming training partnerships with local and national employers. Reports in depth on a case study of a partnership between a hospital Trust and a college of further education to address the issue of developing and delivering information technology training to NHS staff. Concludes by highlighting the benefits and problems of this type of partnership arrangement.
To Change China Redux: a tale of two cities
Authors: Fischer William A.
Published: July 2002

In the early 1980s, two ambitious projects were launched, with Western assistance, to bring the concepts of modern management, as it was known in the West, to Chinese managers. One of these initiatives was funded by the US Government, and was located in Dalian; the other was funded by the European Commission, and has evolved into China’s leading business school in Shanghai. This paper describes the rationale behind these projects and compares and contrasts their experiences.
Management development in international companies in China
Authors: Li Stephen T.K.
Published: July 2002

A range of managerial styles are commonly found in foreign companies in China. Multiple factors influencing management development in China require attention owing to differences of management practices and cultural values across nations. This paper discusses the relationship between values systems and managerial styles among foreign and indigenous managers in China.
Economic growth, institutional development and personal freedom: the educational needs of China
Authors: Clarke Thomas
Published: July 2002

The transformation of the Chinese economy is underway, and the process of reform has facilitated a sustained increase in economic growth. However, the state‐owned enterprise sector is being left behind by the dynamism of the other sectors of the economy. To sustain growth it is likely that further changes are necessary in the Chinese economy and society. The lessons of the Asian financial crisis are that economic progress can be halted without a commitment to the creation of independent institutions, and the individual freedoms necessary to promote entrepreneurship and innovation. The conservative social values of China, often promoted through the educational and training system, could act as a brake on the economic progress of the country.
A new look at private rates of return to education in Switzerland
Authors: Wolter Stefan C. , Weber Bernhard A.
Published: July 2002

Shows the results of a new model for calculating private rates of return to education. The so‐called “cost‐benefit‐model” takes into account the influence of the existing wage structure, institutional factors as the cost of education and the fiscal system and risk premiums for dropping out of school as well as differences in unemployment. The model produces results that are relatively easy to interpret at the economic policy level and can easily be used to simulate the effects of changing parameters. The first empirical results for Switzerland indicate that once educational costs have been deducted, wage‐earning advantages for different educational groups are insignificant. The empirical results speak against the political demand – at least in Switzerland – that those who directly benefit from education should pay more towards its costs.
Concurrent engineering
Authors: Jarvis Martin
Published: July 2002

Concurrent engineering is an approach to product and process design aimed at shortening the development cycle and bringing products to market in a shorter timescale. Explains the fundamental concepts and highlights the key components of a successful approach to concurrent engineering.
The case for CASE
Authors: Eaton James
Published: July 2002

Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) attempts to improve the productivity of systems development by imposing a discipline and a set of common tools on the development process. However, the actual results of using CASE are not always as predicted. Describes the fundamental attributes of CASE and examines the reasons why the introduction of CASE may fail.
Management industrial relations policy in highly unionised companies in Britain
Authors: Wright Martyn
Published: July 2002

Management industrial relations policy and management style are examined in a panel of 50 highly unionised companies between 1979 and 1991. Management policy in panel firms in 1979 was relatively uniform, centred upon collective bargaining and the closed shop. A much broader spectrum of policies was evident in 1991, although collective bargaining was retained as part of the policy‐making framework in the large majority of companies. A minority of firms had either a strategic planning or financial control management style, which may be associated with tighter regulation of industrial relations. The majority had a strategic control style, the effects of which were more ambiguous.
Continuity and Change in European Industrial Relations: Evidence from a
14‐country Survey
Authors: Gunnigle Patrick , Brewster Chris , Morley Michael
Published: July 2002

Using data from the Price Waterhouse Cranfield Project, investigates a
number of key aspects of industrial relations at organization level as a
means of evaluating the nature of change in industrial relations.
Examines levels of trade union membership in organizations across
Europe; the extent and nature of trade union recognition; perceived
changes in trade influence in organizations; the locus of policy
determination in industrial relations and the nature of
management‐employee comunications. Considers the aggregate evidence with
respect to differentiation and convergence in European industrial
relations.
Transnational Corporations and Human Resource Development
Authors: Aziz Wan Abdullah Wan
Published: July 2002

Explores the behaviour of transnational corporations (TNCs) in Malaysian
manufacturing firms in relation to employment absorption, human capital
formation and technological change, based on a survey of 60 firms
randomly selected within the major manufacturing establishments in
Malaysia. Argues that TNCs exert an influence in promoting employment,
training and innovation and adopt a much more proactive policy towards
HRD than the local firms in Malaysia. However, their reluctance to
participate and invest substantially in local R&D could result in a
gradual reduction of technology flow and stifle the development of
domestic innovative capacity. Policy measures are therefore required to
induce TNCs to undertake greater R&D activities in Malaysia, and such
measures should be conceived in the broader context of the indigenous
technological development policy of the country.
Learning for work: short‐term gain or long‐term benefit?
Authors: Lee Monica
Published: July 2002

Argues that empowerment facilitated by the development of personal
power in staff is an important attribute for job satisfaction and
longevity, and is an important element in the creation of effective
learning organizations. In contrast to this, the main focus of
management educators, trainers, participants and personnel selection in
many organizations appears to be the generation and maintenance of
professional power, which is equated here with short‐term gain. Suggests
that this distinction contributes to the dilemmas experienced by
individuals, providers and the organization. Discusses issues associated
with provision attempting to offer personal development and steps
towards empowerment.
A glimpse of what could be: a pilot initiative in non‐work‐related learning
Authors: Holden Richard
Published: July 2002

Presents an initial evaluation of a pilot scheme in non‐vocational employee development (ED) introduced into one section of a water company. Locates the initative within the context of growing interest in ED schemes and their relationship to ideas about learning culture and organization learning. Draws on data obtained throughout the first year of the pilot to assess participation, management of the scheme and perceived benefits. Findings demonstrate a range of reactions to the scheme including a degree of confusion and sceptism, highlighting the difficulties faced by this organization introducing a scheme in a somewhat unfavourable learning climate. Concludes, however, that the outcomes offer illustrative evidence of how such schemes can provide benefits to both employer and employee, contributing to efforts to make continuous learning a reality of organizational life. Stresses the need for more empirical data on other ED schemes.
Individual contracts, collective bargaining and trade unionism: a case for the union voice
Authors: Tuckman Alan , Finnerty Christopher
Published: July 2002

The Government White Paper, Fairness at Work, offers the opportunity for a statutory procedure for the introduction of collective bargaining when a majority of trade union members within a workplace require it. Within this proposal assumptions are made concerning the nature of individual contracts and the wishes of employees covered by them. The article indicates that the extent of derecognition in the 1980s and 1990s has underestimated the number of employees denied collective bargaining through transfer to personal contracts. Based on research covering trade unionists who have remained in membership despite transfer to personal contracts, their motives for membership and attitudes to representation and recognition are explored. While increasingly accommodated to determination of their pay and conditions on an individual basis, the trade union members in this sample remain concerned about the opacity of procedures and the lack of voice. Recognizing that this does not infer a return to the collective bargaining of the past, an alternative structure which recognizes individual contracts within collective relations is recommended.
Provision of Reading List Texts in an Academic Library
Authors: Stopforth Carolyn
Published: July 2002

Describes the efforts of Information Services staff at the University
College of North Wales, Bangor, to obtain course reading lists. The
response rate of 66.35 per cent for initial return of forms was very
encouraging and this success can partly be attributed to the singular
approach of collaboration with two local bookshops. Details the
methodology involved in the project, in addition to the results
obtained. Examines the responses of different departments to being
informed that some of their reading list texts are not held in the
library. Concludes that, while departments may put up strong resistance
to the concept of the library stocking all reading list texts (e.g. due
to limited funds), even the fiercest of critics found the project
beneficial and positive results ensued. These results varied from one
department ordering all their absent texts, to another changing the
layout of their reading lists to indicate which texts were to be found
in the library and which could be obtained from the lecturer.
Managing a National Library Service for Blind and Print‐handicapped
Persons
Authors: Vitzansky Winnie
Published: July 2002

Describes the aim of a national library service for blind and
print‐handicapped persons, the task of managing it, and its partners.
Draws attention to the special problems of library services for blind
and print‐handicapped persons, such as the very limited range of
special‐format material. Emphasizes the need for creating equality for
blind and print‐handicapped persons within the library information
field. Describes the many‐sided job of managing a national library
service for handicapped persons, the need of a well‐established network
within the library world. Particular emphasis is placed on the necessity
of co‐operation with users′ organizations.