bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Nature of Innovation Processes and International Competitiveness of the Region After the Covid-19 Crisis: The Case of Podlaskie Voivodeship
Authors: Ciborowski Robert , Trzaska Karolina
Published: January 2024

Technological structure arises as a consequence of innovation processes, encompassing R&D activities, implementations, as well as diffusion. Innovation processes influence technological competitiveness by linking changes in market shares at home and abroad with their technological potential. Increased productivity resulting from higher innovativeness combined with increased technological investments result in changes in relative unit operating costs and higher demand for more technologically advanced products, thus determining the dynamics of economic development.

The aim of this study is to analyse the course of determinants of innovation processes and the level of international competitiveness of regions after the COVID-19 crisis, including especially Podlaskie Voivodeship. Regions are classified into three types of exposure (low, medium, high) and crossed with three degrees of risk sensitivity for the regional economy. Podlaskie Voivodeship has medium exposure and lower sensitivity to pandemic crises. Regions with relatively high sensitivity and exposure to COVID-19 lockdowns were motivated to make greater changes in business processes. Podlaskie Voivodeship relies highly on foreign trade, which is why the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine and limited contacts with Poland’s eastern border have negatively affected the region’s innovation. The analysis shows that the establishment of competitive advantages based on the effects of COVID-19 crises should be expanded by regions with medium or high sensitivity to lockdowns.
The Socio-Economic Situation During the Crises in Poland After 1989, with Particular Reference to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Krzyścin Mirosława , Merta-Staszczak Adriana , Zimmer Joanna
Published: January 2024

The Polish economy has been transformed for more than three decades by diverse crises. The beginning of the changes was brought by the political transformation, which modified the model of the functioning of the State in almost all areas. To some extent, its continuation was the accession to the European Union, which opened not only markets for sales, labor, but also new sources of technological and scientific development. Economic development did not protect the economy from the negative effects of change, which occurred in the form of rising public debt, unemployment rates and reduced spending on important public sectors. Sudden breakdowns, in turn, forced changes in social needs, as exemplified by the explosive demand for e-services during the covid-19 pandemic. The article analyzed selected indicators that allowed analysis of the degree of differentiation of socio-economic development in Poland against the background of crises.
Eu ETS Market Fundamental Changes
Authors: Sikora-Alicka Joanna
Published: January 2024

An organization emits carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) through its daily operations, such as the electricity used to power its offices, manufacture products, and then fossil fuels used in vehicles to distribute them. This is referred to as an organization’s carbon footprint, and there is increasing stakeholder and regulatory pressure on management teams globally to reduce them. On other words, it is increasingly critical that the quantity of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that a company is releasing into the atmosphere can be accurately measured in order to ensure that is being reduced accordingly.

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the most crucial tool for decarbonizing Europe, but it has also become a money-making machine. States and financial investors earn; for the power industry, which pays for it, the worst thing is not the system’s presence but its instability. Huge price jumps make it impossible to plan budgets and investments sensibly.

This paper provides an introduction to the EU’s Emissions Trading System. As such it provides a discussion of the historical and legal context in which the EU ETS developed and now operates. This article covers the various ways in which these market dynamics, regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations have converged to make European carbon markets a critical topic for today’s analyst.
Food Crises in Post-War Poland (1945–1989)
Authors: Merta-Staszczak Adriana , Straszak-Chandoha Sylwia
Published: January 2024

Fulfilling the needs of securing the food market was a key problem for the economy of the People’s Republic of Poland. According to the assumptions of the socialist system, all basic means of production were owned by the state and society as a whole, and production: its structure and volume depended on central assumptions. Farmers not only had to face the issue of reconstruction of farms in the post-war period, they were also obliged to make compulsory deliveries, and had the main responsibility for feeding the country. Production capacity in the face of the growing needs of society was insufficient, which forced rationing and the use of substitutes in the diet. There were periodic declines in the consumption of selected commodities, especially meat. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of the food market in the period 1945–1989, taking into account the burden of the countryside, the level of consumption and the import and export of basic food products.
Export of the Agri-Food Sector in the Conditions of Recent Crises
Authors: Wnorowski Henryk
Published: January 2024

Crises come and go, but it is good if, from the perspective of the past, we can point to some positives of the crisis that has just passed. Indeed, in the article we first find a snapshot of the export activity of the Polish economy in recent years, a picture which is positive, despite the very serious crises in the global economy. This picture may not be complete due to the scope of the study, but it shows what is most important in author opinion – our place in the international division of labor over the last 15 years. This place has steadily improved, with particularly spectacular increases in importance observed during the years of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and after the outbreak of war in Ukraine.

The second section of the article presents an analysis of agri-food exports in a broader time frame, dating back to the 2000s. It aims to highlight the rise of agri-food exports as a proportion of GDP and total exports. Equally fascinating is the geographical and commodity structure and the mportance of Polish agri-food imports in the total of those made by selected countries. As a result, an interesting picture of Polish agri-food exports appears to have emerged, allowing positive assessments to be formulated. Quite optimistic prognoses for the future are also noticeable.
The Dyson Zone: A Groundbreaking Audio and Air-purifying Technology
Authors: Shrestha Yash , Muir Livia , De Almeida Analidhia , Bushell Cleo
Published: January 2024

Outdoor activities in both rural and urban areas are often hindered by air pollution. The brand-new Dyson Zone is a technology allowing individuals to concurrently enjoy noise-cancelling music and get high-quality protection from air pollution. In research trials, Dyson’s dual-filter system has proven robust efficacy in preventing the inhalation of polluted air. The availability of this product is affected by support networks, the presence of disabilities, and Indigenous status. These social determinants of health work both in isolation and in combination to provide preferential accessibility to certain subgroups. As the Dyson Zone provides a novel introduction to future purification systems, further research should be reinforced.
Kaltech’s Fresh Food Keeper: The Most Innovative Biotechnology to Preserve Your Favourite Foods
Authors: Cheung Holly , Hazen Jocelyn , Manconi Luca , Ghanizada Housta
Published: January 2024

Many share the experience of food spoiling easily. Kaltech recently developed the Kaltech Food Fresh Keeper (KFFK), a breadbox which uses photocatalysis technology to increase the longevity of your favorite foods. This article discusses KFFK’s revolutionary biotechnology, Social Determinants of Health, intersectional factors affecting accessibility, and associated ethical implications.
Seismic Powered Clothing: A Novel Technology to Improve Hiker Experience
Authors: Wong Jacob , Adya Prisha , Wu Dorothy , De Ocampo Lenard
Published: January 2024

Hiking is a hobby enjoyed by individuals of all ages, but many experience issues such as muscle pain, fatigue, and injuries. SeismicTM recently created a new technology that is safe and sustainable for older adults, called SeismicTM Powered Clothing (SPC). SPC provides older adults with support when performing actions like hiking, preventing them from experiencing any negative effects. While SPC may be extremely beneficial to a large population, social determinants of health (SDoHs) including Indigenous status, food insecurity, employment/working conditions, and geographical location may impact the access of this biotechnology. Nonetheless, future applications of SPC involve its use in running and assisting individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
One Health Approach Utilizing Mycelium to Prevent Wildfires in Southeast Ontario
Authors: Schreyer Haleigh , Dhawan Alaina , Griffin Emma , Levy Marisa , Puddephatt Olivia
Published: January 2024

The prevalence and intensity of wildfires have increased dramatically in Ontario, Canada since 2022. This has been exacerbated by climate change, clearcut logging, and poorly extinguished campfires. While previous interventions have targeted the downstream effects of wildfires such as deforestation, there have been no interventions that utilize a One Health approach to equally consider the health of humans, non-human animals, and the environment. This paper proposes a novel and cost-effective initiative utilizing cultivated mycelium from degraded slash piles, harvested and transformed into an organic fire-retardant spray for application on nearby trees. The proposed initiative aims to reduce the risk of wildfire ignition from at-risk trees in Lyndhurst, Ontario to protect the lives of humans and non-human animals as well as the integrity of properties and wildlife habitats, simultaneously contributing to the restoration of forest health as a crucial carbon sink. This may mitigate the effects of climate change and improve air quality, acting as a protective measure for human, non-human animal, and environmental health.
Perfoliate Leaf-Mimicking Plant Clips: A One Health Strategy to Address the Effects of Urbanization on Insects
Authors: Medrano Madeline , Tran Brian , Clark Mya , Gebauer Maximilian , Sanchez Kris
Published: January 2024

The declining abundance of safe water sources for insects in urban areas is a wicked problem requiring urgent attention. Urbanization has transformed natural settings into environments marked by concrete and asphalt, leading to increased heat production, ecosystem degradation, and a reduction of natural water sources including perfoliate plant species whose leaves act as reservoirs. While the proposed initiative's primary aim is to address the challenge of water access for urban insects, a critical component of its scope includes an analysis of biophobia as a systemic contributing factor. Urbanization has been shown to disconnect humans from natural environments and non-human animals, creating feelings of disgust which is a common symptom of biophobia. In turn, humans often distance themselves further from natural stimuli, reducing their awareness of insects' needs. The proposed initiative involves the installation of perfoliate leaf-mimicking plant clips in the gardens of various households in Parkdale, Toronto. These novel clips would contain a shallow reservoir able to collect rain or garden water for consumption by insects. Insects present within these gardens would engage with the clip, bringing them closer to pollination targets. Providing safe and accessible water sources for insects in this manner would contribute to the well-being of humans, non-human animals, and the environment. This would be made possible by facilitating efficient pollen transfer and subsequent plant reproduction while simultaneously attempting to reduce biophobia, exposing humans to the beneficial roles of insects in their gardens.
Optimasi CMC Na dan Carbopol dalam Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.) dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design
Authors: Saryanti Dwi , Tyas Dinar Ajie Kusumaning
Published: January 2024

Ketapang leaves (Terminalia cattapa L.) contain flavonoid and tannin which can be used as an antibacterial. This research aims to find the optimal comparison between CMC Na and carbopol concentrations. Carbopol can compensate for the lack of CMC Na in ketapang leaf ethanol extract gel (GEEDK), because CMC Na has lower spreadability and viscosity than carbopol. In this research, expert design software version 13 was used using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Optimization was carried out to produce the best base mixture by including response pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesive. The SPSS One Sample T test program was used to confirm the optimal formula obtained. The best GEEDK formula with a CMC composition of 79.85% and carbopol 20.15% in 4g gelling agent, with a desirability value of 0.990. The optimal formula produces gel that does not pass viscosity and spreadability tests, with a pH of 6,67 ± 0,957, a viscosity of 480 ± 2,998 dPas, a spreadability of 3.55 ± 0,302 cm, and an adhesion time of 22.61 ± 0.112 seconds. The verification results show that there is no statistically significant difference between predictions and test results and it can be concluded that SLD is valid for identifying the best formulation. The acceptability test results with a value of 3, indicate that the optimal GEEDK formula was well accepted by respondents.
Keywords:          Optimization, Ketapang leaf (Terminalia cattapa L.), Simplex Lattice Design, gels
 
Abstrak
Daun ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan tanin yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari perbandingan optimal antara konsentrasi CMC Na dan carbopol. Carbopol dapat mengkompensasi kekurangan CMC Na dalam gel ekstrak etanol daun ketapang (GEEDK), karena CMC Na memiliki daya sebar dan viskositas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan carbopol. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan software design expert versi 13 dengan menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Optimasi dilakukan untuk menghasilkan formula campuran basis terbaik dengan memasukkan respon, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat. Program uji SPSS One Sample T digunakan untuk mengkonfirmasi formula optimal yang diperoleh. Formula GEEDK terbaik dengan komposisi CMC 79,85% dan carbopol 20,15% pada total gelling agent yang digunakan sebanyak 4 g, dengan nilai desirability 0,990. Formula optimal menghasilkan gel yang tidak lulus uji viskositas dan daya sebar, dengan pH 6,67±0,957, viskositas 480±2,998 dPas, daya sebar 3,55±0,302 cm, dan waktu adhesi 22,61±0,112 detik. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara prediksi dan hasil pengujian dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa SLD valid untuk mengidentifikasi formulasi terbaik. Hasil pengujian akseptabilitas dengan nilai 3, menunjukkan bahwa formula optimal GEEDK diterima dengan baik oleh responden.
Kata Kunci:         Optimasi, Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.), Simplex Lattice Design, gel
Difusi Polifenol dari Krim Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dengan Peningkat Penetrasi Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Authors: Nissa Andi Rezki Khaerun , Arisanty Arisanty , Nurisyah Nurisyah
Published: January 2024

Moringa leaves are one of the plants that contain polyphenolic compounds so that they have the potential to be made cream preparations. In addition, cream preparations should have substances that are efficacious as penetration into the skin. This study was conducted to find out how DMSO as a penetration enhancer affects the penetration and diffusion of polyphenols in Moringa leaf extract cream. The cream is made with 4 formulations, each formula has DMSO concentration variations of 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Diffusion testing by Moringa leaf cream using Franz Diffusion cells and diffusion membranes in the form of cellophane membranes. Based on the results of the study that F2 with a DMSO concentration of 20% showed the highest diffusion of polyphenols, the highest cumulative amount of penetrated polyphenols and the best polyphenol release profile. The results of statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA show that F2 and F3 have significance (p < 0.05) compared to F0 without penetration.
Keywords:          Diffusion Polyphenols, Creams, Moringa Leaves, Penetration Enhancers
 
Abstrak
Daun Kelor merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa polifenol sehingga berpotensi dibuat sediaan krim. Disamping itu, sediaan krim sepatutnya mempunyai zat yang berkhasiat sebagai penetrasi menembus ke dalam kulit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana DMSO sebagai peningkat penetrasi mempengaruhi penetrasi dan difusi polifenol pada krim ekstrak daun kelor. Krim dibuat dengan 4 formulasi yang tiap formulanya memiliki variasi konsentrasi DMSO 0%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Pengujian difusi oleh krim daun kelor menggunakan sel Difusi Franz serta membrane difusi berupa membrane selofan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa F2 dengan konsentrasi DMSO 20% menunjukkan difusi polifenol tertinggi, jumlah kumulatif polifenol terpenetrasi tertinggi dan profil pelepasan polifenol terbaik. Hasil analisis statistic menggunakan One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa F2 dan F3 memiliki signifikansi (p < 0,05) dibanding F0 tanpa penetrasi.
Kata Kunci:         Difusi Polifenol, Krim, Daun Kelor, Peningkat Penetrasi
Profil Perawatan Karies Gigi pada Anak Usia 0-18 Tahun di Poli Gigi dan Mulut Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Periode 2018–2021
Authors: Triyana Vitta Anzelia , Hanan Nydia , Munir Musnar
Published: January 2024

According to the 2018 National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) Report, dental health statistics for East Kalimantan Province indicated that merely 13.8% of the population received dental care from dental healthcare professionals. Children are susceptible to developing dental caries as a result of their frequent consumption of cariogenic foods. The present investigation employs an observational approach with a descriptive research design. The sampling method utilized in this study was purposive sampling. The study population comprised of pediatric patients aged 0- 18 years who received treatment at the Dental and Oral Polyclinic of Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Regional Public Hospital from 2018 to 2021. The total number of participants included in the study was 847. The findings of this investigation suggest that the predominant therapeutic intervention administered to individuals between the ages of 0 and 18 years is root canal therapy, with a higher frequency of treatment observed among female subjects. The lower right quadrant is the dental region that is most commonly subjected to caries treatment.
Keywords:          Dental carries treatment, Teeth, Children
 
Abstrak
Data kesehatan gigi Provinsi Kalimantan Timur di Laporan Riskesdas 2018 mengemukakan bahwa prevalensi penduduk yang menerima perawatan gigi dari tenaga medis gigi di Kalimantan Timur adalah sebanyak 13,8%. Karies gigi rentan terjadi pada usia anak-anak karena banyaknya konsumsi makanan kariogenik. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan desain penelitian deskriptif dan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien anak berusia 0–18 tahun di Poli Gigi dan Mulut Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie pada tahun 2018–2021 sebanyak 847 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perawatan yang banyak diterima anak usia 0–18 tahun adalah perawatan saluran akar, jenis kelamin yang paling banyak menerima perawatan adalah pasien perempuan, dan regio gigi yang paling sering mendapatkan perawatan karies adalah regio kanan bawah.
Kata Kunci:         Perawatan Karies, Gigi, Anak
Skrining Fitokimia dan Penentuan Nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Ekstrak Etanol 95% Daun Rambusa (Passiflora foetida L) sebagai Tabir Surya
Authors: Sari Ghani Nurfiana Fadma , Rejeki Endang Sri
Published: January 2024

According to several studies, the rambusa plant has great antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antihyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory activity. Rambusa leaves have nutritive compounds such triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) number, which defines the length of time a person's skin can be exposed to sunlight without experiencing sunburn, determines the quantity of sunscreen's effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to examine the composition and in vitro sunscreen activity of a 95% ethanol extract of rambusa leaves. This research began with making rambusa leaf powder. The powder obtained is followed by determining the water content. This study used the maceration method of extraction with a 95% ethanol solvent. Sunscreen activity is measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength between 290 and 320 nm. The Mansur method is employed for determining the SPF value. The study's findings showed that the SPF value of rambusa leaf extract was 4.26 at a concentration of 41.28 g/ml has moderate protection, 3.74 at a dosage of 41.16 g/ml, and 3.18 at a concentration of 40.88 g/ml, which was categorized as providing only minimal protection. Furthermore, alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tannin, and saponin chemicals are present in the 95% ethanol extract of rambusa leaves.
Keywords:          Rambusa leaves, sunscreen, SPF
 
Abstrak
Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman rambusa memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi, antidiabetes, antibakteri, antihiperurisemia dan antiinflamasi. Daun rambusa mengandung zat berkhasiat yaitu triterpenoid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Besarnya kemampuan tabir surya ditentukan melalui nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) yang menyatakan lamanya kulit seseorang berada dibawah sinar matahari tanpa mengalami sengatan surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dan aktivitas tabir surya ekstrak etanol 95% daun rambusa secara invitro. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan serbuk daun rambusa. Serbuk yang diperoleh dilanjutkan dengan penetapan kadar air. Pembuatan ekstrak daun rambusa menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 95%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diidentifikasi skrining fitokimia dan penentuan aktivitas tabir surya. Penetapan aktivitas tabir surya menggunakan alat spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 290 hingga 320 nm. Penentuan nilai SPF menggunakan metode Mansur. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah nilai SPF ekstrak daun rambusa sebagai berikut: konsentrasi 41,28 µg/ml sebesar 4,26 memiliki proteksi sedang, konsentrasi 41,16 µg/ml sebesar 3,74 dan konsentrasi 40,88 µg/ml sebesar 3,18 tergolong memiliki proteksi minimal. Ekstrak etanol 95% daun rambusa mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tanin dan saponin.
Kata Kunci:         Daun rambusa, tabir surya, SPF
Formulasi dan Uji SPF Sediaan Sunscreen Powder Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Karimah Ira Siti , Dani Rendi Saepul , Agustin Hanisa , Rohmawati Sri , Rahmawati Luthfi , Susanti Susanti
Published: January 2024

The repeated use of sunscreen makes many types and dosage forms of sunscreen. Sunscreen powder is a good alternative form of sunscreen because their use does not damage the make-up on the face. Moringa leaf extract containing flavonoids such as quercetin has antioxidant activity that can inhibit free radicals. These antioxidant compounds are very important in the content of active substances in a sunscreen. The aim of this study was to formulate moringa leaf extract into a sunscreen powder and determine the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Moringa leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol and then made into a powder with 3 variations of extract concentration (F1=1%, F2=2%, F3=3%). Furthermore, evaluation of the product was carried out including organoleptic, pH, humidity, irritation and SPF. The results showed that the moringa leaf extract sunscreen powder met the requirements for good sunscreen powder characteristics. The SPF value of Moringa leaf extract sunscreen powder based on test results using uv-visible spectrophotometry showed the type of ultra protection, namely F1 of 18.07, F2 of 20.31 and F3 of 20.36.
Keywords:          moringa leaf, sunscreen powder, SPF
 
Abstrak
Penggunaan tabir surya (sunscreen) secara berulang atau dikenal dengan istilah proses re-apply sunscreen menjadikan banyaknya jenis dan bentuk sediaan sunscreen. Sediaan sunscreen powder merupakan suatu alternatif bentuk sediaan sunscreen yang baik karena pada penggunaannya tidak merusak riasan pada wajah. Ekstrak daun kelor dengan kandungan flavonoid seperti kuersetin memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang mampu menghambat radikal bebas. Senyawa antioksidan tersebut sangat penting dalam kandungan zat aktif pada suatu sediaan sunscreen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun kelor menjadi sediaan sunscreen powder dan mengetahui nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Daun kelor diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian dibuat menjadi sediaan powder dengan 3 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak (F1=1%, F2=2%, F3=3%). Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, kelembaban, iritasi dan SPF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan sunscreen powder ekstrak daun kelor memenuhi persyaratan karakteristik sediaan yang baik. Nilai SPF sediaan sunscreen powder ekstrak daun kelor berdasarkan hasil uji menggunakan spektrofotometri uv-visible menunjukkan tipe proteksi ultra yaitu F1 sebesar 18,07, F2 sebesar 20,31 dan F3 sebesar 20,36.
Kata Kunci:         daun kelor, sunscreen powder, SPF
Patient Profile and Survival Rate of Breast Cancer Patients with FEC Chemotherapy Regimen at H. Adam Malik Hospital
Authors: Syahri G Alfi , Murwanti Retno , Nugroho Agung Endro
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease that impacts public health worldwide, including Indonesia. There are various chemotherapy regimens that are currently available. One widely utilized chemotherapy regimen for breast cancer is the FEC regimen, which combines 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide. This study provides a study of patient profiles and survival rates among breast cancer patients undergoing FEC chemotherapy at H. Adam Malik Hospital. The study utilized a descriptive-retrospective approach with data collected from the medical records of patients who underwent FEC therapy at RSUP H. Adam Malik during January-December 2019. A total of 157 patients were administered anthracycline-based treatment, with 54 patients receiving FEC (34.39%). The majority of individuals under the FEC regimen were primarily luminal B (51.75%) and IBC (33.33%). The survival rate for individuals using the FEC chemotherapy regimen was found to be 37.98 months. Additionally, patients with risk factors associated with invasive breast cancer (IBC) exhibited a 1.20-fold increased risk of mortality compared to individuals with other forms of breast cancer. The first-line FEC chemotherapy regimen continues to be a feasible therapeutic option for subtypes of breast cancer, and there is no discernible variation in survival rate observed across these characteristics.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Nutrasetikal Gummy Candy dari Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) dengan Kombinasi Madu Hutan (Apis dorsata) sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Novianti Karina Putri , Ramadhan Adam M.
Published: January 2024

Gummy candy is a nutraceutical product that is currently trending in the society. Sungkai leaves and forest honey are natural ingredients that contain high antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the combination of sungkai leaf extract and forest honey, to determine the optimal gummy candy base formula supported by Design Expert V.13 software, to determine the gummy candy preparation formula of the combination of sungkai leaf extract and forest honey that is good and its potential as an antioxidant The results showed that the combination of sungkai leaf extract and honey with a ratio of 1:1 produced antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 81.5 ppm. Base optimization on the concentration of gelatin and carrageenan selected gelatin 14% and carrageenan 2%. gummy candy that has been made has antioxidant activity worth IC50 51.1 ppm. The results of organoleptic testing are in the normal category, with a moisture content of 12.55% ± 0.48, ash content of 1.04% ± 0.210, meeting the requirements of weight uniformity, and not containing heavy metal contamination.
Keywords:          Sungkai leaf, Forest Honey, Nutraceutical, Gummy candy, Antioxidant
 
Abstrak
Gummy candy merupakan sediaan nutrasetikal yang saat ini sedang tren di masyarakat. Daun sungkai dan madu hutan merupakan bahan alam yang mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak daun sungkai dan madu hutan, mengetahui formula optimal basis gummy candy yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak Design Expert V.13, mengetahui formulasi sediaan gummy candy kombinasi ekstrak daun sungkai dan madu hutan yang baik dan potensinya sebagai antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kombinasi ekstrak daun sungkai dan madu dengan perbandingan 1:1 menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 81,5 ppm. Optimasi basis pada konsentrasi gelatin dan karagenan yang terpilih gelatin 14% dan karagenan 2%. gummy candy yang telah dibuat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan senilai IC50 51,1 ppm. Hasil pengujian organoleptik termasuk kategori normal, dengan kadar air sebesar 12,55%±0,48, kadar abu 1,04%±0,210 memenuhui persyaratan keseragaman bobot, dan tidak mengandung cemaran logam berat.
Kata Kunci:         Daun Sungkai, Madu Hutan, Nutrasetikal, Gummy Candy, Antioksidan
Revisioning Financial Education: Shortcomings and Opportunities for Transformation
Authors: Paul Lara , Knudson Sarah
Published: January 2024

Early, comprehensive and contextually relevant instruction in financial literacy for youth has been found to positively influence financial behaviours as well as psychosocial outcomes such as stress management and feelings of self-efficacy. Yet, financial literacy resources and secondary school curricula have several key limitations, such as piecemeal delivery, which hinder their potential to promote positive and lasting habits. With a focus on the Canadian context, we first assess the potential benefits and limitations of financial literacy education. We then present and assess a newly released financial education curriculum package from Western Canada, analyzing its proposed delivery framework and possibilities for implementation elsewhere.
"Fuzzy Feet and The Skunk": Connecting Western and Indigenous Theories of Development and Learning Through Story
Authors: Yee Nikki , Hiebert Alicia
Published: January 2024

This article looks at how Indigenous and Western perspectives on learning and development are interwoven and come into dialogue with one another to create supportive and inclusive classrooms for Indigenous (and all) students. We use a storytelling methodology to address this focus and offer a holistic approach to our analysis. Specifically, we provide a fictional story followed by an in-depth analysis to tease out how Indigenous students continue to experience racism and colonialism in schools and what theories of learning and development may offer in addressing these challenges. This article offers insight about how both practising teachers and teacher educators can build upon the wisdom of Indigenous ways of learning and Western educational practices to re-imagine inclusive classrooms that can support Indigenous (and all) learners.
Surprising Taxonomies: A Book Review of Lauren Berlant and Kathleen Stewart’s The Hundreds
Authors: Kitchin Adrienne
Published: January 2024

In this book review, the form and function of what the writing is doing in Lauren Berlant and Kathleen Stewart’s The Hundreds is one of the many points of focus. Following the lines of posthuman, new materialist, and affect theories, the poems (what the authors refer to as makings) offer a fresh and lively engagement with academic scholarship. This is a scholarship interwoven with creativity presenting an elsewhere of form for the merging of academic and creative thought. Berlant and Stewart use engaging ideas to offer their book as an encounter and allow for interactive opportunities for their readers. While this is a concise book at 173 pages, it has no shortage of depth and creativity, concepts that the reviewer explores.
Bien-être scolaire et relations sociales des collégien·ne·s au temps de la COVID-19
Authors: Mercier Cendrine , Florin Agnès , Zanna Omar , Constans Stéphanie
Published: January 2024

Lors du premier déconfinement en France, dans le contexte de la pandémie de la COVID-19, une enquête en ligne auto-administrée, portant sur le bien-être subjectif, a été renseignée par des collégien·ne·s revenus au collège en France (fin primaire et début secondaire – entre 11 et 14 ans – dans le système canadien) à partir du 18 mai 2020 et d’autres restés à domicile pour suivre leur scolarité. Les 286 retours exploitables rendent compte des différences significatives du vécu scolaire des deux groupes en termes de relations sociales notamment qui ont été basculées par le principe de « distance sociale ». Les premières conclusions confirment les résultats des travaux menés sur le bien-être des élèves et révèlent de nouveaux éléments à considérer dans la mesure du bien-être subjectif des élèves.
Dr. Kenneth Libbrecht, Scientist and Artist
Authors: Tsun Haggarty Holly
Published: January 2024

A description of this issue's contributing artist and his work.
Canadian News
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

The Canadian Jesuit Missions have announced the donation of Rs. 10,000 for relief work among Bengali refugees in Assam, India.
Books Received
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

The Hai Hong: Profit, Tears and Joy by Rene Pappone. Published by Employ- ment and Immigration Canada. 1982. This book tells the story of the Cana- dian government's involvement in the 1978 Indochinese refugee crisis. The author, Rene Pappone, was at that time employed by Employment and Immigration Canada as a- media rela- tions officer.
The Minister Writes
Authors: Axworthy Lloyd
Published: January 2024

In recent weeks there have been a number of inaccurate reports concerning government services available to Indochinese and other refugees. The nature and extent of the misinformation currently circulating on this subject have compelled me to address the issue per- sonally. While we all recognize that it is extremely difficult to correct any media misinterpretation of the facts, I am con- cerned that the media coverage may distort the public understanding of the work of many refugee organizations; such coverage fails to reflect the broad range of joint government/voluntary sector projects and programs which are either proposed or underway to assist refugees in Canada. I also wanted to ensure that you had received informa- tion about some recent initiatives in the refugee resettlement field.
Canadian News
Authors: Refuge Editor
Published: January 2024

'Ulegał immigration in Canada is a major problem that is growing every day. Something must be done about it." The report on illegal immigrants presented to Employment and Immigra- tion Minister Lloyd Axworthy by the Canada Employment and Immigration Advisory Council has found that illegal immigration in Canada is a major pro- blem. The Council was unable to arrive at an exact figure for the number of illegal immigrants in Canada due to a lack of precise data; however, the Coun- cil believes that the number 200, 000, often used as an estimate, is conser- vative.
Apology and Retraction
Authors: Guignard Lilace Mellin
Published: January 2024

It's not the sex I miss so much, as the easy way
Notes on Etching Heaven
Authors: Leech Angus
Published: January 2024

The map systems of the Western world have their origins in geometric grids developed to chart the Heavens-the starry abode of divine rationality, and of perfect order.
Abolish Work!
Authors: Shantz Jeff
Published: January 2024

The meaning of work is once again on the social agenda and gaining increasing relevance for contemporary political struggles.
Hand Made
Authors: Garramone Pariss
Published: January 2024

I see your 'exercising'—all of it—as everyday resistance to stereotypes and ageism.
Webdrops
Authors: Wilkes James
Published: January 2024

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Transcomposition: The Future is Fungal
Authors: Zytaruk Melinda
Published: January 2024

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Untitled
Authors: Sarick Tema
Published: January 2024

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How Does a Woman Become a Bird?
Authors: Sau Wai Tai Rosabella
Published: January 2024

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Industrial Ecology
Authors: Keil Roger
Published: January 2024

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Traces of the Leslie St. Spit
Authors: Kulba Brent
Published: January 2024

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Untitled
Authors: Huh Jin
Published: January 2024

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Hall of Columns
Authors: Lessels Christina
Published: January 2024

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Anned & Untitled
Authors: Young Ryan
Published: January 2024

and we waited all summerfor him to arriveand we smelt blossomson the quiet breezes of summerand we feastedon yellow zucchinis and breadand we thought of those in bedwho were dreaming of their destinies unboundedand still no sign of him
Speaking Animals
Authors: La Rocque Margot
Published: January 2024

Nature conservationists have often credited wildlife documentaries with doing much to awaken public environmental concern. But these assertions have given too little critical thought to what I take to be a central problem: the failure of such programs to address what we might term issues of ideology. Wildlife documentaries present a view of the world in which such issues are deliberately kept underdeveloped, and are isolated conceptually from other· social and political domains. We need then to ask the following questions: In what ways do these documentaries serve to legitimate existing human relationships with the nonhuman? And how do they affect our perception of, and our willingness to take action on, environmental problems?
Towards an Urban Ecological Consciousness
Authors: Daigle Jean-Marc
Published: January 2024

The "Green City"2 has in recent years emerged as an integrated conceptual framework with which to respond locally to the global environmental crisis. In theory, a Green City is "in harmony with ecosystems that support it, and ... contains a populace that considers itself a part of the biosphere and acts accordingly."3 The concept, in short, addresses the need for our society to respectfully build with, rather than impose upon, the land and the natural world.
The Intertwining Wildness Of Flesh-Child Becoming
Authors: Nonnekes Paul
Published: January 2024

Let us explore two central facts of the child's experience: first, that it has a body and second, that it exists on the earth. Let us do so with the help of a third term, called the flesh, which can mediate between these two experiences. Let us further explore the nature of the interaction between earth, body and flesh by way of the concept of intertwining calling attention to a constant interpresencing of elements, and also by way of the concept of wildness calling attention to an absence of artificially imposed boundaries.
The Moral Status of Animals
Authors: O'Sullivan Nancy
Published: January 2024

If ethical thinking is an evolutionary process, as Aldo Leopold, the father of modem environmental ethics, thought it was, 1 then today we stand at a crossroads in that discipline. Or is it instead, a dead end? For thousands, if not tens-of-thousands of years, human beings have despotically ruled the rest of the animal kingdom. Believing ourselves to be superior, other species were categorized as existing "merely as a means to an end," 2 a human end, that is. Animals, other than humans, held no moral status.3
Toward a Theory of the Body in Critical Social Change
Authors: Birkemeyer Karen
Published: January 2024

Understanding the significance of the human body as · a locus in which to access and analyze environmental. approaches requires first an understanding of the role of the body in post -modem culture and life. It is notable that the human body should, at this poi_nt in history, come to play a major role in some of the most important social issues of our time. After all, the development of Western civilization was premised on the cultivation of the human capacity towards calculative and analytic thought, ways ofkriowing reached via the suppression and denial of the animated body through its disassociation from, arid therefore relfication by, the human mind.
The Nonhuman in Human Psychological Development
Authors: Fisher Andy
Published: January 2024

This essay is edited from a larger paper entitled "A Critique of Developmental Psychology in Light of the Ecologicai Crisis."
Stories and Rituals in the Interstices between Utopias and Apocalypses
Authors: Ivakhiv Adrian
Published: January 2024

We walked along the beach, shrouded in fog, with only the sound of the waves lapping gently against the shore giving us a sense of direction. We walked slowly: I, unable to see any shapes or fonns in the dense mist, held your hand tightly; you sensed the way forward, each step a mystery into an abyss, each step an eternity, where all things swirled half-remembered and all memories shimmered with the safety of their concealment.
The Effect of Arumanis Mango Rind (Mangifera indica L) Extract as Antidiabetic in Rats Model
Authors: Ifmaily Ifmaily , Firla Afni , Fitriani Putri Rizki
Published: January 2024

Arumanis  mango (Mangifera indica L) rind is one of the organic wastes containing flavonoid compounds. The objectives of this study were to find out the effect of arumanis mango rind extract on alloxan-induced blood glucose reduction in rats, to find out the most effective dose for reducing the levels of blood glucose in diabetic rats, and to find out the histopathology of the pancreas in diabetic rats.We used experimental method. In this study, 24 rats were divided into six groups consisting of I negative control, II positive control, III, IV, V different doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW and VI comparison group ( glibenclamide ). Groups II to VI were administered alloxan at 150 mg/kg BW for 3 days, and then the extract was administered to each group for 14 days, except group II. The levels of blood glucose were measured using a glucometer via the capillary of rat’s tail,  before and after induction and after administration of extract to all groups. The results are analyzed by the one-way ANOVA it showed significantly different results (p< 0.05 ). The extract of arumanis mango rind in all doses, had an effect on decreasing the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats effectively in dose of 400 mg/kg BW ( group V ) and histopathology desricptive results showed that arumanis mango rind extract could reduce damage to the pancreatic islet of Langerhans with histopathology of the exocrine glands and endocrine glands at group V was better than at group III and IV.
Pharmacy Staff's Recommendations for Self-Medication Requests on Non-Infectious Productive Cough: A Study in Padang City, Indonesia
Authors: Nasif Hansen , Andrelva Cynthia Bella , Sari Yelly Oktavia
Published: January 2024

Cough is a physiological reflex to liberate the airway from mucus or foreign objects. Many cough medicines in pharmacies require special expertise to select the proper medication according to the patient's condition. This research aims to evaluation recommendations of drugs for non-productive cough for self-medication from pharmacy staff in Kuranji subdistrict, Padang City.  A cross-sectional study with total sampling techniques is used for collecting data. This research uses a structured interview technique with the main question, what medicine would pharmacy staff recommend if an adult patient comes with a productive cough without any symptoms of infection? There are 30 pharmacies in Kuranji subdistrict, but data that meets the inclusion criteria is only from 25 pharmacies because five pharmacies are not willing to be research sites. Those who were willing to take part in this research were 16 pharmacists and nine non-pharmacist staff. Only 37.5% (6 of 16) of correct drug recommendations were given by pharmacists, and 33.3% (3 of 9) of proper drug recommendations were provided by non-pharmacist staff. There are still many things that could be improved in drug recommendations for this case, with a total average of correct administration of only 36%. The proper drug choices were Bromhexin and Acetylcysteine, while other drugs that were incorrectly chosen were drugs that should have been given with a doctor's prescription, branded drugs with more than one active ingredient , herbs or not the drug of choice for now.There are still many mistakes in the medicine choice, with an average total of only 36% accurate recommendations.
Testing the effectiveness of hair growth tonic with cocoa bean extract on mice for physical stability and activity
Authors: Alfian Muhammad , Hasanudin Muhammad Nurul , Maulana Mochamad Luqni
Published: January 2024

Cocoa is a highly valued plant due to its versatile uses, including being processed into cosmetic products. Hair loss and slow hair growth are common hair-related concerns that can be effectively addressed through the use of hair tonics. Previously, research has shown that cocoa bean can effectively stimulate hair growth when made into a cream. Our research aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content of cocoa beans extract, formulate the extract into a hair growth tonic, and test its physical stability and effectiveness on hair growth in mice. Cocoa beans extracted by maceration method and conducted phytochemical screening. This extract was then used to create three formulations with different extract concentrations of 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, which were tested for physical stability, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, and specific gravity. Mice were divided into five treatment groups, hair length growth measurements were taken every week, on the 7th, 14th and 21st days. Six strands of hair were taken from the application area, and their length was measured using a calliper. Results revealed that cocoa seed extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolics. The formula with a 0.3% concentration of cocoa bean extract showed the best physical stability. Hair growth tests on mice showed no significant difference between the 0.3% and 0.5% cocoa bean extract formulas and the positive control in the second week. The 0.3% formula is the best for ensuring good physical stability and promoting hair growth in mice when used twice daily for two weeks
Anti-inflammatory activity of An Ethanol Extract of Pucuk Merah (Syzigium myrtifolium Walp.) in vivo
Authors: Nursyafni Nursyafni , Rahmawati Ayu , Indriani Lusi , Ashari Dicki Hamed
Published: January 2024

Compared with classical Utilization of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory properties, it needs to be done to find alternative treatments with relatively more minor side effects, such as Syzygium myrtifolium walp. This study aims to determine the effective dose of ethanol extract of pucuk merah as an anti-inflammatory in 30 male white rats of the Wistar strain. Testing the extract's anti-inflammatory effect was measured by measuring the edema volume on the soles of the rats' feet after being induced with 1% carrageenan with a pletismometer. The test animals were divided into six treatment groups, namely group 1 negative control (Na CMC 1%), group 2 positive control (Na Diclofenac 50 mg/KgBW), group 3 (dose of pucuk merah leaves extract 75 mg/KgBW), group 4 (quantity of pucuk merah leaves extract 100 mg/kgBW), and group 5 (amount of pucuk merah leaves extract 125 mg/kg BW), with observation times of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The results showed that rats in group 5 with a dose of pucuk merah (125 mg/kgBW) had the best anti-inflammatory effect, with an anti-inflammatory potential of 97% compared to diclofenac sodium.