bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Guidelines in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: KLIGER ALAN S. , HALEY WILLIAM E.
Published: April 2021

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for end-stage renal failure (ESRD) were recently published, and represent a comprehensive review of available literature and the considered judgment of experts in ESRD. To prioritize and implement these guidelines, the evidence underlying each guideline should be ranked and the attributes of each should be defined. Strategies to improve practice patterns should be tested. Focused information for each high priority guideline should be disseminated, including a synopsis and assessment of the underlying evidence, the evidence model used to develop that guideline, and suggested strategies for CPG implementation. Clinical performance measures should be developed and used to measure current practice, and the success of changing practice patterns on clinical outcomes. Individual practitioners and dialysis facilities should be encouraged to utilize continuous quality improvement techniques to put the guidelines into effect. Local implementation should proceed at the same time as a national project to convert high priority CPGs into clinical performance measures proceeds. Patients and patient care organizations should participate in this process, and professional organizations must make a strong commitment to educate clinicians in the methodology of CPG and performance measure development and the techniques of continuous quality improvement. Health care regulators should understand that CPGs are not standards, but are statements that assist practitioners and patients in making decisions.
Stereologic Methods and Their Application in Kidney Research
Authors: NYENGAARD JENS R.
Published: April 2021

Stereologic methods are used to obtain quantitative information about three-dimensional structures based on observations from section planes or—to a limited degree—projections. Stereologic methods, which are used in biologic research and especially in the research of normal and pathologic kidneys, will be discussed in this review. Special emphasis will be placed on modern stereologic methods, free of assumptions of the structure, size, and shape, etc., so-called UFAPP (unbiased for all practical purposes) stereologic methods. The basic foundation of all stereology, sampling, will be reviewed in relation to most of the methods discussed. Estimation of error variances and some of the basic problems in stereology will be reviewed briefly. Finally, a few comments will be made about the future directions for stereology in kidney research.
Donor G Protein β3 Subunit 825TT Genotype Is Associated with Reduced Kidney Allograft Survival
Authors: BEIGE JOACHIM , ENGELI STEFAN , RINGEL JENS , OFFERMANN GERD , DISTLER ARMIN , SHARMA ARYA M.
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have identified a novel polymorphism (C825T) of the gene encoding the β3 subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gβ3), associated with enhanced activation of G proteins, which appears to be more common in hypertensive patients. In the present study, the relationship between this genetic variant and kidney allograft survival was examined over the first 3 yr after transplantation, in 320 consecutive Caucasian patients recruited from the Berlin-Steglitz transplantation center between 1988 and 1993. Clinical parameters, transplantation data, and details of graft survival were retrieved from clinical records. After multivariate adjustment for covariates (Cox hazard regression), the Gβ3 825TT donor-genotype was associated with a significantly decreased graft survival representing a relative risk of graft loss of 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.8) compared to TC and CC grafts within the observation period. This association between donor TT genotype and graft survival remained stable even after stepwise exclusion of covariates from the multivariate model. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between recipient genotype and allograft function. These findings indicate that individuals receiving renal allografts from donors homozygous for the Gβ3-825T allele may have an increased risk of developing allograft failure. Additional studies on the role of this genetic marker as well as the role of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in the development of chronic rejection appear warranted.
Renal Expression of Aquaporins in Liver Cirrhosis Induced by Chronic Common Bile Duct Ligation in Rats
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-LLAMA PATRICIA , TURNER RACHEL , DIBONA GERALD , KNEPPER MARK A.
Published: April 2021

Semiquantitative immunoblotting was used to investigate the expression levels of the four major renal aquaporins, the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter of the thick ascending limb, the type 3 Na-H exchanger, and the Na-K-ATPase in kidneys from rats with cirrhosis secondary to common bile duct ligation (CBDL). These rats had significant water retention and hyponatremia. In contrast to models of cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride, aquaporin-2 expression in CBDL-induced cirrhosis was decreased. Thus, these results show that in the setting of extracellular fluid volume expansion, excessive water retention with hyponatremia can occur in the absence of increases in aquaporin-2 abundance. In addition, the expression levels of the two basolateral collecting duct aquaporins (aquaporin-3 and -4) were decreased in CBDL rats relative to sham-operated control rats. Similarly, the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter of the thick ascending limb and the type 3 Na-H exchanger showed decreases in expression. In contrast, the expression levels of aquaporin-1 and the α1 subunit of the Na-K-ATPase were not decreased. Thus, dysregulation of multiple water channels and ion transporters may play a role in water balance abnormalities associated with CBDL-induced cirrhosis in rats.
Apoptosis of Tubular Epithelial Cells in Donor Kidney Biopsies Predicts Early Renal Allograft Function
Authors: OBERBAUER RAINER , ROHRMOSER MANUELA , REGELE HEINZ , MÜHLBACHER FERDINAND , MAYER GERT
Published: April 2021

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious complication in the early postoperative period after kidney transplantation. In an effort to identify subjects at risk, several donor-, recipient-, and procedure-related factors have been studied. Because no morphologic parameter predictive of delayed graft function has been identified to date, this study was conducted to determine whether the number of apoptotic cells in donor biopsies obtained before engraftment is predictive of the development of posttransplant ARF. Donor biopsies of patients with “biopsyproven” acute tubular damage but no signs of rejection (n = 23) showed significantly higher counts of apoptotic tubular epithelial cells when compared to patients with immediate transplant function (n = 44) or early rejection (n = 22). In all groups, a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic cells was found in the distal compared to the proximal tubule. The expression of bcl-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was not different among the groups. Late allograft function was not affected by early ARF as serum creatinine values were similar in all three groups after 6 mo. These data suggest that the number of apoptotic renal tubular epithelial cells in donor biopsies before engraftment is predictive of the early postoperative course in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
Cytotoxicity of Antiviral Nucleotides Adefovir and Cidofovir Is Induced by the Expression of Human Renal Organic Anion Transporter 1
Authors: HO EDMUND S. , LIN DEBORAH C. , MENDEL DIRK B. , CIHLAR TOMAS
Published: April 2021

The transport of organic anions in proximal convoluted tubules plays an essential role in the active secretion of a variety of small molecules by the kidney. In addition to other anionic substrates, the human renal organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) is capable of transporting the nucleotide analogs adefovir and cidofovir. To investigate the involvement of hOAT1 in the mechanism of nephrotoxicity associated with these two clinically important antiviral agents, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected with hOAT1 cDNA. The resulting CHOhOAT cells showed probenecid-sensitive and pH-dependent uptake of p-aminohippurate (K
m = 15.4 μM, V
max = 20.6 pmol/106 cells · min), a prototypical organic anion substrate. In addition, the stably expressed hOAT1 mediated efficient transport of adefovir (K
m = 23.8 μM, V
max = 46.0 pmol/106 cells · min) and cidofovir (K
m = 58.0 μM, V
max = 103 pmol/106 cells · min) such that the levels of intracellular metabolites of both nucleotides were >100-fold higher in CHOhOAT cells than in parental CHO. Consequently, adefovir and cidofovir were approximately 500-fold and 400-fold more cytotoxic, respectively, in CHOhOAT cells compared to CHO. The cytotoxicity of both drugs in CHOhOAT cells was markedly reduced in the presence of hOAT1 inhibitors. The cyclic prodrug of cidofovir, which exhibits reduced in vivo nephrotoxicity, was a poor substrate for hOAT1 and showed only marginally increased cytotoxicity in CHOhOAT cells. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that hOAT1 plays a critical role in the organ-specific toxicity of adefovir and cidofovir, and indicates that CHOhOAT cells may represent a useful in vitro model to investigate the potential nephrotoxicity of clinically relevant organic anion agents.
Functional and Structural Correlates of Glomerulosclerosis after Renal Mass Reduction in the Rat
Authors: GRIFFIN KAREN A. , PICKEN MARIA M. , CHURCHILL MONIQUE , CHURCHILL PAUL , BIDANI ANIL K.
Published: April 2021

Previously, it was shown that 5/6 renal mass reduction by surgical excision (RK-NX) results in a marked reduction of glomerulosclerosis (GS) at 6 wk compared with the conventional 5/6 renal ablation by infarction (RK-I) model. To determine the pathogenetic correlates of the striking differences in GS, radiotelemetrically measured BP; single nephron function; glomerular volume; the temporal expression of mRNA for renin, transforming growth factor-β, and platelet-derived growth factor-B; and plasma renin concentration were compared between RK-NX, RK-I, and sham-operated control rats. Hypertension only developed in the RK-I model, was present at 3 d after infarction, and was correlated with both an increased expression of renin mRNA by Northern analysis and elevated plasma renin concentration. Structural (glomerular volume) and functional (single nephron blood flow and GFR) indices of the compensatory adaptive response were significantly but similarly increased in the RK-NX and RK-I rats compared with sham-operated controls, indicating that these adaptations per se are not responsible for the initiation of GS after 5/6 renal mass reduction. Glomerular capillary pressure (P
GC) was also significantly increased in both RK-I (56 ± 2 mmHg) and RK-NX rats (50 ± 0.9 mmHg) compared with controls (46 ± 0.8 mmHg, P < 0.01), but the increase was significantly greater in RK-I versus RK-NX rats (P < 0.05) consistent with the higher BP in RK-I rats. These data indicate that differences in renin probably account for the early divergence of BP (and P
GC) responses between RK-I and RK-NX models. Transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor-B mRNA expression in pooled RNA from kidneys from each group showed increases at 21 d along with early evidence of glomerular injury in the RK-I group but not in the RK-NX group, consistent with their postulated roles as molecular mediators of GS, but only in rats with pathologic glomerular hypertension.
Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins Inhibit Cytokine-Induced NF-κB Activation and Chemokine Production by Human Mesangial Cells
Authors: ROVIN BRAD H. , LU LING , COSIO ANNA
Published: April 2021

In the kidney an uncontrolled inflammatory response to an acute insult may lead to chronic inflammation, permanent tissue damage, and progressive renal insufficiency. Resolution of acute inflammation likely is dependent on endogenous regulatory mechanisms activated in parallel with mediators of renal inflammation. These mechanisms are postulated to attenuate the renal expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including the chemokines responsible for recruiting leukocytes to the kidney, thus facilitating the transition from inflammation to healing. To understand the regulation of the inflammatory response within the kidney, the effects of anti-inflammatory J series cyclopentenone prostaglandins on chemokine production by human mesangial cells were examined. Treatment of mesangial cells with prostaglandin J2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 blocked interleukin-1β—induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression and protein production. This correlated with failure of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to translocate to the nucleus and bind to its recognition motif, a step required for cytokine-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene activation. NF-κB failed to translocate because the cyclopentenone prostaglandins attenuated degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor IκB-α. These data suggest that certain prostaglandins can limit the extent of renal chemokine expression and thus may have an important role in resolving renal inflammation.
Evaluation of Impact of Ethics of Yoga in the Psychological Health of College Students: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors:   Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, S-VYASA Deemed-to-be-University, No.19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, Kempegowdanagar, Bengaluru, 560019, Karnataka, India., Xu Wen , Kumar Itagi R , Srinivasan Thaiyar M
Published: April 2021

Background/Objectives: The foundational ethical principles of yoga have not been of focus and not widely known. This study was to evaluate the yoga ethics that could reduce the level of stress in college students. Methods/Statisticalanalysis :A randomized control trial was conducted. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to control group and experiment group with a duration of three months intervention and one month follow-up. The outcome measures of stress level were assessed through Bio-Well instrument. A parametric independent sample t-test for the between-group analyses and paired sample t-test for within-group analysis compared the means of two groups. Findings: There was a statistically significant reduction in the stress after the intervention (p<0.001) and follow up (p=0.035) between the group comparisons. The within-group comparisons showed high reduced in the level of stress after the intervention (p<0.001) and follow-up (p<0.01). Novelty: The current study provides preliminary evidence that the practice of ethical principles of Yama and Niyama effectively reduces the stress and may improve psychological health and well-being. Keywords: Yoga ethics; Yama; Niyama; Stress; Psychological wellbeing; BioWell
Interaction of Pc4 ULF waves with solar wind velocity and its dependence on Kp values
Authors:   Department of Physics, G.F. College, Shahjahanpur, 242001, UP, India, Khan M T , Nafees K A , Singh A K
Published: April 2021

Background/Objectives: Magnetic Pulsations recorded on the ground in the earth are produced by processes inside the magnetosphere and solar wind. These processes produce a wide variety of ULF hydromagnetic wave type which can be categorized on the ground as either Pi or Pc pulsations (irregular or continuous). Methods: Distinctive regions of the magnetosphere originate different frequencies of waves. Digital Dynamic Spectra (DDS) for the northsouth (X), east-west (Y) and vertical (Z) components of the recorded data were constructed for every day for 365 days (January 1 to December 31, 2005) in the station order PON, HAN and NAG respectively. Pc4 geomagnetic pulsations are quasi-sinusoidal fluctuations in the earth’s magnetic field in the length range 45-150 seconds. The magnitude of these pulsations ranges from fraction of a Nano Tesla (nT) to several nT. The monthly variation of Pc4 occurrence has a Kp dependence range of 0 to 9-. However, Pc4 occurrence was reported for Kp values, yet the major Pc4 events occurred for rage 5+ <Kp< 8+. The magnitudes of intervals of Pc4 occurrence decreased in the station order PON, HAN and NAG respectively. Analysis of the data for the whole year 2005 provided similar patterns of Pc4 occurrence for Vsw at all the three stations. Although Pc4 ULF wave occurrence become reported for Vsw ranging from 250 to 1000 Km/s, yet the major Pc4 event recorded for a Vsw range of 300-700 Km/sec. Findings: The current study is undertaken for describing the interaction of Pc4 ULF waves with solar wind speed and its dependence on Kp values. The results suggest that the solar wind control Pc4 occurrence through a mechanism in which Pc4 wave energy is convected through the magnetosheath and coupled to the standing oscillations of the magnetospheric field lines. PACS Nos: 94.30.cq; 96.50.Tf Keywords: Geomagnetic micropulsations; MHD waves and instabilities; Solar wind-control of Pc4 pulsation
A journey towards the commitments of national education policy 2020 through concept mapping
Authors:   Amity Institute of Education, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh,, Pandey Sunil Kumar , Tyagi Harish Kumar
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To explore pedagogical goals and concerns in National Education Policy (NEP 2020), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. The current review tries to find some ways and methods to make learning process enjoyable and meaningful as desired by NEP 2020. The roles of concept mapping in achieving the pedagogical goals of NEP 2020, also objectify this paper. Method/Analysis: In pursuing of the objectives, NEP 2020 and a set of articles related to the topic were explored. This study provides critical analysis and review on the role of concept mapping in achieving the pedagogical goals of NEP 2020. The paper deals with the common concerns of NEP2020 and Concept Mapping. Findings: The outcome of the review is that Concept mapping can offer an effective tool in education for both, teaching and learning process by supporting an active and meaningful learning. Concept maps provide a unique graphical view of how students organize, connect, and synthesize information. Concept maps give students an opportunity to think about the connections between the concepts being learnt and reflect on their understanding of the concept which develops critical thinking of the learners. Further, it provides platform for collaboration, discussion; arriving at shared understandings among members of groups. Concept map can be used to replace rote learning with meaningful and enjoyable learning. Novelty: NEP 2020 has been explored and taken into consideration keenly to find its pedagogical goals. The role of concept mapping in achieving pedagogical goals of NEP 2020 has been highlighted in the present paper. Thus, the paper explores how concept mapping can be an effective tool in contributing to a great extent to meet the pedagogical goals of NEP 2020. Keywords: National Education Policy 2020; Pedagogy; Critical Thinking; Concept Mapping
Preparation of acute midbrain slices for patch-clamp recordings v3
Authors: Pavon Arocas Oriol , Branco Tiago
Published: April 2021

Here we describe two different approaches to prepare acute midbrain slices from young adult mice for slice electrophysiology experiments. We also provide general advice for troubleshooting common issues leading to suboptimal slice quality, as well as some suggestions to ensure good maintenance of a patch-clamp rig.
The ‘Stifling’ of New Climate Politics in Ireland
Authors: Fitzgerald Louise Michelle , Tobin Paul , Burns Charlotte , Eckersley Peter
Published: April 2021

In 2019, Ireland declared a ‘Climate Emergency,’ receiving plaudits from across the political spectrum for doing so. Some argued the country was experiencing an era of ‘new climate politics’: In 2017, Ireland had established the first Citizens’ Assembly on Climate, and in 2019 its Parliament debated a Climate Emergency Measures Bill, which was ground-breaking in its proposal to ban offshore oil and gas exploration. Yet, despite majority support for this Bill in Parliament, the minority Government blocked the legislation by refusing to grant a ‘Money Message,’ a potential veto activated following indication by an independent actor that a Bill would require the appropriation of public money. We introduce the concept of ‘policy stifling’ to capture how the Money Message was used to block the Climate Emergency Measures Bill. We conduct detailed process-tracing analysis, building on elite semi-structured interviews with policy makers and campaigners involved in the process. We argue that whilst the Government’s stifling undermined the new era of elite climate politics, it simultaneously boosted an emerging grassroots climate politics movement with the potential for effecting more radical change in the longer term.
EFEITO AGUDO DO ALONGAMENTO ESTÁTICO E AQUECIMENTO ESPECÍFICO NO DESEMPENHO DO NÚMERO DE REPETIÇÕES E PERCEPÇÃO SUBJETIVA DE ESFORÇO EM MULHERES
Authors: Andrade Vitor Correia , Silva Júlio César Gomes , Forte Lucas Dantas Maia , Rodrigues Neto Gabriel
Published: April 2021

A prática do alongamento muscular e do aquecimento, antes ou depois do exercício, tem provocado controvérsias no âmbito científico em relação aos seus benefícios, ou prejuízos, no que diz respeito ao desempenho muscular. Assim, objetivou-se analisar o efeito agudo do alongamento estático e aquecimento específico no desempenho do número de repetições e percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) em mulheres. Participaram 10 mulheres (25,4±4,6 anos; massa corporal = 58,8±5,1 kg; estatura = 1,61±0,04 m), com experiência em treinamento de força de dois meses a dois anos. Foram realizadas 4 coletas (48-72 horas) entre sessões. Fez-se avaliação da antropometria e da força muscular (teste de 1RM) na primeira coleta. Nas outras coletas, utilizando o equipamento peck deck, as participantes foram direcionados em ordem aleatória para as seguintes condições experimentais: (a) série de 60 segundos de alongamento estático passivo (AEP) seguido por três séries a 70% de 1RM; (b) série de 60 segundos de aquecimento específico seguido por três séries a 70% de 1RM (AE); (c) série de 30 segundos de alongamento estático e uma série de 30 segundos de aquecimento específico (AEP+AE), seguido por três séries a 70% de 1RM. Foi avaliada a resistência muscular localizada, por meio de três séries a 70% de 1RM, até a falha concêntrica e a PSE ao final de cada série. Não houve interações significativas entre os protocolos e séries para o desempenho do número de repetições (p>0,05). Na PSE, não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os protocolos nas três séries da PSE (p>0,05) e no somatório da PSE das três séries (p=0,311). Conclui-se que a prática do alongamento estático e/ou aquecimento específico, antecedendo uma sessão de treino de peitoral, parece não influenciar diretamente na quantidade de repetições máximas e PSE em mulheres.
Mies, Knoll, Tous & Fargas. Round trip de una butaca
Authors: Hernández Falagán David
Published: April 2021

De todas las piezas de mobiliario diseñadas por los arquitectos barceloneses Tous y Fargas entre los años 50 y 60 del siglo XX, el elemento más conocido fue sin duda la butaca diseñada para la planta del Decanato del Colegio de Arquitectos en 1962. Esta comunicación pretende establecer la relación genealógica entre esta pieza y la Parallel-Bar Lounge Chair diseñada por la arquitecta norteamericana Florence Knoll en los años 1950 -diseño que a su vez muestra una influencia previa de la Silla Barcelona de Mies van der Rohe y Lilly Reich. Por ello, se trata de un recorrido de ida y vuelta que muestra las variantes de la butaca en relación a los objetivos y a las condiciones técnicas y económicas diferenciales de cada contexto.
Earthquake Recurrence Model for the Colombia–Ecuador Subduction Zone Constrained from Seismic and Geodetic Data, Implication for PSHA
Authors: Mariniere Judith , Beauval Céline , Nocquet Jean-Mathieu , Chlieh Mohamed , Yepes Hugo
Published: April 2021

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment relies on long-term earthquake forecasts and ground-motion models. Our aim is to improve earthquake forecasts by including information derived from geodetic measurements, with an application to the Colombia–Ecuador megathrust. The annual rate of moment deficit accumulation at the interface is quantified from geodetically based interseismic coupling models. We look for Gutenberg–Richter recurrence models that match both past seismicity rates and the geodetic moment deficit rate, by adjusting the maximum magnitude. We explore the uncertainties on the seismic rates (a- and b-values, shape close to Mmax) and on the geodetic moment deficit rate to be released seismically. A distribution for the maximum magnitude Mmax bounding a series of earthquake recurrence models is obtained for the Colombia–Ecuador megathrust. Models associated with Mmax values compatible with the extension of the interface segment are selected. We show that the uncertainties mostly influencing the moment-balanced recurrence model are the fraction of geodetic moment released through aseismic processes and the form of the Gutenberg–Richter model close to Mmax. We combine the computed moment-balanced recurrence models with a ground-motion model, to obtain a series of uniform hazard spectra representative of uncertainties at one site on the coast. Considering the recent availability of a massive quantity of geodetic data, our approach could be used in other well-instrumented regions of the world.
Standardize Adli Ölü Muayene Formu
Authors: Polat Mustafa Önder , Meriç Çağdaş , Altun Gürcan
Published: April 2021

Objective: For the investigation of unnatural deaths all findings such as signs of injury, time and cause of death must be detected during the examination of the body. It is known that these examinations, which must be primarily carried out by forensic medicine specialists, are also carried out by general practitioners. In this study, it was aimed to build up a standardized form to give guidance to the physicians attending the postmortem examinations.
Material and method: While creating the postmortem forensic examination form, the general forensic examination report form used in the field was taken as an example. The form was constructed with the sections of identification, postmortem findings, injury related lesions, and determination of the cause of death. Body diagrams to mark the lesions are also added.
Discussion: It is known that a certain standardization is provided by the general forensic examination report forms in forensic cases. However, there is no such standardized form being used in our country. As the time interval prolonged between postmortem examination and autopsy, postmortem findings may change. For this reason, the findings during the postmortem examination must be defined and recorded in complete accuracy. Any deficiency or inaccuracy happened in this process could impede the course of justice. It is anticipated that by the usage of the form prepared for the requirements of physicians who carry out the postmortem examination, deficiencies in the practice can be reduced.
Trombositopeni’ye bağlı Yalancı Pozitif Cinsel İstismar Tablosu Oluşumu: Bir Vaka Sunumu
Authors: Polater Erdoğan , Bütün Celal , Ekici Mahmut , Sarı Seda Aybüke
Published: April 2021

Child abuse is a serious problem with tragic consequences, including medical, legal, developmental and psychosocial. Child sexual abuse is the most difficult to detect among child abuse types. It is an important public health problem that has been faced with serious difficulties in diagnosing and has not been appeared the greater part of it. Our case is about a two-years three-month-old girl. The patient was chosen as a case after evaluating suspected child abuse and haemolytic uremic syndrome, finding such as subcutaneous bleeding, and sexual abuse which is based on thrombocytopenic ecchymosis. Within importance of diagnosing findings of abuse, some diseases or lesions should be evaluated well in the differential diagnosis. In this study, it was aimed to draw attention to a case report that it is necessary to consider hematologic, gastrointestinal and some infectious diseases in the differential diagnosis of findings that evaluate false positive as sexual abuse.
Diyarbakır’da 2007-2014 Yılları Arasında Otopsisi Yapılmış Elektrik Akımına Bağlı Ölüm Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa , Uysal Cem
Published: April 2021

Objective: Electrical current injuries are an important cause for mortality and morbidity; and they may be prevented by simple precautions in general. The present study aimed to review the cases of death due to electrical current in ... region between 2007 and 2014.
Material and Methods: We analyzed 6341 forensic death reports retrospectively in the present study. The present study included 239 (3.77%) deceased individuals who dies because of electrical current injury. Age, gender, origin of death, the crime scene, location of electric entrance and exit on the body were reviewed.
Findings: The cases included 147(61.5%) males, 92(38.5%) females and the age average was 23.15+17.1 years (min:1,max:78). All deaths due to electrical current were accidental. Death cases were detected more common during summer season. The most common contact site was the upper extremity which was detected in 112 (46.9%) cases. There were 34 cases (14.2%) without any electrical burn scar. Seventy six (46.6%) cases died because of home accidents. The most significant findings of our study were that 114 (47.7%) cases were between 0 and 18 years of age and electric water heaters were the cause of the incident in 33 (28.9%) cases.
Conclusion: Among all forensic death cases of the present study, rate of death due to electric shock were found higher wen compared with the previous studies. Rate of pediatric deaths due to electric shock was found higher in the present study. Therefore, individuals should be trained to avoid the children to play with household electric appliances.
Legibilidad y disfrute de la literatura sexual española (una teoría historicista y sus proyecciones) : Artículo-reseña sobre Gaspar Garrote Bernal, Con dos poéticas. Teoría historicista de la literatura sexual española, Valladolid, Agilice Digital, 2020, 296 pp. = Legibility and enjoyment of Spanish sexual literature (a historical theory and its proyections) : Article-review about Gaspar Garrote Bernal, Con dos poéticas. Teoría historicista de la literatura sexual española, Valladolid, Agilice Digital, 2020, 296 pp
Authors: Lara Garrido José
Published: April 2021

Revisión crítica y comentada del libro de Gaspar Garrote recientemente publicado, Con dos poéticas. Teoría historicista de la literatura sexual española (2020). Critical and commented review of the recently published book by Gaspar Garrote, Con dos poéticas. Teoría historicista de la literatura sexual española (2020).
El concepto de clásico y su aplicación a la literatura española = The concept of the classic and its application to Spanish literature
Authors: Carrera Antonio
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se ofrece una reflexión sobre el concepto de lo clásico, siguiendo las consideraciones y argumentos de algunos célebres críticos como María Rosa Lida y, en especial, T. S. Eliot, y su aplicación a la Literatura española.This paper offers a reflection on the concept of the classic, following the considerations and arguments of some famous critics such as María Rosa Lida and, specially, T. S. Eliot, and its application to Spanish Literature.
José María Balcells Doménech. Juan Carlos Abril, En busca de una pausa, Valencia, Pre-textos, 2020, 87 p.
Authors: Balcells Doménech José María
Published: April 2021

Reseña literaria
IMPACTOS AGROCLIMÁTICOS PARA CULTURAS AGRÍCOLAS NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA SOB CONDIÇÕES DE MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS
Authors: Fernandes Cândido Amanda , De Sousa Nascimento Robson , Peixoto Borges Valéria
Published: April 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar o zoneamento agroclimático para o estado da Paraíba tomando por base os cenários de mudanças climáticas do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC), para avaliar o impacto da demanda hídrica sobre a produção de cana-de-açúcar, milho e arroz, identificando e quantificando as áreas que são aptas, inaptas ou que possuem algumas restrições. Determinou-se o balanço hídrico climatológico e o índice de umidade utilizando dados meteorológicos de precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura média do ar das seis estações contidas no estado, referente ao período de 1981 a 2018. Para determinar a aptidão agroclimática das culturas foram utilizadas as faixas do índice de umidade. Constatou-se que no cenário normal cerca de 7,6% e 10% da área do estado possui aptidão plena sem restrições e plena com período chuvoso prolongado respectivamente, para as três culturas. Em um cenário otimista, 7% da área do estado possui aptidão moderada por deficiência hídrica e 93% inapta por deficiência hídrica. Já em um cenário pessimista, torna-se inviável o cultivo das culturas no estado em decorrência da drástica redução da disponibilidade hídrica para a região. Isto demonstra o quanto as mudanças climáticas podem impactar economicamente o estado da Paraíba, devendo serem criadas políticas de mitigação.
NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTO INFLUENCIAM A PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Mentha x villosa huds. (HORTELÃ)
Authors: Wanderline Quaresma Elias Vinícius , Pereira de Assis Otto Rodrigo , Correia Santos Cleberton , Milene Silverio Juliana , De Souza Loli Guilherme Henrique , Vieira Maria do Carmo
Published: April 2021

A hortelã (Mentha x villosa Huds., Lamiaceae) é planta medicinal e aromática, geralmente utilizada no preparo de chás e sucos. Por meio deste estudo foi suposto que o nível de interceptação luminosa do ambiente de produção de mudas pode influenciar a propagação vegetativa da hortelã. Realizou-se o experimento, avaliando quatro disponibilidades luminosas baseando-se nos níveis de sombreamento de 0% (pleno sol), 30%, 50% e 70%. As estacas foram coletadas no período matutino, acondicionadas em recipiente com água, e padronizadas com 7,0 cm de comprimento e quatro folhas. Posteriormente, realizou-se o enterrio de 1/3 da estaca em substrato constituído de Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico + Tropstrato® (3:1, v/v). As avaliações das características não destrutivas e destrutivas foram realizadas aos 75 dias após o enterrio das estacas. Em geral, as mudas de hortelã apresentaram valores de sobrevivência > 80%. O maior valor de altura, comprimento de raiz e relação altura/diâmetro ocorreu nas mudas produzidas sob 70% de sombra. Por outro lado, mudas produzidas à pleno sol (0%) apresentam maior número de brotos, área foliar e produção de massa fresca de folhas, caules e raízes. Recomenda-se para a produção de mudas de hortelã que sua propagação vegetativa por estaquia seja feita em ambiente à pleno sol.
Reconocimiento mutuo de la suspensión de la ejecución de las penas privativas de libertad sin imposición de obligaciones o deberes: La sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de 26 de marzo de 2020, A. P. (C-2/19, EU:C:2020:237)
Authors: Faraldo Cabana Patricia
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se explica la relevancia de la STJUE (Sala Primera) de 26 de marzo de 2020, asunto C-2/19, para el reconocimiento mutuo de las decisiones relativas a la suspensión de la ejecución de las penas privativas de libertad que no imponen otra condición que la de no volver a delinquir durante el plazo de suspensión. Además, se propone su aplicación a otras condiciones no mencionadas expresamente en la Decisión Marco 2008/947/JAI, como el pago de la multa o de la responsabilidad civil y el cumplimiento de lo acordado en un proceso de mediación, entre otras.
Central Bank in the Function of Development of National Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Mastilo Zoran , Božović Nenad , Mastilo Dejan
Published: April 2021

The paper addresses and evaluates the currency board policy and assesses whether the currency board, as a form of monetary policy, is in the function of development of Bosnia and Herzegovina's national economy. In this context, a hypothesis that the currency board provides the foundation for growth and development of a transition economy is being put to the test. To test the hypothesis, the paper compares the movement of economic growth indicators (gross domestic product) among the countries of South Eastern Europe with the primary focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina. By comparing the obtained results, as well as by applying the correlation and regression analysis, by means of simple linear regression, it is proven that the currency board does not represent an obstacle to economic growth, but is the basis for establishing the stability of the economy and the basis for sustainable growth and development able to adequately respond to shocks.
Does Government Spending in Health, Education, and Military Improve Welfare in Asian Developing Countries?
Authors: Wiksadana Wiksadana , Sihaloho Estro Dariatno
Published: April 2021

The study of government expenditure is essential for economists and policymakers. This study aims to analyze the impact of various government spending, mainly on education, health, and military, on the effect of welfare on Asian Countries. This study was conducted in 20 Asian countries constructed on panel data from 2013–2017 and is analyzed using the fixed effect general least square (FEGLS) method. The results show that, government spending in health, military, and education had a positive and significant effect on Asian Countries' welfare. This research concludes that, the government health expenditure had the highest impact on welfare, followed by education and military spending.
Analisis Pengaruh Bentuk Slidding Roller Terhadap Torsi dan Daya Kendaraan Berbasis Continously Variable Transmission
Authors: Wijaya Dedik Ananta , Dantes Kadek Rihendra , Pasek Nugraha I Nyoman
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the ratio of power and torque on an automatic motorbike using two different rollers, namely a cylindrical roller with a sliding roller with a weight of 12 grams each. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The testing and retrieval process carried out at the Gede Widi Motor workshop, and data collection was carried out five repetitions for each variation. After testing, there are differences in torque and power on the cylinder roller with roller sliding. The cylinder roller reaches the highest torque of 7.6 Nm at Rpm 4000. The highest power is 7.46 Hp at Rpm 7000, while in roller sliding, the highest torque is 11.82 Nm at Rpm 4000 and the highest power 7.56 Hp at 7000 RPM.
Effect of yogic relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction times
Authors: Naik Lopamudra
Published: April 2021

Background: Human beings receive various types of stimuli in day to day life and respond to them accordingly. The time taken to receive a stimulus, it's processing and giving a response is different for every individual at minute level, in milliseconds. This time interval is called reaction time. Various yogic practices are found to influence the Reaction Time of individuals. Aim of the work was to evaluate the immediate effect of deep relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction time.Methods: Auditory and visual reaction times have been measured using simple reaction time tasks in Inquisit software (version 4.0.10.0). 115 healthy yoga students from SVYASA Yoga university, between the age group of 20 to 50 years were taken for the study. Pre and post measurements of auditory reaction time and visual reaction time was done.10 minutes of pre-recorded DRT was given as intervention and immediately after that reaction times were measured.Results: There was a significant decline in the ART and VRT observed in the Post DRT condition. Statistical analysis was carried out using JASP software.Conclusions: The significant decrease in Auditory and Visual Reaction Time shows that DRT helps to increase the awareness and attention of individuals.
A clinical study of the spectrum of gastro intestinal perforation peritonitis in a tertiary care centre
Authors: D. Dharamdev , Mascarenhas Rupa Merlyn , Kumar Arun
Published: April 2021

Background: Acute abdomen is one of the most common causes of emergencies which present to surgeon. Gastrointestinal perforation is third most common cause for emergency explorative laparotomy. Most of the time when patient presents to the tertiary centre, it is by clinical examination and investigation a diagnosis of perforation is established. The objective of the study was to evaluate causes, signs and symptoms, various modalities of management and possible complications which develop in gastrointestinal perforations.Methods: 50 patients with features of perforation were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis. Detailed history was taken, physical examination and relevant investigations were done and correlated with intra operative and histopathology report wherever possible and followed up for complications.Results: Duodenal perforation was the most common cause of perforation accounting for 32 out of 50 cases. Surgical site infection was common complication accounting for 14 out of 50 cases.Conclusions: Surgery remains mainstay in all perforations.
A successful delivery of giant bladder stone by obstetric forceps: a case report
Authors: Ismail Siti Fairus Che , Abdullah Jamil , Ab Rahim Mohd Fadliyazid , Mohd Saiful Mohammad Irsyadiee B. , Ramli Roziana
Published: April 2021

Giant bladder stone is a rare phenomenon. Surgical treatment which involves open vesicolithotomy and delivery of the bladder stone is usually straightforward. Herein, we report a 69-year-old gentleman with a neglected giant bladder stone complicated by obstructive uropathy and acute renal failure. After medical condition was stabilized, he underwent open vesicolithotomy. At surgery, delivery of the giant bladder stone was difficult both manually and with stone forceps. The stone was later delivered successfully by Wrigley’s obstetrics forceps. We report this case to highlight the rare cause of acute renal failure and the use of obstetrics forceps in the management of giant bladder stones.
Pattern of admission and clinical outcome of patients admitted in pediatric intensive care unit of a rural tertiary health care centre
Authors: Parasher Vivek , Shaha Sachin , Khatri Rahul , Yadav Samarth , Das Sayan , Mittal Ujjwal
Published: April 2021

Background: In the treatment of critically ill children needing specialized airway, respiratory, and hemodynamic assistance, intensive care has become very necessary and is typically admitted into the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in order to ensure a better result than if the patients were admitted to other sections of the hospital. To audit admissions and their findings are significant, which may help to change procedures after extensive introspection if appropriate, leading to improved patient outcomes. Objective were to examine pattern of admission and clinical outcome of patients admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit of a rural tertiary health care centre.Methods: Information retrieved included age, sex, diagnosis, outcome, morbidity and mortality profile of patients admitted in PICU in the last five years.Results: A total of 2810 patients were admitted into PICU. (1444) 51.3% were infants, and (1366) 48.6% patients aged 1-18 years. Their ages ranged from one month to 18 years, with the mean age being 40.01 ± 45.79 months. There were 1948 (69.3%) male and 862 (30.3%) female patients giving an M: F ratio of 2.27:1. The overall mortality rate was 2.4%.Conclusions: In our PICU, mortality is low. We believe that the treatment of critically ill patients with desirable results is significantly facilitated by a well-equipped intensive care unit with advanced and creative intensive care in order to improve cost-effective patient care and prevent needless stretching of the PICU services, an extension of the pediatric wards is advocated.
Unusual manifestations of malaria in children
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Taneja Sunil
Published: April 2021

Background: Till recently, vivax malaria was being regarded as a “benign” disease. Falciparum malaria is known to be a serious illness with life threatening complications as cerebral malaria, jaundice, acute kidney injury, metabolic acidosis and bleeding diatheses. Recently, some other atypical presentations are also, being noted, which have hardly been discussed previously. The present report highlights the various unusual presentations of malaria in children.Methods: The study design was hospital based prospective observational study conducted over one year. Children between the ages of 1 month to 18 years admitted with a diagnosis of malaria confirmed by peripheral blood smear examination and/or rapid diagnostic test having unusual manifestations were studied. Patients with dengue fever, enteric fever, viral hepatitis, or any other infection were excluded. The various unusual manifestations of malaria, disease course and outcome were analysed.Results: 58 (27.1%) out of 214 patients studied   were found to have atypical manifestations. The unusual features observed were ARDS in vivax malaria (n=11), fulminant hepatic failure (n=5), post malaria neurological syndrome (n=3), stroke (n=3), bilateral optic neuritis (n=1), abducens nerve palsy (n=1), autoimmune haemolytic anemia (n=1), nephrotic syndrome (n=1), splenic infarction (n=2), acute abdomen (n=2), hemiplegia (n=2), psychomotor agitation (n=7), sepsis (n=5), shock (n=3), disseminated intravascular coagulation (n=3) and urticaria (n=2). Six children with vivax presented in deep coma.Conclusions: Clinicians in endemic areas should be aware of   unusual and varied presentations of malaria; failure of recognition of which may lead to delayed diagnosis resulting in increased mortality.
Correlation of COVID-19 antigen test and CBNAAT results at a single tertiary care hospital in North India: an experience
Authors: Gupta Surbhi , Shukla Anju , Singh Poonam , Siddiqui Areena H.
Published: April 2021

Background: Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is considered gold standard in the molecular diagnosis of CoV-2 infection but since it is costly, labor intensive and needs technical expertise, rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of specific antigens to SARS CoV-2 have been devised. Objectives of this study was to compare the results of Antigen test and NAAT for CoV-2 infection carried out during the months of July and August 2020 by single tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh and to determine the utility of rapid antigen test in the SARS CoV-2 diagnosis.Methods: All the patients who came to our hospital seeking admission during July 2020 and August 2020 were included in the study. A total of 1000 patients were included in this study.Results: Out of a total 1000 cases which were included in the study, 769 cases (76.9%) were found to be SARS CoV-2 negative by both antigen and CBNAAT, 100 cases (10.0%) were SARS CoV-2 positive by both antigen and CBNAAT tests. But in 131 cases (13.1%), antigen was not able to pick up the disease. It was also found that the Cycle Threshold (Ct) value for the discordant group was higher (Mean E= 28, Mean N2=33) when compared to the group where antigen was positive.Conclusions: The present study establishes the role of rapid antigen tests in contributing to the quick, point of care diagnosis of SARS CoV-2. These assays are safe, simple, and fast and can be used in local clinics and hospitals. These tests are very important for real-time patient management and infection control decision.