bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Firms` Participation in Tax Amnesty Program Engaged in Financial Reporting Manipulation: An Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Soepriyanto Gatot , Indra Yanto , The Olivia , Zudana Arfian
Published: November 2019

The research investigated the relation between firms participated in tax amnesty programs and their tendency to manipulate financial statements. The research explored some unique research settings during Indonesia’s tax amnesty period in 2016-2017. To examine the association, the researchers employed Beneish’s M-Score model to categorize the firm’s tendency to manipulate its financial statements. As the test variable, it classified the firm’s participation in the tax amnesty program with a dummy variable, 1 if the firm participated, and 0 otherwise. To control the variations in financial statements manipulation, it also included firm size, leverage, and profitability in our empirical model. Based on the sample of 796 firm-year observations in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from the 2012-2017 period, it is found some evidence that firms participate in tax amnesty programs do not engage in financial statements manipulation. Further analysis of the corporate tax avoidance measures shows that those firms do not engage in tax avoidance activities either. The results suggest that firms participate in the tax amnesty programs are not necessary ‘bad firms’, and they just participate as a ‘symbolic’ gesture to get some indirect benefits of the program.
Globalización y producción campesina de alimentos en las zonas áridas de San Luis Potosí (México)
Authors: Montiel Torres Marco Antonio
Published: November 2019

Este artículo analiza la manera en que la globalización ha modificado las prácticas campesinas de producción de alimentos. La investigación combina métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para la recopilación de información etnográfica, estadística y documental. Los resultados dan cuenta de que la instalación de empresas transnacionales en los terrenos adyacentes a los ejidos ha provocado la disminución de la producción de alimentos, porque la apertura de la economía mexicana ha posibilitado una relación desigual entre las dimensiones global y local de la economía. El valor de este trabajo radica en que muestra las interconexiones que el capital transnacional mantiene con las localidades rurales de las zonas áridas de San Luis Potosí.
La protoantropología de Tomás Moro: Un redescubrimiento a 500 años de la primera publicación de Utopía
Authors: Krotz Esteban
Published: November 2019

Después de consideraciones iniciales sobre el uso actual de la palabra utopía, este artículo caracteriza primero el contexto sociocultural y biográfico-intelectual de Tomás Moro, para después mostrar cómo estos elementos se reflejan en su obra Utopía, publicada por primera vez hace medio milenio. En seguida, se demuestra que dicha obra dista de ser una simple novela fantasiosa, sino que constituye un análisis elaborado que identifica las causas sociales de males sociales. La conclusión es que, aunque Moro no inventó la utopía, sí le dio el nombre a una corriente de pensamiento analítico que critica lo insatisfactorio de la sociedad y abre vías para su transformación.
La lectura categorial de Postone y el aceleracionismo. Crítica del trabajo y proyecto de modernidad
Authors: Martín Facundo Nahuel
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo pretende establecer una primera lectura comparativa entre la reciente propuesta de una política aceleracionista de Srnicek y Williams y la relectura categorial de Marx por parte de Moishe Postone. Mientras que las coincidencias entre estos planteamientos han pasado inadvertidas en la bibliografía secundaria, es posible mostrar al menos tres puntos de acuerdo fundamentales. Primero, los tres pensadores reseñados formulan una crítica del trabajo en la sociedad capitalista (antes que una afirmación del trabajo, como ha sido predominante en la tradición de la izquierda marxista). Segundo, diseñan un proyecto emancipador no centrado estrechamente en la clase obrera, que contempla otros movimientos sociales como actores de importancia fundamental. Tercero, ofrecen una perspectiva compleja y matizada de la técnica moderna desarrollada en el capitalismo evitando caer en miradas ingenuas sobre el progreso tanto como en rechazos unilaterales de la modernidad como tal. Estas similitudes significativas, desatendidas en la bibliografía secundaria, justifican una lectura comparativa.
Green Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Aryl Alkylidene 2, 4-thiazolidinedione and Rhodanine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Akhavan Malihe , Foroughifar Naser , Pasdar Hoda , Bekhradnia Ahmadreza
Published: November 2019

Aim and Objective:

The magic scaffolds rhodanine and thiazolidine are very important
heterocyclic compounds in drug design and discovery. Those are important heterocyclic
compounds that have attracted a great deal of attention due to the fact that they exhibit a variety of
bioactivities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory
activities. These agents often exhibit selective toxicity. The goal of this study was molecular
docking, green and solvent-free efficient synthesis of a new series of hetero/aromatic substituted
rhodanine and thiazolidine analogues and then investigation of their antimicrobial activity.

Materials and Methods:

To a mixture of TZD or rhodanine (1 mmol) in the presence of ionic
liquid ChCl/urea, various aldehyde (1 mmol) was added. After completion of the reaction, obtained
crude compound was collected by filtration and products were recrystallized from ethanol. The
binding-free energy between all synthesized compounds with 3EEJ protein (C. glabrata enzyme)
were obtained by molecular docking studies. These compounds were evaluated using microdilution
method against (ATCC 6538) and (ATCC 12228) Gram-negative, (ATCC 8739) and (ATCC 9027)
as Gram-positive and (ATCC 1012), (ATCC 339), C. (ATCC 1057), (ATCC 503), (ATCC 340)
and (ATCC 194) as fungi.

Results:

All of the acceptable products were determined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mas and FT-IR
spectroscopy. The binding-free energy between compounds 10a and 10b with 3EEJ protein were
found to be -8.08 kcal/mol and -8.15 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds having a
heteroaromatic ring attached to the TZD or rhodanine core showed excellent antimicrobial activity
with MIC values of 0.25-8 μg/mL (compound 10a) and 0.5-16 μg/mL (compound 10b) against the
most tested fungi strains, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusion:

A convenient and rapid method has been developed for the synthesis of rhodanine and
thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) derivatives as efficient antimicrobial agents using a Deep Eutectic
Ionic Liquids (DEILs) choline chloride urea under solvent-free condition. Among the newly
synthesized compounds, (Z)-5-((quinoxalin-3-yl) methylene) thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (10a) and (Z)-
5- ((quinoxalin-3-yl) methylene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-one (10b) exerted the promising effect and
these compounds can be considered to be further probed as inhibitors of cgDHFR enzyme.
Potential Therapeutic Applications of C-Phycocyanin
Authors: Bannu Saira M. , Lomada Dakshayani , Gulla Surendra , Chandrasekhar Thummala , Reddanna Pallu , Reddy Madhava C.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Cancer and other disorders such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases and diabetes are the major health problems observed all over the world. Therefore, identifying a therapeutic target molecule for the treatment of these diseases is urgently needed to benefit public health. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is an important light yielding pigment intermittently systematized in the cyanobacterial species along with other algal species. It has numerous applications in the field of biotechnology and drug industry and also possesses antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, enhanced immune function, including liver and kidney protection properties. The molecular mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity could be the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.

Objectives:

The current review summarizes an update on therapeutic applications of C-PC, its mechanism of action and mainly focuses on the recent development in the field of C-PC as a drug that exhibits beneficial effects against various human diseases including cancer and inflammation.

Conclusion:

he data from various studies suggest the therapeutic applications of C-PC such as anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenic activity and healing capacity of certain autoimmune disorders. Mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity is the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. The future perspective of C-PC is to identify and define the molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which would shed light on our knowledge on therapeutic applications of C-PC and may contribute significant benefits to global public health.
Molecular Mechanism of Resistance to Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancers, the Role of Autophagy
Authors: Spirina Liudmila V. , Avgustinovich Alexandra V. , Afanas’ev Sergey G. , Cheremisina Olga V. , Volkov Maxim Yu. , Choynzonov Evgeny L. , Gorbunov Alexey K. , Usynin Evgeny A.
Published: November 2019

:

Gastric cancer (GC) is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with complex carcinogenesis
at the molecular level. Despite the application of multiple approaches in the GC treatment, its
5-year survival is poor. A major limitation of anti-cancer drugs application is intrinsic or acquired resistance,
especially to chemotherapeutical agents. It is known that the effectiveness of chemotherapy
remains debatable and varies according to the molecular type of GC. Chemotherapy has an established
role in the management of GC. Perioperative chemotherapy or postoperative chemotherapy is applied
for localized ones. Most of the advanced GC patients have a poor response to treatment and unfavorable
outcomes with standard therapies.

:

Resistance substantially limits the depth and duration of clinical responses to targeted anticancer therapies.
Through the use of complementary experimental approaches, investigators have revealed that
cancer cells can achieve resistance through adaptation or selection driven by specific genetic, epigenetic,
or microenvironmental alterations. Ultimately, these diverse alterations often lead to the activation
of MAPK, AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways that, when co-opted, enable cancer
cells to survive drug treatments. We have summarized the mechanisms of resistance development
to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and multidrug resistance in the GC management. The complexity of molecular
targets and components of signaling cascades altered in the resistance development results in
the absence of significant benefits in GC treatment, and its efficacy remains low. The universal process
responsible for the failure in the multimodal approach in GC treatment is autophagy. Its dual role
in oncogenesis is the most unexplored issue. We have discussed the possible mechanism of autophagy
regulation upon the action of endogenous factors and drugs. The experimental data obtained in the cultured
GC cells need further verification. To overcome the cancer resistance and to prevent autophagy
as the main reason of ineffective treatment, it is suggested the concept of the direct influence of autophagy
molecular markers followed by the standard chemotherapy. Dozen of studies have focused on
finding the rationale for the benefits of such complex therapy. The perspectives in the molecular-based
management of GC are associated with the development of molecular markers predicting the protective
autophagy initiation and search for novel targets of effective anticancer therapy.
The Posterior Perforated Substance: A Brain Mystery Wrapped in an Enigma
Authors: Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Gridin Leonid A. , Oganesyan Marine V. , Rizaeva Negoriya A. , Podolskiy Yury S. , Kudryashova Valentina A. , Kochurova Ekaterina V. , Kostin Roman K. , Tyagunova Ekaterina E. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Avila-Rodriguez Marco , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: November 2019

Background:

There is a dearth of published information on the posterior perforated substance
as compared to the anterior perforated substance. We managed to glean facts about the posterior perforated
substance that can serve as a landmark for surgical operations in the adjacent regions of the midbrain
and the vessels passing through it. Moreover, the posterior perforated substance contains the interpeduncular
nucleus responsible for the mental state of the individual.

Objectives:

1) To describe the topography of the blood vessels supplying the posterior perforated substance
area from the surgical point of view; 2) to investigate the functions of the interpeduncular nucleus.

Methods:

We assembled and analyzed results from source databases by Elsevier, NCBI MedLine, Scopus,
Scholar. Google and Embase. Each article was studied in detail for practically useful information
about the posterior perforated substance.

Results:

The P1-segment perforating branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply the posterior perforated
substance. This area is especially vulnerable in the case of vascular pathologies. The posterior
communicating artery can block the surgeon’s view and impede maneuverability of the tool in the area
of the posterior perforated substance, which may be addressed using the separation technique, which can
lead to positive results. In addition, the medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus in the posterior perforated
substance is associated with various addictions and psychiatric conditions.

Conclusions:

The posterior perforated substance area is of great interest for surgical interventions. Future
studies of the interpeduncular nucleus anticipate the development of drugs to affect different types of
dependencies and some mental diseases.
Presynaptic Release-regulating Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: An Update
Authors: Olivero Guendalina , Vergassola Matteo , Cisani Francesca , Roggeri Alessandra , Pittaluga Anna
Published: November 2019

:

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors represent the largest family of glutamate receptors in
mammals and act as fine tuners of the chemical transmission in central nervous system (CNS).

:

In the last decade, results concerning the expression and the subcellular localization of mGlu receptors
further clarified their role in physio-pathological conditions. Concomitantly, their pharmacological
characterization largely improved thanks to the identification of new compounds (chemical ligands
and antibodies recognizing epitopic sequences of the receptor proteins) that allowed to decipher the
protein compositions of the naive receptors.

:

mGlu receptors are expressed at the presynaptic site of chemical synapses. Here, they modulate
intraterminal enzymatic pathways controlling the migration and the fusion of vesicles to synaptic
membranes as well as the phosphorylation of colocalized receptors. Both the control of transmitter
exocytosis and the phosphorylation of colocalized receptors elicited by mGlu receptors are relevant
events that dictate the plasticity of nerve terminals, and account for the main role of presynaptic
mGlu receptors as modulators of neuronal signalling.

:

The role of the presynaptic mGlu receptors in the CNS has been the matter of several studies and
this review aims at briefly summarizing the recent observations obtained with isolated nerve endings
(we refer to as synaptosomes). We focus on the pharmacological characterization of these receptors
and on their receptor-receptor interaction / oligo-dimerization in nerve endings that could be
relevant to the development of new therapeutic approaches for the cure of central pathologies.
Survey of Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Network Analysis Among HIV Patients in a High Drug-Use Area of Southwest China
Authors: Liu Lei , Dong Aobo , Liao Lingjie , Feng Yi , Shao Yiming , Liang Shu , Ruan Yuhua , Xing Hui
Published: November 2019

Background:

Pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) poses an increasing threat to the success
of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in China. We aimed to conduct a survey of PDR
among HIV patients in an area in Southwest China with extensive drug trafficking.

Methods:

Consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan
Province from 2009 to 2018 based on the WHO-recommended method. PDR was identified by testing
pol region sequences with the Stanford HIVdb algorithm (version 7.0). PDR prevalence and related
factors were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. The transmission of HIV drug resistance
was analyzed using a genetic transmission network.

Results:

HIV-1 pol genes from 1889 patients were successfully amplified. The distribution of HIV-
1 genotypes was as follows: CRF07_BC (94.0%), CRF08_BC (2.3%), CRF01_AE (2.0%) and others
(1.4%). Of the participants, 6.9% (95% CI: 4.1-8.1%) had pretreatment resistance to 12 antiretroviral
drugs recommended by the WHO, and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI),
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitors (PI) resistance were
identified among 1.4% (95% CI: 0.7-3.4%), 5.8% (95% CI: 1.2-8.7%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1-
3.0%) of the patients, respectively. In the multivariate logistic model, the prevalence of PDR was
1.52-fold higher among intravenous drug users (IDUs) than among patients infected by heterosexual
transmission (95% CI: 1.07-2.38; P=0.049), and the prevalence of PDR among patients diagnosed
from 2017-2018 was 2.03-fold higher than that among patients diagnosed from 2009-2016 (95% CI:
1.18-5.76; P=0.018). A total of 26 clusters containing PDR and a rapidly growing drug resistancerelated
cluster containing the E138Q and V179D mutations were identified by genetic transmission
network analysis.

Conclusions:

The results show a moderate overall level of PDR prevalence and rapidly growing
drug resistance over time. Preventive intervention should be focused on controlling the HIV epidemic
among drug users, and surveillance is urgently needed to monitor the trend of PDR.
Isolation, Identification and In Silico Study of Native Cellulase Producing Bacteria
Authors: Kargar Farzane , Mortazavi Mojtaba , Maleki Mahmood , Mahani Masoud Torkzadeh , Ghasemi Younes , Savardashtaki Amir
Published: November 2019

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to screen the bacteria producing cellulase enzymes and
their bioinformatics studies.

Background:

Cellulose is a long-chain polymer of glucose that hydrolyzes by cellulases to glucose
molecules. In order to design the new biotechnological applications, some strategies have been used as
increasing the efficiency of enzyme production, generating cost-effective enzymes, producing stable
enzymes and identification of new strains.

Objective:

On the other hand, some bacteria special features have made them suitable candidates for the
identification of the new source of enzymes. In this regard, some native strains of bacteria were screened.

Methods:

These bacteria were grown on a culture containing the liquid M9 media containing CMC to
ensure the synthesis of cellulase. The formation of a clear area in the culture medium indicated decomposition
of cellulose. In the following, the DNA of these bacteria were extracted and their 16S rDNA
genes were amplified.

Result:

The results show that nine samples were able to synthesize cellulase. In following, these strains
were identified using 16S rDNA. The results show that these screened bacteria belonged to the Bacillus
sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Enterobacter sp.

Conclusion:

The enzyme activity analysis shows that the Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain
XA15-411 Bacillus cereus have produced the maximum yield of cellulases. However, these amounts
of enzyme production in these samples are not proportional to their growth rate. As the bacterial
growth chart within 4 consecutive days shows that the Alcaligenes sp. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus
toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain XA15-411 have a maximum growth rate. The study of the phylogenetic
tree also shows that Bacillus species are more abundant in the production of cellulase enzyme. These
bioinformatics analyses show that the Bacillus species have different evolutionary relationships and
evolved in different evolutionary time. However, for maximum cellulase production by this bacteria,
some information as optimum temperature, optimum pH, carbon and nitrogen sources are needed for
the ideal formulation of media composition. The cellulase production is closely controlled in microorganisms
and the cellulase yields appear to depend on a variety of factors. However, the further studies
are needed for cloning, purification and application of these new microbial cellulases in the different
commercial fields as in food, detergent, and pharmaceutical, paper, textile industries and also various
chemical industries. However, these novel enzymes can be further engineered through rational design
or using random mutagenesis techniques.
Nano-SnCl4/SiO2 as a Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted 1H-Pyrazoles as Antifungal and Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Khabnadideh Soghra , Faghih Zeinab , Zamani Leila , Zomorodian Kamiar , Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh , Moradi Hadi
Published: November 2019

A simple and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives via a
one-pot reaction of 1,3-diketone and substituted hydrazines in the presence of nano-SnCl4/SiO2 as a
mild catalyst. A series of some pyrazole derivatives (P1-P11) was synthesized and evaluated as antifungal
and anti-cancer agents. Compounds P10 and P11 were demonstrated. The antimicrobial activities
of the synthetic compounds showed that compounds P10 and P11 most excellently inhibited the
growth of dermatophytes or Aspergillus species, respectively. Therefore, the cytotoxic activities of these
compounds on two human cancer cell lines, A549 (lung cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) were
further assessed. Hence, results demonstrated that beside antifungal activity, P10 had also desirable cytotoxic
effect on investigated cancerous cell lines, even higher than cisplatin.
Depression Related Pathophysiologies Relevant in Heart Disease: Insights into the Mechanism Based on Pharmacological Treatments
Authors: Varghese Treesa P. , Kumar Anand V. , Varghese Nila M. , Chand Sharad
Published: November 2019

Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with cardiac diseases. Co-morbid
Depression in cardiac patients causes a significant reduction in health-related quality of life for the
patients and inflicts an economic burden on the society. Two types of mechanisms that may explain
the link between depression and cardiac diseases are the psychosocial and physiopathological
mechanisms. Physiopathological mechanisms are direct biological mechanisms, which include hyperactivity
of non-adrenergic and Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA), abnormal platelet
activation, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory process. Psychosocial factors include behavioral
or lifestyle factors like smoking alcoholism and physical inactivity. Pharmacologic and therapeutic
interventions are effective at reducing symptoms of depression in patients with cardiac disorders.
Among pharmacological treatment, SSRIs seems to be effective for the reduction of depressive
symptoms among patients with cardiac disorders because of their good efficacy and minimal
cardiovascular side effects. Mechanisms of action of SSRI’s in depressive patients with cardiac
disorders are associated with their ability to reduce inflammation, platelet, and endothelial dysfunction.
This review focuses on the potential pathophysiological and psychosocial links between cardiac
diseases and depression, the treatment options, and the importance of routine screening of depressive
symptoms in cardiac settings.
Inter-band Transition in Citrate Capped Marks Dodecahedral Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Aich Debasish , Samanta Pijus Kanti , Saha Satyajit , Kamilya Tapanendu
Published: November 2019

Background:

Optical properties of citrate capped dodecahedral gold nanoparticles have
immense applications in a large variety of fields. The interband transition has a role in determining
the optical behaviour of gold nanoparticles. Interband transition in citrate capped colloidal gold nanoparticles
in the size range above ~5 nm has been left unattended for a long time.

Objective:

The present work is aimed at studying interband transition in citrate capped colloidal gold
nanoparticles of size between ~5 nm and several tens of nanometres.

Methods:

Turkevich method and modified Brust method were used to prepare citrate capped colloidal
gold nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine their size and shape
and their formation was explained with simulated figure obtained by Gnuplot programming. Interband
transition was studied with the help of UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy.

Results:

Dodecahedral citrate capped colloidal gold nanoparticles of mean diameters 31.5 nm, 12.87
nm and 4.69 nm with LSPR peak positions at 528 nm, 524 nm and 509 nm were prepared. The interband
peak of nanoparticles of all three sizes was found to be located at about 260 nm.

Conclusion:

Interband transition between Fermi level and 5d bands of the larger density of states in
citrate capped dodecahedral colloidal gold nanoparticles of size above ~5nm leads to absorbance
peak at ~260 nm, indicating a gap of ~4.77 eV between the Fermi level and closely spaced 5d bands.
For smaller nanoparticles, absorption due to interband transition becomes more prominent relative to
surface plasmon resonance absorption.
Comparative Analysis of Load Balancing Algorithms for Cloud Computing in IoT
Authors: Bala Mohammad Irfan , Chishti Mohammad Ahsan
Published: November 2019

Background:

Cloud computing is a widely adopted computing paradigm and its
importance has increased multi-folds in the recent past due to the inception of Internet of Things
(IoT).

Objectives:

Efficient load balancing techniques are required to optimize the use of the cloud
resources although load balancing in cloud is known to be a NP-hard problem.

Methods:

This work focuses on multiple load balancing algorithms whose performance has been
analysed and compared under varying load conditions.

Results:

Comparative analysis of 5 algorithms is given, among which max-min algorithm is found
to be the best performing algorithm with approximately 28% better job finish time and 23%
higher throughput than the worst performing algorithm (FCFS).

Conclusion:

Simulations have been performed in CloudSim under varying input loads and the
performance has been analysed under multiple scenarios. All the simulations have pointed
towards the superiority of Max-min algorithm over other algorithms. This work will prompt the
researchers to further investigate into load balancing algorithms so that better results are achieved.
Presencia de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) en leche comercializada en la Ciudad de México, evaluando diferentes métodos de extracción
Authors: Chay-Rincón Javier , Pérez-González José Jesús , Schettino-Bermúdez Beatriz Sofía , Gutiérrez-Tolentino Rey , Sosa-Pacheco Dayana , Escobar-Medina Arturo , Vega-y-León Salvador
Published: November 2019

En la actualidad la presencia de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) en la leche se reconoce como contaminantes emergentes, por el efecto que pueden provocar en la salud humana. La identificación y cuantificación de estos requiere métodos analíticos que permitan una mayor estimación, por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de estos compuestos en marcas de leche evaluando tres procedimientos de extracción. Los HAPs por analizar fueron los 16 considerados como prioritarios por la Agencia de Protección del Medio Ambiente de los Estados Unidos. Se utilizaron cuatro marcas comerciales de leche entera (tres de leche ultrapasteurizada (UHT) y una de leche pasteurizada (HTST)), cada marca tuvo tres muestreos para una n= 12. El muestreo se realizó en el periodo marzo-junio de 2016. Los procedimientos de extracción fueron: saponificación de la leche (variante A), extracción por solución detergente (variante B) y extracción líquida-líquida (variante C); los procedimientos se analizaron por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de flama. El 75 % de las muestras fueron positivas a por lo menos uno de los 16 HAP analizados. Los procedimientos de extracción presentaron diferencias entre variantes, la variante A únicamente identificó compuestos de bajo peso molecular (BPM), por su parte, la variante B identificó compuestos de alto peso molecular (APM) y BPM; sin embargo, los resultados muestran que la variante C presentó mejores porcentajes de recuperación (58.7±12.3 y 81.8±8.0) para HAP de alto y bajo peso molecular que la variante B (15.0±8.0 y 58.0±21.0) respectivamente.
Diversidad y estructura genética de una población de cabras criollas negras de tres municipios del estado de Querétaro, México
Authors: Silva-Jarquin Juan Carlos , Andrade-Montemayor Héctor Mario , Vera-Ávila Héctor Raymundo , Durán-Aguilar Marina , Román-Ponce Sergio Iván , Landi Vincenzo , Martínez-Martínez Amparo , Delgado-Bermejo Juan Vicente , BioGoat Consorcio
Published: November 2019

Desde su llegada a México, las cabras han experimentado un largo proceso de adaptación y selección, dando como resultado animales locales de elevada rusticidad. Sin embargo, la importación de razas mejoradas y el intento de sustituir a los genotipos criollos por éstas, ha llevado a gran parte de este ganado al borde de la extinción. Un ejemplo es la cabra criolla negra (CCN), reconocida por su rusticidad y la calidad de su leche. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar genéticamente una población de CCN. Se utilizaron 30 microsatélites, obteniendo; el número de alelos por marcador (NA), el número medio de alelos (MNA), número efectivo de alelos (Ae), la heterocigosidad observada (Ho) y esperada (He), el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC), el índice de fijación calculado con el estadístico FIS y el equilibrio de Hardy Weinberg (HWE). La población fue comparada con 13 razas caprinas del proyecto BioGoat. Los resultados mostraron que existe una elevada diversidad genética en este ganado. Se obtuvieron 243 alelos con un MNA de 8.1 alelos por locus. Los marcadores resultaron muy informativos con un PIC de 0.6. La He promedio de 0.71 y Ho de 0.62 puede indicar que existe un ligero desequilibrio en la población. La distancia de Reynolds mostró que la CCN se encuentra más distanciada genéticamente de la población Anglonubia y más cercana a la Murciano-Granadina. Los resultados aquí presentados sugieren que la población CCN representa una estructura racial bien diferenciada de las poblaciones incluidas en el estudio.
Evaluación productiva y análisis costo-beneficio de cerdas alimentadas con una dieta adicionada con nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) durante la lactancia
Authors: Ordaz-Ochoa Gerardo , Juárez-Caratachea Aureliano , Portillo-Martínez Liberato , Pérez-Sánchez Rosa Elena , Ortiz-Rodríguez Ruy
Published: November 2019

El objetivo fue determinar la productividad, costos de producción y costo-beneficio de dos esquemas de alimentación (EA) para cerdas lactantes: 1) alimentación convencional (EAC) y, 2) alimentación convencional más nopal (EAN). Se evaluaron 116 partos de cerdas hibridas: 58 partos de cerdas sometidas al EAC (n=17 cerdas) y 58 partos de cerdas bajo el EAN (n=17 cerdas). Se evaluó: glucosa sanguínea (GS), consumo de alimento diario (CAd-1), pérdida de peso corporal (PPC), intervalo destete-estro (IDE), porcentaje de servicios repetidos (PSR), días no productivos (DNP) y tamaño de camada subsiguiente (TC). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante modelos de efectos fijos (MIXED SAS®) y la evaluación económica bajo la metodología del análisis costo-beneficio. Las cerdas sometidas al EAN presentaron mejor (P<0.05) comportamiento en las variables evaluadas: menores niveles de GS preprandial (55.5 ± 2.31 mg dL-1), mayor CAd-1 (5.3 ± 0.17 kg d-1); menor: PPC (6.0 %), IDE (144 h), PSR (12.4 %) y DNP (36.0 días) y mayor TC (11.2 lechones). Ello en comparación con el EAC:  GS preprandial, 70.0 ± 2.31 mg dL-1; CAd-1, 4.7 ± 0.17 kg d-1; PPC, 11.7 %; PSR, 17.1 %; DNP, 50.0 días y TC, 9.8 lechones. El costo de producción lechón-1 destetado en el EAN fue de $ 539.02 MXN vs $ 590.81 MXN para el EAC. La ganancia fue de $ 216.68 y $ 168.88 MXN lechón-1 vendido para EAN y EAC, respectivamente. El EAN reduce la GS e incrementa el CAd-1 de las cerdas lactantes, lo que reduce la PPC en dicha fase y genera mayor productividad de las cerdas y mayor eficiencia económica.
Abortion outbreak caused by Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis and Neospora caninum in a bovine dairy herd
Authors: Macías-Rioseco Melissa , Caffarena Rubén D. , Fraga Martín , Silveira Caroline , Giannitti Federico , Cantón Germán , Hecker Yanina P. , Suanes Alejandra , Riet-Correa Franklin
Published: November 2019

In November 2015, an abortion outbreak occurred in a commercial dairy herd of 650 Holstein cows in Florida department, Uruguay. Forty-five cows aborted within three weeks. Five fetuses were subjected to gross and microscopic pathologic examination, and microbiological testing. One fetus had fibrinous epicarditis and peritonitis, and neutrophilic bronchopneumonia. Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis was detected by direct immunofluorescence, isolated and identified by PCR and sequencing of the 16S rDNA in the abomasal fluid and/or lung. Histologic examination of two other fetuses revealed non-suppurative necrotizing encephalitis, lymphohistiocytic myositis and myocarditis, and lymphocytic interstitial nephritis. In these fetuses, N. caninum antigen was detected intralesionally by immunohistochemistry, and N. caninum DNA was amplified by PCR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain. Antibodies against N. caninum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 10 of 27 cows, with titers ranging from 1/200 to 1/3200. The results indicate that two abortigenic microorganisms may coexist and cause contemporaneous abortion in a herd. We highlight the importance of performing multiple diagnostic tests in various aborted dams and fetuses from the same herd for the etiologic confirmation of bovine abortion syndrome.
Impacto del peso al nacimiento del lechón sobre los balances de nitrógeno y energía en la fase de crecimiento
Authors: Vázquez-Mandujano Enrique , Reis-de-Souza Tércia Cesária , Ramírez-Rodríguez Ericka , Mariscal-Landín Gerardo
Published: November 2019

Para determinar el efecto del peso al nacimiento sobre los balances de nitrógeno (N) y energía (E) en cerdos en crecimiento se realizaron balances de N y E a cinco pares de hermanos. Cada par constó de un cerdo de peso bajo al nacimiento (PBN=912 ± 40 g) y un cerdo de peso normal al nacimiento (PNN=1,610 ± 223 g). Los cerdos se manejaron de manera normal hasta los 90 días de edad, cuando se trasladaron a la Unidad Metabólica para realizar los dos estudios de balance: a los 50 kg de peso y a la misma edad (cuando el cerdo PBN pesó 50 kg). Los PNN digirieron más (P<0.05) MS a los 50 kg y a la misma edad (86.9 vs 86.0). La digestibilidad del N tendió (P<0.10) a ser mayor en los PNN a los 50 kg (77.6 vs 76.7) y fue mayor (P<0.05) a la misma edad (78.0 vs 76.7). El N retenido como porcentaje del consumido a la misma edad fue mayor (P<0.01) en los PNN 61.1 % vs 57.7 %; y (P<0.10) en el N retenido como porcentaje del absorbido 78.4 % vs 75.2 %. Se observó una mayor (P<0.05) digestibilidad de la E a los 50 kg en los PNN 85.1 vs 84.1 % y a la misma edad (P<0.01) 85.4 vs 84.1 %. La EM fue mayor a los 50 kg (P<0.05) en los PNN 83.0 vs 82.0 % y a la misma edad (P<0.01) 83.5 vs 82.0 %. Se concluye que los cerdos PBN son menos eficientes que los cerdos PNN.
Veinte años de investigación en comunicación pública de la ciencia: desafíos y transformaciones. La Maestría en comunicación de la ciencia y la cultura del ITESO en México
Authors: Herrera Lima Susana
Published: November 2019

Este ensayo presenta un recorrido sobre las transformaciones y tendencias en los temas y problemas de investigación en comunicación pública de la ciencia abordados por estudiantes y académicos de la Maestría en Comunicación de la Ciencia y la Cultura del ITESO, en Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, México, a lo largo de sus veinte años de funcionamiento. Se identifican los cambios en los contenidos, las perspectivas y las formas de abordar problemas de comunicación pública de la ciencia desde la perspectiva sociocultural del programa de posgrado.
Effects of a 5Es learning model on the conceptual understanding and science process skills of pre-service science teachers: The case of gases and gas laws
Authors: Karsli Baydere , Ayas Alipaşa , Çalik Muammer
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using a 5Es learning model on the pre-service science teachers? conceptual understanding and science process skills for ?gases and gas laws?. The sample of the study consisted 49 pre-service science teachers enrolled for the ?Science Laboratory Practices-I? course within the department of science education of a Turkish state university. Through a quasi-experimental research method (pre- and post- -test research design), an experimental group was exposed to the 5Es learning model (engage-explore-explain-elaborate-evaluate) with different conceptual change methods/techniques (i.e., worksheets, computer animations, analogies and experiments). A control group was also taught through existing instruction (e.g., experiments, lecture and question?answer). Data were collected through the gas laws test and the science process skills test. The results of partial eta squared (?2) revealed large-size effects for the control (0.61) and experimental groups (0.73). The 5Es learning model was more effective than the existing instruction in overcoming the pre-service science teachers? alternative conceptions of ?gases and gas laws?, as well as in improving their science process skills. The current study recommends that the 5Es learning model be tested with a larger sample throughout a long-term teaching intervention.
Kontribusi Minat Baca dan Hubungan Sosial Terhadap Kompetensi Pengetahuan IPS pada Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Treismayanti Ni Made , Sujana I Wayan , Suniasih Ni Wayan
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan minatbaca dan hubungan sosial terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS pada siswakelas V SD Gugus Dewi Sartika Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan dan besarankontribusinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan ex post facto denganpendekatan korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswakelas V di SD Gugus Dewi Sartika yang berjumlah 250 orang. Sampel padapenelitian ini ada 152 orang yang ditentukan dari populasi menggunakanteknik proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan datamenggunakan teknik non tes dengan instrumen dalam bentuk angket yangterdiri dari 30 pernyataan untuk pengambilan data minat baca dan hubungansosial. Sebelum angket diujicobakan dilakukan uji instrumen dengan ujivaliditas konstruk, uji validitas butir dan uji reliabilitas. Data kompetensi pengetahuan IPS diperolehdengan teknik pencatatan dokumen. Data hasil penelitian yang telah memenuhi uji prasyarat analisis diuji menggunakan analisis statistik inferensial dengan teknik analisis regresi ganda. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan Fhitung = 4,6 > Ftabel = 3,06 berdasarkan kriteria hal ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruhyang signifikan antara minat baca dan hubungan sosial terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS dengankontribusi sebesar 5,9%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa minat baca dan hubungan sosial memberikankontribusi sebesar 5,9% terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS pada siswa kelas V SD Gugus DewiSartika Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan. Sehingga 94,1% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor belajar lain baikdari faktor dalam diri maupun faktor dari luar diri siswa.
KONTRIBUSI KECERDASAN NATURALIS DAN SIKAP PEDULI SOSIAL TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN IPS SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Pramana I M. Manuh , Sujana I Wayan , Wiyasa I K. Ngurah
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi yang signifikan kecerdasannaturalis dan sikap peduli sosial terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS siswakelas IV SD Negeri Gugus III Mengwi Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian inimenggunakan rancangan “ex post facto” dengan jenis studi korelasi. Populasiyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD Gugus III MengwiTahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Dengan jumlah populasi 264 siswa. Dalam penelitian inisampel ditentukan menggunkaan Teknik Proposional Random Sampling, danmendapatkan sampel sebanyak 150 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dalampenelitian ini meliputi data tentang kecerdasan naturalis, sikap peduli sosial dankompetensi pengetahuan IPS dengan menggunakan metode non test, dalampengumpulan data pada variable bebas menggunakan angket sedangkan dalamvariabel terikat menggunakan teknik pencatatan dokumen. Uji prasyarat analisisdalam penelitian ini menggunakan, uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ujilinieritas, uji multikolinieritas dan uji heteroskedastisitas. Setelah seluruh ujiprasyarat terpenuhi, maka dilanjutkan menguji hipotesis dengan menggunakanteknik analisis regresi linier ganda. Hasil yang didapat yaitu nilai Fhitung = 3,68 > Ftabel= 3,06 berarti signifikan antara kecerdasan naturalis dan sikap peduli sosialterhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS dan kontribusinya sebesar 4,8%. Hal inimemperlihatkan bahwa 95,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain, seperti lingkunganbelajar, hubungan sosial, intelegensi, minat, bakat, rasa ingin tahu. Dapatdisimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kecerdasan naturalis dansikap peduli sosial terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan IPS. Pada penelitian inimampu meningkatkan rasa sikap peduli sosial dan mampu menumbuhkankecerdasan naturalis, ditujukan agar guru dapat meningkatkan kecerdasannaturalis dan sikap peduli sosial siswa sehingga tercapai kompetensi pengetahuanIPS yang baik
Association between receipt of social care and multimorbidity: evidence from a population-sized cohort in Scotland
Authors: Henderson David , Atherton Iain , Bailey Nick , McCowan Colin , Mercer Stewart
Published: November 2019

Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more long-term conditions, is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Little is known, however, about the relationship between multimorbidity and social care use (also known as long-term care). This is important as many developed countries seek to integrate health and social care services as a means of improving quality of services at the same time as making efficiency savings.

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between receipt of formal social care services, sociodemographic variables, and two proxy measures of multimorbidity.

For this retrospective population-based observational study including all individuals over the age of 65 in Scotland in financial years 2014/15 and 2015/16 (n= 975,265), we linked the Scottish Social Care Survey (which holds information on those receiving social care from local authorities) to administrative NHS community prescribing and demographic records. The main outcome binary measure was presence or not in the social care survey. Two proxy measures of multimorbidity were derived from prescribing data. We used logistic regression models and report Average Marginal Effects (AME).

Fifteen percent of all individuals received formal social care services. After adjustment for other modelled factors, multimorbidity showed an increasing magnitude of effect on receipt of social care (AME 16.4% (95% CI 16.2-16.6%) increased probability for 9+ medicines compared to 0-2 medicines, AME 18.8% (95% CI 18.5-19.1%) increased probability for 6+ BNF chapters compared to 0 BNF chapters). The magnitude of effect of deprivation on social care receipt was lower (AME 5.1% (95% CI 4.8-5.4%) increased probability in the most deprived area decile compared to the most affluent) after adjusting for multimorbidity and other demographic factors.

This is one of the first studies to demonstrate an association between multimorbidity and receipt of social care. Increasing prevalence of multimorbidity has greater societal implications than previously described.
Data resource description: National Cancer Registration Dataset in England
Authors: Henson Katherine , Elliss-Brookes Lucy , Coupland Victoria , Payne Elsita , Vernon Sally , Rous Brian , Rashbass Jem
Published: November 2019

Background The National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS), in Public Health England (PHE), collects and quality assures clinical information on all cases of cancer that occur in people living in England. The data collected supports the delivery of effective NHS cancer services.

Aim NCRAS aims to curate a clinically rich data resource, which this abstract describes.

Approach The data collected by NCRAS comes from several sources including Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) meetings and pathology reports. Data is reviewed by Cancer Registration Officers with the assistance of automated tools for data linkage and de-duplication of identical data sources. The data collected includes: patient identifiers; patient characteristics (e.g. sex, ethnicity); cancer specific fields (e.g. diagnosis date, cancer site, morphology, laterality, stage at diagnosis); cancer treatment fields; death information (e.g. date and cause of death); health care system information (e.g. hospital of diagnosis); and geography at diagnosis (based on patient’s postcode of residence).

Results Data is submitted by 162 healthcare providers, covering over 1,700 MDTs. Population-based official statistics are available for cancers diagnosed since 1971. The data is routinely used to inform and allow evidence-based decisions about NHS service provision and patient care and to longitudinally track cancer incidence rates and survival statistics. In recent years, completeness of specific items such as stage has greatly improved. However, non-death outcomes, such as quality of life assessments and recurrence, are currently difficult to identify.

Conclusion Detailed clinical information on cancer across the patient pathway enables the measurement of the diagnosis, treatment and survival outcome of all patients diagnosed with cancer. This population-based national data resource is critical to support service provision, clinical audit, commissioning, planning of services, public health and epidemiological research; all of which contribute to improved outcomes for people diagnosed with cancer.