bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Size‐Controlled Synthesis of IrO2 Nanoparticles at High Temperatures for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Malinovic Marko , Paciok Paul , Koh Ezra Shanli , Geuß Moritz , Choi Jisik , Pfeifer Philipp , Hofmann Jan Philipp , Göhl Daniel , Heggen Marc , Cherevko Serhiy , Ledendecker Marc
Published: June 2023

Iridium oxide is the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst for electrochemical water oxidation in an acidic medium. Despite being one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, there is a pressing need to maximize the utilization and longevity of active iridium centers. While conventional low‐temperature synthesis can yield nanostructures with high mass‐specific activity, they are often insufficiently stable during water oxidation. Structurally ordered iridium oxide is one of the most stable electrocatalysts utilized in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis that benefits from the chemically ordered structure. However, its preparation requires thermal treatment at high temperatures, which improves its durability but can also result in reduced surface area and altered particle morphology. In this study, the challenge of controlling nanoparticle size during the preparation of structurally ordered iridium oxide is successfully addressed, which typically requires high‐temperature thermal treatment. By utilizing a silica nanoreactor as a hard template, a precise control is achieved over the nanoparticle size during high‐temperature thermal treatment. This approach maintains high durability while avoiding the common problem of reduced surface area and altered particle morphology. Specifically, this study is able to synthesize iridium oxide nanoparticles at temperatures up to 800 °C, while keeping their dimensions below 10 nm.
FireDrone: Multi‐Environment Thermally Agnostic Aerial Robot
Authors: Häusermann David , Bodry Sam , Wiesemüller Fabian , Miriyev Aslan , Siegrist Severin , Fu Fan , Gaan Sabyasachi , Koebel Matthias M. , Malfait Wim J. , Zhao Shanyu , Kovač Mirko
Published: June 2023

Deploying robots in extreme environments reduces risks to human lives. However, robot operating conditions are often limited by environmental factors such as extreme temperatures encountered in fire disasters or polar regions. Especially drones face challenges in carrying thermal management systems protecting vital components, due to limited payload capacity compared to ground robots. Herein, a thermally agnostic aerial robot comprising structural thermally insulating material and a phase change material cooling system, inspired by natural thermal regulation principles, is designed, modelled and experimentally validated. Building on the robot development paradigm of physical artificial intelligence, the concurrent development of materials and design enables the creation of novel physiologically adaptive systems. Polyimide aerogel is applied as one of the main structural materials in the drone's design to adapt the robot's structure and properties to extreme temperatures. Glass fiber reinforcement with silica aerogel particles reduces high‐temperature shrinkage and pore structure degradation after exposure to high temperatures and most of the composite aerogel features are preserved. A high technology‐readiness‐level drone prototype, allowing for operation in a broad range of ambient temperatures, is demonstrated. The proposed technology for thermally agnostic drones may unleash the great potential of aerial robotics in multiple industrial and research applications.
Expanding the Diversity of Azepino [3,2,1‐hi] Indoles via Transition Metal‐based Strategies such as Cross‐coupling Reaction and Ring Closing Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meher Punam
Published: June 2023

Here we report several useful synthetic strategies to azepino hi‐indoles, that are structural units in natural products by using commercially available indole derivatives such as 7‐bromo indole and 7‐formylindole via palladium catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction, ring closing olefin metathesis (RCM) as key steps. Later, we extended this strategy to seven‐membered fused indoles containing dioxano and dioxocano derivatives via allylation, double bond isomerization and RCM sequence as key step. Additionally, azepino indole having diene moiety was obtained by enyne metathesis and shown to be useful for Diels−Alder strategy. Along similar lines, we also report eight‐membered fused azocino indole using Grignard reaction and RCM as key steps and we demonstrated that the product obtained is useful for Fischer indolization to obtain bis‐indole derivative. Here several synthetically useful transformations were performed to generate diversity in the fused indole derivatives. All the compounds synthesized here are well characterized by NMR and HRMS data.Introduction
Early β‐amyloid accumulation in the brain is associated with peripheral T cell alterations
Authors: Gericke Christoph , Kirabali Tunahan , Flury Roman , Mallone Anna , Rickenbach Chiara , Kulic Luka , Tosevski Vinko , Hock Christoph , Nitsch Roger M. , Treyer Valerie , Ferretti Maria Teresa , Gietl Anton
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION

Fast and minimally invasive approaches for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly anticipated. Evidence of adaptive immune cells responding to cerebral β‐amyloidosis has raised the question of whether immune markers could be used as proxies for β‐amyloid accumulation in the brain.

METHODS

Here, we apply multidimensional mass‐cytometry combined with unbiased machine‐learning techniques to immunophenotype peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a total of 251 participants in cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies.

RESULTS

We show that increases in antigen‐experienced adaptive immune cells in the blood, particularly CD45RA‐reactivated T effector memory (TEMRA) cells, are associated with early accumulation of brain β‐amyloid and with changes in plasma AD biomarkers in still cognitively healthy subjects.

DISCUSSION

Our results suggest that preclinical AD pathology is linked to systemic alterations of the adaptive immune system. These immunophenotype changes may help identify and develop novel diagnostic tools for early AD assessment and better understand clinical outcomes.
A life‐threatening case of pheochromocytoma crisis with hemodynamic instability
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroaki , Kiriu Nobuaki , Kato Hiroshi , Kiyozumi Tetsuro
Published: June 2023

Background

Pheochromocytoma crisis (PCC) is a fatal disease characterized by hyper and/or hypotension, hyperthermia, and encephalopathy, and its diagnosis and treatment are challenging.

Case presentation

A 50‐year‐old woman presented with hypertension, and computed tomography showed an adrenal tumor. Fever, shock, and impaired consciousness were observed, and PCC was diagnosed clinically. Systolic blood pressure fluctuated from 40–220 mmHg within a few minutes, and circulatory agonists were adjusted accordingly. The blood pressure changes gradually stabilized with α‐blockade. Surgery was performed on hospital day 26, and the pathological diagnosis was consistent with a pheochromocytoma. She was discharged on hospital day 37.

Conclusion

Computed tomography may facilitate early diagnosis in the acute phase of PCC in case of limited patient medical information and insufficient time to wait for a definitive diagnosis using traditional hormone tests. The shock requires pharmacological therapy to maintain circulation, and paradoxically, the administration of α‐blockade can be lifesaving.
Metagenomics of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease: Prodromal Changes
Authors: Palacios Natalia , Wilkinson Jeremy , Bjornevik Kjetil , Schwarzschild Michael A. , McIver Lauren , Ascherio Alberto , Huttenhower Curtis
Published: June 2023

Objective

Prior studies on the gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease (PD) have yielded conflicting results, and few studies have focused on prodromal (premotor) PD or used shotgun metagenomic profiling to assess microbial functional potential. We conducted a nested case–control study within 2 large epidemiological cohorts to examine the role of the gut microbiome in PD.

Methods

We profiled the fecal metagenomes of 420 participants in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study with recent onset PD (N = 75), with features of prodromal PD (N = 101), controls with constipation (N = 113), and healthy controls (N = 131) to identify microbial taxonomic and functional features associated with PD and features suggestive of prodromal PD. Omnibus and feature‐wise analyses identified bacterial species and pathways associated with prodromal and recently onset PD.

Results

We observed depletion of several strict anaerobes associated with reduced inflammation among participants with PD or features of prodromal PD. A microbiome‐based classifier had moderate accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76 for species and 0.74 for pathways) to discriminate between recently onset PD cases and controls. These taxonomic shifts corresponded with functional shifts indicative of carbohydrate source preference. Similar, but less marked, changes were observed in participants with features of prodromal PD, in both microbial features and functions.

Interpretation

PD and features of prodromal PD were associated with similar changes in the gut microbiome. These findings suggest that changes in the microbiome could represent novel biomarkers for the earliest phases of PD. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:486–501
Bestimmung der Produktivität der direkten Umwandlung von Methan in Methanol mittels Kupfer ausgetauschtem Zeolith Omega (MAZ) mittels dem Sauerstoff Looping Verfahren
Authors: Wieser Johannes , Knorpp Amy J. , Stoian Dragos C. , Rzepka Przemyslaw , Newton Mark A. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: June 2023

Die Methan in Methanol (MtM) Umwandlung über den Sauerstoff‐Looping‐Ansatz unter Verwendung von kupferausgetauschten Zeolithen wurde in den letzten zehn Jahren eingehend untersucht. Während sich ein Großteil der Forschung auf die Maximierung von Ausbeute und Selektivität konzentrierte, wurde der Produktivität weniger Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt ‐ einer Kennzahl, die für die Bewertung des industriellen Potenzials viel aussagekräftiger ist. Anhand von kupferausgetauschtem Zeolith Omega (Cu‐Omega), einem Material mit hoher Aktivität und Selektivität für die MtM‐Umwandlung über den isothermen Sauerstoff‐Looping‐Ansatz, zeigen wir, dass dieses Material ein noch nicht dagewesenes Potenzial für die industrielle Anwendung aufweist. Dabei stellen wir auch eine neuartige Methodik vor, welche Operando XAS und Massenspektrometrie für das Screening von Materialien für die MtM‐Umwandlung im Sauerstoff‐Looping‐Verfahren kombiniert.
N−X⋅⋅⋅O−N Halogen Bonds in Complexes of N‐Haloimides and Pyridine‐N‐oxides: A Large Data Set Study
Authors: Puttreddy Rakesh , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Yu Shilin , Rissanen Kari
Published: June 2023

N−X⋅⋅⋅−O−N+ halogen‐bonded systems formed by 27 pyridine N‐oxides (PyNOs) as halogen‐bond (XB) acceptors and two N‐halosuccinimides, two N‐halophthalimides, and two N‐halosaccharins as XB donors are studied in silico, in solution, and in the solid state. This large set of data (132 DFT optimized structures, 75 crystal structures, and 168 1H NMR titrations) provides a unique view to structural and bonding properties. In the computational part, a simple electrostatic model (SiElMo) for predicting XB energies using only the properties of halogen donors and oxygen acceptors is developed. The SiElMo energies are in perfect accord with energies calculated from XB complexes optimized with two high‐level DFT approaches. Data from in silico bond energies and single‐crystal X‐ray structures correlate; however, data from solution do not. The polydentate bonding characteristic of the PyNOs’ oxygen atom in solution, as revealed by solid‐state structures, is attributed to the lack of correlation between DFT/solid‐state and solution data. XB strength is only slightly affected by the PyNO oxygen properties [(atomic charge (Q), ionization energy (Is,min) and local negative minima (Vs,min)], as the σ‐hole (Vs,max) of the donor halogen is the key determinant leading to the sequence N‐halosaccharin>N‐halosuccinimide>N‐halophthalimide on the XB strength.
A Low‐Strain Cathode by sp‐Carbon Induced Conversion in Multi‐Level Structure of Graphdiyne
Authors: Gao Xiaoya , Tian Jianxin , Cheng Shujin , Zuo Zicheng , Wen Rui , He Feng , Li Yuliang
Published: June 2023

A multi‐level architecture formed alternatively by the conformal graphdiyne (GDY) and CuS is well engineered for Li‐free cathode. Such a proof‐of‐concept architecture efficiently integrates the advantages of GDY and produces new functional heterojunctions (sp−C−S−Cu hybridization bond). The layer‐by‐layer 2D confinement effect successfully avoids structural collapse, the selective transport inhibits the shuttling of active components, and the interfacial sp−C−S−Cu hybridization bond significantly regulates the phase conversion reaction. Such new sp−C−S−Cu hybridization of GDY greatly improves the reaction dynamics and reversibility, and the cathode delivers an energy density of 934 Wh kg−1 and an unattenuated lifespan of 3000 cycles at 1 C. Our results indicate that the GDY‐based interface strategy will greatly promote the efficient utilization of the conversion‐type cathodes.
Testing protocols to optimize DNA extraction from tough leaf tissue: A case study in Encephalartos
Authors: Jones Maia M. , Nagalingum Nathalie S. , Handley Vanessa M.
Published: June 2023

Premise

Plants with stiff, leathery leaves pose a challenge for standard DNA extraction protocols. These tissues are recalcitrant to mechanical disruption via TissueLyser (or analogous devices) and are often high in secondary metabolites. These compounding factors result in low yields, which may be sufficient for PCR amplification but are generally inadequate for genomic applications that require large quantities of high‐quality DNA. Cycads in the genus Encephalartos exemplify these challenges, as this group of plants is fortified for life in harsh, dry habitats with notoriously thick and rigid leaves.

Methods and Results

Using a DNA extraction kit, we tested three methods of mechanical disruption and examined the differences between stored vs. freshly collected samples and mature vs. senescing leaflets. We found that the manual method of pulverizing tissue yields the highest concentrations of DNA, and that both senescing leaflets and leaflet tissue that has been stored for extended periods yield sufficient DNA for genomic analyses.

Conclusions

These findings shed light on the feasibility of using senescing leaves and/or tissue that has been stored on silica for long periods of time when attempting to extract large amounts of DNA. We provide here an optimized DNA extraction protocol that can be applied to cycads and other plant groups with tough or rigid leaves.
Modified CTAB protocols for high‐molecular‐weight DNA extractions from ferns
Authors: Xie Pei‐Jun , Ke Ya‐Ting , Kuo Li‐Yaung
Published: June 2023

Premise

Efficient protocols for extracting high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) DNA from ferns facilitate the long‐read sequencing of their large and complex genomes. Here, we perform two cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐based protocols to extract HMW DNA and evaluate their applicability in diverse fern taxa for the first time.

Methods and Results

We describe two modified CTAB protocols, with key adjustments to minimize mechanical disruption during lysis to prevent DNA shearing. One of these protocols uses a small amount of fresh tissue but yields a considerable quantity of HMW DNA with high efficiency. The other accommodates a large amount of input tissue, adopts an initial step of nuclei isolation, and thus ensures a high yield in a short period of time. Both methods were proven to be robust and effective in obtaining HMW DNA from diverse fern lineages, including 33 species in 19 families. The DNA extractions mostly had high DNA integrity, with mean sizes larger than 50 kbp, as well as high purity (A260/A230 and A260/A280 > 1.8).

Conclusions

This study provides HMW DNA extraction protocols for ferns in the hope of facilitating further attempts to sequence their genomes, which will bridge our genomic understanding of land plant diversity.
Pulling back the curtain: Exploring norms and practices among a sample of anatomy‐related departments in U.S. medical schools
Authors: Griffith MacKenzie , Ferrigno Christopher , Wilson Adam B.
Published: June 2023

Anatomy‐related departments have access to comparative research productivity data (e.g., Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research), yet no datasets exist for comparing departments' general practices pertinent to education‐focused faculty. Practice trends in anatomy‐related departments across U.S. medical schools were explored by surveying departmental leaders. The survey inquired about: (i) faculty time allocations, (ii) anatomy teaching services, (iii) faculty labor distribution models, and (iv) faculty compensation practices. A nationally representative sample of 35 departments (of 194) responded to the survey. On average, anatomy educators are allotted 24% (median = 15%) protected time for research, irrespective of funding, 62% for teaching and course administration (median = 68%), 12% for service, and 2% for administration. Forty‐four percent (15 of 34) of departments taught at least five different student populations, often across multiple colleges. Many departments (65%; 11 of 17) applied formulaic methods for determining faculty workloads, often as a function of course credits or contact hours. Average base salaries for assistant and associate professors reported by this survey were consistent (p ≥ 0.056) with national means (i.e., Association of American Medical Colleges Annual Faculty Salary Report). Merit‐based increases and bonuses averaged 5% and 10% of faculty's salaries, respectively, when awarded. Cost‐of‐living increases averaged 3%. Overall, departments' workload and compensation practices vary widely, likely a consequence of different institutional cultures, locations, needs, and financial priorities. This sample dataset allows anatomy‐related departments to compare and reflect upon their practices and competitiveness in recruiting and retaining faculty.
Improving physiotherapy students' anatomy learning experience and short‐term knowledge retention—An observational study in Malta
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Narnaware Yuwaraj
Published: June 2023

Anatomy is physiotherapy's foundation. However, undergraduate classroom learning and knowledge acquisition‐retention remain questionable. This study explored the possibility of improving this learning experience and evaluates the gross anatomy of abdomen and pelvis short‐term knowledge retention among first‐year physiotherapy students in Malta. The online Kahoot! game‐based quiz platform was used through an instructor‐designed best‐of‐four multiple‐choice questions. Correctly answered questions and Kahoot! scores generated by the platform were utilized to measure knowledge retention. Kahoot! sessions 1 and 3 shared similar attendance and response rate and were compared together. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare Kahoot! scores and Chi test for trend to compare correctly answered questions. Students' perceived learning experiences before and after the introduction of the Kahoot quizzes were gathered through Likert scores and analyzed using McNamar's chi‐square test. Overall, a significantly increased trend in correctly answered questions (χ2: 23.38, p‐value: <0.001) across the Kahoot! sessions were evident. Four questions out of 12 exhibited significant Kahoot! scores differences. Students reported better learning experiences following the initiation of Kahoot! (χ2: 5.1, p‐value: 0.02). Indeed, all students agreed that the use of the interactive quiz improved their anatomy short term knowledge retention. Introducing an online interactive quiz as part of the lecture program may be useful to improve the learning experience and anatomy knowledge retention among physiotherapy students.
Using a collaborative working group model to develop an ADHD resource for school staff
Authors: Ward Rebecca J. , Kovshoff Hanna , Kreppner Jana
Published: June 2023

Inclusive education for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents challenges for school staff and professional development is lacking. Training is not always available when needed, strategies suggested by external experts can be impractical and staff lack autonomy in choosing the best way of being resourced. Additionally, the experience and knowledge of the range of school staff is not utilised. A collaborative working group of school staff and a researcher explored an alternative method of ADHD resourcing. Co‐construction of knowledge defines how the group discursively identified actionable knowledge from the different perspectives and knowledge brought by individual group members. A systemic framework was used to critically reflect on the collaboration. The framework enabled reflection on four areas to understand how and why the collaboration led to a published web‐based school staff ADHD resource. Firstly, starting conditions and assumptions were considered to identify and articulate the rationale for the resource. Secondly, the context and system dynamics enabled consideration of the socio‐cultural and political landscape of the project and the impact of COVID‐19. Thirdly, the different voices of participants and power dynamics were reflected on. Finally, emergence was a frame in which to elucidate knowledge production and changes in practice. The collaborative working group addressed the research–practice gap and the need for diversity of voices to be heard across the school. Knowledge co‐construction positions staff as knowledge bearers and, together with different forms of knowledge, they can be empowered to create new, contextualised evidence‐based knowledge.
A home‐based approach to demonstrate column and thin layer chromatography during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ediriweera Meran Keshawa , Fernando Dilusha , Thoradeniya Tharanga , Warawitagei Dilanthi Hewa , Siridewa Kithmini
Published: June 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused several educational challenges. Conducting laboratory experiments was an uphill task during the pandemic. Here, we developed a low‐cost and reliable home‐based experimental setup to teach column and thin layer chromatography (TLC) using silica gel granules available at home. Powdered silica gel, prepared by grinding silica gel granules, was used as the stationary phase. Iso‐propyl alcohol, purchased from a pharmacy, was diluted with water and used as the mobile phase. A food coloring was chromatographically separated using the designed column. Moreover, TLC plates were prepared using powdered silica gel and a drop of food coloring was separated on TLC plates using the same mobile phase. In the article, we show our experiences by providing methods used to implement this experimental setup. We assume that this experimental setup will be helpful for other universities, research institutes and schools to develop online laboratory curricula to demonstrate basic chromatography techniques required for subjects such as chemistry, biochemistry and biology.
Lanthanide‐doped rare earth nanoparticles for near‐infrared‐II imaging and cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Xiao He , Liu Ying , Ju Huangxian
Published: June 2023

The optical nanoprobes with emissions in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) show low tissue autofluorescence and photon scattering; therefore, they provide high spatial resolution and acceptable tissue penetration depth. These advantages make them appropriate for in vivo applications, including bioimaging, NIR‐II triggered disease therapy, and even on‐site efficacy monitoring. Among the various developed NIR‐II fluorescence probes, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LDNPs) exhibit high photo stability and narrow emission bandwidths with long photoluminescence lifetimes and low cytotoxicity; therefore, they have been widely studied in the biomedical field. This review summarizes the typical compositions and optical properties of recently developed NIR‐II emitting LDNPs. Their applications in in vivo NIR‐II bioimaging and cancer therapy are reviewed. The perspectives and challenges of NIR‐II LDNPs are also discussed.
A Protonated Cytidine Stabilizes the Ligand‐Binding Pocket in the PreQ1 Riboswitch in Thermophilic Bacteria
Authors: Rückriegel Stefanie , Hohmann Katharina F. , Fürtig Boris
Published: June 2023

Riboswitches are bacterial mRNA structure elements regulating either transcription or translation of downstream genes in response to high‐affinity binding of a low molecular weight ligand. Among this diverse group of RNA structures, the class‐I preQ1 sensing riboswitches (QSW) stand out since they are the smallest known natural riboswitches. The preQ1 sensing riboswitches combine ligand sensing and functional control within a single structural domain that adopts a pseudoknot conformation encapsulating both the cognate ligand and the ribosome binding site. preQ1 sensing riboswitches also occur in thermophilic bacteria. In these cases, their tertiary structures have to be stable even at temperatures above 60 °C to be functional at the organism's optimal growth temperatures. Despite the available high‐resolution structures of these riboswitches, it is not yet understood which tertiary interactions are primarily responsible for their exceptional temperature stability. Here, we show that an intricate three‐dimensional network of non‐canonical interactions involving various non‐neighboring nucleobases is the origin of the riboswitch's thermostability. An essential part of this network is a so far undetected stably protonated cytidine. It is characterized by an exceptional high pKA value of >9.7 and could be unambiguously identified through the application of modern heteronuclear detected NMR experiments. Thus, the presence or absence of a single proton can modulate the formation of an RNA tertiary structure and ligand binding capacity under extreme environmental conditions.
Coexistence of mucinous nevus and multiple collagenoma with unilateral, dermatomal, and multi segmental distribution
Authors: Faghihi Gita , Moeine Reza , Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Rajabi Parvin , Shahriarirad Reza
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Connective tissue nevus is a hamartoma composed of excess amounts of one or several components of the dermis, such as collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans. This report introduces a 14‐year‐old girl with grouped flesh color papules and skin color nodules distributed unilaterally with a dermatomal pattern. These lesions involved more than one segment. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosing collagenoma and mucinous nevus. We reported the first case of mucinous nevus with multiple collagenoma that shows the specific clinical features.
Foot and ankle tuberculosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nogdallah Sami , Mustafa M. Elghazali Abuelgassim E. , Khairy Alaa Mohamed , Fatooh Montaser , Abd‐Elmaged Hozaifa Mohammed Ali
Published: June 2023

Key clinical message

It is important to consider foot and ankle tuberculosis (TB) as a potential cause of cystic lesion around the ankle, especially in patients with a history of TB. Early diagnosis and treatment with a rifampin‐based regimen for a duration of 12 months can lead to good functional and clinical outcomes.

Skeletal TB is an uncommon accounting for 10% of extra‐pulmonary TB may present slowly over an extended period of time, making a diagnosis difficult and time‐consuming (Microbiology Spectr. 2017;5:5). For the best possible outcome and to reduce the risk of deformity diagnosis must be early (Foot (Edinb). 2018;37:105). For the treatment of drug‐susceptible musculoskeletal illness, a rifampin‐based regimen lasting 12 months is advised (Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:e147; J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:240; Tubercle. 1986;67:243). A 33‐year‐old female who are working as nurse with diffuse, persistent and low in intensity ankle pain not aggravated relieved by analgesia and swelling over a period of 2 months, static not related to activity. With past medical history of partially treated pulmonary TB 1 year ago. She reported night sweats and low‐grade fever during this period, and she denied any history of trauma. The right ankle was globally swollen and tender anteriorly and on the lateral malleolus. The skin over the ankle showed dark discoloration with cautery marks with no discharging sinuses. The range of motion of the right ankle was decreased. The plain x‐ray of the right ankle showed three cystic lesion at the distal tibia, one cyst at the lateral malleolus and another one at the calcaneum. Surgical biopsy and expert gene test confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous osteomyelitis. The patient was planned for surgical curettage of the lesion. After the confirmation of the diagnosis of TB with the biopsy and gene expert test, with consultation of senior chest physician the patient fitted to anti‐tuberculous regimen. The patient had good functional and clinical outcome. This case report highlights the importance of considering skeletal TB as a potential cause of musculoskeletal symptoms, especially in patients with a history of TB. Early diagnosis and treatment with a rifampin‐based regimen for a duration of 12 months can lead to good functional and clinical outcomes. Further research on the management and prevention of musculoskeletal TB is warranted to improve patient outcomes. The lesson behind this case is that the diagnosis TB osteomyelitis should be on the top of differential diagnosis of multiple cystic lesions around the foot and ankle especially in area where TB is endemic. Early diagnosis and early start of anti‐tuberculous therapy can lead to full cure of the patient and in bad situation can minimize the complications.
A case report of a pregnant woman with compensated liver cirrhosis and pancytopenia
Authors: S. S Sreenisha , Bako Abdulmalik , Yaqoub Salwa Abo , Din Feazlin Mohd
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Liver cirrhosis may worsen during pregnancy resulting in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Proper antenatal evaluation, staging, and variceal screening will facilitate the management. Elective endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) during the second trimester can prevent unexpected variceal bleeding. A multidisciplinary approach including the planning of delivery and shared decision‐making is recommended for favorable pregnancy outcomes.

Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is relatively uncommon. During pregnancy, liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension may worsen significantly, placing both the mother and fetus at an increased risk of serious morbidity and life‐threatening events. With the use of a wide variety of diagnostic tools and considerably improved treatment strategies, many women with liver disease in pregnancies are being diagnosed with significantly improved obstetric outcomes. We present a case of a 33‐year‐old lady with a previous medical history of cryptogenic chronic liver disease and schistosomiasis associated with periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia. The mother presented to our tertiary care center at 18 weeks of gestation. She had EVL twice during the second trimester. With multidisciplinary care and follow‐up, she labored spontaneously and was discharged home on third postnatal day.
Complete form of pachydermoperiostosis with good initial response to etoricoxib: A case report
Authors: Baniya Abinash , Bhattarai Ayam , Devkota Bibek , Khatiwada Saurav , Kafle Pramod Kumar , Phuyal Achyut Krishna , Shahi Manoj
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare genetic disorder that closely resembles acromegaly. Diagnosis is usually based on distinct clinical and radiological features. Oral etoricoxib therapy showed a good initial response in our patient.

Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a rare genetic disorder with unclear etiopathogenesis. We report a case of a 38‐year‐old male who presented with classic features of PDP. Our patient showed a good initial response to etoricoxib therapy but the safety and efficacy over long‐term use are yet to be determined in further studies.
Endoscopic drainage with a metallic stent for obstructive jaundice caused by bile duct metastasis of breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Kenta , Yokoyama Masaki , Hirao Yoshinori , Sato Yuki , Saito Taro , Soma Yasushi , Mizukami Hiroki , Fukuda Shisaku , Sakuraba Hirotake
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Bile duct metastasis of breast cancer is rare. It often causes obstructive jaundice which makes the patient interrupt state of treatment. Endoscopic drainage for obstructive jaundice is effective and less invasive treatment option also in this case.

A 66‐year‐old breast ductal carcinoma patient developed obstructive jaundice, presenting with epigastric discomfort and dark‐colored urine. Computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed bile duct stenosis. Brushing cytology and tissue biopsy confirmed bile duct metastasis, a self‐expandable metallic stent was placed/replaced endoscopically, and chemotherapy was continued, extending the patient's life.
Oral myiasis: A known case of scar epilepsy in a 45‐year‐old
Authors: Monawwer Syed Abdullah , Ali Sajjad , Ali Syeda Laibah , Malikzai Abdullah
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Oral myiasis (OM) is brought on by parasitic larvae that consume both living and dead tissue. Our study aims to present the possible circumstances under which people suffer from this deteriorating condition in juxtaposition to scar epilepsy.

A uncommon disease known as oral myiasis (OM) is brought on by parasitic larvae that consume both living and dead tissue. OM cases in humans are scarce, although most of those reported come from developing nations or tropical regions. This case report describes a rare larvae infestation in the oral cavity of a 45‐year‐old woman who had previously undergone a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure, convulsions, and fever. The patient presented with episodic grand‐mal seizures accompanied by fever for 2 days. She is a known case of scar epilepsy and underwent VP shunting due to hydrocephalus post‐meningoencephalitis 16 years ago. The patient subsequently underwent symptomatic treatment and was later diagnosed with OM during her management. Histopathology of the biopsy following wound debridement revealed invasive fungal growth causing necrosis and erosion of the buccal mucosa and palate with no evidence of malignancy. The presentation of OM is an infrequent and exclusively rare entity. Our study aims to present the possible circumstances under which people suffer from this deteriorating condition in juxtaposition to scar epilepsy. This case report highlights the significance of prompt medicinal intervention and debridement coupled with preventative measures undertaken for a better prognosis and longevity.
Regulation of Rate‐Determining Step on (RhxNi1‐x)2P for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Jin Yiming , Gong Dan , Luo Jiarui , Su Lixin , Men Yana , Cai Ping , Hu Kai
Published: June 2023

The development of cost‐efficient Pt‐group metals (PGM)‐based electrocatalysts with low noble metal loading for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) remains challenging for practical applications of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here we successfully synthesized a series of (RhxNi1−x)2P catalysts with satisfying HOR performance in alkaline media. Especially, (Rh0.3Ni0.7)2P−C exhibits an excellent mass activity of 1.274 mA μgPGM−1, 7‐times higher than that of Rh−C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results indicate that benefiting from the synergistic effect of Rh sites with Ni2P, the hydroxyl binding energy (OHBE) is enhanced on the optimized P sites of (RhxNi1−x )2P, which, together with the accelerated water desorption behavior derived from the downshifted d‐band center of Rh sites in (RhxNi1−x )2P, contributes to speeding up the water formation step and thus resulting in the translation of rate‐determining step, as well as the enhanced alkaline HOR performance.
Model‐Informed Approaches and Innovative Clinical Trial Design for Adeno‐Associated Viral Vector‐Based Gene Therapy Product Development: A White Paper
Authors: Mitra Amitava , Ahmed Mariam A. , Krishna Rajesh , Sun Kefeng , Gibbons Francis D. , Campagne Olivia , Rayad Noha , Roman Youssef M. , Albusaysi Salwa , Burian Maria , Younis Islam R.
Published: June 2023

The promise of viral vector‐based gene therapy (GT) as a transformative paradigm for treating severely debilitating and life‐threatening diseases is slowly coming to fruition with the recent approval of several drug products. However, they have a unique mechanism of action often necessitating a tortuous clinical development plan. Expertise in such complex therapeutic modality is still fairly limited in this emerging class of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector‐based gene therapies. Because of the irreversible mode of action and incomplete understanding of genotype–phenotype relationship and disease progression in rare diseases careful considerations should be given to GT product's benefit–risk profile. In particular, special attention needs to be paid to safe dose selection, reliable dose exposure response (including clinically relevant endpoints), or creative approaches in study design targeting small patient populations during clinical development. We believe that quantitative tools encompassed within model‐informed drug development (MIDD) framework fits quite well in the development of such novel therapies, as they enable us to benefit from the totality of data approach in order to support dose selection as well as optimize clinical trial designs, end point selection, and patient enrichment. In this thought leadership paper, we provide our collective experiences, identify challenges, and suggest areas of improvement in applications of modeling and innovative trial design in development of AAV‐based GT products and reflect on the challenges and opportunities for incorporating MIDD tools and more in rational development of these products.
Mott‐Schottky MXene@WS2 Heterostructure: Structural and Thermodynamic Insights and Application in Ultra Stable Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Anmin , Qiao Shaoming , Zhang Qiang , Huang Chunhong , Lei Da , Shi Xiaoshan , He Gaohong , Zhang Fengxiang
Published: June 2023

Due to the “shuttle effect” and low conversion kinetics of polysulfides, the cycle stability of lithium sulfur (Li−S) battery is unsatisfactory, which hinders its practical application. The Mott‐Schottky heterostructures for Li−S batteries not only provide more catalytic/adsorption active sites, but also facilitate electrons transport by a built‐in electric field, which are both beneficial for polysulfides conversion and long‐term cycle stability. Here, MXene@WS2 heterostructure was constructed by in‐situ hydrothermal growth for separator modification. In‐depth ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis reveals that there is an energy band difference between MXene and WS2, confirming the heterostructure nature of MXene@WS2. DFT calculations indicate that the Mott‐Schottky MXene@WS2 heterostructure can effectively promote electron transfer, improve the multi‐step cathodic reaction kinetics, and further enhance polysulfides conversion. The built‐in electric field of the heterostructure plays an important role in reducing the energy barrier of polysulfides conversion. Thermodynamic studies reveal the best stability of MXene@WS2 during polysulfides adsorption. As a result, the Li−S battery with MXene@WS2 modified separator exhibits high specific capacity (1613.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and excellent cycling stability (2000 cycles with 0.0286 % decay per cycle at 2 C). Even at a high sulfur loading of 6.3 mg cm−2, the specific capacity could be retained by 60.0 % after 240 cycles at 0.3 C. This work provides deep structural and thermodynamic insights into MXene@WS2 heterostructure and its promising prospect of application in high performance Li−S batteries.
Thermal mismatches explain consumer–resource dynamics in response to environmental warming
Authors: Álvarez‐Codesal Soraya , Faillace Cara A. , Garreau Alexandre , Bestion Elvire , Synodinos Alexis D. , Montoya José M.
Published: June 2023

Changing temperatures will impact food webs in ways we yet to fully understand. The thermal sensitivities of various physiological and ecological processes differ across organisms and study systems, hindering the generation of accurate predictions. One step towards improving this picture is to acquire a mechanistic understanding of how temperature change impacts trophic interactions before we can scale these insights up to food webs and ecosystems. Here, we implement a mechanistic approach centered on the thermal sensitivity of energetic balances in pairwise consumer–resource interactions, measuring the thermal dependence of energetic gain and loss for two resource and one consumer freshwater species. Quantifying the balance between energy gain and loss, we determined the temperature ranges where the balance decreased for each species in isolation (intraspecific thermal mismatch) and where a mismatch in the balance between consumer and resource species emerged (interspecific thermal mismatch). The latter reveals the temperatures for which consumer and resource energetic balances respond either differently or in the same way, which in turn informs us of the strength of top‐down control. We found that warming improved the energetic balance for both resources, but reduces it for the consumer, due to the stronger thermal sensitivity of respiration compared to ingestion. The interspecific thermal mismatch yielded different patterns between the two consumer–resource pairs. In one case, the consumer–resource energetic balance became weaker throughout the temperature gradient, and in the other case it produced a U‐shaped response. By also measuring interaction strength for these interaction pairs, we demonstrated the correspondence of interspecific thermal mismatches and interaction strength. Our approach accounts for the energetic traits of both consumer and resource species, which combined produce a good indication of the thermal sensitivity of interaction strength. Thus, this novel approach links thermal ecology with parameters typically explored in food‐web studies.
Predicted impact of atrial flow regulator on survival in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Lauder Lucas , Bergmann Martin W. , Paitazoglou Christina , Özdemir Ramazan , Iliadis Christos , Bartunek Jozef , Lauten Alexander , Keller Thomas , Weber Stephan , Sievert Horst , Anker Stefan D. , Mahfoud Felix
Published: June 2023

Aims

We aim to assess the theoretical impact of the atrial flow regulator (AFR) on survival in heart failure.

Methods and results

The prospective, multicentre, open‐label, non‐randomised PRELIEVE study (NCT 03030274) assessed the safety and efficacy of the Occlutech AFR device in patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 15% and <40%) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (LVEF ≥40% and <70%) and elevated PCWP (≥15 mmHg at rest or ≥25 mmHg during exercise). In this analysis, after the first 60 patients completed 12 months of follow‐up, the theoretical impact of AFR implantation on survival was assessed by comparing the observed mortality rate with the median predicted probability for one‐year mortality. Each subject's risk of mortality was predicted from individual baseline data using the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic HF (MAGGIC) prognostic model. A total of 87 patients (46% female, median age 69 years [IQR 62–74]) had undergone successful device implantation for the treatment of HFrEF (53%) and HFpEF (47%). Sixty patients had a complete 12 month follow‐up. The median follow‐up was 351 days (interquartile range [IQR] 202–370). Six (7%) patients died during follow‐up (8.6 deaths per 100 patient‐years; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7 to 15.5), all of which had HFrEF. The median predicted mortality rate for the overall study population was 12.2 deaths per 100 patient‐years (95% CI 10.2 to 14.7). While the observed mortality rate (0 deaths per 100 patient‐years) was significantly lower than the median predicted mortality rate (9.3 deaths per 100 patient‐years; 95% CI 8.4 to 11.1) in patients with HFpEF (−9.3 deaths per 100 patient‐years; 95% CI −11.1 to −8.4), there was no difference in patients with HFrEF (−3.6 deaths per 100 patient‐years; 95% CI −9.5 to 3.0). Four deaths were HF‐related deaths (5.7 HF‐related deaths per 100 patient‐years; 95% CI 1.4 to 11.9; 10.8 HF‐related deaths per 100 patient‐years; 95% CI 2.5 to 23.1 in the HFrEF subgroup).

Conclusions

In patients with HFpEF, the mortality rate following AFR implantation was lower than the predicted mortality rate. Dedicated randomised, controlled trials are needed – and currently ongoing – to investigate whether the AFR improves mortality.
High‐performance piezoelectric yarns for artificial intelligence‐enabled wearable sensing and classification
Authors: Kim Dabin , Yang Ziyue , Cho Jaewon , Park Donggeun , Kim Dong Hwi , Lee Jinkee , Ryu Seunghwa , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kim Miso
Published: June 2023

Piezoelectric polymer fibers offer a fundamental element in intelligent fabrics with their shape adaptability and energy‐conversion capability for wearable activity and health monitoring applications. Nonetheless, realizing high‐performance smart polymer fibers faces a technical challenge due to the relatively low piezoelectric performance. Here, we demonstrate high‐performance piezoelectric yarns simultaneously equipped with structural robustness and mechanical flexibility. The key to substantially enhanced piezoelectric performance is promoting the electroactive β‐phase formation during electrospinning via adding an adequate amount of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles into the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)). When transformed into a yarn structure by twisting the electrospun mats, the BaTiO3‐doped P(VDF‐TrFE) fibers become mechanically strengthened with significantly improved elastic modulus and ductility. Owing to the tailored convolution neural network algorithms architected for classification, the as‐developed BaTiO3‐doped piezo‐yarn device woven into a cotton fabric exhibits monitoring and identifying capabilities for body signals during seven human motion activities with a high accuracy of 99.6%.

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Forecasting intraday financial time series with sieve bootstrapping and dynamic updating
Authors: Shang Han Lin , Ji Kaiying
Published: June 2023

Intraday financial data often take the form of a collection of curves that can be observed sequentially over time, such as intraday stock price curves. These curves can be viewed as a time series of functions observed on equally spaced and dense grids. Due to the curse of dimensionality, high‐dimensional data pose challenges from a statistical aspect; however, it also provides opportunities to analyze a rich source of information so that the dynamic changes within short‐time intervals can be better understood. We consider a sieve bootstrap method to construct 1‐day‐ahead point and interval forecasts in a model‐free way. As we sequentially observe new data, we also implement two dynamic updating methods to update point and interval forecasts for achieving improved accuracy. The forecasting methods are validated through an empirical study of 5‐min cumulative intraday returns of the S&P/ASX All Ordinaries Index.