bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado nutricional, imagem corporal e percepção sobre o estado de saúde de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de um centro de diabetes
Authors: Brod Laura , Kilpp Débora , Kuczynski Kalina , Vargas Larissa , Magalhães Larissa , Borges Lúcia , Abib Renata , Marques Anne
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and obesity have a close relationship, since a body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2 significantly increases the risks for the onset of the disease. These illnesses can reflect on the individual’s self-perception of body image and health care. Therefore, the objective was to assess nutritional status, body image and perception of the health status of patients with DM2 at a diabetes center. Methods: This cross-sectional study was comprised of adult and elderly individuals, of both sexes, who attend a nutrition clinic in southern Brazil. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements of weight and height, while neck and waist circumference were used to assess the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Sociodemographic, body image and health status data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were evaluated by means of descriptive analysis, and for the association of categorical variables, a chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test (p <0.05) was used. Results: It was found a higher prevalence of women (76.9%), adults (57.7%), overweight (100%), and only 2 participants (7.7%) were not at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. 55.6% of the patients considered their state of health to be excellent/good and 100% of them demonstrated a desire to have a smaller silhouette. There was no association between self-perceived health status and body image (p = 0.3088), nor between social class and health status (p = 0.4244). Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight in patients with DM2 is extremely high, as well as dissatisfaction with the silhouette. Still, in this study, individuals consider their health status to be good/excellent. The results obtained demonstrate the need to raise the awareness of patients with DM2 about the disease and the importance of maintaining an adequate weight.
“Diga não à desnutrição”: diagnóstico e conduta nutricional de pacientes internados
Authors: Valadão Thaisa , Silva Danielly , Mello Rafaela , Nascimento Diana
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Hospital malnutrition affects 30% to 50% of hospitalized patients, contributing to increased complications, length of stay, readmission, mortality and hospital costs. The aim of this study was, inspired by the precepts of the “Campaign say no to malnutrition”, to audit actions to diagnose and treated malnutrition in hospitalized patients. Methods: Retrospective study with adult hospitalized patients for clinical and surgical treatment at a University Hospital in Cuiabá-MT. The end point was the notification of the nutritional status in the first 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization and the nutritional conduct prescribed for patients according to nutritional status. Results: Among 1595 patients, 55.5% (n= 886) were female, with a median age of 49 years, ranging 36 to 62 years. Within 24-48 hours of admission, 1030 (64.6%) patients were screened by NRS-2002 and 90% (n = 927) were at nutritional risk. Among patients at nutritional risk, 924 (99.7%) underwent nutritional assessment by SGA and 70.7% (n = 654) had malnutrition (SGA= B or C). Thus, 924 (57.9%) patients were effectively screened by NRS-2002 and evaluated by ASG. Of the 927 patients at risk of malnutrition, 189 (20.4%) received ONS and 76 (8.2%) NT. ONS and TN were prescribed for 187 (28.6%) and 69 (10.5%) malnourished patients, respectively (SGA = B or C). Conclusions: About 60% of the patients underwent a routine nutritional assessment, however, less than 30% of patients at nutritional risk or malnourished, received any nutritional intervention by ONS or NT.
Evolução da prescrição de terapia nutricional: realidade em UTI de um hospital universitário de Pernambuco
Authors: Costa Marcele , Guilherme Larissa , Silva Renata , Burgos Maria
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Nutritional therapy is an important factor in the treatment of patients in intensive care units, who are susceptible to malnutrition, severe immune dysfunction, infections, multiple organ dysfunction, and responsible for a high number of deaths. Methods: A prospective observational study with 70 clinical and surgical patients admitted to fasting, aged ≥ 18 years, hospitalized in an intensive care unit of a University Hospital in Pernambuco, evaluated according to guidelines for critical patients regarding early nutritional therapy and reasons for not starting therapy. Vasoactive drug use, mechanical ventilation and mortality were also analyzed. Results: The patients had mean age of 52.6 years (ranging 18 to 66 years), mostly male, being cancer the predominant diagnosis (35.7%). The mean fasting time was 44.2 hours and 75.7% of the sample received early nutritional therapy (p<0.001). Reasons for late initiation of therapy were hemodynamic instability (30%) and high output of gastric residues (17.1%), most of them using vasoactive drugs (51.4%) and mechanical ventilation (67.1%), with a positive association between these variables and late initiation of therapy (p = 0.018 and p = 0.007, respectively). The length of stay in the ICU was up to 7.63 ± 7.93 days, in 60% of the patients. Conclusion: A large part of the studied group received early nutritional therapy, and these had lower mortality rates. The use of vasoactive drugs and mechanical ventilation had an influence on prolonged fasting.
Melhoria na aparência, apresentação e qualidade da dieta pastosa em um hospital privado no interior do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Macedo Priscila , Vagner Gislaine , Anareli Lais , Maniglia Fabíola
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Despite the importance of the hospital diet for the maintenance or recovery of the patient’s nutritional status, the dissatisfaction rates with the meals served during hospitalization still remain high. Methods: This is an experimental study carried out in a private hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, where the concept of soft food was applied in the pasty hospital diet to improve the organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of meals. Initially, the traditional pasty hospital diet menu was obtained, consisting of the following meals: breakfast, breakfast, lunch, lunch, dinner and supper. The meals were then photographed to record the appearance. Then food was added and the preparations were diversified to avoid food monotony, in addition to improving nutritional composition and energy density. The utensils and the presentation of meals were modified, with each pasty content served separately, considering the importance of the visual aspect to stimulate appetite and agreeing with the recommendations of the soft food concept. Results: The modification of the characteristics of the preparations resulted in meals with a greater variety of foods and, consequently, greater nutritional diversity. The greater variety of foods resulted in more colorful meals. Conclusion: The changes in the pasty diet made it possible to improve the energy and nutritional density, as well as the visual aspect. The offer of the preparations separately allowed to identify a greater variety of foods used, differently than would be possible if all the foods had been mixed. These measures are important for improving the acceptance of the pasty diet.
Déficit energético e proteico em pacientes críticos em uso de terapia nutricional enteral
Authors: Fontes Amanda , Patané Ana , Scabim Veruska , Evazian Denise
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Enteral nutrition is indicated for critically ill patients who are unable to maintain oral food intake, however, the suboptimal delivery of enteral nutrition is common. Energy and protein deficits are risk factors for hospital malnutrition and negative clinical outcomes, so reducing the occurrence of interruptions is important for adequate nutritional support. The aims of the study were to determine energetic and protein deficits and to identify the main reasons for insufficient enteral feeding. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study with data collection from electronic medical records of patients in intensive care units, including patients aged 18 years or more, both sexes and who were fed with enteral nutrition in the nutritional goal. Data on demographic, clinical and nutritional characteristics were collected. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed using the statistical software SPSS 23.0, with a p-value <0.05 being considered significant. Results: A total of 161 patients were investigated in 915 days of enteral nutrition. A significant difference was found between the amount of energy and proteins delivered and the nutritional goal (p = 0.000), with a median deficit of 1568 kcal and 88 g of protein during the follow-up period. The main reasons for insufficient enteral feeding were loss of enteral tube (14.6%), extubation/intubation (13.1%), inadequate medical record (11.9%) and procedures (10.4%). Conclusion: Energy and protein deficits demonstrate the need for the implementation of protocols and training for the team, in order to reduce interruptions and improve the delivery of enteral nutrition and the quality of nutritional therapy
Oferta energética e proteica para pacientes críticos submetidos à oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venovenosa (ECMO-VV): revisão sistemática
Authors: Lima Kellen , Santos Zilda , Sbruzzi Graciele , Rovati Bibiana , Bona Laura
Published: March 2024

Objective: Identify the energy and protein supply for critical patients with severe respiratory failure and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). Methods: Systematic review with search performed on the Cochrane, Embase and MEDLINE via PubMed databases. Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort and case-control) were included, targeting adult patients with severe respiratory failure and/or ARDS, undergoing VV-ECMO. Results: Among the 11 articles analyzed, the energy supply, when estimated using weight-based equations, ranged from 20 to 30 kcal/kg/day. When measured by indirect calorimetry, ranged from 1703 to 2013 kcal/day and from 13 to 18 kcal/kg/day. The protein supply, when estimated using weight-based equations, ranged from 1.2 to 2.5 g/kg/day; when measured by nitrogen balance, ranged from 1.8 to 2.5 g/kg/day. Conclusion: Studies to date show a great variability in the caloric-protein supply for critically ill patients in ECMO-VV. Given the importance of nutritional support, it is evident the need for further studies with better methodological design to determine the most adequate energy and protein supply for these patients.
Intervenção nutricional especializada para diabetes mellitus: relato de caso
Authors: Zagury Roberto , Guerra Katherine , Rosenfeld Valeria
Published: March 2024

Introduction: One of the axes of action in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) is the diet and, within this pillar, the nutritional formulas developed specifically for glycemic control can be part of nutritional therapy to contribute to the improvement of daily glycemic parameters and control of dysglycemias. Methods: Clinical case report of a patient with type 2 DM, before and during nutritional management based on the replacement of a daily meal with a specialized nutritional formula for glycemic control for 14 days. Results: The use of the formula led to an improvement in blood glucose parameters in the full daily period and contributed to the reduction of the pharmacological dose of this patient’s pharmacological therapy. Conclusion: The nutritional formula evaluated proved to be an important ally in the treatment of type 2 DM, as a simple and effective alternative to add benefits to specialized nutritional management and collaborate with pharmacological therapy
Dieta hospitalar: aceitação e fatores clínicos e nutricionais associados
Authors: Souza Jociele , Brito Anne , Silva Thalane
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the acceptance of the diet and the associated factors in hospitalized patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with adult and elderly patients admitted to a hospital in the interior of Bahia. Nutritional assessment included the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Body Mass Index (BMI). The acceptance of the diet and the factors that influenced its consumption were assessed by means of an adapted questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS®. Results: Thirty patients were included, mostly women (73.3%), with a mean age of 55.1 ± 21.7 years. As for the nutritional status, 46.7% of the evaluated patients were eutrophic by BMI. In relation to the elderly, it was observed that half of them were at nutritional risk or malnutrition due to MNA. The average daily acceptance of the diet was 71.9%, with morning and afternoon snacks being the best accepted meals. Only about 40% of patients consumed >75% of large meals. Temperature and time were the characteristics best evaluated, whereas the attributes presentation, smell and taste had lower percentages of good/ great for dinner and supper, while the morning snack was the best evaluated meal. It was found that the nutritional risk / malnutrition diagnosed by MNA (p = 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.037), the presence of inappetence (p <0.001), nausea and vomiting (p = 0.019) and bed restriction (p = 0.024) were associated with less acceptance of the diet. Conclusion: There was good acceptance of the hospital diet, but clinical and nutritional factors are associated with a lower dietary intake. Clinical-nutritional assessment, monitoring of food acceptance and improvements in food service are necessary to optimize the food intake of hospitalized patients.
Impacto da massa muscular inadequada na funcionalidade da deglutição em pacientes desnutridos internados em um hospital privado brasileiro
Authors: Kagueyama Luma , Golin Natalia , Pereira Caroline , Suiter Erika , Severine Ariane
Published: March 2024

Introduction: It’s estimated that 25% to 54% of hospitalized patients have some degree of malnutrition and dysphagia, in 25% of patients, is a factor that interferes with nutritional status, causing malnutrition and dehydration. Despite the increase in knowledge on the subject, little is known about the causal relationship between sarcopenia and swallowing disorders. This study aimed to evaluate a possible association between nutritional diagnosis and body composition with swallowing functionality in hospitalized patients. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study with inpatients of both sexes, aged over 19 years, malnourished by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), between August 2019 and March 2020. Demographic data were evaluated, clinical, functional scale of oral intake (FOIS), degree of malnutrition, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference or bioimpedance (BIA) and nutritional therapy extracted from medical records. Results: 227 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 77.9 years, 63.8% (n = 145) male, 38.3% (n = 87) admitted for pulmonary conditions, 45.8% ( n = 104) are underweight, 78.4% (n = 178) with severe malnutrition and 74% (n = 168) were with muscle depletion. According to the FOIS scale, 28.2% (n = 64) of the patints demonstrated conditions of total oral feeding with multiple consistencies, but with the need for special preparation. There was no statistically significant difference between FOIS and GLIM scales (p = 0.928), in relation to body composition, inadequate muscle mass was associated with a lower index on the FOIS scale (p = 0.014). The study pointed to a significant positive correlation (r) between swallowing functionality and BMI (r = 0.233; p <0.001). Conclusion: The study reinforces the importance of treating and preventing sarcopenic dysphagia, especially by adapting the consistency of diets orally, in addition to assessing the need for supplementation or alternative routes.
Evolução dos balanços energético e proteico no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a operações abdominais de grande porte
Authors: Silva Thales , Zucrato Maria , Fernandes Silvia , Correia Maria , Generoso Simone
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Monitoring the energy and protein balance is extremely important for assess and observe the nutritional status of surgical patients. The adequacy of the nutritional needs of those individuals represents a challenge in face of the various factors that interfere with nutritional status, tolerance and acceptance of nutritional therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the evolution of the energy and protein balance in the postoperative period of patients undergoing major abdominal operations, in addition to observing the nutritional and clinical repercussions (postoperative compli- cations, period of hospitalization and death) associated with the inadequacy of the recommended nutritional needs for the surgical patient. Methods: Sixty-one patients undergoing elective abdominal operations had their resting energy expenditure measured in the immediate preoperative period. Nutritional, anthropometric and functional assessments were carried out, on immediate preoperative period, the 3rd and 7th postoperative days, in addition to 24-hour Food Recalls. Infusion data from enteral and parenteral diets for consumption and calorie and protein adequacy calculations were also registered. Clinical outcomes were collected from medical records. Results: 70.5% of the sample presented some degree of malnutrition prior to hospitalization, according to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Regarding energy and protein balance, negative values were observed even in those patients who were using nutritional therapy, with no statistically significant difference between groups. There was a positive correlation between the negative energy balance and time of hospitalization, as well as a negative association between the nutritional status obtained by the SGA and postoperative complications. Conclusions: The caloric and protein needs of patients in the postoperative period were not reached, even among those who received nutritional therapy, impacting the time of hospitalization. More studies with other methodological strategies are suggested to evaluate the impact on the nutritional status of this scenario in surgical patients
Triagem nutricional STRONGkids e escores PIM 2 e RACHS-1 em pacientes com cardiopatia congênita em terapia intensiva
Authors: Buarque Juliana , Ricachinevsky Claudia , Silveira Themis
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Patients with congenital heart disease are considered part of a group of high nutritional risk. An adequate nutritional screening and an assessment of the severity of the clinical condition help in the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional screening Screening Tool for Risk On Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM 2) and Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) scores in patients with congenital heart disease. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with cardiac patients admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit from July 2017 to March 2018. An anthropometric evaluation was performed, using the STRONGkids tool and the results of the PIM 2 and RACHS-1 scores were collected. Results: 103 patients were included. According to the WHO/2006 classification, 35% (n = 36) of the patients were thin or markedly thin. According to the nutritional risk, established by the STRONGkids protocol, 50.5% (n = 52) of the patients were at high risk and no patient was considered to be of low nutritional risk. The results of the scores were considered low, PIM 2 with an average of 2.9% and 43% (n = 40) of the patients in classification 2 in the RACHS-1 score. There was a significant association between the nutritional status classified by WHO/2006 with the STRONGkids tool (p <0.001). The association of the STRONGkids tool with the PIM 2 and RACHS-1 scores was not significant (p = 0.357 and p = 0.404, respectively). Patients classified as high nutritional risk by STRONGkids stayed more days in the intensive care unit (p <0.05) and used mechanical ventilation (p <0.05). Conclusions: Although there was a significant association between the nutritional status classified by WHO/2006 with the STRONGkids tool, no association was identified between it and the risk of mortality and surgical risk through the PIM 2 and RACHS-1 scores. Nevertheless, each one of those tools could complement the nutritional assessment of patients, contributing to therapeutic interventions and the outcome in PICUs.
Uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos como coadjuvantes na conduta nutricional: associação com estado antropométrico e sintomas psicológicos
Authors: Santos Karen , Leite Luana , Bordallo Carine , Andrade Camila
Published: March 2024

Introduction: There is growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines by the population and this therapy has been established as a complement to the dietary prescription. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the profile of the use of herbal medicines and medicinal plants by patients at a Nutrition school clinic and to evaluate their association with clinical and anthropometric variables. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study, with analysis of the medical records of patients aged 20 years or older, with reports of previous use or prescription of medicinal plants and herbal medicines. Demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric and clinical variables (psychological symptoms) were evaluated. Pearson’s Chi-square test for categorical variables and the t-Student for continuous variables were used to detect statistically significant differences when p <0.05. Results: Of the 395 patients seen, 52 medical records were used; the female gender (86.5%) and overweight (76.9%) prevailed. The presence of psychological symptoms was considerable (48.1%). Infusion was the most frequent form of use (50%) and among the categories, anxiolytics predominated (34.8%), which were related to lower values of body mass index (p = 0.442) and waist circumference (p = 0.445). The presence of two or more psychological symptoms was associated with the use of anxiolytics (p = 0.001) and thermogenic (p = 0.05) and diuretics with higher mean body mass index (p = 0.03) and body circumference waist (p = 0.016). Conclusion: The use and prescription of plant products were considerable and was related to anthropometric variables (significant for diuretics) and psychological symptoms (significant for anxiolytics and thermogenics). The importance of further studies on the use of these products for therapeutic purposes is emphasized to optimize their rational use.
Comparison between nutritional assessment and computed tomography analysis of muscle mass in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Miola Thais , Souza Juliana , Santos Marilia , Gross Jefferson , Lazzari Natália , Bitencourt Almir
Published: March 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare nutritional assessment and computed tomography (CT) analysis of muscle mass in lung cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective, singlecenter study included 55 patients diagnosed with lung cancer who underwent surgical resection. The result of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was compared with the muscle mass index assessed by CT at L3 level in the preoperative period. Results: Mean patient age was 64.9 years and 52.7% were male. According to the body mass index (BMI), only 21.8% had underweight. Most patients (72.7%) presented malnutrition on the PG-SGA and 52.7% had low muscle mass on CT analysis, however there was no statistically significant correlation between these methods (p=0.74). The association between the analysis of CT and the BMI demonstrated that obese patients had a lower rate of low muscle mass compared to the other groups (p=0.03). There was no statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay and overall survival both by the PG-SGA and the CT analysis (p>0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, lung cancer patients have a high prevalence of malnutrition, although we have not observed a correlation between PG-SGA and muscle mass CT analysis.
Desfecho intra-hospitalar de pacientes críticos com alto risco nutricional relacionado a adequação calórico-proteica
Authors: Ruotolo Fabiana , Suiter Erika , Ribeiro Paulo , Souza Ivens , Machado Silmaria , Fernandes Rita , França Ingrid , Severine Ariane
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Nutritional therapy in intensive care involves the careful assessment of nutritional risk based on variables that influence the clinical outcome of critically ill patients, with daily monitoring being a parameter used to assess the quality of care. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether calorie and protein targets would be met at the end of hospitalization in addition to nutritional risk factors and the severity of patients relative to length of hospitalization. Methods: The evaluation was performed at the intensive care unit (ICU) of a private hospital and 79 patients receiving enteral and/or parenteral nutritional therapy (NT) with follow-up of up to 30 days after the onset of NT were assessed. Data were collected retrospectively using forms, medical records and databases. The outcomes were categorized using the ROC curve and logistic regression was performed. Results: The targets were more easily achieved in the most severe group (92.9%; p=0.003), suggesting that the assessment of nutritional risk prompts greater attention and commitment from the multidisciplinary team. Shorter hospital stays were observed among patients at high nutritional risk who met only the calorie target during hospitalization (73.2% vs. 4.2%; p<0.001). Conclusions: The NUTRIC score showed a better performance associated with other patient outcome scores, with the SAPS 3 having a better result with which to correlate the achievement of the calorie-protein target.
Prevalência de desnutrição e complicações clínicas em pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados
Authors: Vallandro Juliana , Campos Luciana , Neumann Laura , Mello Elza
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To verify the prevalence of malnutrition and its association with clinical complications in children admitted to a pediatric hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study with patients aged 4 to 8 years and 11 months hospitalized in a pediatric hospital in the South of Brazil. Sampling was performed for convenience and data collection occurred between December 2014 and February 2016. Patients were excluded from the intensive care unit and without oral feeding conditions. General, socioeconomic and anthropometric data were collected. The pediatric global subjective nutritional assessment (SGA) questionnaires and STRONGkids were applied. The clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record. Results: 455 children were included in the study, mean age 6.25 ± 1.41 years. 75.8% of the children were eutrophic according to the index of body mass/age, 19.6% were overweight and 4.6% were malnourished. According to STRONGkids, 27.3% of the children presented low nutritional risk, 64.8% average nutritional risk and 7.9% high nutritional risk. The pediatric SGA classified 86.8% of the patients as well nourished, 12.4% as moderately malnourished and 0.9% as severely malnourished. Conclusions: Considering anthropometry and pediatric SGA, most of the children evaluated were eutrophic at the moment of hospital admission.
Calorias não nutricionais: o que fazer com elas? Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes COVID-19
Authors: Vieira Alice , Castro Melina
Published: March 2024

Introduction: During the intensive care unit (ICU) stay, the patient has caloric sources that do not come from nutrition, such as propofol. When these calories are not counted, it becomes a probable source of error in the critical patient’s energy calculation and it is already known that overfeeding is associated with many complications, including mortality. Our study aimed to assess the relevance of calories from propofol sedation in 51 mechanically ventilated intensive care (ICU) patients with COVID-19 receiving enteral nutrition. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Results: A total of 51 patients were recruited, 76% of patients receiving propofol during hospitalization. Among these, the average amount of calories from propofol was 260 (IQR 20-594) kcal. The proportion of calories in propofol was 15% (SD ± 8) of the total caloric value and the mean time of use was 8 days (SD ± 5.5). Conclusion: The conclusion we reached was that the calories from propofol were not relevant to exceed the proposed energy goal and increase the risk of hyperalimentation. However, in individual cases, the amount of calories can reach important values.
Interkorelasi konstruk bagi kemahiran Literasi Awal Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Bacotang Juppri , Abdul Latif Adibah , Mohd Nor Nurfarhana Diana , Md. Yasin Siti Farhana , Ompok Connie Shin @ Connie Cassy , Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Sukor Nur Suhaidah , Idang Jusiah
Published: March 2024

Artikel ini menjelaskan interkorelasi konstruk bagi kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak berumur 3+ hingga 4+ tahun. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah tinjauan yang melibatkan 222 orang sampel kajian yang terdiri daripada 119 orang kanak-kanak berumur 3+ tahun, dan 103 orang berumur 4+ tahun. Lokasi kajian melibatkan 12 buah taska atau tadika di sekitar Perak dan Selangor. Pencapaian kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak dinilai dengan menggunakan Indikator Kemahiran Literasi Awal (IKLA) yang merangkumi lima konstruk utama, iaitu bahasa dan komunikasi, kesedaran cetak, kesedaran fonologi, kefahaman naratif, dan tulisan awal. Pengkaji menggunakan analisis korelasi pekali Pearson untuk menentukan interkorelasi antara setiap konstruk kemahiran literasi awal dengan item-item. Dapatan analisis interkorelasi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat, kuat dan sederhana, dan signifikan antara setiap konstruk dengan item-item. Kajian ini dapat menjelaskan item-item atau kemahiran spesifik bagi setiap konstruk kemahiran literasi awal. Implikasinya, kajian ini dapat membantu ibu bapa dan pendidik untuk mendedahkan kemahiran literasi awal yang komprehensif kepada kanak-kanak berumur berumur 3+ hingga 4+ tahun.
Analysis of the Role of Age Factors on Hemoglobin, Leukocyte and Platelet Levels in Breast Cancer Patients Post Chemotherapy 3 Cycles at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmaniar Suci , Benny Kusuma  , Irfanuddin
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Chemotherapy is one of the main modalities in the treatment of breast cancer, but it can cause hematological side effects such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Age is one factor that is thought to influence these side effects.

Methods: This study used an analytical observational design with data collected from medical records of breast cancer patients who had undergone 3 cycles of chemotherapy at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. Data on hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels before and after chemotherapy were analyzed using the t-test and ANOVA.

Results: A significant decrease in hemoglobin levels was observed in patients aged > 60 years after chemotherapy (p < 0.05). Leukocyte levels showed fluctuations, especially in patients aged <40 years, while platelet levels fluctuated more in patients aged <40 years and decreased in the age group 40-60 years after chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Age does not significantly influence the decrease in hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy.
Analysis and Design of MBCFET and Their Circuit Application in Current Mirror and DRAM
Authors: Kumar Tejas , Singh Abhay Pratap , Mishra Vimal Kumar
Published: March 2024

This research paper addresses the challenges associated with transistor downscaling, particularly short channel effects (SCEs) in conventional silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (Si MOSFETs), and introduces Multi-Bridge-Channel MOSFETs (MBCFETs) as a potential solution. This study explores their attributes, emphasizing flexibility and faster switching, and comprehensively examines device parameters, fabrication processes, and simulation frameworks, offering a detailed analysis of critical factors influencing MBCFET performance. Investigating the intricate relationship between nanosheet dimensions and device characteristics, the research provides insights for optimized design and integration into future semiconductor technologies. The research looks at how the gate electrode's work function, the nanosheets' thickness and count, and the different types of doping affect important device properties such as transconductance, drive current, OFF-state current, and threshold voltage. Furthermore, the study is being carried out to form a current mirror and DRAM circuit by using the proposed MBCFET. This study demonstrates the transformative potential of MBCFETs in high-performance electronic applications.
Retinal Vessel Segmentation based on Hunger Games Search and Reptile Search Algorithms
Authors: Çeti̇nkaya Mehmet Bahadir , Duran Hakan
Published: March 2024

Metaheuristic algorithms may provide effective performance in image processing due to their strengthened random search abilities. In most of these algorithms, the intelligent collective behavior of animal swarms or individual intelligent behaviors of each animal is simulated. In this work, two recently proposed metaheuristic algorithms of hunger games search (HGS) and reptile search (RSA) algorithms are improved as clustering-based and then applied to the clustering of retinal image pixels. A detailed performance comparison is realized between HGS and RSA algorithms in terms of convergence speed, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, mean squared error, standard deviation, and CPU time. Although HGS and RSA algorithms produce similar results in terms of clustering performance, it is observed that the HGS algorithm presents relatively better performance than the RSA algorithm in terms of all performance metrics. The simulation results obtained prove that HGS and RSA algorithms can successfully be used in retinal vessel segmentation.
Le laboratoire des esprits animaux. Modéliser le trouble mental à l’ère de la psychopharmacologie
Authors: Gerber Lucie
Published: March 2024

Au 20e siècle, rongeurs et primates ont servi de cobayes pour comprendre les troubles de l’esprit et évaluer leurs remèdes. Comment les scientifiques ont-ils mobilisé l’expérimentation animale pour éclairer des phénomènes d'ordinaire considérés comme étant spécifiquement humains ? Des rats « anxieux » du psychologue Skinner aux singes « déprimés » de son collègue Harlow, en passant par les tests de l’industrie pharmaceutique et les simulations neurochimiques de la maladie d’Alzheimer, l’ouvrage retrace l’histoire de ces modèles animaux à l’ère de la psychopharmacologie. Il montre en quoi ces pratiques expérimentales ont façonné nos conceptions des troubles mentaux, cognitifs et comportementaux.
Pengelolaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa di Desa Patumbak Kampung Kecamatan Patumbak Kabupaten Deli Serdang pada Tahun 2022
Authors: Gaol Ayu Indah Lumban , Gaol Manatap Berliana Lumban , Sinurat Mangasa
Published: March 2024

The current problems of village governments are caused by the lack of implementation of Permendagri No. 20 of 2018, which emphasizes transparency, accountability, participation, regularity, and budget discipline in village financial management. Challenges involve low human resources, institutional effectiveness, village revenue governance, and community services. The focus of this research is the management of APBDes, considering concerns about cases of embezzlement of Village Funds in Deli Serdang Regency, such as in Sugau, Tanjung Morawa B, and Salabulan villages, which caused significant losses to state finances. The type of research used is qualitative, by analyzing how the Village Budget is managed. The data obtained is in the form of primary data, which is obtained directly from the results of the researcher's interview with informants. The results showed that Patumbak Kampung Village had prepared a village income and expenditure budget in accordance with Permendagri No. 20 of 2018, but at the stage of APBDes management, namely the implementation stage of Patumbak Kampung Village was not fully in accordance with Permendagri No. 20 of 2018 or only 90% was in accordance with Permendagri No. 20 of 2018.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF THINK-PAIR-SHARE (TPS) PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X-D AKL SEMESTER 2 SMK NEGERI 1 SINGARAJA KABUPATEN BULELENG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Arini Ni Made
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif Think Pair Share (TPS) pada mata pelajaran Ekonomi dan Bisnis kelas X-D AKL di SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja Kabupaten Buleleng . Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang menggunakan dua siklus. Subjekpenelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X-D AKL yang berjumlah 35 siswa. Objek tindakan penelitian ini adalah Model pembelajaran kooperatif Think Pair shir (TPS).Objek Produk Penelitian ini adalah Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Ekonomi dan Bisnis .Data hasil belajar siswa diperoleh dengan menggukan kegiatan berupa: (a) observasi, (b) wawancara, (c) tes, dan(d) dokumentasi. Prosedur penelitian meliputi tahap: (a) perencanaan tindakan, (b)pelaksanaan tindakan, (c) observasi, dan (d) refleksi.Hasil Analisis yang diperoleh: (1) Siswa semakin aktif mengajukan pertanyaan atau ide selama kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung, (2) Peningkatan keaktifan siswa mengajukan pertanyaan atau ide selama proses pembelajaran dari 28 siswa pada siklus I sebesar 80,00% menjadi 30 siswa pada siklus II sebesar 85,71%, (3) Siswa yang aktif menjawab pertanyaan selama kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan keaktifan siswa menjawab pertanyaan selama proses pembelajaran dari 26 siswa pada siklus I sebesar 74,28% menjadi 27 siswa pada siklus II sebesar 77,14%, (4) Siswa yang aktif dan berperan dalam kelompoknya pada saat diskusi. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan keaktifan siswa saat berdiskusi dalam kelompoknya dari 27 siswa pada siklus I sebesar 77,14% menjadi 29 siswa pada siklus II sebesar 82,83%, (5) Adanya peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa dari 26 siswa pada siklus I sebesar 74,28% menjadi 30 siswa pada siklus II sebesar 85,71%.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK-PAIR-SARE (TPS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS VIII A SEMESTER I TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2023 DI SMP NEGERI 5 DENPASAR
Authors: Liliawati Tjokorda Istri Agung
Published: March 2024

Terpacu oleh rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 5 Denpasar pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang baru mencapai rata-rata 70,10 dan masih di bawah KKM yang dituntut, membuat peneliti giat melakukan perbaikan. Sebagian besar siswa belum mampu mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yang ditetapkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap yakni siklus I dan siklus II. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes prestasi belajar. Teknik analisis data berupa analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think-Pair-Sare (TPS) dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia telah membuat prestasi siswa menjadi meningkat. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan melihat adanya peningkatan prestasi belajar dari data awal nilai rata-rata sebesar 70,10pada siklus I rata-rata meningkat menjadi 78,35 Pada siklus II prestasi belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan menjadi 83,63 dari siklus I. Ketuntasan belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan dari 30% pada data awal menjadi 70% pada siklus I dan pada siklus II ketuntasan juga mengalami peningkatan menjadi 98%. Saran yang diajukan berdasarkan hasil penelitian yaitu model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think-Pair-Sare (TPS) dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Bahasa Indonesia.Kata Kunci : Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think-Pair-Sare (TPS), Prestasi Belajar
GEJALA DAN UPAYA MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR (DISLEKSIA)
Authors: Dewi Kadek Yati Fitria , Uliani Ni Putu
Published: March 2024

Dyslexia merupakan salah satu jenis kesulitan belajar, utamanya kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis yang biasanya dialami oleh beberapa anak di dunia ini. Menurut Child Development Institue, (2008:1) (Martini Jamaris, 2014: 139) bahwa kasus dyslexia ditemui antara 3-6% dari jumlah penduduk. Namun, kasus yang berkaitan dengan kesulitan membaca yang tidak digolongkan ke dalam dyslexia ditemui lebih dari 50% dari jumlah penduduk. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka diterapkan metode Fernald, metode Gillingham, dan metode Analisis Glass. Pembelajaran metode tersebut berpusat pada pengembangan metode pengajaran membaca multisensoris yang sering dikenal pula sebagai metode VAKT (Visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile), pendekatan terstruktur taraf tinggi, dan metode pengajaran melalui pemecahan sandi kelompok huruf dalam kata. Mulyadi, (2010: 164) menuliskan bahwa dyslexia merupakan gangguan yang bersifat heterogen, dan masing-masing ahli memiliki pendapat yang berbeda-beda dalam melakukan studi dyslexia. Mulyadi, (2010: 169) juga menuliskan teori kognitif yang terbagi menjadi dua teori, yaitu: (a) phonological deficit theory dan (b) double deficit theoryKata Kunci: Disleksia, kesulitan belajar, gejala, penanganan
ENDIVIDAMENTO, MERCADO DE CRÉDITO E COVID-19 INFLUÊNCIAS DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL NA MICROECONOMIA FAMILIAR: INFLUÊNCIAS DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL NA MICROECONOMIA FAMILIAR
Authors: Gordiano De Carvalho Ana Luisa
Published: March 2024

O presente estudo aborda as influências que a política econômica é capaz de promover no âmbito da microeconomia familiar, em especial, no que diz respeito ao endividamento e inadimplência do consumidor no mercado de crédito. Diante disso, o que se propõe é avaliar a política econômica durante a pandemia e as previsões para a retomada, bem como realizar um breve levantamento de dados acerca da situação de endividamento das famílias e, ao final, verifica os fatores que podem contribuir para a derrocada financeira da microeconomia familiar. A pesquisa consiste em uma análise quantitativa dos fatores do endividamento a partir de fontes bibliográficas e documentais. Como resultados, o estudo verifica que a política econômica durante e posterior ao pico da pandemia tende a promover políticas sociais, no intuito de estimular o consumo. Além disso, os dados do inadimplemento se mantém nos mesmos patamares de antes da pandemia, o que indica a continuidade de fatores contributivos, dentre estes fatores, estão o desemprego e a diminuição da renda dos brasileiros, o que deve ser avaliado sob o ponto de vista da recessão econômica e da política pós-pandemia.Palavras-chave: Endividamento. Pandemia. Crédito. Microeconomia.
IDEOLOGIAS DE GESTÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL: IMPACTOS SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO DOS SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS
Authors: Silva D.L.S. , Nascimento D.P.
Published: March 2024

A presente revisão narrativa pretendeu compreender os impactos das ideologias de gestão do Ensino Superior no Brasil sobre as relações de trabalho dos servidores públicos das universidades. Para tanto, foram abordados fatos históricos que levaram às concepções existentes do modelo universitário e dos modelos de gestão da Administração Pública no país. A partir desse resgate, acredita-se ser possível compreender a existência de paradigmas do ambiente universitário, enriquecendo o debate quanto ao universo das relações de trabalho dos servidores públicos das universidades. Discutiu-se a automação e o seu impacto no trabalho das mulheres. Também foi abordado como a inovação tecnológica e as mudanças nas exigências do mercado em um contexto de sucateamento das instituições de Ensino Superior públicas no Brasil representam desafios para os gestores e delineiam as novas relações de trabalho que se configuram no cenário mundial.
ENTRE PALAVRAS, NARRATIVAS E SAÚDE: O PAPEL SIGNIFICATIVO DE OBRAS LITERÁRIAS NA INVESTIGAÇÃO DE DINÂMICAS SOCIOCULTURAIS EM CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE
Authors: ROCHA R. V. S.
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo explora a relevância e o potencial do uso de obras literárias como fonte de dados em pesquisas no campo das Ciências da Saúde. Metodologicamente e ensaisticamente estruturado enquanto uma revisão narrativa, neste procuramos analisar como as narrativas literárias, especialmente aquelas que se enquadram no gênero de testemunho, podem enriquecer a compreensão das dinâmicas socioculturais no âmbito da saúde. Ao examinar obras específicas e as contribuições de estudiosos renomados, buscamos destacar a importância dessa abordagem metodológica ousada, registrando as salvaguardas éticas necessárias, e concluindo com a sugestão de que mais estudos possam se utilizar destes e de outros recursos artístico-literários na produção de pesquisas em Ciências da Saúde.
PSICOLOGIA E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: ATUAÇÃO DO PSICÓLOGO NA GARANTIA DE DIREITOS DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE.
Authors: Francisco Da Silva Patricio , Karoliny Ribeiro Brito Anny , Henrique dos Santos Assis , Sousa Miranda Santos Débora , de Oliveira Farias Emanuel , Morais dos Santos Emília , Fellycio Coelho Silva Erick , Sousa Brito Kailanny , Martins da Silva Marianna , Victória de Orquiza Araújo Millanne , Arruda Coelho Ferreira Acácia
Published: March 2024

A ciência comprova que as experiências vivenciadas no período da infância e adolescência podem afetar de forma significativa o desenvolvimento físico, social, emocional e mental. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a atual configuração das políticas públicas voltadas para a infância, principalmente no que se refere às práticas da Psicologia. O método de pesquisa utilizado para a realização do trabalho foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, que buscou por meio de livros, artigos, sites do governo e leis que tratam sobre a temática. Na presente análise, os resultados e discussões revelam uma abordagem concreta em relação aos cuidados destinados a crianças e adolescentes. Observa-se um progresso significativo no Município de Imperatriz-MA, onde políticas públicas que asseguram direitos da criança e do adolescente estão em constante desenvolvimento. Destaca-se a essencial contribuição do psicólogo nesse cenário, desempenhando um papel fundamental na garantia desses direitos.