bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triacetin Production by Selective Esterification of Glycerol over Activated Zeolite and Lewatite as Catalyst
Authors: Setyaningsih Lucky , Ali Ibrahim Akbar , Chafidz Achmad , Septiyan Singgih , Eka Pangestu Aditya
Published: April 2020

The conversion of glycerol as by product of biodiesel manufacture into value-added product was studied. Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to triacetin was carried out using activated zeolite and Lewatite as catalyst A selective method for triacetin synthesis was developed to investigate the effect of molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid (1:6, 1:7 and 1:8). The conversion values at the reactant mole ratio were subsequently 66.91%, 73.36% and 73.16%, while the selectivity obtained was 7.67%, 9.66% and 10.61% respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that the highest conversion was obtained at a reactant mole ratio of 1: 7 and the highest selectivity was obtained at a reactant mole ratio of 1: 8. The result of selectivity with various catalyst type shows that the Lewatit catalyst produces a higher selectivity than the use of activated natural zeolite as a catalyst.
Hydrogen Sulfide Separation from Biogas Using Laterite Soil Adsorbent
Authors: Adisasmito Sanggono , Rasrendra Carolus Borromeus , Alfadhli M. Qori , Al Ghifary M. Fauzan
Published: April 2020

Biogas production contributes as an alternative renewable energy but its emissions contain sulphuric components which needs to be separated because it can cause damage to the environment. The method used in separation is adsorption with laterite soil because the price is cheap, easy to obtain, and can occur at room temperature. The purpose of this study is to determine the conditions of the adsorbent in the adsorption column which can provide a high adsorption capacity. The separation process is carried out by flowing biogas with a flow rate of 1.5 liters/minute to the adsorption column containing laterite soil. Reducing the particle size of the adsorbent from 6 mesh to 21 mesh will increase the adsorption capacity to 2.13 times, ie from 7.3 to 14.2 mg H2S/g adsorbent. The addition of bed height from 7 cm to 12 cm will increase the adsorption capacity from 6.7 to 7.9 mg H2­S/g adsorbent at 6 mesh particle size. The addition of bed height from 7 cm to 12 cm will increase the adsorption capacity from 13.5 to 15.0 mg H2S/g adsorbent at 21 mesh particle size. The laterite soil adsorbent with a particle size of 21 mesh has the highest adsorption capacity of 15.0 mg H2S/g adsorbent.
Utilizing Alginate to Improve Elasticity and Moisture Balance of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Hydrogel Wound Dressing
Authors: Dhena Ria Barleany , Hafid Alwan , Aini Milawati , Ahmad Bustomi , Erizal Erizal
Published: April 2020

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of death. The efficient hemostatic dressings are needed to promote coagulation and hold ongoing hemorrhage. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymers with three-dimensional network structures with high swelling capacity to prevent accumulation of exudates. Hydrogels prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafted with chitosan have attracted considerable attentions due to their biocompatibility, high moisture balance property, and transparency. In this study, alginate was utilized to improve elasticity and thermal stability, also enhance hydrophilicity and increase swelling ability. The hydrogels composed of PVA (7.5 % w/v), chitosan (0.05 % w/v), and alginate (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 % w/v) were synthesized by gamma irradiation technique at total dose of 15 kGy. The results showed that the increasing of alginate concentration in the total reactant mixture can improve elasticity, swelling capacity and the equilibrium degree of swelling (EDS), and decrease water vapour transmitted rate/moisture vapour transmitted rate (MVTR). The hydrogel wound dressing with 0.6 % of alginate concentration was the best product in this study with 79.49 % gel content, 608.65 % swelling ratio, 628.32 % EDS in 22 hours, elasticity 62.58 KPa, evaporation rate (MVTR) 105g/m2 h, degraded at temperature of 298.89oC, and the weight loss was reached 88.84 % (w/w).
The Role of Etching Surface Treatment of Ti6Al4V Alloys on Hydroxyapatite Coating on Substrate Surfaces by Electrophoretic Coating Method
Authors: Supriadi Sugeng , Saputro Rizkijanuar Ramadhan , Putri Sri Lubriandini , Suharno Bambang
Published: April 2020

Titanium and its alloys are standard for orthopedic prosthetic devices, due to their good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, bioactivity on the implant surface needs to be improved to achieve an optimal osseointegration process. Metal implants are often coated by hydroxyapatite because they have a chemical composition and crystal structure similar to apatite in the human skeletal that suitable for bone reconstruction. The focus of this research is on surface treatment designed to promote better biological responses through hydroxyapatite layers. Also combining the acid etching treatment of Ti-6Al-4V and the electrophoretic coating process of the hydroxyapatite to obtain stronger mechanical interlocking interface. Hydrofluoric-Acid treatment conducted in various time. Then, coated with nanosized hydroxyapatite through electrophoretic deposition at 15V voltage for 10 minutes. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Contour measurements were performed to show the surface topography indicating the formation of surface contours with increasing surface roughness parameters in accordance with the time of the etching process. The contours on the surface of the substrate induce the mechanical interlocking of the surface so that the results of hydroxyapatite deposition optimal at the time of etching 5 minutes
Study on Direct Reduction Process of Cylindrical Briquetting Hematite
Authors: Juniarsih Andinnie , Milandia Anistasia , Saktianto Actur , Suryana Suryana
Published: April 2020

There are two types of iron resources such as primary iron ore and iron sand. In general, primary iron ores use as raw materials in iron and steel making and can reduce directly. In Direct reduction process, Fe2O3 (hematite) is converted to metallic iron by the removal of oxygen. This work presents a heat transfer rate study for direct reduction process of iron ore cylindrical briquette. An investigation has been carried out of different reduction parameter such as different sizes cylindrical geometry over temperatures ranging from 700°C to 1100°C for reaction time from 10 minutes to 1 hour. The result was indicated that the value of the heat transfer rate decreases in the core and outer parts of the cylinder briquettes.
The Effect of Electrolyte Concentration and Electric Current on the Quality of Surface Coloring on Anodized Aluminum
Authors: Zulaida Yeni Muriani , Ramadhanisa Afifah H. , Partuti Tri
Published: April 2020

The use of aluminum metal in daily life has widely used coloring techniques to enhance the aesthetic value of the metal. Aluminum anodizing process can produce porous on the metal surface. The formed porous can be used to store and hold the coloring agent to make them more durable. The research intends to observe the coloring characteristics on the aluminum surface influenced by several parameters of the anodizing process, including electrolyte concentration and electric current. In this study the current H2SO4 concentration was used as a variable to improve the quality of staining on anodized aluminum surfaces. The anodization process was carried out on H2SO4 electrolyte solution with variations in concentrations of 10% to 20% and the current density used was 3 A to 5 A. The tests were carried out using micro Vickers to observe the hardness value. The hardness was higher at lower concentration of electrolyte solution due to thinner layer of oxide film, scanning electron microscope to observe the structure and visual observations for anodized color quality. From the results given, the tendency of the lower current density the size and density of porous lower. With the same condition, the color was darker than higher current density.
Characterization and Application of Bayah Natural Zeolites for Ammonium Capture: Isotherm and Kinetic
Authors: Kurniawan Teguh , Nuryoto Nuryoto , Rahmayetty Rahmayetty
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to characterize Bayah natural zeolites and tested for ammonium capture. Characterization of Bayah natural zeolites were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen physisorption. The natural zeolites were identified as mordenite and clinoptilolite. Non-zeolitic phase appeared on the XRD pattern was quartz. The morphology of clinoptilolite and mordenite were observed as platy and needle shape in the SEM images, respectively. Major cations were K+ and Ca2+ which were determined by energy dispersive X-ray. Nitrogen isotherm physisorption suggested that the natural zeolites was typical of type IV isotherm. Pore size distribution were determined using Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda model with mesopore size 3-5 nm. Ammonium exchange on Bayah natural zeolites were conducted in a batch experiment by varying the particle sizes, time and mass loading. Non-linear least squared method was applied to fit the experimental data with various kinetic and isotherm models. The kinetic data was well fitted with the Elovich equation with error 1.6 x 10-4. Isotherm adsorption of ammonium followed Langmuir-Vageler with error 4 x 10-2.
Development and Characterization of Activated Carbons Derived from Lignocellulosic Material
Authors: Negara Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Lusiana Lusiana , Astika I. Made , Kencanawati Cokorda Istri Putri Kusuma
Published: April 2020

Activated carbon is a multipurpose material due to its unique properties such as high surface area and pore volume. The reduced carbon source from coal has led to the development of activated carbon from lignocellulosic material. However, there is limited literature reported the use of swat bamboo (Gigantocholoa verticillata) as an activated carbon precursor. In this research, swat bamboo has been converted to activated carbons under different carbonization temperatures of 550, 650, and 750OC and activation durations of 1.5 and 2 h. The results show that at activation time of 1.5 h, increasing carbonization temperature affecting the higher pore volume and surface area gained. The optimal characteristics of activated carbon were obtained at a carbonization temperature of 750OC and activation time of 1.5 h. This due to the activated carbon produced in this condition has the highest pore volume, surface area, and adsorption capacity of 0.138 cm3/g, 135.30 m2/g, and 95.776 cm3/g, respectively. Its average pore diameter was 2.053 nm with fix carbon of 75.26% and C of 76.79%. It has a monomodal pore size distribution with the highest adsorption of 0.056 cm3/g/nm occurred at a pore size of 1.516 nm.
A descriptive study of the canine population in a rural town in southern Africa
Authors: Rautenbach G. H. , Boomker J. , De Villiers I. L.
Published: April 2020

The health status of a population of dogs (n=220) from a rural southern African town is described. A cross sectional survey was done to collect the necessary information. All animals examined were mongrels with a mean condition score of 1,93. The oldest dog found in the population was 8 years old. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the dominant tick species encountered on the dogs, Echidnophaga gallinacea the dominant flea species, while Cordylobia anthropophaga and Demodex canis also affected the health status of the population. Fourty five per cent of the population were found to have nematode eggs in the faeces. On clinical examination, 5% of the population were judged to be acutely ill and 27% to be chronically ill. Based on the clinical examination, bloodsmears and laboratory results, 51 % of the population had one or more serious clinical conditions at the time of examination. The conditions with the highest point prevalence rate in the community were canine ehrlichiosis (17,2%), transmissible veneral tumour (6,8%), canine distemper (5%), Cordylobia infestation (5,5%), trauma (4,1 %), and severe malnutrition (4,1 %). It was concluded that a Significant section of this population was in a chronic state of starvation and malnutrition. There was also a heavy infestation of internal and external parasites and the prevalence of serious diseases in this population was high.
Overberg research projects. XIII. A comparison of the efficacy of albendazole drench and an albendazole slow-release capsule against nematode parasites in sheep
Authors: Louw J. P. , Reinecke R. K.
Published: April 2020

The anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole intra-ruminal slow release capsules  (SRC) and albendazole drench against field strains of 5 genera of nematode parasites of sheep, where compared. The SRC reduced. the number of L4 and adult Nematodirus by 64.1 % and 58,3% and the aIbendazole drench by 98,1% and 99,1%, respectively. Neither formulation was more than 89,5%1 effective against either the L4 or adult stage of Teladorsagia. The efficacy of both formulations against the adult stages of Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus· and Oesophagostomum ranged from 95,9 to 99,9%
Análisis argumentativo de los debates electorales en la campaña 28-A: la construcción del enemigo
Authors: Micovic Miljana , Alsina Leal Adrià , Anaya Revuelta Inmaculada
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La agresividad verbal y la estrategia de ataque han caracterizado los discursos políticos de la campaña electoral para las elecciones generales en España, celebradas el 28 de abril de 2019. Metodología: En este trabajo analizamos los dos debates electorales, celebrados el 22 de abril (RTVE) y el 23 de abril (Atresmedia), desde un punto de vista lingüístico y pragmático. El objetivo es identificar, a través de análisis de discurso, las estrategias argumentativas que utilizan los cuatro líderes de los partidos invitados a los debates para definir y construir al enemigo. Resultados y conclusiones: El análisis de sus intervenciones demuestra que Pedro Sánchez (PSOE), Pablo Casado (PP), Albert Rivera (Ciudadanos) y Pablo Iglesias (Unidas Podemos) coinciden en crear marcos conceptuales y elaborar su argumentación para reforzar la imagen del adversario como enemigo de España. Los candidatos utilizan numerosos recursos lingüísticos y retóricos, y mecanismos pragmáticos de la (des)cortesía lingüística.
Integrating Topological and Hydraulic Attributes for Robustness Analysis of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Zarghami Seyed , Gunawan Indra , Schultmann Frank
Published: April 2020

Researchers are recognizing that the robustness evaluation of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is of great importance for reducing the impact of disruptive events. Yet, very few methods to measure the robustness of WDNs have been developed. These methods mainly focus on either the topological features or the hydraulic attributes of WDNs and fail to provide a comprehensive picture of the robustness characteristics of WDNs. The work described herein proposes a new robustness index to measure the heterogeneity of WDNs drawing on informational entropy theory. The paper attempts to shift away from an exclusive topological viewpoint or a pure hydraulic approach, towards a combined topological and hydraulic analysis. The main emphasis is on the influence of an individual node on the overall network performance. The use of the proposed index is illustrated with a real-world WDN of an Australian town. The results highlight the significance of integrating the topological and hydraulic metrics for a reliable assessment of robustness in WDNs.
A Game Theoretic Approach to Multi-Period Newsvendor Problems with Censored Markovian Demand
Authors: Mansourifard Farzaneh , Mansourifard Parisa , Krishnamachari Bhaskar
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the Newsvendor problem for a setting in which (i) the demand is temporally correlated, (ii) the demand is censored, (iii) the distribution of the demand is unknown. The correlation is modeled as a Markovian process. The censoring means that if the demand is larger than the action (selected inventory), only a lower bound on the demand can be revealed. The uncertainty set on the demand distribution is given by only the upper and lower bound on the amount of the change from a time to the next time. We propose a robust approach to minimize the worst-case total cost and model it as a min-max zero-sum repeated game. We prove that the worst-case distribution of the adversary at each time is a two-point distribution with non-zero probabilities at the extrema of the uncertainty set of the demand. And the optimal action of the decision-maker can have any of the following structures: (i) a randomized solution with a two-point distribution at the extrema, (ii) a deterministic solution at a convex combination of the extrema. Both above solutions balance over-utilization and under-utilization costs. Finally, we extend our results to uni-model cost functions and present numerical results to study the solution.
Comparison Study of Discrete Optimization Problem Using Meta-Heuristic Approaches: A Case Study
Authors: Ahmid Ali , Dao Thien-My , LÊ Van
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the performance comparison of five meta-heuristic algorithms to solve a discrete optimization problem. The comparison is undertaken for a case of simply supported plate subjected to biaxial loading conditions. Furthermore, the optimization objective is to determine the optimal stacking sequence design of a laminate that maximizes the critical buckling load factor (λcb). The chosen meta-heuristics have been implemented using MATLAB with the same convergence criteria and the same maximum number of iterations to ensure a fair comparison. The implemented assessment criterion has performance measures of average CPU time, solution price, reliability, and normalized price. The results have demonstrated the outperformance of the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACOA) over other algorithms, which confirms the findings of previous studies. Moreover, the Tabu search algorithm (TS) and the Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (DPSO) performed poorly due to their limited exploration capability. Additionally, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Simulated Annealing algorithm (SA) exhibited a high level of reliability but showed an expensive solution cost. This study presents an adequate comparison approach of meta-heuristics, where it extends the comparison scope to cover the performance analysis of meta-heuristics more than that previously done in the domain of stacking sequence design optimization.
Community Oriented-Rural Tourism Development Model
Authors: Thakuri Indra Bahadur Malla , Nepal Govind
Published: April 2020

Nepal is endowed with the majestic Himalayan ranges, including Mt. Everest, which is 8848 m, is the world’s highest mountain peak. Nepal is renowned world-wide as a prime tourist destination due to its unparalleled natural beauty; diverse bio-diversity; ethnic, lingual and social diversity; and historical and cultural wealth. There are many lakes, rivers, mountainous areas, museums, national parks, historical places, greenery forests, cultural heritages which become attractions to the tourists in Nepal. Rural setting is one of the most potential areas to promote the rural tourism where tourists can have opportunity to observe the rural setting, culture, life-style, social relationship, hospitality etc of rural people in Nepal. So, the study has developed the community oriented rural tourism development model covering the stages of development. The study was conducted in Lamjung, Tanahu and Nawalparasi districts among the home-stay operators, tourist experts and other tourism related stakeholders. In-depth interview was done with the respondents to collect their opinion about the best model of rural tourism. The study has developed the Community Oriented Rural Tourism Development Model (CO-RTDM) which has explained the seven stages of development.
The Path to Inclusive Growth in Nigeria: Are People with Disabilities Carried Along?
Authors: Okon Emmanuel O.
Published: April 2020

The growing disconnect between the improving macro-economic indicators and the growing descent into poverty of over 170 million Nigerians is clearly anindicative of the fact that economic growth in Nigeria is non-inclusive as the country may have only attained what is known as growth without development. Using a purely descriptive and analytical methodology, this paper shows that inclusive growth is the growth that generates employment opportunities and reduces the depth and severity of the incidence of poverty. However, people with disability have in many cases been denied of job opportunities in Nigeria. This paper argues that the country cannot have inclusive growth unless disability is made an integral part of her growth. Considering that the economic inclusion of people with disabilities is a cross-cutting issue, successful results require complementary activities in multiple sectors. However, inclusion of people with disabilities in work/employment can lead to greater economic self-sufficiency. Though it should not be promoted as the only option for economic inclusion, self-employment can be a good alternative, especially in a country like Nigeria where there is a general dearth of opportunities for formal sector jobs. In that regard, this paper suggests that microfinance institutions should extend credit and other financial services for self-employment of people with disabilities.  Better still, specialized microfinance should be established for people with disabilities to provide supporting or complementary services.
Economic System and Environment: Co-Composting Effect of Prosopis Africana and Cow Dung
Authors: George Oladipo, Dayo , Okon Emmanuel Okokondem
Published: April 2020

An economic system is comprised of the various processes of organizing and motivating labor, producing, distributing, and circulating of the fruits of human labor, including products and services, consumer goods, machines, tools, and other technology used as inputs to future production, and the infrastructure within and through which production, distribution, and circulation occurs. Natural environment refers to climate, weather, and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity. The natural environment is an important component of the economic system, and without the natural environment the economic system will not be able to function. Hence, in recent years economists have started treating the natural environment in the same way as they treat labor and capital as an asset and a resource. Composting is a biological conversion of heterogeneous organic substrate under controlled conditions, into a hygienic, humus rich and relatively bio-stable product that conditions soil and nourishes plants. The use of compost as a soil conditioner, a fertilizer, or a growth medium has, of course, significant environmental benefits. However, there are also negative impacts on the environment associated with making and using compost. The overall aim of this study is to understand the physicochemical changes such as temperature, conductivity, pH, loss in weight and moisture content that occur during the co-composting of  Prosopis Africana shell with cow dung and to assess the way in which these factors influence the quality of the resulting compost and the environment.
Women Empowerment through Muslim Architecture Which Built by Name of them in Bangladesh during Mediaeval Period: A Preliminary Survey Report
Authors: Islam Sk. Zohirul
Published: April 2020

There are many Muslim architectures built by women patron which called Bibi/Begum in Bangladesh during mediaeval period as Binat Bibi Mosque architecture at Dhaka. It mentioned women's contribution financially. This research paper is trying to show women empowerment through architecture which built by name in Bangladesh during mediaeval era. It is a preliminary qualitative survey report and tries to understand how housewives inspired to makes/commissioned for constructing monuments. Besides, what was the position of them in the Royal court or their society as well as Bibi/Begum contribution in mediaeval Muslim mosque architecture of Bengal and by name monuments of tomb architecture formation?
Non-Usury Banking Fits the Change Strategy: The Solution to Revive the Economy
Authors: Bidabad Bijan
Published: April 2020

Based on the working in different fields of sciences for a long time, a solution to change the structure of banking products as a solution to economic crises is proposed. By sharing the risks economically this solution can make economic integrity among all economic sectors.In this paper, we are going to introduce a new Islamic financial institution with elaborated economic and financial characteristics. «Non-Usury Bank Corporation» (NUBankCo) is defined in a way that depositors are the shareholders of the Bank. This corporation is a new kind of shared ownership corporation, which its shareholders are deposit holders and their deposits work as corporation’s equities. The defined bank can perform non-usury operations, and by designing a behavioral model, it is shown that NUBankCo can draw an environment that the welfare of society is to be maximized. Mobility of deposit resources in NUBankCo is less than conventional banks, and there are fewer conflicts between large and small shareholders/depositors and limits the emergence of shareholders’ cartels and thus huge sudden outflow of funds which creates bankruptcy crises.
Socio-Demographic Predictors of Perceived Burden of Care among Care Givers of Non-Mentally and Mentally Retarded Students in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oladele Olaseni Abayomi , Sylvester Okhakhume Aide
Published: April 2020

The care of mentally retarded children is often stressful experiences for family members, as the child grows up and disability becomes quite noticeable by others, parents face a very distressing predicament of social embarrassment and stigma, they require more attention and time while at the same time the need for special equipment, and medical care increases; implicating financial income and capability of the care providers.  The aftermath effect on the care provider(s) most often is restrictive and disruptive to economic, social or emotional deficiency. The study examines the influence of socio-demographic variables on care burden of care providers of non-mentally and mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis.  The study adopted cross sectional research design across types of job, social support, religion, ethnicity and age. A total number of 100 care providers participated in the study (50 care providers of non-mentally retarded students & 50 care providers of the mentally retarded students). The instruments that were used was Care Givers Burden Scale developed by Zarit et al (1980). The result of the study revealed that demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, education level, job type, religion and ethnicity) do not jointly predict burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=1.722;p>.05], but revealed that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=2.39;p<.05], and finally revealed that social support had significant influence on burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis [t(98)= 11.13; P<.05]. The study therefore concludes that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students not mentally retarded students. While social support was found to significantly influence burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis.
Dividend Decision and Economic Value Added of Quoted Nigeria Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Michael Agilebu Ogechi
Published: April 2020

This study examined the effect dividend decision and economic value added of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objective is to examine if dividend decision have any effect on economic valued added of the Nigeria firms. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of 15 quoted manufacturing firms. Economic valued added was proxy for dependent variables while dividend yield, dividend payout ratio, retention ratio and dividend per share were proxy for predictor variables. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model.  Findings revealed that75 percent variation from the fixed effect results on economic value added of the manufacturing firms. Beta coefficient of the predictor variables  found that dividend yield have negative effect on economic value added  while dividend per share, dividend payout ratio and retention ratio has positive and significant effect  on economic value added  of the quoted manufacturing firms.  It’s therefore recommend that constant dividend decision should be maintained among the quoted manufacturing firms and retention forms should be properly invested and the investment environment should be well managed to increase economic value added through the dividend decision channel.
Work Place Related Issues in Health Sector: An Empirical Study With Reference To Selected Hospitals
Authors: Roja K. , Kusuma G. D.V. , Kumar B. Ravi
Published: April 2020

The condition of working women in India as well as in the entire world in general is considered to be very distressing. Working women in general are subject to discrimination at various levels. The problems and difficulties of working women are multi-dimensional, varying from woman to woman at personal level, and section to section at general level and hence need to be analyzed in depth. There are very serious problems of wages, employment, income and standard of living and sexual harassment among working women. They are not able to get any advantage of social security schemes. Due to their ignorance and illiteracy they are not benefited from present welfare schemes. There has indeed been a growing realization that the women workers form an integral part of the process of national development. This has made the government make continuous effort to give women workers a better deal in spheres of work and to recognize their contribution to the socio-economic development of the Country. However, what has been done remains a drop in the ocean and the women worker remain exploited and unprotected working hours, conditions of work, wages, types of job and other situation is still not favorable to women workers. Women workers have many problems and problems of working women are more serious and server. The present study is an attempt to portray the work related issues in selected hospitals (i.e. GEMS, KIMS, RIMS, GMR).
Leveraging Technologies to Redefine Business: Technology Perspective
Authors: Lakshmi B. Vijaya , Kumar B. Ravi
Published: April 2020

The disruptors in the financial services industry are rewriting the rules, banks used to perform operations traditionally. The financial services industry known for conservative and resistant to change has been challenged by financial technology (fintech) companies that compete by combining digital technology, social media, and big data analytics to replace traditional models with financial products and services enabled by new technology. The present study is an attempt to portray the Role of Fin Techs, Challenges etc.
A Study on Approaches for Measuring Outstanding Stress
Authors: Kawdi Basavaraj , M Vrushabha C
Published: April 2020

Enduring stresses are one of the key factors in shaping the engineering belongings of parts and structural constituents. This fact plays a momentous role, for example, in fatigue of welded elements. Many different procedures and distinctions of means for measuring residual stresses have been advanced to ensemble various specimen geometries and measurement purposes. The several specific methods have grew over several decades and their practical applications have greatly benefited from the development of complementary technologies, notably in material cutting, full-field deformation measurement techniques, numerical methods and computing power. These matching technologies have stimulated advances not only in measurement accuracy and reliability, but also in range of application; much greater detail in residual stresses measurement is now available. The purpose of this review is to classify the different methods and to provide an overview of some of the recent advances in the area of residual stress measurement and act as a summary document to aid technique selection between destructive, semi destructive and non- destructive techniques for residual stresses. For each method scope, physical limitation, advantages and disadvantages are summarized. In the end this paper indicates some promising directions for futuredevelopments.
Endometriosis Locations and Coexistence with other Uterine Conditions in a Bulgarian Sample of Patients
Authors: Serteva D. , Poryazova E. , Velikova Ts.
Published: April 2020

Endometriosis is a non-tumor, estrogen-dependent, chronic gynecological disease, which is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrium of the uterus. Endometriosis affects between 10% and 15% of women in reproductive age. It is often associated with chronic pelvic pain and reproductive difficulties. Endometriosis can be classified as ovarian, extra-ovarian or mixed. Adenomyosis is considered, by some authors, as a separate variant of endometriosis. It is diagnosed as the presence of ectopic benign endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium, where the minimal distance from the endometrio-myometrial junction is 2-4 mm. Our study includes 224 cases of women with endometriosis with different locations - in the myometrium (adenomyosis), in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, soft tissues and appendix as well as in combination with other conditions of the uterine body, such as endometrial carcinoma, leiomyomas, endometrial hyperplasia, polyps and atrophy and cervical cancer. There are cases of coexistence of several conditions in the same patient, and we are trying to find the reason behind this.
Electro-Optical Simulation Of In Ultra-Thin Photonic Crystal Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Merabti Abdelhak , Bensliman Abdelkader , Habab Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

Hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) is an important solar cell material. The critical problem in the a-Si:H-based photovoltaic cell is increasing the conversion efficiency. To overcome the difficulty,  higher conversion efficiency demands a longer optical path  to increase optical absorption. Thus, a light trapping  structure is needed to obtain more efficient absorption. In this context, we propose a complete solar cell structure for which a 1D grating is etched into the ultrathin active absorbing layer of a one-dimensional "CP 1D" photonic crystal a-Si: H characterized by the optimal parameters: period a = 480 nm, a filling factor ff = 50% and a depth d = 150 nm. This was selected by varying the CP1D parameters to maximize the absorption integrated into the active layer. CP1D is suggested as an intermediate layer in the solar cell concentration system. This study allowed us to model the optical and electrical behavior of a CP1D solar cell. After optimization of the geometrical parameters (period and fill factor ... etc.), we concluded that the CP1D led to greater optical gains than for their unstructured equivalent. The simulation clearly illustrates that the electric field strongly affects the electro-optical characteristics of the devices studied, and that it is clear that 1D PC solar cells as active layer have exhibited a high electric field distribution. We have focused on the net on the effect of the active layer and its beneficial role in the sense of expressing the photovoltaic performance of the devices.
Poverty in Nigeria: A Social Protection Framework for the Most Vulnerable Groups of Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Okon Emmanuel Okokondem
Published: April 2020

Despite strong economic growth in Nigeria, 54% of the population remains in poverty. Of significant concern is the fact that the poverty rate has doubled in the past 20 years. Internal displacement in Nigeria is a recurring and large-scale phenomenon and has affected most of the country’s 36 states. The country has seen many waves of displacement, both small and large scale, caused essentially by conflict, generalized violence, natural disasters and human rights violations all leading to loss of lives, properties and livelihood which in turn lead to deprivation, poverty and vulnerability. The operational definition of vulnerability in this paper as applied to the most vulnerable IDPs covers those categories of internally displaced persons who may never recover from the shocks of displacement and may become chronic poor as such worsening the poverty situation in Nigeria. This paper attempts a social protection framework for the most vulnerable IDPs as well as exit strategies. Protecting this vulnerable group is vital to poverty reduction especially as the country is presently suffering the adverse effects of dwindling revenue from crude oil and gas sectors, which today accounts for about 95 per cent of its revenue.
Balance Scorecard Implementation Challenges in Institution of Higher Learning: Overview of Prior Studies
Authors: Anuforo Peter U. , Ayoup Hazeline , Saidu Nasiru
Published: April 2020

The incessant decline in the performance of Malaysian public institution of higher learning since 2007 to date has brought to fore the question of its performance management process. Studies have shown that performance management is a general phenomenon in the institution of higher learning worldwide. The implementation issues of Balance scorecard (BSC) is more pronounced in the non-profit outfit and governmental organizations (NPGOs) compared to the profit-oriented outfit. Reasons being that the BSC was originally developed and (or) meant for the profit-oriented outfit and not exactly the other way round. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the issues of performance management in the institution of higher learning and specifically regarding the implementation issues of BSC encountered among Malaysia public institution of higher learning. This study provides a review of previous literature on the BSC implementation issues. Several implementation issues identified from the literatures are strategy misalignment, strategy communication issues, manager’s acceptance/employees buy-in, the issue of clarity of vision, mission, strategy, and outcome, and strategy map implementation issues. Findings revealed that the implementation issues of the BSC among Malaysia public institution actually helps to unravel the pitfalls of BSC project and provides a roadmap show that can improve and sustain effective performance management. The implication of this study is aimed at providing the means by which the Malaysian public institution of higher learning can identify the issues inherent in BSC implementation or strategy implementation and the way forward.
Analytical Approach on Women Education in India
Authors: Sreedhar N. , Kumar B. Ravi
Published: April 2020

The importance of education had been recognized since the dawn of civilization as the most crucial element of becoming a human being. Women are a very important key factor in the development of human society. In India half of the population consists of women. The 11th five year plan (2007-2012) gave importance to women empowerment in all social, economic and political areas along with continuation of priority keeping over the issues like education, health, and income generating activities. The education and stated that there cannot be educated people without education of women. In India women have a much lower literacy rate than men. Literate women are better decision makers and they contributed more to the life of the community. An African proverb says “If a man is University Education Commission of India (1948-49), just after independence, felt the need of women’s e educated, an individual is educated. If a women is educated the entire family is educated”. Many states have large rural - urban differential in female literacy rate. Women power is crucial to the economic growth of any country. In recent times, people are realizing the value of women education. Even the low income families are willing to educate their children. Women are very important segment in development at local to global levels. Economic independence and education of women will go a long way in attaining self-reliance for women. The United Nations Development programme constituted eight Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for ensuring equity and peace across the world. The third Millennium Development Goal is directly related to the empowerment of women in India. What Indian women need therefore is not just empowerment, but a complete “Identity Revolution”.
An Investigation of Entrepreneurship Awareness and Skills among Library Information Science Students at Bauchi Metropolitan Universities
Authors: Awurdi Asabe Pera , Mohammed Rabiu Nurudeen
Published: April 2020

This study investigates entrepreneurship skills and awareness among library and information science students at Bauchi metropolitan universities. Nigerian government and relevant stakeholders emphasized on the development of entrepreneurship skills and awareness among undergraduate students at universities, polytechnic and colleges of education. This led to setting up agencies like small and medium scale enterprises (SMEDAN), Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and Entrepreneurship centers and clubs in most Nigerian colleges and universities. Hence, it becomes necessary to equip library and information science students with skills required to achieve self-reliance. Bauchi State is one of the 36 States in Nigeria located in the North East Region of the country with only two public universities, ATBU and BASUG. In these universities, library and information science is offered as a degree course. This study uses Primary data where questionnaire was employ as the tool of data collection. Frequencies and Percentages was used to analyzed the respondents  questions asked while  the chi-square X2 analysis was employ to test the stated hypothesis. The result of the study shows that library and information science students are equip with entrepreneurship skills and awareness at Bauchi metropolitan universities. This study therefore conclude that library and information science students are equip with entrepreneurship skills and awareness in the Nigerian universities as it is seen in Bauchi metropolitan universities. The study recommends that relevant stakeholders including government and corporate world should continue to support and promote entrepreneurship skills and awareness among all students of universities in order to brace them up with the challenges in the labour market after graduation. Priorities should also be given to students to undertake practical trainings courses in entrepreneurship areas and students should be encourage carrying out practical assignments and projects based on real life problems pertaining entrepreneurship skills.
Politics of Godfatherism and its Implication on Socio-Economic and Political Development of Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Fatima , Alhaji Ali Mustapha
Published: April 2020

In contemporary democracy politics of godfatherism has become a universal issue in the political development of many countries Nigeria inclusive. The paper studied the implication of politics of godfatherism on the socio-economic and political development of Nigeria. Certainly, the politics of godfatherism have entered every hook and crannies of the nation and have affected the political structure of the country. This paper is qualitative in nature; data were obtained from secondary sources where numerous articles, newspapers, magazines, books reports, and archives were systematically reviewed. In elucidating the topic under examination, the researcher used Elite theory. This theory was advocated by Vilfredo Pareto in 1935, the postulation of the theory is that elites are replaced by another group of elites, meaning that the majority are unavoidably governed by the minority. The study found that the politics of godfatherism has a negative impact on the socio-economic and political development of the nation by confining power in the hands of the few elites at the expense of the masses (electorates). This has affected the socio-economic and political development of the nation, and by extension led to inter-party and intra-party defections, decamping’s and conflicts among the party members. Therefore, the study recommends the implementation of the direct primary election in the selecting candidate into elective positions. In addition to that, INEC should make a law that will discourage money politics and should as well punish the culprit involved in such an illegal political act.
Alarm to Global Hunger Phenomenon and Food Squandering
Authors: Bidabad Bijan
Published: April 2020

A quarter to one-third of food materials are wasted every year and about one-sixth of the people of the world, which is about one billion people, are facing malnutrition and about one-third of them are hungry. A hunger tsunami is forecasted for 9 billion people of the world in 2050. Therefore, in order to gain victory on this crisis in 2050, the rules and the socio-economic framework should be changed to prevent the imbalanced distribution of agricultural products.
Investigating the Contributing Factors Affecting High School Students’ Self-confidence and the Solutions for Enhancement: A Case Study of Arabu Qala High School, Kandahar, Afghanistan
Authors: Rahimi Abdullah
Published: April 2020

This research paper examines the contributing factors affecting high school students’ self-confidence and the solutions to enhance students’ self-confidence. The study used quantitative approach, the researcher conducted a survey study by developing a questionnaire comprising 20 items based on five Likerts scales. The data was collected from 100 high school students through random sampling which 75 were male and 25 females. The data was analysed and interpreted in terms of mean and standard deviation through SPSS software (24) version. It was concluded that different factors like, students’ feeling depressed, fear of making a mistake and others’ much focus toward students affected their self-confidence. On the other hand, factors like, teachers’ humor, students’ feeling a sense of pride and students’ encouragement and support from teachers’ side could enhance their self-confidence.
Women’s Rights in Afghanistan: From Muslims’ Perspective
Authors: Afghan Omid
Published: April 2020

Considering the logic of evolution of societies, the calamitous situation of women can be both changed and controlled. With the emergence of Islam, issue of women was more deeply raised in religious and intellectual discussions. At a time when having a daughter considered a shame on Arab families, a religion emerged after which assigned key social, political and even economic rights for women. Holy Quran says there is no superiority of nations over nations, races over races and men over women unless by divine piety and good action. One of the emphatic rules of Islam is that acquiring knowledge is an obligatory act for both men and women.  On the issue of education secondary data shows that most people believe Islam and Shari'a not only emphasize that girls and women should acquire Islamic education (98%), but they allow women and girls to study all levels of formal educational system. Unfortunately said, in Afghanistan, more women are scarified by men’s decisions.