bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometrical Management Leading to Merge System Engineering & APQP
Authors:   Airbus Helicopters, GATTI jean-loup
Published: July 2023

Helicopter is a complex system regarding integration of systems. During development phase of a new H/C, design office deal with MMEL (Master Minimum List Equipment), Optional equipment package for specific missions (i.e. Oil & Gas, SAR...) and Manufacturing constraints for lead-time and cost optimization.

The Geometrical Management presented today is derived from ARP4754A standard in Aeronautics. The Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is a guideline for development of civil aircraft and systems.

This process, based on end to end philosophy defines the way of managing geometrical specifications concerning the aircraft during its complete lifecycle.

System geometrical Management starts with System Engineering by functional analysis of the Helicopter vehicle during Design development phase, then APQP focus on industrial maturity and repeatability during industrialization phase and finally control plan is deployed after Entry into service for serial life.

This is a top-down approach leading to systems specification at each level of the Aircraft assembly, as in Final assembly line for H/C assembly & tests, Systems level and elementary parts.
Automating Criteria Evaluation in Safety-Critical Avionic Systems
Authors:   Triumph Integrated Systems, Singh Ramandeep , Giobbi Analise
Published: July 2023

As the complexities of avionic systems increase, our system-level verification methods have remained stagnant. New requirements are added with each iteration of design, impacting the level of testing needed for full test coverage, while hardware or software updates require verification testing that transcends its predecessors. At Triumph Integrated Systems, (Triumph), DO-178 B/C level A formal qualification testing requires several engineer reviewers to verify a system works as intended. Generally, it takes a week or less to execute a test and gather data, but several weeks to evaluate said test. There is opportunity for improvement in this system. This paper describes how Triumph Engine Control Systems’ Automated Criteria Evaluation (ACE) takes the test case review process time and reduces it effectively. ACE is intended to replace one human reviewer using MathWorks® based programing, which breaks down natural criteria language for interpretation and evaluation. ACE aims to increase efficiency, assure precision, improve repeatability, and has the potential to lower development costs. This paper highlights how ACE will drastically cut criteria evaluation time while increasing productivity and accuracy of test review results without impacting the integrity or safety of the tested Level A software.
Vertical Lift Aircraft Design through the Georgia Tech Integrated Product and Process Development Approach For Over the Past 30 Years
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Schrage Daniel , Patel Srujal
Published: July 2023

If you have considerable experience from industry and government in developing complex systems, one thing nice about being a Professor at a leading technical university is being able to help implement improvements in the education and development of complex systems, especially Vertical Lift Aircraft (VLA) systems. This is particularly true if you have the opportunity to participate as a member of major national efforts to implement improvements; as well as if you have the opportunity to serve on independent "red teams" reviewing industry proposals for complex system development. Fortunately, I have had these opportunities in my 35 years as the rotorcraft design professor in the School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Tech and as the Director for the Georgia Tech national Vertical Lift Research Center of Excellence (VLRCOE) for the past 33 years. The particular area I have pursued is development and implementation of an Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) methodology that has evolved from the Quality Engineering Revolution of the early 1990s. This IPPD methodology has served as the basis for the Georgia Tech Graduate Program in Aerospace Systems Design, which has become the largest of its kind in the world. It also has served as a research foundation area for a number of PhD student theses. It has also been used to support major DoD initiatives, such as the Concept Development and System Engineering Phase for the Army’s Future Combat Systems, the Air Force-Navy Joint Advanced Strike Technology (JAST) Independent Assessment and the front end decision process for the Army's Future Vertical Lift (FVL) Program. A wake up call for the use of IPPD was given in the author’s 1999 AHS Nikolsky Lecture (Ref.1), although I don't believe that the VLA government and industry have really responded. This paper will start with an overview of the Quality Engineering Revolution and the emphasis on use of IPPD and Integrated Product Teams (IPTs). Some examples of IPPD use at Georgia Tech for aircraft design and on major programs will then be provided. It will end with another call for its use on forthcoming VLA programs.
The Maryland Tiltrotor Rig (MTR): Baseline Gimballed Hub
Authors:   University of Maryland, Tsai Frederick ,   Calspan, Privett Dave , Sutherland-Foggio James , Datta Anubhav
Published: July 2023

This paper describes the features, specifications, and instrumentation of a new tiltrotor test rig at the University of Maryland, the Maryland Tiltrotor Rig (MTR). The MTR is a semi-span, floor-mounted, optionally-powered rig with a static rotor tilt mechanism, capable of testing proprotors of up to 4.75-ft diameter in the Glenn L. Martin wind tunnel (7.75- by 11-ft section with 200 kt maximum speed). It supports interchangeable hubs (gimballed and hingeless), interchangeable blades (straight and swept tip), and interchangeable spars, to allow a systematic variation of components important for tiltrotor flutter and loads. The baseline rig dimensions are 1/5.26 scale XV-15 or 1/8 scale V-22. The principal objectives are to measure tiltrotor instabilities in cruise and vibratory loads in conversion. Additional objectives are airloads, drive system loads, rotor-wing aerodynamic interactions, and closed-loop control of loads and instabilities. The baseline rig is a gimballed hub. It is complete, all components fabricated (Calspan), parts assembled, sensors integrated, and statically calibrated. The objective of this paper is to describe this baseline rig. The vision behind the rig is to conduct research on future high-speed tiltrotors with an envisioned flutter-free cruise up to 400 kt, enabled by thin wings, and light-weight, low-vibration, high-performance rotors.
Scaled Model Testing of Rotor Hub Root-End Airfoil Shapes
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Tierney Charles , Harris Jeff , Reich David , Jaffa Nicholas , Schmitz Sven
Published: July 2023

In order to extend the boundaries of helicopter performance and increase forward-flight speed, it is necessary to reduce the drag on the rotor hub, which can account for as much as 30% of the total parasite drag on the helicopter. Currently, there is limited experimental data available to predict the drag force on new hub configurations. The purpose of this testing is to create a database of lift and drag at various angles of attack to aid in hub design and hub drag prediction. Testing was conducted in the 12 inch-diameter water tunnel at ARL Penn State on four shapes - DBLN 526, 4:1 Ellipse, 3.25:1 Rectangle, and a new Optimized Cambered Shape (OCS) designed at UT Knoxville. Load cell data for lift and drag were obtained for angles of attack from approximately -5 degrees to 5 degrees. Drag data were also calculated using PIV velocity fields. Results are plotted and tabulated for use in future hub drag prediction toolsets.
Advanced AH-64 Compound Wind Tunnel Testing Overview
Authors:   The Boeing Company, Brouwers Edward ,   AeroVironment Inc., Fillman Michael , Deresz Richard
Published: July 2023

The Advanced AH-64 research and development program has evaluated approaches to improve the speed, payload, and range characteristics of the current AH-64E Guardian attack helicopter. Through several multi-disciplinary design studies, a cost effective manner to expand vehicle performance was determined to evolve the configuration to a lift and thrust compounded vehicle. Wind tunnel testing was performed to reduce the risk of the new configuration, inform design studies, and provide a relevant correlation database for advanced design tools. The test campaign utilized powered and unpowered models at 16.0%, 24.5%, and 30.0% scale to address high risk areas of the compounded design. The carefully planned sequence of tests addressed high speed, lightly loaded main rotor performance/loads/control/motions, main rotor and wing interactions in hover and forward flight, drag reduction achievable within program constraints, and rotor/wing/fuselage and propulsor interactions. Data from the testing has been applied to configuration trade studies guiding the development of the Advanced AH-64.
Investigation of 3-D Strains on Highly-Twisted Swept Tip Composite Rotor Blades
Authors:   University of Maryland, Chi Cheng , Datta Anubhav , Chopra Inderjit
Published: July 2023

This paper presents an investigation of the effects of swept tip on highly twisted composite rotor blades. The focus is on detailed three dimensional (3-D) strain measurement. Both vacuum chamber tests and 3-D finite element method (FEM) analysis were carried out in the investigation. Strain distribution on three sets of in-house fabricated composite blades: straight, twisted, and twisted-swept were studied using strain gauges in a rotating environment in a vacuum chamber. A set of aluminum beams were also tested as an elementary baseline to aid in fundamental understanding. A prediction study of 3-D strain patterns were conducted by X3D: a 3-D structural dynamic solver. Correlating measured strains with the predictions showed overall good agreements. Evidences of strong lead-lag bending moment counteracting the axial extension are found in both aluminum beams and composite blades. Strain patterns of aluminum beams and composite blades have some superficial similarities, but they are not the same. An in-plane shear strain concentration is an unique phenomenon in the swept tip composite blades.
Flight Envelope Determination Using Physically Motivated Margin Indicators for Unmanned Helicopters
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Voigt Andreas , Laubner Martin , Dauer Johann
Published: July 2023

Determining the flight envelope is a crucial step in the development process for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Research in the recent years focused on extending the useable flight envelope safely. As the number of available unmanned helicopters increases, maintaining low development costs is a key aspect to enable many civil business cases. Therefore, this paper presents a method to detect flight envelope limits tailored to commercially available unmanned helicopters. The proposed method consists of the following two steps: First, a set of dominating limiting effects of the flight envelope is identified and the concrete thresholds are determined. For the helicopter example used in this paper, these effects are engine power, actuator authority, rotor hub moments, load factor limitations, and the vortex ring state. Second, we propose to use indicators to measure the margin to these limits for each flight condition. A comprehensive rotorcraft model is used to calculate the indicators for the flight conditions. This model determines steady state responses or trim points. Thus, the margin for each trim point to the limit of the flight envelope can be estimated. In this paper, we apply this method to a helicopter in intermeshing rotor configuration and present a verification of the method. Furthermore, we compare the flight envelope of the proposed method to the known of this specific rotorcraft to assess the potential in respect of flight envelope expansion.
Handling Qualities Based Assessment of Scalability for Variable-RPM Electric Multi-Rotor Aircraft
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Walter Ariel ,   University of Portland, Ivler Christina , McKay Michael , Niemiec Robert , Gandhi Farhan
Published: July 2023

An examination is conducted into the effects of increasing rotor diameter on the handling qualities of a quadcopter with fixed-pitch, variable-RPM rotors. Five aircraft are simulated, with rotors ranging from 1 to 8 feet in diameter. The flight characteristics of the aircraft are quantified using Froude-scaled handling qualities metrics. Several scaled ADS-33E-PRF handling qualities metrics are evaluated, including response to a collective controller, disturbance rejection, and bandwidth in roll, pitch, and yaw. It is concluded that aircraft performance is limited by disturbance rejection requirements in yaw as well as actuator saturation limitations that are present in other control channels, and a quadcopter with rotors over 2 feet in diameter will need greater installed power than what is currently estimated in order to meet handling qualities metrics without violating actuator constraints.
System Identification Guidance for Multirotor Aircraft: Dynamic Scaling and Test Techniques
Authors:   University of Portland, Ivler Christina ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Tischler Mark , Rowe Elizabeth , Martin James , Lopez Mark
Published: July 2023

State-space system identification was performed in order to extract flight dynamic models for hovering flight of a 56 cm, 1.56 kg hexacopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Different input excitation techniques were tested to determine which maneuvers provided high quality system identification results for small scale multirotor vehicles. These input excitation techniques included automated frequency sweeps, varying in amplitude, and multi-sine sweeps. Coherence, Cramer-Rao bounds, and insensitivities were used as metrics for comparing the system identification results. A parametric variation of frequency sweep amplitudes were performed in all axes (roll, yaw, pitch and heave) in order to provide guidance on frequency sweep amplitude for small scale multirotor unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The dynamics of the 56 cm hexacopter were used to estimate the dynamics of a larger 127 cm hexacopter via Froude scaling based on hub-to-hub distance as the characteristic length. The scaled results were compared to an actual system identification model of a 127 cm hexacopter.
Rotor Fault Detection and Identification on a Hexacopter Based on Statistical Time Series Methods
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Dutta Airin , McKay Michael , Kopsaftopoulos Fotis , Gandhi Farhan
Published: July 2023

This work introduces the use of statistical time series methods to detect rotor failures in multicopters. A concise overview of the development of various time series models using scalar or vector signals, statistics, and fault detection methods is provided. The fault detection methods employed in this study are based on parametric time series representations and response-only signals of the aircraft state, as the external excitation is non-observable. The comparative assessment of the effectiveness of scalar and vector statistical models and several residual-based fault detection methods are presented in the presence of external disturbances, such as various levels of turbulence and uncertainty, and for different rotor failure scenarios. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of all the proposed residual-based time series methods in terms of prompt rotor fault detection, although the methods based on Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) models exhibit improved performance compared to their scalar counterparts with respect to their robustness and effectiveness for different turbulence levels and ability to distinguish between healthy and fault compensated condition after rotor failure.
Modeling and Trajectory Control of a Transitioning Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter
Authors:   US Army CCDC Army Research Lab, Reddinger Jean-Paul ,   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, McIntosh Kristoff , Zhao Di , Mishra Sandipan
Published: July 2023

A comparison study between modeling approaches of a quadrotor biplane tailsitter aircraft is conducted. A blade element theory model with dynamic inflow is used to validate a reduced order model that incorperates a simple interference model for trajectory planning and dynamic simulation. With an appropriate interference model, the predicted power requirement through transition from hover to forward flight drops by 30-45% as the interference velocity reduces the effective angle of attack for the wing. A trajectory generation scheme is developed, which shows the importance of accurate stall modeling for the transition maneuver. Without interference modeling all transition trajectories are expected to violate the installed motor power limit or pass through an excessively stalled wing state (> 60°). The interference model dynamics are used to design a trajectory that avoids stall of the aircraft by adding a vertical climb element to the transition maneuver. A transition controller is linear dynamic inversion transition controller is described for inner loop stability over the entire flight regime.
Fish welfare during slaughter: the European Council Regulation 1099/09 application
Authors: Mercogliano Raffaelina , Dongo Dario
Published: July 2023

The Treaty of Lisbon states that animals are sentient beings. Fish species show physiological differences from terrestrial animals and are slaughtered and killed in a very different context. Many existing commercial killing methods expose fish to extensive suffering over a prolonged period of time, and some of the slaughtering practices they experience can cause pain and distress. This study highlights the limited feasibility of European Council Regulation 1099/09 requirements on welfare when killing cephalopods and crustaceans. Sentience is the animal's capacity to have positive (comfort, excitement) and negative (pain, anxiety, distress, or harm) feelings. Considerable evidence is now showing that the major commercial fish species, including cephalopods and crustaceans, possess complex neurological substrates supporting pain sensitivity and conscious experiences. In the legislation applied to scientific procedures, the concept of sentience in these species is important. Therefore, it would be appropriate to acknowledge current scientific evidence and establish reference criteria for fish welfare. For the welfare of fish species during slaughter, European Council Regulation 1099/09 applicability is limited. Fish welfare during slaughter is more than just an ethical problem. According to the One-Health approach, food safety should also include the concept of sentience for fish welfare. Pending studies that dispel all doubt, the precautionary principle of European Council Regulation 178/04 remains valid and should be applied to fish welfare.
Popliteal Vein Aneurysm – Rare Cause of Knee Pain
Authors: Al Douhani Hanin , Stephen Edwin , Abdelhady Ibrahim , Maawali Hanan , AlWahaibi Khalifa
Published: July 2023

Despite the small number of reported cases of venous aneurysms, popliteal venous aneurysms (PVAs) are a potential source of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Recurrent VTE is a potential complication in cases of undiagnosed PVA. The knowledge of diagnosis and management of PVAs is limited among health professionals. The goal of this case report was to present the symptoms, diagnosis, and surgical management of PVA.
Surgical Repair of Acute Traumatic Aortic Transection Using Partial or Left Heart Bypass: Our Experience of Six Cases
Authors: Aggarwal Pankaj , Aduri Raja Suman Datta , Thingnam Shyam K S , Kumar Rupesh , Bansal Vidur , Mittal Apeksha
Published: July 2023

Aortic transection following blunt trauma chest is one of the main life-threatening situations requiring early intervention. The endovascular approach is now preferred; however, in some conditions, an open approach is warranted. We describe our experience of dealing with acute traumatic transection in six such patients over the past 3 years.
Impact of Seasonal Variations on Semen Parameters: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from Subjects Attending a Tertiary Care Fertility Centre
Authors: Malathi Anitha , Iyer Ramesh P. , Mohan Reji , Balakrishnan Sheila
Published: July 2023

Background:

Seasonal variations in semen parameters have been detected in many previous studies, mostly conducted in the West and Mediterranean countries. Located in a tropical region, we have only three seasons – summer, winter and rainy season. Literature search did not reveal studies from Indian subcontinent.

Aims:

Our objective was to find if our climate produced seasonal variations in semen parameters such as sperm concentration (SC), total motile SC, morphology and vitality, which may have implications in fertility management.

Settings and Design:

This is a descriptive study, conducted at a tertiary level hospital. Semen analysis reports of male partners of all infertile couples during the 4-year period from 2019 to 2022 were analysed.

Materials and Methods:

The data were collected from records of all infertile couples registered for the treatment in the department during the study period. Semen analysis reports of male partners of all infertile couples attending outpatient department of the Reproductive Medicine Department during the 4-year period from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The data of azoospermic and severe oligospermic (<5 million/mL) men and those receiving hormone treatment were excluded.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analysed using SPSS 23 and variables expressed as mean and standard deviation. Changes in mean values over years and over seasons were evaluated using F-test. Post hoc analysis was done using Sidak method. P < 5% was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The data of 2326 patients were analysed. SC was lowest during summer but was not statistically significant. Sluggishly motile sperm per cent was maximum in rainy season (P = 0.002). Post hoc analysis showed significant variations in summer samples compared to both rainy and winter seasons. Head defect (HD) and tail defects showed a significant seasonal variation (P = 0.011 and P = 0.024, respectively), lowest HD seen in rainy season.

Conclusion:

Semen parameters showed seasonal variations, with favourable features in colder climates, and may need to be considered in infertility management, especially if the male is oligospermic.
Comparison of 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate with Prolene (4-0) Sutures in Extra Oral Wound Closure
Authors: Kumar Padam , Katiyar Alpana , Tripathi Ashish , Gupta Asmita , Srivastav Anubha , Uppal Bhavneet S.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To compare the healing following various maxillofacial incisions using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (2-OCA) and prolene (4–0) sutures.

Objective:

To evaluate the complications and aesthetic outcome of the incision wounds after closure using 2-OCA and prolene (4–0) sutures.

Materials and Methods:

The patient undergoing an extraoral incision was evaluated for pain, inflammation, infection, dehiscence, scar, and surface texture. In Group I, 15 patient incisions were closed with 2-OCA and in Group II, 15 patient incisions were closed with prolene (4–0) suture.

Result:

A few patients experienced pain with Group I and then Group II, but infection, inflammation, and dehiscence were more in Group I than in Group II.

Conclusion:

A cosmetic outcome was higher in the cyanoacrylate group, and the surface texture was satisfying in the same group.
Assessment of Perception of Dental Students to OSCE Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gandhi Piyush , Singh Harkanwal P. , Chaturvedi Swati , Gondhalekar Rajesh V. , Halappa Thippeswamy S. , Gandhi Vaishali
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims and Objective:

To assess the knowledge as well as attitude of dental students to OSCE exams.

Materials and Methods:

With the aim of evaluating the knowledge and attitude of dental students to OSCE exams, the present study was planned and it consisted of total 1000 dental students (Third year, Final year, and Interns) who have taken the OSCE examinations. The survey included a questionnaire in addition to a subsection on participants’ demographic information. In addition, a 3-point scale was used to rate the OSCE’s impartiality, complexity, education level, as well as favored frequency of usage in comparison with various evaluation formats.

Results:

562 were males while the remaining 438 were females. While evaluating the student’s perception, 36.3 percent of the students agreed that OSCE examination gave precise measure of clinical dental skills. 23.1 percent of the students said OSCE was uniform in terms of standardization, while 25 percent of the students agreed that OSCE score was independent of personality, ethnicity, and gender.

Conclusion:

To recapitulate, the outcomes of this research gave rise to the notion that the OSCE represents a valid as well as objective evaluation tool for clinical abilities.
Effectiveness of Diode Lasers in the Reduction of Bacteremia Associated with Ultrasonic Scaling: A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Verma Vartika , Ojha Moitri , Yadav Sweta , Ranjan Maitreyi , Hassan Sahba , Dhull Kanika S.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

As is known, periodontal pathogens and their products as well as inflammatory mediators produced in periodontal tissues might enter the bloodstream, causing systemic effects and/or contributing to systemic diseases.

Aim:

To evaluate the effect of diode lasers on the incidence of bacteremia associated with ultrasonic scaling and its clinical efficacy as an adjunct to scaling in the treatment of moderate periodontitis.

Result:

The use of diode laser is more effective in killing or detoxifying periodontopathic bacteria such as P. gingivalis associated with chronic periodontitis as compared to ultrasonic alone with ablate bacteria only when it comes in contact with plaque biofilm directly.

Conclusion:

The results of study confirm the previously reported findings that bacteremia is caused by ultrasonic scaling and adjunct use of diode laser with scaling has the potential to reduce the bacteremia associated with ultrasonic scaling alone.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Two Modes of Delivery of Diclofenac for the Management of Post-Endodontic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Dheeraj Munish , Johar Suksham , Mahajan Priya , Jandial Tania , Chauhan Shikha , Gupta Kamakshi
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two modes of delivery of diclofenac for the management of post-endodontic pain.

Materials and Methods:

This study comprised 30 patients reporting to the department with pain in their teeth. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS): group A (control group), group B (oral diclofenac), and group C (transdermal patch). A VAS was given to the patients in each group, and the severity of any pain was self-assessed by patients after 4 hrs, 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, and 48 hrs following the completion of treatment.

Results:

A comparison between group oral and diclofenac transdermal patch was carried out. The pain frequency was measured at 4 hrs, 8 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, and 48 hrs postoperatively with P values of 0.744, 0.035, 0.570, 0.060, and 0.508 and was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

Preoperative analgesics play an important role in reducing post-endodontic pain. Transdermal patches containing diclofenac show a promising analgesic modality in managing endodontic pain.
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Incidence and Risk Factor Analysis in Small for Gestational Age Neonates Compared to Appropriate for Gestational Age
Authors: Arora Priyanka , Mahapatra Madhushmita , Arora Kamaldeep
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm neonates who were born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Materials and Methods:

A prospective cohort study among preterm neonates born <34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and <2000 grams birth weight (BW) was conducted. The neonates were divided into AGA and SGA group. Incidence of ROP and risk factors was compared among the groups.

Result:

290 neonates were screened [AGA: 240 (82.8%); SGA: 50 (17.2%)]. The mean birth-weight and gestational age were 1510.7 ± 390.64 grams and 31.4 ± 4.8 weeks, respectively. The incidence of ROP in AGA and SGA was 30.2% and 33%, respectively (P = 0.58), whereas the incidence of type 1 ROP in AGA and SGA was 14% and 19% (P = 0.41). Male sex, anemia, oxygen administration, surfactant administration, sepsis, and PIH were independent significant risk factors for ROP on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:

This study showed that both AGA and SGA premature infants have similar incidence of ROP. SGA is not an independent risk factor for ROP.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Patients toward Dental Implants in Need of Prosthodontic Rehabilitation
Authors: Madhuri V , Kumararama Sindhu S. , Aradya Anupama , Byrappa Brijesh , Singh Kamlesh , Dixit Arti , Kumar Amit , Badiyani Bhumika K.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Our goal in conducting this study was to see how well-informed patients are about dental implants as a method of prosthodontic rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods:

“In this cross-sectional study, 500 new dental students were asked questions using a pre-made, self-administered questionnaire. A pilot study was carried out to verify the reliability of the survey instrument. Analysis of the data was performed in SPSS 16 (SPSS). We used the P 0.05 thresholds for the Student’s T-test and the ANOVA to determine statistical significance.”

Results:

In all, there were 500 people involved: 320 men and 180 women. The media and dentists were the two most common places to learn about implants, and as patients received more information, they became more informed consumers. Many people put off getting therapy because of how expensive it is.

Conclusion:

Only a small percentage of individuals had implants, and more than half knew nothing about them. This finding also highlighted the need of educating patients more thoroughly on this therapy option. As a result, the public has to be educated about oral health and implants in order to adopt a more favorable perspective.
Fetal Humeral Diaphyseal Length in the Second Trimester – A Radiographic Observational Study among Indian Population
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Sharma Ravikant , Kapoor Kanchan , Kaur Ravinder , Arora Karandeep S.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The present study was performed to provide a normal reference range for humerus diaphysis length at the second trimester of pregnancy in an Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 25 radiographs of aborted normal human fetuses of gestational age (GA) between 13th and 28th weeks. The radiographs were used to measure the maximum length of the humerus using a vernier calliper. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

Results:

The mean diaphyseal length of humerus at the fourth lunar month was 22.18 ± 6.59 mm, and at the seventh lunar month, it was 41.39 ± 10.08 mm. Simple linear regression analysis shows a strongly significant linear relationship of humerus length with GA, biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdomen circumference.

Conclusion:

We have provided a normal reference range for humerus diaphysis length at the second trimester of pregnancy in an Indian population.
To Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy of 940 nm Diode Laser and Propolis Gel (A Natural Product) in Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Aggarwal Rajni , Bawa Supneet S. , Palwankar Pooja , Kaur Simratjot , Choudhary Deepika , Kochar Deepak
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Recently, various adjunctive treatment options along with Scaling and root planing (SRP) such as local drug delivery, medications, and lasers have been introduced for the treatment Chronic periodontitis (CP) but literature is limited.

Aim:

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 940 nm diode laser and propolis gel in adjunct to Scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of CP.

Subjects and Methods:

Randomized clinical trial was conducted among 30 CP patients with a probing depth of ≥5 mm was allocated randomly into Group 1 (SRP), Group 2 (SRP + diode laser), and Group 3 (SRP + propolis gel). Plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment level were assessed at baseline, one and three months. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 17 for windows, and statistical techniques employed were repeated measures by using One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, independent t-test, and paired t-test.

Results:

Post-treatment sites among all the three groups showed statistically significant reduction in Periodontal index (PI), Probing pocket depth (PPD), and Clinical attachment level (CAL), whereas gingival inflammation was significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3 from baseline to one and three months. On comparison, at baseline, all clinical parameters were statistically insignificant. At one month, the mean difference of PI, Gingival index (GI) was statistically significant between group 1 and 2 whereas the mean difference of CAL and PPD were statistically significant from group 1 to groups 2 and 3.

Conclusions:

Lasers with SRP were greatly effective in reducing gingival inflammation, PPD, and CAL. Propolis gel also offered encouraging and promising clinical results but still needs further long-term studies to establish its precise role in the treatment of CP.
Evaluation of Salivary Opiorphin, pH and Flow Rate in Oral Submucous Fibrosis - A Case - Control Observational Study
Authors: Varsha K. S. , Lakshmi Krithika C. , Ganesan Anuradha , Kannan A. , Aniyan K. Yesoda
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary pH, flow rate and opiorphin in Oral submucous fibrosis patients and to compare them with healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the salivary opiorphin levels, pH and flow rate among 78 patients (39 Oral submucous fibrosis + 39 control). Burning sensation was assessed using VAS score. Opiorphin levels were assessed using Cusabio Human Salivary Opiorphin ELISA kit. Salivary flow rate was assessed using graduated syringes and salivary pH was assessed using Hydrion salivary pH strips. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk test were assessed for normality testing and distribution. Inferential statistics was done by using Unpaired t test/Independent sample t test to compare the mean values of variables included in the study among the OSMF and healthy patients.

Results:

There was statistically significant difference in pH and flow rate with a reduction in the mean pH (p=0.024) and flow rate (p<0.01) among the oral submucous fibrosis patients compared to the control group. A statistically significant increase (p<0.01) in salivary opiorphin levels was noted in the oral submucous fibrosis patients. Majority of the study participants had mild to moderate burning sensation.

Conclusion:

This study was a pilot evaluation of salivary opiorphin in OSMF. Salivary opiorphin could be used as an objective marker for chronic subjective conditions The pre-treatment and post treatment evaluation of salivary opiorphin could provide more insight on its role.
Interdisciplinary Approach in Periodontal Management of Orthodontic Patient: Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: Rao Sumathi H. , Shrinivaasan Nambi Rammohan , Gayathri Somashekar , Vaishnevi Thirunavukkarasu , Dhayananth Xavier
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Orthodontic therapy is becoming a mainstay for the correction of esthetic and functional disturbances in both young and older adults. Orthodontic forces act on the periodontium and can have wide-ranging effects, from beneficial to harmful, from being a hindrance to oral hygiene maintenance to causing irreversible periodontal breakdown. In some patients, the presence of periodontal conditions like gingival recession, before start of orthodontic therapy, raises many questions. Much controversy and confusion exist regarding the need for periodontal therapy, its sequencing, especially in case of recession in a young patient who needs orthodontic therapy. An interactive, interdisciplinary approach is essential in such cases for success. This case report illustrates the interdisciplinary management of a young patient with gingival recession with an eight-year follow-up of the case.
Formulation and Characterization of Mupirocin Nanomicelles in Insulin-Based Gel for Dermatological Application
Authors: Zubairi Maysaa B. , Abd Abdulkareem H. , Al-lami Mohammed S.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To produce and analyze mupirocin nanomicelle (MP-NM) in insulin-based gel.

Procedures:

MP-NM was prepared using solvent evaporation with Tween 80 as a surfactant. HPMC polymer prepared gel. MP-NM was characterized by globular diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), pH, entrapment efficiency (EE), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). NM MP release was studied in vitro.

Results:

The revolutionary MP-NM in insulin-based gel dissolves MP completely without precipitation due to its unique physical and chemical properties. MP had 8.64 ± 0.2 nm globular diameter, high EE (98.85 ± 0.01%), and normal homogeneous dispersion (PDI, 0.143 ± 0.003) in NM. MP’s formula showed rapid first-order kinetics release.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first MP-NM nano-drug delivery system employing insulin-based gel. It has promising pre-clinical and clinical uses.
In Vitro Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity and Wound Healing Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts from Achyranthes aspera
Authors: Venkadassalapathy Santosh D. , Ramasamy Muthukumar , Balashanmugam  , Victor Dhayanand J. , Subramanian Sangeetha , Praveen J Arocika Antony , Akbar Md Abdul Rahim
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) is a most important plant in the Indian medicinal system of Unani, Ayurveda, and Sidha. It is distributed throughout tropical countries particularly this medicinal herb is found as a weed all over India. The antibiotic-resistant bacteria treatment, many medicinal plants act as alternatives to antibiotics and are considered new resources for producing agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and wound-healing potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of A. aspera. Physio-chemical parameters of A. aspera were screened by qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and it revealed the existence of saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids in each extract. The methanolic extract showed strong scavenging effects against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in comparison with the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract of A. aspera was bactericidal at 100 μg/ml concentration against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
) and Gram-positive bacteria (
Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus). In addition, the finding suggests A. aspera extract promotes in vitro wound healing by enhancement of Vero cells and has the potential for the treatment of wounds. The study concludes the strong radical scavenging effect of Achyranthes aspera along with remarkable antibacterial and wound healing actions.
Soft Bite Appliance for Teething Infants
Authors: Murali Preethi , Sivapathasundharam B , Ramasamy Jeyaseelan
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Mother’s milk is a biological secretion that provides the best nutritional source with numerous benefits to the infant, which include somatic growth, modulation of post-natal intestinal function, brain development, and immune ontogeny. As per WHO, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months and continuation up to two years of age as both mother and the infant are mutually benefitted. Breast milk contains more nutritional, hormonal, and growth factors which are mandatory for the baby to attain the highest standards of health. Many mothers encounter bite injuries in their nipples and areola while feeding due to the teething process, which usually starts six months after birth. This may cause injury to the mother’s skin causing inconvenience in feeding. This can be avoided by fabricating a “soft bite appliance” for the infant, which prevents bite injuries and makes both the baby and mother feel comfortable during feeding. This device can be used as a temporary device during the teething process, thereby enhancing nursing mothers to continue the feeding process without anxiety.
Correlation between Neonatal Outcomes and Maternal Anemia among Attending Pregnant Women in Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital
Authors: Hamood Mona A. , Abid Sahar Jassim , Abdulla Thikra N. , Akram Weqar
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Anemia in pregnancy can considerably elevate the maternal mortality risk and can negatively distress the development of fetus.

Object of the Current Work:

To assess the association between neonatal outcomes and maternal anemia (MA) among pregnant women (PW).

Subjects and Methodology:

The present work is a clinical prospective one performed at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. Current study selected 120 term PW with anemia admitted to hospital for caesarian section. Data were collected as a questionnaire. The data were directly taken from PW. The acquired data from anemic PW were distributed as followings: Age of anemic PW, which was classified into two groups; 25–29 years and 30–35 years. The gestational age of anemic PW, which was categorized into three groups; 37th week, 38th week, and 39th week of gestation. Anemia characteristics were studied, which included hemoglobin level (Hb) and packed cell volume test (PCV), which were done by taking 5 ml blood from each PW for s. ferritin, s.iron, Hb level, and blood film in laboratory of Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital. The Hb helped in detecting anemic PW joined this study, as Hb was <10.5 g/dl at third trimester.

Results:

Mean gestational age (GA) of anemic PW was 37.5 ± 0.5 weeks; 58.3% of them were at 37th week, 39.2% of them were at 38th week, and 2.5% of them were at 39th week GA. So, the mean Hb of anemic PW was 8.6 ± 1.3 mg/dl, and the mean PCV was 28.6 ± 3.6%. Anemia was classified into mild (20%) and moderate (72.5%); also, mean ultrasound fetal head circumference (HC) among PW with mild anemia was 32.3 cm and for PW with moderate anemia was 32.1 cm, and mean ultrasound fetal abdominal circumference (AC) for PW with mild anemia was 31.3 cm and with moderate anemia was 31 cm, and validity results of MCA/UA-PI ratio regarding severe anemia of anemic were as follows: sensitivity (81.8%), specificity (79.8%), +ve predictive value (29%), −ve predictive value (97.8%), and accuracy (80%).

Conclusion:

The gestational mean age (GA) of anaemic PW was 37.50.5 weeks; 58.3% of them were in the 37th week and 39.2% were in the 38th week. Thus, the mean ultrasound foetal head circumference (HC) was 32.3 cm for PW with mild anemia and 32.1 cm for those with moderate anaemia. The mean ultrasound foetal abdominal circumference (AC) was 31.3 cm for those with mild anaemia and 31 cm for those with moderate anaemia, but 30 cm for those with severe anaemia, with no discernible difference. The following were the MCA/UA-PI ratio’s validity findings for severe anaemia of anaemic: sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (79.8%).
Age Estimation using Cephalometrics—A Cross-Sectional Study among Teenagers of Salem District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Murali Kruthika , Nirmal R. Madhavan , Balakrishnan Sekar , Shanmugam Shankar , Altaf Syed Khalid , Nandhini D
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Age estimation is important not only in identifying dead body of a person but also in living persons since there is an increasing rate of juvenile delinquencies recorded every year. To avoid foul play by age fabrication, legal age estimation becomes important. Facial growth alteration takes place in the jawbones as age advances which can be observed with lateral cephalometry. Thus, the aim of the study is to create a regression formula for age estimation using cephalometrics of teenagers in Salem population.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done using 770 lateral cephalometrics of teenagers (13–19 yrs) in Salem population. Nine cephalometric points with two linear hard tissue measurements (condylion to mandibular plane (AFH) and palatal plane to menton (PFH)) and one angular soft tissue measurement (z angle) were recorded as predictor variables using a digital lateral cephalometric software (Carestream CS8100 SC) which were subjected to regression analysis using SPSS version 21.0 to develop a formula for age estimation.

Results:

Significant association on age was obtained for the two linear measurements. The regression formula generated for estimating the age was Age = 7.146 + 0.044 (AFH) + 0.146 (PFH) with R2 value = 0.674

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the present study, age estimation of teenagers in Salem population can be estimated. The predictability of the age can be increased by taking more cephalometric variables in generating the formula with increase in sample size.
Comparison of Amnion Membrane and Hyaluronic Acid in Gingival Recession Coverage and Gain in Clinical Attachment Level following Coronally Advanced Flap Procedure—A Clinical Study
Authors: Bagde Hiroj , Pawar Sangeeta K. , Vasisth Diwakar , Vadvadgi Vinay H. , Laddha Rashmi B. , Wagh Pradnya P.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Gingival recession is defined as the apical migration of gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction. Recently, amnion membrane, the third-generation membrane which is a placental-derived tissue, has been introduced.

Materials and Methods:

Study included 45 subjects with age group of 20–60 years of both genders. Patients with Miller’s Class I and Class II gingival recession were selected for the study. The progress was assessed at baseline one, three, and six months observation interval through clinical parameters RD, RW, PD, and CAL at the end of six months.

Results:

Recession depths in the first, third, and sixth month were 1.82 ± 0.442, 1.31 ± 0.47 mm, and 0.91 ± 0.29, respectively, which showed a significant reduction from the baseline. Recession widths in the first, second, and third weeks were 3.04 ± 0.442 mm, 1.31 ± 0.47 mm, and 1.49 ± 0.59 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant reduction (P > 0.005) when compared to the baseline. Pocket depths in the first, third, and sixth month were 0.93 ± 0.447, 0.42 ± 0.50, and 0.24 ± 0.43 (P > 0.005) which is significant when compared to baseline. Clinical attachment levels in the first, third, and sixth month were 2.73 ± 0.751, 1.78 ± 0.70, and 1.18 ± 0.53 (P > 0.005) which is significant compared to six months.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the present study, the data obtained by periodic assessment of the clinical parameters indicate the use of amnion membrane and hyaluronic acid, and proper technique may thus be the panacea for root coverage procedure.