bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pearson's Correlation Between Physico-chemical Aspects of Wheat Flour and Quality Attributes of Cookies
Authors: Riaz Ayesha , Pasha Imran , Sharif Mian Kamran
Published: May 2021

In this study, we investigated various physico-chemical properties of wheat and evaluated their correlation with cookie attributes. Results showed that damaged starch in wheat varieties ranged from 6.28 to 10.97%. SDS-sed. and AWRC values were recorded as 18.20-30.50 mL and 43.91-66.85%, respectively. WSRC, SOCSRC, SUCSRC and LASRC values varied over a wide range as 50.83-69.64%, 56.66-82.03%, 75.79-106.97% and 79.43-121.20%, respectively. Physical analyses of cookies made with wheat varieties indicated 25.20-26.60 cm width, 5.80-6.40 cm thickness and 39.38-45.86 spread factor and 2.17-3.91 kg hardness. Important correlations were reported between water absorption and SDS sedimentation (r= 0.912*). Likewise, a positive relationship was found between damaged starch and SUCSRC (r=  0.985**).Spread factor was found to be negatively correlated to ash (r= -0.977**), protein(r= -0.892*), SOCSRC (r= -0.952*), WSRC (r= -0.892*) and hardness (r= -0.990**).Correlation studies indicated that physico-chemical characteristics of flour are imperative in the evaluation of cookie making quality.
Short Communication First Record of the Polychaete Worm Ceratonereis (Composetia) burmensis (Phyllodocida: Nereididae) from Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Sadar , Mustaquim Javed , Siddiqui Ghazala
Published: May 2021

Ceratonereis (Composetia) burmensis Monro (1937) is reported for the first time from Pakistan. A single specimen was collected from Hab river delta (24°53'13.45'' N and 66°42'18.04'' E) on the Balochistan coast in September, 2017. Two species of Ceratonereis previously reported from Pakistan are: Ceratonereis marmorata (Horst, 1924) and Ceratonereis sp. (Cpmposetia) burmensis differs from C. marmorata in having a prostomium that is not marmorated. It also differs from Ceratonereis sp. in having neuropodial falcigers. C. (Composetia) burmensis has wide distribution from Iran to China.
Synthesis of New Substituted Tetrazole and 4-Thiazolidinone from Schiff's Bases
Authors: Ahmed Amena Alyas , Ahmed Natiq Ghanim , Ahmad Ahmad Khuder
Published: May 2021

The present work involved the synthesis of compound (1) (1-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl pyrimidine- 2-(1H)-thione). This compound reacts with different aromatic aldehyde using glacial acetic acid as catalytic on absolute ethanol to give a new series of Schiff's bases (2-7). New thiazolidine-4-one were prepared from reactions of Schiff's bases (2,3,4,7) with thioglycolic acid in absolute ethanol giving compounds (8-11). Finally the preparation of new tetrazole derivatives (12-15) by reaction of Schiff's bases (2,3,4,7) with sodium azide in THF. The structure of the synthesized compounds are confirmed by I.R., 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra and some physical  data.
Design, Development and Characterization of Graphene Sand Nano-Composite for Water Filtration
Authors: Abro Shahid Hussain , Chandio Alidad , Channa Iftikhar A. , Alaboodi Abdulaziz S.
Published: May 2021

Water purification and filtration is a global issue and many researchers are engaged to resolve this problem by adopting the scientific approach, graphene sand composite was prepared through bio- synthesized technique. River sand was used in this context to remove the impurities already present in the sand 0.1M nitric acid treated the sand and the product was powder black in colour, referred as GSC, graphene sand composite. SEM, XRD and FTIR characterization was used to analyze the results. SEM images showed nano sized layers or sheets of graphene extending outwards.The XRD peak represents the multi lagered graphene structure which is formed by the treatment of the composite with acid and application of the high temperature during experiment UV-visible spectroscopy results successfully reveals the filtration difference between mud water and filtered water.
Exposure to Carbon Monoxide while Commuting in Popular Modes of Transport in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Shams Zafar Iqbal , Khan Muhammad Saqib , Ahmed Syed Taha , Ilyas Rumaisa , Akhtar Zeeshan
Published: May 2021

Motor vehicles are the single largest source of toxic carbon monoxide in Karachi because advance emission control devices are not fitted in them mainly due to non-availability of low sulfur or sulfur-free fuel. On the contrary, commuters' exposure to carbon monoxide has not yet been investigated, while commuting in any motor vehicle of the city. Therefore, the present study investigated commuter's exposure to carbon monoxide, while travelling in nine different popular modes of transport. The exposure to CO concentrations was recorded inside the buses of seven standard routes of the city. Similarly, exposure to ambient carbon monoxide was also explored, while riding a motorbike on two different routes of the city. On an average, he came in contact with 6.82 ± 2.66 ppm CO during 7576 minutes travelling on nine routes of the metropolis. He was exposed to the highest CO concentration (15.20 ± 9.59 ppm), while riding a motorbike through Route 1 that passed through heavily populated neighborhood. Rider's exposure to carbon monoxide was found significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with wind velocity. As a whole, commuter's exposures to carbon monoxide during evening was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those of the morning sessions. The present study will provide baseline information for reducing human exposure to the deadly carbon monoxide.
Tyumen region cultural framework as an example of a new methodological approach to preservation and use of the region’s cultural heritage.
Authors: Shulgin P.
Published: May 2021

Cultural  heritage  is  considered  a  special  resource  that  can  play  an  important role  in the  economic development  of the country and its certain regions. The Russian cultural  heritage  use  is  insufficient  and  inefficient,  which  demonstrates  the  need  to  develop new  strategic  approaches  to  realizing  this  important  potential  of  the  country.  The  concept  of forming  a  cultural  framework,  that  can  become  the  organizational  and  economic  basis  for the use of heritage is proposed on the example of the Tyumen region. The framework is being constructed  on  the  interaction  of  cultural  potential  of  both  historical  towns  and  small  rural settlements.  The  article  presents  regional  framework  formation  principles,  framework  centers  and  hubs  of  various  hierarchy  structure,  and  specific  proposals  on  cultural  and  tourist functions  of  individual  historical  settlements  and  territories.  The  planned  strategy  will  contribute  to  the  rational  use  of  cultural  heritage,  the  integration  of  cultural  heritage  into  modern  economic  reality,  the  transformation  of  this  resource  into  a  kind  of  driver  of  social  and economic  development  of  small  historical  towns  and  historical  rural  settlements.  Methodological  approaches  and  principles  laid  down  in  the  strategy  of  the  cultural  framework  of  the Tyumen region can be adopted in other regions of the country.
The contribution of industry to the Greek economy: facts and prospects
Authors:   Bank of Greece, Vettas Nikos , Peppas Konstantinos , Stavraki Sophia , Vasileiadis Michail
Published: May 2021

The scope of the study is to examine the impact of various factors on the growth of Greek industrial firms, in order to identify those that can contribute to a gradual recovery of Industry in the coming years. In this context, we estimate a firm growth model with the Quantile Regression econometric method, using an unbalanced panel dataset of 18,143 companies that were active in Greek Industry over the period 2005-2018. The explanatory variables used are firm-, sectorand macroeconomic environment-specific. Further, we estimate the effects on firm growth from the structural reforms related to business environment and from the sector’s participation in global value chains within or beyond the EU. The estimations highlight the positive effect on firm growth from exports and the reduction in the time and cost required to export, the availability of funding from the banking sector and the stock market, as well as from the reduction in the cost and procedures to start a business. Positive effects also stem from the participation of the faster-growing Greek industrial companies in value chains mainly outside the EU. By contrast, high corporate debt to banks, adverse macroeconomic conditions, energy costs and the participation of businesses other than the faster-growing ones in value chains in EU countries have a negative impact on firm growth. The latter effect is possibly due to the strong competition that these businesses face in the European markets. Some differences appear when estimates are made for the subsamples of high and low performance industrial sectors in terms of economic activity, financial efficiency, innovativeness and extroversion. The study includes policy recommendations based on the results of the estimations, to support growth in Industry. These concern the reduction of energy costs, the change in the depreciation method for investments in machinery and equipment, as well as the financing of the sector.
Does earnings quality matter? Evidence from the Athens Exchange
Authors:   Bank of Greece, Asimakopoulos Ioannis , Fassas Athanasios P. , Malliaropulos Dimitris
Published: May 2021

The relation between accounting earnings and firm valuation has long been a topic of interest to academics and stock market participants. The study analyses the relationship between earnings quality and firm value using a sample of non-financial firms with shares listed on the Athens Exchange over the period 2004-2019. The empirical findings indicate that investors value earnings quality, and this is reflected in a better valuation for firms having earnings of higher quality. The results are robust to different methodologies and controls for firm-specific factors. The evidence is of particular importance for Greek firms seeking to expand their sources of financing beyond the Greek banking system. Such a development requires constant monitoring and strengthening of the corporate governance framework, with the aim of improving the quality of information conveyed by the firms to investors. In this respect, the provisions of Law 4706/2020 regarding the Greek corporate governance framework and the operation of the Hellenic Capital Market Commission seem to be in the right direction.
Green–Finance in India: Challenges and opportunities
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce,  Sahu Ram Swarop Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Bareilly U.P.  Corresponding Author: Pragyarawat1081@gmail.com, Rawat Dr Pragya
Published: May 2021

In recent era our country is more focusing on economic development without considering the environmental changes and sustainable development. Recently entire world suffering from environmental pollution and pandemic, climatic changes. It is the late time to focusing on coping with climate changes, reduce the environmental pollution and creating pleasant co-existence between people and nature to have a sustainable development of the global economy and society. The term green finance consist of the words “Green” and “Finance” both of which are controversial issues. Green finance is the innovative financial pattern adopted by the country to integrate environmental protection with economic development and profit. In this study the researcher’s focusing on the recent trends, opportunities, challenges, various investments avenues of Green Finance in India and to analyze in the path of green Finance and to know the target achieved till date from the initiative taken by the Indian Government of India. The National Government can support the cities by increasing the funding which suites the energy saving and also locally administrated. The Government can be finally sound and innovative programmes and also environmentally good in the Practice of Purchasing the green procurement. But also the climate sources of energy plays a vital role. From the analysis it is clear that India has to focus more on the green finance and have to contribute more to infrastructure funding to attain the sustainable development goal.
History of Early Colonization and Displacement of the Aboriginals: Oscar and Lucinda
Authors:   Department Of English, Career Point University, Kota, Pathania Ashok Kumar , Purohit Dr. Anshu Raj , Verma Dr. Subhash ,   Govt. Degree College Sarkaghat (Mandi, HP)
Published: May 2021

The post colonial literature questions the legitimacy and completeness of history written in form of the chronicles of kings, princes, privileged ruling elites and the colonial and imperial ways of ruling the weaker territories across the world. Such power based narratives of the rulers, also termed as ‘mainstream history’, offer, either less space, for the indigenous, ‘subalterns’ or the conquered, or misrepresented them as the black, inferiors, uncivilized or aboriginals. The mainstreaming of history in this sense is the authoritative completeness or truth telling of the past. It is propagated as a matter of telling the story of past which can never be available as undistorted or pure. The novels of Peter Carey, the famous Australian novelist, re-evaluate the intricacies of history written by mainstream historians through their writings. In the historical fiction of Carey the convicts, rebellions, historical legends, systematic suppression and colonization of Aboriginals find justifiable records of their voices which could find place in the main stream version of history. The present paper is an attempt to analyse Peter Carey’s Oscar and Lucinda (1988) as purely a historical projection of nineteenth century Australia that portrays the early phase of British colonization of the continent particularly when the British administrators and historians were writing the saga of discovering and settling a newly occupied landmass. It unravels the process of spreading the Christianity in the newly occupied land which was one of the main strategies of British colonization across its colonies.
From Disorder to “the Normality”: Food Provisioning in Western, Central, and Southeast Europe, 1914–1924
Authors: Miletić Aleksandar R.
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the legal context and institutional features of a system of state-imposed constraints in wholesale and retail trade in foodstuffs in Western, Central, and Southeast European countries and regions. It introduces an innovative developmental typology of state intervention in this domain based on a sequence of implemented stages and intensity of state involvement with private ownership and freedom of trade. The typology is instrumental in enabling cross-country and cross-regional comparisons in the period under study. The regions under study are represented by doublet countries: France and UK for the Western European (WE) region, Germany and Austria for the Central European (CE) region, and Bulgaria and Yugoslavia (including its legal predecessors) for the Southeast European (SEE) region.
From “Original Democracy” to Euro-Atlantic Integration: Foreign Policy Issues during the Romanian Presidential Campaigns (1990–2004)
Authors: Mureșan Marius
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes from a diachronic point of view the way in which foreign policy issues evolved during the presidential elections in post-communist Romania. In this chronological demarcation, the author opted to start with 1990, when Ion Iliescu,the first president after the revolution, promoted a form of isolation of the country, proposing a local model of democracy building, and to end with 2004, when the NATO and European Union (EU) accession became realities assumed by all political parties. During this 14-year period, the presidential election was the type of vote that caught most people’s attention, and foreign policy gradually found its place among the topics of interest, along with economic reform and the fight against corruption. Romania’s exit from the “grey zone” was slow and involved several stages, such as the abandonment of the conservative discourse of Ion Iliescu and its replacement with a Euro-enthusiast one, the assumption by political parties of the “spirit of Snagov,” and the reconciliation with neighboring states. The main primary sources of the study are electoral programs, debate shows, and especially articles from the press of the time, such as Adevărul, România liberă, Evenimentul zilei, Ziua, România Mare, and so on.
Estimation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf area by a non-destructive method
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Pohlmann Valeria , Lago Isabel ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Lopes Sidinei José ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Martins Jéssica Taynara da Silva ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Rosa Caren Alessandra da ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Caye Milena ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Portalanza Diego ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to develop mathematical models to estimate the leaf area of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in irrigated and non-irrigated water regimes from linear dimensions. An experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with a 3×2 factorial arrangement (three cultivars: Triunfo, Garapiá and FC 104; two water regimes: irrigated and non-irrigated) with 25 replicates each. A total of 523 trifoliates were collected throughout the crop cycle. The length (L, cm) and width (W, cm) of the central leaflet of the trifoliate were measured and their product (LW) (cm²) calculated. Then, the leaf area of these trifoliates was determined by digital photography methods using ImageJ® software, and using leaf discs. The number of samples required to estimate the leaf area of a trifoliate was determined to define which method is the most accurate to be used as the real leaf area in generating equations to estimate the leaf area in common bean. The relationship between area by digital photographs and the dimensions of the central leaflet of the trifoliate (L, W and LW) was fitted by linear, quadratic and power models. Subsequently, the predictive capacity of the equations was assessed by the root mean square error (cm2 trifoliate-1), mean absolute error (cm2 trifoliate-1), index of agreement and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Sample size varied between cultivars, water regimes and evaluation methods. It is more appropriate to use the leaf area provided by ImageJ® as real for comparison purposes in generating models to estimate leaf area from linear measurements, in common bean. The general equation LA = 1.092L1.945 can be used in the tested regimes without accuracy losses.
Yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds produced under different irrigation depths and leaf Silicon
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Gama Guilherme Fontes Valory , Oliveira Rafael Macedo de ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Pinheiro Daniel Teixeira ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Silva Laércio Junio da ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Published: May 2021

Water availability is one of the main factors responsible for wheat productivity, as well as the quality of the produced seeds. Silicon (Si) has an important role in mitigating the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, Si application can be used to mitigate the effects of different irrigation depths on the production and quality of wheat seeds. The work aimed to evaluate the yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds produced from plants fertilized with leaf Si and grown under different irrigation depths. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot randomized block design, with four replications. The plots consisted of three irrigation depths (0, 50, and 100% of the total irrigation requirement [TIR]). In the subplots, Si treatments were allocated (without application [0 mM] and 5 mM SiO2, applied at the tillering stage). The following parameters were evaluated: water balance of the system; soil moisture; yield; thousand seed weight; germination; electrical conductivity; accelerated aging; seedling length and emergence. The water balance of the system was negative for the 0% TIN irrigation depth after anthesis and there was less soil moisture in this depth. There was no effect of irrigation depths and Si application on plant yield. The smaller irrigation depths imposed reduced the thousand seed weight and the electrical conductivity of the seeds produced. Plants fertilized with Si did not differ in germination, but they produced more vigorous seedlings with greater growth and uniformity.
Foliar application of H2O2 as salt stress attenuator in ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ sour passion fruit
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Ramos Jailton Garcia , Lima Geovani Soares de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Lima Vera Lucia Antunes de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Paiva Francisco Jean da Silva ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Nunes Kheila Gomes ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pereira Mariana de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Fernandes Pedro Dantas ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Saboya Luciano Marcelo Falle ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Published: May 2021

Irrigation with saline water causes a reduction in yield, especially in semi-arid regions. Cultivation strategies have been developed to mitigate salt stress on plants, such as the use of hydrogen peroxide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attenuating effect of hydrogen peroxide on the gas exchange and growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ sour passion fruit cultivated under irrigation with saline water. The design was completely randomized in split-plot plots, with water salinity levels ECw (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0 dS m-1) considered the plots and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 (0, 15, 30, and 45 μM) considered the subplots, with three replicates. Gas exchange (stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, instantaneous water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency), and absolute and relative growth rates in stem diameter were evaluated. An increase in irrigation water salinity from 0.6 dS m-1 reduced gas exchange, and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide did not promote a significant effect on gas exchange. However, foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at 15 μM increased the growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ sour passion fruit.
Effect of vaccination on the apparent prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the state of Tocantins, Brazil
Authors:   Agência de Defesa Sanitária Agrosilvopastoril do Estado de Rondônia, Vendrame Fabiano Benitez , Barbosa Regina Gonçalves ,   Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Tocantins, Ferreira Fernando ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Amaku Marcos ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Dias Ricardo Augusto ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Grisi-Filho José Henrique Hildebrand ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Bryan Marcos Heinemann ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Gonçalves Vitor Salvador Picão ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Baquero Oswaldo Santos ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ferreira Neto José Soares ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo
Published: May 2021

A cross-sectional study on the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis was carried out in the state of Tocantins to evaluate the effectiveness of its vaccination program. The state was divided into five regions, and a predetermined number of farms was randomly selected in each one. Females aged 24 months or older were randomly selected in each farm and diagnosed with brucellosis by serial serology (AAT and 2-ME). A total of 6,846 animals from 756 farms were examined. The prevalence of seropositive herds in the state was 6.42% [CI95%: 4.76-8.62], and the prevalence of seropositive animals was 2.21% [CI95%: 1.05-4.01]. The prevalence of seropositive herds was homogeneously distributed among regions. The 2002/2003 study estimated the prevalence of seropositive herds in the state to be 21.22% [CI95%: 19.33-23.11]. In conclusion, the vaccination program implemented in Tocantins, reaching vaccination coverage above 70% as of 2010, significantly reduced the prevalence of seropositive herds. Thus, continuing the vaccination program in the state is recommended, preferably increasing the quality of the processes involved, from commercialization to inoculation in animals, since immunization remains the most effective means to reduce the prevalence of brucellosis. In addition, animal replacement remains a major risk factor for bovine brucellosis in Tocantins since 20022003; therefore, the state must implement a strong health education program explaining to farmers the importance of testing animals for brucellosis before introducing them into their herds.
Experimental infection by Borrelia anserina strain PL in Gallus gallus
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Cepeda Marcio Barizon , Cordeiro Matheus Dias ,   Universidade de Vassouras, Baêta Bruna de Azevedo ,   Universidade de Vassouras, Fonseca Adivaldo Henrique da ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
Published: May 2021

Avian borreliosis is a tick-borne acute septicemic disease that affects a variety of avian species and is caused by the bacterium Borrelia anserina. The present study aimed to establish the infection dynamics of B. anserina in experimentally infected Gallus gallus to determine its impact on the health and weight gain of the animals. Forty G. gallus were divided into four groups. Group 1 (G1) included 10 animals inoculated intramuscularly (IM) with 250μL of blood serum containing 3.7x106 spirochetes per milliliter. Group 2 (G2) included 10 animals inoculated IM with 250μL of saline 0.9%. Group 3 (G3) included 10 animals infested with four Argas miniatus nymphs (3rd instar) infected with B. anserina strain PL. Group 4 (G4) included 10 animals infested with four A. miniatus nymphs (3rd instar) free of infection by B. anserina. The number of spirochetes in the blood was directly proportional to the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms. This is the first study showing the experimental clinical evolution of the B. anserina PL strain in G. gallus. Additionally, the first assessments of spirochetaemia are presented, based on the direct count of bacteria in the serum by a Neubauer chamber, during the infection.
General characteristics of clinical trials for biosimilar drugs
Authors: AKICI Ahmet , VIZDIKLAR Caner
Published: May 2021

Biosimilar is a highly similar product to biological reference medicinal product. The development, licensing and clinical use of these
products differ from the implementations of conventional drugs shaped on the concept of equivalence in various aspects. Negative
attitudes about generic drugs, many of which are thought to be based on lack of knowledge, are still substantial. There is concern that
the problem may reach more serious dimensions in the use of biosimilars, which are known to be more complex compared to these.
Knowing the prominent critical aspects of the development process of the biosimilars may contribute to the solution of this problem
that causes significant difficulties in practice.
In all conventional and biological products, the innovative drug researches consist of the preclinical phase followed by the successive
phases I-IV. The first three phases are carried out before the license. The clinical trials required for licensing of generics are limited
by bioequivalence studies. However, in biosimilars, this process is more complex due to the nature of biological products. Adequate
quality, clinical efficacy and safety data are needed on the comparability basis of the reference products and their biosimilar. Phase
I and III are generally required for biosimilarity, although it may vary per product. Although, these phases are perceived as classical
phase studies, they differ considerably from those in the development process of reference drug in terms of design, purpose, content
and flexibility. Approaches that do not pay attention to these details sufficiently, can cause many problems such as the advantages
of biosimilars remain limited, risk management cannot be performed effectively, loss of trust, delay in product supplying, unfair
competition, etc. The general characteristics of clinical trials and the details of the subject specifically for biosimilars are mentioned
in this review article.
Experiencing Others: Stein’s Critique of Scheler
Authors: Dahlstrom Daniel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

“Experiencing others” in this paper stands for apprehending fellow human beings insofar as they express themselves and thus are or have been—on some level—alive and conscious. Contemporary scholars have increasingly paid attention to phenomenological approaches to explaining this phenomenon, whether under the rubric of knowing other minds, intersubjectivity, or empathy. In this connection, Max Scheler’s studies of sympathy and Edith Stein’s dissertation on empathy have stood out. Yet scholars often treat their views in tandem, paying little attention to their differences. This neglect is unfortunate since their disagreement harbors—at least prima facie—two radically different points of departure for understanding how we experience one another. The main objective of this paper is to identify their disagreement and to probe the possibility and necessity of resolving it.
Thomism and Contemporary Phenomenological Realism
Authors: Colledge Richard ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

This paper looks to make a small contribution to the critical engagement between philosophical Thomism and phenomenology, inspired by the recent work of the German phenomenologist and hermeneutic thinker Günter Figal. My suggestion is that Figal’s proposal for a broad-based hermeneutical philosophy rooted in a renewed realism concerning things in their externality and “objectivity” provides great potential for a renewed encounter with Thomist realism. The paper takes up this issue through a brief examination of some of the more problematic idealistic features of Kantian and Husserlian thought, before turning to consider how these aspects of the tradition are reframed within Figal’s phenomenological realism. The Thomist position concerning the relation between things and their understanding (including the complex matter of the verbum mentis) is then raised, drawing both on Aquinas’s own texts and the interpretations of Jacques Maritain. Some striking emerging affinities between this tradition and Figal’s hermeneutic phenomenology are noted.
Catholics and Voting in the 2020 Presidential Election
Authors: Brust Steven J. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: May 2021

The “Catholic Vote” is usually understood to mean the descriptive measurement of the presidential candidate whom a majority of Catholics vote for. The more important question arises as to which candidate Catholics ought to vote for. Applying the Church’s relevant teachings on politics and morality and moral reasoning, especially the distinction between prudential and principled (non-negotiable) policies, demonstrates that one ought not to vote for former Vice President Biden, but suggests a vote for Donald Trump.
Pope Pius XII, the Bishops of France and the Rescue of Jews, 1940–1944
Authors: Yagil Limore ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: May 2021

France is one of the countries of occupied Western Europe where the Jewish community best survived the Holocaust. The bishops, religious congregations and the priests there contributed to this situation in great measure. Many bishops remained silent about the roundups of Jews, but they helped to save many Jews in their dioceses. Most of them had been nominated to the episcopacy in the 1920s and 1930s when Eugenio Pacelli was nuncio and influential in the appointment of bishops. These bishops followed the policies of the Vatican which enabled the Church in France to fight Nazism and racism. During World War II, the Vatican sent enormous sums of money to rscue Jews and other fugitives in France. The encyclical of Pope Pius XI Mit brennender Sorge (1937), widely distributed in France, encouraged Catholics to assist Jews and other fugitives. This article offers insights into Vatican policy for the years 1940 through 1945.
Habermas’s Interpretation of Arendt in The Future of Human Nature
Authors: Bennett Michael J. ,   DePaul University
Published: May 2021

This article responds to several liberal bioethicists’ criticisms of Jürgen Habermas’s The Future of Human Nature by placing it in the context of his intellectual influences and career-spanning theorization of communicative rationality. In particular, I argue that Habermas’s critics have not grasped his interpretation of Hannah Arendt’s concept of natality. Far from merely ventriloquizing his friend and teacher, Habermas distinguishes his construal of that concept from Arendt’s, which he presents as a naturalistic foil to his concerns about the potential ethical impact of preimplantation genetic interventions. Whereas, according to Habermas, Arendt reasons directly from the biological fact of birth to the capacity for political action, he himself construes natality as implying a “divide between nature and culture” at the level of the “lifeworld.” Identifying Habermas’s interpretation of Arendt in this way explains why Habermas claims not to be a biological determinist and why the bioethicists’ criticism, according to which he is, fails.
Effects of ulipristal acetate in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids
Authors: Navarro Plazaola Natalia , Vega Chacana Marla , Avilés Dorlhiac Raimundo
Published: May 2021

Introducción Los miomas uterinos son una patología frecuente en ginecología, que tiene como desafío el enfrentamiento terapéutico. Existen nuevas terapias como el uso de acetato de ulipristal que podrían ayudar con el alivio sintomático y mejoría de la calidad de vida, además de la disminución del tamaño de los miomas uterinos. No obstante, existe controversia respecto a los efectos adversos, especialmente frente a la hepatotoxicidad. Métodos Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el tamizaje de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones Identificamos nueve revisiones sistemáticas que incluyeron diez estudios primarios, de los cuales cinco son ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de ulipristal aumenta la probabilidad de amenorrea, mejora la calidad de vida y disminuye el sangrado menstrual. Además, el uso de ulipristal podría disminuir el tamaño de los miomas. Sin embargo, podría aumentar el riesgo de efectos adversos.
Bacteremia due to Ralstonia mannitolilytica: A report of the first case in Peru
Authors: Pérez Lazo Giancarlo , Silva Caso Wilmer , Morales Moreno Adriana , Soto Febres Fernando , Morales Castillo Liliana , Jove Químper Hugo , Del Valle Mendoza Juana , Angel Aguilar Luis Miguel , Aquino Ortega Ronald
Published: May 2021

The first report of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteremia in Peru is presented. The patient was a pediatric cancer patient with a long-term central venous access device. For the diagnosis, the MicroScan Walk Away 96 automated system was used. 16S rDNA was amplified by conventional PCR, and the bacterial genus and species were identified by genetic sequencing. In addition, the bacterial resistance profile to major antimicrobials was determined. The article discusses the need to actively monitor Ralstonia mannitolilytica, especially in hospital areas of immunocompromised patients.
«¿Economía Doméstica o Labores? La educación femenina en la escuela: programas y libros de texto (Argentina, 1870- 1920)
Authors: Rodriguez Laura Graciela
Published: May 2021

In Argentina, starting in the year 1870 the first national Normal Schools (Teacher Training Schools) were created at the initiative of Domingo F. Sarmiento. As in other countries, the expansion of Normal Schools responded to the need to train teachers in order to give instruction to the majority of the population, to provide moral guidance to popular sectors, to transmit basic principles of hygiene, and to help make them part of the same national community. In these nascent modern states, functionaries also had to take care of providing a differentiated education to girls, so that they would learn to be good wives, mothers and housewives, through the transmission of content prepared especially for them. Imitating countries such as the United States, France or Belgium, the subject Domestic Economy was included in Normal Schools and primary schools. In this article we will discuss: a) how the subject was incorporated into the curriculum developed for the primary schools of the province of Buenos Aires as well as the capital city, what the course loads consisted of, and how they evolved; b) what content and purposes the programs pursued; c) what topics were dealt with in the texts selected by the official authorities; d) and how the subject was taught in the classroom.
GARY MCCULLOCH, IVOR GOODSON Y MARIANO GONZÁLEZ-DELGADO (eds.). Transnational perspectives on curriculum history
Authors: Frechtel Ignacio
Published: May 2021

Review of the book by GARY MCCULLOCH, IVOR GOODSON Y MARIANO GONZÁLEZ-DELGADO (eds.). Transnational perspectives on curriculum history. Oxford/ New York: Routledge, 2020, 231 páginas. ISBN: 978-1-138-60478-0
Ce que l’on jardine : les « permis de végétaliser » de vingt municipalités françaises et le projet de la rue-jardin Kléber à Bordeaux
Authors: Ramos Aurélien
Published: May 2021

Cet article porte sur la transformation de la relation entre le jardin et le jardinage dans les politiques publiques urbaines visant à susciter le désir de jardiner chez les citadins. À partir du constat de l’instrumentalisation des pratiques de jardinage en ville et de la recrudescence de l’emploi du verbe « jardiner » dans des contextes n’ayant plus guère à voir avec le jardin, il s’agit de revenir à ce qui lie le geste à l’objet, la pratique au lieu. À partir de l’analyse de deux dispositifs publics utilisés pour mettre les citadins au jardinage — les « permis de végétaliser » de vingt municipalités françaises et le projet de la rue-jardin Kléber à Bordeaux — l’article cherche à voir si la convocation du verbe « jardiner » comme synonyme de faire agir les citadins dans le processus de production de l’espace urbain signifie que le jardin comme objet médiateur entre l’individu et le monde reste un horizon alternatif et souhaitable pour la ville.
Identification of key microRNAs and the underlying molecular mechanism in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Chen Fengshou , Han Jie , Wang Dan
Published: May 2021

Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) is a pathological process with severe complications such as paraplegia and paralysis. Aberrant miRNA expression is involved in the development of SCII. Differences in the experimenters, filtering conditions, control selection, and sequencing platform may lead to different miRNA expression results. This study systematically analyzes the available SCII miRNA expression data to explore the key differently expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and the underlying molecular mechanism in SCII. A systematic bioinformatics analysis was performed on 23 representative rat SCII miRNA datasets from PubMed. The target genes of key DEmiRNAs were predicted on miRDB. The DAVID and TFactS databases were utilized for functional enrichment and transcription factor binding analyses. In this study, 19 key DEmiRNAs involved in SCII were identified, 9 of which were upregulated (miR-144-3p, miR-3568, miR-204, miR-30c, miR-34c-3p, miR-155-3p, miR-200b, miR-463, and miR-760-5p) and 10 downregulated (miR-28-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-702-3p, miR-291a-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-352, miR-743b-3p, miR-125b-2-3p, miR-129-1-3p, and miR-136). KEGG enrichment analysis on the target genes of the upregulated DEmiRNAs revealed that the involved pathways were mainly the cGMP-PKG and cAMP signaling pathways. KEGG enrichment analysis on the target genes of the downregulated DEmiRNAs revealed that the involved pathways were mainly the Chemokine and MAPK signaling pathways. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the target genes of the upregulated DEmiRNAs were markedly enriched in biological processes such as brain development and the positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. Target genes of the downregulated DEmiRNAs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as intracellular signal transduction and negative regulation of cell proliferation. According to the transcription factor analysis, the four transcription factors, including SP1, GLI1, GLI2, and FOXO3, had important regulatory effects on the target genes of the key DEmiRNAs. Among the upregulated DEmiRNAs, miR-3568 was especially interesting. While SCII causes severe neurological deficits of lower extremities, the anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) of miR-3568 improve neurological function. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax was markedly upregulated in SCII comparing to the sham group, and miR-3568 AMO reduced the upregulation. Bcl-2 expression levels showed a opposite trend as cleaved caspase-3. The expression of GATA6, GATA4, and RBPJ decreased after SCII and miR-3568 AMO attenuated this upregulation. In conclusion, 19 significant DEmiRNAs in the pathogenesis of SCII were identified, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were validated. The DEmiRNAs could serve as potential intervention targets for SCII. Moreover, inhibition of miR-3568 preserved hind limb function after SCII by reducing apoptosis, possibly through regulating GATA6, GATA4, and RBPJ in SCII.
Measurement of Social Capital in Water Users Association through Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Rajeshwaran M. , Mahandrakumar K. , Prabakaran K.
Published: May 2021

This study aims to construct by using the social capital index through the identified major components and subcomponents in the watershed context by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). It was introduced by Satty, for decision making by considering the complex elements involved in the process. This was done through pairwise comparison of the judgments of experts. The empirical findings indicate that among the six major components the level of derived benefits was assigned with high weightage as a contributing component in the social capital index followed by the level of involvement, level of collective management, level of trust.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Performance of Oat-grasspea Cropping Systems, Competition Indices and Residual Soil Fertility
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Jana Kalyan , Agrawal Rajeev Kumar , Puste Anandamoy
Published: May 2021

A field experiment in 3 times replicated split plot design comprising 4 cropping systems (CS)  (CS1-Sole oat, CS2- Sole grasspea, CS3 and CS4-oat-grasspea intercropping in 3:2 and  3:3 row ratios, respectively) in main plot and 3 integrated nutrient managements i.e. N2, N3 and N4- 75% N through urea + rest N through FYM, vermi-compost and mustard oilcake, respectively along with N1 – 100% RDF in sub plot, was carried out at Central Research Farm, B.C.K.V., India during winter season of 2015-16 and 2016-17. Pooled results expressed that highest yield of oat (15.40 q/ha) and grasspea (12.44 q/ha) were obtained from CS4 and CS2, respectively, under application of N3. CS4 exhibited greater competition indices (LER: 1.16, RCC: 3.19, Aggressivity index: 0.184, CR: 1.39) and MAI ( 10,685.02) over CS3 under application of N3, showing 16% yield advantage as compared to sole cropping. Soil fertility remained best under CS2 (OC: 0.53%, available N: 218.39 kg/ha, available P2O5: 49.59 kg/ha, available K2O: 215.28 kg/ha) and among oat based CS, in CS4 with N3 application (OC: 0.52%, available N: 196.32 kg/ha, available P2O5: 44.28 kg/ha, available K2O: 194.95 kg/ha).
Test of Unit Root for Bounded AR (2) Model
Authors: El-Sayed Sayed Meshaal , EL- Sheikh Ahmed Amin , Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Farouk
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the test of unit root for bounded AR (2) model with constant term and dependent errors has been derived. Asymptotic distributions of OLS estimators and t-type  statistics under different tests of hypotheses have been derived. A simulation study has been established to compare between different tests of the unit root. Mean squared error (MSE) and Thiel's inequality coefficient (Thiel’s U) have been considered as criteria of comparison.
Coordinating the Supply Chain Network and Optimization Models of Agricultural Products in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Khairul , Alam Md. Mahmud , Uddin Mohammed Forhad
Published: May 2021

In this research introduces four different mathematical designs for the coordination and three-stage profit optimization models of agricultural products in Bangladesh. This research, we occupied that the three types of market players are coordinated by mutually sharing all kind of information related to their business. To enrich a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and explore the circumstance of production receptivity is inadequate for the manufacturer. The manufacturers will coverage these deficits by external sources, which decided very beginning of the business contract. This is very significant foreword in deciding so as to alleviate these challenges and to enlarge the method representation and distinct benefit of the Supply Chain Network (SCN). The coordinated system in alliance with the market players has been projected to realize the best result. The formulated MILP models optimize the maximum profit and also to optimize the best production distribution center which satisfy most of the customer demand. This paper, the formulated MILP model were solved by a mathematical programming language (AMPL) and we get the results by using appropriate solver MINOS. Analyzed a numerical example for some important parameters has been deployed to validate our proposed models. We get the results after coordination the individual profits could be increased, in the same time end user cost price decrease.
Bayesian Estimation and Prediction for Exponentiated Generalized Inverted Kumaraswamy Distribution Based on Dual Generalized Order Statistics
Authors: Al-Fattah A. M. Abd , El-Kader R. E. Abd , El-Helbawy A. A. , Al-Dayian G. R.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the shape parameters, reliability and hazard rate functions of the exponentiated generalized inverted Kumaraswamy distribution are estimated using Bayesian approach. The Bayes estimators are derived under the squared error loss function and the linear-exponential loss function based on dual generalized order statistics. Credible intervals for the parameters, reliability and hazard rate functions are obtained. The Bayesian prediction (point and interval) for a future observation of the exponentiated generalized inverted Kumaraswamy distribution is obtained based on dual generalized order statistics. All results are specialized to lower record values and a numerical study is presented. Moreover, the theoretical results are applied on three real data sets.