bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Adoption of Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) in Veterans’ Affairs Community‐Based Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Ecker Anthony H. , Abraham Traci H. , Martin Lindsey A. , Marchant‐Miros Kathy , Cucciare Michael A.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Many US military veterans experience anxiety, depression, and trauma‐related disorders. A major goal of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has been to increase access to evidence‐based psychotherapies (EBPs) such as cognitive‐behavioral therapy to address veterans’ substantial health burden. However, despite widespread implementation of EBPs throughout the VHA, smaller clinics that often serve rural veterans face barriers to delivering these interventions. The Veterans Affairs Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (VA CALM) program aims to empower providers in rural areas with varying levels of training and experience in delivering EBPs to provide high‐quality cognitive‐behavioral therapy for anxiety, depression, and trauma‐related disorders. The goal of this study was to better understand, through qualitative interviews, VHA community‐based outpatient clinic providers’ perspectives on implementing VA CALM.

Methods

Qualitative interviews with providers (N = 22) were conducted to understand implementation of VA CALM. Template analysis was used to organize and summarize responses.

Findings

Providers noted several facilitators for implementing VA CALM in rural community clinics, including its perceived effectiveness, broad applicability, and structure. Barriers to implementation included scheduling problems and patient‐related barriers.

Conclusions

Incorporating providers’ perspectives on factors that affect implementing cognitive‐behavioral therapy in this setting may inform future efforts to disseminate‐implement EBPs in smaller, more remote VHA clinics.
Seasonality, local resources and environmental factors influence patterns of brown bear damages: implications for management
Authors: Zarzo‐Arias A. , Delgado M. M. , Palazón S. , Afonso Jordana I. , Bombieri G. , González‐Bernardo E. , Ordiz A. , Bettega C. , García‐González R. , Penteriani V.
Published: October 2020

Coexistence of humans and large carnivores is a major challenge for conservation and management, especially in human‐modified landscapes. Ongoing recovery of some large carnivore populations is good conservation news, but it also brings about increased levels of conflict with humans. Compensation payments and preventive measures are used worldwide as part of conservation programmes with the aim of reducing such conflicts and improving public attitude towards large carnivores. However, understanding the drivers triggering conflicts is a conservation priority, which helps prevent and reduce damages. Here, we have analysed the spatio‐temporal patterns of brown bear Ursus arctos damages to apiaries, crops and livestock in the two small, isolated and endangered bear populations in northern Spain. The increase in the number of damages varied in parallel with the increase in bear numbers, which is probably a primary cause determining the occurrence on damages. Damages also varied among years, seasons and bear populations and seemed to mainly depend on the local availability of natural food items, weather conditions and the availability of apiaries and livestock. Fluctuating availability of food items may explain the frequency of conflicts, which is yet another call to apply preventive measures in carnivore damage to human property in seasons and years when natural food availability is lower than usual. Understanding and preventing damage is in turn essential to mitigate conflicts where humans and large carnivores share the same landscape.
Linking epigenetic signature and metabolic phenotype in IDH mutant and IDH wildtype diffuse glioma
Authors: Braun Yannick , Filipski Katharina , Bernatz Simon , Baumgarten Peter , Roller Bastian , Zinke Jenny , Zeiner Pia S. , Ilina Elena , Senft Christian , Ronellenfitsch Michael W. , Plate Karl H. , Bähr Oliver , Hattingen Elke , Steinbach Joachim P. , Mittelbronn Michel , Harter Patrick N.
Published: October 2020

Aims

Changes in metabolism are known to contribute to tumour phenotypes. If and how metabolic alterations in brain tumours contribute to patient outcome is still poorly understood. Epigenetics impact metabolism and mitochondrial function. The aim of this study is a characterisation of metabolic features in molecular subgroups of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant (IDHmut) and isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDHwt) gliomas.

Methods

We employed DNA methylation pattern analyses with a special focus on metabolic genes, large‐scale metabolism panel immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR‐based determination of mitochondrial DNA copy number and immune cell content using IHC and deconvolution of DNA methylation data. We analysed molecularly characterised gliomas (n = 57) for in depth DNA methylation, a cohort of primary and recurrent gliomas (n = 22) for mitochondrial copy number and validated these results in a large glioma cohort (n = 293). Finally, we investigated the potential of metabolic markers in Bevacizumab (Bev)‐treated gliomas (n = 29).

Results

DNA methylation patterns of metabolic genes successfully distinguished the molecular subtypes of IDHmut and IDHwt gliomas. Promoter methylation of lactate dehydrogenase A negatively correlated with protein expression and was associated with IDHmut gliomas. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was increased in IDHmut tumours and did not change in recurrent tumours. Hierarchical clustering based on metabolism panel IHC revealed distinct subclasses of IDHmut and IDHwt gliomas with an impact on patient outcome. Further quantification of these markers allowed for the prediction of survival under anti‐angiogenic therapy.

Conclusion

A mitochondrial signature was associated with increased survival in all analyses, which could indicate tumour subgroups with specific metabolic vulnerabilities.
Regulation of shoot branching in arabidopsis by trehalose 6‐phosphate
Authors: Fichtner Franziska , Barbier Francois F. , Annunziata Maria G. , Feil Regina , Olas Justyna J. , Mueller‐Roeber Bernd , Stitt Mark , Beveridge Christine A. , Lunn John E.
Published: October 2020

Trehalose 6‐phosphate (Tre6P) is a sucrose signalling metabolite that has been implicated in regulation of shoot branching, but its precise role is not understood.

We expressed tagged forms of TREHALOSE‐6‐PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE1 (TPS1) to determine where Tre6P is synthesized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and investigated the impact of localized changes in Tre6P levels, in axillary buds or vascular tissues, on shoot branching in wild‐type and branching mutant backgrounds.

TPS1 is expressed in axillary buds and the subtending vasculature, as well as in the leaf and stem vasculature. Expression of a heterologous Tre6P phosphatase (TPP) to lower Tre6P in axillary buds strongly delayed bud outgrowth in long days and inhibited branching in short days. TPP expression in the vasculature also delayed lateral bud outgrowth and decreased branching. Increased Tre6P in the vasculature enhanced branching and was accompanied by higher expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and upregulation of sucrose transporters. Increased vascular Tre6P levels enhanced branching in branched1 but not in ft mutant backgrounds.

These results provide direct genetic evidence of a local role for Tre6P in regulation of axillary bud outgrowth within the buds themselves, and also connect Tre6P with systemic regulation of shoot branching via FT.
Attitudes toward anticoagulation for postoperative atrial fibrillation: A nationwide survey of VA providers
Authors: Riad Fady S. , German Konstantin , Deitz Sarah , Sahadevan Jayakumar , Sundaram Varun , Waldo Albert L.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. Though often felt to be self‐limited, this complication has been associated with increases in both short and long‐term stroke and mortality. Several studies have also shown a high rate of AF recurrence. Optimal treatment strategy is not yet defined, and the role of anticoagulation (AC) is unclear. Our objective was to determine provider attitudes toward management of this common complication.

Methods

A survey consisting of 15 multiple choice questions was distributed to providers at Veterans Healthcare Administration hospitals nationwide.

Results

The majority of respondents were cardiologists. Practices varied drastically with respect to AC use for patients with POAF who were discharged in normal sinus rhythm. Less variability existed for patients discharged in AF. There was no clear consensus regarding other factors to consider when deciding on AC therapy, including length of episode, or risk factors for stroke such as CHA2DS2‐VASc score. There was also no consensus on duration of therapy or need for post discharge cardiac monitoring.

Conclusion

Our data indicate a wide variability in the management of POAF. This reflects conflicting recommendations in the guidelines, as well as a paucity of prospective treatment trials in this field. Nevertheless, a growing evidence base suggests that this complication carries potentially serious long‐term morbidity and mortality, and better evidence for its management is needed.
Multivariate models for estimating jackass semen production and quality
Authors: Liu Qing , Yu Jie , Li Min , Zhang Ruitao , Gao Peng , Cong Guanglei , Cui Daiyong , Ji Chuanliang , Zeng Shenming
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of season, age, gonad and accessory sex glands on semen characteristics of jackass and to construct multivariate regression models to predict semen quality. In autumn, spring and summer, semen characteristics of 30 sexually mature donkeys (1,014 ejaculations) were analysed to investigate the effect of seasons on semen quality, and gonad and accessory sex gland parameters of 12 jackasses were measured immediately after ejaculation by ultrasonography to investigate the effect of seasons on reproductive organ size. Semen (598 ejaculates), gonad and accessory sex gland parameters of 40 jackasses aged between 3 and 7 years were analysed in autumn to investigate the effects of age and reproductive organ size on semen quality and to construct multivariate models. To verify the accuracy of the models, semen (476 ejaculates), gonad and accessory sex gland parameters of 20 jackasses were measured from March to June. Results revealed that semen, gonad and accessory sex gland parameters were not affected by season and age. Progressive motility (PM) was positively correlated with long axis of the spermatic cord (LASC) and negatively correlated with percentages of sperm abnormality (PSA). Total sperm count (TSC) was positively correlated with testis circumferences (TC) and cross‐sectional area of cauda epididymis (CSACE). TC, CSACE, LASC and PSA were included into multivariate models to predict PM, TSC and functional sperm count (FSC) in 20 jackasses (PM = 72.332 + 0.428 LASC − 0.441 PSA; TSC = −169.929 + 8.728 TC + 0.253 CSACE; FSC = −206.645 + 8.788 TC + 0.258 CSACE). The predicted and observed values corresponded well. In conclusion, the tested models can be used for predicting semen quality of donkey.
Acute cigarette smoke‐induced eQTL affects formyl peptide receptor expression and lung function
Authors: Pouwels Simon D. , Wiersma Valerie R. , Fokkema Immeke E. , Berg Marijn , ten Hacken Nick H.T. , van den Berge Maarten , Heijink Irene , Faiz Alen
Published: October 2020

Background and objective

Cigarette smoking is one of the most prevalent causes of preventable deaths worldwide, leading to chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke is known to induce significant transcriptional modifications throughout the respiratory tract. However, it is largely unknown how genetic profiles influence the smoking‐related transcriptional changes and how changes in gene expression translate into altered alveolar epithelial repair responses.

Methods

We performed a candidate‐based acute cigarette smoke‐induced eQTL study, investigating the association between SNP and differential gene expression of FPR family members in bronchial epithelial cells isolated 24 h after smoking and after 48 h without smoking. The effects FPR1 on lung epithelial integrity and repair upon damage in the presence and absence of cigarette smoke were studied in CRISPR‐Cas9‐generated lung epithelial knockout cells.

Results

One significant (FDR < 0.05) inducible eQTL (rs3212855) was identified that induced a >2‐fold change in gene expression. The minor allele of rs3212855 was associated with significantly higher gene expression of FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3 upon smoking. Importantly, the minor allele of rs3212855 was also associated with lower lung function. Alveolar epithelial FPR1 knockout cells were protected against CSE‐induced reduction in repair capacity upon wounding.

Conclusion

We identified a novel smoking‐related inducible eQTL that is associated with a smoke‐induced increase in the expression of FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3, and with lowered lung function. in vitro FPR1 down‐regulation protects against smoke‐induced reduction in lung epithelial repair.
A case report of cleidocranial dysplasia: A noninvasive approach
Authors: Ayub Nur Aliya Filzah Mohd , Hamzah Siti Hajar , Hussein Alaa Sabah , Rajali Aimeeza , Ahmad Mas Suryalis
Published: October 2020

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare bone disorder. The main dental features are the presence of multiple retained deciduous teeth and supernumerary teeth, as well as unerupted permanent teeth. To date, CCD is managed by a combination approach, which consists of the extraction of deciduous and supernumerary teeth, followed by orthodontic traction of unerupted permanent teeth. This case highlights the management of a girl with CCD, who refused the recommended protocol. A 15‐year‐old Malay female presented with a complaint of retained deciduous teeth. Intraoral examination revealed multiple retained deciduous teeth. Radiographs showed numerous impacted supernumerary and unerupted permanent teeth. The patient opted to improve her facial appearance with a less aggressive treatment option. A composite build‐up on all anterior maxillary deciduous teeth was carried out until the patient was ready to undergo surgical intervention.
Variscan ultra‐high‐pressure eclogite in the Upper Allochthon of the Rhodope Metamorphic Complex (Bulgaria)
Authors: Trapp Svenja , Janák Marian , Fassmer Kathrin , Froitzheim Nikolaus , Münker Carsten , Georgiev Neven
Published: October 2020

The Rhodope Metamorphic Complex (RMC) in Bulgaria has been established as a Mesozoic ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphic province by findings of microdiamond in gneisses. Additionally, Variscan ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphism has been proposed for the Ograzhden/Vertiskos Unit in the Upper Allochthon of the RMC, based on findings of coesite, graphite pseudomorphs after diamond and indirect age constraints. We confirm ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphism of eclogites in this unit using thermobarometry, phase‐equilibrium modelling and the Variscan age of metamorphism using Lu–Hf garnet–whole‐rock dating. In Belica (southern Rila Mountains), kyanite‐ and phengite‐bearing eclogite enclosed in high‐grade gneisses records P‐T conditions of 3.0–3.5 GPa and 700–750°C. Lu–Hf dating of eclogite samples from Belica and Gega (Ograzhden Mountain), where coesite was found, yielded ages of 334.1 ± 1.8 and 334.0 ± 2.2 Ma, respectively, interpreted as the age of garnet growth during post‐collisional subduction of continental crust after closure of the Rheic Ocean.
Eliciting Attribute-Level User Needs From Online Reviews With Deep Language Models and Information Extraction
Authors: Han Yi , Moghaddam Mohsen
Published: October 2020

Eliciting user needs for individual components and features of a product or a service on a large scale is a key requirement for innovative design. Synthesizing data as an initial discovery phase of a design process is usually accomplished with a small number of participants, employing qualitative research methods such as observations, focus groups, and interviews. This leaves an entire swath of pertinent user behavior, preferences, and opinions not captured. Sentiment analysis is a key enabler for large-scale need finding from online user reviews generated on a regular basis. A major limitation of current sentiment analysis approaches used in design sciences, however, is the need for laborious labeling and annotation of large review datasets for training, which in turn hinders their scalability and transferability across different domains. This article proposes an efficient and scalable methodology for automated and large-scale elicitation of attribute-level user needs. The methodology builds on the state-of-the-art pretrained deep language model, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), with new convolutional net and named entity recognition (NER) layers for extracting attribute, description, and sentiment words from online user review corpora. The machine translation algorithm BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy) is utilized to extract need expressions in the form of predefined part-of-speech combinations (e.g., adjective–noun, verb–noun). Numerical experiments are conducted on a large dataset scraped from a major e-commerce retail store for apparel and footwear to demonstrate the performance, feasibility, and potentials of the developed methodology.
Vomiting-induced costal cartilage fracture: a case report
Authors: Drakonaki Eleni , Karageorgiou Ioannis , Kokkinakis Stamatios , Maliotis Neofytos , Spyridaki Rania , Symvoulakis Emmanouil K
Published: October 2020

The use of ultrasonography as a first line imaging test in cases of possible costal cartilage fracture can be pivotal. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with a suspected atraumatic vomiting-induced costal cartilage fracture. The costal cartilage fracture was non-displaced and incomplete, thus not visible in a Computed Tomography scan. When Ultrasound imaging was employed at the area of tenderness, soft tissue edema and hematoma around the cartilage were visualized. High level of suspicion for a cartilage fracture in this case revealed a subtle osseous injury.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
ALB65 Inhibits the Growth of
Listeria monocytogenes
on Cantaloupe Melons
Authors: Tran Thao D. , Del Cid Celia , Hnasko Robert , Gorski Lisa , McGarvey Jeffery A.
Published: October 2020

Listeria monocytogenes
is estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to cause disease in approximately 1,600 to 2,500 people in the United States every year. The largest known outbreak of listeriosis in the United States was associated with intact cantaloupe melons in 2011, resulting in 147 hospitalizations and 33 deaths. In this study, we demonstrated that
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
ALB65 is an effective biological control agent for the reduction of
L. monocytogenes
growth on intact cantaloupe melons under both pre- and postharvest conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that
B. amyloliquefaciens
ALB65 can completely inhibit the growth of
L. monocytogenes
during cold storage (<8°C).
An Open-Source Program (Haplo-ST) for Whole-Genome Sequence Typing Shows Extensive Diversity among Listeria monocytogenes Isolates in Outdoor Environments and Poultry Processing Plants
Authors: Louha Swarnali , Meinersmann Richard J. , Abdo Zaid , Berrang Mark E. , Glenn Travis C.
Published: October 2020

We have developed an open-source tool (
https://github.com/swarnalilouha/Haplo-ST
) that provides allele-based subtyping of
L. monocytogenes
isolates at the whole-genome level. Along with allelic profiles, this tool also generates allele sequences and identifies paralogs, which is useful for phylogenetic tree reconstruction and deciphering relationships between closely related isolates. More broadly, Haplo-ST is flexible and can be adapted to characterize the genome of any haploid organism simply by installing an organism-specific gene database. Haplo-ST also allows for scalable subtyping of isolates; fewer reference genes can be used for low-resolution typing, whereas higher resolution can be achieved by increasing the number of genes used in the analysis. Our tool enabled clustering of
L. monocytogenes
isolates into lineages and detection of potential loci for adaptation and persistence in food processing environments. Findings from these analyses highlight the effectiveness of Haplo-ST in subtyping and evaluating relationships among isolates in studies of bacterial population genetics.
Characterization of the Streptococcus mutans
SMU.1703c-SMU.1702c
Operon Reveals Its Role in Riboflavin Import and Response to Acid Stress
Authors: Turner Matthew E. , Huynh Khanh , Carroll Ronan K. , Ahn Sang-Joon , Rice Kelly C.
Published: October 2020

Dental caries form when acid produced by oral bacteria erodes tooth enamel. This process is driven by the fermentative metabolism of cariogenic bacteria, most notably
Streptococcus mutans
. Nutrient acquisition is key in the competitive oral cavity, and many organisms have evolved various strategies to procure carbon sources or necessary biomolecules. B vitamins, such as riboflavin, which many oral streptococci must scavenge from the oral environment, are necessary for survival within the competitive oral cavity. However, the primary mechanism and proteins involved in this process remain uncharacterized. This study is important because it identifies a key step in
S. mutans
riboflavin acquisition and cofactor generation, which may enable the development of novel anticaries treatment strategies via selective targeting of metabolite transporters.
Complementary Tendencies in the Use of Regulatory Elements (Transcription Factors, Sigma Factors, and Riboswitches) in Bacteria and Archaea
Authors: Chávez Joselyn , Devos Damien P. , Merino Enrique
Published: October 2020

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the relative frequencies of the primary regulatory elements in bacteria and archaea, namely, transcription factors, sigma factors, and riboswitches. In bacteria, we reveal a compensatory behavior for transcription factors and sigma factors, meaning that in phylogenetic groups in which the relative number of transcription factors was low, we found a tendency for the number of sigma factors to be high and vice versa. For most of the phylogenetic groups analyzed here, except for
Firmicutes
and
Tenericutes
, a clear relationship with other mechanisms was not detected for transcriptional riboswitches, suggesting that their low frequency in most genomes does not constitute a significant impact on the global variety of transcriptional regulatory elements in prokaryotic organisms.
Bacteriophage SP01 Gene Product 56 Inhibits Bacillus subtilis Cell Division by Interacting with FtsL and Disrupting Pbp2B and FtsW Recruitment
Authors: Bhambhani Amit , Iadicicco Isabella , Lee Jules , Ahmed Syed , Belfatto Max , Held David , Marconi Alexia , Parks Aaron , Stewart Charles R. , Margolin William , Levin Petra Anne , Haeusser Daniel P.
Published: October 2020

Studies over the past decades have identified bacteriophage-encoded factors that interfere with host cell shape or cytokinesis during viral infection. The phage factors causing cell filamentation that have been investigated to date all act by targeting FtsZ, the conserved prokaryotic tubulin homolog that composes the cytokinetic ring in most bacteria and some groups of archaea. However, the mechanisms of several phage factors that inhibit cytokinesis, including gp56 of bacteriophage SP01 of
Bacillus subtilis
, remain unexplored. Here, we show that, unlike other published examples of phage inhibition of cytokinesis, gp56 blocks
B. subtilis
cell division without targeting FtsZ. Rather, it utilizes the assembled FtsZ cytokinetic ring to localize to the division machinery and to block recruitment of proteins needed for septal cell wall synthesis.
The Cryptic Plastid of
Euglena longa
Defines a New Type of Nonphotosynthetic Plastid Organelle
Authors: Füssy Zoltán , Záhonová Kristína , Tomčala Aleš , Krajčovič Juraj , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Oborník Miroslav , Eliáš Marek
Published: October 2020

Colorless plastids incapable of photosynthesis evolved in many plant and algal groups, but what functions they perform is still unknown in many cases. Here, we study the elusive plastid of
Euglena longa
, a nonphotosynthetic cousin of the familiar green flagellate
Euglena gracilis
. We document an unprecedented combination of metabolic functions that the
E. longa
plastid exhibits in comparison with previously characterized nonphotosynthetic plastids. For example, and truly surprisingly, it has retained the synthesis of tocopherols (vitamin E) and a phylloquinone (vitamin K) derivative. In addition, we offer a possible solution of the long-standing conundrum of the presence of the CO
2
-fixing enzyme RuBisCO in
E. longa
. Our work provides a detailed account on a unique variant of relic plastids, the first among nonphotosynthetic plastids that evolved by secondary endosymbiosis from a green algal ancestor, and suggests that it has persisted for reasons not previously considered in relation to nonphotosynthetic plastids.
Assessing the value of human papillomavirus vaccination in Gavi-eligible low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Ochalek Jessica , Abbas Kaja , Claxton Karl , Jit Mark , Lomas James
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Estimating the value of providing effective healthcare interventions in a country requires an assessment of whether the improvement in health outcomes they offer exceeds the improvement in health that would have been possible if the resources required had, instead, been made available for other healthcare activities in that country. This potential alternative use of the same resources represents the health opportunity cost of providing the intervention. Without such assessments, there is a danger that blanket recommendations made by international organisations will lead to the adoption of healthcare interventions that are not cost effective in some countries, even given existing donor mechanisms intended to support their affordability.

Methods

We assessed the net health impact to 46 Gavi-eligible countries of achieving one of the WHO’s proposed 90-70-90 targets for cervical cancer elimination, which includes 90% coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among girls by 15 years of age, using published estimates of the expected additional benefits and costs in each country and estimates of the marginal productivity of each healthcare system. We calculated the maximum price each country could afford to pay for HPV vaccination to be cost effective by assessing the net health impact that would be expected to be generated at different potential prices.

Results

At Gavi negotiated prices, HPV vaccination offers net health benefits across most Gavi-eligible countries included in this study. However, if Gavi-eligible countries faced the average price faced by non-Gavi eligible countries, providing HPV vaccination would result in reduced overall population health in most countries.

Conclusion

Estimates of the net health impact of providing a healthcare intervention can be used to assess the benefit (or lack of) to countries of adhering to global guidance, inform negotiations with donors, as well as pricing negotiations and the value of developing new healthcare interventions.
Disulfonated xantphos for mass spectrometric mechanistic analysis
Authors: Paul Mathias , Laketic Katarina , McIndoe J. Scott
Published: October 2020

Xantphos is a wide bite angle bisphosphine ligand that finds wide application in catalysis. Tracking its behavior during reactions under realistic reaction conditions can be difficult at low concentrations, and although electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is effective at real-time monitoring of catalytic reactions, it can only observe ions. Accordingly, we experimented with the dianionic disulfonated version of xantphos as a charged tag for mechanistic analysis. It proved to behave exactly as hoped, providing good intensity and enabled the direct study of both an initial binding event (to copper, very fast) and a subsequent transfer to another metal (palladium). Its dianionic nature makes it especially promising for the study of reactions in which metals change charge state, because a cationic metal complex with an anionic ligand is an invisible zwitterion, whereas a dianionic ligand would instead make the same cationic complex appear due to the overall charge of −1. As such, disulfonated xantphos holds genuine promise as a mechanistic probe in real time analysis using mass spectrometry.
Hydrogen atom transfer rates from Tp-containing metal-hydrides to trityl radicals
Authors: Vibbert Hunter B. , Neugebauer Hagen , Norton Jack R. , Hansen Andreas , Bursch Markus , Grimme Stefan
Published: October 2020

The H• transfer rate constants for a series of group 6 molybdenum and tungsten pyrazolyl borate complexes are described. The rate constants for these complexes were found to span a range over 1 magnitude. Analysis of the H• transfer rate constants suggests that a combination of steric, electronic, and enthalpic factors are important in these reactions. Further analysis of the components suggests that the generated 17 e– radicals of these complexes are less electrophilic than the more commonly used CpCr(CO)3H complexes. General implications for H• transfer reactions are discussed.
Building on the last “new” thing: exploring the compatibility of ecological and adaptation silviculture
Authors: D’Amato Anthony W. , Palik Brian J.
Published: October 2020

Sustaining the structure, function, and services provided by forest ecosystems in the face of changing climate and disturbance regimes represents a grand challenge for forest managers and policy makers. To address this challenge, a range of adaptation approaches have been proposed centered on conferring ecosystem resilience and adaptive capacity; however, considerable uncertainty exists regarding how to translate these broad and often theoretical adaptation frameworks to on-the-ground practice. Complicating this issue has been movement away, in some cases, from other recent advances in forest management, namely ecological silviculture strategies that often focus on restoration. In this paper, we highlight the areas of compatibility and conflict between these two frameworks by reviewing the four principles of ecological silviculture (continuity, complexity and diversity, timing, and context) from the perspective of global change adaptation. We conclude that given many commonalities between the outcomes of ecological silviculture and conditions conferring adaptive capacity, the four principles remain a relevant starting point for guiding operationalization of often theoretical adaptation strategies.
Quantum footprints of Liouville integrable systems
Authors: Vũ Ngọc San
Published: October 2020

We discuss the problem of recovering geometric objects from the spectrum of a quantum integrable system. In the case of one degree of freedom, precise results exist. In the general case, we report on the recent notion of good labelings of asymptotic lattices.
Vacuum Brans–Dicke theory in the Jordan and Einstein frames: Can they be distinguished by lensing?
Authors: Izmailov Ramil N. , Karimov Ramis Kh. , Potapov Alexander A. , Nandi Kamal K.
Published: October 2020

Vacuum Brans-Dicke (BD) theory continues to receive widespread attention since it is consistent with solar and cosmological experiments. The theory can be self-consistently described in two frames, the Jordan frame (JF) and the conformally rescaled Einstein frame (EF), the transformations providing an easy passage from one frame to the other at the level of actions and solutions. While coordinate transformations do not change curvature properties, conformal transformations do change them leading to corresponding changes in the numerical values of observables. A previous article by Bhadra et al.[Formula: see text] did exemplify this change between JF and EF using the diagnostic of second-order light deflection. This important work leaves room for further improvements on two points, which we do here. First, the measurement of second-order effect faced technically unsurmountable difficulties even around the Sun, hence actually abandoned. Second, the comparison of quantitative values between JF and EF should be based on a common value of [Formula: see text] connecting the two frames. Keeping these in mind, we investigate a technically easier diagnostic, viz., the weak field lensing (WFL) and compare the quantitative changes at common [Formula: see text] to show that the two frames can indeed be distinguished by lensing experiments. Specifically, the predictions of light deflection, image position, total magnification and magnification factor are computed in the EF and compared with those recently obtained (by Gao et al.[Formula: see text]) directly in the JF BD class I solution. The use of the value of BD coupling constant [Formula: see text], suggested by the Cassini spacecraft solar experiment, reveals that an exceptionally high degree of accuracy is needed to experimentally rule out one or the other frame by means of WFL measurements.
A cohomological gravity in D = 11
Authors: Yu Feng
Published: October 2020

A [Formula: see text] cohomological gravity is introduced. The central piece is a new BRST-like symmetry [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] up to a diffeomorphism and gauge symmetry. The only nontrivial observable of this symmetry is a Chern–Simons integral. The construction of the symmetry requires a spin 0 fermion [Formula: see text] and a spin [Formula: see text] boson [Formula: see text] at the minimum, in addition to the standard gravity and gauge fields, to close the algebra off-shell. The gravity action is uniquely determined by requiring a field redefinition type of global symmetry between bosonic and fermionic fields. It is of a simple form [Formula: see text] plus a Chern–Simons term, and appears as the [Formula: see text] supergravity action under a special combination of the fields without independent presence of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-invariant path-integral measure, which is also invariant under the global symmetry, is shown to exist for the theory to be valid at quantum level. It achieves only when the fields are redefined under certain combination that is different from the special combination, and the fields in this combination are interpreted as physical fields. At [Formula: see text] limit, where all field combinations converges, the theory reduces to [Formula: see text] supergravity and the global symmetry becomes the local supersymmetry with [Formula: see text] as the local variable. At a nonvanishing [Formula: see text] limit set by residue symmetries upon broken [Formula: see text]-symmetry, the theory admits a cosmological solution that has a wavy term to allow accelerated expansion of the universe while not violate null energy condition.
Logarithmic enhancements in conformal perturbation theory and their real time interpretation
Authors: Berenstein David , Miller Alexandra
Published: October 2020

We study various corrections of correlation functions to leading order in conformal perturbation theory, both on the cylinder and on the plane. Many problems on the cylinder are mathematically equivalent to those in the plane if we give the perturbations a position dependent scaling profile. The integrals to be done are then similar to those in the study of correlation functions with one additional insertion at the center of the profile. We will be primarily interested in the divergence structure of these corrections when computed in dimensional regularization. In particular, we show that the logarithmic divergences (enhancements) that show up in the plane under these circumstances can be understood in terms of resonant behavior in time dependent perturbation theory, for a transition between states that is induced by an oscillatory perturbation on the cylinder.
Hollow core photonic crystal fiber for chemicals sensing in liquid analytes: Design and analysis
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rakibul , Mou Farhana Akter , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Hassan Bhuiyan Mohammed Imamul
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based THz chemicals sensor has been presented. Hexagonal shaped hollow core and symmetrical hexagonal air lattices have been used in the cladding section to construct the PCF geometry. The developed PCF-based chemical sensor yields high performance in ethanol, methanol, water and benzene detection in targeted liquid samples in the THz regime, which is nearly 99% at 3 THz. Additionally, it reveals very negligible losses in both polarization modes. In addition, it renders significant improvement in different sensing properties like effective area, effective refractive index, numerical aperture (NA), nonlinear coefficient, spot size and beam divergences because of strategic geometrical arrangements. The performance of the proposed PCF sensor is numerically investigated and designed by COMSOL software v.5.3a. Fabrication feasibility of developed geometry is also stated here.
Dispersive optical solitons for the Schrödinger–Hirota equation in optical fibers
Authors: Huang Wen-Tao , Zhou Cheng-Cheng , Lü Xing , Wang Jian-Ping
Published: October 2020

Under investigation in this paper is the dynamics of dispersive optical solitons modeled via the Schrödinger–Hirota equation. The modulation instability of solutions is firstly studied in the presence of a small perturbation. With symbolic computation, the one-, two-, and three-soliton solutions are obtained through the Hirota bilinear method. The propagation and interaction of the solitons are simulated, and it is found the collision is elastic and the solitons enjoy the particle-like interaction properties. In the end, the asymptotic behavior is analyzed for the three-soliton solutions.
Whither Chinese Market Socialism?
Authors: CHEN KANG
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to shed light on where China’s reform process is heading by tracing the trajectory of its market-oriented reforms. It shows that Chinese market socialism is facing a dilemma. Developing the capital market and hardening local government budget constraints which are necessary for the structural adjustment of the economy would require China to go beyond the limits of market socialism. Focusing on socialist values and ideology might gain more political traction for the party but could also seriously change the political climate and trigger an unorganized collective action among government officials that unleashes massive bureaucratic interventions and destroys the market’s vitality.
Flow Noise Spectrum Analysis for Vertical Line Array During Descent in Deep Water
Authors: Huang Chunlong , Li Hui , Li Nansong
Published: October 2020

Reliable acoustic path (RAP) is a direct path used for sound propagation between a shallow source and a deep receiver in deep water. The RAP environment can provide a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment for source localization, so it has been widely studied for underwater passive detection. Active detection can be used for source localization during the descent of a vertical line array (VLA). However, the flow noise originating from the pressure fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) during the descent degrades the detection performance of the VLA. This paper presents a calculation of the response of the cylindrical hydrophones to axisymmetric turbulent wall pressure and the physical properties of flow noise. The flow noise was calculated using the wavenumber-frequency spectrum analysis method, which is based on Carpenter’s TBL pressure spectrum. The results show that the energy of the flow noise is concentrated mainly in low frequencies and it increases and spreads toward high frequencies with increasing stream velocity. The conclusions have been verified with experimental data. In addition, the noise correlation between two hydrophones will undergo oscillatory decay as the hydrophone spacing increases. The above findings will be beneficial for signal processing of an active sonar array.
Two Successful Deliveries after 6 and 13 Years from 10 Oocytes Vitrified for Fertility Preservation in a Then 20-Year-Old Patient with PH-Positive Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
Authors: Nakamura Yusuke , Hattori Hiromitsu , Nakajo Yukiko , Okuyama Noriyuki , Aono Nobuya , Takeshige Yuya , Sakamoto Eri , Sato Kanako , Ota Momoe , Koizumi Masae , Toya Mayumi , Igarashi Hideki , Hashimoto Tomoko , Kyono Koichi
Published: October 2020

Oocyte vitrification is one of the methods for preserving fertility of cancer patients. In 2013, we reported a successful live birth using cryopreserved oocytes from a patient who contracted Ph-positive acute lymphoid leukemia at the retrieval age of 20. In this report, we described a second live birth from the same patient. The patient visited our clinic in November 2018 hoping to utilize vitrified oocytes cryopreserved in 2007. As a result, a day 3 single eight-cell stage embryo was transferred in a hormone replacement therapy cycle. She became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy girl (2,740 g) in September 2019. This is a case report of two live births from 10 matured oocytes that had been preserved for 12 years.
Human-computer Coalition Formation in Weighted Voting Games
Authors: Mash Moshe , Fairstein Roy , Bachrach Yoram , Gal Kobi , Zick Yair
Published: October 2020

This article proposes a negotiation game, based on the weighted voting paradigm in cooperative game theory, where agents need to form coalitions and agree on how to share the gains. Despite the prevalence of weighted voting in the real world, there has been little work studying people’s behavior in such settings. This work addresses this gap by combining game-theoretic solution concepts with machine learning models for predicting human behavior in such domains. We present a five-player online version of a weighted voting game in which people negotiate to create coalitions. We provide an equilibrium analysis of this game and collect hundreds of instances of people’s play in the game. We show that a machine learning model with features based on solution concepts from cooperative game theory (in particular, an extension of the Deegan-Packel Index) provide a good prediction of people’s decisions to join coalitions in the game. We designed an agent that uses the prediction model to make offers to people in this game and was able to outperform other people in an extensive empirical study. These results demonstrate the benefit of incorporating concepts from cooperative game theory in the design of agents that interact with people in group decision-making settings.
Modeling CPS Swarms
Authors: Schranz M. , Sende M. , Bagnato A. , Brosse E. , Eckel A.
Published: October 2020

Swarms of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) find their application in many domains. Smart traffic is a very prominent application increasingly taking advantage of the self-organizing capabilities of swarms. In this paper we se and extend existing models from libraries designed for CPS swarm behavior that we proposed in other publications.
Photonuclear and Two-Photon Interactions at High-Energy Nuclear Colliders
Authors: Klein Spencer R. , Steinberg Peter
Published: October 2020

Ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of heavy ions and protons are the energy frontier for electromagnetic interactions. Both photonuclear and two-photon collisions are studied at collision energies that are far higher than those available elsewhere. In this review, we discuss physics topics that can be addressed with UPCs, including nuclear shadowing, nuclear structure, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.
The Search for Electroweakinos
Authors: Canepa Anadi , Han Tao , Wang Xing
Published: October 2020

In this review, we consider a general theoretical framework for fermionic color-singlet states—including a singlet, a doublet, and a triplet under the Standard Model SU(2)L gauge symmetry, corresponding to the bino, higgsino, and wino in supersymmetric theories—generically dubbed electroweakinos for their mass eigenstates. Depending on the relations among these states’ three mass parameters and their mixing after the electroweak symmetry breaking, this sector leads to a rich phenomenology that may be accessible in current and near-future experiments. We discuss the decay patterns of electroweakinos and their observable signatures at colliders, review the existing bounds on the model parameters, and summarize the current statuses of the comprehensive searches by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider. We also comment on the prospects for future colliders. An important feature of the theory is that the lightest neutral electroweakino can be identified as a weakly interacting massive particle cold dark matter candidate. We take into account the existing bounds on the parameters from the dark matter direct detection experiments and discuss the complementarity of the electroweakino searches at colliders.
Tackling acid-base disorders, one Twitter poll at a time
Authors: Rein Joshua L. , Sparks Matthew A. , Hilburg Rachel , Farouk Samira S.
Published: October 2020

Understanding and interpretation of acid-base disorders is an important clinical skill that is applicable to the majority of physicians. Although this topic is taught early in medical school, acid-base disturbances have been described as challenging by postgraduate trainees. We describe the use of Twitter, an online microblogging platform, to augment education in acid-base disturbances by using polls in which the user is shown laboratory values and then asked to select the most likely etiology of the disorder. The answer and a brief explanation are then shared in a subsequent tweet. Both polling questions and answers are shared from the account for the online, mobile-optimized, nephrology teaching tool NephSIM ( https://www.nephsim.com/ ). An anonymous survey was administered to assess attitudes toward these polls. Using Twitter as an approach to enhance teaching of acid-base disturbances was both feasible and an engaging way to teach a challenging topic for trainees and physicians. Moreover, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated the importance of incorporating virtual learning opportunities in all levels of medical education.
Spatial Spillover Effect of Financial Flexibility on Investment in China’s Convention and Exhibition Listed Companies
Authors: Liu Xiaoqun , Yu Liuchun , Zhang Yuchen , Chao Youcong
Published: October 2020

Financial flexibility is an important research issue in corporate finance. This paper utilizes the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to analyze the impact of financial flexibility on the investment of Convention and Exhibition companies listed on the New Third Board from 2014 to 2016. The empirical results show the following. Firstly, the greater the financial flexibility, the more investment the firm will make. Secondly, the enhancement in financial flexibility would lead to an increase in investment of companies in the Convention and Exhibition industry in the local provinces, indicating that the financial flexibility has a significant positive intraregional spatial spillover effect on investment. On the other hand, financial flexibility has spatial spillover effects, and its rise will reduce the investment in other provinces, which could be explained by the competition effect between enterprises. Overall, we have further elucidated the role of different levels of financial flexibility on the investment of the Convention and Exhibition listed enterprises from the spatial dimension, thereby enriching the existing research on corporate financial flexibility and corporate value to some certain extent.