bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct and interactive effects of occupational stress and coping on ulcer‐like symptoms among Chinese male off‐shore oil workers
Authors: Chen Wei‐Qing , Wong Tze‐Wai , Yu Tak‐Sun
Published: March 2009

Background

Off‐shore oil production is widely regarded as a stressful occupation and digestive system problems were commonly observed in off‐shore oil workers. Is occupational stress from off‐shore oil work associated with the occurrence of digestive problems among off‐shore oil workers? And are coping styles also related to their occurrence? The aim of this study was to explore the direct and interactive association of occupational stress and coping styles with ulcer‐like symptoms in Chinese male off‐shore oil workers.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 561 Chinese male off‐shore oil workers. They were invited to fill in a self‐administered questionnaire exploring their socio‐demographic characteristics, occupational stress, coping style, and ulcer‐like symptoms. A stepwise multiple regression procedure was used to assess the direct and interactive effects of occupational stress and coping behaviors on ulcer‐like symptoms.

Results

After controlling for age, educational level, marital status and years of off‐shore working, the ulcer‐like symptoms were significantly positively associated with occupational stress and “internal behavior” coping methods, negatively associated with external/social behavior coping methods, and positively associated with the interaction between occupational stress and internal behavior coping.

Conclusion

The results of the present study suggest that occupational stress was associated with gastric health problems and that this association might be moderated by certain coping behaviors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:500–508, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of partially overlapping de novo deletions across an autism susceptibility region (AUTS5) in two unrelated individuals affected by developmental delays with communication impairment
Authors: Newbury Dianne F. , Warburton Pamela C. , Wilson Natalie , Bacchelli Elena , Carone Simona ,   The International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMGSAC), Lamb Janine A. , Maestrini Elena , Volpi Emanuela V. , Mohammed Shehla , Baird Gillian , Monaco Anthony P.
Published: March 2009

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and interests. Previous genetic studies of autism have shown evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2q, 3q, 7q, 11p, 16p, and 17q. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder have limited the success of candidate gene studies. It is estimated that 5% of the autistic population carry structural chromosome abnormalities. This article describes the molecular cytogenetic characterization of two chromosome 2q deletions in unrelated individuals, one of whom lies in the autistic spectrum. Both patients are affected by developmental disorders with language delay and communication difficulties. Previous karyotype analyses described the deletions as [46,XX,del(2)(q24.1q24.2)dn]. Breakpoint refinement by FISH mapping revealed the two deletions to overlap by approximately 1.1Mb of chromosome 2q24.1, a region which contains just one gene—potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3 (KCNJ3). However, a mutation screen of this gene in 47 autistic probands indicated that coding variants in this gene are unlikely to underlie the linkage between autism and chromosome 2q. Nevertheless, it remains possible that variants in the flanking genes may underlie evidence of linkage at this locus. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body fat excess and stimulated growth hormone levels in adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Grugni Graziano , Crinò Antonino , Bertocco Paride , Marzullo Paolo
Published: March 2009

It has been suggested that reduced GH secretion in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) may simply reflect their excessive fat body mass. However, the GH response to standard provocative tests is significantly lower in PWS adults than obese controls with similar body mass index (BMI). Nevertheless, BMI is an inadequate measure of body composition, because PWS harbor a higher percentage of fat body mass (FM%) than simple obesity, under the same degree of weight excess. This study evaluated either the GH response to combined GHRH + arginine administration and the FM%, by DEXA, in 11 PWS adults (8 females, aged 20.1–41.1 years, BMI 43.6 ± 1.8, FM% 53.0 ± 1.5), in comparison to those obtained in 10 patients with essential obesity (8 females, aged 23.5–45.8 years), matched for BMI and FM% (42.9 ± 0.4 and 51.5 ± 1.0, respectively). Moreover, IGF‐I levels were measured in both groups. The GH response to GHRH + arginine was significantly lower in PWS patients (GH peak 5.4 ± 1.3 µg/L; area under the curve (AUC) 311.2 ± 72.5 µg/L/hr) than obese controls (GH peak 21.0 ± 4.1 µg/L,P < 0.005; AUC 1241.1 ± 272.8 µg/L/hr;P < 0.01), as well as IGF‐I values (110.5 ± 16.7 µg/L vs. 242.1 ± 31 µg/L,P < 0.005). The GHRH + arginine induced GH rise in patients with del15q11‐q13 was significantly higher than subjects with UPD15 (GH peak 7.7 ± 1.7 µg/L vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 µg/L,P < 0.05; AUC 458.5 ± 91.0 µg/L/hr vs. 134.4 ± 46.0 µg/L/hr,P < 0.02). These findings suggested that stimulated GH levels are significantly lower in PWS adults when compared to obese controls and that GH response to GHRH + arginine is different in PWS individuals having separate genetic subtypes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An intergenerational contraction of a fully penetrant Huntington disease allele to a reduced penetrance allele: Interpretation of results and significance for risk assessment and genetic counseling
Authors: Nahhas Fatimah , Garbern James , Feely Shawna , Feldman Gerald L.
Published: March 2009

We report on a healthy 50‐year‐old woman who sought predictive testing due to a family history of Huntington disease (HD). Her 73‐year‐old mother had recently been confirmed to carry an HD allele of 42 CAG repeats, and started to show symptoms of HD at age 68. Clinically diagnosed HD is present in the maternal grandfather, maternal uncle, and three maternal cousins. Molecular analysis of the HD CAG repeat region identified an allele with 38 CAG repeats in the consultand, giving evidence of allele size contraction from the maternal 42 CAG repeat allele. Mitotic stability of the CAG repeat was demonstrated in DNA from a skin sample with the same allele size (38). In addition to sex of the parent and size of the repeat, recent data analysis of intergenerational stability of the CAG repeat size suggest a gender effect of the offspring on the likelihood of allele contraction or expansion. Discussion of these results with this patient presented challenges in providing appropriate risk assessment for developing the disease herself as well as the future risk to her offspring. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die Synthese von naturstoffinspirierten Verbindungsbibliotheken
Authors: Kumar Kamal , Waldmann Herbert
Published: March 2009

Der Natur abgeschaut: Die Entwicklung vielstufiger stereoselektiver Synthesen eröffnet den Zugang zu naturstoffinspirierten Verbindungsbibliotheken mit carbo‐, oxa‐ und azacyclischen Gerüststrukturen, die vielversprechende Quellen für neue Reagentien in der medizinischen Chemie und der chemischen Biologie sind. Das Bild zeigt eine Sammlung von naturstoffinspirierten Molekülen (blau) mit ihren zugrundeliegenden Naturstoffen (gelb).

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Naturstoffe und ihre Derivate und Analoga gehören zu den wichtigsten Quellen neuer Wirkstoffkandidaten und Reagentien für die chemische Biologie und medizinische Chemie. Hieraus leitet sich ein großer Bedarf an effizienten Synthesemethoden ab, die einen Zugang zu naturstoffabgeleiteten oder ‐inspirierten Verbindungsbibliotheken ermöglichen. Um solche Verfahren entwickeln und anwenden zu können, ist es erforderlich, die vielstufigen stereoselektiven Synthesemethoden, wie sie für Naturstoffsynthesen charakteristisch sind, auf die Verfahrensweisen beim Aufbau von Verbindungsbibliotheken zu übertragen und entsprechend anzupassen. Neue Entwicklungen bei der Synthese naturstoffinspirierter Bibliotheken aus carbocyclischen und heterocyclischen Gerüststrukturen zeigen klar auf, dass dieses Ziel erreicht werden kann. Die bereits erzielten Fortschritte haben den Weg für die Einbeziehung naturstoffinspirierter Verbindungsbibliotheken in die medizinische Chemie und die biochemische Forschung geebnet.
Finite difference solution for radiative–conductive heat transfer of a semitransparent polycarbonate layer
Authors: Safavisohi Babak , Sharbati Ehsan , Aghanajafi Cyrus , Firoozabadi Seyed Reza Khatami
Published: March 2009

Thermal radiation greatly affects the transient thermal response of translucent materials in many practical applications, such as radiative heat shields and ignition and flame spreads for translucent plastics. However, because of the complexities that transients impose, less work has been done on the transient analysis of combined radiation–conduction heat transfer than on steady‐state analysis. In this study, the transient heat transfer analysis of a polycarbonate (PC) layer was done with the use of the two‐flux method and implicit finite difference formulations. The radiative and conductive properties of PC available in the literature, together with computer implementation prepared on the basis of the two‐flux method and implicit finite difference formulations, were used to obtain the transient thermal response of a PC layer. On the basis of these results, we show that, compared to the conduction‐alone case, the PC layer responded faster when radiation effects were considered. It is also shown that the internal reflectivity of boundaries had a great effect on the thermal response of the layer, whereas the thermal conductivity had a minor influence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of unsaturated polyesters based on the aminolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Elsaeed Shimaa M. , Farag Reem K.
Published: March 2009

The depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) via an aminolysis process was studied. An excess of ethanol amine in the presence of sodium acetate as a catalyst was used to produce bis(2‐hydroxyl ethylene) terephthalamide (BHETA). Unsaturated polyester (UP) resins were obtained by the reaction of BHETA with different long‐chain dibasic acids such as decanedioic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid in conjunction with maleic anhydride as a source of unsaturation. The chemical structure of the UP resins was confirmed by 1H‐NMR. The vinyl ester resins were used as crosslinking agents for UP. The curing behavior and mechanical properties of the UP resins with vinyl ester were evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 25 to 55°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermostimulative shape‐memory effect of reactive compatibilized high‐density polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends by an ethylene–butyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer
Authors: Li Shu‐Cai , Lu Li‐Nong , Zeng Wei
Published: March 2009

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends were prepared by means of melt extrusion with ethylene–butyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EBAGMA) as a reactive compatibilizer. The effects of the EBAGMA and PET contents, recovery temperature, and stretch ratio on the thermostimulative shape‐memory behavior of the blends were studied. The results show that the addition of EBAGMA to the HDPE/PET blends obviously improved the compatibility and the shape‐memory effects of the blends. The response temperature was determined by the melting point of HDPE, and the shape‐recovery ratio of the 90/10/5 HDPE/PET/EBAGMA blend reached nearly 100%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Free‐radical solution copolymerization of the ionic liquid monomer 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide with acrylonitrile
Authors: Zhang Guibao , Liu Xiaohui , Li Baixiang , Bai Yungang
Published: March 2009

Ionic liquid monomer 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide (ViEtIM+Br−) was first used to copolymerize with acrylonitrile (AN) successfully under various conditions. This was achieved with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator and dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent. The kinetics of this copolymerization were studied. The values of the monomer apparent reactivity ratios were calculated by the Kelen–Tüdos method. The apparent reactivity ratios of ViEtIM+Br− (rViEtIM+Br−) and AN (rAN) were similar at polymerization conversions of less than 10% (rAN = 0.954, rViEtIM+Br− = 0.976). The copolymers were obtained with high molecular weights and high hydrophilicities. The copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. These copolymers may be potentially useful in the preparation of precursor fibers and carbon fibers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of chain lengths, molecular orientation, and functional groups of thiols adsorbed onto CF surface on interfacial properties of CF/epoxy composites
Authors: He Jinmei , Huang Yudong , Meng Linghui , Cao Hailin , Gu Hongbo
Published: March 2009

In this article, a new treatment method based on molecular self‐assembly on carbon fiber (CF) surface was proposed for obtaining a controlled interface between CF and epoxy matrix in composite system. To form the controlled interfacial region, the surfaces of CF were first metallized by electroless Ag plating, then were reacted with a series of thiols (alkanethiols, aromatic thiol, and heterocyclic thiol) to form self‐assembly (SA) films, which further reacted with epoxy resin to generate a strong adhesion interface. The structure and composition of untreated and treated CF surface were investigated by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. SERS study showed that thiols chemisorbed on Ag‐plated CF in the form of thiolate species via the strong SAg coordinative bond. Moreover, adsorbate orientation of thiols SA films on Ag‐plated CF surfaces was revealed on the basis of SERS selection rules. The XPS study further confirmed the well organized alignment and the chemisorption of thiols. To understand the interfacial adhesion mechanism, the interfacial shear strength of CF/epoxy microcomposites was evaluated by the microbond technique. The results showed that among the parameters such as chain lengths, molecular orientation, and types of functional groups, the chemical nature of functional groups is most important for the improvement of interfacial properties in CF/epoxy composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence properties of lanthanide complexes with poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid)
Authors: Liu Tonghuan , Yang Ying , Duan Guojian , Gao Yaping , Zeng Zhengzhi
Published: March 2009

A series of new complexes of poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) with Ln(III) (Ln = La, Eu, Tb) were synthesized and well characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis, TG‐DTA analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescence determination. The elemental analysis and FTIR studies showed that a large part of carboxylic groups on the side chain of the copolymer are coordinated with Ln(III) ions. The TG‐DTA and DSC analysis results indicated that the complexes have good thermal stability. XRD experiments showed that copolymers and the complexes are amorphous. Among these complexes, Eu(III) complexes and Tb(III) complexes exhibit characteristic fluorescence with comparatively high brightness and good monochromaticity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) molecular weight and Mark‐Houwink equation
Authors: Yuan Youxin , Johnson Frederick , Cabasso Israel
Published: March 2009

The molecular weight, and intrinsic viscosity of polybenzimidazole (PBI) and its phosphonylated derivatives are reported. The relationship between intrinsic viscosity [η] and weight average molecular weight (Mw) for PBI has been established in H2SO4 and DMF‐LiCl. The Mark Houwink constants Kw of 5.2 × 10−3 mL/g, α of 0.92 for H2SO4 solvent systems and, Kw of 3.2 × 10−2 mL/g, α of 0.754 for DMF‐LiCl solvent system have been determined at Mw < 65,000. The intrinsic viscosity of PBI determined by the Huggins–Kraemer method was compared with a single point method, and found that both methods fit well for PBI in relatively low concentration solvent system, giving ∼ 99% accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Biopolishing of cotton fabrics with total cellulases of Trichoderma reesei and optimization using Taguchi methods
Authors: Saravanan D. , Dinesh C. , Karthikeyan S. , Vivekanandan A. , Nalankilli G. , Ramachandran T.
Published: March 2009

Biopolishing of cotton fabrics enhances appearance and handle of the fabrics without compromising on essential properties. Process of biopolishing is influenced by concentration of cellulases, temperature, pH, and duration of treatment, besides the activity levels of enzymes, method of mechanical agitations and construction features of fabrics. Optimization of process parameters, including mechanical agitations and fabric construction features, has been carried out using Taguchi methods followed by analysis of variance and confirmation tests. All the design parameters, used in the study, have predominant influence on weight loss, fabric strength after biopolishing while thickness, bursting strength, abrasion losses, and flexural rigidity of the fabrics were significantly influenced by the concentration of cellulases together with duration of treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Modification of epoxy resins via m‐chloroperbenzoic acid‐epoxidized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Shiren , Qiu Jingjing
Published: March 2009

In this article, epoxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to modify current epoxy resins. The produced epoxy groups on the nanotube surface significantly enriched nanotube chemistry and made them soluble in the organic solvents. Atomic force microscopy characterization indicated that epoxidized nanotubes were well dispersed in the organic solvent and most of them were isolated. Fracture surface of modified epoxy resins suggested that fracture toughness of the modified resins was significantly improved, demonstrating fracture characteristic of typical ductile materials. Epoxidized CNTs‐modified epoxy resins demonstrated a 50% increase in the Young's modulus, 32% improvement in the tensile strength with 1 wt % loading. This study provides an effective way to synthesize novel epoxy resins. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Application of different analytical methods used in the study of the cross‐linking of resins in intermediate‐product used in manufacturing of abrasive articles
Authors: Jurga Jan , Voelkel Adam , Strzemiecka Beata
Published: March 2009

Determining the degree of the crosslinking of resins in intermediate‐product used in the manufacturing of abrasive articles is difficult and complicated because of the presence of different components in the material. The abrasive articles consist of abrasive (e.g., fused alumina), filler (e.g., potassium fluoroborate–KBF4, pyrite–FeS2), wetting agent (e.g., resol), and binder (e.g., novolak). Proper hardening of intermediate‐product is a very important stage during production of abrasive tools. The hardening process depends on crosslinking of resins. Following were used to study crosslinking of resins: IGC, washing away method, NMR broad line, DSC, and FTIR methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Studies on the phase structure, mechanical, rheological properties, and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the PEN/SCF composites
Authors: Zheng Li‐Juan , Qi Jian‐Gang , Liu Dan , Zhou Wen‐Feng
Published: March 2009

Short carbon fiber reinforced poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) composites (PEN/SCF) were prepared by twin‐screw extruder. The structure, mechanical, rheological properties, and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscope, universal tester, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results suggest that there is better interaction between SCF and PEN matrix, which leads to an increase in the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and impact strength of the composites with proper contents of SCF. Rheological behavior of the PEN/SCF composites melt is complicated, combining a dilate fluid at lower shear rate and a pseudoplastic fluid at higher shear rate. Moreover, the flow activation energy of the composites suggests that the melt with more SCF has higher sensitivity to the processing temperature. In conclusion, the composite with 5–10 wt % content of SCF has better properties. The Avrami equation modified by Jeziorny and Ozawa theory was used, respectively, to fit the primary stage of nonisothermal crystallization of various composites. The Avrami exponents n are evaluated to be 2.6–3.1 for the neat PEN and 3.4–4.8 for PEN/SCF composites, and the SCF served as nucleation agent accelerates the crystallization rate of the composites, and more the content of SCF faster the crystallization rate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mineral filler reinforcement for commingled recycled‐plastic materials
Authors: Putra H. D. , Ngothai Y. , Ozbakkaloglu T. , Seracino R.
Published: March 2009

Three types of mineral fillers, gypsum, wollastonite, and talc, were investigated for their ability to modify the mechanical properties of commingled recycled‐plastic composites containing 0.07–0.26 v/v of filler. Mechanical test results showed that the talc reinforced composites were significantly better in mechanical properties when compared with the gypsum and wollastonite composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that gypsum formed large agglomerates in the matrix. Interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix was evaluated using simple empirical models. To enhance the adhesion, talc, and wollastonite were pretreated with silane coupling agents, 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (γ‐MPS) and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane (γ‐APS). This did not result in any significant improvement to the material properties. The γ‐APS treatment, however, increased the tensile properties of the composites by ∼ 5% when compared with the γ‐MPS treatment. The SEM investigations showed that the γ‐APS treatment provided better adhesion of filler particles and hence voids were less likely to form in the matrix when compared with the γ‐MPS composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Influence of processing conditions in small‐scale melt mixing and compression molding on the resistivity and morphology of polycarbonate–MWNT composites
Authors: Kasaliwal Gaurav , Göldel Andreas , Pötschke Petra
Published: March 2009

Polycarbonate (PC) composites containing 1 wt % multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were produced in a small‐scale DACA microcompounder under variation of mixing temperature and mixing speed at fixed mixing time according to a two‐factor and three‐level factorial design. The extruded strands were compression molded under comparable conditions, and their volume resistivity values indicated differences of about 14 orders of magnitude as well as big differences in the state of MWNT agglomerate dispersion (evaluated as macrodispersion index) are observed. The results indicate that mixing at high melt temperature and high speed can lead to the composites having low resistivity and high dispersion index at low mixing energy input. The influence of compression molding parameters was investigated on precompounded PC composites containing 1 and 2 wt % MWNT. Compression molding parameters such as temperature, time, and speed were varied according to a three‐level and three‐factor factorial design. By adjusting compression molding parameters, the volume resistivity of PC with 1 wt % MWNT composites can be varied over eight orders of magnitude, whereas for 2 wt % MWNT, the variation was within one decade. The electrical volume resistivity results indicate the highest influence of the compression molding temperature followed by time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Batteries and a pinch of salt: A simple toolkit for the production of poly(methylsilyne)
Authors: Eroğlu Damla , Nur Yusuf , Sönmez Umut , Bayram Göknur , Pitcher Michael W. , Toppare Levent K.
Published: March 2009

A simple synthesis of poly(methylsilyne) has been developed. The straightforward polymerization reaction can be accomplished using simply a series of batteries and a very simple electrolyte. Poly(methylsilyne) has previously been shown to be a high‐purity, high‐yield precursor to stoichometric silicon carbide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation and anti‐TMV activity of guanidinylated chitosan hydrochloride
Authors: Hu Ying , Cai Jun , DU Yumin , Lin Jianguo , Wang Changgao , Xiong Kejuan
Published: March 2009

In this study, guanidinylated chitosan hydrochloride (GCH) was synthesized and its structure was characterized by UV–vis and FTIR. The degree of substitution of guanidinylated chitosan was confirmed by elemental analysis. In vitro antiviral activity of guanidinium derivative on local infection and systemic infection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculated were evaluated by semileaf method using different modes of GCH application and antiserum assay. Meanwhile, the morphological characteristic of virus treated by GCH was performed by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that GCH had better antiviral activity than chitosan. The average inhibitory rate of GCH on local infection was 84%, which was much higher than that of chitosan hydrochloride. It was shown that the guanidinylated chitosan was an efficient passivator, and its antiviral effect decreased after mechanical inoculation. The guanidinylated chitosan increased the resistance of plant against TMV and decreased the infection of the virus. The electron microscope photograph exhibited that GCH not only directly altered the configuration of TMV but also congregated and reduced the virus. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of artificial weathering on the mechanical properties of paper‐based materials consolidated with polymeric materials
Authors: Baldin Alice , Gorassini Andrea , Princi Elisabetta , Vicini Silvia , Zappalà Antonio
Published: March 2009

The study of polymer behavior over time represents the crucial stage in the setup of innovative methodologies for paper restoration. In this research, a series of laboratory simulations by accelerated aging and characterization tests by chemical and physical measurements were carried out on paper samples consolidated both by grafting polymerization with acrylic copolymers and by coating with waterborne polyurethanes with the aim of determining their harmlessness and long‐term effectiveness. In this way, our purpose was not only to verify possible risks for the paper materials but also to determine the advantages and potentialities of new restoration methods through an appropriate and essential working plan of investigations. From our evaluation, both the selected consolidation methods appeared unsuitable to be used in paper restoration because of the damage that they could cause on the paper materials because of their limited durability over time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A novel high‐throughput cell‐based method for integrated quantification of type I interferons and in vitro screening of immunostimulatory RNA drug delivery
Authors: Nguyen David N. , Kim Phillip , Martínez‐Sobrido Luis , Beitzel Brett , García‐Sastre Adolfo , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G.
Published: March 2009

A hallmark of immune activation by certain RNA sequences is the generation of interferon responses. However, the study of immunostimulatory RNA (isRNA) has been hindered by costly and slow methods, particularly in vitro. We have developed a cell‐based assay to detect human type I interferon (IFN) that reliably senses both IFN‐α and IFN‐β simultaneously. The human 293T cell line was stably transfected with a fusion gene of monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) under the transcriptional control of an interferon‐stimulated response element (ISRE). High levels of mRFP are expressed following activation of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). Using this method, detection limits for IFN similar to that of ELISA can be achieved but with a greater dynamic range and in a high‐throughput manner. As a proof of concept, we utilized this method to screen a library of cationic lipid‐like materials that form nanoparticle complexes with RNA for induction of innate immune responses in vitro. We expect the screening and detection methods described herein may provide a useful tool in elucidating mechanisms that govern the delivery of RNA molecules to effector cells and receptors of the innate immune system. We apply this tool to investigate isRNA drug delivery, but it may also find use in other applications for which high‐throughput detection of type 1 IFN is desired. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 664–675. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An advanced‐automated system for equipotential field lines mapping utilizing motion control
Authors: See Alex , Leong Ang Jin
Published: March 2009

This article describes an automated system, using LabVIEW for the purpose of experimental investigation of equipotential field lines mapping between two electrodes. This system is meant for undergraduate students in the engineering laboratory. A computer‐based system installed with motion control hardware are utilized to assist in the study of mapping of equipotential field lines using water as a medium in a water tray system with two electrodes apart. The equipotential line profiles are obtained by automatic sampling, locating the spatial positions/points of equivalent potential values and joining these points. Equipotential line profiles for different electrodes configurations can be investigated with this system. This advanced‐automated system is to complement and assists students in understanding fundamental concepts of static electric fields and mapping of equipotential lines profiles for different electrodes configurations. An additional value of such an activity is to provide introduction to remote access capability or teleoperation of equipment to the students. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 171–182, 2011
MNEME: A memory hierarchy simulator for an engineering computer architecture course
Authors: Moreno Lorenzo , González Evelio J. , Popescu Beatrice , Toledo Jonay , Torres Jesús , Gonzalez Carina
Published: March 2009

As in other fields of Engineering, simulators are widely used to teach Memory hierarchy topics. In this paper, a simulator called MNEME (due to the muse of the memory in Greek mythology), which includes a complete vision of memory hierarchy topics, is presented. This simulator has been validated and improved using feedback from students during two academic years. This way, the students have taken part significantly in the MNEME design process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 358–364, 2011
Synthesis and Vanilloid Receptor (TRPV1) Activity of the Enantiomers of α‐Fluorinated Capsaicin
Authors: Winkler Margit , Moraux Thomas , Khairy Hesham A. , Scott Roderick H. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , O'Hagan David
Published: March 2009

Spicing it up with fluorine: Enantiomers of α‐fluorinated capsaicin 2, have been prepared by organocatalytic electrophilic fluorination and have been used as probes for the binding conformation of capsaicin to the TRPV1 pain receptor. No enantiomeric bias is observed, thus suggesting an extended binding conformation along the molecular axis.

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Organofluorosilanes as Model Compounds for 18F‐Labeled Silicon‐Based PET Tracers and their Hydrolytic Stability: Experimental Data and Theoretical Calculations (PET=Positron Emission Tomography)
Authors: Höhne Aileen , Yu Lian , Mu Linjing , Reiher Markus , Voigtmann Ulrike , Klar Ulrich , Graham Keith , Schubiger P. August , Ametamey Simon M.
Published: March 2009

Water stable! Radiochemists have recently discovered silicon chemistry as a tool for the introduction of 18F into biomolecules for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. 18F‐labeled PET tracers must be stable towards defluorination under physiological conditions. Here, a theoretical model of organofluorosilane hydrolysis is developed that correlates with the experimentally determined hydrolytic half‐lives and allows estimation of the stability of newly designed compounds (see scheme).

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Silicon chemistry has only recently been discovered by radiochemists as a straightforward tool for the introduction of 18F into biomolecules for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. 18F‐labeled PET tracers must be stable towards defluorination under physiological conditions, but it is known that the hydrolytic stability of the silicon–fluorine bond is determined by the nature of the substituents on silicon. In the presented study we performed an extensive investigation on the hydrolytic stability of various synthesized organofluorosilane model compounds. By means of density functional theory (DFT) methods a theoretical model of organofluorosilane hydrolysis, which correlates with the experimentally determined hydrolytic half‐lives, is developed. The calculation of the difference of SiF bond lengths between the optimized structures of the starting material A and the intermediate structure C allows the estimation of the hydrolytic stability of newly designed compounds. This model permits the facilitated development of improved building blocks for the synthesis of novel 18F‐silyl‐modified biomolecules for PET imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Preparation and Characterization of Quaternary Thermoelectric Clathrates.
Authors: Christensen Mogens , Johnsen Simon , Soendergaard Martin , Overgaard Jacob , Birkedal Henrik , Iversen Bo B.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Physicochemical Characterization of a Noncentrosymmetric, Quaternary Thiostannate: EuCu2SnS4.
Authors: Aitken Jennifer A. , Lekse Jonathan W. , Yao Jin‐Lei , Quinones Rosalynn
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPO/NaIO4—SiO2: A Catalytic Oxidative Rearrangement of Tertiary Allylic Alcohols to β‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Shibuya Masatoshi , Tomizawa Masaki , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation by Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement: Application to the Syntheses of Seven‐Membered Oxacycles and Six‐Membered Carbocycles.
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Sadaiah Kadivendi , Ramakrishna Duggirala Subrahmanya , Police Naresh , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Bharatam Jagadeesh
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Phosphorus Catalysts for the Halogen‐Exchange (Halex) Reaction.
Authors: Lacour Marie‐Agnes , Zablocka Maria , Duhayon Carine , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Taillefer Marc
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between Alcohols Through sp3 C—H Activation Catalyzed by a Ruthenium/Lewis Acid System.
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Yu , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Fan Chun‐An , Jiang Yi‐Jun , Shi Lei , Cao Ke , Zhang En
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient Catalytic Protocol for Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols Using Acidic Keggin and Wells—Dawson Structures.
Authors: Tayebee Reza
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4‐Dienes.
Authors: Khamri Sonia , Turki Taoufik , Amri Hassen
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Dialkyl Ketones from Methanol and Alkenes Through Directed sp3 C—H Bond Activation of N‐Methylamine.
Authors: Jo Eun‐Ae , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopropylcarboxamides Using s‐BuLi—Sparteine‐Mediated Metallation.
Authors: Lauru Stephanie , Simpkins Nigel S. , Gethin David , Wilson Claire
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of syn‐1,3‐Dinitro Compounds by Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes to Nitroalkenes with a Thiourea Catalyst.
Authors: Rabalakos Constantinos , Wulff William D.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Acetate Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Pentafluorophenylboronic Acid with Amines under an Atmosphere of Oxygen.
Authors: Zhong Weihui , Liu Zhenyu , Yu Chuanming , Su Weike
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated Alkynylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Iodoalkynes: A Facile Synthesis of Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: Srihari P. , Singh Vinay K. , Bhunia Dinesh C. , Yadav J. S.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Palladium/1,10‐Phenanthroline‐Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of Mono‐ and Dinitroarenes to Urethanes in Phosphonium Salt Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Yang Qian , Robertson Al , Alper Howard
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Meldrum′s Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Tetracyanoethylene and Aldehydes in Water: A Novel Approach to Arylidenemalononitrile.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Rezayan Ali Hossein , Heidary Marjan , Sarvary Afshin
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates with Organic Chlorides in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by an Oxime‐Derived Palladacycle.
Authors: Alacid Emilio , Najera Carmen
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable and Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Halides with Arylboronic Acids in Tetra‐n‐butylammonium Bromide.
Authors: Xie Ye‐Xiang , Wang Jian , Li Jin‐Heng , Liang Yun
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Sonogashira Coupling in Amine—Water Solvent Mixtures.
Authors: Komaromi Anna , Laszlo Gergely , Tolnai Laszlo , Novak Zoltan
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy of Bridged Pyrene‐(CH2)n‐Aryl Azide Systems.
Authors: Barabanov Igor I. , Pritchina Elena A. , Takaya Tomohisa , Gritsan Nina P.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Oxygen‐Centered Radical Cyclizations onto Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: Zlotorzynska Maria , Zhai Huimin , Sammis Glenn M.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzofurans Directly from Aryl Halides and ortho‐Bromophenols via One‐Pot Consecutive SNAr and Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl—Aryl Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Xu Hui , Fan Ling‐Ling
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Elemental Sulfur by Electrogenerated Cyanomethyl Anion: Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Aminothiophenes by the Gewald Reaction.
Authors: Feroci Marta , Chiarotto Isabella , Rossi Leucio , Inesi Achille
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of a Lewis Acid in the Nenitzescu Indole Synthesis.
Authors: Velezheva Valeriya S. , Sokolov Andrey I. , Kornienko Albert G. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Mironov Andrey F.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An InCl3‐Catalyzed Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Dispiro[cyclopent‐3′‐ene]bisoxindoles.
Authors: Shanthi Gnanamani , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component, One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted 5‐Arylhydantoins.
Authors: Olimpieri Francesca , Volonterio Alessandro , Zanda Matteo
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 5‐(1‐Hydroxyalkyl)tetrazoles by Catalytic Enantioselective Passerini‐Type Reactions.
Authors: Yue Tao , Wang Mei‐Xiang , Wang De‐Xian , Zhu Jieping
Published: March 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.