bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering plastic gripping mechanism for tension testing of FRP bars
Authors: Basaran Bogachan , Yaka Harun , Kalkan Ilker
Published: June 2020

A new grip adaptor, made of an engineering plastic Cast Polyamide 6 (PA6G), was developed for tension testing of FRP reinforcing bars. The new adaptor offers several advantages over conventional anchors, including the ease of application and reuse, being economical, no need for skilled labor, smaller difference between the hardness of the adaptors and sample. Bars with three different diameters (6, 8 and 12 mm), three types of fiber (Carbon, Glass and Basalt) and four types of surface texture (ribbed, wound, fine-sand coated and coarse-sand coated with widely-spaced wrapping) were tested to failure under uniaxial tension. Two identical bars were tested for each combination of parameters (fiber type, surface texture and bar diameter), one with PA6G and the other with grout-filled steel anchors. The tests indicated that the proposed method was able to ensure FRP bars to reach their tensile capacities and fail by rupture without crushing in the gripping regions and pull-out from the jaws of the testing machine. The modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and ultimate strain values of the bars with PA6G anchors were in rather close agreement with the respective values of specimens with conventional steel anchors. This close agreement, i.e. mostly a difference below 5%, implies the success of the proposed method. Among all tested bars, only the ribbed ones failed in the gripping regions in the presence of both anchors as a result of the limited contact surface (rib area), pointing out the need for the use of longer anchors for ribbed bars.
Culture Moderates the Relationship between Family Obligation Values and the Outcomes of Korean and European American College Students
Authors: Oh Haein , Falbo Toni , Lee Kejin
Published: June 2020

Family obligation values have been described as an important element of collectivistic cultures that are related to the development of positive emotional well-being and motivation in high school and college students. The present study tested the hypothesis that culture moderates the relationship between family obligation values and the outcomes of Korean ( n = 249) and European American ( n = 251) college students. The results provided support for this hypothesis. Specifically, for Koreans, family obligation values were significantly and positively correlated with descriptions of parents as being more supportive of the self-determination of their children, which was found to mediate the relationship between family obligation values and student outcomes. Furthermore, family obligation values were more strongly associated with the motivation, self-esteem, and depression of Koreans than European Americans. European American students expressed lower family obligation values and the intensity of these values were unrelated to their emotional well-being. Family obligation values were positively correlated with reports of self-determined motivation for Korean students, and negatively correlated with reports of self-determined motivation for European American students. The results are discussed in terms of cultural moderation and self-determination theory.
Veterans Health and Well-Being—Collaborative Research Approaches: Toward Veteran Community Engagement
Authors: Franco Zeno , Hooyer Katinka , Ruffalo Leslie , Frey-Ho Fung Rae Anne
Published: June 2020

Veteran community engagement is an evolving discipline informed by traditional community-based participatory research, veteran studies, and veterans themselves. This Special Issue suggests that research collaborations including military veterans, soldiers, and their families as co-researchers is a critical next step toward a designing thinking perspective in social and healthcare systems for this population. This Special Issue was conceptualized through a veteran community-academic partnership formed over a decade ago. We briefly describe the activities of this partnership from 2008 to present in order to frame the praxis considerations within this issue. The partnership hosted several Warrior Summit conferences from 2013 to present, with the last of this series calling for academic contributions. The resulting papers drawn from the conference and other authors form this issue, and include a wide range of topics: Arts- and theater-based interventions for PTSD; engaging veteran college students in higher education; combining strengths of the chaplaincy and psychology to address changes in veteran identity after moral injury; multi-sector community coalitions for veteran reintegration in the US and Canada; veteran volunteering as a reintegration strategy; examining experiences of US military nurses; veteran collaboratively designed mindfulness groups in a VA healthcare system; engaging veterans on Community Advisory Boards; using photovoice to highlight veterans issues; collaborative research on veteran homelessness; veteran self-medication with psychedelics; community engaged addictions research; and collaboratively designing veteran peer support curricula. These projects represent an emerging movement and offer a multidisciplinary roadmap toward assisting and honoring veterans in their transition back into the civilian world.
Reconciling the State and Diffused Autonomy? Political Brokers in Venezuelan Poder popular
Authors: Boni Stefano
Published: June 2020

The most widespread implementation of the autonomous sovereignty of the popular sectors in the socialist policies of Chávez’s Venezuela, known as poder popular (popular power), is the consejo comunal (communal council), a neighborhood assembly that has received sizable state funding to implement self-managed projects ranging from house renovation to local public works and from social events to small-scale productive activities. Examination of the establishment and operation of these councils in Cumaná (Estado Sucre)—their successes and failures, popular involvement and personal corruption—reveals the ambiguous role within them of political brokers employed by local administrations and heading the party’s smallest organizational units and shows how incorporation of forms of direct democracy into larger institutions (the government and the party) hinders the exercise of autonomy.

La implementación más extensa de la soberanía autónoma de los sectores populares en las políticas socialistas de la Venezuela de Chávez, mejor conocida como poder popular, yace en el consejo comunal, un tipo de asamblea vecinal que ha recibido considerables fondos estatales para implementar proyectos autogestionados: desde la renovación de casas hasta obras públicas locales, desde eventos sociales hasta actividades productivas a pequeña escala. Un análisis en torno al establecimiento y funcionamiento de estos consejos en Cumaná, Estado Sucre (sus éxitos y fracasos, participación popular y problemas de corrupción personal) revela el ambiguo rol que dentro de ellos jugaban los agentes políticos empleados por las administraciones locales para encabezar las unidades organizativas más pequeñas del partido. También muestra cómo la incorporación de formas de democracia directa a instituciones más grandes (el gobierno y el partido) obstaculizan el ejercicio de la autonomía.
Training Normal Hearing to Greater Usefulness: A Progress Report
Authors: Norton Fay-Tyler M.
Published: June 2020

There is current widespread interest in the use of hearing by blind individuals for the purpose of better orientation and better mobility. The Office of Vocational Rehabilitation is now supporting at least three hearing projects of major proportions.

The most recent grant was made to C. W. Shilling Auditory Research Center, in Groton, Connecticut. They are equipped with the most modern instrumentation and, according to John Dupress, of the American Foundation for the Blind, they intend to do research which will lead to the identification of auditory cues used by skilled blind travelers. They also intend to design training material for the rehabilitation of blind persons who are not able to travel independently with a cane or a dog. Matching funds for this project have been provided by Seeing Eye, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey.

A second project has been in progress about two years at the Industrial Home for the Blind, in Brooklyn, New York. Their objective is service to blind individuals who are hard of hearing. An excellent description of this project, written by Dr. Moe Bergman, the principal investigator, appeared in the December 1959 issue of the New Outlook.1

In the same issue of the New Outlook there appeared also an introduction to the hearing research project in progress at the Cleveland Society for the Blind.3 Our purpose is to develop methods for training normal hearing of blinded persons to greater usefulness. The following article describes the research further and presents some findings.—F.M.N.
Follow–Up Study of Visually Impaired Students of the Michigan School for the Blind
Authors: Livingston-White Deborah , Utter Catherine , Woodard Queen Esther
Published: June 2020

A study of currently and previously enrolled students at the Michigan School for the Blind was performed in order to assess how well the students’ needs were being met and to investigate the perceptions of parents, local school personnel, and state school personnel concerning programs for students. There was general agreement that past and present placements were appropriate. It was also shown that a higher percentage of students at the state school had access to specialized instruction and aids. Other advantages of the residential situation were specialized curriculum and extracurricular activities, training in living and leisure skills, small classes, and individualized attention.
Predicting Efficiency of Travel in Young, Visually Impaired Children from Their Other Spatial Skills
Authors: Hill Anita , Spencer Christopher , Baybutt Kate
Published: June 2020

The study's objective was to test ways of predicting how efficiently visually impaired children will learn travel skills. A criteria checklist of spatial skills was developed for close-body space, local space, and geographical/travel space Interrelationships between these skills were studied. A comparison was made between predictors of efficient learning including subjective ratings of teachers, personal qualities and factors of children studied, and ratings of individual spatial skills.
Low Vision Care: The Kooyong Experience
Authors: Lawrence Margaret
Published: June 2020

A low vision clinic is being operated at Kooyong, Australia, by the Association for the Blind in conjunction with the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Melbourne and the Victorian College of Optometry. The development and growth of the clinic is described, and its aims, referral procedures, management and administration, ophthalmic services, patient support and future directions are considered. Multi-disciplinary teamwork is seen as essential in providing a comprehensive and effective low vision service.
A Method of Assessing a Visually Impaired Person's Ability to Use a Closed Circuit Television Reading Machine
Authors: Suttie Alan J. , Greenhalgh Robert
Published: June 2020

The following study represents an attempt to devise a more effective means of assessing potential users on closed-circuit television reading machines. It concluded that by establishing corrective values for factors such as age, magnification and working distance used, reliable predictions of reading speed are possible.
Community-Referenced Instruction in a Technological Work Setting: A Vocational Education Option for Visually Handicapped Students
Authors: Storey Keith , Sacks Sharon Zell , Olmstead Jean
Published: June 2020

Using a multiple probe research design, a visually impaired high school student learned a series of operator call tasks in the real work environment as part of a community-based, secondary vocational training program. Over a five-month period the student maintained and generalized ten different telephone calls at high rates of performance. Performance on live telephone call tasks was also high when compared to the office average. The benefits of such a program are described, and emphasize the importance of a functional learning model to prepare visually impaired individuals for successful career opportunities.
Encoding Direction in Manipulatory Space and the Role of Visual Experience
Authors: Barber P.O. , Lederman S.J.
Published: June 2020

Congenitally blind, adventitiously blind, and blindfolded sighted adults made direction estimates of target position within manipulatory space after their index fingers were guided to each target from a neutral starting point. Observers remained seated in the same location throughout the experiment. In a “finger-movement” condition, observers’ fingers were guided to a target location from which they pointed to each of the other targets. In an “imagination” condition, the observers pretended they were at one of the target locations and pointed to the other targets as if they occupied the new target position. Regardless of visual experience, observers in the finger-movement task were more accurate, but only negligibly faster, than in the imagination task. The subjective reports of all groups suggested that cognitive-mapping heuristics were used in both tasks, contrasting with previous results obtained in ambulatory space (Rieser, Guth, & Hill, 1982). The results are considered in the light of a fundamental difference between manipulatory and ambulatory space.
Dance Movement Instruction: Effects on Spatial Awareness in Visually Impaired Elementary Students
Authors: Chin D.L.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study presented here was to investigate the effects of instruction in dance movement on the spatial awareness of visually impaired elementary students. Sixteen visually impaired students were randomly assigned to two groups. Eight students participated in physical education and received no dance instruction. Eight students received dance instruction in addition to physical education. The Hill Performance Test of Selected Positional Concepts was administered before and after the treatment period. An analysis of variance revealed significant main effects. A Scheffé analysis revealed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the group that received dance instruction.
Generic and Specialized Services: Impact on Consumers
Authors: Husveg A.
Published: June 2020

The author presents a brief historical account of the transition in Norway from a system with specialized professionals in unique settings to a generically based system dealing with handicapped populations under general programs. Both positive and negative observations are offered, as well as suggestions for a combination of special services by trained professionals within the current, generic system.
Reassessing Support Groups for Parents of Visually Impaired Children
Authors: Nixon H.L.
Published: June 2020

This article reports on a qualitative study of the psychosocial adjustment of parents of blind and partially sighted children and youths and their perceptions and experiences in parent support groups. Specifically, the study attempted to clarify the types of parents who participate in support groups and the life conditions associated with their involvement. Organizational issues and professional intervention in parent-to-parent support are also discussed.
Placement of Visually Impaired Persons: A Survey of Current Practices
Authors: Miller G. , Rossi P.
Published: June 2020

Agencies offering vocational rehabilitation services for blind and visually impaired clients are involved in job placement using different models in terms of personnel and placement activities. In an effort to obtain information about personnel, types of activities, and other resources, agencies across the nation were surveyed. Using survey findings and available Rehabilitation Services Administration placement data, we noted that agencies employing both rehabilitation counselors and placement specialists were experiencing a higher rate of success than those agencies not employing placement specialists. We propose a model placement program employing both rehabilitation counselors and placement specialists, as well as rehabilitation technologists. Suggestions for model programs are made with an understanding of the pressures faced by the counselors and administrators: large caseloads, clients with multiple handicaps, and financial constraints.
Group Counseling with Blind People: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Johnson C.L.
Published: June 2020

This article critically examines 35 years of literature on group counseling with visually impaired people and points to the lack of methodologically sound research. Several methodological designs yielding interpretable results are presented and suggested for future research.
13 Reasons Why: can a TV show about suicide be ‘dangerous’? What are the moral obligations of a producer?
Authors: Scalvini Marco
Published: June 2020

The release of the Netflix’s show 13 Reasons Why caused significant public concern about the risk of suicide contagion among teenagers – particularly those who have suicidal thoughts. Practitioners and researchers expressed apprehension about the show for its apparent praise of suicide and for allegedly increasing suicide risk among vulnerable teenagers. However, there is a lack of clear evidence for the influence of fictional content on self-harm. Little is known about variations in media effects between news and fiction. The literature focuses mainly on non-fictional media reporting, without making any distinction between individual vulnerability and the type of media portrayal. The present article criticizes the assumption that risk of self-harm is reduced by sanitizing fictional content. The absence of definite scientific evidence is precisely why this article re-addresses the problem through an ethical perspective by focusing on the moral responsibility of Netflix. Censoring fiction may do more harm than good, but producers have the responsibility to evaluate in advance the potential impact that such content has on vulnerable people, and to support viewers as well as parents, educators, and practitioners through an adequate campaign of prevention.
Anxiety in today’s children and young adults
Authors: Kuzujanakis Marianne
Published: June 2020

This paper addresses the growing crisis of anxiety in today’s children and young adults. It further elucidates specifics associated with gifted children and youth. It describes the issues surrounding anxiety, the risk factors, the complications, and known treatment modalities, while offering further treatment and coping suggestions that may be useful in our increasingly stress-filled world.
Property-by-property acquisition of a second language: What transfers, under what conditions, and how does recovery from transfer proceed?
Authors: Ionin Tania
Published: June 2020

This commentary discusses the recent keynote article in Second Language Research by Westergaard (2021), which extends the Micro-cue Model to second language (L2) and third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary comments on such questions as: What makes a given property easy or hard to acquire? How do learners determine similarity? What exactly is the role of UG, on a non-parametric view? And what explains the differences between L1 and L2/subsequent acquisition?
The effect of the AKT1 gene and cannabis use on cognitive performance in healthy subjects
Authors: Fatjó-Vilas M , Soler J , Ibáñez M I , Moya-Higueras J , Ortet G , Guardiola-Ripoll M , Fañanás L , Arias B
Published: June 2020

Background:

Evidence suggests that the AKT1 gene may modulate the degree to which cannabis use induces cognitive alterations in patients with a psychotic disorder.

Aim:

To examine the interplay between AKT1 and cannabis use in terms of the cognitive performance of the general population.

Methods:

Our sample consisted of 389 Spanish university students. Sustained attention was measured via the Continuous Performance Test–Identical Pairs, immediate and delayed verbal memory with the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, and working memory with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Lifetime cannabis use frequency was assessed and individuals were classified as cannabis users or non-users. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the AKT1 gene were genotyped and, according to previous studies, each subject was defined as a carrier of two, one or no copies of the haplotype (rs2494732(C)–rs1130233(A)). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to test the effect of the genetic variability and cannabis use (and their interaction) on cognitive performance.

Results:

An effect of the AKT1 haplotype was found on attention scores: individuals with two copies of the haplotype performed better (β=0.18, p<0.001 (adjusted for false discovery rate)), while neither cannabis nor the AKT1–cannabis interaction was associated with attention. No effect of AKT1, cannabis or the AKT1–cannabis interaction was found on verbal memory or working memory.

Conclusions:

Our study provides additional evidence that AKT1 modulates cognitive performance. However, in our non-clinical sample, the previously reported interaction between cannabis use and the AKT1 gene was not replicated.
Volume computed tomography perfusion as a predictive marker for treatment response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in cervical cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Dong Rui Tong , Dong Yue , Song Qing Ling , Tong Rui , Wang Fei Fei , Yu Tao , Luo YaHong
Published: June 2020

Background

Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) can provide information on blood perfusion as a reliable marker of tumor response to therapy.

Purpose

To assess the role of volume CTP (vCTP) parameters in predicting treatment response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for cervical cancer.

Material and Methods

Thirty-three patients with cervical cancer underwent vCTP. Three CTP parameters of cervical cancer—including arterial flow (AF), blood volume (BV), and permeability surface (PS)—were measured in two different ways: the region of interest incorporating the “local hot” with the highest enhancement and “cold spot” with the lowest enhancement; and “whole-tumor” measurements. The patients were divided into non-residual and residual tumor groups according to the short-term response to treatment. The clinical and perfusion parameters were compared between the two groups.

Results

There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, FIGO stage, pathological grade, or pretreatment tumor size between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The non-residual tumor group had higher pretreatment AF in high-perfusion and low-perfusion subregions than the residual tumor group ( P <0.05), but the AF in whole-tumor regions was not different between the two groups ( P > 0.05). There were no differences in BV and PS between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The diagnostic potency of AF in the low-perfusion subregion was higher than that in the high-perfusion subregion.

Conclusion

vCTP parameters are valuable for the prediction of short-term effects. The AF in the low-perfusion subregion was a more effective index for predicting treatment response to CCRT of cervical cancer.
Integration of Departure Time Choice Modeling and Dynamic Origin–Destination Demand Estimation in a Large-Scale Network
Authors: Shafiei Sajjad , Saberi Meead , Vu Hai L.
Published: June 2020

Time-dependent origin–destination (OD) demand estimation using link traffic data in a large-scale network is a highly underdetermined problem. As a result, providing an accurate initial solution is crucial for obtaining a more reliable estimated demand. In this paper, we discuss the necessity of having a comprehensive demand profiling model that considers the spatial differences of OD pairs and we demonstrate its application in the calibration of large-scale traffic assignment models. First, we apply a departure choice model that adds a time dimension to the OD demand flows concerning their spatial differences. The time-profiled demand is then fed into the time-dependent OD demand estimation problem for further adjustment. Results show that in addition to reducing the error between simulation outputs and the observed link counts, the estimated demand profile more accurately reflects the spatial correlation of the OD pairs in the large-scale network being studied. Results provide practical insights into deployment and calibration of simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment models.
Feasibility, Utility, and Limitations of a Rapid Community Behavioral Diagnosis for Social Distancing During the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Smith Philip H. , Branscum Paul W.
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the feasibility, utility, and limitations of a rapid community behavioral diagnosis (RCBD) for social distancing behaviors to prevent coronavirus transmission during a global coronavirus pandemic.

Design:

Using social media for recruitment, we partnered with a local community task force to administer a brief online survey.

Setting:

Residential urban community.

Sample:

Eighty-four community members, the majority of whom were white, female, college educated completed the survey.

Measures:

Theory of planned behavior constructs: behavioral intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control for 3 social distancing behaviors: maintaining a 6-foot distance, avoiding places people congregate, and staying home as much as possible.

Analysis:

Path analyses were conducted to understand significant determinants of intentions for each behavior to guide the development of locally tailored health promotion messages.

Results:

The RCBD was implemented, and results were communicated to the community within 1 week. Intentions were high across the 3 behaviors but lowest for staying home as much as possible. Younger participants had lower intentions of maintaining a 6-foot distance than older participants. For each behavior, specific recommendations for health promotion messaging emerged based on how attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control related to intentions.

Conclusion:

In a situation where local community action is paramount for reducing coronavirus transmission, this RCBD process is feasible and useful for informing local health promotion.
Experimental and numerical study of the dynamic response of an adhesively bonded automotive structure
Authors: Silva NDD , Machado JJM , Marques EAS , Moreira PMGP , da Silva LFM
Published: June 2020

Based on economic and environmental factors related to energy efficiency, the automotive industry is being increasingly encouraged to design lighter structures, making use of adhesive bonding in vehicle body frames. To meet the standards of the automotive sector, adhesive joints must provide high strength and stiffness, low cost and good energy absorption at a component level, thereby ensuring good impact strength and passenger safety. This work aims to study, at room temperature (24°C), the impact response of a real scale automotive structure bonded with a crash-resistant epoxy, allowing to access the suitability of adhesives for automotive structural purposes. The epoxy adhesive was found to successfully transfer the loads to the aluminium substrates and not to compromise the integrity of the structure, as its failure was dominated by the behaviour of aluminium. Results obtained with a numerical model of the component were found to be in close agreement with the experimental failure load, demonstrating that numerical analysis can be a viable tool to predict the structure’s behaviour. In addition, a polyurethane was used as an alternative to the epoxy system to bond the structure, proving that the joint behaves better in the presence of a more flexible adhesive, as no failure was found for this case. Aluminium single-lap joints with two adhesive thicknesses were tested as a complement to understand the influence of this parameter on the impact response of a joint, showing a 21% decrease in strength when the highest thickness was used.
The mediating role of gratitude in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological well-being
Authors: Nourialeagha Bahador , Ajilchi Bita , Kisely Steve
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To determine the mediating role of gratitude in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological well-being in students.

Method:

We selected 200 students using randomised cluster sampling in the academic year 2016–2017. They completed the attachment style, psychological well-being and gratitude questionnaires.

Results:

On path analysis, secure attachment style had a positive relationship with both gratitude and psychological well-being. Conversely, anxiety-avoidance styles had a negative relationship with both outcomes.

Conclusions:

Gratitude plays a mediating role attachment and psychological well-being. These results may have implications for the development of interventions to improve mental well-being with a focus on enhancing gratitude.
Stealing Like Artists: Using Court Records to Conduct Quantitative Research on Corporate Environmental Crimes
Authors: Greife Matthew J. , Maume Michael O.
Published: June 2020

A major challenge in conducting quantitative analyses in the field of corporate environmental crime is the lack of a readily accessible data set. At least in the United States, currently the best available datasets regarding environmental crime generally are produced and disseminated by government agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”). However, these datasets have multiple limitations that force researchers to “scour” through the informational landscape for other primary and secondary sources to conduct more robust quantitative analyses. In this article, we document the attempts researchers have made to create broader datasets for corporate environmental crime analysis, with the hope that it will assist researchers working to create useful bodies of data for analysis.
Design and application of an improved vulcanization apparatus for magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Fan Lili , Wang Guoping , Yang Fufeng , Jiang Min , Dong Xiaoli , Rui Xiaoting
Published: June 2020

Magnetorheological elastomer is a new intelligent material, which shows a promising application prospect in the intelligent control area. In the molding of magnetorheological elastomer, vulcanization under magnetic field condition is the critical step. However, the traditionally used vulcanization apparatus cannot be applied in the preparation of magnetorheological elastomer directly for the unavailable magnetic field, uneven pressure, and serious heat dissipation. An improved vulcanization apparatus with magnetic field generator, support device, and temperature control device was designed. To ensure the rationality of the designs, magnetic circuit simulation, thermal simulation, and stiffness consistency test were conducted. Experimental tests showed that the vulcanization apparatus we designed applied well in the preparation of magnetorheological elastomers and magnetorheological elastomer isolator.
Results of Hallux Valgus Surgery in Diabetic Patients With Good Glycemic Control
Authors: Law Gin Way , Tay Kae Sian , Padki Akshay , Wong Khai Cheong , Zhang Karen Ting , Yeo Nicholas Eng Meng , Koo Kevin , Rikhraj Inderjeet Singh
Published: June 2020

Background:

Literature is sparse on whether diabetes affects outcomes of hallux valgus surgery. With the rising global prevalence of diabetes and diabetes being an independent predictor of poorer outcomes, particularly in foot and ankle surgery, we aimed to investigate the impact of diabetes on the outcomes of hallux valgus surgery.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective comparative cohort study of prospectively collected registry data of 951 feet in 721 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic hallux valgus between 2007 and 2015 at our institution. All patients with diabetes were identified and matched with patients without diabetes for age, sex, and body mass index in a 1:2 ratio to construct the matched cohorts for analysis. Glycemic control in the diabetic cohort was assessed using preoperative HbA1c. The primary outcome measure was complication rates. Secondary outcomes were (1) deformity correction using the hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles; (2) patient-reported outcomes using visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Short Form–36 (SF-36) Physical and Mental Health subscales, and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores; (3) patient satisfaction; and (4) reoperation rates up to 2 years postoperatively. Forty diabetic patients were identified and matched to 80 nondiabetic patients. Although matching was only performed for age, sex, and body mass index, the diabetic and the nondiabetic cohorts were also similar in hallux valgus severity, preoperative scores, and types of procedures performed.

Results:

The mean preoperative HbA1c in our diabetic cohort was 7.1%. Both the diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts showed excellent AOFAS and VAS scores with no differences in degree of deformity correction, complication profiles, reoperation rates, outcome scores, and satisfaction at both 6 months and 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:

We believe stringent patient selection was key to reduced complication rates and good outcomes in diabetic patients. Well-selected diabetic patients remain suitable candidates for hallux valgus surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
A Channel-Specific Analysis of the Risk Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) Model: The Role of Relevant Channel Beliefs and Perceived Information Gathering Capacity
Authors: Hwang Yoori , Jeong Se-Hoon
Published: June 2020

The risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model posits that information insufficiency could lead to information seeking, and the effect could be moderated by relevant channel beliefs and perceived information gathering capacity. The RISP model is tested in the context of Koreans’ risk information seeking and processing related to toxic chemicals in consumer products. The present study showed that the impact of information insufficiency was moderated by relevant channel beliefs. On the other hand, the impact of information insufficiency was not moderated by perceived information gathering capacity; instead, perceived information gathering capacity had an independent effect on information seeking.
Pornography Use and Sexual Coercion: Examining the Mediation Effect of Sexual Arousal
Authors: Marshall Ethan , Bouffard Jeff A. , Miller Holly
Published: June 2020

The increased accessibility and use of pornography in Western society highlights the emergent need to understand the relationship between its use and sexual coercion. Decades of research have demonstrated a consistent relationship between pornography use and engaging in sexually aggressive behavior, although what drives this relationship remains largely unexplained. Researchers have recently presented potential explanations for these relationships, such as the use of violent pornography types, the development of aberrant sexual scripts, and the frequency of pornography use. This study seeks to contribute to the explanation by examining the potential mediating effects of sexual arousal on the relationship between pornography use frequency and willingness to engage in verbal and illegal sexual coercive behaviors by examining a sample of male and female college adults. This population reports some of the highest rates of pornography use. The sample of 745 college students were exposed to either an exotic video presentation or a criminal justice lecture, and provided a dating scenario and sexual arousal assessments. Results indicated those young adults that consume pornography more frequently were more likely to experience higher levels of sexual arousal to the erotic video than those who reported little or no use. However, after controlling for several variables significantly related to sexual coercion, arousal did not mediate willingness to engage in verbal or illegal sexual coercive behaviors. Other significant results and implications are discussed.
Policy Into Practice: Understanding State Writing Resources
Authors: Benko Susanna L. , Hodge Emily M. , Salloum Serena J.
Published: June 2020

Although research suggests that teachers turn to their state departments of education for curricular resources, little is known about the resources teachers find on state websites and the recommendations these resources make, especially for teaching writing. We analyze state-provided resources focused on writing ( n = 123) for their type, standard(s), and sponsor(s). We also analyze a subset of 40 resources to describe the epistemologies about writing instruction reflected in these resources. We find that just over half of states provide writing resources, that literacy and policy organizations are named about the same number of times as resource sponsors, and that resources tend to foreground structural and ideational epistemologies over social practice. This work helps identify the extent to which states focus on writing instruction, the types of resources states are providing, and the visions of writing instruction communicated through state-provided curricular resources.
Mindfulness-Enhanced Behavioral Parent Training for Clinic-Referred Families of Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mah Janet W. T. , Murray Candice , Locke Jake , Carbert Nicole
Published: June 2020

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of a mindfulness-enhanced behavioral parent training (BPT) group program compared to standard BPT in families of children with ADHD. Method: Parents ( N = 63) of children (aged 6–11) diagnosed with ADHD were randomly assigned to either mindful or standard BPT, and participated in 12 weekly 2-hr group sessions. Parents completed a series of questionnaires assessing mindful parenting, parenting stress, harsh discipline practices, behavioral dysregulation, and child ADHD symptoms, before and after completing the group intervention. Results: Parents in the mindful group had decreased harsh discipline practices and improved self-regulation compared to parents in the standard group. Both groups improved in parenting sense of competence and child ADHD symptoms. No significant group differences were found in mindful parenting or parenting stress. Conclusion: There are some important parental benefits to enhancing BPT with mindfulness.
The English pronunciation of Arabic speakers: A data-driven approach to segmental error identification
Authors: Rehman Ivana , Silpachai Alif , Levis John , Zhao Guanlong , Gutierrez-Osuna Ricardo
Published: June 2020

The accurate identification of likely segmental pronunciation errors produced by nonnative speakers of English is a longstanding goal in pronunciation teaching. Most lists of pronunciation errors for speakers of a particular first language (L1) are based on the experience of expert linguists or teachers of English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language (EFL). Such lists are useful, but they are also subject to blind spots for less noticeable errors while suggesting that other more noticeable errors are more important. This exploratory study tested whether using a database of read sentences would reveal recurrent errors that had been overlooked by expert opinions. We did a systematic error analysis of advanced L1 Arabic learners of English ( n = 4) using L2 Arctic, a publicly available collection of 1,132 phonetically-balanced English sentences read aloud by 24 speakers of six language backgrounds. To test whether the database was useful for pronunciation error identification, we analysed Arabic speakers’ sentence readings ( n = 599), which were annotated in Praat for pronunciation deviations from General American English. The findings give an empirically supported description of persistent pronunciation errors for Arabic learners of English. Although necessarily limited in scope, the study demonstrates how similar datasets can be used regardless of the L1 being investigated. The discussion of errors in pronunciation in terms of their functional loads (Brown, 1988) suggests which persistent errors are likely to be important for classroom attention, helping teachers focus their limited classroom time for optimal learning.
Person-oriented ethics for autism research: Creating best practices through engagement with autism and autistic communities
Authors: Cascio M Ariel , Weiss Jonathan A , Racine Eric ,   and the Autism Research Ethics Task Force
Published: June 2020

Research ethics is an important part of any study. Ethics goes beyond ethics committee approval and consent documents. It addresses broader issues of respect, inclusion, and empowerment in the everyday context of research. This article focuses on everyday aspects of research ethics for studies involving autistic participants. It draws on a review of the literature and a process of ethical deliberation involving a task force of researchers, professionals, autistic self-advocates, and parents. These methods led to the creation of suggestions for researchers. This article describes the community engagement process, briefly presents the task force suggestions, and provides more detailed discussion of select items for illustration. Suggestions are organized around five “person-oriented research ethics” guideposts: (1) individualization (e.g. providing individualized support for participants), (2) acknowledgment of lived world (e.g. acknowledging barriers to care that impact research ethics), (3) empowerment in decision-making (e.g. creating accessible consent processes that address specific communication needs), (4) respect for holistic personhood (e.g. addressing sensory and processing needs and strengths), and (5) focus on researcher–participant relationships (e.g. involving autistic people in ways other than research participants, including but not limited to via participatory research). This project highlights the value of researcher–community partnerships in discussions about research ethics.

Lay abstract

Research ethics means issues that concern the welfare and wellbeing of people who take part in research. It is important in all scientific studies. Ethics helps people who do research treat people who take part in research fairly and with respect. This article is about day-to-day ethics when autistic people take part in research. We present tips for researchers who want to do this type of study. We used two methods to create these tips. First, we wanted to know what other people said about this topic. We used a literature review to find out. Second, we wanted to know what autistic people, parents, and professionals thought, and had a working group meet to discuss it. The working group provided advice that researchers could consider around day-to-day ethics in research. This article talks about these methods and advice. The advice fits into five big groups: Tailor the research process for the unique needs of each person. Think about the world in which people who take part in research live. Make it easier for people to make their own choices. Value what people who take part in research have to share and consider their needs and strengths. Think about how researchers and people who take part in research work together. This project shows why it is useful for researchers and communities to talk about research ethics together.
Measuring change in facial emotion recognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Wieckowski Andrea Trubanova , Flynn L Taylor , Richey J Anthony , Gracanin Denis , White Susan W
Published: June 2020

Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder are less accurate in facial emotion recognition, which is thought to contribute to impairment in social functioning. Although many interventions have been developed to improve facial emotion recognition, there is no consensus on how to best measure facial emotion recognition in people with autism spectrum disorder. This lack of agreement has led to wide variability in how facial emotion recognition is measured and, subsequently, inconsistent findings related to impact of intervention targeting facial emotion recognition impairment. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the extant research on measurement of facial emotion recognition in the context of treatment. We conducted an electronic database search to identify relevant, peer-reviewed articles published between January 1998 and November 2019 to identify studies evaluating change in facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder. Sixty-five studies met inclusion criteria, utilizing a total of 36 different assessment measures for facial emotion recognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Only six of the measures were used in multiple studies conducted by different investigative teams. The outcomes of the studies are reported and summarized with the goal of informing future research.

Lay Abstract

Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder show difficulty recognizing facial emotions in others, which makes social interaction challenging. While there are many treatments developed to improve facial emotion recognition, there is no agreement on the best way to measure such abilities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this review is to examine studies that were published between January 1998 and November 2019 and have measured change in facial emotion recognition to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments. Our search yielded 65 studies, and within these studies, 36 different measures were used to evaluate facial emotion recognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Only six of these measures, however, were used in different studies and by different investigators. In this review, we summarize the different measures and outcomes of the studies, in order to identify promising assessment tools and inform future research.
Storytelling, resilience and transitional justice: Reversing narrative social bulimia
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya
Published: June 2020

This article is about storytelling and transitional justice. Utilizing the late Jock Young’s concept of social bulimia, it uses the author’s fieldwork with victims-/survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina to demonstrate that storytelling can become a social bulimic process of absorption and expulsion. The article’s key aim is to explore ways of addressing this. In so doing, it draws on the neurological concept of plasticity. Emphasizing the importance of ‘narrative plasticity’ in the sense of giving victims-/survivors more control over their stories, and linking the concept to resilience, it argues that narrative plasticity can help to address the absorption and exclusion dynamics of social bulimia—and thereby contribute to moving transitional justice in a new ecological direction.
Rigid–flexible coupling dynamics with contact estimator for robot/PTL system
Authors: Zheng Xiaoliang , Wu Gongping , Jiang Wei , Fan Fei , Zhu Jiale
Published: June 2020

In order to enhance sampling efficiency and security when robot maintains power transmission line (PTL), this article develops a new approach for the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics of robot/PTL system, which decouples the large system into two small systems and solves them separately by estimating the contact force. The robot is modelled as a system of rigid bodies by screw theory, while the PTL system is modelled using absolute node coordinate formulation (ANCF). The integration of screw theory, ANCF and contact estimator trained by artificial neural network has not been accomplished before in the literature. The main contribution of this paper is to achieve this integration with the goal of developing a new and general approach for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the interaction of the rigid maintenance robot with flexible PTL cable. A simplified two-dimensional example is used to compute the effect of the robot/PTL interaction under different operating conditions to have an understanding of the coupling approach between the two systems. A more detailed three-dimensional model was developed, and the results obtained validate the utility and effectiveness of our approach.