bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hydraulic‐thermal performance of miniature compact heat sinks using SiO2‐water nanofluids
Authors: Fadhil Ahmed M. , Khalil Wissam H. , Al‐damook Amer
Published: July 2019

Ever since the rapid increase in both the demand for the miniature electronic devices and their applications, heat dissipation in the electronic components has been a serious issue. A miniature plate‐pin heat sink model with square, circular, and elliptic pins is considered to enhance the hydrothermal performance of this kind of compact heat sink (CHS). Water and 3% of SiO2‐water nanofluids of volume fraction were used with different Reynolds number ranges (100‐1000). The findings show that the base temperature of heat sink reduces while the Nusselt number enhances by using nanofluids and increasing Reynolds number. The lowest value of the base temperature is nearly 25% for the square pins and circular pins CHSs compared with a plate–fin heat sink at 3% of nanofluids. Furthermore, the highest value of the Nusselt number is about 98% at 3% SiO2 for circular pin CHSs compared with the plate–fin heat sink. However, the pressure drop of CHSs is higher than that of plate–fin heat sink. Moreover, the most significant hydrothermal performance value is about 1.44 for water and around 1.51 for SiO2 as using the CHS with circular and elliptic pins depends on the Reynolds number. Thus, applying CHSs with nanofluids instead of the traditional heat sinks might produce a substantial enhancement in the hydrothermal performance of heat sinks.
Quantification of fluorescence emission from extraterrestrial materials and its significance for planetary Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Alian , Wei Jie , Korotev Randy L.
Published: July 2019

Fluorescence emission has been a serious impediment in the application of Raman spectroscopy to terrestrial geologic samples. It is largely unknown how significant the fluorescence problem would affect Raman analyses during a planetary surface exploration mission. We have completed a set of two experimental studies to quantitatively evaluate the fluorescence emission excited by multiple wavelengths from a set of 21 stony meteorites that represent 98.9% (by types) of all stony meteorites collected, named, and classified worldwide. Our data revealed a general trend, that is, the non‐Raman emission intensities of extraterrestrial materials are two to three orders of magnitude lower than those of typical terrestrial clays and the soils from hyperarid Mars‐analog region (Atacama Desert). Based on >4,500 Raman spectra (excited by continuous wave [continuous wave] 532‐nm laser line) obtained by auto‐scans on these 21 meteorites, we found that the average percentage of informative Raman spectra is nearly 98%, with a standard deviation of 2% and the lowest value of 93%. We also found that the information on major and minor mineral phases revealed by our multispots Raman measurements are consistent with those published in Meteoritic Bulletin database for the examined meteorites. In conclusion, our experimental results demonstrated that the fluorescence interference that sometimes concealed the Raman signals of terrestrial samples would not be a threat to planetary Raman spectroscopy that uses CW 532‐nm laser line for excitation. This conclusion is consistent with the in situ fluorescence observations made during two missions on Mars and with many Raman spectroscopic studies of lunar rocks and soils returned by Apollo missions.
Landscape‐scale habitat characteristics and neonatal white‐tailed deer survival
Authors: Wright Chloe A. , Mcroberts Jon T. , Wiskirchen Kevyn H. , Keller Barbara J. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: July 2019

Landscape‐level habitat characteristics affect neonatal white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) survival. Little is known, however, about how changes in maternal habitat use after parturition affect neonate survival. We quantified survival rates and determined if neonate survival to 8 weeks was affected by weekly maternal habitat use in the agricultural Glaciated Plains (GP) and forest‐grassland Ozark (OZ) eco‐regions of Missouri, USA. We captured 127 pregnant female deer during 2015–2017, and fitted each with a global positioning system (GPS) radio‐collar and vaginal implant transmitter (VIT). We captured 226 neonatal deer during 2015–2017, fitted each with an expandable radio‐collar, and monitored survival status daily. We estimated weekly maternal home ranges and calculated habitat metrics within these home ranges. We used the Kaplan‐Meier estimator to calculate 8‐week survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the influence of habitat metrics on neonate survival. The 8‐week survival estimates were 0.43 (95% CI = 0.35–0.54) and 0.47 (95% CI = 0.38–0.57) in the GP and OZ, respectively. Both of these survival estimates were lower than expected but particularly so in the GP because it is dominated by agricultural fields, a land cover type typically associated with high survival. Neonate survival in the GP was negatively correlated with the amount of edge and forest patch size within maternal home ranges. In the OZ, female neonate survival was positively correlated with birth mass, male neonate survival was not affected by birth mass, and survival of both sexes was negatively correlated with grassland patch density. We suspect these habitat metrics were related to predator searching efficiency and abundance. In the highly fragmented GP, predators might be able to easily search the largest cover habitat patches, whereas in the more contiguous OZ landscape, where cover habitat patch sizes were > 10 times the size of patches in the GP, large patches might be difficult for predators to search efficiently. Therefore, we recommend managers consider the larger landscape context when making habitat management decisions to increase white‐tailed deer population productivity. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Demographic factors affecting population growth in giant gartersnakes
Authors: Rose Jonathan P. , Ersan Julia S. M. , Wylie Glenn D. , Casazza Michael L. , Halstead Brian J.
Published: July 2019

Demographic models provide insight into which vital rates and life stages contribute most to population growth. Integral projection models (IPMs) offer flexibility in matching model structure to a species’ demography. For many rare species, data are lacking for key vital rates, and uncertainty might dissuade researchers from attempting to build a demographic model. We present work that highlights how the implications of uncertainties and unknowns can be explored by building and analyzing alternative models. We constructed IPMs for the threatened giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) based on published studies to determine where management efforts could be targeted to have the greatest effect on population persistence and what unknowns remain for future research. Given uncertainty in the survival of snakes during their first year, and in the form of the size‐survival relationship, we modeled a range of scenarios and evaluated where models agree about factors influencing population growth and where discrepancies exist. For most scenarios, the survival of large adult females had the greatest influence on population growth, but the relative importance of juvenile versus adult somatic growth for population growth was dependent on the recruitment probability and the shape of the size‐survival function. More data on temporal variation and covariance among vital rates would improve stochastic models for the giant gartersnake. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of IPMs for studying the demography of reptiles and the value of the model‐building process for formalizing what is known and unknown about the demography of rare species. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Using spotlight observations to predict resource selection and abundance for white‐tailed deer
Authors: Kaminski Dan J. , Harms Tyler M. , Coffey Jim M.
Published: July 2019

Spotlight surveys for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can yield large presence‐only datasets applicable to a variety of resource selection modeling procedures. By understanding how populations distribute according to a given resource for a reference area, density and abundance can be predicted across new areas assuming the relationship between habitat quality (measured by an index of selection) and species distribution are equivalent. Habitat‐based density estimators have been applied to wildlife species and are useful for addressing conservation and management concerns. Although achieving reliable population estimates is a primary goal for spotlighting studies, presence‐only models have yet to be applied to spotlight data for estimating habitat selection and abundance for deer. From 2012 to 2017, we conducted spring spotlight surveys in each of 99 counties in Iowa, USA, and collected spatial locations for 20,149 groups of deer (n = 71,323 individuals). We used a resource selection function (RSF) based on deer locations to predict the relative probability of use for deer at the population level and to estimate statewide abundance. The number of deer observed statewide increased significantly with increasing RSF value for all years and the mean RSF value along survey transects explained 59% of the variability in county‐level deer counts, indicating that a functional response between habitat quality and deer distribution existed at landscape scales. We applied our RSF to a habitat‐based density estimator (extrapolation) and zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) and negative binomial (ZINB) count models to predict statewide abundance from spotlight counts. Population estimates for 2012 were variable, indicating that atypical weather conditions may affect spotlight counts and population estimates in some years. For 2013–2017, we predicted a mean population of 439,129 (95% CI ∼ ± 55,926), 440,360 (∼ ± 43,676), and 465,959 (∼ ± 51,242) deer across years for extrapolation, ZIP, and ZINB models, respectively. Estimates from all models were not significantly different than estimates from an existing deer population accounting model in Iowa for 2013 and 2016, and differed by <76,000 deer for all models from 2013–2017. Extrapolation and ZIP models performed similarly and differed by <2,897 deer across all years, whereas ZINB models showed inconsistencies in model convergence and precision of estimates. Our results indicate that presence‐only models are capable of producing reliable and precise estimates of resource selection and abundance for deer at broad landscape scales in Iowa and provide a tool for estimating deer abundance in a spatially explicit manner. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Variational formulation and asymptotic analysis of viscoelastic problem with Riemann‐Liouville fractional derivatives
Authors: Dilmi Mohamed , Dilmi Mourad , Benseridi Hamid
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we study the variational formulation and asymptotic analysis of a viscoelastic problem with fractional derivative in the Riemann‐Liouville sense and nonlinear friction of Tresca type in a three‐dimensional thin domain Ωε. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution; then, we study the asymptotic analysis when one dimension of the domain tends to zero. The limit problem, the limit of Tresca free boundary conditions, and the specific Reynolds equation are obtained.
Radiomics analysis for the differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in 18F‐FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zhang Yuquan , Cheng Chao , Liu Zhaobang , Wang Lei , Pan Guixia , Sun Gaofeng , Chang Yan , Zuo Changjing , Yang Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To perform a radiomics analysis with comparisons of multidomain features and a variety of feature selection strategies and classifiers, with the goal of evaluating the value of quantified radiomics method for noninvasively differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in 18F‐fluorodeoxglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) images.

Methods

We extracted 251 expert‐designed features from 2D and 3D PET/CT images of 111 patients, and recombined these features into five feature sets according to their modalities and dimensions. Among the five feature sets, the optimal one was found leveraging four feature selection strategies and four machine learning classifiers based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The feature selection strategies include spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, minimum redundancy maximum relevance, support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM‐RFE), and no feature selection, while the classifiers are random forest, adaptive boosting, support vector machine (SVM) with the Gaussian radial basis function, and SVM with the linear kernel function respectively. Based on the optimal feature set, these feature selection strategies and classifiers were comparatively studied to achieve the best differentiation. Finally, the quantified radiomics prediction model was developed based on the best combination of the feature selection strategy and classifier, and it was compared with two clinical factors based prediction models, and human doctors using nested cross‐validation in terms of AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results

Comparison experiments demonstrated that CT features and three‐dimensional (3D) features performed better than positron emission tomography (PET) features and three‐dimensional (2D) features respectively, and multidomain features were superior to single domain features. In addition, the combination of SVM‐RFE feature selection strategy and Linear SVM classifier had the highest diagnostic performance (i.e., AUC = 0.93 ± 0.01, ACC = 0.85 ± 0.02, SEN = 0.86 ± 0.03, SPE = 0.84 ± 0.03). The quantified radiomics model developed is significantly superior to both human doctors and clinical factors based prediction models in terms of accuracy and specificity.

Conclusions

Our preliminary results confirmed that the quantified radiomics method could aid the noninvasive differentiation of AIP and PDAC in 18F FDG PET/CT images and the integration of multidomain features is beneficial for the differentiation.
Ultrathin Glass Substrates for Thin, Lightweight, Flexible OLED Lighting
Authors: Garner Sean , Chowdhury Dipak , Lewis Sue
Published: July 2019

Although OLED enables uniform, efficient, and unique designs for lighting applications, it also presents several challenges, including the need to identify a transparent and flexible substrate that provides an adequate hermetic barrier. Here, three authors from Corning explain their company's approach to these issues.
Anthropometric Measurements and Cognitive Impairment Rather Than Nutrition Status Are Associated With Sarcopenia in Long‐Term Care Residents
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rejón Ana Isabel , Artacho Reyes , Ruiz‐López María Dolores
Published: July 2019

Background

Sarcopenia is an important health problem in older adults. The aim was to study the association of anthropometric measurements, functional capacity, cognitive impairment, and nutrition status with sarcopenia in institutionalized older adults.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was undertaken, determining the calf circumference (CC), mid‐upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC), and body mass index (BMI) and administering the Pfeiffer test and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF). Sarcopenia was diagnosed following criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. After bivariate analyses, a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to determine the association of study variables with sarcopenia.

Results

The study group comprised 249 residents (mean age 84.9 ± 6.7 years). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 63%. The multivariate analysis with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) indicated that the risk of sarcopenia was significantly increased by being female (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.3–6.2), having moderate or severe cognitive impairment (Pfeiffer test score of 5–10) (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 0.9–6.4), and having a BMI < 22 kg/m2 (OR = 22.4; 95% CI 6.7–75.0). Moreover, a low CC (OR = 6.5; 95% CI 3.0–14.0) or MUAMC (OR = 3.9; 95% CI 1.7–9.3) also significantly increased the risk of sarcopenia. A negative association was observed between sarcopenia and MNA‐SF, although it did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

The variables identified as risk factors for sarcopenia can assist in detecting individuals at higher risk who require special clinical attention.
Design and psychometric properties of an instrument to assess metacognition in moral reasoning in medicine
Authors: Kamali Farahnaz , Yousefy Alireza , Yamani Nikoo
Published: July 2019

Aim

The present study aims at designing and assessing the psychometric properties of MCMR instruments to lead the medical ethics education to further goals and more definite steps.

Design

This is a cross sectional study.

Method

This study was conducted in two phases; identifying the items and designing the instrument. In the preliminary phase, the qualitative study was carried out using conventional content analysis method. In the second phase, psychometric evaluation of instrument was done using face and content validity, construct validity and reliability.

Results

On the first phase of this study, 135 items were identified. After determining face and content validity, 111 items reached the stage of exploratory factor analysis. This instrumental analysis indicated the existence of 74 items and ten factors whose variance of the total is explained as 46.883%. Cronbach's alpha value was 0/75. And the intra‐cluster correlation coefficient was 0.808.
Because coconuts do not grow in Canberra: Complexity theory and capacity development in Solomon Islands Police Force
Authors: Curth‐Bibb Jodie
Published: July 2019

Statebuilding has been informed and captured by reductionist, linear change models. Defined by technocratic approaches to public sector (re)building and reform—it has been monitored, measured and evaluated by New Public Management artefacts such as log‐frames and Results‐Based Management. Through a case study on the capacity development of the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force, I explore the possibilities for using complexity theory to better understand, manage, and monitor capacity development interventions. The analysis of interview data with police practitioners from both sides of the intervention—advisors and local counterparts—reveals the explanatory power of complexity concepts (such as interconnectedness, emergence, initial conditions, and non‐linear change) in ways that could inform a rethink of how we frame public sector capacity building interventions.
Colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults: Defining a growing threat
Authors: Levine Oren , Zbuk Kevin
Published: July 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), with the greatest increase occurring in distal colon and rectal cancers. Reasons for this striking trend are not well understood. Genetically linked cases of CRC occur in the context of familial conditions such as Lynch Syndrome, but most AYA cases of CRC are sporadic. Unique biology is suggested, yet limited information is available regarding the molecular underpinnings of CRC in this age group. Young patients are more likely to experience delays in diagnosis and to present with advanced‐stage disease; yet, prognosis by stage is comparable between younger and older adults. Treatment paradigms are based on evidence reflecting the older adult population. Given the concerning rise in CRC rates among AYAs, there is urgent need for further research into the role of screening from a younger age, biology of disease, and optimal therapies in this age group.
SecProMTB: Support Vector Machine‐Based Classifier for Secretory Proteins Using Imbalanced Data Sets Applied to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Meng Chaolu , Wei Leyi , Zou Quan
Published: July 2019

Secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have created more concern, given their dominant immunogenicity and role in pathogenesis. In view of expensive and time‐consuming traditional biochemical experiments, an advanced support vector machine model named SecProMTB is constructed in this study and the proteins are identified by a bioinformatic approach. First, an improved pseudo‐amino acid composition (PseAAC) algorithm is used to extract features from all entities. Second, a novel imbalanced‐data strategy is proposed and adopted to divide the original data set into train set and test set. Third, to overcome the overfitting problem, feature‐ranking algorithms are applied with an increment feature selection. Finally, the model is trained and optimized. Consequently, a model is obtained with an area under the curve of 0.862 and average accuracy of 86% in the independent test. For the convenience of users, SecProMTB and related data are openly accessible at http://server.malab.cn/SecProMTB/index.jsp.
Digital Assembly of Colloidal Particles for Nanoscale Manufacturing
Authors: Kotnala Abhay , Zheng Yuebing
Published: July 2019

From unravelling the most fundamental phenomena to enabling applications that impact our everyday lives, the nanoscale world holds great promise for science, technology, and medicine. However, the extent of its practical realization relies on manufacturing at the nanoscale. Among the various nanomanufacturing approaches being investigated, the bottom‐up approach involving assembly of colloidal nanoparticles as building blocks is promising. Compared to a top‐down lithographic approach, particle assembly exhibits advantages such as smaller feature size, finer control of chemical composition, less defects, lower material wastage, and higher scalability. The capability to assemble colloidal particles one by one or “digitally” has been heavily sought as it mimics the natural method of making matter and enables construction of nanomaterials with sophisticated architectures. An insight into the tools and techniques for digital assembly of particles, including their working mechanisms and demonstrated particle assemblies, is provided. Examples of nanomaterials and nanodevices are presented to demonstrate the strength of digital assembly in nanomanufacturing.
First Principles Study of the Stability and Diffusion Mechanism of a Carbon Vacancy in the Vicinity of a SiO2/4H–SiC Interface
Authors: Alsnani Hind , Goss Jonathan P. , Briddon Patrick , Rayson Mark , Horsfall Alton B.
Published: July 2019

The carbon vacancy in bulk 4H‐SiC and in the vicinity of an SiO2/(0001)‐4H‐SiC interface using density‐functional theory is studied. It is found that the migration is hindered in the immediate vicinity of the interface, with the energy barrier for diffusion being ≈15% greater than the same defect in bulk 4H‐SiC. Herein, it is shown that the increased barrier is a consequence of the stabilization of the vacancy in the immediate interface due to a combination of strengthened reconstructions and interfacial relaxation, coupled with the destabilization of the transition‐state structure.
Tailoring Magnetic Anisotropy at Will in 3D Interconnected Nanowire Networks
Authors: Ruiz-Clavijo Alejandra , Ruiz-Gomez Sandra , Caballero-Calero Olga , Perez Lucas , Martin-Gonzalez Marisol
Published: July 2019

The control of magnetic anisotropy has been the driving force for the development of magnetic applications in a wide range of technological fields from sensing to spintronics. In recent years, the possibility of tailoring the magnetic properties goes together with a need for new 3D materials to expand the applications to a new generation of devices. Herein, the possibility of designing the magnetic anisotropy of 3D magnetic nanowire networks is shown just by modifying the geometry of the structure or by composition. It is also shown that this is possible when the magnetic properties of the structure are governed by magnetostatic anisotropy. The present approach can guide systematic tuning of the magnetic easy axis and coercivity in the desired direction at the nanoscale. Importantly, this can be achieved on virtually any magnetic material, alloy, or multilayers that can be prepared inside porous alumina. These results are promising for engineering novel magnetic devices that exploit tailored magnetic anisotropy using metamaterials concept.
Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensing Based on Interference in Disordered Composite Films
Authors: Okorn Boris , Janicki Vesna , Bončina Tonica , Zupanič Franc , Sancho-Parramon Jordi
Published: July 2019

The strong dispersion in the effective optical constants of plasmonic nanocomposite films is used to generate interference effects that are highly sensitive to changes in the dielectric environment of particles. Numerical simulations show that reflectance measurements on metal nanoparticle systems close to a metallic substrate have larger sensitivities to changes in the surrounding refractive index than the standard transmittance measurements of the same system when placed on a transparent substrate. The scheme is particularly advantageous in case of disordered nanoparticle systems, where the difference between reflectance and transmittance‐based sensing approaches is enhanced due to local‐field fluctuations that modify the effective optical constants dispersion. Exceptional to most plasmonic applications, in the present case, a disordered system provides larger sensitivity and figure of merit than its ordered counterpart. The key concepts suggested from numerical calculations are verified by the fabrication of metal island films coated with different dielectric layers, that confirm the superiority of the reflectance‐based sensing scheme. Overall, the present approach profits from the disorder to improve refractive index sensitivity in metal nanoparticle systems that are produced with industrially appealing techniques. Thus, the proposed scheme may be valuable for the broad implementation of low‐cost and highly efficient plasmonic sensors.
Output feedback controller for polytopic systems exploiting the direct searching of the design space
Authors: Abolpour Roozbeh , Dehghani Maryam , Talebi Heidar Ali
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with the problem of designing a robust static output feedback controller for polytopic systems. The current research that tackled this problem is mainly based on LMI method, which is conservative by nature. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed, which considers the design space of the controller parameters and iteratively partitions the space to small simplexes. Then, by assessing the stability in each simplex, the solution space for design parameters is directly determined. It has been theoretically proved that, if there exists a feasible solution in the design space, the algorithm can find it. To validate the result of the proposed approach, comparative simulation examples are given to illustrate the performance of the design methodology as compared to those of previous approaches.
Modelling inundation patterns and sediment dynamics in the extensive floodplain along the Tonle Sap River
Authors: Siev Sokly , Paringit Enrico C. , Yoshimura Chihiro , Hul Seingheng
Published: July 2019

The Tonle Sap River (TSR) serves as a natural medium for the reversal flow between Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) and the Mekong River to sustain productivity and biodiversity in the TSR floodplain and TSL. Understanding the hydrological connectivity and its dynamics in the TSR, including its floodplain, is therefore important to support activities that aim to maintain ecological services in the TSR–TSL system. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine the hydrological connectivity of the TSR and its floodplain by a modelling approach that integrates inundation patterns and sediment dynamics. The Caesar–Lisflood model was applied to describe inundation, sediment erosion, transport, and deposition in the TSR for the period of 2003–2013. The inundation areas connected to the TSR ranged from 140 to 2,327 km2, whereas the isolated inundation areas from the TSR ranged from 0.27 to 504 km2. Sediment dynamics showed its influence on inundation patterns and hydrological connectivity and could alter the yearly inundation ratio (defined as a normalized inundation frequency with a value ranging from 0 to 1) up to 0.8. Our approach provides a quantitative way to determine key factors (e.g., total inundation areas, seasonality, and connectivity of inundation patterns) for further investigation of ecological processes in relation to the inundation patterns and sediment dynamics in the TSR and TSL.
Analysis of linear transformation models with covariate measurement error and interval censoring
Authors: Mandal Soutrik , Wang Suojin , Sinha Samiran
Published: July 2019

Among several semiparametric models, the Cox proportional hazard model is widely used to assess the association between covariates and the time‐to‐event when the observed time‐to‐event is interval‐censored. Often, covariates are measured with error. To handle this covariate uncertainty in the Cox proportional hazard model with the interval‐censored data, flexible approaches have been proposed. To fill a gap and broaden the scope of statistical applications to analyze time‐to‐event data with different models, in this paper, a general approach is proposed for fitting the semiparametric linear transformation model to interval‐censored data when a covariate is measured with error. The semiparametric linear transformation model is a broad class of models that includes the proportional hazard model and the proportional odds model as special cases. The proposed method relies on a set of estimating equations to estimate the regression parameters and the infinite‐dimensional parameter. For handling interval censoring and covariate measurement error, a flexible imputation technique is used. Finite sample performance of the proposed method is judged via simulation studies. Finally, the suggested method is applied to analyze a real data set from an AIDS clinical trial.
Effect of restrained shrinkage cracking on chloride penetration of high‐performance concrete containing fly ash and ground‐granulated blast‐furnace slag
Authors: Ma Lina , Zhao Yanhua , Gong Jinxin
Published: July 2019

In this study, the effect of restrained shrinkage cracking on the chloride penetration of high‐performance concrete was investigated. Different shrinkage cracking patterns were first produced on concrete slabs subjected to nonrestrained, two‐side restrained, or four‐side restrained condition. For each restrained condition, four water‐binder (w/b) ratios of 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40 were employed, and for each w/b ratio, fly ash and granulated blast‐furnace slag were utilized in a systematic replacement of cement at the levels of 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, respectively. Then, rapid chloride penetration (RCP) tests were conducted on samples sliced from concrete slabs for measuring the charge passed through the sample per se ASTM C1202. The experimental results indicate that w/b ratio, replacement level, and restrained condition had significant effects on the chloride penetration, and the charge passed could be well described by a unified expression when taking these three factors into account. Cracking area that could be used is responsible for the variation of the charge passed. More restraints resulted in bigger cracking areas meaning extra passages for chloride ingress, and in turn increased the charge passed during RCP test. Moreover, the inclusion of fly ash and slag proved to be effective in reducing chloride penetration, and small w/b ratio had a similar beneficial effect regarding chloride resistance which could be attributed to an improved pore structure within concrete and reduced cracking area.
Performance of steel moment‐resisting beam‐supporting column transfer structures under fire
Authors: Behnam Behrouz
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the structural fire response of steel beam‐supporting column transfer structures. Two three‐story (Case 1) and seven‐story (Case 2) structures with different span lengths are designed first to withstand gravity and seismic loads. All the structural members are also designed to meet their required fire resistance ratings based on the ISO834 fire. The structural vulnerability is then evaluated under two fire scenarios: the natural fire as a uniform and the traveling fire as a nonuniform temperature distribution inside the structures. The fire loads are applied to the first story of the structures where the structural irregularity is evident. The natural fires are determined based on Eurocode 1 and based on different opening ratios of 0.04, 0.067, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 to provide different duration of the heating phase. The results indicate that under the uniform fire scenarios, Case 1 collapses after 134 min under the opening ratio of 0.04. As well, Case 2 collapses under the opening ratios of 0.04, 0.67, and 0.08 at 95, 142, and 160 min, respectively. The results also show that under the nonuniform fire with a size of 25%; Case 1 collapses at 89 min, and Case 2 collapses at 93 min. Although it is believed that the cases studied should logically remain stable under possible fire scenario, the results indicate that this is not a true presumption. The results of this study provide beneficial information about structural fire response of beam‐supporting column transfer structures as an important structural irregularity.
Intrusion detection system based on improved abc algorithm with tabu search
Authors: Gu Tianlong , Chen Hanyi , Chang Liang , Li Long
Published: July 2019

An intrusion detection system (IDS) plays an important role in cyber security to detect network attacks. To improve the effectiveness of IDS, a new intrusion detection approach based on the support vector machine and improved Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) with Tabu Search (TS) is proposed. In the new method, to solve the problem of redundant network data and insufficient model parameters, a synchronous optimization strategy for feature selection and parameter calculation is proposed. At the same time, the idea of TS is a substitute for the greedy selection property of ABC, and two different selection probability formulas are provided in the early and later evolution of the ABC algorithm. The experimental results show that the newly proposed method performs better than other existing methods, especially in terms of detection accuracy and false negative rate. Besides, the detection rate of Probe attack and DoS attack reached 99.987 and 99.687%, respectively. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling method for electrothermal cosimulation of high‐power IGBT
Authors: Jia Ying‐Jie , Xiao Fei , Duan Yao‐Qiang , Luo Yi‐Fei , Liu Bin‐Li , Huang Yong‐Le
Published: July 2019

To accurately simulate the electrical characteristics of high‐power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) applied under transient overload extreme conditions, this article presents an electrothermal modeling method based on PSpice and Simulink. In this method, the structural parameters of the IGBT module are accurately extracted through a scanning electron microscope, and the corresponding seven‐layer RC thermal network model is established in Simulink. Besides, a new lumped‐charge physical model is constructed in PSpice, which can accurately describe the electrical behaviors of IGBT at different temperatures by circuit simulation. Then, cosimulation under a multirate simulation strategy is realized through a Matlab script file, which controls both the PSpice circuit simulation and the Simulink thermal simulation. Finally, the method is verified through a short‐circuit experiment on an ABB 3.3 kV/1500 A high‐power IGBT module. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exploring transcendentality in superstring amplitudes
Authors: D’Hoker Eric , Green Michael B.
Published: July 2019

Abstract

It is well known that the low energy expansion of tree-level superstring scattering amplitudes satisfies a suitably defined version of uniform transcendentality. In this paper it is argued that there is a natural extension of this definition that applies to the genus-one four-graviton Type II superstring amplitude to all orders in the low-energy expansion. To obtain this result, the integral over the genus-one moduli space is partitioned into a region

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{M}} $$

ℳ

R
surrounding the cusp and its complement

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{M}} $$

ℳ

L
, and an exact expression is obtained for the contribution to the amplitude from

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{M}} $$

ℳ

R
. The low-energy expansion of the

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{M}} $$

ℳ

R
contribution is proven to be free of irreducible multiple zeta-values to all orders. The contribution to the amplitude from

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{M}} $$

ℳ

L
is computed in terms of modular graph functions up to order D
12

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$

ℛ

4 in the low-energy expansion, and general arguments are used beyond this order to conjecture the transcendentality properties of the

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{M}} $$

ℳ

L
contributions. Uniform transcendentality of the full amplitude holds provided we assign a non-zero weight to certain harmonic sum functions, an assumption which is familiar from transcendentality assignments in quantum field theory amplitudes.
The full lepton flavor of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity
Authors: del Aguila Francisco , Ametller Lluis , Illana Jose Ignacio , Santiago Jose , Talavera Pere , Vega-Morales Roberto
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We re-examine lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT) including the full T-odd (non-singlet) lepton and Goldstone sectors. The heavy leptons induce two independent sources of LFV associated with the couplings necessary to give masses to the T-odd mirror fermions and to their partners in right-handed SO(5) multiplets, respectively. The latter, which have been neglected in the past, can be decoupled from gauge mediated processes but not from Higgs mediated ones and must therefore also be included in a general analysis of LFV in the LHT. We also further extend previous analyses by considering on-shell Z and Higgs LFV decays together with the LFV processes at low momentum transfer. We show that current experimental limits can probe the LHT parameter space up to global symmetry breaking scales f ∼ 10 TeV. For lower f values ≳ 1 TeV, μ − e transitions require the misalignment between the heavy and the Standard Model charged leptons to be ≲ 1%. Future LFV experiments using intense muon beams should be sensitive to misalignments below the per mille level. For τ LFV transitions, which could potentially be observed at Belle II and the LHC as well as future lepton colliders, we find that generically they can not discriminate between the LHT and supersymmetric models though in some regions of parameter space this may be possible.
Seeking for sterile neutrinos with displaced leptons at the LHC
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Zhen , Wang Lian-Tao , Wang Xiao-Ping
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We study the signal of long-lived sterile neutrino at the LHC produced through the decay of the W boson. It decays into charged lepton and jets. The characteristic signature is a hard prompt lepton and a lepton from the displaced decay of the sterile neutrino, which leads to a bundle of displaced tracks with large transverse impact parameter. Different from other studies, we neither reconstruct the displaced vertex nor place requirement on its invariant mass to maintain sensitivity for low sterile neutrino masses. Instead, we focus on the displaced track from the lepton. A difficulty for low mass sterile neutrino study is that the displaced lepton is usually non-isolated. Therefore, leptons from heavy flavor quark is the major source of background. We closely follow a search for displaced electron plus muon search at CMS and study their control regions, which is related to our signal regions, in great detail to develop a robust estimation of the background for our signals. After further optimization on the signal limiting the number of jets, low H

T
and large lepton displacement d
0 to suppress SM background, we reach an exclusion sensitivity of about 10−8 (10−5) for the mixing angle square at 10 (2) GeV sterile neutrino mass respectively. The strategy we propose can cover the light sterile masses complimentary to beam dump and forward detector experiments.
Understanding decision processes in guessing games: a protocol analysis approach
Authors: Capra C. Mónica
Published: July 2019

Protocol analysis, in the form of concurrent verbal ‘thinking aloud’ reports, is a method of collecting and analyzing data about cognitive processes. This approach can help economists in evaluating competing theories of behavior and in categorizing heterogeneity of thinking patterns. As a proof of concept, I tested this method in the context of a guessing game. I found that concurrent think aloud protocols can inform us about individual’s thought processes without affecting decisions. The method allowed me to identify game theoretic thinking and heterogeneous approaches to unravelling the guessing game. The think aloud protocol is inexpensive and scalable, and it is a useful tool for identifying empirical regularities regarding decision processes.
Historical origins of the party-army relations in the Soviet Union and China
Authors: Zhou Luyang
Published: July 2019

It is established that Party-army relation followed a “separated” pattern in the Soviet Union as opposed to an “infused” pattern in China. This article explores the historical origin of this difference in the revolutionary periods. By analyzing the biographies of communist military elites, it argues that this discrepancy took shape before the revolutionary takeover and resulted from the differentiated intensities of warfare across Russia and China. In China, the numerous civil wars and military defeats, radicalized the old military structure and boosted societal militarization; thus, eroding the mutual exclusion between the military and revolutionaries. The effect was lesser in Tsarist Russia than in prerevolutionary China, making the old military a conservative and professional corporate that the Bolsheviks could not completely subordinate to Party control.
Comparison of Rep Rap and Davinci OSD Repositories: Is any Influence from Academic Origin?
Authors: Affonso Claudia Andressa Cruz , Atayde Gisele Rodrigues , Amaral Daniel
Published: July 2019

The open source design (OSD) is an autonomous community dedicated to design new hardware products, peer-to-peer, with collaborative design and intellectual property copyleft, using web platforms to share projects. The research about these platforms indicates absence of important configuration management features as versioning, headlines and coding. One possible explanation for such finding is that these products are developed by non-designers. This argument was investigated comparing projects from two OSD communities, on the same theme, but with different origins. The hypothesis is that academically-influenced communities present better design management practices for repositories than others created by non-specialists. The hypothesis was not verified and the results show that there is no difference in the proportion of BO types or level of detail. However, it was identified five distinct characteristics: those of academic origin the communication is better detailed, the purpose is associated with methodological support, the structure of information promotes redundancy, the target-audience is the technicians and the success of project is associated with the number of interactions.
Exploring Healthcare Systems Design Research and Practice: Outcomes of an International Meeting
Authors: Komashie Alexander , Lame Guillaume , Patou Francois , Ciccone Nicholas , Maier Anja , Clarkson P. John
Published: July 2019

Current healthcare delivery challenges are multi-faceted, requiring multiple perspectives to be addressed using a systems approach. However, a significant amount of healthcare systems design research work is carried out within single disciplines or at best a few disciplines working together. There appears to be little deliberate attempt to draw together a wide range of disciplines committed to working together to overcome differences and tackle some of the complex challenges in healthcare delivery. In this paper, we report on the initial outcomes of such an international initiative that, in the form of a workshop held at the University of Cambridge, brought together researchers and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines to explore the foundations of a community for Healthcare Systems Design Research and Practice.
Robotic Care: A Low Cost Design to Assist Therapy for Brain Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Prieto Pablo , Auat Fernando , Escobar Maria , Vallejos Ronny , Maldonado Paula , Larrain Cristobal , Serey Martin
Published: July 2019

A low cost robotic-assisted prototype for finger and hand rehabilitation of people affected by a stroke is presented. The system was developed by a team of undergraduate students led by a Design lecturer in collaboration with the Rehabilitation Unit of the Peñablanca Public Hospital in Chile.

The system consists of a flexion sensor equipped glove, a hand exoskeleton and an Arduino control unit. The patient wears the glove in his healthy hand. When s/he performs movements with the healthy hand, the sensors register the flexion of the fingers and send this information to the servo motors installed in an exoskeleton attached to the affected hand. In this way, the affected hand reproduces the movement of the healthy hand. The system uses a combination of the mirror therapy (the patient sees his/her affected hand moving in the same way that the healthy hand does) and passive exercising (as the exoskeleton produces the movement of the hand affected by the stroke). The combination of two types of therapy in a single low cost system makes the present work unique. In the near future, the developed prototype will be used to validate the effectiveness of the new proposed robotic therapy.
Three Approaches to Design Engineering in the Health Domain: A Systemic Perspective
Authors: Pannunzio Valeria , Kleinsmann Maaike , Snelders Dirk
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a categorization of existing approaches to healthcare-related engineering design based on systems thinking principles. Three existing approaches to healthcare-related engineering design are isolated which contribute differently to health systems fundamental purposes and interconnections. The three approaches are labeled as 'silent', 'overt', and 'convergent' health design. Each approach is defined and illustrated through an example. Following, practical advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. A reflection is offered on the expected relevance of the convergent health design approach for present and future societal challenges in the health domain, and specifically on the recently growing field of e-health. Finally, open methodological challenges related to convergent health design are outlined and characterized as opportunities for future research.