bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NĖŠTUMO IR GIMDYMO BAIGTYS, PASTOJUS PO PAŽENGUSIOS ENDOMETRIOZĖS OPERACIJOS
Authors: Kržčonavičiūtė Saulė , Abraitis Vytautas
Published: February 2021

Endometriozė nustatoma 10-15 proc. vaisingo amžiaus moterų visame pasaulyje. PSO duomenimis, 40 proc. iš jų dėl šios ligos patiria nevaisingumą. Nustatyta, jog endometriozė lemia ne tik pastojimo dažnį, bet ir nėštumo bei gimdymo baigtį. Straipsnyje aprašomas pirmasis Lietuvoje pažengusios endometriozės operacijų veiksmingumo, mažinant nepageidaujamas nėštumo ir gimdymo baigtis, tyrimas. Tyrimo rezultatai: 64,06 proc. nėštumų ir gimdymų buvo komplikuoti. Ketvirtadalis nėštumų baigėsi persileidimu, 15,63 proc. – priešlaikiniu gimdymu. Po III stadijos endometriozės operacijos nėštumo komplikacijų buvo daugiau, nei po IV stadijos operacijos (p<0,05). Trečdalis gimdymų baigėsi cezario pjūviu, iš jų didžioji dalis – po dirbtinio apvaisinimo IVF metodu. Daugiau cezario pjūvių atlikta gimdyvėms po IV nei po III stadijos endometriozės operacijos (p>0,05). Išvados: nėštumo komplikacijų dažnis po pažengusios endometriozės operacijos yra 40,63 procento. Daugiau nėštumo komplikacijų nustatyta po III nei po IV stadijos endometriozės operacijos. Pastojus po endometriozės operacijos, didėja cezario pjūvio tikimybė. Cezario pjūvio operacijų mažiau atliekama po III nei po IV stadijos endometriozės operacijų.
JAUNO AMŽIAUS ŽMONIŲ ČIURNOS STABILUMO, MOBILUMO IR PUSIAUSVYROS SĄSAJOS
Authors: Krutulytė Gražina , Savickas Raimondas , Surgautas Lukas
Published: February 2021

Viena iš dažniausių aktyvia fizine veikla užsiimančių asmenų griaučių raumenų sistemos traumų yra čiurnos raiščių plyšimai. Pasikartojant plyšimams, gali išsivystyti čiurnos lėtinis nestabilumas. Dėl čiurnos sąnario nestabilumo atsiranda raumenų jėgos, propriorecepcijos pokyčių. Svarbu ištirti, ar po raiščių plyšimo neatsiranda posturalinės pusiausvyros sutrikimų. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti jaunų žmonių čiurnos stabilumo, mobilumo ir pusiausvyros sąsajas. Tyrime dalyvavo 50 tiriamųjų. Į tyrimą buvo įtraukti 18 – 30 metų asmenys, neturintys reguliarių treniruočių plano. Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis 24,3 ±3,15 metų. Tyrimo metodai. Dinaminė pusiausvyra vertinta žvaigždės ekskursijos testu (ŽET), statinė – flamingo testu, čiurnos judesių amplitudė – goniometrijos metodu, pėdos lenkimo (PF), tiesimo (DF), inversijos (INV) ir eversijos (EVR) jėga – rankiniu Lafayette dinamometru. Rezultatai. Nustatytas dinaminės pusiausvyros sutrikimas dėl penkių iš aštuonių testo krypčių neatitikimo normą: ANT (χ2=5,12; p=0,02), MD (χ2=23,12; p<0.001), PM (χ2=11,52; p=0,001), PL (χ2=15,68; p<0,001), LA (χ2=28,88; p<0,001), statinės pusiausvyros sutrikimas (χ2=32,92; p<0,001). Padidėjusios pėdos amplitudės koreliavo su PF ir ANT (r= 0,39; p=0,005), MD (r= 0,46; p=0,001), DF su PL (r= 0,30; p=0,03), LA (r= 0,29; p=0,04), PM (r= 0,27; p=0,05).
ҒАРБ ВА ШАРҚ БАДИИЯТИДА АДАБИЙ ҚАҲРАМОН ВА МИЛЛИЙ РУҲ ИФОДАСИ
Authors: UMAROVA Makhliyo
Published: February 2021

Мақолада Ғарб ва Шарқ бадиий асарларида адабий қаҳрамон ва у орқали ифодаланган миллий колорит, миллий тарих ва миллат анъаналари масалалари таҳлилга тортилган. Адабиётшуносликда адабий қаҳрамон баҳс-мунозарали ва долзарб тушунчалардан ҳисобланади. Чунки бадиий асардаги қаҳрамон китобхон тафаккури, маънавияти, ахлоқининг ўзгаришига кўмак беради. Бадиий асарда муаллифнинг олам ва одам хусусидаги қарашлари қаҳрамон онги йўналишида ўз ифодасини топади. Ижобий қаҳрамон ўқувчи учун тақлид намунаси бўлгани боис қаҳрамон яратиш жуда мураккаб. Адабий қаҳрамоннинг таъсир кучи уларнинг ижобий ёки салбий бўлишида эмас, уларнинг ҳаётийлиги ва ҳаёт ҳақиқатига мослигидадир. Ҳар бир миллат ёзувчиси ўз қадриятлари, урф-одатлари заминида қаҳрамон яратади. Чунки унинг қаҳрамонида миллат ғояси, тили, миллат тарихи ва тақдири акс этиши тайин. Демак, ёзувчи қайси миллатга мансуб бўлса, қаҳрамонда ўша миллат руҳи ҳукмронлик қилади. Ғарб ва Шарқ асарлари қаҳрамонларини ўрганар эканмиз, улардаги муштарак жиҳатлар муаллиф характеристикасида, қаҳрамонлар диалогларида ва портрет чизиқларида намоён бўлганини гувоҳи бўламиз. Мақолада таниқли инглиз ва ўзбек ёзувчиларининг асарлари ва қаҳрамонлари таҳлил қилиниб, миллий ўзига хослик аниқланган.
BRAIN STEM EVOKED RESPONSE AUDIOMETRIC FINDINGS IN POST NEONATAL MENINGITIS
Authors: Vimal Vimlesh Ji , Sengupta Arundhati , Jana Debarshi
Published: February 2021

Background: Hearing loss is an important complication of meningitis. We usually advise BERA study for detection of hearing loss particularly sensorineural type. BERA is superior to pure tone audiometry in malingering patients.
Objective: To evaluate the sensorineural hearing following meningitis in children between 1 month to 2 years.
Material and methods: This was a cross sectional, observational study of children aged 1month to 2 years who were admitted in Department of Paediatrics, R. G Kar. Medical college, Kolkata during the period of January 2017-June 2018, the study includes 30 babies who were suffering from Meningitis.
Result: We found that out of 30 patients 23(76.7%) patients had no hearing loss, 3(10.0%) patients had mild hearing loss, (3.3%) patient had moderate hearing loss and 3(10.0%) patients had severe hearing loss in right ear.
Conclusion: BERA is a helpful tool for assessing the severity of Hearing loss in post-meningitis patient. It is a useful test for screening of SNHL, especially in the young children and infants in whom other conventional methods may not be of much use.
TO STUDY THE CLINICAL PROFILE OF SUSPECTED CASES OF COVID 19 PRESENTED TO EMERGENCY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.
Authors: Dave Rajvi , Jarwani Bhavesh , Nandani Sanket , Patel Tirth
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND : Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID 19) is an illness which is associated with the novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV -2).On December 2019, Wuhan City in China, became the epicenter of this pandemic. On March 17 2020 Ahmedabad reported its first positive case. On January 2020, Chinese scientists identified this as a novel coronavirus, temporarily labelled as, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. Its name was then changed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization in February 2020 as the disease spread worldwide [2]. COVID 19 pandemic has posed a huge threat to global public health .The clinical features of COVID-19 are very diverse, ranging from asymptomatic state to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi organ dysfunction. The common clinical features include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, headache, myalgia and breathlessness. Emergency workers carry a huge responsibility in this pandemic. We have to provide early triage and management of patients with suspected or confirmed infection in which inflammatory markers play an important role. More importantly we have to try to prevent the spread of infection and also be prepared to tackle such large footfalls in ED
STUDY OF LIPID AND THYROID PROFILE IN EARLY MENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN DR. B.R.AMBEDKAR MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL.
Authors: G Rekha , S Rajdeepak V , L Satish
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: Menopause is a normal, natural event, defined as the final menstrual period (FMP). Women now spend one third to one half of their lives after menopause. Women who underwent natural menopause before age 45 years had an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia which are considered as risk factors for ischemic heart disease.
METHODOLOGY: 50 early menopausal women attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of DR.B.R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, were randomly included in this study. All the patients are subjected to detailed history regarding demographic data, general physical examination (including vitals, weight, height, BMI). Investigations like Thyroid profile (T3,T4,TSH), Fasting Lipid Profile, ECG were done.
RESULTS: Study patients were found to be in 40-70 years age group, with maximum number of patients in 40-50 years group. Mean age of menopause is 42.34±1.92. Among the studied population 27(54%) patients had thyroid dysfunction. All 27 patients had hypothyroidism, 3(13%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism upon evaluation and rest of the patients were euthyroid. TSH was found to be higher 6.50±4.87 among the studied patients and was found to be statistically associated with thyroid disorders. In studied subjects 19(38%) had dyslipidemia, 1 patient had borderline and rest 30 patients had normal lipid profile. 17(34%) of studied patients had ischemic heart disease. Among the 17 patients having IHD, 10(58.82%) patients were hypothyroid, 15(88.23%) patients had hypertension and 10 (52.63%) had dyslipidemia. Amongst the studied subjects 33(66%) patients were overweight and 9(18%) patients were obese according to BMI.

CONCLUSION: Significant number of early menopausal women in this study have hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia and high BMI which are considered as risk factors for coronary artery disease. Hence screening can be recommended for early menopausal women for thyroid dysfunction, especially in those with increasing age , duration of menopause and overweight women to evaluate and correct dyslipidemia so as to prevent adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications and to prevent morbidity and mortality.
IN-VITRO ALPHA-AMYLASE AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF DECALEPIS HAMILTONII WIGHT AND ARN
Authors: S Srinivasan , A Rayar
Published: February 2021

Biologically active polyphenol, D-catechin was isolated from Decalepis hamiltonii and characterized by IR, 1 H- NMR 13C- NMR and evaluation of its in-vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities.
Bioactive compounds are deposited in many parts of the plants, such as in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. They protect the plants from diseases and contribute aroma, color and flavor.
Inhibitors 𝛼 - amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase delay the breaking down of carbohydrates in the small intestine and lower the postprandial blood glucose excursion. Methanolic extract showed the greater % inhibition of the alpha glucosidase enzyme compared to D-catechin. The herbal extracts produced a slightly weak alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition when compared with alpha amylase.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DYDROGESTERONE AND NATURAL MICRONISED PROGESTERONE (NMP) IN THREATENED ABORTION
Authors: Singh Priti , Sinha Krishna
Published: February 2021

Progesterone is also called as propregnacy hormone. Threatened abortion is bleeding that occurs during first twenty weeks of pregnancy. A major step in management includes supplementation of progesterone for continuing pregnancy. It has been suggested that some women who experience spontaneous abortion may not be producing enough progesterone, so by administrating adjuvant progesterone it may be possible to prevent miscarriage. There are several formulations. In this study ,we shall compare the efficacy of two form-the natural micronised progesterone & dydrogestrone, a synthetic form in threatened abortion. An observational study was undertaken in O & G department , JLN medical college , Bhagalpur for a period of one and half year. 50 women presented with either pain or bleeding PV within 12-20 wk of gestation. Each group of 25 given DYDR & NMP. Serum progesterone was measured at one &half month interval up to four& half months. Usg fetal weight monitored on day 0 & 135.
“KERATINS IN GINGIVAL: A REVIEW”
Authors: Sahani Aastha
Published: February 2021

The epithelium of gingiva is of stratified squamous type. Keratins are proteins present in the epithelium which protect the gingiva against mechanical stresses. Keratins are classified into two types- type I (acidic) and type II (basic). This review focuses on the types, structure, and distribution of keratins in the gingiva. A brief note has also been added on the disorders of keratin-associated with oral mucosa.
Cognitive-Femtocell Based Resource Allocation in Macrocell Network
Authors: Ghosh Joydev
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we articulate the network coverage issues for both Femto Users (FUs) and Macro Users (MUs) located at cell edges. The cognitive-femtocell networks functioning under the vicinity of a macrocell frontier where the parameters such as pathloss, shadowing, Rayleigh fading have considered into the system model. The users, located at network border are positioned far apart from the Macro Base Station (MBS). This can be treated as the underprivileged users. The underprivileged users are to be facilitated by the femto cell base stations to provide uninterrupted QoS. We present on the overall outage probability of Single Input single Output (SISO) users and Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) users, respectively, by taking several circumstantial components such as such as probability density function (PDF), location gap between base stations (BSs) and users, intra-tier interference and inter-tier interference into account. Further, evaluation has been extended by considering network throughput as the efficiency measures based on the sub-carrier and the power allotment in the dual tier network.
The Implications of Cognitive Femtocell Based Spectrum Allocation Over Macrocell Networks
Authors: Ghosh Joydev
Published: February 2021

We propose an analytical framework of significant influence of deployment of femto base stations (FBSs) in a dual-tier network constituted of macro base stations (MBSs). As because of uncoordinated deployment, FBSs results in destructive interference to MBSs and viceversa. But, throughput efficiency of indoor (Femtocell) and outdoor (Macrocell) environment substantially increases due to an optimum reutilization of available spectrum. The quality of service (QoS) is further getting optimized in terms of throughput and network coverage because of incorporation of steerable beamforming. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by extensive matlab simulation.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG METODE KONTRASEPSI DENGAN SIKAP TERHADAP PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI PADA AKSEPTOR KONTRASEPSI WANITA
Authors: Susanti Lasiah , Habsi Vanny Nurdelima
Published: February 2021

Family planning is the first program established by the Indonesian government as one of the methods to suppress population growth in Indonesia since 1970. Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) established a sustainable development program namely Kependudukan, Keluarga Berencana dan Pembangunan Keluarga (KKBPK) which is equivalent to the international level program Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Participants of Riau province are using active contraception from 2017-2018 always ranks 8th lowest out of 34 provinces in Indonesia with the most methods in the form of non- long-term contraception methods (non-MKJP). One of the reason is low of society knowledge related to contraceptive methods. Knowledge and attitude are  foundation in forming a behavior that is suitable with conditions for contraceptive acceptor.The purpose of this research was to know the relationship of knowledge about contraceptive methods with attitudes about the selection of contraceptive methods in women’s contraceptive acceptors in primary health center region of Pekanbaru city.The method of this research used analytic observational study design, with a cross sectional study design. This research was conducted at 12 primary health centers region of Pekanbaru city. The sampling technique is done by stratified random sampling with a sample size of 400 people and statistically tested using the Spearman correlation test. The result of spearman 's rho correlation analysis indicate there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (pvalue = 0.027) with a correlation coefficient value of 0.097.
OPTIMASI KOMBINASI HPMC DAN CARBOPOL DALAM FORMULA SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Escherichia coli
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional, Ardika Sari Christe Mareta , Andriani Disa ,   Program Studi S1 Farmasi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional, Wahyudi Didik
Published: February 2021

Papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) have antibacterial activity because they contain terpenoid, karpain and flavonoid compounds. Flavonoids have OH groups that can damage bacterial cell walls. The dry powder of papaya seeds was extracted by maceration method using 80% ethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal combination of HPMC and carbopol concentrations in the hand sanitizer gel of papaya seed ethanol extract which can influence the in vitro inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria. The data analysis used in this study was one way ANOVA and then continued with the Post Hoc Tests. The results of the study obtained a yield of 6.933%. The optimum formula obtained is RUN 8 with a concentration of HPMC: Carbopol (0.25gram: 0.75gram). The results of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria obtained an average of 44.25 mm from the two samples. The statistical results obtained stated that there was no significant difference between the concentration of A and ciprofloxacin as a positive control.
PENGUKURAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PASIEN PESERTA JKN DENGAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG ISKEMIK DI INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT ST. ELISABETH SEMARANG
Authors:   Politeknik Katolik Mangun Wijaya, Rukminingsih Fef , Kusuma Dewi Nike
Published: February 2021

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is defined as a lack of oxygen and decreased or absent blood flow to the myocardium caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries. Hypertension is a risk factor that plays an important role in IHD. Hypertension therapy in IHD patients aims to prevent death, myocardial infarction. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of blood pressure targets in IHD patients participating in JKN in the outpatient installation of St. Elisabeth Hospital Semarang. This research is a descriptive observational study using retrospective data. Data obtained from the medical records. The inclusion criteria were JKN participant patients with IHD in the Outpatient Installation of St. Elisabeth Hospital Semarang for the period of October-December 2019 who received antihypertensive, aged 26-65 years, had blood pressure data for two consecutive months. The results were 88 patients, consisting of 64 (72.73%) male patients, 46 (52.27%) patients aged 56-65 years. 57 (64.78%) patients had comorbidities, the most comorbidities were type 2 diabetes. The most widely used antihypertensive agents were beta blockers. A total of 82 (93.18%) patients reached the target blood pressure based on JNC 8. The greater the success in achieving the therapeutic target, the risk of death from IHD will decrease.
Renewable Energy Production from Agricultural Waste and Hydrogen Battery Formation
Authors: P Hengjinda , Chen Joy Iong Zong
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the growth of solar and wind power installation has not grown in par with its electrical grid integration. Hence this proposed work uses frictional Pyrolysis to enable this integration by converting electrical energy into mechanical work without any indication of excess heat requirement. The renewable energy that is in excess can be used in conversion of agricultural residue to biocoal. This is the basis of of renewable battery. In this work a case study is presented such that biomass characteristics are examined and further transformed to bio coal. Observations indicate that in the past decade there is a significant increase in wind power installation (258%) and the number of solar PVs installed have also accounted for 21,437 GWh. From the biomass initial stage, the total amount of energy produced lies within the range 78% to 89%. This methodology of using renewable battery ensures that the environment state cleaner and carbon sequestration and also be implemented in agricultural development.
THE PROBLEMATICS OF MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE IN THE EU AND THE CURRENT SITUATION OF REGIONALIZATION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS ISSUES
Authors: Prášil František
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: This article deals with the issue of multilevel governance in the European Union. Firstly, it introduces the reader to the issue of multilevel governance in the relationship between the European Union and the Czech Republic. It focuses on processes, principles of multilevel governance, their development over time (especially after the Czech Republic's accession to the European Union). Secondly, the article examines the changes within the Czech Republic after its accession to the EU with regard to regions and regionalization. It points out the problems associated with drawing the EU structural funds. The article also deals with the issues of EU vs. Andrej Babiš and his business activities, in particular, the much-discussed Stork's Nest case. By summarizing the findings, the article attempts to provide readers with enough information to be able to get their own idea of whether or not the current Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš has a conflict of interest with his business activities.
Safety Analysis of Pedestrians As Users of Road Traffic in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Kohút Pavel , Macurová Ludmila , Felcan Miroslav
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: The paper deals with the analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians in the Slovak Republic. The development of traffic accidents involving pedestrians is processed through statistical data for the period 2011 - 2019. The paper defines the risk groups of road users, identified areas with the highest traffic accidents, evaluated the negative consequences of traffic accidents and identified their possible causes. A separate chapter is a case study consisting of an analysis of a vehicle - pedestrian accident. Based on the performed analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians, safety measures are set to minimize the number of traffic accidents involving pedestrians and their negative consequences. The study is one of the outputs of the APVV-17-0217 project "Staffing of police officers and application of the principle of proportionality in criminal and administrative law.
Public Law of Ukraine under the conditions of a post-industrial state
Authors: Fedoruk Nataliia
Published: February 2021

In this paper the problem of inconsistency between current principle of Public Law and principles of humanity and anthropocent -rism, which is defined by the shortage of due diligence of scientists to the problem of essence transformation and functions of modernstate as the target of research of Public Law is investigated.Fundamental beliefs of domestic science of Public Law correspond to the traditional (industrial) awareness of a state as verticallyintegrated management system, it has an expressive hierarchic structure with a pyramidal distribution of power on the territory of itsinfluence and prescribes certain rules (laws), which are mandatory.A post-industrial, human-centered state is an institution of civil society (namely, the highest form of its organization), which distinguishesit from a traditional state, where there is a single source of “state administration” – is a group of people or one person whorepresents the leadership. The act becomes a law not because the act is issued and provided by the state, but because such activity ofthe state is legitimized by the society. That is, the state appears as one of the instruments of legal regulation, but only under the conditionof its public legitimacy. In such a state, law is not the output of governmental power aimed at regulating and managing society, but atthe means of regulating and limiting governmental power, which is created by people for human activity, and the state itself becomesan active participant in law-making and guarantor of proper implementation of legal norms.It has been determined that the awareness of the essence of the modern state in the domestic science of Public Law correspondsto the model of traditional (industrial) state-legal relations, while domestic Legal science and practice of Public Law requires changesin existing fundamental beliefs that would reflect the essence of post-industrial (information) state.
Formation of legal regulation of land relations in the Volyn province as part of the Russian Empire (1793–1917)
Authors: Lesyk Oksana
Published: February 2021

In modern conditions of great scientific and practical interest is the study of historical experience of legal regulation of land relationsin the Volyn province as part of the Russian Empire (1793–1917), which will help to understand and highlight the basics of historicaldevelopment of legal regulation of land relations in Ukraine. The study and generalization of this historical and legal experience will make it possible to use certain achievements to clarify the origins of national land law. Historical and legal research of this topicwill contribute to a deeper understanding of the protection of property rights and the peculiarities of its legal regulation, increase theefficiency of the institution of property rights at the present stage of establishment of the Ukrainian state.The article is devoted to the characteristics of the formation of legal regulation of land relations in the Volyn province as part ofthe Russian Empire (1793–1917).The author notes that in land relations in Volyn as part of the Russian Empire (late XVIII – early XX centuries.) There were certainfeatures not typical of other Ukrainian regions: there were strong influences of Polish law, which could not be completely eliminatedfrom practical application; in Volyn, local customary law, designed to regulate land relations (from purchase and sale to inheritance),had a strong influence; significant role in the economic and social life of the region was played by large landowners.It is concluded that in the early twentieth century. the largest amount of land in the Volyn province was owned by large landow -ners (including German and Czech colonists), while the peasantry, which was the largest group of the population of the then Volyn,owned a small amount of land. At that time there was an evolution of land relations in the countryside, resulting in a reduction in thenumber of landed estates and social stratification of the peasantry.So, in the land legal relations in Volyn as a part of the Russian Empire (the end of the XVIII – the beginning of the XX century)certain peculiarities were observed, which were not peculiar to other Ukrainian regions.
Current Issues of Normo-designing of the Legal Status OF Human and Citizen in the Constitutional Law of Ukraine: to the Formation of the Procedure and Stage Paradigm
Authors: Kofman Borys
Published: February 2021

Topical issues of the processes of forming the paradigm of procedural and stage support of norm-designing of legal status of aperson and a citizen in the constitutional law of Ukraine are investigated, and considerations regarding their normative-technologicaldecision, support and provision are given.It is stated that the search for optimal models of the relationship between the state and the individual has always been a difficultproblem, but at the heart of its positive solution is a high and qualitative level of standard-project activity in the sphere of normative(legislative) maintenance of the constitutional and legal status of a person (individual) and citizen.

Analyzing the formation and development of such a constitutional-legal status in different states in historical retrospect, it isnecessary to pay close attention to its evolutionary-dynamic character – the amount of rights and freedoms that the state gave its citizensvaried precisely in the dependence and understanding of its chronological development, – optimal models were crucially dependent onthe nature of society, type of property, democracy, development of economy, culture and other objective conditions, but they were alsolargely determined by the government, the law, s, the ruling class, that is, subjective factors.In the process of finding models of the relationship of the state with the person (personality), the main difficulties were not onlythe establishment of such systems and order, in which the personality would be able to freely develop their potential (abilities, talent,intelligence), and national goals – the fact that unites all – would be acknowledged and respected, and the relevant technologically-formalizedaspects of the activities of authorized persons for normalization, normalization, formulation, formalization, legalization, implementationand guarantee of implementation of normative guidelines that contain constitutional rights, freedoms and responsibilities ofthe individual (individual) and citizen – they arise in the process of norm-making (law-making), an important part of which is the normprojectactivity in the sphere of formation and development of such constitutional-legal status.It is proved that in the process of defining the architectonics (structure) of the legal status of a person and a citizen, which is thecore of the normative expression of the basic principles of the relationship between the person and the state – in order to carry out normoprojectiveactivity in the field of expertise we face a number of difficulties of a definitive, methodological, ontological, ontologicaland a praxeological property that is directly relevant to the norm-design and find their solution in the process of such activity and itsresults, because the profile status is obtained from OE expression of the rights, freedoms and duties of man.
Formation of local self-government bodies of Ukraine in soviet times
Authors: Maksimenko Yuriy
Published: February 2021

oday, as a result of the reform of decentralization and administrative-territorial organization, actually a new administrative-territorialunit is being established in Ukraine – a united community. But the basis and at the same time the reason for the joint of communitieswere first of all the most numerous local and at the same time the smallest administrative-territorial units in Ukraine – villagecouncils, inherited by Ukraine since Soviet times.Historically, the state and municipal system of modern Ukraine did not arise by itself, but was built on the “foundation” of theSoviet era, because Ukraine as an independent state is the successor of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), which, in turn –the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR), founded 100 years ago – in 1919. The smallest local authority in Soviet times and afterthe declaration of independence in Ukraine was the village council, which for a hundred years of its existence evolved from a componentof the mechanism of state governance at places to the basic level of local self-government.The article presents the result of historical and legal study of the establishment and development of the structural organization oflocal administrative bodies in Ukraine during the Soviet era on the example of village councils, their legal status, structure, main powersand tasks done by these bodies and the status of their members and officials. Village councils became the basic bodies of local managementof Soviet Ukraine and its smallest administrative-territorial units. On the basis of the organization of the activities of Sovietvillage councils with certain evolutionary changes, local self-governing bodies – village councils of independent Ukraine – still functiontoday. Investigation of formation and development of these bodies in the Soviet period of the history of the state and law of Ukrainedeserves the attention of legal science, including in the current reform of decentralization and administrative-territorial organization.
Problems of enforcement of the right to human dignity in Ukraine
Authors: Moisei Heorhii
Published: February 2021

The article examines the problems of enforcement of the right to human dignity in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the modernmodel of realization and protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms is an integral attribute for sustainable development ofsociety, and the right to dignity as a determining human right occupies a central place in the system of constitutional law.A special attention is drawn on the double dimension of human dignity in the Constitution of Ukraine, its significance and specialplace in the system of constitutional law.The legal views of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in terms of knowledge and substantiation of human dignity, its key rolein the development of the human rights protection system, the tendency to change approaches to the interpretation of this concept overthe past 20 years have been analyzed.An attention is also focused on the inexpediency of using a positivist approach during interpretation of such a right category ashuman dignity.The author takes up the position that understanding the right to human dignity is essential to the development of natural legaldoctrine of human rights.The problem of exercising the right to human dignity is to develop own approaches to understanding human dignity, and so thatthe adoption of quality decisions by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.The multidimensional understanding and grounding of human dignity has been analyzed by the Federal Constitutional Court ofGermany, which considers the human dignity as a fundamental right.

It is also noted that the use of such practices is a consequence of the globalization approach to the constitutional interpretation.Primarily, the human dignity accomplishes the function of restricting the legislator in matters relating to the protection of the absolutelyuntouchable sphere.A conclusion was drawn that all acts of the state must comply with it, this is a criterion for the country’s compliance with thesupremacy of law. Human dignity is the main objective of the constitutional state.
State (official) language proficiency as an obligatory condition to acquire citizenship: Ukrainian and European experience
Authors: Spodynskyi Oleksandr
Published: February 2021

Article presents study of state (official) language proficiency as a ground facilitating the acquisition of citizenship along withthorough analysis of European practices related to verification of language mastering level.
Problems of the law choice and its limitations while EPC-contracts concluding
Authors: Nykytchenko Nataliia , Ostrynskiy Vladyslav
Published: February 2021

Due to the rapid development of social relations in Ukraine, national legislation can`t keep up to regulate them properly, whichforce businesses to use the rules of foreign jurisdictions or the pro-forms of international specialized organizations to carry out the cont -ractual transactions more frequently. The article provides examples of how the complex contractual relations are governed in practiceand how the businesses are forced to protect its interests while entering into EPC-contracts.The authors have researched the emergence of the contract templates, which were created by International Federation of ConsultingEngineers (FIDIC) and the way to use such templates according to Ukrainian law. Also, the article analyzes application of certainprovisions of the economic and civil legislation, which are reflected in EPC-contracts. Individual cases that were considered by theInternational Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine were analyzed as well.There is substantiated the opinion that regarding to provision of the contractual limitation of obligations for the actual losses feesand damages caused to economic entities as well as the possibility to freely use the international organizations pro-form in case whenits provisions do not contradict the imperative norms of the Ukrainian legislation and the principles of economic management inUkraine. Also, article analyzes how the choice of law can be made while concluding an EPC contract. The authors presented their theseson how the provisions of the EPC contract should be harmonized with the norms of national legislation.The authors support theory of Dépeçage to introduce a number of protective provisions, which include the existence of mandatoryrules in the legal system of a state, which would make it impossible to circumvent the law, and contain reservations about public order.This research shows that there is an opportunity to gain many advantages by the application of the theory of Dépeçage in EPC-cont racts.
Privacy and the concept of generations of human rights
Authors: Sofiiuk Taras
Published: February 2021

The article studies the approaches to the concept of the «private sphere» of human life that are present in legal thought. Attentionhas been paid to the principles on the basis of which the human rights and freedoms in interstate relations are protected. The circumstancesthat are important for finding the optimal correlation between the human right to personal data protection and the right to informationare considered. The theoretical approaches to the concept of «three generations» of human rights that are present in legal thoughtare studied. The description of different generations of human rights is given. The discussions on the third generation of human rightswhich are ongoing and show that the list of human rights is not permanent and can be extended are considered. The consideration isgiven to the need to ensure human rights in the information society. Attention is paid to the issue of distinctive features of the «personalrights» category. It is indicated that personal rights are usually attributed to the so-called first generation of rights (in accordance withthe historical stages of affirmation of rights). The circumstances under which the right to respect for privacy arose are clarified. Thephenomenons that form the basis of the right to privacy of personal information and of the awareness of the concept of the «privatesphere» of human life are highlighted. The emergence of the right to respect for privacy as a broader category, which later became thebasis for the development of an independent legal institution of personal data is considered. The history of judicial approbation of thefirst concept of the right to privacy in the United States is reflected. The problematic aspects of legal formation of the right to privacyare considered. The position that is present in legal thought according to which it is advisable to divide the general problem of protectinghuman privacy into sectors that require separate legislative regulation is studied. It is stated that the «personal rights» category meansthat the subject has such acts that ensure his or her autonomy, priority of internal, individual guidelines. The measures that can help tosolve the problems related to finding an optimal correlation between the human right to personal data protection and the right to informationare proposed.
The legal borders of the responsibility in private law
Authors: Dubytska Nataliya
Published: February 2021

The given article is dedicated to the research of the conception and principles of civil responsibility and to the analysis of thedynamics and legal relationship’s matter of civil responsibility, it is determined the functions and regulations of civil responsibility andit is considered several questions about conditions and effectiveness of civil responsibility in the dissertation.The need of new meaning of the legal responsibility is attempt to set in the present article. In article the author’s position on thequestion of the reinterpretation legal liability is proposed, problems of a civil liability in the system of the legal responsibility are investigated,works of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists are analyzed and changes in the legislation of Ukraine are offered.The author of this article propose personal way of resolving the underlined problems. The deep analysez of the researchers ofUkrainian and foreign scholars are proposed.One only priority arising from this research is need for greater familiarity with the substance and the meaning of long establishedhuman rights terminology in the languages through which this discussion is really proposed.A new combination of substantive human rights information, drawn from a variety of sources and also professional terminologyis clear. Meets a critical need in Ukrainian legal cooperation, the main vision in this research is definitely argued with the conditionsregards the main learning about legal liability. Written in a clear form, this publications combines factual information, according to thenowadays legislation, with a variety points of view of majority scholars. The main purpose of this article is emphasized mainly throughthe legal “bridge» of diversity by top meaning. However, the author’s point regards the borders of liability in private law is well-doneindeed.Notwithstanding its somewhat misleading name, it is clear that equitable form of liability can function, in some cases at least asa cause of action. The legal responsibility arising where a defendant breaches a contract or commits a delict may be seen as a ordinary(not twice) liability, as it depends on a delict by the defendant of a primary duty, imposed by the law of contract actually. The concept of an equity by contract liability may appear to be somewhat fabulous. It is often said for example, that, even after the facts giving riseto the enable rights have occurred, but before any court order in his or her favour, a claimant has only an “inchoate equity», rather thanany more specific right against the defendant. The conceptual doctrine fits well, on the other hand, with the idea of a primary liabilityaltogether is presented by authorThe legal borders of the private responsibility: The article is devoted to the multidisciplinary research about the borders of theprivate responsibility in the law system. The author vision in the research is emphasized mainly on the problem of determination.
On the question of the ratio between the condictio and the vindicatio
Authors: Romanska Iryna
Published: February 2021

The scientific article is devoted to the solution of the scientific-applied problem of delimitation of the obtaining, keeping of pro -perty without sufficient legal basis with the vindicatio.The criteria for the ratio of a reclaim owner’s property from someone else’s illegal possession and a condictio claim are consi -dered. Both common and distinctive features of these legal institutions are analyzed. Vindicatio and condictio lawsuits are effectiveways to protect property rights, not measures of liability.Obligations arising from the obtaining, keeping of property without sufficient legal basis, as well as reclaim owners property fromsomeone else’s illegal possession, by their legal nature belong to the number of renewable, protective and non-contractual legal relations.The similarity can be seen in the so-called criteria as «right to follow». It is concluded that the range of persons entitled to file acondictio claim is wider than the subjects entitled to vindicatio.The main difference between condictio and vindicatio is that a claim for the return of property from someone else owns withoutsufficient legal basis is a legal remedy, and a claim for recovery of property from someone else’s illegal possession is a legal claim. Itis established that in contrast to vindicatio, the fact that the illegal purchaser actually owns the thing, in the case of condictio is not decisive.It is justified that in comparison with the vindicatio the condictio obligation has a wider range of action and is applied regardlessof the good faith of the purchaser and regardless of how the property was taken out of the possession of the creditor.Based on the generalization of theoretical research, analysis of current legislation of Ukraine, it is established that the obligationof condictio is a universal independent way to protect subjective civil law and an effective means of influencing the illegal acquirer.Condictio is applied in the alternative to vindicatio, when a certain requirement of the titular owner of the property is not covered bythe regulations of the main method of protection. The author concludes that it is impossible to compete in vindicatio and condictioclaims.
Contemporary gender context: novelties, perspectives, discussions
Authors: Onishchenko Nataliia
Published: February 2021

The current development of gender issues is characterized by many discussions. Among the issues discussed the most, of course,are: preventing and combating discrimination against women belonging to vulnerable groups, gender-based violence and its relationshipto the social role of the individual, beating gender stereotypes, constructing gender equality, access to justice, and recent eventsrelated to the Biarritz Partnership.

It should be noted that freedom, equality, honor, dignity is the best “guidelines” of the democratic status of an individual in mo -dern society. Legal criteria indicating the content of these categories, their completeness and development, in accordance with Europeanstandards, should be the focus and matter of honor for legal scholars and practitioners. And this leads to the successful polylogue of thestate, civil society and an individual. The construction of gender equality is determined by the state of human rights protection, and genderrights are no exception.The nature of law and human nature have always been and now are of interest, being discussed in philosophy, politics, sociologyand legal doctrine. Today, these discussions are widespread in civil society.High-quality, detailed study of the gender aspect in legal regulation, improvement of means and mechanisms to intensify genderrelations, their adequate use in the legal field will give opportunities for improving the effectiveness of regulatory influence on civilsociety and will reach a new level of legal form. In Ukrainian legislation, gender relations are regulated by constitutional norms, normsof a sectoral nature, a special law and by-laws.This provides an opportunity to speak about the system of laws governing gender relations. It is also legitimate to state that theselaws take a certain place in the system of national legislation and of international law. This leads to the conclusion about the possibilityof conflicts in law and the need to develop ways to overcome them.In this context, one should draw attention t to the Biarritz Partnership, which was launched by the leaders of the G7 at the summitin Biarritz on 25 August 2019 under the lead of French President Emmanuel Macron.Ukraine obtained the status of a member of the Biarritz Partnership, the international initiative of equal rights and opportunities.This accession was initiated by the First Lady in December 2019. It has been repeatedly emphasized that this is another step towardsequality in a broad sense, regardless of gender, age, culture, or mental differences. Ukrainian authorities have undertaken obligationsin five areas:– developing barrier-free public space, friendly to families with children and low-mobility groups;– teaching the principles of equality between women and men to children;– preventing violence;– reducing the pay gap between women and men;– creating more opportunities for men to care for children.