bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Photosensitivity Pixel for Synchronous Spiking Sensor
Authors: Nie Kaiming , Yang Zhao , Shi Xiaopei , He Yanghao , Xu Jiangtao , Gao Jing
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a novel spiking pixel based on the synchronous readout operation. This design achieves pixel adaptation sensitivity to light, effectively overcoming a fundamental challenge of conventional pixels. It is achieved by assessing the trigger interval, which is the number of frame periods required for two successive pulses in the pixel's output, and dynamically adjusting the reference voltage. Combined with this technique, this novel spiking pixel can enhance sensitivity under low illumination conditions; simultaneously, it seeks to reduce trigger frequency in high‐light conditions. Analysis of the proposed pixel reveals that it extends dynamic range and reduce the impact of the average relative error, representing a notable improvement over existing traditional pixel designs. When the ratio between the two integration voltage ranges of the proposed pixel is 9, the dynamic range can be extended by 18.26 dB. With integration voltage ranges of 300 and 900 mV, the mean average relative error of the proposed pixel is 0.1261 under varying Process, Voltage, and Temperature conditions, demonstrating superior performance compared to the traditional pixels.
Finding connections to help students move forward
Authors: May Rachel
Published: December 2024

Jason Shrontz is a full‐time faculty member at Klamath Community College, where he teaches courses in research writing, film, screenwriting, and fiction. He also supports local high school teachers who offer writing courses for college credit and works closely with administration and faculty to design and integrate ethical AI use in the classroom. He earned his PhD in English at the University of Rhode Island and wrote his dissertation on corporeality and human connection in the digital world. He, his wife, and four children enjoy biking the trails in southern Oregon.
Synaptophysin Positive Pulmonary Glomus Tumor Mimics Carcinoid Tumor on Fine‐Needle Aspiration
Authors: Shen Yuan , Raza Roshan , Ramineni Maheshwari , Marginean Celia , Sur Nilanjana , Wang Brant G.
Published: December 2024

Glomus tumors are benign vascular soft tissue neoplasms of glomus bodies. Primary lung glomus tumors are rare and usually express smooth muscle markers, and are negative for cytokeratin and neuroendocrine markers in immunohistochemistry. We report a case of a primary lung glomus tumor showing diffuse, strong, aberrant immunoexpression for synaptophysin and morphologically mimicking a low‐grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor).
Comparison of the Dynamics of the Flowing Drainage Network and Water Chemistry for Four Headwater Catchments
Authors: Bujak‐Ozga Izabela , von Freyberg Jana , Rinaldo Andrea , van Meerveld Ilja
Published: December 2024

The re‐emergence of water in dry stream reaches affects streamwater chemistry due to the flushing of sediment and nutrients from previously dry channels and the increased connectivity between hillslopes and streams. Although these processes have been studied at the reach scale, field data on stream network dynamics and hydrochemistry at the catchment scale are rare. We studied the temporal changes in the flowing drainage network (FDN) and hydrochemistry for two 5‐ha catchments in the Swiss pre‐Alps and two 25‐ to 32‐ha catchments on the Swiss Plateau. At each site, one catchment was relatively flat and had an extensive stream network augmented by artificial ditches, while the other catchment was relatively steep and had a shorter stream network where flow was maintained by springs. The dynamics of the FDN differed substantially for the geomorphologically different catchments in each region, despite their proximity, comparable size, soil and bedrock characteristics. Hydrochemistry and FDN were more dynamic in the flatter catchments with the extensive but shallow channels and ditches. For these catchments, nitrate mobilisation and a notable ‘first flush’ of solutes were observed during most rainfall events. Hydrochemistry and FDN remained relatively stable in the steeper catchments fed by perennial springs. These results highlight the notable spatial variations in stream chemistry responses to precipitation events and the insights that can be gained by joint observations of the FDN and hydrochemical dynamics.
Greening the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Selenides: I2/TBHP‐Promoted Selenocyclization of 2‐Allylphenols
Authors: Bartz Ricardo H. , Souza Pedro S. , Iarocz Lucas E. B. , Hellwig Paola S. , Jacob Raquel G. , Silva Márcio S. , Lenardão Eder J. , Perin Gelson
Published: December 2024

In this work we describe the synthesis of selenium‐containing dihydrobenzofurans through the selenocyclization reaction of 2‐allylphenols. The reaction procedure uses only an I2/TBHP oxidant system at room temperature, enabling an efficient synthesis of 2‐[(organoselanyl)methyl]‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. The products are formed immediately after the addition of the oxidant system in a mixture of 2‐allylphenol and diorganyl diselenide, in the absence of solvent, at mild experimental conditions. Furthermore, control experiments were carried out, including 77Se NMR analyses to identify intermediates, which contributed to the elucidation of the reaction mechanism.
Management of the Motivation System of University Teachers in the Republic of Kazakhstan Under Modern Conditions
Authors: Shakual Shara , Zakirova Dilnara
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze the system of motivation of scientific and pedagogical workers, which operates today in universities, to assess the satisfaction of teachers with the current motivation system that exists in the university and, based on the results of the analysis and evaluation, to formulate recommendations that will be aimed at improving the motivation system of teaching staff in universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used in the study: synthesis, comparison, economic and statistical analysis, generalization and interpretation of the results obtained, and graphical representation of data. The data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the results of an Internet survey conducted on the Google Forms platform were used as a source of statistical information. The results of the study are as follows: the dynamics of the number of teachers in the country has been studied, the analysis of the system of labor motivation in universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been carried out, and recommendations aimed at improvement have been formulated. The practical significance of this study is determined by the fact that the proposed recommendations can be the basis for the development of a new system of motivation in universities.
Educational Intervention and Menopausal Adapting: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khandehroo Mansooreh , Salary Maryam , Mahdizadeh Mehrsadat , Peyman Nooshin
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Menopause is a multifaceted condition with several problems. Educational interventions regarding self‐care and limiting exposure to menopausal warning indicators can help to minimize problems. As a result, the study aimed to investigate the influence of educational intervention on variables influencing menopausal adaptation.

Methods

This study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) intervention in which the researcher developed a standard questionnaire (kapa = o/99, CVR = 0/81, CVI = 0/96, ICC = 0/89) for 130 participants at four education sessions in Mashhad, Iran, in 2023. This questionnaire was completed before the intervention, shortly afterward, and 3 months later.

Results

The average age was 52 ± 4 years, with no significant difference between the two groups. According to the regression model findings immediately following the intervention, the factors of education level, income level, and age had no significant influence on the overall score of the questionnaire. The linear regression model revealed that the intervention group had a higher average score of 13.89. The outcomes 3 months after the intervention were identical to those immediately following the intervention. Three months after the intervention, there was a substantial change in the score for encountering warning signals and seeking help and self‐care compared to before (p‐value = 0.002, p‐value < 0.001, p‐value = 0.003).

Conclusion

According to the findings of this study, the educational intervention improved the adjusting variables to menopause. Designing proper education interventions can improve menopause adaption by increasing the element of seeking support and self‐care, as well as coping with menopausal warning symptoms. Longer interventions, however, are required to influence menopausal appraisal and comprehension.
The Role of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Karabulut Ece , Sheikhah Dalal , Kantawala Burhan , Gallo Misgana , Soufan Fatima , Wojtara Magda
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Structural and functional cardiac defects leading to inadequate tissue oxygenation is known as Heart failure (HF) which is characterized by extensive morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology of HF involves systolic and diastolic dysfunction, neurohormonal dysregulation, and imbalance in inflammatory mediators which complicates treatment further. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an approach used for restoring ventricular synchrony and enhancing mechanical efficiency. This study discusses various key points of CRT and its uses in HF and discusses challenges and future implications.

Methods

An extensive review of the literature was conducted with evidence from several databases like Medline, PubMed Central, and Embase. Preference was given to articles published after 2010, but relevant articles even pre‐2010 were included. Mendeley was used as a reference manager for formatting.

Results

Functional improvements and an enhanced quality of life across a diverse range of patients have been demonstrated using CRT. This has significantly impacted the mortality rates of patients with HF. This manuscript conducted a comparative analysis various hallmark clinical trials conducted in lieu of CRT, across many years (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2017, 2018, 2020). All trials have noted the supremacy of CRT compared to pharmaceutical treatment or other therapeutic methods. Majority of the trial participants had an LVEF of ≤ 35%, a QRS duration of ≤ 150 ms, and were categorized as NYHA class II–IV before initiation of CRT and, posttreatment, LVEF was improved significantly. The main advantages noted were functional improvements, such as enhanced quality of life and reduced mortality.

Conclusion

There have been multiple efforts undertaken to address the challenges in CRT, which include a reduction in the rates of nonresponding patients and using alternative adjunctive therapies like defibrillators. These have been shown to improve outcomes among HF patients. Although CRT is noted to be very efficient, some challenges like technological limitations, uncertainty regarding optimal pacing, and nonresponding patients, exist. Ongoing research aims to further develop and revolutionize HF care and improve patient outcomes across the world by refining patient selections and CRT efficacy.
Recent Progress in Tactile Sensing and Machine Learning for Texture Perception in Humanoid Robotics
Authors: Yu Longteng , Liu Dabiao
Published: December 2024

Humanoid robots have garnered substantial attention recently in both academia and industry. These robots are becoming increasingly sophisticated and intelligent, as seen in health care, education, customer service, logistics, security, space exploration, and so forth. Central to these technological advancements is tactile perception, a crucial modality through which humanoid robots exchange information with their external environment, thereby facilitating human‐like behaviors such as object recognition and dexterous manipulation. Texture perception is particularly vital for these tasks, as the surface morphology of objects significantly influences recognition and manipulation abilities. This review addresses the recent progress in tactile sensing and machine learning for texture perception in humanoid robots. We first examine the design and working principles of tactile sensors employed in texture perception, differentiating between touch‐based and sliding‐based approaches. Subsequently, we delve into the machine learning algorithms implemented for texture perception using these tactile sensors. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future opportunities in this evolving field. This review aims to provide insights into the state‐of‐the‐art developments and foster advancements in tactile sensing and machine learning for texture perception in humanoid robotics.
Polarization Imaging Method for Detection of Lung Cancer Based on Symmetrical Single LCVR
Authors: Song Yuan , Huang Danfei , Wang Tianyi , Xie Yi , Song Dong , Hong Jinghui , Yang Yushi , Yan Jiaxuan
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer ranks among the three most prevalent cancers worldwide. Polarization imaging technology can effectively distinguish between cancerous and normal tissues. The most commonly applied method for cancer detection is the dual‐rotating wave plate polarization imaging system (DWRPIS), which is cumbersome and prone to significant error due to 60 mechanical rotations. To address this, our experiment leveraged the stability of the Liquid Crystal Variable Retarder (LCVR) and, based on existing theoretical foundations for simplifying the use of LCVRs, designed a symmetric single‐LCVR polarization imaging system (SSLPIS) for the first time to detect lung cancer images. The SSLPIS is easy to operate, completing the entire acquisition process in just 150 s, with effective Mueller matrix imaging and an overall accuracy rate of over 90%, offering a faster and more precise detection method. This new approach provides an innovative pathway for the rapid detection of lung cancer.
A pilot study for assessing NAO humanoid robot assistance in shoulder rehabilitation
Authors: Raso Alessandra , Pulcinelli Martina , Schena Emiliano , Puglisi Alfio , Pioggia Giovanni , Carnevale Arianna , Longo Umile Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the potential application of NAO in guiding patients through rehabilitative exercises using external audiovisual stimuli, focusing on temporospatial control in terms of range of motion (ROM), execution time and movement smoothness.

Methods

This is a preliminary analysis involving ten healthy volunteers and two patients with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The protocol was developed in two phases (III and IV) with different ROM limits and including flexion–extension (FE), external‐rotation (ER) and internal‐rotation (IR) exercises, performed at two speeds and both with and without NAO assistance. Simultaneously, upper limb kinematics were assessed using a stereophotogrammetric system as a reference. Performance was evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) for ROM and execution time, with smoothness assessed through Log Dimensionless Jerk analysis.

Results

In phase III, results for volunteers showed ROM differences in FE and ER, while IR was unaffected by NAO presence. In phase IV, NAO assistance resulted in reduced MAE across nearly all exercises. Patients who only performed phase III exercises at lower speed stayed within ROM limits for all movements performed with NAO, except for ER. For all the participants, results showed a significant reduction in the time MAE when using NAO. Patients exhibit greater smoothness during FE performed with NAO.

Conclusions

NAO showed potential in aiding patients with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders to replicate rehabilitation exercises, guiding both ROM and timing while influencing movement smoothness. NAO imitation could lead to improved rehabilitation outcomes and enhanced motor learning of motor skills, fostering greater adherence to prescribed therapy.

Level of Evidence

Level V, diagnostic.
The paradox of lumbopelvic alignment in anterolateral and posterolateral phenotypes of symptomatic hip dysplasia
Authors: Haertlé Marco , Lübbecke Malte , Becker Nils , Windhagen Henning , Karisch Quentin , Ahmad Sufian S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The relationship between sagittal lumbopelvic alignment and the bony pathomorphology of hip dysplasia is currently at the forefront of clinical and scientific interest. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a compensatory lumbopelvic aspect associated with the two major acetabular phenotypes in dysplastic hips.

Methods

From September 2022 to March 2024, a total of 145 patients with symptomatic bilateral hip dysplasia were included in the study. Hips were categorized into either anterolateral or posterolateral morphologies based on anteroposterior pelvic x‐rays. Additionally, the lumbopelvic sagittal alignment was determined radiographically. Furthermore, a multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the association of lumbopelvic sagittal alignment with additional independent factors.

Results

Pelvic tilt (PT) significantly differed between the anterolateral and posterolateral phenotypes of hip dysplasia (16.84° ± 8.75° vs. 11.51° ± 6.63°, respectively; p < 0.001). Similar significant findings were observed for pelvic incidence (57.19° ± 12.96° vs. 50.75° ± 13.1°, respectively; p < 0.001). A PT of >14.5° was identified as the most likely factor associated with anterolateral dysplasia.

Conclusions

The results of this study reveal a paradox in the hip–spine association in hip dysplasia. Contrary to previous theories, it seems that PT constitutes a component of the corresponding phenotype of dysplastic pathology, rather than functioning as a compensatory tilt.

Level Evidence

Level III.
Safety of Colonoscopies in Patients on Advanced Heart Failure Therapies Who Received a Heart Transplant
Authors: Ansari Zaid , Ahmad Akram , Khan Osama Sharjeel , Reddi Vuha , Castro Fernando
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Patients undergoing evaluation for a heart transplant are frequently on inotropic medications or mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, which places them at a higher risk for anesthesia‐related complications. These patients often require colonoscopies for bleeding or screening purposes, but there are limited data on the safety and outcomes of colonoscopy in this setting.

Methods

This is a retrospective, two‐center study between the years 2015 and 2021 of patients with heart failure who subsequently underwent a heart transplant. To be included in the study, patients were required to be on advanced heart failure therapies at the time of colonoscopy. Advanced heart failure therapies were defined as requiring inotropes (milrinone or dobutamine), vasopressors (norepinephrine or vasopressin), or MCS such as an impella, left ventricular assist device (LVAD), intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP), or extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Indications for colonoscopy, adequacy of bowel preparation, and complications were reported.

Results

A total of 92 patients were included in the study. The most common indication was colon cancer screening (67%), and the remainder were performed due to gastrointestinal bleeding. An inadequate bowel preparation was reported on 20% of patients, but the cecum was reached in all of them. There was no association between the inadequacy of bowel preparation and the presence of MCS (20% vs. 17%, p value 0.67). In colonoscopies performed for screening, 8% (5/62) of patients were found to have an advanced adenoma. In colonoscopies performed for bleeding, 17% (5/30) had a source that required therapeutic intervention and use of hemostatic clips was the preferred modality. Only four patients had a complication of bleeding requiring clips after polypectomy during the index procedure, with no anesthesia‐related adverse events (such as hypotension, arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest) or addition of inotropes, vasopressors, or MCS.

Discussion

Colonoscopy in patients on advanced heart failure therapies is acceptable with not only a low rate of complications but also a high rate of inadequate bowel preparation.
C10 Has Positive Turán Density in the Hypercube
Authors: Grebennikov Alexandr , Marciano João Pedro
Published: December 2024

The ‐dimensional hypercube is a graph with vertex set such that there is an edge between two vertices if and only if they differ in exactly one coordinate. For any graph , define to be the maximum number of edges of a subgraph of without a copy of . In this short note, we prove that for any ,
where is the number of edges of . Our construction is strongly inspired by the recent breakthrough work of Ellis, Ivan, and Leader, who showed that ‘daisy’ hypergraphs have positive Turán density with an extremely clever and simple linear‐algebraic argument.
How do we define normal bowel frequency from newborn to teens?: A Bayesian meta‐analysis
Authors: Munasinghe Sachith , Manathunga Supun , Hathagoda Wathsala , Kuruppu Chandrani , Ranasinghe Priyanga , Devanarayana Niranga M. , Baaleman Desiree F. , Benninga Marc A. , Rajindrajith Shaman
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Defecation disorders are a common pediatric problem and bowel frequency is crucial in identifying them. The aim of this analysis is to define normal bowel frequencies in healthy children ranging from newborns to adolescents.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from their inception to February 2024, aiming to identify studies reporting bowel habits of healthy children (0–18 years). A Bayesian distribution modeling approach was adopted to pool the mean frequency of bowel opening using inverse‐variance weighing. A subgroup analysis and a meta‐regression were performed with Bayesian generalized additive mixed distributional models. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale modified for cross‐sectional studies.

Results

Seventeen studies were included in the analysis, including 22,698 children aged from 0 to 18 years. The subgroup meta‐analysis showed mean bowel frequencies for newborns, 1–6 months, 6–12 months, 1–2 years, 2–5 years, and over 5 years are 3.24 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 2.83–3.63), 1.99 (95% CrI: 1.77‐2.19), 1.66 (95% CrI: 1.45–1.88), 1.53 (95% CrI: 1.37–1.7), 1.15 (95% CrI: 0.99–1.31), and 1.02 (95% CrI 0.88–1.18), respectively. Between studies, heterogeneity demonstrated a near‐normal distribution with a mean of 0.16 and a 95% CrI of 0.04–0.28. The variance of the distribution of mean bowel frequency reduced with age.

Discussion

In this Bayesian meta‐analysis, we found that younger children have a higher bowel frequency. The reported bowel frequencies for each age group could serve as normal values in clinical practice to differentiate health and disease.
Comment On: “Impact of Spousal Mental Illness on Healthcare Utilization Among Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer”
Authors: Liu Chenye , Zhou Yuejun
Published: December 2024

Mujtaba Khalil and colleagues published their study “Impact of Spousal Mental Illness on Healthcare Utilization Among Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer” in the Journal of Surgical Oncology provides important insights into the impact of spousal mental illness on healthcare utilization and expenditure for patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Although the study is innovative, there are limitations such as sample representativeness and underestimation of mental health diagnosis. It is recommended that future studies expand the sample size, combine clinical and administrative data to improve diagnostic accuracy, conduct long‐term follow‐up studies, conduct intervention studies, and explore solutions at the policy level to more fully understand and address the impact of spousal mental illness on patients' medical utilization and expenditure.
Measurement invariance of the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 across eight countries and samples with diverse trauma experiences
Authors: Cyniak‐Cieciura Maria , Popiel Agnieszka , Zawadzki Bogdan , Cremeans‐Smith Julie K. , Fruehstorfer David B. , Bielak Patryk , Camino Victoria , Cha Eun Jung , Cho Yunkyung , Galarregui Marina , Goldfarb Rocío , Hyun Myoung‐Ho , Kalinina Zhanna , Keegan Eduardo , Mambetalina Aliya , McHugh Louise , Miracco Mariana , Oshio Atsushi , Park Chowon , Partarrieu Andrés , De Rosa Lorena , Sabirova Raikhan , Samekin Adil , Sánchez Emiliano , Sarno María , Tarruella Cecilia , Tulekova Gulmira M. , Topanova Gulmira Tuyakovna
Published: December 2024

The PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) is a well‐known tool for measuring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Although the tool has been translated into many different languages, only one study, conducted in European countries, has examined measurement invariance (MI) across these versions. The present study aimed to verify PCL‐5 MI in eight countries: Argentina, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Poland, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. All samples included at least 200 participants. Regarding trauma type, the highest number of individuals reported experiencing a traffic accident (n = 3,128) and/or physical assault (n = 2,609), and the fewest reported captivity (n = 575) and/or contributing to someone else's harm, injury, or death (n = 559). A symptom structure model based on DSM‐5 criteria showed a satisfactory fit to the data, χ2(164, N = 4,064) = 2,571.18, p < .001, robust CFI = .931, robust RMSEA = .078, 90% CI [.075, .081], robust TLI = .920, SRMR = .037. Data fit and invariance were obtained with regard to identical structure and factor loadings (configural and metric invariance) as well as for the partial scalar invariance (equal intercepts). In all samples, PTSD symptoms were strongly or moderately positively correlated with levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress‐related symptoms and moderately or weakly positively correlated with COVID‐19–related stressors, emotional stability/neuroticism, and emotional reactivity. The results indicate that the PCL‐5 is a generally effective measure of universal indicators of PTSD across different countries.
Photo survey estimates of annual recruitment in eastern North American sea duck populations
Authors: Hewitt Jacob E. , Roberts Anthony J. , Sullivan Kelsey M. , Straub Jacob N.
Published: December 2024

Sea duck (tribe mergini) populations have experienced significant declines in recent years, though underlying causes are poorly understood. Information on population demographic parameters may provide insight for wildlife managers seeking to maintain sustainable harvest. However, population monitoring capacity for sea ducks is limited relative to other waterfowl species because of their remote breeding distribution. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service organizes a Parts Collection Survey (PCS), which estimates recruitment in sea duck populations using age ratios (juveniles/adult), though estimates are biased because harvest vulnerability differs between age cohorts. We used a photo survey to calculate estimates of annual recruitment for long‐tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), black scoter (Melanitta americana), surf scoter (M. perspicillata), and white‐winged scoter (M. deglandi; hereafter sea ducks) populations in eastern North America. Our team of surveyors collected photos of flighted sea ducks from shore and by boat in 11 states and 1 province from 15 October–15 December annually in 2019–2022. We classified photographed birds according to age and sex and calculated juvenile proportions of each species using a Bayesian binomial model. To compare photo survey estimates with PCS estimates, we used a paired t‐test organized by year. We found strong evidence that PCS estimates of juvenile proportions were greater than photo survey estimates for 3 sea duck species, indicating a consistent positive bias in PCS driven by harvest vulnerability. We also derived novel estimates of juvenile harvest vulnerability using the mean difference between within‐year estimates. Our work demonstrated the photo survey methodology produced annual recruitment estimates for 4 poorly monitored waterfowl populations with greater sample sizes and reduced systematic biases relative to existing methods; we recommend managers continue to adopt this approach in future years with additional consideration given for spatial representation and refinement of image classification procedures for long‐tailed duck estimates.
High‐Performance Chiral Mode Switching Devices Using Silicon Metamaterial Waveguides Beyond 1.55 µm
Authors: Li Kang , Peng Hejie , Wang Siwei , Yi Qiyuan , Chen Lin , Zhang Yu , Zeng Jinwei , Wang Jian
Published: December 2024

Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) in non‐Hermitian systems has garnered considerable attention for enabling chiral mode switching, where the nature of the output mode is determined solely by the encircling handedness. However, typical chiral transmission devices primarily operate within the 1.55 µm waveband and encounter the wavelength‐dependent mode mismatch, which constrains operational range and degrades mode purity. In this study, we address these limitations by introducing metamaterial waveguides to tailor the requisite optical properties and achieve ultra‐broad‐bandwidth and ultra‐high‐purity chiral mode switching at 1.55 µm and beyond. Simulation results spanning the optical communication and 2 µm wavebands show near‐unity transmission efficiency and high mode purity (> 98.8%) across a record 500 nm bandwidth. Moreover, experimental results at 2 µm waveband reveal an average transfer efficiency of < 1 dB and high mode purity exceeding 95% within a setup‐limited bandwidth of 85 nm. This work paves the way for achieving high‐efficiency and high‐purity chiral transmission devices in the near/mid‐infrared ranges, presenting compelling prospects for future practical EP‐based devices and applications.
Optimize the Corrosion and Mechanical Performance of Additive‐Manufactured Nano‐Size WC‐Reinforced Stainless Steel Matrix Composites by Heat Treatments
Authors: Zhou Yiqi , Xu Xiaochang , Wang Shuoyang , Kong Decheng , Zhang Fan , Li Lili , Liu Tingting , Li Xiaogang , Qu Xuanhui , Yan Yu , Dong Chaofang
Published: December 2024

Adding 200 nm WC can dramatically increase the mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 420 stainless steel, whereas the evolution of the microstructure, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and tensile performance in LPBF 420 + 2 wt% WC MMCs is not researched yet. WC increases the hardness of the LPBF MMCs. WC offers W and C to the matrix during laser scanning, with C diffusing to the matrix to form austenite and Cr‐rich carbides. The austenite content increases with higher tempering temperatures by up to 22% after heat treatment at 400°C. However, more numbers and large size Cr‐rich carbides are formed after being tempered at 600°C. Austenite increases pitting corrosion resistance by a higher critical pitting potential and lower pit growth kinetics. Wear resistance is linearly related to the hardness value, with smaller grain and more austenite improving ductility without sacrificing tensile strength. Overall, LPBF 420 + 2 wt% WC MMCs has the best corrosion in 0.1 M NaCl, with optimized mechanical properties.
MVP‐VSASL: measuring MicroVascular Pulsatility using velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling
Authors: Chen Conan , Barnes Ryan A. , Bangen Katherine J. , Han Fei , Pfeuffer Josef , Wong Eric C. , Liu Thomas T. , Bolar Divya S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

By leveraging the small‐vessel specificity of velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL), we present a novel technique for measuring cerebral MicroVascular Pulsatility named MVP‐VSASL.

Theory and Methods

We present a theoretical model relating the pulsatile, cerebral blood flow‐driven VSASL signal to the microvascular pulsatility index (), a widely used metric for quantifying cardiac‐dependent fluctuations. The model describes the dependence of the of VSASL signal (denoted ) on bolus duration (an adjustable VSASL sequence parameter) and provides guidance for selecting a value of that maximizes the SNR of the measurement. The model predictions were assessed in humans using data acquired with retrospectively cardiac‐gated VSASL sequences over a broad range of values. In vivo measurements were also used to demonstrate the feasibility of whole‐brain voxel‐wise pulsatility mapping, assess intrasession repeatability of , and illustrate the potential of this method to explore an association with age.

Results

The theoretical model showed excellent agreement to the empirical data in a gray matter region of interest (average value of 0.898 0.107 across six subjects). We further showed excellent intrasession repeatability of the pulsatility measurement (, ) and the potential to characterize associations with age (, ).

Conclusion

We have introduced a novel, VSASL‐based cerebral microvascular pulsatility technique, which may facilitate investigation of cognitive disorders where damage to the microvasculature has been implicated.
Long‐Term Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Compared to Standard Medical Care for Improving Quality of Life in Muscle Disorders
Authors: Graham Christopher D. , Rose Michael , Edwards Victoria , Vari Chiara , O'Connell Nicola , Taylor Emma , McCracken Lance M. , Radunovic Aleksander , Rakowicz Wojtek , Norton Sam , Chalder Trudie
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Aims

A previous randomized controlled trial showed that guided self‐help acceptance and commitment therapy plus standard medical care (ACT+SMC) was superior to standard medical care alone (SMC) for improving quality of life (QoL) and mood at 9‐weeks post randomization in a sample of people with muscle disorders (MD). This follow‐up study evaluated whether these effects were maintained in the longer term alongside individual patterns of response.

Methods

The original study was a two‐arm parallel group randomized controlled trial, which compared ACT+SMC to SMC. The primary outcome of QoL was assessed with the Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life Questionnaire. We recruited people with different MDs from UK National Health Service clinics and patient registries. In this follow‐up study, we re‐administered all outcome measures to participants at 6 months post randomization.

Results

Questionnaires were completed by 109 participants (70.3% of the original sample). At six months, the adjusted group difference in QoL continued to favor ACT+SMC, which was significant with moderate effect size. Improvements in secondary outcomes of mood and aspects of psychological flexibility also favored ACT+SMC. Reliable improvement was evident in 33.9% of the ACT+SMC group and 5.7% of the SMC group. Reliable deterioration was uncommon following ACT+SMC (1.8% of participants.)

Discussion

The beneficial impacts of guided self‐help ACT for QoL and mood were maintained in the longer‐term. A third of participants showed response to this brief intervention, and negative individual outcomes were very rare. As is common in psychological interventions, there was a considerable group of non‐responders.
Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Differences in Micturition‐Related Brain Activity Between Volitional and Involuntary Detrusor Contractions
Authors: Ha Nhi T. , Abedi Aidin , Ojeda Luis Alejandro Morales , Montero Stefania , Kohli Priya , Chapman David , Abedi Armita , Gaburak Petr , Ginsberg David , Harvey Richard L. , Liu Charles Y. , Jann Kay , Kreydin Evgeniy
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Detrusor contractions can be classified as either volitional or involuntary. The latter are a hallmark of urge urinary incontinence. Understanding differences in neuroactivation associated with both types of contractions can help elucidate pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. In this study we aim to compare brain activity associated with voluntary and involuntary detrusor contractions.

Methods

Twenty seven stroke survivors with secondary storage lower urinary tract symptoms underwent four filling cycles of simultaneous urodynamics and BOLD‐signal fMRI. After each fill, participants were instructed to void. Voids inside the designated 10‐s period were considered voluntary contractions. All others were considered involuntary. Each contraction was then segmented into phases: Early (10 s before start of contraction), Rise (start of contraction to peak vesical pressure), Plateau, and Fall (from peak pressure to resolution of the contraction). BOLD‐effect was compared between the two contraction types, employing a minimum cluster size of 25 voxels and significance threshold at p < 0.005.

Results

Compared to volitional contractions, involuntary contractions were associated with diminished brain activity in each contraction phase. During the Early phase, this difference was most prominent in areas implicated with sensory and autonomic function, shifting to regions tasked with motor control as the contraction continued and eventually attenuating as the contraction resolved.

Conclusion

This study uniquely contrasts brain activation associated with volitional and involuntary contractions. Relative to involuntary contractions, volitional contractions revealed increased activity in motor, sensory, and executive functioning regions. These findings reflect both the physiological mechanism of volitional contractions and suggest the displacement of this mechanism by a subcortical reflex in involuntary contractions.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT05301335.
External Carotid Artery Ligation Versus Selective Artery Ligation in Transoral Surgery for Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Mackie Aaron , Goehring Lexi , Tuller Elizabeth , Oxford Lance , Lippert Dylan , Britt Christopher
Published: December 2024

Objective

Prophylactic ligation of the external carotid artery (ECA) during oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) resection is known to reduce severe postoperative oropharyngeal bleeding events, however, there is limited research on whether bleed rates vary between selective ligation of individual vessels or total ligation of the ECA. This study assesses outcomes related to total versus selective ligation of the ECA in patients who underwent transoral resection for OPSCC of the base of tongue or palatine tonsils.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Patients who underwent OPSCC resection of the base of tongue or palatine tonsils at a single institution between October 2019 and September 2023.

Methods

Bleeding events within 30 days of surgery from the oropharyngeal surgical site were analyzed as well as other potential complications including stroke. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test or χ2 testing were used to analyze the data.

Results

Of 140 patients, 51 underwent base of tongue resection, and 89 had tonsillar resection. Total ECA ligation was performed in 56 patients, while 80 had selective ligation. There was no significant difference in oropharyngeal bleeding between the 2 groups (total 3.8% vs selective 3.7% P > .05). One patient in the total ECA ligation group had a stroke after resection (1.9%). On multivariate analysis, age (P = .024) and radiation exposure (P = .011) were found to be significant risk factors for hemorrhage.

Conclusion

Selective ligation of external carotid vessels versus total ligation of the ECA shows similar rates of oropharyngeal bleeding without any significant risk of stroke.
Revealing Factors Influencing Digital Transformation in South Africa's Social Security Organisations
Authors: Frota Luis , Chitiga‐Mabugu Margaret , Mazenda Adrino
Published: December 2024

The study analyses factors influencing digital transformation in South Africa's national social security organisations. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 20 purposefully selected respondents and analysed using thematic analysis. The study found seven factors influencing digital transformation in South Africa's national social security organisations: Legal authority, Policy autonomy, Human resources, Finance, digital data collection and use, digital infrastructure and applications and digital skills and collaborative work. The study's findings showed that digitalisation per se does not lead to a better balance between policy alignment and organisational autonomy. On the contrary, the unprecedented access to ubiquitous data and massive processing capacity can heighten the tendencies of rigid systems for greater hierarchical control and lead to a future where decision‐making is further centralised, data are inaccessible, the staff is disempowered and innovation is stifled. However, the study also highlights a potential solution—the need for hierarchical leaders to transition into collaborative workspace enablers who enhance the agencies' operational capabilities. This shift in leadership style can inspire innovation and empower staff, thereby mitigating the negative effects of digitalisation.
Geometric and Constitutive Modeling of MgO–C Refractories Based on Recyclates for Thermomechanical Simulations
Authors: Gopi Jishnu Vinayak , Roth Stephan , Kiefer Bjoern
Published: December 2024

Refractories are polycrystalline, porous, heterogeneous, and nonmetallic materials utilized as protective liners in high‐temperature manufacturing processes. Microscopic and mechanical characterization studies of MgO–C refractories in the literature show a strong correlation between the underlying microstructure and the thermomechanical response of these materials. The present study focuses on developing a simulation tool that evaluates the thermomechanical behavior of recycled refractories, specifically the influence of microstructural features on their thermal shock resistance. In contrast to prior methodologies, the intricate and heterogeneous microstructure of MgO–C is conceptualized as a three‐phase composite comprising coarse magnesia aggregates, graphite flakes, and an effective matrix. The homogenized matrix material is presumed to consist of fine magnesia, carbonaceous binders, additives, and pores, which are not spatially resolved in the current approach. Using open‐access Python packages, a preprocessing tool with a graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to synthetically generate an idealized 2D microstructure representation from statistical data, such as particle size distributions and phase volume fractions. According to the current hypothesis and experimental findings, the principal mechanism of damage in these materials involves the debonding of phase interfaces due to thermally induced stresses. This interface damage is modeled using the cohesive zone approach. Basic hot thermal shock simulations are performed employing the synthetically generated microstructure to investigate the influences of thermal expansion coefficient mismatches and thermal gradients on the local interface damage.
Toward Equitable Access to Psychosocial Screening in Canada: Validation of the French–Canadian Psychosocial Assessment Tool
Authors: Trudel Émilie , Ogez David , Sultan Serge , Brunier Lisa‐Sarah , Bernier Pascal , Charrette Marie‐Claude , Rondeau Émélie , Desjardins Leandra
Published: December 2024

Objective

The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief caregiver report, family‐centered, psychosocial risk screening tool widely used in pediatrics and available in many languages. Although French is an official language of Canada, a French–Canadian version of the PAT has not yet been validated, which impedes access to this tool for family psychosocial screening. This study aimed to translate, adapt as necessary, and validate the French–Canadian version of the PAT.

Methods

The PAT 3.0 was translated into French using the forward–backwards method. Interviews with healthcare workers (n = 5) and a focus group of parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer (n = 4) led to minor modifications to improve cultural adaptation and comprehensibility. Subsequently, 66 French‐speaking parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer participated in a quantitative validation study; completing the French–Canadian PAT and related caregiver measures.

Results

The French–Canadian PAT has an overall internal consistency of KR‐20 = 0.64, with subscales ranging from 0.57 to 0.86. The total PAT score significantly correlated with the Distress Thermometer (r = 0.54). Congruent validity was demonstrated for most PAT subscales, except for Family Beliefs and Family Problems. The sample followed this distribution on the Pediatric Psychosocial Preventative Health Model: 21.2% universal, 53% targeted, and 25.8% clinical.

Conclusion

The French–Canadian PAT provides insight into family psychosocial risk. This study is a step toward equitable access to care by providing French‐speaking families with access to a tool aligned with the psychosocial standards of care in pediatric oncology. Future research should focus on implementing the PAT in Canadian clinical settings.
Enhancing mechanical properties of CFRP with oriented nickel plated short carbon fibers in a magnetic field
Authors: Liang Jiyong , Yue Qingrui , Liu Xiaogang , Li Na
Published: December 2024

In this work, Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) flocked with oriented nickel plated short carbon fibers (Ni@SCFs) in a magnetic field was fabricated to investigate the effect of Ni@SCFs orientation on mechanical properties in CFRP. The interlaminar shear, mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC), tensile, and flexural properties of CFRP were investigated, and the mechanism of interlaminar failure in composites was analyzed. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of a small amount of oriented Ni@SCFs into adjacent layers significantly enhances the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and GIC of CFRP. Specifically, the ILSS of flocked composites with oriented Ni@SCFs increases by approximately 20% compared to non‐flocked composites. Additionally, the shear failure ductility of flocked composites also increases by 125%. The initiation and propagation GIC values exhibit increases of 56% and 68%, respectively. Moreover, it has been noted that the tensile and flexural properties of the composites incorporating oriented Ni@SCFs in this study exhibit a slight enhancement compared to their non‐flocked counterparts. The oriented Ni@SCFs play a pivotal role in mitigating crack propagation through the fiber bridging mechanism under the shear stress of the composite.

Highlights

Ni@SCFs are positioned at different vertical angles across successive layers.

The orientated Ni@SCFs substantially boosts the ILSS and GIC.

The tensile and flexural properties of CFRP exhibit a slight enhancement with orientated Ni@SCFs.