bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konzeption und Umsetzung eines Ressourcen-Cockpits für die Instandhaltung
Authors: Horbach Sebastian , Trommler Ullrich
Published: August 2020

Der Beitrag stellt die Implementierung des Ressourcen-Cockpit als die zentrale Software-Plattform für die Instandhaltung in Sozio-Cyber-Physischen Systemen vor. Zuerst wird der Entwicklungsprozess kurz beschrieben. In der Folge wird auf die Architektur der Umsetzung als Webanwendung eingegangen. Schließlich werden die angebotenen Funktionalitäten in kompakter Form präsentiert. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, wie das Ressourcen-Cockpit über ein generisches Plug-In-Konzept direkt auf die Informationen angeschlossener Anlagen oder betriebswirtschaftlicher Standardlösungen zugreifen kann.
A Top-Down Approach for a Generic Programming Abstraction in Real Space-Time
Authors: Däumler Martin , Müller Dirk , Werner Matthias
Published: August 2020

Today’s widely used programming approach formobile distributed systems, e.g., swarms, is bottom-up. I.e.,the programmer has to be aware of the system’s distribution.Such a kind of programming corrupts the principle Separationof Concerns and turns out to be complicated. Thisarticle proposes a top-down approach for the programmingof mobile distributed systems. It should be incorporated in anew operating system to be developed by our research group.Classical distributed systems often are intended to hidetheir distribution from the user but not stringently from theprogrammer. Moreover, most applications don’t consider theexecuting system’s location and mobility, respectively. However,state-of-the-art mobile distributed systems’ applicationsare widely based on location and motion data. So, the programmingapproach of classical distributed systems whichabstracts from location and motion might no longer be convenient.We suggest raising the level of abstraction in orderto hide the system’s distribution from the user and programmer,in contrast to the bottom-up programming approach of,e.g., swarms. This distribution transparency within the executingsystem is intended to be combined with location/-motion awareness within the application so that the requirementsof modern applications can be met. The programmingof such a distributed mobile system will be separated fromthe complex and error-prone application partitioning and assignmenta bottom-up approach would impose. This offersfurther benefits like scalability and robustness with regard toscheduling of sub-activities and sub-systems, respectively.We promote the use of spatiotemporal constraints to realizesuch a top-down approach. These constraints will be introducedand explained using two examples.
Transactional Distributed 64-Bit Memory for PC-Clusters
Authors: Kaemmer Nico , Gerhold Steffen , Schmidt Patrick , Sonnenfroh Michael , Frenz Stefan , Schulthess Peter
Published: August 2020

The Rainbow operating system provides 64-Bit transactional memory operation for PC-clusters. Basic consistency of the distributed objects is guaranteed by an optimistic transactions scheme and weakened consistency models are available for application data structures. The Java-like language environment allows for binary isolation, compiler-based OS security and for clusterwide garbage collection. An optional pageserver will offer orthogonal persistence as well as subsecond restart and recovery.
Editorial
Authors: Hardt Wolfram
Published: August 2020

This editorial introduces the second issue of the EmbeddedSelforganising Systems (ESS) journal with the focus on embedded,wireless sensor networks and upcoming, innovativeapplication scenarios.
Editorial
Authors: Hardt Wolfram
Published: August 2020

This editorial introduces the third volume of the Embedded Selforganising Systems (ESS) journal.
Implementation of 2-Dimensional Medical Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Batbayar Enkhbat , Tumenjargal Enkhbaatar , Ham Woonchul , Song Chulgyu
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we review and discuss our proposed image reconstruction algorithm for two dimensional stereo photo-acoustic medical imaging system. The proposed algorithms aim to evaluate the existence possibility of acoustic source within a search area by using the geometric information which is the distance between each sensor element of ultrasound probe and corresponding searching point. Besides, we implemented the hardware and software aspects of an photo-acoustic imaging system that is described in hardware implementation section of this paper. At the end of this paper, some simulation results are presented which utilized the proposed algorithm while compared the image quality of its and conventional k-wave algorithm in which FFT should be used. The simulation results proved the effectiveness of the proposed reconstruction algorithm.
Potential of Medical IT in developing countries: Case study Mongolia
Authors: Kannenberg Sven Henry , Ganbat Davaa , Ueberle Friedrich , Tserendorj Myagmarnaran
Published: August 2020

The field of medicine is difficult to compare between different countries, as the development and their focus are individual and faces unique problems. Possible solutions provided by the western world usually require higher financial expenses and intensive training of workers involved in the medical field. Experience gathered in Mongolia lead to the suggestion that the involvement of computer technology can create benefits for the healthcare sector without extensive costs and intensive training. The missing experience of medical workers can be covered with computed technology that is designed to support them in making correct decisions. At the same time these technologies will never be able to fully replace workers and therefore should not lead to dismissal in the healthcare sector.
Content of December Issue
Authors: Tudevdagva Uranchimeg
Published: August 2020

Content
Unmanned Aerial Systems and Its Application
Authors: Tudevdagva Uranchimeg
Published: August 2020

This editorial introduces the first issue of 2018 for Embedded Self-organizing Systems (ESS) journal. A focus of this issue is a discussion about unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and its application in different areas of science and engineering solutions.
Medical Drone Delivery in Developing Countries
Authors: Kannenberg Sven Henry , Danaa Ganbat , Ueberle Friedrich , Zorigt Nomin
Published: August 2020

Developing countries often have difficulties in the field of medicine, and many of these problems do not relate to missing knowledge but on the transportation possibilities to bring patient, doctor and the necessary medical supplies together. In a research study for the country of Mongolia the advantages of a drone delivery system are shown and the unique challenges such as temperature, elevation and range are discussed to choose a suitable system design for countries with enormous size and low population. Airplane like drones with their wider distances seem to be the most promising solution to connect rural areas to the medical logistics network.
How to write an article for GAMMAS and a longer title
Authors: Kern Dominik , Bartelt Matthias , Unger Benjamin
Published: August 2020

This tutorial is a ready-to-run LaTeX example that prospective authors of GAMMAS may substitute with their own content. Moreover, it contains information about some journal policies.
Higher-order exponential integrators for constrained semi-linear parabolic problems
Authors: Wiedemann Johannes
Published: August 2020

This paper provides an introduction to exponential integrators for constrained parabolic systems. In addition, building on existing results, schemes with an expected order of convergence of three and four are established and numerically tested on parabolic problems with nonlinear dynamic boundary conditions. The simulations reinforce the subjected error behaviour.
Einführung
Authors: Opletalová Veronika , Lynn Ulrike
Published: August 2020

Einführung in das Themenheft „Lachen als Zeichenprozess“, Zeitschrift für Semiotik 37, 1-2 (2015).
vor freude lachen, one herze lachen, vor lachen sterben
Authors: Moshövel Andrea
Published: August 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird Lachen zunächst als ein Körperzeichen mit einer doppelten Zeichenstruktur definiert. Einerseits lässt es sich als unbeabsichtigtes Anzeichen einer Stimmung, Haltung oder Gefühlslage des Lachenden deuten; andererseits kann dem Lachenden unterstellt werden, dass er es intentional zu einem kommunikativen Zweck einsetzt, um beispielsweise eine Beziehung anzubahnen, zu festigen, sich zu distanzieren, jemanden herabzusetzen oder auszugrenzen. Anhand des frühneuhochdeutschen Ausdrucks lachen wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Lachen als Körperzeichen in frühneuhochdeutschen Texten, das heißt in der Zeit des Spätmittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit, in der es unterschiedliche Konzepte des Lachens gibt, gedeutet und bewertet wird. Im Diskurs über das Lachen im Frühneuhochdeutschen erweist sich die Frage nach einer eindeutigen Lesbarkeit des Lachens in seiner Zeichenhaftigkeit als ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Praktiken seiner Beurteilung, Kontrolle und Regulierung.
Attribute des Lachens
Authors: Ruch Willibald , Wagner Lisa
Published: August 2020

Lachen kommt in unterschiedlichen sozialen Situationen vor, wird von unterschiedlichen Arten von Stimuli ausgelöst und geht mit unterschiedlichen Emotionen einher – dies führt zu einer großen Variabilität von Lachen. Diese Variabilität spiegelt sich in der Sprache wider, die dazu verwendet wird, Lachen zu beschreiben: In der deutschen Sprache fanden sich in einer korpuslinguistischen Analyse mehr als 1000 Wörter, die für eine Beschreibung bzw. Differenzierung verschiedener Arten von Lachen gebraucht wurden. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte eine Klassifikation formaler Aspekte des Lachens entwickelt werden. Aufbauend auf dieser Klassifikation wurde in der vorliegenden Studie untersucht, ob 20 Adjektive, die affektive und motivationale Aspekte von Lachen beschreiben und die bereits vorher in der Forschung verwendet wurden, anhand der Dimensionen basaler Parameter (z.B. Dauer), Intensität, Klang, Einzigartigkeit und Regulation differenziert werden können. Eine hierarchische Clusteranalyse über die Einschätzungen von 81 Erwachsenen hinweg zeigte, dass fünf Cluster identifiziert wurden, die sich zum Teil deutlich in den gewonnenen Dimensionen unterschieden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die über den lexikalischen Ansatz gewonnenen Dimensionen nützlich zur Beschreibung verschiedener Arten des Lachens und zum Einsatz in weiterer Forschung sind.
Die Struktur und Funktion von mimischen Emotikons in Deutschland und in China
Authors: Wu Yixin , Trautsch Christian
Published: August 2020

In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten haben sich Emotikons zu einem der effizientesten Mittel für den Ausdruck von Emotionen in geschriebenen Texten entwickelt. Besonders beliebt sind Emotikons, in denen lachende und lächelnde Gesichter dargestellt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Studie von chinesischen und deutschen Emotikons unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beziehung zwischen Zeichen und Objekten.
Bezeichnenderweise Eco
Authors: Siefkes Martin , Opletalová Veronika , Arielli Emanuele
Published: August 2020

Mit Umberto Eco hat die Semiotik einen der originellsten Zeichentheoretiker und zugleich einen Zeichen-setzenden Intellektuellen verloren. Dies ist mehr als eine Metapher: Ecos Analysen zeitgenössischer Kulturphänomene gingen so weit, dass er durch sie die betreffenden Kulturen veränderte. Er nahm als einer der ersten die Popkultur des späten zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts vom Krimi bis zum Comic unter die (semiotische) Lupe und wurde damit schließlich selbst zu einem Teil der Gegenwartskultur. Glaubt man gewissen Rankings, dann war Eco, der verschmitzte Analytiker der Massenkultur, gegen Ende seines Lebens ein weltweiter Popstar der Wissenschaft wie Chomsky oder Dawkins. Der Nachruf auf Umberto Eco stellt wichtige Entwicklungslinien der Semiotik Umberto Ecos vor und fokussiert dabei auf weniger bekannte Publikationen und Aktivitäten. Er enthält zudem die Erstveröffentlichung einer Karikatur, die Umberto Eco in den 1980er Jahren anfertigte und die im Archiv für Semiotik in Berlin (mittlerweile in Chemnitz) gefunden wurde. Sie lässt sich als Persiflage zeitgenössischer Kommunikationstheorien lesen.
What is it like to be a discursive being?
Authors: Reichold Anne
Published: August 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll gezeigt werden, dass mit der perspektivischen Konstruktion linguistischer Praxis als Ich-du-Sozialität bei Brandom zugleich eine raumzeitliche Konzeption diskursiver Personen artikuliert wird. Brandom selbst konzentriert sich bei der Explikation des Selbstverständnisses diskursiver Wesen vor allem auf die Sozialität und Perspektivität diskursiver Praxis. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll der Fokus der Analyse im Ausgang von der Ich-du-Sozialität auf das in der diskursiven Praxis vorausgesetzte und pragmatisch in Anspruch genommene raumzeitliche Bezugssystem gelegt werden. Es wird gezeigt, wie die genuin inferentiellen Zuschreibungen assertorischer Sprechakte, das Einfordern und Geben von Gründen und der Ausdruck normativer Einstellungen auf raumzeitliche Kategorien zurückgreifen bzw. in raumzeitlich lokalisierte Kontexte eingebunden sind. In einer Analyse von Brandoms perspektivischer Konzeption der Ich-du-Sozialität, seiner Kritik an einer Ich-wir-Sozialität sowie seiner Konzeption begrifflicher Objektivität als Einstellungstranszendenz wird herausgearbeitet, inwiefern Brandom ein raumzeitliches Bezugssystem voraussetzt, in das alle Teilnehmer eingebettet sind und das in der wechselseitigen Zuweisung und Adressierung normativer Status in Anspruch genommen wird. Die raumzeitliche Individuation von Personen oder Adressaten erfolgt dabei weder vorgängig noch unabhängig von den Relationen des Gebens und Forderns von Gründen, sondern sie ist genuiner Bestandteil der kontextsensitiven Auslotung adäquater Zuschreibungen und Beurteilungen von Festlegungen. Der perspektivische Ansatz der Ich-du-Sozialität beinhaltet demnach eine Konzeption von Personen, die sich in der Kommunikation und im Verstehen immer auch raumzeitlich orientieren, unterscheiden und lokalisieren.
wege. zeichen. erinnerungen
Authors: Rinker Dagmar
Published: August 2020

Am 28. Juni 2015 verstarb der international renommierte Semiotiker und Designer Professor Dr. Martin Krampen in Ulm. Seine langjährige Lebensgefährtin, Reintraut Semmler, und sein Freundeskreis trafen sich am 3. Juli 2015 zu einer Trauerfeier im historischen Gebäude der Hochschule für Gestaltung (HfG) Ulm. Martin Krampen hatte dort von 1953 bis 1957 studiert. Neben den persönlichen Erinnerungen von Hanne Tächl und Prof. Eugen Gomringer sprach Prof. Dr. Dagmar Rinker über den wissenschaftlichen und gestalterischen Weg von Martin Krampen. Dagmar Rinker leitete von 1997 bis 2012 das Archiv der ehemaligen Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm. Seit 2012 ist sie als Professorin für Designgeschichte und Ausstellungstheorie an der HfG Schwäbisch Gmünd tätig. Während ihrer Ulmer Zeit begleitete sie zahlreiche Projekte von Martin Krampen. In Erinnerung an den Wissenschaftler Martin Krampen publiziert die Zeitschrift für Semiotik die Rede von Dagmar Rinker.
Introducing Biosemiotic Ethics
Authors: Tønnessen Morten , Beever Jonathan , Hendlin Yogi Hale
Published: August 2020

In this introduction to the special issue on Biosemiotic Ethics, we introduce major concepts and themes corresponding to the topic. With reference to Ivar Puura’s notion of “semiocide”, we ask: what are the ethical responsibilities that attention to semiotics carries? We argue that if life is fundamentally semiotic, then biosemiotics and moral theory should be explored in conjunction, rather than separately. Biosemiotic ethics becomes relevant whenever one complex of signs impinges on another; particularly whenever human sign usage impinges on the wellbeing or sustainable functioning of human or non-human semiotic agents. Stable coexistence of sign systems is far from inevitable, but it is a meaningful goal that can be pursued. In complex ecosystems, for example, certain types of coexistent relationships have evolved to share space despite competitive needs and expressions. We describe the ways in which authors in this volume articulate various justifications for the view that what is morally relevant is semiosis. Given these perspectives in a growing approach to understanding moral relationships, biosemiotic ethics has the decisive advantage of drawing on contemporary biosemiotics’ empirically-informed biological acuity within a rich semiotic framework.
Poetic Objectivity
Authors: Weber Andreas
Published: August 2020

In this essay I will explore the possibility of an objective ecological ethics. To do this, I follow the embodied ethos of relationships: meaningful expression and mutual sharing occuring in living organisms and systems. Living beings on various levels of identity (cellular selves, individuals, and ecosystems) strive toward increased aliveness. They are self-healing, and generate meaningful relationships, all without the need or interference of human ethical thinking. Ecosystems tend toward complexity and organisms tend to avoid their own destruction. Both tendencies create “natural values” – values not extractable into abstraction, yet nonetheless fundamentally embodied in the actions of living beings and living systems. An ethics based on these principles (or insights) is inclusive in that it can be conceived as a sort of “poetic objectivity”. Here the ethically good is the increase in “aliveness”, which can be shared by other beings, and which is only possible as “being through the other”. Aliveness is ineffable and cannot be extracted analytically. Hence it is objective only in a poetic sense that can be shared through participation. An ethics of poetic objectivity leaves room to negotiate individual relationships and narratives while providing goodness as an encompassing context tuning into the degree of sharing and mutual inspiration to be more alive. The natural values generated by sharing transformative relationships produce the whole of nature as an “ethical commons”. Its principles can be instructive in reorganising human exchange on ethical and economical levels.
The Effect of Cu Ohmic Contact on Photoelectrochemical Property of S-CuO Thin Film Photocathodes
Authors: Amrullah Aziz , Gunawan Gunawan , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa
Published: August 2020

The development of semiconductor materials as photocathodes that have excellent performance is significant for the photoelectrochemical reaction of hydrogen evolution. The thin film of sulfur-doped Copper (II) oxide (S-CuO)  was successfully synthesized using the cyclic voltammetry method. Investigation of photoelectrochemical properties of S-CuO photocathodes, including current density, onset potential, applied photon to current efficiency (ABPE), and bandgap had been carried out. It was reported that the Cu ohmic contact affected the photoelectrochemical properties and the stability of the thin film. The presence of Cu ohmic contact can improve the performance of S-CuO thin film photocathodes. The S-CuO TU 20 mM thin film has the best response with a current density of -0.923 mA/cm2, an onset potential of 0.59 V, and ABPE of 0.21%. Stability occurred at pH 7 in 0.2M NaH2PO4. The optical analysis showed S-CuO TU 20 mM bandgap of 1.7 eV.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Indonesian Honey against Bacteria of Acne
Authors: Djakaria Shafira Ananda , Batubara Irmanida , Raffiudin Rika
Published: August 2020

Honey has natural bacteriostatic and bactericide activities; thus, it could be active compounds as an antibacterial against Propionibacterium acnes, the main bacteria in acne forming state. Our study aims to determine phenolic and flavonoid contents (qualitative and quantitative), antioxidants, along with antibacterial activity against P. acnes of selected Indonesian honey. Honey used in this study, including honeybees and stingless bees, were collected from Sumbawa, Riau, Belitung, Sukabumi, Banyuwangi, Bogor, and South Sulawesi. In the method, the quantitative content of phenols and flavonoid were measured using a spectrophotometer. Further, DPPH (2, 2’-diphenylpicryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2’-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were used to measure the antioxidant activities, and subsequently microdilution method was applied to determine antibacterial activity. The results showed that Indonesian honey contains phenolics and flavonoids in the range of 49.5-67.3 μg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g and 766.5-1509.5 μg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/g, respectively. All honey samples also show antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Of note, Apis cerana honey from Banyuwangi has the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to others. It has the Inhibition Concentration (IC50), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericide Concentration (MBC) values of 59.85 mg/L, 122 μg Trolox/g, 125 mg/mL, and 500 mg/mL respectively. Our study reveals that Indonesian honey can inhibit and kill P. acnes as well. Nonetheless, the phenolic content of honey is not always linear with antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Effect of Microencapsulation Techniques on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Functional Beverage Based on Red Betel Leaf Extract (Piper crocatum)
Authors: Safithri Mega , Indariani Susi , Yuliani Rosalina
Published: August 2020

Functional drinks based on red betel leaf extract have antioxidant activity, but they still have a bitter taste. This study aims to determine the effect of microencapsulation on phenol content, antioxidant activity, and sensory quality of functional drinks based on betel leaf extract. Microencapsulation of functional drinks was made using maltodextrin coatings with concentrations of 10% and 20%. Antioxidant activity was tested by the CUPRAC method. The ready to drink (RTD) functional drink has a total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 782.30 ± 2.54 mg GAE/g and 1660.19 ± 31.67 µmol Tr/g, respectively. These values are higher than microencapsulated functional drinks with maltodextrin (MM). The microencapsulated functional drink with 10% maltodextrin coating (MM10) is the chosen formulation since it has the smallest particle size (1.283 µm), total phenolic content of 12.90 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity of 189.41 ± 1.88 µmol Tr/g. Microencapsulated functional drinks provide sensory quality that is not significantly different (p <0.05) from ready to drink (RTD) drinks.
In-Vitro Study of Polysulfone-polyethylene glycol/chitosan (PEG-PSf/CS) Membranes for Urea and Creatinine Permeation
Authors: Lusiana Retno Ariadi , Sasongko Nurwarrohman Andre , Sangkota Vivi Dia A. , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa , Siahaan Parsaoran , Kiswandono Agung Abadi , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan
Published: August 2020

High concentrations of creatinine and urea in the blood can be removed by dialysis using semipermeable membranes that are selective for certain species and hold other species through diffusion processes. This ability requires a membrane that has an active side, which functions as a targeted species identifier. The membrane must be biocompatible because the membrane will be in direct contact with the body’s biological systems. The membrane material that is made must be acceptable to the blood system so that there is no rejection from the body and have a large contact area to obtain an effective diffusion process. For this reason, a hollow fiber membrane (HFM) is needed. One of the synthetic polymers used as the base material for HFM is PSf. PSf has mechanical strength, heat resistance, and is easily formed into HFM. However, PSf has disadvantages such as lack of active side and less compatible with blood due to its hydrophobic properties. Modification using PEG and chitosan will reduce the hydrophobicity of the PSf. Membrane results were analyzed the physical, chemical, and transportability for urea and creatinine. The results of functional group characterization by FTIR show that the modification reaction was successfully carried out on polysulfone to produce PEG-PSf/CS. The modification succeeded in making the PSf membrane more hydrophilic, as evidenced by a decrease in the contact angle from 69.4° (PSf) to 53° (PEG-PSf/CS). Water uptake capability increases to 609%, and membrane porosity increases porosity increased from 72 to 83%. The water flux is also increased. Creatinine clearance ability increases from 0.09 mg/dl to 0.25 mg/dL. Urea clearance ability increases from 2.3 mg/dL to 3.07 mg/dL. The SEM image showed that the modification makes the membranes more porous.
A hallgatói autonómia és önkormányzatiság formálódása az 1980-as évek végén Magyarországon
Authors: Jancsák Csaba
Published: August 2020

In addition to providing education and training, higher education institutes are also engaged in the important tasks of sensitisation of students for their future roles in society as university graduates. This function of higher education is realised in the context of teacher–student relationships and institutional interpretive communities. Student councils serve as such communities. The student council movement represents, preserves and transmits particular values of the university and trans-historical values closely related to these (freedom, critical thinking, solidarity, empathy and activity) to new generations of students. Our paper follows and analyses the student council movement in Hungary from 1988 to 1993. In the late 1980s, only partially did the state power recognize the rights to freedom most important to students (freedom of thought, freedom of opinion, freedom of speech and academic freedom). Student councils, which were formed at that time, could exert serious impact at the level of both university politics and national politics. This phenomenon is regarded as a manifestation of social innovation. By the early 1990s, due to its status ensured by law and the realization of a power structure, the community and movement characteristics of the student council faded into the background, and the organization became bureaucratic. This led to the transformation of the movement. 
Fotó: litera.hu
DEVELOPMENT OF DARK CHOCOLATE ENRICHED WITH MATCHA GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS)
Authors: ÖZGÜVEN Mine , BERKTAŞ İjlal , GÖNÜL Özlem , ÖZÇELİK Beraat
Published: August 2020

Dünya genelinde tüketiciler arasında en çok popüler olarak tüketilen gıda ürünlerinden biri çikolatadır ve tüketicilerin çikolatadan beklentileri giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, antioksidan aktivitesini arttırmak için maça yeşil çayı (% 2, % 3,% 4) ile zenginleştirilmiş bir koyu çikolata tasarlamaktı. Fenoliklerin üretim işlemi sırasında tahrip olabileceğinden dolayı çikolata üretim prosesi sırasında en uygun maça çayı ekleme aşaması (karıştırma, inceltme, konçlama veya temperleme), toplam fenolikler ve flavonoidler ve antioksidan aktivite (ORAC ve DPPH yöntemleri ile) kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Beklenildiği gibi formülasyonda bulunan maça çayı yüzdesindeki artış, fenolik içeriğin ve antioksidan aktivitenin artmasına neden olmuştur. Ancak, % 3'ten fazla maça ilavesi tüketici beğenilirliğini ve kabul edilebilirliğini azaltmıştır.
Hydrological modeling of freshwater discharge into Hudson Bay using HYPE
Authors: Stadnyk Tricia A. , MacDonald Matthew K. , Tefs Andrew , Déry Stephen J. , Koenig Kristina , Gustafsson David , Isberg Kristina , Arheimer Berit
Published: August 2020

This study details the enhancement and calibration of the Arctic implementation of the HYdrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE) hydrological model established for the BaySys group of projects to produce freshwater discharge scenarios for the Hudson Bay Drainage Basin (HBDB). The challenge in producing estimates of freshwater discharge for the HBDB is that it spans over a third of Canada’s continental landmass and is 40% ungauged. Scenarios for BaySys require the separation between human and climate interactions, specifically the separation of regulated river discharge from a natural, climate-driven response. We present three key improvements to the modelling system required to support the identification of natural from anthropogenic impacts: representation of prairie disconnected landscapes (i.e., non-contributing areas), a method to generalize lake storage-discharge parameters across large regions, and frozen soil modifications. Additionally, a unique approach to account for irregular hydrometric gauge density across the basins during model calibration is presented that avoids overfitting parameters to the densely gauged southern regions. We summarize our methodologies used to facilitate improved separation of human and climate driven impacts to streamflow within the basin and outline the baseline discharge simulations used for the BaySys group of projects. Challenges remain for modeling the most northern reaches of the basin, and in the lake-dominated watersheds. The techniques presented in this work, particularly the lake and flow signature clusters, may be applied to other high latitude, ungauged Arctic basins. Discharge simulations are subsequently used as input data for oceanographic, biogeochemical, and ecosystem studies across the HBDB.
Literature Review: Cause Factor Analysis and an Effort to prevent Medication Administration Error (MAE) at Hospital
Authors: Brigitta Innes Rizma , Dhamanti Inge
Published: August 2020

The high number of medical errors, especially in medication administration errors (MAE) in the last few decades that have occurred in hospitals in developed and developing countries makes patient safety an important issue. This requires the hospital to take steps that prioritize patient safety by focusing on preventive measures, so as to reduce the risk of an MAE. The writing of this article of literature review aims to explain the determinants of MAE in hospitals and their prevention efforts through preventive measures, so that patient safety standards in hospitals (zero defects) can be achieved. The design of the article search in this literature study was carried out through Google scholar, JAKI, and PSNet with the keywords of patient safety incident, medication administration error, contributing factor of MAEs, and determinant factor of MAEs. Based on 13 articles that have been obtained in accordance with the criteria, there are 38 determinant factors in MAE which are grouped into three categories, namely ineffective communication factors, work environment factors, and human factors. Various preventive efforts that can be done to prevent MAEs include: implementing crew resource management, clarifying the chain of command, using the communication form of SBAR, designing an ergonomic workplace, implementing Patient Advocacy Reporting System (PARS), providing training and education for health workers, and setting work schedules that do not exceed workload. Implementation of effective MAE preventive measures can reduce the number of MAEs in the hospital directly.
Alternative Splicing During theChlamydomonasreinhardtiiCell Cycle
Authors: Pandey Manishi , Stormo Gary D , Dutcher Susan K
Published: August 2020

Genome-wide analysis of transcriptome data in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii shows periodic patterns in gene expression levels when cultures are grown under alternating light and dark cycles so that G1 of the cell cycle occurs in the light phase and S/M/G0 occurs during the dark phase. However, alternative splicing, a process that enables a greater protein diversity from a limited set of genes, remains largely unexplored by previous transcriptome based studies in C. reinhardtii. In this study, we used existing longitudinal RNA-seq data obtained during the light-dark cycle to investigate the changes in the alternative splicing pattern and found that 3277 genes (19.75% of 17,746 genes) undergo alternative splicing. These splicing events include Alternative 5′ (Alt 5′), Alternative 3′ (Alt 3′) and Exon skipping (ES) events that are referred as alternative site selection (ASS) events and Intron retention (IR) events. By clustering analysis, we identified a subset of events (26 ASS events and 10 IR events) that show periodic changes in the splicing pattern during the cell cycle. About two-thirds of these 36 genes either introduce a pre-termination codon (PTC) or introduce insertions or deletions into functional domains of the proteins, which implicate splicing in altering gene function. These findings suggest that alternative splicing is also regulated during the Chlamydomonas cell cycle, although not as extensively as changes in gene expression. The longitudinal changes in the alternative splicing pattern during the cell cycle captured by this study provides an important resource to investigate alternative splicing in genes of interest during the cell cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and other eukaryotes.
Desafíos socioeducativos de las comunidades de tratamiento de la juventud en conflicto con la ley. Motivación y buenas prácticas de instrucción y gestión institucional. Dos casos de México
Authors: Acevedo-Rodríguez Carlos
Published: August 2020

In Mexico, adolescents who have had conflicts with the law and have been tried and sentenced to serve time in freedom or confinement must attend or live in institutions called communities. In these spaces, a variety of activities, such as psychological therapies, artistic and labor workshops, and classes are carried out as part of young people’s rehabilitation. In 2016, the National Law of the Comprehensive Criminal Justice System for Adolescents was enacted (Cámara de Diputados de H. Congreso de la Unión, 2016). The objective is to move from a treatment based on a punitive model to a strategy based on socio-educational improvements. Currently, there is not enough information about how the communities are adapting to the new guidelines, specifically regarding best practices of instruction and institutional management. This scientific paper shows the results of the qualitative analysis of two communities located in the central zone of Mexico. Through interviews with thirty young people serving their sentences under the new law, interviews and discussion groups with twenty institutional officials, and observation of socio-educational activities, the profiles of youths in these communities and best practices were identified. It was found that despite several problems and disadvantages of young people, the best practices identified have a positive impact on the motivation of young people and officials. To illustrate this process, an analytical framework about the influence of motivation on learning and management was constructed. Finally, we state that every person has the best capacity to learn in social environments which are able to stimulate motivation; we also propose areas of improvement.
El área de información y alfabetización informacional de la competencia digital docente
Authors: Moreno-Guerrero Antonio José , Miaja-Chippirraz Nuria , Bueno-Pedrero Ana , Borrego-Otero Laura
Published: August 2020

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are an integral part of our lives. This fact is reflected in the educational system, where teachers must have acquired a series of digital skills that should be developed in students. The study tries to describe the area of digital competence, information, and information literacy in the students of the Master’s Degree in Compulsory Secondary Education, Baccalaureate, Vocational Training, and Language Teaching in the Campus of Ceuta. A quantitative method has been used; it has a descriptive scope and a non-experimental design of a longitudinal paradigm. The sample is 153 students. The instrument implemented is a questionnaire based on the Common Framework of Digital Teacher Competence of 2017, with a Likert scale of 6 points, and subdivided into three blocks: A (A1 and A2), considered as a basic level, B (B1 and B2), as an intermediate level, and C (C1 and C2), as an advanced level. The results show that future teachers have a medium level in the area of information competence and information literacy, presenting higher values in the storage and retrieval of information, data, and digital content. They also have average levels in the storage and retrieval of information, data and digital content, and lower levels in evaluating information, data, and digital content. We can conclude that training centered on developing digital teaching competencies is necessary, requiring, on the part of the competent authorities, adequate training plans.
Abnormal Balloon Expulsion Test in Patients with Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Neshatian Leila , Fosso Chimi , Quigley Eamonn
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims: Functional defecatory dysfunction is attributed to the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence (FI) in some patients. We hypothesized that patients with FI and abnormal balloon expulsion test (BET) have distinct manometric characteristics as compared to the patients with FI and normal BET. We aimed to compare the anorectal pressure profile in patients with FI, with or without abnormal BET and to identify risk factors associated with abnormal BET in FI.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 77 consecutive patients with ROME IV FI. Wilcoxon rank sum test, t-test, and Fisher exact tests were performed for comparison. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with abnormal BET.

Results: Thirty-two percent of patients had abnormal BET. Demographics and surgical history and clinical symptoms, except for sensation of incomplete evacuation (p=0.02) and abdominal pain (p=0.03), were comparable in both groups. Anorectal pressure profile except for the median rectal propulsive pressures were similar between groups. Rectal propulsive pressures at simulated defecation were significantly lower in patients with abnormal BET (p=0.02). Mean sensory threshold for first sensation was also significantly higher in patients who had abnormal BET (p=0.03). Rectal propulsive pressures (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06, p=0.032) and rectal sensory threshold for first sensation (OR:0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99, p=0.02) were able to predict abnormal BET independently.

Conclusions: In patients with FI and similar clinical and anal pressure profile, rectal sensory threshold and rectal propulsive pressures at simulated defecation can determine normal BET.
Modeling the Puzzle of Hepatitis C Epidemiology in Romania: A Pathway to Control
Authors: Lopes Henrique , Baptista-Leite Ricardo , Franco Diogo , Eclemea Irina , Bratu Eugenia C , Furtunescu Florentina L , Pop Corina Silvia , Pana Bogdan C
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims: To combat hepatitis C virus (HCV) and achieve its elimination by 2030, the emphasis should be on public health policies. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of epidemiology of HCV in Romanian risk groups that are characterized by higher occurrence densities with the aid of The Let’s End HepC (LEHC) project.

Methods: The LEHC project addressed the modelling of HCV epidemiology, being applied in several countries, one of which is Romania. The model comprised an integrated solution of public health policies focused on the disease, using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis and Markov chains systems. This tool allowed the quantitative evaluation of public health policies‘ impact, for every year until 2030, in five population groups: people who inject drugs (PWID), prisoners, individuals who have received blood products, children at risk for vertical transmission, and the remnant population.

Results: It appears that Romania was already making great efforts in the context of public policies, allowing the achievement of HCV elimination by 2028 if current policies were maintained. Through additional work and greater efforts in further implementing public policies, the LEHC model estimated the possibility of anticipating this outcome to 2026.

Conclusion: The LEHC model estimated an anticipation of the HCV elimination year in Romania to be 2026 if the twenty-four health policies in the study are fully implemented and consistently maintained over the years.
Into which Region Should a Prophylactic Pancreatic Stent Be Inserted? A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Sugimoto Mitsuru , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Rei , Konno Naoki , Asama Hiroyuki , Sato Yuki , Irie Hiroki , Nakamura Jun , Takasumi Mika , Hashimoto Minami , Kato Tsunetaka , Hikichi Takuto , Ohira Hiromasa
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases. However, post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is sometimes a mortal adverse event. Though pancreatic stent (PS) insertion has proven to be a useful prophylaxis for PEP in several past reports, the region of the pancreas into which the PS should be inserted is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated where a prophylactic PS for PEP should be inserted.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we targeted 282 patients without past history of abdominal surgery and who underwent initial ERCP and insertion of prophylactic PS to prevent PEP between January 2007 and April 2019. Patients with PS insertion to the pancreatic head (head group) were compared with patients with PS insertion into the pancreatic body or tail (body/tail group) using propensity score matching for patient characteristics, ERCP procedures, and post-ERCP adverse events.

Results: After propensity score matching and removing the cases with the PS passing spontaneously for ERCP procedures, 52 head group patients and 54 body/tail group patients were selected. The PEP rate was significantly higher in the head group than in the body/tail group (9.6% vs. 0%, p=0.026).

Conclusion: Pancreatic stent insertion in the pancreatic body/tail was more effective for preventing PEP than PS insertion in the pancreatic head.
Improving Hospitalized Children's Sleep by Reducing Excessive Overnight Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Cook David J. , Arora Vineet M. , Chamberlain Michael , Anderson Samantha , Peirce Leah , Erondu Amarachi , Ahmed Farah , Kilaru Megha , Edstrom Eve , Gonzalez Monica , Ridgeway Rachel , Stanly Suja , LaFond Cynthia , Fromme H. Barrett , Clardy Christopher , Orlov Nicola M.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Although required for healing, sleep is often disrupted during hospitalization. Blood pressure (BP) monitoring can be especially disruptive for pediatric inpatients and has few clinical indications. Our aim in this pilot study was to reduce unnecessary overnight BP monitoring and improve sleep for pediatric inpatients.

METHODS:

The intervention in June 2018 involved clinician education sessions and updated electronic health record (EHR) orders that enabled the forgoing of overnight BP checks. The postintervention period from July 2018 to May 2019 examined patient-caregiver surveys as outcome measures. These surveys measured inpatient sleep and overnight disruptions and were adopted from validated surveys: the Patient Sleep Questionnaire, expanded Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, and Potential Hospital Sleep Disruptions and Noises Questionnaire. Uptake of new sleep-friendly EHR orders was a process measure. Reported patient care escalations served as a balancing measure.

RESULTS:

Interrupted time series analysis of EHR orders (npre = 493; npost = 1472) showed an increase in intercept for the proportion of patients forgoing overnight BP postintervention (+50.7%; 95% confidence interval 41.2% to 60.3%; P < .001) and a subsequent decrease in slope each week (−0.16%; 95% confidence interval −0.32% to −0.01%; P = .037). Statistical process control of surveys (npre = 263; npost = 131) showed a significant increase in sleep duration for patients older than 2, and nighttime disruptions by clinicians decreased by 19% (P < .001). Annual estimated cost savings were $15 842.01. No major adverse events in patients forgoing BP were reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

A pilot study combining EHR changes and clinician education safely decreased overnight BP checks, increased pediatric inpatient sleep duration, and reduced nighttime disruptions by clinicians.
For Victims of Fatal Child Abuse, Who Has the Right to Consent to Organ Donation?
Authors: Deutsch Stephanie Anne , Teeple Erin , Dickerman Mindy , Macaulay Jennifer , Collins Gary
Published: August 2020

In rare circumstances, children who have suffered traumatic brain injury from child abuse are declared dead by neurologic criteria and are eligible to donate organs. When the parents are the suspected abusers, there can be confusion about who has the legal right to authorize organ donation. Furthermore, organ donation may interfere with the collection of forensic evidence that is necessary to evaluate the abuse. Under those circumstances, particularly in the context of a child homicide investigation, the goals of organ donation and collection and preservation of critical forensic evidence may seem mutually exclusive. In this Ethics Rounds, we discuss such a case and suggest ways to resolve the apparent conflicts between the desire to procure organs for donation and the need to thoroughly evaluate the evidence of abuse.
A felnőttkori malignus hematológiai megbetegedések gyakorisága Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megyében. 36 év adatainak elemzése
Authors: Jakó János , Takács Péter , Szerafin László
Published: August 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A szerzők a Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megyei
leukaemia/lymphoma regiszterben 36 év alatt (1983. január 1. és 2018. december
31. között) 5159 újonnan felismert, malignus hematológiai betegségben szenvedő,
megyéjükben élő felnőtt beteg adatait rögzítették. Célkitűzés:
Az egyes hematológiai malignitások megyei incidenciájának, az incidencia évek
során tapasztalt változásának, valamint hematológiai malignitások társulásának
és családon belüli előfordulásának az ismertetése. Módszer: A
regiszter adatainak áttekintése, részletes, statisztikai számításokkal is
alátámasztott elemzése. Eredmények: Megyéjükben a Hodgkin-kór
és a non-Hodgkin-lymphoma incidenciája (1,49, illetve 7,12/100 000 lakos/év)
kissé elmarad a közölt értékektől, essentialis thrombocythaemia esetében (1,96)
meghaladja azt. A többi hematológiai malignitásé megegyezik az irodalmi
adatokkal. Az incidencia idők során tapasztalható változása valamennyi entitás
esetében egyezik az irodalomból ismert tendenciával. Malignus hematológiai
kórképek társulását 35 beteg esetében, familiáris előfordulását 88 családban
tapasztalták. Következtetés: A Hodgkin-kór, a
non-Hodgkin-lymphoma és az essentialis thrombocythaemia kivételével az egyes
hematológiai malignitások megyei incidenciája egyezik az irodalmi adatokkal, az
incidencia idők során tapasztalt változása valamennyi entitás esetében megfelel
azoknak. Malignus hematológiai kórképek ilyen nagy számú társulását elemző hazai
közlemény nem ismeretes. Az oldalági leszármazottakban, valamint a testvérekben
előforduló betegségtársulásokban kimutatott antepozíció nemzetközi viszonylatban
is újdonságnak számít. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(34): 1400–1413.