bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slip Rate and Rare Large Prehistoric Earthquakes of the Red River Fault, Southwestern China
Authors: Shi Xuhua , Sieh Kerry , Weldon Ray , Zhu Chengnan , Han Yuan , Yang Jiwu , Robinson Stephen W.
Published: June 2018

The Red River fault is an important plate‐boundary fault that has played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of northern Southeast Asia. Nonetheless, its millennial slip rate and earthquake recurrence behavior are poorly constrained. Analysis of 5‐ and 30‐m‐resolution topography reveals right‐lateral offsets that range from 60 m to 24 km along its “mid‐valley” trace but none along its “range‐front” trace. This strongly implies that the range‐front fault has experienced very little lateral slip for millions of years, even though it is the geologically more significant fault. Stratigraphic and geomorphologic investigation of the mid‐valley fault within a small channel near Gasa yields a14C‐based slip rate of 1.1 ± 0.4 mm/year, averaged over the last 30,000–50,000 years. Three‐dimensional paleoseismic excavation of colluvial wedges produced by collapse of shutter ridges into the channel shows that sudden dextral ruptures of the fault have occurred every 6,000 ± 1,000 years over the past 30,000 years. Two and possibly three large surface ruptures occurred in the past 13,500 years, and two previous ones occurred at 18,500 and 24,500 calendar years before present (cal yr BP). The oldest one in the section likely occurred at or a few 1,000 years before 29,800 ± 2,000 cal yr BP. The 3‐D extent of the colluvial wedges implies dextral offsets of ≥4.5 m, amounts that are consistent with the slip rate and recurrence interval. The evidence for low slip rate and rare large seismic events is consistent with the lack of large historical earthquakes along the fault and the low Global Positioning System (GPS)‐derived slip rate, but is much lower than widely cited geological slip rates.
Magnetic spin–orbit interaction of light
Authors: Wang Mengjia , Zhang Hongyi , Kovalevich Tatiana , Salut Roland , Kim Myun-Sik , Suarez Miguel Angel , Bernal Maria-Pilar , Herzig Hans-Peter , Lu Huihui , Grosjean Thierry
Published: June 2018

We study the directional excitation of optical surface waves controlled by the magnetic field of light. We theoretically predict that a spinning magnetic dipole develops a tunable unidirectional coupling of light to transverse electric (TE) polarized Bloch surface waves (BSWs). Experimentally, we show that the helicity of light projected onto a subwavelength groove milled into the top layer of a 1D photonic crystal (PC) controls the power distribution between two TE-polarized BSWs excited on both sides of the groove. Such a phenomenon is shown to be solely mediated by the helicity of the magnetic optical field, thus revealing a magnetic spin-orbit interaction of light. Remarkably, this magnetic optical effect is clearly observed via a near-field coupler governed by an electric dipole moment: it is of the same order of magnitude as the electric optical effects involved in the coupling. This opens up new degrees of freedom for the manipulation of light and offers desirable and novel opportunities for the development of integrated optical functionalities.
Phosphorylation of Parkin at serine 131 by p38 MAPK promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in mutant A53T α-synuclein model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chen Jialong , Ren Yixian , Gui Chen , Zhao Menglan , Wu Xian , Mao Kanmin , Li Wenjun , Zou Fei
Published: June 2018

α-synuclein abnormal accumulation and mitochondria dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Selective autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy) is a crucial component of the network controlling the mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanism that mutant α-synuclein induces mitochondrial abnormality through mitophagy impairment is not fully understood. Here, we showed that mutant A53T α-synuclein accumulation impaired mitochondrial function and Parkin-mediated mitophgy in α-synucleinA53T model. α-synucleinA53T overexpression caused p38 MAPK activation, then p38 MAPK directly phosphorylated Parkin at serine 131 to disrupt the Parkin’s protective function. The p38 MAPK inhibition significantly reduced cellular apoptosis, restored mitochondrial membrane potential as well as increased synaptic density both in SN4741 cells and primary midbrain neurons. These findings show that the p38 MAPK-Parkin signaling pathway regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and neuronal degeneration, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy of PD via enhancing mitochondrial turn-over and maintenance.
Stem cell factor is selectively secreted by arterial endothelial cells in bone marrow
Authors: Xu Chunliang , Gao Xin , Wei Qiaozhi , Nakahara Fumio , Zimmerman Samuel E. , Mar Jessica , Frenette Paul S.
Published: June 2018

Endothelial cells (ECs) contribute to haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance in bone marrow, but the differential contributions of EC subtypes remain unknown, owing to the lack of methods to separate with high purity arterial endothelial cells (AECs) from sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). Here we show that the combination of podoplanin (PDPN) and Sca-1 expression distinguishes AECs (CD45− Ter119− Sca-1bright PDPN−) from SECs (CD45− Ter119− Sca-1dim PDPN+). PDPN can be substituted for antibodies against the adhesion molecules ICAM1 or E-selectin. Unexpectedly, prospective isolation reveals that AECs secrete nearly all detectable EC-derived stem cell factors (SCF). Genetic deletion of Scf in AECs, but not SECs, significantly reduced functional HSCs. Lineage-tracing analyses suggest that AECs and SECs self-regenerate independently after severe genotoxic insults, indicating the persistence of, and recovery from, radio-resistant pre-specified EC precursors. AEC-derived SCF also promotes HSC recovery after myeloablation. These results thus uncover heterogeneity in the contribution of ECs in stem cell niches.
Immuno-detection by sequencing enables large-scale high-dimensional phenotyping in cells
Authors: van Buggenum Jessie A. G. , Gerlach Jan P. , Tanis Sabine E. J. , Hogeweg Mark , Jansen Pascal W. T. C. , Middelwijk Jesse , van der Steen Ruud , Vermeulen Michiel , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Albers Cornelis A. , Mulder Klaas W.
Published: June 2018

Cell-based small molecule screening is an effective strategy leading to new medicines. Scientists in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia have made tremendous progress in developing both large-scale and smaller-scale screening assays. However, an accessible and universal technology for measuring large numbers of molecular and cellular phenotypes in many samples in parallel is not available. Here we present the immuno-detection by sequencing (ID-seq) technology that combines antibody-based protein detection and DNA-sequencing via DNA-tagged antibodies. We use ID-seq to simultaneously measure 70 (phospho-)proteins in primary human epidermal stem cells to screen the effects of ~300 kinase inhibitor probes to characterise the role of 225 kinases. The results show an association between decreased mTOR signalling and increased differentiation and uncover 13 kinases potentially regulating epidermal renewal through distinct mechanisms. Taken together, our work establishes ID-seq as a flexible solution for large-scale high-dimensional phenotyping in fixed cell populations.
Reconfigurable photonic generation of broadband chirped waveforms using a single CW laser and low-frequency electronics
Authors: Guillet de Chatellus Hugues , Romero Cortés Luis , Schnébelin Côme , Burla Maurizio , Azaña José
Published: June 2018

Broadband radio-frequency chirped waveforms (RFCWs) with dynamically tunable parameters are of fundamental interest to many practical applications. Recently, photonic-assisted solutions have been demonstrated to overcome the bandwidth and flexibility constraints of electronic RFCW generation techniques. However, state-of-the-art photonic techniques involve broadband mode-locked lasers, complex dual laser systems, or fast electronics, increasing significantly the complexity and cost of the resulting platforms. Here we demonstrate a novel concept for photonic generation of broadband RFCWs using a simple architecture, involving a single CW laser, a recirculating frequency-shifting loop, and standard low-frequency electronics. All the chirp waveform parameters, namely sign and value of the chirp rate, central frequency and bandwidth, duration and repetition rate, are easily reconfigurable. We report the generation of mutually coherent RF chirps, with bandwidth above 28 GHz, and time-bandwidth product exceeding 1000, limited by the available detection bandwidth. The capabilities of this simple platform fulfill the stringent requirements for real-world applications.
Analysis of sensitive information leakage in functional genomics signal profiles through genomic deletions
Authors: Harmanci Arif , Gerstein Mark
Published: June 2018

Functional genomics experiments, such as RNA-seq, provide non-individual specific information about gene expression under different conditions such as disease and normal. There is great desire to share these data. However, privacy concerns often preclude sharing of the raw reads. To enable safe sharing, aggregated summaries such as read-depth signal profiles and levels of gene expression are used. Projects such as GTEx and ENCODE share these because they ostensibly do not leak much identifying information. Here, we attempt to quantify the validity of this statement, measuring the leakage of genomic deletions from signal profiles. We present information theoretic measures for the degree to which one can genotype these deletions. We then develop practical genotyping approaches and demonstrate how to use these to identify an individual within a large cohort in the context of linking attacks. Finally, we present an anonymization method removing much of the leakage from signal profiles.
Systematic design of superaerophobic nanotube-array electrode comprised of transition-metal sulfides for overall water splitting
Authors: Li Haoyi , Chen Shuangming , Zhang Ying , Zhang Qinghua , Jia Xiaofan , Zhang Qi , Gu Lin , Sun Xiaoming , Song Li , Wang Xun
Published: June 2018

Great attention has been focused on the design of electrocatalysts to enable electrochemical water splitting—a technology that allows energy derived from renewable resources to be stored in readily accessible and non-polluting chemical fuels. Herein we report a bifunctional nanotube-array electrode for water splitting in alkaline electrolyte. The electrode requires the overpotentials of 58 mV and 184 mV for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions respectively, meanwhile maintaining remarkable long-term durability. The prominent performance is due to the systematic optimization of chemical composition and geometric structure principally—that is, abundant electrocatalytic active sites, excellent conductivity of metallic 1T’ MoS2, synergistic effects among iron, cobalt, nickel ions, and the superaerophobicity of electrode surface for fast mass transfer. The electrode is also demonstrated to function as anode and cathode, simultaneously, delivering 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.429 V. Our results demonstrate substantial improvement in the design of high-efficiency electrodes for water electrolysis.
Author Correction: Ultra-thin high-efficiency mid-infraredtransmissive Huygens meta-optics
Authors: Zhang Li , Ding Jun , Zheng Hanyu , An Sensong , Lin Hongtao , Zheng Bowen , Du Qingyang , Yin Gufan , Michon Jerome , Zhang Yifei , Fang Zhuoran , Shalaginov Mikhail Y. , Deng Longjiang , Gu Tian , Zhang Hualiang , Hu Juejun
Published: June 2018

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements:‘J.D. and H. Zhang acknowledge initial funding for design of the meta-atoms provided by the National Science Foundation under award CMMI-1266251. Z.L. and H. Zheng contributed to the Device Fabrication section and were independently funded as visiting scholars by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under award 51772042 and the “111” project (No. B13042) led by Professor Huaiwu Zhang. Later work contained within the Device Modeling and Device Characterization sections and some revisions to the manuscript were funded under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Sciences Office (DSO) Program: EXTREME Optics and Imaging (EXTREME) under Agreement No. HR00111720029. The authors also acknowledge fabrication facility support by the Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems funded by the National Science Foundation under award 0335765. The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.’ This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Prognostic significance of frequent CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion in gastric signet-ring cell cancer
Authors: Shu Yang , Zhang Weihan , Hou Qianqian , Zhao Linyong , Zhang Shouyue , Zhou Jiankang , Song Xiaohai , Zhang Yan , Jiang Dan , Chen Xinzu , Wang Peiqi , Xia Xuyang , Liao Fei , Yin Dandan , Chen Xiaolong , Zhou Xueyan , Zhang Duyu , Yin Senlin , Yang Kun , Liu Jianping , Fu Leilei , Zhang Lan , Wang Yuelan , Zhang Junlong , An Yunfei , Cheng Hua , Zheng Bin , Sun Hongye , Zhao Yinglan , Wang Yongsheng , Xie Dan , Ouyang Liang , Wang Ping , Zhang Wei , Qiu Meng , Fu Xianghui , Dai Lunzhi , He Gu , Yang Hanshuo , Cheng Wei , Yang Li , Liu Bo , Li Weimin , Dong Biao , Zhou Zongguang , Wei Yuquan , Peng Yong , Xu Heng , Hu Jiankun
Published: June 2018

Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) has specific epidemiology and oncogenesis in gastric cancer, however, with no systematical investigation for prognostic genomic features. Here we report a systematic investigation conducted in 1868 Chinese gastric cancer patients indicating that signet-ring cells content was related to multiple clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. We thus perform whole-genome sequencing on 32 pairs of SRC samples, and identify frequent CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion (25%). With 797 additional patients for validation, prevalence of CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion is noticed to be associated with signet-ring cell content, age at diagnosis, female/male ratio, and TNM stage. Importantly, patients with CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion have worse survival outcomes, and get no benefit from oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidines-based chemotherapy, which is consistent with the fact of chemo-drug resistance acquired in CLDN18-ARHGAP26 introduced cell lines. Overall, this study provides insights into the clinical and genomic features of SRCC, and highlights the importance of frequent CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusions in chemotherapy response for SRCC.
Pulmonary pericytes regulate lung morphogenesis
Authors: Kato Katsuhiro , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Park Do Young , Hong Seon Pyo , Kato-Azuma Sakiko , Adams Susanne , Stehling Martin , Trappmann Britta , Wrana Jeffrey L. , Koh Gou Young , Adams Ralf H.
Published: June 2018

Blood vessels are essential for blood circulation but also control organ growth, homeostasis, and regeneration, which has been attributed to the release of paracrine signals by endothelial cells. Endothelial tubules are associated with specialised mesenchymal cells, termed pericytes, which help to maintain vessel wall integrity. Here we identify pericytes as regulators of epithelial and endothelial morphogenesis in postnatal lung. Mice lacking expression of the Hippo pathway components YAP and TAZ in pericytes show defective alveologenesis. Mutant pericytes are present in normal numbers but display strongly reduced expression of hepatocyte growth factor leading to impaired activation of the c-Met receptor, which is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells. YAP and TAZ are also required for expression of angiopoietin-1 by pulmonary pericytes, which also controls hepatocyte growth factor expression and thereby alveologenesis in an autocrine fashion. These findings establish that pericytes have important, organ-specific signalling properties and coordinate the behavior of epithelial and vascular cells during lung morphogenesis.
The annual rate of coronary artery calcification with combination therapy with a PCSK9 inhibitor and a statin is lower than that with statin monotherapy
Authors: Ikegami Yuichi , Inoue Ikuo , Inoue Kaiji , Shinoda Yuichi , Iida Shinichiro , Goto Seiichi , Nakano Takanari , Shimada Akira , Noda Mistuhiko
Published: June 2018

Statins and/or PCSK9 inhibitors cause the regression of coronary atheroma and reduce clinical events. However, it currently remains unclear whether these drugs modulate coronary atheroma calcification in vivo. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores (Agatston Units, AUs) were estimated in 120 patients receiving coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) (63% males; median age 56 years). The CAC scores were compared among the three groups: (1) neither statin nor PCSK9 inhibitor therapy, (2) statin monotherapy, and (3) statin and PCSK9 inhibitor combination therapy in an unpaired cross-sectional study. Additionally, CCTA was performed twice at an interval in 15 patients undergoing statin monotherapy to compare the previous (baseline) and subsequent (follow-up) CAC scores in a paired longitudinal study. In addition, a PCSK9 inhibitor was administered to 16 patients undergoing statin therapy. Before and after that, CCTA was performed twice to compare the previous and subsequent CAC scores in a paired longitudinal study. The unpaired cross-sectional study and paired longitudinal study consist of completely different patients. Among 120 patients, 40 (33%) had a CAC score >100 AUs. The median CAC score increased in the following order: statin group, statin and PCSK9 group, and no-statin-no-PCSK9 group. Annual CAC score progression was 29.7% by statin monotherapy and 14.3% following the addition of the PCSK9 inhibitor to statin therapy. The annual rate of CAC with the combination therapy with a PCSK9 inhibitor and a statin is lower than that with statin monotherapy. CAC may be prevented with PCSK9 Inhibitor.
Tubular iron deposition and iron handling proteins in human healthy kidney and chronic kidney disease
Authors: van Raaij Sanne , van Swelm Rachel , Bouman Karlijn , Cliteur Maaike , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Pertijs Jeanne , Patel Dominic , Bass Paul , van Goor Harry , Unwin Robert , Srai Surjit Kaila , Swinkels Dorine
Published: June 2018

Iron is suggested to play a detrimental role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The kidney recycles iron back into the circulation. However, the localization of proteins relevant for physiological tubular iron handling and their potential role in CKD remain unclear. We examined associations between iron deposition, expression of iron handling proteins and tubular injury in kidney biopsies from CKD patients and healthy controls using immunohistochemistry. Iron was deposited in proximal (PT) and distal tubules (DT) in 33% of CKD biopsies, predominantly in pathologies with glomerular dysfunction, but absent in controls. In healthy kidney, PT contained proteins required for iron recycling including putative iron importers ZIP8, ZIP14, DMT1, iron storage proteins L- and H-ferritin and iron exporter ferroportin, while DT only contained ZIP8, ZIP14, and DMT1. In CKD, iron deposition associated with increased intensity of iron importers (ZIP14, ZIP8), storage proteins (L-, H-ferritin), and/or decreased ferroportin abundance. This demonstrates that tubular iron accumulation may result from increased iron uptake and/or inadequate iron export. Iron deposition associated with oxidative injury as indicated by heme oxygenase-1 abundance. In conclusion, iron deposition is relatively common in CKD, and may result from altered molecular iron handling and may contribute to renal injury.
Bayesian Multi-Plate High-Throughput Screening of Compounds
Authors: Shterev Ivo D. , Dunson David B. , Chan Cliburn , Sempowski Gregory D.
Published: June 2018

High-throughput screening of compounds (chemicals) is an essential part of drug discovery, involving thousands to millions of compounds, with the purpose of identifying candidate hits. Most statistical tools, including the industry standard B-score method, work on individual compound plates and do not exploit cross-plate correlation or statistical strength among plates. We present a new statistical framework for high-throughput screening of compounds based on Bayesian nonparametric modeling. The proposed approach is able to identify candidate hits from multiple plates simultaneously, sharing statistical strength among plates and providing more robust estimates of compound activity. It can flexibly accommodate arbitrary distributions of compound activities and is applicable to any plate geometry. The algorithm provides a principled statistical approach for hit identification and false discovery rate control. Experiments demonstrate significant improvements in hit identification sensitivity and specificity over the B-score and R-score methods, which are highly sensitive to threshold choice. These improvements are maintained at low hit rates. The framework is implemented as an efficient extension package and is suitable for large scale data sets.
Recovery of Degraded-Beyond-Recognition 19th Century Daguerreotypes with Rapid High Dynamic Range Elemental X-ray Fluorescence Imaging of Mercury L Emission
Authors: Kozachuk Madalena S. , Sham Tsun-Kong , Martin Ronald R. , Nelson Andrew J. , Coulthard Ian , McElhone John P.
Published: June 2018

A daguerreotype image, the first commercialized photographic process, is composed of silver-mercury, and often silver-mercury-gold amalgam particles on the surface of a silver-coated copper plate. Specular and diffuse reflectance of light from these image particles produces the range of gray tones that typify these 19thcentury images. By mapping the mercury distribution with rapid-scanning, synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) imaging, full portraits, which to the naked eye are obscured entirely by extensive corrosion, can be retrieved in a non-invasive, non-contact, and non-destructive manner. This work furthers the chemical understanding regarding the production of these images and suggests that mercury is retained in the image particles despite surface degradation. Most importantly, μ-XRF imaging provides curators with an image recovery method for degraded daguerreotypes, even if the artifact’s condition is beyond traditional conservation treatments.
Fast preparation of carbon spheres from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin: Effects of hydrothermal carbonization conditions
Authors: Mao Haiyan , Chen Xianwen , Huang Runzhou , Chen Minzhi , Yang Rui , Lan Pin , Zhou Meijun , Zhang Feng , Yang Yu , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: June 2018

This study explores the effect of carbon sphere preparation conditions on the morphology of the carbon spheres and the micropore development by fast potassium hydroxide activation via microwave heating. Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin is used as the precursor for carbon sphere preparation via environmentally friendly hydrothermal carbonization. The effects of various carbonization temperatures, carbonization times and reaction concentrations on the physical morphology of the carbon sphere surfaces are investigated. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, yield and scanning electron microscopic images are used to characterize the carbon spheres. High carbonization temperatures and times result in large particle sizes, high sphericity, uniform size, and high dispersity of the carbon spheres. The best carbon spheres are obtained at 270 °C for 7 hours with a reaction concentration of 0.06 g ml−1 and a particle size of 3–6 μm. After activation, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the activated carbon spheres increases from 248 m2 g−1 to 1278 m2 g−1. Carbon spheres activated by treatment with fast potassium hydroxide and microwave heating can develop micropores that enhance the adsorptive capacity for small molecules, such as gases. Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin-derived carbon spheres formed via hydrothermal carbonization should be potentially sustainable materials applicable in energy and environmental fields.
Atlantic salmon skin barrier functions gradually enhance after seawater transfer
Authors: Karlsen Christian , Ytteborg Elisabeth , Timmerhaus Gerrit , Høst Vibeke , Handeland Sigurd , Jørgensen Sven Martin , Krasnov Aleksei
Published: June 2018

Atlantic salmon farming operates with high production intensities where skin integrity is recognized as a central factor and indicator for animal health and welfare. In the described trial, the skin development and its immune status in healthy Atlantic salmon reared in two different systems, a traditional open net-pen system and a semi-closed containment system, were investigated. Freshwater smolts were compared to post-smolts after 1 and 4 months in seawater. Growth performance, when adjusted for temperature, was equal between the systems. Skin analyses, including epidermis and dermis, showed that thickness and mucus cell numbers increased in pace with the growth and time post seawater transfer (PST). Gene expression changes suggested similar processes with development of connective tissue, formation of extracellular matrix and augmented cutaneous secretion, changes in mucus protein composition and overall increased immune activity related to gradually enforced protection against pathogens. Results suggest a gradual morphological development in skin with a delayed recovery of immune functions PST. It is possible that Atlantic salmon could experience increased susceptibility to infectious agents and risk of diseases during the first post-smolt period.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI shows low cerebral 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in a model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tolomeo Daniele , Micotti Edoardo , Serra Sonia Colombo , Chappell Michael , Snellman Anniina , Forloni Gianluigi
Published: June 2018

Glucose is the central nervous system’s only energy source. Imaging techniques capable to detect pathological alterations of the brain metabolism are useful in different diagnostic processes. Such techniques are also beneficial for assessing the evaluation efficacy of therapies in pre-clinical and clinical stages of diseases. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a possible alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that has been widely explored in cancer research in humans and animal models. We propose that pathological alterations in brain 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) uptake, typical of neurodegenerative diseases, can be detected with CEST MRI. Transgenic mice overexpressing a mutated form of amyloid precusrsor protein (APP23), a model of Alzheimer’s disease, analyzed with CEST MRI showed a clear reduction of 2DG uptake in different brain regions. This was reminiscent of the cerebral condition observed in Alzheimer’s patients. The results indicate the feasibility of CEST for analyzing the brain metabolic state, with better image resolution than PET in experimental models.
Two-dimensional materials with piezoelectric and ferroelectric functionalities
Authors: Cui Chaojie , Xue Fei , Hu Wei-Jin , Li Lain-Jong
Published: June 2018

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with a non-centrosymmetric structure exhibit great potential for nano-scale electromechanical systems and electronic devices. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric 2D materials draw growing interest for applications in energy harvesting, electronics, and optoelectronics. This article first reviews the preparation of these functional 2D layered materials, including exfoliation methods and vapor phase deposition growth, followed by a general introduction to various piezo/ferro-electric characterization methods. Typical 2D piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials and their electronic properties, together with their potential applications, are also introduced. Finally, future research directions for 2D piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials are discussed.
Developing design criteria for organic solar cells using well-absorbing non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Krückemeier Lisa , Kaienburg Pascal , Flohre Jan , Bittkau Karsten , Zonno Irene , Krogmeier Benedikt , Kirchartz Thomas
Published: June 2018

In recent years, efficiencies of bulk heterojunction solar cells have risen substantially mostly due to the development of well-absorbing small molecules that replace fullerenes as the acceptor molecule. The improved light absorption due to the combination of two strongly absorbing molecules raises the question, how to best combine the absorption onsets of the donor and acceptor molecule to maximize efficiency. By using numerical simulations, we explain under which circumstances complementary absorption or overlapping absorption bands of the two molecules will be more beneficial for efficiency. Only when mobility and lifetime of charge carriers are sufficiently high to allow sufficient charge collection for layer thicknesses around the second interference maximum, a combination of complementary absorbing molecules is more efficient. For smaller thicknesses, a blend of molecules with the same absorption onset achieves higher efficiencies.
Intensified Food Processing Through Membrane Operations
Authors: Cassano A. , Conidi C. , Drioli E.
Published: June 2018

An overview of the most developed and investigated membrane processes in the food processing industry is first presented. Selected examples of integrated membrane operations, investigated on both laboratory and pilot scale in fruit juice, wine, and milk processing, are analyzed and discussed, emphasizing the synergistic effect that can be achieved through the combination of membrane unit operations and the relative advantages over conventional separation methodologies in terms of high quality products, recovery of high added-value compounds, and saving of production and energy costs.
Novel Processing Concepts for Making Fibrous Food Products
Authors: Dekkers Birgit L. , Jan van der Goot Atze
Published: June 2018

A route to make Western diets more sustainable is through reduction of the consumption of animal-derived products. The simplest route to achieve this is to replace animal-derived products with vegetables, beans or pulses. However, modern consumers highly appreciate the texture and juiciness of meat. That is why scientists and food engineers aim to mimic the structure of meat using plant-derived ingredients. In this book chapter, we describe the need to reduce meat consumption in more detail and outline current processes to make today's meat analog products. However, the current products do not satisfy all consumer demands with respect to taste, texture and/or price. That is why we present novel routes and processing concepts currently being studied to make meat analogs. Those routes include concepts that aim to rebuild structures using molecular orientation, cellular imitation and methods that aim to alter naturally present structures in plant materials. The chapter ends by reviewing possible raw materials to be used in those applications and the importance of understanding the effect on functional properties when preparing the ingredients.
Thermosensitive molecularly imprinted core–shell CdTe quantum dots as a ratiometric fluorescence nanosensor for phycocyanin recognition and detection in seawater
Authors: Li Jinhua , Fu Junqing , Yang Qian , Wang Liyan , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Lingxin
Published: June 2018

Combining molecular imprinting, ratiometric fluorescence and a stimulus response enables the temperature-regulated sensitive detection of phycocyanin.
Preparation of an OTA aptasensor based on a metal–organic framework
Authors: Li De-lei , Zhang Xi , Ma Yuchan , Deng Yan , Hu Rong , Yang Yunhui
Published: June 2018

A novel aptasensor for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) was developed using a metal–organic framework (MOF) as the signal unit.
CO2-Triggered microreactions in liquid marbles
Authors: Luo Xinjie , Yin Hongyao , Li Xian’e , Su Xin , Feng Yujun
Published: June 2018

CO2-Triggered microreactions in liquid marbles were developed by using CO2 to coalesce contacting patchy liquid marbles containing separate reagents.
C–C to CC conversion within a supramolecular framework of tetrathiafulvalene: a confinement effect and an oxygen related dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Ping , Huo Peng , Zhang Xuan , Zhu Qin-Yu , Dai Jie
Published: June 2018

A supramolecular framework with a TTF derivative can activate strong C–H bonds and transform alkanes to alkenes at room temperature under the confinement effect of the framework in the presence of oxygen.
Mesoporous imine-based organic polymer: catalyst-free synthesis in water and application in CO2 conversion
Authors: Yu Xiaoxiao , Yang Zhenzhen , Guo Shien , Liu Zhenghui , Zhang Hongye , Yu Bo , Zhao Yanfei , Liu Zhimin
Published: June 2018

A mesoporous imine-functionalized organic polymer was prepared in water under catalyst- and template-free conditions. After Pd species coordination, the resultant material exhibited high catalytic efficiency in the N-formylation of amines with CO2/H2.
Three-stage pH-switchable organic chromophores with large nonlinear optical responses and switching contrasts
Authors: van Bezouw Stein , Koo Min-Jeong , Lee Seung-Chul , Lee Seung-Heon , Campo Jochen , Kwon O-Pil , Wenseleers Wim
Published: June 2018

First three-stage pH-switchable second-order nonlinear optical chromophores are synthesized and characterized by tunable-wavelength (non)linear spectroscopy, showing remarkably different on–off sequences.
A nanoporous sulfur-bridged hexaazatrinaphthylene framework as an organic cathode for lithium ion batteries with well-balanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Wang Jinquan , Lee Yuhang , Tee Kaize , Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Zhang Yugen
Published: June 2018

A nanoporous sulfur-bridged hexaazatrinaphthylene (NSHATN) framework with well-defined nanoporous structure exhibits well-balanced electrical performances in capacity, cycling stability and rate capability as a cathode for lithium ion batteries.
Catalytic, metal-free alkylheteroarylation of alkenes via distal heteroaryl ipso-migration
Authors: He Yonghui , Wang Yaqi , Gao Jun , Zeng Liang , Li Shusheng , Wang Wei , Zheng Xiaohui , Zhang Shengyong , Gu Lijun , Li Ganpeng
Published: June 2018

A new direct alkylheteroarylation of alkenes with simple alkylnitriles via distal heteroaryl ipso-migration has been accomplished under metal-free conditions, in which inexpensive alkylnitriles served as radical precursors, which together with ease of operation makes this process a very practical protocol.
Allosteric cooperativity in ternary complexes with low symmetry
Authors: Chai Hongxin , Yang Liu-Pan , Ke Hua , Pang Xin-Yu , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2018

Strong positive allosteric cooperativity was achieved in a low-symmetry ternary complex with two different hosts on one guest.
The structure and synthesis of organic crystalline polymers: hints fromab initiocomputation
Authors: Brazhkin V. V. , Nikolaev N. A. , Shulga Y. M. , Lebed Y. B. , Kondrin M. V.
Published: June 2018

The optical properties and structures of extended covalently bonded hydrocarbon polymers were studied by the DFT method and compared with experimental data.
Assembly of silver-oxo complexes based on N-diphenylphosphanylmethyl-3-aminopyridine and their structures, photocatalysis and photocurrent responses
Authors: Xu Lin-Yan , Yang Wei , Liu Chao-Fan , Ren Zhi-Gang , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: June 2018

Compound {[Ag(μ-η2-Sal)(3-dppmapy)]}n exhibits prompt anodic photocurrent responses and high photocatalytic performance in the degradation of organic dyes.
Solvent-induced structural transformation and magnetic modulation in 1D copper(ii) polymers based on a semi-rigid ligand containing 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole
Authors: Wu Xiang-Wen , Pan Feng , Yin Shi , Ge Jing-Yuan , Jin Guo-Xia , Wang Peng , Ma Jian-Ping
Published: June 2018

A helical Cu(ii) polymer chain exhibits reversible SCSC transformation and magnetism switching by the chemisorption/desorption of MeCN molecules.
Extending the scope of the carbonyl facilitated triplet excited state towards visible light excitation
Authors: Rajagopal Shinaj K. , K. Nagaraj , Deb Somadrita , Bhat Vinayak , Sasikumar Devika , Sebastian Ebin , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: June 2018

A series of extended π-conjugated benzophenone analogs was synthesized through a facile Lewis-acid catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction in order to exploit the integral triplet state properties of benzophenone.
Structure of supramolecular astaxanthin aggregates revealed by molecular dynamics and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Zajac Grzegorz , Machalska Ewa , Kaczor Agnieszka , Kessler Jiří , Bouř Petr , Baranska Malgorzata
Published: June 2018

We report the molecular dynamics and electronic circular dichroism computations of astaxanthin aggregates, to find a link between the aggregate structure and spectral shapes, and the environment.
Effects of tuning the applied voltage pulse periods on the electroluminescence spectra of host–guest white light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Wu Ming-Lun , Chen Guan-Yu , Shih Ting-An , Lu Chin-Wei , Su Hai-Ching
Published: June 2018

Tunable correlated color temperature of electroluminescence from white light-emitting electrochemical cells based on adjusting the voltage pulse period.
Slow magnetic relaxation in a {CoIICoIII2} complex containing a high magnetic anisotropy trigonal bipyramidal CoII centre
Authors: Collet Alexandra , Craig Gavin A. , Heras Ojea María José , Bhaskaran Lakshmi , Wilson Claire , Hill Stephen , Murrie Mark
Published: June 2018

Incorporation of a trigonal bipyramidal CoII centre in {CoIICoIII2} leads to a large, easy-plane magnetic anisotropy and slow magnetic relaxation.
Surface deep oxidation of ofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenol over ferrocene@sepiolite due to their synergistic effect in visible light driven heterogeneous Fenton reaction process
Authors: Tian Xike , He Xiaoyu , Nie Yulun , Zhou Zhaoxin , Yang Chao , Wang Yanxin
Published: June 2018

Atomically dispersed FeCp anchored on Sep was prepared for efficient photo-Fenton degradation of OFX with good stability.
Single-file transport of water through membrane channels
Authors: Horner Andreas , Pohl Peter
Published: June 2018

After a short introduction into the single-file transport theory, we analyze experiments in which the unitary water permeability, pf, of water channel proteins (aquaporins, AQPs), potassium channels (KcsA), and antibiotics (gramicidin-A derivatives) has been obtained. A short outline of the underlying methods is also provided.
Ga-doped Cu/H-nanozeolite-Y catalyst for selective hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived chemicals
Authors: Verma Deepak , Insyani Rizki , Cahyadi Handi Setiadi , Park Jaeyong , Kim Seung Min , Cho Jae Min , Bae Jong Wook , Kim Jaehoon
Published: June 2018

The development of an efficient non-sulfided and non-precious catalyst for selective hydrogenation (HD) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived feedstocks to produce fuels and chemicals is of great interest.
Iridium-catalysed primary alcohol oxidation and hydrogen shuttling for the depolymerisation of lignin
Authors: Lancefield Christopher S. , Teunissen Lucas W. , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A.
Published: June 2018

A new Ir catalysed approach for the selective cleavage of the Cα–Cβ bond in lignin β-O-4 units, allowing access to novel and tuneable monomeric product mixtures.
Self-assembled cobalt(ii)porphyrin–fulleropyrrolidine triads via axial coordination with photoinduced electron transfer
Authors: Bichan N. G. , Ovchenkova E. N. , Kudryakova N. O. , Ksenofontov A. A. , Gruzdev M. S. , Lomova T. N.
Published: June 2018

Photoinduced electron transfer is observed in a novel cobalt(ii)porphyrin/fulleropyrrolidine triad formed by axial coordination.
Electrothermal based active control of ion transport in a microfluidic device with an ion-permselective membrane
Authors: Park Sinwook , Yossifon Gilad
Published: June 2018

The ionic depletion layer within a microchannel-permselective membrane system can be dynamically controlled by inducing electrothermal flow driven by the interaction of temperature gradients with the applied electric field.
A guard to reduce the accidental oxidation of PbTe nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Gang , Yan Cong , Xue Zhen-Jie , Liu Cong , Xu Guiying , Wang Tie
Published: June 2018

Benzene derivatives can reduce unexpected PbTe NCs oxidation even with the introduction of leaked air or moisture during the synthesis procedure.
Improved structural design of single- and double-wall MnCo2O4 nanotube cathodes for long-life Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Wu Haitao , Sun Wang , Shen Junrong , Lu Chengyi , Wang Yan , Wang Zhenhua , Sun Kening
Published: June 2018

MnCo2O4 nanotubes with a tunable structure are fabricated by electrospinning and serve as bifunctional catalysts for Li–O2 batteries with significantly improved performance.
Hierarchically porous composite microparticles from microfluidics for controllable drug delivery
Authors: Zhao Xin , Liu Yuxiao , Yu Yunru , Huang Qian , Ji Wu , Li Jieshou , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: June 2018

Hierarchically porous composite microparticles are generated by drying microfluidic emulsions for repairing abdominal wall defects.
Synthesis and adhesion control of glucose-based bioadhesive via strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Pramudya Irawan , Kim Cheoljae , Chung Hoyong
Published: June 2018

A glucose-based bioadhesive has been synthesized by radical polymerization. The adhesion was significantly enhanced by biologically safe SPAAC crosslinking after initial attachment on a substrate.
Sustainable synthesis and characterization of a bisphenol A-free polycarbonate from a six-membered dicyclic carbonate
Authors: Wang Pengrui , Park Ji Hoon , Sayed Mahmoud , Chang Tae-Sun , Moran Amy , Chen Shaochen , Pyo Sang-Hyun
Published: June 2018

A BPA-free polycarbonate, a new type of highly thermally stable, optically transparent and biocompatible material was prepared from a di-cyclic carbonate.
Polyacrylic esters with a “one-is-enough” effect and investigation of their AIEE behaviours and cyanide detection in aqueous solution
Authors: Wan Haibo , Gu Peiyang , Zhou Feng , Wang Hongliang , Jiang Jun , Chen Dongyun , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei
Published: June 2018

Four end-functionalized polymers bearing chains with different hydrophilicities were successfully synthesized using a red-light emitting initiator via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).
Correction: Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Taeho , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Jegal Jonggeon , Kim Joo Hyun , Yang Hoichang , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop X. , Hwang Sung Yeon
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites’ by Taeho Kim et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 15389–15398.
Teaching and learning chemical bonding: research-based evidence for misconceptions and conceptual difficulties experienced by students in upper secondary schools and the effect of an enriched text
Authors: Tsaparlis Georgios , Pappa Eleni T. , Byers Bill
Published: June 2018

Chemical bonding is a fundamental but complex topic, which has traditionally been associated with learning difficulties, misunderstandings, and misconceptions. This paper reviews some previous studies, concerning students’ conceptual difficulties and reports the findings from a research study with Greek students, which set out to examine their knowledge and understanding of a number of key concepts related to bonding. Three student samples were studied; one consisted of tenth-grade students from three public schools, the second contained first-year chemistry and biology students at the beginning of their university courses, and the third involved tenth-grade students from a prestigious private school. The students generally exhibited limited knowledge and possessed certain misconceptions, with the private school and the university students demonstrating better knowledge than the public school students. A quasi-experimental research design was employed using students from the private school, with some students used as a control group and others as a treatment group. The control group was taught using the standard Greek chemistry textbook, while the treatment group used enriched teaching material. It was found that while the two groups demonstrated similar performance for many bonding concepts, the treatment group did show superior knowledge with respect to a number of issues, such as the role of electrostatic interactions, electronegativity, and bond polarity.
A high performance catalyst of shape-specific ruthenium nanoparticles for production of primary amines by reductive amination of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Chandra Debraj , Inoue Yasunori , Sasase Masato , Kitano Masaaki , Bhaumik Asim , Kamata Keigo , Hosono Hideo , Hara Michikazu
Published: June 2018

The creation of metal catalysts with highly active surfaces is pivotal to meeting the strong economic demand of the chemical industry.
Synergistically mediated enhancement of cathodic and anodic electrochemiluminescence of graphene quantum dots through chemical and electrochemical reactions of coreactants
Authors: Cai Xiao-Li , Zheng Bo , Zhou Yue , Younis Muhammad Rizwan , Wang Feng-Bin , Zhang Wen-Min , Zhou Yi-Ge , Xia Xing-Hua
Published: June 2018

A dual potential electrochemiluminescence (ECL) enhancement of graphene quantum dots is achieved through chemical and electrochemical reactions of two different coreactants.
Organic chemistry at anodes and photoanodes
Authors: Reid Lacey M. , Li Tengfei , Cao Yang , Berlinguette Curtis P.
Published: June 2018

Organic oxidation reactions can replace the anodic oxygen evolution of water splitting for clean hydrogen generation paired with high-value product.
Relating the structure factors of two-dimensional materials in planar and spherical geometries
Authors: Luo Yongtian , Maibaum Lutz
Published: June 2018

We derive an approximate relationship between the static structure factors of two-dimensional materials in planar and spherical geometries.
Highly efficient solar cells based on Cl incorporated tri-cation perovskite materials
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Yue Shizhong , Xu Rui , Liu Kong , Ren Kuankuan , Sun Yang , Liu Jun , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun , lei Yong , Wang Zhanguo
Published: June 2018

Incorporation of appropriate amounts of Cs and Cl into the perovskite precursor could improve the stability of corresponding devices. A high power conversion efficiency of 20.31% without hysteresis is realized.
Onion-like metal–organic colloidosomes from counterion-induced self-assembly of anionic surfactants
Authors: Zhou Yao , Chen Jiande , Li Jun-Tao , Lin Zhi-Bin , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: June 2018

Interactions between the anionic surfactant SDBS and transition metal cations lead to onion-like concentrically multishelled assemblies, which could be transformed into various multishelled or layered metal hydroxides.
Correction: A thermally crosslinked multiblock sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone nitrile) copolymer with a 1,2,3-triazole pendant for proton conducting membranes
Authors: Hu Huayuan , Dong Tiandu , Sui Yuqian , Li Nanwen , Ueda Mitsuru , Wang Lianjun , Zhang Xuan
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘A thermally crosslinked multiblock sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone nitrile) copolymer with a 1,2,3-triazole pendant for proton conducting membranes’ by Huayuan Hu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 3560–3570.
Cu2O@PNIPAM core–shell microgels as novel inkjet materials for the preparation of CuO hollow porous nanocubes gas sensing layers
Authors: Jia He , Gao Haitao , Mei Shilin , Kneer Janosch , Lin Xianzhong , Ran Qidi , Wang Fuxian , Palzer Stefan , Lu Yan
Published: June 2018

CuO porous hollow sensing layers can be easily formed by heating Cu2O@PNIPAM printed layers, which show faster response to relevant trace NO2 gases than sensors produced from bare Cu2O nanocubes.