bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of Some Author’s Rights Realization
Authors: Petriaiev Sergii , Kogut Natalya
Published: March 2020

The most complicated in its realization material and personnel author’s rights are investigated in the article. The authors pay special attention to the next intellectual property rights: defense of the honor, dignity and goodwill of the author; inviolability of the composition; follow right; right of remuneration (royalty) for the commercial usage of the composition. The right of inviolability of the composition is a non-material right of intellectual property according to Ukrainian legislation but as an exception may be defended by other persons which are not subject of this right. On the contrary with the right of inviolability the right to change composition is a kind of material right of the author, which may be inherited. But changes into authors composition without his agree may break authors right on the honor and dignity which nevertheless exist during the lifetime of the author. Personnel non-material rights are valid during one’s lifetime on the contrary to the personnel rights of intellectual property. Thus, it is worth to provide that right to change composition after the death of the author other than translation or adoption as non-transferring material right of the author.  

Follow right is the inalienable author’s right for 5 % from the sale price of the original artistic composition. Civil code of Ukraine doesn’t reveal to which kinds of artistic compositions may be applied follow right except for fine art compositions. It is told about works of fiction but it doesn’t allow to distinguish which objects should be excluded from the follow right. Logic position and international practice show that architectural objects and objects of folk arts are not amongst those, which may be used follow right for.

Right of remuneration (royalty) for the commercial usage of the composition is weakly regulated. The main trouble that on the contrary with many other countries Ukrainian legislation doesn’t anticipate an obliged payments for commercial usage of compositions to persons who owns a material intellectual property rights. Besides, the exceptional list of free cases of compositions using contains also kinds of using which may anticipate commercial aspects. Especially it’s relevant to parodies, potpourri and caricatures. Using in such way changed compositions as a rule gives some commercial benefit or profit from advertising in the Internet whilst video clip. Also such kinds of composition’s changes may break the author’s right on honor, dignity and goodwill as well as an inviolability of the composition.

The authors propose to define strictly the amount of repeat in the literature and musical compositions, which will be recognized as plagiarism. Besides, legal relations between the authors and publishers and possible ways of legal regulation of their material rights division are investigated in the article.
International Legal Aspects of Civil Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the Czech Republic and Ukraine
Authors: Boudka Ruslan
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of certain international legal aspects of the Czech and Ukrainian systems of protection of IPR in the context of European integration processes. A comparative analysis of the basic principles of the interaction between international and domestic law between Ukraine and the Czech Republic shows that there are similar and distinct features. The similarity is based on the fact that the constitutions of both states contain an ambivalent legal regime effect of the provisions of international and national law, according to which the provisions of international treaties, which are properly implemented in domestic law, are an integral part of it. This means the supremacy of the national constitution on the provisions of a ratified international treaty, which, in turn, takes precedence over domestic law by virtue of the principle of good faith implementation of international treaties and the inadmissibility of invoking deficiencies in internal law and as a ground for non-compliance with international obligations.

On the basis of the application of dogmatic, natural law and comparative-legal approaches the peculiarities of interaction of the international and domestic system of legal protection of intellectual property law are analyzed. The peculiarities of international legal protection of intellectual property law in the Czech Republic are revealed, in particular at the level of universal and regional systems of international protection, as well as in the framework of the supremacy of the European Union law and its horizontal effect on the legislation of Czech Republic.

The difference between the legal order of Ukraine and the Czech Republic on the interaction of international and national law is conditioned by an EU factor, since the Czech Republic is a Member State of the Union. In the course of interaction between the domestic legal order of Ukraine with the EU, this takes place in the form of an approximation, the legal forms of which are defined by the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. The interaction between the internal law of the Czech Republic and the EU law is determined in the field of intellectual property rights through at least two parameters: 1) the supremacy of law of the EU over the legislation of the Czech Republic; 2) the horizontal effect of EU law when the legislation of the Czech Republic does not properly specify and detail the principles and norms of the EU in private-law relations between individuals.
Production of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition as an object of legal regulation
Authors: Shybko Roman
Published: March 2020

The article explores the peculiarities of production agricultural raw materials for baby food in Ukraine as an object of legal regulation. The author emphasizes that the production of agricultural raw materials for baby food is a type of production and economic activity.

The production of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition is characterized by main features of production and economic activity. Such type of production and economic activity is a set of social relations governed by agrarian, economic, civil, land, environmental law. The production of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition arise in a specific field of social activity related to the process of production, processing and sale of agricultural products. Agrarian producers carry out such type of production for commercial purposes.

The production of agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition has its own specific features, which distinguishes it among other types of agricultural production. Such production is one of the guarantees of food security of Ukraine. To achieve food security of Ukraine the agrarian producers must provide adequate production of agricultural raw materials for baby food. Infants and young children are specific consumers of such production. The author highlights that baby nutrition must offset daily energy expenditure of the body's normal functioning and adequate development.

Special requirements for the production of agricultural raw materials for baby food are laid down in the provisions of Art. 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On Baby Nutrition". Agricultural raw materials for baby nutrition are produced mainly in special raw materials areas. Features of special raw material zones are determined by the Procedure for granting the status of special raw material production zone used for the production of baby and diet food. The author outlines the main advantages of organic products over inorganic ones.

The article provides the analysis of analysis of requirements for the producer of agricultural raw materials for baby food. The author concludes that the production of agricultural raw materials combines the features of plant and animal husbandry.

To the result, the article defines production of agricultural raw materials for the baby nutrition through the prism of its basic and special features.
Оn organized crime strategies (example of Ukraine and Spain)
Authors: Perelyhina Raisa , Dmytryshak Yurii
Published: March 2020

Organized crime is one of the biggest problems of today’s states, with levels steadily increasing and engulfing more and more countries. Such crime is different from crimes that are committed unorganized or alone by their extreme danger to society. Organized crime influences important political and social processes in the state, interferes with the work of public authorities, which damages the efficiency of these bodies and reduces the level of trust in the state apparatus.

In general, it can be argued that regardless of the specialization of criminal groups, organized crime is the most dangerous and complex anti-social phenomenon, it has no boundaries, and members of such a criminal group are located in different corners of the world and in the development of telecommunication, computer technologies, combating Organized crime requires new techniques

In order to improve the fight against organized crime, Spain updates its legislation every year. This is due to the fact that criminal organizations are coming up with new methods and ways of carrying out their activities and pursuing their interests. Because of this, some old mafia techniques are simply not effective.

The strategy has main objectives, it is the delimitation of criminal structures; reducing their activity; preventing the emergence of new criminal groups; reducing the impact on the public; counteracting the growing link between terrorism and organized crime. To do this, the strategy is built around ten lines of activity, seven vertical lines and three horizontal lines that intersect them. This strategy also notes for each area certain actions that will be a very useful tool for all public authorities aimed at ensuring the security of the country. The article analyzes the legislation of Spain in the field of combating organized crime, which highlights the main innovations in this legislation, which increase the efficiency of the work of public authorities in the fight against organized crime. The new strategy for the fight against organized crime is described, its main goals and directions of improvement are investigated. The peculiarities of combating organized crime in Spain, as well as the formulation of proposals for improvement of domestic legislation in the above, were investigated on the basis of the analysis of relevant legal acts.
The application of the right to be forgotten in the context of criminal records expungement: the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the case law of the us courts
Authors: Lytvynenko Anatoliy
Published: March 2020

The personal right to privacy, which had been elaborated in the jurisprudence of Anglo-American and Continental law states, has rapidly transmuted into modern forms owing to technological advancement of data maintenance and data processing which gradually involved photographing, fingerprints and various DNA data. At the dawn of the 20th century, a multitude of lawsuits concerning criminal records expungement broke out – therein, the plaintiffs tried to obtain a court order for destroying their criminal record data, as well as data relating to a suspicion in committing crimes. The mode of data dissemination to, e.g. employers, educational institutions, banking and credit institutions has repeatedly had a negative effect on plaintiffs’ lives. The United States case law has not once shown that even in the pre-computer era the maintenance of such personal data for an unlimited time period could frequently bring to deplorable consequences – for instance, the plaintiff lost his job or business, or was unable to take a loan, which brought to new lawsuits wherein the plaintiffs applied for a court order either to expunge, or to restrict the dissemination of their respective criminal records by the law enforcement agencies. However, the case law hints that such data was also disposed by banks and various governmental institutions. Similar actions were also lodged to the European Court of Human Rights since 1990s which brought the issue at an international level. Bearing in mind a series of various “right to privacy” interpretations, especially a “right to be forgotten”, the author suggests relating the aforesaid actions to the said category. This paper is stringently devoted to the “criminal record expungement” aspect of this right. The paper is subdivided into two parts. The first part deals with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on the subject. Quite a few decisions have been delivered by the said Court. The majority of the described judgments were delivered after the actions had been commenced against the government of France for introducing the plaintiffs into digital offender databases with an extremely vague legal possibility of criminal data expungement, and only in one of the trials the plaintiff succeeded. The second part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of US case law on the subject. The author discusses several notable judgements delivered by courts of state and federal jurisdictions as well as conducts a generalization of a) conjectural negative consequences to plaintiff in case his data is maintained indefinitely; b) groups of judgments where the courts adher either to order to expunge criminal records, to return the folder with them to plaintiff, or to restrict their dissemination, or not to expunge them at all.
Dossier sur le compostage des boues d’épuration urbaines - Version 2020
Authors: GT Boues
Published: March 2020

La réglementation concernant le retour au sol des boues (seules ou en compost) a été débattue lors du projet de loi relatif à la lutte contre le gaspillage et à l’économie circulaire en fin d’année 2019. La loi 1 a été publié au Journal officiel le 11 février 2020, elle contient un article (Art. 86) dédié aux boues de station d’épuration. Cet article impose une révision des référentiels applicables aux boues d'épuration en vue de leur usage au sol, avant le 1er juillet 2021. De plus, les conditions dans lesquelles les boues peuvent être compostés seront déterminées par voie réglementaire. Dans ce contexte d’évolution réglementaire, l’Association scientifique et technique pour l’eau et pour l’environnement (Astee) a souhaité contribuer aux débats en cours. Ce travail n’a pas vocation à être exhaustif, mais il rassemble, sous forme de fiches, une synthèse d’éléments déterminants à la compréhension de ces filières.
Évolutions des techniques alternatives de gestion des eaux pluviales : l’exemple de trois projets à Villeneuve-la-Garenne
Authors: JOUIN C. , MLOCEK Z.
Published: March 2020

La gestion des eaux pluviales est l’un des enjeux majeurs de l’aménagement urbain moderne. Son intégration au sein des projets urbains doit prendre en compte et respecter l’environnement tout en protégeant les biens et les personnes des dommages pouvant être causés par les inondations. Les techniques dites « alternatives » permettent de résoudre cette problématique, tout en répondant à des enjeux sociaux (en créant davantage d’espaces publics, en améliorant le cadre de vie, en recréant du lien avec la nature), économiques (en augmentant la valeur foncière du site, en réduisant les coûts de travaux et d’entretien) et environnementaux (en créant des corridors écologiques, en favorisant la biodiversité et en luttant contre les îlots de chaleur). Dès les premiers stades de la conception, de nombreuses possibilités existent pour intégrer la gestion de l’eau dans les projets urbains. Le but de cet article est de présenter un retour d’expérience à travers trois projets menés successivement sur un même territoire, la commune de Villeneuve-la-Garenne. Ces projets, qui ont en commun les contraintes propres à leur territoire et une gestion alternative des eaux pluviales, permettent d’illustrer les évolutions constatées dans la conception des ouvrages et dans la perception des techniques alternatives par les acteurs associés aux projets. Encouragées par les publications, les retours d’expériences positifs et l’évolution de la réglementation, les techniques alternatives rencontrent une adhésion de plus en plus forte. Il subsiste toutefois des a priori négatifs sur leur efficacité, leur coût et leur entretien. Du côté du concepteur, il ne s’agit plus seulement de gérer la pluie de référence, mais de concevoir un système de gestion de la pluie intégré aux espaces publics et au bâti, de gérer les petites pluies au maximum sur le site et de promouvoir la plurifonctionnalité des ouvrages.
Clinical and pathogenetic features and correction of hyperkinetic disorders in vegetative dysfunctions
Authors: Kolesnik Olena
Published: March 2020

One of the early syndromes in vascular pathology is motor disorders in the form of tremor. We examined 101 patients with cerebral dystonia on the background of chronic cerebral ischemia with compensated and subcompensated stages (n = 55) and autonomic dystonia syndrome (n = 46). Pathological mechanisms of formation of trembling hyperkinesis in cerebral angiodystonia of different etiology have been studied. Participation in these processes of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is established.
It is proved that the severity of this type of motor disorders depends on the condition of the ANS at different levels of its organization, especially on the background of sympathicotonic effects, as well as the vegetative characteristics of the patient. At the
same time, signifi cant changes in electrophysiological parameters, as well
as data of vegetative, emotional, psychometric testing, were obtained.
For an objective evaluation of the severity of the tremor, a tremograph
with the calculation of an integrative tremographic index was used.
Developed a complex of cerebral angiodystonia with hyperkinetic syndrome and the use of antioxidants, nootropic drugs, which allowed to reduce or eliminate subjective experiences, to increase the adaptation capacity of the organism with the normalization
of sympatho-parasympathetic relationships, to the normalization of the organism. also inhibition of the implementation of trembling hyperkinesis in both research groups. The average values of the tremographic index decreased towards an adequate distribution with sympathicolytic influence on the indices of vegetative testing and caused skin
sympathetic potentials. At the same time, a greater effect was achieved when using the proposed method of treatment, with the maximum — in the syndrome of autonomic dystonia, as well as in the compensated stage of chronic brain ischemia.
Keywords: cerebral angioedema, cerebral ischemia, autonomic disorders, tremor, treatment
Nakreu: Evaluations of Cruise Passengers' Attitudes Towards Sustainability in Cruise Contexts
Authors: Peters Julia Eva
Published: March 2020

In the pursuit of sustainability in tourism, a rethink is necessary. The individual decision-making process merits more attention, because it is decisive for sustainable behavior both in a regulated environment as in noncodified contexts. This is particularly true in those areas that
are experiencing high growth rates and are thus developing rapidly—partly controlled, partly uncontrolled—as can currently be observed in the cruise segment. Attitudes are to be understood as the basis for decisions. Once one has gained an understanding of these, one knows starting
points for tapping sustainability potentials. Because little attention has been paid to this connection so far, this research note is primarily intended to present the theoretical background considerations of the "NaKreu" study, which was carried out in cooperation with TUI Cruises in 2019
in order to explore the attitudes of cruise passengers towards sustainability. In this, sustainability potentials in the segment are attributed to an interest in change, an ability to change, and structural factors. Additionally, sustainability is discussed as a quality facet of cruises. The
present contribution introduces the methodical procedure of the project and gives an insight into its first results: By applying a mixed-methods approach, it can be shown that the attitudes of cruise passengers are generally neutral positive, but at the same time are permeated by strong skepticism.
It is concluded that customers face the dilemma of a double claim. The results are to be interpreted as representative for the concrete project context; a transfer from the German-centered perspective of the project is still pending.
Sexual Harassment During Tourism and Cruise Internships: Exploring Situational Factors, Causes, and Their Implications
Authors: Winter Sharlene , Papathanassis Alexis
Published: March 2020

The goal of this study is to determine the factors influencing students' perception of sexual harassment during their tourism and/or cruise internship. Particular focus was placed on the role of organizational culture and work environment, as well on the effectiveness of anti-harassment
company policies. For this purpose, a self-administered survey was distributed online, yielding 135 completed questionnaires. The analysis results underlined aspects of organizational culture/work environment as a reliable predictor of sexual harassment occurrences. More specifically, the
degree of direct customer contact and the fluidity between private and public space, both foster sexual harassment occurrences. In this context, the particularities of the work environment and conditions on board cruise ships would be expected to result to relatively higher frequencies of
sexual harassment incidents. Indeed, compared to the rest of the sample, the cruise interns reported higher frequencies of sexual harassment and were also less likely to receive support from their employers. Despite the small sample size, the study produced statistically significant results
for tourism internships in general. Yet, the small proportion of cruise interns in the sample only allowed a nonrepresentative comparison (i.e., descriptive comparison of sample means). Nonetheless, our preliminary findings encourage a more in-depth investigation in the cruise domain, underlining
the relevance of this research note.
A Tutorial on the Basic Special Functions of Fractional Calculus
Authors: Mainardi Francesco
Published: March 2020

In this tutorial survey we recall the basic properties of the special function of the Mittag-Leffler and Wright type that are known to be relevant in processes dealt with the fractional calculus. We outline the major applications of these functions. For the Mittag-Leffler functions we analyze the Abel integral equation of the second kind and the fractional relaxation and oscillation phenomena. For the Wright functions we distinguish them in two kinds. We mainly stress the relevance of the Wright functions of the second kind in probability theory with particular regard to the so-called M-Wright functions that generalizes the Gaussian and is related with the time-fractional diffusion equation.
Editorial
Authors: Fernández Jaimes Carol , González Jiménez Angélica María
Published: March 2020

El conflicto es una condición inherente al suceder social e individual, se podría decir incluso, que la psicología toma un estatuto importante en la contemporaneidad, en tanto se ha preocupado, entre otras, por investigar e intervenir en los conflictos que derivan de las relaciones sociales y del mismo del sujeto que exige, que cede, que propone, que anhela e idealiza circunstancias para sí mismo, y que no obstante, en su genuino y necesario intento descubre prontamente que el darse un lugar que lo aproxime a ese deseable de estar bien o bien estar se enfrenta a distintos tropiezos y a sus propias limitaciones y las que le impone el medio. Esas situaciones emergentes que conflictúan obligan a pensar e intentar plantear una respuesta sobre ¿Qué hacer?
El Derecho a la reparación de miembros de la Fuerza Pública como víctimas del Conflicto Armado Interno colombiano: La necesidad de un derecho victimal incluyente.
Authors: Camelo Tequia Martha Liliana
Published: March 2020

La Corte Constitucional en Sentencia C-161 de 2016 determinó que es constitucionalmente aceptable el tratamiento diferenciado sobre el derecho a la reparación a los miembros de la fuerza pública como víctimas del conflicto armado. Con este fallo, se consolida es la dimensión victimo- dogmática penal que impera en todas las instituciones jurídicas sobre los miembros de la fuerza pública, tanto en el Derecho Internacional como en la legislación interna (Ley 1448 de 2011) al afirmar que no son susceptibles del mismo tratamiento de reparación por ser considerados actores bélicos, y que son solo aceptables las reparaciones emanadas por violación al Derecho Internacional Humanitario en el marco de su tratamiento especial. En efecto, se hace necesario estudiar el concepto genérico de victima desde el enfoque del Derecho Victima, como proponente necesario para humanizar el ejercicio legítimo de aquellos que protegen las instituciones democráticas y conservan el monopolio de las armas, por medio de un marco legal de carácter especial para la reparación integral de todos los miembros de la fuerza pública equivalente a las víctimas civiles.
Effect of emphasis spread on coronal stop articulation in Qatari Arabic
Authors: Kulikov Vladimir , Mohsenzadeh Fatemeh , Syam Rawand
Published: March 2020

Emphasis (contrastive uvularisation) in Arabic spreads from an emphatic consonant to neighboring segments (Davis 1995). The effect of emphasis spread on a consonant is manifested as lowering of its spectral mean (Jongman et al. 2011). Although stop consonants reveal a strong effect of emphasis, it is not known how emphasis spread affects other acoustic properties of stops, e.g. voice onset time (VOT). Previous studies (Kulikov 2018) showed that VOT and emphasis are linked in speech production: plain /t/ in Gulf Arabic is aspirated; emphatic /ṭ/ has short-lag VOT. Phonological theory predicts that plain /t/ should become more emphatic in emphatic context, which might reduce stop VOT as well. The current study investigates the effect of emphasis spread on VOT in word-initial coronal stops in Qatari Arabic. The stimuli, produced by sixteen native speakers of Qatari Arabic, contained target plain and emphatic stops /t/, /ṭ/ followed by short or long low vowel, and plain coronal obstruents /t, s, ð/ or their emphatic counterparts /ṭ, ṣ, ð̣/. The acoustic analysis included measurements of VOT and spectral mean of burst in the stop, and F1, F2, F3 frequencies at the vowel beginning, middle and end. The results showed that final emphatic obstruent triggered emphasis spread across the syllable. The effect of emphasis on the vowel was stronger next to the emphatic obstruent (p < .01). Spectral mean of burst in plain /t/ was lower in the emphatic context (D = 276 Hz, p = .05). VOT, however, was not affected by emphasis spread. Plain /t/ had long-lag VOT averaging 52 ms; emphatic /ṭ/ had short-lag VOT averaging 17 ms. These values were not different in emphatic context (p = .743). The findings demonstrate that emphasis spread within a syllable affects only spectral characteristics of a coronal stop. Emphaticness of plain /t/ did not affect its VOT and did not result in complete transformation of the stop category
The effects of focus on scope relations between quantifiers and negation in Korean
Authors: Park Keunhyung , Dubinsky Stanley
Published: March 2020

This paper addresses the effects of focus-marking (i.e. nun-marking) on the scope of quantified expressions in Korean negation constructions and shows how these inform the analysis of Korean negation constructions generally. Specifically, highlighting the “Rigid Scope” properties of Korean (in contrast with English), focus-marking in Korean negation constructions eliminates quantifier/negative scope ambiguities. In all cases but one, a focus-marked element has scope over all others. The anomalous case involving contrastive focus of object universal quantifiers brings the semantics of quantifiers into opposition with the semantics of contrastive focus.
Semantic and syntactic demarcations of Classical Greek object cases: An object(ive) study
Authors: Murphy AJ , Dubinsky Stanley , Beck Mark
Published: March 2020

In Classical Greek, many verbs take direct objects marked with genitive (GEN) or dative (DAT), rather than accusative (ACC) case. Traditional grammars (Smyth 1956, Boas et al. 2019) fail to offer principled descriptions or accounts of the distribution of ACC, GEN, DAT object case for transitive verbs. This paper analyzes a corpus involving case-assigning transitive verbs, and examines Luraghi’s 2010 Transitivity Hierarchy in this context. We find that, while her ranking of verbs’ transitivity is correct, the features used to determine the hierarchy are not. Our study demonstrates a highly significant correlation between a verb’s level of transitivity (as indicated by the case marking on its object) and the Proto-role Properties of Change of State and subject Volitionality (Dowty 1991).
Covert movement in English probing wh-questions
Authors: Nguyen An Duy , Legendre Géraldine
Published: March 2020

Besides fronted information-seeking questions, English also allows for two types of wh-in-situ ones: echo questions, which are used to request a repetition or a clarification of a previous utterance, and probing questions, which are often used in quiz shows, classroom settings, and child-directed speech to “prompt” the addressee for an answer. An acceptability judgment task shows that PQs with multiple wh-phrases get a significantly lower acceptability score than echo questions with multiple wh-phrases despite their similarity in surface structure, which suggests a syntactic difference below the surface. Independent syntactic evidence confirms the result and further suggests that while echo questions involve no syntactic movement (Dayal, 1996), probing questions involve covert wh-movement.
Clause-final negation and the Jespersen cycle in Logoori
Authors: Pak Marjorie
Published: March 2020

This paper looks at Jespersen-cycle effects in Logoori (Bantu, western Kenya), where a clause-final adverb daave (neg2) reinforces or replaces the older negative prefixes si- and ta- (neg1). In main-clause indicatives, neg1 is nearly obsolete ((?si)-a-sooma daave ‘s/he’s not reading’), while in subjunctives neg1 remains obligatory (u-*(ta)-sooma daave ‘don’t read’). Recognizing that this pattern cannot be fully attributed to the phonological weakness of neg1 (cf. Jespersen 1917:4ff), I provide a supplementary grammar-competition analysis, in which the availability of a high-attaching, semantically negative daave in main clauses leads to the rapid erosion of neg1 si-.
Worse for the wear: Effects of raciolinguistic ideologies, gender ideologies, and clothing on ESL pronunciation perception
Authors: Hughes Ruthanne
Published: March 2020

Accents are products of perception as well as production; it is crucial that accentedness research address teacher discrimination rather than focusing on so-called student "deficiencies." Raciolinguistic ideologies and gender ideologies are factors that can affect teacher perception, interacting together in nuanced, non-additive ways. This case study employing matched-guise methodology investigates a White ESL teacher's differential ratings of pronunciation based on students' race, gender, and cultural clothing. Results show that clothing helps index figures of personhood that are more than the sum of race and gender ideologies and emphasize that even progressive and linguistically-trained teachers may still engage in biased rating practices.
A within-subjects comparison of the acquisition of quantity-related inferences
Authors: Parrish Alicia , Cournane Ailís
Published: March 2020

This study directly compares quantity inferences from scalar implicatures (‘Some of the ducks are black’) and uniqueness presuppositions in deﬁnites (‘the duck is black’) to exhaustivity inferences in English it-clefts (‘It’s the duck that’s black’) for which the theoretical literature disagrees on the source of inference – pragmatic (like scalar implicatures), or semantic (like presuppositions). We investigate whether within-subjects correlations in acquisition can inform us about the source of exhaustivity inferences. Assuming comprehension is achieved once the necessary basis for meaning is acquired, it-clefts should pattern with presupposition judgments if computing a presupposition is involved and should pattern with scalar implicature judgments if computing an implicature is involved. We conduct three experiments to test how closely it-cleft judgments pattern with other quantityrelated inferences, keeping materials maximally similar. The ﬁrst two experiments test adult participants using a Truth Value Judgment Task and then a 3-point Rating Task; we ﬁnd that adults’ response patterns to under-informative uses of these constructions differ both across individuals and across inference types, with the Rating Task giving more informative results. In the third experiment, we use the 3-point Rating Task with 4-, 5-, and 6- year olds to characterize response patterns across the three inference types for each individual subject. We ﬁnd that the individual response patterns children exhibit are consistent with the theory that it-cleft exhaustivity shares an underlying cognitive source with the computation of presupposition inferences, but not with scalar implicature inferences.
The superiority effect in Albanian multiple wh-movement structures
Authors: Chen Run
Published: March 2020

This study examines the order of wh-phrases in Albanian multiple wh-questions. Despite SVO and OVS orders, I argue that Albanian wh-movement displays the superiority effect, through a mechanism generating a rightmost highest specifier. OVS order constructions are subject to the haplology effect and word order freezing, showing the presence of a multiple wh-fronting step in the derivation. The study highlights a general observation concerning opacity and the cross-linguistic wh-question environment. Linear order does not reveal hierarchical structure, as a typically leftmost wh-phrase is pronounced rightmost. This rightward wh-movement analysis may explain future findings of languages claimed to not display the superiority effect.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN GURU DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Harahap Angga Winata , D Hamidah
Published: March 2020

Optimilisasi peran guru sangat penting dalam menunjang proses pembelajaran di sekolah, guru profesional sangat dibutuhkan dalam mendorong kemajuan pendidikan di indonesia untukmenciptakan generasi-generasi penerus bangsa, melalui proses pembelajaran disekolah akan terciptamanusia-manusia dengan pola pikir yang baik.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA REGULASI DIRI DENGAN KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI UJIAN PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMK ESA PRAKARSA TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Hayati Ayu
Published: March 2020

AbstrakKecemasan merupakan sebuah permasalahan yang sering dialami oleh peserta didik di sekolah. Banyak siswa yang mengalami persoalan akademik salah satunya kecemasan saat  akan menghadapi ujian. Siswa mengaku mengalami gangguan kecemasan secara psikis misalnya saat mengikuti kegiatan do’a bersama ( istigosah ), mereka merasakan ketakutan dan kekhawatiran akan gagal ketika mengikuti ujian. Kemudian siswa juga mengaku mengalami gangguan secara fisik seperti detak jantung menungkat, sebagian tubuh gemetar dan sebagian tubuh berkeringat dingin ketika mengikuti kegiatan Try Out soal-soal ujian  karena mereka seolah-olah sedang mengikuti Ujian Nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara regulasi diri dengan kecemasan menghadapi ujian pada siswa kelas XI SMK ESA PRAKARSA Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 175 orang. Sampel diambil sebanyak 20 % dari jumlah populasi, yaitu sebanyak 35 orang. Data diambil melalui pengadministrasian skala tentang regulasi diri sebanyak 31 item, dan skala tentang kecemasan menghadapi ujian sebanyak 25 item. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil nilai Pearson’s r adalah -0,209 dan nilai signifikansi ( 2-tailed ) adalah 0,229. Karena sig. > 0,05 maka dalam hal ini berarti hipotesis penelitian ditolak atau tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara regulasi diri dengan kecemasan menghadapi ujian pada siswa kelas XI SMK ESA PRAKARSA Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Bagi peneliti lain yang tertarik melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang Regulasi Diri dan Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian , maka disarankan untuk menyertakan variabel-variabel lain, misalnya seperti : pengetahuan diri, perilaku serta kondisi lingkungan.
PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TSTS (TWO STAY TWO STRAY) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA STATISTIKA
Authors: Irwan Irwan
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TSTS (Two Stay Two Stray) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dalam menyelesaikan materi statistika.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX MTs.Negeri Stabat, sedangkan yang menjadi sampel terdiri dari 2 kelas,yaitu kelas berjumlah 40 orang yang menggunakan pembelajaran TSTS dan kelas  berjumlah 40 orang yang menggunakan pembelajaran tanpa TSTS.            Instrumen dalam penelitian in berjumlah 10 soal dan digunakan tes untuk menguji kelayakan soal.Sebelum pengujian hipotesis,terlebih dahulu diuji dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Dari pengujian diperoleh bahwa sampel berasal dari populasi yang memiliki varians yang homogen dan berdistribusi normal. Dari analisis data pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05 diperoleh  thitung  = 4,38 sedangkan ttabel  = 1,67 ternyata thitung  >  ttabel  maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.Dengan demikian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada pengaruh pembelajaran tipe TSTS (Two Stay Two Stray) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika.Kata Kunci: TSTS, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah
POLA KOMUNIKASI KESANTUNAN DAN KETAKSANTUNAN BERBAHASA ANTARA DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA (STUDI KASUS SOSIOPRAGMATIK) DI STKIP BUDIDAYA BINJAI
Authors: Hastuti Sri Kurnia
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan pola komunikasi kesantunan dan ketaksantunan berbahasa antara mahasiswa dan dosen di STKIP Budidaya Binjai. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa satuan lingual tindak tutur direktif, baik dalam suasana formal ataupunnon formal di dalam kampus STKIP Budidaya Binjai. Adapun sumber data meliputi aktivitas mahasiswa dan dosen. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi langsung, lembar wawancara, dan angket. Analisis data menggunakan metode triangulasi. Faktor konteks juga menyebabkan kesantuan berbahasa perlu diterapkan.Suasana formal atau resmi sangat menekankan kesantuan berbahasa bagi pemakainya. Dengan kata lain, bahasa tidak saja dipandang sebagai gejala individual, tetapi juga merupakan gejala sosial, termasuk fenomena kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia di lingkungan mahasiswa STKIP Budidaya Binjai. Kecenderungan dosen melakukan tindak tutur direktif bertanya berkaitan dengan kesopanan dan ketaksopanan berbahasa yang diutarakan mahasiswa dalam setiap jawaban yang diutarakan mahasiswa pada konteks situasi tutur yang berkaitan dengan perkuliahan, pengajuan judul skripsi, dan hal akademik lainnya. Dosen mengajukan pertanyaan dan respon tindak tutur balasan mahasiswacenderung ke arah yang memilikikesopanan daripada ketidaksopanan. Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan tindak tutur direktif kesopanan berbahasa dengan menghargai dan suasana yang tenang dan santai. Ada beberapa tuturan yang disampaikan berkaitan dengan ketidaksopanan tetapi hanya sebagian kecil. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan triangulasi menghasilkan tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan dalam berkomunikasi lebih banyak menggunakan kesopanan berbahasa daripada ketaksopanan berbahasa.
PENGARUH LAYANAN KONSELING INDIVIDUAL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP DIRI SISWA KELAS X SMA MELATI BINJAI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: MA Hadi Widodo
Published: March 2020

Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah layanan Konseling Individual dan Perkembangan Konsep Diri siswa di kelas X SMA Melati Binjai Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.Populasi berjumlah dua  ratus Sembilan puluh dua orang siswa, terdiri 42 orang siswa. Sampel sejumlah dengan jumlah populasi.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen.Hasil perhitungan rasio t selanjutnya dikonfirmasi dengan nilai tkritis pada taraf signifikan 5% kebebasan (dk) ( ne+  nk - 2maka ttabel = t ( ( 1-1/2 α) (dk),(ttabel lihat lampiran) Kriteria pengujian terima H ajika t hitung>ttabel. Nilai t dengan taraf signifikan 5% atau 0,05. Berdasarkan pada tabel t, nilai ttabel = 1,312. Jika thitung telah diketahui sebesar 5,022, maka pengujian kriteria hipotesis diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa “Konseling individu Sangat Berpengaruh Dalam Perkembangan  Konsep diri Siswa Kelas X SMA Melati Binjai 2018/2019.”
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PARAGRAF DESKRIPSI MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK OBJEK LANGSUNG OLEH SISWA KELAS VII MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH NURUL FURQOON BINJAI KECAMATAN BINJAI BARAT TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: M.Hum Juwita Erdaini
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui “kemampuan menulis paragraf deskripsi menggunakan teknik objek langsung oleh siswa kelas VII  Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Furqoon Binjai Kecamatan Binjai Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019”. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Kemampuan siswa dalam menentukan jenis isi presentase nilai 37,5% organisasi karagan 21,04% penggunaan bahasa 16,45% kosakata 12,5% EYD 12,5%. Dengan demikian tingkat penguasaan siswa dalam menulis paragraf deskripsi menggunkan teknik objek langsung memilik presentase sebesar 99.99%.
PERBEDAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPETHINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) DAN JIGSAW TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: - Sri Zulhayana
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dan Jigsaw terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa di kelas VIII SMP Swasta Melati. Pada penelitian ini, desain yang digunakan adalah non equivalent group pre-test post-test design. Sebelum pengujian hipotesis terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji persyaratan analisis data yakni uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas.Normalitas diuji dengan menggunakan uji Liliefors dan homogenitas dengan menggunakan uji F. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa kedua sampel berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji-t dan diperoleh  ditolak. Dari pengujian hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) dan Jigsaw terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada pokok bahasan Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel di kelas VIII SMP Swasta Melati Kec. Hamparan Perak Kab.Deli Serdang tahun ajaran 2018/2019.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TEKNIK THINK-PAIR-SHARE SISWA KELAS X SMA SWASTA PAB 5 KLUMPANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: M.Pd Mardiana Nasution
Published: March 2020

Abstract : This research deals to enhance the problem solving ability with the cooperative learning techniques Think-Pair-Share (TPS) on the tenth grade student of SMA Swasta PAB 5 Klumpang in the academic year 2016/2017. This research was a classroom action research (car), the subject of this research were student in X-2 that contained forty student. The implementation of action performed during two cycles, with each cycle conducted in two meetings. In each cycle performed four stages, that was plan, act, observe and reflect. The instrument of this research was the test and observation sheet. In the first cycle abtained average value of the students were 55,5, there were still many students who have not completed in the first cycle, while the average value of student in the second cycle was 75,425 with increased the test result and can achieve the mastery learning students. The result showed that using cooperative learning techniques Think-Pair-Share can improve students’ mathematical problem solving ability of SMA Swasta PAB 5 Klumpang in the academic year 2016/2017 on the material Linear Equations of Two Variables. Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah  dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik Think-Pair-Share (TPS) siswa kelas X SMA Swasta PAB 5 Klumpang tahun pelajaran 2016/2017.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), subjek dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas X-2 SMA Swasta PAB 5 Klumpang tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 sebanyak 40 siswa. Pelaksanaan tindakan dilakukan selama 2 siklus, dimana setiap siklus dilakukan 2 kali pertemuan. Dalam setiap siklus dilakukan 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan (plan), pelaksanaan tindakan (act), observasi (observe), dan refleksi (reflect). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dan lembar observasi. Pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata siswa 55,5 masih banyak siswa yang belum tuntas pada siklus I, sedangkan nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus II adalah 75,425 dengan hasil tes yang meningkat dan dapat mencapai ketuntasan belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik think-pair-share dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMA Swasta PAB 5 Klumpang  tahun pelajaran 2016/017 pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV).
Desmitificando el "efecto Rashomon” a través de La Narrativa Latinoamericana de Guillermo Arriaga.
Authors: Luna Pérez Kevin Andrés
Published: March 2020

Con este texto no se ha pretendido menospreciar o minusvalorar la magni cencia de Akira Kurosawa, que es indiscutiblemente uno de los grandes de la historia del cine. Sin embargo, es preciso establecer los antecedentes y correlaciones que existen en una poética determinada, para evitar confundir vanguardia con cosmovisión, y de este modo cambiar el paradigma; comprender que las cosmovisiones e idiosincrasias pueden generar poéticas esporádicas e independientes, sin ninguna clase de correlación directa con la historia contada desde Occidente o desde los premios y los festivales.