bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation Of Wastewater Containing Amoxicillin Antibiotic Using Green Technology “Ozonation”
Authors: Wulansarie Ria , Bismo Setijo , Azis Ismail Abdul , Rahmadhani Devinda
Published: December 2020

In this research, wastewater containing amoxicillin antibiotic was treated using green technology “ozonation”. The research was carried out with allowance for time variation (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes), pH of wastewater (acidic, neutral, and alkaline), and ozone generator voltage (75, 150, and 225 Volt). The amoxicillin wastewater in this research was artificial. The concentration of amoxicillin was 50 ppm. Based on experimental result, the best condition of wastewater (containing amoxicillin antibiotic) ozonation was alkaline conditions with pH ≈ 10. The best percent degradation of amoxicillin antibiotic was 86.78 % with a final concentration of 6.61 ppm. The ozone generator voltage variations affect the amoxicillin removal in wastewater. The higher of ozone generator voltage, the percentage of amoxicillin removal was also increase.
The Genesis of Gemstone based on Pillow Lava Primary Structure: A Case Study from Kumbang Formation, Limbasari
Authors: Sunan Huzaely Latief , Siswandi  , Gibran Akhmad Khahlil , Aditama Maulana Rizki , Saragih Rahmat Yantono , Purnomo Widhiatmoko Herry , Tri Laksono FX Anjar
Published: December 2020

Gemstone/Jasper is an ornamental rock included in the quartz (SiO2) microcrystalline chalcedony variety. Jasper is translucent, has a microcrystal structure, and consists of several mixes of other minerals resulting in appealing color and patterns. In general, Jasper forms as a result of hydrothermal activity controlled by geological structure (secondary structure). On the other hand, Jasper is formed in Limbasari, controlled by a primary structure on pillow lava. The methods used are field data collection, petrography, and XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence). From the data collected in the field and results from petrography analysis and genesis geochemistry. We can infer that the Jasper found in the research site can be called Peperite. The jasper there is a result of unconsolidated tuff deposits still in the form of wet deposits rolled up by the movement of pillow lava and sealed in the gaps of the pillow lava primary structure, starting a partial melting process, and then cooled swiftly, resulting in glassy texture.
Work Mental Load Analysis on Car Repair Mechanics in Yogyakarta
Authors: Prabaswari Atyanti Dyah , Utomo Bagus Wahyu
Published: December 2020

Mechanics must work with precision, excellent and consistent speed, and other work that drains both the mechanic’s physical and mental energy. Official motorbike mechanics experience complaints of work stress due to high work demands. Regarding the measurement of mental workload, a subjective workload is easily given and has a high assessment ability because the measurement is not dependent on the task. The NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) scale is the most widely used subjective scale by asking participants to rank separately on the subscale of mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration level. This will be useful to be able to distinguish between tasks in terms of the specific subscale. Mental demand has the highest result (305) because the car workshop is demanded to find the cause of damage to the car, then remember the car components when dismantled and re-installed. Based on statistical analysis, between mental demand and working hours indicates a positive relationship. Heavy mental activities can be reduced by training workshop workers relating to administration, expertise in each type of car, and comfortable and safe work areas.
Work Hazard Risk Analysis and Control in Grey Finishing Department Using HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control)
Authors: Prabaswari Atyanti Dyah , Susanti Dyah Ari , Utomo Bagus Wahyu , Shintira Bebie Rizka
Published: December 2020

PT. Primissima (persero) engaged in textile manufacturing. PT. Primissima (persero) processes raw materials cone thread become a grey or calico cloth through weaving process. As a manufacturing industry, workers at PT. Primissima (persero) are integrated with the plant facilities such as the production floor, machines, equipment, and warehouse. It potentially carry hazard risk in the form of work accident and occupational illness. Grey finishing department at PT. Primissima (persero) has a role to ensure product that produced has good quality through inspection and folding activities. Based on observation, there are several potential significant hazard such as air pollution, scrap exposure, and also physiological hazards such as aches to environmental hazards, electrical hazards and fire hazards. So, is necessary to apply a control through hierarchy of control. The results of this research contribute to solve the problem of the and give solutions of the company regarding risk controls.
City-TSP with Objective Minimizing Distance and Noise
Authors: Aurachman Rio
Published: December 2020

Urbanization has encouraged people to have a home in the city. The process of transportation and logistics is also forced to pass through the city area. There is a need to formulate solutions to transportation, supply chain, and logistics problems for cities. One of the commonly used transportation models is the TSP, the Traveling Salesman Problem. Through this paper, we propose a City-TSP, which is a TSP that considers objectives, parameters, and constraints in urban areas. One of the parameters considered is the noise generated from a truck trip. This paper presents the City-TSP model that simultaneously minimizes distance and noise.
Maritime Inventory Routing Problem: Application on Discharge the Load of the Ship in Cement Companies to Minimize the Total Transportation Cost
Authors: Yusuf Febryan Khoirun , Ridwan Ari Yanuar , Pambudi Hardian Kokoh
Published: December 2020

Distribution activities are an important part and very considered in the world of logistics because distribution is one of the key drivers of profits earned by companies. One that is related to distribution is transportation. Transportation refers to moving products from one location to another where the product moves from the beginning of the supply chain to consumers where this transportation will incur costs and is one of the costs that affect the price of a product. This research aims to schedule ship transportation from 3 production ports to 6 consumption ports with a heterogeneous fleet of ships to minimize the total transportation costs in the cement industry companies. Maritime Inventory Routing Problem (MIRP) is a problem of ship scheduling which is not only related to the distribution of products from production ports to consumption ports, it also manages the inventory at these ports and is usually used for bulk industrial products. The method used in this research is MIRP with Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach where this method can minimize the total transportation costs. The results show that the method used can reduce the total waiting time so that the total transportation costs are also reduced.
Experimental investigation on compression and bending properties of epoxy composites reinforced with Al2O3, kenaf/hemp fibers for orthopaedic implants
Authors: Virupaksha Gouda H , Channabasavaraj S , Gouda A Thimmana , Mahendra K C
Published: December 2020

Composites in medical sectors are effective and productive phenomena in fulfilling various necessary demands. Through proven results as a base, this technique can be used for further research to enhance the existing parameters. In this connection, present research extensively focuses upon studying the mechanical properties (Compression and Bending) and characterization of fibre reinforced composite materials along with Al2O3 as filler materials. Present study involves the investigation of mechanical properties like compression and bending for NFRPC (Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite) as bio material, Epoxy resin-LY556 as matrix material, using suitable hardener and natural fibers (Kenaf/Hemp) as reinforcement materials considering Al2O3 as filler material with appropriate percentage to enhance strength and hardness of the composites. Prepared specimens were subjected to (Compression/D-3410 and Bending/D-790) examinations. Later they were compared with the femur bone properties. It was noticed that NFRPC properties will match the femur Bone Strengths and results shows 12, 18 & 24% of NFRPC material are appropriate for orthopaedic implants. From the investigated results finally, it concludes that the mechanical properties like compression and bending will be increased with increasing proportion of fiber in composites.
A review on additive manufacturing of AA2024 and AA6061 alloys using powder bed fusion
Authors: Senthamarai Kannan C , Sai Sree Chandra S , Punith Krishnan G , Pravin Raj S
Published: December 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a production facility for tailoring intricately shaped components. Unlike traditional machinery, ease of manufacturability along with intrinsic material saving nature makes AM gain eminence. This paper solely focuses on the capability of aluminium alloys, especially AA2024 and AA6061, being additively fabricated using the widely preferred AM technique of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF). The mechanism of PBF is elucidated by availing the experimental response mirrored in these alloy systems from erudite literary works. Additionally, a comparative review on yield strength, ultimate strength, elongation and hardness property values between wrought condition and PBF fused samples of these alloys has also been discussed. To the end, challenges involved in PBF built components were also addressed by the subsequent emphasis laid over improvement strategies.
Experimental investigations on the performance of nanoboric acid suspensions in coconut oil during milling operation on Al 6061-T6 alloy
Authors: Siddiqui T U , Singh M K
Published: December 2020

The manufacturing industry nowadays is facing various environmental regulations and is in the process of development of new techniques to minimize use of chemical-based lubricants during machining processes. The heat generated in the cutting zone during machining play critical role in determining the workpiece quality and tool life etc. These cutting fluids are widely employed to dissipate the heat generated during machining; but they also put severe ill effects on the environment and health of workers. Hence, it is important to explore environment friendly alternatives of the chemical based cutting fluids. Coconut oil has been used in machining industries as such cutting fluid because of its higher thermal and oxidative stability. The present work investigates the use of Nanoboric acid suspensions in Coconut oil during milling operation on Al6061-T6 alloy. Variation of cutting tool temperatures and surface roughness under different cutting speeds and fluid flow rates are investigated. The cutting temperature increases with increase in cutting speed and decrease in fluid flow rate. Surface roughness decreases with increase in cutting speed and fluid flow rate, respectively. It was also found that minimum cutting temperature and surface roughness are obtained in case of 0.5% weight of Nanoboric acid suspension in Coconut oil.
Nano emulsified diesel - biodiesel blend selection through a MCDM technique
Authors: Swathi Aakula , Seela Chiranjeevarao
Published: December 2020

The populace growth and their expectations for everyday comforts have prompted impressive utilization of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel blends and its nano emulsions is a decent option for engine application. This paper depicts the use of crossover Multi Criteria Decision Making for the determination of best nano emulsion for engine. Here, two MCDM techniques TOPSIS and VIKOR used to get the best Nano biodiesel emulsion. Diesel, Jatropha biodiesel blend of B10, nano emulsions of B10 with 25, 50 and 100 ppm of Al2O3 are used. The Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Smoke, Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbon (HC), Specific Fuel Consumption(SFC), excess Oxygen(O2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are considered as the assessment criteria. It shows that Diesel is positioned first for 0%,25%,50% and 100% load and fourth for 75% burden using AHP-TOPSIS and Diesel is positioned first for 25% & 50%, second at 0% & 100% and third for 75% load using AHP-VIKOR. Consequently, it is consistent that blending B10+50PPM and B10+25PPM biodiesel is recommended as a decent swap for diesel.
Performance of crushed rock dust concrete exposed to sulphuric and hydrochloric acid solutions
Authors: Venkata Sairam Kumar N
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the effect of partial substitute of Ordinary Portland Cement 53 grade (OPC) by crushed rock dust (CRD) as filler material in concrete when exposed to 2% and 5% diluted hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H2SO4) acid solutions. OPC is partially replaced with CRD by: 0%-A40, 10%-A41, 20%-A42, 30%-A43 and 40%-A44 by weight. Visual assessment, mass loss and compressive strength are evaluated at the considered acid attack environment. The loss in compressive strength of CRD concrete has increased gradually with the increase in the CRD. It has been observed that the mass loss (%) and decrease in compressive strength of concrete cube specimens is found to be less in the case of HCl acid attack when compared with H2SO4 acid attack. The use of CRD in concrete as filler material showed comparable trend of decline in the compressive strength of concrete after exposed to both H2SO4 and HCl acid solutions.
Experimental investigations on Mechanical and Tribological behaviour of A356 with x wt% Boron Carbide and Fly Ash Hybrid Composites
Authors: Sathishkumar A , Soundararajan R , Ramesh A , Muthu Vel T J , Richie Ronaldo A , Sai Deepesh J
Published: December 2020

The current research work aims to analyse the behaviour of mechanical and tribological characteristics of stir cum squeeze cast A356 with Boron Carbide(B4C) and Fly ash (FA) Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites (MMHC’s) on hardness, wear rate and friction coefficient. Experiments were carried out through stir cum squeeze casting method by keeping the influenced process parameters constant and varying three different equal weight percentage (2.5, 5, 7.5wt%) of B4C and FA with A356 alloy. Each prepared composite samples were tested for hardness and also, wear and friction characteristics were accomplished in a pin on disc tribometer apparatus. The wear and friction characteristics were obtained by varying the load of 10,20,30,40N with a constant sliding distance of 2500m respectively on the tribometer. Experimental investigation results uncovered that the hardness of A356 with 7.5wt% B4C and 7.5wt% FA MMHC’s was increased with an increment in the weight percentage of B4C and FA. Also, there is an increase in the wear rate and a decrease in friction coefficient with a rise in the load from 10N to 40N. Overall, the wear rate of the MMHC sample was reduced with a higher wt% of B4C and FA. The study reveals that the prepared MMHC’s via stir cum squeeze casting was a suitable component for automobiles.
Recent Researches In Polylactic Acid Reinforced With Natural Fiber Composites– A Literature Review
Authors: Raju Arun , Shanmugaraja M
Published: December 2020

Growing interest in the development of natural fiber composites have been witnessed over a period of last decade which is attributed to low cost, availability, eco friendliness. The large scale production and use of natural fiber reinforced composites is limited due to degradation by micro organisms, water absorption, low strength. These issues are addressed by using various fiber modification techniques such as biological, physical or chemical modifications. This paper addresses the recent developments in surface modifications of the NFRP composites ( Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer). The various effects of such modifications have also been discussed.
Evaluating planner hoop steel plates as web reinforcement for deep reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Al-Gasham Thaar S , Mhalhal Jasim M , Abid Sallal R
Published: December 2020

An experimental attempt was conducted in this paper, aiming at enhancing the shear and flexural behaviors of deep beams, where steel plates were applied as web reinforcement. Three beams having the same details were prepared using normal concrete strength. Their dimensions were 1250 mm long, 300 mm deep, and 150 mm wide. The specimens were designed to fail in shear, and therefore, they were supplied with two bars with a 20 mm diameter in addition to the top and skin reinforcement. For web reinforcement, the steel plates were cut in dimensions of 4×20 mm and then were applied as closed rectangular stirrups with the longer side (20 mm) aligned in the plane of the beam section. The beams were inspected by applying four-point bending with three shear span to the effective depth ratios (a/d) of 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75. The experimental outcomes revealed that the shear strength, stiffness, and toughness of deep beams enhanced as the a/d ratio dropped.
Design, Analysis and Development of Epoxy Resin made Omnidirectional Wind Turbine
Authors: Ravinthiran A , Suresh M , Babu T , Mani R , Arul Prakash M
Published: December 2020

Wind as a wellspring of energy is being utilized for a significant stretch of time. It has increased more importance in the current time of energy emergency. The Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine and the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine is created and executed monetarily. Inorder to have joined combined advantage the Omnidirectional Wind Turbine is created in this work. In this, plan of the part assumes the crucial job. The plan was advanced to accomplish auxiliary quality in which the E - Glass Fiber is utilized to design the blades and thwarts without trading off the weight and quality. The investigation is finished utilizing the ANSYS Fluent to decide stream boundaries. Omnidirectional breeze exploits to other family unit power age strategies. So, Apartment tenants could reasonably produce power and freely utilize feed-in levies. The Omnidirectional Wind turbine is appropriate to metropolitan situations consequently augmenting the scope of reasonable areas for the outfitting of feasible energy. Further prototyping and test will be made so as to advance its presentation. Past this arrangement, the innovation can be utilized for creating on-framework and off-matrix options for the metropolitan market just as for RVs, vessels and other independent applications at various sizes.
Flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams containing treated attapulgite as lightweight aggregate
Authors: Mirza Z A , Khalid N N
Published: December 2020

The amount of the dead load caused by the weight of the structural concrete elements can be reduced when using lightweight aggregate in addition in saving in construction cost. Flexural behavior tests were conducted on five simply supported singly rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams of lightweight coarse aggregate concrete subjected to four points bending test up to failure. Lightweight coarse aggregate was produced from natural material locally available (Attapulgite) by burning it at 1100°C for 30 minutes and treating it with sodium hypochlorite of 6% concentration for 24 hour. The effect of silica fume replacement ratios (10 and 20%) by weight of cement and steel fiber content (0.5 and 1%) of volume fraction were investigated. The Attapulgite concrete mechanical properties were determined, as well as the flexural performance for the tested beams is evaluated in terms of cracking and ultimate load capacity, load-deflection relationships, failure mode and crack pattern. The test results show that treating the Attapulgite with sodium hypochlorite enhances the compressive strength of the concrete by about 18%. Adding silica fume and steel fiber contribute to enhance the mechanical properties of Attapulgite lightweight concrete. Significant warning of failure was observed for all beams, and 80 % of the total load capacity was achieved after the cracking load. The beam of 1% steel fiber fraction had the largest experimental ultimate load capacity in this study. All tested beams exhibited a typical tension failure.
Application of Spray Drying process to convert Beneficial Compounds extracted from Plants into free-flowing powder
Authors: Thampi Ankith Sanjay , Kumar Saurabh Ravi , Gowtham Sanjai S , Ramaswamy Parvati
Published: December 2020

The use of herbal tablets has been rapidly growing and significant research work is being carried out worldwide with the goal to reap the benefits of the many useful plants that are available with medicinal values. Many of these plants go largely underutilized either due to lack of information on not only just the medicinal properties but simple and effective extraction methodologies as well, without sacrificing the properties of the extracts. Once extracted, the concentrates also must be converted into a suitable form that can be loaded in a capsule etc., ready to be consumed. While there many process methodologies being used worldwide to extract the useful resources from the plant, focus also must be on the process methodology that is being practiced to convert the extract (liquid or semi solid) into a solid free flowing powder form. Thus, in an herbal tablet, there many factors concerned with the manufacturing. They are (i) Identifying the most suitable plant for a particular immunity boosting purpose (ii) extraction of the useful contents, mostly in a liquid or slurry form (iii) transform the extract into a user-friendly product such as powder and finally (iv) encapsulation of the powder for ease of human consumption. This paper brings in a review of the several useful plants available around us across the world. In addition, the paper also highlights the suitable experimental results of the usefulness of spray-drying technology, which is a highly versatile process methodology to transform the extracts into free-flowing powder.
Analysis of Axial Stiffness Reduction Factors in Thermal Analysis of Multistorey Buildings
Authors: Dung Do Thi My , Khai Lam Thanh Quang , Van Thuc Ngo
Published: December 2020

This study is aimed at the assessment of realistic values for the modification factors of beams’ axial stiffness, applied in finite element analysis of structures under thermal effect. In a previous study, the authors developed an algorithm and software package to determine the relationship between the axial force acting on a specific beam, and the axial stiffness modification factor which takes into consideration the flexural cracking of the beam. In this study, these relationship curves are utilized using a newly developed analytical algorithm for the iterative analysis of RC multistorey frames under the effect of thermal expansion/contraction. A new Excel/Visual Basic software package is developed, and used to control and perform iterative analysis runs on ETABS program, while continually modifying the axial stiffness modification factors of the beams, to reach the accurate value of the modification factors at convergence. A group of building frames designed according to the application of the newly developed algorithm and software package and the effect of different numbers of floors on the axial forces developed in thermal analysis is investigated, with emphasis on estimation of the applicable modification factors in each case. The practical values obtained for these modification factors are compared to the common code specifications, and the common practice in design offices in the markets. Several geometric and section properties of the beam elements in the studied buildings are varied to widen the range of the study, and develop useful recommendations for designers in this field.
Effect of SiCp reinforcement on mechanical properties of Al 6061 by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Whenish Ruban , Sureshbabu B , Johnrajan A , Srinivasan R , kumar S Naveen , Kavitharan A , Pandikrishna C , Ragupathi S
Published: December 2020

Silicon carbide reinforced aluminium have been developed since past 3 decades for many structural and automotive applications especially for manufacturing gears due to their excellent characteristics such as light weight, high strength, good wear resistance and other mechanical properties. Gears are transmission components that requires high wear resistance as well as self-lubrication properties while performing the needed operations. The present research elucidates the addition of particle reinforcement with Al6061 with particle size 50 µm and different weight percentages of Silicon carbide (SiCp) such as 3, 6 and 9 for gear blank application. The addition of SiCp with Al6061 enhance its properties and provides prolonged use of gear for many applications. In this study, the gear blank has been produced via traditional powder metallurgy method by adding Zinc stearate as binding agent. The compacted green part was further processed with sintering process with 500°C in muffle furnace. The sintered gear blank was examined for mechanical properties such as hardness and surface roughness according to ASTM standards. The influence of SiCp with Al6061 were evaluated by incrementing the SiCp. It was seen that there was an increase in the hardness showing the dispersion of hard particles SiCp throughout the structure. Further, the surface roughness varied depending on the process and heat treatment of compacted composites. This study gives better understanding about the effect SiCp reinforcement on mechanical properties of Al6061 metal matrix.
Hepatotoxicity study of nanotitania on Mice and Zebra fish: A comparison
Authors: Sharma Vikash Kumar , Agrawal Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2020

The present paper for study aims the characterization and investigation of the oxidative stress induced toxicity of nanotitania in liver of mice and zebra fish models. Physical characterization for its size and the affirmation of phase by XRD, SEM, and TEM reveals, the particles as crystalline, predominant anatase phase with the mean size of about <50 nm. The toxic effect was assessed in vivo using the giant zebra fish 3-6 months old on two groups, viz, control and 24hr treated with 1ppm as experimental. Similarly 6-8 months old Mice with control and experimental groups (24 hour treatment of 50mg/kg bodyweight). Spectrophotometric analysis of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in tissues. In both experimental models, a considerable raise in lipid peroxidation as well as liver marker enzymes ALT, AST and the decline within antioxidants such as SOD, Catalase, GPx due to TiO2 induced oxidant stress. Topographic evaluation of tissue through SEM reveals a remarkable uptake of nanotitania. Histopathological examination of TiO2 administrated groups infers cellular damage and DNA damage which was confirmed by COMET assay. It is substantial that nanoritania unlike to its bulk counterpart induces hepatotoxicity in both fish and Mice. The mice tissues are found to be more toxic than that of giant zebra fish in spite of better efficacy in its tissue.
Analysis on the Safety Factor of Corrugated Tubes having Predicted Deformation Patterns
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kr. , Sharma Vikas
Published: December 2020

In this research paper the analysis of Axial crushing of Circular Tubes with Graded Corrugations is done by FEM using ANSYS 15.0 with LS-DYNA Explicit Dynamics. The analysis is carried out on simple cylindrical tubes with geometrical parameters such as different types of corrugations with different sizes, grooved tubes. Various structural analysis graphs were plotted and results show that corrugated tubes have a rather uniform and straight graph as compared to simple cylindrical tubes. Which also establishes that the structural crashworthiness of these corrugated tubes is better than normal cylindrical tubes?
Parametric optimization and abrasive water jet drilling on bronze metal matrix composite
Authors: Stalin B , Ravichandran M , Balasubramanian M , Anand Chairman C , Marichamy S , Dhinakaran V
Published: December 2020

In recent scenario, the Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) has been an essential role in all sectors such as automotive, marine, aircraft, agriculture and nuclear power plants. The MMC has commendable material behaviors. The better material characteristics have been achieved after conversion metals to MMC through the addition of reinforcements. Due to improved corrosion resistance and strength of the bronze metal matrix was considered for the present experimental work. It was formulated through stir casting technique. The machinability characteristics were analyzed through Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) process. The responses such as the Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) were evaluated based on its input factors. Taguchi optimization, contour plot and variance test were also reported.
Optimization of CNC machining process parameters for AA2014/WC composite
Authors: Mohanavel V , Suresh Kumar S , Vishnukumar R , Sivaraman V , Vairamuthu J , Ravichandran M
Published: December 2020

In this developed environment, most of the machineries and automobile parts are manufactured by using CNC machines. The working process for these requirements is common facing, turning, milling and so on. Of these surface roughness plays an important role. Since the strength and stability of the materials depends on the operation in which it undergoes on. The Taguchi method is adopted to reduce work effort. This method replaces the work of turning to minimize the surface roughness (SR). The goal of this analysis is to optimize the effects of machining parameters of CNC turning machine for the Aluminium Alloy AA2014+12%WC with response of SR through using Taguchi approach.
Tribological and Mechanical behaviour of reinforced polymer composite material for clutch facing in automobile application
Authors: Kumar JGK , Venkatesh Babu R
Published: December 2020

In the current trend applications the conductive composite polymers are obtained by filling up the polymer matrixes along with different Carbon blacks were also investigated. out of many One of the carbon black is the particulate filler and is the best example which is widely used as reinforce filler in all the polymer industry. The most available carbon blacks in the market are from thermal cracking of natural gas and furnace black which are generated by incomplete combustion of oil filled in different stocks. And hence it is most necessary to implement and develop the alternative best source of the fillers from the renewable resources from the waste from mostly like agriculture units, oil palms, forest bamboo stem and coconut shells. And these are rich in organic materials. Therefore the effective way of utilization of coconut shell which consists of as high as 70.5% Carbon, 0.99% ash, 31.75% lignin and 19.5% cellulose and 70% hemicelluloses. Hence mostly this agricultural waste which is unused can be utilized and upgraded. Hence after lot of experiments we implemented a polymer matrix composite using coconut shell char and investigated their mechanical and tribological properties and behaviour. The brand new item and also the material like hard porous carbon material coconut char has been prepared with the help of carburizing the coconut shell as the main raw material at various temperatures from 650°C till 950°C, and finally the different experiments were been conducted to check the friction wear behaviour of the composite material.
Implementation of Cardamom Sorting Machine
Authors: Sriram S P , Veera Sivakumar M , Rithika Shree P V , Nagavarshini K , Poomani K
Published: December 2020

Cardamom grading is an imperative agricultural invention handing out conscientiousness which continuously seeks for improve methods of mechanization. Categorization the cardamom includes the process of segregating cardamom based on its skin texture such as the husk size, husk identity and peapod colour. Grading includes the procedure of assigning grades and in this way categorizing cardamom to diverse delivery qualities as the cardamom superiority increases with price, therefore it is required to grade the cardamom. Optimization techniques like K means nearest Neighbour algorithm, decision tree are combined with machine vision to find the cardamom colour and can be used for the purpose of grading. The cardamom is compared with the finest elected cardamom for the cataloguing manages and the cardamom is graded based on the colour of the cardamom. The project deals with the design and fabrication of cardamom sorting machine with the help of machine vision and machine learning process.
Robotic ARM Based Intelligent System with Automatic Petrolbunk and Amount Collection
Authors: Roobini K , Senthilkumar P , Kathiresan P , Girupaakaran GO , Saravanan M
Published: December 2020

The world is heading towards automation nowadays, but India is still at the beginning of the automation era. A rise in the number of vehicles in India has led to pollution and traffic in almost all of India’s cities in recent years. The supply of fuel to this large number of vehicles at fuel stations has created many problems in India. In our everyday lives, liquid dispensing systems in various places such as offices, bus stands, train stations, gas pumps are very commonly found. Currently, fuel stations are manually operated. Such fuel pumps take time and require more manpower. All these problems are sorted out by the use of unmanned petrol pumps to position fuel stations in distant locations, which take less time to run and are reliable and can be placed wherever the customer goes to make use of the electronic clearing system’s services. All these problems are sorted out by the use of unmanned petrol pumps. So, one of the best automation processes in our country is this proposed method. The automation of the gas station is a mandatory activity to be carried out due to the dramatic rise in the number of vehicles. To provide quick access and save time at the gas station, an autonomous petrol station using ATMEGA2560 is recommended. Our task reduces the use of human power often eliminates the possibility of all forms of cheating. For the convenience of the customer, automated billing facilitates swiping of credit / debit cards as well as cash depositor in the fuel counter itself.
Kinematics and Plane Decomposition Algorithm for Non Linear Path Planning Navigation and Tracking of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Arulmurugan L , Raghavendra Prabhu S , Ilangkumaran M , Suresh V , Saravanakumar R , Raghunath M
Published: December 2020

Online planned course of the flight and obstacle avoidance are the major issues of exploitation faced in the real time implementation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The main application that are used in the UAV are path planning navigation and tracking. Our project uses two algorithms to derive the navigation control laws. The algorithms such as kinematics based algorithm and plane decomposition algorithm. The control laws rely on the two factors namely, proportionality and derivation factors. These factors guide the UAV in reaching the goal in a nonlinear path successfully. The surveillance mode and obstacle avoidance mode are taken as the important consideration in our project. In the surveillance mode UAV reaches the goal in the three dimensional space with the aid of navigation laws. In obstacle avoidance function, the obstacles are avoided in the course of its path of the flight and attains the destination with the navigation laws’ assistance. The kinematics rules leads to the successful application of tracking and navigation of UAV in nonlinear path planning.
IoT visualization of Smart Factory for Additive Manufacturing System (ISFAMS) with visual inspection and material handling processes
Authors: Sivabalakrishnan R , Kalaiarasan A , Ajithvishva M S , Hemsri M , Oorappan G. M. , Yasodharan R
Published: December 2020

The challenges in a manufacturing system are lack of timely, accurate, and lack of information to featured product prediction, shop floor resources, product flow, product inspection, product status to customer, product delivery status and factory adaption for customized product. The proposed idea is to design IoT visualization based Smart Factory for Additive Manufacturing System (ISFAMS) that creates a way towards progressively from traditional automation to a fully connected mass customization and flexible cyber-physical system. The ISFAMS utilize a consistent stream of information from associated tasks and creating frameworks to learn and adjust factory productions to new requests from the customer. The system utilizes the Industrial Controller to control the operation of individual systems and sequence of product flow in the Smart Factory setup. The wireless sensor network acquires real-time manufacturing information and information is stored, accessed and visualized using cloud computing. The vision system and automated platform enable the inspection of products shape and dimensions based on the machine learning approach and to transfer the product from section to section and separate the product for packaging section. This digitization of manufacturing system increases flexibility, reliability, smart sensing and control, resource wastage, easy access to manufacturing information and logistics management.
Performance Analysis of Cold Energy Storage Using Phase Change Material
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Thangavel P.
Published: December 2020

Refrigeration is a method of extracting heat from low-temperature reservoir and shifting it to a high-temperature reservoir. The energy consumed by the refrigerator is increased day by day due to the changes in the standard of living and quick industrialization. In household appliances, the domestic refrigerator is the most energy consuming devices due their continuous operation. Efforts have been made in many countries to boost the COP of the refrigerators and reduce the energy consumption in the compressor. The above problems are rectified by using of Phase Change Material (PCM) in the domestic refrigerators. Due to the fact that over a large number of freezing / melting periods, PCM must be chemically and thermally stable. In the case of thermal energy storage in refrigerators, the PCM must be applicable and the choice of PCM in refrigeration systems is an important issue. The use of PCM in the evaporator segment minimizes compressor dome temperature fluctuations and provides stable conditions against changes in thermal loads. The main objective of the present research is to investigate the household refrigerator using Phase Change Material. The experimental results showed important impacts on the performance of the system, the on-off compressor cycle and the reduction in electricity consumption. The results showed that 0.69 % increase in COP, 1.8 % decrease in compressor work and 6.7 % increase in refrigerator Effect. The dome temperature is reduced to 3.91% when compared to without PCM in the evaporator.
Fuzzy Logic based control system and Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Automation
Authors: Deepa R , Sri Rakshitha A K , Gopala Krishnan V
Published: December 2020

Amidst the AI driven world, the Automation plays a major role in every sector. Usually the control systems in industries are manually controlled in unpredictable conditions. We are in need of a human to control a system. In this affair an AI trained machine acts as a human replica to drive it fully automated. The highly labor-intensive industries can be benefited by the use of Artificial Intelligence in the automation part, this reduces the human errors and safeguard them from risky areas. The fuzzy based PID controller is used here because it acts as Human-in-the-loop behind the whole process. This helps in tuning the PID controller to set a desired value which enhances the gains, adding to that it gives a high accuracy and brings up more flexibility in changing the rules. The result which is obtained is simulated in MATLAB with overshoot difference.
Simulation and Experiment study on lubrication and fatigue properties of white alloy journal bearings
Authors: Ding Ning , Li Hulin , Yin Zhongwei , Zhong Ning , Chen Yonghong
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) simulation by AVL EXCITE is performed to analyze the lubrication performance including oil film thickness, oil film pressure, asperity contact pressure, and friction power losses. The journal bearing fatigue experiments were conducted on the fatigue test rig (Glacier Vandervel, made in the UK). The shell temperature was measured in real-time and the fatigue limit was finally determined. The simulation results combined with experimental results were discussed to comprehensively explain the failure mechanisms. It can be found that as the lubrication condition degrades, the asperity contact aggravates, and the shell temperature is increased sharply. This causes bearing performance degradation, poor bearing load carrying capacity, and severe surface damage, which finally lead to bearing failure.
Waste Elimination Model Based on Lean Manufacturing and Lean Maintenance to Increase Efficiency in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Aucasime-Gonzales P , Tremolada-Cruz S , Chavez-Soriano P , Dominguez F , Raymundo C
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the low efficiency of a production process in a manufacturing company. The study aims to integrate and model different tools with greater efficiency to avoid high maintenance costs of production equipment and high implementation costs. Thus, this article presents a waste reduction model intended to reduce setup time and develop an efficient maintenance management system to increase overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). We validated the model in a Peruvian tire manufacturing company and achieved positive outcomes such as a 13% increase in the OEE score and a 22.5% setup time reduction. All this entailed an increase in the component changeover capacity, the outsourcing of 37 activities, and an 80% increase in the knowledge index of the operators involved in the proposal.
Study on the capacity performance of journal bearings with different spiral groove structures by CFD method
Authors: Zhang Le , Xin Qi , Wu Bo , Zhong Ning , Tu Liyue , Li Hulin
Published: December 2020

This paper uses the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to evaluate the capacity performance of journal bearings with different spiral groove shapes. A detail discussion is conducted to compare the capacity performance of spiral groove journal bearings with different spiral groove depths, widths, numbers, and pitches. For journal bearings with different spiral groove structures, the variation of the load carrying capacity and the oil film pressure with different attitude angles is illustrated. The influence of the spiral groove structures on the pressure distribution of journal bearings is investigated. The presenet research can provide techinal support and references to the design and the capacity performance of journal bearings with the spiral grooves.
Sequence representation approaches for sequence-based protein prediction tasks that use deep learning
Authors: Cui Feifei , Zhang Zilong , Zou Quan
Published: December 2020

Deep learning has been increasingly used in bioinformatics, especially in sequence-based protein prediction tasks, as large amounts of biological data are available and deep learning techniques have been developed rapidly in recent years. For sequence-based protein prediction tasks, the selection of a suitable model architecture is essential, whereas sequence data representation is a major factor in controlling model performance. Here, we summarized all the main approaches that are used to represent protein sequence data (amino acid sequence encoding or embedding), which include end-to-end embedding methods, non-contextual embedding methods and embedding methods that use transfer learning and others that are applied for some specific tasks (such as protein sequence embedding based on extracted features for protein structure predictions and graph convolutional network-based embedding for drug discovery tasks). We have also reviewed the architectures of various types of embedding models theoretically and the development of these types of sequence embedding approaches to facilitate researchers and users in selecting the model that best suits their requirements.
Genocide and ecocide in four Colombian Indigenous Communities: the Erosion of a way of life and memory
Authors: Goyes David R , South Nigel , Abaibira Mireya Astroina , Baicué Pablo , Cuchimba Angie , Ñeñetofe Deisy Tatiana Ramos
Published: December 2020

Generally, the traditional Indigenous ways of ‘knowing and seeing’ the natural world lead to more protective behaviours than the dominating economic approach that represents the interests of the global North. Indigenous ways of living and remembering are however, currently threatened with erosion by several global dynamics. While many of the most powerful forces involved in the extinguishment of Indigenous peoples and their cultures are visible and direct forms of violence, there are also structural, systemic and invisible factors at play. In this article, based on original primary data collected within communities of four Colombian Indigenous peoples, we identify the four main silent dynamics producing the extinction of Indigenous cultures in Colombia. We refer to the operation of these forces as a form of genocide and connect them to the simultaneous occurrence of an ecocide.
Field Performance and Public Health Response Using the BinaxNOWTM Rapid Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antigen Detection Assay During Community-Based Testing
Authors: Pilarowski Genay , Marquez Carina , Rubio Luis , Peng James , Martinez Jackie , Black Douglas , Chamie Gabriel , Jones Diane , Jacobo Jon , Tulier-Laiwa Valerie , Rojas Susana , Rojas Susy , Cox Chesa , Nakamura Robert , Petersen Maya , DeRisi Joseph , Havlir Diane V
Published: December 2020

Among 3302 persons tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by BinaxNOWTM and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a community setting, rapid assay sensitivity was 100%/98.5%/89% using RT-PCR cycle thresholds of 30, 35, and no threshold. The specificity was 99.9%. Performance was high across ages and those with and without symptoms. Rapid resulting permitted immediate public health action.