bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Claudin-18 expression under hypoxia in neonatel lungs of brochopulmonary dysplasia model rats
Authors: Zuo Jingye , Tong Yajie , Yang Yuting , Wang Yirui , Yue Dongmei
Published: December 2021

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by
impaired alveolar and microvascular development. Claudin-18 is the only
known lung-specific tight junction protein affecting alveolar epithelium
development and transdifferentiation. Objective: To explore the changes
in claudin-18 expression, alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) marker
proteins, the canonical Wnt pathway, and their possible regulatory
relationships in a hyperoxia-induced BPD rat model. Methods: The BPD
neonatal rat model was established by exposure to hyperoxia (85%).
Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to confirm the
establishment of the BPD model. The mRNA levels were assessed using
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while protein
expression levels were determined using western blotting,
immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence . Results: As
confirmed by HE staining, the BPD neonatal rat model was successfully
established. Compared with the air group, claudin-18 and claudin-4
expression decreased in the hyperoxia group. The expression of β-catenin
of the Wnt signaling decreased, whereas that of p-GSK-3β increased.
Expression of the AEC Ⅱ marker SFTPC decreased initially and then
increased, whereas that of the AEC Ⅰ marker Podoplanin increased on day
14 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Claudin-18 downregulation during
hyperoxia may affect lung development and maturation, which may result
in hyperoxia-induced BPD. Additionally, claudin-18 is associated with
the canonical Wnt pathway and alveolar epithelial transdifferentiation.
Do clinimetric properties of LCI change after correction of signal processing?
Authors: Frauchiger Bettina , Oestreich Marc-Alexander , Wyler Florian , Monney Nathalie , Willers Corin , Yammine Sophie , Latzin Philipp
Published: December 2021

Background: The recently described sensor-crosstalk error in the
multiple-breath washout (MBW) device (Exhalyzer D, Eco Medics AG,
Duernten, Switzerland) could highly influence clinimetric properties and
the current interpretation of MBW results. This study reanalyzes MBW
data from clinical routine in the corrected software version Spiroware®
3.3.1 and evaluates the effect on outcomes. Methods: We included
nitrogen-MBW data from healthy children and children with CF from
previously published trials and ongoing cohort studies. We specifically
compared LCI analyzed in Spiroware 3.2.1 and 3.3.1 with regards to i)
feasibility, ii) repeatability and iii) validity as outcome parameters
in children with CF. Results: (i) All previously collected measurements
could be reanalyzed and resulted in unchanged feasibility in Spiroware
3.3.1. (ii) Short- and midterm repeatability of LCI was similar in both
software versions. (iii) Clinical validity of LCI remained similar in
Spiroware 3.3.1, however, resulted in lower values. Discrimination
between health and disease was comparable between both software
versions. The increase in LCI over time was less pronounced with 0.16
LCI units/year (95% CI 0.08; 0.24) vs. 0.30 LCI units/year (95% CI
0.21; 0.38) in 3.2.1. Response to intervention in children receiving
CFTR-modulator therapy resulted in a comparable improvement in LCI in
both Spiroware versions. Conclusion: Our study confirms that clinimetric
properties of LCI remain unaffected after correction for the
cross-sensitivity error in Spiroware software.
L-topological derived internal (resp. Enclosed) relation spaces
Authors: Wu Xiu-Yun , Liu Qi , Liao Chun-Yan , Zhao Yan-Hui
Published: December 2021

In this paper, notions of L-topological derived internal relation space,
L-topological derived interior operator space, L-topological derived
enclosed relation space and L-topological derived closure operator space are
introduced. It is proved that all of these spaces are categorically
isomorphic to L-topological space, L-topological internal relation space and
L-topological enclosed relation space.
The Drazin inverse matrix modification formulae with Peirce corners
Authors: Zhang Daochang , Mosic Dijana , Hu Jianping
Published: December 2021

Our motivation is to derive the Drazin inverse matrix modification formulae
utilizing the Drazin inverses of adequate Peirce corners under some special
cases, and the Drazin inverse of a special matrix with an additive
perturbation. As applications, several new results for the expressions of
the Drazin inverses of modified matrices A ?? CB and A ?? CDdB are obtained,
and some well known results in the literature, as the
Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula and Jacobson?s Lemma, are generalized.
Analytic transient solutions of a cylindrical heat equation
Authors: Kung K.Y. , Gong Man-Feng , Srivastava H.M. , Lin Shy-Der
Published: December 2021

The principles of superposition and separation of variables are used here in
order to investigate the analytical solutions of a certain transient heat
conduction equation. The structure of the transient temperature
appropriations and the heat-transfer distributions are summed up for a
straight mix of the results by means of the Fourier-Bessel arrangement of
the exponential type for the investigated partial differential equation.
Curvature properties of almost Ricci-like solitons with torse-forming vertical potential on almost contact b-metric manifolds
Authors: Manev Mancho
Published: December 2021

A generalization of ?-Ricci solitons is considered involving an additional
metric and functions as soliton coefficients. The soliton potential is
torse-forming and orthogonal to the contact distribution of the almost
contact B-metric manifold. Then such a manifold can also be considered as an
almost Einstein like manifold, a generalization of an ?-Einstein manifold
with respect to both B-metrics and functions as coefficients. Necessary and
sufficient conditions are found for a number of properties of the curvature
tensor and its Ricci tensor of the studied manifolds. Finally, an explicit
example of an arbitrary dimension is given and some of the results are
illustrated.
Approximation by sampling-type nonlinear discrete operators in φ-variation
Authors: Aslan İsmail
Published: December 2021

In the present paper, our purpose is to obtain a nonlinear approximation by
using convergence in ?-variation. Angeloni and Vinti prove some
approximation results considering linear sampling-type discrete operators.
These types of operators have close relationships with generalized sampling
series. By improving Angeloni and Vinti?s one, we aim to get a nonlinear
approximation which is also generalized by means of summability process. We
also evaluate the rate of approximation under appropriate Lipschitz classes
of ?-absolutely continuous functions. Finally, we give some examples of
kernels, which fulfill our kernel assumptions.
Antimicrobial and anticancer activities of copolymers of tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal and itaconic anhydride
Authors: Deoghare Chetana , Balaji Shruti , Dhandapani Savitha , Srivastava Honey , Ganguly Anasuya , Chauhan Rashmi
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of monomers itaconic anhydride (IA) and tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (TAG) as well as 4,6-di-O- -acetyl-D-glucal (PSG). The homopolymers and copolymers of IA and TAG were synthesized via free radical copolymerization in bulk, using azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator with different feed ratios of monomers. Their structural, molecular and thermal characterization was done using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of copolymers was found in the range of 139?145 ?C. The highest Tg was found for IA?TAG2 copolymers, whereas IA?TAG4 copolymer showed lowest Tg. The molecular weight of the copolymers was in the range 5157?5499 g mol-1. The monomer TAG undergoes Ferrier rearrangement in water to give PSG. The antimicrobial activity of IA, TAG, PSG and IA?TAG copolymers was studied using the minimum microbicidal concentration-broth dilution method. TAG, IA and PSG, as well as homopolymer and copolymers of IA and TAG are excellent antimicrobial agents.
16-year old Belgrade novelist Ljubica P. Radoicic
Authors: Peric Djordje
Published: December 2021

In reviewing the novel Blood Rises (Krv se budi, 1932) penned by a 16-years
old Belgrade novelist Ljubica P. Radoicic, the author of the paper examines
its plot, time, and circumstances of its creation, and analytically points
to Miss Radoicic?s sources of inspiration in the then current novelistic
world literature. The author points to the influence of the main characters
from the filmed novel The Sheik, 1919, by the British author Edith Hull
(1880-1947), and some other translated works dealing with the life of French
legionnaires in Algeria, serialised in the dailies of the time. In personal
contact with the novelist, the author of the paper wrote Miss Radoicic?s
first biography, also presented in this paper.
A little known version of the Branko Copic’s poem “My Little One from Bosanska Krupa“
Authors: Jovanovic Miroslav
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we are publishing a little-known version of Branko Copic?s
poem ?My Little One from Bosanska Krupa?, which is kept in his personal fund
in the Archives of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Spiżarnia biskupa. Konsumpcja na dworze biskupów wrocławskich w świetle rachunków z 1449 i 1450 roku
Authors: Wółkiewicz Ewa
Published: December 2021

Artykuł zawiera analizę rachunków z dworu legnickiego, centrum jednego z kluczy majątkowych biskupstwa wrocławskiego. Zachowane zapiski zawierają obszerne wykazy produktów dostarczonych na potrzeby biskupa Piotra Nowaka, podczas jego pięciu wizyt w Legnicy, między czerwcem 1449 r. a końcem kwietnia 1450 r. W rachunkach rysuje się wyraźna różnica między zwykłym trybem funkcjonowania dworu, a nadzwyczajnym okresem, gdy gości w nim jego właściciel. Zwraca uwagę przede wszystkim różnorodność produktów oraz dbałość, aby podczas każdej z wizyt podać inne, nieserwowane wcześniej specjały. Większość tych delikatesów kupowano w niewielkich ilościach, z przeznaczeniem dla wąskiego grona, być może tylko dla biskupa.
Goldwasser i jopenbier. Produkcja wódki i piwa w Gdańsku w długim XIX wieku (do 1914 roku)
Authors: Kizik Edmund
Published: December 2021

Produkty gdańskich browarników i destylatorów, szczególnie ciężkie piwo jęczmienne (jopenbier) oraz korzenne likiery, cieszyły się w XVII–XVIII w. wielką sławą w Polsce, w całej Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej. Smak oraz wygląd gdańskiej wódki (Goldwasser) sławili poeci niemieccy, a jej legenda trafiła nawet na strony polskiego eposu narodowego Pan Tadeusz (z 1834 r.). Autor artykułu przedstawił sytuację gdańskiego rzemiosła gorzelniczego oraz browarniczego od schyłku XVIII w. do wybuchu pierwszej wojny światowej. Na podstawie statystyk handlowych ukazano zmieniającą się strukturę wytwórców, wielkość, ceny produkcji oraz eksport, a także reakcję na zmieniające się gusty konsumentów w epoce przemysłowej.
Mei Wan Mei Liao
Authors: Yu Anhuai
Published: December 2021

This is the Chinese translation for the first poem of Gitanjali, a collection of poems, written by Rabindranath Tagore, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
Cui Ku La Xiu
Authors: Yu Anhuai
Published: December 2021

This is the Chinese translation for the third poem of Gitanjali, a collection of poems, written by Rabindranath Tagore, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
Muhammad dan Orisinalitas Al-Quran dalam Pandangan Abraham Geiger
Authors: Mahfudin Muhamad
Published: December 2021

Among the interest in the study of Muhammad and the Quran was born from the Orientalists. Including the Orientalists who were very influential on this study was Abraham Geiger. From this research, it is found that Geiger has a view that tends to be contrary to that of Muslim scholars in general. Where Geiger views that Muhammad was someone who had tried to bring up the Quran because it was influenced by the Jewish culture that already existed in the Arab region at that time. Geigers opinion is based on several facts that he put forward, which include: When Muhammad carried out his mission in Medina, Muhammad was dealing with Jews who had long had a strong influence on the local community and Muhammad had close relations with Jews. in the area. This fact is then reinforced by Geigers findings in the Qur'an which are indicated to be taken from the Jewish tradition, such as the discovery of 14 vocabulary words of the Koran which tend to be the same as Jewish dogma, the discovery of doctrinal concepts that indicate the adaptation of the Qur'an from the Jews. and the stories in the Koran that tend to be in line with Jewish teachings.
Komodifikasi Al-Quran
Authors: Fais Nor Lutfi
Published: December 2021

Religion commodifications, including the issue of the Quran, are not a real breakthrough in socio-religious studies. Various studies have been carried out. However, the current studies are still limited to descriptions of the variety of commodification and problems that occur and have not reached yet the aspect of dismantling the social intrigues in them. For this reason, this study intends to read the commodification of the Quran as a social phenomenon and at the same time expose the hidden aspects in it. This study uses the social theory of The Consumer Society, initiated by Jean Baudrillard which includes aspects of commodification, media shaping, and social shifting paradigm: needs towards desires and lifestyles, by adopting relevant disciplines of the Quran such as riwayat, qira ah and tajwid. The object to be studied is Mushaf Al-Quran Grand Maqamat or known as Al-Quran Digital Talking Pen Grand Maqamat. After conducting the study, it was found that the commodification of the Quran that occurred was part of the industrialization effort of the Qur’an by using religious actors as an excuse and as a marketing medium. Commodification that occurs is also not in line with the spirit of necessity which refers to the concepts of riwayat, qira ah and tajwid in the Quran.
Konsep Jihad dalam Al-Quran
Authors: Kerwanto Kerwanto Kerwanto
Published: December 2021

This article is a response to the growing radical understanding of religion and the rejection of Pancasila as the nation's ideology in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This article is also an offer of thought for the Deradicalization of Al-Quran Verses. Namely, as an effort to reinterpret several verses of the Qur'an which have the potential to be understood by some as the basis for acts of violence or coercion of certain ideologies. 

In this article, the author uses the theosophical esoteric interpretation approach such as Haidar Amuli (d. 1385), as an analytical tool to explore the content of several verses of the Qur’an related to jihad. This paper can also be referred to as thematic interpretation because the author tries to discuss (analyze) the content of the verses of the Qur'an based on a theme and tries to follow the steps of the thematic method in interpretation.

Through an esoteric approach, in this article, jihad will not only be interpreted as a physical war taking up arms. Jihad has several levels of meaning, such as jihad of ahl shariah, ahl tariqah, and ahl haqiqa. Furthermore, by analyzing the historical context, the jihad verses can be interpreted as a movement for mental revolution and social moral improvement.
Os caminhos da melhoria da qualidade da educação básica no PNE
Authors: Bof Alvana Maria
Published: December 2021

Este estudo traz uma análise das estratégias da Meta 7 do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) 2014-2024, que diz respeito à melhoria da qualidade da educação básica, postulando o aumento progressivo do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb). Guiada pelas diretrizes do PNE, a Meta 7 apresenta um conjunto de 36 estratégias, que é analisado considerando aspectos relacionados a sua composição e suas características, bem como sua relação com a Meta 7 e as diretrizes do PNE. O estudo reflete ainda sobre a composição da Meta 7 tomando o complexo processo de elaboração do PNE e examina a execução de algumas estratégias selecionadas relacionadas: (i) à aprendizagem (Estratégias 7.1 e 7.2); (ii) à avaliação educacional (Estratégias 7.3, 7.4, 7.7 e 7.8); e (iii) ao apoio técnico e financeiro realizado pela União por meio dos Planos de Ações Articuladas – PAR (Estratégias 7.5 e 7.6). Ao final, tecem-se considerações a respeito da composição e da efetivação das estratégias da Meta 7, indicando estudos e análises adicionais que poderão contribuir para a elaboração do próximo PNE.
Introdução
Authors: Moraes Gustavo Henrique , Maia de Albuquerque Ana Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

A partir da aprovação do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), a Lei nº 13.005, de 25 de junho de 2014, destinou ao Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep) a responsabilidade de publicar estudos para aferir a evolução no cumprimento das metas estabelecidas no Plano. Da mesma forma, a Lei nº 14.113, de 25 de dezembro de 2020, que regulamenta o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb), legou ao Inep as competências de monitorar as condicionalidades e elaborar a metodologia de cálculo dos indicadores que disciplinarão a distribuição dos recursos do Fundo.
As estratégias do Plano Nacional de Educação para a efetivação da gestão democrática
Authors: Barbosa Lima Márcio Alexandre
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender, a partir das estratégias da Meta 19 do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), o lugar das instituições e processos participativos (IPPs) como indicadores de gestão democrática. Inicia recuperando o debate sobre o tema da gestão democrática nas conferências de educação, no Congresso Nacional e na teoria política, demonstrando como a construção, a execução e a avaliação do PNE possuíram características participativas. Em seguida, analisando as estratégias da Meta 19, conclui que os resultados da efetivação da gestão democrática podem ser considerados com base na existência das IPPs intra e extraescolares, na formação dos membros de conselhos de políticas públicas e na oferta de condições para o funcionamento dessas IPP´s. Por fim, o estudo identifica avanços na coleta de informações estatísticas, as quais trouxeram visibilidade ao tema, e, com base nos dados atualmente disponíveis, apresenta a distribuição das IPPs nas redes de ensino.
Expansão da Pós-Graduação no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Santos Priscila
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho integra um esforço no sentido de aprimorar a compreensão da estrutura lógica das estratégias do Plano Nacional de Educação 2014-2024, mais especificamente da Meta 14 do plano, que se ocupa dos desafios relativos à pós-graduação stricto sensu no Brasil. Nesse sentido, perguntas acerca do desenho dessas estratégias no plano são colocadas com vistas a orientar a análise, abordando questões relacionadas à complementariedade ou à sobreposição dessas estratégias, assim como a existência de diagnósticos que suportem essas propostas de ação. Este trabalho também tem como objetivo produzir informações e análises que possam subsidiar a elaboração do Novo PNE.
A Educação de Jovens e Adultos Integrada à Educação Profissional
Authors: Maia de Albuquerque Ana Elizabeth , Dos Santos Robson , Moraes Gustavo Henrique , De S. Moreira O. da Silva Susiane
Published: December 2021

O estudo analisou as estratégias da Meta 10 do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), vis-à-vis os programas que buscam responder aos principais desafios estabelecidos por ela e que correspondem em grande parte, aos seus direcionamentos, como o Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (Proeja), o Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens (Projovem) e o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec), e contribuir com a reflexão sobre os desafios de universalização da educação básica e de elevação da escolaridade da população brasileira. As estratégias da Meta alinham-se às diretrizes do PNE: universalização do atendimento escolar; superação das desigualdades educacionais, com ênfase na promoção da cidadania e na erradicação de todas as formas de discriminação; melhoria da qualidade da educação; formação para o trabalho e para a cidadania, com ênfase nos valores morais e éticos em que se fundamenta a sociedade. A Meta 10 propõe oferecer, no mínimo, 25% das matrículas de educação de jovens e adultos (EJA), nos ensinos fundamental e médio, na forma integrada à educação profissional e apresenta um baixo desempenho desde o início do Plano, alcançando apenas 1,8% em 2020. Assim, o texto analisa as estratégias buscando compreender como esse percentual poderia ser ampliado.
The Power of Crowdcourcing and Participatory Culture: Beauty Vlogger Analysis on Wardah Cosmetic Brand
Authors: Gultom Atikah Putri Adrilia
Published: December 2021

Advances in technology and the internet have fundamentally changed the way we consume media and generate innovation, including in the fields of advertising and marketing. Participatory culture and crowdsourcing by beauty vloggers change the power patterns (top-down, bottom-up or both) that the industry has in implementing advertising strategies. In addition, the strength of individuals in a participatory culture arises because of various media such as video blogs or websites that allow individuals to share comments and reviews. This situation provides an opportunity for beauty vloggers with the power they have to distribute their power, so that strength is not absolutely in the industry. Meanwhile, from the industry side, you can use beauty vlogger services to become a marketing strategy. This conceptual paper uses literature review and meta-synthesis methods to discuss the power possessed by beauty vloggers through participatory culture and crowdsourcing as well as linking it to Wardah cosmetic products as one of the products using the halal concept. The purpose of this research is to see the power possessed by beauty vloggers can influence the public using the local makeup brand Wardah and Wardah power as a local halal makeup brand so that it is attractive to Muslim women. Finally, the analysis of this conceptual paper shows that participatory culture and crowdsourcing have become very important entities in the dynamics of the advertising and marketing industry in the digital era.
SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF WOMEN FISHER IN MUARA SELOTONG
Authors: Siregar Riadi Syafutra
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to identify and describe the survival strategies of women fishers in meeting the needs of family life in Muara Selotong and the distribution of marine products. In their role, women fishers do not only play a role in the domestic space but also participate to fulfill and increase income, so that they are sufficient for the family economy. This research uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, research techniques include; participant observer and in-depth interviews. The results of the field research show that in helping the family's economy, women fisher in Muara Selotong work looking for shellfish, crabs and helping their husbands in looking for fish and shrimp. The technique of looking for shells and crabs uses the traditional way, namely by using a œGancu tool and watching the tides. For the sake of getting additional economics, some dare to do this work, even though they are not good at swimming. Economic demands and low levels of education are the main reasons for women to participate in helping the family economy because the income earned by men as heads of households is deemed insufficient. Women also have wider access and networks than men to distribute marine products. because women take on roles from the production stage to distribution in the market. It can be seen that the dual role of women is very helpful to meet the needs of the family.
ROHINGYA REFUGEES IN INDONESIA: THE DYNAMICS OF STATELESSNESS AND THE VIEWS OF LOCAL PEOPLE
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah , Al'asyari Al'asyari , Muary Rholand
Published: December 2021

Rohingya refugees who are experiencing a crisis due to the genocide in Myanmar have attracted international attention. The existence of the Rohinghya as an ethno-religious minority group was officially discriminated against which led to forced expulsion by the Myanmar government in 1982 with the issuance of the citizenship law which stated that Rohingya citizenship was denied or not recognized as one of the official ethnicities in Myanmar. So, the Rohingya were forced to flee their country to other countries, including Indonesia. This paper aims to determine the dynamics of Rohingya Muslims while in Indonesia. Using qualitative research methods by conducting observations, interviews and data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Rohingya ethnicity in Indonesia as stateless (without citizenship) undergoes a process of acculturation, marriage with local Indonesian citizens (WNI), and developing survival strategies because some have lived in Indonesia for more than eight years. In conclusion, the Rohingya ethnicity while in Indonesia experienced conditions of uncertainty in their lives because they did not have citizenship status and hoped to be sent to a third country by UNHCR. Indonesian people accept Rohingya Muslims to stay in Indonesia temporarily because there is a common Islamic identity and in the name of humanity.
SEJARAH LAHIRNYA KAMPUNG JAWA BAJA DOLOK KECAMATAN TANAH JAWA KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN
Authors: Siregar Dita , . Ponirin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah lahirnya Kampung Jawa Baja Dolok, Kecamatan Tanah Jawa, Kabupaten Simalungun dan Perkembangan Kampung Jawa Baja Dolok Kecamatan Tanah Jawa, Kabupaten Simalungun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian historis melalui penelitian lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik dan alat pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa lahirnya Kampung Jawa Baja Dolok diawali dengan berdirinya suatu kerajaan Batak Simalungun yang bernama Parpagaran. Saat kerajaan ini pindah, masuklah orang Jawa yang merupakan kuli kontrak perkebunan Simalungun dan menetap disana lalu bertambah banyak dan didominasi oleh suku Jawa hingga kemudian wilayah sering disebut Kampung Jawa. Wilayah Kampung Jawa lalu mengalami perubahan nama menjadi Desa Baja Dolok pada tahun 1967 dikarenakan tidak hanya suku Jawa lagi yang tinggal di wilayah itu, tetapi sudah dihuni oleh suku Batak Toba juga sehingga nama Kampung Jawa diganti menjadi Desa Baja Dolok. Selanjutnya, pada tahun 2005 adanya perubahan nama dari Desa Baja Dolok menjadi Nagori Baja Dolok dikarenakan adanya peraturan pemerintah yang mewajibkan nama desa yang ada di Simalungun memakai nama nagori, yang mana arti dari nagori tersebut adalah desa. Perkembangan Kampung Jawa Baja Dolok dapat dilihat dari segi pembangunan fisik desa yang semakin meningkat dengan bukti adanya pelebaran jalan, pembangunan Masjid, dan fasilitas lainnya, dan kehidupan ekonomi yang dapat dilihat dari sektor pertanian terutama padi dan sektor perdagangan, serta kehidupan sosial yang dapat dilihat dari kerukanan umat beragama dan solidaritas yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya kegiatan gotong-royong.
PERANAN ELPIDIUS VAN DUIJHOVEN TERHADAP PENYEBARAN AGAMA KATOLIK DI SIMALUNGUN
Authors: Hutabarat Niko Adriano , Simangunsong Lister Eva
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang proses penyebaran Agama Katolik oleh Elpidius van Duijhoven, untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi religi masyarakat Simalungun khususnya Saribudolok sebelum dan sesudah kedatangan Elpidius van Duijhoven , untuk mengetahui apa saja peranan yang dilakukan Pastor Elpidius dalam menyebarkan Agama Katolik di Simalungun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Historis dengan data kualitatif. Dengan mengumpulkan data-data, penulis melakukan penelitian kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan buku-buku, dokumen, dan sejenisnya. Selain itu untuk mendukung data, penulis juga melakukan penelitian lapangan dengan observasi,wawancara dan data dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka diketahui bahwa sebelum Pastor Elpidius datang ke Simalungun, masyarakat Simalungun khususnya Saribudolok saat itu sudah memiliki aliran kepercayaan sendiri,Setelah kedatangan Pastor Elpidius sejak tahun 1934, masyarakat Saribudolok berangsur-angsur mau menerima Agama Katolik. Agama Katolik pertama kali disebarkan Di Sabah Dua kemudian Sirpang Sigodang, Pematang Raya, Pematang Purba kemudian ke Haranggaol,  Saribudolok hingga ke Karo dan  Aceh Tenggara. Berbagai peranan yang dilakukan PastorElpidius antara lain Mendirikan Gereja di Purba Hinalang dan Saribudolok serta sekolah.
Mirroring de trabajos colaborativos mediados por tecnologías: pautas a considerar
Authors: Eraña Bonacchi Noelia Daniela
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta un resumen de la bibliografía revisada en referencia a la utilización de Mirroring como herramienta de seguimiento de actividades colaborativas y brinda sugerencias para su implementación. Se analizó información que orienta la inserción de esta herramienta teniendo en cuenta los conceptos de evaluación en proceso y evaluación final. Luego, se contrastaron propuestas relacionadas con la selección de indicadores de seguimiento teniendo en cuenta los conceptos de participación individual y construcción grupal. Finalmente, se consideraron opciones de diseño y soporte del material y su influencia en los procesos cognitivos involucrados. El objetivo del artículo es fomentar el uso de Mirroring en actividades colaborativas para docentes que no están aún familiarizados con la herramienta. Al comienzo del artículo se presenta el marco conceptual que valida la utilidad de esta estrategia en el marco de actividades colaborativas mediadas por tecnología. Luego, se propone una reflexión sobre distintas formas de insertar esta herramienta en la propuesta educativa. A continuación, se presentan posibles indicadores de seguimiento y se analizan elementos del diseño. Finalmente, se realizan sugerencias de soporte teniendo en cuenta los procesos cognitivos involucrados. La conclusión integra lo analizado y señala la importancia de una instancia de evaluación de los resultados.
A Abordagem Metodológica da Ciência do Design no contexto dos Cursos Híbridos
Authors: Amorim Joni de Almeida , Alvarenga Cacilda Encarnação Augusto
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo, de natureza teórica e discursiva, busca ampliar o conhecimento acadêmico em Ciências do Design e estimular o interesse pelo desenvolvimento de pesquisas interdisciplinares nesta perspectiva. As Ciências do Design têm como propósito, enquanto abordagem metodológica, promover a construção de um conhecimento científico a partir do desenvolvimento, da aplicação e da avaliação de artefatos. Apresenta-se um exemplo de artefato concebido nesta perspectiva, sendo então discutida a sua revisão no intuito de se conceber um novo artefato. Ambos os artefatos são voltados à melhoria do processo de integração de tecnologias ao ensino. Eles exemplificam o uso da abordagem metodológica, confirmando que ela faz uso de conhecimentos diversos para a compreensão e para a solução de um problema. A crescente utilização de tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação no ensino torna relevante o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que incluam abordagens voltadas à solução de problemas, favorecendo os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. O contexto da concepção e da oferta de cursos híbridos é levado em consideração pois é um cenário onde profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento podem colaborar na pesquisa interdisciplinar.
Philosophy of “Soft Law” as a Universal Regulator of International Relations Management
Authors: ORTYNSKYI Volodymyr , SHAMRAYEVA Valentina , ZEMAN Ihor , LISNA Ivanna , VALETSKA Oksana
Published: December 2021

Soft law is a set of rules and guidelines, the legal force of which is at the “negotiation” stage. It has ap- peared in international law since the 1970s as one alternative to international treaties, used in cases where, for various reasons, the parties do not want or cannot commonly decide or to sign an international treaty. Agreements of this kind do not create legal obligations between the contracting parties (under the princi- ple, contracts must be respected) but only set political obligations, observing which is at the discretion of the parties. The primary purpose of the study is to analyze the philosophy of “soft law” in the context of international management of relations. The principal object of the research is the essence and significance of the philosophy of “soft law” as such. The major results of our research are to determine the essence and significance of the philosophy of “soft law” in the context of international relations.
Language Means of Revealing Postmodern Ludic Absurd in English Literary Text
Authors: BABELYUK Oksana , KOLIASA Olena , SMAGLII Valeriia
Published: December 2021

The fiction politics of contemporaneity reflects diversified patterns of language forms and their func- tions. This has brought to life experimental (postmodernist) writing the key principles of intertextuality, fragmentation, destruction, play. Postmodernist aesthetics caused a blurring of traditional genre canons that led to contamination of syncretic genre compounds through a grotesque transformation of traditional genre models and created an „estrangement? effect. The phenomenon of ludic absurd is viewed in three as- pects: 1) linguo-philosophical; 2) cognitive; 3) poetic. The present study focuses on the analysis of ludic absurd; the role of graphic, phonetic, morphemic, word-forming, syntactical, semantic mechanisms, based on the intentional deviation of language norm, play on words; cognitive mechanisms, generated by ad-hoc way of thinking. The conducted linguopoetic analysis of American postmodern short stories suggests that ludic absurd as a stylistic device of postmodern poetics manifests itself at all language levels (lexical, syn- tactic, semasiological, and textual) and is realized via the semantic asymmetry of lexical units, using illog- ical, but grammatically correct syntactic constructions, syntactic mismatch of sentences and whole text fragments.
Prospects for further studies consist in clarifying the pragmatic role of ludic absurd in the postmodern literary text; expanding the taxonomy of lexico-semantic, stylistic, and syntactic and paragraphemic means of ludic absurd.
Mythological Consciousness as a Form of Social Consciousness
Authors: MALAKHOV Valery , SIGALOV Konstantin , LANOVAYA Galina
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of the article is to explain the actual role of mythological consciousness in the mod- ern spiritual life of society, thereby overcoming the generally sceptical, if not negative, attitude towards mythologisation in modern social science.
The subject of the article is nature and forms of mythological consciousness. The authors? premise is
that rather than being a collection of myths, mythological consciousness is an independent way of spiritual penetration into the world, the transformation of the sensually perceivable and the sign-symbolical reality into an inseparable whole. Mythological consciousness is interpreted as an immanent component of social consciousness. A special role is assigned to the centres of mythological consciousness, in which its nature is encoded. Mythologemes, archetypes and mentality are kinds of a link between social consciousness and social unconsciousness.
By revealing the mythological nature of ideas, values, images, symbols, and signs as unavoidable forms through which worldview mindsets and conceptual pillars of modern science are formed, we find ways to unleash their true intellectual and spiritual potential.
The final result of the article is the validity of the statement that the ideological structure of modern so- cial thought is its mythological component.
Assessment of Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Nepal’s Construction Sector based on Selected Construction Projects
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal, Thapa Priyanka
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic as declared by World Health Organization (WHO) is causing severe impacts in almost all aspects of life in Nepal. In response to this pandemic, Nepal Government announced a country-wide lockdown from 24th March 2020 and ended on 21st July 2020. Coronavirus pandemic is an unprecedented event affecting almost every aspect of the construction sector in Nepal. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on Nepal’s construction sector based on selected construction projects. For this purpose, a case study of five ongoing construction projects was taken into account and questionnaires were distributed to responsible officials (client, consultant and contractor) of those projects. This study intended to find out the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on supply-demand trend analysis, cost and time of construction projects. Besides, this study also intends to find the contractual issues and claims associated with COVID-19 lockdown. The study reveals that COVID-19 caused serious disruption to the supply chain. Subsequently, project cost and time increases due to uncertainty regarding the availability of subcontractors/ suppliers/labour. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown however varies with the nature, scale and size of the project. Besides, the study also implies that contractual disputes are likely to increase due to lockdown. Each contract and its conditions have to be carefully analyzed to determine a party’s specific entitlement. There is uncertainty as to when the situation becomes normal and construction work can be carried out with optimum efficiency.
An Assessment of Safety Culture in Building Construction Project (A Case Study of Federal Secretariat Construction and Management Office, Sano Gaucharan, Kathmandu)
Authors:   Engineer, Urban Development and Building Office, Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal, Basnet Biswas
Published: December 2021

The construction industry is a very dangerous industry. Safe and healthy working condition in construction is created with safety practices. Safety is one of the major performance indicators of any construction project. The overall objective of the research was to assess safety culture in building construction project undertaken by Federal Secretariat Construction and Management Office, Sano Gaucharan, Kathmandu. To meet the objective, primary data were collected. Questionnaire survey and field observations were done to collect primary data. Data were analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS and results were analyzed and discussed. From this research, it was found that knowledge of workers about safety practice was satisfactory. However they were found to be unaware about contractual provision about safety. Basic safety culture like provision of drinking water, first aid kits, etc. was found to be well practiced. However safety culture provision likesafety training, safety meeting and appointment of safety engineer were not found to be practiced. Workers safety responsibilities, use of PPE, good house keeping, increment of budget on safety facilities, arrangement of safety training and education, enforcement of safety regulations, appointment of safety engineer, equipment and tool inspection, inspection of safety provision before commencement of works, construction safety plan, construction safety meeting and incident investigation significantly contribute for prevention and control of accidents.
Environmental Impacts of Concrete in Chemical Parameters of Soil
Authors:   Associate Professor, Madan Bhandari Memorial Academy Nepal, Urlabari 3, Morang, Nepal, Mishra Anjay Kumar
Published: December 2021

Cement is a major construction material used in civil engineering works due to which its demand is very high. Increase in concrete use has both advantages and disadvantages. Cement materials used is directly or indirectly related to raw material use, energy consumption, air emissions, water pollution, solid waste, health concerns etc. To study direct environmental impact of cement use, soil samples of mass concreted area were collected and change in selected soil parameters were examined from laboratory experiments. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, organic matter, soil texture and moisture content of soil samples were obtained from the lab. Each soil parameters were compared with acceptable range for normal soil.
A Calculation Method for the Deformation Behavior of Warp-Knitted Fabric
Authors: Liu Haisang , Jiang Gaoming , Dong Zhijia , Jin Shuai
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a new method to simulate the structure and loop deformation behavior of double-bar reflex-lapping warp-knitted fabrics based on the structural characteristics is proposed. A simplified mass-spring model was built in which loops knitted by filaments were considered as particles with the uniform mass distribution connected by structure springs for overlaps and shear springs for underlaps. Deformation forces and direction on particles were analyzed to describe the displacement and deformation behavior of particles. A loop model with eight control points was established, and the relationship between control points and particles was studied combining the quadratic Bezier curves. The deformation simulation was implemented by a simulator program with C# and JavaScript via web technology on Visual Studio 2015. The stereoscopic sense of filaments was realized by changing the direction and intensity of the light. The results show that the fabric deformation and the loop shape can be accurately achieve using the simplified mass-spring model compared with the real sample.
Factors determining the operational self-sufficiency of microfinance institutions
Authors: Hadžiahmetović Nejra
Published: December 2021

The main aim of this paper is to explore the factors determining Microfinance institutions (MFIs) self-sufficiency. The data on selected variables for this research were obtained from the public MIX Market Database and cover the year of 2017. The empirical model is constructed with application of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Logistic regression analysis. Sample is consisted of 342 MFIs from all around the world, with 21 independent variables grouped into eight factors/components, and OSS (operational self-sufficiency) as dependent variable. The obtained results suggest that higher revenue and MFIs profitability combined with decrease of credit risk lead to higher probability of MFI to be self-sufficient. These results also confirm widespread belief that MFIs will not be able to achieve their social goals without achieving sustainable profitability. In addition, results also confirm importance of MFIs core mission as with increase in outreach, probability of MFIs achieving self-sustainability also increases.
Salt and Drought Effect on Germination and Initial Growth of Lavandula stoechas: A Potential Candidate for Rehabilitation of the Mediterranean Disturbed Coastal Lands
Authors: Dadach Mohammed , Benajaoud Ali , Mehdadi Zoheir
Published: December 2021

Information relating to germination and seedling emergence of a plant aids in determining the species spatiotemporal distribution and also facilitates in designing appropriate plant management strategies within an ecosystem. Lavandula stoechas L. (Lamiaceae), a naturally occurring shrub, is particularly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This species, indeed, has the potential for rehabilitation of degraded costal lands. However, various aspects of its seed biology have not yet been recognised. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of different soluble salts (NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and Na2SO4) and drought (as simulated by polyethylene glycol, [PEG]6000) on seed germination patterns and early seedling growth responses. Seeds treated with five iso-concentration (0–100 mM) salinities and five PEG6000 (0 to −1 MPa) levels were incubated in a controlled germinator set at 20°C. The preliminary results revealed that seeds of L. stoechas lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundantly (89.2% germination) and fast (7.4% day−1) in the absence of stress. Regardless of the kind of salt applied, the germination percentage (GP) and germination rate index (GRI) fell significantly with increasing salinity, and germination ceased completely at 100 mM Na2SO4. In fact, the salinity tolerance index (STI) showed that, among all salts tested, Na2SO4 appeared to have more inhibitory action on germination. In addition, L. stoechas was found to be tolerant to moderate salty stress (<50 mM) in early growth phase. The salt solution parameters (i.e. concentration, electrical conductivity [EC] and salt content) were best correlated with seed/seedling metrics. pH was not a good predictor for salt effects at the germination/seedling stages. Overall, this species seems to be sensitive to drought at the germination and initial growth phases. The germination recovery potential of L. stoechas in both stresses stipulates that this species can be regarded as a promising candidate in the rehabilitation of Mediterranean disturbed coastal habitats.
Great Tits’, Parus major (Passeriformes, Turdidae), Diet in Transformed Forest Ecosystems of Northeastern Ukraine
Authors: Yuzyk Diana , Chaplyhina Angela
Published: December 2021

The diet spectrum of the great tit (Parus major L., 1758) was studied in transformed forests of northeastern Ukraine. Four forest ecosystems were surveyed: four model sites in oak woodlands and in a pine–oak forest with different stages of recreational digression. Forty-seven taxa of invertebrates (n = 325) were detected in the ration of great tit chicks. Insecta (72.4%): Lepidoptera (seven families, 35.9%), Hymenoptera (two families, 21.0%), Diptera (seven families, 2.7%) and Coleoptera (four families, 1.8%) were among them. In terms of the qualitative composition of invertebrates (20 species, 42.6%) and the proportion of seized food objects (159 objects), phytophages prevailed. The food composition of great tit chicks was the most similar in territories MS1 and MS4. It contained six common taxa for these territories (Stugren–Radulescu Index = 0.7, Jaccard = 0.2, Sorensen = 0.3).
Four major literary code-switching strategies in Hungarian literature. Decoding monolingualism
Authors: Domokos Johanna , Deganutti Marianna
Published: December 2021

The field of literary multilingualism has quickly grown over the last decades. Multiple studies have examined the way linguistic diversity manifests itself in literature by focusing on specific strategies such as code-switching, code-mixing, code-shifting, hybridization, etc. However, the current understanding of multilingual practices is still dominated by a remarkable terminological inconsistency. In this article, we provide a new theoretical framework called ‘literary code-switching’ (Domokos 2018–2020), that can be used to examine most literary multilingual practices – from the most hidden or latent to the more manifest ones. This formulation, which is scaled into degrees from 0 to 5, will be applied to some key examples taken from the works of Imre Madách, Mihály Tompa, Imre Oravecz, Attila Jász, Ferenc Karinthy, Terézia Mora and Anne Tardos. The aim of picking up these heuristic examples from Hungarian literature is to point towards the necessity of investigating literature more systematically according to its hidden and manifest linguistic diversity.