bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is microdosing a placebo? A rapid review of low-dose LSD and psilocybin research
Authors: Polito Vince , Liknaitzky Paul
Published: June 2024

Some recent research and commentary have suggested that most or all the effects reported by people who microdose psychedelics may be explained by expectations or placebo effects. In this rapid review, we aimed to evaluate the strength of evidence for a placebo explanation of the reported effects of microdosing. We conducted a PubMed search for all studies investigating psychedelic microdosing with controlled doses and a placebo comparator. We identified 19 placebo-controlled microdosing studies and summarised all positive and null findings across this literature. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials. The reviewed papers indicated that microdosing with LSD and psilocybin leads to changes in neurobiology, physiology, subjective experience, affect, and cognition relative to placebo. We evaluate methodological gaps and challenges in microdosing research and suggest eight reasons why current claims that microdosing is predominately a placebo are premature and possibly wrong: (1) there have been only a small number of controlled studies; (2) studies have had small sample sizes; (3) there is evidence of dose-dependent effects; (4) studies have only investigated the effects of a small number of doses; (5) the doses investigated may have been too small; (6) studies have looked only at non-clinical populations; (7) studies so far have been susceptible to selection bias; and (8) the measured impact of expectancy is small. Considering the available evidence, we conclude that it is not yet possible to determine whether microdosing is a placebo.
Quadriceps Tendon Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients: 3-Year Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Cordasco Frank A. , Hidalgo Perea Sofia , Uppstrom Tyler J. , Chipman Danielle E. , Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Aitchison Alexandra Hunter , Lijesen Emilie , Ann Asaro Lori , Green Daniel W.
Published: June 2024

Background:

The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in active, skeletally immature patients is increasing. Although hamstring tendon autograft (HTA) was previously deemed the gold standard, recent studies have shown HTA to have a high failure rate in this high-risk population of young competitive athletes, and quadriceps tendon autograft (QTA) has yielded excellent preliminary outcomes in some studies examining this population.

Purpose:

To evaluate 3-year clinical and patient-reported functional outcomes of primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with soft tissue QTA in skeletally immature patients.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Skeletally immature patients who underwent ACLR with a full-thickness soft tissue QTA were included. Preoperative patient and surgical data were collected. The ACLR technique was selected predicated upon skeletal age and included all-epiphyseal and complete transphyseal techniques. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years with successive clinical visits or were contacted via telephone. Patients who did not have minimum 2-year follow-up after 3 contact attempts via telephone were excluded. Information regarding return to sports (RTS) and concomitant or subsequent surgical procedures was collected. Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC), Hospital for Special Surgery Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores were collected.

Results:

Of 85 adolescent patients aged 11.1 to 17.6 years (mean age, 14.1 ± 1.2 years), 2 patients were determined to be lost to follow-up after 3 failed contact attempts. Of the patients included in this study (N = 83), 26 patients (31%) underwent all-epiphyseal and 57 patients (69%) underwent complete transphyseal ACLR. Additionally, 48 patients (58%) underwent concomitant lateral extra-articular tenodesis using the iliotibial band with a modified Lemaire technique. The mean follow-up time was 3.7 ± 1.2 years (range, 2-7 years). Twenty (24%) patients had subsequent surgical procedures, of which 3 (4%) were due to graft failures. At a mean 3-year follow-up, the mean Pedi-IKDC, HSS Pedi-FABS, and SANE scores were 90, 23, and 94 respectively; the RTS rate was 100%; and the rate of RTS at the previous level of performance was 93%.

Conclusion:

Use of a soft tissue QTA for ALCR in a high-risk skeletally immature population of athletes resulted in excellent postoperative outcomes with low rates of graft failure and high return to sport rates.
Factors Promoting Resilience Among Mexican American College Students Who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Terrazas-Carrillo Elizabeth , Garcia Ediza
Published: June 2024

The literature on Latinx intimate partner violence (IPV) among college students has tended to focus on the risk factors for experiencing victimization, with much less emphasis on the potential factors fostering resilience. This study examines the factors that promote resilience in a sample of 90 Mexican American undergraduate college students (mean age was 23.33; SD = 5.69) attending a Hispanic Serving Institution who experienced IPV victimization in the last year. The research question was: What factors are associated with resilience in a sample of Latinx college students who experienced IPV? An analysis of regression with resilience as the outcome measure showed the following were positive predictors of resilience in this sample of Latinx college students who experienced IPV: frequency of religious service attendance, intrinsic religiosity, social support, familismo, and ethnic identity. The study also found two negative predictors of resilience: caballerismo and violence severity. Results are discussed in the context of service provision and IPV prevention for Latinx college students.
Extracellular matrix coated three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone scaffolds containing curcumin for cartilage tissue engineering applications
Authors: Aslani Reza , Mirzadeh Motahareh , Poursamar Seyed Ali , Rabiei Abbas Ali , Setayeshmehr Mohsen
Published: June 2024

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is widely used for clinical purposes in tissue engineering (TE). Since ECM does not have favorable mechanical properties, its use has been limited. Therefore, it is helpful to use synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL) to improve the mechanical properties of ECM-based scaffolds. PCL scaffolds were prepared via the three-dimensional (3D) printing method. Cartilaginous ECM was obtained from bovine femur, and then it was decellularized and solubilized. PCL scaffolds were functionalized using 1,6-hexanediamine; consequently, the scaffolds were coated with solubilized decellularized ECM (SDECM) using two types of crosslinkers; namely, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) and genipin. Genipin-crosslinked SDECM-coated (PCL/ECM-Gen) scaffolds and EDC/NHS-crosslinked SDECM-coated (PCL/ECM-EN) scaffolds were characterized by different tests. Following loading the curcumin (Cur) on the scaffolds, the Cur release rate was investigated. Finally, human chondrocyte cells were cultured on the scaffolds to explore cell viability, cell attachment, and histological studies. Following functionalization via amine groups, 5% SDECM was used to coat the scaffolds, and this increased the wettability and cell viability of the PCL. Genipin crosslinked and coated the SDECM more efficiently compared to the EDC/NHS and led to lower porosity, water absorption capacity, degradation rate, higher cell proliferation, and cell attachment. Genipin-crosslinked Cur-loaded (PCL/ECM-Gen + Cur) scaffolds showed higher cell viability but lower antibacterial activity compared to EDC/NHS-crosslinked Cur-loaded (PCL/ECM-EN + Cur) scaffolds, which may indicate EDC/NHS-induced cytotoxicity. This study elucidates the value of PCL/ECM-Gen + Cur scaffolds as highly biocompatible scaffolds that can be considered a promising tool for cartilage TE applications.
Development of gelatin-methacryloyl composite carriers for bone morphogenetic Protein-2 delivery: A potential strategy for spinal fusion
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Xiaobo , Hu Yicun , Gao Xidan , Yao Xin , Xu Zhengwei
Published: June 2024

To reduce the risk of nonunion after spinal fusion surgery, the in situ transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced toward osteogenic differentiation by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has been proven effective. However, the current biological agents used for transplantation have limitations, such as a short half-life and low bioavailability. To address this, our study utilized a safe and effective gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) as a carrier for BMP2. In vitro, experiments were conducted to observe the ability of this composite vehicle to induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The results showed that the GelMA hydrogel, with its critical properties and controlled release performance of BMP2, exhibited a slow release of BMP2 over 30 days. Moreover, the GelMA hydrogel not only enhanced the proliferation activity of BMSCs but also significantly promoted their osteogenic differentiation ability, surpassing the BMP2 effects. To investigate the potential of the GelMA-BMP2 composite vehicle, a rabbit model was employed to explore its ability to induce in situ intervertebral fusion by BMSCs. Transplantation experiments in rabbits demonstrated the effective induction of intervertebral bone fusion by the GelMA-BMP2-BMSC composite vehicle. In conclusion, the GelMA-BMP2-BMSC composite vehicle shows promising prospects in preclinical translational therapy for spinal intervertebral fusion. It addresses the limitations of current biological agents and offers a controlled release of BMP2, enhancing the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Effect of additives on the performance of extruded polymer composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sakthi Balan G , Aravind Raj S
Published: June 2024

The objective of this review is to provide a precise description of the property changes that occur as a result of additive incorporation into polymer filaments. It comprises of the maximum allowable amount of additives that can be incorporated into polymers to enhance properties effectively, and the favorable and unfavorable consequences of additive incorporation in the parts produced by three dimensional printing by material extrusion. This evaluation classifies the incorporation of additives according to their necessary characteristics, including mechanical, electrical, thermal, and biomedical properties. Additionally, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the difficulties encountered throughout the additively fabricated filaments’ fabrication and during the three dimensional printing through material extrusion processes. In addition, the reasons for the deterioration of the material’s properties subsequent to the incorporation of compounds are elucidated. The study incorporated state-of-the-art literature to demonstrate the effects of incorporating additives derived from natural sources, such as discarded coffee grounds, wood flour, and biochar obtained from woody sources, cork powders, and lignin obtained from diverse plant sources. Additives used in polymers have notable impacts on the material’s behaviors, with certain additives enhancing these properties while others degrade the core characteristics. The selection of the additive type and the level of inclusion significantly influence the properties of the polymer composites. Moreover, the extrusion of customized filaments often encounters numerous challenges. However, by employing optimum printing parameters, it is possible to successfully print parts with minimal defects.
Updates in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Johnson Haley N. , Prasad-Reddy Lalita
Published: June 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 14% of adults in the United States and is present in at least 10% of the population worldwide. Blood glucose and blood pressure control are imperative to adequately manage CKD as they are the only primary prevention measures for the condition. Recent changes in CKD evaluation and medication therapies that modify disease progression and aid in managing complications such as anemia of CKD have emerged, including a newly approved mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, respectively. This focused update on CKD evaluation and management will review the most recent evidence and approved agents to support patients with CKD, including a review of glomerular filtration rate measurement methods such as CKD-EPI 2021 and utilization of cystatin C, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines, and primary literature supporting the use of newer agents in CKD. Checklists for managing blood pressure and blood glucose, CKD-mineral bone disorder, and anemia of CKD targeted for pharmacists are also provided. Additionally, a discussion of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) coverage of agents approved for managing complications of CKD is included.
Identification of damage in steel beam by natural frequency using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Vu Van Tuan , Thom Do Van , Tran Trung Duc
Published: June 2024

In recent times, the efficacy of machine learning (ML) algorithms as tools for forecasting structural damage has become increasingly evident. However, input data in structural health monitoring predominantly comprises normal operational states or states with minor deviations from the initial condition, lacking potentially hazardous states. Consequently, creating a realistic dataset for machine learning models to identify structural damage poses a challenge. If such data were obtainable, it might involve parameters like stress intensity factor range and stress ratio, which are often difficult to measure within real structures. In this paper, ML models, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Random Forest (RF), were constructed to predict the locations, widths, and depths of saw-cuts in steel beams. The prognostications were based on fluctuations in natural frequencies. The natural frequencies under various damage scenarios were identified using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The natural frequencies in the absence of saw-cuts, obtained from the two methods, Finite Element Method (FEM) and Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD), were compared to validate their agreement. Conclusions regarding the selection of appropriate machine learning models, as well as the combination of FEM, FDD, and machine learning methods, will be drawn upon completion.
A history of mental illness among women in the Straits Settlements in the nineteenth century
Authors: Yusof Haszira Muhamad , Enh Azlizan Mat , Mansor Suffian
Published: June 2024

The Straits Settlements, a collective colony under the administration of British Malaya, was a very unhealthy area in the early years of the nineteenth century. One of the most common sicknesses was mental illness, which could not be cured by medicines. The number of women suffering from mental illness was higher than in men, and it was found that there were many internal and external causes. The increasing number of women patients affected the role of mental hospitals, which were not only for treatment purposes, but also for business. This study will discuss the factors causing women to suffer from mental illness, and the role of the asylum for women mental patients in the nineteenth century.
Neonihilism: Meaninglessness and irony in neoliberal capitalism
Authors: Plesa Patric
Published: June 2024

In this paper I propose a novel theoretical phenomenon, neonihilism, which follows a historical and theoretical trajectory from 19th-century nihilism and is distinguishable from another contemporary phenomenon, described as fashionable nihilism. Neonihilism is contextualized to a North American neoliberal capitalist social matrix, with meaning and mental health crises as defining features. I argue that neonihilism produces a sense of hopelessness in tackling the mental health and meaning crises when our neoliberal social matrix internalizes systemic inequities as personal moral responsibilities. Furthermore, neoliberalism has the potential to commodify the darkness of nihilism and transform it into fashionable nihilism, which further obfuscates the possibilities for resistance. I suggest a set of strategies for overcoming neonihilism by shifting from a science of nihilation to an art of nihilation as an ars nihil.
Smartphone technology adoption of university students for distance learning in Pakistan: COVID-19 data-driven decision tree learning
Authors: Jabeen Munazza , Imran Muhammad , Rafiq Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone technology in facilitating teaching and learning in Pakistani academic libraries during the COVID-19 lockdowns. Leveraging a questionnaire, we gathered data on students’ experiences, focusing on the challenges encountered, the usability and adoption rates of smartphones, and their impact on accessing academic library services amidst the pandemic. Through the application of a decision tree algorithm to the analyzed data, our objective was to identify key factors or patterns that influence the usability and adoption of smartphone technology in educational contexts. The study’s findings highlight that both challenges related to smartphone use and perceptions of its usability significantly affect its adoption for academic purposes. Notable challenges include information overload, connectivity issues, and difficulties in locating relevant academic materials. Moreover, the perception of smartphones as reliable and effective tools is crucial, especially concerning the ease of viewing and downloading academic resources. Furthermore, the study reveals that students’ intentions to use smartphones for educational purposes are influenced by their self-confidence in using the technology, a desire to be early adopters, and the degree of information overload they experience. These insights underscore the urgent need to address these challenges and bolster students confidence in utilizing smartphone technology for education. Our research contributes to the body of knowledge by offering new perspectives on the adoption of smartphone technology for academic purposes during pandemics, providing valuable recommendations for policymakers and educators to promote the effective use of smartphones in supporting quality education. This aligns with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education for all.
What is the role of public libraries and books in the everyday lives of adults with intellectual disability?
Authors: Berget Gerd
Published: June 2024

Public libraries have a social and ethical responsibility to ensure access to literature for everyone and provide low-intensive meetings places for a diverse population. Nevertheless, there are certain groups in society that are not frequently observed using the library. This study investigated the use of libraries and books by adults with intellectual disability. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 caregivers and teachers. The main findings were that people with intellectual disability rarely visited the library, among others because the caregivers were concerned about bothering other patrons or did not perceive library visits as a relevant activity. Moreover, few engaged in reading as a leisure activity. Caregivers had no knowledge of adapted books, and these books were not actively promoted by the librarians. Consequently, many adults with intellectual disability were given children’s books instead of adapted, age-appropriate books. The findings have implications for caregivers pertaining to the potential of using public libraries and their tailored collections. The study also shows the need for librarians to promote library services and adapted books and to include a broader variety of users when promoting library services to local communities.
Near infrared spectroscopy models to predict sensory and texture traits of sweetpotato roots
Authors: Nantongo Judith Ssali , Serunkuma Edwin , Davrieux Fabrice , Nakitto Mariam , Burgos Gabriela , Thomas Zum Felde , Eduardo Porras , Carey Ted , Swankaert Jolien , Mwanga Robert OM , Alamu Emmanuel Oladeji , Ssali Reuben
Published: June 2024

High-throughput phenotyping technologies successfully employed in plant breeding and precision agriculture could facilitate the screening process for developing consumer-preferred traits. The current study evaluated the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict visual, aromatic, flavor, taste and texture traits of sweetpotatoes. The focus was to develop predicting models that would be cost-effective, efficient and high throughput. The roots of 207 sweetpotato genotypes from six agroecological zones of Uganda were collected from breeding trials. The spectra were collected in the wavelengths of 400 – 2500 nm at 2 nm intervals. Using the plsR package, the calibrations were carried out using external validation models. The best calibration equation between the sensory and texture reference values (10-point scales) and spectral data was identified based on the highest coefficient of determination (R2) and smallest RMSE in calibration and validation. Of the visual traits, orange color intensity was well calibrated using NIR spectroscopy (r2val = 0.92, SEP = 0.92), and the model is sufficient for field application. Pumpkin aroma (r2val = 0.67, SEP = 0.33) was the highest predicted among the aromas. The pumpkin flavour model exhibited the highest coefficient of determination in the calibration (r2val = 0.52, SEP = 0.45) for the traits considered under flavor and taste. Different models for textural traits exhibited moderate calibration coefficients: mealiness (chalky/floury) by hand (r2val = 0.75; SEP = 1.31), crumbliness (r2val = 0.73, SEP = 1.21), moisture in mass (r2val = 0.73, SEP = 1.26), fracturability (r2val = 0.60, SEP = 1.52), hardness by hand (r2val = 0.61, SEP = 1.27) and dry matter (r2val = 0.70, SEP = 3.10). The range error ratio (RER) values were mostly >6.0. These models could be used for preliminary screening. The predictability of the traits varied among different modes of samples. Models could be improved with an increased range of reference values and/or exploiting the correlations between chemical compounds and sensory traits.
Bloom’s taxonomy—Can evidence-based teaching improve junior medical officers’ knowledge of the mental health and guardianship acts?
Authors: Koessler Trent , Kealy-Bateman Warren
Published: June 2024

Objective

To determine whether a brief educational intervention for Junior Medical Officers (JMOs), using teaching methods aimed at achieving higher outcomes on Bloom’s Taxonomy, significantly improved participant confidence and knowledge in decision making about restrictive care.

Method

JMOs received a teaching session on restrictive medical and mental health care. Groups were randomly assigned to either sessions including a component of modern pedagogical interventions (Think-Pair-Share and SNAPPS), or sessions including a control period focusing on reviewing a condensed summary of relevant information. Pre- and post-intervention measures were recorded for subjective self-ratings of confidence and scores on standardized clinically relevant extended matching questions (EMQs).

Results

There was no difference in subjective confidence improvement between groups; however, the group receiving the modern pedagogical intervention demonstrated significantly greater objective performance on knowledge-based EMQs.

Conclusions

A brief modern pedagogical intervention using interactive teaching methods shows promise for improving knowledge of restrictive care and the Mental Health and Guardianship Acts. In the control group, similarly increased confidence in knowledge did not equate to increased competence on a knowledge assessment. Refurbishing educational interventions presents opportunities for improving clinical outcomes and engaging junior doctors in psychiatry.
Disparities in Identification Between Migrant and Seasonal Head Start and Head Start Programs
Authors: Pedonti Sarah F. , Leech Kathryn A. , Bratsch Hines Mary , Soliday Hong Sandra L. , Able Harriet , Crais Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

This study used a large administrative data set of Head Start programs across the United States, the Head Start Program Information Report (PIR), to explore disparities in program rates of screening, referral, and identification for early intervention between Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) and Head Start (HS) programs. Results from program-level analyses of MSHS and HS disparities showed that MSHS programs screened more children but referred and identified fewer children. Disparities in identification persisted even in the presence of demographic controls and matching on key demographics. Post hoc sensitivity analyses showed that MSHS identification rates were negatively moderated by rurality. Implications to inform policymaking related to early intervention and preschool for children with or at risk for disabilities and dual language learners in rural Head Start programs are discussed.
A Volterra edge dislocation problem in second-order elasticity theory
Authors: Selvadurai APS
Published: June 2024

A displacement function technique has been developed to study plane strain problems in second-order elasticity theory for incompressible elastic materials. The formulation culminates in the development of a single inhomogeneous biharmonic equation of the form [Formula: see text] for the second-order displacement function [Formula: see text]. In the second-order, the isotropic stress associated with constitutive behaviour is governed by an inhomogeneous harmonic equation of the form [Formula: see text]. Both functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] depend only on the solution to the analogous problem in classical elasticity. While there are similarities to the Airy stress function, the displacement function approach enables the evaluation of the first- and second-order displacement fields purely through its derivatives, thus eliminating the introduction of arbitrary rigid body terms normally associated with formulations where the strains derived from a stress function approach need to be integrated. The displacement function approach is applied to develop a second-order elasticity solution to the problem of a Volterra edge dislocation.
The Spatio-Temporal Expression Profiles of Silkworm Pseudogenes Provide Valuable Insights into Their Biological Roles
Authors: Wan Linrong , Su Siyuan , Liu Jinyun , Zou Bangxing , Jiang Yaming , Jiao Beibei , Tang Shaokuan , Zhang Youhong , Deng Cao , Xiao Wenfu
Published: June 2024

Background:

Pseudogenes are sequences that have lost the ability to transcribe RNA molecules or encode truncated but possibly functional proteins. While they were once considered to be meaningless remnants of evolution, recent researches have shown that pseudogenes play important roles in various biological processes. However, the studies of pseudogenes in the silkworm, an important model organism, are limited and have focused on single or only a few specific genes.

Objective:

To fill these gaps, we present a systematic genome-wide studies of pseudogenes in the silkworm.

Methods:

We identified the pseudogenes in the silkworm using the silkworm genome assemblies, transcriptome, protein sequences from silkworm and its related species. Then we used transcriptome datasets from 832 RNA-seq analyses to construct spatio-temporal expression profiles for these pseudogenes. Additionally, we identified tissue-specifically expressed and differentially expressed pseudogenes to further understand their characteristics. Finally, the functional roles of pseudogenes as lncRNAs were systematically analyzed.

Results:

We identified a total of 4410 pseudogenes, which were grouped into 4 groups, including duplications (DUPs), unitary pseudogenes (Unitary), processed pseudogenes (retropseudogenes, RETs), and fragments (FRAGs). The most of pseudogenes in the domestic silkworm were generated before the divergence of wild and domestic silkworm, however, the domestication may also involve in the accumulation of pseudogenes. These pseudogenes were clearly divided into 2 cluster, a highly expressed and a lowly expressed, and the posterior silk gland was the tissue with the most tissue-specific pseudogenes (199), implying these pseudogenes may be involved in the development and function of silkgland. We identified 3299 lncRNAs in these pseudogenes, and the target genes of these lncRNAs in silkworm pseudogenes were enriched in the egg formation and olfactory function.

Conclusions:

This study replenishes the genome annotations for silkworm, provide valuable insights into the biological roles of pseudogenes. It will also contribute to our understanding of the complex gene regulatory networks in the silkworm and will potentially have implications for other organisms as well.
Fertility and Pregnancy-Related Issues in Young BRCA Carriers With Breast Cancer
Authors: Magaton Isotta Martha , Arecco Luca , Mariamidze Elene , Jankovic Kristina , Stana Mihaela , Buzzatti Giulia , Trevisan Lucia , Scavone Graziana , Ottonello Silvia , Fregatti Piero , Massarotti Claudia , von Wolff Michael , Lambertini Matteo
Published: June 2024

Approximately 10% to 15% of breast cancer cases in young women are diagnosed in patients harbouring germline (g) pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in the BReast CAncer 1 ( BRCA1) or BReast CAncer 2 ( BRCA2) genes. Preclinical and clinical studies showed a potential negative effect of germline BRCA1/2 (g BRCA1/2) PVs on ovarian reserve and reproductive potential, even before starting anticancer therapies. The aim of this article is to summarize the current literature on the fertility potential of young g BRCA1/2 PVs carriers with breast cancer and the risk of gonadotoxicity associated with anticancer treatments. Moreover, we describe the available evidence on the efficacy of fertility preservation techniques in young g BRCA1/2 PVs carriers and the safety data on having a pregnancy after breast cancer treatment.
No association between oral contraceptive exposure and subsequent MS: A population-based nested case–control study in primary care
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Noyce Alastair J , Robson John , Giovannoni Gavin , Marshall Charles R , Dobson Ruth
Published: June 2024

Background:

Conflicting data exist around oral contraceptive exposure and subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

To use routinely collected primary healthcare data to explore the potential association between oral contraceptive exposure and subsequent MS in females at population level.

Methods:

We performed a nested case–control study using electronic primary care data, with complete electronic ascertainment from 1990. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between contraceptive exposure and MS, without and with adjusting for age, ethnicity and deprivation.

Results:

A total of 4455 females were included: 891 cases and 3564 controls. No association was seen between oral contraceptive exposure and subsequent MS, or between any contraceptive, combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) or progesterone-only pill (POP) use 0–2, 2–5 or >5 years prior to MS. Conclusions: In the largest population-based study to date, we find no evidence of an association between oral contraceptive exposure and subsequent MS diagnosis.
VR/AR artworks in the museum: Redefining preservation through collaboration
Authors: Aristidou Myrto , Stylianou-Lambert Theopisti
Published: June 2024

The rapidly evolving nature of emerging technologies renders artworks made using such technologies a challenging category of objects to be handled by institutions. This paper presents real scenarios of how art made with Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) is acquired, exhibited and finally preserved by museums and art institutions, presenting a clear picture of a particular period. Though an extensive body of literature and studies deal with the preservation of ‘New Media’, very few focus on the challenges faced by museums and private institutions when it comes to artworks that use VR/AR. We used in-depth interviews with eight museum professionals working in six key institutions that engage with VR/AR artworks, and four artists, who create such works, in order to define current institutional practices, understand the challenges museum professionals face when dealing with VR/AR artworks, and identify the preservation-related concerns of artists working with these technologies.
The effect of microwave irradiation on the molecular diffusion of the ethyl acetate (EA) into the blend of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM)
Authors: Jourabchi Shahab , Ostad Movahed Saeed
Published: June 2024

The rubbers mix to prepare a blend to improve performance and reduce the costs of rubber-made articles. To achieve optimal mechanical and dynamical properties, strong interphases must form between different polymers in a blend. The solvent uptake into the structure of a polymer blend, whether organic or inorganic, is a significant concern in polymer-made articles. In this research, several blends and compounds based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) were prepared. The prepared samples were pre-irradiated by microwaves and immersed in the ethyl acetate (EA) for doing the dynamic swelling experiment. The swelling results were used to determine the molecular diffusion characteristics of the polymer-solvent system. Also, a new method for quantitatively evaluating the interphase between two polymers in a blend was developed using the diffusion characteristics obtained from the swelling experiments. To validate the findings, conventional analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed. The diffusion parameters found in the study were used to determine the degradation mechanism of the immersed SBR/EPDM blend in an organic (EA) solvent and also, to develop a new technique for efficient separation of EA from a solution. In addition, the EPDM/SBR blend with a 20/80 wt ratio at 25°C associated with the lowest interphase showed the highest solvent uptake.
Computational creativity issues in generative design and digital fabrication of complex 3D meshes
Authors: Roncoroni Umberto Luigi , Crousse de Vallongue Veronica , Centurion Bolaños Octavio
Published: June 2024

This article describes generative algorithms and Digital Fabrication techniques with organic materials to create complex 3D objects for industrial design, sculpture, and architecture. Experimental artistic production using these algorithms concluded with a solution based on programmable meshes, which use identifiers to control the topological characteristics of vertices during the modeling process. On the other hand, the hybridization of analog and digital techniques was explored through fabrication. Comparing artistic production and hybrid techniques with generative AI, we will discuss topics of Computational Creativity in art, industrial design, and architecture. The programmable meshes solution, combined with hybrid fabrication processes, enables an incredible variety of complex forms, stimulates artistic creativity, and provides flexible feedback to bypass some Digital Fabrication issues. Our findings also elucidate the importance of original technology development and cultural identity in fostering creative and culturally inclusive technologies for art and education.
Research on cutting lubrication performance of textured tools considering slip boundary conditions
Authors: Duan Caiyun , Zhu Yaoming , Song Qinghua
Published: June 2024

Adding micro-texture and lubricant on the rake face of tool is an effective way to reduce the friction and resistance between the tool and the chip, which can greatly improve the cutting performance. At present, in the process of cutting lubrication simulation of textured tool, it is difficult to establish accurate simulation model because of the complexity of micro fluid flow and cutting process. In this paper, the micro clearance textured boundary lubrication cutting model is established. The R-SGFEM is employed to solve the lubrication flow field to get the friction coefficient, which is substituted to software AdvantEdge to obtain the cutting results. This simulation method is verified by experimental research and theoretical analysis. Then, the influence of texture geometry parameters and cutting parameters on cutting effect is studied to reveal the interaction mechanism between the rake face of textured tool and chips.
Exploring how military culture shapes veterans’ perception of aortic aneurysm repair: A qualitative study
Authors: Banks C. Adam , Slay Laurie , Williams Beverly R. , Sargent Emily , Alabi Olamide , Jackson Elizabeth A , Spangler Emily
Published: June 2024

Background

Veterans represent a distinct cultural group whose perceptions of illness and treatment are influenced by military culture. The study explores how prior military service shapes Veterans’ assumptions and behaviors in the setting of aneurysm repair surgery.

Study Design

We conducted content and thematic analysis of a case series of 10 transcripts from telephone interviews with older (76.7 ± 4.3 years) African American and White male Veterans now residing in the Southern U.S. who underwent open or endovascular aneurysm surgery at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers or university affiliates between 2004 and2019.

Results

Throughout the continuum of care, Veterans described deferring to authority and not questioning provider’s decisions [“ I just can’t make a judgment on that, because I’m not a doctor”]. Veterans valued commitment and articulated pride in keeping logistically challenging surveillance appointments [ I always took them very seriously. . . If I’m scheduled for something by the doctor, I always make it.”]. The routine structure of VA care aligned with Veterans military experiences, facilitating compliance with doctor’s orders. However, procedural deviations in VA care were disconcerting for patients [“ They haven’t reached out to me in at least three years, since my surgery; I was being seen once a year and then all of a sudden, they just quit.”]. While Veterans praised VA care, they exhibited sensitivity to signs of untoward treatment from clinical and support staff “…my surgeon, he never talked to me before, nor after, no anytime…I thought that maybe that wasn’t right”

Conclusions

Military culture embodies rank, order, and respect, and remains a source of strength and stability for Veterans in their medical care late in life. Cultural competency about how military service has shaped Veterans’ expectations can enhance providers’ awareness of patients’ military mindsets and inform surgeons’ efforts to engage Veterans in shared decision making.
Symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and cycle phase are associated with enhanced facial emotion detection: An online cross-sectional study
Authors: Boboc Bianca , Oinonen Kirsten A
Published: June 2024

Background:

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a depressive disorder affecting 5%–8% of people with menstrual cycles. Despite evidence that facial emotion detection is altered in depressive disorders, with enhanced detection of negative emotions (negativity bias), minimal research exists on premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Objectives:

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms and the premenstrual phase on accuracy and intensity at detection of facial emotions.

Design:

Cross-sectional quasi-experimental design.

Method:

The Facial Emotion Detection Task was administered to 72 individuals assigned female at birth with no premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( n = 30), and provisional PMDD ( n = 42), based on a retrospective Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition-based measure of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Facial emotion detection was examined both irrespective of menstrual cycle phase, and as a function of premenstrual phase (yes, no). The task used neutral-to-emotional facial expression morphs (15 images/morph). Participants indicated the emotion detected for each image within the progressive intensity morph. For all six basic emotions (sad, angry, fearful, happy, disgust, and surprise), two scores were calculated: accuracy of responses and the intensity within the morph at which the correct emotion was first detected (image number).

Results:

Individuals reporting moderate/severe symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder had more accurate and earlier detection of disgust, regardless of cycle phase. In addition, those with provisional premenstrual dysphoric disorder detected sad emotions earlier. A premenstrual dysphoric disorder group × cycle phase interaction also emerged: individuals reporting premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms were more accurate at detecting facial emotions during the premenstrual phase compared to the rest of the cycle, with a large effect size for sad emotions.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest enhanced facial emotion processing in individuals reporting symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, particularly for sadness and disgust. However, replication is required with larger samples and prospective designs. This premenstrual dysphoric disorder premenstrual emotion detection advantage suggests an adaptive cognitive mechanism in premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and challenges stigma surrounding premenstrual experiences.
Unlocking the potential of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy: overcoming challenging anatomy and locations
Authors: Abouzgheib Wissam , Ambrogi Christopher , Chai Michele
Published: June 2024

Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) was recently added to the armamentarium of tools used in sampling peripheral lung nodules. Protocols and guidelines have since been published advocating use of large oral artificial airways, use of confirmatory technologies such as radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), and preferably limiting sampling to pulmonary parenchymal lesions. We present three clinical cases where RAB was used unconventionally to sample pulmonary nodules in unusual locations and in patients with challenging airway anatomy. In case 1, we introduced the ion catheter through a nasal airway in a patient with trismus. In case 2, we established a diagnosis by sampling a station 5 lymph node, and in case 3, we sampled a lesion located behind an airway stump from previous thoracic surgery. All three patients would have presented significant challenges for alternative biopsy modalities such as CT-guided needle biopsy or video-assisted thoracic surgery.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of triple therapy and non-triple therapy interventions for COPD: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Zhang Shujuan , Wang Jun , Li Xuanlin , Zhang Hailong
Published: June 2024

Background:

Some systematic reviews (SRs) on triple therapy (consisting of long-acting β2-agonist, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, and inhaled corticosteroid, LABA/LAMA/ICS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reported conflicting results. As the number of syntheses increases, the task of identifying and interpreting evidence becomes increasingly complex and demanding.

Objectives:

To provide a comprehensive overview of the efficacy and safety of triple therapy for COPD.

Design:

Overview of SRs.

Methods:

Two independent reviewers conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant SRs that compared triple therapy with any non-triple therapy for COPD, from the inception of these databases until 1 June 2023. The AMSTAR 2 and GRADE tools were utilized to assess the quality of the included studies and the evidence for each outcome.

Results:

Eighteen SRs encompassing 30 original studies and involving 47,340 participants were analyzed. The overall AMSTAR 2 rating revealed that 3 SRs were of low quality, 13 SRs were of critically low quality, and 2 SRs were of high quality. No high-certainty evidence revealed a significant advantage of triple therapy in improving lung function or reducing acute exacerbations. However, all evidence, including one high certainty, supported the benefits of improving quality of life. Regarding all-cause mortality, no significant difference was found when compared to LAMA or ICS/LABA; however, high-certainty evidence confirmed its effectiveness when compared with LABA/LAMA. Notably, high-certainty evidence indicated that triple therapy was associated with a significant increase in the risk of pneumonia compared to LABA/LAMA.

Conclusion:

Triple therapy demonstrated notable benefits in improving lung function, reducing exacerbations, improving quality of life, and reducing all-cause mortality. However, it is important to note that it may also significantly increase the risk of pneumonia.

Trial registration:

This overview protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42023431548).
Therapeutic strategies during cenobamate treatment initiation: Delphi panel recommendations
Authors: Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Ben-Menachem Elinor , Klein Pavel , Peltola Jukka , Schmitz Bettina , Thomas Rhys H. , Villanueva Vicente
Published: June 2024

The goal of epilepsy treatment is seizure freedom, typically with antiseizure medication (ASM). If patients fail to attain seizure control despite two trials of appropriately chosen ASMs at adequate doses, they are classified as having drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Adverse events (AEs) commonly occur in people with DRE because they are typically on ⩾2 ASMs, increasing the potential for drug–drug interactions. Early emerging AEs may impact adherence, decrease quality of life, and delay achieving optimal treatment dosages. Cenobamate is an oral ASM with a long half-life which has proven to be highly effective in clinical trials. An international Delphi panel of expert epileptologists experienced in the clinical use of cenobamate and other ASMs was convened to develop consensus best practices for managing patients during and after cenobamate titration, with consideration for its known pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, to allow patients to reach the most appropriate cenobamate dose while limiting tolerability issues. The modified Delphi process included one open-ended questionnaire and one virtual face-to-face meeting. Participants agreed that cenobamate can be prescribed for most patients experiencing focal-onset seizures. Patients initiating cenobamate therapy should have access to healthcare professionals as needed and their treatment response should be evaluated at the 100-mg dose. Patients with intellectual disabilities may need additional support to navigate the titration period. Proactive down-titration or withdrawal of sodium channel blockers (SCBs) is recommended when concomitant ASM regimens include ⩾2 SCBs. When applicable, maintaining a concomitant clobazam dose at ~5–10 mg may be beneficial. Patients taking oral contraceptives, newer oral anticoagulants, or HIV antiretroviral medications should be monitored for potential interactions. Because clinical evidence informing treatment decisions is limited, guidance regarding dose adjustments of non-ASM drugs was not developed beyond specific recommendations presented in the Summary of Product Characteristics.