bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE DES PHLEBOTOMES DU NIGER ET DE SES PAYS LIMITROPHES
Authors:   Faculte de Sciences et Technique de lUniversite Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niger., .N. Hassoumi Sanda A , Mahaman Moustapha L. ,   Faculte de Sciences et Techniques de lUniversite Andre Salifou, Zinder, Niger, Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire EGB2S.,   Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire de Niamey, Niger.,   Centre de Formation et Recherche en Medecine Tropicale, Niamey, Niger., Rabi O. ,   Faculte de Sciences et Technique de lUniversite Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niger., Souleymane I. ,   Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire de Niamey, Niger., Amadou S. ,   Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire de Niamey, Niger., Issa Arzika I. ,   Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire de Niamey, Niger., Maman Karmadini H. ,   Faculte de Sciences et Technique de lUniversite Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niger.,   Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire de Niamey, Niger., Ibrahim Maman L. ,   Centre de Recherche Medicale et Sanitaire de Niamey, Niger., Doutchi M. ,   Faculte de Sciences et Techniques de lUniversite Andre Salifou, Zinder, Niger, Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire EGB2S.,   Centre de Formation et Recherche en Medecine Tropicale, Niamey, Niger., Douma A. ,   Faculte de Sciences et Technique de lUniversite Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niger.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic parasitosis in Niger and some of its neighbouring countries. The vectors of this disease are sandflies, which are unfortunately little known in Niger and some of its neighbouring countries. The aim of this study is to inventory the species of sandfly present in Niger and its neighbouring countries. Methodology: This study is conducted in two parts. The first is a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published on sandflies in Niger and its neighboring countries between the period 2012 to 2022 through Ajol, Pubmed and Science direct. The second is based on a prospective collection of sandflies carried out in the town of Zinder, using castor oil and CDC light traps and morphologically identified. Results: All the sandflies recorded in the systematic review belong to the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, with a species richness of 43. Phlebotomusperniciosus predominates (28%) on the Maghreb pole. However, on the sub-Saharan pole, Sergentomyiaclydei predominated with 53%. A strong association between the Maghreb pole and the Phlebotomus genus was observed (p-value<0.05). The prospective study carried out in Zinder provided six species with Phlebotomuspapatasi (6%), Phlebotomusduboscqi (6%), Phlebotomussergenti (25%), Sergentomyiaschwetzi (6%), Sergentomyiaafricana (38%) and Sergentomyiaantennata (19%). Conclusion: Niger and its surroundings contain a wide variety of sandflies, with a dominance of species of the Phlebotomus genus, which are the main vectors of leishmaniasis. This study also reports the presence of six species in Zinder, including P. papatasi and S. schwetzi, newly captured in Niger.
COMPARISON OF NONLINEAR MODELS FOR DESCRIBING THE GROWTH OF LOCAL CHICKENS RAISED IN TOGO
Authors:   Centre dExcellence Regional sur les Sciences Aviaires, Universite de Lome, B.P. 1515, Lome - Togo., Assota Kossoga Kakom ,   Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), BP 1163, Lome - Togo., Bilalissi Abidi ,   Centre dExcellence Regional sur les Sciences Aviaires, Universite de Lome, B.P. 1515, Lome - Togo.,   Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), BP 1163, Lome - Togo., Badjonama Batimsoga Bougra ,   Centre dExcellence Regional sur les Sciences Aviaires, Universite de Lome, B.P. 1515, Lome - Togo.,   Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), BP 1163, Lome - Togo., Lombo Yao ,   Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), BP 1163, Lome - Togo., Amivi TeteBenissan Kafui ,   Centre dExcellence Regional sur les Sciences Aviaires, Universite de Lome, B.P. 1515, Lome - Togo.,   Departement de Biochimie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Lome, B.P. 1515, Lome - Togo., Tona Kokou ,   Centre dExcellence Regional sur les Sciences Aviaires, Universite de Lome, B.P. 1515, Lome - Togo.
Published: November 2024

Growth is a trait of economic importance in chicken genetic improvement that is often described by mathematical models having biologically significant parameters. The local chicken,commonly raised in rural areas of Togo, is generally described as a slow-growing chicken, but little is known about his growth parameters. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the nonlinear model that best describes the growth curve of local chickens. The Gompertz, Logistic and Richards growth models were used to fit growth weights recorded from 126 males and 150 female chickens using GCFIT program of SIMFIT package (version 8.1.4).Coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), Akaikes information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used as criteria for models comparison. By estimating the highest value of RÂ² and the lowest values of MSE, AIC and BIC, Gompertz model appeared to be the best-fitting model for local chickensgrowth. The estimated asymptotic weight was 1992 g for males and 1367 g for females. Thus, male and female chickens weighed 732.86g and 502.98g and aged 10.57 weeks and 9.77 weeks respectively at inflection point. Maturation rates of the chicks were similar (0.139 week-1 for males and 0.141 week-1for females). The growth parameters of this model may therefore be useful in defining selection criteria for local chickens in Togo.
Computational Thinking Assessment in Primary and Secondary Education: A Meta-synthesis of tools, Methods and Pedagogical Approaches
Authors: Forsström Sanna , Bond Melissa
Published: November 2024

Despite the widespread adoption of computational thinking (CT) across educational levels, challenges persist in its assessment due to diverse definitions, frameworks, and its practical application in classroom settings. This meta-synthesis investigates the assessment of computational thinking (CT) in primary and secondary education, synthesizing evidence from 12 reviews across five international databases, focusing on tools, methods, and pedagogical practices employed in assessing CT, with the aim to outline practical approaches for evaluating CT components. The review delves into the primary focuses of these syntheses, the CT skills and components assessed, and the methods and tools utilized, identifying gaps in current practices. The findings highlight a prevalent focus on programming skills, with less emphasis on cognitive processes and collaborative aspects of CT. The synthesis also points to the need for developing assessment tools and methods that encompass the broader spectrum of CT skills, suggesting avenues for future research and practical application in educational settings.
Enhancing water security through advanced modeling: integrating deep learning and a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm for accurate pan evaporation prediction
Authors: Zerouali Bilel , Bailek Nadjem , Bouchouich Kada , Mawloud Guermoui , Kuriqi Alban , Sami Khafaga Doaa , Alharbi Amal H. , El-kenawy El-Sayed M.
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates and enhances machine learning models for predicting pan evaporation under diverse climatic conditions. Five fundamental machine learning models were employed and tested across four different stations. Subsequent comparisons were made with advanced techniques, including long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. An innovative approach was introduced, combining LSTM with Binary Al-Biruni Earth Radius (BER–LSTM). This hybrid method was benchmarked against other optimization techniques. The BER–LSTM model consistently outperformed other models across all stations and time scales, achieving up to a 97.54% improvement in root mean square error (RMSE) compared to standard LSTM on daily time scales. Compared to simpler models like Multilayer Perceptron and Support Vector Regressor, BER–LSTM showed even more substantial improvements, with up to a 99.03% reduction in RMSE. The BER–LSTM model demonstrates superior predictive capabilities for pan evaporation across varied climatic conditions, offering significant improvements over both traditional and advanced machine learning techniques. This approach shows promise for enhancing evaporation forecasting in diverse environmental contexts.
A comparative analysis of deep-learning models for dam discharge forecasting for disaster management
Authors: Nisha C. M. , Thangarasu N.
Published: November 2024

This paper represents a comprehensive study of dam water discharge prediction using various deep-learning models. The main aim of this paper is to provide a data-driven solution for effective water resource management and thereby controlling the effects of floods and droughts. The Malampuzha dam, which has a spillway, a right bank canal (RBC), and a left bank canal (LBC), is considered for the study. While the spillway helps to control the water level in the reservoir by allowing extra water to flow downstream during times of severe rainfall or high inflow, hence reducing the risk of floods, the LBC and RBC are intended to divert water for agriculture. Altogether, 10 years of consecutive meteorological and dam-related data are utilized for training and testing the models in forecasting water discharge through LBC, RBC, and the spillway. Different deep-learning models, namely, long short-term memory, bi-directional long-short term memory, recurrent neural network, gated recurrent unit, one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), deep neural network, autoencoder, and residual networks are explored in predicting the accuracy of dam water discharge. After testing eight deep-learning models, it was discovered that 1D-CNN performed well in predicting the discharge of water.
Factors influencing job satisfaction among academic and nonacademic staff: The case of SIMAD University
Authors:   Faculty of Management Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Mohamud Ahmed Hassan , Barre Galad Mohamed ,   Faculty of Management Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Mohamud Ibrahim Hassan ,   Faculty of Management Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
Published: November 2024

A gap in empirical research has been identified regarding job satisfaction in Somalia's higher education sector, specifically at SIMAD University. To address this gap, this study aims to evaluate job satisfaction among both academic and nonacademic staff at the university. Data were collected from SIMAD University staff using purposive sampling, with 208 participants completing a structured questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to assess job satisfaction levels, and Cronbach's alpha was used to test the reliability of the data. The findings show that, overall, staff have a high level of job satisfaction, though they expressed lower satisfaction in two areas: appointment and promotion processes and the physical work environment (organizational conditions). Additionally, all factors were positively correlated with job satisfaction. This study highlights areas where employee satisfaction could be improved, especially in the areas of promotions and the physical environment, and discusses the implications of these findings for university management.
ATRIBUIÇÃO DE PAPÉIS PARA O PROCESSO DE TOMADA DE DECISÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Brito Lourdilene Silva , Ferreira Jerino Queiroz , Ferreira Luciana Nobre de Abreu
Published: November 2024

Neste trabalho, avaliamos uma proposta de ensino em que estudantes de diferentes cursos de graduação da área de Ciências Naturais foram instigados a interpretar papéis sociais a fim de buscar soluções para uma problemática fictícia envolvendo a temática Radioatividade. A proposta envolveu a exibição de vídeos, formulação de perguntas, discussões e atribuição de papéis. Investigamos as discussões ocorridas por meio da Análise do Discurso francesa, na perspectiva de Eni Orlandi. Os resultados evidenciaram que os estudantes se apropriaram de suas posições ideológicas e fizeram uso da relação de forças, bem como de mecanismos como a antecipação e o dito em oposição ao não dito, a fim de apresentarem juízos de valor e soluções, considerando diversos parâmetros, como segurança, proteção ambiental e desenvolvimento econômico. Assim, revelaram indícios de um processo de tomada de decisão.
D-ELETRÔNICO
Authors: Nanque Izequiel Orlando , Júnior José Milton Ferreira , Colares Regilany Paulo
Published: November 2024

Os jogos didáticos são ferramentas motivadoras e facilitadoras do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, proporcionando aos estudantes uma forma diferenciada de aprender conceitos e desenvolver valores. Nesse contexto, a presente investigação apresenta como proposta a elaboração e aplicação de uma atividade lúdica para o ensino de distribuição eletrônica. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um jogo denominado D-Eletrônico, o qual foi aplicado em duas escolas de ensino médio, situadas na macrorregião do Maciço de Baturité, Ceará. Anterior à aplicação da ferramenta apresentada, constatou-se a dificuldade de entendimento desses conteúdos por parte dos estudantes nas escolas analisadas. Após sua aplicação, observou-se um notável progresso na aprendizagem. Essa constatação sugere que o jogo D-Eletrônico se apresenta como uma proposta pedagógica capaz de auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do conteúdo de distribuição eletrônica e orbitais atômicos, de uma forma motivadora e lúdica.
CONSUMO DO ÁLCOOL ENTRE ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA
Authors: Santos Celio Natal dos , Ribeiro Elaine Rossi , Garbelini Maria Cecilia da
Published: November 2024

O período acadêmico representa um momento de maior exposição à experimentação de substâncias entorpecentes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se analisar o uso de bebidas alcoólicas por estudantes do curso médico, de uma Instituição privada, e a relação com riscos inerentes ao trânsito. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e de abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se o instrumento AUDIT. Resultou que 90% dos participantes usam bebidas alcoólicas com alguma frequência; 32% apresentam indicativo de uso problemático de bebidas alcoólicas; 23,3% dirigiram sob o efeito de álcool; 72,5% pegaram carona com um motorista alcoolizado. Fatores como gênero, moradia e quantidade de bebida consumida apresentaram diferença significativa após a aplicação de teste estatístico. Tais dados são importantes para a sondagem dos estudantes quanto aos riscos de dependência alcoólica a fim de se evitar maiores problemas, tanto sociais como de saúde, entre os futuros profissionais da medicina.
REVOLTA DAS SAIAS
Authors: Sucupira Tânia Gorayeb , Vasconcelos José Gerardo
Published: November 2024

O artigo revisitou o ativismo de estudantes fortalezenses contra a cobrança de taxas escolares e tentativa de privatização do ensino público secundarista em 1968. A metodologia passa pela revisão bibliográfica, o escrutínio de matérias de jornais, análise de narrativas de coetâneos do movimento estudantil e a pesquisa no Relatório depositado no Arquivo Público do Estado do Ceará, no qual a diretora da Escola Normal narrou ao Secretário de Polícia sua versão para a expulsão da presidente do Grêmio estudantil, entregando panfletos subscritos por Centro dos Estudantes Secundários do Ceará, União Brasileira dos Estudantes Secundaristas e União Nacional dos Estudantes com conteúdo de subversão à ordem política e social. A aluna banida foi impedida de estudar em Fortaleza e a colega foi presa por agentes do Destacamento de Operações de Informações - Centro de Operações de Defesa Interna. O contraditório emerge das memórias que ressignificaram a narrativa oficial cristalizada no tempo.
PANORAMA DA EVASÃO NOS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA DO IFRN (2006-2021) E OS IMPACTOS DO CONTEXTO PANDÊMICO DE COVID-19
Authors: Nascimento Francinaide de Lima Silva , Lima Neilson Ferreira de , Batista Wilton da Silva
Published: November 2024

O artigo apresenta um panorama do fenômeno da Evasão nos Cursos Superiores de Licenciatura do IFRN, entre 2006 e 2021. O objetivo foi investigar a evolução temporal dos indicadores de matrícula, evasão, retenção, reprovação e conclusão a fim de compreender os Índices de Permanência e Êxito, Efetividade Acadêmica e Taxa de Saída com Êxito. A pesquisa é de cunho exploratório, qualitativa e quantitativa aos dados públicos obtidos no Sistema Unificado de Administração Pública e na Plataforma Nilo Peçanha. As análises ocorreram à luz do Plano Estratégico para Permanência e Êxito dos estudantes do IFRN. Definiu-se evasão enquanto interrupção da matrícula do estudante no ciclo do curso. Constatou-se que o Índice de Permanência e Êxito aumentou, inclusive no ano de 2021 registrou-se um percentual de 77,85%, apesar da pandemia. Este indicador repercutiu positivamente na Taxa de Evasão, que teve uma queda significativa de 81,9% entre os anos de 2012 e 2021.
Development and Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot Using ChatGPT 4.0: Mixed Methods User Experience Study With Korean Users
Authors: Kang Boyoung , Hong Munpyo
Published: November 2024

Background

Mental health chatbots have emerged as a promising tool for providing accessible and convenient support to individuals in need. Building on our previous research on digital interventions for loneliness and depression among Korean college students, this study addresses the limitations identified and explores more advanced artificial intelligence–driven solutions.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of HoMemeTown Dr. CareSam, an advanced cross-lingual chatbot using ChatGPT 4.0 (OpenAI) to provide seamless support in both English and Korean contexts. The chatbot was designed to address the need for more personalized and culturally sensitive mental health support identified in our previous work while providing an accessible and user-friendly interface for Korean young adults.

Methods

We conducted a mixed methods pilot study with 20 Korean young adults aged 18 to 27 (mean 23.3, SD 1.96) years. The HoMemeTown Dr CareSam chatbot was developed using the GPT application programming interface, incorporating features such as a gratitude journal and risk detection. User satisfaction and chatbot performance were evaluated using quantitative surveys and qualitative feedback, with triangulation used to ensure the validity and robustness of findings through cross-verification of data sources. Comparative analyses were conducted with other large language models chatbots and existing digital therapy tools (Woebot [Woebot Health Inc] and Happify [Twill Inc]).

Results

Users generally expressed positive views towards the chatbot, with positivity and support receiving the highest score on a 10-point scale (mean 9.0, SD 1.2), followed by empathy (mean 8.7, SD 1.6) and active listening (mean 8.0, SD 1.8). However, areas for improvement were noted in professionalism (mean 7.0, SD 2.0), complexity of content (mean 7.4, SD 2.0), and personalization (mean 7.4, SD 2.4). The chatbot demonstrated statistically significant performance differences compared with other large language models chatbots (F=3.27; P=.047), with more pronounced differences compared with Woebot and Happify (F=12.94; P<.001). Qualitative feedback highlighted the chatbot’s strengths in providing empathetic responses and a user-friendly interface, while areas for improvement included response speed and the naturalness of Korean language responses.

Conclusions

The HoMemeTown Dr CareSam chatbot shows potential as a cross-lingual mental health support tool, achieving high user satisfaction and demonstrating comparative advantages over existing digital interventions. However, the study’s limited sample size and short-term nature necessitate further research. Future studies should include larger-scale clinical trials, enhanced risk detection features, and integration with existing health care systems to fully realize its potential in supporting mental well-being across different linguistic and cultural contexts.
"Diagnosis of Cardiac Disease and Panic Attacks: Through Wearable ECG Monitoring" (Preprint)
Authors: Oh Hayoung , Maeng Chaehyun , Park Jinsuk , Do Hunmin , Yoon Taejun
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Wearable devices are increasingly important in mental health, monitoring physiological signals like ECG and HRV that reflect autonomic nervous system activity. While extensively researched for heart disease prediction, studies on predicting panic attacks are in early stages. Challenges include data collection difficulties, quantifying psychological factors, and analyzing different panic attack patterns.

OBJECTIVE

To propose strategies for improving panic attack prediction using wearable devices, review methods that precedent studies accomplished in heart disease prediction, and addressing challenges in data collection, model development, and ethical considerations.

METHODS

We propose a robust data collection and preprocessing protocol using wearable devices for long-term ECG and HRV monitoring. Also, we propose a comprehensive prediction model integrating both physiological signals and psychological factors (stress, anxiety, sleep patterns). Finally, we propose strict data privacy measures and ethical guidelines for handling sensitive personal information.

RESULTS

In this paper, we propose an integration of psychological factors with physiological data for a more holistic prediction model. Implementation of ethical data collection practices, including explicit user consent and anonymized data management.

CONCLUSIONS

This approach offers a practical and scalable strategy for predicting panic attacks using wearable devices. It has the potential to improve the quality of life for individuals with panic disorders and introduce a new paradigm for preventive mental health management. The proposed service is expected to contribute significantly to the field of mental health care.
COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AS A RISK FACTOR FOR COVID-19 IN INDIA
Authors: GUNJAN KUMAR MANDAL
Published: November 2024

Objective: Several patients with components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) like obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia is a risk factor for COVID-19 in India. Aims of our review to bring together current data about components of metabolic syndrome & COVID 19 infection. It specially looks the relation between components of MetS (Obesity, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension and dyslipidemia) and COVID 19. At the time of writing the review is updated till time.  
Methods: Search of literature was done by using google search & PubMed engines for prepare review related to my article.
Results: Patients with components of metabolic syndrome like obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia have increased evidence of incidence and severity of COVID-19. COVID-19 has effect on the pathophysiology of all these components of metabolic syndrome. The control of all these components of metabolic syndrome is important not only for patients who are infected with COVID-19, but also for those without the disease.
Conclusions: It is commonly known that the existence of comorbidities such as increase in BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension is associated with additional severe course of COVID-19. So measurement of components of metabolic syndrome parameters is essential to better estimate the risk of COVID-19 and management and control of these components (BMI, blood glucose, blood pressure, lipid profile) of metabolic syndrome parameters will cause less possibility to occur COVID-19.
THE PATTERN OF RISING AND FALLING OF SERUM CK-MB IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: DANGI BS  , YADAVE BS  , PAL V
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Isoenzymes in the blood are important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in medical sciences for various cardiac diseases, that is, myocardial infarctions. Creatine kinase (CK)-MB is an important Isoenzyme secret when the destruction of cardiac muscle cells takes place.
Methods: A total of 196 myocardial infarction patients and 104 controls were studied in the cardiology department of Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal. Initial elevation of CK-MB occurs after 6 h mean time to peak elevation was 8–24 h and the time to return to the baseline was >48 h in male controls the mean CK-MB level was 19.34±2.83 IU/L and in female the means CK-MB level was 19.32±3.65 IU/L.
Result: The mean value of CK-MB at different time intervals in MI patients where 245.12±64.56 at 8–16 h, 230.50±44.88 IU/L at 17–24 h, 88.33±3.84 IU/L at 25–32 h, 74.50±38.19 IU/L at 33–40 h, and 50.88±2.32 IU/L at 41–48 h.
Conclusion: The pattern of rising and falling of CK-MB provided most valuable about the MI and its timely management. In conditions where reinfarction is suspected, CK-MB may be useful to classify a new event due to its shorter duration of elevation at detectable levels in plasma.
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM: A STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: NIHARIKA  , SAPNA BATRA  , LOVEENA OBEROI
Published: November 2024

Objective: To ascertain the frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) occurrences and the prevalence of aerobic bacterial infections associated with their antibiogram.
Methods: For 1 year, a tertiary care hospital affiliated with Government Medical College, Amritsar, served as the site of this cross-sectional study. Pus aspirates were aseptically taken from 86 consecutive individuals suspected of having SSI using a sterile surgical syringe with a needle and sterile cotton surgical swabs. The specimens were cultivated and placed in an incubator at 37°C for 24 h. The individual strains were then identified using traditional techniques. The Kirby–Bauer’s Disc Diffusion Method was employed to conduct antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Results: Among 1021 patients, 86 were clinically suspected of SSI, and 64 were culture-positive. The incidence of SSI was 8.42%. The most common organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae 34% (17/50) and Escherichia coli 32% (16/50), whereas Staphylococcus aureus 100% (14/14) was the only organism found among Gram-positive cocci. The antimicrobial Profile of Gram-positive isolates showed maximum sensitivity to linezolid (100%), followed by erythromycin (85.7%). The antimicrobial profile of lactose fermenters revealed maximum sensitivity to polymyxin (100%). Antibiogram of Proteus species showed maximum sensitivity to meropenem (100%) and ceftazidime tazobactam (100%). Non-fermenters showed 100% polymyxin and 80% sensitivity to aztreonam.
Conclusion: Our study has revealed significant findings. The incidence of SSI was found to vary between 8% and 12% in our tertiary care center. K. pneumoniae 26.5% (17/64) and E. coli 25% (16/64) were the most common organisms isolated. S. aureus 21.2% (14/64) was the only organism found among Gram-positive cocci. SSI below waist surgery was far more 75% (48/64) than above waist surgery of 25% (16/64).
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP IN TERTIARY HEALTH CARE TEACHING MEDICAL INSTITUTION IN CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: NATH MANJUSHA  , SHARMA DEEPAK  , NATH SOM
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to mitigate the impact of antimicrobial resistance and ensure continued access to effective treatments for bacterial infections. This study was undertaken to explore the hospital status of antibiotic prescription and evaluate the impact of antibiotic stewardship in clinical wards of tertiary health care settings.
Methods: This is hospital-based observational prospective study carried out in a tertiary health care settings. All patients of either sex of any age who came in outpatient department and admitted in inpatient department of medicine, orthopedics, surgery, and pediatric departments and prescribed antibiotics were selected randomly in the study.
Results: Study response rate was male predominance (57%). Empiric antimicrobials were mainly prescribed orally (47.3%), significantly higher than injectable route (22.8%) (p<0.001), while the majority were not given an empiric antibiotic by a clinical expert. A significantly high number of patients were prescribed injectable 1st Antimicrobial after surgery/culture, namely, injectable piperacillin+tazobactum (35.5%), followed by injectable cephalosporin (34.0%), amikacin injection/4.5%, and injection carbapenem/1.8% (p<0.001). Its frequency is significantly high with BD dose (66.8%) and the majority prescribed for period of 6–10 days (63.5%) followed by 1–6 days (19.5%) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: As all prescriptions got optimal dose and duration of therapy, the stay of patients in the hospital was following Indian Council of Medical Research (2019) guideline therefore, it can thus be said that the results of this study revealed precise prescribing pattern of antibiotics. However, emphasis on information technology staff and patient education is vital in incorporating stewardship protocols. Emphasizing the importance of conducting antibiotic time-outs within 48–72 h is crucial for reassessing the necessity and choice of antibiotics. Such stewardship studies are instrumental in monitoring patterns of antibiotic usage and aid in future policy-making steps.
ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT (TPC), TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT (TFC) AND ANTIDIARRHEAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA TUBER EXTRACT
Authors: MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM  , DIPANKAR CHAKRABORTY  , SREEBASH CHANDRA BHATTACHARJEE  , MD. HASAN ALI  , MD. FARHAD SARKER  , MD. SAMRAT MOHAY MENUL ISLAM
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical screening of the tuber of Dioscorea bulbifera extract, evaluate its antioxidant capacity, and assess its anti-diarrheal activity.
Methods: In this research, we reported the phytochemical screening, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activity of methanol, acetone, and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts. The qualitative phytochemical assessment of the bioactive extracts of the tuber of Dioscorea bulbifera was done. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were also determined. The scavenging activity of D. bulbifera was determined by DPPH assay. The antidiarrheal activity was experimented by the castor oil-induced diarrhea method.
Results: TPC of Acetone, Methanol & DCM extract of D. bulbifera was 537.2, 352.7, and 79.12 μgGAE/ml, respectively, and TFC of those extracts were 2.96, 1.08, and 0.35 mgQE/g, respectively. The Acetone extract of D. bulbifera (IC50 27.99 μg/ml) showed the highest antioxidant activity. Antidiarrheal properties of the three extracts were tested at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg per body weight (bw) in mice. The methanol and DCM extracts showed an important antidiarrheal activity by curbing 69.56% and 86.95% of diarrheal faces at the doses of 600 and 300 mg/kg/bw, respectively.
Conclusion: Since the current study implies that the plant extracts gave significant results for Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant, and Phytochemical analysis, the tuber of D. bulbifera may contain therapeutic potential compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. These results moderate more investigation for the potential discovery of new natural bioactive compounds from this medicinal plant.
ESTIMATION OF NUTRITIVE VALUE OF “NANNARI KANJI” AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, A RESPIRATORY PATHOGEN BY IN VITRO METHOD
Authors: SOWMYA S  , SUDHA REVATHY S  , MEENAKUMARI R
Published: November 2024

Objective: To estimate the nutritive value of Nannari Kanji. To evaluate the beneficial effect of Nannari Kanji against the respiratory pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. To analyze the minerals present in Nannari Kanji.
Methods: Nannari Kanji is a polyherbal formulation prepared using Nannari, Karunguruvai rice, and coconut milk by simple boiling method. In the present study, the Nutritive value of Nannari Kanji was analyzed and its antimicrobial activity was studied in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration against the respiratory pathogen, S. aureus. In addition to that mineral analysis was performed using the ICP-OES instrument.
Results: In the nutritive analysis, protein (26.83%) was present in large amounts. The antimicrobial activity showed an inhibitory effect against S. aureus at the concentration of 527.02 μg/mL. The mineral analysis confirms the presence of magnesium, iron, and zinc of which magnesium shows a higher value (192.06 ppm).
Discussion and Conclusion: Nannari Kanji has potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. It has more protein and fat content, which is useful in suppressing respiratory infections. Nannari Kanji contains good magnesium content which is considered to be a good antimicrobial agent.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) AS A TOOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: SRABANI PODDER  , SUDIPTA MUKHERJEE
Published: November 2024

Response surface methodology (RSM) serves as a valuable tool in pharmaceutical formulation development, facilitating the optimization of drug formulations by systematically exploring the effects of multiple variables on desired responses. This methodology involves the design of experiments to generate mathematical models that predict the relationship between formulation parameters and critical quality attributes. By utilizing statistical techniques such as factorial design, central composite design, and Box-Behnken design, RSM enables the identification of optimal formulation conditions while minimizing the number of experimental trials. Across iterative experimentation and model refinement, RSM assists in understanding the complex interactions between formulation components, process variables, and product characteristics. In this review, we discuss the application of RSM in pharmaceutical formulation studies, highlighting its efficacy in optimizing drug delivery systems, enhancing product stability, and ensuring quality control. In addition, we explore recent advancements in RSM-driven approaches, including its integration with computational modeling and artificial intelligence techniques for enhanced formulation design and process optimization. Overall, RSM offers a systematic and efficient approach for developing robust pharmaceutical formulations, thereby accelerating the drug development process and improving therapeutic outcomes.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN LONGITUDINAL CURRICULUM OF MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors: PREET  , NASIR MAHMOOD  , DEBASISH PADHI
Published: November 2024

Objective: Medical education is long and stressful due to academic demands, frequent examinations, excessive workload, chronic exposure to human suffering and death and vast extensive syllabus, and increased psychological pressure due to multiple reasons, all of which can cause burnout, leading to mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate medical students of Rama Medical College, Kanpur, and its correlation with year of medical education.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by providing self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic datasheet and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS 42). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of academic burnout using SPSS. The association of academic burnout with academic year was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The data were also analyzed using analysis of variance.
Results: Using DASS 42, it was found that 11.8%, 16.8%, and 19% experienced mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. 32.5% had mild and 16.6% had moderate anxiety. 17.9%, 22.1%, 9.0%, and 2.0% of students experienced mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe stress, respectively. The percentages of students experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress increased as the academic year progressed.
Conclusion: High prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found among undergraduate medical students. One out of every three students is found to be depressed and about half of the students were reported experiencing anxiety and stress. A clear progression of depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout was observed as the academic year progressed.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF XIMENIA AMERICANA AND TERMINALIA MACROPTERA AGAINST ALCOHOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: BALLO Mahamadou , BAH Sekou , ESTELLE NH YOUL
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the combination.
Methods: Serum liver markers, tissue antioxidant activity, and histological changes in the livers of rats from the blank, negative (distilled water), positive (silymarin 100 mg/kg bw), and test (combination 500 mg/kg bw) groups were measured after 7 days of pretreatment and induction of hepatotoxicity by 10 g/kg bw alcohol every 12 h for 48 h.
Results: Rats in the negative control group showed a highly significant (p<0.001) increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (BT) levels by 281.13%, 221.7%, and 93.44%, respectively, compared to rats in the blank group. Pretreatment with the combination resulted in a highly significant (p<0.001) decrease in AST, ALT, and BT levels of 69.19%, 62.24%, and 41.52%, respectively. The study of tissue oxidative stress parameters revealed a very significant (p<0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase (123.08%), glutathione (131.66%), and catalase (49.01%) activities and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde concentration (59.72%) in the group pretreated with the combination compared with the negative control group. Steatosis and necrosis estimated at 50% were observed in rats in the negative control group. In contrast, necrosis observed in the group pre-treated with the combination was <10%.
Conclusion: These data suggest that the combination is effective in preventing the elevation of biochemical markers and the imbalance of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems caused by alcohol.
CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF COVID-19 PATIENTS ADMITTED TO TERTIARY CARE MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: MURALI T  , GOKULA KRISHNAN  , BALKEES BEVI  , SARANYA  , PRABHU  , SELVARAJAN N
Published: November 2024

Objective: This is a retrospective study done in tertiary care medical college hospital in south India to look for clinico-epidemiological profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This study can help us in identifying the risk factors leading to increased mortality. Hence, identifying these factors can help us in modifying the treatment depending on the risk factors that are present.
Methods: All patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positivity admitted to ICU are enrolled. Data are collected retrospectively by analyzing the medical case records and looking for all parameters, such as age, sex, underlying comorbidity, method of oxygen therapy, degree of severity, and inflammatory markers. All these data are analyzed and compared between survivors and non-survivors.
Results: 81% were male patients in comparison to female patients contributing to 19%. 55% were <60 years and 45% were >60 years. Non-survivors had a mean age of 64.5 years. Average days of hospital admission, ICU admission, and onset of hypoxia after symptom onset were 4.2 days, 8.5 days, and 7.8 days, respectively. Average PaO2 and P/F ratio was 81.25 and 165.9, respectively. The average P/F ratio in non-survivors was 144 compared to survivors having 187. The average high-resolution computed tomography score on admission and discharge was 12.4 and 11.9, respectively. Regarding inflammatory markers average lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ferritin, and interleukin-6 were 462, 618.2, and 130.56, respectively. Non-survivors had increased LDH with a mean of 538.3 when compared to survivors having a mean of 421.4.
Conclusion: This study showed that there is increased mortality with an increase in age, especially >60 years. Severe respiratory failure with P/F ratio<144 had increased mortality. Patients with increased LDH showed an increase in mortality.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE AMONG DIABETIC POPULATION IN THE FRONTIER REGION OF BIHAR
Authors: BHUPINDERJEET SINGH  , REENA KUMARI  , DINESH KUMAR BHAGAT
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice and to identify barriers to compliance with follow-up and treatment regimes.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, M.G.M. Medical College and L.S.K. Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar. It was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty patients were enrolled for the study. Knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was formulated [1]. For fundus examination direct ophthalmoscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp with 90D lens, and optical coherence tomography were used.
Results: In the assessment of knowledge and attitude, 56.92% of participants exhibited good knowledge and a positive attitude, while 43.08% had poor knowledge and a negative attitude regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR). Regarding practice, 43.08% demonstrated good practice, whereas 56.92% showed poor practice. Correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding DR. Among individuals with good knowledge and positive attitudes, 48 had good practice, while 26 had poor practice. Among individuals with poor knowledge and negative attitudes, eight had good practice, while 48 had poor practice. The statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation between knowledge and practice (Chi-square=33.2572, p<0.0001).
Conclusion: A significant correlation between knowledge of diabetes and practice regarding DR is noted. Individuals with better knowledge tend to exhibit better practices related to DR screening and management. There is a notable association between knowledge of DR, attitude toward the condition, and practice regarding DR. Individuals with better knowledge generally tend to have a more positive attitude and thus exhibit better practices toward diabetes and DR management and care.
Analysis of the Promotional Strategies of Private Schools in Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija
Authors: Palapal Erickson L. , Cruz Rafael G. , Lagon Pamela P. , Sumargo Reynaldo F. , Rome Renelyn L. , Fronda Jennifer G.
Published: November 2024

This study intended to analyze the promotional mix of private schools in Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija, regarding marketing communication and the utilization of promotional tools to increase the number of enrollees. It also aims to create a strategic plan based on the results of this study. The study found that all of the participating schools believe that marketing is crucial to drawing in new students and improving their standing as an institution. Due to its cost-effectiveness and reach, social media has become the most popular instrument for audience interaction. However, the amount of money that schools have available for other promotional items, such printed ads, can restrict the extent of their advertising. In order to provide a varied and effective promotional strategy, future plans should concentrate on a balanced budget that supports both digital and traditional media. Growth and competitive positioning still depend on these strategies' ongoing innovation.
Oral Leukoplakia: Present Views on Diagnosis, Management, Communication with Patients
Authors: Sangale krushna Dattu
Published: November 2024

Leukoplakia is a mostly white oral mucosal lesion that has a higher chance of developing into cancer.The review's three main goals are to: (1) shed light on the challenges associated with making an accurate diagnosis; (2) assess the most recent findings regarding (bio) markers that may be useful in predicting the likelihood of a malignant transformation; and (3) assess the most recent findings regarding the best course of treatment for patients with oral leukoplakia. Current Research Results The current state of research on oral leukoplakia is very limited, primarily due to the inadequate definition. There are currently no novel (bio)markers that can accurately forecast the onset of malignant transformation. Treatments, both surgical and nonsurgical, have not yet been shown to be successful in stopping such metamorphosis. Synopsis Randomized controlled research on the many elements of oral leukoplakia can only be carried out if the definition's flaws and the lack of uniform reporting problem have been resolved.
Optimizing Mutual Fund Selection with Fuzzy Logic: A Case Study of Nasdaq Exchange
Authors: Singh Jagdip
Published: November 2024

This study examines mutual fund performance through advanced methodologies, emphasizing fuzzy logic and the Fuzzy Sharpe Ratio. A thorough literature review highlights recent developments, such as the integration of machine learning techniques with fuzzy logic models. The research utilizes data from the Bombay Stock Exchange spanning January 1, 2024, to October 31, 2024, applying the Fuzzy Risk-Adjusted Return method. Moreover, an analysis of major technology companies reveals Alphabet Inc as the top-ranked firm, demonstrating its robust performance metrics and establishing it as a premier investment choice. Conversely, Tesla Inc ranked lowest, reflecting comparatively weaker performance. These results illustrate the competitive dynamics and varied performance levels among leading tech companies, influenced by market strategy, innovation, and financial stability. This analysis underscores the value of fuzzy logic in enhancing mutual fund evaluations and positions Alphabet Inc as a strong candidate for investor consideration.
Respuesta productiva, características de la canal y calidad de la carne de ovinos alimentados con niveles crecientes de frutos secos triturados de Acacia farnesiana
Authors: Zarza-Albarran Miguel Ángel , Olmedo-Juárez Agustín , Mendoza-de Gives Pedro , Ancelmo-Mondragón Jaime , Arece-García Javier , Aviles-Nova Francisca , Albarrán-Portillo Benito , Rojo-Rubio Rolando
Published: November 2024

La presente investigación evaluó la respuesta productiva, características de la canal y calidad de la carne de ovinos alimentados con niveles crecientes de frutos secos triturados de Acacia farnesiana (FSTAf). Se utilizaron 32 ovinos (20 ± 2.5 kg y edad de 70 ± 15 días). Se evaluaron cuatro niveles de FSTAf (T0=0.0, T1=1.5, T2=3.0 y T3=4.5 %). Se evaluó el crecimiento (21 días) y finalización (49 días). Se midió el peso vivo inicial y final (PVI y PVF), consumo de materia seca (CMS), ganancia diaria y total de peso (GDP y GTP) y eficiencia alimenticia (EA). En el día 70, los animales se sacrificaron para determinar las características de la canal (CCa), morfometría de la canal (MCa), peso de cortes primarios (PCPr), pesos de vísceras (PVi) y parámetros de calidad de la carne (CCr). La adición de FSTAf no afectó el CMS, tuvo efecto positivo sobre la GDP y GTP en la etapa de crecimiento (P<0.05). Durante la finalización no se encontraron diferencias (P>0.05) en las variables productivas. Los PCPr resultaron diferentes (P<0.05) entre sí, T1 y T3 registraron los mayores pesos en lomo y cuello, respectivamente. Los CCr, muestran diferencias significativas sobre la fuerza de corte y capacidad de retención de agua a las 24 y 72 h. En el T1 se observó mejor terneza en la carne y en el T3 se observó una mayor pérdida de agua y mayor fuerza al corte. Se concluye que FSTAf mejora la ganancia de peso y el rendimiento de los cortes primarios.