bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trim14 promotes osteoclastogenesis and noncanonical NF‐κB activation by targeting p100/p52 in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lin Xiuya , Sun Yang , Wei Jianming , Wu Jiankun
Published: April 2021

Background

Periodontitis disease infection initiates host immune response, and alveolar bone damage is a hallmark of periodontitis. Bone damage occurs due to changes in osteoclast activity in response to local inflammation. Nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling is essential for inflammatory responses and plays a pivotal role in osteoclast formation and activation. Tripartite motif 14 (Trim14) is a crucial regulator of the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling. Here, we investigated the role of Trim14 in chronic periodontitis.

Methods

The development of immune cells and osteoclast formation was evaluated with flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, and histochemical staining. Proinflammatory cytokines were checked by ELISA and qRT‐PCR. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Also, the cemento‐enamel junction–alveolar bone crest distance was evaluated in the mouse model.

Results

Development of innate and adaptive cells was not impaired from the deletion of Trim14. However, the genetic loss of Trim14 remarkably suppressed RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis, without affecting TLR‐induced proinflammatory cytokines except for Il‐23a expression. The Trim14 deletion also suppressed the activation of noncanonical NF‐κB signaling by targeting p100/p52. Importantly, the deletion of NIK diminished the effects of Trim14 on the inflammatory responses in vivo on chronic periodontitis responses.

Conclusion

TRIM14 may be a positive regulator to promote osteoclastogenesis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion.
Satisfaction measures in pediatric anesthesia and perioperative care
Authors: Chua Graham C. C. , Cyna Allan M.
Published: April 2021

Patient satisfaction is routinely used to assess the quality of care in medicine. In the field of anesthesia, research has been primarily directed toward developing satisfaction measures in adults with little attention paid to the pediatric population. Satisfaction in pediatric anesthesia and perioperative care is poorly understood. We have identified existing satisfaction measures in pediatric perioperative care and examined their similarities and differences. A search of relevant published trials up to January 2021 identified 17 studies using 14 unique satisfaction measures of perioperative care in children. Eleven of these assessed satisfaction multidimensionally while three assessed overall satisfaction of parents with their child's anesthesia. Of the six dimensions of satisfaction identified, all were duplicated to some degree across studies. The dimensions were: “staff rapport and communication” and “anesthetic and nursing quality of care” in eight satisfaction measures; “information giving” in seven measures; “postoperative symptom control” in six; “hospital experience” in five; and “involvement in decision‐making” in three. The most important items from the parents' perspective were: “staff rapport and communication;” “information giving;” and “decision‐making”. No study examined all dimensions of satisfaction. Although all studies questioned parents, only three asked satisfaction questions of the child. No study was analyzed the child's direct responses. In three studies, parental involvement in decision‐making was reported to be important as a satisfaction measure of their child's perioperative care. Of the few existing satisfaction measures evaluated, there is no accepted standard in current practice. Future studies identifying the important determinants of satisfaction in pediatric perioperative care, perhaps also using a Delphi approach with parents, might allow for the development of a patient‐focused standardized measure in this setting.
Diurnal transcript profiling of the diatom Seminavis robusta reveals adaptations to a benthic lifestyle
Authors: Bilcke Gust , Osuna‐Cruz Cristina Maria , Santana Silva Marta , Poulsen Nicole , D’hondt Sofie , Bulankova Petra , Vyverman Wim , De Veylder Lieven , Vandepoele Klaas
Published: April 2021

Coastal regions contribute an estimated 20% of annual gross primary production in the oceans, despite occupying only 0.03% of their surface area. Diatoms frequently dominate coastal sediments, where they experience large variations in light regime resulting from the interplay of diurnal and tidal cycles. Here, we report on an extensive diurnal transcript profiling experiment of the motile benthic diatom Seminavis robusta. Nearly 90% (23 328) of expressed protein‐coding genes and 66.9% (1124) of expressed long intergenic non‐coding RNAs showed significant expression oscillations and are predominantly phasing at night with a periodicity of 24 h. Phylostratigraphic analysis found that rhythmic genes are enriched in highly conserved genes, while diatom‐specific genes are predominantly associated with midnight expression. Integration of genetic and physiological cell cycle markers with silica depletion data revealed potential new silica cell wall‐associated gene families specific to diatoms. Additionally, we observed 1752 genes with a remarkable semidiurnal (12‐h) periodicity, while the expansion of putative circadian transcription factors may reflect adaptations to cope with highly unpredictable external conditions. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the adaptations of diatoms to the benthic environment and serve as a valuable resource for the study of diurnal regulation in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
The bundle sheath of rice is conditioned to play an active role in water transport as well as sulfur assimilation and jasmonic acid synthesis
Authors: Hua Lei , Stevenson Sean R. , Reyna‐Llorens Ivan , Xiong Haiyan , Kopriva Stanislav , Hibberd Julian M.
Published: April 2021

Leaves comprise multiple cell types but our knowledge of the patterns of gene expression that underpin their functional specialization is fragmentary. Our understanding and ability to undertake the rational redesign of these cells is therefore limited. We aimed to identify genes associated with the incompletely understood bundle sheath of C3plants, which represents a key target associated with engineering traits such as C4photosynthesis intoOryza sativa(rice). To better understand the veins, bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of rice, we used laser capture microdissection followed by deep sequencing. Gene expression of the mesophyll is conditioned to allow coenzyme metabolism and redox homeostasis, as well as photosynthesis. In contrast, the bundle sheath is specialized in water transport, sulphur assimilation and jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Despite the small chloroplast compartment of bundle sheath cells, substantial photosynthesis gene expression was detected. These patterns of gene expression were not associated with the presence or absence of specific transcription factors in each cell type, but were instead associated with gradients in expression across the leaf. Comparative analysis with C3Arabidopsis identified a small gene set preferentially expressed in the bundle sheath cells of both species. This gene set included genes encoding transcription factors from 14 orthogroups and proteins allowing water transport, sulphate assimilation and jasmonic acid synthesis. The most parsimonious explanation for our findings is that bundle sheath cells from the last common ancestor of rice and Arabidopsis were specialized in this manner, and as the species diverged these patterns of gene expression have been maintained.
Biochemical and hematologic changes in whole blood from Brazilian horses stored in citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine pouches for up to 28 days
Authors: Dorneles Tagor E. A. , Costa Junior Jair D. , Almeida Ricardo M. , Teixeira Neto Antonio R.
Published: April 2021

Background

Anaerobic cellular metabolism causes a series of structural and physiologic changes during storage that could compromise post‐transfusion viability, reducing the safety of using blood stored for an extended period.

Objective

We aimed to follow the biochemical and hematologic alterations of equine blood stored in plastic bags containing citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine (CPDA‐1) for up to 28 days.

Methods

Whole blood samples (450 mL) were collected from 20 Brazilian Saddle horses into CPDA‐1 pouches and stored between 2°C and 6°C in a blood bank. On days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of storage, blood samples were taken and submitted for biochemical (sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], glucose, and lactate) and hematologic (hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [HCT], mean corpuscular volume [MCV], percent hemolysis [% hemolysis]) analyses.

Results

The only time the blood pH levels dipped below 7 was after D21 of storage, and the levels were significantly lower than those on the first storage day (D0). Potassium concentrations showed significant increases from D7 and then remained increased throughout the experimental period. Chloride and lactate concentrations revealed a significantly increased trend from D7 that was maintained over time. Mean corpuscular volumes increased significantly on D7 and D14 and, thereafter, remained stable. The mean % hemolysis increased on D28, which was significantly higher than D0. No bacterial growth was found in any pouch after 28 days of storage.

Conclusions

Significant and gradual biochemical changes were observed in equine whole blood during prolonged storage. These changes could compromise the clinical conditions of patients requiring transfusion. In vivo studies are needed to evaluate the effects as well as survival rates and efficacy of transfused red blood cells in recipients.
Treatment with chloroquine is retinotoxic in captive African penguins (Speniscus demersus). Attenuation and recovery of electroretinographic responses
Authors: Ross Maya , Avni‐Magen Nili , Pe'er Oren , Berkowitz Asaf , Ofri Ron
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of prophylactic anti‐malarial chloroquine treatment, and its cessation, on electroretinographic (ERG) responses of captive African penguins.

Methods

A brief ERG protocol (“QuickRetCheck”) was recorded under mesopic conditions with manual restraint and no sedation or pupil dilation. Birds were recorded on two separate occasions, first while being treated with a daily chloroquine dose of 10 mg/kg for 12 days (n = 15, treatment group) and second after 4 months without chloroquine treatment (n = 6, off‐treatment group). Three birds were recorded on both occasions. Three other birds from the flock that died were studied histopathologically.

Results

Scotopic responses were unmeasurable in either recording and therefore were not analyzed. Mean a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes of the mixed rod‐cone responses to standard (3 cd·s/m2) and high (10 cd·s/m2) intensity flashes were higher in the off‐treatment group. No difference in implicit times was observed. Sex, age, and number of previous chloroquine treatments did not affect ERG responses. Histopathology revealedPlasmodiumspp.in the lungs, liver, and brain, but not in the eyes, of the necropsied birds, and there were no signs of retinitis or retinopathy.

Conclusions

Daily chloroquine treatment was associated with attenuated ERG responses in penguins, which improve following cessation of treatment. Further work is warranted to establish a chloroquine dose that is efficacious yet has minimal adverse effects. Our results suggest that ERG responses of captive penguins undergoing ERG for any indication (such as prior to cataract surgery), must be evaluated in light of the birds' anti‐malaria treatment status.
Redefining the Origin and Evolution of Chromosomally Encoded
bla
CTX-M/KLU
in the Context of a Revised Taxonomy of Genus
Kluyvera
Authors: Rodríguez María Margarita , Power Pablo , Naas Thierry , Gutkind Gabriel
Published: April 2021

Changes in
Kluyvera
taxonomy may clarify each species contribution for recruitment and dissemination of their relevant β-lactamases. The CTX-M-2 subgroup is linked to
Kluyvera ascorbata
, KLUC to
Kluyvera cryocrescens
, and CTX-M-25 to
Kluyvera georgiana
.
Cage Environment Regulates Gut Microbiota Independent of Toll-Like Receptors
Authors: Lipinski J. H. , Zhou X. , Gurczynski S. J. , Erb-Downward J. R. , Dickson R. P. , Huffnagle G. B. , Moore B. B. , O’Dwyer D. N.
Published: April 2021

The gut microbiome orchestrates epithelial homeostasis and both local and remote immunological responses. Critical to these regulatory interactions are innate immune receptors termed Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
Analysis of the Long-Term Impact on Cellular Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals Reveals a Profound NKT Cell Impairment
Authors: Liu Jia , Yang Xuecheng , Wang Hua , Li Ziwei , Deng Hui , Liu Jing , Xiong Shue , He Junyi , Feng Xuemei , Guo Chunxia , Wang Weixian , Zelinskyy Gennadiy , Trilling Mirko , Sutter Kathrin , Senff Tina , Menne Christopher , Timm Joerg , Zhang Yanfang , Deng Fei , Lu Yinping , Wu Jun , Lu Mengji , Yang Dongliang , Dittmer Ulf , Wang Baoju , Zheng Xin
Published: April 2021

Wuhan was the very first city hit by SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, the patients who experienced the longest phase of convalescence following COVID-19 reside here.
Anaerobic Microbial Metabolism of Dichloroacetate
Authors: Chen Gao , Jiang Nannan , Villalobos Solis Manuel I. , Kara Murdoch Fadime , Murdoch Robert Waller , Xie Yongchao , Swift Cynthia M. , Hettich Robert L. , Löffler Frank E.
Published: April 2021

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is ubiquitous in the environment due to natural formation via biological and abiotic chlorination processes and the turnover of chlorinated organic materials (e.g., humic substances). Additional sources include DCA usage as a chemical feedstock and cancer drug and its unintentional formation during drinking water disinfection by chlorination.
ColdZyme Maintains Integrity in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Airway Epithelia
Authors: Posch W. , Vosper J. , Zaderer V. , Noureen A. , Constant S. , Bellmann-Weiler R. , Lass-Flörl C. , Wilflingseder D.
Published: April 2021

Although our understanding of COVID-19 continuously progresses, essential questions regarding prophylaxis and treatment remain open. A hallmark of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is a hitherto-undescribed mechanism leading to excessive inflammation and tissue destruction associated with enhanced pathogenicity and mortality.
Testing the performance of risk prediction models to determine progression to referable diabetic retinopathy in an Irish type 2 diabetes cohort
Authors: Smith John J , Wright David M , Stratton Irene M , Scanlon Peter Henry , Lois Noemi
Published: April 2021

Background /Aims

To evaluate the performance of existing prediction models to determine risk of progression to referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) using data from a prospective Irish cohort of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

A cohort of 939 people with T2D followed prospectively was used to test the performance of risk prediction models developed in Gloucester, UK, and Iceland. Observed risk of progression to RDR in the Irish cohort was compared with that derived from each of the prediction models evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed models’ performance.

Results

The cohort was followed for a total of 2929 person years during which 2906 screening episodes occurred. Among 939 individuals followed, there were 40 referrals (4%) for diabetic maculopathy, pre-proliferative DR and proliferative DR. The original Gloucester model, which includes results of two consecutive retinal screenings; a model incorporating, in addition, systemic biomarkers (HbA1c and serum cholesterol); and a model including results of one retinopathy screening, HbA1c, total cholesterol and duration of diabetes, had acceptable discriminatory power (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69, 0.76 and 0.77, respectively). The Icelandic model, which combined retinopathy grading, duration and type of diabetes, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure, performed very similarly (AUC of 0.74).

Conclusion

In an Irish cohort of people with T2D, the prediction models tested had an acceptable performance identifying those at risk of progression to RDR. These risk models would be useful in establishing more personalised screening intervals for people with T2D.
Metabolic syndrome, intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease in community-dwelling populations
Authors: Shu Mei-Jun , Zhai Fei-Fei , Zhang Ding-Ding , Han Fei , Zhou Lixin , Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Zhang Shu-Yang , Cui Li-Ying , Jin Zheng-Yu , Zhu Hui-Juan , Zhu Yi-Cheng
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose

This study aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with both intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in a community-based sample.

Methods

This study included 943 participants (aged 55.6±9.2 years, 36.1% male) from the community-based Shunyi cohort study. MetS was defined according to the joint interim criteria and quantified by the MetS severity Z-score. ICAS was evaluated by brain magnetic resonance angiography. The MRI markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), were assessed. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the association of MetS severity Z-score with ICAS and these CSVD markers.

Results

We found that risk of ICAS (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.21, p<0.001) increased consistently with MetS severity. MetS severity was significantly associated with higher risks of WMH volume (β=0.11, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.20, p=0.02) and lacunes (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.59, p=0.03) but not the presence of CMBs (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.16, p=0.51) and PVS severity (EPVS in basal ganglia: OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.09, p=0.51 and EPVS in white matter: OR=1.09, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.23, p=0.21).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that WMH and lacunes share risk factors with atherosclerosis of the cerebral artery, whereas the impact of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder to CMB or EPVS might be weak.
Metastable hypermassive hybrid stars as neutron-star merger remnants
Authors: Hanauske Matthias , Weih Lukas R. , Stöcker Horst , Rezzolla Luciano
Published: April 2021

Hypermassive hybrid stars (HMHS) are extreme astrophysical objects that could be produced in the merger of a binary system of compact stars. In contrast to their purely hadronic counterparts, hypermassive neutron stars (HMNS), these highly differentially rotating objects contain deconfined strange quark matter in their slowly rotating inner region. HMHS and HMNS are both mestastable configurations and can survive only shortly after the merger before collapsing to rotating black holes. The appearance of the phase transition from hadronic to quark matter in the interior region of the HMHS and its conjunction with the emitted GW will be addressed in this article by focussing on a specific case study of the delayed phase-transition scenario that takes place during the post-merger evolution of the remnant. The complicated dynamics of the collapse from the HMNS to the more compact HMHS will be analysed in detail. In particular, we will show that the interplay between the spatial density/temperature distributions and the rotational profiles in the interior of the wobbling HMHS after the collapse generates a high-temperature shell within the hadron-quark mixed phase region of the remnant.
Left is Better Than Right for Reducing Nondeterminism of NFAs
Authors: Ko Sang-Ki , Han Yo-Sub
Published: April 2021

We study the NFA reductions by invariant equivalences and preorders. It is well-known that the NFA minimization problem is PSPACE-complete. Therefore, there have been many approaches to reduce the size of NFAs in low polynomial time by computing invariant equivalence or preorder relation and merging the states within same equivalence class. Here we consider the nondeterminism reduction of NFAs by invariant equivalences and preorders. We, in particular, show that computing equivalence and preorder relation from the left is more useful than the right for reducing the degree of nondeterminism in NFAs. We also present experimental evidence for showing that NFA reduction from the left achieves the better reduction of nondeterminism than reduction from the right.
Linear Bounds on the Size of Conformations in Greedy Deterministic Oritatami
Authors: Fazekas Szilárd Zsolt , Kim Hwee , Matsuoka Ryuichi , Morita Reoto , Seki Shinnosuke
Published: April 2021

Oritatami is a computational model of RNA cotranscriptional folding, in which an RNA transcript is folding upon itself while being synthesized from its template DNA. This model is known to be Turing universal. Under the restriction on its parameters delay and arity both being 1, however, any deterministically foldable conformation is known to be at most ten times as large as its initial conformation (seed), and hence, the model becomes weaker. In this paper, we shall improve the size upper bound from [Formula: see text] down to [Formula: see text] and also provide a system that can fold into a conformation of size [Formula: see text]. These tighter bounds result from a novel graph representation of deterministic oritatami folding pathways. We shall also study the case in which a transcript is trapped in a region closed by a seed and show that under this confinement, the upper bound is further improved to [Formula: see text].
Properties of white dwarf in the binary system AR Scorpii and its observed features
Authors: Singh K. K. , Meintjes P. J. , Yadav K. K.
Published: April 2021

The binary system AR Scorpii hosts an M-type main sequence cool star orbiting around a magnetic white dwarf in the Milky Way Galaxy. The broadband non-thermal emission over radio, optical and X-ray wavebands observed from AR Scorpii indicates strong modulations on the spin frequency of the white dwarf as well as the spin-orbit beat frequency of the system. Therefore, AR Scorpii is also referred to as a white dwarf pulsar wherein a fast spinning white dwarf star plays very crucial role in the broadband non-thermal emission. Several interpretations for the observed features of AR Scorpii appear in the literature without firm conclusions. In this paper, we investigate connection between some of the important physical properties like spin-down power, surface magnetic field, equation of state, temperature and gravity associated with the white dwarf in the binary system AR Scorpii and its observational characteristics. We explore the plausible effects of white dwarf surface magnetic field on the absence of substantial accretion in this binary system and also discuss the gravitational wave emission due to magnetic deformation mechanism.
Influence of doping concentration on the elastic properties and electronic structure of the reduced Ce1−xMx O1.785 (M = Ti, Zr) from first principles
Authors: Jia Huiling , Jia Ru , Wu Jinxiu , Tan Xin , Sun Shiyang
Published: April 2021

The effects of Ti and Zr doping concentrations on the mechanical properties and electronic structure of the reduced Ce[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] were studied. The calculated results show that elastic moduli of Ce[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] decreased, while those of Ce[Formula: see text]Zr[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] increased. Ce[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] that undergoes structural transformation at 37.5 at.% Ti. Ce[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] is ductile material. The degree of anisotropy of Ce[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] decreased sharply at 25 at.% Ti, while that of Ce[Formula: see text]Zr[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] almost unchanged with the increase of Zr concentration. Ti and Zr doping has little effect on the electronic structure of the unreduced Ce[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]O2. Ti and Zr doping reduced the formation energy of O vacancy, and Ti doping was more conducive to the formation of O vacancy. The density of states of the reduced Ce[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] exhibited spin splitting and was magnetic. Zr atom transferred 0.24–0.27 e more than Ti atom to the nearest O atoms, and Zr–O bond has stronger covalency and higher bond energy.
Technology Transfer Oriented to Sustainable Development: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Corsi Alana , Barboza Bertiene Maria Lack , Pagani Regina Negri , De Genaro Chiroli Daiane Maria , Kovaleski João Luiz
Published: April 2021

The process of technology transfer is complex and involves a series of factors and variables. Within this process, it is common that transferor and transferee might face several barriers. Furthermore, processes involving innovation and technology transfer must consider the impacts for the sustainable development. Taking these aspects into account, this paper aims to identify the barriers and opportunities in technology transfer oriented to sustainable development. To reach this goal, a systematic review of literature was carried out using the methodology Methodi Ordinatio. A portfolio composed of 107 scientific articles was built. The results demonstrate the main barriers, among which we can mention unavailability of financial resources or subsidies to obtain or implement a certain technology, and bureaucracy to obtain these resources. On the other hand, some opportunities can also be found, like Clean Development Mechanism and policies and regulations that favour the adoption and diffusion of clean technologies. Thus, this paper contributes to the academy by exploring the interconnections of Technology Transfer and Sustainable Development in the literature. This paper also contributes to the presentation of knowledge resources — information regarding barriers and opportunities to technology transfer oriented to sustainable development — so that governments and decision makers could define policies and strategies for a more effective process.
Role of Knowledge Infrastructure Capabilities in Product/Service Innovation
Authors: Suifan Taghrid , Alhyari Salah , Qandah Ramiz
Published: April 2021

This research explores the direct and indirect effects of knowledge infrastructure capabilities in creating product/service innovation in small entrepreneurial companies in Jordan. The mediating effects of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities and moderating role of innovation culture and emotional intelligence are also investigated. To this end, questionnaire surveys were developed and administered to employees and managers of 29 small entrepreneurial companies, resulting in 202 respondents. Validation and reliability analyses were performed followed by structural equation modelling for hypotheses testing. The results demonstrated the positive direct effect of knowledge infrastructure capabilities on creating product/service innovation. The indirect effect was confirmed as knowledge-based dynamic capabilities partially mediated the link between knowledge infrastructure capabilities and product/service innovation, and this relationship was moderated by innovation culture and emotional intelligence. This research highlights that the innovation culture and emotional intelligence encourage and sustain employee actions. This moderating influence can help better understand the complex nature of product/service innovation. Moreover, the variables used in this study have been thoroughly examined in developed countries, application of this model is deemed appropriate in developing countries such as Jordan to provide empirical evidence from a non-Western perspective.
Global, non-scattering solutions to the energy critical Yang–Mills problem
Authors: Pillai Mohandas
Published: April 2021

We consider the Yang–Mills problem on [Formula: see text] with gauge group [Formula: see text]. In an appropriate equivariant reduction, this Yang–Mills problem reduces to a single scalar semilinear wave equation. This semilinear equation admits a one-parameter family of solitons, each of which is a re-scaling of a fixed solution. In this work, we construct a class of solutions, each of which consists of a soliton whose length scale is asymptotically constant, coupled to large radiation, plus corrections which slowly decay to zero in the energy norm. Our class of solutions includes ones for which the radiation component is only “logarithmically” better than energy class. As such, the solutions are not constructed by a priori assuming the length scale to be constant. Instead, we use an approach similar to a previous work of the author regarding wave maps. In the setup of this work, the soliton length scale asymptoting to a constant is a necessary condition for the radiation profile to have finite energy. An interesting point of our construction is that, for each radiation profile, there exist one-parameter families of solutions consisting of the radiation profile coupled to a soliton, which has any asymptotic value of the length scale.
Commutative, Engel and Solvable EQ-Algebras
Authors: Paad Akbar
Published: April 2021

The main goal of this paper is to introduce commutative, Engel and solvable EQ-algebras. To begin with, the notion of commutators of two elements in EQ-algebras is introduced and several properties of them are obtained. In this paper, the notions of commutative, Engel and solvable EQ-algebras are introduced and some of their properties are investigated. Specially, it is proved that any good EQ-algebra is a 2-Engel EQ-algebra. In addition, the relation between fantastic filters and good commutative EQ-algebras is investigated and it is proved that a filter [Formula: see text] of good EQ-algebra [Formula: see text] is fantastic if and only if the quotient EQ-algebra [Formula: see text] is commutative. Finally, it is proved that if an EQ-algebra separated, then it is a commutative EQ-algebra if and only if it is solvable if and only if it is a 1-Engel EQ-algebra.
A novel indocyanine green-based fluorescent marker for guiding surgical tumor resection
Authors: Ge Jiawei , Opfermann Justin D. , Saeidi Hamed , Huenerberg Katherine A. , Badger Christopher D. , Cha Jaepyeong , Schnermann Martin J. , Joshi Arjun S. , Krieger Axel
Published: April 2021

Surgical tumor resection is a common approach to cancer treatment. India Ink tattoos are widely used to aid tumor resection by localizing and mapping the tumor edge at the surface. However, India Ink tattoos are easily obscured during electrosurgical resection, and fade in intensity over time. In this work, a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent marker is introduced as an alternative. The NIR marker was made by mixing indocyanine green (ICG), biocompatible cyanoacrylate, and acetone. The marking strategy was evaluated in a chronic ex vivo feasibility study using porcine tissues, followed by a chronic in vivo mouse study while compared with India Ink. In both studies, signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios and dimensions of the NIR markers and/or India Ink over the study period were calculated and reported. Electrocautery was performed on the last day of the mouse study after mice were euthanized, and SNR ratios and dimensions were quantified and compared. Biopsy was performed at all injection sites and slides were examined by a pathologist. The proposed NIR marker achieved (i) consistent visibility in the 26-day feasibility study and (ii) improved durability, visibility, and biocompatibility when compared to traditional India Ink over the six-week period in an in vivo mouse model. These effects persist after electrocautery whereas the India Ink markers were obscured. The use of a NIR fluorescent presurgical marking strategy has the potential for intraoperative tracking during long-term treatment protocols.
Implementing insider defenses
Authors: Grosse Eric , Schneider Fred B. , Millett Lynette L.
Published: April 2021

How to avoid insider cyber-attacks by creating a corporate culture that infuses trust.
Let's be honest
Authors: Dershowitz Nachum
Published: April 2021

Seeking to rectify the two mutually exclusive ways of comparing computational power---encoding and simulation.
Adaptive Precision Block-Jacobi for High Performance Preconditioning in the Ginkgo Linear Algebra Software
Authors: Flegar Goran , Anzt Hartwig , Cojean Terry , Quintana-Ortí Enrique S.
Published: April 2021

The use of mixed precision in numerical algorithms is a promising strategy for accelerating scientific applications. In particular, the adoption of specialized hardware and data formats for low-precision arithmetic in high-end GPUs (graphics processing units) has motivated numerous efforts aiming at carefully reducing the working precision in order to speed up the computations. For algorithms whose performance is bound by the memory bandwidth, the idea of compressing its data before (and after) memory accesses has received considerable attention. One idea is to store an approximate operator–like a preconditioner–in lower than working precision hopefully without impacting the algorithm output. We realize the first high-performance implementation of an adaptive precision block-Jacobi preconditioner which selects the precision format used to store the preconditioner data on-the-fly, taking into account the numerical properties of the individual preconditioner blocks. We implement the adaptive block-Jacobi preconditioner as production-ready functionality in the Ginkgo linear algebra library, considering not only the precision formats that are part of the IEEE standard, but also customized formats which optimize the length of the exponent and significand to the characteristics of the preconditioner blocks. Experiments run on a state-of-the-art GPU accelerator show that our implementation offers attractive runtime savings.
A traffic cop for low earth orbit
Authors: Kirkpatrick Keith
Published: April 2021

Who will be the space traffic controller for orbiting objects?
CS unplugged or coding classes?
Authors: Bell Tim
Published: April 2021

Perhaps a more appropriate question is 'Why not both'?
The Social and Sociological Consequences of China's One-Child Policy
Authors: Cai Yong , Feng Wang
Published: April 2021

China's one-child policy is one of the largest and most controversial social engineering projects in human history. With the extreme restrictions it imposed on reproduction, the policy has altered China's demographic and social fabric in numerous fundamental ways in its nearly four decades (1979–2015) of existence. Its ramifications reach far beyond China's national borders and the present generation. This review examines the policy's social consequences through its two most commonly invoked demographic concerns: elevated sex ratio and rapid population aging. We place these demographic concerns within three broad social and political contexts of the policy—gender, family, and the state—to examine its social consequences. We also discuss the sociological consequences of the policy, by reflecting on the roles of science and social scientists in public policy making.
Porcine models of acute kidney injury
Authors: Huang Jianni , Bayliss George , Zhuang Shougang
Published: April 2021

Pigs represent a potentially attractive model for medical research. Similar body size and physiological patterns of kidney injury that more closely mimic those described in humans make larger animals attractive for experimentation. Using larger animals, including pigs, to investigate the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) also serves as an experimental bridge, narrowing the gap between clinical disease and preclinical discoveries. This article compares the advantages and disadvantages of large versus small AKI animal models and provides a comprehensive overview of the development and application of porcine models of AKI induced by clinically relevant insults, including ischemia-reperfusion, sepsis, and nephrotoxin exposure. The primary focus of this review is to evaluate the use of pigs for AKI studies by current investigators, including areas where more information is needed.
A Biologically Inspired Algorithm for Low Energy Clustering Problem in Body Area Network
Authors: Xu Mengying , Zhou Jie
Published: April 2021

The growing application of body area networks (BANs) in different fields makes the low energy clustering a paramount issue. A clustering optimization algorithm in BANs is a fundamental scheme to guarantee that the essential collected data can be forwarded in a reliable path and improve the lifetime of BANs. Low energy clustering is a technique, which provides a method that shows how to reduce network communication costs in BANs. A careful low energy clustering scheme is one of the most critical means in the research of BANs, which has attracted considerable attention, comprising monitoring capability constraints. However, the classical clustering method leads to high cost when constraints such as large overall energy consumption are undertaken. Hence, a binary immune hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm (BIHABCA), a randomized swarm intelligent scheme applied in BANs, motivated by immune theory and hybrid scheme is introduced. Furthermore, we designed the formulation that considers both distances between two nodes and the length of bits. Finally, we have compared the energy cost optimized by BIHABCA with a shuffled frog leaping algorithm, ant colony optimization, and simulated annealing in the simulation with different quantity of nodes in terms of energy cost. Results show that the energy cost of the network optimized by the proposed BIHABCA method decreased compared to those by the other three methods which mean that the proposed BIHABCA finds the global optima and reduces the energy cost of transmitting and receiving data in BANs.
Detection Method and System of the Human Body Characteristic Index Based on TCM
Authors: Li Qiuping , Zhang Xing , Wang Xin’an , Zhao Tianxia , Qiu Changpei , Zhou Bing
Published: April 2021

As traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained more and more recognition in the world, Chinese medicine has also played its important role. However, traditional Chinese medicine equipment is relatively deficient, with insufficient functions and low degree of digitalization. For example, existing auscultation equipment can obtain few human characteristic indicators, which is difficult to meet the needs of reference in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis. Based on this, this paper designed a human body characteristic index detection system based on the principle of traditional Chinese medicine, which includes respiratory and heartbeat signal acquisition device, meridian and acupoint signal acquisition device, temperature signal acquisition device, pulse and blood pressure acquisition device, processing module, keyword module, and output module. The respiratory and heartbeat signal acquisition device is used to collect the respiratory and heartbeat signal of human body. Meridian acupoint signal acquisition device is used to collect human meridian acupoint radio signals. The temperature signal acquisition device is used to collect the infrared temperature light wave signal of human body. Pulse and blood pressure acquisition devices are used to collect pulse and blood pressure signals. The processing module is used to obtain one or more human body characteristic indicators according to one or more of the respiration and heartbeat signals, meridians and acupoints signals, temperature signals, pulse, and blood pressure, including Qi and blood characteristic indicators, viscera and six meridian characteristic indicators, and temperature characteristic indicators. The keyword corresponding module is used to obtain the corresponding keyword representing the physiological state information of human body according to the one or more human body characteristic indicators. The output module is used to output the human body characteristic index and the key words. It includes the key words of Qi and blood state information, the key words of viscera state information, the key words of Qi and blood state information, etc. The system can be used for serious disease screening, chronic disease management, and risk early warning.
Research on the Service Mode of the University Library Based on Data Mining
Authors: Duan Sha , Wang Ziwei
Published: April 2021

In the digital information age, data mining technology is becoming more widely used in libraries for its useful impact. In the context of big data, how to efficiently mine big data, extract features, and provide users with high-quality personalized service is one of the important issues that needs to be solved in the current university library big data application. Brain computing is a kind of comprehensive processing behavior of the human brain simulated by the computer, which can comprehensively analyze a variety of information and play a very good guiding role in processing library service behavior. This paper briefly introduces the related concepts and algorithms of data mining technology and deeply studies the classical algorithm of association rules, namely, Apriori algorithm, which analyzes the necessity and feasibility of applying data mining technology to university library management. The design idea and functional goal of the college book intelligent recommendation system are based on the decision tree method and association rule analysis method. Through the application research of data mining technology in the personalized service of the university library, combined with the actual work, this paper proposes data mining of association rules in the university library system. The research further elaborates on the system architecture, data processing, mining implementation algorithms, and application of mining results. The experimental results of the research have certain significance for the university library to explore personalized services, provide book recommendation services, and make corresponding decisions to optimize the library’s collection layout.
A Voltage Control Strategy of VSG Based on Self-Adaptive Inertia Coefficient and Droop Coefficient
Authors: Lin Shizhi , Lin Lei , Wen Buying
Published: April 2021

With the increasing penetration rate of distributed renewable energy in power systems, the control strategy of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is widely used for several years. Some existing VSG control strategies have been able to solve the stability problems caused by the abnormal grid voltage, but the effects of the inertia coefficient and the droop coefficient on the voltage stability are not taken into account. In order to further improve the voltage stability of the microgrid system, a voltage control strategy of VSG based on self-adaptive inertia coefficient and droop coefficient is proposed in this paper. When the voltage is far from the steady state, the increase of the inertia coefficient can decrease the voltage deviation. On the contrary, when it is close to the steady state, the decrease of the inertia coefficient can make the system response speed accelerate. According to the real-time voltage deviation, the droop coefficient can change adaptively to decrease the adjusting time and the voltage deviation during the disturbance. Finally, the simulation model of VSG is built by MATLAB/Simulink for conducting simulation experiments. Compared with other strategies, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are validated.
[Retracted] Transformation of Nonmultiple Cluster Music Cyclic Shift Topology to Music Performance Style
Authors: Li Jing
Published: April 2021

Music is an abstract art form that uses sound as its means of expression. It has deeply affected our lives. This paper proposes a method for extracting segment features from nonmultiple cluster music files. We divide each piece of music into multiple segments and extract the features of each segment. The specific process includes nonmultiple cluster music file note extraction, main melody extraction, segment division, and segment feature extraction. The segment feature is extracted from a segment of a piece of music, contains the main melody and accompaniment information of the segment, and can reflect the sequence relationship of the notes. This paper proposes a performance style conversion network based on recurrent neural network and convolutional neural network. The bidirectional recurrent neural network based on Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is used to extract different styles of note feature vector sequences, and the extracted note feature vector sequence is used to predict the intensity of a specific style, and the intensity changes of different styles of nonmultiple cluster music are better learned. Through the comparison, the multiclassification strategy of “one‐to‐the‐rest” is selected, and the fuzzy recurrent neural network is applied to the shortcomings of the unrecognizable area. Finally, according to the feature extraction method and the principle of the classifier algorithm studied in this paper, a music style classification system is implemented in the MATLAB environment. Experimental simulation shows that this system can effectively classify music performance styles.
Multiscale Anchor‐Free Region Proposal Network for Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Cao Zhiwei , Yang Huihua , Xu Weijin , Zhao Juan , Li Lingqiao , Pan Xipeng
Published: April 2021

Pedestrian detection based on visual sensors has made significant progress, in which region proposal is the key step. There are two mainstream methods to generate region proposals: anchor‐based and anchor‐free. However, anchor‐based methods need more hyperparameters related to anchors for training compared with anchor‐free methods. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale anchor‐free (MSAF) region proposal network to obtain proposals, especially for small‐scale pedestrians. It usually has several branches to predict proposals and assigns ground truth according to the height of pedestrian. Each branch consists of two components: one is feature extraction, and the other is detection head. Adapted channel feature fusion (ACFF) is proposed to select features at different levels of the backbone to effectively extract features. The detection head is used to predict the pedestrian center location, center offsets, and height to get bounding boxes. With our classifier, the detection performance can be further improved, especially for small‐scale pedestrians. The experiments on the Caltech and CityPersons demonstrate that the MSAF can significantly boost the pedestrian detection performance and the log‐average miss rate (MR) on the reasonable setting is 3.97% and 9.5%, respectively. If proposals are reclassified with our classifier, MR is 3.38% and 8.4%. The detection performance can be further improved, especially for small‐scale pedestrians.
Stochastic Adaptive Forwarding Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Secure Mobile Video Communications in NDN
Authors: Hao Bowei , Wang Guoyong , Zhang Mingchuan , Zhu Junlong , Xing Ling , Wu Qingtao
Published: April 2021

Named Data Networking (NDN) can effectively deal with the rapid development of mobile video services. For NDN, selecting a suitable forwarding interface according to the current network status can improve the efficiency of mobile video communication and can also avoid attacks to improve communication security. For this reason, we propose a stochastic adaptive forwarding strategy based on deep reinforcement learning (SAF-DRL) for secure mobile video communications in NDN. For each available forwarding interface, we introduce the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm to obtain a more robust forwarding strategy. Moreover, we conduct various numerical experiments to validate the performance of SAF-DRL. Compared with BR, RFA, SAF, and AFSndn forwarding strategies, the results show that SAF-DRL can reduce the delivery time and the average number of lost packets to improve the performance of NDN.