bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Conditional Indirect Effects Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, Social Support, and Race With Alcohol Consumption among Postpartum Mothers
Authors: Perrotte Jessica K. , Grigsby Timothy J. , Cordaro Millie , Chambless Sidney , Lee Jusung , Howard Jeffrey T. , Howard Krista J.
Published: December 2024

Alcohol use and alcohol-related mortality for pregnant and postpartum women have increased, and there are racial disparities in both alcohol consumption and pregnancy outcomes. In addition, data indicate that women of Color are more likely to experience many forms of violence and face more adverse consequences from violence than non-Hispanic White women. Therefore, the current study examined how the direct and indirect pathways between intimate partner violence (IPV), depressive symptoms, and alcohol consumption are moderated by both social support and race among postpartum women. In 2022, a cross-sectional survey was administered to participants across the U.S., including 503 postpartum mothers. Participants responded to a survey battery assessing three social support strategies (appraisal support, belonging support, and tangible support), IPV, depressive symptomology, race, and alcohol consumption. A conditional process model was specified to examine the multifaceted direct and indirect relationships between IPV, the three aspects of social support, depressive symptomology, race, and alcohol consumption among postpartum mothers. Postpartum mothers experiencing violence consumed more alcohol, and depressive symptoms partially accounted for this relationship; however, some pathways were conditional upon either social support or race. For instance, women of Color who experienced violence consumed more alcohol than White women who experienced violence. Also, the protective effects of Appraisal Support in relation to depressive symptoms was stronger for White women than women of Color, while higher Belonging Support was more protective against alcohol consumption for women of Color than White women. Each social support approach contributed unique insights into the multidimensional nature of these relationships, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for prevention–intervention efforts utilizing social support as a key buffering mechanism.
Being There as Socialism Unravels
Authors: Lampland Martha
Published: December 2024

Early studies of the transition after 1989 focused primarily on the national and international consequences of bank reform, marketization, and political realignments. Far less attention was paid to the everyday experiences of those living through these momentous events. The work of anthropologists, in contrast, was concerned with the mundane hassles and existential quandaries people were facing, while never losing sight of the broader processes underway. Four ethnographies based on field work in this early period are discussed to illustrate how this focus reveals complex accounts of the transition as a dynamic and often contradictory series of events: border realignment, privatization of industry, decollectivization, and the restructuring of class relations.
Quantitative analysis of deep learning reconstruction in CT angiography: Enhancing CNR and reducing dose
Authors: Lee Chang-Lae
Published: December 2024

Background

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides significant information on image quality in vascular imaging, thus offering high-resolution images despite having the disadvantages of increased radiation doses and contrast agent-related side effects. The deep-learning image reconstruction strategies were used to quantitatively evaluate the enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the dose reduction effect of subtracted images.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate a comprehensive understanding of the quantitative image quality features of the conventional filtered back projection (FBP) and the advanced intelligent clear-IQ engine (AiCE), a deep learning reconstruction technique. The comparison was made in subtracted images with variable concentrations of contrast agents at variable tube currents and voltages, enhancing our knowledge of these two techniques.

Methods

Data were obtained using a state-of-the-art 320-detector CT scanner. Image reconstruction was performed using FBP and AiCE with various intensities. The image quality evaluation was based on eight iodine concentrations in the phantom setup. The efficiency of AiCE relative to FBP was assessed by computing parameters including the root mean square error (RMSE), dose-dependent CNR, and potential dose reduction.

Results

The results showed that elevated concentrations of iodine and increased tube currents improved AiCE performance regarding CNR enhancement compared to FBP. AiCE also demonstrated a potential dose reduction ranging from 13.7 to 81.9% compared to FBP, suggesting a significant reduction in radiation exposure while maintaining image quality.

Conclusions

The employment of deep learning image reconstruction with AiCE presented a significant improvement in CNR and potential dose reduction in CT angiography. This study highlights the potential of AiCE to improve vascular image quality and decrease radiation exposure risk, thereby improving diagnostic precision and patient care in vascular imaging practices.
Contemporary social federalism: Sorting, natural polarization, and policy devolvement
Authors: Baron David P.
Published: December 2024

This article presents a theory of policymaking at the federal and state levels where individuals locate based on the differences in state policies. Individuals have an ideology that represents the strength of preferences for redistribution and social policy. States (and individuals) separate with one state spending on redistribution and attracting individuals with stronger ideology and another that provides a public good and attracts individuals with weaker ideology. Polarization results, is natural, and originates in the states. States have a preponderance of like-minded residents and can be politically noncompetitive. The federal government is divided and bargains over policy but inaction on social policy results, which devolves social policy to the states. Devolvement reinforces the sorting among the states and amplifies polarization. Devolvement is welfare-enhancing but divisive. Devolvement does not occur on federal spending. Recent Supreme Court decisions create opportunities for additional social policy devolvement.
Study on nanosecond pulsed laser micro-milling of stainless steel miniature gears with intersecting-axes
Authors: Xiao Xiaoping , Shao Yanjie , Chen Yangzhi , He Weitao
Published: December 2024

The utilization rate of miniature gears has increased sharply with the widespread application of micro-pumps, electronic equipment, and measuring instruments, and therefore the design and processing of miniature gear has become a subject of intense research. Current research has predominantly focused on machining miniature parallel-axes gears, but well-established machining methods for miniature intersecting-axes gears are still lacking. This paper presented a nanosecond pulsed laser micro-milling technology for miniature intersecting-axes gear (MIAG). Firstly, the 3D models of driving MIAG and driven MIAG were established, and the machining schemes were proposed on the basis of the characteristics of the models. Then, the influences of processing parameters such as defocusing distance, pulse overlap, and scanning strategy on the output responses, including removal rate, surface roughness, and shape accuracy were analyzed. Afterward, some miniature structures, such as miniature grooves, cylinders and cones, were machined by combining these process parameters. Finally, the MIAGs were machined, and the accuracy evaluation and kinematics experiment were carried out. The diameter of driving MIAG was 1.21 mm, and the diameter of driven MIAG was 3.389 mm. The experimental results indicate that the proposed machining technology can process MIAG with relatively high precision and can also offer a valuable reference for the manufacturing of other miniature components.
Application of different charging methods for lithium-ion battery packs
Authors: Gotz Joelton Deonei , Werlich Samuel Henrique , Galvão José Rodolfo , Viana Emilson Ribeiro , Corrêa Fernanda Cristina , Borsato Milton
Published: December 2024

The Series and Parallel configuration of batteries combination is the most common pack design for delivering the required energy and capacity for Electric Vehicles. However, this combination is hard configured and inflexible to follow the degradation rate of the cells. This problem can be more evident in Second Life Batteries (SLB), which are found in stationary systems and low-speed vehicles. Therefore, this paper presents a self-re-configurable BMS to control and manage a pack of SLBs with relays that can handle the pack’s configuration. The system was built and tested using six different approaches to calculate the performance and efficiency of the pack. The results suggested that a Series configuration ACSC with relays that enable and disable the cells with upper voltage thresholds is the fastest method for charging SLB efficiently. However, Parallel connection was the technique that could reduce the voltage deviation. Despite that, the six methods are suitable for charging the SLB, and the application will depend on the need.
Research on path smoothing optimisation based on improved RRT-Connect algorithm and third-order Bezier curve
Authors: Zheng Zhu-an , Xie Shuangjian , Ye Zimo , Zheng Xiangyu , Yu Zhiwei
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the deficiencies of the original RRT-Connect path planning algorithm in dealing with obstacle avoidance, planning efficiency and path smoothing in static environments, an improved path optimisation method is proposed by fusing the RRT-Connect path planning algorithm with the greedy search strategy and using a third-order Bezier curve for path smoothing. Firstly, a greedy algorithm is added to the path planning process of the original RRT-Connect algorithm to guide the search direction, so as to make the path search more goal oriented, reduce the time of path planning and improve the efficiency. Secondly, the generated paths are smoothed with third-order Bezier curves to ensure the generation of smooth paths with continuous curvature and improve the quality of the planned paths. Finally, the improved RRT-Connect smoothing optimisation algorithm is simulated with the original RRT-Connect, A* and Dijkstra algorithms in different simulation environments to check the performance of the optimised algorithm. The results show that the success rate of obstacle avoidance in planning paths of the optimised algorithms are all 100%, and compared with the original RRT-Connect algorithm, the improved RRT-Connect smoothing optimisation algorithm has an overall reduction of 12.02% in planning path length, an overall reduction of 40.22% in computation time and an overall improvement of 69.15% in path smoothness. Compared to the A* algorithm, which is based on the graph search shortest path planning algorithm and takes the shortest time, there is an overall reduction of 62.46% in computation time. The improved RRT-Connect smoothing optimisation algorithm has shorter path planning lengths, smoother paths and shortest computation time in different simulation environments. Meanwhile, the stability of the optimisation algorithm is effectively improved in different environments and different running times.
Effects of waste glass dust incorporation on the tribological performance of flax-epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Saran Chandra Sekhar , Satapathy Alok
Published: December 2024

Waste glass dust, an industrial waste, generated in the glass-cutting industries, is considered carcinogenic and poses health risks as it is high in silica content. This research essentially explores the alternative use of these waste glass dust as functional fillers in fabricating wear-resistant hybrid polymer composites. It includes fabrication of the hybrid epoxy composites in hand lay-up route with varying weight fractions (0–0.2) of the waste glass dust along with the flax fiber (30 wt. %) and their dry sliding wear behavior is observed. Test sample preparation follows ASTM-G99–05 standard and experiments are conducted considering Taguchi's L25 design. Significant improvement in the wear resistance of the hybrid composites is obtained after incorporating the waste glass dust and flax fibers. Filler content is found to be the most effective factor in affecting the wear rate followed by the sliding velocity during the Taguchi analysis with respective contributions of 54.51% and 38.59% as obtained from the ANOVA analysis of the wear results. Normal load and sliding distance are found to affect marginally the wear rates of the composites. A predictive model is proposed to find the specific wear rate (SWR) using the test results through the regression analysis. The minimum wear rate is obtained for 20 wt. % of filler, 1000 m of sliding distance, 50 cm/sec of sliding velocity, and 10 N of load. The mechanisms predominantly responsible for the wear loss have also been studied using a scanning electron microscope.
Study on flow field characteristics and fluid-induced resonance analysis of swing check valve
Authors: Zhang Weizheng , Liu Jingwei , Han Dongmin
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the vibration of the valve flap and rocker arm of DN25 swing check valve in piping system caused by fluid under working condition. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), fluid–solid coupled modal analysis and harmonic response analysis are used to carry out non-constant flow field calculations and structural modal calculations. The flow field characteristics, pressure pulsations, modal frequencies and modal vibration modes of the flap and rocker stem of the rotary check valve at different opening degrees are obtained. The results show that the fluid in front of the valve is relatively stable, while the fluid behind the valve exhibits chaos and vortex. As the valve opening increases, the vortices dissipate and the fluid becomes orderly. The pressure pulsations are mainly concentrated in the high-velocity region downstream of the valve and gradually decrease as the valve opening in the flow direction increases. The peak frequency distribution of pressure pulsations caused by eddy currents and turbulence is in the range of 30 to 1000 Hz in the valve opening range of 0% to 20%. The peak frequencies of pressure pulsations at 5% and 10% opening are 539.56 Hz and 554.24 Hz, respectively, and the intrinsic mode frequencies are 539.44 Hz and 554.1 Hz. These frequencies are similar to those of the medium frequency resonance (FIR). The maximum amplitude of the pressure pulsation in the valve is 0.1763 mm in the Y-axis and 0.10669 mm in the Z-axis.
What Can Conjuring Tell Us About Cognition? The Future of the Science of Magic
Authors: Cole Geoff G. , Kuhn Gustav
Published: December 2024

During the past 20 years a number of articles have appeared within a field that has become known as the “science of magic.” This subdiscipline of psychology posits that the ancient art of conjuring can be used to develop psychological theories and knowledge, and more than 150 peer-reviewed articles have now been published. In the current article, we critically evaluate what can be considered as the three central tenets of the discipline: that the methods used in magic can be incorporated within experimental research, that magicians have particular insight into human cognition and behavior, and that the deconstruction of magic tricks can uncover novel psychological principles and mechanisms. We also discuss the problem that secrecy in conjuring creates for experimentalists and posit several recommendations that future scientists of magic might want to consider.
Gastric Pneumatosis in a Preterm Neonate
Authors: Chawla Himanshu , Gupta Nidhi , Tanwar Rahul , Rijhwani Ashok
Published: December 2024

Isolated gastric pneumatosis (air in the stomach wall) is a rare condition in neonates. The diagnosis is mainly made on X-ray abdomen. The aetiology is not very clear but can be due to underlying inflammation and sepsis or upper gastric tract obstruction. Early recognition and prompt management (keeping nil orally, orogastric tube on free drainage, antibiotics) are the key to good prognosis.
Uncertainty Avoidance and the Allocation of Entrepreneurial Activity across Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship
Authors: Liebregts W. J. (Werner) , Rigtering J. P. C. (Coen) , Bosma N. S. (Niels)
Published: December 2024

How uncertainty affects entrepreneurship is a central theme in entrepreneurship research. However, evidence for how a culture of uncertainty avoidance (UA) influences entrepreneurial activity is mixed. Unlike prior research, we theorize and test how UA practices allocate individuals across two modes of opportunity exploitation. Our findings show that uncertainty-avoidant cultures channel individuals toward intrapreneurship rather than entrepreneurship. Moreover, we find a cross-level interaction effect with individuals’ fear of entrepreneurial failure; stronger UA practices direct failure-fearing individuals even more toward intrapreneurship. These findings shed new light on the complex relationship between UA and the prevalence of different forms of entrepreneurial activity.

JEL Classification: J24; L26; M13; O43; O57.
Afghan Refugee Women’s Agency in Learning to Read in English
Authors: Hamada Megumi , Riddle Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2024

This article reports a descriptive case study conducted at a community-based adult English language program over 7 weeks. The participants were three Afghan refugee women, who were at beginning-level proficiency in English without prior education and native language literacy. Although phonics is a recommended approach for beginning-level literacy instruction, its effectiveness depends on how actively learners engage with the instruction. This study investigated the benefits of contextualized phonics-based instruction, focusing also on learner agency (engagement and resistance) during the instruction. Based on analysis of class observation notes, teacher reflections, lesson materials, and pre- and post-test scores, the findings are presented as learner profiles, describing their gains in literacy skills and patterns of engagement and resistance. The patterns of resistance are discussed as the result of the value discrepancy between the teacher and the participants. The article recommends that resistance be viewed as valuable feedback from learners and be incorporated when making instructional decisions.
Near-Normalized Maxillomandibular Relationship and Upper Airway in Infants with Robin Sequence Treated with Stanford Orthodontic Airway Plate: Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Ahn HyoWon , Choi Yoon Jeong , Baek Wooyeol , Kim Ha-Young , Chang Pi En , Choo HyeRan
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assess craniofacial and upper airway growth in infants with Robin sequence (RS) during the 1st year of life when their severe upper airway obstruction was treated non-surgically with the Stanford orthodontic airway plate treatment program (SOAP).

Design

Retrospective longitudinal cohort study comparing SOAP-treated infants with RS (treatment group) with age-matched healthy controls (HC) using computed tomography (CT).

Setting

Single tertiary referral hospital.

Patients

Twelve SOAP-treated infants with RS.

Interventions

SOAP.

Main Outcome Measures

Craniofacial skeletal cephalometric parameters and three-dimensional airway metrics.

Results

No infants required mandibular distraction or tracheostomy surgery after SOAP. The pre-treatment CT was acquired at the mean age (±SD) of 1.3 months (±0.7). The treatment lasted for 4.8 months (±0.9). Post-treatment CT was acquired at 12.9 months (±2.3) of age. The pre-treatment obstructive apnea hypopnea index decreased from 29.21 events/hour (±14.80) to 4.11 events/hour (±2.21) at post-treatment. The total mandibular length increased from 40.58 mm (±2.98) to 62.15 mm (±2.77) at post-treatment (p < 0.001) resulting in the growth velocity of 51.02% (±11.20) or 20.52 mm (±3.95) per year. The maxillary and mandibular lengths of the treatment group at post-treatment were shorter than those of HC although the maxillomandibular relationship was not different (p = 0.618). The upper airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were also not different (p = 0.083, p = 0.254, respectively).

Conclusions

The maxillomandibular relationship and upper airway of the SOAP-treated infants with RS were near-normalized at post-treatment, comparable to age-matched healthy infants.
Eliciting Requirements and Recommendations for Training Macrocognition in Teams: Considerations for Collaborative Problem Solving
Authors: Sonnenfeld Nathan A. , Niacaris Lucien , Diaz Alfaro Giovani , Nguyen Blake , Daniliv Vera , Newton Olivia B. , Jentsch Florian G. , Fiore Stephen M.
Published: December 2024

Many issues in training system design and development may be mitigated by applying and improving requirements engineering processes. Building on prior work pertaining to team training and collaborative problem solving (CPS), this work examines the value of empirical and technical literature as a source for requirements elicitation. We apply a novel approach—thematic inclusive artifact-based requirements analysis—to identify and consolidate excerpts containing requirements and other considerations for training macrocognition in teams for CPS contexts. Our methodological contribution supports training practitioners who may be engaged in requirements activities during training development, identifying evidence-based training practices, or evaluating training. We discuss the benefits and limitations of this approach in the context of current requirements engineering practices, future directions, and the value of published literature as a complementary source for requirements elicitation in training system development.
Fostering Accurate Reasoning About Outgroups: Experimental Evidence From Intergroup Relation Frames on Conspiracy Beliefs Amid Sino–U.S. Tensions
Authors: Wang Yiming , Shen Liwei , Chen Kaiping
Published: December 2024

In an era of intergroup tensions and conspiracy theories, our study examines whether threat-mitigation news frames can counter U.S. public beliefs in China-related conspiracy theories. Using a preregistered online survey experiment, we analyzed the effects of news articles that either emphasize or mitigate threats from China. Results show that threat-emphasizing frames did not heighten conspiracy beliefs, likely due to preexisting media framing. However, threat-mitigation frames effectively reduced conspiracy beliefs and improved factual understanding of China. This underscores the potential of responsible news reporting in fostering informed views, mitigating intergroup tensions.
Cytomegalovirus viremia and hepatitis B reactivation in patient with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer treated with pralsetinib
Authors: Lehman Alanna , Perissinotti Anthony , Aitken Sam
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Mutated rearranged during transfection (RET) kinase is found in approximately 1–2% non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. These patients are typically younger, non-smokers, and have non-squamous histology. Pralsetinib is a novel RET inhibitor that showed promising efficacy and tolerability in the ARROW trial. Due to the small percentage of patients that have RET mutated NSCLC, real world data on safety is still needed.

Case report

This case report outlines a patient who was initiated on pralsetinib for RET mutated NSCLC and subsequently developed reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and hepatitis B.

Management and outcome

The patient was initiated on valganciclovir and entecavir with subsequent improvement in viral loads. They were able to reinitiate pralsetinib at a lower dose following improvement of CMV and hepatitis B viral load with continuation of entecavir.

Discussion

RET is responsible for activation of several signaling paths including PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT. Those pathways are involved in the immune system. When reviewing current JAK inhibitors and PI3K inhibitors on the market, there is mixed data on HBV reactivation and CMV viremia, though theoretically possible. Therefore, this should be evaluated and addressed in further studies. The educational value of this case could provide valuable insights for baseline monitoring and management for similarly effected patients.
A Novel Training Modality for Providers in the Emergency Department Using a Computer-Based Scenario: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kehler Stephanie A. , Abufarsakh Bassema , Seng Sarret , Okoli Chizimuzo T. C.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) are increasingly admitted in emergency departments (EDs) nationwide. However, ED providers often have limited knowledge about and lack confidence in treating SUDs. This limited knowledge often results in poor treatment outcomes among patients with SUD in the ED setting.

Aims:

The aims of this pilot study were to (a) assess the desirability, applicability, and acceptability of a computer-based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) education scenario and (b) examine changes in SUD knowledge scores among ED providers before and after engaging in the computer-based SBIRT education scenario.

Methods:

A tailored computer-based education scenario was developed based on the SBIRT framework for ED providers in an academic medical center. Participants ( N = 15) evaluated the desirability, applicability, and acceptability of the education tool. Also, a single-group pre-/post-design was used to examine changes in participants’ SUD knowledge and proficiency scores.

Results:

Participants rated the computer-based SBIRT education scenario as desirable, applicable, and acceptable based on 4.0/5.0 or greater evaluation scores for each component. Overall knowledge scores increased from 3.5 to 3.8, albeit non-significantly. Proficiency score percentages increased by 25%.

Conclusion:

Computer-based SBIRT education scenario training may be acceptable by ED providers and may improve proficiency in addressing SUD for patients. Future studies should evaluate this training method with a larger sample size.
Investigation of the synergic effect of mocetinostat and capecitabine in a triple-negative breast neoplasms mouse model
Authors: Kaya Çakir Hacer , Eroğlu Onur
Published: December 2024

Combined administration of two or more drugs is emerging as a new strategy in triple-negative breast neoplasms. This is the first study to investigate the combination of the histone deacetylase inhibitor mocetinostat and the antimetabolite drug capecitabine in triple-negative mammary neoplasms in a preclinical mouse model. Thirty-five female mice were grouped into the control group, capecitabine group, mocetinostat group, and combined drugs group. At the end of the experimental period, body weight, and tumor weight were measured and tumor tissue and lung tissue were histologically examined. The results showed that the body weight of mice in the drug-treated groups was reduced by about 18%. Tumor weights were also reduced by 21% in the mocetinostat group, 27.5% in the capecitabine group, and 45% in the combined group. The combination of mocetinostat and capecitabine decreased the formation of tumors and metastases in lung tissue. In summary, the combination of mocetinostat and capecitabine was more effective than either drug alone in reducing the size of triple-negative breast neoplasms in a mouse model.
Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery From Pulmonary Trunk in a Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome With 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Microdeletion: A Novel Association
Authors: Melik Ibrahim , Brackett Diane G. , Sanders Stephen P. , Carreon Chrystalle Katte
Published: December 2024

A 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) deletion was detected in a 4-day-old boy who had hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) diagnosed prenatally by echocardiography. Postmortem examination revealed an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk (ARCAPT). This genetic defect is known to cause syndromic presentations and believed to participate in cardiovascular defects but to the best of our knowledge no HLHS with ARCAPT was reported to have this genetic defect before. This case presents a novel association and suggests involvement of the 15q11.2 deletion in a syndromic presentation. Further studies are necessary to explore this genetic link and its clinical implications.
Supplier Slip-Ups: How Malpractices Can Bite Into Restaurant Market Value
Authors: Raad James , Ruiz-Moreno Felipe , Nicolau Juan Luis
Published: December 2024

Ethical, environmental, and human rights standards are critical issues in the tourism and hospitality industry. In this context, restaurants must choose third-party members—such as suppliers—that align with their quality and sustainability standards, especially because these third-party members may encounter challenges related to food safety, ethical misconduct, environmental matters, and human rights violations. This study analyzes whether the market holds restaurants accountable for the shortcomings of their suppliers, even when the restaurant has not directly participated in or caused these problems. Based on signaling theory and the associative network memory paradigm, this study finds that supplier issues negatively affect the market value of restaurants, with indirect linkage exerting a greater impact than direct linkage, which informs these theories by underscoring the importance of memory and associations dynamics.
Mental burden of ocular surface discomfort
Authors: Di Zazzo Antonio , De Gregorio Chiara , Spelta Sara , Demircan Senol
Published: December 2024

Objective

This research investigates the associations between Dry Eye Disease (DED), pain perception, and mental health, focusing on how neuropathic pain influences treatment efficacy and patients’ quality of life.

Methods and Results

The study delves into the complexity of DED by assessing the correlation between ocular pain, depression, PTSD, and systemic pain conditions. It highlights the role of chronic neuropathic pain in DED and the nociceptive hypothesis, which suggests that psychological stress can exacerbate DED symptoms. Additionally, it explores diagnostic and management strategies for DED, emphasizing the importance of considering psychological aspects to improve patient care.

Conclusions

The intricate nature of DED, closely linked to mental health issues, requires a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Addressing neuropathic pain and psychological factors is crucial for effective DED management. Future efforts should focus on developing specific interventions targeting DED's physical and emotional impacts to enhance overall patient well-being.
Variations in Furin SNPs, a Major Concern of SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility Among Different Populations: An In-Silico Approach
Authors: Uddin Md Nasir , Mia Md Arzo , Akter Yasmin , Chowdhury Mohammad Al-baruni , Rahman Md Hadisur , Siddiqua Hafsa , Shathi Umme Salma , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Siddika Farida , Marzan Lolo Wal
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) had an adverse effect globally because it caused a global pandemic with several million deaths. This virus possesses spike protein that is cleaved or activated by Furin-like protease enzymes occurring by mammalian lung or respiratory cells to enter the mammalian body. The addition of the Furin cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 makes it a more infectious and emerging virus than its ancestor’s viruses. Phylogenetic relationships of coronavirus spike proteins have analyzed and mapped Furin recognition motif on the tree using bioinformatics tools such as GTEx, KEGG, GO, NCBI, PolyPhen-2, SNAP2, PANTHER, Hidden Markov Models (Fathmm), Phd-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), I-TASSER, Modpred, Phobius, SIFT, iPTREE-STAB, and PROVEAN. During this study, it has been found that in certain regions, Furin SNPs have some relation with the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Whereas in other regions, the effects are very negligible. Finally, our study demonstrates that Furin SNPs have a strong relationship with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. As it helps to cleave the spike protein of the virus, thus it can be targeted to inhibit at a particular site to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 from the entrance into the body.
Genome-Wide Tool for Sensitive de novo Identification and Visualisation of Interspersed and Tandem Repeats
Authors: Kalendar Ruslan , Kairov Ulykbek
Published: December 2024

Genomic repeats are functionally ubiquitous structural units found in all genomes. Studying these repeats of different origins is essential for understanding the evolution and adaptation of a given organism. These repeating patterns have manifold signatures and structures with varying degrees of homology, making their identification challenging. To address this challenge, we developed a new algorithm and software that can rapidly and accurately detect any repeated sequences de novo with varying degrees of homology in genomic sequences in interspersed or clustered repeats. Numerous forms of repeated sequences and complex patterns can be identified, even for complex sequence variants and implicit or mixed types of repeat blocks. Direct and inverted-repeat elements, perfect and imperfect microsatellite repeats, and any short or long tandem repeat belonging to a wide range of higher-order repeat structures of telomeres or large satellite sequences can be detected. By combining precision and versatility, our tool contributes significantly to elucidating the intricate landscape of genomic repeats.
Long-term follow-up of patients with a first clinical demyelinating event (clinically isolated syndrome) who received cladribine tablets in CLASSIC-MS: Findings for the ORACLE-MS cohort
Authors: Giovannoni Gavin , Boyko Alexey , Correale Jorge , Edan Gilles , Freedman Mark S , Montalban Xavier , Rammohan Kottil , Stefoski Dusan , Yamout Bassem , Leist Thomas , Aydemir Aida , Borsi Laszlo , Verdun di Cantogno Elisabetta
Published: December 2024

Background:

CLASSIC-MS explored long-term outcomes of patients treated with cladribine tablets.

Objective:

Assess long-term efficacy in patients previously enrolled in ORACLE-MS, a Phase III parent trial.

Methods:

ORACLE-MS included patients with a first clinical demyelinating event (FCDE or clinically isolated syndrome) who received ⩾1 course of cladribine tablets or placebo. With a median follow-up time of 9.5 years, CLASSIC-MS assessed conversion rates to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS), time-to-conversion, relapse rates, long-term mobility/disability status and subsequent disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use.

Results:

Of 227 patients from the ORACLE-MS cohort of 616, 68.7% were exposed to cladribine tablets and 31.3% were never exposed. Of the exposed patients at risk, 51.5% converted to CDMS with a median conversion time of 8.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4–not estimable) years, versus 80.6%, median time 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3–2.4) years, for never exposed. Exposed patients were less likely to be using a wheelchair or ambulatory device or receive subsequent DMTs, and 53.2% were relapse-free versus 28.2% never exposed.

Conclusions:

Proportionally, more FCDE patients exposed to cladribine tablets experienced delayed conversion to CDMS and fewer relapses and were less likely to use a wheelchair or ambulatory device than never-exposed patients, at 9.5 years (median).
The effect of telehealth on clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension and diabetes: A meta-analysis of 106,261 patients
Authors: Kelly Francinny Alves , Moraes Francisco Cezar Aquino de , Lôbo Artur de Oliveira Macena , Sano Vitor Kendi Tsuchiya , Souza Maria Eduarda Cavalcanti , Almeida Artur Menegaz de , Kreuz Michele , Laurinavicius Antônio Gabriele , Consolim-Colombo Fernanda Marciano
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Telemedicine, propelled by recent technological advancements, has transformed healthcare delivery, notably benefiting patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials aimed to assess the efficacy of telehealth-based interventions on disease control rates and clinical parameters among NCD patients, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Methods

We conducted searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database for interventional studies that compared tele-monitoring with usual care in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed.

Results

Our meta-analysis included 75 studies, encompassing a total of 106,261 patients, with 50,074 (47.12%) receiving usual care and 56,187 (52.88%) receiving tele-monitoring care. The telemedicine group was associated with a statistically significant reduction in SBP (mean difference (MD) −4.927 mmHg; 95% CI −6.193 to −3.660; p < 0.001; I² = 90%), DBP (MD −2.019 mmHg; 95% CI −2.679 to −1.359; p < 0.001; I² = 54%), FBG (MD −0.405 mmol/L; 95% CI −0.597 to −0.213; p < 0.001; I² = 32%), and HbA1c (MD −0.418%; 95% CI −0.525 to −0.312; p < 0.001; I² = 76%).

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis shows that telehealth technologies notably enhance blood pressure and blood glucose control. This supports integrating telemedicine into clinical protocols as a valuable complementary tool for managing hypertension and diabetes mellitus comprehensively.
“When I gave him the insulin injection, I felt the pain in my heart”: Experiences of parents of young children with type 1 diabetes in an Arab country
Authors: Obeidat Hala Mahmoud , Al-Oran Haytham Mohammad , Hjazeen Ghadeer , Dwairej Doa’a Abdullah , Obeidat Aseel Hussein , Omari Ferdous Hasan , Arabiat Diana
Published: December 2024

Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is one of the most common chronic health conditions, requiring constant monitoring and care. Living with children who are diagnosed with chronic illness affects multiple aspects of parents’ daily lives, including the physical, mental, and social aspects. Due to their child’s diabetes, parents may experience many special difficulties with their daily responsibilities. This study describes parental experiences caring for a child with type 1 diabetes. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with 10 parents caring for a child with type 1 diabetes. We analyzed the interviews using Colaizzi’s strategy of descriptive phenomenological data analysis in nursing research. Participants were described a profoundly challenging situation, and they were in need of support to help them handle a challenging life situation, especially during the first years of a child’s diagnosis. The following themes emerged from the data: adapting to the new reality after diagnosis, keeping up with the child’s treatment regimen, psychological, social, and financial burdens, and staying tuned for complications.
Crowds and plebiscitary representation: Rituals of presence in the Orbán regime
Authors: Illés Gábor , László Tamás
Published: December 2024

The article aims to characterise the role of crowd events in plebiscitary representation, complementing the original Weberian–Schmittian characterisation with Hans-Ulrich Gumbrecht’s notions of crowd and presence ritual. In addition, it shows the relevance of the theoretical argument by analysing the role three types of presence rituals play in maintaining Viktor Orbán’s plebiscitary regime in Hungary, based on available video footage of the events and Orbán’s speeches. Such an investigation has a threefold relevance. First, it contributes to understanding Orbán’s domestic successes by emphasising a hitherto underappreciated aspect of his politics. Second, focusing on presence rituals’ bodily and sensory elements complements existing research on populist rallies. Third, it contributes to constructivist approaches to representation and the evolving interdisciplinary field of performative representation by highlighting, following Gumbrecht, the role oscillations between ‘presence-effects’ (sensorial-bodily processes) and ‘meaning-effects’ (claim-making and the use of symbols) play in the process of making constituencies.
Introduction to special issue: ‘Foreign policy signaling in the Indo-Pacific: Responses to the US-China rivalry in a multipolar world’
Authors: Plagemann Johannes
Published: December 2024

The Indo-Pacific is a laboratory of foreign policy signaling. It has seen a plethora of novel diplomatic phrasings and formats emerging in the recent past – from the adoption of the Indo-Pacific terminology itself, to a series of strategy papers from regional as well as extra-regional governments to varying multilateral naval exercises. Playing host to the rivalry between the US and China that is set to define 21st century world politics, it is not surprising that both major Asian and external powers have intensified their foreign policy signaling towards and within the Indo-Pacific region. What is more puzzling is the simultaneity of often very public signals and their vagueness. In fact, a multipolar Asia replete with interdependencies from safe sea lanes to infrastructure investments and arms supplies is one that is full of ambiguous signaling – raising questions about the reasons for this as well as its consequences and effectiveness. The introduction of this special issue highlights this central feature of signalling in the Indo-Pacific. Moreover, with reference to the rich signalling literature it suggests an understanding of foreign policy signalling outside immediate crises as communication that is costly, public, and intentional for the contributing authors to work with.
Shear capacity model of RC beams based on MCMC approach and reliability analysis
Authors: Ma Cailong , Deng Zhihong , Zhou Lina , Wang Zhenyu , Xing Guohua
Published: December 2024

The research question revolves around accurately predicting the shear capacity of RC beams and enhancing the reliability of such prediction models. This study aims to refine the accuracy of the RC beam shear capacity model. To augment the safety margin, the enhanced model underwent further calibration through a reliability analysis. The shear strength models, rooted in Bayesian theory’s Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and the Modified Compressive Field Theory (MCFT), were introduced. A research database was curated from test data of 782 RC beams sets under shear stress. From this database, six mechanism models were juxtaposed with the MCMC models for comparison. To meet the desired reliability indexes ([Formula: see text] = 3.2, 3.7, 4.0) in these models, resistance factors ([Formula: see text]) were incorporated. Both the Monte Carlo and First Order Second Moment (FOSM) methods were employed for the reliability analysis, considering inherent model errors and the probability distribution of primary variables. The effect of different elements on the target reliability index was assessed using a tornado diagram. Findings showed that the refined shear model displayed minimal variance when benchmarked against models from existing literature and national codes, yielding a Vtest/ Vcal ratio close to 1.0. The shear components aligned with established mechanical mechanism. Depending on various operational conditions and load combinations, resistance factors fluctuated from 0.377 to 0.516 in the RC beams without stirrup, while resistance factors fluctuated from 0.479 to 0.621 in the RC beams with stirrup. Key determinants, such as the inherent uncertainty in computing model, the live loads, and the cylinder compression strength, significantly influenced the reliability index.
Thermo-energetic performance of two dwellings during a heat wave in the Buenos Aires province, Argentina: On-site response assessment and adaptation strategies testing
Authors: Chévez Pedro
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the effects of heat waves on habitability conditions, energy consumption and cooling expenses through on-site measurements in two houses in Buenos Aires Province: an urban house located in La Plata, with low thermal quality of the envelope and two air conditioners; and a rural one in Brandsen, with an intermediate thermal quality of the envelope and one fan. Energy strategies were simulated on both houses that, simultaneously, allow the adaptation to heat waves and reduce, or generate the least possible, impact on electricity grids: a photovoltaic (PV) system and a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. Both locations experienced similar average outdoor temperatures (∼28°C), but La Plata had fewer fluctuations due to heat accumulation in built surroundings. Indoor temperatures were comparable (∼29°C living spaces/∼27°C bedrooms), but the house in La Plata experienced lower thermal fluctuations due to its air-conditioning (ACs) and outdoor temperatures. Average heat index values were alike (∼30°C living spaces/∼29°C bedrooms). Although La Plata’s dwelling had ACs, results show the influence of envelope performance and nighttime ventilation in the Brandsen’s rural setting. Adaptation assessment revealed that PV and GSHP systems are adequate measures to face heat waves; however, they require important incentives to achieve massiveness.
Research on structural vertical stiffness evaluation of track-specific suspension bridge under the action of the no-load first train
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Cen Sihan , Ding Peng , Chen Xiaohu , Huang Xiangsheng , Luo Haoran
Published: December 2024

The track-specific bridge has the characteristics of a large volume of passenger traffic, narrow transverse width, and large excitation. The long-term and high-frequency operating conditions put forward strict requirements for the safety and comfort of the bridge. Aiming at the problem of achieving fast, accurate, and intelligent evaluation of bridges under the coupling action of trains and temperatures, this paper proposes a method for evaluating the structural vertical stiffness of track-specific suspension bridges under the action of the no-load first train. Firstly, the [Formula: see text] (deformation-velocity-time) data of trains on the bridge are analyzed through linkage numerical simulation, track train transponder, and structural safety monitoring system. Secondly, the CART algorithm establishes a regression model for data correction. The mapping relationship between the modified deformation monitoring value and the theoretical calculation value is analyzed to realize the current structural vertical stiffness evaluation. Finally, it is verified by the world’s largest span self-anchored track-specific suspension bridge. The results show that the theoretical deformation value of the most unfavorable deformation section is 268.55 mm, the actual monitoring value is 232.80 mm, the difference is 35.75 mm, and the relative error is 13.3%. The R2 score of the CART regression model is 0.94, and the accuracy of the CART regression model is higher than that of other algorithm regression models. The modified dynamic check coefficient is less than 1, and the ratio of the modified residual deformation value to the maximum deformation value is 7.6%, which meets the specification requirement not exceeding 20%, indicating that the current structural vertical stiffness is in normal operating conditions.