bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey Research on the Influencing Factors of Upcycled Food in China
Authors: Zhao Bozan
Published: April 2024

Upcycled food is an emerging food in China. This article uses a questionnaire survey to conduct an online mode on the influencing factors, development prospects, health, waste and environmental protection of upcycled food among three groups that are students, staff, and retirees. The results showed that the tendencies of the three surveys on the acceptance, development prospects, waste and environmental protection of upcycled food were basically consistent, with employees being the highest, followed by students, and retirees being the lowest, and it is indicated that employees are the most interested in the development prospects of the upcycled food. According to the research on the impact of upcycled food on health, retired people are the highest, followed by employees, and students are the lowest. It is possible that retired people are older, frail, and have weakened body functions, so they pay more attention to the impact of food on health. In the survey of six factors that influence factors of upcycled food are nutrition, taste, price, food safety, packaging, and famous food brands, the evaluation of factors affecting upcycled food is different at different age groups. Generally speaking, the evaluations of employees and retired people in China are relatively similar. They put food safety first, followed by nutrition. Food safety still occupies a very important position in the hearts of the older people, and their evaluation of packaging is the last one, followed by the brand of food, it is shown that older people are more pragmatic about food consumption. Compared with the evaluations of employees and retired people, the difference in evaluations of students is relatively large. Students believe that price is the most important, followed by nutrition, and food safety is ranked last. In recent years, some food safety incidents have it also keeps happening, but overall the food safety situation in China is getting better. In addition to nutrition, students, employees and retirees all have the same evaluation of food brands, and they all rank second to last, which shows that people are more pragmatic in their food consumption. These survey results provide a reference for the development and promotion of upcycled food in China to a certain extent.
Analysis and Reform of Leibniz's Law of Sufficient Reason
Authors: Jing Shi
Published: April 2024

Since Leibniz first put forward the sufficient reason law in his philosophical work "The Monadology" (1914), the issue of the law of sufficient reason has aroused heated discussions in the field of logic in our country. The question of whether the law of sufficient reason is the basic law of formal logic was particularly heated in the domestic logic circle in 1978-1980. Since then, there has been little discussion, but from the newly compiled formal logic textbooks published one after another, no consensus has been reached. Although they didn't agree on the question of "whether or not", the two sides elaborated their arguments in detail and put forward some new opinions, thus creating new conditions for solving this problem scientifically. Firstly, this paper analyzes the different viewpoints of both sides of the argument. Secondly, it analyzes whether the law of sufficient reason is the basic law of formal logic from whether Leibniz put forward the law of sufficient reason. Finally, on this basis, a new transformation method is put forward. After this transformation, the law of sufficient reason is an important basic law of deductive logic, which can be juxtaposed with the other three logical laws, such as identity, and coordinated with the "three laws" and complement each other.
Project Based Learning Model with the help of Digital Media Anecdote Text Class X Sma/Ma Students
Authors: Maryanti Sri , Rozak Abdul , Gloriani Yusida
Published: April 2024

This research aims to develop a project-based learning model assisted by digital media for learning anecdotal texts for class X SMA/MA students. The problems of this research: (1) How is the design of a project-based learning model assisted by digital media for learning anecdotal texts for class X SMA/MA students? (2) What are the results of the implementation of the project-based learning model assisted by digital media in the learning of anecdotal texts for X SMA/MA students? This research uses research and development methods with the ADDIE (Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluate) model. The steps of this research consist of needs analysis, designing a project-based learning model assisted by digital media, developing a project-based learning model assisted by digital media, implementing a project-based learning model product assisted by digital media, and evaluating a project-based learning model product assisted by digital media. Data collection in this research was by collecting data from the results of validation questionnaires from learning model experts, media experts, practitioners, and implementation in learning. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale and Paired Sample T-Test. The results of the validation test by learning model experts obtained a value of 3.66, validation tests by media experts obtained a value of 3.14, validation tests by Indonesian language teachers obtained a value of 3.92. The results of the implementation of the project-based learning model assisted by digital media in anecdotal text learning for class X SMA/MA students received a positive response from students with a score of 3.48. The conclusion of this research is that the project-based learning model assisted by digital media in teaching anecdotal texts for class.
Reuse of Drill Cuttings Contaminated with Diesel in the Formation of Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Gutsens Alejandro , Rodríguez Yuletsis , Soroa Bell María , Muñoz Susana
Published: April 2024

Current Cuban strategies to increase hydrocarbon production introduce new hazardous waste such as drilling cuttings contaminated with diesel. In order to manage them safely, the present work aims to evaluate their potential to be reused in the construction industry, hence, it is intended to use the drilling cuttings contaminated with diesel as a partial replacement for the conventional raw material for the Manufacture of asphalt pavement. To determine the composition of the dry and wet drill cuttings, physical, chemical and mechanical tests were carried out that showed a hydrocarbon content of 3.2% and 6.9% respectively, higher than the maximum limit established for final disposal, due to the presence of diesel in the composition. Regarding its granulometry, it is evident that more than 70% of its particles are fine, so it can be used as a modifier of the granulometry of the aggregate. Different mixing ratios were established to improve their properties in the application proposal, obtaining viable results. In this regard, resistances of 46%, 33% and 32% higher than the minimum limit were obtained to be used in pavement patching actions as a subbase. Elements that drill cuttings can replace conventional raw materials such as aggregates or aggregates in the restoration of sub-base of asphalt pavements, this management alternative being beneficial from an environmental point of view.
Development of Natural Liquid and Powdered Meat Tenderizer Based on Papaya Peel, Ginger and Garlic
Authors: Issa-Zacharia Abdulsudi , Muhimbula Happiness , Bikuba Anastazia , Matondo Joachim
Published: April 2024

Recently, the application of exogenous enzymes for meat tenderization has turned the attention of food technologists and meat scientists. This research investigates the synergistic impact of natural tenderizers derived from the combination of papaya peels (P), ginger (G), and garlic (Ga) on the sensory attributes of goat meat such as color, aroma, taste, tenderness and overall acceptability. The tenderizers were formulated in different concentration ratios of 3:2:1 in both liquid and powdered form. The sensory quality parameters for all tenderized goat meat samples under observation including the control, were evaluated by 60 semi-trained panelists using a five-point hedonic scale. The effect of tenderizers was compared to the control which was devoid of tenderizing ingredients. Tenderness was greatly improved (p<0.05) by tenderizer P:G:Ga (3:2:1) in both liquid and powder forms at 45- and 90- minutes of tenderization. Alternatively, liquid and powdered Ga:G:P (3:2:1) were highly significantly rated (p<0.05) in taste compared to all other tenderizer formulations for 45- and 90-minute tenderization. From the samples tested, the control sample in both setups was the least rated in all sensory attributes, except for color in powdered tenderization. Generally, liquid and powdered P:G:Ga (3:2:1) and Ga:P:G (3:2:1) tenderizers received significantly higher (p<0.05) overall acceptability scores than G:G:aP (3:2:1) and the control sample. While liquid tenderizers mostly performed better compared to powdered tenderizers for all sample combinations, there was a significant improvement (p<0.05) in tenderness when both liquid and powdered tenderizers were used for 90 minutes compared to 45-minute marination. This suggests that, the longer the tenderization time, the greater the effect on tenderness. These findings underscore the importance of natural tenderizers in enhancing consumer satisfaction with meat products.
Mine Fires, Experiences in Extinguishing Large Underground Mine Fires
Authors: Demirović Safer , Marković Jelena
Published: April 2024

Mine fires are common the underground exploitation of mineral raw materials. With the development of mining science and practice, the methods of extinguishing mine fires using new methods and materials were also developed. Today, in mining practice, direct fire extinguishing with water or fire extinguishers, isolation of oxidation zones with insulating walls, installation of torket concrete on the walls of the pit room or use of special foams are most often used. Methods based on ventilation methods or the use of inert gases can also be encountered. All these methods are used to extinguish local oxidation processes, fires are localized in a part of the pit, ventilation department or goafs. This paper presents methods of extinguishing a mine fire where the fire zone covered a larger area and it was not possible to localize it in one part of the underground mine, the pit is completely closed and isolated until the oxidation process subsides due to lack of oxygen. At the time of the complete closure and isolation of the pit, several gas detectors remained in operation in the pit, through which the change in the composition of the pit air could be monitored during the still active pit fire. At the same time, samples of the pit atmosphere behind the isolation walls were regularly taken, their analysis was performed and they were compared with the data obtained using active gas detectors. The key question was when to reopen the pit, conduct an inspection and try to reactivate the pit operations. Although it is an underground brown coal mine, some experiences and knowledge can be applied and used in underground mines of other mineral resources threatened by pit fires. Experiences can also be applied in case of fire, where it is possible to control the fire zone only through insulating walls. It was established that changes in the activity of the pit fire were manifested both on the insulation walls and on the active gas detectors.
Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Among the Youths in Makueni County, Kenya
Authors: Kavita Vincent , Masika Jacob , Kabue Priscilla
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Majority of youths all over the world ignorantly rely on one or more types of drugs for their everyday activities, including Mandrax, Cocaine, Tobacco, Heroine, Khat, Morphine, Alcohol, Amphetamines, Ephedrine, and Glue among others. This study’s purpose was to evaluate the epidemiology of substance abuse among the youths in Makueni County, Kenya. The broad objectives that guided the study was; to determine the epidemiology of substance abuse among the youths in Makueni County, Kenya. Methodology: -A Cross-sectional mixed-method study design was undertaken, with the target population consisting of all youths from Makueni County's eight main marketplaces. Purposive sampling was employed to obtain the 8 Major urban centres while simple random selection approach was employed to obtain respondents in each market. Qualitative data was collected using 8 key informants to supplement the quantitative data collected from the youths. A self-administered questionnaire was employed. Quantitative data was analysed using Descriptive as well as inferential statistics while qualitative narrative data was grouped into themes and was presented inform of texts with verbatim quotes used to amplify the voice of the informants. Results: The study sampled 384 respondents from Makueni County. Prevalence of Drug/Substance abuse stood at 62.3 % with alcohol (58.3%) being the most commonly abused drug/Substance. Hard Drugs were the least abused with 96.9% reporting they had never abused. Pearson correlation between gender, age and education level on prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni showed a weak positive relationship(r=0.032), weak negative relationship (r=-0.064) and a significant negative relationship (r=-0.212) respectively. High unemployment rates 62.3%, easy availability of drugs 34.3%, Peer pressure 72.3%, cheap cost of drugs 28.3% and poverty level 15.1% are main contributory factors to drug abuse. A chi-square run on the factors contributing to drug abuse also indicated a significant positive relationship between the local music, TV programs, friends, and social media with prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni County. The chi-square results also revealed a weak positive relationship between parents and prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni County. Faith-based organizations, local leaders, religious leaders, and non-governmental organizations had a strong negative relationship with prevalence of drug abuse in Makueni County. Conclusion & Recommendations: There is high prevalence of Drug/Substance abuse among the youths in Makueni County and both the County Government, national Government and the community in general must put stringent measures to curb the easy availability, sale and buying of abusive Drugs and other substances in the county.
Analysis of the Production Characteristics of Heterogeneous Reservoirs Assisted by Shallow Gas by Depressurization Path
Authors: Wang Zifei , Shi Kangji , Gao Peng , Yang Lei , Song Yongchen
Published: April 2024

The problems of low gas production rate and low gas production restrict the commercial production of natural gas hydrate. The combined production of hydrate reservoirs and underlying shallow gas reservoirs is expected to make up for this shortcoming. Most natural gas hydrates in the formation exhibit vertical heterogeneous distribution characteristics; There is still little research on the mechanism of its impact on the characteristics of co harvesting. This work focuses on the interaction between vertical heterogeneous hydrate reservoirs and shallow gas layers, and analyzes the mechanism of the impact of depressurization pathway on the characteristics of combined production. The results indicate that before the pressure in the shallow gas layer is equal to the pressure in the hydrate layer, the change in pressure reduction method cannot significantly affect the characteristics of pressure changes in the shallow gas layer; In addition, there is a significant hysteresis effect in the pressure evolution of shallow gas layers compared to hydrate layers. Not limited to this, the presence of shallow gas layers will also weaken the impact of pressure reduction paths on the gas production characteristics of combined production, which makes the gas production characteristics at this time more inclined towards the gas production characteristics under direct pressure reduction. In summary, in order to effectively increase the temperature of shallow gas and enhance hydrate decomposition, it is necessary to flexibly adjust the pressure reduction indicators of the pressure reduction path in different mining stages. The results can lay the foundation for clarifying the mechanism of interlayer interference in multiple gas source reservoirs.
Adoption and Utilization of Organic Farming Practices on Cabbage Production Among Small Scale Farmers in Sheema Municipality
Authors: Kyarisiima Annet , Opio Fina , Nuwemuhwezi Gershom
Published: April 2024

The study focused on assessing the adoption and utilization of organic farming practices on cabbage production among farmers in Sheema Municipality. It specifically looked at; finding out the existing organic farming practices on cabbage production, factors influencing the adoption of organic farming practices on cabbage production among smallholder farmers and suggesting the possible ways of motivating smallholder farmers to increase the adoption of organic farming practices in cabbage growing. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and primary data was collected from 322 respondents. The study used questionnaire and interview guide to collect data. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0. The study concluded that there were major existing organic farming practices on cabbage production among farmers. Such as; crop rotation, mulching, cultural weed control and intercropping respectively, use of crop residues and organic fertilizer application. The study also concluded that there were significant factors influencing the adoption of organic farming practices on cabbage production among smallholder farmers which included; land ownership at (p=.002), knowledge on use of organic farming practices (p=.029), limited off and on-farm income (p=.003) extension training services (p=.025) and availability of credit services (p=.024). The study concluded that there were significant and non-significant possible ways of motivating smallholder farmers to increase the adoption of organic farming practices which included; awareness campaigns and emphasis on training workshops on use of organic farming practices was significant at (p=.002), increasing easy access to credit to famers at low interest rate was also significant at (p=.005), subsidization of organic farming materials at a least cost by government was also significant at (p=.001), Capacitating the national extension systems to respond to organic agriculture needs was significant at (p=.000) and non-significant ones were; encouraging collaboration between farmers and trading institutions at (p=.144) trading and marketing organic agriculture products at (p=.590) and establishment of market infrastructures for organic products at (p=.199). The study recommends that; there is a need to develop a cadre of trained and certified organic agriculture professionals to support move towards use of organic farming practices, there is a need to ensure constant extension trainings on organic farming to cabbage farmers to enhance adequate knowledge that would change their negative attitude and perception towards use of organic farming practices and there is a need for credit institutions to lower their interest rate under the government policy to allow most cabbage farmers access credit.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Positive Cases: A Prospective Study in a COVID-19 Referral Hospital
Authors: Sikder Mohammad , Ahamed Marzuk , Abedin Mohammad , Rahman Mohammad , Sumon Sohel , Rahman Mohammad , Akanda Abdur
Published: April 2024

Background: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also referred to as COVID-19, was first identified in China and rapidly spread throughout the globe, leading to a worldwide public health crisis. COVID-19 is an extremely transmissible disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The main symptoms were of heightened body temperature, inflammation of the lungs, breathing difficulties, muscular discomfort or fatigue, headache, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal disturbance, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objective: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of people who have tested positive for COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional prospective investigation in partnership with the Radiology and Imaging department and the Virology and COVID unit at IbnSina Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study took place from January 2022 to June 2022. This study included a cohort of 120 individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 and were above the age of 18. The data acquired underwent analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, specifically version 23.0. The study gained ethical clearance from the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health & Life Science at the University of South Asia, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Result: In this study a total of 120 (n=120)) confirmed COVID-19 positive cases were enrolled. According to age distribution, the majority 63 (52.5%) patients belonged to the age group >52 years and followed by 30 (25%) age group (43-52) years, 18 (15%) (33-42) years, 6 (5%) (22-32) years and 3 (2.5%) <22 years. According to sex distribution, the majority, 82 (68%) were male and 38 (32%) were female. According to distribution of residence, the maximum, 96 (80%) were from urban area and 24 (20%) were from rural area Distribution by clinical presentation, general weakness 120 (100%) and followed by sneezing 114 (95%), fever 116 (96.66%), headache 117 (99.16%), cough 115 (95.83%), respiratory distress, 119 (98.33%), cough and SOB, 118 (99.16%), loss of smell, 212 (88.74%), lac of apatite, 116 (96.66%), asthma 81 (68.50%) and pneumonia, 40 (33.33%)., the Majority 116 (96.66%) had Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and followed by 113 (94.16%) had Hypertension (HTN), 7 (5.83%) Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) 22 (18.33%) had Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and 12 (10%) Thyroid. Conclusions: This study investigated that the highest age group of COVID-19 positive cases was >52 years (52.5%). The majority of the COVID-19 positive cases were male (68%). The majority of the patients were from urban area (80%). Respiratory 119 (98.33) and general weakness 120 (100) were the most common clinical presentations. The maximum patients had Diabetes 116 (96.66% and hypertension 113 (94.16%).
3D Printing for Traumatic Orthopedics: A Review of Current Trends and Opportunities
Authors: Han Xu , Duan Xiao , Jenabi Alireza , Aghdam Rouhollah Mehdinavaz , Al-Hakim Khalak Fouad , Alqahtani Mohammed , Abbas Mohamed , Park Jeong-Hui , Dashnyam Khandmaa , Lee Jung-Hwan , Durukan Barkan Kagan , Sasmazel Hilal Turkoglu , Ostrovidov Serge , Kaji Hirokazu , Pedraz José Luis , Ramakrishna Seeram , Kim Hae-Won , Li Hong-Zhuo , Han Ling-Na , Ramalingam Murugan
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fabrication of functional scaffolding structures, prototypes, and implants with complex geometries suitable for various biomedical applications. As 3D printing continues to grow, there has been an increasing trend in reshaping the future of biomedical implants and prototypes in orthopedics, particularly in traumatic orthopedics. For example, 3D printing can be employed to create customized implant guides and prostheses to match the anatomical shape and structure of the defective part of the patient and resolve issues associated with clinical treatment. In addition, 3D printing can be used to print patient-specific prototypes, which is helpful for physicians to have a better 3D Printing for Traumatic Orthopedics: understanding of the anatomy and pAreRoepveierawtivoef Cduiarrgennot sTirsenodfsthaneddOepfepcotrttuonibtieesfixed. Keeping these points in viHewan, tehtisal. article reviews current trends and opportunities for 3D printing in traumatic orthopedics.
Effects of Diffusion Thermo and Thermal Diffusion on an Unsteady MHD Dissipative Squeezing Flow of Casson Fluid Over Horizontal Channel in the Presence of Radiation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Vuppala Nagaraju , Mamidi Raja Shekar
Published: April 2024

This study analyses the impacts of Diffusion thermo and thermal diffusion on the magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) squeezing Casson fluid flow through a porous medium under the slip condition with viscous dissipation the presence of chemical reaction and thermal radiation. The flow is produced
when two plates are compressed together in close proximity to one another. Using similarity variables may successfully convert partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The shooting technique was used to perform the numerical analysis, which entailed
solving the competent governing equations with dominating parameters for a thin liquid layer. This was done to determine the results of the study. It is essential to evaluate the numerical results in light of previously conducted research to validate the current answers. According to the results,
an increase in the distance between the two plates leads to a rise in the velocity and the wall shear stress. The velocity diminishes due to an increase in the Hartmann and Casson parameters, whereas the reverse behaviour has been observed in the case of temperature and concentration. The
opposite behaviour has been observed in temperature with increasing Diffusion thermo and thermal diffusion parameters.
Synergistic Heat Transfer in Enclosures: A Hybrid Nanofluids Review
Authors: Saha Goutam , Saboj Jiaul Haque , Nag Preetom , Saha Suvash C.
Published: April 2024

This review aims to comprehensively explore the concepts of heat transfer (HT) and entropy generation (Egen) within cavities containing hybrid nanofluids (HN). Additionally, the review encompasses various enclosure shapes, such as triangle, square, rectangle, wave, trapezoid, hexagon,
octagon, semicircle, circle, cube, C-shaped, L-shaped, M-shaped, T-shaped, W-shaped, irregular shaped, and other types of cavity designs. Also, different types of hybrid nanoparticles such as silver-magnesium oxide, copper-aluminum oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes-iron oxide, copper-titanium
dioxide, silver-copper, aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes-aluminum oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes-magnesium oxide, carbon nanotubes-iron oxide, carbon nanotubes-copper, aluminum oxide-silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide-silver, nanodiamond-cobalt oxide, etc., and base fluids
such as water, ethylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc are presented in this research. In addition, a thorough analysis of the extensive literature underscores the significant influence of elements like blocks, obstacles, fins, or cylinders within cavities on both HT and Egen. These
findings carry substantial practical implications for the study of thermofluid systems.
The Influence of Atmospheric Bores on Nocturnal Convection Initiation in Weakly Forced Synoptic Environments
Authors: Reif Dylan W. , Bluestein Howard B. , Parsons David B.
Published: April 2024

This study creates a composite sounding for nocturnal convection initiation (CI) events under weakly forced conditions and utilizes an idealized numerical simulation to assess the impact of atmospheric bores on these environments. Thirteen soundings were used to create this composite sounding. Common conditions associated with these weakly forced environments include a nocturnal low-level jet and a Brunt–Väisälä frequency of 0.011 s−1 above 900 hPa. The median lift needed for parcels to realize any convective instability is 490 m, the median convective available potential energy of these convectively unstable parcels is 992 J kg−1, and the median initial pressure of these parcels is 800 hPa. An idealized numerical simulation was utilized to examine the potential influence of bores on CI in an environment based on composite sounding. The characteristics of the simulated bore were representative of observed bores. The vertical velocities associated with this simulated bore were between 1 and 2 m s−1, and the net upward displacement of parcels was between 400 and 650 m. The vertical displacement of air parcels has two notable phases: lift by the bore itself and smaller-scale lift that occurs 100–150 km ahead of the bore passage. The prebore lift is between 50 and 200 m and appears to be related to low-frequency waves ahead of the bores. The lift with these waves was maximized in the low to midtroposphere between 1 and 4 km AGL, and this lift may play a role in assisting CI in these otherwise weakly forced environments.
A Climatology of Convective Precipitation over Europe
Authors: Lombardo Kelly , Bitting Miranda
Published: April 2024

The annual, seasonal, and diurnal spatiotemporal heavy convective precipitation patterns over a pan-European domain are analyzed in this study using a combination of datasets, including the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) precipitation rate product, E-OBS ground-based precipitation gauge data, European climatological gauge-adjusted radar precipitation dataset (EURADCLIM), Operational Programme for the Exchange of Weather Radar Information (OPERA) ground-based radar-derived precipitation rates, and fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5) total and convective precipitation products. Arrival Time Difference Network (ATDnet) lightning data are used in conjunction with IMERG and EURADCLIM precipitation rates, with an imposed threshold of 10 mm h−1 to classify precipitation as convective. Annually, the largest convective precipitation accumulations are over the European seas and coastlines. In summer, convective precipitation is more common over the European continent, though relatively large accumulations exist over the northern coastal waters and the southern seas, with a seasonal localized maximum over the northern Adriatic Sea. Activity shifts southward to the Mediterranean and its coastlines in autumn and winter, with maxima over the Ionian Sea, the eastern Adriatic Sea, and the adjacent coastline. Over the continent, 1%–10% of the total precipitation accumulated is classified as convective, increasing to 10%–40% over the surrounding seas. In contrast, 30%–50% of ERA5 precipitation accumulations over land is produced by the convective parameterization scheme and 40%–60% over the seas; however, only 1% of ERA5 convective precipitation accumulations are from rain rates exceeding 10 mm h−1. Regional analyses indicate that convective precipitation rates over the inland mountains follow diurnal heating, though little to no diurnal pattern exists in convective precipitation rates over the seas and coastal mountains.
Populism Versus Nativism: Socio-Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Emotional Predictors
Authors: Abadi David , Bertlich Tisa , Duyvendak Jan Willem , Fischer Agneta
Published: April 2024

Previous research on predictors of populism and nativism has predominantly focused on socio-economic (e.g., education, employment, social status), and socio-cultural explanations (e.g., social identity and social status). In recent years, however, the role of negative emotions has become increasingly important in the study of populism and related concepts. In the current study, we examined two distinct negative emotions: anxiety and anger. We collected survey data from participants in 15 European countries ( N = 7,726) and tested three sets of measures reflecting different explanations, economic (e.g., education), socio-cultural (e.g., social identity), and emotional in predicting populist attitudes (compromising items on anti-elitism and people-centrism) and nativism. We tested these different predictors using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of our basic SEM models show that negative emotions (anxiety and anger) predict both populist attitudes (people-centrism and anti-elitism) and nativism. In particular, anxiety predicts anger, which in turn predicts both populist attitudes and nativism. In our advanced SEM models, people-centrism was predicted by anger and social identity, whereas nativism was predicted by anger, anxiety, social identity, and education. Our study shows that negative emotions (anger, anxiety) are much better predictors of populist attitudes and nativism than mere socio-economic and socio-cultural factors.
Disparities in Access to Bariatric Surgery in North Carolina
Authors: Wong Jan H. , Burch Ashley E. , DeMaria Eric J. , Pories Walter J. , Irish William D.
Published: April 2024

Background

This study sought to identify factors that contribute to disparities in access to bariatric surgery in North Carolina (NC).

Methods

Using the rate of bariatric surgery in the county with the best health outcome as the reference, we calculated the Surgical Equity Index (SEI) in the remaining counties in NC.

Results

Approximately 2.95 million individuals (29%) were obese in NC. There were 992 (.5%) bariatric procedures performed on a population of 194 209 individuals with obesity in the Reference County (RC). The mean SEI for bariatric surgery in NC was .47 (SD .17, range .15-.95). A statistically significant difference was observed in 89 counties. Univariable analyses identified the following variables to be significantly associated with the SEI: percent of population living in rural areas (% rural) (relative rate change in SEI [RR] = .994, 95% CI .92-.997; <.0001), median household income (RR = 1.0, 95% CI = 1.0-1.0; P = .0002), prevalence of diabetes (RR = .947, 95% CI .917-.977; .0006), the primary care physician ratio (RR = .995, 95% CI .991-.998; P = .006), and percent uninsured adults (RR = .955, 95% CI .927-.985; P = .003). By multivariable hierarchical regression analysis, only the % rural remained statistically associated with a low SEI (RR = .995 per 1% increase in % rural, 95% CI = .992, .998; P = .0002).

Discussion

The percent rural is the most significant predictor of disparities in access to bariatric surgery. For every 1% increase in % rural, the rate of surgery decreased by .5%. Understanding the characteristics of rurality that are barriers to access is crucial to mitigate disparities in bariatric surgical access in NC.
In-Line Chemical Composition Monitoring for the Injection Molding Process of Biodegradable Polymer Blends Using Simultaneous Measurement of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance and Transmission Spectra
Authors: Yoshikawa Itsuki , Hikima Yuta , Ohshima Masahiro
Published: April 2024

In the processing of polymer blends and composites, in-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enables monitoring of the composition and its composite uniformity and contributes to rapid process development and quality control. However, in the injection molding process, the study of the composition of polymer materials has been delayed due to high-pressure conditions. Our research group developed NIR probes for transmission and diffuse reflectance measurements that can withstand high-pressure and temperature conditions up to 130 MPa and 200 °C. In this research, transmission and diffuse reflectance spectra were measured inline during the injection molding process of polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and polybutylene succinate adipate. The intensity of each polymer band in the second-derivative spectra exhibited a monotonic increase or decrease in response to changes in the blend ratio. Using transmission and diffuse reflectance spectra as explanatory variables of the partial least squares regression model simultaneously, the model showed high estimation accuracy for the entire region of the blend ratio. Finally, this model was applied to monitor the polymer changeover operation, and the change in the blend ratio in the molded product was successfully estimated in line.
Procedural Justice Spill-Over and Recidivism After Release From Prison
Authors: van Hall Matthias , Baker Thomas , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Dirkzwager Anja J. E.
Published: April 2024

The importance of procedural justice for reducing criminal behavior has been demonstrated in numerous criminal justice contexts. However, to date, no study has evaluated the impact of procedural justice in encounters with multiple authorities on recidivism. Using longitudinal data from the Prison Project, this study examines the associations between perceptions of prison staff procedural justice, probation officer procedural justice, and recidivism during a 12-month follow-up period. Findings indicate that detainees who felt treated fairly by prison staff, perceived their probation officer to be fairer, and, subsequently, they had a lower likelihood of getting reconvicted. How prison staff are perceived by people in prison may impact those people’s perceptions of their probation officers which in turn may affect their offending behavior.
The role of trust in Belarusian societal mobilization (2020–2021)
Authors: Douglas Nadja
Published: April 2024

Social trust is believed to be beneficial to societal mobilization and the participation in protests. At the same time, state performance, notably of state power structures during instances of social and political protest and change, has an impact on the public perception of and trust in these institutions as well as the assessment of their legitimacy. The police are the most visible manifestation of state authority, which has become particularly apparent during post-electoral protests in Belarus in 2020, when their performance directly influenced and determined further societal mobilization. Based on a mixed-methods design, drawing on interview and survey data, this contribution seeks to shed light on the role of trust in societal mobilization during instances of protest and change in Belarus between 2020 and 2021. One of the main findings is that repression by the regime and its police forces affected both institutional trust and the level of protest mobilization. Protest participation in turn correlates with an increase in social trust.
A Latent Profile Analysis of Substance Use and Post-Traumatic Stress on Substance Use Treatment Outcomes Among People Involved with the Justice System
Authors: Sease Thomas B. , Wiese Amanda L. , Knight Kevin
Published: April 2024

This study used latent profile analysis to classify legally-involved persons in substance use treatment into mutually exclusive groups based on their clinical presentation of substance use and post-traumatic stress. Predictors of group membership were tested, and group classification was evaluated as a predictor of engagement in substance use treatment. There was a significant amount of variability in substance use and post-traumatic stress symptomatology at the start of treatment. Clients’ symptoms were classified into four groups: (1) high substance use, low trauma, (2) low substance use high trauma, (3) high substance use, high trauma, and (4) low substance use, low trauma. Psychological distress was the primary predictor of group classification and profile membership was differentially related to treatment engagement. Together, these results can be used to inform screening tools, assessment protocols, and adaptive treatment models to better serve people in the legal system experiencing comorbid substance use and post-traumatic stress.
Practitioner Experiences of the Death of an Equine in an Equine-Assisted Services Program
Authors: Nieforth Leanne O. , Kaufman Sara
Published: April 2024

Given the nature of horse-human interactions in equine-assisted services (EAS), death of a horse may have significant impacts. In this study, an online survey was distributed to EAS practitioners. The goal of the study was to explore the experiences of practitioners and identify the socioemotional processes that occur upon the death of an equine within an EAS program. Open-ended responses ( N = 84) were analyzed qualitatively using a grounded theory and constant-comparative approach. Responses are situated into two themes (1) Processing the death of an equine and (2) Practical implications. Experiences processing the death of an equine can be situated within Worden’s Four Tasks of Mourning, extending a grief model previously only considered in the context of human death to animal death. Practical implications found within responses highlight actions practitioners can take to prepare for and process through the death of an equine in their program.
Visual Attention to Semantic and Orthographic Associations in Fluent Aphasia: Evidence from Eye-Tracking
Authors: DeMetropolis Susan M. , Pittarello Andrea
Published: April 2024

We examined the allocation of visual attention in an association task by both neurotypical participants (n = 11) and adults with fluent aphasia (n = 12). Participants were presented with a picture (e.g., a basket) followed by a semantically related association (i.e., “strawberry”) and an orthographically related association (i.e., “b,” the first letter of “basket”). An eye tracker recorded their eye movements for three areas of interest (AOI): the picture, the semantic associate, and the orthographic associate, over 1396 observations. Results showed that both neurotypical participants and participants with aphasia looked longer at the semantic associate than at the picture, and this difference was more pronounced for neurotypicals than for people with aphasia (PWA). Neurotypicals also looked longer than the PWA group at the orthographic associate than at the prior picture. Regarding eye fixation counts, both participant groups looked more frequently at the semantic associate than at either the picture or the orthographic associate. Notably, this pattern was more pronounced among neurotypical participants than PWA. Our findings emphasize the importance of semantic associations in fluent aphasia and suggest a potential rehabilitative approach in speech and language therapy.
Civility and Environmental Politics
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Zech Steven T , Faehrmann Alexander
Published: April 2024

In this article, we offer a normative analysis of environmental politics through the lens of civility. First, we explain what civility is by identifying its three key dimensions: civility as politeness, moral civility and justificatory civility. We then examine various instances of environmental politics and activism through the lens of civility, by focusing on the complex intersections between its three dimensions as well as the hierarchical relationship that exists between them, with moral civility taking precedence over justificatory civility and the latter over civility as politeness. This analysis, we argue, can help us to formulate more nuanced judgements about the desirability of different instances of civil and uncivil environmental politics and activism, and to develop educational strategies for preparing policymakers, environmental activists and citizens more generally to be civil participants in environmental politics.
Homing desires: Transnational queer migrants negotiating homes and homelands in Scotland
Authors: Stella Francesca , Binnie Jon
Published: April 2024

A vast literature on the home across sociology, human geography and cognate disciplines has mapped out home as a messy conceptual terrain. Critical perspectives have theorised home as simultaneously imaginative and material, and argued for the importance to pay attention to both dimensions. Following in this tradition, empirical research has explored how ‘home’ is understood, imagined and experienced in everyday life, and how imagery and experiences of home are inflected by class, race/ethnicity, migrancy, gender, sexuality, age and able-bodiness. In the literature on home, however, migrancy and sexuality are rarely brought together. This article advances existing debates on the home though an intersectional exploration of the home/migration/sexuality nexus, drawing on research with queer migrants from Central Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) living in Scotland. Methodologically, the article draws on photo diaries and photo elicitation interviews to explore queer migrants’ sense of home: an approach that allows us to untangle the spatial, material, imaginary, affective and temporal dimensions of home. Empirically, we show how both migrancy and sexuality inform our participants’ complex experiences and understandings of home. Conceptually, the article brings into conversation literatures on the migrant and the queer home, which have hitherto been largely separate, and proposes ways to advance the exploration of the home/migration/sexuality nexus.
Playing by ear and the development of music skills at pre-school age
Authors: Andrioti Evi
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present research was to investigate the evolutionary course of rhythmic development in pre-school children in a private kindergarten (age 4–5 years) in Athens, Greece, through Lucy Green’s ‘Playing by ear’ method. Tools and strategies taken from qualitative methodology, and more specifically from action-research were used. What was investigated was to what extent the ‘Playing by ear’ method developed the rhythmic skills of the students and to what extent it enhanced the students’ ability to play music in small groups without the teacher’s instructions. It is important to mention that the research was conducted in connection with the goals set in the Analytical Curriculum of the Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs (ΥΠ.Ε.Π.Θ.). The results of the research showed that Green’s ‘Playing by ear’ method helped the students’ development of rhythmic ability with the use of musical instruments, as well as their rhythmic ability through kinetic behaviour. It also helped students to engage in early experimentation. Finally, the method enhanced the students’ ability to play music in small groups without the teacher’s continuous and direct instruction, developing in this way new communication and cooperation practices and skills.
Housing and temporary legality: The evictability and settlement of refugees in Swedish municipalities
Authors: JANSSON-KESHAVARZ SOFI , KRIFORS KARIN , NORDLING VANNA
Published: April 2024

This article explores four Swedish municipalities which have reacted differently to legislation aiming to regulate a ‘fair and equal’ distribution of refugees: from barefaced rejection to the advocacy of refugee settlement as an investment in future citizens. Interviews with people who work with settlement show that housing is made central in different municipal strategies and creates an unequal landscape of evictability for refugees depending on where they are placed. Temporary and conditional residence permits for refugees, which have been made standard in this time of temporary legality, are simultaneously dependent on settlement strategies in municipalities: housing and access to jobs determine whether you can stay or stay with your family. This deportability of refugees is what is at stake. Yet access to housing is continuously treated as a mundane ‘service’: both in the categorical denial of housing and in the evaluation of what can qualify refugees to deserve settlement.