bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optically Pumped and Electrically Switchable Microlaser Array Based on Elliptic Deformation and Q‐Attenuation of Organic Droplet Oscillators
Authors: Kato Masato , Miyagawa Junnosuke , Noguchi Shun‐ichiro , Takada Naoki , Baba Soumei , Someya Satoshi , Singh Ankit Kumar , Huang Jer‐Shing , Yamamoto Yohei , Yamagishi Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Conventional laser panel displays are developed through the mass integration of electrically pumped lasers or through the incorporation of a beam steering system with an array of optically pumped lasers. Here a novel configuration of a laser panel display consisting of a non‐steered pumping beam and an array of electrically Q‐switchable lasers is reported. The laser oscillator consists of a robust, self‐standing, and deformable minute droplet that emits laser through Whispering‐Gallery Mode resonance when optically pumped. The laser oscillation is electrically switchable during optical pumping by applying a vertical electric field to the droplet. Electromagnetic and fluid dynamics simulations reveal the deformation of the droplet into a prolate spheroid under the electric field and associated attenuation of quality factor (Q‐factor), leading to the halt of the laser oscillation. A 2 × 3 array of droplets is fabricated by inkjet printing as a prototype of a laser panel display, and it successfully achieves the pixel‐selective switching of the oscillation.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirocyclohexane Oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Ye , Wang Zhoulu , Ren Min , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Fu Zhenqian
Published: December 2024

A variety of structurally diverse spirocyclohexane oxindoles featuring a quaternary carbon centre have been successfully constructed through an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed [4+2] annulation of isatin‐derived enals with α‐cyano‐β‐methylenones. This domino process exhibits a wide substrate tolerance, operates under mild conditions, and yields products with high enantioselectivities.
Diverse Synthesis of Azoles: Construction of ortho‐Azidotetrazoles/Triazoletetrazoles through N−N Cleavage of 2H‐Indazoles
Authors: Laru Sudip , Bhattacharjee Suvam , Hajra Alakananda
Published: December 2024

Herein, we report a conceptually new, general, and efficient approach for the synthesis of valuable ortho‐azido‐1,5‐disubstituted tetrazole and one‐pot synthesis of ortho‐triazoletetrazole derivatives mainly via PIDA mediated N−N cleavage of the azole ring of 2H‐indazoles using TMSN3. This current methodology represents an array of unsymmetrical ortho‐azidotetrazole and ortho‐triazoletetrazole derivatives with wide functional group tolerance in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The practical utility of this reaction was showcased through successful scale‐up synthesis and a variety of subsequent derivatizations of ortho‐azidotetrazole products. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway.
Current Strategies and Future Directions of Wearable Biosensors for Measuring Stress Biochemical Markers for Neuropsychiatric Applications
Authors: Sheffield Zach , Paul Priyanka , Krishnakumar Shraddha , Pan Dipanjan
Published: December 2024

Most wearable biosensors aimed at capturing psychological state target stress biomarkers in the form of physical symptoms that can correlate with dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). However, such markers lack the specificity needed for diagnostic or preventative applications. Wearable biochemical sensors (WBSs) have the potential to fill this gap, however, the technology is still in its infancy. Most WBSs proposed thus far target cortisol. Although cortisol detection is demonstrated as a viable method for approximating the extent and severity of psychological stress, the hormone also lacks specificity. Multiplex WBSs that simultaneously target cortisol alongside other viable stress‐related biochemical markers (SBMs) can prove to be indispensable for understanding how psychological stress contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illnesses (NPIs) and, thus, lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and more objective clinical tools. However, none target more than one SBM implicated in NPIs. Till this review, cortisol's connection to dysfunctions in the CNS, to other SBMs, and their implication in various NPIs has not been discussed in the context of developing WBS technology. As such, this review is meant to inform the biosensing and neuropsychiatric communities of viable future directions and possible challenges for WBS technology for neuropsychiatric applications.
Carbon Nanocage‐in‐Microcage Structure With Tunable Carbon‐Coated Nickel as a Microwave Absorber With Infrared Stealth Property
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Xu Yang , Wu Lihong , Sun Yu , Zhang Mingnan , Dou Zhifeng , Zhao Jinchuan , Yan Yongzhu , Wang Guizhen
Published: December 2024

The rational design of microwave absorption (MA) material featuring light weight, wide absorption bandwidth, and infrared stealth property is crucial for military stealth and health protection but remains challenging. Herein, an innovative N‐doped carbon nanocage‐in‐microcage structure with tunable carbon‐coated Ni (NC/Ni(HS)) is reported via a reliable Ni‐catalyzed and Ni‐templated method. The hierarchically hollow structure of nanocage‐in‐microcage composites can optimize the impedance matching and respond to multiple reflections and scattering of incident microwaves and infrared waves. Moreover, the magnetic Ni nanoparticles improve the synergistic interactions between confined heterointerfaces and promote interfacial polarization. Such an ingenious structure endows NC/Ni(HS) with outstanding MA performance and infrared stealth properties. Specifically, NC/Ni(HS)‐10 with an optimal dielectric property, exhibits excellent MA performance. At an ultralow fill loading of 4 wt.%, a wide absorption bandwidth of 6.16 GHz is achieved at a thickness of 2.63 mm, and a strong reflection loss of −63.67 dB is obtained at a thickness of 2.00 mm. In addition, NC/Ni(HS)‐10 shows a low infrared emissivity in the range of 3‒14 µm, which is the key to compatibility with infrared stealth. This work paves the way for the design of advanced MA materials that meet the requirements of multispectral‐compatible stealth.
Ambient Synthesis of Cyclohexanone Oxime via In Situ Produced Hydrogen Peroxide over Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalyst
Authors: Xu Hui , Jin Meng , Zhang Shengbo , Zhang Xinyuan , Xu Min , Zhang Yunxia , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin
Published: December 2024

Cyclohexanone oxime, a critical precursor for nylon‐6 production, is traditionally synthesized via the hydroxylamine method under industrial harsh conditions. Here is present a one‐step electrochemical integrated approach for the efficient production of cyclohexanone oxime under ambient conditions. This approach employed the coupling of in situ electro‐synthesized H2O2 over a cobalt (Co)‐based electrocatalyst with the titanium silicate‐1 (TS‐1) heterogeneous catalyst to achieve the cyclohexanone ammoximation process. The cathode electrocatalyst is consisted of atomically dispersed Co sites and small Co nanoparticles co‐anchored on carboxylic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CoSAs/SNPs‐OCNTs), which delivered superior electrocatalytic activity toward the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) with high‐efficient H2O2 production in 0.1 m sodium phosphate (NaPi). Theoretical calculations revealed that the introduction of Co nanoparticles effectively optimized the binding strength of *OOH species on Co atomic sites, thus facilitating the 2e− ORR. The subsequent tandem catalytic system achieved a high cyclohexanone conversion of 71.7% ± 1.1% with a cyclohexanone oxime selectivity of 70.3% ± 0.6%. In this system, the TS‐1 catalyst effectively captured the *OOH intermediate and activated the in situ generated H2O2 to form Ti‐OOH species, which promoted the formation of hydroxylamine and thereby enhanced the oxime production performance.
Enhancing the Capacitive Memory Window of HZO FeCap Through Nanolaminate Stack Design
Authors: Habibi Mostafa , Kashir Alireza , Oh Seungyeol , Jang Hojung , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: December 2024

Recently, a capacitive array based on Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) has been proposed as an alternative to conventional resistive crossbar arrays for compute‐in‐memory (CIM). This array operates through a capacitive memory window (CMWε). This arises due to interface asymmetry caused by varying defect densities at the top and bottom interfaces. However, the current CMWε is insufficient, necessitating strategies to enhance it. In this study, the impact of stack design on CMWε is examined and it is demonstrated that it is possible to precisely control critical fields in I–V curves to achieve a significantly higher CMWε. A record high CMWε is achieved through an innovative nanolaminate design. The observed characteristics are explained by the Landau‐Ginzburg‐Devonshire (LGD) model and the presence of extra critical fields during I–V sweep. The final device exhibits excellent uniformity and high‐speed operation. Additionally, a substantial memory window for a non‐destructive read operation (NDRO) is confirmed using AC pulses. Alongside detailed electrical characterization, TEM and XRD analyses for an in‐depth investigation is employed to uncover the root cause of the superior characteristics achieved. Ultimately, for analog vector‐matrix multiplication (VMM) in a capacitive array, the carefully designed nanolaminate stack significantly outperforms HZO (0.5) in both output voltage and voltage swing.
Students' evaluations of teaching and grades in university agricultural programs: A tale of two countries
Authors: Carpio Ochoa Carlos E. , Harral Bradi , Morales Sarahi , Garcia Manuel , Middleton Marty , Boren‐Alpizar Amy
Published: December 2024

This manuscript investigated the relation between student evaluations of teaching (SETs) and grades. Specifically, the research aimed to determine grades' causal effect on SETs and compare it to the effect of other instructor and course factors. Data collected from surveys at a US University and a Central American University were analyzed using panel data regression procedures. The findings revealed a positive grade effect on SETs at both institutions. Other instructor and course characteristics had relatively equal or smaller effects on SETs. The study findings can help faculty to enhance SETs scores and institutions when they assess their validity.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Transformations of Oxa/Aza Bicyclic Alkenes
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Kermaninia Shahab , Afaridoun Hadi , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Transition metal‐catalyzed transformations of bridged‐ring bicyclic alkenes have emerged as an interesting area of synthetic chemistry in the last two decades. Due to their multiple points of reactivity, bicyclic alkenes, especially oxa/aza‐bicyclic alkenes, can participate in a variety annulation/functionalization reactions catalyzed by transition metals. In this review, a wide range of transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation/addition of bicyclic alkenes with nucleophiles is described.
Programmable Self‐Assembly from Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets to Spiral, Twisted and Branched Nanostructures
Authors: Hu Haohui , Jiang Wei , Han Xiao , Wu Geng , Wang Haoran , Shi Yi , He Dayin , Ma Xianhui , Hong Xun
Published: December 2024

Self‐assembly of nanomaterials into hierarchical structure is of great interest to fabricate functional materials. However, programmable design of the assembled structures remains a great challenge. Herein, we reported a programmable self‐assembly strategy to customize the assembled structure. The self‐assembly strategy is designed to orderly transform the two‐dimensional (2D) Ca ions assembled F127 nanosheets (Ca‐F127 NSs) into spiral nanosheet structures (S‐Ca‐F127 NSs), branched nanosheet structures (B‐Ca‐F127 NSs), branched‐spiral nanosheet structures (B‐S‐Ca‐F127 NSs), and twisted‐branched structures (T‐Ca‐F127 NBs). Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicate that these different structures maintain the same orthorhombic phase and Ca‐O octahedral coordination structure. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) in the double‐tilt liquid nitrogen cooling holder identifies the Eshelby twist in the twisted structures, demonstrating the spiral structure are formed by screw dislocation growth. Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) proves the oriented epitaxial growth in the B‐Ca‐F127 NSs. Furthermore, the formation mechanisms of spiral structure and branched structure can be recombined to form complex hierarchical structures. The epitaxial growth along screw dislocation can lead to the formation of B‐S‐Ca‐F127 NSs, while the twisted epitaxial growth in the screw dislocation can lead to the formation of T‐Ca F127 NBs.
Partially Interstitial Silicon‐Implanted Ruthenium as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hou Liqiang , Li Zijian , Jang Haeseong , Kim Min Gyu , Cho Jaephil , Zhong Wenwu , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien
Published: December 2024

To enhance the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it is crucial, yet challenging, to fundamentally understand and rationally modulate potential catalytic sites. In this study, we confirm that despite calculating a low water dissociation energy barrier and an appropriate H adsorption free energy (ΔG*H) at Ru‐top sites, metallic Ru exhibits a relatively inferior activity for the alkaline HER. This is primarily because the Ru‐top sites, which are potential H adsorption sites, are recessive catalytic sites, compared with the adjacent Ru‐hollow sites that have a strong ΔG*H. To promote the transformation of Ru‐top sites from recessive to dominant catalytic sites, interstitial Si atoms are implanted into the hollow sites. However, complete interstitial implantation leads to a high water dissociation energy barrier at the RuSi intermetallic surface. Thus, we present a partial interstitial incorporation strategy to form a Ru−RuSi heterostructure that not only converts the Ru‐top sites from recessive to dominant catalytic sites but also preserves the low water dissociation energy barrier at the Ru surface. Moreover, the spontaneously formed built‐in electric fields bidirectionally optimize the adsorption ability of the Ru sites, thereby greatly reducing the thermodynamic energy barrier and enhancing the alkaline HER.
Site‐Selective C(sp3)−H and Switchable C(sp3)−H/C(sp2)−H Functionalization Enabled by Electron‐Deficient Cp*CF3Ir(III) Catalyst and Photosensitizer
Authors: Hirata Yuki , Kimura Shunsuke , Higashida Kosuke , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: December 2024

A site‐selective functionalization of a C(sp3)−H bond was achieved in the presence of an intrinsically more reactive C(sp2)−H bond by controlling the orientation of a directing group via a photo‐induced E/Z isomerization of an oxime ether. By combining E/Z isomerization and an electron deficient Cp*CF3Ir(III) catalyst, the scope of oxime ethers in C(sp3)−H functionalization was successfully expanded. Based on this strategy, the order of C−H activation was switchable and successive C(sp3)−H/C(sp2)−H and C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H double functionalizations were accomplished to construct densely functionalized structures.
Enhanced Crystallinity Through Melt Annealing of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
Authors: Akkoyun Bahar Durak , Wis Abdulmounem Alchekh , Yıldırım Rumeysa , Makal Ümit , Özkoç Güralp , Kodal Mehmet
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the influence of melt annealing on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) synthesized via reactive extrusion, aiming to enhance TPU melt crystallization behavior. The melt annealing process involved reprocessing the polymer in a twin‐screw extruder, leveraging a novel approach to manipulating crystallization behavior by optimizing melt annealing conditions to activate microphase separation. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated increased nucleation density and a shift in peak crystallization temperature to higher values during cooling. Phase morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy, while gel permeation chromatography was utilized to assess molecular weight changes. X‐ray diffraction provided insights into TPU microstructural modifications, and mechanical properties were evaluated via tensile tests. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to analyze annealing‐induced changes in the hard segment structure and interpolymer bonding. The findings demonstrated that annealing enhances mechanical properties, promotes microphase separation, and increases the energy available for movement and realignment of hard segments, thereby improving TPU's thermal stability. Precise control of annealing temperature was critical to prevent adverse effects on polymer morphology or molecular weight reduction. Annealing at 210°C yielded the highest degree of crystallinity, optimizing mechanical properties and thermal stability.
New 7‐hydroxycoumarin acetamide derivatives as human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies
Authors: Maddipatla Sarvan , Bakchi Bulti , Shinde Mayura Anil , Bonardi Alessandro , Raman Preethi K. , Bhalerao Harshada Anil , Singampalli Anuradha , Nanduri Srinivas , Godugu Chandraiah , Sonti Rajesh , Supuran Claudiu T. , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi
Published: December 2024

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are crucial in regulating various physiological processes in the body. The overexpression of isoforms human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) IX and hCA XII is linked to tumour progression. The selective inhibition of CA IX and CA XII isoforms can result in the development of better cancer treatment strategies. The tail approach based on coumarin derivatives was known for selective inhibition of isoforms IX and XII. This study explores the potential of coumarin derivatives (7a–k, 8a–s and 9a–g) as selective hCA IX and hCA XII inhibitors. The synthesised derivatives exhibited potent and selective inhibition towards hCA IX and XII, with Ki values in the range of 0.58‒3.33 µM and 0.48‒2.59 µM, respectively. The oxime ether derivative 7d was found to be the most potent one against hCA IX, with a Ki value of 0.58 µM, and phenyl hydrazine derivative 8a, with a Ki value of 0.48 µM against hCA XII, was the most potent one among the synthesised molecules. The potent isoform‐specific carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibition suggests that 7d and 8a can be taken further towards the development of potent anticancer agents.
Research progress on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its small molecule inhibitors
Authors: Xia Lulu , Li Hongxin , Long Li , Ruan Wei , Ma Jiajia , Xu Shan , Qiao Dan
Published: December 2024

Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic systemic immune disease characterized by T‐cellmediated hyperproliferation of keratinized cells. Among its various manifestations, plaque‐type psoriasis is the most common. Treatment options for psoriasis encompass topical medications, biological therapies, phototherapy techniques, and others. However, traditional treatments are associated with numerous side effects. In contrast, targeted therapy has garnered increasing attention due to its high selectivity, strong safety profile, and favorable therapeutic outcomes. Patients with psoriasis lesions exhibit elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with the general population. These proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis by inducing keratinocyte proliferation through multiple signaling pathways within the body. This study will delve into the Janus kinase‐signal transducers and activators of transcription, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)‐protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT), and nuclear factor Kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways to elucidate their roles in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis. In addition, we will summarize potential targets relevant to the treatment of psoriasis and discuss the design and activity assessment of their inhibitors. It also provides new insights for further in‐depth study of psoriasis and development of novel molecularly targeted inhibitors.
Conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives as promising multifunctional CNS agents for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Makhaeva Galina F. , Grishchenko Maria V. , Kovaleva Nadezhda V. , Boltneva Natalia P. , Rudakova Elena V. , Astakhova Tatiana Y. , Timokhina Elena N. , Pronkin Pavel G. , Lushchekina Sofya V. , Khudina Olga G. , Zhilina Ekaterina F. , Shchegolkov Evgeny V. , Lapshina Maria A. , Dubrovskaya Elena S. , Radchenko Eugene V. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Burgart Yanina V. , Saloutin Victor I. , Charushin Valery N. , Richardson Rudy J.
Published: December 2024

New conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives (salicylamide, salicylimine, and salicylamine) with different lengths of alkylene spacers were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential multifunctional central nervous system therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conjugates demonstrated high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition (IC50: AChE, 0.265−4.24 μM; BChE, 0.01−0.64 μM) but poor activity against off‐target carboxylesterase (CES). Specifically, conjugates with a (CH2)8 spacer showed the highest AChE and BChE inhibition: 3–16 times more effective than amiridine. Salicylamides 7b and 7c had the maximum BChE/AChE selectivity ratios: 193 and 138, respectively. Conjugates were mixed‐type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases and displaced propidium from the AChE peripheral anionic site (PAS) at the level of donepezil. All conjugates inhibited Aβ42 self‐aggregation in the thioflavin test; inhibition increased with spacer elongation, being greatest for (CH2)8. The results agreed with molecular docking to AChE, BChE, and Aβ42. Conjugates exhibited high 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS)•+‐scavenging activity comparable to the standard antioxidant Trolox, and they showed the ability to bind Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+. Conjugates had favorable predicted intestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier permeability. Altogether, the results indicate that the new conjugates possess potential for further development as multifunctional anti‐AD drug candidates.
Goodness‐of‐Fit Testing for a Regression Model With a Doubly Truncated Response
Authors: de Uña‐Álvarez Jacobo
Published: December 2024

In survival analysis and epidemiology, among other fields, interval sampling is often employed. With interval sampling, the individuals undergoing the event of interest within a calendar time interval are recruited. This results in doubly truncated event times. Double truncation, which may appear with other sampling designs too, induces a selection bias, so ordinary statistical methods are generally inconsistent. In this paper, we introduce goodness‐of‐fit procedures for a regression model when the response variable is doubly truncated. With this purpose, a marked empirical process based on weighted residuals is constructed and its weak convergence is established. Kolmogorov–Smirnov– and Cramér–von Mises–type tests are consequently derived from such core process, and a bootstrap approximation for their practical implementation is given. The performance of the proposed tests is investigated through simulations. An application to model selection for AIDS incubation time as depending on age at infection is provided.
Effect of Aconitum diphtheria on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Response of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes
Authors: Meng Yan , Cai Xuan‐lin , Cong Shan , Sun Jiao , Hu Yong‐wei , Luo Li
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a highly disabling autoimmune disease, is characterized by joint damage and synovial hyperplasia. This paper was designed to explore the effect and mechanisms of Aconitum diphtheria on the proliferation and apoptosis of RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS). First, RA‐FLS was treated with different doses of A. diphtheria extracts. Then, an inverted biological microscope was adopted to observe the RA‐FLS morphology. Subsequently, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling staining, Cell Counting Kit‐8 and western blot were utilized to analyze the apoptosis, proliferation, and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway‐related proteins in RA‐FLS, respectively. The experimental results disclosed that, after treatment of RA‐FLS with A. diphtheria extracts, the cells became round and the intercellular space was increased. Besides, the RA‐FLS proliferation was effectively inhibited by A. diphtheria extracts, while the apoptosis was promoted. Additionally, A. diphtheria extracts could effectively downregulate the expression levels of p‐NF‐κB (p50), NF‐κB (p50), p‐NF‐κB (p65), and NF‐κB (p65). Collectively, A. diphtheria can effectively inhibit RA‐FLS proliferation and promote apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, A. diphtheria is able to downregulate p‐NF‐κB and NF‐κB protein expression, but there is no dose–response relationship.
Wilms' tumor 1‐associated protein aggravates ischemic stroke by promoting M1 polarization of microglia by enhancing PTGS2 mRNA stability in an m6A‐dependent manner
Authors: Sui Haijing , Liu Chang , Sun Zhenyu , Xi Hongjie
Published: December 2024

Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) alterations in diverse neurological disorders and the activation of microglia. However, the role of m6A methyltransferase Wilms' tumor 1‐associated protein (WTAP) in regulating microglial polarization during ischemic stroke (IS) remains unknown. We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify m6A‐related differentially expressed genes in IS and validated these genes in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model and a BV2 cell oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion model. We found that microglial m6A modification was increased, and that WTAP was the most significantly differentially expressed m6A regulator during IS. High expression of WTAP is closely correlated with microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in IS. Mechanistically, WTAP promoted m6A modification, which promoted prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase‐2 (PTGS2) by enhancing its mRNA stability. WTAP promoted M1 microglial polarization by elevating PTGS2 expression via m6A modification of PTGS2 mRNA in the oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion model. In conclusion, WTAP is a crucial posttranscriptional regulator that contributes to post‐IS neuroinflammation. WTAP knockdown confers cerebral protection by shifting the microglial phenotype from M1 to M2, primarily by reducing PTGS2 mRNA stability in an m6A‐dependent manner.
Three‐Year Outcomes With a Supra‐Annular, Self‐Expanding Bioprosthesis and a Pericardial Wrap—The FORWARD PRO Study
Authors: Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Windecker Stephan , Manoharan Ganesh , Lancellotti Patrizio , Tamburino Corrado , Kornowski Ran , Thiele Holger , Danenberg Haim , Fiorina Claudia , Scholtz Werner , Brecker Stephen , Ruge Hendrik , Opdahl Anders , Amoroso Giovanni , Bedogni Francesco , Petronio Anna Sonia , Nickenig Georg , Harnath Axel , Kempfert Joerg , Oh Jae K. , Eisenberg Ruth E. , Grube Eberhard
Published: December 2024

Background

The self‐expanding, supra‐annular Evolut valve is an established platform for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Evolut PRO introduced an outer sealing wrap to mitigate paravalvular leakage. We evaluated the 3‐year clinical outcomes and valve performance of the Evolut PRO in standard clinical practice for severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients at intermediate or higher risk for surgery.

Methods

The FORWARD PRO prospective, single‐arm, multicentre, post‐market clinical study enrolled 638 patients with native aortic valve stenosis or failed surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve undergoing TAVI, at intermediate or high risk, with the Evolut PRO valve. Clinical and serial echocardiographic outcomes were followed‐up for 3 years.

Results

TAVI using Evolut PRO was attempted in 629 AS patients (implanted in 97%) (mean age 81.7 years; STS PROM score, 4.7%). At 3 years all‐cause mortality was 25.0%, disabling stroke 6.5% (all‐cause mortality or disabling stroke, 28.5%) and rate of new permanent pacemaker implantation 24.7%. Excellent valve haemodynamics were maintained (mean gradient 8.8 ± 4.7 mm Hg; mean effective orifice area 2.0 ± 0.5 cm2) at 3 years. In a paired analysis of patients with ≥ mild paravalvular leakage (PVL) at discharge, more than two‐thirds demonstrated improved PVL at 3 years. Patients with ≥ mild PVL at discharge had higher median total calcium volume than those with no/trace PVL (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In clinical practice TAVI with the Evolut PRO valve is associated with favorable clinical outcomes and excellent haemodynamic performance out to 3 years. The observation of improvements in PVL over time warrants further research.
BODIPY‐Based Small‐Molecule Photoacoustic Probes for Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Song Kaixuan , Gao Hu , Wang Xiaoqing , Liu Zhipeng
Published: December 2024

Advances in bioimaging technologies capable of visualizing physiological and pathological processes are of great significance for revealing diseases development and promoting clinical diagnosis and treatment. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, utilizing small‐molecule probes, offers a promising approach for achieving high‐spatiotemporal‐imaging of dynamic biological process. The development of near‐infrared absorbing dyes has significantly contributed to the research of small‐molecule PA probes, particularly boron‐dipyrromethene derivatives (BODIPYs) known for their simple synthesis, tunable NIR photophysical properties and superior PA imaging abilities. This review highlights recent advances in biomedical applications of BODIPY‐based PA probes, including the design strategies, spectral characteristics, response mechanisms and applications for imaging biomarkers such as reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, gaseous signaling molecules and metal ions. Moreover, their challenges and future prospects are elucidated. The insights provided in this review are expected to guide future studies on small‐molecule PA probes for bioimaging and biosensing.
Fine‐Scale Geographic Variation of Cladocopium in Acropora hyacinthus Across the Palauan Archipelago
Authors: Armstrong Katrina C. , Lippert Marilla , Hanson Erik , Nestor Victor , Cornwell Brendan , Walker Nia S. , Golbuu Yimnang , Palumbi Stephen R.
Published: December 2024

Symbiont genotype plays a vital role in the ability of a coral host to tolerate rising ocean temperatures, with some members of the family Symbiodiniaceae possessing more thermal tolerance than others. While existing studies on genetic structure in symbiont populations have focused on broader scales of 10–100 s of km, there is a noticeable gap in understanding the seascape genetics of coral symbionts at finer—yet ecologically and evolutionarily relevant—scales. Here, we mapped short reads from 271 holobiont genome libraries of individual Acropora hyacinthus colonies to protein coding genes from the chloroplast genome to identify patterns of symbiont population genetic structure. Utilizing this low‐pass method, we assayed over 13,000 bases from every individual, enabling us to discern genetic variation at a finer geographic scale than previously reported at the population level. We identified five common Cladocopium chloroplast SNP profiles present across Palau, with symbiont structure varying between Northern, mid‐lagoon, and Southern regions, and inshore–offshore gradients. Although symbiont populations within reefs typically contained significant genetic diversity, we also observed genetic structure between some nearby reefs. To explore whether coral hosts retain their symbionts post‐transplantation, we experimentally moved 79 corals from their native reefs to transplant sites with both different and similar chloroplast SNP profiles. Over 12 months, we observed 12 instances where transplanted corals changed profiles, often transitioning to a profile present in adjacent corals. Symbiont genetic structure between reefs suggests either low dispersal of symbionts or environmental selection against dispersers, both resulting in the potential for significant adaptive differentiation across reef environments. The extent to which local corals and their symbionts are co‐adapted to environments on a reef‐by‐reef scale is currently poorly known. Chloroplast sequences offer an additional tool for monitoring symbiont genetics and coral–symbiont interactions when assisted migration is used in restoration.
Cerium‐Catalyzed Ritter‐Type C−H Amination of Alkylarenes
Authors: Guan Renpeng , Wang Tianlin , Bennett Elliot L. , Huang Zhiliang , Xiao Jianliang
Published: December 2024

Reported here is a photocatalytic strategy for Ritter‐type C−H amination of alkylarenes with nitriles. Under the irradiation of blue light and the catalysis of a simple Ce(III) salt, alkylarenes were brominated by CBr3COOH and thereby channeled to the normal Ritter pathway to afford amide products. A wide range of alkylarenes and nitriles were tolerated, with a few equivalents of a nitrile being feasible.
AI‐assisted interpretation of changes in riparian woodland from archival aerial imagery using Meta's segment anything model
Authors: Dawson Martin , Dawson Henry , Gurnell Angela , Lewin John , Macklin Mark G.
Published: December 2024

An implementation of Meta's 2023 foundation artificial intelligence model, Segment Anything (SAM) is tested and used to assist in mapping changes in the extent of riparian woodland using publicly available archival aerial imagery along three gravel bed, meandering, river reaches in rural settings in the UK. Using visual prompts in interactive mode, this newly applied approach is shown to deliver substantial time savings over manual digitisation techniques and, for the type of imagery and the small‐scale deployed, potentially greater accuracy. When applied to high‐resolution (25 cm) aerial imagery SAM appears to be a practical and useful method for examining vegetation and landform change in a manner that has previously only been feasible through detailed field studies. The extent of riparian wood increased by 37–46% between 1999 and 2022 along all three reaches with extension occurring in three main situations: lateral expansion of existing woodland patches along stable or near stable banks; localised bankside establishment of trees transplanted under flood conditions; and progressive colonisation of point bars that developed through channel migration. Considering these factors, important conditions for the establishment, survival and expansion of riparian wood are discussed and likely differences in species distribution according to the geomorphic context are highlighted.
RS4 Type Resistant Starch Improves Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice by Interacting With Lactobacillus johnsonii
Authors: Xu Tao , Zhong Yongheng , Ji Shengyang , Xiao Hang , Li Jun , Li Kaimian , Li Peiwu , Lu Baiyi
Published: December 2024

RS4‐type resistant starches have been applied in food industry as thickeners or studied as functional foods for a long time. However, the influence and mechanism of RS4 on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been elucidated. In this study, sinapic acid starch ester (SASE) was chosen as a representative of functional RS4, and its anti‐diabetic activity and underlying mechanism were investigated. Results showed that SASE administration lowered blood glucose and ameliorated insulin resistance of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice via increasing serum butyrate level. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed the T2DM‐improving activity of SASE modulated gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that SASE selectively promoted the proliferation of butyrate‐producing bacterium. In vitro co‐culture of promoted gut bacterium with SASE revealed that Lactobacillus johnsonii was one of the key bacteria in the degradation of SASE. In conclusion, RS4 could selectively promote gut bacteria and increase short‐chain fatty acid production to alleviate T2DM.
Exogenous Methylation Inhibitor 5‐Azacytidine Accelerates Postharvest Leaf Senescence in Pak Choi by Modulating Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Zhijun , Su Tongbing , Zhao Xiuyun , Wang Weihong , Xin Xiaoyun , Zhang Deshuang , Yu Yangjun , Wang Zhongjiang , Zhou Linyi , Li Peirong , Zhang Fenglan , Yu Shuancang
Published: December 2024

The senescence of leafy vegetables is inherent and general after harvest. DNA methylation affects the senescence process of plant leaves. Limited studies have explored the impact of exogenous methylation inhibitors on postharvest vegetables and the mechanisms of their effects on the transcriptome and metabolome during storage. In this study, pak choi was immersed in 100 mg L−1 of 5‐azacytidine (AZ) (an inhibitor of methyltransferase) solutions, indicated that AZ yielded significant acceleration in leaf senescence. Compared to the control group, the AZ‐treated pak choi exhibited faster weight loss, higher malondialdehyde content, greater color change, and higher chlorophyllase activity. Transcriptomic and widely targeted metabolomic analyses were then performed on pak choi samples. Transcriptomic investigation disclosed that the chlorophyll degradation genes BraSGR2 and BraPPH were upregulated by AZ, leading to the degradation of more chlorophyll content. AZ effectively stimulated upregulation of the senescence‐associated genes (BraSAG20, BraSAG21, BraSRG1, and BraSRG2), thereby accelerating the pace of the senescence process. The widely targeted metabolomic analyses demonstrated that AZ downregulated the flavonoid synthase genes BraFLS1 and BraF3H, causing a relative decline in flavonoid levels. The study also unveiled a diminution in carbohydrate content during storage, further exacerbated by AZ. To encapsulate, our preliminary findings suggest that the application of AZ effectively accelerates the process of leaf senescence in stored pak choi, which helps us understand the relationship between DNA demethylation and vegetable senescence.
Turkish translation and validation of the body image in the pelvic organ prolapse questionnaire
Authors: Kul İlaynur , Uğurlucan Funda Güngör , Yaşa Cenk , Özgül Serap
Published: December 2024

Objective

The primary aim was to adapt the Body Image in the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Questionnaire (BIPOP‐Q) to Turkish culture and evaluate its reliability and validity. The secondary aim was to examine how body image is affected by partner status and the presence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms.

Methods

The study included 150 women with POP stage ≥2. The reliability of the BIPOP‐Q was evaluated by internal consistency and test–retest analyses. To assess the criterion validity of BIPOP‐Q, genital image and POP questionnaires were administered. Correlation coefficients were determined by Spearman correlation analysis. To evaluate the construct validity of the BIPOP‐Q, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare independent groups.

Results

The internal consistency of the BIPOP‐Q (Cronbach α = 0.918) was found to be high, and the test–retest reliability of the scale items (r = 0.538–0.828) ranged from moderate to excellent. Correlations between the BIPOP‐Q and criterion scale scores were found to be low to moderate (r = −0.450 to 0.377, P < 0.05). The two‐factor construct validity of the BIPOP‐Q was confirmed. Women without a partner or with symptomatic POP exhibited lower body image scores than women with a partner or with asymptomatic POP (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The Turkish BIPOP‐Q is a reliable and valid scale for assessing POP‐specific body image. Turkish women without a partner or with symptomatic POP appear to have more impaired body image. Further studies are needed to examine the responsiveness of the BIPOP‐Q to interventions.
The reciprocal relationship between emotion regulation and emotional exhaustion among Korean school counselors
Authors: Lim Hajin , Lee Sang Min
Published: December 2024

School counselors in South Korea are prone to emotional exhaustion due to job demands. To develop effective interventions for managing this exhaustion, it is essential to examine the relationship between emotion regulation strategies (ER), such as suppression and reappraisal, and exhaustion. Using a daily diary method and the Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM), this study explored how daily fluctuations in ER and exhaustion interact over 5 workdays with 111 school counselors. Results showed that emotional exhaustion persisted over time with a carry‐over effect, while emotion regulation did not carry over across days. Suppression and exhaustion mutually influenced each other over time, with higher suppression levels linked to greater exhaustion the following day in a specific context. Reappraisal showed context‐dependent effects, sometimes alleviating but occasionally exacerbating exhaustion. These findings emphasize the need for context‐sensitive interventions.
Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in Umbelliferone (UMB) Producing Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum (ZzEF8) Following Epigenetic Modification
Authors: Nair Aswati Ravindrananthan , Kaniyala Harshitha , Vardhan Mudumbi Harsha , Pillai Padmesh
Published: December 2024

Despite several studies documenting secondary metabolite (SM) production by endophytes, their commercial use is often limited owing to the research lacunae in the underlying biosynthetic pathway and the corresponding metabolic flux. Combining epigenetic modulation with RNA‐Seq analysis constitutes a promising approach for inducing regulatory gene(s) and thereby identifying their role in SM biosynthesis. Our earlier studies had identified the hypomethylating effects of prednisone in umbelliferone (UMB) (7‐hydroxyl coumarin) producing endophytic Fusarium oxysporum isolate, ZzEF8 isolated from Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes. Hypomethylating effect of prednisone (300 μM) in ZzEF8 was validated in present experiments revealing decrease in 5‐mC content (0.09 ± 0.01%) in prednisone treated ZzEF8 (PrZzEF8) compared to untreated control (UtZzEF8) (0.36 ± 0.01%). Subsequent RNA‐Seq analysis detected transcriptional alterations in PrZzEF8 compared to UtZzEF8. Transcripts with significant differential expression (−2 ≥ fold change (FC) ≥ 2; q‐value < 0.05) were detected for 64 transcripts, with 60 upregulated and four downregulated in PrZzEF8. Upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated as transmembrane transporters, non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), Type I and III polyketide synthase (PKS), phytoene dehydrogenase, bifunctional lycopene cyclase/phytoene synthase, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and various genes involved in nutrient assimilation, transcription factors and transporters regulating metabolite export. Expression analysis of the selected DEGs were validated by qRT‐PCR. Present study proposes UMB biosynthesis through acetate‐malonate pathway from acetate units via a pentaketide intermediate in ZzEF8 instead of the phenylpropanoid pathway reported in plants. Study is of relevance as the insights gained into the UMB biosynthetic pathway in ZzEF8 will help in strategizing scale‐up of UMB production.
Publication bias in studies on biologic therapy for children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Weil Ariel , Focht Gili , Atia Ohad
Published: December 2024

Objective

The utilization of biologic drugs in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surged following the publications of positive results in randomized controlled trials and real‐world studies. We aimed to explore the extent of publication bias associated with these findings.

Methods

Two reviewers assessed all abstracts evaluating the efficacy or safety of biologics presented at the annual European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology conferences from 2015 to 2019. Abstracts were classified as “positive” or “negative.” Time to publication was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curve and groups were compared using the log‐rank test. A Cox proportional model was utilized to determine the likelihood of publication.

Results

Out of 209 included abstracts, only 130 (62%) were published as full manuscripts. The median time to publication was 2.8 years (interquartile range = 0–8.2). In the univariate Cox model, the likelihood of publication was four times higher for abstracts reporting positive results (hazard ratio = 4.4 [95% confidence interval, CI = 2.3–8.5]). The probabilities for publication at 1, 3, and 5 years after the conference were 32%, 59%, and 66% for abstracts with significantly positive results in favor of biologic treatment compared to 10%, 22%, and 25% for those with negative results (p < 0.001). In multivariable model, positive results (odds ratio = 6.4 [95% CI = 2.5–16.4]) were significant associated with publication rate.

Conclusion

Only 62% of abstracts presented in medical conferences regarding biologics in pediatric IBD are eventually published as full manuscripts, and those reporting positive results were more likely to be published and at an earlier time. Clinicians, guideline groups, and medical authorities dealing with drug approval, need to be aware of potential publication bias of published studies when employing evidence‐based management strategies.
Influence of pediatric ERCP positioning on procedural outcomes: A single‐center study
Authors: Joseph Michael , Schiff Rebecca , Mark Jacob , Kramer Robert
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is traditionally done in the prone position. In pediatrics, patient anatomy and anesthesia practices are considerations that affect procedural success and anesthesia time. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety, procedural success, and efficiency of pediatric ERCP in the prone versus supine positions.

Methods

ERCPs from September 2016 to August 2023 were reviewed at our center. Demographic and procedure variables were collected. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine the effect of patient position on total anesthesia time.

Results

Two hundred and eighty‐three patients (378 ERCPs) were included. There were significant differences in fellow involvement, proportion of native papillae, procedural indication, and total anesthesia time by ERCP position. Multivariate linear regression found that supine position was associated with 9.3‐min decrease in anesthesia time and American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 1 or 2 was associated with 10.6‐min decrease in anesthesia time. Factors that were associated with increased anesthesia time were additional procedure, increased procedure time, and native papilla. Finally, we found a learning curve for transitioning from prone to supine position was between 10 and 40 cases. After the learning curve, we found 11‐min decrease in mean procedure time and 16‐min decrease in total anesthesia time in the supine position.

Conclusions

This is the first pediatric study to evaluate the role of patient positioning on ERCP outcomes and total anesthesia time. Given similar procedural outcomes, the impact of increased anesthesia time on neurodevelopment in children, and the cost to the patient, the supine position may be preferred to a prone position.