bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical making with a raspberry pi ‐ towards a conceptualization of librarians as makers
Authors: Parham Krista E. , Ferri Anna M. , Fan Stephanie , Murray Matthew P. , Lahr Rebecca A. , Grguric Ekatarina , Swamiraj Monica , Meyers Eric
Published: April 2015

Makerspaces, designated spaces to foster creativity and technology skills, are increasingly being incorporated into libraries. Although makerspaces in libraries are depicted positively in the literature and are praised by professional organizations, there is little exploration of the acculturation that results as libraries and makerspaces learn to coexist. In keeping with Matt Ratto's model of “critical making,” we used the process of collaboratively building an interactive Readers’ Advisory Device (RAD) that runs on a Raspberry Pi computer to elicit introspection. In this poster we describe how our interdisciplinary group faced challenges working with unfamiliar tools and technology through a non‐hierarchical, collaborative, and iterative process, seeking knowledge and skills from the maker community. We then engaged the wider community around both how and why we developed this device by exhibiting it at a Maker Faire. Our experience taught us about the making process and helped us think critically about the intersection of libraries and makerspace cultural values. We found that making is as much an act of networking as of creation.
How do college students choose mobile health/wellness applications?
Authors: Choi Wonchan , Stvilia Besiki
Published: April 2015

This poster reports on the findings from interviews with fifty college students regarding what mobile health and wellness applications students used and how they choose those applications. In terms of application types, calorie and daily activity counters, such as MyFitnessPal and Lose It!, were most popular for the participants in the study, followed by running trackers, such as Nike+ Running and MapMyRun, and exercise/workout trackers, such as Fitness Buddy and Ab Workouts. Students seemed to prefer free applications and they evaluated and chose applications both indirectly (i.e., based on third party information and recommendations) and directly (i.e., through use).
Functions of Twitter in Digital Libraries
Authors: Xie Iris , Ann Stevenson Jennifer
Published: April 2015

Twitter is a popular social media tool for people to connect and communicate with one another. In recent years, digital libraries (DLs) have added Twitter to their lists of social media tools as a way to engage with users. However, how digital librarians and users actually use this social media tool is unknown. In order to gain more knowledge about the use of Twitter, the authors conducted an open coding analysis of Tweets from 15 different DLs for the course of one year. Five types of functions of Twitters in DLs were selected and discussed, which represent the problems, promotion, related resources, social connection and social identity of DLs. In addition, their relationships were also explored.
LAM at Universities: Convergence in Graduate Education
Authors: Coleman Laura‐Edythe , Urban Richard J. , Marty Paul F. , Braun Kathy
Published: April 2015

This poster presents preliminary results from a one‐year project to study the convergence of Library and Information Studies, Archival Studies, and Museum Studies (LAM) education in ALA‐accredited graduate programs in North America. This mixed‐methods study resulted in a survey of graduate programs, and an on‐going series of interviews with key knowledgeable persons within those programs. Initial results reveal a tension between the desire to formalize ties among LAM graduate programs at universities and the desire to adhere to the inherent cultures of Libraries, Archives, and Museums.
The influence of task type on search experience from the perspective of time constraint
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Lu , Jiang Qin , Yang Fan , Zhao Yu
Published: April 2015

In this study, we explored the effect of time constraint on information acquisition and knowledge acquisition during search in two types of tasks: information understanding (IU) task and fact finding (FF) task. A user experiment was conducted. Participants were asked to conducted search tasks of these two types with and without time constraint. The results indicated that when no time constraint was set, although users spent significant more time in IU tasks, they produced similar amount of information and acquired similar amount of self‐rated knowledge in IU tasks and FF tasks. When searching under time constraint, even though participants produced significantly more information in IU tasks than in FF tasks, they acquired lower level of knowledge in IU tasks than in FF tasks. These results suggested that it took searchers more time to understand and interpret the information they found in IU tasks and they may first collect much information for later interpretation when given severe time constraint in IU tasks, but not in FF tasks.

Categories and Subject Descriptors

H.3.3 Information Storage and Retrieval: Information Search and Retrieval – search process.

General Terms

Measurement, Performance, Experimentation, Human Factors.
Parameter tuning: Exposing the gap between data curation and effective data analytics
Authors: Blake Catherine , Gabb Henry A.
Published: April 2015

The “big data” movement promises to deliver better decisions in all aspects of our lives from business to science health, and government by using computational techniques to identify patterns from large historical collections of data. Although a unified view from curation to analysis has been proposed, current research appears to have polarized into two separate groups: those curating large datasets and those developing computational methods to identify patterns in large datasets. The case study presented here demonstrates the enormous impact that parameter tuning can have on the resulting accuracy, precision, and recall of a computational model that is generated from data. It also illustrates the vastness of the parameter space that must be searched in order to produce optimal models and curated in order to avoid redundant experiments. This highlights the need for research that focuses on the gap between collection and analytics if we are to realize the potential of big data.
Primacy of paper: The importance of the medium in records management
Authors: Gruning Jane
Published: April 2015

This poster presents findings from a group ethnographic study of records managers at four different sites. At the site that is the focus of this analysis, research participants’ tasks primarily consisted of examining individual case files to determine if the files should be kept or destroyed under the relevant rules set by records managers. Close observation of work practices showed that application of records management rules varied depending on the medium of the records. This study begins the work of bridging a gap between archival and records management policies for interactions with records across varying media, and empirical research on how people interact with objects on varying media.
Towards building a collection of web archiving research articles
Authors: Ayala Brenda Reyes , Caragea Cornelia
Published: April 2015

The field of Web Archiving exists in a fluid, fragmented, and heterogeneous state. Part of the problem is that this field is relatively new and its literature is scattered across a wide range of journal and conference venues. This makes the state of Web Archiving as a discipline particularly difficult to ascertain. This paper presents an approach to building a collection of articles about the subject. We begin with a small dataset of articles taken from a Web Archiving Bibliography and then proceed to expand it by crawling the Web and collecting additional documents. The crawled documents are then classified using machine learning classification techniques. We show that by extracting the documents’ titles and abstracts and representing them using the “bag of words” approach, we are able to accurately identify documents from the Web crawler as documents that are about Web Archiving. We also discuss our results in the context of Web Archiving as an emerging field.
Accessibility cyberscapes and the digital divide
Authors: Benner Jessica G. , Oh Jung Sun
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we discuss early findings on a study of user generated accessibility information. We utilize data from OpenStreetMap that include tags related to wheelchair accessibility and compare the distribution of these data to other explanatory data collected in the American Community Survey. We perform a linear regression and find that the population of people with disabilities in an area had a stronger relationship with the frequency of data points than household income or the urban status. Future work includes analyzing the accessibility data within the context of other data found in OpenStreetMap, and the use of additional measures associated with the digital divide such as level of education or the number of available access points.
Explicit semantic path mining via wikipedia knowledge tree
Authors: Xia Tian , Chen Miao , Liu Xiaozhong
Published: April 2015

While classical bag‐of‐word (BoG) approaches represent text content in the word level, recent studies show that knowledge‐based concept indexation is a promising approach to further enhance the text search and mining performance. In this study, we propose a new knowledge indexation/extraction method, Explicit Semantic Path Mining (ESPM), for knowledge‐base text mining. It has roots in a concept‐based vector constructing method, Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), which has shown success in text mining tasks. For this new method, given an input piece of text, ESPM can efficiently identify the independent and optimized semantic path(s) on a concept map, which is, in this study, the Wikipedia category tree. Unlike earlier studies focusing on BoG based vector space, ESPM is a semantic path mining algorithm, which generates the top down semantic categories of a given text by leveraging the rich link information between Wikipedia categories and articles. Preliminary experiment based on ODP data shows ESPM delivers high quality independent semantic paths from both precision and ranking viewpoints.
When PIM goes public: A case study of organizedlikejen
Authors: Thomson Leslie
Published: April 2015

Typically, information scientists research videos and blogs, two types of online content, with the aim to understand the information behaviors and activities of those who seek and use such sources. Yet, beginning to understand the set of information‐intensive behaviors and activities that accompany online content creation is equally important. This poster presents an early case study of one self‐designated “Original Content Creator,” OrganizedLikeJen, a social media personality found on YouTube—as well as on sites like Tumblr, WordPress, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest—whose uploads often have an information‐related focus. The objective of this poster is to understand how OrganizedLikeJen might proffer a gateway to the investigation of several topics little taken up in current literature. What are possible information producing and sharing behaviors in these forums? What are possible information‐centric work practices in these forums? How might informal information providing careers be characterized? Could OrganizedLikeJen specifically indicate information popularization among broad audiences?
Site based data curation: Developing a data portal for geobiologists at yellowstone national park
Authors: Gordon Sean C , Thomer Andrea K. , DiLauro Timothy , Jett Jacob G. , Fouke Bruce W. , Palmer Carole L.
Published: April 2015

The Site‐Based Data Curation (SBDC) project at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign has developed a framework of policies and processes for the curation of research data generated at scientifically significant sites. In this poster, we report on the implementation of packaging methods for submission of geobiology data to repositories, templates for organizing data for better management, aggregation, and discovery, and the implementation of a prototype repository interface. The poster will be paired with a demonstration of the discovery interface for the repository.
Axisymmetric thermal consolidation of multilayered porous thermoelastic media due to a heat source
Authors: Ai Z. Y. , Wang L. J.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents an analytical layer element solution to axisymmetric thermal consolidation of multilayered porous thermoelastic media containing a deep buried heat source. By applying the Laplace–Hankel transform to the state variables involved in the basic governing equations of porous thermoelasticity, the analytical layer elements that describe the relationship between the transformed generalized stresses and displacements of a finite layer and a half‐space are derived. The global stiffness matrix equation is obtained by assembling the interrelated layer elements, and the real solutions in the physical domain are achieved by numerical inversion of the Laplace–Hankel transform after obtaining the solutions in the transformed domain. Finally, numerical calculations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of this method and to investigate the influence of heat source's types, layering, and the porous thermoelastic material parameters on thermal consolidation behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preconditioned GSOR iterative method for a class of complex symmetric system of linear equations
Authors: Hezari Davod , Edalatpour Vahid , Salkuyeh Davod Khojasteh
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we present a preconditioned variant of the generalized successive overrelaxation (GSOR) iterative method for solving a broad class of complex symmetric linear systems. We study conditions under which the spectral radius of the iteration matrix of the preconditioned GSOR method is smaller than that of the GSOR method and determine the optimal values of iteration parameters. Numerical experiments are given to verify the validity of the presented theoretical results and the effectiveness of the preconditioned GSOR method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in electronic health record databases
Authors: Davis Robert L. , Gallagher Mia A. , Asgari Maryam M. , Eide Melody J. , Margolis David J. , Macy Eric , Burmester James K. , Selvam Nandini , Boscarino Joseph A. , Cromwell Lee F. , Feigelson Heather S. , Kuntz Jennifer L. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Penfold Robert B. , Raebel Marsha A. , Sridhar Gayathri , Wu Ann , La Grenade Lois A. , Pacanowski Michael A. , Pinheiro Simone P.
Published: April 2015

Background

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) carry a high mortality risk. While identifying clinical and genetic risk factors for these conditions has been hindered by their rarity, large electronic health databases hold promise for identifying large numbers of cases for study, especially with the introduction in 2008 of ICD‐9 codes more specific for these conditions.

Objective

The objective of this study is to estimate the validity of ICD‐9 codes for ascertaining SJS/TEN in 12 collaborating research units in the USA, covering almost 60 million lives.

Methods

From the electronic databases at each site, we ascertained potential cases of SJS/TEN using ICD‐9 codes. At five sites, a subset of medical records was abstracted and standardized criteria applied by board‐certified dermatologists to adjudicate diagnoses. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with validated SJS/TEN cases.

Results

A total of 56 591 potential cases of SJS/TEN were identified. A subset of 276 charts was selected for adjudication and 39 (of the 276) were confirmed as SJS/TEN. Patients with the ICD‐9 codes introduced after 2008 were more likely to be confirmed as cases (OR 3.32; 95%CI 0.82, 13.47) than those identified in earlier years. Likelihood of case status increased with length of hospitalization. Applying the probability of case status to the 56 591 potential cases, we estimated 475–875 to be valid SJS/TEN cases.

Conclusion

Newer ICD‐9 codes, along with length of hospitalization, identified patients with a high likelihood of SJS/TEN. This is important for identification of subjects for future pharmacogenomics studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic profile of the plant‐pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici in response to the fungicide pyrimorph
Authors: Pang Zhili , Chen Lei , Miao Jianqiang , Wang Zhiwen , Bulone Vincent , Liu Xili
Published: April 2015

Pyrimorph is a novel fungicide from the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) family used to control plant‐pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora capsici. The proteomic response of P. capsici to pyrimorph was investigated using the iTRAQ technology to determine the target site of the fungicide and potential biomarker candidates of drug efficacy. A total of 1336 unique proteins were identified from the mycelium of wild‐type P. capsici isolate (Hd3) and two pyrimorph‐resistant mutants (R3‐1 and R3‐2) grown in the presence or absence of pyrimorph. Comparative analysis revealed that the three P. capsici isolates Hd3, R3‐1, and R3‐2 produced 163, 77, and 13 unique proteins, respectively, which exhibited altered levels of abundance in response to the pyrimorph treatment. Further investigations, using Cluster of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis identified 35 proteins related to the mode of action of pyrimorph against P. capsici and 62 proteins involved in the stress response of P. capsici to pyrimorph. Many of the proteins with altered expression were associated with glucose and energy metabolism. Biochemical analysis using d‐[U‐14C]glucose verified the proteomics data, suggesting that the major mode of action of pyrimorph in P. capsici is the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. These results also illustrate that proteomics approaches are useful tools for determining the pathways targeted by novel fungicides as well as for evaluating the tolerance of plant pathogens to environmental challenges, such as the presence of fungicides.
Proteomic analysis of the kidney filtration barrier—Problems and perspectives
Authors: Rinschen Markus M. , Benzing Thomas , Limbutara Kavee , Pisitkun Trairak
Published: April 2015

Diseases of the glomerular filter of the kidney are a leading cause of end‐stage renal failure. The kidney filter is localized within the renal glomeruli, small microvascular units that are responsible for ultrafiltration of about 180 liters of primary urine every day. The renal filter consists of three layers, fenestrated endothelial cells, glomerular basement membrane, and the podocytes, terminally differentiated, arborized epithelial cells. This review demonstrates the use of proteomics to generate insights into the regulation of the renal filtration barrier at a molecular level. The advantages and disadvantages of different glomerular purification methods are examined, and the technical limitations that have been significantly improved by in silico or biochemical approaches are presented. We also comment on phosphoproteomic studies that have generated considerable molecular‐level understanding of the physiological regulation of the kidney filter. Lastly, we conclude with an analysis of urinary exosomes as a potential filter‐derived resource for the noninvasive discovery of glomerular disease mechanisms.
Low‐kinetic energy impact response of auxetic and conventional open‐cell polyurethane foams
Authors: Allen T. , Shepherd J. , Hewage T. A. M. , Senior T. , Foster L. , Alderson A.
Published: April 2015

This paper reports quasi‐static and low‐kinetic energy impact testing of auxetic and conventional open‐cell polyurethane foams. The auxetic foams were fabricated using the established thermo‐mechanical process originally developed by Lakes. Converted foams were subject to compression along each dimension to 85% and 70% of the unconverted dimension during the conversion process, corresponding to linear compression ratios of 0.85 and 0.7, respectively. The 0.7 linear compression ratio foams were confirmed to have a re‐entrant foam cell structure and to be auxetic. Impact tests were performed for kinetic energies up to 4 J using an instrumented drop rig and high speed video. A flat dropper was employed on isolated foams, and a hemispherical‐shaped dropper on foams covered with a rigid polypropylene outer shell layer. The flat dropper tests provide data on the rate dependency of the Poisson's ratio in these foam test specimens. The foam Poisson's ratios were found to be unaffected by the strain rate for the impact energies considered here. Acceleration‐time data are reported along with deformation images from the video footage. The auxetic samples displayed a six times reduction in peak acceleration, showing potential in impact protector devices such as shin or thigh protectors in sports equipment applications.
Advancement in treating some features of CIGS thin film solar cells during manufacturing
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Li Zhongli , Chang Hsueh Hsin , Letha Arya Jagadhamma , Shao Lexi , Zhang Yafei , Hwang Huey Liang
Published: April 2015

In‐line sputtering and selenization have become the industrial standard, but it is difficult to predict and control the local chemical composition of the film. The present communication reports on the material design, device design and process design. These designs use parameters that are closely related to their chemical compositions, as a variation in composition leads to modification of the Poisson equation, current equation and continuity equation. Therefore, there is a need to build a model that relates the optoelectrical properties and device structural parameters that will be loaded into the process simulation, to obtain the complete set of process control parameters. The detailed optical and electrical properties are also investigated for the development of an analytical solar cell simulator. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
5‐HT1B receptor imaging and cognition: A positron emission tomography study in control subjects and parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Varrone Andrea , Svenningsson per , Marklund Petter , Fatouros‐Bergman Helena , Forsberg Anton , Halldin Christer , Nilsson Lars‐Göran , Farde Lars
Published: April 2015

Introduction

The serotonin 5‐HT1B receptor subtype is involved in the modulation of serotonin release and is a target of interest for neuroreceptor imaging. Previous studies have shown that the serotonin system is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive function, frequently impaired in PD, has been linked to the serotonin system. The aim of this study was to examine whether 5‐HT1B receptor availability in the brain of healthy subjects and PD patients is associated with measures of cognitive function.

Methods

Twelve control subjects and ten PD patients with normal mini‐mental state examination scores were included in this study. Cognitive function was evaluated by assessment of semantic, episodic, and working memory, as well as fluency and visual attention. Creative ability, a measure of divergent thinking, was examined with the alternative uses of objects task. PET measurements were performed with the 5‐HT1B receptor‐radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 using the HRRT system.

Results

PD patients showed statistically significant lower measures of semantic and episodic memory, as well as creative ability, compared with control subjects. Statistically significant positive correlations were found in control subjects between creative ability and average 5‐HT1B receptor availability in grey matter, and in PD patients between scores of Beck Depression Inventory‐II and creative ability.

Conclusion

Though creativity has been conventionally linked to dopamine function, our findings in control subjects suggest a link between 5‐HT1B receptor availability and creative ability. In PD patients, creative ability was significantly associated with depressive symptoms but not with 5‐HT1B receptor availability. This finding deserves further investigation in future studies. Synapse 69:365–374, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
La pregunta de investigación en educación médica
Authors: Martínez González Adrián , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor
Published: April 2015

La pregunta de investigación es un elemento fundamental del proceso científico en educación médica, como parte del continuo integrado por una secuencia lógica de actividades que procura descubrir las características de los fenómenos y procesos educativos así como las relaciones entre sus elementos, mediante la observación, el raciocinio y la comprobación, permitiendo avanzar el conocimiento de la disciplina.

En este artículo se analiza el inicio de la investigación en educación médica cuando el investigador tiene conciencia de un problema que genera interrogantes ante las cuales se buscan respuestas. La pregunta de investigación es una aproximación estructurada ante la incertidumbre en torno de un problema que el investigador pretende resolver o aclarar; incertidumbre relacionada con un vacío en el conocimiento de la realidad o incertidumbre ante una contradicción. Se revisan los propósitos de la pregunta de investigación. Se reflexiona sobre los retos a superar al plantearla y se ejemplifica con tres enfoques: los aspectos de una actividad educacional (quién, cuándo, dónde, qué, cómo y porqué); el enfoque "PICOT", similar al utilizado en Medicina Basada en Evidencias; el método sistemático de Bordaee y Dawson con nueve preguntas.  Asimismo, se sugiere valorar las preguntas con los siguientes criterios: factibilidad, interés, novedad, ética y relevancia.Los enfoques que se recomiendan tienen elementos comunes y complementarios por lo que cada investigador puede seleccionar el que responda mejor a sus necesidades y objetivos, dado que en el proceso de la investigación no hay "recetas de cocina" rígidas sino se trata de un proceso de razonamiento creativo y complejo que no tiene límites o rutas lineales específicas.
‘IT'S IN OUR BLOOD’: MALI'S GRIOTS AND MUSICAL ENSKILMENT
Authors: Marchand Trevor H. J.
Published: April 2015

Film review of Da Kali: the pledge of the art of the griot (2013, 86 minutes) and Dò Farala A Kan: something has been added (2013, 69 minutes). French and Bamanankan, with English subtitles. Directed by Lucy Durán, edited by Michele Banal, and made with assistance from Lassana Diabaté.
Anselm of Canterbury on the fall of the devil: the hard problem, the harder problem, and a new formal model of the first sin
Authors: WOOD WILLIAM
Published: April 2015

The fall of the devil poses two distinct philosophical problems. Only one of those problems has received sufficient scholarly attention. The hard problem asks how the devil's choice to disobey God can be both suitably free and morally significant. The harder problem asks how it can be subjectively rational. Explaining the former does not suffice for explaining the latter. Drawing on the thought of Anselm of Canterbury, I develop a model of the first sin that uses the framework of consumer preference theory to show how Satan's act of disobedience can be free, morally significant, and subjectively rational.
IMPLICIT LEARNING OF SEMANTIC PREFERENCES OF VERBS
Authors: Paciorek Albertyna , Williams John N.
Published: April 2015

Previous studies of semantic implicit learning in language have only examined learning grammatical form-meaning connections in which learning could have been supported by prior linguistic knowledge. In this study we target the domain of verb meaning, specifically semantic preferences regarding novel verbs (e.g., the preference for a novel verb to take abstract objects). Using a reaction time methodology we show that, after exposure to correct verb-noun combinations, reaction times to incorrect combinations are slowed down even for participants who are unaware of the semantic regularity. This effect was obtained on a decision that was irrelevant to the actual underlying regularity, suggesting that the knowledge that has been acquired exerts its influence automatically, hence satisfying one criterion for implicitness. Combined with a lack of verbalizable knowledge, these experiments provide strong evidence for semantic implicit learning in language.
Reflecting Absence, or How Ground Zero Was Purged of Its Material History (2001–2010)
Authors: Toor Bob van , Ronnes Hanneke
Published: April 2015

The development of the urban space of Ground Zero has been a long and difficult process, resulting in the removal of almost all of its material history. The material objects formerly present on the site had an important part and significant agency in the struggle between different stakeholders of Ground Zero. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and Larry Silverstein, owner and leaseholder of the sixteen acres that held the Twin Towers, intended to rebuild the ten million square feet of office space that was destroyed on 9/11. This force of production asserted itself over possible modes of consumption of the space, each championed and represented by overlapping groups of people. Some wished to see the space redeveloped as a site of mourning, others as a site fit for touristic consumption, as a space for residence, or as a site representing a material past older than 9/11. It shall be argued that for these consumer groups the symbolic complexity of the site, and its potential power in political performances, was intricately connected to space and the material agency of objects remaining on Ground Zero post 2001.
Nazi-Looted Art from East and West in East Prussia: Initial Findings on the Erich Koch Collection
Authors: Grimsted Patricia Kennedy
Published: April 2015

The article contrasts long-suppressed details of German art seizures during the Second World War from Ukrainian state museums and Western Jewish dealers, ordered to Königsberg by Erich Koch, Gauleiter of East Prussia and Reich Commissar of Ukraine. While most of the art from Kyiv was destroyed by retreating Germans when the Red Army arrived (February 1945), here we investigate “survivors.” Initial provenance findings about the collection Koch evacuated to Weimar in February 1945 reveal some paintings from Kyiv. More, however, were seized from Dutch and French Holocaust victims by Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring and his cohorts, including Jewish dealers Jacques Goudstikker (Amsterdam) and Georges Wildenstein (Paris). Many paintings deposited in Weimar disappeared west; others seized by Soviet authorities were transported to the Hermitage. These initial findings draw attention to hitherto overlooked contrasting examples of patterns of Nazi art looting and destruction in the East and West, and the pan-European dispersal of important works of art.
Excessive bird collecting in Malawi: a new threat
Authors: DOWSETT-LEMAIRE FRANCOISE , WILSON JOHN G. M. , MEDLAND ROBERT D. , ROXBURGH LIZANNE
Published: April 2015

Malawi is under heavy pressure for land by an increasing human population, and there is little natural habitat left outside gazetted wildlife and forest reserves. Widespread collecting of birds in Malawi’s small protected rain forests by the National Museum of Malawi in conjunction with Western academic institutions has been taking place almost yearly since 2001 and has continued until at least 2011. The collection of specimens, although often a contentious issue, does have scientific value but should be undertaken in a limited way with careful evaluation of the populations from which birds are being taken. We consider that the numbers collected are likely to pose a threat to some bird populations in view of their isolation and the slow turn-over rates of breeding individuals. Collecting has been carried out in some of the same reserves two or three times within a few years. Examples are given of very small populations in Malawi and adjacent Mozambique where the slightest off-take would be very dangerous. Many species have been collected during their breeding season, which we find both wasteful and unethical. Several of the species collected occur in no more than one or two reserves today in Malawi and in such instances we recommend their complete protection. We are also concerned about the example presented to the local communities, reserve wardens and young conservation biologists by the off-take of hundreds of birds in official reserves which were primarily set up for the protection of wildlife.
Long-term atorvastatin–ezetimibe–probucol triple therapy for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia from early childhood
Authors: Lin Minjie , Dai Helong , Zhao Shuiping
Published: April 2015

In this observational case report, we share our experience of achieving >40% LDL cholesterol reduction in four Chinese homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia children below 8 years of age with a triple combination of atorvastatin, probucol, and ezetimibe for >6 years. Within a follow-up duration of 6–13 years, this triple therapy achieved significant reduction of LDL cholesterol as well as an impressive regression of xanthomas in all paediatric cases. All the children remained free from treatment-related adverse responses and cardiovascular events throughout follow-up.
Popular Nationalism in the Wake of the 2011 National Elections in Singapore
Authors: LIM JASON
Published: April 2015

This article is about the contestation of two different forms of nationalism in Singapore during and after two elections in 2011. Manufactured nationalism is top-down, state-defined and economically driven, concerned mainly about accumulation of national wealth through globalization that would eventually ‘trickle down’ to the masses. This view is promoted by the ruling People's Action Party (PAP). The PAP projects Singapore as a state born out of the party's triumph over colonialism, racial violence, and communist insurgency. Popular nationalism, on the other hand, is bottom-up and people driven, concerned about local issues concerning national identity, social cohesion, and an appreciation (or at least an understanding) of local heritage. Proponents of popular nationalism emphasize a common beginning (birth of independent Singapore on 9 August 1965), shared historical memories (local heritage), several elements of a common culture (such as the use of Singlish), and an association with a specific ‘homeland’ (born and raised in Singapore and, for males, the completion of conscription). They view Singapore as a nation-state with a unique and evolving identity destabilized by a liberal immigration policy. The elections generated considerable attention due to the gains by the opposition parties and the public airing of frustrations against the PAP government. These frustrations are strongly driven by the influx of new migrants, especially those classified as ‘foreign talent’ by the PAP government. In this article, I argue that popular nationalism has emerged in twenty-first century Singapore and examine the debates over the future of Singapore during and after the elections.
Centenary Celebration for Scottish Missionary Mary Slessor: A Lasting Legacy for Twins/Twin Research: Twins With Kleinfelter's Syndrome; Twin Research on Atopic Diseases; Twin Study of Autism; Psychotherapy with Twins / General Interest: Female Twin Pole-Vaulters; Longest Twin Birth Interval; Pair of Franco-Cuban Vocalists; Croatian Twin Models
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: April 2015

The centenary celebration for Scottish missionary, Mary Slessor, took place on February 14, 2015 in Melle, Belgium. Slessor saved many newborn twins and their mothers from death and disownment by members of their community, including their families, who believed twins harbored evil spirits. The events of this unusual and significant gathering are described. Next, twin research and reports concerning Kleinfelter's disease, atopic diseases, autism and psychotherapy are presented. General interest subjects include identical female twin pole-vaulters, the longest twin birth interval, Franco-Cuban twin vocalists, and Croatian twin models.
Calcite-accumulating large sulfur bacteria of the genus Achromatium in Sippewissett Salt Marsh
Authors: Salman Verena , Yang Tingting , Berben Tom , Klein Frieder , Angert Esther , Teske Andreas
Published: April 2015

Large sulfur bacteria of the genus Achromatium are exceptional among Bacteria and Archaea as they can accumulate high amounts of internal calcite. Although known for more than 100 years, they remain uncultured, and only freshwater populations have been studied so far. Here we investigate a marine population of calcite-accumulating bacteria that is primarily found at the sediment surface of tide pools in a salt marsh, where high sulfide concentrations meet oversaturated oxygen concentrations during the day. Dynamic sulfur cycling by phototrophic sulfide-oxidizing and heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria co-occurring in these sediments creates a highly sulfidic environment that we propose induces behavioral differences in the Achromatium population compared with reported migration patterns in a low-sulfide environment. Fluctuating intracellular calcium/sulfur ratios at different depths and times of day indicate a biochemical reaction of the salt marsh Achromatium to diurnal changes in sedimentary redox conditions. We correlate this calcite dynamic with new evidence regarding its formation/mobilization and suggest general implications as well as a possible biological function of calcite accumulation in large bacteria in the sediment environment that is governed by gradients. Finally, we propose a new taxonomic classification of the salt marsh Achromatium based on their adaptation to a significantly different habitat than their freshwater relatives, as indicated by their differential behavior as well as phylogenetic distance on 16S ribosomal RNA gene level. In future studies, whole-genome characterization and additional ecophysiological factors could further support the distinctive position of salt marsh Achromatium.
Impact of charge transport on current–voltage characteristics and power-conversion efficiency of organic solar cells
Authors: Würfel Uli , Neher Dieter , Spies Annika , Albrecht Steve
Published: April 2015

This work elucidates the impact of charge transport on the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. Here we show that the analysis of current–voltage curves of organic solar cells under illumination with the Shockley equation results in values for ideality factor, photocurrent and parallel resistance, which lack physical meaning. Drift-diffusion simulations for a wide range of charge-carrier mobilities and illumination intensities reveal significant carrier accumulation caused by poor transport properties, which is not included in the Shockley equation. As a consequence, the separation of the quasi Fermi levels in the organic photoactive layer (internal voltage) differs substantially from the external voltage for almost all conditions. We present a new analytical model, which considers carrier transport explicitly. The model shows excellent agreement with full drift-diffusion simulations over a wide range of mobilities and illumination intensities, making it suitable for realistic efficiency predictions for organic solar cells.
Real-time submillisecond single-molecule FRET dynamics of freely diffusing molecules with liposome tethering
Authors: Kim Jae-Yeol , Kim Cheolhee , Lee Nam Ki
Published: April 2015

Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is one of the powerful techniques for deciphering the dynamics of unsynchronized biomolecules. However, smFRET is limited in its temporal resolution for observing dynamics. Here, we report a novel method for observing real-time dynamics with submillisecond resolution by tethering molecules to freely diffusing 100-nm-sized liposomes. The observation time for a diffusing molecule is extended to 100 ms with a submillisecond resolution, which allows for direct analysis of the transition states from the FRET time trace using hidden Markov modelling. We measure transition rates of up to 1,500 s–1 between two conformers of a Holliday junction. The rapid diffusional migration of Deinococcus radiodurans single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) on single-stranded DNA is resolved by FRET, faster than that of Escherichia coli SSB by an order of magnitude. Our approach is a powerful method for studying the dynamics and movements of biomolecules at submillisecond resolution.
Spin crossover with thermal hysteresis: practicalities and lessons learnt
Authors: Brooker Sally
Published: April 2015

Memory applications of spin crossover require bistability: magnetic data must be appropriately collected and reported, and consideration given to lifetimes.
Understanding corrosion inhibition with van der Waals DFT methods: the case of benzotriazole
Authors: Gattinoni Chiara , Michaelides Angelos
Published: April 2015

The corrosion of materials is an undesirable and costly process affecting many areas of technology and everyday life. As such, considerable effort has gone into understanding and preventing it. Organic molecule based coatings can in certain circumstances act as effective corrosion inhibitors. Although they have been used to great effect for more than sixty years, how they function at the atomic-level is still a matter of debate. In this work, computer simulation approaches based on density functional theory are used to investigate benzotriazole (BTAH), one of the most widely used and studied corrosion inhibitors for copper. In particular, the structures formed by protonated and deprotonated BTAH molecules on Cu(111) have been determined and linked to their inhibiting properties. It is found that hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions and steric repulsions all contribute in shaping how BTAH molecules adsorb, with flat-lying structures preferred at low coverage and upright configurations preferred at high coverage. The interaction of the dehydrogenated benzotriazole molecule (BTA) with the copper surface is instead dominated by strong chemisorptionviathe azole moiety with the aid of copper adatoms. Structures of dimers or chains are found to be the most stable structures at all coverages, in good agreement with scanning tunnelling microscopy results. Benzotriazole thus shows a complex phase behaviour in which van der Waals forces play an important role and which depends on coverage and on its protonation state and all of these factors feasibly contribute to its effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor.
Rapid screening of critical process parameters based on near infrared spectroscopy: a case study of the ethanol precipitation process
Authors: Yan Binjun , Qu Haibin
Published: April 2015

Rapid screening of critical process parameters based on NIRS.
Release of toxic ammonia and volatile organic compounds by heated cannabis and their relation to tetrahydrocannabinol content
Authors: Smith David , Bloor Roger , George Claire , Pysanenko Andriy , Španěl Patrik
Published: April 2015

Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been used to analyse the volatile compounds released when “street” cannabis is heated in the commercial device known as the “Volcano”.
The histone H3 N-terminal tail: a computational analysis of the free energy landscape and kinetics
Authors: Zheng Yuqing , Cui Qiang
Published: April 2015

Extensive molecular dynamics simulations and Markov State models are used to characterize the free energy landscape and kinetics of the histone H3 N-terminal tail, which plays a critical role in regulating chromatin dynamics and gene activity.
Thermal conversion of a tailored metal–organic framework into lithium silicate with an unusual morphology for efficient CO2 capture
Authors: Lee Jae Hwa , Moon Byoungnam , Kim Tae Kyung , Jeoung Sungeun , Moon Hoi Ri
Published: April 2015

Thermal conversion of a Li- and Si-containing MOF produces ceramic Li4SiO4 with a coral-like morphology, which is an advanced CO2 absorbent with high uptake and fast absorption.
Syntheses and reductions of C-dimesitylboryl-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes
Authors: Kahlert Jan , Böhling Lena , Brockhinke Andreas , Stammler Hans-Georg , Neumann Beate , Rendina Louis M. , Low Paul J. , Weber Lothar , Fox Mark A.
Published: April 2015

An investigation ofC-dimesitylboryl-ortho-carboranes, 1-(BMes2)-2-R-1,2-C2B10H10(1and2), reveals that the carborane is the electron-acceptor and the mesityl group is the electron-donor in these dyads.
Color tunable and near white-light emission of two solvent-induced 2D lead(ii) coordination networks based on a rigid ligand 1-tetrazole-4-imidazole-benzene
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhang Qing , Liu Zhi-Fa , Wang Shuai-Hua , Xiao Yu , Li Rong , Xu Jian-Gang , Zhao Ya-Ping , Zheng Fa-Kun , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: April 2015

Two solvent-induced Pb(ii)-tzib− (Htzib = 1-tetrazole-4-imidazole-benzene) coordination polymers display color tunable and near white-light emissions upon varying excitation wavelengths.
Ferrocene/fullerene hybrids showing large second-order nonlinear optical activities: impact of the cage unit size
Authors: Wang Wen-Yong , Wang Li , Ma Na-Na , Zhu Chang-Li , Qiu Yong-Qing
Published: April 2015

Ferrocene/fullerene complexes through face-to-face fusion enjoy the merits of both ferrocene and fullerene due to their strong donor–acceptor interactions.
Highly manufacturable graphene oxide biosensor for sensitive Interleukin-6 detection
Authors: Huang Jingfeng , Chen Hu , Niu Wenbin , Fam Derrick W. H. , Palaniappan Alagappan , Larisika Melanie , Faulkner Steve H. , Nowak Christoph , Nimmo Myra A. , Liedberg Bo , Tok Alfred I. Y.
Published: April 2015

Reduced graphene oxide can be used as a sensitive label-free sensor transducer for detection of Interleukin-6 proteins, by overcoming the variable coverage and high electrical resistance, via ethanol Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD).
Effect of compressive strain on the Hertzian contact of self-mated fluorinated carbon films
Authors: Zhang Renhui , Wang Liping
Published: April 2015

The limitation of the low friction mechanism of self-mated fluorinated carbon films was well probed by the first-principles method.
Fast and reversible photo-responsive wettability on TiO2 based hybrid surfaces
Authors: Petroffe Gwendoline , Wang Chao , Sallenave Xavier , Sini Gjergji , Goubard Fabrice , Péralta Sébastien
Published: April 2015

A hybrid surface exhibiting a fast and reversible switch between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states was prepared by spin-coating a porous TiO2 layer by a mixture of TiO2 nanoparticles with 11-(4-phenylazo)phenoxy undecanoic acid (denoted as the AzoC11 acid).
An Examination of Strategy Implementation During Abstract Nonlinguistic Category Learning in Aphasia
Authors: Vallila-Rohter Sofia , Kiran Swathi
Published: April 2015

Purpose

Our purpose was to study strategy use during nonlinguistic category learning in aphasia.

Method

Twelve control participants without aphasia and 53 participants with aphasia (PWA) completed a computerized feedback-based category learning task consisting of training and testing phases. Accuracy rates of categorization in testing phases were calculated. To evaluate strategy use, strategy analyses were conducted over training and testing phases. Participant data were compared with model data that simulated complex multi-cue, single feature, and random pattern strategies. Learning success and strategy use were evaluated within the context of standardized cognitive–linguistic assessments.

Results

Categorization accuracy was higher among control participants than among PWA. The majority of control participants implemented suboptimal or optimal multi-cue and single-feature strategies by testing phases of the experiment. In contrast, a large subgroup of PWA implemented random patterns, or no strategy, during both training and testing phases of the experiment.

Conclusions

Person-to-person variability arises not only in category learning ability but also in the strategies implemented to complete category learning tasks. PWA less frequently developed effective strategies during category learning tasks than control participants. Certain PWA may have impairments of strategy development or feedback processing not captured by language and currently probed cognitive abilities.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170330