bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUANTIZATION SCHEME FOR FERMIONIC SYSTEM AND s-ORDERED OPERATOR EXPANSION FORMULA OF FERMIONIC DENSITY OPERATORS
Authors: XU YE-JUN , SONG JUN , YUAN HONG-CHUN , FAN HONG-YI , LIU QIU-YU
Published: March 2011

We introduce the generalized fermionic Wigner operator with an s parameter. Based on its remarkable properties, we establish one-to-one mapping between fermion operators and their s-parametrized pseudo-classical correspondence, which may involve fermionic Weyl pseudo-classical correspondence, P-representation and Q-representation in a unified way. Furthermore, starting with the projector of the fermionic coherent state, we obtain the s-ordered operator expansion formula of fermionic density operators, which includes normally ordered, antinormally ordered and Weyl ordered product of operators for different values of s. Applications in calculating some Fermi operators' s-ordered expansions are presented.
ELECTROMAGNETISM AND TIME-ASYMMETRY
Authors: WEINSTEIN STEVEN
Published: March 2011

It is a commonplace to note that in a world governed by special or general relativity, an observer has access only to data within her past lightcone (if that). The significance of this for prediction, and thus for confirmation, does not however seem to have been appreciated. In this paper we show that what we regard as our most well-confirmed relativistic theory, Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, is not at all well-confirmed in the absence of an additional assumption, the assumption that all fields have sources in their past. We conclude that we have reason to believe that there is a lawlike time-asymmetry in the world.
HIGHER DIMENSIONAL COSMOLOGY: RELATIONS AMONG THE RADII OF TWO HOMOGENEOUS SPACES
Authors: LEÓN E. A. , NÚÑEZ-LÓPEZ R. , LIPOVKA A. , NIETO J. A.
Published: March 2011

We study a cosmological model in (1+D+d) dimensions where D dimensions are associated with the usual Friedmann–Robertson–Walker type metric with radio a(t) and d dimensions corresponds to an additional homogeneous space with radio b(t). We make a general analysis of the field equations and then we obtain solutions involving the two cosmological radii, a(t) and b(t). The particular case D = 3, d = 1 is studied in some detail.
CLASSICAL MECHANICS OF MANY PARTICLES DEFINED ON CANONICALLY DEFORMED NONRELATIVISTIC SPACETIME
Authors: DASZKIEWICZ MARCIN , WALCZYK CEZARY J.
Published: March 2011

We provide the classical mechanics of many particles moving in canonically twist-deformed spacetime. In particular, we consider two examples of such noncommutative systems — the set of N particles moving in gravitational field as well as the system of N interacting harmonic oscillators.
COMPOSITES OF THE TITANIA THIN FILMS IMPLANTED BY Ge AND Si
Authors: ZHOU YANJUN , HE FANG , HUANG YUAN , WAN YIZAO , WANG YULIN
Published: March 2011

By using reactive magnetron sputtering system, titanium dioxide thin films were fabricated onto quartz substrate, and then modified by Ge and Si atoms that were introduced with ion implantation method. XRD, AFM, XPS, and UV-vis were used to characterize these films, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was adopted to examine the atomic chemical states of implanted titanium dioxide thin films. The results show that there are Ge and silicon oxides precipitations in TiO 2 matrices. The implanted Ge + Si thin film exhibits an intense absorption band within visible region, which will further benefit its practical applications.
CREEP CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERALLOY IN-738 USING ULTRASONIC NONLINEARITY MEASUREMENT
Authors: KIM CHUNG SEOK , HYUN CHANG YOUNG , JHANG KYOUNG YOUNG
Published: March 2011

The higher harmonic generation technique has been presented to investigate the creep characteristics of nickel-based superalloy. The primary γ′ precipitates became coarsened preferentially in the direction perpendicular to the applied stress axis during the creep deformation and the Vickers hardness decreased with creep time due to loss of interfacial strain between γ matrix and γ′ precipitate. The increase in ultrasonic nonlinearity with increasing creep time is discussed in relation to the directional coarsening of the γ′ precipitates, which was closely related to the scattering and distortion of the ultrasonic wave.
GROUND-STATE FLUCTUATIONS IN RUNG-DIMERIZED SPIN LADDERS
Authors: BIBIKOV P. N.
Published: March 2011

Treating an exactly rung-dimerized spin ladder as a reference model we study perturbatively zero temperature quantum fluctuations in spin ladders with slightly destroyed rung-dimerization. Analytic expressions are obtained for the gas parameter (density of rung-triplets) and the ground-state energy per rung. At a strong diagonal frustration as well as at a rather strong antiferromagnetic rung coupling these results well agree with the previous numerical calculations.
SOME FACTORS LEADING TO ASYMMETRY IN ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF BILAYER GRAPHENE
Authors: KUNDU RUPALI
Published: March 2011

We have investigated the effects of in-plane and interplane nearest neighbor overlap integrals (s0 and [Formula: see text]) and the site energy difference (Δ) between atoms in two different sublattices in the same graphene layer on the electronic dispersion of bilayer graphene within tight binding model. We then extended the calculation to include the in-plane next nearest neighbor interactions (γ1, s1) and next to next nearest neighbor interactions (γ2, s2) for bilayer graphene bands. It is observed that [Formula: see text] introduces further asymmetry in energy values of top conduction band and bottom valence band at the K point in addition to the asymmetry due to Δ. In general there is noticeable electron–hole asymmetry in the slope of the bands away from the K point, and also the changes in band widths due to [Formula: see text] as well as the other in-plane coupling parameters. The density of states of bilayer graphene has also been calculated within the same model.
STUDY OF ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION IN HEAVY FERMION SYSTEMS
Authors: CHU KWANG-HUA W.
Published: March 2011

Quantum kinetic model together with the introduction of a field-tuned orientation parameter are adopted to study the acoustic attenuations of heavy fermion systems in high magnetic fields. The calculated attenuation-peak results near the critical (magnetic) field (Bc) obtained here resemble qualitatively those measured before in heavy fermion systems.
REPRESENTATION THEORY FOR VARIETIES OF COMTRANS ALGEBRAS AND LIE TRIPLE SYSTEMS
Authors: IM BOKHEE , SMITH JONATHAN D. H.
Published: March 2011

For a variety of comtrans algebras over a commutative ring, representations of algebras in the variety are identified as modules over an enveloping algebra. In particular, a new, simpler approach to representations of Lie triple systems is provided.
VAFA-INTRILIGATOR TYPE FORMULAS AND QUANTUM EULER CLASSES FOR LAGRANGIAN AND ORTHOGONAL GRASSMANNIANNS
Authors: CHEONG DAEWOONG
Published: March 2011

We use the result of Peterson to give very simple and explicit formulas of genus zero Gromov–Witten invariants for Lagrangian and orthogonal Grassmannians in terms of [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-polynomials of Pragacz–Ratajski which represent their cohomology classes. We also find an explicit expression for the quantum Euler classes and give a direct proof for the semi-simplicity of the quantum cohomology rings of these varieties.
SHARPER COMPLEXITY BOUNDS FOR ZERO-DIMENSIONAL GRÖBNER BASES AND POLYNOMIAL SYSTEM SOLVING
Authors: HASHEMI AMIR , LAZARD DANIEL
Published: March 2011

The main purpose of this paper is to improve the bound of complexity of the well-known algorithms on polynomial ideals having complexities polynomial in dn, where d is the maximal degree of input polynomials and n is the number of variables. Instead of this bound, we present the more accurate bound max {S, Dn} where S is the size of the input polynomials in dense representation, and D is the arithmetic mean value of the degrees of input polynomials.
RINGS OVER WHICH COEFFICIENTS OF NILPOTENT POLYNOMIALS ARE NILPOTENT
Authors: KWAK TAI KEUN , LEE YANG
Published: March 2011

Antoine studied conditions which are connected to the question of Amitsur of whether or not a polynomial ring over a nil ring is nil, observing the structure of nilpotent elements in Armendariz rings and introducing the notion of nil-Armendariz rings. The class of nil-Armendariz rings contains Armendariz rings and NI rings. We continue the study of nil-Armendariz rings, concentrating on the structure of rings over which coefficients of nilpotent polynomials are nilpotent. In the procedure we introduce the notion of CN-rings that is a generalization of nil-Armendariz rings. We first construct a CN-ring but not nil-Armendariz. This may be a base on which Antoine's theory can be applied and elaborated. We investigate basic ring theoretic properties of CN-rings, and observe various kinds of CN-rings including ordinary ring extensions. It is shown that a ring R is CN if and only if R is nil-Armendariz if and only if R is Armendariz if and only if R is reduced when R is a von Neumann regular ring.
A CLASS OF LOCALLY NILPOTENT COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRAS
Authors: BEHN ANTONIO , ELDUQUE ALBERTO , LABRA ALICIA
Published: March 2011

This paper deals with the variety of commutative non associative algebras satisfying the identity [Formula: see text], γ ∈ K. In [3] it is proved that if γ = 0, 1 then any finitely generated algebra is nilpotent. Here we generalize this result by proving that if γ ≠ -1, then any such algebra is locally nilpotent. Our results require characteristic ≠ 2, 3.
REPRESENTATIONS OF THE FREE PROFINITE OBJECT OVER DA
Authors: MOURA A.
Published: March 2011

In this paper, we extend to DA some techniques developed by Almeida and Weil, and Almeida and Zeitoun for the pseudovariety R to obtain representations of the implicit operations on DA: by labeled trees of finite height, by quasi-ternary labeled trees, and by labeled linear orderings. We prove that two implicit operations are equal over DA if and only if they have the same representation, for any of the three representations. We end the paper by relating these representations.
THE LENGTH OF SHORT WORDS IN UNAVOIDABLE SETS
Authors: HIGGINS PETER M.
Published: March 2011

Maximum possible lengths of short words in unavoidable sets of order no more than n have the form log n + O( log log n). The respective log bases of the upper and lower bounds of the shortest and second shortest words are (for a two-letter alphabet) 2 and τ, the Golden Ratio. The latter result comes through identifying certain bases of free monoids.
PULSARS AS CELESTIAL BEACONS TO DETECT THE MOTION OF THE EARTH
Authors: RUGGIERO MATTEO LUCA , CAPOLONGO EMILIANO , TARTAGLIA ANGELO
Published: March 2011

In order to show the principle viability of a recently proposed relativistic positioning method based on the use of pulsed signals from sources at infinity, we present an application example reconstructing the world line of an idealized Earth in the reference frame of distant pulsars. The method considers the null four-vectors built from the period of the pulses and the direction cosines of the propagation from each source. Starting from a simplified problem (a receiver at rest) we have been able to calibrate our procedure, evidencing the influence of the uncertainty on the arrival times of the pulses as measured by the receiver, and of the numerical treatment of the data. The most relevant parameter turns out to be the accuracy of the clock used by the receiver. Actually, the uncertainty used in the simulations combines the accuracy of the clock and the fluctuations in the sources. As an evocative example the method has then been applied to the case of an ideal observer moving as a point on the surface of the Earth. The input has been the simulated arrival times of the signals from four pulsars at the location of the Parkes radiotelescope in Australia. Some substantial simplifications have been made both excluding the problems of visibility due to the actual size of the planet, and the behavior of the sources. A rough application of the method to a three-day run gives a correct result with a poor accuracy. The accuracy is then enhanced to the order of a few hundred meters if a continuous set of data is assumed. The method could actually be used for navigation across the solar system and be based on artificial sources, rather than pulsars. The viability of the method, whose additional value is in the self-sufficiency, i.e. independence from any control from other operators, has been confirmed.
COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FOR THE COSMIC DEFECT THEORY
Authors: RADICELLA NINFA , SERENO MAURO , TARTAGLIA ANGELO
Published: March 2011

The cosmic defect theory has been confronted with four observational constraints: primordial nuclear species abundances emerging from the big bang nucleosynthesis; large scale structure formation in the Universe; cosmic microwave background acoustic scale; luminosity distances of type Ia supernovae. The test has been based on a statistical analysis of the a posteriori probabilities for three parameters of the theory. The result has been quite satisfactory and such that the performance of the theory is not distinguishable from that of the ΛCDM theory. The use of the optimal values of the parameters for the calculation of the Hubble constant and the age of the Universe confirms the compatibility of the cosmic defect approach with observations.
EMERGENT UNIVERSE IN THE CHAMELEON, f(R) AND f(T) GRAVITY THEORIES
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY SURAJIT , DEBNATH UJJAL
Published: March 2011

In this work, we consider an emergent Universe in generalized gravity theories like the chameleon, f(R) and f(T) gravities. We reconstruct the potential of the chameleon field under the emergent scenario of the Universe and observe its increasing nature with the evolution of the Universe. We reveal that in the emergent Universe scenario, the equation-of-state parameter behaves like quintessence in the case of f(R) gravity and like phantom in the case of f(T) gravity.
TESTING THE INFLATIONARY NULL ENERGY CONDITION WITH CURRENT AND FUTURE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND DATA
Authors: VALENTINO ELEONORA DI , MELCHIORRI ALESSANDRO , PAGANO LUCA
Published: March 2011

In some classes of inflationary models, a violation of the null energy condition (NEC) is expected during the phase of accelerated expansion. The most striking observational effect would be a "blue" spectrum of primordial gravitational waves with a spectral index nT larger than zero. In this brief paper, we first update the current constraints on the amplitude of a blue GW spectrum. We then forecast the ability of the ongoing Planck satellite mission to detect a violation of the NEC during inflation, showing that the detection of the GW background is substantially improved if the NEC is violated during inflation.
PARTIAL CONSERVATION OF SENIORITY IN NUCLEI
Authors: VAN ISACKER P.
Published: March 2011

A review is given of the relation between pairing, quasi-spin algebras and seniority. The former two concepts are closely connected, the relation being that the quasi-spin formalism allows an efficient solution of the pairing problem. Seniority is of much wider applicability than either pairing or quasi-spin and applications can even be extended to encompass the notion of partial symmetry. A recent application of partial conservation of seniority and its importance for nuclear isomers is discussed.
SEARCH FOR TETRAHEDRAL SYMMETRY IN NUCLEI: A SHORT OVERVIEW
Authors:   for the TetraNuc Collaboration, CURIEN D. , DUDEK J. , MOLIQUE H. , SENGELE L. , GÓŹDŹ A. , MAZUREK K.
Published: March 2011

Following a series of experiments launched by the TetraNuc collaboration to possibly demonstrate the existence of high-rank symmetries in subatomic physics, the first experimental results on the Rare Earth region appear in publications. Meanwhile an important progress has been made on the theory side strongly suggesting that the original criterion of the static tetrahedral symmetry in the form of vanishing quadrupole moments may need to be revised to include explicitly the vibrational motion. The Actinide region seems of particular interest because of the extra stability provided by the octahedral symmetry. In this article a summary of the current experimental efforts on both the Rare-Earth and Actinide regions is given. Finally the ELMA project addressing the experimental search for the symmetries in the Actinides is briefly discussed.
ISOSPIN MIXING IN THE VICINITY OF THE N = Z LINE
Authors: SATUŁA W. , DOBACZEWSKI J. , NAZAREWICZ W. , BORUCKI M. , RAFALSKI M.
Published: March 2011

We present the isospin- and angular-momentum-projected nuclear density functional theory (DFT) and its applications to the isospin-breaking corrections to the superallowed β-decay rates in the vicinity of the N = Z line. A preliminary value obtained for the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix element, |Vud| = 0.97463(24), agrees well with the recent estimate by Towner and Hardy [Phys. Rev.C77, 025501 (2008)]. We also discuss new opportunities to study the symmetry energy by using the isospin-projected DFT.
SPINODAL PHASE SEPARATION IN NUCLEAR COLLISIONS
Authors: RANDRUP JØRGEN
Published: March 2011

Spinodal amplification provides a mechanism by which the spatial symmetry of an unstable system is broken as it spontaneously separates into its thermodynamically coexisting phases. This general phenomenon has been exploited to signal the nuclear liquid-gas phase structure in nuclear collision experiments at medium energies and it may also be of use in relativistic collisions for exploring the expected first-order confinement transition.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BREAKING OF LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY IN LIGHT NUCLEI –THE POINCARE INSTABILITY
Authors: BARTEL JOHANN , POMORSKI KRZYSZTOF
Published: March 2011

The Poincaré instability of saddle-point shapes with respect to reflection asymmetric distortions is investigated for a series of light nuclei in the framework of the Lublin-Strasbourg drop model and the Modified Funny-Hills shape parametrization. It turn out that such a decay caused by this effect will only occur in rather strongly thermally excited, rotating nuclei.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLECTIVE MODEL AND CHIRALITY STUDIES AT TRIUMF
Authors: STAROSTA KRZYSZTOF , CHESTER AARON , HAMAMOTO IKUKO , KOIKE TAKESHI , TIMAR JANOS
Published: March 2011

First predictions for a specific case of the particle-hole-core coupling model which takes advantage of symmetries of a triaxial rotor with γ = 90° are reviewed. Results of the model calculations point towards existence of stable chiral geometry in specific configurations involving high-j orbitals. Next, experimental information on doublet bands built on unique parity, πh11/2νh11/2 intruder states in odd-odd 134 Pr is discussed; in particular observed disagreements between electromagnetic transitions within the doublet structures which is pointed out as inconsistent with the simplest models. Finally, the unique experimental infrastructure developed at the Tri-University Meson Facility (TRIUMF) Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics is presented including a range of isotopes in the mass 130 region that are accessible as beams and which can possibly yield significant new information in investigations of nuclear chirality.
SEMICLASSICAL DESCRIPTION OF AVERAGE PAIRING PROPERTIES IN NUCLEI
Authors: VIÑAS X. , SCHUCK P. , FARINE M.
Published: March 2011

We present a new semiclassical theory for describing pairing in finite Fermi systems. It is based on taking the ħ → 0, i.e. Thomas-Fermi, limit of the gap equation written in the basis of the mean field (weak coupling). In addition to the position dependence of the Fermi momentum, the size dependence of the matrix elements of the pairing force is also taken into account in this theory. An example typical for the nuclear situation shows the improvment of this new approach over the standard Local Density Approximation. We also show that if in this approach some shell fluctuations are introduced in the level density, the arch structure displayed by the quantal gaps along isotopic chains is almost recovered. We also point out that in heavy drip line nuclei pairing is strongly reduced.
BEYOND THE RELATIVISTIC MEAN-FIELD APPROXIMATION: CONFIGURATION MIXING CALCULATIONS
Authors: NIKŠIĆ T. , VRETENAR D. , RING P.
Published: March 2011

A class of relativistic nuclear energy density functionals is explored, in which only nucleon degrees of freedom are explicitly used in the construction of effective interaction terms. Short-distance correlations, as well as intermediate and long-range dynamics, are encoded in the nucleon-density dependence of the strength functionals of an effective interaction Lagrangian. The resulting phenomenological effective interaction, adjusted to experimental binding energies of a large set of axially deformed nuclei, together with a new separable pairing interaction adjusted to reproduce the pairing gap in nuclear matter calculated with the Gogny force, is applied in the description of the quadrupole dynamics in Pt isotopes.
TIDAL WAVES – A NON-ADIABATIC MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF THE YRAST STATES IN NEAR-SPHERICAL NUCLEI
Authors: FRAUENDORF S. , GU Y. , SUN J.
Published: March 2011

The yrast states of nuclei that are spherical or weakly deformed in their ground states are described as quadrupole waves running over the nuclear surface, which we call "tidal waves". The energies and E 2 transition probabilities of the yrast states in nuclides with Z= 44, 46, 48 and N= 56, 58,…, 66 are calculated by means of the cranking model in a microscopic way. The nonlinear response of the nucleonic orbitals results in a strong coupling between shape and single particle degrees of freedom.
LOW-LYING STATES IN 30Mg: A BEYOND RELATIVISTIC MEAN-FIELD INVESTIGATION
Authors: YAO J.M. , LI Z.X. , XIANG J. , MEI H. , MENG J.
Published: March 2011

The recently developed model of three-dimensional angular momentum projection plus generator coordinate method on top of triaxial relativistic mean-field states has been applied to study the low-lying states of 30 Mg . The effects of triaxiality on the low-energy spectra and E 0 and E 2 transitions are examined.
NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN STRONG GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS
Authors: GÓŹDŹ MAREK , ROGATKO MAREK
Published: March 2011

Neutrinos do oscillate, which up to our best knowledge implies that they are massive particles. As such, neutrinos should interact with gravitational fields. As their masses are tiny, the gravitational fields must be extremely strong. In this paper we study the influence of black holes described by non-trivial topologies on the neutrino oscillations. We present approximate analytical and numerical solutions of certain specific cases.
BREAKING OF AXIAL AND REFLECTION SYMMETRIES IN SPONTANEOUS FISSION OF FERMIUM ISOTOPES
Authors: STASZCZAK A. , BARAN A. , NAZAREWICZ W.
Published: March 2011

The nuclear fission phenomenon is a magnificent example of a quantal collective motion during which the nucleus evolves in a multidimensional space representing shapes with different geometries. The triaxial degrees of freedom are usually important around the inner fission barrier, and reduce the fission barrier height by several MeV. Beyond the inner barrier, reflection-asymmetric shapes corresponding to asymmetric elongated fragments come into play. We discuss the interplay between different symmetry breaking mechanisms in the case of even-even fermium isotopes using the Skyrme HFB formalism.
INFLUENCE OF THE COLLISION ENERGY ON STEREODYNAMICS OF THEF+LiH(v = 0, j = 0) →LiF+HREACTION
Authors: WANG TAO , MIAO XIANGYANG
Published: March 2011

The stereodynamics of the title reaction based on the ground2A′ potential energy surface (PES) has been investigated using the method of the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) at different collision energies (23 kcal/mol, 35 kcal/mol and 46 kcal/mol). The vector properties of the angular momentum (described by the distribution of K - J′P(θr), the dihedral angle distribution of K - K′ - J′P(φr) and the angular distribution P(θr, ϕr)) and the four PDDCSs [(2π/σ)(dσ00/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ20/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ22+/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ21-/dωt)] of the product LiF at each collision energy have been presented, respectively. Further, the collision energy effects on the behavior of the product LiF have been discussed and studied.
PROBING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN MULTIPLICITY AND IONICITY OF THE CHEMICAL BOND
Authors: SZCZEPANIK DARIUSZ , MROZEK JANUSZ
Published: March 2011

A new bond multiplicity measure based on the Wiberg-type bond covalency index and the atomic charge from population analysis is presented. Heuristically derived formulas allow one to evaluate the character of the chemical bond, especially its ionicity degree. Numerical results at RHF/ROHF theory level demonstrate that full multiplicities of typical chemical bonds are close to formal orders and their basis set dependence is inconsiderable, especially for highly polarized chemical bonds.
SEIBERG–WITTEN EQUATIONS ON FOUR-DIMENSIONAL LORENTZIAN Spinc MANIFOLDS
Authors: DEGIRMENCI NEDIM , OZDEMIR NULIFER
Published: March 2011

New kind of spinors are introduced on four-dimensional Lorentzian Spinc manifolds in [1]. We define Dirac operator on such spinors. In [2] Seiberg–Witten-like equations are written down on Minkowski space. In the present work we generalize these equations to four-dimensional Lorentzian Spinc-manifolds.
PARALLEL π-VECTOR FIELDS AND ENERGY β-CHANGE
Authors: SOLEIMAN A.
Published: March 2011

The present paper deals with an intrinsic investigation of the notion of a parallel π-vector field on the pullback bundle of a Finsler manifold (M, L). The effect of the existence of a parallel π-vector field on some important special Finsler spaces is studied. An intrinsic investigation of a particular β-change, namely the energy β-change ([Formula: see text]with[Formula: see text] being a parallel π-vector field), is established. The relation between the two Barthel connections Γ and [Formula: see text], corresponding to this change, is found. This relation, together with the fact that the Cartan and the Barthel connections have the same horizontal and vertical projectors, enable us to study the energy β-change of the fundamental linear connection in Finsler geometry: The Cartan connection, the Berwald connection, the Chern connection and the Hashiguchi connection. Moreover, the change of their curvature tensors is concluded.

It should be pointed out that the present work is formulated in a prospective modern coordinate-free form.
DIVERGENCES ON PROJECTIVE MODULES AND NON-COMMUTATIVE INTEGRALS
Authors: BRZEZIŃSKI TOMASZ
Published: March 2011

A method of constructing (finitely generated and projective) right module structure on a finitely generated projective left module over an algebra is presented. This leads to a construction of a first-order differential calculus on such a module which admits a hom-connection or a divergence. Properties of integrals associated to this divergence are studied, in particular the formula of integration by parts is derived. Specific examples include inner calculi on a non-commutative algebra, the Berezin integral on the supercircle and integrals on Hopf algebras.
Inbuilt Mechanisms for Overcoming Functional Problems Inherent in Hepatic Microlobular Structure
Authors: Cohen Robert D. , Brown Christopher L. , Nickols Carole , Levey Pauline , Boucher Barbara J. , Greenwald Stephen E. , Wang Wen
Published: March 2011

The spherical anatomy of human and rat liver lobules implies that more central cells have less time to carry out their function than more peripherally located cells because blood flows past them more rapidly. This problem could be overcome if more centrilobular cells could operate at higher temperatures than periportal cells. This study presents evidence for such a temperature gradient. Firstly, we use mathematical modelling to demonstrate that temperature increases towards the centre of the lobule. Secondly, we examine the distribution of a heat‐generating protein and of a heat‐sensitive protein across the rat and human liver lobules. Double‐antibody staining of healthy liver from rat and human was used for visual scoring and for automated histomorphometric quantitation of the localisation of uncoupling protein‐2 (known to generate heat) and of the transient receptor potential‐v4 protein (known as a highly temperature‐sensitive membrane protein). Both these proteins were found to be located predominantly in the centrilobular region of liver lobules. These findings support the suggestion that temperature gradients across the liver lobule may have evolved as a solution to the problem of reduced contact time between blood and cells at the centre as compared to the periphery of mammalian liver lobules.
Existence of Solutions for a Nonlinear Elliptic Equation with General Flux Term
Authors: Pak HeeChul
Published: March 2011

We prove the existence of solutions for an elliptic partial differential equation having more general flux term than either "Equation missing"-Laplacian or flux term of the Leray-Lions type conditions: "Equation missing". Brouwer's fixed point theorem is one of the fundamental tools of the proof.
Flexible CO2Laser Fiber in the Pediatric Airway
Authors: Caperton Kimberly K. , Digoy G. Paul
Published: March 2011

Objective. Our institution has been using a novel flexible laser fiber in pediatric surgical airway procedures, which has been quite successful. The purpose of this paper is to present our preliminary experience in the treatment of pediatric airway lesions using this laser technique.Methods.A case series reviewing 40 patients undergoing 95 laser procedures is reported. Indications included removal of suprastomal granulation tissue, removal of granulation after laryngotracheal reconstruction, subglottic and supraglottic stenoses, recurrent respiratory papillomas, subglottic hemangioma, laryngeal cleft, and left main stem bronchus stenosis. Procedures were performed via microdirect laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy.Results. No complications including postoperative glottic webs, concentric scar formation, or airway fires occurred in any of the patients (after the series was completed, we did experience an airway fire. It was a flash flame that was self-limited and caused no long-term tissue injury).Conclusions. The endoscopic application of a new flexible carbon dioxide laser fiber for management of pediatric airways lesions provides good outcomes in selected patients. Distal respiratory papillomas, subglottic stenosis, and granulation tissue are, in our experience, appropriate indications.
On Output Feedback Multiobjective Control for Singularly Perturbed Systems
Authors: Ghasem Moghadam Mehdi , Beheshti Mohammad Taghi Hamidi
Published: March 2011

A new design procedure for a robust H2 and H∞ control of continuous‐time singularly perturbed systems via dynamic output feedback is presented. By formulating all objectives in terms of a common Lyapunov function, the controller will be designed through solving a set of inequalities. Therefore, a dynamic output feedback controller is developed such that H∞ and H2 performance of the resulting closed‐loop system is less than or equal to some prescribed value. Also, H∞ and H2 performance for a given upperbound of singular perturbation parameter ε ∈ (0, ε∗] are guaranteed. It is shown that the ε‐dependent controller is well defined for any ε ∈ (0, ε∗] and can be reduced to an ε‐independent one so long as ε is sufficiently small. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to validate the proposed controller. Numerical simulations coincide with the theoretical analysis.
On the Behavior of Solutions of the System of Rational Difference Equations: xn+1 = xn−1/(ynxn−1 − 1), yn+1 = yn−1/(xnyn−1 − 1), and	zn+1 = zn−1/(ynzn−1 − 1)
Authors: Kurbanli Abdullah Selçuk
Published: March 2011

We investigate the solutions of the system of difference equations xn+1 = xn−1/(ynxn−1 − 1), yn+1 = yn−1/(xnyn−1 − 1), zn+1 = zn−1/(ynzn−1 − 1), where y0, y−1, x0, x−1, z−1, z0 ∈ ℝ.
Bcl-2 Inhibits Nuclear Homologous Recombination by Localizing BRCA1 to the Endomembranes
Authors: Laulier Corentin , Barascu Aurélia , Guirouilh-Barbat Josée , Pennarun Gaëlle , Le Chalony Catherine , Chevalier François , Palierne Gaëlle , Bertrand Pascale , Verbavatz Jean Marc , Lopez Bernard S.
Published: March 2011

Genetic stability requires coordination of a network of pathways including DNA repair/recombination and apoptosis. In addition to its canonical anti-apoptotic role, Bcl-2 negatively impacts genome stability. In this study, we identified the breast cancer tumor suppressor BRCA1, which plays an essential role in homologous recombination (HR), as a target for Bcl-2 in the repression of HR. Indeed, ionizing radiation–induced BRCA1 foci assembly was repressed when Bcl-2 was expressed ectopically, in human SV40 fibroblasts, or spontaneously, in lymphoma t(14:18) cells and in HeLa and H460 cancer cell lines. Moreover, we showed that the transmembrane (TM) domain of Bcl-2 was required for both inhibition of BRCA1 foci assembly and the inhibition of HR induced by a double-strand break targeted into an intrachromosomal HR substrate by the meganuclease I-SceI. Fluorescence confocal microscopy, proximity ligation assay, and electron microscopy analyses as well as Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions showed that Bcl-2 and BRCA1 colocalized to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in a process requiring the TM domain of Bcl-2. Targeting BRCA1 to the endomembranes depletes BRCA1 from the nucleus and, thus, accounts for the inhibition of HR. Furthermore, our findings support an apoptosis-stimulatory role for the cytosolic form of BRCA1, suggesting a new tumor suppressor function of BRCA1. Together, our results reveal a new mode of BRCA1 regulation and for HR in the maintenance of genome stability. Cancer Res; 71(10); 3590–602. ©2011 AACR.
From Gutenberg to the Internet: How Digitisation Transforms Culture and Knowledge
Authors: Kalantzis Mary , Cope Bill
Published: March 2011

In this paper, we explore the changes wrought by digitisation upon the domains of culture and knowledge. Half a century into the process of the digitisation of text, we argue that only now are we on the cusp of a series of paradigm shifts in the processes of writing, and concomitantly, our modes of cultural expression and our social processes of knowing. We describe the transition underway in the fundamental mechanics of rendering, the new navigational order which is associated with this transition, the demise of isolated written text that accompanies the rise of multimodality, the ubiquity of recording and documentation, a shift in the balance of representation agency, and its correlate in the emergence of a new dynamics of difference. The shape of these hugely significant changes is just beginning to become clear in the new, internet-mediated social media. The potential of the new textual regime is to transform our very means of production of meaning. However, when we come to examine the domain of formal knowledge production, historically pivoting on the peer reviewed journal and published monograph, there are as yet few signs of change. This paper points in a tentative way to potentials for knowledge-making which are as yet unrealised: new semantic markup processes which will improve knowledge discovery, data mining and machine translation; a new navigational order in which knowledge is not simply presented in a linear textual exegesis; the multimodal representation of knowledge in which knowledge evaluators and validators gain a broader, deeper and less mediated view of the knowledge they are assessing; navigable databanks in which reviewers and readers alike can make what they will of data and interactions recorded incidental to knowledge making; co-construction of knowledge through recursive dialogue between knowledge creators and knowledge users, to the extent of eliding that distinction; and a polylingual, polysemic knowledge world in which source natural language is arbitrary and narrowly specialised discourses and bodies of knowledge can be valued by their intellectual quality instead of the quantitative mass of their readership and citation.
Digitization and Publishing in Australia: A Recent Snapshot
Authors: Martin Bill , Tian Xuemei
Published: March 2011

In a government-funded research project into the implications of digitization for book publishing in Australia, the researchers tested for the presence of global issues and trends. With a focus specifically upon book publishing to the exclusion of newspaper and journal publishing these included: revenue trends; competition; outsourcing; potential benefits of digital publishing; critical success factors for digital publishing; supply chain issues; value chain issues, business models and expectations for the future. An online survey and follow-up interviews found that technologies such the Internet and the World Wide Web, along with those for production and rights management were playing a significant role in book publishing. However, the major focus among book publishers was on business and organizational issues. There was widespread realization of the need to respond to competition from inside and outside the industry, including competition for the leisure time of users, with direct implications for value chains and business models. Key organizational changes identified included changes in structures and strategies, in human resource practices, and in cultures. The main benefits anticipated from digital technologies were in the areas of new niche markets, repackaging and repurposing of existing content, consumer-generated content and the enhancement of value chains. It is therefore, imprudent to only consider the impact of emerging technology as the fundamental in the ongoing development of digitization in book publishing, as other considerations such as demographics, social and economic factors are also essential ingredients.
Theorising Rights-based Restorative Justice: The Canadian Context
Authors: Mitchell Richard , Moore Shannon
Published: March 2011

This paper investigates theoretical and practice intersections in Canada between the principles and provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the UN's Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice in Criminal Justice Matters. We undertook this exploratory study from a transdisciplinary standpoint and utilised grounded theory methodological and analytical procedures throughout; data include legal and policy documentary analyses along with eight key informant interviews. Findings indicate that CRC implementation has been impeded by myopic disciplinary approaches that have dissolved its constituent principles by isolating them from its provisions. Young people's human rights are languishing within Canadian juvenile justice contexts, and thus, historical efforts to build an ecosystem of rights-respecting communities in that nation are being compromised. The paper concludes with a reiteration of a CRC implementation model which articulates the balance amongst participation, protection and power relations.
From Rapists to Superpredators: what the practice of capital punishment says about race, rights and the American child
Authors: Linde Robyn
Published: March 2011

At the turn of the 20th century, the United States was widely considered to be a world leader in matters of child protection and welfare, a reputation lost by the century's end. This paper suggests that the United States' loss of international esteem concerning child welfare was directly related to its practice of executing juvenile off enders. The paper analyzes why the United States continued to carry out the juvenile death penalty after the establishment of juvenile courts and other protections for child criminals. Two factors allowed the United States to continue the juvenile death penalty after most states in the international system had ended the practice: the politics of American federalism and a system of racial subordination that excluded some juvenile off enders from the umbrella of child protection measures, a conclusion suggesting that racial prejudice has interfered with U.S. compliance with international norms of child welfare and juvenile justice.
Armed Attack against the Military Force of an International Organization and Use of Force in Self-Defence by a Troop-Contributing State: A Tentative Legal Assessment of an Unlikely Scenario
Authors: Palchetti Paolo
Published: March 2011

If the military force of an international organization is made the object of a military attack by a State, that international organization may be regarded as being entitled to use force in self-defence. However, since the forces of international organizations are generally composed of national contingents which States put at the disposal of the international organizations, the question may be raised as to whether, in case of an armed attack against such forces, the sending State would also be entitled to use force in self-defence to protect its national contingent. This question, which was addressed, albeit in a very cursory manner, in the 2009 Report of the EU Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia, has to be answered taking into account the status of national contingents as organs of the sending States. By attaching relevance to the contingent's dual status and to the rationale underlying the rule on self-defence, this study argues that whenever the national contingent is made the object of an armed attack the possibility for the sending State to invoke self-defence cannot be excluded. In particular, the invocability of self-defence by the sending State should be admitted in those cases in which the armed attack is clearly aimed at targeting that State.
A Misunderstood Calvinist: The Religious Choices of Bastiaen Jansz Krol, New Netherland's First Church Servant
Authors: Frijhoff Willem
Published: March 2011

In the history of New Netherland the comforter of the sick Bastiaen Jansz Krol (1595-1674) is known as the first servant of the Reformed Church, before the establishment of a formal congregation with an ordained minister. Until recently, his reputation as such was quite mediocre, and the quality of his faith was questioned by the historians of the Reformed Church. In this article, the author revises this negative image thoroughly. Completing the biographical data he interprets them in the context of the early ambitions of the WIC. Arguing, moreover, that Krol was born in a Mennonite family and converted to Calvinism after his first marriage, he presents (with a full translation) the pamphlet which shows his new commitment to orthodox Calvinism. Krol's pamphlet was published previously to his appointment as comforter of the sick and may have motivated his choice by the Amsterdam consistory.
Continuation to upper secondary education in Finland: Children of immigrants and the majority compared
Authors: Kilpi-Jakonen Elina
Published: March 2011

The education of children of immigrants is an important aspect of the integration of immigrant groups into receiving societies. This article focuses on the first transition in the Finnish education system. Two aspects are analysed: continuation versus dropping out and choice of upper secondary school type (general versus vocational). Results suggest that children of immigrants tend to have a higher probability of dropping out of education at this transition than the majority. However, this can largely be explained by prior school achievement and family resources. Controlling for these, only some first-generation groups are left disadvantaged. Second-generation students with very low prior school achievement or a father outside the labour force are also at an increased risk of dropping out. These drop-outs may be seen as discouraged students. The picture is more positive for choice of general school. After similar controls, most children of immigrants have a higher probability of choosing general school than the majority. The difference is greatest for the non-European second generation and for students with below-average prior school achievement. Together with the results for drop-out, this points to an avoidance of vocational schools by some ethnic minority groups.
Reviews and Essays: Saving Public Education
Authors: Min Hee Go
Published: March 2011

This manuscript reviews Paul Peterson’s new book, Saving Schools: From Horace Mann to Virtual Learning. It summarizes main points of the book and offers some thoughts on the vailidity of Peterson’s argument, and concludes with potential questions that will inspire further researchers on education policy.
Arc physics based heat source modelling for numerical simulation of weld residual stress and distortion
Authors: Okano S , Tanaka M , Mochizuki M
Published: March 2011

Heat source modelling based on weld arc physics has been developed for the more accurate numerical simulation of weld residual stress and distortion. Computational simulation of tungsten inert gas arc plasma based on mathematical modelling of the heat transfer from arc plasma to a welded plate is performed to obtain a more precise temperature distribution during welding. The temperature distribution obtained is used for a large deformation thermal elastic–plastic stress analysis of weld residual stress and distortion. In addition, the effects of welding process conditions on weld residual stress and distortion are examined considering weld penetration with the arc plasma process and verified experimentally. Finally, the effectiveness of arc physics based heat source modelling for numerical simulation of the weld residual stress and distortion is evaluated.
Characterisation of residual stress state in laser welded low carbon mild steel plates produced in keyhole and conduction mode
Authors: Assuncao E , Ganguly S , Yapp D , Williams S , Paradowska A
Published: March 2011

Characterisation of residual stress state was performed in 4 mm low carbon steel plates laser welded in keyhole and conduction mode. Residual stress characterisation was carried out at the ENGIN-X strain scanner at ISIS (Oxford, UK). It was shown that although the maximum magnitude of tensile residual stress is similar in welded specimens manufactured under different welding modes, the distribution profile is quite distinguished. The conduction welding mode resulted in a larger tensile stress domain as compared to the keyhole mode in the longitudinal direction. This also resulted in a different magnitude of balancing compressive residual stress field. Understanding of such different stress profiles is important for application of such advanced welding processes in joining of design efficient structural material.
Improved procedure for computing residual stresses from neutron diffraction data and its application to multipass dissimilar welds
Authors: Zhang W , Feng Z , Crooker P
Published: March 2011

Neutron diffraction is an important tool for residual stress measurement in welded structures. The calculation of stresses from measured lattice spacings generally requires the stress free lattice spacing a priori. For dissimilar metal welds common to nuclear reactor pipeline systems, the stress free lattice spacing is a complex function of position due to the chemistry and microstructure inhomogeneity in the weld region, and its experimental determination can be both time consuming and unreliable. An improved approach is developed to calculate the residual stress field without the use of stress free lattice spacing. Its applicability is examined and justified in two multipass dissimilar metal welds made of 304L stainless steel plate and nickel alloy 82 filler metal using different heat inputs. The spatial variation in stress free lattice spacing is qualitatively discussed using the weld metal dilution mechanism. The improved approach is shown to be simple and practical for residual stress determination in dissimilar metal welds.