bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Development to Measure Chemical and Oxidative Stability of Edible Oils Using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Dissanayake Kasun , Rifky Mohamed , Jesfar Mohamed , Makhmayorov Jasur , Rakhimkulov Shokir , Abdullayev Bakhodir
Published: December 2023

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered a benefit for human consumption because they are available in edible oils and enhance their susceptibility to oxidation. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) method was applied to evaluate the oxidation in edible oils and the chemical changes. The oxidation could be accelerated by the application of heat with air. Therefore, five types of oils, soybean oil (SBO), sunflower oil (SFO), sesame oil (SEO), corn oil (CRO), and palm oil (PAO), were taken and heated at the temperature of 85±2°C with aeration at the rate of 5 L/sec for 55 hours continuously. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined to compare the results. Comparing the spectra of exposed and unexposed oils, PAO and CRO have undergone fewer changes than other oils, whereas more changes have occurred in SFO than other oils. Between the other two oils, SEO showed the highest level of oxidation, followed by SBO. Results obtained in this study indicate that FT-IR is a proper rapid technique for measuring oxidation in edible oil.
Methane Gas Management Policy Based on Emission Estimation at Gunung Kupang Final Processing Site Landfill
Authors: Listiyani Nurul , Namira Yulianto Khenza Atthaya
Published: December 2023

The waste sector contributes 21 times more Greenhouse Gas (GHG) in the form of methane gas than carbon dioxide gas. The problem of waste management in Indonesia is caused by several factors, including the need for more strict regulations and a management system at the landfill. Gunung Kupang Final Processing Site is a landfill that serves the Banjarbaru City area, where the waste that enters every day continues to increase and can potentially cause emissions. The management system implemented is still limited, namely composting and recycling methods. The management of methane gas produced from waste generation has not been maximized because there has yet to be a comprehensive measurement of methane gas. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of waste generation and composition and the estimation of methane gas from the Gunung Kupang Final Processing Site using the LandGEM method. The urgency of measuring methane gas in waste management at Gunung Kupang Final Processing Site is the focus of this research, which is projected to encourage local governments to formulate appropriate and targeted waste management policies.
Separation Performance of Lithium and Calcium from Synthetic Geothermal Brine Using Electric Field-assisted Membrane
Authors: Sudarmaja D P A , Sujoto V S H , Suryanaga C E , Petrus H T B M , Sutijan  , Astuti W
Published: December 2023

Green low-carbon technology development has spurred an increased demand for lithium. Brine, including geothermal brine, is the world’s largest source of lithium. However, the low lithium content and the presence of other ions pose challenges in concentrating lithium. An electric field-assisted membrane is a separation approach combining nanofiltration membranes with an electric field as an additional driving force, effectively separating lithium from magnesium and strontium. This study was conducted to separate lithium and calcium from synthetic geothermal brine using an electric field-assisted membrane. The separation process is conducted for lithium (50 ppm) and calcium (300, 800, and 2,000 ppm) with variations in electrical voltage (0V, 2V, and 3V). The decrease in lithium rejection reaches up to 50% at an electrical voltage of 2V. Conversely, the increase in electrical voltage does not significantly impact calcium rejection (calcium rejection remains at 89% with an electrical voltage of 3V) and the permeate flux for lithium and calcium. The increasing calcium concentration affects permeate flux significantly but does not notably affect calcium rejection, with the rejection remaining above 85%. The findings suggest the feasibility of concentrating lithium through electric field application without compromising calcium rejection within a single salt solution system.
Biodegradable Food Container from Rice Straw and Sugarcane Bagasse with Orange Peel Addition
Authors: Tibalia E M S E , Wintoko J , Purnomo C W
Published: December 2023

Plastic waste continues to increase by 4% every year. One type of plastic is Styrofoam, which comes from polystyrene (PS) polymers. However, Styrofoam has the disadvantage that it is not easily decomposed in nature. It is necessary to replace plastic-based food containers using biodegradable, abundantly available, low-cost natural materials. This research uses rice straw and bagasse with the addition of orange peel to give the best results on water absorption, tensile strength, and degradation time in food containers. The orange peel addition is varied at 0%, 5%, and 10% (w/w). In the water absorption test, the best value was obtained at 10.95% for the bagasse container with the addition of orange peel at 10% (w/w). In contrast, the best water absorption for the rice straw container was 11.02%, with the addition of orange peel at 10% (w/w). In the tensile strength test, the best value was obtained by the bagasse container at 6.592 MPa with the addition of orange peel at 10% (w/w) and rice straw at 4.3812 MPa with the addition of orange peel at 10% (w/w). Degradation tests showed that these natural containers can be degraded within two months in the soil.
Bamboo Preservation Experiments as Encapsulation for Liquid-State PCM
Authors: Dewi Ova Candra , Rahmasari Kartika , Putra Nandy , Salsabila Nisrina Dewi , Hanjani Tika
Published: December 2023

Bamboo has been known for its sustainability and versatility, which presents a promising green alternative material from tropical countries. This paper explores bamboo’s potential as an encapsulation material for liquid phase change material (PCM), addressing leakage and fungal growth. The experimental procedures involve treating two different types of bamboo (black and tropical green) to see their capability as an encapsulation for phase change material. In addition, three experiments were applied: waterproofing, varnish, and pre-treatment. Qualitative analysis is conducted over a consecutive fourteen-day period, evaluating all the twenty different samples with different treatments as they hold the liquid PCM. Several pre-treated bamboos show leakage. Consequently, varnishing and waterproofing treatments emerged as crucial in effectively addressing bamboo encapsulation. The findings demonstrate that tropical green bamboo, treated with waterproofing on both sides, exhibited impeccable leakage prevention and successfully removed fungal growth, even when exposed to extended periods of moisture.
Simulation of Illumination and Wind Conditions for Green and Fed Cities Using CFD Software
Authors: Tkachenko Tetiana , Mileikovskyi Viktor , Kravchenko Maryna , Konovaliuk Viktoriia
Published: December 2023

To avoid ecological catastrophe, most cities are moving toward green building. The critical component is greening – conventional and green structures. Urban agriculture is a very prospective direction. Green roofs, terraces, and rooftop greenhouses are the most promising places for growing. This solves multiple tasks: heat loss recovery for planting (for rooftop greenhouses), additional thermal insulation, optimized logistics, increasing pollinator populations, avoiding pests, etc. In different-height districts, there are problems with natural illumination and winds. No good urban wind theory has been developed. The winds can be simulated in CFD software using a 3D model of a district. Most of the software can simulate solar radiation for thermotechnical calculations only. It should be simulated in other special software. The approach to calculating solar radiation is proposed using CFD software without additional needs. The unique "integrator" material should be added to the engineering database. Its thermotechnical properties can be set to obtain a temperature numerically equal to the exciting parameter. Application is shown in an example of a different-height building with a green roof. The results show areas most favorable for growing photophilous and shade-tolerant plants and placing cleaning and phytoncidal plants for maximum air quality in stagnation zones.
Relative and Absolute Sea Level Change Variability in The Palabuhanratu Bay Waters
Authors: Novita Eva , Mandini Manessa Masita Dwi , Patria Mufti Petala
Published: December 2023

SLR could affect the waters of Palabuhanratu Bay, which are exposed to the Indian Ocean. Sea levels are rising due to RSL and ASL changes. RSL has increased by 22.86 mm/year based on tidal data for 2013–2022. In contrast, ASL has increased by 4.48 mm/year based on satellite altimetry data for 1992–2022. The research uses the linear regression method to get the SLR value. According to earlier studies, dynamic change elements connected to alterations in the atmosphere and ocean circulation are typically considered when analyzing sea level variations. This work explores sea-level variations, including dynamic and static changes impacted by geological processes like deformation. Dynamic change factors, such as climate anomalies, ENSO, and IOD, affect these changes. Regarding RSL changes, ENSO has a more decisive influence than IOD, and vice versa for ASL changes. In the La Nina phenomenon and negative IOD phase, RSL and ASL trend changes are enhanced, whereas they are lowered in the El Nino and positive IOD phases. These waters’ sea-level variations are only slightly impacted by local processes, such as VLM. It has a more decisive influence on RSL changes than ASL.
Determinants of Mulching Adoption among Cacao Farmers of Camiguin Province, Philippines
Authors: Lloren Regie , Jandag Johnril , Quiblat Vincent
Published: December 2023

Mulching is considered as a sustainable farming practice that promotes environmental conservation and improves productivity. The study was carried out to evaluate the determinants of mulching adoption among cacao farmers in the province of Camiguin, Philippines. The study was administered to 87 out of 201 cacao farmers using stratified sampling technique in the entire province of Camiguin last March 2023. Data collected were subjected to probit regression analysis using free software RStudio and R 4.3.0, where the dependent variable was the adopters of mulching, and the independent variables were age, access to extension workers, experience in cacao farming in years, knowledge, and training of mulching. Results from the probit model revealed a positive and strong relationship between adoption and knowledge of mulching (p-value=0.01) and training of mulching (p-value=0.01). The current study provides empirical evidence that knowledge and training are two vital determinants of adoption on mulching among cacao farmers in Camiguin. Educating farmers about mulching improves their knowledge and skills and increases productivity on their farms to attain sustainable agricultural production. Further studies may be conducted to assess the economic impact of adoption on farmers’ income and well-being.
Life Cycle Assessment of Rice Farming Practices in Indonesia
Authors: Pharmawati Kancitra , Wahyuningsih Siti , Cahyaningrum Hermawati
Published: December 2023

Indonesian farmers have practiced rice farming for centuries. However, chemical application and agricultural mechanization emit pollution, i.e., ethylene, CO2, and SO2. This study identifies GHG emissions from four rice farming practices, i.e., conventional, organic, integrated crop management, and rice intensification. OpenLCA 1.11 software was employed to calculate the environmental impacts of rice farming practices (ha/year), and the calculation was based on the CML-IA baseline methodology. This study assesses the life cycle of pre-planting to the production of rice. Diesel-fueled machinery in rice farming contributes most to environmental quality degradation, mainly from water pump and tractor utilization. Conventional rice farming emits the highest pollutants compared to organic rice farming, rice intensification, or integrated crop management. On the contrary, rice intensification generated the lowest pollutants. In conclusion, fossil fuel utilization contributes more to rice farming practices than chemicals or organic fertilizer application.
Working Fishermen, Environment, Survival Strategies and Profit-Sharing System: A Case Study at Sadeng Beach
Authors: Antriyandarti Ernoiz , Madina Alifa Putri , Ramadani Adisti Regita
Published: December 2023

The south coast of Java is famous for its high waves and many troughs, so it is dangerous for fishermen. Therefore, the fisheries sector on the southern coast of Java is less developed than those on the north coast of Java. Fishermen must really understand the environment on the coast. One of the beaches on the south coast of Java with a harbor is Sadeng Beach. Many working fishermen catch fish with a profit-sharing system with fishermen who own boats due to limited capital. This study aims to determine the survival strategy, environment and profit-sharing system for working fishermen in Sadeng Beach. The research method used is a case study. The results show that Sadeng fishermen have survival strategies such as diversification in fishing gear, optimizing weather technology, having side jobs, helping each other, and joining the fisherman group. To maintain business continuity, fishermen work with a profit-sharing system. The passion to live and work hard as a fisherman makes them strong and continue to be passionate until this day.
Land Consolidation Process Based On Environmental Conservation and Urban Spatial Law
Authors: Wayan Wiryawan I
Published: December 2023

This article explores the benefits and implications of implementing a land consolidation process centered around environmental conservation and urban spatial law. The research in this article will use normative legal research methods with an analytical and descriptive nature. This article concludes that the land consolidation process based on environmental conservation and urban spatial planning law offers a holistic approach to promoting sustainable development. By integrating conservation practices and adhering to urban spatial regulations, the process ensures the preservation of natural resources, controlled urban expansion, sustainable infrastructure development, efficient land utilization, and the conservation of cultural heritage. Collaborative efforts among government, communities, and the private sector are essential for successful implementation. Applying this approach contributes to the overall improvement and preservation of the environment, leading to a more sustainable future.
Public Spaces in Historic Environment as Urban Fundamentals of Sustainable Development
Authors: Merylova Iryna , Smilka Vladyslav , Kovalska Gelena
Published: December 2023

Dynamic sociopolitical processes in Ukraine affect public needs. Today, it is crucial to develop urban approaches and methods to create open spaces in human settlements regarding sustainable development principles. The research is aimed at finding urban-planning approaches and methods of creating public space in the historic environment, which influence the preservation of historical and cultural legacy and cultural city potential, determining the role of public spaces in the sustainable development of the settlement. The research design is based on the use of targeted approaches in the territories’ management, based on system analysis and sociological research to ensure sustainable settlement development. Geoinformation technologies are used to account for public zones in the settlement. The total number of public areas in settlements is one of the indicators that characterize the quality of life, according to ISO 37120: "Sustainable development of communities - Indicators for city services and quality of life." The originality of the research is in the synthesis of design and sociological methods for the formation of open public spaces in the urban environment. Open public spaces provide social and environmental aspects of sustainable development of the settlement by creating accessible places for cultural, creative, and artistic events.
Brebes Shallot Skin Waste Feed Mixture as a Lowering of Tegal Duck Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Unzilatirrizqi D Yan El Rizal , Mukodiningsih Sri , Cahyono Bambang , Mutmainah Syahidah , Utama Putra Zidan Raafi
Published: December 2023

Onion skin is one of the causes of waste in Brebes Regency. Handling shallot skins can be done by utilizing them as feed additive for ducks, which are also commonly encountered. Onion skin contains active compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols, which can act as an antibacterial and as an alternative herbal feed additive replacement for antibiotics. Shallot skin contains compounds that can reduce cholesterol levels. This study aims to analyze the addition of shallot skin waste flour in feed to see the level of cholesterol (LDL) reduction in the blood of Tegal ducks and their hemoglobin levels. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a single factor with three levels of treatment and repetition. The results of the addition of shallot skin waste flour showed a significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels in Tegal ducks. The results showed that the average cholesterol level for the first treatment was 9.8 mg/dl, the second treatment was 3.4 mg/dl, and the third treatment was 1.3 mg/dl. The lowest cholesterol content was found in ducks with the addition of 30% shallot skin flour feed.
Enhancing The Quality of Irrigation Wastewater for Mung Bean Cultivation Using IoT Technology
Authors: Eko N , Soraya N M , Anita R , Novi S A , Fiastara
Published: December 2023

Farmers use irrigation channels to irrigate agricultural fields for mung bean cultivation in Indonesia. However, irrigation water in some areas is heavily contaminated and foul-smelling, which can hinder the growth of mung bean plants. Treating irrigation wastewater with methods tailored to the plants’ needs can reduce the levels of contaminants present in the waste-laden irrigation water. This research uses three samples of water wastewater before, after, and PDAM water. This research aims to process polluted irrigation water to produce clean water that meets the quality standards required for plant irrigation. This study employs anaerobic filter technology and IoT-based phytoremediation processes. The results obtained from the wastewater treatment research include adjusting the water pH to 7, reducing COD levels by 41.55%, BOD by 54.6%, phosphates by 23.13%, and nitrates by 90.22%. The comparison obtained from the experiment of watering the green bean plants using three water samples, namely irrigation wastewater before and after being treated, and PDAM water, showed that irrigation wastewater grew faster with a percentage of 65.33%, sewage irrigation water before being treated reached 49.33%, and PDAM water reached 53.33%. The treated water is then supplied to mung bean plants, promoting faster and healthier growth because the water nitrate, BOD, COD, and Phosphate decrease.
The Evaluation of Physical, Biological, and Chemical Treatments on Piggery Wastewater: A study on pig farming in Sumogawe village, Semarang Regency, Central Java
Authors: Anwar Chairul , Confera Akbar Nugroho , Noerwahju Agustien Sri , Handayani Widhi , Handoko Yoga Aji
Published: December 2023

Pig farming is one of the protein sources for Indonesians, and Central Java is the fifth province producing pigs for consumption. As pig waste contains high organic compounds, waste treatment is required to avoid pollution. Previous studies indicate that pig waste is usually processed into biogas or fertilizer and treated by an anaerobic-aerobic process. However, studies on pig wastewater treatment by aerobic process solely are very limited. This research aims to evaluate pig wastewater treatment performance by a biological aerobic process using the application of Biogrow Media-2604 and Resin Seedling Bacteria-1103 produced by Nusa Alam Kreasindo company and chemical process. The wastewater was flown at the rate of 84.4 m3/d with a 48-hour retention time. Samples taken from the inlet, sixth aeration tank, and outlet were analyzed to determine the pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, and N-NH3. The result indicates that the biological aerobic process could reduce TSS to 64%, BOD5 to 90.81%, and COD to 89.06%. However, the aerobic process could not reduce N-NH3, which indicates the need for an anaerobic process. The application of PAC coagulant could decrease all pollutants to fulfill the quality standard regulated by the government. This indicates that applying the aerobic process solely is adequate to process pig wastewater.
Application of Attached Growth System for Laundry Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Solehudin S R , Ardian A I , Martina R D , Budhijanto W , Marbelia L
Published: December 2023

Laundry wastewater can be treated in a small-scale aerobic wastewater treatment (WWT) system utilizing a microbubble generator (MBG). However, removing pollutants, precisely chemical oxygen demand (COD), is often low, especially under high wastewater load conditions. This study aims to improve the WWT system’s performance by incorporating an attached growth system. The research was conducted in a small-scale WWT system with a volume of 832 L in Cokrodiningratan, Code Riverbank, Yogyakarta, treating real wastewater from a nearby laundry shop. Experiments were performed batch-wise for one week with suspended and nylon-fabric-attached growth systems. Wastewater samples from the WWT system were taken and analyzed for COD concentrations. Results indicate that the attached growth system outperforms the suspended growth system. During operation, the suspended growth system achieved a COD removal rate of approximately 78% (temperature range of 26-28°C, a pH level of 6.3-7.1, and influent COD: 377.5 mg/L). In contrast, with the introduction of attachment media under similar batch operation conditions (temperature range: 26-28°C, pH level: 6.4-7.4, influent COD: 755.5 mg/L), the COD removal efficiency increased to 94%. The incorporation of attachment media led to a notably stable performance outcome.
Efficient Solutions for Food Waste in Salatiga City
Authors: Nirmalasari Zebua Damara Dinda , Meitiniarti Irene V , Simamora Liska
Published: December 2023

This research aims to investigate and analyze the ideal food waste management strategies for Salatiga City. Qualitative research methods, both in-depth and semi-structured interviews, were employed to collect data from 21 people from various stakeholders. The collected data were analyzed thematically and contextually to identify patterns, themes, and principal issues related to food waste management. The findings reveal challenges in food waste management due to inadequate waste reduction and sorting practices. Limited knowledge and factors like culture, personality, and economic conditions contribute to these challenges. The research suggests the potential of transforming food waste into valuable products like compost and maggot feed, thus offering economic and environmental benefits. Collaboration among government, institutions, and communities is essential for effective food waste management. This research highlights the importance of proper waste sorting, reducing waste generation, and community engagement. The results provide a foundation for decision-making in formulating effective policies, practices, and strategies for ideal food waste management in Salatiga City, contributing to developing sustainable and environmentally friendly urban areas.
Study of the Implementation of Household Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management Policy in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Putri Budiman Raihan Chaerani , Suharto Didik Gunawan , Wahyunengseh Rutiana Dwi
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze the application of hazardous and toxic waste management policies in the Special Province of Yogyakarta household sector. Waste management is still an emergency problem, especially in Yogyakarta. Garbage is a problem that has not been resolved until now. There is a category of hazardous waste because it can threaten the environment and humans, namely hazardous and toxic waste that contains hazardous materials that require special management. The research method used is qualitative research method using library data analysis. Through this approach, the research gathers information from various literature sources, policy documents, and the results of previous studies on managing hazardous and toxic waste in the household sector. The results of this study are the implementation of hazardous and toxic waste management policies in the household sector still needs to be entirely appropriately implemented in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Indicate that although policies related to hazardous and toxic waste management exist, their implementation still faces several factors, such as the need for more public awareness about the types of hazardous and toxic waste in the household sector and the limited infrastructure for storage and processing are some factors that influence the implementation of this policy.
The diversity and distribution of Gecarcinidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), a potential land crab as a valuable food resource, in Indonesia
Authors: Murniati D C
Published: December 2023

Gecarcinidae is one of the land crabs that is commonly found in intertidal and coastal areas comprises of 28 species worldwide. On some regions, this crab has been known as one of food resources. However, Indonesians have no interest yet in consuming this potentially high-value species. The present study aims to reveal the diversity and distribution of Gecarcinidae in Indonesia and discuss its potencies. Specimens of Gecarcinidae deposited in Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) were used for observation and their morphological differences were recorded. Their recorded localities were used to define the hypothetical distribution. Their economic potential assessments were based on some literatures. In total, there are five species recorded in Indonesia, i.e., Cardisoma carnifex, Gecarcoidea humei, Gecarcoidea lalandii Tuerkayana hirtipes, and Tuerkayana magnum. The widest-distributed species are Cardisoma carnifex and Tuerkayana hirtipes. Among these species, the two largest species are Cardisoma carnifex and Tuerkayana magnum. In Pacific regions, Gecarcoidea is harvested as one of food resources. Therefore, these five species have high potency to support food sustainability and revealing the potencies and chance for captivity could serve as a catalyst to elevate community welfare, especially in coastal areas. Conservation on the natural habitat is necessary to maintain the sustainable utilization.
Man, Woman, and Water: Exploring Gender Dynamics in Urban Water Clean Access in Makassar City
Authors: Basri  , Kasma Andi Yulia , Dewi Chitra , Rahmadani Nanang
Published: December 2023

Gender dynamics play a significant role in shaping access to clean water in urban areas. This study examines the disparities in burdens between men and women and highlights the spectrum of gender dynamics related to clean water access. The research was conducted in the Tallo district of Makassar City, characterized by slums and low-income households. Data were collected through interviews with 200 heads of households using a self-administered questionnaire and combined with participatory observation. The study reveals that adult women (mothers, wives, aunts, sisters, and sisters-in-law) experience more significant burdens in aspects of water collection, time poverty, health and safety risks, hygiene, and sanitation compared to adult men (fathers, husbands, uncles, and brothers). Regarding decision-making power in water access, heavy burdens are experienced by male children (sons and nephews) and female children (daughters and nieces). Women often face more significant challenges in obtaining safe and affordable water access due to gender role demands in domestic tasks and limited water infrastructure affecting water distribution in the community. The study underscores the need for gender-focused interventions to promote equitable access to clean water in Makassar City and empower women in water resource management and decision-making, improving water infrastructure.
Regulatory Model of Food Banks in Indonesia: A Systemic Way to Realizing Sustainable Development of Food Chain in Indonesia
Authors: Arsil Fitra , Ayuni Qurrata , Febriyanto Satrio Alif
Published: December 2023

This paper discusses the food bank regulatory model that is being initiated in Indonesia. This idea is interesting in the scope of food sustainability because Indonesia has an issue with a large amount of leftover food and the disparities in food availability where there are areas with food surpluses and vice versa. The problem of food disparity is attempted to be overcome by the existence of food banks to distribute the excess food to those in need. Unfortunately, the presence of food banks is limited to community volunteerism without specific regulations. This paper uses the normative juridical method. First is the need for accuracy in drafting legislation to not impose excessive burdens on relevant stakeholders. Second, there is a need for harmonization with various related regulations. With the normative juridical method, this paper concludes the importance of Indonesia making additional regulations related to food banks in the existing law with additional tax and other administrative incentives.
The Impact of Perceived Behavioral Control, Norms, and Individual Attitude on Decisions to Save Energy Toward Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia
Authors: Suwanan Ahmad Fawaiq , Allya Hanna Rachmani , Kurniawan Dediek Tri
Published: December 2023

Energy consumption in Indonesia is increasing every year. In 2019, there was an increase compared to 2018. However, from 2019 to 2020, it has decreased. This is due to the Covid-19 pandemic. After the new normal, energy consumption in Indonesia increased again until 2022. This study investigates the impact of normative factors and perceptions of behavioral control on energy saving in Indonesia. This study used the Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The model was calculated empirically using a questionnaire survey collected from 356 respondents focused on all Indonesian people. The results of this study show that attitudes, subjective command norms, behavioral control, and descriptive norms have a significant and positive effect on the intention to save energy. Behavioral control, descriptive norms, and command norms positively affect energy-saving attitudes. In order to maintain energy efficiency, stakeholders should consider those factors in enhancing net zero emission in energy sector.
The Assessment of Freshwater Quality in the Sungai Semantan Based on the Malaysian‘s Index of Freshwater Quality
Authors: Hashim M , Zunaidi M I R , Nayan N , Mahat H , Saleh Y , Zahid M S , Koh L C
Published: December 2023

Sungai Semantan is important for fish aquaculture industry in Malaysia. Therefore, the aimed of this article is to assess the index of freshwater quality (WQI) of the Sungai Semantan, Pahang during the rainy season (February to April 2018). The Sungai Semantan WQI was monitored at three stations by assessing six freshwater quality parameters, i.e., DO, BOD, COD, NH3-N, pH, and TSS. The Semantan River’s WQI was assessed using the Malaysian Department of Environment’s WQI classification. The results showed that three freshwater quality parameters, namely DO (6.32 mg/l), COD (46.8 mg/l), and TSS (104.4 mg/l), exceeded the standard at certain stations and classified as Class IV. However, on average, all parameters showed Classes I to III for all stations, and WQI indicated the Semantan River was slightly polluted (WQI 78.2), and classified as Class II. Changes in land use in the Temerloh district for agricultural and urbanisation have exacerbated the Semantan River’s WQI. Contradict to perception that the aquaculture is the main source of freshwater pollution for the Semantan River. Consequently, the Semantan River’s WQI must be monitored regularly, as the river is critical not only for domestic freshwater supply but also for freshwater fish aquaculture and ecotourism.
Assessment and Mapping of Water Quality in Urban Communities: Insights for Sustainable Development
Authors: Basri  , Yulia Kasma Andi , Muftiah Ridjal Andi Tilka , Febriany Indah Arifah
Published: December 2023

Water quality is crucial for public health, ecosystem well-being, and sustainable development. However, ensuring access to safe and reliable water sources in urban communities takes time and effort. Assessing and mapping water quality in these communities is vital to understanding the current state of water resources, identifying potential contamination sources, and addressing health impacts. This descriptive study aims to assess and map water quality using clarity, color, odor, taste, safety, stability, and convenience parameters. Data were collected from eight sub-districts in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, and a questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews or electronic distribution. The study included 200 households selected through purposive sampling. The assessment revealed varying water quality among households, with the distribution as follows: good (46.0%), enough (29.0%), bad (19.0%), and poor (1.5%). Spatial mapping results indicated poor water quality in the Lakkang and Rappokalling sub-districts and inadequate water quality in the Lembo, Tallo, and Buloa sub-districts. Conversely, Wala-walaya and Bunga Eja Beru sub-districts exhibited good and sufficient water quality. The research underscores the importance of prioritizing water resource management and implementing measures for sustainable development goals. By doing so, we can enhance public health and preserve valuable ecosystems.
Particulate Metal Contamination Assessment in Surabaya Coast, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Taufiqurrahman Edwards , Lestari  , Kaisupy Muhammad Taufik , Harmesa
Published: December 2023

Surabaya’s coasts, situated in an active metropolitan region, threatened by metal contamination, which can be found in particulate matter. However, data of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate metals on the Surabaya Coast are scarce. This study aims to systematically evaluate the impact of trace metals on the environment through particulate metal analysis. Water sample was taken in May 2017 at 17 sites, and analyzed using the acid digestion procedure and measured by ICP-MS. The results show that SPM levels range from 10.80 – 51.80 mg/L, while the concentrations of particulate metals range from 0 – 2.78 mg/kg, 1.14 – 130.77 mg/kg, 3.43 – 60.19 mg/kg and 0.87 – 7.00 mg/kg dry weight for Cd, Cu, Pb, and As, respectively. The location of Surabaya coast might affects salinity and temperature where eastern part is more affected by Madura Strait, but metal concentration are all affected by riverine input. Based on the Geo-accumulation Index and Pollution Load Index, several sites on the Surabaya’s coasts are polluted. However, they have low-level toxicity and insignificant mortality, indicating the Surabaya Coast environments is still safe for living habitat. Meanwhile, particulate metal concentrations are relatively high in several locations, possibly caused by the port, marine tourism, and other anthropogenic activities.
The Effect of Shading Position on The Thermal Comfort Commercial Buildings Through Energy Retrofitting
Authors: Laila Hamidah Nur , Zulfan Prasetya Hamzah , Aulady Mohamad F. N.
Published: December 2023

The Surabaya building sector is a prime target for energy efficiency initiatives, given its substantial contribution to overall energy consumption. Commercial buildings, often filled with glass to harness natural lighting, inadvertently raise room temperatures and increase cooling demands. Thus, ensuring thermal comfort within these structures becomes paramount. An energy use survey reveals that air conditioning accounts for a significant 62% of consumption, underscoring the need for retrofitting, especially in commercial buildings. This study centers on retrofitting strategies, focusing on the application of shading devices to glass exteriors, aimed at reducing solar heat gain and, consequently, heat transfer through the building envelope. The research investigates two shading positions: horizontal and vertical, each with specific opening angles and width variations. The Computational Fluid Dynamics method, assisted by CFD software, serves as the simulation tool, exploring shading opening angles at 0°, 30°, and 45°, and shading widths at 20% and 60% of the window glass height. Simulation results highlight the efficacy of horizontal shading, boasting a 60% width of the glass height and a 45° opening angle, which reduces temperatures by a significant 2.5278°C. Additionally, a cost-benefit analysis reveals substantial electricity consumption savings post-retrofitting, amounting to 7619.9 kWh. This translates to best-case cost savings of Rp15,586,068 and worst-case savings of Rp10,390,712, with respective payback periods of 1.57 and 2.52 years.
Spoken from the Grave
Authors: Wijma Sara
Published: December 2023

Talking about metics means echoing the Athenian master narrative on the free foreigners who were living in the Athenian polis. Metoikia was essentially an Athenian creation, solely formulated and articulated by the Athenian demos. However, the fact that the people who were labelled ‘metics’ were not actively participating in this master narrative on their status in Athenian society does not mean that they were completely silent or silenced on this matter. This chapter investigates the ways in which the people who were commonly and collectively labelled as metics by the Athenians constructed a wide range of social identities on the funerary monuments of their loved ones. It builds on a corpus of 125 (fragments of) funerary monuments and around 500 funerary inscriptions from the fifth and fourth centuries that can to some degree be associated with metics. Significantly, these funerary monuments never explicitly refer to the metic status of the deceased. But what, if not their metic status, were the important values and social relationships deemed worthy of public praise by these free foreigners living and dying in classical Athens?
Mutual mate guarding with limited sexual conflict in a sex-role-reversed shorebird
Authors: Krietsch Johannes , Valcu Mihai , Cragnolini Margherita , Forstmeier Wolfgang , Kempenaers Bart
Published: December 2023

Mate guarding is typically considered a male strategy to protect paternity. However, under some circumstances, females might also benefit from guarding their mate. Female mate guarding might be particularly important in socially polyandrous species in which females compete for access to care-giving males. Because males also benefit from being near their partner to avoid paternity loss, pair members may have a mutual interest in mate guarding in polyandrous species. We studied the time spent together and movements that lead to separation, as behavioral measures of mate guarding, in the classically polyandrous red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius). We equipped 64 breeding pairs with miniaturized telemetry loggers with GPS to assess variation in mate-guarding intensity in relation to breeding phenology and season, nest attendance, and the occurrence of extrapair paternity. We show that red phalarope pairs were almost continuously together in the days before clutch initiation with no sex bias in separation movements, indicating mutual contribution to mate guarding. Our results suggest that in red phalaropes, both pair members guard their mate, with limited sexual conflict arising through biases in the operational sex ratio and a trade-off with male nest attendance. We found no clear relationship between mate-guarding intensity and the occurrence of extrapair paternity. In this non-territorial socially polyandrous species, mutual mate guarding might be the process underlying the evolution of a brief but strong social pair bond, with no other purpose than producing a clutch for a care-giving male.
IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSOral_2Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Status shift 1 year after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y vs One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass. Results of a Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Boru C E , De Maio F , Capoccia D , Velotti N , Verrastro O , Capaldo B , Musella M , Raffaelli M , Delogu G , Leonetti F , Silecchia G
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The comparison of effectiveness between R-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB/MGB) remains unclear, as well as the changes in gut microbiota (GM). Materials: prospective, cohort, multi-centre study enrolling 96 patients with severe obesity, applying inclusion criteria, randomised between OAGB/MGB or RYGB. Faecal and blood samples were collected, pre- (T0) and 12 months postoperatively (T1). GM was determined by V3-V4 16S rRNA regions sequencing and home-made bioinformatic pipeline based on Qiime2 plugin and R packages. A standardised meal test was performed at T0 and T1 with 250 ml of liquid meal Oxepa (Abbott, Japan).

Aim

To evaluate and compare OAGB/MGB vs RYGB microbiota profile shift postoperatively and its impact on metabolic and nutritional status.

Results

54 patients completed the study, 27 for each procedure (females 61%). No significant differences were found at T0 for anthropometric and nutritional parameters, while a statistically significant anthropometrics’ reduction was registered at T1, with a significant improvement of glucose and lipid profile, and significant reduction in vitamins and iron. Postoperatively fasting glucose, lipid profile, vitamins and minerals were not significantly different between the 2 procedures. Fasting GLP-1 was higher at T1, but postprandial values showed a lower peak both 60' and 120' after ingestion of the mixed meal., with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Examining the GM’s alpha and beta diversity, Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio increased postoperatively, mainly dependent on Bacteroidetes decreasing. Relative abundances evaluation highlighted those main differences between the identified clusters (group A 29 subjects, group B 14 subjects and group C 10 subjects) were dependent on variation in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. A different trend was detected at Phylum level between T0 and T1 of each cluster. Bacteroides and Streptococcus genera appeared mainly changed between the three groups (both showing p< 0.001).

Conclusions

The emergence of slightly different GM profile postoperatively may be related to clinical condition or may play a key role in the long-term outcome and may represent a biomarker to follow bariatric surgery’s outcomes. No difference between the two bypass techniques were found in GM profile or other examined metabolic parameters one year postoperatively.
IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSOral_10Selection of the Length of the Biliopancreatic Loop in OAGB-MGB
Authors: Teshaev O R , Zhumaev N A , Murodov A S , Rakhmonova G E
Published: December 2023

Introduction

One anastomosis gastric bypass (Omega loop gastric bypass/minigastric bypass/single bypass) has gained supporters worldwide, especially in recent years in Europe and Asia. Several studies have shown that this is a simple, safe and effective bariatric surgery. However, there are many controversial and ambiguously accepted technical aspects of this procedure. The purpose of this study is to report on the clinical results of choosing the length of the biliopancreatic loop in laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass.

Methods

From April 2018 to April 2023, we performed OAGB-MGB in 678 obese patients, 586 of them had type 2 diabetes. Median age: 46.2 years (29 to 63 years). The average weight was 122 ± 11.5 kgs (98-244); BMI on average 44.8±8.7 kg/m2 (37-72); The average operation time was 74±9.6 minutes (52-140). All examined patients were divided into 2 groups, the control group and main group of patients. The control group had 302 patients (2018-2020) and the length of the biliopancreatic loop (BPL) ranged from 180 to 250 cms. The main group had 376 (2021-2023) patients and the length of the BPL ranged from 150 to 200 cms, depending on BMI. At BMI < 40 kg/m2, the length of the BPL was 150 cms; at BMI > 40 kg/m2, it was 180 cms; at BMI > 50 kg/m2, the length of the BPL was 200 cms.

Results

Analysis of the results of treatment of patients in the control group showed that the number of complications were high, especially protein and vitamin-mineral deficiencies were observed. Therefore, we have developed a computer programme for selecting the length of the biliopancreatic loop depending on BMI. This program was taken as the basis for performing OAGB-MGB in patients of the main group. Analysis of the results of treatment of patients in the main group showed the effectiveness of this technique, which resulted in a decrease in the number of early and late postoperative complications in the main group compared with the control group.

Conclusions

OAGB/MGB is a feasible, safe and effective bariatric surgery. When performing OAGB/MGB, depending on the patient's BMI, it is necessary to individually select the length of the biliopancreatic loop. The length of the biliopancreatic loop of more than 250 cms increases the risk of developing protein, vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSOral_27Trends and Safety of Bariatric Revisional Surgery in Italy: multi-centre, prospective, observational study
Authors: Boru C E , Marinari G M , Olmi S , Gentileschi P , Morino M , Anselmino M , Foletto M , Bernante P , Piazza L , Perrotta N , Morganti R , Silecchia G ,   the cooperative RESTART group
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Revisional bariatric surgery (RBS) represents a further solution for patients who experience inadequate weight loss (IWL) following primary bariatric surgery (BS) or significant weight regain (WR) following initial satisfactory response. RBS guidelines are lacking, however, an increased trend in further BS offering has been reported lately.

Objectives

Analysing trend, mortality, complication, readmission, and reoperation rates for any reason at 30 days after RBS in Italy. Setting: 10 Italian high-volume bariatric surgery centres (University hospitals and Private centres).

Methods

Prospective, observational, multi-centre study enrolling patients undergoing RBS between 01.10.2021-31.03.2022, registering reasons for RBS, technique, mortality, intraoperative and perioperative complications, readmissions, and reinterventions for any reason. Patients undergoing RBS during same calendar interval of 2016-2020 were considered control-group.

Results

220 patients were enrolled and compared with 560 control-group patients. Mortality was 0.45% vs 0.35% (not significant), with an overall of 0.25%, while open surgery or conversion to open surgery registered in 1%. No difference was found for mortality, morbidity, complications, readmission (1.3%) and reoperation rates (2.2%). IWL/WR was the most frequent cause, followed by GERD; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was the most used revisional procedure (56%). Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) was the most revised procedure in the study-group, while gastric banding in the control-group. RBS represents up to 9% of the total BS in the Italian participating centres.

Conclusions

Laparoscopy represents the standard approach for RBS, which appears safe. Current Italian trends show a shift towards SG being the most revised procedure and RYGB the most used as revisional procedure.
Blue-coloured keratoelastoidosis marginalis-like lesions in two middle-aged women
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Mustari Akash P , Singh Sukhdeep , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Kumaran Muthu Sendhil
Published: December 2023

A woman in her 40s presented with bluish discoloration of palms of 4 years’ duration. She also had multiple large joint pains (shoulders and knees) and stiffness of the back, limiting her mobility. Another woman in her 40s presented with bluish discoloration of the palms and soles, progressive backache and knee, ankle and shoulder joint pains of 9 years’ duration.