bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Most of the popular rice varieties in Bangladesh are of medium glycemic index (GI)
Authors: Tamanna Sonia , Dutta Alak K , Parvin Sayma , Biswas Sunil K , Howlader M Zakir H
Published: April 2022

Objective: Carbohydrate rich food is the most widely consumed nutrient globally, but when consumed in excess it can have undesirable effects on health. Glycemic index (GI) could be a degree of the impacts of carbohydrates on blood glucose levels.Materials and methods: We selected eight Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) developed varieties and two local varieties.Results and Discussion: The highest amount of carbohydrate was measured in BRRI Dhan-29 variety (81.18%), and the lowest amount was found in BR-26 (78.03%). The highest starch digestibility was found in BRRI Dhan-40 (86.56%), and the lowest starch digestibility was found in BRRI Dhan-28 (70.20%).GI ranged from 49.87 to 74.20 in parboiled varieties. Only two varieties (BR-16 and Pajam) are in the low GI group (55 and below), with most of the varieties are within medium GI group (56-69) (BR-11, BR-26, BRRIDhan-28, BRRIDhan-30 and BRRIDhan-40). High GI value (70 and above) are BRRI Dhan-29 and Chinigura. Although BR-16 had the highest amylose content and lowest GI value, however, in some cases, for example, BRRI-Dhan-29 has high amylose content as well as a high GI value. There was no significant correlation between GI and amylose content. However, when the elevated rapidly digestible starch value of BRRI Dhan-29 is being considered, at that point, it clarifies the higher GI value. A noteworthy relationship (r=0.62, p< 0.01) was found between GI values and RDS content.Conclusion: Low GI rice with good nutritional composition may encourage farmers as well as consumers for their high demand and economic benefit.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 484-490
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Doğan M , Polat O , Baysal Z , Ulu MS , İnan S , Yavaş GF , İnan ÜÜ
Published: April 2022

Objective: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is the most common retinal vascular disease following diabetic retinopathy. Pathogenesis of BRVO is multifactorial and could not be clarified enough yet. As BRVO is a disease that goes with thrombosis and inflammatory processes, inflammatory markers could help to predict the risk of BRVO. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the BRVO.Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients with BRVO were included to this retrospective study. Forty age and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Demographic characteristics, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet counts and NLR were recorded and compared between the patients and the control group.Results and Discussion: The mean WBC, neutrophil and NLR were significantly higher in the BRVO patients compared with control group (7.89±1.8fL vs 6.97±1.4fL, p=0.014, 4.85±1.4fL vs 4.01±0.9fL, p=0.002, 2.40±1.2 vs 1.87±0.5, p=0.026, respectively). There were no difference between two groups in terms of lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet counts (p=894, p=0.22, p=0.589, respevtively).Conclusion: NLR was higher in patients with BRVO and higher NLR may contribute to development of BRVO associated with systemic and/or local inflammation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 499-502
Effects of a Structured Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Zuhrin Izwan , Nurulhuda - , Shamala Doreen , Yatim Saari Mohd
Published: April 2022

Objective: To evaluate the functional outcome and psychological function among post-COVID-19 patients who joined a structured outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) program.Methods. This is a retrospective study conducted at the Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Serdang from January until August 2021. Individuals with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection category 3, 4 and 5 underwent 4 weeks of PR program as outpatients. Outcome measures include 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), and Grip Strength (GS) of the dominant hand. Data from pre- and post-program were analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21 item) pre- and post-program were analysed using the likelihood ratio test.Results. A total of 20 patients completed the program, with the majority of them had COVID-19 category 5 (47.6%), being male (66.7%) and with a median age of 47 ± 11.9. There was a significant difference in 6MWT, DASI (both p < 0.001) and GS of the dominant hand (p < 0.05). Mean difference of the 6MWT pre- and post-program was 73 meters. There was an improvement in the severity level of DASS-21 items.Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the PR program is beneficial to improve functional outcomes for COVID-19 survivors. With regards to the psychological assessment, there was an improvement in the level of depression, anxiety and stress severity.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2022 Page: S43
Smoking and E-cigarettes Behaviour during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mohd Shaid Lina Amirah , Omar Mohd Rahman
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Smoking increases the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, which may reduce smoking activity among smokers. However, anxiety, stress, and boredom, especially during the lockdown, may increase cigarette consumption during COVID-19 pandemic despite the worrying complications. This study aimed to review the changes in tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette behaviour following the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore smoking cessation campaigns, programs, or promotions during this period.Methods: A search was conducted on EBSCOHOST and PubMed using keywords of (COVID-19 OR "Novel Coronavirus" OR "2019 novel coronavirus" OR 2019-nCoV OR SARS-CoV-2) AND ("Smoking behaviour*" OR "smoking cessation" OR "quit smoking" OR e-cigarette OR "electronic nicotine delivery systems" OR "electronic cigarette" OR vaporiser OR e-cigarette OR vaping). The inclusion criteria include articles in English language and reported on smoking behaviour and using electronic cigarettes during COVID-19, and any campaigns or support for smoking cessation within the timeline before, during and after the lockdown.Results: A total of 196 articles were screened. Upon completing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 articles were included in this review involving subjects aged 12 to 86 years. Among the articles, 25 had described changes in cigarette smoking behaviour. Most smokers did not significantly change their smoking behaviour during pandemics. However, about one-third of smokers reduced their cigarette smoking amount. Among the articles on e-cigarettes, 12 of them were reviewed. Most users did not reduce their e-cigarette consumption, while a study done in the USA had demonstrated a 44% reduction. Six papers had reviewed the support or programs for smoking cessation during COVID-19. There were increased programs for smoking cessation; most programs were conducted online, either on social media or using apps.Conclusion: With the growing concern and various actions of individuals and the community towards the pandemic, the authority should seize this chance to advocate smoking cessation by implementing strategies tailored to the current pandemic situation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2022 Page: S44
Study on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Traumatic Amputated Patients Using DSM-5 Revised Criteria
Authors: Zahan Refat , Rahman Md Abdur , Huda Mamun Md Shamsul , Ferdaus Farhana , Akhiruzzaman - , Yasmin Rasheda , Shahriah Sunjida , Islam Mazharul
Published: April 2022

Background: Limb amputation is a common surgical procedure done for therapeutic reasons to prevent further deterioration and save lives.Objective: To assess the level of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among trauma related amputated patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December of 2016 on 296 amputated patients who were admitted in the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, and BDM Hospital and Diagnostic Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A semi-structured, questionnaire was developed both English and Bangla (local language) using the variables of the study and validated. Using that tool, face to face interview was taken. The checklists were used to collect their socio-demographic characteristics, information regarding amputation and stress severity and diagnosis of PTSD, collectively termed as DSM-5.Results: Among 296 respondents, 213(72%) were male and 83(28%) were female. The mean age of the respondents was 32.013±5.35 years. PTSD was found in221 (75%), while the rest 75 (25%) had acute traumatic stressdisorder. Among PTSD patients, 10(50%) with digit amputated, 41(68.33%) of upper limb amputated, 155(77.11%) of lower limb amputated, and 15(100%) of both or multiple limbs amputated respondents. 61% had extreme level of stress. PTSD had significant association with sex, age, habitat, occupationposition and part of limb loss (P<0.05).Conclusion: In our country, PTSD is very common in amputated patients and has significant association with sex, age, habitat, occupation as well as part of limb loss. Multidisciplinary team of health professionals should emphasize on the need of amputees, both physically and psychologically and provide an effective rehabilitation plan.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 02 April’22 Page: 183-187
The Relationship between Food Myths and the Incidence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Izzati Aghnia Ilma , Tamtomo Didik Gunawan , Rahardjo Setyo Sri
Published: April 2022

Background: Nutrition in pregnant women is an important factor affecting maternal and fetal health. Anaemia is one of the problems in pregnancy. Lack of protein and iron intake is one of the factors causing anaemia. Cultural beliefs and knowledge such as food myths and taboos can give bad impacts on maternal and child health.Objective: To determine the relationship between food myths and the incidence of anaemia among pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy.Materials and Methods: This observational research used a cross-sectional design. The determination of the subject used a simple random sampling and the obtained samples were Puskesmas Margasari, Puskesmas Kesambi, and Puskesmas Lebaksiu. The population was pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy in Tegal District with the subject of 120 pregnant women. The data were collected using a food myth questionnaire. Data were analysed using Chi-Square.Result: There was a relationship between belief in food myths and the incidence of anaemia among pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy in Tegal District (p-value: 0.002).International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 02 April’22 Page: 200-203
Correlation between Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Serum Levels and Alteration of NIHSS Score in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Riasari Naili Sofi , Tugasworo Dodik , Husni Amin
Published: April 2022

Objective : MMP-9 is a proteolytic enzyme that plays a role in stroke pathological process. Its secretion increases rapidly after ischemic stroke onset. It gives a promising biomarker of stroke prognosis.The NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) is a clinical scale for predicting post stroke clinical outcomes. The study aim is to determine the correlation between MMP-9 serum levels and alteration of NIHSS score in acute ischemic stroke.Material and Methods :This was a prospective cohort study at Kariadi Hospital Semarang during October 2018 - January 2019. Subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for 5 cc venous blood samples ≤48 hours of stroke onset to examine the MMP-9 serum levels andmeasured alteration of NIHSS scores between the 2nd, 7thand 14th day of stroke onset.Results : There were 51 subjects with a mean MMP-9 serum levels of 1.223,24 ng/ml (normal 169-705 ng/ml). Elevated MMP-9 serum levels were correlated with worsening clinical outcomes on 7th and 14th day of stroke onset (p=0.007 ; p=0.005). ROC curve analysis obtained MMP-9 serum levels ≤48 hours of stroke onset with a cutoff point of 899.5 ng/ml, which MMP-9 serum levels above 899.5 ng/ml as a predictor of worsening clinical outcome.Conclusion :There was correlation between MMP-9 serum levels ≤48 hours of ischemic stroke onset with clinical outcome on 7th and 14th day of stroke onset.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 02 April’22 Page: 208-212
THE FEATURES FOR PLANNING AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER TRAINING ON THE VIRTUAL PLATFORM
Authors: Izabella Gravikovna Babayan  , Alesa Misakovna Durgaryan
Published: April 2022

Modern technology offers today’s teachers many different methods to improve and develop their professional knowledge and skills. Due to them it is available to take part in the different trainings on the virtual platform using modern technologies as additional basements for their professional development. The situation in the world today has completely changed not only the nature and structure of the educational process in schools and other educational institutions, but also the teachers' completely different requirements to carry out the educational process online. In order to make the educational process more effective, teachers not only change their curricula and work style, but also change the materials and methods they use to fit the online platform. The latter, in turn, promotes the acquisition and application of many new knowledge and skills. There are various online programs and tools in the media field today to make online learning more effective. Virtual training is considered to be one of the most prominent and necessary method of teacher training which is quickly spreading all over the world. All of these virtual training opportunities give a chance to keep in touch with fellow teachers from around world. Teachers can share their experience and knowledge and get advice on different teaching problems and difficulties. In addition, virtual training is always updated and includes the latest changes and approaches to the teaching sphere.
Prática baseada em evidências e produção brasileira em Análise do Comportamento Clínica
Authors: El Horr de Moraes Patricia , Martins da Silveira Jocelaine
Published: April 2022

A Análise do Comportamento Clínica (ACC) tem pressupostos similares aos postulados pela APA para Prática Baseada em Evidências (PBE). Porém, essa familiaridade não garante adequação da produção brasileira às diretrizes. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar possíveis relações entre a produção brasileira em ACC e as diretrizes estabelecidas pela APA por meio de uma revisão de literatura. Segundo protocolo PRISMA, das 353 publicações elegíveis, 172 foram inclusas. Os estudos conceituais (107) foram introduzidos ao IRaMuTeQ, demonstrando crescente emprego dos termos referentes à PBE a partir de 2017. Os empíricos (65) tiveram suas metodologias analisadas, observando compatibilidades com as recomendações da PBE. Entretanto, apenas um estudo propôs realização de análise funcional e nenhum estudo reportou avaliação da satisfação do cliente. Os resultados sugerem que as diretrizes da APA podem ter exercido influência na produção nacional, mas novos estudos poderiam refinar as análises para aumentar a possibilidade de inferências quanto à relação.
O papel de contingências de competição no autorrelato de crianças sobre seus desempenhos em um jogo computadorizado
Authors: Mazzoca Rafael Hanazumi , Cortez Mariéle Diniz
Published: April 2022

Este estudo verificou como contingências de competição, quando o participante está ou não em desvantagem em relação a um oponente virtual, influenciam a acurácia do autorrelato de crianças sobre seus desempenhos em um jogo computadorizado. Participaram seis crianças com desenvolvimento típico expostas às seguintes condições experimentais: Linha de Base, que avaliou a acurácia dos autorrelatos dos participantes sobre seus desempenhos sem contingências planejadas de competição; Competição-Vantagem, cujo objetivo foi verificar o papel de contingências de competição, em que o participante se encontrava em vantagem em relação ao oponente, sobre o autorrelato; e Competição-Desvantagem, que avaliou a influência de contingências de competição, em que o participante se encontrava em desvantagem em relação ao adversário, sobre a acurácia do autorrelato. Os resultados indicaram a influência de contingências de competição na correspondência do autorrelato de três dos seis participantes, indicando a contingência de competição como variável de controle da correspondência verbal/não verbal.
Avaliação Funcional Indireta do Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo no contexto clínico
Authors: Almeida Paola Esposito de Moraes , Micheletto Nilza , Jotten Luisa
Published: April 2022

Para a Terapia Comportamental, é necessário conhecer a função do comportamento quando se pretende planejar intervenções individualizadas, eficientes, e com resultados de longo prazo. O presente trabalho buscou identificar a função dos comportamentos obsessivo-compulsivos de um adolescente a partir de estratégias de avaliação funcional indireta, avaliando a ocorrência desses comportamentos diante dos contextos “social”, de “demandas”, “lazer” e na condição “sozinho”, conforme o modelo de Análise Funcional proposto por Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman (1994). Os resultados indicaram que, além do possível reforçamento negativo sensorial produzido pelos comportamentos obsessivos compulsivos, a liberação de consequências sociais e a retirada de demandas seriam condições importantes na manutenção do TOC. Os resultados podem tanto indicar um controle múltiplo das contingências envolvidas na manutenção das respostas avaliadas, quanto uma fragilidade do procedimento em diferenciar as contingências relevantes. Testes experimentais adicionais e a avaliação de intervenções funcionalmente orientadas seriam indicadas para confirmação das hipóteses levantadas.
Economia Comportamental: um Tutorial para Analistas do Comportamento (R. Freitas- Lemos & F. S. Oda, Trad.)
Authors: Reed Derek D. , Niileksela Christopher R. , Kaplan Brent A.
Published: April 2022

Recentemente, a economia comportamental tem ganhado bastante atenção na psicologia e nas políticas públicas. Apesar do aumento do interesse e a condução de estudos básicos experimentais, a aplicação da economia comportamental em ambientes terapêuticos ainda é esparsa. Usando exemplos de estudos básicos e aplicados, nós apresentamos uma visão geral dos princípios da perspectiva da economia comportamental e discutimos as implicações para a prática da análise do comportamento. O aumento do número de pesquisas translacionais é encorajado.
Treino de Operantes Verbais no Ensino de Vocabulário em uma Segunda Língua: Revisão Sistemática de Estudos Experimentais
Authors: Silva Karina , Vichi Christian , Sampaio Leonardo
Published: April 2022

Esta revisão sistemática compilou os resultados de experimentos que avaliaram o treino de operantes verbais na aquisição de vocabulário em um segundo idioma. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Medline Complete, Pubmed, PsycINFO e Web of Science, no dia 07 de janeiro de 2021, sem delimitação de ano de publicação. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: “verbal operant*”, “mand”, “tact”, “intraverbal”, “echoic”, “textual behavior”, “taking dictation”, “dictation-taking”, “autoclitic”, “second language", "foreign language", "bilingualism" e "bilingual". Foram incluídos 18 artigos, totalizando na análise de 21 experimentos. Os resultados apresentam evidências de eficácia do treino de tato e de intraverbais na aquisição de vocabulário em língua estrangeira, incluindo relações emergentes. Os resultados do treino de ouvinte são menos consistentes. Há escassez de estudos avaliando os treinos de ecoico, mando e autoclítico. Esta revisão avança ao sistematizar evidências que apontam para a eficácia de técnicas comportamentais no ensino de vocabulário em uma segunda língua.
A ciência como autobiografia: B. F. Skinner e a escrita da vida científica
Authors: Cruz Robson
Published: April 2022

B. F. Skinner escreveu uma das mais extensas autobiografias da história da ciência. Porém, parca atenção foi prestada às peculiaridades e ao valor intelectual dessa fonte de pesquisa. De modo a lidar com essa lacuna historiográfica, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a narrativa autobiográfica de Skinner como um documento com possibilidades teóricas inexploradas na historiografia da ciência. O argumento defendido é o de que a autobiografia de Skinner apresenta significativa valor epistemológico e historiográfico ao expor inédita interpretação do comportamento científico no conjunto de sua obra. Por fim, avalio a autobiografia de Skinner como fonte capaz de tornar a sua filosofia e ciência do comportamento alinhadas com relevantes debates contemporâneos nas ciências humanas e sociais.
Características de um protótipo brasileiro de Terapia Comportamental Dialética (DBT)
Authors: Pimentel Tamires , Holland Heitor Marques , Serralta Fernanda Barcellos
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar e descrever as características de um protótipo brasileiro de Terapia Comportamental Dialética (DBT) para ser utilizado em investigações de processos e processos-resultados. Para tanto, 10 experts brasileiros em DBT responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ordenaram os 100 itens do Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS) de acordo com o que avaliaram ser uma sessão ideal nessa psicoterapia. Houve alto nível de concordância entre os participantes (α= 0,94), e a análise de componentes principais do tipo Q diferenciou o protótipo de DBT dos protótipos de outras abordagens utilizadas para comparação. Foram identificadas correlações entre os distintos modelos psicoterápicos analisados, fomentando a discussão sobre os fatores comuns, e a natureza heterogênea da DBT e da amostra de experts brasileiros. Tais resultados possibilitam que o protótipo elaborado seja utilizado em investigações das múltiplas variáveis presentes no processo terapêutico deste modelo de tratamento.
Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients with Distant Metastasis
Authors: Hoang Tien Manh , Hoang Van Hieu , Bui Thi Thu Hoai
Published: April 2022

Objective: To explore the characteristics and prognostic factors of distant metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (DMGA). Methods: The data of DMGA patients who were enrolled in the SEER database from 2010 to 2017 was obtained. The Chi-squared test was performed for comparison between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: A total of 2324 DMGA patients was identified. The association between different metastatic sites and clinicopathological characteristics was detected. The survival curves of patients with single and double-organ metastasis were established. The multivariate Cox analysis indicated that age, histological grade, T stage, N stage, surgery and tumor size were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: DMGA patients have poor outcomes, especially brain metastasis, bone metastasis, liver-brain metastasis, and lung-brain metastasis. Age <60 years old and cancer-directed surgery indicated a better prognosis, while higher T and N stage, higher grade and tumor size ≥5 cm indicated a worse prognosis.
PIK3CA, KI67, Estrogen (ER) and Progesterone Receptors (PR) Expression Pattern of in HER2 Positive Breast Cancers
Authors: Ogenyi Samuel I. , Onu June A. , Ibeh Nancy C. , Madukwe Jonathan U. , Onu Onyekachi A. , Menkiti Felix E.
Published: April 2022

Background: PIK3CA mutations have been reported to be associated with resistance to therapy in HER2+ breast cancers. This study, therefore, became imperative to determine the expression pattern of this mutant protein together with ER, PR and KI67 in order to serve as a useful predictive tool in the management of HER2 breast cancers.Methods: A total of 53 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HER2+ breast cancer tissue blocks from 2015 to 2019 were used for the study in NAUTH Nnewi. The selected blocks were sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. HER2, ER and PR status confirmation as well as PIK3CA and KI67 protein expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (Avidin-biotin complex method). PIK3CA and KI67 expressions in the tissue were scored based on proportion and intensity of immune-labelling using the semi-quantitative method.Result: The mean age of subjects was 47 years and the breast cancers were all invasive ductal carcinoma. Twenty-nine (54.7%) were ER+ while 24 (45.3%) were ER-. Twenty-one (39.6%) were PR+ while 32 (60.4%) were PR-. Twenty-one (39.6%) were PIK3CA negative, 9(35.8%) showed low PIK3CA, while 13(24.5%) showed high PIK3CA. Thirty-four (64.2%) were negative for KI67, 11(20.8%) showed low KI67, while 8(15.5%) showed high KI67. There was weak and moderate positive relationship between ER/PR status and PIK3CA (r=-0.032; p=0.822) and KI67 (r=0.050; p=0.721) respectively. A weak negative correlation between KI67 and PIK3CA (r=-0.118; p=0.401) were observed with 12 (22.4%) of the 13 highly positive PIK3CA cases showing either negative or low for KI67 immunoreactivity while 7(13.2%) of the 8 highly positive KI67 cases showed either negative or low PIK3CA immunoreactivity.Conclusion: This study established a moderate expression of PIK3CA mutant protein. It also pointed out an existing interesting relationship between PIK3CA and KI67, which can be further revealed in future studies.
A Study of the Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Risk of Developing Hepatocellular Carcinoma in People with Hepatitis B Infection; A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Nour Hammadi , Maroua Chouia , Samir Derouiche
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a severe global public health issue. It is the 10th biggest cause of death worldwide. Objective: This review focuses on the relationship between oxidative stress and the risk of developing of acute and chronic hepatitis B complications. Methods: The data were collected by searching Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Keywords used as search terms were “Hepatitis B”, “Acute and Chronic hepatitis”, “HBV induced inflammatory reaction”, “hepatitis B and Oxidative stress” and “free radical induced hepatitis B complication”.Results: Chronic infections with chronic active hepatitis, acute or sub-acute hepatic necrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular cancer in people with hepatitis B infection are all complications of viral hepatitis. Extrahepatic complications are common in patients with chronic hepatitis infection, including cryoglobulinemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, porphyria cutanea tarda, and lichen planus. Wide variations in hepatitis B incubation durations show that the redox state of cells can influence viral activity. Viral replication is more active with more severe oxidative stress, with dispersion from lysed or dead cells. Although the precise mechanisms of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders are still debated. Conclusion: Viral activity can be determined by the oxidative stress status of the cells which can be the main cause of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma related to the complications of acute and chronic hepatitis B.
Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery in Melanoma
Authors: Gowtham Pemula
Published: April 2022

Cancer remains a major killer of mankind. Failure of conventional chemotherapy has resulted in recurrence and development of virulent multi drug resitant (MDR) phenotypes adding to the complexity and diversity of this deadly disease. Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous type of skin cancer, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear Drug delivery systems (DDS) such as lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles can be designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs administered parenterally with the emergence of nanotechnology, the use of nano-carriers is widely expected to alter the landscape of melanoma treatment multifunctional nanoparticles that can integrate various key components such as drugs, genes, imaging agents and targeting ligands using unique delivery platforms would be more efficient in treating cancers. This review presents some of the important principles involved in development and novel methods of treating cancers using multifunctional-targeted nanopicles. Illustrative examples of nanoparticles engineered for drug/gene combination delivery and stimuli respnsive nanoparticle systems for cancer therapy are also discussed.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of PTEN Expression in Functional and Pathological Endometrial Biopsies
Authors: Allithy Amal Nooredeen , Ammar Islam Mohamed Magdi , Mohammed Maisa Hashem
Published: April 2022

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. About 80% of endometrial carcinomas are preceded by atypical endometrial hyperplasia. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene involved in many vital intracellular biological processes. PTEN is altered in more than 45% of endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. Methods: Ninety-two endometrial samples were enrolled in this study. They were classified into normal (n=6), hyperplastic (n=54) and neoplastic (n=32) endometrial tissues. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were prepared from each specimen. Tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained by anti-PTEN antibodies. Results: In our study; PTEN was strongly expressed in all normal and hyperplastic endometrial tissues without atypia. Staining intensity was decreased in atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma (p<0.0001). we also detected an inverse relationship between PTEN expression on one side and tumor grade (p=0.006), stage (p< 0.0001) and myometrial invasion (p=0.001) on the other side. Conclusions: Our study proved that immunohistochemical expression of PTEN is down-regulated in atypical hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. Evaluation of PTEN expression can be useful as a screening method to detect the potentially precancerous hyperplastic lesions.
Significance of CD133 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Ahmed Nagwa Abd El-Sadek , Mohammed Maisa Hashem
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. CD133 is a trans-membrane glycoprotein which is considered as a putative CSCs marker. Emerging evidence suggests that CD133 may be a critical factor in tumor development, progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD133 in mammary infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), and to correlate its expression with some known clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Fifty patients with mammary IDC who underwent modified radical mastectomy were included in this study. From each specimen, two tissue sections were obtained; one was stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain to determine the histologic subtype, grade and indicators of local aggressiveness. The second tissue section was immunohistochemically stained by anti-human CD133 antibody. Results: The study revealed statistically significant associations between CD133 expression and poorly differentiated, advanced stage tumors with poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), triple negative phenotype, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Conclusion: The current study revealed that CD133 is strongly associated with poor prognostic indices; it is positively correlated to poorly-differentiated tumors with high histologic grade and advanced stage
Gene Regulation by p53 in Human Cancer System
Authors: Ghosh Supratit , Bhattacharjee Meghna , Jana Nandan Kumar
Published: April 2022

TP53 proto-oncogene constitutes tumor induction in more than 50% of human cancers as it is mutated frequently in a wide range of cell lines. The transcription of TP53 is postulated to be autoregulated via either binding with TBP and CBF or via direct interaction of p53 protein with TP53 promoter, though further investigation is needed to acknowledge it. Alteration in pathways, regulated through wild type, by mutant p53 (Mutp53) give rise to immortality through interaction with other transcription factors or inducing receptor tyrosine kinases and other signal components. The missense mutation is more frequent constituting more than 60% among all mainly because of the high rate of G>A or C>T transitions in TP53, giving rise to mutation hotspots in R248, R273, etc. In addition to the loss of function, mutations in the TP53 gene also confers oncogenic functions that are not found in wild type p53, referred to as Gain of Function (GOF). GOF mutp53 has been found to promote metastasis, cell proliferation, cell stemness, metabolic reprogramming as well as chemoresistance. Mutp53 also inhibits the wild type effect that is referred to as the Dominant negative effect (DNE). Understanding the mechanisms behind GOF activities, how they promote chemoresistance, and targeting mutp53 will help in improving the treatment of many human cancers with TP53 mutations.
The Change in Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio after Initiation of Nivolumab Monotherapy May be a Strong Marker of Response and Predictor of Prognosis in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Murata Saori , Nakamura Morio , Sugihara Kai , Sakai Tetsuya , Ishioka Kota , Takahashi Saeko , Sasada Shinji , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Fukunaga Koichi
Published: April 2022

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is recognized as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in various malignancies. We investigated the utility of the NLR in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the early phase of nivolumab monotherapy. Methods: Thirty-one patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with nivolumab monotherapy from January 2016 to August 2017. They underwent the first response evaluation 8.3±3.3 weeks (mean±SD) after 3.8±1.8 times of administration. The NLR values at baseline (NLR/base) and at the first response evaluation (NLR/1st) were analyzed to evaluate for the association between NLR and the following parameters: treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The median follow-up period was 467 days (range: 38-1903 days). NLR/1st in the disease control (DC) group (n=21, median: 4.36, range: 0.82-11.3) was significantly lower than that in the progression disease (PD) group (n=10, median: 11.91, range 2.04-31.00) (p<0.01). The median PFS and OS for all patients were 184 and 540 days, respectively. A higher NLR/1st resulted in a worse DC rate (OR 0.78, p<0.05), and was associated with shorter PFS (HR 1.11, p<0.005) and OS (HR 1.12, p<0.0005). A greater increase in NLR, from NLR/base to NLR/1st was associated with shorter PFS (HR 2.04, p<0.01) and OS (HR 1.66, p<0.05). Conclusions: In NSCLC patients receiving nivolumab monotherapy, elevated NLR at the first response evaluation and its inclined change from baseline could be significantly stronger markers of poor response and predictors of worse prognosis than NLR at baseline.
Adherence to Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Cancer Patients: A Tertiary Care Institute Experience at Punjab
Authors: Singh Karuna , Singh Eastpal , Rana Manjit Kaur , Sharma Pardeep , Sachdeva Sheetal
Published: April 2022

Aim: The present study was carried out to analyse the incidence of non-adherence to the radiotherapy treatment and study the factors associated with non- adherence.Patient and methods: The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary cancer care institute, Punjab. All the patients treated during one year with curative intent with conventional fractionation were included. Incidence of non-adherence was driven and the various parameters like age, gender, site of tumor, stage of disease, intent of treatment, distance from the treating institute, financial constraints were analysed. Results: A total of 660 patients were taken. 6 out of 660 did not come for treatment initiation, hence 654 patients were eligible to be studied. The cumulative incidence of non -adherence was 12.8% (84 out of 654). The majority of patients were of head and neck 31 (36.9%), Elderly >60 years 27 (32.1%), Stage IV 42 (50 %), patients residing in more than 50 km from the institute 47 (55.9%), concurrent chemotherapy 71 (84%), the a major proportion of patient had more than 1 week gap 54 (64%) with 25 (29%) having more than 2 weeks gap. The factors found to be associated with non- adherence was elderly age (p value 0.06), advanced stage (p value 0.003), use of concurrent chemotherapy (p value 0.001), distance from the institute (p value 0.03), treatment with radical intent (p value < 0.001), patients utilizing various government schemes (p value 0.004). No significant association was found between the gender and site of the tumor (p value 0.17 and 0.14 respectively) with the non -adherence. Conclusions: The factors associated were stage of disease, elderly, concurrent chemotherapy, more distance travelled to reach the institute. Non adherence needs to be addressed by proper counselling of patients at the first visit to hospital itself. After the 3 week of radiotherapy treatment patient needs to be seen and followed more frequently when chances skipping treatment are high.
Optimum Radiation Fractionation Schedule in Advanced Cancer Cervix; A Study from Low Resource North Indian Cancer Center
Authors: Singh Taruna , Verma Yogesh , Hadi Rahat , Khatoon Fareha , Ahmed Mashkoor
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly occurring lethal cancer among women worldwide. The primary curative treatment option for women suffering from locally advanced cervical cancer includes external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concurrent weekly platinum-based radiosensitizing chemotherapy and brachytherapy (BT) to obtain finest treatment outcomes. Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess tumor response following HDRBT preceded by EBRT and to identify optimum radiation fractionation schedule for better response with tolerable radiation toxicity. Material and methods: 91 patients diagnosed with carcinoma of uterine cervix were screened for inclusion in the study. Patients were categorized according to FIGO Staging system The patient was put in lithotomy position and given anesthesia and fletcher suit applicator was applied to the patient push the bladder and rectum and finally shifted to the HDR treatment unit. All the associations were tested by using chi square test. Results: In our study it was found that majority (44%) of the cases were aged 51-60 years. Vaginal bleeding and squamous cell carcinoma was found in most of the cases. The acute radiation toxicities were more in elderly age group and the association was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) except Genitourinary – cystitis. Age group 51-60 years was significantly associated with response (p=0.034) with lower risk of partial response (OR=0.31 (0.10-0.95), while the symptom Backache/Pain in abdomen had significantly higher risk of partial response (p=0.002, OR=16.24 (1.7-154.8). Conclusion: When compared to traditional techniques, HDR can achieve very high rates of local control while lowering morbidity.
CT and MRI Based Gross Tumor Volume Comparison in Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: N.V Vinin. , Jones Joneetha , .K.Anil Aswanth , P.Suresh Akhil. , T.V Satheesh Babu. , Muttath Geetha , E.S Arun Kumar.
Published: April 2022

Background: Different other imaging modalities help in accurate gross tumor volume delineation. Studies have shown conflicting results for intermodality GTV comparison. Since in our institute we routinely take planning CT and planning MRI for laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors treated with definitive radiotherapy, with this study we intent to compare the gross tumor volume (GTV) with these modalities in these tumors. Materials & Methods: Study population included pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma patients treated. Planning CT and planning MRI images of these patients were retrieved. Gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated by a Radiation Oncologist in both these image sets and GTVs were documented. Results: Out of 87 patients analysed, the overall median GTV with planning CT and planning MRI were 20.4 cc & 18.2 cc respectively. Median GTV with planning CT & MRI for different sites like Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Larynx and Hypopharynx were 32.85 & 27.75 cc, 22.1 & 20.9 cc, 8.25 & 10.35cc and 20.55 & 20.6 cc respectively with no statistically significant difference. Median GTVs with CT & MRI for different primary tumor stages like T2, T3, T4a, T4b were 14.3 & 14.3 cc, 20.45 & 19 cc, 16.55 & 27.45 cc and 50.75 & 52.4 cc respectively. Analysis showed 94.6 % correlation between GTVs with CT & MRI. Conclusion: This study showed comparable median GTVs with planning CT & MRI for pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas. Subset analysis did not show any significant difference in GTVs with two modalities for different primary tumor site. As expected there was good correlation between GTVs of two modalities. Even though the results does not show significant intermodality variation for GTV delineation. With the results of this study we cannot question the use of multiple modalities for GTV delineation as subtle variation in GTV can result in differences in target volumes resulting in differences in toxicity profile.
A Study of Multivariate Modalities of Therapy in Gall Bladder Malignancies with Different Clinical, Radiological and Histo-Pathological Profiles at a Low Resource Indian Cancer Centre
Authors: Singh Taruna , Verma Yogesh , Tiwari Meena , Hadi Rahat , Singh Mukti Nath
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The effectiveness of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of GBC has not yet been established. The effectiveness of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of GBC has not yet been established. Following surgical resection, postoperative external beam RT can diminish local relapse; though effect on global survival has not been confirmed due to lack of good quality clinical trials. Thus the aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the multivariate modality of therapy in Gallbladder malignancies. Materials and method: The present prospective comparative study of multivariate modality of therapy in Gallbladder malignancies was carried out in a low resource North Indian cancer center from. Only those patients were selected who were histologically confirmed of adenocarconima of gall bladder, squamous cell carcinoma and oat cell carcinoma. Staging was done according to TNM classification no concurrent medical illness, Karnofsky performances status of patient >70. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Majority (29.3%) of the cases were aged 61-70 years just followed by the age group 41-50 years, females were in majority (73.2%). Higher stage had significantly higher risk of partial or no response (p<0.001). An increasing trend of toxicities was observed with increasing dose. Significant association was found between toxicities and treatment response at dose 2000 cGy (p<0.001) and 4500 cGy (p<0.001). The Cox regression analysis showed higher hazard ratio for stage IV (HR=2.33 95% CI : 0.31-17.66) followed by stage II/III (HR=1.67 95% CI : 0.17-16.02). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should discuss the indeterminate benefit and possible risks of adjuvant therapy when counseling their patients and reassure enrollment in clinical trials of novel regimens. The curative potential of current adjuvant therapy in gallbladder cancer is questionable, justifying placebo-controlled investigation of novel chemotherapy combinations or alternative approaches. To confirm the efficacy of adjuvant therapy, a major randomized controlled trial is required with large sample size. The improvement in radiation delivery with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image guided radiotherapy has further paved the way for exploration of adjuvant radiation for GBC.
Role of DOSE Escalation in whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastasis in Patients with a Favorable Survival Prognosis
Authors: Dhaka Saroj , Rajani Anil , Sihag Rakesh , Kumar Rajesh , Jakhar Shankar Lal
Published: April 2022

Background: Brain metastases is a major health care problem and is the most common intracranial cancer in adults. These patients may benefit from intensive treatments including neurosurgery and radiosurgery but many patients cannot receive such treatment, and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone is the only option. The most common WBRT schedule is 30 Grays (Gy) in 10 fractions (fr). However there is need to develop fractionation schedules, but total dose still remain dilemma.The Purpose of this study to assess the potential benefit of dose escalation beyond 30 Gy. Patients and methods: Total 120 patients with multiple brain metastases, previously untreated with WBRT were randomly assigned into two arms. All patients have favorable survival prognosis. Seventy patients received a total 30Gy in 10fr, 3Gy/fr administered daily 5days/week in arm A and 50 patients received 39Gy in 13fr, with same schedule in arm B. Both arms were compared for local control (LC) and overall survival (OS). Results: The LC rate at 18 months was 11% after 30 Gy and 24% after 39 Gy (p value=0.068). The survival rate at18 months was 21% after 30 Gy and 38% after 39Gy (OS 21% vs. 38%, hazard ratio 0.593; 95% CI: .395-.891; p value=0.047). On subgroup analysis of primary tumor, the 18 months LC rate was 16% vs 53% in Breast (p value=0.020) and10% vs 11% in Lung cancer (p value=0.809) in arm A and B respectively; the 18 months OS rate was 14% vs26% in Lung (P value=0.160) and 37% vs 73% in Brest cancer (p value=0.034) in arm A and B respectively. Conclusion: Escalation of the WBRT dose beyond 30 Gy resulted in better outcomes, particularly for patients with primary breast cancer.
Procureur financier : un métier en constante évolution
Authors: Larribau Denis , Banderet-Rouet Isabelle , Echène Denys
Published: April 2022

Les procureurs financiers des chambres régionales et territoriales des comptes exercent de très nombreuses missions, au travers desquelles ils veillent au respect de la loi. Ils ont su s’imposer comme des acteurs clés du fonctionnement de leur juridiction. Ils forment avec les magistrats du parquet général de la Cour des comptes un réseau soudé et efficace qui contribue fortement à la qualité et la sécurité juridique des procédures et des travaux d’instruction et d’élaboration des rapports, des avis et des jugements rendus par leur juridiction. Ils assurent également les relations avec les autorités judiciaires et administratives dotées ou non d’un pouvoir de sanction.
L’avenir de la fiscalité locale à l’épreuve de la baisse des « impôts de production »
Authors: Wittmann Miléna
Published: April 2022

La réforme des impôts de production, mesure « phare » du plan de relance consécutif à la crise sanitaire, risque d’affecter les ressources et l’autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales et d’accélérer le déclin de la fiscalité locale, en compromettant ses perspectives de modernisation.