bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La trouvaille de Krempelstein (Nouvelle étude critique)
Authors: Gautier Georges
Published: October 2008

Summary. — After its concise publication by K. Pink in 1929, the Krempelstein hoard is here reconsidered in depth and with a critical eye. The examination of the coins it contains reveals its very unusual nature compared to other hoards solely or partly composed of argentei. The period covered by the hoard is relatively long from 294 to 303 AD when the latest coins in the hoard were struck. This small hoard of gold and silver coins suggests that the coins had been deliberately selected by mint. Twelve different mints are thus represented. The presence in the hoard of several imitations of argentei gives an opportunity to raise briefly the question of their production and of their circulation alongside official coins after AD 294. Finally, a few suggestions on the date of the issues to which the coins in the hoard belong are put forward.
Les ceitis portugais (XVe - XVIe siècles) : composition des alliages utilisés et problèmes numismatiques
Authors: Magro F.A. , Guerra M.F. , Barrandon Jean-Noël
Published: October 2008

Summary. — For 120 years (15th to 16th century) the ceitil was struck with the same basic typology. Controversial for the lack of reference documents, this coinage reveals difficulties as the attribution of the monetary letters to the mints or the evolution of its legal value and weigh. The metrological data obtained over more than 10 000 coins, the study of its slight typological evolution and the few known documents, allowed to propose a relative chronology for this coinage. To confirm this relative chronology about 300 coins covering almost all the typological groups were non destructively analysed using a global method based on fast neutrons cyclotron activation. The evaluated chemical compositions showed that coins struck with monetary letter « С » were similar to those with a « L » (Lisbon mint) as well as the existence of several copper supply sources and the absence of the previous copper coinage recasting for striking the ceitil
L'atelier monétaire d'Amiens 1578 à 1772
Authors: Sombart Stéphan
Published: October 2008

Abstract — In 1578, Henri Ш opened a new mint in Amiens with a view to improving the coinage in circulation in the frontier province of Picardy. Under Louis XIV, the French frontier shifted further north and the mint gradually declined until its output ceased de facto around 1755. Coin production stopped for good in 1772 and only the mint's legal function was maintained up until the Revolution. A detailed study of the various surviving archives makes it possible to gain a better understanding of the life and issues of the mint between 1578 and 1772.
La représentation de l'Italie dans le monnayage romain de l'époque impériale
Authors: Méthy Nicole
Published: October 2008

Summary. - Although it only appears on Roman Imperial coins between 97 and 205 A.D., the numismatic figure of Italy proves to be a complex and original one. It does not represent, as other geographical types, a specific territory, but has an ideological significance. During the first decades of the second century A.D., it progressively looses its connection with geographical and political reality. It both directly reflects the ideal of a prosperous and all sovereign country and indirectly reveals that emperors became aware of the decline of Italy, which under Hadrian actually comes to be assimilated to any province of the Roman empire and under the Severans is finally incarnated by the emperor himself.
La petite Augusta et le Turc. Epiphania-Eudocie sur les monnaies d'Héraclius
Authors: Zuckerman Constantin
Published: October 2008

Summary. - Recent studies shed new light on the confused chronology of Heraclius' reign. Thus the emperor's second marriage with Martina, traditionally dated in 613/614 after Theophanes, is now situated towards 623 following an indication in the Breviarium of the Patriarch Nicephorus. It is here suggested, therefore, to identify the empress who appears, together with Heraclius and his son Heraclius-Constantine, on numerous monetary emissions of the reign, and in particular on the folks of Constantinople dated between 615/616 and 628/629, no longer as Martina, but as Eudocia, Heraclius' first-born daughter from the first marriage, who received the imperial crown in 612 and was dispached to her fiancé, the lord of the western Turks T'ong Yabghu Kaghan, in 629, her departure to the East being the explanation of her brusque disappearance from the coins.
L'intenzionalita' dell'errore nei falsi monetarii repubblicani
Authors: Pedroni Luigi
Published: October 2008

Résumé. - On a déjà démontré que les anciennes monnaies fourrées sont des faux d'époque. Une série très riche en faux est celle des deniers républicains romains où l'on peut trouver fréquemment des fautes qui concernent les types, les légendes, les symboles ou les lettres du système de contrôle et dont la présence systématique peut être le témoignage de leur intentionalité. L'introduction d'une faute, qui souvent ne pouvait être reconnue que par un technicien, nous fait croire que plusieurs deniers fourrés étaient réalisés à l'intérieur de l'atelier monétaire de Rome. Quelques ouvriers ajoutaient probablement quelque faute dans les coins pour éviter d'être impliqués dans un procès « de falsis » . On confirme aussi l'existence dans l'atelier monétaire, des archives où l'on pouvait puiser des données pour juger les crimes sur les monnaies fourrées.
L'empereur Silbannacus, un second antoninien
Authors: Estiot Sylviane
Published: October 2008

Abstract. - A second antoninianus in the name of Silbannacus confirms and authentifies the so far unique coin kept in the British Museum, which bears the effigy of this otherwise unknown third-century emperor. Indeed, no epigraphic or historic ancient source makes any reference to a Silbannacus. The new antoninianus has been struck from the same obverse die as the first, but the reverse displays a new type, which bears a close relation to another brief reign, that of Aemilian. It is now possible to date Silbannacus' usurpation : the autumn of 253 AD, and to identify the mint which issued his coinage : not a temporary mint on the Rhine frontier, but the mint of Rome itself.
Trouvailles isolées de monnaies carolingiennes en Poitou : inventaire provisoire
Authors: Jeanne-Rose Olivier
Published: October 2008

Summary. - Whereas Carolingians hoards brought to light in Poitou are fairly well- known, single-finds have never given rise to a specific study. A canvassing business based on collecting information from archaeological excavations and fortuitous discoveries made by private individuals together with bibliographical and archivistic perusals has enabled a survey consisting in at least 133 mentions of single-finds to be set up. The use of this corpus allowed the author to come to the conclusion that a real widespread money-making economy was established in Carolingian times in Poitou which would otherwise tend to corroborate the written documentation.
Régie générale des monnaies de France de 1666 à 1672
Authors: Arbez Fernand
Published: October 2008

Summary. - General Administration of Mints is a new way of Mints Management decided by Louis XIV during a Council hold on January 28, 1666. The King appointed a Manager who had to work to his own risks and expenses in nine Mints from February 1, 1666. This way administration ceased on September 30, 1672. Records of King Council show the accounts of this management. (Council of Finances, Série E of Public Records Office). The detailed references of this unpublished documents are given and data relating to the output figures have been draw out.
Colbert et la « République des médailles »
Authors: Sarmant Thierry
Published: October 2008

Résumé. - La numismatique prit son essor en France dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle, à la fois comme science - on parlait alors de « science des médailles » - et comme curiosité. Colbert et son entourage ont joué dans cet épanouissement un rôle important et peu connu, que met en valeur un mémoire adressé au ministre, publié en annexe.
Procurator monetae
Authors: Demougin Ségolène
Published: October 2008

Résumé. - Nouveautés bibliographiques sur les procuratores monetae et présentation de fastes corrigés.
Epiphania et Martine sur les monnaies d'Héraclius
Authors: Speck Paul
Published: October 2008

Résumé. - L'article de Zuckerman (RN 1995) nous amène à réexaminer le témoignage numismatique. La révision que j'avais proposée de la chronologie du règne d'Héra- clius permet de réconcilier les informations divergentes des sources et d'interpréter les types monétaires représentant une augusta. La fille d'Héraclius, Epiphania, couronnée en 612, figure sur les monnaies en 615, année de sa première apparition en public. En 622 après le mariage et le couronnement de Martine, c'est celle-ci qui est représentée, mais avec la même taille qu'Épiphania, peut-être en raison des préparatifs de la guerre. La taille change en 624 après la décision de mener la guerre sans relâche et sans revenir en hiver à Constantinople. La disparition de l'impératrice du monnayage après 628 est certainement une expression de victoire mais aussi le reflet des difficultés créées par l'existence de deux augustae dans la capitale. Le départ d'Épiphania auprès du Turc en 629 n'a rien à y voir car ce mariage n'est pas historique mais une fiction romanesque. Les conséquences tirées de cet épisode par Zuckerman sont donc sans fondement.
À propos de l'augusta des folles d'Héraclius
Authors: Pottier Henri
Published: October 2008

Summary. - A study of the iconography underlines the symbolic nature of the respective sizes of the imperial figures. The exceptional issue of year 10 with the augusta right may be linked to the marriage of Heraclius and Martina which could date in 620. The increase of the augusta figure from 624/5 confirms the position of basilissa secured Martina.
Le nombre de chalques dans l'obole dans le monde grec
Authors: Psōmá Selī́nī
Published: October 2008

Summary. - Inscriptional and papyrological evidence has shown that the number of chalkoi to the obol differs from one city to another and we can clearly distinguish two different categories of them : cities where the obol is divided in twelve chalkoi (aeginetan system) and cities where the obol is divided in eight obols (attic system). Literary sources and inscriptions as well as the coins themselves reveal that the multiples of chalkoi-frac- tions of the obol that were struck in both systems were fourths and halves of the obol, the number of chalkoi of each differing from one system to another. As long as the « attic » system of the eight chalkoi to the obol is concerned, bronze coins were introduced by the city of Athens only during the 360, fifty years after Corinth and other Greek cities. We can therefore suppose that the « attic » system was created on the model of the « aegine- tic » one. Archelaos of Macedonia, his successors to Alexander the Great and North Greek cities adopted the « aeginetan » system.
La valeur des monnaies de bronze du Péloponnèse à l'époque classique et hellénistique
Authors: Grandjean Catherine
Published: October 2008

Résumé. — La confrontation d'inscriptions financières d'Épidaure et de Messène avec les monnayages de ces États donne à penser que les systèmes monétaires de bronze de ces deux ateliers comprenaient des hémioboles, des trichalques et des chalques. À Messène, il y avait aussi, semble-t-il, une division du chalque à la fin de l'époque hellénistique.
Les miroirs de Néron
Authors: Besombes Paul-André
Published: October 2008

Summary. - The monetary mirrors of Nero were first studied by W. Froehner in 1889. Since then, many other examples of this type have been discovered. Here, we are dealing with circular mirrors, bearing in their center and on both their valves, either a veritable « dupondius » or « sestertius » of Nero or a moulded reproduction or cast from one of the emperor's coins. That this tendancy should appear under Nero's reign and that no other specimens of this type were reproduced under his successors has not yet been elucidated. In this context, we are attempting to throw light on this subject wich, on our opinion, can be related to religious politics under the last of the Julio-Claudians.
Trésor de monnaies carolingiennes du VIIIe siècle trouvé à Larino (Italie, Molise)
Authors: De Benedittis Gianfranco , Lafaurie Jean
Published: October 2008

Summary. - Found during the 1992 excavations of the amphitheater of Larino, this hoard contains 20 denars, the value of one Roman ounce. One is a denar of Charlemagne, from Limoges. The other 19 are issues of Louis, King of Aquitaine, from Clermont and the city and cathedral of Bourges. Only 7 coins of Louis were hitherto known. The hoard confirms one of them as authentic. The burial is related to an expedition of Louis against Benevento in 793.
Qualche nota in margine ai testoni di Pier Luca Fieschi per Messerano
Authors: Bellesia Lorenzo
Published: October 2008

Summary. - For the first time has been illustrated a coin of Messerano till now given to Pier Luca II Fieschi (1528-1548). But this coin copies a quarto struck by Ercole I in Ferrara between 1502 and 1504 and in the common testoni with Saint Teonestus in the reverse we find a very different portrait. So, it is possible that this coin was struck by Pier Luca I who died at the beginning of the XVI century.
Les Bottiéens de Thrace aux Ve et IVe siècles avant J.-C.
Authors: Psōmá Selī́nī
Published: October 2008

Résumé. — La scission de l'État fédéral bottiéen qui eut lieu en 422 av. J.-C. peut aussi être constatée pour les premières décennies du IVe siècle tandis que le monnayage d'argent et de bronze aux types de Déméter et taureau doit être attribué à l'État fédéral auquel participaient les cités situées en Bottikè du Nord. Les cités bottiéennes situées en Bottikè du Sud et en Crouside, comme Spartôlos et Sinos, furent des alliées des Chalcidiens au Ve et participèrent à l'État fédéral de ces derniers pendant la première moitié du IVe siècle tout en frappant leur monnayage fédéral en bronze aux types chalcidiens.
Un octodrachme d'or d'Acanthe ?
Authors: Rhomiopoulou Katerina
Published: October 2008

Résumé. - Publication d'une pièce d'or d'Acanthe trouvée dans la nécropole d'Acanthe, correspondant à un octodrachme de poids attique et frappée avec des coins utilisés pour des tétradrachmes d'argent du IVe s. av. J.-C.
The late classical/early hellenistic drachms of Knidos
Authors: Ashton Richard H.J.
Published: October 2008

Summary. -A recent hoard of mid- late fourth century drachms of Knidos prompts production of a die-study and of relative and absolute chronologies. Contemporary and near- contemporary tetradrachms, didrachms, hemidrachms and bronze issues are also discussed, and die-studies provided of the tetradrachms and didrachms.
The Augustan coins from Bourbonne-les-Bains (Haute-Marne). A mathematical approach to dating a coin assemblage
Authors: Sauer Eberhard Wolfram
Published: October 2008

Summary. - One of the largest Augustan coin deposits, ever discovered, was found in 1 874/75 in the thermal waters of the Puisard Romain at Bourbonne-les-Bains. It is argued that this assemblage of votive offerings, which has largely escaped the notice of the wider academic community, constitutes evidence for an army spa, possibly the earliest spa outside the Mediterranean provinces, and for a military base nearby. As it had been widely accepted that no troops were left in the hinterland during the Germanic Wars of Augustus, this is of major interest for the political history of Gaul and Germany. The emphasis in this paper, is, however, not on the historical aspects of this discovery, ' but on the precise dating of the phase of deposition, which is the precondition for any historical interpretation. Mathematical calculations as well as more conventional methods are employed to date the deposit. It is suggested that deposition started around 9 ВС and that it came to an end around AD 1 .
Some rare and unpublished roman coins of the London Mint in the Paris collection
Authors: Stewartby Lord
Published: October 2008

Summary. - The Cabinet des Médailles contains an important collection of Roman coins of the London mint from the Tetrarchic and early Constantinian periods. Twenty- nine of them are here described and illustrated, including many rare and unpublished varieties. № 5 is the only known London coin of Diocletian with a full consular portrait. Other Tetrarchic coins have unusual obverse inscriptions, some of which reveal apparent errors in Roman Imperial Coinage. Among the Constantinian coins are several with rare combinations of bust and inscription. With regard to n° 19, on which Sol is shown in a quadriga on the reverse, the suggestion is made that this type relates to Constantine's fourth consulship in 315.
Les 120 talents de la prise d'Hykkara : un aspect de la politique d'Athènes au début de l'expédition de Sicile
Authors: Rebuffat François
Published: October 2008

Summary. - Hykkara, a small town, was besieged and taken by the Athenians at the beginning of the Sicilian expedition. Athens was then beset by serious financial difficulties, and the prisoners were sold as slaves. The amount realised was 120 talents, a sum which would have sufficed for the financement of the first six months of the expedition. Each slave sold on the market at Catania would have fetched a price of about a hundred drachms, though it would appear unlikely that all of the nearly 7.000 prisoners were sold. We are compelled to conclude that Thucydides has falsified his history in order to preserve the image he wishes to give of Athens. In fact, the Athenians were capable of the basest misdeeds.
Cypriots in Cilicia. A rare coin of Anemourion
Authors: Russell James R. , Weir Mary Grace
Published: October 2008

Summary. - The subject is a unique silver coin in the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, datable from its style to the first quarter of the IVth с B.C. The reverse legend ANEMQPIEQN, which identifies it as belonging to the western Cilician coastal city of that name, provides the earliest record of that city's existence. Several factors indicate a close association with Cyprus ; first, the stylistic resemblances of both the Apollo head of the obverse and the striding Herakles of the reverse to the coinage of certain Cypriot cities of similar date, e.g. Marion, Lapethos, and especially Kition ; second, the obverse legend Ф1ЛОЮГПРО, probably identifying a local ruler with Cypriot connections ; third, the close proximity of Cyprus to Anemourion on the Cilician mainland. A precise historical context for the coin is impossible to establish, but it is tempting to associate it in some way with the expansionist policies of Evagoras I of Salamis in Cilicia around 390 B.C.
Pia Felix
Authors: Callu Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2008

Summary. - Seven princesses, three in the third century (Julia Domna, Salonina, Severina) and four in the fifth (Galla Placidia, Licinia Eudoxia, Justa Grata Honoria, Euphemia), sometimes inserted the letters PF, for Pia Felix, in their numismatic titles. The circumstances and reasons for this unusual coinage are discussed.
Monnaies médiévales de Soissons (supplément)
Authors: Hourlier Michel , Dhénin Michel
Published: October 2008

Summary, —Since the publication in the Revue numismatique in 1998 of the study on the 'Mediaeval Coinage of Soissons', a number of coins have been brought to our attention. Somes pieces which were known already in the 19th century but have since been lost are described here in detail. From others, completly unknown, new insights can be gained into the coinage of Soissons of Robert II.
Askumite Numismatics - A critical survey of recent Research
Authors: Hahn Wolfgang
Published: October 2008

Zusammenfassung. - Seit dem Erscheinen der Forschungsberichte von Eric Godet in den Jahren 1986 und 1991 hat die axumitische Numismatik beachtliche Fortschritte zu verzeichnen. Wie auch schon fruher stammen die meisten Beitrage aus der Feder von Stuart Munro-Hay, nebst einigen Arbeiten vom Schreiber dieser Zeilen. Die erweiterte Materialbasis fuhrte zu einer solideren Evidenz bei der statistischen Auswertung (Sttick- und Stempelzahlen), in der Metrologie (bei der Rekonstruktion des MunzfuBes nach Gewicht und Feingehalt) und in der Registratur der Fundverbreitung. Dagegen steht die Analyse der Komposition des (heidenzeitlichen wie der christlichen) Munzbildes erst in den Anfangen; hier sind weitere Aufschlusse zur Religionsgeschichte Abessiniens zu er- warten. Uberraschenderweise gibt es noch ungelôste Problème bei der Identifizierung moderner Sammlerfalschungen; zur Verunsicherung tragt die Umstand bei, dafi das Gufiverfahren auch in der Antike im benachbarten Arabien praktiziert wurde. Eine inter- disziplinare Zusammenarbeit mit Linguisten und Epigraphikern envies sich als hilfreich, z.B. bei der Interpretation der Kônigsnamen und der in den Legenden enthaltenen Sinnspruche. Schliefôlich werden die Tendenzen der gegenwàrtigen Forschung und ihre Môglichkeiten fur die Zukunft andiskutiert.
Monnayage et société dans les mondes antiques
Authors: Bresson Alain
Published: October 2008

Résumé. - Dans les cités de Grèce ancienne, l'introduction du monnayage d'électrum, puis d'argent, ne fut pas une innovation purement technique. Il s'agissait au contraire d'un acte qui engageait la collectivité tout entière. La monnaie d'argent grecque constituait en effet un véritable équivalent général susceptible de permettre tous les règlements, ceux de l'État comme ceux des particuliers, de solder tous les échanges, intérieurs comme extérieurs. Par contraste, le système tributaire achéménide laissait fort peu de place pour le développement du monnayage. C'est encore pour d'autres raisons, en particulier sans doute pour maintenir la séparation entre commerce intérieur et commerce extérieur, que les cités de Rome et de Carthage tardèrent longtemps à introduire un monnayage d'or ou d'argent. La spécificité grecque n'en apparaît que plus nettement.
Two Indo-Scythian mints of the western Punjab
Authors: Lerner Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2008

Zusammenfassung. — Der Autor unternimmt es, die von den indisch-skythischen Kônigen Azes L, Azilisès und Azes IL im Gebiet des westlichen Punjab herausgegebenen Munzen neu zu klassifizieren. Dièse Einteilung zielt auf den Nachweis einer anderen Herrschaftsfolge dieser Kônige und versucht es, ihre Munzstátten in Pushkalâvatî und Peshawar zu lokalisieren. Die Analyse stellt auBerdem eine Verbindung zu den Munzen her, die unter Hippostratos, dem letzten indisch-griechischen Kônig, geprâgt wurden, den Azes I. im Jahre 55 v. Chr. besiegt hat, und zu den Munzen, die unter dem indisch-partischen Kônig Gondopharès hergestellt wurden, der Azes IL im Jahre 20 n. Chr. entmachtete.
Two hoards of Bosporan coins
Authors: Abramzon Mihail Grigorʹevič , Frolova Nina A. , Gorlov Yu. V.
Published: October 2008

Summary. — Two hoards, respectively discovered in 1963 and 1978 in the Anapa district, associating civic and royal Bosporan coins, are published. The first one, consisting in 150 bronzes from which 93 were saved, was buried under Claudius I, the second, consisting in 34 bronzes, was buried under Hadrian.
A new dirhem of Ghuz Ordukend : another name for Balasaghun
Authors: Fedorov Michael
Published: October 2008

Résumé. — Le trésor de dirhems qarakhanides de Qysmychi 1992, enfoui après 1021, contenait 4 pièces de l'atelier de Ghuz Ordukend, variante inconnue pour l'atelier de Quz Ordu (autrefois lu à tort Qara Ordu). Il est proposé d'y reconnaître un autre nom de Bala- saghun mentionné par Mahmud Kashghari (ca 1072-1078). Description de cette ville localisée à Burana (nom dérivé de Monara, le minaret qui subsistait de cette ville de nom inconnu dès 1541-1546 selon le témoignage de Mirza Muhammad Haidar).
Byzantine lead seals from the stronghold near Dobri Dol, Plovdiv region
Authors: Jordanov Ivan
Published: October 2008

Summary. — Twenty-five seals discovered in the old Byzantine fortress of Dobřil Dol, to the east of Plovdiv, provide an insight into the 11th/ 12th-century Byzantine-Bulgarian society. Particular attention is given to a Greek seal of John, Basileus of the Bulgars.
Reges Criniti Visigothorum
Authors: López Sanchez Fernando
Published: October 2008

Resumen. — Las monarquias merovingias y la realeza visigoda conocieron caminos divergentes en sus intentas de afirmación soberana. La primera triunfó al establecerse sólidamente desde tiempos de Childerico y Clodoveo (486-51 1). La segunda no logró superar los obstáculos interpuestos a sus propósitos. No obstante, entre la ascension al trono de Leovigildo (568) y la muerte de Chindasvinto (653), la monarquía visigótica pudo desafiar las limitaciones queridas a su independencia. Fiel reflejo de su momentáneo triunfo řue una iconografía numismática original figurando bustos reaies de larga cabellera. Su supresión entre Recesvinto (653) y Achila II (715) siguió de cerca la ruina del proyecto monárquico visigodo.
Dinero inédito carolingio de Arles, atribuible a Luis el Ciego
Authors: Crusafont i Sabater Miquel
Published: October 2008

1 . Duurstede 2. Empúries 3. Belvezet 4. Apremont 5. Barcelona 6. Catalunya 7. Roses 8. Cerdanyola del Vallès 9. Catalunya, lugar indeterminado 10. Llivia, la Cerdanya 1 1 . Vinçà el Confient 12. Girona 13. Pantà de Sant Ponç, Solsonès 14. Château-Roussillon, Perpignan 15. Entre Tàrrega y Bellpuig 16. Entre Tàrrega y Bellpuig 17. Entre Tàrrega y Bellpuig 18. Cordoba Tresor 19. Andalucia, lugar indeterminado 20. Andalucia, lugar indeterminado 21. Sevilla, lugar indeterminado 22. Peninsula Iberica, lugar indeterminado 23. Irán 24. Santiago de Compostela 25. Ibaneta.
A Syrian Coinage of Mu'awiya ?
Authors: Foss C.
Published: October 2008

Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 12 Fig. 11 Fig. 13
La monnaie byzantine aux XIIe-XIIIe siècles et le témoignage des trouvailles de Grèce : à propos d'un ouvrage récent
Authors: Tourátsoglou Iōánnīs P.
Published: October 2008

Résumé. — La publication du volume 4 du catalogue de Dumbarton Oaks consacré aux années 1081-1261 a amené l'auteur de cet article à réexaminer plusieurs problèmes encore non résolus de l'histoire monétaire complexe de cette période. Le témoignage des trouvailles de Grèce, méconnu dans DOC 4, apporte en effet une perspective différente sur des sujets comme la circulation et la nature des tétartèra et la chronologie des divers groupes d'imitations du tournant du XIIe siècle.
Augusta Treverorum/Trier und die antiken Münzfunde : Aufgaben und Perspektiven. Ein Zwischenbericht
Authors: Radnóti-Alföldi Maria
Published: October 2008

Zusammenfassung. — Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Fundmunzen der Antike (FdA) der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur zu Mainz sind die Fundmunzen der Stadt Trier (Augusta Treverorum /Treviri) von besonderer Bedeutung, die der Bedeutung der Stadt selbst im Rômischen Reich entspricht. Die Bearbeitung ist im Gange; ein erster Band FMRD / Trier ist bereits 1970 erschienen. Die archaeologisch-historische Dokumentation ist meist gut bis sehr gut; man wird eine Reihe von historischen Fragen mit Hilfe der Munzfunde beantworten kônnen, die die Topographie und die Baugeschichte der Stadt ebenso betreffen wie die Phaeno- mene der spâtantiken Kaiserresidenz. Von grossem Interesse ist uberdies warm der geregelte Munzumlauf in Treveri angefangen und wann und wie er aufgehôrt hat, um nur die wichtigsten Probléme der aktuellen Forschung zu nennen.
Problemi ponderali di V secolo : verso la riforma del Nummus. Il deposito di Cafarnao
Authors: Arslan Ermanno A.
Published: October 2008

Summary. — The deposit in the synagogue of Capharnaum and other finds of nummi in the city with the same terminus during the second reign of Zeno (476-491) provide precious information concerning the money supply and metrology of Galilee. The three large series with cross inside a garland and under Marcian and Leo have an average weight ca 0,93, i.e. well above the amount of copper fixed for the nummus in the 490 's.
Aspects concrets de la vie monétaire en Province
Authors: Carrié Jean-Michel
Published: October 2008

Summary. — Here several scenes are presented from (monetary) provincial life in the IVth century, mainly drawn from the papyrological evidence. Various sectors of economic and financial life are dealt with in turn where the degree of monétisation has been re-estimated by recent research: the agrarian economy, with additional evidence for currency in the rural sphere; the remuneration of the army, with the donativa in precious metals accounting for the increased possession of solidi by military; the fiscal levy, with the progress of taxation in gold beginning in the 330's and increasing in the 360's; artisan and trade activities, which reveal no concern over the transfer of liquid assets despite the weight and volume of the usual currency; the wages of private workers, which were still paid in monetary form. Currency remained the instrument for fixing the value of exchange, and the place held by prices in society consciousness is sufficient proof of the importance of coinage in the Roman economy. Other matters dealt with include the use and significance of the official « counterfeit » coinage; the anachronistically conservative terminology of coins (argyria and solidi, follis and nummus) and accounting values (talents, myriads); and methods of transporting public and private funds. Generally, this largely monetised economy limited currency transfers as much as possible by resorting to bookkeeping entries, which should no longer be produced as evidence for a low-monetised economy. Continuous depreciation of the coinage in no way resulted in its depletion. On the contrary, it halved the minimum level of transactions that could be paid in cash. The use of coinage was indispensable to such a point that it could overcome any obstacle or disadvantage occasioned by inflation. Contemporary historians who deal with Late Antiquity should now turn over the «primitivist» page of the undervaluation of numismatic data and overestimation of the non-monetary forms of exchange.
The Gerzeul hoard of coins of Caesarea of Cappadocia (in the Museum of Abkhazia)
Authors: Abramzon Mihail Grigorʹevič
Published: October 2008

Summary. — The article discusses the Abkhazian Museum's part of the Gerzeul hoard of silver coins of Caesarea in Cappadocia discovered in 1926 in the the Suhumi district of Abkhazia. The Gerzeul Hoard, consisting of more than 467 silver coins, of which 91 were purchased by the Museum, was deposited under Marcus Aurelius, probably during the eastern campaigns of Lucius Verus, in the period between AD 163, when the Romans confirmed Sohaemus as king of Armenia, and AD 168, during the revolt of Tiridates, or sometime later.
Le monnayage d'Orthagoreia
Authors: Chryssanthaki Katerina
Published: October 2008

Summary. — Orthagoreia is to be sought on the Thracian coast of the North Aegean, to the East of the city of Maroneia. The author argues that this city grew up on the site of Mesembria, an ancient colony of Samothrace. Orthagoreia began striking coins in the middle of the 4th century ВС with issues of silver hemidrachms and bronze units. By the end of the 4th century ВС, silver didrachms were issued. The iconographie similarity between the coinage of Orthagoreia and a silver issue of Philip II reveals a close relationship between this Greek city and the Macedonian kingdom established on the Thracian coast by the middle of the 4th century ВС.
Minoa on Amorgos : some new imperial coins
Authors: Sugden Keith
Published: October 2008

Summary. — This paper presents an unrecorded coin of Julia Paula for Minoa on Amorgos, and notes that its dies are shared with the 2 other pieces known for her at this city. It further publishes 2 Minoan coins of Antoninus Pius that have only recently been correctly attributed, and which - as die duplicates - provide welcome confirmation of von Sallet's conjectural reading (ZfN, 1890) of the anomalous reverse legend of the hitherto unique piece in Berlin, thus securing the coin's seminal position in the brief numismatic history of Minoa. Epigraphic evidence is adduced to explain the circumstances of this unusual early issue for the city.
« Immo verius sub ducati Venetiarum communis proprio stigmate ». La question des émissions d'or de Francesco Ier Gattilusio, seigneur de Metelino (1355-1384)
Authors: Oberländer-Târnoveanu Ernest
Published: October 2008

Résumé. — L'auteur publie un ducat du trésor de Duda§u Schelei (Drobeta-Turnu Severin, dép. de Mehedinti, Roumanie), trouvé dans la région des Portes de Fer du Danube. La monnaie porte au revers la légende : FRANCISCVS: - ans - •meteLlnl» et a été attribuée à Francesco Ier Gattilusio, seigneur de Metelino (1355-1384). Quoique inspirées du dessin des ducats vénitiens, les monnaies en or du seigneur de Metelino présentent assez d'éléments distinctifs pour ne pas être confondues avec les émissions vénitiennes comme, par exemple, la légende grecque du droit, le nom et le titre de l'émetteur, ainsi que sa représentation en tenue militaire. Selon l'auteur, les ducats, les gigliati et les basilica de Francesco Ier avec légendes bilingues, qui mentionnaient le nom de l'empereur byzantin Jean V Paléologue ont été frappés en quantités très réduites, en 1355 ou immédiatement après, à des fins de propagande. La motivation du seigneur de Metelino n'était pas d'obtenir des gains illicites par la falsification de monnaies vénitiennes, comme l'ont prétendu les autorités de Venise, mais d'affirmer son rôle lors du rétablissement de Jean V sur le trône byzantin, tout comme sa promotion au rang de membre de la famille impériale.
Les contremarques au tigre sur les monnaies napoléoniennes
Authors: de Callataÿ François , Forestier Jean-Baptiste
Published: October 2008

Summary. — Several Napoleonic coins were overstruck with what present-day numismatists generally call an owl's head. This was thought to be a product of modern fantasy applied to the coins a century or so after the Napoleonic period. Forty-seven specimens have been collected. These show beyond any doubt that this was no late fantasy, but rather a mark of execratio made in 1815 which referred to Napoleon the Tiger (now confined in a cage). There is no connection here with the Chouans of Vendée as it is claimed in some recent catalogues.
De nuevo sobre la série de Q. Nasidius (RRC 483)
Authors: Amela Valverde Luis
Published: October 2008

Resumen. — Revision de las recientes opiniones de Estiot y Aymar y de Woytek, de consi- derar la emisión RRC 483, de Q. Nasidio, efectuada en Sicilia (42 a.C), en contra de los pare- ceres de Crawford y Sear, que situaban su acuflación en Massalia (44-43 a.C.)- Habria que man- tener la teoria de estos últimos investigadores, pero ajustando la cronologia a la segunda mitad del ano 43 a.C.
Emperors named Constantine
Authors: Foss Clive
Published: October 2008

Resume. — L'habitude byzantine de nommer Constantin les empereurs et les membres de leur famille a été une source permanente de confusion pour les numismates et les historiens. Bien que les érudits aient longtemps accepté l'idée qu'il y avait onze personnages ayant porté ce nom, un examen plus approfondi montre qu'il y eut en fait vingt-deux Constantins, en incluant enfants et parents qui n'exercèrent pas le pouvoir de manière indépendante. Les éliminer réduit la liste à quatorze personnages qui régnèrent effectivement, mais il paraît peu probable que la pratique actuelle puisse être modifiée sans augmenter le risque de confusion.
Tétartèra d'imitation du XIIIe siècle : à propos du trésor de Durrës (Albanie)
Authors: Papadopoulou Pagona
Published: October 2008

Përmbledhje. — Thesari i qjetur ne Durrës është konsideruar për një kohë të gjatë si i përbërë prej monedhash të Aleksit Ve Komnen. Një studim i ri e i hollësishëm i përbërjes, si dhe kraha- simi me material të ngjashëm nga Greqia dëshmon se thesari përbëhet nga imitime tetartera-sh të fillimit të shek. 13'e, me sa duket prerje të Venecianëve ne Korinth.
Autour d'une Histoire des marchands sogdiens
Authors: Thierry François
Published: October 2008

Summary. — In his Histoire des marchands sogdiens (the published version of his Ph.D. thesis) E. de la Vaissière presents a description of the international trade and financial structures of the Sogdian trading networks, from the beginning of the Christian Era to the downfall of their influence owing to the rise of Islamic powers and to the destruction of the Sogdian homeland and cultural center (mainly Samarcand and Bukhara). The Golden Age of the Sogdian international trade (5th-8th centuries) is very well analysed and developped: the author particularly points out the role of economical and cultural bridge between the Iranian and Chinese worlds as played by the Sogdian communities during this period, with a special focus on the Turco-Sogdian ties. After the destruction of the Sasanian Empire by the Arabs and the invasion of the Sogdian lands, the Sogdian trading networks began to decline and turned to the West, to the Caucasus, the Southern Russian Steppe and Western Siberia.
Relations historiques entre l'intensité des commerces extérieurs et la croissance des produits nationaux
Authors: Jeanneney Jean-Marcel
Published: October 2008

Une étude historique des variations de l'intensité des commerces extérieurs et de celles des taux de croissance des produits nationaux, menée sur un siècle et demi en France, au Royaume-Uni, aux États-Unis et sur les trente dernières années en d'autres pays européens, montre la complexité des relations entre les deux phénomènes. L'intensification du commerce extérieur tantôt stimule la croissance et tantôt la compromet. Son déclin coïncide souvent avec une stagnation ou une réduction des productions, qui peut être cause ou conséquence, selon les cas ; mais parfois aussi il accompagne un remarquable développement de l'économie nationale. Cela invite à remettre en cause les théories classiques des effets de la division internationale du travail.
Théories et pratiques du déficit public
Authors: Sterdyniak Henri
Published: October 2008

Depuis 1974, la quasi-totalité des pays occidentaux connaissent de forts déficits publics, ceux de la France étant des plus modérés. Ces déficits peuvent-ils être attribués à une évolution incontrôlée des dépenses publiques, sont-ils la conséquence automatique du ralentissement de l'activité économique, ou proviennent-ils d'une volonté de régulation macroéconomique ? La première partie de l'article montre qu'un certain déficit public est souhaitable en situation de croissance ralentie, de chômage, de contrainte extérieure. Il s'agit d'un côté de soutenir la demande car la demande émanant des entreprises se réduit fortement ; de l'autre, de gérer l'offre : le déficit public (plutôt que la hausse des charges des entreprises) peut favoriser la compétitivité et l'investissement donc augmenter la production possible à déficit extérieur donné. La seconde partie présente le problème du financement du déficit. L'impact différencié du financement monétaire et obligataire dépend à la fois du type de régulation monétaire en œuvre et de l'impact de l'émission d'obligations sur la demande de monnaie. On montre que le souci des pouvoirs publics de respecter une contrainte de masse monétaire peut induire des politiques déstabilisatrices. Mais, les pouvoirs publics disposent de suffisamment d'instruments de politique économique pour déconnecter la politique monétaire de la politique budgétaire et de son type de financement. Le taux d'intérêt peut être géré en fonction du taux de change désiré, tandis que dans la mesure où les ménages souhaitent épargner et conserver leurs actifs financiers sous forme monétaire, pour limiter l'endettement bancaire des entreprises, il peut être utile que les administrations participent nettement à la création monétaire.
Premiers pas de reprises échelonnées
Authors: Sigogne Philippe , Fouet Monique
Published: October 2008

European economies have been diversely hit by the shocks of the past ten years owing to structural differences. Initial reactions resulted in a great variety of economic policies. More recently, external constraints have induced adjustment policies in all countries. The process is unevenly underway, so that economic growth can not yet resume everywhere. Signs of recovery will strengthen during the second half of 1983, but no real generalised recovery can be expected in Europe before mid-1984. In the early 1970's, France experienced particularly fast growth whose driving forces were household consumption and residential building. More recently, the latter has been severely hit by the economic crisis. As it declines, so does a powerful incentive to save. As savings are not completely reoriented towards financial assets, the fall of consumption is limited. Export competitiveness calls for a balanced judgment : it is neither good nor bad but, rather, slowly improving. Although market shares are slightly increasing, exports are weak because world demand is contracting at a pace often underestimated. The trade deficit will not vanish with a recovery abroad, but it could very well be halved in a year's time.
Politique de l'emploi et réduction de la durée du travail
Authors: Fitoussi Jean-Paul , Szpiro Daniel
Published: October 2008

That the reduction in the length of the working-week seems to be the preferred mean of combatting unemployment is symptomatic of an evolution which has lead European governments to an acceptance of a permanently lower level of economic activity, and to formulate policies most aptly described at an international level as « competition by deflation ». The logic of work sharing is the adaptation of the supply of labour to the existing amount of employement. It is therefore a redistribution of a given amount of unemployment. If it is to be a genuine social advance, the reduction in the working week should be accompanied by a change in the distribution of income between all social groups. But when seen as an employment policy, it clearly implies only a redistribution of the existing wage bill between the employed and unemployed. In this article, we investigate the conditions necessary for the success of such a policy and its probable effects on employment. The results of the simulations of econometric models which have been performed for a number of European countries — similar for the most part — are then analysed. But despite these efforts of quantification, a great uncertainty remains as to the effects of such a policy on both production processes and the behaviour of agents. Moreover a further theoretical and empirical analysis of these effects leads us to doubt that the reduction in the length of the working week provides any answer to the problem of unemployment.
Plaidoyer pour une politique de développement rural
Authors: Mendras Henri
Published: October 2008

It may be found surprising that the principles underlying French and, for that matter, EEC agricultural policy, conceived during the period of the post-war expansion have hardly been modified despite the profound changes that have taken place since then. In the socio-economic structure for example, the family group and the group working a farm are no longer the same and the marked revival in rural society has been accompanied by the entry into different spheres of activity by members of that society. At the same time, farmers' organizations and those representing rural communities were becoming more significant... If it is true that the political strength of the farmers has helped them to gain governmental support, may not the time have now come to promote a policy of rural development which is not concerned exclusively with agriculture, a policy which has social rather than solely economic objectives ?
L'embellie s'étend à l'Europe
Authors:   Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE, Sigogne Philippe , Fouet Monique , Milewski Françoise
Published: October 2008

Initiated by the relaxation of moneraty policy of summer 1982, the american recovery has since been stimulated by fiscal measures and fuelled by foreign capital. In a moderately inflationist environment, private investment has improved following the recovery of profits. World imports will increase rapidly and many countries will gain substantial market shares. The improvement of economic activity will spread throughout OECD countries in 1984. An acceleration in Europe will offset a slowdown in the USA, caused by a lesser fiscal stimulus, tighter monetary policy and a diversion of foreign capital flows towards Japan and West Germany. The weakening of the dollar and renewed tensions on interest rates and prices in the USA will contrast with slacker monetary policy and lower inflation elsewhere. In France, despite the stagnation of personal income, activity has help up owing to borrowing abroad and improved exports. However, the foreign trade deficit will not be eliminated before the end of 1984. Profits will continue to recover owing to reductions in the work-force and the increase of export profit margins. Correspondingly, inflation should be lower.
Part salariale et emploi
Authors: Le Cacheux Jacques , Szpiro Daniel
Published: October 2008

Des études récentes d'organismes internationaux, tels que la Communauté européenne et l'OCDE, présentent l'accroissement de la part des salaires dans la valeur ajoutée comme un facteur déterminant de la dégradation de la situation de l'emploi au cours des années 1970 dans les principaux pays industrialisés. L'objet de cet article est de placer les concepts de part salariale ou d'écart de salaires réels dans un cadre théorique approprié et d'en examiner la pertinence empirique. Les équations testées pour les États-Unis, la France, le Japon, la RFA et le Royaume-Uni, sur la période 1960-1981, ne font apparaître aucune corrélation significative entre l'écart de salaire réel et l'emploi, contrairement aux résultats des études précédentes. Ce résultat négatif provient probablement de la difficulté d'isoler les effets d'un facteur dans un phénomène dont les déterminants sont multiples.
Le troisième âge animera la société française
Authors: Dirn Louis , Mendras Henri , Duboys Fresney Laurence
Published: October 2008

Généralement considéré comme un poids pour la nation et un problème social délicat, le troisième âge s'affirme au contraire comme un acteur économique et social important de l'avenir. Détenteurs du patrimoine, assurés de leurs revenus, libres de leur temps et en bonne santé, sexagénaires et septuagénaires constituent 20 % de la population. Ce sont de bons clients, notamment pour l'alimentation, l'immobilier et les services. Clé de voûte de leur parentèle, ils jouent un rôle économique et affectif capital pour leurs descendants. Ils déploient leur activité dans l'économie informelle et au service d'associations, de leur voisinage et de leur localité. C'est la nouvelle « classe de loisirs » qu'il faut reconnaître et respecter comme telle.