bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Interface in the Coarse-Grained Model of CNT /Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Duan Ke , Li Li , Wang Fei , Meng Weishuang , Hu Yujin , Wang Xuelin
Published: October 2019

Interface interactions play a crucial role in determining the thermomechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer nanocomposites. They are, however, poorly treated in the current multi-scale coarse-grained (CG) models. To develop suitable CG models of CNTs/polymer nanocomposites, we demonstrate the importance of two aspects for the first time, that is, preserving the interfacial cohesive energy and reproducing the interface load transfer behavior of all-atomistic (AA) systems. Our simulation results indicate that, for CNTs/polymer nanocomposites, the interface cohesive energy and the interface load transfer of CG models are generally inconsistent with their AA counterparts, revealing significant deviations in their predicted mechanical properties. Fortunately, such inconsistency can be “corrected” by phenomenologically adjusting the cohesive interaction strength parameter of the interface LJ potentials in conjunction with choosing a reasonable degree of coarse-graining of incorporated CNTs. We believe that the problem studied here is general for the development of the CG models of nanocomposites, and the proposed strategy used in present work may be applied to polymer nanocomposites reinforced by other nanofillers.
Automatic Change Detection System over Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Video Sequences Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: García Rubio Víctor , Rodrigo Ferrán Juan Antonio , Menéndez García Jose Manuel , Sánchez Almodóvar Nuria , Lalueza Mayordomo José María , Álvarez Federico
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance tasks has increased considerably. This technology provides a versatile and innovative approach to the field. However, the automation of tasks such as object recognition or change detection usually requires image processing techniques. In this paper we present a system for change detection in video sequences acquired by moving cameras. It is based on the combination of image alignment techniques with a deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This approach covers two important topics. Firstly, the capability of our system to be adaptable to variations in the UAV flight. In particular, the difference of height between flights, and a slight modification of the camera’s position or movement of the UAV because of natural conditions such as the effect of wind. These modifications can be produced by multiple factors, such as weather conditions, security requirements or human errors. Secondly, the precision of our model to detect changes in diverse environments, which has been compared with state-of-the-art methods in change detection. This has been measured using the Change Detection 2014 dataset, which provides a selection of labelled images from different scenarios for training change detection algorithms. We have used images from dynamic background, intermittent object motion and bad weather sections. These sections have been selected to test our algorithm’s robustness to changes in the background, as in real flight conditions. Our system provides a precise solution for these scenarios, as the mean F-measure score from the image analysis surpasses 97%, and a significant precision in the intermittent object motion category, where the score is above 99%.
Three-Dimensional Measurement Method of Four-View Stereo Vision Based on Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Gong Miao , Zhang Zhijiang , Zeng Dan , Peng Tao
Published: October 2019

Multisensor systems can overcome the limitation of measurement range of single-sensor systems, but often require complex calibration and data fusion. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) measurement method of four-view stereo vision based on Gaussian process (GP) regression is proposed. Two sets of point cloud data of the measured object are obtained by gray-code phase-shifting technique. On the basis of the characteristics of the measured object, specific composite kernel functions are designed to obtain the initial GP model. In view of the difference of noise in each group of point cloud data, the weight idea is introduced to optimize the GP model, which is the data fusion based on Bayesian inference method for point cloud data. The proposed method does not require strict hardware constraints. Simulations for the curve and the high-order surface and experiments of complex 3D objects have been designed to compare the reconstructing accuracy of the proposed method and the traditional methods. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional methods in measurement accuracy and reconstruction effect.
Robust Stride Detector from Ankle-Mounted Inertial Sensors for Pedestrian Navigation and Activity Recognition with Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Beaufils Bertrand , Chazal Frédéric , Grelet Marc , Michel Bertrand
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a stride detector algorithm combined with a technique inspired by zero velocity update (ZUPT) is proposed to reconstruct the trajectory of a pedestrian from an ankle-mounted inertial device. This innovative approach is based on sensor alignment and machine learning. It is able to detect 100% of both normal walking strides and more than 97% of atypical strides such as small steps, side steps, and backward walking that existing methods can hardly detect. This approach is also more robust in critical situations, when for example the wearer is sitting and moving the ankle or when the wearer is bicycling (less than two false detected strides per hour on average). As a consequence, the algorithm proposed for trajectory reconstruction achieves much better performances than existing methods for daily life contexts, in particular in narrow areas such as in a house. The computed stride trajectory contains essential information for recognizing the activity (atypical stride, walking, running, and stairs). For this task, we adopt a machine learning approach based on descriptors of these trajectories, which is shown to be robust to a large of variety of gaits. We tested our algorithm on recordings of healthy adults and children, achieving more than 99% success. The algorithm also achieved more than 97% success in challenging situations recorded by children suffering from movement disorders. Compared to most algorithms in the literature, this original method does not use a fixed-size sliding window but infers this last in an adaptive way.
Causality of Biodiversity Loss: Climate, Vegetation, and Urbanization in China and America
Authors: Cai Danlu , Fraedrich Klaus , Guan Yanning , Guo Shan , Zhang Chunyan , Carvalho Leila M.V. , Zhu Xiuhua
Published: October 2019

Essential for directing conservation resources is to identify threatened vertebrate regions and diagnose the underlying causalities. Through relating vertebrates and threatened vertebrates to the rainfall-runoff chain, to the food chain, and to the human impact of urbanization, the following relationships are noticed: (i) The Earth’s vertebrates generally show increasing abundance and decreasing threatened species indicator (threatened species number/species abundance) for a higher Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or larger city-size. (ii) Regional vertebrates reveal a notable ‘U-shape profile’ (‘step-like jump’) of threatened species indicator occurs in the moderate (high) NDVI regions in China (America). (iii) Positive/green city states emerge in China and are characterized by the lowest threatened species indicators in areas of low to moderate greenness, where the greenness trend of change during the last 30 years is about three times higher in the urbanized areas than over land. (iv) Negative/brown city states emerge in America revealing high threatened species indicators for greenness exceeding NDVI > 0.2, where similar greenness trends are of both urbanized and land areas. The occurrence of green and brown city states suggests a biodiversity change pattern characterized by the threatened species indicator declining from city regimes with high to those with low indicator values for increasing ratio of the city-over-land NDVI trends.
Ultrasensitive Electrical Detection of Hemagglutinin for Point-of-Care Detection of Influenza Virus Based on a CMP-NANA Probe and Top-Down Processed Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Uhm Mihee , Lee Jin-Moo , Lee Jieun , Lee Jung Han , Choi Sungju , Park Byung-Gook , Kim Dong Myong , Choi Sung-Jin , Mo Hyun-Sun , Jeong Yong-Joo , Kim Dae Hwan
Published: October 2019

Rather than the internal genome nucleic acids, the biomolecules on the surface of the influenza virus itself should be detected for a more exact and rapid point-of-care yes/no decision for influenza virus-induced infectious diseases. This work demonstrates the ultrasensitive electrical detection of the HA1 domain of hemagglutinin (HA), a representative viral surface protein of the influenza virus, using the top-down complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processed silicon nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistor (FET) configuration. Cytidine-5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) was employed as a probe that specifically binds both to the aldehyde self-aligned monolayer on the SiNWs and to HA1 simultaneously. CMP-NANA was serially combined with two kinds of linkers, namely 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. The surface functionalization used was verified using the purification of glutathione S-transferase-tagged HA1, contact angle measurement, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, and isoelectric focusing analysis. The proposed functionalized SiNW FET showed high sensitivities of the threshold voltage shift (ΔVT) ~51 mV/pH and the ΔVT = 112 mV (63 mV/decade) with an ultralow detectable range of 1 fM of target protein HA1.
Amplitude Dependence of Resonance Frequency and its Consequences for Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Dagdeviren Omur E. , Miyahara Yoichi , Mascaro Aaron , Enright Tyler , Grütter Peter
Published: October 2019

With recent advances in scanning probe microscopy (SPM), it is now routine to determine the atomic structure of surfaces and molecules while quantifying the local tip-sample interaction potentials. Such quantitative experiments using noncontact frequency modulation atomic force microscopy is based on the accurate measurement of the resonance frequency shift due to the tip-sample interaction. Here, we experimentally show that the resonance frequency of oscillating probes used for SPM experiments change systematically as a function of oscillation amplitude under typical operating conditions. This change in resonance frequency is not due to tip-sample interactions, but rather due to the cantilever strain or geometric effects and thus the resonance frequency is a function of the oscillation amplitude. Our numerical calculations demonstrate that the amplitude dependence of the resonance frequency is an additional yet overlooked systematic error source that can result in nonnegligible errors in measured interaction potentials and forces. Our experimental results and complementary numerical calculations reveal that the frequency shift due to this amplitude dependence needs to be corrected even for experiments with active oscillation amplitude control to be able to quantify the tip-sample interaction potentials and forces with milli-electron volt and pico-Newton resolutions.
Stabilité de la magnésite et de la dolomite ; interprétation des résultats de mise en solution et de synthèse par thermodiffusion
Authors: Dandurand Jean-Louis , Schott Jacques
Published: October 2019

Des essais de mise en solution aqueuse, réalisés dans les conditions normales (T = 22° C ; P[CO₂] = 10⁻³ֹ‧⁵ atm.), à partir de calcite, magnésite et dolomite longuement broyées, font apparaître l'impossibilité de déterminer la solubilité d'un minéral dans des conditions où il n'est pas synthétisable.

D'autre part des expériences de synthèse, effectuées par thermodiffusion, à partir de carbonates magnésiens, à différentes températures et pressions de CO₂, aboutissent à la cristallisation de minéraux dont l'apparition est en désaccord avec les diagrammes de stabilité couramment admis.

L'ensemble de ces observations nous a conduit à recalculer les valeurs d'enthalpies libres de formation des carbonates dans les systèmes MgO-CO₂-H₂O et CaO-MgO-CO₂-H₂O, en excluant les données obtenues à partir de mises en solutions effectuées hors des domaines de stabilité. Les valeurs ainsi calculées permettent de tracer des diagrammes de phases qui rendent mieux compte de nos résultats expérimentaux ainsi que des conditions naturelles de formation de ces minéraux.
Age Rb˗Sr et 39Ar-40Ar de la syénite néphélinique de Fitou (Corbières orientales)
Authors: Vitrac-Michard Annie , Albarède Francis , Azambre Bernard
Published: October 2019

La syénite néphélinique de Fitou (Corbières orientales) a été datée par une isochrone interne Rb˗Sr (81,9 ± 1,3 M. A.) ainsi que par la méthode de dégazage progressif ³⁹Ar˗⁴⁰Ar (80 ± 4 et 84 ± 4 M. A.) Le rapport isotopique ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr initial à 0,7036 est en bon accord avec celui obtenu ailleurs sur des roches similaires. Il permet d'écarter pour ces roches une origine par fusion partielle de la croûte continentale.
Electron microscope study of plastic defects in experimentally deformed alkali feldspars
Authors: Willaime Christian , Gandais Madeleine
Published: October 2019

Des monocristaux de sanidine ont été déformés sous contrainte triaxiale à 700 et 900° C ; avec une pression de confinement de 15 kb et une contrainte différentielle allant jusqu'à 10 kb pour une vitesse de déformation constante voisine de 2 x 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. Les monocristaux avaient été orientés de manière à obtenir un facteur de Schmid maximum pour les deux systèmes de glissement (010) [101] et (001) 1/2 [110], supposés actifs. On étudie les échantillons optiquement et par microscopie électronique en transmission. On caractérise les défauts de déformation : un vecteur de Burgers 1/2 [110] pour les dislocations glissant dans les plans (001) ; un vecteur de Burgers [1 — 1/n, 0,1] (avec n > 4) pour les dislocations glissant dans (010) auxquelles sont associés des défauts d'empilement parallèles à (010) dont le vecteur déplacement est [1/n, 0, 0] (n > 4) . On suggère des mécanismes de déformation pour ces expériences de déformation à 700 et 900° C.
ANALISIS POTENSI ZAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Amelia Noor
Published: October 2019

Permasalahan kemiskinan merupakan salah satu masalah penting dalampembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia khususnya Provinsi KalimantanSelatan. Salah satu upaya untuk menekantingkat kemiskinan adalah denganmemaksimalkan potensi zakat, karena mayoritas penduduk di KalimantanSelatan adalah muslim. Zakat, di samping sebagai rukun Islam yang ketigadan bagian dari ibadah mahgdah kepada Allah s.w.t., zakat juga merupakanibadah maliyah yang memiliki berbagai fungsi sosial yang strategis dalamrangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan umat. Berdasarkan data yang dihimpunBadan Amil Zakat Kalsel hanya sekitar 1 (satu) persen dari potensi zakatyang adama kapotensi zakat di Kalimantan Selatan diperkirakan mencapailebih dari 200 milyar per tahun. Pemberdayaan zakat khususnya zakatproduktif diharapkan mampu menjadi solusi untuk mengentaskankemiskinan di daerah Kalimantan Selatan, dan juga seluruh provinsi lainnyadi Indonesia.Kata kunci: zakat, pengentasan kemiskinan
Concepciones sobre el acompañamiento pedagógico de acompañantes de la región Ucayali: implicancias y aportes de la psicología educacional
Authors: Vásquez Stephanie , Frisancho Susana , La Rosa María Isabel
Published: October 2019

This qualitative study reports the conceptions of a group of indigenous pedagogical mentors (four males and one female), who are part of the Educational Program “Logros de Aprendizaje” (PELA) and work at Shipibo-Konibo intercultural bilin-gual schools in native communities of the Ucayali region in Peru. These pedagogi-cal mentors have taught for 15 to 25 years. Using qualitative interviews, the study collects mentors’ conceptions about the mentoring process, and how they perceive and characterize the teachers they work with. Mentors conceive mentoring as a directive process, a process focused on assessment and based on an asymme-tric relationship between them and the teachers. Their perceptions focus mainly on the shortcomings of teachers, highlighting the deficiencies of their initial trai-ning, and the lack of class preparation and planning. Mentors also point out that teachers show rejection towards them and towards the mentoring process. We discuss these results emphasizing the potential contribution of psychology to the mentoring process’ improvement, as well as the role of psycho-pedagogical strate-gies to help achieve successful public policies for mentors’ training.
El triunfo del caos: Picnic en la fosa común de Armando Vega-Gil
Authors: Mondragón Cristina
Published: October 2019

Lo fantástico, en cuanto modo discursivo, frecuentemente aparece en relatos de diversos géneros como estrategia para generar un matiz inquietante a la historia, por ejemplo, en los relatos de horror. Armando Vega-Gil usa esta estrategia discursiva en su novela Picnic en la fosa común, pero como herramienta para introducir otro modo de discurso, el de la ficción apocalíptica. En este artículo analizaré cómo se intersecan estos dos modos en un relato de horror sobrenatural que, sin ser fantástico en sentido pleno del término, muestra la eficacia narrativa de este modo del discurso en una novela de largo aliento.
Gestión del agua y minería en el Perú: manejo del agua en operaciones mineras e intervenciones en la cuenca
Authors: Espinar Álvarez Ángel
Published: October 2019

En los últimos años, la industria minera viene desarrollando sus actividades en escenarios en los que el acceso y uso del agua constituye no sólo un recurso con el cual realizan los procesos minero-metalúrgicos, sino también un factor determinan- te para situarse como actor junto con otros en la cuenca, con quienes tiene que esta- blecer acuerdos no sólo de uso sino también de gestión compartida, sobre la base de procedimientos técnico-normativos que señala la autoridad competente en materia de recursos hídricos. La concurrencia y acuerdo por las disponibilidades hídricas de un territorio hidrográfico determinado mediada por la intervención regulatoria de la autoridad en la atención de las demandas hídricas, construye gobernabilidad en torno a los usos de los recursos hídricos en la cuenca, espacio privilegiado para realizar la gestión integrada del agua. 

En la mayoría de las actividades productivas que usan agua y específicamente en la minería, existe consenso sobre la necesidad de incorporar como visión y en- foque una gestión integrada del recurso hídrico para asegurar su conservación, cali- dad y uso racional. La industria minera está empeñada en demostrar que sus actividades, especialmente el manejo de las aguas dentro y fuera de sus operacio- nes, contribuyen con el desarrollo sostenible, la protección del medio ambiente y específicamente de los recursos hídricos en las cuencas donde se ubican sus activi- dades, desarrollando sus operaciones en forma responsable para respetar y proteger su entorno.
El marco regulatorio de las patentes en la reestructuración de los sistemas de innovación y la nueva migración calificada
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Pinazo Dallenbach Julián , Delgado Wise Raúl ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: October 2019

Asistimos a una fase crítica del desarrollo capitalista donde la propiedad intelectual y las patentes se han convertido en un aspecto consustancial a la lógica de reestructuración neoliberal promovida por las grandes corporaciones multinacionales y los gobiernos imperialistas encabezados por Estados Unidos. Ello ha dado lugar a una expansión, concentración y apropiación privada sin precedentes de los productos del general intellect, que lejos de propiciar una ruta progresista de desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas, ha desencadenado dinámicas regresivas de degradación social y ambiental. A partir de esas consideraciones, nos proponemos lo siguiente: a) contribuir a desentrañar la forma como se han reestructurado los sistemas de innovación en la actualidad, tomando como referente el caso emblemático de Silicon Valley; b) analizar, desde un mirador jurídico-crítico, la nueva normativa e institucionalidad internacional en materia de patentamiento; y c) esclarecer el significado que, en este contexto, adquiere la nueva migración calificada proveniente de países periféricos y emergentes.
¿Cuánto gasta el gobierno de México al expulsar a una persona extranjera indocumentada del país?
Authors:   Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales México, Casillas R. Rodolfo
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el gasto medio del gobierno mexicano en la devolución de un inmigrante a su lugar de origen durante el periodo 2003-2016; cabe aclarar que se trata de una aproximación deductiva. Las «Estadísticas oportunas de finanzas públicas» y los boletines estadísticos del Instituto Nacional de Migración (INM) fueron las principales fuentes de información, aunque poseen algunas limitaciones para la desagregación por rubros del gasto. Los principales resultados arrojaron que el costo por gastos de operación del INM ha tenido un papel secundario comparado con los gastos de funcionamiento. A su vez el costo promedio de devolución ha tenido importantes variaciones, con incrementos pronunciados de 2010 a 2015; y un mayor costo de devolución para las entidades federativas con una baja tradición de inmigrantes indocumentados en contraste con las de alta tradición (en específico, Chiapas, Veracruz y Tabasco).
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Gerak Dasar Dengan Modifikasi Permainan Kecil Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ricky Zuhar , Triana Erit
Published: October 2019

Secara umum tujuan dari penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan model pembelajaran gerak dasar untuk pendidikan jasmani di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan sebagai bahan ajar guru SD pada pembelajaran Penjasorkes di SD. Di Sa (Rahadian, 2018)mping itu, penelitian dan pengembangan ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi secara mendalam tentang: pengembangan dan penerapan model pembelajaran bagi anak kelas IV dan V SD dan mengetahui efektivitas, efisiensi dan daya tarik hasil pengembangan pembelajaran gerak dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Research and Development ( R&D) dari Borg dan Ball. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah kuisioner, serta instrumen psikomotorik gerak dasar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan terhadap tanggapan/penilaian dari ahli/pelatih, hasilnya adalah 86,11 %, dari kriteria yang ditentukan dan dapat dikatakan bahwa Model Pembelajaran gerak dasar melalui Permainan kecil ini memenuhi kriteria VALID (80% - 100%) sehingga dapat digunakan dan dipraktekkan dalam proses pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CONCEPT AND MEANING OF PLACE IN TOURISM GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Movahed Ali , Gahlehteimouri Kamran Jafarpour
Published: October 2019

The place is one of the most complicated issues in geographical studies. Place refers to both sides of human and physical geography. There is not clearly understand about the place and sometimes refer to local, area, point, region, and landscape. Tourism geography is about different human and physical characteristics that conduct groups of people to move to a specific place “tourism destination”. Therefore, tourist moves have tied to so many different geographical concepts, aspects, and meanings of place. Different places have different identity and geography searches for these uneven distributions of place. Rapid move from one place on the earth to another place is possible by advanced transportation systems. Hiding and destroying the function and meaning place behind space in geography will minimize the success of entire geographical studies in particular tourism geography. No matter how fast human be “speed” shortening “distance” and the “time” of trips faster than decades ago, but they have never been able to carry what are attached to place. The first question is, are we at the end of the real meaning of the place and does place losing the meaning. The second question is how the ability to move from one place to another place has changed the concept and meaning of the place. A library research method and process involve gathering appropriate information. This study aims to show how tourism geography in terms of formation, activity, and significance in shaping and reshaping the new meaning of the place. Also, the evolution of the meaning and function of place in the context of space.
Problemáticas que dificultan el desarrollo de investigaciones en escuelas secundarias de sectores medios-altos. Dos experiencias en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: KOPELOVICH Pablo
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo se propone presentar y desarrollar una serie de reflexiones en torno a las dificultades presentadas a la hora de ingresar a investigar problemáticas en torno al cuerpo en escuelas secundarias de elite o de sectores medios-altos de la sociedad. Se refiere a comenzar (y desarrollar) un trabajo de campo, desde la metodología cualitativa, que incluya por ejemplo, observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad con los actores sociales. Para ello, se incluyen dos experiencias en instituciones educativas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se estima que se trata de una cuestión que permitiría contribuir a la comprensión de la manera en la que funcionan ese tipo de instituciones, a la vez que aportar a la discusión sobre metodología de la investigación. Es decir, podría tomarse como una importante característica de las escuelas en relación, por ejemplo, a la forma de ver, pensar, imaginar, tratar, a los otros, personas ajenas a los establecimientos. Podría pensarse también en el grado de cierre social llevado a cabo por determinados grupos.
Submetido em: 14/12/2018Aceito em: 02/05/2019
O ENSINO DO PARA-BADMINTON PARA CRIANÇAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA FÍSICA
Authors: Strapasson Aline Miranda , Tanure Alves Maria Luiza , Duarte Edison
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to structure a Para-Badminton (PBd) teaching program for physical disabilities children, which helps in motor skills acquisition and favors the sport learning. This is a descriptive research with non-participant observation. As a result, the PBd teaching was structured in four pedagogical axes: 1) wheelchair handling and displacement; 2) exercises and games with shuttlecocks; 3) exercises and games with rackets; and, 4) exercises and games with rackets and shuttlecocks. The conclusion is that the proposed program proved to be adequate to learn PBd for children with physical disability.
Received on: 5/13/2019Accepted: 6/30/2019
Aspectos genómicos, transcriptómicos y del diagnóstico en el síndrome de Down
Authors: Díaz-Hernández David J. , Torres-Gómez Isaura P. , Arango-Martínez Adriana M. , Manrique-Hernández Rubén D. , Gallo-Bonilla Juan E.
Published: October 2019

El síndrome de Down es causado por la presencia de una tercera copia del cromosoma 21 y fue descrito por primera vez en 1838 por Jean-Etienne-Dominique, y más tarde por John Langdon Haydon Down en 1866, mientras trabajaba como superintendente médico en el Asilo Real de Earlswood. Desde ese momento, la comunidad científica puso grandes esfuerzos en tratar de elucidar diversos aspectos que influyen en la naturaleza de esta condición, y que determinan su incidencia y factores de riesgo. De igual manera, se ha puesto interés en los genes involucrados en esta enfermedad, la relación genotipo-fenotipo, la expresión del fenotipo, la variabilidad del material genético y las consecuencias transcripcionales que se producen al tener una tercera copia, ya sea parcial o total, del cromosoma 21. Además, se han invertido esfuerzos en identificar biomarcadores y en diseñar metodologías de diagnóstico prenatal no invasivo que sean altamente eficientes para un mejor diagnóstico del síndrome de Down, y así reducir su impacto negativo en las madres gestantes, al proveerlas de información neutral y precisa acerca de vivir con un hijo con síndrome de Down, y darles autonomía en la decisión de la continuación de su embarazo.
Estado actual de las aplicaciones del ADN libre de célula circulante
Authors: Jaraba Álvarez Wendy V , Torres Gómez Isaura P. , Manrique Hernández Rubén D. , Gallo Bonilla Juan E
Published: October 2019

El diagnóstico y tamizaje prenatal, así como el diagnóstico y seguimiento de enfermedades en diversos campos de la medicina, se hace, en la actualidad, de manera más sencilla gracias al ADN libre en plasma. Este ADN representa una pequeña parte de la información genética de un tejido en particular o, en el caso de las mujeres en embarazo, una proporción del ADN fetal. En la oncología, por ejemplo, dada la heterogeneidad del cáncer, la aplicación del ADN libre en plasma ha sido difícil de implementar ya que solo existen algunos biomarcadores tumorales específicos para su uso en inves-tigación. Metodologías como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real muestran una gran sensibilidad para detectar mutaciones que permitan establecer un correcto dignóstico y tra-tamiento de algunas enfermedades como las fetales o las tumorales, al mismo tiempo que disminuye costos. Lo anterior, no deja de ser una gran oportunidad para continuar los procesos de investigación y desarrollo de pruebas que permitan, en un futuro cercano, implementar el uso del ADN libre de células en el área clínica, con resultados confiables en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades sin poner en riesgo la integridad del paciente.
Luzes na Cidade: sobre as Paisagens Luminosas e os Cenários Noturnos da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Góis Marcos Paulo Ferreira de
Published: October 2019

As cidades têm sido objetos privilegiados de estudo nas ciências sociais,especialmente na Geografia. Contudo, as paisagens urbanas noturnas são pouco contempladas e suas dinâmicas e seus processos constitutivos estão praticamente ausentes nesses estudos. Este trabalho se propõe, portanto, a apresentar uma análise da noite urbana, colocando em evidência a importância da iluminação artificial nas cidades. Partimos da decomposição da paisagem noturna em cenas, com o intuito de com preender a nova configuração espacial da cidade através da luz. Para efeito de demonstração escolhemos utilizar o exemplo da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Atualidades em tratamentos utilizados em dermatopatias de cães - revisão
Authors: Peixoto Anaiara Silgueiro , Coelho Maria Cristina de Oliveira Cardoso , Barbosa Margarida Bernardes
Published: October 2019

As alterações dermatológicas em cães necessitam, além de um diagnóstico correto, da utilização de drogas que possuam eficácia e tragam poucos efeitos colaterais. Portanto, nesta revisão, apresentaremos informações a respeito de drogas que vêm sendo utilizadas em dermatoses parasitárias, fúngicas e bacterianas mais comuns no dia-a-dia da clínica veterinária.
The 500-year Cultural & Economic Trajectory of Tobacco: A Circle Complete
Authors: Jones Christopher A. , Wassel Amanda , Mierse William , Sills E. Scott
Published: October 2019

Who smokes, and why do they do it? What factors discourage and otherwise reward or incentivize smoking? Tobacco use has been accompanied by controversy from the moment of its entry into European culture, and conflicting opinions regarding its potentially adverse influence on health have coexisted for hundreds of years. Its use in all forms represents the world’s single greatest cause of preventable disease and death. Tobacco was introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus, who in October 1492 discovered the crop in Cuba. While the next four centuries would see tobacco as the most highly traded economic commodity, by 1900, the now familiar cigarette remained obscure and accounted for only 2% of total tobacco sales. Global tobacco consumption rose sharply after 1914 and became especially prevalent following World War II, particularly among men. Indeed, overall tobacco sales increased by more than 60% by the mid-20th century, and cigarettes were a critical driver of this growth. Cigarettes dominated the tobacco market by 1950, by then accounting for more than 80% of all tobacco purchases. In the absence of clinical and scientific evidence against tobacco, moral and religious arguments dominated opposition voices against tobacco consumption in the 1800s. However, by the mid-20th century, advancements in medical research supported enhanced government and voluntary actions against tobacco advertising and also raised awareness of the dangers associated with passive tobacco smoke exposure. Solid epidemiological work connecting tobacco use with “the shortening of life span” began to appear in the medical literature in the 1950s, linking smoking with lung cancer and related conditions. In subsequent years, these developments led to significant curtailment of tobacco use. This monograph explores aspects of the intersection of tobacco with themes of behavioral incentives, religion, culture, literature, economics, and government over the past five centuries.
Patient Preference for Once-Weekly Dosing in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan
Authors: Sen Rohini , Shields Alan L. , Atsuda Koichiro
Published: October 2019

Background: Among several factors that impair adherence to available therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the complexity of the dosing regimen. Moreover, the value of a once-weekly (QW) administration of oral medications for T2DM compared to once, twice, or thrice daily (QD, BID, TID) regimens is unclear. This study aims to identify subgroups and patient characteristics correlated with a preference for QW dosing compared to daily dosing using survey-based methods.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey study among patients with T2DM in Japan. Patients with T2DM were categorized into one of the three groups: (1) patients on treatment with oral hypoglycemic agent(s) only, (2) patients on combination treatment with oral hypoglycemic agent(s) and insulin, and (3) patients diagnosed with or suspected to have T2DM with no current or past experience with T2DM drug treatment (treatment naïve). Preliminary logistic regressions and classification and regression tree analysis (QW/QD dosing preferences as the dependent variable) were conducted to identify key predictors of dosing preference, followed by an evaluation of frequencies and trends in dosing preferences by the identified factors (subgroups).

Results: Current treatment regimen, age, and work status were identified as the major demographic factors that were most predictive of QW preference. While, overall, 55.5% preferred QD and 33.3% preferred QW, the preference toward QW is higher in a specific cohort of patients that is treatment naïve (i.e., patients diagnosed with T2DM and/on diet/exercise therapy with no current or past experience with T2DM drug treatment) than who are on treatment, younger (age ≤64 years old), working full-time than part-time, and/or currently taking 0 or 1 drugs or more than 6 drugs (68.67% versus 30.12%). The most commonly cited reasons for QW preference were (1) “less burdensome because they didn’t have to take it every day” (47.8%), (2) “less psychological burden” (14.6%), and (3) “forget to take it less often”(12.5%).

Conclusion: Patients with T2DM vary in terms of preference for dosing regimens. Daily dosing was preferred over QW dosing in the overall population, however, preference for QW was higher in younger, full-time working, treatment naïve subjects, who are/or currently taking 0 or 1 drugs or more than 6 drugs.
Creating National Weights for a Patient-level Longitudinal Database
Authors: Wang Li , Maguire Jon , Baser Onur
Published: October 2019

Objective: To create a nationally-representative estimate from longitudinal data by controlling for sociodemographic factors and health status.

Method: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ) Medicare Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) was used as the basis for adjustment methodology. MEPS is a data source representing health insurance coverage cost and utilization, and comprises several large-scale surveys of families, individuals, employers, and health care providers. Using these data, we created subset populations. We then used multivariate logistic regression to construct demographics and case-mix-based weights, which were applied to create a population sample that is similar to the national population. The weight was derived using the inverse probability of the weighting approach, as well as a raking mechanism. We compared the results with the projected number of persons in the US population in the same categories to examine the validity of the weights.

Results: The following variables were used in the logistic regression: Age group, gender, race, location, income level and health status (Charlson Comorbidity Index scores and chronic condition diagnosis). Relative to MEPS data, patients included in the private insurance data were more likely to be male, older, to have a chronic condition, and to be white (p=0.0000). Adjusted weighted values for patients in the commercial group ranged from 15.47 to 36.36 (median: 16.91). Commercial insurance and MEPS data populations were similar in terms of their socioeconomic and clinical categories. As an outcomes measure, the predicted annual number of patients with prescription claims from private insurance data was 6 963 034. The annual number of statin users were predicted as 6 709 438 using weighted MEPS data.

Conclusion: National projections of large-scale patient longitudinal databases require adjustment utilizing demographic factors and case-mix differences related to health status.
ابن الأنباري سيرته الذاتية وآثاره النوعية
Authors: بادي عبد الحكيم محمد
Published: October 2019

فإنّ الاطّلاع على جهود السابقين والنظرّ في سِيَرهم، والبحثَ عن تفاصيل حياتهم يُعَدُّ من الأمور الجليلة التي تربط حاضرنا بماضينا، وتمدّنا بزاد العِظة والعبرة والتدبّر، وتُشعرنا بمدى تقصيرنا وتفريطنا في التعامل مع التراث المجيد الذي خلّفوه لنا، وتدفعنا للسيْر على نهجهم، واتّباع مَسْلكهم العلميّ القويم.
هذا وقد آثرتُ دراسةَ شخصية الإمام (الأنباري - ابن الأنباري)( )؛ لأني وجدتُ أنّ جماعةً من علماء العربية المبرّزين في القرون الإسلامية السابقة نالوا حظّهم من الإشادة والاهتمام بتصانيفهم شرحاً وتعليقاً وتحشيةً، كصاحب الكشاف والمفصَّل، وصاحب الكافية والشافية، وصاحب الألفية والتسهيل، وصاحب البحر والارتشاف، وصاحب الشذور والمغني ... أما أبو البركات عبد الرحمن الأنباري فذِكرُه في كتب التاريخ والتراجم عابرٌ، وترجمتُه هزيلةٌ لا تُناسِب مكانتَه العلمية وتصانيفَه النوعية؛ إذ تهمل كثيراً من جوانب حياته وتمرّ على جوانب أخرى مرورَ الكرام، وفي هذا الصَّدَد يقول أحد المعاصرين: وإنه لمن المؤسف حقّاً أنْ تمرّ هذه السنون الطويلة ولا يجد صاحبُ (الإنصاف) مَن يُنصِفه، وأنْ تكون بعض الصفحات القليلة ... والأبحاث المتفرِّقة في المجلاّت هي غاية ما ظَفِر به عالمنا الكبير [يقصد ابن الأنباري] حتى الآن( ).
وعليه فإنني سأنضمُّ إلى الذين كتبوا عن الشيخ الجليل، لعلّي أُثري شيئاً عن حياته الخاصة والعامّة وسيرته العلمية، مختاراً عنوان: "ابنُ الأنباري سيرتُه الذاتية وآثارُه النوعية" ومستعيناً بعد عون الله وتوفيقه بمجموعة من كتب التراجم، ومستشفّاً منها المعانيَ السامية في شخصيّته، وناظراً في كتبه المتداوَلة وبعض ما كُتِبَ عنه ككتاب جميل علوش (ابن الأنباري وجهوده في النحو) وسائراً على النهج الآتي:
تمهيد: أَوْجزتُ فيه طبيعةَ عصر الأنباري وملامحَه العامة، وأربعة مطالب خَصِّصتُ الأوّل منها: لحياته (نسبه ومولده ونشأته ووفاته). وتناوَلتُ في الثاني: سيرتَه (خُلقَه وزُهدَه ومجاهدتَه لنفسه ومكانتَه العلمية وشيوخَه وتلاميذَه). وعرضتُ في الثالث: آثارَه (مجموعةً من مؤلّفاته وبعضَ شعره). وفي الرابع: اخترتُ بعضَ ما اختارهُ جميل علوش من إسهاماته النحوية ومشاركاته وآرائه (الجدل النحوي وأصول النحو والخلاف النحوي). وخاتمة: رَصدتُ فيها ما تَوصّلتُ إليه من ملاحظاتٍ وفوائدَ.
واقع استخدام المعلمين للتقنيات التعليمية من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس
Authors: شعيب محمد رمضان
Published: October 2019

يعد المعلم ركيزة أساسية من ركائز العملية التربوية، بل هو عصب العملية التربوية وحجر الزاوية فيها ومحورها الأساسي, والعنصر الفاعل في أية عملية تربوية، وإن أي إصلاح أو تطوير أو تجديد في العملية التربوية يجب أن يبدأ بالمعلم؛ إذ لا تربية جيدة بدون معلم جيد، غير أن المعلم في عصر المعلومات لم يعد يشكل المصدر الوحيد للمعرفة؛ إذ تعددت مصادر المعرفة وطرق الحصول عليها، وأصبح دور المعلم وسيطاً ومسهلاً بين التلاميذ ومصادر المعرفة, وأصبح موجهاً ومرشداً للطلبة أكثر منه ملقناً لهم ومصدراً وحيداً للمعرفة: (محافظة، 2009،ص65). وعلى العموم تتفق آراء المربين وصانعي القرارات التربوية مع نتائج البحوث التربوية الحديثة على أن نجاح المؤسسة التربوية في عصر تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات – الذي يتسم بتضخم المعرفة وتنوع مصادرها وطرق اكتسابها ووسائط تعلمها – يتوقف بالدرجة الأولى على نجاحها في إحداث نقلة نوعية في إعداد المعلم وإعادة تأهيله كي يتعامل مع تكنولوجيا المعلومات دون رهبة أو خوف أو توجس. (الشناق،2006،ص38 ) ويشهد العالم في مطلع القرن الحادي والعشرين تطوراً مذهلاً في كافة مناحي الحياة؛ وخاصة في مجال تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات؛ مما يستدعي أن تواكب المؤسسات التربوية هذا التطور وذلك بإعداد المعلمين وتأهيلهم مهنياً وتربوياً وعلمياً ومسلكياً؛ باعتبارهم عصب العملية التربوية وأداة نجاحها, وأن نوعية التعليم ومدى تحقيق الأهداف التربوية والارتقاء بمستوى أداء التلاميذ، رهن بمستوى أداء المعلم, و بمقدار الفعالية والكفاءة التي يتصف بها في أداء رسالته؛ الأمر الذي جعل الدول على اختلاف فلسفاتها وأهدافها تولي الارتقاء بمستوى أداء المعلم جُلَّ اهتمامها وعنايتها. ومجمل القول: فإن المعلم مطلوب منه القيام بأدوار متعددة، كإدارة الصف، وعرض المحتوى التعليمي لمادته بصورة جيدة، والبحث عن المعرفة، وتشخيص المشكلات، ووضع الحلول المناسبة لها. ومع تنوع هذه الأدوار أصبحت مهمة المعلم صعبة وشائكة؛ مما استلزم تنميته باستمرار وتزويده بالمهارات والمعارف المتجددة، ولا يأتي ذلك إلا بالإعداد الجيد المستدام . (قطامي، 2009 ،ص45).
التخطيط الإقليمي بين النظرية والتطبيق
Authors: جهان مصطفى منصور
Published: October 2019

نظرا لما للتخطيط الإقليمي من أهمية في تنمية الأقاليم والنهوض بمختلف القطاعات الاقتصادية، بغية الإسراع في عملية التنمية، وتقليص الفوارق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والعمرانية، فقد أولته الدول المتقدمة اهتماما خاصا; خاصة بعد أن ثبتت نجاعته في تنمية الأقاليم في روسيا سنة 1928م ، وفي الدول التي طبقته خلال الركود الاقتصادي العالمي سنة 1929م، كبريطانيا على سبيل المثال، كما عملت الدول النامية بعد حصولها على استقلالها على اتباع السياسات التخطيطية لمختلف القطاعات الاقتصادية للنهوض بها.
The application of FRAX values to determine the distribution of risk factors for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal women
Authors: Irfani Tri Hari
Published: October 2019

Background: Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans that causes a bone fracture occurring without trauma or after a minimum trauma as complication. Aim: This study was to apply FRAX values to investigate the distribution of risk factors of osteoporosis in menopause in Palembang community.Methods: Cross sectional approach was applied in this study in order to know the distribution of risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at Sub District in Palembang, Sumatera selatan, Indonesia. The study population was women who reside in Sub District of Palembang. Samples are all postmenopausal women in that sub district of Palembang with ages between 50-79 years. The sub district was randomly selected based on the completeness of population data to facilitate the conduct of research, and then carried out questionnaires to women after that the data on risk factors will be incorporated into the FRAX score to earn the percentage Major Osteoporotic and hip fracture for the next 10 years.Results: The value of major FRAX osteoporotic most often found in the percentage of 20% (108 people), while the value of FRAX hip fracture most often found in the percentage of 3% (90 people).Conclusions: women will have a risk to get possibility fracture that can be occurred in the next 10 years. It is required counseling and provision of basic knowledge to the public about the various risk factors associated with the incidence of osteoporosis. This includes lifestyle, physical activity and sport Key words: Osteoporosis, FRAX, Postmenopausal Women
THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION USING MODIFICATION MODULE TOWARDS NUTRITIONAL INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY IN KENDARI, INDONESIA
Authors: Tini Kar , Syafar Muh , Arsin A. Arsunan , Bahar Burhanuddin , - Farming , Yanti Fitri
Published: October 2019

Background: Energy metabolism speeds up during pregnancy that requires pregnant women to have extra amount of nutritions. Provision of education on nutrition during pregnancy is an effort to prevent and tackle malnutrition.Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of education using modification module towards nutritional intake during pregnancy in Kendari, IndonesiaMethods: This was Quasi Experimental study with pre-post design. There were 4 groups in this study, which were: 1) The group that received educational intervention using a modification module from the MHC book of the Department of Health, 2) The group that received educational intervention using MHC book of the Department of Health, 3) The group that only used modification modules from MHC book of the Department of Health, and 4) The group that only used the MHC book of Department of Health. The intervention was given for 6 months. Seventy eight of 4-months pregnant women were selected in this study. Data were collected by using 24 hours food recall instrument, and questionnaire adopted from Child and Maternal Nutrition Survey’s Questionnaire of Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test.Results: Results showed there was an effect of education by using the module modifications to the intake of nutritions during pregnancy. Increased nutrient intake was higher in pregnant women using a module class modifications.Conclusion: Education affects nutritional intake of pregnant women. Changes in nutritional intake was higher in group 1 (education modules with modifications), compared with the education group MCH handbook. It is suggested that mothers should improve the nutrition during pregnancy for the better growth of the fetus, composition and metabolic changes in the mother's body.
THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION LACTATION ON BREASTFEEDING BEHAVIOR INFANT 0-6 MONTHS IN KENDARI INDONESIA
Authors: Miaty Nur , Arsin A. Arsunan , Sirajuddin Saifuddin , Syafar Muh
Published: October 2019

Background: Provision of breast milk (ASI) is important because it lowers the risk of morbidity and mortality in infants. Breast milk is the ideal food for a baby's growth and development from birth to age 6 months. Thus, the appropriate interventions to improve the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding is really needed.Aim: To determine the effect of education lactation on behavior breastfeeding for infants 0-6 months.Methods: This was Quasy Experiment study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Samples mother (gestational age ≥28-32 weeks) were divided into 3 groups: 1) those who received education lactation and a modification module (n = 21), 2) a group that only received a modification module (n = 21) and 3) a group that only received the MCH book (n = 20). Data were collected using a questionnaire, the implementation of the pre-test before starting lactation education, the first post-test after the intervention with a lag time of 2 months and the second post-test after the intervention with a lag time of 3 months.Results: There had been an increase of knowledge and attitude scores in each group and the highest in the group 1. At the age of 0-3 months, there was a difference in breastfeeding in all groups. In the sixth month, there was a change in group 2, while group 3 had no change, but some mothers given partially breastfed and formula. The tendency of increasing age of the baby causes mothers to give formula milk, but in group 1, majority of women still gave exclusive breastfeeding until the baby 6 months old. It was shown that there was an influence of  lactation education on behavior of breastfeeding infants 0-6 months.Conclusion: Education lactation can improve  knowledge, attitudes and behavior of mother to give breastfeeding up to 6 months.
Public Health Professionals and Nurses in Indonesia: Are We Partners?
Authors: Gunawan Joko
Published: October 2019

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