bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of pre-operative COVID-19 screening test in elective surgeries
Authors: Nazemi Pershang , Feizabad Elham , Shokouhi Nasim , Hashemi Melika , Saeedi Sara , Shirali Elham , Mabadi Avin , Azarnoush Ayein
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Since the COVID-19 pandemic initiation, more than 28 million elective surgeries were post-poned with a cancellation rate of 72.3%. However, studies suggested that the patient treatment should be conducted within12 weeks of diagnosis because delay in treatment might have had adverse impacts on patients' health status, prognosis, and pathologic stage. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the importance of a pre-operative COVID-19 screening test for the patients were candidates for elective surgery.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 patients who were candidates for any type of elective surgeries or cesarean section at a tertiary university-based hospital, between June 2020, and September 2020. Results: The mean age of participants was 41.38 ± 11.66 years. Of them, 91.5% were women and 8.5% were men. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening tests were positive in 12 (8.5%) patients. From whose PCR tests were positive, only five people (less than half) had symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever (three patients), a distinctive smell (two patients), and cough (one patient). Suspected exposure to COVID-19 was reported in four of them.
Conclusion: In this study, we found that more than half of PCR positive COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic. Therefore, to have a safe hospital environment, and improve patient health outcomes, the COVID-19 screening test should be applied before any interventions.
The effect of chlorhexidine on Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care units
Authors: Martinez-Resendez Michel F. , Cruz-López Flora , Gaona-Chávez Natalia , Camacho-Ortiz Adrián , Mercado-Longoria Roberto , Flores-Treviño Samantha , Bocanegra-Ibarias Paola , Garza-González Elvira
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Measures to prevent the emergence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) include a daily bath with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of patients bathing daily with CHG on the bacterial colonization on patient surfaces, environmental surrounding areas, and attending healthcare workers (HCWs).
Materials and Methods: Patients were randomized by a 1:1 in two groups. Patients in group 1 were bathed daily with CHG; patients in group 2 were bathed with a placebo. Microbiological sampling of patients, environment, and HCWs were carried out on days 0, 3, and 10. The clonal relatedness of selected isolates collected was determined through pulsed-field gel elec- trophoresis. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from medical files.
Results: Thirty-three patients were included (18 in group 1 and 15 in group 2). The more common species was Acinetobacter baumannii (n=144), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=81). A. baumannii was isolated more frequently on environmen- tal surfaces in group 2 than group 1 (day 0 vs. day 3 vs. day 10; p = 0.0388). Twelve clones of A. baumannii were detected, with predominant clone A detected in patients and environmental surfaces. No pathogens were detected in HCWs.
Conclusion: Our data support that CHG bathing decreases A. baumannii surviving on the environmental surfaces of criti- cally ill patients.
Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children with acute otitis media in Marrakech, Morocco
Authors: Amari Sara , Warda Karima , Elkamouni Youssef , Arsalane Lamiae , Bouskraoui Mohamed , Zouhair Said
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most frequent pathogens leading to a variety of clinical manifestations. The effects of S. pneumoniae carriage on acute otitis media (AOM) are poorly studied. The study aimed to assess the serotype’s distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in children with AOM after the implemen- tation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in Morocco.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study of AOM children aged 6 to 36 months who visited pediatric centers in Marrakesh between January to June 2018. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire and a swab was col- lected from each child. The S. pneumoniae strains were further identified (Hemolysis, optochin sensitivity, and agglutination test), serogrouped (IMMULEX PNEUMOTEST agglutination test), serotyped (Real time PCR) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.
Results: The S. pneumoniae carriage rate was 49.7% (87/175). As estimated, non-vaccine serotypes (NVT) were most prev- alent (51/63; 81%). The most frequent serotypes were 6C/6D (12.7%), 10 (9.5%), and 19B/19C (9.5%). The S. pneumoniae strains that were isolated showed a diminished susceptibility to penicillin G with a rate of 27.5%. Penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci (PNSP) was mostly associated with NVT. More than 90% of S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to chlor- amphenicol (97.5%), clindamycin (97.5%), erythromycin (97.5%), levofloxacin (97.5%), pristinamycin (97.5%), gentamicin (92.5%), and teicoplanin (92.5%).
Conclusion: Important nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence was reported among children with AOM. The study showed that new NVT are emerging, including 6C/6D and 10. Furthermore, susceptibility was significantly higher against all antibiotics tested except for penicillin G and amoxicillin.
Investigating the relation between resistance pattern and type of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bottros Youssef Christiana Rezk , Kadry Ashraf Ahmed , Mohammed El-Ganiny Amira
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: MRSA became a widely recognized cause of mortality worldwide with necessity of its ep- idemiological pattern study. Typing of MRSA isolates was performed molecularly based on SCCmec type and relation to resistance pattern was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Out of 200 clinical specimens, S. aureus was detected phenotypically and confirmed as MRSA by PCR in 124 isolates obtained from associated laboratories of different hospitals of Zagazig, during 2018-2019. Antimicrobial resistance pattern was detected and MRSA SCCmec was typed by two methods.
Results: S. aureus rate was high in wounds, sputum, blood, and urine isolates. Antimicrobial resistance rates against cefo- taxime, tetracycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxaz- ole-trimethoprim, linezolid and vancomycin were 82.3%, 65.3%, 56.4%, 45.1%, 37.1%, 32.3%, 32.3%, 25%, 7.3%, 2.4% and 0%, respectively. Multiplex-PCR(M-PCR ) was able to detect SCCmec element among 57% of isolates classified as SCCmec II (n=40), III (n=21), IVa (n=3), IVd (n=2), V(n=1), and four isolates contain both SCCmec ІІ and SCCmec ІV. Traditional typing by PCR for mec and ccr gene complexes was almost concordant with M-PCR. Furthermore, it was able to identify SCCmec types VI, IX, and XIV among 1, 3 and 18 isolates, respectively. No Statistical correlation was established between type of cassette and rate of antimicrobial resistance. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that all ccr types were related to each other and no significant variation in the same ccr type of different SCCmec cassettes.
Conclusion: Most MRSA isolates were MDR reflecting antimicrobials misuse. Detection of various SCCmec types among MRSA isolates indictae the complexity of MRSA epidemiology and increase chance for gene sharing creating new types. The presented investigation was important in understanding MRSA epidemiology and diversity in Egypt providing advice for improving therapeutic protocols.
In vitro study of antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity properties of Cordia myxa fruit extract
Authors: Al-Musawi Mostafa H. , Ibrahim Kadhim M. , Albukhaty Salim
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Medicinal plants have recently received much interest because of the low production costs and fewer side effects associated with remedies made from them compared with chemical therapies. The current study inves- tigated the antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity properties of an ethanol extract of Cordiamyxa fruit (CMF) extract.
Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity of CMF was determined by measuring electron-donating ability with a 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The phenolic content was calculated as Gallic acid equivalents using the Folin– Ciocalteu assay. To evaluate the efficiency of CMF, five multidrug-resistant bacterial strains (Salmonella enterica, Escherich- ia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were tested using the agar diffusion method. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of CMF was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipheltetrazolium (MTT) assay against a healthy fibroblast (L929) cell line.
Results: The CMF ethanol extract was revealed to have substantial phenol and flavonoid content (113.71± 0.04 mg gallic acid/g dried extract and 68.9 ± 0.002 mg quercetin/g dried extract, respectively) that showed the highest percentage of DPPH inhibition (86.45%), which was achieved by ethanol extract at the concentration of 60 μg/ml,with excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, S. enterica, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa (17.5 ± 1.0, 14.9 ± 1.0, 13.3 ± 1.5, 15.7 ± 1.0, and 13.8 ± 1.5 mm IZ, respectively). In addition, no expressive antiproliferative effect was recorded in the assessment of cytotoxicity on L929 cells.
Conclusion: According to the current findings, CMF exhibits low cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant prop- erties in vitro and can be developed for pharmaceutical and medical uses in the future.
Identification of hub genes and molecular pathways in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 associated diseases using protein-protein interactions networks
Authors: Ebadi Amin , Momenifar Navid , Yazdani Shaghayegh , Gholizadeh Omid , Poortahmasebi Vahdat
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the cause of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The present study aims to analyze gene expression patterns in ATL and HAM/TSP.
Materials and Methods: Microarray gene expression profiling of T-lymphocytes from HTLV-1 associated disease and healthy control were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Several bioinformatics tools were used to identify dif- ferentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among the generated DEGs, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) between HAM/TSM and ATL in comparison to asymptomatic carriers (ACs). Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and topological analysis were performed.
Results: We found that the majority of DEGs in ATL and HAM/TSP were importantly implicated in immune response cat- egories. The nodes and edges number of normal-AC, AC-ATL and ATL-HAM/TSP PPIs were 168 and 145, 116 and 97, and 275 and 327, respectively. Based on the topological analyses of protein-protein interaction networks, APP (Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein) was detected as a critical player in progression of HTLV-1 disease.
Conclusion: Dysregulation of immune response associated transcripts play a critical role in HTLV-1 disease progression. Immune response associated genes may be biomarker for prognosis in cancer development and therapeutic targets.
Comparison of the Effect of Maximal and Submaximal Aerobic Physical Activity on Saliva Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Indices in Middle-Age Women
Authors: Namroodi Zhaleh B , Delavar R , Fazel Bakhsheshi M
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective: Some studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise can reinforce antioxidant defensive system. To this end, the present study aimed to compare the effect of maximal and submaximal aerobic physical activity on saliva enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant indices in middle-aged women.
Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 24 women (35-45 years, Weight: 67.41±5.03, Height: 161.83±2.98 and BMI: 25.74±2.01) were selected purposefully and voluntarily who were randomly categorized into two groups, Maximal Aerobic Physical Activity (MAPA) and Submaximal Physical Activity (SAPA) (n=12/group). SAPA were done with 50 to 70 percentage of heart rate reserve for 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks. To do MAPA, Bruce Protocol (seven stages for 3 minutes) was applied. It started with 10% incline and 1.7 miles/hour speed and continued with 2% increase for every 3 minutes until exhaustion, 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks. Required saliva samples were gathered before the first session and 24 hours after the last session of exercise to be applied to evaluate Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde enzyme, and total antioxidant capacity. Data were analyzed using an independent T-test (P≤ 0.05).
Results: Research results represented a significant difference in saliva enzyme indices for MAPA and SAPA groups: Catalase (PCAT= 0.003), Malondialdehyde (PMDA=0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (PTAC= 0.04). MAPA group showed higher average. In addition, the results indicated no significant difference in dismutase superoxide enzyme levels (PSOD=0.88) in MAPA and SAPA groups.
Conclusion: According to the reported results, it may be concluded that due to its ability to increase antioxidant enzyme secretion, MAPA is applied to cope with oxidative stress.
The Prevalence of Depression and Its Relationship with Demographic Variables in the Employees of Fasa University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Fereidouni A , Khiyali Z , Jafarzadeh S , Ghanavati M , Bahmani T
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective: Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. It causes enormous amount of costs for employees and leads to reduced social and occupational functions severely. This investigation was conducted to study depression prevalence and its relationship with demographic variables among Fasa University of Medical Sciences employees in 2017.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 149 employees working at Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2017. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and the Beck II standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 18) and through descriptive, Chi-2 and correlation tests. The significance level was considered at P<0.05.
Results: 44.8 and 55.2 percent were males and females respectively. Their mean age was 34.41 ± 7.01 with age range from 22 to 55 years old. The mean year of working record was 8.6 ± 16.36 with range of 1-27. Most of employees (77.9 percent) were married and 44.8 percent of them had B.S level of education. The results of present study show that 38.6 percent of employees suffered from different levels of depression so that 16.6, 17.9 and 4.1 percent of them had mild, average and severe to very severe depression, respectively. There was a significant correlation between employee's depression and their education level (p=0.02).
Conclusion: Consequently, it is suggested to establish consulting centers in universities in order to screen employees’ health status. They can find susceptible cases and provide them with any necessary interventions to control their depression and cure them.
Poly (Lactic Acid) Nanoparticles: A Promising Hope to Overcome the Cancers
Authors: Fattahi FS , Zamani T
Published: February 2022

Nanoparticles are used mainly for the transmission of the therapeutic molecules (like drugs, proteins, or DNA) to the organ/tissue of human body. Polymeric nanoparticles are mostly applied for therapeutic effectiveness in cancer therapy. The micro environment of tumor tissues in vessels can assist nanoparticles in achieving their anticipated accumulation. Poly (lactic acid)(PLA) is a novel green polymer with natural sources (like sweet potato and sugar cane). PLA is a linear aliphatic which has great sustainability, renewability and compostability. PLA has popper mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. This biomaterial is thermoplastic polyester with biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability. Various forms of PLA nanoparticles are synthetized for biomedical applications like cancer treatments and wound healing process. This review article introduces the various structures of polylactic acid nanoparticles used to deliver anticancer drugs. Furthermore, the investigational approaches that are considered for using PLA nanoparticles in treatment of different types of cancers will be reported briefly.
Comparative Effect of Bromelain and Vitamin E on Bisphenol A-induced Skeletal Anomalies in the Rat Fetus
Authors: Khazaeel K , Khaksary-Mahabady M , Jamshidian J , Zolfaghari N
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective: The teratogenic and embryotoxic potential of Bisphenol A (BPA) has been identified in recent years. Bromelain is a natural compound of pineapple that contains different beneficial effects on the fetus. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of bromelain against BPA-induced skeletal anomalies in the rat fetuses.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 36 pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups including control, BPA (300 mg/kg), Bromelain (40 mg/kg), BPA + Bromelain (10 mg/kg), BPA + Bromelain (40 mg/kg) and BPA + Vitamin E (100 mg/kg). The treatment period was at the 6-15th days of gestation. Fetuses were collected at the 20th day of gestation and after clarification, the skeletal system was stained by Alizarin red and Alcian blue method. Then, skeletal anomalies were evaluated using a stereomicroscope.
Results: The BPA increased anomalies percentage of cleft palate, spina bifida, non-ossification of the sternum, non-ossification of the last rib, delayed ossification of the forelimb, non-ossification of forepaw, delayed ossification of hindlimb, and non-ossification of the hind paw. Administration of bromelain, as same as vitamin E, reduced the percentage of these anomalies. However, the higher dose of bromelain had a better effect than its lower dose and vitamin E.
Conclusion: Bromelain is dose-dependent and even better than vitamin E, can reduce skeletal anomalies induced by bisphenol A in the rat fetus.
Immunomodulatory Effects of the Somatic Antigens of Fasciola Hepatica and Teladorgasia Circumcincta in Mice Immunized with Sheep Red Blood Cells
Authors: Moradian A , Abtahi Froushani SM , Esmaeilnejad B
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective: Infestation of humans with helminth parasites can reduce the severity of some auto-inflammatory symptoms in humans. This study was done to evaluate the impact of the somatic antigens extracted from Fasciola hepatica (as an indicator Trematode) ,and Teladorgasia circumcincta (as an indicator nematode) on the immune responses of NMRI mice challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs).
Materials & Methods: The mice in treatment groups were intraperitoneally immunized with 1×109 SRBCs twice with 14 days intervals. Concurrent with the immunization, the mice received the extract of each of the parasites (50,100. And 150 µg of protein) or placebo, throughout the study on a daily basis. The specific cellular immune responses and the anti-SRBC antibody titers were detected by footpad thickness and, microhemagglutination test, respectively. Splenocytes were also monitored for cytokine production, proliferation rate, and respiratory burst.
Results: The extracts of F. hepatica and T. circumcincta had an opposite effect on the change of the Anti-sRBC antibody level. The extract of F. hepatica caused a significant decrease in the antibody level whereas, extract T. circumcincta did not show any significant changes in the anti-SRBC antibody. Both extracts caused a significant decrease in the level of delayed-type hypersensitivity. However, the extract of F. hepatica caused a more profound reduction in the severity of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The level of IFN-γ in the splenocytes of immunized mice receiving the F. hepatica showed a more pronounced decrease than the immunized mice receiving the extract of T. circumcincta extract. IL-10 levels were only increased in the immunized mice that received the extract of F. hepatica.
Conclusion: The extract of F. hepatica may have an immunosuppressive property, while the extract of T. circumcincta may have immunomodulatory properties.
Reflection of National and Cultural Features in the Kumyk Proverbs and Sayings (Based on the Material of Paremias with the Component “Уьй” (“Home”))
Authors: Bekeeva Aigul M.
Published: February 2022

Proverbs and sayings are an ancient genre of folk art. They originated in a distant time, and have their roots deep into the centuries. Many of them appeared even when there was no written language. Proverbs and sayings characterize not only folk wisdom, but also determine the ethnic identity and national-cultural features of a particular people. Their edifying message is relevant in modern society, and the brevity and simplicity of rhyme allows people of different ethnic groups to spread on aphoristic sayings from generation to generation. The analyzed paremias containing the concept of “home” differ in thematic diversity and reflect the ethnic culture of the Kumyk people: their traditional values, worldview, religious and other foundations. The home for the native speaker of the national language consciousness is a part of the unchanging environment of a person, the sphere of his existence, as well as a source of practical use. The house is a symbol of constancy, reliability and a sense of security, belonging to the family, the genus. The system of moral and ethical values, which consists in proverbs and sayings, is the result of centuries of experience, which was formed by the people. In the modern world, when traditional values can be distorted, the study of such aphoristic genres as proverbs and sayings, in the aspect of reflecting moral, ethical and moral values in them, contributes to popular education, familiarity with certain customs that should not be dissolved in time.
Antithesis “Romantic” Dynamics – Mundane Statics in the Naturalist Prose of F. Norris (Novels “Blix” and “McTeague”)
Authors: Gadylshin Timur R.
Published: February 2022

The article seeks to explore the concepts of the romantic and the mundane in the works of the American writer Frank Norris (18701902). Basing on the two novels, “Blix” and “McTeague”, the study examines the originality of the writer’s naturalist programme. F. Norris develops a specific understanding of the romantic, viewing it as the characters’ optimistic mood, their willingness to act and change their lives for the better. This is opposed by everyday life – in the form of a familiar routine which inevitably leads to stagnation, a kind of personal catastrophe.
Teaching English to Preschool Children by Means of Children’s Authorial Animation: Experience of Application
Authors: Gordienko Irina A.
Published: February 2022

The article considers the method of children’s authorial animation as a modern means of teaching preschool children a foreign language. The purpose of the study is to determine the educational opportunities of using this method in teaching English to preschool children. Special attention is paid to the practical aspect of using animation tools in combination with traditional methods of teaching preschoolers a foreign language within the framework of the activity approach in the conditions of modern preschool education, as well as the results achieved over the two-year period of using this method.
Grammatical Parameters of Conflictogenicity: Morphological Categories of Gender and Number
Authors: Brusenskaya Lyudmila A.
Published: February 2022

The article is written at the intersection of two quite different research paradigms – expressive grammar and linguoconflictology. The communicative conflict is produced not only by known conflictogens such as invectives and obscenisms, but also by less vivid and specific means, including grammatical forms different in normativity degree. It is extremely important for the public communication harmonization to develop a methodological construct for measuring verbal conflicts and methods for predictive modeling of the cognitive structures of conflict communication. In this connection, it is important to analyze specific lexicon and grammar units able to become a source of communicative conflict. To outline the range of connotations connection with the possibility of grammatical forms to act as a factor of conflict communication is quite feasible, shown by the example of the morphological categories of gender and number. The terms “conflict-containing”, “conflict-causing”, applied to lexical units, can be extended to separate grammatical forms. Localization of attention on components of non-central zone in the totality of linguistic conflict markers introduces new materials and synthesis to the communicative conflict theory, expands the system of knowledge in the field of linguoconflictology. The same morphological form can be filled with completely different pragmatic content, since grammatical forms can be axiologized, get their own content and functional specifics in the process of expressing the author’s intentions. The conventional values of morphological forms and the permissible limits of their variation are modified according to the conditions of communication and the broad context of the situation.
USO INADEQUADO DO SERVIÇO DE PRONTO ATENDIMENTO DE UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO POR ADULTOS
Authors: Vigilato Glaci Aparecida , Da Silva Camila Mucuta , Ferreira Luana Vieira Coelho , Mendes Priscila Aguiar , Mufato Leandro Felipe , Vendramini Ana Carolina Macri Gaspar
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil de pacientes adultos atendidos em um pronto atendimento de um hospital público, as características do atendimento e a prevalência do uso inadequado deste serviço. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, com dados de pesquisa matricial realizada no pronto atendimento de um hospital público no interior de Mato Grosso, com amostra de 538 indivíduos. Foram incluídas informações referentes aos usuários com idade entre 18 a 59 anos e realizada análise descritiva. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos usuários é do sexo feminino, com idade entre 18 e 27 anos, baixa escolaridade e renda familiar. A maior procura foi às terças feiras no período vespertino por sintomas relacionados a doenças infecciosas. A prevalência do uso inadequado do serviço foi de 52,9%. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes que buscam pelo serviço são adultos jovens, mulheres, de baixa renda e escolaridade. Os motivos que tem levado os pacientes a procurar pelo serviço de pronto atendimento são inadequados.
Exposure Analysis at the territory of Nevşehir (Cappadocia) due to additive gamma-rays in air, TURKEY
Authors: TURGAY Muttalip Ergun , CİCEKFİDAN Merve , SEZGİN Nursel
Published: February 2022

Radioactivity measurements for water, soil, and air have been completed in national and international regions. The radioactivity process is randomized and occurs naturally by primordial nuclides. Another case is hand-made reactions which realized by artificial reactions. The high rate of the total dose of radiation, whichever is exposed to humans, originates as Natural Radioactivity. In this case, environmental radioactivity measurements are important to investigate the background radiation level, especially for primordial radioactive sources. This radiation which measured outdoor gamma dose includes both cosmic rays and terrestrial elements. Terrestrial radiation can be measured via gamma-ray spectroscopy separately. By the way, cosmic effects would be calculated by subtracting terrestrial from measured outdoor gamma dose. Scientific Committee (UNSCEAR, 2000) declares the annual dose for humans as 2.4 mSv. The radionuclides present in soil samples (terrestrial components) are considered responsible for a portion of this amount (1). Rest amounts are originated water (2) and air, too.
Equine-Assisted Therapy with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Serbia and the United States: A Pilot Intervention
Authors: Dawson Shay , McCormick Bryan , Tamas Daniela , Stanojevic Cedomir , Eldridge Lori , McIntire Jordan , Bowen Ashley , McKissock H. Blair
Published: February 2022

Adolescent and young adults with a diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the severe to moderate functioning range were recruited for this study in Serbia and the United States (U.S.). A total of ten participants, five from each respective country, participated in a 15- week equine-assisted therapy (EAT) intervention that utilized ground-based learning through a manualized program approach. The purpose of the study was to test the effects of a manualized 15-week EAT intervention on the social functioning of individuals with severe to moderate ASD across two cultures using a single subject research design. Nine out of 10 participants displayed improved social functioning over the course of the 15- week EAT intervention in both cultures.
Obrazy w procesach negocjacji światów społecznych
Authors: Frąckowiak Maciej , Rogowski Łukasz
Published: February 2022

Głównym celem artykułu jest próba wpisania wizualności w ramy teorii świata społecznego, proponowanej przez socjologię interpretatywną. Tekst składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej autorzy przedstawiają podstawowe założenia koncepcji świata społecznego w ujęciu fenomenologicznym. W drugiej części artykułu zarysowana zostaje koncepcja wizualności, a na jej podstawie autorzy prezentują wybrane konteksty rozważań nad przynależnymi wizualności potencjami budowania i uwspólniania światów społecznych. Część trzecia poświęcona jest zjawisku odwrotnemu – omawia przykłady procesów, w ramach których wizualność staje się pretekstem kwestionowania intersubiektywności światów społecznych. Podejmowane w artykule próby teoretyczno-egzemplifikacyjne mogą stanowić wstęp do dalszych, bardziej całościowych analiz.
Perspektywa gender w socjologii a tłumaczenia
Authors: Desperak Iza
Published: February 2022

Tekst jest poświęcony roli tłumaczeń w tworzeniu i poszerzaniu socjologicznego horyzontu poznawczego. Autorka zwraca w nim uwagę na znaczenie ilości, jakości, aktualności i dostępności przekładów na język polski oraz ich niezbędność. Analizuje funkcje tłumaczeń tekstów dydaktycznych – podręczników i zbiorów tekstów – wyznaczających, obok książek akademickich, kanony socjologicznego mainstreamu. Wskazuje, jak poszerzały one główny nurt socjologiczny o perspektywę gender, wymienia najważniejsze prace z tego zakresu. Analiza obejmuje zarówno przykłady prac do dziś nie przetłumaczonych lub przełożonych zbyt późno, a przez to nieobecnych w kanonie, jak i przetłumaczonych wystarczająco wcześnie, by wejść do kanonu.
Dlaczego polskie kobiety wchodzą do polityki
Authors: Polkowska Dominika
Published: February 2022

Tekst ten dotyczy motywów wejścia do polityki polskich posłanek V kadencji Sejmu RP. Prezentowane tutaj wnioski są częścią badań dotyczących wpływu płci na wykonywanie roli polityka. Zadaniem artykułu jest skonfrontowanie tego, co mówią badane kobiety z teoriami dotyczącymi realizacji wspólnych celów w świecie motywowanym egoistycznie. Dlatego w pierwszej części pracy odwołuję się do teorii wyboru publicznego, a następnie przedstawiam wybrane badania dotyczące udziału kobiet w polityce.W dalszej części opisuję zastosowaną w badaniach metodę (wywiad swobodny mało ukierunkowany), dokonuję charakterystyki badanej populacji oraz omawiam przebieg badania, koncentrując się na jego ograniczeniach i trudnościach. Główną część artykułu stanowią jednak wypowiedzi posłanek na temat przyczyn ich wejścia do polityki.Posłanki deklarowały różne motywy wejścia do polityki, które udało się pogrupować w siedem głównych kategorii. Najczęściej wymienianym motywem była chęć kontynuacji kariery samorządowej na szczeblu centralnym – bądź w odniesieniu do działalności samorządowej (stanowiska i funkcje w samorządzie lokalnym), bądź w odniesieniu do działalności partyjnej szczebla lokalnego (stanowiska i funkcje w partii). Drugą grupę przyczyn można ogólnie nazwać jako chęć pomocy. Wśród innych wymienianych motywów znalazły się: namowa znaczących innych, chęć bycia politykiem i sprawdzenia się w nowej sytuacji, utożsamianie swoich poglądów z programem określonej partii politycznej, rola przypadku i inne.
Emocje w polu dóbr symbolicznych. Od Leonarda da Vinci do Jerzego Dudy-Gracza
Authors: Matuchniak-Krasuska Anna
Published: February 2022

Rozważania przestawione w tym artykule sytuują się na pograniczu socjologii sztuki i socjologii emocji. Analizowana jest problematyka emocji związanych z istnieniem dzieła sztuki i pojawianiem się jego nowych wersji, pastiszów, adaptacji, co wymaga, zgodnie z koncepcją Pierre’a Bourdieu, odwołania się do miejsca w polu dóbr symbolicznych (awangarda, klasyka, kultura masowa) oraz podmiotów w tym polu (twórców, krytyków, odbiorców). Stosowane jest wielokrotne studium przypadku; w tym tekście przedmiotem analiz jest Mona Liza Leonarda da Vinci oraz jej wersje awangardowe i rozrywkowe, poczynając od Marcela Duchampa i Salvadora Dali, Fernanda Botero, Jerzego Dudy-Gracza (ujęcia artystów awangardowych) aż do licznych ujęć twórców nieznanych, ukazujących Monę Lizę jako kulturystkę, rugbystkę, łysą, utrefioną, małpę, kocicę lub wcielenie wielkich uczonych, polityków, gwiazd popkultury. Mona Liza Leonarda da Vinci sytuowała się zawsze w polu kultury prawomocnej, stanowiąc idealny przejaw wartości uznawanych, odczuwanych i realizowanych – według terminologii Stanisława Ossowskiego. Tysiące pastiszów, o różnej wartości artystycznej, usytuowanych w trzech różnych subpolach dóbr symbolicznych, świadczy o żywotności dzieła i „grach z kanonem”, choć budzi zróżnicowane emocje odbiorców współczesnych.
Socjolog w szafie. Prezentacja techniki pomocnej w badaniu ubierania się jako działania
Authors: Dowgiałło Bogna
Published: February 2022

W tekście przedstawione jest narzędzie badawcze opracowane z myślą o badaniu ubierania się jako działania społecznego. Celem artykułu jest szczegółowy opis techniki (zwanej w artykule „moja szafa”), która stanowi połączenie wywiadu i obserwacji dotyczących zawartości szafy i sposobów użytkowania znajdujących się tam ubrań. Technika ta, poprzez specyficzny dobór materiałów zastanych (ubrania w szafie) oraz etapowy scenariusz badania, umożliwia inny niż tylko dzięki zastosowaniu samego wywiadu dostęp do rzeczywistości społecznej, która toczy się bez udziału badacza. W wyniku jej zastosowania wiedza spekulatywna badanych dotycząca znaczenia ubrania zostaje skonfrontowana z wiedzą pragmatyczną wynikającą z doświadczenia użytkowania ubrań.
Anti-Drug Policies in Different Countries and Georgia: Current Situtation and Challenges
Authors: Tkeshelashvili Shota
Published: February 2022

Problems with illegal drug circulation have even become a destabilizing factor for many countries. Therefore, the topic under consideration is undoubtedly problematic. The present article according to qualitative research method focuses on the current situation, challenges and ways of solving problems regarding the drug policy in Georgia and some foreign countries. The research has shown that the problems connected to the drugs (use, sale, transportation and etc) are common to many countries and according to the existing reality, it will probably be a topic issue for a long time not only for Georgia, but also in many countries around the world. Determination of effective drug policy in Georgia is one of the most pressing problems and tasks, but resolving of issue of adequate and proper responsibility for drug use is the most urgent matter.
The Role of Needs Analysis in English for Academic Purposes in Higher Education
Authors: Leotta Paola Clara , Dolidze Tamari
Published: February 2022

Despite the established importance of English worldwide, and notwithstanding the fact that in expanding circle countries (defined as expanding or extending circle countries those countries where English is used as a foreign language), English for Academic Purposes plays an increasingly important role. Studies on the linguistic needs of university students are still lacking their perspective, at least in Italy, where students studying English language in Higher Education institutions are expected to gain access to the discourses of the academia via language competence. For this reason, the present paper reviews the theoretical and practical bases of English for Academic Purposes in order to provide further thought-provoking ideas based on a study carried out in the Italian university context. As far as method is concerned, due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was conducted through Google Forms. The results of the authors’ questionnaire model are presented and analysed for the purpose of this research. Findings demonstrate both the complex network of elements that play a significant role in determining the needs of EAP students in Italy, and the unavoidable necessity to set priorities. It is a fact that needs in a learner-centred system are not static. In addition, learning EAP is bound to mean learning to be an independent learner.
Políticas de preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais
Authors: Souza Luciana Gonçalves Silva , Aganette Elisângela Cristina
Published: February 2022

A produção de documentos em formato digital inclui uma série de ações a serem desenvolvidas pelas instituições produtoras com relação à autenticidade, confiabilidade e preservação dos conteúdos. Os documentos arquivísticos, que constituem fonte de prova das atividades organizacionais, precisam ser preservados corretamente, garantindo seu acesso futuro. As ações de preservação exigem planejamento e investimento por parte das organizações, que precisam ser amparadas por um documento bem fundamentado que inclua os objetivos e as diretrizes a serem adotadas: a política de preservação de documentos digitais. Este documento, já conhecido por grande parte dos profissionais, ainda não é adotado em grande parte das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras. O presente artigo apresenta experiências de quatro IES brasileiras que possuem uma política de preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais. Apresenta os resultados obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com os gestores responsáveis pela constituição e submissão do documento para aprovação da alta administração das IES. Buscou-se, com as experiências apresentadas, identificar ações e boas práticas a serem desenvolvidas pelas IES que ainda não iniciaram o processo de constituição deste documento, essencial ao planejamento e implementação das ações de preservação digital na organização.
A educação na era da Internet
Authors: Alves Fabio Lopes , Barros Eduardo Portanova , Abreu Claudia Barcelos de Moura , Schroeder Tania Maria Rechia
Published: February 2022

Michel Maffesoli, nascido em 14 de novembro de 1944 em Graissessac, França, é um sociólogo apaixonado pelo Brasil e vem com frequência para debates em torno de questões que envolvem o atual e o cotidiano em um tempo que ele compreende como pós-moderno. Aluno de Gilbert Durand, assumiu a cadeira de Émile Durkheim na Sorbonne (Université de Paris-Descartes) em 1981, onde permaneceu até setembro de 2014. Atualmente é professor emérito e membro honorário do Instituto Universitário da França ad vitam. Se considera um pensador da pós-modernidade ou da contemporaneidade que procura evidenciar as mutações de fundo (a raiz da vida em conjunto), pois para ele a crise atual não é apenas econômica, mas societal. Nesta entrevista, o diálogo com Maffesoli se deu a partir de quatro eixos: 1) formação acadêmica; 2) compreensão do fenômeno educacional na contemporaneidade; 3) pesquisas realizadas; e 4) reflexões em torno de aspectos políticos na contemporaneidade.  A entrevista procurou apresentar como o pensador francês compreende as mudanças que a internet trouxe para o campo da educação e, em especial, para a relação professor-aluno. No diálogo evidenciou-se também os autores que mais contribuíram com sua formação, a relação que Maffesoli estabeleceu com o pensamento de Karl Marx, Max Weber, entre outros e a compreensão sobre o ambiente universitário.
Educação e desinformação
Authors: Nagumo Estevon , Teles Lúcio França , Silva Lucélia de Almeida
Published: February 2022

A desinformação é um problema que tem se acentuado com o aumento no acesso à internet por meio das redes sociais e aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas e tem impactado na diminuição da confiança pública, na polarização da sociedade e no aumento do negacionismo científico. Neste ensaio serão abordadas 3 frentes onde a educação pode atuar para combater a desinformação: letramento midiático, confiança na ciência e a promoção de diálogo para lidar com a polarização. O letramento midiático pode fomentar uma leitura crítica da mídia para que fiquem claras as estratégias de manipulação presentes nas redes de desinformação. Para lidar com o negacionismo científico é preciso uma melhoria nas condições para o ensino de ciências nas escolas brasileiras, com mais laboratórios e uma adequação da formação docente. Uma divulgação científica popular que se aproxime do cotidiano dos alunos explorando a importância do método científico também pode contribuir para uma maior confiança na ciência. Diante da polarização da sociedade, incentivada por uma divisão política e por uma radicalização, a escola pode se contrapor com diálogo, solidariedade e tolerância. Neste cenário é preciso manter uma comunicação efetiva, muitas vezes utilizando a afetividade entre professor e aluno para melhorar a motivação e a receptividade dos questionamentos discentes. Diante de tantas mentiras, polarização e negacionismo científico promovido principalmente pelo movimento conservador de ultradireita, faz-se necessário lutar para que a escola brasileira continue sendo um espaço de promoção da ciência, do diálogo e da democracia.
Análise bibliométrica da pesquisa em educação durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Moresi Eduardo Amadeu Dutra , Pinho Isabel
Published: February 2022

O surgimento do novo coronavírus e a declaração da pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, obrigou muitos governos de diversos países a determinarem que as instituições interrompessem o ensino presencial, exigindo que estudantes e professores mudassem, quase da noite para o dia, para a educação virtual. Diante desse cenário totalmente novo e inesperado, transformações profundas ocorreram nos ambientes escolares. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os temas de pesquisa em educação durante a pandemia, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica na base Web of Science e de análise de redes de coocorrência de palavras-chave e de cocitação de referências citadas. A metodologia da pesquisa seguiu as seguintes etapas: desenho da pesquisa com a definição do objetivo e a expressão de busca; obtenção das redes de coocorrência de palavras-chave e de cocitação de referências citadas; cálculo das métricas de análise de redes – grau médio, classes de modularidade e centralidade de autovetor; identificação das palavras-chaves e das referências cocitadas com as maiores centralidades de autovetor. A pesquisa bibliográfica revelou que houve uma mobilização da comunidade científica para investigar e publicar seus resultados de pesquisas sobre o tema. As redes de coocorrência e de cocitação evidenciaram uma predominância no emprego de tecnologia da informação e comunicação para dar suporte às atividades pedagógicas, viabilizando a continuidade das atividades escolares em ambiente virtual.
Mujeres emprendedoras, orientación de rol de género y cultura emprendedora
Authors: Liñán Francisco , Jaén-Figueroa María Inmaculada , Martín Domingo
Published: February 2022

Se analiza si la orientación del rol de género (GRO) y la percepción de la cultura emprendedora afectan en el avance en las etapas del proceso emprendedor de las mujeres. Considerando una muestra de 1.195 mujeres españolas, se utilizan las escalas del test de roles sexuales de Bem y de cultura regional percibida. Los resultados confirman que las mujeres con orientación masculina o andrógina tienen más probabilidades de emprender; y, para las mujeres GRO masculinas, la percepción de una cultura emprendedora en su región fomenta el avance en el proceso emprendedor; siendo negativa para las mujeres con una GRO andrógina.
Empresas innovadoras: cómo empezar a innovar en su empresa sin gastar una fortuna y con poco riesgo. Juan Carlos Leiva Bonilla. Edición Kindle. ISBN: 978-92-64-53804-7
Authors: Puig Francisco
Published: February 2022

El libro presenta la estrategia de innovación desde la perspectiva de su implementación. Para ello el autor explica de una manera muy práctica una metodología que pretende ayudar a los gestores de las empresas a innovar gastando poco dinero y corriendo pocos riesgos. Utilizando ejemplos reales de PYMES Latinoamericanas, la lectura del libro conduce de una forma clara y entretenida hacia los temas de gestión de la innovación. Al finalizar el mismo, el lector será capaz de convertir la innovación en un hábito personal y organizacional.
Afirmar a vida no encontro entre o cinema e uma formação de professoras
Authors: Roseiro Steferson , Lourenço Suzany , Carvalho Janete
Published: February 2022

Objetiva problematizar os modos de pensar e praticar os currículos no cotidiano escolar em direção ao fortalecimento do apego à vida na escola a partir de discussões e ideias decorrentes de uma pesquisa-formação no contato com dois curtas-metragens. Metodologicamente, foram criadas redes de conversações com professoras de uma Rede Municipal de Ensino, para tensionar o limite do corpo-indivíduo em direção à produção de coletivos verdadeiramente implicados com os pensamentos curriculares, partindo de dois curtas-metragens como elementos disparadores para as conversações: L3.o (2014) e Piirongin Piiloissa (2011). Por meio das imagens-cinema apresentadas, notou-se uma movimentação do pensamento das professoras, ao atualizarem enunciações acerca da vida escolar e de seus limites, destacando as rasuras produzidas pela emoção criadora que expandem o apego à vida. Por fim, conclui que o apego à vida é necessário para liberar a vida e permitir a passagem da pulsão vital que dá acesso à potência de criação e, assim, das problematizações e criações docentes.
Perfuratividades: máquinas de guerra sonora e táticas curriculantes com o funk em um cotidiano escolar
Authors: Flávio Augusto , Jesus Rosane Meire de Vieira de
Published: February 2022

Eis uma amostra parcial da paisagem de uma pesquisa cujo enquadramento em questão são as perfurações que podem devir curriculantes nos agência/mentos musicais disseminados em cotidianos escolares. A noção de currículo que é operada ao longo da narrativa é performativa, o que implica pensar o seu discurso como um ato de poder e compor sua escritura com procedimentos de familiaridade musical, para produzir, em vez  de um documento disciplinar sobre música, uma partitura curricular, partitura que também se assemelha a um cartograma, é rizoma, e também um convite a uma performance improvisativa de pesquisa nas ambulações com os argumentos da investigação pós-qualitativa, em encontros com os conceitos de deriva, experiência, e acontecimento. E foi justamente da perfuração sonora do no agência/mento funk “Bum Bum Tam Tam” de  MC Fioti, no pátio de um colégio, e das simbioses entre estudantes e esse evento, suas plagicombinações e mixagens políticas, formasfluxos, que a pesquisa tentou partiturografar a emergência de algumas conceituações em rumo teorizante para uma ecologia estética em currículos.
Residências artísticas e currículo-experimentação: como podem nos ajudar a adiar o fim do mundo?
Authors: Fonseca Fabiola , Rodrigues de Amorim Antônio Carlos
Published: February 2022

Diante de um cenário urgente posto pelas mudanças climáticas, questionamos e pensamos, junto de Ailton Krenak e pesquisadores da filosofia da diferença, em como um currículo outro pode nos ajudar a adiar o fim do mundo. Trazemos para essa conversa as experimentações que temos feito com as residências artísticas nos laboratórios de pesquisa como possibilidade de traçar linhas de fuga, que inspiram compor currículos. Assim, experimentar é o que nos abre para as potências das coisas e o que tem nos ajudado a encontrar aberturas para outras biologias possíveis e outras formas de nos relacionarmos com espécies humanas e não humanas, seres vivos e não vivos.