bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring Sustainable Development of Economic Agents by Methods of Quality Management in the Era of Digitalization
Authors: Okrepilov Vladimir V. , Babkin Alexander V. , Zlobina Natalia V. , Kuzmina Svetlana N. , Salimova Tatiana A.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the objectively existing in modern conditions of economic agents' activity the need to introduce and apply approaches based on the use of quality management methods in internal corporate management. The authors noted that one of the global trends of the XXI century. Is the structural transformation of the world economy associated with the active development and implementation of information and telecommunication (digital) technologies in the real economic processes of both society and business. The authors assess the approach widespread in Russia based on quality management methods in the formation of control systems for the activities of economic agents of the national economy in the context of digital transformation in order to ensure their sustainable development; the analysis of the formation of promising directions for the development of communities, declared by UNESCO, in conditions of instability, complexity and uncertainty was carried out; the toolkit for digitalization of quality management of the education system is considered, in particular, the use of project-based learning to improve the quality of knowledge obtained and assess the impact on the sustainable development of universities, the education sector in general and economic agents of the national economy, taking into account digitalization and global risks. The authors see further areas of research in modeling risks and assessing their impact on ensuring sustainable development of economic agents, socio-economic processes of the national economy and society as a whole by quality management methods in the context of digitalization of the economy.
Engineering Analysis of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems at Corridor III Karachi.
Authors: Noor Nimra
Published: July 2021

A sustainable urban transport system has become a unified part of development in any country. Public adequacy of sustainable transport measures is a challenge for developing cities such as Karachi, where mobility to all income groups of the society needs to be ensured without affecting Travel Time, Cost, and Environmental stability. A process of stratified sampling and detailed survey has been carried out to examine public attitudes towards transit system execution using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) tool, which enables to assess relevant performance parameters according to the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system implementation and judge public opinion to shift from private vehicle to BRT. This paper investigates a comprehensive analysis of Public Perception regarding to the prospects of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system at Corridor III Karachi.
Optimization of software project evaluation system
Authors: . Li ding
Published: July 2021

Starting from the problems of imperfect evaluation index system, non-standard evaluation method and single factor of performance evaluation model, this paper applies the unified grey clustering analysis algorithm to establish the index system of software organization status and software project characteristics, and defines the connotation of software project performance. A new network topology design method is proposed, and a software project performance evaluation model based on fuzzy neural network is established. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced to solve the problem of determining the connection weight coefficient of the evaluation model accurately and efficiently. This paper introduces the basic concept of project performance evaluation, and explains the necessity and importance of performance evaluation in the project.
Optimize 2-D Path Planning of Mobile Robot by using ACO with Guidance Factor
Authors: Wang Li
Published: July 2021

In this research article, the path planning of a mobile robot done by using ant colony optimization (ACO) with guidance factor. A two-dimensional (2-D) threat map structure design for path planning strategy, in which threat points are fixed in the path of moving robot. The two main objective of this research; to reach the mobile robot at the target position by using optimal route using ACO strategy. Secondly, by using guidance factor all the ants of ACO arrive at the fixed targeted area. Moreover, the results of the proposed algorithm compares with the classical ant system methodology. The simulated results show that the design method has short path planning and less steady state error to reach the designated path robustly.
Impact of Load Factor on Distinct Feeders of 132/11 kV Grid Station in Distribution Network
Authors: Koondhar Mohsin Ali
Published: July 2021

This study involves a discussion of power load factors, which are important terms for power systems. The advanced load factor is suited to the power system from the power consumption site to the power station and has been studied for various feeders as Tube well, New Petaro, LMC, OCF-I, OCF-II, Old Petaro and Allama I.I Qazi of 132/11 kV grid station Jamshoro. What needs to be researched is the relatively low load factor; due to the load factor, Hyderabad Power Supply Company faces many problems such as transformer tripping, conductive heat up equipments, breakdown of insulation & reactive power failure, all of which are bad main cause of distribution system. To analyse the load impact on the distribution losses of the 07 feeders on the 132/11 kV gird station during collection & to investigate the power loss caused by load factor, the calculated peak power & minimum load data loss sources at distinct load times. After analysis, it is proved that reducing peak load to minimize peak demand and minimum load during peak period, increase b/w average load during bed period and stabilize the power distribution system to improve load factor and increase unit load factor savings are done.
Voltage Control and Power Loss Reduction in an Active Distribution Network using Solid State Transformers
Authors: Shah Syed Faizan Ali , Sajjad Dr. Malik Intisar Ali , Khan Muhammad Faisal Nadeem , Farooq Haroon , Rasool Akhtar
Published: July 2021

Power losses in a distribution network accounts for a major part of energy loss in the overall system. Reduction in power losses can make the power system more energy efficient. This paper analyzes the reactive power support capabilities of Solid-State Transformer (SST) by adopting controls on both sides of SST. Moreover, a Moth swarm algorithm is used for selecting the optimal values of phase angles and modulation coefficients of the Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) on both sides of SST. Results show superior performance of the presented reactive power management scheme in terms of voltage violation and power loss of the system. Moreover, bidirectional power flow enables flexible operation of renewable energy sources (RES). Finally, the performance of the control scheme and optimization algorithm is tested on a modified IEEE 33-bus system using MATLAB.
Estimating Traffic Density, Trends and the Impact of BRT Construction on Traffic Junctions of Karachi Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Akbar Imran
Published: July 2021

Everyone must commute on a daily basis to work, get educated, buy necessities, seek entertainment or visit friends and family. Thus, transport infrastructure has become an integral or most probably the most important aspect of urban design. Major cities of the world have a mass transit system or even multimodal transport system to cater for the transportation needs of their citizens. Karachi a mega polis city of approximately 23 million residents lacks a properly coordinated and well scheduled transportation mechanism. Therefore, its residents primarily rely on their own means to fulfill their commuting needs resulting in heavy traffics and very significant time delays on its roads. These time delays and rush hour frustrations in turn have a negative impact on the overall productivity and psychological and social well-being of the populace. The government has in recent years taken up this matter seriously and begun construction of Bus Rapid Transit systems along various major traffic corridors of Karachi. The purpose of this thesis was to study the change of traffic behavior in recent years, traffic density variations and the impact on transportation road might have along its corridors using geospatial techniques. The results of this study showed that daily average passenger commutes experienced an increase of approximately 58.4% from 2012 to 2017 and that major mode of transportation shifted from public transit vehicles to private ones specially motorcycles resulting in unfavorable occupancy to PCU ratio. This in turn has adversely affected the traffic density of the city. This congestion can only see some relief when the BRT becomes operational.
Preliminary Condition Analysis of Samadhi Dewan Sawan Mal, Multan
Authors: Qamar Jahanzaib , Gulzar Dr. Saima , Iqbal Zahid
Published: July 2021

Historic structures are unparalleled jewels of the past embedded in the built environment. They integrate the present society with the past and future through its historic fabric existence over the decades. The negligence due to the economic dilemma in our part of the world is one of the major reasons of the disappearance of many such historic structures. Building condition assessment tool is very useful in decision making for such historic structures that can be saved for the future generations within the available resources through the maintenance prioritization listing developed regionally. The presented research was carried out on one of the historic structure Samadhi Dewan Mal situated in Multan (which is known as the city of saints). The city of Multan displays rich historical evidences in the form of tombs, mosques, historic residential houses, palaces, temples and archaeological sites. Through the visual analysis in addition to the damage identification and observations maintenance matrix was developed for different parts of the historic structure that can be replicated for other structures/ sites as well to stop further destruction of neglected heritage. The concluded rating of Samadhi Dewan Mal placed it in medium condition that needs repair strategy to regenerate its original essence with authenticity.
Performance Evaluation of MRMED Algorithm by Monitoring BER
Authors: RIZWAN-UL-HASAN SYED , Tahir Muhammad
Published: July 2021

In this research work, we have developed a communication system (transmitter / receiver) to control peak to average power (PAPR) with  small bit error rate (BER) for a 4G system called multicode code division multiple access (MCCDMA). Proposed communication system works on modified Reed Muller encoded data (MRMED) string. In MRMED data is first encoded with Reed Muller (RM) code. Thereafter, encoded RM message is XORed with optimal binary string, which results lower Peak to Average Power ratio (PAPR).  A well-known fact is that, bit error rate (BER) is the best performance measurement tool for a communication system. To check the integrity of our communication system, we have run the simulation for monitoring BER using MRMED sequence. Simulation work conducted, with multipath Rayleigh fading, Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) modulation and several orders of RM codes. Our results show that implementing MRMED sequences of the suggested MCCDMA communication structure, returns noticeable lower BER. For instance, in case of RM(1,4), that has error improvement proficiency of 3 (three) errors , returns BER = 8.2x10−5 adopting MSK, at SNR = 12dB. Similarly, for RM(2,3), which has error improvement efficiency of 0  error and shows distinct BER of 4.9x10−4 at  12dB (SNR).In addition to using simulation for checking BER performance of our communication system, we have also shown in our results that, as the error improvement capability of different RM codes surges, correspondingly we get a lower BER.
Parametric Comparison of Selected Dual Elements PIR Sensors
Authors: Rafique Faisal , Siddiqui Najeeb
Published: July 2021

Most of the warm blooded animals emanatethermal radiations in the MWIR to LWIR (Medium Wave toLong Wave Infrared) range from 3μm to 18μm. If the object iswarmer than the surroundings, its thermal radiation is shiftedtoward higher frequency within the band and the thermal fluxrate becomes stronger. To detect radiation in this band, singleand multi-elements pyroelectric sensors utilized in the scanningsystems to detect, with background contrast, the presence of stillor moving thermal objects emitting thermal flux in thebandwidth specified. PIR sensors are commonly used to detectthese radiation, their response is further processed by electronicsystems and generally analyzed by software embedded systems.Here we present a comparative study of commercially availablePIR sensors. In this study we evaluated dual element PIR sensorsfor their electrical and thermal parameters. Two types of testprocedures were used, which can be used for any type of PIRsensors.
Introducing Primality Testing Algorithm with an Implementation on 64 bits RSA Encryption Using Verilog
Authors: Shams Rehan , Khan Fozia Hanif , Jillani Umair , Umair M.
Published: July 2021

A new structure to develop 64-bit RSA encryption engine on FPGA is being presented in this paper that can be used as a standard device in the secured communication system. The RSA algorithm has three parts i.e. key generation, encryption and decryption. This procedure also requires random generation of prime numbers, therefore, we are proposing an efficient fast Primality testing algorithm to meet the requirement for generating the key in RSA algorithm. We use right-to-left-binary method for the exponent calculation. This reduces the number of cycles enhancing the performance of the system and reducing the area usage of the FPGA. These blocks are coded in Verilog and are synthesized and simulated in Xilinx 13.2 design suit.
Maximum Likelihood Decoder for Variable Length Codes
Authors: Misbahuddin Syed , Simsim Mohammed Talal
Published: July 2021

Variable Length Codes (VLC) are used to transfer same amount of digital information in relatively short period of time. In variable length coding, the characters with higher probability of occurrence are assigned shorter bits sequence and the characters with less probability of occurrence are assigned relatively longer bits sequence. However, due to variable length nature of codes, the decoding circuitry at the receiving end loses the synchronization due to single or multiple bit inversions. This typically happens when data is transmitted through a Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC). This paper investigates synchronizing scheme to control the error propagation due to single or multiple bit inversions through BSC. The hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm has been presented using a hardware description language. The functional level simulation of the implementation is discussed to test the proposed algorithm.
Wireless Security Threats
Authors: Jilani Umair , Khan Muhammad Umar , Afroz Adnan , Ahmed Khawaja Masood
Published: July 2021

Wireless Communication Technologies hascompletely revolutionized the world. Wireless CommunicationTechnologies provide ease to the users such as portability of thedevices and mobile access to the internet. These portable wirelessdevices include PDAs, laptops, smart phones etc. offers somevaluable features. These features include accessing the e-mails,SMS, MMS, calendars, addresses, phone numbers list and theinternet. These entire devices store large amount of data and theirwireless connection to network spectrum exhibit them asimportant source of computing. These devices are alwaysvulnerable to attacks. Mobile devices are the new frontier forviruses, spam and other potential security threats. All theseviruses, spam, Trojans and worms are out there in our vicinity togain access to our personal data. This research aims to analyze thethreats of viruses in the wireless communication systems andsecurity including their role in the service outbreak, laying downthe possible scenarios and also identifying possible remedies.
Bio-Mimetic Vision System For Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation
Authors: Safwan Muhammad , Zaheen Muhammad Yasir , Ahmed M. Anwar , Kamal Muhammad Shujaat , Kumar Raj
Published: July 2021

Bio-Mimetic Vision System (BMVS) for AutonomousMobile Robot Navigation encompasses three major fields, namelyrobotics, navigation and obstacle avoidance. Bio-mimetic vision isbased on stereo vision. Summation of Absolute Difference (SAD)is applied on the images from the two cameras and disparity mapis generated which is then used to navigate and avoid obstacles.Camera calibration and SAD is applied on Matlab software.AT89C52 microcontroller, along with Matlab, is used to efficientlycontrol the DC motors mounted on the robot frame. It is observedfrom experimental results that the developed system effectivelydistinguishes objects at different distances and avoids them whenthe path is blocked.
Pattern Recognition for Healing Burns to Compute Evidence: Space Syntax and Machine Learning Analysis of Burns Center Karachi
Authors: Shaikh Javaria Manzoor , Park JaeSeung
Published: July 2021

Usually elongated hospitalization is experienced byBurn patients, and the precise forecast of the placement of patientaccording to the healing acceleration has significant consequenceon healthcare supply administration. Substantial amount ofevidence suggest that sun light is essential to burns healing andcould be exceptionally beneficial for burned patients andworkforce in healthcare building. Satisfactory UV sunlight isfundamental for a calculated amount of burn to heal; this delicaterather complex matrix is achieved by applying patternclassification for the first time on the space syntax map of the floorplan and Browder chart of the burned patient. On the basis of thedata determined from this specific healthcare learning technique,nurse can decide the location of the patient on the floor plan, hencepatient safety first is the priority in the routine tasks by staff inhealthcare settings. Whereas insufficient UV light and vitamin Dcan retard healing process, hence this experiment focuses onmachine learning design in which pattern recognition andtechnology supports patient safety as our primary goal. In thisexperiment we lowered the adverse events from 2012- 2013, andnearly missed errors and prevented medical deaths up to 50%lower, as compared to the data of 2005- 2012 before this techniquewas incorporated.In this research paper, three distinctive phases of clinicalsituations are considered—primarily: admission, secondly: acute,and tertiary: post-treatment according to the burn pattern andhealing rate—and be validated by capable AI- origin forecastingtechniques to hypothesis placement prediction models for eachclinical stage with varying percentage of burn i.e. superficialwound, partial thickness or full thickness deep burn. Conclusivelywe proved that the depth of burn is directly proportionate to thedepth of patient’s placement in terms of window distance. Ourfindings support the hypothesis that the windowed wall is mosthealing wall, here fundamental suggestion is support vectormachines: which is most advantageous hyper plane for linearlydivisible patterns for the burns depth as well as the depth map isused.
Optimizing the Material, Inter-distance and Temperature Effect of Intramuscular Electrodes used to Stimulate the Thoracic Diaphragm
Authors: Fatima Uruj , Woo Sang Hyo , Kim Jee Hyun , Cho Jin Ho , Qadri M. Tahir , Din Zia Mohy-Ud-
Published: July 2021

The technique of electrically stimulating thethoracic diaphragm is conducted by implanting a diaphragmaticpacemaker, in which the phrenic nerve is stimulated, resulting instimulating the diaphragm. A diaphragmatic pacemaker isusually implanted for a long period of time. Intramuscularelectrodes can be used for stimulating the diaphragm, for suchconditions in which phrenic nerve stimulation cannot be done.The material and inter-distance of the stimulation electrodes arevery important in order to stimulate the diaphragm in efficientmanner. This paper explains the Optimization of material, interdistanceand temperature effect of intramuscular electrodes usedto stimulate the thoracic diaphragm. A model has beenconstructed and simulated on the software COMSOL Multiphysics,whose results shows that the threshold musclestimulation is achieved when 1 volt is applied at the electrode, 15cm apart from each other. The result further suggested that thiskind of electrical stimulation cannot produce significant thermaleffect on the tissues.
Barrier free visibility for staff in ICU Focused on space syntax for circulation in Asian ICU
Authors: Shaikh Javaria Manzoor
Published: July 2021

The main contribution of paper is for designersthrough identification of appropriate shape geometry required forcare givers in a hospital by using space syntax technique.Healthcare management field is at a boom now a days, andfacilitating nurse is one of the important aspect coming up infuture, thus a lot of new courses in this field are also beenintroduced and management is in demand. Focus is on creatingthe optimal conditions for innovation in healthcare, which hasmore to do with team dynamics and mindset than standardprocesses and tools. Researchers are rigorously working toimprove patient safety by increasing and improving interface withnurse. This study systematically analyses the Nurse Stationtypo-morphology, and simulates nurse vision. The visualconnectivity is measured on depth map graphs. Hence the aim isto reduce staff stress and fatigue by support space distribution byincreasing effectiveness in delivering care. A depth mapcomparative analysis of three types of the Surgical Intensive CareUnit (SICU), Medical Intensive Care Unit MICU and CriticalCare Unit CCU found at hospitals Hallym University MedicalCenter, South Korea (HUMC), is analyzed here. Concussively, itwas proved that L-Shape provides maximum visibility, where as Ishape provides vast vista of a panoramic view from the NurseStation.
Benchmarking of Data Communication Protocol for Integration of Telecontrol Interface with RTU
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Khan Nishat Ahmad , Chowdhry B. S.
Published: July 2021

The outcome of this research work is focused onoptimized the design of wireless link for an FPGA based RemoteTerminal Unit (RTU). A situation representing multiple RTUscommunicating with one Telecontrol Interface (TCI) developedto address optimized implementation of wireless SCADA. It wasthen further verified by means of benchmarking. The hardwareimplementation and verification of this particular RTU designhas been done using a starter kit based on XILINX Spartan-3Series FPGA with 500K logic gates and MHX-2400 frequencyhopping2.4 GHz spread-spectrum communications modulewhich is used as Telecontrol Interface. The FPGA based RTU isflexible in terms of I/Os, CPU and radio related configurationsand any expansion in design can be accommodated quickly ifneeded as FPGA based designs are reconfigurable. However, theintegration of MHX-2400 had been examined and found suitableas Telecontrol Interface for this development.
Loss Analysis in Optical Fiber Transmission
Authors: Mushtaque Anusha , Memon Abi Waqas , Mushtaq Zarlish , Memon Aftab A. , Chowdhry B. S.
Published: July 2021

Most of telecommunication traffic (voice and data)around the globe is carried over the optical fiber cable. Theinternational traffic through various countries is carried overoptical fiber cables laid under the sea. Similarly the long-haultraffic within the country is through optical fiber laidunderground. Stress, strain, humidity, temperature, bending atacute angles affects the propagation of light energy in the opticalfiber cable. All such factors increase the optical loss andattenuate the signal. The attenuation, especially in the long-haulcommunication increases the bit error rate and degrades thequality of service. In this paper, different optical losses areanalyzed by setting up several experiments at a single modeoptical fiber spool of 4 km. The optical fiber segment wassubjected to various stress, temperatures and acute bendingconditions. The resulting losses and degradation of the signal wasmeasured using OTDR and Power meter.
Controlling Self-Directed Vehicle via Webpage using Raspberry Pi Lighttpd Webserver
Authors: Baloch Wajeeh , Shanker Bhawani , Ghulamani Sumbul
Published: July 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) and Tele-Robotics aremost advanced technologies that provide a vision where anyobject in this world can be connected to anything else. Thesetechnologies enable us to build communication among variousentities such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) devices, homeappliances, medical equipment, RFIDs etc. An intelligent Self-Directed Vehicle (SDV) incorporated with features of Internet ofThings (IoT) is presented in this work. In order to manuallycontrol the SDV, a web page (embedded with google maps) isdeveloped and uploaded on Lighttpd server on Raspberry Pi.Lighttpd server can act like a normal apache server. User cannavigate SDV manually using maneuvering control buttons. Theonboard camera provides visual awareness. This technology canbe utilized and implemented in a number of areas such asmilitary, where SDV can undertake missions like dronesurveillance, border patrol etc. Furthermore, our work highlightsthe use of webservers for interconnecting devices and describesthe use of internet to control SDV from a remote end withRaspberry Pi Lighttpd Web Server.
Impact of reformed RM Encoded data on PAPR of Multicode CDMA under MSK
Authors: Hasan S. Rizwan-ul- , Siddiqui Najeeb , Ahmed Shakil
Published: July 2021

In this research work, the effect of ReformedReed Muller Encoded Data (RRMED) on Peak to Average PowerRatio (PAPR) of Multicode Code Division Multiple Access(MC-CDMA) systems was studied under Minimum Shift Keying(MSK) modulation. Simulation studies revealed thatimplementation of RRMED on PAPR with MSK modulation cansave up to 7dB of transmitter power compared to the un-codedPAPR of MC-CDMA systems.Simulation results further proved that MSK modulation alsoplays an important role in reducing PAPR as compared to binaryPhase Shift Keying (PSK).
Identification of Factors Affecting Construction Productivity in Pakistan Industry
Authors: Anees Muneer , Saqib Muhammad , Memon Darya
Published: July 2021

Construction productivity is significantrequirement which is point of focus for every constructionmanager. The main purpose of this study is to understand andhighlight the factors which affect the labor productivity inPakistan focusing Karachi which is the financial hub of thecountry. Karachi generates a big chunk of revenue andcontributes to gross domestic product (GDP) of Pakistan. Themain objective of this study is to identify the main factorsaffecting labor productivity of contractor, consultant andperspective of client. The data collection was carried out by onehundred sixty (160) questionnaire surveys. The results showedthat feeble management and worst site conditions are solelyresponsible for degradation in both efficiency and output of theproject.
A Novel Minimization Method for Sensor Deployment Via Heuristic 2-Sat Solution
Authors: Ahmed Waleed , Ali Rushdi Ali Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The tasks of guard placement or sensor deployment in an art gallery, a museum or in the corridors of public and security buildings pose the same problem, which requires placing the guards or sensors so as to cover a specified set of nodes with a minimum number of sensors or guards, thereby reducing the overall cost of the system as well assist power consumption. Generally, minimization can be done using optimization techniques such as linear programming, but in case of sensor deployment or guard placement there is a need either to place or not to place the sensor or guard, and hence only Boolean or binary values are used. Therefore, in order to optimize such a problem, we use the special case of linear integer programming known as Boolean integer linear programming (0-1 ILP). Other algorithms like Pseudo-Boolean SAT Solvers can also be used for the minimization purpose. In this paper, we introduce these minimization algorithms for the sensor deployment problem. We also contribute a greed-based heuristic, which utilizes the fact that the pertinent propositional formulas have variables of purely un-complemented literals. This heuristic has much less computational cost compared to those of 0-1 ILP and the Pseudo-Boolean SAT Solvers.
3D VIEW: Designing of a Deception from Distorted View-dependent Images and Explaining interaction with virtual World
Authors: Ali Syed Muhammad , Mahmood Zeeshan , Qadri Dr. Tahir
Published: July 2021

This paper presents an intuitive and interactive computer simulated augmented reality interface that gives the illusion of a 3D immersive environment. The projector displays a rendered virtual scene on a flat 2D surface (floor or table) based on the user’s viewpoint to create a head coupled perspective. The projected image is view-dependent which changes and deforms relative to user’s position in space. The nature of perspective projection is distorted and anamorphic such that the deformations in the image give an illusion of a virtual three dimensional holographic scene in which the objects are popping out or floating above the projection plane like real 3D objects. Also, the user can manipulate and interact with 3D objects in a virtual environment by controlling the position and orientation of 3D models, interacting with GUI incorporated in virtual scene and can view, move, manipulate and observe the details of objects from any angle naturally by using his hands. The head and hand tracking is achieved by a low cost 3D depth sensor ‘Kinect’. We describe the implementation of the system in OpenGL and Unity3D game engine. Stereoscopic 3D along with other enhancements are also introduced which further improves the 3D perception. The approach does not require head mounted displays or expensive 3D hologram projectors as it is based on perspective projection technique. Our experiments show the potential of the system providing users a powerful, realistic illusion of 3D.
Implementation of Fruit Grading & Sorting Station Using Digital Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Abro Ghulame Mustafa , Kumar Kundan
Published: July 2021

No doubt that today's technology has approximately solved many common as well as complex issues. Engineers and researchers are always in the quest for the best, brief and efficient methods to cope up the real world problems, hence fruit grading and sorting are one of the problems in export/import industry. In this regard industry requires a station that can check the skin of fruit, i.e. an apple whether it has rotten spots on it or not beside this whole procedure this specific station will also check the radius of an apple for sorting it further for packaging process. This whole procedure will be followed by a running conveyor belt, 2 AC plungers and a wooden box in between them, which will have 5 Mega pixel camera mounted on it. The camera will be triggered by a brief algorithm of digital image processing designed on the platform of MATLAB R2015a version and conclude whether the fruit, i.e. an apple is healthy or having some rotten spots on its skin. Once results are shown, then the algorithm will activate the respective plunger for grading and sorting of apples.
Detection and Measurement of Displacement and Velocity of Single Moving Object in a Stationary Background
Authors: R. Almaddah Amr Reda. , Ahmad Tauseef , Dubai Abdullah
Published: July 2021

The traditional Harris detector are sensitive to noise and resolution because without the property of scale invariant.  In this research, The Harris corner detector algorithm is improved, to work with multi resolution images, the technique has also been working with poor lighting condition by using histogram equalization technique. The work we have done addresses the issue of robustly detection of feature points, detected multiple of local features are characterized by the intensity changes in both horizontal and vertical direction which is called corner features.  The goal of this work is to detect the corner of an object through the Harris corner detector with multiple scale of the same image. The scale invariant property applied to the Harris algorithm for improving the corner detection performance in different resolution of the same image with the same interest point. The detected points represented by two independent variables (x, y) in a matrix (x, y) and the dependent variable f are called intensity of interest points. Through these independent variable, we get the displacement and velocity of object by subtracting independent variable f(x,y) at current frame from the previous location f ̀((x,) ̀(y,) ̀) of another frame. For further work, multiple of moving object environment have been taken consideration for developing algorithms.
Designing, Planning & Implementation of IT Infrastructure & Security for A Brokerage House
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Rafiq Asim , Hassan Danish
Published: July 2021

M-Commerce is widely known as wireless networktechnology, use as the essential means of communication forbusiness transactions. Mobile commerce is seen as anaugmentation of E-commerce empowered by cell phones.Transactions either indirectly or directly carried out orsupported through mobile phones. ABC Brokerage House is thepioneer in Online Trading Services. In online trade, customerscan trade using the online trade software and website. Beforeswitching users, from traditional trading system to mobiletrading system, the weaknesses of infrastructure, securitybreaches, and risk factors should be considered carefully. Theinfrastructure solution should be designed with respect tointeroperability, security, scalability, non-repudiation of ABCBrokerage House on the behalf of best practices for MobileCommerce Trading System. The solution has its distributednature and is a suitable architecture for managing businessprocesses of ABC Stock Brokerage House. The solution is wellplanned, designed and it is in accordance with ISOrecommendation. The solution provides more flexibility and alsoprovides redundancy by using clustering of database server. Theproposed solution provides more flexibility and also providesredundancy plan and clustering of database server. This solutionalso switches ABC Brokerage House infrastructure to the realworld infrastructure by removing risk factors and implementingthe latest technologies.
Gesture Based Communication System for Vocally Impaired.
Authors: Siddiqui Noman Ahmed , Siddique Ali Akbar , Farooq Fahad , Qadri M. Tahir
Published: July 2021

Inability to speak or to talk is called muteness ormutism; often caused by speech disorder, loss of hearing or insome cases, surgery. The families of these people suffering fromsuch disease often learn sign languages like American SignLanguage (ASL) to communicate, but if a mute person meetssomeone who doesn’t know ASL then there will be acommunication barrier between them. So, to overcome thiscommunication barrier we require a system through which amute person can communicate with everyone, hence breakingdown a speech barrier. In this regard, we proposed a systembased on image processing to identify the sign and perform somecommon speech patterns using the speaker.
Tackling Demolition Waste – An en route to Sustainable Development
Authors: Qamar Nadia , Khurram Ayesha Alam
Published: July 2021

In Pakistan, construction and demolition waste(CDW) is generated in voluminous amount each year. CDW iswidely ill-handled and ultimately fed to landfills causing harm tothe already alarming environmental conditions. In order tosearch for the solution of this drastic matter, a study was done,which is explained in this paper. This paper presents the studydone at a demolition site near Karachi, in Sindh while thedemolition works were being carried out. At the site there wereold barracks which were being demolished. Before the demolitionworks were commenced, the site was surveyed and structuralcomponents of the barracks were counted and their dimensionswere measured. When the demolition was over, the demolishedwaste was calculated which comprised of concrete and masonryrubble, steel round bars, steel doors, steel windows, steel ceiling,steel girders, steel main gate, and plastic water tank. This studyinterpreted that construction and demolition (C&D) works wereprogressing considering the works’ deadline and the clients’requirements but the ecosystem’s ecology and the environmentalhealth were not taken into account. Recommendations are madeto handle CDW properly throughout its lifecycle. Theserecommendations aim to provide technological and logicalsolutions to grip CDW. The recommendations include wastereduction and reusing waste, life cycle assessment and costing,environmental and economic impact, material flow analysis, andadvanced computerized-tools.
Factors Affecting the Need for Feasibility Analysis (For Local Construction Projects)
Authors: Anees Muneer , Hussain Syed Mustafa , Khan Kamran , Abbas Agha Taqi
Published: July 2021

In Pakistan, the majority of the local constructionprojects are opted without feasibility analysis on the basis ofpreviously worked data without examining the current scenario.However, for foreign-funded project feasibility analysis alongwith standard guidelines is conducted, but in case of domesticallyfunded projects, it is often omitted. This research has uncoveredcritical factors affecting feasibility for the local constructionindustry of Pakistan. Field data are extracted from ongoingconstruction projects which are domestically funded. RelativeImportance Index (RII) analysis was carried out first to rank thefactors in terms of their perceived importance. Spearman’s rankcorrelation analysis was also done in this regard. The findings ofthe study might promote construction practitioners to focus onthe need for feasibility analysis for local projects too.
Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Classifiers for Brain Tumor MR Images
Authors: Farhi Lubna , Zia Razia , Ali Zain Anwar
Published: July 2021

Brain cancer has remained one of the key causes ofdeaths in people of all ages. One way to survival amongst patientsis to correctly diagnose cancer in its early stages. Recentlymachine learning has become a very important tool in medicalimage classification. Our approach is to examine and comparevarious machine learning classification algorithms that help inbrain tumor classification of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images.We have compared Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-nearestNeighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine(SVM) and Naïve Bayes (NB) classifiers to determine theaccuracy of each classifier and find the best amongst them forclassification of cancerous and noncancerous brain MR images.We have used 86 MR images and extracted a large number offeatures for each image. Since the equal number of images, havebeen used thus there is no suspicion of results being biased. Forour data set the most accurate results were provided by ANN. Itwas found that ANN provides better results for medium to largedatabase of Brain MR Images.
Low Power Design of 40 Gigabit Ethernet Media Access Controller Using Hyper Transport Protocol IO Standard
Authors: Das Bhagwan , Abdullah M.F.L , Pandey Bishwajeet
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the low power design requirement forthe communication equipment is becoming essential for greencommunication systems. The Ethernet Media Access Controller(EMAC) is an important source interfacing the physical devices.However, the high-speed data operation consumes an enormouspower. This limits the performance of existing Ethernet MediaAccess Controllers in real-time. In this work, a novel low powerdesign of 40G EMAC is developed using Hyper TransportProtocol (HTP) IO standard technique. The designed 40G EMACis developed using Xilinx and tested for high frequencies of 5THz, 10 THz, and 15 THz. The developed 40G EMAC using HTPIO standard is consuming less power for THz frequencies. It isalso demonstrated that 70% power reduction is archived for5THz, and for 10 THz and 15 THz, 69% and 68/% powerreduction is attained respectively for 40G HTP based EMAC.The developed EMAC can be used in existing communicationsystem in order to make the green networking.
Prototyping Non-holonomic Hovercraft for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance
Authors: Abro Ghulam -e-Mustafa , Anwar Ali Zain , Jabeen Bazgha
Published: July 2021

— By definition, autonomous control systems are thesystems that sense the physical quantities from their environmentand may execute any dirty, difficult, dull and dangerous taskwithout any intervention. These systems are mostly used in thetransportation of large packages from one place to anotherautonomously by selecting the shortest path, accurate speed andobstacle avoidance. This paper describes the development offuzzy based PID control algorithm to tackle the dynamicconstraints of localization for proposed non-holonomichovercraft. Furthermore, in order to monitor the hovercraft thatwhether it is hovering in a familiar or strange environment;paper suggests the incorporation of digital image processingtechnique which will regularly correlate, the images beingcaptured by the prototype. Moreover, paper methodology alsoprovides the deployment way along with the interfacingtechniques of some configurable sensors, which will share theinformation related to the surroundings of hovercraft usinginternet of things (IoT).
A Conceptual System on Ubiquitous Cardiovascular Health-Care System (UCHS)
Authors: Saeed Soobia
Published: July 2021

In a cardio center, heart-care monitoring system,it is essential to continually monitor the patient's physiologicalparameters such as heart patient parameters like heart rate andblood pressure to control their health conditions on an immediatebasis. In this research work, a Ubiquitous CardiovascularHealth-Care System (UCHS) model is proposed that focuses thecollaboration and mobility features in the proportion of workinginside and outside of the hospital to interact with each other. Theresearch study presents a model of a wearable UCHS, using anElectrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensors.The model suggests an uninterruptible healthcare system basedon the ubiquitous wearable system being used to control cardiacissues to access, updated patient medical records anytime andanywhere. The physiological measurements of ECG data andother body activities data are transmitted for remote monitoringto the doctor's ubiquitous wearable device through the basestation, based on the ad-hoc network using IEEE 802.15.4 and tohospital main-server.
Impact of Sales Force Automation System on Performance of Salesman: Pakistani Companies’ Perspective
Authors: Naqvi Adeel , Akber Imad-ud-din
Published: July 2021

Rapid growth in advance technologies haschanged the life of sales force. Sales Force Automation (SFA) ismarketing tool which provides the functions to sales team andmanagers to monitor sales, forecast sales and analyze employeeperformance. Acceptance of the SFA tools such as phone, pagers,wireless devices etc., in sales tasks will remain an issue for salesforce. Researcher wants to investigate the impact of SFA systemon performance of salesman from Pakistani Fast MovingConsumer Goods (FMCG) perspective. They have selected 162salespersons from Lahore based companies (who are usingautomated sales devices), and sample size and MANOVA(Multivariate Analysis of Variance) were utilized to find out therelationship between independent and dependent variables. Ithas found that SFA system has positive relationship withimprovement in performance and sales of salesforce.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) the African Story: A Review
Authors: H Sule , AS Kumurya , MY Gwarzo , H Yahaya , LD Rogo
Published: July 2021

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a global health threat that put panic in the minds of people worldwide. Although, the disease originate from China, but its effect covers the whole world. This review is to assess the effect of COVID-19 in the African continent. Data from already published researches were obtained, through which it was found that, Africa had its first confirmed index case of COVID-19 on the 14th of February, 2020, from Egypt, second case on 25th February, 2020, from Algeria while the 3rd was in Nigeria on the 27th of the same month. From there, the cases continue to spread throughout the continent. The review also highlighted on some factors that were thought can put Africa at higher risk of COVID-19; these include Africa China relation, which accounts for an average of 8 flights per day between the two regions, according to an investigation in 2018; endemic diseases that are common in the region and inefficient health system, among others. It was also observed according to the review that, world health organization (WHO) tried to upgrade the laboratory capacity for COVID-19 test in the continent at the time the disease hit the region. For that reason, between February 2nd and 10th March 2020, the laboratory capacity for COVID-19 test were raised, from 2 to 40 across the continent, WHO also provided 42,000 PCR test kits and 195,000 sample collection kits at around the same time. According to the review, as reported in WHO corona virus disease situation report of 9th July, 2020, at a point, in the progress of the disease in Africa, there were 493,131 cases with 11,643 deaths, indicating 25% cases increase and 18% deaths increase over a week. Based on the review, it can be concluded that, African countries are also victims of COVID-19, as a lot of them are still battling with the disease to date.
Radioisotope research and development at the Linear Accelerator of the Institute for Nuclear Research of RAS
Authors: Zhuikov B L , Ermolaev S V
Published: July 2021

Radioisotope research at the linear accelerator of INR RAS has been developing since 1989. In 1992, a facility for the irradiation of isotope targets and radioisotope production was built, operating on a diverted proton beam with an energy of 160 MeV and a current of more than 120 μA, which was the most productive facility in the world at that time. The facility is used for both fundamental and applied research. The main focus is the study of the processes of the generation and recovery of medical radioisotopes, as well as the development of technology for their production. The main radionuclides produced now are strontium-82 and actinium-225. A Russian 82 Sr/82 Rb generator for PET-diagnostics has been developed by INR RAS and is being introduced for medicine. New types of 225Ac/213Bi generators are also being developed for the treatment of oncological diseases. In addition, the study of the process for the production and chemical recovery of medical radionuclides 117mSn, 68 Ge, 72Se, 64, 67Cu, 223Ra, 230 Pa, and 230U is being carried out, as is the study of some generators with some of these isotopes. The technology developed at INR is used in Russia and abroad. Physical processes of proton interaction with different nuclei are also investigated in the laboratory of the radioisotope complex of INR RAS. The produced 22Na, 83Rb, 109Cd, and radioactive sources with these radionuclides are used in physical research and technology.