bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Priorities for research in child and adolescent anxiety and depression: a priority setting partnership with youth and professionals
Authors: Axelsdóttir Brynhildur , Eidet Lise Mette , Thoner Ragnhild , Biedilæ Sølvi , Borren Ingrid , Elvsåshagen Mari , Ludvigsen Kristine Horseng , Dahlgren Astrid
Published: December 2021

Background: A starting point for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments should be to identify evidence gaps. Furthermore, such evaluations should consider the perspectives of patients, clinicians and carers to ensure relevance and potentially influence future research initiatives.

Methods: Our approach, inspired by the James Lind Alliance methods, involved three steps. First, we performed a document analysis by identifying interventions and outcomes in two recently published overviews of systematic reviews, which summarised the effects of interventions for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Second, we surveyed children and adolescents with personal experiences of depression or anxiety as well as clinicians, and asked them to suggest treatments and outcomes associated with uncertainty. Finally, we facilitated a consensus process where clinicians and youth mental health patient representatives were invited to prioritise research uncertainties in separate consensus processes.

Results: The survey included 674 respondents who reported a total of 1267 uncertainties. Independent coding by four investigators revealed 134 suggestions for treatments of anxiety, 90 suggestions for treatments of depression, 84 for outcomes of interventions for anxiety and 71 suggestions for outcomes of interventions for depression. Two separate priority setting workshops with eight clinicians and ten youth resulted in four independent top ten priority lists.

Conclusion: Top ten lists of treatments and outcome domains of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents was identified by youth and clinicians. The results may influence the research agenda, and ultimately benefit patients.
The timing of use of risk stratification tools affects their ability to predict mortality from sepsis. A meta-regression analysis.
Authors: Flint Molly , Hamilton Fergus , Arnold David , Carlton Edward , Hettle David
Published: December 2021

Background:

Risk stratification tools (RSTs) are used in healthcare settings to identify patients at risk of sepsis and subsequent adverse outcomes. In practice RSTs are used on admission and thereafter as ‘trigger’ tools prompting sepsis management. However, studies investigating their performance report scores at a single timepoint which varies in relation to admission. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine if the predictive performance of RSTs is altered by the timing of their use.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of studies published from inception to 31 October 2018, using EMBASE and PubMed databases. Any cohort studies investigating the ability of an RST to predict mortality in adult sepsis patients admitted to hospital, from which a 2x2 table was available or could be constructed, were included. The diagnostic performance of RSTs in predicting mortality was the primary outcome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC) were the primary measures, enabling further meta-regression analysis.

Results:

47 studies were included, comprising 430,427 patients. Results of bivariate meta-regression analysis found tools using a first-recorded score were less sensitive than those using worst-recorded score (REML regression coefficient 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.08). Using worst-recorded score led to a large increase in sensitivity (summary sensitivity 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.83, for worst-recorded scores vs. 0.64 (0.57-0.71) for first-recorded scores). Scoring system type did not have a significant relationship with studies’ predictive ability. The most analysed RSTs were qSOFA (n=37) and EWS (n=14). Further analysis of these RSTs also found timing of their use to be associated with predictive performance.

Conclusion:

The timing of any RST is paramount to their predictive performance. This must be reflected in their use in practice, and lead to prospective studies in future.
The Frankfurt School and the School of Post-Soviet Critical Marxism: An Experience of Comprehending the World Crisis
Authors: Shachin Svyatoslav , Shachina Anna
Published: December 2021

Монография посвящена анализу причин всемирного кризиса и обоснованию путей его преодоления. Данная цель может быть достигнута на основе кооперации российской и немецкой философских культур, миграции философских идей и их синтеза. Исследуются две научные школы — Франкфуртская школа и школа постсоветского критического марксизма. Авторы осуществляют попытку не механически соединить результаты их деятельности, а синтезировать их на основе интеграции ключевых понятий данных школ: интерсубъективности и коммуникативного разума, с одной стороны, и креатосферы и ноономики, с другой стороны. Монография может быть интересной специалистам по философии, экономической теории, политологии, социологии, а также широкой общественности.
Customers’ Intention to Recommend Takeaway Food during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yeni Yulia , Pujani Vera , Syahrul Laura
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to predict perceived risk and consumer willingness in recommending takeaway food from restaurant served in buffet style.                          
Methodology/Approach: This study used an online survey of 170 consumers who were selected based on purposive sampling method. The research questionnaire was adapted from previous research. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), with Smart PLS.
Findings: The research findings show that health risk and psychological risk have a positive effect on intention to recommend takeaway food. Meanwhile, quality risk and trust have no effect on intention to recommend takeaway food. In addition, psychological risk and quality risk have no effect on trust. This study also shows that trust does not function as a mediator of the relationship between health risk, psychological risk, quality risk, trust, and intention to recommend.
Research Limitation/Implication: This study only uses a self-report questionnaire by customers. For further research, to enrich the discussion, it is recommended to use interviews or FGD. In addition, this study only uses three risk variables. For the future, it is advisable to add other risk variables.
Originality/Value of paper: In other countries such as China, Korea and the United States, related research has been carried out, however for the context of RM Padang which is unique with all the menus served (Buffet) on the visiting customers’ table has not been found in literature.
The use of the dorsal metacarpal artery for reconstruction of distal dorsal finger defects: an anatomic study and clinical experience
Authors: Lee Kanghee , Jo Taehee , Jeong Woonhyeok , Kim Junhyung , Son Daegu , Choi Jaehoon
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Dorsal metacarpal artery (DMA) flaps have been used successfully for distal dorsal finger defects. Some studies have reported inconsistent DMA anatomy, and there have been no studies on the anatomic variation of DMAs in Asian cadavers. Therefore, we evaluated the anatomy of DMA using Korean fresh cadavers and reported the clinical outcomes of the DMA flaps.Methods: In the cadaver study, four human forearms from adult fresh cadavers were dissected. The dorsal metacarpal arteries and their communicating branches were identified. From July 2016 to June 2019, five patients with dorsal finger defects underwent a first DMA (FDMA) flap or a reversed DMA (RDMA) flap.Results: In our cadaver study, the ulnar branch of the FDMA and the second and third DMAs were absent in two of four (50%) of the cadavers. In our case series, five flaps survived, and one had partial necrosis, which healed by the second intention. The mean operation time was approximately 100 minutes, and the mean outpatient follow-up period was 6 months.Conclusion: DMA flaps are a reliable flap for the reconstruction of relatively large soft tissue defects of the dorsal finger. However, in our anatomical study, inconsistency of the anatomy of DMAs was identified. Therefore, preoperative Doppler examination is required to evaluate the anatomy of the DMA before considering the use of DMA flaps.
DESARROLLO DE LA HABILIDAD NUMÉRICA INICIAL: APORTES DESDE LA PSICOLOGÍA COGNITIVA A LA EDUCACIÓN MATEMÁTICA INICIAL
Authors: Peake Christian , Alarcón Valentina , Herrera Viviana , Morales Karina
Published: December 2021

La habilidad numérica se desarrolla en los primeros años y está en la base del aprendizaje de la matemática posterior, así como del éxito académico y laboral en edad adulta. La educación matemática inicial ha puesto el foco tradicionalmente en la enseñanza de procesos con carácter general, buscando el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico-matemático y el lenguaje matemático. Este artículo busca reflexionar hacia la importancia de entrenar procesos cognitivos del dominio específico numérico, a partir de los hallazgos en psicología cognitiva. Así, en este trabajo se revisa la última evidencia empírica, a partir de recientes estudios con enfoques conductuales en cognición numérica, centrada en el desarrollo de las habilidades numéricas tempranas. Para ello, se revisan los principales hitos del desarrollo numérico en relación con la adquisición de la aritmética posterior, teniendo en cuenta las influencias intrínsecas y extrínsecas al individuo durante los primeros años.
A comparison of clinical outcomes between additional excision after unplanned and planned excisions in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the limb
Authors: Nakamura Tomoki , Kawai Akira , Hagi Tomohito , Asanuma Kunihiro , Sudo Akihiro
Published: December 2021

Aims

Patients with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) who undergo unplanned excision (UE) are reported to have worse outcomes than those who undergo planned excision (PE). However, others have reported that patients who undergo UE may have similar or improved outcomes. These discrepancies are likely to be due to differences in characteristics between the two groups of patients. The aim of the study is to compare patients who underwent UE and PE using propensity score matching, by analyzing data from the Japanese Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor (BSTT) registry.

Methods

Data from 2006 to 2016 was obtained from the BSTT registry. Only patients with STS of the limb were included in the study. Patients with distant metastasis at the initial presentation and patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and well-differentiated liposarcoma were excluded from the study.

Results

A total of 4,483 patients with STS of the limb were identified before propensity score matching. There were 355 patients who underwent UE and 4,128 patients who underwent PE. The five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was significantly better in the patients who received additional excision after UE than in those who underwent PE. There was no significant difference in local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) between the two groups. After propensity score matching, a new cohort of 355 patients was created for both PE and UE groups, in which baseline covariates were appropriately balanced. Reconstruction after tumour excision was frequently performed in patients who underwent additional excision after UE. There were no significant differences in DSS and LRFS between the patients who underwent PE and those who had an additional excision after UE.

Conclusion

Using propensity score matching, patients with STS of the limb who underwent additional excision after UE did not experience higher mortality and local failure than those who underwent PE. Reconstruction may be necessary when additional excision is performed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(12):1809–1814.
Wound photography for evaluation of surgical site infection and wound healing after lower limb trauma
Authors: Bruce Julie , Knight Ruth , Parsons Nick , Betteridge Ria , Verdon Amy , Brown Julie , Campolier Marta , Achten Juul , Costa Matt L.
Published: December 2021

Aims

Deep surgical site infection (SSI) is common after lower limb fracture. We compared the diagnosis of deep SSI using alternative methods of data collection and examined the agreement of clinical photography and in-person clinical assessment by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria after lower limb fracture surgery.

Methods

Data from two large, UK-based multicentre randomized controlled major trauma trials investigating SSI and wound healing after surgical repair of open lower limb fractures that could not be primarily closed (UK WOLLF), and surgical incisions for fractures that were primarily closed (UK WHiST), were examined. Trial interventions were standard wound care management and negative pressure wound therapy after initial surgical debridement. Wound outcomes were collected from 30 days to six weeks. We compared the level of agreement between wound photography and clinical assessment of CDC-defined SSI. We are also assessed the level of agreement between blinded independent assessors of the photographs.

Results

Rates of CDC-defined deep SSI were 7.6% (35/460) after open fracture and 6.3% (95/1519) after closed incisional repair. Photographs were obtained for 77% and 73% of WOLLF and WHiST cohorts respectively (all participants n = 1,478). Agreement between photographic-SSI and CDC-SSI was fair for open fracture wounds (83%; k = 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.42)) and for closed incisional wounds (88%; k = 0.29 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.37)) although the rate of photographically detected deep SSIs was twice as high as CDC-SSI (12% vs 6%). Agreement between different assessors for photographic-SSI (WOLLF 88%, k = 0.63 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.72); WHiST 89%; k = 0.61 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.69)); and wound healing was good (WOLLF 90%; k = 0.80 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.86); WHiST 87%; k = 0.57 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.64)).

Conclusion

Although wound photography was feasible within the research context and inter-rater assessor agreement substantial, digital photographs used in isolation overestimated deep SSI rates, when compared to CDC criteria. Wound photography should not replace clinical assessment in pragmatic trials but may be useful for screening purposes where surgical infection outcomes are paramount. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(12):1802–1808.
Cost-effectiveness of dual-mobility components in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures
Authors: Montgomery Spencer , Bourget-Murray Jonathan , You Daniel Z. , Nherera Leo , Khoshbin Amir , Atrey Amit , Powell James Nelson
Published: December 2021

Aims

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) with dual-mobility components (DM-THA) has been shown to decrease the risk of dislocation in the setting of a displaced neck of femur fracture compared to conventional single-bearing THA (SB-THA). This study assesses if the clinical benefit of a reduced dislocation rate can justify the incremental cost increase of DM-THA compared to SB-THA.

Methods

Costs and benefits were established for patients aged 75 to 79 years over a five-year time period in the base case from the Canadian Health Payer’s perspective. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis assessed the robustness of the base case model conclusions.

Results

DM-THA was found to be cost-effective, with an estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CAD $46,556 (£27,074) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Sensitivity analysis revealed DM-THA was not cost-effective across all age groups in the first two years. DM-THA becomes cost-effective for those aged under 80 years at time periods from five to 15 years, but was not cost-effective for those aged 80 years and over at any timepoint. To be cost-effective at ten years in the base case, DM-THA must reduce the risk of dislocation compared to SB-THA by at least 62%. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed DM-THA was 58% likely to be cost-effective in the base case.

Conclusion

Treating patients with a displaced femoral neck fracture using DM-THA components may be cost-effective compared to SB-THA in patients aged under 80 years. However, future research will help determine if the modelled rates of adverse events hold true. Surgeons should continue to use clinical judgement and consider individual patients’ physiological age and risk factors for dislocation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(12):1783–1790.
The spark in the engine: creative workers in a global economy
Authors: Ursula Huws
Published: December 2021

Introducing this volume, this paper summarises the contents and offers an analysis of the place of creative work in a global economy, focusing in particular on the restructuring of global value chains and the commodification of knowledge in a process which simultaneously opens up the possibility for new creative tasks for some workers whilst deskilling others. It concludes with a discussion of the contradictions that this presents for creative workers who may be offered a choice between disappointing their own creative aspirations or collaborating in their own exploitation.
The new knowledge aristocracy: the creative class, mobility and urban growth
Authors: Richard Shearmur
Published: December 2021

Many policy-makers, particularly in North America, have been seduced and influenced by the ideas of Richard Florida, who suggests that cities and regions can be economically revitalised if they make themselves attractive to the mobile and talented ‘creative class’. This suggests that economic growth is caused by an influx of such people. This paper argues that it is more plausible to suggest the reverse — that the ‘creative class’ is attracted to economic growth and that Florida's theories have the unintended consequence of justifying the investment of considerable public resources in support of the lifestyle choices of this already privileged class, in effect sustaining a new knowledge aristocracy at the expense of the immobile majority.
Religion and episodic volunteering
Authors: Grönlund Henrietta , Cnaan Ram A. , Kang Chulhee , Yamauchi Naoto , Compion Sara , Butcher Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

Connections between religion and volunteering have been widely documented. Religion is a key motivating factor for volunteering in religious settings and elsewhere. Episodic volunteering is one of the fastest-growing forms of volunteering, but literature on episodic volunteering and religion is scarce. In this article, we analyse connections between religion and religiosity, and episodic volunteering. First, we identify types of episodic volunteers at religious events. Second, we use a set of three independent variables (declared religious denomination, importance of religion and spiritual motivation) to understand episodic volunteering participation. Third, we examine whether those who volunteer both episodically and regularly are more religious. Finally, we identify differences across religious affiliations. Using data from a cross-national survey, we apply different data segments in each area of our study. Our findings suggest that episodic volunteers are influenced by religion and religiosity, with especially strong connections among Protestants. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
High-performance fiber-optic-based SPR sensor for DNA hybridization using black phosphorus-tungsten disulfide hybrid structure
Authors: Vasimalla Yesudasu , Pradhan Himansu Shekhar
Published: December 2021

A high-performance fiber-optic-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed using a hybrid structure of black phosphorus and tungsten disulfide. This study shows the DNA hybridization sensing and the single nucleotide polymorphisms identifying procedure by observing the resonance shift and transmitter power performances for probe deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), mismatched DNA, and complementary DNA stands. Moreover, the performance parameters, such as sensitivity (S) of 303.43°/RIU, depth-of-figure-of-merit (DFOM) of 760825, quality factor of

121.73

R
I
U

−
1

, and detection accuracy of 3.65 are observed. Finally, this work shows a better SPR performance compared to the state-of-the-art works and includes an additional DFOM parameter, which shows a resonance depth effect.
Enhanced phonon-plasmon interaction in film-coupled dimer nanoridges mediated by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Noual A. , Akiki R. , Lévêque G. , Pennec Y. , Djafari-Rouhani B.
Published: December 2021

The interaction between phonons and localized plasmons in coupled nanoparticles can be exploited both for modulating the scattered electromagnetic field and the understanding of the mechanical vibrations at nanoscale. In this paper, we demonstrate by numerical analysis an enhanced optomechanical interaction in a film-coupled gold dimer nanoparticles mediated by surface acoustic waves. Two gold nanoridges are placed atop a multilayer structure consisting of a thin dielectric spacer covering a gold film layer on a silicon dioxide substrate. Numerical simulations of the optical properties reveal the existence of three surface localized plasmons in the infrared range with enhanced scattering and narrower linewidths than with a single nanoridge. The physical origin of such modes as well as their tunability as function of key geometrical parameters are successfully captured with a simple model based on effective Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM)-like plasmonic cavity. We calculate the optomechanic coupling rates between the GHz localized mechanical modes and plasmonic modes of the dimer, finding that the strongest coupling is observed for the in-phase compressional mode followed by the out-of-phase flexural mode. Both such modes can be excited by launching a surface acoustic wave (Sezawa wave) at the inlet in front of the dimer structure. It is also found that the flexural mode which is inactive optomechanically in case of a monomer becomes active due to dimer coupling, with a significant phonon-plasmon coupling rate. The findings in this work may facilitate design of new optomechanical components monitored with fast coherent acoustics, leading to new generation of light acousto-optic modulators where strong optomechanical interactions are required.
Identification of endoplasmic reticulum formation mechanism by multi-parametric, quantitative super-resolution imaging
Authors: Qian Shuhao , Meng Jia , Liu Wenjie , Wang Chuncheng , Jiang Rushan , Yang Lu , Liu Xu , Kuang Cuifang , Ding Zhihua , Liu Zhiyi
Published: December 2021

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells which spreads throughout the whole cell and contacts and interacts with almost all organelles, yet quantitative approaches to assess ER reorganization are lacking. Herein we propose a multi-parametric, quantitative method combining pixel-wise orientation and waviness features and apply it to the time-dependent images of co-labeled ER and microtubule (MT) from U2OS cells acquired from two-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (2D SIM). Analysis results demonstrate that these morphological features are sensitive to ER reshaping and a combined use of them is a potential biomarker for ER formation. A new, to the best of our knowledge, mechanism of MT-associated ER formation, termed hooking, is identified based on distinct organizational alterations caused by interaction between ER and MT which are different from those of the other three mechanisms already known, validated by 100% discrimination accuracy in classifying four MT-associated ER formation mechanisms.
Dispersion of resonant modes in patch antenna lattices
Authors: Walmsness Per Magnus , Hale Nathan , Kildemo Morten
Published: December 2021

Spectroscopic polar angle resolved Mueller matrix ellipsometry at multiple azimuthal incidences, together with a full-field model, reveal new details in the interplay between localized gap surface plasmon resonances and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a rectangular array of metal–insulator–metal patches. A plane-wave expansion of the field in the insulator shows that the fundamental localized resonances are composed of oppositely propagating modes. Sharp dispersive resonances observed in p-polarization, excited near the opening of diffracted orders, are shown to be grating coupled SPPs. The SPPs show strong coupling with localized modes of similar symmetry, while they appear suppressed by modes of dissimilar symmetry.
In situ x-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography with a contrast agent: a proof of concept
Authors: Choi Seongwook , Park Sinyoung , Pyo Ayoung , Kim Dong-Yeon , Min Jung-Joon , Lee Changho , Kim Chulhong
Published: December 2021

X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) has shown great potential as a hybrid imaging modality for real-time non-invasive x-ray dosimetry and low-dose three-dimensional (3D) imaging. While promising, one drawback of the XACT system is the underlying low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), limiting its in vivo clinical use. In this Letter, we propose the first use of a conventional x-ray computed tomography contrast agent, Gastrografin, for improving the SNR of in situ XACT imaging. We obtained 3D volumetric XACT images of a mouse's stomach with orally injected Gastrografin establishing the proposal's feasibility. Thus, we believe, in the future, our proposed technique will allow in vivo imaging and expand or complement conventional x-ray modalities, such as radiotherapy and accelerators.
RNA editing regulates lncRNA splicing in human early embryo development
Authors: Qiu Jiajun , Ma Xiao , Zeng Fanyi , Yan Jingbin
Published: December 2021

RNA editing is a co- or post-transcriptional modification through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after transcription. Previous studies found that RNA editing may be critically involved in cancer and aging. However, the function of RNA editing in human early embryo development is still unclear. In this study, through analyzing single cell RNA sequencing data, 36.7% RNA editing sites were found to have a have differential editing ratio among early embryo developmental stages, and there was a great reprogramming of RNA editing rates at the 8-cell stage, at which most of the differentially edited RNA editing sites (99.2%) had a decreased RNA editing rate. In addition, RNA editing was more likely to occur on RNA splicing sites during human early embryo development. Furthermore, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) editing sites were found more likely to be on RNA splicing sites (odds ratio = 2.19, P = 1.37×10−8), while mRNA editing sites were less likely (odds ratio = 0.22, P = 8.38×10−46). Besides, we found that the RNA editing rate on lncRNA had a significantly higher correlation coefficient with the percentage spliced index (PSI) of lncRNA exons (R = 0.75, P = 4.90×10−16), which indicated that RNA editing may regulate lncRNA splicing during human early embryo development. Finally, functional analysis revealed that those RNA editing-regulated lncRNAs were enriched in signal transduction, the regulation of transcript expression, and the transmembrane transport of mitochondrial calcium ion. Overall, our study might provide a new insight into the mechanism of RNA editing on lncRNAs in human developmental biology and common birth defects.
Aerosol tracer testing in Boeing 767 and 777 aircraft to simulate exposure potential of infectious aerosol such as SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kinahan Sean M. , Silcott David B. , Silcott Blake E. , Silcott Ryan M. , Silcott Peter J. , Silcott Braden J. , Distelhorst Steven L. , Herrera Vicki L. , Rivera Danielle N. , Crown Kevin K. , Lucero Gabriel A. , Santarpia Joshua L.
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has reintroduced questions regarding the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure amongst passengers on an aircraft. Quantifying risk with computational fluid dynamics models or contact tracing methods alone is challenging, as experimental results for inflight biological aerosols is lacking. Using fluorescent aerosol tracers and real time optical sensors, coupled with DNA-tagged tracers for aerosol deposition, we executed ground and inflight testing on Boeing 767 and 777 airframes. Analysis here represents tracer particles released from a simulated infected passenger, in multiple rows and seats, to determine the exposure risk via penetration into breathing zones in that row and numerous rows ahead and behind the index case. We present here conclusions from 118 releases of fluorescent tracer particles, with 40+ Instantaneous Biological Analyzer and Collector sensors placed in passenger breathing zones for real-time measurement of simulated virus particle penetration. Results from both airframes showed a minimum reduction of 99.54% of 1 μm aerosols from the index source to the breathing zone of a typical passenger seated directly next to the source. An average 99.97 to 99.98% reduction was measured for the breathing zones tested in the 767 and 777, respectively. Contamination of surfaces from aerosol sources was minimal, and DNA-tagged 3 μm tracer aerosol collection techniques agreed with fluorescent methodologies.
When election expectations fail: Polarized perceptions of election legitimacy increase with accumulating evidence of election outcomes and with polarized media
Authors: Grant Marrissa D. , Flores Alexandra , Pedersen Eric J. , Sherman David K. , Van Boven Leaf
Published: December 2021

The present study, conducted immediately after the 2020 presidential election in the United States, examined whether Democrats’ and Republicans’ polarized assessments of election legitimacy increased over time. In a naturalistic survey experiment, people (N= 1,236) were randomly surveyed either during the week following Election Day, with votes cast but the outcome unknown, or during the following week, after President Joseph Biden was widely declared the winner. The design unconfounded the election outcome announcement from the vote itself, allowing more precise testing of predictions derived from cognitive dissonance theory. As predicted, perceived election legitimacy increased among Democrats, from the first to the second week following Election Day, as their expected Biden win was confirmed, whereas perceived election legitimacy decreased among Republicans as their expected President Trump win was disconfirmed. From the first to the second week following Election Day, Republicans reported stronger negative emotions and weaker positive emotions while Democrats reported stronger positive emotions and weaker negative emotions. The polarized perceptions of election legitimacy were correlated with the tendencies to trust and consume polarized media. Consumption of Fox News was associated with lowered perceptions of election legitimacy over time whereas consumption of other outlets was associated with higher perceptions of election legitimacy over time. Discussion centers on the role of the media in the experience of cognitive dissonance and the implications of polarized perceptions of election legitimacy for psychology, political science, and the future of democratic society.
The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stutterheim Sarah E. , van Dijk Mart , Wang Haoyi , Jonas Kai J.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Transgender individuals are at risk for HIV. HIV risks are dynamic and there have been substantial changes in HIV prevention (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]). It is thus time to revisit HIV prevalence and burden among transgender individuals. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was thus to examine worldwide prevalence and burden of HIV over the course of the epidemic among trans feminine and trans masculine individuals.

Methods

We conducted an updated systematic review by searching PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, for studies of any research design published in in a peer-reviewed journal in any language that reported HIV prevalence among transgender individuals published between January 2000 and January 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed methodological quality. We then conducted a meta-analysis, using random-effects modelling, to ascertain standardized prevalence and the relative burden of HIV carried by transgender individuals by country and year of data collection, and then by geographic region. We additionally explored the impact of sampling methods and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Results

Based on 98 studies, overall standardized HIV prevalence over the course of the epidemic, based on weights from each country by year, was 19.9% (95% CI 14.7% - 25.1%) for trans feminine individuals (n = 48,604) and 2.56% (95% CI 0.0% - 5.9%) for trans masculine individuals (n = 6460). Overall OR for HIV infection, compared with individuals over age 15, was 66.0 (95% CI 51.4–84.8) for trans feminine individuals and 6.8 (95% CI 3.6–13.1) for trans masculine individuals. Prevalence varied by geographic region (13.5% - 29.9%) and sampling method (5.4% - 37.8%). Lastly, PrEP effects on prevalence could not be established.

Conclusion

Trans feminine and trans masculine individuals are disproportionately burdened by HIV. Their unique prevention and care needs should be comprehensively addressed. Future research should further investigate the impact of sampling methods on HIV prevalence, and monitor the potential impact of PrEP.
To vaccinate or not to vaccinate!? Predictors of willingness to receive Covid-19 vaccination in Europe, the U.S., and China
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , Schneider Silvia , Margraf Jürgen
Published: December 2021

Researcher teams around the globe including the “Project Lightspeed” are intensively working on vaccines to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the availability of effective vaccines does not guarantee the vaccination willingness among the population. In spring 2021, we investigated the vaccination willingness and its potential predictors in representative online samples in nine countries (China, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, U.K., U.S.). Of the 9,264 participants, 79.9% revealed Covid-19 vaccination willingness. The highest willingness was in the U.K., followed by Spain and China, the lowest in Russia. In most countries, the perception of governmental Covid-19 measures as useful and the use of television reports as Covid-19 information source positively predicted the willingness. Further factors such as demographic variables, mental and physical health status, evaluation of governmental communication, social media use, and general adherence to Covid-19 measures showed a country-specific predictive pattern. Recommendations how to increase the vaccination willingness are provided.
Trophic niche overlap between coyotes and gray foxes in a temperate forest in Durango, Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Luna César Ricardo , Servín Jorge , Valenzuela-Galván David , List Rurik
Published: December 2021

Resource partitioning, and especially dietary partitioning, is a mechanism that has been studied for several canid species as a means to understand competitive relationships and the ability of these species to coexist. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are two canid species that are widely distributed, in Mexico, and they are sympatric throughout most of their distribution range. However, trophic dynamic and overlap between them have not been thoroughly studied. In order to better understand their ecological relationship and potential competitive interactions, we studied the trophic niche overlap between both canids in a temperate forest of Durango, Mexico. The results are based on the analysis of 540 coyote and 307 gray fox feces collected in 2018. Both species consumed a similar range of food items, but the coyote consumed large species while the gray fox did not. For both species, the most frequently consumed food categories throughout the year and seasonally were fruit and wild mammals (mainly rodents and lagomorphs). Coyotes had higher trophic diversity in their annual diet (H’= 2.33) than gray foxes (H’= 1.80). When analyzing diets by season, trophic diversity of both species was higher in winter and spring and tended to decrease in summer and autumn. When comparing between species, this parameter differed significantly during all seasons except for summer. Trophic overlap throughout the year was high (R0= 0.934), with seasonal variation betweenR0= 0.821 (autumn) andR0= 0.945 (spring). Both species based their diet on the most available food items throughout each season of the year, having high dietary overlap which likely can lead to intense exploitative competition processes. However, differences in trophic diversity caused by differential prey use can mitigate competitive interactions, allowing these different sized canid species to coexist in the study area.
Design of combined stationary and mobile battery energy storage systems
Authors: Hayajneh Hassan S. , Lainfiesta Herrera Maximiliano , Zhang Xuewei
Published: December 2021

To minimize the curtailment of renewable generation and incentivize grid-scale energy storage deployment, a concept of combining stationary and mobile applications of battery energy storage systems built within renewable energy farms is proposed. A simulation-based optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal design parameters such as battery capacity and power ratings by solving a multi-objective optimization problem that aims to maximize the economic profitability, the energy provided for transportation electrification, the demand peak shaving, and the renewable energy utilized. Two applications considered for the stationary energy storage systems are the end-consumer arbitrage and frequency regulation, while the mobile application envisions a scenario of a grid-independent battery-powered electric vehicle charging station network. The charging stations receive supplies from the energy storage system that absorbs renewable energy, contributing to a sustained DC demand that helps with revenues. Representative results are presented for two operation modes and different sets of weights assigned to the objectives. Substantial improvement in the profitability of combined applications over single stationary applications is shown. Pareto frontier of a reduced dimensional problem is obtained to show the trade-off between design objectives. This work could pave the road for future implementations of the new form of energy storage systems.
Examining area-level variation in service organisation and delivery across the breadth of primary healthcare. Usefulness of measures constructed from routine data
Authors: Butler D. C. , Jorm L. R. , Larkins S. , Humphreys J. , Desborough J. , Korda K. J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Australia has a universal healthcare system, yet organisation and delivery of primary healthcare (PHC) services varies across local areas. Understanding the nature and extent of this variation is essential to improve quality of care and health equity, but this has been hampered by a lack of suitable measures across the breadth of effective PHC systems. Using a suite of measures constructed at the area-level, this study explored their application in assessing area-level variation in PHC organisation and delivery.

Methods

Routinely collected data from New South Wales, Australia were used to construct 13 small area-level measures of PHC service organisation and delivery that best approximated access (availability, affordability, accommodation) comprehensiveness and coordination. Regression analyses and pairwise Pearson’s correlations were used to examine variation by area, and by remoteness and area disadvantage.

Results

PHC service delivery varied geographically at the small-area level–within cities and more remote locations. Areas in major cities were more accessible (all measures), while in remote areas, services were more comprehensive and coordinated. In disadvantaged areas of major cities, there were fewer GPs (most disadvantaged quintile 0.9[SD 0.1] vs least 1.0[SD 0.2]), services were more affordable (97.4%[1.6] bulk-billed vs 75.7[11.3]), a greater proportion were after-hours (10.3%[3.0] vs 6.2[2.9]) and for chronic disease care (28%[3.4] vs 17.6[8.0]) but fewer for preventive care (50.7%[3.8] had cervical screening vs 62.5[4.9]). Patterns were similar in regional locations, other than disadvantaged areas had less after-hours care (1.3%[0.7] vs 6.1%[3.9]). Measures were positively correlated, except GP supply and affordability in major cities (-0.41, p < .01).

Implications

Application of constructed measures revealed inequity in PHC service delivery amenable to policy intervention. Initiatives should consider the maldistribution of GPs not only by remoteness but also by area disadvantage. Avenues for improvement in disadvantaged areas include preventative care across all regions and after-hours care in regional locations.
Maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care and associated factors among postpartum women at public hospitals of North Shoa Zone Ethiopia
Authors: Silesh Mulualem , Lemma Tesfanesh
Published: December 2021

Background

Maternal satisfaction is an essential indicator of the quality and the efficiency of the health care systems. At a time when efforts are being made globally to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, assessing maternal satisfaction is essential. There is a dearth of studies on maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care, particularly in the study area. This study aimed to assess maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care and associated factors among postpartum women at public hospitals of North Shoa Zone Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study with a systematic random sampling technique was conducted from May1-30/ 2020. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using a statistical package for the social sciences version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were employed. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, level of statistical significance was declared at variables with p < 0.05 and the strength of the association was measured by an adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.

Result

Of the total 394 participants, 111 (28.2%) [95% CI: 23.9, 32.5] of postpartum women were satisfied with the intrapartum care. Place of residence [AOR: 1.934; 95% CI (1.183, 3.162)], planned status of the pregnancy [AOR: 2.245; 95% CI, (1.212, 4.158)], number of antenatal care visit [AOR: 2.389; 95% (1.437, 3.974)] and duration of labour [AOR: 2.463; 95% (1.378, 4.402)] were factors significantly associated with maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care.

Conclusion

The proportion of maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care was low. Therefore, designing strategies to enhance maternal satisfaction by strengthening adherence to antenatal care visits, provision of family planning to prevent unplanned pregnancy, and strict utilization of partograph to prevent prolonged labour and childbirth-related complications are crucial.
Improving oral health in people with severe mental illness (SMI): A systematic review
Authors: Macnamara Alexandra , Mishu Masuma Pervin , Faisal Mehreen Riaz , Islam Mohammed , Peckham Emily
Published: December 2021

Background

Those with severe mental illness (SMI) are at greater risk of having poor oral health, which can have an impact on daily activities such as eating, socialising and working. There is currently a lack of evidence to suggest which oral health interventions are effective for improving oral health outcomes for people with SMI.

Aims

This systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of oral health interventions in improving oral health outcomes for those with SMI.

Methods

The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42020187663). Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, HMIC, CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies, along with conference proceedings and grey literature sources. Titles and abstracts were dual screened by two reviewers. Two reviewers also independently performed full text screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments. Due to heterogeneity between studies, a narrative synthesis was undertaken.

Results

In total, 1462 abstracts from the database search and three abstracts from grey literature sources were identified. Following screening, 12 studies were included in the review. Five broad categories of intervention were identified: dental education, motivational interviewing, dental checklist, dietary change and incentives. Despite statistically significant changes in plaque indices and oral health behaviours as a result of interventions using dental education, motivational interviewing and incentives, it is unclear if these changes are clinically significant.

Conclusion

Although some positive results in this review demonstrate that dental education shows promise as an intervention for those with SMI, the quality of evidence was graded as very low to moderate quality. Further research is in this area is required to provide more conclusive evidence.
Turnip mosaic virus P1 suppresses JA biosynthesis by degrading cpSRP54 that delivers AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane to facilitate viral infection
Authors: Ji Mengfei , Zhao Jinping , Han Kelei , Cui Weijun , Wu Xinyang , Chen Binghua , Lu Yuwen , Peng Jiejun , Zheng Hongying , Rao Shaofei , Wu Guanwei , Chen Jianping , Yan Fei
Published: December 2021

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial hormone in plant antiviral immunity. Increasing evidence shows that viruses counter this host immune response by interfering with JA biosynthesis and signaling. However, the mechanism by which viruses affect JA biosynthesis is still largely unexplored. Here, we show that a highly conserved chloroplast protein cpSRP54 was downregulated in Nicotiana benthamiana infected by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Its silencing facilitated TuMV infection. Furthermore, cpSRP54 interacted with allene oxide cyclases (AOCs), key JA biosynthesis enzymes, and was responsible for delivering AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane (TM). Interestingly, TuMV P1 protein interacted with cpSRP54 and mediated its degradation via the 26S proteosome and autophagy pathways. The results suggest that TuMV has evolved a strategy, through the inhibition of cpSRP54 and its delivery of AOCs to the TM, to suppress JA biosynthesis and enhance viral infection. Interaction between cpSRP54 and AOCs was shown to be conserved in Arabidopsis and rice, while cpSRP54 also interacted with, and was degraded by, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) 126 kDa protein and potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein, indicating that suppression of cpSRP54 may be a common mechanism used by viruses to counter the antiviral JA pathway.
‘Does anybody have that fic…?’: The fannish reclamation of the circulating library
Authors: Xanthoudakis Alex
Published: December 2021

Associated with frivolous reading and moral repugnance, eighteenth-century circulating libraries provided women and members of the working class easy access to novels. Almost three centuries later, fans who create and own private, file-based collections of fanfiction have reclaimed the circulating library structure. Now used to preserve the very kinds of content Victorian detractors were so against by the communities they feared would be corrupted, transformative fans (mostly women and queer folx) share copies of works from their personal collections to interested readers. These serve the dual function of archiving fic for pleasure on the part of the collector, as well as storing a stable format of the work – one that is less likely to be made obsolete. Because fans do not expect these files to be returned, a private fic collection is therefore not a library at all, but an archive, one that is dependent on individual taste but connected to the community through a network of endless copying, gifting and regifting. Therefore, studying these fic collections not only gives us insight into fannish reading habits over time but also points to strategies of archiving and cultural preservation in the face of technological debt.