bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado de las poblaciones del mangle blanco Laguncularia racemosa var. glabriflora (Combretaceae) en el Golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador
Authors: Moreira Estrella Huber Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Se realizó un censo de las poblaciones de Laguncularia racemosa var. glabriflora para evaluar su estado en el Golfo de Guayaquil. Durante diciembre 2020 y enero 2021 se establecieron 10 parcelas de forma rectangular, cada una con una superficie de 50 x 20 m (1.000 m2), abarcando un área total de 1 hectárea (10.000 m2) en las provincias del Guayas y El Oro, en la costa de Ecuador. Laguncularia racemosa var. glabriflora habita predominantemente manglares ribereños y suelos lodosos (mayoritariamente limo) de textura floja, con salinidad intersticial desde 5 hasta 38 UPS, la mayor densidad poblacional se registró en las localidades que poseen entre 20 a 35 UPS. Las poblaciones registradas poseen poco desarrollo estructural, correspondiendo un 56% en la categoría diamétrica latizales (5-9,9 cm DAP). Las dos variedades de L. racemosa son marcadamente simpátricas en el Golfo de Guayaquil. En el 80% de las parcelas censadas ambas variedades florecen y fructifican simultáneamente, sin embargo, evidencia de variabilidad morfológica o hibridación producto de ambas no ha sido encontrada en campo ni en herbario. Estos resultados sugieren que no habría compatibilidad biológica entre ambas variedades, consecuentemente, se recomienda una revisión de su estatus taxonómico con base en estudios moleculares.
HUBUNGAN LAMA PENGOBATAN ANTIPSIKOTIK DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI POLI PSIKIATRI PUSKESMAS REJOSO KABUPATEN NGANJUK
Authors: Rosriyana Meilina Devimeylina.devi96@gmail.com  , Cucuk Suwandi  , Heru Wahyudi
Published: November 2021

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Interacción de las inteligencias lingüística y musical y su impacto sobre la adquisición de una lengua extranjera
Authors: Briceño Núñez Chess Emmanuel , Durán Moreno Erika A.
Published: November 2021

This document  contains a descriptive research, which aims to demonstrate the relationship between linguistic and musical intelligences and their influence on the acquisition of a foreign language. The study had an interdisciplinary  approach. From a population of 1000 students aged between 12 and 17 years, a sample of 448 students residing in the city of Lima (Peru) was included, whom in addition to being language students in their educational institutions, were regular students of music. To collect the information, a "TEST VRIMYL" or "Test for the assessment of the relationship between musical and linguistic intelligences" was applied (Briceño & Durán, 2021), conformed of 11 items, of which 10 of them are nominal dichotomous scale, and one multiple-choice. The results obtained demonstrate a positive relationship between music learning and language development, concluding that music students have a natural and inadvertent affinity for learning one or more foreign languages.
Programa de simulación en Simscape de un dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía para refrigeración
Authors: González González Carlos R.
Published: November 2021

A new application on Simscape was developed with the goal to have   a tool for simulating the behavior of a zeolite device attached to a standard refrigerator. The program has based on the Simscape example 1.454 from MATLAB R2015a, with the energy storing device placed between the evaporator and the compressor. The environmental temperature was considered as a segmented linear function. In order to keep the application running faster, an ode23t solver had to be used instead of the  original ode23. The program was applied to a case study, consisting of  a medium size refrigerator with a non-optimal zeolite device, only for examining the program performance. A comparison was carried out between the original Simscape example for the 1.454 model and the present application.  Sspeed and robustness for the medium size simulated refrigerators was obtained. Large size refrigerators have not examined.
Uma visita à Ombala Ndala Kandumbu: contribuição para a historiografia dos Reinos Ovimbundu
Authors: Kandjo João Sicato
Published: November 2021

This work presents a practical research that was conducted  at Ombala Kandumbu to contribute to the construction of the Historiography of the kingdoms Ovimbundu, through the leadership of its chiefman, namely, Nondolo, Ndala Kandumbu, Jaime Santos (powerless collaborator of the whitemen), Kacikwalula, Yulembi and Semente. Similarly to  others, Ombala has also  experienced the Portuguese invasion and occupation during the 20th century. The relevance of Kandumbu's boulder, consists in making known and valuing the Local History of Huambo Province, Angola, Africa and Universal, which can be framed in the disciplines of African History, History of Angola, Cultural History, Oral Tradition and African Cultures, Archaeology and Practical  Archaeology, among others. It is ipsus factus that only after the Berlin conference in 1884-1885, taking into account the principle of effective occupation, that forced the Portuguese to occupy the interior of Angola, for the case of Huambo Province, happened at the beginning of the 20th century, more precisely in 1902, which means the aforementioned Ombala was also occupied during the 20th century, as it is part of Huambo Province.
Ciclo escolar inédito: La educación enfrenta la contingencia; antes y durante de la pandemia
Authors: Arce-Peralta Francisco Javier
Published: November 2021

The school year was ended in advance by the government authorities, first at the state level and later at the national level, therefore  it was necessary to review the statistical documents, which show the data on the days worked and the eventualities that occurred in this period. Thus the time that remains pending to work in the educational centers, so that an emergent strategy of education from their homes was implemented known as “learning at home”. Through visual representation such as tables and graphs, the information was shown to conclude the reliability of 72% of the activities carried out, leaving only 28% pending, however, the school must maintain its essence, which is to educate its students to be hard-working, responsible citizens and participatory.
АПРОБАЦІЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНТЕГРОВАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ В ПОЧАТКОВІЙ ШКОЛІ: ЗДОБУТКИ ДОСЛІДНО-ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РІВНЯ
Authors: Сокуренко Олена , Рибачук Оксана
Published: November 2021

У Концепції «Нова українська школа» визначено стратегічні завдання реформування системи освіти України. Це обумовлює доцільність реалізації компетентнісного підходу в початковій школі засобами інтеграції змісту освіти й форм організації освітнього процесу. Такий підхід потребує дослідження регіональних особливостей організації освітнього процесу в початковій школі. У статті представлено результати дослідно-експериментальної роботи регіонального рівня за темою «Впровадження технології інтегрованого навчання в початковій школі на засадах ідей та положень Нової української школи» на базі МОІППО та навчальних закладів області, що проводиться кафедрою теорії й методики дошкільної та початкової освіти Миколаївського обласного інституту післядипломної педагогічної освіти. Така діяльність спрямовується на розроблення та апробацію моделей упровадження інтегрованого навчання молодших школярів на засадах ідей та положень Нової української школи для різних типів закладів освіти, в яких є школа І ступеня.
Equality, Diversity and Inclusion – A MOOC for Academic Purposes
Authors: Bencivenga Rita , Leone Cinzia , Siri Anna
Published: November 2021

Since its fifth framework programme (1998–2002), the European Union has promoted gender equality and equal opportunities in the higher education sector and science and technological development. In its current framework programme for research and innovation, Horizon Europe (2021–2027), the EU requires scientists to systematically integrate the concepts of sex, gender and intersectionality into their research paths and to promote equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in their working environments. However, for historical reasons, following the EU requirements is challenging, particularly for scientists in STEM disciplines. The University of Genoa is planning a MOOC suited to a large research institution audience to address this problem. The MOOC’s targets are researchers, scholars, administrative personnel and students interested in advancing EDI practices in the scientific fields. It enables them to understand the basic principles underlying the gender mainstreaming adopted by the EU and integrate methods and strategies related to sex, gender and intersectionality to progress towards an EDI-sensitive institution. Supported by a learner-centred instructional strategy, this chapter explores the choices related to EDI-sensitive methods and strategies adopted to develop and implement an online education path. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Botanical Insecticides and Their Potential as Anti-Insect/Pests: Are They Successful against Insects and Pests?
Authors: Iqbal Toheed , Ahmed Nazeer , Shahjeer Kiran , Ahmed Saeed , Awadh Al-Mutairi Khalid , Fathy Khater Hanem , Fathey Ali Reham
Published: November 2021

In low-income countries, subsistence and transitional farms frequently use botanical insecticides. The shortage or high cost of industrial pesticides also prompts their use. Botanical insecticides are also prescribed by agricultural and development programs and certain development organizations. However, since insecticidal proof of their effectiveness and protection might not be sufficient or usable, this may be called into question. While insecticidal botanicals have been extensively studied, there has yet to be a fusion that focuses especially on the domestic synthesis of biopesticides that work infield and storage effectively. In this chapter, we look at the effectiveness of botanicals (neem, garlic, and essential oil) that are used as insecticides. In addition, this chapter also focuses on research carried out on the use of these essential oils as insecticides. Processes that use variable amounts of ingredients and concentrations and ratios of active ingredients can have varying impacts on the efficacy of plant-based biological insecticides. Finally, using home-made insecticides would reduce the losses that occur during food production and enable us to use environment-friendly pest management methods.
Functional Significance of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Disease and Therapeutics
Authors: Tieroyaare Dongdem Julius , Adiyaga Wezena Cletus
Published: November 2021

E3 ubiquitin ligases of which there are >600 putative in humans, constitute a family of highly heterogeneous proteins and protein complexes that are the ultimate enzymes responsible for the recruitment of an ubiquitin loaded E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, recognise the appropriate protein substrate and directly or indirectly transfer the ubiquitin load onto the substrate. The aftermath of an E3 ligase activity is usually the formation of an isopeptide bond between the free carboxylate group of ubiquitin’s C-terminal Gly76 and an ε-amino group of the substrate’s Lys, even though non-canonical ubiquitylation on non-amine groups of target proteins have been observed. E3 ligases are grouped into four distinct families: HECT, RING-finger/U-box, RBR and PHD-finger. E3 ubiquitin ligases play critical roles in subcellular signalling cascades in eukaryotes. Dysfunctional E3 ubiquitin ligases therefore tend to inflict dramatic effects on human health and may result in the development of various diseases including Parkinson’s, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, cancer, etc. Being regulators of numerous cellular processes, some E3 ubiquitin ligases have become potential targets for therapy. This chapter will present a comprehensive review of up-to-date findings in E3 ligases, their role in the pathology of disease and therapeutic potential for future drug development.
Learning through Art in Medical Education
Authors: Ferrara Vincenza
Published: November 2021

Medical Humanities approach is becoming an important action in the health curriculum. Art can play a central role in the training of care staff for the development of skills and for the humanization of the therapeutic path. The application of art as a tool for learning and its historical relationship with medicine can be a valid support for the development of skills such as observation, active listening, problem solving and empathy, useful for improving the profession and the relationship with the patient. It is possible to rediscover the link between art, medicine, and care to help health professionals to improve their activities and resilience. Particular methods such as that of the Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) can help health students and professionals to become better actors in the care context.
Memristors Based on 2D Monolayer Materials
Authors: Wu Xiaohan , Ge Ruijing , Akinwande Deji , C. Lee Jack
Published: November 2021

2D materials have been widely used in various applications due to their remarkable and distinct electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. Memristive effect has been found in several 2D systems. This chapter focuses on the memristors based on 2D materials, e. g. monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), as the active layer in vertical MIM (metal–insulator–metal) configuration. Resistive switching behavior under normal DC and pulse waveforms, and current-sweep and constant stress testing methods have been investigated. Unlike the filament model in conventional bulk oxide-based memristors, a new switching mechanism has been proposed with the assistance of metal ion diffusion, featuring conductive-point random access memory (CPRAM) characteristics. The use of 2D material devices in applications such as flexible non-volatile memory (NVM) and emerging zero-power radio frequency (RF) switch will be discussed.
The Presented Study of Zn-Cu Ferrites for Their Application in “Photocatalytic Activities”
Authors: Balaraman Sathyaseelan , Iruson Baskaran , Krishnmoorthy Senthilnathan , Elayaperumal Manikandan
Published: November 2021

The present chapter summarizes the synthesis and characterization of Zinc Copper (ZnCu) ferrites due to their wide range of applications in many areas. ZnCu ferrites are soft magnetic materials that have exceptional electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. ZnCu ferrites possess high resistivity, permeability, permittivity, saturation magnetization and low power losses, and coercivity. The above features of ZnCu ferrites find application in designing transformers, transducers, and inductors. Ferrites are also used in magnetic fluids, sensors, and biosensors. Apart from these advantages, they play a vital role in practical appliances like mobile, laptops, mobile chargers, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, printers, and so on. Therefore, the present focus is on the literature of techniques of the synthesis, their characterization, the effect of doping on the behavior of ZnCu ferrite, and, finally, their potential application in technology.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Demoralization Syndrome and Cancer-related Trauma: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Sarizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Rahimian Boogar Isaac , Talepasand Siavash , Gharemanfard Farahnaz
Published: November 2021

Background: Many women with breast cancer in the process of diagnosing, treating, and surviving show psychological distress such as hopelessness and cancer-related stress. On the other hand, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a psychological intervention provides a good model for coping with the disease. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of ACT on demoralization syndrome and cancer-related trauma in patients with breast cancer and survivors. Methods: The present study was a clinical trial with pre-test and post-test. It was performed on 52 patients with breast cancer and survivors referred to the Golestan Cancer Patients Association in Gorgan in 2020. Initially, participants were selected by convenient sampling and randomly divided into two treatment groups (patients group and survivors group) and two control groups (patients group and survivors group). Then, the treatment groups underwent ACT for 8 consecutive weekly sessions, but the control groups did not receive any intervention. The data were obtained, using the Demoralization Scale (DS) and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results of the study showed a significant difference in demoralization syndrome components and PCL-5 between the treatment groups of patients and survivors with control groups of patients and survivors (P < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups of patients and survivors in the components of demoralization and PCL-5 (P > 0.05) except for the feeling of failure component (P = 0.048). Conclusions: According to the results, using ACT as a complementary treatment along with medical treatment to prevent and reduce demoralization syndrome and cancer-related trauma is recommended in patients with breast cancer and survivors.
Surgery for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Limits in Advanced Disease
Authors: Moreno-Ramírez David , Silva-Clavería Francisca , Fernández-Orland Almudena , Eiris Noemí , Ruiz-de-Casas Andrés , Ferrándiz Lara
Published: November 2021

Surgery remains the first-line therapeutic option for most patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, in the current therapeutic landscape, surgery must attempt to the complete tumor resection (R0 resection) with the lowest risk of surgical complications. This double aim is usually accomplished through standard excision with clinical margins in patients with low-risk tumors or by some of the micrographically controlled surgery procedures for patients with tumors at high-risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Surgery is also a first-line treatment for nodal metastases of cSCC as well as an option to consider in patients who develop recurrences while receiving immunotherapy, or as a palliation procedure in patients with advanced tumors. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy, that is the use of a medical treatment before surgery, is under investigation in patients with cSCC. The decision-making process and guidelines recommendations regarding cSCC surgery are reviewed in this manuscript.
Variabilidade espacial da biomassa e atividade microbiana do solo sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta
Authors: Souza Paulino Taveira de , Silva Tatiane Carla , Troleis Maria Júlia Betiolo , Sena Karla Nascimento , Silva Anne Caroline Rocha , Santos Talles Eduardo Borges dos , Montanari Rafael
Published: November 2021

A qualidade do solo refere-se à avaliação das propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo e tem sido um assunto explorado dentro das linhas de pesquisas agronômicas em decorrência de ações antrópicas que, muitas vezes, causam degradação. Objetivou-se pesquisar, entre os atributos físicos e biológicos estudados, aqueles que melhor expliquem, linear e espacialmente, a variabilidade do solo cultivado com soja na estação chuvosa e em pousio na estação seca no sistema agrossilvipastoril. O trabalho foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2015/2016, em Ipameri, Goiás. Analisaram-se as distribuições espaciais e as correlações entre alguns atributos indicadores da qualidade do solo: carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração microbiana do solo (C-CO2), quociente metabólico (qCO2) e umidade do solo (UG), na profundidade de 0,00-0,10 m, nos períodos de chuva e seca. Instalou-se no local, uma malha geoestatística, onde foram coletados 52 pontos. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, a fim de obter correlações lineares, simples e múltiplas, entre os atributos. Os semivariogramas foram modelados a fim de obter as respectivas krigagens e validações cruzadas. Estabeleceram-se as co-krigagens de interesse. Os atributos microbiológicos do solo foram bons indicadores de zonas de manejo específico, apresentando maior dependência espacial no período chuvoso. O qCO2 apresentou relação direta com C-CO2 no período chuvoso, enquanto CBM apresentou relação inversamente proporcional tanto no período chuvoso, como no seco. O qCO2 foi o atributo que melhor representou, linear e espacialmente, a variabilidade do solo sob o sistema ILPF, refletindo as zonas de maior eficiência do uso do substrato pelos organismos do solo.
Christopher Stroup. The Christians Who Became Jews: Acts of the Apostles and Ethnicity in the Roman City
Authors: Strait Drew J.
Published: November 2021

No abstract is available.
Croyances d’adultes québécois de 70 ans et plus à l’égard du respect du confinement pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 : étude qualitative descriptive
Authors: Boucher Danielle , Savard Catherine , Beaulieu Dominique , Ouellet Nicole , Gagnon Dominique , Boudreau François
Published: November 2021

Introduction : Les adultes de 70 ans et plus vivant dans la communauté, vulnérables à des complications sévères dues à la COVID-19, ne seraient pas systématiquement enclins à respecter le confinement. Objectifs : 1) Identifier les croyances de ces personnes concernant le respect du confinement et 2) connaître les actions qu’elles ont prises pour répondre aux mesures de confinement. Méthodes : Basée sur l’Approche de l’Action Raisonnée, une étude qualitative descriptive a été effectuée afin d’identifier les croyances saillantes des personnes âgées en regard du respect du confinement et les actions entreprises pour le respecter. Les données ont été collectées à l’été 2020 lors d’entretiens téléphoniques auprès de personnes âgées habitant à domicile ou en résidences privées pour aînés. Résultats : Les participants (N = 41) âgés de 70-97 ans provenaient de cinq régions du Québec. La privation du contact avec les proches constitue le principal inconvénient rapporté par les participants. La famille représente le groupe le plus influent qui approuve le confinement. Le maintien du contact avec elle et son soutien en facilitent le respect. Le fait de se rendre à des rendez-vous médicaux était la seule barrière perçue au confinement. Les actions qui ressortent de l’analyse thématique pour respecter le confinement sont : sortir le moins possible de chez soi, s’occuper de façon solitaire, s’abstenir de recevoir ou visiter les proches et pratiquer la distanciation physique. Discussion et conclusion : Diverses stratégies telles que des interventions individualisées ou l’accès à des rencontres virtuelles avec les proches sont proposées.
Une approche de synthèse des connaissances par paliers pour informer rapidement les décisions cliniques : méthode et leçons apprises durant la pandémie de COVID-19
Authors: Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Sasseville Maxime , LeBlanc Annie
Published: November 2021

Introduction : Les approches de synthèses de connaissances classiques peuvent s’avérer difficiles à entreprendre en raison de leur complexité et risquent de s’éloigner de la réalité de la problématique à laquelle elles tentent de répondre. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une démarche méthodologique pour réaliser une synthèse des connaissances par paliers dans un très court délai, tout en favorisant l’engagement des parties prenantes. Sources d’information : Une synthèse rapide des connaissances pour répondre rapidement à un problème clinique identifié durant la pandémie de COVID-19 a été réalisée en collaboration avec des utilisateurs de connaissances. Discussion : La méthodologie par paliers a allié les méthodes de revue rapide, d’atelier de discussion, de consultation Delphi et de méta-analyse, en engageant les parties prenantes à chaque étape : 1) une revue rapide de revues systématiques a permis d’éclairer de façon générale les décisions cliniques en quelques semaines, 2-3) un atelier de discussion et une méthode Delphi ont permis respectivement de définir et de prioriser les orientations de l’analyse plus approfondie de la vaste littérature identifiée, 4) une méta-analyse secondaire des données des études primaires a permis de répondre aux demandes spécifiques des utilisateurs de connaissances. La rapidité de la séquence et de l’exécution des méthodes a également mis en évidence les faiblesses méthodologiques dans la conception et l’élaboration des méthodes. Implications et conclusion : Une approche par paliers permet de répondre rapidement aux besoins des utilisateurs de connaissances tout en assurant la pertinence et la qualité des résultats pour soutenir la prise de décision.
A construção de saberes no desenvolvimento profissional docente: narrativas de professores do IFPI
Authors: De Souza Santos Edileusa , Ferreira Lima Maria Divina , Mendes Tomaz dos Santos Guilherme
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa concluída no Mestrado em Educação, tendo como objetivo compreender como se constroem os saberes docentes mobilizados na prática docente pelo professor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com adoção do método autobiográfico, utilizando-se de narrativas autobiográficas profissionais como técnica de produção de dados. Como campo empírico da pesquisa, delimitou-se o IFPI; e, como participantes, professores bacharéis e tecnólogos. Nessa perspectiva, empregaram-se como instrumentos de produção de dados quatro rodas de conversa e entrevista narrativa. O tratamento dos dados deu-se por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, na perspectiva de Bardin (2016), com o auxílio técnico do software IRAMUTEQ. O estudo revelou que a principal ferramenta de construção dos saberes docentes ao longo da carreira dos professores bacharéis e tecnólogos da EPT é a experiência durante a prática docente. Os saberes docentes, com exceção dos saberes disciplinares, são construídos ao longo do desenvolvimento profissional docente, partindo, inicialmente, da concepção prévia sobre o que é ser professor, avançando para o aprendizado a partir da prática docente, assim como por meio das interações com os professores mais experientes e do contato com os alunos durante o processo educacional.
Vamos falar sobre ciganos? Projetos educacionais, representações e a desconstrução do estigma no ambiente escolar
Authors: Marques Leistner Rodrigo , Pedra Fanti Mabielle
Published: November 2021

O artigo aborda as complexidades que envolvem a inserção de temáticas como “povos ciganos” e “cultura cigana” no campo educacional. Tomando como ponto de partida o histórico de ações e caracterizações preconceituosas acerca desses povos na sociedade envolvente, o texto problematiza as formas através das quais essas realidades tensas podem ser “negociadas” no âmbito da escola, a partir de duas perspectivas: (i) avaliar o modo como as representações pejorativas acerca dos ciganos e suas culturas se atualizam no ambiente escolar; (ii) verificar as possibilidades de desconstrução daquelas representações a partir da realização de projetos educacionais específicos. Para tanto, em conjunto com revisão da literatura especializada e observação de dados secundários, analisou-se um conjunto de atividades pedagógicas dedicadas às questões étnico-raciais e à temática cigana empreendidas em uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental da rede pública da cidade de Rio Grande, região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Se por um lado evidencia-se a persistência de representações negativas acerca dos sujeitos e cultura cigana em certas comunidades escolares, avalia-se que determinados projetos educacionais potencializam o papel integrador da escola a partir de processos de reconhecimento dos diferentes saberes e da diversidade cultural e étnica da sociedade brasileira.
Human B cell lineages associated with germinal centers following influenza vaccination are measurably evolving
Authors: Hoehn Kenneth B , Turner Jackson S , Miller Frederick I , Jiang Ruoyi , Pybus Oliver G , Ellebedy Ali H , Kleinstein Steven H
Published: November 2021

The poor efficacy of seasonal influenza virus vaccines is often attributed to pre-existing immunity interfering with the persistence and maturation of vaccine-induced B cell responses. We previously showed that a subset of vaccine-induced B cell lineages are recruited into germinal centers (GCs) following vaccination, suggesting that affinity maturation of these lineages against vaccine antigens can occur. However, it remains to be determined whether seasonal influenza vaccination stimulates additional evolution of vaccine-specific lineages, and previous work has found no significant increase in somatic hypermutation among influenza-binding lineages sampled from the blood following seasonal vaccination in humans. Here, we investigate this issue using a phylogenetic test of measurable immunoglobulin sequence evolution. We first validate this test through simulations and survey measurable evolution across multiple conditions. We find significant heterogeneity in measurable B cell evolution across conditions, with enrichment in primary response conditions such as HIV infection and early childhood development. We then show that measurable evolution following influenza vaccination is highly compartmentalized: while lineages in the blood are rarely measurably evolving following influenza vaccination, lineages containing GC B cells are frequently measurably evolving. Many of these lineages appear to derive from memory B cells. We conclude from these findings that seasonal influenza virus vaccination can stimulate additional evolution of responding B cell lineages, and imply that the poor efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccination is not due to a complete inhibition of vaccine-specific B cell evolution.
Modulation of pulsatile GnRH dynamics across the ovarian cycle via changes in the network excitability and basal activity of the arcuate kisspeptin network
Authors: Voliotis Margaritis , Li Xiao Feng , De Burgh Ross Alexander , Lass Geffen , Ivanova Deyana , McIntyre Caitlin , O'Byrne Kevin , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira
Published: November 2021

Pulsatile GnRH release is essential for normal reproductive function. Kisspeptin secreting neurons found in the arcuate nucleus, known as KNDy neurons for co-expressing neurokinin B, and dynorphin, drive pulsatile GnRH release. Furthermore, gonadal steroids regulate GnRH pulsatile dynamics across the ovarian cycle by altering KNDy neurons' signalling properties. However, the precise mechanism of regulation remains mostly unknown. To better understand these mechanisms, we start by perturbing the KNDy system at different stages of the estrous cycle using optogenetics. We find that optogenetic stimulation of KNDy neurons stimulates pulsatile GnRH/LH secretion in estrous mice but inhibits it in diestrous mice. These in vivo results in combination with mathematical modelling suggest that the transition between estrus and diestrus is underpinned by well-orchestrated changes in neuropeptide signalling and in the excitability of the KNDy population controlled via glutamate signalling. Guided by model predictions, we show that blocking glutamate signalling in diestrous animals inhibits LH pulses, and that optic stimulation of the KNDy population mitigates this inhibition. In estrous mice, disruption of glutamate signalling inhibits pulses generated via sustained low-frequency optic stimulation of the KNDy population, supporting the idea that the level of network excitability is critical for pulse generation. Our results reconcile previous puzzling findings regarding the estradiol-dependent effect that several neuromodulators have on the GnRH pulse generator dynamics. Therefore, we anticipate our model to be a cornerstone for a more quantitative understanding of the pathways via which gonadal steroids regulate GnRH pulse generator dynamics. Finally, our results could inform useful repurposing of drugs targeting the glutamate system in reproductive therapy.
No fire without smoke (particles)
Authors: Holm Stephanie M , Balmes John
Published: November 2021

Pollution from landscape fires, which are increasing with climate change, leads to babies being born with lower birthweights in low- and middle-income countries.
Estimating the differences in critical thermal maximum and metabolic rate of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across life stages
Authors: Bawa Samuel A. , Gregg Peter C. , Del Soccoro Alice P. , Miller Cara , Andrew Nigel R.
Published: November 2021

Temperature is a crucial driver of insect activity and physiological processes throughout their life-history, and heat stress may impact life stages (larvae, pupae and adult) in different ways. Using thermolimit respirometry, we assessed the critical thermal maxima (CTmax-temperature at which an organism loses neuromuscular control), CO2 emission rate (V́CO2) and Q10 (a measure of V́CO2 temperature sensitivity) of three different life stages of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) by increasing their temperature exposure from 25 °C to 55 °C at a rate of 0.25 °C min−1. We found that the CTmax of larvae (49.1 °C ± 0.3 °C) was higher than pupae (47.4 °C ± 0.2 °C) and adults (46.9 °C ± 0.2 °C). The mean mass-specific CO2 emission rate (ml V́CO2 h−1) of larvae (0.26 ± 0.03 ml V́CO2 h−1) was also higher than adults (0.24 ± 0.04 ml V́CO2 h−1) and pupae (0.06 ± 0.02 ml V́CO2 h−1). The Q10: 25–35 °C for adults (2.01 ± 0.22) was significantly higher compared to larvae (1.40 ± 0.06) and Q10: 35–45 °C for adults (3.42 ± 0.24) was significantly higher compared to larvae (1.95 ± 0.08) and pupae (1.42 ± 0.98) respectively. We have established the upper thermal tolerance of H. punctigera, which will lead to a better understanding of the thermal physiology of this species both in its native range, and as a pest species in agricultural systems.
The Effect of Solvent-Modification on the Physicochemical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Shnain Zainab Yousif , Toma Manal Afham , Abdulhussein Basheer A. , Saleh Najat J. , Ibrahim Mohammed , Manuel Nerran , Mahmood Abbner
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the solvent effect on the synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle using sol-gel method. Zinc acetate dihydrate and oxalic acid were used as a chemical precursor for the synthesis of the ZnO nanoparticle considering the effects of various solvents. The effect of using water, propanol, or ethanol as solvent during the synthesis were examined. The resultant gel in the aqueous and organic moderate solvent was thermally cracked into ZnO nanoparticles at 450 °C under atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the solvent type has a significant effect on the morphology and particles size of the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the microstructure of the nanoparticles. The crystalline and chemical structure of the prepared ZnO nanoparticle were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The average diameter of nano-size particles obtained for ethanol, propanol and water are 79.55 nm, 83.86 nm and 85.59 nm, respectively. ZnO particles showed higher degree of crystalline in water compared to other solvents under current investigation. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Time‐resolved dosimetry with pencil‐beam scanning for quality assurance/quality control in particle therapy
Authors: Han Soorim , Furukawa Takuji , Hara Yousuke , Fukuda Shigekazu
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to measure dose in a scanning carbon beam‐irradiation field with high sampling rate that is sufficient for identifying spots and verifying the characteristics of the scanning beam that cannot generally be derived from the dose. To identify the spot, which is the smallest control unit of beam information during irradiation, effecting measurements with a sampling time of 10 μs or shorter is necessary. The provided dose within a specific time is referred to as time‐resolved dose (TRD). We designed a circuit for time‐resolved dosimetry using a fast‐data acquisition unit (SL1000, Yokogawa Electric Co.), which can measure 100 000 samples per second. Moreover, we used converters to enable a connection between an ionization chamber (IC) and the SL1000. TRD was measured successfully using point irradiation and two‐dimensional irradiation patterns in a scanned carbon beam. Based on the moving time of the spot obtained from the position monitor, the dose delivered to the IC from each spot position (spot dose) was interpreted. The spot dose, displacement of the chamber from the beam's center axis, and beam size were derived using TRD and position monitor outputs, which were measured concurrent with TRD. Spot dose up to a radius of 8 mm area from the IC's center were observed. Using the spot‐dose equations and simulation, we show that the spot dose of each position varies depending on the beam size and displacement of the IC's center from the beam's center axis. We devise an interpretation method for the characteristics that may apply to quality assurance, such as the verification of the trend for the beam axis and isocenter to coincide, as well as beam‐size verification.
Distant somatic hybridization alters the structure of wheat root bacterial microbiota
Authors: Yang Zhengting , Chen Xiaoyan , Huang Yufeng , Song Jiawang , Shi Tianlong , Li Yuke , Tang Xiaoxin , Yi Yin , Li Fei
Published: November 2021

Root microbiota affect the host plant's adaptation to adverse environments. The structure and function of plant root bacterial communities are affected by soil physicochemical properties and plant genotypes. Distant hybridization is a common breeding strategy to introgress the excellent genes of wild relatives into the crop genome. The effect of distant hybridization on the crop root microbiota has not been reported. In this study, the structure and function of root bacterial community of the somatic hybrid wheat introgression lines SR3 and SR4, which have been respectively reported to be tolerant to salt and saline‐alkali stress, and their parent wheat cultivar JN177 as well as common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) were analyzed using 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that distant hybridization altered the structure and function of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root bacterial community. Compared with the parent JN177, some bacterial genera related to plant growth and stress resistance showed higher abundance in SR3 and SR4. Intriguingly, compared with parent JN177, the root bacterial communities of SR3 and SR4 are more similar to that of CS. This indicated that the process of distant hybridization may alter key genes regulating wheat root microbiota.
Structural adaptations in plants from the humid equatorial Andes indicate a trade‐off between hydraulic transport efficiency and safety
Authors: Soukup Aleš , Pecková Eva , Ježková Barbora , Sklenář Petr
Published: November 2021

Premise

Environmental gradients of mountains are reflected in traits that are common to high‐elevation plants worldwide. Closely related species of Senecio from the equatorial Andes grow as broad‐leaved climbers in montane forests, basal broad‐leaved rosette herbs in azonal marshy habitats, and ascending, narrow‐leaved subshrubs in high‐elevation páramo. Habitat variation along the elevational gradient enables testing whether modifications in leaf and stem functional traits among species were driven by contrasting environmental conditions.

Methods

We used quantitative analyses to describe changes in morphological and anatomical traits of leaves and stems in 10 species from various habitats. We applied univariate (linear regression, hierarchical ANOVA) and multivariate (NMDS ordination, permutational MANOVA) techniques to examine the correlation of traits with the species' habitats and elevation.

Results

Species from the humid and frost‐free montane forest develop xylem optimized for transport efficiency by increasing the internal diameter and length of the conduits. In contrast, páramo species are optimized toward hydraulic safety by producing narrower conduits and are more likely to prevent the risk of frost‐induced cavitation. Moreover, species from the high‐elevation páramo habitats present a set of water‐transport‐related anatomical traits of leaf lamina, allowing for efficient regulation of transpiration losses.

Conclusions

Morphological and anatomical traits of leaves and stems in species of Senecio inhabiting montane forests and high‐elevation páramo in the equatorial Andes demonstrate a trade‐off between hydraulic safety and efficiency of water transport.
Perfusion Imaging Predicts Favorable Outcomes after Basilar Artery Thrombectomy
Authors: Cereda Carlo W. , Bianco Giovanni , Mlynash Michael , Yuen Nicole , Qureshi Abid Y. , Hinduja Archana , Dehkharghani Seena , Goldman‐Yassen Adam E. , Hsieh Kevin Li‐Chun , Giurgiutiu Dan‐Victor , Gibson Dan , Carrera Emmanuel , Alemseged Fana , Faizy Tobias D. , Fiehler Jens , Pileggi Marco , Campbell Bruce , Albers Gregory W. , Heit Jeremy J.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Perfusion imaging identifies anterior circulation stroke patients who respond favorably to endovascular thrombectomy (ET), but its role in basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is unknown. We hypothesized that BAO patients with limited regions of severe hypoperfusion (time to reach maximum concentration in seconds [Tmax] > 10) would have a favorable response to ET compared to patients with more extensive regions involved.

Methods

We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of BAO patients with perfusion imaging prior to ET. We prespecified a Critical Area Perfusion Score (CAPS; 0–6 points), which quantified severe hypoperfusion (Tmax > 10) in cerebellum (1 point/hemisphere), pons (2 points), and midbrain and/or thalamus (2 points). Patients were dichotomized into favorable (CAPS ≤ 3) and unfavorable (CAPS > 3) groups. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome 90 days after ET (modified Rankin Scale = 0–3).

Results

One hundred three patients were included. CAPS ≤ 3 patients (87%) had a lower median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS; 12.5, interquartile range [IQR] = 7–22) compared to CAPS > 3 patients (13%; 23, IQR = 19–36; p = 0.01). Reperfusion was achieved in 84% of all patients, with no difference between CAPS groups (p = 0.42). Sixty‐four percent of reperfused CAPS ≤ 3 patients had a favorable outcome compared to 8% of nonreperfused CAPS ≤ 3 patients (odds ratio [OR] = 21.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6–170; p < 0.001). No CAPS > 3 patients had a favorable outcome, regardless of reperfusion. In a multivariate regression analysis, CAPS ≤ 3 was a robust independent predictor of favorable outcome after adjustment for reperfusion, age, and pre‐ET NIHSS (OR = 39.25, 95% CI = 1.34–>999, p = 0.04).

Interpretation

BAO patients with limited regions of severe hypoperfusion had a favorable response to reperfusion following ET. However, patients with more extensive regions of hypoperfusion in critical brain regions did not benefit from endovascular reperfusion. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:23–32
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pn(I) (Pn=N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Cations
Authors: Deb Rahul , Balakrishna P. , Majumdar Moumita
Published: November 2021

The Group 15 Pn(I) cations (Pn=N, P, As, Sb and Bi), which are isoelectronic with the donor‐stabilized carbones, have emerged recently. Despite the presence of two lone pair of electrons, the Pn(I) cations are weakly nucleophilic due to their inherent positive charge. Strongly electron‐donating supporting ligands including zwitterionic forms have been used to enhance their Lewis basicity. Furthermore, the chelating effect of cyclic ligand systems proved effective in increasing their nucleophilicity. The strategies involved in successfully isolating the fleeting Sb(I) and Bi(I) cations as the recent most achievements in this field have been discussed. The syntheses, structure, bonding situations and reactivity of the Pn(I) cations are discussed. An outlook on the periodic trends and future applications of these electronically unique electron‐rich cationic moieties have been provided.
A lifespan perspective on decision‐making: A cross‐sectional comparison of middle childhood, young adulthood, and older adulthood
Authors: Lindow Stefanie , Lang Anna
Published: November 2021

Study 1 contributes to the sparse empirical research on decision‐making across the lifespan by presenting a direct comparison of middle‐aged children's (N = 40; fourth grade), younger adults' (N = 40; 20–39 years), and older adults' (N = 40; 62–82 years) adaptive decision‐making. Participants played a non‐probabilistic, multi‐attribute, information‐board decision game and completed a verbal skill test (serving as an indicator of crystallized intelligence). Information search and choices were analyzed for two task structures (manipulated within‐subjects; few vs. many relevant information‐dimensions). The competence to adapt search to the task structure was found from middle childhood to older adulthood. Also, participants of all age groups made comparably good, informed choices. Thus, results highlight similarities in decision‐making across a wide age range. Still, we observed distinct patterns on the process level. Older adults demonstrated difficulty in ignoring irrelevant information and searched an overly extensive information subset. In contrast, children showed an information‐frugal approach that was widely similar to younger adults. A reanalysis of Study 1's data and previous studies (N = 228) expands the child sample from third to sixth grade. It supports our main findings and suggests developmental improvement across childhood. In Study 2, we used a metacognition questionnaire to investigate the role of crystalized intelligence that might be a compensation mechanism for older adults (N = 63). We discuss implications for adaptive decision‐making models.