bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Chemical, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a CuAlBe Material Regarding Its Role as a Non-Sparking Material
Authors: Chelariu Romeo Gabriel , Cimpoesu Ramona , Jurca Adrian Marius , Popa Catalin Mihai , Benchea Marcelin , Badarau Gheorghe , Istrate Bogdan , Cazac Alin Marian , Cimpoesu Nicanor , Pintilie Dan-Dumitru , Vasilescu Gabriel Dragos , Bejinariu Costica
Published: May 2024

We developed and analyzed a novel non-sparking material based on CuAlBe for applications in potentially explosive environments. Using a master alloy of CuBe, an established material for anti-sparking tools used in oil fields, mines, or areas with potentially explosive gas accumulations, and pure Al, we used an Ar atmosphere induction furnace to obtain an alloy with ~10 wt% Al and ~2 wt% Be percentages and good chemical and structural homogeneity. The new material was tested in an explosive gaseous mixture (10% H2 or 6.5% CH4) under extremely strong wear for 16,000 cycles, and no hot sparks capable of igniting the environment were produced. The material was used in the form of hot-rolled plates obtained from melted ingots. The experimental results reflect the use of a suitable material for non-sparking tools. This material has good deformability during hot rolling, abnormal grain growth during deformation under heat treatment and special thermo-mechanical processing, and no high chemical composition variation. Additionally, there are slightly different corrosion resistance and mechanical properties between the melt and hot-rolled state of CuAlBe material. Through hot rolling, the material’s corrosion resistance increased, reducing the chances of generating sparks capable of causing explosions.
Thermodynamic Assessment of the P2O5-Na2O and P2O5-MgO Systems
Authors: Ye Lideng , Li Chenbo , Yang Jifeng , Xiao Guangcheng , Deng Zixuan , Liu Libin , Zhang Ligang , Jiang Yun
Published: May 2024

Knowledge about the thermodynamic equilibria of the P2O5-Na2O and P2O5-MgO systems is very important for controlling the phosphorus content of steel materials in the process of steelmaking dephosphorization. The phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data of the P2O5-Na2O and P2O5-MgO systems were critically evaluated and re-assessed by the CALPHAD (CAlculation of PHAse Diagram) approach. The liquid phase was described by the ionic two-sublattice model for the first time with the formulas (Na+1)P(O−2, PO3−1, PO4−3, PO5/2)Q and (Mg+2)P(O−2, PO3−1, PO4−3, PO5/2)Q, respectively, and the selection of the species constituting the liquid phase was based on the structure of the phosphate melts. A new and improved self-consistent set of thermodynamic parameters for the P2O5-Na2O and P2O5-MgO systems was finally obtained, and the calculated phase diagram and thermodynamic properties exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental data. The difference in the phase composition of invariant reactions from the experimentally determined values reported in the literature is less than 0.9 mol.%. The present thermodynamic modeling contributes to constructing a multicomponent oxide thermodynamic database in the process of steelmaking dephosphorization.
The Waelz Slag from Electric Arc Furnace Dust Processing: Characterization and Magnetic Separation Studies
Authors: Grudinsky Pavel , Yurtaeva Anfisa , Pankratov Denis , Pasechnik Liliya , Musaelyan Roman , Dyubanov Valery
Published: May 2024

The Waelz slag generated during electric arc furnace dust processing is an iron-rich product with significant amounts of iron, zinc and copper. About 600–800 kg of the Waelz slag is generated per ton of the dust processed. The Waelz slag samples from two different plants were thoroughly characterized using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), chemical phase analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy and other supporting methods. The phase distribution of iron, zinc and copper was determined in the Waelz slag samples. Low-intensity wet magnetic separation was tested for the iron recovery from the Waelz slag samples. It was found that the Waelz slag samples have complex chemical and mineralogical compositions, which can impede the selective recovery of valuable elements. The obtained results indicate that the chemical and mineralogical composition of the Waelz slag samples has a considerable effect on the magnetic separation indexes. The experiments showed that the iron concentrates with Fe contents of 73% and 46.8% with the metallization degrees of 87.2% and 57.5% and the iron recovery degree of 54.8% and 52.9% were obtained at optimal conditions for two different samples, respectively, without selective segregation of Cu and Zn in the magnetic or non-magnetic fraction.
RETRACTED: Lu et al. Implementation of Stochastic Analysis in Corporate Decision-Making Models. Mathematics 2021, 9, 1041
Authors: Lu Jin-Biao , Liu Zhi-Jiang , Tulenty Dmitry , Tsvetkova Liudmila , Kot Sebastian
Published: May 2024

The journal retracts the article entitled “Implementation of Stochastic Analysis in Corporate Decision-Making Models” [...]
A Reliable and Privacy-Preserving Vehicular Energy Trading Scheme Using Decentralized Identifiers
Authors: Kim Myeonghyun , Park Kisung , Park Youngho
Published: May 2024

As the usage of electric vehicles (EVs) expands, various energy management technologies, including battery energy storage systems, are being developed to efficiently charge EVs using various energy sources. In recent years, many blockchain-based energy trading schemes have been proposed for secure energy trading. However, existing schemes cannot fully solve privacy issues and security problems during energy trading. In this paper, we propose a reliable and privacy-preserving vehicular energy trading scheme utilizing decentralized identifier technology. In the proposed scheme, identity information and trading result information are not revealed publicly; this is due to the use of decentralized identifiers and verifiable credential technologies. Additionally, only parties who have successfully conducted energy trading can manage complete transaction information. We also demonstrate our method’s security and ensure privacy preservation by performing informal and formal security analyses. Furthermore, we analyze the performance and security features of the proposed scheme and related works and show that the proposed scheme has competitive performance.
Absolute Value Inequality SVM for the PU Learning Problem
Authors: Yuan Yongjia , Bai Fusheng
Published: May 2024

Positive and unlabeled learning (PU learning) is a significant binary classification task in machine learning; it focuses on training accurate classifiers using positive data and unlabeled data. Most of the works in this area are based on a two-step strategy: the first step is to identify reliable negative examples from unlabeled examples, and the second step is to construct the classifiers based on the positive examples and the identified reliable negative examples using supervised learning methods. However, these methods always underutilize the remaining unlabeled data, which limits the performance of PU learning. Furthermore, many methods require the iterative solution of the formulated quadratic programming problems to obtain the final classifier, resulting in a large computational cost. In this paper, we propose a new method called the absolute value inequality support vector machine, which applies the concept of eccentricity to select reliable negative examples from unlabeled data and then constructs a classifier based on the positive examples, the selected negative examples, and the remaining unlabeled data. In addition, we apply a hyperparameter optimization technique to automatically search and select the optimal parameter values in the proposed algorithm. Numerical experimental results on ten real-world datasets demonstrate that our method is better than the other three benchmark algorithms.
A Dynamic Hierarchical Improved Tyrannosaurus Optimization Algorithm with Hybrid Topology Structure
Authors: Zhang Shihong , Shi Hu , Wang Baizhong , Ma Chunlu , Li Qinghua
Published: May 2024

Aiming at the problems of the Tyrannosaurus optimization algorithm, of poor search accuracy, insufficient global search capability, and ease of falling into local optimality, a dynamic hierarchical improved Tyrannosaurus optimization algorithm (DHTROA) with hybrid topology structure is proposed. Initially, a chaotic opposition-based learning approach is selected to start the population, ensuring a more uniform distribution of prey across the solution area and boosting population diversity; later, a dynamic hybrid bi-population strategy is introduced to divide the initial population into an ‘advantaged group’ and a ‘disadvantaged group’ to improve the efficiency of individual information exchange. Finally, the ‘advantaged group’ and ‘disadvantaged group’ are hunted synchronously; for the ‘advantaged group’, the position update is carried out using the cellular ring topology strategy, and for the ‘disadvantaged group’, the original algorithm is run in accordance with the main loop process. For the problem of the constant running rate of the Tyrannosaurus in the original algorithm, an adaptive running rate strategy is proposed, which enhances the ability of global optimization, and at the same time, the shortcomings of the original algorithm’s ‘failure’ strategy are improved in order to enhance the original algorithm to jump out of extrema. DHTROA was tested for performance with nine optimization algorithms in different dimensions of the CEC2017 test function. The efficiency of these enhancements was confirmed through the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Friedman test, while DHTROA was utilized for six engineering optimization challenges of differing complexities. The experimental results show that DHTROA has improved greatly in convergence speed, optimality search accuracy, global search ability, and stability, and the excellent engineering optimization performance also proves the excellent robustness of DHTROA.
The Relationship between Frontal QRS-T Angle and Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Demir Fulya Avcı , Bingöl Gülsüm , Ersoy İbrahim , Arslan Akif , Ersoy Pınar , Demir Meltem , Ünlü Serkan
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives: A deficiency in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels is associated with a number of cardiovascular situations, such as high blood pressure, heart failure, atherosclerotic heart disease, and peripheral artery disease. The frontal QRS-T angle has recently been proposed as a marker of ventricular repolarization. A wider frontal QRS-T angle has been positively correlated with adverse cardiac events. The objective of our study was to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the frontal QRS-T angle. Materials and Methods: A total of 173 consecutive patients aged 18–60 years undergoing routine cardiology check-up evaluation, and not receiving concurrent vitamin D treatment were included in the study. Patients were classified in three groups, depending on their vitamin D levels, and categorized as follows: Group 1—deficient (<20 ng/mL), Group 2—insufficient (20–29 ng/mL), or Group 3—optimal (≥30 ng/mL). The frontal QRS-T angle was determined using the automated reports generated by the electrocardiography machine. Results: The average age of participants was 45.8 (±12.2) years, and 55.5% of participants were female (p < 0.001). Individuals with low vitamin D concentrations exhibited a wider frontal QRS-T angle. It was determined that vitamin D level is an independent predictive factor for the frontal QRS-T angle. Conclusions: As the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D decrease, repolarization time assessed by frontal QRS-T angle is widened. Our findings indicate that lower concentrations of vitamin D may increase the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia.
Endovascular Transvenous versus Open Femoropopliteal Bypass
Authors: Rumba Roberts , Krievins Dainis , Ezite Natalija , Lacis Aigars , Mouttet Ludovic , Vavere Anda L. , Zarins Christopher K.
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives: Lower extremity arterial disease is one of the most prevalent manifestations of atherosclerosis. The results from numerous studies regarding the best revascularization method of an occluded superficial femoral artery have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to compare the patency of transvenous endovascular with open femoropopliteal bypass, both with vein and prosthetic grafts. To our knowledge, a direct patency comparison between transvenous endovascular and open femoropopliteal bypass has not been published. This could help elucidate which method is preferable and in which cases. Materials and Methods: Patients with complex TASC-C and D SFA lesions were offered endovascular transvenous or open bypass. A total of 384 consecutive patients with PAD requiring surgical treatment were evaluated for inclusion in this study. Three-year follow-up data were collected for 52 endovascular procedures, 80 prosthetic grafts, and 44 venous bypass surgeries. Bypass patency was investigated by Duplex US every 6 months. Kaplan–Meier plots were used to analyze primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency for endovascular transvenous, autovenous, and prosthetic bypasses. Results: Primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency in venous group at 3 years was 70.5%, 77.3%, and 77.3%, respectively. In the endovascular transvenous group, primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency at 3 years was 46.2%, 69.2%, and 76.9%, respectively. The lowest patency rates at 3 years were noted in the prosthetic graft group with 22.5% primary, 26.6% primary-assisted, and 28.2% secondary patency. Conclusions: The saphenous vein is the best graft to perform in above-the-knee femoropopliteal bypass. Transvenous endovascular bypass is a viable option with comparable primary-assisted and secondary patency. Primary patency is substantially lower for endovascular transvenous compared to venous bypass. Patients treated with endovascular transvenous bypass will require a significant number of secondary procedures to provide optimal patency. Prosthetic grafts should only be used if no other option for bypass is available.
Micro-Scale Particle Tracking: From Conventional to Data-Driven Methods
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Hong Liu , Chamorro Leonardo P.
Published: May 2024

Micro-scale positioning techniques have become essential in numerous engineering systems. In the field of fluid mechanics, particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) stands out as a key method for tracking individual particles and reconstructing flow fields. Here, we present an overview of the micro-scale particle tracking methodologies that are predominantly employed for particle detection and flow field reconstruction. It covers various methods, including conventional and data-driven techniques. The advanced techniques, which combine developments in microscopy, photography, image processing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence, are making significant strides and will greatly benefit a wide range of scientific and engineering fields.
Integrated LSPR Biosensing Signal Processing Strategy and Visualization Implementation
Authors: Zhou Mixing , Geng Zhaoxin
Published: May 2024

The LSPR biosensor chip is a groundbreaking tool popular in laboratory settings for identifying disease markers. However, its use in clinical environments is not as widespread. One notable gap is the lack of a universal signal processing tool for LSPR biosensing. To escalate its precision, there is an emerging need for software that not only optimizes signal processing but also incorporates self-verification functionalities within LSPR biochemical sensors. Enter the visual LSPR sensor software—an innovative platform that processes real-time transmission or reflection spectra. This advanced software adeptly captures the nuanced structural changes at the nanostructure interface prompted by environmental fluctuations. It diligently records and computes a suite of parameters, including the resonance wavelength shift, full width at half maximum, sensitivity, and quality factor. These features empower users to tailor processing algorithms for each data capture session. Transcending traditional instruments, this method accommodates a multitude of parameters and ensures robust result validation while tactfully navigating nanostructure morphology complexities. Forsaking third-party tool dependencies, the software tackles challenges of precision and cost-effectiveness head-on, heralding a significant leap forward in nanophotonics, especially for high-throughput LSPR biosensing applications. This user-centric innovation marks substantial progress in biochemical detection. It is designed to serve both researchers and practitioners in the field of nanophotonic sensing technology, simplifying complexity while enhancing reliability and efficiency.
Methodological Considerations Regarding the Quantification of DNA Impurities in the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Comirnaty®
Authors: König Brigitte , Kirchner Jürgen O.
Published: May 2024

DNA impurities can impact the safety of genetically engineered pharmaceuticals; thus, a specific limit value must be set for them during marketing authorisation. This particularly applies to mRNA vaccines, as large quantities of DNA templates are used for their production. Furthermore, when quantifying the total DNA content in the final product, we must observe that, in addition to the mRNA active ingredient, DNA impurities are also encased in lipid nanoparticles and are therefore difficult to quantify. In fact, the manufacturer of the mRNA vaccine Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer) only measures DNA impurities in the active substance by means of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whose DNA target sequence is less than just 1% of the originally added DNA template. This means that no direct DNA quantification takes place, and compliance with the limit value for DNA contamination is only estimated from the qPCR data using mathematical extrapolation methods. However, it is also possible to dissolve the lipid nanoparticles with a detergent to directly measure DNA contamination in the final product by using fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Experimental testing of this approach confirms that reliable values can be obtained in this way.
Gender Differences in Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Overweight and Obese Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease before and after 8 Weeks of Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Rinaldi Roberta , De Nucci Sara , Donghia Rossella , Donvito Rosanna , Cerabino Nicole , Di Chito Martina , Penza Alice , Mongelli Francesco Pio , Shahini Endrit , Zappimbulso Marianna , Pesole Pasqua Letizia , Coletta Sergio , Triggiani Vincenzo , Cozzolongo Raffaele , Giannelli Gianluigi , De Pergola Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked to steatotic liver disease (SLD), the most common form of chronic liver disease. Lifestyle modifications and dieting are strategies that can prevent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a helpful treatment for MASLD and has been recommended for people affected by obesity; we evaluated the effect of gender on steatosis and fibrosis in a cohort of 112 overweight or obese patients undergoing an eight-week treatment with a VLCKD. Differences between the genders in terms of anthropometric measures, body composition, and metabolic indicators were examined before, during, and after the nutritional intervention. At baseline, there were significant differences between men and women in terms of anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin, hepatic markers, and lipid profile. Men had considerably higher levels of liver steatosis (measured by CAP) and liver stiffness (measured by E) under basal conditions than women. After the VLCKD, there were reductions in both genders of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, fat mass (FM), free fat mass (FFM), and fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), and uric acid levels. Only in men, liver stiffness, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels significantly decreased. Moreover, men had significantly greater levels of liver steatosis: the male gender featured an increase of 23.96 points of the Fibroscan CAP. Men exhibited higher levels of steatosis and fibrosis than women, and these differences persist despite VLCKD. These gender-specific variations in steatosis and fibrosis levels could be caused by hormonal and metabolic factors, suggesting that different therapeutic strategies might be required depending on the gender.
Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa Outcomes before, during and after the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Dalle Grave Riccardo , Chimini Mirko , Cattaneo Gianmatteo , Dalle Grave Anna , Ferretti Loretta , Parolini Sofia , Calugi Simona
Published: May 2024

Studies comparing treatment outcomes in patients with eating disorders before and during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have yielded conflicting results. Furthermore, no study has yet evaluated treatment outcomes in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa before, during and after the crisis. Hence, this study investigated the outcomes of an intensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced (CBT-E) program on adolescents with anorexia nervosa consecutively treated before (n = 64), during (n = 37) and after (n = 31) the period of emergency spanning 8 March 2020 to 31 March 2022. Results show consistent and similar improvements in eating disorder psychopathology, general psychopathology and body mass index-for-age percentiles across all three periods, with approximately 60% of patients maintaining a full response at the 20-week follow-up, suggesting that treatment efficacy remained robust. Overall, the study underscores the effectiveness of intensive CBT-E as a viable treatment option for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, even during and after unprecedented challenges such as those posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dietary Supplements in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Trimarco Bruno , Santulli Gaetano
Published: May 2024

Recent research has sparked increasing interest in the effects of dietary supplements on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders [...]
Timing Matters: Time of Day Impacts the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine—A Narrative Review
Authors: Zhang Ye , Yang Weijun , Xue Yizhang , Hou Dingchun , Chen Songyue , Xu Zhiqin , Peng Sijia , Zhao Haotian , Wang Can , Liu Chang
Published: May 2024

Caffeine has attracted significant attention from researchers in the sports field due to its well-documented ergogenic effects across various athletic disciplines. As research on caffeine continues to progress, there has been a growing emphasis on evaluating caffeine dosage and administration methods. However, investigations into the optimal timing of caffeine intake remain limited. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to assess the ergogenic effects of caffeine administration at different times during the morning (06:00 to 10:00) and evening (16:00 to 21:00). The review findings suggest that circadian rhythms play a substantial role in influencing sports performance, potentially contributing to a decline in morning performance. Caffeine administration has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating this phenomenon, resulting in ergogenic effects and performance enhancement, even comparable to nighttime levels. While the specific mechanisms by which caffeine regulates circadian rhythms and influences sports performance remain unclear, this review also explores the mechanisms underlying caffeine’s ergogenic effects, including the adenosine receptor blockade, increased muscle calcium release, and modulation of catecholamines. Additionally, the narrative review underscores caffeine’s indirect impact on circadian rhythms by enhancing responsiveness to light-induced phase shifts. Although the precise mechanisms through which caffeine improves morning performance declines via circadian rhythm regulation necessitate further investigations, it is noteworthy that the timing of caffeine administration significantly affects its ergogenic effects during exercise. This emphasizes the importance of considering caffeine intake timing in future research endeavors to optimize its ergogenic potential and elucidate its mechanisms.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal
Authors: Matos Ana Cristina , Figueira Luis , Martins Maria Helena , Cardoso Luís , Matos Manuela , Pinto Maria de Lurdes , Coelho Ana Cláudia
Published: May 2024

Paratuberculosis, or Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. The agent was also found in wild mammals such as wild boar (Sus scrofa); however, the role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of MAP is unclear. During the research period, 941 free-ranging wild boar (S. scrofa) legally hunted in two locations in the central–eastern region of Portugal were examined. Ninety-seven wild boars exhibited one or more gross lesions and were tested for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using acid-fast staining, mycobacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathological examination. Forty-five animals (46.4%, 95% CI: 36.5–56.3%) were identified as infected, as indicated by positive results in culture and/or PCR. The findings revealed that the most significant risk factor was being a juvenile compared to yearlings and adults (OR = 10.2, 95% CI: 2.2–48.0). Based on our results, 37.9% (n = 11) of the infected animals were considered suitable for human consumption. Our findings offer novel insights into mycobacterial infections in wild boar populations in Portugal and suggest that wild boar could be a source of human infection if zoonotic potential is considered.
Exploring Synergistic Interactions between Natural Compounds and Conventional Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Preclinical Models of Lung Cancer
Authors: Boța Mihaela , Vlaia Lavinia , Jîjie Alex-Robert , Marcovici Iasmina , Crişan Flavia , Oancea Cristian , Dehelean Cristina Adriana , Mateescu Tudor , Moacă Elena-Alina
Published: May 2024

In the current work, the synergy between natural compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs is comprehensively reviewed in light of current preclinical research findings. The prognosis for lung cancer patients is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 18.1%. The use of natural compounds in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs has gained significant attention as a potential novel approach in the treatment of lung cancer. The present work highlights the importance of finding more effective therapies to increase survival rates. Chemotherapy is a primary treatment option for lung cancer but it has limitations such as reduced effectiveness because cancer cells become resistant. Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants have shown promising anticancer or chemopreventive properties and their synergistic effect has been observed when combined with conventional therapies. The combined use of an anti-cancer drug and a natural compound exhibits synergistic effects, enhancing overall therapeutic actions against cancer cells. In conclusion, this work provides an overview of the latest preclinical research on medicinal plants and plant-derived compounds as alternative or complementary treatment options for lung cancer chemotherapy and discusses the potential of natural compounds in treating lung cancer with minimal side effects.
Bioactivity Profiling of Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton) J. Schröt. 1888: Implications for Its Possible Application in Enhancing Women’s Reproductive Health
Authors: Ilić Djordje , Karaman Maja , Bogavac Mirjana , Mišković Jovana , Rašeta Milena
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the bioactivity profile of wood-rotting fungal species Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton) J. Schröt. 1888, focusing on its antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities and enzyme modulation properties with respect to its possible application in terms of enhancing women’s reproductive health. Two types of extracts, including those based on EtOH extraction (DC) and hydrodistillation (DCHD), were investigated. The results indicate that the radical scavenging capacity against the DPPH radical and reduction potential were stronger in the DC extracts owing to the higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (25.30 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g d.w. and 2.84 ± 0.85 mg QE/g d.w., respectively). The same trend was observed in the protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity and in the genotoxic activity against the δ virus since only the DC extract exhibited DNA disintegration regarding a dilution of 1:100. Conversely, the DCHD extract exhibited increased hemolytic and cytotoxic effects (339.39% and IC50 = 27.76 ± 0.89 μg/mL—72 h incubation, respectively), along with greater inhibition of the AChE enzyme (IC50 = 3.11 ± 0.45 mg/mL) and hemolytic activity. These results suggest that terpenoids and steroids may be responsible for the observed activity in DCHD as these compounds could potentially be extracted following the HD procedure. This comprehensive bioactivity profiling offers valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of D. confragosa from Serbia and underscores the importance of further investigations for harnessing its pharmacological potential.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Phellodendron Amurense Ruprecht Extract as a Natural Anti-Caries Material
Authors: Kim Yu-Rin , Kim Gyoo-Cheon , Nam Seoul-Hee
Published: May 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht (PAR) extract against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and explore the possibility of using PAR extract as an anticariogenic agent. Methods: Mixed extracts were prepared at 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL concentrations, and an S. mutans-containing solution of 100 μL was inoculated into the medium. The survival rate of human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells was assessed to confirm stability. One-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity against S. mutans and the proliferation of HaCaT cells. Results: Higher concentrations of the PAR extract showed more growth inhibition of S. mutans over time, with the complete inactivation of S. mutans at 5 mg/mL. HaCaT cell density was reduced at a PAR extract concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, but IC50 was not observed, confirming that the concentration used did not affect the cytotoxicity and proliferation. Conclusions: Results showed that the PAR extract was excellent as a natural substance with anticariogenic effects that inhibited the growth of S. mutans and did not affect the cell viability, thus indicating the potential for clinical application.
Trends in Targeted Therapy Usage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: TRENDY Study of ENEIDA
Authors: Gómez-Labrador Celia , Ricart Elena , Iborra Marisa , Iglesias Eva , Martín-Arranz María Dolores , de Castro Luisa , De Francisco Ruth , García-Alonso Francisco Javier , Sanahuja Ana , Gargallo-Puyuelo Carla J. , Mesonero Francisco , Casanova María José , Mañosa Míriam , Rivero Montserrat , Calvo Marta , Sierra-Ausin Mónica , González-Muñoza Carlos , Calvet Xavier , García-López Santiago , Guardiola Jordi , Arias García Lara , Márquez-Mosquera Lucía , Gutiérrez Ana , Zabana Yamile , Navarro-Llavat Mercè , Lorente Poyatos Rufo , Piqueras Marta , Torrealba Leyanira , Bermejo Fernando , Ponferrada-Díaz Ángel , Pérez-Calle José L. , Acosta Manuel Barreiro-de , Tejido Coral , Cabriada José Luis , Marín-Jiménez Ignacio , Roncero Óscar , Ber Yolanda , Fernández-Salazar Luis , Camps Aler Blau , Lucendo Alfredo J. , Llaó Jordina , Bujanda Luis , Muñoz Villafranca Carmen , Domènech Eugeni , Chaparro María , Gisbert Javier P.
Published: May 2024

Markers that allow for the selection of tailored treatments for individual patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are yet to be identified. Our aim was to describe trends in real-life treatment usage. For this purpose, patients from the ENEIDA registry who received their first targeted IBD treatment (biologics or tofacitinib) between 2015 and 2021 were included. A subsequent analysis with Machine Learning models was performed. The study included 10,009 patients [71% with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 29% with ulcerative colitis (UC)]. In CD, anti-TNF (predominantly adalimumab) were the main agents in the 1st line of treatment (LoT), although their use declined over time. In UC, anti-TNF (mainly infliximab) use was predominant in 1st LoT, remaining stable over time. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab were the most prescribed drugs in 2nd and 3rd LoT in CD and UC, respectively. Overall, the use of biosimilars increased over time. Machine Learning failed to identify a model capable of predicting treatment patterns. In conclusion, drug positioning is different in CD and UC. Anti-TNF were the most used drugs in IBD 1st LoT, being adalimumab predominant in CD and infliximab in UC. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab have gained importance in CD and UC, respectively. The approval of biosimilars had a significant impact on treatment.
Shape Matters: Impact of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Morphology on Anti-Tumor Efficacy
Authors: Fang Weixiang , Yu Kailing , Zhang Songhan , Jiang Lai , Zheng Hongyue , Huang Qiaoling , Li Fanzhu
Published: May 2024

A nanoparticle’s shape is a critical determinant of its biological interactions and therapeutic effectiveness. This study investigates the influence of shape on the performance of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) in anticancer therapy. MSNs with spherical, rod-like, and hexagonal-plate-like shapes were synthesized, with particle sizes of around 240 nm, and their other surface properties were characterized. The drug loading capacities of the three shapes were controlled to be 47.46%, 49.41%, and 46.65%, respectively. The effects of shape on the release behaviors, cellular uptake mechanisms, and pharmacological behaviors of MSNs were systematically investigated. Through a series of in vitro studies using 4T1 cells and in vivo evaluations in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, the release kinetics, cellular behaviors, pharmacological effects, circulation profiles, and therapeutic efficacy of MSNs were comprehensively assessed. Notably, hexagonal-plate-shaped MSNs loaded with PTX exhibited a prolonged circulation time (t1/2 = 13.59 ± 0.96 h), which was approximately 1.3 times that of spherical MSNs (t1/2 = 10.16 ± 0.38 h) and 1.5 times that of rod-shaped MSNs (t1/2 = 8.76 ± 1.37 h). This research underscores the significance of nanoparticles’ shapes in dictating their biological interactions and therapeutic outcomes, providing valuable insights for the rational design of targeted drug delivery systems in cancer therapy.
Seasonality Affects Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids and Phenolic Compounds’ Composition in Scots Pine Litterfall
Authors: Ilek Anna , Gąsecka Monika , Magdziak Zuzanna , Saitanis Costas , Siegert Courtney M.
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims: Secondary plant metabolites, including organic acids and phenolic compounds, have a significant impact on the properties of organic matter in soil, influencing its structure and function. How the production of these compounds in foliage that falls to the forest floor as litterfall varies across tree age and seasonality are of considerable interest for advancing our understanding of organic matter dynamics. Methods: Monthly, we collected fallen needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) across stands of five different age classes (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 years) for one year and measured the organic acids and phenolic compounds. Results: Seven low-molecular-weight organic acids and thirteen phenolic compounds were detected in the litterfall. No differences were observed across stand age. Significant seasonal differences were detected. Most compounds peaked during litterfall in the growing season. Succinic acid was the most prevalent organic acid in the litterfall, comprising 78% of total organic acids (351.27 ± 34.27 µg g− 1), and was 1.5 to 11.0 times greater in the summer than all other seasons. Sinapic acid was the most prevalent phenolic compound in the litterfall (42.15 µg g− 1), representing 11% of the total phenolic compounds, and was 39.8 times greater in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter. Growing season peaks in needle concentrations were observed for all thirteen phenolic compounds and two organic acids (lactic, succinic). Citric acid exhibited a definitive peak in late winter into early spring. Conclusions: Our results highlight the seasonal dynamics of the composition of secondary plant metabolites in litterfall, which is most different at the onset of the growing season. Fresh inputs of litterfall at this time of emerging biological activity likely have seasonal impacts on soil’s organic matter composition as well.
Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa: A New Screening Method Adapted to Panicles and GWAS Components
Authors: Ocaña-Gallegos Cristina , Liang Meijing , McGinty Emma , Zhang Zhiwu , Murphy Kevin M. , Hauvermale Amber L.
Published: May 2024

The introduction of quinoa into new growing regions and environments is of interest to farmers, consumers, and stakeholders around the world. Many plant breeding programs have already started to adapt quinoa to the environmental and agronomic conditions of their local fields. Formal quinoa breeding efforts in Washington State started in 2010, led by Professor Kevin Murphy out of Washington State University. Preharvest sprouting appeared as the primary obstacle to increased production in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest. Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is the undesirable sprouting of seeds that occurs before harvest, is triggered by rain or humid conditions, and is responsible for yield losses and lower nutrition in cereal grains. PHS has been extensively studied in wheat, barley, and rice, but there are limited reports for quinoa, partly because it has only recently emerged as a problem. This study aimed to better understand PHS in quinoa by adapting a PHS screening method commonly used in cereals. This involved carrying out panicle-wetting tests and developing a scoring scale specific for panicles to quantify sprouting. Assessment of the trait was performed in a diversity panel (N = 336), and the resulting phenotypes were used to create PHS tolerance rankings and undertake a GWAS analysis (n = 279). Our findings indicate that PHS occurred at varying degrees across a subset of the quinoa germplasm tested and that it is possible to access PHS tolerance from natural sources. Ultimately, these genotypes can be used as parental lines in future breeding programs aiming to incorporate tolerance to PHS.
Phytoparasitic Nematodes of Musa spp. with Emphasis on Sources of Genetic Resistance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sousa Amanda Bahiano Passos , Rocha Anelita de Jesus , Oliveira Wanderley Diaciso dos Santos , Rocha Leandro de Souza , Amorim Edson Perito
Published: May 2024

Bananas are a staple food that considerably contributes to both food security and income generation, especially in countries of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. The banana plant (Musa spp.) is affected by various pathogens, of main concern being the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere, the most important of which are Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode), Helicotylenchus sp. (spiral nematode), Pratylenchus sp. (root lesion nematode), and Meloidogyne sp. (gall nematode). Infected plants reduce their ability to absorb water and nutrients, which can lead to delayed flowering, fewer bunches, and lower fruit mass. Obtaining nematode-resistant banana cultivars through genetic improvement is an effective and sustainable option compared with chemical control with nematicides. Here, we provide the first systematic review of existing banana sources of resistance to nematodes to aid the management and control of nematodes in banana and plantain crops. Articles selected from different databases were evaluated, and searches were conducted using pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. We found 69 studies dealing with genetic improvement for nematode resistance in banana cultivation. Our findings revealed that sources of resistance are currently under investigation to combat the diseases caused by different nematode species in banana plants.
Bt-Modified Transgenic Rice May Shift the Composition and Diversity of Rhizosphere Microbiota
Authors: Huang Qixing , Zhang Yuliang , Tan Yanhua , Kong Hua , Cao Yang , Wang Jungang , Yin Guohua , Guo Anping
Published: May 2024

Plants significantly shape root-associated microbiota, making rhizosphere microbes useful environmental indicator organisms for safety assessment. Here, we report the pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in rhizosphere soil samples collected from transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac Bt rice Huahui No. 1 (GM crop) and its parental counterpart, Minghui63. We identified a total of 2579 quantifiable bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Many treatment-enriched microbial OTUs were identified, including 14 NonGM-enriched OTUs and 10 GM-enriched OTUs. OTUs belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Chlorobi and GN04 were identified as statistically different in abundance between GM and the other two treatments. Compared with the different impacts of different rice varieties on microbiota, the impact of rice planting on microbiota is more obvious. Furthermore, Huahui No. 1 transgenic Bt rice had a greater impact on the rhizosphere bacterial communities than Minghui63. Early developmental stages of the transgenic Bt rice had a significant impact on many Bacillaceae communities. Soil chemical properties were not significantly altered by the presence of transgenic Bt rice. The peak concentration level of Bt protein products was detected during the seedling stage of transgenic Bt rice, which may be an intriguing factor for bacterial diversity variations. Based on these findings, we conclude that transgenic Bt rice has a significant impact on root-associated bacteria. This information may be leveraged in future environmental safety assessments of transgenic Bt rice varieties.
A Comparison of Three-Layer and Single-Layer Small Vascular Grafts Manufactured via the Roto-Evaporation Method
Authors: Zumbardo-Bacelis Gualberto Antonio , Peponi Laura , Vargas-Coronado Rossana Faride , Rodríguez-Velázquez Eustolia , Alatorre-Meda Manuel , Chevallier Pascale , Copes Francesco , Mantovani Diego , Abraham Gustavo A. , Cauich-Rodríguez Juan Valerio
Published: May 2024

This study used the roto-evaporation technique to engineer a 6 mm three-layer polyurethane vascular graft (TVG) that mimics the architecture of human coronary artery native vessels. Two segmented polyurethanes were synthesized using lysine (SPUUK) and ascorbic acid (SPUAA), and the resulting materials were used to create the intima and adventitia layers, respectively. In contrast, the media layer of the TVG was composed of a commercially available polyurethane, Pearlbond 703 EXP. For comparison purposes, single-layer vascular grafts (SVGs) from individual polyurethanes and a polyurethane blend (MVG) were made and tested similarly and evaluated according to the ISO 7198 standard. The TVG exhibited the highest circumferential tensile strength and longitudinal forces compared to single-layer vascular grafts of lower thicknesses made from the same polyurethanes. The TVG also showed higher suture and burst strength values than native vessels. The TVG withstood up to 2087 ± 139 mmHg and exhibited a compliance of 0.15 ± 0.1%/100 mmHg, while SPUUK SVGs showed a compliance of 5.21 ± 1.29%/100 mmHg, akin to coronary arteries but superior to the saphenous vein. An indirect cytocompatibility test using the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed 90 to 100% viability for all polyurethanes, surpassing the minimum 70% threshold needed for biomaterials deemed cytocompatibility. Despite the non-cytotoxic nature of the polyurethane extracts when grown directly on the surface, they displayed poor fibroblast adhesion, except for SPUUK. All vascular grafts showed hemolysis values under the permissible limit of 5% and longer coagulation times.
Four-Component Statistical Copolymers by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Vagenas Dimitrios , Pispas Stergios
Published: May 2024

This manuscript serves as the starting point for in-depth research of multicomponent, statistical, methacrylate-based copolymers that potentially mimic the behavior of proteins in aqueous solutions. These synthetic macromolecules are composed of specially chosen comonomers: methacrylic acid (MAA), oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA475), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and benzyl methacrylate (BzMA). Monomer choice was based on factors such as the chemical nature of pendant functional groups, the polyelectrolyte/polyampholyte and amphiphilic character and the overall hydrophobic–hydrophilic balance (HLB) of the obtained quaterpolymers. Their synthesis was achieved via a one-pot reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in two distinct compositions and molecular architectures, linear and hyperbranched, respectively, in order to explore the effects of macromolecular topology. The resulting statistical quaterpolymers were characterized via 1H-NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies. Their behavior in aqueous solutions was studied by dynamic (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), producing vital information concerning their self-assembly and the structure of the formed aggregates. The physicochemical studies were extended by tuning parameters such as the solution pH and ionic strength. Finally, the quaterpolymer behavior in FBS/PBS solutions was investigated to test their colloid stability and biocompatibility in an in vivo-mimicking, biological fluid environment.
Progress of Optimization in Manufacturing Industries and Energy System
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Yang Qiangda , You Yuwen
Published: May 2024

The manufacturing and energy industry are typical complex large systems which cover a long cycle such as design [...]
Confluence Effect of Debris-Filled Damage and Temperature Variations on Guided-Wave Ultrasonic Testing (GWUT)
Authors: Olisa Samuel C. , Khan Muhammad A.
Published: May 2024

Continuous monitoring of structural health is essential for the timely detection of damage and avoidance of structural failure. Guided-wave ultrasonic testing (GWUT) assesses structural damages by correlating its sensitive features with the damage parameter of interest. However, few or no studies have been performed on the detection and influence of debris-filled damage on GWUT under environmental conditions. This paper used the pitch–catch technique of GWUT, signal cross-correlation, statistical root mean square (RMS) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) to study the combined influence of varying debris-filled damage percentages and temperatures on damage detection. Through experimental result analysis, a predictive model with an R2 of about 78% and RMSE values of about 7.5×10−5 was established. When validated, the model proved effective, with a comparable relative error of less than 10%.