bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-level and system-level opioid prescribing policies: The impact on provider practices and overdose deaths, a systematic review
Authors: Beaudoin, MD, MS Francesca L. , Banerjee, MPH Geetanjoli N. , Mello, MD, MPH Michael J.
Published: February 2018

Objective: In response to persistent public health concerns regarding prescription opioids, many states and healthcare systems have implemented legislation and policies intended to regulate or guide opioid prescribing. The overall impact of these policies is still uncertain. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the existing evidence of provider-level and patient-level outcomes preimplementation and postimplementation of policies and legislation constructed to impact provider prescribing practices around opioid analgesics. Design: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted to identify studies evaluating the impact of opioid prescribing policies on provider-level and patient-level outcomes. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Results: Eleven studies were included in the review. A meta-analysis was not possible due to between-study heterogeneity. Six of the studies assessed state-level policies, and five were at the level of the healthcare system or hospital. Studies showed temporal associations between policy implementation and reductions in opioid prescribing, as well as opioid-related overdoses. Results were mixed regarding the impact of policies on misuse. The majority of the studies were judged to be of low quality based on the GRADE criteria.Conclusions: There is low to moderate quality evidence suggesting that the presence of opioid prescribing policy will reduce the amount and strength of opioid prescribed. The presence of these policies may impact the number of overdoses, but there is no clear evidence to suggest that it reduces opioid misuse.
Analgesic utilization before and after rescheduling of hydrocodone in a large academic level 1 trauma center
Authors: Schultz, PharmD Steven , Chamberlain, PharmD, Psych MA Carol , Vulcan, MD Marius , Rana, MD Humair , Patel, PharmD, MBA Bhavin , Alexander, MD John C.
Published: February 2018

Background: Hydrocodone-containing products were recently rescheduled from Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) schedule III to schedule II due to concerns of abuse and misuse. These changes went into effect on October 6, 2014. Objective: This quality improvement project involved a retrospective analysis to determine the effect of the DEA schedule change on prescribing habits of hydrocodone-containing products as well as the remaining schedule III and IV opioids, codeine (schedule III) and tramadol (schedule IV).Methods: The authors performed a medication use evaluation at our academic level 1 trauma hospital system on outpatient use of hydrocodone-containing products, tramadol, and codeine-containing products for 6 months before and 6 months after the change to schedule II using our electronic record and pharmacy system.Results: A total of 88,428 prescription orders were analyzed. Comparison of prescriptions before and after the DEA schedule changes showed hydrocodone prescriptions reduced from an average of 225.97 per day to 1.20 per day. In addition, tramadol increased from 60.04 per day to 91.85 per day and codeine from 6.81 per day to 98.94 per day.Conclusions: Our data show a very substantial decrease in utilization of hydrocodone- containing products and concomitant increase in the utilization of tramadol and codeine products at our hospital after the DEA schedule change.
Risk factors for opioid misuse in adolescents and young adults with focus on oncology setting
Authors: Peck, MA Kelly R. , Ehrentraut, PhD Jennifer Harman , Anghelescu, MD Doralina L.
Published: February 2018

Prescription opioid use has increased in recent decades. Although opioids provide effective pain control, their use may be associated with the risk of misuse. Opioid misuse (OM) is prevalent among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Opioids are necessary to treat cancer-related pain; however, oncology patients are not immune to medication misuse. Research examining OM among AYAs with cancer is scarce. This article examines the risk factors described in the general adult and adolescent medication abuse literature and aims to provide recommendations for practice in the AYA oncology population. The following risk factors should be examined in AYA oncology patients to determine their relevance: age, sex, behavioral and academic problems, psychological conditions, and a history of illicit drug use/abuse. To maintain the delicate balance of providing adequate pain relief while protecting patients from the risk of OM, clinicians must consider potential risk factors, motivating factors, and individual behaviors. Placing these challenges in perspective, this review provides clinical considerations, recommendations, and intervention strategies for OM prevention in AYA oncology patients.
Reducing the community-prescribed opioid load: A public health approach to the opioid epidemic
Authors: Lew, MS1, BSc Julia , Moore, MD, CCFP(EM), FCFP, MPH, DTM&H, FRCPC Kieran
Published: February 2018

No abstract
Novel peer review method for improving controlled substance prescribing in primary care
Authors: Penti, MD, MS Brian , Liebschutz, MD, MPH, FACP Jane M. , Kopcza, PharmD, BCACP Brian , Xuan, ScD Ziming , Odell, MD, MSc Christine , Saper, MD, MPH Robert
Published: February 2018

Objective: Determine if peer feedback through a chart review tool (CRT) can impact opioid prescribing for patients with chronic noncancer pain in an outpatient family medicine clinic at an urban, safety-net teaching hospital and to assess providing practices.Design: A quality improvement (QI) project, comparing preopioid and postopioid prescribing practices.Setting: Outpatient family medicine clinic at urban, safety-net teaching hospital. Patients, Participants: A convenience sample of 16 family medicine physicians. Interventions: A CRT was developed to allow physicians to give peer feedback to one another about their opioid prescribing practices as part of a 1-year QI project. We assessed the deidentified data gathered from the CRT.Main Outcome Measure(s): Primary study outcome measures were the amount of opioids prescribed at the end of the QI project compared to the time of initial chart review. We also describe overall prescribing practices.Results: Ninety-nine patient charts from 14 different physicians were reviewed over 1 year. Sixty percent of patients had at least one violation of the clinic's controlled substance prescribing policy in the prior 6 months, and half of the violations were due to missed appointments with specialists to help manage pain. The mean dose of opioids decreased 2.6 mg morphine equivalent dose (MED)/day from time of chart review until the end of project, compared to a 6.9 mg MED/day increase that occurred from 12 months prior to chart review to the time of chart review (p = 0.01). Fourteen patients (16 percent) of patients prescribed opioids were takenoff of opioids after the chart review.Conclusions: Use of a CRT in an urban primary care clinic provided helpful insight on prescribing practices and has promise to improve quality of opioid prescribing.
FDA and Abuse Deterrent Opioids: Don’t fix the blame. Fix the problem
Authors: Pitts Peter J.
Published: February 2018

There is no such thing as a medicine that is 100 percent abuse-proof. The only abuse-proof medicine is one that is never prescribed—and for the hundreds of millions of Americans suffering from chronic pain that isn’t a viable option. Advancing the regulatory science of abuse deterrence is an important step in the right direction.
Patient-relevant outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic, severe, noncancer pain treated with tapentadol prolonged release—Using criteria of health technology assessment
Authors: Hofmann, PhD Johannes FX , Lal, MSc, MBA Arun , Steffens Maike , Boettger Robert
Published: February 2018

Objective: To perform a systematic comparison of tapentadol prolonged release (PR) and oxycodone controlled release (CR) using patient-relevant endpoints of efficacy, safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to criteria used in health technology assessment. To derive a minimal important difference (MID) for the EQ-5D from three pivotal trials to measure patient-relevant changes in HRQoL.Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo and active controlled. Setting: Outpatient primary care.Participants: Patients with severe chronic osteoarthritis pain (two pivotal studies) and severe lower-back pain (one pivotal study) were enrolled. The intent-to-treat population of the three studies comprised a total of 2,968 patients (tapentadol PR arms: 978, oxycodone CR arms: 999, and in the placebo arms: 991).Interventions: Tapentadol PR (100-250 mg bid), oxydodone CR (20-50 mg bid), or placebo over a period of 15 weeks (3 weeks titration plus 12 weeks maintenance).Outcome Measures: Patient-relevant endpoints of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and HRQoL.Results: Tapentadol PR demonstrated significant added benefits as compared to oxycodone CR in meta-analyses of the patient-relevant outcomes 30 percent pain relief (Realtive risk [RR]: 0.80 [0.75, 0.87]), treatment discontinuations (RR: 0.55 [0.363, 0.825]), safety (RR: 0.652 [0.599, 0.710]), and HRQoL (RR: 0.78 [0.64, 0.96]) based on a MID derived for the EQ-5D summary index.Conclusions: Added benefit of tapentadol in all endpoint categories suggests that it may be beneficial to initiate treatment of chronic severe nonmalignant pain with tapentadol rather than oxycodone.
Adherence to chronic opioid therapy prescribing guidelines in a primary care clinic
Authors: Kay, MD, MS Cynthia , Wozniak, MS Erica , Koller, DO Sarah , Ye, MD Audrey , Bernstein, MD Joanne
Published: February 2018

Objective: Characterize primary care patients prescribed opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), explore guideline-recommended opioid-monitoring practices, and investigate predictors of pain agreements.Design: Retrospective chart review.Setting: Primary care clinic at a tertiary academic medical center.Patients: Adults prescribed chronic opioids (three or more monthly prescriptions within a year) for CNCP between April 1, 2014 and April 1, 2015. Patients without CNCP served as controls.Main Outcome Measure: Patient demographics, medical diagnoses, tobacco status, provider status, documentation of guideline-recommended opioid-monitoring practices, pain agreement status, and opioid prescription. Univariate statistics were used to explore differences in patient demographics, comorbidities, and guideline-recommended opioid-monitoring practices by chronic pain and pain agreement status. Logistic regression was used to investigate predictors of agreement status.Results: The clinic had 834 (9 percent) patients on chronic opioids, with 335 on a pain agreement. Documentation of opioid-monitoring practices was lacking. Logistic regression indicated that patients were significantly more likely to be on an agreement if they were Caucasian (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.17 [95% CI 1.41, 3.39]), had a baseline urine drug screen (adjusted OR 10.72 [95% CI 6.16, 19.41]), were prescribed a schedule II controlled medication (adjusted OR 11.92 [95% CI 6.93, 21.62]), and had risk assessed to some degree (adjusted OR 3.06 [95% CI 1.90, 4.96]).Conclusions: Aside from race, most patient characteristics were not predictive of pain agreement implementation. However, controlled medication of higher schedules and the use of certain guideline-recommended practices were associated with an agreement. Studies are needed to examine whether pain agreement or guideline-adherence influence clinical outcomes.
Coprescribing naloxone for patients on chronic opioid therapy: Lessons learned from a patient-safety initiative in primary care training sites
Authors: Delaney, MD William , Huff, MPH, MS Jessica , Mini, MD Sandra , Thomas, MD Aiswarya , Tremaglio, MD Ralph
Published: February 2018

Objective: To describe the development and implementation of a resident-led effort to increase coprescription of naloxone in a primary care setting. Design: An exploratory, prospective pilot project to increase coprescription rates of naloxone.Setting: Four primary care offices in western Connecticut serving as medical home training sites for primary care residents.Patients, Participants: All patients on chronic opioid therapy.Interventions: Over a 2-month period, eligible patients were identified and approached to receive a naloxone coprescription.Main Outcome Measure: Rate of coprescriptions written.Results: Three out of four training sites were able to increase coprescription rates, and 26 percent of eligible patients were able to have a prescription written.Conclusions: Primary care practices, particularly primary care training sites, looking to implement a coprescription initiative should take several important factors into consideration during the planning stages, including naloxone availability and availability of the patient for naloxone education. More extensive research on best practices is needed.
Assessment of abuse liability of Tramadol among experienced drug users: Double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Das, MBBS, MD Mrinmay , Jain, MSc, PhD, CChem FRSC (UK) Raka , Dhawan, MBBS, MD Anju , Kaur, MBBS, MD Amandeep
Published: February 2018

Background: Tramadol is a widely used opioid analgesic. Different preclinical, clinical, and postmarketing surveillance studies show conflicting results regarding abuse potential of this drug.Methods: A randomized double-blind complete crossover study was conducted at National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Total subjects were 10, comprising total 120 observations (each subject assessed at baseline, 5, 45, and 240 minutes). Subjects with history of substance abuse were included after detoxification and informed consent. Assessment was done using modified single dose opiate questionnaire, morphine benzedrine group (MBG), pentobarbital chlorpromazine alcohol group (PCAG), and two bipolar visual analogue scales (VAS) after administration of three drugs—Tramadol (100 mg), Buprenorphine (0.6 mg), and Placebo (Normal Saline) intramuscularly, at 5-day interval.Results: In intra-group analysis, there was statistically significant increase in scores of all four scales from baseline to all three time points after Tramadol and Buprenorphine administration. In inter-group analysis, statistically higher scores were seen for Buprenorphine in comparison to Tramadol at 5, 45, and 240 minutes for MBG scale; the score was significantly higher for Buprenorphine in VAS for pleasurable effect at 45 and 240 minutes, but not at baseline and 5 minutes. There was no significant difference in score at any point of time between Tramadol and Buprenorphine in PCAG scale and VAS for sedative/alertness effect. The scores were statistically insignificant in case of Placebo. All the subjects liked Buprenorphine most and then Tramadol followed by Placebo. Conclusion: Tramadol has abuse potential (even in therapeutic doses) more than Placebo but less than or comparable to Buprenorphine.
A public health outbreak management framework applied to surges in opioid overdoses
Authors: Moore, MD, CCFP (EM), FCFP, MPH, DTM&H, FRCPC Kieran , Boulet, BSc Maximilien , Lew, BSc Julia , Papadomanolakis-Pakis, BSocSc, MPA Nicholas
Published: February 2018

Objective: Over the past decade, Canada and the United States have been facing an epidemic of harms from prescription opioids. More recently, opioid-naïve individuals have been exposed to illicit opioids through adulterated combination products. This has resulted in sudden surges of opioid-related mortality. A proactive public health solution is needed to prevent further death. We propose examining these surges in opioid overdoses as outbreaks and investigating them in a similar way to an outbreak of an infectious disease. An epidemiologic investigation model for opioid overdose outbreaks, that could be modified by other public health agencies,is discussed.
Abuse Deterrent Opioids: Clinical and Public Policy Implications
Authors: DeVito, Jr Richard A.
Published: February 2018

Full Issue - Volume 13, Number 6
From the editor
Authors: Sloan, MD Paul A.
Published: February 2018

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Abuse-deterrent formulations approval reform: Will clinical correctness or real-world results be used to address the nation's opioid crisis: “Noninterference” as a new approval standard
Authors: Cohen, MA/LS Dan
Published: February 2018

To further the public policy objectives of Congress and the country, legislators should now insist that abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) be deployed for every C-II opioid and stimulant. The need for these innovative technologies has never been greater. And to most efficiently incentivize innovators to develop and deploy the most effective and modern deterrents, a new and simpler regulatory approval standard for ADF should be adopted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. That standard, based on a concept of “Noninterference” increases the potential for a much earlier deployment of ADFs in a broad range of products and allows deterrence to play its most effective role in combatting the national opioid crisis.
Do abuse deterrent opioid formulations work?
Authors: Dart, MD, PhD Richard C. , Iwanicki, MD Janetta L. , Dasgupta, PhD Nabarun , Cicero, PhD Theodore J. , Schnoll, MD, PhD Sidney H.
Published: February 2018

Objective: We performed a systematic review to answer the question, “Does the introduction of an opioid analgesic with abuse deterrent properties result in reduced overall abuse of the drug in the community?”Design: We included opioid analgesics with abuse deterrent properties (hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone) with results restricted to the metasearch term “delayed onset,” English language, use in humans, and publication years 2009-2016. All articles that contained data evaluating misuse, abuse, overdose, addiction, and death were included. The results were categorized using the Bradford-Hill criteria.Results: We included 44 reports: hydrocodone (n = 7), morphine (n = 5), or oxycodone (n = 32) with Food and Drug Administration-approved Categories 1, 2, or 3 abuse deterrent labeling. The data currently available support the Hill criteria of strength (effect size), consistency (reproducibility), temporality, plausibility, and coherence. There was insufficient or no information available for the criteria of biological gradient, experiment, and analogy. We also assessed confounding factors and bias, which indicated that both were present and substantial in magnitude.Conclusions: Our analysis found that only oxycodone extended release (ER) had information available to evaluate abuse deterrence in the community. In Australia, Canada, and the United States, reformulation of oxycodone ER was followed by marked reduction in measures of abuse. The precise extent of reduced abuse cannot be calculated because of heterogeneous data sets, but the reported reductions ranged from 10 to 90 percent depending on the measure and the duration of follow-up.
Laboratory-based testing to evaluate abuse-deterrent formulations and satisfy the Food and Drug Administration's recommendation for Category 1 Testing
Authors: Altomare, BS Christopher , Kinzler, PhD Eric R. , Buchhalter, PhD August R. , Cone, PhD Edward J. , Costantino, PhD Anthony
Published: February 2018

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers the development of abuse-deterrent formulations of solid oral dosage forms a public health priority and has outlined a series of premarket studies that should be performed prior to submitting an application to the Agency. Category 1 studies are performed to characterize whether the abuse-deterrent properties of a new formulation can be easily defeated. Study protocols are designed to evaluate common abuse patterns of prescription medications as well as more advanced methods that have been reported on drug abuse websites and forums. Because FDA believes Category 1 testing should fully characterize the abuse-deterrent characteristics of an investigational formulation, Category 1 testing is time consuming and requires specialized laboratory resources as well as advanced knowledge of prescription medication abuse. Recent Advisory Committee meetings at FDA have shown that Category 1 tests play a critical role in FDA's evaluation of an investigational formulation. In this article, we will provide a general overview of the methods of manipulation and routes of administration commonly utilized by prescription drug abusers, how those methods and routes are evaluated in a laboratory setting, and discuss data intake, analysis, and reporting to satisfy FDA's Category 1 testing requirements.
Avaliação da predominância da incontinência anal nos partos vaginal e cesáreo
Authors: Azevedo Monique , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi , Watanabe Hobo Tatiana Mitie , Goulart Maria Victória
Published: February 2018

Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo realizado com 137 prontuários com diagnóstico de Incontinência Anal (IA), assistidas em clínica particular de Fisioterapia em Reabilitação do Assoalho Pélvico em Brasília. O objetivo foi quantificar a predominância da IA em mulheres incontinentes que passaram por parto vaginal ou cesáreo. A prevalência da Incontinência Anal foi a do tipo sujidade com 32,85% dos casos em ambos os partos. Esse tipo de incontinência foi apresentada por 33,33% das mulheres que tiveram parto vaginal e 31,91% das que tiveram parto cesáreo. A IA teve maior predominância no PV, quando comparada ao grupo PC. O tipo de perda prevalente foi sujidade. A incontinência anal é um problema que afeta um número considerável da população, ao realizar algum tipo de parto, a mulher tem maiores chances de desenvolver essa patologia, porém quando tratada, essa patologia tem bons resultados.
Ground-based FTIR retrievals of SF6 on Reunion Island
Authors: Zhou Minqiang , Langerock Bavo , Vigouroux Corinne , Wang Pucai , Hermans Christian , Stiller Gabriele , Walker Kaley A. , Dutton Geoff , Mahieu Emmanuel , De Mazière Martine
Published: February 2018

Abstract. SF6 total columns were successfully retrieved from FTIR (Fourier transform infrared)
measurements (Saint Denis and Maïdo) on Reunion Island
(21∘ S, 55∘ E) between 2004 and 2016 using the SFIT4
algorithm: the retrieval strategy and the error budget were
presented. The FTIR SF6 retrieval has independent
information in only one individual layer, covering the whole of the
troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The trend in SF6 was
analysed based on the FTIR-retrieved dry-air column-averaged mole
fractions (XSF6) on Reunion Island, the in situ
measurements at America Samoa (SMO) and the collocated satellite
measurements (Michelson
Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, MIPAS, and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer, ACE-FTS) in the southern tropics. The
SF6 annual growth rate from FTIR retrievals is
0.265±0.013 pptv year−1 for 2004–2016, which is slightly
weaker than that from the SMO in situ measurements
(0.285±0.002 pptv year−1) for the same time period. The
SF6 trend in the troposphere from MIPAS and ACE-FTS
observations is also close to the ones from the FTIR retrievals and
the SMO in situ measurements.
A simple and cost-efficient automated floating chamber for continuous measurements of carbon dioxide gas flux on lakes
Authors: Martinsen Kenneth Thorø , Kragh Theis , Sand-Jensen Kaj
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Freshwaters emit significant amounts of CO2 on a global scale. Yet, emissions remain poorly constrained from the diverse range of aquatic systems. The drivers and regulators of CO2 gas flux from standing waters require further investigation to improve knowledge on both global scale estimates and system scale carbon balances. Often lake-atmosphere gas fluxes are estimated from empirical models of gas transfer velocity and air-water concentration gradient. Direct quantification of the gas flux circumvents the uncertainty associated with the use of empirical models from contrasting systems. Existing methods to measure CO2 gas flux are often expensive (e.g. eddy-covariance) or require a high workload in order to overcome the limitations of single point-measurements using floating chambers. We added a small air pump, timer and an exterior tube to ventilate the floating chamber headspace and passively regulate excess air pressure. By automating evacuation of the chamber headspace, continuous measurements of lake CO2 gas flux can be obtained with minimal effort. We present the chamber modifications and an example of operation from a small forest lake. The modified floating chamber performed well in the field and enabled continuous measurements of CO2 gas flux with 40-minute intervals. Combining the direct measurements of gas flux with measurements of air and waterside CO2 partial pressure also enabled calculation of gas exchange velocity. Application of the described floating chamber is straightforward and modifications are both simple and cost-efficient to perform. Changing the chamber dimensions to particular applications and systems makes this approach to measure gas flux flexible and appropriate in a range of different systems.
Assessing the Impact of a Future Volcanic Eruption on Decadal Predictions
Authors: Illing Sebastian , Kadow Christopher , Pohlmann Holger , Timmreck Claudia
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The likelihood of a large volcanic eruption in the future provides the largest uncertainty concerning the evolution of the climate system on the time scale of a few years; but also an excellent opportunity to learn about the behavior of the climate system, and our models thereof. So the question emerges how predictable is the response of the climate system to future eruptions? By this we mean, to what extent will the volcanic perturbation affect decadal climate predictions and how does the pre-eruption climate state influence the impact of the volcanic signal on the predictions? To address these questions, we performed decadal forecasts with the MiKlip prediction system in the low-resolution configuration for the initialization years 2012 and 2014, which differ in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase among other things. Each forecast contains an artificial Pinatubo-like eruption starting in June of the first prediction year. For the construction of the aerosol radiative forcing, we used the global aerosol model ECHAM5-HAM in a version adapted for volcanic eruptions. We investigate the response of different climate variables, including near-surface air temperature, precipitation, frost days, and sea ice area fraction. Our results show that the average global cooling response over four years of about 0.2 K and the precipitation decrease of about 0.025 mm/day, is relatively robust throughout the different experiments and seemingly independent of the initialization state. However, on a regional scale, we find substantial differences between the initializations. The cooling effect in the North Atlantic and Europe lasts longer and the Arctic sea ice increase is stronger than in the simulations initialized in 2014. In contrast, the forecast initialized with a negative PDO shows a prolonged cooling in the North Pacific basin.
Los acuerdos de intercooperación como mecanismo jurídico de integración de cooperativas
Authors: Sánchez Pachón Luis Ángel
Published: February 2018

La dimensión de las empresas constituye una de las principales estrategias a la hora de abordar muchos de los retos a los que se enfrenta el sector cooperativo. La atomización y reducida dimensión empresarial que, particularmente, presentan las cooperativas en España, se convierte en un límite de su capacidad competitiva. Alcanzar una dimensión suficiente no es solo una tendencia o necesidad de los planes de negocio, sino que, además, se presenta como una política pública fomentada y apoyada económicamente. En los momentos actuales recobra interés el estudio por las estrategias ligadas al crecimiento empresarial de las cooperativas y, por ello, a los fenómenos de integración, colaboración o cooperación.La legislación cooperativa enuncia distintos instrumentos normativos que pueden facilitar esos fenómenos. Nos centramos en los acuerdos de intercooperación, como mecanismos jurídicos de integración cooperativa que, aunque parca y desigualmente previstos en nuestras legislaciones, pueden constituir una oportunidad que, de alguna manera, respondan a las necesidades que demanda el sector cooperativista. Explicamos la situación en la legislación española y, en especial, la regulación de los acuerdos intercooperativos. Constatamos sus deficiencias y proponemos las reformas necesarias. Buscamos que los acuerdos intercooperativos puedan convertirse en un mecanismo atractivo para el sector cooperativista y la intercooperación, que favorezca la integración cooperativa, siempre en el marco del respeto a los valores y principios del cooperativismo.
Development and charachterization of barley supllemented flavored chapattis
Authors: Arshid Zanib , Majeed Majid , Pasha Imran , Khan Muhammad Usman , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Igor Pigorev
Published: February 2018

Food scientist are actively involved to improve the quality of wheat through composite flour technology by supplementing wheat flour with other grain flours. Barley grains are outstanding source of total dietary fibers (TDF) and offers remarkable quantity of active ingredients for health elevation and disease prevention. Purposely, the current research work was designed to improve the nutritional potential of wheat chapattis by including barley flour 10%, 20%, 30% along with the addition of functional blend (Methi powder and garlic paste) 2%, 4%, 6% levels respectively. Wheat and barley composite flour were analyzed for its chemical, mineral, antioxidant and total dietary composition. The supplementation of barley flour and functional blend into wheat flour enhanced the mineral. Addition of barley flour and functional blend increased total phenolic in composite flour 0.41 (control) to 0.69 mg GAE.100g-1 and DPPH from 20.95 - 23.82%. Total dietary fiber in composite flour varied form 3.11% (control) to 7.69% (30% barley flour with 6% functional blend). Total dietary fiber in chapattis ranged from 6.04 (control) to 8.21% (30% barley flour with 6% functional blend). 30% supplementation of barley flour and 4% addition of functional blend presented better sensory response of the prepared chapattis. All the outcomes revealed that nutritionally rich chapattis should be incorporated in daily diet to explore the dietary worth of barley.
Tibia mineralization of chickens determined to meat production using a microbial phytase
Authors: Angelovičová Mária , Mellen Martin , Zajác Peter , Čapla Jozef , Angelovič Marek
Published: February 2018

The target of the research was 6-phytase of microbial origin. It was used in feed mixtures for chickens determined to meat production. Its effect has been studied in relation to the tibia mineralization by calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. 6-phytase is a product of Aspergillus oryzae. That was obtained by means of biotechnological processes of production of commercially available enzymes. It was incorporated in the feed mixtures 0.1%. In a 38-day feeding trial, 300 one-day-old, as hatched, Cobb 500 chickens determined to meat production (100 birds per group) were fed on one concentrations of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (2.32, 2.31 g.kg-1, respectively and supplemental microbial phytase (0 and 500   FTU.kg-1 feed mixtures). Control group was used to compare the results and control feed mixtures contained 4.5 g.kg-1 without microbial phytase. At days 40 it was selected 6 birds in every group, which were slaughter in accordance with the principles of welfare. Left tibias of every bird were used to determination of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents. According to in vivo, it was found that the addition of microbial phytase to reduced dietary non-phytate phosphorus increased concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in tibia. The differences among groups were statistically significant (p <0.05). It was concluded that reducing of dietary non-phytate phosphorus on the 2.32, 2.31 g.kg-1, respectively, by monocalcium phosphate and microbial phytase supplementation in feed mixtures facilitated tibia mineralization at chicken determined to meat production.
Comparison of rheological properties of varietal grape seed oils
Authors: Burg Patrik , Trávní­ček Petr , Mašán Vladimí­r , Rutkowski Kazimierz , Višacki Vladimir
Published: February 2018

The aim of this work was to determine the rheological properties of grape seed oils from different varieties selected at different temperatures. Measurement of the rheological properties of grape seed oils was performed on the instrument Anton Paar MCR 102. The rheological properties of the liquid have been performed at temperatures of 0 °C, 15 °C, 30 °C, 45 °C and 60 °C. The density of measured samples ranged from 0.905 ±0.002 to 0.948 ±0.002 g.mL-1. Subsequently, there were determined viscosity values at a shear rate of 5 s-1. As expected, the viscosity decreased with increasing temperature. Highest viscosity values reached grape seed oil of variety Pinot gris where at 0 °C the viscosity reached 0.206 ±0.037 Pa s. Samples measured at 0 °C showed non-Newtonian behavior, while at higher temperatures liquids behave as Newtonian substances. All grape seed oils samples exhibit non-Newtonian behavior at lower temperatures. In experiments carried out at 0 °C, it was observed that the tested samples tends to behave as shear-thinning system with thixotropic properties. At higher temperatures was, in line with other scientific works, observed that samples behave as Newtonian fluids. Knowledge of the rheological properties of oils are very important for their processing, storage, and may affect their quality.
Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of different solvent-fractions of Dialium indium (African Black velvet tamarind) fruit pulp - in vitro
Authors: Afolabi Olakunle Bamikole , Ibidun Oloyede Omotade , Ibitayo Obajuluwa Adejoke , Bolaji Adewale Olusola , Idowu Olayide Isreal , Damilola Balogun Bosede , Abimbola Fadugba , Olabisi Obafemi Tajudeen , Joseph Awe Obabiolorunkosi , Funmilayo Adewumi
Published: February 2018

Plant phytonutrients have been harnessed for their various curative properties both in vitro and in vivo. In this study African black velvet tamarind (ABVT) fruit pulp was evaluated for it antioxidant potentials using chloroform and hexane fractions through different antioxidant parameters. In the results; total phenolic contents quantified in mg GAE/dried sample in chloroform and hexane extracts were; 14.57 ±5.85 and 9.78 ±4.61, total flavonoid contents in chloroform and hexane extracts as; 48.58 ±0.00 and 27.35 ±0.00 while the FRAP (µg AAE.g-1 dried sample) was lower in chloroform (298.10 ±0.00) than hexane extracts (1029.81 ±0.00). More also, ability of varied concentrations of the extracts (with their IC50) to cause inhibition against Fe2+-induced MDA that was determined by TBARS in rat's brain and liver tissue homogenates, Fe2+-chelating ability and other antioxidant assays, showed an appreciable significant (p <0.05) difference. The various antioxidant properties showed by ABVT has indicated that, if the pulp is incorporated in diet, it could serve as an alternative in managing various ROS-induced degenerative ailments as it has been clearly demonstrated in the protection of brain and liver homogenates from Fe2+-induced oxidative stress.
Constituents of the essential oil in Solidago canadensis L. from Eurasia
Authors: Shelepova Olga , Vinogradova Yulia , Zaitchik Boris , Ruzhitsky Alexander , Grygorieva Olga , Brindza Ján
Published: February 2018

Hydro distilled essential oils in air-dry samples of aerial parts of Solidago canadensis L., (Asteraceae) from eight local invasive populations were investigated by GC-MS analysis. A comparative study on quantity and composition of the essential oils obtained from plants, growing in different ecological and climatic conditions, ontogenesis phase and different plant organs was carried out The major compounds detected in oil samples of S. canadensis were α-pinene (1.3 - 61.27%), limonene (0.5 - 22.5%), bornyl acetat (3.4 - 29.8%) and germacrene D (1.8 - 39.2%). Samples from inflorescences contained the maximal percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons, while the leaves' samples showed the maximal cumulative percentage of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Data obtained from our studies confirm the availability of alien invasive species Solidago canadensis for medicine and many other purposes. The variability of the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils in different geographical locations will allow futher selection of form containing the maximum amount of active substances.
Analysis of the Effects of Environmental Factors on Rural Rice Producers in the Context of Gender: Çeltikdere Case Study in Turkey
Authors: Eroğlu Dilek , Kuklen Melike , Atalay Esin
Published: February 2018

Despite the increasing need for food parallel to the increasing population, Turkey is a country where agricultural production is gradually declining as a result of erroneous agricultural policies that are carried out in rural areas. This is exacerbated through the effects of climate change. From all these dynamics, women are affected the most in rural areas.Rice is an important species that meets the carbohydrate needs of the growing population. In rice production, women participate more actively in the workforce than men and have a lot of local knowledge about production.This study discusses the case of Çeltikdere village, which produces rice in Bolu province. During the research process, qualitative techniques were used, and the dynamics of rice production and regular emigration from rural areas were discussed in focus groups from a gender perspective. The results show that while women are more active in the labor force in the intensive periods of rice production, in today's declining production conditions, gender roles have a more egalitarian structure and production is made by both sexes, however, product sales and land management decisions are still male-dominated. As a result of the study, it is observed that the producers in Çeltikdere village experienced the effects of climate change with droughts and floods, but the most intense effect was due to the loss of water resources with 2 HEPPs established on the stream feeding the village in 2013. Climate change and energy projects are taking the power of managing local resources away from women.
Bush II y la crisis del multilateralismo
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 19-50
La ética: entre la mundialización y la identidad
Authors: Serrano Caldera Alejandro
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 79-96
El pensamiento filosófico oriental. Apuntes de filosofía social y política
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 97-126
¿La educación a espaldas de los medios de comunicación?
Authors: Castaneda Jaime Joel
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 183-186
Reflexiones sobre el ensayo (A propósito del libro de John Skirius. El ensayo hispanoamericano del siglo XX)
Authors: González Luis Armando , Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 171-180
Jorge Ávalos: La ciudad del deseo
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 180-181
Los beneficios económicos del proceso de integración centroamericana
Authors: Oliva José Andrés
Published: February 2018

Currently, the transcendence of the economical integration process is unknown in the Central American region. The theoretical and practical fundaments of the Central American economical integration are quite weak. The author of this essay seeks to establish a new theoretical basis in order to strengthen the economical integration process.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 104, 2005: 207-239
¿Un momento de validez incondicional? Schutz y el debate entre Rorty y Habermas
Authors: Barber Michael , López Mario
Published: February 2018

Rorty and Habermas have opposite points of view on the moment of unconditional appeal in the communicative action. The author discusses the arguments of both of them, tinged with the arguments of Schutz.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 104, 2005: 315-332
Visión de América Latina. Homenaje a Leopoldo Zea
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.
Facetas de Hugo Lindo en la Biblioteca de la UCA
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 104, 2005: 335-337
Perspectivas sombrías para la izquierda salvadoreña
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2018

No abstract available
Hiroshima-Nagasaki, Teherán: la amenaza nuclear
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: February 2018

The fiftieth aniversary of the atomic bombing in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is commemorated when the atomic development in lran is seen as a treat to the U.S. power. According to the author, the horrors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not useful to show humanity that war is not the answer.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 105, 2005: 357-373
Emigración y remesas: un perfil para Chalatenango
Authors: Cartagena Edgar R.
Published: February 2018

Emigration and economic remittances are key aspects in order to understand the socio-economic situation of El Salvador. This problem is analysed through the experience of Chalatenango, one of the most damaged zones of the country during the war of the eighties and one of the most poor regions in El Salvador.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 105, 2005: 399-425
Operational Efficiency of the Football Team in Chinese Super League with DEA
Authors: Xu Wei
Published: February 2018

With the professionalization of Chinese football, currently, Chinese football industry has become a new economic topic. The team like Guangzhou Evergrande, as a representative of the ‘money’ football policy in China, is popular. The China Football Association Super League (CSL) can be considered as an emerging field of great investment value. As such, the team’s operational efficiency should be a key factor that affects the managers and investors. Based on the input-oriented Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) model, this study analyzes the operational efficiencies of teams in CSL. The empirical study shows three key findings: First, team using the crazy investment mode is not efficient in 2012, 2013, 2014 seasons. Second, Beijing Guoan’s efficiency declined in the 2015 season due to his few investment. Third, in order to achieve good achievements in the league in the future, increasing investment should be an inevitable choice.
Situações de conflito e violência em escolas públicas: Aproximações entre Brasil e Portugal
Authors: Martins Angela Maria , Gaio Mariana
Published: February 2018

Este artigo analisa estratégias que escolas públicas utilizam em situações de conflito e violência e como professores, direção e alunos se organizam para enfrentá-las. Em São Paulo/Brasil, a pesquisa foi realizada em escolas públicas da rede estadual paulista que aderiram ao Programa Sistema de Proteção Escolar (SPE); em Lisboa/Portugal, foram priorizadas escolas localizadas em Territórios Educativos de Intervenção Prioritária (TEIP). Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, com base em informações de documentos oficiais e de legislação no Brasil e em Portugal, além da realização de entrevistas com equipes de gestão e professores. Considerando-se que são dois programas de governo em processo de implementação, aponta-se a relevância de auscultar os atores educacionais envolvidos nos referidos programas. Após a sistematização dos dados foram estruturadas as seguintes dimensões de análise: a) programas de governo em ação: diretrizes e normativas; b) a escola face às particularidades das comunidades em que estão localizadas: os casos estudados.
Redescription ofCalyptosuchus(Stagonolepis)wellesi(Archosauria: Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) from the Late Triassic of the Southwestern United States with a discussion of genera in vertebrate paleontology
Authors: Parker William G.
Published: February 2018

Calyptosuchus wellesiis a medium-sized desmatosuchian aetosaur common in Adamanian (early to middle Norian) age rocks from the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group of the Western United States. Known chiefly from osteoderms, this taxon has never been fully described and non-osteoderm material assigned toCalyptosuchushas been done so based on questionable criteria. Mapping of aetosaurian elements from thePlaceriasQuarry allows for the recognition of associated material providing support for referrals of non-osteoderm material. Furthermore, another previously undescribed specimen from the Chinle Formation of Arizona provides more details about this taxon. PresentlyCalyptosuchuslacks discrete autapomorphies, but can be distinguished from other aetosaurs based on a unique combination of characters supported by a phylogenetic analysis.Calyptosuchusis one of the most common aetosaurians in the Western United States and an index taxon of the early Adamanian biozone. The nameCalyptosuchusis retained and encouraged as the applicable genus name for the specieswellesirather than the often usedStagonolepisbecause assignments of taxa to multi-species genus names are problematic and in this case provides a proposed taxonomic relationship that cannot be unambiguously supported, even by phylogenetic analyses. Because of the inherent limitations of the fossil record, referral of specimens and species to species and genera respectively is an epistemological problem in vertebrate paleontology.