bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wireless Capsule Enteroscopy in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tachecí Ilja , Bradna Petr , Douda Tomáš , Baštecká Drahomíra , Kopáčová Marcela , Rejchrt Stanislav , Lutonský Martin , Soukup Tomáš , Bureš Jan
Published: September 2016

Introduction: The aim of our prospective study was to define endoscopy appearance of the small bowel in healthy volunteers. Method: Forty-two healthy volunteers underwent wireless capsule endoscopy, clinical investigation, laboratory tests, and completed a health-status questionnaire. All subjects were available for a 36-month clinical follow-up. Results: Eleven subjects (26%) had fully normal endoscopy findings. Remaining 31 persons (74%), being asymptomatic, with normal laboratory results, had some minor findings at wireless capsule endoscopy. Most of those heterogeneous findings were detected in the small intestine (27/31; 87%), like erosions and/or multiple red spots, diminutive polyps and tiny vascular lesions. During a 36-month clinical follow-up, all these 42 healthy volunteers remained asymptomatic, with fully normal laboratory control. Conclusions: Significant part of healthy subjects had abnormal findings at wireless capsule endoscopy. These findings had no clinical relevance, as all these persons remained fully asymptomatic during a 36-month follow-up. Such an endoscopic appearance would be previously evaluated as “pathological”. This is a principal report alerting that all findings of any control group of wireless capsule endoscopic studies must be evaluated with caution.
Who's Driving this Conversation? Systematic Biases in the Content of Online Consumer Discussions
Authors: Hamilton Rebecca W. , Schlosser Ann , Chen Yu-Jen
Published: September 2016

When consumers post questions online, who influences the content of the discussion more: the consumer posting the question or those who respond to the post? Analyses of data from real online discussion forums and four experiments show that early responses to a post tend to drive the content of the discussion as much as or more than the content of the initial query. Although advice seekers posting to online discussion forums often explicitly tell respondents which attributes are most important to them, the authors demonstrate that one common online posting goal, affiliation, makes respondents more likely to repeat attributes mentioned by previous respondents, even if those attributes are less important to the advice seeker or support a suboptimal choice given the advice seeker's decision criteria. Firms “listening in” on social media should account for this systematic bias when making decisions on the basis of the discussion content.
Exploring the Relationship between Varieties of Variety and Weight Loss: When more Variety can Help People Lose Weight
Authors: Haws Kelly L. , Liu Peggy J. , Redden Joseph P. , Silver Heidi J.
Published: September 2016

Prior research has indicated that greater dietary variety in a single eating episode increases caloric intake, contributing to weight gain and obesity. This study presents a novel conceptual framework for investigating dietary variety across the entire diet according to time frame (cumulative vs. daily), aggregation level (overall vs. episode-specific), and categorization level (individual foods vs. food groups). This framework is used to assess how naturally occurring dietary variety relates to weight loss among overweight/obese women enrolled in a 16-week trial to achieve weight loss. Acknowledging this is a first exploratory attempt to test such relationships using correlational analyses, the authors uncover several key findings. First, whereas cumulative overall variety was not associated with weight loss, daily overall variety was positively associated with weight loss. Second, this relationship was strongest for variety during breakfast and afternoon snacks and was particularly driven by consuming greater vegetable variety. Overall, the authors develop a novel conceptual framework for investigating variety, and through application to a unique data set, uncover novel findings countering some existing theories about how dietary variety relates to weight loss success.
Protein degradation rate as affected by plant proteases among fresh samples of perennial ryegrass cultivars (Lolium perenne L.) / Einfluss pflanzlicher Proteasen auf den Proteinabbau bei unterschiedlichen Englischen Raigrass Sorten (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Gierus Martin , Loesche Marc , Salama Heba , Herrmann Antje , Taube Friedhelm
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to quantify the proteolytic activity of a set of 10 diploid early intermediate heading cultivars of Lolium perenne under rumenlike conditions. A field experiment was conducted in Northern Germany, where the perennial ryegrass cultivars were grown during two growing seasons. Leaves of the first and second cut were sampled in the field, sterilized with 800 ml. l−1 ethanol solution and incubated for 0, 6, and 24 h under rumenlike conditions (darkness, 39°C, pH 6.5) without the presence of rumen microbes. Results revealed that the leaf protein content declined with increasing incubation time, confirming the involvement of plant-mediated proteolysis in the degradation process. Gel electrophoresis illustrated that the decrease in protein content is probably mainly caused by the loss of the large subunit of Rubisco (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), which was entirely degraded during the incubation time. Although differences among harvests and years were evident, genetic variation among the 10 diploid perennial grass samples concerning protein degradation rates and degradation characteristics was not detected.
Physical properties and structural features of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) wood: A case-study / Physikalische Eigenschaften und strukturelle Charakteristika des Holzes der Walnuß (Juglans regia L.): Eine Fallstudie
Authors: Ostafi Mihai-Florin , Dinulică Florin , Nicolescu Valeriu-Norocel
Published: September 2016

We assessed wood quality in common walnut using a combination of physical properties and structural features. Five common walnut trees were selected and processed in order to produce wood samples for further analyses.

The results showed a wide spread of values of structural features and of wood water content. The color indices were strongly grouped around the averages. All experimental distributions were stratified following at least one of the analyzed factors (tree and its structural directions i.e. longitudinal, radial, and tangential). The radial anisotropy was the most pronounced. The longitudinal stability of density and water content, the inter-tree stability of color saturation as well as the homogeneity of all color indices on the girth were noticed. The heartwood covered up to 12.5% of transverse section and included 1–10 growth rings. The annual rate of bio-accumulation allowed the separation of stages of radial development of the structure using the width of growth rings: juvenile wood, composed of the first 8–9 rings from the pith; a transition zone to the mature wood (10 rings); and mature wood under way to be formed. Wood density was not a reliable criterion for differentiating the sapwood from heartwood but brightness, redness and hue’s color could be used for this purpose.
The interactive effects of fertiliser nitrogen with dung and urine on nitrous oxide emissions in grassland
Authors: Hyde B.P. , Forrestal P.J. , Jahangir M.M.R. , Ryan M. , Fanning A.F. , Carton O.T. , Lanigan G.J. , Richards K.G.
Published: September 2016

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important and potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Although application of nitrogen (N) fertiliser is a feature of many grazing systems, limited data is available on N2O emissions in grassland as a result of the interaction between urine, dung and fertiliser N. A small plot study was conducted to identify the individual and interactive effects of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) fertiliser, dung and urine. Application of CAN with dung and urine significantly increased the mass of N2O-N emission. Importantly, the sum of N2O-N emitted from dung and CAN applied individually approximated the emission from dung and CAN fertiliser applied together, that is, an additive effect. However, in the case of urine and CAN applied together, the emission was more than double the sum of the emission from urine and CAN fertiliser applied individually, that is, a multiplicative effect. Nitrous oxide emissions from dung, urine and fertiliser N are typically derived individually and these individual emission estimates are aggregated to produce estimates of N2O emission. The presented findings have important implications for how individual emission factors are aggregated; they suggest that the multiplicative effect of the addition of CAN fertiliser to urine patches needs to be taken into account to refine the estimation of N2O emissions from grazing grasslands.
Measuring military university Students’ motivational goals in the domain of physical exercise
Authors: Pulkka Antti-Tuomas
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to test whether the existing achievement goal orientation instrument could be modified to measure goal endorsement in recreational physical training. The participants were 139 second-year students at the Finnish National Defense University. The orientations were assessed using a modified questionnaire that included four orientations: mastery-intrinsic orientation (focus on learning new things and developing competence), mastery-extrinsic orientation (focus on learning and mastery but with extrinsic criteria such as grades), performance-approach orientation (focus on outperforming others) and performance-avoidance orientation (focus on avoiding judgments of incompetence). Based on the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, factor structures were compared. The comparison of psychometric results of different models supported the four-dimensional instrument. The participants mostly strived for personal development of fitness, as well as good results. They also emphasized social comparison to some extent but had very little concerns of failure or appearing inferior.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes MACC1, RAD18, MMP7 and SDF-1a as prognostic factors in resectable colorectal cancer
Authors: Horvat Matej , Potocnik Uros , Repnik Katja , Kavalar Rajko , Zadnik Vesna , Potrc Stojan , Stabuc Borut
Published: September 2016

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Research has indicated that functional gene changes such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influence carcinogenesis and metastasis and might have an influence on disease relapse. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of SNPs in selected genes as prognostic markers in resectable CRC.

Patients and methods

In total, 163 consecutive patients treated surgically for CRC of stages I, II and III at the University Medical Centre in Maribor in 2007 and 2008 were investigated. DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC tissue from the Department of Pathology and SNPs in genes SDF-1a, MMP7, RAD18 and MACC1 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by high resolution melting curve analysis or restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results

We found worse disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with TT genotype of SNP rs1990172 in gene MACC1 (p = 0.029). Next, we found worse DFS for patients with GG genotype for SNP rs373572 in gene RAD18 (p = 0.020). Higher frequency of genotype GG of MMP7 SNP rs11568818 was found in patients with T3/T4 stage (p = 0.014), N1/N2 stage (p = 0.041) and with lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.018). For MACC1 rs1990172 SNP we found higher frequency of genotype TT in patients with T3/T4 staging (p = 0.024). Higher frequency of genotype GG of RAD18 rs373572 was also found in patients with T1/T2 stage with disease relapse (p = 0.041).

Conclusions

Our results indicate the role of SNPs as prognostic factors in resectable CRC.
Tracheal cancer – treatment results, prognostic factors and incidence of other neoplasms
Authors: Napieralska Aleksandra , Miszczyk Leszek , Blamek Sławomir
Published: September 2016

Background

Tracheal cancers (TC) are rare and treatment results that are reported are typically not satisfactory. The purpose of this research was assessment of the results of treatment of TC patients, identification of potential additional surgery candidates, evaluation of prognostic factors, and assessment of the occurrence of other malignancies.

Patients and methods

The Regional Cancer Database and the Hospital Database were searched for patients with tracheal neoplasms. Fifty-eight of 418 patients identified initially, met the inclusion criteria (primary TC with confirmed histology and complete treatment records). Standard statistical tests were used.

Results

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 63.8%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC; 15.5%) were the most commonly diagnosed histological types of TC. Radiotherapy was delivered in 48 cases, surgery or endoscopic resection in 20, and chemotherapy in 14. TC was diagnosed as a second cancer in 10 patients, in 1 patient it occurred prior to the lung cancer, and in 1 was diagnosed simultaneously. During the median follow-up of 12.7 months, 85.5% of the patients died because of the disease. Local recurrence occurred in 17% cases. In univariate analysis, patients with ACC had statistically better five-year overall survival (77.8%) than those diagnosed with SCC (8.4%, p = 0.0001). Radiotherapy, performance status and haemoptysis were factors significantly influencing overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis. Among patients who were not treated surgically, 15–26% were found to constitute additional surgery candidates, depending on the selection criteria.

Conclusions

The diagnostic workup should be focused on the identification of TC patients suitable for invasive treatment and radiotherapy. Respiratory system cancer survivors can be considered a risk group for tracheal cancer. Radiotherapy constitutes an important part of the treatment of patients with TC.
Moving to the ‘Homeland’
Authors: González Betsabé Román , Cantú Eduardo Carrillo , Hernández-León Rubén
Published: September 2016

A growing number of minors have become part of the return migratory flow from the United States to Mexico. Based on a longitudinal study started in 2012, this article uses life-history narratives to analyze the return experiences of three children who arrived in the state of Morelos, Mexico, between 2010 and 2012. The findings presented here focus on a specific segment of the children’s migratory journey: leaving the United States, crossing the border and arriving in Morelos. The article contributes to the scholarship on children’s narratives of migration, which has been under-emphasized in traditional studies of United States-Mexico migration.

Un número creciente de menores de edad forma parte del flujo migratorio de retorno de Estados Unidos a México. Con base en un estudio longitudinal iniciado en el 2012, este artículo hace uso de las historias de vida para analizar las experiencias de retorno de tres niños que llegaron al estado de Morelos, México, entre el 2010 y el 2012. Los resultados que se presentan están centrados en un segmento específico del recorrido migratorio de estos niños: partir de los Estados Unidos, cruzar la frontera y llegar a Morelos. Este artículo contribuye a los estudios migratorios centrados en la narrativa de los niños, la cual ha sido poco valorada en los estudios de migración entre Estados Unidos y México.
Effects of Linked Selective Sweeps on Demographic Inference and Model Selection
Authors: Schrider Daniel R , Shanku Alexander G , Kern Andrew D
Published: September 2016

The availability of large-scale population genomic sequence data has resulted in an explosion in efforts to infer the demographic histories of natural populations across a broad range of organisms. As demographic events alter coalescent genealogies, they leave detectable signatures in patterns of genetic variation within and between populations. Accordingly, a variety of approaches have been designed to leverage population genetic data to uncover the footprints of demographic change in the genome. The vast majority of these methods make the simplifying assumption that the measures of genetic variation used as their input are unaffected by natural selection. However, natural selection can dramatically skew patterns of variation not only at selected sites, but at linked, neutral loci as well. Here we assess the impact of recent positive selection on demographic inference by characterizing the performance of three popular methods through extensive simulation of data sets with varying numbers of linked selective sweeps. In particular, we examined three different demographic models relevant to a number of species, finding that positive selection can bias parameter estimates of each of these models—often severely. We find that selection can lead to incorrect inferences of population size changes when none have occurred. Moreover, we show that linked selection can lead to incorrect demographic model selection, when multiple demographic scenarios are compared. We argue that natural populations may experience the amount of recent positive selection required to skew inferences. These results suggest that demographic studies conducted in many species to date may have exaggerated the extent and frequency of population size changes.
To Break or Not To Break: Sex Chromosome Hemizygosity During Meiosis in Caenorhabditis
Authors: Van Mike V , Larson Braden J , Engebrecht JoAnne
Published: September 2016

Meiotic recombination establishes connections between homologous chromosomes to promote segregation. Hemizygous regions of sex chromosomes have no homologous chromosome to recombine with, yet must be transmitted through meiosis. An extreme case of hemizygosity exists in the genus Caenorhabditis, where males have a single X chromosome that completely lacks a homologous partner. To determine whether similar strategies have evolved to accommodate hemizygosity of the X during male meiosis in Caenorhabditis with distinct modes of sexual reproduction, we examined induction and processing of meiotic double strand breaks (DSBs) in androdioecious (hermaphrodite/male) Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae, and gonochoristic (female/male) C. remanei and C. brenneri. Analysis of the recombinase RAD-51 suggests more meiotic DSBs are induced in gonochoristic vs. androdioecious species. However, in late prophase in all species, chromosome pairs are restructured into bivalents around a single axis, suggesting that the holocentric nature of Caenorhabditis chromosomes dictates a single crossover per bivalent regardless of the number of DSBs induced. Interestingly, RAD-51 foci were readily observed on the X chromosome of androdioecious male germ cells, while very few were detected in gonochoristic male germ cells. As in C. elegans, the X chromosome in C. briggsae male germ cells undergoes transient pseudosynapsis and flexibility in DSB repair pathway choice. In contrast, in C. remanei and C. brenneri male germ cells, the X chromosome does not undergo pseudosynapsis and appears refractory to SPO-11-induced breaks. Together our results suggest that distinct strategies have evolved to accommodate sex chromosome hemizygosity during meiosis in closely related Caenorhabditis species.
Microreactor Mixing-Unit Design for Fast Liquid-Liquid Reactions
Authors: Mielke Eric , Roberge Dominique M. , Macchi Arturo
Published: September 2016

Based on previous work studying complex microreactors, it was desired to further improve the mixing efficiency by varying the mixing unit design for fast liquid-liquid reactions. Different flow regimes were studied, including slug flow, parallel flow, and drop flow. The two-phase hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate in sodium hydroxide solution was used to evaluate the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients (K
org
a) as a function of the average rate of energy dissipation (ε) for each microreactor design and all flow regimes. The liquid-liquid systems investigated used n-butanol or toluene as the organic phase solvent and a 0.5-M NaOH aqueous solution. The use of surfactant was also investigated with the toluene- water system. All microreactor geometry designs were based on contraction–expansion repeating units with asymmetric obstacles to aid the breakup of slugs and desynchronize the recombination of split streams. The investigated designs were chosen to avoid the formation of the parallel flow regime, contrary to curvature-based mixing-unit designs. The microreactor design can then be optimized to reduce the ε required to reach drop flow, since K
org
a has been found to be constant at equal ε for a given solvent system in this flow regime, regardless of the reactor selection. Additionally, the “3/7th” scaleup rule was applied and confirmed with the LL-Triangle mixer. It was found that, for low interfacial-tension systems (i.e., n-butanol-water), the onset of drop flow occurred at a lower ε for the LL-Triangle mixer when compared with the Sickle or LL-Rhombus mixers.
Pengaruh Fungi Indigenous Toleran Zn terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Jagung di Media Tailing Steril
Authors: Santi Ratna , Joy Benny , Hindersah Regina , Nusyamsi Dedi
Published: September 2016

Keberadaan logam Zn dalam jumlah tertentu di tailing pasca tambang akan berdampak pada rendahnya populasi mikroba tanah dan menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Aplikasi pemanfaatan fungi indigenus dari lahan tercemar merupakan salah satu usaha dalam memperbaiki sifat tanah untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi fungi dan toksisitas Zn terhadap pertumbuhan jagung pada fase VE-V9 di media tailing steril.  Fungi diisolasi dari tailing lahan pasca penambangan timah di Sungailiat  Bangka. Tiga isolat dari 15 isolat dipilih untuk pengujian pengaruh inokulasi fungi terhadap pertumbuhan jagung. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok(RAK) dua faktor dengan perlakuan jenis fungi dan konsentrasi Zn. Isolat yang digunakan toleran terhadap Zn pada konsentrasi 0-25 ppm dan mampu menghasilkan fitohormon. Hasil percobaan di rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi fungi nyata memperbaiki pertumbuhan jagung, dibandingkan tanpa inokulan. Serapan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh isolat R 7J1, namun pertumbuhan jagung terbaik didapatkan dari inokulasi isolat B 2J1. The existence of Zn metal in a certain amount in the post tin mine tailings will result in low soil microbial populations and inhibit plant growth. Application of indigenous fungi utilization on contaminated land is one effort to improve soil properties for plant growth.This study aimed to determine the effect of inoculation of fungi and toxicity of zinc on the growth of corn in the phase of VE-V9 in sterile tailings medium. Fungi were isolated from post tin mining tailings tin lands in Bangka Sungailiat. Three isolates from 15 isolates were selected to test the effect of fungal inoculation on the growth of corn. Experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors with fungi and Zn concentration treatments.Tolerant isolates used were at a concentration of 0-25 ppm Zn and capable to produce phytohormones. Result of experiment in greenhouse showed that fungal inoculation substantially improved the growth of maize, compared with no inoculant.The highest uptake was shown by isolates of R 7J1, but the best corn growth inoculation isolates obtained from B 2J1.
Variabilitas Genetik dan Fenotipik Karakter Pertumbuhan dan Komponen Pertumbuhan Benih Hasil Perbanyakan Vegetatif Klon-klon Teh yang Diperoleh melalui Persilangan Buatan
Authors: Khomaeni Heri Syahrian , Rahadi Vitria Puspitasari , Ruhaendi Endi , Santoso Budi
Published: September 2016

Perbanyakan tanaman teh dengan menggunakan setek satu daun saat ini merupakan cara yang umum untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan tanaman dalam jumlah yang banyak dengan waktu yang singkat. Salah satu syarat dalam perakitan klon teh unggul baru adalah kemudahan klon tersebut untuk diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Hal ini dikarenakan klon yang mudah diperbanyak secara vegetatif lebih disukai oleh para pekebun. Salah satu pengujian yang harus dilakukan dalam proses pemuliaan tanaman teh adalah uji perbanyakan vegetatif pada kandidat klon unggul baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas kemampuan pertumbuhan dan beberapa komponen pertumbuhan benih setek dalam uji perbanyakan vegetatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Persemaian Pemuliaan Kebun Percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina Gambung. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 19 klon sebagai perlakuan yang diulang tiga kali, setiap perlakuan ditanam 52 benih setek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh variabilitas genetik pada karakter yang diamati tergolong dalam kategori luas, kecuali untuk karakter panjang akar, dan berat kering akar. Variabilitas fenotipik menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh karakter yang diamati tergolong dalam kategori luas, kecuali berat kering akar. Currently, propagation of tea plant using one leaf is a common way to fulfil the need of plant material in large quantity also short in time. One of requirements in assembling new superior tea clone is the easy of clone to be propagated vegetatively. Clone which is easy to propagate in vegetative way is apt more by the gardeners. One required test on tea plant breeding process is vegetative propagation test of new superior clone candidates. This research aimed to determine variability of growth ability and several growth components of cutting seed in vegetative propagation. The research was carried out in Breeding Nursery, Experimental Field of Tea and Cinchona Research Institute Gambung. The trial was set in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 19 clones as the treatment which was repeated three times, each treatment consisted of 52 cutting seeds. The result showed that almost all genetic variability of characters observed were included to wide category, except for root length and root dry weight characters. Phenotypic variability showed that nearly all characters observed were comprised to wide category, except root dry weight.
Teknologi Pengendalian Gulma Alang-alang dengan Tanaman Legum untuk Pertanian Tanaman Pangan
Authors: Juarsah Ishak
Published: September 2016

Di Indonesia, Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv) merupakan salah satu gulma terpenting dan termasuk sepuluh gulma bermasalah di dunia.  Melalui biji dan rimpang, alang-alang dapat tumbuh dan menyebar luas pada hampir semua kondisi lahan. Teknologi pengendalian alang-alang telah banyak dikenal namun belum dapat menjamin eradikasi populasi alang-alang secara berkelanjutan tanpa diikuti oleh kultur teknis dan pola budidaya tanaman pangan sepanjang tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lahan alang-alang dapat dikendalikan/dikelola menjadi lahan produktif setelah direhabilitasi dengan tanaman legume (Mucuna sp.) untuk usaha tani tanaman pangan lahan kering berorientasi konservasi tanah. Bahan hijauan tanaman Mucuna dapat meningkatkan kadar C-organik, memperbaiki sifat fisika, kimia tanah dan meningkatkan  produksi tanaman pangan. In Indonesia, Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv) is one of important weeds and included to ten most problematic weeds around the world. Through its seeds and roots, alang-alang can grow and expand in nearly all soil conditions. Many technologies for controlling have been known but can not ensure the eradication of weeds population, however the controlling via food crops cropping systems for the whole years is the best method so far to have sustainability of the agriculture land. Research showed that alang-alang area could be controlled/managed became more productive land after rehabilitation with legume (ie Mucuna sp.) especially for dry land conservation oriented. Mucuna green materials might increase C-organic content, both soil chemical and physical improvement, furthermore increased foodcrops production.
Pengaruh Tingkat EC (Electrical Conductivity) terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) pada Sistem Instalasi Aeroponik Vertikal
Authors: Pratiwi Pusdima Rahma , Subandi M , Mustari Eri
Published: September 2016

Kebutuhan akan tanaman sawi semakin meningkat, sehingga diperlukan teknologi yang dapat memaksimalkan hasil serta memperbaiki teknik budidaya, salah satunya teknik budidaya aeroponik vertikal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan tanaman sawi yang terbaik terhadap pengaruh tingkat EC pada larutan nutrisi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di daerah Bekasi Timur dengan ketinggian 25 m di atas permukaan laut, dimulai pada bulan April 2014 sampai Juli 2014. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu A (Tingkat EC 1 mS cm-1), B (Tingkat EC 1,5 mS cm-1), C (Tingkat EC 2 mS cm-1), dan D (Tingkat EC 2,5 mS cm-1) dengan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat EC berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman sawi pada umur 14 dan 18 hst, luas daun pada umur 26 dan 30 hst, panjang akar pada umur 30 hst, dan bobot basah pada umur 30 hst. Tingkat EC 2,5 mS cm-1 memberikan pengaruh baik terhadap bobot basah. The increasing need of mustard require technologies that can maximize result and improve cultivation, one of them is aeroponic vertical cultivation technique. This research aimed to know the best response of mustard growth on influence of nutrient EC level. This research was carried out in Bekasi Timur with altitude of 25 m above sea level, form April 2014 to July 2014. The design used was Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments that A (EC level 1 mS cm-1), B (EC level 1,5 mS cm-1), C (EC level 2 mS cm-1), and D (EC level  2,5 mS cm-1) with 4 replications. The results showed that EC level affected on plant height at 14 and 18 dap, leaf area at 26 and 30 dap, root length at 30 dap, and wet weight at the age of 30 dap. The EC level 2,5 mS cm-1had better effect on wet weight.
Aktivitas Filtrat Cendawan Lasiodiploida theobromae sebagai Inhibitor Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus spp. L.)
Authors: Hasibuan Syahbudin , Tantawi Ahmad Rafiqi , Gusmeizal Gusmeizal
Published: September 2016

Lasiodiploidia theobromae merupakan cendawan patogen yang umum ditemukan pada  berbagai inang. Cendawan ini diketahui menghasilkan senyawa metabolik berupa theobroksida yang merupakan senyawa bahan alami epoxy cyclohexene. Theobroksida  mampu menginduksi pembungaan, menginduksi tuberisasi tanaman kentang pada lingkungan non-inducing dan berkaitan dengan inhibisi perpanjangan batang tanaman. Sebagai inhibitor alami yang diisolasi dari kultur filtrat cendawan Lasiodiploidia theobromae, aktivitas senyawa theobroksida telah diuji di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Medan Area sejak bulan Mei sampai bulan Juli 2015. Ekstrak diuji pada tanaman bayam (Amaranthus spp L.) yang percobaannya disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok sederhana dengan faktor perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi Filtrat Lasiodiploidia theobromae yang terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu 0, 100, 200 dan 300 ppm. Hasil uji aktivitas menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi theobrokside menghambat pertumbuhan pada peubah tinggi tanaman,luas daun dan jumlah daun tanaman bayam. Lasiodiploidia theobromae is a fungal pathogen which is usually found in various host plants. This fungi is recognized to produce metabolic compounds namely theobroxide, a natural compound of epoxy cyclohexene. Theobroxide has ability to induce flowering initiation, induce tuberisation in potato plants in non-inducing environment also related to inhibition of plant stem elongation. As natural inhibitors isolated from filtrate culture of Lasiodiploidia theobromae, a research to evaluate activities of theobroxide was conducted in experimental station belonged to Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, started from Mei until July 2015.  This Experiment was arranged in simple randomized block design (RBD) with filtrate Lasiodiploidia theobromae concentration as treatment factor. The treatment comprised four levels i.e. 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm. Results showed that application of theobroxide could significantly inhibit plant height, leave number and leaf area of spinach.
Komposisi Gulma pada Berbagai Jarak Tanam Padi Secara IPAT–BO dan Konvensional
Authors: Antralina Merry , Yuwariah Yuyun , Simarmata Tualar
Published: September 2016

Penelitian yang bertujuan mempelajari komposisi gulma tanaman padi sawah pada sistem bertanam secara IPAT-BO dan konvensional  telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2013 sampai bulan Juli 2013 di Kelompok Tani Sadang Mukti, Kampung Sadang Sari, Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat yang terletak pada ketinggian 668 m di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen, dengan Rancangan Petak Terpisah, 3 kali ulangan, sebagai petak utama  yaitu faktor metode pengairan (M), yang terdiri dari pengairan secara IPAT-BO dan konvensional, sedangkan anak petak adalah jarak tanam (J), yang terdiri dari : 30 x 35 cm, 30 x 25 cm, 35 x 35 cm,dan 30 x 30 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara metode pengairan dan jarak tanam terhadap nilai jumlah dominasi gulma, dan bobot kering gulma.Gulma yang dominan pada perlakuan IPAT-BO lebih banyak dibanding perlakuan konvensional, sedangkan bobot kering gulma terberat terjadi pada metode IPAT-BO dengan jarak tanam 35 cm x 35 cm. The research was aimed to assess the effect of different plant spacing to weed composition and lowland rice yield in SOBARI and conventional irrigation methods. The experiment had been conducted in Farmers Groups Sadang Mukti, Sadang Sari Village, Bandung District, West Java at 668 m above sea level, from April 2013 to July 2013. It was arranged in split plot design, consisted of two factor, irrigation methods factor (M) as main plot, namely: irrigation methods in SOBARI (m1) and conventional (m2),subplot was plant spacing factor (J), which consisted of four levels of factors, namely: 30 x 35 cm, 30 x 25 cm, 35 x 35 cm, and 30 x 30 cm. The results showed that there was interaction between irrigation method and plant spacing on the value of domination number of weeds, and weed dry weight. Dominantweeds in SOBARI method were more than conventional treatment, weed dry weight in SOBARI method with spacing of 35 cm x 35 cm had greater than the other treatments.
Analisis Potensi Kerusakan Tanah untuk Produksi Ubi Kayu (Manihot utilisima) pada Lahan Kering di Kecamatan Tanjungsiang, Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Qurrohman Budy Frasetya Taufik , Suriadikusuma Abraham , Haryanto Rachmat
Published: September 2016

Penggunaan lahan kering untuk produksi ubi kayu secara intensif tanpa menerapkan teknik budidaya ubi kayu secara lestari dan berkelanjutan di Kecamatan Tanjungsiang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan tanah. Penetapan Potensi Kerusakan Tanah dan Status Kerusakan Tanah telah diatur oleh pemerintah pusat melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 150 Tahun 2000, Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Tahun 2006 Tentang Tata Cara Pengukuran Kriteria Baku Kerusakan Tanah untuk Produksi Biomassa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei deskriptif dengan tahapan penetapan peta potensi kerusakan tanah hasil overlay peta tematik dan penetapan status kerusakan tanah menggunakan metode matching dan skor frekuensi relatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh luas lahan kering di Kecamatan Tanjungsiang yang berpotensi rusak sedang 846,07 hektar dan potensi kerusakan tinggi 431,86 hektar setelah dilakukan survei dan analisis laboratorium contoh tanah pada lokasi tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa Status Kerusakan Tanah pada lokasi dengan potensi kerusakan sedang dan tinggi termasuk kategori Rusak Ringan (R.I) dengan nilai skor frekuensi relatif masing-masing 8. Luas wilayah yang termasuk rusak ringan 1.277,93 hektar (19,02%) parameter yang termasuk Rusak Berat yaitu Kecepatan Infiltrasi dan Potensial Redoks, sedangkan parameter lainnya termasuk kategori Tidak Rusak (N). Intensively land use of dry land for cassava productions without applying sustainable and sustained cassava farming technique in District Tanjungsiang potentially causes soil degradation. Determination of soil potential degradation and soil degradation status has been set by the central government through Government Regulation No. 150 year 2000, Regulation of the Minister of Environment in year 2006 on the Procedures for Measuring Soil degradation Standard Criteria for Biomass Production. The research method used was a descriptive survey with a stage-setting soil potential degradation by overlay thematic maps and the determination of the status of soil degradation using matching methods and relative frequency score. Results obtained in the dry land area of the District Tanjungsiang potentially medium degradation 846,07 hectares and 431,86 hectares of high potential degradation after survey and laboratory analysis of soil samples at the site that results obtained degradation status of land on the location of the degradation potential  to medium and high soil degradation categorized light (R.I) with a score relative frequency of each 8. Total area that included minor damage 1277,93 hectares (19,02%), parameters included Heavy Damage namely Infiltration Rate and Redox Potential, while the other parameters included on Not Damaged (N) category.
Uji Kualitas Ubi Beberapa Klon Kentang Hasil Persilangan untuk Bahan Baku Keripik
Authors: Kurniawan Helmi , Suganda Tarkus
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kualitas ubi beberapa klon kentang hasil persilangan sebagai bahan baku keripik. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Bulan Mei sampai Bulan Juli 2013 di Laboratorium Pasca Panen Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran.Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari 6 klon hasil persilangan dan 3 varietas pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan klon kentang memberikan pengaruh terhadap warna, rasa, kerenyahan, dan penampilan keripik yang dihasilkan dan klon kentang terbaik yang memenuhi persyaratan kualitas sebagai bahan baku keripik kentang adalah klon AR 08.The objective of the research was to determine the quality of potato clones derived fromcrossing for potato chips. The research was conducted from May to July 2013 in Postharvest Laboratory of Research Institute for Vegetables, and arranged in a completely randomized design with tree replications. Quality test of 6 clones derived from crossing and 3 varieties control. The results showed that the difference in potato clones give effect to the color, taste, crispyness, and the appearance of the resulting chips and potato clones that best meet the quality requirements for potato chips was cloned AR 08.UJI KUALITAS UBI BEBERAPA KLON KENTANG HASIL PERSILANGAN UNTUK BAHAN BAKU KERIPIK
Rekayasa Pupuk Organik dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Potensi Hasil Tanaman Jagung Hibrida (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Abdullah Rohana
Published: September 2016

Penelitian rekayasa pupuk organik dan pengaruhnya terhadap potensi hasil tanaman jagung hibrida (Zea mays L.) telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Univesitas Padjadjaran sejak Desember 2013 sampai akhir Februari 2014, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formula pupuk organik dan dosis terhadap potensi hasil tanaman jagung hibrida. Rancangan percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak kelompok dengan satu faktor perlakuan, yaitu formula pupuk organik A 4 t ha-1(kompos: jerami 30%, kasmur 10%, limbah buah nenas 20%, kohe sapi 20%, kohe kelinci 20%; 21 kg SP-36+ 4,5 kg KCl 60% t kompos-1). B 5 t ha- 1(kompos: jerami 40%, kasmur 10%, limbah buah nenas 10%, kohe sapi 30%, kohe kelinci 10%; 26 kg SP-36+ 5,5 kg KCl 60% t-1kompos)., C 5 t ha-1 (kompos: jerami 20%, kasmur 10%, limbah buah nenas 0%, kohe sapi 50%, kohe kelinci 20%; 30 kg SP-36+ KCl 60% 6,0 kg.). , D 4 t ha-1(kompos: jerami 20%, kasmur 10%, limbah buah nenas 10%, kohe sapi 60%, kohe kelinci  0%; 30 kg  SP-36 + 8,5 kg t-1 KCl 60%).E 5 t ha-1(kompos: jerami 50%, kasmur 0%, limbah buah nenas 0%, kohe sapi 50%, kohe kelinci 0%; 32 kg SP-36+ 7 kg KCl 60% t kompos-1), dan kontrol [K (tanpa formula pupuk organik)]. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua formula pupuk organik berpotensi meningkatkan bobot biomassa kering oven, bobot pipilan kering plot dan potensi hasil tanaman jagung per hektar. Formula E 5 t ha-1 berpotensi memberi hasil maksimum  10 t ha-1. Research about organic fertilizers formulation and its effect on maize yield potency was conducted at experimental field located in Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor Sumedang, West Java, since December 2013 until Februari 2014. The experiment was aimed to determine the effect of organic fertilizers formulas to maize yield potency, which was arranged using a randomized block design and repeated six times with six treatment factors A 4 t ha-1(compost of: straw  30%, spent muschroom substrate  10%, pineapple waste 20%, cow dung 20%, rabbit droppings 20%; 21 kg SP-36+ 4,5 kg KCl 60% t compost-1). B 5 t ha- 1(compost of: straw 40%, spent muschroom substrate  10%, pineapple waste10%, cow dung 30%, rabbit droppings 10%; 26 kg SP-36+ 5,5 kg KCl 60% t-1compost-1)., C 5 t ha-1 (compost of: straw 20%, spent muschroom substrate  10%, pineapple waste%, cow dung 50%, rabbit droppings 20%; 30 kg SP-36+ KCl 60% 6,0 kgt compost-1), D 4 t ha-1(compost of: straw 20%, kasmur 10%, pineapple waste 10%, cow dung 60%, rabbit droppings 0%; 30 kg  SP-36 + 8,5 kg t-1 KCl 60%t compost-1).E 5 t ha-1(compost of: straw 50%, spent muschroom substrate  0%, pineapple waste 0%, cow dung 50%, rabbit droppings 0%; 32 kg SP-36+ 7 kg KCl 60% t compost-1), dan control [K (withouthorganic fertilizer formula)]. The result indicated that organic fertilizer formulas increased dry matter weight, seed dry weight per plot and potential yield per hectare. Organic fertilizer formulas E5 t ha-1 potentiallygave the maximum yield of 10 t ha-1.
Pertumbuhan Setek Sambung Kina (Cinchona sp.) Klon QRC Akibat Perbedaan Panjang Setek Batang Atas
Authors: Santoso Joko , Fatimah Yayo , Antralina Merry , Aryati Dina
Published: September 2016

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variasi panjang setek terhadap  pertumbuhan setek sambung kina (Cinchona sp) klon QRC telah dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK) Gambung, Kabupaten Bandung, dengan ketinggian kurang lebih 1300 meter di atas permukaan laut, jenis tanah Andisol, tipe iklim B menurut klasifikasi Schmidt dan Fergusson (1951) dengan curah hujan rata-rata antara 2000 - 3000 mm per tahun dan suhu rata-rata 13,5oC- 21,1oC.  Kelembaban relatif antara 68% sampai 97%. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan dan diulang lima kali. Jumlah tanaman per plot adalah 50 tanaman: perlakuan panjang setek terdiri dari  5 cm,  7 cm,  9 cm, 11 cm, dan 13 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Panjang setek sambung atas yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap persentase setek hidup, panjang setek, jumlah daun, jumlah akar dan panjang akar bibit kina di pembibitan. Penggunaan setek sambung dengan panjang 7 cm,  memberikan pengaruh yang paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit sambung kina (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) di pembibitan yang ditunjukkan oleh persentase hidup, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit dan jumlah akar yang lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan yang lain. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of variation in the length of cuttings on the growth of grafted cutting of cinchona (Cinchona  Sp. ) clone QRC. The research was conducted in Gambung Experimental Garden, Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Bandung at 1,300 m above sea level, Andisol soil type with type B of climate according to the classification of Schmidt and Fergusson (1951), average of rainfall between 2,000 mm – 3,000 mm per year, average temperature of 13,5oC – 21,1oC, and relative humidity of 68% – 97%. The research used randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments and five replications. The treatment was length of cutting was consisted of 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 cm. The result showed that the different length gave a different effect on the percentage of live grafted cutting, length of grafted cutting, number of leaves, number of root as well as length of root of seedling in  nursery. The used of 7 cm of cutting gave the best effect on the growth of grafted cinchona seedling in nursery indicated by the percentage of live seedling which was better than other treatments.
Pemanfaatan Zeolit dan Dolomit sebagai Pembenah untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemupukan pada Lahan Sawah
Authors: Juarsah Ishak
Published: September 2016

Salah satu upaya alternatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas lahan sawah yang telah terdegradasi adalah mengaplikasikan zeolit dan dolomit yang dikombinasi dengan pengelolaan bahan organik serta sistem pemupukan berimbang yang spesifik lokasi berdasarkan uji tanah dan kebutuhan tanaman. Pemanfaatan pembenah tanah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan pada lahan sawah perlu dilakukan, sebab kegiatan intensifikasi dan estensifikasi pertanian dari program Bimas dan Inmas yang kurang mengindahkan kaidah pemupukan berimbang telah mengakibatkan semakin merosotnya kualitas lahan sawah, sehingga terjadi fenomena levelling off.  Penelitian dilakukan di Lampung Tengah dengan tujuan 1) mengetahui tingkat efisiensi pemupukan di tingkat petani sebagai dampak dari penggunaan zeolit dan dolomit, : (2) mengetahui  pengaruh pemberian zeolit dan dolomit terhadap perbaikan sifat-sifat tanah dan produktivitas lahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, yakni pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuisioner terstruktur guna mengungkap karakteristik petani, identifikasi, dan prospek zeolit dan dolomit  di masa depan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa jenis zeolit dan dolomit yang dikenal dan digunakan adalah: Zeolit Agro 2000, ZP.30 (Zeolit yang diperkaya hara P) dan dolomit. Penggunaan zeolit dan dolomit bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman padi sekitar 10-30%. One of alternative efforts to increase rice field soils quality which have degradated is through applying zeolit and dolomite combined with organic matter management along with spesific location balanced fertilizer system based on soil testing and nutrients need for the crop. Study of soil conditioner utilization for increasing fertilizer efficiency on paddy soils must be done, because agriculture intensive and extensive activity of Bimas and Inmas program did not considered the principles of balanced fertilizer which consequences the decreasing of paddy soils quality, finally lead to the occurrence a levelling off phenomenon. The research had been conducted in Centre Lampung district with the objectives, (1) to know fertilizer efficiency at the farmer level as the impact of zeolit and dolomite  utilizing. (2) to know the efect  of the soil physic and chemical and land productivity. The research method used was survey methods, its mean that data collected pass through interview with the structure questioner to know farmer’s characteristics, identification, and soils conditioner development prospect in the future. The results of this research found that, the kind of zeolit and dolomite  which had been known and used were Zeolit Agro 2000, ZP.30 (enriched zeolit with P nutrient) and dolomite. Zeolit and dolomite utilization in both districts had benefit to increase rice crop production more or less 10-30%.