bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Bromelain and Liposomal Vitamin C in the treatment of chronic venous disease
Authors: Buso Giacomo , Santini Paolo , Ghirardini Francesca , Cannavacciuolo Francesca , Visonà Adriana , Zalunardo Beniamino , Pola Roberto , Martini Romeo
Published: February 2025

Summary: Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a prevalent condition leading to significant morbidity and affecting quality of life. Among conservative treatment strategies, venoactive drugs are often recommended by major guidelines for the management of CVD. Bromelain and vitamin C are now emerging as promising options in the management of several chronic diseases owing to their anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and antioxidant properties, though evidence remains scarce in this setting. This systematic review of the literature, endorsed by the Italian Society of Angiology and Vascular Medicine ( Societa Italiana di Angiologia e Patologia Vascolare, SIAPAV), aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these compounds in the treatment of CVD. A comprehensive search yielded nine studies, two on bromelain and seven on vitamin C. No studies have evaluated the effects of bromelain and vitamin C alone or in combination, whereas both molecules were administered in combination with other nutritional supplements. Overall, CVD-related symptoms and edema seem to improve with dietary supplement containing these two compounds, with no major safety issues reported. Bromelain and vitamin C may thus represent attractive options in the management of patients with symptomatic CVD and/or presence of venous edema, provided optimal conservative treatment is in place. Dedicated clinical studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of a combination of these molecules in CVD management.
Inter-Subject Correlations of Pupillary Audience Responses
Authors: Schmälzle Ralf , Wu Juncheng , Lim Sue , Bente Gary
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This study introduces a novel VR-based approach to measure pupillary responses during media consumption. Researchers exposed participants to 30 video messages in a virtual TV viewing room, capturing pupil dilation and constriction via VR-integrated eye-tracking. By analyzing cross-receiver similarity (inter-subject correlations) of pupillometric responses, we could identify which specific video an individual was watching. This method worked best under normal viewing conditions and was sensitive to attentional manipulations. This study also found that messages with the most robust pupil response signatures were more likely to be remembered. Theoretical implications for quantifying media exposure and developing signatures of perceptual attention in individuals and audiences are discussed. Practically, this pupillary audience response measurement could be applied to various media formats, including screen-based media, social media, and VR/AR environments. In sum, the study highlights the potential of pupillometry in understanding audience engagement and response dynamics in naturalistic media consumption settings.
Constraining Dike Opening Models With Seismic Velocity Changes Associated With the 2023–2024 Eruption Sequence on the Reykjanes Peninsula
Authors: Bird E. , Atterholt J. , Li J. , Biondi E. , Zhai Q. , Li L. , Yang Y. , Fang J. , Wei X. , Hjörleifsdóttir V. , Klesh A. , Kamalov V. , Gunnarsson T. , Zhan Z.
Published: February 2025

The stress field perturbation caused by magmatic intrusions within volcanic systems induces strain in the surrounding region. This effect results in the opening and closing of microcracks in the vicinity of the intrusion, which can affect regional seismic velocities. In late November 2023, we deployed a distributed acoustic sensing interrogator to convert an existing 100‐km telecommunication fiber‐optic cable along the coast of Iceland's Reykjanes peninsula into a dense seismic array, which has run continuously. Measuring changes in surface wave moveout with ambient noise cross‐correlation, we observe up to 2% changes in Rayleigh wave phase velocity following eruptions in the peninsula's 2023–2024 sequence that are likely associated with magmatic intrusions into the eruption‐feeding dike. We apply a Bayesian inversion to compute the posterior distribution of potential dike opening models for each eruption by considering measurements for varying channel pairs and frequency bands, and assuming this velocity change is tied to volumetric strain associated with dike‐opening. Our results are in agreement with those based on geodetic measurement and provide independent constraints on the depth of the dike, demonstrating the viability of this novel inversion and new volcano monitoring directions through fiber sensing.
Modeling Reservoir‐Induced Seismicity: A Dynamic Poro‐Visco‐Elasto‐Plastic Earthquake Simulator With Spontaneous Dilatant Coseismic Rupture
Authors: Katsman Regina , Ben‐Avraham Zvi
Published: February 2025

Compared to other kinds of fluid‐related seismicity, reservoir‐induced seismicity (RIS) is usually characterized by higher magnitudes. Seismic and water level monitoring and statistical modeling, however, do not provide comprehensive understanding of the RIS mechanism and controls. This study presents a novel finite element method‐based 2D poro‐visco‐elasto‐plastic fully dynamic earthquake model, specifically applicable to RIS simulations. A dynamic coseismic rupture phase driven by wave‐mediated stress transfers coupled with rate‐and‐state dependent friction coefficient weakening is modeled, along with interseismic deformations. Coseismic crack opening in a dilatant regime, inducing porosity and permeability hikes, is implemented. The adaptive time stepping resolves the contrasting time scales of coseismic rupturing and quasi‐static interseismic deformations, without having to switch the modeling strategy, thereby enabling the modeling of a large number of seismic cycles. The model component verifications demonstrate convincing agreement with theoretical predictions. In the first stage of the simulations, Drucker‐Prager plasticity is used to generate a normal fault with enhanced porosity in the Earth's upper crust, over a long time‐scale of millions of years. In the second stage of the simulations, RIS is modeled under typical reservoir impoundment dynamics, producing four seismic sequences, triggered by pore pressure increase at the fault at shallow depth below the reservoir. This pressurization is released by aftershocks in every seismic cluster, accompanied by permeability hikes and associated with fault “valving” behavior. The model allows investigation of spatio‐temporal RIS characteristics and their controls. It may contribute to earthquake prediction in situ and facilitate earthquake mitigation policies.
Barium Isotope Fingerprint for Recycled Ancient Sediment in the Source of EM1‐Type Continental Basalts
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Shan , Liu Jian‐Qiang , Chen Li‐Hui , Chen Kai‐Yun , Zhao Jian , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Zeng Gang , Zhang Hong‐Fu
Published: February 2025

The origin of enriched mantle 1 (EM1) endmember, characterized by low 206Pb/204Pb and 143Nd/144Nd ratios in ocean island basalts, has long been debated. This is because melting of surrounding peridotite, together with the EM1 component, can dilute the “EM1 fingerprints” in these rocks. Here, we present barium isotope data for well‐characterized EM1‐type continental basalts from northeast China to constrain their nature and origin. Our results show that these basalts have δ138/134Ba values ranging from −0.1‰ to 0.08‰, which are lower than the depleted MORB mantle. Correlations between δ138/134Ba and K/U, Ba/Th, U/Pb, εNd and 206Pb/204Pb suggest a heterogeneous source involving binary mixing between the lithospheric mantle and an EM1 component. The EM1 component, characterized by light δ138/134Ba and low 206Pb/204Pb ratios, can be attributed to the addition of recycled ancient sediments to the source. This study indicates that Ba isotopes have potential to trace crustal material recycling into Earth's deep mantle.
Asian Summer Monsoon and Orographic Winds Change the Pollen Flow in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China
Authors: Zeng Hui , Wang Zi‐Yu , Chen Gui‐Xing , Ferguson David K. , Wang Yu‐Fei , Yao Yi‐Feng
Published: February 2025

Unlike plains, mountains provide diverse habitats for various biomes due to complex topography and large altitudinal differences. It is crucial for objectively reconstructing deep‐time biodiversity changes that the pollen source, dispersal, and driving forces in montane ecosystems are studied. Here, we investigate surface soil samples from different vertical zones in the Hengduan Mountains. Results show the pollen assemblages generally reflect the dominant components of the warm temperate coniferous forest and the cold temperate coniferous and sclerophyllous oak mixed forest, but exotic anemophilous pollen like Pinus (53.4%), Alnus (3.5%), Tsuga (1.1%), and Juglans (0.5%) are found in the subalpine scrub and meadows by upslope flow. The atmospheric reanalysis data suggests that the Asian summer monsoon and diurnally‐varying orographic winds may jointly drive the upslope and downslope pollen flows. These new findings provide basic scientific data and potential interpretations for the reconstructions of past vegetation and plant diversity in global montane ecosystems.
Peatland Plant Community Changes in Annual Production and Composition Through 8 Years of Warming Manipulations Under Ambient and Elevated CO2 Atmospheres
Authors: Hanson P. J. , Griffiths N. A. , Salmon V. G. , Birkebak J. M. , Warren J. M. , Phillips J. R. , Guilliams M. P. , Oleheiser K. C. , Jones M. W. , Jones N. J. , Enterkine J. , Glenn N. F. , Pearson K. J.
Published: February 2025

The Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment has operated five whole‐ecosystem warming manipulations (+0, +2.25, +4.5, +6.75, and +9°C) with paired ambient and elevated CO2 atmospheres (eCO2, +500 ppm) for 8 full calendar years (since August 2015). We tracked shrub‐layer vegetation responses to the treatments using annual destructive plot sampling. Tree (Picea and Larix) responses were assessed annually using nondestructive dimensional analyses and allometric conversions. Shrub community changes were assessed for key ericaceous shrubs (Rhododendron, Chamaedaphne, and Kalmia), two Vaccinium species (V. angustifolium, V. oxycoccos), graminoid species (mostly Eriophorum), and one common forb (Maianthemum trifolium), plus minor understory species. We tracked annual aboveground net primary production (ANPP) for vascular plant species in gC m−2 y−1 and overall stand contribution in dry mass. We observed a linear increase in shrub‐layer aboveground biomass accumulation with warming over time due primarily to an increase in ericaceous shrub abundance. Cumulative biomass increases across the shrub community showed overall positive responses to eCO2 after 8 years. Community composition also changed with warming, with increases in woody shrub density, and the reduction or loss of forbs. The tree community showed minimal initial responses to warming early in the treatments, but since 2020, has shown significant increases in ANPP and individual tree growth with warming. The main driver of change in the vascular plant community was temperature, with less pronounced effects of eCO2 evident. These results indicate an overall increase in ANPP with warming from both the tree and shrub layers of peatland vegetation.
The Formation Process, Mechanism, and Attribution of Urban Impervious Surface Thermal Runoff
Authors: Luo Yi , Wang Qingqing , Yang Kun , Zhang Yang , Shang Chunxue , Pei Xingfang , Chen Rixiang , Li Dingpu , Peng Changqing
Published: February 2025

Studies have shown that thermal runoff will form on the impervious surface after rainfall occurs in summer, which will cause thermal pollution to urban water bodies. However, the existing thermal runoff calculation models lack a simplified hydrothermal model suitable for typical impervious surfaces and do not continuously express the process of runoff formation by rainfall. In this study, a simplified urban rainwater runoff heat transfer model was established, and a temperature heat transfer model of urban impervious surface runoff based on numerical simulation was proposed in a continuous state. By comparing with the field‐measured data, the model has a higher calculation accuracy (R2 = 0.98, MAE = 0.16°C, RMSE = 0.17°C). The combination of the random forest model and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to evaluate and explain the main factors affecting surface runoff temperature, and it was found that the initial surface temperature was positively correlated with runoff temperature, which was the most critical factor affecting surface runoff temperature. All other things being equal, we find that for every 5°C increase in initial surface temperature, the event mean temperature (EMT) will increase by 0.2°C, no matter what kind of climatic conditions and underlying surface conditions in summer, the runoff EMT will gradually increase within 2 minutes of the rainfall and reach the maximum value, after which the runoff EMT will show a downward trend, but it will still be higher than the initial rainwater temperature.
Using twin-pairs to assess potential bias in polygenic prediction of externalising behaviours across development
Authors: Bright Joanna K. , Rayner Christopher , Freeman Ze , Zavos Helena M. S. , Ahmadzadeh Yasmin I. , Viding Essi , McAdams Tom A.
Published: February 2025

Prediction from polygenic scores may be confounded by sources of passive gene-environment correlation (rGE; e.g. population stratification, assortative mating, and environmentally mediated effects of parental genotype on child phenotype). Using genomic data from 10 000 twin pairs, we asked whether polygenic scores from the most recent externalising genome-wide association study predict conduct problems, ADHD symptomology and callous-unemotional traits, and whether these predictions are biased by rGE. We ran regression models including within-family and between-family polygenic scores, to separate the direct genetic influence on a trait from environmental influences that correlate with genes (indirect genetic effects). Findings suggested that this externalising polygenic score is a good index of direct genetic influence on conduct and ADHD-related symptoms across development, with minimal bias from rGE, although the polygenic score predicted less variance in CU traits. Post-hoc analyses showed some indirect genetic effects acting on a common factor indexing stability of conduct problems across time and contexts.
17-beta estradiol prevents cardiac myocyte hypertrophy by regulating mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1
Authors: Calle Ximena , Garrido-Moreno Valeria , Becerra Brenda , Troncoso Mayarling F. , Silva-Agüero Juan Francisco , Guajardo-Correa Emanuel , Venegas-Zamora Leslye , Lopez-Gallardo Erik , Muñoz-Córdova Felipe , Fredericksen Fernanda , Aedo-Cares Sebastian , Peñaloza-Otárola Allan , Ortega Angelica , Raya Angel , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , Chiong Mario , Parra Valentina , Lavandero Sergio
Published: February 2025

Cardiac hypertrophy is a cellular process characterized by the increased size of cardiomyocytes in response to a high workload or stress. 17-beta estradiol (E2) has cardioprotective and anti-hypertrophic effects by maintaining mitochondrial network and function. MUL1 is a mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase directly involved in the control of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Studies from our group and others have previously shown that cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is associated with mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. These findings led us to study in vitro whether E2 regulates MUL1 to prevent cardiac hypertrophy, mitochondrial fission, and dysfunction induced by the catecholamine norepinephrine (NE). Our results showed that NE induces hypertrophy in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Pre-treatment with E2 (10-100 nM) prevented the NE-dependent increases in cell perimeter and the hypertrophic stress markers ANP and BNP at both the protein and mRNA levels. NE induced the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and reduced ATP levels, effects that were both prevented by E2. In silico analysis suggested a putative binding site for estrogen receptors on the MUL1 gene promoter. In accordance with this finding, E2 prevented increases in MUL1 mRNA and protein levels induced by NE. Our data also showed that a siRNA MUL1 knockdown counteracted NE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction, mirroring the protective effect triggered by E2. In contrast, a MUL1 adenovirus did not prevent the E2 protection from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Further, in vivo analysis in a transgenic mouse model overexpressing MUL1 revealed that only young male mice overexpressed the protein. Consequently, they exhibited increased levels of the hypertrophic marker ANP, an elevated heart weight, and larger cardiomyocyte size. Therefore, our data demonstrate that 17-beta estradiol prevents cardiac myocyte hypertrophy by regulating MUL1.
Quantifying vitamin D intake among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia
Authors: Neo Belinda , Tilbrook Dale , Nannup Noel , Daly Alison , Dunlop Eleanor , Jacky John , Michie Carol , Prior Cindy , Farrant Brad , Shepherd Carrington C. J. , Lawrence Anita S. , Tescari Edoardo , Black Lucinda J.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration < 50 nmol/L) is prevalent among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Alternative to sun exposure (the primary source of vitamin D), vitamin D can also be obtained from food (e.g. fish, eggs, and meat) and supplements. However, the vitamin D intake of this population group is unknown. We aimed to provide the first quantification of vitamin D intake using nationally representative data from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Methods

We used food consumption data collected in the 2012–2013 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 4109) and vitamin D food composition data to quantify vitamin D intake by sex, age group, and remoteness of location. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess the difference in vitamin D intake between sexes and remoteness of location.

Results

The median (25th, 75th percentile) vitamin D intake among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples aged ≥ 2 years was 80 (45, 145) IU/day. Vitamin D intake was statistically significantly different between males and females (p = < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between vitamin D intake in non-remote and remote areas (p = 0.292).

Conclusions

Vitamin D intake among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is low. Food-based public health strategies guided by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Elders and communities could be developed to promote higher vitamin D intake among this population.
Parafermions in moiré minibands
Authors: Liu Hui , Perea-Causin Raul , Bergholtz Emil J.
Published: February 2025

Moiré materials provide a remarkably tunable platform for topological and strongly correlated quantum phases of matter. Very recently, the first Abelian fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) at zero magnetic field have been experimentally demonstrated, and it has been theoretically predicted that non-Abelian states with Majorana fermion excitations may be realized in the nearly dispersionless minibands of these systems. Here, we provide telltale evidence based on many-body exact diagonalization for the even more exotic possibility of moiré-based non-Abelian FCIs exhibiting Fibonacci parafermion excitations. In particular, we obtain low-energy quantum numbers, spectral flow, many-body Chern numbers, and entanglement spectra consistent with the

$${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{3}$$

Z

3

Read–Rezayi parafermion phase in an exemplary moiré system with tunable quantum geometry. Our results hint towards the robustness of moiré-based parafermions and encourage the pursuit in moiré systems of these non-Abelian quasiparticles that are superior candidates for topological quantum computing.
Reversible long-range domain wall motion in an improper ferroelectric
Authors: Zahn Manuel , Müller Aaron Merlin , Kelley Kyle P. , Neumayer Sabine , Kalinin Sergei V. , Kézsmarki István , Fiebig Manfred , Lottermoser Thomas , Domingo Neus , Meier Dennis , Schultheiß Jan
Published: February 2025

Reversible ferroelectric domain wall movements beyond the 10 nm range associated with Rayleigh behavior are usually restricted to specific defect-engineered systems. Here, we demonstrate that such long-range movements naturally occur in the improper ferroelectric ErMnO3 during electric-field-cycling. We study the electric-field-driven motion of domain walls, showing that they readily return to their initial position after having traveled distances exceeding 250 nm. By applying switching spectroscopy band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy, we track the domain wall movement with nanometric spatial precision and analyze the local switching behavior. Phase field simulations show that the reversible long-range motion is intrinsic to the hexagonal manganites, linking it to their improper ferroelectricity and topologically protected structural vortex lines, which serve as anchor point for the ferroelectric domain walls. Our results give new insight into the local dynamics of domain walls in improper ferroelectrics and demonstrate the possibility to reversibly displace domain walls over much larger distances than commonly expected for ferroelectric systems in their pristine state, ensuring predictable device behavior for applications such as tunable capacitors or sensors.
Vernier microcombs for integrated optical atomic clocks
Authors: Wu Kaiyi , O’Malley Nathan P. , Fatema Saleha , Wang Cong , Girardi Marcello , Alshaykh Mohammed S. , Ye Zhichao , Leaird Daniel E. , Qi Minghao , Torres-Company Victor , Weiner Andrew M.
Published: February 2025

Kerr microcombs have drawn substantial interest as mass-manufacturable, compact alternatives to bulk frequency combs. This could enable the deployment of many comb-reliant applications previously confined to laboratories. Particularly enticing is the prospect of microcombs performing optical frequency division in compact optical atomic clocks. Unfortunately, it is difficult to meet the self-referencing requirement of microcombs in these systems owing to the approximately terahertz repetition rates typically required for octave-spanning comb generation. In addition, it is challenging to spectrally engineer a microcomb system to align a comb mode with an atomic clock transition with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Here we adopt a Vernier dual-microcomb scheme for optical frequency division of a stabilized ultranarrow-linewidth continuous-wave laser at 871 nm to an ~235 MHz output frequency. This scheme enables shifting an ultrahigh-frequency (~100 GHz) carrier-envelope offset beat down to frequencies where detection is possible and simultaneously placing a comb line close to the 871 nm laser—tuned so that, if frequency doubled, it would fall close to the clock transition in 171Yb+. Our dual-comb system can potentially combine with an integrated ion trap towards future chip-scale optical atomic clocks.
SPO11 dimers are sufficient to catalyse DNA double-strand breaks in vitro
Authors: Oger Cédric , Claeys Bouuaert Corentin
Published: February 2025

SPO11 initiates meiotic recombination through the induction of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)1,2, but this catalytic activity has never been reconstituted in vitro3,4. Here, using Mus musculus SPO11, we report a biochemical system that recapitulates all the hallmarks of meiotic DSB formation. We show that SPO11 catalyses break formation in the absence of any partners and remains covalently attached to the 5′ broken strands. We find that target site selection by SPO11 is influenced by the sequence, bendability and topology of the DNA substrate, and provide evidence that SPO11 can reseal single-strand DNA breaks. In addition, we show that SPO11 is monomeric in solution and that cleavage requires dimerization for the reconstitution of two hybrid active sites. SPO11 and its partner TOP6BL form a 1:1 complex that catalyses DNA cleavage with an activity similar to that of SPO11 alone. However, this complex binds DNA ends with higher affinity, suggesting a potential role after cleavage. We propose a model in which additional partners of SPO11 required for DSB formation in vivo assemble biomolecular condensates that recruit SPO11–TOP6BL, enabling dimerization and cleavage. Our work establishes SPO11 dimerization as the fundamental mechanism that controls the induction of meiotic DSBs.
Reconstitution of SPO11-dependent double-strand break formation
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Zheng Lyuqin , Arter Meret , Liu Kaixian , Yamada Shintaro , Ontoso David , Kim Soonjoung , Keeney Scott
Published: February 2025

Meiotic recombination starts with SPO11 generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)1. SPO11 is critical for meiosis in most species, but it generates dangerous DSBs with mutagenic2 and gametocidal3 potential. Cells must therefore utilize the beneficial functions of SPO11 while minimizing its risks4—how they do so remains poorly understood. Here we report reconstitution of DNA cleavage in vitro with purified recombinant mouse SPO11 bound to TOP6BL. SPO11–TOP6BL complexes are monomeric (1:1) in solution and bind tightly to DNA, but dimeric (2:2) assemblies cleave DNA to form covalent 5′ attachments that require SPO11 active-site residues, divalent metal ions and SPO11 dimerization. SPO11 can also reseal DNA that it has nicked. Structure modelling with AlphaFold 3 suggests that DNA is bent prior to cleavage5. In vitro cleavage displays a sequence bias that partially explains DSB site preferences in vivo. Cleavage is inefficient on complex DNA substrates, partly because SPO11 is readily trapped in DSB-incompetent (presumably monomeric) binding states that exchange slowly. However, cleavage is improved with substrates that favour dimer assembly or by artificially dimerizing SPO11. Our results inform a model in which intrinsically weak dimerization restrains SPO11 activity in vivo, making it exquisitely dependent on accessory proteins that focus and control DSB formation.
Plasma proteome variation and its genetic determinants in children and adolescents
Authors: Niu Lili , Stinson Sara Elizabeth , Holm Louise Aas , Lund Morten Asp Vonsild , Fonvig Cilius Esmann , Cobuccio Leonardo , Meisner Jonas , Juel Helene Bæk , Fadista Joao , Thiele Maja , Krag Aleksander , Holm Jens-Christian , Rasmussen Simon , Hansen Torben , Mann Matthias
Published: February 2025

Our current understanding of the determinants of plasma proteome variation during pediatric development remains incomplete. Here, we show that genetic variants, age, sex and body mass index significantly influence this variation. Using a streamlined and highly quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow, we analyzed plasma from 2,147 children and adolescents, identifying 1,216 proteins after quality control. Notably, the levels of 70% of these were associated with at least one of the aforementioned factors, with protein levels also being predictive. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regulated at least one-third of the proteins; between a few percent and up to 30-fold. Together with excellent replication in an additional 1,000 children and 558 adults, this reveals substantial genetic effects on plasma protein levels, persisting from childhood into adulthood. Through Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses, we identified 41 causal genes for 33 cardiometabolic traits, emphasizing the value of protein QTLs in drug target identification and disease understanding.
Gene expression atlas of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
Authors: Wilhelm Léonore , Wang Yangzi , Xu Shuqing
Published: February 2025

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a major pest of potato crops, known for its remarkable ability to develop resistance to more than 50 pesticides. For decades, CPB has served as a model species for studying insecticide resistance, insect physiology, diapause, reproduction, and evolution. However, research progress on CPB has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic resources. Here, leveraging a recently established chromosome-level genome assembly, we constructed a gene expression atlas of CPB using transcriptomic data from 61 samples representing major organs and developmental stages. By integrating short- and long-read sequencing technologies, we enhanced the genome annotation and identified 6,623 additional genes that were previously undetected. Furthermore, we developed a web portal to facilitate the search and visualization of the gene expression atlas, providing an accessible resource for the research community. The CPB gene expression atlas offers valuable tools and comprehensive data that will accelerate future research in pest control and insect biology.
High risk of political bias in black box emotion inference models
Authors: Plisiecki Hubert , Lenartowicz Paweł , Flakus Maria , Pokropek Artur
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the presence of political bias in emotion inference models used for sentiment analysis (SA). Machine learning models often reflect biases in their training data, impacting the validity of their outcomes. While previous research has highlighted gender and race biases, our study focuses on political bias—an underexplored, pervasive issue that can skew the interpretation of text data across many studies. We audit a Polish sentiment analysis model developed in our lab for bias. By analyzing valence predictions for names and sentences involving Polish politicians, we uncovered systematic differences influenced by political affiliations. Our findings suggest that annotations by human raters propagate political biases into the model’s predictions. To prove it, we pruned the training dataset of texts mentioning these politicians and observed a reduction in bias, though not its complete elimination. Given the significant implications of political bias in SA, our study emphasizes caution in employing these models for social science research. We recommend a critical examination of SA results and propose using lexicon-based systems as an ideologically neutral alternative. This paper underscores the necessity for ongoing scrutiny and methodological adjustments to ensure the reliability of the use of machine learning in academic and applied contexts.
Association between breast cancer risk factors and blood microbiome in patients with breast cancer
Authors: An Jeongshin , Kwon Hyungju , Oh Se-Young , Kim Young Ju
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the relationship between risk factors for breast cancer (BC) and the microbiome by comparing the microbiomes of BC patients with fatty liver disease to those with a normal liver. Bacterial extracellular vesicles were collected from each blood sample, and next-generation sequencing was performed. The analysis identified specific microbiome profiles shared among groups with hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and high body mass index (BMI), which were then compared with functional biomarkers. In particular, the genus Faecalibacterium was a specific bacterium found in the groups with high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high BMI, and fatty liver disease. Therefore, when the prognosis of patients with BC was analysed based on Faecalibacterium presence, it was confirmed that patients’ prognoses tended to deteriorate. In this study, BC risk factors, such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, fatty liver, and high BMI, were interconnected through the microbiome. This provides insights into how the risk factors for BC are linked and their impact on the microbiome and human health.
Fecal microbiota and genetics in pediatric-onset orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn´s disease
Authors: Höyhtyä Miikka , Haaramo Anu , Nikkonen Anne , Ventin-Holmberg Rebecka , Agrawal Nitin , Ritari Jarmo , Hickman Brandon , Partanen Jukka , Alapulli Heikki , Tuokkola Jetta , Salonen Anne , de Vos Willem M , Kolho Kaija-Leena
Published: February 2025

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition. It is under debate, whether it is a condition of its own or merely a subtype of Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to search for markers characteristic of patients with pediatric-onset OFG compared to patients with pediatric-onset CD. We recruited young patients with OFG (with or without CD, n = 29), CD (n = 24), and healthy controls (n = 20). All participants provided a fecal sample for microbiota and calprotectin analyses and saliva for DNA analysis of genes associated with OFG and kept a 3-day food diary. Oral disease activity was evaluated using The Oral Disease Activity Score by an otorhinolaryngologist and a dentist. We observed decreased relative abundance in class Clostridia and increased relative abundances of classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli in the feces of patients with OFG when compared to patients with CD and healthy controls. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium adolescentis increased and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreased along with the increase in the Oral Disease Activity Score. We found the NOD2 gene rs8057341 allele A to be enriched in patients with OFG compared to patients with CD. These findings support the theory that OFG is a distinct disease phenotype.
Mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus-derived extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory response in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages
Authors: Saenz-de-Juano Mara D. , Silvestrelli Giulia , Buri Samuel , Zinsli Léa V. , Schmelcher Mathias , Ulbrich Susanne E.
Published: February 2025

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common causative agents of mammary gland infection and mastitis, but the specific role of S. aureus-derived extracellular vesicles (SaEVs) in mastitis has been poorly studied to date. Here, we aimed to investigate the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (boMdM) to SaEVs of the genotype B (GTB) mastitis-related strain M5512B. Specifically, we evaluated the effects on the actin cytoskeleton, gene expression, and the SaEV proteomic cargo. Furthermore, we assessed to what extent the cellular and molecular response of boMdM to SaEVs differed from peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) used for in vitro derivation of the former. We observed that SaEVs induced morphological changes in boMdM, leading to a pro-inflammatory and pyroptosis-related increased gene expression. Additionally, our study revealed that boMdM and PBMCs exhibited stimulus-specific differing responses. The proteomic analysis of SaEVs identified clusters of proteins related to virulence and antibiotic resistance, supporting the theory that S. aureus might use EVs to evade host defences and colonize the mammary gland. Our results bring new insights into how SaEVs might impact the host during an S. aureus infection, which can be useful for future S. aureus vaccine development.
Core decompression assisted by multi-functional minimally invasive instruments for the treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Yuan Daizhu , Wu Zhanyu , Zhou Yuhu , Teng Jianxiang , Chen Qiuhan , Ye Chuan
Published: February 2025

Core decompression is a common method for treating early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, the surgical procedure is cumbersome due to the lack of appropriate surgical instruments. This study aims to modify surgical instruments to improve surgery efficiency. A total of 28 patients with early ONFH treated with the core decompression were enrolled. 13 cases were treated with new instruments and the other 15 cases were treated with the traditional methods. The convenience of the new instruments was evaluated by comparing evaluation indicators. The multi-functional instruments reduced the number of fluoroscopy, shorted the operation time, improved the delivery efficiency, reduced the intraoperative blood loss, and reduced the surgical incision compared with the traditional method (p < 0.05). The new instruments removed the healthy bone of the femoral head and neck for reuse, the overall hospitalization cost was lower, and patient satisfaction was higher (p < 0.05). In the postoperative follow-up, the VAS was lower and Harris score was higher compared with the traditional group (p < 0.05). The multi-functional instruments can achieve the advantages of accurate positioning of the necrotic area, removed and reused healthy bone, effective expanded decompression, and efficient implant delivery, which is the effective instrument for the early ONFH.
Ensemble fuzzy deep learning for brain tumor detection
Authors: Belhadi Asma , Djenouri Youcef , Belbachir Ahmed Nabil
Published: February 2025

This research presents a novel ensemble fuzzy deep learning approach for brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis, aiming to improve the segmentation of brain tissues and abnormalities. The method integrates multiple components, including diverse deep learning architectures enhanced with volumetric fuzzy pooling, a model fusion strategy, and an attention mechanism to focus on the most relevant regions of the input data. The process begins by collecting medical data using sensors to acquire MRI images. These data are then used to train several deep learning models that are specifically designed to handle various aspects of brain MRI segmentation. To enhance the model’s performance, an efficient ensemble learning method is employed to combine the predictions of multiple models, ensuring that the final decision accounts for different strengths of each individual model. A key feature of the approach is the construction of a knowledge base that stores data from training images and associates it with the most suitable model for each specific sample. During the inference phase, this knowledge base is consulted to quickly identify and select the best model for processing new test images, based on the similarity between the test data and previously encountered samples. The proposed method is rigorously tested on real-world brain MRI segmentation benchmarks, demonstrating superior performance in comparison to existing techniques. Our proposed method achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 95% on the complete Brain MRI Segmentation dataset, demonstrating a 10% improvement over baseline solutions.
Ligand-mediated interaction in a dispersion of lead-halide perovskite nanocubes: implications on directed structures in equilibrium
Authors: Sasmal Avik , Tendong Edwine , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri , Chakrabarti Jaydeb
Published: February 2025

Inspired by experimental findings on ordered nanostructures of ligand-coated Cs–Pb-halide nanoparticles, we use DFT, MD, metadynamics, and MC simulations to explore their formation mechanisms.
New synthetic pathway towards BTrzPhen-tetraol: a hydrophilic 2,9-bis-triazolyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligand for selective americium stripping
Authors: Troosters P. , Opsomer T. , Van Hecke K. , Verguts K. , Reniers F. , Van Hoecke K. , Zsabka P. , Cardinaels T. , Dehaen W.
Published: February 2025

Chromatography-free synthesis of BTrzPhen-tetraol. This CHON extractant exhibited favorable solubility, stability, and fast stripping kinetics.
A hermetically closed sample chamber enables time-lapse nano-characterization of pathogenic microorganisms in-vitro
Authors: Braun Esther , Andany Santiago H , Kangul Mustafa , Asmari Navid S , McKinney John , Fantner Georg Ernest
Published: February 2025

Pathogenic microorganisms, such as pathogenic mycobacteria, pose a global health burden. Studying these organisms is crucial for gaining detailed knowledge about the pathogens and the diseases they cause. To handle...
Functional covalent organic framework H2S sensors for periodontitis monitoring and antibacterial treatment
Authors: Chu Chenkai , Lian Xiao , Zheng Qian , Tao Yongxin , Qin Yong , Wang Jinmin
Published: February 2025

Incorporating the indicator (PB) and COF (EB-TFP), the IDA-based fluorescence-enhanced gas sensor (EB-TFP@PB) exhibited selective binding with H2S. EB-TFP@PB showed selective antibacterial activity against S. aureus under non-illuminated conditions.
The Ditetrel Bond between Propellane Derivatives and TH3F
Authors: Yang Linhao , Duan Mianqing , Sun Liyuan , Xie Chunmei , Zeng Yi
Published: February 2025

Binary and ternary ditetrel bonding complexes of [1.1.1]propellane, [2.1.1]propellane and [2.2.1]propellane as Lewis base interacting with Lewis acid TH3F (T=C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) have been systematically investigated at the...
Unraveling spin-orbit torque induced multistate magnetization switching in Co/Gd ferrimagnetic multilayers for physically unclonable functions
Authors: Li Caiyun , Xu Renyou , Duan Yuqi , Zhang Xiuye , Zhu Daoqian , Du Ao , Peng Zhiyang , Wang Shiqi , Shi Kewen , Zhao Weisheng
Published: February 2025

Ferrimagnetic materials driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT) exhibit the distinctive characteristic of multistate magnetization switching and enable versatile applications. However, the underlying mechanism governing multistate magnetization switching in ferrimagnetic materials...
Sulphur-decorated Ti3C2 MXene structures as high capacity electrode for Zn-ion batteries: A DFT study
Authors: Saharan Sunita , Ghanekar Umesh , Meena Shweta
Published: February 2025

MXene based structures have gained tremendous attention in energy storage applications, especially in ion batteries due to their promising electrical conductivity and high energy storage properties. Herein, we studied sulphur...
The Advances on Next Generation Electrochromic Supercapacitors: Emerging Applications, Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Pradhan Lingaraj , Das Tapas K , Jena Bikash Kumar Kumar
Published: February 2025

With the vast modernization and civilization, global energy demand increases rapidly. The excessive use of fossil fuels is one of the main environmental pollution concerns, causing global warming leads researchers...
Synthesis of d-glucono-1,4-lactones modified with linear saturated fatty acids as novel low molecular-weight organogelators and evaluation of their physical properties
Authors: Komba Shiro
Published: February 2025

The six-membered ring changes to a five-membered ring.
Shear-induced dynamics of an active Belousov–Zhabotinsky droplet
Authors: Shenoy Shreyas A. , Chaithanya KVS , Dayal Pratyush
Published: February 2025

This work shows the confluence of imposed shear flow, Marangoni flow, and droplet deformation on the dynamics of an active Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) droplet.
Understanding the role of acidity on the surface exchange reaction in mixed conductors: what is the effect of surface hydration?
Authors: Schwenkel David M. , De Souza Roger A. , Harrington George F.
Published: February 2025

The surface exchange rate of SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3−δ (STF) is substantially modified using acidic and basic infiltrated species. It is proposed that trace amounts of water species play a decisive role in this effect.
Unveiling Critical Role of Metal Oxide Infiltration in Controlling the Surface Oxygen Exchange Activity and Polarization of SrTi1-xFexO3-δ Perovskite Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Kim Hyunseung , Seo Han Gil , Ahn Sejong , Tuller Harry , Jung WooChul
Published: February 2025

Enhancing the oxygen reduction activity of mixed electronic-ionic conducting oxides holds paramount importance in various energy and fuel conversion technologies. One effective method has involved manipulating surface oxygen kinetics on...
Ultra-Stable Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries with Ferroelectric Oxide-Enhanced PVDF-Based Hybrid Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Jie , Huang Saifang , Zhao Yuyan , Cui Can , Zhang Yudong , Lin Haiqin , Zhao Cuijiao , Dai Weiji , Liu Zhuofeng , Song Xin , Cao Peng
Published: February 2025

Polymer electrolytes are promising for solid-state lithium metal batteries, while the intrinsic limitations such as low room-temperature ion conductivity and moderate electrochemical stability exist. Introduction of inorganic particles provides limited...
Linear and non-linear optical properties of FeSnO(OH)5 oxyhydroxide perovskite
Authors: El Hachmi Abdelhadi , Biswas Goutam , Sen Subhadeep , Manoun Bouchaib , Draoui Khalid , Sadoune Zouhair
Published: February 2025

This work investigates the optical parameters of jeanbandyite to assess its potential applications for optoelectronic devices.
Enhancing the crystallinity and dielectric performance of ALD-grown SrTiO3 films by introducing a sub-nm-thick Pt layer
Authors: Chung Hong Keun , Jeon Jihoon , Ye Seungwan , Kim Sung-Chul , Won Sung Ok , Park Tae Joo , Kim Seong Keun
Published: February 2025

SrTiO3 (STO), which has an exceptionally high dielectric constant, is a promising candidate for capacitor dielectrics for dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) applications.
Coral-like porous tubular Ni doped g-C3N4 nanocomposites as bifunctional templates for photocatalytic degradation and fluorescence detection of sunset yellow in beverages
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Ping , Li Shisen , Ren Yanting , Du Wenzhen , Yin Wenjing , Jiang Haiyan , Yang Qingli , Ma Yongchao
Published: February 2025

A one-step calcination method was used to prepare coral-like porous tubular g-C3N4 (Ni–CN) bifunctional composites with Ni doped N vacancies, which can be used for photocatalytic degradation and fluorescence detection of sunset yellow in beverages.
A heterojunction of high-entropy alloy and nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Zhang Qin , Ye Ying , Sun Lei , Sun Ping , Wei Jie , Gan Qi
Published: February 2025

FeCoNi-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with exceptional soft magnetic properties and electrical conductivity are utilized for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. Nevertheless, these materials have limitations in terms of high density, susceptibility...
Molecular engineering of functional DNA molecules toward point-of-care diagnostic devices
Authors: Zhan Jiayin , Wang Siyuan , Li Xiang , Zhang Jingjing
Published: February 2025

This review introduces functional DNA applications in point-of-care diagnostics, highlighting its potential to revolutionize diagnostics, and explores synergies with emerging technologies like nanotechnology and artificial intelligence.
High energy electron beam irradiation on the electrolyte enables fast-charging of lithium metal battery with long-term cycling stability
Authors: Yu Miaomiao , Liu Qiaoan , Rao Yuxin , Wang Huasong , Liu Pengfei , Li Xue , Zhang Yan , Fang Shan
Published: February 2025

Electron beam (E-beam) irradiation serves as a pivotal tool within the realms of materials science, nanotechnology, and microelectronics. Its application is instrumental in altering the physical and chemical properties of...
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM MODERATE RED WINE CONSUMPTION IN CD1 FEMALE MICE
Authors: Garcia-Moruno Emilia , Blazquez Ana Belen , Jimenez de Oya Nereida , Esteban Ana , Motta Silvia , Costantini Antonella , Sanchez-Cordon Pedro José , Pericuesta Eva , Martin-Acebes Miguel Angel , Gutierrez-Adan Alfonso , Saiz Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

In early 80´s, the so-called “French paradox” was proposed, that is, a correlation between wine consumption, a diet rich in fats, and a low mortality from coronary disease. Conversely, it...
Expression of concern: Innovative transdermal delivery of insulin using gelatin methacrylate-based microneedle patches in mice and mini-pigs
Authors: Demir Bilal , Rosselle Lea , Voronova Anna , Pagneux Quentin , Quenon Audrey , Gmyr Valery , Jary Dorothee , Hennuyer Nathalie , Staels Bart , Hubert Thomas , Abderrahmani Amar , Plaisance Valerie , Pawlowski Valerie , Boukherroub Rabah , Vignoud Severine , Szunerits Sabine
Published: February 2025

Expression of concern for ‘Innovative transdermal delivery of insulin using gelatin methacrylate-based microneedle patches in mice and mini-pigs’ by Bilal Demir et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2022, 7, 174–184, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NH00596K.
Retraction: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce mitochondria-associated apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Authors: Xia Zhenglin , He Jingliang , Li Bowei , He Ke , Yang Wenbing , Chen Xiaoxun , Zhang Jinqian , Xiang Guoan
Published: February 2025

Retraction of ‘Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce mitochondria-associated apoptosis in HepG2 cells’ by Zhenglin Xia et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 31764–31776, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA05132A.