bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Polymeric Wound Dress for the Treatment of Burns and Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Farazin Ashkan , Torkpour Zahra , Dehghani Shakiba , Mohammadi Ramin , Fahmy Mina D. , Saber-Samandari Saeed , Adel Labib Kirollos , Khandan Amirsalar
Published: September 2021

Today, various commercial dressings have been developed and introduced to the market. The diversity makes it difficult for the nurse to choose the right type. Although the most important reason to use a wound dress is to protect the wound from infection and prevent infection, but in fact, the main purpose of using these materials is to speed up the wound healing process. Traumatic injuries result in an epithelial wound that disrupts the continuity of the skin surface. These differences reveal as abrasions, punctures, and injuries. Wounds are divided into two types; the skin is either cut or ruptured, including deep wounds and bruises, or surface wounds. Expedited wound healing has been considered since the archaic era of human civilization, with the earliest reported case from the Ancient Egyptians. Wound lesions in mummified humans were observed to be cover with animal skin, with signs of (primary/secondary) wound healing present. A "new wound dressing" is an advanced wound dress used in wound management as biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials that heal wounds and burns. In the past, it was believed that dry wounds had expedited healing and wet wounds have been found to promote using re-epithelization and result in reduced scar formation. Wounds can be treated using various types of natural polymers and materials. Also, techniques like electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques can be used for the fabrication of standard wound dress. These wounds are associated with bandages, inflammation, bleeding, pain, and pus. In this work, we consider various types of wounds and techniques to treat the wound. Susceptibility to these areas, due to special symptoms for each of them. Products like hydrogels, hydrocolloids, films, sponges, and nano-fiber polymeric materials are used to promote healing. In this review, we examine the ideal products for the treatment of wounds in diabetic patients.
Comparison of the Effect and Durability of Lumbar Stabilization and Global Postural Reeducation Exercises on Movement Control, Pain and Disability in Men with Lumbar Movement Control Dysfunction
Authors: Rahmani Abolfazl , Minoonejad Hooman , Seidi Foad , Moghdas Tabrizi Yousef
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The global postural reeducation (GPR) method seems to be an effective method for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect and durability of 6 weeks of GPR and lumbar stability exercises on movement control, pain and disability in men with chronic nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) with lumbar movement control dysfunction.Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 46 men with non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP) with lumbar movement control dysfunction were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two exercise groups - one control group). Training intervention groups practiced for six weeks, three sessions per week. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Roland Morris questionnaire, and movement control test were used to measure pain, level of physical disability, and lumbar movement control, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to compare the effect and durability of the two training protocols on the dependent variables at a significant level.Results: Results from this research showed that both types of exercises reduced pain (P = 0.001) and improved disability index (P = 0.001) and lumbar movement control (P = 0.001). Our findings suggested that a GPR intervention for 6 weeks (P = 0.040) and inactivity for 4 weeks (P = 0.001) resulted in a greater improvement in disability compared to the lumbar stabilization exercises (LSEs). Conclusion: Both types of exercises seem to be effective in improving lumbar movement control, pain, and disability in people with movement control dysfunction after both training and inactivity. The GPR method improved disability more than the LSEs.
Evaluating COVID-19 Related Health Anxiety Among Individuals Referring to Urban Health Centers in Arak, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohaghegh Pegah , Abedi Ehsan , Sofian Masomeh , Rafiei Fatemeh
Published: September 2021

Background and aims: The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in health anxiety among general population and unreasonable referring to health centers. This study aimed to assess health anxiety related to COVID-19 in individuals referring to healthcare centers of Arak, Iran in 2020. Methods: Using convenient sampling method, the participants of this cross-sectional study were selected from 16 urban health centers of Arak. Salkovskis 18-item Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) was completed by 392 participants. The collected data entered in SPSS software version 24 and was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Mean ± SD of total score of health anxiety was 28.96 ± 7.62. Most participants (74.7%) had medium anxiety and 19.1% had high anxiety. The mean of total score of health anxiety was higher in the 30-59 age range, higher education, single people and students. Participants with chronic diseases and symptoms of cold and people who referred to health centers due to COVID-19 screening had a higher anxiety level. Conclusion: Most people referring to health centers of arak had moderate anxiety. COVID-19-related health anxiety was higher in middle age range, higher education, students, people with chronic diseases, and people with symptoms of common cold.
Association Between Parental Educational Attainment and Children’s Negative Urgency: Sex Differences
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: September 2021

Background and aims: Negative urgency reflects a specific facet of impulsivity and correlates with a wide range of health-related risk behaviors, including, but not limited to, problematic substance use. Negative urgency is also shaped by family socioeconomic position (SEP), such as parental educational attainment (PEA). This study aimed to explore sex differences regarding protective effects of PEA on children’s negative urgency in the US. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study data. Baseline ABCD data included 10,535 American children in the age range of 9-10 years old. The independent variable was PEA, treated as a 5-level categorical variable. The primary outcome was negative urgency measured by the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-SS). Mixed-effects regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: In sex-stratified regression models, high PEA was predictive of lower levels of negative urgency in female but not male children. In the overall sample, sex showed a statistically significant interaction with PEA on children’s negative urgency, indicating a stronger protective effect of high PEA for female compared to male children. Conclusion: PEA was a more salient determinant of negative urgency in female children than male ones. Our results also showed that American boys tend to have high levels of negative urgency, which is a risk factor of drug use, at all parental education levels.
Cholera Outbreak in Hadhramout, Yemen: The Epidemiological Weeks 2019
Authors: Bin-Hameed Eidha Ali , Joban Huda Ameen
Published: September 2021

Background and aims: Cholera is a disease of acute watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae usually transmitted through contaminated water. In this study, we collected and analyzed the related epidemiological data to determine cholera outbreak in Hadhramout, Yemen during the disease epidemic in 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted according to screening rapid diagnostic and confirmatory laboratory culture testing methods for diagnosing clinically cholera cases. Results: Suspected cholera cases were tested by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and 399 (50.5%) out of 794 cases were determined positive, and 76(9.6%) of them were confirmed by laboratory culture test (LCT) with statistically significant difference. Serotype V. cholerae O1 was also detected in patients’ diarrhea. Females were the most affected by the disease manifested in 201 (25.3%) and 43 (5.4%) when tested by RDT and LCT, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. The highest proportion of cholera cases (224) were reported in the age group less than 15 years (56.1%) with statistically significant difference when tested by RDT, and 45(13.3%) when tested by LCT with insignificant statistics difference. Hajr directorate was revealed to be the most affected with 242 (30.47%) followed by Mukalla city directorate with 108 (13.60%) when the cases were tested by RDT; while Hajr and Mukalla city directorates reported 55 (7.0%) and 15 (2.0%), respectively, when it was confirmed by LCT with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Severe cholera outbreak occurred during the epidemiological weeks in 2019 in Hadhramout coast. V. cholerae O1 serotype was the causative agent of cholera. Females and age group less than 15 years were the most affected by the disease. Hajr and Mukalla city directorates reported serious outbreak cholera cases.
Reiterating the Importance of Publicly Funded and Provided Primary Healthcare for Non-communicable Diseases: The Case of India Comment on "Universal Health Coverage for Non-communicable Diseases and Health Equity: Lessons From Australian Primary Healthcare"
Authors: Nandi Sulakshana
Published: September 2021

India has established health and wellness centres (HWCs) and appointed mid-level healthcare providers (community health officers, CHOs) to provide free and comprehensive primary healthcare (PHC), through screening, prevention, control, management and treatment for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in addition to existing services for communicable diseases, and reproductive and child health. The range of services being provided and the number of people accessing ambulatory care in these government centres have increased, leading to more equitable healthcare access and financial protection. In policy debates, contestations exist prioritising between PHC or hospital services, and between publicly-provided healthcare or privatised and "purchased" services. Nationally and globally the influence of industries and corporations in health governance has weakened the response against NCDs. PHC initiatives for NCDs must be publicly funded and provided, located within communities, and necessitate action on the determinants of health. The experiences from Australia (a high-income country) and India (a low-and middle-income country) amply illustrate this.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Asmara, Eritrea: Preliminary Report
Authors: Tecle Asmerom Seyoum , Talha Albadawi Abdelbagi , Mohamedahmed Khalid Abdelsamea , Abakar Adam Dawoud
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The majority of human infections with Toxoplasma gondii produce no symptoms, but in congenitally infected children can cause devastating effects including blindness, brain damage, or miscarriage. Transmission to the fetus occurs predominantly in women who acquire their primary infection during gestation. The study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in different areas of Asmara, Eritrea, and to identify possible risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending the ANC centers. Methods: In this cross-sectional laboratory-based study, the data were collected from 210 pregnant women in four health facilities. Voluntary sampling technique and a structured questionnaire were used to collect the associated data and socio-demographic information. Cobas e411 Analyzer was used to test the blood serum for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Epi-Info version 7.0 was used for data entry and SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the 210 samples, 112 (53.6%) samples were seropositive and 97 (46.4%) samples were seronegative for T. gondii specific IgG antibody. Furthermore, 2.9% (6) of the samples were seropositive and 97.1% (203) of the samples were seronegative for T. gondii-specific IgM antibodies. Conclusion: The seroprevalence was considerably high, 53.6% for IgG antibody and 2.9% for IgM antibody, which require attention in order to implement preventive control measures, screening tests, and health education.
Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults
Authors: Ahad Abdul , Bey Afshan , Khan Saif , Ahmad Mohammad Sami
Published: September 2021

Background. Tobacco smoke is an established risk factor for periodontitis. However, few studies have evaluated the periodontal status of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, while that of individuals with dual habits has largely been unexplored. Therefore, the current study aimed to find if the periodontal status in individuals with dual habits of smoking and SLT use is different from those with any single habit.Methods. Four groups (A: exclusive smokers, B: exclusive tobacco chewers, C: individuals with dual habits, and D: non-users of tobacco), each comprising 75 males in the age group of 20 to 35 years, were selected. Along with the history of tobacco use, a modified oral hygiene index (OHI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and the number of teeth with gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The data were assessed using the Chi-squared test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results. Group C exhibited the highest mean OHI scores, with 94.66% of participants having poor oral hygiene (OHI>3.0). The prevalence of severe gingivitis (GI>2.0) was significantly lower among exclusive smokers (group A) and those with dual habits (group C) compared to the other two groups. As much as 60% of group C participants had average PD in the range of 4-6 mm, while deeper average PD (>6 mm) was most common among smokers. The highest risk of having a tooth with GR was also associated with the dual habit (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 3.24 - 5.76) compared with the non-users.Conclusion. While both forms of tobacco were associated with poor periodontal status, the additive effect of smoking and SLT use was evident in almost all the parameters, more so with poor oral hygiene and the prevalence of gingival recession. These findings emphasize that individuals with dual habits have an additional risk for periodontal destruction.
Self-Care and Its Predictive Factors in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Izadi Avanji Fatemeh Sadat , Masoudi Alavi Negin , Akbari Hosein , Saroladan Somayeh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a serious problem and patients need active self-care. This study focuses on the relationship between self-care and its predictive factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This multicenter correlational study was conducted on 201 HD patients referring to HD centers in the west of Tehran, Iran. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the samples. Data were collected using self-care Scale, Paloutzian-Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Connor Davidson Resilience Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 13 and descriptive statistics and linear regression with stepwise method. Results: The mean (SD) scores of self-care, resilience, and spiritual well-being were 35.5 (5.69), 53.4 (12.94), and 97.4 (17.9), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that self-care had a statistically significant relationship with gender, occupation, education, being diabetic, and hyperlipidemia. Self-care positively correlated with the resilience and negatively correlated with age. Multivariate regression indicated that the resilience (β=0.78, P=0.001), being diabetic (β=-0.09, P=0.01), and age (β=-0.11, P=0.005) could be predictors of self-care. These variables accounted for 78% of variance in self-care in HD patients. Conclusion: Our results showed that resilience was positively correlated with self–care, but being diabetic and age were negatively correlated with self-care in HD patients. Therefore, the health care providers should pay more attention to HD patients who are diabetic and older, as they are at a higher risk of having impaired self-care.
Posterior mediastinal arteriovenous malformation: A rare catch
Authors: Kohli Pavneet , Penumadu Prasanth , Ray Sagnik , Ganesh Rajesh Nachiappa
Published: September 2021

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a very rare differential diagnosis of a posterior Mediastinum mass. We report a patient with an AVM mimicking a mediastinal tumour and describe the radiological, pathological findings and the treatment options.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on apolipoprotein A1 and B100 levels in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Radkhah Nima , Shabbidar Sakineh , Zarezadeh Meysam , Safaeiyan Abdolrasoul , Barzegar Ali
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death around the world. According to the studies, apolipoproteins A1 and B100 play crucial role in CVD development and progression. Also, findings have indicated the positive role of vitamin D on these factors. Thus, we conducted the present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to demonstrate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on apolipoproteins A1 and B100 levels in adults. PubMed and Scopus databases and Google Scholar were searched up to 21 December 2020. Relevant articles were screened, extracted, and assessed for quality based on the Cochrane collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Data analysis conducted by random-effect model and expressed by standardized mean difference (SMD). The heterogeneity between studies was assessed by I-squared (I2) test. Subgroups and sensitivity Analyses were also conducted. Seven RCTs were identified investigating the impact of vitamin D on Apo A1 levels and six on Apo B100 levels. The findings showed the insignificant effect of vitamin D supplementation on Apo A1 (SMD=0.26 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.10, 0.61; P= 0.155) and Apo B100 (standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.06 mg/dL; 95% CI, −0.24, 0.12; P=0.530) in adults. There was a significant between-study heterogeneity in Apo A1 (I2=89.3%, P<0.001) and Apo B100 (I2=57.1%, P=0.030). However, significant increase in Apo A1 in daily dosage of vitamin D (SMD=0.56 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.02, 1.11; P=0.044) and ≤12 weeks of supplementation duration (SMD=0.71 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.08, 1.34; P=0.028) was observed. No significant effects of vitamin D on Apo A1 and Apo B100 levels after subgroup analysis by mean age, gender, study population, dosage and duration of study. Overall, daily vitamin D supplementation and ≤12 weeks of supplementation might have beneficial effects in increasing Apo A1 levels, however, future high-quality trials considering these a primary outcome are required.
Reoperation for bleeding in an elective cardiac surgical population - Does it affect survival?
Authors: Qazi Saddiq Mohammad , Kandler Kristian , Olsen Peter Skov
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Earlier studies have shown that re-operation for bleeding after cardiac surgery is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in both acute and elective patients. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of re-operation for bleeding on short- and long-term survival and the causes of re-operation on an exclusively elective population. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study conducted at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Copenhagen University Hospital. Rigshospitalet, Denmark. We included all elective patients undergoing first-time coronary bypass, valve surgery or combinations hereof between January 1998 and February 2014. Data was obtained from the electronic patient records on demographics, cardiological risk profile, blood transfusion and surgical record. Results: A total of 11813 patients were included in the analysis of whom 626 (5.3%) patients underwent re-operation for bleeding. Patients were divided into two groups; non re-operated (NRO) and re-operated(RO). Baseline characteristics were comparable. Median survival was lover in the RO group (142 vs 160months (P = 0.001)). Morbidity and 30 day mortality was significantly higher in the RO group. Cox-regression analysis showed a significantly increased age-adjusted risk of death in the RO group (HR 1.21(1.07-1.37). P = 0.003). In 85% of the patients the site of bleeding was found during the re-operation. Conclusion: We found both short and long-term survival to be lower in the RO group. A surgical cause for re-operation was found in the majority of cases. The study shows the importance of meticulous hemostasis during cardiac surgery.
Autophagy stimulation delayed biological aging and decreased cardiac differentiation in rabbit mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hassanpour Mehdi , Cheraghi Omid , Rahbarghazi Reza , Nouri Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a type of disease that affects the function of cardiac-vascular tissues. This study aimed to consider the possible effects of autophagy, as an intrinsic catabolic pathway of cells, on the differentiation and aging process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods: In this study, bone marrow-derived MSCs were obtained from rabbit bone marrow aspirates. The stemness feature was confirmed by using flow cytometry analysis Cells at passage three were treated with 50 μM Metformin and 15μM hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for 72 hours. The intracellular accumulation of autophagolysosomes was imaged using LysoTracker staining. Protein levels of autophagy (LC3II/I ratio), aging (Klotho, PARP-1, and Sirt-1) effectors, and cardiomyocyte-like phenotype (α-actinin) were studied by western blotting. Results: Based on our findings, flow cytometry analysis showed that the obtained cells expressed CD44 and CD133 strongly, and CD31 and CD34 dimly, showing a typical characteristic of MSCs. Our data confirmed an increased LC3II/I ratio in the metformin-received group compared to the untreated and HCQ-treated cells (P < 0.05). Besides, we showed that the incubation of rabbit MSCs with HCQ increased cellular aging by induction of PARP-1 while Metformin increased rejuvenating factor Sirt-1 comparing with the normal group (P < 0.05). Western blotting data showed that the autophagy stimulation response in rabbit MSCs postponed the biological aging and decreased the differentiation potential to the cardiac cells by diminishing α-actinin comparing with control cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, for the informants in this study, it could be noted that autophagy inhibition/stimulation could alter rabbit MSCs aging and differentiation capacity.
In vitro evaluation of selligueain A effects on the proinﬂammatory mediators production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages
Authors: Suwandi Deden Winda , Rostnawati Tina , Muchtaridi Muchtaridi , Subarnas Anas
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Selligueain A derived from the roots of Polypodium feei was shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, which was tested in vivo on the rats’ paw edema induced by carrageenan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of selligueain A in vitro against the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Methods: In this study, RAW264.7 cells were used as an inflammatory cell model, and observations were made on the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The NO concentration was measured by the Griess reaction, and the iNOS enzyme and the TNF-α concentrations were determined by the ELISA method. Cell viability was assessed by the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] (MTS) test. Results: Selligueain A at concentrations of 100 and 150 µM suppressed the production of NO, iNOS, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentration of 150 µM showed the highest inhibition of NO, iNOS, and TNF-α mediators with the percentage inhibition of 64.85, 55.01, and 48.54%, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that selligueain A has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NO, iNOS, and TNF-α production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
Kishk Sa′eedi as a potential functional food for management of metabolic syndrome: A study of the possible interaction with pomegranate seed oil and/ or gum Arabic
Authors: Al-Okbi Sahar Youssef , Abd El Ghani Salem , Elbakry Hagar , Mabrok Hoda , Nasr Soad , Desouky Hassan , Mahmoud Khaled
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In the present research, the health benefits of the traditional Egyptian food called Kishk Sa′eedi (KS) and KS mixed with gum Arabic (GA) or with a mixture of GA and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) were studied in a rat model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by feeding high fructose high hydrogenated fat diet (HFFD). Methods: Rats were divided into a normal control group (NC) fed on a balanced diet (Diet 1), a MS control (MSC) receiving HFFD (Diet 2), and three test groups feeding on HFFD containing KS (Diet 3), KS with GA (Diet 4), and KS with GA and PSO (Diet 5), respectively for five weeks. Biochemical and histopathological changes were assessed. Results: Significant increase in blood glucose, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), dyslipidemia and reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) were demonstrated in MSC compared to NC (P < 0.05). Significant elevation in liver fat, MDA and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with significant down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α) were noticed in MSC compared to NC (P < 0.05). The three test diets improved plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid, MDA, liver PPAR-α and IL-6 expression (P < 0.05) compared to MSC without affecting liver lipids. Blood glucose, plasma dyslipidemia, AST, creatinine and urea were improved by diet 3 and diet 5 (P < 0.05). Diet 3 elevated GSH and reduced ALT and MDA (P < 0.05). Histopathological changes induced by HFFD in both liver and kidney showed variable improvement by feeding the tested diets. Conclusion: The tested diets significantly improved MS rat model with superiority to diet 3.
Establishment of long-term high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced experimental type-2 diabetes mellitus model of insulin resistance and evaluation of seed extracts of Syzygium cumini
Authors: Nadig Pratibha , Asanaliyar Meharban , Salis Kevin Manohar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The principal mechanism responsible for reducing blood glucose is through insulin-stimulated glucose transport into skeletal muscle. The transporter protein that mediates this uptake is GLUT-4. A defect in this step is associated with reduced glucose utilization in muscle and adipose tissue, as observed in insulin-resistant type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to develop an experimental T2DM model and evaluate altered glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) levels as a biomarker of insulin resistance. Antidiabetic activities of Syzygium cumini hydro-ethanolic seed extracts (SCE) were also evaluated. Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and dosed intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). After treatment for 21 days, all investigations were done. The homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) was used for the calculation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) index. Diaphragm muscle and retroperitoneal fat were collected for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies. Results: A significant increase in fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and serum lipids, and a decrease in serum insulin and HOMA-B were observed in the diabetic group, effects that reversed following pioglitazone and SCE treatment. The diabetic group showed a downregulation of GLUT-4 expression in skeletal muscle while an increase was observed in adipose tissue. Conclusion: A high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced experimental T2DM model of insulin resistance was developed to screen novel insulin sensitizers. Data generated demonstrated that altered GLUT-4 levels could be used as a biomarker of insulin resistance. Antidiabetic activity of S. cumini hydro-ethanolic seed extract was also confirmed in this study.
Spasmolytic effect of Lonicera japonica extracts on isolated uterus smooth muscle contractions
Authors: Sadraei Hassan , Khakboo Mona , Asghari Gholamreza
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) is an ornamental flowering plant with numerous traditional medicinal uses. It has been claimed to have anti-spasmodic activities, but only limited studies have been done to support this. The objective of this research was to investigate anti-spasmodic effect of L. japonica flower extract on uterus contractions. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract was prepared using the maceration technique. In addition, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were prepared using a solvent in solvent fractionation technique. Essential oils were collected using the hydro-distillation technique. Rat isolated uterus was suspended in an organ bath and contracted with oxytocin, acetylcholine (ACh), KCl, or application of electrical field stimulation (EFS). The relaxant effects of the extract, its fractions, and nifedipine were examined on uterine contrition induced by the above-mentioned stimuli. Results: Nifedipine in a concentration-dependent manner inhibited uterine contraction induced by oxytocin, KCl, ACh, and EFS. L. japonica flower extract also exhibited an inhibitory effect on the isolated rat uterus. Comparison of the hydroalcoholic extract with its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed that the chloroform fraction was the most potent and the ethyl acetate the weakest part of the plant with antispasmodic activity. The relaxant effect of essential oil had close similarities to that of chloroform extract. Conclusion: Lipophilic compounds isolated by the chloroform partition of crude hydroalcoholic extract of L. japonica flower exhibited the most antispasmodic activity. Ethyl acetate partition of the same extract exhibited the least activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the spasmolytic constituents of L. japonica flower reside in chloroform partitioning. The nonpolar essential oils may also have a contribution.
Effectiveness of an 810-nm Diode Laser in Addition to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Mokhtari Majid Reza , Ahrari Farzaneh , Dokouhaki Shokoufeh , Fallahrastegar Amir , Ghasemzadeh Alireza
Published: September 2021

Introduction: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an 810-nm diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in improving periodontal parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: This randomized clinical trial consisted of 36 patients (16 females and 20 males) with chronic periodontitis and pocket depths of 4-6 mm. The quadrants were randomly divided into two sides; one side of each patient was selected as the laser group (SRP + laser) and the other side served as the control group (SRP alone). An 810-nm diode laser was applied in the laser side to remove the outer gingival epithelium (1.5 W, CW) as well as the inner epithelium of the periodontal pockets (1 W, CW). The clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 6 and 18 weeks after therapy. Results: In both groups, there was a significant improvement in BOP, PD, PI and CAL over the course of the experiment (P<0.001). Significantly lower BOP was found in the SRP + laser group than the SRP alone group after 6 and 18 weeks of intervention (P<0.05). The difference in other parameters was not significant between the two groups, neither at 6 nor at 18 weeks after the treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the association of the diode laser with standard non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP) provided minimal additional benefits for patients with moderate chronic periodontitis.
Simultaneous Treatment of Photobiomodulation and Demineralized Bone Matrix With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve Bone Healing in an osteoporotic bone defect
Authors: Gazor Rouhallah , Asgari Mehrdad , Abdollajhifar Mohammad-Amin , Kiani Pejman , Zare Fatemeh , Fadaei Fathabady Fatemeh , Norouzian Mohsen , Amini Abdollah , Khosravipour Armin , Atashgah Rahimeh B. , Kazemi Mahsa , Chien Sufan , Bayat Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The ability of simultaneous treatment of critical-sized femoral defects (CSFDs) with photobiomodulation (PBM) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) with or without seeded adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to induce bone reconstruction in ovariectomized induced osteoporotic (OVX) rats was investigated. Methods: The OVX rats with CSFD were arbitrarily separated into 6 groups: control, scaffold (S, DBM), S + PBM, S + alendronate (ALN), S + ASCs, and S + PBM + ASCs. Each group was assessed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and histological examinations. Results: In the fourth week, CBCT and histological analyses revealed that the largest volume of new bone formed in the S + PBM and S + PBM + ASC groups. The S + PBM treatment relative to the S and S + ALN treatments remarkably reduced the CSFD (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.009 and P = 0.01). Furthermore, S + PBM + ASCs treatment compared to the S and S + ALN treatments significantly decreased CSFD (Mann Whitney test, P = 0.01). In the eighth week, CBCT analysis showed that extremely enhanced bone regeneration occurred in the CSFD of the S + PBM group. Moreover, the CSFD in the S + PBM group was substantially smaller than S, S + ALN and S + ASCs groups (Mann Whitney test, P = 0.01, P = 0.02 and P = 0.009). Histological observations showed more new bone formation in the treated CSFD of S + PBM + ASCs and S + PBM groups. Conclusion: The PBM plus DBM with or without ASCs significantly enhanced bone healing in the CSFD in OVX rats compared to control, DBM alone, and ALN plus DBM groups. The PBM plus DBM with or without ASCs significantly decreased the CSFD area compared to either the solo DBM or ALN plus DBM treatments.
Intravenous Laser Therapy in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghanei Esmat , Razzaghi Mohammad Reza , Malekian Sheida , Mazloomfard Mohammad Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Although intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) is deemed an innocuous and useful technique for laser therapy, particularly when systemic effects are required, no study, to our knowledge, has been conducted on the effectiveness and innocuousness of ILIB in treating acute kidney injury (AKI). Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and outcomes of ILIB in the management of patients with AKI and comparing them with the Sham-laser group. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with intra-renal AKI (24-95 years old) at Tajrish Hospitals were evaluated for enrollment eligibility in this clinical trial study. This study was conducted at the nephrology department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, between 2018 and 2019. Based on the treatment method, the patients’ assignment to two groups (ILIB or Sham-laser) was randomly done. Demographic characteristics, need for dialysis, hemoglobin and serum biochemistry changes, serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) changes, laser complications, and the hospitalization period were recorded. Results: In terms of the baseline characteristics and biochemistry serum level, no differences were seen between the two groups. All post-treatment parameters, except the hemoglobin value, significantly improved in both groups. Urine NGAL and serum NGAL show declines from the baseline in both groups; however, the reduction slope of these parameters occurred faster in the laser group in a statistically significant manner. Conclusion: A decline in NGAL levels in the laser group during the treatment may suggest that the ILIB can help patients with AKI recover better.
A Systematic Review of Elective Laser Therapy during Pregnancy
Authors: Allameh Farzad , Javadi Atefeh , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Naeeji Zahra , Moridi Atefeh , Tadayon Niki , Alahyari Sam
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Currently, lasers are used to treat many diseases and their complications. However, the use of lasers in pregnant patients is still controversial. Methods: In this review, the application of lasers in the fields of urology, surgery, obstetrics, dermatology, and musculoskeletal disorders is evaluated. The following keywords were used to search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus: pregnancy, laser, urolithiasis, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) or treatment, leg edema, varicose vein, venous insufficiencies, hair removal, pigmentation, telangiectasia, vascular lesions, Q switch laser, diode laser, holmium, holmium-YAG laser, erbium laser and Pulsed dye laser, low-level laser therapy, high-intensity laser therapy, pain, musculoskeletal disorders, twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), amnioreduction, and safety. Results: Totally, 147 articles were found, and their abstracts were evaluated; out of 53 articles extracted, 14 articles were about dermatology, 24 articles were about urology, 12 articles were about obstetrics and gynecology, 10 articles were about musculoskeletal disorders and three articles were related to surgery. Conclusion: Laser therapy can be used as a safe treatment for urolithiasis, skin diseases, TTTS and varicose veins of the lower extremities. However, the use of laser therapy for musculoskeletal disorders during pregnancy is not recommended due to lack of evidence, and also we cannot recommend endovenous ablation.
A comparative investigation between ProTaper Next, Hyflex CM, 2Shape, and TF-Adaptive file systems concerning cyclic fatigue resistance
Authors: Koçak Sibel , Şahin Faruk Furkan , Özdemir Olcay , Koçak Mustafa Murat , Sağlam Baran Can
Published: September 2021

Background. This study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Next, Hyflex CM, 2Shape, and TF-Adaptive nickel-titanium endodontic file systems with various alloy properties and production methods and investigate the fractured cross-sectional surface of files due to cyclic fatigue by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods. A total of 120 instruments were used (n=30). For standardization, #25/.06 apical diameter and taper angle were selected for each file system. The experiment of files was subjected to a static cyclic fatigue model. The time for files’ failure was recorded with a digital chronometer and multiplied by the rotation speed to calculate the number of cycles. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni analysis were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. The number of cycles for the failure of files was compared between the groups, and significant differences were found (P<0.05). The number of cycles for instrument failure was recorded from the highest to the lowest as follows: Hyflex CM, TF-Adaptive, ProTaper Next, and 2Shape. Conclusion. The files were fractured at different average numbers of cycles in an artificial canal in all the groups. The Hyflex CM demonstrated better cyclic fatigue resistance than TF Adaptive, ProTaper Next, and 2Shape file systems. Factors such as production patterns, alloy properties, and the phase in which the files were produced might affect the lifespan of file systems.
Diagnostic value of serum IgG by Eliza to detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Original Article
Authors: Haghdoost Mehdi , Alizadeh Nazmi Parisa , Owaysee Osquee Hamid
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In developing countries, which is an endemic region in terms of tuberculosis, there is an urgent need for fast, accurate, and inexpensive serological testing. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of patient serum IgG antibodies by ELISA in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Method: This case-control study was performed on patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in 2017-2020. After selecting the case (n = 30) and control (n = 30) subjects according to inclusion criteria, their blood samples were obtained and analyzed in the reference laboratory by standard kits for immunoglobulin G against 16, 36, and 40 kDa antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 47.07 (15.57%). The majority of participants were 46 (51.1%) women. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sex and age. serological examination of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showed 25 positive results and only 4 of the control group had a positive result. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of serology test were 83.3%, 86.67%, 86.20% and 87.88% respectively. Conclusion: Despite the acceptable sensitivity of the serologic immunoglobulin G test, according to the statement of World health organization (WHO), it did not possess an acceptable specificity. It is recommended that a a wider range of different antigens to be studied also it is essential to evaluate the diagnostic value of the other immunoglobulins inpatient in different stages of the disease.
Leishmania major cause of a cutaneous leishmaniasis in a car driver from east Azerbaijan province: A case report
Authors: parsaei Mahdi , Ganji Shalaleh , Khanmohammadi Majid
Published: September 2021

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease and its the known as a health problem in all of the world. Case presentation: The patient, a 47-year-old man car driver from city of Bostan abad, with a history of traveling to cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic provinces last year, was referred to city health center with a 17 mm, no discharge and pus with necrotic appearance skin lesion. Biochemical, hematological parameters and urine culture and analysis were normal. Three smears was prepared with sterile vaccinostyle from the margins of wound and transferred to specific medium in sterile conditions. After staining the prepared smears from the wound, amastigotes with large nucleus and small kinetoplast in macrophages and active promastigotes in the liquid phase of medium were observed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using ITS-1 by specific primers. In the PCR product electrophoresis were compared with the marker bands and 350 bp band weight determined. With electrophoretic pattern and comparison with positive control band, isolates parasites belonged to Leishmania genus. In order to definitively diagnose the parasite species, sequencing method was used. The results showed 99% homology with Leishmania major. Finally, the patient with a diagnosis of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis was induction with Glucantime drug. Conclusion: Diagnosis of suspected cases with cutaneous leishmaniasis is the major importance. If an infected patient is diagnosed in the early stages of the disease, can be prevented the extent of the scar after recovery, as well as the possible complications of rural infection.
Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of 7-Chloro-4-(Piperazin-1-yl) Quinoline Derivative Mediated by Suppression of InflammatoryMediators Expression in Both RAW 264.7 and Mouse Models
Authors: Aboutabl Mona Elsayed , Hamed Ahmed Ragab , Hamissa Mohamed Farouk , Ahmed Emad Khairy
Published: September 2021

Background: 4-Aminoquinoline derivatives possess various potential biological properties.The introduction of additional piperazine heterocyclic pharmacophoric moiety tends to haveprofound impact in increasing the activity. The present work was undertaken to investigate thein-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity as well as the peripheral and central analgesicactivities of compound 1-(4-(7-chloroquinoline-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanone (5) in experimental models. Methods: The percentage inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide induced NO release of 7-chloro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline derivatives 1-9 was determined in RAW 264.7 murine macrophagemodel. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of compound 5 on proteinexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Gene expression of inflammatory markerswas evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The peripheral and central analgesicactivities of compound 5 were evaluated in mice using writhing and hot-plate tests, respectively.Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in miceand serum NO and COX-2 levels were measured. Results: Compound 5 demonstrated the highest NO inhibitory activity that was accompaniedby inhibition of iNOS protein expression and decreased gene expression levels of inflammatorymarkers. It revealed a potential peripheral analgesic effect through inhibition of abdominalwrithing in mice treated with doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg and its effect was comparable to diclofenacsodium. Compound 5 possessed an analgesic activity starting from 15 min post administrationand reached its peak at 45 min which was significantly higher than that of tramadol hydrochloridesuggesting its potential as central analgesic agent. It also showed percentage of inhibition ofedema of 34, 50 and 64% at 1, 2, and 3 h respectively, post carrageenan challenge together with asignificant decrease in serum NO and COX-2 levels. Conclusion: The remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of compound 5 couldbe attributed to the advantageous introduction of the heterocyclic 7-chloro-4-(piperazin1-yl)quinoline scaffold incorporated with N-phenylpiperzine functional groups linked together withthe ethanone pharmacophoric chain.
The combination of berberine and methotrexate enhances anti-cancer effects in HeLa cancer cell line: A morphological study
Authors: Majidzadeh Hossein , Araj-Khodaei Mostafa , Ghaffari Maryam , Jafari Amir , Shanehbandi Dariush , Torbati Mohammadali , Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi Jafar
Published: September 2021

Background: Co-administration of two or several either chemotherapeutic agents or conventional drugs as a combination treatment is the most effective method to increase therapeutic efficiency. Additive or synergistic influence are two mechanisms by which combination therapy causes a rise in optimal cancer therapy compared to a single treatment. Methods: Colorimetric assay was carried out to estimate the cytotoxicity of the combined system, followed by apoptosis assay to calculate the number of apoptotic cells. Both 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and DNA ladder were complemented tests to illuminate morphological changes and DNA fracturing on HeLa cancer cells. Statistical: Through Graph pad Prism 6.0 software. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: In this study revealed that the combination of MTX and BER could inhibit the growth of HeLa cancer cells noticeably. Nevertheless, single BER and MTX were not as effective as a combined system to reduce cell viability at the same dose. Regarding the apoptosis induction and change in morphology of cancer cells’ nucleus, co-treatment of BER and MTX was more effective. The result was complemented with flow cytometry, DAPI staining and DNA ladder, which showed that BER+MTX depicted more anti-cancer effects. Conclusion: The combination therapy of HeLa cancer cells with BER and MTX showed high inhibition effect compared to other treated groups.