bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING METALLIC ARTIFACT OF COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED SURGICAL IMPLANTS AND FOREIGN MATERIAL
Authors: Sutherland‐Smith James , Tilley Brenda
Published: January 2012

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts secondary to metallic implants and foreign bodies are well described. Herein, we provide quantitative data from veterinary implants including total hip arthroplasty implants, cranial cruciate repair implants, surgical screws, a skin staple, ligation clips, an identification microchip, ameroid constrictor, and potential foreign bodies including air gun and BB projectiles and a sewing needle. The objects were scanned in a gelatin phantom with plastic grid using standardized T2‐weighted turbo‐spin echo (TSE), T1‐weighted spin echo, and T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo (GRE) image acquisitions at 1.5 T. Maximum linear dimensions and areas of signal voiding and grid distortion were calculated using a DICOM workstation for each sequence and object. Artifact severity was similar between the T2‐weighted TSE and T1‐weighted images, while the T2*‐weighted images were most susceptible to artifact. Metal type influenced artifact size with the largest artifacts arising from steel objects followed by surgical stainless steel, titanium, and lead. For animals with metallic surgical implants or foreign bodies, the quantification of the artifact size will help guide clinicians on the viability of MRI.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FELINE CARDIA AND PYLORUS IN 34 HEALTHY CATS AND THREE ABNORMAL CATS
Authors: Couturier Laurent , Rault Delphine , Gatel Laure , Belli Patrick
Published: January 2012

A prospective study was performed in 34 fasted healthy cats to describe the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the cardia and pylorus. Measurements were obtained for the caudal esophageal wall thickness (Ew), cardia wall thickness (Cw), pyloric wall thickness (Pw), thickness of the pyloric muscularis (Mp), length of the thicker part of the proximal duodenal submucosa (Dl). Among the 34 cats, 24 were examined using a linear transducer, and 10 with a microconvex transducer.Ew andCw could be measured in 70% of the cats when a linear transducer was used, in 100% of the cats when a microconvex probe was used,Pw andMp could be measured in 100% of the cats whatever probe was used. The submucosa of the most proximal part of the duodenum was thicker in half of the cats in longitudinal section. The muscularis layer of the pylorus was triangular in longitudinal section and thicker than the muscularis of the proximal duodenum. The mean forEw,Cw,Pw,Mp, andDI was 4.9 mm (SD= 1.1), 5 mm (SD= 0.6), 4.4 mm (SD= 0.6), 2.5 mm (SD= 0.5), and 4.7 mm (SD= 2.38), respectively. Three cats with abnormalities of the cardia and pylorus are also described to illustrate clinical implications.
Exploring the quality of life after denture‐wearing within elders in Kaohsiung
Authors: Lee I‐Chen , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Ho Pei‐Shan , Lee I‐Ching
Published: January 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00614.x
 
Exploring the quality of life after denture‐wearing within elders in Kaohsiung

Objective:  The objective of the research is to investigate whether the elderly people’s quality of life get improved after denture wearing.

Material and methods:  About 1600 elderly persons, over 65 years old, were sampled as the research target. The overall response rate was 71.62%. The tool of research is a structural questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) that was used to measure the oral health–related quality of life. Individual’s satisfaction of denture wearing divides into three groups: edentulous individuals who are satisfied with denture wearing, edentulous individuals who are not satisfied with denture wearing and dentulous individuals.

Results:  The result shows the eight variables, which are oral health condition, frequency of snacks‐eating, age, frequency in participation in social activities, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), vision, satisfaction with life and physical functions, have significant influence on total OHIP score.

Conclusions:  Although being edentulous, if the elderly are satisfied with their denture, the quality of life can be maintained and not affected by oral health problems. It is suggested that the further researches can include more relevant factors when in a discussion on the oral health–related quality of life, especially, the subjective perception of individual’s feeling.
What have the networks ever done for us? A paediatric view
Authors: Fenton Alan C
Published: January 2012

Key content

Managed clinical networks for neonatal care allow concentration of resources and expertise into specialist units and facilitate collaborative research and audit.

Effective communication between senior clinical staff and efficient perinatal transfer services are key to their success.

Further development of this model is likely to be required as funding and staffing issues influence the number of sites where high‐risk perinatal care can be undertaken.

Perinatal care would be improved by developing the interface between neonatal and maternity networks.

Learning objectives

To learn about the reasons for developing neonatal clinical networks.

To be aware of international, as well as UK, networks.

Ethical issues

How far can the costs of neonatal intensive care be justified at a time when the National Health Service faces financial difficulties?

Can the use of clinical networks ensure that care is fairly distributed throughout the UK?
What have maternity networks ever done for us?
Authors: Jenkinson Simon
Published: January 2012

Key content

Maternity networks are the key to the future of successful maternity services.

Funding issues are putting their future at risk.

Learning objectives

To be aware of the range of maternity networks that exist/have existed.

To be aware of the outputs of maternity networks.

To recognise the potential of maternity networks and their importance to the future of maternity services.

Ethical issues

How can we ensure that maternity services meet the demands of women and families?
Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis: management and prevention
Authors: Palaniappan Nithiya , Menezes Maria , Willson Penny
Published: January 2012

Key content

Group A streptococcus is a life‐threatening cause of puerperal sepsis.

Enhanced surveillance by the Health Protection Agency (UK) has shown a recent resurgence of this potentially fatal pathogen.

Sources of infection are often not identifiable.

Learning objectives

To understand the incidence, diagnosis and complications of group A streptococcal infection in the puerperium.

To identify features that distinguish this condition from the more common and usually more benign pathogens.

To learn about the choice of antibiotics used for the infection.

To learn about the prevention and management of the infection in the hospital environment.

Ethical issues

Do we need to treat household contacts?
An electronic training‐the‐trainers programme: developing resources for training in educational supervision in obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Gupta Pratima , Thangaratinam Shakila , Shehmar Manjeet , Gee Harry , Karri Kamakshi , Bondili Anu , Khan Khalid S
Published: January 2012

Key content

There is a need for an accessible guide for tutors and supervisors involved in training and assessment so that they can keep themselves updated with current educational initiatives.

E‐learning courses on postgraduate educational supervision can be employed for continuing professional development.

Learning objectives

To be introduced to the advantages and pitfalls of e‐learning.

To be aware of the steps required to set up an e‐learning programme.

To have a basic understanding of the content of a successful e‐learning programme for training trainers.

Ethical issues

All trainers need to find accessible and efficient ways of keeping updated with the skills they need to supervise, assess and appraise trainees.

Training support should be made readily available via e‐material so that it is not dependent on timetables and venues.
The management of sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy
Authors: Allstaff Sarah , Wilson Janet
Published: January 2012

Key content

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased in the past decade in the UK in all age groups.

Any woman with one STI is at higher risk for another and comprehensive STI testing should be recommended, including repeat HIV testing.

Women under 25 years should be referred for chlamydia screening.

In pregnancy, STIs should be managed in conjunction with genitourinary medicine colleagues.

Pregnant women with STIs should receive public health interventions, including partner notification and advice on sexual abstinence during treatment and on safer sex.

Learning objectives

To be able to describe the epidemiology of STIs.

To be able to list the indications for screening and testing.

To know about the evidence supporting treatment of STIs in pregnancy.

Ethical issues

Should screening for chlamydia in pregnant women aged less than 25 years be part of routine antenatal screening rather than through a different screening programme?

How can research on the pharmaceutical treatment of STIs in pregnancy be conducted safely?

Should child protection measures be taken for neonates born to mothers at high risk for HIV infection, (e.g. from an area of high prevalence or who are found to have an STI such as syphilis in pregnancy) whose mothers decline HIV screening in pregnancy?
Organizational Structure, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Trait Preference in Transportation Brokerage Firms
Authors: Ashenbaum Bryan , Salzarulo Peter A. , Newman W. Rocky
Published: January 2012

This article presents the results of an inductive, multiple‐case study of the transportation brokerage industry. Insights from the organizational behavior and entrepreneurship literature help to sharpen understanding of how organizational structure and entrepreneurial culture relate to firm‐level trait preferences in personnel hiring and promotion decisions. Using an inductive, theory‐building approach, a typology of four different organizational structures within the transportation brokerage space is proposed. Working propositions are presented that relate organizational structure, entrepreneurial orientation, the differential prioritization of proactive personality and self‐management at various stages of career progression, and perceptions of firm performance vis‐á‐vis competitors. Contributions to theory and practice, and the broader implications for supply chain intermediaries are discussed.
Women’s Agency in Gender‐Traditional Religions: A Review of Four Approaches
Authors: Burke Kelsy C.
Published: January 2012

The concept of agency is useful for feminist research on women in gender‐traditional religions. By focusing on religious women’s agency, scholars understand these women as actors, rather than simply acted upon by male‐dominated social institutions. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of feminist scholarship on the agency of women who participate in gender‐traditional religions by bringing into dialog four approaches to understanding agency. The resistance agency approach focuses on women who attempt to challenge or change some aspect of their religion. The empowerment agency approach focuses on how women reinterpret religious doctrine or practices in ways that make them feel empowered in their everyday life. The instrumental approach focuses on the non‐religious positive outcomes of religious practice, and a compliant approach focuses on the multiple and diverse ways in which women conform to gender‐traditional religious teaching. This article concludes by discussing the future direction of scholarship.
The Animal Rights Movement in Theory and Practice: A Review of the Sociological Literature
Authors: Munro Lyle
Published: January 2012

Traditionally, philosophers have had most to say about the ethics of our treatment of non‐human animals (hereafter animals); it is only in recent years that social scientists have engaged with issues concerning humans and other animals. However, in the sociological literature and more generally in the emerging field of Human–Animal Studies (HAS), evidence of interest in the animal protection movement is slight. This review of Eliasian theory, Marxist realism, feminism, ecofeminism, and social constructionist theory – along with key activist approaches to animal activism and advocacy – indicates the theoretical richness of the topic that is nonetheless empirically poor. The animal protection movement is referred to here simply as the animal movement or where appropriate, as one of its three strands – animal welfare, animal liberation and animal rights. The article concludes with a discussion of how social movement theory (the ‘why’) and practice (the ‘how’) might be enhanced by social movement scholars working in collaboration with animal activists.
Social Movement Scenes: Place‐Based Politics and Everyday Resistance
Authors: Creasap Kimberly
Published: January 2012

Sociologists Darcy Leach and Sebastian Haunss coined the term “social movement scene” to refer to people “who share a common identity and a common set of subcultural or countercultural beliefs, values, norms” and the network of physical places they frequent. Leach and Haunss explain the numerous ways in which scenes can benefit social movements (e.g. as pools of mobilization or as places for cultural experimentation) and that scenes are places where resistance happens. I propose that thinking of a scene as a process is more useful than thinking of it as a stable context where political activity happens. Scenes are the products of urban protests, such as squatting; rituals, such as protest and music; and the activities of everyday life. Drawing on research from sociologists, geographers, historians, and cultural studies scholars, I discuss social movement scenes on both the political left and right in terms of their spatial, symbolic, and relational dimensions.
Embodied Heterosexual Masculinities, Part 2: Foregrounding Men’s Health and Emotions
Authors: Robertson Steve , Monaghan Lee F.
Published: January 2012

This paper extends our previous discussion on embodied heterosexual masculinities, men’s emotional lives and health (Monaghan and Robertson 2012). First, we foreground writings on men’s health within and outside of heterosexual relationships given the interrelations between masculinities and other structures (e.g. the political economy). Second, we critically consider writings on masculinities, male bodies and emotions in a relational context. In conclusion, we underscore the need for future research. Such research would foreground men’s corporeal meanings, practices and relations while also critiquing global neoliberalisation, a pernicious process that impacts everyday lives within and beyond heterosexual configurations of body‐reflexive practice.
Embodied Heterosexual Masculinities, Part 1: Confluent Intimacies, Emotions and Health
Authors: Monaghan Lee F. , Robertson Steve
Published: January 2012

This and an accompanying article (Robertson and Monaghan 2012) constitute a developmental ‘think piece’ on embodied heterosexual masculinities, emotions and health. After highlighting the imbrications of heterosexual intimacy, hegemonic masculinity and health – alongside a note on the relevance and limitations of existing literature – our discussion includes: a critical acknowledgement of (different) feminist scholarship and queer theory; reflections on the ‘pure relationship’ and ‘confluent’ or ‘liquid love’; the ‘individualisation thesis’ and the rise of ‘abstract knowledge’; the separation of love from sex as a possible masculine ruse; corporeality, eroticism and the rationalisation of sex. In conclusion, we underscore the need for more research on embodied masculinities, heterosexualities and emotions.
Evidence that convergence rather than accommodation controls intermittent distance exotropia
Authors: Horwood Anna M. , Riddell Patricia M.
Published: January 2012

Purpose:  This study considered whether vergence drives accommodation or accommodation drives vergence during the control of distance exotropia for near fixation. High accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratios are often used to explain this control, but the role of convergence to drive accommodation (the CA/C relationship) is rarely considered. Atypical CA/C characteristics could equally, or better, explain common clinical findings.

Methods:  Nineteen distance exotropes, aged 4–11 years, were compared while controlling their deviation with 27 non‐exotropic controls aged 5–9 years. Simultaneous vergence and accommodation responses were measured to a range of targets incorporating different combinations of blur, disparity and looming cues at four fixation distances between 2 m and 33 cm. Stimulus and response AC/A and CA/C ratios were calculated.

Results:  Accommodation responses for near targets (p = 0.017) and response gains (p = 0.026) were greater in the exotropes than in the controls. Despite higher clinical stimulus AC/A ratios, the distance exotropes showed lower laboratory response AC/A ratios (p = 0.02), but significantly higher CA/C ratios (p = 0.02). All the exotropes, whether the angle changed most with lenses (‘controlled by accommodation’) or on occlusion (‘controlled by fusion’), used binocular disparity not blur as their main cue to target distance.

Conclusions:  Increased vergence demand to control intermittent distance exotropia for near also drives significantly more accommodation. Minus lens therapy is more likely to act by correcting overaccommodation driven by controlling convergence, rather than by inducing blur‐driven vergence. The use of convergence as a major drive to accommodation explains many clinical characteristics of distance exotropia, including apparently high near stimulus AC/A ratios.
Transplantation of human embryonic stem cells onto a partially wounded human cornea in vitro
Authors: Hanson Charles , Hardarson Thorir , Ellerström Catharina , Nordberg Markus , Caisander Gunilla , Rao Mahendra , Hyllner Johan , Stenevi Ulf
Published: January 2012

Purpose:  The aim of this study was to investigate whether cells originating from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could be successfully transplanted onto a partially wounded human cornea. A second aim was to study the ability of the transplanted cells to differentiate into corneal epithelial‐like cells.

Methods:  Spontaneously, differentiated hESCs were transplanted onto a human corneal button (without limbus) with the epithelial layer partially removed. The cells were cultured on Bowman’s membrane for up to 9 days, and the culture dynamics documented in a time‐lapse system. As the transplanted cells originated from a genetically engineered hESC line, they all expressed green fluorescent protein, which facilitated their identification during the culture experiments, tissue preparation and analysis. To detect any differentiation into human corneal epithelial‐like cells, we analysed the transplanted cells by immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for CK3, CK15 and PAX6.

Results:  The transplanted cells established and expanded on Bowman’s membrane, forming a 1–4 cell layer surrounded by host corneal epithelial cells. Expression of the corneal marker PAX6 appeared 3 days after transplantation, and after 6 days, the cells were expressing both PAX6 and CK3.

Conclusion:  This shows that it is possible to transplant cells originating from hESCs onto Bowman’s membrane with the epithelial layer partially removed and to get these cells to establish, grow and differentiate into corneal epithelial‐like cells in vitro.
A Neuroprotective Mechanism of YGY‐E in Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Rats
Authors: An Yong‐Tong , Zhu Peng , Zhong Yan , Sheng Yu‐Chen , Zhao Zhen , Min Yang , Xia Yu‐Ye
Published: January 2012

SUMMARY  Aims: To investigate the anticerebral ischemic properties of YGY‐E (apigenin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosy l‐4′‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopy‐ranosid, a flavonoid glycoside extracted from plant phoenix‐tail fern), focusing on its effects on neuronal apoptosis. Methods:In vitro YGY‐E treatment was examined in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons subjected to hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H‐R) injury. In addition, in vivo effects of YGY‐E on neuronal apoptosis were measured by Hoechst staining and in situ DNA end labeling (TUNEL). Finally, B cell lymphoma/lewkmia‐2 (Bcl‐2) level in ischemic rat brain tissue was evaluated with immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. Results:In vitro YGY‐E (50–100 μg/mL) treatment increased the survival rate compared to that of the vehicle‐treated group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). In in vivo experiments, YGY‐E (2.5–10 mg/kg) decreased the percentage of apoptotic neurons (P < 0.01), increased Bcl‐2 (P < 0.01) in ischemic rat brain tissue. These effects were dose dependent. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that YGY‐E's neuroprotective effects may be because of its inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by increasing Bcl‐2 expression.
Hybrid NOTES colectomy for right‐sided colonic tumors
Authors: Cheung TPP , Cheung HYS , Ng LWC , Chung CCC , Li MKW
Published: January 2012

Introduction

Given the limitation of surgical access and instrumentation, pure NOTES technique currently appears challenging for colorectal surgery. As such, we would like to determine the technical feasibility and clinical results of hybrid NOTES right hemicolectomy with transrectal extraction of specimen.

Materials and Surgical Technique

After the right‐sided colon was fully mobilized and vessels ligated, bowel resection and intracorporeal side‐to‐side ileocolic anastomosis were performed with endostaplers. The Transanal Endoscopic Operations device was inserted transanally. The resected specimen was removed via the Transanal Endoscopic Operations device through an enterotomy made over the anterior wall of the upper rectum.

Discussion

The operation was performed on a 42‐year‐old woman and lasted 120 minutes; blood loss was 30 mL. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on postoperative day 5. The median pain score was 2 (range, 2–3). Our preliminary experience shows that hybrid NOTES right hemicolectomy is safe and feasible. The technique eliminates the need for mini‐laparotomy in patients undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, and it offers promise in this era of minimally invasive surgery.
Coexistent dermoid cysts of the pouch of the Douglas and ovary resected by laparoscopy
Authors: Tokunaga M , Seta M , Yamada M , Nishio M , Yamamoto K , Koyasu Y
Published: January 2012

Dermoid cysts of the ovary are one of the most common ovarian neoplasms, but parasitic dermoid cysts as well as coexistent dermoid cysts are unusual. Almost all reports of coexistent dermoid cysts involve the omentum and ovary, but our case involved the pouch of Douglas and ovary. We managed this case by laparoscopy.
Laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal schwannoma
Authors: Asakage N
Published: January 2012

Herein is a report of a case of a 34‐year‐old man whose chief complaint was right lower abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Additionally, an abdominal CT scan found retroperitoneal tumor approximately 5 cm in size, with an imaging effect, located adjacent to the dorsal side of the inferior vena cava. For this suspected neurogenic tumor, laparoscopic appendectomy and retroperitoneal tumorectomy were performed after conservative treatment of appendicitis. The retroperitoneal tumor was 5.5 × 3.5 cm in size, had a capsule, smooth surface and soft elasticity, and the divided face was solid white. The histopathological work‐up revealed that the tumor was a benign mixed‐type schwannoma, in which spindle cells were arranged. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged from the hospital 7 days after the surgery. In general, retroperitoneal schwannoma is not associated with any symptoms, so it is often discovered accidentally, as in this case. The appropriate treatment for the condition is surgical resection of the tumor including the capsule. However, the use of laparoscopic surgery has been reported in recent years. Although the majority of the cases are benign, there have been some reports of local recurrence. As such, this case will required careful follow‐ups.
Transumbilical laparoscopic surgery using GelPort through an umbilical zigzag skin incision
Authors: Hachisuka T , Kinoshita T , Yamakawa T , Kurata N , Tsutsuyama M , Umeda S , Tokunaga S , Yarita A , Shibata M , Shimizu D , Shikano T , Hattori K , Mori T , Shinohara M , Miyauchi M
Published: January 2012

Introduction

We report herein a new method of transumbilical laparoscopic surgery using a GelPort through an umbilical zigzag skin incision. The method involves collaborating with plastic surgeons to ensure the procedure was minimally invasive.

Materials and Surgical Technique

After marking a zigzag skin incision in the umbilical region, the skin was incised along this line. Then, a GelPort double‐ring wound retractor was inserted through the incision, which enlarged the diameter of the fascial opening to 6 cm. The Gelport was latched on the wound retractor ring, following the inflation of the pneumoperitoneum by CO
2. One or more additional ports were inserted as necessary. All operations were performed in the standard fashion. The specimen was easily extracted from the abdomen through the umbilical incision, and anastomosis was performed. Using the above method, we performed the following procedures: one total gastrectomy, one distal gastrectomy, three gastric local resections, five right hemicolectomies, two high anterior resections, three cholecystectomies, and seven transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasties. All cases were accomplished without any complications using this method. The wounds of the umbilical region were almost “scarless” in all cases.

Discussion

We developed an umbilical zigzag skin incision technique to perform abdominal laparoscopic operations using a GelPort, with a minimal number of skin incisions. We consider that our method reduces the technical difficulties associated with laparoscopic surgery and maintains cosmesis.
Stomach hanging technique using gauze during laparoscopic gastrectomy
Authors: Kong SH , Suh YS , Han DS , Lee HJ , Kim HH , Yang HK
Published: January 2012

Introduction

Lifting the stomach using laparoscopic instruments during laparoscopic gastrectomy is difficult and increases the risk of crushing the tumor. In this study, we present a stomach hanging technique using gauze pieces that reduces the risk to the tumor.

Materials and Surgical Technique

After a partial omentectomy and the opening of the lesser sac, the antrum was wrapped with a 15–20‐cm gauze piece. Next, a straight needle with 2‐0 monofilament suture material pierced the abdominal cavity through the right subcostal area on the mid‐clavicular line, and the gauze was then sutured twice in a figure of eight manner. The needle was removed percutaneously through the right middle quadrant of the abdomen. Another suture was applied to wrap the left side of the stomach. The stomach was easily lifted and positioned by pulling the four suture strings in different directions. After the suture materials were fastened to the abdominal wall using hemostat forceps, the surgical field was sufficiently exposed, facilitating lymph node dissection on the superior surface of the pancreas. This method freed the assistant from holding the stomach and enabled this individual to assist the operation in other ways.

Discussion

This stomach lifting technique using gauze is a good option for exposing the surgical field, enables the assistant to perform other tasks, and reduces the risk of crushing the tumor during laparoscopic gastrectomy.
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Functions of Non suicidal Self‐Injury: Associations with Emotional and Social Functioning
Authors: Turner Brianna J. , Chapman Alexander L. , Layden Brianne K.
Published: January 2012

Understanding the functions of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) has important implications for the development and refinement of theoretical models and treatments of NSSI. Emotional and social vulnerabilities associated with five common functions of NSSI–emotion relief (ER), feeling generation (FG), self‐punishment (SP), interpersonal influence (II), and interpersonal communication (IC)–were investigated to clarify why individuals use this behavior in the service of different purposes. Female participants (n = 162) with a history of NSSI completed online measures of self‐injury, emotion regulation strategies and abilities, trait affectivity, social problem‐solving styles, and interpersonal problems. ER functions were associated with more intense affectivity, expressive suppression, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies. FG functions were associated with a lack of emotional clarity. Similar to ER functions, SP functions were associated with greater affective intensity and expressive suppression. II functions were negatively associated with expressive suppression and positively associated with domineering/controlling and intrusive/needy interpersonal styles. IC functions were negatively associated with expressive suppression and positively associated with a vindictive or self‐centered interpersonal style. These findings highlight the specific affective traits, emotional and social skill deficits, and interpersonal styles that may render a person more likely to engage in NSSI to achieve specific goals.
Investigating oral health‐related quality of life and self‐perceived satisfaction with partial dentures
Authors: Abuzar Menaka A. , Kahwagi Esperance , Yamakawa Takeshi
Published: January 2012

Aim:  To investigate the prevalence and severity of oral health‐related quality of life in patients treated with removable partial dentures at a publicly‐funded dental hospital. The association between patients’ demographic profiles, denture‐related, variables and oral health‐related quality of life was also investigated.

Methods:  A questionnaire was designed to investigate the use and satisfaction of removable partial dentures, and oral health‐related quality of life of removable partial denture wearers using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14. The questionnaire was administered to 740 randomly‐selected patients who received removable partial dentures during 2005–2008. The response rate was 31.35%. Non‐parametric tests and a logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between denture‐related variables and oral health‐related quality of life. A question on symptoms unrelated to dentures was also analyzed.

Results:  The Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 prevalence calculated was 43.1%. The removable partial denture experience and frequency of use was inversely associated with Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 scores. Metal‐based removable partial dentures were associated with lower Oral Health Impact Profile prevalence and severity scores. No significant association was found between demographic profile, circumstance for provision of removable partial dentures and Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 score.

Conclusion:  The participants of this study indicated that perceived denture performance, removable partial dentures material, experience, and frequency of use are associated with oral health‐related quality of life.
The subcellular distribution of (±)-2,3-dehydroemetine and (−)- emetine in rat liver and changes in hepatic lipid content after treatment of rats with (±)-2,3-dehydroemetine
Authors: Miller H H , Jondorf W R
Published: January 2012

Treatment of female rats with (±)-2,3-dehydroemetine leads to increases in the total lipid content of their livers, without affecting phospholipid content appreciably. The subcellular distribution of (±)-2,3-dehydroemetine or (−)-emetine in the livers of rats pretreated with these drugs, shows that each compound is associated with the mitochondria rather than the microsomal fraction or the cell sap.
The effect of a range of Triton non-ionic surfactants on rodent ovaries
Authors: Goldhammer Helen , McManus W R , Osborn R A
Published: January 2012

Cysts developing on rodent ovaries after the Triton series of non-ionic surfactants have been fed to or applied topically to the animals are subcapsular and associated with obstruction of the ostium. The ability of Triton X-100 to produce subcapsular cysts after being fed to animals has been confirmed but the mechanism by which it does so remains obscure.
Anti-inflammatory properties of a series of phenyl- and phenoxy-alkanoic acids
Authors: Drain D J , Daly M J , Davy B , Horlington M , Howes J G B , Scruton J M , Selway R A
Published: January 2012

Some o-benzamidophenoxyacetic, phenylalkanoic and phenoxyalkanoic acids have been synthesized. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the phenylbenzoquinone writhing test in mice and the rat foot oedema test. Meta- and para-substitutions in the benzamido-ring, promoting lipid solubility, enhanced the potency, whereas substitution with polar groups reduced it. Further phenylring substitution in the 2-(3,4-dichlorobenzamido)phenoxyacetic acids only slightly affected the potency. Side-chain modifications did not increase the activity on the three substituted phenoxyacetic acids chosen. Two phenylpropionic acids showed a good order of activity but the respective cinnamic acids were virtually inactive. From the investigations 2-(3,4-dichlorobenzamido)phenoxyacetic acid (SNR. 1804) was selected for further studies is now undergoing clinical evaluation.
Ion Current, Combustion and Emission Characteristics in an Automotive Common Rail Diesel Engine
Authors: Henein Naeim A. , Badawy Tamer , Rai Nilesh , Bryzik Walter
Published: January 2012

Advanced electronically controlled diesel engines require a feedback signal to the ECU to adjust different operating parameters and meet demands for power, better fuel economy and low emissions. Different types of in-cylinder combustion sensors are being considered to produce this signal. This paper presents results of an experimental investigation on the characteristics of the ion current in an automotive diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system. The engine is a 1.9 L, 4-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine. Experiments covered different engine loads and injection pressures. The relationships between the ion current, combustion parameters and engine out NO emissions and opacity are presented. The analysis of the experimental data identified possible sources of the ion current produced in diesel engines.
The Deduction of the Integral and the Estimation of the Local Core Rotation Ratio by Telemetric Pressure Measurements in a Two Cavity Test Rig
Authors: Uffrecht Wieland , Günther André
Published: January 2012

The heat transfer in rotating cavities, as found in the internal air system of gas turbines, is mainly governed by the flow passing through these specific machine structures. The core rotation ratio represents the circumferential velocity, and is thought to be an influential flow parameter for heat transfer in rotating cavities with radial flow-through. Therefore, this paper focuses on deducing the core rotation ratio and the estimation of its local distribution using telemetric pressure measurements. The local core rotation ratio depends on the radial pressure distribution in a rotating cavity system. Thus, an integral core rotation ratio can be determined from pressure measurements in the rotating cavity system. A flow structure-based approximation of the measurements allows an estimation of the radial distribution of the core rotation ratio in the rotating cavity. The results of the measurements with varied flow rates and revolving speeds are presented, as well as a discussion of the fit parameters and their dependency on the operation mode of the test rig.
Autoignition Limits of Hydrogen at Relevant Reheat Combustor Operating Conditions
Authors: Fleck J. , Griebel P. , Steinberg A.M. , Stöhr M. , Aigner M. , Ciani A.
Published: January 2012

The use of highly reactive fuels in the lean premixed combustion systems employed in stationary gas turbines can lead to many practical problems, such as unwanted autoignition in regions not designed for combustion. In the present study, autoignition characteristics for hydrogen, diluted with up to 30 vol. % nitrogen, were investigated at conditions relevant to reheat combustor operation (p = 15 bar, T >1000 K, hot flue gas, relevant residence times). The experiments were performed in a generic, optically accessible reheat combustor, by applying high-speed imaging and particle image velocimetry. Autoignition limits for different mixing section (temperature, velocity) and fuel jet (N2 dilution) parameters are described. The dominant factor influencing autoignition was the temperature, with an increase of around 2% leading to a reduction of the highest possible H2 concentration without “flame-stabilizing autoignition kernels” of approximately 16 vol. %. Furthermore, the onset and propagation of the ignition kernels were elucidated using the high-speed measurements. It was found that the ability of individual autoignition kernels to develop into stable flames depends on the initial position of the kernel and the corresponding axial velocity at that position. While unwanted autoignition occurred prior to reaching the desired operating point for most investigated conditions, for certain conditions the reheat combustor could be operated stably with up to 80 vol. % H2 in the fuel.
Fluidelastic Instability in Normal and Parallel Triangular Arrays of Finned Tubes
Authors: Wang J. , Weaver D. S.
Published: January 2012

An experimental study was carried out to investigate fluidelastic instability in finned tube bundles in normal and parallel triangular arrays. Three arrays of each geometry type were studied experimentally: two arrays with serrated, helically wound finned tubes of different fin densities, and a bare tube array with the same base diameter as the finned tubes. All six tube arrays studied had the same tube pitch. The finned tubes under consideration were commercial finned tubes typically used in the fossil and process industries. For the purpose of the present investigation, the concept of “effective diameter” of a finned tube, as previously used to predict vortex shedding, was used to compare the finned tube results with other finned tube results as well as the existing bare tube world data. The experimental results for the triangular arrays show that the fin’s structure strongly influences the fluidelastic stability of finned tube bundles and the fin pitch is demonstrated to reduce the difference in the stability threshold between the tube array geometries as the fin density increases. Overall, the effect of serrated fins on fluidelastic instability is very complex and array geometry dependent, stabilizing some arrays and destabilizing others. Clearly, the effect of fins cannot be accounted for by the simple use of an effective diameter of an equivalent bare tube. An earlier version of this paper appeared at the ASME 2010 FSI Conference, FEDSM-ICNMM2010-30223.
Rapid Heating Induced Vibration of Magnetostrictive Functionally Graded Material Plates
Authors: Hong C. C.
Published: January 2012

The thermal vibration study of magnetostrictive functionally graded material (FGM) plate under rapid heating is computed by using the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method. The dynamic equilibrium differential equations with displacements and shear rotations of magnetostrictive FGM plate under the rapid heating are normalized and discretized into the dynamic discretized equations. The computational solutions of magnetostrictive FGM plate with four simply supported edges are obtained. Some parametric effects on the magnetostrictive FGM plates are analyzed, they are: thickness of mounted magnetostrictive layer, control gains of the proportional negative derivative, rapid heating flux values, and power law index values of FGM plate.
Active Vibration Control of Beams by Combining Precompressed Layer Damping and ACLD Treatment: Performance Comparison of Various Robust Control Techniques
Authors: Kumar Rajiv
Published: January 2012

It is a well known fact that system parameters of the flexible structures keep on changing due to several reasons. Ordinary controllers lose their effectiveness in changed situations and do not guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. However, controllers designed based on robust control theory not only maintain the closed loop stability of the perturbed system with a large variation in system parameters but also maintain the best performance. H∞ loop shaping controller is designed and implemented experimentally on a smart flexible beam treated with precompressed layer damping and ACLD treatment. It outperforms linear quadratic Gaussian and standard H∞ controller both in terms of robust stability and robust performance. Relative merits and demerits of the μ-synthesis based controller are also discussed. Afterwards, these controllers were digitized at certain sampling frequencies and applied to the experimental flexible structure. Certain time domain parameters of the closed loop system discuss the relative superiority of these controllers which otherwise cannot be captured using frequency domain results alone.
Effect of Conical Angle and Thread Pitch on the Self-Loosening Performance of Preloaded Countersunk-Head Bolts
Authors: Zaki Amro M. , Nassar Sayed A. , Yang Xianjie
Published: January 2012

This paper investigates the effect of the countersunk conical angle and thread pitch on the loosening performance of preloaded countersunk-head bolts that are subjected to harmonic transverse loading. A nonlinear mathematical model is used to predict the loosening performance. Cumulative differential loosening rotation of the bolt head is converted to a gradual loss in the bolt tension and joint clamp load. Model prediction of the self-loosening behavior is experimentally validated.
Leak Before Break Analysis of Steam Generator Shell Nozzle Junction for Sodium Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor
Authors: Mani N. , Thanigaiyarasu G. , Chellapandi P.
Published: January 2012

The steam generators (SG) control the capacity factor of sodium cooled fast reactor plants and hence they are designed with high reliability. One of the strategies to enhance the reliability is to demonstrate leak before break (LBB) justification. LBB analysis is reported for 500 MWe sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) in this paper. The material of construction is modified 9 Cr-1 Mo and the critical location is the shell nozzle junction. The initial surface crack is postulated at the critical locations at the shell nozzle junction. The critical crack length is computed by adopting the philosophy of CEGB-R6 procedure, for which Jintegral is computed by finite element method. For determining the detectable through-wall crack length, the crack opening area is also determined by finite element method. Finally, it is demonstrated that it is possible to justify leak before break argument for SFR SG with adequate margins. The required material properties are extracted from French Design Code RCC-MR-2002 and validated with tests on plates.
Characteristics and Modeling of Multiple Direction Optimized-Friction Pendulum System With Numerous Sliding Interfaces Subjected to Multidirectional Excitations
Authors: Tsai C. S. , Su H. C. , Lin Yung-Chang
Published: January 2012

In this paper, a base isolator called a multiple direction optimized-friction pendulum system (Multiple DO-FPS) with numerous sliding interfaces is proposed. To understand the mechanical behavior of the Multiple DO-FPS isolator under multidirectional excitations, an analytical model called the multiple yield and bounding surfaces model is proposed. On the basis of the derived mathematical formulations for simulation of the characteristics of the Multiple DO-FPS isolation bearing, it is revealed that the natural period and damping effect of the Multiple DO-FPS isolator are a function of the sliding displacement and sliding direction. By virtue of the proposed model, the phenomena of the sliding motions of the Multiple DO-FPS isolator with numerous sliding interfaces subjected to multidirectional excitations can be understood in a simple manner. The analytical results indicate that the natural frequency and damping effect of the Multiple DO-FPS isolator with numerous concave sliding interfaces change continually during earthquakes and are controllable through appropriate designs.
Psychometric properties of the coordinate response measure corpus with various types of background interference
Authors: Eddins David A. , Liu Chang
Published: January 2012

The coordinate response measure (CRM) corpus has gained broad acceptance as a research tool for investigating speech intelligibility in background competition and has been widely used in studies of informational masking. The purpose of this study is to establish the psychometric characteristics of CRM target-word identification in various backgrounds with the goal of being able to determine when it is appropriate or not to use adaptive threshold procedures with the CRM corpus. Target-word identification performance based on adaptive tracking mapped directly onto the monotonic psychometric functions obtained for two-talker, four-talker, and cafeteria noise interferers.
Multifrequency species classification of acoustic-trawl survey data using semi-supervised learning with class discovery
Authors: Woillez M. , Ressler P. H. , Wilson C. D. , Horne J. K.
Published: January 2012

Acoustic surveys often use multifrequency backscatter to estimate fish and plankton abundance. Direct samples are used to validate species classification of acoustic backscatter, but samples may be sparse or unavailable. A generalized Gaussian mixture model was developed to classify multifrequency acoustic backscatter when not all species classes are known. The classification, based on semi-supervised learning with class discovery, was applied to data collected in the eastern Bering Sea during summers 2004, 2007, and 2008. Walleye pollock, euphausiids, and two other major classes occurring in the upper water column were identified.
Contrasting behavior between dispersive seismic velocity and attenuation: Advantages in subsoil characterization
Authors: Zhubayev Alimzhan , Ghose Ranajit
Published: January 2012

A careful look into the pertinent models of poroelasticity reveals that in water-saturated sediments or soils, the seismic (P and S wave) velocity dispersion and attenuation in the low field-seismic frequency band (20–200 Hz) have a contrasting behavior in the porosity-permeability domain. Taking advantage of this nearly orthogonal behavior, a new approach has been proposed, which leads to unique estimates of both porosity and permeability simultaneously. Through realistic numerical tests, the effect of maximum frequency content in data and the integration of P and S waves on the accuracy and robustness of the estimates are demonstrated.
The Centrosome in Cells and Organisms
Authors: Bornens Michel
Published: January 2012

Centrosome Center Stage?

The centrosome is a major organizer of the cytoskeleton in animal cells. The precise duplication of this organelle at each cell cycle ensures proper organization of the mitotic apparatus and chromosome segregation. However, centrosomes are dispensable for cell division during some stages of development in mouse and
Drosophila
.
Bornens
(p.
422
) reviews the role of the centrosome in a variety of organisms and discusses how and why they can be dispensed with on occasion. In this vein,

Azimzadeh
et al.

(p.
461
, published online 5 January) now demonstrate that centrosomes in Planarian flatworms, best known for their remarkable regeneration abilities, are completely dispensable for both cell division and development.