bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Air and Health Outcomes in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Szyszkowicz Mieczysław , Jędrzejewski Waldemar
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the associations of the onset of human health conditions with short-term exposure to ambient air pollution in Toronto, Canada. Urban air quality is influenced by various air pollutants, many of which are harmful to human health. This study focuses on the acute impact of these urban air pollutants in Toronto. The health conditions are measured as emergency department visits. Statistical models were constructed to assess the relative risks associated with the concentrations of these pollutants. The models were realized to 8 air pollutants and 18 strata (determined by sex, age, and season). Twelve disease categories, identified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), were used as health outcomes in the models. The results were compiled into matrices with 18 rows (strata) and 15 columns (lags) for each air pollutant (8 considered) and the 12 health categories classified by their ICD-10 codes. The results, in the form of the estimated coefficients and their standard errors, were used for the presented analysis. A series of graphs were produced to explore the effects of the selected air pollutants on health. The study indicates and supports the associations between ambient ozone levels and respiratory system diseases (ICD-10 codes: J00 – J99).
Data Mining Applications for Pedestrian Behaviour Patterns at Unsignalized Crossings
Authors: Liu Shengqi , Evdorides Harry
Published: December 2024

This study analyses pedestrian behaviour patterns at unsignalized crossings by using multiple Data-mining approaches, aiming to improve pedestrian safety by understanding the relationship between movement patterns, location, and infrastructure. Utilizing the STATS19 dataset from the UK Department for Transport, applied data analysis techniques, including heatmap visualization, association rule learning, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with clustering, to identify high-risk behaviours and provide targeted interventions. Heatmap visualization identifies spatial patterns and high-risk areas, while association rule learning reveals the relationships between pedestrian behaviours and infrastructure elements, highlighting the importance of facility placement and accessibility in encouraging safe crossing. PCA combined with clustering effectively reduces data complexity, revealing key factors that influence pedestrian safety. The findings emphasize the need for appropriate infrastructure, such as strategically placed zebra crossings and central refuges, to guide pedestrian behaviour and reduce accident risks. Underutilized facilities like footbridges and subways require redesign to align with pedestrian preferences. The results of this study offer insights for urban planners to prioritize safety measures and infrastructure improvements that enhance pedestrian safety at unsignalized crossings.
Storm Surge Clusters, Multi-Peaked Storms and Their Effect on the Performance of the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier (Netherlands)
Authors: Bakker Alexander M.R. , Rovers Dion L.T.
Published: December 2024

Storm surge barriers are crucial for the flood protection of the Netherlands and other Deltas. In order to guarantee a high safety level, a high closure reliability is required. In the Netherlands, the reliability of flood defenses is typically assessed based on extreme water level and wave height statistics. Yet, in case of operated flood defenses, such as storm surge barriers, the temporal clustering of successive events may be just as important. This study investigates the evolution and associated flood risk of clusters of successive storm surge peaks at the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier in the Netherlands. Two mechanisms are considered that may lead to a series of storm surge peaks. Multi-peaked storm surges, as a consequence of tidal movement on top of the surge, are studied by means of simplified storm patterns that are widely used within the Netherlands. Clusters of surges resulting from different, but related storms are investigated by means of time series analysis of a long sea-level record close to the Maeslant Barrier. We conclude that the tendency of storms to cluster and especially the occurrence of multi-peaked storms may substantially increase the flood risk in the area behind the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier and we envision that the influence is likely to increase with sea-level rise. The numbers are however highly uncertain due to the strong sensitivity to assumptions, model choices and applied data set. More insight in the statistics of the time evolution of extreme sea water levels is needed to better understand and ultimately to reduce these uncertainties.
Research Study of Native Parasitoids Niche Accomplish in Invasive Seed Infestation: New Perspective Brought New Consequence Conclusions
Authors: Marković Miroslava , Mitrović Suzana , Djordjević Ilija , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Furtula Danilo , Cesljar Goran , Gagic-Serdar Renata
Published: December 2024

Primary parasitism, endoparasite could be solitary and gregarious, as so ectoparasitic. Ectoparasites could be hyperparasitoid, superparasite, then those are: 1) polymorphic, panmictic populations; from beginning: wasps Dinarmus acutus (Chalc.: Pteromalidae) (called Oedaulae sp. at 2006 when study begun) and Eupelmus urosonus as well as Eupelmus vesicularis (Chalc.: Eupelmidae). 2) further reduction of gene flow between host races until the diverging populations, sympatric and panmictic. The prey-larvae system. These are the ones that make the final circle, the smallest: family: Eulophids (Tetrastichus sp. and Aprostocetus sp.). That would be: i) Larvae of seed beetle in the Legume pod ii) Pteromalid or Eupelmids- primary ones iii) On theirs’s larvae there’s hyper and supers: Eurytomid and Braconid. iv) Theirs solitary ecto’s are one of those: Tetrastichus sp. and Aprostocetus sp.; they are also like other pairs almost symbionts, when you look at some circumstances: Adults leave seed-pods in the same decades, March and April, in the spring, and September-October-November, in the fall. So, Eurytomidae: Chalcids are not herbivores, like superparasitoids (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) – all circle is made of primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary - 4+1 = 2+2+1= 5 (five ranges of parasitoids in eco-niches). But nothing is sure as an event which is not obligatory in these systems.
Joint Frequency Stabilisation in Future 100 % Renewable Electric Power Systems
Authors: Reese Lisanne , Rettig Arne , Jauch Clemens , Domin Richard Johannes , Karshüning Tom
Published: December 2024

Due to the energy transition, the future electric power system will face further challenges that affect the functionality of the electricity grid and therefore the security of supply. For this reason, this article examines the future frequency stabilisation in a 100 % renewable electric power system. A focus is set on the provision of inertia and frequency containment reserve. Today, the frequency stabilisation in most power systems is based on synchronous generators. By using grid-forming frequency converters, a large potential of alternative frequency stabilisation reserves can be tapped. Consequently, frequency stabilisation is not a problem of existing capacities, but whether and how these are utilized. Therefore, in this paper, a collaborative approach to realize frequency stabilisation is proposed. By distributing the required inertia and frequency containment reserve across all technologies that are able to provide it, the relative contribution of each individual provider is low. To cover the need for frequency containment reserve, each capable technology would have to provide less than 1 % of its rated power. The inertia demand can be covered by the available capacities at a Coverage Ratio of 171 % (excluding wind power) to 217 % (all capacities). As a result, it is proposed that provision of frequency stabilisation is made mandatory for all capable technologies. The joint provision distributes the burden of frequency stabilisation across many participants, and hence, increases redundancy. It ensures the stability of future electricity grids, and at the same time, it reduces the technological and economic effort. The findings are presented for the example of the German electricity grid.
A New Low-Cost Compact Antenna for the 2.45 and 5.8 GHz ISM Bands
Authors: Assogba Ognadon , Bréard Arnaud , Duroc Yvan
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the design of a high-performance dual-band antenna for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications. The proposed prototype consists of a low-cost patch antenna, 40 mm × 24 mm in size (i.e., 0.36λ0 × 0.19λ0, with λ0 the wavelength corresponding to the low frequency), with a relatively wideband for both operational bands (up to 140 MHz at 2.45 GHz and 510 MHz at 5.8 GHz), and a radiation efficiency of over 90%. The antenna has a quasi-omnidirectional radiation pattern with gains of 2.41 dBi and 5.22 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz respectively. The design methodology is detailed and illustrated by simulation results showing the optimization steps and the characteristics associated with the antenna. Experimental results based on a fabricated prototype are presented and compared with simulations results from the design stage. Finally, the proposed antenna prototype is also compared with similar antennas available in the literature.
Antimicrobial Peptides, Their Production, and Potential in the Fight Against Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Saubenova Margarita , Rapoport Alexander , Yermekbay Zhanerke , Oleinikova Yelena
Published: December 2024

The article reviews the literature on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit unique antimicrobial mechanisms, such as broad-spectrum activity, low development of antimicrobial resistance, and the ability to modulate the immune response of the host organism. Information is provided on the significant potential of AMPs in the fight against pathogens threatening human health and food safety. Enrichment of the human diet with biologically active peptides obtained using the proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is proposed as a simple, accessible, and viable alternative to antibiotics that does not have a harmful side effect. The review briefly covers the methods for obtaining AMPs and features of the LAB proteolytic system responsible for producing bioactive peptides in the environment. It has been shown that using various LAB strains makes it possible to produce high-quality whey-based beverages with different directions of antagonistic activity against opportunistic pathogens and helps optimize the gastrointestinal microbiota. It is assumed that such drinks can reduce the dose of antimicrobials in combined therapy of various infectious diseases and be a preventive measure against contagion and the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Dynamic Access Decision Scoring: An Adaptive Framework for Healthcare Data Security and Privacy
Authors: Segal Yoram , Hod Adi
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a novel Dynamic Access Decision Scoring (ADS) framework that integrates cognitive computing and big data to address emerging challenges in controlling access to healthcare data systems. Traditional rule-based access control mechanisms lack the cognitive capabilities to process dynamic security requirements, creating vulnerabilities when managing large-scale electronic health records (EHRs). Our framework leverages cognitive computing by combining machine learning algorithms, behavioral pattern analysis, and real-time data analytics to create an intelligent security system that safeguards sensitive medical data while maintaining computational efficiency. The core innovation lies in developing a cognitive mathematical template that data scientists and researchers can adapt through deep learning and analytical processing. The framework introduces a modular formula as an adaptive cognitive pattern, incorporating four computational elements: machine learning predictions, historical pattern recognition, risk analytics, and temporal context processing. Each element employs cognitive algorithms that security architects can calibrate within their specific data ecosystems. The framework’s primary contribution demonstrates how cognitive probabilistic approaches can dynamically adapt to complex healthcare environments. This research advances big data security by establishing a cognitive computing foundation for making access control decisions, effectively bridging theoretical data models with practical machine intelligence implementation in healthcare information systems.
Exploiting Cancer Dormancy Signaling Mechanisms in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Through Spheroid and Organoid Analysis
Authors: Tomas Emily J , Valdes Yudith Ramos , Davis Jennifer , Kolendowski Bart , Buensuceso Adrian , DiMattia Gabriel E , Shepherd Trevor G
Published: December 2024

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) exhibits a unique mode of metastasis, involving spheroid formation in the peritoneum. Our research on EOC spheroid cell biology has provided valuable insights into the signalling plasticity associated with metastasis. We speculate that EOC cells modify their biology between tumor and spheroid states during cancer dormancy, although the specific mechanisms underlying this transition remain unknown. Here, we present novel findings from direct comparisons between cultured EOC spheroids and organoids. Our results indicated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was significantly upregulated and protein kinase B (Akt) was down-regulated in iOvCa spheroids compared to organoids, suggesting a clear differential phenotype. Through a comprehensive RNA sequencing analysis, we further supported these phenotypic differences and highlighted the significance of cell cycle regulation in organoids. By inhibiting the G2/M checkpoint via kinase inhibitors, we confirmed that this pathway is essential for organoids. Interestingly, our results suggest that specifically targeting aurora kinase A (AURKA) may represent a promising therapeutic strategy since our cells were equally sensitive to Alisertib treatment as both spheroids and or-ganoids. Our findings emphasize the importance of studying cellular adaptations of EOC cells, as there may be different therapeutic targets depending on the step of EOC disease progression.
Cleaning Bharat (India): A Scoping Review of Perceptions Regarding How Swachh Bharat Can Continue to Improve Hygiene Across the Nation
Authors: Varshney Karan , Shet Pavan , Hoosenally Mariyah
Published: December 2024

The spread of diarrheal disease is a major public health problem, and a lack of proper sanitation is an important contributor to this. In 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was initiated by the Government of Bharat (India) to improve sanitation across the entirety of the country; SBM has received worldwide praise for its success, and it is now being expanded further. For the purposes of guiding the ongoing implementation of SBM, and to determine where it has or has not been successful, the objective of this scoping review was to determine the perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of individuals regarding SBM. After screening of 5454 research articles across seven databases, nine total articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. Numerous key themes emerged: many chose to greatly praise SBM for its past successes, individuals felt that mass media should continue to be used to raise awareness, that mindsets and a lack of awareness continue to serve as barriers to change, and that addressing inadequate waste disposal and waste segregation should be a very high priority to ensure cleanliness in Bharat. The findings of this review can guide policymakers, government workers, non-governmental organizations, and researchers in ensuring that the continual development of SBM in its second phase and beyond successfully achieve its aims.
Research Design in Social Sciences Research: Exploring Methodological Evolution and Comprehensive Insights
Authors: Emon Md Mehedi Hasan
Published: December 2024

This systematic literature review explores the evolution of research design in the social sciences, focusing on the methodological developments, challenges, and innovations that have shaped the field over time. The review traces the historical trajectory of research methods, starting from the dominance of positivist paradigms and the gradual incorporation of qualitative methodologies. The integration of mixed-methods approaches, which combine quantitative and qualitative techniques, has emerged as a significant milestone, allowing researchers to address multifaceted research questions with greater depth and rigor. Technological advancements, including the rise of digital tools such as online surveys, social media analytics, and machine learning, have further transformed research practices, enabling large-scale data collection and analysis. However, these developments also introduce new ethical dilemmas, particularly concerning data privacy and representation, which require robust frameworks to guide researchers. Additionally, the review highlights the increasing emphasis on ethical considerations, particularly participatory and inclusive research methodologies, which prioritize marginalized voices and emphasize reflexivity. Interdisciplinary collaborations have been crucial in driving methodological innovation, as social scientists collaborate with researchers from other fields to address complex global issues such as climate change, public health, and social inequality. Finally, the review discusses the pedagogical implications of these developments, emphasizing the importance of fostering critical thinking, methodological literacy, and ethical sensitivity among students and researchers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of research design in social sciences, offering insights into future directions for methodological advancement.
Epidemiology, Genetic Diversities and Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates of E. coli, ESBL- E. coli and Salmonella Species from Commercial Poultry Farms in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adetunji Victoria , Davies Alistair , Chisnall Thomas , Falodun Olutayo  I.  , Card Roderick
Published: December 2024

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp are bacteria commonly found in the intestinal flora of humans, other mammals, animals, and birds. These two pathogens are the most important food-borne pathogens of public health importance in poultry globally. This study was designed to determine the antibiotics resistance patterns, identify resistance genes and ESBL production in E. coli and Salmonella species isolated from commercial poultry farms across Nigeria. A subset of 101 isolates (24 putative Salmonella and 77 putative E. coli) from a collection obtained at poultry farms in Nigeria , were analysed in this study. Of the 24 confirmed Salmonella, 7 isolates were fully susceptible and had no resistance genes, these were the two Dugbe’s and five Isangi serovars. The antimicrobial class with the highest prevalence of resistance was the quinolones with 71% of isolates having resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic Acid. None of the Salmonella isolates had resistance to Amikacin, Azithromycin, Cephalosporins (2nd – 4th generation), Colistin, Meropenem, Tigecycline and Trimethoprim. There was a much higher resistance frequency in the E. coli compared to the Salmonella. Over 80% of isolates have resistance to Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic Acid) with a similar percentage having resistance to tetracyclines. No isolates had an AmpC phenotype. The MIC distribution for the E. coli is also far greater than the Salmonella with a higher prevalence of MDR strains. Notable genes identified in isolates include: sul2, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaCTX-M-15, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-65 and the most prevalent been CTX-M-55. The study revealed that Salmonella and E. coli from in Oyo State are becoming more resistant to antibiotics.
Replacing the Self: Bahiah Shaheen’s Transformative Odyssey in Nawal El Saadawi’s Two Women in One
Authors: Mocbil Ahmed Saeed Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Nawal El Saadawi’s groundbreaking novel Two Women in One presents the arduous journey of Bahiah Shaheen, an 18-year-old medical student, as she navigates the complex terrain of self-discovery and self-assertion within the confines of a patriarchal Egyptian society. This comprehensive research paper offers a meticulous textual analysis of Bahiah’s quest for self-realization, illuminating the nuances of El Saadawi’s feminist agenda and the universal struggle of women to forge autonomous identities. Grounded in feminist literary criticism and relevant theoretical frameworks, the study examines Bahiah’s confrontations with patriarchal authority, societal gender norms, and familial expectations. The analysis situates the narrative within the socio-political context of post-colonial Egypt, underscoring the intersections of gender, culture, and national identity. Through a close reading of the text, the paper explores Bahiah’s evolving self-awareness and her interactions with the “other,” highlighting the complexities of female identity formation. The protagonist’s defiant acts of resistance, culminating in her dramatic desertion of an arranged marriage, are analyzed as powerful symbols of her refusal to be subjugated by the patriarchal order. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the scholarly discourse on Nawal El Saadawi’s feminist literature, inviting further exploration of the emancipatory potential of her narratives and their relevance to contemporary feminist movements.
Connecting Health and Technology: Validation of Instant Messaging for Use as Diabetes Mellitus Control Strategy in Brazilian Older Adults
Authors: Costa Manoela Vieira Gomes da , Zandonadi Renata Puppin , Ginani Verônica Cortez , Funghetto Silvana Schwerz , Lima Luciano Ramos de , Rehem Tania Cristina Morais Santa Barbara , Stival Marina Morato
Published: December 2024

Background: Digital technologies are increasingly used to promote effective health interventions in the older adult population. This study aimed to develop and validate instant messages with educational content related to glycemic control through applications for use as a type 2 DM control strategy in older adults. Methods: This is a methodological study that had as a product instant messages containing text and images. The validation process was conducted by a panel of experts composed of nursing, nutrition, and physical education professionals. SPSS version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. The CVI of the items greater than or equal to 0.75 was adopted to measure the experts' agreement regarding the validity of the content of the educational messages. The exact test of statistically significant binomial distribution with p>0.05 and a proportion of 0.95 of agreement was used to estimate the statistical reliability of the CVI. Results: Sixty-one text messages were prepared with support from illustrations divided into three themes. The educational messages were validated with an average CVI above 0.80 in all indicators. Conclusions: These messages were considered relevant and clear for older adults to be included in the digital environment and to the objective of helping to manage type 2 DM.
Optimizing Social Media Marketing to Preserve Lombok's Traditions and Culture
Authors: Iswanto Dedy , Irsyad Ziqrurrahman , Istiqlal Istiqlal , Sangadji Suwandi
Published: December 2024

This research examines the impact of Social Media Marketing on preserving local wisdom on Lombok Island. By employing quantitative methods and multiple linear regression, the study evaluated five independent variables: social media marketing content (X1), user interaction on social media (X2), paid advertising on social media (X3), entertainment and trends on social media (X4), and Electronic Word-of-Mouth (e-WOM) (X5), on the preservation of local traditions and culture (Y). Data from 108 randomly selected participants revealed that user interaction on social media (X2) exerted the most significant influence on the preservation of local traditions and culture, with a coefficient of 0.532 and a t-value of 5.108, significant at p < 0.001. The other variables—content marketing, paid advertising, entertainment, and e-WOM—did not exhibit significant effects. These results indicate that marketing strategies emphasizing active user engagement on social media are more effective in promoting the preservation of local wisdom. Consequently, it is advised that programs aimed at preserving local traditions and culture should prioritize enhancing user interaction on social media, complemented by a holistic approach integrating diverse marketing and community engagement techniques.
Ableism and Employment: A Scoping Review of Literature
Authors: Sharma Ramona H , Asselin Renée , Stainton Tim , Hole Rachelle
Published: December 2024

Background: Ableism obstructs employment equity for disabled individuals. However, despite protective legislation, research lacks a comprehensive understanding of how ableism multidimensionally manifests across job types, disability types, stages of employment, and intersecting identities. Objectives: This scoping review examined how ableism affects disabled workers and jobseekers, as well as its impacts on employment outcomes, variations across disabilities and identities, and best practices for addressing these. Eligibility Criteria: Included articles were 109 peer-reviewed, empirical studies conducted in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland between 2018 and 2023. Sources of Evidence: Using terms related to disability, ableism, and employment, databases searched included Sociology Collection, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Education Source, Academic Search Complete, and ERIC. Charting Methods: Data were extracted in tabular form and analyzed through thematic narrative synthesis to identify study characteristics, ableist barriers within employment, intersectional factors, and best practices. Results: Ableism negatively impacted employment outcomes through barriers within the work environment, challenges disclosing disability, insufficient accommodations, and workplace discrimination. Intersectional factors intensified inequities, particularly for BIPOC, women, and those with invisible disabilities. Conclusions: Systemic, intersectional strategies are needed to address ableism, improve policies, and foster inclusive workplace practices.
Working from Home – Can Experiences from the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Facilitate the Extensive Energy Modernization of the University Building?
Authors: Sowa Jerzy , Chludzińska Marta
Published: December 2024

The study aims to analyze the possibility of periodically introducing work from home during the energy modernization of the university building. A detailed modernization concept was devel-oped in 2017 as part of the KOD-nZEB project. As a result of the modernization, the primary energy consumption in the building is to decrease from approx. 150 to 6.2 kW/m2, to the standard of nearly zero energy building nZEB. A significant obstacle affecting the implementation plan is the need to maintain the uninterrupted operation of the faculty. Based on the experiences gained during the COVID-19 pandemic, the hybrid mode of work-from-home (WFH) concept was suggested to fa-cilitate modernization. A survey was conducted among academic staff to verify this assumption. The measurement procedure for assessing the environment in workplaces organized in homes and at the university was developed. Additionally, a different form of supporting the faculty staff in organizing home workplaces is foreseen. People who do not have the local conditions for providing WFH or who have classes could temporarily use workplaces organized in the faculty building could temporarily use "hot desks." The analyses showed that it is possible to reduce the time spent by academic staff in the building by approximately 65%.
Immersive Virtual Reality as Computer-Assisted Cognitive-Motor Dual Task Training in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Honzíková Lucie , Dąbrowská Marcela , Skřinařová Irena , Mullerová Kristýna , Čecháčková Renáta , Augste Eva , Trdá Jana , Baníková Šárka , Filip Michal , Školoudík David , Štefková Iva , Štula Vojtěch
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of immersive virtual reality (IVR) as computer-assisted cognitive-motor dual task training on stability and gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. The sub-objective focused on quality of life in the study group of patients. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (64.2 ± 12.8 years) were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for the study: adult patients in Hoehn and Yahr's stage 1-3, cooperative, with stable health status, independent and mobile. IVR therapy was performed twice a week for 20 minutes for one month. Input and output measurements were taken within 14 days of starting or ending therapy. The Berg Balance Scale test (BBS) was used to assess balance with a 14-item balance scale containing specific movement tasks. In addition, the 10 Meter Walk test was used to examine and assess both comfortable and fast walking, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) + s dual task was applied to quickly assess the highest possible level of functional mobility. The standardized Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) was used to assess quality of life. Data were processed in the PAST program using a parametric paired t-test. Results: A statistically significant improvement in the BBS score was found after applied therapy (p = 0.033) and a statistically significant reduction in the TUG parameter was found after therapy (p = 0.021). In the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a statistically significant improvement was found in the study group after therapy not only in the total score characterizing quality of life, but also in the domains of mobility, ADL, and emotional well-being. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate a positive effect of virtual reality therapy on balance and gait, which is also good in terms of reducing the risk of falls in the study group. Therapy also promoted quality of life in the study group.
Geographic 1 Proximity of Forever Chemical
Authors: Gourishankar Anand
Published: December 2024

Background: Geographic Information Systems, or GIS, play a pivotal role in the study of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, or PFAS. By focusing on their environmental distribution and pathways, GIS significantly contributes to understanding the sources of PFAS exposure. This method is instrumental in environmental risk assessment and developing effective management strategies.Objective: To geolocate PFAS sites in a map and perform proximity analysis around these sites. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Each PFAS site address was geocoded. We measured proximity using the Kriging interpolation method with each census tract centroid. Additionally, each site had a 1-mile buffer (exposure risk). Results: We geocoded nineteen industrial sites, twenty-nine military sites, and one wastewater management site. By empirical Bayesian kriging, a smoothed map showing proximity ranges from 200 to 2000 meters around the PFAS sites. A one-mile proximity buffer map covered the entire study area. Conclusion: This study’s findings underscore the urgent need for action. Using GIS in decision-making, we can allocate resources and prioritize interventions based on risk and vulnerability. The study highlights potential contamination in residential areas, public water supplies, public parks, and high-density population areas.
Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID
Authors: Blitshteyn Svetlana
Published: December 2024

Both postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and Long COVID are currently viewed as heterogeneous disorders with complex, multi-factorial and multi-systemic pathophysiology. POTS, one of the most common autonomic disorders, is a frequent sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both POTS and autonomic dysfunction in general are major pathophysiologic mechanisms of Long COVID. There is emerging evidence that neuroinflammation of the brainstem may be one of the mechanisms of POTS and Long COVID. This commentary argues that neuroinflammation at the dorsolateral inferior medulla is a possible central nervous system localization for POTS and Long COVID based on the limited currently available scientific literature and neurologic manifestations of both disorders. Further studies involving advanced neuroimaging techniques and animal models with immunohistochemical brainstem tissue assessments are needed to understand how and why possible neuroinflammation at the dorsolateral inferior medulla may occur in patients with Long COVID, POTS and other disorders involving autonomic dysfunction and cerebral hypoperfusion.
A Suite of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Near-Isolines: Genetic Resources and Molecular Tools to Breed for Seed Carbohydrate and Protein Quality in Legumes
Authors: Rayner Tracey , Mundy Julia EA , Bilham Lorelei J , Moreau Carol , Lawson David M , Domoney Claire , Wang Trevor L
Published: December 2024

In recent years there has been a resurgent interest in plant products as substitutes for animal-derived food products, in which legumes, including pea, feature highly. Here, we report on a set of Pisum sativum L. (pea) near-isolines, comprising 24 unique mutants at five loci, where the impact of the mutations on the corresponding enzymes of the starch pathway confer a wrinkled-seeded phenotype. Together with a set of round-seeded mutants impacted at a sixth locus, all 27 mutants show variation for starch composition and protein content. The mutations have been mapped onto three-dimensional protein models to examine potential effects on the corresponding enzyme structures and their activities, and to guide targeted mutagenesis. The mutant lines represent a unique suite of alleles for rapid introduction into elite pea varieties to create new materials for the food and feed markets, and industrial applications.
Portable Magnetic Field Mapping Measurement System based on Large-Scale Dipole Magnets in HIAF
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wu Zi Di , Jin Li an , Yang Jing , Ou Xian Jin , Ni Dong Sheng , Cheng Yue , Zhao Li Xia , Tong Tong Jin , Dong Wei Gang , Wu Bei Min , Li Guo Hong , Yao Qing Gao
Published: December 2024

The High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is a significant national science and technology infrastructure project, constructed by IMP, to provide primary and radioactive intense beams for nuclear and related research. Large aperture, high-precision, and warm-ion superconducting dipole magnets are extensively utilised to achieve high beam intensities. However, the traditional Hall point measurement platform faces limitations such as magnet volume, measurement environment, and the range of good field regions in the measurement of large dipole magnets, especially huge superconducting dipole magnets, leading to poor operability, low measurement efficiency, and significant errors in secondary positioning accuracy. This paper introduces a new magnetic field mapping measurement system, which introduces ultrasonic motors capable of operating under strong magnetic fields (<7T), and can realize portable, efficient and high-precision magnetic field measurement. After system debugging, the SRing dipole magnet prototype was measured. The system's accuracy and efficiency were verified through comparison with traditional Hall probe measurement systems. On this basis, magnetic field distribution and integral excitation curve measurements of all 11 HFRS warm-iron superconducting dipole magnets and 3 HFRS anti-irradiation dipole magnets were carried out and completed, achieving the testing objectives.
COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in an Urban Public School System: A Case Study of Baltimore City Public Schools
Authors: Ivanov Natalie , Iyengar Ananya , Gronvall Gigi
Published: December 2024

In this case study, we describe and document how Baltimore City Public Schools (BCPS), an urban K–12 public school system, implemented COVID-19 mitigation measures guided by a Public Health Advisory Committee, as well federal and state guidance. BCPS comprises more than 160 public schools, and offers education and social safety services to a population of almost 76,000 students. Throughout the 2020–2023 academic years, BCPS worked with a Public Health Advisory Committee to establish comprehensive COVID-19 transmission mitigation measures, using federal and state pandemic-related funding meant to reduce COVID-19 prevalence among students, faculty, and staff. The school system’s processes of determining and establishing these mitigation measures over the three academic years provides valuable information and lessons for preparing schools in the event of future health emergencies or pandemics, particularly related to decision-making processes, and student/parent communications.
Hands-On Quantum Cryptography: Experimentation with the B92 Protocol Using Pulsed Lasers
Authors: Gandelman Sara P. , Maslennikov Alona , Rozenman Georgi Gary
Published: December 2024

Quantum cryptography continues to be an area of significant research and educational interest. Here, a straightforward and reliable approach to both the experimental and theoretical aspects of quantum key distribution is presented, tailored for senior undergraduate students. Focusing on illustrating the essential concepts of the B92 protocol through a combination of optical experiments and custom-developed computational tools, this work offers a thorough exploration of quantum cryptography by B92 protocol’s principles.
Quantum Relativity (Impact of Hamiltonian Energy with Space-Time 2)
Authors: Ismail Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Samira Ezzat
Published: December 2024

This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.
Putrescine Depletion in Leishmania donovani Parasites Causes Immediate Proliferation Arrest Followed by an Apoptosis-Like Cell Death
Authors: Johnston Julia , Taylor Jonathan , Nahata Surbhi , Gatica-Gomez Angelica , Anderson Yvette L. , Kiger Sophia , Pham Thong , Karimi Kayhan , Lacar Jasmin-Faith , Carter Nicola S. , Roberts Sigrid C.
Published: December 2024

The polyamine pathway in Leishmania parasites has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic intervention, yet the functions of polyamines in parasites remain largely unexplored. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) catalyze the sequential conversion of ornithine to putrescine and spermidine. We previously described that Leishmania donovani Δodc and Δspdsyn mutants exhibit markedly reduced growth in vitro and diminished infectivity in mice, with the effect being most pronounced in putrescine-depleted Δodc mutants. Here, we report that in polyamine-free media, ∆odc mutants arrested proliferation and replication, while ∆spdsyn mutants showed a slow growth and replication phenotype. Starved ∆odc parasites also exhibited a marked reduction in metabolism, which was not observed in the starved ∆spdsyn cells. In contrast, both mutants displayed mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization. Hallmarks of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and membrane modifications, were observed in Δodc mutants incubated in polyamine-free media. These results show that putrescine depletion had an immediate detrimental effect on cell growth, replication, and mitochondrial metabolism and caused an apoptosis-like death phenotype. Our findings establish ODC as the most promising therapeutic target within the polyamine biosynthetic pathway for treating leishmaniasis.
Engineering Properties of Cement Mortars Made with Television Plastic Shell Waste (TPSW)
Authors: Hung Chang-Chi , Wu Chung-Hao , Wang Her-Yung , Lo Chun-Fu , Wang Chien-Chih , Tsi Shen-Lun
Published: December 2024

This study explores a sustainable method for recycling television plastic shell waste (TPSW) by using it as a partial replacement for sand in cement mortar production. By evaluating water-cement ratios (0.4, 0.5, 0.6) and TPSW levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%), the research assesses key properties such as slump, compressive strength, and durability. Results show that TPSW absorbs less water than natural sand, increasing the number of pores and slightly reducing strength. However, a 5% substitution led to minimal performance loss after 91 days, while improving sulfate resistance and resistivity. Overall, incorporating 5% TPSW reduces environmental impact and carbon emissions, offering a sustainable solution for cement production.
On the Focus and Development Trend of the Translation and External Dissemination of Chinese Classics: Cluster Analysis and Heatmap Construction of Publication Data in WOS Over the Past Decade (2013--2023)
Authors: Xiong Xin
Published: December 2024

Chinese classics carry traditional Chinese culture, including books and records, and gather the Chinese wisdom, values, and spirit that have been accumulated by the Chinese nation for thousands of years, which is an indispensable part of world civilization. As China becomes more involved in international political, economic, and cultural activities, the translation and external dissemination of Chinese cultural classics help deepen the international audience’s understanding and recognition of the mainstream values of Chinese culture and China's propositions in various international affairs. To represent the research focus and development trend of the “translation and introduction” and “external dissemination” of Chinese classics and to discuss the inherent connection between the translation and dissemination of Chinese classics, relevant literature collected from 2013--2023 was retrieved by the keyword “Chinese classics” in the advanced search interface of the Web of Science (WOS). The function of cluster analysis and the construction of the heatmap in the open-source statistical software R studio revealed that there was a mismatch in the research focus between the translation and external dissemination of Chinese classics. Translation focuses on philosophical research at the cross-cultural level, whereas dissemination focuses more on exploring the translation of works at the literary level.
Researching Zero-Knowledge Proof in Blockchain Ecosystems for Enhanced Voting Transparency in Catalyst Voting Process—A Potential Application
Authors: Ekpenyong Edet , Obu Ubio , Achi Godspower Emmanuel , Umoh Clement , Peter Duke , Obu Udoma
Published: December 2024

In blockchain ecosystems, maintaining transparency and privacy has become an ethical dilemma. This is because, while certain specific information of the user is shared to ensure transparency of transactions across networks, such information could be detrimental to the user, as there is a possibility of it being tampered with. For instance, in the Catalyst voting process in Cardano, users can still see the amount of ADA tokens being held by other users, which can influence their voting options, especially when large ADA holders vote in support of certain ideas or proposals. To discourage such challenges as voter manipulation and vote buying, this study proposed the implementation of zero-knowledge proof in blockchain ecosystems to enhance the transparency of the catalyst voting process and enhance efficiency and speed of result release. Using survey questionnaire and a multivocal literature review, this study was able to proof that ZKP cannot only be applied in the catalyst voting process to enhance its transparency, but also addressed potential challenges to its applications such as scalability, encourage trust and fairness of the voting system, and improve voter participation due to its user-friendliness.
Remote Sensing Applications in the Dead Sea Region: Insights, trends and Advances
Authors: Closson Damien , Djamil Al-Halbouni
Published: December 2024

The Dead Sea region, characterized by its hypersaline conditions, significant base-level fluctuations, and active tectonic processes, presents a uniquely challenging environment for geological and geophysical studies. Recent advancements in remote sensing techniques have opened new avenues for exploring and understanding the complex subsurface dynamics. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies that employed diverse remote sensing methods to investigate the geomorphological, tectonic, and hydrological processes shaping the Dead Sea region. The studies underscore the effective use of drone-based photogrammetry, frequency domain electromagnetic methods, and integrated geophysical techniques, providing comprehensive insights into the subsurface geology and the mechanisms driving environmental changes. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges posed by sinkhole formation to major industrial operations in the region and how remote sensing has been pivotal in monitoring and mitigating these hazards. The successful integration of these methods demonstrates their potential in overcoming the limitations imposed by the extreme conditions of the Dead Sea, delivering valuable data for both scientific inquiry and environmental management.
Differentiation of isomeric TAT1-CARNOSINE peptides by Energy-Resolved Mass Spectrometry and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Maroto Alicia , Briand Olivier , Distefano Alessia , Arioz Filiz , Monasson Olivier , Peroni Elisa , Grasso Giuseppe , Enjalbal Christine , Memboeuf Antony
Published: December 2024

L-Carnosine (Car) is an endogenous dipeptide with high potential for drug discovery approaches in neurogenerative diseases, whereas TAT1 is a small arginine-rich peptide derived from the HIV-1 trans-activator protein (TAT) known to stimulate proteasome activity. Three isomeric peptides were synthetised by adding the Car moiety to the TAT1 sequence at the C- and N-termini and in the middle of the peptide sequence. High-resolution and energy-resolved CID MS/MS experiments were performed to differentiate the three isomeric peptides. At first glance, the obtained MS/MS spectra showed a high degree of similarity between the peptides. A wealth of low-intensity fragment ions peaks resulting mainly from arginine-specific neutral losses, which are useless for structural elucidation, or peaks that cannot be easily assigned were observed. Energetic study was also non-conclusive with that respect. However, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the three peptides could be clearly distinguished when the entire MS/MS spectra were considered rather than just the intensity of the precursor ions peak. Interestingly, the PCA loadings revealed the characteristic fragment ions of each peptide (although with smaller intensities) providing hints on consecutive fragmentation patterns. Some of these specific peaks could also be assigned to scrambling during fragmentation. These results demonstrate the potential of PCA as a simple chemometric tool for semi-automated peak identification in complex MS/MS spectra.