bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable Transdiagnostic Early Assessment of Mental Health (STREAM): a study protocol
Authors: Williams Elin H , Thompson Nicholas M , McCray Gareth , Crespo-Llado Maria M , Bhavnani Supriya , Gajria Diksha , Mukherjee Debarati , Del Bianco Teresa , Lockwood-Estrin Georgia , Mason Luke , Ngoma Vukiwe , Namathanga Chisomo , Nkhata Richard , Bennie Allan , Ranjan Alok , Kawelama Ulemu , Midha Naina , Singh Anindita , Mpakiza Innocent , Gautam Akshat , Gulati Sheffali , Johnson Mark H , Lancaster Gillian , Belmonte Matthew K , Jones Emily , Patel Vikram , Chandran Sharat , Mbale Emmie , Divan Gauri , Gladstone Melissa , Chakrabarti Bhismadev
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Early childhood development forms the foundations for functioning later in life. Thus, accurate monitoring of developmental trajectories is critical. However, such monitoring often relies on time-intensive assessments which necessitate administration by skilled professionals. This difficulty is exacerbated in low-resource settings where such professionals are predominantly concentrated in urban and often private clinics, making them inaccessible to many. This geographic and economic inaccessibility contributes to a significant ‘detection gap’ where many children who might benefit from support remain undetected. The Scalable Transdiagnostic Early Assessment of Mental Health (STREAM) project aims to bridge this gap by developing an open-source, scalable, tablet-based platform administered by non-specialist workers to assess motor, social and cognitive developmental status. The goal is to deploy STREAM through public health initiatives, maximising opportunities for effective early interventions.

Methods and analysis

The STREAM project will enrol and assess 4000 children aged 0–6 years from Malawi (n=2000) and India (n=2000). It integrates three established developmental assessment tools measuring motor, social and cognitive functioning using gamified tasks, observation checklists, parent-report and audio-video recordings. Domain scores for motor, social and cognitive functioning will be developed and assessed for their validity and reliability. These domain scores will then be used to construct age-adjusted developmental reference curves.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from local review boards at each site (India: Sangath Institutional Review Board; All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) Ethics Committee; Indian Council of Medical Research—Health Ministry Screening Committee; Malawi: College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee; Malawi Ministry of Health—Blantyre District Health Office). The study adheres to Good Clinical Practice standards and the ethical guidelines of the 6th (2008) Declaration of Helsinki. Findings from STREAM will be disseminated to participating families, healthcare professionals, policymakers, educators and researchers, at local, national and international levels through meetings, academic journals and conferences.
Predictive values of indirect ultrasound signs for low risk of acute appendicitis in paediatric patients without visualisation of the appendix on ultrasound
Authors: Pernía Juan , Cancho Teresa , Segovia Inés , de Ponga Pilar , Granda Elena , Velasco Roberto
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives

The ability to rule appendicitis in or out using ultrasound is limited by studies where the appendix is not visualised. We determined whether the absence of indirect ultrasound signs can rule out appendicitis in children undergoing a radiology-performed ultrasound in which the appendix is not visualised

Methods

This was a single-centre retrospective observational study of patients aged 3–13 with a clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis evaluated in a Paediatric Emergency Department in Spain from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019. For those patients who had formal ultrasound, direct and indirect findings of ultrasound were abstracted from the ultrasound report. The surgical pathology report was established as the gold standard in patients who underwent an appendectomy. In those who did not, appendicitis was considered not to be present if there was no evidence in their charts that they had undergone an appendectomy or conservative therapy for appendicitis during the episode. The main outcome variable was the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. For patients undergoing ultrasound, the independent association of each indirect ultrasound sign with the diagnosis of appendicitis in patients without a visualised appendix was analysed using logistic regression.

Results

We included 1756 encounters from 1609 different episodes. Median age at the first visit of each episode was 10.1 years (IQR, 7.7–11.9) and 921 (57.2%) patients were men. There were 730 (41.6%) encounters with an Alvarado score ≤3, 695 (39.6%) with a score 4–6 and 331 (18.9%) with a score ≥7. Appendicitis was diagnosed in 293 (17.8%) episodes. Ultrasonography was performed in 1115 (61.6%) encounters, with a visualised appendix in 592 (53.1%).

The ultrasound findings independently associated with appendicitis in patients without a visualised appendix were the presence of free intra-abdominal fluid in a small quantity (OR:5.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 14.6)) or in an abundant quantity (OR:30.9 (95% CI 3.8 to 252.7)) and inflammation of the peri-appendiceal fat (OR:7.2 (95% CI 1.4 to 38.0)). The absence of free fluid and inflammation of the peri-appendiceal fat ruled out acute appendicitis in patients with an Alvarado score <7 with a sensitivity of 84.6% (95% CI 57.8 to 95.7) and a negative predictive value of 99.4% (95% CI 97.8 to 99.8).

Conclusions

Patients with an Alvarado score <7 and without a visualised appendix on ultrasound but who lack free fluid and inflammation of the peri-appendiceal fat are at very low risk of acute appendicitis.
Medium-term storage of frozen residual antenatal sera in gel separator tube is suitable for subsequent serological investigation of intrauterine infection
Authors: Ng Weiling , Tan Ter Yong , Chow Xin Yu Venessa , Lim Siew Hoon , Wan Wei Yee
Published: June 2024

Aim

We assessed the feasibility of storing sera in primary gel separator tube over medium-term for retrospective serological tests to facilitate investigation of intra-uterine infection.

Method

120 residual serum samples, consisting of 30 positive samples each for rubella, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and varicella zoster IgG were aliquoted into secondary propylene tubes and stored together with the original primary tubes at −20°C for 1 year. The serum was subsequently retested to compare results from both storage methods.

Results

Haemolysis was observed in 49.2% of serum stored in the primary tubes. However, there was no difference in both the qualitative and quantitative results after storage of serum samples in either receptacle.

Conclusion

Sera can be stored in primary blood tube for up to 1 year without affecting serological results. For laboratories with adequate freezer space to store samples in primary blood tubes, this would streamline workflow saving manpower and time, avoid mislabelling of aliquots, reduce consumable costs and prevent unnecessary biohazard exposures.
Return to practice for allied health professionals with protected characteristics: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Atwal Anita , Sriram Vimal , Brice Jos
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Return to practice is one mechanism for recruiting and retaining allied health professionals (AHPs) within the health and care workforce in England. It is not known how this affects persons with protected characteristics.

Aim

To understand experiences of AHPs with protected characteristics of returning to the workforce through a return to practice programme.

Method

A QUAL (semistructured interviews) + qual (focus group interviews) mixed-methods study. 12 online semistructured interviews with return to practice AHPs, followed by 2 online focus groups.

Results

Our research identifies a new type of returners who have to use the return to practice programme as a vehicle to step into health and social care as they have not been able to find employment. A main driver to return to practice was financial reason.

Conclusion

To date there, is little evidence of leaders understanding the complexities of AHPs in a return to practice programme, the considerable contribution they can make to the workplace and the current inequities that exist.
Modeling slough crayfish populations in response to hydrologic variability
Authors: Sinnickson Dylan , Dorn Nathan J.
Published: June 2024

Understanding and predicting animal population dynamics as a function of hydrologic variation is critical for the management of freshwater ecosystems. Crayfish are important fauna supported by the hydro-dynamic freshwater wetlands of the Everglades. We modeled the complex relationships between slough crayfish ( Procambarus fallax) population densities and hydrologic conditions using a spatially and temporally extensive 21-year dataset. We applied linear mixed–effect models, a classification and regression tree (CART), and random forest (RF) algorithms to develop predictions and eco-hydrologic interpretations. The RF model demonstrated the greatest predictive ability ( R2 = 0.56) followed by linear mixed–effect models ( R2 = 0.45) and the regression tree ( R2 = 0.29). Primary effects of hydrologic terms were similar among models, but the RF model identified important nonlinear and threshold relationships. Lower average depths (appr. 30–60 cm) over the year prior to the sample, in conjunction with relatively long periods of inundation, and more recent depths >30 cm, were associated with greater crayfish densities. The three methods revealed consistent understanding of crayfish eco-hydrologic relations and provide insight for natural resource management.
CarbonScaler: Leveraging Cloud Workload Elasticity for Optimizing Carbon-Efficiency
Authors: Hanafy Walid A. , Liang Qianlin , Bashir Noman , Irwin David , Shenoy Prashant
Published: June 2024

Due to inherent variations in energy's carbon intensity, temporal shifting has become a key method in reducing the carbon footprint of batch workloads. However, temporally shifting workloads involves searching for periods with lower carbon intensity, which increases the workload's completion time. In this paper, we present CarbonScaler, a new approach that reduces carbon emissions of batch workloads without extending their completion time. Our approach relies on applications' ability to change their compute demand by scaling the workload based on fluctuations in energy's carbon intensity. We present a carbon-aware scheduling algorithm, a Kubernetes-based prototype, and an analytic tool to guide the carbon-efficient deployment of batch applications in the cloud. We evaluate CarbonScaler using real-world applications and show that it can yield 33% carbon savings without extending the completion time and up to 32% extra carbon savings over state-of-the-art suspend-resume policies when completion time is flexible.
Fair Resource Allocation in Virtualized O-RAN Platforms
Authors: Aslan Fatih , Iosifidis George , Ayala-Romero Jose A. , Garcia-Saavedra Andres , Costa-Perez Xavier
Published: June 2024

O-RAN systems in virtualized platforms (O-Cloud) offer performance boosts but also raise energy concerns. This paper assesses O-Cloud's energy costs and proposes energy-efficient policies for base station (BS) data loads and transport block (TB) sizes. These policies balance energy savings and performance fairly across servers and users. To handle the unknown and time-varying parameters affecting the policies, we develop a novel online learning framework with fairness guarantees that apply to the entire operation horizon of the system (long-term fairness).
Learning the Optimal Control for Evolving Systems with Converging Dynamics
Authors: Liu Qingsong , Fang Zhixuan
Published: June 2024

We consider a principle or controller that can pick actions from a fixed action set to control an evolving system with converging dynamics. The converging dynamics means that, if the principle holds the same action, the system will asymptotically converge to a unique stable state determined by this action. In our model, the dynamics of the system are unknown to the principle, and the principle can only receive bandit feedback (maybe noisy) on the impacts of his actions. The principle aims to learn which stable state yields the highest reward while adhering to specific constraints and to immerse the system into this state as quickly as possible. We measure the principle's performance in terms of regret and constraint violation. In cases where the action set is finite, we propose an algorithm Optimistic-Pessimistic Convergence and Confidence Bounds (OP-C2B) that ensures sublinear regret and constraint violation simultaneously. Particularly, OP-C2B achieves logarithmic regret and constraint violation when the system convergence rate is linear or superlinear. Furthermore, we generalize our algorithm OP-C2B to the case of an infinite action set and demonstrate its ability to maintain sublinear regret and constraint violation.
Sampling for Remote Estimation of the Wiener Process over an Unreliable Channel
Authors: Pan Jiayu , Sun Yin , Shroff Ness B.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study a sampling problem where a source takes samples from a Wiener process and transmits them through a wireless channel to a remote estimator. Due to channel fading, interference, and potential collisions, the packet transmissions are unreliable and could take random time durations. Our objective is to devise an optimal causal sampling policy that minimizes the long-term average mean square estimation error. This optimal sampling problem is a recursive optimal stopping problem, which is generally quite difficult to solve. However, we prove that the optimal sampling strategy is, in fact, a simple threshold policy where a new sample is taken whenever the instantaneous estimation error exceeds a threshold. This threshold remains a constant value that does not vary over time. By exploring the structure properties of the recursive optimal stopping problem, a low-complexity iterative algorithm is developed to compute the optimal threshold. This work generalizes previous research by incorporating both transmission errors and random transmission times into remote estimation. Numerical simulations are provided to compare our optimal policy with the zero-wait and age-optimal policies.
Server Saturation in Skewed Networks
Authors: Goldsztajn Diego , Borst Sem C. , van Leeuwaarden Johan S. H.
Published: June 2024

We use bipartite graphs to model compatibility constraints that arise between tasks and servers in data centers, cloud computing systems and content delivery networks. We prove that servers with skewed graph neighborhoods saturate with tasks in a limiting regime. The neighborhood of a server is skewed if it contains a diverging number of dispatchers with uniformly bounded degrees.
Fabrication of Microporous Palladium by Selective Anodic Dissolution of Ag-Pd Alloy in Alkali Chlorides Melt
Authors: Sitnikov L. V. , Kulik N. P. , Tkachev N. K. , Shurov N. I. , Pankratov A. A. , Antonov B. D. , Starostin G. N. , Chernyshev A. A.
Published: June 2024

The electrochemical dealloying of Ag40Pd60 alloy in (LiCl)57(CsCl)26(KCl)17 melt with the addition of 3 mol% silver chloride has been studied. Selective anodic dissolution of the alloy was carried out both in the potentiostatic and in galvanostatic regimes at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C. The obtained voltammetry characteristics of the initial alloy, chronoamperograms and chronopotentiogram during the dealloying are presented and discussed. At a temperature near 500 °C, the second maximum was observed in the chronoamperograms at two different values of the set potential. The unusual shape of the current curves is due to the superposition of several diffusion processes, which intensities in this case are greater than at lower temperatures. Bi-continuous structures of practically pure palladium with pores and ligaments of sizes ranging from a few to tens of micrometers were obtained in the potentiostatic regime. As the dealloying temperature increased, the sizes of pores and ligaments increased naturally. The same effect was also caused by the increase in applied potential. In the galvanostatic mode similar metallic structures were obtained, but the residual silver content reached 5%, and, in addition, the effects of samples sintering appeared.
Review—Electrochemical Biosensors for Alpha-Fetoprotein Detection: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Raziyan Motahareh Sadat , Palevicius Arvydas , Janusas Giedrius
Published: June 2024

Given the multitude of global health concerns, it is crucial to promptly and precisely identify biomarkers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in order to facilitate the early identification and treatment of diverse illnesses, with a special emphasis on cancer. Conventional detection techniques often exhibit limitations in terms of intricacy, temporal requirements, and ease of use, underscoring the pressing want for inventive resolutions. The use of electrochemical biosensors has shown great potential in the field of AFP detection, because they provide efficient, highly responsive, and economically viable detection capabilities. This study examines current advancements in electrochemical biosensors specifically designed for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), with a focus on the incorporation of state-of-the-art materials, sophisticated manufacturing methods, and novel biorecognition approaches. This study seeks to meet the urgent need for dependable and easily available diagnostic tools in the worldwide battle against cancer and other illnesses by offering a thorough examination of the current advancements in electrochemical biosensors. By making progress in AFP detection technologies, our goal is to have a positive impact on healthcare outcomes, improve illness management, and eventually reduce the global burden of disease.
Enantioanalysis of Leucine and Arginine: A Key Factor in Lung Cancer Metabolomics
Authors: Comnea-Stancu Ionela Raluca , Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , van Staden Jacobus (Koos) Frederick
Published: June 2024

Metabolomics has become a key factor for identifying new biomarkers able to be used for early diagnosis of cancer. A zinc oxide-α-cyclodextrin nanocarbon nanocomposite 3D stochastic microsensor (α-CD/ZnO/nanoC) was designed and integrated into an intelligent 3D stochastic enantioselective platform for the enantioanalysis of arginine and leucine in whole blood samples. The α-CD/ZnO/nanoC pastes were morphologicaly characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. L-Leucine was determined on a working concentration range between 1 × 10−11–1 × 10−8 mol l−1 with a limit of detection of 3 × 10−12 mol l−1; D-leucine was determined on a working concentration range between 1 × 10−16–1 × 10−11 mol l−1 with a limit of detection of 3 × 10−17 mol l−1; L-arginine was determined on a working concentration range between 1 × 10−12–1 × 10−9 mol l−1 with a limit of detection of 3 × 10−13 mol l−1; D-arginine was determined on a working concentration range between 1 × 10−14–1 × 10−11 mol l−1 with a limit of detection of 3 × 10−15 mol l−1. High sensitivities, selectivities, and enantioselectivities were recorded when the platform was used for the enantioanalysis of arginine and leucine. High recoveries were recorded at the enantioanalysis of arginine/leucine, with low relative standard deviations.
Influence of Nitrogen Position on the Electrocatalytic Performance of B,N-Codoped Carbon Quantum Dots for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Syahputra Suanto , Sgreccia Emanuela , Nallayagari Ashwini Reddy , Vacandio Florence , Kaciulis Saulius , Di Vona Maria Luisa , Knauth Philippe
Published: June 2024

Nanocomposites containing B,N-codoped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and an anion exchange ionomer based on poly(2,6-dimethylpolyphenyleneoxide) with trimethylammonium groups on long side chains (PPO-LC) were studied as catalytic electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The objective was to reveal the impact of graphitic vs pyridinic/pyrrolic nitrogen on the ORR electrocatalysis. The CQDs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscpy to ascertain the B and N content and their position. The electrodes were prepared by drop-casting an ink of CQDs and PPO-LC on acid-treated carbon paper support. Characterizations of the electrodes included water contact angle, capacitance measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectra as well as scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The onset and half-wave potentials, limiting current densities, Koutecky-Levich and Tafel plots revealed that the sample with only pyridinic/pyrrolic nitrogen showed the lowest electrocatalytic performance, underlining the importance of graphitic nitrogen for good ORR activity. Four-electron reduction was observed for the samples containing graphitic nitrogen. The onset potential (0.92 V/RHE) was among the best in the literature for carbonaceous materials. Finally, durability tests were performed indicating a good long-time stability of the electrodes; the electrode degradation was analyzed by impedance spectroscopy.
Electrochemistry in Action: Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Authors: Braun Trevor , Wallace Colleen , Pham Quoc , Nijhawan Sandeep , Alexander Christopher L.
Published: June 2024

Steel is one of the most manufactured materials in modern society, with 1.9 billion metric tons produced annually for use in building materials, vehicles, wind-turbines, and appliances, among many other applications. As you might expect for something so ubiquitous, the technology used to manufacture steel is also quite mature, having been first identified over 4,000 years ago and heavily industrialized in the 19th century. The general approach is to mine iron ore from the earth’s crust and refine that ore to metallic iron (i.e., ironmaking) which is then combined with carbon and other elements to make steel products (i.e., steelmaking). However, conventional steel manufacturing relies primarily on carbon-based fuels, such as coal, to create the high temperatures (≈ 1600°C) required for the process and can emit as much as 2.2 tons of CO2 per ton of crude steel produced.1 The iron ore reduction step accounts for 90% of CO2 emissions associated with steel production. The heightened effort to decarbonize industrial process and reverse climate change is putting pressure on this 600+ year-old technology to shift to lowcarbon alternatives, especially considering that the steel industry is responsible for ≈ 7% of all global CO2 emissions annually.
Exploring Dielectric Responses in Nano Kagome Bilayers Through Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Eraki H. , Kabouchi D. , Fadil Z. , Saber N. , El Fdil R. , Mhirech A. , Salmani E. , Alsayyari Abdulrahman A. , Saadaoui S. , Raorane Chaitany Jayprakash
Published: June 2024

This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the dielectric properties of a mixed nano Kagome lattice. The investigation explores the effects of exchange coupling interactions, temperature variations, and the crystalline field on blocking temperature and hysteresis loop characteristics. By conducting in-depth analysis and simulation, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the dielectric behavior within a mixed nano Kagome lattice. The dielectric response in a nano Kagome lattice has potential applications in spintronics and nanotechnology.
Liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx restore normal venular permeability and shear stress sensitivity in sepsis: assessed quantitatively with a novel microchamber system
Authors: Ishiko Shinya , Koller Akos , Deng Wensheng , Huang An , Sun Dong
Published: June 2024

In sepsis, the degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx leads to increased venular permeability. In this study, we developed a potentially new therapeutic approach by in vivo administration of liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx to mice, which restored venular sensitivity to wall shear stress and permeability in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis, likely by restoring the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx. Using a new microchamber system, the permeability of Evans blue dye could be quantitatively determined.
Longitudinal decline in peak V̇o2 with aging in a healthy population is associated with a reduction in peripheral oxygen utilization but not in cardiac output
Authors: AlGhatrif Majd , Morrell Christopher H. , Fleg Jerome L. , Chantler Paul D. , Najjar Samer S. , Becker Lewis C. , Ferrucci Luigi , Gerstenblith Gary , Lakatta Edward G.
Published: June 2024

The age-associated decline in aerobic exercise performance over an average of 13 yr in community-dwelling healthy individuals is more closely associated with decreased peripheral oxygen utilization rather than decreased cardiac output. This association was more evident in older than younger individuals. These findings suggest that future studies with larger samples examine whether these associations vary across the age range and whether the decline in cardiac output plays a greater role earlier in life. In addition, studies focused on determinants of peripheral oxygen uptake by exercising muscle may guide the selection of preventive strategies designed to maintain physical fitness with advancing age.
Fractional‐Order Delay Cobweb Model and Its Price Dynamics
Authors: Anokye Martin , Barnes Benedict , E. Assabil Samuel , Okyere Eric , A. Konadu Agnes
Published: June 2024

This study compares the price dynamics of a Caputo fractional order delay differential cobweb model with existing cobweb models that have conformable fractional derivatives, Caputo fractional derivatives, and nonsingular kernel fractional derivatives to determine the effect of the time delay parameter on commodity price, besides the positivity of the solution that was investigated. In contrast to previous research, the stability study shows the practical usefulness of our model since the literature’s various time intervals showed short‐term equilibrium price convergence but long‐term price divergence. The results showed that the time gap between supply and demand accounts for the noise associated with the fractional‐order time delay differential cobweb regarding convergence (or divergence), which is nonexistent in the literature models. It is observed in the paper that lower fractional order goes with a higher time delay, while we have the reverse for high fractional order. This depicts the realities of price behaviour in connection with the law of demand and supply of commodities that take a finite period for them to be ready for distribution to the market. It is, therefore, recommended that price adjustment models be modeled using fractional delay differential equations. The numerical simulations were done using MATLAB.
A Smart Wearable Device Using Graphene Material‐Based Sensor for Neonatal Respiration Monitoring
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Wang Zaihao , Bao Shenjie , Lu Chunmei , Pan Shaoxue , Wang Peng , Lu Hongbin , Shu Feng , Wang Laishuan , Chen Wei
Published: June 2024

Respiration monitoring is critical for the clinical treatment and nursing of neonates. Existing respiration monitoring protocols rely either on the indirect measurements of thoracic impedance or on other invasive techniques that pose a risk of discomfort and infection to infants. In addition, multiple wire loops around the infants hinder the delivery of parental and clinical care. Based on this demand, a graphene material‐based neonatal respiration monitoring device was proposed. The system has the advantages of precision, flexibility, less pressure on the neonatal body, and suitable for embedding in daily clothing. Performance parameters, including stress, sensitivity, stability, and response/relaxation time of the sensor, were tested. Furthermore, the feasibility of the system was tested on a total of six neonates at the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. The experimental results showed that the system had a strong correlation with the medical level multiparameter measurement equipment in respiratory measurement. Therefore, the system could serve as an alternative to the conventional respiratory monitoring system, making it a certain appeal in clinical and home applications.
The Effect of Colloids versus Crystalloids for Goal‐Directed Fluid Therapy on Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Niu Wang , Li Junyi , Wang Shouping
Published: June 2024

Background. Goal‐directed fluid therapy (GDFT) contributes to improvements in intraoperative fluid infusion based on objective parameters and has been widely recommended in clinical practice. In addition, increasing evidence reveals that GDFT can improve the prognosis of surgical patients. However, considering the individual characteristics of colloids and crystalloids in clinical use, it is uncertain as to which type of fluids administered is associated with better outcomes in the condition of GDFT. Objectives. To evaluate the effect of colloids versus crystalloids under GDFT on prognosis in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Data Sources. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, CNKI, Cochrane library, and reference lists of relevant articles. Methods. Two investigators independently screened and reviewed studies for inclusion and performed data extraction. Our primary outcome was a composite of postoperative complications. The secondary outcomes were (1) mortality at the follow‐up duration; (2) postoperative complications of several organ systems, including cardiac, pulmonary, digestive, urinary, nervous system, and postoperative infection events; and (3) hospital and ICU length of stay. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 and chi‐square tests. The odds ratio (OR) of the dichotomous data, mean difference (MD) of continuous data, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the pooled data. Results. Of 332 articles retrieved, 15 RCTs (involving 2,956 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery) were included in the final analysis. When the data were pooled, patients in the colloids and crystalloids group revealed no difference in postoperative composite complications (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.51–1.38, P = 0.49) under GDFT. Regarding the secondary outcomes, patients in the colloids group were associated with fewer digestive system complications (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41–0.98, P = 0.04). However, no difference was found in mortality (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.72–2.58, P = 0.34), complications of the cardiac system (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.66‐3.37, P = 0.34), pulmonary system (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.62–1.28, P = 0.53), urinary system (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.61‐1.80, P = 0.87), nervous system (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.55–1.98, P = 0.90), postoperative infection events (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.75–1.07, P = 0.22), length of hospital stay (difference in mean = −0.71, 95% CI = −1.49–0.07, P = 0.07), and ICU stay (difference in mean = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.20–0.18, P = 0.95) between patients receiving GDFT with colloids or crystalloids. Conclusion. There is no evidence of a benefit in using colloids over crystalloids under GDFT in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, despite its use resulting in lower digestive system complications.
Figure 4 from Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Differentiates Glioblastoma Metabolic Subtypes and Detects Early Response to Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Low Jacob C.M. , Cao Jianbo , Hesse Friederike , Wright Alan J. , Tsyben Anastasia , Alshamleh Islam , Mair Richard , Brindle Kevin M.
Published: June 2024

Spectroscopic measurements of the effects of chemoradiation on glucose metabolism in tumor models representative of the glycolytic and mitochondrial subtypes. Serial 5-minute tumor 2H spectra were acquired following an i.v. injection of [6,6′-2H2]glucose in two glycolytic subtypes of GBM (A11 and U87; A–H) and two mitochondrial subtypes (S2 and AT5; I–P) before and 24 hours after targeted chemoradiotherapy. Measurements of 2H-labeled lactate and Glx in serial 5-minute spectra acquired from tumor-bearing animals pre- and posttreatment of A11 (A and B), U87 (C and D), S2 (I and J), and AT5 (K and L) tumors. The concentrations of 2H-labeled lactate and Glx measured between 20 and 65 minutes following [6,6′-2H2]glucose injection were compared pre- and posttreatment in A11 (E and F), U87 (G and H), S2 (M and N), and AT5 (O and P) tumor–bearing animals. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; ****, P < 0.0001.
Supplementary Tables from Oncogene-Driven Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers in Patients with a History of Smoking Lack Smoking-Induced Mutations
Authors: Huang Chen-Yang , Jiang Nanhai , Shen Meixin , Lai Gillianne G. , Tan Aaron C. , Jain Amit , Saw Stephanie P. , Ang Mei Kim , Ng Quan Sing , Lim Darren W. , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Tan Eng Huat , Tan Wan Ling , Ong Boon-Hean , Chua Kevin L. , Anantham Devanand , Takano Angela M. , Lim Kiat Hon , Tam Wai Leong , Sim Ngak Leng , Skanderup Anders J. , Tan Daniel S. , Rozen Steven G.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Tables
Supplementary Figures 1 from Mutation Patterns Predict Drug Sensitivity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Qin Guangrong , Dai Jin , Chien Sylvia , Martins Timothy J. , Loera Brenda , Nguyen Quy H. , Oakes Melanie L. , Tercan Bahar , Aguilar Boris , Hagen Lauren , McCune Jeannine , Gelinas Richard , Monnat Raymond J. , Shmulevich Ilya , Becker Pamela S.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figures S1-S8
Supplementary Data 9 from Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Alters Clinical Diagnoses in a Significant Fraction of Tumors Suspicious of Sarcoma
Authors: Öfverholm Ingegerd , Wallander Karin , Haglund Cecilia , Chellappa Venkatesh , Wejde Johan , Gellerbring Anna , Wirta Valtteri , Renevey Annick , Caceres Eva , Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Mayrhofer Markus , Papakonstantinou Andri , Linder-Stragliotto Christina , Bränström Robert , Larsson Olle , Lindberg Johan , Lin Yingbo , Haglund de Flon Felix
Published: June 2024

Table S9
Supplementary Data 6 from Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Alters Clinical Diagnoses in a Significant Fraction of Tumors Suspicious of Sarcoma
Authors: Öfverholm Ingegerd , Wallander Karin , Haglund Cecilia , Chellappa Venkatesh , Wejde Johan , Gellerbring Anna , Wirta Valtteri , Renevey Annick , Caceres Eva , Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Mayrhofer Markus , Papakonstantinou Andri , Linder-Stragliotto Christina , Bränström Robert , Larsson Olle , Lindberg Johan , Lin Yingbo , Haglund de Flon Felix
Published: June 2024

Table S6
Supplementary Table 2 from Co-occurring EGFR p.E709X Mutation Mediates Primary Resistance to the Third-Generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR p.G719X-Mutant Patients with Advanced NSCLC
Authors: Pang Lanlan , Huang Yihua , Zhuang Weitao , Zhang Yaxiong , Liao Jun , Hao Yue , Hao Feng , Wang Guoqian , Chen Ze-xin Chase , Zhu Yu , Li Mengzhen , Song Zhengbo , Deng Bo Peng , Li Jing , Zhang Li , Fang Wenfeng
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Table 2. Baseline characteristics of treatment-naive patients diagnosed with NSCLC who harbored EGFR G719X mutation in SYSUCC cohort (n=48)
Factors contributing to fourth graders’ mathematics achievement: a multilevel study
Authors: Rasmuin Rasmuin , Retnawati Heri , Kartianom Kartianom , Kassymova Gulzhaina K.
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the mathematics achievement of grade 4 students in Indonesia at the student and school level using Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 data. Sample in this study were all grade 4 students in Indonesia who participated in TIMSS 2015. There are 4,025 students from 230 schools. The TIMSS 2015 data used in this study was analyzed using a multilevel model (MLM) using the R package ‘lme4’ software. The results of this study indicate that i) the school visited by each student accounts for the majority of the variance in the mathematics achievement of Indonesian grade 4 students (51%); ii) factors related to students’ self-construction of mathematics such as attitude-toward mathematics (ATM) and self-concept and factors related to schools such as socioeconomic status (SES) school, self-concept school, school readiness, general school resources, and teacher education level was found to influence students’ mathematics achievement positively and significantly, where self-concept school was the strongest predictor compared to other predictors; and iii) variables at the student and school level explain 35% of the total variance in Indonesian grade 4 students’ mathematics achievement.
Amalgamation evaluation model design based on modification weighted product-Provus-Alkin-Rwa Bhineda
Authors: Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra , Suyasa P Wayan Arta , Ariawan I Putu Wisna
Published: June 2024

The new normal era allowed learning at IT vocational schools to be carried out directly (synchronously) through online meeting platforms and indirectly (asynchronously) through email, WhatsApp groups, and learning management system (LMS). However, the reality showed that not all synchronous and asynchronous learning implementations were effective. Based on these problems, it was necessary to evaluate and used an appropriate evaluation model. A breakthrough was used, namely the Amalgamation evaluation model based on the modification of the weighted product with the Provus and Alkin models in view of the Rwa Bhineda concept. The purpose of this research was to show the Amalgamation evaluation model design based on weighted product modification with the Provus and Alkin models in view of the Rwa Bhineda concept as the basis for determining the dominant indicators that need to be maintained for the synchronous-asynchronous learning effectiveness. This research used a development approach that focused on the design, initial trial, and initial trial revision. The analysis of this study results used a quantitative descriptive technique, namely the percentage descriptive calculation. This research results showed the evaluation model design was good categorized as evidenced by the average percentage of effectiveness was 88.67%. The emerging significance and value of this research results was the existence of innovation in the educational evaluation field, which makes it easier for evaluators to determine the dominant indicators that need to be maintained in supporting the effectiveness of synchronous-asynchronous learning implementation in IT vocational schools generally, and specifically in IT vocational schools in Bali.
Online cooperative learning: exploring perspectives of preservice teachers after the pandemic
Authors: Chakyarkandiyil Nisha , Prakasha G. S.
Published: June 2024

Mainly, research has explored pre-service teachers’ perspectives toward cooperative learning within face-to-face teaching. However, in a postpandemic scenario, previous research has yet to effectively explore preservice teachers’ (PSTs) perspectives toward online cooperative learning (OCL) in teacher education programs. So, recognizing the gap in the literature, this paper aims to explore the perspectives of PSTs towards OCL. The researchers employed a qualitative research design for the present study. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 PSTs who underwent OCL during the pandemic. These PSTs may possess digital proficiency, virtual collaboration abilities, flexibility in evolving educational environments, and an enhanced understanding of online cooperative learning methodologies within modern education. Researchers employed a thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative data obtained. The various themes that emerged from the study are perceived benefits of OCL, challenges to OCL, technological proficiency, learning strategies and support, and building a supportive online learning community. Future researchers may contribute to advancing effective online learning practices by gaining a deeper understanding of pre-service teachers’ perspectives towards OCL through research on a larger scale, including various teacher education programs in various countries.
Meeting students’ needs: teachers’ practice of multiple intelligences in English as second language classrooms
Authors: Ariffin Kamisah , Husin Misyana Susanti , De Mello Geraldine , Ibrahim Mohammad Nor Afandi , Omar Nur Hidayatulshima , Ishak Nurhamizah
Published: June 2024

The multiple intelligence (MI) theory suggests that students learn in different ways based on their intelligence strengths, thus, proposes teachers employ a variety of intelligences to engage students in the teaching and learning process. This study explores the application of MI in the Malaysian English as second language (ESL) classrooms and the extent to which teachers provide instructions that meet the needs of the students in the classroom. Data were procured from a survey questionnaire that gauged teachers’ teaching activities in ESL classrooms under Gardner’s eight constructs of MI: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalist, and musical. Descriptive statistics using mean score and independent sample t-test was employed in the data analysis procedures. The findings reveal that only 58% of the teachers had knowledge of the MI theory, with only 12% having received formal pedagogical training on MI. In addition, the eight intelligences were not practiced equally. Interpersonal, linguistic, intrapersonal, and spatial intelligences seemed to be the most common strategies employed by teachers in their teaching as these MI are usually measured in the standardized tests while naturalistic and musical intelligences were the least frequently integrated as they are not included in the assessment scale in ESL. Such findings have significant pedagogical implications as classroom teachers should acknowledge the different levels of strengths and motivations in learning among the students. The study highlights the need to provide teachers with training and integrating personalized learning, utilizing students’ strong aspects, and employing a variety of teaching methods in the classroom.
Emotional intelligence of children with special needs using innovative technologies
Authors: Nurymov Yermek , Nasyrova Liliya
Published: June 2024

The research examines the emotional intelligence of school-age children in Kazakhstan and Russia and develops a set of strategies to teach students emotional intelligence. The study was conducted on the basis of the Weisinger’s five-dimensional model methodological framework based on the classical model of Coleman’s emotional intelligence. The research bases on data collected from 185 secondary school teachers in Kazakhstan and Russia who work with children with special needs. The participants filled out an 11-item questionnaire with 10 closed and 1 open-ended question. The results revealed that emotional intelligence played a vital role in the overall development of children, especially those with special needs. The level of emotional intelligence was also diagnosed in 264 sixth graders in the study region using the Weisinger Emotional Intelligence test twice; second test after one month of informational technologies for emotional intelligence improvement use. The results of the first test indicate a low level of emotional intelligence in the studied sample of children with disabilities (female=55.4, male=37.5); the result of the second test showed statistically significant small changes for the better (from 44.19 to 48.92 mean score in the sample).
Are students’ ethical beliefs in an academic setting related to ethical decision-making in the workplace?
Authors: Ratu Aurelius , Setyaningsih Yuni , Rai Ni Gusti Made , Rahmawati Deti , Savitri Eka Dian , Rahadiantino Lienggar , Prasetyo Banu
Published: June 2024

When academic integrity is maintained not only in the framework of education but also in professionals’ lives, educational institutions have a moral commitment to generate graduates of high quality for the greater community. Graduates are expected to be both competent and ethical in their professional lives. This study builds on previous academic integrity research to delve into students’ ethical decision-making in real-world situations. During regular class time, undergraduate students from public and private universities in Surabaya, Indonesia, were surveyed (N=496). Using a two-sample t-test approach, the current study found students’ perceptions of their ethical perspective and situations in the workplace differed from their perceptions of themselves in current academic environment. This finding is worrisome because students who perceive themselves as lacking moral consistency believe that they have strong ethical convictions. Even though there was evidence to back up Lawson’s claim that the usefulness of an action is more essential than its ethicality, a workplace ethical decision reveals an anomaly in the operation of ethical decision-making. This study highlights the significance of cultivating risk-related decision-making throughout the educational process and should be encouraged as positive stimulant that prepares students for the ethical difficulties of the professional world.
The landscape design in online education programs based on interactive technologies
Authors: Qiao Shubei , Larionova Nina , Kamarova Nagbdu , Grigoriev Alexander
Published: June 2024

This study aims to identify the problems that landscape design students face when using Zoom as an educational platform for distance learning purposes and determine their level of satisfaction with distance learning. The main research method was a Likert-scale survey used to assess students’ satisfaction with distance learning. The sample included 90 full-time students enrolled in the garden and landscape construction program. According to the students, the main difficulties in distance learning were systemic errors during the use of the platform. The results can help develop a set of measures to solve and alleviate the identified problems in the future. The findings will enhance the optimization of distance education in general. Future research can focus on the advantages and disadvantages of online educational platforms and explore how user-friendly they are for both students and faculty. Studies can also describe faculty barriers to quality online education and provide suggestions to create a comfortable learning experience for landscape students.
Challenges in engaging students with learning disabilities in food industry
Authors: Nik Othman Nik Norlaili Jamilah , Mohd Kamaruzaman Fathiyah , Rasul Mohamad Sattar
Published: June 2024

Students with learning disabilities (SLD) with potential for independent living and economic contribution can thrive by participating in technical and vocational programs tailored to the food industry. To ensure that SLDs do not lag behind a thorough comprehension of the challenges they confront is imperative for all stakeholders, including parents, instructors, and the government. Thus, the study investigated the challenges of engaging in vocational education for SLD. This study utilized systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, which synthesizes research findings to generate new insights and understandings. This study identified six challenges that students with learning disabilities must overcome before entering the workforce. The challenges are i) employment difficulties; ii) lack of resilience; iii) mismatch between special educational institution and industry needs; iv) curriculum deficiency for students with learning disabilities; v) lack of parental involvement and employer support; and vi) insufficient understanding of job descriptions in the food industry. Findings from this study provide valuable insights into the challenges faced by SLDs seeking to be part of the food industry. This knowledge can facilitate further research to develop job profiles that align with their unique abilities, ultimately fostering their success in careers and enriching their lives.