bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Filter Cloth Behavior on the Layout of Cake Forming Filters
Authors: Ehrfeld E.
Published: July 2010

In order to determine the exact influence of filter cloth behavior on the layout of cake forming filters, it is a requirement to carry out laboratory tests in an exact manner. Even if the separation characteristics of solid/liquid mixtures (suspensions) can be described theoretically, the most important parameters of the solid/liquid separation technique must still be determined by carrying out laboratory or field tests. In particular, the influence of the filter cloth on the filtration behavior has to be determined by means of test work with the respective suspension and with an appropriate laboratory test device. A method is described to determine the filter cloth resistance by lab‐scale tests under conditions close to reality. The test results are compared to typical characterization cloth data provided by manufacturers.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Lanthanoid—Cadmium Oxide Pnictides with the Tetragonal LaOAgS Structure.
Authors: Charkin D. O. , Berdonosov P. S. , Dolgikh V. A. , Lightfoot P.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Trisaccharide Glycolipid Biosurfactant Containing Trehalose Bears Ester‐Linked Hexanoate, Succinate, and Acyloxyacyl Moieties: NMR and MS Characterization of the Underivatized Structure.
Authors: Esch Steven Wynn , Morton Martha D. , Williams Todd D. , Buller Clarence S.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐4‐Methoxydalbergione via Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation.
Authors: Bissel Philippe , Nazih Abdesslame , Sablong Rafael , Lepoittevin Jean‐Pierre
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of C‐Glycosylangucycline, Urdamycinone B, Using an Unprotected Sugar.
Authors: Matsuo Goh , Miki Yuko , Nakata Masaya , Matsumura Shuichi , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of (+)‐Muconin
Authors: Yang Wen‐Qian , Kitahara Takeshi
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Avarol and Avarone.
Authors: Ling Taotao , Xiang Alan X. , Theodorakis Emmanuel A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 12‐epi‐PGF2α and 12,15‐diepi‐PGF2α.
Authors: Lai Sheng , Lee Dongreyoul , U Jong Sun , Cha Jin Kun
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oriented Ba2NaNb5O15 (BNN) Thin Films from an Alkoxy‐Derived Precursor.
Authors: Yogo Toshinobu , Sakamoto Wataru , Isaji Tadayuki , Ichida Masao , Nakamura Arao , Hirano Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deposition of Multifunctional Titania Ceramic Films by Aerosol Routes.
Authors: Yang Guixiang , Biswas Pratim , Boolchand Punit , Sabata Ashok
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Insertion Electrodes for Rechargeable Nonaqueous Batteries — A Competitive Alternative to Lithium?
Authors: Noval Petr , Imhof Roman , Haas Otto
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Relationship Among Chemical Element Properties, Bulk Additive Properties, and Crystal Structures of Binary Zinc Compounds
Authors: Wu Ping , Jin Hong Mei , Li Yi
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Process of Thermal Dissociation of Clathrates on the Base of Coordination Compounds
Authors: Logvinenko V. A. , Soldatov D. V.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Ketones with Low‐Valent Lanthanoids: Isolation and Reactivity of Lanthanoid Ketyl and Ketone Dianion Complexes
Authors: Hou Zhaomin , Wakatsuki Yasuo
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Color in Textile Effluents — Sources, Measurement, Discharge Consents and Simulation
Authors: O'Neill Cliona , Hawkes Freda R. , Hawkes Dennis L. , Lourenco Nidia D. , Pinheiro Helena M. , Delee Wouter
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Insecticides and Acaricides
Authors: Grapov A. F.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Tars to Products: How To Disentangle the Reactions of Nitrobenzenes with Nucleophiles
Authors: Paradisi Cristina , Scorrano Gianfranco
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of (η6‐Arene) Chromium Tricarbonyl Complexes in Organic Synthesis: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Lithiation
Authors: Rose‐Munch Francoise , Rose Eric
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products—Synthetic Exercises and Biological Activity
Authors: Winterfeldt Ekkehard
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Natural Products via Stereocontrolled Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction
Authors: Backvall Jan‐E.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones. High Oxidation State Ruthenium Compounds as Catalysts
Authors: Friedrich Holger B.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Integrated Approach to Organic‐based Molecular Magnetic Materials
Authors: Lahti Paul M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐dependent Regiospecificity in the Exchange Coupling of the Magnetic Metal Ion with the Free Radical Substituent on Pyridine Base Ligands: Approaches to Photomagnetic Molecular Devices
Authors: Koga Noboru , Iwamura Hiizu
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Nitroxide Networked Materials
Authors: Gatteschi Dante , Rey Paul
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Architectures and Magnetic Interactions in Crystalline α‐Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals
Authors: Veciana Jaume , Cirujeda Joan , Novoa Juan J. , Deumal Merce
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of the NN Triple Bond in Molecular Nitrogen: Toward Its Chemical Transformation into Organo‐nitrogen Compounds
Authors: Hidai Masanobu , Mizobe Yasushi
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Ozone Chemistry. Fundamentals and Synthetic Potentials
Authors: Griesbaum Karl
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Looking for Stable Carbenes: The Difficulty in Starting Anew
Authors: Arduengo III Anthony J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Interaction of Carbonyl Groups with Substituents
Authors: Wiberg Kenneth B.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Impact of Gender Difference on the Effects of Preinfarction Angina on Microvascular Damage With Reperfused Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hosokawa Shinobu , Hiasa Yoshikazu , Murakami Naotsugu , Tobbeto Yohei , Nakagawa Takafumi , Chen Pomin , Miyazaki Shin‐ichiro , Ogura Riyo , Mahara Keitaro , Miyajima Hitoshi , Yuba Kenichiro , Takahashi Takefumi , Kishi Koichi , Ohtani Ryuji
Published: July 2010

Background

Few studies have addressed gender differences in evoking preconditioning. In an experimental study, it was reported that the preconditioning effect disappeared after gonadectomy.

Objectives

We sought to determine the effects of preinfarction angina (PA) on myocardial damage using intravenous contrast echocardiography.

Methods

We studied 334 consecutive patients with anterior myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent successful angioplasty. All patients underwent myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) 14 days after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Contrast defect was calculated as contrast defect area/myocardial area. Typical angina occurring in the 24‐hour period preceding myocardial infarction was present in 133 patients (29 women) (group PA) and absent in 201 patients (43 women) (group non‐PA). All women were postmenopausal.

Results

The contrast defect size and peak creatinine phosphokinase (max CPK) level in women were both significantly higher than that of men in group PA (18.3% ± 6.3% vs 11.9% ± 9.0%; P < 0.01 and 5000 ± 599 IU/L vs 2672 ± 221 IU/L; P < 0.005). The functional status of the myocardium among group PA, as expressed by risk area wall motion score index, was better in men than in women at 14 days (1.1 ± 0.8 vs 1.7 ± 0.8; P < 0.01) and at 6 months (0.7 ± 0.4 vs 1.6 ± 0.6; P < 0.01). However there were no significant gender differences in group non‐PA. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the female gender (P < 0.05) was a significant independent predictor for microvascular damage.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that preconditioning effects were attenuated in women with reperfused AMI. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Very High Prevalence of Low HDL Cholesterol in Spanish Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Pintó Xavier , Millán Jesús , Muñoz Anna , Corbella Emili , Hernández‐Mijares Antonio , Zuñiga Manuel , Mangas Alipio , Pedro‐Botet Juan
Published: July 2010

Background

Total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations in coronary artery disease have progressively declined, although high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) has not always been evaluated. The prevalence and related factors of low HDL‐C in a cohort of Spanish patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) were assessed.

Methods

Clinical and laboratory data registered at admission and at discharge of 648 patients admitted to coronary care units of 6 Spanish hospitals for ACS between January 2004 and September 2007 were analyzed.

Results

Low HDL‐C (HDL‐C < 1.04 mmol/L) was observed in 367 (56.6%) patients. Male gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high body mass index, and triglycerides were related to low HDL‐C. Female gender was the strongest protective factor against low HDL‐C (0.619; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.410–0.934; P = 0.022), whereas high triglycerides (1.653; 95% CI: 1.323–2.064; P < 0.001) followed by previous ischemic disease (1.504; 95% CI: 1.073–2.110; P = 0.018) were the strongest factors associated with low HDL‐C. One‐third of patients were taking statins at admission, but only 2% were on fibrate therapy. A large increase in statin therapy, but not in other hypolipemiant drug therapy, between admission and discharge was noted in the whole cohort and among patients with low HDL‐C.

Conclusion

Spanish patients with ACS have a very high prevalence of low HDL‐C. Male gender, high triglycerides, and previous ischemic disease are strong, independent factors associated with this disorder. As low HDL‐C remains almost completely untreated in ACS, strategies to enhance the treatment of this lipoprotein abnormality are urgently required. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐Term Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Relation to Type 2 Diabetes and Other Risk Factors
Authors: Gruppetta Mark , Calleja Neville , Fava Stephen
Published: July 2010

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is well established as a short‐term prognostic indicator after myocardial infarction (MI), but little long‐term data are available.

Hypothesis

The objective of the study was to assess the impact of DM and other patient characteristics at baseline on long‐term mortality after acute MI.

Methods

Patients who were hospitalized with MI from December 1990 to November 1992 were recruited. Baseline data were recorded and patients were followed up through January 31, 2008, to assess their survival rates. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. The main outcome measure was long‐term survival (median 16.6 y).

Results

The study followed 337 patients (mean age 66.4 y, 61.1% men) for a median of 16.6 years. Using Cox regression analysis, survival was associated with history of MI (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.47, P = 0.016), DM at baseline (HR: 1.31, P = 0.038), and age (HR: 1.061 for each additional year, P < 0.001). By multivariable regression, cardiovascular mortality was also associated with previous MI (HR: 1.58, P = 0.017), DM at baseline (HR: 1.69, P = 0.001), and age (HR: 1.075 for each additional year, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the HRs for history of MI and history of DM.

Conclusions

Diabetic patients with MI have a higher long‐term all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Our data also show that in patients with MI, DM confers the same level of risk as a previous MI. This extends to patients with documented MI, our concept of diabetes being a coronary heart disease equivalent. Based on this and on data from the literature, we propose that it would be more accurate to consider DM as an MI equivalent rather than a coronary heart disease equivalent. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postconditioning the Human Heart in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Xue Feng , Yang Xiangjun , Zhang Bing , Zhao Caiming , Song Jianping , Jiang Tingbo , Jiang Wenping
Published: July 2010

Background

It has been proved in animal models that postconditioning (PC) could attenuate reperfusion injury. But there are not many clinical studies on the application of PC.

Hypothesis

Four cycles of 1‐minute balloon inflation and deflation, following initial balloon reperfusion in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) but before stenting, might improve clinical outcomes compared with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone.

Methods

Forty‐three patients diagnosed with acute MI were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the control group (n = 20) and the PC group (n = 23). Blood samples were obtained and assayed for creatine kinase MB (CK‐MB) and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and rest technetium Tc 99m‐sestamibi (99mTc‐MIBI) myocardial perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed.

Results

The control group presented with higher peak CK‐MB as compared with the PC group (351.9 ± 153.6 vs 247.7 ± 118.3 U/L, P = 0.028) as well as the area under the curve (AUC) of CK‐MB (8040 ± 3358 vs 5955 ± 2509, P = 0.04). After PCI, PC was associated with a lower level of hs‐CRP in comparison with the control group (5.5 ± 4.5 vs 9.5 ± 5.2 mg/L, P = 0.019). More patients in the PC group had complete ST‐segment resolution than did patients in the control group (82.6% vs 45.0%, P = 0.049). Left ventricle ejection fraction was better in the PC group than in the control group (0.57 ± 0.09 vs 0.47 ± 0.11, P = 0.002). Compared with the control group, PC greatly reduced infarct size, by 46% as measured by SPECT (13 ± 11.2% vs 24.2 ± 10.6%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

This study indicated that PC in emergent PCI was a valuable modification of primary PCI. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants
Authors: Richard Conti C.
Published: July 2010

Those of us who see patients with cardiovascular disorders frequently use antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents; the common agents are aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin. This editorial is a personal viewpoint about commonly used drugs, not so commonly used drugs, and drugs that are yet to be used clinically. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of Laccase from Coriolus versicolor and Its Application in Dye Decolorization in Combination with UV/H2O2 Technique
Authors: Damle A. J. , Shukla S. R.
Published: July 2010

The relative ability of Coriolus versicolor to grow on coir fiber as a ligninocellulosic material was examined. Addition of yeast extract to the culture increased laccase activity, which was further enhanced to the level of 1976 U/L by addition of 1 mM copper sulfate. Laccase thus produced was used without further purification for the decolorization of various dye solutions. Decolorization efficiency was compared with the conventional environment friendly oxidation technique using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of UV radiations. Laccase showed good decolorization in most of the cases. Excellent results were achieved when the dye solution was treated successively with laccase and UV/H2O2 wherein more than 80% decolorization was achieved. This value is remarkably higher than that attained either by the enzyme or UV/H2O2 photolysis alone.
Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of 3H‐Pyrrolo[3,2‐f]quinolin‐9‐one Derivatives That Show Potent and Selective Anti‐leukemic Activity
Authors: Ferlin Maria Grazia , Bortolozzi Roberta , Brun Paola , Castagliuolo Ignazio , Hamel Ernest , Basso Giuseppe , Viola Giampietro
Published: July 2010

A series of new substituted 7‐phenyl‐3H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐f]quinolin‐9‐ones were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. The most active derivatives showed high selectivity against human leukemia cell lines and potently inhibited their growth, with GI50 values in the nanomolar range. The active compounds strongly blocked tubulin assembly and colchicine binding to tubulin. Their activities were equal to or greater than that of the reference compound combretastatin A‐4. Flow cytometry studies showed that the two most active compounds arrested Jurkat cells in the G2/M cell‐cycle phase in a concentration‐dependent manner. This effect was associated with apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, generation of reactive oxygen species, activation of caspase‐3, and cleavage of the enzyme poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase.
Sequential magnetic resonance imaging of cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Jian Z. , Mayr Nina A. , Zhang Dongqing , Li Kaile , Grecula John C. , Montebello Joseph F. , Lo Simon S. , Yuh William T. C.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

The objectives of this study were to investigate outcome prediction by measuring absolute tumor volume and regression ratios using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during radiation therapy (RT) for cervical cancer and to develop algorithms capable of identifying patients at risk of a poor therapeutic outcome.

METHODS:

Eighty patients with stage IB2 through IVA cervical cancer underwent 4 MRI scans: before RT (MRI1), during RT at 2 to 2.5 weeks (MRI2) at 4 to 5 weeks (MRI3), and 1 to 2 months after RT (MRI4). The median follow‐up was 6.2 years (range, 0.2‐9.4 years). Tumor volumes at MRI1, MRI2, MRI3, and MRI4 (V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively) and tumor regression ratios (V2/V1, V3/V1, and V4/V1) were measured by 3‐dimensional volumetry. Predictive metrics based on tumor volume/regression parameters were correlated with ultimate clinical outcomes, including tumor local recurrence (LR) and dying of disease (DOD). Predictive power was evaluated using the Mann‐Whitney test, sensitivity/specificity analyses, and Kaplan‐Meier analyses.

RESULTS:

Both tumor volume and regression ratio were strongly correlated with LR (P = .06, P = 5 × 10−4, P = 1 × 10−6, and P = 2 × 10−8 for V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively; and P = 7 × 10−5, P = 1 × 10−6, and P = 1 × 10−8 for V2/V1, V3/V1, and V4/V1, respectively) and DOD (P = .015, P = .004, P = .001, and P = 3 × 10−4 for V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively; and P = .03, P = .009, and P = 3 × 10−4 for V2/V1, V3/V1, and V4/V1, respectively). Algorithms that combined tumor volumes and regression ratios improved predictive power (sensitivity, 61%‐89%; specificity, 79%‐100%). The strongest predictor, pre‐RT volume and regression ratio at MRI3 (V1 > 40 cm3 and V3/V1 > 20%, respectively), achieved 89% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 88% accuracy for LR and achieved 54% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 73% accuracy for DOD.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results suggested that tumor volume/regression parameters obtained during primary therapy are useful in predicting LR and DOD. Both tumor volume and regression ratio provided important information as early outcome predictors that may guide early intervention for patients with cervical cancer who are at high risk of treatment failure. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A double‐blind, randomized trial of pyridoxine versus placebo for the prevention of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin‐related hand‐foot syndrome in gynecologic oncology patients
Authors: von Gruenigen Vivian , Frasure Heidi , Fusco Nancy , DeBernardo Robert , Eldermire Elisa , Eaton Susan , Waggoner Steven
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of hand‐foot syndrome (HFS) in patients who received pyridoxine versus placebo during pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian, breast, or endometrial cancer.

METHODS:

Patients received PLD 40 mg/m2 for a maximum of 6 cycles. Patients were assigned randomly to receive pyridoxine 100 mg twice daily (Group A) or placebo (Group B) and received standard HFS education. Patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy quality‐of‐life (QOL) questionnaire. The incidence of HFS as measured by common toxicity criteria was compared between groups. Analyses were conducted according to an intent‐to‐treat basis. Chi‐square tests or Fisher exact tests were used.

RESULTS:

Thirty‐four patients were enrolled (18 in Group A and 16 in Group B), and 5 patients were unevaluable for HFS assessment. Overall, 15 of 29 patients (52%) had HFS (all grades), and 10 of 29 patients (35%) had grade 2/3 events. Eight of 15 patients in Group A (53%) and 7 of 14 patients in Group B (50%) had HFS (P = .857). For grade 2/3 events, there was no difference between groups: Six of 15 events (40%) occurred in Group A, and 4 of 14 events (29%) occurred in Group B (P = .70). There was no difference in QOL scores between patients who had grade 2/3 HFS and patients who had grade 0/1 HFS. QOL analysis revealed that all patients had elevated social well being.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pyridoxine as administered in the current study did not prevent HFS in patients who received PLD. It is possible that QOL is not compromised in patients with HFS because they may have increased social well being while coping with their disease. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia who achieve complete remission after 1 or 2 cycles of induction have a similar prognosis
Authors: Rowe Jacob M. , Kim Haesook T. , Cassileth Peter A. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Litzow Mark R. , Wiernik Peter H. , Tallman Martin S.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often have residual leukemia in the bone marrow 10 to 14 days after the start of induction therapy. Some cooperative groups administer a second cycle of similar induction therapy on Day 14 if there is residual leukemia. It is a common perception that the presence of residual leukemia at that point predicts a worse prognosis irrespective of the therapy received. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients who required a second cycle of induction (given on or about Day 14) to achieve complete remission (CR) had a worse prognosis than patients who achieved CR after only 1 cycle, because a worse prognosis may alter postremission therapy.

METHODS:

Patients who were enrolled on 6 consecutive studies for AML that were conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) between 1983 to 1993 received induction therapy. If residual leukemia was present in the bone marrow on the Day 14 after the start of induction, then patients were to receive a second cycle of identical induction therapy. All patients who achieved CR after 1 or 2 cycles received the identical postremission therapy.

RESULTS:

In each of the 6 ECOG studies, the long‐term outcome was similar for patients who required 1 or 2 cycles of induction therapy to achieve CR, and their outcome was independent of other prognostic variables, such as age or karyotype.

CONCLUSIONS:

The presence of residual leukemia in bone marrow 10 to 14 days after induction therapy did not predict a worse prognosis if patients received second, similar cycle of induction therapy and achieved CR. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Racial disparities in colorectal cancer survival
Authors: White Arica , Vernon Sally W. , Franzini Luisa , Du Xianglin L.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Racial/ethnic differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival have been documented throughout the literature. However, the reasons for these disparities are difficult to decipher. The objective of this analysis was to determine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in survival are explained by differences in sociodemographics, tumor characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and hospital characteristics.

METHODS:

A cohort of 37,769 Medicare beneficiaries who were diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I, II, and III CRC from 1992 to 2002 and resided in 16 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) regions of the United States was identified in the SEER‐Medicare linked database. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

Black patients had worse CRC‐specific survival than white patients, but the difference was reduced after adjustment (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.35). Asian patients had better survival than white patients after adjusting for covariates (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.92) for stages I, II, and III CRC. Relative to Asians, blacks and whites had worse survival after adjustment (blacks: aHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.33‐1.82; whites: aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.44). Comorbidities and socioeconomic Status were associated with a reduction in the mortality difference between blacks and whites and blacks and Asians.

CONCLUSIONS:

Comorbidities and SES appeared to be more important factors contributing to poorer survival among black patients relative to white and Asian patients. However, racial/ethnic differences in CRC survival were not fully explained by differences in several factors. Future research should further examine the role of quality of care and the benefits of treatment and post‐treatment surveillance in survival disparities. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Childhood cancer mortality in America, Asia, and Oceania, 1970 through 2007
Authors: Chatenoud Liliane , Bertuccio Paola , Bosetti Cristina , Levi Fabio , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Over the last 4 decades, childhood cancer mortality declined in most developed areas of the world. However, scant information is available from middle‐income and developing countries. The authors analyzed and compared patterns in childhood cancer mortality in 24 developed and middle‐income countries in America, Asia, and Oceania between 1970 and 2007.

METHODS:

Childhood age‐standardized annual mortality rates were derived from the World Health Organization (WHO) database for all neoplasms, bone and kidney cancer, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and leukemias.

RESULTS:

Since 1970, rates for all childhood cancers dropped from approximately 8 per 100,000 boys to 3 per 100,000 boys and from 6 per 100,000 girls to 2 per 100,000 girls in North America and Japan. Latin American countries registered rates of approximately 5 per 100,000 boys and 4 per 100,000 girls for 2005 through 2007, similar to the rates registered in more developed areas in the early 1980s. Similar patterns were observed for leukemias, for which the mortality rates were 0.81 per 100,000 boys and 0.55 per 100,000 girls in North America, 0.86 per 100,000 boys and 0.68 per 100,000 girls in Japan, and 1.98 per 100,000 boys and 1.65 per 100,000 girls in Latin America for 2005 through 2007. Bone cancer rates for 2005 through 2007 were approximately 2‐fold higher in Argentina than in the United States. During the same period, Mexico registered the highest rate for kidney cancer and Colombia registered the highest rate for NHL, whereas the lowest rates were registered by Japan for kidney and by Japan and the United States for NHL.

CONCLUSIONS:

Improvements in the adoption of current integrated treatment protocols in Latin American and other lower‐ and middle‐income countries worldwide would avoid a substantial proportion of childhood cancer deaths. Cancer 2010;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Size‐Tunable Micron‐Bubbles Based on Fluorous–Fluorous Interactions of Perfluorinated Dendritic Polyglycerols
Authors: Zieringer Maximilian , Garcia‐Bernabé Abel , Costisella Burkhard , Glatz Heiko , Bannwarth Willi , Haag Rainer
Published: July 2010

This paper describes the behavior of various generations of polyglycerol dendrimers that contain a perfluorinated shell. The aggregation in organic solvents is based on supramolecular fluorous–fluorous interactions, which can be described by means of 19F NMR spectroscopy. In order to study the interaction and aggregation phenomena of dendrimers with perfluorinated shell and perfluoro‐tagged guest molecules we investigated [G3.5]‐dendrimer with a perfluorinated shell in the presence of perfluoro‐tagged disperse red. Noteworthy, the interaction intensities varied in an unexpected manner depending on the equivalents of perfluoro‐tagged guest molecules added to the dendrimers in solution which then formed supramolecular complexes based on fluorous–fluorous interactions. We found that these complexes aggregated around residual air in the solvent to form stable micron‐sized bubbles. Their sizes correlated with the interaction intensities measured for certain dendrimer–guest molecule ratios. Degassing of the solutions led to a quasi phase separation between organic and fluorous phase, whereby the dendrimers formed the fluorous phases. Regassing the sample with air afforded bubbles of the initial size again.
Charge Transport in Redox Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: The Dramatic Effects of Outmost Layer and Solution Ionic Strength
Authors: Tagliazucchi Mario , Calvo Ernesto J.
Published: July 2010

The redox switching kinetics, that is, charge transfer and transport in layer‐by‐layer‐deposited electroactive polyelectrolyte multilayers is systematically studied with variable‐scan‐rate cyclic voltammetry. The experiments are performed with films finished in the redox polycation (an osmium pyridine–bipyridine derivatized polyallylamine, PAH‐Os) and the polyanion (polyvinyl sulfonate, PVS), in solutions of different electrolyte concentrations. A modified diffusion model is developed to account for the experimentally observed dependence of the average peak potential with the scan rate. This model is able to describe both the redox peak potential and the current, providing information on the electron‐transfer rate constants and the diffusion coefficient for the electron‐hopping mechanism. While the former does not vary with the ionic strength or the nature of the outmost layer, polyanion‐capped films present an electron‐hopping diffusion coefficient at low ionic strength that is three orders of magnitude smaller than that for PAH‐Os‐capped films. The effect is offset at high ionic strength. We discuss the possible causes of the effect and the important consequences for electrochemical devices built by layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly, such as amperometric biosensors or electrochromic devices.
Preparation of nanocrystalline lithium niobate powders at low temperature
Authors: Su Ting Ting , Jiang Heng , Gong Hong , Zhai Yu Chun
Published: July 2010

A facile route to prepare lithium niobate (LiNbO3) powders was proposed by an alternative solid‐state method. Stoichiometric Li2C2O4 and ammonium niobium oxalate were mixed with small amounts of water and then dried at room temperature. It was demonstrated that Li[NbO(C2O4)2]·n H2O intermediate was produced by an ion‐exchange reaction. Pure LiNbO3 powders were successfully synthesized by heating the intermediate at 500, 600 and 700 °C for 3 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis were used to characterize the precursor compound and as‐prepared samples. XRD results reveal that all the products are identified as hexagonal structure with high relative crystallinity (>87%). The particle size is found to be about 40 nm for the mixture calcined at 500 °C according to XRD data, which is in good agreement with SEM data. The as‐prepared LiNbO3 powders by this method are high quality according to FTIR spectra. (Li0.996Nb0.005)Nb0.999O3 phase was formed when the calcination temperature was raised to 800 °C. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of mixing and solid concentration on sodium bicarbonate secondary nucleation rate in stirred tank
Authors: Wylock C. , Gutierrez V. , Debaste F. , Cartage T. , Delplancke‐Ogletree M.‐P. , Haut B.
Published: July 2010

This work aims to investigate the influence of the solid concentration in suspension on the contact secondary nucleation rate of sodium bicarbonate crystallization in a stirred tank crystallizer and to show the necessity of a local description of the mixing for a nucleation rate influence study. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are realized. Crystallization kinetic parameters are extracted from experimental data using a mass distribution fitting approach. CFD and the experimental results allow identifying that a mixing property correlated with the measurements of the secondary nucleation rate in the stirred tank crystallizer appears to be the turbulent dissipation rate on the edge of the impeller. Its influence and the influence of the solid concentration in the suspension on the secondary nucleation rate are estimated by the evaluation of their exponents in a kinetic law. The obtained exponent values are then discussed qualitatively. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A low‐voltage band‐gap reference circuit with second‐order analyses
Authors: Liang Chao‐Jui , Chung Chiu‐Chiao , Lin Hongchin
Published: July 2010

A new band‐gap reference (BGR) circuit employing sub‐threshold current is proposed for low‐voltage operations. By employing the fraction of VBEand the sub‐threshold current source, the proposed BGR circuit with chip area of 0.029mm2was fabricated in the standard 0.18µm CMOS triple‐well technology. It generates reference voltage of 170 mV with power consumption of 2.4µWat supply voltage of 1 V. The agreement between simulation and measurement shows that the variations of reference voltage are 1.3 mV for temperatures from −20 to 100∘C, and 1.1 mV per volt for supply voltage from 0.95 to 2.5 V, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific grasp characteristics of children with trisomy 21
Authors: Jover Marianne , Ayoun Catherine , Berton Catherine , Carlier Michèle
Published: July 2010

Children with trisomy 21 display atypical manual skills that change to some extent during development. We examined grasp characteristics and their development in 35 children with trisomy 21, aged 4–18 years, who performed simple manual tasks (two manual tasks of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and grasping of five wooden blocks whose size was determined by their hand size). The age‐matched comparison group included 35 typically developing children. Children with trisomy 21 were found to use fewer fingers than children in the comparison group in each task. They also used specific grasps and tended to extend fingers that were not involved in the grip. While some specific grasp characteristics of children with trisomy 21 decreased with age, other did not, and remained present throughout development. The perceptual‐motor development of children with trisomy 21 should be analyzed in terms of atypical development rather than developmental delay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 782–793, 2010.
Ephrin‐B2 elicits differential growth cone collapse and axon retraction in retinal ganglion cells from distinct retinal regions
Authors: Petros Timothy J. , Bryson J. Barney , Mason Carol
Published: July 2010

The circuit for binocular vision and stereopsis is established at the optic chiasm, where retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons diverge into the ipsilateral and contralateral optic tracts. In the mouse retina, ventrotemporal (VT) RGCs express the guidance receptor EphB1, which interacts with the repulsive guidance cue ephrin‐B2 on radial glia at the optic chiasm to direct VT RGC axons ipsilaterally. RGCs in the ventral retina also express EphB2, which interacts with ephrin‐B2, whereas dorsal RGCs express low levels of EphB receptors. To investigate how growth cones of RGCs from different retinal regions respond upon initial contact with ephrin‐B2, we utilized time‐lapse imaging to characterize the effects of ephrin‐B2 on growth cone collapse and axon retraction in real time. We demonstrate that bath application of ephrin‐B2 induces rapid and sustained growth cone collapse and axon retraction in VT RGC axons, whereas contralaterally‐projecting dorsotemporal RGCs display moderate growth cone collapse and little axon retraction. Dose response curves reveal that contralaterally‐projecting ventronasal axons are less sensitive to ephrin‐B2 treatment compared to VT axons. Additionally, we uncovered a specific role for Rho kinase signaling in the retraction of VT RGC axons but not in growth cone collapse. The detailed characterization of growth cone behavior in this study comprises an assay for the study of Eph signaling in RGCs, and provides insight into the phenomena of growth cone collapse and axon retraction in general. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 781–794, 2010
IL‐2 is positively involved in the development of colitogenic CD4+ IL‐7Rαhigh memory T cells in chronic colitis
Authors: Kameyama Kaori , Nemoto Yasuhiro , Kanai Takanori , Shinohara Tamako , Okamoto Ryuichi , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Nakamura Tetsuya , Sakamoto Naoya , Totsuka Teruji , Hibi Toshifumi , Watanabe Mamoru
Published: July 2010

IL‐2 and IL‐7 share a common γ‐chain receptor and are critical for T‐cell homeostasis. We aimed to clarify the reciprocal roles of IL‐2 and IL‐7 in the development and persistence of chronic colitis. We performed a series of adoptive transfers of IL‐2−/− CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into RAG‐2−/− mice and assessed the role of IL‐2 in the induction of IL‐7Rα on colitogenic CD4+ T cells and the development of chronic colitis. RAG‐2−/− mice transferred with WT but not with IL‐2−/− CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells developed Th1/Th17‐mediated colitis. Consistently, re‐expression of IL‐7Rα was severely impaired on IL‐2−/− but not on WT CD4+ T cells from the transferred mice. To exclude a contribution of the preclinical autoimmunity of IL‐2−/−mice, WT Ly5.1+ or IL‐2−/− Ly5.2+ CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells from GFP mice previously transplanted with the same number of WT and IL‐2−/− BM cells were transferred into RAG‐2−/− mice. RAG‐2−/− mice transferred with IL‐2−/−‐derived CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells did not develop colitis, but their splenic CD4+ T cells changed from effector‐memory to central‐memory type. These results show that IL‐2 is critically involved in the establishment and maintenance of IL‐7‐dependent colitogenic memory CD4+IL‐7Rαhigh T cells.