bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Control and Labor Relations in the Maquiladora Industry: A Study of Korean Maquiladora Firms
Authors: Cho Donmoon
Published: January 2012

Although the protracted labor dispute in Hanyong attracted public attention, labor relations in Korean maquiladora firms have been relatively unexamined thus far. This study identifies labor relations in the Korean maquiladora firms as a typical despotic mode of domination, which is closer to the West coast type than to the Mexican gulf type. To explain the selection and reproduction of the despotic mode of domination, this study analyzes everyday practices of labor control on the shop floor. Korean managers exercise various types of labor control: the consensual type, mobilizing consent on the part of workers; the remunerative type, mobilizing the sense of rewarding; and the repressive type, mobilizing the fear of oppression and retaliation. None of the three types of labor control work effectively and workers remain dissatisfied with the labor conditions and the way labor control is exercised. What the Korean firms choose to do is to oppress worker discontent and prevent it from developing into mass mobilization and upheaval. This is why the despotic mode of labor relations takes shape and reproduces itself in the Korean maquiladora firms.
Modernization and Educational Reform in Ataturk's Period
Authors: Kim Dae Sung
Published: January 2012

Modernization is a multifaceted process involving changes in all areas of human thought and activity. The principal aspects of modernization are industrialization, secularization, democratization, spread of education, and media participation. During Mustafa K. Ataturk's period, Ataturk and some progressive people emphasized the policy that the new government under his leadership should not only act to expand educational opportunities for children, young people, and ordinary citizens but also attempt to arouse and strengthen a national consciousness. Because they accepted education as an important key to unlock the door for becoming a modernized Western country. The politics of education are based on nationalism, secularization, populism and pragmatism. When the concept of modernization and the basics of educational policy during Atatuk's period were compared, common points between them can be observed. The basics of the education policy of the Ataturk's period are included in the characteristics of modernization drawn by modernization researchers. They, above all, commonly emphasized secularization, the possibility of change and its desirability, nationalism, and the spread of education.
Amerindian Contributions to Western and World Civilization
Authors: Shin Myongsup
Published: January 2012

Long written off as a peole of savagery, native Americans mistakenly named Indians are yet to receive due credit for their contributions to civilization. Their friendly reception of the first Pilgrims, to whom they taught how to survive through harsh condition, is but one of many episodes worth noting. As Lillibridge (1968) aptly put it, native citizens of the so-called New World made significant contributions not only to the material but also the “social and intellectual life” of the newcomers who later on snatched up the entire Ameican continent all too unabashedly. An attempt is thus made in this paper to appreciate the scope and nature of the good marks on Western civilization left behind by Amerindians in a rather unassuming manner.
New Regionalism in East Asia and its Relationship with the WTO and APEC
Authors: Lee Hyun-Hoon , Lloyd Peter J. , Koo Chung-Mo
Published: January 2012

Since the 1997–98 financial crisis, the countries of East Asia have been giving more attention to ways of expanding intra regional trade that include: the establishment of regional trade agreements (RTAs) such as ASEAN+3; plans to establish a free trade area involving the economies of ASEAN and China; as well as moves towards bilateral trade agreements. The trend towards this new regionalism, the reasons for it, its impact upon the region, its future evolution and prospects are of profound regional, and indeed global, significance This paper reviews the new regionalism in East Asia in recent years, and discusses how it relates with the WTO and APEC.
Historical Perspectives of U.S. Health Care Policy Development under the Presidential Leadership
Authors: Choi Chanho
Published: January 2012

This study aimes to understand the process of historical changes of U.S. health care policy for the past 200 years, and is primarily concerned with presidential leadership to influence health care policy formulation after 1970s. With this aim in view, first of all, this paper examines the shift of governmental roles on health care policy formulation over time, and what are the major ways in which presidents have been involved in the formation of health care policy? Based upon this investigation, this paper shows that the relationship among federal, state, and local governments has undergone dramatic change, and presidential roles are essential in developing an understanding of both future prospects for health care policy changes and past decisions.
Модернизацня или Деградацня?: Из опыта либерализации России
Authors: Лактионова Н.
Published: January 2012

Faced with challenges of historical transformation, there has been a lot of strategies for civilization in Russia. At present time, Russia moves toward “so called” the Third World. This phenomenon is an unconceivable aspect of world civilization in view of the fact that Russia was one of super powers, fifteen years ago. A factor determinig the destiny of modern Russia is the foreign ideology transplanted in Russia. The basic problem is that Russian leaders accepted Eurocentric theme that western development model contributes to human progress. Historically, the democratic ideology has been in conflict with Russian socio-cultural tradition based on Eastern-Byzantine tradition. To overcome the present crisis, it is necessary for Russia to escape from the illusion of liberalism and to consider the strong points of socio-institutional tradition of Russia.
Czech Culture in Prague: Architecture
Authors: Kim Kyuchin
Published: January 2012

Prague's main feature is that, out of many cultural treasures, it preserved its architectural culture and put it to practical use to present day. Particularly Prague has embraced a wealth of architectural styles from many ages. From the Romanesque, the Gothic culture of Czech's pinnacle age, Baroque, Neo Classicism, the Art Nouveau style buildings that concentrated in Prague at the end of 19th century and finally to modern structures. As we have studied, Prague is a textbook of historical styles: a Romanesque rotunda, a Gothic cathedral, a constellation of Baroque churches and palaces, a Renaissance summer palace, whole districts with histoicizing ‘neo-styles: neo-Gothic, neo-Renaissance, neo-Baroque, neo-Classic,’ Art Nouveau cafes, unfunctional pebble-stone streets and as yet undigested, isolated postmodern structure such as ‘Dancing Building-Gunger and Fred Building’ by Frank O. Gehry and Vlado Milinic
Do Psychological Barriers Exist in the Stock Price Indices? Evidence from Asia's Emerging Markets
Authors: Bahng Seungwook
Published: January 2012

This paper tests whether psychological barriers exist in the price levels of stock indices. Using the data from Asia's emerging markets and statistical methods, this study analyzes barrier effects around psychologically important reference levels. The results indicated the existence of a price barrier in the Taiwanese stock index. Other markets, however, do not seem to possess the effect of a selected reference point. The case of Taiwan is interpreted as evidence of a violation of market efficiency in the sense that the resulting distribution of random price level occurrences would be close to a uniform distribution in efficient markets. This research contributed to behavioral corporate finance by applying investor psychology and its effects on stock price levels.
Globalisation and Cultural Transformation: African and South African Perspectives
Authors: du Pisani J.A. (Kobus)
Published: January 2012

What implications does globalisation hold for cultural transformation in Africa and South Africa? This article starts out by analysing the impacts, particularly in terms of cultural transformation, of the current intense process of globalisation. Then it proceeds to investigate the impacts of globalisation on the African continent as they evolved through history, with particular emphasis on the contemporary situation and the implications for African culture. Broad trends in intellectual thinking outside and inside Africa about Africa's position in a globalising world are indicated. Cultural transformation in Africa as a result of globalisation is further investigated by referring to a South African case study, the diaspora of the Afrikaner people.
The Impact of Globalization on Indonesian Socio-Cultural Life
Authors: Sairin Sjafri
Published: January 2012

For the last three decades, an important social transition has taken place in Indonesia. It has brought with it cultural changes as well as emergence of narabas (trespassing) mentality and tegel (heartless) behavior. These phenomena are related to the emergence of consumer culture in which people are misguided with the belief that the image of things consumed are highly cultural activities. Such consumer culture is strengthened by the market expansion of industrial products from advanced countries, carried out by the process of globalization.
A Study on the Early Warning Indicators of Currency Crisis: A Regional Perspective
Authors: Kang In Soo
Published: January 2012

This paper mainly focuses on the signals approach to Korean currency crisis and compare the results with those of OLS and logit estimation. Chronological crisis episode of Korea and related regional data are used in the research. Both results tell us that indicators and determinants of currency crisis should consider regional characteristics and country specific results, rather than general results, are more useful to policymakers and market participants. Unlike the cross-section analysis, 15 indicators, including export concentration ratio, are turned out to have predictive power. The composite index for currency crisis also provides useful information in general.
A Government Reform Strategy in the Era of E-Government: The U.S. Federal Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Kwon Yong Soo
Published: January 2012

Though out the long history of public administration, government reform has been considered as a comprehensive planned change that designed to improve the overall performance in such criteria of efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, and responsibility of the government. This paper reviewed the U.S. government's reform efforts, especially E-government reform for the last ten years. The U.S. federal government has developed “Enterprise Architecture (EA)” program as a government reform strategy based on E-government system. The EA with the Business Reference Model (BRM) identifies the federal government's business operations and the agencies that perform them. The EA information supports to reduce functional redundancy among agencies and to prevent potential redundant budget expenditure in the federal governments' business lines, ultimately resulting in cost saving and productivity growth. The U.S. federal EA with the BRM provides useful implications for the theory and the practice of government reform that pursues high level of the overall performance, and transparent public administration
Model for Measuring Korean Administrative Corruption: Focusing on the Application of the AHP Method
Authors: Yun Jong-Seol
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this research is to review the characteristics, contributions, and limitations of the existing corruption index measurement models by comparison and analysis. Based upon such review, I intend to provide a more logical and systematic alternative model utilizing AHP method. First, I suggest the corruption index calculation method as a procedural process. Second, I applied the AHP method and put weighted values to the items, elements, and index of measurement and, thereby, enable the prioritization of items, elements, and index of measurement. Third, I suggest a desirable model for measuring administrative corruption index for the future by overcoming the limitations of the existing models. Finally, I present five expected effects and utilities of the new model which can overcome the existing limitations.
A Study on Foreign Investment in India since 1990s
Authors: Kong Duk Ahm , Sakthivel S.
Published: January 2012

Prior to the 1990s, the investment policy regime in India was fairly restrictive in the sense foreign firms were allowed to have equity only to the extent of 40 percent with few exemptions. Large-scale liberalization leading to trade and investment openness has been one of the key issue in the economic reforms carried out in India since the early 1990s. Now Twelve years have past since the openness of India Economy.

It will be proper for the occasion to analyse the effect on India Economy and changing of the foreign investment patterns & trends since the openness. The objectives of this paper are as follows. Firstly, to analyse the trend and pattern of foreign investment in the country in the pre and post liberalization period. Secondly, to examine the spread/concentration of foreign investment in different regions of India. Thirdly, to identify the major source of countries from which foreign investment flow into India. Finally, to assess the vital sectors that attracts foreign investment into India. Regional Concentration of Foreign Investment Across States in India, source-wise break up of Foreign Investment Inflows, Sector wise Foreign Investment flows, trends and patterns since the 1990s will be analyse in this paper.
An Anthropological Perspective on Culture in the Globalisation Debate
Authors: Tauchmann Kurt
Published: January 2012

The aim of this short overview is to look at theoretic and methodical aspects in analysing culture as the result of aspirations for wellbeing. In that sense social groups base their identity on imagined common roots and descent. Within a historical dimension the phenomenon of global cultural networks is not confined to the European expansion to Africa, the Americas, Asia and Australia beginning in the late 15th century but can be established for earlier periods with different shifting centres. One of these early global cultural networks developed through maritime migrations and trade, originating in the region of mainland and insular Southeast Asia, and materialised within the macro context of an emerging Oceanic culture. Cultural and social identities among local populations in that region are dominated by discourses controlled by dynastic elite's. Therefore, one cannot establish horizons of acculturation and social transformations and its associated culture, until the hardware of archaeological evidence is included. Along that line the gaps in a space, time and structure perspective on an Oceanic culture can be closed. Present diachronic studies in that direction also emphasise the importance of the devolution concept, because it can help to explain how and why polities and empires collapsed. In anthropological fieldwork research priority should be given to a holistic approach, which combines structural and systemic aspects.
Consumerism and Negotiations for Marriage among the Middle- and Upper-Class Muslims in Cairo
Authors: Eum Ikran
Published: January 2012

This paper aims to explore marriage negotiations among families in Egypt. It focuses especially on consumption patterns during the process of establishing the households of newly-married couples among contemporary middle- and upper-class young Muslims in Cairo. In order to examine changes in consumption pattern at the time of marriage negotiations, this paper investigates and compares the marriage pattern of two different generations: (a) that of the parents who married before infitah (Egypt's “Open Door” policy), under which globalised consumption started to flourish in the 1970s and (b) that of their children who are currently of marriageable age or recently married.
Russia, the European Union and the “Orange Revolution” in Ukraine: The East-West Conflict Revisited?
Authors: Gerrits André W.M.
Published: January 2012

Victor Yushchenko's hard-won victory in the December 2004 presidential elections in Ukraine, also known as the ‘Orange Revolution’, seems typical of some important international political trends in Europe: one, democratic intervention by Western governmental and non-governmental organizations in the internal affairs of (semi-)authoritarian states in the eastern part of Europe has shown some remarkable results; two, the Russian Federation openly, though not very successfully, interferes into these disputes, in order to secure its interests in this region; and third, subsequently, tensions between Russia and the ‘West’ (in this case, the United States and the European Union are in agreement) are on the rise, using political terminology that reminds us of the Cold War era: democracy, human rights, and spheres of influence. Do we run the risk, ten years after the collapse of the communist powerhouse Soviet Union, to start a new East-West conflict? Does Europe have legitimate security interests in the ‘Near Abroad’ (the Kremlin's jargon for the republics of the former Soviet Union minus the Baltic States), and if so, how should we define them against the ambitions, imperial or otherwise, of the Russian Federation?
Second Generation Korean American Identity Construction: The Influences of Language, Friendship, and Race
Authors: Concilus Frank
Published: January 2012

Social constructionism assumes that cultural identities are constantly being reinvented and reinterpreted. In this article, the rather extensive research concerning identity construction for second generation Korean Americans is reviewed, and the main findings are illustrated through examples drawn from Korean American literature and second generation Korean American life stories. Special attention is given to the friendship patterns, language usage, and racial experiences of the second generation. In addition, dating patterns are examined and some of the possible reasons for the high rate of exogamous marriage, especially for Korean American women, are explored.
Theoretical Review: Neo-Liberal Institutionalism and the Co-Operative Security Regime in Northeast Asia
Authors: Lee Sang-Gab
Published: January 2012

This article examines several theoretical ideas on security regime applicable to Northeast Asia. Different from realists or idealists, two schools of international relations theory, neo-liberal institutionalists have seen that anarchy and mixed interests occasionally cause states to suffer the opportunity costs of not achieving an outcome that is more mutually beneficial. In this context, the concept of co-operative security regime has important connotations for the concept of neo-liberal institutionalism. Based on the research outcome, the co-operative security concept appears to be the most applicable to Northeast Asia in that the idea is among the more widely used terms, complementing more traditional views, acknowledges a more inclusive definition of security, and challenges to security, encompassing, but moving beyond, the traditional notion of military threat and response. Beside of this reason, there are four more logics validating the application of the co-operative security regime notion to Northeast Asia.
The Political Economy of National Climate Policy: Cases of U.S.A., Germany and Japan
Authors: Shin Soonjae
Published: January 2012

A growing amount of literature in the political economy suggests that the implementation of an environmental policy is limited due to the complexity of the interests of different interest groups and the political dominance of the polluting industries. This paper examines this insufficient implementation of an environmental concept in the case of the climate policy in the U.S.A., Germany and Japan. The focuses of this analysis are the choice, design and implementation of climate policy instruments in these countries. Starting from the fact that interest groups in the policy-making process prefer different policy instruments, the analysis shows which interests are enforced via which political instrument.
The United States and Korea's Reunification
Authors: Boyer William W.
Published: January 2012

This article first reviews the official policies of South Korea and the United States toward reunification, second examines the division of Korea during the Cold War, third the division since the Cold War, fourth analyzes the North's nuclear issue, and finally discusses the continuing impasse to reunification and what constructive role the United States should play. The paper shows that there are some striking dissimilarities between the postures of the U.S. and South Korea toward North Korea. The article concludes that South Korea's dramatic change from confrontation to reconciliation toward North Korea, that promises eventual reunification, presents an opportunity for the United States to do the same.
The Social Thought of John Paul II in an Asian Context
Authors: Han Thomas Hong-Soon
Published: January 2012

Pope John Paul II's social thought deals with the equitable, just, and peaceful organization of society on a global as well as a local level. John Paul finds the root cause of social injustice in the structures of sin and suggests solidarity as the way to overcome these structures. John Paul II was not only a great religious thinker but also an active social reformer committed to the building of a more just society. This is evidenced by the fact that he played a pivotal role in the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, which had a decisive impact on the Asian situation as well. In fact, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe virtually put an end to heated controversies concerning ideologies in many parts of Asia, thereby reducing instability and orienting the progress of society in a more human direction.
NAFTA and Flow of FDI into Mexico: Investment Diversion or Stock Adjustment?
Authors: Jung Hyeryeon , Heo Yoon
Published: January 2012

While the investment creationeffect of regional integration agreements has attracted increased attention in recent years, few studies have examined the impact on investment flows to nonmember countries. This paper investigates ***whether evidence exists for diversion of FDI from Latin America to Mexico both before and after NAFTA to examinethe*** impact of regional integration agreements (RIAs) on FDI inflow by conducting simulations based on a gravity model. A cursory observation of recent FDI trends might give rise to such claims of diversion. Over the post-NAFTA period as a whole, this paper finds that Mexico's FDI performance was not significantly different from the Latin American norm. The findings lead us to conclude that there is no evidence of FDI diversion between these two regions. The fact that stock adjustment is completed in Mexico may be one of the reasons that Mexico has not shown expected FDI inflow ratios.
The Decline of the Welfare State?
Authors: Park Yong Soo
Published: January 2012

Faced with a serious economic crisis in the early 1990s, Sweden was compelled to undertake a series of restructuring measures on its welfare state systems. For many, the economic pressure and welfare state restructuring were undoubtedly seen as firm proof of the decline of the welfare state, as had been predicted by globalization theorists. However, as the present study shows, many aspects of Sweden's welfare state systems, which underwent a formidable challenge in the early and mid-1990s, have fully recovered since the late 1990s. Several of them, in fact, are now in slightly better shape than they had been before the crisis. This shows the fundamental stability of Sweden's welfare state systems, in contrast to the fevered nature of the debate on their future. In conclusion, the globalization theory does not apply to Sweden's welfare state.
Economic and Social Assessment of the Impact of Asians to the Canadian Education Industry
Authors: Moon Young-suck Simon
Published: January 2012

The Canadian education industry is one of the most successful in the globalized education market. Canada has witnessed a steady increase in the number of international students being educated in Canada in the past 10 years, especially students from the Asian region. The contributions of the foreign students group of migrants to the Canadian education institutions haves become quite significant, as well as to the local economies. The share of foreign students from the Asia-Pacific region has increased significantly, from levels of one-in-every-five, to one-in-every-two. This paper examines the economic and social impact Asians have upon the Canadian education industry.
European Union and Hungarian Language Policy
Authors: Park Soo-Young
Published: January 2012

Eastern European countries has been historically multiracial European countries, therefore, the language policy of EU becomes a test case for the practical lives of peoples on the question of the preservation of national identities without national boundaries. This thesis shows what kind of language policy that EU practices to integrate its member states' peoples which practically transcend the borders and how each state deals with these necessities with European Integration and the Globalization. In my paper, Hungary was analyzed as an example.
Strategies to Accelerate Industrialization of FIJI
Authors: Kim Seung Jin
Published: January 2012

The terms of trade that Fiji faces in the post-growth period will deteriorate as the international price of her exports (i.e., agricultural products) tends to increase less rapidly compared with that of her imports (i.e., manufacturing products). This deterioration of the terms of trade facing the Fijian exporters could offset the normal gains associated with growth over time. Therefore Fiji should accelerate industrialization immediately as her national goal.

In order for Fiji to successfully accelerate industrialization, the government should establish a set of basic principles as follows: (a) condensed growth, (b) light manufacturing industrialization first, heavy and chemical industrialization later, (c) government initiatives, (d) foreign capital inducement and export-led growth, and (e) growth primacy.

Based on the above principles of Fiji's industrialization, the following development strategies should be adopted: (a) Leadership commitment for industrialization, (b) Government-led development strategy, (c) Outward-looking development strategy, (d) Growth-first-distribution-later policy, (e) Domestic resources mobilization and foreign capital inducement, (J) Human resource development, (g) Environmentally sustainable development

To fully moderni=e Fiji on her track of industrialization, the following development strategies should be adopted: (a) Village movement, (b) Promoting economic and social status of indigenous Fijians, and (c) Nation building
Japan's Leadership Shifts: From the East Asian Crisis to the Establishment of an ASEAN + 3 Summit
Authors: Park Chang-Gun
Published: January 2012

The East Asian crisis was a catalyst for changing Japan's regional position and leadership role and therefore had significant implications for Japan's geo-political and economic relationship with East Asia. The Japanese government maintained the ‘developmental state’ approach in collaborating with the economic restructuring programmes in major East Asian countries after the crisis. Japanese responses to the crisis had significant implications for East Asian regional integration. They clearly indicated the shift in Japan's behaviour and the emergence of a regional leadership role in promoting regional integration in East Asia. This suggests that Japanese confidence in the validity of the developmental state concept prompted the government to reconsider its pro-active role in the establishment of an ASEAN +3 Summit.
The Modern Prince in the Age of the Third Wave: Economic Reform and Political Democratization in Morocco and Jordan
Authors: Cho Chansoo
Published: January 2012

This article deals with the question of dual transition by examining two Arab monarchical regimes of Morocco and Jordan. The two countries represent different paths of Middle Eastern monarchies weathering through the agony of dual transition. Each country has its own combination of economic and political liberalization. While Morocco is showing the sign of a trade-off between successful economic reform and lagging democratization, Jordan is approaching the type of economics and politics go together. This path divergence constitutes the dependent variable in this essay, whereas economic structure and political cleavages serve as two independent variables. I conclude that rentierism can be a contributing factor to democratization as well as an obstacle to economic reform. Once the decline of exogenous rents begins, the state with any intention of pushing for economic reform is obliged to choose one from two options: either forming a democratic consensus or resorting to authoritarian measures. The fiscal crisis of a “rentier state ” increases the political costs of authoritarian leadership and thereby leads incumbent rulers to opt for the distribution of economic burdens by way of democratic opening. Jordan fits the case. In contrast, a “productionist state ” does not have to make political concessions to facilitate economic reform because its economy is more inward-looking. Morocco is closer to the latter.
Comparing National-Subnational Relations in 8 Unitary States
Authors: Yi Okyeon
Published: January 2012

In most developed democracies, both national and subnational governments are directly elected by different aggregations of the sample people even if both elections take place on the same date. Some independently mandated governments sometimes succeed in enhancing subnational autonomy in public economic activity better than their cohorts. To explain this cross-sectional, temporal variation in centralization in public economic activity, I will first examine how different countries' constitutions codify national-subnational relations. Specifically, who has decision-making power regarding fiscal authority and how are these decision-makers selected across national and subnational governments? I will, then, explore what these constitutions do not specify but what has become institutionalized in intergovernmental relations. The main purpose of this paper is to compare national-subnational relations from perspectives of the legal-constitutional provision, administration, financial arrangement, subnational autonomy, and institutionalized intergovernmentalism in 8 unitary states, Denmark, Sweden, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom.
Beyond New Markets: BRICs and Korean Diplomacy
Authors: Lee Jae-Seung
Published: January 2012

This paper addresses the political significance of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) and the implications of this increasingly important group for Korean diplomacy. Beyond their importance as new growing markets, BRICs countries hold strategic significance in their status as a regional hub and a leader of developing countries. BRICs diplomacy is also crucial in dealing with the globalization-related agenda and issues of energy security. However, political and economic instability are inherent in BRICs countries, and these instabilities are subject to increasing stresses with the rapid growth being experienced. The future cohesiveness of intra-BRICs cooperation therefore remains doubtful. A focus on BRICs is inevitable for Korea's future-oriented diplomatic diversification but their importance remains conditional and relative. BRICs are more likely to play a supplementary role in addition to Korea's traditional diplomatic partners.
Human Rights vs Economic Growth in the Korean Context
Authors: Han Thomas Hong-Soon
Published: January 2012

Cultural heritage and desire for a rapid economic growth have played a pivotal role in forming people's perception of human rights in Korea. Respect for human beings, inherent in traditional values and reinforced later by Western values, has been confronted with the thirst for growth. The thirst for growth, interacted with the need for national security, placed constraints on human rights until 1987, the year of people's resistance. In an era of globalization, Koreans are challenged now to enrich their perception of the human rights, extending the communitarian perspective beyond the narrow boundaries of kinship, regionalism, school ties to embrace the global village on the basis of integrating traditional values and the Western values. A successful integration of these values beyond East and West is the key to building a social order based on solidarity. Such a challenge calls for a solid and systematic education on human rights at each level of education.
Vision and Strategy to Make BRICs as Blue Ocean for Korean Economy
Authors: Lee Young Hwan
Published: January 2012

BRICs could emerge as a blue ocean for Korean economy if we adopt proper vision and strategies. Korean government needs to initiate FTA negotiations with these countries, and to establish scholarship programs to promote student exchanges. Not only do we need to send an army of Korean students to these countries, but to receive an equal number of foreign students from them. This is so because blue oceans are created when Korean companies find unique value curves in BRICs, and finding them requires understanding the values accruing to the consumers in these countries, a labor intensive process. There is an external economy accruing to educating a corps of BRICs experts, hence the necessity of public subsidy (government scholarships) as an investment for human capital buildup.
Impact of the Zaibatsu on Japan's Political Economy: Pre and Post War Period
Authors: Namkoong Young
Published: January 2012

Prewar Japanese economic policy, as a whole, cannot be understood without some knowledge of the enterprises that were being built up by the mighty business groups popularly known as the “Zaibatsu”. Zaibatsu played a vital part in the economic rise of Japan, and they had come to occupy a position in the Japanese economy for which there was no parallel elsewhere in modern times. Their importance was not limited to the economic sphere, for they had made their influence felt in politics.
Reconceptualization of Citizenship for Migrant Workers in the Global Era: Cases of Canada and Korea
Authors: Lee Romee
Published: January 2012

Through the critical analysis on citizenship discourse, this paper argues that contemporary migrant workers in the world have suffered and their rights have been restricted in various layers of social, cultural and global relations. While migrant workers share disadvantages with other marginalized groups in the host societies, they experience further tensions at both local and global levels. Two cases of migrant worker difficulties in Canada and Korea are addressed as evidence. Supra-national discourse on the rights and obligations of human beings, such as global citizenship and a feminist approach to citizenship, strengthen the author's argument that migrant workers deserve a form of differentiated membership that fits both local and global contexts of work in this era.
The Influence of the West German Ostpolitik on the Korean South-North Relations 1969–1972—Centered on the Red Cross Talks and the 7-4 Joint Communiqué
Authors: Noh Meung-Hoan
Published: January 2012

This is a historical research into West German Ostpolitik and Korean South-North relations between 1969 and 1972. The main question lies in the issue: What kind of impact and influence did West German Ostpolitik have on the development of dialogue between the South and the North? In order to find out the answers to this question and others, the author inspected and reviewed the relevant documents in the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the FRG embassy in South Korea. The author analyzes these aspects focused on the 8-15 Declaration of the President of Republic of Korea and Red Cross talks between South and North Korea and the 7-4 Joint Communiqué.
Economic Globalization and Regionalization in Japan and Koreạ
Authors: Miyajima Yoshiaki , Kim Hyun-sung
Published: January 2012

We had seen many dramatic changes in economic and political fields in East-Asia for the 1990s such as the growth of the Chinese economy and the Asian financial crisis. Word globalization and regionalization are one of the key-terms debated by economists to explain the reason why these changes have occurred. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether globalization is a real phenomenon or only a myth in East-Asia (particularly in Japan and Korea), and how the relationship between globalization and regionalization in fashion was developed there in 1990s. Mainly investigating comparative data on FDI, trade and migrant between the two countries, the paper provides a summary of globalization which has increased asianization in East Asia and has deepened the economic interdependence between Japan and Korea.
Political, Economic and Social Changes in Romania after 1989
Authors: Park Jeong-O
Published: January 2012

The events in December, 1989 in Romania were the result of a lasting communist dictatorship, much more severe than the system in the rest of the states fallen after World War II under soviet rule. It is also the reason why the political regime in Romania was removed by a strong social outburst resulting in death and dead wounded, as a result of the frustrations build up during the previous decades.
The Formation of Democracy in Korea in Light of French Experience
Authors: Tai-Young Hong
Published: January 2012

This paper analyzes the history of democracy in Korean modernity from the viewpoint of the establishment of the nation-state and its transformation in the light of French experience. It examines first the formation of democracy in Korea, followed by three attendant problems: subjects, state power, and representation. We must presuppose some perspectives for our examination. Above all, the formation of democracy must be contextualized in Korean modernity. That is, we must study the history of the nation-state in the context of the opening of ports and colonization. In Korea, modernity, nation-state, and democracy are combined. Just as the French nation ***-state was not the direct result of the 1789 Revolution but that of the long nineteenth century that followed the Revolution, the formation of the Korean nation-state was the result of a long history of modernity in Korea. We can see democracy not as an institution but as a historical movement. Different ideologies have tried to appropriate democracy, which is seen as an ideal, for their own purposes. As a result, democracy became an actual, historical movement. Democracy is realized with the establishment of democratic subjects and democratic state power.
The Impact of the Automobile and its Culture in the U.S.
Authors: Joo Jeongsuk
Published: January 2012

This paper examines how the automobile, as an important part of American culture, transformed American culture and society. Especially focusing on the 1950s, it highlights how the automobile and the automobile industry heralded and constituted the expanding grip of consumer culture in the U.S. during this period. It focuses on three major developments within the automobile industry in the 1950s that contributed to the postwar fixation of consumer culture in American society, mass production, the marketing strategy of planned obsolescence and the increase in the purchasing power of the working class that enabled mass consumption. It shows how these developments and the increasing emphasis on consumption were already present, yet failed to fully take off, during the 1920s. Then, the paper examines how automobiles helped spawn cultural and spatial transformations in America by looking at the advent of drive-in culture and mass suburbanization during the 1950s.
The Historical Evolution of SADC(C) and Regionalism in Southern Africa
Authors: Hwang Kyu Deug
Published: January 2012

This paper analyzes the creation and evolution of Southern African regionalism (s) including the FLS and SADCC up to the end of apartheid. The primary and root causes of current SADC regionalism, which were embedded in the course of development of the past regional projects, will be elaborated from the earlier period of European colonialism to the ending of the apartheid era. In this paper, focusing on evolutionary regionalism in Southern Africa in times of historical relations of enmity among and within nation-states, it attempts to provide the fundamental mechanisms of the regional organization. This will, as a result, facilitate an understanding of the nature of contemporary SADC regionalism of post-apartheid Southern Africa.
Opportunities and Challenges to Vietnamese Accession to the WTO
Authors: Kang Moonsung
Published: January 2012

This paper evaluates opportunities and challenges that Vietnam faces after its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Vietnam is expected to have various opportunities, including access to markets of all WTO members, consumers' gains from trade liberalization, improvement of economic efficiency, economic development through trade liberalization, benefits from the rule-based multilateral trading system, good governance, etc. However, it faces several challenges as well, including adjustment costs, loss of some sovereignty to policies, problems related to a transition economy, loss of tariff revenue, competition from least-developed countries in textile/clothing industry, lack of high-level expertise, etc. Based on the evaluation on these opportunities and challenges, we provide some policy suggestions to Vietnam.
Ethics of Expression in Greco-Roman and Chinese Tradition
Authors: Park Woo Soo
Published: January 2012

Ethic of expression or ethos is one of the three elements, together with logos and pathos, comprising the ways of rhetorical persuasion. It is generally assumed both in the West and the East that the character of a speaker or a writer is embedded in his/her expressions. In ancient Greece, Plato represents an idealistic view of ethos because he admits no barrier between the moral virtue (s) of a speaker and his/her expressions. Aristotle is more lenient and realistic, since he argues for neutrality in value judgment of the art of rhetoric itself. These two different views of the character and ethics of expression repeat themselves, mutatis mutandis, in Rome and other European countries. Augustine and other Christian rhetoricians follow the tracks of Plato; Cicero is nearer to the side of Aristotle. The realistic view of ethos reaches its acme in Machiavelli's realpolitik. In the Orient, especially in China and other Confucian countries, great emphasis is put on the importance of the ethics of expression. Here writing, both in contents and forms, represents the proper man. Calligraphy is none other than the way and vehicle to deliver the moral virtues of a writer. While the idealistic view of ethos is predominant in the Chinese tradition of rhetorical writing, the contrary view of realism is also found in Hanfei and other legalists. The question of ethos is irretrievably intertwined with the problem of subjectivity of a speaking and writing subject.
A Comparative Study of the Trade Barriers in Vietnam and Thailand
Authors: Doanh Nguyen Khanh , Heo Yoon
Published: January 2012

Although the issues of trade barriers have been discussed extensively in the existing economic literature, little evidence has been documented regarding the structures, characteristics, and trends of the trade barriers, including non-tariff barriers, in Vietnam and Thailand from a comparative perspective. This study analyzes how Vietnam and Thailand balance their needs to protect domestic industries and compliance with regional and multilateral commitments. This study's findings are summarized as follows: First, both Vietnam and Thailand have similar tariff structures based on products and their origins, although the tariff schedule of Thailand is more complex than that of Vietnam. Second, Vietnam's tariffs are more dispersed across the items than those of Thailand, due to the higher maximum tariff rate and percentage of tariff lines, ranging from 0–5 percent. Third, in terms of tariff escalation, the magnitude in Vietnam is higher than in Thailand. Fourth, the non-tariff structure of Thailand is more complex than that in Vietnam. Finally, when putting all the pieces of the complex web of trade distortions together, it appears both countries give more protection to the agricultural sector than non-agricultural sectors, but the intensity of protection in Vietnam is higher than in Thailand.
EU's External Relations with South East Asia
Authors: Kim Si Hong
Published: January 2012

For Europe South East Asia has been a focus of strategic interests. Since 1977 formal contacts began and through these 30 years the two regions experienced mutual comprehension as well as misunderstanding owing partly to the performing balancing functions. Human rights issue is up to now a very subtle one to deal with. This entails asymmetrical position not only between Europe and Asia but also among member states of the ASEAN in levels of socio-economic developments. ASEM took the significant role in the interregionalism during the past decade. Still there needs some concrete agenda for the long-term and sustainable relationship. One such agenda might be learning lessons from Europe in terms of half century integration history and processes.
Korean Immigrants and Business Development in the United States: Toward a Synthetic Perspective
Authors: Suh Moon-Gi
Published: January 2012

This study attempts to explore the reasons why a particular minority community such as Korean immigrants has been able to successfully adapt to the U. S. economy, compared to other ethnic groups. It focuses on community characteristics in the ability to collectively mobilize resources for building businesses and self-employment. Contradictory reports in the literature, however, concerning the superior or inferior development of the self-employment business is related to the emphasis of the different aspects of minority groups. It is argued here that such ramification of explanations is unnecessary and that a more synthetic theoretical argument can be forwarded to explain the success of minority business of Korean immigrants. The baseline toward a theoretical framework is to account for the complex interrelation between economic and non-economic factors that underpin the historical context in which immigrant businesses survive and adapt. The study suggests that the issue of immigrant-owned business in the United States can be best understood in terms of the synergy view by which different theories and models of minority business are integrated and embodied in family relations.
In Search of “Unity in Diversity”: The Image of Women in New Order Indonesia
Authors: Soh Byungkuk
Published: January 2012

This paper analyzes the conflict between the aims and desires of the New Order regime and the actual course that social change took in Indonesia. Through the analysis, it attempts to answer what “Unity in Diversity”, the national motto means in practice under the government. To the aim, this paper first examines the efficacy of films as historical evidence. Secondly, it reviews several films released in New Order Indonesia by the 1980's and observes a multiplicity of images of women reflected in films. Thirdly, this paper analyzes New Order regime's image of women and interprets the reasons why the government ignored social changes reflected in films. Based upon the examinations, it concludes that “Unity” was the creation of a shared civic culture seen as an essential component of the modernization and development process. “Diversity” was the tolerance of the varied traditional cultures of the new nation in New Order Indonesia.