bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PITX2‐dependent gene regulation in atrial fibrillation and rhythm control
Authors: Syeda Fahima , Kirchhof Paulus , Fabritz Larissa
Published: February 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia. Better prevention and treatment of AF are needed to reduce AF‐associated morbidity and mortality. There are several major mechanisms that cause AF in patients, including a genetic predisposition to develop AF. Genome‐wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with AF populations, with the strongest hits clustering on chromosome 4q25, close to the gene for the homeobox transcription factor PITX2. The effect of these common gene variants on cardiac PITX2 mRNA is currently under study. PITX2 protein regulates right–left differentiation of the embryonic heart, thorax and aorta. PITX2 is expressed in the adult left atrium, but much less so in other heart chambers. Pitx2 deficiency results in electrical and structural remodelling, and impaired repair of the heart in murine models, all of which may influence AF through divergent mechanisms. PITX2 levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 4q25 may also be a predictor of the effectiveness of anti‐arrhythmic drug therapy.

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Mechanisms of pruritogen‐induced activation of itch nerves in isolated mouse skin
Authors: Ru F. , Sun H. , Jurcakova D. , Herbstsomer R. A. , Meixong J. , Dong X. , Undem B. J.
Published: February 2017

Key points

Chloroquine (CQ) stimulates itch nerves and causes intense scratching in mice by activating the G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) MrgprA3; it is not known how stimulation of MrgprA3 (or other GPCRs) leads to activation of the itch nerve terminals in the skin, but previous studies have found that transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) gene deletion blocks CQ‐induced scratching.

In the present study we used a novel dorsal skin–nerve preparation to evaluate mechanisms underlying CQ‐ and histamine‐induced action potential discharge in itch nerve terminals.

We found that CQ activation of the nerves requires the beta3 isoform of phospholipase C, but TRPA1 or other TRP channel are not required.

Evidence is provided for a role for calcium‐activated chloride channels such as TMEM16a in GPCR‐activation of itch nerve terminals.

The mechanism by which TRP channels participate in pruritogen‐induced scratching may involve sites of action other than the primary afferent terminals.

Chloroquine (CQ) and histamine are pruritogens commonly used to study itch in the mouse. A novel skin–nerve preparation was used to evaluate chloroquine (CQ)‐ and histamine‐induced activation of afferent nerves in the dorsal thoracic skin of the mouse. All CQ sensitive nerves were C‐fibres, and were also sensitive to histamine. The response to CQ, but not histamine, was largely absent in mrgpr‐cluster Δ−/− mice, supporting the hypothesis that CQ evokes itch largely via stimulation of MrgprA3 receptors. The CQ‐induced action potential discharge was largely absent in phospholipase Cβ3 knockout animals. The CQ and histamine responses were not influenced by removal of TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPC3 or TRPC6, nor by the TRP channel blocker Ruthenium Red. The bouts of scratching in response to CQ were not different between wild‐type and TRPA1‐deficient mice. A selective inhibitor of the calcium‐activated chloride channel TMEM16A, N‐((4‐methoxy)‐2‐naphthyl)‐5‐nitroanthranilic acid (MONNA), inhibited CQ‐induced action potential discharge at itch nerve terminals and bouts of scratching by about 50%. Although TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels may be involved in the scratching responses to intradermal pruritogens, this is unlikely to be due to an effect at the nerve terminals, where chloride channels may play a more important role.
Evaluating Internet-Based Information on Physical Activity for Children and Youth With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Tristani Lauren K. , Bassett-Gunter Rebecca , Tanna Sunita
Published: February 2017

Parents are an important source of support for facilitating physical activity in children and youth with disabilities (CYWD). Approximately 70% of parents report using the Internet to search for information regarding their children’s health. This study examined the theoretical content of physical activity information contained on publicly available Web sites targeting parents of CYWD. Web sites were amassed using Google, a combination of various search terms, and predetermined inclusion criteria. The Web sites were coded and analyzed using the content-analysis approach to the theory of specified persuasive educational communication. Half of the total Web site content targeted knowledge-based information and messages concerning outcome expectancies. Web sites infrequently included messages concerning self-regulation. Furthermore, the majority of the Web sites were accumulated using the generic term disability. This research highlights the gaps between theory and practice, emphasizing the need for better knowledge-translation practices.
Child Behaviors of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Across Play Settings
Authors: MacDonald Megan , Hatfield Bridget , Twardzik Erica
Published: February 2017

The hallmark characteristics of a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are deficits in social communicative skills and the use of repetitive and/or stereotyped behaviors. In addition, children with ASD experience known motor-skill delays. The purpose of this study was to examine salient child behaviors of young children with and without ASD in 2 distinctly different play settings: a traditional social-play-based setting and a motor-behavior-based play setting. Child behavior (engagement toward parent, negativity, and attention) and dyad characteristics (connectedness) were examined in 2 distinctly different play settings. Results indicated that children with ASD performed more like their peers without ASD in a social-play-based setting and less like their peers in a motor-behavior-based play setting. Aspects of our results shed light on the critical need to develop creative methods of early intervention that combine efforts in all aspects of child development, including motor-skill development.
An Analysis of BBC Television Coverage of the 2014 Invictus Games
Authors: Shirazipour Celina H. , Meehan Madelaine , Latimer-Cheung Amy E.
Published: February 2017

The Invictus Games are a parasport competition for service members and veterans with illnesses and injuries. The 2014 Games were aired by the BBC, for a total of 12 hr of coverage. This study aimed to investigate what messages were conveyed regarding parasport for veterans during the BBC’s Invictus Games broadcast. A content analysis was conducted. Five qualitative themes were identified: sport as rehabilitation, the promotion of ability over disability, the social environment, key outcomes of participation, and the importance of competition. Quantitative results indicated that 2 segment types accounted for the majority of the broadcast: sport coverage (50.57%) and athlete experiences (12.56%). Around half of the coverage focused on participants with a physical disability (51.62%). The findings demonstrate key similarities to and differences from previous explorations of parasport media coverage, with the needs of the event and athlete population potentially influencing the broadcast.
SeverePlasmodium knowlesiwith dengue coinfection
Authors: Che Rahim Mohd Jazman , Mohammad Nurashikin , Besari Alwi Muhd , Wan Ghazali Wan Syamimee
Published: February 2017

We report a case of severePlasmodium knowlesiand dengue coinfection in a previously healthy 59-year-old Malay man who presented with worsening shortness of breath, high-grade fever with chills and rigors, dry cough, myalgia, arthralgia, chest discomfort and poor appetite of 1 week duration. There was a history mosquito fogging around his neighbourhood in his hometown. Further history revealed that he went to a forest in Jeli (northern part of Kelantan) 3 weeks prior to the event. Initially he was treated as severe dengue with plasma leakage complicated with type 1 respiratory failure as evidenced by positive serum NS1-antigen and thrombocytopenia. Blood for malarial parasite (BFMP) was sent for test as there was suspicion of malaria due to persistent thrombocytopenia despite recovering from dengue infection and the presence of a risk factor. The test revealed high count of malaria parasite. Confirmatory PCR identified the parasite to bePlasmodium knowlesi. Intravenous artesunate was administered to the patient immediately after acquiring the BFMP result. Severe malaria was complicated with acute kidney injury and septicaemic shock. Fortunately the patient made full recovery and was discharged from the ward after 2 weeks of hospitalisation.
Triple-negative breast cancer with brain metastasis in a pregnant woman
Authors: Trinca Francisco , Inácio Mariana , Timóteo Teresa , Dinis Rui
Published: February 2017

A woman aged 35 years was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer in October 2012. During the investigation, it was discovered that she was pregnant, the patient decided to have an abortion. She was submitted to a radical modified mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant breast radiotherapy of the left breast. 2 months after the adjuvant treatment, she began to have headaches and dizziness. The cranial MRI (head MRI) showed brain metastasis. She was then treated with whole brain radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery and concomitant temozolomide which resulted in complete response. 1.5 year later, she was able to get pregnant and gave birth to a baby without complications. The previous imaging reassessment performed in September 2016 shows no evidence of recurrent breast cancer.
Anticoagulant-related nephropathy in a patient with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Góis Mário , Azevedo Ariana , Carvalho Fernanda , Nolasco Fernando
Published: February 2017

Anticoagulant-related nephropathy is a type of acute kidney injury caused by overcoagulation. We describe a case of an 84-year-old man with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation treated with acenocoumarol, who presented with haematoproteinuria and acute kidney injury during a phase of excessive anticoagulation. In addition to IgA nephropathy, renal biopsy also revealed acute tubular necrosis, red blood cell casts and positive iron staining in tubular cells. After this acute episode, renal function improved and proteinuria decreased below the nephrotic range.
A MULTI-RESOLUTION RECONSTRUCTION METHOD FOR NATURAL LINEAR FEATURES BASED ON RESTRICTED FRACTAL INTERPOLATION
Authors: JIANG BAO-DE , ZHOU LIN , WU LIANG , XIE ZHONG
Published: February 2017

Multi-resolution representation has wide application demands in the field of Geographic Information System (GIS). The existing fractal interpolation methods can implement the reconstruction of natural linear features from low resolution to high resolution, but they are unable to quantify the relationship between the number of fractal iterations and the resolution, and the fractal interpolation results cannot maintain the geographical characteristics of natural linear features. This study presents a multi-resolution reconstruction method for natural linear features in GIS based on the restricted fractal interpolation. First, the geographical characteristics of natural linear features are extracted to restrict the parameters of fractal interpolation function and control the process of fractal interpolation. Second, a mathematical function is deduced for identifying the relationship between the number of fractal iterations and the resolution. The experiment results demonstrate that this study can reconstruct various preset high-resolution linear features from the low-resolution linear data while the geographical characteristics and random fractal characteristics of natural linear features are kept well.
Detection and Analytical Capabilities for Trace Level of Carbon in High-Purity Metals by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with a Frequency Quintupled 213 nm Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Ohata Masaki , Nakae Toshiki
Published: February 2017

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with a frequency quintupled 213 nm Nd:YAG laser was examined to the analysis of trace level of carbon (C) in high-purity metals and its detection and analytical capabilities were evaluated. Though C signal in a wavelength of 247.9 nm, which showed the highest sensitivity of C, could be obtained from Cd, Ti, and Zn ca. 7000 mg kg−1 C in Fe could not be detected due to the interferences from a lot of Fe spectra. Alternative C signal in a wavelength of 193.1 nm could not be also detected from Fe due to the insufficient laser output energy of the frequency quintupled 213 nm Nd:YAG laser. The depth analysis of C by LIBS was also demonstrated and the C in Cd and Zn was found to be contaminated in only surface area whereas the C in Ti was distributed in bulk. From these results, the frequency quintupled 213 nm Nd:YAG laser, which was adopted widely as a commercial laser ablation (LA) system coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for trace element analysis in solid materials, could be used for C analysis to achieve simultaneous measurements for both C and trace elements in metals by LIBS and LA-ICPMS, respectively.
Correlation Analysis of Ocular Symptoms and Signs in Patients with Dry Eye
Authors: Song Hang , Zhang Mingzhou , Hu Xiaodan , Li Kaixiu , Jiang Xiaodan , Liu Yan , Lv Huibin , Li Xuemin
Published: February 2017

Purpose. To analyze the correlations between the ocular surface signs and symptoms in patients with dry eye.Methods.In this observational study, 176 dry eye patients, including 60 males and 116 females, were enrolled and their dry eye symptoms and ocular signs were observed. Partial correlation analysis was conducted between OSDI score and each ocular surface sign, and the correlations were further discussed in different age groups. Then multiple linear regression analysis was used to further explore the influence of these signs on OSDI score.Results. Our correlation analyses showed that rounding of lid margins, notching of lid margins, vascularity of lid margins, hyperkeratinization, plugging of orifices, main duct dropout, and conjunctival congestion all had a positive correlation with OSDI score, while main duct number (central 1 cm) and BUT had a negative one. Further analysis suggested that these correlations varied in different age groups. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that main duct number (central 1 cm), rounding of lid margins, and hyperkeratinization significantly affected OSDI score.Conclusions. Close attention should be paid to the morphology and structure of the eyelid margin and the function of meibomian gland in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of dry eye diseases.
Diallyl Trisulfide Suppresses Oxidative Stress‐Induced Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells through Production of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jin Huanhuan , Wu Li , Shao Jiangjuan , Zhu Xiaojing , Chen Anping , Zheng Shizhong
Published: February 2017

Accumulating data reveal that garlic has beneficial effects against chronic liver disease. We previously reported that diallyl trisulfide (DATS), the primary organosulfur compound in garlic, reduced fibrosis and attenuated oxidative stress in rat fibrotic liver. The present study was aimed at elucidating the underlying mechanisms. The primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultured and stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for inducing HSC activation under oxidative stress. We examined the effects of DATS on the profibrogenic properties and oxidative stress in H2O2‐treated HSCs. The results showed that DATS suppressed and reduced fibrotic marker expression in HSCs. DATS arrested cell cycle at G2/M checkpoint associated with downregulating cyclin B1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1, induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis, and reduced migration in HSCs. Moreover, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxide were decreased by DATS, but intracellular levels of glutathione were increased in HSCs. Furthermore, DATS significantly elevated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels within HSCs, but iodoacetamide (IAM) reduced H2S levels and significantly abrogated DATS production of H2S within HSCs. IAM also abolished all the inhibitory effects of DATS on the profibrogenic properties and oxidative stress in HSCs. Altogether, we demonstrated an H2S‐associated mechanism underlying DATS inhibition of profibrogenic properties and alleviation of oxidative stress in HSCs. Modulation of H2S production may represent a therapeutic remedy for liver fibrosis.
Dyslipidemia rather than Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Chronic Periodontitis Affects the Systemic Expression of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Genes
Authors: Nepomuceno Rafael , Villela Bárbara Scoralick , Corbi Sâmia Cruz Tfaile , Bastos Alliny De Souza , Dos Santos Raquel Alves , Takahashi Catarina Satie , Orrico Silvana Regina Perez , Scarel-Caminaga Raquel Mantuaneli
Published: February 2017

A high percentage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients are also affected by dyslipidemia and chronic periodontitis (CP), but no studies have determined the gene expression in patients that are simultaneously affected by all three diseases. We investigated the systemic expression of immune-related genes in T2D, dyslipidemia, and CP patients. One hundred and fifty patients were separated into five groups containing 30 individuals each: (G1) poorly controlled T2D with dyslipidemia and CP; (G2) well-controlled T2D with dyslipidemia and CP; (G3) normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia and CP; (G4) healthy individuals with CP; (G5) systemic and periodontally healthy individuals. Blood analyses of lipid and glycemic profiles were carried out. The expression of genes, includingIL10, JAK1, STAT3, SOCS3, IP10, ICAM1, IFNA, IFNG, STAT1,andIRF1,was investigated by RT-qPCR. Patients with dyslipidemia demonstrated statistically higher expression of theIL10andIFNAgenes, whileIFNG, IP10, IRF1, JAK1,andSTAT3were lower in comparison with nondyslipidemic patients. Anti-inflammatory genes, such asIL10, positively correlated with parameters of glucose, lipid, and periodontal profiles, while proinflammatory genes, such asIFNG, were negatively correlated with these parameters. We conclude that dyslipidemia appears to be the primary disease that is associated with gene expression of immune-related genes, while parameters of T2D and CP were correlated with the expression of these important immune genes.
Study on Reverse Reconstruction Method of Vehicle Group Situation in Urban Road Network Based on Driver‐Vehicle Feature Evolution
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Wang Jianqiang , Liu Zhenxue , Liu Yaqi , Wang Jingheng
Published: February 2017

Vehicle group situation is the status and situation of dynamic permutation which is composed of target vehicle and neighboring traffic entities. It is a concept which is frequently involved in the research of traffic flow theory, especially the active vehicle security. Studying vehicle group situation in depth is of great significance for traffic safety. Three‐lane condition was taken as an example; the characteristics of target vehicle and its neighboring vehicles were synthetically considered to restructure the vehicle group situation in this paper. The Gamma distribution theory was used to identify the vehicle group situation when target vehicle arrived at the end of the study area. From the perspective of driver‐vehicle feature evolution, the reverse reconstruction method of vehicle group situation in the urban road network was proposed. Results of actual driving, virtual driving, and simulation experiments showed that the model established in this paper was reasonable and feasible.
Experimental Aspects in the Vibration-Based Condition Monitoring of Large Hydrogenerators
Authors: Brito Junior Geraldo Carvalho , Machado Roberto Dalledone , Chaves Neto Anselmo , Martini Mateus Feiertag
Published: February 2017

Based on experimental observations on a set of twenty 700 MW hydrogenerators, compiled from several technical reports issued over the last three decades and collected from the reprocessing of the vibration signals recorded during the last commissioning tests, this paper shows that the accurate determination of the journal bearings operating conditions may be a difficult task. It shows that the outsize bearing brackets of large hydrogenerators are subject to substantial dimensional changes caused by external agents, like the generator electromagnetic field and the bearing cooling water temperature. It also shows that the shaft eccentricity of a journal bearing of a healthy large hydrogenerator, operating in steady-state condition, may experience unpredictable, sudden, and significant changes without apparent reasons. Some of these phenomena are reproduced in ordinary commissioning tests or may be noticed even during normal operation, while others are rarely observed or are only detected through special tests. These phenomena modify journal bearings stiffness and damping, changing the hydrogenerator dynamics, creating discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements, and making damage detection and diagnostics difficult. Therefore, these phenomena must be analyzed and considered in the application of vibration-based condition monitoring to these rotating machines.
Association of Circulating IGFBP1 Level with the Severity of Coronary Artery Lesions in Patients with Unstable Angina
Authors: Zheng Wei , Lai Yayu , Jin Peng , Gu Wenzhu , Zhou Qi , Wu Xiaojing
Published: February 2017

Aims.Local IGFBP1 level was reported to affect the development of coronary artery plaque. This study investigated the association of circulating IGFBP1 level with the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with unstable angina.Materials and Methods.In 112 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed unstable angina, admitted from July 2014 to July 2015, we studied the correlations of circulating IGFBP1 and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Results.All patients underwent scheduled coronary angiography, and 67 cases were diagnosed with critical and 45 with noncritical CAD. Of the 67 critical CAD patients, 41 (61.19%) presented with multivessel and 26 (38.81%) with single-vessel lesions. IGFBP1 levels were higher in patients with multivessel than those with single-vessel lesions. Moreover, the IGFBP1 level was positively correlated with the GRACE score. Among clinical variables, the IGFBP1 level was correlated with HDL-C. IGFBP1 alone (cutoff 20.86 ng/ml) demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.448 and specificity of 0.933 in predicting CAD. Combination of IGFBP1 and HDL-C had a sensitivity of 0.821 and specificity of 0.800 in predicting CAD.Conclusions.Circulating IGFBP1 level positively correlated with the severity of CAD. IGFBP1, when combined with HDL-C, might be useful in screening for high risk CAD patients.
Adulteration and Contamination of Commercial Sap of Hymenaea Species
Authors: Farias Katyuce de Souza , Auharek Sarah Alves , Cunha-Laura Andréa Luiza , de Souza Jeana Mara Escher , Damasceno-Junior Geraldo Alves , Toffoli-Kadri Mônica Cristina , de Oliveira Filiú Wander Fernando , dos Santos Edson dos Anjos , Chang Marilene Rodrigues , Carollo Carlos Alexandre
Published: February 2017

The Hymenaea stigonocarpa and Hymenaea martiana species, commonly known as “jatobá,” produce a sap which is extracted by perforation of the trunk and is commonly used in folk medicine as a tonic. For this study, the authenticity of commercial samples of jatobá was verified by the identification of the main compounds and multivariate analysis and contamination by microbial presence analysis. The acute toxicity of the authentic jatobá sap was also evaluated. The metabolites composition and multivariate analysis revealed that none of the commercial samples were authentic. In the microbiological contamination analysis, five of the six commercial samples showed positive cultures within the range of 1,700–100,000 CFU/mL and the authentic sap produced no signs of toxicity, and from a histological point of view, there was the maintenance of tissue integrity. In brief, the commercial samples were deemed inappropriate for consumption and represent a danger to the population.
Atypical Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Associated with Use of Clozapine
Authors: Leonardo Quevedo-Florez , Juliana Granada-Romero , Fernando Camargo-Arenas Juan
Published: February 2017

The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a medical emergency of infrequent presentation in the emergency department, which is associated with the use of psychiatric drugs, such as typical and atypical antipsychotics. Our case addresses a 55-year-old patient diagnosed with undifferentiated schizophrenia for 10 years, who had been receiving clozapine and clonazepam as part of their treatment. This patient presents the symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome without fever, which improves with treatment especially with the withdrawal of clozapine. In the absence of fever and clinical improvement, the patient is considered to have an atypical presentation of this disease.
Wideband and UWB Antennas for Wireless Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Cicchetti Renato , Miozzi Emanuela , Testa Orlandino
Published: February 2017

A comprehensive review concerning the geometry, the manufacturing technologies, the materials, and the numerical techniques, adopted for the analysis and design of wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) antennas for wireless applications, is presented. Planar, printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable on laminate (rigid and flexible), and textile dielectric substrates are taken into account. The performances of small, low-profile, and dielectric resonator antennas are illustrated paying particular attention to the application areas concerning portable devices (mobile phones, tablets, glasses, laptops, wearable computers, etc.) and radio base stations. This information provides a guidance to the selection of the different antenna geometries in terms of bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domain response, dimensions, and materials useful for their realization and integration in modern communication systems.
Assessment of a New Approach for Systematic Subsurface Drip Irrigation Management
Authors: Ben Ali Hédi , Hammami Moncef , Saidi Ahmed , Boukchina Rachid
Published: February 2017

This paper aimed to assess the reliability of a new approach that provides systematic irrigation management based on fixed water suction in the vadose zone. Trials were carried out in the experimental farm of IRA Gabès on subsurface drip irrigated (SDI) tomato plot. The SDI system was designed so that the soil water content is to be maintained within prescribed interval ascertaining the best plant growth. Irrigation management was systematically monitored by water suction evolution in the vadose zone. Recorded results showed that all-over irrigation season lateral pressure head ranged within 93.3 ± 20.0; 119.95 ± 53.35 and 106.6 ± 40.0 mb, respectively, at the upstream, middle, and downstream. The correspondent lateral pressure head distribution uniformity ranged within 97.1% and 99.6%. Soil water content varied within 0.2175 ± 0.0165; 0.206 ± 0.0195 and 0.284 ± 0.100 beneath the inlet, the behalf, and the lateral end tip. The correspondent soil water distribution uniformity was higher than 80.7% all-over irrigation season. Based on the recorded results, the proposed approach could be a helpful tool for accurate SDI systems design and best water supplies management. Nevertheless, further trials are needed to assess the approach reliability in different cropping conditions.
Intuitionistic Trapezoidal Fuzzy Group Decision‐Making Based on Prospect Choquet Integral Operator and Grey Projection Pursuit Dynamic Cluster
Authors: Yuan Jiahang , Li Cunbin
Published: February 2017

In consideration of the interaction among attributes and the influence of decision makers’ risk attitude, this paper proposes an intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy aggregation operator based on Choquet integral and prospect theory. With respect to a multiattribute group decision‐making problem, the prospect value functions of intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are aggregated by the proposed operator; then a grey relation‐projection pursuit dynamic cluster method is developed to obtain the ranking of alternatives; the firefly algorithm is used to optimize the objective function of projection for obtaining the best projection direction of grey correlation projection values, and the grey correlation projection values are evaluated, which are applied to classify, rank, and prefer the alternatives. Finally, an illustrative example is taken in the present study to make the proposed method comprehensible.
Retiform Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a 38-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report, Retrospective Review, and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Nwogu Laura C. , Showalter Josh A. , Roy Suvra , Deavers Michael T. , Zhao Bihong
Published: February 2017

Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors arise from the stromal cells that surround and support the oocytes. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors belong to this category of ovarian neoplasms. We present the case of a 38-year-old woman who was found to have a right ovarian mass. The mass was resected and diagnosed as Stage I Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, retiform variant, following histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination. This case is unusual given the rarity of the retiform variant of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and the atypically older age of 38 years at presentation.
Donor-Derived Smoldering Multiple Myeloma following a Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for AML
Authors: Fakhri Bita , Fiala Mark , Slade Michael , Westervelt Peter , Ghobadi Armin
Published: February 2017

Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) is one of the most common malignancies complicating solid organ transplantation. In contrast, PTLD accounts for a minority of secondary cancers following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Here we report on a 61-year-old woman who received an ABO-mismatched, HLA-matched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation from a presumably healthy donor for a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Eighteen months following her transplant, she developed a monoclonal gammopathy. Bone marrow studies revealed 10% plasma cells, but the patient lacked clinical defining features of multiple myeloma (MM); thus a diagnosis of smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) was established. Cytogenetic and molecular studies of the bone marrow confirmed the plasma cells were donor-derived. The donor lacks a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, SMM, or MM.
Application of Variance Analyses Comparison in Seismic Damage Assessment of Masonry Buildings Using Three Simplified Indexes
Authors: Su Qiwang , Cai Gaochuang , Degée Hervé
Published: February 2017

The reasonable assessment of potential damage type of masonry structures in seismic‐prone zone is very significant to strengthen existing masonry structures and guide the construction of the new building. The primary objective of the study is to propose and determine a reasonable assessment index to predict the damage type of masonry structures in different seismic intensity zones using the survey results of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and variance analyses comparison methods. Three potential theory assessment indexes are considered in the evaluation of damage of masonry structures, including wall density index Iw, strength index Isq, and combined index Isd. In order to compare the feasibility of the three indexes, One‐way analysis of variance and Scheffé’s method were used for in‐depth discussion. Based on the proposed assessment indexes, further analyses and recommendations were provided. Results show the combined index Isd has a high potential to predict the damage levels of masonry structures. Based on the study, several recommendations were provided for the masonry structures in seismic‐prone zones.
The Role of IL-17 and Related Cytokines in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Kuwabara Taku , Ishikawa Fumio , Kondo Motonari , Kakiuchi Terutaka
Published: February 2017

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) induces the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL2 and is a cytokine that acts as an inflammation mediator. During infection, IL-17 is needed to eliminate extracellular bacteria and fungi, by inducing antimicrobial peptides such as defensin. This cytokine also plays an important role in chronic inflammation that occurs during the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and allergies such as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for which a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is available. In autoimmune diseases such as RA and multiple sclerosis (MS), IL-17 is produced by helper T (Th) cells that are stimulated by IL-1βand IL-6 derived from phagocytes such as macrophages and from tissue cells. IL-17 contributes to various lesions that are produced by Th17 cells, one subset of helper T cells, and byγδT cells and innate lymphoid cells. It strongly contributes to autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by chronic inflammation. Thus, a functional understanding of Th17 cells is extremely important. In this review, we highlight the roles of cytokines that promote the development and maintenance of pathogenic Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases.
Spontaneous Intramural Oesophageal Haematoma in a Patient with Uncontrolled Hypertension: An Unusual Chest Pain Aetiology
Authors: Cooray Samantha , Dellaportas Dionysios , Caruana Clifford , Davies Andrew R.
Published: February 2017

Introduction. Spontaneous intramural oesophageal haematoma is a rare condition that usually occurs secondary to an acute or chronic coagulation disorder. The presenting complaint is often with retrosternal chest pain and most patients are initially investigated to exclude more common causes in the differential diagnosis, such as acute coronary syndromes. Severe life-threatening bleeding or perforation seldom, if ever, arises. Case Presentation. We present a case of spontaneous oesophageal haematoma which appears to have developed gradually in a 69-year-old female with uncontrolled hypertension and antiplatelet medication use. The diagnosis was made on computed tomography imaging and was further evaluated with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Management was conservative and a follow-up endoscopy two weeks later showed almost complete resolution of the lesion. Discussion. Spontaneous oesophageal haematomas are very rare and usually result in the separation of the mucosal layer from the underlying muscle, presenting with chest pain, haematemesis, and dysphagia. Usually the diagnosis is one of exclusion, based on computed tomography imaging and endoscopy. Conservative management is almost always successful.
The Cauchy Problem for Space-Time Monopole Equations in Temporal and Spatial Gauge
Authors: Huh Hyungjin , Yim Jihyun
Published: February 2017

We prove global existence of solution to space-time monopole equations in one space dimension under the spatial gauge condition A1=0 and the temporal gauge condition A0=0.
Peritoneal Nebulization of Ropivacaine during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Dose Finding and Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Allegri Massimo , Ornaghi Martina , Ferland Catherine E. , Bugada Dario , Meghani Yash , Calcinati Serena , De Gregori Manuela , Lovisari Federica , Radhakrishnan Krishnaprabha , Cusato Maria , Scalia Catenacci Stefano , Somaini Marta , Fanelli Guido , Ingelmo Pablo
Published: February 2017

Background. Intraperitoneal nebulization of ropivacaine reduces postoperative pain and morphine consumption after laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of different doses and dose-related absorption of ropivacaine when nebulized in the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods. Patients were randomized to receive 50, 100, or 150 mg of ropivacaine 1% by peritoneal nebulization through a nebulizer. Morphine consumption, pain intensity in the abdomen, wound and shoulder, time to unassisted ambulation, discharge time, and adverse effects were collected during the first 48 hours after surgery. The pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine was evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography. Results. Nebulization of 50 mg of ropivacaine had the same effect of 100 or 150 mg in terms of postoperative morphine consumption, shoulder pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, activity resumption, and hospital discharge timing (>0.05). Plasma concentrations did not reach toxic levels in any patient, and no significant differences were observed between groups (P>0.05). Conclusions. There is no enhancement in analgesic efficacy with higher doses of nebulized ropivacaine during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. When administered with a microvibration-based aerosol humidification system, the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine is constant and maintains an adequate safety profile for each dosage tested.
Pullout Test on Fully Grouted Bolt Sheathed by Different Length of Segmented Steel Tubes
Authors: Feng Xiaowei , Zhang Nong , Li Guichen , Guo Gangye
Published: February 2017

In order to evaluate the anchorage performance of rebar bolt sheathed by different length of segmented steel tubes, a total of eight groups of pullout tests were conducted in this study. The steel tubes, segmented by 5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, utilized in current study were bonded together by a high performance two-component adhesive to form standard 30 cm long steel tube. Unlike axial stress distribution in bolt, the axial stress distribution in steel tube showed exponential decrease trend from tube-clamp end to bolt-clamp end; thus a series of interesting results were observed. For instance, the sequence for segments detachment had its specific order of priority; the failure form of bolting system, the load oscillation characteristics, and the final displacement were highly determined by the length of the last segment, namely, the one fixed by clamp of testing machine. Moreover, the load-displacement relationship for some particular samples was further investigated from the perspective of energy transformation, and the disequilibrium extension of interfacial decoupling was also discussed. This paper, from a relatively idealized perspective, presents a laboratorial solution to interpret the mechanical performance of the bolt installed in layered strata; so far at least it demonstrates that a bolt installed in comparatively thicker layer of strata can last more durable and stable.
TBHQ Alleviated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by PERK‐Nrf2 Crosstalk in Methamphetamine‐Induced Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity
Authors: Wang Yun , Gu Yu-Han , Liu Ming , Bai Yang , Liang Li-Ye , Wang Huai-Liang
Published: February 2017

Methamphetamine (MA) leads to cardiac and pulmonary toxicity expressed as increases in inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. However, some interactions may exist between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The current study is designed to investigate if both oxidative stress and ERS are involved in MA‐induced chronic pulmonary toxicity and if antioxidant tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) alleviated ERS‐apoptosis and oxidative stress by PERK‐Nrf2 crosstalk. In this study, the rats were randomly divided into control group, MA‐treated group (MA), and MA plus TBHQ‐treated group (MA + TBHQ). Chronic exposure to MA resulted in slower growth of weight and pulmonary toxicity of the rats by increasing the pulmonary arterial pressure, promoting the hypertrophy of right ventricle and the remodeling of pulmonary arteries. MA inhibited the Nrf2‐mediated antioxidative stress by downregulation of Nrf2, GCS, and HO‐1 and upregulation of SOD2. MA increased GRP78 to induce ERS. Overexpression and phosphorylation of PERK rapidly phosphorylated eIF2α, increased ATF4, CHOP, bax, caspase 3, and caspase 12, and decreased bcl‐2. These changes can be reversed by antioxidant TBHQ through upregulating expression of Nrf2. The above results indicated that TBHQ can alleviate MA‐induced oxidative stress which can accelerate ERS to initiate PERK‐dependent apoptosis and that PERK/Nrf2 is likely to be the key crosstalk between oxidative stress and ERS in MA‐induced chronic pulmonary toxicity.
Design, Implementation, and Study Protocol of a Kindergarten-Based Health Promotion Intervention
Authors: Kobel Susanne , Wartha Olivia , Wirt Tamara , Dreyhaupt Jens , Lämmle Christine , Friedemann Eva-Maria , Kelso Anne , Kutzner Claire , Hermeling Lina , Steinacker Jürgen M.
Published: February 2017

Inactivity and an unhealthy diet amongst others have led to an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity even in young children. Since most health behaviours develop during childhood health promotion has to start early. The setting kindergarten has been shown as ideal for such interventions. “Join the Healthy Boat” is a kindergarten-based health promotion programme with a cluster-randomised study focussing on increased physical activity, reduced screen media use, and sugar-sweetened beverages, as well as a higher fruit and vegetable intake. Intervention and materials were developed using Bartholomew’s Intervention Mapping approach considering Bandura’s social-cognitive theory and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological framework for human development. The programme is distributed using a train-the-trainer approach and currently implemented in 618 kindergartens. The effectiveness of this one-year intervention with an intervention and a control group will be examined in 62 kindergartens using standardised protocols, materials, and tools for outcome and process evaluation. A sample of 1021 children and their parents provided consent and participated in the intervention. Results of this study are awaited to give a better understanding of health behaviours in early childhood and to identify strategies for effective health promotion. The current paper describes development and design of the intervention and its implementation and planned evaluation.Trial Registration. The study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Freiburg University, Germany, ID:DRKS00010089.
Mycotic Aneurysm after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Treatment: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Coddington Nathaniel D. , Sandberg Jesse K. , Yang Chen , Sehn Jennifer K. , Kim Eric H. , Strope Seth A.
Published: February 2017

Background. Intravesicular Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an effective adjunctive therapy for superficial bladder cancer that has been shown to delay recurrence and progression of disease. Serious side effects are relatively rare but are difficult to diagnosis and commonly overlooked. Case Presentation. We report the case of a patient who was found to have mycotic aortic aneurysms secondary to treatment with BCG after a prolonged course with multiple intervening hospitalizations. Conclusion. Through this report, we discuss our present understanding of BCG infection following treatment and review the literature regarding this particular rare manifestation.
De Novo Human Cardiac Myocytes for Medical Research: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Hamel Veronique , Cheng Kang , Liao Shudan , Lu Aizhu , Zheng Yong , Chen Yawen , Xie Yucai , Liang Wenbin
Published: February 2017

The advent of cellular reprogramming technology has revolutionized biomedical research. De novo human cardiac myocytes can now be obtained from direct reprogramming of somatic cells (such as fibroblasts), from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs, which are reprogrammed from somatic cells), and from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Such de novo human cardiac myocytes hold great promise for in vitro disease modeling and drug screening and in vivo cell therapy of heart disease. Here, we review the technique advancements for generating de novo human cardiac myocytes. We also discuss several challenges for the use of such cells in research and regenerative medicine, such as the immature phenotype and heterogeneity of de novo cardiac myocytes obtained with existing protocols. We focus on the recent advancements in addressing such challenges.
Sildenafil Can Affect Innate and Adaptive Immune System in Both Experimental Animals and Patients
Authors: Kniotek Monika , Boguska Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

Sildenafil, a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5-I), is primarily used for treating erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil inhibits the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by competing with cGMP for binding site of PDE5. cGMP is a secondary messenger activating protein kinases and a common regulator of ion channel conductance, glycogenolysis, and cellular apoptosis. PDE5 inhibitors (PDE-Is) found application in cardiology, nephrology, urology, dermatology, oncology, and gynecology. Positive result of sildenafil treatment is closely connected with its immunomodulatory effects. Sildenafil influences angiogenesis, platelet activation, proliferation of regulatory T cells, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies. Sildenafil action in humans and animals appears to be different. Surprisingly, it also acts differently in males and females organisms. Although the immunomodulatory effects of PDE5 inhibitors appear to be promising, none of them reached the point of being tested in clinical trials. Data on the influence of selective PDE5-Is on the human immune system are limited. The main objective of this review is to discuss the immunomodulatory effects of sildenafil in both patients and experimental animals. This is the first review of the current state of knowledge about the effects of sildenafil on the immune system.
Endovenous Laser Ablation of Varicose Veins Preserves Biological Properties of Vascular Endothelium and Modulates Proinflammatory Agent Profile More Favorably Than Classic Vein Stripping
Authors: Uruski Paweł , Aniukiewicz Krzysztof , Mikuła-Pietrasik Justyna , Sosińska Patrycja , Tykarski Andrzej , Książek Krzysztof , Krasiński Zbigniew
Published: February 2017

Here we compared effect of serum from varicose patients undergoing endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and classic vein stripping (CVS) on biological properties of endothelial cells and on the local and systemic profiles of proinflammatory agents. Results showed that serum from EVLA patients improved proliferation and reduced senescence and oxidative stress in the endothelial cells, as compared with the serum from CVS patients. These effects were related to a suppressed activity of TGF-β1, the level of which in the serum from the EVLA patients was decreased. Medium generated by the cells subjected to EVLA serum contained decreased amounts of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin and increased amount of uPA, whereas the serum itself contained decreased concentrations of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin and increased concentrations of uPA, PAI-1, and TFPI. Both EVLA and CVS resulted in diversified patients’ reaction with respect to a direction of postprocedure changes in proinflammatory factors’ serum level. Analysis of proportions showed that the groups differed remarkably in case of ICAM-1 and ET-1, the level of which declined in a higher fraction of patients treated endovenously. Our findings indicate that EVLA preserves better than CVS the functionality of vascular endothelium and modulates better both local and systemic profile of proinflammatory mediators.