bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Being ostracized versus out of the loop: Redundant or unique predictors of variance in workplace outcomes?
Authors: Jones Eric E. , Ramsey Alex T. , Wesselmann Eric D. , Rosenthal Heather Jaffe , Hesson‐McInnis Matthew S.
Published: September 2020

Based on the existing research, being excluded from information (i.e., being out of the loop) produces similar consequences as being ignored or excluded from activities. Consequently, one might wonder whether it is necessary to measure or study different types of exclusion in the workplace context, rather than just assessing a single type of exclusion. The current research investigated the associations between two types of workplace exclusion (i.e., being ostracized and being left out of the loop) and various workplace outcomes, with the purpose of determining whether these different types of exclusion predict unique or redundant variance in these workplace outcomes. In Study 1, we obtained a better model fit when we assigned items measuring out‐of‐the‐loop experiences at work to a different factor than items assessing experiences with ostracism at work. In Study 2, we observed that measuring employees' experiences with being out of the loop predicted unique variance in workplace outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction), above and beyond experiences with ostracism at work. Relative weight analyses suggested that both ostracism and out‐of‐the‐loop experiences were equally important predictors of these outcomes. Together, these studies indicate that being ostracized and being left out of the loop may be distinct exclusion experiences and better predictions about workplace outcomes can be made by assessing both types of exclusion. On a practical level, measuring different types of exclusion may prove useful, because organizations may need to implement different interventions for addressing distinct types of exclusion.
Youth sport motivational climate and attitudes toward migrants’ acculturation: The role of empathy and altruism
Authors: Morela Eleftheria , Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis , Theodorakis Yannis , Goudas Marios , Elbe Anne‐Marie
Published: September 2020

Previous research has shown that an empowering motivational climate in organized sport has been linked to attitudes favoring migrants’ integration. The purpose of the present study was to further test the relationship between motivational climate and acculturation attitudes, and to explore the role of prosocial skills as potential mediators of this relationship in adolescent athletes from the host population. Participants were 338 (13.61 ± .95 years of age) Greek adolescents (167 girls) participating in organized sport. Participants’ acculturation attitudes, prosocial skills, and perceptions of the coach‐created motivational climate were measured. Analysis of structural models revealed that an empowering motivational climate was positively related with prosocial skills, reflecting empathy and altruism, which in turn were positively linked with acculturation attitudes favoring migrants’ integration. The results of the present study replicate previous findings regarding the links between empowering motivational climate and acculturation attitudes, and further, provide evidence that prosocial skills such as empathy and altruism mediate this relationship.
The validation and further development of a multidimensional cognitive load scale for virtual environments
Authors: Andersen Martin S. , Makransky Guido
Published: September 2020

Measuring cognitive load is important in virtual learning environments (VLE). Thus, valid and reliable measures of cognitive load are important to support instructional design in VLE. Through three studies, we investigated the validity and reliability of Leppink's Cognitive Load Scale (CLS) and developed the extraneous cognitive load (EL) dimension into three sub‐scales relevant for VLE: EL instructions, EL interaction, and EL environment. We investigated the validity of the measures using the Partial Credit Model (PCM), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and correlations with retention tests. Study 1 (n = 73) investigated the adapted version of the CLS. Study 2 describes the development and validation of the Multidimensional Cognitive Load Scale for Virtual Environments (MCLSVE), with 140 students in higher education. Study 3 tested the generalizability of the results with 121 higher education students in a more complicated VLE. The results provide initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the MCLSVE.
Development of a multidimensional polychronicity scale for information technology learning
Authors: Luo Yi Fang , Yang Shu Ching , Lu Chia Mei
Published: September 2020

Information technology provides the potential for polychronic learning. However, research on polychronicity in the educational field is scarce. The purposes of this study were to develop a multidimensional polychronicity scale for information technology learning and explore the relationship between polychronicity in information technology‐supported learning and personality traits. This study is divided into two phases. First, a questionnaire survey was used to develop a multidimensional polychronicity scale for information technology learning, and 602 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Second, 129 participants reported their polychronicity in information technology‐supported learning and Big Five personality traits. The first phase results showed that the scale of polychronicity in IT‐supported learning (SPITSL) contained three constructs, that is, time tangibility (α = .89), scheduling preference (α = .84) and involvement with people (α = .85) and that the total variance explained was 69.43%. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the preliminary model fit, overall model fit and internal model fit were acceptable. The second phase results showed that polychronicity was related to the Big Five personality traits. This study showed that the SPITSL has a multidimensional structure that is consistent with the definition of polychronicity advocated by many scholars.
Maternal focal atrial tachycardia during pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Norman C. , Shen Carlita , McLaughlin Terence J. , Li Jack Z. , Hauspurg Alisse , Berlacher Kathryn L. , Bhonsale Aditya , Jain Sandeep K. , Kancharla Krishna , Saba Samir
Published: September 2020

Introduction

The presentation and optimal management of maternal focal atrial tachycardia (AT) during pregnancy are unknown. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive summary of the existing evidence.

Methods and Results

A systematic review of all reported cases of maternal focal AT during pregnancy was performed. The primary search queried PubMed using the MeSH terms “supraventricular tachycardia” and “pregnancy.” A stepwise ancillary search included article bibliographies, citations listed by the Google internet search engine, and PubMed using the MeSH terms “atrial tachycardia” and “pregnancy.” In total, 28 citations that described 32 patients were retrieved. A case from our institution was added. Detailed information was available for 30 patients. Clinical characteristics at presentation included a mean ± standard deviation of 28.3 ± 5.7 years for maternal age and 24.6 ± 7.7 weeks for gestation age. Suspected tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy was present in 20 of 30 (67%) patients and left ventricular ejection fraction improved in 15 of 15 (100%) patients with follow‐up measurements. Medication failure was common. Focal AT resolved spontaneously after delivery in eight of nine (89%) patients treated with only medications. Automaticity was suggested by discrete electrograms at sites of origin and lack of reported inducibility and termination with programmed stimulation in all patients who underwent electrophysiology studies. There were nine cases of successful catheter ablation with zero fluoroscopy since 2010.

Conclusions

Automaticity is the dominant mechanism for patients with maternal focal AT during pregnancy. Catheter ablation with zero fluoroscopy is an emerging therapy for medically refractory cases.
Management of cardiac implantable electronic device follow‐up in COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned during Italian lockdown
Authors: Piro Agostino , Magnocavallo Michele , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Neccia Matteo , Manzi Giovanna , Mariani Marco Valerio , Straito Martina , Bernardini Alessia , Severino Paolo , Iannucci Gino , Giunta Giuseppe , Chimenti Cristina , Natale Andrea , Fedele Francesco , Lavalle Carlo
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Remote monitoring (RM) has significantly transformed the standard of care for patients with cardiac electronic implantable devices. It provides easy access to valuable information, such as arrhythmic events, acute decompensation manifestations and device‐related issues, without the need of in‐person visits.

Methods

Starting March 1st, 332 patients were introduced to an RM program during the Italian lockdown to limit the risk of in‐hospital exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the modality of RM delivery (home [n = 229] vs. office [n = 103] delivered). The study aimed at assessing the efficacy of the new follow‐up protocol, assessed as mean RM activation time (AT), and the need for technical support. In addition, patients' acceptance and anxiety status were quantified via the Home Monitoring Acceptance and Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item scale.

Results

AT time was less than 48 h in 93% of patients and 7% of them required further technical support. Despite a higher number of trans‐telephonic technical support in the home‐delivered RM group, mean AT was similar between groups (1.33 ± 0.83 days in home‐delivered vs 1.28 ± 0.81 days in office‐delivered patients; p = .60). A total of 28 (2.5%) urgent/emergent in‐person examinations were required. A high degree of patient satisfaction was reached in both groups whereas anxiety status was higher in the office‐delivered group.

Conclusions

The adoption of RM resulted in high patient satisfaction, regardless of the modality of modem delivery; nonetheless, in‐office modem delivery was associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms.
C‐Cbl regulates c‐MPL receptor trafficking and its internalization
Authors: Märklin Melanie , Tandler Claudia , Kopp Hans‐Georg , Hoehn Kyle L. , Quintanilla‐Martinez Leticia , Borst Oliver , Müller Martin R. , Saur Sebastian J.
Published: September 2020

Thrombocyte formation from megakaryocyte and their progenitor cells is tightly regulated by thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor c‐MPL, thereby maintaining physiological functionality and numbers of circulating platelets. In patients, dysfunction of this regulation could cause thrombocytopenia or myeloproliferative syndromes. Since regulation of this pathway is still not completely understood, we investigated the role of the ubiquitin ligase c‐Cbl which was previously shown to negatively regulated c‐MPL signalling. We developed a new conditional mouse model using c‐Cblfl/flPf4Cremice and demonstrated that platelet‐specific knockout of c‐Cbl led to severe microthrombocytosis and impaired uptake of TPO and c‐MPL receptor internalization. Furthermore, we characterized a constitutive STAT5 activation c‐Cbl KO platelets. This study identified c‐Cbl as a potential player in causing megakaryocytic and thrombocytic disorders.
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition to promote the invasion of colon cancer cells via TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway
Authors: Jin Qianna , Jin Xin , Liu Tao , Lu Xiaoming , Wang Guobin , He Nan
Published: September 2020

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) protein is a multi‐domain transmembrane glycoprotein which involves in extracellular matrix remodelling, cell adhesion, invasion and migration. ADAM8 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) play an important role in tumour invasion has been well established. However, the interaction between ADAM8 and EMT has remained unclear. The data of colon cancer patients obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GTEx (Genotype‐Tissue Expression Project) were analysed by the bioinformatics research method. The expression of ADAM8 in colon cancer cells was up‐regulated and down‐regulated by transfecting with the expression plasmid and small interfering RNA, respectively. Transwell invasion assay, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and qRT‐PCR were utilized to study the effect of ADAM8 on colon cancer cell's EMT and its related mechanisms. Analysis of TCGA and GTEx data revealed that ADAM8 was linked to poor overall survival in colon cancer patients. Besides, ADAM8 was correlated with multiple EMT biomarkers (E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail2 and ZEB2). In vitro, we also proved that the up‐regulation of ADAM8 could promote EMT effect and enhance the invasive ability of colon cancer cells. On the contrary, the down‐regulation of ADAM8 in colon cancer cells attenuated these effects above. Further studies suggested that ADAM8 modulated EMT on colon cancer cells through TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Our research suggested that ADAM8 could be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of colon cancer and induced EMT to promote the invasion of colon cancer cells via activating TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway.
An electronic nose system for the monitoring of water cane shoots quality with swarm clustering algorithm
Authors: Xu Meng , Zhou Junzheng , Zhu Peiyi
Published: September 2020

A fast, portable, nondestructive, and simple‐to‐operate method for determination of water cane shoot quality via an electronic nose (E‐nose) system is presented. The responses of E‐nose sensors to cane shoot samples during storage time are measured. Considering that one of the most common problems with fresh aquatic vegetables is the nearly negligible change in volatile organic compounds, a novel swarm clustering based on particle swarm optimization (SWC) algorithm is proposed to extract the effective features of the sensors responses. In SWC, the number of clusters is automatically estimated based on the neighborhood radius of the particles, which reduces the difficulty in determining the number of cluster. Traditional clustering algorithms, such as K‐means clustering (KMC) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), are used for the purposes of comparison, and the changes in quality of cane shoot samples are quantitatively determined according to the hardness and pH. The results suggest that the E‐nose‐based SWC methodology is capable of accurately classifying the cane shoots freshness during the 20‐day storage time, which is much better than that of the comparative KMC and HCA methods. Additionally，quantitative analysis of the sensory evaluation, hardness, and pH is shown to have good agreement with the E‐nose system analysis results. Validation experiments show that unknown samples are successfully grouped into several different categories with a high correlation (R2 = .982) between unknown and known samples, demonstrating the potential use of E‐nose system to predict the freshness of the cane shoots.
Habitual dietary fibre and prebiotic intake is inadequate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Davis R. , Day A. , Barrett J. , Vanlint A. , Andrews J. M , Costello S. P. , Bryant R. V.
Published: September 2020

Background

Recommendations for dietary fibre intake in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are highly variable. Despite the potential benefits of prebiotic fibres on the gut microbiome, many patients with inflammatory bowel disease follow a low fibre diet. The present study comprehensively evaluated intakes of total and prebiotic fibres in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, aiming to determine the adequacy of fibre intake and factors that may influence intake.

Methods

Outpatients with a formal diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease were recruited to this multicentre cross‐sectional study. Habitual dietary fibre intake including prebiotic fibre types was measured using a validated comprehensive nutrition assessment questionnaire. Adequacy of total fibre intake was compared with Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Multiple linear regressions were performed to determine factors influencing fibre intake.

Results

Of 92 participants, 52% had Crohn's disease, 51% were male and the mean age was 40 years. Overall, only 38% of the cohort consumed adequate total fibre (median 24 g day−1, interquartile range 18.5–32.9 g day−1). Adequate fibre consumption was significantly less common in males than females (21.3% versus 55.6%, P = 0.002). Resistant starch intake (median 2.9 g day−1, interquartile range 2.1–4.8 g day−1) was significantly less than the proposed recommendations (20 g day−1). Disease‐related factors such as phenotype and disease activity were not found to influence fibre intake.

Conclusions

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease habitually consume inadequate fibre, particularly prebiotic fibre resistant starch. The potential deleterious effects of low prebiotic intake on the gut microbiome and disease‐related outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease are unknown and warrant further research.
Tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3β modulates enzyme acetylcholinesterase expression
Authors: Cortés‐Gómez María‐Ángeles , Llorens‐Álvarez Esther , Alom Jordi , del Ser Teodoro , Avila Jesús , Sáez‐Valero Javier , García‐Ayllón María‐Salud
Published: September 2020

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) co‐localizes with hyperphosphorylated tau (P‐tau) within neurofibrillary tangles. Having demonstrated that AChE expression is increased in the transgenic mouse model of tau Tg‐VLW, here we examined whether modulating phosphorylated tau levels by over‐expressing wild‐type human tau and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) influences AChE expression. In SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing higher levels of P‐tau, AChE activity and protein increased by (20% ± 2%) and (440% ± 150%), respectively. Western blots and qPCR assays showed that this increment mostly corresponded to the cholinergicACHE‐Tvariant, for which the protein and transcript levels increased ~60% and ~23%, respectively. Moreover, in SH‐SY5Y cells differentiated into neurons by exposure to retinoic acid (10 µM), over‐expression of GSK3β and tau provokes an imbalance in cholinergic activity with a decrease in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cell (45 ± 10%). Finally, we obtained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients enrolled on a clinical trial of tideglusib, an irreversible GSK3β inhibitor. In CSF of patients that received a placebo, there was an increase in AChE activity (35 ± 16%) respect to basal levels, probably because of their treatment with AChE inhibitors. However, this increase was not observed in tideglusib‐treated patients. Moreover, CSF levels of P‐tau at the beginning measured by commercially ELISA kits correlated with AChE activity. In conclusion, this study shows that P‐tau can modulate AChE expression and it suggests that AChE may possibly increase in the initial phases of AD.

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Nano, micro particulate and cosmetic delivery systems of polylactic acid: A mini review
Authors: Abu Hajleh Maha N. , AL‐Samydai Ali , Al‐Dujaili Emad A. S.
Published: September 2020

Background

Poly lactic acid and its copolymers are considered to be the preferred substrates for drug delivery devices. Poly lactic acid is a biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic polymer. It was approved by Food and Drug Administration and thought to be among the most attractive polymeric candidates intended for controlling drug delivery. It was utilized for the development of devices for the delivery of small molecules, proteins, genes, vaccines, anticancer drugs, and macromolecules.

Objectives and methods

This manuscript lists the different techniques for synthesizing poly lactic acid‐based nano and microparticles such as emulsion‐based methods, precipitation‐based methods, direct compositing methods, in situ forming micro‐particles, and microfluidic technique.

Conclusions

In addition, it describes the application and use of poly lactic acid in biomedical and cosmetic delivery systems.
The perspective of dermatology residents on cosmetology training: A survey
Authors: Beksaç Burcu , Erbil Hakan , Dundar Ozlem , Caliskan Ercan
Published: September 2020

Background

Cosmetology training is an under‐fulfilled component of dermatology residency training.

Aims

To determine the availability of cosmetic training for dermatology residents in Turkey, their satisfaction by their cosmetic training and their self‐confidence in cosmetic procedures.

Patients/Methods

An online survey of 33 questions was performed between February and March 2019.

Results

Out of 329 known dermatology residents, 113 (34.3%) responded. 94.7% of the participants thought cosmetic training should be part of residency training. 50.4% received cosmetology training. Of the participants, 50.4% took this training in their department, 43.4% in conferences and courses and 24.8% in private practice. Skills learned in conferences and cosmetology courses made the biggest contribution to the cosmetic knowledge of the participants. Theoretical lectures on cosmetology were present in 22.1% of the training programs, whereas practical lessons were included in 16.8% of the programs. Theoretical lectures were found to fulfill expectancies of 8% of participants, while this percentage was 31.5% for practical lectures. 54% of residents felt confident in performing at least one type of cosmetic procedure unassisted.

Conclusions

Cosmetic training in clinics providing residency training in Turkey does not meet the expectations of residents. It is of utmost importance for future specialists in dermatology to get proficient on this field and to be able to make cosmetic procedures independently for patient safety and to protect our field of profession. In this context, including cosmetology training into residency training in accordance with a preconceived program, providing practical cosmetic training in training clinics and organization of cosmetic courses for residents by professional associations may help reduce the deficits in this issue.
Predictive factors of a prolonged length of stay in a community Nursing‐Led unit: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zeffiro Valentina , Sanson Gianfranco , Welton John , Maurici Massimo , Malatesta Anna , Carboni Luigia , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria , D’Agostino Fabio
Published: September 2020

Aims and objectives

To describe the care provided to patients admitted into a community Nursing‐Led inpatient unit and to identify factors predicting a length of stay exceeding an established threshold.

Background

Few studies have been conducted to describe the care provided in a Nursing‐Led unit. No studies have investigated factors affecting length of stay in these services.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Consecutive patients admitted to a community Nursing‐Led unit between 2009–2015 were enrolled. Sociodemographic, medical and nursing care (diagnoses and activities) variables were collected from electronic health records. Descriptive analysis and a backward stepwise logistic regression model were applied. The study followed the STROBE guidelines.

Results

The study enrolled 904 patients (mean age: 77.7 years). The most frequent nursing diagnoses were bathing self‐care deficit and impaired physical mobility. The nursing activities most provided were enteral medication administration and vital signs measurement. Approximately 37% of the patients had a length of stay longer than the established threshold. Nine covariates, including being discharged to home, having an impaired memory nursing diagnosis or being treated for advanced wound care, were found to be independent predictors of prolonged length of stay. Variables related to medical conditions did not affect the length‐of‐stay threshold.

Conclusions

The length of stay in the community Nursing‐Led unit was mainly predicted by conditions related to sociodemographic factors, nursing complexity and functional status. This result confirms that the medical and nursing needs of a community Nursing‐Led unit population substantively differ from those of hospitalised acute patients.

Relevance to clinical practice

The nursing complexity and related nursing care to be provided may be adopted as a criterion to establish the appropriate length of stay in the community Nursing‐Led unit for each individual patient.
Caught in an Authoritarian Trap of Its Own Making? Brazil's ‘Lava Jato’ Anti‐Corruption Investigation and the Politics of Prosecutorial Overreach
Authors: MÉSZÁROS GEORGE
Published: September 2020

The negative and corrosive impacts of corruption in the fields of economics, politics, and law are widely discussed. Less understood are the potentially negative impacts of anti‐corruption struggles and strategies themselves. This article presents a case study of Brazil's ‘Car Wash’ (‘Lava Jato’) scandal from a legal and political perspective. Although the subsequent Operation Car Wash investigation was widely regarded as remarkably successful, supposedly buttressing the rule of law through high‐profile prosecutions of leading politicians and businesspersons, the article argues that legal due process, wider constitutional law, and the political process were undermined. While the use of media leaks to strengthen the investigation proved tactically successful, when coupled with new legal instruments it undermined the presumption of innocence and contributed to a climate in which political and legal debates themselves became increasingly subordinated to simplistic polarizing anti‐corruption discourses, thereby undermining an already fragile political and institutional environment.
Sexual parameters, digestive enzyme activities, and growth performance of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fed garlic (Allium sativum) extract supplemented diets
Authors: Ahmadniaye Motlagh Hamidreza , Paolucci Marina , Lashkarizadeh Bami Mahkameh , Safari Omid
Published: September 2020

Although many studies have assessed the various effects of garlic on fish, the impact of garlic on steroid hormones has not been studied. In the present study, the effect of aqueous garlic extract on sex steroid hormones, fry production, digestive enzyme activities, growth performance, and survival of Poecilia reticulata were evaluated. A total of 360 P. reticulata fries (0.013 ± 0.001 g) were randomly stocked in 12 experimental glass tanks (50 L) at a density of 30 fish per tank. The fries were fed diets supplemented with aqueous garlic extract at 0 (Control), 1.00 (G1), 1.50 (G2), and 2.00 (G3) ml/kg diet three times a day at a ratio of 2.5% of their body weight for a period of 120 days. Results demonstrated that the inclusion of garlic extract in the diet did not have any significant effect on growth performance and fry production. The survival of G2 treatment was significantly higher than the control, G1 and G3 (p < .05). The concentrations of sex steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone) and the activity of digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, and amylase) were significantly higher in G2, than the control and other treatments (p < .05). Based on polynomial regression models, the recommended dietary concentration of garlic extract for P. reticulata should be 1.64 ± 0.03 and 1.63 ± 1.01 ml/kg to obtain higher activities of digestive enzymes and sex steroids, respectively.
Stability of cartels in Multimarket Cournot oligopolies
Authors: Chakrabarti Subhadip , Gilles Robert P. , Lazarova Emiliya
Published: September 2020

We investigate the stability of cooperation agreements, such as those agreed by cartels, among firms in a Cournot model of oligopolistic competition embedded in a multimarket contact setting. Our analysis considers a broad array of 64 potential market structural configurations under linear demand and quadratic production costs. We establish that for an appropriate range of parameter values there exists a unique core stable market configuration in which an identical two‐firm cartel is sustained in both markets. Our result highlights the significance of multimarket presence for cartel formation in light of the well‐known result from the single‐market setting where cartels are non‐profitable.
Causes of perception of insufficient milk supply in Western Australian mothers
Authors: Kent Jacqueline Coral , Ashton Elizabeth , Hardwick Catherine Meria , Rea Alethea , Murray Kevin , Geddes Donna Tracy
Published: September 2020

A perception of insufficient milk supply (PIMS) is associated with early discontinuation of breastfeeding. Ideally, an objective measure of milk supply would either dispel or confirm this perception and provide reassurance or guide professional advice. Clinical signs of sufficient milk intake (steady growth, sufficient elimination, infant alertness and breasts feeling full before breastfeeds and soft after breastfeeds) should provide confidence in milk supply. We surveyed 423 mothers in early lactation who had breastfeeding problems to determine the proportion that had PIMS and to determine if the mothers with PIMS relied on these clinical signs or other perceptions of their infants' behaviour as indications of insufficient milk supply. By 3 weeks after birth, we found that the rate of PIMS among mothers with breastfeeding problems was 44%. Supplementary infant formula was being given to 66% of the infants, so the clinical indications were that milk intake was sufficient, but 74% of the mothers with PIMS cited concerns that their infants did not appear satisfied after breastfeeds. After targeted advice from lactation consultants, mothers with PIMS showed positive changes in their perceptions of their milk supply, underlining the value of professional guidance soon after birth. We conclude that an appearance of infant dissatisfaction is the major cause of PIMS in Western Australia.
Aflatoxin contamination of human breast milk and complementary foods in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Eshete Mesfin , Gebremedhin Samson , Alemayehu Fikadu R. , Taye Mestawet , Boshe Bergene , Stoecker Barbara J.
Published: September 2020

Exposure to unsafe level of aflatoxin in early life may lead to growth faltering. However, the extent of contamination of breast milk and complementary foods is poorly examined. We determined aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and B1 (AFB1) contamination of human breast milk and cereal‐based cooked complementary foods, respectively, among households having children 6–23 months of age in Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia. Data were collected through two cross‐sectional surveys implemented in the wet (n = 180) and dry (n = 180) seasons. Eligible households (n = 360) were recruited from three agroecological zones (lowland, midland and highland, each with sample size of 120) using a multistage sampling technique. AFB1 and AFM1 levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed to compare aflatoxin levels between seasons and across the agroecological zones. Among 360 breast milk samples tested, 64.4% had detectable AFM1 and 5.3% exceeded the 0.025 parts per billion (ppb) limit set by the European Union for infant milk. The median AFM1 in the lowlands was significantly higher than in the other agroecological settings (P < 0.001). By season, AFM1 was higher in breast milk samples collected in the dry season (P = 0.041). AFB1 was detected in 96.4% of the food samples tested, and 95.0% had concentration exceeding the permissible European Union limit of 0.1 ppb. The median AFB1 was significantly higher in the lowland (P = 0.002), but there was no difference between the seasons (P = 0.386). The study indicated that, in southern Ethiopia, foods intended for infants are heavily contaminated with AFB1. Contamination of breast milk is also a significant health concern.
Little genetic structure in a Bornean endemic small mammal across a steep ecological gradient
Authors: Parker Lillian D. , Hawkins Melissa T. R. , Camacho‐Sanchez Miguel , Campana Michael G. , West‐Roberts Jacob A. , Wilbert Tammy R. , Lim Haw Chuan , Rockwood Larry L. , Leonard Jennifer A. , Maldonado Jesús E.
Published: September 2020

Janzen's influential “mountain passes are higher in the tropics” hypothesis predicts restricted gene flow and genetic isolation among populations spanning elevational gradients in the tropics. Few studies have tested this prediction, and studies that focus on population genetic structure in Southeast Asia are particularly underrepresented in the literature. Here, we test the hypothesis that mountain treeshrews (Tupaia montana) exhibit limited dispersal across their broad elevational range which spans ~2,300 m on two peaks in Kinabalu National Park (KNP) in Borneo: Mt Tambuyukon (MT) and Mt Kinabalu (MK). We sampled 83 individuals across elevations on both peaks and performed population genomics analyses on mitogenomes and single nucleotide polymorphisms from 4,106 ultraconserved element loci. We detected weak genetic structure and infer gene flow both across elevations and between peaks. We found higher genetic differentiation on MT than MK despite its lower elevation and associated environmental variation. This implies that, contrary to our hypothesis, genetic structure in this system is not primarily shaped by elevation. We propose that this pattern may instead be the result of historical processes and limited upslope gene flow on MT. Importantly, our results serve as a foundational estimate of genetic diversity and population structure from which to track potential future effects of climate change on mountain treeshrews in KNP, an important conservation stronghold for the mountain treeshrew and other montane species.
Validation of PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients (PRE‐DELIRIC) among patients in intensive care units: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liang Surui , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Bai Liping , Yao Li , Choi Kai Chow
Published: September 2020

Background

An intensive care unit (ICU) delirium prediction tool, PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients (PRE‐DELIRIC), has been developed and calibrated in a multinational project. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the predictive ability of the PRE‐DELIRIC among Chinese ICU patients.

Aim

To evaluate the predictive validity (discrimination and calibration) of PRE‐DELIRIC.

Design

This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Consecutive participants (a) admitted to the ICU for ≥24 hours, (b) aged ≥18 years, and (c) admitted to the ICU for the first time were included. Ten predictors (age, APACHE‐II, urgent and admission category, urea level, metabolic acidosis, infection, coma, sedation, and morphine use) assessed within 24 hours upon ICU admission were assessed. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. Outcomes included ICU length of stay and mortality. Discrimination and calibration were determined by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), box plot, and calibration plot.

Results

A total of 375 ICU patients were included, with 44.0% of patients being delirious. Delirium was significantly associated with age, PRE‐DELIRIC score, ICU length of stay, and mortality. The AUROC was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.77‐0.86). The optimal cut‐off point identified by max Youden index was 49%. The calibration plot of pooled data demonstrated a calibration slope of 0.894 and an intercept of −0.178.

Conclusions

The PRE‐DELIRIC has high predictive value and is suggested to be adopted in ICUs for early initiation of preventive interventions against delirium among high‐risk patients.

Relevance to clinical practice

Clinicians can adopt the PRE‐DELIRIC among ICU patients to screen patients at high risk of developing delirium. Early initiative interventions could be implemented to reduce the negative impacts of ICU delirium.
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I‐745 modulates the microbiota–gut–brain axis in a humanized mouse model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Constante Marco , De Palma Giada , Lu Jun , Jury Jennifer , Rondeau Liam , Caminero Alberto , Collins Stephen M. , Verdu Elena F. , Bercik Premysl
Published: September 2020

Background

Gnotobiotic mice colonized with microbiota from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and comorbid anxiety (IBS+A) display gut dysfunction and anxiety‐like behavior compared to mice colonized with microbiota from healthy volunteers. Using this model, we tested the therapeutic potential of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii strain CNCM I‐745 (S. bou) and investigated underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Germ‐free Swiss Webster mice were colonized with fecal microbiota from an IBS+A patient or a healthy control (HC). Three weeks later, mice were gavaged daily with S. boulardii or placebo for two weeks. Anxiety‐like behavior (light preference and step‐down tests), gastrointestinal transit, and permeability were assessed. After sacrifice, samples were taken for gene expression by NanoString and qRT‐PCR, microbiota 16S rRNA profiling, and indole quantification.

Key Results

Mice colonized with IBS+A microbiota developed faster gastrointestinal transit and anxiety‐like behavior (longer step‐down latency) compared to mice with HC microbiota. S. bou administration normalized gastrointestinal transit and anxiety‐like behavior in mice with IBS+A microbiota. Step‐down latency correlated with colonic Trpv1 expression and was associated with altered microbiota profile and increased Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) levels.

Conclusions & Inferences

Treatment with S. bou improves gastrointestinal motility and anxiety‐like behavior in mice with IBS+A microbiota. Putative mechanisms include effects on pain pathways, direct modulation of the microbiota, and indole production by commensal bacteria.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for mandibular advancement with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: a comparison of three versus four doses penicillin V
Authors: Pedersen T.Ø. , Haaberg V. , Løes S.
Published: September 2020

Aim

Compare two regimens of antibiotic prophylaxis on the development of surgical site infection (SSI) following mandibular advancement with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO).

Materials and methods

In total, 176 patients were included. Two antibiotic regimens were administered intravenously. The first 114 patients were given penicillin V (PcV) in three doses every 8 h (PcV3‐group), and the next 62 patients were given PcV in four doses every 6 h (PcV4‐group). The same surgical protocol was followed for all patients. Development of SSI was registered at follow‐up 2 months and 1 year after surgery.

Results

A significant reduction in the rate of SSI was found in the PcV4 group compared to the PcV3‐group (P = 0.012). The infection rates were 4.8% and 19.3% respectively. A higher prevalence of SSI was found when mandibular wisdom teeth were present, but this was not statistically significant. There were no correlations between gender, age, intraoperative bleeding and operation time and the development of SSI. None of the patients developed severe infection.

Conclusion

The infection rate was significantly reduced when PcV was administered in four doses, suggesting that an extended regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis is beneficial when performing mandibular advancement with BSSO.
Provider perceptions of mHealth engagement for low‐resourced, safety‐net communities
Authors: Laing Sharon S. , Ocampo Pilar , Ocampo Carlota , Caravalho Joicy , Perez Gerizim , Baugh Stacey
Published: September 2020

Objective

Evaluate nurses’ and other health care professionals’ (HCPs) perceptions about implementing mobile health technology (mHealth) in clinical practice to support health care delivery for low‐resourced, safety‐net communities.

Design

Qualitative exploratory study using data collected from focus group sessions. Respondents addressed four topics: (1) technology's role in health care delivery; (2) barriers to incorporating mHealth data in clinical practice; (3) need for mHealth Clinical Practice Guide (CPG); and (4) mHealth's potential to improve health care access for marginalized communities.

Sample

Thirty HCPs providing services to community health center patients in Washington State and Washington, DC.

Measurements

Thematic analysis of qualitative data.

Results

Themes included:(1) mHealth's ability to provide customized reminders and data accuracy; (2) patients’ mistrust of technology; (3) the possibility of linking community resources to address the social determinants of health;(4) mHealth's potential to improve patient–provider communication.

Conclusion

Health care professionals support incorporating mHealth inpatient care but suggest that an mHealth CPG would improve its potential for facilitating health care delivery in low‐resourced communities.
Photogrammetric Record Microsoft Word Template
Authors: Author Arthur , Author Maria J. , Author S.
Published: September 2020

This is an example of an original article in the layout expected by The Photogrammetric Record. The abstract is a concise summary of the essential elements of the paper and should not contain detailed results. It should be no longer than 150 words. This template indicates how a paper submitted to the journal should be structured and formatted, including figures, tables, mathematics and references.
Severe COVID‐19 and interleukin‐6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab: Some notes of concern
Authors: Akinosoglou Karolina , Gogos Charalambos
Published: September 2020

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Shedding light on the convergence debate: Using luminosity data to investigate economic convergence in Ecuador
Authors: Carrington Sarah J. , Jiménez‐Ayora Pablo
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research is to analyze convergence in incomes per capita in Ecuador over the period 1992–2013. Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s satellite data capturing nighttime luminosity by region to proxy income, we undertake an analysis of economic convergence between provinces and cantons in Ecuador over the period 1992–2013. Traditional regression analysis alongside dynamic distribution analysis is used to verify the existence and determine the nature of convergence among Ecuadorian territories. What is found is that economic convergence across Ecuador’s provinces can be confirmed with a speed of convergence approximating Barro’s iron‐law of 2% per annum. In contrast to the expectations of finding convergence over recent years, the major progress in economic convergence was made over the 1992–2002 period. This was the period with the highest political and economic uncertainty. Investigating convergence in human development indicators such as infant mortality rates suggests that the boom‐financed period of economic prosperity did however coincide with a significant catchup of provinces lagging in human development achievements to leaders in this dimension.
The International Peacemaking Dilemma: Ousting or Including the Villains?
Authors: Nathan Laurie
Published: September 2020

International actors engaged in peacemaking in armed conflicts are often confronted by a moral dilemma: whether to seek to oust the villains by coercive means, or to promote mediation that includes the villains and may lead to a power‐sharing deal with them. This article analyzes the peacemaking dilemma through a constructivist perspective on international norms. It contributes to the constructivist literature, which concentrates on contestation between “good” and “bad” norms, by developing a theoretical framework for understanding moral dilemmas as a “situational incompatibility of good norms”. The peacemaking dilemma entails a situational incompatibility between the norm of promoting and maintaining peace and security on the one hand, and the norms of promoting justice, accountability and democratization on the other. The dilemma is difficult to resolve because all these norms are constitutive of the UN and because of strategic uncertainty in armed conflicts. The theoretical framework is applied to the conflicts in Côte d’Ivoire, Libya and Syria.
Subduction initiation triggered by accretion of a Jurassic oceanic plateau along the Bangong–Nujiang Suture in central Tibet
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Qi , Liu Chuan‐Zhou , Liu Tong , Zhang Chang , Zhang Zhen‐Yu
Published: September 2020

Lower crusts of oceanic plateaus have been rarely studied and their nature remains unclear, due to low probability in preservation. Here we demonstrate that cumulates of the Pengco Complex in central Tibet represent the lower crust of an oceanic plateau generated at ~188 Ma. Mineral crystallization order and geochemistry support their formation via low‐P fractionation from anhydrous basaltic melts. The Pengco cumulates are more magnesium rich and more depleted in rare earth elements than the mid‐ocean ridge cumulates, supporting a mantle source more refractory than the depleted MORB mantle (DMM). However, the extrusive rocks outcropped in the Pengco Complex are younger (161–166 Ma) and have a subducted‐related genesis. Such a temporal and genetical decoupling between the lower and upper crustal rocks in the Pengco Complex resulted from the subduction re‐initiation that was triggered by the oceanic plateau‐continent collision at ~164 Ma.
Meiotic crossover reduction by virus‐induced gene silencing enables the efficient generation of chromosome substitution lines and reverse breeding in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Calvo‐Baltanás Vanesa , Wijnen Cris L. , Yang Chao , Lukhovitskaya Nina , de Snoo C. Bastiaan , Hohenwarter Linus , Keurentjes Joost J. B. , de Jong Hans , Schnittger Arp , Wijnker Erik
Published: September 2020

Plant breeding applications exploiting meiotic mutant phenotypes (like the increase or decrease of crossover (CO) recombination) have been proposed over the last years. As recessive meiotic mutations in breeding lines may affect fertility or have other pleiotropic effects, transient silencing techniques may be preferred. Reverse breeding is a breeding technique that would benefit from the transient downregulation of CO formation. The technique is essentially the opposite of plant hybridization: a method to extract parental lines from a hybrid. The method can also be used to efficiently generate chromosome substitution lines (CSLs). For successful reverse breeding, the two homologous chromosome sets of a heterozygous plant must be divided over two haploid complements, which can be achieved by the suppression of meiotic CO recombination and the subsequent production of doubled haploid plants. Here we show the feasibility of transiently reducing CO formation using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) by targeting the meiotic gene MSH5 in a wild‐type heterozygote of Arabidopsis thaliana. The application of VIGS (rather than using lengthy stable transformation) generates transgene‐free offspring with the desired genetic composition: we obtained parental lines from a wild‐type heterozygous F1 in two generations. In addition, we obtained 20 (of the 32 possible) CSLs in one experiment. Our results demonstrate that meiosis can be modulated at will in A. thaliana to generate CSLs and parental lines rapidly for hybrid breeding. Furthermore, we illustrate how the modification of meiosis using VIGS can open routes to develop efficient plant breeding strategies.
Competencias de la curia diocesana en el ámbito de la creación, registro y certificación de las personas jurídicas en Colombia
Authors: Miranda Pérez Jorge Luis
Published: September 2020

Este artículo busca establecer, a través del análisis, la competencia que le ha sido otorgada a la curia diocesana entendida como cuerpo jurídico eclesiástico. A los clérigos se les ha designado el ejercicio de potestad sobre ciertos vínculos jurídicos que solo les compete a ellos mantener por su misma condición clerical. La potestad jurídica de la Iglesia para actuar dentro de sus mismos intereses ha sido permitida por el Estado colombiano, institución en la que el derecho divino converge con el derecho positivo, lo que permite salvaguardar los bienes de la Iglesia católica como institución divina al servicio del bien común.