bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ultrasound-guided femoral + anterior sciatic nerve block and genicular nerve block for postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: GÜMÜŞKANAT TABUR Zeynep , YILMAZ Canan , KARASU Derya , BAYTAR Çağdaş
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided femoral and anterior sciatic (FAS) nerve blocks and genicular (G) nerve blocks as preventive analgesia methods after total knee arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods: Fifty patients, aged 55–80 years were divided into two groups preoperatively. Patients in the FAS group (n=25) received 20 mL solutions (10 mL 0.5% bupivacaine, 1 mL [4 mg] dexamethasone, and 9 mL saline) in both femoral and sciatic blocks. Patients in the G group (n=25) received 5 mL solutions (2 mL 0.5% bupivacaine, 1 mL [4 mg] dexamethasone, and 2 mL saline) for each nerve. Patients were assessed 24 h postoperatively, and pain scores, time to first analgesic requirement, total analgesic dose, and postoperative complications during the first 24 h were recorded.

Results: VAS scores at postoperative 0, 1, and 6 h and the total amount of tramadol consumed 24 h were lower in the FAS group than in the G group. There was no requirement for additional analgesia in the first 24 h in the FAS group; however, 9 patients required additional analgesia in the G group.

Conclusion: USG FAS nerve blocks were superior to the genicular nerve blocks in TKA. Additionally, the genicular block doesn’t cause motor block. A genicular block can be considered as an alternative with this regard.
Media Usage, Health Literacy, Health Anxiety, and Health Behaviors of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: DEMİRTEPE-SAYGILI Dilek , EŞİYOK Elif , TURANCI Eda
Published: October 2021

Living with the pandemic influenced people’s lifestyles and health behaviors as well as their use of media.
The aim of this study is to investigate the level of change in health behaviors of university students during
the COVID-19 pandemic. The changes in health behaviors refer to changes of mainly eating and exercise
behaviors to stay healthy. In this study, media use, health literacy and health perception are the determinants
of change in health behaviors; health anxiety and healthy living skills are considered as mediating variables.
Questionnaires were filled in by 392 university students in Ankara, Turkey within the second month of
the pandemic. According to the findings, as the levels of positive perception of health, health literacy level,
health anxiety level, and healthy life skills increase, the level of change in health behavior increases. The
path analysis revealed that more positive perceptions of health and higher levels of health literacy are related
to higher levels of change in health behaviors through the mediation of healthy life skills. In addition, the
use of Twitter increases health anxiety during the pandemic and results in a higher level of change in health
behaviors. The findings help to better understand the motivations to change health behaviors for selfprotection
against the COVID-19 among university students.
Impacto del biocarbón en el suelo agrícola
Authors: Puentes Escobar Tatiana Camila , Rodríguez Carlosama Adalberto
Published: October 2021

As a result of poor agricultural management practices, the soil suffers degradation evidenced by erosion, acidification, contamination by heavy metals and pesticides, compaction, salinization, waterlogging, or loss of organic matter, among others. Among the strategies for soil amendment are ecological intensification and organic amendments such as crop residues, green manures and animals, biosolids, composting and anaerobic digestion. A specific strategy is the use of biochar, which can be seen as a combination of chemical fertilization and bioremediation. This manuscript focuses on describing the impact of the use of biochar on the balance of the properties of agricultural soils, reviewing the physical, chemical, and biological phenomena since its incorporation, as well as its origin and current technologies for its production. Biochar has its own macro and micropores that improve soil structure and properties such as pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content, and is a contributor of nutrients.
Analisis Lapisan Hard Chrome dengan Heat Treatment terhadap Kekerasan dan Struktur Mikro pada Permukaan Baja Karbon S45C
Authors: Priyambodo Bambang Hari , Margono Margono , Nugroho Kacuk Cikal
Published: October 2021

Generally, metals are easy to wear, so material modification is needed to increase hardness to increase the material's resistance to wear and tear. One way is to do a hard chrome plating process using the electroplating method and then continue the heat treatment process. This research was conducted to observe changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure of S45C steel that underwent hard chrome and heat treatment processes. This research was conducted by inserting S45C steel as a cathode into hard chrome liquid and using lead (Pb) as the anode. A positive (+) current powers the anode, the cathode has a negative current (-), the voltage used is 12 V with a duration of 60 minutes. After the cathode was coated with hard chrome, a hardness test was carried out, then continued with the heat treatment process using a temperature of 850°C for 30 minutes. The hardness test results show an increase in the hardness of S45C steel that has been coated with hard chrome, with a hardness value of S45C steel 202.70 VHN, S45C hard chrome steel 998.63 VHN. The highest hardness value is S45C steel coated with hard chrome 998.63 VHN, increasing 392.7%. Then the heat treatment process experienced a decrease in the hardness value, 528.90 VHN, with a percentage of 88.81%. The results of the microstructure observation showed that the hard chrome layer that had been heated treated showed even cracks in the hard chrome layer.
Pengaruh Variasi Lilitan Pipa Kapiler pada Line Suction terhadap Laju Pendinginan dan Capaian Suhu Optimal Ruangan Prototype Trainer Lemari Pendingin
Authors: Darmawan Gede , Wiratmaja I Gede , Elisa Edi
Published: October 2021

This study aims to find the effect of variations in the capillary tube winding on the suction line on achieving optimal temperature and room cooling rate. This study uses three variations: the capillary tube without being wrapped around the suction line, the capillary tube wrapped in half on the suction line, and the capillary tube fully wound on the suction line. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the capillary tube wrapped around the suction line, which led to efforts to maintain the performance of the refrigerator trainer prototype. The method used in this study uses an experimental method where the data collection process is carried out through observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study uses quantitative descriptive research techniques where the research data will be tabulated and displayed in the form of tables and graphs, and data analysis is carried out to find out how much influence the achievement of the optimal room temperature and the cooling rate of the prototype trainer refrigerator room itself. From the research that has been carried out, it is obtained that the highest optimal room temperature achievement occurs in the variation of the capillary tube fully wound on the suction line, where there is an increase in the optimal room temperature achievement of 16.17% when compared to the room cooling rate using standard variations or without being wrapped. And the result in the form of the highest room cooling rate is the variation of the capillary pipe fully wound on the suction line.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papilloma virus in cervical samples of young married women: a hospital based prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Bagde Madhuri N. , Bagde Nilajkumar D. , Thangaraju Pugazhentan , Negi Sanjay , Deshmukh Pooja
Published: October 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervical samples of young married women at a tertiary care hospital in Chhattisgarh. A prospective cross-sectional observational study was performed in married women, aged 18 to 30 years.Methods: Relevant history was noted and cervical samples were collected and tested for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was compiled to calculate the prevalence of HPV and the genotypic distribution.Results: The overall prevalence of HPV in this study was 22.73% and that of type 16 and 18 either alone or in combination with other subtypes was 17.26%. They were the commonest subtypes. HPV positivity was inversely related to education levels (Chi square, p=0.05). There was a significant difference in parity of women testing positive for HPV versus those negative for HPV (one tailed Pr (t<t)=0.03, 95% CI=1.445 to 1,865 at 108 degrees of freedom). No difference was observed between education and socio economic levels of positive versus negative women. Type 16 and 18 accounted for 76% of all HPV subtypes detected.Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV infection is high in Indian women. The high risk oncogenic types are the commonest subtypes. There is an urgent need to screen for the presence of high risk HPV infections in younger women so that they may be followed up more closely to prevent cervical cancers.
Unprecedented disruption of lives due to COVID-19 pandemic on health of pregnant women
Authors: Ghosh Shashwatee , Fuke Rujuta , Harikanth Disha R.
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc worldwide. The quarantine imposed in this country aimed at combating this deadly disease and also created awareness amongst the masses. Though there was a decrease in case load; unemployment and food scarcity crumbled the Indian economy. This caused a significant impact on the population especially among the pregnant women. Aim was to assess the effects of measures to control COVID-19 pandemic on the health of pregnant women.Methods: A cross sectional analytical study conducted in May 2020 among 343 pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient department (OPD) in Government Medical College, Nagpur. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.Results: The study showed that majority women were 25-29 years old and most of them had education of high school level with income under 10,000. Anger and fear were the most common untoward feelings perceived by these pregnant women during pandemic. Most of them had neutral opinion regarding the impact of lockdown on their routine lives. And almost all felt that India would fight the COVID-19 pandemic through lockdown. Majority women reduced their hospital visits during pandemic even-though there was no difficulty in transportation. Although maximum women found it easy to avail medicines in pharmacy there was tremendous food scarcity and decreased earning.Conclusions: The study stresses on the need to provide mental health awareness among pregnant women during pandemic and to tackle any social inequalities. It also encourages the government to undertake time bound policy evaluation.
Uterine volume measurement as a determinant in route of hysterectomy
Authors: Hanifa Dudekula , Thakkar Nandita A. , Premalatha R.
Published: October 2021

Background: Objectives of the study were to determine the role of uterine volume rather than uterine length in assessing the route of hysterectomy; to estimate the cut-off of uterine volume for route of hysterectomy; and to correlate uterine volume measured preoperatively by ultrasound with post-operative uterine weight.Methods: This was a prospective observational study including a total of 101 women who underwent hysterectomies (vaginal, laparascopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), total laparascopic hysterectomy (TLH), abdominal) in a period of 2 years 2 months from July 2018 to August 2020 in Mehta Multispeciality Hospital, Chetpet, Chennai. Uterine size was measured by clinical examination. Ease of the procedure with various uterine volume and routes of hysterectomy were studied.Results: 51 (50.49%) underwent vaginal route (including laparascopic hysterectomy), 50 (49.50%) underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Mean uterine volume leading to removal vaginally was 168.09±139.28 cc whereas 309.12±182.47 cc for abdominal hysterectomy (p=0.001) which was statistically significant. vaginal hysterectomy was done without difficulty up to 300 cc. Postoperative complications were less with vaginal hysterectomy compared to abdominal hysterectomy was statistically significant (p=0.0001).Uterine volume measured pre operatively by ultrasound showed positive correlation (r=0.82) with post-operative uterine weight proved that uterine volume measurements was superior to the clinical estimate of uterine size in assessing the route of hysterectomy.Conclusions: Uterine volume on ultrasonography (USG) can be a good predictor in deciding whether hysterectomy via vaginal route is possible.
A cross sectional study of coagulation profile in term normotensive pregnancy and hypertensive disorders like preeclampsia, eclampsia
Authors: Priya Madana Jyotsna , Ethiraj Gomathy , Rangappa Sheela Shivamonga
Published: October 2021

Background: Normal pregnancy is a procoagulant state. In preeclampsia, this process of coagulation is exaggerated and will lead to further effects on the mother, placenta and fetus. The purpose of this study is to find out the changes that occur in the coagulation indices in pregnancy induced hypertension as compared to that in normal pregnancy which will help in the better management of patients with pregnancy induced Hypertension.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in 116 patients with normotensive and patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy conducted in a tertiary medical facility. Coagulation parameters like platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, bleeding time and clotting time were evaluated. We used the difference of 5% in mean PT between normotensive (control) and hypertensive patients by applying 80% power and alpha error of 5%.Results: Platelet counts of study population were significantly related to the prognosis of the patient. The cut off values of major parameters like aPtt, BT with the outcome were with p value of 0.37 and 0.76 respectively.Conclusions: In cases of pregnant complicated with HDP, parameters like coagulation profile, bleeding time, clotting time were probably useful indicators in the early diagnosis and management of severe morbidity of the mother and the fetus. Further prospective trials with large study population are warranted to evident these results.
Risk perception of behavioural adaptation recommendations towards COVID-19 and its related factors in Indonesia
Authors: Siswati Tri , Benita Stella , Paramita Iswari , Susilo Joko , Waris Lukman , Paramashanti Bunga A.
Published: October 2021

Background: The number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia keeps increasing even though the Indonesian government continuously communicates mitigation strategies. This study aimed to- estimate the proportion of risk perception towards COVID-19 behavioural adaptation recommendations and examine its sociodemographic determinants in Indonesia.Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,007 individuals aged 15-60 years old. Our primary outcome was risk perception towards COVID-19 behavioural adaptations. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors such as sex, age, educational level, type of occupation, family size, economic status, and regions. Descriptive statistics, univariate logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression were performed to analyse the data.Results: Around 78% of participants had a high level of risk perception related to COVID-19 behavioural adaptation recommendations. Among the participants, being females (AOR= 2.40; 95% CI: 1.76-3.27) and health professionals (AOR= 1.42; 95% CI: 0.64-1.44) were significantly associated with higher risk perceptions. In contrast, residing in Kalimantan and Sulawesi (AOR= 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23-0.79) and Eastern Indonesia (AOR= 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.88) were significantly associated with lower risk perceptions.Conclusions: Despite the high levels of risk perceptions among the Indonesian population, sociodemographic variations drove the risk perception of behavioural adaptation recommendations concerning COVID-19.
Burden and risk factors associated with low birth weight among newborns in a tertiary care hospital Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Azeem , Kumar Vikram , Choudry Erum , Niaz Sana , Ahmad Mareena , Ali Nabiha , Ali Syed Rehan
Published: October 2021

Background: Birth weight is one of the significant determinants of perinatal survival and infant morbidity and illnesses during early childhood. The burden of LBW neonates in the developed world is around 7%, whereas it is more than double at around 16.5% in developing countries.Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan. Data was extracted through the electronic medical record (EMR) with specific coding related to LBW from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020.Results: Our study showed LBW disease burden of 7.61% equated to 7% in the developed world while, in contrast with LBW prevalence in the developing countries, 16.5%. Gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and primigravida are the major risk factors associated with LBW.Conclusions: Our study concludes that antenatal care is one of the major aspects to decrease the incidence of LBW, especially in primigravida. By estimating LBW, we can plan early detection and prompt interventions against this problem, reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality in neonates.
Knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among primary school children
Authors: Khawa Sanju Pukhraj , Deol Rupinder , Kodi S. Malar
Published: October 2021

Background: Childhood plays a crucial role in moulding an individual personality and also helps in preventing various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Poor health among school children mainly results from lack of knowledge and adoption of unhealthy practices. Therefore, they should be taught regarding importance of personal hygiene in order to maintain good health. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among primary school children in selected schools of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 150 primary school children in selected schools of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. Students were selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling technique over a period of two and a half months. The assent and consent were taken from the children and their mothers. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among primary school children. The questionnaire focussed on ten different aspects of personal hygiene like brushing of teeth, bathing, hair wash, nail cutting, hand washing, clean clothes, wearing foot wear, and ear, food and water hygiene.Results: The mean age group for children was 10.04±0.904 years. The results showed that girls were more knowledgeable regarding personal hygiene and also practiced better personal hygiene practices as compared to boys. The educational status of mother played a positive factor in improving knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene.Conclusions: Periodic screening of health problems along with health education should be given to primary school children in order to improve their personal hygiene and thereby leading to a healthy life.
A study on adverse events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 CovishieldTM vaccination among beneficiaries at tertiary care centre, Hyderabad, India
Authors: Chajhlana Sunil Pal Singh , Kanusali Anjaiah , Manderwad Guru Prasad , Allenki Vineesh , Kamineni Shashidhar
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 vaccine in present pandemic situation has been emerged as a blessing in disguise. Studies found to be associated with vaccine side-effects and it is an important factor that influences the confidence of vaccine uptake in general population. Present study was designed to provide an independent evidence on ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine side effects.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between January 2021 and February 2021 at our tertiary care centre among health care workers vaccinated using a validated questionnaire. Study subjects were contacted through phone to know about any adverse events following immunization for 0-24 hours, 24-48 hours and 48-72 hours. Data collected was entered and analysed with MS excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3.Results: Healthcare workers participated were 1364. Majority of the symptoms following immunization were highest in age group of 18-28 years. Reported symptoms were pain at the site of injection- 619 (45.4%), fever- 423 (31%), Body pains- 318 (23.3%), headache- 189 (13.9%), tiredness- 142 (10.4%), swelling at the site of injection- 40 (2.9%), dizziness- 30 (2.2%), redness at the site of injection- 25 (1.8%), joint pains- 23 (1.7%), rash- 06 (0.4%), Breathlessness- 03 (0.2%) respectively.Conclusions: Overall results found the occurrence of side-effects which are in terms of manufacturer’s data and it has been noticed in young age. This study imparts the confidence for taking vaccination and further studies are required to minimize vaccine hesitancy (VH) and strengthen the public to boost their confidence in present vaccination drive.
Knowledge and attitude towards organ donation: a study among medical and nursing students of a medical college
Authors: Ghose T. K. , Deo Jayant , Dutt Vipul , Agarwal Raju , Patel Barun Bhai , Ganesh Madne , More V. K. , Pandya Kapil H. , Sharma Rekha , Sharma Dinesh , Singh Harpreet
Published: October 2021

Background: Organ transplantation is one such field of modern medical sciences which has progressed over the years and has given hope for those suffering with end stage organ diseases. There are lot of advancement in technology to preserve and transplant of organs but with this technological advancement also there are still gaps in awareness regarding the subjects. To find the gaps this study was carried out in medical college students.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in medical college of Pune. 400 students were included in study with keeping 50% of prevalence about awareness in mind. Tool of data collection was a pre-structured questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, and chi square test Chi-square test for linear trend and was used to find associationResults: The 308 (77%) MBBS students and 92 (23%). Nursing students of all batches were included in the study. The 49.3% were aware about brain death, 68% students had fair knowledge and 10% had good knowledge about organ donation issues. The 82% students were positive, 94.5% students opined positively on policy on promotion of organ donation. The 52% students were ready to donate to anyone, while 30% students preferred to donate their organs to family members, 16% were ready to donate to their friends.Conclusions: Encouraging level of knowledge regarding organ donation, its legislative implications were present in medical and nursing students which was brought in this study.
Expenses incurred by hospitalised patients in Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow
Authors: Chaudhary Digvijay , Faridi M. M. A. , Fatima Tarannum , Rahman Aysha
Published: October 2021

Background: Significant amount is spent by the patients when they attend tertiary care hospitals for treatment inspite of free services. The objective of this study was to account expenses on the medication, consumable items for patient care and food and transport.Methods: Fifty patients were recruited, 10 patients each from pediatrics, general medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology, general surgery and orthopaedics indoor wards. First two patients admitted on the day of admission were enrolled and followed for three days. The cost of patient’s expenses on investigations, medicines and consumables, travel to the hospital and food on self and relatives during hospitalization was estimated with the help of a questionnaire.Results: The expenditure was more on the patients suffering from surgical conditions. Total expenditure on the patients admitted in the orthopedics, surgery and surgical cases of obstetrics and gynaecology wards was INR 31985/, INR 11798/- and INR 14746/- for 3 days respectively. Out of the total expenses INR 1095/-, INR 1150/- and INR 1316/- were spent on food and travel of the patients and family members to the hospital for admission in orthopedics, surgery and surgical cases of obstetrics and gynaecology wards respectively. In patients with non-surgical conditions like medicine, pediatrics and non-operative cases of obstetrics and gynaecology the total cost per patient was INR 5610/-, INR 5037/- and INR 4416/- respectively.Conclusions: Patients treated in the private teaching hospital spent significant number of rupees. The expenditure by the patients undergoing surgical treatment spent two to three times more as compared to patients admitted in the general medicine and pediatric wards.
Initiative for self-control of blood sugar-diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Wali Aisha Syed , Ishtiaq Annum , Rahim Anum
Published: October 2021

Our aim was to empower underprivileged women to self-control their blood glucose during pregnancy so that optimum blood glucose values and its monitoring can be achieved as outpatient care. A dedicated clinic was established for women with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), that was focused on diabetes education and training of women. It was conducted by a team of a nutritionist, a trained midwife and residents. The challenges of unaffordability and language barrier were addressed. DIP clinic helped us cut down the cost of inpatient care. Awareness about DIP and its consequences on the baby motivated women to comply with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). The women attained ownership and the feeling of fulfilment by taking charge of their blood glucose control for the benefit of their babies.  This was a practical, cost-effective and successful health practice initiative of attaining glycemic targets in a lower middle-income population.
The translucency of human teeth and its relation to esthetic restorative materials
Authors: Basudan Thuraya Abdulrahim , Alqahtani Saif Juraythi , Alsalmh Omar Abdulaziz , Kensara Ekhlas Ishaq , Mughafi Mohammed Fareed Al , Alamri Naif Abdullah , Hakami Mohammed Bishi , Moussa Wiaam Ibrahim , Alshehri Mohammed Abdulaziz , Fayi Mohammed Ali , Mayyan Abdullah Mohmmed
Published: October 2021

The main factor that can determine the harmonization and depth of color restorations for the adjacent other restorations or other teeth is the translucency of these restorations. Many factors can affect the translucency and color of the restoration material, including translucency parameter, lighting conditions, opacity, gloss, light scattering, and overall perception by the naked eye. Previous investigations have indicated that translucency is the main factor that can significantly contribute to the esthetic characteristics of the different dental restoration materials. In the present literature review, we have discussed the translucency of human teeth and its relation to esthetic restorative materials. Comparing the translucency of the different restoration materials with the naturally occurring human enamel is essential for adequate validation of their clinical application. It has been demonstrated that for 1 mm thick human enamel, a mean value for the translucency parameter of 15-19 should be considered. We have also highlighted the differences between the different types of resin composites and different shade groups, and findings indicate the superiority of some types and shade groups over others, as previously discussed. However, it should be noted that further research is still needed to unify the variously estimated values for the translucency parameter among the different restoration materials. This can help clinicians adequately interpret these data and obtain satisfactory clinical and patient-related outcomes.
Development and validation of RP-HPLC and UV method for erlotinib hydrochloride tablets
Authors: Amirtharaj R Vijay , Lavanya S
Published: October 2021

A simple, sensitive, precise, selective reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for erlotinib hydrochloride in tablet dosage form.(0.02M)The separation was achieved on C18 column (150mm×4.6mm.i.d.,5.0μm) using potassium dihydrogen phosphate: acetonitrile in the ratio 50:50v/v as mobile phase having pH 4.5 was adjusted with methanol and flow rate 1ml/min. Detection was carried out using a UV detector at 248nm. The column temperature was adjusted at 30ᵒC. The method was validated for precision, linearity and range, stability and robustness. The developed and validated method was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of ERLONAT tablets. The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 7min with Erlotinib eluting at 6.547min.Validation studies demonstrated that this HPLC method is simple, specific, rapid, reliable and reproducible. The standard curves were linear over the concentration ranges, 88.32- 132.48μg/ml for erlotinib. The high recovery confirms the suitability of the proposed method for the determination of Erlotinib in ERLONAT tablets. The results of analysis have been validated according to ICH guideline requirements. The method can be applied for Erlotinib hydrochloride tablets.
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment for refractory uveitis: a case series
Authors:   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Yang Jing , Chen Xi-Teng ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Jiang Yuan-Feng ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Han Zhi-Bo ,   National Engineering Research Center of Cell Products, Tianjin 300457, China, Han Zhong-Chao ,   National Engineering Research Center of Cell Products, Tianjin 300457, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells, Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Beijing 300457, China, Li Xiao-Rong ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China, Zhang Xiao-Min ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
Published: October 2021

AIM: To evaluate therapeutic outcomes of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) treatment in patients with refractory uveitis.
METHODS: A retrospective and noncomparative review was performed on four patients with refractory uveitis from December 2013 to December 2017. HUC-MSCs were administered intravenously at a dose of 1×106 cells/kg. Clinical response, relapse rate, change of visual acuity, and other metrics were evaluated.
RESULTS: All four patients presented with responses to HUC-MSCs treatment, with three males and one female. The numbers of uveitis attacks per year after the HUC-MSCs treatment (0, 2, 0, 0 respectively) all decreased compared with the numbers before the treatment (3, 6, 4, 4 respectively). The oral steroid and immunosuppressive agents were tapered in all patients without recrudescence of ocular inflammation, and three patients discontinued their oral medicine at the last visit. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 3 patients was improved to varying degrees, and the BCVA of 1 patient remained at 20/20 (Snellen chart) from the first to the last consultation.
CONCLUSION: The study provides an effective therapy of HUC-MSCs in maintaining remission in patients affected by uveitis refractory to previous immunosuppressant treatments.
Consecuencias de la ausencia de regulación del financiamiento por terceros en el arbitraje comercial en Ecuador
Authors: Ibarra Villacís Daniel
Published: October 2021

Es un hecho que no hay regulación expresa respecto del TPF en Ecuador y en varios países del mundo. Esta ausencia ha generado que varios expertos del arbitraje planteen problemas que pueden presentarse al utilizar este método. Por otro lado, existe otra corriente que propone que establecer una regulación estricta, limitaría el desarrollo del TPF. Sin embargo, tras analizar las posturas y problemas que respectan al TPF, se propone que sería más beneficioso y eficiente regular el TPF en los reglamentos de cada centro de arbitraje, a través de recomendaciones generales que no establezcan demasiadas barreras al funcionamiento de este método. El Ecuador, tiene un ordenamiento jurídico amigable con el TPF, dado que este método no es contrario al orden público, y las partes pueden actuar bajo el principio de la autonomía de la voluntad ante la ausencia de prohibición expresa.
Emprendedorismo y políticas públicas. Una introducción a la literatura
Authors: Carballo Ignacio E. , Belloni Carlos M. , Amorós Martín López , Fracchia Eduardo L.
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo nos proponemos abordar la temáticadel emprendedorismo y su relación con laspolíticas públicas. Para ello, realizamos una revisiónintroductoria de la literatura partiendo de losprincipales conceptos que definen el emprendedorismoy las distintas concepciones del emprendedor.Concluimos el trabajo afirmando que loscanales que determinan la actividad emprendedoray su relación causal con el desarrollo económicoson extensos, generando arduos debates en tornoa la efectividad y prácticas adecuadas de las políticaspúblicas. Es necesario impulsar políticas quecomprometan de manera sostenible esfuerzos delos sectores públicos y privados para mantener vigorososlos procesos de emprendedorismo.
“Heroic Hearts”: Masculinity and Imperialism in “Ulysses” and “The White Man’s Burden”
Authors: Doucette Autumn Rose
Published: October 2021

This essay aims to uncover how Victorian poetry aided in the construction of a hegemonic masculinity that is ruthless, adversarial, and deemed integral to the success of British imperial work. In promoting this new paradigm, Victorian writers aimed to appeal to men’s egos and spirits, albeit in differing ways: Alfred Tennyson’s “Ulysses” (1842) professes that embodying a masculine—and therefore colonial—role serves to support personal fulfilment, while Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden” (1899) claims that the purpose of adopting such a role lies in the prosperity it brings humanity as a whole. Together, Tennyson and Kipling exemplify not only the fluidity and volatility of Victorian gender roles but showcase the ways in which masculinity became bound to tenets of violence, individuality, and to British colonialism.
Decision Making Under Chronic Stress and Anxiety: State and Trait Anxiety Impact Contextual Updating but not Feedback Learning
Authors: Rowe Juliet , Ferguson Thomas , Krigolson Olave
Published: October 2021

Stress may alter executive functioning by causing structural and functional changes to the brain. Sub-optimal decisions made under high levels of stress and anxiety may act as a mediator for stress-related health effects. We examined the effect of three personality traits–chronic stress, state anxiety, and trait anxiety–on updating working memory and feedback learning across 330 participants, using electroencephalography (EEG). We hypothesized a decrease in P300 (updating working memory) and reward positivity (feedback learning) amplitudes with increasing chronic stress and anxiety scores. The three personality traits were not correlated with reward positivity amplitudes. Additionally, chronic stress had no effect on P300 amplitudes. However, state and trait anxiety were negatively correlated with P300 amplitudes. Anxiety appears to impact working memory processes, and this effect was amplified with decreasing anxiety score quantiles to reflect the tails of the distribution. Our results are evidence of the beginnings of a correlation between anxiety and the neural correlates of decision-making, offering insight into anxiety-related adverse health outcomes.
STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR A UNIVERSAL TRAINING DEVICE FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT COMPLEXES
Authors: Druzhynin Volodymyr , Matiychyk Mykhailo , Rogozhyna Nina , Fuzik Mykhailo , Rybalchenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2021

The problems of personnel training for the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles have been updated. The differences between the skills and abilities of personnel for manned and unmanned aircraft are highlighted. The widespread types of flight simulators are considered, their features are given. The basic schemes of application of linear and nonlinear mathematical models of formation (formalization) of knowledge, abilities and skills of the personnel taking into account absence / presence of updating of the  information in the course of training are substantiated.The basic modes of operation of USL, the universal simulator for training are specified. Emphasis is placed on the fact that USL is a partial case of an automated training management system (ACS), and a block diagram of training with it is given. The tasks that can be solved on a universal simulator and the requirements for software and hardware, automated workplace, digital sound, general software, peripherals, data exchange, digital video, user interface and webbased automated instructions are discussed in detail. The functions and structure of the universal simulator for training unmanned aircraft complex are presented.
A PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL SOB A INFLUÊNCIA DO AMBIENTE NAS CONDIÇÕES DO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO
Authors: Nóbrega Giovanna Henriques da , Silva Elisângela Maria Nunes da , Souza Bonifácio Benicio de , Mangueira Júlia Marry
Published: October 2021

O conhecimento da tolerância e da capacidade das diversas espécies e raças como forma de suporte técnico a uma determinada exploração animal faz-se necessário, bem como, o estudo da introdução de raças em uma nova região ou o norteamento de um programa de cruzamento, buscando desenvolver genótipos mais adequados a uma condição mais específica de ambiente. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar, por meio de trabalhos de pesquisa encontrados na literatura vigente, a influência do ambiente sobre a produção animal na região Semiárida do Nordeste. Foi observado que mesmo em ensaios que não consideram o desempenho produtivo dos animais, pudemos constatar que os ovinos e bovinos, de raças nativas e adaptadas, testados apresentam alto grau adaptação ao ambiente semiárido, sendo assim capazes de desempenhar suas diversas aptidões produtivas com êxito. Entretanto, mais pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas no sentido de se avaliar a produção, propriamente dita, de animais das diferentes espécies sob as condições da referida região. Além da busca por alternativas para se alcançar os melhores níveis de produção animal, seja pela busca da melhor forma de introdução de raças exóticas, ou pela busca da possibilidade de trazer mais conforto aos animais, nas suas diversas fases produtivas.
Law Enforcement Against Papuan Customary Ownership in Raja Ampat Gardening on Inherited Land with Non-Productive Convertible Production Forest Status
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi , Simorangkir Liston Habonaran
Published: October 2021

Based on this perspective, the type of legal research is carried out through juridical-empirical. In terms of the orientation of law enforcement towards land management by (PCO) as citizens for gardening, it’s an arbitrary act and leads to legal discrimination, considering that the State has protected the rights of citizens through Law No. 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction Article 11 paragraph (3). In addition, the professionalism of law enforcement officials in the field of human resources must be further improved in order to further strengthen the mastery of knowledge of criminal offenses and the elements of crime from an act, so that the community as citizens is not harmed in terms of law enforcement orientation.
Strengthening Disciplined Character Education in Modern Islamic Boarding School Assalaam Surakarta During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fadhillatie Azizah Deviana , Marzuki Marzuki
Published: October 2021

During the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Modern Islamic Islamic Boarding School Assalaam Surakarta continued to carry out face-to-face learning and pesantren activities. Assalaam Islamic Boarding School remains active in fostering discipline character strengthening through various kinds of activities. This study describes the implementation, obstacles, and efforts to strengthen discipline character education in boarding school-based lower secondary schools at the Assalaam Islamic Modern Islamic Boarding School Surakarta during the covid-19 Pandemic. This type of research is phenomenological research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The collection technique used is by interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by compiling and preparing the data, reading the entire data, coding the data, applying the coding process to describe settings and themes, connecting each theme/description, and interpreting the theme/description. The results showed that character strengthening was carried out with strategies and policies, namely making rules or basic rules for students specifically for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Barriers come from factors of santri, mursyid, parents, and the background or environment around students. To overcome these obstacles, PPMI Assalaam formed a task force and abolished visiting hours for the guardians of students.
Supervision in Strengthening Teacher Professionalism (Study on Implementation of Supervisory Duties and Responsibilities in Madrasah Tsanawiyah West Lombok)
Authors: Rahimah Rahimah , Taufik M. , Djuwita Warni
Published: October 2021

One of the important components involved in teacher coaching is supervisors. Madrasah supervisors are people who are given the task and responsibility of assisting teachers to overcome teaching difficulties and improve the professionalism of teachers in learning. In today's era of education reform and autonomy, guidance on supervisory professionalism is essential in driving education through its basic duties and functions. The main duties of supervisors are as coordinators, consultants, motivators, evaluators, and portray leadership in educational activities. To carry out these basic tasks, the education supervisor should be competent with his/her duties. This research uses a qualitative approach with field research that is ¬descriptive and uses two data sources, namely primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques used are observation, interview, and documentation. Some of the conclusions obtained in this study, namely: 1) Objective conditions of implementation of the supervision process in strengthening teacher professionalism are carried out in a runout starting from planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning; 2) Supervision efforts in strengthening teacher professionalism, namely by helping teachers make learning planning, present learning, vaccinate learning, manage classes, develop curriculum, evaluate curriculum, and evaluate themselves; 3) Supporting factors and inhibition of the implementation of supervisory professionalism in strengthening teacher professionalism, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors, namely work motivation, dedication, discipline, religious motivation, academic qualifications, and competence. While the external factors are policy, personnel, facilities, and leadership. The factors that become obstacles to the implementation of supervision are the recruitment of supervisors, placement, assignment, empowerment of supervisors, quality and quantity, communication media, the existence of pokjawas, facilities / sectarian, discipline, and work motivation as well as guidelines for the implementation of supervisory duties.
Growth Performance of Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor in Different Organic Waste Biconversion Process
Authors: Azizah Asri Nur , Pranoto Pranoto , Sri Budiastuti Maria Theresia
Published: October 2021

The amount of organic waste in Indonesia has increased. One solution to reduce the amount of organic waste is to use the concept of bioconversion. Bioconversion can be done using the larvae of insects Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor. The type of organic waste and the amount of organic waste given affects the change in body weight of the larvae Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor (P>0.01). The largest change in the body weight of Hermetia illucens larvae occurs in the market waste media and the largest change in the body weight of Tenebrio molitor larvae occurs in chicken manure. The survival rates of Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor are highest in the market waste media.
Mastery of Basic Mathematics Facts in Slow Learner Children
Authors: Nugroho Bambang Wahyu , Pramudya Ikrar , Subanti Sri
Published: October 2021

As one of the mathematics objects, the basic facts of mathematics are the primary material that students must master. The facts of addition and subtraction should have been taught in the first level and mastered by the end of the second level. The multiplication and division facts should have been taught at the third level and could be mastered at the fourth level. The primary fact mastery phase consists of a counting phase, a reasoning phase, and a mastering/advanced phase. Mathematics as science should also be accepted by all students regardless of their characteristics, background, or physical needs. They must have the opportunity to learn and be supported to learn mathematics, one of which is a child with special needs slow learner. This research aims to describe the mastery of basic math facts in slow learner children. This is qualitative research, with research subjects totaling three slow learner students of Melana Junior Hight School, Semarang. Subjects are selected by purposive sampling. Data are collected through tests. Time triangulation is used for data validation. Data collection is carried out three times with a gap of 2-3 weeks. The data analysis technique in this research is data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The research results conclude that the slow learner children are not yet proficient in mastering the basic facts of mathematics. There are slow learner children who can reach the reasoning stage in mastering basic facts, but more are still in the counting stage. Slow learner children who have good basic fact skills have better grades in mathematics. The addition facts are the most effortless facts to master, while the division facts are the most difficult facts to master. Some students can master multiplication facts better than subtraction facts, but some can master subtraction facts more than multiplication facts.