bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibromyalgia patients and healthy volunteers express difficulties and variability in rating experimental pain: a qualitative study
Authors: Stussman Barbara J. , Nahin Richard L. , Čeko Marta
Published: August 2018

Background and aims

Despite the enormous body of literature spanning more than 50 years describing results of pain experiments, very few have used qualitative methods to explore subjects’ thoughts while scoring experimental painful stimuli, and none in the available literature have used qualitative interviews to do so. The current study examined how participants in experimental pain research delineate pain ratings to better understand the unique influences of the experimental setting on pain scores. An additional aim was to highlight how individuals with fibromyalgia and healthy volunteers are differently influenced by characteristics of the experimental setting.

Methods

This was an inductive, qualitative study in which individual, semi-structured interviews were performed with 31 fibromyalgia patients and 44 healthy volunteers. Participants had taken part in a pain experiment during which a thermode was used to induce painful heat stimuli on two skin areas. There were two primary interview questions analyzed for this report: (1) “Thinking back to when you were getting the heat pain on your leg, what were you thinking about when deciding on your pain score?” and (2) Participants who said that it was difficult to decide on a pain score were asked to, “Describe what made it difficult to choose a number.” Thematic analysis was used to generate conceptual categories from textual data and find common themes.

Results

Three notable differences were found between fibromyalgia patients and healthy volunteers: (1) using current daily pain as a benchmark was seen more in patients, (2) wanting to appear strong in front of the study investigators was more common in healthy volunteers, and (3) becoming mentally fatigued from rating many stimuli was more common for fibromyalgia patients. Thoughts while scoring pain included: (1) comparing with previous or current pain, (2) self-monitoring of one’s ability to endure the pain, (3) focusing on the physical aspects of the pain, (4) knowing the experimental setting is safe, (5) focusing on the pain scale as an anchor, and (6) desire to appear strong. Additionally, five difficulties in scoring experimental pain were identified: (1) falling asleep, (2) mentally fatigued, (3) feeling as though they were guessing, (4) having to make a quick decision, and (5) difficulty in being consistent.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the thoughts of participants in experimental pain research studies. Participants were distracted and influenced by the experimental setting and some factors differed for fibromyalgia patients versus healthy volunteers.

Implications

Understanding the ways in which the experimental setting influences pain ratings may help pain researchers better design and interpret studies. Researchers can use these findings to mitigate difficulties for participants in experimental research to add to its validity.
Prevalence, localization, perception and management of pain in dance: an overview
Authors: Lampe Jasmin , Borgetto Bernhard , Groneberg David A. , Wanke Eileen M.
Published: August 2018

Background and aims

Pain is a highly complex bio-psychosocial phenomenon that may present a (potential) health risk and either occurs as a warning sign or a symptom of injury. It cannot be ruled out that these rising or changing requirements in dance of all styles, are reflected in health-related outcomes such as pain. The aim of this narrative review article is to outline an overview of prevalence and localization, concepts of performance pain and injury pain, pain perception and pain management in dance. At that consequences of pain and influencing factors focusing on different dance styles or forms of professionalism are discussed.

Methods

The databases CINAHL, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Medline, MeSH and Web of Science were screened for relevant articles.

Results

Pain prevalence in dance is very high. Pain localizations can be related to high dance-specific mechanical stress on the musculoskeletal system. Depending on the pain characteristics, dancers perceive pain as “positive” (performance pain) or “negative” (injury pain). Concerning pain attitudes and management, dancers show an increasing pain tolerance. Pain seems to be accepted as a necessity, often ignored and dancing is continued despite pain.

Conclusions

The findings of this article suggest that occurrence of pain, pain perception, coping with pain and pain history appear to be connected to dance-specific mechanical stress as well as to socialization in dance culture. In dance, effects of pain on health seem to be associated with characteristics of pain and pain behavior.

Implications

The results highlight the high relevance of pain in dance and the need to take into account preventive as well as rehabilitative measures.
A regime switching skew-normal model of contagion
Authors: Chan Joshua C.C. , Fry-McKibbin Renée A. , Hsiao Cody Yu-Ling
Published: August 2018

A flexible multivariate model of a time-varying joint distribution of asset returns is developed which allows for regime switching and a joint skew-normal distribution. A suite of tests for linear and nonlinear financial market contagion is developed within the framework. The model is illustrated through an application to contagion between US and European equity markets during the Global Financial Crisis. The results show that correlation contagion dominates coskewness contagion, but that coskewness contagion is significant for Greece. A flight to safety to the US is also evident in the significance of breaks in the skewness parameter in the crisis regime. Comparison to the Asian crisis shows that similar patterns emerge, with a flight to safety to Japan, and Malaysia affected by coskewnes contagion with Hong Kong.
Verb-framed spatial deixis in Mesoamerican languages and the increasing complexity of source constructions via Spanishde
Authors: Robbers Maja , Hober Nicole
Published: August 2018

This paper aims to investigate the non-overt marking of spatial relations in the Mesoamerican area with regard to the relationship between spatial interrogatives and spatial declaratives. It is argued that languages which indiscriminately employ the same word form as spatial deictic interrogative for all three basic spatial relations,place, goalandsource, do not employ grammaticalized markers for allative and/or ablative functions. Instead they rely on motion verb constructions the semantics of which determine the spatial reference as well as the direction of motion. These systems, however, change via the intrusion of the Spanish prepositionde.
Inflectional class shifts in the Mazatec diasystem: Innovation, contact and metatypes
Authors: Léonard Jean Léo , Fulcrand Julien
Published: August 2018

This paper aims at broadening the interdisciplinary field of linguistic typology and dialectology, through diasystemic ecology, from the standpoint of inflectional morphology. Mazatec inflectional classes and intricate patterns of paradigm diversification are scrutinized through a survey of dialect taxonomies and an overall model describing main parameters, such as subconflation, inflectional class shifts and metatypes. This approach provides as efficient a grid to observe dialect divergence and convergence as traditional isoglosses, especially considering the high degree of regularity and systematicity of inflectional class processes in the Mazatec dialect network.
Convergence as the driving force of typological change in Nahuatl
Authors: Olko Justyna , Borges Robert , Sullivan John
Published: August 2018

This paper is based on extensive team research focusing on the reconstruction of the history of contact-induced change in Nahuatl from the first encounter with Spanish until the present day, taking into account both peripheral and central varieties. We trace the long-term trajectories of several morphosyntactic features that mark typological change: animacy as a grammatical category; the relational word as a lexical category; the formal distinction between comitative and instrumental markers; existential predicative possession; and relatively free word order. We argue that key innovations in Nahuatl during the colonial period are either borrowed from Spanish or begin as minor internal patterns that gradually become dominant due to similarity with an element of Spanish structure, and that these two processes have driven typological change in the language.
Constructing a genre: Hebrew ('ani) lo yode'a / lo yoda'at ‘(I) don’t know’ on Israeli political radio phone-ins
Authors: Maschler Yael , Dori-Hacohen Gonen
Published: August 2018

We explore employment of the Hebrew construction ('ani) lo yode'a / lo yoda'at (lit ‘[I] not m/f-sg.know’), roughly equivalent to English ‘I don’t know’, by callers and hosts in 80 interactions on Israeli political radio phone-in programs, as compared with its functions in casual conversation. Five uses were attested in the corpus of radio phone-ins and correlated with the syntactic form of complementation (if available) for each token of the construction: (i) expressing literal lack of knowledge; (ii) expressing epistemic stance of uncertainty / hedging; (iii) gaining cognitive processing time in the midst of self-repair; (iv) expressing affective stance of contempt or criticism; and (v) avoidance strategies. While most of these uses are common to both genres, some are unattested in casual conversation. By exploring the functions of the ('ani) lo yode'a / lo yoda'at construction and their distribution according to institutional role, the study (i) sheds further light on the use of the construction and its evolvement through use; and (ii) shows how hosts and callers exploit this specific construction in ways that establish the Israeli political radio phone-in institutional genre.
Enhancement of Full Coverage Film Cooling Effectiveness with Mixed Injection Holes
Authors: Prakash Mishra Mukesh , Sahani A K , Chandel Sunil , Mishra R K
Published: August 2018

In the present work numerical study of full coverage film cooling on an adiabatic flat plate is carried out. Cooling performance of three configurations of cylindrical holes is studied with downstream injection, upstream injection and mixed injection. In mixed injection configuration one column of holes inject in downstream direction and the holes in the adjacent column inject in the upstream direction. Numerical simulations are carried out at different velocity ratios and circumferentially averaged value of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness is estimated. Simulation results indicate that the mixed injection configuration has better and more uniform cooling, throughout the perforated plate, than with downstream injection. The difference is greater with increase in the velocity ratio. Configuration with upstream injection gives better cooling than mixed injection at front few rows of cooling holes but it shows poorer performance with downstream injection in the downstream rows of cooling holes. The obtained results from this study can be an invaluable input for highly loaded combustion chambers.
The Weapon of Blood: Politics and Intrigue at the Decline of Akkad
Authors: Kraus Nicholas
Published: August 2018

By the end of the reign of Šar-kali-šarrī, the hegemony that Akkad held over southern Mesopotamia was weakening. The governors of Sumer began to assert their independence and break free from Akkad’s control, and the Gutium presence posed a significant threat to Akkad’s power. The present article includes a copy, edition, and commentary of an unpublished Sargonic letter, specifically concerned with the political machinations occurring during this period of upheaval in the Late Akkadian period. Of particular interest are references to the governors of Umma and Adab, the ensi-ship of Gutium, and military action at Uruk. Additionally, the events detailed in this new letter closely parallel another letter from Girsu, suggesting that the two letters are synchronous correspondence. The new letter furthers our understanding of the intrigue amongst the political elite and the events leading to the end of Akkadian supremacy in Sumer.
Enkidu and the Harlot: Another Fragment of Old Babylonian Gilgameš
Authors: George A. R.
Published: August 2018

This article presents a newly deciphered Old Babylonian fragment of the Epic of Gilgameš. The passages of text preserved on it tell of Enkidu’s encounter with the prostitute and of his arrival in the city of Uruk, and clarify the relationship between other sources for the same episode. The perceived difference between the Old and Standard Babylonian poems’ treatment of Enkidu’s seduction disappears. The extant versions can be reconciled in a single narrative, common to all versions, that holds two different weeks of sexual intercourse. The different narrative strategies deployed in describing them are one of the ways in which the poem explores Enkidu’s psychological development as he changes from wild man to socialized man.
A Hymn of Ayadaragalama, King of the First Sealand Dynasty, to the Gods of Nippur: The Fate of Nippur and Its Cult during the First Sealand Dynasty
Authors: Gabbay Uri , Boivin Odette
Published: August 2018

The article presents a philological edition of a tablet stemming from the Sealand dynasty that ruled southern Babylonia during the late Old Babylonian and the early Kassite period. It contains a bilingual Sumero-Akkadian hymn to the gods of Nippur for the sake of the Sealand king Ayadaragalama. The article examines the hymn in its literary context, especially in relation to earlier Old Babylonian royal hymns, and in its historical context, focusing especially on the situation in Nippur during the period of the First Sealand dynasty.
Capital Investment, Weight Standards and Overland Trade at Emar
Authors: Zaccagnini Carlo
Published: August 2018

This article analyses a selection of texts from Emar (modern Tell Meskene) in order to illuminate Late Bronze Age trade and financial activities run by private investors and travelling merchants in Northern Mesopotamia and the Levant. In the first part of the article, two cases of redemption of indebted merchants show how capital-lenders secured their investments through personal and real-estate guaranties. The second part of the article examines the various weight standards used by merchants in international trade activities, and shows how this metrological multiplicity is reflected in the figures recorded in the texts.
Exorcists and Physicians at Assur: More on their Education and Interfamily and Court Connections
Authors: May Natalie Naomi
Published: August 2018

This study presents a further investigation into the library of the so-called Haus des Beschwörungspriesters, also known as N4 library, the largest and richest Neo-Assyrian private library. The research is based mostly on colophons, and also involves other texts originating in and outside Assur. Its purpose is to investigate further the functions of the exorcist family members in the Aššur temple and at the court and their kinship and professional relationships.
7-Methyl-6-furylpurine forms dinuclear metal complexes with N3,N9 coordination
Authors: Sinha Indranil , Heller Lukas , Kösters Jutta , Müller Jens
Published: August 2018

Two dinuclear metal complexes bearing the purine derivative 7-methyl-6-furylpurine (1b) as a ligand are reported. In [Ag2(1b)2(DMSO)2](ClO4)2·DMSO and [Cu2(1b)2(NO3)2], two bridging purine derivatives coordinate the two metal ions via their N3 and N9 positions. In the silver(I) complex, the coordination environment of each metal ion is completed by a DMSO ligand, whereas an additional nitrato ligand coordinates to each copper(I) ion. The intramolecular Ag···Ag distance of 3.1069(5) Å is in agreement with the presence of a weak argentophilic interaction, whereas the Cu···Cu distance of 2.9382(4) Å is too long to be indicative of a cuprophilic interaction. The compounds represent the first examples of dinuclear complexes comprising two N3,N9-bridging purine derivatives without any additional bridging ligand.
The use of Apixaban for the treatment of an LV thrombus
Authors: Bennett Sadie , Satchithananda Duwarakan
Published: August 2018

A 42-year-old male was admitted with shortness of breath secondary to suspected heart failure and chest infection. An echocardiogram revealed a dilated and impaired left ventricle; ejection fraction 29%, with a large, mobile thrombus within the left ventricular apex. Due to the presence of liver dysfunction, vitamin K antagonists were deemed inappropriate; thus, the decision was taken to use the novel anticoagulation agent Apixaban. After 6 days of receiving Apixaban, a cardiac magnetic resonance scan was preformed, which showed complete resolution of the LV apical thrombus.
Concomitant acute stroke, pulmonary and myocardial infarction due to in-transient thrombus across a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Barros-Gomes Sergio , Sabbagh Abdallah El , Eleid Mackram F. , Mankad Sunil V.
Published: August 2018

Non-atherosclerotic myocardial infarction (MI) is an important but often misdiagnosed cause of acute MI. Furthermore, non-atherosclerotic MI with concomitant acute stroke and pulmonary embolism due to in-transit thrombus across a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a rare but potentially fatal combination (1, 2, 3). Early detection of this clinical entity can facilitate delivery of targeted therapies and avoid poor outcome (1, 2). Here, we describe a 68-year-old female with hypertension, tobacco abuse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presenting with facial droop, right arm weakness and aphasia. Head computed tomography (CT) without contrast was unremarkable. ECG showed an acute inferolateral ST-elevation MI (Fig. 1, Panel A). As patient presented with both an acute neurological deficit and MI, clinical suspicion of non-atherosclerotic MI was raised and the patient underwent concurrent emergency coronary angiography (CAG) and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). TEE revealed highly mobile masses in the left and right atrium (Fig. 1, Panel B and Video 1). The large mass (thrombus or cast of a deep venous thrombus) was caught in a PFO (Fig. 1, Panel C, D, E and Videos 2, 3). A second smaller mass/thrombus was seen on the Eustachian valve near the right atrial/inferior vena cava junction (Fig. 1, Panel F and Video 4). CAG confirmed a 100% occluded distal right posterolateral artery suggestive of an embolic phenomenon. The patient underwent successful thrombectomy, retrieving a large thrombus burden (Fig. 1, Panel G and Videos 5, 6, 7). CT angiography showed occluded internal carotid artery (Fig. 1, Panel H). Pathology from thrombectomy confirmed fibrin-rich thrombus. The patient had bilateral lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and bilateral diffuse pulmonary embolisms.
Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE): contra-indications, complications and safety of perioperative TOE
Authors: Hauser Neil David , Swanevelder Justiaan
Published: August 2018

Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has, in certain clinical situations, become an almost universal monitor and diagnostic tool. In the perioperative environment, TOE is frequently used to guide anaesthetic management and assist with surgical decision making for, but not limited to, cardiothoracic, major vascular and transplant operations. The use of TOE is not limited to the theatre environment being frequently used in outpatient clinics, emergency departments and intensive care settings. Two case reports, one of oesophageal perforation and another of TOE utilization in a patient having previously undergone an oesophagectomy, introduce the need for care while using TOE and highlight the need for vigilance. The safe use of TOE, the potential complications and the suggested contraindications are then considered together with suggestions for improving the safety of TOE in adult and paediatric patients.
Historical records of orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) in Belém Endemism Center: species list of 92 years sampling
Authors: Brito T. F. , Santos A. C. S. , Maués M. M. , Silveira O. T. , Oliveira M. L.
Published: August 2018

Abstract The distribution of most species occurs in delimited regions with unique characteristics called “centers of endemism”. In Eastern Amazon is located the Belém Endemism Center (BEC), one of the most intensely deforested in Brazilian Amazon. Here, we show information about orchid bee assemblages based on historical records from entomological collections. For each species, we calculated occurrence frequency and dominance, and we classified them in 3 statuses: common, intermediate or rare species. Curves of observed and estimated richness were built, based on Jackknife estimator. We found 1,257 specimens from 56 species, constituting records from 1917 to 2009, and one species is a new record for BEC. Higher number of specimens and species was concentrated in a few locations and surveys increased from the 70’s. The results suggest a high richness of orchid bees in the BEC, although this scenario is far from what is expected for the entire area. The high occurrence of rare species may be related to their low representativeness in the collections, and the proximity between the areas had favored samplings. Even so, the species list and the conservation status presented here may be useful information in studies comparing past and current orchid bee fauna, and, allied to data on bees’ responses to land use changes occurred in BEC over the years, can fit as a basis for defining priority areas for conservation.
The South American lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa as a new host for Trichodina quelenii
Authors: Pala G. , Farias T. H. V. , Alves L. O. , Hoppe E. G. Lux
Published: August 2018

Abstract Recently, the South American lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa is being found inside aquaculture ponds, and even though there are a few studies on their parasite fauna, there is still much to be reported. Thus, the objective of this study is to report parasitism by trichodinids in L. paradoxa, as these ciliate protozoa are related to injuries and mortality in fish farming. The lungfish were collected from experimental tanks, had their tegument scraped and the resultant mucus was analyzed under an optical microscope for morphological and morphometrical analyses in Giemsa and silver nitrate stained slides. The species found was identified as Trichodina quelleni. This is the first report of this parasite in L. paradoxa, and the second report in cultivated fish in Brazil.
Dietary supplementation with camu-camu and continuous exercises in the treatment of obesity
Authors: NASCIMENTO Ozanildo Vilaça do , BOLETI Ana Paula de Araújo , SCHWERTZ Maíra , LIMA Emerson Silva
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective The goal of this study were to investigate the effects of continuous exercise with/or without the ingestion the Camu-camu pulp in a rat model of obesity. Methods Neonate male Wistar rats, receiving monosodium glutamate, subcutaneously were separated into foour groups: sedentary group S (no treatment), exercise group E (continuous swimming training), Camu-camu group C (25mL of pulp of Camu-camu/day) and exercise and Camu-camu group EC (25mL of pulp of Camu-camu/day, continuous swimming). After 12 weeks, the animals were received euthanasia. Results The exercise program was conducted for five days for 12 weeks and the effects of supplementation with or without Camu-camu in obese rats were analyzed, showing that the relative levels of the variables cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, High Density Lipoprotein and Low Density Lipoprotein and in all groups there was a significant reduction (.<0.001), except for the control group. Body weight and feed intake, epididymal and visceral fat deposits were not significantly different between the means of groups C and E, but these groups showed a significant difference when compared to the EC group (.<0.001). Conclusion The results demonstrate the effectiveness of continuous exercise and diet supplemented with Camu-camu fruit pulp to control obesity.
Educational training of nutritionists in Public Health Nutrition: A systematic review
Authors: ALMEIDA Géssica Mercia de , OLIVEIRA Klébya Hellen Dantas de , MONTEIRO Jordanna Santos , MEDEIROS Maria Angélica Tavares de , RECINE Elisabetta Gioconda Iole Giovanna
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT The present systematic review aimed to synthesize the findings of studies in the literature on the educational training of nutritionists in Public Health. The study was conducted by searching international databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Lilacs, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science), as well as in the gray literature. The steps of systematic search followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporing Itens for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Eligibility criteria included studies on the Public Health training in Nutrition Undergraduate courses, whose subjects were students, educators, and professionals who practice in the field of Nutrition. A total of 633 articles were identified, of which, 66 were eligible for reading and analysis of the full text and 12 were included in the systematic review. Of these, five of these 12 articles used quantitative methods, 3 used mixed methods, and 4 used exclusively qualitative methods. There was high heterogeneity among the studies, such as different samples, subjects, and evaluation methods. The studies included were carried out from 2008 to 2017 in 28 different countries, including Brazil, Canada, Vietnam, and some European countries. In most of these articles, Public Health was one of the main areas in the formal education of nutritionists, with predominant traditional teaching approach, with a biological focus and a fragmented curricular structure. The included studies were evaluated with low risk of bias. In spite of the limitations identified in the professional training of nutritionists, there was a clear emphasis on the importance of the relationship between theory and practice, teaching-research-extension approaches, and practical activities or internships in Public Health, which can promote the development of skills and competencies that can exert an impact on their professional performance.
A vitória eleitoral de Donald Trump: uma análise de disfunção institucional
Authors: Vinha Luis Miguel da
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Introdução A eleição de Donald Trump deve ser entendida à partir do sentimento de descontentamento generalizado da população americana com o seu sistema político. O êxito do candidato antissistema, que se apresentou como capaz de acabar com a ineficácia, incompetência e corrupção em Washington denota que o enquadramento institucional do sistema político norte-americano é propício à imobilização. Métodos O artigo analisa resultados eleitorais presidenciais de 2016, obtidos a partir de fontes secundárias (Pew Research Center, Gallup, CNN, The Washington Post) e discute com a bibliografia especializada no arranjo constitucional norte-americano. Resultados Os fatores institucionais que geram o imobilismo político são de ordem constitucional e partidária. Ao atribuir múltiplos mecanismos de veto aos diferentes ramos de poder, a Constituição estabeleceu os instrumentos necessários para que qualquer um dos ramos possa bloquear a ação política dos restantes. A partidarização da vida política americana rapidamente alterou a lógica de funcionamento do colégio eleitoral, pois os partidos políticos prontamente transformaram os “eleitores” do colégio eleitoral em meros agentes partidários. Discussão A crescente diversificação da sociedade americana tem contribuído para um aumento da radicalização política que inviabiliza compromissos políticos. Na tentativa de criar um sistema que acautelasse contra a possível tirania da concentração de poderes, os delegados da Convenção Constitucional de 1787 acabaram por criar um sistema propício ao impasse político. Ao renunciar o direito exclusivo de escolher os seus candidatos, os partidos políticos perderam o controle do processo político. Trump não conseguiu obter o apoio dos dirigentes do partido, mas mesmo assim conseguiu assegurar delegados suficientes para garantir a sua candidatura.
Eu quero acreditar! Da importância, formas de uso e limites dos testes de confiabilidade na Análise de Conteúdo
Authors: Sampaio Rafael , Lycarião Diógenes
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Introdução A análise de conteúdo (AC) tem sido normativamente definida a partir de três princípios fundamentais: validade, replicabilidade e confiabilidade. Neste trabalho, identificamos que os estudos empíricos, no Brasil e no exterior, têm negligenciado esses princípios, em especial o último (confiabilidade). Métodos Diante disso, oferecemos uma contribuição tanto operacional quanto crítica à AC. Em relação à contribuição operacional, o trabalho apresenta uma listagem detalhada de procedimentos sobre como se realizar um teste de confiabilidade em diferentes circunstâncias de pesquisa (com um ou mais pesquisadores). Resultados Já a contribuição crítica é uma reflexão epistemológica acerca das vantagens e limites dos usos mais comuns desse tipo de teste, usos esses que, no limite, podem comprometer a própria confiabilidade científica dos resultados publicados. Discussão De modo a evitar esse risco, propomos que pesquisas com AC podem reivindicar a presunção de confiabilidade quando (a) oferecem plenas condições de replicabilidade e (b) quando oferecem um teste de confiabilidade realizado por um ou mais codificadores, teste esse que seja aceitável como significativamente não-aleatório. Por fim, concluímos que, nos periódicos de alto impacto, predomina a importância de (b) em detrimento de (a), o que demonstra que, mesmo na elite da produção científica, ainda prevalece uma compreensão pouco exigente sobre a confiabilidade na AC.
Juventude e educação para a democracia: relatos de egressos do Parlamento Jovem Brasileiro
Authors: Martins Lúcio Meireles , Barros Antonio Teixeira de
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Introdução O objetivo do artigo é analisar relatos de egressos do Parlamento Jovem Brasileiro (PJB), iniciativa de simulação parlamentar promovida anualmente, desde 2004, pela Câmara dos Deputados, a partir da seguinte questão: como os jovens avaliam os impactos educativos do PBJ em sua formação política? Entre alguns diferenciais em relação aos estudos já apresentados sobre o tema destacam-se o fato de se tratar de um estudo qualitativo, com ênfase para a voz dos próprios jovens; refere-se a um período mais amplo, compreendendo dez anos; tem como objeto o legislativo federal e aborda um leque maior de questões. Métodos A pesquisa foi realizada em novembro de 2014 por meio de questionário online. Dentre os 763 participantes de 10 edições (2004-2013), 173 responderam (22,67%). Resultados Os resultados indicam que, além da formação política proporcionada pela experiência de simulação parlamentar, outros aspectos formativos são destacados nos relatos dos egressos, como capacidade analítica, maior compreensão da política e da atividade parlamentar. Discussão Destaca-se a relevância da educação política, considerada como esteio para a construção social e política de uma cultura cívica capaz de sustentar os regimes democráticos. O estudo procura, portanto, contribuir para essa discussão, a partir dos efeitos do PJB.
Las élites políticas en el espejo: perfiles socioprofesionales de los elencos dirigentes argentinos (1983-1999)
Authors: Mellado Virginia
Published: August 2018

RESUMEN Introdución El propósito principal de este artículo es examinar las características socioprofesionales de la dirigencia político partidaria argentina en un periodo caracterizado por la estabilidad democrática y la competencia electoral (1983-1999). El estudio se basa en el análisis del reclutamiento del personal político en una provincia del interior argentino (Mendoza), para indagar la procedencia social y grupal de los dirigentes, lo que permite reconstruir el mapeo de carreras políticas posibles en el ámbito nacional y provincial. La hipótesis de partida fue que la recurrencia regular de elecciones y la competencia electoral desplegada luego de 1983 constituyeron factores contextuales que favorecieron el desarrollo de un ejercicio profesionalizado de la actividad política. Métodos Basada en el método prosopográfico, la investigación se ha llevado a cabo a partir de la construcción de una base de datos de 544 entradas por cargos alcanzados, que incluyó a diputados y senadores nacionales, ministros, gobernadores, legisladores provinciales, entre otros. Las fuentes para la construcción de esta base provienen de documentación del Congreso Nacional de Argentina y de la Legislatura de Mendoza, de la prensa y de entrevistas en profundidad a dirigentes políticos claves. Resultados Los principales resultados que arrojó el análisis de variables cuantitativas, como la edad, la composición por género, el nivel educativo y las ocupaciones de origen exhibieron los canales de reclutamiento de las élites políticas a partir de los diferentes espacios sociales. Discusión El derrotero de esta investigación se halla en contribuir a examinar la dirigencia que ha integrado los gobiernos democráticos en sus distintos niveles en Argentina, con el objeto de observar tanto la forma en que se gestan las creencias entre los grupos que toman decisiones políticas como la forma en que se constituyen y estructuran las redes de poder entre políticos, funcionarios y personal administrativo. La mirada de conjunto dio cuenta de los atributos o condiciones que facilitan u obstaculizan las carreras políticas en el periodo contemporáneo, por lo que se procura contribuir al debate en torno a la profesionalización de la política y los políticos en América Latina.
Migração partidária nos municípios brasileiros (2000-2016)
Authors: Faganello Marco Antonio , Fernandes Jean Lucas Macedo
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Introdução O objetivo do trabalho é investigar a dinâmica das migrações partidárias em nível local, entre 2000 e 2016, tendo como escopo as eleições para prefeito e vereador, em todo o Brasil. A migração partidária é bastante explorada em nível nacional, sobretudo para o Congresso Nacional, mas em nível local esse fenômeno tem recebido pouca atenção da literatura. Métodos A metodologia utilizada é quantitativa, com informações do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE), valendo-se de ferramentas da geografia eleitoral, da análise de redes e de estatística descritiva. Resultados A migração partidária e de candidaturas (políticos que concorrem a prefeito em uma eleição e na seguinte para vereador, e vice-versa) não trazem, necessariamente, maiores chances de sucesso. Observa-se, também, que no nível local as taxas de migrações vêm decaindo, nos dois cargos. Discussão Muito se argumenta acerca da “fraqueza” dos laços partidários nos municípios e de uma relação pouco estável entre candidatos e partidos. Estes seriam trocados pelos políticos a todo momento, sempre que o contexto local fosse favorável. Sob esse ponto de vista, a migração partidária em nível municipal seria determinada for fatores circunstanciais. Contudo, os achados obtidos nesse artigo revelam que há padrões de comportamento dos candidatos e partidos nos municípios em termos de estratégias eleitorais, e que a variação nos indicadores da migração não é ad hoc. Nesse sentido, apontamos para outra realidade: os partidos seguem estratégias distintas e coordenadas, em se tratando de migrar ou não.
Fala que eu te escuto: Ouvidorias parlamentares e o seu potencial democrático
Authors: Quintão Thales Torres , Cunha Eleonora Schettini Martins
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Introdução O objeto de estudo do artigo são as ouvidorias das assembleias legislativas estaduais brasileira. No total 13 assembleias legislativas, além da Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal adotam a ouvidoria. Métodos A pesquisa consistiu no exame do desenho institucional das assembleias legislativas que adotam a ouvidoria por meio das resoluções formais, atos de criação, decretos, e etc. Também foi feita uma análise de como as ouvidorias se posicionam nos respectivos sites desses poderes legislativos, e a disponibilização de informações sobre esse mecanismo e possibilidade de interação. Por fim, foi feito um estudo de caso na Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais para entender como a ouvidoria se situa nos trabalhos do legislativo, e os atores relevantes para a realização da sua função, por meio de entrevistas com servidores e com deputados que exerceram a atividade de ouvidor. Resultado A motivação para a criação da Ouvidoria visou passar uma imagem de maior credibilidade institucional perante a sociedade, e menos pela materialidade de suas ações em si. Pelo estudo de caso ficou constatado que a adoção desse mecanismo se dá por questões simbólicas, uma vez que o nome ouvidoria possui maior força perante os cidadãos. Ao se concentrar nas práticas participativas para aqueles mobilizados – aqueles com maior predisposição participativa e envolvimento com o tema a ser debatido – gerou-se a repetição dessas entidades civis em diferentes eventos institucionais. Discussão O papel da ouvidoria no legislativo ainda não é algo institucionalizado, se comparado com as ouvidorias executivas, muito voltadas para a melhoria do serviço público. A ouvidoria do legislativo possui pouca autonomia técnica e política, e sua importância para o controle social e prestação de contas ainda é limitada.
Burocracia, redes sociais e interação: uma análise da implementação de políticas públicas
Authors: Lotta Gabriela
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Introdução Um dos enfoques da literatura sobre análise da implementação de políticas públicas observa como burocratas exercem sua discricionariedade e, assim, implementam e reformulam a política desenhada. O exercício da discricionariedade é influenciado por diversos fatores institucionais e relacionais, de forma que os resultados das políticas podem ser, em parte, explicados pelas interações estabelecidas pelos burocratas. Métodos Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa foi conduzida a partir de etnografia e entrevistas com 24 Agentes Comunitários de três municípios: Sobral (CE), Taboão da Serra (SP) e São Paulo (SP). A escolha dos 8 Agentes Comunitários de saúde por Unidades Básicas de Saúde buscou contemplar variedades em termos de tempo na carreira, envolvimento com movimentos sociais, relação com igreja etc. Essa variação foi determinada em função de dimensões que poderiam influenciar o perfil relacional dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e a forma de uso da discricionariedade. Resultados Os resultados demonstram que a atuação discricionária dos burocratas de nível de rua é altamente influenciada por suas trajetórias profissionais e perfil relacional. As redes sociais dos Agentes Comunitários influenciam a forma como estes interagem com os usuários e determinam os resultados das políticas entregues. Os atores mais habilidosos são os que conseguem caminhar na complexidade de identidades e interesses, utilizando seus signos, identidades e terminologias específicas para construir relações e práticas. Discussão Analisando a atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, este artigo observa como as políticas se constroem de forma dinâmica a partir de processos interativos entre burocratas e outros atores. Partindo do poder alocativo dos burocratas de rua, a inserção destas práticas nas redes sociais locais permite-lhes escolher os recursos que levarão para ambos “os mundos” e construírem as dinâmicas de mediação desses recursos, tornando, portanto, mais permeável, ou “mais próxima”, a fronteira entre Estado e sociedade.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN BRAZILIAN PEPPER (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) SEEDS DURING STORAGE
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Pinto , Leite Filho Argemiro Teixeira , Silva Luana Bertollini de Jesus , Silva Valeria Fátima , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Seed propagation is the standard method of propagation of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi); therefore, the study of appropriate conditions of seed storage is of great importance. The aim of this study was to quantify the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in Brazilian pepper seeds under different storage conditions. Seeds were stored at 34, 55, 75, and 93% relative humidity (RH) at 20°C. Samples were collected before storage and every two months for the analysis of moisture content, germination percentage, germination rate, lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability, and activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system. Brazilian pepper seeds remained viable for 12 months when kept at 34 or 55% RH. At 75% RH, seeds lost viability in six months, whereas at 93% RH, seeds deteriorated within two months. Electrical conductivity and lipid peroxidation decreased after eight months of storage under all RH conditions. No relation was observed between loss of physiological quality and lipid peroxidation or membrane permeability. The activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase did not vary during storage, regardless of RH.
NEURO-FUZZY MODELING: A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE FOR RISK ANALYSIS IN URBAN AFFORESTATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bressane Adriano , Bagatini João Augusto , Biagolini Carlos Humberto , Roveda José Arnaldo Frutuoso , Roveda Sandra Regina Monteiro Masalskiene , Fengler Felipe Hashimoto , Longo Regina Márcia
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Urban afforestation has important functions, but problems related to its management are equally relevant, analysis of which is needed in order to prevent accidents. However, due to the subjectivity in the assessment, there may be uncertainty as to the seriousness of the risk. In order to address this, the present work evaluates a neuro-fuzzy-based methodology for the integrated analysis of risk indicators. From the knowledge of experts and a database with 107 cases, systems were constructed for the multi-criteria analysis of 18 parameters integrated using 3 indexes and 5 indicators. As a result, the model presented accuracies of 95.5% in generalization tests, and almost perfect agreement (kappa > 0.8) with the assessment by the expert. In conclusion, the findings show that this neuro-fuzzy modeling approach represents a promising alternative for supporting risk analysis in urban afforestation.
GROWTH ANALYSIS OF HYBRID Eucalyptus urograndis (E. grandis x E. urophylla) IN RESPONSE TO SIMULATED DRIFT OF AUXINIC HERBICIDES
Authors: Carvalho Gislean Pereira , Erasmo Eduardo Andrea Lemus , Reis Marcelo Rodrigues dos , Silva Girlânio Holanda , Silva André Amaral da , Alves Patrick Callegari Magnani Santos
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate growth rates of E. urograndis under application of triclopyr and fluroxipyr+triclopyr herbicides. Was used a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial design (3x2x5), corresponding to herbicides (triclopyr and fluroxipyr+triclopyr), both with two doses (0.75 and 1.5% concentrations of 480 g and L-1 for triclopyr and 80+240 g and L-1 for fluroxipyr+triclopyr), plus one control (plants that did not receive herbicide application) and five evaluation dates at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after application (DAA). At 45 days after seedlings transplant, applications were performed with pressurized carbon dioxide backpack sprayer, equipped with beak tip (XR 110.02) with spray volume of 200 L ha-1 and constant pressure of 35 kgf/cm2. Were evaluated: leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), absolute growth ratio (AGR), relative growth ratio (RGR) and net assimilatory ratio (NAR). The drift of triclopyr and fluroxipyr + triclopyr herbicide in the hybrid E. urograndis affect plant development in the beginning of the establishment. At 75 days after simulation drift of herbicides the plants showed characteristics of the symptoms of intoxication. It’s necessary to perform studies after 75 DAA to verify the complete recovery of the intoxication symptoms of E. urograndis hybrid plants resulting from the herbicide drift in the present study.
CONCENTRATION AND SIZE OF AIRBORNE PARTICLES IN MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Teixeira Renilson Luiz , Rezende Raphael Nogueira , Silva José Reinaldo Moreira da , Paula Luana Elís de Ramos e
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT In furniture factories, the cutting of medium density fiberboard (MDF) generates high concentrations of particulates suspended in the air, which, depending on their dimensions, can reach the sensitive areas of the respiratory tract of workers. The aim of this study was to test a method to measure particle sizes derived from the cutting of wood paneling. The experiment was conducted in two small furniture factories located in the municipality of Lavras, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. During the cutting of MDF, airborne particles were collected and measured by means of optical microscopy. The data obtained showed a critical condition in the work environments, with high concentrations of small particles (<10 microns), which could be lodged in the workers’ lungs. The particle measuring process proved to be accurate and easy to perform. In addition, it is worth noting the importance of investment in personal protective equipment (PPE) such as hoods and/ or PFF2 dust masks for the protection of workers.
WOOD STRUCTURE, XYLEM FUNCTIONALITY AND GROWTH OF SIX SALIX CLONES IN TWO SITES WITH DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN ARGENTINA
Authors: Loval Sabrina Anahí , Cerrillo Teresa , Spavento Eleana , Caballé Gonzalo , Meier Alejandro Martinez , Monteoliva Silvia
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of abiotic stress (plantation site) and genotype (clone) on the wood anatomy and density of six Salix (willow) clones at three ages (2, 7, and 12 years), and the impact of these effects on the theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and growth. The clones studied were ´Ragonese 131-25 INTA´, ´Ragonese 131-27 INTA´ and “250-33” (originated from crosses between Salix babylonica and S. alba), ´Barrett 13-44 INTA´ and “NZ 26992” (originated from crosses between S. matsudana and S. alba), and the clone S. babylonica var. sacramenta ´Soveny Americano´. They were planted in two sites of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, with different abiotic stress: i) the Paraná River Delta, a site with recurrent floods, and ii) a continental site with lower water availability and no floods. The vessel morphometry, wood density, Ks, and current annual increments at the three ages were determined. The clone x site interaction was the source of variation with greatest impact, being this significant for vessel diameter, Ks, wood density and growth. This means that, depending on the type of stress at the plantation site, the clones responded differently, showing differences in their structure, functionality, and wood production. The results showed that the clones Soveny Americano and 26992 were better suited to stress by flood, whereas clones 131-25, 131-27, 250-33 and 13-44 were better adapted to moderate drought conditions, with responses at the level of the xylem and wood density, and therefore at the level of wood production.