bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENERGY DIPLOMACY IN THE QUADRANGLE OF ECONOMIC AND LEGAL RELATIONS
Authors: Dikariev O. I. , Kovaleva О. А.
Published: October 2021

The research materials represent a theoretical reflection on the strategies of the leading actors of world politics for the development of the hydrogen economy and the transformation of global fuel and energy complex in the context of the tasks voiced at the Summit of Climate Leaders on April 22-23, 2021 (“reducing emissions during this critical decade”, “mobilizing public and private sector finances to ensure zero transition to a new clean energy economy”, “promoting transformational technologies of pure zero by 2050”). The article examines a numer of state strategies: 1) dialectical balance between the operational concepts of the methodical "matryoshka (triple) doll" (biosphere - human life - technosphere) in the European Green Deal, Alternative Energy and Hydrogen Economy projects; 2) achieving synergy of components in the quadrangle of economic and legal relations "Lex Mercatoria - Democratia Carboneum - Lex Petroleа - European Green Deal" when applying new technologies; 3) filling the national and international legal gap to ensure innovation in the field of energy at all stages (extraction, production, supply, transportation, transfer, storage of energy resources, design, construction, operation of energy facilities); 4) resource self-sufficiency and technological capabilities of using hydrogen, choosing the best option for the hydrogen value chain; 5) development of fuel and energy complexes of the European Union, the Republic of Korea, and Japan in terms of prospects for hydrogen energy and building a hydrogen economy based on a combination of national industrial traditions with innovative technologies. The article also deals with a set of institutional factors and legal norms for regulating the relationship between the subjects of national and global fuel and energy complexes in the context of the dynamics of demand for hydrogen and other types of fuel and energy resources in local and world markets. It gives the analysis of the effectiveness of government strategies to reduce dependence on imports of traditional types of energy sources and the development of "green" energy. The authors attempted to identify the priority tasks of energy diplomacy.
THE EVOLUTION OF BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA IN THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Sinovets П. А. , Nerez M. R.
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the exploration of the Russian strategic culture and its influence on the major foreign and security policy trends of the Russian Federation. In particular, we suggest dividing Russian strategic culture into the three domains, taking roots from the historic, geographic, and religious foundations of the Moscow state. Those are, first, the Third Rome doctrine, having laid the background for the Russian imperial messianism, the immanent rivalry with the West as well as the Russian World idea and the further annexation of Crimea. Second, the “gathering lands” principle added the sacral meaning to the idea of strategic depth and the territory of Russia. As the result, the breakup of the Soviet Union and the enlargement of NATO to the East became the most painful episodes in Russian history, causing the reaction, which led to the confrontational role of Russia in the international system. And “the besieged fortress” principle serves as the element of integrating the Russian state and society as it is based on the idea that only the existence of rivals makes Russia the great state.
US WITHDRAWAL FROM THE OPEN SKIES TREATY: CONSEQUENCES FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND STABILITY
Authors: Maksymenko I. V. , Matuyzo V. V.
Published: October 2021

The arms control regime consists of several documents, and the United States of America and the Russian Federation as the State-Parties ensured the implementation and effectiveness of them mostly. However, the growing conflict between these States due to Russia's numerous violations of international law and obligations under international agreements has also harmed arms control. The withdrawal of both states from strategically important documents, which were tools for maintaining transparency and mutual control, is a result of the decline in trust and the lack of a constructive dialogue between Washington and Moscow. The Open Skies Treaty is one of these documents. The article examines the United States' reasons for the withdrawal from the Treaty and reveals the consequences of such a decision by the administration of President Trump. It is noted that the agreement, the idea of ​​which belonged to the United States, was signed immediately after the end of the Cold War and was to help build trust and openness in the new environment. It is noted that the Treaty ensures international stability through the ability of each party to openly collect information on the armed forces, activities, and operations of another party through coordinated flights of reconnaissance aircraft over the territory of the member states. However, problems are gradually accumulating due to Russia's actions to restrict flight zones in violation of the provisions of the Open Sky Treaty, which has become especially acute since 2014. That made the United States think about the meaning of participating in an agreement where one of the parties violates its provisions. The authors outline the consequences of the U.S. decision to leave the agreement; in particular, the focus is on the reactions of the U.S. European partners and Ukraine. They also examined applications and countermeasures by Russia that has also announced its withdrawal from the agreement. Reflecting on the prospects for international security and arms control, the preconditions for the potential return of the United States and Russia to the Open Sky Treaty are outlined.
IV SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT”
Authors: Belinska D. , Burganova V. , Gordienko S. , Musienko А. , Pogrebnyak M. , Shevchenko Y. , Houphouet L. , Navasardian D. , Novatska О. , Palyonova G. , Polyakova E. , Zazalitinova V. , Prokhorova V. , Elkhair А.
Published: October 2021

Scientific conference for young teachers and masters who study in the specialty 291 International Relations, Public Communications and Regional Studies, with the participation of the Dean of the Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Sociology V. V. Glebov, Head of the Department of International Relations O. I. Brusylovska, lectors and guests of the University, took place on May 18, 2021 at the FIRPS ONU named after I. I. Mechnikov. Among the issues considered at the conference were: the analysis of the theory of international relations (Belinska D., Burganova V., Gordienko S., Musienko A., Pogrebnyak M., Shevchenko Y.), foreign policy of the states (Houphouet L., Navasardyan D., Novatska O., Palyonova G., Polyakova E., Zazalitinova V.), systemic transformation of post-communist and post-colonial countries (Prokhorova V., Elkhair A.).
Meetings with the Polish Cinema: An Outline of a Sociological Study into Traveling Cinema Based on the ‘Light-Sensitive Poland’ Project
Authors: Wejbert-Wąsiewicz Ewelina
Published: October 2021

The presented study aims to describe the outdoor movie project called ‘Light-Sensitive Poland’ [Pol. ‘Polska Światłoczuła’] in two perspectives – functional and interactive. During the qualitative field research, the author tried to find out what motivations drive the different sides of the project. The sociological study is based on scientific and statistical sources as well as on the material collected in the period 2012–2014 during the six touring cinema routes in Poland within the ‘Light-Sensitive Poland’ project. The specific objective is to attempt to include the author’s own sociological observations made during the fieldwork in the broader context of the traveling cinema phenomenon. The collected materials provided an opportunity to sketch the socio-cultural atmosphere of meetings between the audience and the works and their creators, in particular the expectations and motivation of both the creators and recipients. The article refers to the author’s own ordinary and participatory observations (both open and hidden). The article used 50 ordinary observations from the screening and from the meetings with the audience (conversations with the audience after the screening and about 100 short recorded conversations with the audience about the movie impressions and motivation to participate in the screening), as well as the insider experience from several dozen days in touring cinemas. The research is not representative of the overall audience of the screenings during the six tours. The author does not discuss the results of the research on the reception of contemporary Polish movies (discussion after screenings), but, rather, focuses on the institutional and interactive approach to mobile cinema.
Cellulase hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana leaf utilization as a feed ingredient for gourami fingerling
Authors: Jefry Jefry , Setiawati Mia , Jusadi Dedi , Fauzi Ichsan Achmad
Published: October 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana by celullase enzyme as the feed ingredient of gourami fish. This study used a completely randomized design which contained three steps, whereas each step contained four treatments and four replications. The first step performed by evaluating the Indigofera leaf meal (ILM) added with cellulase enzyme of 0 g/kg (control), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, and 1.2 g/kg. The second step was the digestibility test of ILM on gourami seeds. The third step was feed evaluation added with ILM as much as 0% (control), 15%, 30%, and 45% against the growth performance on gourami seeds. The gourami seeds used in the second and third steps with a weight of 13.65 ± 0.39 g/seed and 5.95 ± 0.15 g/seed, respectively. The addition of 0.8 g/kg and 1.2 g/kg cellulase enzyme could significantly decrease the crude fiber of ILM with 43.33%, besides having the best value of total, ingredient, protein, lipid, and energy digestibility. The growth performance of gourami seeds given 15% ILM added feed had the best value and insignificantly different from the control feed without ILM addition based on the specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), and feed efficiency (FE).       
 
Keywords: Cellulase, feed, hydrolyze, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy.
 
ABSTRAK
 
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan daun Indigofera zolingeriana yang dihidrolisis enzim selulase sebagai bahan baku pada pakan benih ikan gurami. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas tiga tahap, dimana masing-masing tahap terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan evaluasi tepung daun Indigofera (TDI) yang ditambahkan enzim selulase sebesar 0 g/kg (kontrol), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, dan 1.2 g/kg. Pada tahap kedua dilakukan uji kecernaan bahan TDI pada benih ikan gurami. Pada tahap ketiga dilakukan evaluasi pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 0% (kontrol), 15%, 30% dan 45%  terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan pada benih ikan gurami. Benih ikan gurami yang digunakan pada penilitian tahap kedua dengan bobot 13.65 ± 0.39 g/ekor dan 5.95 ± 0.15 g/ekor. Penambahan enzim selulase pada dosis 0.8 g/kg dan 1.2 g/kg secara signifikan mampu menurunkan serat kasar TDI sebesar 43.33 % dan memberikan nilai terbaik terhadap nilai kecernaan total, kecernaan bahan, kecernaan protein, kecernaan lemak dan kecernaan energi. Kinerja pertumbuhan benih ikan gurami yang diberikan pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 15% memilki nilai terbaik dan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pakan kontrol tanpa TDI dari aspek laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), retensi protein (RP) dan efisiensi pakan (EP).
 
Kata kunci: Hidrolisis, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy, pakan, selulase.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF NATIONAL MEXICAN REAL ESTATE PRICES
Authors: Demmler Michael , Gómez Hernández Denise
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To explain Mexican home prices using fundamental, macroeconomic variables in order to identify possible financial bubble tendencies within the Mexican national housing market during the period 2005 to 2018.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study analyzes quarterly data of Mexican real estate market prices and various fundamental, macroeconomic variables during the period 2005 to 2018. The quantitative research approach of the study is based on descriptive statistics and regression analyses.

RESULTS: The main results of the study are as follows: First, a simple comparison between market prices and fundamental values shows some kind of (preliminary) evidence of bubble tendencies on the Mexican national real estate market. Secondly, a more sophisticated regression analysis concludes that especially the fundamental variables outstanding mortgage volume and unemployment rate can explain real estate market price movements almost perfectly.

CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis of a financial bubble within the national Mexican real estate market is then rejected, in the considered period 2005 to 2018.
HAREZM TÜRKÇESİ METİNLERİNDE ALINTILARDAN SÖZCÜK TÜRETİMİ (FARSÇA ÖGELER)
Authors: ERGENE Oğuz
Published: October 2021

Sözcük alışverişlerinin gerçekleştiği diller, bu olayın nedenleri ve örnekleri, alıntıların nitel ve nicel özellikleri vb. değişiklikler gösterse de diller arasında her zaman görülen alıntı sözcük kullanımı, Türkçenin ilk metinlerinden itibaren örneklenmektedir. Türlü dillerden alınan bu sözcükler, Türkçenin türetme olanakları doğrultusunda Türkçe yapım ekleriyle yeni adlar ve eylemler oluşturmakta; kimi zaman birden çok dile ait birim, bir arada kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Harezm Türkçesi metinlerinden Kısasü’l-Enbiyâ, Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb, Mu’înü’l-Mürîd, Nehcü’l-Ferâdîs ve Satır Arası Kur’an Tercümesi taranarak Farsça kökenli sözcüklere getirilen Türkçe yapım ekleri belirlenmiş, sınıflandırılmış; eklerin işlevleri, sözcüklerin dönem metinlerindeki anlamları ve kullanımları belirtilmiştir. Metinlerden elde edilen örnekler çerçevesinde, Türkçenin sözcük türetme olanaklarının Harezm Türkçesindeki Farsça kökenli alıntılarda belirlenen görünümleri, bu ögelerin Türkiye Türkçesinde var olan biçimleriyle karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Dönem metinlerinde, Farsça adlara bir ya da birden çok Türkçe yapım eki getirilerek adlar ve eylemler türetilmiştir. Bu tür örnekler arasında addan ad yapımı daha sıktır. Türetilen adlarla kurulan birleşik eylemler de dikkat çekici yoğunluktadır. Addan ad türetiminde çoğunlukla /+lIg/+lUg/ ~ /+lI/+lU ve /+lIk/+lUk/ ~ /+lIg/+lUg/; addan eylem türetiminde ise /+lA-/ ve bu ekin çatı ekleriyle genişletilmiş biçimleri tercih edilmiştir. Harezm Türkçesindeki belirlenen türetmelerin 72 tanesi, özgün biçimleri ya da ses değişikliklerine bağlı değişkeleriyle Türkçe Sözlük’te (TDK 2011) sözlük birimi olarak yer almaktadır. Bunların bir bölümü, bu iki yazı dilinde, aynı ya da benzer anlamlı olmakla birlikte anlamı farklılaşan örnekler de bulunmaktadır.
TÜRKÇE ATASÖZLERİ İÇEREN OSMANLI DÖNEMİ DİL YADİGÂRLARI
Authors: ÇETİN Engin
Published: October 2021

Atasözleri, bir milletin düşünce yapısını, olaylara ve durumlara bakış açısını ortaya koyan, milletlerin kültürel birikimini yansıtan söz öbekleridir. Atasözlerinin Türkçe ilk kaynakları Orhon Yazıtları olarak gösterilse de üç büyük yazıttaki atasözüne benzer özellik gösteren sözlerin başka herhangi bir kaynakta tespit edilmemiş olması bunların toplumun ileri gelenlerine ait veciz sözler olduğu ihtimalini güçlendirir. Hâlbuki Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk’teki “sav”ların büyük çoğunluğunun varlığı hem tarihî hem de çağdaş Türk dillerinde tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle ilk kaynak olarak Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk’ü kabul etmek daha uygun olabilir. Atasözleri Anadolu için de vazgeçilmez bir unsur olarak hem edebî hem de didaktik unsur olarak kullanılmıştır. Böylelikle Türkçe atasözleri için Osmanlı döneminde hazırlanan eserler de bizler için önemli kaynak niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı döneminde yerli ve yabancılar tarafından hazırlanmış, Türkçe atasözleri içeren eserler tanıtılarak bu eserlerin önemini göstermek amacıyla eserlerdeki atasözlerinin sayısı ve nitelikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma kısa bir “Giriş”in ardından “Yabancı Müelliflerce Hazırlanan Eserler” ve “Osmanlı Müelliflerince Hazırlanan Eserler” olmak üzere iki ana esasa dayanan “İnceleme” bölümünü içermektedir. “Osmanlı Müelliflerince Hazırlanan Eserler” de “Atasözü Derlemeleri”, “Nasihatnâme (Pendnâme) Türündeki Eserler”, “Divanlardaki Atasözleri” ve “Diğer Eserler” olmak üzere sınıflandırılmıştır. “Sonuç” bölümünde ise konuyla ilgili genel değerlendirmeler yer alır.
TUVACANIN “KADIN” İLE İLGİLİ SÖZ VARLIĞI
Authors: KARADAĞ TOPRAK Fatoş
Published: October 2021

Tematik çalışmalar söz varlığı çalışmaları içerisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi de kadını merkeze alan söz varlığı çalışmalarıdır. Bu konuda Türk dilinin tarihî ve çağdaş dönemlerine ait pek çok çalışma yapılmış ve yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da Tuvacanın kadın söz varlığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tuvaca Rusya Federasyonuna bağlı Tuva Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde konuşulan, Güney Sibirya grubu içerisinde değerlendirilen Türk dillerinden birisidir. Bölgesinde bulunan diğer Türk dillerine oranla ana dili konuşur sayısı ve toplumsal işlevi yüksek olan Türk dillerindendir. Çalışmada kadın söz varlığının tespitinde ise Tuvacanın Tatarintsev tarafından hazırlanan etimolojik sözlüğü ve Tenişev redaktörlüğünde hazırlanan sözlüğü kullanılarak taramalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan taramalar neticesinde elde edilen malzeme sınıflandırılarak tespit edilen kelimelerin etimolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Böylelikle Tuvacanın kadın söz varlığı ortaya konulmaya ve elde edilen malzemenin köken açısından tespiti sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
The Dynamics And Vicissitudes of China- India Relations in The Post-2017 Border Conflict
Authors: Nte Ngboawaji Daniel , Lucas Oluka Nduka , Nte Awajiowa Daniel , Isah Awwal
Published: October 2021

This study argued that one of the primary reasons China-India renewed diplomatic intercourse after the border conflict of 2017 was the fear of emergent cross-border terrorism in the Southern Asia region. It also argued that, although both nations have different approaches to terrorism, there was a need for a collective fight against the emerging cross-border terrorist groups believed to have been strengthened by ISIS affiliation. Furthermore, the study revealed that India and China’s rising economic posture contributed to the renewed diplomatic ties. On these premises, this study is posed to examine the reasons and benefits of China-India’s renewed economic, diplomatic intercourse after the border conflict of 2017.Keywords: China-India, Economic Relations, Diplomatic Relations, Cross- border terrorismTulisan ini berargumen bahwa salah satu alasan utama China-India memperbarui hubungan diplomatik setelah konflik perbatasan tahun 2017adalah karena ketakutan akan terorisme lintas batas yang muncul di kawasan Asia Selatan. Tulisan ini juga berpendapat bahwa, meskipun kedua negara memiliki pendekatan berbeda terhadap terorisme, ada kebutuhan untuk perjuangan kolektif melawan kelompok teroris lintas batas yang diyakini telah diperkuat oleh afiliasi ISIS. Lebih lanjut, tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa postur ekonomi India dan China yang sedang rising berkontribusi terhadap hubungan diplomatik kedua negara paska konflik perbatasan 2017. Berdasarkan premis-premis tersebut, penelitian ini diajukan untuk mengkaji alasan dan manfaat hubungan ekonomi dan diplomatik China-India yang diperbarui setelah konflik perbatasan tahun 2017.Kata-kata Kunci: China, India, Hubungan Ekonomi, Hubungan Diplomatik, Terorisme lintas batas
Evaluation on Indonesian’s Local Government Website for Practicing Paradiplomacy
Authors: Surwandono Surwandono , Nugroho Ariyanto , Yanuar Muhammad Dedy
Published: October 2021

Paradiplomacy as an instrument of local governments to develop international cooperation in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 requires some thoughts and policies relevant to information technology. Website constitutes an important platform for local governments to exercise their Paradiplomacy as a regional practice of conducting international relations. The website becomes a world window for local governments to communicate and cooperate with local government partners and institutions abroad. This article conducts an evaluation study towards local government websites in Indonesia related to the readiness to face the industrial revolution 4.0 in the issue of international cooperation through digital diplomacy means. The preferred research method is to analyze the content of website structure of the Indonesian local government, be it from front-line, content, and/or backline. This article found that the platform of Indonesian local government websites is fairly fragile in the institutionalization of paradiplomacy using website as the instrument. Comprehensive policies from the central and local governments eventually become indispensable in order to make the practice of digital diplomacy by local governments in Indonesia more productive.Keywords: Paradiplomacy, Digital Diplomacy, e-GovernmentParadiplomasi sebagai instrumen pemerintah daerah untuk mengembangkan kerja sama internasional di era revolusi industri 4.0 memerlukan beberapa pemikiran dan kebijakan yang relevan dengan teknologi informasi. Website merupakan platform penting bagi pemerintah daerah untuk melaksanakan Paradiplomasi mereka sebagai praktik regional dalam melakukan hubungan internasional. Website menjadi jendela dunia bagi pemerintah daerah untuk berkomunikasi dan bekerja sama dengan mitra dan lembaga pemerintah daerah di luar negeri. Artikel ini melakukan kajian evaluasi terhadap website pemerintah daerah di Indonesia terkait kesiapan menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 dalam isu kerja sama internasional melalui sarana diplomasi digital. Metode penelitian yang dipilih adalah dengan menganalisis isi dari struktur website pemerintah daerah Indonesia, baik dari front-line, content, dan/atau backline. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa platform website pemerintah daerah Indonesia cukup rapuh dalam pelembagaan paradiplomasi dengan menggunakan website sebagai instrumennya. Kebijakan yang komprehensif dari pemerintah pusat dan daerah pada akhirnya menjadi sangat diperlukan agar praktik diplomasi digital oleh pemerintah daerah di Indonesia semakin produktif.Kata-kata kunci: Paradiplomasi, Diplomasi Digital, e-Government
Diversity of medicinal plants used in the treatment of typhoid fever in the High Guinean savannah zone of Cameroon
Authors: Nyeck Boris , Awé Djongmo Victor , Chimi Djomo Cedric , Noiha Noumi Valery
Published: October 2021

The present study consisted of an inventory of medicinal plants used in the treatment of typhoid fever by the populations of the Vina division of Cameroon. Ethnobotanical surveys were carried out among 20 naturopaths using survey forms. The naturopaths were 80% male and over 50 years of age. Twenty-four species were identified in the Vina subdivision as treating typhoid fever. Leaves were the most commonly used parts (58%) and decoction was the most commonly used preparatory method (99%). The oral administration is the most used mode in the treatment of typhoid (100%). These results show us that medicinal plants can contribute to the treatment of some diseases, subject to biological exploration of their activity so that these plants can constitute a source of improved traditional medicines for the treatment of typhoid fever.
Studies on ethno-medicinal plants used by the Gond tribes of Bilaspur district from Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Gurav Nishanth S. , Kareem Abdul , Srivastava Sangeeta , Dhatchanamoorthy N.
Published: October 2021

The ethnobotanical study was carried out among the ethnic group (Gond tribe) in Bilaspur district from Chhattisgarh. A field survey of the study area was carried out during 2009 to 2008 document the medicinal use of plants occurring in the area by Gond tribe. Traditional uses of 54 plant species belonging to 40 families are described. The documented ethnomedicinal plants are mostly used to cure skin diseases, asthma, diarrhea, joint pain, cough, wounds, piles, urinary troubles, swelling and as an eye drop.
Using of the component method in logistics of supplies of high-tech production components
Authors: Fedorovich Oleg , Pronchakov Yurii , Leshchenko Yuliia , Yelizieva Alina
Published: October 2021

In this paper the research of logistics processes in the distributed manufacture of high-tech engineering products (aircraft construction, shipbuilding, etc.) is carried out. The architecture is systematically presented for creation of innovative engineering product, which is further used in the logistics of supply, production and sales of products. For the formation of the architecture of a complex product the component approach is used, which makes it possible to represent individual components of a product in the form of relatively isolated elements, which simplifies the design and production of complex technique. The topicality of this paper is associated with the research of logistics processes in creating a complex product based on component architecture. The purpose of the research is improving of the logistics processes efficiency in distributed manufacture based on the using of the component architecture of a high-tech product. The research is carried out in two stages. At the first stage the set of suppliers of products are formed taking into account the logistics costs associated with the production and delivery of components to an assembly type production system. At the second stage the choice of transport routes with possible transshipment of goods is carried out taking into account the dissimilar transport system (aviation, rail, road and other types of transport). Optimization is carried out for the rational choice of transport routes taking into account logistics costs, delivery time and risks. At the last stage of the research the model of dynamic processes of logistics of supplies into assembly production was created. Simulation of the movement of requests (cargo) in a dissimilar transport system is carried out, which is based on the wave-like movement of applications and allows minimizing the delivery time of components, costs and risks. Mathematical methods were used: system analysis to represent the structure of a complex product; component approach for the formation of multilevel product architecture; integer optimization of logistics costs; event-based and agent-based simulation to select rational routes for the supply of components. The proposed approach allows you to research systematically and optimize the logistics processes of distributed manufacture supplying based on the component architecture of a complex engineering product.
Eş Maliyetli Küme Kapsama Problemi İçin Adaptif Gözlem Ağırlıklandırmaya Dayalı Bir Yerel Arama Algoritması Önerisi
Authors: PALA Osman
Published: October 2021

Gerçek hayatta işletmelerin karşılaştığı birçok problemin modellenebildiği eş maliyetli küme kapsama problemi, temel bir matematiksel problemdir. Problemde, veri setinde yer alan gözlemlerin tamamını barındıracak şekilde en az sayıda küme seçilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Tam sayılı programlama şeklinde ifade edilen problemin çözümünde, klasik ve kesin sonuç veren yöntemlerin yetersiz kalması nedeniyle çeşitli iteratif yaklaşımlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımlardan biri ise yerel arama algoritmalarıdır. Çalışma kapsamında problemin kendi yapısına uygun ve gözlemleri adaptif ağırlıklandırmaya dayalı bir yerel arama algoritması önerilmiştir. Adaptif yapı kullanılarak oluşturulan değişkenler için, optimizasyon sürecinde elde edilen çıktılar girdi parametreleri olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu sayede yerel arama yaklaşımının daha akıllı hale getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Önerilen adaptif metot, örnek eş maliyetli küme kapsama problemlerinin çözümünde kullanılmış ve performansı literatürde yer alan diğer adaptif yöntemlerle kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuçlar incelenerek, geliştirilen metodun etkinliği ortaya konmuştur.
Efektivitas Pengendalian Penyakit Tungro secara Terpadu dengan Pendekatan Pengendalian Biointensif
Authors: Ibrahim Eli Surya , Mugiasih Ani , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Ladja Fausiah T.
Published: October 2021

Tungro disease is one of the obstacles to increase the national rice production  program. In some areas, this important disease is endemic. On the one hand, some farmers in controlling plant pests and diseases still use pesticides, which negatively impact health and the environment. On the other hand, environmentally friendly tungro disease control technology is available. This study aims to determine an environmentally friendly integrated control technique for tungro disease consisting of resistant varieties, biopesticides, and conservation of natural enemies with flowering plants in suppressing green leafhopper populations and the incidence of tungro transmission in infection-sensitive plant stage.  The test area is located in Lanrang,Sidrap at the Experimental field of Tungro Disease Research Station, Lanrang Sidrap, South Sulawesi, Indonesia from April to September 2017, using a split-plot design. Main plots are: 1) Biointensive control plots, using flowering plants (refugia) and pest control with andrometa which is a mixture of the entomopathogenic fungus Metharizium anisopliae and sambiloto extract; 2) Conventional plots, without flowering plants and pest control using pesticides. As sub-plots are rice varieties: 1) TN1, 2) IR64, and 3) Inpari-9 Elo which differ in resistance to tungro. Observations were made at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (MST). The results showed that the population of green leafhoppers in the TN1, both in the bio-intensive control plot and in the conventional control plot, was higher than the other two varieties. The population of natural enemies in bio-intensive control consists of 10 predator families and the conventional control consists of 9 predator families. The effectiveness of bio-intensive control has an effect on decreasing the population of green leafhoppers and the diversity of natural enemies, and has no significant effect on the incidence of tungro transmission, and has no effect on grain yield. Therefore, biointensive control needs to be developed to create a pesticide-free agricultural environment.
Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Scab Resistance in Apple (Malus × Domestica)
Authors: Mir Saba , Sakina Aafreen , Masoodi Khalid Z. , Bhat Khalid M. , Padder Bilal A. , Murtaza Imtiyaz , Nazir Nagina , Bhat Zahoor Ahmad , WANI SHABIR HUSSAIN , Shikari Asif B.
Published: October 2021

Scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. is the most important fungal disease of apple. Fungicide application is a widely practiced method of disease control. The use of chemicals is however, cost intensive, tedious and ecologically unsafe. Development of genetic resistance and breeding of resistant cultivars is most reliable and a safest option. One such source of scab resistance happens to be the variety ‘Shireen’, released from SKUASTKashmir. However, till date the nature of resistance and its genetic control has not been characterized. The aim of this research was to elucidate the genetic basis of scab resistance in Shireen. The present study helped us to identify two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 2 and 8 and six potential CDGs for the polygenic resistance in ‘Shireen’. The genomic region corresponding to the mapped QTLs in LG 2 and LG 8 of ‘Shireen’ was examined for candidate genes possibly related to scab resistance using in silico analysis. The QTLs mapped in the genetic background of Shireen are the novel QTLs and may be transferred to desirable genetic backgrounds and provide opportunities for isolation and cloning of genes apart from their utility in order to achieve durable resistance to scab.
Traffic state prediction based on stochastic repetitive hill climbing method
Authors: Shen Z.
Published: October 2021

A reasonable structure of traffic state network is a prerequisite for traffic state prediction. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the hill climbing method, a traffic state prediction method based on the random repetitive hill climbing method is proposed. A multi-network structure is obtained by iteratively running the hill-climbing method on the randomly generated directed acyclic graph; the node and directed edge selection criteria in the optimal Bayesian network structure are determined by defining the confidence degree of directed edges and calculating the confidence threshold; using the optimal Bayesian network structure, four traffic states, such as smooth, smooth, congested and blocked, are predicted and evaluated comprehensively. The analysis results show that the overall accuracy of the method for traffic state prediction exceeds 85\% when only two variables such as time of day and holiday are selected, which can provide effective methods and data support for highway operation state monitoring and early warning and decision analysis.
Use of Low-Protein Staple Foods in The Dietary Management of Patients With Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Shi Junbao , Wang Yue , Wang Song , Lu Xinhong , Chen Xinxin , Zheng Danxia
Published: October 2021

BackgroundMaintaining a low-protein diet (LPD) is important for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to delay renal degradation and alleviate clinical symptoms. For most patients with CKD, it is difficult to maintain the necessary low level of dietary protein intake (DPI). To improve the current dietary management of CKD, we conducted an intervention study by administering low-protein staple foods (LPSF).MethodsWe conducted a prospective case-crossover study among 25 patients with stage 3-4 CKD. During the initial 12 weeks of the study, we instructed the patients regarding a standard LPD according to the recommendations of a renal dietitian. In the second stage of the study, we instructed the patients regarding an LPSF (250 g/d) diet, and followed these patients up for 12 weeks. We compared the DPI, dietary energy intake (DEI), normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance (nPNA), serum creatinine levels, and nutritional index between baseline and the end of the study.ResultsWe found no change in dietary variables among the patients during the first 12 weeks of the LPD. After subjecting them to an LPSF diet, the corresponding variables showed a pronounced change. The patients’ DPI decreased from 0.88±0.20 to 0.68±0.14 g/kg/d (P<0.01) and the nPNA value decreased from 0.99±0.18 to 0.87±0.19 g/kg/d (P<0.01). The high biological value protein intake proportion increased from 42% (baseline) to 57% (P<0.01) during the 24 weeks. No variation was found in the measured DEI (28.0±5.8 vs 28.6±5.4 kcal/kg/d), nutrition assessment, or renal function and serum creatinine levels.ConclusionOur prospective case-crossover study demonstrated that an LPSF diet can help patients with stage 3-4 CKD reduce DPI and nPNA values, improve the proportion of highly bioavailable proteins, ensure adequate calorie intake, and avoid malnutrition. An LPSF diet is an effective and simple therapy for patients with stage 3-4 CKD.Trial registrationThe research protocol has been registered in the website of Chinese Clinical Trials Register with the reference number ChiCTR 2000030112.
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head, Osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis by Integrated Microarray Analysis
Authors: zhao gang , liu yujie , li zhongli , li chunbao
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOsteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH), osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are common diseases of hip joint, which will damage the joint to varying degrees, and will affect the mobility and quality of life of patients in severe cases. A better understanding of the expression of articular cartilage degeneration genes seems to be very important for further understanding the molecular mechanism of the joint action of the three diseases.Objectivethe purpose of this study was to explore the pathogenesis of cartilage injury in three diseases by analyzing the data sets of multiple gene expression groups and synthesizing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ONFH, OA and RA.Methodsthe gene expression datasets of ONFH, OA and RA were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. Through the comprehensive analysis of multiple gene expression data sets, the common differentially expressed genes and specific DEGs in these diseases were found. Gene ontology (GO) analysis, KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction analysis were used to investigate the functions of the altered proteins and biological pathways.ResultsA total of 59 common differentially expressed genes were obtained by GSE74089 and GSE55235 data sets, including 44 up-regulated genes and 15 down-regulated genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs concentrated on extracellular structure organization, extracellular matrix organization, fibrillar collagen trimer, platelet-derived growth factor binding, Relaxin signaling pathway, Protein digestion and absorption. Some hub genes with high interactions such as COL1A2, MMP1, VEGFC, SPP1, etc. Independent GEO dataset verification results show that these genes are consistent with the experimental results.ConclusionIn this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify the common differential genes of ONFH, OA and RA, and to analyze the occurrence and development of cartilage degeneration or osteogenic diseases induced by them. To provide molecular basis for follow-up experiments and clinical efficacy.
A Prospective Clinico-Epidemiological Evaluation and Management of Hump Nosed Pit Vipers (Hypnale Hypnale) Bite Envenoming in Dogs
Authors: Adhikari Ranjith , Silva Niranjala , Dangolla Ashoka , Suriyagoda Lalith , Premarathna Amal D , Tuvikene Rando , Mallawa Chandima , Silva Indira , Gawarammana Indika
Published: October 2021

Human envenoming from the bite of the abundant hump nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) (HNPV) is a frequent occurrence with victims experiencing unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Regrettably, our therapeutic armamentarium remains limited. Further, clinico-pathology, treatment and management measures in HNPV envenomed dogs are under recognized. Prospective investigations were performed to assess the clilinico-pathology and management options for HNPV envenomed dogs brought to the University of Peradeniya’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January, 2012 to March 2018. We recorded the local and systemic clinical manifestations, hematological and urinary abnormalities of 78 dogs in which HNPV bite had been witnessed by the owner. Mild swelling, extensive swelling, hemorrhagic blistering and hemorrhagic bullae at the site of bite were observed in 59%, 31%, 6% and 4% of the dogs, respectively. Some dogs were subjected to surgical excision of necrotized tissue including limb amputation. We observed the following systemic clinical effects in envenomed dogs: neurotoxicity (13%), acute kidney injuries (AKI) (14%) and coagulopathy (16%). All dogs showed leukocytosis with mean white blood cell count of 25.25×103/µL. Mild anemia and thrombocytopenia were detected in 29% of the dogs. There was a significant correlation between extent of local tissue injuries with length of hospitalization (LH). The mean time of coagulopathy observed was 21.3 hours (IQR: 8-48 hours). In coagulopathic dogs, there was a strong correlation between LH and extent of local tissue injury (rs = 0.7751, P < 0.0001); LH and clotting time (rs = 1.0, P < 0.0001); PT and aPTT (rs = 0.4712, P < 0.001). LH was significantly correlated with the development of AKI (p=0.0013). Lack of specific AVS for HNPV envenoming provided an opportunity to study the remaining treatment options. Therefore, the study allowed the identification of local and systemic effects, hematological abnormalities, possible auxiliary treatments and drawbacks of management measures for envenomed dogs.
Value of Biomarkers in Liver Cancer EMT model under different interventions：A meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Jing , Zou Shuli , Xie Bei , Tian Ye , Peng Zhiheng , Liu Zhuan , Ma Bin , Li Linjing
Published: October 2021

Background

There are various interventions to establish the Liver cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) models. However, the ideal biomarkers for unique model are not well established. Further studies are necessary to evaluation of effective EMT biomarkers under different interventions in vitro studies. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of different biomarkers in HepG2 cells during EMT under multiple interventions.
Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), Wan Fang Data, and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to June 14, 2020 by two independent reviewers.
Results

A total of 58 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our study showed that E-cadherin responds well to the intervention of medication, genetic intervention, gene knockout/knockdown, hypoxia, and other tumor microenvironments, as well as non-coding RNA (ncRNA) overexpression and silencing. N-cadherin can effectively evaluate the intervention effect of medication, genetic intervention, hypoxia and other tumor microenvironments, as well as ncRNA overexpression. Vimentin reflects the effects of medication, pro-EMT genetic intervention and gene knockout/knockdown, anti-EMT ncRNA overexpression and anti-EMT ncRNA silencing and hypoxia. Snail only responds to the intervention of anti-EMT genetic intervention and gene knockout/knockdown, tumor microenvironments other than hypoxia, anti-EMT ncRNA overexpression and ncRNA silencing.
Conclusions

Our results shows that some medicine, some gene, microenvironment and some ncRNA can effectively induce/inhibit EMT process. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail are effective biomarkers during this process. They respond differently to different intervention. Therefore, different biomarkers should be chosen under different intervention based on their performance.
Epitaxial Growth and Optical Properties of Laser Deposited CdS Thin Films
Authors: Al-shamiri Hamdan Ali Sultan Ali Sultan , Gadalla Atef S. , Khalil Huda F. , Nahas Mahmoud M. El , Khedr Mohamed A.
Published: October 2021

Cadmium Sulfide (Cds) thin films were synthesized on quartz substrates using infrared pulsed laser deposition (IR-PLD) technique under high vacuum (~ 10− 6 Torr). X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the structural features. According to X-ray analysis the deposited CdS films are crystalline and have a favored orientation on a plane (110) of an orthorhombic system and the peak intensity and the average crystallite size increases with increasing the film thickness. After annealing at 300oC the orthorhombic phase transformed into predominant hexagonal phase and the same result was obtained by SEM photographs. Spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance of the Cds films were used to derive optical constants (n, k and absorption coefficient α). The optical band gap energy was found to be 2.44 eV. The plasma plume formation and expansion during the film deposition have been discussed. The photocurrent response as a function of the incident photon energy E (eV) at different bias voltages for different samples of thicknesses (85, 180, 220 and 340 nm) have been studied, indicating that the photocurrent increases by increasing both the film thickness and photon energy with a peak in the vicinity of the band edge. Thus, the prepared Cds films are promising for application in optoelectronic field.
Subsurface Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Losses Offset Surface Carbon Accumulation in Abandoned Agricultural Fields
Authors: Yang Yi , Knops Johannes M. H.
Published: October 2021

Abandoned agricultural fields (old fields) are thought to accumulate soil organic matter (SOM) after cultivation cessation. However, most research on old fields soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration has focused on the surface (10 to 20 cm) and overlooked their dynamics below 20 cm. This study aimed to quantify C and N stock change in both surface and subsurface soil in old fields and examine the mechanisms underlying the observed dynamics. We conducted 13-year long-term surveys of 21 old fields at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CCESR), Minnesota, and measured inputs and outputs of organic matter at different depths, including above- and belowground biomass, SOM decomposition, and dissolved organic C (DOC). Soil C and N accumulated by 30.5 ± 6.5 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ and 2.41 ± 0.49 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹ in the surface (0–20 cm) yet decreased by 64.6 ± 12.5 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ and 6.83 ± 1.34 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹ in the subsurface (20–100 cm). The C and N losses in the subsurface soil were correlated with low deep root biomass, the majority of roots are located in the top 20 cm soil. Such root distribution can be attributed to the continuing dominance of nonnative and shallow-rooted C3 grasses and the lack of legumes after abandonment. This study showed current old field biogeochemistry and vegetation composition are fundamentally different from the pre-settlement grasslands, indicating the agricultural abandonment has long legacy effects on subsurface soil C and N.
Study of Anterior Capsular Contraction Following Cataract Surgery With Frequently Used Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Zhou Yongmou , Ding Yinghui , Huang Yan , Hou Ping
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) was compared in this study with cataract patients whose eyes were implanted with one of two types of acrylic lenses frequently used.Methods: The study included 1305 eyes of 1278 patients.All of them phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation were successfully performed. Each patient was operated on by the same surgeon，Two types of IOLs were implantation during cataract surgery: Tecnis ZCB00 [Johnson & Johnson Vision] (IOL A), the Akreos AO [Bausch & Lomb]) (IOL B).Patients with intraoperative capsular tears and follow-up survey less than 1 month were excluded. In these cases, we recorded the duration of postoperative follow-up, the presence of ACCS, along with the dimensions of the anterior capsule opening. A comparison of ACCS incidence was compared between the two lenses.Results: Although the ZCB00 group had more patients with ACCS risk factors (P, 0.009), the ZCB00 group had a significantly lower incidence of ACCS than the Akreos AO group (P=0.032). Conclusion: Compared with the Akreos AO (IOL B), the ZCB00 (IOL A) showed better anterior capsular stability and a lower incidence of ACCS.
Genome-Wide Identification of The NHXs in Rosa Multiflora Reveals a Key Role of RmNHX2 in Salt Tolerance
Authors: Ping Luo , Shen Yuxiao , Chen Linmei , Chen Wen , Cui Yongyi
Published: October 2021

High salinity restricts plant growth and geographic distribution. Plant intracellular Na+/H+ (NHX) antiporters have critical roles in plant development and stress response. However, the molecular functions of RmNHXs in Rosa multiflora remain obscure. In this study, we identified 11 putative RmNHXs in Rosa multiflora according to the genome-wide analysis. The RmNHX genes were classified into 3 classes. Most of the RmNHX genes were responsive to salt stress, with the greatest up-regulation being observed in RmNHX2. RmNHX2 was localized at the tonoplast. RmNHX2 overexpression resulted in the enhanced salt tolerance in tobacco, whereas virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of RmNHX2 in R.multiflora increasedsalt susceptibility. Under salt treatment, the transgenic tobacco plants achieved less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and higher activities of enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT)), which complied with the up-regulated expressions of antioxidant genes. In addition, RmNHX2-overexpression lines had a lower level of Na+, a higher level of K+, as well as a lower Na/K ratio. In contrast to the mentioned, VIGS of RmNHX2 in R.multiflora exhibited the opposite phenotype, accompanied by compromised salt tolerance. RmNHX2 enhances plant salt tolerance by maintaining proper ion homeostasis, as well as by accelerating ROS scavenging. For this reason, RmNHX2 has great potential to be employed for the engineering of ornamental plants in terms of enhanced salt tolerance subsequently.