bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis of fish gut microbiota is associated with helminths parasitism rather than exposure to PAHs at environmentally relevant concentrations
Authors: Colin Yannick , Molbert Noëlie , Berthe Thierry , Agostini Simon , Alliot Fabrice , Decencière Beatriz , Millot Alexis , Goutte Aurélie , Petit Fabienne
Published: June 2022

Although parasite infection and pollution are common threats facing wild populations, the response of the gut microbiota to the joint impact of these stressors remains largely understudied. Here, we experimentally investigated the effects of exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and infection by a common acanthocephalan intestinal parasite (Pomphorhynchus sp.) on the gut microbial flora of a freshwater fish, the European chub (Squalius cephalus). Naturally infected or uninfected individuals were exposed to PAHs at environmentally realistic concentrations over a five-week period. Characterization of the gut bacterial community through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that parasitic infection was a more structuring factor of bacterial diversity and composition than PAH exposure. Specifically, chub infected by Pomphorhynchus sp. harbored significantly less evenly represented gut bacterial communities than the uninfected ones. In addition, substantial changes in sequence abundance were observed within the main bacterial phyla, including the Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria. Again, these compositional changes correlated with host infection with Pomphorhynchus sp., confirming its pivotal role in gut microbial assemblage. Overall, these results highlight the importance of defining the parasitic status of individuals when conducting microbial ecotoxicological analyses at the digestive tract level, as this should lead to better understanding of microbiota modulations and help to identify microbial markers specifically associated with chemicals.
Comparative effectiveness of low-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy in favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Tsumura Hideyasu , Tanaka Nobumichi , Oguchi Tomohiko , Owari Takuya , Nakai Yasushi , Asakawa Isao , Iijima Kazuyoshi , Kato Haruaki , Hashida Iwao , Tabata Ken-ichi , Satoh Takefumi , Ishiyama Hiromichi
Published: June 2022

We compared clinical outcomes associated with seed brachytherapy (SEED-BT) alone and SEED-BT plus external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer using propensity score-matched analysis. From 2006 to 2011, 993 patients diagnosed with intermediate-risk were treated with either SEED-BT alone (n = 775) or SEED-BT plus EBRT (n = 158) at 3 tertiary hospitals. In the propensity score-matched analysis (102 pairs), median follow-up was 95 months (range 18–153 months). The 8-year biochemical recurrence-free rate (bRFR) was significantly better with SEED-BT alone than with combined radiotherapy (93.3% vs. 88.4%; HR 0.396; 95% CI 0.158–0.991). Grade 2 or greater late genitourinary toxicities were significantly fewer with SEED-BT alone than with combined radiotherapy (21.0% vs. 33.2%; HR 0.521; 95% CI 0.308–0.881). Similarly, grade 2 or greater late gastrointestinal toxicities were significantly fewer with SEED-BT alone (0% vs. 12.2%; HR 0.125; 95% CI 0.040–0.390). For the unfavorable intermediate-risk subgroups, SEED-BT alone yielded a significantly better bRFR than the combined radiotherapy (HR 0.325; 95% CI 0.115–0.915). SEED-BT alone might be a better disease-management plan than SEED-BT plus EBRT for intermediate-risk prostate cancer regardless of favorable and unfavorable characteristics.
Mito-nuclear coevolution and phylogenetic artifacts: the case of bivalve mollusks
Authors: Formaggioni Alessandro , Plazzi Federico , Passamonti Marco
Published: June 2022

Mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordance in Bivalvia is well known. In particular, the monophyly of Amarsipobranchia (Heterodonta + Pteriomorphia), retrieved from mitochondrial markers, contrasts with the monophyly of Heteroconchia (Heterodonta + Palaeoheterodonta), retrieved from nuclear markers. However, since oxidative phosphorylation nuclear markers support the Amarsipobranchia hypothesis instead of the Heteroconchia one, interacting subunits of the mitochondrial complexes ought to share the same phylogenetic signal notwithstanding the genomic source, which is different from the signal obtained from other nuclear markers. This may be a clue of coevolution between nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In this work we inferred the phylogenetic signal from mitochondrial and nuclear oxidative phosphorylation markers exploiting different phylogenetic approaches and added two more datasets for comparison: genes of the glycolytic pathway and genes related to the biogenesis of regulative small noncoding RNAs. All trees inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear subunits of the mitochondrial complexes support the monophyly of Amarsipobranchia, regardless of the phylogenetic pipeline. However, not every single marker agrees with this topology: this is clearly visible in nuclear subunits that do not directly interact with the mitochondrial counterparts. Overall, our data support the hypothesis of a coevolution between nuclear and mitochondrial genes for the oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, we suggest a relationship between mitochondrial topology and different nucleotide composition between clades, which could be associated to the highly variable gene arrangement in Bivalvia.
Comparison of angiographic outcomes and complication rates of WEB embolization and coiling for treatment of unruptured basilar tip aneurysms
Authors: Celik Erkan , Ozpeynirci Yigit , Liebig Thomas , Schlamann Marc , Dorn Franziska , Lehnen Nils , Siebert Eberhard , Goertz Lukas , Kabbasch Christoph
Published: June 2022

Endovascular coiling represents the standard treatment for basilar tip aneurysms. Some of these aneurysms are not amenable to conventional coiling due to a complex aneurysm geometry, hence, novel devices such as the Woven Endobridge (WEB) have been developed. We retrospectively compared WEB embolization and coiling for the treatment of unruptured basilar tip aneurysms. Patients treated with WEB or coiling at four centers were reviewed. Procedure-related complications, clinical outcome and angiographic results were retrospectively evaluated and compared. Forty patients treated with the WEB and 35 patients treated by coiling were included. Stent-assistance was more often necessary for coiling than for WEB embolization (71% vs 2.5%, p < 0.001). The technical success rates were 100% for both methods. The overall complication rates were not significantly different between groups (WEB: 5%, coil: 11%, p = 0.409). Procedural morbidity rates were 9% in the coiling group and 2.5% in the WEB group (p = 0.334). There was no mortality. Treatment duration was shorter for WEB implantation than for coiling (p = 0.048). At mid-term follow-up, complete occlusion, neck remnants and aneurysm remnants were observed in 89%, 4% and 7% for the WEB, respectively, and in 100%, 0% and 0% for coiling. While complication rates and mid-term angiographic outcome was comparable between the groups, the WEB was associated with a shorter treatment duration and required stent-assistance less frequently. The choice of the treatment modality should be made based on the specific aneurysm characteristics, the individual experience of the neurointerventionalist and patient preference.
Radiative flow of viscous nano-fluid over permeable stretched swirling disk with generalized slip
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Rasool Mudassar , Mehmood Ahmer
Published: June 2022

In present years, the study of nanofluids has emerged as a hot topic among the researchers, because the nanoparticle contained in the fluids significantly enhances the heat transfer properties of the fluids. Particularly, rotating ows are of vital importance due to their wide range of scientific, engineering applications, such as jet engines, pumps and vacuum cleaners, as well as geophysical ows. In this study water based nanofluid over radially stretchable rotating disk in the presence of radiation heat transfer is considered. The surface of the stretchable rotating disk surface allows the impact of continuous suction and admits the generalized slip. The Tiwari and Das model is used to describe the nanouid behavior (Tiwari and Das in Int J Heat Mass Transf 50(9–10):2002–2018, 2007). Three types of nanoparticles: Copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide $$(TiO_2)$$

(
T
i

O
2

)

are taken into account. By choosing an appropriate set of similarity transformations, the boundary layer momentum equations and energy equation are transformed to set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The impact of emerging quantities like, nanoparticle concentration $$\phi $$
ϕ
, suction parameter $$w_{\circ }$$

w
∘

, slip parameters $$\zeta $$
ζ
, critical shear stress parameter $$\beta $$
β
, and radiation parameter $$N_{rd}$$

N

rd

, are illustrated through several graphs and tables. The Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are also calculated to analyze the heat transfer process.
Superhydrophobic magnetic sorbent via surface modification of banded iron formation for oily water treatment
Authors: Farahat Mohsen , Sobhy Ahmed , Sanad Moustafa M. S.
Published: June 2022

In the current study, a simple dry coating method was utilized to fabricate a super-hydrophobic super-magnetic powder (ZS@BIF) for oily water purification using zinc stearate (ZS) and banded iron formation (BIF). The produced composite was fully characterized as a magnetic sorbent for oily water treatment. The results of X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and particle size analysis revealed the fabrication of homogenous hydrophobic-magnetic composite particles with core–shell structure. Contact angle and magnetic susceptibility results showed that 4 (BIF): 1 (Zs) was the ideal coverage ratio to render the core material superhydrophobic and preserve its ferromagnetic nature. The capability of the fabricated composite to sorb. n-butyl acetate, kerosene, and cyclohexane from oil–water system was evaluated. ZS@BIF composite showed a higher affinity to adsorb cyclohexane than n-butyl acetate and kerosene with a maximum adsorption capacity of about 22 g g−1 and 99.9% removal efficiency. Moreover, about 95% of the adsorbed oils could be successfully recovered (desorbed) by rotary evaporator and the regenerated ZS@BIF composite showed high recyclability over ten repeated cycles.
Human placental extract activates a wide array of gene expressions related to skin functions
Authors: Chang Phooi-Yee , Chin Lit-Chein , Kimura Koichi , Nakahata Yasukazu
Published: June 2022

As skin aging is one of the most common dermatological concerns in recent years, scientific research has promoted treatment strategies aimed at preventing or reversing skin aging. Breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen and elastin fibers, in the skin results in decreased skin elasticity and tension. Cutaneous cells, especially fibroblasts in the dermis layer of the skin, mainly produce ECM proteins. Although clinical studies have demonstrated that placental extract (PE) has positive effects on skin health, the molecular mechanisms by which PE acts against skin aging are still largely unknown. In this study, we performed RNA-sequence analysis to investigate whether human PE (HPE) alters ECM-related gene expression in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. Gene ontology analysis showed that genes related to extracellular matrix/structure organization, such as COL1A1, COL5A3, ELN, and HAS2 were highly enriched, and most of these genes were upregulated. We further confirmed that the HPE increased the type I collagen, proteoglycan versican, elastin, and hyaluronan levels in NHDF cells. Our results demonstrate that HPE activates global ECM-related gene expression in NHDF cells, which accounts for the clinical evidence that the HPE affects skin aging.
Colloidal lithography as a novel approach for the development of Ni-nanocavity insulin sensor
Authors: Šišoláková Ivana , Petruš Ondrej , Shepa Jana , Farka Zdeněk , Oriňak Andrej , Oriňaková Renáta
Published: June 2022

In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, and selective enzyme-free electrochemical sensor based on the deposition of Ni cavities on conductive glass was proposed for insulin detection. Considering the growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, an electrochemical sensor for the determination of insulin was proposed for the effective diagnosis of the disease. Colloidal lithography enabled deposition of nanostructured layer (substrate) with homogeneous distribution of Ni cavities on the electrode surface with a large active surface area. The morphology and structure of conductive indium tin oxide glass modified with Ni cavities (Ni-c-ITO) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The diameter of the resulting cavities was approximately 500 nm, while their depth was calculated at 190 ± 4 nm and 188 ± 18 nm using AFM and SEM, respectively. The insulin assay performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Ni-c-ITO exhibited excellent analytical characteristics, including high sensitivity (1.032 µA µmol−1 dm3), a low detection limit (156 µmol dm−3), and a wide dynamic range (500 nmol dm−3 to 10 µmol dm−3). Finally, the determination of insulin in buffer with interferents and in real blood serum samples revealed high specificity and demonstrated the practical potential of the method.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of long noncoding RNAs during peach (Prunus persica) fruit development and ripening
Authors: Zhou Hui , Ren Fei , Wang Xiao , Qiu Keli , Sheng Yu , Xie Qingmei , Shi Pei , Zhang Jinyun , Pan Haifa
Published: June 2022

LncRNAs represent a class of RNA transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides (nt) in length without discernible protein-coding potential. The expression levels of lncRNAs are significantly affected by stress or developmental cues. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs participate in fruit development and ripening processes in tomato and strawberry; however, in other fleshy fruits, the association between lncRNAs and fruit ripening remains largely elusive. Here, we constructed 9 ssRNA-Seq libraries from three different peach (Prunus persica) fruit developmental stages comprising the first and second exponential stages and the fruit-ripening stage. In total, 1500 confident lncRNAs from 887 loci were obtained according to the bioinformatics analysis. The lncRNAs identified in peach fruits showed distinct characteristics compared with protein-coding mRNAs, including lower expression levels, lower complexity of alternative splicing, shorter isoforms and smaller numbers of exons. Expression analysis identified 575 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) classified into 6 clusters, among which members of Clusters 1, 2, 4 and 5 were putatively associated with fruit development and ripening processes. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the DELs indeed had stage-specific expression patterns in peach fruits. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DELs might be associated with fruit-ripening-related physiological and metabolic changes, such as flavonoid biosynthesis, fruit texture softening, chlorophyll breakdown and aroma compound accumulation. Finally, the similarity analysis of lncRNAs within different plant species indicated the low sequence conservation of lncRNAs. Our study reports a large number of fruit-expressed lncRNAs and identifies fruit development phase-specific expressed lncRNA members, which highlights their potential functions in fruit development and ripening processes and lays the foundations for future functional research.
Tanshinone IIA protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury through the protective effect of the blood–brain barrier and the suppression of oxidant stress and inflammatory response
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Wei-Mei , Han Hao , Zhang Yu , Liu Jin-Ling , Yu Jia-Ying , Liu Hui-Min , Liu Xing-Tong , Shan Hu , Wu Shuai-Cheng
Published: June 2022

Tanshinone IIA protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury through the protective effect of blood-brain barrier and the suppression of oxidant stress and inflammatory response.
Development of tumor-targeting aza-vesamicol derivatives with high affinity for sigma receptors for cancer theranostics
Authors: Mishiro Kenji , Wang Mengfei , Hirata Saki , Fuchigami Takeshi , Shiba Kazuhiro , Kinuya Seigo , Ogawa Kazuma
Published: June 2022

[125I]15 and [125I]17 exhibited high uptake in the tumor and low uptake in non-target tissues, indicating that [123/131I]15 and [123/131I]17 are promising compounds to be used as imaging and therapeutic probes for sigma receptor-positive tumors.
Fabrication of three-dimensional WO3 nanotube bundles on carbon cloth as a binder-free electrode for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Li Jin , Luo Jie , Yan Shuo
Published: June 2022

The WO3 nanotube bundles are fabricated on carbon cloth, exhibiting high specific capacitance, low charge transfer resistance, and excellent stability.
Electronic structure and interface contact of two-dimensional van der Waals boron phosphide/Ga2SSe heterostructures
Authors: Do Hoang-Thinh , Vu Tuan V. , Lavrentyev A. A. , Cuong Nguyen Q. , Cuong Pham V. , Tong Hien D.
Published: June 2022

In this work, we systematically examine the electronic features and contact types of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) combining single-layer boron phosphide (BP) and Janus Ga2SSe using first-principles calculations.
Preparation and defect structure analysis of near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate wafers
Authors: Xiao Xuefeng , Xu Qingyan , Liang Shuaijie , Zhang Huan , Ma Lingling , Hai Lian , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: June 2022

A vapour transfer equilibrium (VTE) method has been used to prepare near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate (NSLT) crystals with different Li contents.
Procedure for determining the remaining time to initiation of chloride induced reinforcement corrosion for existing concrete structures
Authors: Polder Rob B. , Boutz Michel , Ottelé Marc
Published: June 2022

For efficient asset management of reinforced concrete infrastructure, owners want to know when to expect corrosion in structures. At present, no widely accepted procedures for testing of existing structures for the remaining time to corrosion initiation are available. This paper describes such a procedure, based on the authors’ long-time experience. From about 20 years age, the concrete contains its mature response to actual environmental loads, e.g. chloride ingress. By measuring the mean and standard deviation of the actual cover depth, taking chloride profiles, assuming a few parameters and a simple, pragmatic model, the expected time to corrosion initiation for a particular test area can be predicted. Required numbers of cores and samples per core are given. Uncertainties are taken into account by subtracting a safety margin from the measured concrete cover depth. Results of six cores per test area are classified and interpretations are given. Because of large variability, the results are classified in three ranges of time to corrosion initiation: five years or less, five to fifteen years, or more than 15 years. The procedure has been approved by the relevant national Standards committees and was issued as a CUR Recommendation in 2018. It is illustrated based on a field case and the obtained results are discussed.
A review of developments in cathodic protection systems for reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Brueckner Rene , Cobbs Ryan , Atkins Chris
Published: June 2022

Cathodic protection is a corrosion management strategy for deteriorating reinforced concrete structures or it can be used as preventative measure in situations where corrosion may be expected during the service life as a result of the environmental exposure conditions. The technology has advanced over time. There are now a number of different systems that can conveniently be considered in three categories, including impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP), hybrid cathodic protection (HCP), and galvanic cathodic protection (GCP). Asset owners need to choose which option to use possibly without understanding the different sustainability, environmental, health and safety, construction, technical, operational, and monitoring aspects. Generally, it is agreed among corrosion engineers that ICCP is the most powerful and robust solution for corrosion management in structures with widespread deterioration. HCP and GCP can also be viable options, even in the most aggressive environments with future maintenance intervention. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed in detail. This paper also explains why the commonly accepted life expectancy of ICCP systems is 50 to 75 years compared to HCP and GCP, which are typically limited to 15-30 years. The details of the likely maintenance requirements, associated timescales, and whole-life costs for a 100-year design life are analysed with references to sustainability. That includes a discussion about the corrosion management system that presents the lowest embodied carbon option for different environments.
Long term performance of reference electrodes for cathodic protection of steel in concrete
Authors: van den Hondel Anthony W. M. , Polder Rob B.
Published: June 2022

This paper will report on long term behaviour of potential sensors used in cathodic protection of steel reinforcement in concrete. Cathodic protection (CP) systems, both impressed current CP (ICCP) and galvanic CP (GCP), need regular testing to establish the quality of protection. In addition, ICCP may require adjustment of output voltage or current. Various types of potential sensors have been used in relatively large numbers, comprised of true reference electrodes (RE) based on silver/silver chloride or Mn/MnO2 and decay probes (DP) based on a.o. activated titanium. Failures may occur due to loss of contact, drying out or cable defects. Test methods for potential sensors are discussed. Monitoring of about one hundred CP systems with several thousands of potential sensors over more than ten years allows to analyse their performance and failures. It appears that limited numbers of potential sensors fail over time, but in some cases an insufficient number of working potential sensors are left to properly monitor a CP system or zone. It is recommended to install more potential sensors than strictly needed in order to allow for failures and to maintain testability and save the high cost of installing new potential sensors later.
Upgrading structure existing components using multiple UHPC-class materials
Authors: Mikutaite Vita , Donchev Ted , Petkova Diana , Haroglu Hasan
Published: June 2022

Durability and mechanical properties of UHPC help to develop solutions to upgrade structures. Cementitious UHPC concrete has a minimum specified compressive strength (120-150 MPa), superior resistance to compression, ductility, eco-efficiency and insulation. It is usually used with fibres included to achieve the specified requirements of the mixture. Sprayable UHPC types for inclined applications and leave leave-in-place form solutions have been developed and are used for repair and strengthening purposes.

A combination of UHPC and post tensioning is used to create an optimal reinforcement solution. UHPC represented an innovation in post-tensioning for the first time in the United Kingdom, creating a possibility to cast anchoring blocks that are compact, aesthetically pleasing and safer to install. Prefabricated anchors for the bridge exterior and anchors poured on site for the bridge interior were used.

UHPC-steel composite deck is an effective solution to improve a steel bridge’s strength and stiffness. Studies of overlays in bridge decks showed that UHPC substrates exhibit a higher bond strength than normal strength concrete (NSC) and further analysis of techniques for bonding surfaces with UHPC.

Future tendencies about structure improvements using UHPC and GFRP are reviewed.
Suitability of subsequently installed vibrating wire sensors for direct stress measurement in concrete and mortar
Authors: Ullmann Stefan , Lowke Dirk
Published: June 2022

Over the past decades, a major part of the building infrastructure has aged and is now in need of repair. In order to ease the repair backlog and to be able to distinguish between urgent and long-term repair needs, it is advisable to install a monitoring system to the structure. This monitoring is, among others, often based on periodical strain or deformation measurements, as they provide a direct indication of the effect of external loads on the structure (crack opening or heavy deformations). Still, most of the available monitoring systems cannot be installed subsequently or they are limited to measurements on the surface. For monitoring the structural behaviour inside specific components, the use of a sensor system based on the vibrating wire measuring principle appears promising. This sensor system has proven itself in geotechnical engineering. However, there is no profound experience of using this system in concrete structures. Therefore, the aim of the work presented in this paper was to investigate the suitability of these sensors for stress measurement in concrete and mortar. We will furthermore give an outlook on a possible application for monitoring reinforced concrete structures.
Practical cases in the application of the pullout method (LOK-TEST and CAPO-TEST) for in-place compressive strength
Authors: Petersen Claus Germann
Published: June 2022

The pullout methods LOK- TEST and CAPO-TEST for in-place compressive strength are presented with their theoretical analysis’ background and correlations from 30 major studies, made worldwide, showing robust general correlations between pullout force and strength by cylinders or cubes/ cores. The coefficient of variation of the systems are shown, reported in 1984. Practical cases using the systems are described: Case 1. In-Situ compressive strength testing of quarantined precast concrete tunnel lining segments using CAPO-TEST, UK; Case 2. Strength testing with CAPO-TEST on old bridges for further loading, Poland; Case 3. Safe and early form stripping with LOK-TEST, Canada; Case 4. Curing of the cover layer evaluated by pullout and bulk resistivity, Denmark.
ERBB2-positives Mammakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: June 2022

In der TRAIN-2-Studie erhielten Frauen mit einem ERBB2-positiven Mammakarzinom im Stadium II/III eine neoadjuvante Chemotherapie mit/ohne Anthrazykline sowie eine konkurrierende, zweifache ERBB2-Blockade. Die Auswertung nach median 48,8 Monaten bestätigt die Primäranalyse: Die 3-Jahres-Überlebensraten waren mit 97,7 % und 98,2 % vergleichbar. Relevante unerwünschte Ereignisse kamen in der Anthrazyklin-Gruppe deutlich häufiger vor.
Plasmodium vivax – eine langfristige Parasitose?
Authors: Rieke Burkhard
Published: June 2022

Die Liste der Malariaerreger, die den Menschen befallen können, umfasst nach klassischer Lehre Plasmodium (Pl.) falciparum, Pl. vivax, Pl. ovale und Pl. malariae; seit einigen Jahren ist Pl. knowlesi hinzugetreten. Von besonderem Interesse ist wegen der gravierenden klinischen Konsequenzen vor allem die Malaria tropica durch Pl. falciparum. Gegen diese richtet sich in der Reisemedizin auch die medikamentöse Malariaprophylaxe. Die anderen Parasiten gelten als selten und zumeist beherrschbar. Die WHO etwa vereinfacht im Weltmalariabericht 2021 {1] die Situation so sehr, dass sie überhaupt nur von „allen Malariafällen“ und einem Prozentsatz durch Pl. vivax spricht. Dieser Prozentsatz ist demnach von rund 8 % vor 20 Jahren auf nur noch 1,9 % im Jahr 2020 zurückgegangen. „Fälle“ impliziert dabei Erkrankte, die eine nachweisbare Parasitämie haben. Behandlungsziel ist dann die Entfernung der im Blut zirkulierenden Parasiten.
Ein Weg, der sich lohnt – Berufsidentität mit Betätigung im Kern entwickeln
Authors: Mohr Sara , Trickes Claudia
Published: June 2022

Ergotherapeut*innen mit einer positiven Berufsidentität sind zufriedener mit ihrer Arbeit, verbleiben länger im Beruf und gehen souveräner mit Schwierigkeiten im Berufsalltag um. Dieser Beitrag von Claudia Trickes und Sara Mohr zeigt, wie Sie den Weg zur modernen Ergotherapie inklusive Evidenzbasierung, Klientenzentrierung und Betätigungsorientierung meistern können.
Von der Idee bis zum Buch – Assessments in der Ergotherapie
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: June 2022

Während es im englischsprachigen und niederländischen Raum regelmäßig Publikationen zu Assessments in der Ergotherapie gibt, mangelt es in Deutschland bislang an entsprechenden Veröffentlichungen. Helen Strebel, Claudia Merklein de Freitas und Florence Kranz haben diese Chance ergriffen und gemeinsam mit einem 15-köpfigen Autor*innenteam ein Fachbuch über Assessments herausgegeben. Dieser Beitrag gibt Einblicke in ihre Erfahrungen sowie in wesentliche Inhalte des Buches.
Patients with Somatic and Comorbid Mental Disorders have Similar
Psychological Capacity Impairment Profiles like Patients with Mental
Disorders
Authors: Muschalla Beate , Jöbges Michael
Published: June 2022

Objectives In patients with somatic illness and additional mental
disorder, not only motor or sensory functions may be impaired, but also
psychological capacities. These become more and more important for work ability
in our modern working world. There are presently no data about the type and
distribution of psychological capacity impairments in patients with comorbid
somatic and mental disorders. These data are however important for estimation of
diagnostic and therapy requirements.

Methods 402 orthopedic, cardiological, and neurological patients with
additional mental disorders were investigated with a structured clinical
assessment for mental disorders (MINI) and psychological capacity impairments
(Mini-ICF-APP).

Results In all three somatic indications at least half of the comorbid
patients had any clinically relevant psychological capacity impairment.
Neurological patients (67%) and orthopedic patients (72%) were
more often affected than cardiological patients (50.5%). Orthopedic
patients are slightly more impaired in self-care; neurological and orthopedic
patients are more impaired in mobility; and cardiological patients are less
impaired in assertiveness.

Conclusion In comparison of all three somatic patient groups with mental
disorders the number of psychological capacity impairments is similar. In
contrast to patients with mental disorders only (i. e. those without
somatic comorbidity), the psychological impairment quality in comorbid patients
may be influenced by the somatic illness. The data from this study are important
in order to estimate diagnostic and therapeutic needs, such as capacity training
or compensation of psychological capacity impairments.
Malignes Melanom
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: June 2022

Auf der Jahrestagung der American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) wurden verschiedene Strategien bei Anti-PD-1-therapierefraktären Patienten mit malignem Melanom vorgestellt. Die Daten einer einarmigen Phase-II-Studie SPOTLIGHT-203 mit 42 Studienteilnehmern (57 % Männer, Alter: median 66 Jahre [27–88]) weisen auf die Wirksamkeit einer intratumoralen Injektion der immunogen wirksamen Forschungssubstanz BO-112 zusätzlich zur Therapie mit Pembrolizumab hin.
CAR-T-Zelltherapie bei malignen Erkrankungen
Authors: Kolac Corinna
Published: June 2022

Die CAR-T-Zell-Therapie war in diesem Jahr Kernthema des Workshops der Paul-Martini-Stiftung. Seit 3 Jahren steht in Deutschland die Therapie mit zugelassenen chimären Antigenrezeptor (CAR)-T-Zellen bei Lymphomen, Leukämien und Myelomen zur Verfügung. Insgesamt 5 Produkte geben ab der 3. Therapielinie Hoffnung. Auch für solide Tumoren gibt es inzwischen vielversprechende Kandidaten für eine CAR-T-Zell-Therapie. Allerdings erfordert diese Wirkstoffgruppe das Management von zum Teil nicht unerheblichen Nebenwirkungen. Diesen widmet sich die Forschung nun.
EBMT-Jahrestreffen 2022
Authors: Kolac Corinna
Published: June 2022

Nur wenige Gebiete der Medizin haben in den letzten Jahren so viele Innovationen erfahren wie die Hämato-Onkologie. Grund hierfür sind Erfolge der gezielten zellulären Immuntherapie mit genetisch modifizierten Lymphozyten, wie den T-Zellen, nach Transduktion mit chimären Antigenrezeptor-T-Zellen (CAR-T). Das Jahrestreffen der European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) beleuchtete aktuelle Trends.
ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium 2022
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: June 2022

Auf dem ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO GU) wurden neue Daten von Immuntherapien bei verschiedenen urologischen Indikationen und Settings gezeigt. So weisen die Ergebnisse einer 12-wöchigen neoadjuvanten Therapie mit Avelumab plus Axitinib in der einarmigen Phase-II-Studie NeoAvAx darauf hin, dass dadurch das Ergebnis einer Nephrektomie bei Hochrisiko-Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinom verbessert werden könnte.
Sexuelle Lebensqualität nach Mammakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: June 2022

Durch die verbesserte Diagnostik und Behandlung liegt das 5-Jahres-Überleben beim Mammakarzinom in Industrieländern inzwischen bei 90 %. Dadurch gewinnt die Lebensqualität der Überlebenden zunehmend an Bedeutung. In der prospektiven Studie CUPIDON-2 einer französischen Arbeitsgruppe zur sexuellen und allgemeinen Lebensqualität lag der Schwerpunkt auf jüngeren Frauen unter endokriner Therapie. 88,9 % der Befragten schlugen Gesprächsangebote als festen Versorgungsbestandteil vor. Bislang halfen sich die Frauen überwiegend selbst.
Rückblick auf Wöltingerode 2021 – erste
Ergebnisse der Online-Studie, Erfahrungen und Ausblicke
Authors: Blum Nicola
Published: June 2022

Wie wichtig der interkollegiale Austausch in Balintgruppen gerade in Krisenzeiten
ist, haben wir in den letzten zwei Jahren alle erlebt. Sowohl die Anforderungen,
Herausforderungen und Überforderungen im ärztlich-therapeutischen
Berufsalltag haben zugenommen als auch die psychosozialen Beratungssituationen in
allen Bereichen der Patient:innenversorgung.
Digitales Ergowissen – immer und überall – ergoLink
Authors: Majer Sina
Published: June 2022

Die digitale Wissensplattform ergoLink unterstützt angehende, lehrende und praktizierende Ergotherapeut*innen bei der Recherche nach relevantem Ergowissen. Einfach Suchbegriff eingeben und Antworten in Büchern, Zeitschriften, Videos oder E-Learning-Kursen finden – optimal für die Vorbereitung auf den Beruf und um im Arbeitsalltag evidenzbasiert und up to date zu sein.
Damselflies provide insights on tandem-wing aircraft
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: June 2022

Optimizing damselfly hindwing kinematics can improve the efficiency of similarly structured micro-aerial vehicles.
Fermi acceleration in rotating drums
Authors: Burdzy Krzysztof , Duarte Mauricio , Gauthier Carl-Erik , Graham C. Robin , San Martin Jaime
Published: June 2022

Consider hard balls in a bounded rotating drum. If there is no gravitation, then there is no Fermi acceleration, i.e., the energy of the balls remains bounded forever. If there is gravitation, Fermi acceleration may arise. A number of explicit formulas for the system without gravitation are given. Some of these are based on an explicit realization, which we derive, of the well-known microcanonical ensemble measure.
Bifurcation, chaos, multistability, and organized structures in a predator–prey model with vigilance
Authors: Hossain Mainul , Garai Shilpa , Jafari Sajad , Pal Nikhil
Published: June 2022

There is not a single species that does not strive for survival. Every species has crafted specialized techniques to avoid possible dangers that mostly come from the side of their predators. Survival instincts in nature led prey populations to develop many anti-predator strategies. Vigilance is a well-observed effective antipredator strategy that influences predator–prey dynamics significantly. We consider a simple discrete-time predator-prey model assuming that vigilance affects the predation rate and the growth rate of the prey. We investigate the system dynamics by constructing isoperiodic and Lyapunov exponent diagrams with the simultaneous variation of the prey’s growth rate and the strength of vigilance. We observe a series of different types of organized periodic structures with different kinds of period-adding phenomena. The usual period-bubbling phenomenon is shown near a shrimp-shaped periodic structure. We observe the presence of double and triple heterogeneous attractors. We also notice Wada basin boundaries in the system, which is quite rare in ecological systems. The complex dynamics of the system in biparameter space are explored through extensive numerical simulations.
Effects of the direction and speed strategies on pedestrian dynamics
Authors: Hu Xiangmin , Chen Tao , Deng Kaifeng , Wang Guanning
Published: June 2022

In this work, we propose a velocity-based model for pedestrian movements containing two sub-models to study how the direction and speed selection strategies affect pedestrian dynamics. Affected by others in the view, pedestrians deviate their moving direction from the desired one to resolve space and velocity conflicts, the sensitivity to which is adjusted by two proportional parameters. After determining the moving direction, they choose a reasonable speed to avoid immediate collisions. The tolerance of personal-space violations is considered given that people accept physical contacts in some contexts and may squeeze despite the lack of space instead of matching the speed of the one in front. Simulation results demonstrate that the direction and speed selection strategies affect pedestrian dynamics in several aspects, including the time and metabolic energy cost, density–velocity relations, and crowd stability. Intriguingly, the discrepant empirical fundamental diagrams of pedestrians can be reproduced and explained in a natural way.
Intense gamma-ray source based on focused electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator
Authors: Senthilkumaran V. , Bailie D. , Behm K. , Warwick J. , Samarin G. M. , Maksimchuk A. , Nees J. , Thomas A. G. R. , Sarri G. , Krushelnick K. , Hussein A. E.
Published: June 2022

Laser wakefield accelerators generate ultrashort electron bunches with the capability to produce γ-rays. Here, we produce focused laser wakefield acceleration electron beams using three quadrupole magnets. Electron beams are then focused into a 3 mm lead converter to generate intense, focused bremsstrahlung γ beams. Experimental results demonstrate the generation and propagation of focused γ beams to a best focus spot size of 2.3 ± 0.1 × 2.7 ± 0.2 mm2 using a copper stack calorimeter. Monte Carlo simulations conducted using GEANT4 are in good agreement with experimental results and enable detailed examination of γ-ray generation. Simulations indicate that the focused γ beams contained 2.6 × 109 photons in the range of 100 keV to 33 MeV with an average energy of 6.4 MeV. A γ-ray intensity of 7 × 1010 W/cm2 was estimated from simulations. The generation of focused bremsstrahlung γ-ray sources can have important applications in medical imaging applications and laboratory astrophysics experiments.
An adaptive teosintemexicanaintrogression modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and is associated with maize flowering time
Authors: Barnes Allison C. , Rodríguez-Zapata Fausto , Juárez-Núñez Karla A. , Gates Daniel J. , Janzen Garrett M. , Kur Andi , Wang Li , Jensen Sarah E. , Estévez-Palmas Juan M. , Crow Taylor M. , Kavi Heli S. , Pil Hannah D. , Stokes Ruthie L. , Knizner Kevan T. , Aguilar-Rangel Maria R. , Demesa-Arévalo Edgar , Skopelitis Tara , Pérez-Limón Sergio , Stutts Whitney L. , Thompson Peter , Chiu Yu-Chun , Jackson David , Muddiman David C. , Fiehn Oliver , Runcie Daniel , Buckler Edward S. , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Hufford Matthew B. , Sawers Ruairidh J. H. , Rellán-Álvarez Rubén
Published: June 2022

Native Americans domesticated maize (Zea maysssp.mays) from lowland teosinteparviglumis(Zea maysssp.parviglumis)in the warm Mexican southwest and brought it to the highlands of Mexico and South America where it was exposed to lower temperatures that imposed strong selection on flowering time. Phospholipids are important metabolites in plant responses to low-temperature and phosphorus availability and have been suggested to influence flowering time. Here, we combined linkage mapping with genome scans to identifyHigh PhosphatidylCholine 1(HPC1), a gene that encodes a phospholipase A1 enzyme, as a major driver of phospholipid variation in highland maize. Common garden experiments demonstrated strong genotype-by-environment interactions associated with variation atHPC1,with the highlandHPC1allele leading to higher fitness in highlands, possibly by hastening flowering. The highland maizeHPC1variant resulted in impaired function of the encoded protein due to a polymorphism in a highly conserved sequence. A meta-analysis across HPC1 orthologs indicated a strong association between the identity of the amino acid at this position and optimal growth in prokaryotes. Mutagenesis ofHPC1via genome editing validated its role in regulating phospholipid metabolism. Finally, we showed that the highlandHPC1allele entered cultivated maize by introgression from the wild highland teosinteZea maysssp.mexicanaand has been maintained in maize breeding lines from the Northern United States, Canada, and Europe. Thus,HPC1introgressed from teosintemexicanaunderlies a large metabolic QTL that modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and has an adaptive effect at least in part via induction of early flowering time.
Racial social norms among Brazilian students: Academic performance, popularity, and racial identification
Authors: Portella Alysson , Kirschbaum Charles , Menezes-Filho Naercio
Published: June 2022

Studies in the United States have shown that minority students might face a trade-off between better academic performance and peer acceptance, which has been termed “acting White.” This paper investigates racial differences in the relationship between grades and popularity in five Brazilian schools. Popularity is measured using friendship ties among students, assigning a higher value to students more central in the network. The racial composition of friendship ties is generally diverse, although they tend to favor racial peers, especially among Black students. We find a positive correlation between grades and popularity of non-White students that is driven by their friendships with their White classmates. This contrasts with patterns associated with acting White, where a negative correlation between minorities’ grades and their popularity among racial peers is not compensated by their status among White students. We also investigate how academic performance is associated with racial identity choice conditional on skin color, finding a weak negative relationship between higher grades and the odds of classification as mixed race.
Effect of intensified training on cognitive function, psychological state & performance in trained cyclists
Authors: Costello Sarah E. , Rossiter Jack R. W. , Howatson Glyn , Bell Phillip G. , O'Neill Barry V. , van Someren Ken , Haskell‐Ramsay Crystal F.
Published: June 2022

Athletes often undertake intensified training loads prior to competition with the goal of functionally overreaching for temporary performance enhancement; however, little is known about the impact of this on cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intensified training induced fatigue on cognitive function, psychological state and performance in trained cyclists. Twenty‐three trained male cyclists were randomly assigned to an intensified training group or a control group for two‐weeks, followed by a two‐week taper period. At baseline, one‐week, two‐weeks and post‐taper, participants undertook a series of cognitive, performance, mood and recovery‐stress assessments. The training intervention significantly increased training volume, load and strain by 108%, 116% and 151% respectively. Peak and mean power output on a maximal test and time trial significantly decreased by 4.8% and 9.4% following the two‐week training intervention compared to baseline, in addition to a 169% change in total mood disturbance and significant disruption to recovery‐stress balance. No change in any cognitive measure was observed across the study period. Following a two‐week taper, performance, mood and well‐being measures returned to baseline. Two weeks of intensified training resulted in overreaching as identified by performance and psychological measures. Cognitive function was not sensitive to intensified training promoting caution with its use as a measure for the early identification of overreaching.
Theory and applications of integral transform: analytical and numerical study of nonlinear partial differential equations
Authors: Hussain Arshad , Saifullah Sayed , Ali Amir
Published: June 2022

This article discusses theory, properties, and applications of the novel integral transform known as

J

-transform (

J

T) for fractional differential equations. Several fundamental theorems on fractional Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives as well as proofs of some important results and functions are presented using the proposed transform. The exact and approximate solutions to numerous fractional differential equations (nonlinear Whitham- Broer-Kaup and KdV equations) are presented with numerical illustrations for validity, accuracy, and efficiency. It is observed that this fast-converging transform is a functional and valuable method to study a wide range of nonlinear problems in science and engineering.
Towards a unified interpretation of the early Universe in R
2-corrected dark energy model of F(R) gravity*
Authors: Chen Hua , Katsuragawa Taishi , Matsuzaki Shinya
Published: June 2022

-corrected dark energy (DE) models in

gravity have been widely investigated in recent years, which not only removes the weak singularity potentially present in DE models but also provide us with a unified picture of the cosmic history, including the inflationary and DE epochs. Towards the unified interpretation of dynamical DE all over the cosmic history in the class of

-corrected DE models, we explore the universal features of the scalaron dynamics in the radiation-dominated epoch, along with the chameleon mechanism, by keeping our eyes on the inflationary and DE epochs. We show that the scalaron evolution does not follow a surfing solution and is mostly adiabatic before big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), even properly including the kick by the nonperturbative QCD phase transition, hence a catastrophic consequence claimed in the literature is not applied to this class of DE models. This is due to the presence of the gigantic scale hierarchy between

correction and DE, so is the universal feature for the class of

-corrected DE models. The prospects for the post- or onset-inflationary epoch would be pretty different from what the standard

inflationary scenario undergoes due to the presence of the chameleon mechanism.