bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete retroperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy with robot‐assisted radical cystectomy
Authors: Tanaka Shiori , Kitano Goshi , Kato Manabu , Ogura Yuji , Kojima Takahiro
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Cutaneous ureterostomy is beneficial for older patients in a hypoalimentation state, providing less invasive options than intestinal tract reconstruction techniques. However, complications such as ileus and stoma site hernia still pose risks owing to the anatomical location of the ureter. We introduce a novel method, complete retroperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy, performed simultaneously with robot‐assisted radical cystectomy.

Case presentation

Our technique involves extending the retroperitoneal space to minimize complications and achieve stent‐free outcomes. The median procedure time for complete retroperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy was approximately 30 min. The stent‐free rates at 1 and 4 months postoperatively were 66.7% and 100%, respectively; no case of stent reinsertion after stent removal was reported.

Conclusion

Our approach is promising for avoiding postoperative intestinal tract complications.
Assessment of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological changes in chordoid glioma: A retrospective analysis of 13 cases
Authors: Huang Cong , Deng Li‐hua , Wen Feng , He Peng , Zhou Xing‐shun , Yu Zhen‐ni , Zhao Zi‐lin , Luo Jun‐de
Published: March 2024

Chordoid glioma (CG) is a rare tumor, and its predominantly anterior location is in the third ventricle. However, the clinical characteristics of CG were not obvious, and there was less knowledge of CG‐related imaging. This study aimed at exploring the MRI imaging features of CG. We retrospectively analyzed the MRI data of 13 patients diagnosed with CG from January 2015 to May 2021. The pathological change of tumor tissue was observed using H&E staining and immunohistochemical. The MRI manifestations of CG often include phyllode masses in the anterior part of the third ventricle. T2WI is dominated by iso‐ and hypointensity, with internal patchy hyperintensity, marked enhancement, and peritumoral edema. The “eight‐character edema sign” runs along the optic beam and may be useful for distinguishing CG from other tumors. CG has unique MRI manifestations that can serve as a diagnostic basis. Our study may help to enhance the understanding of imaging about CG and improve the diagnosis of patients with CG.
Offline and online parental mentalizing in mothers with symptoms of postpartum depression: Examining the association between self‐reported parental reflective functioning and interactional mind‐mindedness
Authors: Wendelboe Katrine I. , Stuart Anne C. , Smith‐Nielsen Johanne , Linkhorst Thea B. , Væver Mette Skovgaard
Published: March 2024

Mentalizing is, to a certain extent, considered context specific. However, research on the association between parents’ abilities to reflect upon their infant's mental states outside social interaction (offline) versus during ongoing parent‐infant interaction (online) is currently limited. This study investigated the association between self‐reported offline and online mentalizing in a sample of primarily ethnically Danish mothers (N = 142), with symptoms of postpartum depression, and their 1–11‐month‐old infants. Offline mentalizing was assessed with the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire—Infant Version (PRFQ‐I) and online mentalizing was assessed with interactional mind‐mindedness. Ordinal logistic regressions showed that a higher score on the PRFQ‐I prementalizing subscale was negatively related to number of overall mind‐related comments and appropriate mind‐related comments produced by mothers during interaction with their infant. Our results indicate partial overlaps between self‐reported parental reflective functioning and mind‐mindedness, that is, that particularly offline maladaptive mentalizing is associated with lower levels of mentalizing during interaction in mothers with symptoms of depression. Post‐hoc examination of the interaction effect of postpartum depression showed that this association was only evident in mothers with medium to high levels of depression. Findings and implications are discussed.
Real‐time breast lesion classification combining diffuse optical tomography frequency domain data and BI‐RADS assessment
Authors: Li Shuying , Zhang Menghao , Xue Minghao , Zhu Quing
Published: March 2024

Ultrasound (US)‐guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has demonstrated potential for breast cancer diagnosis, in which real‐time or near real‐time diagnosis with high accuracy is desired. However, DOT's relatively slow data processing and image reconstruction speeds have hindered real‐time diagnosis. Here, we propose a real‐time classification scheme that combines US breast imaging reporting and data system (BI‐RADS) readings and DOT frequency domain measurements. A convolutional neural network is trained to generate malignancy probability scores from DOT measurements. Subsequently, these scores are integrated with BI‐RADS assessments using a support vector machine classifier, which then provides the final diagnostic output. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.978 is achieved in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions in patient data without image reconstruction.
Improving the spatial resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio of ultrasound switchable fluorescence imaging
Authors: Yu Shuai , Yuan Baohong
Published: March 2024

Ultrasound switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging, a hybrid imaging technology that combines the advantages of both fluorescence sensitivity and acoustic resolution in centimeter‐deep tissue, has great potential for biomedical different applications. A camera‐based USF imaging system reveals its capability of capturing both spatial and temporal dynamics of the USF signal in tissue. In this study, various algorithms were explored to enhance the spatial resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of USF images, utilizing temporal and spatial information from a camera‐based time‐domain USF imaging system. The correlation method proved effective in boosting SNR, while the ascending‐slope‐weighted method enhanced spatial resolution. Additionally, the spatially back‐projection method significantly improved spatial resolution in silicone phantoms. The results underscore the advantages of incorporating temporal and spatial information from USF signals.
Effect of S doping on structural and photoelectrochemical properties of LaFeO3 nanocomposites
Authors: Li Shudan , Zhu Xinyue , Gao Kun
Published: March 2024

S‐doped LaFeO3 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized for the first time using a hydrothermal method coupled with a low‐temperature solid phase method. Characterization results revealed that S atoms were successfully incorporated into LaFeO3 and existed predominantly in the form of S6+ within the LaFeO3 lattice. The sulfur doping enhanced the textural and photoelectrochemical characteristics of LaFeO3.
Clinical characteristics of treatment‐seeking youth with misophonia
Authors: Lewin Adam B. , Milgram Lauren , Cepeda Sandra L. , Dickinson Sarah , Bolen Morgan , Kudryk Kelly , Bolton Cassidy , Karlovich Ashley R. , Grassie Hannah L. , Kangavary Aileen , Harmon Sherelle L. , Guzick Andrew , Ehrenreich‐May Jill
Published: March 2024

Objective

Misophonia is a psychiatric condition characterized by strong emotional and/or behavioral responses to auditory stimuli, leading to distress and functional impairment. Despite previous attempts to define and categorize this condition, misophonia is not currently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases. The lack of formal diagnostic consensus presents challenges for research aimed at assessing and treating this clinical presentation.

Methods

The current study presents clinical characteristics of youth (N = 47) with misophonia in the largest treatment‐seeking sample to date. We examined demographic characteristics of the sample, frequency of comorbid disorders, frequency of specific misophonia symptoms (i.e., triggers, emotional and behavioral responses, and impairments), and caregiver‐child symptom agreement. Misophonia symptoms were evaluated using a multimodal assessment including clinician, youth, and caregiver reports on empirically established misophonia measures, and concordance among measures was assessed.

Results

Youth seeking treatment for misophonia presented with marked misophonia symptoms and an array of comorbid conditions. Youth and caregivers identified various triggers of misophonia symptoms (e.g., chewing sounds, breathing sounds), as well as a wide range of emotional (e.g., anger, annoyance, disgust) and behavioral (e.g., aggression, avoidance) responses to triggers. Youth and caregivers exhibited high agreement on misophonia triggers but lower agreement on symptom severity and associated impairment. Compared to younger children (aged 8−13), older children (aged 14+) appeared to report symptom severity and associated impairment more reliably.

Conclusion

Misophonia is a heterogenous and impairing clinical condition that warrants future investigation and evidence‐based treatment development.
Exploring the effect of chlorhexidine concentration on the biocorrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V for dental implants
Authors: Faramarzi Masoumeh , Shabgard Sara , Khalili Vida , Ege Duygu
Published: March 2024

Corrosion of dental implants is one of the most critical factors in the failure of implant treatments. Generally, corrosion depends on the type of material used in implants and the chemical composition of the oral environment. Due to the antibacterial activities, mouthwashes and chlorhexidine gels are often used after implant surgery. Ti6Al4V is commonly used in manufacturing dental implants. The present study aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of the Ti6Al4V alloy under different concentrations of chlorhexidine (0.12%, 0.2%,and 2%) during 2‐ and 24‐h immersion. This way corrosion may be minimized while obtaining an antibacterial environment around the implant. In this regard, the electrochemical behavior of the specimens was investigated using polarization and impedance tests, and then their morphology, cross‐section and nano‐tribological behavior were evaluated using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, and nano‐scratch test. The results show that using chlorhexidine solution with a concentration of 0.12% could yield a lower corrosion rate and material loss after implant surgery.

Research Highlights

Open circuit potential values increase with immersion time, which suggests multistage passivation of the surface during immersion in chlorhexidine.

Specimens in 0.12% chlorhexidine show improved thermodynamic corrosion resistance.

Nano‐scratch testing demonstrates higher scratch resistance for specimens in 0.12% chlorhexidine solution after 2‐h immersion.

Higher chlorhexidine concentration than 0.12% and longer immersion times decrease the resistance of the formed passive layer.
Role‐Playing Games as a New Adventure for Leadership‐As‐Practice: Forming a Leadership Framework Around Collective Creativity and Development
Authors: Lasley Joe
Published: March 2024

The current paper explores a transformative approach to leadership that integrates with a view of analog role‐playing games (RPGs) as a system for human interaction, aiming to leverage these experiences and foster collective creative leadership. In the face of urgent global challenges, traditional leadership models prove inadequate, necessitating a shift in understanding leadership as a process of adaptive change among human groups. Drawing on phenomenology, relational sociology and constructivist perspectives, I advocate for a conceptualization of leadership as a socially constructed, meaning‐making endeavor mutually embedded within and generating cultural context. I emphasize the essential role of collective cultural approaches and propose a co‐creative education process that incorporates play and creativity for effective leadership development. Then, I delve further into the intersection of leadership and play, highlighting the potential of RPGs in facilitating transformative, collective creativity. The proposed model views RPGs as Leadership‐As‐Practice Development (LAPD) and explores how analog RPGs can be employed as dynamic platforms for leadership learning, identity development, team‐building, and symbolic storytelling processes.
Leadership Through Citizen Science Games
Authors: Schrier Karen (Kat)
Published: March 2024

The current paper examines how citizen science games, or games that build knowledge and enable the crowdsourcing of tasks, enable leadership. Specifically, the paper describes how both the creators and players of these knowledge‐building games are collectively engaged in the leadership process. Players are enacting leadership through collaboration, communication, and problem solving with other players, as well as alongside the creators of these games. The games' developers are also engaged in leadership in how they are framing and enabling problem solving and other collective activities.
Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Biopolymer‐Based Aerogels as Smart Platforms for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Alkhalidi Hala M. , Alahmadi Amerh Aiad , Rizg Waleed Y. , Yahya Esam Bashir , H.P.S. Abdul Khalil , Mushtaq Rayan Y. , Badr Moutaz Y. , Safhi Awaji Y. , Hosny Khaled M.
Published: March 2024

Cancer stands as a leading cause of global mortality, with chemotherapy being a pivotal treatment approach, either alone or in conjunction with other therapies. The primary goal of these therapies is to inhibit the growth of cancer cells specifically, while minimizing harm to healthy dividing cells. Conventional treatments, often causing patient discomfort due to side effects, have led researchers to explore innovative, targeted cancer cell therapies. Thus, biopolymer‐based aerogels emerge as innovative platforms, showcasing unique properties that respond intelligently to diverse stimuli. This responsiveness enables precise control over the release of anticancer drugs, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The significance of these aerogels lies in their ability to offer targeted drug delivery with increased efficacy, biocompatibility, and a high drug payload. In this comprehensive review, the author discuss the role of biopolymer‐based aerogels as an emerging functionalized platforms in anticancer drug delivery. The review addresses the unique properties of biopolymer‐based aerogels showing their smart behavior in responding to different stimuli including temperature, pH, magnetic and redox potential to control anticancer drug release. Finally, the review discusses the application of different biopolymer‐based aerogel in delivering different anticancer drugs and also discusses the potential of these platforms in gene delivery applications.
H2S donor S‐propargyl‐cysteine for skin wound healing improvement via smart transdermal delivery
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqing , Chen Yao , Lin Zhongxiao , Jin Xinyang , Su Bolun , Liu Xiaotong , Yang Mao , Chen Keyuan , Zhu Menglin , Wang Lei , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: March 2024

Hydrogen sulfide for wound healing has drawn a lot of attention recently. In this research, the S‐propargyl‐cysteine (SPRC), an endogenous H2S donor, was loaded on carbomer hydrogel, and a copper sheet rat burn model was developed. Pathological changes in rat skin tissue were examined using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and Masson staining. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect the expression of Collagen I (Col I) and Collagen III (Col III). The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, Col Iα2, Col IIIα1, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were examined by quantitative real‐time chain polymerase reaction. The findings demonstrated that the collagen layer was thicker in the SPRC group during the proliferative phase, SPRC hydrogel promoted VEGF expression. In the late stage of wound healing, the expression of IL‐6, TIMP‐1, MMP‐9, and TGF‐β1 was inhibited, and the Col I content was closer to that of normal tissue. These results surface that SPRC hydrogel can promote wound healing and play a positive role in reducing scar formation. Our results imply that SPRC can facilitate wound healing and play a positive role in reducing scar formation.
Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy
Authors: Zhuang Hongbin , Liang Zhiyuan , Ma Guanwei , Qureshi Ayesha , Ran Xiaoqian , Feng Chengyun , Liu Xukun , Yan Xi , Shen Liming
Published: March 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The heterogeneity of ASD poses great challenges for its research and clinical translation. On the basis of reviewing the heterogeneity of ASD, this review systematically summarized the current status and progress of pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, and interventions for ASD. We provided an overview of the ASD molecular mechanisms identified by multi‐omics studies and convergent mechanism in different genetic backgrounds. The comorbidities, mechanisms associated with important physiological and metabolic abnormalities (i.e., inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction), and gut microbial disorder in ASD were reviewed. The non‐targeted omics and targeting studies of diagnostic markers for ASD were also reviewed. Moreover, we summarized the progress and methods of behavioral and educational interventions, intervention methods related to technological devices, and research on medical interventions and potential drug targets. This review highlighted the application of high‐throughput omics methods in ASD research and emphasized the importance of seeking homogeneity from heterogeneity and exploring the convergence of disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and intervention approaches, and proposes that taking into account individuality and commonality may be the key to achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
Event‐triggered H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ performance state estimation for neural networks with time‐varying delay
Authors: Xue Wenlong , Gao Yanfang
Published: March 2024

The issue of event‐triggered performance state estimation for neural networks with time‐varying delays is addressed in this paper. An innovative event‐triggered approach is presented, designed to strike a harmonious equilibrium between the state estimator's performance and the communication bandwidth of the network. The proposed approach captures the relationship between the time‐varying delay and system states by employing a delay derivative‐dependent integral inequality with matrices that account for delay derivatives. This novel formulation ensures the asymptotic stability of the estimation error system, thereby fulfilling the performance requirement. The desired event‐triggered estimators are then obtained through the use of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through a numerical example.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Suppressing Endocannabinoid System
Authors: Chen Yan‐fang , Fan Ze‐kai , Wang Yin‐peng , Liu Peng , Guo Xiao‐fei , Li Duo
Published: March 2024

Scope

Endocannabinoid signaling regulates energy homeostasis, and is tightly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study previously finds that supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has superior function to ameliorate NAFLD compared with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The present study aims to investigate whether DHA intervention alleviates NAFLD via endocannabinoid system.

Methods and results

In a case–control study, the serum endocannabinoid ligands in 60 NAFLD and 60 healthy subjects are measured. Meanwhile, NAFLD model is established in mice fed a high‐fat and ‐cholesterol diet (HFD) for 9 weeks. DHA or EPA is administrated for additional 9 weeks. Serum primary endocannabinoid ligands, namely anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidoniylglycerol (2‐AG), are significantly higher in individuals with NAFLD compared with healthy controls. NAFLD model shows that serum 2‐AG concentrations and adipocyte cannabinoid receptor 1 expression levels are significantly lower in DHA group compared with HFD group. Lipidomic and targeted ceramide analyses further confirm that endocannabinoid signaling inhibition has exerted deletion of hepatic C16:0‐ceramide contents, resulting in down‐regulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis and up‐regulation of fatty acid β‐oxidation related protein expression levels.

Conclusions

This work elucidates that DHA has improved NAFLD by suppressing endocannabinoid system.
Fat malabsorption in critical illness
Authors: Kasotakis George , Whitmore Colin
Published: March 2024

Malnutrition in critical illness is common and is associated with significant increases in adverse outcomes. A hypermetabolic state and underfeeding both contribute to the incidence of malnutrition. Malabsorption caused by critical illness is also an important contributor to the development of malnutrition. The early provision of enteral nutrition is associated with improved outcomes. Strategies for nutrition therapy must be informed by the alterations in absorption of macronutrients present in these patients. The following review examines alterations in fat metabolism during critical illness, and its consequences to overall nutrition status. Critical illness, as well as the sequalae of common medical interventions, may lead to alterations in the mechanical and chemical processes by which fat is digested and absorbed. Mechanical alterations include delayed gastric emptying and changes to the normal gut transit time. Pharmacologic interventions aimed at reducing these impacts may themselves, negatively affect efficient fat absorption. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can also occur in critical illness and may be underappreciated as a cause of fat malabsorption. Dysfunction of the gut lymphatics has been proposed as a contributing factor to fat malabsorption, and additional work is needed to better describe and quantify those effects. Achieving optimal outcomes for nutrition therapy requires recognition of these alterations in fat digestion.
Flourishing among undergraduate nursing students: Insights from a cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shdaifat Emad , Alshowkan Amira , Omer Amna , Alqahtani Friyal , AL‐Qahtani Mona , Alsaleh Nagla , Kamel Neama , Alotaibi Nora
Published: March 2024

Aim

This study aimed to examine the factors that influence the level of flourishing among nursing students.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 328 undergraduate nursing students from a nursing college. Data were collected from February to June 2023 using the Global Flourishing Study (GFS) questionnaire, which assesses six domains of flourishing and their determinants. To ensure reliability and validity, a pilot study was conducted and a thorough validation process was employed.

Results

The Flourishing Index ranged from 24.0 to 100.0, with an average score of 74.2 (SD = 14.8). Well‐being, disposition and behaviour, as well as external factors, correlated strongly positively with the Flourishing Index (r = 0.741, r = 0.565, r = 0.596, all p < 0.001). The Flourishing level was significantly negatively correlated with religion (r = −0.381, p < 0.001). Married participants had a significantly negative association with flourishing (p = 0.009). Disposition and behaviour were significantly and positively associated with flourishing (p = 0.017). The regression model had goodness of fit (R2 = 0.628) and was significant overall (F = 108.703, p = 0.001). The Flourishing model was established based on well‐being, external factors, religion, disposition and behaviour, and marital status.

Conclusion

Positive correlations between flourishing and well‐being, disposition and external factors suggest areas of improvement. Conversely, the negative association with religion emphasizes the necessity of culturally sensitive approaches. Future studies with larger and more diverse samples, as well as additional variables, are crucial to obtain a deeper understanding of the factors that influence flourishing among nursing students in Saudi Arabia.
Hypofractionated re‐irradiation for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Mankuzhy Nikhil P. , Tringale Kathryn R. , Dunkel Ira J. , Farouk Sait Sameer , Souweidane Mark M. , Khakoo Yasmin , Karajannis Matthias A. , Wolden Suzanne
Published: March 2024

Background

Re‐irradiation (reRT) increases survival in locally recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). There is no standard dose and fractionation for reRT, but conventional fractionation (CF) is typically used. We report our institutional experience of reRT for DIPG, which includes hypofractionation (HF).

Methods

We reviewed pediatric patients treated with brainstem reRT for DIPG at our institution from 2012 to 2022. Patients were grouped by HF or CF. Outcomes included steroid use, and overall survival (OS) was measured from both diagnosis and start of reRT.

Results

Of 22 patients who received reRT for DIPG, two did not complete their course due to clinical decline. Of the 20 who completed reRT, the dose was 20–30 Gy in 2‐Gy fractions (n = 6) and 30–36 Gy in 3‐Gy fractions (n = 14). Median age was 5 years (range: 3–14), median interval since initial RT was 8 months (range: 3–20), and 12 received concurrent bevacizumab. Median OS from diagnosis was 18 months [95% confidence interval: 17–24]. Median OS from start of reRT for HF versus CF was 8.2 and 7.5 months, respectively (p = .20). Thirteen (93%) in the HF group and three (75%) in the CF group tapered pre‐treatment steroid dose down or off within 2 months after reRT due to clinical improvement. There was no significant difference in steroid taper between HF and CF (p = .4). No patients developed radionecrosis.

Conclusion

reRT with HF achieved survival duration comparable to published outcomes and effectively palliated symptoms. Future investigation of this regimen in the context of new systemic therapies and upfront HF is warranted.
Synergistic effect of BNNS and MgAl layered double hydroxide nanosheets on dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of polyetherimide nanocomposite films
Authors: Hong Zhen , Xing Yun , Xue Mingshan , Yang Dan , Xia Xinyu , Guo Jingxiao , Luo Yidan , Yin Zuozhu , Xie Chan
Published: March 2024

The development of polymer‐based dielectric nanocomposites with superior dielectric properties, heat dissipation, and excellent thermal stability remains a significant challenge for advanced electronic and electrical systems. In this work, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and MgAl layered double hydroxide nanosheets (MgAl LDHNS) were utilized as binary fillers and incorporated into polyetherimide (PEI) to fabricate BNNS‐MgAl LDHNS/PEI nanocomposite films by ball milling dispersion and solution casting method. Owing to the exceptional synergistic effect of BNNS with high thermal conductivity and large diameter, combined with MgAl LDHNS with high dielectric constant and small diameter, the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite film were enhanced while maintaining low dielectric loss and high breakdown strength. For the BNNS‐MgAl LDHNS/PEI nanocomposite films with filler loading of 12 wt%, the dielectric constant (6.47 at 100 Hz) increased by 73%, the in‐plane thermal conductivity (6.932 W/m·K) and through‐plane thermal conductivity (0.407 W/m·K) increased by 561% and 111%, respectively. And the breakdown strength of the nanocomposite film remains at 82.1 kV/mm. Simultaneously, the thermal stability and mechanical flexibility of the nanocomposite film were maintained. This work presents a promising PEI‐based composite material and offers new insights into the role of two‐dimensional binary fillers with varying sheet diameters in enhancing the properties of polymer‐based composites.

Highlights

BNNS‐MgAl LDHNS/PEI nanocomposite film was prepared.

The nanocomposite film has high dielectric and thermal properties.

The interfacial polarization synergistic enhanced by the 2D binary fillers.

A high thermal conductivity path was formed between 2D binary fillers.
The role of photo‐catalytically synthesized poly (N‐vinyl pyrrolidone‐methyl methacrylate)/CuO‐rGO nanocomposite as a filler for the reinforcement for epoxy system
Authors: Rajan Ramya , Jayadev D. , Suresh Aiswarya Ambili , Raman Akhila , Venu Gopika , Jayan Jitha S. , Francis Bejoy , Saritha Appukuttan , Joseph Kuruvila
Published: March 2024

This study demonstrates the effective copolymerization of N‐Vinyl pyrrolidone and methyl methacrylate using reduced graphene oxide adorned with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐rGO) acting as a catalyst when exposed to blue LED irradiation to generate random copolymer hybrid system of P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO). We investigated the effects of this copolymer hybrid system of P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) on the mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties of epoxy (DEGBA‐DETDA) composite. By employing two different concentrations of CuO nanoparticle, we assessed the reinforcement capability of the synthesized copolymer‐nanoparticle hybrid within an epoxy matrix. We observed that the composite sample comprising P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO), having 0.5% of CuO‐rGO (Cu002) with respect to the epoxy concentration resulted in significant enhancements in fracture toughness. Further mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composite samples were studied using DMA, DSC and TGA. Microstructural properties and Mechanisms of toughening are elucidated through the examination of SEM images depicting the fracture surfaces. Moreover, the hybrid composites exhibited notable antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus compared to control. These findings highlight the copolymer hybrid P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) system's role as a multifunctional filler, enhancing epoxy composites' durability, functionality, and antibacterial performance. Our work advances the field of composites by showcasing the customized use of nanoparticle‐enhanced copolymers to improve material properties, providing valuable insights for the development of next‐generation composite materials.

Highlights

Achieved novel copolymerization of N‐Vinyl pyrrolidone and methyl methacrylate.

CuO‐rGO successfully facilitates P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) nanocomposite formation.

P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) nanocomposite proved as an effective filler for epoxy.

P(NVP‐co‐MMA/CuO‐rGO) reinforced epoxy enhances toughness by 143% over neat epoxy

Reinforced epoxy showed better efficacy against E. coli & S. aureus versus control.
Biopolymer composites based on ultrasound/plasma‐modified fiber waste and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT): Physicochemical and functional performance
Authors: Sifuentes‐Nieves Israel , Hernandez‐Gamez Jose F. , Salinas‐Hernández Myrna , Garcia‐Hernandez Zureima , Herrera‐Guerrero Adan , Hernandez‐Hernandez Ernesto , Flores‐Silva Pamela C.
Published: March 2024

A strategy for a circular economy is to reuse and modify agricultural wastes through green methodologies, which can be employed as high‐value raw materials to produce sustainable materials. Thus, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composites containing plasma (P) and ultrasound/plasma (UP) modified Agave fibers (AF) were prepared by the melt mixing process. The effect of content (10% and 20%) and type of fiber on the processing, structural, mechanical, and water barrier performance of PBAT composites was assessed. FTIR analysis exhibited the presence of O‐Si‐O groups in all composites containing modified AF, indicating the presence of nanometric hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) coating on the fiber surface. The addition of modified AF into PBAT polymer promoted higher torque levels and specific energy during the composites processing, indicating higher matrix‐fiber interactions that hindered the free flow of the polymeric chains. Nevertheless, SEM, DSC, and crystallinity results revealed that PBAT‐AFUP composites exhibited more homogeneous surfaces and ordered structures that promoted higher entanglement between modified fibers and the PBAT matrix and restricted the binding sites for water interaction as changes in tensile modulus (from 90 to 163 MPa) and water contact angle (from 63 to 77°) indicated. These findings show that modified Agave fibers are a sustainable raw material that can be easily processed to produce soft and hydrophobic PBAT‐based composites.

Highlights

The fiber type determined the functional performance of the PBAT composites

The modified fibers increased the entanglement of composite chains

UP‐modified fibers improved the water barrier performance of the PBAT matrix
Kirchhoff – Pionier der Elektrotechnik und Spektroskopie
Authors: Wiechert Horst
Published: March 2024

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff war ein genialer Physiker. Auf der Grundlage seines in der Königsberger Schule erworbenen Wissens gelang es ihm, wichtige Fortschritte sowohl in der Experimentalphysik wie in der Theoretischen Physik zu erzielen, die noch heute von großer Bedeutung sind. Bekannt sind seine Gesetze zu geschlossenen Stromkreisen, die Strahlungsgesetze und die spektroskopischen Untersuchungen, die er zusammen mit Robert Wilhelm Bunsen durchführte. Sie eröffneten Möglichkeiten, aus der Analyse des Lichts ferner Himmelskörper deren elementare Zusammensetzung zu erschließen, ein wesentlicher Schlüssel zur Erforschung der Materie im Weltraum.
Metalle Ex‐Machina
Authors: Raabe Dierk
Published: March 2024

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) kann zur Entwicklung von Materialien unter Einbeziehung ihrer Herstellung, Verarbeitung, inneren Strukturdefekte und chemischen Komplexität eingesetzt werden. Heute muss sie aber meist noch mit spärlichen Trainingsdaten zurechtkommen. Hybrid‐Methoden können diese Datenbasis in Verbindung mit aktiv geleiteten Experimenten verbessern. Sie schließen thermodynamische und kinetische Datenbanken, kombinatorische Hochdurchsatzexperimente, Ab‐initio‐Daten und automatisierte Sprachverarbeitung ein. Solche KI‐Methoden für das Materialdesign können auch mit physikalischen Modellen kombiniert werden. Bei allen Ansätzen ist die Identifizierung geeigneter Deskriptoren wichtig, die das gesuchte Material zu finden helfen. Aktuell ist die Verbesserung der Kausalitätsermittlung bei der Materialentwicklung mittels KI ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld. Dies gilt für die effizientere Entdeckung potenziell verheißungsvoller Datenausreißer sowie die Vorhersage außerhalb der Trainingsbereiche der KI.
Fraktionale Chern‐Isolatoren
Authors: Knüppel Patrick , Zhu Jiacheng , Kroner Martin
Published: March 2024

Ein zweidimensionales Elektronengas in einem starken Magnetfeld ist der übliche Schauplatz des Quanten‐Hall‐Effekts. Nicht lange nach seiner Entdeckung konnten Theoretiker derartige topologische Effekte sogar ganz ohne Landau‐Quantisierung oder externes Magnetfeld darstellen. Nun ist es auch im Labor gelungen: In Halbleiterstrukturen zeigt sich das feldfreie Äquivalent eines gebrochenzahligen Quanten‐Hall‐Zustands.
Neue „Magdeburger Weingläser“
Authors: Kasper Lutz , Vogt Patrik
Published: March 2024

Das Experiment von Otto von Guericke zum Vakuum wurde unter dem Namen „Magdeburger Halbkugeln“ weltberühmt und findet sich heute in fast jedem Schulbuch. Wir rekonstruieren diesen Schauversuch mit zwei Weingläsern.
Banditen, Breitengrade und polarisiertes Licht
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: March 2024

Wissenschaftliche Arbeit wird oft behindert, selten aber durch solche Abenteuer wie im Leben des Gesuchten.
Understanding local interactions in freestanding flexible poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(3,4‐ethyelenedioxythiophene):poly(styrelenesulfonate) films using impedance, Raman, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Jangra Mandeep , Gupta Mukul , Hussain Shamima
Published: March 2024

The local interaction within poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(3,4‐ethyelenedioxythiophene):poly(styrelenesulfonate) (PVDF/PEDOT:PSS) composite films has been explored in this study. Vibrational and impedance spectroscopy were used extensively to investigate the potential interactions within the moieties of PVDF and PEDOT:PSS in the composite. The increased concentration of PEDOT:PSS used as additives enhanced the dielectric constant of the composite films significantly. Both the AC conductivity and the estimated mobility also increased in the composite films with increasing additives. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy gave an insight into the local chain interactions within the polymer composite films. A shift in the C K‐edge toward higher energy confirmed the local interaction of the polymer moieties, suggesting a change in the polymer chain structure due to the possible association of moieties.
Decision‐making for bilateral risk‐reducing mastectomy for an increased lifetime breast cancer risk: A qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Torrisi Christa , Wareg Nuha K. , Anbari Allison Brandt
Published: March 2024

Objective

Previvor is a term applied to a person with an identified, elevated lifetime cancer risk but without an actual cancer diagnosis. Previvorship entails the selection of risk management strategies. For women with a genetic mutation that increases their predisposition for a breast cancer diagnosis, bilateral risk‐reducing mastectomy (BRRM) is the most effective prevention strategy. However, BRRM can change a woman's breast appearance and function. The purpose of this qualitative metasynthesis (QMS) was to better understand the decision‐making process for BRRM among previvors.

Methods

A theory‐generating QMS approach was used to analyze and synthesize qualitative findings. Research reports were considered for inclusion if: (1) women over 18 years of age possessed a genetic mutation increasing lifetime breast cancer risk or a strong family history of breast cancer; (2) the sample was considering, or had completed, BRRM; (3) the results reported qualitative findings. Exclusion criteria were male gender, personal history of breast cancer, and research reports which did not separate findings based on cancer diagnosis and/or risk‐reduction surgery.

Results

A theory and corresponding model emerged, comprised of seven themes addressing the decision‐making process for or against BRRM. While some factors to decision‐making were decisive for surgery, others were more indefinite and contributed to women changing, processing, or suspending their decision‐making for a period of time.

Conclusions

Regardless of the decision previvors make about BRRM, physical and psychosocial well‐being should be considered and promoted through shared decision‐making in the clinical setting.
Characteristics and influencing factors of demoralization in patients with lung cancer: A latent class analysis
Authors: Hong Yu Ting , Ye Bi Qin , Lin Jia Ling , Chen Qiu Hong , Zhang Juan , Chen Wei‐Ti , Huang Fei Fei
Published: March 2024

Objective

Demoralization has garnered increasing attention in recent years as a significant psychological distress. This study aims to identify latent classes of demoralization in lung cancer patients using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) from a person‐centered perspective and to explore the factors influencing the latent classes of demoralization.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among 567 lung cancer patients in three tertiary hospitals in China. LCA was employed to classify heterogeneous classes of demoralization. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as physical symptoms, resilience, family function, and coping strategies, with class membership in the identified heterogeneous subgroups of lung cancer patients.

Results

Three latent classes of demoralization were identified: the high demoralization group (Class 1, 14.8%), the moderate demoralization‐distress and helplessness group (Class 2, 37.2%), and the low demoralization group (Class 3, 48.0%). In comparison to Class 3, lung cancer patients with hypertension, higher core symptom burden, poorer resilience, dysfunctional family dynamics, and resignation coping were more likely to belong to Class 1 and Class 2.

Conclusions

The demoralization patterns in lung cancer patients were varied. Targeted intervention should be developed based on the characteristics of each class, and timely attention should be paid to high‐risk patients.
Impact of sensory reweighting strategies on postural control using the sensory organization test in older adults with and without fall risks
Authors: Sung Paul , Rowland Phyllis
Published: March 2024

Background

The Sensory Organization Test (SOT), an integral part of computerized dynamic posturography, plays a crucial role in evaluating postural stability under various altered sensory conditions. Despite its importance, there have been noted inconsistencies in the results pertaining to equilibrium and sensory system evaluations. This study aimed to compare four sensory analysis scores and equilibrium indices between older adults with and without fall risks.

Methods

The study included 34 participants identified as being at risk of falls and 42 control subjects. To categorize individuals between the two groups, we performed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. This classification was based on scores from the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) and the composite scores obtained from the SOT. In addition, we used the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) as well as the level of disability.

Results

The fall risk group demonstrated significantly higher TSK scores (39.39 ± 15.24 for control group vs. 54.65 ± 10.70 for fall risk group; t = −5.09, p = 0.001). The groups demonstrated a significant interaction on the equilibrium index (F = 4.59, p = 0.03), which was lower in the fall risk group in Condition 6 with a moving surface and surround and eyes open (t = 2.29, p = 0.01). The fall risk group demonstrated a higher somatosensory score (t = −1.73, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

The fall risk group had a lower equilibrium index score in Condition six of the SOT, which was useful for identifying deficits in vestibular function to integrate sensory information under challenging conditions for postural adaptation. This strategy suggested that the fall risk group could compensate for their risk of falls by utilizing more effective somatosensory reweighting strategies compared with the control group.
Phenotype versus genotype to optimize cancer dosing in the clinical setting—focus on 5‐fluorouracil and tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Martin Jennifer H. , Galettis Peter , Flynn Alex , Schneider Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Cancer medicines often have narrow therapeutic windows; toxicity can be severe and sometimes fatal, but inadequate dose intensity reduces efficacy and survival. Determining the optimal dose for each patient is difficult, with body‐surface area used most commonly for chemotherapy and flat dosing for tyrosine kinase inhibitors, despite accumulating evidence of a wide range of exposures in individual patients with many receiving a suboptimal dose with these strategies. Therapeutic drug monitoring (measuring the drug concentration in a biological fluid, usually plasma) (TDM) is an accepted and well validated method to guide dose adjustments for individual patients to improve this. However, implementing TDM in routine care has been difficult outside a research context. The development of genotyping of various proteins involved in drug elimination and activity has gained prominence, with several but not all Guideline groups recommending dose reductions for particular variant genotypes. However, there is increasing concern that dosing recommendations are based on limited data sets and may lead to unnecessary underdosing and increased cancer mortality. This Review discusses the evidence surrounding genotyping and TDM to guide decisions around best practice.
Influence of Carbon Doping on Stability of Intrinsic Defects in Y3Al5O12 and Lu3Al5O12
Authors: Jia Lingchun , Gu Mu , Zhu Jiajie , Grynyov Borys , Sidletskiy Oleg
Published: March 2024

Methods of crystal growth of rare earth garnets without precious metal crucibles are extensively developed nowadays. This work addresses defects forming in carbon‐containing Lu3Al5O12 crystals grown in Ar + CO atmosphere in W crucibles. The influence of carbon admixture on formation energies and oxidation states of intrinsic defects has been studied by ab initio calculations and optical spectroscopy. 21 types of isolated and complex defects have been considered in oxygen‐poor conditions of crystal growth in Ar + CO reducing atmosphere and oxygen‐rich conditions of postgrowth annealing of crystals in air. Despite the same type of crystalline structure and similar chemical compositions of Y3Al5O12 and Lu3Al5O12, the remarkable differences in formation mechanisms of color centers have been found in these materials. The conducted modeling suggests a reduced likelihood of the formation of positively charged carbon‐related defects responsible for color center formation, such as carbon occupying the oxygen site (CO) and interstitial carbon (Ci), in LuAG:C when compared to YAG:C. Regarding optical properties, fewer types of color centers are observed in LuAG:C absorption spectra, indicating a good agreement between simulation and experimental data. This study provides fresh insights into the mechanisms behind color center formation in rare earth garnets.
A comparison of two statistical postprocessing methods for heavy‐precipitation forecasts over India during the summer monsoon
Authors: Angus Michael , Widmann Martin , Orr Andrew , Ashrit Raghavendra , Leckebusch Gregor C. , Mitra Ashis
Published: March 2024

Accurate ensemble forecasts of heavy precipitation in India are vital for many applications and essential for early warning of damaging flood events, especially during the monsoon season. In this study we investigate to what extent Quantile Mapping (QM) and Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) statistical postprocessing reduce errors in precipitation ensemble forecasts over India, in particular for heavy precipitation. Both methods are applied to day‐1 forecasts at 12‐km resolution from the 23‐member National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) global ensemble prediction system (NEPS‐G). By construction, QM leads to distributions close to the observed ones, while EMOS optimizes the ensemble spread, and it is not a priori clear which is better suited for practical applications. The methods are therefore compared with respect to several key aspects of the forecasts: local distributions, ensemble spread, and skill for forecasting precipitation amounts and the exceedance of heavy precipitation thresholds. The evaluation includes rank histograms, Continuous Ranked Probability Skill Scores (CRPSS), Brier Skill Scores (BSS), reliability diagrams, and receiver operating characteristic. EMOS performs best not only with respect to correcting under‐ or overdispersive ensembles, but also in terms of forecast skill for precipitation amounts and heavy precipitation events, with positive CRPSS and BSS in most regions (both up to about 0.4 in some areas), while QM in many regions performs worse than the raw forecast. QM performs best with respect to the overall local precipitation distributions. Which aspects of the forecasts are most relevant depends to some extent on how the forecasts are used. If the main criteria are the correction of under‐ or overdispersion, forecast reliability, match between the forecasted distribution for individual days and observations (CRPSS), and the skill in forecasting heavy‐precipitation events (BSS), then EMOS is the better choice for postprocessing NEPS‐G forecasts for short lead times.