bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3-(3,5-Dinitrophenyl)-5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazole: synthesis, structure and properties of a novel insensitive energetic material
Authors: Zhao Binshan , Kuang Baolong , Sun Mou , Wang Tingwei , Zhang Chao , Xu Meiqi , Li Cong , Lu Zujia , Zhang Jian-guo
Published: April 2024

A novel heat-resistant energetic compound 3-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazole with low mechanical sensitivity on the basis of combining dinitrobenzene and aminooxadiazole was synthesized through a simple method in this work.
A rotational spectroscopy study of microsolvation effects on intramolecular proton transfer in trifluoroacetylacetone–(H2O)1–3
Authors: Lv Dingding , Chen Xinlei , Jiang Ningjing , Wang Guanjun , Zeng Xiaoqing , Fang Wei , Li Weixing , Zhou Mingfei
Published: April 2024

A rotational spectroscopy study of the trifluoroacetylacetone–(H2O)1–3 clusters shows that water facilitates the proton transfer reaction without direct participation in the process.
Unique dendritic Bi2S3 with ultrathin nanosheets rich in S vacancy-defects toward promoting highly efficient photothermal CO2 reduction into CO
Authors: Zhu Yanjun , Han Qiutong , Qu He , Shen Yan , Zhou Xin , Zou Zhigang , Zhou Yong
Published: April 2024

The dendritic Bi2S3 with ultrathin nanosheets rich in S vacancies was synthesized. The ultrathin structure and S vacancies accelerate the reaction kinetics and thermodynamic process, thereby promoting the photothermal CO2 reduction reaction.
93% single-atom utilization in base-resistant metal–organic framework quantum dots for ampere-level CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Ni Wenpeng , He Xiaodong , Chen Houjun , Dai Minyang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuangyin , Zhang Shiguo
Published: April 2024

A single-atom utilization of 93% is realized by downsizing MOF particles into quantum dots featuring a shorter diffusion path and a stronger substrate–MOF electronic interaction, thus promoting mass and interfacial electron transfer.
Assessing the impact of insect protein sources on intestinal health and disease: insights from human ex vivo and rat in vivo models
Authors: Segú Helena , Jalševac Florijan , Sierra-Cruz Marta , Feliu Francesc , Movassat Jamileh , Rodríguez-Gallego Esther , Terra Ximena , Pinent Montserrat , Ardévol Anna , Blay M. Teresa
Published: April 2024

The healthy effect of Alphitobius diaperinus and Tenebrio molitor consumption at biochemical, immunological, and intestinal level, in human and rat models.
Plasma-catalytic one-step steam reforming of CH4 to CH3OH and H2 promoted by oligomerized [Cu–O–Cu] species on zeolites
Authors: Fang Wei , Wang Ximiao , Li Shangkun , Hao Yingzi , Yang Yuping , Zhao Wenping , Liu Rui , Li Dongxing , Li Chuang , Gao Xiaoxia , Wang Li , Guo Hongchen , Yi Yanhui
Published: April 2024

Oligomerized [Cu–O–Cu] species on Cu/MOR are reported to be efficient in promoting plasma catalytic one-step steam reforming of methane to methanol and hydrogen.
Production of lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) after enzymatic treatment of curl-induced, unbleached kraft pulps
Authors: Wu Jie , Dong Yintian , Sun Xia , Wang Peipei , Zhu Jiaying , Zhu Yeling , Jiang Feng , Saddler Jack
Published: April 2024

Curling treatment of unbleached Kraft pulp fibers creates disordered cellulose, enhancing enzyme accessibility for fiber modification. This facilitates micro/nano-fibrillation, improving mechanical performance for potential functional applications.
Upcycling spent lithium-ion battery cathodes into cobalt-polyphenol networks by DES dissolution and solvent-induced crystallization
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Chen Yu , Zhou Fengyi , Qin Rui , Tian Yurun , Xue Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: April 2024

A strategy is proposed to induce the self-assembly process of metal ions with polyphenol in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the generation of metal-polyphenol network particles (MPNPs).
Evaluating thrombosis risk and patient-specific treatment strategy using an atherothrombosis-on-chip model
Authors: Akther Fahima , Fallahi Hedieh , Zhang Jun , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Ta Hang Thu
Published: April 2024

An atherothrombosis-on-chip model to evaluate thrombosis risk and patient-specific treatment strategy.
Unraveling the inhibitory potential of Rosetta designed de novo cyclic peptides on PARP7 through molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Mehmood Aamir , Li Daixi
Published: April 2024

Cyclic peptides have the characteristics of antibodies and small molecules and have better advantages over small molecules.
Heterogeneous catalysts NiCoSe2 and NiCo2S4 for the effective synthesis of dihydropyrimidine-2-ones/thiones
Authors: M. Ramya , P. Shivakumar , D. H. Nagaraju , H. S. Lalithamba , G. Nagendra
Published: April 2024

We synthesized dihydropyrimidine-2-ones/thiones using NiCoSe2 and NiCo2S4. These catalysts are environmentally friendly and can be recycled over 5 cycles with negligible loss in performance.
Recent advances in targeted drug delivery for the treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Mao Meng , Wu Yingjie , He Qiang
Published: April 2024

This review has focused on the up-to-date development of targeted drug delivery systems to GBM, with specific emphasis on the utilization of nanorobotic delivery systems for active targeting.
Fine bubble technology for the green synthesis of fairy chemicals
Authors: Manna Arun Kumar , Doi Mizuki , Matsuo Keiya , Sakurai Hiroto , Subrahmanyam Ch. , Sato Kohei , Narumi Tetsuo , Mase Nobuyuki
Published: April 2024

Fairy chemicals (FCs) such as 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX), isolated from naturally occurring sources, are potential phytohormones in plants and efficiently synthesized by fine bubble technology consisting of micro- to nano-sized bubbles.
Direct synthesis of π-conjugated polymers with bromoaryl groups in side chains via a chemoselective intramolecular catalyst transfer system
Authors: Yokawa Kenta , Takamura Masumi , Higashihara Tomoya
Published: April 2024

Poly(thienylene phenylene) with bromoaryl groups on its side chains was directly synthesized without protection via the Migita–Kosugi–Stille coupling polycondensation based on a chemoselective intramolecular catalyst transfer system.
Cyclization reactions of 1,6-dienes and 1,6-enynes by dual cobalt photocatalysis
Authors: Li Pei-Ting , Shi Zi-Fa , Yu Wei
Published: April 2024

Two triphenylamine-derived organophotocatalysts were developed. Their photocatalytic capacity was exploited to enable the [CoIII]-H-mediated cycloisomerization of 1,6-dienes and reductive cyclization of 1,6-enynes under visible light irradiation.
Understanding erosion resistance mechanisms of sodium aluminate silicate hydrate in erosion environments: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Tang Qingyin , Sun Mengqi , Lu Xinghai , Hou Dongshuai , Li Mengmeng , Wang Pan
Published: April 2024

Sodium-aluminate-silicate-hydrate (NASH) gel, as the primary reaction product stimulated by alkali in silica-aluminum-rich minerals, influences the mechanical and durability properties of geopolymers.
Access to C(sp3) borylated and silylated cyclic molecules: hydrogenation of corresponding arenes and heteroarenes
Authors: Chhabra Arzoo , Reich Sabrina , Shannon Timothy M. , Maleczka Robert E. , Smith Milton R.
Published: April 2024

Readily available and bench stable catalyst. Tolerates a variety of functional groups including orthogonal functionality. Circumvents the limitations of sp3 C–H borylation.
Synergistic effects of a copper–cobalt–nitroisophthalic acid/neodymium oxide composite on the electrochemical performance of hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Khizar Asma , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Zakir Ayesha , Shaheen Misbah , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Faisal Mian Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Hybrid Supercapacitor based on copper–cobalt–nitroisophthalic acid/neodymium oxide composite.
Unprecedented iron-assisted room temperature synthesis of AgCN using acetonitrile
Authors: Gour Nand Kishor , Baruah Manash J. , Das Biraj , Sharma Mukesh
Published: April 2024

A straightforward and convenient approach for producing AgCN at room temperature using acetonitrile as a source has been developed, employing various iron salts.
Correction: Antimicrobial and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory flavonoid glycosides from the plant Mussaenda recurvata: in vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Ngoc Mai Tran Thi , Minh Phan Nhat , Phat Nguyen Tan , Duong Thuc Huy , Minh An Tran Nguyen , Dang Van Son , Van Hue Nguyen , Tri Mai Dinh
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Antimicrobial and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory flavonoid glycosides from the plant Mussaenda recurvata: in vitro and in silico approaches’ by Tran Thi Ngoc Mai et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 9326–9338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA00666F.
A novel bioresponsive self-immolative spacer based on aza-quinone methide reactivity for the controlled release of thiols, phenols, amines, sulfonamides or amides
Authors: Ermini Elena , Brai Annalaura , Cini Elena , Finetti Federica , Giannini Giuseppe , Padula Daniele , Paradisi Lucrezia , Poggialini Federica , Trabalzini Lorenza , Tolu Paola , Taddei Maurizio
Published: April 2024

The power of pyrrole: a 1,6-self-immolative spacer designed on the pyrrole structure enables direct late-stage functionalisation of drugs and their traceless release under enzymatic or reductive micellar catalysis in water.
Bacteria–surface interactions: role of impacting bacteria-laden droplets
Authors: Shyam Sudip , Misra Sirshendu , Mitra Surjyasish , Mitra Sushanta K.
Published: April 2024

Impact-induced transformation of bacteria from a viable to a dormant mode.
Unraveling the climate neutrality of wood derivatives and biopolymers
Authors: Sudheshwar Akshat , Vogel Kealie , Nyström Gustav , Malinverno Nadia , Arnaudo Monica , Gómez Camacho Carlos Enrique , Beloin-Saint-Pierre Didier , Hischier Roland , Som Claudia
Published: April 2024

This work compares fossil-based polymers to wood derivatives and polylactic acid using a lifecycle scenario analysis. The aim is to unravel the climate neutrality and advantages of bio-based polymers like wood derivatives.
Tailoring hydrophilic and hydrophobic microenvironments for gas–liquid–solid triphase electrochemical reactions
Authors: Ryu Jungki , Lee Dong Woog
Published: April 2024

The review summarizes recent studies aimed at controlling the hydrophilic and hydrophobic microenvironments of electrodes, addressing gas–liquid–solid triphase challenges encountered in both gas-evolving and gas-consuming reactions.
Energetic inversion of singlet/triplet interfacial charge-transfer states for reduced energy loss in organic solar cells
Authors: Miao Xiaodan , Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping
Published: April 2024

Significant CT inversion can be achieved via hybridization of the triplet CT state with high-lying local triplet states, which benefits to concurrently reduce the triplet recombination and driving force for higher-efficiency organic photovoltaics.
Charge-compensated co-doping stabilizes robust hafnium oxide ferroelectricity
Authors: Li Gang , Liu Yulin , Yan Shaoan , Ma Ningjie , Xiao Yongguang , Tang Minghua , Long Zhilin
Published: April 2024

Compensated co-doping not only achieves charge neutrality but is also highly favorable for the formation of polar phases and the absence of structural defects.
Steady states and kinetic modelling of the acid-catalysed ethanolysis of glucose, cellulose, and corn cob to ethyl levulinate
Authors: McNamara Conall , O’Shea Ailís , Rao Prajwal , Ure Andrew , Ayarde-Henríquez Leandro , Ghaani Mohammad Reza , Ross Andrew , Dooley Stephen
Published: April 2024

Ethyl levulinate is a promising advanced biofuel and platform chemical that can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass by ethanolysis processes.
Rechargeable iron-ion (Fe-ion) batteries: recent progress, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Yadav Jitendra Kumar , Rani Bharti , Saini Priyanka , Dixit Ambesh
Published: April 2024

With the ever-increasing demand for efficient and sustainable energy solutions, rechargeable Fe-ion batteries have emerged as a viable alternative to conventional rechargeable batteries.
Acute-Onset Acquired Stuttering Secondary to Concussion: A Case Report
Authors: Wagner Kelsey Jo , Hux Karen
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Acquired stuttering in young adults can present diagnostic and treatment challenges. This single case report documents the diagnosis of acquired, postconcussive, acute-onset stuttering in an 18-year-old man, describes key elements of a person-centered treatment program conducted via a telerehabilitation platform, and reports documented changes in speech production following intervention.

Method:

Person-centered care principles, disfluency education, strategies for managing stuttering episodes, and a home program were treatment components. Using the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES) and speech sample analyses, documentation of initial status and changes over time came from initial, 3-month, 6-month, and follow-up evaluations.

Results:

Initial OASES scores were consistent with moderate–severe impact for General Information, moderate impact to Daily Communication, and mild–moderate impact with respect to Speaker's Reactions, Quality of Life, and Overall Assessment. The initial speech sample analysis revealed severely disrupted speech production with disfluencies occurring on 60.47% of syllables. In contrast, the 6-month assessment revealed mild or mild–moderate OASES impact scores and disfluencies on 1.78% of syllables. Performance during a follow-up evaluation held 3 months following treatment termination confirmed maintenance of fluent speech production both when reading and engaging in conversation.

Conclusion:

Clear differentiation between neurogenic and functional contributions to acute-onset, acquired stuttering is not always possible. In some cases, a combination of precipitating factors may be evident. Regardless, presenting traditional fluency management strategies within a framework of person-centered care can be an effective treatment approach.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25463968
A compact 60‐GHz on‐chip bandpass filter in GaAs technology
Authors: Xu Kai‐Da , Xi Shangjing , Liu Hairui , Chen Shichang
Published: April 2024

A compact 60‐GHz on‐chip bandpass filter (BPF) is presented using gallium arsenide (GaAs) technology. To demonstrate the working mechanism of the proposed BPF, an inductor‐capacitor (LC) equivalent circuit model is conceived and analysed for further investigation of the transmission poles (TPs) and zeros. Finally, a prototype of the BPF is fabricated and tested to validate the proposed idea, whose simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The measurements show that it has a centre frequency of 60.2 GHz with a bandwidth of 14%, and the minimum insertion loss (IL) within the passband is 2.57 dB. The chip size, excluding the feedings, is about 0.265 mm × 0.184 mm.
Multi‐objective hierarchical optimisation design and experimental verification of an alterable‐magnetic‐circuit variable‐flux memory machine
Authors: Zhang Shukuan , Wang Fachen , Zhu Jingwei , Zheng Ping , Liu Guangwei
Published: April 2024

Rare‐earth permanent magnet synchronous machines face challenges in manipulating their magnetic fields, which hinders the ability to extend the operation speed range. Moreover, this inflexibility leads to reduced efficiency in high‐speed scenarios when the machine is under flux‐weakening control and increases the risk of the magnets becoming demagnetised. The authors propose an alterable‐magnetic‐circuit variable‐flux memory machine (AMC‐VFMM) and a multi‐objective hierarchical optimisation method is conducted to optimise the machine. Firstly, the topology and alterable‐magnetic‐circuit principle of the proposed AMC‐VFMM are introduced. Then, optimisation objectives including torque production capability, flux regulation capability, and resisting unintentional demagnetisation capability are defined, and the hierarchical optimisation approach is established by stratifying the optimisation objectives and variables through the sensitivity analysis. Finite element analysis indicates that electromagnetic performances of the optimised design scheme are significantly enhanced. The bench test of the prototype demonstrates the superiority of the proposed AMC‐VFMM and validates the effectiveness of the optimisation design method.
Mitigating voltage deviation, SOCs difference, and currents disparity in DC microgrids using a novel piecewise SOC‐based control method
Authors: Erfani Haghani Kerman Ehsan , Abavisani Mohammad Amin , Eydi Mohammad , Ghazi Reza
Published: April 2024

Proper current sharing, DC bus voltage deviation reduction, and SOCs balancing, along with ensuring stability are the vital challenges of DC microgrids control algorithms. Addressing these challenges without communication links and a central controller is one of the priorities of control methods. Motivated by the above mentions, this paper presents a novel communication‐free control method. In this regard, a new parameter called “virtual current” is defined according to the unit current and its SOC. Then using a piecewise droop curve and the droop curve shift technique, the virtual current for each unit is determined. The units control coefficients and the relationship of the virtual current are allocated based on the location and power of the loads and RESs such that in the worst case; 1) SOCs are converged; 2) the DC bus voltage deviation is reduced; and 3) the current is appropriately distributed. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed method can balance SOCs like SOC‐based methods and share power properly like piecewise droop methods while reducing DC bus voltage deviation.
MARSIS data as a new constraint for the orbit of Phobos
Authors: Desage L. , Herique A. , Lainey V. , Kofman W. , Cicchetti A. , Orosei R.
Published: April 2024

Context.The orbit of Phobos is currently known with a 1σprecision of 300 m, mostly directed along its track. Most previous determinations were made with the help of the Super-Resolution Channel (SRC) channel of the HRSC camera on board Mars Express (MEX). The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) on board MEX crosses the orbit of Phobos every 7 months on average and can be used to measure the distance between MEX and Phobos at the time of approach.

Aims.We compared data from the MARSIS radar on board MEX to simulations using different shape models in order to provide measurements of the position of Phobos that can be used as control points for the determination of its orbit.

Methods.We measured the range offset between SAR syntheses of MARSIS datasets and SAR syntheses of coherent simulations taken as a reference, and link this to the offset of Phobos along its trajectory.

Results.We provide a set of measurements of range offsets made with MARSIS alongside the corresponding Phobos along-track offsets that would produce those discrepancies. We also provide measurements of the distance between Phobos and MARSIS. We performed those measurements for two different Phobos shape models and two different Phobos ephemerides, discussing the potential source of error in the range measurements. An estimation of the MARSIS instrumental delay for band III is derived from this work.
A spectacular galactic scale magnetohydrodynamic powered wind in ESO 320-G030
Authors: Gorski M. D. , Aalto S. , König S. , Wethers C. F. , Yang C. , Muller S. , Onishi K. , Sato M. , Falstad N. , Mangum J. G. , Linden S. T. , Combes F. , Martín S. , Imanishi M. , Wada K. , Barcos-Muñoz L. , Stanley F. , García-Burillo S. , van der Werf P. P. , Evans A. S. , Henkel C. , Viti S. , Harada N. , Díaz-Santos T. , Gallagher J. S. , González-Alfonso E.
Published: April 2024

How galaxies regulate nuclear growth through gas accretion by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is one of the most fundamental questions in galaxy evolution. One potential way to regulate nuclear growth is through a galactic wind that removes gas from the nucleus. It is unclear whether galactic winds are powered by jets, mechanical winds, radiation, or via magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes. Compact obscured nuclei represent a significant phase of galactic nuclear growth. These galaxies hide growing SMBHs or unusual starbursts in their very opaque, extremely compact (r < 100 pc) centres. They are found in approximately 30% of the luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxy population. Here, we present high-resolution ALMA observations (∼30 mas, ∼5 pc) of ground-state and vibrationally excited HCN towards ESO 320-G030 (IRAS 11506-3851). ESO 320-G030 is an isolated luminous infrared galaxy known to host a compact obscured nucleus and a kiloparsec-scale molecular wind. Our analysis of these high-resolution observations excludes the possibility of a starburst-driven wind, a mechanically or energy driven active galactic nucleus wind, and exposes a molecular MDH wind. These results imply that the nuclear evolution of galaxies and the growth of SMBHs are similar to the growth of hot cores or protostars where gravitational collapse of the nuclear torus drives a MHD wind. These results mean galaxies are capable, in part, of regulating the evolution of their nuclei without feedback.
A too-many-dwarf-galaxy-satellites problem in the M 83 group
Authors: Müller Oliver , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Revaz Yves , Venhola Aku , Rejkuba Marina , Hilker Michael , Lutz Katharina
Published: April 2024

Dwarf galaxies in groups of galaxies provide excellent test cases for models of structure formation. This led to a so-called small-scale crisis, including the famous missing-satellites and too-big-to-fail problems. It was suggested that these two problems can be resolved by introducing baryonic physics to cosmological simulations. We tested the nearby grand spiral M 83 – a Milky Way sibling – to determine whether its number of dwarf galaxy companions is compatible with today’s Λ cold dark matter model using two methods: with cosmological simulations that include baryons and with theoretical predictions from the subhalo mass function. By employing distance measurements, we recovered a list of confirmed dwarf galaxies within 330 kpc of M 83 down to a magnitude of MV = −10. We find that both the state-of-the-art hydrodynamical cosmological simulation Illustris-TNG50 and theoretical predictions agree with the number of confirmed satellites around M 83 at the bright end of the luminosity function (> 108 solar masses) but underestimate it at the faint end (down to 106 solar masses) at more than 3σ and 5σ levels, respectively. This indicates a too-many-satellites problem for M 83 in the Λ cold dark matter model. The actual degree of tension with cosmological models is underestimated because the number of observed satellites is incomplete due to the high contamination of spurious stars and Galactic cirrus.
Evaluation von Netzwerken in der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung
am Beispiel „Gesunde Betriebe Kinzigtal“ – eine empirische
Analyse
Authors: Koopmann Verena , Berger Hendrike , Renyi Madeleine
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund Seit Jahren ist eine hohe Aktivität zum Zusammenschluss zu
Netzwerken in der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) zu verzeichnen.
Bislang gibt es nur wenige Evaluationen zu diesen Netzwerkbildungen. Ziel dieser
Studie ist die Evaluation von Netzwerken in der BGF am Beispiel des regionalen
Netzwerkes „Gesunde Betriebe Kinzigtal“. Das Netzwerk unterstützt Betriebe im
Kinzigtal bei der Implementierung und Umsetzung von BGF.

Methode Mittels einer Online-Befragung bewerteten die zuständigen
Mitarbeitenden der beteiligten Unternehmen das Netzwerk und die Maßnahmen zur
BGF. Schwerpunkte bilden die Konstrukte Zufriedenheit und Nutzen sowie die
Wahrnehmung von Netzwerken in der BGF.

Ergebnis Von den 21 am Netzwerk beteiligten Unternehmen, nahmen 13 an der
Studie teil, dies entspricht einer Rücklaufquote von 62%. Die Analyse ergab eine
positive Bewertung der Netzwerkarbeit. Die Unternehmen sind mit dem Netzwerk
„Gesunde Betriebe Kinzigtal“ sowie den Maßnahmen zur BGF zufrieden und ziehen
einen Nutzen hieraus. Weiterhin nehmen die Unternehmen das Netzwerk als
hilfreich wahr und können von der Teilnahme profitieren.

Schlussfolgerung Netzwerke stellen eine Unterstützung bei der Einführung
und dauerhaften Umsetzung von BGF dar.
Die N400-Komponente im EEG als Marker für Spracherwerb und Wortverarbeitung nach CI-Versorgung
Authors: Hahne Anja , Vavatzanidis Niki K. , Zahnert Thomas
Published: April 2024

Sprachliche Verarbeitungsprozesse können objektiv gemessen werden, z.B. mithilfe später Komponenten im evozierten Hirnpotenzial. Die etablierteste Komponente in diesem Forschungsbereich ist die N400-Komponente, eine Negativierung mit einem Peak bei frühestens 400ms nach Stimulusbeginn und einem zentro-parietalen Maximum. Sie spiegelt semantische Verarbeitungsprozesse wider. Ihr Vorhandensein sowie ihre zeitliche und quantitative Ausprägung lassen Rückschlüsse auf die Güte der Sprachverarbeitung zu. Somit ist sie geeignet, das Sprachverstehen von besonderen Populationsgruppen zu erfassen, z.B. um den Fortschritt im Sprachverstehen bei Nutzern von Cochlea-Implantaten (CI) zu messen. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die Verwendung der N400-Komponente im Bereich der CI-Forschung gegeben. Es werden Studien mit erwachsenen CI-Nutzern vorgestellt, bei denen die N400 die Qualität des Sprachverstehens mit der elektrischen Stimulation abbildet. Darüber hinaus werden Studien mit CI-versorgten Kindern besprochen, bei denen das Auftreten der N400-Komponente den Erwerb des Wortschatzes reflektiert.
Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zur aktuellen Behandlung der chronischen Rhinosinusitis mit nasalen Polypen
Authors: Deuss Eric , Becker Sven , Meyer Moritz , Hussain Timon , Eckrich Jonas , Lang Stephan , Klimek Ludger , Ernst Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Einleitung Mit einer Prävalenz von 0,55–4% ist die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit nasalen Polypen (CRSwNP) ein relevanter Bestandteil der täglichen Arbeit in deutschen HNO-Kliniken. Ziel der Fragebogen-basierten Datenerhebung war es, den aktuellen Behandlungsstand der CRSwNP in deutschen Krankenhäusern zu erfassen.

Material und Methoden Hierzu erfolgte der Versand von 24 Fragen innerhalb eines anonymisierten Onlinefragenbogens an deutsche HNO-Kliniken.

Ergebnisse Von 160 angeschriebenen HNO-Kliniken nahmen 50 an der Umfrage teil (31,3%). Davon führten 76% mehr als 100 Nasennebenhöhlenoperationen jährlich und 38% Biologikatherapien an bisher mehr als 50 Patienten durch. Mit 80% bzw. 60% stellten Kochsalzspülungen und intranasale Glukokortikoide (GKS) die häufigsten konservativen Therapiemaßnahmen dar. Systemische GKS-Gaben und nasale GKS-Spülungen waren mit 52% und 20% weniger verbreitet. 80% der Kliniken nutzen Biologika in der Therapie der CRSwNP, wovon 70% Dupilumab bevorzugten. Zur Therapie bei Aspirin (ASS) -Intoleranz wurden in 52% Biologika einer Desaktivierung mit ASS (26%) vorgezogen. Vor Biologikagabe wurden in 90% der Nasal Polyp Score, in 84% der SNOT-22-Fragebogen, in 60–72% Surrogatmarker einer Typ-2-Inflammation und in 50% eine Computertomografie der Nasennebenhöhlen (CT NNH) bestimmt bzw. angefertigt. Der abschließende Therapieerfolg wurde in 50% nach 24 Wochen bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Zumeist folgten die antwortenden Kliniken den deutschen und europäischen Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie der CRSwNP. Die Therapie mit Biologika ist mittlerweile weit verbreitet. Die häufige präoperative Gabe systemischer GKS und Durchführung einer CT NNH vor Therapiestart mit einem Biologikum sind bei aktuell weiter Verbreitung diskutabel.
Ängste lösen und beruhigen
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: April 2024

In der Phytotherapie spielen angstlösende Heilpflanzen und deren Präparate, die ihr Wirkspektrum ohne Nebenwirkungen oder die Gefahr der Abhängigkeit entfalten, eine wichtige Rolle. Schmalblättriger Lavendel, Fleischfarbene Passionsblume und Kava-Kava werden porträtiert, ihre Wirkweisen, Einsatzgebiete und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten erläutert. Die vorgestellten Rezepturen, in denen die Präparate mit anderen Heilpflanzen kombiniert werden, haben sich bei der Behandlung leichter bis mittlerer Angststörungen bewährt.
Verängstigt
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: April 2024

Angstreaktionen sind Mechanismen, die uns helfen, in Gefahrensituationen schnell zu reagieren. Stehen sie in keinem angemessenen Verhältnis zur tatsächlichen Bedrohung oder laufen sie im falschen Moment ab, spricht man von Angststörungen. Was passiert eigentlich bei Angstreaktionen, und wann wird Angst zur Erkrankung? Die Autorin stellt die häufigsten Formen der Angststörungen dar – und wie sie nach der Klassifikation der ICD-10 diagnostiziert werden. Wie eine Angststörung zu behandeln ist, hängt ab von ihrer Ausprägung, dem Ausmaß der mit ihr verbundenen Einschränkungen sowie Komorbiditäten: Differenzialdiagnosen werden hier ausführlich beschrieben.
Angst ist die Emotion der Nieren
Authors: Bögel-Witt Martina
Published: April 2024

In der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM) ist Angst die grundsätzlich physiologische Emotion des Zang-Organs Niere. Bei Angststörungen sollte daher zunächst geprüft werden, ob sie auf eine emotionale Disharmonie in der Niere zurückzuführen ist. Man unterscheidet Angstzustände des Leber-, Herz-, Milz-, Lungen- und Nierentyps, die mit spezifischen Akupunkturrezepten und ergänzend mit Tuina und Qi Gong behandelt werden. Im vorgestellten Fall reduzieren sich als Rückenbeschwerden maskierte Angstzustände durch eine Kombination aus Akupunktur, Tuina, Yang Sheng (Lebenspflege) sowie eine vertrauensvolle Therapeut-Patient-Beziehung.
Lipid Profile Evolution in Graves’ Disease Treated with Titration
Regimen of Anti-Thyroid Drugs Versus Block and Replace Regimen
Authors: Stancu Ana-Maria , Pop Oana , Purice Mariana , Badiu Corin
Published: April 2024

The aim was to compare the lipid profile of patients with GD treated with
anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) using a titration regimen versus a block and replace
regimen. This is an 18-month prospective observational study. In this study were
included 149 medically treated GD patients, aged+>+18 years. Pregnant women
and patients treated with radioactive iodine therapy or partial/total
thyroidectomy were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups: titration
(A) and block and replace (B) therapy, according to the ATD regimen used.
Thyroid and metabolic profile was measured at baseline and at least one visit
during medical treatment. The whole group included 122 (81.87%) females (F) and
27 (18.12%) males (M), ratio F:M=4.5:1. As expected, at the time of diagnosis,
thyrotoxic patients were with normal lipid profile. During medical treatment, in
patients who achieved euthyroidism, the cholesterol levels increased as follows:
in subgroup A: by 52.9 mg/dl (95% CI: 26.4–79.3), p<0.001 for total
cholesterol (T-C), by 33.3 mg/dl (95% CI: 10.3–56.3), p=0.007 for low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and by 11.44 mg/dl (95% CI: 3.08–19.79), p=0.009
for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); in subgroup B T-C increased by
45.1 mg/dl (95% CI: 22.2–68), p<0.001 and for LDL-C by 33.57 mg/dl (95% CI:
12.72–54.42), p=0.003. No statistically significant increase in triglyceride
levels was determined. Medical treatment of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’
disease increased cholesterol levels regardless of the ATD regimen used.
Adenokarzinome des ösophagogastralen Überganges: Double-Tract-Rekonstruktion – Evidenz und Technik
Authors: Berlth Felix , Fetzner Ulrich Klaus , Mihaljevic Andre L. , Grimminger Peter
Published: April 2024

Adenokarzinome des ösophagogastralen Überganges (AEG) stellen nach wie vor eine chirurgisch herausfordernde Tumorentität dar. Entgegen dem Trend der thorakoabdominellen Resektion bei AEG-I- und AEG-II-Tumoren hat sich in den letzten Jahren die proximale Gastrektomie durch moderne Rekonstruktionsverfahren wie die Double-Tract-Rekonstruktion einen Stellenwert in der Chirurgie von AEG-Tumoren und proximalen Magenkarzinomen zurückerobert. Die proximale Gastrektomie mit Double-Tract-Rekonstruktion stellt so bei geeigneten AEG-II-Tumoren eine Alternative zur thorakoabdominellen Ösophagusresektion mit Rekonstruktion durch Magenhochzug dar sowie bei AEG-III-Tumoren eine Alternative zur totalen Gastrektomie. Im Vergleich zur totalen Gastrektomie zeigen vergleichende Studien einen funktionellen Vorteil für die Rekonstruktion mittels Double Tract nach proximaler Gastrektomie. Die präzise onkologische Indikationsstellung hinsichtlich des Resektionsausmaßes muss hingegen für lokal
fortgeschrittene Tumoren noch weiter untersucht werden, ebenso der Einfluss der Restmagengröße auf das funktionelle Outcome, da sich hier die asiatischen Techniken für Frühkarzinome deutlich von den europäischen unterscheiden können. Im Folgenden soll die bestehende Evidenz der proximalen Gastrektomie mit Double-Tract-Rekonstruktion dargelegt und technische Aspekte der Rekonstruktionsmethode im Kontext von Tumoren des ösophagogastralen Überganges beleuchtet werden.
Evaluation von neuen Versorgungsformen für Menschen mit psychischen
Erkrankungen: Pro & Contra zum Einsatz von GKV-Routinedaten – Ein
Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Neumann Anne , Kliemt Roman , Baum Fabian , Seifert Martin , Kubat Denise , March Stefanie , Weinhold Ines , Swart Enno , Schmitt Jochen
Published: April 2024

Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die Besonderheiten in der Evaluation von
Versorgungsformen bei Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen in Deutschland dar.
Es werden die Erfahrungen der Evaluation von Modellvorhaben in der
psychiatrischen Versorgungsforschung basierend auf Routinedaten gesetzlicher
Krankenversicherungen (GKV) von über 70 gesetzlichen Krankenkassen
(EVA64-Studie) systematisch dargestellt. Am Beispiel der EVA64-Studie werden
Empfehlungen für den Einsatz von GKV-Routinedaten im Bereich psychiatrischer
Versorgungsforschung und allgemein abgeleitet. (1) Zunächst wird die Studie und
der Einsatz der genannten Daten in dieser beschrieben und eingeordnet. (2) Dann
werden die einzelnen Outcomes der Studie dargestellt und bewertet, (3) um danach
Kriterien, Stärken und Einsatzmöglichkeiten dieser Daten darzustellen. (4)
Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für die Weiterentwicklung von GKV-Routinedaten
als Bewertungsgrundlage formuliert.
Epilepsy in Association with Giant Skull Base Tumors: A Retrospective Case Series of Giant Skull Base Tumors in the Anterior and Middle Fossa
Authors: Edelbach Brandon , Lopez-Gonzalez Miguel Angel
Published: April 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate the association between giant anterior and middle fossa skull base tumors and epilepsy, and implications for clinical management.

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients diagnosed with anterior skull base tumors between 2016 and 2023. Radiologic data were used to identify tumors with major diameter larger than 5 cm involving skull base with intracranial involvement. Relevant demographic information, tumor characteristics, seizure type, seizure frequency, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results Among the 236 patients diagnosed and operated with skull base tumors by senior author, 7.63% (n = 18) had giant skull base tumors of anterior and middle fossa, and 2.96% (n = 7) presented with concurrent epilepsy. Overall, in giant anterior and middle fossa skull base tumors, epilepsy was present in 38% of cases. The average age at operation was 47.56 ± 16.96, with 44.4% of cases being male and 55.6% of the cases being female. The majority of these cases exhibited focal epilepsy (71%), characterized by seizures originating from the proximity of the tumor location suggesting a potential correlation between tumor location and seizure generation. Of the remaining, 29% were generalized seizures. Tumors of the anterior fossa included 11 meningiomas, 3 pituitary adenomas, 1 chondrosarcoma, 1 hemangiopericytoma, 1 schwannoma, and 1 adenoid cyst carcinoma; half of which (n = 9) were of low grade.

Conclusion Our findings provide evidence of low frequency of epilepsy in skull base tumors in general, with an association among giant anterior and middle fossa skull base tumor and epilepsy.
Current Evidence in the Management of Central Skull Base Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: P. Lokesh Kumar , Upreti Garima , Paramasivam Sabarisan , Ganesan Sivaraman , Alexander Arun , Thomas Regi
Published: April 2024

Objectives Based on current evidence, this systematic review focuses on various gray areas related to these patients' diagnosis, management, and follow-up in central skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO).

Study Design A systematic review of all case reports and observational studies.

Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus database, Cochrane database, U.K. clinicaltrails.gov registry, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and included all reports as per our inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed systematically, and we made essential observations.

Results Out of 179 articles, 25 were selected according to inclusion criteria and quality assessment. Among the 44 patients, refractory headache (95%) was the most common presentation, followed by cranial nerve paralysis (82%) and Pseudomonas (32%) as the most common bacteria. Contrary to the available literature the disease cure was worse in those who underwent targeted biopsy (64% vs. 36%, p = 0.023) and surgical debridement (61% vs. 39%, p = 0.013) in the late stages of the disease.

Conclusion Otogenic osteomyelitis can spread to central skull bones in the absence of obvious ear symptoms. Early diagnosis and intervention of CSBO before progression to late stages can help decrease significant morbidity and mortality.
Prognostic impact of deprivation on esophagogastroduodenoscopy outcome
Authors: Eley Catherine , Hawkes Neil D , Barlow Emma , Egan Richard John , Lewis Wyn
Published: April 2024

Background and study aims Socioeconomic deprivation has long been associated with many gastrointestinal diseases, yet its influence on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) diagnosis has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of deprivation on outcomes of EGD irrespective of referral reason.

Patients and methods Two thousand consecutive patients presenting to four Health Boards in Wales beginning in June 2019 were studied retrospectively with deprivation scores calculated using the Wales Indices of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD). Patients were subclassified into quintiles for analysis (Q1 most, Q5 least deprived).

Results Inhabitants of the most deprived areas were more likely to be diagnosed with peptic ulcer (Q1 7.9%, Q5 4.7%; odds ratio [OR] 0.498, P=0.018), severe esophagitis (LA4, Q1 2.7% v Q5 0%, OR 0.089, P 0.002), Helicobacter pylori infection (Q1 5.4%, Q5 1.7%; OR 0.284, P=0.002), but less likely to be diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus (Q1 6.3% v Q5 12.3%, OR 2.146, P=0.004) than those from the least deprived areas. New cancer diagnoses numbered 53 and were proportionately higher after presentation for urgent suspected cancer (USC, n=35, 4.6%) than for routine referrals (n=3, 0.6%, P< 0.001). Deprivation was associated with more advanced stage cancer (stage III Q1 16.7% v Q5 5.6%, OR 0.997, P=0.006: stage IV Q1 16.7% v Q2 38.9% v Q5 22.2%, OR 0.998, P=0.049).

Conclusions Deprivation was associated with two-fold more peptic ulcer disease, three-fold more H. pylori infection, and 12-fold more severe esophagitis, and more advanced cancer stage.
Shaping Perceptions and Inspiring Future Neurosurgeons: The Value of a Hands-On Simulated Aneurysm Clipping Workshops at a Student-Organized Neurosurgical Conference
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Ismahel Hassan , Shah Devansh , Middleton Eilidh Elizabeth Stewart , Gardee Ameerah , Chaudhary Attika , Salloum Laulwa Al , Evans Vivienne , Nelson-Hughes Meaghan , Cheng Yihui , Goonewardena Eranga , Ball Emma , Minnis Meghan , Anyaegbunam Gregory Kosisochukwu , Salim Omar , Bashir Aneesah Bashir Binti Azad , Hay Sophie , Ismahel Nadeen , Ismahel Sophia , Mackenzie Ian , Wang Wenxing , Shew Wenmiao , Wynne Simon , Doherty John , Hassan Samih , Brown Jennifer , Bhattathiri Parameswaran , Davidson Amy , Alakandy Likhith
Published: April 2024

Objective Early exposure to niche specialities, like neurosurgery, is essential to inform decisions about future training in these specialities. This study assesses the impact of a hands-on simulated aneurysm clipping workshop on medical students' and junior doctors' perceptions of neurosurgery at a student-organized neurosurgical conference.

Methods Ninety-six delegates were sampled from a hands-on workshop involving hydrogel three-dimensional printed aneurysms clipping using surgical microscopes. Consultant neurosurgeons facilitated the workshop. Changes in delegates' perceptions of neurosurgery were collected using Likert scale and free-text responses postconference.

Results Postworkshop, 82% of participants reported a positive impact on their perception of neurosurgery. Thematic analysis revealed that delegates valued the hands-on experience, exposure to microsurgery, and interactions with consultant neurosurgeons. Thirty-six of the 96 delegates (37.5%) expressed that the workshop dispelled preconceived fears surrounding neurosurgery and improved understanding of a neurosurgeon's day-to-day tasks. Several delegates initially apprehensive about neurosurgery were now considering it as a career.

Conclusion Hands-on simulated workshops can effectively influence medical students' and junior doctors' perceptions of neurosurgery, providing valuable exposure to the specialty. By providing a valuable and immersive introduction to the specialty, these workshops can help to dispel misconceptions, fears, and apprehensions associated with neurosurgery, allowing them to consider the specialty to a greater degree than before. This study of a one-time workshop cannot effectively establish its long-term impact on said perceptions, however.
Narcolepsy: an interface among neurology, immunology, sleep, and genetics
Authors: Coelho Fernando Morgadinho Santos
Published: April 2024

Narcolepsy is a primary disorder of the central nervous system resulting from genetic, environmental, and immunological interactions defined as excessive daytime sleepiness plus cataplexy, hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and sleep fragmentation. The pathophysiology is not entirely known, but the interaction among genetic predisposition, environmental exposition, and immune component with consequent hypocretin-1 deficiency is the model to explain narcolepsy type I. The mechanism of narcolepsy type II is less understood. There is a delay of over ten years for the diagnosis of narcolepsy around the world. Patients with narcolepsy have many comorbidities with a negative impact on quality of life. The treatment of narcolepsy must contain an educational approach for the family, coworkers, and patients. Scheduled naps and sleep hygiene are essential to minimize the dose of medications. Much progress has been seen in the pharmacological treatment of narcolepsy with new stimulants, different presentations of oxybate, and recent studies with orexin agonists. Narcolepsy is a rare disease that needs to be more understood and highlighted to avoid delayed diagnosis and severe disabilities in patients.
The new era of artificial intelligence in neuroradiology: current research and promising tools
Authors: Carvalho Macruz Fabíola Bezerra de , Dias Ana Luiza Mandetta Pettengil , Andrade Celi Santos , Nucci Mariana Penteado , Rimkus Carolina de Medeiros , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Rocha Antônio José da , Kitamura Felipe Campos
Published: April 2024

Radiology has a number of characteristics that make it an especially suitable medical discipline for early artificial intelligence (AI) adoption. These include having a well-established digital workflow, standardized protocols for image storage, and numerous well-defined interpretive activities. The more than 200 commercial radiologic AI-based products recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to assist radiologists in a number of narrow image-analysis tasks such as image enhancement, workflow triage, and quantification, corroborate this observation. However, in order to leverage AI to boost efficacy and efficiency, and to overcome substantial obstacles to widespread successful clinical use of these products, radiologists should become familiarized with the emerging applications in their particular areas of expertise. In light of this, in this article we survey the existing literature on the application of AI-based techniques in neuroradiology, focusing on conditions such as vascular diseases, epilepsy, and demyelinating and neurodegenerative conditions. We also introduce some of the algorithms behind the applications, briefly discuss a few of the challenges of generalization in the use of AI models in neuroradiology, and skate over the most relevant commercially available solutions adopted in clinical practice. If well designed, AI algorithms have the potential to radically improve radiology, strengthening image analysis, enhancing the value of quantitative imaging techniques, and mitigating diagnostic errors.
Dundee Annual Neurosurgery Skills Event (DANSE)—Improving the Availability and Affordability of Neurosurgical Skills Workshops for Medical Students
Authors: Hutton Dana , Ashraf Mohammed , Sescu Daniel , Ismahel Hassan , Hepburn Katie , Lumsden Emma , Wright Poppy , Chai Carmen , Helley Michael , McSorley Nathan , Mohamed Belal , Abdulrahman Mohammed , Page Beverley , Porter Roslyn , Bodkin Peter , Okasha Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Background Neurosurgery can be a daunting career choice for medical students, with preparation for trainee application often being inaccessible and expensive. This article describes a student-led neurosurgical skills event supported by local neurosurgery faculty members. Such event was designed to offer a means to bridge this gap by providing an opportunity to practice neurosurgical techniques in simulation, and learn about what a career in neurosurgery involves.

Methods Pre- and postskills laboratory surveys were used to ascertain the baseline confidence and knowledge of common neurosurgical techniques, as well as to what both the application to neurosurgery and the typical workload of a neurosurgeon involves. The conference offered six neurosurgical workshops as well as three lectures to provide practical and theoretical learning opportunities. The session included introduction to the candidates and faculty, identification of learning objectives, and career discussion. Postcourse feedback also was also used to assess learning outcomes.

Results Eighteen students attended the event. Postskills event, students were significantly more likely to understand the principles behind all of the relevant neurosurgical skills included on the day. Additionally, students were more likely to understand what a career in neurosurgery involves, and how to approach applying for a training number. Respondents enjoyed the workshops, valued hands-on experience and interactions with consultants, found it affordable, and would recommend to their peers.

Conclusions For medical students interested in a career in neurosurgery, opportunities to learn relevant techniques and skills are often expensive and difficult to come across. Here, we highlight affordable methods of simulation to result in significant student satisfaction. Additionally, providing ample opportunity to practice different neurosurgical techniques under almost 1:1 level tutoring enables significant increases in students' confidence and understanding of different neurosurgical concepts. We greatly encourage other medical student groups to develop their own hands-on simulation events to attract medical students to a surgical field often considered daunting and inaccessible, and address gaps in the medical school curriculum.