bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leasing K-Center, nova restrição e abordagem heurística
Authors: D. Neto Valdomiro R. , Ribeiro A. , Londe G. P. P. , Silva W. R. da
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho aborda o problema Leasing K-Center, com uma nova restrição na sua formulação, para melhor refletir sua proposta original. Como solução é apresentada a metaheurística VNS, com resultados que superam outros métodos propostos (BRKGA, LS-LUBC e resolvedor Gurobi) e com velocidade superior para a maioria das instâncias.
Sobre o número de cruzamentos do grafo de Kneser K(n,2)
Authors: Sousa A. D. R. de , Carneiro J. C. , Faria L. , Pabon M. V.
Published: July 2022

O número de cruzamentos $\nu(G)$ de um grafo $G=(V,E)$ é o menor número de cruzamentos em um desenho $D(G)$ no plano de $G$. Dada uma reta $r$, chamada espinha, $p\geq 1$, e $S_1,\ldots,S_p$ serem $p$ semiplanos distintos limitados por $r$, um desenho de $G=(V,E)$ em $p$-páginas tem os vértices de $V$ desenhados em $r$ e cada aresta de $G$ é desenhada em um $S_1,\ldots,S_p$. O número de cruzamentos em $p$-páginas $\nu_p(G)$ de $G$ é o menor número de cruzamentos em um desenho de $G$ em $p$ páginas. Nós provamos que se $n=2q\geq 6$, então $\frac{n^8} {2^{13}} - 9\frac{n^7}{2^{13}} - \frac{n^6}{2^{10}} - \frac{n^4} {2^{7}} - \frac{n^3}{2^{9}} \leq \nu(K(n,2))\leq \nu_2(K(n,2))\ leq \frac{n^8}{2^{10}} - \frac{3n^7}{2^8} + \frac{31n^6}{2^83} + \ frac{7n^5}{2^6} - \frac{563n^4}{2^73} + \frac{517n^3}{2^53} - \ frac{267n^2}{2^5} + \frac{107n}{2^33}$. Como os grafos completos $\nu_2(K(n,2))=\Theta(|V(K(n,2)|^4)=\nu(K(n,2))$ cujo termo líder $\ell(n)$ satisfaz $\frac{1}{2^{13}}\leq \ell(n)\leq \frac{1}{2^{10}}$.
Proper edge colorings of complete graphs without repeated triangles
Authors: Botler Fábio , Colucci Lucas , Matias Paulo , Mota Guilherme , Parente Roberto , Secco Matheus
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we consider the problem of computing the minimum number of colors needed to properly color the edges of a complete graph on $n$ vertices so that there are no pair of vertex-disjoint triangles colored with the same colors. This problem was introduced recently (in a more general context) by Conlon and Tyomkyn, and the corresponding value was known for odd $n$. We compute this number for another infinite set of values of $n$, and discuss some small cases.
Finura em Grafos Cordais
Authors: Amorim Bernardo , Santos Vinicius F. dos
Published: July 2022

A finura de um grafo é uma medida do "quão distante" um grafo está de um grafo de intervalo, sendo estes exatamente os grafos de finura 1. Neste artigo introduzimos um conceito análogo, a finura cordal, apresentando limites superiores e resultados parciais a respeito de sua complexidade computacional. Além disso, também determinamos a complexidade de problemas clássicos em grafos de finura cordal limitada. Em particular, mostramos que CONJUNTO INDEPENDENTE permanece NP-Difícil mesmo em grafos de finura cordal 3. Por outro lado, mostramos que é possível generalizar o resultado de polinomialidade de CLIQUE em grafos cordais para grafos de finura cordal 2.
Dimension Reduction for Projective Clustering
Authors: Lima Rafael Zuolo Coppini
Published: July 2022

The high dimensionality of data may be a barrier to algorithmic efficiency, mainly because of the well known “curse of dimensionality” that imposes exponential time and/or memory complexity for algorithms. It is natural then to search for ways to break this curse by relaxing the problem with approximate versions and by finding good ways to reduce the dimension of data. Our aim is to integrate and state slightly stronger results of approximation via dimension reduction for clustering under the l_2^2 metric. The dimension reduction is achieved by combining randomized techniques (the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma) and deterministic techniques (the singular value decomposition).
Uma Heurística Baseada em Programação Linear Inteira para o Problema do Empacotamento de Soma Mínima
Authors: Schouery Rafael C. S.
Published: July 2022

Consideramos o Problema do Empacotamento de Soma Mínima, em que, dado um conjunto de itens com os seus respectivos pesos, desejamos empacotá-los em recipientes de capacidade limitada com o objetivo de minimizar a soma, sobre todos os itens, do índice do recipiente onde o item foi empacotado. Apresentamos uma heurística baseada em Programação Linear Inteira que mesmo com um tempo limite de um minuto foi capaz de encontrar soluções com um gap médio de 1,15% para 64% das instâncias consideradas. Para as instâncias restantes, onde não foi possível calcular um limitante superior a tempo, a heurística foi capaz de melhorar a solução em 13% em média quando comparado com a heurística inicial utilizada.
A generalization of the block decomposition for k-connected graphs
Authors: León Jared
Published: July 2022

The decomposition of a connected graph by the set of its cut-vertices, sometimes called the "block decomposition" or "block tree" of a graph, is a well known and basic concept in graph theory. This decomposition, however, does not provide any meaningful information when applied to a $k$-connected graph for $k \geq 2$. There has been a number of attempts to generalize the construction of the block decomposition of a graph for the case of $k$-connected graphs. In this work, we present an outline of one such attempt by Karpov. We also present some applications of this decomposition to the study of planarity, the chromatic number, and critically $2$-connected graphs.
Galáxias como backbone em colorações backbone
Authors: Araujo Julio , Cezar Alexandre , Castro Rayane
Published: July 2022

Dados um inteiro q ≥ 2, um grafo simples G e um subgrafo gerador H, o número cromático (circular) q-backbone, denotado por BBCq(G, H) (resp. CBCq(G, H)), é o menor inteiro k tal que G tem uma k-coloração própria satisfazendo que se uv ∈ E(H), então |f(u) − f(v)| ≥ q (resp. k − q ≥ |f(u) − f(v)| ≥ q). Neste trabalho, mostramos que para grafo G planar e M um emparelhamento, então CBCq (G, M) ≤ q + 5, para q ∈ {2, 3}, sem usar o Teorema das Quatro Cores. Além disso, nós corrigimos um lema apresentado em Havet, King, Liedloff & Todinca (2014).
On the Partial Grundy Number of a Graph Minus a Matching
Authors: Domingues Kenny , Silva Ana
Published: July 2022

Given a k-coloring S1, . . . , Sk of G, a vertex in Si is said to be greedy if it has neighbors in Sj, for every j < i. Thus, a Grundy coloring can be seen as a coloring where every vertex is greedy. In contrast, a partial Grundy coloring is defined as a coloring in which each color class has at least one greedy vertex; the maximum number of colors in a partial Grundy coloring is denoted by ∂Γ(G). In this paper, we investigate some conjectures about Grundy colorings, already known not to hold, adapted to partial Grundy colorings. We prove that, while two of them also do not hold, a third does. Namely, that given a graph G and a matching M of G, we have that ∂Γ(G) ≤ 2∂Γ(G − M).
Formulações para o Problema da k-Floresta Geradora Mínima
Authors: Costa José Robertty de Freitas , Sousa Gabriel Hellen de , Campêlo Manoel
Published: July 2022

Introduzimos duas formulações de programação inteira para o problema da k-Floresta Geradora Mínima. Avaliamos seu desempenho computacional com instâncias de teste. Comparamos a quantidade de soluções ótimas encontradas e o tempo médio demandado em função do parâmetro k.
Número (p,1)-total de near-ladders e Petersen generalizados
Authors: Omai M. M. , Campos C. N. , Luiz A. G.
Published: July 2022

Uma k-rotulação (p, 1)-total de um grafo simples G é uma função π: V(G) ∪ E(G) → {0, . . . , k} em que: |π(uv)−π(u)| ≥ p e |π(uv)−π(v)| ≥ p para uv ∈ E(G); π(uv) ≠ π(vw) para uv, vw ∈ E(G); e π(u) ≠ π(v) para uv ∈ E(G). O menor inteiro k para o qual G admite uma k-rotulação (p, 1)-total é denotado por λ_p^t(G). Neste trabalho, provamos que: λ_p^t(G) = p + 4, p ≥ 3, para os grafos near-ladder não bipartidos e para os grafos de Petersen generalizados P(ℓ, 2), ℓ ≥ 6; e λ_2^t(G) = 5 para P(ℓ, 2), ℓ ≥ 6
On Tuza's conjecture in even co-chain graphs
Authors: Chahua Luis , Gutiérrez Juan
Published: July 2022

In 1981, Tuza conjectured that the cardinality of a minimum set of edges that intersects every triangle of a graph is at most twice the cardinality of a maximum set of edge-disjoint triangles. This conjecture has been proved for several important graph classes, as planar graphs, tripartite graphs, among others. However, it remains open on other important classes of graphs, as chordal graphs. Furthermore, it remains open for main subclasses of chordal graphs, as split graphs and interval graphs. In this paper, we show that Tuza’s conjecture is valid for even co-chain graphs, a known subclass of interval graphs.
Problemas de Particionamento de Grafos em Árvores Monocromáticas
Authors: Costa Diego Rangel Piranga , Santos Vinicius Fernandes dos , Moura Phablo F. S.
Published: July 2022

Problemas de partição de grafos é uma importante classe de problemas de grafos que são capazes de modelar tarefas do mundo real, como, alocação concorrente de processadores e integração de sistemas de larga escala (VLSI). Mesmo tais problemas sendo NP-difíceis, existe muito esforço em desenvolver métodos para tratar tais problemas. Neste trabalho apresentamos resultados do ponto de vista de complexidade computacional para o Problema de Partição de Grafos em Árvores Monocromáticas conhecido como PGMT, onde demonstramos a NP-dificuldade mesmo para versões restritas do problema. Além disso, apresentamos um limitante inferior para o tempo de execução de algoritmos baseados na Hipótese do Tempo Exponencial (ETH) e também apresentamos dois algoritmos, um baseado em programação dinâmica quando consideramos que o grafo da entrada é uma árvore e um outro algoritmo parametrizado pela largura arbórea e pelo número de cores.
Minimizing Infection in a Topology using Mathematical Programming
Authors: Ataide Wesly C. , Castellucci Pedro B. , Franco Álvaro J. P. , Santiago Rafael de
Published: July 2022

Minimizing the spread of an infection is a key strategy for controlling an epidemic. In urban regions, the spread can be reduced by restricting movement between adjacent districts. We propose a non-linear integer programming model to minimize the number of infected people in a network. The network considers the relations between districts and the movement of people in a city. We develop methods to build and improve solutions. The model and the methods are evaluated on an instance based on real data. Finally, the results indicate how challenging the problem is from an optimization and numeric perspective.
Recognizing which Cographs are Set Graphs
Authors: Bandeira Bruno , Cerioli Márcia R. , Viana Petrucio
Published: July 2022

A set graph is a graph admitting an extensional acyclic orientation. The set graph recognition problem was first considered and proved to be NP-complete by A. Tomescu in 2012. In this work, we introduce two concepts that can be used for the efficient recognition of set graphs in some classes of graphs. We define layered extensional acyclic orientations and a graph parameter, called set-deficiency, that measures how far a graph is from being a set graph. Then, we describe how these concepts can be applied to recognize set graphs in the class of cographs in polynomial time.
Lights Out em grafos: apagando luzes da menor maneira
Authors: Couto Fernanda , Brito Ighor Bruno de , Sento Sé Willian de Assis
Published: July 2022

Lights Out é um quebra-cabeça eletrônico cujo objetivo é encontrar um conjunto de botões que, quando pressionados, apaguem todas as luzes do tabuleiro. Neste trabalho, consideramos a generalização cuja entrada é um grafo e focamos na versão de minimização, onde o objetivo é determinar o número mínimo de vértices que devem ser acionados para apagar todo o grafo. Trabalhamos com grafos Caterpillar, Snarks Flor e Snarks Goldberg. Para auxiliar na obtenção dos resultados, implementamos um software que simula o jogo para qualquer grafo de entrada e também um algoritmo força-bruta que soluciona a versão de minimização.
Bipartizando Grafos Livres de P6 pela Remoção de um Emparelhamento
Authors: Lima Carlos V. G. C. , Morais Cícero S.
Published: July 2022

Dado um grafo G = (V,E), um emparelhamento bipartizante M de G é um emparelhamento cuja remoção elimina todos os ciclos ímpares de G (ou equivalentemente, se G − M é bipartido). Estudamos o problema de determinar se G admite um emparelhamento bipartizante. Este problema é equivalente ao de determinar se G admite uma (2, 1)-coloração, que é uma 2-coloração de V(G) tal que cada classe de cor induz um grafo de grau má́ximo igual a 1. Neste trabalho, estendemos o resultado de Lima et al. (2021) sobre grafos livres de P5, apresentando um algoritmo polinomial que decide se um grafo livre de P6 admite um emparelhamento bipartizante.
Minimum Density of Identifying Codes of Hexagonal Grids with a Finite Number of Rows
Authors: Sampaio Rudini , Sobral Gabriel A. G. , Wakabayashi Yoshiko
Published: July 2022

An identifying code (id code, for short) of a graph is a dominating set such that all vertices have a distinct closed neighbourhood within the code. We present a lower bound for the minimum density of id codes of infinite hexagonal grids with a finite number of rows. We also show that every id code that does not induce a trivial component has density at least 3/7. Finally, we show that when such grids have two rows this minimum density is precisely 9/20. The results on lower bounds are proved using the discharging method.
IoT EWS: Uma Abordagem Explorando Monitoramento Remoto de Pacientes na Internet das Coisas
Authors: Albandes Rogério , Souza Alexandre , Lambrecht Rodrigo , Barcellos Franklin , Yamin Adenauer
Published: July 2022

A mobilidade vem constituindo uma prática cotidiana de médicos, assim, é possível que estes fiquem períodos de tempo sem contato com as equipes que lhe dão suporte no tratamento dos pacientes. Períodos mais longos entre comunicações podem provocar retardos na realização de procedimentos, na prescrição de drogas, etc. Considerando este cenário, este trabalho tem por objetivo a concepção de uma abordagem, denominada IoT EWS, que integra: (i) uma plataforma para aquisição de sinais vitais; (ii) um ambiente para processamento contextual, que através de regras personalizáveis construa a Ciência de Situação dos pacientes; e (iii) uma interface de visualização textual e gráfica destes sinais, que possa ser acessada pela IoT. Como fonte de sinais vitais está sendo empregado o banco de dados MIMIC-III. Por sua vez, para avaliação da IoT EWSjunto aos profissionais de saúde foi utilizado o Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), tendo sido obtidos resultados promissores.
Towards a Business Process Automation Office Model: Action Research in Higher Education Institution
Authors: Galimberti Maurício F. , Hauck Jean R. , De Lucca José Eduardo , Peters Sérgio
Published: July 2022

The main objective of this paper is to propose and apply a Business Process Automation Office Model to public institutions. A preliminary model is developed and improved through its application in a public Higher Education Institution. This research uses a multi-method scientific approach. A Systematic Literature Mapping is applied to identify the state of the art about Centers of Excellence involved in the automation of business processes. After that, the proposed model is then refined in three cycles of an Action Research. The main contributions are to offer a processes office model focused in process automation. The preliminary results with BPMS demonstrate greater flexibility to processes updating to public institutions.
Modelos de Aprendizagem de Máquina para Identificação de Mercadorias a partir da Descrição do Item na Nota Fiscal Eletrônica
Authors: Mendonça Alisson Emanuel Goes de , Coutinho Luciano Reis , Mariano Roberval Gomes
Published: July 2022

Uma dos aspectos limitantes de ações fiscais nas Notas Fiscais Eletrônicas é conseguir identificar a mercadoria a partir do campo de descrição do item, tanto pela variedade do conteúdo, dado que é de livre preenchimento, como pelo volume de informações gerado. Este artigo três modelos de Aprendizagem de Máquina aplicados no apresenta processamento desse campo: Árvore de Decisão, Rede Neural e KNN. Os experimentos demonstram que a Rede Neural entregou a melhor acurácia com o menor tempo de predição. Os dados utilizados são da base da SEFAZ/MA. Os resultados podem direcionar soluções de detecção de subfaturamento, isenções indevidas, correção da defasagem inflacionária da pauta fiscal, etc.
Sumarização de Denúncias: Proposta e Avaliação de Métodos de Geração de Resumos
Authors: Paiva Eduardo de , Pereira Fernando Sola , Ebecken Nelson
Published: July 2022

O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro permite que qualquer cidadão faça denúncias sobre irregularidades que estejam acontecendo na Administração Pública. No entanto, o volume de informações presentes nos textos das denúncias torna o seu tratamento muito custoso. Dessa forma, surge a necessidade de métodos de sumarização capazes de resumir os textos das denúncias. O objetivo desse artigo é propor e avaliar duas estratégias de sumarização de denúncias: uma baseada no modelo de linguagem BERT e outra em frequência de palavras. O estudo concluiu que, para o propósito em questão, os resumos gerados pelo modelo BERT eram melhores que os gerados pela frequência de palavras.
Ferramenta de Visualização de Dados do Censo da Educação Superior do INEP
Authors: Borchardt Guilherme Tomaselli , Santos Maria Teresa Silva , Frigo Luciana Bolan , Gasparini Isabela
Published: July 2022

Os dados educacionais do ensino superior brasileiro são disponibilizados pelo INEP em formato CSV, porém seu grande volume torna a busca por informações onerosa. Visando auxiliar nessa busca e trazer um entendimento sobre os dados, apresenta-se a ferramenta que segue em desenvolvimento. Para sua construção e fundamentação realizou-se um levantamento de trabalhos relacionados sobre ferramentas de visualização. Nos cenários de uso, observam-se as vantagens e facilidades na visualização, interpretação e suas contribuições. Como trabalhos futuros propõe-se melhorias nos quesitos de usabilidade e número de informações gráficas apresentadas, além de avaliação com o usuário para efetivo aperfeiçoamento da ferramenta.
A Graph Knowledge-base for Auditing Human Resources Public Management
Authors: Pinto Fernando Antonio D. G. , Lifschitz Sérgio , Haeusler Edward Hermann
Published: July 2022

Given the growing volume of data that is generated in the public sector, new payroll audit models are created. Payroll is a sensitive area and requires assertive processes in its operations. The formal verification of public rules, in a knowledge base, aims to demonstrate the conformity of public acts in relation to the respective legal norms. In this paper we build a knowledge base of public acts from the extraction of information contained in a 9-year series of a official gazette. With this, we can audit the participation of public servers in technical committees through SPARQL queries in a knowledge base such as RDF graphs.
Uma Caracterização das Políticas de Privacidade Utilizadas em Aplicativos no Brasil
Authors: Jardim Guilherme P. S. , Rabello Maria E. R. , Lima Anderson C. , Brefeld Ulf , Reis Valéria Q.
Published: July 2022

Políticas de privacidade são documentos nos quais empresas de tecnologia especificam como os dados de seus usuários são tratados. No Brasil, a concordância entre essas duas partes está prevista em lei. Assim, é fundamental para os usuários que os documentos disponibilizados sejam facilmente acessados e compreendidos. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o acesso à informação em documentos de privacidade de mais de 1.000 aplicativos da Google Play Store. Os resultados mostraram que muitos aplicativos apresentavam documentos inválidos e somente 10% disponibilizavam políticas de privacidade escritas em português. Ademais, nenhum desses documentos dispunha de um grau de inteligibilidade adequado a boa parte da população brasileira.
An exploratory research about ethical issues on a smart toy: The Hello Barbie case study
Authors: Albuquerque Otávio de Paula , Fantinato Marcelo , Peres Sarajane Marques , Hung Patrick C. K.
Published: July 2022

Smart toys are becoming increasingly present in children's lives, reinforcing the relevance of this market niche. Advances in user interfaces and artificial intelligence have been incorporated into smart toys to provide greater autonomy and inductive reasoning skills through machine learning. However, machine learning embedded in smart toys not only brings benefits but also potential problems of bias, possibly related to prejudice and discrimination. This work aims to explore Mattel's Hello Barbie smart toy in a case study, seeking to analyze its knowledge base and conversational functionality to identify possible ethical issues that could cause harm to children. The intention is to show unknown risks that can occur in the evolution's process of smart toys.
A Socially-Aware Perspective to Understand and Fight Violence against Children and Adolescents
Authors: Silva Júnior Deógenes P. da , Baranauskas M. Cecília C. , Pereira Roberto
Published: July 2022

In challenging design contexts, such as the violence against children and adolescents, considering human values is critical as they influence people's social and cultural lives. Considering values when understanding a social problem is not a trivial activity due to the difficulty of working with abstract concepts, the complexity of people's lives, and the lack of artifacts and recommendations to support designers in this task. Drawing on the Socially Aware Design, this paper describes the use of value-oriented artifacts to understand the problem and to identify requirements for systems design against child violence. As a result, the problem of child violence is characterized in a socially-aware manner, and propositions of value-oriented requirements for a solution are raised.
Avaliação de usabilidade em aplicativos bancários móveis no contexto do público idoso
Authors: Rodrigues Agatha Bhenares Alves Martins , Santos Simone de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

Considerando o crescimento do número de idosos e a fim de promover possibilidades para que eles possam participar de forma ativa no uso de soluções digitais financeiras, é fundamental que a maneira com que se desenvolve software seja também pensada para essa população, levando em conta suas limitações. Para a construção de soluções digitais em geral é de suma importância conhecer as necessidades dos usuários e estabelecer quais critérios de usabilidade devem ser priorizados na interação humano-computador. Pensando em tais aspectos, a presente pesquisa, busca avaliar a usabilidade e satisfação do usuário em aplicativos Internet Banking no contexto do público idoso, investigar suas dificuldades de uso e por fim propor melhorias de usabilidade para esses aplicativos.
Ageing and HIV-Risk in Non-Gravid Female Humans
Authors: Leshabari Kelvin , Chale Godfrey , Salim Rashid
Published: July 2022

Objective: To estimate the association between ageing process markers (e.g. clinical conditions necessitating total abdominal hysterectomy) and immune functions (i.e. HIV-risk) among adult non-gravid female humans. Materials & Methods: We did a secondary data analysis, from a prospective, observational, hospital-based study conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The primary study population included all women planned for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH). Target population was all women who underwent TAH. Data were analysed using a generalized linear model via SAS statistical software version 9.4. Results: We analysed 40981 women-hours of follow-up. None of the participant seroconverted against HIV during follow-up period, making an HIV-incidence of 0/40981 women-hours. All participants were black Africans (median age 42 (IQR: 37–47) years). We found a statistically significant drop (aOR: 0.687) in HIV-risk after age of 45 years. Serial correlation between age and HIV-serostatus was found (γ = -0.514, P = 0.000). Association between HIV and marital stata was barely significant (χ2 = 8.0176, df = 3). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant reduced HIV-risk after the age of 45 years among hysterectomised women up and above the known behavioural/clinical risks. Participants who reported married had the highest HIV-seropositivity rate. Recommendations: These findings reflect antagonistic pleiotropy theory of ageing. Analyses on potential biological mechanism(s) against HIV in peri/post-menopausal women is/are warranted.
Nuclear Medicine Dosimetry in Paediatric Population
Authors: A. Verganelakis Dimitris , Lyra-Georgosopoulou Maria
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, the value of paediatric nuclear diagnostic medical imaging has been well established within the medical community. Despite decades of nuclear medicine practice, studies in nuclear medicine to achieve the lowest possible radiation dose to the patient while ensuring the optimized image quality have to be continued. Numerous studies highlighted a long list of objectives, in order to obtain the minimum possible absorbed dose, achieve short scan times and generate images with a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) and spatial/temporal resolution. For the development of guidelines, it is necessary to study the handling of radiopharmaceuticals, the dose splitting processes, the quality control protocols, the plan design of infrastructures, the availability of optimized dose calibrators for the corresponding radiopharmaceuticals, the development of new more sensitive radiopharmaceuticals, and optimized protocols for diagnostic or therapeutical examination of the patient. Anthropomorphic phantoms are used to model paediatric patients, but anatomical models and their pharmacokinetic data are not applied directly to any specific patient. There is a need for the development of personalized dosimetry in children. Factors regarding age, weight and biological and molecular background of the pathology must be included in paediatric personalized dosimetry. The developmental process of the child, as shape, mass, volume, anatomy, physiological indices (metabolism, heart rate, etc.) and variations due to pathologies should be taken under consideration. Corrections of radiation time of the target organ, in relation to neighbouring tissues, blood supply, estimation of residual activity/time and clearance rate are parameters in the calculations of paediatric dosimetry in nuclear medicine. In hybrid imaging examinations with computed tomography modality, the contribution of absorbed dose from CT to the paediatric patient must also be calculated.
Recent Advances in SLE Treatment Including Biologic Therapies
Authors: Alenzi Fahidah , P. D’Cruz David
Published: July 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term multisystem autoimmune rheumatic disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, and central nervous system. Clinical manifestations range from mild to severe and life-threatening diseases, which could be associated with poor outcomes, including morbidity, poor quality of life, and mortality. There is no cure for SLE, and the management is guided by organ system involvement, flare prevention, managing comorbidities, and reducing damage accumulation. Hydroxychloroquine is the most common drug that is used to control lupus disease activity. Anifrolumab is an antibody that inhibits all signaling through the type I interferon receptor and is licensed for the treatment of moderate to severe SLE. Voclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor approved for the treatment of lupus nephritis. Belimumab as a biologic agent has been approved for the management of individuals with SLE and lupus nephritis. Despite the fact that rituximab has failed to meet its primary endpoints in clinical trials for SLE, rituximab can be used according to ACR and EULAR guidelines and is commonly used off-label for severe lupus flares. There is an unmet need for new biologic and novel therapeutic approaches in the management of SLE.
Perspective Chapter: Corruption and Government’s Response to Emergencies during COVID 19 Pandemic – The Nigerian State Experience
Authors: Utibe Monday Titus
Published: July 2022

Through the years, the COVID-19 epidemic has exacerbated existing socioeconomic and political inequities, causing profound changes in communities all over the world. Africa has seen a significant loss of lives and economic damages across the continent. The study takes a qualitative approach in terms of methodology, with documentary sources being used to obtain and analyze data. The urgency of the COVID-19 epidemic, according to the study, necessitated swift flow of public monies, rapid decision-making, and extraordinary public health actions. As a result of making hasty decisions about disbursing funds to respond to emergencies, corruption opportunities arose. The COVID-19’s destructive effects, which have resulted in increased poverty among Nigeria’s most vulnerable people, call into doubt the government’s use of public resources. According to the study, the epidemic has resulted in a significant, quick increase in aid, spending, and procurement, which frequently compromises transparency and accountability. The study exposed that government procurement divisions are rife with corruption, and that fraudulent activities in the purchase of vaccines and medical devices were pervasive throughout the pandemic emergency. The study concludes that strategies for better early identification and handling of fraud and procurement misconduct should be included in future pandemic and economic crisis plans.
Types of Multiple Pregnancy
Authors: Mashamba Tshililo
Published: July 2022

Multiple pregnancy is condition where more than one offsprings are formed. This result from either fertilization of more than one ovum individually by separate sperms or division of fertilized ovum. The implantation sites may be in different part of the genital organs and even the peritoneal cavity. The physiology of monozygotic multiple pregnancy is not fully understood as the trigger has not yet been identified. The incidence of multiple pregnancy is increasing, and this is as a result of assisted reproductive technologies.
Tendon Balancing for Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Foot Pain and Charcot Foot
Authors: Monroe Laborde James
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus causes patients to develop sensory and motor neuropathy. Sensory neuropathy in patients with diabetes results in decrease in protective sensation. Motor neuropathy causes tendon imbalance. Tendon imbalance causes increased mechanical stress in the foot. This increased stress can cause foot pain and calluses and can progress to forefoot ulcers. Less often the ligaments fail before the skin, which can cause arch collapse and then a midfoot ulcer of Charcot foot. Foot pain in diabetics is common and frequently results from Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, midfoot arthritis and metatarsalgia. Tendon balancing can decrease stress in the foot which can relieve foot pain, heal forefoot and midfoot ulcers, prevent ulcer recurrence, and prevent progression of deformity in Charcot foot. Tendon balancing could prevent most of the amputations now being done on diabetic patients. Tendon balancing should be used earlier and more often in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, foot pain and Charcot foot.
Bioactive Components of Root Vegetables
Authors: Bashir Rashida , Tabassum Samra , Rashid Ayoub , Rehman Shafiqur , Adnan Ahmad , Ghaffar Rabia
Published: July 2022

Health and nutrition values force the lifestyle to embrace functional food which accommodates health-promoting nutrients. Root vegetables are an excellent source of health-promoting phytoconstituents, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, proteins, and bioactive pigments. These bioactive compounds impart broad-spectrum pharmacological activities, including anti-hepatotoxicity, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertension, anti-depressant, and anti-hypoglycemia. In this context, quantification via a compatible extraction technique is essential. However, these bioactive compounds are sensitive to heat processing, growth conditions, pre-extraction treatments, and extraction techniques. The recovery of bioactive compounds and their health benefits can be further enhanced by suitable processing, storage, and proper supplementation. The present review aims to comprehensively discuss the bioactive compounds of root vegetables along with factors influencing these compounds and the involvement of root vegetables in oxidative stress reduction, as reported in the literature (2001–2022).
Citrus Polyembryony
Authors: Villegas-Monter Angel , Del Carmen Matínez-Ochoa Elisa , Andrade-Rodriguez María , Villegas-Velázquez Itzel
Published: July 2022

Polyembryony is a type of sporophytic apomixis common in citrus species. Previous studies discovered that embryo traits relate to their sexual or asexual origin. Smaller embryos at the micropyle end are considered zygotic embryos, whereas larger embryos are nucellar. Early embryogenesis in the ovule of apomictic citrus promotes the development of nucellar embryos. The chalaza region inhibits the early development of the zygotic and nucellar embryos; thus, both embryos must grow at the micropyle end. Numerous researchers agree that highly polyembryonic cultivars produce nucellar seedlings more often as the zygotic embryos cannot survive field conditions. Thus, the selection of polyembryonic genotypes facilitates clonal propagation. This chapter analyzes the factors that affect polyembryony in citrus.
Advanced Glycation End Product Induced Endothelial Dysfunction through ER Stress: Unravelling the Role of Paraoxonase 2
Authors: Ravi Ramya , Subramaniam Rajesh Bharathidevi
Published: July 2022

Hyperglycemia accelerates the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds generated by non-enzymatic glycation of proteins or lipids with glucose through Amadori rearrangement and its accumulation increases with aging in diabetes. AGEs augments ROS generation, diminishes the antioxidant defense of the cells, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and elevates the levels of mitochondrial fission protein (Drp1) and mitophagic proteins (Parkin and PTEN) leading to dysfunction of mitochondria. In this chapter, we have discussed how AGEs trigger the endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation and mediate endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and also have discussed the role played by endogenous Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in mitigating endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the adverse effects of AGE.
Current Development of Automotive Powertrain Components for Low Friction and Wear Reduction through Coating and Heat Treatment Technology
Authors: Chul Cha Sung , Il Moon Kyoung , Won Yoon Hae
Published: July 2022

Recent findings of R&D for powertrain components concerning friction and wear reduction are described in this chapter. These are realized through lubrication technology of coating and heat treatment, which are fit for this book. In the first part, nano-complex coatings for parts of future mobility are presented with their friction and wear behavior. The application of an alloying target was proposed to promote the commercial use of nanocomposite coatings. In the second part, the importance on pre-treatments-related silicon oxide-diamond-like carbon (SiO-DLC) coating for the smallest part of fuel system is described. The optimization of cleaning for the balls before coating was resulted: The best cleaning performance presented the addition of acetone cleaning, water boiling, and then acetone cleaning, confirmed by fluorescence analyzers. The third part of this work was developing low-temperature vacuum carburizing and pre-treatment for parts of injector, stopper (SUS303), and position ring (1.4305) with high wear resistance. The difference between two steels led to the result: high molybdenum of 1.4305 formed Mo-oxides on the surface during acid etching. These Mo-oxides resolved quickly by hydrogen during carburizing and then enabled activated carburizing. The 1.4305 was appropriate for the carburizing and was chosen for stopper.
Fatty Acid Metabolism as a Tumor Marker
Authors: Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan Winarno Gatot
Published: July 2022

Cancer cells tend to make metabolism changes in the human body for their growth and survival. One of the most interesting changes is the alteration of fatty acid metabolism in order for the high rate of fatty acid synthesis required to increase the level of fatty acids needed for cancer cell proliferation. Thus, the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism is needed for cancer cell survival. Fatty acid metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of the cancer condition since it can affect cellular functions. The reprogramming of fatty acid synthesis includes increased exogenous fatty acid uptake, de novo fatty acid synthesis, and oxidation of fatty acids. Identifying biochemical targets in fatty acid metabolism is useful for diagnosing and predicting the therapeutic efficiency in tumor treatment.
Neotropical Echinococcosis: A Review
Authors: D. Meléndez Roy
Published: July 2022

Echinococcus vogeli (Rausch and Berstein, 1972) and Echinococcus oligarthra (Diesing, 1863) (Cestoda: Taeniidae) are the only two species known of Neotropical tapeworms, which cause Echinococcosis Polycystic (EP) and Echinococcosis Unicystic (EU), respectively, in humans and in wild rodents from Central and South America. This review applied a meta-analysis on published research about these diseases during the last decade (2010–2020) with the aim of finding out the new human cases reported on that decade on EP and EU. Several new human cases have been published in these 10 years, and important findings have been carried out on the phylogenetic taxonomy, on the genome of E. oligarthra, and on new molecular diagnostic techniques and imagenology applied upon this two neotropical echinococcosis, in particular in Argentina and Brazil. Finally, the life cycle of both Echinococcus species appears to be in a dynamic activity, apparently there is an expansion of both zoonotic diseases moving down to Southern zones of Argentina; therefore, a program of epidemiological surveillance on EP and EU is proposed to be carried out in those Patagonic regions.
Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapies for Panic Disorder
Authors: Davin Norrholm Seth
Published: July 2022

This chapter presents a review of the primary psychopharmacological interventions for panic disorder and the empirically derived evidence supporting their continued use. Key factors such as dosing, contraindications, safety, tolerability, and polypharmacy are discussed. The chapter will include a currently supported tier structure for pharmacological treatment planning as well as means for how best to tailor regimens to specific patient needs. Comorbidities and practical applications are addressed as well. Lastly, the chapter closes with some emerging pharmacotherapies that show promise but for which empirical evidence supporting their use remains in its infancy.
A Body Navigation-Loaded Ultrasound Acquisition Technology: A Pilot Comparison with Conventional Ultrasound
Authors: Sim Ki Choon , Park Beom Jin , Kim Byungjun , Han Yeo Eun , Han Na Yeon , Kim Min Ju , Jae Sung Deuk , Park Sang Hyun , Lee Kwang-Sig , Cho Yongwon
Published: July 2022

Background: In conventional ultrasonography, the ultrasound image is not labeled with information on the location or orientation of the transducer. There is also no information on the parts of the body under examination. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of body navigation-loaded ultrasonography, including the real-time transducer location and the inspection site, compared to conventional ultrasound. Patients and Methods: After obtaining approval from the institutional review board, 29 healthy adult volunteers were prospectively enrolled in this study. One gastrointestinal radiologist performed an abdominal ultrasound, using an ultrasound navigation image convergence system, developed by the authors. Subsequently, an equivalent conventional ultrasound image set was prepared. Three radiologists independently evaluated the two ultrasound image sets for identifying the target organ (two points), transducer location (two points), and transducer orientation (one point). In a two-week interval, conventional ultrasound images were first analyzed, and then, body navigation-loaded images were examined. The score differences between the first and second evaluations were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The inter-rater agreement of the three reviewers was determined by measuring the Fleiss’ kappa value. Results: A total of 1,402 navigation-loaded ultrasound images were acquired in this study. The ultrasound operator carefully selected 203 images for analysis. The interpretation score of all three reviewers significantly increased for each examination in the second analysis using the body navigation-loaded ultrasound images (reviewer A, from 4.07 ± 1.56 to 4.79 ± 0.69; reviewer B, from 3.83 ± 1.59 to 4.49 ± 0.88; and reviewer C, from 3.43 ± 1.60 to 4.19 ± 1.01) (P < 0.0001). The inter-rater agreement of each examination also increased significantly in the second analysis using the body navigation-loaded ultrasound images (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results of this pilot study, the body navigation-loaded ultrasound technology can assist with a simple and objective interpretation of ultrasound images from organs.
Modelo de Uso óptimo del territorio en el PRDU: Región de La Araucanía
Authors: Peña-Cortés Fernando , Escalona Miguel , Rebolledo Gonzalo , Mellado Carolina , Alvarez Erika
Published: July 2022

The Regional Urban Development Plan (UDRP) for the Araucanía Region was prepared
using methods taken from ecology-based physical planning and from the integrated
analysis of natural systems. In this way, a series of processes for aggregation, extraction,
map algebra and logic operators was produced, making the best use of the analytical potential
of ArcView(c) and its Spatial Analyst extension, in order to develop a GIS model to
determine the optimum multi-purpose use of the territory, which was the basis used for
the proposed zoning of this regional planning instrument
El apego al lugar en asentamientos urbanos en procesos de consolidación: estudio de casos de Piura y Tacna
Authors: Medina Bejar Keily Norka , Schroeder Stella , Zavala Salazar María Daniela de los Ángeles , Condori Huasacca Diego Esteban
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo descubrir las correlaciones entre los aspectos físicos y sociales del lugar y su impacto en la capacidad de los habitantes para desarrollar el apego al sitio. Basado en la evidencia empírica del estudio de caso de dos ciudades intermedias de la costa peruana: Piura y Tacna, las mismas que presentan un crecimiento urbano acelerado en los últimos 40 años con ocupaciones informales que ahora forman parte del casco urbano; el enfoque se sujeta a línea de investigación de Asentamientos urbanos precarios. Se trabaja al nivel de los vecindarios o escala barrial, empleando métodos mixtos, a través de mapeos, entrevistas no estructuradas y la observación directa para comprender el nivel de apego y el uso del espacio público en cada ciudad.

The place is recognized as a space for the construction of experiences or awareness of the lived world together with its distinctive and essential components. This research has like aim to discover the affective and social links in relation to the residential, neighborhood and the city scales in non-formalized sectors and formalized sectors, which arose in an unplanned way but are currently regularized. The work is based on empirical evidence from the comparative case study of two intermediate cities on the Peruvian coast: Piura and Tacna, showing accelerated urban growth in the last 60 years. Through the collection of a set of variables, it seeks to understand how the space is linked to the attachment to the place, in settlements that are not yet formalized and formalized. With the results obtained, this research contributes to explore the production of knowledge about the formation of unplanned settlements and its impact on the construction of attachment to the place.
Del urbanismo neoliberal a los elefantes blancos: análisis de un macroproyecto de renovación urbana en Colombia
Authors: Correa Gomez Katerine , Hernández Pulgarín José Gregorio
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación tiene como propósito presentar algunas de las condiciones que hicieron del Macroproyecto de Interés Social para el Centro Occidente de Colombia – San José una operación fallida de urbanismo o un elefante blanco. En primer lugar, se establece la posibilidad de una disonancia normativa a nivel nacional en lo que concierne a la autonomía en la planificación de cada ciudad. Posteriormente, se evidencia poco involucramiento de otros actores que pudieron hacer parte estratégica del Macroproyecto San José y de la eficaz renovación de este sector. Finalmente, se identifica que Manizales no posee un proyecto de ciudad unificado y claro que permita ajustar cualquier operación de renovación urbana a un modelo de ciudad. Esta ponencia aborda simultáneamente una perspectiva de análisis desde el urbanismo, y un enfoque orientado hacia las consecuencias sociales de un ejercicio de planificación urbana, así como algunas dimensiones simbólicas de éste.

The purpose of this research is to present some of the conditions that made the Macro-project of Social Interest for the Western Center of Colombia - San José a failed urban planning operation or a white elephant. In the first place, the possibility of a normative dissonance at the national level is established as regards autonomy in the planning of each city. Subsequently, there is little evidence of involvement of other actors who could be a strategic part of the San José Macro-project and the effective renewal of this sector. Finally, it is identified that Manizales does not have a unified and clear city project that allows adjusting any urban renewal operation to a city model. This paper simultaneously addresses an analytical perspective from urban planning, and an approach oriented towards the social consequences of an urban planning exercise, as well as some symbolic dimensions of it.
La mejora ponderada de la accesibilidad como recurso: ante la acumulación de parcelaciones de vivienda aislada en la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors: Florit Femenias Joan , Martín Ramos Ángel , Rincón Riquelme Ignasi
Published: July 2022

En la corona metropolitana de Barcelona, durante las décadas de desarrollo urbano más activo, han proliferado las parcelaciones residenciales de casas aisladas al margen de la planificación reglada. Vinieron a ocupar áreas extensas de suelo en lugares de geografía desfavorable, conectadas de manera precaria a las distintas ciudades menores de la región metropolitana. Con todas sus deficiencias y dificultades, estas áreas se reiteraron hasta alcanzar a ser hoy una parte nada desdeñable de la metrópolis. No cabe duda de que la complejidad de la situación no se presta a soluciones fáciles o comunes, sino que se necesitarán métodos variados y suma de acciones de escala distinta. En esa línea, se plantea aquí uno de los medios de intervención que puede resultar eficaz: La mejora ponderada de la accesibilidad como recurso, con distintos tipos de soluciones adaptadas a las particularidades de cada caso.

During the second half of the 20th century, in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, single-family housing plots proliferated. Without being officially planned, such developments came to take up large portions of land in geographically unfavourable places, only poorly connected to minor towns in the metropolitan area. Despite their inefficiencies and difficulties, these areas expanded all around the suburbs and have now become a substantial part of the metropolis. There is no doubt that the complexity of the situation cannot be tackled with easy answers or common solutions. On the contrary, it seems that various methods and actions at different scales must be applied. Along these lines, we put forward a method that could prove to be effective: a balanced improvement in accessibility as a resource for these areas, with different types of solutions adapted to each particular case.