bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immigration policy as family language policy: Mexican immigrant children and families in search of biliteracy
Authors: Gallo Sarah , Hornberger Nancy H
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

In this article we draw upon the ethnography of language planning and policy (LPP) to examine the complexities of how young Latino children with a recently deported parent engage with family language policies within their routine interactions. We explore the following questions. (1) How do US elementary school-aged children engage with, resist, and refashion family language and literacy policies alongside their parents in the face of parental deportations to Mexico? (2) How do children’s and parents’ experiences with monoglossic ideologies of schooling in the USA and Mexico shape family LPP and migratory decisions?

Design/methodology/approach:

The data come from a three-year ethnography on Mexican immigrant fathers and their elementary school-aged children conducted within the context of heightened deportations.

Data and analysis:

We focus on the case of eight-year-old Princess following her father’s deportation to examine how she articulated awareness of their counterpoint lives as she engaged in LPP alongside her mother.

Findings/conclusions:

Our findings reveal the unintended language education consequences of immigration policy as well as the complex ways that children discursively contribute to family LPP and migration decisions.

Originality:

This article uniquely highlights the complex interplay between immigration policy and LPP in the daily lives of mixed status Mexican immigrant families and the active roles that children play in shaping family language policy and migratory decisions.

Significance/implications:

We illustrate how children orient to monoglossic schooling ideologies as they prepare for and contest the possibilities of transnational schooling in Mexico and how limited opportunities to develop dynamic bilingualism or biliteracy in US schools shape families’ decisions. We argue that educational policy and classroom practices that open up ideological and implementational spaces to dynamically develop both languages are needed to better prepare children—especially those from undocumented families within a context of unprecedented deportations—for educational success on both sides of the border.
“No, no Maama! Say ‘Shaatir ya Ouledee Shaatir’!” Children’s agency in language use and socialisation
Authors: Said Fatma , Zhu Hua
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectives:

This paper investigates how children in multilingual and transnational families mobilise their multiple and developing linguistic repertoires creatively to assert their agency in language use and socialisation, and why these acts of agency are conducive to successful maintenance of the so-called “home”, “community” or “minority” language.

Methodology:

Close, qualitative analysis of mealtime multiparty conversations is carried out to examine children’s agency in language use and socialisation.

Data and analysis:

Twelve hours of mealtime conversations within one Arabic and English-speaking multilingual family in the UK were recorded over a period of eight months. The excerpts selected for analysis in this paper illustrate how agency is enacted in interaction.

Findings:

The data analyses of the family’s language practices reveal both their flexible language policy and the importance the family attaches to Arabic. The children in this family are fully aware of the language preferences of their parents and are capable of manipulating that knowledge and asserting their agency through their linguistic choices to achieve their interactional goals.

Originality:

This paper explores how Arabic is maintained as a minority language by second and third generations of Arabic-speaking immigrants in the UK through close analysis of conversations.

Significance:

The findings contribute to the current discussions of family language policy and maintenance by demonstrating children’s agentive and creative roles in language use and socialisation. Three factors are identified as the reason for the successful language learning, use and maintenance of Arabic: firstly, a family language policy that has a positive multilingual outlook; secondly, family relationship dynamics that connect and bond family members; and thirdly, the children’s highly developed ability to understand their parents’ language preferences.
Ideologies of language revival: Kazakh as school talk
Authors: Smagulova Juldyz
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectives:

This paper describes the implicit ideologies that undergird a language revival context and addresses the semiotic processes through which ideological dominance is challenged. It demonstrates the role of everyday family interactions in the re-acquisition of a “native” language of one’s ethnic identity.

Design/methodology/approach:

The paper addresses the role of language ideology and family language practices in language revitalization. It is a mixed-methods study interpreting micro-level interactional data within the macro-level context documented by previously collected survey data.

Data and analysis:

The paper draws upon 15 hours of audio-recorded interactional data from one urban family of ethnic Kazakhs in which the children, who were brought up speaking Russian, are enrolled in a Kazakh-medium pre-school. This in-depth, micro-level interactional study is informed by a large-scale survey indicating that urban, Russian-speaking Kazakhs are undergoing dramatic changes in their language views, use, and proficiency.

Findings:

The interactional analysis revealed changes in the conceptualization of Kazakh—from the vernacular associated with low prestige and backwardness to the high prestige language of school. Examinations of codeswitching in adult–child interactions showed that re-imagining of Kazakh is accomplished through four mutually reinforcing metalanguaging practices—limiting Kazakh to pedagogic formats, constructing Kazakh as school talk, confining Kazakh to “prior text,” and the co-occurrence of a shift to Kazakh with a shift to a meta-communicative frame.

Originality:

These findings expand our understanding of the discursive processes through which the ideology of revival is created and sustained in day-to-day interactions in the family. The study expands the scholarship on family language policy through its contribution with data from Kazakhstan and its focus on current issues related to post-Soviet experiences.

Significance:

The study adds to current research in family language policy by providing empirical evidence for conceptualizing the family as a dynamic system in which language policies and identity choices are shaped by parental ideologies and by the broader social and cultural context of family life.
Rayleigh’s quotient–based damage detection algorithm: Theoretical concepts, computational techniques, and field implementation strategies
Authors: Njomo Wandji Wilfried
Published: February 2017

This article proposes a Rayleigh’s quotient–based damage detection algorithm. It aims at efficiently revealing nascent structural changes on a given structure with the capability to differentiate between an actual damage and a change in operational conditions. The first three damage detection levels are targeted: existence, location, and severity. The proposed algorithm is analytically developed from the dynamics theory and the virtual energy principle. Some computational techniques are proposed for carrying out computations, including discretization, integration, derivation, and suitable optimization methods. Field implementation strategies are also considered for the purpose of online damage monitoring. In order to prove the efficiency of this strategy, one experimental and three numerical case studies were conducted. The proposed algorithm successfully detected the damage in all simulated cases and estimated the damage severity with acceptable accuracy. The conclusion is that the proposed algorithm was able to efficiently detect damage appearance in a range of structures for various damage levels and locations, and under different operational conditions.
A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Externalizing Problems in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Fong Vanessa C. , Hawes David , Allen Jennifer L.
Published: February 2017

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue with innumerable costs to the victims, children, and families affected as well as society at large. The evidence is conclusive regarding a strong association between exposure to IPV and children’s externalizing problems. Moving forward, the next step is to enhance our understanding of risk and protective factors associated with these outcomes in order to tailor treatments to meet the needs of both parents and children. The databases Medline, PubMed, and PsyINFO were searched combining variations of the key words such as parent*, child*, mother, partner abuse, domestic abuse, spousal abuse, interpersonal violence, domestic violence, or intimate partner violence. This search were combined with child externalizing behaviors specifically conduct*, oppositional defiant disorder, externaliz*, aggress*, hyperactivity, and ADHD. A total of 31 studies from all three databases were reviewed following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main findings were that child age and gender, callous–unemotional traits, cognitive appraisals, maternal mental health, and quality of parenting emerged as key mediating and moderating factors of the relationship between IPV exposure and child externalizing problems. These findings suggest that interventions provided to families exposed to IPV need to target both maternal and child risk factors in order to successfully reduce child externalizing problems.
An adaptive threshold algorithm for sensor fault based on the grey theory
Authors: Wu Lifeng , Yao Beibei , Peng Zhen , Guan Yong
Published: February 2017

An appropriate threshold is the key factor in a diagnosis of fault. However, the traditional method of setting a fixed threshold does not take into consideration the influence of system status and noise interference, and it often leads to false alarms and missed detections of system fault. To improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis, we first obtained the residual signal based on the strong tracking filter method – cubature Kalman filtering. We then proposed an adaptive dynamic threshold adjustment algorithm based on the grey theory. In this method, the threshold value can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time mean and variance of the residual. Finally, we performed a sensor fault experiment involving three sensors in different locations of a robot. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method.
Arthroscopic assisted tendon reconstruction for triangular fibrocartilage complex irreparable tears
Authors: Luchetti R. , Atzei A.
Published: February 2017

We report our 11-year experience of performing arthroscopically assisted triangular fibrocartilage complex reconstruction in the treatment of chronic distal radio-ulnar joint instability resulting from irreparable triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries. Eleven patients were treated. Three skin incisions were made in order to create radial and ulna tunnels for passage of the tendon graft, which is used to reconstruct the dorsal and palmar radio-ulnar ligaments, under fluoroscopic and arthroscopic guidance. At a mean follow-up of 68 months all but one had a stable distal radio-ulnar joint. Pain and grip strength, Mayo wrist score, Disability of the Arm Hand and Shoulder and patient-rated wrist and hand evaluation scores improved. The ranges of forearm rotation remained largely unchanged. Complications included an early tendon graft tear, two late-onset graft ruptures, one ulna styloid fracture during surgery and persistent wrist discomfort during forearm rotation requiring tendon graft revision in one case. An arthroscopic assisted approach for triangular fibrocartilage complex reconstruction appears safe and produces comparable results with the open technique.

Level of evidence: IV
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors: latest evidence and clinical implications
Authors: Fanelli Andrea , Ghisi Daniela , Aprile Pierangelo Lora , Lapi Francesco
Published: February 2017

Observational studies and meta-analyses have shown that the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially when prescribed at high doses for long periods of time, can potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The increased thrombotic risk related to the use of NSAIDs is mainly due to their cyclooxygenase 2 selectivity. The dosage use, the formulation selected and the duration of the therapy are other factors that can significantly impact on the cardiovascular risk. In order to minimize the risk, prescription of the right drug based on the patient’s features and the different safety profiles of several NSAIDs that are available on the market is key for their appropriate administration. Despite the baseline cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risk of each patient, monitoring of patients is suggested for increases in blood pressure, development of edema, deterioration of renal function, or gastrointestinal bleeding during long-term treatment with NSAIDs.
The making of state religion: Political economy and historical evidence
Authors: Vaubel Roland
Published: February 2017

The paper tries to explain the introduction of state religions. I start by analyzing the meaning of state religion and the instruments of state intervention in religion. I then discuss the rulers' religious objectives and derive ten testable hypotheses about the factors favoring the introduction of state religions and about the choice of instruments. In the main section of the paper I examine the circumstances in which state religions have been introduced. The sample contains thirty-one state religions. The period stretches from 2630 BC (pharaoh Djoser in Egypt) to 1871 CE (emperor Meiji in Japan). Eight hypotheses turn out to be consistent with the historical evidence. The frequencies are significantly higher than 50% in a binomial test.
Voting and civic engagement: Results from an online field experiment
Authors: Werfel Seth H.
Published: February 2017

How does voting interact with civic engagement outside the electoral process? An online field experiment on more than 140,000 registered voters in San Francisco yielded two main results. Subjects who voted in the 2016 primary elections were nearly three times more likely to open a survey from a nonprofit organization than those who did not vote in the primary election. However, explicitly priming voter identity and gratitude made all subjects far less likely to engage in this form of civic participation.
Dental Care–Related Fear and Anxiety: Distress Tolerance as a Possible Mechanism
Authors: Addicks S.H. , McNeil D.W. , Randall C.L. , Goddard A. , Romito L.M. , Sirbu C. , Kaushal G. , Metzger A. , Weaver B.D.
Published: February 2017

Distress tolerance, the degree to which one is able to cope with and endure negative emotional states, has been broadly applied to understand and treat a variety of health (including behavioral) problems, but little is known about its role in oral health care and specifically dental care–related fear and anxiety, making it a novel construct in the oral health care literature. This cross-sectional study examined distress tolerance as a possible predictor of dental fear and anxiety among a sample of adults with and without diagnoses of dental phobia, investigated possible differences in levels of distress tolerance between adults with and without dental phobia, and determined possible associations between distress tolerance and fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, and depression. Using 52 volunteers ( n = 31, dental phobia group; n = 21, healthy comparison group), this investigation used self-report measures of distress tolerance, fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, dental fear, and depression. The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, a semi-structured interview, was used to assess for dental phobia and other psychological disorders. Distress tolerance significantly predicted dental fear and anxiety, even after controlling for age, sex, fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, and depression. In addition, the dental phobia group had lower distress tolerance than the healthy comparison group. Distress tolerance was significantly associated with fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, and depression. Findings indicate that low distress tolerance plays a unique and distinct role as a possible mechanism in the genesis of dental care–related fear and anxiety and phobia and may exacerbate the experience of other states, including fear of pain and anxiety sensitivity.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results indicate that patients who have a lower ability to tolerate emotional and physical distress may have higher levels of dental care–related fear and anxiety and even dental phobia, as well as associated sequelae (e.g., avoidance of dental care). Treatment of highly fearful dental patients may helpfully include a focus on increasing distress tolerance.
Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Sub-regional Analysis of Socio-economic and Agriculture Sectors in Karnataka, India
Authors: Raju K. V. , Deshpande R. S. , Bedamatta Satyasiba
Published: February 2017

Vulnerability assessments can play a vital role in the designing of appropriate adaptation and mitigation policies targeted towards climate change and its impacts on ecosystems, and for those who depend upon the sensitive resources for their livelihoods and well-being. Vulnerability is often reflected in the economic system as well as the socio-economic features of the population living in that system. This article attempts to build a picture of the socio-economic context of vulnerability by focusing on indicators that measure both the state of socio-economic development of the people as well as their capacity to progress further. The result of agricultural vulnerability index suggests indicators such as cropping intensity, gross irrigated area and commercial crop area are the major drivers in determining the vulnerability of the districts of Karnataka. The socio-economic and livelihood index depicts indicators like per capita income, population density and percentage of literacy rate are the major drivers and contribute to the overall livelihood vulnerability of districts.
Momelotinib inhibits ACVR1/ALK2, decreases hepcidin production, and ameliorates anemia of chronic disease in rodents
Authors: Asshoff Malte , Petzer Verena , Warr Matthew R. , Haschka David , Tymoszuk Piotr , Demetz Egon , Seifert Markus , Posch Wilfried , Nairz Manfred , Maciejewski Pat , Fowles Peter , Burns Christopher J. , Smith Gregg , Wagner Kay-Uwe , Weiss Guenter , Whitney J. Andrew , Theurl Igor
Published: February 2017

Key Points

MMB ameliorates anemia in a rodent anemia of chronic disease model by inhibiting activin receptor-like kinase-2 activity. Hepcidin-dependent ferroportin degradation is independent of JAK2 phosphorylation.
Coding in Stroke and Other Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Korb Pearce J. , Jones William
Published: February 2017

Accurate coding is critical for clinical practice and research. Ongoing changes to diagnostic and billing codes require the clinician to stay abreast of coding updates. Payment for health care services, data sets for health services research, and reporting for medical quality improvement all require accurate administrative coding. This article provides an overview of coding principles for patients with strokes and other cerebrovascular diseases and includes an illustrative case as a review of coding principles in a patient with acute stroke.
Constitutively active Notch1 converts cranial neural crest-derived frontonasal mesenchyme to perivascular cellsin vivo
Authors: Miller Sophie R. , Perera Surangi N. , Baker Clare V. H.
Published: February 2017

Perivascular/mural cells originate from either the mesoderm or the cranial neural crest. Regardless of their origin, Notch signalling is necessary for their formation. Furthermore, in both chicken and mouse, constitutive Notch1 activation (via expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain) is sufficient in vivo to convert trunk mesoderm-derived somite cells to perivascular cells, at the expense of skeletal muscle. In experiments originally designed to investigate the effect of premature Notch1 activation on the development of neural crest-derived olfactory ensheathing glial cells (OECs), we used in ovo electroporation to insert a tetracycline-inducible NotchΔE construct (encoding a constitutively active mutant of mouse Notch1) into the genome of chicken cranial neural crest cell precursors, and activated NotchΔE expression by doxycycline injection at embryonic day 4. NotchΔE-targeted cells formed perivascular cells within the frontonasal mesenchyme, and expressed a perivascular marker on the olfactory nerve. Hence, constitutively activating Notch1 is sufficient in vivo to drive not only somite cells, but also neural crest-derived frontonasal mesenchyme and perhaps developing OECs, to a perivascular cell fate. These results also highlight the plasticity of neural crest-derived mesenchyme and glia.
New insights into the regulatory function of CYFIP1 in the context of WAVE- and FMRP-containing complexes
Authors: Abekhoukh Sabiha , Sahin H Bahar , Grossi Mauro , Zongaro Samantha , Maurin Thomas , Madrigal Irene , Kazue-Sugioka Daniele , Raas-Rothschild Annick , Doulazmi Mohamed , Carrera Pilar , Stachon Andrea , Scherer Steven , Nascimento Maria Rita Drula Do , Trembleau Alain , Arroyo Ignacio , Peter Szatmari , Smith Isabel M. , Milà Montserrat , Smith Adam C. , Giangrande Angela , Caillé Isabelle , Bardoni Barbara
Published: February 2017

CYtoplasmic FMRP Interacting Protein 1 (CYFIP1) is a candidate gene for intellectual disability (ID), autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. It is a member of a family of proteins that is very conserved during evolution, sharing high homology with dCYFIP, its Drosophila homolog. CYFIP1 interacts with the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), whose absence causes the Fragile X Syndrome, and with the translation initiation factor eIF4E. It is a member of the WAVE Regulatory Complex (WRC), thus representing a link between translational regulation and actin cytoskeleton. Here, we present data showing a correlation between mRNA levels of CYFIP1 and other members of the WRC. This suggests a tight regulation of the levels of the WRC members not only by post-translational mechanisms, as previously hypothesized. Moreover, we studied the impact of loss of function of both CYFIP1 and FMRP on neuronal growth and differentiation in two animal models, fly and mouse. We show that these two proteins antagonize each other’s function not only during neuromuscular junction growth in the fly but also during new neuronal differentiation in the olfactory bulb of adult mice. Mechanistically, FMRP and CYFIP1 modulate mTor signaling in an antagonistic manner, likely via independent pathways, supporting the results obtained in mouse as well as in fly at the morphological level. Collectively, our results illustrate a new model to explain the cellular roles of FMRP and CYFIP1 and the molecular significance of their interaction.
Organelles – understanding noise and heterogeneity in cell biology at an intermediate scale
Authors: Chang Amy Y. , Marshall Wallace F.
Published: February 2017

Many studies over the years have shown that non-genetic mechanisms for producing cell-to-cell variation can lead to highly variable behaviors across genetically identical populations of cells. Most work to date has focused on gene expression noise as the primary source of phenotypic heterogeneity, yet other sources may also contribute. In this Commentary, we explore organelle-level heterogeneity as a potential secondary source of cellular ‘noise’ that contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity. We explore mechanisms for generating organelle heterogeneity and present evidence of functional links between organelle morphology and cellular behavior. Given the many instances in which molecular-level heterogeneity has been linked to phenotypic heterogeneity, we posit that organelle heterogeneity may similarly contribute to overall phenotypic heterogeneity and underline the importance of studying organelle heterogeneity to develop a more comprehensive understanding of phenotypic heterogeneity. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the medical challenges associated with phenotypic heterogeneity and outline how improved methods for characterizing and controlling this heterogeneity may lead to improved therapeutic strategies and outcomes for patients.
Calmodulin antagonist affects peroxisomal functionality by disrupting both peroxisomal Ca2+ and protein import
Authors: Corpas Francisco J. , Barroso Juan B.
Published: February 2017

Ca2+ is a second messenger in many physiological and phytopathological processes. Peroxisomes are subcellular compartments with an active oxidative and nitrosative metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisomal nitric oxide (NO) generation is dependent on Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM). Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic seedlings expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) containing a type 1 peroxisomal-targeting signal motif (PTS1; CFP–PTS1), which enables peroxisomes to be visualized in vivo, and also used a cell-permeable fluorescent probe for Ca2+. Analysis by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) enabled us to visualize the presence of endogenous Ca2+ in the peroxisomes of both roots and guard cells. The presence of Ca2+ in peroxisomes and the import of CFP–PTS1 are drastically disrupted by both CaM antagonist and glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, the activity of three peroxisomal enzymes (catalase, glycolate oxidase and hydroxypyruvate reductase) containing PTS1 was clearly affected in these conditions, with a decrease of between 41 and 51%. In summary, data show that Ca2+ and CaM are strictly necessary for protein import and normal functionality of peroxisomal enzymes, including antioxidant and photorespiratory enzymes, as well as for NO production.
Behavioral and physiological traits of migrant and resident White-crowned Sparrows: a common garden approach
Authors: Ramenofsky Marilyn , Campion Andrew W. , Pérez Jonathan H. , Krause Jesse S. , Németh Zoltán
Published: February 2017

To accommodate a migratory life history, migrants express a greater number of physiological and behavioral stages per annum than residents and are thus considered to have higher finite state diversity (FSD). To investigate the physiological mechanisms and constraints associated with migration, direct comparison of two subspecies of White-crowned Sparrow - migrant, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii and resident, Z.l.nuttalli - were made under common garden conditions of photoperiod and housing, as birds progressed from winter through the vernal life history stages. We tested the hypothesis that migrants (higher FSD) respond differently than residents (lower FSD) to the initial predictive cue, photoperiod, to initiate and integrate the progression of vernal stages of prenuptial molt, migration and development of breeding. If differences in vernal phenology were noted then the basis for the distinctions was considered genetic. Results: 1. residents had a lower threshold to vernal photoperiod with elevations of plasma androgen, growth and development of reproductive structures preceeding migrants, 2. only migrants displayed prenuptial molt, preparations for migration and migratory restlessness, 3. neither baseline nor stress-induced plasma corticosterone differed across subspecies suggesting energetic demands of the common garden were insufficient to induce a differential adrenocortical response in either subspecies highlighting the impact of environmental conditions on corticosterone secretion. Thus, in a common garden, Z.l.gambelii responds differently to the initial predictive cue, photoperiod, to initiate and execute the vernal stages of molt, migration and development of breeding in comparisons to the shared stage of breeding with Z.l.nuttalli confirming a genetic basis for the subspecies differences.
Self-fertilization, sex allocation and spermatogenesis kinetics in the hypodermically-inseminating flatworm Macrostomum pusillum
Authors: Giannakara Athina , Ramm Steven A.
Published: February 2017

The free-living flatworm genus Macrostomum is an emerging model system for studying the links between sex allocation, sexual selection and mating system evolution, as well as the underlying developmental and physiological mechanisms responsible for wide intra- and inter-specific variability in reproductive phenotypes. Despite compelling comparative morphological evidence of sexual diversity, detailed experimental work on reproductive behaviour and physiology in Macrostomum has so far been largely limited to just two species, M. lignano and M. hystrix, an obligate and a preferential outcrosser, respectively. In this study, we establish that a third species, M. pusillum, exhibits a combination of reproductive traits strikingly different from both of its congeners. Unlike M. lignano, we demonstrate that M. pusillum does not adjust sex allocation or the speed of spermatogenesis to the prevailing social group size. M. pusillum’s relatively simple sperm morphology likely explains the short spermatogenesis duration we report, and is linked to a hypodermically inseminating mode of fertilization, which we show also means that these worms are capable of self-fertilization. Surprisingly, and unlike M. hystrix, selfing in isolated worms commences after only a short (if any) delay compared to the onset of reproduction in grouped individuals, with little evidence of differential inbreeding depression in 'isolated' progeny. These combined results suggest that, in nature, M. pusillum may be regularly selfing, in contrast to its congeners studied to date. Our findings highlight the rapid and correlated evolution of reproductive traits, and reinforce the utility of the genus Macrostomum for understanding the evolutionary and developmental mechanisms responsible for this diversity.
Odorant organization in the olfactory bulb of the sea lamprey
Authors: Green Warren W. , Boyes Karl , McFadden Charrie , Daghfous Gheylen , Auclair François , Zhang Huiming , Li Weiming , Dubuc Réjean , Zielinski Barbara S.
Published: February 2017

Olfactory sensory neurons innervate the olfactory bulb, where responses to different odorants generate a chemotopic map of increased neural activity within different bulbar regions. In this study, insight into the basal pattern of neural organization of the vertebrate olfactory bulb was gained by investigating the lamprey. Retrograde labeling established that lateral and dorsal bulbar territories receive the axons of sensory neurons broadly distributed in the main olfactory epithelium and that the medial region receives sensory neuron input only from neurons projecting from the accessory olfactory organ. The response duration for local field potential recordings were similar in the lateral and dorsal regions, and both were longer than medial responses. All three regions responded to amino acid.odorants. The dorsal and medial regions, but not the lateral region, responded to steroids. These findings show evidence for olfactory streams in the sea lamprey olfactory bulb, the lateral region responds to amino acids from sensory input in the main olfactory epithelium, the dorsal region responds to steroids (taurocholic acid and pheromones) and to amino acids from sensory input in the main olfactory epithelium, and the medial bulbar region responds to amino acids and steroids stimulating the accessory olfactory organ. These findings indicate that olfactory subsystems are present at the base of vertebrate evolution and that regionality in the lamprey olfactory bulb has some aspects previously seen in other vertebrate species.
On the Establishment of the All-Russian Public State Youth Organization “Russian Movement of Schoolchildren”
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: February 2017

The article considers the positive role of public youth organizations in the education of the younger generation on the basis of its participation in the social joint activity. The position of Presidential Decree 2015 on the establishment of the All-Russian Youth organization “Russian movement of schoolchildren” is considered. In the framework of improvement of state police in the field of children education the goals and objectives of this movement are set, that consolidate schoolchildren in the system of socialization and introduction to the national values.
Psychological and Pedagogical Support of Distance Education
Authors: Казакова  , Kazakova T.
Published: February 2017

The article considers the features of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of distance education. The importance and possibilities of the education organization of modern schoolchildren by the means of internet-based technology are described. The author characterizes the goals, forms and conditions of distance education. The directions of psychological and pedagogical support depending on content of distance education and theoretical course for distance schoolchildren are considered.
Analyses of the Features of General Schooling of Russian Younger Schoolchildren in Accordance to the Results of International Research TIMSS-2015 (Mathematics)
Authors: Рыдзе  , Rydze Oxana
Published: February 2017

The article considers the meta-subject results of the international monitoring study of mathematical literacy of younger schoolchildren TIMSS, conducted in 2015. Three main groups of tasks for evaluation of the general educational achievements of Russian schoolchildren of the fourth grade, corresponding to the three groups of universal educational activities (educational, regulatory, communication) are characterized. The article presents examples of tasks for each of age group of schoolchildren. The typical challenges faced by Russian younger schoolchildren in the performance of tasks, and errors detected during the initial analysis of the results of research in mathematics TIMSS-2015 are listed.
Methods and Techniques of Effective Use of Training Lab Equipment in Primary School
Authors: Моткова  , Motkova Yuliya
Published: February 2017

The article characterizes the methods and techniques of use of digital microscopes, document camera, ICT- blackboard, erector set LEGO, laptop for schoolchildren, disks with methodical developments for different stages of the lessons in the primary school. The techniques of use of training lab equipment at different lessons and extracurricular activities are considered. The essence of split-level education is described, which realization became available thanks to training differentiation.
Let’s Talk about Friendship
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: February 2017

The article shows am example of the use of works of art dedicated to man and animals friendship in the process of educational work with younger schoolchildren. Conversations with students may be held in the classroom of the world, and literary reading. Artistic text of the content should be used in the organization of classroom hours, extra-curricular activities offered to children as homework for a joint reading with parents.
The Cognitive Screening Scale for Schizophrenia (CSSS). Part 1. Design and structure of the scale
Authors: Mosiołek Anna , Gierus Jacek , Koweszko Tytus , Borkowska Alina , Janus Marta , Szulc Agata
Published: February 2017

Cel pracy

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia konstrukcję i strukturę czynnikową CSSS (Cognitive Screening Scale for Schizophrenia)– krótkiej przesiewowej skali mającej wykrywać zaburzenia poznawcze u osób ze schizofrenią.

Metoda

160 osób (124 osoby ze schizofrenią i 36 osób zdrowych) zostało zbadanych za pomocą wstępnej, złożonej z 11 podtestów, wersji skali CSSS. Przeprowadzono analizę korelacji wyników między podtestami, konfirmacyjną analizę czynnikową, analizę zgodności wewnętrznej skali, trudności itemów IRT oraz jej dokładności jako klasyfikatora.

Wyniki

1 czynnik (ogólna sprawność poznawcza) wyjaśnia 37% zmienności wyników podtestów. Skalę charakteryzuje zadowalająca (Alfa Cronbacha=0,83) zgodność wewnętrzna. Osoby ze schizofrenią uzyskiwały znacząco niższe wyniki niż osoby zdrowe. Obszar pod krzywą ROC w odróżnianiu osób ze schizofrenią od osób zdrowych wyniósł AUC=0,83. Punkt odcięcia 16 pkt. charakteryzuje się czułością 86% i swoistością 70%.

Wnioski

Uzyskany wskutek zaprezentowanych analiz kształt metody sugeruje, że metoda ta ma potencjał spełnienia założeń, które będą testowane w dalszych badaniach walidacyjnych. Charakteryzuje się zadowalającą rzetelnością, a jej struktura jest zgodna z założeniami.
Approaches to the prevention of type 2 diabetes in Gibraltar
Authors: Parker Julie
Published: February 2017

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising worldwide, with the number of people with the condition expected to reach 552 million by 2030. This is largely due to changing demographics, ageing populations and a worldwide increase in obesity rates. This article explores diabetes in Gibraltar. The main focus is the incidence of type 2 diabetes, in the context of the characteristics of the adult population and how these relate to risk factors, such as obesity, smoking and genetics. Thereis a brief exploration of the history of Gibraltar and how its particular circumstances may account for an increased incidence of diabetes. Finally, the evolution of the local diabetes service and future developments are discussed, along with innovative approaches to diabetes prevention, which may be adapted for use in other communities.
Feeling unsafe in the healthcare setting: patients' perspectives
Authors: Kenward Linda , Whiffin Charlotte , Spalek Basia
Published: February 2017

This literature review aimed to discover the factors that contribute to patients feeling unsafe in the healthcare setting. Electronic searches were undertaken using three databases to examine publications from 2002 to 2016. The design used a modified Cooper's (1982) five-stage integrative review method. Fourteen articles were identified, producing seven themes: information and communication, loss of control, staff presence, impersonal care, patients' vulnerable emotional and physical state, not being taken seriously, and the patient perception of of a lack of staff experience, knowledge, proactivity and interest. The findings suggest that, in maintaining a quality service for patients, nurses can contribute to the reduction of patients' feelings of being unsafe and vulnerable. Patients do not just feel unsafe when errors occur, but also when service quality is noticeably poor. Where lack of quality is perceived as an indication of potential threat, this lack may contribute to patients feeling unsafe within the healthcare setting.
Medication governance: preventing errors and promoting patient safety
Authors: Kavanagh Caroline
Published: February 2017

This article highlights the significance of medication errors, identifying potential issues and support systems required. Medication errors involve different health professionals and present at various stages of the medication cycle. Focusing on a collaborative approach and the role of the nurse is necessary. Special groups, particularly older adults, are considered where multiple conditions and multiple medications increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. Nurses' accountability and their knowledge of medications are taken into account along with the role of nurse educators. Reporting errors is crucial; the culture of the organisation significantly contributes to whether errors are reported. Learning arises from near misses and errors, enabling preventive measures to be put in place. There is a need for a culture of safety within organisations where medication governance promotes patient safety and the provision of high-quality care.
Identifying and managing underperformance in nursing students: lessons from practice
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: February 2017

This article presents an analysis of the reflective practice of mentors and student nurses who were interviewed as part of a personal skill improvement project. Colleagues and students were asked to provide feedback on their perceptions of how the author demonstrated the skill of identifying and managing underperformance in nursing students. Their narratives were examined with the intention of identifying areas for improving underperformance and how it could be managed in future. Key findings were the requirement for mentors to increase engagement with students, especially in terms of protected time, participatory learning, honest and open dialogue and the need for a commitment to building a supportive and effective mentor–student relationship. This article offers insight into how current mentors and students perceive the management of underperformance and raises awareness of related issues in an attempt to improve mentoring practice.
Put on your red nose for charity
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: February 2017

Red Nose Day is an opportunity to highlight good causes with young children, as well as the concept of needing to raise money to help others less fortunate than themselves.
Telling a story using totem poles
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: February 2017

Making bold bright columns can encourage children to focus on their heritage and identity, while studying other cultures, as well as adding some extra magic and mystery to the mix.
Finding fascinating fastenings
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: February 2017

We have already looked at heuristic play in this issue, making the most of open-ended resources that are easy to collect and access. This article explores zips and buttons.
Going really wild in the garden
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: February 2017

Not all settings can be forest schools, but it is possible to create exciting experiences in gardens that encourage children to challenge themselves by taking reasonable risks.
‘Secondary spine injury’: how language affects future research and treatment
Authors: McDonald Neil
Published: February 2017

Secondary spine injury can refer to neurologic deterioration resulting either from the clinical course of the original insult or from additional trauma. Early studies on the pre-hospital management of potential spinal injuries observed this distinction; later studies did not. This commentary argues a) that the convention of ascribing all cases of neurologic deterioration to additional movement or improper handling is unsupported, and b) that future research into best practices in the pre-hospital management of potential spinal injuries should adopt specific terminology to distinguish between the different senses of secondary spine injury.
Analisis Spasial Respon Bendungan terhadap Model Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) Berdasarkan Karakteristik Mikrotremor, Geologi Regional dan Amatan Instrumentasi pada Bendungan Sermo Kulonprogo
Authors: Wibowo Nugroho Budi , Gunawan Arif
Published: February 2017

This study is a comprehensive-descriptive analysis elaboration to seismic hazards on Sermo Dam, while in terms of microtremor characteristic (PGA model), its regional geology and observation of instrumentation on it. Sermo Dam is the only one water resources infrastructure which lies in The Yogyakarta Province at time of earthquake disaster happened on May 2006. Basic theories used in this case are HVSR methods, determining sediment thickness, and Kanai Method for Maximum Ground Acceleration, Then, based on these we can analyze characteristics of responsiveness damin the form of local spatial region focused by amplitude (A), dominance frequency (fo), time period (T), sediment thickness (H) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) based on microtremor approarch with seismograph TDS 303S. Besides, by an analysis on regional geology that can be obtainable the characteristic of Sermo Dam foundation which lies on the Old Andesite (Kebo Butak) Formation. They are relatively robust when subjected to seismic vibration of middle class to below (less than 7 Richter scale on design). Also it has some declining periodic trends by main dam whereas there is still in the initial stage of design tolerance. The final result is zoning classification of damage
potential with: (1) region by PGA values of 0.04≤ a <0.15g which they are minor impact damage on their buildings; (2) region by PGA values of 0.15≤ a <0.34g which they are medium impact damage on their buildings. The damage level is comparable by inclining of filler material thickness at dam
site.
Sifat Mekanik Gigi Tiruan Akrilik dengan Penguat Serat Gelas
Authors: Sitorus Zuriah , Maghfirah Awan , Romania Yoshephin , Humaidi Syahrul
Published: February 2017

The research is aimed to investigate the possibility of acrylic-reinforced glass fibre as a denture. Short glass fibre was made by variation of 4mm, 6 mm and 8mm. The results showed a good adhesion between glass fibre and acrylic resin with an optimum composition of the denture (acrylic: oil : glass fibre = 10 gr : 4.5 mL : 0.13 gr) was achieved. The density test was conducted by using Archimedes’ method, whereas compressive strength and tensile strength by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The results showed that glass fibre can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of acrylic resin. The optimum composition was achieved when 6 mm fibre had been added-in with a density of 1.2256 gr/cm3. A compressive strength of 76.623 MPa and a tensile strength of 71.207 MPa were recorded, these values can be applied as a denture.