bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical videos used for face-to-face and virtual oral assessment: experiences of examiners and trainees.
Authors: Baatjes K , Conradie W , Edge J M , Archer E
Published: October 2023

Background

Varied assessment strategies are required in the process of deciding whether a surgeon is competent to graduate. Despite doubts about the reliability of the oral examination and the challenges of standardising examiner practices, it remains an important assessment method in surgical exit examinations. Structured orals may facilitate the measurement of course outcomes.

Objectives

This study explored the experiences of surgical trainees and examiners using a video-assisted, mock structured oral examination (SOE) as an assessment tool.

Methods

This descriptive study incorporated procedural videos in a case-based SOE format. One group of trainees had face-to-face contact with the examiner, and the other was assessed on an online platform, e.g., Microsoft Teams™, with a remote examiner. After the SOE, a focus group interview was conducted with surgical trainees and individual interviews with examiners.

Results

Themes were developed from the interview transcripts. These centred around the utility of videos in this examination format and technical issues during the SOE. Further themes highlighted the standardization of questions and preparation of examiners.

Conclusion

Overall, procedural videos as part of the mock SOE were experienced as valuable. Adding video recordings to the online platform posed administrative and technical challenges. However, the trainees and the examiners could log in from peripheral clinical training sites, which was experienced as an advantage. This study provides a glimpse into the application of procedural videos during SOEs as an assessment tool, from the perspective of surgical trainees and examiners. Efforts should focus on standardization of the examination format, optimizing technical issues, and improving examiner preparation.
Perceptions and experiences of employers and mentors of graduate optometrists’ practice readiness in South Africa
Authors: Putter T , Van Staden D , Munsamy A J
Published: October 2023

Background. Optometry graduates are a key source of new recruits for private practice employers, the largest employer of South African (SA) optometry graduates. Universities should ensure that graduates are employable to compete in the labour market and to practise.Objective. To gain an understanding of the practice readiness of optometry graduates who qualified from SA institutions between 2016 and 2020, from the perspective of private practice employers and mentors (EMs).Methods. Using non-probability convenience sampling, private optometry EMs of recent graduates were invited to complete an online questionnaire designed around the core competencies for health professionals in SA. Quantitative data retrieved from a five-point Likert scale were analysed employing SPSS software, using the one-sample t-test, factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha.Results. EMs (N=28) felt that graduates showed satisfactory competence in theoretical knowledge, communication, collaboration and professional skills, but weaknesses in aspects of clinical skills, leadership and management skills, and health-advocacy skills. The specific areas of weaknesses identified were dispensing skills, leadership, handling of criticism, handling of stress, implementing processes to improve services, industry awareness and practice management. All questions, except two questions for scholarly and professional skills, had an acceptable level of reliability.Conclusion. Practice readiness was viewed favourably by EMs for optometry graduates, but the specific weaknesses identified in the curriculum include stakeholder involvement from private employers. Increasing the diversity of clinical hours, including rotations in private practices, as well as facilitating and promoting work-based learning may strengthen practice readiness.
Redéfinir démocratiquement les besoins pour planifier l’économie
Authors: Durand Folco Jonathan , Fourrier Ambre , Tremblay-Pepin Simon
Published: October 2023

Alors que la notion de besoin reste largement sous-théorisée au sein de la littérature sur les modèles économiques postcapitalistes, peu d’analyses sur les besoins remettent en question le capitalisme ou réfléchissent aux façons de satisfaire ceux-ci en dehors de ce système économique. Cet article propose de surmonter cette lacune en mettant en dialogue la riche littérature sur les besoins et celle sur les modèles de planification économique démocratique afin d’éclairer les manières de définir collectivement les besoins. Après un bref survol d’études sur les besoins à travers diverses disciplines, le cadre de la « lutte pour l’interprétation des besoins » de Nancy Fraser est mobilisé pour montrer comment ceux-ci peuvent être débattus dans l’arène démocratique. L’articulation de ces réflexions avec divers modèles de planification économique permet de combler certains angles morts concernant la définition démocratique des besoins.
L’advocacy coalition framework et le changement de politiques à l’égard de la diaspora au Cameroun
Authors: Ntienjom Mbohou Léger Félix
Published: October 2023

Cet article mobilise l’advocacy coalition framework (ACF) pour examiner le changement de politique vis-à-vis de la diaspora longtemps perçue par les autorités publiques comme une menace à la sécurité et à la stabilité du Cameroun ; et, depuis le milieu des années 2000, érigée en acteur à mobiliser en faveur du développement socioéconomique du pays. Il apparaît que l’ACF est applicable aux changements de politiques dans un État africain caractérisé par un contexte politique relativement instable. Notre analyse qui s’appuie sur une enquête auprès de fonctionnaires, d’experts et de professionnels démontre notamment que l’apprentissage politique peut influer sur les croyances fondamentales d’une coalition.
β-arrestin-dependent and -independent endosomal G protein activation by the vasopressin type 2 receptor
Authors: Daly Carole , Guseinov Akim Abdul , Hahn Hyunggu , Wright Adam , Tikhonova Irina G. , Thomsen Alex Rojas Bie , Plouffe Bianca
Published: October 2023

The vasopressin type 2 receptor (V
2
R) is an essential GPCR in renal regulation of water homeostasis. Upon stimulation, the V
2
R activates Gα
s
and Gα
q/11
, which is followed by robust recruitment of β-arrestins and receptor internalization into endosomes. Unlike canonical GPCR signaling, the β-arrestin association with the V
2
R does not terminate Gα
s
activation, and thus, Gα
s
-mediated signaling is sustained while the receptor is internalized. Here, we demonstrate that this V
2
R ability to co-interact with G protein/β-arrestin and promote endosomal G protein signaling is not restricted to Gα
s
, but also involves Gα
q/11
. Furthermore, our data implies that β-arrestins potentiate Gα
s
/Gα
q/11
activation at endosomes rather than terminating their signaling. Surprisingly, we found that the V
2
R internalizes and promote endosomal G protein activation independent of β-arrestins to a minor degree. These new observations challenge the current model of endosomal GPCR signaling and suggest that this event can occur in both β-arrestin-dependent and -independent manners.The vasopressin type 2 receptor promotes dual Gα
s
and Gα
q/11
signaling at early endosomes in β-arrestin-dependent and -independent manners.
Homeodomain proteins hierarchically specify neuronal diversity and synaptic connectivity
Authors: Xu Chundi , Ramos Tyler B. , Rogers Edward M. , Reiser Michael B. , Doe Chris Q.
Published: October 2023

How our brain generates diverse neuron types that assemble into precise neural circuits remains unclear. Using
Drosophila
lamina neurons (L1-L5), we show that the homeodomain transcription factor (HDTF) Brain-specific homeobox (Bsh) is initiated in progenitors and maintained in L4/L5 neurons to adulthood. Bsh specifies L4/L5 fate by activating HDTFs Ap (L4) and Pdm3 (L5) and repressing the HDTF Zfh1 to prevent ectopic L1/L3 fate, thereby generating lamina neuronal diversity. Subsequently, Bsh and Ap function in a feed-forward loop within postmitotic L4 neurons to activate the synapse recognition molecule DIP-β, thereby specifying synaptic connectivity. Expression of a Bsh:Dam fusion specifically in L4 reveals Bsh binding to the
DIP-β
locus and candidate L4 functional identity genes. We propose that HDTFs function hierarchically to coordinate neuronal molecular identity, circuit formation, and function. Hierarchical HDTFs may represent a conserved mechanism for linking neuronal diversity to circuit assembly and function.
Notch signaling and Bsh homeodomain activity are integrated to diversify Drosophila lamina neuron types
Authors: Xu Chundi , Ramos Tyler B. , Marshall Owen , Doe Chris Q.
Published: October 2023

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for specifying binary neuronal fates, yet its mechanism remains elusive. In our accompanying paper, using the
Drosophila
lamina neurons (L1- L5) as a model, we show that the homeodomain transcription factor (HDTF) Bsh specifies L4 and L5 fates. Here we test the hypothesis that Notch signaling enables Bsh to differentially specify L4 and L5 fates. We show asymmetric Notch signaling between newborn L4 and L5 neurons, but they are not siblings; rather, Notch signaling in L4 is due to Delta expression in adjacent L1 neurons. While Notch signaling and Bsh expression are mutually independent, Notch is necessary and sufficient for Bsh to specify L4 fate over L5. With Notch signaling, L4 generates a distinct open chromatin landscape which results in distinct Bsh genome-binding loci, leading to L4-specific gene transcription. We propose that Notch signaling and HDTF function are integrated to diversify neuronal types.
Epiperipatus puri sp. nov., a new velvet worm from Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil (Onychophora, Peripatidae)
Authors: Costa Cristiano Sampaio , Mendes Amanda Cruz , Giupponi Alessandro Ponce de Leão
Published: October 2023

Epiperipatus ohausi (Bouvier, 1900) is the first species known from Rio de Janeiro, and more than 120 years later a new species is described in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). In this study, we describe the second species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, which we are naming in honor of the indigenous population called puri who resided in southeastern coastal Brazil. The species can be diagnosed mainly by large dorsal primary papillae close to the insertion of the legs drawing a light band from the anterior to the posterior region of the body, and large dorsal primary papillae alternating on the dorsal plicae. Moreover, they are recognized in vivo by the color of the diamond-shaped marks brownish orange on the dorsal portion of the body. Epiperipatus puri sp. nov. morphologically seems to be related to Epiperipatus acacioi (Marcus & Marcus, 1995) by the shape of the primary papillae apical piece and to E. ohausi by the resemblance of dorsal papillae. The phylogeny shows a close relationship between the new species and E. ohausi in a clade with a still undescribed species from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil located within the Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened biomes in the world.
Mitochondrial sequence data reveal population structure within Pustulosa pustulosa
Authors: Rodriguez David , Harding Stephen F. , Sirsi Shashwat , McNichols-O’Rourke Kelly , Morris Todd , Forstner Michael R. J. , Schwalb Astrid N.
Published: October 2023

Unionid mussels are among the most imperiled group of organisms in North America, and Pustulosa pustulosa is a freshwater species with a relatively wide latitudinal distribution that extends from southern Ontario, Canada, to Texas, USA. Considerable morphological and geographic variation in the genus Pustulosa (formerly Cyclonaias) has led to uncertainty over species boundaries, and recent studies have suggested revisions to species-level classifications by synonymizing C. aurea, C. houstonensis, C. mortoni, and C. refulgens with C. pustulosa (currently P. pustulosa). Owing to its wide range and shallow phylogenetic differentiation, we analyzed individuals of P. pustulosa using mitochondrial DNA sequence data under a population genetics framework. We included 496 individuals, which were comprised of 166 samples collected during this study and 330 additional sequences retrieved from GenBank. Pairwise ΦST measures based on ND1 data suggested there may be up to five major geographic groups present within P. pustulosa. Genetic differentiation between regions within Texas was higher compared to populations from the Mississippi and Great Lakes populations, which may reflect differences in historical connectivity. Mitochondrial sequence data also revealed varying demographic histories for each major group suggesting each geographic region has also experienced differential population dynamics in the past. Future surveys should consider exploring variation within species after phylogeographic delimitation has been performed. In this study, we begin to address this need for freshwater mussels via the P. pustulosa system.
Long non-coding RNA NMRAL2P promotes glycolysis and reduces ROS in head and neck tumors by interacting with the ENO1 protein and promoting GPX2 transcription
Authors: Nie Qian , Cao Huan , Yang JianWang , Liu Tao , Wang BaoShan
Published: October 2023

Background

Metabolic reprogramming is a key marker in the occurrence and development of tumors. This process generates more reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting the development of oxidative stress. To prevent ROS from harming tumor cells, tumor cells can increase the production of reducing agents to counteract excessive ROS. NMRAL2P has been shown to promote the production of reductive mRNA and plays an important role in the process of oxidative stress.

Methods

In this study, the clinical data and RNA sequencing of head and neck tumors were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. The long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) related to oxidative stress were then identified using differential and correlation analyses. The differential expression and prognosis of the identified lncRNA were then verified using samples from the library of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Only NMRAL2P was substantially expressed in cancer tissues and predicted a poor prognosis. The tumor-promoting impact of NMRAL2P was then confirmed using in vitro functional assays. The data set was then split into high- and low-expression subgroups based on the median gene expression of NMRAL2P to obtain the mRNA that had a large difference between the two groups, and examine the mechanism of NMRAL2P on GPX2 using quantitative real-time PCR, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Mass spectrometry was used to identify NMRAL2P-binding proteins and western blotting was used to investigate probable mechanisms.

Results

The lncRNA NMRAL2P is associated with oxidative stress in head and neck tumors. In vitro functional assays showed that the gene has a cancer-promoting effect, increasing lactic acid and superoxide dismutase production, and reducing the production of ROS and malondialdehyde. NMRAL2P promotes the transcription of GPX2 by binding to transcription factor Nrf2. The gene also inhibits the degradation of ENO1, a crucial enzyme in glycolysis, by binding to protein ENO1.

Conclusions

This study shows that NMRAL2P can promote glycolysis and reduce the harm to tumor cells caused by ROS. The gene can also be used as a possible target for the treatment of head and neck tumors.
EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM) ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: OGUNKOYA Olufemi , ADEBAYO Abiodun , SOREMEKUN Oluwatobi
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of knowledge management on organizational performance in Nigeria manufacturing sector. The research employed primary data sources, with a sample size of two hundred and twenty (220) completed and returned questionnaires. The collected cross-sectional data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and correlation coefficients, indicating that the overall regression model was appropriate. The finding shows that knowledge creation has a significant effect on organization performance in Nigeria manufacturing sector and it was also revealed that knowledge sharing has a significant effect on organization performance in Nigeria manufacturing sector. The study concluded that knowledge management is considered a crucial factor for the competitiveness of organizations in the current business environment. As a recommendation, organizations are advised to establish knowledge-sharing platforms such as databases, intranets, and training activities to facilitate efficient knowledge sharing among staff and different divisions within the organization.
The THE INFLUENCE OF LOGISTICS AND WEBSITE FUNCTIONALITY ON THE E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN’S RETAIL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Tobakabylova Ilnara , Akhmetova Zauresh
Published: October 2023

The proliferation of the Internet, as well as its utilization as a marketing tool, has led to a shift in traditional distribution channels from street-side stores to e-commerce. It is, therefore, essential to conduct in-depth research regarding the scope of e-commerce usage in order to develop a more efficient marketing strategy for retail entities. This paper aims to explore the parameters for a culture-driven marketing strategy in Kazakhstan, a country that is characterized by a high uncertainty avoidance culture. A qualitative data collection (n=250) for cross-sectional analysis of retail enterprises in Kazakhstan was conducted to identify cultural differences that may affect customers’ perception of marketing and logistics. This survey was divided into four main categories and the results of trust-based marketing strategies were analyzed through multiple regressions, t-tests and 95% confidence interval for p-value estimations. The findings revealed the lack of interest in the transparency level of the grocery retailers, as well as an inclination towards cash-on-delivery methods in risk aversive cultures.
THE IMPACT OF ISO 9001 ON FINANCIAL LIQUIDITY OF SMES OPERATING IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR IN THE PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE
Authors: ZIMON Grzegorz , SALEHI Mahdi
Published: October 2023

The years 2020–2022 are a time of crises caused by pandemics and the war in Ukraine. In order to survive on the market, enterprises have been forced to introduce appropriate mechanisms that would allow them to run their business without disruption. Among the many tools or strategies that have been tested by various types and types of enterprises, quality management systems play an important role. They make it possible to improve the efficiency of managing the company's assets, retain contractors or lead to an improvement in financial results. Through the use of appropriate quality management systems, there is an improvement in the areas of receivables from customers and inventories. Mistakes made in inventory management create unnecessary costs and sometimes even stop sales. In turn, improper management of receivables reduces the financial liquidity of the company. Therefore, it is particularly important to introduce appropriate tools to improve the quality of management in these two areas. The aim of the article is to analyze and evaluate the functioning of enterprises during the crisis caused by the Covid pandemic. The analysis covered enterprises using quality management systems and entities that do not use such systems. The analysis showed that entities using quality management systems obtained better results regarding financial security.
Management Practices, Perceived Constraints and Estimation of Biochemical Parameters in Indigenous Goats of Gwalior City of Central India
Authors: Gautam Anjali , Govil Kumar , Yadav Jitendra , Oad Amit , Mishra Anjani Kumar , Ojha Brijesh Kumar , Singh Abhilasha
Published: October 2023

Aim: A study was conducted in order to analyze goat rearing practices prevailing in the Gwalior City of Central India and to identify the constraints in goat farming.

Study Design: Data of ninety six indigenous goats of 2 to 5 age group from thirty respondents from the district was collected.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Gwalior City of Central India during July 2023.

Methodology: The data pertaining to goat rearing practices being followed and constraints being faced were collected with the help of pre-structured interview schedule after ensuring its reliability and validity. To evaluate the nutritional status of the animals the blood sample of twenty four randomly selected female goats of 2 to 5 years of age was taken from Jugular vein for the normal biochemical profile.

Results: It was observed that total protein and serum calcium level was significantly lower than normal value, while. Alkaline phosphates, SGOT and SGPT and blood urea levels are higher than the normal values.

Conclusion: It is concluded that goats reared on extensive system of rearing have poor reproductive performance (higher age at first kidding and kidding interval and low twinning rate) due to lack of scientific management and feeding practices by goat farmers of Gwalior City of Central India
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Multiple Infections Manifested with Quotidian Pyrexia: A Case Report
Authors: Jemimah D. Fragrance , Raju Gency Ann , Hariharan S. , Thenmozhi G.
Published: October 2023

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening immune regulatory condition that can cause end-organ damage and death. HLH is clinically characterized by uncontrolled activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages that can lead to a cytokine storm. Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia, and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, spleen, or lymph nodes are the hallmarks of the disease. Its primary (genetic) form is typically observed in pediatric patients whereas its secondary, acquired form is seen in adult patients with an underlying autoimmune, malignant, or infectious disease. Here, we present a case of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a 70-year-old male with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, severe prolonged COVID-19, and multiple infections who presented with persistent pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Diagnosis and management of HLH in adults are often extrapolated from the pediatric HLH-94 and HLH-2004 protocols. The management includes etoposide-based regimens containing corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), intrathecal therapy, and liberal allogeneic stem cell transplant use in higher-risk patients. Due to the diverse clinical manifestations and the presence of numerous diagnostic mimics, the diagnosis of HLH is challenging. Since the prognosis is typically poor, prompt diagnosis and strong treatment are required. Here is a description of how our patient is diagnosed and treated based on the HLH 2004 protocol.
The Effect of Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) on Sunflower ‎Production
Authors: Prabhakar K. , Venkataramanamma K. , Reddy B. V. R. P. , Kumar Y. S. Satish , Ramesh K. , Narasimhulu R. , Babu K. Satish , Kumar K. Arun , Venkateswarlu N. C.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2017-18 to 2021-22 at Regional Agricultural Research station Nandyal to study the SSNM effect on yield system economics of sunflower based emerging cropping systems and soil nutrient status. Maize- sunflower cropping system recorded significantly higher sunflower equivalent yield which is on par with Soybean- sunflower cropping system. Gross and net returns were highest with maize – sunflower cropping system with 100% STCR fertilizer dose followed by Soybean - sunflower cropping system with 100% STCR fertilizer dose. Minimum returns were obtained when Sunflower - chickpea cropping system with 50% STCR adopted. Under ID condition cultivation of maize – sunflower cropping system with 100% STCR fertilizer dose to rabi sunflower showing effect on productivity and profitability of cropping system instead of sunflower- chickpea cropping system with RDF. Initial and final soil available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium nutrients status was estimated in all rabi crop seasons of investigation which shown significant effect due to cropping systems and fertilizer doses.
Structure and Dynamics of Granivorous Birds in Rice Fields Lowlands of the Yamoussoukro District, Central Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Odoukpé Kadio Saint Guillaume , Gueye Monnoin Frédéric , Kouassi Koffi Narcisse , N’da Amalan Sylvie
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study was conducted to identify seed-eating birds and their dynamics in four rice-growing lowlands.

Place and Duration of Study: Nana, Petit Bouaké, Subiakro and Zatta rice-growing lowlands in the Yamoussoukro district (Central Côte d’Ivoire) from May 2021 to April 2022.

Methodology: Seed-eating birds were surveyed using the line transect method between 6.30 am and 6.30 pm. At each site, four surveys were carried out per month.

Results: In total, 22 species of seed-eating birds belonging to six families and three orders were inventoried in the rice-growing lowlands of the Yamoussoukro district. Among them, Village weaver Ploceus cucullatus, Red-headed Quelea Quelea erythrops and Bronze Mannikin Spermestes cucullata were the predominant species. Five other species, Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata, Magpie Mannikin Spermestes fringilloides, Northern Grey-headed Sparrow Passer griseus, Yellow-mantled Widowbird Euplectes macroura and Black-winged Bishop Euplectes hordeaceus were regular in these lowland rice fields. Numbers of these seed-eating birds were highest at the Subiakro site and at the spike development and maturation of the rice. In addition, their numbers were highest between March and October and lowest between November and February.

Conclusion: This study indicates that eight seed-eating birds are likely to cause significant damage to rice crops, but their pressure could be reduced by planning harvests between November and February.
Antidiabetic and Antiinflammatory Activities of Ursolic Acid (3 - beta-3hyrdoxy-urs-12-ene -8-oic-acid), a Triterpenoid from Leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae)
Authors: Odoh Uchenna Estella , Sangwan Payare L. , Odo Chinenye Cynthia
Published: October 2023

Background: Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic terpenoid carboxylic acid widely found in medicinal plants has been reported to have multifarious biological activities such as antiinflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities.

Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activities of Ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of leaves of Stachytarpheta jamiacensis (L) Vahl (Verbenaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: A dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) leaves extract was prepared by cold maceration. Dichloromethane fraction obtained from the dichloromethane: methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with different solvents of increasing polarity to isolate the bioactive compounds. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS). Phytochemical analysis of the isolate and acute toxicity study was done following standard procedures. The anti-diabetic potential was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose level on hyperglycemic rats at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg for a period of 14days. The isolated compounds’ antiinflammatory activity was investigated using egg albumin-induced rat paw edema in mice at dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight.

Results: Ursolic acid (3-beta-3hyrdoxy-urs-12-ene -8- oic-acid) isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis showed significant (p<0.05) reduction (72.79 and 79.77%) in fasting blood glucose levels at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively in treated diabetic animals when compared with the diabetic control. A 77.77 % reduction was observed for standard drug (glibenclamide). Ursolic acid at 20 mg/kg exhibited a maximum inhibition (75.00%, p<0.05) of carrageenan-induced ear edema in mice. It showed positive for terpenoids.  There was no death recorded in the acute toxicity test at doses of up to 5000 mg/kg.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl possesses significant anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Factors Affecting Adoption of Harari Fuel-Efficient Stoves among Rural Households in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia
Authors: Umer Yusuf , Abdi Eliyas , Abdumalik Mohammed , Chavula Petros
Published: October 2023

Developing countries attempt different programs and projects to promote and disseminate improved cookstoves with health, economic, and environmental benefits. However, it is also important to understand the factors affecting people's decisions to adopt fuel-efficient cookstoves. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves among rural households in Dire Dawa Administration Ethiopia. The study used a mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods to achieve objectives. Data was collected from 152 sample households randomly selected from the study area (55=adopters and 97=non-adopters) from four rural kebeles (villages). The collected data through household surveys was analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one sample t-test, and binary logistic regression using Stata 16SE software. One sample t‐test result revealed that residents do have a positive attitude toward the benefits of fuel-efficient stoves with statistical significance at P< 0.001 probability. Logistic regression results revealed that access to extension services, awareness of fuel-efficient stoves, kitchen service, and education level of household head were found to be significant in determining the probability of fuel-efficient stove adoption at P< 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that the main barriers to the adoption of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove were a lack of awareness about the benefits of the stove and the size of the household kitchen. However, the study also found a low adoption rate of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove in the study area.  This is due to a variety of factors, such as culture, socioeconomic, institutional, financial, and resource endowments. Thus, policymakers should prioritize the variables indicated above to encourage the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves in the study area as well as in other parts of Ethiopia.
Türkiye'ye Yapılan Amerikan İktisadi Yardımları Bağlamında Menderes'in ABD Ziyaretleri: Dış Politika İç Politika Etkileşimi Üzerine Vaka Çalışması
Authors: AYDIN İmren
Published: October 2023

Türkiye, II. Dünya Savaşının olumsuz ekonomik etkilerini hafifletebilmek için Truman Doktrini ve Marshall Planı’ndan yararlanmış, askeri gücünü arttırmak için ise NATO üyesi olmuştur. 8 Temmuz 1948’de başlayan ve 31 Aralık 1951 itibariyle sona eren Marshall Planı’nın ardından Türkiye, ABD’den hususi kaynak aktarımı yoluyla iktisadi yardım almayı sürdürmüştür. Başbakan Adnan Menderes, batı demokrasilerinin emniyeti için Türkiye’nin üzerindeki SSCB tehdidi ortadan kalkıncaya dek Türkiye’ye yapılacak ekonomik yardımların artarak devam etmesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. Yardımların azalması ya da sona ermesi ihtimali belirdiğinde Menderes; yardımların devamını sağlamak için 1954 ve 1959’da ABD’yi ziyaret etmiştir. Ev sahibi ülkenin Türk heyetine karşı tutumu, 1954 ve 1959’da birbirlerinden son derece farklı olmuş; Menderes’in karşılanması, resmi temasların niteliği ve ziyaretin amacına ulaşması noktasında iki ziyaret birbirinden farklı seyretmiştir. Ziyaretlerde yaşananlar Menderes’in siyasi kariyerinde yükselişi ve düşüşü ile paralellik arz etmiştir.
CLIMATE CHANGE RISK TO MARITIME BOUNDARIES: A TAILORED METHODOLOGY FOR THE BLUE PACIFIC
Authors: Izaguirre Cristina , Kumar Kishan , Rokoua Virginia , Lee Gary , Espejo Antonio , Hanson Toby , Kruger Jens
Published: October 2023

Climate change and sea-level rise threatens the wellbeing and security of the peoples of the Pacific, as it poses a major challenge to ocean jurisdictions and rights over critical resources for large ocean Pacific Islands Countries (PICs). Increasing concerns on challenges posed by climate change to maritime boundaries in the Pacific, and the need for decision-ready products motivated the development of a methodology of climate change risk assessment tailored for the Blue Pacific. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology to address the implications of climate change on maritime zones considering technical, scientific, and legal aspects. The methodology consists of a climate change risk assessment to the maritime features used to generate maritime zones by the states under analysis. The aim of this assessment is to identify and prioritise features with the highest risk of destabilising maritime zones, to conduct in-depth analysis, and to recommend adaptation options.
INNOVATIVE SEAWALL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT IN NSW, AUSTRALIA: 4 RECENT CASE STUDIES
Authors: Patterson Nat
Published: October 2023

Coastal development is coming under increasing pressure from climate change. Management of erosion hazards essentially involves retreat or protection. Where hard coastal protection structures are selected, the aesthetics and amenity benefit, in addition to the protection functionality, are subjected to ever-increasing scrutiny. With legislative changes in NSW essentially limiting temporary coastal protection to sand-filled geocontainer structures and decision-makers becoming more stringent about hard structures, the demand for temporary structures is also on the rise. This presentation will cover four recent, completed case studies in NSW including two temporary medium-term structures at Stockton (Newcastle) using geocontainer and Rock Bags and two longer term hard structures at Kingscliff (Tweed Shire) and Avoca (Central Coast). Innovative solutions have been developed for the varying design scenarios.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMISATION AND COASTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS OF WAVE FARMS
Authors: David Daniel R. , Hansen Jeff , Lowe Ryan , Kurniawan Adi , Wolgamot Hugh , Rijnsdorp Dirk
Published: October 2023

To add to the global renewable energy mix, ocean waves are a consilient and energy-dense untapped resource. However, to generate power on a commercial scale, wave energy converters (WECs) will need to be deployed in arrays or “wave farms”. When deployed as a farm, WECs interact with each other hydrodynamically through the radiated and/or scattered waves. These interactions can either enhance or diminish the overall performance of the system commonly referred to as the “interaction factor (q)” or “park effect”. Thus it is crucial to understand these array interactions to minimize destructive effects. Furthermore, wave farms deployed nearshore have the potential to modify the downstream hydrodynamics and may alter the nearshore circulation patterns due to the attenuation of the wave field. Such changes to the nearshore hydrodynamics may in turn alter sediment transport pathways and could lead to erosion and/or accretion of beaches. This implies that for a commercialscale deployment, understanding how the array interacts with the incident wave field is critical for both understanding power production (and the levelized cost of energy) and potential downstream impacts. The overarching aim of this work is to advance the wave energy industry towards commercial-scale deployment by leading to more efficient/optimal designs (with reduced levelized cost).
The Model State Indoor Air Quality Act
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. , Hodge James G. , Gronvall Gigi K.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how poor indoor air quality can affect health and examines the Model State Indoor Air Quality Act, which provides science-based regulatory standards aimed at ensuring public indoor environments provide healthy air.
Advancing Collaborative Care for Autistic Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kalb Luther G. , Contractor Almira , Engel Charles
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses an implementation strategy for the Collaborative Care Model to address the need for proper evaluation and treatment for autistic children with a co-occurring mental health condition.
Development of machine learning model to predict pulmonary function with low‐dose CT‐derived parameter response mapping in a community‐based chest screening cohort
Authors: Zhou Xiuxiu , Pu Yu , Zhang Di , Guan Yu , Lu Yang , Zhang Weidong , Fu Chi‐Cheng , Fang Qu , Zhang Hanxiao , Liu Shiyuan , Fan Li
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To construct and evaluate the performance of a machine learning‐based low dose computed tomography (LDCT)‐derived parametric response mapping (PRM) model for predicting pulmonary function test (PFT) results.

Materials and methods

A total of 615 subjects from a community‐based screening population (40–74 years old) with PFT parameters, including the ratio of the first second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the one second predicted (FEV1%), and registered inspiration‐to‐expiration chest CT scanning were enrolled retrospectively. Subjects were classified into a normal, high risk, and COPD group based on PFT. Data of 72 PRM‐derived quantitative parameters were collected, including volume and volume percentage of emphysema, functional‐small airways disease, and normal lung tissue. A machine‐learning with random forest regression model and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model were constructed and tested on PFT prediction, which was followed by evaluation of classification performance based on the PFT predictions.

Results

The machine‐learning model based on PRM parameters showed better performance for predicting PFT than MLP, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.749 and 0.792 for FEV1/FVC and FEV1%, respectively. The Mean Squared Errors (MSE) for FEV1/FVC and FEV1% are 0.0030 and 0.0097 for the random forest model, respectively. The Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE) for FEV1/FVC and FEV1% are 0.055 and 0.098, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for differentiating between the normal group and high‐risk group were 34/40 (85%), 65/72 (90%), and 99/112 (88%), respectively. For differentiating between the non‐COPD group and COPD group, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 8/9 (89%), 112/112 (100%), 120/121 (99%), respectively.

Conclusions

The machine learning‐based random forest model predicts PFT results in a community screening population based on PRM, and it identifies high risk COPD from normal populations with high sensitivity and reliably predicts of high‐risk COPD.
Uptake of the Gout and Crystal Arthritis Network Consensus Statements for Gout Nomenclature
Authors: Prendergast Ellen , Dalbeth Nicola , Bursill David , Frampton Chris , Stamp Lisa K.
Published: October 2023

Objective

In 2019, the Gout and Crystal Arthritis Network (G‐CAN) published consensus statements for the nomenclature of disease elements and states in gout. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to the G‐CAN consensus nomenclature statements since publication.

Methods

American College of Rheumatology and EULAR conference abstracts were searched using online databases for the keywords ‘gout,’ ‘urate,’ ‘uric acid,’ ‘hyperuricaemia,’ ‘tophus,’ and/or ‘tophi’ before and after publication of the consensus statements (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, respectively). Abstracts were manually searched for labels used to reference gout disease elements and states. Use of the G‐CAN–agreed labels, as well as alternatives, were compared between the two time periods.

Results

There were 988 abstracts included in the analysis: 596 in 2016 to 2017 and 392 in 2020 to 2021. Use of the agreed labels ‘urate’ and ‘gout flare’ increased between the two periods. There were 219 of 383 abstracts (57.2%) with the agreed label ‘urate’ in 2016 to 2017 compared with 164 of 232 (70.7%) in 2020 to 2021 (P = 0.001). There were 60 of 175 abstracts (34.3%) with the agreed label ‘gout flare’ in 2016 to 2017 compared with 57 of 109 (52.3%) in 2020 to 2021 (P = 0.003). Consistent with the G‐CAN statement, use of the label ‘chronic gout’ reduced between the two time periods. There were 29 of 596 abstracts (4.9%) in 2016 to 2017 that used the label ‘chronic gout’ compared with 8 of 392 abstracts (2.0%) in 2020 to 2021 (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Use of G‐CAN–agreed gout labels has increased, but gout nomenclature remains imprecise. Additional efforts are needed to ensure consistent use of agreed nomenclature for gout in the scientific literature.
Health Care Providers’ Experiences of a Mandatory Nationwide Transition to an Adalimumab Biosimilar
Authors: Gasteiger Chiara , Lobo Maria , Wong Lun Shen , Murdoch Rachel , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: October 2023

Objective

Transitioning patients to biosimilars has become common to reduce costs and improve access. However, it is unclear how the transition process impacts health care providers at the frontline of the brand change. This study explores health care providers’ experiences of a mandatory brand change to an adalimumab biosimilar.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand with 164 providers involved in the nationwide adalimumab brand change. Rheumatologists (n = 39), rheumatology nurses (n = 16), and pharmacists (n = 109) completed a survey that assessed their satisfaction with logistics and supply, information and education, support, and administrative workload and reported what did and did not go well during the transition.

Results

The mean satisfaction score (0‐10) with the transition was 5.7 (SD = 2.6). Providers were the least satisfied with training for the biosimilar device, information from government agencies, and administrative workload during the transition. Satisfaction with adalimumab safety, efficacy and device quality, and the availability of sharps bins, alcohol wipes, and patient support was lower following the transition. Satisfaction with administrative workload (B = 0.37, P < 0.001) and training for the device (B = 0.20, P = 0.020) predicted overall satisfaction. Providers reported that a poorly implemented initial authorization process, loss of a patient support program, and insufficient communication between providers complicated the transition. The citrate‐free preservative and longer authorization duration after the transition were viewed positively.

Conclusion

Providers experienced an increased workload and reported less satisfaction with the biosimilar following the transition. Experiences may be improved by ensuring training for the device, a high‐quality patient support program, and functioning authorization processes throughout the transition.
Adipose‐Derived Stromal Cells Preserve Pancreatic Islet Function in a Transplantable 3D Bioprinted Scaffold
Authors: Abadpour Shadab , Niemi Essi M. , Orrhult Linnea Strid , Hermanns Carolin , de Vries Rick , Nogueira Liebert Parreiras , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Josefsen Dag , Krauss Stefan , Gatenholm Paul , van Apeldoorn Aart , Scholz Hanne
Published: October 2023

Intra‐portal islet transplantation is currently the only clinically approved beta cell replacement therapy, but its outcome is hindered by limited cell survival due to a multifactorial reaction against the allogeneic tissue in liver. Adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs) can potentially improve the islet micro‐environment by their immunomodulatory action. The challenge is to combine both islets and ASCs in a relatively easy and consistent long‐term manner in a deliverable scaffold. Manufacturing the 3D bioprinted double‐layered scaffolds with primary islets and ASCs using a mix of alginate/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) bioink is reported. The diffusion properties of the bioink and the supportive effect of human ASCs on islet viability, glucose sensing, insulin secretion, and reducing the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated. Diabetic mice transplanted with islet‐ASC scaffolds reach normoglycemia seven days post‐transplantation with no significant difference between this group and the group received islets under the kidney capsules. In addition, animals transplanted with islet‐ASC scaffolds stay normoglycemic and show elevated levels of C‐peptide compared to mice transplanted with islet‐only scaffolds. The data present a functional 3D bioprinted scaffold for islets and ASCs transplanted to the extrahepatic site and suggest a possible role of ASCs on improving the islet micro‐environment.
Oligo(phenylenevinylene)‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhong Yuelin , Dong Wenbo , Ren Shijie , Li Longyu
Published: October 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great advantages as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. However, the effect of linkage geometry and type of linkage on the extent of π‐electron conjugation in the plane of the framework and photocatalytic properties of COFs remains a significant challenge. Herein, two Kagome (kgm) topologic oligo(phenylenevinylene)‐based COFs are designed and synthesized for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via a “two in one” strategy. Under visible light irradiation, COF‐954 with 5 wt% Pt as cocatalyst exhibits high hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 137.23 mmol g−1h−1, outperforming most reported COF‐based photocatalysts. More importantly, even in natural seawater, COF‐954 shows an average HER of 191.70 mmol g−1h−1under ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) light irradiation. Additionally, the water‐drainage experiments indoors and outdoors demonstrate that 25 and 8 mL hydrogen gas could be produced in 80 min under UV–vis light and natural sunlight, respectively, corresponding to a high HER of 167.41 and 53.57 mmol h−1g−1. This work not only demonstrates an effective design strategy toward highly efficient COF‐based photocatalysts, but also shows the great potential of using the COF‐based photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Recent Advances in Lipase Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions to Synthesize N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Budhiraja Meenakshi , Ali Amjad , Tyagi Vikas
Published: October 2023

Biocatalysis has been an emerging field in organic synthetic chemistry in recent years and has significantly expanded the application of enzymes. Further, the concept of enzymatic promiscuity, where an enzyme catalyzes reactions beyond its natural function, has been recognized as a valuable phenomenon that can enhance the versatility of an enzyme as a biocatalyst. Recent advancements in organic synthesis, driven by the demand for more efficient and environmentally friendly processes, have led to the development of enzyme‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions such as Biginelli reaction, Hantzsch synthesis, Mannich, Ugi, etc. for the synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic compounds. While a number of enzymes have played an important role in this context, lipase enzyme is still indispensable due to its low cost, easy availability, and higher organic solvent tolerance. In particular, the immobilization of lipase enzyme on various supports enhances its stability, reusability, and efficiency in catalyzing organic transformation, which expands its role beyond traditional biocatalytic methods. In this review, we have mainly compiled the findings that highlight the synthetic applications of lipases in manufacturing several types of N‐containing heterocyclic compounds.