bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implant Insertion Torque Load Analysis for Mandible using CBCT Images
Authors: Venkatakrishnan CJ
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Osteoporotic patients require particular attention to their implant site bone quality as an indication of prognosis and may require modified surgical technique Insertion Torque (IT).

Aim

It is the purpose of this study to test whether IT is significantly correlated with bone density or not, as assessed by the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a group of osteopenic and osteoporotic patients.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 patients were included in the study. The mandibular second premolar region was chosen as the site of investigation to prevent variability in surgical implant placement technique in different locations affecting bone mineral density (BMD). Partially, edentulous female patients between 51 and 60 years of age who were scheduled to receive implant placement were recruited for the study. CBCT (Master Series 3D Dental Imaging) was used for preoperative evaluation of the jaws for each patient. Materialise's Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) was used to process stacks of 2D images from CBCT. Finite element analysis were carried out on bone using Ansys software. Maximum displacement and maximum stress—strain patterns were compared in normal, osteoporotic, and osteopenic groups.

Results

The difference in mean bone density in all three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05) (Table 1). FEA at 32, 36, 40 N in all 3 groups was statistically significant. (Table 2).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the study, the amount of stress—strain that exhibits at 40 N load in normal bone will be almost the same stress—strain given at 32 N load in osteoporotic bone. Normal IT load analysis exhibits more stress/strain in osteoporotic patients when compared with other groups, showing that IT must be achieved to an optimum level to avoid further complication and failures.

How to cite this article

Venkatakrishnan CJ, Bhuminathan S, Chandran CR. Implant Insertion Torque Load Analysis for Mandible using CBCT Images. World J Dent 2017;8(3):183-189.
Knowledge and Attitude toward Orthodontic Treatment among treated Subjects compared with Untreated Subjects and Correlation with Patient—Orthodontist Communication
Authors: Darout Ismail A
Published: June 2017

Aim

This study was designed to evaluate knowledge and awareness toward orthodontic treatment among treated subjects as compared with untreated subjects and to correlate the communications between treated subjects and their practicing orthodontists.

Materials and methods

Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to be completed by the consent subjects. They were 340 untreated subjects (220 males and 120 females) and 102 subjects (57 males and 45 females) who recently received orthodontic treatment in the age range 19 to 28 years. Subjects that received orthodontic treatment were selected among the attendees of clinics of College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 21, Institute Inc., USA).

Results

Subjects who received orthodontic treatment scored higher mean of total scores of awareness 14.74 and knowledge 11.18. The difference of awareness and knowledge between treated and untreated subjects was highly significant (p = 0.000). The female treated subjects scored higher than male treated subjects in attitude toward thumb sucking as a cause of malocclusion (91.3 and 70.2% respectively). Early primary teeth extraction as a cause of malocclusion was scored by 76.1% females and 42.1% males. The male treated subjects show significant (p > 0.05) correlation between the total items of knowledge of orthodontic treatment and total items of orthodontist—patient communications.

Conclusion

Orthodontic treated subjects have more knowledge and awareness about orthodontic treatment than untreated subjects. A significant association was found between communications and knowledge of orthodontic treatment in male as compared with female patients.

Clinical significance

Knowledge and awareness toward orthodontic treatment and the communications of orthodontic patients with treating orthodontist can significantly increase the orthodontic treatment outcome.

How to cite this article

Essamet M, Darout IA. Knowledge and Attitude toward Orthodontic Treatment among treated Subjects compared with Untreated Subjects and Correlation with Patient—Orthodontist Communication. World J Dent 2017;8(3):218-223.
Immediate Implant Placement with Simultaneous Regenerative Procedure in Fresh Extraction Socket
Authors: de Molon Rafael S
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aim of this case report was to reconstruct the alveolar buccal bone plate lost in consequence of a root fracture in the maxillary central incisor area after immediate implant placement (IIP). A 48-year-old patient was referred to our office with the chief complaint of spontaneous bleeding in his left central incisor. After careful examination, the following comprehensive treatment approach was carried out: (1) Atraumatic tooth extraction, (2) IIP, (3) provisional prosthesis installation, (4) alveolar buccal bone plate reconstruction with autologous bone collected from the maxillary tuberosity, (5) gingival augmentation procedure with connective tissue graft removed from the palate, and finally (6) adjustment of the provisional restoration. After 1-year postoperative, an adequate esthetic outcome was achieved with lower cost, reduced morbidity to the patient, and lower treatment time. This approach was able to improve gingival architecture and bone volume with adequate thickness and width, enhancing patient esthetics and satisfaction. In conclusion, when proper diagnosis, precise surgical techniques, and appropriate multidisciplinary approach are employed, IIP followed by immediate dentoalveolar restoration might be considered a safe procedure to restore the peri-implant bone and gingival recession favoring the achievement of appropriate esthetic outcomes.

Clinical significance

The treatment planning employed was able to improve gingival architecture and bone volume with sufficient width and thickness enhancing patient esthetics and satisfaction in one single-stage procedure.

How to cite this article

de Molon RS, de Avila ED, Barros- Filho LAB, Cirelli JA, Borelli-Barros LA. Immediate Implant Placement with Simultaneous Regenerative Procedure in Fresh Extraction Socket. World J Dent 2017;8(3):231-238.
Measure and compare the Degree of Root Canal Transportation and Canal-centering ability of Twisted, ProTaper, and Conventional Stainless Steel K Files using Spiral Computed Tomography: An in vitro Study
Authors: Babu Anulekh , Rejula F , Christalin R , Ahmed Waseem , Dinakaran Shiji , Gopinathan Anupama S
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare canal transportation and centering ability of Twisted files (TF) and ProTaper (PT) files with conventional stainless steel (SS) K files.

Materials and methods

Thirty mandibular premolar teeth with root curvature of 25 to 35° were selected. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of 10 each according to the type of files used for instrumentation. Group I was instrumented using TF, group II with PT files according to the manufacturer's recommendations, and group III with samples prepared with precurved SS K files using a step-back technique. After preparation, the samples were assessed using spiral computed tomography. Three sections were recorded at coronal, middle, and apical levels. Amount of transportation was assessed comparing with preinstrumentation images. Centering ability was calculated using Gambill's formula. The three groups were statistically compared using Student's t-test.

Results

Twisted files showed the least canal transportation and the best centering ability followed by PT file system. Stainless steel K files showed the highest transportation and least centering ability.

Conclusion

Twisted files showed the least amount of transportation and better centering compared with the other file systems.

Clinical significance

The study gives information of TF, a recently introduced rotary system (2008) with regard to its efficacy in preparing curved root canals. This study has shown that the centering ratio of rotary nickel titanium was better than that of SS files.

How to cite this article

Rejula F, Christalin R, Ahmed W, Dinakaran S, Gopinathan AS, Babu A. Measure and compare the Degree of Root Canal Transportation and Canalcentering ability of Twisted, ProTaper, and Conventional Stainless Steel K Files using Spiral Computed Tomography: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):463-469.
Assessment of Root Resorption and Root Shape by Periapical and Panoramic Radiographs: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Atul , Ahuja Puneeta D , Mhaske Sheetal P , Mishra Gaurav , Dwivedi Ruby
Published: June 2017

Introduction

One of the common findings encountered by the clinician at the end of orthodontic treatment is the apical root resorption. Root resorption occurs to various degrees. A severe form of root resorption is characterized by shortening of root for more than 4 mm or more than one-third of the total tooth length. A low incidence rate of resorption is observed based on radiographic findings for the diagnosis of root resorption, panoramic radiography, and periapical radiography. Hence, we evaluated the accuracy of panoramic radiographic films for assessing the root resorption in comparison with the periapical films.

Materials and methods

This study included the assessment of all the cases in which pre- and post-treatment radiographs were available for analysis of the assessment of the amount of root resorption. Complete records of 80 patients were analyzed. Examination of a total of 900 teeth was done. Mean age of the patients in this study was 21 years ranging from 11 to 38 years. The majority of the patients in the present study were females. All the treatments were carried out by registered orthodontists having minimum experience of more than 10 years. All the cases were divided into two study groups. Group I comprised panoramic radiographic findings, while group II consisted of periapical radiographic findings. For the measurement of crown portion, root portion, and the complete root length, magnification loops of over 100 powers with parallax correction with inbuilt grids were used. Assessment of the tooth length and the crown length was done by the same observers. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 6.0.

Results

Maximum amount of root resorption was observed in case of maxillary central incisors and canines among group I and II cases respectively. However, nonsignificant difference was obtained while comparing the mean root resorption in relation to maxillary incisors and canines among the two study groups. While comparing the overall value of root resorption among the two study groups, a significant difference was obtained. The maximum value of tooth length in both the groups was observed in cases of maxillary canines. Significant differences were observed while comparing the tooth length of various teeth among the two study groups. Among the deviated forms of root shape, dilaceration was the most common form of root shape detected in both the study groups.

Conclusion

Periapical radiographs are more efficient in the assessment of the shape and resorption of the root.

Clinical significance

Thorough evaluation of periapical radiographs is necessary for detection of even minute levels of root resorption.

How to cite this article

Ahuja PD, Mhaske SP, Mishra G, Bhardwaj A, Dwivedi R, Mangalekar SB. Assessment of Root Resorption and Root Shape by Periapical and Panoramic Radiographs: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):479-483.
Evaluation of Microleakage in Class V Restorations with Three different Adhesive Systems
Authors: Sharma Satish , Anjum Shamim , Malik Azar
Published: June 2017

Aim

This study was conducted to evaluate the microleakage of class V cavities restored with composite resin and different adhesive systems.

Materials and methods

In this experimental epidemiological investigation, a total of 75 freshly extracted human teeth were collected. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 25). Three different intermediate adhesive materials (Clearfil SE Bond, Single Bond, and Xeno III) were used for each group.

Results

On testing without the application of occlusal load, the maximum microleakage was seen for group III (Xeno III) followed by group I (Clearfil SE) and then group II (Single Bond). On application of occlusal load, the maximum microleakage was seen for group III (Xeno III) followed by group II (Single Bond) and then group I (Clearfil SE Bond). The data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann– Whitney U test.

Conclusion

Group III showed the maximum amount of microleakage both with and without occlusal load.

Clinical significance

All adhesives under investigation exhibited a certain amount of microleakage in enamel and dentin.

How to cite this article

Anjum S, Malik A, Sharma S. Evaluation of Microleakage in Class V Restorations with Three different Adhesive Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):497-500.
Comparison of Platform Switched and Sloping Shoulder Implants on Stress Reduction in various Bone Densities: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Suresh S , Markose Joji , Eshwar Shruthi , Rekha K , Jain Vipin
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Comparison of platform switched (PS), sloping shoulder, and regular implants on stress reduction in various bone densities with finite element analysis.

Materials and methods

A total of 12 three-dimensional finite element models were built to analyze the stress distribution model. Nobel Biocare 4.3 × 8 mm regular platform replace select implant with matching diameter easy abutment, Nobel Biocare 4.3 × 8 mm replace select implant PS with 3.5 mm diameter easy abutment, Bicon 4 × 8 mm implant with 4 mm diameter sloping shoulder abutments were created virtually in compact bone density using software. The 130 N axial force and a 90 N oblique loading force were applied to the abutment to analyze the stress.

Results

Under horizontal and vertical loading, the sloping shoulder implant had lesser stresses in cancellous bone when compared with PS and regular implants. Sloping shoulder implant showed more stress distribution at implant–abutment interface and at crestal area, whereas with regular implants, the stresses were distributed at cortical area.

Conclusion

Sloping shoulder implant in subcrestal position is much favorable for bone growth, stress distribution, and preservation of remaining bone.

Clinical significance

Use of sloping shoulder implant design distributes the stress apically and creates lesser stresses when compared with PS implants.

How to cite this article

Markose J, Suresh S, Eshwar S, Rekha K, Jain V, Manvi S. Comparison of Platform Switched and Sloping Shoulder Implants on Stress Reduction in various Bone Densities: Finite Element Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):510-515.
Endodontic Management of Dilacerated Maxillary Central Incisor fused to a Supernumerary Tooth using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An Unusual Clinical Presentation
Authors: Vinothkumar Thilla S , Kandaswamy Deivanayagam , Arathi Ganesh , Ramkumar Sathishkumar , Felsypremila Gnanasekaran
Published: June 2017

Aim

The purpose of this report is to present a case of endodontic management of a dilacerated maxillary central incisor fused to supernumerary tooth unusually appearing as a labial tubercle using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a diagnostic aid.

Background

Anterior teeth are commonly encountered with aberrant anatomical variations in the crown, number of roots, and root canals. Fusion is an infrequent developmental abnormality in shape of the tooth caused by the union of two adjacent tooth germs. A complete knowledge of such complex anatomies is mandatory for a successful root canal treatment. It highlights the endodontic and restorative approach in the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of the involved tooth.

Case report

Three-dimensional imaging using CBCT was used in this case to differentiate single labial canal and palatal C-shaped canal. The endodontic treatment was performed with the aid of dental operating microscope, and the root canals were obturated with a combination of single cone, carrier based, and cold flowable gutta-percha obturation system. The tooth remained asymptomatic without reinfection and symptoms of failure for 18 months.

Conclusion

Cone beam computed tomography is indispensable in treatment planning for cases where the radiographs cannot reveal useful information regarding the root canal shape. Postobturation CBCT has helped in avoiding further retreatment of the tooth, which otherwise is a challenging task.

Clinical significance

The use of sophisticated equipment, such as dental operating microscope and CBCT has helped in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of fused central incisor respectively.

How to cite this article

Vinothkumar TS, Kandaswamy D, Arathi G, Ramkumar S, Felsypremila G. Endodontic Management of Dilacerated Maxillary Central Incisor fused to a Supernumerary Tooth using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An Unusual Clinical Presentation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):522-526.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Extra-amniotic Saline Infusion vs Intracervical Dinoprostone Gel for Induction of Labor
Authors: Rodrigues Steffi V , Swamy MK , Jadhav Namrata
Published: June 2017

Background

Success of induction depends largely on cervical ripening and increases the likelihood of vaginal delivery. This study compared the outcomes for induction of labor using extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI) vs intracervical dinoprostone gel.

Objective:

Primary: To compare improvement between pre- and post-induction Bishop’s scores in both the groups.

Secondary: To compare induction to delivery interval, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome in both the groups.

Materials and methods

A randomized controlled trial of 1 year was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karnataka Lingayat Education University Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, on 82 pregnant women from January 2014 to December 2014. The selected women were divided into two groups of 41 each as group I (induced with dinoprostone) and group II (induced with EASI using Foley’s catheter).

Results

Significantly higher number of women had postinduction Bishop’s scores between 9 and 12 in the dinoprostone group (70.73%; p < 0.001). The mean Bishop’s scores were significantly high in the dinoprostone gel (9.27 ± 3.07) vs EASI (8.22 ± 2.34; p = 0.086). Cervical ripening based on cut-off score of ≥6 was noted in a significantly higher number of women (92.68%) in EASI (p = 0.241). The mean time for cervical ripening was significantly high in dinoprostone gel group compared with EASI (15.44 ± 8.41 vs 3.88 ± 3.67; p < 0.001), but mean induction to delivery time was comparable (p = 0.086). Significantly higher numbers of vaginal deliveries were noted in dinoprostone group (91.43%; p = 0.001). The neonatal outcomes, i.e., birth weight, mean birth weight, appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration score at 1 and 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit admission, were comparable (p = 0.570).

Conclusion

Dinoprostone gel and EASI using Foley’s catheter appear to be effective methods for cervical ripening and labor induction, but dinoprostone gel yielded significantly higher rate of vaginal delivery.

How to cite this article

Rodrigues SV, Swamy MK, Jadhav N. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Extra-amniotic Saline Infusion vs Intracervical Dinoprostone Gel for Induction of Labor. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):11-17
Multiple-layer Closure of Myoma Bed in Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Authors: Singh Sonam
Published: June 2017

Objective

To assess the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic myomectomy and multiple-layer closure of myoma bed for management of myomas at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and methods

Five hundred and ten patients from January 2011 to January 2017 with large and moderate size myomas were managed by laparoscopic myomectomy. Indications were subfertility, menorrhagia, and abdominal mass. Preoperative evaluation included history, clinical examination, and sonographic mapping. Myomas were enucleated and retrieved laparoscopically. Myoma beds were sutured in multiple layers by endoscopic intracorporeal suturing. Fluid as adhesion barrier was used.

Results

Three hundred and eighty two patients presented with subfertility, 69 with menorrhagia, and 59 with abdominal mass. The average maximum diameter of myoma was 9.1 cm. The mean duration of surgery was 90 minutes. The mean postoperative stay was 24 hours. No intraoperative complication occurred and the hospital course was uncomplicated. In seven cases, minilap incision was given for retrieval of myoma and suturing of the bed. Two patients had minor delayed wound healing of the morcellator port site. The patients did not report any complaints during follow-up except one patient who developed omental hernia at morcellator port site. There was no rupture of scar and very low adhesion scores in subsequent cesarean sections or second look scopies.

Conclusion

With proper multilayer closure of the myoma bed, laparoscopic myomectomy is feasible for moderate and even large myomas and has good outcomes in terms of fertility and alleviation of symptoms.

How to cite this article

Jain N, Singh S. Multiple-layer Closure of Myoma Bed in Laparoscopic Myomectomy. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):22-27.
Bartholin Gland Endometriosis
Authors: Singh Sonam
Published: June 2017

Endometriosis is a commonly encountered benign gynecological disease, involving extrauterine growth of both endometrial glands and elements of endometrial stroma. Like ectopic endometrial tissue, these ectopic foci are susceptive to cyclic hormonal changes. A case of endometriosis infiltrating the Bartholin gland is presented. The initial diagnosis was a Bartholin gland cyst. The clinical diagnosis was made during the operation when chocolate-colored material poured into operation field, and histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of endometriosis. Bartholin gland endometriosis should be kept in mind when women of reproductive age have a diagnosis of Bartholin cyst. It is a rare case and only few cases are reported in the literature.

How to cite this article

Jain N, Singh S. Bartholin Gland Endometriosis. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):32-34.
Ectopic Pregnancy in Isthmocele: A Report of Unrecognized Case
Authors: Varshney Swati
Published: June 2017

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is one of the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy. Little is known about its incidence and natural history. The diagnosis and treatment of CSP is challenging. The authors report a case of CSP with heavy bleeding per vagina, who underwent suction and evacuation after abortion; patient underwent hysterolaparoscopy with resection of ectopic mass. The patient was discharged from the hospital without any complications. The CSP should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to prevent severe complications and spare fertility.

How to cite this article

Jain N, Varshney S. Ectopic Pregnancy in Isthmocele: A Report of Unrecognized Case. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):40-43.
Ovary in Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Kotdawala Sonal , Patel Utkrant , Tanna Balkrishna , Kotdawala Parul
Published: June 2017

Inguinal hernia is a very common condition. Ovary in inguinal hernia is a common condition for a pediatrician as the pain symptoms will necessitate an early visit to health facility in young childhood. Ovarian and fallopian tube inguinal hernias are commonly associated with defects in genital tract development.

How to cite this article

Kotdawala S, Patel U, Tanna B, Kotdawala P. Ovary in Inguinal Hernia. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):53-55.
Influence of biomass burning from South Asia at a high-altitude mountain receptor site in China
Authors: Zheng Jing , Hu Min , Du Zhuofei , Shang Dongjie , Gong Zhaoheng , Qin Yanhong , Fang Jingyao , Gu Fangting , Li Mengren , Peng Jianfei , Li Jie , Zhang Yuqia , Huang Xiaofeng , He Lingyan , Wu Yusheng , Guo Song
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Highly time-resolved in situ measurements of airborne particles were conducted at Mt. Yulong (3410 m above sea level) on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in China from 22 March to 14 April 2015. The detailed chemical composition was measured by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer together with other online instruments. The average mass concentration of the submicron particles (PM1) was 5.7 ± 5.4 µg m−3 during the field campaign, ranging from 0.1 up to 33.3 µg m−3. Organic aerosol (OA) was the dominant component in PM1, with a fraction of 68 %. Three OA factors, i.e., biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), biomass-burning-influenced oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA-BB) and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), were resolved using positive matrix factorization analysis. The two oxygenated OA factors accounted for 87 % of the total OA mass. Three biomass burning events were identified by examining the enhancement of black carbon concentrations and the f60 (the ratio of the signal at m∕z 60 from the mass spectrum to the total signal of OA). Back trajectories of air masses and satellite fire map data were integrated to identify the biomass burning locations and pollutant transport. The western air masses from South Asia with active biomass burning activities transported large amounts of air pollutants, resulting in elevated organic concentrations up to 4-fold higher than those of the background conditions. This study at Mt. Yulong characterizes the tropospheric background aerosols of the Tibetan Plateau during pre-monsoon season and provides clear evidence that the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau was affected by the transport of anthropogenic aerosols from South Asia.
Exceptionally strong summer-like zonal wind reversal in the upper mesosphere during winter 2015/16
Authors: Stober Gunter , Matthias Vivien , Jacobi Christoph , Wilhelm Sven , Höffner Josef , Chau Jorge L.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The 2015/16 Northern Hemisphere winter season was marked by peculiarities in the circulation pattern in the high-latitude mesopause region. Wind measurements from the Andenes (69° N, 13° E) meteor radar show westward winds below 84 km and eastward winds above. This wind pattern in the zonal wind was observable between the end of December 2015 and the end of January 2016, i.e., conditions that are typical for the summer were found during winter. Additional meteor radar measurements at midlatitude stations did not show such a zonal wind reversal but indicate, together with the polar latitude stations, a reversal of the horizontal temperature gradient. This is confirmed by global satellite measurements. Therefore, it is plausible that the polar latitude summer-like zonal wind reversal in December–January is in accordance with the reversed horizontal temperature gradient assuming a thermal wind balance between mid- and polar latitudes. The reversed horizontal temperature gradient itself is induced by stationary planetary waves at lower and midlatitudes in the mesosphere, leading to a weakening of the residual circulation above the European sector.
Empirical methods for the estimation of Southern Ocean CO2:
Support Vector and Random Forest Regression
Authors: Gregor Luke , Kok Schalk , Monteiro Pedro M. S.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Southern Ocean accounts for 40 % of oceanic CO2 uptake, but the estimates are bound by large uncertainties due to a paucity in observations. Gap filling empirical methods have been used to good effect to approximate pCO2 from satellite observable variables in other parts of the ocean, but many of these methods are not in agreement in the Southern Ocean. In this study we propose two additional methods that perform well in the Southern Ocean: Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR). The methods are used to estimate ∆pCO2 in the Southern Ocean, achieving similar results to the SOM-FFN method by Landschützer et al. (2014a). The RFR as able to achieve better RMSE (12.26 µatm) compared the SVR (16.04 µatm) and SOM-FFN (12.97 µatm). To assess the efficacy of the methods and the limits of the training dataset (SOCAT v3), SVR and RFR are applied in a modelled environment. Again the RFR method outperformed the SVR by a substantial margin. However, both methods achieved higher out-of-sample than in-sample errors, indicating that the SOCAT v3 dataset is not yet fully representative of the Southern Ocean. The SVR was able to generalise better to the training dataset than the RFR with lower ratio between the out-of-sample and in-sample errors, but not enough to compensate for its poorer performance. The ensemble of the estimates show that interannual variability of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink is dominated by the Polar Frontal Zone, while the Sub-Antarctic Zone is the dominant sink.
Understanding hydrologic variability across Europe through catchment classification
Authors: Kuentz Anna , Arheimer Berit , Hundecha Yeshewatesfa , Wagener Thorsten
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study contributes to better understanding the physical controls on spatial patterns of pan-European flow signatures – taking advantage of large open datasets for catchment classification and comparative hydrology. Similarities in 16 flow signatures and 35 catchment descriptors were explored for 35 215 catchments and 1366 river gauges across Europe. Correlation analyses and stepwise regressions were used to identify the best explanatory variables for each signature. Catchments were clustered and analyzed for similarities in flow signature values, physiography and the combination of the two. We found the following. (i) A 15 to 33 % (depending on the classification used) improvement in regression model skills when combined with catchment classification versus simply using all catchments at once. (ii) Twelve out of 16 flow signatures were mainly controlled by climatic characteristics, especially those related to average and high flows. For the baseflow index, geology was more important and topography was the main control for the flashiness of flow. For most of the flow signatures, the second most important descriptor is generally land cover (mean flow, high flows, runoff coefficient, ET, variability of reversals). (iii) Using a classification and regression tree (CART), we further show that Europe can be divided into 10 classes with both similar flow signatures and physiography. The most dominant separation found was between energy-limited and moisture-limited catchments. The CART analyses also separated different explanatory variables for the same class of catchments. For example, the damped peak response for one class was explained by the presence of large water bodies for some catchments, while large flatland areas explained it for other catchments in the same class. In conclusion, we find that this type of comparative hydrology is a helpful tool for understanding hydrological variability, but is constrained by unknown human impacts on the water cycle and by relatively crude explanatory variables.
Ball lightning: a Renaissance account from Zafra (Spain)
Authors: Vaquero José M.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. An analysis is given of the account of a globe of fire observed in Zafra (Spain) in the middle of the 16th century. During a strong storm, Conde Don Pedro observed what he described as a globe of fire that was directed against the city and abruptly changed course. He attributed the change in course to a miracle. He described neither any damage nor sound.
Pollution history of Neva Bay bottom sediments (eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea)
Authors: Ryabchuk Daria , Vallius Henry , Zhamoida Vladimir , T. Kotilainen Aarno , Rybalko Alexander , Malysheva Nina , Deryugina Natalya , Sukhacheva Leontina
Published: June 2017

Neva Bay is the shallowest and easternmost part of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). St. Petersburg, Russia’s second largest city, occupies the coastal area where the Neva River debouches into Neva Bay. St. Petersburg has a protracted history of industrial, transportation and urban related activity that have affected Neva Bay. By the sealing off the bay from the eastern Gulf of Finland, the St. Petersburg Flood Protective Facility, which was constructed from the 1970‘s to 2011, transformed Neva Bay into a “technogenic” lagoon. Neva Bay sediments record a unique history of pollution near the metropolis. Heavy metal concentrations of most elements studied varied consistently throughout sediment cores. Temporal trends indicate that metals started to accumulate abruptly in the first half of the 20th century. Zinc, lead and copper were the first metals to reach contaminant thresholds implicating the regional base metal industry as a source. Significant increase in cadmium levels a decade or two later suggests pollution from the regional chemical industry. Comparison of geochemical data collected from sediment cores and recent annual sediment surveys highlighted the temporal history and potential sources of pollution in Neva Bay. Intensive dredging in 2007–2008 resuspended and redistributed contaminated sediment around Neva Bay causing a dramatic increase in benthic sediment heavy metal concentrations. Concentrations of all measured metals subsequently declined from 2009–2014 relative to the elevated values observed for 2007–2008. Pollution history of Neva Bay bottom sediments is closely linked with changing of sedimentation conditions. Analyses of sedimentological data collected by 20th and 21st century scientific surveys reveal dramatic shifts in Neva Bay sedimentation processes over the last three centuries. The western part of Neva Bay has transitioned from a sanddominated system to one of mud accumulation with the aerial extent of mud deposition expanding significantly during the 20th century. This inventory coupled with an understanding of primary natural and anthropogenic processes can help inform decision makers to support the overall ecological health of the bay.
BIOLOGIA DA AUTONOMIA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA TEMPORALIDADE DE FREIRE E DO FENÔMENO HISTÓRICO DE MATURANA PARA O ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Da Silva Herbert Gomes , Infante-Malachias Maria Elena
Published: June 2017

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a importância do fenômeno histórico e a historicidade, relacionando-os à educação e aprendizagem. Utilizei as teorias de Humberto Maturana e Paulo Freire, como princípios para a Biologia da Autonomia.  Defendendo a ideia de uma educação e ensino de biologia, voltados para a formação humana tendo o estudante como sujeito/observador que interfere e age de maneira reflexiva e consciente no mundo em que vive, e que para isso, compreende a sua importância como sujeito histórico e que sua aprendizagem é um fenômeno observável a partir dessa concepção.
OS DESAFIOS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NAS TURMAS DE JOVENS E ADULTOS NA ÁREA DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Tavares Alves de Figueirêdo Alessandra Marcone , Da Silva Júnior Carlos Alberto , Pereira Sales Flávia Rhuana , Silva de Souza Niely
Published: June 2017

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) é uma modalidade de ensino designada para um público excluído social e culturalmente, que apresenta, na maioria das vezes, problemas de aprendizagem, uma alta evasão e repetências. Desse modo, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi apontar os desafios atuais no Ensino da EJA, atrelado à disciplina Química, considerada por muitos, abstrata e subjetiva e, em seguida, desenvolver e aplicar ferramentas didáticas, no intuito de facilitar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Neste contexto, a metodologia escolhida teve abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, de cunho participante, sendo integrada à realidade dos jovens e adultos, visando promover essa educação de forma mais significativa. Os resultados obtidos através de uma avaliação qualitativa, diagnóstica, formativa e processual, mostraram que houve um impacto positivo no aprendizado dos alunos.
UMA CONCEPÇÃO DE CIDADANIA (PLANETÁRIA) PARA FORMAÇÃO CIDADÃ
Authors: Carvalho Jaciara De Sá
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma compreensão de cidadania fundamentada em estudo da obra de Paulo Freire (1979, 2001, 2009) devido às suas contribuições para a formação cidadã. A investigação partiu de uma análise de conteúdo, considerando subsídios metodológicos de Bardin (1988). Mas, sobretudo, está baseada no conceito de “conscientização” em Freire (1979), cujo processo poderia promover a participação ativa de sujeitos na construção de outras realidades, em acordo com visões contemporâneas que associam cidadania à participação ativa em todo o planeta. Ao final, uma cidadania de caráter planetário é identificada como adequada às discussões e práticas de educação cidadã, condizente com a obra e o legado freiriano e, por fim, coerente com uma das finalidades da Educação nacional (BRASIL, 1996), a formação para cidadania.
PROGRAMA DE DESCARTE APROPRIADO DO REJEITO MEDICAMENTOSO COMO FERRAMENTA INSTITUCIONAL EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Lunardelli Adroaldo , Dornelles Machado Iohana , Da Cruz Monteiro Siomara
Published: June 2017

Grande quantidade de medicamento é descartada diariamente. Esse é um material tóxico e, portanto, não deve seguir o mesmo caminho do lixo comum. A reflexão estimulada através de um programa educativo e de uma campanha de arrecadação de medicamentos impróprios parece vital na formação não somente de cidadãos com discernimento, mas também multiplicadores deste conhecimento. Além de desenvolver um mecanismo institucional educacional, o intento deste desígnio foi avaliar quantitativamente e qualitativamente o resíduo medicamentoso desprezado pela comunidade acadêmica. Para tal, foi colocado um coletor de medicamentos expirados no saguão do principal acesso ao Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis (UniRitter). O rejeito ali posto foi analisado entre os dias 10 de novembro de 2014 e 30 de agosto de 2016. No total, foram arrecadados 102.683 unidades de medicamentos rejeitados, sendo que o fármaco mais prevalente encontrado foi a fluoxetina. Há grande demanda de medicamentos a serem rejeitados pela população. Programas que permitem o transporte reverso são de evidente importância para a questão ambiental. Quando o rejeito medicamentoso é trabalhado no ambiente acadêmico, de forma transversal e agregadora, há a competente união entre as discussões técnicas da alçada profissional farmacêutica e a projeção da questão humanista ambiental sustentável.
Significado de salud: la vivencia del adulto mayor
Authors: Vargas Santillán María de Lourdes , Arana Gómez Beatriz , García Hernández María de Lourdes , Ruelas González María Guadalupe , Melguizo Herrera Estela , Ruiz Martínez Ana Olivia
Published: June 2017

Durante la vejez, el significado de salud se basa en alcanzar un estado de bienestar; por ello, es importante comprender los factores que benefician o afectan el logro de este propósito. Objetivo: analizar los significados de salud que los adultos mayores construyen a partir de sus vivencias y experiencias. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa con técnica de análisis de contenido y entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron veinte adultos mayores, que acudieron a un centro de atención geriátrica, seleccionados de manera intencionada y determinada por índice de saturación. Resultados: el significado de salud se manifiesta en la capacidad de poder hacer cosas; así, la salud se concibe como un medio útil para obtener un beneficio, ya sea material, moral o físico. Los vínculos familiares son importantes, incluso los comparan con la salud; también, identifican la salud con la ausencia de dolor y enfermedad. Conclusión: la salud del adulto mayor es vivida en contexto familiar; el bienestar es percibido como la capacidad de hacer cosas, aunque el dolor y la enfermedad estén presentes.
“Jogo da postura”: programa de intervenção de enfermagem em crianças
Authors: Fernandes Carla Silvia , Martins Tânia , Rocha Nair Silva , Mendes Mónica
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: evidenciar el impacto de un juego para impulsar la educación postural de los niños. El enfermero tiene un rol preponderante en la educación para la salud, por el cual buscamos un camino que les agregara alguna innovación a las Escuelas Posturales ya existentes incorporando una estrategia formativa novedosa: “un juego”. Materiales y método: se trata de un estudio casi experimental con delineamiento de tiempo. La muestra se constituye de 215 niños del pre-escolar y el 1º ciclo de la enseñanza básica, de una ciudad del norte de Portugal. La intervención se realiza por medio de la aplicación de un juego titulado “Juego de la postura”; para evaluar su impacto, se administró un cuestionario sobre hábitos posturales antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: los resultados dan cuenta de una elevada prevalencia de quejas músculo-esqueléticas (48,8 %) y un incremento de respuestas correctas tras la intervención. Hubo cambio en el conocimiento de hábitos posturales antes de la participación de los alumnos en un programa de educación postural y luego de ella. Conclusiones: el juego es una estrategia activa útil y eficaz a utilizarse por los formadores en el contexto de la enfermería y debe replicarse a otras áreas temáticas.
Communication Factors as Predictors of Relationship Quality: A National Study of Principals and School Counselors
Authors: Duslak Mark , Geier Brett
Published: June 2017

This study examined the effects of meeting frequency, structured meeting times, annual agreements, and demographic variables on school counselor perceptions of their relationship with their building principal. Results of a regression analysis indicated that meeting frequency accounted for 26.7% of the variance in school counselor-reported relationship quality scores. More frequent meetings were associated with higher ratings of relationship quality. The presence of a structured meeting time and an annual agreement positively influenced relationship quality to a lesser extent. This indicates that meetings between a principal and a school counselor do not need to be formally structured in order to be an effective method of building relationships between these two parties. School counselors and principals can base practice from these findings by intentionally creating opportunities for frequent meetings.
La responsabilidad de las empresas en los contratos tercerizados de construcción
Authors: Parrales Iglesias María Georgina
Published: June 2017

Actualmente existe un auge de los proyectos habitacionales y de comercio en el país, lo que ha conllevado a que los contratos comerciales entre empresas desarrolladoras y constructoras aumenten y surjan nuevas formas jurídicas de contratación como es el caso de la tercerización; figura que se intenta regular en el “Proyecto de Ley de Regulación y Ordenamiento de la Tercerización, Subcontratación e Intermediación del Empleo”, que se encuentra en revisión desde el año 2009 en la Asamblea Nacional de Nicaragua y que se hace necesaria su aprobación e implementación para que exista unicidad entre las diferentes instituciones del Estado que fiscalizan el cumplimiento de las normas laborales, no sin antes de terminar de definir las figuras de tercerización, subcontratación e intermediacion ya que estas dos últimas se encuentran reguladas en el Codigo de Trabajo de Nicaragua, y por tanto lo que se hace necesario primero es precisar qué es tercerización ya que existe confusión en su definición y características, no sólo entre las instituciones del Estado sino entre las empresas y los mismos trabajadores; asimismo, se debe puntualizar las responsabilidades de cada empresa actora de los contratos de tercerización, máxime cuando se crean los requisitos para actuar como empresa tercerizante y que se deben cumplir para que los derechos laborales no sean infringidos.
Mariposas del Volcán Casita, departamento de Chinandega, Nicaragua
Authors: Maes Jean-Michel
Published: June 2017

El Volcán Casitas ubicado en Chinandega, Nicaragua, ha sido declarado recientemente, una reserva natural por la riqueza de la flora y fauna que subsiste en sus laderas. Dentro de la riqueza faunística se encuentran 79 especies de mariposas conocidas en la actualidad y de las cuales se presenta, en este trabajo, una lista que contiene la distribución general de cada especie, la planta hospedadora de las larvas y otros lugares de Nicaragua donde también se ha colectado esa misma especie de mariposa.
Algunos aspectos relacionados con las enfermedades tropicales transmitidas por moluscos
Authors: Pérez A. Mijail , López Adolfo
Published: June 2017

Muchas especies de moluscos son hospedantes de diversos parásitos que provocan infecciones muy serias e incluso mortales en seres humanos y ganado. La esquistosomiasis extendida por 74 países, infecta a unos 200 millones de personas y está en segundo lugar, después de la malaria, como causa de la mortalidad humana originada por parásitos. La infección es causada por un platelminto que se desarrolla en caracoles de agua dulce y que desde el agua puede penetrar en la piel de un ser humano y desarrollarse dentro de sus órganos, produciendo distintos grados de infección, hasta provocar la muerte. Distintas especies de esos caracoles están extendidas por Centro América. El cólera, otra enfermedad que también es mortal, se ha encontrado en moluscos bivalvos comestibles colectados en el Golfo de Nicoya, que bordea Nicaragua y Costa Rica Estas epidemias se pueden combatir con diversos métodos de control de los caracoles hospedantes de parásitos.
Avifauna ligada a humedales y zonas marino-costeras del Caribe sur nicaragüense
Authors: Lezama López Martín
Published: June 2017

El área de estudio comprende una franja costera que oscila entre 4 y hasta 20 km de ancho. Prevalece en ella el clima de Selva Tropical Húmeda, con características más acentuadas hacia el Sur de la misma. La observación directa a lo largo de los ríos Se practicó con ayuda de binóculos 8x56 GA. Grossfeld 105/1000 m y visitas a lugares con potencial para hábitat de aves, como lagunas y llanos inundados. Para el caso delas colonias de aves se contabilizó los adultos y los nidos. Además, se registró variables sobre el estado de los nidos: en construcción empollando, o con presencia de juveniles. La información de campo se analizó utilizando la riqueza de especies (número de especies) tanto para los ecosistemas como para los hábitats en cada ecosistema de humedal y marino-costero.
Cambios en el uso del suelo en el sudeste de Nicaragua, 1983-1992
Authors: Pujol Pere , Sauri David , Martí Carolina , Pujadas Montserrat
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se analiza los cambios del uso del suelo, en el sudeste de Nicaragua, durante el período comprendido entre 1983 a 1992. El estudio se practicó mediante la utilización de los sistemas de información geográfica y la teledetección. Se observaron tanto los cambios cuantitativos como su expresión territorial, a nivel general de todo el sudeste y a nivel particular de cada uno de sus municipios. El análisis se centró en las características de la evolución del uso del suelo en dicho período: la reducción del bosque denso y el aumento del bosque ralo y de los pastos.
Utilización del enfoque de investigación y desarrollo para la introducción de ajonjolí orgánico en la comarca Las Parcelas, Mateare
Authors: Dietsch Laurent
Published: June 2017

El Programa de Desarrollo Agrario y Agronomía de la Universidad Centroamericana (ADAA-UCA) generó procesos dirigidos a la introducción del cultivo de ajonJ01í en la comarca Las Parcelas del municipio de Mateare. Los productores se involucraron en todas las etapas del proceso, desde la reflexión de su problemática, la elección de la alternativa técnica a implementar, hasta las experimentaciones pertinentes y, finalmente, la realización de actividades de evaluación y retroalimentación del proceso. La rápida extensión de las áreas sembradas y el interés mostrado por los mismos productores demuestra la validez de la alternativa propuesta y del proceso metodológico utilizado. Sin embargo, el cultivo es arriesgado y aún se debe perfeccionar su manejo para aumentar la rentabilidad del mismo.