bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidencia de los dispositivos electrónicos en los procesos cognitivos en la emergencia sanitaria
Authors: Morales Reinoso Michelle Elizabeth , Torrealba José Nicolás , Andrade Albán Jorge Rodrigo , Pérez Jerez Yolanda Imelda
Published: February 2022

Introducción: Debido a la presente pandemia los estudiantes se vieron obligados a cambiar de modalidad educativa, pasando de la presencial a la virtual, por esta razón la utilización de los dispositivos electrónicos en estudiantes incremento en un 80% a 90% ya que es el único medio por donde se puede acceder a clases, de ahí que nace la problemática de que los estudiantes están presentando nuevas dificultades desde el lado cognitivo, además de que también a raíz de esta situación están ocurriendo otras dificultades más. Objetivo: Determinar si los dispositivos electrónicos están influyendo en el desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos en los estudiantes de quinto año EGB paralelo a, b, c jornada matutina de la unidad educativa guayaquil de la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua, y si su impacto está siendo más positivo o a su vez es negativo, dentro del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Metodología: Cabe resaltar que, por obvias razones la modalidad de este trabajo de investigación se dio de manera virtual, se trabajó con el total de la población de 90 estudiantes, en donde el diseño de la investigación fue cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva, exploratoria y correlacional, en quienes se aplicó la encuesta de los Dispositivo electrónicos (D.E) que constaba de 20 ítems y un test de Evaluación de los aspectos cognitivos Montreal que constaba de 8 ítems. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que del 100% de estudiantes un 85% manifestaron que el aporte de los D.E. los ayuda, sin embargo; en los resultados obtenidos en el test sobre procesos cognitivos, del 100% de estudiantes solo un 25% respondieron de manera adecuada, dando como resultado que los D.E. sí están influyendo dentro del campo cognitivo en los estudiantes, con tendencia más negativa. Conclusión: Se concluye que la falta de tutoría paterna puede llevar a los estudiantes a un inadecuado uso de los dispositivos, además de que las consecuencias no solo son conductuales sino a su vez cognitivas y pueden llegar a entorpecer el adecuado desarrollo estudiantil.
Seroepidemiology of Chikungunya Fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Crosssectional Study
Authors: Shourav Abiral Hasib , Mahbub M Murshida , Yasmin Mahmuda , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Nessa Jamalun
Published: February 2022

Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a mosquito-borne febrile illness caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Bangladesh has documented several outbreaks of CHIKF since it was first reported in 2008. The latest CHIKF outbreak occurred in the Dhaka in 2017. In this study, a serosurvey of the 2017 outbreak was conducted during its peak. The study involved the assessment of CHIKV immunoreactions among participants suffering from CHIKF related symptoms. One hundred blood samples were collected from patients suffering from CHIKF-associated symptoms and were subsequently tested for the presence of anti-CHIKV IgM and/or IgG antibodies. Data based on clinical symptoms and the demographics of the participants were recorded and analyzed. Seventy-four percent of the studied patients (n = 100) possessed anti-CHIKV antibodies. Among this seropositive group (n = 74), almost 62% contained anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies, whereas 10% contained only anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies indicating recent infection. Anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies were found in 28% of patients. Among the symptoms examined, polyarthralgia showed a highly significant relationship (P < 0.001), whereas high fever and the presence of rash demonstrated a significant association with CHIKV seropositivity (P < 0.05). Discoveries made on this research can better help public health officials to gain a comprehensive insight into the seroepidemiology of the condition based in the city and maintain constant vigilance against any future outbreak.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 79-85
Comparison of Clinico-Demographic Characteristics and Rapid Shallow Breathing Index of Patients on Mechanical Ventilation at Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Islam Md Sirajul , Mallick Uzzwal Kumar , Rahman AKM Ferdous , Uddin Md Gias , Raka Kazi Eshika
Published: February 2022

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention in the intensive care unit that should be considered for patients with respiratory failure.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinico-demographic characteristics and rapid shallow breathing index of patients on mechanical ventilation at intensive care unit.

Methodology: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, Pain Palliative & Intensive Care Unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2014 to December 2015 for a period of two (2) years. Patients on mechanical ventilation more than 48 hours with the age of 18 to 60 years after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included as study population. One type of ventilator (eVent Medical) was used in all patients. Primary and daily setting of ventilators and the decision to weaning of the patient was made by the ICU consultants. The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) was measured by the ratio of respiratory frequency (f) to average exhaled tidal volume (EVT). When rapid shallow breathing index was 105 breath/min/L or less and more than 105 breath/min/L were taken as low and high RSBI respectively.

Result: A total number of 117 patients were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria of which 92 patients were in low RSBI group and the rest 25 patients were in high RSBI group. The mean age was found 31.8±12.8 years in low RSBI group and 35.9±13.2 years in high RSBI group (p>0.05). It was observed that male was found 57(62.0%) in low RSBI group and 13(52.0%) in high RSBI group (p>0.05). It was observed that 14(15.2%) patients had laparotomy in low RSBI group and 4(16.0%) in high RSBI group (p>0.05). Surgical patients was found 27(29.3%) in low RSBI group and 11(44.0%) in high RSBI group (p>0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion there is no statistical significant relationship of age, gender and clinical diseases of the patients with low and high rapid shallow breathing index who are under mechanical ventilation at intensive care unit.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 92-96
Glycemic Status and Outcome of Neurological Patients with COVID-19 Admitted at Referral Neuroscience Institute of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mashfiqul , Rahman Mohammad Atiqur , Chowdhury Sharmin , Haidar Tanvir , Das Subir , Ahmed KM Ahasan , Hasan ATM Hasibul , Hossain Mohammad Akter , Akhter Sayeda Parveen , Hakim Maliha
Published: February 2022

Background: The presentation of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may include neurological features and patients with neurological disorders may develop concomitant COVID-19 during pandemic. Hyperglycemia leads to higher propensity to COVID-19 infection with higher disease severity.

Objective: To assess the neurological diagnoses, glycemic status and outcome in patients hospitalized primarily for neurological problems and subsequently diagnosed as COVID-19.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS) & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients admitted to adult Neurology ward during April to November 2020 primarily for neurological problems and diagnosed as confirmed COVID-19 (with positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19) were included. The hospital records were reviewed and recorded in a checklist. Outcome of patients referred to COVID-19 dedicated hospitals was obtained over telephone.

Results: The study included 85 patients with COVID-19 [median age 60 years (IQR: 45-65); 63.5% male]. Acute ischemic stroke was the most common neurological diagnosis (32.9%), followed by acute hemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (22.4% and 15.3% respectively). Other neurological diagnoses were meningoencephalitis (7.1%), Guillain Barre Syndrome (4.7%), Myasthania Gravis (1.2%), brain abscess (1.2%) and intracranial space occupying lesion (1.2%). Fourteen percent patients had no definite neurological diagnosis, they were admitted for delirium. History of diabetes was present in 18% patients. The mortality was 27% and the proportion of mortality was significantly higher in patients known to have DM in comparison to those who were not (p=0.012). The mean age and proportion of male sex was significantly higher among those who expired.

Conclusion: There is high rate of mortality in neurological patients with COVID-19 who have variable neurological diagnosis including stroke, autoimmune disease and cerebral infections. Co-existent diabetes further increases the rate of mortality.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 97-102
Efficacy of Low Intensity Laser Therapy for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Experience of 54 Cases in Bangladesh
Authors: Chhobi Farida Khatun , Abedin Md Mamunul , Happy Bijoya Dey , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Hussain Mohammad Enayet , Islam Rafiqul
Published: February 2022

Background: Management of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is very crucial for the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of low intensity laser therapy (LILT) for the management of carpal tunnel syndrome patients.

Methodology: This single centered, parallel, single blinded randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to June 2019 for a period of six months. All the Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) test confirmed cases of CTS patients with the age group of more than 18 years in both male and female were selected as study population. Patients who received regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids, patients treated with therapeutic modalities before, acute wrist trauma and surgery, cervical radiculopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome, tumor or infectious diseases, pregnancy, and any serious heart, liver or kidney diseases were excluded from this study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups designed as group A and group B. The assignment was done with single blind method. Group A underwent laser therapy (3 Joules/cm2, 50 Hz, 2 min) over the carpal tunnel area. Group B were treated with conventional method. All patients received therapy for a total of 14 sessions, first 7 sessions on consecutive 7 days, and last 7 sessions on alternate days. Patients also used a wrist splint each night, practiced therapeutic exercises for CTS, and followed ADL advices. Patients were assessed according to BCTQ, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire.

Result: Male-Female distribution was 9% & 91% respectively. Total score of SSS was 26.35±5.94 and 13.70±1.78 in baseline and after 6 weeks follow up respectively (p < 0.001) in group A. In group B, total score of SSS was 28.19 ±7.35 and 18.22 ± 5.63 in baseline and after 6 weeks follow up respectively (p < 0.001). In group A, FSS was initially 18.1, which was improved to 9.15 in 6 weeks; whereas in group B, FSS was improved from 18.86 to 11.25. The pain, numbness and paresthesia also significantly changed after 6 weeks follow up in laser therapy group.

Conclusion: Low intensity laser therapy has superior clinical effectiveness at 6 weeks compared with night-resting splints in mild or moderate CTS.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 103-107
CT-Scan Evaluation for the Detection of Benign Parapharyngeal Mass
Authors: Alim Md Abdul , Ahmed Rokshana , Haque Zerin , Islam Rafiqul , Jowarder Rownak Jahan , Rahman Meher Angez , Nahar Nazmun
Published: February 2022

Background: Detection of benign parapharyngeal mass is very crucial for the management of the patients.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the CT scan for the detection of benign parapharyngeal mass.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2009 to April 2011 for a period of around two years. All the clinically suspected cases of parapharyngeal space mass lesions attended in the Otolaryngology and Radiology & Imaging department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka were enrolled in this study. The patient in this study was evaluated according to the management plan for surgery followed in Otolaryngology department. The histopathology was performed by the histopathologist of the Department of Pathology at BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients were undergone CT examination of neck and the comparison of the findings was done with the histopathology results.

Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mean (±SD) age of the patients was 37.76 (±14.82). Sensitivity of CT to diagnose benign parapharyngeal mass was 92.1%, specificity 83.3%, positive predictive value 94.6%, negative predictive value 76.9% and accuracy 90.0%. The area under the curve value was calculated and was found 0.142 (95% CI 0.000 to 0.286) (p=0.000).

Conclusion: In conclusion the sensitivity and specificity of CT scan for the detection of benign parapharyngeal mass lesion is very high.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 118-121
Efficacy and Safety of Tropical Use of Tranexamic Acid during Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Hoque Asraful , Rubayath Tasmin , Rahman Romena , Hossain Md Tanvir , Saem Khan Abu Shadat Mohammad , Hossain Monzur , Ahsan Chowdhury Muhammad Asif , Ahmed Imran , Salam Wahida
Published: February 2022

Background: Postoperative mediastinal bleeding in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is still one of the most common complications.

Objective: This study was intended to investigate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid in reducing postoperative bleeding after post-operative cardiovascular surgery.

Methodology: In this non-randomized, double blinded, clinical trial, patients undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) surgery in NICVD, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2014 to December 2015 and fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. They were assigned in two groups- 30 patients in tranexamic acid group (Group 1) and 30 patients in placebo group (Group 2). On completion of the grafting, before closure of the sternum tranexamic acid (2.5 g/25 mL) or placebo (25 mL of saline) diluted in 100 mL of warm saline (370 C) was instilled into the pericardial cavity including the mediastinal tissues and left for 5 minutes. Then it was cleared out by wall sucker and sternum was closed.

Results: There was no significant difference in baseline demographic data, basic clinical characteristics and preoperative coagulation profile between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Total mediastinal bleeding in group 1 and group 2 patients were421.67±70.32 vs 593.33±77.38ml, p<0.001. In case of, whole blood transfusion in group 1 and group 2 patients were 0.87±0.0.73 units and1.77±0.57 units respectively, p<0.001.

Conclusion: No patient required reoperation for bleeding and there was no incidence of prolonged ventilation, MI, thromboembolism, DVT or CVA in any of the patients in either group.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 142-146
Seroprevalence of Diphtheria IgG Antibody in Relation with Socio-demographic Change at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Sajid Khandaker Md Tasnim , Das Premananda , Jahan Tarana , Sinha Shib Prasad , Prity Toufique Tania , Rahman Md Arifur , Khatun Siddika
Published: February 2022

Background: Seroprevalance of diphtheria antibody may vary in different socioeconomic people.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of diphtheria IgG antibody and to identify the relationship between diphtheria seroprevalence and several sociodemographic characteristics.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017 for duration of one year. Apparently healthy individuals were enrolled in this study as study population by following a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. For laboratory procedure, anti-diphtheria antibody titer was measured by ELISA method.

Result: A total number of 200 healthy individuals were recruited for this study. The mean serum IgG level was 0.23±0.26 IU/mL in participants of aged between 18 to 25 years which was much lesser in participants of aged between 26 to 32 years and 33 to 38 years group (p=0.001). Mean serum IgG level was 0.12±0.12 IU/mL in male participants. Majority participants have been come from lower middle class having mean serum IgG level of 0.10±0.21 IU/mL.

Conclusion: In conclusion diphtheria IgG level is most commonly found among young male adult person in upper middle class socioecomonic condition.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 156-160
Detection Capacity of Helicobacter pylori Infection by Stool Antigen Test Comparing with Rapid Urease Test among Peptic Ulcer Disease Patients
Authors: Samad Khurshida , Chowdhury Md Nazrul Islam , Ara Begum Kazi Nishat , Ahmed Imtiaz , Rupom Touhid Uddin , Saheduzzaman Md
Published: February 2022

Background: Rapid urease test and stool antigen test are both important diagnostic tools for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection among peptic ulcer disease patients.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the detection capacity of Helicobacter pylori infection with stool antigen test by comparing with rapid urease test among peptic ulcer disease patients.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Pathology with the collaboration of Department of Gastroenterology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2011 to September 2012 for a period of one year. All the clinically suspected Helicobactor pylori infected peptic ulcer patients attending in the Department of Gastroenterology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for upper GI endoscopy were selected as study population. Stool antigen test for Helicobactor pylori specific antigen from stool sample was done with “ABON-One Step Helicobactor pylori antigen test device”. Endoscopy of upper GIT was performed in the Department of Gastroenterology. Biopsy taken during endoscopy for RUT. Rapid urease test (RUT) of endoscopic biopsy was performed.

Result: A total 86 patients were recruited for this study. The mean (±SD) age was found 38.53(±10.40) years. Out of 86 patients 76 cases were SAT positive and 10 cases were negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values and accuracy of SAT with RUT are 85.53%, 90.0%, 98.48%, 45.0%, 86.05% respectively. The area under the curve was 0.283 with the lower and upper limits of 95% confidence interval of 0.133 and 0.432. This was statistically significant (p=0.003).

Conclusion: In conclusion the stool antigen test is an effective method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 161-164
Clinico-demographic Characteristics, Associated Anomalies and Treatment Profiles of Children presented with Undescended Testis at Medical University of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Shoheli , Islam KM Didarul , Mahammad Noor , Dilshad Munmun Umme Habiba , Islam Md Nowfel
Published: February 2022

Background: The most common paediatric disorder among boy is undescended testis (UDT) which is usually identified during birth and these patients require proper treatment at the appropriate time due to increased risk of torsion, infertility, testicular cancer and associated inguinal hernia(>90%) as well as for cosmetic purposes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine side, palpability, age at presentation, associated anomalies and treatment plan in our institution.

Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of Paediatric Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2017 to June 2019.

Results: In this study 1.08% (213 children had UDT out of total paediatric outdoor 19803 patients) boys had UDT. They were aged from 7 months to 15 years (mean 5.61±3.81 years) at presentation. Only 16 (7.5%) patients presented within the 1 years of age in this study. 51.8% of patients presented at the age of >1yrs-5yrs. > 5yrs-10yrs of age was 33.5% cases and 13.6% of patients presented as late as 10yrs to 15 yrs. Unilateral UDT was found in 184 (86.4%) patients and bilateral was in 29(13.6%) patients. Right- sided unilateral UDT was in 112(52.6%) patients, left -sided unilateral UDT was in 72 (33.8%) patients. Palpable testis was found in 178(83.6%) patients and non-palpable found in 35(16.4%) patients. Associated anomalies of UDT were seen in 64(30%) patients. Hypospaedias was in 19(08%) patients and intersex disorders were in 15 (07%) patients. Orchidopexy was done in 192(90.1%) cases and orchidectomy was done only in 4(1.9%) cases. No testis was found in17 (08%) cases.

Conclusion: UDT is one of the commonest disorders of paediatric age group. Very important issue is the early diagnosis and treatment of this anomaly. To treat the UDT in proper time help to optimize testicular function, earlier diagnosis of testicular malignancy, give cosmetic benefits and to prevent complications such as a clinical hernia or torsion.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 173-176
Prevalence and Resistance Profile of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Clinical Specimens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahtab Uddin Bhuiyan Mohammad , Akhand Faria , Bari Sumia , Suchi Surovi Era , Saha Ritu , Ahmed Mejbah Uddin
Published: February 2022

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the significant pathogens to cause healthcare-associated infections worldwide. It is difficult to control and the infections caused by it are difficult to treat, because it is multidrug resistant.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a 12 months period.

Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out over a period of one year from July 2014 to June 2015 in the department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the disk diffusion method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute CLSI.

Results: Non duplicate 28 A. baumannii were isolated out of a total 191 pathogenic Gram negative isolates (14.66% prevalence). The most frequently isolated A. baumannii was from ICU patients (75%) followed by inpatients (18%) and outpatients (7%). Most of the isolates were recovered from tracheal aspirates (75%). The resistance rates were higher than most of the internationally reported levels. Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and even carbapenems are becoming practically ineffective, where the colistin elicited the highest susceptibility levels.

Conclusion: This study has guided the empirical therapy and suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is necessary.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 177-180
First Few Cases of Intracranial Schwannoma treated with LINAC-based Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Bangladesh
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Yasmin Taohida , Appasamy Murugan , Ahsan Sania , Rana KM Masud , Das Sandip Kumar , Kumar R Arun , Rahman Zillur , Chanda Amitabha , Alam Md Shafiul
Published: February 2022

Stereotactic Radiosurgery has been widely utilized for the treatment of intracranial lesions, and this paper presents our experience in treating schwannomas in Bangladesh. This case series was described to present our institutional experience and procedural technique adapted for treating intracranial schwannomas using stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) by Linear accelerators. This case series since starting our radiosurgery program in March 2019, we have treated three patients of intracranial schwannoma. Two patients had vestibular schwannoma, and one had Trigeminal Schwannoma. All three patients first underwent surgical intervention and on recurrence/progression treated with stereotactic Radiosurgery. Tumor volume ranged from 4.47 to 10.22 cm3. The dose prescription ranges from 13 to 14Gy in one or two fractions, which was subject to tumor volume, its proximity to a critical structure, existing neurologic deficit, and optimal balance between prescribed dose and predicted complications. All three procedure was free of any immediate adverse event. LINAC based Stereotactic Radiosurgery was found to be a safe and effective option for the treatment of schwannomas. All three patients have a very good clinical outcome, and one patient who has more than one-year post-SRS revealed a significant regression in the size of the tumor.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 181-189
DOES EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND INFLUENCE STUDENTS’ PUBLIC SPEAKING SKILL? REALITY VS STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rahman Hz Benni Ichsanda , Ramadhan Achmad
Published: February 2022

The purposes of this study are to investigate the substantial difference in public speaking abilities between students with a natural science and social science background in their high school, and to investigate the students’ point of view related to this issue. This study is a case study approach that is naturally qualitative, which involved 163 students of English Education Study Program, at one state university on North Sumatera province. Semi-structured techniques were used for data collection. The data collected in this study then were inspected out by using two methods; statistical count for quantitative data related to students’ senior high school educational background, and particular substances analysis for qualitative data related to students’ performance in their public speaking. Questionnaire and interview were conducted to assemble the data related to students’ experiences and involvements in taking the public speaking subject and its practice based on their educational background in senior high school, and to collect the students’ opinion related to this difference. The analysis resulted that natural science students in average achieve score 3.58, meanwhile social science students in average achieve score 3.51. The difference is 0.07 point or 1.4%. The average score between the students in natural science and social science can be stated as not significantly different. In addition, generally, all the students who were interviewed believed that public speaking competency is not correlated with majoring in senior high school.
Adopting a Safe System Approach to Determine Safer Speed Limits: A Case Study from Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Mansour , Tavakoli Kashani Ali , Mehdi Besharati Mohammad , Azizi Bondarabadi Moslem , Zakeri Hormoz , Hosseinizadeh Seyedali , Chambers Gregory , Mooren Lori , Shuey Ray
Published: February 2022

Speed management is one of the main dimensions of the Safe System Approach for reducing both the risk of crash involvement as well as injury severity. This study proposes a practical framework for setting safer speed limits on duplicated rural highways that has been applied to six pilot corridors (total carriageway length of approximately 1,250 km) in Iran. The safer speed limits determined from the proposed framework have been compared with the currently posted speed limits using several indicators and showed a considerable reduction in the total number of changes in speed limits while having very limited impact on reducing the mean travel speed and increase travel time along the study corridors. The study of the pilot corridors establishes that a clear approach and documented guidelines for setting speed limits provides a basis for quantifying engineering judgments about road hazards and determining more consistent speed limit values for similar conditions across Iran’s rural highway network, legitimising speed limit reductions aimed at saving lives.
Silent, unsafe… and underestimated? Exploring the relationships between life stress and safety issues among Spanish drivers
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Faus Mireia , Useche Sergio
Published: February 2022

Almost all the recent studies addressing road safety from the approach of human factors agree that stress is one of the most considerable (but underestimated) threats for safe driving. However, evidence on the relationship between stressful life events and driver performance remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess life stress-related perceptions of Spanish drivers, as well as exploring their relationships with self-reported driving performance, decision-making and other road safety-related issues. Methods: This cross-sectional research analysed the information gathered from a nationwide sample of n=840 Spanish drivers responding to an electronic survey on psychosocial issues, stress-related factors and driving issues. The results show that a high percentage (75%) consider that stress may impair their driving performance, while 76.9% of drivers report having experienced at least one major stressful life event during the las tyear. Despite this relatively high awareness of the negative role of stress and its associated factors for driving safety, this study found that drivers tend to ‘ignore the alarm signals’, as they often reported keeping driving, even when noticing their driving fitness and performance might be impaired by stress-related factors. This study highlights the need to create and apply interventions aimed at informing and training drivers to identify, manage and cope with stress from different spheres, including stressful life events, as a means of potentially improving their driving safety habits and outcomes.
Understanding the role of Speeding and Speed in Serious Crash Trauma: A Case Study of New Zealand
Authors: Job Soames , Brodie Colin
Published: February 2022

Multiple sources of evidence address the contribution of speed and speeding in crashes: police crash reports, in-depth crash investigations, studies of speed and serious crash risk, assessments of survival and injury rates for various impact speeds, and evaluations of the safety outcomes of speed management interventions. These sources of evidence all indicate that speed is a major factor in crash trauma, but appear to differ in estimates of the extent of the role of speed. This paper employs New Zealand as a country case study, undertaking a targeted assessment of data from the different sources to better determine the roles of speed and speeding in serious crashes. We find that apparent mismatches of estimates of the role of speed from different sources largely arise for two reasons. First, the studies vary in methodology and thus validity, and second the data from the different sources provide answers to fundamentally different questions, which are then incorrectly subsumed into the general question of the role of speed. Finally, we answer the question: ‘What is the extent of the role of speed in crashes, and particularly deaths and serious injuries?’ by providing answers to the different ways of couching these questions. Depending on the question, correct answers range from 20% to 100% of serious crashes. By combining evidence from different sources, we estimate that speeding is involved in around 60% of fatal crashes in New Zealand, and that speeds above New Zealand’s Safe and Appropriate Speeds are involved in around 71% of injury crashes.
Sources and Ways of Wrocław's Promotion in the Structures of the Bohemian Crown in the Luxembourg Era: Polemic Recapitulation
Authors: Czechowicz Bogusław
Published: February 2022

This article presents the consequences of the establishment of the Crown of the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1348, which entailed the incorporation of Silesia with its rich and ambitious city of Wrocław. Initially, Wrocław posed many challenges for Prague, but over time, it became its competitor. The growing position of Wrocław in the Bohemian Crown stemmed from the legitimization of its rights to the Bohemian throne. Hence, Wrocław’s art and architecture of that time reveal many political undertones. In the winter of 1358/1359, the emperor chose Wrocław to ensure the succession of the Luxembourg secundogeniture. The birth of Wenceslaus IV in 1361 simplified the matter of succession. But when Charles IV’s younger son, Sigismund, was not accepted in Prague after his brother’s death in 1419, he took the Bohemian throne via Wrocław, calling it in 1420 “the second capital of his Rule and the source of law”.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF CONSUMPTION OF HIGH-OLEIC SUNFLOWER SEED OILCAKE IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DYSBIOSIS
Authors:   Odessa National Technological University, Levitsky A. P. , Velichko V. V. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Pustovoit P. I. ,   Odessa Regional Clinical Hospital, Selivanskaya I.A. ,   Odessa National Medical University
Published: February 2022

Keywords: liver, dysbiosis, nutrition, fats, oleic acid, sunflower. Aim: To determine the pathogenic effect of dysbiosis on the condition of the liver, as well as to study the possibility of the therapeutic effect of pomace from seeds of high oleic sunflower. Methods: Used pomace from seeds of high-oleic sunflower (fat content 8.9%, oleic acid 84%), and as a comparison drug – mill cake from seeds of high-linoleic sunflower (fat content 9.1%, linoleic acid 54%). Dysbiosis was induced in rats with lincomycin.Oilcakes were added to the composition of the feed in the amount of 10%. Feeding lasted 18 days. In the liver homogenate, the level of markers of inflammation and dysbiosis: elastase, MDA and urease, as well as the activity of defense enzymes: catalase and lysozyme were determined.In the blood serum, the level of indicators of dysbiotic syndrome was determined: the activity of urease, elastase and ALT. The pathogenic effect of dysbiosis on the liver was calculated according to the degree of change in the level of markers, and their therapeutic effect was calculated according to the degree of change in the level of markers under the influence of pomace feeding. Results: The introduction of lincomycin causes an increase in the serum activity of urease, elastase and ALT. In the liver, the level of urease, elastase and MDA increases, but the activity of lysozyme and catalase decreases. Feeding with high oleic pomace normalizes indicators. Conclusions: Dysbiotic syndrome causes the development of hepatitis, which can be prevented by feeding with high oleic pomace.
MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTITHROMBOTIC PROPERTY IN MAINTAINING HUMAN HEALTH (MINI REVIEW)
Authors:   Kyiv Medical University, Парчами Газае Сепидех , Гарник Т.П. ,   V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Kyiv, Туманов В.А. ,   Kyiv Medical University, Горовая Э.В. ,   V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Kyiv, Муртаза Хамид ,   Kyiv Medical University
Published: February 2022

Key word: phytochemical, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, warfarin, essential oils, flavonoids. Hypercoagulability can be the result of hemostasis imbalance, leading to incorrect blood cloth and Thrombosis. Although anticoagulant drugs such as heparin and vitamin K antagonists for more than five decades have been developed and known as accepted treatment, they are mostly accompanied by life- threatening side effects. Therefore, discovery of safer, cheaper and more available herbal anticoagulants with less toxicity and fewer side effects is a research interest. Information of present review is collected from peer-reviewed journal articles to discuss about antithrombotic effects of various phytochemicals such as essential oils, flavonoids and Ginkgolide B. The findings from these studies testify that plants contain bioactive substances with great capability in the development of novel anticoagulant drugs for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Also, specialist should be aware of synergistic effect of simultaneously using these medicinal plants and chemical anticoagulant.
IRIDOLOGY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Private practice ", Pototska S.V. ,   Medical Practice",   , Kyiv
Published: February 2022

Key words: iridology, iris, autoimmune thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal tract, intestinal dysbiosis, cause-effect relationship, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Crohn’s disease. In the article the author shows on practical examples of cause-effect relationships in the body during iris diagnostics. Also, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly intestine, is demonstrated as the primary cause of decreased immune functions and emergence of autoimmune diseases.
DETERMINATION OF TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, ULCEROGENIC AND LOCAL IRRITATING EFFECTS OF DRY EXTRACTS OF LEAVES AND ROOTS OF IRIS HUNGARICA
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Kerimova G. F. , Rybak V. A. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Korol V. V. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv
Published: February 2022

Key words: acute toxicity, ulcerogenic and local irritating effect, acetylsalicylic acid, extract hungarian iris. In addition to high pharmacological activity, one of the most important requirements for drugs is their safety. The study objective was to the acute toxicity LD50 of dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris when administered intragastrically and intraperitoneally to mice and intraperitoneally to rats, as well as possible ulcerogenic and local irritating effects. The study of the acute toxicity of dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris was carried out according to the method of B. M. Shtabsky; a study of a possible ulcerogenic effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum was carried out on Wistar rats according to the method of J. Marazzi-Uberti. A study of the effect of dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris and acetylsalicylic acid on the stomach and intestines of animals under conditions of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers were carried out on rats for 14 days. The study of the local irritating effect of the dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of hungarian iris was carried out on rabbits of the Chinchilla breed. When studying the acute toxicity of the dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris when administered intragastrically to mice (at doses of 500 mg / kg, 5000 mg / kg, 10000 mg / kg and 15000 mg / kg) and intraperitoneally to rats (at doses of 10 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg, 1000 mg / kg, 3000 mg / kg and 5000 mg / kg) it was found that the death of experimental animals did not occur. Dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris belongs to the V class of toxicity of substances - practically non-toxic substances, according to the classification of toxicity of substances by K. K. Sidorov. Dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris does not show ulcerogenic action at doses of 50 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg. An insignificant ulcerogenic effect of dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris on the gastric mucosa of rats was revealed only at a dose of 200 mg / kg. On the model of ethanol stomach ulcers, dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris did not potentiate the ulcerogenic effect of ethyl alcohol. Dry extract of leaves and rhizomes of Hungarian iris does not show a local irritating effect on the mucous conjunctiva of the eye of rabbits.
THE STUDY OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF MATTHIOLA BICORNIS (SIBTH. & SM.) DC.) VECHIRNIJ AROMAT VARIETY RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Pinkevych V. O. , Burda N. Ye. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Zhuravel I. O. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Orlenko I. V. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv
Published: February 2022

Key words: Matthiola bicornis (Sibth. & Sm.) DC.), mineral elements, atomic emission spectroscopy. In threshed herb, stems, roots and seed of Matthiola bicornis Vechirnij aromat varietywere determined qualitative composition and quantitative content of mineral elements by atomic emission spectroscopy with photographic registration. The dominant content in the threshed herb and roots were K, Ca, Si, Mg, and P, in the stems – K, Ca, Mg, P, and Si, and in the seeds – K, P, Mg, Ca, and Na, and the Ni content was the smallest in all samples. Comparing the content of mineral elements by type of raw material, it was found that in all cases, except for Mn, which accumulated most in seeds, the largest number was in threshed herb. The results will be used to standardize the Matthiola bicornis raw material and develop herbal medicines based on it.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS MENTHA L.
Authors:   Zhytomyr Basic Pharmaceutical Vocational College of Zhytomyr Regional Council, Bobkova І. , Burianova V. ,   Zhytomyr Basic Pharmaceutical Vocational College of Zhytomyr Regional Council, Dunaievska O. ,   Zhytomyr Basic Pharmaceutical Vocational College of Zhytomyr Regional Council, Uminska K. ,   Zhytomyr Basic Pharmaceutical Vocational College of Zhytomyr Regional Council, Khranivska V. ,   Zhytomyr Basic Pharmaceutical Vocational College of Zhytomyr Regional Council
Published: February 2022

Keywords: Mentha L., Mentha arvensis L., Mentha longifolia L., morphological, macroscopic and microscopic features. Background. The medicine in Ukraine widely uses peppermint leaves and their hybrids as vegetable raw materials. The fieldmint, Mentha arvensis L., and horsemint, Mentha longifolia L., are ofscientific interest. They are wide spread in Ukraine, resistant to disease, have a significant raw material base. The aim of the study. Identification of the main interspecific differences between field and long-leaf mint or horsemint and peppermint. Materials and methods of research. The morphological examination was performed on live and dried plant samples. The anatomical structure was established on the preparations from the surface. The Micromed XS 2610 biological microscope with magnification from (x10) to (x100) was used to study the anatomical and diagnostic features. Results and discussion. Representatives of the genus Mentha L. have both common and distinctive features. The pube scence, the nature of the margin, and the ratio of the length of the teeth to the calyx tube are different and canbe a diagnosticsign in identifying different types of mint in culture and in the wild. In field mint, the teeth are broadly triangular, obtuse, 3 times shorter than the tube, in horsemint, the teeth are linear-pointed, almost equalin length to the tube. The shape, size, base, edge and top of the leaf blade differed. Thus, in field mint form is ovoidoroblong- elliptical, the base is round, coreorwedge-shaped, the edge is serrated, the tip is sharp, the surface is bare, in long-leaved mint - oblongovoid, rounded, unevenly to othed, sharp, pubescent, respectively. According to the results of microscopican alysis, it was found that in the field mint on the edge of the leaf blade are simple 1-6 cellhairs; numerous 4-6 cellhairs are observed on the entire surface of the leaf blade, including veins. Horsemint has unicellular papillary hairs allover the leaf surface. Clusters of simple 1-4 cell hairs are observed along the edge of the leaf, simple hairs in long-leaved mint are much smaller than in other types of mint. Conclusions. Morphological and anatomical studies of plants of the genus Mentha L.: mint and mint have identified the main morphological specific features that will allow their identification.
CORRECTIONOFPROTEIN OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION WITH QUERTINE IN PATIENTS WITH URONEPHROLITHIASIS COMORBID WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Bilai S.I.
Published: February 2022

Key words: quertine, urate nephrolithiasis, metabolic syndrome, protein oxidative modification. The aim of the research was to study the effect of quertine on the processes of protein oxidative modification in patients with urate nephrolithiasis comorbid with metabolic syndrome. 118 patients, divided into three groups, were examined and treated. Group 1 (control) included patients with urate nephrolithiasis, who were prescribed traditional therapy. Group 2 (experimental) embraced patients with urate nephrolithiasis comorbid with metabolic syndrome, who were prescribed traditional therapy and generally recognized drugs that correct metabolic disorders. Group 3 (main) involved patients with urate nephrolithiasis comorbid with metabolic syndrome, who received traditional therapy and drugs that correct metabolic disorders. To study the state of protein peroxidation, the indicators of protein oxidative modifications were analysedwith the method designed by E.E. Dubininaet al. The study of indicators in the blood serum was performed before treatment and after 7 days, after 14 days, after 1.5-2 months, after 3-6 months. In patients with urate nephrolithiasis, prooxidant activation was observed in the course of traditional therapy: the level of neutral aldehyde and ketone derivatives as well as of alkaline aldehyde derivatives increased. Patients with urate nephrolithiasis and urate nephrolithiasis comorbid with metabolic syndrome demonstrated the development of oxidative stress, manifested by the accumulation of the content of products of protein oxidative modification. After the treatment with quertine, which contains the aglycone of various plant flavonoid glycosides, a more significant decrease in the indicators of protein oxidative modification was noted comparing to experimental group patients; this indicates the antioxidant properties of quertine. Thus, the use of quertine together with traditional therapy and drugs that affect metabolic disorders, differentiated between uricostatic and uricolytic agents, contributed to the normalization of the content of protein peroxidation products.