bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete Static Repopulation of Decellularized Porcine Tissues for Heart Valve Engineering: An in vitro Study
Authors: Roosens Annelies , Asadian Mahtab , De Geyter Nathalie , Somers Pamela , Cornelissen Ria
Published: November 2017

To date, a completely in vitro repopulated tissue-engineered heart valve has not been developed. This study focused on sequentially seeding 2 cell populations onto porcine decellularized heart valve leaflets (HVL) and pericardia (PER) to obtain fully repopulated tissues. For repopulation of the interstitium, porcine valvular interstitial cells (VIC) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) or adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) were used. In parallel, the culture medium was supplemented with ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA) and its effect on recolonization was investigated. Subsequently and in order to obtain an endothelial surface layer similar to those in native HVL, valvular endothelial cells (VEC) were seeded onto the scaffolds. It was shown that VIC efficiently recolonized HVL and partially also PER. On the other hand, stem cells only demonstrated limited or no subsurface cell infiltration of HVL and PER. Interestingly, the addition of AA increased the migratory capacity of both stem cell populations. However, this was more pronounced for BM-MSC, and recolonization of HVL appeared to be more efficient than that of PER tissue. VEC were demonstrated to generate a new endothelial layer on HVL and PER. However, scanning microscopy revealed that these endothelial cells were not allowed to fully spread onto PER. This study provided a proof of concept for the future generation of a bioactive tissue-engineered heart valve by showing that bioactive HVL could be generated in vitro within 14 days via complete repopulation of the interstitium with BM-MSC or VIC and subsequent generation of an entirely new endothelium.
Pleura- und Lungenerkrankungen durch Asbest: Die Erkrankten von heute durch die Fehler von gestern
Authors: Preisser Alexandra M.
Published: November 2017

Hintergrund: Das maligne Pleuramesotheliom ist eine problematische Erkrankung, da die Prognose ungünstig und das Management schwierig ist. Wir evaluierten die Behandlung und den Verlauf von 378 Patienten mit Mesotheliom, die in sechs italienische Onkologiekliniken überwiesen wurden. Methoden: Erhoben wurden demographische und klinische Daten. Als therapeutische Maßnahmen wurden Chemotherapie (Therapielinie, Pemetrexed-haltiges oder anderes Therapieschema), Chirurgie und Strahlentherapie in Betracht gezogen. Schließlich wurden Therapieansprechen und progressionfreies sowie Gesamtüberleben evaluiert. Ergebnisse: 36 Patienten erhielten Best Supportive Care und 342 eine aktive Behandlung; davon unterzogen sich 86 einer Operation, bei 26 wurde eine trimodale Therapie angewendet. Mit der Erstlinienchemotherapie wurde bei 74,2% der Patienten Krankheitskontrolle erreicht (75,7% unter Behandlung mit Pemetrexed in Kombination mit anderen Wirkstoffen und 69% unter Pemetrexed-Monotherapie). Bei Patienten mit wiederholter Pemetrexed-haltiger Therapie betrug die Krankheitskontrollrate 82,6%. Die mediane Überlebensdauer betrug 11,6 Monate bei rein supportiver Therapie, 16,2 Monate bei reiner Chemotherapie, 32,4 Monate bei Chirurgie plus Chemotherapie und 47,2 Monate bei trimodaler Therapie. Eine günstigere Prognose wurde bei Patienten erreicht, die auf die Erstlinientherapie ansprachen und nachfolgend aktiv mit einer zweiten (24,8 vs. 11,8 Monate bei Nonrespondern; p < 0,001) und dritten Chemotherapielinie (28,9 vs. 17,8 Monate bei Nonrespondern; p = 0,05) behandelt wurden. Schlussfolgerung: Patienten mit Mesotheliom profitierten von einer alleinigen Chemotherapie nur, wenn sie nach Ansprechen auf die erste Therapielinie eine zweite erhielten.
A 48-Year-Old Male with Cutaneous Metastases of NUT Midline Carcinoma Misdiagnosed as Herpes Zoster
Authors: Ko Lauren N. , Weng Qing Y.  , Song Johanna S. , Asel Mackenzie , Granter Scott R. , Mostaghimi Arash
Published: November 2017

NUT (nuclear protein of the testis) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare, poorly differentiated neoplasm with dismal prognosis. Though NMC are often metastatic by the time of presentation, cutaneous metastases have not been well described in the literature. We report a case of NMC in a patient who presented with grouped well-demarcated tender non-ulcerated erythematous nodules on the right mid-back. The lesions were initially diagnosed and treated as herpes zoster. Following failure to improve with antiviral therapy, imaging and skin biopsy revealed that the lesions were in fact cutaneous NUT carcinoma. Although NMC is an uncommon diagnosis, clinicians should be aware that affected patients can develop skin involvement to avoid unnecessary and harmful treatments.
MicroRNAs in Renal Diseases: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target
Authors: Petrillo Federica , Iervolino Anna , Zacchia Miriam , Simeoni Adelina , Masella Cristina , Capolongo Giovanna , Perna Alessandra , Capasso Giovambattista , Trepiccione Francesco
Published: November 2017

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of short noncoding RNAs that play important roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation. miRNAs inhibit target gene expression by blocking protein translation or by inducing mRNA degradation and therefore have the potential to modulate physiological and pathological processes. Summary: In the kidney, miRNAs play a role in the organogenesis and in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including renal carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, cystogenesis, and glomerulopathies. Indeed, podocytes, but also the parietal cells of the Bowman capsule are severely affected by miRNA deregulation. In addition, several miRNAs have been found involved in the development of renal fibrosis. These experimental lines of evidence found a counterpart also in patients affected by diabetic and Ig-A nephropathies, opening the possibility of their use as biomarkers. Finally, the possibility to direct target-specific miRNA to prevent the development of renal fibrosis is encouraging potential novel therapies based on miRNA mimicking or antagonism. This review reports the main studies that investigate the role of miRNAs in the kidneys, in particular highlighting the experimental models used, their potential role as biomarkers and, finally, the most recent data on the miRNA-based therapy. Key Messages: miRNAs are crucial regulators of cell function. They are easy to detect and represent potentially good targets for novel therapies.
Mapping Genomic Scaffolds to Chromosomes
Using Laser Capture Microdissection in
Application to Hawaiian Picture-Winged
Drosophila
Authors: Kang Lin , George Phillip , Price Donald K. , Sharakhov Igor , Michalak Pawel
Published: November 2017

Next-generation sequencing technologies have led to a decreased cost and an increased throughput in genome sequencing. Yet, many genome assemblies based on short sequencing reads have been assembled only to the scaffold level due to the lack of sufficient chromosome mapping information. Traditional ways of mapping scaffolds to chromosomes require a large amount of laboratory work and time to generate genetic and/or physical maps. To address this problem, we conducted a rapid technique which uses laser capture microdissection and enables mapping scaffolds of de novo genome assemblies directly to chromosomes in Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. We isolated and sequenced intact chromosome arms from larvae of D. differens. By mapping the reads of each chromosome to the recently assembled scaffolds from 3 Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila species, at least 67% of the scaffolds were successfully assigned to chromosome arms. Even though the scaffolds are not ordered within a chromosome, the fast-generated chromosome information allows for chromosome-related analyses after genome assembling. We utilize this new information to test the faster-X evolution effect for the first time in these Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila species.
Minimal Change Disease as Initial Presentation of ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Diaz Karla , Slayton William , Gupta Nirupama
Published: November 2017

The association between nephrotic syndrome (NS), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and certain paraneoplastic syndromes has been documented in the literature. However, nephrotic changes as part of paraneoplastic syndromes are rare in lymphoid malignancies, particularly in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We report the sudden onset of acute renal failure and NS in a 14-year-old male who initially presented with HLH and was subsequently diagnosed with ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). The treatment of ALCL reversed both the HLH and NS findings. This case demonstrates the importance of considering lymphoma in pediatric patients presenting with NS and HLH.
Effects of Tolvaptan Addition to Furosemide in Normo- and Hyponatremia Patients with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages G3b-5: A Subanalysis of the K-STAR Study
Authors: Tominaga Naoto , Kida Keisuke , Inomata Takayuki , Sato Naoki , Izumi Tohru , Akashi Yoshihiro J. , Shibagaki Yugo
Published: November 2017

Background: Tolvaptan increases free water clearance (aquaresis) and thereby improves hyponatremia. Although hyponatremia on admission is common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), little is known regarding the response to tolvaptan in those who also have chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without hyponatremia. The aim of this subanalysis was to investigate the differences in treatment response between normo- and hyponatremia patients with CHF and CKD stages G3b-5. Methods: The Kanagawa Aquaresis Investigators Trial of Tolvaptan on HF Patients with Renal Impairment (K-STAR) was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled prospective clinical trial that included 81 Japanese patients with CHF and residual signs of congestion despite oral furosemide treatment (≥40 mg/day). All patients were randomly assigned to 7-day treatment with either ≤15 mg/day of new add-on tolvaptan or ≤40 mg/day of increased furosemide. A subanalysis was conducted for 73 patients, who were classified into 2 groups according to their assigned treatment, then further stratified into 2 subgroups according to their serum sodium concentration [Na+]. The differences between the urine and serum parameters from day 1 to 3 were compared between the groups and between the subgroups in each group. Results: The change (Δ) in urine volume (ΔUV) and Δurine osmolality were greater in the tolvaptan group than in the furosemide group; however, ΔUV and Δurine osmolality did not show significant differences between the normonatremia subgroup and the hyponatremia subgroup in each group. In addition, Δserum [Na+] was greater in the tolvaptan group, although the change was not clinically significant. In contrast, Δserum [Na+] did not show significant differences between the normo- and hyponatremia subgroups in each group. Conclusion: Tolvaptan added to furosemide resulted in a greater diuretic effect than increased furosemide, even in normonatremia patients with CHF complicated by CKD stages G3b-5 in the very early treatment phase.
Provocative Testing Prior to Anterior Cerebral Artery Fusiform Aneurysm Embolization
Authors: Moshayedi Pouria , Giurgiutiu Dan-Victor , Ducruet Andrew F. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Jadhav Ashutosh P.
Published: November 2017

We report 2 cases of parent artery occlusion (PAO) for anterior cerebral artery (ACA) fusiform aneurysm embolization after superselective provocative testing was performed to confirm distal territory viability. The first case involves a patient in the second decade of life who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and underwent PAO after a balloon test occlusion in the distal ACA revealed no neurophysiology changes. The second case involves another patient in the forth decade of life who presented with an enlarging pseudoaneurysm and underwent PAO after a sodium amobarbital infusion in the distal ACA revealed no clinical change. Both patients tolerated PAO without clinical compromise. PAO after provocative testing may be a safe and effective strategy in the management of fusiform aneurysm treatment. Key Messages: Provocative testing with superselective balloon test occlusion and sodium amobarbital infusion are both viable options for clinical and physiological interrogation of brain tissue prior to parent vessel occlusion. Neurophysiological monitoring may be a useful surrogate for clinical examination after provocative testing, particularly if patients were treated under general anesthesia.
Pathophysiology of Post Transplant Hypertension in Kidney Transplant: Focus on Calcineurin Inhibitors Induced Oxidative Stress and Renal Sodium Retention and Implications with RhoA/Rho Kinase Pathway
Authors: Calò Lorenzo A. , Ravarotto Verdiana , Simioni Francesca , Naso Elena , Marchini Francesco , Bonfante Luciana , Furian Lucrezia , Rigotti Paolo
Published: November 2017

Post-transplant hypertension is a common occurrence during treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in kidney transplant population. The pathogenesis of vasoconstriction induced by CNIs involves vascular tone alterations and kidney sodium transport regulation. Among the factors involved a key role is played by the activation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system with enhanced release of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and increase of oxidative stress. A common pathway between oxidative stress and hypertension induced by CNIs may be identified in the involvement of the activation of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, key for the induction of hypertension and cardiovascular-renal remodeling, of the oxidative stress mediated increased nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and increased renal sodium retention via increased activity of thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal tubule. We examined literature data including those coming from our group regarding the role of oxidative stress and sodium retention in CNIs induced hypertension and their involvement in cardiovascular-renal remodeling. Based on the available data, we have provided support to the activation of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway as an important effector in the pathophysiology of CNIs induced post-transplant hypertension via activation of oxidative stress and sodium retention. Clarification of how the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate the processes involved in CNIs induced post transplant hypertension work and interact, would provide further insights not only into the comprehension of the pathophysiology of CNIs induced post transplant hypertension but could also have a positive impact on the clinical ground through the identification of significant targets. Their specific pharmacologic targeting might have multiple beneficial effects on the whole cardiovascular-renal function. The demonstration that in kidney transplanted patients with CNIs induced post-transplanted hypertension, the treatment of hypertension with different antihypertensive drugs inducing a comparable blood pressure reduction but different effects for example on oxidative stress and oxidative stress related proteins and/or Rho kinase and sodium retention, could be helpful for the choice of the antihypertensive treatment in these patients which takes advantage from effects of these drugs beyond blood pressure reduction.
Prediction of Intraoperative Urinary Collecting System Entry in Patients with Peripheral Renal Tumors Undergoing Partial Nephrectomy: Usefulness of Tumor-Centered Multiplanar Reconstruction
Authors: Uehara Sho , Yoshida Soichiro , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yasuda Yosuke , Tanaka Hajime , Kijima Toshiki , Yokoyama Minato , Ishioka Junichiro , Matsuoka Yoh , Saito Kazutaka , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: November 2017

Objective: To assess the usefulness of tumor-centered multiplanar reconstruction (TC-MPR) for predicting intraoperative urinary collecting system (UCS) entry in patients with peripheral renal tumors undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN). Methods: Dynamic computed tomography images of 50 peripheral cT1 renal tumors treated with laparoendoscopic PN were analyzed. TC-MPR generated a digital cross-sectional image showing the tumor center and the closest calyx on a same plane. Patients and tumor characteristics including the distance from the tumor margin to the closest calyx (MPR-distance), and the angle formed by 2 tangent lines from the closest calyx to the tumor (MPR-angle) were assessed. Results: Intraoperative UCS entry was observed in 15 patients (30%). The patients who experienced intraoperative UCS entry had a higher RENAL score, wider MPR-angle, and shorter MPR-distance than those who did not (p = 0.04, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified MPR-angle as an independent factor for intraoperative UCS entry (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The spatial information assessed using TC-MPR serves as a predictive factor for intraoperative UCS entry during PN.
Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Instigates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Boini Krishna M. , Hussain Tahir , Li Pin-Lan , Koka Sai S
Published: November 2017

Background/Aim: Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a product of intestinal microbial metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine has been recently associated with atherosclerosis and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rodents and humans. However, the molecular mechanisms of how TMAO induces atherosclerosis and CVD progression are still unclear. The present study tested whether TMAO induces NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation and thereby contributes to endothelial injury initiating atherogenesis. Methods: Inflammasome formation and activation was determined by confocal microscopy, caspase-1 activity was measured by colorimetric assay, IL-1β production was measured using ELISA, cell permeability was determined by microplate reader and ZO-1 expression was determined by western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. In in vivo experiments, TMAO was infused by osmotic pump implantation. Results: TMAO treatment significantly increased the colocalization of NLRP3 with Asc or NLRP3 with caspase-1, caspase-1 activity, IL-1β production, cell permeability in carotid artery endothelial cells (CAECs) compared to control cells. Pretreatment with caspase-1 inhibitor, WEHD or Nlrp3 siRNA abolished the TMAO-induced inflammasome formation, activation and cell permeability in these cells. In addition, we explored the mechanisms by which TMAO activates NLRP3 inflammasomes. TMAO-induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes was associated with both redox regulation and lysosomal dysfunction. In animal experiments, direct infusion of TMAO in mice with partially ligated carotid artery were found to have increased NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β production in the intima of wild type mice. Conclusion: The formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by TMAO may be an important initiating mechanism to turn on the endothelial inflammatory response leading to endothelial dysfunction.
Human Washington University Polyomavirus in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection in Kuwait
Authors: Essa Sahar Sultan , Chehadeh Wassim , Al-Nakib Widad
Published: November 2017

Objective: To determine Washington University (WU) polyomavirus strains circulating among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: Samples from 459 hospitalized children and adult RTI patients were screened for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction from April 2013 to April 2016. The VP2 gene from WU virus (WUV)-positive samples was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Results: Of the 459 hospitalized RTI patients, 18 (3.9%) patients were positive for WUV infection. WUV infection was common among children aged ≤11 years (9 patients, 50%). Among the 18 WUV-infected hospitalized patients, viral co-infection was detected in 9 patients (50%). The most common viruses associated with mixed infection were respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus (2 patients, 11.1% each). Of the 18 WUV-infected patients, 4 were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The circulating strains belong to type Ia and IIIb. Conclusion: This study enabled us to detect WUV among hospitalized RTI patients. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses was notable. Two circulating WUV genotypes (Ia and IIIb) were identified among hospitalized RTI patients in Kuwait.
Nella narrativa brasiliana attuale, protagonista la città.
Authors: Munno Amina Di
Published: November 2017

Il proposito del presente articolo è quello di mettere in luce la presenza e il ruolo della città, non tanto come spazio urbano contrapposto a quello rurale-bucolico, ma di una città che assume una posizione privilegiata, da protagonista o, quanto meno, da coprotagonista, in romanzi prodotti tra la fine del secolo scorso e l’attualità nel panorama letterario brasiliano. Storia, finzione, mito, memoria sono aspetti già presenti nella città descritta durante il Modernismo da autori come Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira e Vinicius de Moraes, ma anche, in tempi diversi, da Lima Barreto, João do Rio, Rubem Fonseca, testimoni delle trasformazioni di Rio de Janeiro. Dal canto suo Mário de Andrade con l’opera Paulicéia Desvairada rivela, conciliando estetiche differenti, i cambiamenti di São Paulo dovuti anche alle forti immigrazioni. Tuttavia, l’obiettivo principale di questo testo verte sull’importanza attribuita alle città di Manaus e di Brasilia rispettivamente nei romanzi di Milton Hatoum e João Almino. Questi autori non si inseriscono nel filone del regionalismo, così marcato nella tradizione brasiliana, ma, piuttosto, fanno agire le presenze umane in un contesto cittadino che assume vita propria, quasi personificandosi.
Ideologia e traduzione: Jorge Amado in Italia e la traduzione in italiano di Capitães da Areia
Authors: Vinci Maria Gloria
Published: November 2017

Il presente lavoro intende prendere in considerazione la traduzione in italiano del romanzo di Jorge Amado, Capitães da areia, realizzata nel 1953 da Dario Puccini, collocandola nel contesto storico-ideologico dell’Italia degli anni ’50 dominato dalla contrapposizione tra Partito comunista e Democrazia Cristiana. Il testo della traduzione, infatti, porta i segni di una costrizione ideologica che piega il romanzo amadiano, mediante recisioni e tagli piuttosto netti di interi capitoli, semplificazioni linguistiche e riscrittura di corposi brani del testo originale, dentro gli schemi del realismo socialista e, dunque, di una letteratura a forte impronta esemplare-educativa.
In Brasile: indagine e considerazioni sul panorama contemporaneo e ultracontemporaneo
Authors: Klein Adriana Iozzi , Wataghin Lucia
Published: November 2017

Lo scenario della letteratura italiana contemporanea tradotta in Brasile comprende autori e titoli consacrati dall’editoria perché ormai “classici” o in quanto campioni di vendite, ma anche giovani autori e nuove opere, spesso pubblicati da editori minori. L’articolo è dedicato a tracciare a grandi linee il panorama attuale, con particolare attenzione per le opere italiane arrivate più recentemente sul mercato brasiliano.
La letteratura italiana tradotta in Argentina
Authors: Cattoni Silvia
Published: November 2017

In due secoli di storia della letteratura argentina, lo sviluppo della letteratura italiana tradotta è in stretto rapporto con i propositi pedagogici o estetici determinati dal contesto culturale dei diversi momenti storici. In linea di massima, è possibile affermare che, dalla conformazione dello Stato nazionale e durante i primi decenni del XX secolo, la traduzione letteraria mirava ad ampliare l’orizzonte culturale di un lettore che si consolidava al ritmo della fiammante nazione. Nelle fasi successive e in stretto rapporto con la politica culturale portata avanti da Victoria Ocampo a partire dal 1931 tramite la rivista Sur e il suo posteriore progetto editoriale, la traduzione è stata soprattutto una pratica di scrittura che ebbe un’influenza decisiva nell’ordito della letteratura nazionale favorendo il suo rinnovo e incentivando le versioni di traduttori argentini. Fu questa un’apertura che favorì, durante la seconda metà del secolo, nel contesto della ricezione della letteratura universale, l’ingresso della letteratura italiana in Argentina. Il presente lavoro tratta in maniera sistematica, ma provvisoria, il panorama della letteratura italiana tradotta in Argentina. Lo scopo principale comporta il registro dei momenti più fecondi e l’interpretazione degli esiti ottenuti nei confronti della traduzione nel sistema letterario nazionale.
Crises e transformações do capitalismo - o diagnóstico de época de Friedrich Pollock
Authors: Rugitsky Fernando
Published: November 2017

O artigo aborda os deslocamentos da interpretação de Friedrich Pollock sobre as tendências inscritas de transformação do capitalismo após a crise de 1929 e sobre as perspectivas para a emancipação. O foco recai em dois artigos do início dos anos 1930 e no famoso “Capitalismo de Estado: possibilidades e limites”, de 1941. Sua interpretação é lida no contexto da história do período e do debate contemporâneo ocorrido no Instituto de Pesquisa Social de Frankfurt. O objetivo é aprofundar a compreensão acerca da interpretação contida no artigo de 1941, indicando semelhanças e diferenças com aquelas expostas no início dos anos 1930.
Repensando o déficit sociológico da teoria crítica: de Honneth a Horkheimer
Authors: Melo Rúrion
Published: November 2017

Com a conhecida crítica do “déficit sociológico”, Honneth apontou a incapacidade de Horkheimer de realizar o programa principal da teoria crítica, a saber, vincular filosofia social com uma análise da sociedade que também se baseasse em pesquisas sociais empíricas. Contudo, por ter se distanciado do paradigma da “luta” e desenvolvido uma teoria preocupada mais com a “reconstrução normativa” das instituições de nossa vida democrática, Honneth acabaria dando menos atenção à relação com a pesquisa social. Defendemos que os trabalhos de Horkheimer da década de 1930 poderiam indiretamente nos ajudar a resolver algumas dificuldades metodológicas concernentes a uma espécie de “novo déficit sociológico” que a teoria crítica estaria enfrentando hoje.
Rousseau racionalista: três leituras
Authors: Tredanaro Emanuele
Published: November 2017

“Rousseau est-il rationaliste?”. Essa pergunta abre a primeira das análises que Robert Derathé dedica ao genebrino. Derathé insere-se em um debate já amadurecido durante aproximadamente quatro décadas, e impulsionado explicitamente por Ernst Cassirer, cujas teses Eric Weil levará às últimas consequências. Cumpriremos aqui uma incursão nas interpretações que Cassirer, Derathé e Weil propõem acerca do racionalismo de Rousseau, apontando para a peculiaridade das conclusões às quais chega cada um deles, embora todos compartilhem a recusa de ler Rousseau como mero philosophe de la sensiblerie. Nessa perspectiva, o confronto com o kantismo tornar-se-á essencial para entendermos a fecundidade das três leituras.
Uma atualização da teoria política de Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Authors: Marin Inara Luisa
Published: November 2017

As páginas seguintes têm em vista mudar o foco da discussão política em Rousseau colocando-o sob conceitos como piedade, autopreservação, intersubjetividade e reconhecimento ao invés de outros como liberdade, vontade geral, soberania, leis e razão. De um ponto de vista interno às obras, esta leitura deve servir para realocar este último grupo de conceitos numa perspectiva diferente; de um ponto de vista externo, o primeiro grupo de conceitos pode nos permitir inferir novas relações com as noções de negatividade, crítica e intersubjetividade. Este recorte visa mostrar como os paradoxos levantados por Rousseau ainda são centrais para as discussões sobre política e teoria em nossos dias.
Da saída do estado de natureza
Authors: Nascimento Luís Fernandes dos Santos
Published: November 2017

A partir do Segundo Discurso, o presente texto busca analisar as complexidades presentes na ideia de estado de natureza apresentada na referida obra.
A história filosófica contra Rousseau
Authors: Pimenta Pedro Paulo
Published: November 2017

Trata-se de mostrar como a história filosófica, gênero típico da época da Ilustração, foi utilizada como uma espécie de método alternativo à história conjectural, tal como concebida e utilizada por Rousseau no segundo Discurso. É o caso, notadamente, da History of America, do escocês William Roberston, onde o selvagem americano aparece como tipo do homem natural, inserido no quadro de uma teoria do desenvolvimento da sociedade através de estágios. A profundidade teórica e o potencial crítico da obra de Robertson foram identificados por Edmund Burke, seu primeiro e mais arguto leitor.
2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary
Authors: Olasveengen Theresa M. , de Caen Allan R. , Mancini Mary E. , Maconochie Ian K. , Aickin Richard , Atkins Dianne L. , Berg Robert A. , Bingham Robert M. , Brooks Steven C. , Castrén Maaret , Chung Sung Phil , Considine Julie , Couto Thomaz Bittencourt , Escalante Raffo , Gazmuri Raúl J. , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Hatanaka Tetsuo , Koster Rudolph W. , Kudenchuk Peter J. , Lang Eddy , Lim Swee Han , Løfgren Bo , Meaney Peter A. , Montgomery William H. , Morley Peter T. , Morrison Laurie J. , Nation Kevin J. , Ng Kee-Chong , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Nishiyama Chika , Nuthall Gabrielle , Ong Gene Yong-Kwang , Perkins Gavin D. , Reis Amelia G. , Ristagno Giuseppe , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Sayre Michael R. , Schexnayder Stephen M. , Sierra Alfredo F. , Singletary Eunice M. , Shimizu Naoki , Smyth Michael A. , Stanton David , Tijssen Janice A. , Travers Andrew , Vaillancourt Christian , Van de Voorde Patrick , Hazinski Mary Fran , Nolan Jerry P.
Published: November 2017

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a near-continuous review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation science that replaces the previous 5-year cyclic batch-and-queue approach process. This is the first of an annual series of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations summary articles that will include the cardiopulmonary resuscitation science reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in the previous year. The review this year includes 5 basic life support and 1 pediatric Consensuses on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Each of these includes a summary of the science and its quality based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force members are provided in Values and Preferences sections. Finally, the task force members have prioritized and listed the top 3 knowledge gaps for each population, intervention, comparator, and outcome question.
Angiographic and Clinical Characteristics of Thoracolumbar Spinal Epidural and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Kiyosue Hiro , Matsumaru Yuji , Niimi Yasunari , Takai Keisuke , Ishiguro Tomoya , Hiramatsu Masafumi , Tatebayashi Kotaro , Takagi Toshinori , Yoshimura Shinichi
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose—

The purpose of this study is to compare the angiographic and clinical characteristics of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEAVFs) and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) of the thoracolumbar spine.

Methods—

A total of 168 cases diagnosed as spinal dural or extradural arteriovenous fistulas of the thoracolumbar spine were collected from 31 centers. Angiography and clinical findings, including symptoms, sex, and history of spinal surgery/trauma, were retrospectively reviewed. Angiographic images were evaluated, with a special interest in spinal levels, feeders, shunt points, a shunted epidural pouch and its location, and drainage pattern, by 6 readers to reach a consensus.

Results—

The consensus diagnoses by the 6 readers were SDAVFs in 108 cases, SEAVFs in 59 cases, and paravertebral arteriovenous fistulas in 1 case. Twenty-nine of 59 cases (49%) of SEAVFs were incorrectly diagnosed as SDAVFs at the individual centers. The thoracic spine was involved in SDAVFs (87%) more often than SEAVFs (17%). Both types of arteriovenous fistulas were predominant in men (82% and 73%) and frequently showed progressive myelopathy (97% and 92%). A history of spinal injury/surgery was more frequently found in SEAVFs (36%) than in SDAVFs (12%;
P
=0.001). The shunt points of SDAVFs were medial to the medial interpedicle line in 77%, suggesting that SDAVFs commonly shunt to the bridging vein. All SEAVFs formed an epidural shunted pouch, which was frequently located in the ventral epidural space (88%) and drained into the perimedullary vein (75%), the paravertebral veins (10%), or both (15%).

Conclusions—

SDAVFs and SEAVFs showed similar symptoms and male predominance. SDAVFs frequently involve the thoracic spine and shunt into the bridging vein. SEAVFs frequently involve the lumbar spine and form a shunted pouch in the ventral epidural space draining into the perimedullary vein.
Aging and Property Prices: A Theory of Very-Long-Run Portfolio Choice and Its Predictions on  Japanese Municipalities in the 2040s
Authors: Tamai Yoshihiro , Shimizu Chihiro , Nishimura Kiyohiko G.
Published: November 2017

In this paper we investigate the effect of aging population on property (land) prices. A theory of very-long-run portfolio choice is developed for a transition economy from young and growing to rapidly aging population and applied to estimate property price inflation in Japanese municipal markets. The results are stunning. The simulation results in which income factors are assumed to be fixed at the 2005-10 growth level suggest that the average residential property price (land price) in the Japanese municipalities may decrease by as much as 19 percent from the present to 2020, 24 percent to 2030, and 32 percent to 2040.
The Rise and Fall of Thailand's Export-Oriented Industries
Authors: Nidhiprabha Bhanupong
Published: November 2017

In the past three decades, with the exception of the Asian financial crisis in 1997–98, the Thai economy was propelled by the rapid growth of manufactured exports. There were 18 years of a double-digit export growth, averaging 20.5 percent per year. In 2009, Thailand's exports collapsed after the 2008–09 global financial crisis, but rebounded sharply in the following year. Thailand's exports growth significantly slowed down in 2011 and 2012. From 2013 to 2016, Thailand's exports experienced negative growth. The global recession and China's slowdown contributed to the dismal export performance. There was also a supply factor responsible for the negative growth, however. The dwindling level of foreign direct investment (FDI), caused by Thailand's political turmoil and pessimistic business sentiment, has diminished export capability and competitiveness. The fall of Thailand's export-oriented industries can be attributed to the country's inability to attract FDI inflows. Some industries that are able to secure continuous flows of FDI remain competitive, whereas others that cannot will progressively retreat from the world market.
The Global Value Chain and the Competitiveness of  Asian Countries
Authors: Kiyota Kozo , Oikawa Keita , Yoshioka Katsuhiro
Published: November 2017

This paper examines the competitiveness of industries in six Asian countries—China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—using the World Input–Output Database tables from 1995 to 2011. Competitiveness is measured by the value-added that industries contribute to the production of final goods, which we refer to as global value chain (GVC) income, rather than by gross exports. We find that, unlike EU countries, Asian countries have generally been able to combine increasing GVC job opportunities with a rise in real income. The GVC income in Asian countries presents a different picture to that in European countries.
A new species of the genus Eocorophium (Amphipoda, Corophiidae) from Korea
Authors: Heo Jun-Haeng , Kim Young-Hyo
Published: November 2017

A new species of the corophiid gammaridean amphipods belonging to the rare genus Eocorophium Bousfield & Hoover, 1997 was collected from Korean waters. The new species is fully illustrated and compared with related species. This is the first record of the genus Eocorophium from Korea. A key to the species of Eocorophium is also provided.
A Problem for Global Egalitarianism
Authors: Hodgson Louis-Philippe
Published: November 2017

Do the demands of egalitarian justice extend to the international realm? Some believe that a positive answer follows from a simple line of reasoning: where a child happens to be born is a morally arbitrary fact; accordingly, it shouldn’t unduly influence her life prospects, as will inevitably be the case unless economic inequalities between countries are ironed out. I argue that this style of argument overlooks an important problem concerning the extent to which a person can unilaterally impose enforceable obligations on others by choosing to have a child. I maintain that properly egalitarian duties of distributive justice only arise when this problem of unilateral imposition has been solved. I further argue that solving the problem requires robust political institutions that do not exist in the international context—institutions instantiating a version of what John Rawls calls pure procedural justice, to ensure that the aggregate result of individual reproductive choices is acceptable to all.
Dalit Christian Reservations: Colonial Moorings of a Live Debate
Authors: Mallampalli Chandra
Published: November 2017

Since 1950, the Government of India has maintained its policy of denying affirmative-action benefits to Dalit converts to Christianity. Debates about Dalit Christian reservations are most often centered on contemporary political trends. Far less attention is paid to developments during the colonial period, when sharp differences between religious ‘communities’ were formulated as policy. As much as the colonial state attempted to grapple with ethnographic realities on the ground, it ultimately embraced an idealized notion of a ‘casteless Native Christian community’. Against massive data that revealed the persistence of caste among converts, this idea of casteless Christianity was readily appropriated by the postcolonial state, which has been all to eager to use it as the basis for denying affirmative action to Dalit Christians. Dalit Christians seeking a change to this policy must therefore grapple with the past, by refuting assumptions embedded in nineteenth-century missionary rhetoric and state policies.
The Apostolic Vicariate of Western Siam and the Rise of Catholicism in Malaysia and Singapore *
Authors: Pillai Shanthini , Brown Bernardo E.
Published: November 2017

This article examines the emergence of the Catholic Church in Malaysia and Singapore in the modern period through an exploration of the Apostolic Vicariate of Western Siam (1841–1888). The establishment of this Catholic institution—a temporary territorial jurisdiction in missionary regions that precedes the creation of new dioceses—was key to advancing the transition of the Church from its older colonial model towards a modern national Church. Focusing on the work conducted by French missionaries of the Missions Étrangères de Paris (mep) over these five decades, we analyze the process of developing a local clergy and setting up the socio-cultural scaffolding of the contemporary Catholic Church in the Malay Peninsula. We pay special attention to how mep missionaries skilfully navigated their missionary activities through encounters with Malay rulers and British colonial officers to secure the creation of a Catholic elite independent of the Portuguese Padroado. Our argument suggests that the apostolic vicariate and the dynamism of the French mep missionaries in colonial Malaya opened up the pathway for the rise of the ethnic Catholic elites in modern-day Malaysia and Singapore.
The Case of a Christian Governor in Jakarta as a Sign of Times for Catholics (and Christians) in Indonesia
Authors: Binawan Andang L
Published: November 2017

Blasphemy charges against Ahok (BasukiTjahajaPurnama), as he contested Jakarta’s gubernatorial election, turned into a test of how successful Islamic hardliners can be in exercising influence on the moderate Muslim majority. Ahok was the first Chinese Christian governor of Jakarta in the contemporary times enjoying immense popularity. His political rivals, who are a group of extreme Muslims, exploited religious sentiment to win the election. This governor election, then, seemingly became a battle between the moderate majority, who mostly support Ahok, and the hardliners, who are clearly outnumbered.

This case points to the emergence of an iceberg appearing from the Islamic movement, some seventy years after the political independence of Indonesia. Though it does not indicate whether Indonesia will in the near future become an Islamic state, it is clear that the pendulum is swinging from the middle to the right. Responding to this recent development, minorities, especially Christians including Catholics, should redefine their place in Indonesia.
Ficus diamantina (Moraceae) a new species from high montane forests in north-east Brazil
Authors: MACHADO ANDERSON F. P. , QUEIROZ LUCIANO PAGANUCCI DE
Published: November 2017

A new species of fig tree endemic to the Chapada Diamantina in the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia, is described and illustrated. Ficus diamantina belongs to the Ficus sect. Americanae. The new species occurs sympatrically with Ficus clusiifolia and shows affinities with Ficus bahiensis from which it differs by the reddish color of young branches with epidermis flaking off, the tector and glandular trichomes on the lamina abaxial surface, the number of lateral veins, the divergence angle of basal pair of veins and the subsessile syconia. It occurs in high montane forests near Campos Rupestres (upland rocky fields) at altitudes up to 800 m.
Two new species of free-living nematodes genera Microlaimus de Man, 1880 and Aponema Jensen, 1978 (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the Black Sea
Authors: REVKOVA TATIANA N.
Published: November 2017

Two new species of the family Microlaimidae Micoletzky, 1922 are described and illustrated from the Black Sea. Aponema pontica sp. n. is morphologically closest to A. torosum in the shape of the body and spicules, size of amphids, but differs in having small and triangular cardia, absence of constriction in head region, shape of gubernaculum apophyses, rounded and weakly sclerotised lumen of pharyngeal bulb and longer spicules. Microlaimus paraglobiceps sp. n. morphologically resembles M. globiceps de Man, 1880 in the shape of the body, structure of the male sexual organs and presence of precloacal pore, but the main difference is a shorter body, cuticle finely annulated all over the body and absence of sexual dimorphism in the size of amphideal fovea.
A new species of Tyrannomyrmex Fernández 2003 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Solenopsidini) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: SADASIVAN KALESH , KRIPAKARAN MANOJ
Published: November 2017

A new species of Tyrannomyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), T. alii sp. nov., is described from the Western Ghats of Kerala State in southern India. This new species can be distinguished from other Tyrannomyrmex species using morphological characters, from T.dux by the petiolar shape, and from T. legatus and T.rex by surface sculpture and pilosity. The gyne of the genus is described for the first time. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of the gyne and worker castes, images from scanning electron microscopy, a key to all four known species of Tyrannomyrmex, and a note on the ecology of this rare genus.
Two new species of Paramphimonhystrella (Nematoda, Monhysterida, Xyalidae) from the deep-sea sediments in the Western Pacific Ocean and adjacent shelf seafloor
Authors: SHI BENZE , YU TINGTING , XU KUIDONG
Published: November 2017

Two new species of marine nematodes, Paramphimonhystrella longispicula sp. n. in the deep-sea sediments from the Philippine Sea in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean with the water depth of 3920–5176 m and P. eurystoma sp. n. in the shelf seafloor from the East China Sea with the water depth of 55–64 m, are described. Both species possess long and slender spicules, which are present only in the congener P. barbula, a species discovered from the continental slope of New Zealand. Paramphimonhystrella longispicula sp. n. can be easily distinguished from P. barbula by the relatively broader buccal cavity, the unequally long cervical setae and a higher number of terminal setae. Paramphimonhystrella eurystoma sp. n. is unique in having a peculiar gubernaculum with two proximal capitula and a peculiar hammer-shaped cuticularized piece posterior to vulva, by which it can be distinguished from P. longispicula sp. n. and P. barbula as well as other congeners. Paramphimonhystrella longispicula sp. n. differs from P. eurystoma sp. n. also by the number of terminal setae (4 vs. 2). A dichotomous key to nine valid species of Paramphimonhystrella is provided.
Scientific Challenges of Convective-Scale Numerical Weather Prediction
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Ziemiański Michał Z. , Cullen Mike , Termonia Piet , Onvlee Jeanette , Bengtsson Lisa , Carrassi Alberto , Davy Richard , Deluca Anna , Gray Suzanne L. , Homar Víctor , Köhler Martin , Krichak Simon , Michaelides Silas , Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Soares Pedro M. M. , Wyszogrodzki Andrzej A.
Published: November 2017

After extensive efforts over the course of a decade, convective-scale weather forecasts with horizontal grid spacings of 1–5 km are now operational at national weather services around the world, accompanied by ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). However, though already operational, the capacity of forecasts for this scale is still to be fully exploited by overcoming the fundamental difficulty in prediction: the fully three-dimensional and turbulent nature of the atmosphere. The prediction of this scale is totally different from that of the synoptic scale (103km), with slowly evolving semigeostrophic dynamics and relatively long predictability on the order of a few days.

Even theoretically, very little is understood about the convective scale compared to our extensive knowledge of the synoptic-scale weather regime as a partial differential equation system, as well as in terms of the fluid mechanics, predictability, uncertainties, and stochasticity. Furthermore, there is a requirement for a drastic modification of data assimilation methodologies, physics (e.g., microphysics), and parameterizations, as well as the numerics for use at the convective scale. We need to focus on more fundamental theoretical issues—the Liouville principle and Bayesian probability for probabilistic forecasts—and more fundamental turbulence research to provide robust numerics for the full variety of turbulent flows.

The present essay reviews those basic theoretical challenges as comprehensibly as possible. The breadth of the problems that we face is a challenge in itself: an attempt to reduce these into a single critical agenda should be avoided.