bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Relation between Task-Variety, Social Informal Learning, and Employability
Authors: Froehlich Dominik Emanuel
Published: March 2021

Fluctuating demands and fast changing job-requirements require organizations to invest in employees so that they are able to take up new tasks. In this respect, fostering employees’ employability is high on the agenda of many organizations. As a prerequisite for creating employability, many scholars have focused on the role of social informal learning. In this study, we extend this perspective and examine the relationships between task variety, social informal learning, and employability. We hypothesized that task variety is a catalyst for social informal learning, which in turn enhances employees’ employability. We contribute empirical evidence for this mechanism. However, while task variety leads to social informal learning and, subsequently, the competences needed for employability, task variety also may have negative direct effects on employability. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and practice.
Comparison of Automated Vehicle Struck-from-Behind Crash Rates with National Rates Using Naturalistic Data
Authors: Goodall Noah J.
Published: March 2021

Automated vehicle developers in California are required to submit records of crashes and distances traveled in autonomous mode for all vehicles in their fleets. Several studies have investigated this database to compare automated vehicle crash rates with national rates. Although automated vehicles are struck from behind in 73% of their autonomous mode crashes, this is the first study to compare automated vehicle struck-from-behind crash rates to national rates using equivalent crash definitions. Rear-end collisions have substantial public health and economic impacts, representing a third of all collisions and $3.9 B in annual economic costs. In this study, automated vehicles were found to be struck from behind while in autonomous mode 17.2 (14.2–20.7, 95% CI) times per million-miles traveled, significantly higher than human-driven vehicles in naturalistic driving studies (3.6, 3.0–4.3, 95% CI). These differences narrow when comparing urban driving and business/industrial driving in the naturalistic driving studies with AV testing in similar environments. Automated vehicles were more likely to be struck when stopped than when moving, suggesting that automated vehicles’ decisions about where and when to stop at intersection are more plausible as contributing factors than unexpected rates of deceleration.
Researching race-ethnicity in race-mute Europe
Authors: Jugert Philipp , Kaiser Marie Jolanda , Ialuna Francesca , Civitillo Sauro
Published: March 2021

In Germany and continental Europe more broadly, race and ethnicity are concepts that are not widely used and increasingly erased from legislation. Nevertheless, race and ethnicity are still used as social markers and often merely replaced with other terms (e.g., cultural background). The goal of this paper is threefold. First, we point to the danger of treating race and ethnicity as essentialist categories, which is still common in developmental science research. Second, we want to outline specific problems that occur when doing research on ethnicity and race with children and adolescents in the European race-mute context. Third, we suggest that future research ought to focus more on constructions of Whiteness and reproduction of power differences among ethnic majority populations. In doing so, we draw on examples from our own research on ethnic-racial identity and ethnic-racial socialization.
Cannabis and its different strains: do they have differential effects on time perception?
Authors: Muro Anna , Cladellas Ramon , Castellà Judit
Published: March 2021

Previous studies show how time perception can be altered by cannabis consumption, but it is not clear yet whether cannabis produces temporal underproductions or overproductions after acute cannabis intoxication. The present study aimed to analyze a sample of 50 regular cannabis users controlling for cannabis strain (sativa, indica, and hybrid) and to compare their scores in a temporal production task before and after consuming cannabis with a control group of 49 non-users. Results showed that cannabis intake leads to overproductions, suggesting that regular users’ internal tempo slows down after acute intoxication. However, the analyses of main effects showed that indica users, both at baseline levels and after consuming, reported significant underproductions compared to controls, sativa, and hybrid users, and the cannabis-induced effects had a higher magnitude after smoking in the indica-strain group. Results highlight the relevance of including the type of strain consumed in cannabis studies and they are discussed in terms of short- and long-term alterations in temporal perception under the light of the self-medication theory and the therapeutic uses of cannabis.
Replay in minds and machines
Authors: Wittkuhn Lennart , Chien Samson , Hall-McMaster Sam , Schuck Nicolas W.
Published: March 2021

Experience-related brain activity patterns reactivate during sleep, wakeful rest, and brief pauses from active behavior. In parallel, machine learning research has found that experience replay can lead to substantial performance improvements in artificial agents. Together, these lines of research suggest replay has a variety of computational benefits for decision-making and learning. Here, we provide an overview of putative computational functions of replay as suggested by machine learning and neuroscientific research. We show that replay can lead to faster learning, less forgetting, reorganization or augmentation of experiences, and support planning and generalization. In addition, we highlight the benefits of reactivating abstracted internal representations rather than veridical memories, and discuss how replay could provide a mechanism to build internal representations that improve learning and decision-making.
People underestimate the errors by algorithms for credit scoring and recidivism but tolerate even fewer errors
Authors: Rebitschek Felix G. , Gigerenzer Gerd , Wagner Gert
Published: March 2021

This study provides the first representative analysis of error estimations and error tolerance in a Western country (Germany) with regards to algorithmic decision-making systems (ADM). We examine people’s expectations about the accuracy of algorithms that predict credit default, recidivism of an offender, suitability of a job applicant, and health behavior. Also, we ask whether expectations about algorithm errors vary between these domains and how they differ from expectations about errors made by human experts. In a nationwide representative study (N=3,086) we find that most respondents underestimated the actual errors made by algorithms and are willing to tolerate even fewer errors than estimated. Error estimates and error tolerance did not differ consistently for predictions made by algorithms or human experts, but people’s living conditions (e.g. unemployment, household income) affect domain-specific tolerance (job suitability, credit defaulting) of misses and false alarms. We conclude that people have unwarranted trust in the competence of ADM systems and evaluate errors in terms of potential personal consequences. Given the general public’s low error tolerance, we further conclude that acceptance of ADM appears to be conditional to strict accuracy requirements.
More Green Than Gray? Toward a Sustainable Overview of Environmental Spillover Effects: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis (Postprint)
Authors: Geiger Sandra Jeanette , Brick Cameron , Nalborczyk Ladislas , Bosshard Anna , Jostmann Nils
Published: March 2021

In response to climate change, interventions have been implemented to encourage sustainable behavior. Such interventions may not only promote the target behavior but also increase (positive spillover) or reduce (negative spillover) non-targeted outcomes. This pre-registered meta-analysis integrated the experimental research on environmental spillover to update a previous meta-analysis (Maki et al., 2019). Database searches in several languages supplemented by searches to retrieve unpublished literature yielded 63 aggregated effect sizes from 38 studies and 29 articles (N = 26,613 unique participants). A three-level Bayesian meta-analysis provided weak support for no spillover on intentions and strong support for no spillover on behaviors. If spillover was present, it would likely be small and positive for intentions, δ = 0.15, 95% CrI [-0.01, 0.31], but negligible for behaviors, δ = 0.01, 95% CrI [-0.13, 0.16]. Positive spillover was most likely when interventions were autonomy-supportive (very strong evidence), provided a rationale (moderate to strong evidence), did not use financial (dis)incentives (weak to strong evidence), and addressed normative (extreme evidence) or a combination of normative and personal gain goals (strong evidence). Spillover was similar across research settings (moderate evidence) and partly across samples (weak to moderate evidence), which may suggest generalizability. To set standards for robust spillover research, we developed the Power-Reporting-Open science (PRO) guidelines. The Bayesian approach allows for robust conclusions and continuous updating with new evidence. We hope that this supports future revisions toward a sustainable overview of robust and high-powered spillover studies that independent researchers can easily update.
The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Muñoz Ercio
Published: March 2021

In this paper, I estimate intergenerational mobility (IGM) in education using cross-sectional data from 91 censuses that span 24 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) over half a century. I measure upward mobility as the likelihood of obtaining at least a primary education for individuals whose parents did not finish primary school, whereas downward mobility as the likelihood of failing to complete primary education for individuals whose parents completed at least primary school. In addition, I explore the geography of educational IGM using nearly 400 “provinces” (coarse administrative units similar to states in the U.S.) and more than 6,000 “districts” (fine administrative units similar to counties in the U.S.). I document wide cross-country and within-country heterogeneity. In LAC, the distance between the most and least upwardly mobile country is close to what has been recently documented in Africa, although the least mobile countries in Africa are less mobile than the least mobile in LAC. I document a declining trend in the mobility gap between urban and rural populations, but I do not find important differences by gender. Within countries, the level of mobility is highly correlated to the share of primary completion of the previous generation, which suggests a high level of inertia. In addition, upward (downward) mobility is negatively (positively) correlated to distance to the capital and the share of employment in agriculture, but positively (negatively) correlated to the share of employment in industry. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
On the Distribution of Estates and the Distribution of Wealth: Evidence from the Dead
Authors: Berman Yonatan , Morelli Salvatore
Published: March 2021

Detailed information about the distribution of estates left at death has commonly served as the basis for the estimation of wealth distributions among the living via the mortality multiplier method. The application of detailed mortality rates by demographics and other determinants of mortality is crucial for obtaining an unbiased representation of the wealth distribution of the living. Yet, in this paper we suggest that a simplified mortality multiplier method, derived using average mortality rates and aggregate tabulations by estate size, may be sufficient to derive compelling estimates of wealth concentration. We show that the application of homogeneous multipliers leads to estimates that are close in level and trend to the concentration of wealth derived in the existing literature with the detailed mortality multiplier method for a variety of countries. The use of mortality rates graduated by estate size does not confute this finding. We also derive the general formal conditions for the similarity between the distributions of wealth of the living and estates at death and discuss the main caveats. These findings may unlock a wide array of aggregate estate tabulations, previously thought to be unusable, for estimating historical trends of wealth concentration. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper Series)
MONOGRAF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT
Authors: Munir Miftahul
Published: March 2021

Dengan Mengucapkan Puji Syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. Atas rahmat dan hidayahNya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan buku monograf yang berjudul “Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Terhadap Kinerja Perawat” Buku Monograf ini diharapkan bisa menjadi tambahan referensi bagi para akademisi dan tenaga kesehatan khususnya para perawat dalam rangkah menambah hasanah pengetahuan tentang Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) untuk mrningkatkan kinerja perawat . Penulis tentunya menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan buku monograf ini masih banyak kekurangan sehingga diperlukan kritik dan saran demi kesempurnaan dalam penulisan kedepannya. Semoga buku monograf ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi semua, Allahumma Aamiin
Functional connectivity changes and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease: A review
Authors: Huijser Dorien
Published: March 2021

This review discusses findings on resting-state intra- and internetwork functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It discusses the five most often cited networks observed as being altered in AD and attempts to link those to cognitive dysfunctions in AD. The default mode network shows a consistent decrease in intranetwork connectivity and a decreased suppression of specific areas, likely relating to impaired memory performance. Concerning the salience network, there might be a temporary increase in activity in certain regions in early AD, causing a heightened sensitivity to emotionally salient stimuli. However, ultimately, intranetwork connectivity is impaired, likely leading to attentional deficits as the SAL becomes less efficient at (dis)engaging other functional networks. The executive control network shows a trajectory similar to the SAL, with executive functions and language being most affected. The dorsal attention network is likely related to top-down attention orienting and shows a gradual connectivity decrease in AD, as does the sensorimotor network. Finally, the balance between these networks seems to be disturbed. Results suggest that functional connectivity alterations could be used as a biomarker for AD diagnosis.
Jeden rosyjski realonim czasownikowy w konfrontacji przekładowej
Authors: Lewicki Roman Zbigniew
Published: March 2021

Artykuł reprezentuje przekładoznawstwo zorientowane kulturowo, śledzące konfrontację odbiorcy z obcym dla niego kontekstem kulturowym, co wpisuje się w tendencję współczesnych badań humanistycznych kierowania uwagi na kulturowe, obyczajowe zróżnicowanie społeczeństw. Analizie podlega czasownik rosyjski говеть, należący do grupy nazw realiów, a odnoszący się do sfery prawosławnej obyczajowości religijnej, w aspekcie jego przekazu w przekładach. Jako materiał służy 11 utworów literatury rosyjskiej XIX i XX wieku, z których wybrano konteksty zawierające badany leksem na podstawie danych Narodowego Korpusu Języka Rosyjskiego oraz ich przekłady na język polski. Wskazano na nierównomierność stopnia przekazu poszczególnych elementów struktury semantycznej, różnorodność technik przekazu i zastosowanie zmian składniowych jako sposobu umożliwiającego uniknięcie poszukiwania ekwiwalentu dla leksemu rosyjskiego. Stwierdzono, że przekłady polskie wykazują tendencję do adaptacji kulturowej i nie akcentują odmienności prawosławnej obyczajowości religijnej.
Локализация дейктического центра нарратива в русских переводах англоязычной прозы (XIX-XXI вв.)
Authors: Уржа Анастасия Викторовна
Published: March 2021

В фокусе исследования – использование языковых средств, локализующих дейктический центр нарратива, в русских переводах англоязычной прозы. Сопоставительный анализ вариантов перевода относительно оригинальных текстов позволяет выявить факторы, влияющие на приближение дейктического центра к читателю в рамках внутренней фокализации (эта тенденция в русских переводных нарративах является распространенной, но не универсальной). Маркерами приближения становятся замены форм прошедшего времени на формы настоящего исторического и введение дополнительных дейктиков (‘сегодня’, ‘здесь’, ‘теперь’) в рассказах о прошлом. Среди выявленных факторов – различия языковых систем (отсутствие правила согласования времен и конструкций типа Complex Object в русском языке), расхождения нарративных традиций (различная стилистическая маркированность настоящего исторического), а также особенности перспективы произведений с авторскими приемами актуализации внутренней точки зрения, которые переводчики стремятся акцентировать.
«Зимнее утро» Александра Пушкина: три англоязычных перевода
Authors: Nenarokova Maria
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена трем переводам стихотворения А.С.Пушкина «Зимнее утро». Для анализа взяты переводы, выполненные Н.Паниным (1888), его современником Ч.Э.Тернером (1899), и последний по времени перевод Р.Кларка (2016). Переводы данного стихотворения интересны для анализа, поскольку оно построено на антитезах. В статье рассматриваются пары «мороз» - «солнце», «ненастный вечер» - «солнечное утро», «тьма» - «сияние», ключевые понятия русской культуры «тоска» и «веселье», русская реалия «печь». Тексты переводов анализировались по методике медленного чтения. Анализ текстов показал, что переводчик может выступать и как исследователь. Р.Кларк ввел в свой перевод реалию, которой не было в оригинале. Таким образом, «милый берег», упоминающийся в стихотворении, становится конкретным местом около усадьбы Берново, хозяев которой навещал Пушкин.
Другие ли Другие люди? Inni ludzie Дороты Масловской в русском переводе
Authors: Małysa Oksana
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с переводом на русский язык книги Дороты Масловской Другие люди, предназначенного для театральной адаптации. Особое внимание обращается на жанровую специфику текста, а также на отдельные показатели языкового, нарративного и культурного плана, не все из которых находят отражение в русской версии. Ориентированность на другого адресата приводит к некоторой перестановке смысловых акцентов – вырисовывается не полностью нелицеприятный образ поляка по сравнению с представленным в исходном текста, а проблемы польского коллективного сознания выходят здесь на уровень универсальной проблематики.
Wstęp
Authors: Lubocha-Kruglik Jolanta
Published: March 2021

Wstęp do bloku tematycznego W przestrzeni przekładu
Literatura postkolonialna – literatura mniejsza. Pisarstwo postkolonialne wobec koncepcji Deleuze’a i Guattariego
Authors: Poręba Izabela
Published: March 2021

W artykule przedstawiono narracyjne strategie oporu literatury postkolonialnej w kontekście stworzonego przez Gilles’a Deleuze’a i Félixa Guattariego pojęcia literatury mniejszej. Przedmiotem rozważań jest też pytanie o łączliwość Deleuzjańskiej myśli z problemami teorii postkolonialnej. Na to pytanie odpowiedzi udzielone zostały między innymi w książce Deleuze and the Postcolonial pod redakcją Simone Bignall i Paula Pattona. Mniejszościowe użycie języka omówiono również w związku z rozważaniami Jacques’a Derridy na temat przywłaszczania cudzej mowy i jednojęzyczności. Celem szkicu jest refleksja nad tym, dlaczego literatura postkolonialna może być ujmowana jako „mniejsza” w znaczeniu zaproponowanym przez Deleuze’a i Guattariego oraz jak wykorzystuje potencjał języka do manifestowania doświadczenia i tożsamości podporządkowanych.
Sewaka dharma hindu nurse toward patients in sanglah general hospital denpasar
Authors: Ayuningsih Ni Nyoman , Suda I Ketut , Subrata I Wayan
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to reveal Hindu nurse services at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. As the largest hospital in Bali, RSUP Sanglah Denpasar has sufficient, safe, reliable, sophisticated facilities with the support of qualified and experienced human resources and has received various awards both national and international should be able to provide services to patients by upholding human dignity in services, education, and research. This phenomenon is a problem that requires an applicable solution and a formula for hospital services regarding nursing care for patients at the Sanglah Central General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Research on Hindu nurse services at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar was completed by qualitative methods. All primary data were collected directly at Sanglah General Hospital using participatory observation techniques and in-depth interview techniques. Obtaining data is complemented by the results of literature studies on scientific papers and books on nursing. All data were analyzed qualitatively using social practice theory, service management theory, and reception theory. The results showed that the Hindu nurse service at Sanglah Hospital was not optimal due to the habitus factor, the dominance factor of the structure, and the doxa factor in providing services to Sanglah Hospital patients.
Praxis Makes Perfect? Transcending Textbooks to Learning Evaluation Experientially and in Cultural Contexts
Authors: Bowman (Waapalaneexkweew) Nicole
Published: March 2021

Abstract: The theory-to-practice loop is riddled with gaps, incongruencies, and, at times, trauma when it comes to the professional development and practice of evaluators. Our current system of professional development for evaluators systemically and institutionally reinforces racism, white privilege, and misogyny, thus re-creating harm and the barriers that so many BIPOC and LGBTQ2S evaluators are working hard to overcome. This article provides the reader with an alternative to the field’s valuing and learning evaluation within “institutions of higher education” and other “formal” and “scholarly” learning spaces. Rather, it provides for a balanced approach of experiential learning in the field and within cultural contexts as a much-needed professional design component for developing responsive, effective, and transformative evaluators. Praxis and experience should have at least equal value, merit, and worth for developing current and upcoming evaluators. When done correctly, wisdom to evaluative thinking, development, and practice happens, and not simply reinforcing and generating the same evaluative voices, constructs, and behaviours of the privileged evaluation patriarchy.
UEval: Bringing Community-Based Experiential Learning to the Evaluation Classroom
Authors: Gokiert Rebecca Jayne , Daniels Jason , Poth Cheryl , Karbabian Ana , Peacock David , Springett Jane , Cor Ken , Williamson Deanna , Wallace Emma , Freeborn Chelsea , Taylor Mischa , Jun Shelly , Brazil Jasmine , Pittman Sheilah , Diamond Andrea , Popescu Christina
Published: March 2021

Abstract: This practice note describes the unique features of, and lessons learned from, UEval, an innovative one-week “evaluation institute” at the Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta. This initiative responds to an identified community and university need to provide contextual and socially relevant evaluation-focused educational opportunities to learners across disciplines and sectors. UEval is guided by principles of participatory and experiential learning and brings together undergraduates, graduates, and community professionals as co-learners for a mutually beneficial and sustainable educational experience. During the week, learners explore and apply evaluation theory through project-based curricula and develop evaluative responses to community-informed issues.
Offering Graduate Evaluation Degrees Online: Comparing Student Engagement in Two Canadian Programs
Authors: McDavid James C. , Shepherd Robert P.
Published: March 2021

Abstract: This practice note describes and explores the experiences and lessons learned as we engaged learners in two online graduate evaluation programs: the University of Victoria’s Graduate Certificate and Diploma in Evaluation Program, offered since fall 2011, and Carleton University’s Graduate Diploma in Public Policy and Program Evaluation (DPPPE), offered online since fall 2016. Both programs are delivered to maximize the geographic accessibility of graduate evaluation education within and outside of Canada. While each program uses different teaching and learning strategies, four lessons are common to the two programs: set and meet (or exceed) clearly stated student expectations, set and then model a respectful and inclusive tone in online discussions, stretch online discussions by taking advantage of student expertise and experience, and use adult-oriented and rigorous teaching and learning methods that engage mature and mid-career learners.
Helping Students Reflect on Their Interpersonal Skills: The Team Performance Scale (TPS)
Authors: Lovato Chris
Published: March 2021

Many instructors of program evaluation incorporate team-based service projects into their courses. What is often overlooked is that it provides a golden opportunity for students to reflect on the interpersonal skills necessary for teamwork. This paper explains how two instructors leveraged service project working groups to include reflection on interpersonal skills. Minor changes were made to the Team Performance Scale (TPS), a tool used for Team-Based Learning in medical education. We found it to be a practical and effective way to engage students in reflecting on behaviours associated with a high functioning team. This article will be of interest to instructors using team learning approaches to teach key competencies in program evaluation.
Literatura afro-brasileira e exclusão:
Authors: Oliveira Natalino da Silva de , Soares Anderson Novais
Published: March 2021

Este artigo foi motivado por uma pesquisa de mestrado, em andamento, em que se investiga o ensino de literatura afro-brasileira no ensino médio. O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar questões relacionadas ao ensino da literatura afro-brasileira em sala de aula e o cumprimento da Lei 10.639/2003. Para isso, apresenta-se, inicialmente, um panorama da situação de escolarização da população negra brasileira e da presença do preconceito racial na sociedade e na literatura. Em seguida, propõe-se estabelecer um conceito de literatura afro-brasileira segundo as concepções de Duarte (2017), Fonseca (2014) e Cuti (2010). Por fim, são demonstradas algumas constatações sobre a efetivação do ensino de literatura afro-brasileira em sala de aula, com base em revisão bibliográfica de artigos acadêmicos. Analisam-se aspectos como a importância da literatura para a formação humana, o modelo eurocentrista predominante na literatura brasileira e nos currículos escolares, a formação deficitária de professores e a invisibilidade de pessoas negras nos livros didáticos.
SOME MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ECOLOGICAL BACKGROUND DURING THE USAGE OF POISON CHEMICALS AGAINST THE PATHOGENESIS OF BUXUS COLCHICA
Authors:   professor, Georgian State TeachingUniversity of Physical Education and Sport,Tbilisi,Georgia, Parulava Giorgi
Published: March 2021

It is proved, that the unique model of Georgian flora, Colchian box-tree (Buxus), is in the phase of ecological catastrophe. The chance of survivalis minimal in the refuges, gorges and mountain slopes. Relict or introductory plants of all Georgian box-tree species should be sprayed with pesticide “Dimelin” and tilled with fungicides. All types of Deltamethryn (Decis) pesticides must be removed from purging scheme, since, according to survey results, abovementioned drug is an ecological threat fot the human health and the fauna complexes.
FUNCTION AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF 3D TECHNOLOGY TO PREPARE BONE REPAIR BIOMATERIALS
Authors: Elcin Huseyn
Published: March 2021

PLGA/HA composite biomaterials are prepared, and 3D printing technology is used to make bone scaffolds that can be implanted in the body. Its performance is tested by in vitro physical and biological methods, and its safety is evaluated by animal experiments. Methods: 3D printing technology was used to print the PLGA/HA composite three-dimensional stent biomaterial, and the tensile strength and bending strength of the stent material were tested with reference to GB/T1040 and GB/T9341 to verify its ability to support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. The biological evaluation standard (GB/T16886) evaluates the biocompatibility and biosafety of scaffoldmaterials in vitro and in vivo. Results: The porous 3D scaffold made of PLGA/HA composite material was successfully fabricated; the mechanical tensile strength and flexuralstrength of the composite material were 38 MPa and 42 MPa respectively, which were5.35 times and 5.25 times that of normal human cartilage; in vitro cell test It is proved that the 3D scaffold can support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC into chondrocytes. The results of the biosafety test show that the scaffold meets the national medical device biological evaluation standards.
ОСОБЕННОСТИХРУСТАЛЕНОСНОСТИУЛЫТАУСКОГОРАЙОНА
Authors:   candidate of technical sciences, associate professor of the Department of physical and economic geography L. N. Gumileva Nur-Sultan,Kazakhstan, Aralbekova M. A. , Kunbassova D.M. ,   master of geography, senior lecturer of the Department of physical and economic geography L. N. Gumileva Nur-Sultan,Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

The Ulytau crystal-bearing region is located in the western part of the Kazakh folded country, distinguished by a significant complexity of the geological structure. The latter is due to the heterogeneity and varying degrees of dislocation of its constituent rocks.In connection with the manifestation of two stages of tectogenesis, two structural stages are distinguished in the folded base of the Ulytau zone.The purpose of this article is to study the features of the crystal content of the region.On the territory of the Ulytau district, 140 vein fields were identified, numbering up to 6,000 quartz veins, of which 1,700 with signs of crystallinity. Of the total number of crystal-bearing veins, 1100 were explored, located within 75 vein fields. Quartz veins, including crystal-bearing ones, are found in almost all rocks, including deposits of the Middle Carboniferous, which determine the upper age limit of the veins in the region.Productive (industrially -crystal-bearing) mineralization is manifested in the contours of the region more locally. Of the 110 identified fields and areas, industrial mineralization is associated with vein formations only 18 objects.
A Natural Antifungal from Cassava Starch Fermentation Wastewater
Authors: Amante E.R.
Published: March 2021

Sour cassava starch production process, during the fermentation step, an acidic wastewater is generated, in this study named wastewater of cassava starch fermentation (WCSF). It has been studied the effect of WCSFs (from three industrial source: WCSF 1, 2 and 3) and patterns of organic acids (lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids, which were the main organic acids present in the WCSFs) singly or together on the development and growing of Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola and Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. WCSFs showed antimicrobial effect on the three fungi studied. WCSF2 inhibited the germination of conidia from the three fungi, while WCSFs 1 and 3 inhibited conidia germination of B. cinerea and C. gloeosporiodes. The acetic, propionic, butyric and the mix acids were also effective in the reduction of conidial germination. In the analysis of mycelia growth, it has been observed that the growing was statically smaller, in relation to negative control, for all fungi in the treatments with the WCSFs and with the pattern solution of butyric acid. Which suggest that the WCSFs compounds and butyric acid are effective inhibitor for fungi and justify future studies using this wastewater.
Challenges of the Vegetable Production and Distribution Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Esfarjani Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

Background: Recently, there are many concerns about the health consequences of COVID-19 as well as the global food supply. For this reason, assessing the impact of pandemic effects on the vegetable chain is critical to set policies to ensure an adequate supply of vegetables. Methods: In this study, major centers of processing and distribution of vegetables in various areas of Tehran have been studied. In the first phase, the status of the hygienic behavior of 192 staff of these centers in the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the second phase, the challenges of these centers were assessed. Data were collected through completing questionnaires, observation, and interviews with staff and statistically analyzed using SPSS. The relationship between independent (demographic characteristics) and dependent (behavior) variables were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: In the first quantitative phase, up to 51% of the respondents had a good hygienic behavior towards various aspects of the preventive measures. The behavioral mean scores were significantly related to educational level (p <0.05). Findings of the qualitative phase revealed that the outbreak of COVID-19, quarantine, and social distance measures to prevent transmission of the COVID-19 virus have not disrupted the vegetable supply chain, but it was observed that vegetable distributors and manufacturers have suffered the most from declining sales and after that, due to price volatility during the epidemic which is mostly due to lock-down. Conclusion: In general, the current economic situation may seriously impair the livelihoods of disadvantaged groups. Although most staff at vegetable centers follow the safety measures of using masks, these results show that this part of the population that is in continuous contact with different persons have not taken COVID-19 disease seriously.
Події Української революції 1917-1921 рр. на теренах Поділля у дослідженнях професора Миколи Кравця
Authors: Зінько Юрій , Кравчук Олександр
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to cover the events of military-political, social, economic life in Podillya during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917 – 1921 and to represent his view on the significance of events, ideas, people and institutions based on the analysis of scientific research, creative heritage of Professor Mykola Kravets. in the process of creating the Ukrainian state. The research methodology is based on the study and critical analysis of scientific and historical-journalistic works of Mykola Kravets. The application of universal research principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and systematics allowed, based on the representation of the regional situation in the Podolsk region, to analyze the main milestones of the process of Ukrainian state formation of this period. The scientific novelty of the study is that the works of Professor Mykola Kravets, who was among the first Ukrainian scholars at the beginning 1990s to study the history of the Ukrainian Revolution, demonstrate the conceptual integrity of understanding the events of the revolution and show that it was based on democratic values and the idea of Ukrainian statehood. It was found that in the first years of Ukraine's independence he managed to accumulate significant, previously inaccessible for study factual material, including materials of local newspapers of 1917 – 1921s, and to prepare a number of studies on military and political events of this historical period in Podolia. Also presenting large-scale military battles in Vinnytsia, the author proves that they are evidence of the struggle of the Ukrainian People's Republic against non-Ukrainian armies and considers the Ukrainian anti-Bolshevik uprisings as a war against a foreign alien conqueror. Mykola Kravets's works are distinguished by balanced historical assessments of the actions of individuals of the revolutionary era, analysis of the causes of the defeat of the Ukrainian revolution and its impact on the future of the Ukrainian people. Conclusions. The creative heritage of Professor Kravets MM provides an understanding of the events of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917 – 1921s, in which the author proceeded from the state approach, sought to demonstrate the ability of people to organize on the ground. development and protection of the Ukrainian state. The Ukrainian revolution was defeated, did not achieve its ultimate goal, but it internally reborn Ukrainian society and became a source of spiritual strength in the further struggle for Ukrainian statehood and independence.
«Русский мир» як політична технологія та інструмент агресії: нова аналітична структура (Якубова Л., Головко В., Примаченко Я. Русский мир на Донбасі та в Криму: історичні витоки, політична технологія, інструмент агресії: (Аналітична доповідь). – Київ, 2018
Authors: Тельвак Віталій , Масненко Віталій
Published: March 2021

The article reviews a collective monograph of the scholars of the Institute of History of Ukraine at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine that comprehensively clarifies the historical origins of the concept of «Russian world», as well as its application as a political technology and tool of aggression. The study is characterized by a thorough and diverse source base. The authors presented a multifaceted analysis of the theory and practice of the «Russian world» concept, which should be the basis for the deconstruction of one of the most destructive ideologies of our time.
«Лояльність вірних народів». Маніфестація національного патріотизму під час візитів цісаря Франца Йосифа до Львова
Authors: Кісь Назар
Published: March 2021

The article focuses on concrete examples  - the visits of Emperor Franz Joseph, and how the city of Lviv presented itself. And how this representation has changed over time - from the neo-absolutism of the 50s of the XIX century to the broad autonomy of the early XXth century. What social groups dominated, how national communities fought for the right to be heard. How they built a symbolic relationship between the emperor and his subjects. The methodological basis of the study comprises the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematics. General scientific and special research methods were used in solving the set tasks: historiographical analysis, generalization, quantitative, chronological, retrospective. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the state of study of the issue in modern historiography and comparison of existing data with the available evidence of the time. Conclusions. For almost 70 years, from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century, Galicia as part of the Habsburg Empire went from brutal rule from Vienna to broad autonomy. At the same time, the nature of relations between the main national groups (Poles, Jews and Ukrainians) changed. These groups, using the opportunities provided by the constitution, developed and represented themselves to the authorities, delineated symbolic boundaries, interacted with each other. They also mobilized their members for certain mass events, such as the emperor's visits or other national demonstrations. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the ritual of emperor’s visits to the province had already been practiced, as had the symbolic roles of the emperor. He was a philanthropist, military leader, judge, “father” etc. Galicia and Lviv (as the capital city of the province) in the beginning were simply recipients of these rituals and symbols. However, over time, local elites began to form their own programs, emphasize their own symbols, that is, actively involved in this process. And this activity is important for understanding the history of the region at that time. Especially when you consider that imperial rituals have become a model on which local elites built some national traditions of mass politics. The traditions of demonstrations, festive illumination, construction of triumphal arches, military orchestras and much more were borrowed from the imperial ritual and adapted by local elites to their needs. If we understand how it worked at the level "faithful subjects greet a just monarch", we can look differently at the mass politics of the early twentieth century, when the streets of Lviv became a stage for the political drama of modern times.
Участь єврейської молоді у фабрично-заводському учнівстві в СРСР наприкінці 1920-х – на початку 1930-х рр.
Authors: Перга Тетяна
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to examine the policy of the USSR to attract Jewish youth in the schools of factory apprenticeship (FZU) during the first five-year plan (1928 - 1932), its causes and consequences. The research methodology is based on the analysis of little-known and unknown archival sources of the Komzet organization. Scientific novelty of the work is that this problem has not been studied in Ukrainian Judaism despite wide attention that had been paid to the investigation of Jews education. Conclusions. The author concluded that FZU in the USSR was tasked with both economic and political tasks, as they were obliged to educate not only masters and representatives of junior technical staff, but also conscious, literate, technically qualified workers. Accordingly, the number of FZU and students who studied there grew from year to year in the USSR and Ukrainian SSR. The fastest speed of growing demonstrated FZU established in the heavy industry and transport. The process of recruiting Jewish youths to FZU has been somewhat chaotic due to objective and subjective reasons, including high plans to recruit those wishing to study in apprenticeship schools, imposing students on enterprises despite their financial unwillingness to accept them, negligence of some Ukrkomzet employees and representatives of enterprises. As a result, the Soviet government's plans to involve Jewish adolescents to the education in the apprenticeship schools were not always fulfilled. A number of problems were encountered by some teenagers during their trips to these schools and training there, including the non-payment of secondment costs, non-provision of food cards, heavy physical labor, inability to live in other climatic zones for health reasons. It has been proven that technical and vocational education, including FZU schools, has not been very popular among Jewish youth, but in order to find a place in the Soviet society, to find employment and to have certain prospects, many adolescents have finished education, although their number has significantly decreased in the second half of the 1930s.
The formation and functioning of public service in pre-revolutionary Russia
Authors: Avilov V. M. , Sochnev V. V. , Aliev A. A. , Luchkin A. G. , Barkova N. V.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the legal framework for the formation and functioning of public services in Russia at the end of the XVIII century, official duties, penalties, as well as their legal and social protection.
Pages of the history of formation higher veterinary education in Russia
Authors: Avilov V. M. , Sochnev V. V. , Barkova N. V.
Published: March 2021

As an independent specialty, veterinary medicine was finally formed in Russia during the organization and implementation of the state policy and program of higher professional (veterinary) education in the country. The prerequisites for this were the social demands of society and the needs of the state, dictated by the economic, environmental, social and historical motives of an agrarian country of an entire continent.
Retinopatía del prematuro: resultados de un programa de prevención, detección y tratamiento.
Authors: Fonseca Rosanna , Esteche Alexis , Contreras Verónica , Margonari Natalia , Vera Laura , Gonzalez Emilio , Brítez Sebastián , Sosa Rolando , Gini Leticia , Martínez Marcelo , Borja Myrian , González Gustavo , Avalos Domingo , Eckert Linette , González Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La  Retinopatía del Prematuro (ROP) es una de las principales causas de ceguera prevenibles en la infancia.  La Fundación Visión implementa; el Programa de Prevención, Detección y Tratamiento en el año 2015.

Objetivos: Describir los resultados de implementación y los resultados alcanzados por un programa de ROP en su accesibilidad, efectividad y calidad de  atención.

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, ambispectivo, de casos consecutivos de recién nacidos prematuros con criterios de evaluación; de una población evaluada en el año 2009 y del 2015 al 2019.

Resultados: Las unidades neonatales incluidas aumentaron de 3 a 7; cubriendo Asunción, área Central, Caaguazú y Alto Paraná. De los registros se constato que la cobertura aumento de 36% en el año 2009 a 97% en el 2019. Desde que se instaló el programa; en el primer año la proporción del número de evaluaciones aumento entre el 28 y el 218%; y los resultados globales de julio 2015 a diciembre 2019 fueron: número totales de pacientes con criterio: 2397 pacientes; número totales de pacientes evaluados: 2080 (86,8%), número de pacientes con ROP: 416/2080 pacientes (20%), número de pacientes con ROP que requirieron tratamiento: 76/416 pacientes (18,2%), proporción global de ROP grave con tratamiento: 76/2080 pacientes (3,4%).

Conclusiones: El programa  atravez de un equipo multidisplinario y la inovación con telemedicina logró aumentar la proporcion de cobertura y la disminución de los casos graves que requirieron tratamiento.

Conflictos de interés: Los autores declaran no presentar conflicto de interés.

Recibido: 03/01/2021 Aceptado:16/02/2021
Presencia de aflatoxina M1 en fórmulas lácteas infantiles comercializadas en el área metropolitana a Asunción, Paraguay.
Authors: Arrúa Andrea Alejandra , Arrua Pablo David , Ulke María Gabriela , Quezada Viay Martha Yolanda , Moreno Lara Josefina , Moura Mendes Juliana , Cazal Cinthia , Ferreira Francisco , Kohli Man Mohan , López Nicora Horacio , Fernández Rios Danilo
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) es un metabolito tóxico derivado de la aflatoxina B. Su ingestión en lactantes se ha relacionado con retraso en el crecimiento, aumento de susceptibilidad a enfermedades infecciosas, reducción de la eficiencia en la inmunización y cirrosis. En Paraguay se recomienda lactancia exclusiva hasta los 6 meses, sin embargo se comercializan diferentes marcas de fórmulas infantiles dirigidas a lactantes menores de 6 meses. Objetivo: Detectar y cuantificar la presencia de AFM1 en fórmulas para lactantes comercializadas en el Área Metropolitana.
Materiales y Métodos: Se adquirieron fórmulas fluidas (n=18) y en polvo (n=91) para lactantes de 0 a 12 meses de farmacias y supermercados del Área Metropolitana de Asunción y fueron analizados mediante el ensayo de inmunoafinidad ligado a enzimas (ELISA).
Resultados: 9,75% (0 a 6 meses) y 2% (6 a 12 meses) de las fórmulas lácteas en polvo y 100% de las fórmulas fluidas resultaron positivas para AFM1. La mediana de contenido de AFM1 en formulas en polvo fue de 1820 ng/kg y 510 ng/kg en las marcas A y B. En las fórmulas líquidas fue de 31,8 ng/kg y 33,6 ng/kg para las dos marcas analizadas respectivamente, p=0,0001.
Conclusiones: Se detectó AFM1 en todas las fórmulas líquidas analizadas, y en el 2 y 9,7% de las fórmulas en polvo de las marcas Ay B respectivamente Los niveles de AFM1 fueron mayores en las fórmulas en polvo.
Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés
Recibido: 16/11/2020 Aceptado: 12/02/2021