bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐trigged micro/nanorobots for biomedical applications
Authors: Huang Danqing , Cai Lijun , Li Ning , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: April 2023

Micro‐ and nanorobots (MNRs) propelled by external actuations have broad potential in biomedical applications. Among the numerous external excitations, ultrasound (US) features outstanding practical significance with merits of its noninvasiveness, tunability, penetrability, and biocompatibility. Attributing to various physiochemical effects of US, it can propel the MNRs with sophisticated structures through asymmetric acoustic streaming, bubble oscillation, and so on. In this review, we introduce several advanced and representative US‐propelled MNRs with inhomogeneous density distribution, asymmetric shape, hollow cavity, etc. The potential biomedical applications of these cutting‐edge MNRs are also presented, including intracellular delivery, harmful substances collection, and so on. Furthermore, we conclude the advantages and limitations of US‐propelled MNRs and prospect their future developments in multidisciplinary fields.
VulGraB: Graph‐embedding‐based code vulnerability detection with bi‐directional gated graph neural network
Authors: Wang Sixuan , Huang Chen , Yu Dongjin , Chen Xin
Published: April 2023

Code vulnerabilities can have serious consequences such as system attacks and data leakage, making it crucial to perform code vulnerability detection during the software development phase. Deep learning is an emerging approach for vulnerability detection tasks. Existing deep learning‐based code vulnerability detection methods are usually based on word2vec embedding of linear sequences of source code, followed by code vulnerability detection through RNNs network. However, such methods can only capture the superficial structural or syntactic information of the source code text, which is not suitable for modeling the complex control flow and data flow and miss edge information in the graph structure constructed by the source code, with limited effect of neural network model. To solve the above problems, this article proposes a code vulnerability detection method, named VulGraB, which is based on graph embedding and bidirectional gated graph neural networks. VulGraB uses node2vec to convert the program‐dependent graphs into graph embeddings of the code, which contain rich structure information of the source code, improving the ability of features to express nonlinear information to a certain extent. Then the BiGGNN is used for training, and finally the accuracy of the detection results is evaluated using target program. The bi‐directional gated neural network utilizes a bi‐directional recurrent structure, which is beneficial to global information aggregation. The experimental results show that the accuracy of VulGraB is significantly improved over the baseline models on two datasets, with F1 scores of 85.89% and 97.24% being the highest, demonstrating that VulGraB consistently outperforms other effective vulnerability detection models.
Penile prosthesis no longer intervention of last resort for erectile dysfunction?
Authors: Kovacic James , Dhar Ankur , Shepherd Andrew , Popa Ioana , Chung Amanda
Published: April 2023

Erectile dysfunction is more common than realised and can be the first indication of systemic disease. Penile prosthesis is a low‐risk intervention with high patient satisfaction, previously deemed an endstage form of management. However, improvements in the devices and a recent American Association of Urology recommendation could change that.
A retrospective evaluation of mushroom ingestions in 421 dogs in Norway (2011–2022)
Authors: Seljetun Kristin Opdal , Kragstad Heidi Runne
Published: April 2023

Background

Mushroom poisoning may result in a variety of signs ranging from mild, mostly gastroenteritis, to organ failure and death. To increase the knowledge of prevalence, treatment and outcome in dogs, information regarding mushroom ingestion was collected.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study analysed all inquiries of mushroom ingestion in dogs to the Norwegian Poison Information Center from 2011 to 2022. Mushrooms were identified by a mycologist or Norwegian‐certified mushroom expert. Differences in mushroom species, clinical findings, treatments and outcome were evaluated.

Results

A total of 421 mushroom ingestions in dogs were included. The mushrooms were identified as non‐poisonous in 45% of cases. The most frequently involved toxin group was gastrointestinal mushrooms, followed by muscarinic mushrooms and mushrooms containing isoxazoles. About 64% of cases were managed at home, 33% were hospitalised and received treatment, and 3% were observed by a veterinarian without treatment. The survival rate was 98.6%, with death occurring after ingestion of Amanita muscaria, Cortinarius rubellus, Amanita virosa, Clitocybe rivulosa and Inocybe sp.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the importance of rapid and accurate identification of the mushroom. This could prevent delays in therapeutic intervention and avoid unnecessary treatment of these dogs. With early, correct identification of mushrooms, our results demonstrated a good prognosis for dogs after ingestion.
Yanyuwa Law
Authors: Kearney Amanda , Bradley John , Dodd Vincent , Norman a-Marrngawi Dinah , Timothy a-Muluwamara Mavis , Dimanyurru Graham Friday , a-Karrakayny Annie
Published: April 2023

This chapter provides the contextual background for a case study of Yanyuwa Law and how this Law relates to the ownership of Country. Indigenous Law is explored through knowledge and practice that structures rights to and control over lands and waters, ecological understandings and processes, relationships between human and non-human kin, political structures and decision-making. Law is presented in this chapter not as liminal but as wholly attached to Indigenous peoples’ lands and waters. Too often popular notions of Indigenous Law reduce it to ‘folklore’, mysticism, fables and legends. Through an ethnographically rich account of Law, land/sea rights and succession in one remote Aboriginal communal context, this chapter invites the reader into a close encounter with Indigenous Law.
Palestinian National Protection Strategies and Realities
Authors: Spitka Timea
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines Palestinian national protection principles, practices and perceptions under the umbrella of Palestinian Authority (PA), Hamas and mixed Israeli/Palestinian Authority, highlighting the current practices and the gaps in the protection of civilians. Palestinian protection principles and practices are significantly different within the areas of West Bank and Gaza. Unpacking Palestinian security strategies and practices, this chapter examines the prioritization and effectiveness of national and group protection. The chapter outlines PPP of security based on documentation, surveys and interviews with national and international protectors.
Are Artists Phenomenologists? Perspectives from Edith Landmann-Kalischer and Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Matherne Samantha
Published: April 2023

In order to explore the question of whether artists are phenomenologists, I consider the negative and affirmative answers defended by Edith Landmann-Kalischer and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, respectively. Through this comparison, I bring to light reasons why phenomenologists take themselves to share a subject-matter with artists, viz., lived experience. However, with this comparison I also highlight the ways in which the answer to this question turns on how we conceive of what phenomenologists do. If one endorses a more scientific conception of phenomenology, as Landmann-Kalischer does, then it seems that the phenomenologist does something fundamentally different from the artist. But if one endorses a more aesthetic conception of phenomenology, as Merleau-Ponty does, then the phenomenologist’s efforts appear to be of a piece with those of the artist. In the end, I will not defend one position over the other; rather, my aim is to show that in order to answer the question, are artists phenomenologists, we must also answer the question, how should a phenomenologist be.
Reconstructing Past Experience Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Goodwin Graham , Lercari Nicola
Published: April 2023

In this paper we review digital technologies that can be used to study what the experiences of past peoples might have been. We focus on the use of immersive virtual reality (VR) systems to frame hypotheses about the visual and auditory experiences of past individuals, based on available archeological evidence. These reconstructions of past places and landscapes are often focused on visual data. We argue that we should move beyond this ocularcentric focus by integrating sound and other modalities into VR. However, even those that emphasize sound in archaeology—as in archaeoacoustics (Scarre & Lawson, 2006; Diaz-Andreu & Mattioli, 2015; Suárez et al., 2016)—often retain a unimodal emphasis that limits how much we can understand of past peoples’ sensory experience. We argue that it is important to emphasize the importance of seeing and hearing at the same time (i.e. multi-modal sensory integration) in phenomenological archaeology. This is possible using immersive virtual reality systems that can engage users with both sight and sound simultaneously.
Constitution Through Noema and Horizon: Husserl’s Theory of Intentionality
Authors: Smith David Woodruff
Published: April 2023

Husserlian phenomenology develops around Husserl’s theory of the complex structure of intentionality, featuring key notions of noesis, noema, horizon, and the constitution of objects of consciousness. By virtue of the structures of noema and horizon found in our experience, things in the world around us are said to be “constituted” in consciousness (along with self and other). The present essay explores intentionality and constitution as modeled in lines of interpretation that extend classical Husserlian phenomenology. The resulting “semantic” approach to intentionality draws on the ontology of consciousness, meaning, and horizon, unfolding a “constitutive” realism whereby our consciousness takes its place in the world beyond our consciousness, yet we experience things in the world around us by virtue of noema and horizon. The “logical” and the “transcendental” aspects of phenomenal intentionality appear in due course, within a formal model of intentionality, a model taking shape within a meta-phenomenological and meta-metaphysical framework.
The Problem of the Unity of a Manifold in the Development of Husserl’s Philosophy
Authors: Hopkins Burt C.
Published: April 2023

Husserl’s most systematic phenomenological work, Ideas for a Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy. First Book: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology (Ideas I) (Husserl, 2014), differentiates pure transcendental phenomenology, as an eidetic science, from the eidetic science of mathematics. In line with the tradition of transcendental philosophy arguably—ante rem—stretching back to Plato, Husserl contrasts transcendental phenomenology with mathematics and argues that its conceptuality cannot be appropriately articulated and conceived in analogy with mathematics. While both mathematics and transcendental phenomenology are eidetic sciences, phenomenology “belongs to a basic class of eidetic sciences … [that is] totally different from that to which the mathematical sciences belong” (Husserl, 2014, 136). The key differential between these two sciences on Husserl’s view concerns the nature of the essences that are the subject matter of each discipline. Mathematics deals with exact essences, which he characterizes as ideas in the Kantian sense. Phenomenology deals with inexact essences, which Husserl characterizes as morphological.
The Landscape of Merleau-Pontyan Thought
Authors: Muller Robin M.
Published: April 2023

Merleau-Ponty wrote prolifically throughout his life on psychology, aesthetics, and politics, on pedagogy, physics, and painting. Between his appointment to the Université de Lyon in 1945 and his sudden death in Paris in 1961—a copy of Descartes’Dioptriqueon the desk in front of him—the survey of courses he taught is dizzying in scope. For all its promise, however, the interdisciplinary nature of Merleau-Ponty’s work, and the abruptness of its end, raises the question of how these projects connect. The question is encouraged by Merleau-Ponty’s own notes, which indicate that the book he was working on at the time of his death was meant to return to problems left “insoluble” inPhenomenology of Perception(VI 200). Did he hope this work would supersede thePhenomenology? to correct for its false start? to press on in the same direction?
Pen-administered low-dose dasiglucagon vs usual care for prevention and treatment of non-severe hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes during free-living conditions: a Phase II, randomised, open-label, two-period crossover trial
Authors: Laugesen Christian , Ranjan Ajenthen G. , Schmidt Signe , Nørgaard Kirsten
Published: April 2023

Aims/hypothesis

Consumption of excess carbohydrates to manage hypoglycaemia can lead to rebound hyperglycaemia and promote weight gain. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of pen-administered low-dose dasiglucagon for prevention and treatment of non-severe hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes during free-living conditions.

Methods

Twenty-four adults with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes (HbA1c ≤70 mmol/mol [8.5%]) completed a randomised, open-label, two-period crossover study with 2 week periods. During the usual care and dasiglucagon intervention (DASI) periods, participants managed impending and manifested episodes of hypoglycaemia with regular carbohydrate consumption or pen-administered low-dose (80 μg) s.c. dasiglucagon, respectively. Glycaemic control was evaluated using continuous glucose monitoring (Dexcom G6) and event registration of prevention and treatment episodes.

Results

Compared with usual care, the mean difference (95% CI) in the DASI period for time in (3.9–10.0 mmol/l) and below (<3.9 mmol/l) range was 2.4 %-points (−0.7, 5.5) and −0.5 %-points (−1.2, 0.2), respectively. In the DASI period, recovery rate (time from hypoglycaemia treatment to euglycaemia) was 44% (11, 87) faster while total daily carbohydrate intake was reduced by 11% (−18, −3). Dasiglucagon use was safe and well tolerated with mild nausea being the most frequent adverse effect. Among the participants, 96% (p<0.0001) were likely to include dasiglucagon in their future routine management of hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions/interpretation

Use of low-dose dasiglucagon to prevent and treat non-severe hypoglycaemia during free-living conditions was safe, fast and efficacious while significantly reducing the total daily carbohydrate intake and yielding high treatment satisfaction.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04764968

Funding

The study was an investigator-initiated trial. Zealand Pharma supplied the investigational drug and device and provided financial support for the conduct of the trial.

Graphical abstract
Symptoms and levels of ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Disorder in a representative community sample of UK adults
Authors: Shevlin Mark , Redican Enya , Hyland Philip , Murphy Jamie , Karatzias Thanos , McBride Orla , Bennett Kate , Butter Sarah , Hartman Todd K. , Vallières Frédérique , Bentall Richard P.
Published: April 2023

Background

Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is a new disorder included in ICD-11 (WHO, 2018). There is a growing body of literature surrounding the prevalence and correlates of ICD-11 PGD symptoms as assessed using various measures. This study was the first to assess levels of ICD-11 PGD symptoms as measured by the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS), a self-report scale directly aligned with the ICD-11 definition of PGD, among the United Kingdom adult general population, and identify correlates.

Method

Participants included 2025 adults who participated in Wave 5 of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC-UK). Prevalence rates of PGD were estimated based on two commonly used algorithms defined as ‘strict’ and ‘moderate’. Sociodemographic, loss-related, and mental health correlates (i.e., anxiety, depression, mental health treatment seeking, loneliness) of strict and moderate PGD were then examined using multinomial logistic regressions.

Results

It was found that 2.4% (n = 43) of participants met probable caseness for PGD using the strict criteria while 7.9% (n = 140) met probable caseness for PGD using the moderate criteria. Multinomial logistic regression analysis results showed, as predicted, that income, time since bereavement, death of a child, religiosity, and depression were associated with both moderate and strict PGD. Correlates of moderate PGD included country of residence, urbanicity, younger age of bereaved, and loneliness.

Conclusions

This study highlights that some symptoms of PGD are commonly reported in the general population, although relatively few meet the criteria for clinical significance. The routine assessment for PGD following a bereavement is discussed and the development of appropriate interventions are recommended.
Increased Use and Large Variation in Strong Opioids and Metamizole (Dipyrone) for Minor and Major Musculoskeletal Injuries Between 2008 and 2018: An Analysis of a Representative Sample of Swiss Workers
Authors: Müller Dominic , Scholz Stefan M. , Thalmann Nicolas Fabrice , Trippolini Maurizio Alen , Wertli Maria M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are a major contributing factor for chronic pain. To date, little is known how pain medication use in MSK injuries has changed over time. We assessed pain medication prescription for MSK injuries in a representative sample of Swiss workers between 2008 and 2018.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva) data. We calculated annual pain medication use, treatment days, and costs associated with pain medication use in minor and major MSK injuries.

Results

In total, 1,921,382 cases with MSK injuries with ≥ 1 pain medication were analyzed. Whereas MSK injuries with ≥ 1 pain medication increased by 9.4%, we observed a larger increase in metamizole (+ 254%), strong opioids (+ 88.4%), coxibs (+ 85.8%), and paracetamol (+ 28.1%). Strong opioids were increasingly used in minor (+ 91.4%) and major (+ 88.3%) injuries. The increase in metamizole (+ 390.6%) and coxibs (+ 115.5%) was larger in minor injuries compared to major injuries (+ 238.7% and + 80.6%, respectively). Medical expenses decreased in all medications except for strong opioids where a substantial increase was observed (+ 192.4% in minor; + 34% in major injuries).

Conclusions

We observed a disproportionate increase in metamizole, strong opioids, coxibs, and paracetamol prescriptions even in minor MSK injuries between 2008 and 2018. Whereas treatment costs decreased for all pain medications, there was a substantial increase in strong opioids. A more liberal prescription practice of opioids conflict with current evidence-based practice recommendations and need to be addressed by physicians and policy makers.
Das Recht auf Teilhabe thematisieren
Authors: Aghamiri Kathrin , van Rießen Anne
Published: April 2023

Rechte von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Kontext der stationären öffentlichen Jugendhilfe werden immer wieder missachtet. So werden im Spannungsfeld von Hilfe und Kontrolle Wohngruppen aus der Perspektive der dort lebenden jungen Menschen zu „Räumen der Besonderung“. Die Forschungsperspektive der Sozialpädagogischen Nutzer_innenforschung bietet eine Möglichkeit, das Recht der Kinder und Jugendlichen auf einen eigensinnigen Standpunkt zu realisieren.
„Rechtsstatus Leaving Care“ etablieren und verwirklichen
Authors: Thomas Severine , Schröer Wolfgang , Koch Josef , Möller Tabea
Published: April 2023

Inklusion in einer rechtebasierten Perspektive bedeutet für die Kinder- und Jugendpolitik, Diskriminierung und sozialer Benachteiligung von jungen Menschen entgegenzutreten und die Rechte der jungen Menschen sowie deren Verwirklichung zu stärken. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird hier argumentiert, dass für alle jungen Menschen, die für eine Zeit in stationären Hilfen zur Erziehung – z. B. Wohngruppen oder Vollzeitpflege – aufgewachsen sind, im Kontext der Kinder- und Jugendgrundsicherung und dem SGB VIII ein „Rechtstatus Leaving Care“ etabliert werden sollte, damit sie im jungen Erwachsenenalter – also bis zum 27. Geburtstag – gleichberechtigt und diskriminierungsfreier ihren Alltag gestalten und soziale Teilhabe erfahren können.
A Framework on Fast Mapping of Urban Flood Based on a Multi-Objective Random Forest Model
Authors: Liao Yaoxing , Wang Zhaoli , Lai Chengguang , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: April 2023

Fast and accurate prediction of urban flood is of considerable practical importance to mitigate the effects of frequent flood disasters in advance. To improve urban flood prediction efficiency and accuracy, we proposed a framework for fast mapping of urban flood: a coupled model based on physical mechanisms was first constructed, a rainfall-inundation database was generated, and a hybrid flood mapping model was finally proposed using the multi-objective random forest (MORF) method. The results show that the coupled model had good reliability in modelling urban flood, and 48 rainfall-inundation scenarios were then specified. The proposed hybrid MORF model in the framework also demonstrated good performance in predicting inundated depth under the observed and scenario rainfall events. The spatial inundated depths predicted by the MORF model were close to those of the coupled model, with differences typically less than 0.1 m and an average correlation coefficient reaching 0.951. The MORF model, however, achieved a computational speed of 200 times faster than the coupled model. The overall prediction performance of the MORF model was also better than that of the k-nearest neighbor model. Our research provides a novel approach to rapid urban flood mapping and flood early warning.
Perspectives on Compound Flooding in Chinese Estuary Regions
Authors: Xu Hanqing , Ragno Elisa , Tan Jinkai , Antonini Alessandro , Bricker Jeremy D. , Jonkman Sebastiaan N. , Liu Qing , Wang Jun
Published: April 2023

Extreme surges and rainfall represent major driving factors for compound flooding in estuary regions along the Chinese coast. The combined effect of extreme surges and rainfall (that is, compound floods) might lead to greater impacts than if the drivers occurred in isolation. Hence, understanding the frequency and severity of compound flooding is important for improving flood hazard assessment and compound flood resilience in coastal cities. In this study, we examined the dependence between extreme surges and corresponding rainfall events in 26 catchments along the Chinese coastline during typhoon and non-typhoon seasons using copula functions, to identify where the two drivers more often occur together and the implication for flood management in these locations. We found that the interaction between flood drivers is statistically significant in 10 catchments located around Hainan Island (south) and Shanghai, where surge peaks occur mainly during the typhoon season and around the Bohai Sea (north), where surge peaks occur mainly during the non-typhoon season. We further applied the copula-based framework to model the dependence between surge peaks and associated rainfall and estimate their joint and conditional probability in two specific locations—Hainan Island and the Bohai Sea, where the correlation between flood drivers is statistically significant. We observed that in Hainan Island where most of the surge peaks occur during the typhoon season, extreme rainfall events during the typhoon season are generally more intense compared to annual maxima rainfall. In contrast, around the Bohai Sea where surge peaks occur mainly outside the typhoon season, rainfall is less intense than annual maxima rainfall. These results show that the interaction between extreme surges and rainfall can provide valuable insight when designing coastal and urban infrastructure, especially in highly populated urban areas prone to both coastal and pluvial flooding, such as many Chinese coastal cities.
Global Justice Index Report 2022
Authors: Gu Yanfeng , Guo Sujian , Qin Xuan , Qu Wen , Wang Zhongyuan , Zhang Tiantian
Published: April 2023

The Global Justice Index is a multiyear research project based at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences that assesses the contributions made by each country to achieving greater global justice. We have published results from 2010 to 2019 in Global Justice Index Report, Global Justice Index Report 2020, Global Justice Index Report 2021, and we are now presenting our fourth-year results for 2020 in Global Justice Index Report 2022, which is an updated version of previous years’ reports. This year, we take into account changes to global justice influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The report consists of four sections: introduction, findings, main results, and conclusion. In the introduction, we discuss the development of the conceptual framework and evaluative principles to justify our selection of the dimensions and indicators for measurement. Next, in the findings section, we report the data, indicators, and our results for each country for each of the 10 issues we identify, and provide regional comparisons for Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and Oceania. In the following section, we present the main results for the global justice indices, and report the ranking of each country’s contribution to achieving greater global justice. In the final section, we discuss the applications and limitations of the index and potential further research trajectories.
Energy-Based Optimal Placement of Piezoelectric Actuator on Smart Thin Plate
Authors: Salem Mohamed A. M. , Kassem Mohammed , Amin Mostafa S. , Farag Hassan M. , Osman Ashraf
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To establish a smart thin plate in which structural health monitoring (SHM) and active vibration control purposes are integrated, the locations of attached piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) actuators as well as their applied normalized voltage are investigated.

Method

Normal strains of such coupled electro-mechanical systems are defined using Kirchoff's classical laminate plate theory (CLPT), and then, by Ritz solution, these normal strains are converted to spatially dependent functions that are employed to define virtual work for the actuators as a function of location and applied voltage. Finally, genetic algorithm (GA)-based iterative optimization is carried out to locate the actuators as well as determine the normalized applied voltage for each of them in the desired modes.

Results

Three plates with different boundary conditions are studied for optimal placement of PZT actuator/s . The PZT actuator/s are optimally placed where the maximum amount of exerted virtual work is reached to fulfil the perfect excitation needed by SHM and provide the highest damping energy for undesired vibration at designated modes. The results show that the optimum location of PZT actuator/s lies where the maximum sum of normal strains is.

Conclusion

The proposed process is valid for any mixed boundary conditions on a thin plate with any number of square actuators with a minimum computational effort, where both location of the actuator/s and applied voltage can be manipulated via GA to achieve the maximum exerted work done by PZT actuator/s at each desired natural mode.
Systematic physicochemical characterization, carbon balance and cost of production analyses of activated carbons derived from (Co)-HTC of coal discards and sewage sludge for hydrogen storage applications
Authors: Kahilu Gentil Mwengula , Bada Samson , Mulopo Jean
Published: April 2023

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technologies for producing value-added carbonaceous material (hydrochar) from coal waste and sewage sludge (SS) waste might be a long-term recycling strategy for hydrogen storage applications, cutting disposal costs and solving waste disposal difficulties. In this study, hydrochars (HC) with high carbon content were produced using a combination of optimal HTC (HTC and Co-HTC) and chemical activation of coal tailings (CT), coal slurry (CS), and a mixture of coal discard and sewage sludge (CB). At 850 °C and 800 °C, respectively, with a KOH/HC ratio of 4:1 and a residence time of 135 min, activated carbons (ACs) with the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface (SBET) of 2299.25 m2g− 1 and 2243.57 m2g− 1 were obtained. The hydrogen adsorption capability of the produced ACs was further studied using gas adsorption isotherms at 77 K. At 35 bars, the values of hydrogen adsorbed onto AC-HCT (AC obtained from HTC  of CT), AC-HCS (AC obtained from HTC of CS), and AC-HCB (AC obtained from HTC of the blending of coal discard (CD) and SS) were approximately 6.12%, 6.8%, and 6.57% in weight, respectively. Furthermore, the cost of producing synthetic ACs for hydrogen storage is equivalent to the cost of commercial carbons. Furthermore, the high proportion of carbon retained (>70%) in ACs synthesized by HTC from CD and SS precursors should restrict their potential carbon emissions.
Delays of construction projects in Makkah from the point of view of the consultant
Authors: Abdulghafour Abdulrazak Badawi , Salman Kehlan
Published: April 2023

The study investigates the causes of delays in construction projects in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. The objective is to determine the most significant factors from the consultant designer and supervisor’s perspectives. This study is part of a series designed to explore the causes of delays from the perspective of different stakeholders in the construction industry. A comprehensive survey of 69 questions has explored various possible delay factors. All factors are grouped into eight categories based on their relevance and orientation. The factors were recorded and ranked by their relative importance index concerning their impact and frequency. The top three factors in their impacts are found to be (1) difficulties in financing the project, (2) poor management of the site and lack of distribution of tasks (3) low productivity of labor. The first two are delay factors related to the contractor group, and the third is related to the labor group. The highest in frequency relative importance index is (1) delays related to sub-contractor’s work, (2) lack of experience of the owner in the approval of the supervision team and (3) inadequate estimate of task duration and scheduling, inadequate training, and adopting new techniques. In the overall average of the impact index of all groups, the highest was the delays due to the contractor group, followed by delays due to the designer group, and finally, delays related to the labor group. The overall average of the frequency index of the whole group seems relatively low. The study’s novelty lies in the large number of delay factors that have been investigated, by collecting and analyzing actual data, focusing separately on the opinions of all stakeholders, and then comparing them to find objective results related to delays in construction projects in the Makkah region.
Data collection and analysis applied to intelligent transportation systems: a case study on public transportation
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriel Gomes , Iano Yuzo , Vaz Gabriel Caumo , Suriyan Kannadhasan
Published: April 2023

The big data concept has been gaining strength over the last few years. With the arise and dissemination of social media and high access easiness to information through applications, there is a necessity for all kinds of service providers to collect and analyze data, improving the quality of their services and products. In this regard, the relevance and coverage of this niche of study are notorious. It is not a coincidence that governments, supported by companies and startups, are investing in platforms to collect and analyze data, aiming at the better efficiency of the services provided to the citizens. Considering the aforementioned aspects, this work makes contextualization of the Big Data and ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) concepts by gathering recently published articles, from 2017 to 2021, considering a survey and case studies to demonstrate the importance of those themes in current days. Within the scope of big data applied to ITS, this study proposes a database for public transportation in the city of Campinas (Brazil), enabling its improvement according to the population demands. Finally, this study tries to present clearly and objectively the methodology employed with the maximum number of characteristics, applying statistical analyses (box-and-whisker diagrams and Pearson correlation), highlighting the limitations, and expanding the studied concepts to describe the application of an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), a branch of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), in a real situation. Therefore, besides the survey of the applied concepts, this work develops a specific case study, highlighting the identified deficiencies and proposing solutions. Future works are also contemplated to expand this study and improve the accuracy of the achieved results.
Puerto Rico’s Attempts to Address a Public Health Crisis Struck Down by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
Authors: Kim Minji
Published: April 2023

This RCD discusses a recent decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit that struck down Puerto Rico’s Act 90-2019, which aimed to regulate pay structures for Medicare Advantage insurers in Puerto Rico. The court found that the provision in Act 90, known as the “Mandated Price Provision,” is preempted by federal law. However, the author argues that the court’s decision did not adequately consider the congressional intent of the Medicare Advantage Act in weighing the public health crisis in Puerto Rico. The RCD provides background on the Medicare Advantage program and Act 90 and explains how Act 90 aimed to eliminate insurers’ practice of paying providers at rates below the CMS’s minimum reimbursement rates under the traditional Medicare program. The article concludes that the court’s decision inadequately considered the larger purpose of the Medicare Advantage Act and the relevant public health crisis in Puerto Rico.
Preventive Care: Improving Health of Medicare, Medicaid, and Children’s Health Insurance Program Patients Through Access to Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Authors: McClain Weston
Published: April 2023

Diet is the number one risk factor for deaths in the United States. Members of marginalized and impoverished communities particularly struggle to afford nutritious food. Poor diets result in health disparities along socio-economic, age, racial, ethnic, indigenous, rural, and urban lines. Despite the ever-growing social and financial burden of diet-related chronic diseases, the U.S. has failed to invest in health care-related dietary policy. This Article proposes produce prescriptions as a national dietary preventive medicine program through Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

Recently, nonprofits, governments, and health care providers have designed innovative produce prescription programs to combat diet-related chronic diseases. In these programs, clinical providers can prescribe subsidized fruit and vegetables to patients. Produce prescriptions empower patients by making dietary change affordable and by motivating patients to improve their health. Numerous studies, pilot projects, and local programs demonstrate that produce prescriptions can improve health care outcomes for individuals from diverse communities. Most at-risk members of our society receive health coverage through Medicare, Medicaid, or CHIP. This Article analyzes how to scale up produce prescriptions within these programs using law and policy.
Premium control with reinforcement learning
Authors: Palmborg Lina , Lindskog Filip
Published: April 2023

We consider a premium control problem in discrete time, formulated in terms of a Markov decision process. In a simplified setting, the optimal premium rule can be derived with dynamic programming methods. However, these classical methods are not feasible in a more realistic setting due to the dimension of the state space and lack of explicit expressions for transition probabilities. We explore reinforcement learning techniques, using function approximation, to solve the premium control problem for realistic stochastic models. We illustrate the appropriateness of the approximate optimal premium rule compared with the true optimal premium rule in a simplified setting and further demonstrate that the approximate optimal premium rule outperforms benchmark rules in more realistic settings where classical approaches fail.
Whose Hermeneutical Marginalization?
Authors: Clanchy Nick
Published: April 2023

According to Miranda Fricker, being hindered from rendering something significant about oneself intelligible to someone constitutes a hermeneutical injustice only if it results from the hermeneutical marginalization of some group to which one belongs. A major problem for Fricker's picture is that it cannot properly account for the paradigm case of hermeneutical injustice Fricker herself takes from Ian McEwan's novel Enduring Love. In order to account properly for this case, I argue that being hindered from rendering something significant about oneself intelligible to someone can constitute a hermeneutical injustice so long as it results from the hermeneutical marginalization of some group – whether or not one belongs to that group. One upshot is that Fricker's distinction between systematic and incidental cases of hermeneutical injustice needs redrawing, and I show how this can be done. Another is that hermeneutical injustice is more widespread than Fricker recognizes.
Multiply connected wandering domains of meromorphic functions: the pursuit of uniform internal dynamics
Authors: FERREIRA GUSTAVO R.
Published: April 2023

Recently, Benini et al showed that, in simply connected wandering domains of entire functions, all pairs of orbits behave in the same way relative to the hyperbolic metric, thus giving us our first insight into the general internal dynamics of such domains. The author proved in a recent paper [G. R. Ferreira. Multiply connected wandering domains of meromorphic functions: internal dynamics andconnectivity. J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 106 (2022), 1897–1919] that the same is not true for multiply connected wandering domains, a natural question is how inhomogeneous multiply connected wandering domains can be. We give an answer to this question, in that we show that uniform dynamics inside an open subset of the domain generalizes to the whole wandering domain. As an application of this result, we construct the first example of a meromorphic function with a semi-contracting infinitely connected wandering domain.
Wonderful compactifications and rational curves with cyclic action
Authors: Clader Emily , Damiolini Chiara , Li Shiyue , Ramadas Rohini
Published: April 2023

We prove that the moduli space of rational curves with cyclic action, constructed in our previous work, is realizable as a wonderful compactification of the complement of a hyperplane arrangement in a product of projective spaces. By proving a general result on such wonderful compactifications, we conclude that this moduli space is Chow-equivalent to an explicit toric variety (whose fan can be understood as a tropical version of the moduli space), from which a computation of its Chow ring follows.
Peer Interactions of School-Aged Girls on the Autism Spectrum: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tso Michelle , Strnadová Iva , Danker Joanne , O’Neill Sue
Published: April 2023

Although research on the experiences of females on the autism spectrum is still developing, it is becoming increasingly apparent that their experiences are not comparable to their male counterparts. This scoping review aimed to collate research related to the peer interaction experiences of school-aged girls on the autism spectrum from their perspective. A database and journal search (2010–2020) found 21 studies. Key findings indicated that although school-aged girls on the autism spectrum generally desired friendship, they faced diverse peer interaction difficulties, including making and maintaining friendships, peer victimisation, and rejection. Given these challenges, appropriate peer interaction supports and further research into the complexities of their peer interaction experience is needed.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE STABLE CORE
Authors: FRIEDMAN SY-DAVID , GITMAN VICTORIA , MÜLLER SANDRA
Published: April 2023

The stable core, an inner model of the form
$\langle L[S],\in , S\rangle $
for a simply definable predicate S, was introduced by the first author in [8], where he showed that V is a class forcing extension of its stable core. We study the structural properties of the stable core and its interactions with large cardinals. We show that the
$\operatorname {GCH} $
can fail at all regular cardinals in the stable core, that the stable core can have a discrete proper class of measurable cardinals, but that measurable cardinals need not be downward absolute to the stable core. Moreover, we show that, if large cardinals exist in V, then the stable core has inner models with a proper class of measurable limits of measurables, with a proper class of measurable limits of measurable limits of measurables, and so forth. We show this by providing a characterization of natural inner models
$L[C_1, \dots , C_n]$
for specially nested class clubs
$C_1, \dots , C_n$
, like those arising in the stable core, generalizing recent results of Welch [29].
The Hiin Ring Galaxies Survey (Hi-RINGS)—Effects of the bar on the Higas in ring galaxies
Authors: Murugeshan C. , Džudžar R. , Bagge R. , O’Beirne T. , Wong O. I. , Kilborn V. A. , Cluver M. E. , Lutz K. A. , Elagali A.
Published: April 2023

We present a new high-resolution neutral atomic hydrogen (Hi) survey of ring galaxies using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). We target a sample of 24 ring galaxies from the Buta (1995) Southern Ring Galaxy Survey Catalogue in order to study the origin of resonance-, collisional- and interaction-driven ring galaxies. In this work, we present an overview of the sample and study their global and resolved Hiproperties. In addition, we also probe their star formation properties by measuring their star formation rates (SFR) and their resolved SFR surface density profiles. We find that a majority of the barred galaxies in our sample are Hi-deficient, alluding to the effects of the bar in driving their Hideficiency. Furthermore, for the secularly evolving barred ring galaxies in our sample, we apply Lindblad’s resonance theory to predict the location of the resonance rings and find very good agreement between predictions and observations. We identify rings of Higas and/or star formation co-located at one or the other major resonances. Lastly, we measure the bar pattern speed ($\Omega_{\textrm{bar}}$) for a sub-sample of our galaxies and find that the values range from 10–90$\textrm{km s}^{-1}$kpc$^{-1}$, in good agreement with previous studies.
Showcasing the international atom: theIAEA Bulletinas a visual science diplomacy instrument, 1958–1962
Authors: Adamson Matthew
Published: April 2023

When the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began operations in 1958, one of its first routine tasks was to create and circulate a brief non-technical periodical. This article analyses the creation of theIAEA Bulletinand its circulation during its first years. It finds that diplomatic imperatives both in IAEA leadership circles and in the networks outside them shaped the form and appearance of the bulletin. In the hands of the IAEA's Division of Public Information, the bulletin became an instrument of science diplomacy, its imagery conveying the motivations for member states to strengthen ties with the IAEA, while simultaneously persuading them to accept the hierarchies and geopolitical logics implicit in those relations, as well as to endorse the central position of the IAEA as a clearing house and authority of globally circulating nuclear objects and information.
Inverse correlations between serum carotenoids and respiratory morbidity and mortality: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Yang Ruiming , Cao Ziteng , Liu Xin , Xiao Mengjie , Li Mengyao , Chen Yunyan , Chen Luyao , Sun Changhao , Chu Xia , Ren Qiang , Wei Wei
Published: April 2023

The objective was to evaluate the association between serum carotenoid levels and respiratory morbidity and mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults. We assessed the association of serum carotenoid levels with respiratory morbidity and mortality using logistic regression and proportional hazards regression models. Meanwhile, a series of confounders were controlled in regression models and restricted cubic spline, which included age, sex, race, marriage, education, income, drinking, smoking, regular exercise, BMI, daily energy intake, vitamin E, vitamin C, fruit intake, vegetable intake, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Compared with participants in the lowest tertiles, participants in the highest tertiles of serum total carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin levels had a significantly lower prevalence of emphysema (ORtotal carotenoids = 0·61, 95% CI: 0·41–0·89, ORβ-cryptoxanthin = 0·67, 95% CI: 0·49–0·92), chronic bronchitis (ORβ-cryptoxanthin = 0·66, 95% CI: 0·50–0·87) and asthma (Q2: ORlutein/zeaxanthin = 0·78, 95% CI: 0·62–0·97); participants in the highest tertiles of total carotenoids, α-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene had a lower risk of respiratory mortality (hazard ratio (HR)total carotenoids = 0·62, 95% CI: 0·42–0·90, HRα-carotene = 0·54, 95% CI: 0·36–0·82, HRlutein/zeaxanthin = 0·48, 95% CI: 0·33–0·71, HRlycopene = 0·66, 95% CI: 0·45–0·96) than those in the lowest tertiles. Higher serum total carotenoids and β-cryptoxanthin levels is associated with decreased prevalence of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and higher serum total carotenoids, α-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene levels had a lower mortality of respiratory disease.
Can Capital Adjustment Costs Explain the Decline in Investment–Cash Flow Sensitivity?
Authors: Liao Shushu , Nolte Ingmar , Pawlina Grzegorz
Published: April 2023

It is well documented that since at least the 1970s investment-cash flow (I-CF) sensitivity has been decreasing over time to disappear almost completely by the late 2000s. Based on a neoclassical investment model with costly external financing, we show that this pattern can be explained by the gradual increase of capital adjustment costs, attributable to the accumulation of knowledge capital. The result is robust to a variety of approaches, including Euler equation estimation and the simulated method of moments. More generally, our findings demonstrate that I-CF sensitivity should only be interpreted as a joint measure of financial andrealfrictions.
ETF Ownership and Seasoned Equity Offerings
Authors: Evans Kevin P. , Leung Woon Sau , Li Junqiu , Mazouz Khelifa
Published: April 2023

This article investigates the impact of exchange-traded fund (ETF) ownership on seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). We find that increases to firms’ ETF ownership is positively related to their propensity to conduct an SEO. ETF ownership is also associated with less negative SEO announcement returns, smaller discounts, and better long-run stock returns. Our evidence is consistent with equity issuance following investor demand for stocks driven by greater participation in ETFs, suggesting a possible alternative source of market timing opportunity.