bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The wild beyond: Creativity, play, and the future of expressive arts therapy
Authors: Jansen Tatjana , Wainwright Richard
Published: January 2025

Aligning with Harney and Moten’s (2013) concept of the Undercommons, this article challenges conventional psychological practice frameworks that have, arguably, marginalized arts-based healing practices, sometimes reducing them to mere tools for analysis rather than full recognition of their capacities. Such reductionist approaches have constrained the arts’ potential to contribute more holistically and transformatively to therapeutic practices. We therefore argue that these historical models often overlook the interconnectedness of humans and nonhuman entities as well as the embodied nature of identity and subjectivity, which are central themes to both the arts and therapeutic practices. Harney and Moten’s Undercommons envisions a space of subversion and resistance, where traditional knowledge and marginalized practices are nurtured, at a length from the institutional gaze that seems to co-opt them. Drawing on Harney and Moten’s work, along with a revisiting of phenomenology through the lens of posthumanism and new materialism and other interdisciplinary perspectives, this paper argues for a radical reorientation in the Expressive Arts. We propose working in the Undercommons, a space that is continuously in motion, engages the ‘wild beyond’ of established norms and pushes for a more expansive and interconnected artistic practice.
Sleep as the foundation of health: The role of sleep in human life, impact on memory, mood, and physical activity
Authors: Kufel Klaudia Maria , Fabian Dariusz Paweł , Michalczuk Karolina , Kurowski Marek , Leszczyńska-Knaga Elżbieta Monika , Jakubczyk Natalia Anna , Rutkowska-Kawalec Weronika , Moczydłowski Paweł Krzysztof , Ryglewicz Monika , Gliwa Anna , Kuczapska Karolina Anna
Published: January 2025

Sleep is a key component of everyone's health. It plays an important role in the body's recovery, improvement of cognitive function, and overall well-being. This thesis explores various aspects of sleep, focusing on its physiology, functions, and role in daily life. The paper includes detailed analyses of the effects of sleep on memory, the effects of deprivation, and techniques to improve sleep quality, such as sleep duration and regularity, minimising alcohol and caffeine intake, and meditation practices. The link between sleep and physical activity is also proving to be extremely important. Regular activity affects sleep quality and mental health. Finally, sleep is the foundation of health and well-being. Despite the wealth of information we already have, the importance and role of sleep presented in the following article demonstrate that this area should invariably be the subject of further research to help us gain an even better understanding of, and therefore influence, the quality of our sleep.
The role of Artificial Intelligence in detecting breast lesions using ultrasound
Authors: Ziemińska Daria , Motolko Karina , Burczyk Rafał , Duszyński Konrad , Tokarczyk Elżbieta , Michalska Martyna , Łabuda Adam
Published: January 2025

Introduction and objective: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally, with rising cases and mortality. Early detection via mammography, ultrasound, or MRI is vital, with ultrasound excelling in dense breast tissue due to its safety and accuracy.Review methods: A literature review utilizing databases like Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed, with keywords such as "AI use in radiology" and "BI-RADS scale" underscores the need for advancements in understanding and managing graft rejection.Brief knowledge status: AI develops systems that simulate human intelligence, excelling in breast imaging by detecting patterns and providing accurate results. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) drive advances, with DL's CNNs leading in image analysis. AI aids BI-RADS lesion classification, ultrasound lesion detection, lymph node analysis, and treatment response prediction, often surpassing radiologists. Its future relies on real-world validation, improved outcomes, and clinical integration.Discussion: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into breast imaging marks a transformative leap in diagnostic radiology, enhancing precision, efficiency, and scalability. Driven by advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), AI excels in analyzing complex datasets. However, its clinical adoption requires addressing key considerations with a nuanced approach.Summary: In conclusion, AI holds immense promise in breast imaging, poised to redefine the field through enhanced diagnostic capabilities and clinical utility. Continued advancements and validation efforts will ensure its broader acceptance and sustained impact in medical imaging.
Frotteuristic disorder - a specific paraphilia
Authors: Wdowiak Krystian , Maciocha Agnieszka , Wąż Julia , Witas Aleksandra , Chachaj Weronika , Winsyk Aleksandra , Gardocka Ewa
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Frotteuristic disorder is characterized by recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person over a period of at least six months. This behavior is manifested through fantasies, urges, or actions. While many studies indicate that the disorder predominantly affects men, this finding is not universally accepted. Victims of this disorder are typically young women, but only 2.6% of incidents are reported to the police. Most individuals with frotteuristic disorder do not seek treatment voluntarily, often being referred only after committing a crime. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has shown significant therapeutic success, while pharmacological treatments typically involve antiandrogenic medications and drugs that lower sexual drive. Aim of the Study: The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of frotteurism based on the latest literature.
Material and methods: The PubMed database was searched to find scientific articles in which the terms “frotteurism”, “frotteuristic” or “frotteuristic disorder” appear in the title, abstract, or keywords.Conclusions: There are gaps in research, including underestimation of prevalence, gender differences, and unclear etiological factors. Further studies could lead to better understanding and improved treatments for individuals with frotteuristic disorder. Additionally, the etiology of the disorder remains unclear. Further research could help clarify the causes of frotteurism, potentially leading to more effective treatments for individuals affected by this paraphilia.
Is Avian influenza virus still threatening humans? Preventative measures and treatment
Authors: Fordymacki Jacek , Łagowski Ryszard , Kosęda Julia , Fetner Barbara
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Global shift in the ecology of highly pathogenic avian influenza strains like H5N1 and the spread of avian influenza to mammals are raising concerns and prompting action in the event of a pandemic. Due to the nature of viruses, a future influenza pandemic is inevitable and preparedness for it vital. The aim of this article is to present the developed strategies for preventing pandemic influenza as a measure of preparedness for the upcoming threat.
State of knowledge
For public health purposes, influenza is divided into: seasonal, zoonotic and pandemic [1]. Although pandemic influenza spread very rare, it is of great concern due to its global reach and high mortality rate [2]. Health experts are concerned that a future pandemic could be caused by the H5N1 strain of the virus, an infection that can spread from birds to humans [3]. WHO, in collaboration with other institutions, continuously monitors influenza viruses. Based on risk assessment, it issues guidelines, develops surveillance strategies, and establishes a pandemic response plan. As part of preparedness for the next pandemic, specific influenza vaccines are developed and available antiviral drugs are being tested for their effectiveness against strains with pandemic potential.
Summary
Having appropriate policy and planning in place facilitates early response in order to suppress an influenza outbreak quickly, thus reducing the potentially catastrophic future impacts of a pandemic. Currently available antiviral medicines are mostly effective against the highly pathogenic strains of influenza A virus of concern. The Zoonotic influenza vaccines contains a strain matching the currently circulating clade to ensure protection. Effective plans will not succeed without the will to implement and execute them.
Instrumental Colorimetric Evaluation of Direct Enamel Restoration Materials
Authors: Rubio Rodrigo , Giusto Danilo , Hitschfeld Fernanda , Sarmiento-Oesterreich Raimundo , Sarmiento-Cornejo Jaime
Published: January 2025

Evidence establishes that there are problems regarding colorimetric coding and standardization of composite resin codes around the world that make the work of clinicians difficult. Determine significant quantitative colorimetric differences (ΔE) in enamel composite resins VITA A2 and A3 respect to VITA-Classical shade, allows clinicians to be alerted to real color differences between products of the same coding.
Descriptive in vitro study, 6 resins (N 140) A2 and A3 were used. 7 mm diameter discs, 1 mm (+/-0.1mm) thick were made, measured with spectrophotometry on opaque black background in dark chamber. Values obtained in CIELAB were analyzed obtaining ΔE. ANOVA test of factor 1 (α0.05) was performed.
ΔE for products simulating A2 and A3 with respect to Vita-Classical scale was greater than 5 (5= evident instrumental color difference between reference color and obtained color, unacceptable), with exception of A3 FiltekZ350XT (3MESPE, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA) (3.39±.65) (3 to 4= evident instrumental color difference between reference color and obtained color, but not visually perceptible).
There are significant colorimetric differences in enamel composite resins with VITA A2 and A3 coding in studied products, with respect to original VITA-Classical color, when measured spectrophotometer in CIELab with an interval confidence of 95%. All resins are over ΔE 5, meaning that differences between shades are considered clinically unacceptable, with exception of FiltekZ350XT 3MESPE, (3.39±.65) for Vita A3. None of the composite resins meet colorimetric characteristics when compared to Vita-Classical scale, (Bad Säckingen, Germany).
The Role of Femvertising in Women’s Empowerment: A Focus on FMCG Brand Campaigns in India
Authors:   Department of Commerce, University of Madras, Chennai, India, Martin Preethy Rose , Shanthi R. ,   Department of Commerce, University of Madras, Chennai, India
Published: January 2025

Advertisements that endorse and empower women and girls, also known as“femvertising,” frequently defy stereotypes and portray women in powerful and competent roles. Femvertising aims to boost self-assurance and spread uplifting messages about women’s accomplishments. It plays a crucial role in reshaping societal perceptions and motivates women and young girls to have faith in their capabilities. This article examines three key indicators of women’s empowerment: autonomy, self-efficacy, and gender role equality, as exhibited in the advertisements of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods brands Hamam, Horlicks and Vim. Data was gathered through a structured questionnaire with 188 respondents. The statistical techniques for analyzing the data include descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression. Future research could investigate the long-term effects of femvertising on consumer behavior and societal perceptions, as well as analyze how these empowerment-focused campaigns affect brand loyalty and buying intentions across various demographic segments.
Design of a miniaturized dual-view objective lens system for electronic endoscopy
Authors: Shangguan Jiawei , Li Yongliang , Li Jiahang , Feng Hailong , Wang Ning , Zhang Xinyuan
Published: January 2025

This study presents the design of a miniaturized dual-view objective lens system for electronic endoscopy. By modifying the second reflective surface of the panorama annular lens, the issue of limited light aperture in the forward-view structure of existing dual-view panoramic systems can be addressed. The forward-view structure captures light within a ±45∘ range, whereas the side-view structure covers (45∘−85∘)×360∘, resulting in a total field of view (FOV) of ±85∘ with a compactness ratio of 1.48. The system had an overall length of 7.62 mm and a maximum outer diameter of 4.1 mm. At a Nyquist frequency of 167 lp/mm, the modulation transfer function (MTF) exceeds 0.35 across the full FOV, with a relative illumination greater than 0.7 and an f−θ distortion of less than 10%. This system achieves wide-angle imaging under miniaturization constraints and has significant application value.
FPGA-based automatic laser frequency stabilization system using the dynamic time warping algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hongqiao , Li Zhaohui , Wang Yurong , Huang Haiyan , Hang Chao , Wu Guang
Published: January 2025

Achieving laser frequency stabilization is essential for high-precision applications in unmanned environments. This paper presents an FPGA-based automatic laser frequency stabilization system using the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. We utilize DTW’s pattern recognition capability to directly identify spectrum signals during the locking process. Experiments were conducted using rubidium (Rb) polarization spectroscopy with an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) at 795 nm. Results indicate that the system can achieve automatic frequency locking and relocking within approximately 10 s, with a frequency stability of 6.09×10−10@1s, 1.38×10−11@1000s. Compared with existing methods, this approach innovatively introduces an advanced algorithm, to the best of our knowledge, reducing development complexity and providing an effective solution for laser frequency stabilization in unmanned environments.
Chromatic dispersion based axial length estimation using retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Kübler Johannes , Fischer Jörg P. , de Boer Johannes F.
Published: January 2025

We propose a method for extracting the axial length of the human eye from high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) retinal scans. The method evaluates the chromatic dispersion introduced by the anterior segment and the vitreous of the eye. By analyzing sub-spectral scans, we quantify the axial shift caused by dispersion and relate it to the thicknesses of the media passed by the OCT beam. The method depends on accurate k-linearization and pixel-to-wavenumber calibration. First, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using a model eye with adjustable water chamber length. Subsequently, the method is explored for in vivo retinal OCT scans. Challenges are inter-subject variability and limited availability of exact chromatic dispersion data for ocular tissues in the relevant spectral range for OCT imaging. By interpolating the refractive indices of an established eye model from visible wavelengths to the infrared wavelengths of the OCT system using the dispersion of water and estimating refined dispersion properties of the lens, we improve the model’s agreement with in vivo measurements.
Fundamental limits on fiber-based electron acceleration—and how to overcome them
Authors: Antikainen Aku , Ramachandran Siddharth
Published: January 2025

To accelerate ultrarelativistic charged particles, such as electrons,
using an electromagnetic pulse along a hollow-core waveguide, the
pulse needs to have a longitudinal electric field component and a
phase velocity of c, the speed of light in vacuum. We
derive an approximate closed-form expression for the wavelength at
which the phase velocity of the TM01 mode in a metal-clad hollow-core
fiber with a dielectric layer is c. The expression is then used to
derive conditions for material dispersion required of the dielectric
in order to simultaneously have c phase and group velocity. It is shown
that the dispersion would need to be so heavily anomalous that the
losses in the anomalously dispersive regime would render such a
particle accelerator useless. We then propose the utilization of gain
in the form of two spectral peaks in the dielectric to circumvent the
otherwise fundamental limits and allow for TM01 pulses with c phase and group velocity, and thus
arbitrary length scaling of fiber-based electron accelerators. In
theory, the group velocity dispersion could also be made zero with
further gain-assisted dispersion engineering, allowing for the
copropagation of dispersionless electromagnetic pulses with
relativistic particles.
Detection and correction of misalignment for high fidelity volumetric additive manufacturing
Authors: Seymour Gabriel , McLeod Robert R.
Published: January 2025

Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) rapidly fabricates three-dimensional polymer structures by projecting images into a rotating vial of photosensitive resin. However, inevitable misalignment of this vial, the rotation system, and the projector limit the achievable resolution, fidelity and repeatability of VAM systems. In this work, we characterize the distinct impact of common misalignments through their distortion of a spherical test object. We then show that the ensemble of misalignments can be quantified with the addition of an imaging system. This information is then used to correct for the measured misalignment by modification of the projected images to enable reliable, high-resolution VAM dose delivery.
High-quality factor resonance enabled by the weak coupling between TE and TM resonance modes in a two-dimensional asymmetric metasurface and its application for slow light
Authors: Chen Cheng , He Rong , Guo Junpeng
Published: January 2025

In this work, the interaction between a transverse electric (TE) resonance mode and a transverse magnetic (TM) resonance mode in an asymmetric two-dimensional metal-dielectric guided mode resonance metasurface structure is investigated by using finite-difference time-domain simulations and a two-oscillator coupled mode theory. The coupled oscillator model fits well with the numerical simulation results. A Fano-like resonance mode attributed to the weak coupling between the TE and TM resonance modes is discovered in the resonance metasurface structure. The weakly coupled resonance mode has a high-quality factor of 14935, which is 33 times the quality factor of the uncoupled TE resonance mode. The high-quality factor resonance can be utilized to generate slow light. A group delay of 0.46 picosecond has been obtained in one designed asymmetric resonance metasurface.
Terahertz bandstop filter using varying radii split-ring resonators
Authors: Asadi Saeid , Haghighat Mohsen , Dehghanian Ali , Darcie Thomas , Smith Levi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we report a proof-of-concept terahertz bandstop filter constructed from split-ring resonators. The design comprises nine split-ring resonators, organized into three groups of three same radius. The radius of the groups is 13 µm, 14 µm, and 15 µm, respectively, and are placed between the conductors of a coplanar stripline. Each group of split-ring resonators results in notch filters with different center frequencies. The combined bandstop center frequency is 1.09 THz and the −3 dB bandwidth is 0.36 THz. The transmission response of the filter is measured using a modified terahertz time-domain spectrometer and we find agreement between theory, simulation, and experiment. This work demonstrates the viability of using varying-radii split-ring resonators as sub-wavelength filter elements for terahertz systems.
Demonstrating the antinode loss effect as the operational mechanism of broadband multilayer film absorbers
Authors: Xie Zhenlong , Jiang Jiayi , Jiang Fan , Chen Yihang
Published: January 2025

Broadband multilayer film absorbers (BMFAs) consisting of alternating metallic and dielectric layers allow low-cost large-scale fabrication, which can be effectively applied in radiative-cooling, photodetector and photovoltaic, etc. The efficient design of BMFAs requires a clear physical understanding. Most studies indicate that Fabry-Perot resonance is the absorption mechanism of BMFAs. We challenge this view, arguing that the absorption of BMFAs is caused by the non-resonant antinode loss effect (ALE): placing a high-loss metal film with subwavelength thickness near the antinodes of the optical field significantly enhances absorption. Our theoretical analysis indicates that achieving near-perfect absorption of BMFAs requires two conditions: amplitude matching and phase matching of the standing wave reflection coefficient. We demonstrate that using ALE with an appropriately thick high-loss metal film can achieve amplitude matching, while phase matching can be achieved by adjusting the thickness of the surface dielectric layer. Using this efficient two-step design method, we design BMFAs for the visible, near-infrared, and visible-near-infrared wavelength ranges, respectively, and their experimental results align with theoretical expectations. Additionally, we demonstrate that ALE can also guide the design of metamaterial absorbers. Our research corrects the misunderstandings about the mechanisms of broadband absorbers and provides an efficient design methodology for these devices.
Exploring the dynamical Casimir effect via resonator frequency modulations
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Ye-Hong , Qin Wei , Song Jie , Xia Yan
Published: January 2025

We propose a protocol to study the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) in an optomechanical system involving a frequency-modulated resonator with a vibrating mirror. The frequency modulation changes the resonant condition of the photon-phonon parametric coupling and then makes the photons generated by the DCE become more observable. Through the vacuum Casimir-Rabi splitting, the generation of photons from the DCE is demonstrated. Meanwhile, numerical simulations show that when driving the mechanical mode, the system is able to emit observable photon fluxes, even though the resonator frequency is much larger than the mechanical frequency. The results also validate the protocol is robust to the resonator decay and the modulation parameters. Thus, our protocol paves the way to explore the DCE for cavity optomechanical systems.
Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tb:YLF lasers at 587 nm
Authors: Kotov Leonid , Kaneda Yushi , Püschel Stefan , Tanaka Hiroki , Hair Johnathan , Nehrir Amin , Temyanko Valery
Published: January 2025

We report what we believe to be the highest continuous-wave (CW) output power from a Tb:YLF (Tb3+:LiYF4) laser at 587 nm, reaching up to 1 W, and the first actively Q-switched operation in the orange spectral region with output energy of 0.5 mJ in 100 ns pulses at 500 Hz. This represents progress toward a next-generation ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) laser source. Unstable behavior in CW operation is observed.
Stochastic frequency fluctuation super-resolution imaging
Authors: Chen Yifan , Tsao Chieh , Cobb-Bruno Colburn , Utzat Hendrik
Published: January 2025

The inherent non-linearity of intensity correlation functions can be used to spatially distinguish identical emitters beyond the diffraction limit, as achieved, for example, in super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). Here, we propose a complementary concept based on spectral correlation functions, termed spectral fluctuation super-resolution (SFSR) imaging. Through theoretical and computational analysis, we show that spatially resolving time-frequency correlation functions in the image plane can improve the imaging resolution by a factor of 2 in most cases and up to twofold for strictly two emitters. This improvement is achieved by quantifying the degree of correlation in spectral fluctuations across the spatial domain. Experimentally, SFSR can be implemented using a combination of interferometry and photon-correlation measurements. The method works for non-blinking emitters and stochastic spectral fluctuations with arbitrary temporal statistics. This suggests its utility in super-resolution microscopy of quantum emitters at low temperatures, where spectral diffusion is often more pronounced than emitter blinking.
Silica fiber laser emitting moderate power-stable visible output
Authors: Lee Jinho , Ososkov Yan , Buckthorpe Martin , Cahoon Mary Ann , Meehan Bailey , Chapman Kristin , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Jackson Stuart D.
Published: January 2025

A high slope efficiency of 12%, a stabilized output power of 250 mW at a wavelength of 581.8 nm, and what we believe to be a record peak output power of 450 mW have been achieved from a diode-pumped high concentration Dy3+:BaF2 nanoparticle (NP)-doped silicate fiber laser. The performance is primarily attributed to a reduction in the overall background loss within the cavity and a higher Dy3+ concentration in the pre-synthesized NPs. Almost 60% of the initial laser power remains in the steady state after several hours of the fiber being pumped by high-power 450 nm radiation, suggesting a modified local rare-earth ion environment. Such an environment likely leads to moderate photodarkening resistance, which results from the reduced energization of nearby precursor defects in the aluminosilicate glass, typically forming strongly absorbing defect centers. The result opens the door to a new class of lasers that exploits the remarkable material properties of silicate glass for the efficient generation of visible light.
Simulation analysis of the effects of aerosol and surface albedo on the remote sensing detection of greenhouse gases in the short-wave infrared 1.6 μm
Authors: Li Min , Li Zhengqiang , Fan Cheng , Yang Leiku , Zhang Zihan , Liu Qingyun , Xuan Yundong , Dong Jiantao , Shi Zheng
Published: January 2025

Aerosols and surface albedo are major sources of error in retrieving greenhouse gas concentrations using high-resolution shortwave infrared spectroscopy. This study employs a high-precision atmospheric radiative transfer model to simulate the influence of aerosols and six different surface types on satellite-observed spectra in the 1594 nm~1624 nm and 1662 nm~1672 nm bands. The results indicate that as aerosol optical depth (AOD) increases, radiance generally increases, with the most significant change observed over vegetated surfaces, which show a 13.26% variation. Within the CO2 and CH4 absorption bands, the increments of CO2/CH4 under equivalent radiation corresponding to the six surface types are ranked: vegetation, metal material, building material, sedimentary finerock, soil, and sedimentary coarserock. Taking soil surface as an example, the study finds that radiance decreases by approximately 0.41 W/m2/μm/sr for every 1 ppm increase in CO2 concentration and by about 0.86 W/m2/μm/sr for every 1 ppb increase in CH4 concentration. Further analysis shows a near-parabolic relationship between AOD and radiance, with consistent trends for CO2 and CH4. As AOD increases, the concentration of both gases exhibit continuous growth. Vegetated surfaces demonstrate the largest concentration changes, with CO2 and CH4 varying by approximately 40.96 ppm and 137.87 ppb, respectively. Explorations under mixed surface conditions indicate that spectral radiance increases with surface albedo, reaching maximum values of 7.7 W/m2/μm/sr for CO2 and 7.45 W/m2/μm/sr for CH4. These findings underscore the critical roles of aerosols and surface albedo in satellite-based greenhouse gas retrievals, offering valuable theoretical guidance for enhancing the accuracy of remote sensing measurements.
Achieving universal sanitation in Ghana: An analysis of key drivers of toilet ownership among property owners in Urban areas
Authors: Duku Godwin Armstrong , Bonso Nana Kobea , Appiah-Effah Eugene , Kunkuaboor Yenube Clement , Nouwati Emmanuel , Gyapong-Korsah Barbara , Acquah Ebenezer , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum
Published: January 2025

Access to safe sanitation facilities remains a critical public health concern, especially in rapidly urbanizing countries like Ghana. This study investigates the determinants of household toilet ownership among property owners in three urban districts in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 1,256 property owners selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure. Logistic regression analysis revealed that toilet ownership is significantly associated with the age and education level of property owners, community classification, building characteristics, and household income. Older property owners were more likely to own toilets (OR = 1.014 per year increase), as were those with higher education levels (OR = 1.752 for secondary, OR = 4.489 for tertiary education). Medium-class communities (OR = 2.013) completed buildings (OR = 2.625), and those constructed with sandcrete (OR = 12.755) were more likely to have toilets. Higher household income (OR = 1.00) correlated positively with toilet ownership. We conclude that enforcing building regulations requiring toilet facilities in all properties is crucial for improving sanitation in urban Ghana. Additionally, innovative sanitation financing interventions that subsidize the costs of sanitation facilities can be effective in addressing financial barriers and increasing household toilet ownership.
CohortDiagnostics: Phenotype evaluation across a network of observational data sources using population-level characterization
Authors: Rao Gowtham A. , Shoaibi Azza , Makadia Rupa , Hardin Jill , Swerdel Joel , Weaver James , Voss Erica A. , Conover Mitchell M. , Fortin Stephen , Sena Anthony G. , Knoll Chris , Hughes Nigel , Gilbert James P. , Blacketer Clair , Andryc Alan , DeFalco Frank , Molinaro Anthony , Reps Jenna , Schuemie Martijn J. , Ryan Patrick B.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This paper introduces a novel framework for evaluating phenotype algorithms (PAs) using the open-source tool, Cohort Diagnostics.

Materials and methods

The method is based on several diagnostic criteria to evaluate a patient cohort returned by a PA. Diagnostics include estimates of incidence rate, index date entry code breakdown, and prevalence of all observed clinical events prior to, on, and after index date. We test our framework by evaluating one PA for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and two PAs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) across 10 different observational data sources.

Results

By utilizing CohortDiagnostics, we found that the population-level characteristics of individuals in the cohort of SLE closely matched the disease’s anticipated clinical profile. Specifically, the incidence rate of SLE was consistently higher in occurrence among females. Moreover, expected clinical events like laboratory tests, treatments, and repeated diagnoses were also observed. For AD, although one PA identified considerably fewer patients, absence of notable differences in clinical characteristics between the two cohorts suggested similar specificity.

Discussion

We provide a practical and data-driven approach to evaluate PAs, using two clinical diseases as examples, across a network of OMOP data sources. Cohort Diagnostics can ensure the subjects identified by a specific PA align with those intended for inclusion in a research study.

Conclusion

Diagnostics based on large-scale population-level characterization can offer insights into the misclassification errors of PAs.
A facial expression recognition network using hybrid feature extraction
Authors: Song Dandan , Liu Chao
Published: January 2025

Facial expression recognition faces great challenges due to factors such as face similarity, image quality, and age variation. Although various existing end-to-end Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures have achieved good classification results in facial expression recognition tasks, these network architectures share a common drawback that the convolutional kernel can only compute the correlation between elements of a localized region when extracting expression features from an image. This leads to difficulties for the network to explore the relationship between all the elements that make up a complete expression. In response to this issue, this article proposes a facial expression recognition network called HFE-Net. In order to capture the subtle changes of expression features and the whole facial expression information at the same time, HFE-Net proposed a Hybrid Feature Extraction Block. Specifically, Hybrid Feature Extraction Block consists of parallel Feature Fusion Device and Multi-head Self-attention. Among them, Feature Fusion Device not only extracts the local information in expression features, but also measures the correlation between distant elements in expression features, which helps the network to focus more on the target region while realizing the information interaction between distant features. And Multi-head Self-attention can calculate the correlation between the overall elements in the feature map, which helps the network to extract the overall information of the expression features. We conducted a lot of experiments on four publicly available facial expression datasets and verified that the Hybrid Feature Extraction Block constructed in this paper can improve the network’s recognition ability for facial expressions.
Multidimensional vulnerability and financial risk protection in health in contexts of protracted conflict: Evidence from the Occupied Palestinian Territory
Authors: Hatamyar Julia , Shayeb Sally , Hussain Akseer , Hammoudeh Weeam , Mazumdar Sumit , Moreno-Serra Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a multidimensional vulnerability index for a setting of protracted conflict, which is applied to study the relationship between financial vulnerability and catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) incidence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory in 2018. We find that our index better captures the extent of financial risk protection in health compared to conventional measures of financial welfare. Results indicate that the most vulnerable groups experience a significantly higher likelihood of incurring CHE, and this likelihood is increased for those living in the West Bank compared to the Gaza Strip. We also find a lack of protection from existing health insurance types against the risk of CHE. Our analysis provides valuable insights about key aspects, such as health financing and insurance bottlenecks, that will deserve careful policy attention in efforts to rebuild the Palestinian health system, following the Israel-Hamas war.
Sustainable development through eco-innovation: A focus on small and medium enterprises in Colombia
Authors: Tegethoff Thomas , Santa Ricardo , Bucheli Juan Manuel , Cabrera Benjamin , Scavarda Annibal
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of eco-innovation on the economic, social, and environmental performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia. SMEs are pivotal to Colombia’s economic landscape, contributing significantly to job creation, economic growth, and regional development. The research utilizes structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data collected from 568 SMEs through an electronic survey. The findings indicate that eco-innovation positively influences both environmental and economic-social performance. Enhanced environmental performance, driven by eco-innovation, is associated with improved resource efficiency, reduced emissions, and waste management. Moreover, economic and social performance, measured through profitability, product quality, and job satisfaction, also benefits from eco-innovative practices. These results underscore the importance of eco-innovation in promoting sustainable development within the SME sector. The study advocates for further large-scale investigations to validate these findings and to explore the broader implications of eco-innovation in diverse economic contexts.
Tyrosine supplementation is ineffective in facilitating soccer players’ physical and cognitive performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in hot conditions
Authors: Donnan Kate J. , Williams Emily L. , Stanger Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Tyrosine has been proposed to potentially provide ergogenic benefits to cognitive and physical performance in physiologically demanding environments. However research into its effectiveness on cognitive and physical performance during exercise in the heat has revealed mixed findings. This study examined the effects of a commonly employed dosage of tyrosine supplementation on soccer players’ physical and decision-making performance, cognitive appraisal, and affective states, during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise in hot conditions. Eight trained male soccer players completed a 92-minute high-intensity intermittent cycling sprint protocol whilst responding to soccer-specific decision-making tasks at various time points in 32°C (50%rh), in two counterbalanced conditions; tyrosine (150mg.kg-1) and placebo. No differences were found for peak power output (p = .486; 715 ± 98W vs 724 ± 98W, respectively), decision-making (p = .627; 86.9 ± 10.7% vs 88.6 ± 7.0%, respectively), cognitive appraisal (p = .693, 0.90 ± 0.42 vs 0.88 ± 0.39, respectively) nor affective states (p = .918; 1.15 ± 1.55 vs 1.14 ± 1.70, respectively) between tyrosine and placebo conditions. Also, no condition by time interaction effects were noted for these outcomes. In sum, tyrosine supplementation was ineffective for facilitating prolonged intermittent sprint (self-paced) activity, soccer-specific decision-making, and in alleviating perceptual strain, for soccer players’ exercising in the heat. However, future research may wish to consider alternative approaches for tyrosine supplementation (e.g., timing, dosage) or induce heightened physiological strain to extend on these findings.
Operational Challenges of Sunflower Centers - Lessons from UK and US Center Cases
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Inseon
Published: January 2025

This study reviewed the operations of the Sunflower Center in South Korea, SARC in the United Kingdom, and SART in the United States, which provide integrated support to victims of sexual violence in crisis through multi-disciplinary collaboration. Sunflower centers are operating under standardized operating guidelines, with all centers across the country having the same location, hours of operation, and staffing. This has resulted in high operating costs and operational issues such as understaffing and limited space. However, the number of users and support cases varied greatly by region, and the number of users by time of day also varied greatly. In contrast, SARCs in the United Kingdom and SARTs in the United States have operational guidelines, but they are operated flexibly according to local characteristics. Based on the UK and US cases, it was discussed that it is necessary to operate centers flexibly in consideration of local characteristics and needs, and it is necessary to strengthen the training of sexual assault nurse examiners.
Research on Job Satisfaction among Social Workers in a Limited Reward System - Moderating Effects of Social Capital and Generational Differences
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kwon So Il
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the influence of extrinsic motivation (compensation, recognition, promotion) on job satisfaction among social welfare facility workers in Daejeon. Additionally, it explores how social capital moderates this relationship and examines differences across generations. A survey involving 1,352 practitioners employed in social welfare facilities in Daejeon was conducted, focusing on variables such as job satisfaction, compensation, recognition, promotion, and social capital. Results indicate that higher levels of extrinsic motivation, particularly in compensation and recognition, are positively associated with increased job satisfaction among workers aged 20-30 and 40-60. Moreover, social capital was found to enhance the positive effect of compensation on job satisfaction among the 20-30 age group. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed for organizational and generational strategies aimed at improving job satisfaction among social welfare facility workers.
A Study on Improvement Strategies for Incident Command Training System - Focusing on the Analysis of THe INcident Command Skills(THINCS) in UK Fire Service
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Chang Mok , Yoo Hyun Jin , Lee Jong Ho
Published: January 2025

This study aims to propose improvement strategies for the incident command(IC) training system. To achieve the objective, a comparative analysis of IC training systems in the UK and Korea was conducted and the discussion-based interviews were carried out with the subject matter experts consisting of 10 current and former instructors, facilitators, raters, and firefighters with evaluation experience. For improvements in the IC training system, it is essential to first develop non-technical skills for domestic ICs that enable them to organically respond to on-site situations and to introduce terminology for discussing these capabilities. Additionally, moving away from uniform assessments, the evaluation system should be reformed to focus on capabilities observed during training sessions, and the current segmented command training should be integrated to strengthen core competencies in a phased enhancement of the system. Furthermore, through pre-education of raters, consistency and uniformity in evaluations should be ensured, while also establishing a system that reduces reliance on VR and enables team-or department-level continuous training.
The Effect of Stress of Overseas Dispatch Personnel on Organizational Commitment - Wellness' Mediating Role
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Ki Hyun , Park Hyo Sun
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between wellness perceived by overseas deployment preparatory personnel as a stress management function and organisational commitment. Through this, it aims to enhance organizational commitment by preemptively regulating stress among overseas deployment preparatory personnel with effective wellness before performing overseas deployment missions, contributing to successful mission execution. The result of the study is as follows. Firstly. the verification of the influence of stress on organizational commitment confirmed that stress has negative impact on organizational commitment. Secondly. the verification of the influence of stress on wellness confirmed that stress has nebative impact on wellness. Thirdly, the verification of the influence of wellness on organizational commitment confirmed that stress has positive impact on or Banizational commitment. Lastly, in verifying the mediating effect of wellness on the influence of stress on organizational commitment, it was confirmed that wellness showed a complete mediating effect on the influence of stress on organizational cormitment.
Influences of Nursing Professionalism, Critical Thinking Disposition and Communication on Patient Safety Competency among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jung Sua , Lee Nakyeong , Kim Jinseul , Choi Soohyeon , Oh Soojin , Park Jinkyung
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify factors affecting patient safety competency, focusing on nursing students’ nursing professionalism, critical thinking disposition and communication. This study was conducted with 132 nursing students from a nursing university located in Gwangju. Descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS program. As a result of the study, nursing professionalism (β=.28, p<.001), critical thinking disposition (β=.21, p=.030), communication (β=.24, p=.013), and senior nursing students than junior nursing students (β=.19, p=.008) were found to have a statistically significant effect on patient safety competency. The total explanatory power was 44.3%. This study is significant as it provides evidence for developing intervention programs to enhance patient safety competency in nursing students. To enhance their patient safety competency, it is suggested to expand systematic and varied education programs focused on nursing professionalism, critical thinking disposition and communication.
Mediating Effect of Anger-In Coping Style between Perceived Stress and Warning Symptoms of Relapse in Alcoholics
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Haesook , Choi Yunhee
Published: January 2025

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and warning symptoms of relapse in alcohol-using patients undergoing inpatient treatment at a metropolitan alcohol treatment hospital, and to determine how anger-in coping style influences this relationship. The aim was to understand the variables influencing warning symptoms of relapse in alcoholics and to explore appropriate intervention measures. To achieve this, a survey was conducted from January to March 2023, and the collected data were analyzed using statistical methods such as t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Bootstrap was performed to test the significance of the indirect effects through the mediator variables. The results of the study showed significant positive correlations between perceived stress, anger-in coping style, and relapse warning symptoms among alcoholics. Moreover, anger-in coping style partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and relapse warning symptoms in alcoholics. Based on these research findings, suggestions were made for preventing relapse among alcoholics.
A Validation of the Korean Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (K-PHQ-9A) among Child and Adolescents
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Sim Kisun , Kim Bokyung , Lee Nabin , Kim Dohee , Joo Hyesun
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9A (PHQ-9A) as a screening tool for depression among children and adolescents in Korea. To validate the PHQ-9A in Korea, item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were conducted with 356 pairs of children and their caregivers, and 533 adolescents who had experienced traumatic events. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the K-PHQ-9A. All items showed adequate internal consistency and were adequately related to depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, supporting good concurrent validity. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis was conducted to identify the clinical cut-off points for depression. The optimal cut-off point for the K-PHQ-9A was found to be 9 points for both children and adolescents, while for the K-PHQ-2A, it was found to be 2 points for children and 3 points for adolescents. The results were also discussed in relation to the potential utility of the instrument.