bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distance education as a tool to improve researchers’ knowledge on predatory journals in countries with limited resources: the Moroccan experience
Authors: El Bairi Khalid , Fourtassi Maryam , El Fatimy Rachid , El Kadmiri Nadia
Published: January 2023

The emergence of predatory journals is a global threat for scientific integrity, particularly in under-resourced settings such as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A bilingual course on predatory publishing using a distance education approach was developed for Moroccan researchers as a response to the imperative need for training on research ethics to implement good scientific practices. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted to evaluate outcomes after delivering two education sessions in both French and English. Before this course, 40% of participants indicated that they don’t verify journal quality before manuscript submission and most of them consider Scopus indexing and the impact factor as the best criteria for journal publication. Approximately 50% of surveyees did not have previous information on predatory journals before the webinar. Pressure to publish by supervisors, institutions of affiliation, or funding agencies, was noticed in 43.4% of participants. After the webinar course was delivered, remarkably, the proportion of participants with knowledge on predatory publishing was meaningfully increased from 48.9% to 81%. Importantly, 83.7% of participants indicated that they are motivated to share their new knowledge on predatory publishing with their colleagues. Moreover, the majority of respondents (73.8%) reported that publishing their research in predatory journals may damage their career and professional future. Promisingly, nearly a half or more of participants recommended the use of training based on distance education, surveillance of researchers by their mentors and affiliations, and social networks to increase awareness on predatory publishing. Almost all participants were satisfied with the content of the webinar. Trainers and research institutions in LMICs should benefit from the advent of distance education using webinar platforms to increase awareness on the issue of predatory publishing in their settings.
Free Action and Cyclic Sieving on Skew Semi-standard Young Tableaux
Authors: Alexandersson Per
Published: January 2023

In this note, we provide a short proof of Theorem 4.3 in the paper titledCrystals, semistandard tableaux and cyclic sieving phenomenon, by Y.-T. Oh and E. Park, which concerns a cyclic sieving phenomenon on semi-standard Young tableaux. We also extend their result to skew shapes.
Urban planners’ perspectives of public participation in planning in Nigeria
Authors: Echendu Adaku Jane
Published: January 2023

Public/community participation is globally recognized today as an integral aspect of urban planning. This is evident in various international, national, and local planning standards, regulations, and policies. This is no different in Nigeria where the various national and state level planning regulations incorporate this integral part of planning. This study investigates the extent of public participation in planning in Rivers State, Nigeria. Urban planners working in Rivers State were interviewed and academic papers on public participation in planning reviewed. This work finds that despite the mandatory legal provision for public inclusion in the planning process, it is largely not implemented in practice in the formal planning process. The lack of public participation in the planning process is a major reason for poor public support of plans which impacts successful execution. For Nigeria to achieve goals of having sustainable and vibrant urban communities, it is essential to begin implementing the planning laws which mandates public participation by meaningfully involving the public in urban planning processes. This will ensure a broader acceptance and instil a feeling of ownership of plans and processes among citizens which will enhance sustainable planning and development.
Wear Performance of a Novel Silicon Nitride Ceramic for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Correa Filho Luimar , Fu Le , Engqvist Håkan , Xia Wei , Persson Cecilia
Published: January 2023

Ceramic materials are sometimes used as bearing surfaces of joint implants due to their high wear resistance and biocompatibility. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is one of the ceramics under investigation for such use, owing to its bacteriostatic properties and high wear resistance. Traditional Si3N4 is sintered using Al2O3 and Y2O3 as sintering aids. To improve the biocompatibility and bioactivity of Si3N4, new sintering aids (SrO, MgO, and SiO2) were used in this work. This substitution may however have substantial effects on the wear properties of the material. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate these effects. Multidirectional pin-on-disc wear tests against ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene pins were used to this end, running in fetal bovine serum solution at 37 °C for 2 million cycles. The surface roughness, phase composition, and surface morphology of the surfaces were investigated, together with the pH of the wear test lubricant and compared to a traditional Si3N4 composition. XRD and SEM results showed that the prepared ceramics were composed of α- and β-phase Si3N4. The surface roughness of the Si3N4 ceramic discs was in accordance with the biomedical standard, and the wear test results demonstrated that the new ceramics had a low wear factor and a comparable coefficient of friction to Si3N4 ceramics reported in previous work. However, the dissolution of the materials over time may be a concern for biotribological applications, such as long-term use or in other wear couples.
“The bottom line is that it is all about trust”: Interviews with Health Services Administrators about perceived barriers and facilitators to vaccine administration in jails
Authors: Cassarino Nicole , Lodolo Laura , Smyth Emma , Ramaswamy Megha , Wurcel Alysse
Published: January 2023

Background:

Compared to the general population, individuals incarcerated in jails and prisons are more vulnerable to infection and mortality from communicable diseases, such as COVID-19 and influenza. However, vaccination rates among incarcerated individuals as well as staff who work in jails and prisons remain disproportionately low. Healthcare administrators working in jails have first-hand experience about barriers to vaccine provision, but their perspectives are infrequently collected and analyzed.

Methods:

We reached out to Health Services Administrators (HSAs) from all 14 Massachusetts (MA) county jails for qualitative in-depth interviews to understand how their personal and professional feelings about vaccination relate to the barriers and facilitators that surround administration of vaccines in jail.

Results:

Eight people participated in the study (8/14 = 57% response rate). Key themes emerged, including 1) HSAs expressed divergent opinions on incarceration as the correct opportunity to vaccinate individuals, 2) HSAs’ personal views on vaccines influenced their operationalization of vaccination in jail, and 3) opinions varied on whether their institutions’ vaccine protocols needed modification.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight the critical need to leverage the feedback and influence of stakeholders such as HSAs in efforts to improve preventative healthcare delivery in carceral health systems.
Phenologies of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) andCirsiumspecies native to the upper Midwest: implications for the ecological host range of the biocontrol agentHadroplontus litura
Authors: Katovich Elizabeth J. , Becker Roger L. , Katovich Erik S.
Published: January 2023

NativeCirsiumspecies play an important role in landscapes across North America.Hadroplontus litura(F.) (formerlyCeutorhynchus litura), the stem-mining weevil and biological control agent of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] can complete its life cycle on fiveCirsiumspecies native to the upper Midwest. Although these fiveCirsiumspecies are within the fundamental host range ofH. litura, as determined by host-range tests, we wanted to explore whether phenological differences amongCirsiumspecies help define the field ecological host range ofH. litura. The objective of this study was to determine the phenology ofCirsiumspecies native to the upper Midwest in relation toC. arvenseandH. litura.Our goal was to explore whether shoots of nativeCirsiumspecies could escapeH. liturashoot oviposition in spring due to delayed shoot emergence relative toC. arvense. Soil cumulative growing degree days (GDD) were a superior predictor of shoot emergence for perennialCirsiumspecies or initiation of leaves in biennialCirsiumspecies, with a 2.4 times larger effect on time to emergence relative to air GDD. All nativeCirsiumspecies initiated new leaves or shoots beforeC. arvenseshoot emergence, even when nativeCirsiumspecies growth was delayed in the spring. In turn,C. arvenseshoots emerged approximately 1 to 3 wk before femaleH. liturabegan to lay eggs. As such, all nativeCirsiumplants had shoots available forH. lituraoviposition. There was no phenological separation between nativeCirsiumandC. arvenseshoot emergence or initiation that would render nativeCirsiumspecies safe fromH. lituraattack. Based on the phenology of shoot emergence or initiation in the spring, all testedCirsiumspecies native to the upper Midwest would be within the ecological host range ofH. litura.
Measuring the success of cross-tenure collaborative weed management: insights codeveloped with practitioners
Authors: Graham Sonia , Wyllie Megan , Wilkerson Mel , Williams Michael , Sharp Angela , Cherry Hillary , Martin Paul , Campbell Rebecca , Hawkes Gina
Published: January 2023

There is limited documentation of cross-tenure collaborative weed management programs, and no consistent set of metrics for evaluating their performance. In this study, 12 weed management practitioners in southeast Australia participated in a qualitative social research project to discuss and document examples of cross-tenure collaborative weed management and critically reflect on whether existing metrics are suitable for evaluating the performance of their programs. Analysis of focus group discussions, project documentation, subsequent reflections, and review of the literature reveal that weed management practitioners, in Australia and elsewhere, mostly rely on metrics that measure weed management inputs, such as herbicides, labor, and costs. Metrics used to evaluate social outcomes focus on benefits for individuals rather than social relationships or achievement of equitable outcomes. Social research on collaborative governance and social science methods more broadly, such as social network analysis and collective narratives, could be used by weed management practitioners to better evaluate and explain social–ecological outcomes over time.
Preferential attachment hypergraph with high modularity
Authors: Giroire Frédéric , Nisse Nicolas , Trolliet Thibaud , Sulkowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2023

Numerous works have been proposed to generate random graphs preserving the same properties as real-life large-scale networks. However, many real networks are better represented by hypergraphs. Few models for generating random hypergraphs exist, and also, just a few models allow to both preserve a power-law degree distribution and a high modularity indicating the presence of communities. We present a dynamic preferential attachment hypergraph model which features partition into communities. We prove that its degree distribution follows a power-law, and we give theoretical lower bounds for its modularity. We compare its characteristics with a real-life co-authorship network and show that our model achieves good performances. We believe that our hypergraph model will be an interesting tool that may be used in many research domains in order to reflect better real-life phenomena.
LIES, DECEITS, MANIPULATIONS, AND OTHER FORMS OF AESTHETIC EXPRESSION IN HORACE, SATIRES 2.5
Authors: Horne Andrew J.
Published: January 2023

Finagling an inheritance is one time-tested way of resolving a money shortage: just flatter your way into the good graces of the aged and rich. In Satires 2.5 Horace parodies the Roman version of this vice, known as captatio or ‘legacy-hunting’; with baroque imagination, he presents Odysseus, the mythological hero, consulting the prophet Tiresias in the Underworld and learning how to increase his fortune by amassing inheritances. Odysseus asks: tu protinus, unde | diuitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, aceruos (‘tell me forthwith, prophet, where I can dig up riches and heaps of money’, 21f.). Tiresias responds: captes astutus ubique | testamenta senum (‘cleverly snatch on all sides the testaments of old men’, 23f.). Social critique naturally looms large in this poem about venal dishonesty. In major studies, Niall Rudd and Klaus Sallmann have examined the poem's criticism of contemporary Roman society, and later scholars have taken a similar line, often reading the poem as a send-up of flattery. All true, but there is more to say. Even as it treats of wills, money, and flattery, the satire also shows a quiet concern with aesthetic issues, especially the state of contemporary poetry.
You were bombed and now you have to pay for it: Questioning the positive obligations in the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Hood Anna
Published: January 2023

One of the central components of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) is its victim assistance and environmental remediation provisions (known collectively as the Treaty’s ‘positive obligations’). While there is much to celebrate about efforts to remedy the damage caused by nuclear weapons, the way the TPNW distributes responsibility for this work is troubling. Under the Treaty, the primary responsibility for fulfilling the positive obligations is placed on the states parties that have individuals under their jurisdiction who are affected by the use or testing of nuclear weapons and areas under their jurisdiction or control that have been contaminated by the use or testing of nuclear weapons (‘the affected states’) despite the fact that, often, these were not the states responsible for detonating the nuclear weapons. This article examines and critiques the reasons the Treaty’s drafters placed the main responsibility for victim assistance and environmental remediation on affected states. It argues that the rationales underpinning these provisions rest on shaky grounds, and that the Treaty’s approach has potential negative ramifications for nuclear disarmament and understanding the history of the use and testing of nuclear weapons. Further, it explores how the Treaty may play into worrying broader dynamics in public international law whereby the Global North is frequently absolved of responsibility for the harms it causes while the Global South is saddled with obligations to redress an array of harms.
Selling lowbrow art and cultural goods in times of pandemic: The case of a provincial art market
Authors: Radermecker Anne-Sophie
Published: January 2023

This article examines the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on a provincial art market to shed light on how gallerists, auctioneers, and antique dealers have coped with this exogenous event. Provincial intermediaries, active in the lower ends of the art market, are characterized by economic properties that differ from those of the upper-end markets. Their location at the periphery of metropolitan centers, combined with the characteristics of supply and demand, are likely to affect their ability to face a global crisis. Based on 15 semi-structured interviews with provincial intermediaries, this research reveals the unexpected performance of local auction houses and antique dealers active in the secondary art market. We attribute this performance to the use value of lowbrow cultural goods, the willingness of local auction houses to embrace the benefits of online two-sided markets, and their ability to offset a pent-up demand, especially among Generation Y. Recommendations to prompt provincial art market players to sustain the positive externalities of the crisis in the long run are provided.
On Interpretation and Appreciation. A European Human Rights Perspective on Dobbs
Authors: Buijsen Martin
Published: January 2023

In June 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned Roe v. Wade. The European Court of Human Rights is also expected to decide on several abortion cases. In this paper, the interpretative approaches of both courts are compared. Whereas the U.S. Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decided on an originalist approach to the Constitution, the highest European court has always regarded the European Convention on Human Rights as a living instrument. As a result, domestic laws regulating the interruption of pregnancy are seen by the Strasbourg court as interferences with a fundamental right, the right to respect for private life. Although member states of the Council of Europe enjoy a wide margin of appreciation with regard to the circumstances in which abortion will be permitted, its highest court put forward the state’s positive obligation to secure pregnant women’s right to effective respect for their physical and psychological integrity in several landmark judgments. In this way, it ensures the existence of effective mechanisms in countries with a poor record of implementing the right to a lawful abortion. Albeit at a minimum, the Strasbourg court offers protection, whereas the U.S. Supreme Court no longer does.
Electrocardiographic changes in hospitalised children with COVID-19
Authors: Avcu Gulhadiye , Arslan Aslı , Bal Zumrut Sahbudak , Ay Oguzhan , Levent Erturk , Ozkinay Ferda , Kurugol Zafer
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

Cardiac manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have mainly been reported in adults. Therefore, we aimed to determine the electrocardiographic abnormalities in hospitalised paediatric patients with COVID-19 and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated hospitalised paediatric patients <18 years of age with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (n = 168) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (n = 48) between March 2021 and December 2021. A daily electrocardiography was performed for the patients who had electrocardiographic abnormalities on admission or developed electrocardiographic abnormality on the follow-up. The characteristics of these patients, underlying predisposing conditions, and clinical course were also examined.

Results:

Two-hundred sixteen paediatric patients (55% were male) with a mean age of 10.7 ± 4.69 years were evaluated. There was an underlying disease in 84 (38.8%) patients and 51 (23.6%) required paediatric ICU admission. Electrocardiography abnormality was detected in 12 (5.5%) which were as follows: 7 (3.2%) had sinus bradycardia, 3 (1.4%) patients had transient ST elevation and concomitant T negativity, and 2 (0.9%) developed first-degree Atrioventricular (AV) block. The median time from the onset of disease symptoms to detecting electrocardiographic abnormality was 9 days. Electrocardiographic abnormalities returned to normal uneventfully 3 days later.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of arrhythmia in paediatric patients with COVID-19 was detected in 5.5% of the patients. While two-thirds of the electrocardiography abnormalities were sinus bradycardia, ST elevation was remarkable (1.4%). Clinicians should be aware of electrocardiographic abnormalities and consider electrocardiographic monitoring in paediatric patients with COVID-19 and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children.
Can depressed cancer patients with a borderline thiamine concentration develop deficiency within a short time period?
Authors: Uchida Nozomu , Ishida Mayumi , Yoshioka Akira , Sato Izumi , Ito Hiroshi , Onizawa Nobuyuki , Sato Ryota , Mizunuma Naoki , Onishi Hideki
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite increasing reports of thiamine deficiency (TD) among cancer patients, there remain some patients with borderline thiamine concentrations (BTC). However, it is unclear whether such patients subsequently develop TD.

Methods

Here, we report cases of cancer patients progressing to TD within a short time period after presentation with BTC (24–28 ng/ml).

Results

Case 1

A 49-year-old female with lung cancer. During treatment for depression, the patient showed a decreased appetite, and a blood sample revealed BTC (25 ng/ml). Fourteen days later, she reported a continued loss of appetite, and despite the absence of the 3 classical signs of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), additional testing showed a thiamine level of 23 ng/ml, leading to a diagnosis of TD.

Case 2

A 65-year-old female developed depression during chemotherapy for angiosarcoma. Her blood sample revealed BTC (25 ng/ml). Seven days later, despite the absence of the classical signs of WE, a further testing revealed a thiamine level of 20 ng/ml.

Case 3

A 41-year-old female developed depression during chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. No loss of appetite was observed, but a blood sample revealed BTC (25 ng/ml). Seven days later, despite the absence of the classical signs of WE or decreased appetite, further testing revealed a thiamine level of 19 ng/ml.

Significance of results

Depressed cancer patients with BTC may develop TD within a short time frame. To prevent TD, health-care professionals should maintain an awareness of its potential and the need for regular testing of thiamine level or prophylactic replacement therapy.
A method to quantify the reduction of back and hip muscle fatigue of lift-support exoskeletons
Authors: van Sluijs Rachel M. , Rodriguez-Cianca David , Sanz-Morère Clara B. , Massardi Stefano , Bartenbach Volker , Torricelli Diego
Published: January 2023

Cumulative back muscle fatigue plays a role in the occurrence of low-back injuries in occupations that require repetitive lifting of heavy loads and working in forward leaning postures. Lift-support exoskeletons have the potential to reduce back and hip muscle activity, thereby delaying the onset of fatigue in these muscles. Therefore, exoskeletons are being considered a potentially important tool to further reduce workload-related injuries. However, today no standards have been established on how to benchmark the support level of lift-support exoskeletons. This work proposes an experimental protocol to quantify the support level of a lift-support exoskeletons on instant changes in muscle activity and fatigue development while maintaining a static forward leaning posture. It then applies the protocol to experimentally assess the effect of the support provided by a commercially available lift-support exoskeleton, the LiftSuit 2.0 (Auxivo AG, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland), on the user. In a sample of 14 participants, the amplitude of the muscle activity of the back muscles

$ \left({\Delta}_{\mathrm{erectorspinae},\mathrm{thoracic}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 33.0\%,{\Delta}_{\mathrm{erectorspinae},\mathrm{lumbar}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 13.2\%\right) $

and hip muscles (

$ {\Delta}_{\mathrm{gluteusmaximus}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 16.3\% $

) was significantly reduced. Wearing the exoskeleton significantly reduced the amount of fatigue developed during the task (

$ {\Delta}_{\mathrm{quadratuslumborum}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 10.1\%,{\Delta}_{\mathrm{gluteusmaximus}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 44.0\% $

). Changes in muscle fatigue can be objectively recorded and correlated with relevant changes for exoskeleton users: the time a task can be performed and perceived low-back fatigue. Thus, including such measures of fatigue in standardized benchmarking procedures will help quantify the benefits of exoskeletons for occupational use.
Führen in Veränderungsprozessen
Authors: Stegmaier Ralf
Published: January 2023

Der Umgang mit Veränderungsprozessen ist zum festen Bestandteil des Arbeitsalltags geworden. Irgendetwas wird immer verändert, seien es Arbeitsaufgaben, Technologien, Geschäftsprozesse, Strukturen oder auch die Kultur einer Organisation. Man möchte hierdurch die Produktivität steigern, Bürokratie abbauen, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit verbessern, Qualität bzw. Innovationen fördern und vieles mehr. Inwieweit man diese Ziele auch erreicht, hängt sehr stark davon ab, ob der Wandel auf breiter Basis akzeptiert und unterstützt wird. Führungskräfte und Verantwortliche für Change-Projekte, Organisations- oder Führungskräfteentwicklung können als „Change Leader“ durch die Art, wie sie führen, entscheidend zum Gelingen beitragen.
Das Führen in Veränderungsprozessen wird in diesem Ratgeber entlang von sechs Handlungsfeldern strukturiert: (1) Individuelle Reaktionen Change-Betroffener verstehen, (2) Potenziale von Achtsamkeit in Veränderungsprozessen nutzen, (3) den Wandel klug organisieren, (4) wertschätzend handeln, (5) Verhaltensänderung unterstützen und (6) Kreativität fördern. Die Kapitel sind handlungsorientiert strukturiert und berücksichtigen Erkenntnisse aus der psychologischen Forschung. Reflexionsfragen, Checklisten, Arbeitsblätter und Übungen am Ende jedes Kapitels regen zur Reflexion der Inhalte an und unterstützen den Transfer in die Praxis.
Psychodynamische Psychotherapie am Lebensende
Authors: Vogel Ralf T.
Published: January 2023

Die demografischen Veränderungen und die medizinischen Fortschritte hinsichtlich einer Verlängerung der Lebenserwartung wirken sich zunehmend auf die psychotherapeutische Praxis aus. Immer häufiger werden psychotherapeutisch Tätige von Patientinnen und Patienten an deren Lebensende und mit schwersten Erkrankungen aufgesucht und auch in Kliniken und Hospizen wächst die Nachfrage nach psychodynamischer Kompetenz im Kontext von Tod und Sterben. Das vorliegende Buch ermöglicht eine psychodynamisch ausgerichtete Reflexion des eigenen Handelns, eine fundierte Erweiterung der therapeutischen Verstehens- und Handlungskompetenzen sowie eine Verknüpfung von psychodynamischer Theorie und therapeutischer Praxis im Umgang mit dem Lebensende.
Unter Einbeziehung soziologischer und philosophischer Grundlagen werden thanatopsychologisch relevante wissenschaftliche Studien dargestellt ebenso wie klassische und moderne psychodynamische Theorien zum Todesthema. Weitere Kapitel thematisieren typische Inhalte einer Psychotherapie am Lebensende, wie Affekte, existenzielle Themen und Suizidalität. Abschließend gibt der Band einen anwendungsbezogenen Überblick über das Vorgehen und die Methoden in der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit.
Das Buch bietet somit eine wertvolle Übersicht und Hilfestellung für praktisch Tätige im Bereich der Psychotherapie, Psychoonkologie und Palliativmedizin sowie für andere Berufsgruppen, die Menschen am Lebensende betreuen und begleiten.
Missing Rainfall Extremes in Commercial Microwave Link Data Due To Complete Loss of Signal
Authors: Polz Julius , Graf Maximilian , Chwala Christian
Published: January 2023

An important aspect of rainfall estimation is to accurately capture extreme events. Commercial microwave links (CMLs) can complement weather radar and rain gauge data by estimating path‐averaged rainfall intensities near ground. Our aim with this paper was to investigate attenuation induced complete loss of signal (blackout) in the CML data. This effect can occur during heavy rain events and leads to missing extreme values. We analyzed 3 years of attenuation data from 4,000 CMLs in Germany and compared it to a weather radar derived attenuation climatology covering 20 years. We observed that the average CML experiences 8.5 times more blackouts than we would have expected from the radar derived climatology. Blackouts did occur more often for longer CMLs (e.g., >10 km) despite their increased dynamic range. Therefore, both the hydrometeorological community and network providers can consider our analysis to develop mitigation measures.
Global Asymmetry in ΔX Variations During the 06 April 2000 Geomagnetic Storm: Relative Roles of IMF Bz and By
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Chakrabarty D.
Published: January 2023

This investigation is directed to understand the asymmetry in ΔX variations caused due to the relative roles played by Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) Bz and IMF By in a particular interval (22:22–22:55 UT), during the main phase of a strong geomagnetic storm event of 06 April 2000 (Ap = 236). Two pairs of antipodal stations, being part of the SuperMAG network, are considered here. Ionospheric convection maps from SuperDARN network are used to understand spatio‐temporal evolution of the DP2 ionospheric convection patterns over high‐latitudes. The two‐dimensional maps of equivalent currents are used to show signatures of global DP2 currents associated with the interplay effect between the two IMF components. Observations show increases in the difference in ΔX variations between nearly antipodal stations from the Japanese‐European/African sector with respect to the same between the nearly antipodal stations from the Pacific/American‐Indian sector. This asymmetry is observed during the period when the absolute magnitude of IMF By is larger than that of IMF Bz resulting in a significant and conspicuous enhancement in IMF |By/Bz|. It is suggested that the distortions in DP2 cells and associated rotation of electrodynamic day‐night divider, bring one pair of stations under the same DP2 cell and one station of the other pair under a different DP2 cell and throat flow region leading to the asymmetry in ΔX variations between the antipodal stations. Therefore, the work highlights the importance of the interplay between IMF Bz and IMF By in determining the ionospheric impact over low latitudes during strong geomagnetic conditions.
Observations of Autumnal Cooling in a Large Estuary
Authors: Ilia Amin , McCardell Grant , Howard‐Strobel Mary , O'Donnell James
Published: January 2023

Seasonal variations in solar insolation and wind create an annual water temperature cycle that impacts circulation and biological processes. The waters of Long Island Sound (LIS) warm from March‐February until August‐October and then begin to cool. Ship surveys show that the vertical temperature structure becomes almost uniform during this season when the area experiences low air temperatures and high winds. However, no observations have resolved the temporal evolution of the vertical structure of temperature during these cooling periods because conditions inhibit ship operations. We report glider measurements of the vertical structure of water temperatures and salinities from 22 October to 4 November 2014, in eastern LIS. We find that 20 m of water can cool at approximately during intervals of cold air and strong winds. We use the data to estimate heat content tendencies and infer surface fluxes. We also estimate the surface heat fluxes using buoy‐mounted instruments and show they are consistent. The net heat flux to the atmosphere exceeds 600 W/m2 during the gilder deployment and approximately 66% of this is due to latent heat transfer. Using the buoy fluxes and products of an operation regional model, we show that the agreement with the fluxes derived from heat budget is improved by using local wind observations. In addition to confirming the extremely large cooling rates, our results demonstrate that gliders can be used in a complex region with strong tidal currents to resolve the temperature structure and heat budget during the severe weather of the cooling season.
Interactions Between Internal Tidal Bores and Submesoscale Currents on the Continental Shelf
Authors: Dauhajre Daniel P. , McWilliams James C. , Hypolite Delphine
Published: January 2023

A realistic simulation of Central California reveals interactions between shoaling internal tidal bores and submesoscale currents on the inner‐shelf (approximately 30–60 m depth). These interactions comprise collisions between internal tidal upwelling, “forward” bores (FBs) with submesoscale currents (SMCs) in the form of surface layer density fronts or filaments with downwelling secondary circulation. Along‐shore oriented FBs collide with both cross‐shore (perpendicular interaction) or along‐shore (parallel interaction) oriented SMCs. In perpendicular interaction, FBs colliding into cross‐shore oriented SMCs refract around the offshore tip of the downwelling front or filament. SMCs generally survive perpendicular interaction, despite partial disruption of downwelling secondary circulation by FBs. An example of parallel interaction demonstrates regional wind regulating the competition between FBs and SMCs to set cross‐shore stratification structure. This example comprises (a) blocking of FB propagation by elevated mixing (strong wind) and dense filament formation on the inner‐shelf and (b) the subsequent destruction of the dense filament that is initiated by a decrease in vertical mixing (weakening wind) and completed by renewed FB propagation underneath it. For both perpendicular and parallel interaction, FB propagation is modulated by a varying medium introduced by SMC density and current structure. The computational evidence of these interactions corroborates recent observations of interactions between small‐scale, nearshore currents in the real ocean. This study motivates further exploration of interactions between fronts, filaments, internal tidal bores, and vortices in the nearshore.
Application of Recurrent Neural Networks to Model Bias Correction: Idealized Experiments With the Lorenz‐96 Model
Authors: Amemiya A. , Shlok M. , Miyoshi T.
Published: January 2023

Systematic biases in numerical weather prediction models cause forecast deviation from reality. While model biases also affect data assimilation and degrade the analysis accuracy, observation information incorporated through data assimilation can provide information for detecting and alleviating such biases. In this study, the application of machine learning to model bias correction is demonstrated, emphasizing the effectiveness of recurrent neural networks. Idealized experiments are performed using the two‐scale coupled Lorenz‐96 model as the true system and single Lorenz‐96 model as the imperfect forecast model, to compare the effectiveness of bias correction methods based on various architectures of neural networks and simple linear regression. The neural networks generally outperformed linear regression, and recurrent neural networks showed the best ability in finding the systematic bias component from the analysis increment data. Bias correction using the recurrent neural networks also gives the most significant improvement in reducing the error growth rate in extended range forecasts. The results suggest that including past time series of the forecast variables improve model bias correction when limited information of the observation is incorporated through data assimilation.
Competing Effect of Radiative and Moisture Feedback in Convective Aggregation States in Two CRMs
Authors: Cerlini P. Bongioannini , Saraceni M. , Silvestri L.
Published: January 2023

The radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) of two models exhibiting convective aggregation has been compared. The goal of the work, following the suggestion from the RCE Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP), is to identify key parameters controlling self‐aggregation in RCE for both models, to discuss the processes controlled by these parameters and to underline the models similarities and differences. The two cloud resolving models studied, the SAM (System for Atmospheric Modeling) and the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System), present similar statistics concerning precipitation, but different warming, and drying of the atmosphere, within the spread of the RCEMIP values. On the other hand, the two models show different strengths of the moisture feedback, due to the different saturation of the sub‐cloud layer. A saturated sub‐cloud layer in ARPS (which was not artificially imposed in the numerical setup) allows the localization of convection in moist regions, by weakening the negative influence of cold pools. Such a mechanism leads to a lower degree of aggregation (based on three organization metrics) and a weaker effect of the organized state on the average domain statistics in ARPS. Stronger cold pools in SAM, instead, help the creation of shallow clouds in dry regions, increasing the longwave feedback responsible for their expansion; while delocalizing convection in moist regions and therefore opposing high‐cloud radiative‐feedback. Further experiments are needed to generalize such findings to other RCEMIP models, also investigating the role of microphysics and turbulence schemes in regulating such mechanisms.
Estimating Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Southern Brazil Using 3‐D Earth Resistivity Model
Authors: Espinosa Karen V. , Padilha Antonio L. , Alves Livia R. , Schultz Adam , Kelbert Anna
Published: January 2023

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) result from the interaction of the time variation of ground magnetic field during a geomagnetic disturbance with the Earth's deep electrical resistivity structure. In this study, we simulate induced GICs in a hypothetical representation of a low‐latitude power transmission network located mainly over the large Paleozoic Paraná basin (PB) in southern Brazil. Two intense geomagnetic storms in June and December 2015 are chosen and geoelectric fields are calculated by convolving a three‐dimensional (3‐D) Earth resistivity model with recorded geomagnetic variations. The dB/dt proxy often used to characterize GIC activity fails during the June storm mainly due to the relationship of the instantaneous geoelectric field to previous magnetic field values. Precise resistances of network components are unknown, so assumptions are made for calculating GIC flows from the derived geoelectric field. The largest GICs are modeled in regions of low conductance in the 3‐D resistivity model, concentrated in an isolated substation at the northern edge of the network and in a cluster of substations in its central part where the east‐west (E‐W) oriented transmission lines coincide with the orientation of the instantaneous geoelectric field. The maximum magnitude of the modeled GIC was obtained during the main phase of the June storm, modeled at a northern substation, while the lowest magnitudes were found over prominent crustal anomalies along the PB axis and bordering the continental margin. The simulation results will be used to prospect the optimal substations for installation of GIC monitoring equipment.
Whole-brain tracking of cocaine and sugar rewards processing
Authors: Bijoch Łukasz , Klos Joanna , Pawłowska Monika , Wiśniewska Justyna , Legutko Diana , Szachowicz Urszula , Kaczmarek Leszek , Beroun Anna
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Natural rewards, such as food, and sex are appetitive stimuli available for animals in their natural environment. Similarly, addictive rewards such as drugs of abuse possess strong, positive valence, but their action relies on their pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, it is believed that both of these kinds of rewards activate similar brain circuitry. The present study aimed to discover which parts of the brain process the experience of natural and addictive rewards. To holistically address this question, we used a single-cell whole-brain imaging approach to find patterns of activation for acute and prolonged sucrose and cocaine exposure. We analyzed almost 400 brain structures and created a brain-wide map of specific, c-Fos-positive neurons engaged by these rewards. Acute but not prolonged sucrose exposure triggered a massive c-Fos expression throughout the brain. Cocaine exposure on the other hand potentiated c-Fos expression with prolonged use, engaging more structures than sucrose treatment. The functional connectivity analysis unraveled an increase in brain modularity after the initial exposure to both types of rewards. This modularity was increased after repeated cocaine, but not sucrose, intake. To check whether discrepancies between the processing of both types of rewards can be found on a cellular level, we further studied the nucleus accumbens, one of the most strongly activated brain structures by both sucrose and cocaine experience. We found a high overlap between natural and addictive rewards on the level of c-Fos expression. Electrophysiological measurements of cellular correlates of synaptic plasticity revealed that natural and addictive rewards alike induce the accumulation of silent synapses. These results strengthen the hypothesis that in the nucleus accumbens drugs of abuse cause maladaptive neuronal plasticity in the circuitry that typically processes natural rewards.
NEDD8-conjugating enzyme E2s: critical targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhou Lisha , Lin Xiongzhi , Zhu Jin , Zhang Luyi , Chen Siyuan , Yang Hui , Jia Lijun , Chen Baofu
Published: January 2023

NEDD8-conjugating enzymes, E2s, include the well-studied ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 M (UBE2M) and the poorly characterized ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 F (UBE2F). UBE2M and UBE2F have distinct and prominent roles in catalyzing the neddylation of Cullin or non-Cullin substrates. These enzymes are overexpressed in various malignancies, conferring a worse overall survival. Targeting UBE2M to influence tumor growth by either modulating several biological responses of tumor cells (such as DNA-damage response, apoptosis, or senescence) or regulating the anti-tumor immunity holds strong therapeutic potential. Multiple inhibitors that target the interaction between UBE2M and defective cullin neddylation protein 1 (DCN1), a co-E3 for neddylation, exhibit promising anti-tumor effects. By contrast, the potential benefits of targeting UBE2F are still to be explored. It is currently reported to inhibit apoptosis and then induce cell growth; hence, targeting UBE2F serves as an effective chemo-/radiosensitizing strategy by triggering apoptosis. This review highlights the most recent advances in the roles of UBE2M and UBE2F in tumor progression, indicating these E2s as two promising anti-tumor targets.
The transcription factor ATF3 switches cell death from apoptosis to necroptosis in hepatic steatosis in male mice
Authors: Inaba Yuka , Hashiuchi Emi , Watanabe Hitoshi , Kimura Kumi , Oshima Yu , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Murai Shin , Takahashi Chiaki , Matsumoto Michihiro , Kitajima Shigetaka , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Honda Masao , Asahara Shun-ichiro , Ravnskjaer Kim , Horike Shin-ichi , Kaneko Shuichi , Kasuga Masato , Nakano Hiroyasu , Harada Kenichi , Inoue Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Hepatocellular death increases with hepatic steatosis aggravation, although its regulation remains unclear. Here we show that hepatic steatosis aggravation shifts the hepatocellular death mode from apoptosis to necroptosis, causing increased hepatocellular death. Our results reveal that the transcription factor ATF3 acts as a master regulator in this shift by inducing expression of RIPK3, a regulator of necroptosis. In severe hepatic steatosis, after partial hepatectomy, hepatic ATF3-deficient or -overexpressing mice display decreased or increased RIPK3 expression and necroptosis, respectively. In cultured hepatocytes, ATF3 changes TNFα-dependent cell death mode from apoptosis to necroptosis, as revealed by live-cell imaging. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice, hepatic ATF3 deficiency suppresses RIPK3 expression and hepatocellular death. In human NASH, hepatocellular damage is correlated with the frequency of hepatocytes expressing ATF3 or RIPK3, which overlap frequently. ATF3-dependent RIPK3 induction, causing a modal shift of hepatocellular death, can be a therapeutic target for steatosis-induced liver damage, including NASH.
Isolation of pseudocapacitive surface processes at monolayer MXene flakes reveals delocalized charging mechanism
Authors: Brunet Cabré Marc , Spurling Dahnan , Martinuz Pietro , Longhi Mariangela , Schröder Christian , Nolan Hugo , Nicolosi Valeria , Colavita Paula E. , McKelvey Kim
Published: January 2023

Pseudocapacitive charge storage in Ti3C2Tx MXenes in acid electrolytes is typically described as involving proton intercalation/deintercalation accompanied by redox switching of the Ti centres and protonation/deprotonation of oxygen functional groups. Here we conduct nanoscale electrochemical measurements in a unique experimental configuration, restricting the electrochemical contact area to a small subregion (0.3 µm2) of a monolayer Ti3C2Tx flake. In this unique configuration, proton intercalation into interlayer spaces is not possible, and surface processes are isolated from the bulk processes, characteristic of macroscale electrodes. Analysis of the pseudocapacitive response of differently sized MXene flakes indicates that entire MXene flakes are charged through electrochemical contact of only a small basal plane subregion, corresponding to as little as 3% of the flake surface area. Our observation of pseudocapacitive charging outside the electrochemical contact area is suggestive of a fast transport of protons mechanism across the MXene surface.
Electricity-driven asymmetric bromocyclization enabled by chiral phosphate anion phase-transfer catalysis
Authors: Tan Xuefeng , Wang Qingli , Sun Jianwei
Published: January 2023

Electricity-driven asymmetric catalysis is an emerging powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, asymmetric induction so far has mainly relied on forming strong bonds with a chiral catalyst. Asymmetry induced by weak interactions with a chiral catalyst in an electrochemical medium remains challenging due to compatibility issues related to solvent polarity, electrolyte interference, etc. Enabled by a properly designed phase-transfer strategy, here we have achieved two efficient electricity-driven catalytic asymmetric bromocyclization processes induced by weak ion-pairing interaction. The combined use of a phase-transfer catalyst and a chiral phosphate catalyst, together with NaBr as the bromine source, constitutes the key advantages over the conventional chemical oxidation approach. Synergy over multiple events, including anodic oxidation, ion exchange, phase transfer, asymmetric bromination, and inhibition of Br2 decomposition by NaHCO3, proved critical to the success.
Reversible bipolar thermopower of ionic thermoelectric polymer composite for cyclic energy generation
Authors: Chi Cheng , Liu Gongze , An Meng , Zhang Yufeng , Song Dongxing , Qi Xin , Zhao Chunyu , Wang Zequn , Du Yanzheng , Lin Zizhen , Lu Yang , Huang He , Li Yang , Lin Chongjia , Ma Weigang , Huang Baoling , Du Xiaoze , Zhang Xing
Published: January 2023

The giant thermopower of ionic thermoelectric materials has attracted great attention for waste-heat recovery technologies. However, generating cyclic power by ionic thermoelectric modules remains challenging, since the ions cannot travel across the electrode interface. Here, we reported a reversible bipolar thermopower (+20.2 mV K−1 to −10.2 mV K−1) of the same composite by manipulating the interactions of ions and electrodes. Meanwhile, a promising ionic thermoelectric generator was proposed to achieve cyclic power generation under a constant heat course only by switching the external electrodes that can effectively realize the alternating dominated thermodiffusion of cations and anions. It eliminates the necessity to change the thermal contact between material and heat, nor does it require re-establish the temperature differences, which can favor improving the efficiency of the ionic thermoelectrics. Furthermore, the developed micro-thermal sensors demonstrated high sensitivity and responsivity in light detecting, presenting innovative impacts on exploring next-generation ionic thermoelectric devices.