bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Showing Pathological Complete Response to Lenvatinib Monotherapy
Authors: Shintani Hiroshi , Oura Shoji , Makimoto Shinichiro
Published: June 2021

A 61-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to the liver dysfunction without hepatitis B or C infection. In addition to the elevated levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II, a large tumor, 10.8 cm in size, and multiple small tumors, up to 1.6 cm in size, in the liver on computed tomography (CT) led to the diagnosis of unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Levatinib monotherapy resulted in complete disappearance of the small liver tumors and marked shrinkage of the largest tumor with complete disappearance of intratumoral enhancement on CT and normalization of serum AFP levels. After 2 months’ cessation of lenvatinib monotherapy due to side effects, the patient underwent residual tumor resection. The pathological findings showed no viable tumor cells, i.e. pathological complete response. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the twelfth day after the operation without any complication. Lenvatinib monotherapy appears to be more effective for HCC than other conventional treatments. In addition, oncologists should take into consideration the possibility of pathological complete response with newly developed anticancer agents including lenvatinib to develop therapeutic strategies to avoid unnecessary overtreatment.
International Practice Recommendations for the Recognition and Management of Hearing and Vision Impairment in People with Dementia
Authors: Littlejohn Jenna , Bowen Michael , Constantinidou Fofi , Dawes Piers , Dickinson Christine , Heyn Patricia , Hooper Emma , Hopper Tammy , Hubbard Isabel , Langenbahn Donna , Nieman Carrie L. , Rajagopal Manoj , Thodi Chryssoula , Weinstein Barbara , Wittich Walter , Leroi Iracema
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Hearing, vision, and cognitive impairment commonly co-occur in older people. However, the rate of recognition and appropriate management of combined hearing and vision impairment in people with dementia impairment is low. The aim of this work was to codevelop internationally relevant, multidisciplinary practice recommendations for professionals involved in the diagnosis, care, and management of older people with these concurrent conditions. Methods: We applied consensus methods with professional and lay expert stakeholders, using an adapted version of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. The development involved 4 phases and included: (1) collating existing evidence, (2) filling the gaps in evidence, (3) prioritising evidence, and (4) refining the final list of recommendations. Each phase encompassed various methodologies including a review of existing guidelines within the 3 clinical domains, systematic reviews, qualitative studies, a clinical professional consortium, surveys, and consensus meetings with interdisciplinary domain experts. Results: The task force evaluated an initial list of 26 recommendations, ranking them in the order of priority. A consensus was reached on 15 recommendations, which are classified into 6 domains of “awareness and knowledge,” “recognition and detection,” “evaluation,” “management,” “support,” and “services and policies.” Pragmatic options for implementation for each domain were then developed. Conclusion: This is the first set of international, interdisciplinary practice recommendations that will guide the development of multidisciplinary services and policy to improve the lives of people with dementia and hearing and vision impairment.
Polypharmacy and the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Min Hyang Ki , Sung Su Ah , Chung Wookyung , Kim Yeong Hoon , Chae Dong-Wan , Ahn Curie , Oh Kook-Hwan , Park Sue K. , Lee Sung Woo
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The renal hazard of polypharmacy has never been evaluated in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Objective: We aimed to analyze the renal hazard of polypharmacy in predialysis CKD patients with stage 1–5. Method: The data of 2,238 patients from a large-scale multicenter prospective Korean study (2011–2016), excluding 325 patients with various missing data, were reviewed. Polypharmacy was defined as taking 6 or more medications at the time of enrollment; renal events were defined as a ≥50% decrease in kidney function from baseline values, doubling of the serum creatinine levels, or initiation of renal replacement treatment. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis. Results: Of the 1,913 patients, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 53.6 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean medication count was 4.1, and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 27.1%. During the average period of 3.6 years, 520 patients developed renal events (27.2%). Although increased medication counts were associated with increased renal hazard with HR (95% CI) of 1.056 (1.007–1.107, p = 0.025), even after adjusting for various confounders, adding comorbidity score and kidney function nullified the statistical significance. In mediation analysis, 55.6% (p = 0.016) of renal hazard in increased medication counts was mediated by the kidney function, and there was no direct effect of medication counts on renal event development. In subgroup analysis, the renal hazard of the medication counts was evident only in stage 1–3 of CKD patients (p for interaction = 0.014). Conclusions: We cannot identify the direct renal hazard of multiple medications, and most of the potential renal hazard was derived from intimate relationship with disease burden and kidney function.
Metabolic Acidosis in Patients with CKD: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
Authors: Adamczak Marcin , Surma Stanisław
Published: June 2021

Background: Metabolic acidosis in CKD is diagnosed in patients with plasma or venous blood bicarbonate concentration lower than 22 mmol/L. Metabolic acidosis occurs in about 20% of patients with CKD. Metabolic acidosis may lead to dysfunction of many systems and organs as well as CKD progression. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used for pharmacological treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Veverimer is a new drug dedicated to treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Orally given veverimer binds hydrogen ions in the intestines and subsequently is excreted from the body with feces. Clinical studies have shown that veverimer is effective in increasing serum bicarbonate concentrations in CKD patients with metabolic acidosis. Here, we present review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients. Summary: Metabolic acidosis is common in patients with CKD and contributes to CKD progression and many complications, which worsen the prognosis in these patients. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used in metabolic acidosis treatment. The role of the new drug veverimer in the metabolic acidosis therapy needs further studies. Key Message: The aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients.
Swiss Recommendations for the Follow-Up and Treatment of Pulmonary Long COVID
Authors: Funke-Chambour Manuela , Bridevaux Pierre-Olivier , Clarenbach Christian F. , Soccal Paola M. , Nicod Laurent P. , von Garnier Christophe ,   on behalf of the Swiss COVID Lung Study Group and the Swiss Society of Pulmonology
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that long-term pulmonary symptoms and functional impairment occurs in a proportion of individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although the proportion of affected patients remains to be determined, physicians are increasingly being confronted with patients reporting respiratory symptoms and impairment beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. In face of limited evidence, the Swiss Society for Pulmonology established a working group to address this area of unmet need and formulated diagnostic and treatment recommendations for the care of patients with pulmonary long COVID (LC). Method: The Swiss COVID Lung Study group and Swiss Society for Pulmonology (SSP) formulated 13 questions addressing the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary LC. A survey within the SSP special interest groups involved in care of LC patients was conducted in Switzerland. A CORE process/Delphi-like process was used to formulate recommendations. Forty experienced pulmonologists replied to the first survey and 22 completed the second follow-up survey. Agreement of ≥70% consensus led to formulation of a recommendation. Results: The participants in the survey reached consensus and formulated a strong recommendation for regarding the following points. Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 should have a pulmonary assessment including pulmonary function tests. Symptomatic subjects affected by COVID-19, including those with mild disease, should benefit from a pulmonary follow-up. Persistent respiratory symptoms after COVID-19 should be investigated by a pulmonary follow-up including plethysmography, diffusion capacity measurement, and blood gases analysis. Individuals having suffered from COVID-19 and who present with persistent respiratory symptoms should be offered a rehabilitation. Additional questions were given moderateor weak recommendations for. The panel did not reach sufficient consensus for pharmacological therapy (e.g., therapy specifically targeting lung fibrosis) to formulate recommendations for LC drug treatment. Conclusion: The formulated recommendations should serve as an interim guidance to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary LC. As new evidence emerges, these recommendations may need to be adapted.
Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey
Authors: Baksi Nazan , Simsek Aynur
Published: June 2021

Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat’s conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Topiwala Karan K. , Patel Smit D. , Pervez Mubashir , Shovlin Claire L. , Alberts Mark J.
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are a treatable cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), not mentioned in current American Heart/Stroke Association guidelines. PAVFs are recognized as an important complication of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Methods:

The prevalence of PAVF and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia among patients admitted with AIS in the United States (2005–2014) was retrospectively studied, utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Clinical factors, morbidity, mortality, and management were compared in AIS patients with and without PAVF/hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Results:

Of 4 271 910 patients admitted with AIS, 822 (0.02%) were diagnosed with PAVF. Among them, 106 of 822 (12.9%) were diagnosed with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. The prevalence of PAVF per million AIS admissions rose from 197 in 2005 to 368 in 2014 (
P
trend
, 0.026). Patients with PAVF were younger than AIS patients without PAVF (median age, 57.5 versus 72.5 years), had lower age-adjusted inpatient morbidity (defined as any discharge other than home; 39.6% versus 46.9%), and had lower in-hospital case fatality rates (1.8% versus 5.1%). Multivariate analyses identified the following as independent risk markers (odds ratio [95% CI]) for AIS in patients with PAVF: hypoxemia (8.4 [6.3–11.2]), pulmonary hemorrhage (7.9 [4.1–15.1]), pulmonary hypertension (4.3 [4.1–15.1]), patent foramen ovale (4.2 [3.5–5.1]), epistaxis (3.7 [2.1–6.8]), venous thrombosis (2.6 [1.9–3.6]), and iron deficiency anemia (2 [1.5–2.7]). Patients with and without PAVF received intravenous thrombolytics at a similar rate (5.9% versus 5.8%), but those with PAVF did not receive mechanical thrombectomy (0% versus 0.7%).

Conclusions:

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula–related ischemic stroke represents an important younger demographic with a unique set of stroke risk markers, including treatable conditions such as causal PAVFs and iron deficiency anemia.
Europeanization of General Administrative Procedure in Serbia
Authors: Davinić Marko , Cucić Vuk
Published: June 2021

Serbia (as well as other countries of the Western Balkan region) recently adopted the new General Administrative Procedure Act (gapa). The drafting and adoption process was strongly influenced by the European Union and its experts from the sigma organization. The paper first analyzes the novelties introduced and improvements made under European influence. The authors then go on to analyze deficiencies of European influence in the drafting process. Two main shortcomings thereof were the false deregulation and debureaucratization of gapa and the ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach applied in all the countries of the Western Balkan region, in spite of inherent differences in their legal systems. The purpose of the criticism given in the paper is to avoid the same issues in the future, during the process of harmonization of Serbian law with the acquis communautaire.
The Class Action in Lithuania and Poland: History, Experiences and Lessons
Authors: Nekrošius Vytautas , Flaga-Gieruszyńska Kinga
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the peculiarities of the regulation of Class Action institution in the civil proceedings of Lithuania and Poland. Due to its limited scope, this article investigates the civil proceedings in the first instance courts only. The authors draw a special focus on the comparative analysis and the analysis of the effectiveness of the procedure in the current regulation by investigating both the doctrine and the available limited case law. The subject of considerations are problems relating both to the admissibility of filing a class action, as well as the course of court proceedings in cases concerning group proceedings, with particular emphasis on their differences from other procedural structures in Poland and Lithuania.
Some Developments and Issues after the Adoption of UNCLOS
Authors: Tuerk Helmut
Published: June 2021

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is a framework treaty and a number of its provisions lend themselves to divergent interpretations. There are developments that had not been foreseen at the time of its adoption. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has made a substantive contribution to the development of the law of the sea by its jurisprudence, including advisory opinions. The issue of the regime of islands, which has in particular arisen in the South China Sea, is still highly controversial and no consistent State practice exists. A largely unresolved and complex question is that of the limits of the international seabed Area as the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) is overburdened by a tremendous and unforeseen heavy workload. The issue of Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs) in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ), of which there was no knowledge at the time of the elaboration of UNCLOS, remains to be resolved by a further implementation agreement to UNCLOS currently under negotiation.
Psychosomatic Pain? The Meanings of Musculoskeletal Affliction in Finnish Medicine, ca. 1950–2000
Authors: Hyrkäs Eve-Riina
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, pain has received extensive attention from historians. However, the boundary work between organic and psychogenic pain has been less studied. To address the mind–body problem in the history of pain, this article examines how Finnish physicians in the latter half of the twentieth century have applied the psychosomatic framework to three painful conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, chronic backache and fibromyalgia. Through the interrelated case studies, it is argued that the medical discussion on musculoskeletal pain reflected social and economic interests and values that evolved in the course of the twentieth century. The psychogenic illness explanation compelled physicians to step outside the confines of biomedical rationale. Therefore, the descriptions of the ‘mind’ behind the ‘body’ render conspicuous for historians the values, moral norms and social expectations that underlie biomedicine.
Pogostemon monticola (Lamiaceae; Lamioideae), a new species from Taiwan
Authors: LIU SHIH-HUI , HSU TIAN-CHUAN , HUANG WEI-JIE , CHUNG SHIH-WEN
Published: June 2021

A novel species, Pogostemon monticola (Lamiaceae; Lamioideae), is described from Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS and five cpDNA regions supports its monophyletic status and a close relationship with P. amaranthoides, P. chinensis, P. formosanus and P. septentrionalis. Detailed morphological comparison between the new species and the four closely related taxa is presented.
A revision of the Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F. , KLEIN DAVID-PAUL , SHTEIN RONEN
Published: June 2021

A revision of the exclusively Malagasy Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) is presented, along with a detailed discussion of its history, nomenclature, taxonomy, and circumscription. We uphold Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia as one of four subgenera that are presently recognised in the genus, the other three being the autonymic Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe [recorded from Madagascar, Africa, and Asia], Kalanchoe subg. Bryophyllum [recorded from Madagascar only], and Kalanchoe subg. Fernandesiae [recorded from southern and south-tropical Africa only]. Only two species, Kalanchoe gracilipes, with two varieties recognised, and Kalanchoe peltata, with three varieties recognised, are included in Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia. We show that the long-overlooked name at new rank, Kalanchoe peltata var. mandrakensis, was validly published in 1948.
Typifications and taxonomical rearrangements in North and Central American Tagetes (Asteraceae, Tageteae)

Authors: SCHIAVINATO DARIO J. , GUTIÉRREZ DIEGO G. , BARTOLI ADRIANA
Published: June 2021

During the revision of the genus Tagetes, we detected the need for typifications and taxonomical rearrangements in North and Central American taxa. We analyzed type and non-type specimens, morphological traits, geographical distributions, protologues, and biographies of authors and collectors. As a result, we designated 12 lectotypes and one epitype for the following plant names: T. clandestina, T. florida, T. lemmonii, T. lucida, T. macroglossa, T. micrantha, T. nelsonii, T. oligocephala, T. schiedeana, T. signata, T. signata var. pumila and T. triradiata. In addition, we placed T. oligocephala in synonymy within T. foetidissima and clarified type localities of T. oligocephala and T. schiedeana.
Taxonomy of the Panorpa guttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), with descriptions of fourteen new species from China
Authors: WANG JI-SHEN , GONG YOU-JING
Published: June 2021

Panorpa Linnaeus, 1758 is the largest genus in the scorpionfly family Panorpidae. It is considered a paraphyletic taxon and needs further revisions. In this paper, we present a taxonomic study of the Panorpa guttata group, including 23 closely related species, with fourteen species new to science: Panorpa caoweii Wang, sp. n., Panorpa dali Wang, sp. n., Panorpa duanyu Wang & Gong, sp. n., Panorpa hani Wang, sp. n., Panorpa hirundo Wang, sp. n., Panorpa huangguiqiangi Wang, sp. n., Panorpa jiangrixini Wang, sp. n., Panorpa jinfoshana Wang, sp. n., Panorpa latiloba Wang, sp. n., Panorpa nanzhao Wang, sp. n., Panorpa stella Wang, sp. n., Panorpa substricta Wang, sp. n., Panorpa xiaofeng Wang & Gong, sp. n., and Panorpa xuzhu Wang & Gong, sp. n. We also provide a distributional map, keys to species, and discussions regarding the taxonomic implications and biological information of the P. guttata group.
Nanomedicine Approach to Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ni Hongbo , Xue Jian , Wang Fan , Sun Xiaohan , Niu Meng
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the growing studies focused on the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and proved the preclinical and clinical promises of host antitumor immune response. However, there were still various obstacles in meeting satisfactory clinic need, such as low response rate, primary resistance and secondary resistance to immunotherapy. Tackling these barriers required a deeper understanding of immune underpinnings and a broader understanding of advanced technology. This review described immune microenvironment of liver and HCC which naturally decided the complexity of immunotherapy, and summarized recent immunotherapy focusing on different points. The ever-growing clues indicated that the instant killing of tumor cell and the subsequent relive of immunosuppressive microenvironment were both indis- pensables. The nanotechnology applied in immunotherapy and the combination with intervention technology was also discussed.
Induction of Bone Remodeling by Raloxifene-Doped Iron Oxide Functionalized with Hydroxyapatite to Accelerate Fracture Healing
Authors: Wang Gengqi , Xu Wenqiang , Zhang Junjie , Tang Tian , Chen Jing , Fan Changchun
Published: June 2021

Repairing fractures in the presence of infection is a major challenge that is currently declining using nanotechnology. By producing iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) containing hydroxyapatite and Raloxifene (R-IONPs-HA), this study tries to target drug delivery, control infection and
promotion of the cells proliferation/differentiation to repair damaged tissue. After the production of R-IONPs-HA through co-precipitation, the physicochemical features of the NPs were considered by SEM, TEM, DLS and XRD methods, and the possibility of drug release. The effect of R-IONPs-HA
on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation/differentiation was determined by CCK-assay and microscopic observations. Also, Gram-negative and -positive bacteria were applied to evaluate the antibacterial activity. Finally, cell differentiation biomarkers like an ALP, OCN, and RUNX-2 genes were examined
by real time (RT)-PCR. The results showed that R-IONPs-HA was spherical with dimensions of 98.1 ± 1.17 nm. In addition, the results of Zeta and XRD confirmed the loading HA and R on IONPs. Also, the release rate of R and HA in 64 h with pH 6 reached 61.4 and 30.4%, respectively.
The anti-bacterial activity of R-IONPs-HA on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria showed a significant reduction in infection. Also, MC3T3-E1 cells showed greater proliferation and differentiation by R-IONPs-HA compared to other groups.
Increased expression of ossification genes such as OCN, and RUNX-2 confirmed this claim. Finally, R-IONPs-HA with good biocompatibility, antibacterial activity and ossification induction has great potential to repair bone fractures and prevent infection.
Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid-Assisted Preparation of Nano-Spheres Loaded with Bio-Active Peptides to Decrease Inflammation in an Osteoarthritis Model: Ex Vivo Evaluations
Authors: Song Yingzhuo , Zhang Tao , Cheng Huiguang , Jiang Wei , Li Pu , Zhang Jun , Yin Zhanhai
Published: June 2021

Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Cartilage inflammation in osteoarthritis results from pain in articular joints. Anti-inflammatory drugs provide relief by hindering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukin-6. Targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory
drugs is very effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis. This approach reduces the usage of therapeutic drug dosages and unwanted side effects. Here, we fabricated a non-invasive and efficient targeted drug delivery system to reduce persistent inflammation in an osteoarthritis model. Temperature-sensitive
hollow dextran/poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanoparticles were synthesized by the destruction of N,N’-bis(acryloyl)cystamine crosslinked cores in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The copolymerized 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid created sulfur functionalities
that increase the loading of therapeutic KAFAK peptides. The chemical structure of the polymer nanoparticles was analyzed with UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal responsive characteristics of the nanoparticles were determined with dynamic
light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles were used as drug carriers to reduce inflammation in an Ex Vivo osteoarthritis model. The KAFAK-loaded hollow dextran/PNIPAM nanoparticles effectively
delivered therapeutic peptides in cartilage explants to suppress inflammation. These thermoresponsive nanoparticles could be an effective drug delivery system to deliver anti-inflammatory therapeutic peptides in a highly osteoarthritic environment.
Fabrication of a Polylactide-Glycolide/Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Dextran/Plastrum Testudinis Extract Composite Anti-Inflammation Nanofiber Membrane via Electrospinning for Annulus Fibrosus Regeneration
Authors: Wang Xiao-Shuai , Yang Jia-Ming , Ding Ren-Jie , Liu Xi-Zhe , Jiang Xiao-Bing , Yang Zhi-Jian , Ling Ze-Min , Hu Tian-Xue , Wei Fu-Xin
Published: June 2021

Tissue engineering is a promising approach for the treatment of chronic lower back pain (LBP) caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) resulting from degeneration and inflammation of annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue. However, scaffold with an anti-inflammatory effect on AF cells has not been reported. In this study, we fabricated a polylactide-glycolide (PLGA)/poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)Zdextran (DEX) composite membrane loaded with plastrum testudinis extract (PTE), a Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal extract, via electrospinning. The membranes were characterized by mechanical measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using anin vitroinflammation model induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, the cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effects of the composites were investigated by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Potential regulatory mechanisms were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the P10P8D2 (PLGA 10 g, PCL 8 g, DEX 2 g) composite nanofiber membrane exhibited the most uniform diameter distribution, best mechanical properties, a moderate degradation rate, and the best cytocompatibility characteristics. The optimal concentration of PTE was 120µg/mL. Importantly, P10P8D2 combined with PTE exhibited anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation promotion effects. Moreover, the NF-κBB/NLRP3/IL-βsignaling pathway was inactivated. Our findings suggested that the nanofiber membrane composed of P10P8D2 and PTE has anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferation effects on AF cells. It may provide an effective strategy for AF tissue regeneration.
Spectroscopic Characterization of a Polycaprolactone-Chitosan Electrospun Scaffold Modified with Photocatalytic TiO2 Nanoparticles for Improved Wound Healing: A Complete In Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Sun Cuizhen , He Dianju , Qi Yonghua , Zhang Guiqin , Huang Qiujin
Published: June 2021

In the current study, we hypothesized that the electrospun scaffold chitosan (CS)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) could be prepared by combining CS, PCL, and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using an electrospinning technique for wound dressing
applications. The CS/PCL/TiO2 electrospun scaffold was prepared and characterized by UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses. Based on the UV-Vis analysis, the incorporation of CS/PCL on the surface of TiO2 NPs affected their optical properties. Further, CS/PCL and CS/PCL/TiO2
were found to have uniform distribution in fiber diameter with no bead morphology, as confirmed by SEM. The XRD spectrum of the CS/PCL/TiO2 revealed that the TiO2 NPs were adequately mixed with the CS/PCL solution, exhibiting the planes of TiO2 peaks (112),
(105), (204), (116), and (301), which aligned well with the lattice structure. The antibacterial activity of CS/PCL/TiO2 against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated using the zone of inhibition method. By testing the cytocompatibility of CS/PCL/TiO2
in vitro, this dressing was found to have a less toxic nature. In addition, In Vivo wound healing studies showed that the dressing prepared with the CS/PCL/TiO2 electrospun scaffold improved wound healing compared to that prepared with CS/PCL alone. The above results
strongly support the use of CS/PCL/TiO2 electrospun scaffold as an effective dressing for wound healing.
Osteoporosis and Its Nanotechnology-Based Advanced Treatment—An Overview
Authors: Ray Shariqsrijon Sinha , Brits Justin , Deware Kerry
Published: June 2021

Osteoporosis (OP) is an ever-growing topic of discussion, with lots of new research being done on it at present. It includes the loss of bone density for various reasons, which will be covered in this paper. Moreover, the structural side of OP, the symptoms, causes, risk factors, as well as the prevention, current therapy, and future research in more effective and safer treatment are discussed in this article. Particular focus is on the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of osteoporosis. The reported result reveals that nanomaterials have unique characteristics, which qualify them to be used as advanced biomaterials for the regeneration of bone with improved mechanical properties. This overview also reports where further work is urgently required for the development of biocompatible nanomaterials with desired properties in osteoporosis treatment.
High-resolution observations of microscale influences on a tornado track using Unpiloted Aerial Systems (UAS)
Authors: Wagner Melissa A. , Doe Robert K. , Wang Chuyuan , Rasmussen Erik , Coniglio Michael C. , Elmore Kimberly L. , Balling Robert C. , Cerveny Randall S.
Published: June 2021

Topography can have a significant influence on tornado intensity and direction by altering the near-surface inflow. However, past research involving topographic influence on tornadoes has shown significant variety in investigative approaches and conclusions. This study uses Unpiloted Aerial Systems (UAS)-based high-resolution imagery, UAS-based 3D-modeling products, and correlation analyses to examine topographical influences on a portion of the 01 May 2018 Tescott, Kansas EF3 tornado. Two new metrics, Visible Difference Vegetative Index (VDVI) gap and (VDVI) aspect ratio, are introduced to quantify damage severity using UAS-based imagery and elevation information retrieved from a UAS-based digital surface model (DSM). Areas of enhanced scour are seen along the track in areas of local elevation maxima. Correlation analysis shows that damage severity, as measured by VDVI gap and VDVI aspect ratio, are both well correlated with increasing elevation. VDVI gap is only weakly correlated with slope, while VDVI aspect ratio is not correlated with slope. These findings are statistically significant at p < 0.05. As the tornado weakened in intensity, the path became non-linear, traversing between two local elevation maxima. It is hypothesized that fast-moving intense flow formed and weakened as elevation increased over the short spatial distance. This research shows topography and surface conditions are two of many important variables that should be considered when performing tornado-damage site investigations. It also illustrates the importance of UASs in detailed tornado analysis. VDVI gap and VDVI aspect ratio can provide insight into damage severity as a function of topography.
The Gendered Path for Girls in Rural Communities: The Impact of COVID-19 on Youth Presenting at Juvenile Detention Facilities
Authors: Terry April N. , Lockwood Ashley , Steele Morgan , Milner Megan
Published: June 2021

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, girls and women represented one of the fastest growing populations within the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Since the spread of COVID-19, suggestions were provided to juvenile justice bodies, encouraging a reduction of youth arrests, detainments, and quicker court processing. Yet, the research comparing peri-COVID-19 changes for girls and boys is lacking, with an oversight to gender trends and rural and urban differences. This study used Juvenile Intake and Assessment Center (JIAC) data from a rural Midwestern state to look at rural and urban location trends for both boys and girls. Results suggest rural communities are responding differently to girls’ behaviors, revealing a slower decline in intakes compared to boys and youth in urban areas.
Semisupervised Learning Method to Adjust Biased Item Difficulty Estimates Caused by Nonignorable Missingness in a Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Xue Kang , Huggins-Manley Anne Corinne , Leite Walter
Published: June 2021

In data collected from virtual learning environments (VLEs), item response theory (IRT) models can be used to guide the ongoing measurement of student ability. However, such applications of IRT rely on unbiased item parameter estimates associated with test items in the VLE. Without formal piloting of the items, one can expect a large amount of nonignorable missing data in the VLE log file data, and this is expected to negatively affect IRT item parameter estimation accuracy, which then negatively affects any future ability estimates utilized in the VLE. In the psychometric literature, methods for handling missing data have been studied mostly around conditions in which the data and the amount of missing data are not as large as those that come from VLEs. In this article, we introduce a semisupervised learning method to deal with a large proportion of missingness contained in VLE data from which one needs to obtain unbiased item parameter estimates. First, we explored the factors relating to the missing data. Then we implemented a semisupervised learning method under the two-parameter logistic IRT model to estimate the latent abilities of students. Last, we applied two adjustment methods designed to reduce bias in item parameter estimates. The proposed framework showed its potential for obtaining unbiased item parameter estimates that can then be fixed in the VLE in order to obtain ongoing ability estimates for operational purposes.
Agenda 2063 and the Feasibility of Sustainable Development in Africa: Any Silver Bullet?
Authors: Nwozor Agaptus , Okidu Onjefu , Adedire Solomon
Published: June 2021

Several continental and global development initiatives have been evolved to trigger development in Africa, the latest being Agenda 2063 and sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper draws on relevant materials to examine the challenges of sustainable development, especially within the context of the serious structural adjustment challenges in Africa. Against the backdrop of the continent’s earlier dismal experiences with development initiatives, the paper assesses the promises of both Agenda 2063 and SDGs to motorize sustainable development in the continent. The paper contends that the feasibility of sustainable development in Africa is contingent upon the institutionalization of the active state. The imperative of the active state in development architecture is because of its indispensability in charting critical pathways for all-round sustainability.
Anodic synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes by step-up voltages
Authors: Sivaprakash V , Narayanan R
Published: June 2021

Fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) has extensive application properties due to their high corrosion resistant and compatibility with biomedical applications, the synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes over titanium has drawn interest in various fields. The synthesis of TiO2 NTs using novel in-situ step-up voltage conditions in the electrochemical anodization process is recorded in this work. For manufacturing the NTs at 1 hour of anodization, the input potential of 30, 40 and 50 V was selected. With increasing step-up voltage during the anodization process, an improvement in the NTs was observed, favoring corrosion resistance properties. The surface of NTs enhances the structure of the ribs, raising the potential for feedback over time. XRD was used to analyze phase changes, and HR-SEM analyzed surface topography. Impedance tests found that longer NTs improved the corrosion resistance.
An observational study to see the correlation between trends of platelet counts and immature platelet fraction in dengue infection
Authors: Shah Darshit , Khataniar Mridusmita , Sawhney Aanchal , Nautiyal Manishi , Desai Rishikesh , Kakar Atul
Published: June 2021

Dengue, a common tropical viral disease, often has complications of thrombocytopenia causing bleeding and warranting blood transfusion. This is costly in low-income settings. We conducted an observational study using a relatively new parameter called immature platelet fraction which indicates regeneration of platelets by the bone marrow. Our study on 124 dengue patients showed a strong correlation between platelet count and immature platelet fraction and we observed that 96.1% and 97.4% patients showed rise in platelet count at 24 and 48 h, respectively. In the absence of bleeding, platelet transfusion was prevented in 64% of patients with an IPF level of 10% or more.
A Matchmaking Exercise for Teaching Homogamy Theory to First-Year Sociology Students
Authors: Van Mol Christof
Published: June 2021

This note discusses a class activity that was developed for first-year bachelor students in sociology to understand homogamy theory. Taught in a “classical” deductive way, this theory proved to be difficult to remember and describe on the examination. Starting from inductive learning, and more specifically, (structured) inquiry-guided learning, the aim of the exercise was to transcend passive learning, making students gradually discover the different components of the theory themselves, practicing their sociological imagination. Overall, students evaluated the exercise positively, and they performed much better on the examination.
It takes change to remain the same: The transformation of Swedish government policy making in economic crises and the involvement of social partners
Authors: Bergström Ola , Styhre Alexander
Published: June 2021

The government responses to the corona crisis across the world has actualized an old debate regarding the role of the state and government policy making in economic crises. This debate should, the authors of this article argue, be understood in the context of how government policy making has been transformed in advanced capitalist economies in the past five decades and recent theoretical developments regarding the role of actors and institutions involved in the production and dissemination of ideas in such transformations. Drawing on an extensive review of policy making and changes in policy making doctrines, this article examines the role of government public investigations in the transformation of the Swedish government policy making in relation to economic crises where the state supports policy making through social partners.
Development of computer simulator ‘Kawauchi Legends’ as disaster response medical training software: overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hasegawa Arifumi , Shiga Mikiko , Iyama Keita
Published: June 2021

Medical disaster response training is provided for international students in Kawauchi Village to share the lessons learnt from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. At present, this is difficult due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this article is to report the development of hands-on medical training software on a topic that does not require in-person attendance. The ‘Kawauchi Legends’ disaster simulator was developed as a useful tool to teach the medical response to various disasters, and this was applied in a 3-day webinar in October 2020. Fourteen students participated in the webinar and successfully learnt medical management, manipulating their avatars in the virtual environment. This software can be an effective substitute for in-person disaster training without physical involvement. Such innovative teaching methods mean that lessons from the Fukushima accident can continue to be shared, even in the COVID-19 pandemic situation.
Dietary diversity and its determinants among Khasi and Garo indigenous women (15 to 49 years) in Meghalaya, northeast India
Authors: Nongrum Melari Shisha , Pawera Lukas , Mawroh Bhogtoram
Published: June 2021

Background:

Despite generally high agrobiodiversity, the Khasi and Garo indigenous people in Meghalaya have poor nutritional status among children and women.

Aim:

To assess the dietary diversity of the Khasi and Garo indigenous women of reproductive age in Meghalaya, while examining the associated factors that affect it and to map the diversity of local food plants.

Methods:

A dietary survey was conducted through 24-hour recall with 276 women from 28 villages of Meghalaya. The mapping of local food plants was conducted through key informant interviews and focus group discussions in the same villages.

Results:

The mean minimum dietary diversity for women is 4.22 (SD ±1.26); with one-third (37%) of the women attaining a minimum dietary diversity of five or more food groups in a day. There were significant differences in the dietary diversity among the indigenous groups, the Garo community attaining higher minimum dietary diversity for women. There was also an inverse association between the number of land uses and dietary diversity. The mean number of food plants (including crop varieties) found in each village is 203 (SD±45.7).

Conclusions:

There is potential to enhance dietary diversity through diversifying lesser consumed crops such as vitamin A-rich vegetables and fruits, nuts, seeds and green leafy vegetables in existing land holdings. Also, proper management and access to the commons will provide a sustainable resource base for diet and food security, enhance dietary diversity and bridge the hidden hunger among children and women.
Interventions for quality of life and related outcomes among unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments: A scoping review
Authors: Hazzan Afeez Abiola , Haibach-Beach Pamela , Lieberman Lauren , Williams Jamia
Published: June 2021

Unpaid family caregivers play a critical role in the care of older adults with visual impairments. Caring for older adults with visual impairments requires much time and energy, often resulting in psychological stress and reduced quality of life for the unpaid caregiver. However, there is a paucity of data on the impact of caregiving on quality of life and related outcomes among these caregivers. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review examining issues of quality of life, health, stress, burden, and barriers among unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments. The study also aimed to summarize interventions for addressing these issues. This study followed the Arksey and O’Malley five-stage approach for scoping reviews. We performed a search of published peer-reviewed articles available in PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and PsycINFO to identify relevant studies. Two reviewers conducted the screening of titles, abstracts, and full-texts. A total of 24 articles were eligible for full-text screening from the 452 records identified, and 5 articles met the final inclusion criteria. The following four themes were identified: (1) prevalence of quality of life–related barriers among unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments; (2) adverse events among unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments; (3) interventions for unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments; and (4) potential impacts of intervention on unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments. These findings point to a lack of interventions for unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments, despite the prevalence of quality of life–related barriers and adverse events in this population. This study aligns with the social model of disability as it relates to the failure of the system to meet the needs of older adults with visual impairments. Research addressing these issues is urgently needed.
Day-to-day relational life during the COVID-19 pandemic: Linking mental health, daily relational experiences, and end-of-day outlook
Authors: Merolla Andy J. , Otmar Christopher , Hernandez Carlos Ruvalcaba
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic alters day-to-day relational experiences and how daily relational experiences shape outlook on the pandemic. Data were collected from university students in the U.S. using smartphone-based experience sampling and nightly diary surveys over a 10-day period beginning in April 2020. To address the first objective, we examined how pandemic-related anxiety and depressive symptoms manifested in three aspects of daily relational life: (a) perceptions of loneliness, (b) relational difficulty, and (c) communication quality. To address the second objective, we investigated how daily relational experiences were linked to their end-of-day outlook of the pandemic in terms of pessimism versus optimism regarding COVID-19 and general sense of hope. Over the 10-day study period, COVID-19-related anxiety was found to be uniquely associated with greater loneliness, desire for interaction when alone, interpersonal conflict, and distraction during communication episodes. In addition, results showed that relational experiences throughout the day, including loneliness, challenges maintaining relationships, and communication quality, were linked to end-of-day COVID-19 optimism and state hope. Overall, this study identifies potential ways in which young adults’ relational lives were altered during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Results also suggest how relational experiences factor into daily social constructions of the pandemic.