bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitioning to Greener Sino-Thai Belt and Road Initiative: How China Finance Thailand’s Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Hung Jason
Published: July 2024

As of today, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) continues showing signs of its transition towards green development; whilst the Thai sustainable tourism industry is encountering substantial environmental problems of unfavourable water quality and waste management outcomes. This paper dissects how China has been transitioning into the practice of a greener BRI, as well as how Thailand has benefitted from its greener BRI partnership with China in recent years. This paper delineates the major environmental issues faced by Thailand, in order to suggest why Thailand needs to urgently and responsively address any notable environmental concern for long-term economic growth and sustainability. There is a lack, if not an absence, of existing studies that analyse Sino-Thai green BRI partnerships with the presentation of supporting, updated data and statistics. The findings presented in this paper respond to such a research gap. This paper concludes by arguing that should China’s distribution of development finance to Thailand be able to enhance the latter’s environmental health and landscape, more Southeast Asian (SEA) and global emerging powers may develop an increasing interest in forming or strengthening green BRI partnerships with China. In the long run, such an optimistic outcome allows China’s diplomatic influence to grow further. China’s greener development finance plan is an ambitious, globally impactful strategy. Such an ambitious strategy aims to capitalise on the opportunities to address countries’ developmental and environmental needs to boost China’s global competence and image, in addition to elevating its diplomatic influence.
Pandemic narra(c)tions. Collective audiovisual configurations and participatory self-care
Authors: Sabatino Anna Chiara
Published: July 2024

During the first lockdown to limit the spread of Covid-19, a new medial scenario has taken shape in all its rich complexity. The proliferation of tentacular info and iconodemic events has presented, in fact, the manifestation and the progression of a double media movement: on the one hand, the amateur involvement in multiple narrative processes, increasingly involving participatory audience and prosumers; on the other hand, the amateurization of cinematic rhetoric and languages, which are reconfigured in a logic of everyday narrativization. Accordingly, based on rule-making creativity, grassroots performances have set a dialogue with canonical and institutional authorship in the wake of the audiovisual narrativization of the Self in everyday life. Within this framework, certain narrative acts occurring during the pandemic have the power to intervene transformatively in the everyday life they record and tell through performative and amateur participation. In this perspective, the article intends to explore two fronts: the process and the contextualization of amateur performances, based on creative prosumers’ participation, within a collective yet cinematic project; second, the impact and the role of audiovisuals as reparative media leading to beneficial self-telling practices. For such purpose, through the illustration of emblematic collective projects, the essay questions the potentially transformative and beneficial nature of self-representational and audiovisual performances that characterize pandemic and postpandemic mediascape.
Clinical outcomes in patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 treated with monoclonal antibody therapy versus an untreated control cohort
Authors: Nichols Courtney N. , Lustberg Mark , Sobhanie Mohammed Mahdee E , Niermann Lucia J , Gordon Melissa , Kman Nicholas , Parsons Jonathan , Conroy Mark , Dick Michael , Allen James , Reed Erica , Lehman Joy , Malvestutto Carlos
Published: July 2024

Background

Monoclonal antibody therapy (MAT) received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for mild to moderate COVID-19 treatment in adults at a high-risk for progression to severe disease in November 2020. This study assessed the impact of MAT on clinical outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a single-center, retrospective study comparing 30-day COVID-19-related emergency department (ED) visits, admissions, and mortality in patients receiving MAT (bamlanivimab, bamlanivimab-etesevimab, or casirivimab-imdevimab) between 16 November 2020 and 19 June 2021, compared to a control group of high-risk adults diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19 prior to MAT availability between 16 May 2020 and 15 November 2020. Statistical analysis used logistic regression analysis with backward selection to determine the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval evaluating the relationship between clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Results

1187 patients who received MAT were compared to 1103 patients not treated with MAT. Multivariable regression model adjusted for possible confounders showed patients who received MAT had lower rates of ED visits (3.2% vs 7.4%, OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.31–0.70, p < .001) and hospital admissions (4.3% vs 7.8%, OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.29–0.62, p < .001) compared to the control group. After adjusting for confounders, MAT was associated with decreased mortality (OR = 0.36, p = .035). In the MAT group, those treated within 2 days of COVID-19 diagnosis had lower mortality than those treated more than 2 days post-diagnosis (unadjusted OR = 0.152, 95% CI = 0.031–0.734, p = .019).

Conclusions

Individuals treated with MAT had lower rates of 30-day COVID-19-related ED visits and hospital admissions compared to those not receiving MAT. Early MAT resulted in lower 30-day mortality compared to receipt >2 days post COVID-19 diagnosis.
Exploring emotional support and engagement in adolescent EFL learning: The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies
Authors: Zhang Yuchi , Hu Yibin , Yu Meng
Published: July 2024

The crucial role of emotion regulation in learning has been well established, but its potential impact on the English as a foreign language (EFL) learning process remains uncertain. Examining the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and EFL learning engagement, as well as antecedent variables, has significant theoretical and practical value. This study aims to explored the potential mediating effects of emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression) on the associations between perceived EFL teacher social support, peer social support and EFL learning engagement among Chinese adolescents. The data were gathered through an online survey of 1,506 (776 males) 10th to 12th high school EFL learners. Structural equation modeling was used to analyse the mediation model. This study found that EFL teachers’ social support had a significant and direct effect on the three dimensions of EFL learning engagement, whereas the direct effect of peer social support was insignificant. Additionally, cognitive reappraisal significantly mediated role in the positive relationship between perceived EFL teacher support and the three dimensions of EFL learning engagement. It also mediated the positive relationship between perceived peer support and the three dimensions of EFL learning engagement. However, emotion suppression only mediated the negative link between perceived peer support and EFL behavioral engagement. These findings emphasize the need to explore the crucial role of emotion regulation strategies in EFL learning engagement.
Preoperatively suspected gallbladder cancer improves survival compared with incidental gallbladder cancer in pT3 patients
Authors: Muszynska Carolina , Lundgren Linda , Jacobsson Helene , Sandström Per , Andersson Bodil
Published: July 2024

Background:

The aim was to compare survival for incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC), respectively, preoperatively suspected gallbladder cancer (GBC), subjected to surgery for different pathological tumour (pT) stages and in different treatment groups in a national cohort.

Methods:

Data were collected and crosslinked from two national quality registers, SweLiv (2009–2019) and GallRiks (2009–2016). Survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. The log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were used to compare groups.

Results:

In total, 466 IGBC patients, including 225 who only underwent simple cholecystectomy (SC), and 477 GBC patients were included. Most patients were female, with small differences in mean age between groups. In all IGBC patients compared with GBC patients, an improved 5-year overall survival in pT3 GBC undergoing surgery (GBC 13% vs all IGBC 8%, p < 0.001), was seen. GBC was shown to be an independent predictor for improved survival in pT3 patients (hazard ratio (HR): 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4–0.8, p  < 0.001). In addition, in GBC with curative reresection compared with IGBC SC and IGBC with curative resection, an improved 5-year overall survival in pT3 GBC was shown (GBC 20% vs all IGBC 10%, p < 0.001). GBC was an independent predictor for improved survival in pT3 patients with curative resection (HR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.7, p  < 0.001).

Conclusions:

GBC was shown to be an independent predictor for improved survival in pT3 patients, and patients with GBC may benefit from one-stage resection. It is, therefore, reasonable to recommend that radiological suspicion of malignancy should be evaluated at a liver tumour centre to optimize patient outcomes.
Knowledge About Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy and Child Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review
Authors: Montoya Carina N. , Saunt Jamie V.
Published: July 2024

Child sexual abuse (CSA) impacts victims in immediate and long-lasting ways, often resulting in traumatic symptomatology. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy is an effective treatment to address trauma symptoms. Despite growing research on the efficacy of EMDR therapy, no review has been conducted on EMDR’s treatment of trauma related to CSA. This scoping review seeks to explore the literature on EMDR as a treatment for CSA, including outcomes measured related to efficacy and considerations and implications related to the use of EMDR with this population. Four databases and the Francine Shapiro Library were systematically searched and twenty-one articles meeting inclusion criteria (published after 2001, using EMDR with victims of CSA, published in English) were included in this review. A mixture of case studies and empirical research using EMDR with both child and adult survivors of CSA were identified. Outcomes measured were traumatic, psychological, behavioral, and other (e.g., quality of life and physiological) symptoms. Studies reporting on direct-client work identified that EMDR was effective at resolving negative symptoms related to CSA without any necessary protocol modifications. Nearly all studies utilized stabilization in the form of the “safe space” exercise for grounding. Included empirical studies were primarily white and female samples; further research with non-offending males and individuals of color is needed. More research is also needed to understand minimum session frequency and duration of EMDR sessions to achieve resolution of trauma. This review suggests promising evidence of the efficacy of EMDR therapy in the treatment of trauma related to CSA.
The Effects of Different Dosages on Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction’s Treatment of Lower Limb Chronic Venous Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cui Hong-Jie , Wu Ying-Feng
Published: July 2024

Background:

Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a widely prescribed and extensively investigated venoactive drug (VAD). The standard dosage for MPFF is 500 mg administered twice daily. However, a new daily dose of 1000 mg has just been introduced.

Objective:

This study investigated whether a daily dose of 1000 mg MPFF could be implemented and embraced by the public and still has the same therapeutic effects as conventional pharmaceuticals.

Methods:

For this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Science of Web, Cochrane, and PubMed databases and forward and backward citations for studies published between database inception and March 2023. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of comparison of different dosages of MPFF to evaluate whether there is a significant difference between them were included, without language or date restrictions. Due to the small sample size of the study included, we conducted a simple sensitivity test using a one-by-one exclusion method, and the results showed that the study did not affect the final consolidation conclusion. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Results:

Out of 232 studies, 99 were eligible and 39 RCTs had data, all with low to moderate bias. Overall, 1924 patients (experimental group: 967, control group: 957) in 3 RCTs met the criteria. There is no significant difference in patient compliance, efficacy, clinical adverse events, and quality of life scores between MPFF 1000 mg once daily and MPFF 500 mg twice daily (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.049 [0.048, 0.145], p=0.321, risk ratio [RR]: 0.981 [0.855, 1.125], p=0.904, and SMD: 0.063 [0.034, 0.160], p=0.203).

Interpretation:

In symptomatic chronic venous disease patients, MPFF 1000 mg once daily and MPFF 500 mg twice daily improve patient compliance, lower limb discomfort, clinical adverse events, and quality of life scores similarly. Regular medical care should recommend MPFF 1000 mg daily more often.

Clinical Impact

Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a popular venoactive medication (VAD) in modern medicine. MPFF is effective in treating lower extremity venous problems. Currently, besides conventional 500 mg tablets, there exist alternative dosage forms such as solutions, chewable tablets, and other novel formulations for MPFF. The excessive frequency and amount of medication may have a negative impact on patient adherence.
Preparation and characterization of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) from linseed straw fibers: As a potential alternative source of nanofillers in polymer composites
Authors: Feleke Kibrom , Ganesh Thothadri , Beri Habtamu , Murtaza Adil
Published: July 2024

Linseed straw is the stalk or stem of the linseed plant that remains after the seeds have been harvested. This agricultural waste is generated every year and is mostly left or burned in fields, causing environmental problems. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) from linseed straw fibers as a potential alternative source. The CNCs were isolated using sequential chlorine-free chemical and mechanical treatments, involving three main steps: pre-treatment, acid hydrolysis, and post-treatment. The isolated CNC was thoroughly characterized for its morphology, particle size, aspect ratio, crystallinity, crystallite size, cellulose polymorph, thermal properties, and chemical composition, compared to raw fiber (RF) and micro cellulose (MC). Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) were employed. The rod-like CNCs obtained exhibited a yield of 79.87 ± 1.35%, with a mean diameter of 7.06 ± 1.95 nm and a length of 66.14 ± 28.58 nm. The aspect ratio was measured at 10.02 ± 4.87 nm, with a crystallinity index of 73.29% and a crystallite size of 5.61 nm. Additionally, the CNCs displayed an average molecular weight of 2.36 × 104 g/mol, an average degree of polymerization of 146, and a peak decomposition temperature of 515°C. These results suggest that linseed straw fibers are a promising source for the production of CNC, which can effectively serve as a filler in polymer composites.
Why do women with cardiac symptoms delay seeking medical help? Insights from a qualitative study among Jewish Israeli women
Authors: Asher Maia , Vilchinsky Noa , Tuval-Mashiach Rivka , Zwas Donna R
Published: July 2024

Background:

The delay time from onset of symptoms of a myocardial infarction to seeking medical assistance can have life-threatening consequences. Women delay significantly more often than men do in calling for medical help, once symptoms of a myocardial infarction occur.

Objectives:

The current qualitative study’s main aim was to explore psychosocial factors that contribute to Israeli women’s delaying calls for medical assistance and, by contrast, the motivational factors that encourage them to do so.

Design:

A qualitative study.

Method:

In total, 12 women were interviewed shortly after experiencing a myocardial infarction. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results:

Two major themes emerged describing barriers to seeking help: (1) the use of denial as a defense mechanism and (2) the need for control. The motivational factor which enhanced help-seeking was “fear of death.”

Conclusion:

These findings may help in designing gender-sensitive interventions with the aim of minimizing the symptom onset to call time and thus preventing irreversible and life-threatening health damage.
Necessarily Optimistic? Upper Echelons’ Social Capital and IPO Valuation in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Song Hyoung Ju
Published: July 2024

Despite the financial gains from initial public offerings (IPOs), they also bring costs and risks. Drawing on signaling theory and other supporting theories, this study focuses on how the social capital of top management teams (TMT) and a board of directors influence IPO valuation in the hospitality industry, particularly under the quality uncertainty of a firm’s IPO readiness. This study found that external social capital of a board positively impacts IPO performance while TMT’s external social capital has a negative effect. These significant relationships were positively moderated by a firm’s quality uncertainty. However, the internal social capital of both TMT and a board of directors shows no significant impact. These findings, which differ from general managerial settings, enrich the understanding of strategic leadership and corporate governance in IPO contexts within the hospitality sector. Also, the findings of this study offer practical insights for hospitality firms preparing for IPOs.
Effectiveness of 12-Week Core Stability Training on Postural Balance in Soccer Players With Groin Pain: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Chaari Fatma , Boyas Sébastien , Rebai Haithem , Rahmani Abderrahmane , Sahli Sonia
Published: July 2024

Background:

Core stability training (CST) is effective in improving postural balance, core endurance, and self-reported outcomes in different populations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CST in soccer players with groin pain (GP).

Hypothesis:

CST would improve postural balance performance, core endurance, and self-reported outcomes in soccer players with GP.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Methods:

Soccer players with GP who met the selection criteria were assigned randomly to a CST (CSTG, n = 10) or a control (CG, n = 10) group. The CG undertook no additional physical activity program besides their usual training. The CSTG performed a 12-week CST comprising 76 ~75 min sessions. Static (force platform) and dynamic (Y-Balance test) postural balance, core endurance (McGill trunk endurance tests), and self-reported outcomes (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score [HAGOS]) were assessed before and immediately after the 12-week CST.

Results:

Significant improvements were seen in dynamic postural balance ( P = 0.04 to <0.01), HAGOS scores ( P = 0.02 to <0.01), and core endurance measures ( P < 0.01) in the CSTG in posttest compared with pretest session and compared with CG. Static bipedal postural balance measures showed significant improvements (eyes open, P = 0.02; eyes closed, P < 0.01) in the CSTG in posttest compared with pretest session. However, no significant differences ( P > 0.05) were observed between CSTG and CG after the training period.

Conclusion:

A 12-week CST improved static (foam surface) and dynamic postural balance, core endurance measures, and HAGOS scores.

Clinical Relevance:

The beneficial effect of CST on improving postural balance, core endurance, and self-reported outcomes in soccer players with GP suggests that this training would be an important feature of rehabilitation programs for these players. Coaches and clinicians should prioritize CST training when designing rehabilitation programs.
Intersectional Social Support: Gender, Race, and LGBTQ Youth Friendships
Authors: Robinson Brandon Andrew , Mu Fei , Webb Javania Michelle , Stone Amy L.
Published: July 2024

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth experience disproportionate mental health challenges due to minority stress. Little research, however, has considered how social support from intragenerational friends impacts the mental health of LGBTQ youth, particularly for LGBTQ youth of color. Based mainly on qualitative interviews from a longitudinal study with 83 LGBTQ youth from California and Texas, we develop the concept of intersectional social support—how multiply marginalized individuals subjectively interpret social support and how they view social support from similar multiply marginalized others. More specifically, the findings of this study capture how the intersecting identities of age, sexuality, gender, and race can shape the meanings and experiences of receiving familial support, emotional support, informational support, and instrumental support. This study is an important contribution to understanding how intersecting identities influence how people perceive social support practices and manage their mental health.
Listening to LGBTQIA Individuals’ Pre-Employment Needs: A Mixed-Methods Positive Communication Study
Authors: Socha Thomas J. , Blansett-Peters Kayla , Fennell Kellie , Finley Caitlin , Gambo Fredous , Grigoreva Sasha , Hall Zachary , Hunt Tyran , Mack D. J. , Madden Matty , Osgood Worth , De Miguel Loreto Richard , Washington Sherita
Published: July 2024

We listened to LGBTQIA individuals in this exploratory, mixed-methods, positive communication study to better understand preemployment needs from their point of view. Among the most frequently occurring needs LGBTQIA individuals sought in prospective employers were to feel (in order of prominence): “included,” “comfortable,” “safe,” “supported,” and “secure,” in organizations where employers “respected” and “communicated” “transparently” with all workers; qualities mentioned more often than “equal treatment” and “access to help.” Like all employees, LGBTQIA individuals begin to form (pre)employment communication understandings and practices starting with a first job (as teenagers) where early preemployment communication experiences can affect later employment communication practices. Implications for positive employment recruiting communication and for future positive employment communication practices with LGBTQIA individuals are offered.
Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Experiences of Black African Immigrant Women in Canada
Authors: Ojerinde Abosede C. , Thorne Sally E. , Howard A. Fuchsia , Kazanjian Arminee
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among African women. Unfortunately, in most sub-Saharan African nations, women are vulnerable if they are unaware that cervical cancer is preventable with frequent screening and early treatment. The aim of this study was to examine Black African immigrant women’s perceptions and experiences of cervical screening in British Columbia, Canada. Twenty Black African immigrant women were interviewed using the qualitative research method Interpretive Description. Data collection approaches included indepth interviews and analytic memos. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative technique guided by a socioecologic framework to capture subjective experiences and perceptions. Four key themes were identified, including confusing conceptualizations about cancer and cancer screening, competing priorities, concerns for modesty, and commitment to culture. The study findings point to the need for more active approaches to promoting cervical screening for this population.
Atypical Presentation of Vitreous Inflammation in a Patient With Hypertensive Retinopathy
Authors: Davis Amani , Blumenthal Jonah , Hoyek Sandra , Rizzo Joseph F. , Patel Nimesh A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To describe an atypical presentation of vitreous inflammation in a patient with malignant hypertension. Methods: A case was evaluated. Results: A patient presenting with a hypertensive emergency was found to have decreased vision in the setting of severe optic nerve head edema, extensive hard exudates, cotton-wool spots, and Elschnig spots in both eyes secondary to malignant hypertension as well as vitreous cells bilaterally. He was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for intravenous medications and observation. Conclusions: This case adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that hypertensive urgency may be accompanied by inflammation.
“Scars on Your Heart and PTSD in Your Mind”: Transmisogynoir and the Well-Being of Black Transgender Women in Los Angeles
Authors: LaMartine Samantha , García James J. , Nakamura Nadine
Published: July 2024

Black transgender women (BTW) are subjected to transmisogynoir, as intersectional minority stress and violence that increases their risk of negative well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore themes of intersectional violence and well-being in a group of BTW in Los Angeles, California, from their perspectives. Ten participants were interviewed, and data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research. This article focused on themes around transmisogynoir and (a) mental well-being, (b) social determinants of health, and (c) help seeking. Recommendations for BTW well-being interventions and future directions to promote BTW wellness are provided.
The transcriptional regulator Fur modulates the expression of uge, a gene essential for the core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Muner José Júlio , de Oliveira Paloma Aparecida Alves , Baboghlian Juliana , Moura Stefany Casarin , de Andrade Abissair Gabriel , de Oliveira Michelly Macedo , Campos Yasmin Ferreira de , Mançano Alquiandra Stefani Ferreira , Siqueira Nathália Maria Gonçalves , Pacheco Thaisy , Ferraz Lúcio Fábio Caldas
Published: July 2024

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogen that has become a threat to public health worldwide due to the emergence of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant strains. Cell-surface components, such as polysaccharide capsules, fimbriae, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are among the major virulence factors for K. pneumoniae. One of the genes involved in LPS biosynthesis is the uge gene, which encodes the uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerase enzyme. Although essential for the LPS formation in K. pneumoniae, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of uge. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is an iron-responsive transcription factor that modulates the expression of capsular and fimbrial genes, but its role in LPS expression has not yet been identified. This work aimed to investigate the role of the Fur regulator in the expression of the K. pneumoniae uge gene and to determine whether the production of LPS by K. pneumoniae is modulated by the iron levels available to the bacterium.

Results

Using bioinformatic analyses, a Fur-binding site was identified on the promoter region of the uge gene; this binding site was validated experimentally through Fur Titration Assay (FURTA) and DNA Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) techniques. RT-qPCR analyses were used to evaluate the expression of uge according to the iron levels available to the bacterium. The iron-rich condition led to a down-regulation of uge, while the iron-restricted condition resulted in up-regulation. In addition, LPS was extracted and quantified on K. pneumoniae cells subjected to iron-replete and iron-limited conditions. The iron-limited condition increased the amount of LPS produced by K. pneumoniae. Finally, the expression levels of uge and the amount of the LPS were evaluated on a K. pneumoniae strain mutant for the fur gene. Compared to the wild-type, the strain with the fur gene knocked out presented a lower LPS amount and an unchanged expression of uge, regardless of the iron levels.

Conclusions

Here, we show that iron deprivation led the K. pneumoniae cells to produce higher amount of LPS and that the Fur regulator modulates the expression of uge, a gene essential for LPS biosynthesis. Thus, our results indicate that iron availability modulates the LPS biosynthesis in K. pneumoniae through a Fur-dependent mechanism.
Multiple cropping effectively increases soil bacterial diversity, community abundance and soil fertility of paddy fields
Authors: Tang Haiying , Liu Ying , Yang Xiaoqi , Huang Guoqin , Liang Xiaogui , Shah Adnan Noor , Nawaz Muhammad , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Qumsani Alaa T. , Qari Sameer H.
Published: July 2024

Background

Crop diversification is considered as an imperative approach for synchronizing the plant nutrient demands and soil nutrient availability. Taking two or more crops from the same field in one year is considered as multiple cropping. It improves the diversity and abundance of soil microbes, thereby improving the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the effects of different multiple winter cropping on soil microbial communities in paddy fields. In this study, eight rice cropping patterns from two multiple cropping systems with three different winter crops, including Chinese milk vetch (CMV), rape, and wheat were selected. The effects of different multiple winter cropping on soil microbial abundance, community structure, and diversity in paddy fields were studied by 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

The results showed that different multiple winter cropping increased the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species richness, and community richness index of the bacterial community in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer. Moreover, soil physical and chemical properties of different multiple cropping patterns also affected the diversity and abundance of microbial bacterial communities. The multiple cropping increased soil potassium and nitrogen content, which significantly affected the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities, and it also increased the overall paddy yield. Moreover, different winter cropping changed the population distribution of microorganisms, and Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Nitrospira, and Chloroflexi were identified as the most dominant groups. Multiple winter cropping, especially rape-early rice-late rice (TR) andChinese milk vetch- early rice-late rice (TC) enhanced the abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria and decreased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Euryarchaeota.

Conclusion

In conclusion, winter cropping of Chinese milk vetch and rape were beneficial to improve the soil fertility, bacteria diversity, abundance and rice yield.
Genomic analysis of an Ecuadorian individual carrying an SCN5A rare variant
Authors: Cadena-Ullauri Santiago , Guevara-Ramírez Patricia , Ruiz-Pozo Viviana A. , Tamayo-Trujillo Rafael , Paz-Cruz Elius , Simancas-Racines Daniel , Ibarra-Castillo Rita , Laso-Bayas José Luis , Zambrano Ana Karina
Published: July 2024

Background

Ion channels, vital transmembrane protein complexes, regulate ion movement within cells. Germline variants in channel-encoding genes lead to channelopathies. The sodium channels in cardiac cells exhibit a structure of an alpha subunit and one to two beta subunits. The alpha subunit, encoded by the SCN5A gene, comprises four domains.

Case presentation

A fifteen-year-old Ecuadorian female with atrial flutter and abnormal sinus rhythm with no familial history of cardiovascular disease underwent NGS with the TruSight Cardio kit (Illumina). A likely pathogenic SCN5A gene variant (NM_188056.2:c.2677 C > Tp. Arg893Cys) was identified, associated with arrhythmias, long QT, atrial fibrillation, and Brugada syndrome. Ancestral analysis revealed a predominant European component (43.9%), followed by Native American (35.7%) and African (20.4%) components.

Conclusions

The participant presents atrial flutter and conduction disorders, despite lacking typical cardiovascular risk factors. The proband carries a SCN5A variant that has not been previously reported in Latin America and may be associated to her phenotype. The documented arginine-to-cysteine substitution at position 893 in the protein is crucial for various cellular functions. The subject’s mixed genetic composition highlights potential genetic contributors to atrial flutter, emphasizing the need for comprehensive genetic studies, particularly in mixed populations like Ecuadorians. This case underscores the importance of genetic analysis for personalized treatment and the significance of studying diverse genetic backgrounds in understanding cardiovascular diseases.
Prevalence of contraindicated combinations amid behavioral and mental health medications filled in a pediatric population
Authors: Borgelt Laura M. , Bliss Kathryn , Matson Jacqueline , Cajuste Bosede , Kuang Xiaoying , Toohey Monica , Pace Wilson , Shemesh Eyal , Lo Suzanne , Olczyk Anna , Gleason Kristine , Pincus Harold , Kleinman Lawrence C.
Published: July 2024

Background

Behavioral or mental health disorders are common in children, adolescents, and young adults. Medication use is increasingly common, with few data describing drug-drug combinations in ambulatory settings. The objectives of this study were to describe the pharmaco-epidemiology of behavioral and mental health (BMH) medications among children, adolescents, and young adults in New York Medicaid and assess the prevalence of contraindicated drug pairs within this population.

Methods

This observational cross-sectional study evaluated New York State Medicaid managed care and fee-for-service enrollees under 21 years of age dispensed BMH medications in 2014. Main outcomes included number of members with prescriptions filled; number filling > 1 medication prescription concurrently for ≥ 30 days (polypharmacy), and number and nature of potentially contraindicated drug pairs.

Results

Of 2,430,434 children, adolescents, and young adults, 422,486 (17.4%) had a visit associated with a BMH diagnosis and 141,363 (5.8%) received one or more BMH medications. With 84 distinct medications evaluated, polypharmacy was common, experienced by 53,388 individuals (37.8% of those with a prescription filled), generating 11,115 distinct drug combinations. 392 individuals filled prescriptions for a contraindicated pair of ≥ 2 BMH medications for 30 days or longer. With ≥ 1 day overlap, 651 were exposed to contraindicated medications. The most common contraindicated pairs increased potential risk for prolonged QT interval and serotonin syndrome (n = 378 and n = 250 patients, respectively). Most combinations involved ziprasidone (3247.1 per 10,000 ziprasidone prescriptions filled).

Conclusions

With nearly 6% of members dispensed a BMH medication, contraindicated drug pairs were uncommon. However, any of those combinations represent a potential risk. Clinicians should attend to the balance of potential risks and benefits before contraindicated pairs are dispensed. The methodology described could serve as a basis for monitoring such rare instances and might reduce harm.
Prescription writing pattern among the dental practitioners of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi
Authors: Shah Ruqaya , Alam Jehan , Minallah Sheheryar , Shabbir Maria , Abbasi Maria Shakoor , Aslam Kashif , Ahmed Naseer , Heboyan Artak
Published: July 2024

Objective

To identify the frequency and types of prescription errors, assess adherence to WHO prescribing indicators, and highlight the gaps in current prescribing practices of Junior dental practitioners in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021. The study included the prescriptions by house surgeons and junior postgraduate medical trainees for walk-in patients visiting the dental outpatient department. A total of 466 prescriptions were evaluated for WHO core drug prescribing indicators. The prescription error parameters were prepared by studying the WHO practical manual on guide to good prescribing and previous studies. Prescription errors, including errors of omission related to the physician and the patients, along with errors of omission related to the drug, were also noted. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was performed for qualitative variables in the study.

Results

The average number of drugs per encounter was found to be 3.378 drugs per prescription. The percentage of encounters with antibiotics was 96.99%. Strikingly, only 16.95% of the drugs were prescribed by generic names and 23.55% of drugs belonged to the essential drug list. The majority lacked valuable information related to the prescriber, patient, and drugs. Such as contact details 419 (89.9%), date 261 (56%), medical license number 466 (100%), diagnosis 409 (87.8%), age and address of patient 453 (97.2%), form and route of drug 14 (3%), missing drug strength 69 (14.8%), missing frequency 126 (27%) and duration of treatment 72 (15.4%). Moreover, the wrong drug dosage was prescribed by 89 (19%) prescribers followed by the wrong drug in 52 (11.1%), wrong strength in 43 (9.2%) and wrong form in 9 (1.9%). Out of 1575 medicines prescribed in 466 prescriptions, 426 (27.04%) drug interactions were found and 299 (64%) had illegible handwriting.

Conclusion

The study revealed that the prescription writing practices among junior dental practitioners are below optimum standards. The average number of drugs per encounter was high, with a significant percentage of encounters involving antibiotics. However, a low percentage of drugs were prescribed by generic name and from the essential drug list. Numerous prescription errors, both omissions and commissions, were identified, highlighting the need for improved training and adherence to WHO guidelines on good prescribing practices. Implementing targeted educational programs and stricter regulatory measures could enhance the quality of prescriptions and overall patient safety.
Using machine learning to predict the risk of short-term and long-term death in acute kidney injury patients after commencing CRRT
Authors: Gu Menglei , Liu Yalan , Sun Hongbin , Sun Haitong , Fang Yufei , Chen Luping , Zhang Lu
Published: July 2024

Background

The mortality rate and prognosis of short-term and long-term acute kidney injury (AKI) patients who undergo continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are different. Setting up risk stratification tools for both short-term and long-term deaths is highly important for clinicians.

Method

A total of 1535 AKI patients receiving CRRT were included in this study, with 1144 from the training set (the Dryad database) and 391 from the validation set (MIMIC IV database). A model for predicting mortality within 10 and 90 days was built using nine different machine learning (ML) algorithms. AUROC, F1-score, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and calibration curves were used to assess the predictive performance of various ML models.

Results

A total of 420 (31.1%) deaths occurred within 10 days, and 1080 (68.8%) deaths occurred within 90 days. The random forest (RF) model performed best in both predicting 10-day (AUROC: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74–0.84; accuracy: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67–0.76; F1-score: 0.59) and 90-day mortality (AUROC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.73–0.83; accuracy: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.69–0.78; F1-score: 0.80). The importance of the feature shows that SOFA scores are rated as the most important risk factor for both 10-day and 90-day mortality.

Conclusion

Our study, utilizing multiple machine learning models, estimates the risk of short-term and long-term mortality among AKI patients who commence CRRT. The results demonstrated that the prognostic factors for short-term and long-term mortality are different. The RF model has the best prediction performance and has valuable potential for clinical application.
Response to letter to the editor regarding “Does the 5-2-1 criteria identify patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease? Real-world screening accuracy and burden of 5-2-1-positive patients in 7 countries”
Authors: Antonini Angelo , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Domingos Josefa , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi , Wright Jack , Yan Connie H. , Alobaidi Ali , Bergmann Lars , Onuk Koray , Harmer Linda , Malaty Irene A.
Published: July 2024

The 5-2-1 criteria was developed to facilitate the identification and referral of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) inadequately controlled by oral medications. The criterion was not developed to screen patients with PD for device-aided therapy eligibility. The robust design and validation of the 5-2-1 criteria minimizes over or inappropriate referrals, and supports physicians in the timely identification of patients with PD who may warrant further evaluation for treatment optimization. This response letter clarifies concerns raised by Moes et al.
Obstetric interventions’ effects on the birthing experience
Authors: Volkert Anna , Bach Lisa , Hagenbeck Carsten , Kössendrup Jan , Oberröhrmann Charlotte , Okumu Mi-Ran , Scholten Nadine
Published: July 2024

Background

The birth experience plays a pivotal role in the mother´s mental well-being and has a crucial effect on the mother-child bond. Unanticipated medical interventions, including fundal pressure, episiotomy, assisted vaginal delivery (AVD), or unplanned cesarean section (CS) during labor, may adversely affect the birth experience. The objective of this study is to identify factors contributing to the diminished evaluation of the birth experience after assessing the prevalence of unplanned obstetrical interventions in Germany.

Methods

For this cross-sectional analysis, 4000 mothers whose children were born 8 or 12 months before were asked about their birth experience via a paper-based questionnaire. Overall 1102 mothers participated in the study, representing a response rate of 27.6%. The revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ2) was used to measure the childbirth experience. In addition to descriptive and bivariate analyses using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis-test, we calculated multivariate linear regression models for each dimension of the CEQ2.

Results

In general, the participants evaluated their childbirth experience favorably, assigning an average rating of 3.09 on a scale ranging from 1 to 4. Women who experienced fundal pressure, an AVD, or an unplanned CS rated their birth experience significantly worse compared to women who gave birth without interventions. Unplanned CSs received the lowest ratings for “personal capability” and “perceived safety,” and an AVD resulted in lower scores for “professional support” and “participation.” However, the interventions we studied did not account for much of the variation in how the childbirth experience plays out for different individuals.

Conclusion

Obstetric interventions have a significant effect on different dimensions of the birth experience. If a high level of birth satisfaction is to be achieved, it is important to know which dimension of satisfaction is affected by the intervention so that explicit measures, like fostering communication, participation or safety can be taken to promote improvement.

German Clinical Trial Register

DRKS00029214, retrospectively registered (Registration Date 22.06.2023).
Determinants of stillbirth among deliveries conducted at west Shoa zone public hospitals, central Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Tufa Fayisa Abdisa , Yilma Delelegn , Yadesa Dereje , Tura Meseret Robi
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background

Globally, 2.6 million stillbirths are estimated to occur each year. The causes of stillbirth are often unknown but can be attributed to various causes. Therefore, identifying the determinants of stillbirth is quite important for applying further meaningful interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of stillbirth among deliveries conducted at selected public hospitals in the West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods

A hospital-based unmatched case‒control study with a 1:4 ratio was conducted. A total of 431 (87 cases and 344 controls) participants were involved. A systematic random sampling method was used for control selection. Data were collected using interview administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 26 software. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed for the independent variables and outcome variables. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the strength of the associations, and statistical significance was declared at P value < 0.05.

Results

In this study, 428 mothers who delivered (85 patients and 343 controls) participated, for a 99.3% response rate. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (AOR = 13.43, 95% CI: 5.67–31.82), other health conditions (AOR = 5.39, 95% CI: 2.34–12.46), mal-presentation (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.50–7.76), umbilical cord accidents (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.11–5.93), meconium-stained amniotic fluid problems (AOR = 5.01, 95% CI: 2.15–11.67) and low birth weight (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.28–6.59) were identified as determinant variables of stillbirth.

Conclusions

Low birth weight, referral status, meconium-stained amniotic fluid problems, umbilical cord accidents, mal-presentation and preeclampsia/eclampsia were identified as independent determinants of stillbirth. Therefore, hospitals and health workers are recommended to focus on identifying and preventing these factors.
Treatment of three pediatric AML co-expressing NUP98-NSD1, FLT3-ITD, and WT1
Authors: Liu Li , Nie Qi , Xiao Zugang , Chen Xin , Yang Chunhui , Mao Xiaoyan , Li Na , Zhou Yan , Guo Qulian , Tian Xin
Published: July 2024

During the treatment of 89 pediatric patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) at the Hematology Department of Kunming Medical University’s Children’s Hospital from 2020 to 2023, three patients were identified to co-express the NUP98-NSD1, FLT3-ITD, and WT1 gene mutations. The bone marrow of these three patients was screened for high-risk genetic mutations using NGS and qPCR at the time of diagnosis. The treatment was administered following the China Children’s Leukemia Group (CCLG)-AML-2019 protocol. All three patients exhibited a fusion of the NUP98 exon 12 with the NSD1 exon 6 and co-expressed the FLT3-ITD and WT1 mutations; two of the patients displayed normal karyotypes, while one presented chromosomal abnormalities. During the induction phase of the CCLG-AML-2019 treatment protocol, the DAH (Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) and IAH (Idarubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) regimens, in conjunction with targeted drug therapy, did not achieve remission. Subsequently, the patients were shifted to the relapsed/refractory chemotherapy regimen C + HAG (Cladribine, Homoharringtonine, Cytarabine, and G-CSF) for two cycles, which also failed to induce remission. One patient underwent Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) and achieved complete molecular remission during a 12-month follow-up period. Regrettably, the other two patients, who did not receive transplantation, passed away. The therapeutic conclusion is that pediatric AML patients with the aforementioned co-expression do not respond to chemotherapy. Non-remission transplantation, supplemented with tailor-made pre- and post-transplant strategies, may enhance treatment outcomes.