bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La intertextualidad entre lengua y artes en la enseñanza de idiomas
Authors:   Universidad de Granada (España), Níkleva Dimitrinka G.
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación parte de la observación de distintas relaciones de intertextualidad e intermedialidad entre lengua y artes, entre lenguaje y cultura, en general, que requieren una interpretación intersistémica, o sea, el uso de múltiples códigos semióticos en la interpretación de un mensaje. De ahí, ha surgido la necesidad de hacer una revisión crítica de los conceptos intertextualidad y competencia textual, además de texto e intertexto, para replantear las dimensiones de la competencia textual, enmarcándola en una competencia semiológica. Formulamos una propuesta de definición propia de los términos competencia textual e intertextualidad y elaboramos una tipología de la intertextualidad, basada en estudios previos. Observamos estos conceptos en su relación entre lengua y artes (pintura, cine, música, etc.) y planteamos su mayor aprovechamiento en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de idiomas. Incluimos el concepto de culturemas como unidades simbólicas de comunicación cultural que corresponden a una lengua o un ámbito cultural y deberían formar parte de la competencia comunicativa de los hablantes de lenguas extranjeras. Pretendemos concienciar sobre la multiplicidad de códigos semióticos que interactúan en la interpretación de un mensaje y, por tanto, sobre la necesidad de programar su enseñanza en el ámbito de lenguas extranjeras. Aumentar el grado de intertextualidad conocida por los alumnos de lenguas extranjeras significa aumentar su competencia semiológica, enriquecer su competencia sociocultural y mejorar su interlengua e intercultura.
Nuevos datos sobre el uso de voces del fondo hispánico tradicional en textos españoles del siglo XVI
Authors:   Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España), Cáceres-Lorenzo M. Teresa
Published: June 2022

En textos españoles del siglo XVI se documentan glosas explicativas que acompañan a voces del fondo hispánico tradicional. Dichas apostillas indican que los indios o los que forman parte de las primeras ciudades americanas emplean léxico español que los autores desconocen o consideran extrañas a su vocabulario patrimonial. Los autores principalmente implicados en estos casos son funcionarios y algunos cronistas con una actitud purista ante el vocabulario. El análisis de los ejemplos no investigados hasta el momento en este contexto, permite aseverar que estos son de procedencia árabe o portuguesa, o son producto de cambios semánticos, y derivados con significados muy alejados de la voz originaria.
Variación y pseudo-opcionalidad en los verbos pronominales del español y neerlandés
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Teomiro García Ismael Iván
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se indaga sobre la estructura argumental de los verbos pronominales en español y en neerlandés, y se explica la variación interlingüística y la pseudo-opcionalidad de la partícula pronominal recurriendo a fenómenos de interficie léxico-sintaxis y sintaxis-fonología. En concreto se proponen operaciones de reducción del predicado para los verbos pronominales y una operación de expansión del predicado para los verbos pronominales alternantes, es decir, aquellos que permiten pseudo-opcionalidad con respecto a la presencia de la partícula pronominal. La variación interlingüística se explica recurriendo en primer lugar a la parametrización de la aplicación de las operaciones a nivel de interficie léxico-sintaxis y, en segundo lugar, a reglas de materialización fonológica que actúan sobre la partícula pronominal a nivel de interficie sintaxis-fonología.
Relación entre alfabetización y producción de los alófonos de /b/: estudio del habla cuidada de hablantes prealfabetizados y alfabetizados
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Vergara Fernández Viviana
Published: June 2022

Tradicionalmente, la literatura especializada descarta el labiodental sonoro [v] como realización natural de /b/ tanto en el castellano en general como en el geolecto de Chile, aunque algunas investigaciones recientes avalan su existencia por influencias extralingüísticas, e investigaciones recientes lo describen dentro de los inventarios fonéticos naturales. Con la finalidad de entregar nuevos antecedentes a la discusión sobre la existencia de una realización labiodental de /b/ y determinar si la alfabetización influye en la producción de los alófonos de /b/, se analizaron las grabaciones de video del habla de 19 hablantes nativos del castellano de Concepción (Chile), divididos en alfabetizados y prealfabetizados. Se constata que [v] no sólo es una realización natural de /b/ en el caso de todos los hablantes, sino que también es la más frecuente. Por último, se descarta la influencia de la alfabetización en la aparición de los alófonos labiodentales en el habla.
Perceptions of Spanish EFL1 trainee teachers on the introduction of queer issues in the classroom
Authors:   Universidad de Granada (España), Guijarro-Ojeda Juan Ramón , Ruiz-Cecilia Raúl ,   Universidad de Granada (España)
Published: June 2022

In this paper we pursue to know how EFL teacher trainees perceive the introduction of queer issues within their teaching practices. The qualitative study has been conducted at the University of Granada (Spain) with ten would-be teachers who are in their final year of university studies and have completed their school practice period. In order to underpin this research we analyse the postulates of Queer Theory for the pedagogical field, some of the Spanish educational foundations regarding gender, and the roles played by teachers to implement these practices.
Perception of natural and enhanced non-native contrasts in clear speech
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), Barreiro Bilbao Silvia Carmen
Published: June 2022

If learning phonetic contrasts of a language is considered the result of selective attention, it then may be possible to redirect listeners’ attention towards non-native contrasts. In this paper we present an experiment carried out in order to investigate the perception of non-native contrasts by Spanish listeners, in particular, we want to analyse the effects of cue-enhancement on their perceptual performances of 25 different English words containing natural and enhanced sibilants, all presented in clear speech. The results of the experiments showed that the effects of the enhancement varied greatly among the consonants, and across the different vocalic contexts. Moreover, the results did not seem to correlate with subjects’ variables, such as subject’s age, time period of L2 learning or age of L2 learning, although error patterns could be related to the phonological system of Spanish listeners
Constraints on English middle structures: A Lexical-Constructional analysis
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Cortés-Rodríguez Francisco J. , Mairal Usón Ricardo ,   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)
Published: June 2022

This paper provides an analysis of English middle structures within the framework of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM), which proposes a central module, the level 1 or argument module, consisting of elements of syntactically relevant semantic interpretation based on the interaction between lexical and constructional templates. Hence, the first task will be to explain the constructional template corresponding to middle sentences in English by means of the metalanguage proposed in the model. Nevertheless, and following some of the more recent—and still programmatic—proposals (cf. Cortés and Sosa, 2008; Mairal and Ruiz de Mendoza, 2008; Cortés, 2009), the Middle Template will also include its corresponding qualia features, following Pustejovsky’s (1995) semantic theory. This extended system of representation will allow us to give a principled account of the semantic (in)compatibility between lexical elements (predicates and arguments) and the middle construction.
Entonación de las oraciones interrogativas absolutas neutras en el catalán mallorquín. Comparación con el catalán central de Barcelona1 .
Authors:   Universidad de Barcelona (España), Szmidt Dorota T. , Labraña Barrero Sabela ,   Universidad de Barcelona (España)
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la descripción de la entonación de frases interrogativas absolutas neutras. Dentro del marco del proyecto internacional AMPER (Atlas Multimedia de la Prosodia del Espacio Románico), se realiza el análisis acústico de las oraciones interrogativas absolutas neutras sin “que”2 de la variación mallorquina del catalán. Las oraciones son de tres tipos: SVO, SEVO (en las que E es la expansión de sujeto), y SVOE (en las que E es la expansión de objeto). Se analizan los valores de la F0, la intensidad y la duración de las vocales de las frases. La comparación de las realizaciones de las mismas oraciones para el dialecto de Barcelona (Fernández Planas y otros, 2004; Szmidt y otros, 2008) revela ciertas diferencias en la línea melódica en las dos variedades dialectales. Con respecto a la duración y la intensidad, tanto el mallorquín como el barcelonés muestran las mismas características en todos los tipos de oraciones comparados: la duración más larga en el último acento tonal y la intensidad más elevada en el pretonema, acompañada de una disminución en el último acento tonal de la frase.
Association between Chest CT Severity Scores and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination among COVID-19 patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Pune, India
Authors: Atre Ashish Laxman , Atre Akhil , Panchawagh Suhrud , Khamkar Rahul , Chandorkar Aparna , Patil Sunil
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The novel Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is seen to primarily affect the human respiratory system. Chest CT Severity Score (CTSS) provides a semi quantitative assessment of pulmonary involvement in COVID19 patients. COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures such as SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are being deployed worldwide. However, with the emerging variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, a high prevalence of post vaccination breakthrough infections is seen. Aim: To assess the association of CTSS with the vaccination status in a cohort of COVID-19 patients referred to a tertiary diagnostic centre and to evaluate the association of CTSS with other clinical parameters including co-morbidities in these patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care diagnostic imaging centre in the city of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Data of 1002 symptomatic, adult patients who underwent chest CT and SARSCoV-2 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR)/Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) laboratory test between March 13, 2021 and June 22, 2021, were collected. COVID-19 reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) categories and the corresponding semi quantitative CTSS were calculated for each patient. Based on their vaccination status, patients were categorised into three groups: unvaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated. The association of CTSS with various categories of vaccination status, demographics, co-morbidities and stages of the disease of the patients, was evaluated. Results: Of the 1002 COVID-19 patients, 768 (76.6%) were unvaccinated, 190 (19.0%) were partially vaccinated and 44 (4.4%) were fully vaccinated. Mean CTSS in the fully vaccinated cohort was significantly lower (3.75±4.7) than that in the partially vaccinated (6.05±5.7) and unvaccinated (8.29±4.9) patients (mean 3.75 vs. 6.05 vs. 8.29, respectively; (p<0.05). Mean CTSS in patients with no co-morbidities was significantly lower than that in patients with hypertension and diabetes (7.12 vs. 8.75 vs. 10.39, respectively; (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant association was noted between the Chest CTSS and the vaccination status, age, gender, co-morbidities and stage of disease in this large cohort of COVID-19 patients. The study reiterates that full vaccination aids in reducing the severity of lung involvement in COVID-19 infection.
Hepatitis Activity Index and its Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Liver Diseases- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Elangovan Prema Devi , Kannan Subashree , Haridass Rajesh , Prathiba D
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Hepatitis Activity Index (HAI) is a scoring system devised by Ishak K et al., for grading and staging chronic hepatitis. The HAI provides a numerical score that is both objective and reproducible, it may be useful as either an alternative or supplement to the use of conventional pathological terminology in the study and management of chronic hepatitis patients. Aim: To assess the efficiency of HAI scoring in the non neoplastic liver diseases by relating it with the clinical and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from 2010 to 2015. A total of 57 (58%) neoplastic cases and 41 (42%) non neoplastic cases were retrieved. The data was reassessed, HAI score and grade was noted and compared with the clinical and biochemical parameters. Chronic liver disease was classified as chronic viral hepatitis {Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)} or cirrhosis. Alkaline phosphatase levels, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) levels , Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done and the data was represented as frequency and percentage in Microsoft Excel. Results: Among the non neoplastic cases, 21 (51%) belonged to hepatitis and cirrhosis and 20 (49%) belonged to others. In patients with high alkaline phosphatase levels, the predominant HAI score was 4. In cases with high SGOT levels, the predominant HAI score was 5 and 6. In cases with high SGPT levels, the HAI score was 5,6, and 7. Conclusion: The HAI is useful in assessing the extent of active inflammation. It gives an objective guideline to the treating physician. The HAI score in combination with clinical and biochemical parameters offers a better insight into disease severity.
Comparative Evaluation of Morphometry of Mental Foramen using Orthopantomogram and Dry Bones in North Indian Population
Authors: Kaur Ravdeep , Singla Rajan Kumar , Sharma Ravi Kant , Singla Sanju
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Mental Foramen (MF) holds strategic importance in clinical dentistry and oral surgery. Its accurate identification determines the effectiveness of nerve blocks and prevention of postoperative neurovascular complications. Aim: To compare mental foramen on dry bones with their orthopantomogram and to find out if any difference and correlation exist between both modalities . Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Anatomy Department of Government Medical college Amritsar, Punjab, India, from January 2018 to December 2021. It comprised of 200 dry human mandibles belonging to either sex, ranging from dentulous to partial dentulous. Orthopantomagram (OPG) of same mandibles were taken. Study was conducted in two phases. Phase I was dry bone phase and Phase II was radiographic phase. Distance of mental foramen from symphysis menti, posterior border of ramus, alveolar crest, lower border of body of mandible and distance between depth of the socket and mental foramen were evaluated. Student’s t-test for comparison and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied to find any correlation between two modalities . Results: Distance of mental foramen from symphysis menti, posterior border of ramus of mandible, alveolar crest and depth of socket showed statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001) in between dry bone and orthopantomogram on both right and left sides. Actual bone length from mental foramen to symphysis menti,to posterior border of ramus and inferior border of body of mandible was more than it appeared on OPG. Distances obtained with OPG from MF to alveolar crest (dry bone: Right= 13.49±3.46 mm; Left= 13.42±3.49 mm and on OPG: Right= 16±4.15 mm; Left= 15.42±3.84 mm) and to depth of socket (dry bone: Right= 2.48±1.58 mm; Left= 2.70±1.68 mm and on OPG: Right= 3.69±2.08 mm; Left= 4.26±1.99 mm) were magnified. Conclusion: The results of the present study depicted that structures were not equally magnified. Knowledge about magnification at particular region is important before proceeding any surgery in that region.
Production of Glucose Syrup and Energy Bar from Blends of Malted Sorghum and Cocoyam Flour
Authors: Attaugwu R. N. , Anyadioha J. I. , Obuagbaka W. A.
Published: June 2022

Background and Objective: Roots and tuber crops such as Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), yam (Dioscorea alata), taro (Colocasia esculenta) etc are highly grown in tropical Africa and processed into staples such as garri, fufu, lafun etc. which only bring marginal income to the farmers. Reports showed that these tubers may be used as novel substitutes for industrial production of glucose syrups, modified starches and malto dextrins etc. This study evaluated the potentials of using cocoyam flour and malted sorghum in making glucose syrup and the application of the glucose syrup in energy bars production as sweetener.

Materials and methods: The cocoyam cormels were processed into flour while sorghum grains were malted and milled into flour. Glucose syrup was produced from cocoyam and malted sorghum flours mixed at ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 respectively. The energy bars were produced using a composite of cocoyam flour and malted sorghum at the same ratio with the glucose syrup. The glucose syrup was used as sweetener. The products were evaluated for proximate; functional and sensory properties. Data obtained were analyzed statistically.

Results: The results showed that the glucose syrups had dextrose equivalent 26.36-36.64%; brix0 15.05 -16.35; energy bars calorific value 364.35-367.065 kJ/100g. The sensory evaluation showed that the energy bars performed satisfactorily as rated by the panel in taste and overall acceptability.

Conclusion: Based on the result, cocoyam flour could be usefully employed in production of glucose syrup and further applied as sweetener in the production of biscuits and energy bars.
Influence of Meru CBEF Membership Capacity in Executing Their Role on Public Participation
Authors: Gitonga Akubu Silas , Obuba Robert
Published: June 2022

Establishment of the CBEF at the county level via the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) 2012 was designed to increase public involvement in the financial management of the county. The study was anchored under elite mass stakeholder theory. The study employed a descriptive survey with a target population of 76 respondents consisting of 21 members of CBEF and 55 representatives of various groups. A sample size of 69 respondents was selected through purposive sampling for the CBEF members and a simple random sampling for the representatives, the study used questionnaire for data collection which were administered to the participants by the researcher. The collected data was coded; analyzed using a SPSS software inferential statistics were presented in frequencies, tables and figures while descriptive statistics was presented in Mean and standard deviation, a binary logit regression model was suitable to establish the relationship between the study variables. The study stablished that there was a balanced representation in the formation of the Forum with a good balancing between the county executive and non-state representatives with 51.61% being county executive representatives and 48.39% were non- state representatives. The study revealed that an increase in representation can increase the chances of public participation in the budget making process by 2.812 times (Odds Ratio = 2.812). The study concluded that members of the Meru CBEF are involved in county budget making process, and this may have enhanced the public participation since their representatives are given a voice in the process of budget making. The study recommends that the county government of Meru to take in to account the various parameter of public participation in this study for implementation to enhance public participation in budget making process.
Participation in Decision-Making and Perceived Organizational Support as Predictors of Psychological Safety among Secondary School Staff
Authors: Joe-Akunne Chiamaka O. , Edosomwan Henry Samuel , Gladness Samson Chizaram
Published: June 2022

Psychological safety, employee participation in decision-making, and organizational support have become key issues in organizational behavior literature. Consequent to the aforementioned, this study examined employee participation in decision-making and perceived organizational support as predictors of psychological safety among the staff of secondary schools. A quantitative cross-sectional survey and the predictive design were utilized for investigating the direct nexus between the variables. Data were collected from 150 employees working in secondary schools in Awka and Amawbia of Anambra State, Nigeria, using the simple random sampling technique. The participants comprise 78 females (51.8%) and 72 males (48.2%) with a mean age of 30.2 years and a standard deviation of 8.3. Three standardized self-report measures of psychological safety, perceived organizational support, and participation in decision-making were used for collecting the data while regression analysis was used for testing the two research hypotheses via the IBM-SPSS version 23. The result of the study showed that perceived organizational support significantly and positively predicted psychological safety (\(\beta\)= .081, p < .05). Also, employee participation in decision-making was not a significant predictor of psychological safety (\(\beta\)= -.014, p > .05). This implies that an increase in organization support promotes psychological safety, while an increase or decrease in participation in decision-making does not facilitate psychological safety in the organization. Hence, it is recommended that policies governing engagement in management and managerial support should be reformed for employees in secondary schools because of the positive impact it has on psychological safety in the workplace.
Role of Nickel Element for Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation under Pots Conditions in Egypt
Authors: El-Ghamry A. M. , El-Sherpiny M. A. , Ghazi Dina A.
Published: June 2022

Now, there is unprecedented interest in process of non-biological atmospheric nitrogen fixation for plants. So, an exploratory pot experiment was executed during the winter season of 2021/22 at the Farm of Agric. Fac., Mans. Univ., Egypt aiming at answering the question of does nickel element play a role in atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Under alluvial and sandy conditions, the effect of nickel element at different rates i.e., 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1 on the performance and chemical constituents in the straw of wheat plants after 14 days only from sowing were studied, where Ni was added as soil addition after 7 days from sowing in a single application. The findings showed that all studied Ni rates significantly affected all studied parameters of wheat plants grown on both alluvial and sandy soils, where the highest values of fresh and dry weights as well as N, P, K content in straw (%) were recorded when wheat plants were treated with Ni at rate of 10.0 mg L-1, while the lowest values of all aforementioned traits were recorded with wheat plants grown without Ni addition. Generally, it can be noticed that the values of all aforementioned traits increased as the rate of Ni increased.The same trend was found under both studied soils taking into consideration that the values of all aforementioned traits for plants grown on sandy soil were less than that for plants grown on alluvial soil. Generally, from obtained results, it can be concluded that the nickel element may have a hidden role in N fixation and there is a need for other research in future to confirm this.
Comparism of Microscopy and Molecular Diagnosis of Ehrlichia ruminantium in Cattles in Makurdi Benue Nigeria
Authors: Simon Atsuwe Terese , Ugochukwu Obisike Victor , John Udo Edidiong
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Makurdi, is the capital city of Benue State, the food basket of the Nigeria, the city challenged with Ehrlichia ruminantium of cattle  that are responsible for severe losses caused either by negative impact of ticks blood loss or blood related infections, damage to hides and others.

Aim: This study was designed to identify and Characterize Ehrlichia ruminantium of Cattle within Makurdi Nigeria using microscopy and molecular techniques (PCR).

Methodology: Blood sample were collected from a total of 432 cattle of both sexes and analyzed microscopically using thin blood film and DNA examination was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tick-borne pathogens were identified and characterized by PCR amplification using species specific primer of 16s rRNA for Ehrlichia. Data obtained were analyzed using chi square, t-test and P values at less than 0.05 were considered significantly different.

Results: The result of comparison of prevalence of infection of haeomoparasite using microscopy and PCR revealed that, microscopy was not able to detect Ehrlichia while PCR yielded at percentage of 15%, Ehrlichia prevalence. The percentage of prevalence of haemoparasite was highly detected by PCR than microscopy and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Ehrlichia ruminantium in cattle have been seen to be prevalent in Makurdi metropolis and molecular method such as PCR can effectively diagnose the infection.
Impact of Comorbid Conditions in COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Ahmed Touseef , Hussain Toqeer , Arif Maryem , Iqbal Nadeem , Khoso Zubair Ahmed
Published: June 2022

In 2019, an outbreak known as SARS-CoV-2 spread all over the World from China city Wuhan. This epidemic rapidly spread throughout the world from that day, affecting 180 nations. Individuals of all ages were involved in this outbreak, and this spread at a high rate. COVID-19 is thought to lead to death due to its increasingly fast and severe course in people with serious health issues and complications. In this paper the impact of comorbid condition in COVID-19 treatment was investigated. To conduct an automated literature review, statistical information from published articles was gathered between January 20 and April 20, 2020. Immunocompromised patients might be more prone to acquire COVID-19 compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, people with dementia, those 65 years and above, who had comorbidities and COVID-19 had more chance of getting admitted to ICU and dying. That is why immunocompromised patients need more care and attention so that they might not be affected by this outbreak, which may lead to their death.
Desigualdade de renda do trabalho formal por escolaridade, raça/cor e sexo no Rio Grande do Norte - 2007/2017
Authors: Silva Willian Gledson e , Fernandes Vinícius Rodrigues Vieira , Silva Filho Luís Abel da
Published: June 2022

um dos principais determinantes das desigualdades de renda do trabalho está relacionado à desigualdade nos níveis educacionais dos ocupados. Assim, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar os diferenciais de rendimentos no mercado de trabalho Potiguar nos anos 2007 e 2017. Utilizam-se os microdados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – RAIS da secretaria da previdência e emprego do Ministério da Economia do Brasil – MEB. O tratamento analítico se deu por meio do uso de regressões múltiplas estimadas por meio de uma equação Minceriana de rendimentos. Os resultados evidenciam que há disparidades de renda do trabalho, porém, essas se reduzem com a escolaridade, sendo um determinante da diminuição que atuou, eliminando os efeitos dos demais componentes demográficos, como raça/cor e sexo, na desigualdade de rendimentos do trabalho no setor formal da economia Potiguar nos anos em apreço.
Teorias Sobre Inflação: Uma Breve Resenha Descritiva e Didática da Literatura. Uma Introdução ao Tema.
Authors: Santos Jonathan de França , Lages André Maia Gomes
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho consiste em uma revisão de literatura de teorias relacionadas a inflação, aumento generalizado e continuo dos preços. Em um primeiro momento o trabalho explica dois tipos de inflação: demanda, ocorre quando existe um excesso de procura em relação à oferta disponível, e custos, decorre de pressões geradas nos custos e consequentemente repassadas aos preços, assim como, serão demonstradas algumas das teorias que buscam explicar como funciona a dinâmica da inflação. Será feita a descrição de quatro teorias: a monetarista, a visão keynesiana, a teoria da curva de Phillips e por fim a inercial.
Tiki proteins are substrates of membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Li Mingyi , Zheng Jing , Luo Dong , Xu Kai , Zhang Xinjun
Published: June 2022

Tiki proteins represent a new family of Wnt‐specific proteases that inhibit Wnt signalling by cleaving and inactivating Wnt proteins. Tiki proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteases and function in both Wnt‐producing and Wnt‐responsive cells. However, how Tiki proteins are regulated remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that matrix metalloproteinase 15 (MMP15) interacts with TIKI2 and degrades TIKI2 on the cell surface. Functionally, MMP15 relieves the inhibitory effect of TIKI2 on Wnt signalling in Wnt‐responsive cells. We further show that Tiki proteins are substrates of MMP14, MMP15 and MMP16 but not MMP3 or MMP13. Our study provides insights into the potential regulation of Tiki family proteins by other proteases.
Plant endosomes as protein sorting hubs
Authors: González Solís Ariadna , Berryman Elizabeth , Otegui Marisa S.
Published: June 2022

Endocytosis, secretion, and endosomal trafficking are key cellular processes that control the composition of the plasma membrane. Through the coordination of these trafficking pathways, cells can adjust the composition, localization, and turnover of proteins and lipids in response to developmental or environmental cues. Upon being incorporated into vesicles and internalized through endocytosis, plant plasma membrane proteins are delivered to the trans‐Golgi network (TGN). At the TGN, plasma membrane proteins are recycled back to the plasma membrane or transferred to multivesicular endosomes (MVEs), where they are further sorted into intralumenal vesicles for degradation in the vacuole. Both types of plant endosomes, TGN and MVEs, act as sorting organelles for multiple endocytic, recycling, and secretory pathways. Molecular assemblies such as retromer, ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, small GTPases, adaptor proteins, and SNAREs associate with specific domains of endosomal membranes to mediate different sorting and membrane‐budding events. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the recognition and sorting of proteins at endosomes, membrane remodeling and budding, and their implications for cellular trafficking and physiological responses in plants.
Autophagy at the intersection of aging, senescence, and cancer
Authors: Cassidy Liam D. , Narita Masashi
Published: June 2022

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process in which macromolecules undergo lysosomal degradation. It fulfills essential roles in quality controlling cellular constituents and in energy homeostasis. Basal autophagy is also widely accepted to provide a protective role in aging and aging‐related disorders, and its decline with age might precipitate the onset of a variety of diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of basal autophagy in maintaining homeostasis, in part through the maintenance of stem cell populations and the prevention of cellular senescence. We also consider how stress‐induced senescence, for example, during oncogene activation and in premalignant disease, might rely on autophagy, and the possibility that the age‐associated decline in autophagy might promote tumour development through a variety of mechanisms. Ultimately, evidence suggests that autophagy is required for malignant cancer progression in a number of settings. Thus, autophagy appears to be tumour‐suppressive during the early stages of tumorigenesis and tumour‐promoting at later stages.
Tough, Bioinspired Transparent Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Fu Qiang , Aaldenberg Emily M. , Coon Erin N. , Gross Timothy M. , Whittier Alana M. , Abel Brett M. , Baker David E.
Published: June 2022

Transparent materials with high strength and toughness are highly demanded as engineering materials for consumer electronic, structural, and optical applications. Inspired by the “brick‐and‐mortar” structure in nacre, transparent glass/polymer composites have demonstrated an exceptionally high toughness and impact resistance. However, these composites suffer from low strength and low working temperatures due to polymeric components. Herein, a simple bioinspired approach to achieve a combination of high fracture toughness (KIC = 2.0 MPa m1/2) and optical transparency in a lithium disilicate/apatite glass‐ceramic through the creation of an acicular crystalline phase and a weak glassy interface is reported. This bioinspired approach represents a new pathway to manufacturing transparent materials for a variety of applications where mechanical performance is a necessity.
The Synergy of Biomimetic Design Strategies for Tissue Constructs
Authors: Haag Hannah , Dalton Paul D. , Bloemen Veerle
Published: June 2022

The regeneration and repair of complex structures, interfaces, and mechanical properties present in natural tissues remains a challenge. To move beyond simplified tissue engineered constructs, nature is a source of inspiration for complex, hierarchical scaffold designs. Recent advances in additive manufacturing allow for increasingly complex fabrication of architectures that better mimic the multiscale structure‐function relationship found in natural tissues. In this review, scaffold‐based and scaffold‐free approaches and the synergistic use of fabrication technologies (two things make a third) to produce more biomimetic implants are described. Recent advanced scaffold designs such as auxetic mechanical metamaterials and induced fibrillar alignment are highlighted. Next, the pre‐programmed assembly of spheroids, tissue strands, and other modular building blocks without the need for permanent exogenous scaffold support are discussed. Furthermore, the application of hybridized manufacturing processes to fabricate hierarchical functional constructs is outlined for the osteochondral unit, vascular grafts, and peripheral nerves.
Active Ferromagnetic Metasurface with Topologically Protected Spin Texture for Spectral Filters
Authors: Yu Haiming , Chen Jilei , Cros Vincent , Bortolotti Paolo , Wang Hanchen , Guo Chenyang , Brandl Florian , Heimbach Florian , Han Xiufeng , Anane Abdelmadjid , Grundler Dirk
Published: June 2022

Electromagnetic metasurfaces modulate a material's response to electromagnetic waves by specifically arranged elements with dimensions below the wavelength. They have opened new fields of research, including flat optics and nanophotonics on a chip. Ferromagnetic metasurfaces could become the building blocks for manipulation of both microwaves and spin waves (magnons). So far, the functionality of magnonic devices has been limited by high intrinsic damping of the materials employed, suppressing long‐distance spin‐wave propagation. Here ferromagnetic metasurfaces are reported, which are created from periodic arrays of either 15 nm thick Co20Fe60B20, Ni80Fe20 or Co nanodisks on ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) hosting topologically protected vortex states. This device, a reconfigurable spectral filter, operates in the microwave regime near 0.9 GHz and manipulates long‐distance spin‐wave transmission in thin YIG. An efficiency of 98.5% is demonstrated, with the metasurface covering only 15% of the microwave antenna. This first demonstration of a ferromagnetic metasurface opens unprecedented possibilities for on‐chip control of microwaves in low‐damping ferrimagnetic insulators.
Ultrathin Metallic NbS2 Nanosheets with Unusual Intercalation Mechanism for Ultra‐Stable Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhou Jinhui , Shen Yiheng , Lv Fan , Zhang Weiyu , Lin Fangxu , Zhang Wenshu , Wang Kai , Luo Heng , Wang Qian , Yang Huai , Guo Shaojun
Published: June 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show great potential as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and relatively low working potential. However, usually the conversion mechanism seriously hinders the long‐term cycle stability for PIBs due to the huge structural change. Herein, the synthesis of a class of ultrathin metallic 2H‐phase NbS2 nanosheets with large expanded interlayer spacing of 0.65 nm and high conductivity for boosting the potassium ion storage is reported. It is demonstrated that the as‐prepared NbS2 nanosheets show an unexpected intercalation mechanism for potassium ion storage, which is conceptually different from the well‐known intercalation‐conversion mechanism of typical TMDs. As a consequence, the ultrathin NbS2 nanosheets deliver superior rate capability (205.5 mAh g−1 at ultrahigh current density of 10 A g−1) and outstanding long‐term cycling performance (169.5 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 4000 cycles with a very low decay rate of 0.005% per cycle), representing the most stable TMD‐based anode materials for PIBs. Ex situ measurements and first‐principles calculations disclose and interpret that NbS2 nanosheets store potassium ions through only the intercalation mechanism without any conversion reaction taking place in the potassiation/depotassiation process, which highly improves the structural stability of electrode materials, hence promoting the long‐term cycle performance.
Electrically and Magnetically Tunable Valley Polarization in Monolayer MoSe2 Proximitized by a 2D Ferromagnetic Semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Tongyao , Zhao Siwen , Wang Anran , Xiong Zhiren , Liu Yingjia , Xi Ming , Li Songlin , Lei Hechang , Han Zheng Vitto , Wang Fengqiu
Published: June 2022

The emergence of atomically thin valleytronic semiconductors and 2D ferromagnetic materials is opening up new technological avenues for future information storage and processing. A key fundamental challenge is to identify physical knobs that may effectively manipulate the spin‐valley polarization, preferably in the device context. Here, a novel spin functional device that exhibits both electrical and magnetic tunability is fabricated, by contacting a monolayer MoSe2 with a 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor Cr2Ge2Te6. Remarkably, the valley‐polarization of MoSe2 is found to be controlled by a back‐gate voltage with an appreciably enlarged valley splitting rate. At fixed gate voltages, the valley‐polarization exhibits magnetic‐field and temperature dependence that corroborates well with the intrinsic magnetic properties of Cr2Ge2Te6, pointing to the impact of magnetic exchange interactions. Due to the interfacial arrangement, the charge‐carrying trion photoemission predominates in the devices, which may be exploited to enable drift‐based spin‐optoelectronic devices. These results provide new insights into valley‐polarization manipulation in transition metal dichalcogenides by means of ferromagnetic semiconductor proximitizing and represent an important step forward in devising field‐controlled 2D magneto‐optoelectronic devices.
Liquid, Transparent, and Antideformable Thermochromic Photonic Crystals for Displays
Authors: Hu Yang , Yang Dongpeng , Ma Dekun , Huang Shaoming
Published: June 2022

The conventional thermochromic photonic crystal (TPC) gels based on thermally responsive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamides) can switch their reflection signals at different temperatures by changing their lattice distances or order degree. However, these TPC gels exhibit a poor sensing range of temperature (ΔT < 30 °C) and poor antideformation properties, significantly limiting their applications. Here, a new type of liquid and transparent TPC is fabricated through assembling silica particles into the mixture of ethanol and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Different from the conventional TPCs, these liquid TPCs can reversibly alter their reflectance and brightness by temperatures based on the variation of the refractive index contrast (Δn). The liquid TPCs show 1) the unique “off/on” characteristics, 2) outstanding shapeable and antideformable properties, and 3) a large ΔT (80 °C), high sensitivity (reflectance: 0.46% °C−1), fast responsive speed (reflectance: ≈4.75% s−1), and good reversibility (>30 times). It is shown that these TPCs are ideal candidates for visual hot warning labels and temperature‐based display units. This work opens a new avenue for developing advanced stimulus‐responsive photonic materials and upgrades the basic understanding of the color tuning mechanisms.
Single Atom Selenium Substitution‐Mediated P‐Type Doping in Polythiophenes toward High‐Performance Organic Electronics and Thermoelectrics
Authors: Chen Chen , Jacobs Ian E. , Jellett Cameron , Jiao Xuechen , Ponder James F. , Kang Boseok , Lee Seon Baek , Huang Yuxuan , Zhang Lu , Statz Martin , Sun Yuanhui , Lin Yue , Kang Keehoon , She Xiaojian , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Tao , Jiang Lang , McNeill Christopher R. , McCulloch Iain , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: June 2022

Heavy heteroatom substitution of the backbone is an effective strategy to improve molecular packing and charge delocalization in polymer semiconductors. Such a backbone modification also facilitates oxidative doping as a result of reduced ionization potential (IP). Here, the effect of single‐atom selenium substitution on doping and charge transport properties of a class of polythiophene copolymers is explored. The room temperature (RT) conductivities of the doped polymers are significantly enhanced by the selenium substitution for both molecular doping and ion exchange doping. The enhanced conduction is rationalized by the better crystallinity of the selenium‐containing system, which can be reinforced by a chain‐extended ribbon‐phase morphology induced by thermal annealing, which is robust toward doping. The resulting increase in the charge delocalization of the doped selenium‐containing system is evidenced by temperature‐dependent conductivities. In ion exchange doped films the maximum conductivity of ≈700 S cm−1 and a high thermoelectric (TE) power factor (PF) of 46.5 μW m−1 K−2 is achieved for the doped selenophene polymer and signatures of a metal‐insulator (M–I) transition are observed that are characteristics for heterogeneous conduction systems. The results show that single‐atom selenium substitution is an effective molecular design approach for improving the charge transport and TE properties of conjugated polymers.
Magnetic Actuation Enables Programmable Lithium Metal Engineering
Authors: Wu Wangyan , Song Zhenyou , Dai Yiming , Zheng Xueying , Chai Guangyu , Yang Jingbi , Luo Wei
Published: June 2022

Lithium metal anodes may allow the energy density limit of rechargeable lithium batteries to be pushed higher. However, simple and efficient processing technologies for thin Li metal are lacking, which has significantly limited its applications. Herein, the feasibility of engineering Li metal by compositing it with ferromagnetic particles (termed magnetic Li, abbr. M‐Li) is reported. Due to its magnetic response, straightforward processing of M‐Li on diverse substrates with customized patterns and desired thickness is realized. Moreover, when a garnet‐type solid‐state electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) is the substrate, intimate contact between M‐Li and LLZTO is obtained, with a low interfacial resistance of ≈11 Ω cm2. In addition to facilitating movement and wetting on various substrates, magnetic transfer of M‐Li sheets to designated locations is also enabled. The intriguing and brand‐new method for Li metal engineering via magnetic actuation may be adopted by the industrial system for the fabrication of Li metal batteries, extended to other alkali metals and promises further progress.
Converting Brownmillerite to Alternate Layers of Oxygen‐Deficient and Conductive Nano‐Sheets with Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Hu Songbai , Han Wenqiao , Li Xiaowen , Ye Mao , Lu Yao , Jin Cai , Liu Qi , Wang Junling , He Jiaqing , Cazorla Claudio , Zhu Yuanmin , Chen Lang
Published: June 2022

Introducing large oxygen deficiencies while retaining low resistivity is important for enhancing the overall thermoelectric properties in 3d transition‐metal oxides. In this study, a new synthesis route to reconstruct the insulating brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 is adapted. Through a step‐by‐step nano‐blocks modification, a series of highly‐conductive layered structures is evolved, which are [Sr2O2H2]0.5CoO2, [Sr2O2]0.4CoO2, and [Sr2CoO3]0.57CoO2, while still retaining considerable Seebeck coefficient (≈100 µV K−1). Coexistence of low resistivity and high oxygen deficiency is realized in the latter two polymorphs by forming a majority of sintered oxygen vacancies in the rock‐salt layer and a minority of normal oxygen vacancies in the CoO2 layer. A room‐temperature in‐plane power factor of 3.6 mW K−2 m−1, power output density of 4.5 W m−2 at a temperature difference of 28 K, and an out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.33 W K−1 m−1 are obtained in the [Sr2O2]0.4CoO2 thin film that exhibits the highest oxygen deficiency (δ = 2.95), which is on par with Bi2Te3, the benchmark. It is pointed out that proper distribution of oxygen vacancy is essential in tailoring the physical and chemical properties of transition‐metal oxides. The sintered/normal oxygen vacancy layer model provides guidance to the exploration of materials with both low electric resistivity and thermal conductivity.
Differential diagnoses of gallbladder tumors using CT‐based deep learning
Authors: Fujita Hiroaki , Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Nagase Hayato , Kanda Taishu , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Hakamada Kenichi
Published: June 2022

Background

The differential diagnosis between gallbladder cancer (GBC) and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) remains quite challenging, and can possibly lead to improper surgery. This study aimed to distinguish between XGC and GBC by combining computed tomography (CT) images and deep learning (DL) to maximize the therapeutic success of surgery.

Methods

We collected a dataset, including preoperative CT images, from 28 cases of GBC and 21 XGC patients undergoing surgery at our facility. It was subdivided into training and validation (n = 40), and test (n = 9) datasets. We built a CT patch‐based discriminating model using a residual convolutional neural network and employed 5‐fold cross‐validation. The discriminating performance of the model was analyzed in the test dataset.

Results

Of the 40 patients in the training dataset, GBC and XGC were observed in 21 (52.5%), and 19 (47.5%) patients, respectively. A total of 61 126 patches were extracted from the 40 patients. In the validation dataset, the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 98.8%, 98.0%, and 98.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.9985. In the test dataset, which included 11 738 patches, the discriminating accuracy for GBC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (n = 3) was insufficient (61.8%). However, the discriminating model demonstrated high accuracy (98.2%) and AUC (0.9893) for cases other than those receiving NAC.

Conclusion

Our CT‐based DL model exhibited high discriminating performance in patients with GBC and XGC. Our study proposes a novel concept for selecting the appropriate procedure and avoiding unnecessary invasive measures.