bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review on mitigation of food loss and waste in the milk supply chain
Authors: Romadlon Fauzan , Wan Ahmad Wan Nurul Karimah , Shamsuddin Alina
Published: January 2025

One of the challenges of food security programs is reducing food loss and food waste in the supply chain. Food loss and waste (FLW) are not only about quantity loss but also quality loss throughout the milk supply chain. Therefore, a mitigation program is necessary to prevent FLW. This article discusses a systematic literature review on food loss and waste mitigation in the milk supply chain. The review is based on the ROSES (Reporting Standard for Systematics Evidence Synthesis) standard. The study selects articles from two primary databases, Web of Science and Scopus, and three additional databases: Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Dimensions. The review was divided into three themes based on the causes of food loss and waste: animal health, actor performance, and managerial approach. This paper suggests several significant contributions to the body of knowledge and practice. The findings highlight that collaboration among supply chain stakeholders is essential to mitigate FLW. This review gives new insight into FLW phenomena in the milk supply chain and it offers an alternative for the supply chain actors to identify the mitigation strategies.
Analysis the MCA method as a basis decision making value engineering in determining choice of clean water house connection to the house
Authors: Amin Mawardi , Dian Suwandari Yunita , binti Suratkon Azeanita
Published: January 2025

Non-Revenue Water (NRW) or Loss of Water is a term for water that has been produced but does not reach consumers. In Indonesia, NRW is also often referred to as Unbilled Water or ATR. Non-renewable water loss (NRW) is a known quantity that cannot be accounted for but can be monitored.The effects of NRW are increasing operation costs, water leaks, and impaired performance of PDAM. The purpose of this research is to analyze the MCA method as a basis for decision-making value engineering in determining the choice of clean water house connection to the house. The single case study is water treatment in Manado, North Sulawesi. The result of the research is that the new design is a lockable valve, ferrule pursuit fan push-fit elbow has a higher MCA value at 3. The research result is valuable for the government, stakeholders in water treatment, and academicians.
Flow shop manufacturing layout as low carbon approach for application in bonding wire drawing industry
Authors: Rajandran Vinod , Prakash Joshua , Kamaruddin Shahrul
Published: January 2025

Modern manufacturing environments are yet to fulfil the evergrowing competitive supply and demand due to the limitation of conventional production approaches. A low-carbon approach incorporating the change from process to product-centric manufacturing systems could conserve energy while fulfilling supply and demand requirements in a competitive market. Current study had conducted a case study in a bonding wire factory that operates on process-oriented system with job shop layout. Preliminary data collection had assessed the existing practices on the factory's shop floor, and simulation model using WITNESS software was developed using this data. A job shop to flow shop conversion framework was developed with the integration of factors such as shop floor layout, order release, and dispatch rule play crucial roles in the conversion process of the production system. Based on the application of the conversion framework encompassing six future production system models, CL-SPT model which uses flow shop as layout, CONLOAD as order release and shortest processing time as the dispatch rule is selected as the best performing and economical production system. This model enhanced the output and average flow time by 2.7% and 27.7%, respectively, in tandem with low-carbon requisites while retaining machine utilization performance equivalent to the conventional system.
Evaluating climatic vulnerability in India: Moving from risk to resilience
Authors: Nikam Rahul J , Arunachalam Kantha Deivi , Mayani Suranjana V. , Bhattacharya Debleena , Mayani Vishal J. , Sharma Archana
Published: January 2025

Climate adaptation has been a top priority in the UN climate negotiations due to the increasing frequency of extreme weather occurrences. Assessments of Climate Vulnerability and Risk are crucial for designing adaptation strategies and identifying vulnerable locations and individuals. However, there aren't many development projects or efforts in India that focus on Climate Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (VRA), and investment plans don't include climate resilience. The scopes and methodologies of risk identification and vulnerability assessments that are currently in use in India are evaluated in this article. It then offers recommendations for growing adaptation activities at the federal level, along with methodology based on global best practices.
Enhancing throughput in labor intensive assembly lines
Authors: Ang Zixuan , Cheah Chew Keat , Prakash Joshua
Published: January 2025

This study aims to optimize Company X’s labor-intensive production line to significantly improve operational efficiency and reduce long-standing bottlenecks. Company X is located in Perak State, Malaysia. Comprehensive time studies and simulation analyses were conducted to identify key issues and specific bottlenecks affecting throughput and workflow. The research utilized the Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) method and simulation software to predict the next improvement solutions, significantly reducing changeover times. Simulations indicated that implementing SMED could enhance production efficiency by approximately 17%. Additionally, the study found that adding heat press (HP) pallets and upgrading various workstations could increase overall efficiency to 121%, making this approach more cost-effective and saving more resources compared to establishing a new system, which would only achieve a 100% increase in efficiency. The study recommends that Company X focus on incremental upgrades to the existing production line rather than investing in a new system. This strategy ensures a smoother transition and better leverages existing investments. Simulation software played a crucial role in evaluating proposed solutions, helping to mitigate the risks and costs associated with trial-and-error methods. Such strategic evaluations allow for more confident implementation of changes, optimizing productivity and efficiency.
Endothelial Damage in JAK2V617F Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis
Authors: De Moner Blanca , Martinez-Sanchez Julia , Garrote Marta , Ramos Alex , Ventosa-Capell Helena , Moreno-Castaño Ana , Nomdedeu Meritxell , Ojeda Asunción , Escolar Gines , Garcia-Pagan Joan Carles , Arellano-Rodrigo Eduardo , Carreras Enric , Alvarez-Larran Alberto , Díaz-Ricart Maribel
Published: January 2025

Background JAK2V617F-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) exhibit abnormal proliferation of bone marrow progenitors and increased risk of thrombosis, specifically in splanchnic veins (SVT). The contribution of the endothelium to the development of the prothrombotic phenotype was explored.

Material and Methods Plasma and serum samples from JAK2V617F MPN patients with (n=26) or without (n=7) thrombotic debut and different treatments, were obtained (n=33). Cultured endothelial cells (ECs) were exposed to serum samples from these patients and from healthy donors as controls. Changes in markers of inflammation (VCAM-1, ICAM-1), cell permeability (VE-cadherin), production of VWF, extracellular matrix (ECM) reactivity, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways related to stress, proliferation, inflammation (Akt, p44/42, IkBa), and JAK2/STAT3 pathway, were assessed by immunofluorescence, flow adhesion, SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. Additionally, circulating markers of endothelial activation and damage (VWF, sVCAM-1, sTNFRI, thrombomodulin, angiopoietin-2, a2-antiplasmin activity, PAI-1) were evaluated in Patients' plasma.

Results The in vitro studies showed that EC exposure to MPN thrombotic patients' sera resulted in increased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and reduced VE-cadherin expression (p<0.05) at the cell surface. Production and release of VWF to the ECM were higher (p<0.05), with increased platelet adhesion after perfusing whole blood, being more noticeable in response to sera from non-treated patients. Furthermore, intracellular activation of Akt, p44/42, IkBa and JAK2/STAT3 was observed. Moreover, plasma levels of VWF, TNF-R1, VCAM-1, thrombomodulin, and angiopoietin-2 were higher in JAK2V617F+ MPN patients with thrombosis.

Conclusion The present findings suggest that circulating factors in MPNs with SVT debut induce endothelial proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotypes, which are modulated in vitro with MPN treatment.
Midterm Outcomes of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Treating Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: The Impact of Malleable Forceps and Predictors of Surgical Success
Authors: Nakase Kenta , Nagatani Tetsuya , Ishikawa Takayuki , Kato Nobuyasu , Isozawa Yuichiro , Miyake Tomiyuki , Sakai Yosuke , Yokoyama Hayato , Tsukada Tetsuya , Sakamoto Yusuke , Araki Yoshio , Seki Yukio
Published: January 2025

Objective To evaluate the midterm surgical outcomes and factors associated with the extent of resection (EOR), postoperative visual improvement, and risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in cases of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs), including cases utilizing the malleable forceps.

Design Retrospective clinical study.

Setting Single-center tertiary referral hospital.

Participants Twenty-two patients who underwent the EEA for TSMs between November 2013 and April 2024.

Main Outcome Measures Patient characteristics, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Predictors of the EOR, postoperative visual improvement, and postoperative CSF leaks were investigated.

Results The median age was 58 years, with 77.2% being women. The median follow-up was 70.5 months, and the mean tumor size was 23.5 mm. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 18 patients (81.8%), with no recurrence. Adhesion to the optic nerve was significantly associated with the EOR (p = 0.001). The malleable forceps were used in 14 out of 22 cases, and the GTR rate increased to 92.8% (13 out of 14 cases) with this instrument._Postoperative visual improvement was achieved in 16 of 19 patients (84.2%) and was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.02) and the duration of preoperative visual disturbances (p = 0.002). Two patients (9.0%) experienced postoperative CSF leaks, significantly associated with sex (p = 0.04) and Simpson grade (p = 0.032).

Conclusion The EEA yielded favorable outcomes and significant postoperative visual improvement for TSMs, supporting early intervention for symptomatic TSMs and radical treatment for GTR. The malleable forceps can enhance the management of complex procedures.
The Prevalence of Migraine in Children Diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Güzin Yiğithan , Dağdaş Safa Mete , Sarıkaya Uzan Gamze , Baykan Mügen , Gençpınar Pınar , Baydan Figen , Özyılmaz Berk , Doğan Gizem , Kasap Demir Belde , Olgaç Dündar Nihal
Published: January 2025

Purpose Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis, caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. Inflammatory pathways associated with FMF are linked to increased proinflammatory cytokines, which may be related to primary headaches, including migraine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of migraine and other primary headaches in FMF patients.

Methods In this retrospective study, the medical records of FMF patients were analyzed. Demographic data, MEFV gene mutations, and headache histories were collected. The frequency of migraine was compared among patients with these mutations, and statistical analyses were conducted.

Results The study included 148 FMF patients, comprising 56.1% females and 43.9% males, with a mean age of 11.3 ± 3.7 years. A family history of FMF was reported in 77.7% of patients, and 35.8% had a family history of migraine. Headaches were reported in 52.7% of patients: 24.3% non-specific, 15.5% tension-type, and 12.8% migraine. Of those with migraine, 8.1% had migraine with aura, and 4.7% without aura. Headaches were more frequently frontal in patients under 12 years of age and temporal in those aged ≥12 years (p = 0.011). The most common genetic mutations were M694V heterozygous and homozygous, with M694V and E148Q mutations linked to more frequent migraines, although not statistically significant.

Conclusion FMF patients should be screened for primary headaches, particularly migraine. The high frequency of migraine observed in this study suggests that clinicians should particularly consider migraine as a diagnosis in headache episodes experienced by FMF patients.
The Dose-Dependent Effect of Obesity on Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in a Hispanic Population
Authors: Jones Sara I. , Rosenthal Elise A. , Pruszynski Jessica E. , Cunningham F. Gary
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity in a Hispanic population. We hypothesized that obesity confers a dose-dependent risk associated with these outcomes.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 42 weeks gestation at an urban county hospital between 2013 and 2021. Body mass index (BMI) at the first prenatal visit was used as a proxy for prepregnancy weight. Patients were excluded if their first-trimester BMI was not available. Trends in adverse outcomes across increasing obesity classes were assessed.

Results During the study period, 58,497 patients delivered a singleton infant, of which 12,365 (21.1%), 5,429 (9.3%), and 3,482 (6.0%) were in class I, II, and III obesity, respectively. Compared with nonobese patients, obese patients were more likely to be younger and nulliparous with a higher incidence of hypertension and pregestational diabetes. Higher BMI was associated with a significant dose-dependent increase in cesarean delivery (27% for nonobese, 34% for class I, 39% for class II, and 46% for class III obesity); severe preeclampsia (8% in nonobese and 19% for class III obesity); and gestational diabetes (5% in nonobese and 15% in class III obesity). There were significant trends in increasing morbidity for infants born to patients with correspondingly higher obesity classes. Some of these adverse outcomes included respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal intensive care unit admission, fetal anomalies, and sepsis (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion Increasing body mass index is associated with a significant dose-dependent increase in multiple adverse perinatal outcomes in a Hispanic population. Associated adverse maternal outcomes include severe preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and cesarean delivery. Infants born to patients with correspondingly higher BMI class have significantly increased associated morbidity. Often, only higher BMI classes are significantly associated with these adverse outcomes.

Key Points
Influence of Sex in the Development of Liver Diseases
Authors: Zhang Jie-Wen , Zhang Nan , Lyu Yi , Zhang Xu-Feng
Published: January 2025

The liver is a sexually dimorphic organ. Sex differences in prevalence, progression, prognosis, and treatment prevail in most liver diseases, and the mechanism of how liver diseases act differently among male versus female patients has not been fully elucidated. Biological sex differences in normal physiology and disease arise principally from sex hormones and/or sex chromosomes. Sex hormones contribute to the development and progression of most liver diseases, with estrogen- and androgen-mediated signaling pathways mechanistically involved. In addition, genetic factors in sex chromosomes have recently been found to contribute to the sex disparity of many liver diseases, which might explain, to some extent, the difference in gene expression pattern, immune response, and xenobiotic metabolism between men and women. Although increasing evidence suggests that sex is one of the most important modulators of disease prevalence and outcomes, at present, basic and clinical studies have long been sex unbalanced, with female subjects underestimated. As such, this review focuses on sex disparities of liver diseases and summarizes the current understanding of sex-specific mechanisms, including sex hormones, sex chromosomes, etc. We anticipate that understanding sex-specific pathogenesis will aid in promoting personalized therapies for liver disease among male versus female patients.
A strategy for enhancing phosphine oxide passivation capacity of perovskite solar cells by fluorination
Authors: Liu Sichang , Sun Bingqian , Hu Ding , Li Hongxing , Li Yiling , Yang Jia , Liu Gang , Yuan Xiaoming , Chen Hanyue , Ke Lili
Published: January 2025

Perovskite solar cells have experienced rapid development in the last few years due to their excellent photovoltaic properties, and their efficiency and stability have attracted widespread attention. Passivating interfacial defects has been universally recognized as an effective performance enhancement strategy for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but most reported strategies often fail to simultaneously meet the requirements of efficiency and stability. This paper proposes to enhance the passivation function of phosphine oxide by fluorination. On the one hand, P=O is used to form coordination bonds with Pb2+ in perovskite. On the other hand, the strong hydrophobicity of F gives perovskite excellent moisture stability and can hydrogen bond to organic cations in the perovskite. Thanks to its strong chelation with the defect sites, it achieved optimized energy level arrangement, suppressed non-radiative recombination, and excellent operation stability. Consequently, the efficiency of the optimized device increased by 21.6% with a remarkable enhancement of 40 mV in VOC and remained more than 90% of its initial efficiency after aging in air environment for 1000 h, improving both efficiency and stability. This study demonstrates a promising functional modification strategy for constructing efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly PSCs.
Mystery of superconductivity in FeTe films and the role of neighboring layers
Authors: Yao Xiong , Yi Hee Taek , Jain Deepti , Yuan Xiaoyu , Oh Seongshik
Published: January 2025

Since the discovery of superconductivity in the Fe(Te,Se) system, it has been a general consensus that the end member of FeTe is not superconducting. Nonetheless, in recent years, there have been reports of superconducting FeTe films, but the origin of their superconductivity remains mysterious. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of all the reported FeTe films regarding the relationship between their superconductivity and neighboring layers. Based on this review, we show that telluride neighboring layers are key to superconducting FeTe films. Then, with additional new studies, we show that stoichiometric Te content, which can be readily achieved in FeTe films with the assistance of neighboring telluride layers, might be crucial to stabilizing the superconductivity in this system. This work provides insights into the underlying mechanism behind superconductivity in FeTe films and sheds light on the critical role of neighboring layers and stoichiometry control toward manipulating topological superconductivity in FeTe heterostructures.
Cavity correlations and the onset of charge ordering at charged interfaces: A modified Poisson–Fermi approach
Authors: Braga Otávio David , Colla Thiago
Published: January 2025

Charge layering in the close vicinity of charged interfaces is a well-known effect, extensively reported in both experiments and simulations of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) and concentrated electrolytes. The traditional Poisson–Fermi (PF) theory is able to successfully describe overcrowding effects but fails to reproduce charge ordering even in strong coupling regimes. Simple models, yet capable of investigating the interplay between these important interfacial phenomena, are still lacking. In order to bridge this gap, we herein present a modified PF approach that is able to capture layering effects in strong coupling regimes typical of RTIL. The modification is based on the introduction of charge cavities around test-particles, which simply extend the exclusion volume effects to also incorporate the accompanying depletion of charges due to particle insertion. The addition of this simple ingredient is shown to reproduce overscreening and charge ordering, thereby extending the predictive power of the PF approach to strong coupling regimes. Using a linear response theory, we were able to study the emergence of charge ordering based on two characteristic lengths: a wavelength responsible for charge layering, along with a damping length that screens charge oscillations. At large ionic strengths and strong couplings, the system undergoes a transition to undamped charge layering. The transition takes place when the poles of the Fourier components of the linear potential become real-valued. This criterion allows one to identify the transition line across the parameter space, thus delimiting the region of stability against unscreened charge ordering.
Dynamic response of aerodynamic flutter of blooie line during gas drilling in mountain areas
Authors: Liu Dianchen , Yang Peng , Deng Ke , Tian Shijie , Yan Hai , Li Hongtao
Published: January 2025

Gas drilling technology remains a superior method for discovering and protecting oil and gas reservoirs in the petroleum exploration and development industry. However, its widespread application and further advancement have been significantly hindered by safety risks associated with surface equipment. Owing to the constraints of mountainous terrain, the connection of the blooie line inevitably adopts multiple elbow connections. As a result, aerodynamic flutter will occur when high-speed gas flow enters the blooie line, which threatens drilling safety. In this study, a series of comprehensive two-way fluid–structure interaction numerical simulations are conducted on the blooie line with multiple bends to determine its structural responses of the aerodynamic flutter induced by a sudden high-speed gas flow during gas drilling. The results suggest that a large quantity of rock cuttings and rock fragments, suddenly ejected when a high-production reservoir was unexpectedly encountered during drilling, tends to accumulate at the bends, leading to blockages and a reduction in the circulation area. This blockage is found to expose the blooie line to a significant risk of fracture, thereby threatening its structural integrity. The higher the gas production, the more severe the aerodynamic flutter of the blooie line. To address the challenge of blockage on the flutter, novel tank equipment is designed to effectively manage the sudden ejection of massive cuttings, aiming to prevent abrupt blockages in the blooie line during the drilling process. The application of this equipment, integrated into the blooie line, ensures the safety of gas drilling operations.
Determination of microwave material properties at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Arakawa Tomonori , Kato Yuto , Kon Seitaro
Published: January 2025

Quantum information processing systems rely on cryogenic microwave electronics, and printed circuit board (PCB) laminates play an essential role, including integrating quantum chips and connecting microwave circuit elements. In this Letter, we report a method for accurately determining the microwave conductivity and complex permittivity of PCB laminates over a wide temperature range, from 4 to 300 K. The use of higher-order resonant modes of a balanced-type circular disk resonator (BCDR) enables broadband measurements ranging from below 5 GHz to above 20 GHz. Furthermore, a temperature-independent determination scheme is achieved by employing a pair of BCDRs and a cryogenic calibration technique. This method is demonstrated by measuring two commercially available PCB laminates. The results indicate that while dielectric loss is monotonically reduced at cryogenic temperatures, the reduction in conductor loss is strongly suppressed by the surface roughness of the copper foil. Additionally, the obtained conductivity as a function of frequency and temperature fits well with the Gradient Model, allowing for the evaluation of the root mean square roughness parameter.
Neuromorphic synaptic applications of oxygen-deficient BaSnO3 thin films
Authors: Bai Zhongwei , Fan Xuening , Han Xiaorui , Luo Bingcheng
Published: January 2025

Cubic barium stannate (BaSnO3) has emerged as a promising platform for optoelectronic devices due to its remarkable room-temperature electron mobility, high transparency, excellent thermal stability, and flexible doping control. In this work, a photonic synaptic device—an image sensor integrating memory and processing—was proposed based on the persistent photoconductivity of oxygen-deficient BaSnO3 thin films. The device demonstrated a light-tunable response, allowing it to replicate key functions of biological synapses. Importantly, this device can be utilized as a reservoir layer in a reservoir computing system, achieving a recognition accuracy of over 90% when identifying handwritten digit images. This work underscores the potential of BaSnO3 for retinomorphic computing applications.
An innovative 3D-NAND design based on light-emitting cell for high reliability and low power consumption
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Yang Younghwi , Moon Kibong , Baik Seung Jae
Published: January 2025

The advancements in 3D-NAND technology have significantly increased the number of vertically stacked cells, which are controlled via word lines (WLs), enabling higher cell density and reducing costs. However, the increase in vertical cell layers has also introduced challenges such as higher power consumption and diminished current levels, both of which compromise the reliability of memory cells. At the same time, the demand for high cell reliability and low power consumption has been growing, driven by the expanding needs of storage applications in big data and cloud services. In this study, we propose an optically readable light-emitting memory (LEM) as a unit cell within 3D-NAND architecture. This innovative design exhibits both effective memory performance and light-emitting capabilities. Unlike conventional memory cells that require all WLs to be biased during read operation, the LEM requires only a read bias on the selected WL to detect the light intensity, which directly correlates with the stored data state. By applying voltage only to the selected WL, power consumption is reduced by approximately 45%. In addition, issues such as read disturbances and low cell currents that affect cell reliability are effectively mitigated, resulting in an expected improvement in the read window.
Design of spike-timing-dependent plasticity synapses based on CoPt-SOT device and its application in all-spin spiking neural network
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhang Shuguang , Qian Likun , Tao Ying , Jin Fang , Li Huihui , Guo Zhe , Tang RuJun , Dong Kaifeng
Published: January 2025

Spintronic could be used to simulate synapses or neurons due to its multistate storage characteristics. In this work, a reliable design of all-spin spiking neural networks (SNN) based on spin–orbit torque (SOT) devices has been proposed in A1 CoPt single layer. The CoPt-SOT devices exhibited field-free SOT switching, and the magnetization reversal mechanism was inferred to be a combination of domain nucleation and domain-wall propagation as observed through magneto-optical Kerr microscopy images. Moreover, the current-induced SOT switching process of the device exhibited stable multistate magnetic switching behavior, which can be controlled by varying the amplitude and pulse width of the current pulse. Meanwhile, the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) curve was inverted when the SOT switching polarity was reversed by different magnetic fields, and the change in anomalous Hall resistances (ΔRH) in the STDP curve was linearly related to the SOT switching ratio. In addition, at the zero magnetic field, we constructed an all-spin SNN using STDP synapses and leaky integrate-and-fire neurons of CoPt-SOT devices. The handwritten digits recognition rate of this all-spin SNN network was 89.9%. These results substantiate that the CoPt single layer represents a promising hardware solution for high-performance neuromorphic computing, with applicability in the domain of SNN.
Adaptive detached eddy simulations of incident shock-induced separation
Authors: Vayala Siva , Vadlamani Nagabhushana Rao , Sriram R.
Published: January 2025

The low-frequency unsteadiness associated with shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions (STBLI) poses significant numerical challenges for Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes models as well as scale-resolving methods such as direct numerical simulations and large-eddy simulations and requires hybrid methods like detached eddy simulations (DES) from an engineering perspective. The recently developed adaptive DES (ADES) method [Yin and Durbin, “An adaptive DES model that allows wall-resolved eddy simulation,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 62, 499 (2016)], which was originally introduced for low-speed flows and extended to transonic flows, is a promising approach. However, its efficacy for high-speed flows needs to be assessed. In the present study, a compressible version of the ADES method has been implemented and set to test for supersonic flows with complex STBLI features. Impinging STBLI at M∞=2.30 is investigated numerically using compressible ADES method. No inflow turbulence fluctuations are provided in the upstream (time-averaged) boundary layer profile so as to verify the ADES method's capability to predict the low-frequency “breathing” motion of the bubble and the shear layer flapping/shedding in the mid-frequency range, thus demonstrating the significance of downstream mechanism in the unsteadiness associated with STBLI. Time series analysis of surface pressure distribution and modal analysis of numerical schlieren using proper orthogonal decomposition are carried out to understand the dominant mechanisms and associated frequencies. In the interaction zone, starting from the intermittent region to the region downstream of reattachment, a transition of the dominant frequency from low-to-mid-to-high ranges is observed. The separation shock motion and the shear layer shedding are observed to have dominant Strouhal numbers [Stδ0, defined based on the boundary layer thickness (δ0) upstream of interaction] in the ranges of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively, consistent with the literature. From correlation and coherence analyses, it is also observed that the separation bubble is exercising breathing motions at lower frequencies [Stδ0∼O(0.01)] despite lacking the inflow turbulence, thus supporting the downstream influence arguments. The present study demonstrates that the ADES model is capable of predicting essential features of STBLI, including low- and mid-frequency events and a part of high-frequency phenomena.
Stress tunable spin dynamics of a magnetic vortex under resonant magnetic fields
Authors: Rao Xun , Peng Lele , Yan Weichao , Shen Yun , Deng Xiaohua , Dai Guohong
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigated the stress-controlled magnetization processes and dynamic susceptibility of a magnetic vortex in FeGa disk under an external magnetic field. Our primary objectives were to elucidate the nucleation process of a magnetic vortex and explore the modulatory effects of mechanical stress on its behavior. Our findings reveal that the applied stress can regulate the spin arrangement, leading to different hysteresis loops with kinks of different switching processes in the magnetization. Specifically, tensile stress induces a buckling state, facilitating the transition from the parallel spin to the vortex state in smaller disks and introducing a distinct kink in the hysteresis loop. Conversely, compressive stress causes the disappearance of the original intermediate state in larger disks, leading to a smoother hysteresis loop. Notably, the stress-introduced magnetic anisotropy altered the resonance region of the system. These findings offer valuable insights into the design and optimization of magnetic storage devices and magnetic field sensors, highlighting the potential of harnessing mechanical stress as a tuning parameter for enhancing their performance.
Load frequency control in isolated island city microgrids using deep graph reinforcement learning considering extensive scenarios
Authors: He Ping , Huang Xiongwei , He Ruobing , Yuan Linkun
Published: January 2025

To address the challenges of handling the dynamic load variations caused by the unpredictable nature and energy asymmetry of renewable energy sources in isolated microgrids, this study introduces a novel approach known as Learning-Enhanced Load Frequency Control (LE-LFC). This method conceptualizes controllers as autonomous entities capable of making independent decisions. It employs a sophisticated High Scene Generalization Soft Actor-Critic algorithm, augmented with transfer learning, to enhance decision-making speed, generalization, robustness, and efficiency. This algorithm leverages environmental data for interaction, aiming for optimal frequency management and economic operation of isolated urban microgrids. By incorporating a maximum entropy approach, it enhances the robustness of conventional deep reinforcement learning and integrates dominance learning to refine Soft Actor-Critic’s Q-value function update, mitigating overestimation issues and boosting algorithmic performance. In addition, transfer learning is utilized to bolster the agents’ learning efficacy and adaptability to new conditions. Demonstrated effectively in China Southern Grid’s island microgrid setup, LE-LFC emerges as an advanced solution for modern grid variability, offering superior robustness, adaptability, and learning speed, thus enabling flexible and efficient energy system management.
Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and weak phonon–spin coupling of a single Ni atom bonded to iridium-doped graphene
Authors: Han Yan , Wang Xiaobin , Wang Suyun , Wan Jian-Guo
Published: January 2025

We investigate the magnetism and vibrational mode of a single Ni atom bonded to iridium-doped graphene. It is found that the Ni atom exhibits a large magnetic anisotropy energy of 53 meV, and the magnetic anisotropy is perfectly uniaxial. There are no vibrational modes below 40 meV for the Ni atom, which disables the efficient coupling between the spin and phonon at the low magnetic field. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy combining with the weak phonon–spin coupling effectively resists the quantum tunneling and spin flip, making the Ni atom a viable single atom magnet for information storage.
Neural refractive index field: Unlocking the potential of background-oriented schlieren tomography in volumetric flow visualization
Authors: He Yuanzhe , Zheng Yutao , Xu Shijie , Liu Chang , Peng Di , Liu Yingzheng , Cai Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Background-oriented schlieren tomography is a prevalent method for visualizing intricate turbulent flows, appreciated for its ease of implementation and ability to capture three-dimensional distributions of a multitude of flow parameters. However, the voxel-based meshing scheme leads to significant challenges, such as inadequate spatial resolution, substantial discretization errors, poor noise immunity, and excessive computational costs. This study presents an innovative reconstruction approach termed neural refractive index field (NeRIF), which implicitly represents the flow field using a neural network trained with specialized strategies. Numerical simulations and experimental results on turbulent Bunsen flames demonstrate that this approach can substantially improve the reconstruction accuracy and spatial resolution while concurrently reducing computational expenses. Although showcased in the context of background-oriented schlieren tomography here, the key idea embedded in the NeRIF can be readily adapted to various other tomographic modalities including tomographic absorption spectroscopy and tomographic particle imaging velocimetry, broadening its potential impact across different domains of flow visualization and analysis.
Molecular mechanisms of hydrogen leakage and blockage in kaolinite nano-cracks for underground hydrogen storage
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Tianhao , Meng Leran , Wang Xiaoguang , Sun Hai , Zhang Mingshan , Kou Jianlong
Published: January 2025

Underground H2 storage in saline aquifers is critical for advancing the global energy transition through large-scale H2 utilization. However, cyclic stress-induced nano-cracks in caprocks may lead to leakage due to the small size and high diffusivity of H2. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations exploring the occurrence states of H2 and H2O near kaolinite surfaces, particularly focusing on H2 leakage when a nano-crack formed. We examined the effects of basal surfaces (gibbsite and siloxane), water content, and cushion gases (CH4 and CO2). In gibbsite aquifers, H2O formed adsorption layers; while in siloxane aquifers, it appeared as droplets or bridges. Upon nano-crack formation, initial H2 leakage occurred but halted once a critical number of H2O blocked the crack. H2 leakage was generally higher in siloxane than in gibbsite aquifers, except at low water content. Increased water content significantly reduced H2 leakage in gibbsite aquifers by rapidly achieving the critical H2O number, whereas the effect in siloxane aquifers depended on H2O distribution. Cushion gases effectively mitigated H2 leakage. CO2 outperformed CH4 in gibbsite aquifers, while their effects in siloxane aquifers varied based on H2O distribution. CH4 reduced leakage by hindering initial H2 entry into the crack, while CO2 not only impeded initial H2 entry but also assisted H2O in blocking the crack. Our analysis of density distributions, leakage dynamics, molecular configurations, and excess chemical potentials provides insights into H2 leakage and blockage mechanisms in aqueous environments near caprock minerals, facilitating the evaluation of H2 storage feasibility in saline aquifers.
Dynamic mode decomposition and reconstruction of the transient pump-jet propulsor wake
Authors: Li Xinming , Li Han , Zheng Sijie , He Xing , Pan Guang , Huang Qiaogao
Published: January 2025

Comprehensively grasping the wake dynamics of pump-jet propulsor (PJP) lies at the core of developing and fine-tuning future PJP design, particularly the exciting forces suppression and noise reduction. In this work, a pre-swirl stator PJP is considered to investigate its wake dynamics and evolution mechanics. The stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) is implemented for obtaining turbulent flow, and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method is utilized to analyze the wake flow evolution. The numerical results align with the experimental data within an acceptable error and are employed to establish the dataset for DMD. With introducing the modal selection “DMD with criterion (DMDc),” the featured modes of the PJP wake are discussed in detail. Those dominant modes provide a multi-level perspective to analyze flow phenomena and enable the reconstruction of the original flow field within reasonable bounds, achieving the compression of flow information. Modal analysis reveals diverse flow patterns appearing at specific frequencies including the mean flow, tip leakage flow, rotor trailing vortices, as well as multiscale duct and hub wake flow. The turbulence instability in the PJP wake is primarily determined by the modes at the rotor blade passing frequency. The error between the wake flow reconstructed from the top six modes and obtained through SBES is less than 7%. This work broadens the cognition for the evolution mechanics of PJP wake flow field, showing excellent prospects in simplifying the analysis process and the flow simulation, as well as intelligently predicting the future evolution of the flow field.
Our People’s Language
Authors: Gonzales Wilkinson Daniel Wong
Published: January 2025

This book pioneers the study of Lánnang-uè, deeply embedded in Manila’s Lannang community’s culture. It approaches Lánnang-uè not just as a language but as a vibrant social practice, highlighting its variability and complex social meanings (e.g., identity-marking). Over six years and with more than 150 participants, the monograph integrates contemporary, community-focused, and critical sociolinguistic frameworks to explore and document linguistic variation as well as change signaling attrition, challenging reductive academic views. Employing diverse methodologies—surveys, elicitation, interviews, computational modeling, and ethnography— the work offers a nuanced depiction of Lánnang-uè’s diversity. A decolonial stance is advocated, emphasizing the complex practices that define the language and its speakers’ identity. It critiques the idea of a uniform linguistic standard, presenting Lánnang-uè as shaped by local, diverse, and inclusive practices, urging a reevaluation of language ownership and authenticity. This monograph is crucial for scholars in sociolinguistics, language variation, and contact linguistics, informing language revitalization efforts and enriching global discussions on linguistic diversity and discrimination.
TanGIBLE: A selective probe for evaluating hydrophobicity-exposed defective proteins in live cells
Authors: Iwasa Yasuyuki , Miyata Sohtaroh , Tomita Takuya , Yokota Naoto , Miyauchi Maho , Mori Ruka , Matsushita Shin , Suzuki Rigel , Saeki Yasushi , Kawahara Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

The accumulation of defective polypeptides in cells is a major cause of various diseases. However, probing defective proteins is difficult because no currently available method can retrieve unstable defective translational products in a soluble state. To overcome this issue, there is a need for a molecular device specific to structurally defective polypeptides. In this study, we developed an artificial protein architecture comprising tandemly aligned BAG6 Domain I, a minimum substrate recognition platform responsible for protein quality control. This tandem-aligned entity shows enhanced affinity not only for model defective polypeptides but also for endogenous polyubiquitinated proteins, which are sensitive to translational inhibition. Mass-spectrometry analysis with this probe enabled the identification of endogenous defective proteins, including orphaned subunits derived from multiprotein complexes and misassembled transmembrane proteins. This probe is also useful for the real-time visualization of protein foci derived from defective polypeptides in stressed cells. Therefore, this “new molecular trap” is a versatile tool for evaluating currently “invisible” pools of defective polypeptides as tangible entities.
Generation of generalized perfect vortex beam based on dielectric spin-multiplexed metasurface
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xu , Guo Ruixiang , Fu Rao , Liu Xiangmin
Published: January 2025

The perfect vortex beam (PVB) possesses an annular intensity profile diameter independent of topological charge, which has attracted much attention owing to the ability of improving optical fiber transmission efficiency. The composite PVB (CPVB) is mainly based on the superposed multiple Laguerre–Gaussian beams with specific polarization states, which possesses topological charge-relevant spot shaped intensity pattern and the topological charge-irrelevant profile diameter. A series of spin-multiplexed metasurfaces have been designed to generate different PVB and CPVB under different spin light. The CPVB can also be modulated in scaling and rotating manner, which can broaden the dimensions of information. A spin-multiplexed metasurface has also been designed to generate CPVB array with different rotation angles and spot number under different spin light, and the encoding process has also been demonstrated. The uniqueness of these metasurfaces makes this design philosophy very attractive for applications in spin photonics, information encryption, optical communication, and optical information storage.
Advanced framework for intelligent fault diagnosis in rotary machinery with out-of-distribution recognition
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Chen Xiaochi , Xie Jingsong , Li Yuyan , Pan Tongyang , Yang Buyao
Published: January 2025

Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in maintaining mechanical equipment reliability. Deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance in fault diagnosis under closed sample space assumptions. However, the deployment of neural network models in practical industrial environments faces significant challenges due to the emergence of out-of-distribution (OOD) data, particularly novel fault categories that deviate substantially from the initial training assumptions. To address these limitations, we propose a robust fault diagnosis framework incorporating OOD sample detection and adaptive learning capabilities. The framework utilizes a novel Mixture of Experts model (MoEFormer) as the feature extraction mechanism, which enables fine-grained feature representation while enhancing computational efficiency. Furthermore, we introduce a Gaussian density peak clustering algorithm for OOD data identification and autonomous model retraining. This integrated framework enables real-time adaptation and online diagnosis in industrial scenarios where novel fault categories may emerge. Experimental validation was conducted using the bearing fault dataset from the University of Ottawa and the gear fault dataset from Xi’an Jiaotong University. The results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches in identifying unknown OOD faults and achieves superior diagnostic performance. The adaptively updated model attained a diagnostic accuracy of 96.0%, representing a significant improvement of approximately 30 percentage points compared to non-adaptive methods.