bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Record Linkage Approaches for Big Data
Authors: MOHAMED Randa , EL-BASTAWISSY Ali , NASR Eman , GHEITH Mervat
Published: January 2021

Record linkage is a challenging task for Big Data. This paper, hence, attempts to shed light on  record linkage approaches for Big Data by comparing three dimensions involving record linkage phases, dataset properties, and parallel processing approach for Big Data. The current state of art have only conducted comparative studies between record linkage approaches. There has been only one comparative study exploring the whole record linkage framework of the relational database. It is believed that the focus of the present study on the dimensions of the parallel processing approaches for Big Data and dataset properties was worth exploring. It was found that first, data exploration was almost a non-existing phase despite its importance of exploring the dataset being examined; second, techniques that handle data standardization and preparation phase of the first dimension were not extensively covered in the literature which can directly affect the results’ quality; third, the record linkage in unstructured data was not yet explored in literature; fourth, the MapReduce was used in about 50 % of the selected studies to handle the parallel processing of Big Data, but due to its limitations, more recent and efficient approaches had been used, such as Apache Spark and Apache Flink. Apache Spark is just recently adapted to resolve duplicates due to its supporting of in-memory computation, which makes the whole linkage process more efficient. Although the comparative study includes many recent studies supporting Apache Spark, adopting Apache Spark to solve the problem of record linkage is not yet well explored in literature, as more researches need to be conducted. In addition, Apache Flink is still rarely used to solve the record linkage problem of Big Data. Fifth, pruning techniques, used to eliminate unnecessary comparisons, are not adequately applied in the covered studies despite their effect on reducing the search space resulting in a more effective Record Linkage process.
Fibromyalgia, a finally recognized disease
Authors:   Service de Rhumatologie. CHU Beni Messous, Alger - Algérie, Abdellaoui Selma , Bengana Bilal , Boukabous Abdenour , Lefkir-Tafiani Salima
Published: January 2021

La fibromyalgie est un syndrome douloureux chronique associé à une diminution du seuil douloureux. L’absence d’éléments objectifs cliniques ou paracliniques explique les difficultés diagnostiques. Les critères de classification établis par le Collège américain de rhumatologie (ACR) de 2010 révisés en 2016 nécessitent la conjonction d’un score de syndrome douloureux de plus de trois mois et d’un score de sévérité. Ils comportent toutefois certaines limites, en particulier le nombre élevé de symptômes. L’évaluation de la fibromyalgie peut étudier de manière individuelle les divers symptômes, mais sa nature multidimensionnelle nécessite de préférer des méthodes d’évaluation globale, telles que le questionnaire d’impact de la fibromyalgie qui est un index composite explorant les différents symptômes de la FM. Cet article dresse l’état des connaissances présentes sur la fibromyalgie, sa place nosographique, son diagnostic positif, les recommandations diagnostiques pratiques et la prise en charge thérapeutique et sociale appropriée aux patients qui en souffrent.
Mathematical Modeling of Bio Hydrogen Production in Microbial Electrolysis Cell Reactor
Authors: ThamizhSuganya S. , Balaganesan P. , Rajendran L.
Published: January 2021

Mathematical modeling of biohydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cell reactor is discussed. This study explains the mathematical model for the production of hydrogen from a wastewater batch reactor, and it contains a system of non-linear equations. The non-linear differential equation of this model is solved by the Homotopy perturbation method. The approximate analytical expression of this model, concentration of substrate, anodophilic microorganisms, acetoclastic microorganism, hydrogenotrophic microorganisms, and Oxidized mediator are obtained. The effect of various values of the parameters on the reactions is discussed. The analytical solutions are also compared with simulation results and satisfactory the agreement is noted.
Design and Analysis of Dual-Band Circular Patch Antenna for X-Band Applications with Enhanced Bandwidth
Authors: Pradeep Pendli , Satyanarayana S. K.
Published: January 2021

An antenna is a crucial component in the wireless communication system which converts electrical waves to EM waves and vice-versa which leads to revaluation in wireless communication technology. Due to this reason the experiment was performed on a simple circular patch antenna for better radiation along with wide transmission bandwidth. In this paper, a simple circular microstrip antenna structure is designed to operate at dual bands. The proposed antenna consists of a circular radiating patch, a 50-ohm feedline line, a quarter-wave impedance matching transmission line, and a ground plane. It meets significant requirements for large bandwidth, optimized gain, minimum reflections, and small size with high directivity and efficiency. This antenna contains FR4 Epoxy substrate material with permittivity 4.4 and size 36mm x 36mm x 1.67mm. ANSOFT HFSS simulator is used to analyze various parameters like return loss, VSWR, Impedance, and gain. The Resonant Frequency of the designed antenna is 8.77 GHz and 10.6 GHz. with minimum Return Loss of -52 dB and -21.66 dB respectively. It was also observed that 1.005 and 1.2 VSWR at 8.77 GHz and 10.6 GHz respectively.
Investigation of the effect of depressor additives on the rheological properties of oil
Authors: Zainullina A. Sh. , Arystan A. Zh.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of physico-chemical properties of oil fields Uzen, Kenkiyak, Martyshi and study the effect of depressor additives on the rheological properties of oil fields Uzen. The main analyses of oil were carried out, including the content of paraffins, viscosity, pour point. Depressor additives of brands were used during the research MR-1055/980, Deprop 4125, WX 161. It is established that the effect of depressor additives on oil has a positive effect on their physical and chemical characteristics.
Directions of state support for small business
Authors: Kusainova S. B. , Aithodzhaeva G. I.
Published: January 2021

Issues of support and development of entrepreneurship as an integral part of the country's economic policy are considered in all development strategies of the republic and state programs. This article discusses important areas and issues of support and development of entrepreneurship. Each region of Kazakhstan adheres to a set of measures for the development of mass entrepreneurship, including family business. In this regard, the Damu Entrepreneurship Development Fund promotes the quality development of small and medium-sized businesses. The process of forming key tasks in the development of small business is the support of the Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs. The authors analyzed the main directions of support of small business in Kazakhstan from the state, showing the activities of such companies as the Damu Fund and the Atameken Chamber of Entrepreneurs.
Lexical and semantic ways of transmission of expression spatial relations in the novel "The way of Abay"
Authors: Aukhadiyeva Z. Zh.
Published: January 2021

The given article is devoted to the lexical and semantical peculiarities  of the expression of spatial relations in the novel “The Way of Abay”. Considering the three-dimensionality (height, length and width) of the category of space, M. Auezov in his epic “The Way of Abay” scrutinizes the transfer of the state of the objective world in a static and dynamic position, also in a vertical, horizontal and volumetric plane with the help of lexical, lexical and morphological and syntactic language units. The results of the research of this work can be used in the preparation of a system of exercises in the preparation of textbooks and teaching aids based on a national-oriented approach to teaching any non-native language, including a foreign one. In this circumstance we see practical significance of the following research.
Determination of amino acid balancing of proteins of sour-milk product for herodietic food
Authors: Kulazhanov K. S. , Zhaxybayeva E. Zh. , Dikhanbayeva F. T. , Dimitrov Zh. P. , Smailova Zh. Zh.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of a study to determine and calculate the amino acid balance of proteins of fermented milk products for herodietal nutrition based on camel milk. It was found that the introduction of camel milk powder from a plant component, a product from a herb, increases the composition of essential amino acids in the preparation of fermented milk products for heroic nutrition in the following order, leucine - 8.66 g ± 0.2 g. Isoleucine - 4.81 g ± 0.1 g, lysine - 6.72 g ± 0.2, methionine - 3.26 g ± 0.2, phenialanine + tyrosine - 5.72 g ± 0.2, threonine - 6.3 g ± 0.2 tryptophan 1.18 g ± 0.2, valine 6.21 g ± 0.2. In addition to the results, mismatch coefficients were calculated, which have the following numbers: formulation No. 1 - 2.4, formulation No. 2 - 2.5.
Research of qualitative indicators of cacotta cheese
Authors: Dikhanbaeva F. T. , Zhexenbay N. , Mukhtarkhanova R. B. , Alimardanova M. K. , Nagin A. V. , Pistorius G. G.
Published: January 2021

The amino acid composition of semi-soft Caciotta cheese, produced by Stella Alpina LLP was determined. Caciotta cheese, contains a large amount of protein and fat, and is a biologically valuable product. The energy value of cheese ranges from 10 to 18 kJ. 13 amino acids were found in the composition of Cacotta cheese. The research data shows that the largest in content of 7 out of 10 amino acids leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine, lysine, threonine, methionine are non-essential.
Determination of the quality of canned vegetable snacks with various cereals
Authors: Sengirbekova L. K. , Syzdykova L. S.
Published: January 2021

This article presents the canned vegetable snack recipes with various cereals and the results of their quality assessment. During the study, in order to expand the range of canned vegetable snacks, rice in the composition of vegetable minced meat was replaced with buckwheat and millet grits, in the ratio of 90g, 100g, 110g. The article reflects the new recipes of canned vegetable snacks prepared with the addition of millet and buckwheat, as well as studies of the content of heavy metals in the developed types of canned food, which showed their compliance with the standards of GOST 30178-96, GOST 26935-86.
Create a new type of meat pate for preschool and school-age children
Authors: Abimuldina S. T. , Zhussupbayeva D. A. , Ibrayeva A. Т. , Alimova A. I. , Zaimova D. , Shankin A. A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of meat-added products with functional properties for children of pre-school and school age. Studies were carried out taking into account the combination of the ingredient composition to create quality meat products. The production technology has been developed, the product formulation has been developed, microbiological indicators, qualitative indicators have been determined, and production testing has been carried out. The developed pates are enriched with natural biological corrector (NBC) of domestic production, NBC enrich them with micronutrients necessary for directed action: pate enriched with calcium with the addition of poultry meat. According to microbiological studies in preserves «Poultry meat pate»,quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) does not exceed the confidence interval, is 6,6 x 102 CFU/g.
Prospects for the development of down goat breeding in the republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Jurinskaya I. M. , Kenzhebaeva T. E. , Rakhimova S. M. , Niyazbekov B. Zh.
Published: January 2021

Currently, in the Agrarian Programs of the state, due attention is not paid to the goat breeding industry. Meanwhile, support for downy goat breeding predetermines good prospects for the growth of export opportunities in Kazakhstan and the development of the country's light industry. The article presents data on the current state of the goat population. It has been shown that goat down from Kazakh genotypes corresponds to the fineness of Kashmir goats, which means that it is of high value and has every reason to increase its production within the country.
The influence of the powder of nettle on the quality parameters of pasta
Authors: Akhlan T. B. , Zhumaliyeva G. E. , Muldabekova B. Zh.
Published: January 2021

This article defines the physical and chemical parameters of the finished product based on a new technological recipe using corn flour and Urtica dioca l. powder. According to scientific data, the chemical composition of nettle leaves consists of vitamins C, K, b, panthenonic acid, formic acid, carotene and calcium. Therefore, the inclusion of nettle powder in the composition of pasta contributes to improving the function of the heart and lungs, preventing chronic diseases of the liver and bile ducts. The results of the study, organoleptic and physicochemical properties of pasta with the addition of 20% corn flour, and 2% Urtica dioica meet the standards and are considered the best option for making a new recipe of pasta.
Anisotropy and porosity as factors of fluctuations in exothermic processes during grain storage
Authors: Jangurazov B. O. , Akhmedzhanov T. K. , Jangurazov K. B. , Jangurazov R. K. , Jangurazov A. K.
Published: January 2021

Scientific-based assessment and management of the state of stored grain based on reliable information provides a reliable forecast of the direction of interrelated physical, chemical and biochemical processes in order to take timely measures to prevent quantitative and qualitative losses and food safety of grain. Based on the stationary nature of the grain storage process, it is proposed to use a system of differential equations describing the conditions of heat transfer by convective transfer, thermal conductivity, and oxygen diffusion through a layer of anisotropic, porous material to prevent self-heating of the grain. The level of the activation barrier Eа=123 kJ/mol of the grain mass is established as a thermodynamic system, when it reaches a stable internal heat source. To take into account the main factors and forecast possible exothermic processes in the grain mass (on currents, in elevators, during transportation, storage, etc.), it is proposed.
Research of camel shanks proteinhydrolyzates by electrophoregram
Authors: Satayeva Zh. I. , Tayeva A. M.
Published: January 2021

This research aims to study the degree of hydrolysis, determining the nature of protein hydrolyzates, which determine their size and molecular weight by the method of electrophoregram. In this research, a camel pancreas suspension was used to hydrolyze proteins from camel shanks. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to monitor the distribution of proteins and evaluate their molecular weights at different incubation times. Electrophoregram processing using the BioCapt program (Vilber Lourmat, France) determines the nature of the hydrolysis of protein and peptide profiles among hydrolyzates and the hydrolysis time for 8 hours shows the most significant accumulation of low molecular weight compounds with a molecular mass of <20 kDa, which is a favorable result for the potential activity of peptides.
Application efficiency of probiotics in poultry
Authors: Begdildayeva N. Zh. , Akhmetsadykova Sh. N. , Kudaibergenova A. K. , Akhmetsadykov N. N.
Published: January 2021

Due to the growing demand for high-quality poultry and eggs in Kazakhstan, the transition to eco-friendly production is more urgent than ever. The use of probiotics in poultry farms can ensure product safety and economic efficiency. This article presents data on the effectiveness of probiotic drugs used in the world and in domestic poultry farming. It is proved that the introduction of probiotics improves the quality of meat, eggs, and poultry carcass, increases immunity and resistance to antibiotics of 1.5-2% concentration, improves feed conversion by 5-7%, and increases the total body weight from 1.1% to 3.9% compared to control groups. The practical value of this research is to study the market of foreign probiotics used in Kazakhstan poultry farms and study their effectiveness.
The development of new technologies of obtaining ice cream from almond milk
Authors: Mashanova N. S. , Smagulova M. E. , Azimova S. T. , Sataeva J. I.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the technology of obtaining ice cream from almond milk, which is useful for people with diabetes and who have lactose intolerance. The study determined the physical and chemical composition of almond milk and the new finished product. In the proposed new product, there is no sugar in the recipe, which is harmful to the human body in large quantities.dates with a rich vitamin and mineral composition, medicinal properties and high nutritional value are added to give the taste properties.
Designing a wedding dress using the transformation method
Authors: Zhilisbayeva R. O. , Dosanov E. K.
Published: January 2021

The article offers several options for a wedding dress developed using the transformation method. The purpose of this article is the artistic design of a women's wedding set. To achieve this goal, a number of interrelated issues and tasks were considered and solved: the study and use of fashion trends, analysis of creative sources, development of a promising collection of clothing models, and execution of a technical sketch of the model. As a result of the research, a set of wedding dresses was developed.
Study of amino acid composition of filling for extruded grain crops
Authors: Сhomanov U. Ch. , Zhumalieva G. E. , Tultabayev M. Ch , Aktokalova G. S. , Kassimbek R. K. , Shoman A. K.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the amino acid composition of protein filling for extruded grain products is studied. According to research, essential amino acids make up more than 1/3 of all amino acids, which means that the protein filling is of high quality. The article considers covering the daily requirement of amino acids of the body with protein filling. It was found that the protein filling contains a rich amino acid composition, and allows you to get extruded grain products with a long shelf life.
Safety assessment of shoe insoles treated with various biocidal compositions
Authors: Akhmet A. B. , Rakhimova S. M.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the study of the antimicrobial activity of shoe insoles treated with biocidal compositions . Antimicrobial treatment was carried out in distilled water using the following chemical agents: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), salicylic acid (SA), copper sulfate, urea, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), benzoic acid. The antimicrobial activity of the modified materials was determined against test cultures - E. coli and molds p.Penicillium. It was found that the studied samples of shoe insoles have a stable antibacterial effect - the growth inhibition zone is from 2 mm to 4 mm, but there is no fungal resistance.
Role of laparoscopic in diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children at Viet Duc Hospital
Authors: Nguyen Viet Hoa
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Evaluating the role of laparoscopic for diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children.

Material and Methods: Restrospective study, between 6/ 2014 and 6/2017. All the patients are aged from 1 to 16 years with undescended testis underwent laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment in Deparment of pediatric surgery – Viet Duc hospital enrolled.

Results: Of 95 patiens in total had 106 undescended testis diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy. The mean age of patients was 7,5 ± 3,8 years. 44,2% undescended were on the left side, 44,2% were on the right and 11,6% were undescended bilateral. The correct diagnosis by ultrasound accounted in 79,4%. The locations of testis diagnosed by laparoscopic are : intra abdomen in 45,3%, deep inguinal orifice in 16,9%, extra inguinal orifice in 26,4%, no testicle found in 11,4%. The mean time of operation were 67,33± 28,01 pht. Scrotal positions were achieved 74,5%, remove atrophic testis accounted in 7,6%. Stephen- Flowler technique including step I were in 4,7%, step II in 1,9%. The outcome evaluated by testicular positions following 3 months after operation are : good in 79,2%, moderate 13,2%, poor in 7,6%; By classification of Aubert are : good in 81,1%, moderate in 11,3% and poor in 7,6 %. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is not only a highly sensitive diagnostic method to find accurately the location and size of the testes, but also the most effective method to treat impalpable undescended testes.
Results of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication in treatment of achalasia
Authors: Lam Tieu Loan Quang , Lam Viet Trung
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder, which is relatively rare. Patients usually start silently and detect late for months to years. Therefore, laparoscopic Heller myotomy is now considered the surgical procedure of choice for treating achalasia. Anti-reflux procedure usually performed by surgeons is a Dor procedure because of its many advantages, and it is easy to perform in laparoscopic surgery.

Purpose: The objectives of this study is to determine the incidence and complications of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication and determine percentage improvement dysphagia after surgery.

Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed achalasia and underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication at the Digestive Surgery Department of Cho Ray hospital from January 2011 to May 2017.

Results: 23 patients with achalasia were operated on for laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication. 95.7% of patient have dysphagia, regurgitation: 39.1%, and weight loss: 46%. The grade of patients with the highest diameter of the esophagus: 13.04% degree I, 52.18% degree II, 13.04% degree III, 21.74% degree IV. Average surgery time was 150.22 ±

35.63 minutes. Complication in surgery: esophageal perforation occurred in about 13.04% cases, there was 4.35% of bleeding reported. Quality of life after surgery was good and very good at 91.3%.

Conclusion: The results of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication were effective, most patients satisfied the results of surgery. However, the size of this study is limited so it is necessary to follow up with other studies with larger sample size.
Video-assissted thoracoscopic thymectomy: experiences from 103 Military Hospital
Authors: Le Viet Anh ,   Nguyen Van Nam, Nguyen Truong Giang
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction: To investigate clinical and laboratory characteristics of thymoma and to evaluate the early results of VATS thymectomy for thymoma in Military Hospital 103.

Material and Methods: Of 66 thymoma patients with or without myasthenia gravis (MG) underwent VATS thymectomy in Military Hospital 103, from 10/2013 to 5/2018 were enrolled.

Results: The mean age was 47.94 ± 6.3. The male : female ratio was 1.0. MG was present in 86.4% patients, mostly at MG stage IIA. There was no in-hospital mortality or major postoperative complication. The mean operation time was 75 ± 35 min, intensive care length of stay 19 ± 5hr, and postoperative hospital length of stay was 6.5 ± 1.3 days.
Conclusion: VATS thymectomy for thymoma in Vietnamese patients achieved better cosmesis, and was safe for both non-MG and MG patients.
Laparoscopic management of gallstone complications
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Cong ,   Nguyen Tan Trung1, Nguyen Duc Hung1, Nguyen Tran Bao Phi1, Hoang Van Cong,   Do Dinh Cong2, Tran Cong Duy Long2, Le Quan Anh Tuan2, Nguyen Minh Hai2, Nguyen Hong Son2
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Common bile ducts stones are very common diseases in Vietnam and Southeast Aisa. The pathogenesis of the stone is associated with biliary tract infection and intestinal parasiti. The aim of study is to evaluate the results of treatment of gallstone complications by laparoscopis cholecystomy, open the bile duct for gravel, Kehr drainage.
Material and Methods: Prospective study patients with complicated choledocholithiasis were treated with emergency laparoscopic choledocotomy in the first 24 hours. From May 2013 to May 2018.

Results: 83patients, no cases have been converted to open choledocotomy. The mean operation time was 90,75 minutes. There was no intraoperative complication. Postoperative complication consisde of 1 mild infection of umbilical port and 1 mild subhepatic fluid collection. Three cases were treated medically. There was no mortality. The mean hospital stay were 8.72 days.
Conclusion: Laparoscopis cholecystomy, open the bile duct for gravel, Kehr drainage to treat gallstone complications was safe procedure with short hospital lenght stay.
New approach method in minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer: transanal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Nguyen Anh Tuan ,   Ngo Tien Khuong, Nguyen To Hoai, Nguyen Van Du, Pham Van Hiep
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Apply and assess the early results of Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME) for mid and low rectal cancer.

Material and Methods: A prospective study in 45 patients (31 men and 14 women) suffering from mid and low rectal cancer, undergoing TaTME in Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 108 Military Central Hospital, from July 2017 to August 2018.

Results: Pre-operative stages were mrT2: 8.9%, mrT3: 66.7%, mrT4a: 11.1%; mrTx: 13.3%. mrN (+): 73.3%, mrN(-): 20%, mrNx: 6.7%. The mean age was 64.56 ± 10.97 years, the mean body mass index was 20.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2. Low rectal cancer was 60% and mid rectal cancer was 40%. The mean operative duration was 145.33 ± 22.47 minutes. Operative morbidity rate was 33.3%, no operative mortality was detected. The macroscopic quality assessment of the resected specimen was complete in 77.8% nearly complete in 17.8%, the distal resection margin negative rate was 100% and the circumferential resection margin negative rate was 88.9%; The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 4.52 ± 3.74. Postoperative stages were pT0: 6.7%, pT1: 2.2%, pT2: 31.1%, pT3: 53.3%, pT4a: 6.7%; pN-: 68.9%, pN+: 31.1%. Kirwan classification in anorectal function after 6 to 9 months of the operation was: Kirwan I and Kirwan II: 81.2%.

Conclusion: TaTME technique was feasible and safe with the good early outcomes, the high-quality of TME specimens and sphincter-sparing resections for treatment in mid and low rectal cancer.
Outcomes of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with jejunal interposition for proximal early gastric cancer
Authors: Lam Viet Trung , Nguyen Vo Vinh Loc
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Proximal gastrectomy is one of the modified surgical approaches for early gastric cancer located in the upper stomach instead of total gastrectomy. The preserving stomach helps for storage, digestion, and absorption of food and prevents anemia. Proximal gastrectomy with jejunal interinterposition has been reported to prevent and diminuate postoperative complications, such as reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stricture. Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) with jejunal interposition has been reported in the world with promising results. Aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and results of LPG with jejunal interposition for proximal early gastric cancer.

Material and Methods: Descriptive prospective study ofconsecutive cases of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer located in the upper stomach was conducted at Department of Digestive Surgery of Cho Ray hospital from 1/2015 to 6/2018, .

Results: Of 8 cases of LPG for early gastric cancer located in the upper stomach was enrolled. Patients mean age was 55,5. Male/female ratio was 3/1. Tumor located at cardia in 7 cases and in fundus in 1 case. All the tumors were adenocarcinoma at cT1N0M0 stage. Mean operative time was 150 minutes. There was no intraoperative accident. Mean harvested lymph nodes were 5. There was no lymph node metastasis. No morbidity was noted. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. All patients tolerated well with food and have no regurgitation. With mean follow-up period of 28 months, there was no recurrence and mortality.

Conclusion: Our initial case series demonstrated that LPG with jejunal interposition is a feasible, safe procedure and offering good functional and oncological outcomes. Futher follow-up time and more data should be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this operation.
Japanese Firm Response to Changing Regulations: A Dynamic Strategic Group Analysis
Authors: Reddy Sabine , Sudharshan Devanathan , Roehl Thomas
Published: January 2021

Firms must repeatedly respond to changes in the regulatory environment. Rather than focusing only on the response of the industry as a whole, we investigate the variation in response at the firm level. We postulate and find that the firm level response will be contingent on the resource base of the firm and the firm’s degree of isomorphism to past regulatory and competitive conditions. Firms that are most isomorphic appear less able to adjust strategically to drastic environmental shifts. Using dynamic strategic group methodology, we demonstrate this response variation in a sample of Japanese pharmaceutical firms.
Occupational Knowledge Utilities in International Business and Economics
Authors: Dawson Opie , Kang Jay
Published: January 2021

Internet occupational knowledge utilities (OKUs) can aid nations in international trade in applying fair means to improve their comparative advantage. For this purpose properly developed OKUs can provide the knowledge base needed to: • Enhance a nation’s productivity through improved training of its workforce. • Enhance the growth of mall business – a powerful source of innovation in all industries. • Cut costs and increase markets through use of automation technology and E-commerce. • Enhance capital investment through the action of the above activities. We present the need, solution, conceptual schema, technology, funding and motivation required in the development of such OKUs.
Resurgence of Ethnocentrism and its Implications for International Marketing: A Model and Propositions
Authors: Sadrieh Farid , Annavarjula Madan
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the contradictory developments the world is presently witnessing- globalism and growing international interdependencies on the one hand, and, an alarmingly rising trend in nationalism and ethnocentrism on the other. Concepts developed in Anthropology, Social Psychology and Marketing are used to construct a theoretical framework for ethnocentrism. Micro and Macro implications for international marketing are then discussed.
Internationalization Strategies of Medium-Sized German Companies: An Empirical Survey
Authors: Behnam Michael , Gilbert Dirk Ulrich
Published: January 2021

This empirical survey is based on a questionnaire which was distributed to 6,000 medium-sized German companies with international activities. The analyses included responses from a total of 533 enterprises. The areas examined include the importance of globalization, the motives for and the obstacles to globalization, the strategic planning of internationalization, the forms of internationalization adopted, the internationalization of a range of business functions and, finally, the geographical regions targeted by medium-sized German companies in their drive for internationalization. The study offers an up-to-date view of the current situation of medium-sized German companies operating within an international context, and insight into their attitudes towards internationalization.
Rethinking the Asian Financial Crisis Through the Capital Account Crisis Paradigm
Authors: Yoon Yeomin , McGee Robert
Published: January 2021

In this paper the authors rethink the Asian financial crisis that occurred in 1997-1998 through the relatively new capital account crisis paradigm. They argue that this paradigm provides a much more appropriate perspective to frame the questions regarding causes, cures, and preventive measures raised by the Asian crisis, and that it provides a more persuasive explanation for the greater-than-expected severity of the crisis than that which would have been expected from an analysis based on the traditional current-account mode of thinking. he authors conclude that, just as the Great Depression was a tragic testament to the failure of the political process to yield economic policies appropriate for sustaining the economy on a potential growth path, the Asian financial crisis may also be so construed.
Creating Culture of Innovative Entrepreneurship
Authors: Faltin Günter
Published: January 2021

Entrepreneurship has more to it than just self-employment and hard work; to tap its full potential one needs to put emphasis on the generation and development of ideas. Research on creativity suggests that all of us are able to engage in this kind of creative activity. This essay presents techniques for, and examples of, generating entrepreneurial ideas. Its goal is to show that in the present age, which is marked by rising levels of education, growing consumer sophistication and increasing opportunities for comparing values, ideas that are developed in harmony with society's values have good and growing chances for success in the marketplace. Ultimately, a culture of innovative entrepreneurship is envisioned, which is able to incorporate economic, artistic, and social activities as parts of one coherent spectrum of human creativity.
Strategic Interest Analysis for the Organization of the Future
Authors: Sethi A.S. (Jim)
Published: January 2021

The author analyzes the model of Strategic Interest Analysis (SIA) as a fundamental tool that leaders can profitably use in developing productive strategies relevant for the emerging organizations in the new millennium. The author explains the role of SIA in developing mission, philosophy, and strategic intent of an organization. He identifies internal as well as external challenges facing large organizations and the need for aligning vision and organizational culture in an emerging information economy. Guidelines in developing SIA and strategic vision skills are included, as well as critical skills needed for developing interest-based leadership.
Resource Flows within Multinational Corporations: Implications for Subsidiary Strategy
Authors: LiTrond Randøy Jiatao , Randøy Trond
Published: January 2021

Built on the network conceptualization of the multinational corporation (MNC) in the literature, this paper explores three sets of intra-MNC resource flows that facilitate global integration: capital, knowledge, and product flows. By considering both the direction and intensity of the resource flows, this paper presents a framework for analyzing the strategic roles of foreign subsidiaries. We explore this framework with data on U.S. subsidiaries of foreign companies in 46 manufacturing and service industries and 24 MNC home countries. Differences in subsidiary roles are analyzed along two dimensions: the extent to which the subsidiary is a provider of resources to, or a user from, the MNC network. The results provide strong support for differentiated subsidiary roles in relation to the direction and intensity of intra-MNC resource flows. This framework provides managers with better understanding of global integration across subsidiaries.
Foreign Direct Investment by Korean Firms: Profile, Theory, and Implementation
Authors: Nam Sang Hoon , Craig Tim
Published: January 2021

This research investigates the current state of foreign direct investment by firms from South Korea. Korean FDI is found to be increasingly diverse in location and purpose; small and medium sized firms are investing primarily in Asia in search of cheap labor, while large firms are investing in major markets worldwide to secure market share and to acquire and develop technology. The applicability of Dunning’s eclectic theory to Korean FDI is discussed, and theoretical refinements concerning ownership advantages are suggested. Implementation challenges involve HRM, and vary according to whether the labor an investment requires is commodity-like or skilled.
Government Privatization Strategies in Emerging Economies: Whether to Go or All of the Way
Authors: Doh Jonathan , Teegen Hildy
Published: January 2021

We investigate factors that contribute to governmental decisions to fully versus partially privatize state-owned infrastructure services. Drawing from financial economics and strategic management, we develop a model of the decision to partly or fully privatize a given state-owned asset. Using a proprietary database of telecommunications projects in emerging economies, we find that governments are more likely to fully privatize in countries with higher per capita income and lower existing telecommunications infrastructure penetration, and in countries that have made substantial international investment commitments. We also find full privatizations more prevalent in projects associated with local (versus national or international) phone service. The overall findings support a strategic choice perspective of governments??use of privatization as a vehicle to accelerate economic development in technology-intensive industries.
Level of Control, Staffing Policy, and Training Needs for Overseas Units of Multinational Corporations: An Integrative Approach
Authors: Park Hoon , Paik Youngsun , Suarez Duffy Cristina
Published: January 2021

This paper suggests an integrative model in which MNCs combine staffing policy with training requirements given the level of control over foreign operations. The main premise of the paper is that different levels of control need determine the type of personnel and the extent of training required for managing foreign operations. At the highest level of control need, expatriate managers are provided with extensive cultural training. Conversely, at the lowest level of control need, host country nationals are given minimal functional training. When the control needs are moderate, firms can select either expatriates or host country nationals. Since the costs incurred in extensive functional training for host country nationals are usually greater than those for expatriates who require only a minimal level of cultural training, MNCs tend to prefer expatriates to host country nationals.
Economic Reform in the Peoples Republic of China: Resuscitation or Transformation
Authors: Fey Richard , Zimmerman Alan
Published: January 2021

In 1978 Deng Xiaoping brought economic reform to the People's Republic of China. Using modern growth theory to assess the success of the Chinese reforms and the likelihood of continuing economic progress, we find a transformation in total factor productivity (TFP) growth unparalleled in recorded economic history. Moreover established growth economics finds that TFP growth, once established tends to persist at the same rate over long periods of time. While the death of Deng left a vacuum in political leadership, his reforms, crafted with great ingenuity, combined with political change limited to the bare minimum necessary, appear to have established the groundwork for continued growth. Still, a number of policy issues will need to be addressed by the Chinese government if that growth is to be achieved.
The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Upgrading China's Competitiveness
Authors: Dunning John
Published: January 2021

This article assesses the role of foreign direct investment in upgrading the competitiveness of recipient countries with particular reference to the contemporary needs of China. In particular, it examines how this role changes as a country moves along its investment development path, and how host governments have to reorient their locational strategies in order to attract and retain the kind of resources and capabilities, which only foreign firms can provide.
The Eclectic Paradigm: A New Deal?
Authors: Pedersen Kurt
Published: January 2021

The 1970s was a decisive period in terms of theories of internationalization. Suffice it to mention the Uppsala model (1975, 1977), the transaction costs theory (1975) and the Porterian framework which was developed through the late 70s and ultimately presented in 1980. During the 1980s the development was spurred on with increasing emphasis on the process of internationalization. Resource-dependency and the resource-based view were added. 1976 saw the birth of the “eclectic paradigm” which was presented as, and remains, a theory of international production. The theory has now passed its silver anniversary, and this article seizes the opportunity to give the paradigm a routine check. Dunning’s hits and misses are counted, and the conclusion suggests that the usual accusations of over-ambitiousness may be modified in that, in at least one sense, Dunning is underambitious. The eclectic theory might, from the outset, have been presented as a far more general theory of internationalization, thus anticipating some recent elaborations of the paradigm that have added to its relevance as a strategic tool for multinational corporations.
Foreign Direct Investment and Industry Characteristics:Evidence from Chinese Industries
Authors: Liu Xiaohui
Published: January 2021

This paper examines empirically the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Chinese industry using cross-sectional data. The relationship between industry characteristics and the sectoral distribution of FDI is tested based on different sample groups. A test for endogeneity justifies the use of two-stage least square estimation in order to avoid inconsistent results. The evidence suggests that FDI in Chinese industries is significantly influenced by the market size, exports, firm size and the policy towards FDI. The findings from this study generate important policy implications regarding how governments can encourage FDI into technology-intensive industries.
The Low Cost, Differentiation, and Focus/niche Strategies of American, Japanese, and British Companies Operation in the United States: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shah Abhay , Zeis Charles , Regassa Hailu , Ahmadian Ahmad
Published: January 2021

This paper reports the findings of a study that investigates the differences between Japanese, British and American companies (that are operating in the United States) in how they use Porter’s generic strategies of low cost, differentiation, and focus/niche. Specifically, the study addresses the following issues: (1) What constitutes the three different generic strategies of low cost, differentiation and focus/niche? (2) Do American, Japanese, and British companies use different generic strategies in order to gain competitive advantage?
Modeling Country-Specific Risks in Foreign investment Using an Expert-Driven System
Authors: Seddik Meziani Aboubaker
Published: January 2021

Assuming that regulatory obstacles such as capital controls, breach of contract, and other market imperfections are still predominant even in today’s increasingly integrated financial markets, this study demonstrates application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to effectively assess country-specific risks to cross-border investments. The AHP is an expert-driven system that has been applied to numerous fields but has yet to be applied to the assessment and management of country-risk exposure. This study shows that it is also capable of selecting an optimal host country (OHC) for a foreign investment, herein a national market where country-specific risks are least likely to adversely affect its return.
Inhibitors and Enhancers: The Role of Internal and External Stakeholders in the Transition Process
Authors: Kedia Ben , Dibrell Clay , Harveston Paula
Published: January 2021

Since several transition economies faltered after promising starts in the early 1990s, researchers should consider the role of inhibiting and enhancing stakeholders in relation to a developing nation’s political and economic ideologies. We suggest that the role of stakeholders, specifically internal stakeholders, have largely been ignored in the privatization and economic liberalization processes involved in transition economies. These stakeholders should be examined further, as they often act as inhibitors to economic progress rather than enhancers in countries attempting to move from command to market economies.
Making Investment Choices: Japanese MNEs Investing in Australia and the Region
Authors: Maitland Elizabeth , Nicholas Stephen , Economics Research Centre  , Purcell William
Published: January 2021

Regions and countries compete for MNEs. Surprisingly, we know little about policy effectiveness and the relative importance of policy factors and non-policy factors in managerial location decisions. Drawing on internalisation-resource, trade and location theory, this paper develops a model of policy and non-policy location variables, testing the model against 137 Japanese managers??decisions to invest in Australia and the ASEAN5 (Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines). Japanese managers treated Australia and ASEAN5 as different regions, but treated the ASEAN5 as the same region. A range of non-policy variables were ranked higher than policy variables as factors attracting Japanese MNEs to Australia or the ASEAN5, while policy variables were most important in shifting investment between ASEAN5 countries. In a study of incentive effectiveness, managers ranked the same incentive variables for Australia lower than for the ASEAN5. We also discovered that the transfer of parent competencies to subsidiaries in Australia was ranked significantly lower in importance than competencies transferred to ASEAN5 countries. Implications for policy-makers and economic development are drawn.
Foreign Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: a Test of Policy Arbitrage
Authors: Shetty Anand , Manley John
Published: January 2021

Private capital that dominated the foreign capital inflows to emerging markets in the 1990s has been linked to recent financial crises in these markets. This linkage has raised questions about the market’s ability to discipline the flow of capital to emerging markets and the role of policy arbitrage. Policy-arbitrage hypothesis states that international capital flows will arbitrage across national economic policies in search of sound markets. This paper examines the pattern of changes in the foreign capital inflows to emerging markets in the 1990s and tests the policy-arbitrage hypothesis using 22 country-data for a period immediately following the Mexican peso crisis. The test results support the policy-arbitrage hypothesis.
MNCs' Propensities to Reevaluate and Change Foreign Modes of Operations during a Financial Crisis
Authors: Eshaghoff Talin , Gao Tao
Published: January 2021

The major goal was to investigate multinational companies??(MNCs) propensities to reevaluate and change their foreign operational modes during a financial crisis in a big emerging market. We grounded our study in the contingency perspective of foreign entry mode decisions, which implies that foreign entry/operating mode decisions should be dynamic in nature, and fine-tuning should take place whenever major changes occur to contingency factors. In a survey conducted during the current Argentine financial crisis, we found that the majority of multinational firms (64.4%) indeed regarded a reevaluation of the foreign mode of operations during the crisis as important, while about one third viewed it as either neutral or unimportant. On whether to change their level of resource commitments during the crisis, most firms (57.7%) would remain the same, 35.6% prefer small changes, and 6.4% would consider major changes. MNCs using exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and sole ventures were found to be equally patient during the crisis. Exporters and licensors willing to change their foreign operational modes uniformly preferred increases in resource commitments, mostly in the form of FDI. Conversely, 4.2% of joint venture partners and 15.8% of sole venture owners chose to decrease resources during the crisis. The research, managerial, and policy-making implications were discussed.