bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Stimulation of Hydraulic Servo System for Vehicle Test Equipment for Rubber Shock Absorber
Authors: Zhu Cong Ling , Jin Wei Zhu , Gui Wen Seng
Published: October 2010

Development of special rubber shock absorber test equipment for vehicle will become very
important, this equipment can test and analysis of dynamic characteristics for rubber shock
absorber.The paper discusses the problem on optimum design of electro-hydraulic servo system
which drives the vibration set. A closed system for controlling mechanical position or motion using
feedback from the electro-hydraulic servo valve of the device as an input has been used in hydraulic
servo system. The maximum region of design parameters has been defined for hydraulic servo
cylinder as a core element of the electro-hydraulic exciting system. Established the mathematical
model of the system, and the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic servo cylinder are investigated
by utilizing the simulation software MATLAB. The results of computer emulation show that this
method is practical.
Research on Chip Breaking Mechanism of High-Temperature and High-Strength Steel 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V
Authors: Liu Er Liang , Li Yu Fu , Wang X.Z. , Xiao Fei , Liu Xian Li
Published: October 2010

In the process of turning high-temperature and high-strength steel, it is an effective method
for chip breaking with complicated groove insert. In this paper, chip breaking mechanism is analyzed
using the coated complicate groove insert for cutting high-temperature and high-strength steel. The
model of chip curl radios is constructed though analyzing the effect of complicated groove insert on
chip formation. The mathematical formulation of chip section profile coefficient is built through
analyzing influential effect of complicated groove on chip section profile. The chip breaking model is
developed according to chip-breaking criterion. Finally, a full experimental validation of the model is
presented for chip breaking when the workpiece is high-temperature and high-strength steel,
2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V. The tested results show the chip breaking model is reasonable, and the
optimization cutting parameters are obtained.
Research on the Machinability of Hydrogenated Cylindrical Shell Materials (2.25 Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel)
Authors: Zhang Hui Ping , Yan Fu Gang , Wang Yan Xin , Zhai Yuan Sheng , Liu Xian Li
Published: October 2010

Firstly, with studying three typical aspects as cutting force, cutting temperature and chip
breaking behavior, contrast experiments of machinability were made on hydrogenated cylindrical
shell materials (2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V), 45 steel, and stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti). The experiment
results show that the depth of cut ap have a larger effect on the main cutting force FZ and the cutting
temperature θ than the affection of the feedrate f, for that reason, in order to reduce the main cutting
force FZ and the cutting temperature θ, large feedrate situation will be better for machining work of
hydrogenated cylindrical shell materials. When cutting hydrogenated cylindrical shell materials ,
many difficult points appearance, such as large cutting force, high cutting temperature, serious chips
winding, chips difficult to break etc, which has worse machinability even than stainless
steel(1Cr18Ni9Ti).
Applied Research of the Electric Spindle Technology on Sub-Nanometer Crusher with Cellulosine
Authors: Yang Lan Yu
Published: October 2010

Application prospect of the superfine cellulosine with sub-nanometer was analyzed;
technology of the electric spindle was applied into the schizolysis crusher machine. One schizolysis
crusher that could manufacture the superfine cellulosine with sub-nanometer relying on wedge
structure constituted the special structure to form dynamic pressure effect with high pressure using
shearing action between milling cutter with high-speed and stationary cutter. The experimental
results showed that size of the cellulosine formed by the schizolysis cruser has reached 2400 items,
thus, a new manufacturing method on superfine cellulosine with sub-nanometer dimension was
obtained, which provided the practical basis for development and application of manufacturing
technology with the superfine cellulosine with sub-nanometer in our country.
Trail Investigation on Chip of High-Speed and Dry Cutting on Hardened Steel with PCBN Tool
Authors: Qing Zhen Hua , Zuo Dun Wen , Xie Feng , Zhang Chong Gao
Published: October 2010

The high-speed hard and dry cutting chips of hardened alloy-steel with PCBN tool is
presented in this paper: After the work piece temperature measured by ThermaVision infrared
thermometer, it is proved that the heat generated by cutting is carried out by chips; After SEM
analyzed chip it is proved that the cutting temperature is increased and then fallen and the PCBN tool
suitable for high-speed hard and dry cutting. It is suitable for PCBN tool cutting hardened alloy-steel
42CrMo instead of grinding.
High-Speed Milling Toolpath Planning for Aviation Engines Impeller Using POWERMILL Software
Authors: Wang Xue Feng , Sun Chuan Tong , Sun Hong Jiang
Published: October 2010

In this paper, the machining process of integrated impeller is customized basing on the
geometry feature, function characteristics and the processing difficulties. Considering the working
performance and machining rigidity, the rough machining and finish machining toolpath of the hub
are generated in surface projection manner and the finish milling toolpath of blade is created in driver
surface manner providing by the POWERMILL software. After simulating the machining toolpath,
an integrated impeller is machined by 5-axis machining center of HSM 600U.
Finite Element Analysis of Cold Extrusion Combination Mold Interference Fit
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Qian Gui
Published: October 2010

Aiming at the shortage of tradition design method of cold extrusion stress, and according
to the basic equation of elasticity mechanics, the stress distribution at dynamic and static state
interference fit of the interlining and outerlining of combination mold extrusion tube is analyzed by
using ANSYS software .The result shows: The most fit stress is concentrated on the inner surface of
interlining and the contacting surface with the value 1350 MPa, which does not exceed the material
allowable stress.This method can fastly and accurately find the most stress of interference fit, which
provides more convenience and accurate numerical computes method for design and optimization.
Coagulant Prepared by Gangue and its Application in Treatment of Coal Washing Wastewater
Authors: Luo Ke Jie , Ren Guang Meng
Published: October 2010

For solving the question about PFASS production using gangue, the best conditions for
withdrawing the alkali and the silicon from the gangue during producing PFASS were obtained by
using orthogonal experimental method. That is, the best acid soak conditions are: acid soak time(A)
1.5h, ratio of NaCl flux to gangue quality (B) 0.05:1, solid to liquid ratio(C) 1:10; the best alkaline
leaching conditions are: alkaline leaching time 2h, concentration of the lye 5mol/L, solid to liquid
ratio(C) is 1:10. PFASS, a high molecular inorganic coagulant, was prepared by gangue that is a kind
of waste solid in mine. Processing conditions of the coagulant preparation were studied. The
coagulant was used to treat a coal washing wastewater. The experimental results show that effluent
quality is good. SS and turbidity of coal washing wastewater decrease evidently. And huge amounts
of coal can be recycled.
Development and Oxidation of RexOy-Modified Aluminide Coating
Authors: Zhang Jing Chong , Zhou Yue Bo
Published: October 2010

Reactive reactive element oxide RexOy (Re=Ce, Y)-modified aluminide coatings have been developed by the first step of co-electrodeposition of Ni with CeO2 or Y2O3 particls on pure Ni and the subsequent step of diffusional aluminizing on electrodeposited Ni-CeO2/or Y2O3 composite films using pack cementation method at 1100OC for 4 hr. By comparison, aluminizing was also performed with the same condition on an as-deposited Ni film without RexOy particles. The oxidation in air at 900OC indicated that the RexOy (Re=Ce, Y)-modified aluminide coatings were profoundly oxidation resistance as compared to the RexOy (Re=Ce, Y)-free coatings. The effect of CeO2 or Y2O3 on the oxidation behavior is discussed in detail.
Design and Research on Two-Degree of Freedom Spherical Gear
Authors: Yang Chen Sheng , Zhao Shu Ying , Song Sheng Wei
Published: October 2010

This paper deals with the analysis and studies in the tooth profile of robot flexible joint
spherical gear. A new type of two-degree of freedom conical concave spherical gear is proposed,
calculated by analysis of teeth with tapered concave conjugate of the convex teeth shape. The
undercut, overlap coefficient are analyzed and calculated to ensure the rational structure of the
spherical gear. The conical concave tooth is using in the spherical gear, which makes the process of
manufacturing easier and can improve the manufacturing precision and reduce the costs.
An Algorithm for Computation of Radial-Harmonic-Fourier Moments
Authors: Jiang Yong Jing , Ping Zi Liang
Published: October 2010

A fast algorithm for the computation of radial- harmonic-fourier moments (RHFM) is presented in this paper. This algorithm is based on some properties of the radial- harmonic-fourier (RHF) basis functions. As RHF basis functions have specific symmetry or anti-symmetry about the x-axis, the y-axis, the origin, and the straight line of y=x, we can compute one eighth range of the RHF basis functions instead of the whole. Both theoretical analysis and experimental testing show that the fast algorithm makes the time of the computation shorter than the direct method.
Applied Research on Synesthesia Theory in Industrial Design
Authors: Wang Wei , Su Dan
Published: October 2010

Synesthesia is a physical, psychological phenomenon. It has a wide range of expression and application in many areas and can produce wonderful aesthetic experience. In this paper, the theoretical system of synaesthesia was consolidated, combined with industrial design, synesthesia in its application system was researched systemly.
Simulate Measure for Spring Back of Autobody Panel's Edge
Authors: Liu Bai , Liu Ming Jun , Jiang Jun Xia , Zhou Yong Quan
Published: October 2010

With the higher quality requirement of automotive assembly, the demand for forming
precision of the stamping part gets higher. The simulation of resilience around the edge of drawn
parts of autobody panels has become a hot spot of automotive field. Currently, the study on resilience
mainly focused on the principle of resilience of bent parts and its relative control whereas the
investigation on resilience of drawing process is quite less. This paper has studied the object of
automobile cover panel through comparison of captured contour to calculate the resilience of edges of
part, resolve the resilience problems of drawn part, for which the traditional calculation method and
CAE software, focusing on bending resilience issues, couldn’t provide their solution.
Reconfigurable Clamping Device Based on Memory Alloy, Orientation Disc, Majority Column and Telescopic Pole
Authors: Chen Zheng , Wang Ming Di
Published: October 2010

A new design on reconfigurable clamping device based on memory alloy, orientation
disc, majority column and telescopic pole is introduced, its working principle and performance
characters is discussed, then the relative formulas and illustrations are given out. This device is
based on memory alloy, common poles. Through combinations of the poles and orienting the disc,
it can meet requirements of clamping the workpieces at different positions and for different sizes
rapidly. In addition, due to adopting the majority column as clamping parts, which can hold the
workpieces with the different surfaces. Above all, it has a high capability in reconfiguration.
Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics and Structural Options of Micro-Milling Cutter
Authors: Zhu Liang Jie , Lu Wen Zhuang , Zuo Dun Wen , Xu Feng
Published: October 2010

The size and accuracy of the micro-structure is determined by the performance of
micro-milling tool. To reduce the tool vibration and improve the machining quality, research on the
mechanical characteristics of micro-milling tool is necessary. Finite element method was used to
research the mechanical characteristics of micro-milling in this paper. By Mode and Static Analysis,
the natural frequencies and mode shapes of various structure of micro-milling cutter was studied.
The stress and deformation characteristic, including the influence, was also studied. Finally, the
suggestion of optimal structure was supplied.
Study on Predictive Control of Ship Steering Gear System
Authors: Yang Geng Xin , Yu Shi Xiang
Published: October 2010

In this paper a steering gear hydraulic system based on electro-hydraulic proportional
technology is designed in consideration of the complexity and nonlinearity of ship motion. A
control technique of ship course control is proposed with the combination of fuzzy control,
predictive control and traditional PID control. Simulation research was implemented on the ‘Ruiyu’
ship of author’s college. The simulation results show that the new system is easy to control and it
has excellent robustness.
Research of Hydroforming Technology for Special-Shaped Cross-Section Pipe
Authors: Hu Shao Gang
Published: October 2010

The special-shaped cross-section pipe hydroforming technology is a new combinated technology of hydraulic transmission and material forming, the technology is gradually
becoming a new type advanced manufacturing technology, which can develop lightweight structural
parts and has broad prospects for development. In this paper, hydroforming principle of special-shaped cross-section pipe, forming characteristic analysis, and forming key equipment design features are discussed to promote the development of hydroforming technology.
Design of CNC Grinding Machine Especially for C.V Joint Inner Race Spherical Raceway Processing
Authors: Liu Li
Published: October 2010

This dissertation introduces the reform function of CNC grinding machine specially for
automobile c.v joint inner race spherical processing. By analyzing the work piece machining
accuracy requirements. In this paper, the overall reform program design and main components of
structure were described. In addition, a simple structure, high productivity and high automatically
CNC grinding wheel dressing spherical was precisely proposed.
Passivation of the Fe-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloy in HCl Solution
Authors: Xiao H.X. , Zhang J.P.
Published: October 2010

The corrosion behavior of the Fe60Co8Zr10Mo5W2B15 bulk amorphous alloy in 2 mol·L-1
HCl solution was investigated using full immersion test. The results indicated that the
Fe60Co8Zr10Mo5W2B15 bulk amorphous alloy was at the passivation condition in the 2 mol·L-1 HCl
solution, which had the strong anticorrosive ability. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
spectrum of the composition and structural feature of the test sample surface film after passivation
indicated finally, that the passivation of the bulk amorphous alloy is primary due to the oxide
compounds such as ZrO2 and so on formed on the bulk amorphous alloy surface in the HCl solution.
A Co-Evolutionary Contract Net-Based Framework for Distributed Manufacturing Execution Systems
Authors: Wang R.
Published: October 2010

A manufacturing execution system (MES) is the information system of a process which
actively collects processes and analyses the materials, semi-finished goods, finished goods, machine
time, cost etc. on the production site in real time and monitors work in progress (WIP). In this work
we present a service recommender system for active services according to service requestors’ goal in
manufacturing execution system -workflows. The system is modeled as a multi-agent environment
where clients and service agents negotiate using a Co-evolutionary Contract-Net (CeCN).It will
improve the MES performance and capability and operating costs significantly.
Simulation of Temperature Field during 7022 Al Alloy Friction Stir Welding process Based on Dual-Source
Authors: Shao D.L. , Lu W.Z. , Wen D.Z. , Wang H.F. , Huang Ming Min
Published: October 2010

Numerical simulation of temperature field on friction stir welded 7022 aluminum alloy
was studied in this paper. A new dual-source model has been designed and applied to investigate
the variation of temperature field over time. Result shows that temperature of the nodes along the
welding line increased at first and then decreased, the highest nodal temperature of 524°C presents
at the ending position. Temperature of the nodes perpendicular to the welding line rises rapidly
when the source arrived and falls rapidly when it left, and then cools to room temperature linearly
when the source is removed. Simulative result predicts large temperature difference on the plates,
and thermal pretreatment should be conducted before welding.
Study on Al-4.5Cu-3Ce Alloy Semi-Solid Slurry Prepared by Slope Vibration Casting
Authors: Yi Rong Xi , Xie Shi Kun , Zheng Xiao Qiu , Gao Zhi , Guo Xiu Yan , Pan Xiao Liang
Published: October 2010

Al-4.5Cu-3Ce alloy semi-solid slurry has been prepared by using slope vibration casting.
The effects of the pouring temperature, slope length, vibration amplitude and vibration voltage on
alloy solidification microstructure were researched. Experiments show that these parameters play a
significant role on the alloy microstructure. The uniform, small equiaxed microstructure of
Al-4.5Cu-3Ce alloy can be acquired by water-cooled copper mold casting at 680°C with slope length
of 20cm, vibration amplitude of 2cm and vibration voltage of 80v. Its average grain diameter is
28.1um with average roundness coefficient of 0.82.
Precision Control Research on DACS-Based Modern Digital Shipbuilding Technology
Authors: Liu G.X.
Published: October 2010

At present the developed shipbuilding in Japan and Korea, has entered the era of precision
control shipbuilding, our country's shipbuilding industry is during the transition from the margin
shipbuilding to no margin, and try hard to achieve precision shipbuilding, but it needs a very long
time. One of way to achieve target is the full use of modern digital precision control equipment and
software of shipbuilding. The paper is based on DACS precision control system, and deeply analysis
of modern digital control technology shipbuilding is given.
Contact Stress Analysis of NCD Coating on Roll Ball of Ball Bearing
Authors: Yuan Jia Jing , Lu Wen Zhuang , Ma L.J. , Zuo Dun Wen , Xu Feng
Published: October 2010

Chemical vapor deposition nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) film has numerous
unsurpassed properties, among them, bulk modulus, hardness; abrasion resistance and thermal
conductivity are notable ones like polycrystalline CVD diamond film. The super mechanical
properties have made NCD film to be an effective way to improve the resistance performance of the
ceramic bearing and extended its life. The contact stress of bearing ball with NCD coating in elastic
contact was analyzed. Factors such as substrate material, thickness of NCD coating, load and
interlayer material which affect the shear stress distribution of NCD coating on bearing ball were
investigated. The results show that substrate with low elastic modulus and heavy load will enlarge
the difference of equivalent stress value at NCD/substrate interface. Thick film will make the stress
distribution at the interface uniform. Soft interlayer should be inhibited to avoid extra stress in
contact status.
Low Cycling Thermal Fatigue of Large-Scale Marine Diesel Engine Piston
Authors: Xie Rong
Published: October 2010

According to the fatigue and fracture reliability theory, the criterion of piston fatigue crack growth rate da / dN is induced using set-value theory of fatigue and fracture mechanics on the basis of actual safety and life of the marine diesel engine piston. Life analysis and security evaluation of large marine diesel engine piston was implemented with this criterion, which affords an important reference for the application of large marine diesel engine.
Study on Remote Monitoring and Control System for Construction Vehicle
Authors: Song Sheng Li , Huang Shui Jun , Su Fan Tun , Zhang Qi , He Ren
Published: October 2010

This paper is aimed to constitute a distributed system for remote monitoring and control of
construction vehicle. And this system is mainly divided into three parts: intelligent vehicle
monitoring terminal, remote monitoring center and communication system. The functions and
architectures of each part are discussed respectively in detail. The critical technologies of
implementing the system are also deeply studied, which include CAN bus technology, the embedded
system technology, mobile communication technology, database technology and so on. It is indicated
that this system will meet the requirements of all the users and clients, including the field operators,
construction managers, manufacturers, etc.
Research on New Structural Quay Container Crane
Authors: Liu Shan Ping
Published: October 2010

The method to improve the loading and unloading efficiency of container ships was
elaborated in this paper. New structure of bridge support liftable quay container crane, dual-jacklift
quay container crane, dual-lifting quay container crane, high support base quay container crane and
elevator quay container crane was applied to promote the performance of quay container crane. The
working principle and characteristic of those new quay container cranes were analyzed in details.
Study on the Microstructure and Properties of Suspensory Wire in DVD CD-ROM Head
Authors: Wu Lan Ying , Wang Yan Lin , Deng Jing
Published: October 2010

The suspensory wire is widely applied in the fields of DVD CD-ROM head and various
sensors. In this paper, the suspensory wires are analyzed with the SEM, X-ray energy spectrum and
Hydrogen power spectrum et al. The research results show that the alloy composition of the
suspensory wire is the composite materials, which is composed of silver, beryllium and copper
bimetal; The Nano-indentation hardness tester is also did using the hanging Nano-indentation
experiments on the suspensory wire, it’s to obtain more accurate mechanical properties parameters
of material hardness and so on, then we get the average hardness of suspensory wire is 3.891 GPa;
The average elasticity modulus decreases as the aging treatment time increases, and the average
tensile strength increases as the aging treatment time increases.
Investigation of the Precipitation in Mg-Zr Alloys
Authors: Lin Guo Biao , Wang Zi Dong , Zheng Zhong , Liu Lai Feng
Published: October 2010

The Mg-Zr alloys with the Zr contents of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% were prepared
using induction melting, metal mold centrifugal casting process. The microstructures of the alloys
were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum analysis, transmission electron
microscope and their mechanical properties were also measured with tensile test. The results show
that there are many micro- and nano-sized Zr-rich or Zr particles dispersed in Mg-Zr alloys. The
nano-sized Zr-rich particle consists of a rectangle shaped Zr core and its surrounding Mg (Zr) solid
solution shell with round exterior; a single Zr particle appears a coherent lattice relationship with
matrix.
Bulk Diffusion of Homovalent Atomic Probes of Scandium, Lanthanum and Thorium in Single Crystals of Tungsten
Authors: Klotsman S.M. , Tatarinova G.N. , Timofeev Alexander N.
Published: October 2010

The volume diffusion of nonmagnetic homovalent atomic probes (APs) from the IIIB group of the periodic table of the elements (PTE)Sc, La, and Th in Whas been studied by the method of secondary ion mass spectrometry. The Arrhenius dependences have the following parameters: the coefficients DSc - (D0)Sc = (1.4  0.3)10-4 m2s-1 and QSc = (546±4) kJ/mole; the coefficients D¬La - (D0)La = (1.6  0.8)×10-6 m2s-1 and QLa = (41010) kJ/mole; and the coefficients DTh - (D0)Th = 4.4×10-6 m2s-1 and QTh = 447 kJ/mole. It has been found that the coefficients D5dAP(Tm)W of the bulk diffusion of transition 5d APs in W coincide at its melting point (Tm)W. The enthalpies, QWSc,La,Th, of the volume diffusion of nonmagnetic homovalent APs from the IIIB group of PTE increase linearly with decreasing relaxation volumes, , of these APs, which interact with vacancies in W. The sums, (Q + E)WSc,La,Th, of the bulk diffusion enthalpies, QWSc,La,Th, and the relaxation energy, (E)WSc,La,Th, of the environments of homovalent APs diffusing to W are nearly constant.
Study of the Dielectric, Magnetic and Resistive Properties of Various Substances
Authors: Ghorai Amitava , Singh Rabindranath , Hota Mrinal Kanti , Bej Dhananjay
Published: October 2010

The value of dielectric constant of paraffin wax doped with different concentrations of lamp black carbon decreases with the increase in the concentration of lamp black carbon in it. It is a case of loss of dielectric property and gain in conducting property and the specimen behaves as a random binary mixture of conductors and insulators, more specifically, a random network of resistors and capacitors. Anderson Bridge is used to investigate the magnetic permeability and susceptibility of different media inside a solenoid. The resistive property of manganin wire is studied using Kelvin double Bridge.
Improvement of the Modified Dry-Cup Method for Determination of the Diffusion Coefficients of Gaseous Pollutants in Building Materials
Authors: Gonçalves José J. , Silva Gabriela V. , Santos Armando S. , Fernandes Eduardo O.
Published: October 2010

Diffusion and partition coefficients are key parameters for the characterization of building materials as sources and sinks of air pollutants indoors. A simple and rapid experimental method for direct measurement of the diffusion coefficient (D) was presented in a previous article [1]: the modified dry cup method. This method was based upon two existent methodologies, the passive sampling on Tenax TA and the dry cup method, proposed by Haghighat et al. [2]. In the present article, some improvements were made in the experimental set-up in order to obtain more precise results. The previous cup was modified by increasing the number of Tenax tubes, connected to the bottom of the cup, from one to five. The results obtained with both cups were compared. Measurements with single compounds and with three compounds simultaneously were compared in order to evaluate the influence of competition between molecules of different compounds.
Behaviour of Artificial Aging in 6066 Alloy Using Microhardness and Nuclear Techniques
Authors: Badawi Emad A. , Abdel-Rahman M.A. , El-Nahhas Alaa El-Deen A. , Abdel-Rahman M.
Published: October 2010

Many Aluminum-based alloys are strengthened by using a heat-treatment process known as age-hardening. The aim of this work was to produce a high-strength 6xxx-series Aluminum alloy by adjusting the processing conditions, namely solutionizing and artificial aging. It consists of heating the alloy to a temperature at which the soluble constituents will form an homogeneous mass via solid diffusion, holding the mass at that temperature until diffusion takes place, then quenching the alloy rapidly to retain the homogeneous condition. In the quenched condition, heat-treated alloys are supersaturated solid solutions that are comparatively soft and workable, and unstable, depending upon the composition. After solution treatment and quenching, hardening is achieved either at room temperature (natural aging) or via a precipitation heat treatment at a suitable temperature (artificial aging). Precipitation heat treatments are generally low-temperature, long-term processes. Temperatures range from 115 to 190C; times vary from 5 to 48 h. The choice of time-temperature cycles for precipitation heat treatment should receive careful consideration. The objective is to select the cycle that produces an optimum precipitate size and distribution pattern. The mechanical characterization of heat-treatable 6xxx (Al-Mg-Si-Cu based) 6066 wrought aluminum alloys was studied. Their effects were investigated in terms of microstructure using positron annihilation lifetime techniques and monitoring the mechanical properties by mean of Vickers hardness measurements. The hardness is the resistance of a material to plastic deformation, and gives it the ability to resist deformation when a load is applied. The greater the hardness of the material, the greater resistance it has to deformation. The Vickers hardness of 6066 alloy has its maximum value (98) when aged for (10) hours at (175C) after quenching at 530C; so this temperature is the solution temperature of this alloy .The hardness conformed to reference values.
Structure and Hardness of Al-Fe-Ti Alloys
Authors: Bendjeddou L. , Debili M.Y.
Published: October 2010

It is the intention of this paper to present the results of a study of Al-Fe-Ti (26-50Fe-2wt%Ti) cast alloys. We have examined the solidification structure over a wide range of iron contents. Using X-ray diffraction and quantitative microstructural analysis, we have characterized the alloy microstructure and identified second-phase crystallographic structures. The hardness of the alloys was also determined. The solidification structure was modified by the addition of Ti to Al1-xFex alloys.
Electrical Resistivity Improvement by Precipitation and Strain in Al-Cu Thin Films
Authors: Lallouche S. , Debili M.Y.
Published: October 2010

This work deals with Al-Cu thin films, deposited onto glass substrates by RF (13.56MHz) magnetron sputtering, and annealed at 773K. The film thickness was approximately the same 3-4µm. They are characterized with respect to microstructure, grain size, microstrain, dislocation density and resistivity versus copper content. Al (Cu) deposits containing 1.8, 7.21, 86.17 and 92.5at%Cu have been investigated. The use of X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy lead to the characterization of different structural features of films deposited at room temperature (< 400K) and after annealing (773K). The resistivity of the films was measured using the four-point probe method. The microstrain profile obtained from XRD thanks to the Williamson-Hall method shows an increase with increasing copper content.
Density Functional Theory Study of Kink with P in BCC Iron
Authors: Chen Li Qun , Yu Tao , Qiu Zheng Chen
Published: October 2010

The optimal geometries and mechanical properties of a kink with P are studied by applying density functional theory to the ½[111](1¯10) edge dislocation in bcc iron. The calculated impurity segregation energy shows that the P atom can be potentially trapped by the kink, and the doping P preferably segregates to the core region of the ½[111](1¯10) edge dislocation rather than to the <100>(010) edge dislocation. The analysis of the electronic structure indicates that the sideward motion of the kink is impeded owing to strong a interaction between P and neighboring Fe atoms. That is, the P induces a pinning effect on the ½[111](1¯10) edge dislocation. The hybridizations between P and Fe come from P 3p and Fe 3d4s4p. The p and d states have an obvious orientation, which may not be favorable to the toughness of iron. The localized effect of the P-kink complex distinctly affects the electronic structure as well as the energy of the system.
Formulation of Impurity-Vacancy Pair Formation Energy in Fast Diffusion
Authors: Ghorai Amitava
Published: October 2010

In fast diffusion, the impurity diffusion coefficient is much greater than the self-diffusion coefficient. The pair mechanism is here considered to explain fast diffusion. Formulations for the formation of the pair are based upon pseudopotential theory.
Theoretical Study of the Local Distortion for Ni+ in Magnesium Oxide
Authors: Li Xue Mei
Published: October 2010

The local distortion of the impurity Ni+ center in magnesium oxide is theoretically studied by analyzing its electron paramagnetic resonance g factor from the formula of a 3d9 ion under octahedra with tetragonal elongation deformation. The defect center is suggested to exhibit the relative elongation along the four-fold axis by about 0.05 Å of the Jahn-Teller nature. The observed isotropic g factor ( 2.2391) is attributable to the dynamical average of the anisotropic g values under tetragonal elongation due to the dynamical Jahn-Teller effect.
A Study of the Physical Properties of Te15(Se100-xBix)85 Glassy Alloys
Authors: Kumar Kameshwar , Thakur Nagesh , Katyal S.C. , Sharma Pankaj
Published: October 2010

In the present communication, a study was made of the compositional variation of physical properties: average coordination number (), average number of constraints (Ncon), number of lone-pair electrons (L), mean bond energy (), cohesive energy (CE), average heat of atomization (Hs), glass transition temperature (Tg), density (ρ) and theoretical energy gap (Eg) for Te15(Se100-xBix)85 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5at%) glassy alloys. The mean bond energy and the cohesive energy have been calculated using the chemical bond approach (CBA). The glass transition temperature was calculated using the Tichy-Ticha approach, and has been found to increase with Bi content. The mean bond energy is found to be proportional to the glass transition temperature and the average coordination number. It has been found that the average coordination number, average number of constraints, mean bond energy and density increase, whereas the cohesive energy, average heat of atomization and theoretical energy gap decrease with increasing Bi content in Se-Te alloys.
Non-Gaussian Local Density Diffusion (LDD-) Model for Boron Diffusion in Si- and SixGe1-x Ultra-Shallow Junction Post-Implant and Advanced Rapid-Thermal-Anneals
Authors: Wirbeleit Frank
Published: October 2010

Boron diffusion after implant and anneal has been studied extensively in the past, without de-convoluting the Boron diffusion behavior by the initial post implant Boron concentration profile, which is done in this work first time. To support the de-convolution approach, the local density diffusion (LDD) model is selected, because this model is based on just one single arbitrary diffusion parameter per atomic species and host lattice combination. The LDD model is used for Phosphorus and Arsenic diffusion so far and an extension to simulate Boron diffusion in presence of Boron clusters is presented here. As the result, maximum Boron penetration depth post different rapid thermal anneals and the quantification of diffusing and clustering (non-diffusing) Boron in silicon and silicon-germanium host lattice systems are given.
Studies of the EPR Parameters and Local Structure for the Cu2+ Center in Lanthanum Magnesium Nitrate
Authors: Kuang Min Quan , Zhang Shan Xiang , Xu Pei
Published: October 2010

The electron paramagnetic resonance parameters (g-factors and the hyperfine structure constants) for the Cu2+ center in lanthanum magnesium nitrate (LMN) are theoretically studied from the conventional perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d9 ion in tetragonally elongated octahedra. The studied complex is found to exhibit the slight tetragonal elongation (characterized by the relative elongation ratio ρ  4%) due to the Jahn-Teller effect, which may entirely conceal the original trigonal distortion of the host Mg2+ site in LMN. The conventional formulas containing only the metal orbital and spin-orbit coupling contributions are proved to be valid for the Cu2+ center in view of the weak covalency and ligand spin-orbit coupling interactions. This defect is also compared with the similar Cu2+ center of the Jahn-Teller nature on the octahedral interstitial site in the CdSe nanocrystals.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Phosphates in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Media with (2-Hydroxyethyl) Trimethyl Ammonium Hydroxide as Template
Authors: Samadi Maybodi A. , Nejad-Darzi S.K. Hassani
Published: October 2010

Zinc phosphate molecular sieve were synthesized using zinc chloride, phosphoric acid as a zinc and phosphor source, respectively. Different types of zinc phosphates zeolites were synthesized by conventional hydrothermal (using (2-hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide (2-HETMAOH) as new template. Also, ethylene glycol (EG) was utilized as co-solvent and ultrasonic tool was applied as mixer. The influence of the chemical composition of the starting sol-gel and the other parameters such as, Zn/P mole ratio, time of microwave irradiation were studied.
Simulation-Based Apparent Surface Free-Energy Analysis for Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Malik M.Rizwan , Tang Zi Rong , Shi Tie Lin , Liu Shi Yuan
Published: October 2010

Micro/nano outcrops generated on hydrophobic surfaces are vital outcomes of the super-hydrophobic mechanism in the fabrication of miniature batteries, super-capacitors, field effect transistors and electrochemical and biological sensors. In systematized posts positioned on superhydrophobic surfaces, it is critical to alter the contact angle, whilst the retreating one depends upon the post size and spacing. In this paper, it is shown that calculation of the apparent surface free energy concerned with the probe liquid surface tension, and both advancing and receding contact angles (a and r respectively), is useful for bringing special attention to shedding more light on the wetting properties of superhydrophobic surfaces. A simulation is performed, in order to present this interesting phenomenon, which is in reasonable agreement with experiment. It is concluded that the computation supports categorizing the wetting phenomena as well as encouraging further progress in the fabrication of MEMS/NEMS structures with high efficiency, degree of precision, accuracy, uniformity, aspect ratio and through-put.
Comparison of Porosity Measurement Techniques for Porous Titanium Scaffolds Evaluation
Authors: Varella Marize , Ribeiro Alexandre Antunes , Moreira Anderson Camargo , Moraes A.M.C. , Appoloni Carlos R. , Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2010

Porous titanium has been used for grafts and implant coatings as it allows the mechanical interlocking of the pores and bone. Evaluation of porous scaffolds for bone regeneration is essential for their manufacture. Porosity, pore size, pore shape and pore homogeneity are parameters that influence strongly the mechanical strength and biological functionality. In this study, porous titanium samples were manufactured by powder metallurgy by using pure titanium powders mixed with a pore former. The quantification of the porosity parameters was assessed in this work by geometric method and gamma-ray transmission, the non-destructive techniques and metallographic images processing, a destructive technique. Qualitative evaluation of pore morphology and surface topography were performed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The results obtained and the effectiveness of the techniques used were compared in order to select those most suitable for characterization of porous titanium scaffolds.
Use of Sludge as Ceramic Materials
Authors: Morais Leandro C. , Vianna R.S.C. , Campos V. , Fraceto Leonardo F. , Rosa André H. , Büchler Pedro M.
Published: October 2010

Nowadays, with increase amounts of sludge derived from the treatment of domestic sewage put pressure into research on systems for the adequate use of these materials. The aim of the present work is to study the use of sludge ash, from sintering and calcinated process, as a raw material for the ceramic industry. Using the sewage sludge ashes as ceramic raw material there will be no contamination of soil and underground water. Metals and toxic compounds like Al, Fe, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn oxides were analyzed and characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The leached material was chemically analyzed where the integration of oxides into the ceramic matrix of sludge ash was observed. Residual decomposition was analyzed by TG, DTG and DTA curves.
Combustion and Pyrolysis of a Sludge Form Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Morais Leandro C. , Dweck Jo , Campos V. , Rosa André H. , Fraceto Leonardo F. , Büchler Pedro M.
Published: October 2010

The possibility of thermal treatment plants of municipal wastewater is an alternative solution for the final disposition of the sludge produced on small cities as Barueri, a small town of São Paulo State, Brazil. Combustion and pyrolysis of that municipal waste, occurring respectively in air and nitrogen, have been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The main steps of each case were analyzed and Kissinger plots were used to estimate respective activation energies. DTG peaks are more indicated to represent the condition of maximum reaction rates than DTA peaks.
The Effect of Anionic Sorption on the Metakaolinite
Authors: Campos Valquiria , Morais Leandro C. , Rosa André H. , Fraceto Leonardo F. , Büchler Pedro M.
Published: October 2010

This paper reports an investigation on the effect of thermal activation of kaolinite. It is well known that during calcinations (400–650°C), kaolinite loses the OH lattice water and is transformed into metakaolinite or amorphous material. Arsenic is trace element that is toxic to animals including humans. The adsorption of arsenic on kaolinite was investigated at varying pH and thermal pretreatment. Calcination of sample is carried out at 650 °C for 3 h. The decomposition of kaolinite is recorded using methods of thermal analysis. The resultant product is identified by XRD. Laboratory experiments were conducted examining the effect of arsenic by thermally modified kaolinite. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe arsenite and arsenate sorption by the calcined kaolinite. The equilibrium parameters used were based on experimental data obtained for the dynamic adsorption process of arsenic. Removal of arsenate using natural kaolinite was satisfactory, whereas arsenic was not removed by adsorption with thermally modified kaolinite. Moreover, the adsorption of arsenic by kaolinite and metakaolinite decreases with increasing pH.
Comparison of Thermal Analysis, Micro Structural and Compositional of Archeological Indigenous Ceramic (Caninhas Site of Canas - SP) with Actual Clay/Ceramic of Region
Authors: Nakano F.P. , Taguchi Simone P. , Matos C.C. , Ribeiro R.Batista , Rosa Sarinha J.Leone
Published: October 2010

The ceramic material found at the archeological site in Caninhas, shows funerary structures of combustion and various objects of Tupi-Guarani indigenous use. These pieces and fragments were saved and cataloged, in approximately 4000 units. The ceramics present a gradient of color, from ochre to dark gray, when from the surface to the center of the piece, indicating compositional variation caused by inefficient sintering carried out by indigenous people. The goal of this study was to observe the phase transition temperature, decomposition, mass variation and reactions that occur in the archeological and nowadays ceramics (by DSC/TG), together with micro structural analysis (by SEM), phase analysis (by XRD) and chemical composition (by EDS). Ceramics nowadays are sintered with air, in a temperature ranging between 400-800 °C for one hour, and presents heterogeneous microstructure. The archeological ceramics were identified by the ilitte, hydrated alumina, lutecite and quartz phase, and the caulinite, lutecite and quartz phase in clay produced today from that region differs in all characteristics and aspects according to time. The interaction between different areas of expertise is fundamental to aggregate knowledge: the use of ceramic material engineering to archeological application.
Study of Abrasive Ceramic Powders on the Fine Polishing of Metallic and Polymeric Surfaces
Authors: Landsberger Felipe Ortega O. , Couto Antônio Augusto , Zandonadi Alexandre R. , Reis Danieli A.P.
Published: October 2010

Nowadays the polishing products for finishing procedures have a high cost in the finishing process, once these products are imported or made by synthetic diamond. This study shows the polishing effects of several of low cost abrasives ceramic powders available on the national market. The material used in this study were silicon carbide and aluminum oxide, the variables of particle diameter and surface roughness were analyzed. The test samples materials used in the experiments were aluminum, carbon steel 1020, stainless steel 304 and polycarbonate. Finally, a comparative evaluation was showed using metallographic polishers already existent on the market.
Swelling of Brazilian Organoclays in Some Solvents with Application in the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Queiroz M.B. , Rodrigues Simone C.Gallani , Laborde Herve M. , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Glaúcia
Published: October 2010

Brasgel clay has been modified via cation exchange reaction using quaternary ammonium chlorides (stearyl dimethylammonium chloride, Praepagen). Basal spacing, interlamellar structure clay have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The organoclay was characterized by the Foster Swelling test. The results indicated that the quaternary ammonium salts were intercalated between the layers of clay. The Foster Swelling Test results indicated that the affinity of stearyl dimethylammonium chloride, Praepagen occurred in the treated clay tested in all organic solvents (diesel, gasoline, toluene and p-xylene), without and with agitation. the treated sample presented a high swelling capacity (with and without agitation) when tested in gasoline. On the other hand, when inserted in diesel oil without agitation, the treated samples presented low swelling capacity, but when the assay was performed under agitation, it yielded an intermediate swelling capacity. In Toluene, the samples presented intermediate swelling, both without and with agitation. In p-xylene, the samples presented low swelling, without and intermediate swelling, with agitation. Therefore, this clay can be used for the removal of oils and greases from polluted aqueous effluents of the petroleum industry.
Comparative Study of Organophilic Clays to be Used in the Gas & Petrol Industry
Authors: Rodrigues Simone C.Gallani , Queiroz M.B. , Pereira Kleberson R. O. , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Glaúcia , Valenzuela-Díaz Francisco Rolando
Published: October 2010

Brasgel clay and Gray clay has been been subjected to modification through ion-exchange reaction by quaternary ammonium (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB). The samples were studied by X-Ray Diffraction, Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the Foster’s Swelling test. The results indicated that the quaternary ammonium salts were intercalated between the layers of clay. The basal spacing of unmodified Brasgel clay, determined by XRD, was 1.329 nm and after modification it increased up to 2.101 nm. By analyzing the results obtained in this study, particularly those provided by infrared spectroscopy, it was concluded that the treated, organophilic sample (modified with CTAB) comprised CH2 and CH3 groups in its structure, which provides evidence of the efficiency of the organophilization process. Foster´s swelling was carried out with and without agitation in gasoline, diesel, toluene and lubricating oil. The results indicated the samples was organophilic materials, with improved efficiency of Brasgel clay in gasoline and diesel and when compared to Gray clay in the test of capacity for adsorption and Foster´s swelling, the results were similar to kerosene and lubricating oil.