bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diurnal cycle of the smoky marine boundary layer observed during August in the remote southeast Atlantic
Authors: Zhang Jianhao , Zuidema Paquita
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Ascension Island (8∘ S, 14.5∘ W) is located at the northwestern edge of the south Atlantic stratocumulus deck, with most clouds in August characterized by surface observers as “stratocumulus and cumulus with bases at different levels”, and secondarily as “cumulus of limited vertical extent” and occurring within a typically decoupled boundary layer. Field measurements have previously shown that the highest amounts of sunlight-absorbing smoke occur annually within the marine boundary layer during August. On more smoke-free days, the diurnal cycle in cloudiness includes a nighttime maximum in cloud liquid water path and rain, an afternoon cloud minimum, and a secondary late-afternoon increase in cumulus and rain. The afternoon low-cloud minimum is more pronounced on days with a smokier boundary layer. The cloud liquid water paths are also reduced throughout most of the diurnal cycle when more smoke is present, with the difference from cleaner conditions most pronounced at night. Precipitation is infrequent. An exception is the mid-morning, when the boundary layer deepens and liquid water paths increase. The data support a view that a radiatively enhanced decoupling persisting throughout the night is key to understanding the changes in the cloud diurnal cycle when the boundary layer is smokier. Under these conditions, the nighttime stratiform cloud layer does not always recouple to the sub-cloud layer, and the decoupling maintains more moisture within the sub-cloud layer. After the sun rises, enhanced shortwave absorption in a smokier boundary layer can drive a vertical ascent that momentarily couples the sub-cloud layer to the cloud layer, deepening the boundary layer and ventilating moisture throughout, a process that may also be aided by a shift to smaller droplets. After noon, shortwave absorption within smokier boundary layers again reduces the upper-level stratiform cloud and the sub-cloud relative humidity, discouraging further cumulus development and again strengthening a decoupling that lasts longer into the night. The novel diurnal mechanism provides a new challenge for cloud models to emulate. The lower free troposphere above cloud is more likely to be cooler, when boundary layer smoke is present, and lower free-tropospheric winds are stronger and more northeasterly, with both (meteorological) influences supporting further smoke entrainment into the boundary layer from above.
The Pacific Ocean heat engine: global climate's regulator
Authors: Jones Roger N. , Ricketts James H.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Climate change is routinely represented as a smoothly changing signal surrounded by statistical noise. However, on decadal timescales, warming proceeds as a sequence of steady-state regimes punctuated by abrupt shifts. Here we present evidence that this process is regulated by a heat engine spanning the tropical Pacific Ocean. The eastern-central Pacific maintains steady-state conditions, collecting heat and delivering it to the Western Pacific warm pool. This acts as distributor, transporting heat upwards and to the poles. The heat engine is networked within the climate system, linking different oscillations and circulations as heat energy is dissipated. The process is self-regulating. Steady-state regimes will persist until they become unstable and need more or less power depending on the direction of forcing. Under greenhouse gas forcing, shifts initiated within the heat engine propagate broadly across the shallow ocean, followed by warming over land and at higher latitudes. The heat engine was in free mode during the early 20th century, dominated by decadal variability. From the 1960s, it switched into forced mode, initiating a stepladder-like pattern of warming in regional and global climate. The most recent shift commenced in the warm pool in December 2012, ending the so-called hiatus (1997–2013). During 2014–15, surface temperatures warmed abruptly by ~ 0.25 °C globally and > 0.5 °C over northern hemisphere land and high latitudes. With increasing forcing, the heat engine will shift more frequently. Rapid decreases in greenhouse gas emissions will slow the process and potentially, could stabilise it. Managing unavoidable change requires developing the capacity to predict shifts in advance. Planning for rapid changes in extreme events is an urgent priority.
The PROFOUND database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on forests
Authors: Reyer Christopher P. O. , Silveyra Gonzalez Ramiro , Dolos Klara , Hartig Florian , Hauf Ylva , Noack Matthias , Lasch-Born Petra , Rötzer Thomas , Pretzsch Hans , Mesenburg Henning , Fleck Stefan , Wagner Markus , Bolte Andreas , Sanders Tanja G. M. , Kolari Pasi , Mäkelä Annikki , Vesala Timo , Mammarella Ivan , Pumpanen Jukka , Collalti Alessio , Trotta Carlo , Matteucci Giorgio , D'Andrea Ettore , Foltýnová Lenka , Krejza Jan , Ibrom Andreas , Pilegaard Kim , Loustau Denis , Bonnefond Jean-Marc , Berbigier Paul , Picart Delphine , Lafont Sébastien , Dietze Michael , Cameron David , Vieno Massimo , Tian Hanqin , Palacios-Orueta Alicia , Cicuendez Victor , Recuero Laura , Wiese Klaus , Büchner Matthias , Lange Stefan , Volkholz Jan , Kim Hyungjun , Weedon Graham P. , Sheffield Justin , Vega del Valle Iliusi , Suckow Felicitas , Horemans Joanna A. , Martel Simon , Bohn Friedrich , Steinkamp Jörg , Chikalanov Alexander , Mahnken Mats , Gutsch Martin , Frieler Katja
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Process-based vegetation models are widely used to predict local and global ecosystem dynamics and climate change impacts. Due to their complexity, they require careful parameterization and evaluation to ensure that projections are accurate and reliable. The PROFOUND Database (PROFOUND DB) provides a wide range of empirical data to calibrate and evaluate vegetation models that simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale. A particular advantage of this database is its wide coverage of multiple data sources at different hierarchical and temporal scales, together with environmental driving data as well as the latest climate scenarios. Specifically, the PROFOUND DB provides general site descriptions, soil, climate, CO2, nitrogen deposition, tree and forest stand-level, as well as remote sensing data for nine contrasting forest stands distributed across Europe. Moreover, for a subset of five sites, time series of carbon fluxes, atmospheric heat conduction, and soil water are also available. The climate and nitrogen deposition data contain several datasets for the historic period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). We also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest productivity changes. The PROFOUND DB is available freely as a SQLite relational database or ASCII flat file version (at https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.008). The data policies of the individual, contributing datasets are provided in the metadata of each data file. The PROFOUND DB can also be accessed via the ProfoundData R-package (https://github.com/COST-FP1304-PROFOUND/ProfoundData), which provides basic functions to explore, plot, and extract the data for model set-up, calibration and evaluation.
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF FEATURE EXTRACTION IN SFM ALGORITHMS FOR 3D SPARSE POINT CLOUD
Authors: Condorelli F. , Higuchi R. , Nasu S. , Rinaudo F. , Sugawara H.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The use of Structure-from-Motion algorithms is a common practice to obtain a rapid photogrammetric reconstruction. However, the performance of these algorithms is limited by the fact that in some conditions the resulting point clouds present low density. This is the case when processing materials from historical archives, such as photographs and videos, which generates only sparse point clouds due to the lack of necessary information in the photogrammetric reconstruction. This paper explores ways to improve the performance of open source SfM algorithms in order to guarantee the presence of strategic feature points in the resulting point cloud, even if sparse. To reach this objective, a photogrammetric workflow is proposed to process historical images. The first part of the workflow presents a method that allows the manual selection of feature points during the photogrammetric process. The second part evaluates the metric quality of the reconstruction on the basis of a comparison with a point cloud that has a different density from the sparse point cloud. The workflow was applied to two different case studies. Transformations of wall paintings of the Karanlık church in Cappadocia were analysed thanks to the comparison of 3D model resulting from archive photographs and a recent survey. Then a comparison was performed between the state of the Komise building in Japan, before and after restoration. The findings show that the method applied allows the metric scale and evaluation of the model also in bad condition and when only low-density point clouds are available. Moreover, this tool should be of great use for both art and architecture historians and geomatics experts, to study the evolution of Cultural Heritage.
METHODOLOGY FOR 3D ACQUISITION OF HIGHLY REFLECTIVE GOLDSMITHING ARTEFACTS
Authors: Hallot P. , Gil M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The goldsmithing pieces conserved in museums are fragile objects whose accessibility for both research and mediation purposes lacks dematerialized systems for the safe handling of objects. The research presented is part of the e-thesaurus project whose main objective is to improve the accessibility of masterpieces of goldsmithing - produced during the medieval period in the northern regions of France and today’s Belgium - both for research and mediation purposes. The methodology for 3D acquisition of objects with high levels of details and reflective properties must be further developed and affirmed in order provide controlled datasets that are suitable for researchers of the field and accurate for mediation application. The proposed project is the result of a collaboration between the IRHiS UMR CNRS of the University of Lille and the University of Liège. The proposed methodology leads to the 3D reconstruction of masterpieces of goldsmithing. The models developed serve as a basis for a mediation through holographic representation. They recently participated in an exhibition in the Treasure of the Cathedral of Liège museum.
ULTRA LIGHT UAV SYSTEMS FOR THE METRICAL DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: APPLICATIONS FOR ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY
Authors: Adami A. , Fregonese L. , Gallo M. , Helder J. , Pepe M. , Treccani D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The Italian legislation on Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (SAPR: Sistema Areomobile a Pilotaggio Remoto), as in 2012, regulates the use of drones in controlled and uncontrolled airspace. In 2016, the regulation introduced simplified procedures for the use of ultra-light drones. These instruments are particularly widespread in the field of Cultural Heritage survey. In fact, according to the Italian regulations currently in force it is possible to pilot a drone of less than 300 grams without the need of a flight license and without a specific training course and medical examination and it is not required a special permit to fly in populates areas (although without flying over groups of people). Another possible explanation is the limited cost of these aircrafts and their easy availability on the market, both on the shelves of all electronic shops and in online stores.Following the boom of drones under 300 g, and considering the new European regulations also pay particular attention to a similar segment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (in the future for aircraft under 250 g), it is important to evaluate the results that can be obtained through these small instruments and above all to evaluate which are the fields of application compatible with the technical limitations imposed by the need to lighten the components onboard (think in particular of the sensors of digital cameras).The purpose of the study is linked to the documentation of Cultural Heritage, in particular, we want to investigate the quality and metric reliability of photogrammetric surveys carried out through ultra-light drone images. Some application of UAV photogrammetry by ultra-light drones are showed in this paper and they deal with archaeological and architectural survey.
BIFOCAL PAIRS OF IMAGES FOR LOW-COST SURVEY IN CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Midulla P.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This paper present a method for close range photogrammetry based on an camera positioning scheme in which two cameras capture an equal portion of an object at the same scale, but have different focal lengths and camera-to-object distances. This scheme is alternative to the stereoscopic scheme and is associated with a system of equations which permits one to calculate first the relief displacement of points on a photograph and then their relief relative to a reference plane. The obtained relief and relief displacement values can be used to produce low-cost orthophotographs by using software for image processing, which doesn’t need to be dedicated, but has to provide measurement and calculation functions. Moreover, this method also allows one to obtain three-dimensional coordinates, through further calculations.
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN LOW-COST HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Murtiyoso A. , Grussenmeyer P. , Suwardhi D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The use of photogrammetry in 3D heritage documentation has matured over the recent years. In the same time, many types of sensors have also been developed in the field of imaging. While photogrammetry is considered as a low-cost alternative to TLS, several options exist in terms of sensor type with trade-offs between price, ease of use, and quality of resolution. Nevertheless, a proper knowledge on the acquisition and processing is still required to generate acceptable results. This paper aims to compare three photogrammetric sensors, namely a classical DSLR camera, a drone, and a spherical 360° camera in documenting heritage sites. Main comparison points include quality of the bundle adjustment and quality of the dense point cloud. However, an important point of the paper is also to determine whether a sensor at a given cost and effort is enough for documentation purposes. A TLS point cloud data was used as a common reference, as well as control and check points issued from geodetic surveying. In the aftermath of the comparison, several technical suggestions and recommendations were proposed as regards to the use of each sensor.
LOW-COST TECHNOLOGICAL IMPLEMENTATIONS RELATED TO INTEGRATED APPLICATION EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Palestini C. , Basso A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Thanks to the development of new Cuda technologies applied to graphics cards and to a more accessible and growing use by professionals in various commercial, artistic and research sectors, the latest generation digital instruments have implemented new methods of photogrammetric surveying and remote sensing, progressively reducing the cost of the instruments and that related to the application development of the different SfM algorithms, now widely used also in numerous open source software. The research presented in the article compares two of the most recently used free programs with the most satisfactory results in the field of 3D photogrammetric survey and photomodelling: Meshroom, developed by AliceVision and Regard3D, an open source software, compiled in 2015 by the Swiss IT engineer freelance Roman Hiestand. The test case study will concern the photo-modelling, through the free tools previously discussed, of medium size complex decorative details, one of the monumental gates of the ancient Roman city of Sepino, an archaeological site in Molise (IT) located at the foot of the Matese and extending over the Tammaro valley, so as to be able to fully test the capture characteristics and the trend and structure of the pipeline of the two software examined.
POLYFIT ASSISTED MONOSCOPIC MULTI-IMAGE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Suwardhi D. , Trisyanti S. W. , Kamal L. , Permana H. A. , Murtiyoso A. , Fauzan K. N.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Nowadays, in light of the latest development in three-dimensional (3D) modeling technology, an essential role is given to the research and development of fully-automated or semi-automated processes in order to increase workflow effectiveness. A key challenge is thus to automate the process leading to the geometric model which supports the Building Information Modeling (BIM) or 3D-Geographical Information Systems (3D-GIS). This 3D model usually originates from image-based or range-based point clouds. This research is the beginning of the development of a 3D modeling approach that is semi-automatic, and possibly fully-automatic, by combining polygon surface fitting (polyfit) technique and monoscopic multi-image measurement system. With the advent of dense matching and Structure from Motion methods (SfM), point clouds can be generated from multiple images obtained from digital cameras. Then, to reduce the data and to allow for efficient processing, it is necessary to extract polygonal surface data from point clouds delivered by the dense matching process. The polygonal surface is then used for the basis of further manual monoscopic measurements which are achieved separately on each image to obtain more detailed 3D model. Next, this approach analyzed the polygonal surface deformations in comparison to the initial point cloud data. It can be seen how the resolution and noise of the original point clouds affect the subsequent Polyfit-based modeling and monoscopic measurements. The deformations and the accuracy evaluation have been undertaken using different open source software. Also, the geometric error in the polyfit-derived polyhedral reconstruction propagating to the subsequent monoscopic-derived measurements was evaluated. Finally, our modeling approach shows that it can improve the processing speed and level of detail of the 3D models achieved using existing monoscopic measurements. Typically geometric accuracy itself doesn’t have enough information to make accurate geometry model.
MAPPING QUALITY EVALUATION OF MONOCULAR SLAM SOLUTIONS FOR MICRO AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors: Wang J. , Shahbazi M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) attracted much attention in the mobile-robotics domain over the past decades along with the advancements of small-format, consumer-grade digital cameras. This is especially the case for micro air vehicles (MAV) due to their payload and power limitations. The quality of global 3D reconstruction by SLAM solutions is a critical factor in occupancy-grid mapping, obstacle avoidance, and map representation. Although several benchmarks have been created in the past to evaluate the quality of vision-based localization and trajectory-estimation, the quality of mapping products has been rarely studied. This paper evaluates the quality of three state-of-the-art open-source monocular SLAM solutions including LSD-SLAM, ORB-SLAM, and LDSO in terms of the geometric accuracy of the global mapping. Since there is no ground-truth information of the testing environment in existing visual SLAM benchmark datasets (e.g., EuRoC, TUM, and KITTI), an evaluation dataset using a quadcopter and a terrestrial laser scanner is created in this work. The dataset is composed of the image data extracted from the recorded videos by flying a drone in the test environment and the high-fidelity point clouds of the test area acquired by a terrestrial laser scanner as the ground truth reference. The mapping quality evaluation of the three SLAM algorithms was mainly conducted on geometric accuracy comparisons by calculating the deviation distance between each SLAM-derived point clouds and the laser-scanned reference. The mapping quality was also discussed with respect to their noise levels as well as further applications.
Temporal changes in snow albedo, including the possible effects of red algal growth, in northwest Greenland, simulated with a physically based snow albedo model
Authors: Onuma Yukihiko , Takeuchi Nozomu , Tanaka Sota , Nagatsuka Naoko , Niwano Masashi , Aoki Teruo
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Surface albedo of snow and ice is substantially reduced by inorganic impurities, such as aeolian mineral dust (MD) and black carbon (BC), and also by organic impurities, such as microbes that live in the snow. In this paper, we present the temporal changes of surface albedo, snow grain size, MD, BC, and snow algal cell concentration observed on a snowpack in northwest Greenland during the ablation season of 2014 and our attempt to reproduce the changes in albedo with a physically based snow albedo model. We also attempt to reproduce the effects of inorganic impurities and the red snow algae (Chlamydomonas nivalis) on albedo. Concentrations of MD and red snow algae in the surface snow were found to increase in early August, while snow grain size and BC were found to not significantly change throughout the ablation season. Surface albedo was found to have decreased by 0.08 from late July to early August. The albedo simulated by the model agreed with the albedo observed during the study period. However, red snow algae exerted little effect on surface albedo in early August. This is probably owing to the abundance of smaller cells (4.9 × 104 cells L^-1) when compared with the cell abundance of typical red algal snow (~ 108 cells L−1). The simulation of snow albedo until the end of the melting season, with an algal growth model, revealed that the reduction in albedo attribute to red algae could equal 0.004, out of a total reduction of 0.102 arising from the three impurities on a snowpack in northwest Greenland. Finally, we conducted scenario simulations using the snow albedo model, coupled with the algal growth model, in order to simulate the possible effects of red algal blooming on snow albedo under warm conditions in northwest Greenland. The result suggests that albedo reduction by red snow algal growth under warm conditions (surface snow temperature of +1.5 °C) reached 0.04, equivalent to a radiative forcing of 7.5 W m−2 during the ablation season of 2014. This coupled albedo model has the potential to dynamically simulate snow albedo, including the effect of organic and inorganic impurities, leading to proper estimates of the surface albedo of snow cover in Greenland.
The Trends in Authentic Learning Studies and the Role of Authentic Learning in Geography Education
Authors: Karakaş-Özür Nazan , Duman Neşe
Published: November 2019

Schools are the basic environments where learning takes place. The quality of these environments and acquirement of the knowledge and skills expected by societies have caused the disconnection between real life and the school. One of the main subjects of education circles in the 21st century has been what to do in order to ensure the connection between real life and education. In this context, the subject of the study is the authentic learning strategy which aims to bring real life subjects and students together. Although this strategy was first introduced in studies conducted in the United States of America in the 1990s, its philosophical roots go back to the 19th century. According to authentic learning, students’ encounter with real life situations or subjects in learning will be effective in raising effective citizens and increasing the quality of learning. The study focuses on how authentic learning is shaped in the literature and what place it takes in the Geography Curriculum of the Ministry of National Education (MoNE, 2018). The main features of authentic learning were determined, and a template was developed by means of the document review method and descriptive content analysis technique. The suitability of this template for the features was examined by reviewing the acquirements with the application principles of the GC 2018 and the explanations in the introduction section. In conclusion, it was determined that all the features required for authentic learning are present in the GC.
Homosexuality in Ghana: Morality, Law, Human Rights
Authors: Atuguba Raymond A.
Published: November 2019

This paper addresses the status of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) persons in Ghana. Firstly, it examines the effects of Ghana’s laws and law enforcement practices on the ability of members of the LGBT community to live openly and freely and to enjoy all the rights guaranteed other citizens. Secondly, it explores the current state of affairs within the country as regards the LGBT population, addressing specifically, how members of the community are treated by Ghanaian society. On the whole, the paper advocates for the recognition of members of the LGBT community as equal members of Ghanaian society, deserving of the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Pious Life of Elderly People in Ampara District of Sri Lanka
Authors: Ayoob S. M.
Published: November 2019

Religion has continued to occupy a very important part in human life from time immemorial. Almost all the followers of the various religions have belief in the existence of God. It helps humankind to find solace in God while religious instructions assist them to guide their lives in the right way without being tempted to engage in sinful activities. The followers of religion are mostly the elderly people rather than the younger generation in many societies. Elders’ more extensive life experience, education and worldly wisdom enable them to lead a more pious life than the youngsters, who still have much to learn. The elders try to set an example to the youngsters in order to persuade them also to be religious. The aim of the study is to find out the roles the elders play when engaging in religious activities during the ageing period and to explore the reasons for the high level of piousness among them. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative methods such as questionnaire survey, interviews and focus group discussions were employed as data collection techniques. The findings indicate that listening to religious sermons, participating in religious celebrations, performing administrative and leadership roles, doing social work, going on spiritual journeys and visiting the sick and praying for them are the notable religious activities undertaken by the elderly people. Being very pious can lead to religious experiences, prevent feelings of isolation and loneliness, provide opportunities for social interaction, grant peace of mind, help pass the time, increase the physical strength and improve mental health by reducing anxiety and aimless behaviour. These are some of the major reasons for the high level of piousness observed among the elderly people who were the subjects of this study.
Marine Protected Areas in Peninsular Malaysia: Shifting from Political Process to Co-Management
Authors: Rahman Mohd Ashraf Abdul , Ghazali Farahdilah , Rusli Mohd Hazmi Mohd , Aziz Nazli , Talaat Wan Izatul Asma Wan
Published: November 2019

Since fishing is a primary source of income to the coastal communities, conservation of marine natural resources is crucial to safeguard its sustainable supply. Therefore, intensive measures should be taken by all the stakeholders – from the authorities to the local fishermen. The precious coral reefs should be protected as important breeding habitat of various commercially valued species of marine resources and. Thus, in carrying out the political process of designating marine protected areas (MPAs) as marine parks, the local communities must also be engaged by the government due to their proximity to and dependency on the environment as direct resources users. Co-management or collaborative management by engaging the local communities, or community-based management, is the concept that could be able to remedy ineffective MPAs management in Peninsular Malaysia. Co-management or collaborative management approach between the authorities and the communities must be strategised by factoring in their local knowledge of living within and off the marine environment and resources. This study utilises content analysis method on the primary data, namely the national policies, federal acts, and state enactments. While the secondary data in form of official reports, scholarly articles and others deemed relevant are used to supplement and support the findings. This paper dwells on the possibility of shifting the process of MPAs designation from political process to co-management in Peninsular Malaysia, in order to achieve both environmental stability and the livelihood sustainability of the local communities.
Gendered Sociocultural Structures and Africa’s Quest for Development
Authors: Etuk Grace Reuben , Bassey Ugo Samuel , Osam Ejukwa
Published: November 2019

The way gender interfaces with development is a concern that has occupied the attention of development planners and feminists for some time now. The impetus for this concern is the realization that a key component for achieving development in all its dimensions is the existence of gender equality. This explains why the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals of 2000 framed its third goal as “To promote gender equality and women empowerment”; and more recently in its Sustainable Development Goals of 2015, the fifth goal is “To achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”. Against this backdrop, therefore, this paper attempts to accentuate the extent of gender inequality that has persisted in Africa’s social structures, and how it has so far affected development on the continent. Particular prominence is given to the ways gender inequality in Africa’s social structures have functioned to keep the continent’s development rate at a snail pace by crippling the extent of participation in the development process by women – the main victims of gender inequality. The issue of gender and its effects on Africa’s social systems and subsequently the processes that will lead up the continent’s development must be properly addressed if a highway is to be created for development to ride in Africa. Thus, among other recommendations, the paper advocates for gender mainstreaming in policies and programmes at country level on the continent.
Transient temperature distribution and thermal stresses in a thick plate subjected to random pulses
Authors: BHOYAR Sonal , VARGHESE Vinod , KHALSA Lalsingh
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the determination of second-order statistics (the mean of each component and correlations between components) of the quasi-static temperature distribution and thermal stresses on a thick plate under thermal load.  The heated thick circular plate with random internal heat generation acting at random instants of time, in addition to sectional heat supply in the form of random impulses on the upper face, while the lower face is kept at zero temperature, and the fixed circular edge thermally insulated in considered for investigation. A type of Laplace transform method is employed to obtain the analytical solutions for the temperature and stresses statistics. Numerical results demonstrate the effects of the magnitude with the statistics of the temperature and thermal stresses and represented graphically.
Design of simple refrigerating device for multiparametric analysis of the thermoacoustic cooling phenomenon
Authors: GRZYWNOWİCZ Krzysztof , REMİORZ Leszek
Published: November 2019

Although the widespread introduction of numerical tools and the CFD models have improved the design methodology of thermoacoustic coolers and eased optimization of such units, high computational costs vitally limit their application in parametric analyses of thermoacoustic devices. Thus, experimental investigation remains essential field of research, considering design of such units. In the paper, the design and construction of an experimental setup, dedicated to perform an extensive multiparametric analyses on compact thermoacoustic devices with varying characteristic parameters, is discussed in detail. A complete design path, beginning with general consideration, with further detailed dimensioning and selection of market-available parts, ending with installation of control and data acquisition equipment, is described. Initial testing of the device, performed both computationally at the design stage and experimentally after the final setup assembling, is discussed as well. The results of the tests demonstrated ability to observe the variability in the operational parameters of the cooler following change in number of environmental and constructional parameters. The data acquired indicated vital importance of the stack porosity and frequency of the acoustic wave on performance of the thermoacoustic device, which corresponds to the data presented in the literature.
De Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collectieve actie: eindelijk werkelijkheid, nu nog gaan werken …
Authors: Klaassen Carla
Published: November 2019

De Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collectieve actie: eindelijk werkelijkheid, nu nog gaan werken …

Na een lange wetsgeschiedenis is op 19 maart 2019 het voorstel voor de Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collectieve actie (WAMCA) aangenomen door de Eerste Kamer. De inwerkingtreding van de WAMCA is op korte termijn te verwachten. In deze bijdrage wordt de WAMCA op hoofdlijnen besproken. Tevens worden enkele kritische kanttekeningen en vraagtekens bij deze wet geplaatst.
Reorganização da agenda e do modelo de acesso em Unidade de Saúde da Família 24 horas
Authors: Lima Roberta Santos , Brandão Isabel Correia
Published: November 2019

Problema: As longas filas e a dificuldade de atendimento nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) são uma realidade conhecida no Brasil. O acesso avançado representa uma nova proposta de acolhimento e gestão da oferta de vagas para consultas. Neste contexto de dificuldade de acesso, foi inaugurada em março de 2016 em Recife, uma nova Unidade de Saúde da Família 24 horas. Após 6 meses de atendimento neste serviço, a equipe Alfa, nome fictício, sentia-se desmotivada pelas reclamações relativas à dificuldade de acesso. Mobilizada pela insatisfação da população foi proposta uma intervenção para reorganização da oferta de vagas para consultas e do modelo de agendamento com base no acesso avançado. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de reorganização da agenda e da oferta de vagas para consultas; as mudanças do número e do tipo dos atendimentos da equipe após implantação deste novo modelo de acesso; e a percepção dos integrantes da equipe quanto à experiência. Métodos: A primeira etapa da iniciativa incluiu a identificação da viabilidade da intervenção a partir do cálculo da demanda diária de atendimentos. Em seguida, foi criado um novo modelo de agenda desenvolvido fora do e-SUS e que utilizava o Google® Drive e disponibilizados três tempos para as consultas: 5 minutos, 10 minutos e 20 minutos, denominadas respectivamente de rápida, intermediária e estendida. Resultados: No terceiro mês após a mudança foi observado o desaparecimento dos atendimentos classificados como urgência pelo antigo modelo, a ampliação de 65% no número de atendimentos da equipe Alfa com transformação do perfil de atendimento de 70% de consultas agendadas para 70% de consultas do dia. Conclusão: A experiência mostrou ser possível uma ampliação no acesso através do incremento no número de atendimentos a partir da reorganização da agenda baseada no modelo de acesso avançado.
Einsame Herzen. Tocqueville und die Demokratie
Authors: Herb Karlfriedrich , Strömel Sarah Rebecca
Published: November 2019

In der Ideengeschichte des Herzens fristet Alexis de Tocqueville bisher ein Schattendasein - zu Unrecht. Seine Herzgeschichten bieten nicht nur einen privilegierten Zugang zu den Pathologien der modernen Demokratie, sondern tragen auch zur Entschlüsselung seiner Demokratietheorie bei. Individualismus und sanfter Despotismus lassen sich dadurch ebenso erfassen wie Diagnose und Therapie bürgerlichen Unbehagens. Tocquevilles einsame Herzen spiegeln die Krise der Moderne - und auf eigentümliche Weise Tocquevilles ambivalentes Verhältnis zur Demokratie. In ihrer Bedeutung können die einsamen Herzen wohl kaum überschätzt werden.
Demokratischer und autoritärer Konstitutionalismus – wie exklusiv ist die westliche Verfassungstradition?
Authors: Fruhstorfer Anna , Frick Verena
Published: November 2019

In diesem Beitrag suchen wir eine Annäherung an die Frage, wie das genuin westliche Konstitutionalismusmodell jenseits des Westens interpretiert und implementiert wird. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass der Fokus auf ein allzu formalistisches Verfassungsverständnis nicht in der Lage ist, den globalen Variantenreichtum des Konstitutionalismus zu erfassen und vielmehr um ein substantielles Verfassungsverständnis erweitert werden muss. Erst die substantielle Perspektive ermöglicht es, die Einbettung des Konstitutionalismus in regionale und historische Kontexte zu erfassen. Damit werden nicht nur Aspekte der Möglichkeit und Sinnhaftigkeit einer Übertragung westlicher Konstitutionalismusvorstellungen in Frage gestellt, sondern auch Wege eines wechselseitigen Lernens aufgezeigt. Gerade mit Blick auf die Rolle von Konstitutionalismus jenseits der Ordnungseinheit Autokratie und Demokratie spielt diese Weiterentwicklung eine wichtige Rolle.
Über die Fallstricke sozialwissenschaftlicher Identitäts- und Einstellungsforschung: Ziele, Potenziale und Kritik der DeZIM-Studie »Ost-Migrantische Analogien I«
Authors: Wolfsteller René , Rädel Jonas
Published: November 2019

In diesem Beitrag werden die Ziele, Konzeption und Ergebnisse der Studie »Ost-Migrantische Analogien I« des DeZIM-Instituts (2019) diskutiert. Nachdem die Leistungen und der wissenschaftliche Mehrwert der Studie gewürdigt werden, erfolgt eine Kritik an der Diskrepanz zwischen dem behaupteten und dem tatsächlichen Erkenntnisgewinn der Studie, der Aussparung der muslimischen Perspektive und dem undifferenzierten Umgang mit Identitätskategorien wie MigrantInnen und MuslimInnen.
Conflict, Resistance and the Symbolic Meaning of Space – Activity Based Work and Possibilities to Express Work-related Identities in Everyday Working Life
Authors: Rosengren Calle , Ottosson Mikael
Published: November 2019

The article focuses on a current trend in office design: Activity Based Work (ABW). This is an office solution that instead of providing employees with designated places, it provides them with a variety of spaces in the office that offer different functionalities. A case study is presented of the ongoing effort of a multinational technology company in the software industry to implement ABW at a local site in Sweden. Based on an analysis of the individual and focus group interviews of company employees, the article argues that the non-territorial foundation of ABW is seen as a threat to the work-related identity among certain groups within the company. The findings presented comprise specific insights into how the material aspects of organizational life interact with social identity construction.
Stability of family firms during economic downturn and recovery
Authors: Machek Ondřej , Hnilica Jiří , Lukeš Martin
Published: November 2019

Family firms are often associated with the notion of greater stability. The goal of this article is to explore the differences in privately held family and nonfamily firms in various types of stability, including stability in the number of employees, revenue, earnings and assets. Using multiple linear regression analysis in a sample of 384 family and 1 795 nonfamily firms from the Czech Republic, we found that family firms tend to be more stable in terms of revenue and number of employees, but only during times of crisis. However, their greater employment stability results in worse labour productivity and their earnings become more volatile. During the post-crisis period, there are no significant differences in stability between family and nonfamily firms. Moreover, family firms have been found to grow less during both the economic downturn and the recovery. We suggest that the feature of stability that is so often attributed to family firms by popular, but also academic papers, should be used with caution.
L’eradication de L’insecurite dans la Ville de Lubumbashi
Authors: MATENDA Jean-Bosco Germain ESAMBU
Published: November 2019

La ville de Lubumbashi est en proie à une insécurité dont les origines lointaines remontent plus à l’avènement du pouvoir prédateur du Maréchal Mobutu. La disparition de tout l’Etat, gendarme et providence, n’a pas empêché les inciviques à enfermer un bébé de six mois dans un congélateur; en ce début du mois d’avril 2019. Les discours des politiciens invitent la population à se prendre en charge. Cette réflexion se veut d’expliquer les différentes sources et appellations de l’insécurité, et en donner leurs modes d’opération. Dans un Etat en proie au sous-développement, la constitutionnalisation des erreurs, la mauvaise compréhension de la démocratie occidentale et la privatisation des moyens, biens et services sécuritaires sont autant de détours dans la gestion de la chose publique. Ces détours engendrent l’insécurité dans ses diverses formes. Pour en venir au bout, les autorités sont invitées à définir des politiques publiques de lutte contre l’insécurité urbaine. Parmi les remèdes avancés dans ce papier, il importe, entre autre, que l’on assure la traçabilité des auteurs et données pour avoir une connaissance sur les personnes dangereuses "fichées « S »". La nécessité s’impose également de pouvoir étendre la puissance policière dans les nouveaux quartiers en tenant compte de l’agrandissement de la ville. Ceci postule concrètement à construire des nouveaux postes de police dans les nouveaux communes et quartiers pour approcher l’administration policière des administrés; et surtout contenir les menaces et l’insécurité avant qu’elles sortent de leurs tanières. En dotant les agents de sécurité des moyens techniques, financiers et de locomotion les plus performants, la capacité de répondre aux cas d’urgence sera améliorée. Les moyens judiciaires jouent un rôle important dans la lutte anti-insécurité urbaine. Ils consistent, d’abord, en l’application de la peine capitale qui devra être rétablie et en suite en la responsabilisation des défenseurs des droits de l’Homme qui n’ont jamais condamné les auteurs mais plutôt le pouvoir public.
Le rôle d’un Maire de la ville dans la sécurisation de son entité administrative
Authors: MPIANA Joseph KAZADI
Published: November 2019

La Ville de Lubumbashi est confrontée à une recrudescence sans précédent de l’insécurité. En sa qualité de première autorité administrative de la Ville, le Maire est tenu de procurer la sécurité à ses administrés en recourant notamment aux différentes mesures de police. L’article examine, entre autres, les défis se posant au Maire dans ses prérogatives de maintenir l’ordre public en général et la sécurité publique en particulier. Sommaire : A. Introduction. B. Régionalisme politique et décentralisation en RDC. C. Le statut de la ville et du Maire dans l’ordonnancement juridique congolais. D. Le Maire face à l’impératif sécuritaire. Conclusion.
Juristische Methodenlehre
Authors: Reimer Franz
Published: November 2019

Juristische Methodenlehre galt lange als sprödes, akademisches, wenig praxisrelevantes Geschäft. Im Zuge der Neuentdeckung der juristischen Grundlagendisziplinen und in der Folge von Diskussionen, die bis in die Feuilletons reichten – Ist der Rechtsanwender ein „Pianist“, der Normen wie ein Künstler zu interpretieren hat? –, tritt ihre überragende Bedeutung jedoch wieder hervor.
Das Lehrbuch wendet sich mit zahlreichen Beispielen an fortgeschrittene Studierende, mit der Darstellung der Querbezüge auch an fertige Juristen, Praktiker wie Theoretiker. Es hat den Anspruch, die Methodenlehre nicht nur als Disziplinierungsinstrument zur Sicherung der Gesetzesbindung, sondern auch als Hilfe und Handwerkszeug zur Analyse der Parteiinteressen, zur leichteren Erschließung unbekannter Rechtstexte sowie zur Auswertung von Gerichtsentscheidungen fruchtbar zu machen. Methodenlehre ist danach im Kern Verständnislehre.
Die das Buch durchziehenden Falllösungshinweise machen die Relevanz der Aussagen für Studium und Prüfung deutlich.
Identité culturelle et spiritualité dans la tradition Radhasoami en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Dimitrova Diana
Published: November 2019

Cette contribution se concentre sur l’identité culturelle et la spiritualité dans la tradition du Radhasoami en Amérique du Nord. J’aborde le sujet en discutant l’histoire de la spiritualité du Radhasoami et puis en analysant plusieurs aspects importants de la spiritualité du Radhasoami dans la modernité. Je traite aussi de la question des liens complexes entre la spiritualité du Radhasoami et l’identité culturelle. Par la suite, je considère plusieurs aspects de la mondialisation du mouvement Radhasoami en Amérique du Nord et ses rapports complexes avec la patrie en Asie du Sud. Parmi les questions auxquelles je cherche une réponse sont les suivantes : comment les spiritualités hindoues dans la diaspora se trans-nationalisent-elles ? Est-ce que les nouveaux espaces et pratiques rituels fournissent une « spiritualité moderne » alternative à celle construite par l’Occident ? Est-ce que « l’altérité » spirituelle de la communauté Radhasoami mène à l’isolement et à la marginalisation, ou est-ce qu’il contribue à l’intégration dans le nouveau pays de résidence ?
Characterizing causality in cancer
Authors: Rondeau Elena , Larmonier Nicolas , Pradeu Thomas , Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: November 2019

Philosophers have explored the concept of causality for centuries. Here we argue that ideas about causality from philosophy can help scientists to better understand how cancerous tumors grow and spread in the body. After outlining six characteristics of causality that are relevant to cancer, we emphasize the importance of feedback loops and interactions between tumor-cell-intrinsic and tumor-cell-extrinsic factors for explaining the formation and dissemination of tumors.
Characterization and expression profiling of theICE-CBF-CORgenes in wheat
Authors: Guo Jie , Ren Yongkang , Tang Zhaohui , Shi Weiping , Zhou Meixue
Published: November 2019

Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit crop production. TheICE-CBF-CORpathway is associated with cold stress response in a wide variety of crop species. However, theICE-CBF-CORgenes has not been well characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum). This study identified, characterized and examined the expression profiles of theICE, CBFandCORgenes for cold defense in wheat. FiveICE(inducer ofCBFexpression) genes, 37CBF(C-repeat binding factor) genes and 11COR(cold-responsive or cold-regulated) genes were discovered in the wheat genome database. Phylogenetic trees based on all 53 genes revealed thatCBFgenes were more diverse thanICEandCORgenes. Twenty-two of the 53 genes appeared to include 11 duplicated pairs. Twenty rice (Oryza sativa) genes and 21 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays) genes showed collinearity with the wheatICE,CBFandCORgenes. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analyses revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of theICE,CBFandCORgenes, and identified similarities in the expression pattern of genes from the same family when subjected to drought, heat, drought plus heat, and cold stress. These results provide information for better understanding the biological roles ofICE,CBF,CORgenes in wheat.