bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Integrating Renewable Sources into a Utility Grid
Authors:   School Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India., Krishna* Teki Vamsee , Maharana Dr. Manoj Kumar ,   School Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India., Panigrahi Dr. Chinmoy Kumar ,   School Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Published: January 2020

In India, Electrical Power System is adapted to handle both constant loads and variable loads, also power is generated in two types; one is due to fossil fuels, and another one is due to renewable energy sources. However, renewable energy sources are playing a vital role in the production of clean energy and also useful for the reduction in greenhouse emission. Nevertheless, when there is any additional change in the generation side concerning to input supply, which is due to the uncertainty of nature, can create new challenges for the system operators and utility centers. It is not an easy task for the utility centres and supply operators to integrate variable renewable energy sources with the utility grid. This paper explores an overview of some operational techniques and solutions, which are helpful for high penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy. It also explores operation, control management and challenges due to renewable energy when they integrated with the utility grid. By interfacing of renewable energy sources with a utility grid with proper management and control can provide bi-directional communication between suppliers and consumers smartly. The aim of integrating large scale renewable sources from transmission and distribution network into an existing system is to reduce the power quality issues, demand response, forecasting, peak demand, and improve network security, fast scheduling and dispatch, aiming towards smart grid technology for electrical power systems.
Phishing Attack Detection using Machine Learning
Authors:   Assistant Professor at School of Computer Science , University of Petroleum and Energy Studies , Dehradun, India., Patni* Jagdish Chandra , Sharma Hitesh Kumar ,   Assistant Professor at School of Computer Science , University of Petroleum and Energy Studies , Dehradun, India.
Published: January 2020

There are number of customers who buy items on the web and make installment through different websites. There are various websites who request that client give delicate information, for example, username, secret word or master card points of interest and so on regularly for noxious reasons. This sort of websites is known as phishing site. With a specific end goal to identify and foresee phishing site, we proposed an astute, adaptable and successful framework that depends on utilizing characterization Data mining calculation. We actualized arrangement calculation and strategies to extricate the phishing informational collections criteria to order their authenticity. The phishing site can be identified in light of some imperative attributes.This application can be utilized by numerous E-trade endeavors to influence the entire exchange to process secure. Information mining calculation utilized as a part of this framework gives better execution when contrasted with other conventional orders calculations. With the assistance of this framework client can likewise buy items online with no delay. Administrator can include phishing site url or phony site url into framework where framework could access and sweep the phishing site and by utilizing calculation, it will add new suspicious watchwords to database. System utilizes machine-learning method to include new catchphrases into database.
A Distribution of Nodes in Big Data using Hadoop Open Source System
Authors:   Assistant Professor, ICFAI Tech School, ICFAI University, Dehradun , India., Mathur* Mr. Nishant , Jain Dr. Mukul ,   Assistant Professor, ICFAI Tech School, ICFAI University, Dehradun , India.
Published: January 2020

Apache Hadoop is an free open source Java framework under Apache Software Foundation. It provides storage of large amount of data efficiently with low costing. Hadoop has two main core components one is HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) and second Map Reduce. It is basically a file system and has capability of high fault-tolerant and while deploying supports less cost hardware. It. provides the high speed admittance to the relevance data. The Hadoop architecture is based on cluster, which consist of two nodes named as Data -Node and Name-Node which perform the internal activity known as heart beat to process data storage on distributed file system and Map reducing is performed internally to show the clustering of distributed data on localhost of ssh serverwebsite. Large quantity of data is needed to store in distributed file structure, for this Hadoop has played important role. Maintaining the large volume storage, making data duplicity for providing security and recovery of big data for its analysis and prediction.
Maximum Power Point Technique Integrated Impedance Source DC to AC/DC Converter
Authors:   Associate Professor, Dept of EEE, Sir MVIT, Bangalore, India., Sivapriyan R. , Elangovan* D. ,   HoD, Dept of Energy and Power Electronics,SELECT, VIT, Vellore, India, kumar G. Arun ,   Associate Professor, SELECT, VIT, Vellore, India.
Published: January 2020

The Impedance Source based DC to AC or DC (Z-source DAD) converter converts the given DC voltage to AC or DC. In a solar photovoltaic (SPV) system, the solar panel output voltage is DC voltage, and this voltage will be converted to AC or DC by Z-source DAD converter. To get maximum output power from the panel, a modified perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point technique (MPPT) is implemented with a Z-source DAD converter. This single-stage MPPT integrated Z-source DAD converter eliminates the conventional multi-stage SPV system, and also, the output voltage of this SPV system is either AC or DC voltage. The simulations are performed with MATLAB-Simulink software, and the hardware circuit is constructed with a microcontroller-based SPV system. The MATLAB-Simulink simulation and hardware output shows the ability of the modified P&O algorithm based MPPT integrated Z-source DAD converter.
Data Pre-Processing Algorithm for Neural Network Binary Classification Model in Bank Tele-Marketing
Authors:   Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia., Abd Halim* Khairul Nizam , Mohd Jaya Abdul Syukor ,   Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia., Fadzil Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad ,   Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka, 77300 Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia.
Published: January 2020

Tele-marketing presents a huge challenge in identifying potential customers with lack of effective marketing strategy may led a company to succumbs to problems such as prolonged marketing campaign. Various attempts to improve the performance of binary classification model for bank tele-marketing data. Previous researches indicate that the neural network is the most common algorithms being employed and able to produce commendable results with higher accuracy percentages compared to other algorithms. Despite several attempts to improve the model through treatment of imbalance dataset and features selection, this research argues that they are incomplete. Therefore, this research proposes a data pre-processing algorithm for bank tele-marketing binary classification neural network. Three datasets have been employed (19, 16, and 20 features) to evaluate the performance of the algorithm towards the classification model. The data pre-processing algorithm is divided into three phases; data cleaning, data imbalance treatment and finally data normalization. In this paper, the result indicated that binary classification model complemented with data cleaning techniques such as Missing common (MC) and Tomek Links (TL) shows a better result compared to Ignore Missing (IM). In terms of data normalization, techniques such as MaxAbsScaler (MAS) and MinMaxScaler (MMS) consistently indicated better performance from other normalization techniques. The classification model employed in this paper utilize data pre-processing algorithm combination of MC-TL-MMS. The algorithm using this approach able to record an area of the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9129 and 0.9464 by using 16 features and 20 features respectively. This result presents the highest figure in terms of performance accuracy compared to other previous researches.
Trend Regeneration of Health Parameter in a Developmental Aero Gas Turbine Engine
Authors:   Technical Director, Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Bangalore, India., Srinivasan* Usha , Sudhindra Dr. K.R. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, university in Mysore, Karnataka, India., Muthuveerapan Dr. N. ,   Associate Director, Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Bangalore, India
Published: January 2020

Health parameters play a vital role in determining the remaining useful life of engine components, ensuring safe and confident continual test trials during the development phase. Although enough care is taken to obtain the health parameter data throughout the engine test duration, there are chances of missing out a few for reasons beyond control. This paper aims at providing a feasible solution to mitigate the data loss by regenerating the health parameter trend. Least square approximation, data mapping with threshold and interpolation techniques have been attempted via software development for trend regeneration. Two tier data fusion software has been developed to gather the data required for trend regeneration. Considering strain for case study, using actual test trial data, software has been verified. Interpolation technique with the least error emerged as an optimal choice and ensuring acceptance of its estimated strain trend resulted in its confident usage enabling intended progressive research.
Authenticated Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for secure transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Government Polytechnic College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India, Asanambigai* V. , Ayyasamy A. ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Government Polytechnic College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: January 2020

Authenticated energy consumption is the main criteria for constructing the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Every sensor has the dissimilar processing, communication range, memory unit. Each sensor node has restricted energy and memory. All the WSN based transmission architecture has the problem of authentication. The transmission overload and energy utilization have complex structure to perform the quality of service in WSN routing in a secure way. In spite of providing efficient communication for WSN, clustering approach is used to transmit the data packet from beginning node to the end node. Data gathering helps to organize the network and minimize the network overhead during data communication. Effective cluster head selection method is used for enhanced energy efficiency. Authenticated Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm (AEEC) is proposed for efficient authenticated energy consumption-based routing methodology for WSN. The effective communication is performed by generating the authentication code within the sensor nodes to construct the innovative secured transmission based framework. The simulation results proved that the proposed method is implemented to reduce the energy consumption, routing overhead, end to end delay and increased amount of throughput compared to the other techniques.
La lirica di Vasyl' Stus
Authors: Achilli Alessandro
Published: January 2020

Vasyl’ Stus's (1938-1985) poetry is one of the richest and most complex chapters in the literary history of late Soviet Ukraine. His poems are not only born of the author’s talent, but also of his erudition and deep cultural awareness; Stus’s poetry eloquently shows the presence of a significant Modernist trend in the literature of the Ukrainian underground during the Age of Economic stagnation. Stus's Modernism is the ideal evolution of the Ukrainian poetic culture of the first decades of the century, and develops thanks to an intense intertextual dialogue with the European literature. Stus’s reception of Russian and German poetry, in addition to becoming the model for nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century Ukrainian poetry, proves fundamental to fully understand his work’s literary palimpsest, which this volume offers a comprehensive reading of, from the early stages to the maturity’s collections.
Intellettuali in fuga dall’Italia fascista
Authors: Guarnieri Patrizia
Published: January 2020

Intellectuals Displaced from Fascist Italy draws attention to the emigration of intellectuals during fascism. Italy is usually considered a land of poor and uneducated migrants. But during the twenty years of Fascism, especially after the anti-Jewish laws, professionals, students and scholars, including foreigners, expatriated alone or with families to the Americas, England, Mandatory Palestine, Switzerland. It is a limited but important phenomenon of brain drain, which in the case of Italy has yet to be investigated. Who were the people who forcedly left in search of freedom, work, and then salvation, and what did they do? Their names and stories were cancelled. In this volume, there is an attempt to reconstruct their lives thanks to foreign archives, letters and scattered memories. What difficulties did they face in their host countries? How many of them returned? The stories speak of irreparable losses to the detriment of the country, of responsibilities and injustices, but also of resources and talents of Italian culture, of commitment and determination. The project was promoted by the University of Florence and funded by the Tuscany Regional Authority, with the sponsorship of the New York Public Library, Council for At-Risk Academics, and J. Calandra Italian American Institute.
Susceptibility to antibiotic combinations among nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria isolated in Belarus
Authors: Tapalskiy Dmitry V.
Published: January 2020

Objective.

To assess a susceptibility to antibiotic combinations in nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates using a modified method of multiple combination bactericidal testing (MCBT).
Materials and Methods.

A total of 178 isolates (63 K. pneumoniae isolates, 31 P. aeruginosa isolates, 84 A. baumannii isolates) obtained in the 2013-2017 from hospitalized patients in 28 public health organizations in 4 Belarus regions were included in the study. All isolates were producers of the different carbapenemases (OXA-48, KPC, NDM, VIM, OXA-23, and OXA-40). The susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined by an automated method and a broth microdilution method. A modified MCBT method was used for determination of susceptibility to antibiotic combinations. Antibiotic concentrations corresponding to the threshold pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) concentrations for standard doses of antimicrobial agents were used for testing antibiotic combinations. A total of 11 primary and 11 additional antibiotic combinations were tested.
Results.

The meropenem MIC values were 4 or more times higher than the threshold PK/PD concentrations for most isolates studied. A total of 42.9% of K. pneumoniae strains, 51.6% of P. aeruginosa strains and 2.4% of A. baumannii strains were non-susceptible to colistin. Using the modified MCBT method, antibiotic combinations with bactericidal activity were detected for 177 (99.4%) isolates; 3 or more antibiotic combinations were bactericidal for 155 isolates (87.1%). The colistin-containing combinations were the most active, including against isolates with colistin MIC values above the threshold PK/PD concentration. The bactericidal activity of meropenem + amikacin and amikacin + levofloxacin combinations against 51.9% of K. pneumoniae colistin-resistant isolates was determined. The meropenem + colistin (85.7%) and imipenem + colistin (84.1%) combinations were the most active against P. aeruginosa. All the colistincontaining combinations were bactericidal against nearly 100% of A. baumannii isolates.
Conclusions.

Species-level and strain-level specificity of bactericidal activity for the different antibiotic combinations was found.
Comparison of in vitro activity of various macrolides against Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Dekhnich Natalya N. , Ivanchik Nataly V. , Kozlov Roman S.
Published: January 2020

Objective.

Compare the in vitro activity of clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin and josamycin against the collection of H. pylori strains isolated in 2010–2017 in Smolensk.
Materials and Methods.

H. pylori strains were collected prospectively from biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of H. pylori was performed by the agar dilution method. Interpretation of the results of the susceptibility determination for clarithromycin was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of EUCAST (v 8.0) 2018. The resistance breakpoints for erythromycin, azithromycin, and josamycin were all set at ≥1.0 mg/L. For comparison of the results, the value of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the tested antibiotic inhibiting the growth of 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of H. pylori strains was used.
Results.

A total of 276 H. pylori strains were tested. 90% of the MIC values of clarithromycin were in the range from 0.015 to 0.125 mg/l. The percentages of resistance were as follows: clarithromycin 5.1%, azithromycin 7.5%, erythromycin 8%, josamycin 23.2%. Clarithromycin demonstrated significantly higher activity in suppressing the growth of H. pylori strains than azithromycin, erythromycin, and josamycin.
Conclusions.

Among the tested macrolide antibiotics maximal anti-H. pylori activity in vitro was observed in clarithromycin.
Erythromycin: safety issues
Authors: Matveev Alexander V. , Krasheninnikov A.E. , Egorova E.A.
Published: January 2020

Macrolide antimicrobials are widely used for the treatment of variety of community­acquired bacterial infections. This paper is aimed to review the data on the safety issues of erythromycin. The main attention is paid to the studies on erythromycin prokinetic properties, cardiotoxicity and fetotoxicity.
Квалифицированный подход к созданию библиотечного бренда для маркетинга
Authors: ТОМПСОН Спенсер , THOMPSON Spenser
Published: January 2020

Цель данной статьи - предложить узкое определение бренда, объяснить, почему это важно, и дать практические упражнения для представления (раскрытия) библиотечного бренда. Основываясь на опыте работы автора в корпоративной и библиотечной среде, бренд определяется как идея, которая может быть раскрыта с помощью двух формальных процессов, описанных в статье. Библиотеки могут использовать брендинг (branding) для создания более сфокусированных маркетинговых программ, выходя за рамки логотипов или рекламаций относительно услуг, - которые в свою очередь будут иметь большое влияние на потенциальных пользователей. Описанные в статье процессы обеспечивают альтернативу дорогостоящим и требующим временных затрат консультантам или агентствам. Более того, эти два инструмента представления бренда дают библиотекарям возможность перейти от общего маркетинга библиотек к маркетингу конкретной библиотеки. В статье обсуждается организационная культура и связанные с этим препятствия в сфере представления и внедрения бренда.
ПРОДВИЖЕНИЕ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ ДЛЯ ИНДУСТРИИ ПЛАСТМАСС В ЕС К 2030 Г. Научно-политические решения для более устойчивой Европы: Думая о 2030 г
Authors: Watkins Emma , Watkins Emma , Schweitzer Jean-Pierre , Schweitzer Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2020

Предоставляя информацию о научно обоснованной повестке дня европейской политики после 2020 г., THINK 2030 является новой платформой устойчивого развития IEEP, которая собирает широкий круг заинтересованных сторон для обсуждения и предложения решений наиболее насущных проблем устойчивости Европы. TNINK 2030 будет готовить политические рекомендации для следующей Европейской комиссии, Парламента и государств-членов. Больше информации можно получить на сайте www.THINK2030.eu и хештеге #THINK2030
ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА УСТАНОВОК ПРЯМОГО УЛАВЛИВАНИЯ СО2 ИЗ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ВОЗДУХА
Authors: Fasihi Madhi , Fasihi Madhi , Efimova Olga , Efimova Olga , Breyer Christian , Breyer Christian
Published: January 2020

Прямое улавливание СО2 из атмосферного воздуха (DAC) все чаще обсуждается как вариант смягчения последствий изменения климата. Несмотря на технологические достижения в прошлом десятилетии, все еще имеется неверное понимание о нынешних и долговременных затратах на DAC, а также потребностях в энергии, воде и площади. Это может поставить под сомнение ожидаемую роль DAC в энергетической системе с углеродонейтральностью или негативными выбросами парниковых газов. В данном исследовании проведен литературный обзор и техникоэкономический анализ современных технологий DAC, в котором технологии DAC классифицируются как системы с высокотемпературными водными растворами (HT DAC) и низкотемпературными твердыми сорбентами (LT DAC), с точки зрения энергетической системы. Размер капитальных затрат, потребность в энергии и издержки для DAC были оценены в рамках двух сценариев для производительности DAC и скорости финансового обучения в период с 2020 по 2050 г. Издержки на систему DAC могут быть значительно снижены при коммерциализации с 2020-х годов с последующим массовым внедрением в 2040-е и 2050-е годы, когда издержки станут конкурентоспособными по сравнению с улавливанием углерода из точечного источника, и DAC станет осуществимым с финансовой точки зрения решением по смягчению последствий изменения климата. Сделан вывод, что системы LT DAC являются эффективными вследствие: 1 Углеродонейтральность, или наличие чистого нулевого углеродного следа относится к достижению чистых нулевых выбросов углерода. 2 Негативные выбросы парниковых газов (например, СО2) означают, что в технологическом процессе производится меньше СО2, чем забирается из атмосферного воздуха. ствие низких затрат на подвод теплоты и возможности использования, отработанного тепла других систем. Издержки на улавливание CO2 для систем LT DAC, приводимых в действие гибридными ветро-солнечными системами с батареей, для марокканских условий основаны на консервативном сценарии с использованием/бес использования бесплатного отработанного тепла, и будут составлять 222/133, 105/60, 69/40 и 54/32 евро/т СО2 в 2020, 2030, 2040 и 2050 гг., соответственно. Эти новые данные могут усилить роль DAC в успешной стратегии смягчения последствий изменения климата.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В РЕШЕНИИ ЗАДАЧ МОНИТОРИНГА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ
Authors: Крапивин В.Ф. , Krapivin V.F. , Солдатов В.Ю. , Soldatov V.Yu. , Потапов И.И. , Potapov I.I.
Published: January 2020

Рактеризованы различные наноматериалы, применение которых в системах мониторинга позволяет решать многие задачи. Указаны перспективные задачи, решение которых может повысить эффективность систем геоинформационного мониторинга. Отмечено, что использование материалов наноразмеров в системах мониторинга окружающей среды обеспечивает более тонкий анализ многих газовых и жидких загрязнителей окружающей среды с повышенной вероятностью их обнаружения. Указано, что использование наночастицы из золота, серебра и железа при создании сенсоров вследствие их электронных, оптических, каталитических и термальных свойств позволяют обнаруживать ртуть в почве, воде и рыбе с высокой точностью. Магнитные наночастицы оксида железа при использовании в системах мониторинга обеспечивают функции обнаружения загрязнителей воды и воздуха. Оксиды металлов, такие как двуокись титана, широко используются в сенсорах для обнаружения пестицидов, органических красителей и фенолов в воде, а также метана, окислов азота и углерода в воздухе. Данная работа выполнена по Госзаданию № 0030-2019-0008.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЗАМЕНЫ ИЗНОШЕННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ В ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКЕ РОССИИ: ПРИОРИТЕТЫ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАДЕЖНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Грабчак Е.П. , Grabchak E.P. , Логинов Е. Л. , Loginov E.L. , Романова Ю.А. , Romanova J.A.
Published: January 2020

Освящены проблемы старения основных фондов и нарастания доли технически изношенного оборудования в электроэнергетике России. Сделан, и обоснован вывод, что для обеспечения надежности энергоснабжения и энергетической безопасности целесообразно рассчитать примерные сроки выбытия оборудования и запустить десятилетнюю программу обновления (модернизации) с использованием всех финансовых источников с учетом ограниченности возможностей роста цен и тарифов на электроэнергию в стране, в целом, и по отдельным регионам, в частности. Предлагается комплексно оснащать объекты электроэнергетики автоматизированными системами мониторинга и технической диагностики с интеллектуальными информационно-вычислительными сервисами.
МЕТОД ОПИСАНИЯ СЦЕНАРИЕВ КАСКАДНЫХ И МЕЖСИСТЕМНЫХ АВАРИЙ С УЧЕТОМ ВЕРОЯТНОСТНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ
Authors: Пантелеев В.А. , Panteleev V.A. , Кириллов И.А. , Kirillov I.A.
Published: January 2020

Каскадное распространение структурных разрушений и функциональных отказов является одним из наиболее опасных видов стихийных бедствий или техногенных аварий. Предложен подход к описанию сценариев каскадных и межсистемных аварий для их системной идентификации, классификации и использования при подготовке стратегий управлении рисками и стойкостью критической инфраструктуры с стохастической природы зависимостей между активами, приводящими к каскадным авариям.
ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЯ В СФЕРЕ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ: ВЫЗОВЫ И ОТВЕТ НА НИХ
Authors: Шамахов В.А. , Shamakhov V.A. , Титова Г.Д. , Titova G.D.
Published: January 2020

Оговая системы огромной страны лишены главного: справедливых критериев для обеспечения нормальной жизнедеятельности всех регионов с учетом истинной рыночной стоимости природно-ресурсного потенциала, особенностей географического положения, климатических условий, а также геополитических мотиваций. Авторы привлекают внимание к необходимости создания механизма оценки, учета и справедливого распределения природных богатств в обществе, соответствующего национальным интересам России.
ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Чередниченко О.В. , Cherednichenko O.A. , Довготько Н.А. , Dovgot’ko N.A. , Яшалова Н.Н. , Yashalova N.N. , Яковлева Е.Н. , Yakovleva E.N.
Published: January 2020

The agro-industrial complex is one of the important sectors of the national economy, as it forms in addition to the labor and settlement potential of rural territories, the food security of the country. Natural and climatic factors play a leading role in the effective functioning of the industry. In the article the characteristic of such factors is given, the ecological and climatic problems most strongly influencing agriculture of the Russian Federation are designated.
НОВЫЙ ПОДХОД К РЕШЕНИЮ РАДИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ЗАДАЧ ПРИ МОНИТОРИНГЕ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ
Authors: Климов В.В. , Klimov V.V.
Published: January 2020

В работе рассмотрен и обоснован новый подход к построению комплекса математических и программных средств для экологического мониторинга окружающей среды на основе многоканальной регистрации радиометрической информации и её анализа и качественной интерпретации. Для решения прямой и обратной задачи получены простые аналитические соотношения, связывающие основные радиофизические параметры с параметрами среды. Подробно рассмотрен случай однородной среды с оценкой диапазона рабочих частот, а также случаи среды с экспоненциальным и полиномиальным поглощением. Данная работа выполнена по Госзаданию № 0030-2019-0008.
Improving Employer Accountability in a World of Private Dispute Resolution
Authors: Brinn Hope
Published: January 2020

Private litigation is the primary enforcement mechanism for employment discrimination laws like Title VII, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and many related state statutes. But the expansion of extrajudicial dispute resolution—including both arbitration and prelitigation settlement agreements—has compromised this means of enforcement. This Note argues that state-enacted qui tam laws can revitalize the enforcement capacity of private litigation and provides a roadmap for enacting such legislation.
Treading on Sacred Land: First Amendment Implications of ICE's Targeting of Churches
Authors: D'Agostini Gabriella
Published: January 2020

In the last few years, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has begun to target religious institutions—specifically churches—as a means to find and arrest undocumented immigrants. This technique is in legal tension with the First Amendment rights of free exercise of religion and free association. It is unclear, however, how these legal rights protect those most affected by this targeting tactic: undocumented immigrants. Undocumented immigrants may lack standing to challenge ICE’s tactics on their own and may require the help of related parties to protect their interests.

This Note explores a potential solution to the ambiguity surrounding undocumented immigrants’ protection under the First Amendment. Specifically, this Note argues that while undocumented immigrants may be barred from filing suits challenging the constitutionality of ICE raids on religious institutions, U.S. citizens who worship alongside these immigrants can and should bring such suits and demand injunctions to end the practice. These citizens not only have the undisputed legal rights to bring such potential claims but also may use those rights to provide a legal and practical shield for undocumented immigrants who seek to attend church without government intrusion.
Forensic Border Searches After Carpenter Require Probable Cause and a Warrant
Authors: Pryby Christopher
Published: January 2020

Under the border search doctrine, courts have upheld the federal government's practice of searching people and their possessions upon entry into or exit from the United States, without any requirement of suspicion, as reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Since the advent of electronic devices with large storage capacities, courts have grappled with whether this definition of reasonableness continues to apply. So far, courts have consistently characterized “nonforensic” border inspections of electronic devices (for example, paging through photos on a phone) as “routine” searches that, like inspecting luggage brought across international lines, require no suspicion. But there is a circuit split over what suspicion the government needs to conduct “forensic” searches that copy data for later inspection. This Note argues that the recent Supreme Court decision in Carpenter v. United States recognized a new balance of privacy rights at the border. Starting in United States v. Jones and continuing through Riley v. California and Carpenter, the Court has developed a theory of data privacy aimed at forestalling the government’s creation of a high-tech panopticon. This new theory, in the context of electronic searches at the border, requires that the balance of government and individual interests be struck in favor of the individual. Probable cause and a warrant, not merely reasonable suspicion, are necessary for a forensic search.
Age of Unreason: Rationality and the Regulatory State
Authors: Weinberg Louise
Published: January 2020

A curious phenomenon, not previously remarked, appears in current international and interstate cases in a common configuration. These are cases in which a nonresident sues a company at the company’s home; the plaintiff would almost certainly win there on stipulated facts; and judgment is for the defendant as a matter of law. In cases in this familiar configuration it appears that courts will struggle to find rationales. Judges attempt to rely on arguments which ordinarily would be serviceable, but which, in cases so configured, seem to become irrational. Because the relevant configuration of cases is common, the problem is widespread. And it is serious. A judgment unsupported by good reasons will appear to be a naked preference for the judgment winner. The Supreme Court has held that the bare appearance of a want of neutrality is a denial of due process. Many cases are cited, but this Article focuses on two recent examples, seemingly unrelated. The first example is a prominent international case in the United States Supreme Court, raising an issue of statutory construction. The second is an interstate case in a state supreme court, raising an issue of choice of law. But these disparate examples are importantly similar in that both are in the above-described configuration, and in both, the trial court withholds its own law. And in both, the court has trouble finding rational support for the outcome. This difficulty seems to be virtually inevitable in cases so configured. Critical and explanatory analyses are offered. The interstate example also raises a special problem of legal theory, discussed here as well.
Constitutional Cohesion and the Right to Public Health
Authors: Hodge James , Aaron Daniel , Augur Haley , Cheff Ashley , Daval Joseph , Hensley Drew
Published: January 2020

Despite years of significant legal improvements stemming from a renaissance in public health law, Americans still face major challenges and barriers in assuring their communal health. Reversals of legal reforms coupled with maligned policies and chronic underfunding contribute to diminished public health outcomes. Underlying preventable morbidity and mortality nationally are realities of our existing constitutional infrastructure. In essence, there is no general obligation of government to protect or promote the public’s health. Under principles of “constitutional cohesion,” structural facets and rights-based principles interwoven within the Constitution protect individuals and groups from governmental vices (i.e., oppression, overreaching, tyranny, and malfeasance). Structural impediments and rights infringements provide viable options to challenge governmental efforts inapposite to protecting the public’s health. Through corollary applications framed as auxiliary, creative, and ghost righting, courts are also empowered to recognize core duties or rights that the Constitution may not explicitly denote but assuredly contains, to remedy identifiable vices. Notably, ghost righting charts a course for recognizing a constitutional right to public health that Americans are owed, and government must respect, to assure basic public health needs.
Vers une maîtrise à la source de la contamination des eaux pluviales urbaines : rétention et devenir de micropolluants dans deux ouvrages de filtration végétalisés
Authors: FLANAGAN K. , BRANCHU P. , BOUDAHMANE L. , CAUPOS E. , DEMARE D. , DESHAYES S. , DUBOIS P. , MEFFRAY L. , PARTIBANE C. , SAAD M. , GROMAIRE M.-C.
Published: January 2020

Les ouvrages de filtration végétalisés pour la gestion à la source des eaux pluviales, appelés à l’international des ouvrages de biofiltration, de biorétention ou vegetative filter strips, visent la maîtrise du ﬂux polluant associé aux eaux pluviales urbaines. Ces ouvrages permettent le stockage, la fltration au travers d’un substrat planté et éventuellement l’infiltration de l’eau. L’efficacité épuratoire a été évaluée in situ pour deux systèmes de biofiltration, un accotement filtrant et une noue filtrante, pour un panel diversifié de polluants. Ce panel comprend des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) et des micropolluants organiques – des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), des alkylphénols, le bisphénol A (BPA), des phtalates – dans les phases totales et dissoutes. Les polluants essentiellement associés à la phase particulaire (Pb, Zn et HAP) étaient très bien retenus dans les ouvrages (abattements de concentration ›90%) pour la majorité des événements pluvieux. Cependant, une performance dégradée a été observée vis-à-vis des particules pendant la période hivernale, ce qui a été attribué à la taille plus fne des particules pendant cette période. Les abattements des concentrations dissoutes étaient rarement significatifs et tendaient à être bien plus faibles que ceux observés pour les matières en suspension (MES) et les polluants présents sous forme particulaire. De ce fait, des rétentions relativement faibles étaient observées pour les concentrations totales en polluants modérément particulaires, tels que le BPA, les alkylphénols et les phtalates. La rétention des ETM dissous semble avoir été limitée par leur association à la matière organique dissoute, alors que celle des micropolluants organiques dissous était limitée essentiellement par la contamination initiale du substrat filtrant ou par des émissions depuis les matériaux synthétiques de construction. À l’échelle annuelle, la noue filtrante dans sa configuration finale abattait entre 33 et 81% du ﬂux polluant en fonction des polluants.
Caractérisation du potentiel toxique des eaux urbaines par bioessais – Cas de l’agglomération parisienne
Authors: MOILLERON R. , MORIN C. , PAULIC L. , MARCONI A. , ROCHER V. , MAILLER R. , BRESSY A. , GARRIGUE-ANTAR L.
Published: January 2020

Dans un cadre réglementaire, la qualité d’une eau est souvent évaluée en comparant des concentrations de substances individuelles à des seuils tels que les normes de qualité environnementale. Cette approche, bien que robuste, présente certaines limites. La seule information sur la présence de contaminants ne suffit pas à quantifier l’impact ou le potentiel toxique de ces eaux; l’information reste «individuelle» à l’échelle de substances, pour lesquelles suffisamment de données écotoxicologiques existent, sans permettre d’évaluer l’effet cocktail qui pourrait en résulter. Les bioessais sont des méthodes globales et intégrées qui fournissent des informations sur le potentiel toxique de l’échantillon considéré, voire sur la toxicité spécifique de certains groupes de substances. Notre démarche a donc consisté à suivre le potentiel toxique de différents échantillons d’eaux urbaines (efﬂuent hospitalier, eaux usées à l’exutoire de deux sous-bassins de la ville de Paris, eaux usées en entrée de station d’épuration et eau épurée, déversoirs d’orage) en utilisant trois panels: toxicité générale (huit bioessais sur algues, bactéries, champignons et cellules humaines), génotoxicité (trois bioessais sur bactéries et cellules humaines), perturbation endocrinienne (six bioessais sur cellules humaines). Les résultats montrent que les déversoirs d’orage apportent un excès de toxicité au milieu récepteur. Sur l’ensemble des émissaires, toutes les dimensions de la toxicité ont, à un moment ou un autre, été observées. La comparaison entre entrée et sortie de station d’épuration semblerait indiquer que l’abattement des paramètres physicochimiques ne se retrouve pas pour les indicateurs de la toxicité. Cependant, des études complémentaires sur ce type d’échantillons sont nécessaires pour confirmer ou non cette première tendance.
Priorisation des biocides émis par les matériaux de construction en vue de leur surveillance dans le milieu aquatique
Authors: PAIJENS C. , BRESSY A. , FRÈRE B. , MOILLERON R.
Published: January 2020

Ces dernières années, la notion de priorisation des substances à surveiller dans le milieu a émergé en raison de la diversité des composés. En effet, 100 000 substances sont référencées en Europe. Mais la priorisation des micropolluants est complexe de par les contextes très variés des différentes études, la diversité des critères de sélection possibles, les difficultés analytiques de leur suivi, etc. Les biocides sont des micropolluants encore peu suivis dans l’environnement malgré leur forte toxicité pour les organismes aquatiques et leurs nombreuses utilisations (plus de 800 couples substance/type de produit sont enregistrés en vertu du Règlement des produits biocides), notamment en milieu urbain: désinfectants, conservateurs dans les produits cosmétiques ou dans les matériaux de construction, pesticides, etc. Parmi les sources urbaines de contamination du milieu récepteur par les biocides, ce travail s’est intéressé aux rejets urbains de temps de pluie (eaux pluviales, déversoirs d’orage) qui se contaminent en ruisselant sur les surfaces urbaines telles que les bâtiments. En effet, des biocides sont ajoutés dans les matériaux de construction pour les protéger contre la croissance de micro-organismes à leur surface. Un exercice de priorisation des biocides a été conduit sur une liste de 25 biocides couramment utilisés dans les matériaux de construction afin de sélectionner des substances d’intérêt. Ces derniers ont été hiérarchisés en fonction de plusieurs critères liés à leurs émissions dans l’environnement, à l’exposition des populations aquatiques ainsi qu’à leur écotoxicité. Pour chacun des critères, un score entre 1 et 10 a été attribué en fonction du risque. Vingt biocides ont donc été sélectionnés comme pertinents à suivre dans le milieu.
Perancangan Alat Pengendali Pintu Air Sawah Otomatis dengan SIM800l Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno
Authors: Dharma I Putu Lingga , Tansa Salmawaty , Nasibu Iskandar Zulkarnain
Published: January 2020

Pertanian merupakan sumber mata pencarian utama penduduk Indonesia yang tinggal di  daerah  pedesaan.  Salah  satunya  padi  sawah.  Umumnya,  untuk  mengelola  sawah,  petani mengunjungi  lahan  pertanian  untuk  melihat  kondisi  tanah  pada  sawah  secara  periodik  dan mengairi  lahan  pertanian  dengan  membuka  dan  menutup  saluran  irigasi  sesuai  dengan perspektif  petani.  Hasil  padi  sawah  dipengaruhi  oleh  banyak  faktor  antara  lain,  iklim  yang selalu  berubah,  ketersediaan  air,  kesuburan  tanah,  sistem  pengelolaan  tanaman  dan  lain sebagainya. Sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat mengendalikan pendistribusian air secara merata dan cukup. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model alat pengendali pintu air sawah otomatis dengan Sim800L berbasis mikrokontroler arduino uno. Dalam bentuk model  alat  ini  mampu  memberikan  alternatif  dalam  memudahkan  petani  melakukan pengontrolan air pada lahan persawahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode rancang bangun model alat yang  terdiri  dari  beberapa  tahap  yaitu:  penentuan  spesifikasi  alat,  diagram  blok  alat, perancangan alat dan pengujian alat. Perancangan alat ini terdiri dari perancangan perangkat keras  dan  perangkat  lunak  dengan  mikrokontroler  ATmega  328  pada  arduino  uno  sebagai kontrol utama dalam sistem yang ada. Hasil dari pembuatan model alat ini yaitu berupa kendali pintu air sawah secara otomatis dengan Sim800l berrbasis mikrokontroler ATmega 328 pada arduino uno yang  dapat bekerja dengan baik sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diharapkan.
Karakteristik Tegangan Tembus Isolasi Cair dan Isolasi Udara pada Beberapa Perubahan Suhu dan Diameter Elektroda
Authors: Harinata I Made Dwi , Ilham Jumiati , Yusuf Taufiq Ismail
Published: January 2020

Kegagalan isolasi adalah masalah yang sering terjadi dalam penyaluran energi listrik. Isolasi diperlukan untuk memisahkan dua atau lebih penghantar listrik yang bertegangan agar tidak terjadi lompatan listrik. Apabila pada bahan dielektrik diberikan medan listrik yang melebihi kemampuannya maka isolasi akan mengalami tegangan tembus dan kerusakan peralan listrik sehingga kontinuitas kerja sistem terganggu.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tegangan tembus pada isolasi cair dan isolasi udara serta mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan diameter elektroda terhadap karakteristik tegangan tembus pada isolasi cair dan isolasi udara. Metode pengujian yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian yaitu menggunakan tegangan tinggi AC frekuensi 50 Hz dengan elektroda bola-bola dan elektroda bidang-bidang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil tegangan tembus minyak transformator dan isolasi udara sebelum diatur suhunya diperoleh nilai tegangan tembus minyak transformator pada elektroda bola-bola berdiameter 1,8 cm sebesar 33,79 kV, diameter 4,9 cm sebesar 36,58 kV, dan diameter 9,7 cm sebesar 39,07 kV, pada elektroda bidang-bidang berdiameter 1,4 cm sebesar 39,91 kV, diameter 4,8 cm sebesar 34,31 kV, dan diameter 16 cm sebesar 39,91 kV. Sedangkan tegangan tembus isolasi udara pada elektroda bola-bola berdiameter 1,8 cm sebesar 7,95 kV, diameter 4,9 cm sebesar 8,27 kV, dan diameter 9,7 cm sebesar 9,13 kV, pada elektroda bidang-bidang berdiameter 1,4 cm sebesar 7,93 kV, diameter 4,8 cm sebesar 8,25 kV, dan diameter 16 cm sebesar 9,25 kV. Setiap terjadi kenaikan suhu pada minyak transformator dan isolasi udara maka nilai tegangan tembus akan semakin menurun dan setiap bertambahnya ukuran diameter elektroda maka nilai tegangan tembus minyak transformator dan isolasi udara akan semakin meningkat.
Optimalisasi Biaya dan Waktu Pelaksanaan Proyek Pembangunan Kantor Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Bone Bolango dengan Metode Least Cost Analysis
Authors: Paramata Fikri A. , Utiarahman Arfan
Published: January 2020

Pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi memerlukan adanya manajemen proyek yang terorganisir, baik dari segi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengendalian. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar dapat meningkatkan sistem pengelolaan proyek yang baik dan terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jaringan kerja, menganalisis durasi dan biaya optimal pelaksaan proyek pembangunan gedung Kantor Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Least Cost Analysis untuk memperoleh waktu dan biaya yang optimal. Penjadwalan menggunakan metode CPM (critical path method) atau metode jalur kritis. Pekerjaan terpilih yang berada pada lintasan kritis selanjutnya di crash program dengan cara menambahkan jumlah pekerja dan jumlah jam kerja (lembur) pada pekerjaan yang dipercepat. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan durasi optimal pekerjaan 168 hari kerja dari durasi normal 180 hari kerja, terjadi efisiensi waktu sebesar 6,67 %. Biaya optimal ditentukan sebesar Rp. 1.604.248.723 terjadi kenaikan biaya akibat percepatan sebesar Rp. 7.273.214.
Pengaruh Variasi Diameter Elektroda E7018 Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik, Kekerasan, dan Struktur Mikro Pengelasan pada Baja Karbon Rendah Jenis SS400 dengan Metode SMAW
Authors: Azis Rizal Abdul , Suharno Suharno , Saputro Herman
Published: January 2020

Metal welding by the welding method has weaknesses including the decrease in strength of the material and the results of residual stress, as well as the presence of cracks due to the welding process. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of variations in the diameter of the electrode E7018 to tensile strength, hardness, and microstructure on alloysteel SS400 before (raw material) and after welding using welding methodes Shileded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) methode. This research uses experimental methode. Technique of data analysis used is the comparative descriptive.  Based on the results of the reseach, it can be conclude that the result of the micro structure test showed an inrease perlit structure after welding. On raw material, ferrit structure looks prevalent but on welding result using SMAW welding methods with the variation in the diameter of the electrode 2.6 mm, 3.2 mm, and 4.0 mm showed that the ferrit decreases on each specimen, so the perlite structure is very dominating. Value of tensile strength on the welding result showed a difference in tension and strain. Specimen with a diameter of electrode 4.0 mm have a higher tension level and strain is 471.11 MPa and 24.98% if compared to the electrode diameter 3.2 mm specimen is 470.15 MPa and 24.81%, and the electrode diameter 2.6 mm is 462.42 MPa and 20.57%. This research shows that the welding using diameter variation of electrode changed value of the tensile strength, micro structure and effected on the value of hardness alloy Steel SS400.