bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability and correlationship of agronomic characteristics of unproducing arabica coffee of Sumatra Island
Authors: Alnopri  , Yulian  , Damanik F E
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is the main producer of robusta coffee, while the coffee world wants Arabica coffee. The study was conducted in the lowlands at an altitude of 10 meters above sea level using a randomized block design. The treatment was 9 varieties of Sumatran Arabica coffee with three replications. The results showed that the growth of plant height and stem diameter of Arabica coffee in the lowlands was normal. The characteristics of internode length and primary branch length have narrow variability, the characteristics of plant height, stem diameter and length of stem segments have moderate variability, and characteristics of the number of pairs of leaves and canopy area have wide variability. Arabica coffee from Sumatra Island shows a close relationship to coffee from Nangroe Aceh Darusalam and North Sumatra and quite far from coffee from South Sumatra. The growth of Arabica coffee is normal. The number of pairs of leaves and canopy area can be used as selection criteria. The relationship between arabica coffee from Nangroe Aceh Darussalam and North Sumatra is quite close, whereas the coffee from South Sumatra it is quite distant. Germplasm from Sumatra under study needs to be added from other coffee-producing regions.
The physical quality of elephant grass silage with tannin extract from coffee husk
Authors: Nurfitriani R A , Wulandari S , Bahariawan A , Kusuma S B , Ningsih N , Muhamad N , Yulinarsari A P , Prasetya R Y , Rohman S
Published: February 2024

Forage is a major feed that determines the success of livestock farming, especially ruminants. The silage is one technique to preserve forage to maintain the availability of forage all year. Microbes have an important role in the silage process, microbes can break down nutrient components of silage, including protein. Protein is one of the primary nutrients for animals, tannin compound of coffee husk can be used to maintain protein compounds in the silage. Tannin is a bioactive compound from the extract of coffee husk that is non-toxic, organic, and classified as polyphenols. This research purpose was to know the effect of adding an additive of tannin coffee husk on the physical quality of elephant grass silage. The research was analyzed using a T-Test design with 2 treatments and 5 replications (T0: elephant grass + 2% molasses; T1: elephant grass + 2% molasses + coffee husk tannin). The results indicated that no significant difference in the added tannin extract on the final and initial pH value and organoleptic characteristics of elephant grass silage. The conclusion of the research was the tannin extract of coffee husk can maintain the protein content of elephant grass silage in the ensilage process.
Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of complete feed based on durian waste (Durio zibethinus Murr.) as local male sheep feed
Authors: Sadeli A , Hanafi N D , Tafsin M , Bangun A H
Published: February 2024

Durian waste has the potential to be used as livestock feed, but it needs further processing to increase its nutritional value. The aim of this study was to examine the value of dry matter and organic matter digestibility of complete feed based on durian waste as local male sheep feed. Apart from that, this research also aims to create a sustainable agricultural system with zero waste. The design used a completely randomized design (CRD) 4x4. The treatment consisted of P0 = control; P1 = CF with 20% durian peel + 20% durian seed + 20% elephant grass; P2 = CF with 30% durian peel + 20% durian seed + 10% elephant grass; P3 = CF with 40% durian peel + 20% durian seed. The result showed that the use of durian waste in the complete feed had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the consumption and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The conclusion of this study is the utilization of durian peel and seeds in complete feed can increase the consumption and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter for local male sheep with the best dosage being 30% durian peel + 20% durian seed + 10% elephant grass.
Comparison of natural corn cob and carbon corn cob in the purification of used cooking oil with shaker operation
Authors: Haryanto B , Tambun R , Sinaga R F J , Br Sembiring S V , Hutabarat A , Alexander V
Published: February 2024

The research aims to determine the adsorption ability and modeling of adsorption kinetics to purify used cooking oil using natural and carbonized corn cob adsorbent, which is economical, efficient, and sustainable due to its low price, renewability, and simplicity. Samples of used cooking oil were taken as much as 100 ml with an adsorbent mass of 3 g and particle size of 50 mesh and stirred using a shaker. Based on the results, it was found that the effect of carbonization was able to reduce the turbidity of used cooking oil, whereas for the use of natural corn cob adsorbent, at 20 minutes, turbidity of 59.0 NTU was obtained and 45.2 NTU was obtained after the adsorption process for 5 hours, while for the use of corn cob carbon adsorbent, a turbidity of 62.8 NTU was obtained for the same adsorbent size and 39.8 NTU was obtained after the adsorption process for 5 hours. Chemical interaction trends were also obtained, as shown in the second-order pseudo graph with coefficient of determination (R2) values close to 1 using natural corn cob and corn cob carbon adsorbents, namely 0.9965 and 0.9959.
Formulation of babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) leaf extract natural liquid soap
Authors: Sartika D , Febrianda S Y , Susilawati  , Herdiana N
Published: February 2024

Babadotan leaf has an antibacterial agent which able to protect the skin from types of infectious diseases. The antibacterial agent is potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent in soap preparation also potential replaced the SLS soap. The purpose of this study is to determine the best concentration extract of babadotan on liquid soap based SNI 06-4085-1996. The concentration treatment of babadotan leaf extract consisted of 9 levels (0-40%). Observations made included the degree of acidity (pH), specific gravity, foam stability, total plate count, sensory test consisting of a scoring test and a hedonic test. Then the data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. The result is the best babadotan extract liquid bath soap at an extract concentration of 25%. Babadotan extract liquid soap produces the best characteristics with a score color 3.32 (typical babadotan), aroma 3.67 (fresh), texture 2.95 (less viscous), foam 3.32 (like), and overall acceptability 3.52 (like). The 25% extract treatment resulted in a pH value of 6.59, a specific gravity is 1.03 and a total plate number of 3.4x104. The stability of the resulting foam is at 94.35%, antibacterial inhibition formed was 18.41 mm.
Examining the drivers of CO2 Emission: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Ichsan  , Teniro A , Ikramuddin  , Hasan A , Marzuki  , Syamni G , Ansari R
Published: February 2024

CO2 emissions are a significant risk and threat not only to the economy, environment, and agriculture but also to public health. In this study, we examine empirical evidence of the impact of economic growth, renewable energy use, and agricultural sector improvement on reducing CO2 emissions and environmental degradation in Indonesia based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. This study uses annual time series data from 1988 to 2020 by applying Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully-Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) econometric estimation techniques. Based on empirical evidence, the EKC phenomenon in Indonesia cannot be validated and justified because it correlates with increasing economic growth rates as well as increasing CO2 emissions. In addition, technological innovation and renewable energy applied to Indonesia’s more modern agricultural sector have a significant impact on reducing carbon emissions and improving environmental quality. Furthermore, the consumption of renewable energy in Indonesia is limited to the manufacturing and service sectors, which means it does not contribute to carbon emissions.
Challenges and opportunities in building environmental awareness in the Keduang Watershed Region in Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo A , Suwarto  , Lestari E , Rahayu
Published: February 2024

Watersheds are ecosystems which are crucial for water quality, biodiversity, and overall environmental sustainability. Increasing pressure from human activities such as deforestation, water pollution, and changes in land use has begun to threaten the sustainability of watersheds throughout the world. This research discusses the challenges and opportunities in building environmental awareness in a watershed region. A qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach is used to understand the experiences, attitudes, and actions of the watershed community in relation to environmental issues. The research results show the challenges faced include a lack of understanding about the watershed ecosystem, insufficient access to information technology, economic problems, and poor local leadership to support environmental preservation. An integrated environmental education program, together with community participation and development of technological innovation may offer an effective solution. Strong environmental awareness in watershed regions not only supports environmental preservation but also creates sustainable economic opportunities, strengthens environmental resilience, and improves the life quality of the community. Therefore, building environmental awareness in watershed regions is not only the job of local communities but also the shared responsibility of various stakeholders, which is needed to achieve sustainability of the river ecosystem and the broader environment.
Sustainable cultivation of red chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.) through a composition of NPK and biological organics fertilizers
Authors: Hapsoh  , Dini I R , Wawan  , Wahyunianto H , Rifa’i A
Published: February 2024

One form of sustainable agricultural activity that can be carried out is by implementing environmentally friendly agriculture, such as applying inorganic and biological organic fertilizers. The research aims to obtain a composition of NPK doses and biological organic fertilizer on red chili plants in reducing use of NPK fertilizer to support sustainable chili farming. The fertilizer provided is in the form of palm oil processing waste (sludge) and biofertilizer based on a bacterial consortium. The experimental design used in this research was a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatment given consisted of a composition of 100% NPK added petroganics (P1), added sludge compost (P2), a composition of 75% NPK added sludge compost (P3), added sludge compost + biofertilizer (P4), a composition of 50% NPK added sludge compost and biofertilizer (P5), and a composition of 25% NPK added sludge compost and biofertilizer (P6). Based on the results, the composition of 75% NPK added sludge compost + biofertilizer gave results relatively the same as the composition of 100% NPK + petroganic fertilizer in several parameters. This shows that sludge compost + biofertilizer can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer by as much as 25%.
The effect of purple sweet potato flour (Ipomoea batatas L) as substitution on anthocyanins content and antioxidant capacity of snow white’s ball cookies
Authors: Sunaryo N A , Ab Rashid P D , Nurmalasari R , Soekopitojo S
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the impact of substituting wheat flour againts purple sweet potato flour (Ipomoea batatas L.) on the anthocyanins content and antioxidant capacity of Snow White’s Ball Cookies. Anthocyanins are natural vibrant red, purple, and blue pigments contained in many foods; including purple sweet potato. Anthocyanins are part of a larger group of compounds called flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties and are associated with several potential health benefits. Antioxidants are known for their role in mitigating oxidative stress and promoting health. Purple sweet potatoes are esteemed for their rich antioxidant content, primarily attributed to the presence of anthocyanins. This study aims to determine whether including purple sweet potato flour (PSPF) enhances the antioxidant properties of these cookies. The method used in this study is a completely randomized design experiment (CRD). There are four treatments: substitution of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results of this study indicate that 100% (Formula E) substitution of purple sweet potato flour has the lowest antioxidant capacity of 85.04 ppm and higher anthocyanins content of 5.30 (mg/100g). So, it is proven that the antioxidant content in the form of anthocyanins in snow white ball cookies is high.
Reduce the conversion of paddy fields to strengthen food security in Dabun Gelang sub-district
Authors: Alfiansyah I , Satria R A , Tarigan I M , Sari N , Azrafa C , Surni  , Nasution I
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to determine how much rice field land is converted and how much rice is needed in Dabun Gelang Sub-District, Gayo Lues Regency, Aceh Province. Use ArcGIS apps and 2011 and 2019 Land Use Maps. To see the change in the conversion of rice fields to non-rice fields using the overlay technique between the two maps to obtain a map of changes in rice fields and the extent of changes. Furthermore, the rice demand in Dabun Gelang District was produced by comparing the projected number of residents in 2023, 2025, 2030, and 2033. The results showed that during the period between 2011 and 2019, there was a conversion of rice fields to settlements covering an area of 41.80 Ha (5.06%), rice fields to thickets covering an area of 0.0003 Ha (0.00%), rice fields to plantation forests covering an area of 32.25 Ha (3.91%) and rice fields to dryland agriculture covering an area of 0.001 Ha (0.00%). The projected rice demand in Dabun Gelang District in 2023 is 2,256,320 kg/person/year. In 2025, it is 2,326,400 kg/person/year. In 2030, it will be 2,501,120 kg/person/year; in 2033, it will be 2,606,080 kg/person/year.
Estimation shelf life on hand sanitizer that utilizes waru leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus) waste using the accelerated method with arrhenius model
Authors: Sartika D , Ayunisa P M , Susilawati  , Herdiana N
Published: February 2024

Reprocessing organic waste such as leaves and fruit peels can produce natural hand sanitizers with novelty or useful findings. Waru leaf hand sanitizer is a new innovation that uses natural ingredients and low alcohol. Natural extracts in products are still susceptible to damage, so an estimated shelf life is needed. Estimated shelf life is related to product quality, both producers and consumers really need it. Estimating the shelf life of an item is one way to find out how long the product can be stored. By using the ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Testing) method with the Arrhenius model, this study aims to determine how long the waru leaf hand sanitizer gel can last. For 18 days, the waru leaf hand sanitizer was stored at storage temperatures of 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C. Direct observation of the object of research (pH, texture, aroma, color, and absorbency) was used to obtain research data. Waru leaf hand sanitizer has 108.48 days (3.17 months) shelf life at 30°C, according to the results.
Anti-fungal of edible film from cassava starch added with cinnamon and its physicochemical characteristics as environmentally friendly coffee packaging
Authors: Nasution S , Sihombing G , Ramanda M R
Published: February 2024

Hydrocolloids, lipids, and other naturally digestible components are used to make edible film, a type of environmentally friendly packaging. Cassava starch is a form of hydrocolloid that is used as the major component to create edible films. Dry items like coffee grounds enable fungus growth, lowering the quality of the coffee. This study will examine the impact of cinnamon powder addition on edible film properties such as antifungals, physicochemicals, and sensory characteristics. This study had a random design with two replications. The collected data were examined using a one-way ANOVA test, followed by Duncan’s test. The results demonstrated that the diameter of the clear zone increased with increasing cinnamon powder concentration, indicating that the edible film’s capacity to block fungal growth was also increasing. With the addition of cinnamon powder, the physicochemical properties of the edible film were considerably changed. The sensory test revealed that the addition of cinnamon powder significantly changed the aroma but not the taste and color.
Utilization of coconut dregs into crispy cookies as gluten-free snacks: sensory analysis and nutritional content
Authors: Langi T M , Tooy D , Koapaha T
Published: February 2024

Coconut dregs are a by-product of processing coconut meat. Even though it is only a byproduct, coconut dregs still contain nutrients that are beneficial for the human body. It can be made as flour to make a variety of foods. The objective of this study is to identify the optimal formulation by assessing the preferences of panelists and the nutritional content of crispy cookies gluten-free products made from a mixture of composite flour of coconut dregs and red bean flour; each mixture percentage is A1 (10:90); A2 (30:70); A3 (50:50); A4 (70:30) and A5 (90:10) and coconut dregs with purple sweet potato flour at the level of each mixture percentage (%): B1 (10:90); B2 (30:70); B3 (50:50); B4 (70:30) and B5 (90:10). The test results on taste, aroma, texture, and crunchiness of crispy cookies were most preferred in treatment A5 (90:10) for a mixture of red bean flour. The nutritional value of it is 8% protein, 27% fat, 58% carbohydrates with 5.73% and coarse. In mixing with purple sweet potato flour, treatment B5 (90:10), containing 10.5% protein, 30.88% fat, and 52.83% carbohydrates with 8.63% crude fiber, was most preferred by panelists.
Process of making muffin from modified sweet potato flour made from sustainable raw material based Indonesian local resources
Authors: Nurminah M , Tanuwijaya J , Karo-Karo T
Published: February 2024

Modified sweet potato flour is sweet potato flour that has been enhanced to maintain and improve its quality, thereby reducing the overall consumption of sweet potato flour in Indonesia. Muffins, being a type of quick bread that requires only a small amount of gluten, are highly suitable for use with modified sweet potato flour. This research was carried out in two stages: Stage I involved the modification of sweet potato flour, and stage II consisted of formulating a mixture of wheat flour and modified sweet potato flour. The research employs a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for both of these two stages and the determine of the best treatments are conducted using De Garmo effectiveness index method. The modified flour (annealing, instant yeast fermentation, LAB fermentation, and acetic acid) was analyzed for various quality parameters. Once the best method for modifying sweet potato flour was determined, the second stage involved the preparation of muffins. The muffin (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) were also analyzed for various quality. The final results indicated that the J3 treatment (LAB fermentation) was the most effective for modifying the flour, and the F2 treatment (75:25 ratio) was the best formulation for muffins.
Improving the quality of pendawa chocolate bar with the addition of palm oil and coconut oil
Authors: Harahap E S , Julianti E , Addina S
Published: February 2024

Chocolate bars are a food that is in demand by almost all age groups, both men and women. Aside from being a healthy snack, chocolate products are included in the refreshing plant, which can stimulate the central nervous system. It creates a happy dopamine effect for those who consume it. The demand for chocolate bar products has increased every year. As one of the world’s largest cocoa-producing and supplying countries, Indonesia must evaluate the quality of its cocoa beans. This research uses fermented cocoa beans, which are then processed into cocoa butter cocoa paste, which is used to manufacture pendawa chocolate bars. Other ingredients include mustard oil, coconut oil, cocoa butter, cocoa paste, powdered sugar, powdered milk, baking soda, vanilla, and lecithin, which are added to the chocolate bar formulation. Color, total dissolved solids, hardness, and melting time of chocolate bars were analyzed. The formulation of ingredients with palm oil was better for improving the quality of the chocolate bars produced based on the level of hardness, total dissolved solids, and melting time. The best treatment in this research was the F5 formulation, namely the addition of coconut oil in making Pendawa chocolate bars with a melting time of close to 24 hours at room temperature.
Bacterial diversity and community level physiological profiling of terasi (Indonesian shrimp paste) to ensure its food safety
Authors: Helmi H , Astuti D I , Aditiawati P
Published: February 2024

Fermentation is a technology to increase the economic value and preserve of seasonal products such as tiny shrimps. This study aimed to ensure the safety and the length of production time of shrimp paste by determining the bacteria involved, during the shrimp paste fermentation process with 10% and 15% salt content. Identification of halophilic bacteria by 16S rRNA used primers 27F and 1492R. Identification of unculturable bacteria used bacterial amplification in the V3-V4 rRNA region. Bacterial activity was observed using the Community Level Physiology Profiling technique. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in shrimp paste with 10% and 15% salt were culturable, i.e., Staphylococcus nepalensis, Salinicoccus qingdaoensis, and Staphylococcus cochnii. In the unculturable identification, the dominant bacteria in shrimp paste with 10% salt were Alkalibacillus, Alkalibacterium, Tetragenococcus, whereas the shrimp paste with 15% salt was dominated by genus of Salimicrobium, Staphylococcus, Corticicoccus, Alkalibacterium and Lentibacillus. The shrimp paste with 10% salt used a high amount of carbohydrate and carboxylic acid substrate. Both 10% and 15% salt of terasi were safe to consume due to no pathogenic bacteria contained. The production of shrimp paste with 10% salt is more profitable due to the low production cost and faster production time.
Evaluating the use of cinnamon-water extract as taste modifier in yoghurt drink by temporal dominance of sensation
Authors: Fibrianto K , Fanandi S V
Published: February 2024

Development of low sugar food product has become a trend in food industries as the increase of diabetic prevalence. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) has the potential to be used as a yoghurt drink taste modifier that expected to reduce sugar application. The goal of this study was to obtain the sensory attribute profile of cinnamon yoghurt drink with different concentrations of sugar and cinnamon, and evaluate the ability of cinnamon as sweet and sour taste modifier in yoghurt drink. This study involved 11 trained panelists to describe the sensory attribute profile of cinnamon yoghurt drink using the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method with 3 different concentrations of sugar (7,5%; 10%; and 12,5%) and cinnamon (0%; 5%; and 10%). It is important to note that the increase of cinnamon tended to suppress the sourness instead of enhancing the sweetness. Thus, it will lead to further sugar reduction application.
Potato cultivation energy ratio in Food Estate, Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Sigalingging R , Ismail I K , Harahap L A , Sigalingging C
Published: February 2024

Food Estates is a government scheme to feed a rising population. Field data demonstrate the usage of diesel fuel, electricity, and chemicals to apply insecticides, fertilisers, and fungicides, which harms the environment and requires energy-saving methods. This study examines Bliss potato cultivation energy ratios. This research examined 0.13 hectares of potato farming energy. Machinery, human resources, diesel fuel, chemicals, fertilisers, manure, irrigation water, seeds, and power are studied in potato production. Low energy ratio (0.724) compared to sample yield (4.3). The energy ratio rises with yield generation, but yield per unit of energy is low. A negative net energy balance exists. The research advises increasing potato output to meet energy ratios. Potato farmers may save money, minimize environmental impact, and increase productivity by improving energy efficiency.
Internet of Things (IoT)-Driven on Evaporative Cooling System for Tropical Greenhouse Environmental Control
Authors: Alhaqi M A D , Nugroho A P , Prasetyatama Y D , Sutiarso L , Dzaky M A F
Published: February 2024

The impact of climate change on tropical agriculture can be mitigated by using controlled environmental conditions in tropical greenhouse buildings with evaporative cooling. Precision agriculture can be applied by adopting technology based on the Internet of Things (IoT) with easy access and real-time monitoring. A study has been conducted to design and manufacture an IoT-based evaporative cooling control system for cultivating horticultural crops in tropical greenhouses. The system consists of an environmental monitoring node and an air cooler actuator control node. Data temperature, relative humidity, and the response of the control actuator can be monitored in real-time via a cloud server. The study also discusses Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) as an important factor that needs to be considered in controlling greenhouse environmental conditions. The study used a linear regression test, validation test, analysis of VPD, calculation of the accuracy of the evaporative cooler, as well as evaluation of packet loss.
Evaluating urban mini plant factories: engineering and software cost perspectives for agriculture sustainability
Authors: Wisdayanti B G , Nugroho A P , Sutiarso L , Falah M A F , Dzaky M A F
Published: February 2024

Precision agriculture serves as a crucial solution to address the challenges of food security and agriculture sustainability. It provides significant benefits and enables effective monitoring of agriculture throughout the entire supply chain using a technology-driven approach that prioritizes internet connectivity and leverages big data. A noteworthy application of precision agriculture is the Mini Plant Factory, where plants are cultivated in closed systems with artificial lighting. The development of the Mini Plant Factory requires an economic feasibility analysis as a determinant of technology viability before widespread implementation, aiming to promote agriculture sustainability. The Software Cost Estimation Model (SCEM) assesses software development’s cost and time requirements. Engineering economics evaluates economic feasibility using metrics like NPV, BCR, IRR, PBP, and BEP methods. Function Point Analysis for UMPF software development estimates a cost of Rp 33,052,414, equivalent to 1,311 man-hours. Investment feasibility analysis considers the utilization of UMPF as viable, with an NPV of IDR 46,938,615, BCR of 1.08, IRR of 28%, and projected profitability within four years. Precision agriculture strategically addresses complex agricultural challenges, fostering sustainability with innovations such as the UMPF. The SCEM and engineering economics confirm the feasibility and rationale for implementing UMPF technology, providing essential insights for sustainable agricultural practices.
Analysis of some variables affecting the marketable surplus of wheat production farms in Iraq
Authors: Abd Almajeedl S M , Kadhim Z R
Published: February 2024

The change in the familiar features of the markets for selling the wheat crop in Iraq is one of the most important problems facing wheat farmers in Iraq. Where that surplus is sold among its various distribution channels in the country. The research aims to identify the most important economic and social factors affecting the marketable surplus of wheat farms in Baghdad governorate for the agricultural season 2023. The study was based mainly on the primary data of a simple random sample of a total of 50 wheat farmers in Baghdad governorate distributed among the various agricultural units of the governorate. The data required for the study were collected through a questionnaire prepared to achieve the research objective. The estimated results indicated that the marketable surplus of the wheat crop in the farms of the study sample is affected by each of the variables: the quantity of crop production, average selling price, in-kind deductions, harvest and collection loss, and family consumption, where the significance of these factors proved at different statistical levels, while there were no significant differences in the effect on the marketable surplus of wheat in relation to the cultivated area variable in all the estimated functional formulas.
Cost of production, break-even point and sensitivity of honje processing into honje juice
Authors: Rahayu N S M , Nuryaman H , Suyudi  , Mutiarasari N R
Published: February 2024

Honje juice agro-industry is one of the industries that process honje as raw material into processed products in the form of drinks that are ready for consumption. This study aims to determine the amount of total costs, cost of goods produced, break-even point of sales value and production volume, and the level of sensitivity of honje juice agro-industry. The research was conducted at Luthfi Food Company, one of whose products is Honje Lakaku Juice. The research method used is a case study. The analysis used is total cost analysis, cost of goods produced, break-even point and sensitivity. The results showed that the total production cost of honje into honje juice was IDR 446,156.95 in one production process, the cost of production was IDR 4,055 per 250 ml, the break-even point of honje juice sales value was IDR 64,810.38 and the break-even point of production volume was 1,620.26 ml (7 bottles of honje juice). The sensitivity of honje to honje juice is seen in the price increase of honje by 400 percent, this causes an increase in sales value to IDR 113,799.34, and an increase in production volume to 2,844.98 ml (11 bottles of honje juice).
Fluctuations and trends in the prices of red chilies and cayenne peppers in the traditional markets of Makassar City
Authors: Mardiyati S , Natsir M
Published: February 2024

Chili is a strategic food commodity which is the main seasoning for food in Indonesia. The chili commodity has high price fluctuations because production and supply are highly dependent on the risk of climate change. This research aims to analyse fluctuations, trends and comparisons of prices for large red chilies, curly red chilies and red cayenne peppers in the Makassar City Traditional Market. The data type is monthly time series secondary data for January 2020 to May 2023. Data analysis is coefficient variation, trend linear analysis, and t test. The results of this research show that the prices of large red chilies and curly red chilies have moderate fluctuations, while the prices of red cayenne peppers have high fluctuations. The price trend for large red chilies increased by IDR 144.24 per kilogram, curly red chilies IDR 200.99 per kilogram, and cayenne pepper IDR 362.42 per kilogram per month. The price of cayenne pepper has proven to be significantly higher than the price of large red chilies and the price of curly red chilies. The prices of red chilies and cayenne peppers at Pabaeng-baeng Market and Daya Market do not have a significant difference.
Estimation of loss of rice farmers due to flood at Krueng Kluet Watershed (with the eclac method approach)
Authors: Pirngadi R S , Rahmawaty  , Ayu S F , Rauf A
Published: February 2024

Deforestation in protected areas has caused flooding which has an impact on the rice farming sector at Krueng Kluet Aceh watershed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the area and area of rice fields affected by the Krueng Kluet watershed flood and calculate the estimated economic value of rice farmers’ losses due to flooding in the Krueng Kluet watershed using the ECLAC method. The results obtained in this study there are four classifications of flooding in lowland rice farming land, namely, very high, high, medium and low prone, with a total of 1.391 ha of lowland rice land affected by flooding in the Krueng Kluet watershed. The estimated value of the total loss from the impact of floods that hit lowland rice farming in the Krueng Kluet watershed area is 9,052,640,500 IDR. The implication of this research is the forest destruction consequence in the upstream of the Krueng Kluet watershed, the flood intensity is increasing from year to year greatly impacted the paddy rice agricultural sector. As a result of flooding many farmers suffered losses, mainly because the death of planted rice seeds, crop failures and loss of paddy rice production which was swept away by the flood currents.
Identifying production costs of Rosa sp: a transaction costs economics perspective
Authors: Abbas M H I , Priambodo M P , Prastiwi L F
Published: February 2024

Transaction costs are costs that appear in almost every economic transaction. The existence of transaction costs creates production cost inefficiencies. This research aims to identify the production costs borne by rose farmers as one of the leading commodities in East Java, especially Batu City. Apart from that, this research also identifies transaction costs that make production costs inefficient. The method used in this study is qualitative. The data collection tool used was unstructured interviews with rose farmer group administrators in Gunungsari Village, Batu City. Based on the research results, without transaction costs, the average total costs incurred by rose farmers in cutting rose farming is IDR 43,565,085.78 per planting season. The research results also show that there are six types of transaction costs that we have identified. These costs consist of explicit and implicit costs. Explicit costs refer to costs that are clear in amount and farmers know the exact data. Meanwhile, implicit costs refer to costs that farmers do not know the exact amount of.
Forecasting analysis of harvest area, production and productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Pinem N F , Kesuma S I , Astuti R I
Published: February 2024

North Sumatra Province stands out as a key hub for potato cultivation in Indonesia, with a considerable potato consumption rate driven by its substantial population. This study aims to analyze the trend of harvest area, production, and productivity of potatoes in North Sumatra Province from 2007 to 2021. Additionally, it seeks to project the future trends in harvest areas, production, and productivity for the period 2023-2032 through forecasting analysis facilitated by the SPSS program application. The research employs purposive area sampling to determine the study locations, utilizing secondary data sourced from the Central Agency on Statistics of North Sumatra Province. Finding reveal a positive trend in potato harvest area, production, and productivity from 2007 to 2021. Looking ahead to 2023-2032, the forecast indicates a downward trajectory in potato harvest areas, while potato production and productivity are anticipated to maintain a positive trend in North Sumatra Province.
The simultaneous effect of credit on sustainable food crop production and agricultural economic growth in Indonesia
Authors: Saptia Y , Rusnani
Published: February 2024

In general, Indonesian farmers still face limited capital in their production. Therefore, credit is needed as additional capital, which is expected to help increase their agricultural business, especially rice production. This study analyzes how credit influences rice production and agricultural economic growth simultaneously. Secondary data are a time series over 12 years (2010-2021) from BPS Statistics Indonesia and Bank Indonesia. The Statistical Analysis System/Econometric Time Series (SAS/ETS) program version 9.4 is used to estimate this study using two-stage least squares (2SLS). The results show that credit simultaneously influences rice production sustainability and economic growth in the agricultural sector through credit interest rates. A simulation model that combines an increase in agricultural credit distribution of 20% and an interest rate of 5% has a greater impact on increasing rice production and economic growth in the agricultural sector compared to a simulation model that only provides a credit interest rate of 5% or 3%.
Contribution of the agricultural sector to embody Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jambi Province
Authors: Yanita M , Napitupulu D M T , Rahmah K , Alamsyah Z , Fauzia G , Herlambang N , Tanaka M A R
Published: February 2024

This research aims to investigate the agricultural sector’s contribution to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jambi Province, as well as policies to increase the agricultural sector’s role in the realization of the SDGs in Jambi Province. Using a simultaneous equation model to analyze how development affects key measures of SDG achievement. The findings indicated that The contribution of the agricultural sector to the realization of sustainable economic development (SDGs) in Jambi Province has a significant effect on the reliability of the agricultural sector in the realization of sustainable economic development (SDGs) in Jambi Province. Policies that can be carried out by the government to increase the role of the agricultural sector in realizing sustainable economic development (SDGs) in Jambi Province are those that are Triple Bottom Line (TBL): pro-planet, profit, and people. Support for the agricultural sector in the form of effective policies and incentives is used as a measure of the effectiveness of sustainable development in the province of Jambi. The government must take a number of factors into account when drafting agricultural development policies.
Analysis of business feasibility on rice milling business in Porsea district of Toba Samosir regency
Authors: Marpaung N , Manurung R K , Eriza F
Published: February 2024

The consistent growth in grain production, particularly rice, in Toba Samosir has led to the emergence of numerous rice milling businesses in the region. This is due to the significant potential for further expansion in grain production in the district, making it an attractive area for such ventures. Nevertheless, the rice milling industry in the Porsea sub-district has various intricate challenges, including funding, technological advancements, marketing strategies, and access to market intelligence. This study aims to ascertain the characteristics of the rice milling industry and determine the firm’s financial viability. The methodology employed in this study involves doing a feasibility analysis utilizing the metrics of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Net Benefit Cost Ratio. The objective is determine the viability of rice milling activities in the Porsea sub-district. The findings indicated that the mean annual income of the rice milling industry in Porsea amounted to 147,439,448 IDR. The Porsea rice milling business has met the necessary criteria for consideration, with a Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 658,682,140, a Net Benefit-to-Cost ratio (Net B/C) of 1.2, and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 46.29%. These figures suggest that most regional rice milling firms are financially feasible.
The influence of EU renewable energy directive policy to Indonesian palm oil exports to some EU countries
Authors: Alamsyah Z , Ratnasari D , Elwamendri E , Fauzia G
Published: February 2024

The objectives of this study are 1) to describe Indonesian palm oil export to some European Union (EU) countries and some export determinant variables, 2) to analyze the implementation of the EU renewable energy Directive (RED) as an instrument to guarantee that the traded products are environmentally friendly and sustainable, and 3) to analyze the effect of the RED on Indonesian palm oil exports. The effect of RED was estimated through the export function behavior of Indonesian palm oil to each selected EU country. The secondary data was used for period of 2000–2021. A simultaneous equation model using the 2SLS method was applied for the analysis. The research result implies that the 2003 Directive, and the rupiah real exchange rate have significant effect on Indonesian export to Spain, Italy and Germany. While the price of palm oil in the EU is significantly affected the Indonesian palm oil export to Italy and Germany, but not to Spain. The strengthening of the rupiah exchange rate caused a decrease in Indonesian palm oil exports to Spain but increased the exports of Indonesian palm oil to Italy and Germany, and also increased the palm oil prices in the EU market.
Is the income of independent smallholder oil palm after replanting with a conventional system greater than the underplanting system in supporting the sustainability of oil palm plantations?
Authors: Fauzia G , Hamid E , Alamsyah Z , Simbolon S
Published: February 2024

The sustainability of oil palm plantations is of particular concern from government. One of the problems that has not yet been realized is the target of replanting smallholder palm oil plantations. There are two replanting systems namely conventional and underplanting system. Some farmers do underplanting because it prevents farmers from losing their major source of revenue if they do not have oil palm plantations in more than 2ha. Smallholder oil palm producers in Sungai Bahar District with two system. The sampling approach employs simple random sampling with 44 sample conventional and 42 sample underplanting. According to the research findings, conventional system farmers’ income is higher than underplanting farmers with difference comparison 20.7%. Farming income using conventional is IDR 22,323,490/ha/year, while underplanting is IDR 12,519,214/ha/year. The difference is seen at higher production levels in the conventional system. Besides that, the application Good Agriculture Practice in conventional systems also affects the condition of the Fruit Fresh Bunches produced, including the use of appropriate fertilizer. Oil palm farming has reached the account the minimum wage (UMK) level, even above the applicable UMK level, taking into UMK for the district of Muaro Jambi in 2023 of IDR 2,900,000 per month in both two-system replanting.
Determination of local fractal dimension of the catalyst support MgAl2O4 surface
Authors: Zakletskii Z A , Gusein-Zade Namik , Sorokin A A
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a procedure for estimating local fractal dimensionality values for greyscale images was developed. This procedure was tested on synthesised fractal and multifractal Brownian surfaces. The use of the method of detrended fluctuation analysis to determine the Hurst index for samples with a size not exceeding 2000 points was analysed. The optimal values of the sample size and the scale parameter have been obtained, allowing the Hurst index to be calculated with an error of less than 20%. The procedure was also tested on greyscale images, which are 8-bit representations of a synthesised fractal surface. The peculiarities of the application of the procedure for calculating the local fractal dimension for images obtained by scanning electron microscopy have been analysed. The values of the local fractal dimension of the oxide support MgAl2O4 are calculated using SEM images at different magnifications. It has been shown that, taking into account the fractal dimensionality calculation, different morphologies of the particle surface are observed at different scales of image magnification. At the highest magnification, the particle surface is found to consist of embedded smooth micron particles. The surface morphology of the MgAl2O4 particle depends on the micro- and mesopores between the embedded particles, this surface can be characterised by a fractal surface with FD2 = 2.3–2.4.
Training models using forces computed by stochastic electronic structure methods
Authors: Ceperley David M , Jensen Scott , Yang Yubo , Niu Hongwei , Pierleoni Carlo , Holzmann Markus
Published: February 2024

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) can play a very important role in generating accurate data needed for constructing potential energy surfaces. We argue that QMC has advantages in terms of a smaller systematic bias and an ability to cover phase space more completely. The stochastic noise can ease the training of the machine learning model. We discuss how stochastic errors affect the generation of effective models by analyzing the errors within a linear least squares procedure, finding that there is an advantage to having many relatively imprecise data points for constructing models. We then analyze the effect of noise on a model of many-body silicon finding that noise in some situations improves the resulting model. We then study the effect of QMC noise on two machine learning models of dense hydrogen used in a recent study of its phase diagram. The noise enables us to estimate the errors in the model. We conclude with a discussion of future research problems.
Influence of layering sequence on performance of jute/wool epoxy hybrid composites: a comparative study with automotive plastic
Authors: B H Shivayogi , T S Manjunatha , Shivakumar Gouda P S , B H Maruthi Prashanth , M Prashanth Pai
Published: February 2024

Natural fibres such as Jute and Wool are increasingly being used in fibre reinforced polymer composites, hence progressively supplanting synthetic fibres. Combining these two unique natural fibers would improve the performance of composites used in secondary structural applications. This study is intended to investigate the effects of Jute and Wool fiber arrangement on mechanical properties in an epoxy matrix. In order to achieve this, hand layup was employed to fabricate composite laminates consisting of four layered fabric layers stacked in sequences, as Jute/Wool/Wool/Jute (JW1), Wool/Jute/Jute/Wool (JW2), Jute/Wool/Jute/Wool (JW3), and Jute/Jute/Wool/Wool (JW4). Effect of these stacking sequences on the properties of Natural Fibre Hybrid Composites (NFHCs) was evaluated by conducting a series of standardized tests such as Flexural, Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS), Impact and Single End Notch Bend (SENB) tests, as per ASTM standards. On the other hand an automobile interior thermoplastic material was evaluated for different mechanical properties and compared with hybrid Jute-Wool composite. Experimental results showed that the JW1 composite, exhibited superior mechanical properties because it has tailored with a Wool fabric at the core and Jute fabric on its outer surface. Hence, JW1 had a remarkable tensile strength of 40 MPa, a maximum flexural strength of 99 MPa and extremely high interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 3.09 MPa. In addition to this, JW1 also had high fracture toughness, measuring around 72 M P a m 1 /2, and impressive impact strength of 85 J/m2. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo images confirmed that the presence of strong bonding between the fibres and matrix in JW1 composite exhibited and overall improvement of mechanical performance by 82% when compared with other combinations (JW2, JW3, and JW4) including automotive plastics.
Nonuniformly twisted states and traveling chimeras in a system of nonlocally coupled identical phase oscillators
Authors: Smirnov L A , Bolotov M I , Pikovsky A
Published: February 2024

We explore the model of a population of nonlocally coupled identical phase oscillators on a ring (Abrams and Strogatz 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett.
93 174102) and describe traveling patterns. In the continuous in space formulation, we find families of traveling wave solutions for left-right symmetric and asymmetric couplings. Only the simplest of these waves are stable, which is confirmed by numerical simulations for a finite population. We demonstrate that for asymmetric coupling, a weakly turbulent traveling chimera regime is established, both from an initial standing chimera or an unstable traveling wave profile. The weakly turbulent chimera is a macroscopically chaotic state, with a well-defined synchronous domain and partial coherence in the disordered domain. We characterize it through the correlation function and the Lyapunov spectrum.