bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource use and outcomes in patients with dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease admitted to intensive care
Authors: Secombe Paul , Chiang Pei‐Ying , Pawar Basant ,   on behalf of the Alice Springs Hospital Renal‐ICU Research Group
Published: January 2019

Background

Central Australia (CA) has a high prevalence of haemodialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD5D). CKD5D is associated with an increased need for critical care services.

Aims

To describe the demographic features, critical care resource use and outcomes of patients with CKD5D requiring intensive care admission in CA.

Methods

Retrospective matched cohort database study. Patients with CKD5D who required admission for critical illness between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2016 were identified using the Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Outcome Measurement and Evaluation Tool (CORE COMET) and matched with patients without CKD5D. The primary outcome was all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes explored use of critical care and other ongoing healthcare use.

Results

There were 621 critical care admissions during the study period. Of these, CKD5D patients comprised 88 admissions (14%), representing 63 patients. Compared to matched controls, these patients had a similar mortality at a median follow up of 463 days (17% vs 22%, P = 0.50) which did not change when patients with an intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LoS) less than 4 days were excluded. CKD5D patients had a shorter median ICU LoS (1.3 vs 2.9). Although those with CKD5D had higher healthcare resource use, the rate of utilisation remained unchanged by their ICU admission.

Conclusions

This retrospective observational matched cohort study examining the burden of disease amongst CKD5D patients in CA suggests that there is no additional mortality burden in this group, nor do they require significantly higher critical care resources compared to a matched cohort.
Preferential prescribing of linagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients in an expanded post‐marketing surveillance study in Japan
Authors: Fazeli Farsani Soulmaz , Taniguchi Atsushi , Ikeda Rie , Brodovicz Kimberly G , Bartels Dorothee B
Published: January 2019

Aims/Introduction

To evaluate linagliptin prescribing in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different comorbidities, an expanded Japanese post‐marketing surveillance also collected baseline data for patients initiating other glucose‐lowering drugs.

Materials and Methods

Patients initiating linagliptin monotherapy were enrolled, then the next patient starting monotherapy with another glucose‐lowering drug was enrolled (2012–2014). Baseline data were collected and analyzed by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities system organ class. Analyses were descriptive, and meaningful differences defined as absolute standardized difference >10%.

Results

Over 4,200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. Most system‐organ class comorbidities were more common in patients initiating linagliptin versus other glucose‐lowering drugs, with meaningful differences observed for metabolism/nutritional (50.5 vs 45.5%, respectively), cardiac (12.2 vs 8.6%, respectively), vascular (56.4 vs 51.3%, respectively) and renal/urinary disorders (9.9 vs 5.7%, respectively).

Conclusions

Expanding the linagliptin Japanese post‐marketing surveillance revealed linagliptin prescribing to a type 2 diabetes mellitus population with more comorbidities versus other glucose‐lowering drugs. Although such preferential prescribing might be expected, as linagliptin requires no dose adjustment or monitoring in renally or hepatically impaired patients, this innovative post‐marketing surveillance approach generated important evidence that could only be shown in such a non‐randomized comparative study. These data generated insights important for the design and interpretation of observational studies and spontaneous reports, which are key for public health.
Do stroke patients screened as lower‐nutritional‐risk still receive dietitian assessment if indicated? A retrospective evaluation of two dietetic models of care for adult stroke patients
Authors: Porter C. , Coleman E. , Ross L. , Palmer M.
Published: January 2019

Background

Dietetic models of care at Logan Hospital changed from all patients with a confirmed stroke receiving dietitian assessment (Old pathway) to only those patients screened as high‐nutritional‐risk (Modified pathway). However, it was unknown whether all low‐nutritional‐risk patients who were indicated for dietitian assessment for nutrition support actually received assessment. This pre–post retrospective study evaluated whether the Old pathway and the Modified pathway were equally effective in identifying low‐nutritional‐risk stroke patients who were indicated for dietitian assessment and compared the time spent providing Dietetic care.

Methods

For both pathways, medical charts were reviewed for low‐nutritional‐risk patients admitted between December 2012 and November 2017 with a confirmed stroke, who were given a standard food and fluid diet code and scored MST < 2 (Malnutrition Screening Tool) on admission. Data collected included demographics, anthropometrics, malnutrition assessment, dietetic intervention and time spent caring for patients. Malnutrition‐related clinical indicators were used to classify patients as either Dietitian Assessment for Nutrition Support Indicated or Not Indicated.

Results

Low‐nutritional‐risk patients were similar on the Old (n = 180) and Modified (n = 206) pathways [mean (SD) 66 (13) years, 63% male, 4% malnutrition]. Those classified as Dietitian Assessment for Nutrition Support Indicated (n = 61 of 180) were older, had a longer length of stay (P < 0.05), and were all identified by the Dietitian on both pathways. Ten minutes less dietetic time per patient was required on the Modified pathway (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The Modified Nutrition Stroke pathway performed more efficiently than the Old pathway and was equally effective at ensuring that stroke patients who were determined as being low‐nutritional‐risk received dietitian assessment during admission if indicated.
Symptom experiences and health‐related quality of life among non‐small cell lung cancer patients participating in clinical trials
Authors: Lee Kyunghwa , Oh Eui Geum , Kim Sanghee , Kim Sang‐We
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of symptom experiences and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients participating in clinical trials, and to identify the factors influencing their HRQOL.

Background

It has known that lung cancer patients experience more symptoms than other cancer patients. With the introduction of new treatment for NSCLC patients, the patients have experienced different types of symptoms and it could influence their HRQOL.

Design

A cross‐sectional study design was adopted.

Methods

One hundred and eighteen NSCLC patients enrolled in clinical trials at two Korean tertiary hospitals participated in this study. Participants completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and the Short‐Form Health Survey 36 (SF‐36) version 2. Demographic, disease‐related and clinical trial‐related characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics, t test, Mann–Whitney test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used for data analysis. STROBE checklist was applied as the reporting guideline for this study (see Supporting Information File S1).

Results

The total MSAS score was relatively low, and “lack of energy” was the highest symptom level in frequency, severity and distress. The level of physical HRQOL was higher than the cut‐off score, and the level of mental HRQOL was lower than the cut‐off score. The factors affecting physical HRQOL were symptom experience, performance status and smoking history. The factors affecting mental HRQOL were symptom experiences and family income.

Conclusions

Symptom experience was a main affecting factor of physical and mental HRQOL. Interventions for relieving symptom experiences should be developed, and performance status, smoking history and financial burden of lung cancer patients should be considered in clinical settings.

Relevance to clinical practice

HRQOL may be improved by reducing the level of symptom experience. Healthcare professionals should assess patients’ symptom experience and develop patient‐centred symptom management programmes.
The Characteristics of Effective Staff Teams in Disability Services
Authors: Gomes Martin F. , McVilly Keith R.
Published: January 2019

People with autism and other developmental disabilities are often supported by staff teams in accommodation, day support, and employment services. Although the literature outlines a number of individual staff characteristics that can influence the “quality of support,” there is a paucity of research investigating the characteristics of teams as a whole. Given the emphasis placed on “team work” in human services, this study investigated what constitutes the characteristics of an effective team in disability services. An online Delphi study was employed, whereby disability support staff and their managers answered a series of surveys to build a consensus as to “what constitutes an effective team.” The emerging consensus was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, and the intraclass correlation coefficient. A consensus emerged concerning three core elements which combined constituted an effective staff team. In order of importance, these were a shared focus on client outcomes, effective leadership, and good communication among the team. However, a range of additional factors were also identified. These represented additional considerations that were, in the opinion of the participants, also important to building and maintaining an effective team. Focusing on client outcomes, fostering effective leadership, and ensuring good communication are necessary, but insufficient to establish an effective staff team. The implications are discussed in the context of policy development concerning staff recruitment, team development, supervision, and service evaluation.
Evidence for multiple 4.0–3.7 Ga impact events within the Apollo 16 collection
Authors: Niihara Takafumi , Beard Sky P. , Swindle Timothy D. , Schaffer Lillian A. , Miyamoto Hideaki , Kring David A.
Published: January 2019

In a histogram of lunar impact ages from the Apollo 16 site, there is a spike circa 3.9 Ga that has been interpreted to represent either a large number of nearly synchronous events or an abundance of samples that were affected slightly differently by the event that produced the Imbrium basin. To further scrutinize those age relationships, we extracted six centimeter‐sized clasts of impact melt from ancient regolith breccia 60016 and performed petrological and geochronological (40Ar‐39Ar) analyses. Three clasts have similar poikilitic textures, while others have porphyritic, aphanitic, or intergranular textures. Compositions and abundances of relict minerals are different in all six clasts and variously imply Mg‐suite and ferroan anorthosite target sequences. Estimated bulk compositions of four clasts are similar to previously defined group 1 Apollo 16 impact melt rocks, while the other two have higher Al2O3and lower FeO+MgO compositions. All six clasts have similar K2O and P2O5concentrations, which could have been derived from aKREEP‐bearing component among target sequences. Eighteen40Ar/39Ar analyses of the six clasts produced an age range from 3823 ± 75 to 4000 ± 23 Ma, consistent with estimates for the proposed late heavy bombardment. Four clasts have multiple temperature steps that define plateau ages. These ages are distinct, so they cannot be explained by a single impact event, such as the one that produced the Imbrium impact basin. The conclusion that these represent distinct ages remains after considering the possibility of artifacts in defining plateaus.
Transphobia rather than education predicts provider knowledge of transgender health care
Authors: Stroumsa Daphna , Shires Deirdre A , Richardson Caroline R , Jaffee Kim D , Woodford Michael R
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients face significant hurdles in accessing affirming, knowledgeable care. Lack of provider knowledge presents a substantial barrier to both primary and transition‐related care and may deter patients from seeking health care. Little is known about factors that affect provider knowledge or whether exposure to TGD health content during training is associated with improved knowledge among providers. Using the TGD Healthcare Knowledge Scale, this study aimed to determine whether prior education on TGD health predicts clinicians’ current knowledge regarding health care for TGD patients.

Methods

An online survey examining exposure to TGD content and knowledge of TGD health care was distributed to all primary care providers in an integrated health care system in the Midwestern United States. Multivariable linear regression was used to predict provider knowledge, controlling for demographics, transphobia and other potential confounders.

Results

The response rate was 57.3% (n = 223). The mean knowledge score was 7.41 (SD = 1.31) on a 10‐point scale. Almost half (48.4%, n = 108) had no formal education on TGD health care, yet half (49.7%, n = 111) of providers reported previously caring for at least one transgender patient. In regression analysis, provider knowledge of TGD health care was associated with transphobia (β = −0.377, 95% CI = −0.559 to −0.194, p < 0.001), but not with hours of formal education (β = −0.027, 95% CI = −0.077 to 0.023, p = 0.292) or informal education (β = −0.012, 95% CI = −0.033 to 0.009, p = 0.259).

Conclusions

Increasing hours of education related to TGD health care may not be sufficient to improve providers’ competence in care for TGD individuals. Transphobia may be a barrier to learning that needs to be addressed. Broader efforts to address transphobia in society in general, and in medical education in particular, may be required to improve the quality of medical care for TGD patients.
Is meta‐synthesis turning rich descriptions into thin reductions? A criticism of meta‐aggregation as a form of qualitative synthesis
Authors: Bergdahl Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

Meta‐synthesis of qualitative research can be an important way to consolidate and grow nursing knowledge and theory. However, from recent readings of such works in the nursing literature, one can observe that there is increasing use of meta‐synthesis being used as a way to simply aggregate qualitative research findings in a manner claimed to be similar to quantitative meta‐research while also remaining compatible with the qualitative research tradition. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether this meta‐aggregation form of research has a sound epistemological foundation and should be considered a viable form of meta‐synthesis. The conclusion drawn is that meta‐aggregation falls short of being a sound method and is not compatible with the qualitative research philosophy. It is also concluded that meta‐aggregation should not be seen as a form of qualitative meta‐synthesis. Meta‐synthesis is best understood as a way to re‐interpret, compare and translate disparate qualitative studies using different conceptual apparatus into a consolidated knowledge of fundamental importance to nursing care practitioners. To conclude, aggregating qualitative research tends to turn rich descriptions into thin abstractions that are of little use to nursing practice knowledge and does not advance nursing science.
Overexpression of ephrinB2 in stem cells from apical papilla accelerates angiogenesis
Authors: Yuan Changyong , Wang Penglai , Zhu Shaoyue , Liu Zongxiang , Wang Wen , Geng Tengyu , Dissanayaka Waruna Lakmal , Jin Lijian , Zhang Chengfei
Published: January 2019

Objectives

We aimed to accelerate angiogenesis in pulp regeneration by modulating ephrinB2 expression in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs).

Materials and Methods

Stem cells from apical papilla were transducted with ephrinB2‐lentiviral expression vector (ephrinB2‐SCAPs) in experimental group and green fluorescent protein (GFP‐SCAPs) in control group. The transduction efficiency was confirmed by real‐time PCR and Western blot assays. MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferative capacity of SCAPs after transduction. In vitro Matrigel assay and in vivo Matrigel plug assay were carried out to evaluate the angiogenic capacity.

Results

Results showed that ephrinB2‐SCAPs had significantly higher ephrinB2 expression than GFP‐SCAPs. EphrinB2‐SCAPs upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion under hypoxia. In vitro Matrigel assay demonstrated that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cocultured with ephrinB2‐SCAPs under hypoxia formed vascular‐like structures earlier than GFP‐SCAPs. Animal experiments confirmed that SCAPs co‐transplanted with HUVECs enabled to generate greater amount of blood vessels than SCAPs alone. EphrinB2‐SCAPs produced increased number of blood vessels with references to GFP‐SCAPs, and those co‐transplanted with HUVECs generated vessels with larger and functional tubule volumes.

Conclusions

Regulating ephrinB2 expression in SCAPs may act as a new avenue for enhancing angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration.
Collective Action Problem Characteristics and Partner Uncertainty as Drivers of Social Tie Formation in Collaborative Networks
Authors: Nohrstedt Daniel , Bodin Örjan
Published: January 2019

The effectiveness of collaboration is often explained by the alignment of social networks with collective‐action problem characteristics, yet previous research on social tie formation has focused almost exclusively on actor and relational attributes. We theorize that collective‐action problem characteristics together with actor and relational attributes explain social tie formation and that the relative effect of these factors varies with uncertainty about collaboration partners. The study tests seven hypotheses associated with these factors by estimating multilevel network models of collaboration and task engagement among managers responding to a major wildfire in Sweden. The combination of actors and tasks in a single model captured key characteristics of the collective action problem (task engagements and task interdependencies), and disentangled the relative effects of these factors from actor and relational attributes. Results suggest that social tie formation can be explained both by actors’ task engagements, and actor attributes associated with leadership, professionalization, and experience. Further, the effect of task engagements decreases in organizational relationships where collaborative uncertainty is high. Since the alignment of social ties with problem characteristics is supposedly positively associated with collaborative effectiveness, this finding suggests that risk‐aversion is a more deep‐rooted driver of tie formation than the pursuit of collective performance.
Ethnographic insights into competing forms of co‐production: A case study of the politics of street trees in a northern English city
Authors: Flinders Matthew , Wood Matthew
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article is to explore the link between different notions of co‐production. It seeks to emphasise the underlying politics of co‐production in the sense of who defines co‐production, especially in relation to initial decisions concerning which specific policy areas are deemed suitable for codesigning, cocreating, or codelivering with services users or local communities. We argue that the rejection of co‐production by government may inflame political resentment and reconfirm negative pre‐existing attitudes about “the establishment.” This is particularly problematic when politicians have promoted the rhetoric of “inclusive governance,” “sharing power,” or “delegating power” but then reject the co‐productive claims emerging from such statements. The study contributes to existing work by analysing what happens when co‐productive structures are terminated or when public protests demand the reinstitutionalisation of those relationships. We make this contribution by presenting findings from an ethnographic case study involving street trees in a large English city. We suggest these specific findings have a broader relevance.
The Fine Structure of the Comparative
Authors: Caha Pavel , De Clercq Karen , Vanden Wyngaerd Guido
Published: January 2019

The paper provides evidence for a more articulated structure of the comparative as compared with the one in Bobaljik (2012). We propose to split up Bobaljik's cmpr head into two distinct heads, C1 and C2. Looking at Czech, Old Church Slavonic and English, we show that this proposal explains a range of facts about suppletion and allomorphy. A crucial ingredient of our analysis is the claim that adjectival roots are not a‐categorial, but spell out adjectival functional structure. Specifically, we argue that adjectival roots come in various types, differing in the amount of functional structure they spell out. In order to correctly model the competition between roots, we further introduce a Faithfulness Restriction on Cyclic Override, which allows us to dispense with the Elsewhere Principle.
Evaluation of a multi‐agent chemotherapy protocol combining dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin D, and cytarabine for the treatment of resistant canine non‐Hodgkin high‐grade lymphomas: a single centre's experience
Authors: Smallwood Katherine , Tanis Jean‐Benoit , Grant Iain A. , Blackwood Laura , Killick David R. , Amores‐Fuster Isabel , Elliott James , Mas Aran , Harper Aaron , Marrington Mary , Finotello Riccardo
Published: January 2019

The DMAC protocol (dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin‐D, cytarabine) has been evaluated in American studies for the treatment of relapsed canine lymphoma, comparing similarly to other rescue protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of DMAC, in a larger UK cohort of resistant canine lymphomas. Medical records of dogs with resistant non‐Hodgkin high‐grade lymphomas that received DMAC as a rescue protocol were reviewed from 2007 to 2017. Response, time from initiation to discontinuation (TTD) and toxicity (Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group criteria) were assessed. One hundred dogs were included; 86 received CEOP (modified CHOP including epirubicin) as first‐line treatment. Thirty‐five dogs (35%) responded: 21 complete responders (CRs) and 14 partial responders (PRs). Responders had significantly longer TTD (P< 0.001) compared with non‐responders: 62 days (range 28‐952) for CR vs 32 days (range 20‐70) for PR. Six CR received more than six cycles of DMAC (range 7‐36 cycles) and experienced a longer TTD (median 508, range 126‐952 days). Thrombocytopenia occurred in 45% (24 grade 1‐2, 21 grade 3‐4) and neutropenia in 36% of cases (29 grade 1‐2, 7 grade 3‐4). Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 42% of dogs (40 grade 1‐2, 2 grade 3‐4). Owing to chemotherapy toxicity, treatment was discontinued in five, and hospitalization required in six cases. In this study, response to DMAC was lower and of generally shorter duration than previously reported. Toxicity was high, but infrequently led to hospitalization or discontinuation of treatment.
Surgical treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Taccardo Giuseppe , De Vitis Rocco , Parrone Giuseppe , Milano Giuseppe , Fanfani Francesco
Published: January 2019

Trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis is a common cause of radial-sided wrist pain that prevalently affects women. It is diagnosed on the basis of a thorough history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. While radiographs are used to determine the stage of disease, treatment is dependent on the severity of the symptoms. Non-surgical treatment frequently consists of activity modification, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, splinting and corticosteroid injections. After failure of conservative treatment, various surgical options exist depending on the stage of the disease. These options range from ligament reconstruction or osteotomy, for early painful laxity, to trapeziectomy, arthrodesis and arthroplasty for more severe osteoarthritis. This article reviews the literature supporting the various surgical treatment options and analyzes the surgical techniques most frequently used in the different disease stages.
An Archaeometallurgical Explanation for the Disappearance of Egyptian and Near Eastern Cobalt-Blue Glass at the end of the Late Bronze Age
Authors: Wood Jonathan , Hsu Yi-Ting
Published: January 2019

A recent compositional study of Egyptian cobalt-blue glass from museum collections in Japan (18th Dynasty) and from the site of Dahshur (18th and 19th-20th Dynasties) concluded that a new source of cobalt was exploited for the later Dahshur glass, thereby suggesting that glass production continued into the Ramesside period (Abe et al. 2012). It is shown in the current article that some of this 18th Dynasty glass and the majority of the 19th-20th Dynasty glass had been recycled, not only supporting the general consensus that glass production virtually disappeared by 1250 BC, but that the cobalt source did not necessarily change. It is further proposed, however, that the generally accepted cobalt source for Egyptian glass was not the alum deposits of Egypt's Western Desert, but derived from cobaltiferous siliceous ores, possibly from central Iran. Re-analysis of the compositions of cobalt-blue glass frit found at Amarna, as well as Egyptian and Mesopotamian glass, suggests that the cobalt colourant was a by-product of silver extraction from these ores and can therefore be considered as a concentrated cobalt glass slag, which travelled in the form of a frit to glass producers who added it to locally derived base glasses and/or their precursors. Experiments conducted on ore containing cobalt-nickel arsenides with native silver demonstrate that not only can silver be extracted and that concentrated cobalt glass can be produced simply by adding a flux, but that some components of the ore partition preferentially into the silver or the glass slag, thereby weakening their associations with the other components in archaeological glass. Treating the cobalt-blue colourant as a slag composed of the gangue of a smelting system provides an explanation for the unique elevated levels of alumina and lower levels of potash found in cobalt-blue glasses, as well as providing an explanation for the cessation of cobalt exploitation at the end of the Late Bronze Age. It is suggested that the exhaustion of native silver and siliceous silver ore deposits during the Bronze Age, with argentiferous lead ores becoming the main source of silver, depleted the amount of cobalt available, thereby reducing the amount of glass produced which, in turn, led to increases in recycling during the New Kingdom period.
Simple planar field-electron emitter using highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes in a triode structure with in-plane under-gate electrode
Authors: Kumon Shoichi , Shimoi Norihiro
Published: January 2019

The authors investigated the field-electron emission characteristics of a planar field-emission (FE) electron source with a planar conductive layer as a gate electrode embedded under a cathode composed of highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes (hc-SWCNTs) as an emitter. They designed a flat-panel electron emission device that could control electron emission switching arbitrarily, and the device stably emitted electrons on the flat panel. After they assembled the FE electronic device using a wet chemical process, they attained low power consumption and high luminance efficiency. These results show that the application of hc-SWCNTs effectively conserves energy in FE electron sources. The fabrication of FE electron sources and other devices with ultralow power consumption, along with applications that utilize such devices, is expected in the future.
Neural binaural sensitivity at high sound speeds: Single cell responses in cat midbrain to fast-changing interaural time differences of broadband sounds
Authors: Joris Philip X.
Published: January 2019

Relative motion between the body and the outside world is a rich source of information. Neural selectivity to motion is well-established in several sensory systems, but is controversial in hearing. This study examines neural sensitivity to changes in the instantaneous interaural time difference of sounds at the two ears. Midbrain neurons track such changes up to extremely high speeds, show only a coarse dependence of firing rate on speed, and lack directional selectivity. These results argue against the presence of selectivity to auditory motion at the level of the midbrain, but reveal an acuity which enables coding of fast-fluctuating binaural cues in realistic sound environments.
Outcomes of Mentoring Relationships Among Sport Management Faculty: Application of a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Baker Amy , Hums Mary A. , Mamo Yoseph , Andrew Damon P.S.
Published: January 2019

The importance of mentoring in the development of individual careers is noted in the business and higher education literature. However, prior research has given little attention to the development of mentoring relationships between junior and senior sport management faculty members. In addition to providing context-specific information, mentorship studies of sport management faculty provide insight on an emerging and gender-imbalanced discipline in the academy. This study reviews the literature on mentorship, and presents a hybrid framework on the mentor–protégé relationships established in the academic field of sport management. Specifically, the study identifies aspects of the relationships likely to yield positive perceptual outcomes, such as relationship effectiveness, trust, and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 161 sport management faculty members in the United States and Canada. The results provide support for the new hybrid framework and highlight mentoring as a valuable mechanism to support sport management faculty.
Various Evolutionary Trajectories Lead to Loss of the Tobramycin-Potentiating Activity of the Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor Baicalin Hydrate in
Burkholderia cenocepacia
Biofilms
Authors: Sass Andrea , Slachmuylders Lisa , Van Acker Heleen , Vandenbussche Ian , Ostyn Lisa , Bové Mona , Crabbé Aurélie , Chiarelli Laurent R. , Buroni Silvia , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Abatih Emmanuel , Coenye Tom
Published: January 2019

Combining antibiotics with potentiators that increase their activity is a promising strategy to tackle infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As potentiators do not interfere with essential processes, it has been hypothesized that they are less likely to induce resistance.
Dose Selection and Validation for Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Adults with Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections, Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, and Nosocomial Pneumonia
Authors: Das Shampa , Li Jianguo , Riccobene Todd , Carrothers Timothy J. , Newell Paul , Melnick David , Critchley Ian A. , Stone Gregory G. , Nichols Wright W.
Published: January 2019

Avibactam is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that has been approved in combination with ceftazidime for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infections, and nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. In Europe, ceftazidime-avibactam is also approved for the treatment of Gram-negative infections with limited treatment options.
APX001 Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Determination against
Aspergillus fumigatus
in an
In Vivo
Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Zhao Miao , Lepak Alexander J. , Marchillo Karen , Vanhecker Jamie , Sanchez Hiram , Ambrose Paul G. , Andes David R.
Published: January 2019

APX001, the prodrug of APX001A, is a first-in-class antifungal agent that has a potent activity against
Aspergillus fumigatus
. The goal of current study was to determine the pharmacodynamic (PD) index and target of APX001 in an immunocompromised murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis against 6 
A. fumigatus
isolates.
Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti HslUV and ClpXP Protease Systems in Free-Living and Symbiotic States
Authors: Ogden Aaron J. , McAleer Jacqueline M. , Kahn Michael L.
Published: January 2019

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is the primary means by which biologically available nitrogen enters the biosphere, and it is therefore a critical component of the global nitrogen cycle and modern agriculture. SNF is the result of highly coordinated interactions between legume plants and soil bacteria collectively referred to as rhizobia, e.g.,
Medicago sativa
and
S. meliloti
, respectively. Accomplishing SNF requires significant proteome changes in both organisms to create a microaerobic environment suitable for high-level bacterial nitrogenase activity. The bacterial protease systems HslUV and ClpXP are important in proteome quality control, in metabolic remodeling, and in adapting to stress. This work shows that
S. meliloti
HslUV and ClpXP are involved in SNF, in exopolysaccharide production, and in free-living stress adaptation.
Characterization ofl-Carnitine Metabolism in Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Bazire Pascal , Perchat Nadia , Darii Ekaterina , Lechaplais Christophe , Salanoubat Marcel , Perret Alain
Published: January 2019

The experimental characterization of novel metabolic pathways is essential for realizing the value of genome sequences and improving our knowledge of the enzymatic capabilities of the bacterial world. However, 30% to 40% of genes of a typical genome remain unannotated or associated with a putative function. We used enzyme kinetics, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS)-based metabolomics, and mutant phenotyping for the characterization of the metabolism ofl-carnitine inSinorhizobium melilotito provide an accurate annotation of the corresponding genes. The occurrence of conserved gene clusters for carnitine metabolism in soil, plant-associated, and marine bacteria underlines the environmental abundance of carnitine and suggests this molecule might make a significant contribution to ecosystem nitrogen and carbon cycling.
Draft Genome Sequence of Hyperthermophilic, Halotolerant Parageobacillus toebii PW12, Isolated from the Tattapani Hot Spring, Northwest Himalayas
Authors: Sharma Parul , Gupta Sonika , Sourirajan Anuradha , Baumler David J. , Dev Kamal
Published: January 2019

Here, we report the genome sequence of hyperthermophilic and halophilic
Parageobacillus toebii
PW12, isolated from the Tattapani hot spring in the northwest Himalayas. The genome size of
Parageobacillus toebii
PW12 is 3,210,377 bp.
Genome Sequence of Morganella morganii DG56-16, Isolated from Shinisaurus crocodilurus
Authors: Jiang Hai-Ying , Lin Li-Bo , Huang Ming-Wei , Zang Ying-An , Chen Jin-Ping
Published: January 2019

The complete genome sequence of
Morganella morganii
DG56-16 was sequenced. This strain was isolated from the liver of a dead crocodile lizard (
Shinisaurus crocodilurus
).
Genomic Sequence of a
Megrivirus
Strain Identified in Laying Hens in Brazil
Authors: Gerber Priscilla F. , Shen Huigang , Zheng Ying , Li Ganwu , Lobato Zélia I. P. , Opriessnig Tanja
Published: January 2019

A new strain of chicken megrivirus was identified in fecal samples of layer chickens in a commercial flock in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is most closely related to the family
Picornaviridae
, genus
Megrivirus
, species
Melegrivirus A
, and has an overall nucleotide identity of up to 85.1% with other megrivirus strains.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Five Geobacillus stearothermophilus Strains Isolated from Processing Lines of Powdered Infant Formula
Authors: Cho Tae Jin , Yang Dongmin , Park Byeonghyeok , Choi In-Geol , Rhee Min Suk
Published: January 2019

Geobacillus stearothermophilus
is the thermophile present in processing lines of powdered infant formula (PIF). We report the whole-genome sequences of
G. stearothermophilus
strains isolated from work-in-process products (sterilized and concentrated milk) of manufacturing plants. Understanding the genomic basis governing the metabolism of
G. stearothermophilus
can contribute to the safety management of PIF during its manufacture.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Aspergillus awamori
IFM 58123
NT
Authors: Shimizu Masaaki , Kusuya Yoko , Alimu Yikelamu , Bian Cai , Takahashi Hiroki , Yaguchi Takashi
Published: January 2019

Species of the
Aspergillus
section
Nigri
are taxonomically very complex. The taxonomic assignment of
Aspergillus awamori
is unclear.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Humibacter aquilariae
BT305, Isolated from the Small Intestine of Castrated Beef Cattle
Authors: Whon Tae Woong , Bae Jin-Woo
Published: January 2019

Members of the genus
Humibacter
, from the family
Microbacteriaceae
, have been isolated from sewage sludge compost, agarwood chips, and various soil samples. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Humibacter aquilariae
BT305, the first genome sequence identified within the genus
Humibacter
, which was isolated from the small intestine of castrated beef cattle.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Most Traditional ε-Poly-
l
-Lysine Producer, Streptomyces albulus NBRC14147
Authors: Yamanaka Kazuya , Hamano Yoshimitsu
Published: January 2019

The genus
Streptomyces
is known for its secondary metabolite biosynthetic capacities. We report here the draft genome sequence of the most extensively studied ε-poly-
l
-lysine producer,
Streptomyces albulus
NBRC14147.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Mycolicibacterium hassiacum
DSM 44199
Authors: Sánchez Mercedes , Blesa Alba , Sacristán-Horcajada Eva , Berenguer José
Published: January 2019

Mycolicibacterium hassiacum
is the most thermophilic of all the mycobacteria. A partial sequence based on Illumina technology of around 5 Mbp was published in 2012.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus sciuri Strain LCHXa, a Lithium-Tolerant Bacterium Isolated from Laguna Chaxa, Salar de Atacama, Chile
Authors: Vilo Claudia , Salazar-Ardiles Camila , Caimanque Tamara N. , Dong Qunfeng , Flores Nataly , Galetović Alexandra , Araya Jorge E. , Gómez-Silva Benito
Published: January 2019

A Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, novobiocin resistant, and lithium-tolerant bacterium was isolated from Salar de Atacama. Strain LCHXa is closely related to
Staphylococcus sciuri
.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six
Bacillus
Strains and One
Brevibacillus
Strain Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Authors: Li Zhibo , Song Chunxu , de Jong Anne , Kuipers Oscar P.
Published: January 2019

Seven strains of endospore-forming bacteria with antagonistic activity against a series of plant pathogens were sequenced in order to investigate their antimicrobial gene clusters and antimicrobial modes of action. The selected strains include six
Bacillus
strains and one
Brevibacillus
strain.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus licheniformis TAB7, a Compost-Deodorizing Strain with Potential for Plant Growth Promotion
Authors: Mpofu Enock , Vejarano Felipe , Suzuki-Minakuchi Chiho , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Tsuda Masataka , Chakraborty Joydeep , Nakajima Masatoshi , Okada Kazunori , Tada Nobuki , Kimura Toshiaki , Nojiri Hideaki
Published: January 2019

Bacillus licheniformis
strain TAB7 degrades short-chain fatty acids responsible for offensive odor in manure and is used as a deodorant in a compost-deodorizing technology. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain TAB7, which consists of a 4.37-Mb chromosome and two plasmids (42 kb and 31 kb).
Radiation induced valvular disease: the internist’s prospective
Authors: Kumar Sundeep , Patel Hiren , Paulson Joyce , Gros Bernard
Published: January 2019

Radiation-induced cardiac injury entails a wide spectrum of cardiovascular complications such as cardiomyopathy and valvular diseases among others. We present the internist’s perspective and the challenges faced in managing these patients. There are guidelines addressing radiation-induced valvular disease (RIVD) including screening and treatment, but are often unrecognised by most internist’s practice. A thorough cardiovascular examination and screening echocardiography may detect RIVD at an earlier stage. Early screening with transthoracic echocardiogram should be considered in asymptomatic or low-risk patients and more frequently in symptomatic and high-risk patients. The internists should educate their patients with prior chest irradiation, regarding the possible radiation related adverse cardiovascular effects and recommended screening. Lifestyle changes and aggressive cardiovascular risk modification should be emphasised, as concomitant hypertension, coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy can have unfavourable effects in these patients.
Spinal cord stimulator education during pain fellowship: unmet training needs and factors that impact future practice
Authors: Pak Daniel J , Gruber Jesse , Deer Timothy , Provenzano David , Gulati Amitabh , Xu Yifan , Tangel Virginia , Mehta Neel
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

With a growing need for non-opioid chronic pain treatments, pain physicians should understand the proper utilization of neuromodulation therapies to provide the most comprehensive care. We aimed to identify the unmet training needs that deter physicians from using spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices.

Methods

Internet-based surveys were fielded to fellows enrolled in pain fellowships during the 2016–2017 academic year accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and past pain fellows identified through pain medicine societies and SCS manufacturers.

Results

Current fellows were more likely to have received SCS training during fellowship compared with past fellows (100.0% vs 84.0%), yet there was variability in fellows’ SCS experiences with a wide range of trials and implants performed. Forty-six percent of current fellows felt there was an unmet training need regarding SCS. Deficiency in SCS case volume was the most common barrier that was noted (38.5%), followed by lack of SCS curriculum (30.8%) and lack of faculty with SCS expertise (23.1%). Lack of training was a predominant reason for past fellows choosing not to use SCS devices postfellowship. The majority of current and past fellows (79.5% and 55.4%, respectively) strongly supported direct training of fellows by SCS manufacturers.

Conclusions

While SCS training during pain fellowship has become more universal, the experiences that fellows receive are highly variable, and most rely on industry-sponsored programs to supplement training deficiencies. Standardization of SCS procedures may also enable less experienced providers to navigate the SCS treatment algorithm.
Biodiversity assessments in the 21st century: the potential of insect traps to complement environmental samples for estimating eukaryotic and prokaryotic diversity using high-throughput DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Ritter Camila D. , Häggqvist Sibylle , Karlsson Dave , Sääksjärvi Ilari E. , Muasya A. Muthama , Nilsson R. Henrik , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: January 2019

The rapid loss of biodiversity, coupled with difficulties in species identification, call for innovative approaches to assess biodiversity. Insects make up a substantial proportion of extant diversity and play fundamental roles in any given ecosystem. To complement morphological species identification, new techniques such as metabarcoding make it possible to quantify insect diversity and insect–ecosystem interactions through DNA sequencing. Here we examine the potential of bulk insect samples (i.e., containing many non-sorted specimens) to assess prokaryote and eukaryote biodiversity and to complement the taxonomic coverage of soil samples. We sampled 25 sites on three continents and in various ecosystems, collecting insects with SLAM traps (Brazil) and Malaise traps (South Africa and Sweden). We then compared our diversity estimates with the results obtained with biodiversity data from soil samples from the same localities. We found a largely different taxonomic composition between the soil and insect samples, testifying to the potential of bulk insect samples to complement soil samples. Finally, we found that non-destructive DNA extraction protocols, which preserve insect specimens for morphological studies, constitute a promising choice for cost-effective biodiversity assessments. We propose that the sampling and sequencing of insect samples should become a standard complement for biodiversity studies based on environmental DNA.
Behavior of null-geodesics in the interior of Reissner–Nordstrom black hole
Authors: Eskin G.
Published: January 2019

We show that an incoming null-geodesic belonging to a plane passing through the origin and starting outside the outer horizon crosses the outer and the inner horizons. Then it turns at some point inside the inner horizon and approaches the inner horizon when the time tends to infinity. We also construct a geometric optics solution of the Reissner–Nordstrom equation that has support in a neighborhood of the null-geodesic.
How large isotopy is needed to connect homotopic diffeomorphisms (of 𝕋2)
Authors: Burago Dmitri , Lu Jinpeng , Ozuch Tristan
Published: January 2019

Given a diffeomorphism which is homotopic to the identity from the [Formula: see text]-torus to itself, we construct an isotopy whose norm is controlled by that of the diffeomorphism in question.
Enhancement of microvessel in laser speckle image using gaussian kernel template
Authors: Zhang Yameng , Zhao Yuemei , Li Weitao , Qian Zhiyu , Xing Lidong
Published: January 2019

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is an optical imaging method, which can monitor microvascular flow variation directly without addition of any ectogenous dye. All the existing laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) methods are a combination of spatial and temporal statistics. In this study, we have proposed a new method, Gaussian kernel laser speckle contrast analysis (gLASCA), which processes the raw images primarily with the Gaussian kernel operator along the spatial direction of blood flow. We explored the properties of gLASCA in the simulation and animal cerebral ischemia perfusion model. Compared with the other existing speckle processing methods based on spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal or anisotropic linear structure; the present gLASCA method has a high spatial-temporal resolution to respond the change of velocity especially in microvasculature. Besides, the gLASCA method obtains approximately 10.2% and 7.1% higher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) over the anisotropic linear method (aLASCA) in the simulation and experiment models. For these advantages, gLASCA could be a better method for local microvascular laser speckle imaging in terms of cerebral ischemia reperfusion, spreading depression and brain injury diseases.
朝鲜殖民地时期华侨纺织品进口商的商贸网研究
Authors: 李 正熙
Published: January 2019

本文将围绕朝鲜殖民地时期（1910–1945年）华侨纺织品进口商的贸易渠道展开研究。英国平纹坯布及棉纱等被日本产取代后，华侨纺织品进口商在20世纪30年代初依然垄断着英国产漂白坯布的进口市场，并通过各种方式引进日本产平纹坯布及棉纱。如，经大阪的日本纺织品批发商及川口华商行栈引进；或经朝鲜国内的日本纺织品批发商转卖等。这标志着上海从开港时期的单边贸易模式已经结束，从而打开了多元化贸易的新局面。其次也阐明，在1924年奢侈品关税实施前，华侨纺织品进口商一直独霸中国丝织品的进口市场，然而在关税实施后，华商取得了日本产丝绸产地——桐生、福井地区的制造业者及批发商的认可，直接进口日本丝织品，弥补在中国产丝绸不景气之下所可能造成的损失。 中国麻织品方面，因日本麻织品对朝鲜出口较少，加之至20世纪20年代止都没有向麻织品征收高额关税。因此直到1937年间，中国纺织品进口商一直独占上海的进口渠道。这一点与开港期有所不同。换言之，与开港时期相比，中国纺织品进口商不仅拓展了经营规模，并在上海设立分店。此后随着上海·仁川开设直航，中止了以往经由烟台本店的中转方式，从而转变为从上海麻纺织品批发商处直接进口。总的来说，旅居朝鲜的中国纺织品进口商不仅以京城及仁川为据点，铺开了日本大阪等地的进口贸易之路，亦兼有将购入的日本纺织品向中国再出口的销售渠道。
理想与现实
Authors: 贾 俊英
Published: January 2019

近代中国发展国货是一场历时30多年声势浩大的社会运动。南洋华侨以中华商会为核心，在国货运销南洋过程中扮演着重要角色。印尼中华商会自成立起将发展国货作为重要宗旨，创办国货陈列所、展览会、《国货专刊》，与中国各总商会、国货维持会、领事馆联合发展国货。1930年代，印尼各中华商会发展国货运动的规模、范围和系统性都有提升，主体不再局限于中华商会，各类社会团体及华商都参与其中。然而，因日货倾销、印尼政府输入限制条例、内部纷争、与领事馆、实业部的磨合，各地的区域差异，印尼中华商会发展国货运动虽取得了一定成效，却终难达理想成绩。总体来说，印尼中华总商会国货运动增强了华社的认同感和凝聚力，促进了国货厂商与南洋华商的合作，对清末民国的中国工业发展有重要意义。
美国华侨华人研究：历史、现状与前瞻
Authors: 令狐 萍
Published: January 2019

本文纵览华侨的历史源流与国际移民运动的宏观背景，综述华侨华人的定义与其历史演变，梳理国际移民理论及其在美国华侨华人研究中的运用，系统介绍有关新移民的海内外研究现状，分析探讨新华侨华人对美国华侨华人社会的影响极其对北美华侨华人研究的挑战。