bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sodium 5-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-olate quantitative content determination in a standard sample
Authors: Kuvaeva E. V. , Kolesnik D. A. , Levshukova P. O. , Terninko I. I. , Yakovlev I. P. , Fedorova E. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The standard samples (SS) use is a necessary condition for the medicines' quality control implementation. Their development is an urgent problem for the pharmaceutical industry, especially for new biologically active compounds that can be further used as pharmaceuticals.

Aim. This work aim is to establish the 5-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro pyrimidone-4-olate sodium quantitative content, for which anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity was previously proven, in a standard sample.

Materials and methods. This work aim is to establish the 5-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro pyrimidone-4-olate sodium quantitative content, for which anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity was previously proven, in a standard sample. The main method for establishing a substance quantitative content in the SS is the material balance method. The water determination was carried out according to K. Fisher's method (semimicro method). Sulphated ash was determined according to the XIV edition Russian Federation State Pharmacopoeia General Pharmacopoeia Monograph "Sulphated ash". Related impurities and their content were assessed using the HPLC method on a Flexar liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array detector (Perkin Elmer, USA). The residual solvents' determination was carried out by the headspace method using a gas chromatograph GC-2010Plus Shimadzu with a flame ionization detector. As an additional method for establishing the main component quantitative content, acidimetric titration with the equivalence point potentiometric indication was carried out.

Results and discussion. The percentage was determined for the following indicators: water, residual organic solvents, related impurities, sulphated ash. Using the material balance method, it was found that the 5-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-olate sodium percentage in a standard sample is 96.01 ± 0.50 %. It was found by acidimetric titration that the 5-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-6-oxo 1,6-dihydropyrimidin- 4-olate sodium quantitative content in SS is 95.12 ± 0.02 %. The difference in the certified value can be explained by the fact that during titration, the SS aciform is released, which precipitates in an aqueous medium and contributes to a shift in the equilibrium and pH value. Consequently, the equivalence point is reached somewhat earlier. However, the data are practically comparable, but it is necessary to use the value obtained by the material balance method.

Conclusion. A standard sample certification parameters were determined: water content, residual organic solvents, sulphated ash, related impurities. The main component quantitative content was determined using the material balance method and titrimetry (acidimetry with the equivalence point potentiometric indication).
Development of the "Dissolution" Test Method for Tablets of Sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate with Sustained Release
Authors: Flisyuk E. V. , Kotsur Ju. M. , Narkevich I. A. , Smekhova I. E. , Ivkin D. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic diseases of this parenchymal organ among the adult population. The search and creation of supporting drugs is an urgent task of modern pharmacy. The malonic acid derivative, sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido) dibenzoate, synthesized by the employees of the Department of Organic Chemistry of the SPСPU, has antisteatous activity, is a potential agent for the treatment of liver diseases. Sustained release tablets were prepared based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate. An integral part of the pharmaceutical development of a medicinal product is the development of a method for conducting the Dissolution test and the selection of optimal conditions, which became the purpose of this study.

Aim. To develop the "Dissolution" test method for the sustained-release tablets based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate.

Materials and methods. The objects of research are the active pharmaceutical ingredient sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate, as well as sustained-release tablets based on this substance. Equilibrium biopharmaceutical solubility was determined by UV-spectrophotometry. To establish the conditions for the "Dissolution" test, an ERWEKA DT-620 dissolution tester (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany) was used.

Results and discussion. The suitability of the UV-spectrophotometry method for the quantitative determination of sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido) dibenzoate in solutions was determined. The established high biopharmaceutical solubility of sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate in a buffer solution with a pH of 6,8, as well as in a 0,01 M solution of hydrochloric acid with a pH of 2,6, determined the choice of these media for the "Dissolution" test of the dosage form. The apparatus "Rotating basket" (rotation speed of 100 rpm in a dissolution medium with a volume of 1000 ml) was reasonably chosen for the test on the basis of the obtained linear dependence of the rate of release of the substance on time, as well as the best test results by the end of the experiment.

Conclusion. A study of the biopharmaceutical properties of the original substance with antisteatous activity has been carried out. High biopharmaceutical solubility was established in media with pH 2,6 and pH 6,8. The conditions of the "Dissolution" test for sustained-release tablets based on the original sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate were experimentally substantiated.
Modification of a model of non-alcoholic fat liver disease in rats with a сombination of a hypercaloric diet and hypodynamia
Authors: Bunjat A. V. , Spasenkova O. M. , Karev V. E. , Karavaeva A. V. , Ivkin D. Ju. , Kulikov A. N. , Okovityi S. V. , Kirillova N. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is the second most common cause of liver transplantation in the adult population. An urgent task is to find and develop an optimal model of NAFLD in laboratory animals, which would reproduce all the features of this disease in the clinic.

Aim. Modification of the NAFLD model in laboratory animals (rats), which allows the obtained data to be transmitted to humans as fully as possible.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 52 outbred white male rats of the same age. As the basis of the model, a hypercaloric high-fat diet was used with the addition of food appeal enhancers (sodium glutamate and liquid shrimp extract) and for the first-time conditions of hypodynamia were used – restriction of the motor activity of animals using specially designed cells, in which an individual 11 × 18 cm cell was allocated for each individual. The duration of the study was 12 months. In the course of the experiment, body weight, physical performance, biochemical parameters of blood serum and urine in dynamics were assessed, and lethality was recorded. After the end of the study, the mass of internal organs, visceral and epididymal fat was analyzed, and a histological examination of the liver was performed.

Results and discussion. In the course of the experimental study, the development of NAFLD in rats of the control group of animals was histologically confirmed. A high mortality rate was revealed in the group of animals with pathology. Compared with animals of the intact group, a statistically significant increase in their body weight, liver weight, visceral and epididymal fat, a decrease in physical performance, disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism were revealed, as well as signs of deterioration of the protein synthesis and excretory functions of the liver.

Conclusion. A number of advantages of the NAFLD model with a combination of a hypercaloric diet and hypodynamic conditions were revealed, including the similarity of the conditions for the formation and pathogenesis of the disease in experimental animals and humans, which ensures the adequacy of data translation from preclinical practice to clinical practice.
Comparative efficacy of transdermal forms for alopecia therapy
Authors: Nogaeva U. V. , Ivkin D. Yu. , Plisko G. A. , Flisyuk E. V. , Kovanskov V. E. , Shtyrlin Yu. G. , Sidorov K. O.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Alopecia is a polyetiological disorder characterized by hair loss and reducing their number per unit area. Baldness causes psychological and social discomfort to patients, in connection with what an important task is to develop formulations that are more effective than the reference agents.

Aim. Investigate the possibility of applying the original substance Y in several dosage forms for the treatment of alopecia in comparison with reference drugs: minoxidil and burdock oil.

Materials and methods. The research subject was the original substance Y, for which several dosage forms were made: gel, alcohol and oil compositions. The study on the effectiveness and safety of the developed formulations was carried out on 9 groups of male C57BL/6 mice. Depilation with further assessment of the percentage of hair follicles in the growth and resting phases was tested as a pre-clinical model of alopecia. In the study of the mechanism of action of substance Y, chemiluminescent assay was performed compared with natural antioxidant quercetin in the system luminol – 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride, in potassium-phosphate buffer medium (pH = 7.4). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using two-way ANOVA using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2, USA software at the level of statistical significance of differences p < 0.05 and p < 0.005.

Results and discussion. Based on the results of histological analysis and visual changes, it was found that the effectiveness of the topical forms of substance Y decreases in the following order: gel, alcohol form, oil composition. The use of a combination of the gel base with the test substance Y resulted to the appearance of a larger number of hair follicles in the growth phase than when using the reference preparation – 2 % minoxidil solution (the differences are statistically significant). Chemiluminescent assessment of antioxidant activity showed the lack of antioxidant effect in substance Y.

Conclusion. The study combines two pharmaceutical profiles: technological and pharmacological. In the course of the experiments, the prospects of the gel form of the original substance Y for topical therapy of alopecia were shown. In the near future, it is planned to study the mechanism of action of substance Y, as well as registration of patent protection for a new drug.
Development of Genistein Synthesis for Use as a Certified Reference Material
Authors: Zhigalina A. A. , Dudarev V. G. , Tikhonova V. V. , Strelova O. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The use of certified reference materials (CRMs) ensures metrological traceability and comparability of analysis results performed in different laboratories, by different analysts, at different times. Genistein is a promising substance with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action. genistein is widely used in dietary supplements. Development of regulatory documents for CRM of genistein will ensure the quality of drugs and dietary supplements.

Aim. Aim of our study is to improve of the ways of synthesis and determination of spectrum characteristics of genistein for the certification of CRM.

Materials and methods. We used synthetic genistein, (Ph.D. V. Yu. Kovtun SPC "Pharmzashchita") (sample № 1) and genistein synthesized and studied at the departments of pharmaceutical chemistry and chemical technology of medicinal substances SPCPU (sample № 2). Infrared spectra of genistein samples were collected on an FSM 1201 infrared Fourier spectrometer (OOO Infraspek, Russia) via KBr pellets technique. All the spectra were collected in the 4000–500 cm−1 range. The NMR (1H and 13C) measurements were performed with a BrukerAvance III NMR spectrometer (400 and 100 MHz) (Bruker, Germany) in DMSO-d6 solvent. Raman spectra were recorded by an ORTES-785TRS-2700 analytical Raman scattering system at a laser power of 100 mW (OPTEC JSC, Russia). Laser interaction time was 5, 10, 20 and 60 seconds. The results were processed using the software "BWSpec 4.10_4", USA. GC-MS was performed on an Agilent Technologies 7890A gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) with a 7693 autoinjector and a Hewlett Packard 5975C mass selective detector.

Results and discussion. The synthesis was carried out according to the developer's method. The stage "removal of the alkyl protection" has been improved. The spectra of the synthesis intermediate of genistein (biochanin A) correspond to the literature data. Samples of genistein were investigated by methods: MC and NMR 13С, 1Н. The structure of the investigated substance was confirmed; Raman and IR spectroscopy showed that the spectra of the samples do not differ from each other and there are no additional signals.

Conclusion. The spectrum characteristics of samples of genistein were obtained by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy, which will be used in the regulatory documentation for CRM of genistein. All of this will make it possible to control the quality of medicines based on it and to identify substandard dietary supplements.
Changes in rat liver fatty acid profile in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Shustov E. B. , Bunjat A. V. , Platonova A. G. , Spasenkova O. M. , Kirillova N. V. , Ivkin D. Yu. , Okovityi S. V. , Kimaev A. N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a clinically progressive morphological form of NAFLD, ranks second in the list of reasons for liver transplantation in the adult population. In the pathogenesis of this disease, metabolism and distribution of free fatty acids (FFA) play an important role. A large number of studies have established that the level of FFA in peripheral blood directly correlates with the severity of NASH, but it is still unclear what effect fluctuations in the profile of fatty acids (FA) in the liver have in steatohepatitis.

Aim. Study of changes in the profile of fatty acids in the liver of laboratory animals with experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 17 white outbred male rats, which were randomized into two groups – intact (n = 6) and control (steatohepatitis) (n = 11). Steatohepatitis was modeled by 12-month use of a hypercaloric high-fat diet against the background of hypodynamia. The content of fatty acids in the liver was determined in the reaction of methanolysis and extraction with a hexane mixture of their methyl esters. The LC was separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Calibration for quantitative calculation was carried out with deuterated tridecanoic acid. The content of saturated and monounsaturated higher FAs, their aldehydes and hydroxy derivatives, as well as sterols were studied.

Results and discussion. A total decrease in the content of FFA in the liver of animals with steatohepatitis was revealed. The most significant decrease occurred mainly in the class of monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Also, a significant decrease in the activity of Δ9-desaturase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated FAs from their precursor with the same carbon chain length, was revealed, which was manifested by a significant decrease in their amount in the liver. There were no statistically significant changes in the levels of aldehydes and hydroxy acids between the study groups, as well as in the level of sterols (except for cholesterol, the content of which decreased significantly).

Conclusion. Thus, in the liver of rats with steatohepatitis caused by a combination of a hypercaloric diet and hypodynamia, statistically significant changes in the profile and concentration of fatty acids were found in comparison with healthy animals. The demonstrated shifts in FA composition may reflect both adaptive and pathological changes in the liver of animals with NAFLD and require further study.
Prediction of the composition of prolonged release tablets based on 4,4'-(propandiamido) sodium dibenzoate using the SeDeM method
Authors: Kotsur Ju. M. , Ladytko Ju. M. , Narkevich I. A. , Flisyuk E. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Direct compression technology is one of the most common tablet technologies. As known, many active pharmaceutical ingredients are not suitable for this technology without the addition of special excipients. A useful tool for determining the suitability of powdered materials for direct compression technology is the Sediment Delivery Model (SeDeM) method, based on the concept of Quality by Design. The presented method allows not only to assess the suitability of a material for direct compression, but also helps to predict the composition of a solid dosage form in the form of a tablet, which, in turn, leads to a significant reduction in experimental work carried out in the development of a new drug.

Aim. Prediction of the compositions of matrix tablets based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate with prolonged release, obtained by direct compression using the method of mathematical modeling SeDeM.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the original substance sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate, as well as a number of auxiliary substances, which included polymers used for dosage forms with prolonged release, a dusting component – magnesium stearate, and a filler – lactose monohydrate. Physicochemical and technological properties of APIs, explosives, obtained tablet mixtures and tablets were studied in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV ed. and EP 9th ed.

Results and discussion. The properties of the substance and excipients were assessed in accordance with the SeDeM method. It was found that the substance 4,4'-(propanediamido) sodium dibenzoate is not suitable for direct pressing due to poor flowability and low compressibility. Hypromellose Methocel K4M had good compressibility, but it did not have sufficient flowability. The other tested polymers had satisfactory properties for the direct compression technology. The composition of the tablet mixtures was calculated using the SeDeM method, the obtained tablet mixtures had satisfactory technological characteristics for obtaining tablets by direct compression. The tablets obtained as a result of the experiment also met the pharmacopoeial requirements.

Conclusion. Prediction of the composition of sustained-release tablets based on the original substance sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate was carried out using the SeDeM method. It was found that this method is suitable for the development of the composition of tablets based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate.
Development of the composition and technology of a combined gel for the treatment of osteoarthritis with a pharmacological rationale for the content of components
Authors: Nogaeva U. V. , Kotsur Ju. M. , Flisyuk E. V. , Ivkin D. Yu. , Semivelichenko E. D. , Titovich I. A. , Narkevich I. A. , Antonov V. G.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that affects more than 10 % of the world's population. More than 600 000 people are diagnosed for the first time each year, but these data do not reflect the true prevalence of the disease, since not all patients seek help from hospitals [1, 2].

Aim. Pharmaceutical development of the composition and technology of a gel based on meloxicam, a purine derivative and an immunomodulating component for the treatment of OA with pharmacological substantiation of the content of active substances.

Materials and methods. A combination of three active pharmaceutical substances was studied: a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug – meloxicam, a purine derivative and an original immunomodulator M. Sodium alginate, natrozole and xanthan gum were considered as gelling agents. Were identified two technological modes of obtaining a gel base. The concentrations of active substances were selected based on the results of preclinical studies. OA was modeled by the combined administration of 0.1 ml of a mixture of Freund's complete adjuvant with a 10 % talc suspension in isotonic sodium chloride solution in a ratio of 1 : 10 into the hock (tarsus) joint cavity. The criteria for choosing the optimal composition of the gel were the size of the damaged joint, exercise tolerance and the histological picture in comparison with intact and control animals. For quantitative data, sample mean values (M) and standard deviations (SD) were calculated. The results corresponded to the laws of normal distribution, statistical processing was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) using the GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software, USA at the level of statistical significance of differences p < 0,05 и p < 0,001.

Results and discussion. The composition was developed and the technology of the topical dosage form based on sodium alginate was proposed. Preclinical data indicate that the highest efficacy is achieved when using a formulation containing 3 % purine derivative, 5 % immunomodulator M and 0.5 % meloxicam. The developed composition for the effectiveness of suppressing the symptoms of OA showed results that exceeded the reference drug.

Conclusion. An original combined agent for the treatment of OA has been developed. Due to the selected component composition, with greater efficiency, it was possible to reduce the dosage of meloxicam to 0.5 %, and the use of sodium alginate as a gelling agent contributed to the prolongation of the action of the gel and the subsequent reduction in the number of applications.
Development of a mafedine lyophilizate for parenteral use
Authors: Terenteva O. A. , Vainshtein V. A. , Tikhonova V. V. , Whaley A. K. , Trofimov M. A. , Prikhodko V. A. , Shigarova L. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the most important medical and social problem of modern neurology because they have the highest rates of morbidity, mortality and disablement in the population. The growing incidence of CVD as a result of an aging population worldwide requires the emergent development of therapeutics, diagnostic and preventive tools. However, the development of drugs for the treatment of brain diseases has limitations due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain against most molecules from the bloodstream entering the central nervous system. At the St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist mafedine was synthesized, which has mild psychostimulant and anxiogenic effects and which may be used in the treatment of traumatic brain injury as a neuroprotective agent.

Aim. The development of a dosage form of mafedine in order to improve its penetration into the central nervous system.

Materials and methods. Mafedine (pharmaceutical substance) [6-oxo-1-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-olate sodium] (St. Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia); lecithin, span-60, Tween-80, Poloxamer 188, mannitol, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, methylene chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid. The fine emulsion of mafedine was obtained by ultrasound. The dosage form of mafedine was obtained by freeze drying. Residual solvents were determined by gas chromatography. Quantitative analysis of mafedine was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Particle size and zeta potential of emulsion were determined on a Zetasizer Nano ZS.

Results and discussion. Lyophilizate of mafedine was obtained and presenting as a light yellow porous, odorless tablet. The average mass of dry tablet was (0,17 ± 0,01) g with mafedine content is (26 ± 1) mg. The water content in the lyophilizate was 3,85 %. The quantity of methylene chloride in the lyophilizate correspond to the requirements for residual solvent content. The reconstitution time of lyophilizate into a primary emulsion was 3–5 seconds. The reconstituted dispersion was yellow, odorless, and did not break within 2 days during storage. The pH of the reconstituted emulsion was 7,34. The average particle size was (164,7 ± 6,4) nm, the zeta potential was –32 mV.

Conclusion. The developed dosage form is stable according to its physicochemical and pharmaceutical characteristics and is suitable for experimental study on models as a neuroprotective and neurorehabilitation agent.
Kesalahan dan Miskonsepsi dalam Aljabar
Authors: Rahayu Suning , Setyawati Dwi Utami , Febrilia Baiq Rika Ayu
Published: December 2021

Penyelidikan kesalahan dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi yang muncul karena salah satu sumber kesalahan adalah miskonsepsi. Dengan kata lain, miskonsepsi dapat dilacak melalui penyelidikan kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa ketika menyelesaikan permasalahan tertentu. Identifikasi miskonsepsi akan lebih bermakna apabila dipelajari lebih lanjut mengapa miskonsepsi ini bisa terjadi dan bagaimana guru harus membuat tindak lanjut dari permasalahan ini sehingga permasalahan serupa tidak akan terulang pada siswa-siswa yang lain. Melalui penyelidikan latar belakang terjadinya miskonsepsi ini guru diharapkan mampu membangun strategi pembelajaran yang dapat meminimalisir terjadinya kesalahpahaman siswa. Artikel ini menyajikan tentang kesalahan dan miskonsepsi yang kerap kali dilakukan oleh siswa dalam materi aljabar. Jenis-jenis kesalahan yang muncul ditinjau melalui studi temuan-temuan penelitian sebelumnya. Untuk mengetahui apakah kesalahan ini juga terjadi pada siswa di NTB, kami melakukan wawancara guru tentang kesalahan apa yang sering dilakukan siswa, penyebab terjadinya dan langkah apa yang dilakukan guru untuk mengantisipasinya. Setelah itu, dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi apa saja yang muncul melalui kesalahan tersebut.
Respon Guru SD melalui Training of Teacher untuk Meningkatkan Kecapakan Matematis di Era Revolusi 4.0
Authors: Nurhayati Mira , Wijaya Aldi Putra , Rahmadhani Fitri , Situmorang Gresilia , Mukarromah Nizzah Aulia Ahsanah , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Sukmaningthias Novika , Nuraeni Zuli
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Respon Guru SD melalui Training of Teacher untuk Meningkatkan Kecapakan Matematis di Era Revolusi 4.0. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif dengan melibatkan subjek sebanyak 6 guru SD Negeri 7 Lawang Kidul. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan cara angket setelah dilakukan pelatihan kepada guru selama 6 hari. Angket yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan angket dengan jawaban terbuka. Pada angket memuat perihal refleksi dari pelatihan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Data-data yang telah didapat kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara Kualitatif Non Statistik yaitu, tanpa adanya perhitungan statistik, lalu hasil pada penelitian ini akan dideskripsikan melalui kalimat yang akan ditarik kesimpulannya. Hasil penelitian dari dilaksanakannya Training of Teachers (ToT) untuk meningkatkan kecakapan guru diihat dari data analisis dan pembahasan diperoleh bahwa guru telah mendapatkan beberapa informasi mengenai kecakapan yang diperlukan pada era revolusi industri 4.0 diantaranya belajar matematika dengan praktik, menggunakan media pembelajaran yang bervariasi, dan pengetahuan bahwa ketika seorang guru matematika yang mengajar itu harus menjadi seorang  guru yang menyenangkan dan bisa menjelaskan materi pembelajaran matematika dengan cara yang menarik.
SOSYAL ÇEVRENİN GÖZÜNDEN ÇOCUKLARIN MOBİL İNTERNET DENEYİMLERİ
Authors: TURGUT Yiğit Emrah , KURŞUN Engin
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki çocukların mobil internet deneyimlerini sosyal çevrenin gözünden ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması niteliğindedir. Çalışma grubu 9-16 yaş grubundaki internet kullanıcısı olan çocukların sosyal çevrelerinde yer alan ebeveynler, akranlar, öğretmenler ve okul yöneticilerden seçilen 84 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Ebeveynler, akranlar ve öğretmen-okul yöneticileri için geliştirilen 3 ayrı görüşme formu ile toplanan veriler içerik analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Sosyal çevreye göre çocukların daha çok evlerinden internete erişim sağladıkları, en fazla akıllı telefonları, eğlence ve iletişim amaçlı etkinlikleri tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Sosyal çevrenin gözünden çocukların güvenli internet kullanma becerilerinde eksiklik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çocukların internette istenmeyen içeriklerle, tanımadığı kişilerle karşılaşmalarının yanı sıra bazılarının da mobil cihazlarından arkadaşlarının fotoğraflarını çekip izinsiz paylaştıkları görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, çocukların güvenli internet kullanma becerilerini ve dijital mahremiyet konusundaki farkındalıklarını artırmaya yönelik eğitimler verilebilir.
MATEMATİKSEL AKIL YÜRÜTME BECERİSİNİ SINIFLANDIRMAYA YÖNELİK KAVRAMSAL BİR ÇERÇEVE
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Zeynep , AKGÜN Levent
Published: December 2021

Bireyler tarafından gerçekleştirilen düşünme süreçleri oldukça karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Matematiksel akıl yürütme de bir düşünme süreci olduğundan, bu süreci ve sonucunu net bir şekilde ortaya çıkarabilmek de oldukça zordur. Bu çalışmada, matematiksel akıl yürütme becerilerine ait bir sınıflandırma ve bu sınıflandırmaya ulaşırken, araştırmacı tarafından kullanılabilecek analiz yöntemi, Lithner (2006) tarafından ortaya konulan kavramsal çerçeve kapsamında açıklanmıştır. Bu kavramsal çerçeveye göre matematiksel akıl yürütme Ezbere dayalı matematiksel akıl yürütme, Algoritmaya dayalı matematiksel akıl yürütme ve Yaratıcılığa dayalı matematiksel akıl yürütme şeklinde üç farklı tür olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin sergilemiş olduğu matematiksel akıl yürütme becerilerinin hangi türe ait olduğunu belirlemek için ise matematiksel derinlik, yüzeysellik, çeşitlilik gibi alt bileşenler oluşturulmuştur. Tüm alt bileşenler göz önünde tutularak bireyin sergilediği matematiksel akıl yürütme süreci derinlemesine incelenip, kavramsal çerçevede yer alan sorulara cevap aranmıştır. Oluşturulan bu kavramsal çerçeve, matematiksel akıl yürütme türünü daha hatasız bir şekilde belirlemeye yardım edeceğinden önemlidir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, kavramsal çerçevenin okuyucular tarafından daha net bir şekilde anlaşılması amacıyla matematik öğretmenliği öğrencileri tarafından sergilenen matematiksel akıl yürütme süreçlerine yer verilerek analizler ve bu analizlere bağlı matematiksel akıl yürütme türleri de beraberinde sunulmuştur.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ 2018 ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMINDAKİ DEĞERLERE İLİŞKİN HİYERARŞİLERİ, GEREKÇELERİ VE ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: YILAR Murat Bayram , KARADAĞ Yıldıray
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının 2018 programında yer alan değerlere ilişkin görüşlerini inceleyerek değer hiyerarşilerini gerekçeleriyle birlikte ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada eğitim alanında yaygın biçimde kullanılan temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcı grubunu, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim döneminde Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanının katılımcı grubunun belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada belirlenen ölçüt ise “Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programları” dersini almak ve başarıyla geçmiş olmaktır. Bu ölçüte göre araştırmaya 12’si kadın, 5’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 17 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak mülakat kullanılmıştır. Mülakatlardan elde edilen verilerin analizinde ise kuramsal (tümdengelimsel) tematik analiz yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının çoğunluğu tarafından en önemli görülen değerlerin sırasıyla saygı, adalet, vatanseverlik, sorumluluk, dürüstlük ve aile birliğine önem verme değerleri olduğu; en az önemli görülen değerlerin ise estetik, yardımseverlik, tasarruf, dayanışma ve bilimsellik değerleri olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğretmen adayları 2018 öğretim programında eşitlik ve tasarruf değerlerine ilk kez yer verilmesini olumlu bir gelişme olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Katılımcılar öğretim programı için 23 değer önerisinde bulunmuşlardır. Buna göre katılımcıların öğretim programında en çok görmeyi istedikleri değerlerin temizlik, merhamet, nezaket, alçak gönüllülük, vefa ve sabır değerleri olduğu belirlenmiştir.
ARŞİV BELGELERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNÖNÜ MUHAREBELERİNİN KAZANILMASINDA TÜRK HAVACILARININ KATKISI
Authors: KAPUCU Davud
Published: December 2021

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nı Osmanlı Devleti adına bitiren Mondros Mütarekesinden sonra İtilaf devletleri tarafından Anadolu işgal edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu işgal furyasına Paris Barış Konferansı sonrasında Yunanistan da dahil olmuştur. Yunanlar 15 Mayıs 1919’da İzmir ve çevresini işgal etmek için Batı Anadoluya asker çıkarmıştır.İzmir'in Yunanlar tarafından işgal edilmesi Türk milleti adına yeni bir mücadelenin başlangıç noktası olmuştur. İtilaf devletlerinin haksız işgalleri üzerine Türk Milleti Mustafa Kemal Paşa (Atatürk) önderliğinde Millî Mücadeleyi başlatmıştır.

Millî Mücadele öncelikle çeteler hâlinde düşmanla mücadele yapan düzensiz direniş örgütleri olan Kuvayı Milliye ile şekillenmiştir. Ancak Kuvayı Milliyenin teşkilatlı ve disiplinli bir yapı olmaması ihtiyaçlarını zorla ve baskı yoluyla halktan karşılaması ve en önemlisi Batı Anadoludaki yunan ilerleyişini Gediz Muharebeleri’nde durduramaması lağvedilmesine yol açmıştır. Bu kapsamda 8 Kasım 1920’de alınan kararla TBMM tarafından teşkilatlı ve örgütlü bir yapı olarak düzenli ordu kurulmuştur.

TBMM’nin kurduğu düzenli ordu emrine girmek istemeyen Kuvayı Milliye şeflerinden Çerkez Ethem tarafından bir isyan çıkarılmıştır. TBMM, Çerkez Ethem isyanını bastırmak için uğraşırken Yunan kuvvetleri de ilgili isyandan faydalanarak Anadolu’daki işgal alanlarını genişletmek ve Millî Mücadeleye son vermek amacıyla 6 Ocak 1921 tarihinde Bursa ve Uşak cephelerinden taarruza geçmiştir. Yunan ordusunun taarruzu ile İnönü Muharebeleri başlamıştır. Yunan ordusunun TBMM’yi ortadan kaldırmak Sevr Antlaşmasını Türk tarafına kabul ettirmek amacıyla gerçekleşen İnönü Muharebeleri iki aşamalı olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yunan taarruzu İnönü Muharebeleri boyunca 18 tayyare ile taarruzunu şekillendirirken Türk ordusu elinde bulunan iki tayyare ile hava harp görev ve faaliyetlerine yön vermiştir.

Bu çalışmada İnönü Muharebeleri’nde icra edilen hava harp görev ve faaliyetlerinin muharebelerin sonucuna etkilerine arşiv belgeleri, harp rapor ve cerideleri ekseninde yer verilecektir.
THE OPIUM HISTORY OF EASTERN THRACE (1927-1933): INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DYNAMICS
Authors: CEYLAN Okan
Published: December 2021

Anadolu’nun yerli ürünlerinden biri olan haşhaş Akdeniz coğrafyasında yüzyıllardır bilinmektedir. 19th yüzyılda önemli bir ticari meta olan afyon haşhaşın özsuyudur. Haşhaş çok yönlü bir bitkidir. Bu bağlamda haşhaş yağ bitkisi, yem bitkisi, endüstri bitkisi ve tıbbi aromatik bitkiler gurubunda değerlendirilmektedir. Afyon tıbbi aromatik bitki olduğundan eczacılık endüstrisi tarafından talep edilmektedir. Ancak afyon aynı zamanda uyuşturucu bağımlılığının da bir nedeni olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bir diğer ifade ile afyon hem tedavi edici ilaç hem de uyuşturucu gibi iki zıt özelliği aynı anda barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışma 20th yüzyılda Türkiye’nin afyon siyaseti ve uluslararası alanda afyon konusu bağlamında Doğu Trakya’daki afyonun toplumsal, iktisadi ve siyasi dinamiklerini incelemektedir. Nitekim Balkan Savaşlarının ardından Edirne’nin Dedeağaç Limanı ve Batı Trakya hinterlandını kaybetmiş olması bölgeyi İstanbul piyasasına yönlendirmiştir. Bu durum afyon örneğinde olduğu gibi Doğu Trakya’nın Anadolu vilayetleri ile iktisadi bir yarışa neden olmuştur. Ancak, Trakya’da haşhaş yetiştiriciliğine dair literatürde yer alan veriler çok sınırlı ve dağınıktır. Bu çalışma bölgenin yerel basını, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu raporları, resmî gazete, Parlamento tutanakları ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri ve ikinci literatürü incelemektedir. Böylece, Trakya’da haşhaş tarımının teşvik edilme nedenleri, haşhaş yetiştiriciliği, afyon üretimi ve pazarlama mekanizmaları dönemin tarihsel koşulları içinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda literatüre Trakya’nın coğrafi konumundan kaynaklı yeni bir bakış açısı da kazandırılmaktadır.
Análise das infecções do trato respiratório em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital do sul do Brasil
Authors: Lemos Amanda de Souza , Longo Laura Bazzi , Vellosa José Carlos Rebuglio , Montes Elisangela Gueiber
Published: December 2021

As infecções hospitalares elevam a morbimortalidade e acarretam prejuízos financeiros para as instituições de saúde, sendo que o risco é maior nas unidades de terapia intensiva, devido a fragilidade dos pacientes, uso de antibióticos de largo espectro e procedimentos invasivos frequentes. Nesse contexto, o trato respiratório é o mais acometido e tem como principal fator de risco a ventilação mecânica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência e as características das infecções respiratórias ocorridas em pacientes internados nessas unidades. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, realizado a partir das notificações de infecção hospitalar, de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2019, ocorridas nas unidades de terapia intensiva de um hospital terciário do Paraná. Houve 398 notificações, sendo o trato respiratório responsável por 68,3%. As pneumonias associadas à ventilação mecânica foram as mais prevalentes, apesar de demonstrar um declínio no período estudado. As traqueobronquites, embora menos prevalentes, apresentaram a maior letalidade (31,6%). O Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina foi o microrganismo mais frequente (11%), seguido de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9,6%). Enquanto isso, o esquema terapêutico mais utilizado para o tratamento dessas infecções foi piperacilina-tazobactam (43%). Este estudo contribuiu com dados epidemiológicos das infecções nosocomiais da instituição pesquisada, possibilitando elencar estratégicas e medidas de prevenção com maior especificidade e direcionamento voltado à realidade local, além de poder ser utilizado para comparação em estudos futuros.
Construção teórico-metodológica de uma pesquisa: uma análise do caminho percorrido
Authors: Cruz Ana Claudia da Silva Oliveira da , Medeiros Adriana Francisca de
Published: December 2021

O domínio das metodologias de pesquisas científicas, pode ser um dos maiores desafios no desenvolvimento do trabalho científico. Todavia o conhecimento dos métodos adequados para realização de uma pesquisa é de extrema importância, para que o projeto tenha relevância científica. O presente artigo é um recorte da pesquisa em andamento  intitulada “O perfil de uma escola pública de Humaitá- Am: uma análise do desempenho do Saeb e a relação com as práticas pedagógicas”, pesquisa proposta para a linha de pesquisa, perspectivas teórico-metodológicas para o ensino das ciências humanas do programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Humanidades (PPGECH) da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), que proporcionará, analisar no contexto de uma escola pública com melhor desempenho no SAEB (2019), práticas pedagógicas que favoreçam a qualidade do ensino e aprendizagem. O referido recorte buscará descrever o percurso metodológico escolhido para a pesquisa, conceituando teoricamente e apontando a importância do mesmo para a pesquisa. O ajustamento teórico-metodológico apresentado tem como base ponderações no domínio da disciplina de Pesquisa em educação.
Influence of electrical stimulation on peripheral nerve regeneration: Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Mattos Enilton de Santana Ribeiro de , Guedes Alex , Viana Mateus dos Santos , Baptista Abrahão Fontes
Published: December 2021

This is a protocol for a systematic review (intervention). Electrical stimulation (ES) is a therapeutic strategy used to improve peripheral nerve regeneration that involves the application of electrical fields of constant or varying frequency. We are going to lead a literature search to identify all published and unpublished randomized controlled trials that describe the use of ES in patients with peripheral nerve injury. We will compare: Electrical stimulation (application of electrical fields of constant or varying frequency) versus sham in patients with peripheral nerve injury; Electrical stimulation versus standard treatment (physiotherapy) in patients with peripheral nerve injury; Electrical stimulation versus no treatment in patients with peripheral nerve injury. Considering the scenario of very numerous strategies and different techniques of ES to stimulate nerve regeneration, decisions to recommend them should consider these uncertainties and should be summarized intended its application in clinical practice. The objective of this review is to assess the influence of electrical stimulation (ES) on nerve regeneration in individuals with peripheral nerve injury.
Urgensi Media Audio Visual Dalam Pembelajaran PAI Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mujahidin Arif Agus , Hasanah Aisyah Luthfi , Andani Meti , Kurniawan Muh. Alif
Published: December 2021

Dalam proses pembelajaran, komunikasi adalah media utama yang digunakan sebagai penyampaian materi oleh guru kepada peserta didik. Pada kondisi pandemi seperti sekarang ini, kegiatan belajar mengajar sangat bergantung pada seorang pendidik.  Seorang pendidik dapat menggunakan berbagai alat untuk menyampaikan materi yang dianggap dapat membantu peserta didik dalam menangkap dan mencerna setiap pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru, alat ini disebut media pembelajaran. Supaya materi ajar yang disampaikan dapat diterima peserta didik, maka dibutuhkan media yang sesuai serta membantu dalam proses penyampaian materi, khususnya dalam pembelajaran PAI. Dimana pembelajaran ini memiliki peran penting dalam tatanan kehidupan manusia, dan sebagai alternatif sebuah media yang berbasis gambar dan suara guna menyampaikan materi pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam.
Optimal Wire Myography Normalization for the Rat Dorsal Penile, Internal Pudendal and Internal Iliac Arteries
Authors: Azeez T.A. , Andrade M.R. , La Favor J.D.
Published: December 2021

In functional arterial studies using wire myography, the determination of a vessel’s standardized normalization factor (factor k) is an essential step to ensure optimal contraction and relaxation by the arteries when stimulated with their respective vasoactive agents and to obtain reproducible results. The optimal factor k for several arteries have been determined; however, the optimal initial tension and factor k for the arteries involved in erection remains unknown. Hence, in the present study we set out to determine the optimal factor k for the internal iliac artery, proximal and distal internal pudendal artery (IPA), and dorsal penile artery. After isolating, harvesting, and mounting the arteries from male Sprague-Dawley rats on a multi wire myograph, we tested arterial responsivity to high K+-stimulation when the factor k was set at 0.7, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 to determine the factor k setting that results in the greatest K+-induced active force production for each vessel type. The data showed the optimal factor k is 0.90-0.95 for the dorsal penile, distal internal pudendal and internal iliac arteries while it is 0.85-0.90 for proximal internal pudendal artery. These optimal values corresponded to initial passive tension settings of 1.10±0.16 - 1.46±0.23, 1.28±0.20 - 1.69±0.34, 1.03±0.27 - 1.33±0.31, and 1.33±0.31 - 1.77±0.43 mN/mm for the dorsal penile, distal IP, proximal IP, and internal iliac arteries, respectively.
MiR-18a Inhibits PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway to Regulate PDGF BB-Induced Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Phenotypic Transformation
Authors: Yang W. , Chen Y. , Huang C. , Wang W. , Huang C. , Li Y.
Published: December 2021

The increased proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is a key process in the formation of airway remodeling in asthma. In this study, we focused on the expression of mircoRNA-18a (miR-18a) in airway remodeling in bronchial asthma and its related mechanisms. ASMCs are induced by platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) for in vitro airway remodeling. The expression of miR-18a in sputum of asthmatic patients and healthy volunteers was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of miR-18a was over-expressed or interfered with in PDGF-BB-treated ASMCs. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were detected by MTT, flow cytometry and Transwell, respectively; the expression of contractile phenotype marker proteins (SM-22α, α-SM-actin, calponin) and key molecules of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway (PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT) in ASMCs were detected by Western blot. The expression of miR-18a was down-regulated in the sputum and PDGF-BB-treated ASMCs of asthma patients. PDGF-BB could promote the proliferation and migration of ASMCs and inhibit their apoptosis; it could also promote the phenotypic transformation of ASMCs and activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiR-18a could inhibit the proliferation, migration ability and phenotypic transformation of ASMCs induced by PDGF-BB to a certain extent and alleviate the effect of PDGF-BB in supressing apoptosis, while miR-18a could inhibit the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiR-18a inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation, migration and phenotypic conversion of ASMCs by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus attenuating airway remodeling in asthma.
Turbulent Dispersion Simulation of Radioactive Aerosol Applied to the Infrastructure of the NPP-2006 Industrial Site
Authors: Orlovskaya V. I. , Trifonov A. G.
Published: December 2021

The goal of this work is to simulate the processes of transport and deposition of aerosol particles in a turbulent flow, taking into account the infrastructure of the industrial site of the NPP. The developed model for calculating the dynamics of the spread of the pollutant emissions in emergency situations is presented, the limits of applicability of turbulence models are determined and the main mechanical and thermal sources of turbulence in the NPP infrastructure are analyzed. The mechanisms of radioactive substances deposition for emergency situations have been assessed taking into account turbulent effects. According to the results of the numerical modeling, the zones of predominant deposition of radioactive aerosols on the characteristic surfaces of the NPP infrastructure have been determined, which is the basis for emergency actions planning and assessment of the personnel doses.
Georgian immigrant women in Turkey: Ankara case
Authors: KOCAOĞLU DÜNDAR Betül
Published: December 2021

This study addresses post-socialist Georgian immigrant women’s lives and experiences as immigrants in Turkey. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many post-Soviet countries had serious threats in terms of economic development and political stability. These countries had to face with high unemployment and privatization because of these problems and also Georgia has been influenced due to these problems. In this way, especially, women of Georgia who try to find better ways for their economic conditions had to leave their homes, families and become a hero for their countries. Georgian female migrants have endured at least two enormous politico-economic changes in their lives: first, the transition from Soviet Georgia to a post-socialist, free market economy; second, the transition from Georgia to Turkey. Georgian women started to migrate since the 1990s to Turkey and Turkey has been a popular destination country for Georgian immigrant women. The reasons are the geographical closeness and flexible visa regime between Georgia and Turkey. The aim of this study is to listen to the personal experiences of immigrant women themselves, understand their working conditions and social life experiences in Turkey.