bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Great Genetics To Neuropsychology – Outline Of The Research On The Association Between Microbiota And Human Behaviour
Authors: Czajeczny Dominik , Kabzińska Karolina , Wójciak Rafał Wojciech
Published: March 2020

After the success of the Human Genome Project, which lead to estimating the number of human genes at only about 30–40 thousand, researchers started paying attention to a great number of genes present inside and on the surface of the human body. The gastrointestinal tract alone is a habitat for up to 1000 species of bacteria and other microorganisms. These microorganisms add a pool of 2–4 million additional genes. In 2009, a hypothesis was proposed that changes in microbiota are sensed by neurons localized along the entire bowel length, and communicated to the brain, making up the gut-brain axis. The vagus nerve seems to serve as the main communication path. Besides affecting gastrointestinal tract functions, primary neuropsychological studies show that gut microbiota is linked to HPA activity, and thus with arousal regulation and emotional functions. Research also suggests a link to cognitive functions. For now, mechanisms of those connections remain, for the most part, unknown. History of the research on human microbiota shows a complex nature of human functions and the need for integration of knowledge from, as it may seem, distant branches of science, like microbiology and psychology. While connections between microbiota and host organism remain unrecognized, our knowledge of human biology will be incomplete.

1. Human Genome Project. 2. In search for the missing genes. 3. Human Microbiome Project. 4. In search for the structure in infinity. 5. Gut-brain axis, towards neuropsychology. 6. Conclusions
Clinically Used And Potential Antimycotics In The Context Of Therapy Of Dermatomycoses
Authors: Gnat Sebastian , Łagowski Dominik , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Dyląg Mariusz
Published: March 2020

Paradoxically, despite the progress in medicine, the prevalence of fungal infections is increasing from year to year. At the beginning of the third millennium, practical therapeutic options are still very limited. Currently, only eight classes of antifungal compounds are in clinical use, only four of which are used in the treatment of dermatomycoses. The intense search for the “Holy Grail” of antifungal therapy that has been going on since the second half of the 20th century faces serious obstacles arising from the eukaryotic model of fungal cell structure. In this paper, new groups of chemical compounds of mainly natural origin have been synthetically described, which due to their interesting antifungal activity, including pathogenic species of dermatophytes, may constitute new therapeutic options. Among compounds currently arousing great interest, compounds from the group of terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and essential oils deserve attention. Many of these compounds are in clinical trials as potential antifungal agents, while others are in preclinical studies. Future research should focus on attempting to determine the applicability of the given substances in implementation for routine use and their effectiveness, toxicity and side effects.

1. Introduction. 2. General characteristics of dermatophytes in the therapeutic aspect. 3. New synthetic preparations with antifungal activity. 4. Natural antifungal preparations. 4.1. Terpenoids and essential oils. 4.2. Alkaloids. 4.3. Flavonoids. 4.4. Saponins. 4.5. Other chemical compounds 5. Summary
Biotechnological And Biomedical Applications Of Fungal Cellobiose Dehydrogenase
Authors: Olszewska Katarzyna , Olszewska Anna , Rogalski Jerzy , Sulej Justyna
Published: March 2020

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular oxidoreductive enzyme produced by wood-decaying fungi belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. This enzyme has a binary structure containing two cofactors (FAD and hem), located in separate domains and connected by a proteolytically sensitive linker. Due to its unique structure and properties, CDH has great potential for application in both biotechnology and biomedical applications. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on catalytic properties of cellobiose dehydrogenase and its potential applications.

1. Introduction. 2. Cellobiose dehydrogenase. 2.1. History of discovery and classification of the enzyme. 2.2. Structure, mechanism of action and properties. 3. Application potential of cellobiose dehydrogenase. 3.1. Biomedical applications. 3.2. Application of cellobiose dehydrogenase in biotechnological processes. 4. Summary
Bionanocellulose – Properties, Acquisition And Perspectives Of Application In The Food Industry
Authors: Olędzki Remigiusz , Walaszczyk Ewa
Published: March 2020

The food industry is one area of industrial activities that requires the frequent implementation of technological and product innovations. Foodstuffs obtained both in technologically advanced factories, as well as in small manufacturing enterprises, are increasingly produced using innovative food additives, which include natural polysaccharide ingredients. One of these substances is bionanocellulose – microbially produced cellulose (most commonly by the genus Komagataeibacter xylinus, formerly known as Gluconacetobacter xylinus). Bionanocellulose is a polymer with exceptionally valuable functional properties resulting from its unique molecular structure (formed by the chemically ultra-pure β-1,4-glucan). The main features of bionanocellulose are high hygroscopicity, flexibility and mechanical strength. Various physical and chemical forms of bionanocellulose (produced both during surface and submerged cultivation) are increasingly used in the production of food products. The need to produce highly diversified (e.g., usable or sensory) food products as well as the increasing difficulties associated with access to conventional sources of external coal, necessitate the search of alternative culture media for the production of bionanocellulose. The aim of the work is to describe the use of alternative carbon sources for the microbiological synthesis of bionanocellulose and its application in the food industry.

Introduction. 2. Structure and physico-mechanical characteristics of bionanocellulose. 3. The process of synthesis of bionanocellulose and its importance for microorganisms. 4. Microorganisms used for the production of bionanocellulose. 5. Raw materials used in the synthesis of bionanocellulose. 6. Techniques of culturing microorganisms that produce bionanocellulose. 7. Possible applications of bionanocellulose in the food industry. 8. Conclusions
Spatial priority conservation areas for water yield ecosystem service under climate changes in Teshio watershed, northernmost Japan
Authors: Fan Min , Shibata Hideaki , Chen Li
Published: March 2020

Effective information regarding water yield response to climate change provides useful support for decision making in water resources management. By integrating a hydrology model into a systematic conservation model, we developed an approach for modeling impacts of climate change on the water cycles and constructing spatial priority conservation areas for water yield ecosystem services in Teshio watershed located in northernmost Japan. The climate changes were projected to have impacts in increasing surface runoff, lateral flow, groundwater discharge and water yield. Surface runoff especially decreased in April and May and increased in March and September with rising temperature. We then investigated the spatial hotspots of water yields in typical periods (February, April and October, annual average water yield) to determine spatially priority conservation areas for water resources in terms of their different protection targets. The results also indicated that the areas of spatial optimal protection for water yields across different periods dynamically changed from spatial and temporal standpoints. The optimal priority conservation areas were concentrated in the southwest, north and southeast of Teshio watershed through comprehensively taking into account water yields in typical periods. Our results indicated that combination of hydrology and systematic conservation models would improve sustainable management of water resources across the watershed.
Casus E. - Visuele en conceptuele problemen tegen de achtergrond van een zich herstellende afasie
Authors: van der Velden Hannelore , Denisse Edith
Published: March 2020

In deze casus worden de klinische dilemma’s van taaldiagnostiek en afasietherapie in de verschillende revalidatiefasen van patiënte E. beschreven: E. kreeg een CVA, hetgeen resulteerde in stoornissen op het gebied van taal, visuele waarneming en conceptformatie. Zij maakte een langdurige revalidatieperiode door, met intensieve therapie, waarbij haar globale afasie evolueerde naar specifieke lees- en schrijfproblemen. Na een korte introductie van deze complexe casus worden de stappen in diagnostiek, therapie en begeleiding van deze patiënte beschreven.
Evaluating Two Common Strategies for Research Participant Recruitment Into Autism Studies: Observational Study
Authors: Ahmed Kelli L , Simon Andrea R , Dempsey Jack R , Samaco Rodney C , Goin-Kochel Robin P
Published: March 2020

Background

Ongoing research is necessary to better understand the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the developmental outcomes for individuals diagnosed with ASD, and the efficacy of the interventions. However, it is often difficult to recruit sufficient numbers of participants for studies, and despite the prevalence of ASD (currently estimated to affect 1 in 54 children), little research has focused on how to efficiently recruit participants with ASD.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of two different paid advertisements—social media and radio advertising—in recruiting participants for a study enrolling people with ASD and their family members by examining the number of participants enrolled, the cost per participant, and the geographic reach of each type of advertising.

Methods

We examined participant enrollment in a study following nonoverlapping paid advertisements on a popular FM radio station (aired in three cities across two states) and Facebook (six advertisements that ran in five cities across two states). The total paid investment in the radio campaign was $12,030 and that in the Facebook campaign was $2950. Following the advertising campaigns, 1391 participants in the study who were affiliated with the Houston, Texas, site received email invitations to participate in a brief survey about the ways in which they learned about the study (eg, social media, medical provider, website) and which of these were most influential in their decisions to participate; 374 (26.8%) of the participants completed this survey.

Results

Social media advertising outperformed radio in all three parameters examined by enrolling more participants (338 vs 149), with a lower average cost per participant ($8.73 vs $80.74) and a wider geographic reach, based on a comparison of the number of zip codes within and outside of Texas for questionnaire respondents who rated social media as the most influential method of contact (n=367, χ21=5.85, P=.02). Of the 374 survey participants, 139 (37.2%) reported that they had seen the study on social media prior to enrollment, while only 9 (2.4%) said they heard about it via radio.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that advertising on social media can efficiently reach a large pool of potential participants with ASD, increasing the likelihood of meeting study enrollment goals. Researchers should consider allocating at least some portion of recruitment dollars to social media platforms as a means of quickly and inexpensively reaching out to their target populations, including for studies with in-person procedures.
Toward the Development of Data Governance Standards for Using Clinical Free-Text Data in Health Research: Position Paper
Authors: Jones Kerina H , Ford Elizabeth M , Lea Nathan , Griffiths Lucy J , Hassan Lamiece , Heys Sharon , Squires Emma , Nenadic Goran
Published: March 2020

Background

Clinical free-text data (eg, outpatient letters or nursing notes) represent a vast, untapped source of rich information that, if more accessible for research, would clarify and supplement information coded in structured data fields. Data usually need to be deidentified or anonymized before they can be reused for research, but there is a lack of established guidelines to govern effective deidentification and use of free-text information and avoid damaging data utility as a by-product.

Objective

This study aimed to develop recommendations for the creation of data governance standards to integrate with existing frameworks for personal data use, to enable free-text data to be used safely for research for patient and public benefit.

Methods

We outlined data protection legislation and regulations relating to the United Kingdom for context and conducted a rapid literature review and UK-based case studies to explore data governance models used in working with free-text data. We also engaged with stakeholders, including text-mining researchers and the general public, to explore perceived barriers and solutions in working with clinical free-text.

Results

We proposed a set of recommendations, including the need for authoritative guidance on data governance for the reuse of free-text data, to ensure public transparency in data flows and uses, to treat deidentified free-text data as potentially identifiable with use limited to accredited data safe havens, and to commit to a culture of continuous improvement to understand the relationships between the efficacy of deidentification and reidentification risks, so this can be communicated to all stakeholders.

Conclusions

By drawing together the findings of a combination of activities, we present a position paper to contribute to the development of data governance standards for the reuse of clinical free-text data for secondary purposes. While working in accordance with existing data governance frameworks, there is a need for further work to take forward the recommendations we have proposed, with commitment and investment, to assure and expand the safe reuse of clinical free-text data for public benefit.
Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation Monitoring With a New Wearable Wireless Device in the Intensive Care Unit: Pilot Comparison Trial
Authors: Murali Srinivasan , Rincon Francisco , Cassina Tiziano , Cook Stephane , Goy Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2020

Background

Continuous cardiac monitoring with wireless sensors is an attractive option for early detection of arrhythmia and conduction disturbances and the prevention of adverse events leading to patient deterioration. We present a new sensor design (SmartCardia), a wearable wireless biosensor patch, for continuous cardiac and oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring.

Objective

This study aimed to test the clinical value of a new wireless sensor device (SmartCardia) and its usefulness in monitoring the heart rate (HR) and SpO2 of patients.

Methods

We performed an observational study and monitored the HR and SpO2 of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We compared the device under test (SmartCardia) with the ICU-grade monitoring system (Dräger-Healthcare). We defined optimal correlation between the gold standard and the wireless system as <10% difference for HR and <4% difference for SpO2. Data loss and discrepancy between the two systems were critically analyzed.

Results

A total of 58 ICU patients (42 men and 16 women), with a mean age of 71 years (SD 11), were included in this study. A total of 13.49 (SD 5.53) hours per patient were recorded. This represents a total recorded period of 782.3 hours. The mean difference between the HR detected by the SmartCardia patch and the ICU monitor was 5.87 (SD 16.01) beats per minute (bias=–5.66, SD 16.09). For SpO2, the average difference was 3.54% (SD 3.86; bias=2.9, SD 4.36) for interpretable values. SmartCardia’s patch measures SpO2 only under low-to-no activity conditions and otherwise does not report a value. Data loss and noninterpretable values of SpO2 represented 26% (SD 24) of total measurements.

Conclusions

The SmartCardia device demonstrated clinically acceptable accuracy for HR and SpO2 monitoring in ICU patients.
A Telerehabilitation Intervention for Youths With Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: Protocol for a Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gagnon Marianne , Collins Jessica , Elfassy Caroline , Marino Merlo Gabriela , Marsh Jacquelyn , Sawatzky Bonita , Yap Rita , Hamdy Reggie , Veilleux Louis-Nicolas , Dahan-Oliel Noémi
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterized by joint contractures present in at least two body areas. In addition to these contractures, individuals with AMC can have decreased muscle mass, leading to limitations in activities of daily living. Exercise has the potential to maintain or improve the range of motion and muscle strength. However, this type of intervention necessitates frequent follow ups that are currently difficult to provide for youths with AMC because they often live far from a specialized hospital. To overcome this distance challenge, telecommunication technologies can be used to deliver rehabilitation remotely, which is called telerehabilitation. The study protocol for one such type of rehabilitation will be presented in this paper.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study aims to (1) evaluate the feasibility of using telerehabilitation to provide a home exercise program for youths with AMC, and (2) assess the effectiveness of a home exercise program.

METHODS

A total of 10 youths aged 8-21 years with AMC will be recruited. The intervention consists of a 12-week individualized home-based exercise program delivered remotely using telerehabilitation. At baseline, youths will complete the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument to assess pain, function, and level of physical activity. During the first telerehabilitation meeting, the rehabilitation therapists will measure range of motion using a virtual goniometer and assess the youth’s functional level. The therapists will then use the Goal Attainment Scale to set objectives and develop the individualized intervention. Follow ups will occur every 3 weeks to make sure exercises are performed safely and to progress the exercises when needed. At the end of the 12-week intervention, rehabilitation therapists will re-evaluate the youth using the same outcome measures as the initial evaluation. The youths will be asked to complete the same questionnaires, with the addition of questions about their satisfaction regarding the intervention. Nonparametric and descriptive statistics will be used to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness.

RESULTS

Ethics approval was obtained in October 2018. Recruitment and data collection started in January 2019 and was completed in May 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

This pilot study will help us learn how a large-scale project may work in practice to improve outcomes in physical activity, pain, and function, and goal attainment among youths with AMC, thus informing a future clinical trial.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/18688
Classification Accuracy of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Outcome: Data Mining Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Frias Mario , Moyano Jose M , Rivero-Juarez Antonio , Luna Jose M , Camacho Ángela , Fardoun Habib M , Machuca Isabel , Al-Twijri Mohamed , Rivero Antonio , Ventura Sebastian
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The dataset from genes used to predict hepatitis C virus outcome was evaluated in a previous study using a conventional statistical methodology.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to reanalyze this same dataset using the data mining approach in order to find models that improve the classification accuracy of the genes studied.

METHODS

We built predictive models using different subsets of factors, selected according to their importance in predicting patient classification. We then evaluated each independent model and also a combination of them, leading to a better predictive model.

RESULTS

Our data mining approach identified genetic patterns that escaped detection using conventional statistics. More specifically, the partial decision trees and ensemble models increased the classification accuracy of hepatitis C virus outcome compared with conventional methods.

CONCLUSIONS

Data mining can be used more extensively in biomedicine, facilitating knowledge building and management of human diseases.
Exploring Canadian Children’s Social Media Use, Digital Literacy, and Quality of Life: Pilot Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Donelle Lorie , Facca Danica , Burke Shauna , Hiebert Bradley , Bender Emma , Ling Stephen
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Understanding social media use and digital literacy among young Canadian children is an increasing area of concern, given the importance of digital inclusion for full and informed participation in evolving educational, civic, corporate, social, and economic spaces.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore internet and social media knowledge as well as social media use among Canadian children aged between 6 and 10 years.

METHODS

We conducted interview surveys with 42 children aged between 6 and 10 years who participated in an after-school health promotion program in an urban community in Southwestern Ontario to understand their digital literacy skills and social media use. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

RESULTS

Of the 42 children who participated in this study, 24 (57%) reported that they used social media, specifically YouTube (19/24, 79% reported use), Snapchat (16/24, 67% reported use), and Facebook (8/24, 33% reported use). While using social media, children reported sharing personal information, including videos or pictures of themselves (12/24, 50%), videos or pictures of others (8/24, 33%), and their birthday (12/24, 50%), whereas only one-third (9/24, 38%) of the children believed that only close family and friends had access to the content they shared. When reporting on the quality of life in the context of using social media, most (17/24, 71%) children never felt sad, half (12/24, 50%) never had difficulty making new friends, and nearly one-third (7/24, 30%) indicated that they never had difficulty wanting to play outside.

CONCLUSIONS

Owing to the rapidly evolving uptake and use of social media among young Canadians, the implementation of childhood digital health literacy education is vital to best support digital inclusion and well-being in Canada. The findings of our study highlight the need for future research to understand where children receive their digital literacy knowledge from and whether this knowledge is gained through self-directed social media use or observation from other actors, such as parents, siblings, or friends.
Chemical Castration: Limiting an Absolute Human Right
Authors: Heathcote Louisa Elsie
Published: March 2020

In 2016, the Indonesian government enacted Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of the year 2016, adapted into Law number 17 of the year 2016. This regulation introduces chemical castration as a criminal sanction for child sex offenders, spurring human rights concerns. This article aims to assess whether chemical castration constitutes cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment from the perspective of Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and whether such a human rights violation can be justified. This article employs the normative research method, studying principles of law, systems of law, the synchronization of the law, the history of the law and policies, and laws in comparison to one another. The article bases its findings on laws, books, journals, judgments, and other documents.This article finds that firstly, chemical castration constitutes cruel, degrading, or inhuman treatment and secondly, that such a violation can be justified according to the limitations of human rights. The significance of this article is the basis for the increased limitation of human rights to advance the cause of child protection.
SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF COPPER PROTEINATE AND MANGANESE PROTEINATE FROM REACTION OF COPPER SULFATE AND MANGANESE SULFATE WITH PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM FISH WASTE
Authors: HARMITA HARMITA , SIMBOLON DANNIS SAMUEL
Published: March 2020

Objective: Copper and manganese are essential minerals needed for various biological processes in small amounts. However, essential mineralsare poorly absorbed in the form of salts or free form, leading to their low bioavailability. Forming complexes of essential minerals with protein canincrease their bioavailability. Metal proteinate complexes are non-polar, thereby reducing their excretion from the body. Fish waste is quite abundantin Indonesia, and therefore, we used fish waste to synthesize metal-proteinate complexes.Methods: Protein was extracted from fish waste using pancreatin. The extracted protein was mixed with copper or manganese in various ratios. Themetal content in the complexes was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry; ion exchange chromatography was used for separating thecomplexes from free unbound metals.Results: The optimum condition which yielded the highest protein content was the ratio of pancreatin enzyme to fish waste powder of 2:100. Theoptimum concentration of pancreatin was found to be 2% of the substrate. The yield of copper-proteinate complexes ranged from 97.87% to 98.55%,whereas the yield of manganese proteinate ranged from 97.05% to 98.36%. The free metal content was only found in the manganese proteinatecomplex in the 1.2:1 ratio, which was determined to be 0.0198 mg/g.Conclusion: We demonstrated that copper and manganese can react with proteins extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis of fish waste.
OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR TRANEXAMIC ACID IN WHITENING CREAMS BY RP-HPLC WITH PRECOLUMN DERIVATIZATION
Authors: MAGGADANI BAITHA PALANGGATAN , OKTAVIANI ERNIS , HARAHAP YAHDIANA , HARMITA HARMITA
Published: March 2020

Objective: An efficient and selective analytical method with precolumn derivatization using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) was developed for the analysis of tranexamic acid in whitening creams.Methods: Derivatization was performed using 1% ninhydrin solution in methanol as a derivation agent to form a colored Ruhemann’s purple product.The analytical conditions included the use of a C18 column as the stationary phase and a methanol: acetate (20 mM) buffer at pH 4 (75:25) as themobile phase, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and UV–visible detection at a wavelength of 570 nm.Results: The average retention time of the tranexamic acid derivative was 5.413 min. The results of the calibration curves were linear, with acorrelation coefficient (r) of 0.9993 at a concentration ranging from 8 to 48 μg/mL. The recovery was between 99.26% and 101.77%. The limits ofdetection and quantification were 1.87 μg/mL and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The analytical method developed in this study met the validation requirements and included a simple and efficient derivatization methodapplicable for the selective analysis of tranexamic acid in whitening creams.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPLIED TO OXALIC ACID HYDROLYSIS OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BIOMASS FOR D-XYLOSE PRODUCTION
Authors: SURYAD HERMAN , YANUAR ARRY , HARMITA  , RACHMADANI PUTRI WINNY
Published: March 2020

Objective: The study aimed to identify the best conditions using oxalic acid for hydrolysis of hemicellulose in oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)biomass.Methods: The analytical method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was using a SUPELCOSIL LC-NH2 column, refractive indexdetection detector, and three compositions of the mobile phase. At first, the hydrolysis of hemicellulose in OPEFB powder was optimized by applyinga response surface methodology. A three-variable, six-central composite design was used for the experiments. Temperature (between 95°C and135°C), reaction time (between 10 and 110 min), and oxalic acid concentration (between 1% and 7% [w/v]) were evaluated by running 15 differentexperiments at constant biomass concentrations. Then, hydrolysis was optimized again at the constant temperature selected with three variables:OPEFB concentration, reaction time, and oxalic acid concentration. Hydrolysate samples were detoxified with carbon active, and furfural compoundwas analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector.Results: The optimum condition of HPLC was using acetonitrile: water (9:1) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The first hydrolysis results showeda high yield of D-xylose produced, which was 6.40 g D-xylose/100 g OPEFB biomass, with a xylose recovery of 93.8%. However, this result wasnot yet optimum. Further hydrolysis at constant temperature experiment produced the highest xylose yield of 13.13%, equivalent to 32 g/lD-xylose.Conclusion: The yield of D-xylose from mild hydrolysis using oxalic acid was similar to that using dilute sulfuric acid as used in the previous studyby Rahman et al.
DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF LANSOPRAZOLE USING COCRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: SURINI SILVIA , NOVITASARI DIAN , YANUAR ARRY
Published: March 2020

Objective: Lansoprazole (LPZ) is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II drug. It has low solubility and high permeability, so its rate ofdissolution is a rate-limiting step for drug absorption. This study aimed to improve the dissolution rate of LPZ by forming cocrystals, using nicotinamide(NCT) as the conformer.Methods: Cocrystals of LPZ were produced using the solvent evaporation and solvent-drop grinding methods with a molar ratio of 1:1 and 1:2.The cocrystals were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC). The solubility and dissolution of the LPZ cocrystals were examined in distilled water.Results: FTIR was used to confirm the formation of hydrogen bonds between LPZ and NCT. DSC and XRD studies showed the formation of crystalsfrom cocrystals and a decrease of the melting point of the cocrystals. The dissolution study revealed that the cocrystals could increase the LPZdissolution rate by up to 8.4-fold compared with pure LPZ.Conclusion: LPZ cocrystal formation with NCT was successful in increasing the dissolution rate of LPZ.
TRANSGLYCOSYLATION ACTIVITY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RECOMBINANT SUCROSE PHOSPHORYLASE FROM LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES MBFWRS-3(1) EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: RENESTEEN EDITHA , CAHYO FURQON DWI , MALIK AMARILA
Published: March 2020

Objective: Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucosyl to various acceptor molecules. Distinct types of SPaseshave been reported, and their transglycosylase activities have been shown to differ. In general, glycosylation is a process that is used to modifybioactive compounds. As such, glycosylation can increase the chemical stability of compounds and improve their characteristics such as reduce strongsmell and sour taste. We previously cloned recombinant SPase (SPaseWRS-3[1]) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides MBFWRS-3[1] in Escherichia coli.In the current study, we aimed to characterize SPaseWRS-3 and determine its transglycosylation activity using benzoic acid (BA), ascorbic acid, andkojic acid (KA).Methods: Expression analyses were conducted in lysogeny broth (LB) medium supplemented with tetracycline and expression was induced usingisopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside. The characteristics of the 56 kDa recombinant SPase (rec-SPase) were confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Rec-SPase activity was determined spectrophotometrically using sucrose as the substrate and NADPHas the end-product at 340 nm. Transglycosylation activity was evaluated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates.Results: Our results demonstrated that the rec-SPase had an activity of 98.52% relative to the reference SPase (ref-SPase). BA and KA were determinedto undergo glucosyl transfer by rec-SPase using ref-SPase, as observed with TLC. Our findings are consistent with those reported previously for theSPase isolated from L. mesenteroides.Conclusion: Recombinant SPase activity is comparable to reference SPase activity. Our study could be the initial study to deeply observe SPase activityin other substrates as well.
Capital social y manejo forestal: caso de estudio de la Asociación Regional de Silvicultores (ARS) de Calakmul, Campeche
Authors: Mendoza Fuente Noé Manuel , Martínez Romero Eduardo , Esparza Olguín Ligia Guadalupe , Pat Fernández Juan Manuel
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: evaluar a través del marco teórico de la gobernanza de los bienes comunes el impacto que los arreglos institucionales tienen en el proceso de construcción de capital social para el manejo forestal entre los ejidos que conforman la Asociación Regional de Silvicultura de Calakmul; así como indagar el estado del proceso de construcción del capital social para el manejo del bosque a nivel local. Método: se empleó una perspectiva holística con enfoque cualitativo usando el Marco de Análisis y Desarrollo Institucional e instrumentos de captura de datos del International Forestry Resources and Institutions.Resultados: el sector forestal en Calakmul tiene un complejo régimen de propiedad donde se trasponen elementos de propiedad común y propiedad pública derivando en contradicciones que limitan la capacidad de implementar modelos de manejo del bosque adaptados al contexto local. Hay múltiples reglas de provisión de carácter rentista y tutelar desde el Estado y casi nulas posibilidades de diseñar reglas de apropiación vinculadas al manejo forestal sustentable dadas las limitaciones asociadas con un marco legal restrictivo y políticas públicas con objetivos opuestos. Limitaciones: los resultados se circunscriben a las condiciones que enfrentan el sector forestal en el contexto local y los socios de la Asociación Regional de Silvicultores en Calakmul.Principales hallazgos: el Estado podría, en el sector forestal, tener un papel de facilitador y volcar el apoyo institucional hacia los esquemas de manejo productivo en lugar de fortalecer los programas que promueven la cultura del subsidio y la mercantilización de los recursos naturales.
Editorial 43
Authors: López Uribe Cristina
Published: March 2020

La historia de la arquitectura moderna es inseparable de la historia de sus publicaciones. Vitales para cualquier investigación sobre arquitectura y utilizadas principalmente como fuentes confiables de información, es muy fácil pasar por alto que las publicaciones de arquitectura no transmiten información inocente, cristalina y transparente; el conocimiento que contienen y la forma en la que es presentado obedece en realidad a las intenciones de sus autores. La misma existencia de las publicaciones y sus lógicas han afectado profundamente la sociedad y la disciplina más allá de la información que difunden.

En esta Bitácora, reflexionamos en torno a los logros, estancamientos y horizontes de un campo de conocimiento –el de los medios y la arquitectura– que apenas comienza a definir sus territorios de trabajo.
L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, testigo del desarrollo moderno español (1950-1986)
Authors: Arza Garaloces Pablo
Published: March 2020

En 1986, L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui editaba un interesante monográfico dedicado a la arquitectura española. Este fascículo era la culminación de toda una serie de artículos que la revista publicó sobre España desde la década de los cincuenta, y que la convirtió en la publicación periódica internacional que más atención ha prestado a la modernidad española de la segunda mitad del siglo xx. El presente texto se propone indagar en el interés de la publicación francesa por España y en las claves que permiten comprender la atención de la que fue merecedora, entre las que cabría destacar la afinidad de algunos arquitectos españoles con miembros del cuerpo editorial de la revista.
Reseñas de libros
Authors: Montor Miguel , López Pamela , Bobadilla García Mariana , Márquez Corona José Manuel
Published: March 2020

X-Ray Architecture

 

Reconciliar ciudad y naturaleza.

GDU 40 años

 

The Midcentury Kitchen.

America’s Favorite Room From Workshop to Dreamscape

 

Pensar y repensar la arquitectura
Innovación social en los estudios históricos y de antropología sociocultural
Authors: Moya Padilla Nereyda E.
Published: March 2020

El trabajo que se presenta realiza un estudio de los resul-tados  obtenidos  en  el  programa  académico  de  maestría  en Estudios Históricos y de Antropología Sociocultural Cubana, que se imparte para la formación de egresados de las ciencias sociales y humanísticas desde hace más de diez años.  Una  investigación  exploratoria  descriptiva  desde  el  paradigma cualitativo, que utilizó el análisis de contenido, la  hermenéutica  y  la  fenomenología,  permitió  concluir  que  el  programa  logra  desde  la  gestión  de  proyectos  his-tóricos y antropológicos, resultados significativos que se tipifican  como  innovación  social,  al  aportar  transforma-ciones en servicios de salud, la educación, el turismo, las artes y lo comunitario en su aplicación en seis provincias cubanas.
Possessive Construction in Uab Meto
Authors: Benu Naniana
Published: March 2020

This paper is a result of research which is aimed to uncover the structure and marking on the possessive construction in Uab Meto based on morpho-syntax point of view. The data collected for this research were classified into the primary data (observation) and the secondary data (the data that are obtained from texts). The technique employed to analyze the data was descriptive-analytic, and the approach applied was deductive-inductive. The result of the research shows that in Uab Meto, predicative possession is expressed through the verb muiɁ ‘have/has’. In some usages, muiɁ metathezised to muɁi. Possesive construction of Uab Meto is also applied topicalization strategy, and the last is using a verbal prefix ma-. This prefix ma- is a verbal prefix because it carries a verbal meaning, that is have/has. Furthermore, there are two attributive possessive constructions, namely juxtaposed construction. The possessor in juxtaposed constructions can be a noun or pronoun. The second attributive possessive is pronominal clitic to show the agreement with the possessors. Relating to the marking, there are only two ways, namely by juxtaposition and pertensive marker to mark the the possession. Uab Meto allows all pronouns to mark the attributive possessive relation. Without free pronoun as the possessor, a speaker Uab Meto will understand that it is a possessive noun phrase. Clitic in possession in is obligatory for inalienable possession in Uab Meto.
Methodical approach for studying kinetics of short and long fatigue cracks growth for irradiated reactor materials. Part 2. Сonstruction of fatique propagation rate diagram on the basis of test of precracked charpy specimens
Authors: Smirnov V. I. , Minkin A. J. , Margolin B. Z. , Balakin S. M.
Published: March 2020

The finite element technique has been used for estimating the stress intensity factors (SIF) for short cracks emanating from a notch of single-edge bend specimen (SE(B)) and also weight function for this type of the specimen have been determined. On the basis of the received results the uniform equation for calculations SIF for short and long cracks in a specimen such as SEB (at h/W = 0.3) has been offered. The technique of construction of full kinetic diagrams of growth of the short and long fatigue cracks, initiated from the notch, is developed and approved. Full kinetic diagrams of growth of fatigue cracks (short and long) in steel Х18Н10Т and in weld metal in initial and irradiated (up to 40 dpa) conditions were built.
The influence of heat treatment on the formation of the structure and the level of mechanical properties of high-alloyed titanium alloy
Authors: Kozlova I. R. , Chudakov E. V. , Tretyakova N. V. , Markova Yu. M. , Vasilieva E. A.
Published: March 2020

The paper investigates the possibility of increasing the strength of the experimental high-alloyed titanium alloy due to various methods of thermal action, leading to a change in its phase composition and intragrain structure. Changes in mechanical properties in correlation with the change in structure in the annealed, tempered and heat-hardened state are reviewed. It is shown that by controlling phase transformations in highalloyed two-phase titanium alloys, it is possible to realize high-strength state with satisfactory plastic characteristics. The optimal complex of mechanical properties is provided by heat treatment, which leads to the creation of a two-phase heterogeneous structure with a developed bimodal intragrain structure.
Producing clad powder by disintegrator with new rotor design
Authors: Samodelkin E. A. , Korkina M. A. , Farmakovsky B. V. , Zemlyanitsyn E. Yu.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of the development of technology for producing composite materials, in particular the production of clad powder materials for wear-resistant coatings. In the proposed method, a clad powder is processed by disintegrator with a new design of the working rotor. Powder particles consist of solid nuclei – core of micron size, surrounded by a cladding layer of soft components. A modified rotor design was used to develop a technology for producing clad powders with desired properties for example Stellite– Aluminum composition. The thickness of the cladding layer is 1.0–2.0 μm, and the firm adhesion of the hard and soft components required for the coating is confirmed. The necessary fraction of the composite powder 50–60 microns for gas-dynamic spraying has been achieved. The obtained experimental set of the plated powder was tested to obtain functional protective coatings using supersonic cold gas-dynamic spraying. Studies have shown that the adhesive strength of the coating was less than 75 MPa and the porosity less than 1.0%. The coating is recommended to protect some components and parts of precision machine-building and power engineering.
Getting Started: Comparative Notes on the Impact of Sigmund Skard on American Studies in Norway
Authors: Øverland Orm
Published: March 2020

A Talk at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Chair in American Literature at Uppsala University
Peningkatan produktifitas proses perakitan material ban motor dengan metode 8 step quality control circle di Divisi Assembly Building Tire
Authors: Putra Erika Surya
Published: March 2020

PT XYZ Tbk merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang manukatur ban dari semua tipe mulai dari ban traktor, truk, bus, mobil, hingga ban motor. Plant I merupakan salah satu bagian dari PT XYZ tbk yang khusus memproduksi ban motor tubeless. Pada tahun 2019, peningkatan permintaan ban motor tubeless  meningkat dengan signifikan, khususnya pada ban ring 13 inch SS560 yang digunakan sebagai ban belakang motor Yamaha NMAX. Metode 8 step QCC memiliki alur yang tepat untuk membantu perusahaan melaksanakan improvement peningkatan produktivitas pada persoalan tadi. Pada step 1 dan 2 ditunjukkan data peningkatan permintaan sales sebesar 11% pada semester 2 2019, menjadikan target produksi permesin yang menjadi bottleneck yaitu building assembling, harus naik dari target 140 pcs/shift menjadi 155 pcs/shift. Penurunan cycle time menjadi langkah yang dipilih untuk meningkatkan output pencapaian dari mesin IMC 02.09 yang dipilih sebagai mesin model, dimana rata-rata pencapaiannya 136 pcs/shift, perlu naik 19 pcs/shift atau 13% untuk mencapai target perusahaan. Pada step 3 dan 4 dari hasil motion study dan analisa sebab akibat yang dilakukan, menunjukkan ada 2 tahapan kerja pada item nonvalue yaitu pengerolan manual pada sambungan ply 1 dan 2 bisa dihilangkan dengan simulasi penggantian bahan permukaan drum dari keras menjadi elastis dengan dilapisi karet. Selanjutnya pada item semivalue berdasarkan pareto tahapan kerja yang memiliki waktu terpanjang, diperolehlah 3 tahapan yang akan dilakukan improvement yaitu RS out, RS in, dan juga starroll manual kiri. Step 5 dan 6 menyusun pelaksanaan ke 4 rencana improvement tadi pada mesin IMC 02.09. Hasil improvement memberikan penurunan cycle time proses dari semula 123 detik/pcs menjadi 108 detik/pcs, atau meningkatkan pencapaian produksi dari 136 pcs/shift menjadi 154 pcs/shift, atau error sekitar 0,53% dari target. Peningkatan produktivitas mesin building assembling IMC 02.09 mampu memberikan potensi keuntungan bagi perusahaan sebesar Rp 3.615.840.000 per tahun.
Los pastos estrella africana, kikuyo y “rye grass” en Cartago, Costa Rica: biomasa, composición botánica y nutrientes
Authors: Villalobos Villalobos Luis , WingChing-Jones Rodolfo
Published: March 2020

Introducción: El forraje es el alimento principal para el ganado lechero y su calidad y biomasa definen equilibrios nutricionales óptimos. Objetivo: Valoramos la disponibilidad de biomasa, la composición botánica, los contenidos de proteína cruda, fibra detergente neutro y la digestibilidad del pasto estrella africana, kikuyo y ryegrass bajo pastoreo, ubicados en las faldas del volcán Irazú, Costa Rica con 30, 30 y 38 días de rebrote, respectivamente. Métodos: De junio 2016 a julio 2017, recolectamos muestras de los tres forrajes, 1-2 días antes del ingreso de los animales, para 20 muestreos en cada forraje, mediante el uso de una técnica visual que permite determinar la biomasa disponible en cada aparto. Esta muestra se dividió en tres partes, para el análisis de composición nutricional, número de hojas y composición botánica. Resultados: Encontramos que el pasto estrella africana ofrece mayor cantidad de materia seca disponible (Kg MS/animal/potrero), proteína disponible, FDN digestible y materia seca digestible que los pastos kikuyo y ryegrass. Además, no determinamos diferencias en los aportes nutricionales entre el pasto kikuyo y ryegrass. Identificamos cuatro coberturas en los potreros, donde la gramínea principal fluctuó entre 50 y 99%, la secundaria, entre 0 y 36%, las arvenses y leguminosas de 0 a 7,5% y 0 a 15% respectivamente. Mientras que, el material senescente vario entre 0 a 46% según la especie forrajera. Conclusión: La composición botánica en los potreros no tuvo efecto sobre el valor nutricional de los tres pastos.
Rare generalized form of meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W
Authors: Mazankova L. N. , Samitova E. R. , Khoroid N. V. , Ermakova M. N. , Cheburkin A. A.
Published: March 2020

The article presents current data on the high epidemiological and social significance of meningococcal infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis W in the Russian Federation and abroad. The article contains a review of the literature on the clinical features of the course of generalized forms of meningococcal infection caused by serogroup W. The clinical observation of a rare variant of generalized meningococcal infection with the development of acute epiphyseal osteomyelitis of the distal epiphysis of the right tibia, arthritis of the right ankle joint, right wrist joint, joints of 1-st right toe in an early childhood is described.
The acantamoeba lesions of the cornea (diagnosis) (Review of literature)
Authors: Kasparov A. A. , Marchenko N. R. , Kasparova E. A.
Published: March 2020

The Aсanthamoeba keratitis is a rare, but very dangerous disease of cornea; its development is connected with contact lens wearing, and corneal microtraumas with contamination of particles of the soil or water. The disease has no pronounced distinguishing clinical signs therefore it is difficult to distinguish them from herpetic or fungal keratitis. Nevertheless, it can be suspected on the basis of anamnestic data (use of contact lenses, corneal injury with contamination by the soil or water), uneven strong pain syndrome, ring-shaped infiltration of cornea, absence of effect of traditional therapy. Isolation of Acanthamoeba by bioculture method, morphological research of corneal bioptat (by light and luminescent microscopy), gene diagnostics, in – vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea can give additional help in the diagnosis. Also perspective diagnostic methods of Acanthamoeba keratitis are given. Nevertheless, so far there is no conventional technique of diagnosis of this disease.