bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High precision calculations of Fermi contact term for lithium-like ions
Authors: Wei Xiang-Jie , Sun Deng , Wang Li-Ming , Yan Zong-Chao ,   School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China,   Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
Published: July 2022

The Fermi contact term is closely related to the atomic hyperfine constants. It often dominates the hyperfine splittings. The quality of the wave function near the origin and the correlation effect between electrons are two main factors which affect the numerical accuracy of the Fermi contact term. It is not an easy task to compute the Fermi contact term with high precision for a general atom. In the present paper, the Schrödinger equations of the \begin{document}$ {\text{1s2s3s}}{\;^{\text{4}}}{\text{S}} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ {\text{1s2s4s}}{\;^{\text{4}}}{\text{S}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {\text{1s2s2p}}{\;^{\text{4}}}{\text{P}} $\end{document}states of lithium atom and lithium-like ions (Z = 4–10) are solved by using Rayleigh-Ritz variational method in Hylleraas coordinates. The variational energiesenergy converges to an accuracy of 10–13. Then the Fermi contact terms for these states are calculated based on the high precision variation wave functions. In particular, the Drachman global method are adopted in order to improve the convergence of the Fermi contact term. The effect of finite nuclear mass on Fermi contact term, i.e. the first-order mass polarization coefficient is also calculated. The Fermi contact term converges to an accuracy of 10–10, which is the most accurate result at present. Our results can be used as a reference for other theoretical methods or relevant experimental studies.
Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery
Authors: Sipe Laura M , Chaib Mehdi , Korba Emily B , Jo Heejoon , Lovely Mary Camille , Counts Brittany R , Tanveer Ubaid , Holt Jeremiah R , Clements Jared C , John Neena A , Daria Deidre , Marion Tony N , Bohm Margaret S , Sekhri Radhika , Pingili Ajeeth K , Teng Bin , Carson James A , Hayes D Neil , Davis Matthew J , Cook Katherine L , Pierre Joseph F , Makowski Liza
Published: July 2022

Bariatric surgery is a sustainable weight loss approach, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Obesity exacerbates tumor growth, while diet-induced weight loss impairs progression. It remains unknown how bariatric surgery-induced weight loss impacts cancer progression or alters response to therapy. Using a pre-clinical model of obesity followed by VSG or diet-induced weight loss, breast cancer progression and immune checkpoint blockade therapy were investigated. Weight loss by VSG or weight-matched dietary intervention before tumor engraftment protected against obesity-exacerbated tumor progression. However, VSG was not as effective as diet in reducing tumor burden despite achieving similar weight and adiposity loss. Leptin did not associate with changes in tumor burden; however, circulating IL-6 was elevated in VSG mice. Uniquely, VSG tumors displayed elevated inflammation and immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1+ myeloid and non-immune cells. VSG tumors also had reduced T lymphocytes and markers of cytolysis, suggesting an ineffective anti-tumor microenvironment which prompted investigation of immune checkpoint blockade. While obese mice were resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, anti-PD-L1 potently impaired tumor progression after VSG through improved anti-tumor immunity. Thus, in formerly obese mice, surgical weight loss followed by immunotherapy reduced breast cancer burden. Finally, we compared transcriptomic changes in adipose tissue after bariatric surgery from patients and mouse models. A conserved bariatric surgery-associated weight loss signature (BSAS) was identified which significantly associated with decreased tumor volume. Findings demonstrate conserved impacts of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss pathways associated with breast cancer progression.
Students’ perspectives on the functionality of the flipped classroom approach in master’s thesis seminar
Authors: Sointu Erkko , Vuojärvi Hanna , Äikäs Aino
Published: July 2022

Research studies are an important part of educational sciences curricula in Finland. However, these studies are challenging to conduct, given the teacher-led activities, lack of social presence, engagement, collaborative working with and time management of students, and large-entity writing process management comprising this environment. Here, our aim was to develop a program of master’s thesis seminar higher education pedagogy that employed a flipped classroom (FC) approach. While the FC approach has been investigated in several contexts of higher education, it has only been minimally explored in the master’s thesis seminar. Participating students’ views and mixed-methods were used. Based on the quantitative results, students considered guidance and satisfaction high, and difficulty low. Moreover, the FC approach was seen as well-suited to, and preferred by, the students, while not being significantly straining. Based on the qualitative and mixed-methods results, FC was seen as functional, goal-oriented, and flexible, and team spirit and supervisor’s presence were considered to be positive. However, negative experiences were also identified, such as the amount of peer feedback possibilities and time usage. The results, discussion, limitations, and implications are presented in terms of research-based development work on FC approach-grounded master’s thesis seminars in higher education.
Manipulation of light quality is an effective tool to regulate photosynthetic capacity and fruit antioxidant properties of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. ‘Microtom’ in a controlled environment
Authors: Vitale Ermenegilda , Velikova Violeta , Tsonev Tsonko , Costanzo Giulia , Paradiso Roberta , Arena Carmen
Published: July 2022

Light quality plays an essential role in setting plant structural and functional traits, including antioxidant compounds. This paper aimed to assess how manipulating the light spectrum during growth may regulate the photosynthetic activity and fruit bioactive compound synthesis in Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. ‘Microtom’ to improve plant physiological performance and fruit nutritional value. Plants were cultivated under three light quality regimes: red-green-blue LEDs (RGB), red-blue LEDs (RB) and white fluorescent lamps (FL), from sowing to fruit ripening. Leaf functional traits, photosynthetic efficiency, Rubisco and D1 protein expression, and antioxidant production in fruits were analyzed. Compared to FL, RGB and RB regimes reduced height and increased leaf number and specific leaf area, enhancing plant dwarf growth. The RGB regime improved photosynthesis and stomatal conductance despite lower biomass, favoring Rubisco synthesis and carboxylation rate than RB and FL regimes. The RB light produced plants with fewer flowers and fruits with a lower ascorbic acid amount but the highest polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and SOD and CAT activities. Our data indicate that the high percentage of the green wavelength in the RGB regime promoted photosynthesis and reduced plant reproductive capacity compared to FL and RB. Conversely, the RB regime was the best in favoring the production of health-promoting compounds in tomato berries.
O CONVERSAR DA EXPERIÊNCIA NO PIBID: COMPREENSÕES CONSTRUÍDAS NA ESFERA DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE
Authors: Pureza Suvania Acosta de Oliveira , Pereira Elaine Corrêa
Published: July 2022

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou estabelecer um conversar entre a formação docente e a interdisciplinaridade e tem como objetivo apresentar algumas implicações da interdisciplinaridade nos processos de integração, entrelaçados à prática docente na formação de profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Para análise dos resultados utilizamos a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Por meio das análises compreendemos que a interdisciplinaridade se mostrou como possibilidade formativa que permite a interação entre os sujeitos. Nessa perspectiva, entendemos que no conversar, as interações com profissionais de diferentes áreas do conhecimento poderão colaborar para uma formação interdisciplinar na convivência.
Review on Leishmaniasis
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Nayak Subham R. , Gupta Nikhar , Bisht Ratindra , Tripathy Snigdha
Published: July 2022

Leishmaniasis disease is caused by parasites and its spread by the bite of different types of sand flies. The genus Leishmania is named after the death Sir William Leishman, who discovered the flagellate protozoa which is the causative agent of Kala-azar, the Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL). On clinical symptoms they have three species: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. This infection diagnosis is based on the severity of the condition. In comparison to two other types of leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis is not more dangerous. The treatment's effectiveness varies depending on the type of resistance pattern and the infecting species. The lack of a vaccination for human leishmaniasis may be due to a lack of funding in this neglected parasitic disease.
Effectiveness of Plants Extracts and Mycoinsecticide on Management of Cowpea Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidea) under Field Conditions
Authors: Barry Raoul Borkeum , Goudoungou Jean Wini , Tofel Katamssadan Haman , Vandi François Ndosinvian , Tamò Manuele , Ngakou Albert , Nukenine Elias Nchiwan
Published: July 2022

To promote the use of natural substances for better management of the cowpea thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti, the potential of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica, Boswellia dalzielii and Metarhizium anisopliae, alone and their combinations in comparison with the synthetic chemical insecticide (Decis) were tested. The experiments were carried out in two cowpea varieties under field conditions within the Sudano-Sahelian agro-ecological zone of Cameroon. Trials were arranged in a completely randomized block design with nine treatments. The nine treatments consisted of a negative control, A. indica; B. dalzielii; M. anisopliae, A. indica+B. dalzielii; M. anisopliae+B. dalzielii; M. anisopliae+A. indica; M. anisopliae+A. indica+B. dalzielii and Decis. Each treatment replicated four times. Vigna unguiculata plants were sprayed from flowering stage thrice with insecticidal products at 5 day intervals. The density of adults and larvae thrips was assessed on 5 flowers per block during 5 days after the last spraying of treatments. Results showed that, there were more thrips on Bafia variety than B125 variety (p<0.0001). All the tested treatment significantly (p<0.0001) reduced the cowpea flower thrips of 30% for A. indica, B. dalzielii and A. indica+B. dalzielii, 75% for M. anisopliae and its various combinations, and of 90% for Decis. Plants extracts, mycoinsecticide and their combinations considerably reduced damage induced by thrips compared to the negative control. A. indica, B. dalzielii, M. anisopliae and their combinations showed ability as natural traitement for the management of thrips in V. unguiculata. These products do not only protect V. unguiculata crop from its major pest, but also preserve the environment from harmful effects induced by the use of synthetic commercial pesticides.
Networks of Small Scale Agro Food Processing Enterprises in Dodoma, Morogoro and Singida Regions in Tanzania
Authors: Seluhinga Nicetus Simon
Published: July 2022

For some time researchers in entrepreneurship have employed the concept of the network as a means of exploring how entrepreneurs do business. More recently, attempts have been made to show how networking contributes to small firm performance. The overall research on which this chapter is based aims to show how networking contributes to economic links in small agro-processing firms' activities. This paper assessed the influence of networking of small scale agro food processing enterprises in Dodoma, Morogoro and Singida Regions in Tanzania. Primary data were collected from 134 small agro processing firms. Secondary data were collected from Sokoine National Agricultural Library (SNAL), District councils, TRA, SIDO, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of agriculture, Tanzania Chamber of Commerce Industry and Agriculture (TCCIA), and National Bureau of Statistics and cluster officials. The paper focuses on a specific objective namely an understanding of the process of small firms' networking. The paper provides an in-depth analysis on the forms and structure of networks and how networks can facilitate linkage between local small-scale agro-processing firms and international firms. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The analysis was grouped into how entrepreneurs value the contacts they make and their impact on business performance. The study also investigated the nature of organizational networks amongst agro-food processing firms and how network functions are translated into business performance. The findings indicate that agro-food processing firms value their sub-sectorial associations data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results show that that small agro-food processing firms value their sub-sectorial associations. The findings also show that belonging to non-business-related associations is relevant in their business. This is however not the implication of getting direct assistance from these none related business associations. Therefore the study concludes that there is evidence of weak forward and backward linkage in the sub-sector because of poor linkages with rural farmers. The informal distribution channels are the most used in product and input marketing among the local and poor in Tanzania. It is recommended that dedicated public and private sector support on the development of small agro-food processing firms is called for the subsequent support of subsequent business and networking of the subsector. More importance should be given to local independent business organizations, local chambers of commerce and sub-sectoral associations in terms of the flexibility and efficiency of small agro-food processing enterprises.
The Effect of Relationship Marketing, Promotions, and Brand Image on Purchasing Decision of Sahira Dates Syrup
Authors: Simanjuntak Vera Clara , Kusumaningrum Dewi Ayu
Published: July 2022

Aims: This study aimed to discover the effect of relationship marketing, promotions, and brand image on purchasing decision of Sahira Dates syrup.

Study Design: Quantitative study

Place and Duration of Study: Study location was in Bogor City, with a study duration of five months from August – December 2021.

Methodology: An associative study using a quantitative approach. The study population was Sahira Dates syrup customers. The samples were 137 respondents, determined using purposive sampling. Data were collected using interviews, questionnaire, and documents. The study utilized validity test, reliability test, descriptive statistical analysis, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis test with the SPSS Statistic 20 program.

Results: The study results showed that the total average of each variable was categorized as good. The relationship marketing sub-variable had a high average assessment, where employees of Sahira Dates syrup are fast and responsive in handling customer complaints. The promotion sub-variable had a high average assessment, where promotions in the form of rebates (IDR) and discounts (%) by Sahira Dates syrup can attract customers appeal to purchase. The brand image sub-variable had a high average assessment, where services offered by Sahira Dates syrup staff are positive. The purchasing decision sub-variable had a high average assessment, where the price as affordable by the public’s purchasing power. Partially, relationship marketing, promotion, and brand image variables positively and significantly affected purchasing decision. Meanwhile, simultaneously, relationship marketing, promotions, and brand image affected purchasing decision. The researcher suggests maintaining a better long-term relationship between the company and its customers by providing services about company information, product information, customer complaints, or consultations about herbal medicines through forums or other media communication in order to create good corporate and customer relationships and employees can better understand the character of each customer. Also improving marketing communication, including by doing promotions by giving discounts, buy 1 get 1, free shipping, and building with other products on social media such as Facebook (Meta), TikTok, Instagram, website, youtube, marketplace, and others.

Conclusion: Relationship marketing, promotions, and brand image had a partial, positive, and significant effect on purchasing decision. Meanwhile, simultaneously, relationship marketing, promotions, and brand image affected purchasing decision.
A Professional Profile of an Award Winning Instructional Team
Authors:   Wake Technical Community College, Evans Shelley , Bowers Cynthia ,   Wake Technical Community College, Roddenberry Chris ,   Wake Technical Community College
Published: July 2022

A collaborative effort between members of an instructional design team is the focus of this co-authored professional profile. The purpose of the collaboration was to design a unique and pedagogically sound online general psychology course, with the focus of promoting student engagement and retention. The instructional team prepared for the collaboration by attending professional development and coordinating schedules. Weekly brainstorming sessions were used to develop a course to meet the needs of diverse learners. The course was submitted to Blackboard Inc.'s Exemplary Course Program (ECP), and in March of 2018, the team received news of their exemplary award status. This profile highlights the preparation required and the methods used to collaborate to design an award-winning course.
Chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidases targeted to stroma or thylakoid membrane: The chicken or egg dilemma
Authors: Jardim‐Messeder Douglas , Zamocky Marcel , Sachetto‐Martins Gilberto , Margis‐Pinheiro Márcia
Published: July 2022

Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) are heme peroxidases that remove hydrogen peroxide in different subcellular compartments with concomitant ascorbate cycling. Here, we analysed and discussed phylogenetic and molecular features of the APX family. Ancient APX originated as a soluble stromal enzyme, and early during plant evolution, acquired both chloroplast‐targeting and mitochondrion‐targeting sequences and an alternative splicing mechanism whereby it could be expressed as a soluble or thylakoid membrane‐bound enzyme. Later, independent duplication and neofunctionalization events in some angiosperm groups resulted in individual genes encoding stromal, thylakoidal and mitochondrial isoforms. These data reaffirm the complexity of plant antioxidant defenses that allow diverse plant species to acquire new means to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Modeling of resilience based on categorized recovery scenario and improving resilience with viscous damper
Authors: Akehashi Hiroki , Takewaki Izuru
Published: July 2022

In this study, a model for the evaluation of a building's resilience and recovery time is proposed, and a new method is developed for the optimal viscous damper placement for a targeted resilience. The features of this model are as follows: 1) building components are categorized into systems in view of their functionality, 2) recovery time is regarded as a function of the damage to building components and human resources for repairing the components, 3) the model is applicable to structural design. This design method uses a type of real‐coded genetic algorithm (GA). The effective use of a constraint on the sum of the added damper damping coefficients enables an efficient search for the solution.
Determination of a reliable assessment for occupational eye lens dose in nuclear medicine
Authors: Miyaji Noriaki , Miwa Kenta , Iimori Takashi , Wagatsuma Kei , Tsushima Hiroyuki , Yokotsuka Noriyo , Murata Taisuke , Kasahara Tetsuharu , Terauchi Takashi
Published: July 2022

The most recent statement published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection describes a reduction in the maximum allowable occupational eye lens dose from 150 to 20 mSv/year (averaged over 5‐year periods). Exposing the eye lens to radiation is a concern for nuclear medicine staff who handle radionuclide tracers with various levels of photon energy. This study aimed to define the optimal dosimeter and means of measuring the amount of exposure to which the eye lens is exposed during a routine nuclear medicine practice. A RANDO human phantom attached to Glass Badge and Luminess Badge for body or neck, DOSIRIS and VISION for eyes, and nanoDot for body, neck, and eyes was exposed to 99mTc, 123I, and 18F radionuclides. Sealed syringe sources of each radionuclide were positioned 30 cm from the abdomen of the phantom. Estimated exposure based on measurement conditions (i.e., air kerma rate constants, conversion coefficient, distance, activity, and exposure time) was compared measured dose equivalent of each dosimeter. Differences in body, neck, and eye lens dosimeters were statistically analyzed. The 10‐mm dose equivalent significantly differed between the Glass Badge and Luminess Badge for the neck, but these were almost equivalent at the body. The 0.07‐mm dose equivalent for the nanoDot dosimeters was greatly overestimated compared to the estimated exposure of 99mTc and 123I radionuclides. Measured dose equivalents of exposure significantly differed between the body and eye lens dosimeters with respect to 18F. Although accurately measuring radiation exposure to the eye lenses of nuclear medicine staff is conventionally monitored using dosimeters worn on the chest or abdomen, eye lens dosimeters that provide a 3‐mm dose equivalent near the eye would be a more reliable means of assessing radiation doses in the mixed radiation environment of nuclear medicine.
Neuropeptides in Cancer: Friend and Foe?
Authors: Wu Yue , Berisha Adrian , Borniger Jeremy C.
Published: July 2022

Neuropeptides are small regulatory molecules found throughout the body, most notably in the nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. They serve as neurotransmitters or hormones in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Cancer cells escape normal growth control mechanisms by altering their expression of growth factors, receptors, or intracellular signals, and neuropeptides have recently been recognized as mitogens in cancer growth and development. Many neuropeptides and their receptors exist in multiple subtypes, coupling with different downstream signaling pathways and playing distinct roles in cancer progression. The consideration of neuropeptide/receptor systems as anticancer targets is already leading to new biological and diagnostic knowledge that has the potential to enhance the understanding and treatment of cancer. In this review, recent discoveries regarding neuropeptides in a wide range of cancers, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, signaling cascades, regulation, and therapeutic potential, are discussed. Current technologies used to manipulate and analyze neuropeptides/receptors are described. Applications of neuropeptide analogs and their receptor inhibitors in translational studies and radio‐oncology are rapidly increasing, and the possibility for their integration into therapeutic trials and clinical treatment appears promising.
Ultrathin Self‐Standing Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Highly‐Efficient Nanofluidic Osmotic Energy Generator
Authors: Wang Ce , Tang Jiadong , Li Leyuan , Wan Jiahe , Ma Yuchen , Jin Yuhong , Liu Jingbing , Wang Hao , Zhang Qianqian
Published: July 2022

Nanofluidics is promising in the construction of highly‐efficient osmotic energy generator, but it is still a challenge to develop large‐scale and high‐performance nanofluidic membranes. The emerging covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide a desirable platform to create nanofluidic membranes with high ion selectivity and permeability towards effective osmotic energy conversion. Herein, an ultrathin self‐standing COF nanofluidic membranes based on terephthalaldehyde‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)methane is developed to construct high‐efficiency nanofluidic osmotic energy generator. Benefiting from the nano‐confined channels (1.4 nm) and negative surface charges, the COF based nanofluidic membrane demonstrates both excellent cation selectivity and high ion conductance. Moreover, an ultrathin thickness of ≈1.5 µm significantly reduces the membrane resistance. Consequently, the nanofluidic osmotic energy generator based on COF membrane can deliver a high output power of 5.31 W m−2 under a 50‐fold salinity gradient simulating natural river/sea junction, which is superior to most reported systems and reaches the industrial level. More importantly, such a COF nanofluidic membrane exhibits excellent stability in response to various environmental factors, including wide saline solution concentration, temperature and pH ranges. This work is anticipated to highlight the great potential of 1D COF nanofluidic membranes toward highly‐efficient osmotic energy generators.
Trends in Layered Double Hydroxides‐Based Advanced Nanocomposites: Recent Progress and Latest Advancements
Authors: Chen Biao‐Qi , Xia Hong‐Ying , Mende Lokesh Kumar , Lee Chia‐Hung , Wang Shi‐Bin , Chen Ai‐Zheng , Xu Zhi‐Ping , Kankala Ranjith Kumar
Published: July 2022

Recently, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have gathered vast interest due to overall positive charge, unique crystallinity, and biocompatibility for diverse applications. Despite the advantageous attributes, these hydrotalcites often result in several limitations concerning the application requirements, such as aggregation, as well as poor chemical and thermal stabilities, hindering their scale‐up progress and practical utilization. In addressing these issues, the recent advancements in the fabrication of intelligent LDHs nanocomposites based on organically (polymer/polyelectrolyte)‐modified and inorganic (metal)‐composited architectures are systematically presented. Initially, a brief note on the shortcomings in various fields and the chemistry of these pristine LDHs is given. Then, various synthetic strategies used to fabricate these emerging LDH nanocomposites are comprehensively emphasized, focusing on the advancements in their structure and applicability. In addition, the effects of various attractive physicochemical attributes of LDHs and their nanocomposite forms are discussed, including their applicability in adsorption, biomedicine, catalysis, energy, and environment‐related applications. In summary, this article is concluded with an outlook concerning the positioning of LDH‐based nanocomposites compared to other innovative materials, as well as the current challenges and future requirements for scale‐up.
Highly Efficient Polarization‐Controlled Electrical Conductance Modulation in a van der Waals Ferroelectric/Semiconductor Heterostructure
Authors: Parker Jacob , Gu Yi
Published: July 2022

Utilizing the unique in‐plane/out‐of‐plane polarization coupling in ferroelectric van der Waals α‐In2Se3, ferroelectric‐polarization‐controlled electrical conductance modulation in two‐dimensional (2D) MoS2 with a large dynamic range of over 5 orders of magnitude and excellent non‐volatility is demonstrated. This highly efficient control of the electrical conductance is facilitated by enhanced capacitive coupling through atomic‐layer‐deposition‐grown Al2O3 as the dielectric medium. By varying the in‐plane poling bias to the ferroelectric α‐In2Se3, the electrical conductance of vertically stacked 2D MoS2 can be tuned continuously. This approach enables simplified device design and provides great flexibility in device integrations, and it can be applied in principle to manipulate the electronic states in any 2D semiconductors for various applications such as transistors, tunneling devices, and reconfigurable electronics. The results also provide insight into the ferroelectric polarization screening by ambient chemical species, highlighting the need for surface passivation, and/or device encapsulations.
Epidemiological investigation and proteomic profiling of typical TCM syndrome in HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders
Authors: Ji Shao‐Xiu , Zheng Yan‐Feng , Li Xia , Li Bai‐Xue , Zou Jia‐Xi , Wang Yi‐Ting , Xia Xin‐Yi , Chen Xin , Hu Qian‐Nan , Wan Ting‐Jun , Wen Li , Feng Quan‐Sheng
Published: July 2022

HIV/AIDS pandemic remains the world's most severe public health challenge, especially for HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders (HIV/AIDS‐INRs), who tend to have higher mortality. Due to the advantages in promoting patients' immune reconstitution, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become one of the mainstays of complementary treatments for HIV/AIDS‐INRs. Given that effective TCM treatments largely depend on precise syndrome differentiation, there is an increasing interest in exploring biological evidence for the classification of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDS‐INRs. In our study, to identify the typical HIV/AIDS‐INRs syndrome, an epidemiological survey was first conducted in the Liangshan prefecture (China), a high HIV/AIDS prevalence region. The key TCM syndrome, Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK), was evaluated by using a tandem mass tag combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (TMT‐LC–MS/MS). A total of 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of YDSK syndrome compared with healthy people were screened out. Comparative bioinformatics analyses showed that DEPs in YDSK syndrome were mainly associated with response to wounding and acute inflammatory response in the biological process. The pathway annotation is mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades. Finally, the YDSK syndrome‐specific DEPs such as HP and S100A9 were verified by ELISA, and confirmed as potential biomarkers for YDSK syndrome. Our study may lay the biological and scientific basis for the specificity of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDs‐INRs, and may provide more opportunities for the deep understanding of TCM syndromes and the developing more effective and stable TCM treatment for HIV/AIDS‐INRs.
Sensitivitätsbetrachtungen zur rückwärtigen Schädigung des Betons beim Durchbohren dünner Bauteile
Authors: Zeman Oliver , Stierschneider Elisabeth , Voit Klaus , Köttl Philipp , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: July 2022

Dieser Fachbeitrag befasst sich mit der rückwärtigen Schädigung des Betons beim Durchbohren von Betonuntergrund unterschiedlicher Dicke und Zusammensetzung. Insbesondere bei der nachträglichen Installation von Befestigungen in sehr dünnen Bauteilen kann es bei der Erstellung des Bohrlochs zum vollständigen Durchbohren des Befestigungsuntergrunds kommen. Anzutreffen sind solche geringen Bauteildicken in der Praxis beispielsweise bei Hohlkammerdecken oder dünnen Fassadenelementen. Die beim Durchbohren entstehende rückwärtige Schädigung des Betons meint damit den Ausbruch auf jener Seite, die dem Beginn des Bohrvorgangs entgegengewandt ist. Dies ist dann von Relevanz, wenn etwaige nachträgliche Befestigungen dadurch einen großen Anteil ihrer Einbindetiefe in den Betonuntergrund verlieren. In diesem Beitrag wird auf der Grundlage von insgesamt mehr als 400 erstellten Bohrlöchern die Ausprägung der rückwärtigen Schädigung des Betons in Abhängigkeit von den Parametern Bauteildicke, Bohrdurchmesser, Größtkorn, Bohrverfahren und Schlagenergie des Bohrgeräts untersucht. Auf Grundlage der Untersuchungen kann gezeigt werden, dass die Tiefen und die Volumina der Ausbrüche einer logarithmischen Normalverteilung folgen. Dadurch lässt sich die Größe der rückwärtigen Schädigung des Betons statistisch beschreiben und damit die verbleibende Verankerungstiefe berechnen.
No one is an island: The influence of social crowding on prosocial intentions
Authors: Tong Luqiong , He Fengyun
Published: July 2022

Charitable activities emphasizing distant recipients or places often struggle to attract contributions because consumers tend to be more willing to help others who are spatially closer to them. Therefore, identifying methods to promote prosocial intentions toward distant recipients is critical, and the present study considers the implications of social crowding, as a common environmental factor, for evoking such prosocial intentions. Four studies conducted online and in the laboratory demonstrate that consumers are more likely to feel a stronger social connection to recipients of help in uncrowded (vs. crowded) environments, which, in turn, increases their helping intentions. This influence of social crowding on prosocial intentions is also moderated by spatial distance such that the effect is more significant when the charitable project targets distant (vs. closer) recipients.
Li2SiO3 Modification of C/LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 for High Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Xichang , Ouyang Baixue , Hao Rui , Liu Penggao , Fan Xiaowen , Zhang Mengjie , Pan Mengwei , Liu Weifang , Liu Kaiyu
Published: July 2022

The carbon‐coated LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 (C/LFMP) and carbon‐coated LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4@Li2SiO3 (C/LFMP‐LSO) could be successfully prepared by high temperature solid‐state reaction. Even though the crystal structure and morphology of C/LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 was not changed by Li2SiO3 coating, Li2SiO3 modification was able to facilitate the diffusion of lithium ions, resulting in an excellent rate performance and cyclic stability of C/LFMP‐1LSO (1 wt %). The reversible discharge specific capacities of C/LFMP‐1LSO are 157.6 mAh g−1 and 106.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and 10C, respectively. Meanwhile, the C/LFMP‐1LSO was cycled for 500 times at 5C with a capacity retention rate of 85.3 %. Furthermore, at a low temperature of 6 °C and 0.2C, the C/LFMP‐1LSO displayed good low temperature performance with a discharge specific capacity of 140.6 mAh g−1. Li2SiO3 coating was considered an effective way to boost the overall electrochemical performance of C/LFMP.
Heavy Alkali Metal Manganate Complexes: Synthesis, Structures and Solvent‐Induced Dissociation Effects
Authors: Ballmann Gerd M. , Gentner Thomas X. , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: July 2022

Rare examples of heavier alkali metal manganates [{(AM)Mn(CH2SiMe3)(N‘Ar)2}∞] (AM=K, Rb, or Cs) [N‘Ar=N(SiMe3)(Dipp), where Dipp=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3] have been synthesised with the Rb and Cs examples crystallographically characterised. These heaviest manganates crystallise as polymeric zig‐zag chains propagated by AM⋅⋅⋅π‐arene interactions. Key to their preparation is to avoid Lewis base donor solvents. In contrast, using multidentate nitrogen donors encourages ligand scrambling leading to redistribution of these bimetallic manganate compounds into their corresponding homometallic species as witnessed for the complete Li ‐ Cs series. Adding to the few known crystallographically characterised unsolvated and solvated rubidium and caesium s‐block metal amides, six new derivatives ([{AM(N‘Ar)}∞], [{AM(N‘Ar)⋅TMEDA}∞], and [{AM(N‘Ar)⋅PMDETA}∞] where AM=Rb or Cs) have been structurally authenticated. Utilising monodentate diethyl ether as a donor, it was also possible to isolate and crystallographically characterise sodium manganate [(Et2O)2Na(nBu)Mn[(N‘Ar)2], a monomeric, dinuclear structure prevented from aggregating by two blocking ether ligands bound to sodium.
Positive Cooperativity Induced by Interstrand Interactions in Silver(I) Complexes with α,α′‐Diimine Ligands
Authors: Zare Davood , Piguet Claude , Prescimone Alessandro , Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C.
Published: July 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Davood Zare, Claude Piguet, Edwin C. Constable and co‐workers at the University of Basel and the University of Geneva. The image depicts a [AgIL]+ intermediate about to catch a second α,α′‐diimine ligand to form the stable [AgIL2]+. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200912.
Bolaamphiphilic microstructural polyphenol flavonoids as sustainable high efficacy coating for aluminium surface in aqueous solution
Authors: Fares Mohammad M. , Radaydeh Samah K. , Masadeh Khansa'a H.
Published: July 2022

Bolaamphiphilic polyphenol flavonoids were successfully revealed as a sustainable coating at the solid/liquid interface of an aluminium surface in an aqueous solution. Polyphenol flavonoids extracted from brown onions demonstrated the presence of bolaamphiphiles above 600 ppm. Characterization of the polyphenol flavonoids coating was performed using spectroscopic 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared techniques for chemical identification, UV–vis and optical microscopy techniques were used for bolaamphiphilic microstructures assessment, and a scanning electron microscope was used for the assessment of surface morphology. Variant operating conditions used to show best coating efficacy were as follows: concentration = 600 ppm, solution pH = 10 in the presence of PO43− ion cross‐linker, operating temperature = 10°C, microwave pre‐irradiation time = 5 s, and turbulent flow of the solution = 300 rpm. Maximum coating efficacy showed a coating efficacy of 97%. The suitability of several adsorption isotherms, like Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich, was tested to fit our data. Equilibrium constant values were in favour of successful coating, especially at lower temperatures (20°C). Spontaneous (negative ΔG°) and high affinities of coating material to the surface were revealed from thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° and ΔS°). Conclusively, such research is meant to emphasize our continuous support for the use of plant waste in artificial sectors such as coating of metals, and for their economic feasibility and low cost as high efficacy renewable materials.
Body weight changes and associated predictors in a prospective cohort of young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Sella Tal , Zheng Yue , Tan‐Wasielewski Zhenying , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Poorvu Philip D. , Tayob Nabihah , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Gelber Shari I. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Schapira Lidia , Come Steven E. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Borges Virginia F. , Partridge Ann H. , Ligibel Jennifer A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Weight gain after a breast cancer diagnosis is common and is associated with inferior outcomes. Young survivors may be especially susceptible to weight changes given the impact of treatment on menopausal status.

Methods

The authors identified women who were diagnosed with stage 0 to III breast cancer at age 40 years or younger between 2006 and 2016 from a multicenter prospective cohort. Self‐reported weight was collected at diagnosis and at 1 year and 3 years postdiagnosis. Tumor and treatment data were obtained from medical records and patient surveys. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with weight gain (≥5%) or weight loss (≥5%) versus stable weight at 1 year and 3 years postdiagnosis.

Results

The cohort included 956 women with a median age of 37 years at diagnosis. Mean weight significantly increased over time from 66.54 ± 14.85 kg at baseline to 67.33 ± 15.53 and 67.77 ± 14.65 kg at 1 year and 3 years, respectively (p ≤ .001 for both comparisons). The proportion of women experiencing ≥5% weight gain increased from 24.8% at 1 year to 33.9% at 3 years. At 1 year, less self‐perceived financial comfort, Black race, and stage III disease were significantly associated with weight gain; at 3 years, only less self‐perceived financial comfort remained significant. Baseline overweight or obesity was significantly associated with weight loss at both time points. Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and treatment‐related menopause were not associated with weight change.

Conclusions

One third of young breast cancer survivors experienced clinically significant weight gain 3 years after diagnosis; however, treatment‐related associations were not observed. Age‐appropriate lifestyle interventions, including the reduction of financial barriers, are needed to prevent weight gain in this high‐risk population.
The relationship between culture‐related grief beliefs, prolonged grief disorder and suicide ideation among Shidu parents in rural China
Authors: Ma Hongfei , Zhao Shuang , Long Meijun , Diao Yucong , Liu Minghui , Feng Ziyi , Wu Hui , Wang Yang
Published: July 2022

Background

There are many one‐child families in China due to the one‐child policy. Parents who have lost their only child and are unable to conceive another child or unwilling to adopt a child are called Shidu parents in China. The death of an only child puts Shidu parents at the risk of mental illness and even suicide. Few studies have explored the influence of cultural beliefs and prolonged grief disorder on suicide ideation.

Methods

This study involved rural Shidu parents from Sujiatun district of Shenyang, China. Questionnaires consisted of the Prolonged Grief questionnaire – 13 (PG‐13), the Culture‐related Grief Beliefs of Shidu Parents Questionnaire (CBSQ), one question from the baseline National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) to measure suicide ideation and demographic and bereavement‐related information. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associated factors of suicide ideation.

Results

Sixty‐nine (28.8%) of the 240 Shidu parents reported having suicide ideation. Having chronic disease (OR = 5.509, p < 0.01), having religious belief (OR = 3.923, p < 0.05) and having a grandchild (OR = 2.552, p < 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of suicide ideation. Destiny belief (a subscale of CBSQ) was negatively associated with suicide ideation (OR = 0.818, p < 0.05). Prolonged grief disorder (OR = 9.280, p < 0.01) and perceived stigma (a subscale of CBSQ) (OR = 1.200, p < 0.05) was positively associated with suicide ideation after adjusting for controlling variables.

Conclusions

Suicide ideation is prevalent in rural Shidu parents. Reducing perceived stigma and alleviating prolonged grief disorder may decrease the risk of suicide among rural Shidu parents.
Fashion industry's environmental policy: Social media and corporate website as vehicles for communicating corporate social responsibility
Authors: Quiles‐Soler Carmen , Martínez‐Sala Alba‐María , Monserrat‐Gauchi Juan
Published: July 2022

Society requires companies to adopt ethical and responsible behavior with regard to environmental policies in order to achieve sustainable development. One of the most controversial sectors in terms of sustainable production is the fashion industry. This study analyzes the extent to which seven of the biggest fashion brands in Spain and around the world communicate their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies (specifically, those related to sustainability). To this end, we identify the social media platforms used the most by the target audiences for these brands, and apply an exploratory, descriptive methodology to a content analysis of communication about their CSR policies, both formal (corporate websites) and informal (social media). The objective is to identify whether these companies communicate their sustainable activities and practices in the context of their CSR. Our findings confirm that the brands analyzed have integrated sustainability and environmental protection initiatives into their CSR policies. However, although they do communicate this on their corporate websites, they rarely do so on social media. We thus conclude that the seven fashion brands analyzed could make better use of social media to raise awareness and educate customers about environmental sustainability.
Losing a parent in early‐life impairs flock size discrimination and lowers oxytocin receptor abundance in a medial amygdala homologue of adult zebra finches
Authors: Emmerson Michael G.
Published: July 2022

Experiencing inadequate parental care during early‐life diminishes adult social competencies. For example, low parental care impairs adult socio‐cognitive abilities (e.g., recognizing familiar conspecifics) and affiliation (e.g., close social proximity); outcomes attributed to diminished medial amygdala nonapeptide functioning in rodents. Whether parental care has effects beyond familiarity, and if siblings have similar effects to parents, is unclear. Here, zebra finches were used to explore if parent and/or sibling number shape adult recognition and preference of small versus large flocks and nonapeptide (oxytocin, vasotocin) receptor expression in an avian homologue of the mammalian medial amygdala. Chicks were raised by single mothers or fathers in small broods or paired parents in small or large broods matched to single parents for chicks per nest or per parent, respectively. Pair‐raised birds had preferred flock sizes as adults, but birds raised by single parents had equal preference for either size. Oxytocin receptor expression was lower in birds raised by single parents versus paired parents, but vasotocin receptor levels were unaffected. Such results highlight parents as formative antecedents of their offspring's social competencies related to group size preference and their nonapeptide mechanisms, outcomes that influence an animal's ability to live in social groups.
The minnowPhoxinus lumaireul(Leuciscidae) shifts the Adriatic–Black Sea basin divide in the north‐western Dinaric Karst region
Authors: Reier Susanne , Kruckenhauser Luise , Snoj Aleš , Trontelj Peter , Palandačić Anja
Published: July 2022

Karst landscapes are characterized by intermittent and sinking streams. The most common method used to study underground hydrological connections in karst is tracing tests. However, a more biologically oriented approach has been suggested: analysis of the genetic structure of aquatic organisms. Biological tracers can be sought among trogloxenes, that is, surface species that occasionally enter caves and groundwater. One such example is the fish genusPhoxinus, which exhibits high genetic diversity and complex phylogeography in the Balkan Peninsula. In the north‐western Dinaric Karst, the complex hydrological network was digitalized in 2020. Contemporaneously,Phoxinus lumaireulpopulations in the Slovenian Dinaric Karst were intensively sampled and analysed for fragments of two mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene. The derived phylogeographic structure and data on hydrological connections were compared to evaluate support for three alternative scenarios: The genetic structure (1) is a consequence of the ongoing geneflow through underground connections, (2) reflects a previous hydrological network or (3) is an outcome of anthropogenic translocations. The results suggest that the first two scenarios seem to have played a major role, while the third has not had profound effects on the genetic composition. Comparison between the genetic structure of Slovenian Dinaric Karst sampling sites and that of hydrologically isolated reference sampling sites indicated a greater genetic connectivity in the former. Moreover, the range of Adriatic (1a) and Black Sea (1c) haplotypes does not correspond to the Adriatic–Black Sea basin divide but is shifted northwards.