bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simbolisasi Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta di Vihara Mendut
Authors: Waluyo
Published: February 2019

This study is based on the absence of a comprehensive description of the symbol of Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta (Sermon on the Dhamma Wheel) in the Mendut Monastery. This study aims to describe the holistic meaning of the symbolization of the first sermon containing the core of the Buddha's teachings, namely the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta carved on the wooden window of the main dhammasālā at the Mendut Monastery complex. This study uses analytical methods of interpretation (understanding and interpretation) with procedures: (a) inventory of empirical data objects as simple ideas; (b) the granting and excavation of the meaning contained in the object; (c) understanding through insight; and (d) interpretation. The object material of this study is the twelve symbols of the first preaching of the Buddha, the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, carved in the wooden windows as a series arranged in sequence as an explanation of the content of the sermon. The validity of the study is based on a confirmability that reflects the objectivity of the study. The results of the study show that: (a) the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta's sermon is symbolized into twelve icons or characters, namely the dharmacakra with thirty spokes (thirty-dharma wheels) and the dharmacakra with twelve spokes as an introduction, then the dharmacakra with three strings, the dharmacakra with eight spokes, the dharmacakra with four blades in which each has thick and thin sides, the dharmacakra with twenty four spokes, the dharmacakra with eight spokes, the lotus symbol, the striped circle, the eye symbol seeing waves, the single eye symbols, and the broken gongs; (b) the symbols of the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta are understood and interpreted as a well-organized meaningful explanations reflecting the content of the sermon. They are commenced by cultivating the pāramitā (virtue) which is ten in number, each of which has three levels, the comprehension of the law of dependent origination, the two extremes namely self-mortification and self-indulgence, the Noble Eightfold Path as the middle way, the realization of the Four Noble Truths, the details of the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path as a path to be developed, the implementation of sīla as the basis, tranquility meditation, vipassanā meditation, the manifestation of paññā, and the attainment of Nibbāna. The consequence of the Dhammacakkappavattana Symbolization simplified into a particular icon makes it easy to understand the content of the sermon. It can be used as a medium of Dharma education which is more contextual with an easy and powerful language.
Disain Prototype Pick and Place dengan Sistem Pneumatik Menggunakan Kontrol PLC Omron Tipe CP1E
Authors: aswardi
Published: February 2019

Industrial automation technology is developing veryfast, especially in the process of taking and putting the work object. Prototype Pick and Place with a pneumatic system based on Omron PLC CP1E type was created with the aim to move the cube-shaped object with a size 4,5x4,5x4,5 cm and a weight of 0.2 kg with a speed of 12 objects of work every minute. This tool works by using air as the driving fluid, when the sensor detects an object phototelectric work, then the double-acting cylinder pneumatic actuator will push the work object to object retrieval area. Pneumatic gripper will grip the work object, condition or not grasped the object detected by fiberoptic sensor, ifan object has been gripped, the object will be removed and taken to a packaging object has been waiting for. The object then lowered into the packaging, then the object along with the packaging will be drawn with other pneumatic cylinder to the finishing area. After testing and analysis of the prototype is made in the form of the results it can take 25 seconds to move the object 5 pieces of work along with the packaging to the finishing area, so on average each 1 objects and packaging can be moved within 5 seconds.When the minimum air pressure of 0.15 MPa maximum lifting power of this tool is 0.632 kg, while when the maximum air pressure of 0.7 MPa maximum lifting capacity is 2,94 kg.
Hierarchy, power, and strategies to promote cooperation in social dilemmas [pre-print]
Authors: Molho Catherine , Balliet Daniel , Wu Junhui
Published: February 2019

Previous research on cooperation has primarily focused on egalitarian interactions, overlooking a fundamental feature of social life: hierarchy and power asymmetry. While recent accounts posit that hierarchies can reduce within-group conflict, individuals who possess high rank or power tend to show less cooperation. Then how is cooperation achieved within groups that contain power asymmetries? To address this question, the present research examines how relative power affects cooperation and strategies, such as punishment and gossip, to promote cooperation in social dilemmas. In two studies involving online real-time interactions in dyads (N = 246) and four-person groups (N = 371), we manipulate power by varying individuals’ ability to distribute resources in a dictator game, and measure punishment, gossip, and cooperative behaviors in a multi-round public goods game. Findings largely replicate previous research showing that punishment and gossip opportunities increase contributions to public goods in four-person groups. However, we find no support for the hypotheses that power directly affects cooperation or the use of punishment and gossip to promote cooperation. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the influence of hierarchy and power on cooperation within dyads and groups.
The Effectiveness of Teaching Materials for Graphic Organizers in Reading in Elementary School Students
Authors: Kurniaman Otang , Zufriady Zufriady
Published: February 2019

A teacher must be able to develop teaching materials in learning because it is a professional demand that can provide meaningful and enjoyable learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of developing graphic organizer teaching materials in reading in grade 4 of elementary school. The graphic organizer is a learning media used to read learning. This is a development research with consisting of 4 stages namely defining, designing, developing, and disseminating research results. Aspects namely need analysis and student analysis. In needs analysis, some analyzes were carried out covering curriculum, concepts, and assignments. While in the analysis of students looking at the suitability of teaching materials developed with the level of development of students. The design phase of teaching materials was made to plan the implementation of learning indicators, the average indicator was 95, and the learning objectives aspect was 93. The development phase was tested in SDN 38 Kota Pekanbaru with an average reading ability of 87.5, so it can be concluded that the effectiveness of teaching materials for graphic organizer in reading is very decent to use.
Deeds not words: Performance and management analysis of community water supply system at Pasthali, Kavre, Nepal
Authors: Dongol R. , Khadka M. , Kharel R.P.
Published: February 2019

The study was carried out to assess the performance and management analysis of Pasthali Water Supply System. Various data collection tools such as questionnaire survey, field observation and key informant interviews were used along with water quality analysis at the source, treatment plants, point of delivery and use. The filter bed media analysis was also carried out to assess the uniformity in the bed media. Mcrobial contamination in treated water was found due to improper sand granular used in filtration unit that hinder efficient removal of the microbes, lack of chlorination in the unit caused increase in microbial contamination at the point of delivery along with the unhygienic environment at the distribution tanks. Manual chlorine addition for three days was found to be effective in reducing microbial contamination drastically, but the water is recontaminated once delivered and stored at the household level. Improper handling and unhygienic storage location were found to be the major causes of increased contamination at households. The status of the water source is not safe either and seeks intermediate attention. The operation and management of Pasthali Water Supply System solely depends on water tariff and bears financial loss annually. The study also concludes that there is surplus of treated water termed as non-revenue water in the system. Proper granulation of the sand in the filtration unit and chlorination are must to ensure the safe water along with the awareness on the water management at the household levels. Supplying of non-revenue water to the nearby villages could be a potential to generate resources that ultimately strengthen financial aspects of the system and build resilience to financially break-down in the future.
Impact of elevated temperature on rice productivity: A case of Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Ambika , G.C. Yubak Dhoj , Baniya Binod
Published: February 2019

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important crop in the world after wheat and also the most important crop in Nepal. The production of rice is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Temperature is the major constraint for the crop yield. The present experiment was conducted to study the impact of temperature on straw and crop productivity from June to October 2014. The experiment was conducted under temperature control chamber, in which temperature was elevated from the ambient level by 2ºC and 3ºC for the entire crop growth period. Grain and straw yield was measured using electronic weighing machine. Maturity of grain was 10 and 7 days earlier at elevated temperature by 3ºC and 2ºC respectively. Under similar condition of water depth, plant spacing, rice variety and soil nutrient, rise in temperature up to 2ºC is favorable for rice straw yield and crop productivity. Yield loss under elevated temperature by 3ºC is due to floret sterility. Further research on temperature resistance rice variety is necessary.
Understanding the Factors that Influence the Primary Appraisal of mHealth Tools in Developing Countries: An Exploratory Case-Study in Nigeria
Authors: Eze Emmanuel , Gleasure Rob , Heavin Ciara
Published: February 2019

Shortages of health workers, infrastructural deficiencies, limited access to medical care are just a few of the many barriers to care in developing countries. The integration of smartphones and mobile devices into healthcare systems has been proposed to address some of the physical barriers to care and service delivery. These mHealth solutions extend the reach of medical care into rural areas of developing countries. However, it is not clear how mHealth solutions designed and tested in one developing region can be positively appraised for use in others. This study frames this problem using a coping theory approach based on an exploratory case-study to understand the factors that influence primary appraisal of smartphone-enabled clinical guidelines (mHealth tool) for accessing, classifying and eliciting treatment recommendation for sick children under the age of five by rural healthcare workers (RHCWs). Findings identified a set of factors which are bound as an emerging explanatory positivity model that influence primary appraisal of an mHealth tool in a new context. These factors are the set of individual and social factors that governments, funding bodies and non-governmental organisations should consider before embarking on the introduction of an mHealth tool in rural communities of developing countries. It is envisaged that by understanding the factors that influence primary appraisal, that is, either as an opportunity or a threat, practitioners and organisations will support positive appraisal and minimise the occurrence of negative ones when introducing mHealth tools. These findings have implications for theory, practice, and future research as explained in the concluding section of this paper.
PELESTARIAN SITUS ULAK LEBAR SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA SEJARAH
Authors: Ravico Ravico , Sofiarini Andriana
Published: February 2019

Situs Ulak lebar sebagai peninggalan dari sebuah peradaban manusia di Kota Lubuklinggau mengalami kondisi yang memperihatikan. Berangkat dari keprihatinan tersebut tujuan penelitian ini berupaya melestarian agar Situs Ulak Lebar dapat menjadi Destinasi Wisata Sejarah Kota Lubuklinggau. Adapun metode penelitiannya menggunakan menggunakan metodelogi sejarah dan langkah-langkahnya yaitu heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi dengan pendekatan pariwisata. Adapun hasil penelitian ini, pertama kajian tentang sejarah lokal situs ulak lebar yang terdiri dari tujuh sektor perlu adanya upaya pelestarian. Kedua, dengan adanya upaya pelestarian Situs Ulak Lebar dapat dijadikan sebagai destinasi wisata sejarah. Agar generasi berikutnya dapat mengambil pelajaran penting peradaban manusia di Ulak Lebar.
Intervención familiar en padres con psicosis durante la crianza de los hijos
Authors: Valenzuela Soler MC , Cano-Caballero Gálvez MD , Fernández Marín MA
Published: February 2019

Criar a un hijo significa ayudarle a desarrollarse y a convertirse en un adulto física y mentalmente sano, adaptado al medio en el que vive. Las dificultades ante la crianza de un hijo son las mismas para los progenitores sanos que para los que padecen una psicosis, pero estos últimos presentan problemas añadidos, ya que la enfermedad y sus síntomas pueden hacer que tengan mayores dificultades en detectar y atender las necesidades del hijo. Está demostrado que entre los hijos de psicóticos existe una mayor vulnerabilidad a padecer trastornos mentales que entre la población general, y muestran tasas más altas de alteraciones de la conducta y de las emociones. Hay una serie de factores que pueden disminuir el riesgo que corren estos niños de sufrir trastornos: recibir unos cuidados básicos adecuados, saber que su padre/madre está enfermo, conocer la enfermedad y expresar sus miedos y temores. Apoyar a los padres en su rol parental y realizar psicoeducación con el niño son indispensables en la ayuda a estas familias, y la labor de la enfermera es primordial en estas intervenciones.
60º Congreso de AEPNYA - una iniciativa compartida con la AACAP
Authors: Aepnya Revista
Published: February 2019

Ongi etorri! ¡Nuestra bienvenida! Our welcome!Es un placer darle la bienvenida al 60º Congreso de AEPNYA (Asociación Española de Psiquiatría del Niño y el Adolescente), que tendrá lugar en Donostia / San Sebastián. En esta ocasión especial, el evento constituye una iniciativa compartida con la AACAP (Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría Infantil y Adolescente) de Estados Unidos; siendo la primera vez que esta organización, la mayor del mundo en psiquiatría infantil y adolescente, acude a Europa. Nuestra dos asociaciones gozan de un llamativo paralelismo en su historia del desarrollo: el 60 congreso de AEPNYA ocurre en el mismo año 2016 que la AACAP realizará su 62 reunión anual en la ciudad de Nueva York. ¡Es el momento, en un entorno cada vez más global, de trabajar conjuntamente y fomentar esta fusión cultural!
Hacia un diagnóstico más objetivo del TDAH: el papel de la Vergencia Ocular
Authors: Supèr Hans , Cañete José
Published: February 2019

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos más comunes del neurodesarrollo. El diagnóstico actual se fundamenta en la presencia de síntomas de inatención, hiperactividad o impulsividad detectados a través de la anamnesis, la exploración, las entrevistas con padres y profesores y las escalas de evaluación de conducta observada. Además deben realizarse exploraciones médicas y psicopatológicas para excluir otras causas de los síntomas. El proceso es complejo y laborioso. Dada la importancia de una identificación adecuada de los casos para intervenir precozmente se sugiere la necesidad de mejorar los métodos de diagnóstico añadiendo pruebas objetivas o marcadores que permitan un mayor precisión. Se revisan distintas estrategias utilizadas hasta el momento concluyendo que por ahora, ningún método ha demostrado una sensibilidad y especificidad suficiente. Recientemente encontramos una relación entre la vergencia ocular y el nivel de atención en adultos y niños. Mostramos que durante la fijación de la mirada los estímulos visuales modulan el ángulo de vergencia debido a su capacidad para capturar la atención. En un primer estudio piloto la prueba de vergencia ocular permitió discriminar entre niños sanos y niños con TDAH con un elevado grado de precisión. Se presentan los resultados iniciales de un estudio de validación donde se compara los resultados de vergencia ocular efectuados de forma ciega a un grupo de niños sanos con un grupo de niños con TDAH y un grupo de niños con otros trastornos de atención o aprendizaje y mediante algoritmos basados en “machine learning” se obtiene un grado de discriminación del 96% entre sanos y TDAH y entre estos y el grupo de niños con otros problemas de atención o aprendizaje es de 85%. En conclusión, la evaluación de la Vergencia Ocular puede constituir una herramienta válida y objetiva de ayuda al diagnóstico clínco del TDAH.
Air Pollution and Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peters Ruth , Ee Nicole , Peters Jean , Booth Andrew , Mudway Ian , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Both air pollution and dementia are current and growing global issues. There are plausible links between exposure to specific air pollutants and dementia.

Objective:

To systematically review the evidence base with respect to the relationship between air pollution and later cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods:

Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO® were searched from their inception to September 2018, for publications reporting on longitudinal studies of exposure to air pollution and incident dementia or cognitive decline in adults. Studies reporting on exposure to tobacco smoke including passive smoking or on occupational exposure to pollutants were excluded. Using standard Cochrane methodology, two readers identified relevant abstracts, read full text publications, and extracted data into structured tables from relevant papers, as defined by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Papers were also assessed for validity. CRD42018094299

Results:

From 3,720 records, 13 papers were found to be relevant, with studies from the USA, Canada, Taiwan, Sweden, and the UK. Study follow-up ranged from one to 15 years. Pollutants examined included particulate matter ≤2.5 μ (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone. Studies varied in their methodology, population selection, assessment of exposure to pollution, and method of cognitive testing. Greater exposure to PM2.5, NO2/NOx, and CO were all associated with increased risk of dementia. The evidence for air pollutant exposure and cognitive decline was more equivocal.

Conclusion:

Evidence is emerging that greater exposure to airborne pollutants is associated with increased risk of dementia.
Oncologia Pediátrica e Investigações Científicas em População Vulnerável
Authors: Pombo-de-Oliveira Maria do Socorro
Published: February 2019

Este volume da Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia (RBC) divulga trabalhos realizados em câncer pediátrico, a partir de diferentes abordagens multidisciplinares e clínicas resultantes de experiências individuais de diversas regiões do Brasil. Talvez a mensagem mais importante desta edição seja mostrar que estamos tentando construir a história natural de tumores pediátricos por meio de investigações realizadas em Centros de referência de tratamento de tumores pediátricos.
Incidência, Mortalidade e Morbidade Hospitalar por Câncer em Crianças, Adolescentes e Adultos Jovens no Brasil: Informações dos Registros de Câncer e do Sistema de Mortalidade
Authors: Santos Marceli de Oliveira
Published: February 2019

Crítica de livro relacionado ao campo temático do controle do câncer,
Personalidad: un recorrido por los principales conceptos desarrollados sobre el constructo
Authors: Grasso Imig Paula
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un recorrido articulado acerca de los trabajos más importantes sobre la personalidad. Si bien se trata de una variable muy conocida, -es al mismo tiempo- una variable que refiere una estructura polisémica y, sobre la cual, aún no existe una idea unificada acerca de cómo debe ser tratada. Si bien esto último puede entenderse como parte intrínseca en cuanto a la naturaleza de la misma, es conveniente realizar desarrollos que traten de llegar a una idea en que se alcance una operacionalización unificada. En base a esto, se espera que el presente trabajo pueda dar cuenta de la cohesión de este constructo a partir de integrar distintas perspectivas.
INDONESIA MOSLEM TRADITION AND NATIONALITY
Authors: Muhammad Wildan Lmaduddin
Published: February 2019

Merayakan hari kemerdekaan merupakan salah satu simbol penghargaan warga negara terhadap Negaranya. Di beberapa wilayah negara termasuk Indonesia, perayaan tersebut rutin dilakukan oleh Pemerintah maupun oleh warga, dengan cara formal maupun informal. Secara formal pemerintah Indonesia dari tingkal daerah hingga pusat melaksanakan perayaan Kemerdekaan dengan upacara bendera pada tanggal 17 Agustus. Sedangkan dalam perayaan non-formal warga masyarakat melaksanakan peringatan Kemerdekaan dengan berbagai cara seperti lomba panjat pinang dan lain sebagainya. Salah satu bentuk peringatan yang ada di Indonesia untuk merayakan hari Kemerdekaan adalah dengan malam tirakatan atau malam pitulasan, khususnya di daerah Yogyakarta. Malam Tirakatan merupakan bentuk akulturasi dari tradisi Muslim di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan lebih lanjut tentang malam tirakatan sebagai sebuah akulturasi antara tradisi ritual keagamaan dengan rasa nasionalisme. Peneliti menggunakan metode triangulasi untuk mendapatkan data, yakni observasi partisipatoris. Wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Lokasi untuk penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua tempat yang berbeda. pertama di dusun Dukuh daerah kabupaten Bantul dan kedua di dusun Ngasemun salah satu dusun di kabupaten Kulon Progo. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Muslim Indonesia memegang teguh nilai tradisi. toleransi dan nasionalisme

Kata Kunci: perayaan, hari kemerdekaan, malam tirakatan, akulturasi.
MEMAHAMI SUMBER AJARAN ISLAM
Authors: SODIKIN R. ABUY
Published: February 2019

Islam sebagai agama yang berlaku abadi dan berlaku untuk seluruh umat manusia mempunyai sumber yang lengkap pula. Sumber ajaran Islam adalah Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah yang sangat lengkap. Pertanyaan yang akan timbul adalah mengapa ijtihad dijadikan sebagai sumber hukum atau sumber ajaran Islam, padahal AI-Qur'an dan Sunnah telah cukup lengkap.Seperti diketahui bahwa AI-Qur'an adalah merupakan sumber ajaran yang bersifat pedoman pokok dan global, sedangkan penjelasannya banyak diterangkan dan dilengkapi oleh Sunnah. Tapi, sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman, banyak masalah-masalah baru yang tidak terdapat dalam AI-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Dalam Persoalan-persoalan baru itu sudah barang tentu jawabannya bagaimana dan sejauhmana Islam secara, tegas menetapkan dan memecahkannya. Dengan demikian ijtihad sangat dibutuhkan sebagai saluh satu metode dalam menerangkan sesuatu persoalan yang tidak ada atau secara jelas tidak terdapat dalam AI-Qur'an dan Sunnah.Kata Kunci: AI-Qur 'an, Sunnah, Ijtihad
PENGEMBANGAN FITHROH BERAGAMA
Authors: Rustiawan Hafidz
Published: February 2019

Manusia diciptakan Khaliq dalam fithroh ad-din (beragama), fithroh tersebut berkaitan dengan fungsi dan tujuan penciptaan manusia sebagai khalifah fi al-ardh, yang harus beribadah (mengabdi) kepada Allah SWT. Pengabdian tersebut secara garis besar meliputi hubungan dengan khaliq (verlikal), dan hubungan dengan sesama makhluk (horizontaI) dengan mengikuti aturan yang telah ditentukan oleh khaliq.Untuk mengembangkan fithroh tersebut manusia diperintahkan untuk memperhatikan, memikirkan, memahami dan menghayati penciptaan alam dan peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di jagat raya, dengan menggunakan hidayah yang diberikan khalik kepada manusia.Dengan memberdayakan hidayah-hidayah tersebut, manusia mampu mengetahui dan meyakini adanya khalik Yang Maha Pencipta (Rab al-Alamin), dengan catatan manusia berada dalam lingkungan alamnyah yang tidak terkontaminasi oieh budaya-budaya terutama oleh lingkungan manusia yang menghambat dan menghalangi proses perkembangan fithroh ad-din.Fithroh ad-din (beragama) tidak hanya sekedar keyakinan terhadap adanya Rab al-Alamin (Tuhan), tetapi juga mencakup kepatuhan terhadap Tuhan, sedangkan cara yang harus diiaukan untuk menunjukkan sikap dan perilaku yang menunjukan kepatuhan tidak dapat dijangkau melaiui hidayah yang ada pada manusia, kecuaii dengan hidayah yang diturunkan (naqli) dari Tuhan melaiui Rasul-Nya. Untuk itulah pendidikan harus dilakukan.
ANALISA WACANA DAN PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA
Authors: Supandi Supani
Published: February 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan membahas analisa wacana dan bagaimana penerapannya dalam pengembangan keterampilan membaca. Analisa wacana adalah kajian organisasi bahasa di atas kalimat atau klausa, baik lisan maupun tulisan dengan kohesi dan koherensi yang berkesinambungan.Penerapan analisa wacana dalam pengembangan keterampilan membaca bahasa Indonesia haruslah mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor, di antaranya (1) tingkat kemahiran membaca, (2) maksud dan tujuan membaca, (3) kebutuhan pengetahuan dasar dan (4) panjang dan intensitas pelajaran.Beberapa keterampilan yang dapat dikembangkan dalam pengajaran membaca bahasa Indonesia pada tingkat pemahaman wacana adalah (1) keterampilan memanfaatkan pengetahuan dasar, (2) keterampilan mengatur ide-ide dalam topik menurut hierarki, (3) keterampilan menghasilkan ikhtisar yang menggambarkan struktur teks, (4) keterampilan meramalkan isi dari ikhtisar, (5) keterampilan memahami kosa kata melalui informasi kontekstual, (6) keterampilan memahami hubungan yang bermarkah, (7) keterampilan mengenali hubungan yang tak bermarkah, (8) keterampilan menghasilkan kesimpulan yang tepat berdasarkan pengetahuan dasar, (9) keterampilan membedakan antara informasi pokok dan informasi penunjang, dan (10) keterampilan menunjukkan penguasaan isi teks melalui pengalihan bagan atau retorik.
KEBIJAKAN OTONOMI SEKOLAH DAN OTONOMI BIROKRASI PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN/KOTA
Authors: Fauzi Anis
Published: February 2019

If we want to be honest, as a matter of fact, there are many regions that are not ready to receive various authorities in the context of the religion autonomy yet, including in carrying aut the authority on education sector. The reasons for his are (a) insufficient human resourse, (b) unavailabel means and infrastructures, (c) the very low provincial budget, (d) the lack of mentality toward changes, (e) being nervous and afraid toward renewal or innovative efforts. To be bureaucratic elite is dilemmatic and confusing. On the one hand, one has to works hard to serve the complex and hard problen of the society; on the other hand, the regulations of the district head are financial monitoring which is becoming stricter and stricter as well as the multiinterpretation between the organizer and the law enforcer apparatus.

Realization of decentralization in the school management needs the readiness from all supporting elemnts in the region. There are, at least, four elements that schould be prepared in order that the realization of decentralization succeed: (1) Law and regulation that regulate decentralization of education from distric or provincial level until the instituation level, (2) the devloment of the region capability, (3) creating the startegy of unit which is in charge of making education planning, (4) the readiness of society in receiving and helping to create the conducive milieu for realization of the decentralization.

Keywords: school autonomy, autonomy of education bureaucracy, district / city
PERGESERAN PERAN KYAI DALAM POLITIK DI BANTEN ERA ORDE BARU DAN REFORMASI
Authors: HAMID ABDUL
Published: February 2019

Kyai is one of traditional leaders in Banten. The political role of kyai in Banten has risen and fell. From collonial collapsed to Indonesian Revolt 1945, the leadership of kyai had increased in the peak performance. In 1945 until 1950, all of the Bupati in Banten were positioned by kyai. Since that time to now, in all of dimensions, the leadership of kyai has decreased. In New Order era, many kyais were organized as supported organization of ruling party. It was mutualism relation, ruling party got mass supports and kyai got material support for himself and pesantren. Impad of this strategy was increasing of charisma, influence, and trust. On the other hand, some kyais got oppression because of their independences and critics to government. In reformasi era, kyai had been fragmented in many political powers, but still as supporting actor not as the main one. To fulfill their needs, both for their selves and for pesantren, some kyais has done pragmatically and depended on others. This met with politician or government purposes to get religious legitimacy. The mix of political and economic weakness made kyai failed to made reformasi era as an opportunity to get back their ultimate role in politics.

Keywords: Kyai, Political Role, New Order, Reformation Era, Banten.
MASJID PACINAN TINGGI
Authors: Fauziah Siti , Rohman Mohamad
Published: February 2019

The mosque of Pacinan Tinggi was likely built by Chinese in Pacinan area for their places of worship. It is indicated by the form of its minarets which is influenced by Chinese sryle. Moreover, not too far from the ruins of the mosque of Pecinan lies the cemetery of Chinese Muslims. It means that around Pecinan area were the communities of Chinese Muslims and they probably played an important role in the spread of Islam in Banten taking into account that the development of Islam in China is earlier than that of in the Archipelago, and Banten had been well known by Chinese people far of the establishment of the Sultanate of  Banten.
ISLAM PADA MASA KESULTANAN BANTEN
Authors: Maftuh Maftuh
Published: February 2019

For many observers, Banten is well known as an area where the population has a strict religious understanding onislamic law. Colonial officials and experts in Islamic studies such as Snouck Hurgronje and GF Pijper, testified that compared to other Muslims across Java , Muslim in Banten and Cirebon were stricter in practicing Islam . The phenomenon of the social life of the religious community in Banten is necessarily formed within a very long time span. This paper traces the root of the formation of public religious understanding ojMuslim in Banten. Using a socio-historical approach, this paper then leads to the conclusion that the sultan of Banten issued policies that had a greater emphasis to the adherence to the Shari'a rather than Sufism. Religious orientation on the fiqh-oriented can explain the Islamic militancy Banten community, as witnessed by the colonial officials, and even still can be seen up to this present moment.Key words: Jslamization, Sultanate, Banten
Teknik Menyusui yang Benar di Desa Wanaraja, Kecamatan Wanayasa Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Authors: Subekti Ratih
Published: February 2019

Latar Belakang : Perilaku menyusui yang benar mempengaruhi keberhasilan dalam pemberian ASI. Di desa Wanaraja masih terdapat ibu menyusui yang mengalami puting lecet, bengkak dan nyeri pada payudara serta putting datar. Masyarakat desa Wanaraja belum sepenuhnya memahami tentang teknik menyusui yang benar, sehingga jika puting lecet maka payudara tersebut berhenti untuk disusui.  Metode : Metode dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah penyuluhan tentang teknik menyusui yang benar, praktik dan evaluasi melalui kuesioner. Hasil : Meningkatnya pengetahuan ibu tentang teknik menyusui yang benar sehingga proses menyusui dapat berjalan lancar dan tercapai program pemerintah yaitu pemberian ASI eksklusif. Pengetahuan ibu baik sebanyak 75% dan cukup 25%. Kesimpulan :Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan antara sebelum dan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan.
HUMANISTIC VECTOR OF EDUCATION AND PREVENTION THE DEVIATIONS AND CRIMES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Timofeeva L.Yu.
Published: February 2019

In changing reality, complex fundamental changes are required. Humanistic values (freedom and security, honor and dignity of the person) remain unchanged, mainly in the educational sphere of the European community, and further contribute to the prevention of deviations and offenses and to reformat the reality. The European integration course requires from Ukraine significant socio-economic, educational, security, as well as сriminal-Law transformations aimed at humanizing the relations between man, state
and society. The development of social relations in Ukraine is accompanied by dynamic and not always systemic changes in reality and, accordingly, the legislation of Ukraine. As a result, there is a need for the transformation of education in the humanistic vector
Literature Survey on How Planting Composition Influence Visual Preferences: A Campus Landscape Setting
Authors: Mt Akhir Norizan , Md Sakip Siti Rasidah , Yusoff Abbas Mohamed , Othman Noriah
Published: February 2019

Campus landscape is a created for aesthetically pleasing, educationally satisfying and environmentally sustaining. Unlike other places, the university has a distinct characteristic. The demand for high education required more space for students living. Previous research has mentioned on viewing landscape with stress recovery and reduce mental fatigue. Furthermore, several studies also suggested to university to provide a classroom with a window for viewing the landscape. The benefits gain from that has correlated with enhance positive emotions, mental health, quality of life as well as students’ academic performance. Vegetation is an essential element in visual landscape assessment. Plants traits able to attract viewers attention. Better landscape scenery often composed of various plant properties with properly design based on principles guidelines. However, the study on planting composition seems neglected. Therefore, this study is to explore the significance of planting composition in visual interest within the campus context. Different context anticipated different composition depends on the location, concept or function. Crucially, students are exposure with a lot of stress and challenges. Moreover, less daily contact with nature, spend more time indoors and continuously technology connectedness has predicted to negative impact on student performance. Thus, this study is suggestive to encourage nature connectedness. Before that, the preferred planting composition must be reviewed to ensure the effectiveness in visual preferences. The review process then analyses using qualitative software Atlas.ti© Version 8.0. The precedents literature was recorded and categorised in coding. The result demonstrates that there are the factors that should be pursued to influence more visual interest, particularly on campus.
Selected air pollutants in urban and rural areas, under the influence of power plants
Authors: Cichowicz Robert , Stelegowski Artur
Published: February 2019

The operation of large power plants, including power stations, and combined heat and power stations, causes the emission of significant amounts of gaseous pollutants into the environment. As a result, in the urban and agricultural areas occurs a pollution of undesirable gaseous substances, such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides.
This is especially dangerous for living organisms, soil and water, because, in combination with water vapor, these pollutants are the cause of acid rain. In addition, nitrogen oxides participate in the formation of ground-level ozone, which affects both human health and the condition of existing vegetation. Therefore, the distribution of air pollutants (NO2, SO2 and O3) in the selected urban and rural areas, under the influence
of power plants, located in the Lodz Voivodeship, in Poland, in Central-Eastern Europe, was analyzed for a 10-year period (2007–2016). As a result, it was possible to evaluate the impact of the entry into force of Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 “on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe” on the changes in emissions and concentrations of pollutants in selected locations.
As a result of the analysis, a significant decrease in the concentration of SO2 (by 75% in the urban area and by 59% in the rural area), and small changes (from - 8% to + 12%) in NO2 and O3 concentrations in ambient air were found. This indicates the effectiveness of actions aimed at reducing SO2 emissions, however the influence of the power plants on the concentration of air pollutants in these areas is not clear. At the same time,
considering the criterion of permissible concentration of ozone and nitrogen dioxide, although the air quality did not improve, the air quality index can be considered as being in the category of "good".
Change of the communication service model on the example of the housing from the 2nd half of the 20th century "Pod Dalnią" in Kielce
Authors: Dyk Ewa
Published: February 2019

For years, the motorized and uncontrolled degradation of the public space of housing estates from the second half of the twentieth century in Poland has been appropriated. This has a negative impact on their functioning and image. The aim of the work is a detailed analysis of Kielce housing estate from the second half of the last
century – Pod Dalnią, mainly in the spatial and communication aspect. The main focus was on the study of changes in the communication service model and the diagnosis of the parking problem, which also generates other tensions in the housing estate. This strives to formulate guidelines for comprehensive changes and strategies for the development of a housing estate that is not adapted to contemporary requirements and needs.
Influence of parametric resonance on the mechanism of destruction of contacting surfaces during training and wearing
Authors: Uchitel A.D. , Malinovskyi Yu.A. , Danilina G.V. , Datsenko S.Yu. , Omelchenko E.V.
Published: February 2019

Purpose. Investigation of the influence of parametric resonance in the zone of interaction of moving contacting surfaces on friction and wear when deformation-wave processes occur in front of a moving stamp.
Metodology. To substantiate the reasons for the emergence of parametric oscillations on the contacting surfaces, a physical model has been proposed in which nonlinear dry friction between interacting parts is present, depending on the speed of their relative movement, which is the source of parametric (auto) oscillations in the area in front of the moving part.
The techniques used to determine the length of the deformed part of the surface of the part, the number of half-waves on the site, as well as refined methods for calculating the heights of the deformation microroughnesses were used.
Originality of the work lies in the fact that the reason for the intense wear of the interacting parts was revealed, which is the increase in the amplitudes of oscillations of the surface layers of the parts as a result of the manifestation of the parametric resonance effect.
Practical value of the work is to achieve greater reliability in determining the deformation microroughness due to the use of a more accurate expression for the curvature of the bent beam axis, as well as taking into account the nonlinear relationships between the longitudinal and transverse deformations of the longitudinal axis of the hypothetical beam when it loses its longitudinal stability.
La redacción científica como herramienta para cualificación del estudiante de pregrado
Authors: Serrano Guzmán María Fernanda , Pérez Ruiz Diego Darío , Solarte Vanegas Norma Cristina , Torrado Gómez Luz Marina
Published: February 2019

La redacción científica es el mejor medio para transmitir el conocimiento adquirido, generado o reproducido como producto en una investigación y cuando ésta hace parte de las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se convierte también en un instrumento de evaluación. Este artículo se centra en la presentación de contenidos de un taller de redacción científica que se ofrecía en la escuela graduada y que se adaptó para la escuela subgraduada. Del estudio se concluye que el cien por ciento de los participantes logró familiarizarse con la estructura (componentes) de un artículo científico, pero que aún persisten deficiencias de sintaxis y de concordancia que deben ser mejoradas
Enseñanza postgraduada del Análisis de Procesos Químicos y su integración curricular con las TIC
Authors: Guardado Yordi Estela , Pérez Martínez Amaury , Crespo Zafra Lourdes , Matos Mosqueda Luisa
Published: February 2019

La formación posgraduada en ingeniería química dirigida al análisis de procesos químicos debe permitir la adquisición de habilidades al diseño de nuevas alternativas tecnológicas sostenibles. En el presente trabajo se analiza el diseño curricular del módulo de computación de la maestría en análisis de procesos de la industria química, así como los impactos generados tras la utilización de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC). Se evidencian impactos positivos en la enseñanza en el manejo de la bibliografía, la gestión de nuevos conocimientos y el manejo de las herramientas computacionales que facilitan la modelación, optimización, simulación, el diseño de flujos tecnológicos. En el orden social se contribuye a la formación posgraduada de ingenieros químicos y petroquímicos que incidirán en el desarrollo de las industrias químicas de la región, demostrando como las herramientas computacionales y las TIC permiten la adquisición de habilidades relacionadas con el quehacer investigativo.
Especialización internacional y el escaso desarrollo endógeno de tecnología en la Argentina
Authors: Dulcich Federico
Published: February 2019

Como consecuencia de importantes transformaciones tecnológicas e institucionales de las últimas décadas, actualmente las innovaciones no necesariamente se concentran en firmas industriales, e incluso se transan de forma desincorporada de los bienes a nivel internacional. Esto permite reestructurar la dicotomía entre productos primarios y bienes industriales de la teoría estructuralista clásica como una polarización entre el desarrollo y adopción de tecnología (denominada “Nueva División Internacional del Trabajo”), que torna relevante los efectos del Sistema Nacional de Innovación en el comercio internacional. En este nuevo marco, el objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la especialización internacional de la Argentina, que demuestra una fuerte demanda neta de tecnología asociada a un estructural escaso desarrollo endógeno de la misma. Este fenómeno expresa, entre otros fundamentos, inconsistencias entre la política productiva y científico-tecnológica, falta de financiamiento del sistema de ciencia y técnica, y problemas de interacción y composición entre sus componentes público y privado.
Prestasi Belajar dan Perilaku Keagamaan Siswa
Authors: Masnaiyah Haizatul
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to: determine student achievement, student religious behavior relationship between learning achievement with student religious behavior. Students sampled is 87 students. The technique of collecting data using questionnaires and documentation. While the methods of analysis used is using the technique Spearman correlation analysis Tata offer. The results showed that (1) Achievement Student achievement is quite good, reaching an average value of 82.7. (2) Religious behavior of students classified as good ie with a percentage of 56.3% good, 39.1% moderate, 2.3% and 2.3% splendidly less. (3) There is a significant relationship between academic achievement by religious behavior of students with the level of strength of the relationship between the two moderate. This is based on the results of data calculated by the formula Spearman using IBM SPSS Statistics program version 22, which shows the correlation between the variables x and y variables amounted to 0,404 with the Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000.
Deskripsi Pembelajaran di Pondok Pesantren Putri
Authors: Kholidah Rohmatul
Published: February 2019

This article intends to describe the learning Marasah Diniyah daughter (Madin), Assembly Musyawatah Madrasah (M2M), and Tartil Quran (TQ). The approach used in this paper is a descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques of documentation, observation, and interviews. As for the author uses analysis techniques to analyze data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the study, pembalajaran in Madin, M2M TQ of Kediri greatly influenced by the role diligence of the teachers in teaching and learning activities in the classroom, as well as the readiness of the students, habituation sets student discipline, and set the method of punishment
Menumbuhkan Minat Baca Sejak Dini di Taman Baca Masyarakat
Authors: Khoiruddin M. Arif , Taulabi Imam , Imron Ali
Published: February 2019

Reading is the capital key in progressing a nation, therefore, interest in reading must be grown in the community from an early age. Reading park community is an ideal place as an idea to play, learning and development of reading interest. Therefore, the introduction of reading park community in children from an early age discourse that presents books to children is one way to foster interest in reading for children. By growth habit of reading can boost the quality life-style, creativity, independence, struggle effort, and competitiveness next time. That reading park community can be a medium in promoting interest in reading for early childhood do several activities, namely: activities cooking contest, a bazaar of books and used clothing, drawing, coloring contest, reading stories and storytelling, training reading stories and storytelling for parents. In addition, there is a series of structuring reading park community for example, the addition of facilities and infrastructure, adding books to children, reading the management of park management system, organizing Reading Park, the design of the room. Such steps undertaken to encourage children and parents to come to the park to read, with their coming in the park to read, they know that there are many sources of interesting reading, with their interest in books and other reading materials are expected to encourage children to love reading
RADIATION EXPOSURE DURING THE ORBITAL AND INTERPLANETARY SPACEFLIGHTS: MONITORING AND PROTECTION
Authors: Samoylov A S , Ushakov I B , Shurshakov V A
Published: February 2019

This review presents actual knowledge and recent findings on the main sources of radiation exposure on human in space: galactic cosmic rays, Earth radiation belts and solar cosmic rays. Doses of radiation on the space station are in ~200 times higher than the average human exposure in ordinary terrestrial conditions. During yearlong flight on the International space station (ISS) astronaut receives a dose, which exceeds the limits in approximately 10 times (200 mSv/year) for nuclear industry worker. There is a further transformation of cosmic radiation field inside the body of the astronaut at the expense of organs' "self-shielding". These changes should be taken into account to estimate dose exposure on organs and effective dose. In order to compare with the standards the doses for the critical organs must be measured with the help of tissue-equivalent phantoms dummies. Authors consider such problems as phantom dose measurement in space experiments; irradiation through the spacesuit during the extravehicular activity; application of physical methods for the astronauts' protection and radiation exposure on the Moon and Mars. For the average "exit" with duration of ~5 hours with undisturbed conditions the astronaut receives a further 0.3-0.5 mSv, which is close to the average dose inside the station. Cosmic radiation on the Moon's surface is severer than, for example, on Mars. The radiation load on the surface of Mars is average