bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeling better when working with creative tools? Exploring the effects of a sketchnote intervention on students’ achievement emotions
Authors: Ohmes Laura , Schlesier Juliane , Moschner Barbara
Published: November 2024

Sketchnoting is a visual note taking strategy that combines written notations with drawings. The potential is seen, in particular, in providing space for enjoyable learning. Since empirical evidence on how sketchnoting effects emotions is currently limited, the present study examined how students’ achievement emotions change after a sketchnoting intervention and how students visualize text information in sketchnotes. In a mixed methods intervention study with fifth grade students (N = 99 students, Mage = 10.04 years, SD = 0.39, 55.91% female) the sketchnote group used sketchnoting in five German grammar lessons, whereas the control group learned the grammar content through writing. Repeated ANOVA measures revealed that after the intervention, negative emotions significantly decreased within the sketchnote group, but not within the control group. In addition, a qualitative content analysis of the sketchnotes showed that students created visual analogies and examples, that connect abstract terms with daily life experiences. The results support the idea that sketchnoting can decrease students’ negative achievement emotions and provides space for linking new learning content to real-world experiences.
Efficacy and safety of weekly liquid alendronate in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a 12-month, multi-center, randomized trial
Authors: Baek Seungjin , Ahn Seong Hee , Hong Namki , Seo Da Hea , Hong Seongbin , Rhee Yumie
Published: November 2024

Summary

This study compared liquid and tablet forms of alendronate for osteoporosis treatment. After 12 months, both forms increased bone density to a similar degree with no significant differences in side effects. New low-volume liquid alendronate is as effective as tablets, offering an alternative treatment option for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Purpose/Introduction

Alendronate, despite its significant efficacy, poses challenges due to complex administration protocols and patient compliance issues, underscoring the need for various formulations. This study compared the efficacy and safety of once-weekly low-volume liquid alendronate sodium trihydrate (ALN-S), an oral solution, to once-weekly alendronate sodium (ALN-T), an oral tablet, in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods

In a 12-month, multi-center, prospective, randomized, open-labeled, parallel trial conducted at two hospitals in Korea, 170 patients were randomized to alendronate solution (ALN-S) (N = 85) or alendronate tablet (ALN-T) (N = 85) groups. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) was measured at baseline and after 12 months. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome was the percentage change in BMD of the LS, evaluated for non-inferiority.

Results

After 12 months, both ALN-S and ALN-T groups exhibited a significant increase in LS, FN, and TH BMD, with no significant intergroup differences (ALN-S: LS 5.0 ± 0.6%, FN 1.8 ± 0.6%, TH 2.2 ± 0.5%; ALN-T: LS 5.2 ± 0.6%, FN 1.6 ± 0.6%, TH 1.8 ± 0.5%). ALN-S was found to be non-inferior to ALN-T for BMD change at LS (treatment difference: − 0.22%, 95% CI: − 1.84 to 1.40%), excluding the predefined non-inferiority margin of − 2.29%. Changes in BTMs did not differ significantly between groups. The frequency of adverse events was similar between groups.

Conclusion

Liquid alendronate was non-inferior to tablet alendronate in increasing BMD in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, presenting a viable alternative when the tablet form is limited in various clinical scenarios.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05387200).
Microstructure Development in Duplex Stainless Steels from Additive Manufacturing with Coaxial Directed Energy Deposition and Heat Treatment
Authors: Hassel Trond Arne , Marken Lene Anita , Arbo Siri Marthe , Rørvik Gisle , Du Qiang , Brøtan Vegard , Sørby Knut
Published: November 2024

Duplex stainless steels are widely used in offshore oil and gas, maritime, process, and nuclear industries as they deliver high corrosion resistance, toughness, and ductility, but they are sensitive to formation of brittle microstructures during additive manufacturing. This study has explored the microstructural development during heat treatment for three duplex stainless steel grades: 2205, 2209, and 2509, built by wire-fed coaxial directed energy deposition. The as-built and heat-treated microstructures (solution annealed at $$1020 \, {\text{to}}\,1170~^{\circ }$$

1020

to

1170

∘

C) have been studied and compared. The 2209 and 2509 grades produced more homogeneous microstructures with higher austenite fractions in the as-built condition than 2205. To avoid sigma phase precipitation, 2209 and 2509 had to be solution annealed at higher temperatures than conventional duplex and super duplex. The experimental findings were compared with volume fraction estimates from thermodynamic calculations. For 2209, both as-built and heat-treated materials were evaluated through hardness and Charpy impact toughness testing, revealing significantly improved toughness after heat treatment. Optimal heat treatments produced limited grain growth and fine-grained slightly spheroidized Widmanstätten austenite morphology without any detrimental phases. The presented results offer valuable insights for optimizing microstructure through heat treatment of additively manufactured duplex stainless steel.
Additive-Manufacturing-Induced Cell Structure in Stainless Steel 316L: 3D Morphology and Formation Mechanism
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Nadimpalli Venkata Karthik , Tiedje Niels Skat , Juul Jensen Dorte , Yu Tianbo
Published: November 2024

The 3D morphology of the additive-manufacturing-induced cell structure is characterized and its formation in austenitic stainless steel 316L fabricated by laser powder bed fusion is analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that the cell structure has a 3D prism-like morphology with a crystallography-dependent spatial orientation. The formation of the cell structure is discussed. It is proposed that both the liquid–solid transformation and thermal strain contribute to the formation: the initial cells form during the liquid–solid transformation, and the final dislocation cell structure is shaped by thermal-stress-induced deformation during cooling and subsequent thermal cycles.
Applying the Principles of Trauma-Informed Care to the Evaluation and Management of Patients Who Undergo Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Sarwer David B. , Schroeder Krista , Fischbach Sarah R. , Atwood Sophia M. , Heinberg Leslie J.
Published: November 2024

Evaluation of relevant psychosocial variables is an important aspect of comprehensive, high-quality metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) care. Given the high rates of adverse childhood experience (ACEs) and other forms of trauma experienced later in life reported by individuals with class III obesity, it is time to apply the principles of trauma-informed care to the multidisciplinary care of MBS patients. This narrative review begins with a summary of the literature on the psychosocial functioning of individuals who present for MBS. Emphasis is placed upon the relationship between ACEs, class III obesity, and MBS. Trauma-informed care is defined, and its principles are applied to the MBS care continuum. The paper ends with a recommendation on how the field of MBS can integrate trauma-informed care into clinical practice and future research.
Family Forest Landowners’ Preferences for Meeting Format and Outreach with Forest Professionals Post-COVID-19
Authors: Penn Jerrod , Gutierrez-Castillo Ana , Blazier Michael
Published: November 2024

Outreach to family forest landowners promotes sustainable forest management activities but shifting demographics may challenge the usefulness of conventional outreach approaches. COVID-19 also changed communication patterns, with unprecedented adoption of video conferencing (e.g., Zoom), creating a potential alternative for forestry professionals. We surveyed Arkansas and Louisiana family forest landowners using online and mail response options to understand their preferred meeting mode for participating in forestry outreach, ranging from in-person to online meetings, as well as their prior forest information sources and topics. Our findings show that over a third of landowners increased the use of video calls during COVID-19 and that two-thirds of landowners either prefer online meetings or are indifferent between online versus in-person meetings. Factors conducive of “in-person or online” and “online only” meetings include distance to forestland, increased video calling and past e-mail and social media use frequency, online survey response, individual ownership, past reforestation, and recreation objective. Online survey respondents represent a demographically different segment of forest landowners. Online methods will become increasingly attractive as a new generation of landowners takes over for forest management who have greater familiarity and use of online communication methods.
Detection of production relevant deviations in paint sprays
Authors: Tiedje Oliver , Paustian Stephan , Rosenkranz Simon , Hecker Meiko , Tropea Cameron
Published: November 2024

Spray painting is still a poorly manageable process due to the complex interaction of physical, chemical and environmental influences like turbulent air flows, strong electrostatic fields, complex viscosity of paints and paint booth conditions. Consequently, many important properties of the painted film, like thickness, color, surface structure and the efficiency of the process are not controllable in an adequate manner, despite the enormous economic ramifications of poor quality control in high volume applications, such as in the automotive industry. This study shows how novel, online spray monitoring can instantaneously generate characterizing quantities from the spray to detect harmful deviations in the process. In this study, several minute changes have been experimentally imposed on a paint system, such as changed paint viscosity or pigmentation, deviations in air flow and paint flow rates, and defective or used and worn equipment parts. It will be shown that all these deviations lead to features which allow a clear distinction from the intact and reference cases. Additionally, it is shown that most of the deviations, if not detected, would have led to quality issues of the paint coating.
Need satisfaction matters: The role of need satisfaction at work in work-related rumination
Authors: Manuoglu Elif , Dalgar Ilker , Máčalová Vendula , Šmilňák Richard
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is twofold. First, it evaluates the psychometric properties of the Czech adaptation of the Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale-Work Domain (BPNSFS-W). Second, the link between work-related rumination and work-related need satisfaction was examined. Three forms of work-related rumination, namely, affective rumination, pondering, and detachment were hypothesized to have distinct associations with the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs at work. There were 278 employees (67% female, Mage= 40.22, SD = 12.98) completing an online survey. CFA confirmed the three-factor model of both WRRQ and BPNSFS-W. Moreover, the measurement invariance of both scales was investigated across gender. The BPNSFS-W has measurement invariance, and WRRQ has partial measurement invariance across females and males. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that while competence did not predict any form of WRR, relatedness positively predicted detachment. Moreover, autonomy positively predicted pondering and negatively predicted affective rumination. Findings suggest that the WRRQ and BPNSFS-W are promising instruments for future research and practice in the Czech context.
Locoregional therapy of oligometastatic breast cancer
Authors: Fitzal Florian
Published: November 2024

Oligometastastic disease has been defined as not more than five metastases found in radiological workup within not more than two different distant organs of the body [1]. Starting in 1995, several authors claimed that local treatment, especially radiotherapy, may have a positive impact on oligometastatic patients. However, prospective trials demonstrated that local therapy of nonsymptomatic metastases should not be routinely offered as there is no survival benefit. Surgical resection of primary breast cancer in synchronous stage IV disease should also not be offered. However, there is a window of opportunity for men and women with synchronous oligometastatic disease where a true R0 resection by treating metastases as well as the primary cancer may be achieved. These cases need to be discussed within a multidisciplinary team (MDT) conference and should be included in new trials.
A domain adaptation technique through cluster boundary integration
Authors: Devagiri Vishnu Manasa , Boeva Veselka , Abghari Shahrooz
Published: November 2024

Many machine learning models deployed on smart or edge devices experience a phase where there is a drop in their performance due to the arrival of data from new domains. This paper proposes a novel unsupervised domain adaptation algorithm called DIBCA++ to deal with such situations. The algorithm uses only the clusters’ mean, standard deviation, and size, which makes the proposed algorithm modest in terms of the required storage and computation. The study also presents the explainability aspect of the algorithm. DIBCA++ is compared with its predecessor, DIBCA, and its applicability and performance are studied and evaluated in two real-world scenarios. One is coping with the Global Navigation Satellite System activation problem from the smart logistics domain, while the other identifies different activities a person performs and deals with a human activity recognition task. Both scenarios involve time series data phenomena, i.e., DIBCA++ also contributes towards addressing the current gap regarding domain adaptation solutions for time series data. Based on the experimental results, DIBCA++ has improved performance compared to DIBCA. The DIBCA++ has performed better in all human activity recognition task experiments and 82.5% of experimental scenarios on the smart logistics use case. The results also showcase the need and benefit of personalizing the models using DIBCA++, along with the ability to transfer new knowledge between domains, leading to improved performance. The adapted source and target models have performed better in 70% and 80% of cases in an experimental scenario conducted on smart logistics.
Event Classification on Subsea Pipeline Inspection Data Using an Ensemble of Deep Learning Classifiers
Authors: Dang Truong , Nguyen Tien Thanh , Liew Alan Wee-Chung , Elyan Eyad
Published: November 2024

Subsea pipelines are the backbone of the modern oil and gas industry, transporting a total of 28% of global oil production. Due to several factors, such as corrosion or deformations, the pipelines might degrade over time, which might lead to serious economic and environmental damages if not addressed promptly. Therefore, it is crucial to detect any serious damage to subsea pipelines before they cause dangerous catastrophes. Inspections of subsea pipelines are usually made using a Remote Operating Vehicle and the inspection data is usually processed manually, which is subject to human errors, and requires experienced Remote Operating Vehicle operators. It is thus necessary to automate the inspection process to enable more efficiency as well as reduce costs. Besides, it is recognised that specific challenges of noisy and low-quality inspection data arising from the underwater environment prevent the industry from taking full advantage of the recent development in the Artificial Intelligence field to the problem of subsea pipeline inspection. In this paper, we developed an ensemble of deep learning classifiers to further improve the performance of single deep learning models in classifying anomalous events on the subsea pipeline inspection data. The output of the proposed ensemble was combined based on a weighted combining method. The weights of base classifiers were found by minimising the difference between the weighted combining result and the given associated ground truth annotation information. Three inspection datasets, gathered from different oil and gas companies in the United Kingdom, were analysed. These datasets were recorded under varying conditions and include a range of anomalies. The results showed that the proposed ensemble achieves around 78% accuracy on two datasets and more than 99% accuracy on one dataset, which is better compared to base classifiers and two popular ensembles.
The Role of Panendoscopy in Primary Diagnostics of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Jordan Katherina , Ritschl Lucas , Fichter Andreas , Wolff Klaus Dietrich , Greber Lukas , Nieberler Markus
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Panendoscopy is known as a standard procedure in the staging of oral cavity cancer (OCC), which is intended to rule out synchronous second carcinomas (SSC) (Metzger K et al in J Craniomaxillofac Surg 47(12):1968–1972, 2019; Priante et al. in Curr Oncol Rep 13(2):132–137, 2011; Stoeckli et al. in Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 124(2):208–212, 2001; Sharma et al in Laryngorhinootologie 92(3):166–169, 2013). However, the value in relation to the detection of SSC in the upper aerodigestive tract is questionable (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mund- Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie (DGMKG), S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie des Mundhöhlenkarzinoms. https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/mundhoehlenkarzinom/, 2021). The aim of the study was to redefine the role of panendoscopy in the staging of OCC—not only with regard to the detection of SSC—as the arrangement of panendoscopy is subject to further influencing factors. In addition, the diagnostic added value and effects on the therapy of the index tumor were elicited.

Material and methods

A retrospective review of 191 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OCC was conducted, between January 2018 and December 2019, at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the clinic of the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Panendoscopy included inspection and palpation of the oral cavity and oropharynx, epipharyngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy, and rigid esophagoscopy.

Results

The following parameters had a statistically significant influence on the decision to perform panendoscopy in primary diagnostics: risk factors, ENT status, and imaging. Panendoscopy was indicated in the primary diagnostics due to a suspicion of an SSC in 22.5% of patients and due to recurrence in 29%. The exact determination of localization and assessment of tumor extent was the decisive indicator for panendoscopy in 25.8% of patients. Of the 31 panendoscopies performed, a tissue sample was obtained in 67.7% (n = 21); none of the suspected cases proved to be an SSC.

Conclusion

Panendoscopy in the primary diagnostics of OCC should not be routinely indicated (Koerdt et al in Anticancer Res 41(4):2039–2044, 2021), but should be indicated on an as-needed basis, taking patient-specific criteria into account. In addition to ENT status and imaging, the risk factors of smoking and alcohol should be considered. In patients with unremarkable mirror and radiological findings and no risk factors, panendoscopy can be omitted without further risk (Metzger K et al in J Craniomaxillofac Surg 47(12):1968–1972, 2019; Koerdt et al in Anticancer Res 41(4):2039–2044, 2021).
Riverine Cu-distribution in sediments of the Jaba-Kawerong river system 30 years after cease of mining at Panguna/Bougainville
Authors: Sindern Sven , Küpper Nina , Müller Axel , Knisch Irina , Adolffs Tim , Stanjek Helge , Thüns Nicolai
Published: November 2024

The investigation of surface and river sediments over 30 years after the cease of large scale Cu and Au mining operation at Panguna (Bougainville) shows the impact of mining and tailings disposal on the associated riverine environment. While Zn, Pb and Cd have elevated concentrations in the former mining area and are low (< 100, < 28, < 1 mg/kg, respectively) in sediment of the Jaba-Kawerong river system, Cu represents the dominant environmental metal emission. Sediments of active streams and overbank deposits range between 1000 and 3000 mg/kg Cu. Most samples exceed freshwater sediment or soil quality guideline values, indicating the probability of toxic effects on sediment dwelling or aquatic organisms and ecological or health risks associated to agricultural use of the former mining area and floodplains. Copper in surface and river sediments is associated to bornite, chalcopyrite and chloritized biotite of the primary Panguna ore mineral assemblage. This attests to ongoing remobilization of sediment and/or reflects mobilization of additional Cu bearing material from the waste rock dump of the Panguna mine. Copper in surface and river sediments is also contained in secondary Cu-phases such as covellite as well as hydrated basic Cu-sulfates, which formed under locally variable redox conditions. Fe-oxihydroxides, occurring in variable abundance as reflected by Fe concentrations between 18,200 and 379,000 mg/kg (Mn 145–3086 mg/kg), can be identified as further Cu-carriers, taking up the metal from the aqueous phase in the sedimentary pore space. Mine derived input of Cu bearing minerals is confined to the sedimentary body of the Jaba-Kawerong river system. The diversity of Cu bearing phases with different environmental and processing properties sets constraints on re-processing sediments as secondary Cu-ores or re-using of sediments as building material.
How Well Do Endemic Wetland Plant Species Perform in Water Purification?
Authors: Frenzel Philip , Brunings Olivia , Esler Karen J. , le Maitre David , Rebelo Alanna J.
Published: November 2024

Rising anthropogenic-induced nutrient enrichment of surface waters is of great concern globally as it jeopardizes the ecological integrity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Floating wetlands have been successfully used to treat nutrient enriched wastewater in developing nations, and provide additional co-benefits. We aimed to quantify the nutrient removal efficiency of high-potential, endemic wetland species on floating wetlands in different conditions and to understand whether the nutrient uptake process was characterised by key plant functional traits. Two experiments were run under Mediterranean-climate conditions of the Western Cape of South Africa: (1) a closed, oligotrophic mesocosm experiment representing local conditions and (2) a real-life (in-situ) eutrophic application. The mesocosm experiment conducted under oligotrophic local conditions yielded low nitrate, phosphate and ammonium removal rates (34.8–35.2 mgNO3-Nm− 2.d− 1, 10.4–10.7 mgPO4-Pm− 2.d− 1 and 3.6–3.8 mgNH4-Nm−2.d− 1) in comparison to other floating wetland studies globally, yet high removal efficiencies (> 90%). However the eutrophic in-situ experiment demonstrated the potential for these same endemic plants to remove up to 312 g.m− 2 of nitrogen and 47 g.m− 2 of phosphorus per year– which is relatively high compared to similar global research. Cyperus textilis had the highest daily nutrient uptake and content followed by Prionium serratum and Juncus lomatophyllus, while J. lomatophyllus had the greatest nutrient uptake efficiency. Two of the three species (C. textilis and P. serratum) stored significantly more total nutrients in their shoot tissue compared to their root tissue, suggesting that the permanent removal of nutrients from the system is possible through shoot harvesting. Floating wetlands planted with endemic plant species have the potential to remove nutrients effectively and sustainably from eutrophic water and can thus be implemented as low-cost nature-based solutions to mitigate pollution of lentic systems.
Maintenance optimization based on modified FMECA: a case study applied to a spinning factory
Authors: ElKasrawy Nepal H. , Farouk Hala A. , Youssef Yehia M.
Published: November 2024

Maintenance expenditures contribute to a considerable part of the cost in industrial companies. Accordingly, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) is used to rationalize the efforts and expenditures dedicated to the maintenance of engineering systems by ranking different industrial systems’ components regarding their criticality to keep them operating reliably. In this study, additional operational parameters were considered to improve the FMECA-derived maintenance schedule, which is anticipated to result in a large reduction in maintenance costs, since the majority of the examined articles discussed their investigations using the commonly used FMECA. As a case study, two main machines of a spinning factory are selected. FMECA application entails possible failure modes analysis of each component. Relative failure mode frequency and severities are obtained from consulting experienced engineers’ and managers’ opinions. Accordingly, the corresponding criticality index is calculated. Risk Priority Number (RPN) is employed to rank different machine components regarding their criticalities and a Relative Risk Priority Number (RRPN) is proposed to decide their most appropriate maintenance policy after considering the operational parameters.
A novel hybrid fuzzy analytical hierarchy process–game theory model for prioritizing factors affecting the deterioration of water pipelines
Authors: Abdelkader Eslam Mohammed , Zayed Tarek , Elshaboury Nehal
Published: November 2024

Water pipes face significant aging and degradation problems due to several pipe-related, soil-related, operational, and environmental factors. Hence, the paramount objective of this research paper is to prioritize the criticality of the factors affecting the deterioration of water pipes in Hong Kong. The framework of the developed model is envisioned based on two main modules, namely weight computation and weight aggregation. The first module incorporates identifying and categorizing water deterioration factors. Then, the relative importance priorities of water deterioration factors are scrutinized using seven weight computation methods. These methods encompass analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Monte Carlo AHP, fuzzy AHP, magnitude-based fuzzy AHP, total difference-based fuzzy AHP, spherical fuzzy AHP and Pythagorean fuzzy AHP. In this regard, fuzzy-based and Monte Carlo-based methods are leveraged to circumvent the critical shortcomings of classical AHP. The performances of weight computation methods are analyzed using statistical evaluation indicators of satisfactory index (SAT) and distance between weights (WD). The second module is a hybrid meta-heuristic-based game theory model designated for compiling the importance weights of deterioration factors obtained from the first module. In this context, a set of widely acclaimed meta-heuristics are exploited and examined for optimizing the significance of deterioration factors. Analytical results exemplified that soil-related factors implicate the deterioration process more than pipe-related, operational-related, and environmental-related factors. It was also inferred that water pressure (6.64%) is the most significant factor influencing water pipe deterioration followed by internal corrosion and protection method (6.11%), and then soil corrosivity (6.05%). On the other hand, length (1.93%), rain deficit (1.97%), and street block length (2.33%) constitute the least influencers on water pipe deterioration. Results also demonstrated that spherical FAHP outperformed other variants of AHP accomplishing SAT and WD of 0.065 and 0.057, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed that particle swarm optimization-based game theory is a better mechanism than the remainder of meta-heuristic-based game theory models in obtaining a more accurate compromised-based weighting vector to the experts’ judgments. It is envisaged that this research can assist the water supplies department in identifying, assessing, and prioritizing the impairment causes of water pipelines in Hong Kong. It can also aid in establishing more accurate deterioration models and more cost-effective maintenance intervention programs.
Flight testing of laser-optical techniques for future optical air data sensors
Authors: Kliebisch Oliver , Lorbeer Raoul-Amadeus , Mahnke Peter , Damm Matthias , Dietz Georg , Fuchs Thomas , Burwitz Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Optical air data sensors, which can serve as alternatives or supplements to traditional air data systems, have been a subject of ongoing research. These remote sensing optical sensors offer the advantage of measuring primary air data parameters in undisturbed airflow. As active sensors, they can self-diagnose, associating each measurement with an uncertainty and accounting for signal loss due to factors such as icing or light blocking, thus avoiding silent false measurements. In this paper, we discuss a recent flight test campaign of optical measurement techniques for potential development into air data sensors for future aircraft. We used laser Doppler anemometry, which relies on aerosol scattering of laser light, to observe the Doppler shift of scattered light from multiple directions. This enables the reconstruction of the full wind vector and the retrieval of true air speed, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip. A second instrument used tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, which measures an individual transition of molecular oxygen in the A band, in order to extract the static pressure from the observed collisional broadening. The techniques were implemented as airborne research instruments on the DLR’s Dassault Falcon 20 aircraft and tested in two campaigns in 2022 under different atmospheric conditions and dynamic maneuvers. We present results from these campaigns, focusing on general sensor performance, measurement rates, accuracy, and experimental challenges that need to be addressed for future applications.
Spatial synergies for urban foraging: A South African example
Authors: Sardeshpande Mallika , Shackleton Charlie
Published: November 2024

Urban foraging for wild plant and animal products is increasingly recognised for its multiple benefits for people and nature stewardship. Planning for foraging in urban greenspace is one way that foraging can be made more accessible, beneficial, and equitable. Here, we explore how foraging could be recognised and provided for in urban municipalities in eastern South Africa. We synthesise forager and land manager interviews, policy analysis, and iterative discussions to develop four land use configurations under which foraging could be planned for. Design principles for community-based natural resource management are used to assess the feasibility of each configuration. We identify stakeholders who would be involved in governing each configuration, and how urban foraging can co-produce desirable outcomes for their priorities. We list locally-specific actions to enable collaborative greenspace governance through urban foraging. We suggest some generally applicable design considerations and implications for each of the four configurations.
Host-parasite interactions between Xenoglossa pruinosa (Apidae: Eucerini) and Triepeolus remigatus (Apidae: Epeolini) are characterized by tolerance and avoidance
Authors: Sandoval-Arango Stephania , Baker Thomas C. , López-Uribe Margarita M.
Published: November 2024

In cleptoparasitic bees, host aggression and detection avoidance might be the main selective pressures shaping host-parasite interactions. However, the behavioral responses toward parasitism are unknown for most host species. In this study, we investigated the host-parasite interactions and behaviors of the cleptoparasitic bee Triepeolus remigatus when parasitizing the nests of its host, the squash bee Xenoglossa (Peponapis) pruinosa. Using circle-tube behavioral assays and direct observations at a nest aggregation of X. pruinosa, we assessed whether interactions between host and parasite were aggressive, tolerant, or avoidant and characterized the general parasitic behavior of T. remigatus. Our results reveal a lack of aggression between host and cuckoo bees, with interactions primarily characterized by tolerant and avoidant behaviors. Squash bees displayed minimal aggression toward both conspecifics and parasites. Interestingly, despite the absence of aggressive responses, T. remigatus preferred entering nests while the host was foraging, potentially indicating a strategy to avoid the discovery of parasitic visits. Furthermore, field observations provided insights into the parasitic behavior of T. remigatus, revealing primarily rapid visits to host nests without extensive inspection. The limited aggression and short time for nest visits observed in T. remigatus suggest adaptations to optimize parasitic success while minimizing host detection. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of open-cell parasites and provide a first accounting of the squash bee behavior when encountering parasitic bees. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying host-parasite coevolution and response to parasitism in ground-nesting bees.
Transition from primary to lower secondary school in Austria. Findings from a longitudinal study during COVID-19
Authors: Berger Fred , Kraler Christian , Schreiner Claudia
Published: November 2024

Transition from the familiar environment of primary school to the larger, more complex setting of secondary school is, for most students, marked by social and academic challenges as well as a need to fit in. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the possible impact of achievement-related personal resources and social support in coping with the developmental task of transitioning from primary to lower secondary school during COVID-19. We make the assumption that a sudden shift to distance learning due to the pandemic intensified the challenges of transitioning to secondary school and led to educational disadvantage, in particular for students who were struggling with the demands of self-regulated distance learning.

Data were generated from a longitudinal study carried out in a rural-alpine region of Austria in 2021 and 2022. During the time where COVID-19 was affecting education, 188 pupils were surveyed in the year prior to and after their transition from primary to lower secondary school. In order to analyse the impact of achievement-related personal resources and social support, a multivariate hierarchical regression analysis was conducted.

Results showed that managing the transition to lower secondary school relied heavily upon pupils’ ability to cope with self-regulatory demands of distance learning, their achievement-related personal resources and social integration in class in primary school. However, from the findings, we can conclude that social support in secondary school also plays an important role. The ability to cope with social and academic demands in secondary school is at a higher level when pupils receive school-related support from their parents, recognise their school climate as supportive and perceive their teachers’ expertise in judging academic achievements as high.
Parental warmth in mother-child dyads and children’s emotional adjustment during secondary-school transition: a longitudinal investigation on bidirectional relationships
Authors: Gniewosz Gabriela , Gniewosz Burkhard
Published: November 2024

The transition from primary to secondary school affects children’s psychological functioning, necessitating resources for (post-)transition adaptation. Maternal warmth serves as a valuable resource, buffering against negative transition effects on emotional adjustment. Nevertheless, little is understood about the bidirectional effects of (divergent) mother-child reports on emotional adjustment during the transition to secondary school. Data from 2101 German children (48.8% female, Mage T1 = 8.57, SDage = 0.58) and their mothers (Mage T1 = 36.28, SDage = 4.49) from the pairfam panel, collected over seven annual waves from the children’s 3rd to 9th grades, were used. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were employed to examine within-family cross-lagged effects. The findings suggest that early in the transition to secondary school, low levels of maternal warmth and heightened emotional problems in children tend to co-occur and mutually reinforce each other over time. However, discrepancies in perceptions between mothers and children appear to have positive normative consequences rather than enduring negative impacts on children, particularly before the transition to secondary school. The results are discussed considering the progressing school transition, with additional developmental changes, such as puberty, potentially leading to changes in perceived and actual maternal warmth and emotional problems in children.
Lehrerhandeln als Entscheiden – eine praxeologisch-wissenssoziologische Konzeptualisierung des Professionswissens von Lehrpersonen
Authors: Bakels Elena , Bonnet Andreas , Hericks Uwe
Published: November 2024

In unserem Beitrag stellen wir erste empirische Ergebnisse aus unserem Forschungsprojekt „Professionalisierung von Lehrpersonen der Fächer Mathematik und Englisch“ (ProME) vor. Wir untersuchen die Frage, wie Lehrpersonen zu ihren alltäglichen Handlungsentscheidungen kommen und welche Rolle (organisationale, gesellschaftliche und fachbezogene) Normen in diesen Entscheidungsprozessen spielen. Als Erhebungs- und Auswertungsmethode dienen das episodische Interview und die Dokumentarische Methode. Metatheoretische Grundlage ist eine (Neu‑)Fassung des Entscheidungsbegriffs: Entscheidungen werden an die Definition des Orientierungsrahmens im weiteren Sinne der Praxeologischen Wissenssoziologie nach Bohnsack angebunden und mit Bezugnahme auf Luhmann als mit Kontingenzreduktion verbundene Reaktionen auf Erwartungen verstanden. In den empirischen Analysen dieses Beitrags fokussieren wir auf eine Englisch- und zwei Mathematiklehrpersonen und zeigen, wie diese in Entscheidungsprozessen routinisiert Habitus-Norm-Spannungen bearbeiten, was uns einen Zugang zum Orientierungsrahmen im weiteren Sinne eröffnet. Davon unterscheiden lassen sich nicht-routinisierten Entscheidungen, in welchen wir ein Potenzial für Transformationen des Habitus sehen.
A newly developed method for assessing co-exposure to free dose combinations: a proof-of-concept study using antihypertensive medications in Danish registers
Authors: Barbieri Maria Antonietta , Nielsen Sidse Marie Neumann , Rossi Andrea , Olmastroni Elena , Casula Manuela , Spina Edoardo , Sessa Maurizio
Published: November 2024

Background

Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for severe medical conditions. Adherence to antihypertensive medication, especially in free-dose combinations, poses a significant challenge. This study aims to develop a novel method for assessing co-exposure to free-dose antihypertensive medications using secondary data sources.

Methods

A register-based cohort study was conducted on individuals aged 65 years or older in Denmark who initiated antihypertensive therapy from 1996 to 2016 and followed for 730 days from the index date. A new method was developed to assess co-exposure to antihypertensive medications through redeemed prescriptions, treatment episodes, and overlapping medication events. The method's accuracy was evaluated using a random sample of 400 individuals.

Results

A total of 1,021,819 individuals were included in the study, with a mean age of 68.8 years, and 53.7% were women. The method achieved 100% accuracy in identifying co-exposure periods. During the early stage of the follow-up (0–180 days), 54.1% of individuals were co-exposed to at least two antihypertensive medications, while 37.5% were co-exposed during the late stage of the follow-up period (181–730 days). The most frequent antihypertensive combinations included bendroflumethiazide and potassium with either amlodipine or enalapril in the early (13.2% and 12.5% of patients, respectively) and late stages (16.9% and 15.0% of patients, respectively).

Conclusions

The newly developed method effectively assesses co-exposure to antihypertensive medications, overcoming previous limitations. The findings reveal common co-exposure combinations and evolving trends in antihypertensive medication use among older individuals, reflecting changes in clinical practice and guidelines over two decades.
Stress shadow effects in multistage horizontal hydrofracturing of tight reservoirs: a numerical analysis considering perforation cluster spacings and fracturing sequences
Authors: Ju Yang , Song Jinxin , Wang Yongliang
Published: November 2024

Multistage horizontal fracturing technology of reservoirs has been widely used to enhance tight hydrocarbon resource recovery. Determining the proper perforation cluster spacing is crucial to developing a complex fracture network that connects natural rock fractures and facilitates gas flow in reservoirs. The stress shadow effect that occurs between multiple clusters has a significant effect on the development of the fracture network in reservoirs. The quantification of the stress shadow effect and its influences on the development of fracture networks has not been resolved satisfactorily due to experimental and numerical difficulties with detecting and identifying crack propagation and intersection in deep reservoirs. In this study, we used an adaptive finite element-discrete element method to analyze crack propagation and intersection in tight shale reservoirs by altering perforation spacings and fracture sequences. The effects of five perforation cluster spacings using sequential, simultaneous and parallel fracturing techniques were compared. The non-linear properties of shales, hydromechanical coupling and fluid leak-off effects, proppant transport, dual-rupture criteria of strength and energy, and intersection of hydraulic fractures were taken into account in the simulation. The areas affected by the stress shadow and the optimum perforation cluster spacing in terms of hydraulic fracture propagation lengths, volumes, and microseismic magnitudes were evaluated when adopting different fracturing methods. This study extends the understanding of the impact of the different independent factors that contribute to the stress shadow effect and, therefore, provides new information to help guide wellbore completion design in horizontal fracturing wells.
A structural equation modeling approach to leveraging the power of extant sentiment analysis tools
Authors: Lebakula Viswadeep , Porter Ben , Stubbs-Richardson Megan , Ray Taylor , Cosby Arthur , Bethel Cindy
Published: November 2024

Machine-derived sentiment analysis has become a pervasive and useful tool to address a wide array of issues in natural language processing. Leading technology companies such as Google now provide sentiment analysis tools (SATs) as readily accessible online products. Academic researchers develop and make available SATs to support the research enterprise. One of the major challenges with SATs is the inconsistencies in results among the various SATs. Consequently, the selection of a SAT for a specific purpose may significantly impact the application. This study addresses the foregoing problem by utilizing structural equation modeling to merge the outputs of SATs to develop a combined sentiment metric without the need for a labeled training dataset. This method is applicable to a wide range of text-based problems, is data-driven, and replicable. It was tested using three publicly available datasets and compared against seven different SATs. The results indicate that as a continous measure, the proposed method outperformed other SATs in the movie reviews and SemEval datasets, and achieved a tie for first place with IBM Watson on the Sentiment 140 dataset. Also, compared to the published major alternatives, the arithmetic mean solution, this approach performed better across these three datasets.
Cav3.3-mediated endochondral ossification in a three-dimensional bioprinted GelMA hydrogel
Authors: Wang Zhi , Wang Xin , Huang Yang , Yang Junjun , Wan Zu , Fu Zhenlan , Gong Xiaoyuan , Chen Guangxing , Yang Liu
Published: November 2024

软骨内成骨

软骨内成骨 (EO) 是生长板组织内介导长骨发育的重要生物学过程. 骨类器官能够模拟天然生长板中组织结构与细胞间通信的生理功能, 是一种潜在的长骨发育研究模型. 但如何有效模拟EO过程一直是骨类器官构建中尚未解决的核心难题. 为了模拟EO这一有序的矿化过程, 本文首次揭示了T型电压依赖性钙通道 (T-VDCC) 的Cav3.3亚型在EO过程中主要表达于软骨细胞, 并且与软骨细胞的肥大分化呈负相关这一生物学机制, 并基于此机制设计了负载shCav3.3 ATDC5细胞的明胶甲基丙烯酰 (GelMA) 水凝胶生物墨水, 且进一步评估了这种生物墨水的生物打印性能. 最后, 本研究通过负载Cav3.3敲低的软骨细胞构建了GelMA水凝胶模型, 成功在体外模拟了EO过程, 为构建分层有序矿化的骨类器官提供了一种新型的生物墨水. 因此, 本研究不仅为骨类器官构建中的EO进程调控提供了潜在的研究靶点, 也为模拟EO过程提供了新的策略.
Time-Optimal Guidance Laws Using a Frequency Domain Approach for Spacecraft Rendezvous
Authors: Oh Seungryeol , Bang Hyochoong
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a novel approach to solving the time-optimal rendezvous problem for spacecraft in orbit. Initially, the characteristics of the time-optimal rendezvous solution in the in-plane motion of the relative equations of motion are analyzed using the direct collocation method. A time-delay filter is designed in the frequency domain using the analysis results. And then, it transforms the time-optimal control problem into a parameter optimization problem. By solving this optimization problem, the switching times of the bang–bang control profile can be determined. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined through various simulations, demonstrating its ability to resolve the discontinuities caused by the bang–bang control profile while also being effectively applicable under various boundary conditions. Additionally, the proposed method turns out to be robust against disturbances through real-time application.
Digital business world and ethical dilemmas: a systematic literature review
Authors: Fülöp Melinda Timea , Ionescu Constantin Aurelian , Topor Dan Ioan
Published: November 2024

The digital transition in the business world emerged as a necessity during the health crisis. Along with businesses transitioning into the innovative digital sphere, ethical issues also appeared. To switch to new technologies, companies must not only be aware of but also engage in digital practices and, last but not least, consider the importance of ethics. Talking about ethics in business is easy since we have a series of guidelines. It becomes more complicated when we face digital ethics and robots that do not have morals. Such a transition requires companies to rethink and innovate their business models and how they offer their customers value, while simultaneously considering digital ethical matters and even environmental and social aspects. This systematic literature review highlights—from the company's perspective—the key topics that characterize digitalization and the crucial role of ethics, describing the internal and external factors to consider in transition processes. The research results propose a series of guidelines but also open up new research opportunities to facilitate the digital transition in the business environment while respecting its ethical aspects. The main contribution of the research is to the specialist literature, deepening the topic and identifying some key aspects regarding the crucial role of ethics in the digital transition.