bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric and Colorimetric Quantitation of Neomycin Using Nanosilver‐Fluorescein Hybrid: A Comprehensive Assessment of Greenness and Blueness
Authors: El‐Didamoony Mai A. , Elkady Ehab F. , Sayed Rawda M. , Batakoushy Hany A. , Mostafa Eman A.
Published: January 2025

Two versatile yet simple methods, colorimetric and spectrofluorimetric, were utilized for the quantitation of nonchromophore neomycin using silver nanoparticles modified with fluorescein. Fluorescein was excited at 485 nm (emission at 515 nm); when it is deposited on the surface of silver nanoparticles, its fluorescence intensity at 515 nm is quenched. Neomycin restores the fluorescence level at 515 nm by displacing fluorescein from nanoparticle binding sites. When neomycin reacts with silver nanoparticles modified with fluorescein, it causes reduction of silver nanoparticles' plasmon resonance surface band at 395 nm and changes of the solution's color from yellow to pale pink. For the spectrofluorimetric and colorimetric techniques, the calibration graphs with a linearity range of 5–45 ng/mL and 0.5–10 μg/mL, respectively. The suggested techniques were used to determine neomycin in neomycin tablets, yielding mean recovery of 99.696 ± 0.764 and 99.925 ± 1.515 for the spectrofluorimetric and colorimetric methods, respectively. The established techniques were validated according to the ICH guidelines. Analytical greenness calculator (AGREE) along with greenness tool for sample preparation (AGREEprep) was used to evaluate how environmentally friendly the sample preparation and analytical process were. In addition, the suggested approaches' practicality is assessed using the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI).
Drivers of Palliative Care and Hospice Use Among Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Edmonds Megan C. , Mazor Melissa , Jain Mayuri , Li Lihua , Augustin Marsha , Morillo José , Allen Olivia S. , Avril Amina , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Smith Cardinale B.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Despite rigorous evidence of improved quality of life and longer survival, disparities in the utilization of palliative and hospice care persist for racial and ethnic minority patients with cancer. This study evaluated the impact of psychosocial factors on utilization of these services.

Methods

Patients with advanced lung cancer were recruited at a large academic urban hospital. Patients were surveyed about their knowledge of palliative care and hospice and their beliefs regarding medical mistrust, lung cancer care, palliative care and hospice. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between mistrust, knowledge and beliefs among the entire cohort and minority (Black and Hispanic) and non‐minority patients on utilization of palliative care consultation and hospice care use.

Results

Ninety‐nine of the enrolled participants had a mean age of 64 years. Minority patients were more likely to receive a palliative care referral (p < 0.001) and attend a consult (p = 0.003). Similarly, they were more likely to receive a hospice referral (p = 0.04), however there was no difference in hospice care use based on minority status (p = 0.102). In our adjusted model, older patients and those reporting negative lung cancer beliefs were more likely to receive hospice care (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.004–1.138; OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.002–1.093, respectively).

Conclusion

Minority patients with advanced lung cancer were more likely to receive a palliative care referral and specialty level consultation when compared to non‐minority patients. Our work highlights the importance of proactive referral processes in facilitating access to palliative and hospice services, particularly among younger patients.
A Rare Case of Prurigo Pigmentosa in Iranian Sibling Couple
Authors: Al‐Zahawi Saman , Saberi Fatemeh , Azhari Vahidesadat , Kamyab Kambiz , Balighi Kamran
Published: January 2025

Prurigo Pigmentosa is a rare inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin, characterized by pruritic, erythematous papules on the chest, back, neck, and anterior abdomen. The eruption resolves with reticular hyperpigmentation that cosmetically affects the patient's quality of life. Previous reports highlighted the role of the Ketogenic diet in triggering the disease in young female patients, however, no study reported the occurrence of Prurigo Pigmentosa in siblings of one family, unrelated to a ketogenic diet. Here, we report two sisters diagnosed with Prurigo Pigmentosa without undergoing a Ketogenic diet.
Combination of Bio‐ and Organometallic Catalysis for the Synthesis of Dioxolanes in Organic Solvents
Authors: Nicolas Maria , Gaelings Niklas , Wiesenthal Jan , von Westarp William Graf , Pehlivanlar Benjamin , Pischinger Stefan , Jupke Andreas , Klankermayer Jürgen , Rother Dörte
Published: January 2025

In the catalytic conversion of renewable raw materials, it is essential to adapt the reaction media to match the complexity of substrates. Recently, integrated bio‐ and organometallic catalysis processes have emerged; however, only a few operate in purely organic solvents, which would be advantageous for more energy‐efficient processes. In this study, we present a process using one enzymatic step and two organometallic steps to produce the cyclic acetals 4,5‐dipropyl‐1,3‐dioxolane and 4,5‐dibutyl‐1,3‐dioxolane in a single organic solvent. The enzymatic step, in which a lyase is used, starts from the aldehyde, butanal orpentanal, and forms the 2‐hydroxy ketones butyroin or valeroin, respectively. Subsequently, two organometallic steps were carried out sequentially in one reaction vessel. In a first step, the 2‐hydroxy ketones are hydrogenated to 4,5‐octanediol and 5,6‐decanediol and in the second step the dioxolanes are formed by using hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Either formic acid or polyoxymethylene was used as an alternative carbon source to CO2, which allowed considerable raw material flexibility. Since these dioxolanes are being investigated as additives in biofuel blends, the derived cetane number of the synthesized compounds was measured in addition to the viscosity and density. The cetane numbers determined suggest that the produced dioxolanes could be used as additives in fuel blends.
Microbubble Plasma Processing for N‐Fertigation via Plasma Catalysis
Authors: Zhuang Changping , Long Nguyen Van Duc , Tran Nam Nghiep , Zhang Tianqi , Cullen Patrick , Akay Galip , Hessel Volker
Published: January 2025

Plasma can use intermittent renewable energy and abundant use of air to produce N‐fertilizers, with option of decentralized production “at‐farm”. Plasma can generate both nitrate and ammonia (NH3) as key platform molecules toward all N‐fertilizers, including urea and ammonium nitrate. The most convenient way is to produce a “performance chemical” at the farm site. This is a fertigation solution that is ready to be pumped to the farm fields. This study reports about using a nonthermal plasma to generate nitrate and NH3 in presence of water, in which these are immediately absorbed; creating a fertigation solution, termed in literature “plasma activated water (PAW)”. Both air and nitrogen plasmas have been used. The N‐content has been optimized by a process‐parametric study, yielding the second‐best result reported in literature and the best when concerning scale‐up ability. Strategic catalyst studies have been conducted, in terms of plasma‐catalysis synergy, varying the type of catalyst and the location of catalyst. Silica‐supported single/binary metal catalysts and γ‐alumina powder catalysts were used. Distinct catalyst placements inside the plasma electrode zone (glow or spark) and outside in the gas–liquid reactor were tested; with the aid of supports and without. We used proprietary NH3 and N‐fixation catalysts besides specific commercial catalysts. Increasing the N‐fixation performance by about 70% as compared to noncatalytic processing, the study used a recycling loop to further boost the N‐fertilizer concentration. A plasma‐catalyst synergy was determined by structural changes of the catalyst transiently (during plasma operation). This laboratory study achieved a result that has potential for commercial N‐fertigation at farm, when multiplied by a factor of 10 via further process intensification, a factor of 10 by increase of plasma reactor scale, and a factor of 10 by reactor parallelization (“numbering‐up”). Admittedly, this is ambitious and needs considerable process development, yet is a possible way to go without a road blocker.
A Hybrid BN‐Doped Nanographene with Narrow Emission Bandwidths for OLEDs
Authors: Diev Vyacheslav V. , Zou Yunlong , Kondakov Denis , Yap Glenn P. A.
Published: January 2025

We describe synthesis of BN‐doped nanographene containing five phenylene units, boron and nitrogen atoms with alternating ortho‐disposition, as well as direct B−N connections. Resulting BN doped nanographene exhibits blue fluorescence at 441 nm with an extraordinarily narrow fluorescence peak with a full width at half maximum (FWHM)=10–11 nm. Crystallography reveals supramolecular organization of this compound in the crystal phase. Initial organic light emitting device (OLED) data suggest that the presence of a directly connected B−N isostere can lead to devices with sufficiently long lifetime as well as narrow emission electro‐luminescence peaks necessary for OLED applications.
Selective and Divergent Synthesis of Naphthalene‐ and Phenanthrene‐Fused Azahelicenes by Turning Rearrangement On or Off
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Michishita Sayaka , Ema Tadashi
Published: January 2025

The Scholl reaction has been used to synthesize a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, where 1,2‐aryl shifts have sometimes occurred to yield unique rearrangement products. However, such 1,2‐aryl shifts are often uncontrollable, and the selective and divergent synthesis with or without rearrangement is desired. Here, we achieved the control of the rearrangement in the Scholl reaction of carbazoles by changing the N‐substituents. The Scholl reaction of 3,6‐bis{2‐(2‐naphthyl)phenyl}carbazoles and 3,6‐bis{2‐(9‐phenanthrenyl)phenyl}carbazoles with an N‐benzyl group gave multiple azahelicenes via double rearrangement, while those with an N‐benzoyl group gave aza[9]helicene and quadruple [4]helicene in the former and latter cases, respectively. The reaction mechanisms on the divergent reaction pathways were investigated by DFT calculations, which well supported the experimental results.
Frustration Intolerance Scale for Students
Authors: Simona Trip , Hortensia Bora Carmen , Gabriel Roseanu
Published: January 2025

Background

Frustration intolerance (FI) is the belief that reality should meet our desires for ease, pleasure and comfort. Although extensively studied in adults, tools for measuring FI in children and adolescents are scarce. The Frustration Intolerance Scale for Students (FISS) was developed to fill this gap. This study aimed to evaluate the FISS's structure and, through a longitudinal design, assess its psychometric properties, including reliability and validity.

Methods

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a sample of 780 participants (46.30% female, Agemean = 11.80 years). A retest was administered after 5 months to 611 participants (48.6% female, Agemean = 12.24 years). Both testing moments assessed FI, along with externalized and internalized anger, anger duration, empathy, academic interest and self‐efficacy.

Results

Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the eight‐plus‐one model is the optimal structure for the FISS, allowing for scores on each FI component, frustration tolerance (FT) and a general irrationality FI factor. The eight subscales and the irrationality FI factor showed good internal consistency, whereas test–retest reliability was fair, indicating some variability between administrations. Regarding convergent evidence, significant longitudinal correlations were found between internalized and externalized anger, the degree of anger and all dimensions of FI. FT was positively associated with empathy, and this pattern remained consistent over time. The scale demonstrated discriminant validity by effectively differentiating between students with low and high levels of academic interest and self‐efficacy.

Conclusions

The FISS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing various dimensions of frustration intolerance in children and adolescents.
Increased Phosphorylation of Intracellular Signaling Molecules Indicates Continuous Activation of Human Autoreactive B‐Cells
Authors: Kroos Sanne , Blomberg Nienke J. , Kwekkeboom Joanneke C. , Hendriks Rudi W. , Corneth Odilia B. J. , Toes René E. M. , Scherer Hans U.
Published: January 2025

Many human autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are hallmarked by the presence and persistence of autoreactive B‐cells. While autoreactive B‐cells may frequently encounter antigens, the signals required to balance and maintain their activation and survival are mostly unknown. Understanding such signals may be important for strategies aimed at eliminating human B‐cell autoreactivity. Here, we assessed intracellular signaling pathways in B cells targeting citrullinated protein antigens isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common and well‐characterized AID. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 RA patients positive for anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) were analyzed directly ex vivo using spectral flow cytometry and B‐cell differentiation markers, citrullinated antigen‐biotin‐streptavidin tetramers, and intracellular (phosphoflow) markers. Tetanus toxoid (TT)‐specific B cells served as antigen‐specific comparators. In absence of any in vitro BCR stimulation, ACPA‐expressing memory B cells (MBCs) displayed enhanced expression of Ki‐67 and increased SYK‐, BTK‐, AKT‐, and S6‐phosphorylation compared with TT‐specific MBCs. We demonstrate the simultaneous detection of B cell antigen‐specificity and intracellular protein phosphorylation on the single‐cell level. The data reveal that autoreactive B‐cells in RA, in contrast to B cells against recall antigens, display enhanced phosphorylation of signaling molecules that point toward continuous, presumably antigen‐mediated activation of the autoreactive B‐cell compartment.
Leaders or Villains? The Role of Corruption in Shaping the Stereotypes of Politicians
Authors: Ascenso Inês , Ramos Miguel R. , Moriconi Marcelo , Marques Sibila
Published: January 2025

The ways in which politicians are stereotyped contribute to perceptions of the legitimacy of their power, status and leadership. In this research, we examined how corruption impacts the stereotypes of politicians. By examining stereotype content, we posited that corruption should elicit morality‐related traits, while in contexts of no corruption, both morality and competence should emerge as key dimensions. With two experiments (Ncombined = 272), participants were presented with either a corruption or no corruption condition and were asked to provide traits describing politicians. Results revealed that in the corruption conditions, (low) morality emerged as the key dimension explaining most variance. In the no‐corruption conditions, (high) morality and (high) competence emerged as a single key dimension. Our findings reveal one of the multiple pathways by which corruption impacts society–perceiving politicians as having extremely low morality has implications for general trust and meritocracy, contributing to the erosion of democracy.
Unlocking the Healing Potential: A Comprehensive Review of Ecology and Biology of Medical‐Grade Honey in Wound Management and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Barazesh Parmis , Hajihassani Helia , Motalebi Fatemeh , Neiresi Seyedeh Mobina Hosseini , Hajihassani Romina , Mehrabian Ahmad Reza
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Honey has long been studied for its healing abilities in wound care. This narrative review examines its properties and their impact on wound healing, particularly its ability to accelerate wound closure and promote tissue regeneration. The review focuses on how honey's botanical origins affect its medical properties and wound‐healing capabilities. Finally, clinical studies on honey's effectiveness in wound healing were reviewed compared to traditional treatments.

Methods

Relevant keywords were searched in databases, yielding 1250 documents. After excluding nonrelevant sources, 450 documents were refined, and 167 articles were selected based on thematic alignment and originality. Data extraction focused on study design, intervention details, and outcomes, with quality assessed using standardized criteria. The study adhered to CONSORT and SANRA guidelines to ensure methodological rigor and reporting transparency.

Results

Honey‐based medical products have demonstrated significant antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and tissue‐regenerative properties, making them highly effective in improving wound healing outcomes, particularly in chronic and burn wounds. These products have also been shown to reduce infection rates and hospital stays. While some studies have reported positive outcomes in accelerating the healing process, others have found no significant difference compared to conventional treatments.

Conclusion

Medical‐grade honey (MGH) holds potential for wound care due to its versatility, though variations in its composition present challenges. Further research is needed to optimize its clinical use. The effectiveness of MGH in wound healing remains debated, with mixed results from trials. Genetic modification of bees to enhance MGH's properties could make it more competitive against conventional treatments. Honey‐based medications could reduce costs, improve energy efficiency, and have minimal side effects. Rigorous research is necessary to determine optimal use and fully unlock MGH's potential, which could revolutionize wound management globally.
Integrating pharmacogenetics, multi‐omics and machine learning in the novel therapeutic view of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Li Chenxi , Xue Jipeng , Zhou Dongchen , Qi Xiaomeng , Chen Ting , Li Zhoubin
Published: January 2025

It is a complex disease with multiple pathogenesis that causes pulmonary hypertension (PH). In addition to the commonly used drugs for treating PH, pharmacogenomic therapies are facilitating the innovation of personalized medicine to treat PH. Meanwhile, gene therapy has been extensively studied but is a quite challenging task. Furthermore, the gradual widespread application of omics analyses, big data and machine learning is a trend to improve the efficacy of drugs and gene therapy of PH. They are widely used in the screening of drug therapeutic targets and predicting drugs therapeutic effect. The emergence of innovative diagnosis and treatment approaches for PH opens pathways for combining personalized medicine with established pharmacological and gene therapies to achieve effective treatment strategies and further decrease the mortality rate associated with this disease.
Development of an easy non‐destructive particle isolation protocol for quality control of red blood cell concentrates
Authors: Ghodsi Marine , Cloos Anne‐Sophie , Lotens Anaïs , De Bueger Marine , Van Der Smissen Patrick , Henriet Patrick , Cellier Nicolas , Pierreux Christophe E. , Najdovski Tomé , Tyteca Donatienne
Published: January 2025

The extracellular vesicle release in red blood cell concentrates reflects progressive accumulation of storage lesions and could represent a new measure to be implemented routinely in blood centres in addition to haemolysis. Nevertheless, there is currently no standardized isolation protocol. In a previous publication, we developed a reproducible ultracentrifugation‐based protocol (20,000 × g protocol) that allows to classify red blood cell concentrates into three cohorts according to their vesiculation level. Since this protocol was not adapted to meet routine requirements, the goal of this study was to develop an easier method based on low‐speed centrifugation (2,000 × g protocol) and limited red blood cell concentrate volumes to match with a non‐destructive sampling from the quality control sampling tubing. Despite the presence of contaminants, mainly in the form of albumin and lipoproteins, the material isolated with the 2,000 × g protocol contained red blood cell‐derived vesicular structures. It was reproducible, could predict the number of extracellular vesicles obtained with the 20,000 × g protocol and better discriminated between the three vesiculation cohorts than haemolysis at the legal expiry date of 6 weeks. However, by decreasing red blood cell concentrate volumes to fit with the volume in the quality control tubing, particle yield was highly reduced. Therefore, centrifugation time and relative centrifugal force were adapted (1,000 × g protocol), allowing for the recovery of a similar particle number and composition between small and large volumes sampled from the main unit, in different vesiculation cohorts over time. A similar observation was made with the 1,000 × g protocol between small volumes sampled from the quality control tubing and the mother‐bag. In conclusion, our study paves the way for the use of the 2,000 × g protocol (adapted to a 1,000 × g protocol with the quality control sampling tubing) for particle measurement in blood centres.
D,L‐3‐hydroxybutyrate in the treatment of glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS)
Authors: Amer Aya , Murrell Kathryn , Edmonds Liza , Bernhardt Isaac , Akroyd Rhonda , Ryder Bryony , Wilson Callum , Glamuzina Emma
Published: January 2025

Background

Deficiency of the Glut1 transporter due to mono‐allelic variants in SLC2A1 causes hypoglycorrhachia, resulting in a neurological spectrum from neonatal epilepsy to adult‐onset paroxysmal movement disorders (PMD). The brain utilises ketone bodies as an alternative energy source to glucose. Thus, early initiation of the ketogenic diet (KD) is standard care for Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS). Commencement and adherence in older Glut1DS patients is difficult to achieve, leaving few treatment options. Oral D,L‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (D,L‐3‐HB) crosses the blood–brain barrier, making it a potential treatment for Glut1DS.

Methods

A retrospective case review of patients with Glut1DS under the Adult and Paediatric National Metabolic Service (APNMS) of New Zealand, treated with D,L‐3‐HB between 2012 and 2023 was performed. Clinical notes, standardised, neuropsychological assessments and subjective data on and off D,L‐3‐HB were obtained. The best on and off D,L‐3‐HB measures of working memory (WMI) and processing speed (PSI) were compared to assess the efficacy.

Results

D,L‐3‐HB was offered to 12 patients with Glut1DS (age 10–52 years). Compliance‐dependent improvements in subjective, cognitive and adaptive function were reported by those who were reassessed on‐treatment (9/12). Four reported improved PMD. Objective improvements were found in WM (9/9) and PS (6/9). Subjective improvements were reported in patients' health, wellbeing and independence.

Conclusions

KD remains standard of care for Glut1DS, but effective alternatives are lacking for those who do not tolerate this. D,L‐3‐HB was associated with improved WM, PS and perceived life quality in this small group of patients with Glut1DS, thus providing a potential treatment for this distinct group.
USP7 Inhibitors Destabilize EBNA1 and Suppress Epstein‐Barr Virus Tumorigenesis
Authors: Chen Christopher , Addepalli Kush , Soldan Samantha S. , Castro‐ Munoz Leonardo Josue , Preston‐Alp Sarah , Patel Rishi J. , Albitz Coltin J. , Tang Hsin‐Yao , Tempera Italo , Lieberman Paul M.
Published: January 2025

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human ɣ‐herpesvirus implicated in various malignancies, including Burkitt's lymphoma and gastric carcinomas. In most EBV‐associated cancers, the viral genome is maintained as an extrachromosomal episome by the EBV nuclear antigen‐1 (EBNA1). EBNA1 is considered to be a highly stable protein that interacts with the ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7). Here, we show that pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting USP7 reduce EBNA1 protein levels in a proteosome‐dependent manner. Proteomic analysis revealed that USP7 inhibitor GNE6776 altered the EBNA1 protein interactome, including disrupting USP7 association with EBNA1. GNE6776 also inhibited EBNA1 binding to EBV oriP DNA and reduced viral episome copy number. Transcriptomic studies revealed that USP7 inhibition affected chromosome segregation and mitotic cell division pathways in EBV+ cells. Finally, we show that GNE6776 selectively inhibited EBV+ gastric and lymphoid cell proliferation in cell culture and slowed EBV+ tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. These findings suggest that USP7 inhibitors perturb EBNA1 stability and function and may be exploited to treat EBV latent infection and tumorigenesis.
Evaluating the influence of snow and ice conditions on under‐ice light regimes, dissolved oxygen, and primary production in shallow lakes using controlled manipulative systems
Authors: Barrett David C. , Wrona Frederick J.
Published: January 2025

Shifts in hydroclimatic regimes associated with global climate change are affecting the timing and duration of winter ice‐cover in temperate and high‐latitude lakes. Less is known on how associated changes in ice quality potentially affect under‐ice ecological processes and related biogeochemistry, particularly in shallow lake systems. This experimental study examined how differing surface ice‐cover types (slushed white ice, unmanipulated ice formation [black], snow‐on‐ice) affected under‐ice light and oxygen regimes and associated chlorophyll a concentrations, and water quality parameters using a combination of aboveground mesocosms and natural ponds over two consecutive winter seasons. In both systems, light transmission under white ice did not differ significantly from black but was significantly greater than snow‐on‐ice. Measures of light extinction coefficients taken at the ice‐water interface in the experimental ponds increased for black, white, and snow‐on‐ice, respectively, with all values being above thresholds for autotrophic activity. Under‐ice dissolved oxygen levels in all mesocosm ice treatments increased continually over time with increasing day length, peaking prior to ice off. Accumulated DO levels were aligned with observed chlorophyll a concentrations, with peaks early after ice onset, and decreases as winter progressed though patterns differed between years. No significant differences were observed in mean chlorophyll a levels in snow‐removed treatment ponds, regardless of whether white or black ice was present while the snow‐on‐ice ponds displayed consistently lower levels. This study highlights the complexities and importance of using manipulative experimental approaches to advance our understanding of how alterations in surface ice‐cover quality affect under‐ice hydro‐ecological processes.
Organic carbon decay mediated by a mesopelagic microbial community: The relevance of carbon pools and broad biochemical composition
Authors: Craft Noah J. , Bochdansky Alexander B.
Published: January 2025

The mesopelagic zone is a site of strong microbially driven particle attenuation with depth and thus plays a crucial role in controlling the transfer efficiency of the ocean's biological pump. However, little quantitative information exists on the dependency of decay processes on the source material. Here we followed the decay of 14C‐labeled dead particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three different phytoplankton species, and two incubations of live diatoms, in mesopelagic water over 3 months. Commonly used first‐order kinetics failed to adequately describe the decay of organic material as rate constants varied from day to day. Over extended periods, decay rates for organic material exhibited two distinct phases, with rates in the second phase being inversely related to rates in the first phase. Microbial biomass (measured via adenosine triphosphate and cell counts) increased substantially during phase 1 and ebbed during phase 2. Decay rates were significantly different among the three algal sources; however, differences were even more pronounced among carbon pools and followed a distinct pattern (combined average per‐day decay rates at 12°C): fresh DOC (0.6) > fresh POC (0.1) > live cells (0.06) > aged DOC/POC (0.01). Separation of POC into four broad biochemical fractions showed that components in the operationally defined lipid fraction contained the most degradable compounds for fresh material. Our research highlights the need to include the dynamics of the most easily digestible fractions of freshly released organic material, and live plankton resilient to digestion, in calculations of vertical carbon flux budgets.
High‐Speed and Broadband n‐Si/p‐Se0.3Te0.7/ITO Heterojunction Photodetector
Authors: Yang Xiutao , Gou Jun , Yu Hang , Liu Lixin , Li Chunyu , Wei Laijiang , Wei Yuchao , Wang ZeXu , He Meiyu , Zhang Xin , Zeng Guanggen , Han Jiayue , Yu He , Wu Zhiming , Jiang Yadong , Wang Jun
Published: January 2025

The prevailing short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) photodetectors (PDs) based on III‐V materials face challenges in heteroepitaxial material growth and device fabrication which adds cost and complexity. SeTe alloy is a potential candidate for SWIR PDs due to its low‐cost growth and adjustable bandgap. However, the performance of SeTe‐based PDs is currently hindered by the narrow depletion region and high dark current. Herein, large‐scale, high‐quality Se0.3Te0.7 thin film is fabricated through a CMOS‐compatible magnetron sputtering method followed by a low‐temperature annealing process. A Si/Se0.3Te0.7/ITO vertical heterostructure is constructed with enhanced performances induced by an internal photoemission effect of top Schottky diode, which significantly increases carriers injected into Se0.3Te0.7 and transported by Si/Se0.3Te0.7 heterojunction. The PD shows superior broadband photoelectric properties with a 10000% improved responsivity at 1310 and 1550 nm, and a response time of ≈20 µs over a wide spectral range which represents a 100‐fold reduction compared to traditional devices in the absence of hot holes trapping mechanism. This pioneering research provides fresh avenues for significantly improving the optoelectronic performance of analogous devices with narrow depletion regions in photosensitive materials and showcases potential applications in Si‐based broadband detection and imaging systems with high sensitivity and high speed at room temperature.
Temperature‐Controlled Radiofrequency Treatment of the Nasal Valve in Patients With Nasal Obstruction: Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Han Joseph K. , Rosenthal Jon N. , McDuffie Chad M. , Yen David M. , Bikhazi Nadim B. , Kakarlapudi Venkata Vasu , Silvers Stacey L.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and durability of temperature‐controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) treatment of the nasal valve in patients with severe or extreme nasal airway obstruction (NAO).

Study Design

A long‐term, prospective, multicenter, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Sixteen otolaryngologic clinics and academic centers.

Methods

Patients received TCRF treatment on the lateral nasal valve. All patients were followed through 3 years. Outcome measures included the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and adverse events (AEs). Treatment responders were defined as a ≥1 reduction in severity class or ≥20% reduction in NOSE score.

Results

Out of 108 patients who received TCRF treatment, 54 reached the 3‐year follow‐up timepoint. The baseline mean NOSE score was 76.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.6 to 79.1). The 3‐year NOSE score treatment effect was −49.4 ([95% CI, −56.5 to −42.4]; P < .001) a 64.7% improvement from baseline; 88.7% of patients were responders. Most patients reported significant improvements in sleep post‐treatment with a mean ESS score of 4.5 (95% CI, 3.4 to 5.7) at 3 years compared to 10.3 (95% CI, 9.2 to 11.4) at baseline.

Conclusion

Treatment with the TCRF device for nasal valve obstruction resulted in sustained improvements in nasal obstruction symptoms and sleep quality over a 3‐year period without any serious AEs. These findings support the long‐term benefits and sustained improvements in symptoms in patients with NAO.
Parathyroid Hormone Fluctuations During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Sagalow Emily S. , Kim Yuna , Wong Shirley , Wang Robert C.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Stress hormone levels such as cortisol and epinephrine increase with general anesthesia (GA) and surgery. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to increase with GA in those undergoing parathyroidectomy (PT) with abnormal parathyroid function, but there are conflicting reports of it in those with normal parathyroid function. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of anesthetic and surgical stress on those with abnormal parathyroid function undergoing PTs as well as those with normal parathyroid function undergoing unilateral/total thyroidectomies (UTs/TTs).

Study Design

Prospective study.

Setting

Single tertiary academic center.

Methods

Patients undergoing TT, UT, and PT were studied. PTH was measured consecutively during the preoperative, postanesthetic induction before incision, intraoperative, and postoperative periods.

Results

One hundred sixty patients were included, with 77 and 31 undergoing TT and UT, respectively, and 52 undergoing PT. Mean PTH levels were significantly higher following induction and intubation across all groups (TT: 139.2 vs 65.1 pg/mL, 113.8% increase; UT: 130.4 vs 57.1 pg/mL, 128.4% increase; PT: 219.6 vs 163.7 pg/mL, 34.1% increase) and remained elevated until excision (TT: 131.8 pg/mL; UT: 124.9 pg/mL; PT: 228.7 pg/mL). Following UT, mean PTH declined to preoperative levels by 1 hour postexcision. Compared to thyroidectomy groups, PTH in the PT group showed more variable responses to anesthesia induction.

Conclusion

PTH consistently increases in response to anesthetic and surgical stress in adults undergoing UT and TT with normal preoperative parathyroid function. In contrast, those with hyperparathyroidism demonstrated variable changes.
A comprehensive review of the genetic control of cooking time in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Jeffery Hannah R. , Murillo‐Quesada Marcelo Efrén , Barboza‐Barquero Luis , Cichy Karen
Published: January 2025

Societal Impact Statement

Reducing cooking time could increase dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption. Cooking is an essential processing step needed to unlock the nutrients in dry beans and to make them palatable and safe for consumption. Long cooking times have consequences for dry bean use, especially where cooking fuel cost is high and when people prefer foods that are more convenient to prepare. Understanding the genetic control and genetic diversity for cooking time along with the nutritional tradeoffs will help to breed nutritious bean varieties with shorter cooking times, thereby making dry beans more accessible to consumers around the world.

Dry beans generally require long cooking times, and this influences their utilization and acceptability as a food source. Fuel usage, water usage, and convenience are three constraints associated with cooking beans. The cooking times of dry beans are dependent on many factors including growing conditions, post‐harvest handling and storage, cooking methods, and genotype. While there have been significant research endeavors to elucidate how post‐harvest storage and handling influence cooking time, there has been comparatively less research on the genetic regulation of cooking time. This review provides an in‐depth examination of the genetic control of cooking time in dry beans, including genetic mapping studies and its implications for breeding purposes. Further, the available physiological and post‐harvest research is summarized and evaluated in the context of understanding genetic and environmental factors that affect the cooking times of dry beans. The current evidence suggests that cooking time is increased by genetic factors that decrease the amount of soluble compounds in the cotyledons, including but not limited to 1) genes that increase the abundance of calcium‐binding storage proteins and/or de‐methylesterfied pectins paired with high inter‐ or intra‐cellular calcium levels (higher calcium levels can be caused by reduced levels of phytate) and 2) genes that increase insoluble condensed tannin/lignin content in the cotyledon cell walls. Identifying genetic factors that contribute to cooking times across a range of environments could aid breeding efforts to develop reliably fast‐cooking varieties in different dry bean market classes, thereby making dry beans more accessible to consumers around the world.
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme 2 (G8790A) Gene Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for COVID‐19 in Egyptian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ibraheem Ahmed A. A. , Saleh Sarah A. , Emam Ahmed A. , Yousef Aly A. , Abdulhay Mohamed , Haridi Mohammed K. , Wahba Ali A. , Al‐Fahham Marwa M. , Selim Dalia M. , Razek Suzan A. , Sorour Ehab I. , Abouzied El Sayed H. F. , Ismail Ahmed H. , Mohamed Soma A. , Soliman Attia A. , Shehata Hassan , Arab Faika , Rashad Marwa L. M. , Hafez Sahbaa F. M. , Abdelkhalek Khalil , Ibrahim Dina M. , Ashraf Bassem , Saleh Ahmed S. E. , Fouad Rania A. , Omar Walaa E. , Nabil Rehab M. , Ramadan Raghdaa A. , El‐Sehsah Eman M. , Afify Mona R. , Bawazir Yasser , Mustafa Mohammad , Daghistani Yassir , Thabit Rawan A. , Salah Wed , Almoraie Laila M. , Aljamei Hanan Maas , Hummdi Laila Ahmed , Arishi Emtenan Ali , Salem Hanan F. , Massoud Yasmine M. , Khalil Dalia M. , Raouf Batoul M. Abdel , Elmikaty Hani A. , El‐Gaaly Sonya A. A. , Fakhreldin Ahmed R. , Hashem Mustafa I. A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Recently, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene has emerged as a potential candidate gene for susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We investigated whether ACE2 G8790A (rs2285666) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to COVID‐19 and disease severity in Egyptian children and adolescents.

Methods

This was a prospective case‐control study included 580 cases diagnosed with COVID‐19, and 580 matched control children and adolescents. The ACE2 G8790A (rs2285666) polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ACE2 serum level was measured by ELISA.

Results

The ACE2 A/A genotype and A‐allele were significantly more represented in cases with COVID‐19 as compared to control group (44% vs. 30%; OR = 2.83; [95% CI: 1.27–2.63]; p = 0.006; for the A/A genotype) and (65% vs. 51%; OR = 1.9; [95% CI: 1.06–1.72]; p = 0.01; for the A‐allele). The presence of ACE2 G/G genotype was an independent risk factor for severe disease (adjusted OR: 2.08; [95% CI: 1.57–6.78]; p = 0.003).

Conclusion

The ACE2 G8790A (rs2285666) polymorphism may confer susceptibility to COVID‐19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. The ACE2 G/G genotype and G‐allele was associated with lower ACE2 serum levels and may constitute independent risk factors for disease severity.
Dead‐Zone‐Free NMOR Atomic Magnetometer Based on Excitation of Dual‐Axis Magnetic Pulse
Authors: Jiang Liwei , Zhang Changhao , Zhao Xin , Liu Jiali , Lu Zhenglong , Li Jianli
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear magneto‐optical rotation (NMOR) atomic magnetometer has extreme precision and sensitivity. However, atomic magnetometer suffers from the problem of dead zone that the sensitive signal decays to zero if the magnetic field is along some specific directions relative to the sensor. In this paper, a new scheme based on excitation of dual‐axis magnetic pulse is presented to eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer. The magnetic field measurement is based on the mode of free induction decay (FID), which allows pumping and detecting stages to be separated without interference from magnetic pulse. The dead zone model is developed for NMOR atomic magnetometer from the mechanism of interaction between optical field and polarized atoms. To eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer, the response model with dual‐axis magnetic pulse excitation is established by using the density matrix theory for bias magnetic field in arbitrary direction. Then the proposed method of suppressing the dead zone is examined in the experiment, which is in agreement with the developed model. The results show that the method can effectively eliminate the dead zone of NMOR atomic magnetometer, which is of great significance to measurement of magnetic field in complex magnetic environment with variable direction.
Effect of HA and CO2 Gas on the Microstructure and Corrosion of Coatings Prepared by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Mg‐Nd‐Zn‐Ca Alloy
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Yu Lang , Li Zhe , Zhao Bocheng , Cui Hongwei , Feng Rui , Cui Xiaoli , Gao Zengli , Pan Yaokun , Peng Hui
Published: January 2025

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is receiving more and more attention as a technique to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. In this paper, we investigated the preparation of surface coatings on magnesium alloys by simultaneously introducing carbon dioxide gas and hydroxyapatite (HA) into the electrolyte. The coatings were characterized using SEM, XRD, FT‐IR, and XPS. The results show that carbon dioxide and hydroxyapatite contribute to the growth of the film coatings. The kinetic potential polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy surfaces indicated better corrosion resistance in SBF solution. This method helps to generate smooth and compact coatings on the surface of magnesium alloys, which will provide broader prospects for magnesium alloys in future applications.
Cloud and Edge Computing as Effective Trends in Business Model Innovation: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Sun Y.
Published: January 2025

Developing an information technology (IT) infrastructure for business and organizational operations has gained importance concurrently with the emergence of edge and cloud computing technologies. On the other hand, innovation is crucial for businesses because consumers demand better service and lower ownership costs. Several firms use the cloud as their innovation platform to expand and stay competitive. In the commercial world, cloud computing is swiftly embraced by small, medium, and big businesses in sectors including aerospace, automotive, logistics, financial services, textiles, and health. With all the benefits cloud computing has for business improvement, some issues and problems prevent organizations and companies from migrating to the cloud. Due to these evidentiary gaps, I combined quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques to synthesize the existing literature and identify possible directions for future studies that may have an impact. The primary aim of this research is to provide a bibliometric procedure to review the state of the art on this scope and provide a roadmap for future studies; then, it provides insight into how the adoption and sustained usage of cloud sourcing could and edge encourage the creation of novel business models and impact a company's competitive advantage. The publications were reviewed using a bibliometric approach that divided the papers into four categories: cloud computing data security, business risk management techniques, resource allocation, and business performance. According to the results, adopting cloud and edge computing service delivery models is connected with increased revenue and less capital investment in IT assets for the company. Also, the results showed that one of the main obstacles to implementing cloud and edge computing technology in organizations is low security and lack of sufficient internal resources.
A Fuzzy‐AHP Decision‐Making Framework for Optimizing Software Maintenance and Deployment in Information Security Systems
Authors: Khan Rafiq Ahmad , Keshta Ismail , Al Hashimi Hussein A. , Almagrabi Alaa Omran , Alwageed Hathal S. , Alzahrani Musaad
Published: January 2025

Information System Security (ISS) is the primary economic lever for the global economy. It is the cornerstone for value generation, and its absence undeniably affects technology, people, and finances. The emergence of the worldwide information society has introduced fresh economic and legal challenges attributed to the surge in Internet utilization and advancements in the digital economy. Ensuring the security of advancements within information systems has emerged as a primary concern in propelling the evolution of information processes within the software development industry. This study aims to develop and propose a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy‐AHP) framework to enhance decision‐making for software maintenance and deployment in ISS. This framework aims to provide a systematic, flexible method for evaluating and prioritizing multiple conflicting criteria under conditions of uncertainty. The study initially adopts an empirical survey to identify software security maintenance and deployment risks and their practices for ISS organizations. Then adopts the Fuzzy‐AHP method to handle the imprecision of expert judgments and organizes decision‐making into a hierarchical structure. The framework is applied to evaluate key criteria related to software maintenance and deployment, including security risks, system performance, operational costs, and compliance requirements. Data from 50 ISS experts were collected and used to validate the framework. The paper identifies 52 security risks in maintenance and deployment (SRMD) processes in ISS and also identified 139 best practices for ensuring security, including regular updates, patch management, and adherence to industry‐standard security protocols. The Fuzzy‐AHP framework effectively structured the decision‐making process by prioritizing criteria and sub‐criteria. The results demonstrated that the framework helps mitigate the subjective biases in expert judgment and provides a more balanced assessment of maintenance and deployment strategies. Prioritizing security risks and compliance emerged as key factors in the decision‐making process. The proposed Fuzzy‐AHP framework provides an innovative and adaptable solution for optimizing ISS organizations' software maintenance and deployment decisions. It addresses the complexity and uncertainty involved in such decisions, offering a transparent and structured approach that improves the accuracy and reliability of outcomes. Future research should focus on empirical validation of the framework in real‐world case studies and expand its application to other industries with similar decision‐making needs.