bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Migration Roost Site use and Timing of Postnuptial Migration of Red-Footed Falcons (Falco Vespertinus) Revealed by Satellite Tracking
Authors: Fehérvári Péter , Lázár Bence , Palatitz Péter , Solt Szabolcs , Nagy Attila , Prommer Mátyás , Nagy Károly , Harnos Andrea
Published: December 2014

Red-footed Falcons are gregarious trans-equatorial migrants, forming up to several thousand strong roost sites after the breeding season and before commencing migration. This pre-migration period is presumed to play a major role in defining the survival of long-range migrants. Here we investigate the autumn movements of 8 individuals caught and satellite-tagged within the Carpathian Basin. We found that birds may use multiple roost sites that can be separated by large distances. A single individual’s home range was 88 km2 (80% kernel home range) and was near concentrical to the roost site. Two individuals travelled to southern Ukraine soon after tag-deployment. Our results demonstrate that even a small number of satellite tagged birds show behavioural plasticity in terms of roost site selection indicating that post-breeding foraging habitat choice decisions may have substantial variability. The night localization points of birds marked out 2 and 5 yet unknown potential roost sites in Hungary and in the Ukraine, respectively. Using the data of an international weekly survey (2006-2011) carried out in the Carpathian Basin, we cross-referenced the departure dates of tagged individuals with the 6 year means of counted individuals. The tagged birds initiated migration with the first 25% percent of the surveyed population.
Evaluation of the potential of alkylresorcinols as superoxide anion scavengers and sox-regulon modulators using nitroblue tetrazolium and bioluminescent cell-based assays
Authors: Gryazeva Irina V. , Davydova Оlga K. , Deryabin Dmitrii G.
Published: December 2014

The antioxidant activities of five alkylresorcinol (AR) homologs with alkyl chains of 1, 3, 5 6 and 12 carbon atoms were studied using molecular and cellular assays for superoxide anions (O
Popularization of the creative works of artist-illustrators and designers of children’s books in Poland after the political system transformation (1989-2010)
Authors: Boguszewska Anna
Published: December 2014

Significant changes started in the children’s books market from 1989. The market gradually began to be saturated with far less expensive reprints of Western productions. Their artistic form is based on the style of cartoons, thus replacing the diversity of illustrations which is necessary to activate the development of child’s perception. Consequently, a special role is played by measures aimed to popularize the artistic achievements of artist-illustrators and designers of books for children in Poland. After the political system transformation, earlier activities were continued (plein-air workshops for illustrators in the Roztocze region). New undertakings were also initiated (meetings with graphic layout artists, conferences, exhibitions, workshops for children and teenagers in libraries). The article discusses the activities of Gallery [Galeria] 31 at Branch no. 30 of Hieronim Lopaciński City Public Library in Lublin, Poznań Trade Fair Meetings in Poznań, and plein-air workshops for artist-illustrators. These events are an example of local and nation-wide activities. They develop a conscious attitude towards the impact of the book form as a visual communication. The forms of Polish books (including textbooks and reading list books) for the youngest readers cannot be regarded as satisfactory.
Protection of the Child’s Creative Output Including Its Legal Protection
Authors: Sokołowska Anna
Published: December 2014

This paper is an attempt to analyze the necessity of defining and extending the protection of the child’s creative process. The starting point for consideration is the key role of artistic instruction in the child’s education and development which justifies providing appropriate framework for that process. The present text defines artistic output as a personal good covered by legal protection and specifies relevant legal regulations underlying the subject. It also reveals the position of the child as a creator with his/her specific characteristics and possible dangers arising from those characteristics. Another issue discussed here is the creative process and its components. In a further part, legal aspects of the child’s situation in the context of creative activity are analyzed with references to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), the (Polish) Family and Guardianship Code (1964), the UN Declaration on Rights of the Child (1959) and other legal acts. Finally, the paper addresses objectives of arts education in the light of the discussed issues. Conclusions include an indication of certain similarity between some areas of interest in pedagogy and in law. The main conclusion comes down to a statement that in the education process we should take into consideration so-called creative integrity which constitutes a personal good of both the adult and the child, and which is covered by legal protection.
A Memristive Diode Bridge-Based Canonical Chua’s Circuit
Authors: Chen Mo , Yu Jingjing , Yu Qing , Li Changdi , Bao Bocheng
Published: December 2014

A novel memristor circuit is presented, which is generated from the canonical Chua’s circuit by replacing the Chua’s diode with a first order memristive diode bridge. The circuit dynamical characteristics with the variations of circuit parameters are investigated both theoretically and numerically. It can be found that the circuit has three determined equilibrium points, including a zero saddle point and two nonzero saddle-foci with index 2. Specially, the circuit is non-dissipative in the neighborhood of the zero saddle point, and there exists complex nonlinear phenomena of coexisting bifurcation modes and coexisting chaotic attractors. Experimental observations are performed to verify the numerical simulation results.
Surface Electrical Potentials of Root Cell Plasma Membranes: Implications for Ion Interactions, Rhizotoxicity, and Uptake
Authors: Wang Yi-Min , Kinraide Thomas , Wang Peng , Hao Xiu-Zhen , Zhou Dong-Mei
Published: December 2014

Many crop plants are exposed to heavy metals and other metals that may intoxicate the crop plants themselves or consumers of the plants. The rhizotoxicity of heavy metals is influenced strongly by the root cell plasma membrane (PM) surface’s electrical potential (ψ0). The usually negative ψ0 is created by negatively charged constituents of the PM. Cations in the rooting medium are attracted to the PM surface and anions are repelled. Addition of ameliorating cations (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) to the rooting medium reduces the effectiveness of cationic toxicants (e.g., Cu2+ and Pb2+) and increases the effectiveness of anionic toxicants (e.g., SeO42− and H2AsO4−). Root growth responses to ions are better correlated with ion activities at PM surfaces ({IZ}0) than with activities in the bulk-phase medium ({IZ}b) (IZ denotes an ion with charge Z). Therefore, electrostatic effects play a role in heavy metal toxicity that may exceed the role of site-specific competition between toxicants and ameliorants. Furthermore, ψ0 controls the transport of ions across the PM by influencing both {IZ}0 and the electrical potential difference across the PM from the outer surface to the inner surface (Em,surf). Em,surf is a component of the driving force for ion fluxes across the PM and controls ion-channel voltage gating. Incorporation of {IZ}0 and Em,surf into quantitative models for root metal toxicity and uptake improves risk assessments of toxic metals in the environment. These risk assessments will improve further with future research on the application of electrostatic theory to heavy metal phytotoxicity in natural soils and aquatic environments.
Intraguild Predation Responses in Two Aphidophagous Coccinellids Identify Differences among Juvenile Stages and Aphid Densities
Authors: Rondoni Gabriele , Ielo Fulvio , Ricci Carlo , Conti Eric
Published: December 2014

(1) Intraguild predation (IGP) can occur among aphidophagous predators thus reducing their effectiveness in controlling crop pests. Among ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata L. and Hippodamia variegata Goeze are the most effective predators upon Aphis gossypii Glov., which is an economically important pest of melon. Understanding their likelihood to engage in reciprocal predation is a key point for conservation of biological control. Here, we aim to investigate, under laboratory conditions, the level of IGP between the two above mentioned aphidophagous species. (2) Fourth-instars of the two species were isolated in petri dishes with combinations of different stages of the heterospecific ladybird and different densities of A. gossypii. The occurrence of IGP events was recorded after six hours. (3) C. septempunctata predated H. variegata at a higher rate than vice versa (70% vs. 43% overall). Higher density of the aphid or older juvenile stage of the IG-prey (22% of fourth instars vs. 74% of eggs and second instars) reduces the likelihood of predation. (4) To our knowledge, IGP between C. septempunctata and H. variegata was investigated for the first time. Results represent a baseline, necessary to predict the likelihood of IGP occurrence in the field.
Differentiating SIADH from Cerebral/Renal Salt Wasting: Failure of the Volume Approach and Need for a New Approach to Hyponatremia
Authors: Maesaka John , Imbriano Louis , Mattana Joseph , Gallagher Dympna , Bade Naveen , Sharif Sairah
Published: December 2014

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality. Its diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are in a state of flux. It is evident that hyponatremic patients are symptomatic with a potential for serious consequences at sodium levels that were once considered trivial. The recommendation to treat virtually all hyponatremics exposes the need to resolve the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma of deciding whether to water restrict a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) or administer salt and water to a renal salt waster. In this review, we briefly discuss the pathophysiology of SIADH and renal salt wasting (RSW), and the difficulty in differentiating SIADH from RSW, and review the origin of the perceived rarity of RSW, as well as the value of determining fractional excretion of urate (FEurate) in differentiating both syndromes, the high prevalence of RSW which highlights the inadequacy of the volume approach to hyponatremia, the importance of changing cerebral salt wasting to RSW, and the proposal to eliminate reset osmostat as a subtype of SIADH, and finally propose a new algorithm to replace the outmoded volume approach by highlighting FEurate. This algorithm eliminates the need to assess the volume status with less reliance on determining urine sodium concentration, plasma renin, aldosterone and atrial/brain natriuretic peptide or the BUN to creatinine ratio.
Special Issue on Microlenses
Authors: Jiang Hongrui
Published: December 2014

The study and application of microscale lenses and lens arrays have been actively researched in recent years; new approaches in the fabrication of microlenses and microlens arrays have emerged. Also, novel applications of these microlenses and microlens arrays have been demonstrated. In an effort to disseminate the current advances in this specialized field of microlenses and microlens arrays, and to encourage discussion on the future research directions while stimulating research interests in this area, a Special Issue of Micromachines has been dedicated to “Microlenses”. [...]
A DFT Study of the Photochemical Dimerization of Methyl 3-(2-Furyl)acrylate and Allyl Urocanate
Authors: D'Auria Maurizio
Published: December 2014

A DFT study of the photochemical dimerization of methyl 3-(2-furyl)acrylate is reported. The photochemical reaction gave a mixture of two dimers with high regioselectivity and good stereoselectivity. Calculations showed that benzophenone was able to act as a photosensitizer of the reaction. This compound populated the first excited triplet state of the substrate. The frontier orbitals interaction between LSOMO of the triplet state and HOMO of the ground state accounted for the observed high regioselectivity. Furthermore, the energy of all the possible triplet biradicals has been calculated, showing that the precursor of the main product was the triplet biradical with the lowest energy. The coupling of the atomic coefficients on the radical centres in the biradical intermediates allowed to justify the observed products. The same behavior was observed in the case of the photochemical dimerization of an urocanate ester and in the dimerization of liquid methyl cinnamate.
Zinc Absorption from Micronutrient Powder Is Low but Is not Affected by Iron in Kenyan Infants
Authors: Esamai Fabian , Liechty Edward , Ikemeri Justus , Westcott Jamie , Kemp Jennifer , Culbertson Diana , Miller Leland , Hambidge K. , Krebs Nancy
Published: December 2014

Interference with zinc absorption is a proposed explanation for adverse effects of supplemental iron in iron-replete children in malaria endemic settings. We examined the effects of iron in micronutrient powder (MNP) on zinc absorption after three months of home fortification with MNP in maize-based diets in rural Kenyan infants. In a double blind design, six-month-old, non-anemic infants were randomized to MNP containing 5 mg zinc, with or without 12.5 mg of iron (MNP + Fe and MNP − Fe, respectively); a control (C) group received placebo powder. After three months, duplicate diet collections and zinc stable isotopes were used to measure intake from MNP + non-breast milk foods and fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ) by dual isotope ratio method; total absorbed zinc (TAZ, mg/day) was calculated from intake × FAZ. Mean (SEM) TAZ was not different between MNP + Fe (n = 10) and MNP − Fe (n = 9) groups: 0.85 (0.22) and 0.72 (0.19), respectively, but both were higher than C (n = 9): 0.24 (0.03) (p = 0.04). Iron in MNP did not significantly alter zinc absorption, but despite intakes over double estimated dietary requirement, both MNP groups’ mean TAZ barely approximated the physiologic requirement for age. Impaired zinc absorption may dictate need for higher zinc doses in vulnerable populations.
A Novel Hemp Seed Meal Protein Hydrolysate Reduces Oxidative Stress Factors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Girgih Abraham , Alashi Adeola , He Rong , Malomo Sunday , Raj Pema , Netticadan Thomas , Aluko Rotimi
Published: December 2014

This report shows the antioxidant effects of a hemp seed meal protein hydrolysate (HMH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Defatted hemp seed meal was hydrolyzed consecutively with pepsin and pancreatin to yield HMH, which was incorporated into rat feed as a source of antioxidant peptides. Young (8-week old) SHRs were divided into three groups (8 rats/group) and fed diets that contained 0.0%, 0.5% or 1.0% (w/w) HMH for eight weeks; half of the rats were sacrificed for blood collection. After a 4-week washout period, the remaining 20-week old SHRs were fed for an additional four weeks and sacrificed for blood collection. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total peroxides (TPx) levels were determined. Results showed that plasma TAC, CAT and SOD levels decreased in the older 20-week old SHRs when compared to the young SHRs. The presence of HMH in the diets led to significant (p < 0.05) increases in plasma SOD and CAT levels in both young and adult SHR groups; these increases were accompanied by decreases in TPx levels. The results suggest that HMH contained antioxidant peptides that reduced the rate of lipid peroxidation in SHRs with enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels and total antioxidant capacity.
The Role of Visibility in Pursuit/Evasion Games
Authors: Kehagias Athanasios , Mitsche Dieter , Prałat Paweł
Published: December 2014

The cops-and-robber (CR) game has been used in mobile robotics as a discretized model (played on a graph G) of pursuit/evasion problems. The “classic” CR version is a perfect information game: the cops’ (pursuer’s) location is always known to the robber (evader) and vice versa. Many variants of the classic game can be defined: the robber can be invisible and also the robber can be either adversarial (tries to avoid capture) or drunk (performs a random walk). Furthermore, the cops and robber can reside in either nodes or edges of G. Several of these variants are relevant as models or robotic pursuit/evasion. In this paper, we first define carefully several of the variants mentioned above and related quantities such as the cop number and the capture time. Then we introduce and study the cost of visibility (COV), a quantitative measure of the increase in difficulty (from the cops’ point of view) when the robber is invisible. In addition to our theoretical results, we present algorithms which can be used to compute capture times and COV of graphs which are analytically intractable. Finally, we present the results of applying these algorithms to the numerical computation of COV.
Error Analysis on ESA’s Envisat ASAR Wave Mode Significant Wave Height Retrievals Using Triple Collocation Model
Authors: Wang He , Zhu Jianhua , Yang Jingsong
Published: December 2014

Nowadays, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a powerful tool for providing significant wave height (SWH). Traditionally, validation of SAR derived SWH has been carried out against buoy measurements or model outputs, which only yield an inter-comparison, but not an “absolute” validation. In this study, the triple collocation error model has been introduced in the validation of Envisat ASAR derived SWH products. SWH retrievals from ASAR wave mode using ESA’s algorithm are validated against in situ buoy data, and wave model hindcast results from WaveWatch III wave model, covering a period of six years. From the triple collocation validation analysis, the impacts of the collocation distance and water depth on the error of ASAR SWH are discussed. It is found that the error of Envisat ASAR SWH product is linear to the collocation distance, and decrease with the decreasing collocation distance. Using the linear regression fit method, the absolute error of Envisat ASAR SWH was obtained with zero collocation distance. The absolute Envisat ASAR wave height error of 0.49 m is presented in deep and open ocean from this triple collocation validation work, in contrast to a larger error of 0.56 m in coastal and shallow waters. One of the reasons for the larger Envisat ASAR SWH errors in the coastal waters may be the inaccurate Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) adopted in the Envisat ASAR wave retrieval algorithm.
Extraction of Plant Physiological Status from Hyperspectral Signatures Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Doktor Daniel , Lausch Angela , Spengler Daniel , Thurner Martin
Published: December 2014

The machine learning method, random forest (RF), is applied in order to derive biophysical and structural vegetation parameters from hyperspectral signatures. Hyperspectral data are, among other things, characterized by their high dimensionality and autocorrelation. Common multivariate regression approaches, which usually include only a limited number of spectral indices as predictors, do not make full use of the available information. In contrast, machine learning methods, such as RF, are supposed to be better suited to extract information on vegetation status. First, vegetation parameters are extracted from hyperspectral signatures simulated with the radiative transfer model, PROSAIL. Second, the transferability of these results with respect to laboratory and field measurements is investigated. In situ observations of plant physiological parameters and corresponding spectra are gathered in the laboratory for summer barley (Hordeum vulgare). Field in situ measurements focus on winter crops over several growing seasons. Chlorophyll content, Leaf Area Index and phenological growth stages are derived from simulated and measured spectra. RF performs very robustly and with a very high accuracy on PROSAIL simulated data. Furthermore, it is almost unaffected by introduced noise and bias in the data. When applied to laboratory data, the prediction accuracy is still good (C\(_{ab}\): \(R^2\) = 0.94/ LAI: \(R^2\) = 0.80/BBCH (Growth stages of mono-and dicotyledonous plants) : \(R^2\) = 0.91), but not as high as for simulated spectra. Transferability to field measurements is given with prediction levels as high as for laboratory data (C\(_{ab}\): \(R^2\) = 0.89/LAI: \(R^2\) = 0.89/BBCH: \(R^2\) = \(\sim\)0.8). Wavelengths for deriving plant physiological status based on simulated and measured hyperspectral signatures are mostly selected from appropriate spectral regions (both field and laboratory): 700–800 nm regressing on C\(_{ab}\) and 800–1300 nm regressing on LAI. Results suggest that the prediction accuracy of vegetation parameters using RF is not hampered by the high dimensionality of hyperspectral signatures (given preceding feature reduction). Wavelengths selected as important for prediction might, however, vary between underlying datasets. The introduction of changing environmental factors (soil, illumination conditions) has some detrimental effect, but more important factors seem to stem from measurement uncertainties and plant geometries.
Immunology of Bats and Their Viruses: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Schountz Tony
Published: December 2014

Bats are reservoir hosts of several high-impact viruses that cause significant human diseases, including Nipah virus, Marburg virus and rabies virus. They also harbor many other viruses that are thought to have caused disease in humans after spillover into intermediate hosts, including SARS and MERS coronaviruses. As is usual with reservoir hosts, these viruses apparently cause little or no pathology in bats. Despite the importance of bats as reservoir hosts of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic agents, virtually nothing is known about the host/virus relationships; principally because few colonies of bats are available for experimental infections, a lack of reagents, methods and expertise for studying bat antiviral responses and immunology, and the difficulty of conducting meaningful field work. These challenges can be addressed, in part, with new technologies that are species-independent that can provide insight into the interactions of bats and viruses, which should clarify how the viruses persist in nature, and what risk factors might facilitate transmission to humans and livestock.
Impact Assessment and Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Alternative Managed Aquifer Recharge Strategies Based on Treated Wastewater in Northern Gaza
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Rusteberg Bernd , Uddin Mohammad , Saada Muath , Rabi Ayman , Sauter Martin
Published: December 2014

For better planning of a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) project, the most promising strategies should analyze the environmental impact, socio-economic efficiency, and their contribution to the existing or future water resource conditions in the region. The challenge of such studies is to combine and quantify a wide range of criteria from the environment and society. This necessity leads to an integrated concept and analysis. This paper outlines an integrated approach considering environmental, health, social and economic aspects to support in the decision-making process to implement a managed aquifer recharge project as a potential response to water resource problems. In order to demonstrate the approach in detail, this paper analysed several water resources management strategies based on MAR implementation, by using treated wastewater in the Northern Gaza Strip and the potential impacts of the strategies on groundwater resources, agriculture, environment, health, economy and society. Based on the Palestinian water policy (Year 2005–2025) on wastewater reuse, three MAR strategies were developed in close cooperation with the local decision makers. The strategies were compared with a base line strategy referred to as the so-called “Do Nothing Approach”. The results of the study show that MAR project implementation with treated wastewater at a maximum rate, considered together with sustainable development of groundwater, is the best and most robust strategy amongst those analyzed. The analysis shows the defined MAR strategies contribute to water resources development and environmental protection or improvement including an existing eutrophic lake. The integrated approach used in this paper may be applicable not only to MAR project implementation but also to other water resources and environmental development projects.
Monitoring of Non-Point Source Pollutions from an Agriculture Watershed in South China
Authors: Hu Haiying , Huang Guoru
Published: December 2014

Understanding the characteristics of non-point sources (NPS) pollutions can provide theoretical support for improving water quality. Siheshui watershed located in south China was selected to explore the characteristics of NPS pollutions in rainfall-runoff process. In this small agricultural watershed, five flood events and one non-flood event were monitored, and the water quantity and quality constituents were measured. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) of pollutant constituents in runoff flows were estimated. It is shown that the EMCs of BOD5, CODMn, TSS, TP, TN, and NH3-N in the flood events are remarkably larger than those in the non-flood event. The antecedent precipitation has a large effect on the output of the pollutant concentration. The pollutant load fluxes of most pollutant constituents change synchronously with the runoff flows, and the synchronization relationship is better than that between the pollutant concentrations and the runoff flows. The Pearson correlation analysis indicates that the EMCs of CODMn, TP, and TSS are significantly correlated with rainfall runoff characteristics in the flood events, while BOD5, TN, and NH3-N show weak correlations. In addition, the mean concentration method was used to estimate the annual NPS pollution load. It is shown that the proportions of the NPS pollution load to the total pollutant load are more than 80% from 2008 to 2010.
Flood Frequency Analysis for the Annual Peak Flows Simulated by an Event-Based Rainfall-Runoff Model in an Urban Drainage Basin
Authors: Ahn Jeonghwan , Cho Woncheol , Kim Taereem , Shin Hongjoon , Heo Jun-Haeng
Published: December 2014

The proper assessment of design flood is a major concern for many hydrological applications in small urban watersheds. A number of approaches can be used including statistical approach and the continuous simulation and design storm methods. However, each method has its own limitations and assumptions being applied to the real world. The design storm method has been widely used for a long time because of the simplicity of the method, but three critical assumptions are made such as the equality of the return periods between the rainfall and corresponding flood quantiles and the selections of the rainfall hyetograph and antecedent soil moisture conditions. Continuous simulation cannot be applied to small urban catchments with quick responses of runoff to rainfall. In this paper, a new flood frequency analysis for the simulated annual peak flows (FASAP) is proposed. This method employs the candidate rainfall events selected by considering a time step order of five minutes and a sliding duration without any assumptions about the conventional design storm method in an urban watershed. In addition, the proposed methodology was verified by comparing the results with the conventional method in a real urban watershed.
MULTI PERIOD PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR THE SITE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Lin Yung-Yu , Pan Nai-Hsin
Published: December 2014

Performance assessment is an important task for the property management company to measure the performance of site, to evaluate and rank the sites, and to trace the main indices resulting in worse performance. Therefore, this study proposes a multi period performance assessment model. A performance scale with twelve indices is adopted to measure the site performance. The raw data can be transformed to be comparable by the proposed linear preprocessing method with specification limits. The priority is ranked by the integrated method with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution and the signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, the main indices resulting in worse performance can be identified by the proposed tracing method. An illustrative example of real case is adopted to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model. Results show the proposed model can obtain a more reliable result.
EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND REFURBISHMENT BUDGETING METHOD SCHROEDER
Authors: Christen Markus , Schroeder Jules , Wallbaum Holger
Published: December 2014

The method Schroeder is accepted amongst real estate professionals in Switzerland as a near standard for condition monitoring, budgeting of maintenance and refurbishment, and strategic decision support in point of building portfolios. It is based on the devaluation curves of 12 or more building elements. Main results are the actual and the prognosticated future building condition in percentage of its reinstatement value, the residual useful service life of building elements, and the calculation of future maintenance and refurbishment costs. 25 years after its first publication, this paper analyses the assumptions made, compares the method to other methods in this field, and validates the method in several steps, based on scientific or empirical evidence. Furthermore, a desktop simulation of a well-documented portfolio was performed and compared, the answers from a questionnaire amongst users are provided, and the partially controversial conclusions are discussed.
Héros-victime, une figure d'identification pour les jeunes des quartiers populaires
Authors: Bordet Joëlle
Published: December 2014

Cet article a pour sujet les figures d’identification héroïque à l’adolescence pour les jeunes des quartiers populaires. Nous analysons comment ces figures ont évolué depuis leur création dans les années 1960, comment d’un héroïsme caractérisé par la figure du justicier et la rivalité des bandes, elles se combinent aujourd’hui avec des figures héroïques à l’œuvre dans des conflits médiatisés, pris dans la mondialisation. Nous montrons comment les jeunes filles elles-mêmes sont présentes et actives à ce propos.
La crise, une destruction créatrice
Authors: Soulage François
Published: December 2014

Résumé L’auteur montre que la crise de l’euro a révélé l’absence d’une conscience publique sur l’importance d’une politique financière solidaire. Le refus de l’Allemagne d’aider la Grèce est l’exemple même d’absence d’une conscience publique sur la nécessité d’une telle politique. L’Allemagne a été contrainte d’intervenir en faveur de la Grèce pour soutenir l’euro. Elle a fait de même vis-à-vis de l’Espagne avec toujours les mêmes réticences. Cette crise a mis en évidence la fragilité des budgets de l’ensemble des pays de la zone euro qui avaient pris l’habitude de vivre à crédit. C’est pourquoi la question de la résorption des déficits publics est devenue aussi primordiale. Il convient donc de redonner sa place à l’action publique, dans un rapport organisé avec la société civile qui est capable de donner à l’action publique les fondements et la légitimité que celle-ci semble avoir perdue à l’occasion de cette crise.
espaces communs
Authors: Lalande Aude , Tuleu Benoît
Published: December 2014

Résumé avant-propos
donner à penser
Authors: Mouton Marie-Dominique
Published: December 2014

Résumé troubles dans les fonds de recherche des bibliothèques
Viatica (extraits)
Authors: Zawacki Andrew
Published: December 2014

Résumé poésie américaine
vie du boxeur J.
Authors: Bouhénic Pascale
Published: December 2014

Résumé "Pour les blancs, c’est un ouragan"
dix films
Authors: Vermeersch Laure
Published: December 2014

Résumé retour sur la série documentaire Why Democracy?
Robert Adams, malgré
Authors: Bertrand Anne
Published: December 2014

Résumé histoires de la photographie américaine
Le verbe absent
Authors: Borreil Jean
Published: December 2014

Résumé Exils, 1991.
Strass et stigma
Authors: Ponticelli Adèle , Carle Zoé , Guillibert Paul
Published: December 2014

Résumé Un syndicat pour les travailleuses du sexe.
Petite tectonique de la danse
Authors: Laurichesse Floriane , Lalande Aude
Published: December 2014

Résumé Entretien avec Nicolas Le Riche : une carrière à l’Opéra de Paris.
Structure de propriété et divulgation volontaire sur internet : cas des entreprises tunisiennes cotées non financières
Authors: Kammoun Aïda , Khrifech Dhouha
Published: December 2014

L’objectif principal de cet article est d’analyser l’impact de la structure de propriété sur l’étendue de la divulgation volontaire des informations sur le web. Plus spécifiquement, il étudie la relation entre les caractéristiques de la structure de propriété (concentration et nature des actionnaires) et la publication des informations financières sur Internet par les entreprises tunisiennes cotées non financières. La variable endogène, « Divulgation Volontaire sur Internet », est mesurée par un score non pondéré relatif au contenu et à la forme de présentation du site Web. En considérant un panel de trente entreprises tunisiennes cotées non financières sur une période de 4 ans (2005-2008), la régression a montré que la propriété institutionnelle, la concentration de la propriété et la taille de l’entreprise sont des déterminants du niveau de la divulgation volontaire sur Internet en Tunisie.
The Financial Impact of Staff Development
Authors: Lindy Cheryl , Reiter Peg
Published: December 2014

Staff development educators need to refine their skills in measuring the impact of education activities on the organization’s bottom line. Without this ability, when organizations are seeking to cut costs, the resources allocated to the education department are often reduced or eliminated. This article guides readers in identifying the organization’s bottom line. Basic principles of budgeting, a template to calculate the actual costs of individual education activities, and methods to measure the impact of these activities on the organization’s bottom line are included. A case study is used to demonstrate the process.
Concussion Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention
Authors: Kerr Hamish A.
Published: December 2014

Concussion in children is frequently related to participation in sports. It requires a traumatic event to occur that transmits acceleration to the brain. Some children may have intrinsic risk factors that place them at greater risk for this type of injury. Comorbidities such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, migraine headaches, and mood disorders may place athletes at increased risk of more severe injury. A previous concussion is probably the most important influence on risk for future injury. Extrinsic risk factors include coaching techniques, officiating, and choice of sport. Helmet choice does not diminish concussion risk, nor does the use of mouth guards. Education of athletes, coaches, parents, and physicians is very important in improving recognition of potential concussive injury and helping child athletes and their parents understand the risks involved in sport participation.

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Pediatr Ann.
2014;43(12):e309–e315.]
Implementation of a Home-Based Interactive Training System for Fall Prevention: Requirements and Challenges
Authors: Kiselev Jörn , Haesner Marten , Gövercin Mehmet , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth
Published: December 2014

A critical need exists for rehabilitation for improving older adults’ physical abilities, especially in the field of fall prevention. Although virtual reality and ambient-assistive technology-based approaches are promising, they are cost intensive and frequently face significant obstacles during the developmental process. The authors of the current article developed a motivational interactive training system for fall prevention and stroke rehabilitation and planned a pilot study to measure its usability, user acceptance, and effect on physical abilities and quality of life. Usability results from a field trial are presented. The purpose of the current article is to describe the technological and organizational problems during the development process and field trial. Recommendations for overcoming these barriers are described. These experiences should be taken into account when planning further field trials with assistive technology and older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(1), 14–19.]
Phakic Intraocular Lens Explantation: Causes in 240 Cases
Authors: Alió Jorge L. , Toffaha Bader T. , Peña-Garcia Pablo , Sádaba Luis Manuel , Barraquer Rafael I.
Published: December 2014

PURPOSE:

To describe the main causes of explantation of phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) according to the anatomical site of implantation (angle supported, iris fixated, or posterior chamber).

METHODS:

This multicentric, retrospective, and consecutive study sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Health comprised a total of 240 eyes (226 patients) explanted due to PIOL complications. Clinical data of 144 angle-supported lenses, 24 iris-fixated lenses, and 72 posterior chamber lenses explanted were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Mean age of the patients at explantation was 46.30 ± 11.84 years (range: 25 to 80 years). The mean time between implantation and explantation was 381.14 ± 293.55 weeks (range: 0.00 to 1,551.17 weeks). It was 422.33 ± 287.81 weeks for the angle-supported group, 488.03 ± 351.95 weeks for the iris-fixated group, and 234.11 ± 4,221.60 weeks for the posterior chamber group. It was 8.10 ± 5.52 years for the angle-supported group, 9.36 ± 6.75 years for the iris-fixated group, and 4.49 ± 4.25 years for the posterior chamber group. This period of time was significantly shorter in the posterior chamber group (
P
< .001). Overall, the main causes of explantation were cataract formation (132 eyes, 55%), endothelial cell loss (26 eyes, 10.83%), corneal decompensation (22 eyes, 9.17%), PIOL dislocation/decentration (16 eyes, 6.67%), inadequate PIOL size or power (12 eyes, 5%), and pupil ovalization (10 cases, 4.17%). Cataract development was the cause of explantation in 51.39% of angle-supported cases, 45.83% of iris-fixated cases, and 65.28% of posterior chamber cases. Endothelial cell loss was the cause of explantation in 15.97% of angle-supported PIOLs, 8.33% of iris-fixated PIOLs, and 1.39% of posterior chamber PIOLs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cataract is the main cause of PIOL explantation, especially in posterior chamber PIOLs. In the angle-supported group, endothelial cell loss was the second cause of explantation.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(1):30–35.]
Infrastructure as a Service
Authors: Hossain Shamim
Published: December 2014

Infrastructure as a Service is the pillar on which a cloud computing architecture is built. With the advancement of technologies in communications, computing, and storage devices, IaaS has emerged as a highly efficient platform to construct SaaS and PaaS layer on top of it. IaaS solutions vary from an organization to another. One single solution does not fit all. This chapter looks at the general constituents of IaaS.
Mobile Cloud Computing
Authors: Costa Jorge E. F. , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C.
Published: December 2014

Mobile devices have gained great importance in the daily lives of people. Smartphones and tablet computers make people's lives easier by being more useful and offering more capabilities and services for a plethora of activities. Those devices include various sensing modules for collecting location information related to navigation, gravity, and orientation, which bring a diversity and intelligent ubiquitous mobile experience to users. In this chapter, cloud computing and mobile cloud computing are addressed in order to give insight about the topic and offer an important overview for this book. The diverse research definitions of these emerging technologies and contributions to enhance users' lives are considered. Furthermore, the technologies and identified advantages to improve and justify the strong use of mobile cloud are discussed. Relevant mobile cloud computing applications are presented, showing good results and a promising future for mobile cloud computing technologies.
Energy-Efficiency in a Cloud Computing Backbone
Authors: Kantarci Burak , Mouftah Hussein T.
Published: December 2014

Cloud computing combines the advantages of several computing paradigms and introduces ubiquity in the provisioning of services such as software, platform, and infrastructure. Data centers, as the main hosts of cloud computing services, accommodate thousands of high performance servers and high capacity storage units. Offloading the local resources increases the energy consumption of the transport network and the data centers although it is advantageous in terms of energy consumption of the end hosts. This chapter presents a detailed survey of the existing mechanisms that aim at designing the Internet backbone with data centers and the objective of energy-efficient delivery of the cloud services. The survey is followed by a case study where Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based provisioning models and heuristics are used to guarantee either minimum delayed or maximum power saving cloud services where high performance data centers are assumed to be located at the core nodes of an IP-over-WDM network. The chapter is concluded by summarizing the surveyed schemes with a taxonomy including the cons and pros. The summary is followed by a discussion focusing on the research challenges and opportunities.
Cloud Computing Forensics
Authors: Garcia Mario A.
Published: December 2014

As computer technology evolved over the last 30 years, so did the opportunity to use computers to break the law. Out of necessity, digital forensics was birthed. Computer forensics is the practice of extracting information from the digital media in order to prosecute the individuals that carried out the crime. Forensic challenges presented by cloud computing are vast and complex. If a company becomes the target of a digital criminal investigation and they are using cloud computing, some unique challenges are faced by a digital forensics examiner. The data in the cloud only represents a “snapshot” of when it was sent to the cloud. Establishing a chain of custody for the data would become difficult or impossible if its integrity and authenticity cannot be fully determined. There are also potential forensic issues when the customer or user exits a cloud application. Items subject to forensic analysis, such as registry entries, temporary files, and other artifacts are lost, making malicious activity difficult to prove. The challenges of applying forensics to a cloud environment are tied to cloud security. This chapter discusses securing a cloud environment and how that would help with the forensic analysis.
A Theoretical Foundation of Demand Driven Web Services
Authors: Sun Zhaohao , Yearwood John
Published: December 2014

Web services are playing a pivotal role in business, management, governance, and society with the dramatic development of the Internet and the Web. However, many fundamental issues are still ignored to some extent. For example, what is the unified perspective to the state-of-the-art of Web services? What is the foundation of Demand-Driven Web Services (DDWS)? This chapter addresses these fundamental issues by examining the state-of-the-art of Web services and proposing a theoretical and technological foundation for demand-driven Web services with applications. This chapter also presents an extended Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), eSMACS SOA, and examines main players in this architecture. This chapter then classifies DDWS as government DDWS, organizational DDWS, enterprise DDWS, customer DDWS, and citizen DDWS, and looks at the corresponding Web services. Finally, this chapter examines the theoretical, technical foundations for DDWS with applications. The proposed approaches will facilitate research and development of Web services, mobile services, cloud services, and social services.
A Stable Matching Algorithm for VM Migration to Improve Energy Consumption and QOS in Cloud Infrastructures
Authors: Kella Abdelaziz , Belalem Ghalem
Published: December 2014

Cloud Computing is one of the fast spreading technologies for providing utility-based IT services to its users. Large-scale virtualized datacenters are established in order to provide these services. Based on a pay-as-you-go model, it enables hosting of pervasive applications from consumer, scientific, and business domains. However, datacenters hosting Cloud applications consume huge amounts of electrical energy, contributing to high operational cost for the service providers as well as for the service users. Energy consumption can be reduced by live migration of virtual machines (VM) as required and by switching off idle physical machines (PM). Therefore, we propose an approach that finds a stable matching fair to both VMs and PMs, to improve the energy consumption without affecting the quality of service, instead of favoring either side because of a deferred acceptance procedure. The approach presumes two dynamics thresholds, and prepares those virtual machines on the physical machines that the load is over one of the two presumed values to be migrated. Before migrating all those VMs, we use the Coase theorem to determine the number of VMs to migrate for optimal costs. Our approach aims to improve energy consumption of the datacenters, while delivering an expected Quality of Service.
Performance Evaluation of Secure Data Transmission Mechanism (SDTM) for Cloud Outsourced Data and Transmission Layer Security (TLS)
Authors: Alhaj Abdullah A.
Published: December 2014

The Cloud has become a significant topic in computing; however, the trend has established a new range of security issues that need to be addressed. In Cloud, the data and associated software are not under their control. In addition, with the growing demands for Cloud networks communication. With the increasing demand for computer communications the need for security is growing dramatically. The existing research related to security mechanisms focuses on security of the data transmission in the communication networks only. The authors developed specific Secure Data Transmission Mechanism (S SDTM) for cloud outsourced data is a set of technologies and solutions to enforce security policy and bandwidth compliance on all devices seeking to access network computing resources, in order to limit damage from emerging security threats and to allow network access only to compliant and trusted endpoint devices. IPSec is a suite of protocols that adds security to communications at the IP level. Protocols within the IPSec suite make extensive use of cryptographic algorithms. Since these algorithms are computationally sophisticated, some hardware accelerators are needed to support high throughput. In this paper, the authors compare between secure data transmission mechanism for cloud outsourced data with preemption control algorithm and TLS to improve the properties of the S SDTM and the Virtual Private Networks (VPN) built with both protocols.