bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible involvement of adenosine triphosphate in the mechanisms of protein sensibilization effect on the functional properties of the diaphragm and skeletal muscles
Authors: Teplov A Yu , Farkhutdinov A M , Grishin S N , Minnebaev M M , Torshin V I
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the effect of adenosine triphosphate on the contractile function and non-quantum secretion of acetylcholine at the endplate zone (H-effect) of isolated mouse muscles on the background of protein sensibilization. Methods. The experiments were performed on white mice. Sensibilization was carried out by ovalbumin with an aluminum hydroxide gel. Mechanomyography studies were performed on isolated preparations of the diaphragm and of two leg muscles in isometric conditions. The contractions were recorded by a photoelectric converter. In order to study the condition of the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fibers measured was the non-quantum secretion of acetylcholine. Compared were the parameters of muscle contraction before and after 5 min of perfusion with a solution of adenosine triphosphate. Results. In the diaphragm and in the soleus muscle the dynamics of the force vector of the muscular contraction correlated with the changes in the H-effect in all the studied experimental models. However, the extent of these changes in the sensibilized animals is less pronounced. Conclusion. It is possible that adenosine triphosphate affects the functional properties of both muscle during protein sensibilization; the change in the contraction force of the long extensor digitorum muscle during sensibilization is not related to the mechanisms of muscle excitation, mediated by adenosine triphosphate.
Mathematical modeling of the health condition of medical workers
Authors: Ermolina T A , Shishova A V , Martynova N A , Kalinin A G , Krasilnikov S V
Published: November 2019

Aim. To create a mathematical model for identification of the relationship between the health of medical workers and the social and occupational factors, as well as a number of laboratory parameters. Methods. In an oncological hospital conducted was a cross-sectional study of the immune status of medical workers, principally the content of subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes. The model «level of health of medical workers» is based on an examination of 96 members of the medical staff who work on radiation emitting equipment, which were divided into five groups according to the nosological forms of identified diseases. The control group consisted of 98 individuals of the same medical facility, who are office workers. Results. In the individuals, who are exposed to radiation, revealed was a reduction in the functional activity of T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in the activity of natural killer cells. In the first and fifth groups (risk of tumors and diseases of the nervous system) noted was a sharp decrease in the expression of the antigens of the major histocompatibility complex system, and a reduction of the number of HLA-DR cells. In the first and second groups (risk of tumors and respiratory diseases) a decrease in the number of cells with receptors for transferrin CD71 occurred. Conclusion. The presented method of mathematical interpretation of the immunological parameters of blood will make it possible to determine the appurtenance of new study objects to a particular risk group, that is, to identify a predisposition to various diseases.
To the centenary of the death of an outstanding russian pediatrician Petr Mikhailovich Argutinskiy-Dolgorukov
Authors: Pikuza O I , Shoshina N K , Faizullina R A
Published: November 2019

In this article described were the main milestones of life of the founder of the pediatric school in Kazan - Professor P.M. Argutinskiy-Dolgoruky. He made great efforts to organize the teaching of pediatrics in Kazan University at the European level, was one of the founders of a new pediatric hospital on the Arskiy field in 1900. Professor P.M. Argutinskiy-Dolgorukov devoted his scientific career mainly to the study of infectious diseases. In Russia P.M. Argutinskiy-Dolgorukov was the founder of the studies of malaria in children. Progressive methods of diagnosis and treatment were introduced into the clinical practice under the guidance of the Professor, including such as the method of treatment of scarlet fever with the Moser serum, the study of measles, X-ray examinations at the patient’s bedside.
Comparative analysis of the interleukin-28b gene alleles in patients with hepatitis C monoinfection and combined HIV/hepatitis C infection
Authors: Fazylov V K , Manapova E R , Tkacheva S V , Yakupova F M , Beshimov A T
Published: November 2019

Aim. To identify the frequency and to perform the comparative analysis of IL-28B genotypes distribution in patients with hepatitis C (HCV) mono-infection and combined HIV/HCV infection. Methods. 101 patients (65% - males, average age 33.85±0.62 years) were included in the study. The first group (n=58) - patients with HCV mono-infection, second (n=43) - patients with combined HIV/HCV infection. Single nucleotides polymorphism at rs8099917 and rs12979860 locuses of IL-28B gene was performed using the «AmpliSens Genoscreen-IL28V-FL» reagent kit in the viral hepatitis laboratory of the molecular diagnostics department, CSRIE, Moscow. The baseline activity of HCV infection was determined by RNA-HCV viral load 400 000 copies/mL and alanine aminotransferase level (ALT). In the first group high RNA-HCV viral load (400 000 copies/mL) was observed in 30 (51.7%) patients, mean ALT level was 72.79±9.85 U/L; in the second group high HCV-RNA viral load was detected in 35 (81.4%) patients, mean ALT level was 85.46±7.73 U/L. In the group with combined infection 26 (60.5%) of patients received antiretroviral therapy (ART); in 14 (53.8%) of them there was no detectable viral load. The median absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes was 0.400±0.04 cells/μL, median percentage - 25.41%±2.41. In 17 (39.5%) treatment-naïve patients the viral load was low (10 000 copies/mL), in 11 (64.8%) of these patients mean CD4+ count was 0.470±0.04 cells/μL (25.33%±2.15); the term of HIV antibodies detection was 6.89±0.53 years. The sensitivity of the PCR method for the qualitative detection of HCV-RNA was 111.1 copies/mL, quantitative - 275 copies/mL, for HIV-RNA - 150 copies/mL. Results. In patients with HCV mono-infection the rate of unfavorable IL-28B CT and TT rs12979860 genotypes and ТG and GG rs8099917 genotypes was 45 (77.6%) и 26 (44.8%) correspondingly, favorable СС rs12979860 and ТТ rs8099917 genotypes were registered in 13 (22.4%) and 32 (55.1%) patients correspondingly. In patients with HIV/HCV infection (n=43) unfavorable IL-28B CT and TT rs12979860 genotypes and ТG and GG rs8099917 genotypes were detected in 20 (46.5%) и 13 (30.2%) of cases, and favorable СС rs12979860 and ТТ rs8099917 genotypes - in 23 (53.5%) and 30 (69.8%) of cases correspondingly. Conclusion. Results show that favorable CC rs12979860 and TT rs8099917 genotypes of the IL-28B and their combination are found quite frequently in patients with mixed HCV/HIV infection, particularly in patients with HCV genotype 3, these patients also had more significant inflammatory reaction and high HCV RNA viral load compared to HCV mono-infected patients.
Some pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic prostatitis
Authors: Zaitsev D N
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the relation of autonomic disorders severity, energy and lipid metabolism parameters, immune, hormonal disorders and structural and functional changes of the myocardium in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods. The study included 75 patients with chronic prostatitis, who were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 48 patients with the sympathetic autonomous nervous system hyper activation, the second group - of 27 patients with autonomic balance. Echocardiography, 24-hour ECG monitoring with heart rate variability analysis were performed in all patients. The overall serum level of non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol, red blood cells levels of macroergic substances, lipid and long-chain fatty acids fractions were measured. Hormonal profile included estimation of total testosterone level, sex hormone-binding globulin, calculated free testosterone index. Serum cytokines profile was also studied. Results. In patients with sympathetic activity and prostatitis, most of heart rate variability parameters were significantly lower compared to patients with autonomic balance and controls. Patients with left ventricle diastolic dysfunction had higher serum concentrations of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Dysautonomia with prolonged sympathetic autonomous nervous system hyper activation was frequently found in patient with chronic prostatitis (64% of cases), contributing to low fatty acids utilization in myocardium and reduced levels of glycerol (by 32.3%) and adenosine triphosphate (by 49.5%) in erythrocytes. These disorders were accompanied by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in 19.2% of patients and by arrhythmias in over than a half of patients. Conclusion. Autonomic disorders (sympathetic autonomous nervous system hyper activation associated with decreased parasympathetic control of the cardiovascular system) are quite common in patients with chronic prostatitis, leading to fatty acids utilization impairment, resulting in blood accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids, low serum glycerol levels, adenine nucleotide imbalance) accompanied by low unbound testosterone level, serum cytokines profile imbalance, reduction of cardiac hemodynamic indicators and development of cardiac arrhythmias.
Traumatic hand amputations, the analysis of medical aid on different levels of rural healthcare
Authors: Petrushin A L
Published: November 2019

Aim. The analysis of diagnostic and management measures offered for patients with traumatic hand amputations at different levels of rural healthcare. Methods. The medical charts of 115 patients [including 98 (85.2%) in-patients] aged 14 to 67 years with complete and incomplete traumatic hand amputation treated since 1985 to 2010 were analysed. Results. 81 (70.4%) of patients were of working age, 18 (15.7%) - adolescents (up to 18 years of age). 65 (56.5%) of patients were blue-collar workers, 6 (5.2%) - white-collar workers, 19 (16.5%) - students, 12 (10.4%) - unemployed, 13 (11.3%) - retired. Occupational injuries were registered in 25 (21.7%) of patients, including 24 (36.9%) blue-collar workers and 1 (16.7%) white-collar worker. Traumatic hand amputations due to incised wounds were registered in 1 (0.9%) case, due to bites - 1 (0.9%) case, due to chopped wound - in 26 (22.6%) cases, due to lacerated wounds - in 35 (30.4%) cases, due to high-energy trauma - in 45 (39.1%) cases. No trauma mechanism was registered in patient’s medical charts for 7 (6.1%) cases. Traumatic hand amputations at wrist level were registered in 2 (1.7%) cases, at finger level - in 113 (98.7%) cases. The primary care was provided in regional paramedic stations and regional hospitals to 71 (61.7%) patients. High-energy traumas had the most unfavorable clinical course and were associated with worst prognosis. The chosen reconstructive surgery type depended on the mechanism of trauma, wound shape and size and the condition of surrounding tissues. The local reconstructive surgery was the most frequent choice. Complications were observed in 11.2% of cases (in 27.1% of high-energy trauma cases). Patients became constantly disabled in 4.3% of cases. Most of the medical errors were made at primary care level, including unjustified rejection of wound debridement and improper finger stump debridement. Conclusion. To optimize the medical aid for patients with traumatic hand amputations a continuous theoretical training of medical staff, providing emergency care, in quarterly seminars, is needed. Patients with traumatic hand amputations should be admitted directly to the hospital emergency room, bypassing the outpatient services.
Required frequency of ultrasonography for detection of thrombosis with high risk for embolism in patients with malignancies
Authors: Kamalov I A , Agliullin I R , Tukhbatullin M G , Safin I R
Published: November 2019

Aim. To determine the optimal terms for detection of thrombosis with high risk for embolism in patients with malignancies receiving specialized treatment. Methods. 117 patients (50 males, 67 females - the main group) with malignancies were randomly picked out (using the random numbers tables) underwent daily ultrasonography of inferior vena cava tributaries for detection of thrombosis with high risk for embolism. Ultrasonography of inferior vena cava distal part, both common iliac veins and veins of lower extremities was done in patients while on surgical treatment, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The control group consisted of 130 patients (58 males, 72 females) with malignancies in whom ultrasonography was performed only if clinical signs of venous thrombosis were present. Results. Ultrasonic features of venous blood flow decrease (spontaneous contrast phenomenon) in veins of lower extremities were found in 27 out of 117 main group patients on the second day. On the third day features of saphenous veins thrombosis were found in 13 patients. On the fourth day, 4 patients were diagnosed with iliofemoral thrombosis. 5 more patients developed ultrasonic features of venous blood flow decrease (spontaneous contrast phenomenon) on the fourth and fifth day. Signs of thrombosis progression and floating thrombus were found in 6 patients on the 6th and 7th day. No fatal cases of pulmonary embolism were registered in the main group. 10 patients of the control group had clinical signs of inferior vena cava tributaries and underwent distal part of inferior vena cava, both common iliac veins and veins of lower extremities ultrasonography while on specialized treatment. 5 cases of pulmonary embolism were reported in the rest of the control group patients (120 patients). Conclusion. Inferior vena cava tributaries thrombosis with high risk for embolism in patients with malignancies can be reliably detected by repeating ultrasonography every 3-4 days; Reliable diagnosis of thrombosis with high risk for embolism by means of ultrasonography during the post-surgical period allows to prevent pulmonary embolism in a timely and targeted manner.
The role of interfering RNA in immune response proliferative processes regulation in experimental model of endometrial cancer associated with thyroid disease
Authors: Zaporozhan V M , Maryniuk G S , Kholodkova O L , Andronov D U
Published: November 2019

Aim. To assess the proliferation and dendritic cells markers expression degree at short interference RNA (siRNA) transfection in endometrial cancer associated with experimental thyroid disease. Methods. Experiments were performed on female rats distributed to five groups: I - control group; IIA and IIIА - animals with simulated hypo-and hyperthyroidism and transplanted Guérin’s carcinoma, IIВ and IIIB - animals with simulated hypo- and hyperthyroidism and transplanted Guérin’s carcinoma in combination with siRNA transfection. Orthogonal tumor dimensions were measured starting from the 7-th day after tumor suspension inoculation. Proliferation and dendritic cells markers expression were assessed in tumor samples by immunohistochemistry after the exclusion of animals from the experiment. Results. siRNA inhibitory effect was more marked in animals with hypothyroidism, indicating an important role of thyroid hormones in regulating cell cycle controlling genes expression. Transfection of siRNA increased mature dendritic cells (CD83) expression in tumor tissue in animals with hypothyroidism and increased immature dendritic cells (CD1a) expression in tumor tissue in animals with hyperthyroidism. Conclusion. siRNA transfection inhibits the tumor cells proliferation mainly at hypothyroidism compared to hyperthyroidism.
Cardiac syndrome X. the possible role of Na+-Li+-countertransport activity and other pathophysiological mechanisms in pathogenesis
Authors: Oslopov V N , Oslopova Y V , Borisov D V
Published: November 2019

There are numerous pathophysiological mechanisms unequally responsible for the cardiac syndrome X development. The most important is endothelium and smooth muscle cells dysfunction that can intensify vasoconstriction and depress both endothelium-dependant and endothelium-independent vasodilatation, finally leading to coronary micro vascular dysfunction as the basis of the cardiac syndrome X pathogenesis. Together with other possible mechanisms of pathogenesis, studying the importance of increased cell membrane Na+-Li+-countertransport activity seems promising. If was found that a significant number of patients with cardiac syndrome X have increased Na+-Li+-countertransport activity, which is an in vitro marker of Na+-H+-antiporter. Therefore, it is important to measure Na+-Li+-countertransport speed in patients with coronary heart disease, because its high levels increases the chance for cardiac syndrome X, which is a coronary heart disease with no anatomic signs of coronary arteries involvement.
The role of radiotherapy at specialized treatment of malignant tumors and technical equipment of radiotherapy service in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Morov O V , Khasanov R S , Chernichenko A V , Giliazutdinov I A , Shakirov K T
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the qualitative indicators for radiotherapy of patients with malignancies and the level of technical equipment of radiotherapy service in the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. The incidence of malignant tumors, the number of patients treated with radiotherapy at the Tatarstan Regional Clinical Cancer Center since 2002 to 2012 were assessed. The comparative analysis of relative parameters characterizing the radiotherapy service and the level of technical equipment of radiotherapy service in the Republic of Tatarstan compared to Turkey and Japan. Results. The increase in number of patients treated with radiotherapy over time was noted. Nevertheless, compared to data from Turkey and Japan, the share of patients who offered radiotherapy as a method of complex treatment of patients with malignancies in the Republic of Tatarstan stays below the recommended levels compared to Turkey and Japan. Only 18.4% of patients receive radiotherapy during the first year of the disease. The remote radiotherapy equipment rate in the Republic of Tatarstan is twice lower compared to Turkey and Japan. Only 50% of the minimal recommended technical equipment units quantity for remote radiotherapy are available in the Republic of Tatarstan, with over than a half of this number out-of-date. Conclusion. Healthcare optimization and wide use of out-patient service along with modernizing the radiotherapy service allowed to increase the coverage of patients with malignancies with radiotherapy during the last years, hence the use of radiotherapy as a method of complex treatment of patients with malignancies in the Republic of Tatarstan stays below the recommended levels, to increase in further, the re-equipment of the radiotherapy service with the modern equipment for remote radiotherapy is necessary.
Modern approaches to the rehabilitation of the drug addicts
Authors: Shaidukova L K
Published: November 2019

The aim of the presented paper is to analyze the approaches to the non-pharmaceutical rehabilitation of the drug addicts based on the example of the Social and Rehabilitative Centre «Roza Vetrov» of the municipal pedagogic institution «Podrostok». The following rehabilitative approaches were used: (1) labor and environmental rehabilitation; (2) group and family psychotherapy; (3) different trainings; (4) supported employment and workplace accommodation. Destigmatization is an obligatory psychotherapeutical procedure starting the rehabilitation. Rehabilitative environment is a special micro social group with adjusted behavior. Trainings are a complex of psycho corrective procedures with different targets. Adaptive psychotherapy is the necessary part of the rehabilitation and bringing the patients back to the micro social group they are used to be a member of. Family psychotherapy is performed by discussing the problems of co-abuse, possible options of manipulative behavior in drug addicts and their families. At the stage of workplace accommodation and professional orientation behavior modes are formed, necessary for successful entry into the professional labor.
The global impact of Kazan neurohistochemical school and its founder professor A.N. Mislavsky; cherishing the traditions in further studies
Authors: Shvalev V N
Published: November 2019

Kazan school of neurohistology has a 150 years history. It became famous while headed by Aleksandr Nikolaevich Mislavsky. Honoured scientist of Russian Federation, Professor A.N. Mislavsky headed the faculty of histology of Kazan Medical Institute since 1921 till 1958. Well-known physicians V.S. Zimnitsky and I.M. Oxman worked under A.N. Mislavsky’s supervision, studying innervation of respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary and other organ systems. An utterly new data on afferent and efferent nerve elements ratios in digestive tract, including concept of type 1 and 2 Dogiel cells were internationally acknowledged. Being a student of Professor K.A. Arnstein, a founder of Kazan school of neurohistology, A.N. Mislavsky favored the foundation of a number of crucial centers conducting research on neuromorphology. Perspectives of neurohistology development in Kazan are linked to keeping up with basic for Kazan school of neurohistology studies, including studying nervous system phylogenesis and ontogenesis and the significance of dysgenesis in disease development using novel research techniques.
Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic blood systems in patients with arterial hypertension stage III
Authors: Mirsaeva G Kh , Khakimova R A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To measure the indicators of the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic blood systems activity in patients with arterial hypertension after suffering a hemorrhagic stroke. Methods. 82 patients with arterial hypertension were examined at different terms after suffering a hemorrhagic stroke. Antithrombin III activity, total blood fibrinolytic activity and D-dimer levels, as well as tissue plasminogen activator activity and antigen levels were studied. Patients were examined at admission before standard treatment initiation and at discharge. Tissue plasminogen activator activity and its antigen level were determined at admission. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 8 (StatSoft) integrated package for Windows. Results. Inhibited fibrinolytic activity and an imbalance of its components, as well as reduced levels and activity of antithrombin III and signs of fibrin formation were revealed in patients with arterial hypertension stage III at different periods after suffering hemorrhagic stroke. Changes were most evident in early and late recovery periods after suffered cerebral stroke. Subsequent follow-up for over-a-year term after suffered cerebral stroke revealed a trend for normalization of these indicators. The study of tissue plasminogen activator activity and levels of its antigen showed significant changes in these parameters. Analysis of the obtained results for all patients with hypertension, regardless of the period of hemorrhagic stroke, showed the reduction of the antigen tissue plasminogen activator level and its increased activity. After in-patient treatment, there was a trend for improvement in all studied parameters without their complete normalization. Conclusion. The results suggest an activation of intravascular clotting in parients with arterial hypertension who suffered a hemorrhagic stroke, increasing the risk for further cardiovascular complications.
Treatment compliance of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Malykhin F T , Baturin V A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the compliance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods. The study included 95 in-patients of pulmonology unit with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in whom Morisky-Green questionnaire and interviews using modernized questionnaires were used to assess patients’ compliance. Results. The willingness to cooperate with a doctor was shown by 57.9% of patients, and 42.1% showed low motivation. An average compliance index was 2.44±0.16. The number of non-compliant males (61.4%) was 2.4 times higher compared to females (25.5%). Treatment compliance was associated with lower education level: good compliance was shown by 75.0% of patients with secondary education, 63.5% with special secondary education, and only by 50% of patients with higher education. However, among compliant patients with higher education, only 73.3% of patients had partial compliance, compared to 57.6% with special secondary education and 100% - with secondary education. Adherence to treatment in male smokers was 1.6 times lower compared to non-smokers. Patients often associated the omissions of taking medicine with forgetfulness in 37.9% of cases, with inattentive attitude to themselves in 22.1%, with fear of toxic and side effects and the desire to «rest» from treatment in 14.7% of cases. Conclusion. Higher compliance is typical for women more than men; for non-smoker males than smokers. Patients with specialized secondary education showed highest compliance.
Cytokine profile of cervical mucus at different forms of papillomavirus infection
Authors: Skidanenko-Levina O V
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cervical secretion in females with cervical epithelial dysplasia and latent papillomavirus infection. Methods. The study included 120 females aged 20 to 40 years with cervical papillomavirus infection, who were assigned to two groups using «case-control» method. The first group included 60 females with latent disease, the second group - 60 females with mild and moderate cervical epithelial dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stages I and II). Cytokine levels in cervical secretion were measured by ELISA using «ProCon» test system. Results. ELISA test showed increased levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 (43 [21; 74] and 48 [12; 88] pg/ml, respectively) and decreased levels of interleukin-2 (18.5 [5.5; 27.5] pg/ml), interleukin-6 (0.6 [0.06; 0.9] pg/ml), tumor necrosis factor alpha (88.5 [0; 123] pg/ml), interferon γ (2 [0; 4] pg/ml) in cervical secretion of females with cervical epithelial dysplasia compared to females with latent papillomavirus infection. Thus, females with cervical epithelial dysplasia showed increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-4 - by 2.7 times and interleukin-10 - by 2.4 times compared to females with latent disease, while levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines was decreased as following: interleukin-2 - by 1.4 times, interleukin-6 - by 4.5 times, tumor necrosis factor alpha - by 1.8 times, interferon γ - by 6.3 times (p 0.05). Conclusion. Imbalance of immune response cytokine regulation with anti-inflammatory cytokines prevailing might be an important factor facilitating persistence of papillomavirus in cervical epithelium and contributing to cervical epithelial dysplasia onset and progression.
Prognostic value of cell-mediated immunity changes in patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome undergoing simultaneous surgical operations
Authors: Gerbali O Yu , Kostyrnoy A V , Petrov A V
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the prognostic value of cell-mediated immunity changes in patients with type II diabetes mellitus undergoing simultaneous operations for treatment of cholelithiasis and postoperative ventral hernias. Methods. Two groups of female patients with cholelithiasis and postoperative ventral hernias who underwent planned simultaneous surgical treatment were examined. The firs group included 48 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity. The second group included 48 patients without diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood were isolated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-verografin. Relative and absolute number of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations and FAS-receptor expression were studied by indirect immunofluorescence using specific monoclonal antibodies. Apoptotic cells were determined by fluorescent microscopy after exposure of separated mononuclear leukocytes to DNA dye Hoechst 33342. Results. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus had higher incidence of purulent complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and surgical treatment of ventral hernias (14.6% vs. 2.0%, p 0.01), which was associated with absolute and relative decrease of CD4+ and CD16+ lymphocyte levels and immunoregulatory index and increased spontaneous and FAS-induced apoptosis of mononuclear leukocytes. In patients who developed purulent complications, more significant reduction of the absolute number of CD16+ lymphocytes (34.5±3.8×106/L vs. 76.72±5.16×106/L, p 0.01) and increased spontaneous apoptosis (7.9%±1.1% vs. 2.7±0.3% compared to patients without complications, p 0.01) was determined. Conclusion. Immunological predictors for developing postoperative purulent complications after simultaneous abdominal surgeries in patients with type II diabetes include decreased indicators of spontaneous apoptosis and decreased number of NK-cells.
Medical waste monitoring in a dental outpatient clinic
Authors: Khasanova I K , Khakimov N M , Zakirov I G , Zorina L M , Timerzyanov M I , Shakirov R R
Published: November 2019

Aim. To estimate the amounts and weight of medical waste in the dental outpatient clinic. Methods. Amounts and weight of types A and B medical waste, as well as the number of patients treated in the branch №1 of OAO «City Dentistry», Kazan, Russia from June 2012 to May 2013 were analyzed using the methods of public health statistics. Results. Total amount of type A medical waste was 7516 pieces, with the average amount of 300.6±9.21 per month. Total weight was 8995.3 kg, with the average of 359.8±11.03 kg per month. Total amount of type B medical waste was 6804 per year, with the average of 272.2±5.19 per month, and their total weight was 12090.6 kg, with the average of 483.6±13.39 kg per month. Despite the trend of increasing the absolute amounts and weight of type A and B waste, if calculated per patient treated, these values had a trend for reduction. Medical waste amounts differed between the departments of the outpatient clinics, even between departments providing same medical care. In general, types A and B waste weight was increasing, while amount of waste decreased. Conclusion. Types A and B waste weight depended mainly on the number of treated patients compared to waste amount. Waste weight and amount, if calculated per patient treated, had different trends and were different not only between the departments of surgery, orthopedics and conservative dentistry, but also between different departments of conservative dentistry.
Using visual evoked potential test for revealing lies about drug intake
Authors: Zhbankova O V , Gusev V B , Sazonova A A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the features of visual evoked potential in potential military recruits for revealing lies about drug intake. Methods. 114 subjects were examined. Electroencephalography, urine test for drug traces, polygraph test were performed to reveal the risk factors for drug intake. All subjects were allocated to three groups. First group included potential military recruits who were not taking drugs (34 subjects, 29.8%). Second group included potential military recruits who tried psychoactive drugs for 1-5 times, but in whom no risk factors were revealed on polygraph test (21 subjects, 18.4%). Third group included potential military recruits who tried psychoactive drugs for 5-15 times, and in whom risk factors were revealed on polygraph test (31 subjects, 27.2%). Fourth group included potential military recruits who tried psychoactive drugs for 5-15 times, and had marked risk factors according to polygraph test (28 subjects, 24.6%). Psychoactive substance traces were revealed by urine test in 8 subjects. Graphical representations of different situations associated with drugs intake were used as a stimulus at visual evoked potential test. Results. Changes in visual evoked potential test as a response to a slideshow depicting situations associated with drugs intake might be seen in potential drug addicts long before stereotyping the drug abuse. The most informative parameters of evoked brain activity are amplitudes of 250-550 ms, where a statistically significant difference between the amplitudes of visual evoked potentials in individuals with and without history of drug abuse was revealed. The amplitude of P300 wave in individuals who do not use drugs was significantly higher compared to drug abusers. Software allowing to predict the higher chance of possible drug abuse was developed at the basis of the research. Conclusion. The method of visual evoked potentials showed high predictive value for the diagnosis of drug abuse among possible military recruits; obtained results might be used in the professional selection of persons in hazardous occupations.
Functional properties of mesenchymal multipotent stromal stem cells obtained from bone marrow of patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Agaev B A , Agaev R M , Popandopulo A G , Dzhafarli R E
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study of the functional properties of autologous mesenchymal multipotent stem cells in patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies. Methods. Studied were the functional and phenotypic properties of autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow in 35 patients (26 men and 9 women) with cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 19-53 years. Among the patients studied viral etiology was diagnosed in 18 (51.4%), alcohol - in 13 (37.1%), autoimmune - in 4 (11.4%) patients with liver cirrhosis. Results. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells from all of the observed patients were able to divide. The highest yield and the doubling rate of cell populations were observed in patients with viral cirrhosis. Comparative morphometric study of primary cultures derived stem cells in patients with autoimmune and alcoholic hepatitis, showed the presence of relatively small cells (less than 20 microns), which make up about 30% of the total number of cells. At the same time, in bone marrow derived cell cultures of patients with viral etiology of the disease the number of small cells was 1.5 times greater which makes approximately 49% of the total cell population. The vast majority of cultured stem cells, regardless of the etiology of cirrhosis express specific for these cells «stromal» markers - CD73, CD90 and CD105. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis characterized by the most pronounced pro-inflammatory, immunoregulatory potential. Conclusion. Functional and phenotypic properties of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in various forms of cirrhosis are different which requires adequate cultivation and correction before their transplantation.
Experimental assessment of potassium ions diffusion speed from new gel reducing dental sensitivity
Authors: Kozmenko A N , Belokonov N A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To compare the contents of potassium salts in specialized toothpastes, and to estimate the possibility for potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride. Methods. Toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth: «Sensodyne F» (contains potassium chloride); «PresiDENT Sensitive» (potassium nitrate); «Asepta Sensitive» (potassium citrate) and new gel reducing dental sensitivity (contains potassium chloride) were examined. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoric substances were measures by potentiometry and a special device using tooth slice as a membrane. Results. Considering that toothpaste is applied within 5 minutes, while gel - within 15-20 minutes, it is possible to assume that potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel can be assessed as 41 mg, compared to 5.9±0.5 mg from 1 g of paste №1, 0.4±0.05 mg - №2; 7.8±0.5 mg - №3. So, potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel is 7; 102; 5 times higher (respectively) compared to toothpastes. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules ranged between 0.2 to 1.64 μg/min and depended on the number of membrane potassium channels permeable for potassium. Fluoride toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth reduced the speed of potassium ions diffusion from the solution by 4-7 times by blocking the dentinal tubules. This can be also associated with fluoride-containing protective film formation. Therefore, at the first stage of treatment of teeth hypersensitivity using new gel, it is better to use a toothpaste without fluoride. Conclusion. Compared to the examined toothpastes, new gel for reducing dental sensitivity contains higher number of potassium free ions, which can enter dentinal tubules reducing the effect on free nerve endings. Potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules reduced 4-7-fold after conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride.
Gender features of age-related risk of mortality associated with nervous diseases
Authors: Mamedbeyli A K
Published: November 2019

Aim. To explore the hypothesis of equal age-related risk of mortality associated with nervous diseases in females and males. Methods. Descriptive statistics, qualitative analysis were performed. 13 580 medical certificates of cause of death, all related to nervous diseases (all classes of ICD-10) were analyzed. Results. The mortality rate increased with age. Age-specific mortality rates had gender differences. In most ages (20-24, 30-34, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 65-69), mortality rate was higher in males, at the age of 5-9, 15-19, 60-64, 70 and over - in females. Death relative risk in males of different age groups (compared to the similar rates in females) varied between 0.39 (in the age group of 5-9 years) to 5.93 (in patients aged 20-24 years). Overall, the level of mortality associated with nervous diseases was 130.02±1.69 per 100 000 in males and 163.41±1.86 per 100 000 in females, so, overall mortality rate was 1.25 times higher in females. After adjustment for age differences was performed, no significant differences were found between the groups (146.74 and 144.16 per 100 000 respectively for males and females). Conclusion. Gender features of age-related risk of mortality associated with nervous diseases were characterized by multidirectional alterations of mortality rates and share of nervous diseases among all reasons of mortality. These features were mainly caused by situational factors (different age structure and overall mortality level for males and females), and vanished after adjustment.
Clinical and laboratory features of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: Gileva R A , Hohlova Z A , Chechet Yu S , Arsenenko A S , Povolotskaya L M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Methods. In infectious hospital under observation there were 108 patients aged from 11 months to 31 years with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of «infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus». Standard laboratory tests for blood serum immunoglobulin M to the capsid protein of Epstein-Barr virus, immunoglobulin class G proteins to early Epstein-Barr virus and the index of their avidity by ELISA were carried out. Tests for other infections were conducted if it is required. Results. Patients dominated by children aged 1-7 years - 73.1%. Adult patients was 1.8% (2 patients). Only 4.6% of the patients were sent to the hospital with a diagnosis of «infectious mononucleosis» or suspected of having the disease. The typical clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis was observed in 75% of cases, atypical - in 25%. Mononuclear cells in peripheral blood were found in less than half of the patients (44.4%), in 53.1% of cases with typical and in 18.5% of cases with atypical clinic. In the remaining patients, the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis was verified by ELISA. In 90.4% of the cases the disease was in the moderate, and in 9.6% - in the severe form. Conclusion. The high frequency of atypical course of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus justifies the need to include it into differential diagnosis process in case of unclear infectious disease, to identify the antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus proteins, (immunoglobulin M and G) and the index of avidity antibodies (immunoglobulin G).
Modern aspects of differential diagnosis of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Cherenova L P , Galimzyanov H M , Vasilkova V V , Cherenov I V
Published: November 2019

Aim. To lay down criteria for the differential diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever with a number of natural focal diseases prevalent in the Astrakhan region. Methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data of patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (74 cases), Astrakhan rickettsial fever (75), Q fever (75) and leptospirosis (25) was carried out in 2000-2013. Results. The basic clinical symptoms characteristic of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever for the differential diagnosis of Astrakhan rickettsial fever, Q fever and leptospirosis were distinguished. The early diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever was based on the epidemiological data taking into account spring-summer seasonality of the disease, patient’s visits to countryside, contact with animals, and data about tick bites and contact with ticks. Timely prescription of adequate antiviral and pathogenetic therapy helped to reduce the rate of severe forms and mortality from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Conclusion. Differential diagnostic features of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever were: the presence of the primary affect on the site of the tick bite, high body temperature, two-wave fever, significant signs of intoxication, the relative and absolute bradycardia, hemorrhagic rash, abdominal bleeding, changes of peripheral blood - leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Microbiota, biofilms and Helicobacter pylori in the diseases of gastroduodenal zone
Authors: Isaeva G Sh , Ziatdinov V B
Published: November 2019

Large number of bacteria inhabits the human body. Alterations of microbiota can be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The gastric microbiota consists of bacteria from 7 to 9 phyla, predominantly Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. Some populations are known as «matrix-enclosed microbial communities», which adhere to biological and artificial surfaces. Formation of bacterial biofilms is implicated in many chronic diseases. Growth of microbial biofilm may lead to commune resistance to the immune defense of the host and antimicrobial drugs. Reports about Helicobacter pylori interactions with other microorganisms and influences on the composition and the structure of the gastric microbiota, are contradictory. This review summarizes current knowledge of the association of bacterial communities with gastroduodenal pathology. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the microbiota in the development of gastric cancer and the researches on animal models support this hypothesis. Excessive bacterial growth causes an accumulation of endogenous N-nitrosocompounds (N-nitrosoamines and N-nitrosoamides), which are the potential carcinogens. Antagonistic activity of bifidobacteria, lactobacteria and saccharomyces is used against Helicobacter pylori in the complex antibacterial therapy supplemented with probiotics and synbiotics. With the application of the sequencing the metagenomics and single cell genomics, we could further understand the composition and the properties of microbiota, the role in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the stomach and the duodenum, develop the new diagnostic and therapeutic tactics for the patients with gastroduodenal diseases.
The features of time characteristics of heart rate variability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Akramova E G
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the features of time characteristics of heart rate variability during isolated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as in association with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Methods. The characteristics of heart rate variability using Holter electrocardiography monitoring, echocardiography and duplex scanning of carotid arteries were studied. The results of investigations of 298 individuals of both sexes aged 37-78 years were included into the analysis, including 79 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were divided into three groups. The first group included 19 patients with isolated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the second group consisted of 25 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension, the third group included 35 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease, who were divided into two subgroups: patients with (n=9) and without (n=26) a prior history of myocardial infarction. For comparison, examined were 48 patients with isolated hypertension, 132 patients with ischemic heart disease and 39 practically healthy individuals. Results. In patients with isolated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease an autonomic imbalance occurs in the form of a uniform decrease in the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system during the day and an increase of the night time heart rate, identifiable are the signs of subclinical cardiac pathology in the form of thickening of the «intima-media» complex and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries, hypertrophy of the myocardium and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, reduced systolic velocity of the mitral valve fibrous annulus. If chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is combined with aerterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease, as opposed to isolated cardiac pathology, a monotonic tachycardia develops during the day. In cases of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arterial hypertension during a simultaneous decrease in all time characteristics of heart rate variability, in most patients hypertrophy of both ventricles can be visualized. Conclusion. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the time characteristics of heart rate variability depend on the presence or absence of concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system.