bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Et rom hvor kroppen kan tre fram gjennom ulike uttrykk. Refleksjoner etter en pilotstudie om overvekt, kvinner og magedans
Authors: Jægtvik Trude , Kvigne Kari , Roghell Per Kristian
Published: December 2016

A space where the body can emerge through various expressions. Reflections around a pilot study on overweight, women and belly dancingThis article is based on the implementation of, and reflections on the experiences from a pilot study in belly dancing for obese women, as well as interviews with participants in connection with the course. The study had a qualitative approach. The movements in belly dance invite into a concentration towards the body along with others. This started processes on several levels. Acknowledgment of vulnerability seemed to be a strength, and an important basis for the women’s development. Academic communities internationally call for new approaches and methods in relation to obesity. It is natural to look at the body and movement in relation to health. If we however are going to create a space where the body can emerge through different expressions, is it then necessary to focus on health? Can the term health block a new insight? Maybe we also should concentrate more on attention to the body and its expressions?
Highly compact and accurate circuit-level macro modeling of gate-all-around charge-trap flash memory
Authors: Kim Seunghyun , Lee Sang-Ho , Kim Young-Goan , Cho Seongjae , Park Byung-Gook
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a highly reliable circuit model of gate-all-around (GAA) charge-trap flash (CTF) memory cell is proposed, considering the transient behaviors for describing the program operations with improved accuracy. Although several compact models have been reported in the previous literature, time-dependent behaviors have not been precisely reflected and the failures tend to get worse as the operation time elapses. Furthermore, the developed SPICE models in this work have been verified by the measurement results of the fabricated flash memory cells having silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon (SONOS). This more realistic model would be beneficial in designing the system architectures and setting up the operation schemes for the leading three-dimensional (3D) stack CTF memory.
N-of-1 Studies in an Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: Augustine Erika F. , Yu Timothy W. , Finkel Richard S.
Published: September 2024

This JAMA Insights in the Genomics and Precision Health series examines N-of-1 trials, a term used to describe studies in small numbers of individuals or a single individual treated with genetically targeted interventions.
Purdue Pharma and the Sackler Family at the Supreme Court
Authors: Rothermich Elle , Gluck Abbe R.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint examines the US Supreme Court’s opinion on Harrington v Purdue Pharma and the implications it could have on public health, individuals affected by opioid misuse, and bankruptcy law.
The Cotton Plant
Authors: Khan Naila A.
Published: September 2024

This essay describes the author’s experience when her father had cardiac arrest.
Additional Lesion Sets in Ablation of Outflow Tract Premature Ventricular Contractions
Authors: Wang Kexin , Yi Fu , Xiao Fangyi , Zou Cao , Zhang Yuzhen , Wang Yuegang , Shi Linsheng , Li Chengzong , Chen Long , Xie Shuanglun , Shen Wenzhi , Zhang Ning , Wu Qiang , Xu Qiang , Ji Yuan , Wang Cheng , Lin Zhiyu , Wei Youquan , Ruan Zhongbao , Sun Yumin , Ju Weizhu , Chen Minglong ,   OT-PVCs Study Investigators, Jin Caiyi , Li Jie , Wu Shengjie , Zhou Jing , Lin Hairuo , Chen Xiaoli , Hu Xiaoqing , Lin Yaowu , Chen Yuyang , Pan Tong , Yun Xie , Chen Jianshu , Wu Liuyang , Chen Jingcheng , Xiong Qingsong , Liu Jichun , Ding Xiangwei , Cao Bin
Published: September 2024

Importance

Recurrence remains a challenge after ablation of outflow tract premature ventricular contractions (OT-PVCs). Although adding additional lesions next to the index effective ablation site is sometimes performed to reinforce the ablation, it remains uncertain whether this approach is effective.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that additional ablation lesions would reduce the recurrence rate compared with single-point ablation at the index effective site for the ablation of OT-PVCs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study was a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Patients receiving their first catheter ablation for OT-PVCs were enrolled from 18 hospitals in China between October 2021 and February 2023. Scheduled follow-up duration was 3 months after the procedure.

Intervention

After identifying the target point and eliminating the PVC by a single-point ablation, patients were randomized 1:1 into an additional ablation group or a control group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point of the study was freedom from PVC recurrence (≥80% reduction of PVC burden, which is the number of PVCs in 24 hours/total heartbeats in 24 hours × 100%) from baseline to 3 months postprocedure.

Results

Of 308 patients enrolled in the study, 286 (mean [SD] age, 49.2 [14.6] years; 173 female [60.5%]) were randomized to the additional ablation or the control group. The additional ablation group had a mean (SD) of 6.3 (1.1) radiofrequency applications, whereas the control group (single-point ablation group) had a mean (SD) of 1 (0) radiofrequency application. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 3.2 (0) months, the rate of freedom from PVCs was significantly higher in the additional ablation group (139 of 142 [97.9%]) compared with the control group (115 of 139 [82.7%]; P < .001). Patients in the additional ablation group also had a more substantial reduction in PVC burden than the control group (mean [SD] reduction, 23.0% [10.5%] vs 19.0% [10.4%]; P = .002). There were no severe periprocedural complications in either group.

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial showed a benefit of additional ablation in reducing the recurrence of OT-PVCs compared with the single-point ablation strategy, without increased complication risk. Additional ablations surrounding the index effective ablation point should be considered in OT-PVC ablation.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200055340
Application of Risk-Based Cancer Screening in Patients With Dermatomyositis
Authors: Stone Caroline J. , Faden Daniella Forman , Xie Lillian , Lopes Almeida Gomes Lais , Hejazi Emily Z. , Werth Victoria P. , Shaw Katharina S.
Published: September 2024

This cohort study investigates the performance of the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group cancer screening recommendations in a community setting.
Association of Daily Doses of Buprenorphine With Urgent Health Care Utilization
Authors: Axeen Sarah , Pacula Rosalie Liccardo , Merlin Jessica S. , Gordon Adam J. , Stein Bradley D.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Higher buprenorphine doses may benefit the increasing number of individuals using fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, but there is little empirical evidence on the efficacy of such higher doses.

Objective

To examine the association between higher buprenorphine doses (above 16 mg and 24 mg) and subsequent emergency department (ED) or inpatient service use among patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was a retrospective analysis of health data from Optum’s deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database from 2016 to 2021 for commercially insured individuals aged 18 years or older diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD). Eligible participants initiated buprenorphine after at least 90 days of enrollment and were dispensed at least a 14-day supply of buprenorphine. Data were analyzed from September 2023 through February 2024.

Exposures

Maximum buprenorphine dose received by a patient for 14 or more days: more than 24 mg, more than 16 mg to 24 mg, more than 8 mg to 16 mg, or 1 mg to 8 mg.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Days from initiation of the maximum buprenorphine dose to an ED or inpatient visit for a behavioral health diagnosis, controlling for patient demographics, comorbid conditions, time to reaching maximum dose, buprenorphine discontinuation, and pre-buprenorphine health care utilization.

Results

A total of 35 451 individuals with an OUD diagnosis who began buprenorphine treatment were identified (mean [SD] age, 46.2 [15.1] years; 20 983 male [59.2%]; 3326 Black [9.4%], 2411 Hispanic [6.8%], 26 712 White [75.3%]). The most common dose was more than 8 mg to 16 mg daily (14 802 patients [42.9%]), with 9669 patients (27.3%) in the 1 mg to 8 mg tier, 10 329 patients (29.1%) in the 8 mg to 16 mg tier, and 651 patients (1.8%) in the tier receiving more than 24 mg. Among all patients receiving buprenorphine, 12.5% experienced an ED or inpatient visit. Survival analysis shows patients receiving doses more than 24 mg and between 16 mg to 24 mg had longer times to ED or inpatient use than patients receiving from 8 mg to 16 mg (time ratio [TR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.20) and more than 24 mg (TR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.81). Findings for doses above 16 mg daily were consistent for observation windows as short as 365 days (more than 24 mg: TR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.01-2.18; more than 16 mg to 24 mg: TR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.32).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings contribute to the sparse empirical research regarding potential benefits of higher-dose buprenorphine treatment of individuals with OUD. Clinicians should be aware of the potential effects of higher buprenorphine doses on health care utilization while policymakers work to ensure equitable access to individuals who could potentially benefit from higher doses.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy’s Untapped Potential
Authors: Montero-Marin Jesus , Maj van der Velden Anne , Kuyken Willem
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the benefits of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Life Cycle Analysis of a Pediatric Surgical Kit—A Target to Reduce Operating Room Waste
Authors: Lehane Alison , Sullivan Gwyneth A. , Dunn Jennifer , Perez Mallory , Smith Charesa J. , Raval Mehul V.
Published: September 2024

This study uses life cycle analysis to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of a pediatric surgical kit, including water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
Kidney Transplant Outcome Following Donation After Euthanasia
Authors: Slagter Julia S. , Kimenai Hendrikus J. A. N. , van de Wetering Jacqueline , Hagenaars Hanneke J. A. M. , Reinders Marlies E. J. , Polak Wojciech G. , Porte Robert J. , Minnee Robert C.
Published: September 2024

Importance

In the Netherlands, organ donation after euthanasia (donation after circulatory death type V [DCD-V]) has been increasingly performed since 2012. However, the outcomes of DCD-V kidney grafts have not been thoroughly investigated. It is critical to assess the outcomes of these kidney grafts to ascertain whether DCD-V is a safe and valuable way to increase the kidney donor pool.

Objectives

To investigate the outcomes of DCD-V kidney transplantation and compare them with outcomes of kidney transplantation after circulatory death after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (DCD type III [DCD-III]) and donation after brain death (DBD).

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the database from the Dutch Transplant Foundation. All kidney transplants in the Netherlands between January 2012 (start of the euthanasia program) and July 2023 were included. Follow-up was obtained through 5 years after transplantation. Data analysis was performed from November 2023 until February 2024.

Exposures

Kidney transplantation with a DCD-V graft compared with DCD-III and DBD grafts.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was death-censored graft survival until 5 years after transplantation. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), permanent nonfunction (PNF), serum creatinine concentration, and patient survival until 5 years after kidney transplantation.

Results

A total of 145 DCD-V kidney transplants were compared with 1936 DCD-III and 1255 DBD kidney transplants. Median (IQR) recipient age was 59 (46-66) years in the DCD-V cohort, compared with 61 (50-68) years in the DCD-III cohort and 61 (50-68) years in the DBD cohort. The incidence of DGF with DCD-V kidney transplants (26%) was significantly less than that with DCD-III kidney transplants (49%; P < .001) and similar to that with DBD kidney transplants (22%; P = .46). PNF occurrence with DCD-V kidneys (6%) was similar to that with DCD-III kidneys (6%; P = .79) and higher than in DBD kidneys (4%; P < .001). There was no difference in 5-year death-censored graft survival between DCD-V grafts (82%) and DCD-III (86%; P = .99) or DBD (84%; P = .99) grafts. There was no difference in 5-year patient survival between DCD-V kidney transplants (69%) and DCD-III (76%; P = .45) or DBD (73%; P = .74) kidney transplants. A propensity score analysis was performed to match the DCD-V and DCD-III cohort, showing results similar to those of the unmatched cohort.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that DCD-V kidney transplantation yielded a lower incidence of DGF compared with DCD-III kidney transplantation and yielded long-term results similar to those of DCD-III and DBD kidney transplantation. The findings suggest that DCD-V is a safe and valuable way to increase the kidney donor pool.
Thinking through the social world: Further exploring the direct, moderated, and mediated relationship between need for cognition and aggression
Authors: Barlett Christopher P.
Published: September 2024

Findings from a paucity of research suggest that need for cognition (NFC) is negatively correlated with trait aggression. The correlational nature of the data juxtaposed with the reliance on assessing trait aggression negates causal claims regarding this relationship. The objective of the current research to expand our understanding of the relationship between NFC and aggression in the following ways: (1) focus on state, rather than trait, aggressive behavior, (2) examine the role of provocation, and (3) test the mediating influence of state anger and revenge motives. Our study had US emerging adult participants randomly assigned to be provoked or not before completing measures of anger, revenge motives, and aggression. Results showed that only revenge motives mediated the relationship between NFC and aggression, which was found to be significant only for provoked participants. Results are discussed in theoretical and practical implications.
A General Method for Calibration of Active Scanning Thermal Probes
Authors: Tselev Alexander
Published: September 2024

Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a scanning probe technique aimed at quantitative characterization of local thermal properties at the length scale down to tens of nanometers. With many probe designs and approaches to interpretation of probe responses, there is a need for a universal framework, which would allow probe calibration and comparison of probe performance. Herein, a calibration framework based on an abstracted, formal, probe model for active SThM probes is developed. The calibration can be accomplished through measurements with two or three calibration samples. Requirements for calibration samples are described with examples of structures of suitable samples identified in published literature. A link to a published experimental work indirectly verifying the proposed procedure is provided. The calibration does not require knowledge of internal probe properties and yields a small and universal set of parameters that can be used to quantify thermal resistance presented to the probe by samples as well as to characterize active‐mode SThM probes of any type and at any measurement frequency. How the probe calibration parameters can be used to guide probe design is illustrated. When the calibration approach can be used directly to measure the thermal conductivity of unknown samples is also analyzed.
Synthesis of Quinone‐Amine‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting the Photocatalytic Removal of Uranium
Authors: Pei Xiang , He Pan , Yu Kaifu , Li Yang , Tang Ya , Ma Lijian
Published: September 2024

Compared to imine covalent organic frameworks (COFs), the superior stability of amine‐linked COFs renders them more suitable for long‐term harsh real‐world environments. Their numerous amine sites can serve as functional groups or be subjected to post‐modification to further enhance the performance of the material. However, the assortment and abundance of amine‐linked COFs via currently lacking due to restricted monomer varieties and synthetic methods. Herein, this study presents an innovative approach for synthesizing quinone‐amine‐linked COFs by directly combining 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DHBQ) with various amine monomers and introduce a novel photocatalyst, DHBQ‐TAPP‐COF, specifically tailored to efficiently reduce uranium in harsh environments. DHBQ‐TAPP‐COF features a unique donor–acceptor structure, with the DHBQ units serving as acceptors because they contain abundant oxygen atoms that facilitate metal ion coordination, thereby enhancing charge carrier separation, carrier utilization, and uranium reduction efficiency. The quinone‐amine linkages offer improved stability, extended π‐conjugation, heightened local polarity, and conductivity, which enable efficient carrier transfer within the material and thus enhance the overall performance of the uranium photocatalyst. The proposed photocatalyst can efficiently reduce U(VI) without sacrificial agents or decomposition to precipitate UO2 at a recovery rate exceeding 98%. This catalyst provides an efficient and convenient strategy for the stable and high‐performance photocatalytic reduction of uranium.
Self‐Powered and 3D Printable Soft Sensor for Human Health Monitoring, Object Recognition, and Contactless Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Tang Jingzhi , Gou Kai , Wang Chong , Wei Minghui , Tan Qiuli , Weng Gengsheng
Published: September 2024

A new galvanic cell design of a self‐powered and 3D‐printable soft sensor showing health monitoring, object recognition, and contactless hand gesture recognition, is reported. The soft sensor consists of a 3D‐printed poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel electrolyte layer, a soft anode layer, and a soft cathode layer. The anode layer is a 3D‐printed and Cu2+ cross‐linked poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐3‐alanine‐2‐hydroxypropylmethacrylate) (PDA) hydrogel dispersed with Cu metal particles (PDA/Cu2+/Cu hydrogel), while the cathode layer is a bottom thin layer of the PAA hydrogel containing MnO2 (PAA/MnO2). Using graphite films as the soft electrodes, the soft sensor is finally assembled. The soft sensor has high force and temperature sensitivities. It gives different electric current responses under stretching, bending, pressing, and impact loading. The soft sensor is demonstrated to be useful in detecting human motion and physiological activities, e.g., breath. Based on the force and contactless temperature sensitivities, the soft sensor is used to recognize human hand gestures and plastic balls with different diameters. This 3D printable soft sensor with self‐powering, contactless motion capturing, and multi‐pimulus sensing capabilities illustrates a new pathway to make soft sensory devices for healthcare and human‐machine interaction applications.
Van der Waals Heterostructure Contact Strategy for Barrier‐Free 2D Complementary Transistors
Authors: Sang Pengpeng , Wang Qianwen , Wang Hai , Wu Jixuan , Zhan Xuepeng , Li Dechun , Chen Jiezhi
Published: September 2024

Incorporating atomically thin 2D semiconductors (2DSCs) into the vertical complementary field‐effect transistors (CFETs) is of great significance in enabling devices to break through the sub‐nanometer scaling limit. However, due to the lack of effective doping technology and the difficult‐to‐control electrode interface, simultaneously realizing high‐performance p‐type and n‐type devices using a single metal electrode presents great challenges for 2D‐CFETs design. In this study, an innovative electrical contact strategy is proposed by constructing van der Waals heterojunction (vdWH) using 2DSCs to regulate the electrical contact properties between the metal electrode and 2DSC channel. First‐principles calculations reveal that degenerate or quasi‐degenerate complementary doping is achieved in a series of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by designing (quasi‐)broken‐gap vdWHs and utilizing their interlayer charge transfer. Metal‐2DSC contact barriers can be effectively regulated by introducing 2DSC intercalation and constructing vdWH. P‐type (quasi‐)Ohmic contacts are realized between Au electrode and various TMD channels, as well as between WTe2 channel and different metal electrodes. Moreover, quantum transport simulations present the remarkable on‐current over 102 µA µm−1 in both p‐type and n‐type 2D‐FETs by employing the vdWH and metal‐vdWH electrodes. The proposed vdWH strategy is applicable to various metal‐2DSC contacts and will shed light on future high‐performance 2D‐CFET integrations.
Regulating the Manganese Valence State Improves the Kinetic Properties of Manganese‐Based Cathodes
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Yuan Haocheng , Qin Zuoyu , Ding Peipei , Yu Dengfeng , Wu Huiping , Wang Jian , Shao Yang , Zhou Weidong , Nan Ce‐Wen , Ren Yaoyu , Li Liangliang
Published: September 2024

Manganese (Mn)‐based lithium (Li)‐ion batteries with high energy density and low cost have recently attracted considerable attention. One drawback of Mn‐based batteries is the severe capacity attenuation caused by the Jahn‐Teller effect, which distorts the crystal structure and reduces the kinetics of Li‐ion insertion/extraction in the cathodes. In this study, the Mn valence state is regulated on the surface of Mn‐based oxide particles and oxygen vacancies are introduced to facilitate rapid Li‐ion transport and charge storage by adding succinonitrile (SN) to Mn‐based cathodes. Because of the reaction between SN and Mn‐based cathode particles, the contents of Mn3+ ions and oxygen vacancies increase, leading to an improvement in the Li‐ion kinetic properties of the cathodes as well as a reduction in the dissolution of Mn from the cathodes. By regulating the Mn valence state, Li‐ion and Li metal batteries with LiMn2O4 or Li‐rich Mn‐based layered oxide cathodes show significantly enhanced discharge capacity and improved cyclic performance. This study demonstrates that regulating the valence state of Mn ions is an effective strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of Mn‐based Li batteries and that adding SN to the cathodes is a cost‐effective method for mass production.
Boosting the Anode and Cathode Stability Simultaneously by Interfacial Engineering via Electrolyte Solvation Structure Regulation Toward Practical Aqueous Zn‐ion Battery
Authors: Wang Panpan , Zhong Yi , Wang Jiasen , Zhou Huiqin , Sun Gang , Sui Xulei , Wang Zhenbo
Published: September 2024

The application of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is seriously challenged by the poor stability of Zn anode and cathode in aqueous solution, which is closely associated with electrolyte structure and water reactivity. Herein, the stability issues both for the cathode and anode can be simultaneously addressed via tuning the electrolyte solvation structure in hybrid electrolyte with tripropyl phosphate (TPP) as co‐solvent. On the Zn anode, a robust poly‐inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer comprised of Zn3(PO4)2‐ZnS‐ZnF2 species is in situ formed, effectively suppressing parasitic reaction and dendrite evolution. For V2O5 cathode, the notorious vanadium dissolution is effectively restricted with improved structure stability achieved. The optimized electrolyte facilitates the reversible redox kinetics both at the cathode and Zn anode. Consequently, Zn||Zn cells display extended cycling lifespans over 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2. Zn||V2O5 full cells deliver a high reversible capacity of 261.8 mAh g−1 and hold retention of 73.6% upon 500 cycles even operated in harsh conditions with thin Zn anode (10 µm) and low negative/positive (N/P) ratio of ≈4.3, which also showcase impressive performance with regard to rate and storage performance, further emphasizing the potential of electrolyte regulation tactics in advancing the commercialization of ZIBs.
Glucose Oxidase‐Immobilized Dually‐Crosslinked Nanogels for Rapid‐Responsive Insulin Delivery
Authors: Ma Yuhong , Yang Jingru , Ma Yukun , Yang Rui , Han Fuwei , He Mujiao , Liu Wei , Qian Hongliang , Chen Wei , Huang Dechun
Published: September 2024

Despite the potential benefits of close‐looped insulin delivery systems in regulating glycemic homeostasis and effectively alleviating diabetes, they still encounter challenges such as limited effectiveness in preventing low glycemic episodes due to sluggish glucose response, and issues with the instability of enzymes and carriers. In this study, dually‐crosslinked and glucose oxidase (GOx)‐immobilized insulin nanogels (DC‐NGs@Ins) are developed for rapid‐responsive and sustained hypoglycemic therapy. The DC‐NGs@Ins with the phenylborate ester linker enabled the insulin release in a close‐looped fashion, and moreover, immobilized GOx‐generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by consuming the glucose, which can further bind to phenylborate ester for enhancing glucose response and accelerating the insulin release. The dually‐crosslinked structure (phenylboronic ester and UV‐crosslinking) effectively minimized the initial burst release of insulin, thus preventing the potential risk of hypoglycemia. More interestingly, GOx immobilized in the nanogels mitigated GOx leakage and enhanced its multiple utilization compared to free GOx. In vivo study demonstrated that DC‐NGs@Ins effectively maintained glycemic levels (BGLs) below 200 mg dL−1 for at least 8 h compared to singly‐crosslinked nanogels (SC‐NGs@Ins). Therefore, this intelligent insulin delivery system shows potential applications in diabetes treatment.
Peroxidase‐Mimetic Iron Silicate Nanosheets Coordinated with Indocyanine Green for Enhanced Anti‐Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhu Shuairu , Xu Hongwei , Guo Wanying , Yang Mei , Tan Huiling , Hou Shaosong , Yao Jie , Luo Han , Yao Yongchao , Zhao Jingxiang , Wei Yonggang , Sun Xuping , Ying Binwu
Published: September 2024

The versatile element composition and multifunctional properties of biodegradable silicates have attracted significant attention in cancer therapeutics. However, their application as nanozymes is often limited by suboptimal catalytic efficiency and insufficient intratumoral retention. In this study, the hydrothermal synthesis of iron silicate (FeSi) nanosheets are reported exhibiting exceptional peroxidase (POD)‐like activity (136.7 U mg−1), outperforming most reported iron‐based nanozymes. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the introduction of Si into the catalyst enhances H2O2 adsorption and dissociation of Fe sites, leading to superior POD performance. Furthermore, the FeSi nanosheets are modified with Indocyanine Green (ICG) to facilitate targeted aggregation‐potentiated therapy. The integration of ICG improved tumor penetration and retention of the FeSi nanosheets, significantly increasing their reactive oxygen species production and bolstering therapeutic efficacy.
Tunable Interlayer Interactions in Exfoliated 2D van der Waals Framework Fe(SCN)2(Pyrazine)2
Authors: McKenzie Jacob , Pennington Doran L. , Ericson Thomas , Cope Elana , Kaufman Aaron J. , Cozzolino Anthony F. , Johnson David C. , Kadota Kentaro , Hendon Christopher H. , Brozek Carl K.
Published: September 2024

2D materials can be isolated as monolayer sheets when interlayer interactions involve weak van der Waals forces. These atomically thin structures enable novel topological physics and open chemical questions of how to tune the structure and properties of the sheets while maintaining them as isolated monolayers. Here, this work investigates 2D electroactive sheets that exfoliate in solution into colloidal nanosheets, but aggregate upon oxidation, giving rise to tunable interlayer charge transfer absorption and photoluminescence. This optical behavior resembles interlayer excitons, now intensely studied due to their long‐lived emission, but which remain difficult to tune through synthetic chemistry. Instead, the interlayer excitons of these framework sheets can be modulated through control of solvent, electrolyte, oxidation state, and the composition of the framework building blocks. Compared to other 2D materials, these framework sheets display the largest known interlayer binding strengths, attributable to specific orbital interactions between the sheets, and among the longest interlayer exciton lifetimes. Taken together, this study provides a microscopic basis for manipulating long‐range opto‐electronic behavior in van der Waals materials through molecular synthetic chemistry.
Additive‐Free Gelation of Graphene Oxide Dispersions via Mild Thermal Annealing: Implications for 3D Printing and Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Kim Geon Woong , Lee Seonghyun , Kim Guksung , Lee Howon , Lee Kyu Tae , Kim So Youn
Published: September 2024

Herein, a mild thermal annealing (MTA) process is presented for additive‐free gelation of graphene oxide (GO) dispersions. This process transitions the GO from a nematic liquid crystal phase to a random network structure, significantly enhancing its rheological properties by order of magnitude. This transition is facilitated by the diffusion of functional groups on the GO surface, which induces hydrophobic attractions, leading to a stable network structure. Employing rheo‐SAXS experiments, detailed insights are provided into the microstructural changes of GO gel under shear stress, establishing a direct correlation between its rheological behavior and microstructure. The distinctive properties of MTA‐processed inks are illustrated, seamlessly integrating with 3D printing, to yield a highly porous lattice structure that demonstrates promising potential as a supercapacitor electrode. The MTA process, an additive‐free approach to gelation, maintains the inherent dispersion properties of GO while offering scalability. Thus, this method brings significant economic and environmental advantages compared to conventional gelation techniques. The findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of 2D colloidal network gels but also increase the potential of GO for a wide range of applications, from gas and liquid absorbers to electrodes for energy storage and conversion, and biomedical fields.
Thiocarbonyl‐Directed Iridium‐Catalyzed C−H Silylation of Indoles and Pyrroles with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Cheng Yi , Zhan Jingyi , Wang Lei , Teng Houyun , Xu Li‐Wen , Yang Lei
Published: September 2024

Herein, hydrogen‐acceptor‐free C2‐selective iridium‐catalyzed C−H silylation of indoles and pyrroles with hydrosilanes via C(sp2)−H bond activation to generate the desired silylated products is presented. The developed protocol allows for the C−H silylation of a wide range of functionalized indoles with monohydrosilanes under iridium catalysis. Significantly, this process represents a rare silylation of C−H bonds using S‐directing groups.
Simultaneous Triboelectric and Mechanoluminescence Sensing Toward Self‐Powered Applications
Authors: Hajra Sugato , Panda Swati , Song Seongkyu , Song Heewon , Panigrahi Basanta Kumar , Jeong Soon Moon , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Kim Hoe Joon
Published: September 2024

Simultaneous phenomena of triboelectricity and mechanoluminescence (ML) acquire vital insights into the mechanics of charge separation and recombination, as well as the relationship between mechanical stress and light emission. In the present work, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ZnS:Cu particle‐based composites are fabricated, which have good ML characteristics and can generate electricity via contact electrification. ML, in conjunction with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), contributes by producing power from mechanical operations while also giving vital visual input in the form of light emission. This dual capability improves user awareness and efficiency in a variety of applications, making mechanical systems and wearable devices easier to monitor and optimize. To accomplish this, a single‐electrode mode silver (Ag) nanowires embedded PDMS‐ZnS: Cu‐based TENG device is developed and achieved an electrical output of 60 V, 395 nA, and 15 nC by using a linear motor. Furthermore, the combined ML and TENG device is employed in various cases of safety monitoring. This integration provides self‐powered devices that detect mechanical stress, delivering real‐time warnings and illumination signals for increased safety and communication in demanding conditions such as SOS signaling, underwater driving, deep mining, and sports.
Mucoadhesive Itraconazole Nanocrystals With Precise Control of Surface Charge Incorporated to Chitosan Films for Buccal Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Chunyang , Lopez‐Vidal Lucia , Wang Jiawen , Himawan Achmad , Donnelly Ryan F. , Paredes Alejandro J.
Published: September 2024

Drug delivery to mucosal tissues presents considerable challenges related to the complex nature of the mucus layer protecting such tissues. This aggravates when delivering hydrophobic drugs, often requiring incorporation of drugs to nanoparticles and use of mucoadhesive systems. This paper aimed to develop an antifungal chitosan (CHI)‐based film loading itraconazole (ITZ) nanocrystals (NCs) with precisely controlled surface charge for enhanced mucoadhesion. Cationic and anionic ITZ NCs are prepared using wet media milling with mean particle sizes and zeta potentials of 226.9 ± 1.4 nm and 234.0 ± 2.90 nm, and +15.4 ± 2.8 mV and −16.2 ± 1.3 mV, for the cationic and anionic NCs, respectively. Cationic ITZ‐NCs exhibits a higher affinity to mucin particles. NCs‐loaded films showed stronger mechanical properties and adhesiveness compared with ITZ powder‐loaded films. Physicochemical analysis reveals that crystalline properties of the ITZ are preserved, with no drug‐excipients interaction. A significantly higher amount of ITZ mucosal deposition is obtained from films containing NCs (1360.23 ± 718.73 µg cm−2) compared with that from films containing ITZ powder (58.83 ± 37.45 µg cm−2). This work demonstrates the feasibility of tailoring the NCs surface, with the resultant systems showing potential for the management of fungal infections in mucosal tissues.
Miniaturized Modular Click Chemistry‐enabled Rapid Discovery of Unique SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro Inhibitors With Robust Potency and Drug‐like Profile
Authors: Yang Mianling , Lee Myoung Kyu , Gao Shenghua , Song Letian , Jang Hye‐Yeon , Jo Inseong , Yang Chun‐Chiao , Sylvester Katharina , Ko Chunkyu , Wang Shuo , Ye Bing , Tang Kai , Li Junyi , Gu Manyu , Müller Christa E. , Sträter Norbert , Liu Xinyong , Kim Meehyein , Zhan Peng
Published: September 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic has required an expeditious advancement of innovative antiviral drugs. In this study, focused compound libraries are synthesized in 96‐ well plates utilizing modular click chemistry to rapidly discover potent inhibitors targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS‐CoV‐2. Subsequent direct biological screening identifies novel 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives as robust Mpro inhibitors with high anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity. Notably, C5N17B demonstrates sub‐micromolar Mpro inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.12 µM) and excellent antiviral activity in Calu‐3 cells determined in an immunofluorescence‐based antiviral assay (EC50 = 0.078 µM, no cytotoxicity: CC50 > 100 µM). C5N17B shows superior potency to nirmatrelvir (EC50 = 1.95 µM) and similar efficacy to ensitrelvir (EC50 = 0.11 µM). Importantly, this compound displays high antiviral activities against several SARS‐CoV‐2 variants (Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, EC50 = 0.13 – 0.26 µM) and HCoV‐OC43, indicating its broad‐spectrum antiviral activity. It is worthy that C5N17B retains antiviral activity against nirmatrelvir‐resistant strains with T21I/E166V and L50F/E166V mutations in Mpro (EC50 = 0.26 and 0.15 µM, respectively). Furthermore, C5N17B displays favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Crystallography studies reveal a unique, non‐covalent multi‐site binding mode. In conclusion, these findings substantiate the potential of C5N17B as an up‐and‐coming drug candidate targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro for clinical therapy.
A CFD‐PBM‐ANN framework to simulate the liquid–liquid two‐phase flow in a pulsed column
Authors: Wang Bo , Ma Siyuan , Zhou Han , Zheng Qiang , Lan Wenjie , Jing Shan , Li Shaowei
Published: September 2024

CFD‐PBM numerical simulation is a powerful tool in the research of droplet swarm behavior. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) based droplet breakage frequency function is established based on the directly measured data from our previous studies. Then, the weights and biases of ANN are embedded into the CFD‐PBM code in the form of matrices and vectors. For the first time, a CFD‐PBM‐ANN simulation framework is established. Simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data under different operation conditions. The cumulative droplet size distribution decreases with the increase of interfacial tension and pulse intensity. It is also found by the simulation that the droplet breakage frequency is relatively high at the edge of disc and doughnut plate, which is accordant with the distribution of turbulent energy dissipation and velocity gradient.
VOF‐DEM numerical study of mesoscale bubble dynamics in the gas‐liquid‐solid three‐phase flow system
Authors: Yu Hongshi , Yang Shiliang , Wang Hua
Published: September 2024

Mesoscale bubble dynamics play a critical role in governing the overall performance of gas‐liquid‐solid systems. In this study, the volume of fluid method coupled with a discrete element method is utilized to scrutinize the mesoscale bubble dynamics within a gas‐liquid‐solid system featuring a dense particle bed. The results reveal that the squeezing effect of the particle bed induces a bubble pairs regime, which causes the bubble collision, coalescence and breakup, thereby generating daughter bubbles. Additionally, the combined influence of large size, flattened shape, off‐center collisions and the exists of particles facilitate bubble wakes to transform from closed into asymmetrical open patterns, further causing particles released from bubble wakes. Finally, the high‐speed region is predominantly confined to the bubble wake area, resulting in a diminished overall stirring capability compared with two‐phase system. The insights obtained from this study shed valuable light on bubble behaviors within gas‐liquid‐solid systems, offering implications for further study in this field.
Pd/IPrBIDEA‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrroles via Cascade C−C/C−F Cleavage/Annulation of gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes
Authors: Su Junqi , Qian Huijun , Wen Guangyong , Hu Meng‐Yang , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping
Published: September 2024

A regioselective cascade C−C/C−F cleavage/annulation of gem‐F2CPs with enaminones catalyzed by Pd/IPrBIDEA is reported. The NHC ligand IPrBIDEA plays a pivotal role in enhancing the reaction efficiency. With this protocol, a variety of fully substituted pyrroles were obtained in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the modification of some bioactive scaffolds.
MEDI1814 selectively reduces free Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid of non‐clinical species and Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Lloyd Christopher , Freskgård Per‐Ola , Newton Philip , Lowne David , Nickson Adrian , Bogstedt Anna , Eketjäll Susanna , Höglund Kina , Gustavsson Susanne , Welsh Fraser , Chessell Tharani , McFarlane Mary , Bhat Ratan V. , Turner Richard , Perkinton Michael S. , Santisteban Valencia Zulma , Lindqvist Eva , Pomfret Michael , Dudley Amanda D. , Vaughan Tristan J. , Groves Maria T. , Natanegara Fanni , Feng Yingdong , Sims John R. , Proctor Nicholas Kyle , Dage Jeffrey L. , Shering Craig , Tan Keith , Ostenfeld Thor , Billinton Andy , Chessell Iain P.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Small molecules and antibodies are being developed to lower amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides.

METHODS

We describe MEDI1814, a fully human high‐affinity monoclonal antibody selective for Aβ42, the pathogenic self‐aggregating species of Aβ.

RESULTS

MEDI1814 reduces free Aβ42 without impacting Aβ40 in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats and cynomolgus monkeys after systemic administration. MEDI1814 administration to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 57) in single or repeat doses up to 1800 mg intravenously or 200 mg subcutaneously was associated with a favorable safety and tolerability profile. No cases of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities were observed. Predictable dose‐proportional changes in serum exposures for MEDI1814 were observed across cohorts. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrated central nervous system penetration of MEDI1814. Pharmacodynamic data showed dose‐dependent suppression of free Aβ42, increases in total (bound and free) Aβ42, but no change in total Aβ40 in CSF across doses.

DISCUSSION

MEDI1814 offers a differentiated approach to impacting Aβ in AD via selective reduction of free Aβ42.
Self‐Organized Patterns in Non‐Reciprocal Active Droplet Systems
Authors: Liu Yutong , Kailasham R. , Moerman Pepijn G. , Khair Aditya S. , Zarzar Lauren D.
Published: September 2024

Non‐equilibrium patterns are widespread in nature and often arise from the self‐organization of constituents through nonreciprocal chemotactic interactions. In this study, we demonstrate how active oil‐in‐water droplet mixtures with predator‐prey interactions can result in a variety of self‐organized patterns. By manipulating physical parameters, the droplet diameter ratio and number ratio, we identify distinct classes of patterns within a binary droplet system, rationalize the pattern formation, and quantify motilities. Experimental results are recapitulated in numerical simulations using a minimal computational model that solely incorporates chemotactic interactions and steric repulsion among the constituents. The time evolution of the patterns is investigated and chemically explained. We also investigate how patterns vary with differing interaction strength by altering surfactant composition. Leveraging insights from the binary droplet system, the framework is extended to a ternary droplet mixture composed of multiple chasing droplet pairs to create chemically directed hierarchical organization. Our findings demonstrate how rationalizable, self‐organized patterns can be programmed in a chemically minimal system and provide the basis for exploration of emergent organization and higher order complexity in active colloids.
γ‐Ray Driven Aqueous‐Phase Methane Conversions into Complex Molecules up to Glycine
Authors: Fang Fei , Sun Xiao , Liu Yuanxu , Jiang Zhiwen , Wang Mozhen , Ge Xuewu , Huang Weixin
Published: September 2024

Fundamental understanding of initial evolutions of molecules in the universe is of great interest and importance. CH4 is one of the abundant simple molecules in the universe. Herein we report γ‐ray, high‐energy photons commonly existing in cosmic rays and unstable isotope decay, as an external energy to efficiently drives aqueous‐phase CH4 conversions to various products with the presence of oxygen at room temperature. Glycine also forms with an additional introduction of ammonia. Both CH4 conversions and product distributions are modified by solid granules, and a CH3COOH selectivity as high as 82 % is obtained when SiO2 is added. Our results point to γ‐ray driven aqueous‐phase CH4 conversions as a likely formation network of initial complex organic compounds in the universe and offer an alternative strategy for efficiently utilizing CH4 as the carbon source to produce value‐added products at mild conditions, a long‐standing challenging task in heterogeneous catalysis.
Rectifying Heterointerface Facilitated C−N Coupling Dynamics Enables Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis Under Ultralow Potentials
Authors: Cheng Mingyu , Wang Shao , Dai Zechuan , Xia Jing , Zhang Bocheng , Feng Pingyi , Zhu Yin , Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Genqiang
Published: September 2024

Electrocatalytic C−N coupling for urea synthesis from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate (NO3−) offers a sustainable alternative to the traditional Bosch‐Meiser method. However, the complexity of intermediates in co‐reduction hampers simultaneous improvement in urea yield and Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, we developed a Cu/Cu2O Mott–Schottky catalyst with nanoscale rectifying heterointerfaces through precise controllable in situ electroreduction of Cu2O nanowires, achieving notable FE (32.6–47.0 %) and substantial yields (6.08–30.4 μmol h−1 cm−2) across a broad range of ultralow applied potentials (0 to −0.3 V vs. RHE). Operando synchrotron radiation‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR‐FTIR) confirmed the formation of *CO intermediates and C−N bonds, subsequently density functional theory (DFT) calculations deciphered that the Cu/Cu2O rectifying heterointerface modulated *CO adsorption, significantly enhancing subsequent C−N coupling dynamics between *CO and *NOH intermediates. This work not only provides a groundbreaking and advanced pathway for C−N coupling, but also offers deep insights into copper‐based heterointerface catalysts for urea synthesis.
Dipole Moment Dictates the Preferential Immobilization in Gel Electrolytes for Ah‐level Aqueous Zinc‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Ao Huaisheng , Dong Jingjing , Wang Dongdong , Wang Chenggang , Xu Xijin , Hou Zhiguo , Yang Jian
Published: September 2024

Aqueous Zn‐metal batteries are of great interest due to their high material abundance, low production cost, and excellent safety. However, they suffer from severe side reactions and notorious dendrite growth closely related to electrolytes. Here, in situ generated zwitterionic polymers are used as gel electrolytes to overcome these problems. It is shown that anions and H2O, but not anions and cations, are preferentially immobilized at different sites of zwitterionic polymers, facilitating the free migration of Zn2+ and reducing the side reactions. This immobilization can be associated with the dipole moment of zwitterionic polymers. As a result, poly[3‐dimethyl(methacryloyloxy ethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] (PDMAPS) stands out from a series of zwitterionic polymers and outperforms the other candidates in electrochemical performance. The symmetric cells using PDMAPS smoothly operate ~9000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 for 0.5 mAh cm−2, much better than the controls. Moreover, PDMAPS enables an Ah‐level pouch cell for continuous cycling. These results not only benefit the rational molecular design of advanced electrolytes, but also demonstrate the promising potential of zwitterionic polymers in aqueous Zn‐metal batteries.
Supporting Perioperative Safety During a Disaster Through Clinical Crisis Education
Authors: Kirkman Allyson , Tripp Heather , Ward Laura , Weatherly Patricia , Fencl Jennifer L. (Zinn)
Published: September 2024

Disruptive domestic and global events can directly affect health care workers’ ability to deliver safe, quality care. Health care workers should have an awareness and understanding of the disaster continuum and how their actions throughout each phase can affect the crisis response. Robust, intentional education and training for all team members is essential to uphold safe clinical environments and delivery of high‐quality care during crises. This article explores key elements of providing education during a crisis response, including launching a command center, forming a structured team with strong leadership, establishing organized communication channels, conducting educational needs assessments, and developing and implementing education plans to assist with mitigating any issues related to knowledge deficits. In addition, recommendations for evaluating the effectiveness of the education at producing the desired learning outcomes are provided, as well as the implications of such a program for perioperative educators, frontline staff members, and leaders.