bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin lesions of children and adolescents in process of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation
Authors: Lima Iluska Borges Dias , Brito José Nazareno Pearce de Oliveira , Rocha Elyrose Sousa Brito , Moura Maria Eliete Batista
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate the skin lesions in children and adolescents with neurological diseases in a physical therapy rehabilitation process. Method: A retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The sample consists of 101 medical records of children and adolescents treated at a Rehabilitation Center in Teresina - Piaui, Brazil. The data were collected by means of form, evaluation sheet and the Likert scale and processed in SPSS, presented in tables and a descriptive statistical analysis performed. Results: The major lesions which affected patients were pityriasis versicolor - 25.7% and pediculosis -21.8%. Data from the Likert scale regarding the injury originated from dermatological lesions with patients undergoing rehabilitation, the option not agree totally accounted for 37.1%, the option indifferent accounted for 3.4%, partially agree representing 24.7% and completely agree 34 8%. Final Considerations: The skin lesions cause treatment interruptions harming children and adolescents in physical therapy rehabilitation.
Physical disability prevalence in leprosy assisted in Teresina city (PI) reference center from 2005 to 2010
Authors: Carvalho Manuella Simplício Viana de , Martins Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e , Nunes Paulo Humberto Moreira , Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista de
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de incapacidade física em hansenianos atendidos em centro de referência da cidade de Teresina-PI. Métodos: Estudo descritivo em que foram revisados prontuários de 1.036 pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2010. Foram analisados os parâmetros idade, sexo, ocupação, classificação operacional e forma clínica da doença, grau de incapacidade física e região do corpo afetada por incapacidade. Associações entre as variáveis estudadas foram investigadas por meio do teste do Qui-quadrado. Resultados: A prevalência de incapacidade física foi de 21,4%, sendo 13,3% de grau I e 8,1% de grau II, e ambas apresentaram associação significativa com sexo masculino, idade maior ou igual a 30 anos e forma virchowiana e multibacilar. As regiões mais afetadas foram os pés (Grau I e II) e mãos (Grau II). Conclusão: A elevada prevalência de incapacidade física indica a necessidade de cuidados para evitar maiores comprometimentos da qualidade de vida e capacidade produtiva dos pacientes.
The teenagers’ idea about the prevention of crack
Authors: Magalhães Juliana Macêdo , Monteiro Claudete Ferreira de Souza , Figueiredo Maria do Livramento Fortes
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To describe and understand ideas of adolescents on the crack use prevention. Methods: A qualitative study with the action research method was conducted, located at the Family Health Strategy, a community located in the state of Maranhao. The subjects were eleven adolescents. The data were collected by means of seminars and analyzed using content analysis. Results: It was observed that adolescents have the conception that the use of crack can be triggered by a lack of information. They feel the need to be more prepared in order to better understand the possible ways of prevention, complications and risks resulting from crack abuse. Conclusion: It is concluded that the professionals of the Family Health Strategy need to be more prepared when it comes to adolescents, so they can actually recognize the real needs of these individuals.
Ergonomic risk: social representations of dental students
Authors: Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Sousa Yara Teresinha Correa Silva , Moura Guilherme César Batista , Matos Francisca Tereza Coelho , Falcão Carlos Alberto Monteiro , Monte Thiago LIma
Published: May 2021

Objective: To learn the social representations of ergonomic risk prepared ​​by dental students. Methodology: This exploratory study, subsidized the Theory of Social Representations, with 64 dental students of an educational institution, by means of interviews. The data were processed in Alceste4.8 and lexical analysis done by the descending hierarchical classification. Results: In two categories: knowledge about exposure to ergonomic risk end attitude of students on preventing and treating injuries caused by repetitive motion. For students, the ergonomic risk is related to the attitude in the dental office. Conclusion: Prevention of ergonomic risk for dental students has not been incorporated as a set of necessary measures for their health and the patients, to prevent ergonomic hazards that can result in harm to the patient caused by work-related musculoskeletal disorder, which is reflected in a lower quality practice.
Home parturition: power to feminine nature and a challenge for the obstetric nurse
Authors: Souza Roberta Mattos de , Soares Lidia Santos , Quitete Jane Baptista
Published: May 2021

O trabalho discute o poder feminino na arte de parir, dando voz às mulheres que protagonizaram este ato através do parto domiciliar. Objetivos: Identificar os motivos que levaram as mulheres a optarem pelo parto domiciliar; avaliar a assistência obstétrica recebida pelas parturientes em seus domicílios. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a história de vida e os sujeitos foram constituídos por cinco mulheres que tiveram seus partos no domicílio, assistidas pela enfermeira obstetra. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em outubro e novembro de 2009 através da entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que a motivação para a escolha de um parto fora do modelo institucionalizado está relacionada à multifatores como personalidade, estilo de vida, visão de mundo e experiências vivenciadas com seus ascendentes. Conclusão: A enfermeira obstetra foi considerada uma profissional acolhedora e competente para acompanhar o parto domiciliar transmitindo tranquilidade e segurança às parturientes. Descritores: Saúde da Mulher, Enfermagem Obstétrica, Parto Domiciliar.
The production of meanings drawn by students in tutoring in undergraduate nursing
Authors: Dantas da Silva Carmen Maria dos Santos Lopes Monteiro , Silva Paulo Sergio da
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Analisar os significados produzidos nos desenhos livres e construídos pelos estudantes na tutoria enquanto cenário de aprendizagem no curso de graduação e discutir as fragilidades e fortalezas da tutoria demonstradas nos desenhos livres construídos pelos estudantes durante o processo de formação do estudante de enfermagem. Método: Estudo de pesquisa qualitativa. O cenário uma faculdade privada do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos 87 estudantes, do 1º ao 7º períodos de enfermagem. Os procedimentos ético-legais estiveram presentes e a autorização do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa-protocolo n.º 581-11. Resultados: A análise dos dados coletados contemplaram a análise temática. Da leitura dos desenhos obtivemos a compreensão de que os estudantes valorizam a tutoria, ao terem que construir a aprendizagem com base na responsabilidade. Conclusão: O estudo se propõe a incentivar os estudantes e professores na consecução da melhor qualidade na formação.
The nurse's work on identification of occupational risks in hyperbaric medicine
Authors: Barboza Gabryella Vencionek , Cortez Elaine Antunes , Valente Geilsa Soraia Cavalcanti
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: elaborar o mapa de risco; identificar os riscos ocupacionais ao trabalhador da clínica de medicina hiperbárica; descrever ações/ medidas preventivas do enfermeiro do trabalho para minimizar os riscos existentes. Métodos: estudo descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. O mapa de riscos foi elaborado utilizando-se o programa Adobe Ilustrator CS3, após autorização. Resultados: o trabalho dos profissionais nas clínicas de Medicina Hiperbárica está envolto em vários fatores de risco ocupacional, destacando-se a probabilidade de incêndio ou explosão que podem ocasionar danos à saúde dos trabalhadores e até mesmo a morte. O enfermeiro do trabalho pode atuar orientando/educando os trabalhadores quanto à importância de utilização de estratégias para eliminar/manter afastadas todas as fontes de ignição na presença de oxigênio. Conclusão: a elaboração do mapa de riscos é de primordial importância para o diagnóstico dos riscos ocupacionais e conseqüentemente para o planejamento de medidas preventivas, visando à promoção da saúde dos trabalhadores.
Profile of family caregivers of elderly at home
Authors: Anjos Karla Ferraz dos , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Pereira Rafael , Santos Vanessa Cruz , Boery Eduardo Nagib , Casotti Cezar Augusto
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Investigar o perfil sociodemográfico de cuidadores familiares de idosos que residem no domicílio e o nível de sobrecarga imposta pela atividade de cuidado. Método: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com 29 cuidadores familiares de idosos, cadastrados em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foram coletados dados referentes à independência funcional dos idosos, sociodemográficos e nível de sobrecarga do cuidador. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob Parecer nº 128.580/2012. Resultados: Constatou-se que 79% dos idosos cuidados apresentavam dependência funcional. O perfil dos cuidadores evidenciou que em sua maioria são mulheres, casadas, com idade avançada, grau de escolaridade e renda baixa. O tempo dedicado ao cuidado é longo, justificando a sobrecarga observada, principalmente nos cuidadores de idosos dependentes. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se necessidade de maior suporte social e de saúde aos cuidadores familiares, o que poderia contribuir na redução da sobrecarga relacionada ao cuidar. Descritores: Cuidadores, Família, Idoso, Apoio Social.
Vulnerability and access in adolescent health in view of the parents
Authors: Dos Reis Dener Carlos , Alves Rodrigo Henrique , Jordão Natália Angelica Fernandes , Viegas Ana Maria , Carvalho Simone Mendes
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de pais sobre vulnerabilidades e necessidades de acesso em saúde na adolescência no município de Contagem/Minas Gerais. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo desenvolvido com 94 pais de adolescentes de 12 escolas públicas municipais que responderam a um questionário semiestruturado e autoaplicável. As informações foram analisadas a partir do modelo de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin. Resultados: a exposição/utilização de drogas, hábitos alimentares inadequados, barreiras no acesso em saúde e comportamentos de risco/agravos associados à sexualidade foram as principais vulnerabilidades à saúde na adolescência apontadas pelos participantes.  Apesar de priorizarem a consulta médica e odontológica, mencionaram a importância da enfermagem no acesso às ações de saúde na adolescência, como à vacinação, grupos educativos e avaliação do crescimento/desenvolvimento dos adolescentes. Conclusão: a promoção da saúde dos adolescentes demanda por constante avaliação das situações e níveis de vulnerabilidades à saúde desse grupo através do Programa Saúde na Escola.
Evaluation of basic and instrumental activities of daily life of elderly participants in groups living together
Authors: Carvalho Isaiane da Silva , Lima Neto Alcides Viana de , Da Silva Bárbara Coeli Oliveira , Nunes Vilani Medeiros de Araújo , Alchieri João Carlos
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho de idosos participantes de grupos de convivência na realização das atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária. Métodos: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 111 idosos integrantes de grupos de convivência. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a maio de 2011, por meio de entrevista estruturada composta pelos seguintes instrumentos: caracterização epidemiológica e demográfica e escalas de Katz e Lawton. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (CAAE: 0235.0.051.000-10). Resultados: Houve uma prevalência do sexo feminino, com idade média de 70,7 anos. Segundo a escala de Katz e Lawton 88,28% e 27,92% dos idosos foram classificados como independentes, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os centros de convivência constituem-se como espaços relevantes no contexto da saúde do idoso. Descritores: Idoso, Saúde do idoso, Centros de convivência e lazer.
Alright, this research is different! Histories of nursing revitalized by the cordel literature
Authors: Silva Onã
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Desenvolver pesquisa sobre conhecimento estético narrando histórias da enfermagem revitalizadas pela literatura de cordel. Método: Realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa e adotou-se a questão norteadora: É possível narrar a história da enfermagem produzindo conhecimento revitalizado pelo cordel? Levantaram-se fontes primárias utilizando critério de inclusão referencial: textos históricos, biografias, literaturas de cordel e outros dados. Utilizou-se processo criativo e complexo construindo o material de ressignificação estético-cordelizada. Resultados: Analisaram-se diversas referências como artigos, livros, legislações e teses. Utilizou-se o regramento da sextilha produzindo um projeto literário contendo quatro capítulos e 28 cordéis. Participaram da pesquisa a autora, consultor de cordel, ilustrador, designer. Conclusão: As produções criativas fomentam o desenvolvimento científico e o cordel permite produzir conhecimento e divulgação estético-histórica sobre a enfermagem. Sem dúvida, que esta pesquisa cordelizada contém ineditismo, inovação e criatividade para a ciência-arte. Descritores: Enfermagem, História da enfermagem, Pesquisa em enfermagem, Educação em enfermagem.
Environmental responsibility through the view of basic health attention workers
Authors: Peres Roger Rodrigues , Camponogara Silviamar , Silva Adrielle Chermont , Jacobi Eduarda de Oliveira , Bataglin Magali Scapin , Soares Sabrina Gonçalves Aguiar
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos trabalhadores da atenção básica à saúde acerca de sua responsabilidade ambiental. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com trabalhadores de unidades de atenção básica à saúde. os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com base no referencial para análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os sujeitos citaram a segregação de materiais como principal atividade de cunho ambiental. Apresentaram dificuldade em expressar-se sobre sua responsabilidade ambiental, mas entendem isso como inerente as pessoas. Também teceram preocupações quanto à falta de cuidado e educação da comunidade, e ao não incentivo governamental para trabalhar com a temática. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário refletir sobre as posturas pessoais e profissionais dos trabalhadores desde a sua formação; sensibilizar a comunidade para que exerça seu papel de voz ativa na construção da saúde; e fortalecer políticas públicas de cunho socioambiental.
Strategies for teaching learning process in nursing graduate and Postgraduate nursing
Authors: Santo Ana Dulce Batista dos , Oliveira Kalyane Kelly Duarte de , Rosário Sâmara Sirdênia Duarte de , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho , Tourinho Francis Solange Vieira , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira dos
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Apresentar as estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem do processo de enfermagem utilizadas nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados CINAHL, LILACS e MEDLINE. A busca dos artigos foi realizada através dos descritores controlados Nursing Process; Education, Nursing; Teaching; Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs; Education, Graduate; utilizando o operador boleano AND. A amostra constitui-se de 8 artigos. Resultados: Várias estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem do processo de enfermagem são apontadas, a saber: ferramentas eletrônicas, estudos de caso escritos, aula expositiva e aulas teórico-prática para o ensino de graduação. Entretanto, destaca-se a ausência de estudos referentes ao ensino do processo de enfermagem em nível de pós-graduação. Conclusão: A utilização de metodologias inovadoras e ativas facilitam o processo de aprendizagem, enquanto a abordagem restrita a teoria é fator dificultador.
The care of the child with chronic or disabling disease in the hospital context
Authors: Cervo Zamberlan Kellen , Tatsch Neves Eliane , Gais Severo Valéria Regina , Passos dos Santos Raíssa
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar as implicações da hospitalização nos cuidado à criança com doença crônica ou incapacitante no contexto hospitalar. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca foi desenvolvida nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol sem recorte temporal especificado. Os dados foram organizados em um quadro analítico que foi submetido à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os artigos foram agrupados em duas categorias: fatores que influenciam no cotidiano de cuidado à criança com doença crônica ou incapacitante e sua família no contexto hospitalar; as estratégias para a realização do cuidado a essas crianças e suas famílias no contexto hospitalar. Conclusão: O cuidado prestado à criança com doença crônica ou incapacitante está sendo desenvolvido principalmente pela família e que esta encontra dificuldades em seu cotidiano para lidar com esta realidade, tanto no ambiente hospitalar, quanto no domicílio.
Vaccination against influenza in elderly residents in the community
Authors: De Souza Santos Claúdio Luís , Alves Carolina dos Reis , Alves Marta dos Reis , Barbosa Teles Mariza Alves , Da Silva Doane Martins , Teixeira da Fonseca Jorge Lucas
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a cobertura vacinal contra influenza em idosos cadastrados em uma unidade de saúde da família no município de Montes Claros-MG e analisar os fatores associados à vacinação contra influenza com base em variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 74 idosos, sendo utilizados para a coleta de dados instrumento semi-estruturado e multidimensional, com análise à luz da epidemiologia descritiva, aprovado sob parecer nº 0334/2009 pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Unida do Norte de Minas. Resultados: A prevalência de vacinação entre os idosos foi de 78,4% (n=58), havendo maior adesão entre os idosos casados/união estável, analfabetos e com idade entre 70 a 79 anos. Conclusão: Este estudo contribui para a tomada de decisão dos profissionais fornecendo ferramentas que subsidiam o fazer para atender as reais necessidades visando uma assistência integral. Descritores: Saúde, idoso, vacinação.
Cardiovascular risk stratification in young adults: relation to blood pressure, and found anthropometry biochemical
Authors: Gomes Emiliana Bezerra , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Estratificar o risco cardiovascular de adultos jovens pelo Escore de Risco Framingham (ERF) e relacioná-lo à pressão arterial, dados antropométricos e bioquímicos. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, realizado com 351 escolares adultos jovens de 12 escolas públicas em Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará, selecionados aleatoriamente, estratificados por escola e turno. Os dados sociodemográficos foram coletados por questionário, seguido da verificação objetiva da pressão arterial e circunferência abdominal (CA). A coleta de material e análise bioquímica, medida de peso e altura, foram realizadas em laboratório contratado. Resultados: Foi constatado ter maioria feminina, mestiça, conciliando estudo e trabalho. Foi pequeno o risco dos adultos jovens pelo ERF, porém, estatisticamente significativo, entre ERF e pressão arterial diastólica, CA, índice de massa corporal e colesteróis HDL, LDL e triglicerídeos. Conclusão: Quantificar riscos cardiovasculares em adultos jovens pode subsidiar ações de enfermagem relevantes na promoção da saúde cardiovascular.
Ocupational hazards in a mobile emergency care
Authors: Costa Isabel Karolyne Fernandes , Liberato Samilly Márjore Dantas , Costa Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes , Melo Marjorie Dantas Medeiros , Simpson Clélia Albino , Farias Glaucea Maciel de
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar os riscos ocupacionais peculiares às atividades desenvolvidas em um Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa realizada com 162 profissionais mediante instrumento constituído por: caracterização pessoal, caracterização profissional e percepção dos profissionais sobre os fatores de risco ocupacionais. O projeto de pesquisa foi apreciado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (CAAE: 0165.0.051.000-10). Resultados: Foi constatado que, dentre os riscos físicos, 34,6% consideram os ruídos como os mais importantes; 78,4% valorizaram os gases/fumaças como principal risco químico; 48,8% informaram ser o contato com o sangue o principal risco biológico; 80,9% afirmaram que o principal risco mecânico é o de acidentes de transporte; 40,1% afirmaram que o principal risco ergonômico é a tensão/estresse. Conclusão: Compreender os ambientes de trabalho favorece ações preventivas e corretivas para os riscos ocupacionais.
The cultura interfering in the wish of kind of delivery
Authors: Pimenta Lizandra Flores , Silva Silvana Cruz , Barreto Camila Nunes , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Estudo qualitativo realizado em hospital de ensino e uma unidade básica de saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, de janeiro a março de 2011, que objetivou compreender de que forma a cultura influencia no processo de parturição da mulher. Métodos: Foram entrevistadas 08 mulheres e, os dados foram analisados e interpretados conforme Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Esta análise possibilitou duas categorias: a percepção das mulheres sobre o parto desejado: e, questionamento e resistência ao modelo biomédico. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que a via de parto desejada pela maioria das entrevistadas foi o parto normal, mas constatou-se que a maioria não conseguiu realizar esse desejo, devido à influência e às intervenções recebidas do médico. Conclusões: Foi demonstrado pelas mulheres claro desagrado por algumas práticas que retiram da mulher a sua autonomia no processo da parturição sendo uma delas a falta de autonomia na escolha da via de parto normal.
Nonlinear PI robust adaptive control for uncertain multiple‐input multiple‐output nonlinear systems: Application to the visual servoing problem
Authors: Psillakis Haris E. , Oikonomidis Konstantinos A.
Published: May 2021

In this work, a nonlinear proportional and integral controller is presented for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) unknown nonlinear systems in normal form with unknown disturbances. The proposed control laws utilize nonlinear PI gains with trigonometric terms along with neural network (NN) approximators in order to account for both unknown nonlinearities and control directions. A proper selection of the frequencies of the periodic functions used in the multiple control inputs ensures that, as the PI function increases, the periodic functions trace all possible control direction sign configurations. A new theoretical result is proved suitable for demonstrating the boundedness of the PI variables in a framework that also includes parameter estimation error terms. We then proceed to design a robust adaptive NN nonlinear PI MIMO controller that ensures both convergence of the tracking error to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin and boundedness of all closed‐loop variables in the presence of unknown nonlinearities and external disturbances. An application to the uncalibrated visual servoing problem verifies the validity of our method.
Epitaxial Growth of 2D Materials on High‐Index Substrate Surfaces
Authors: Zhang Leining , Peng Peng , Ding Feng
Published: May 2021

Recently, the successful synthesis of wafer‐scale single‐crystal graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and MoS2 on transition metal surfaces with step edges boosted the research interests in synthesizing wafer‐scale 2D single crystals on high‐index substrate surfaces. Here, using hBN growth on high‐index Cu surfaces as an example, a systematic theoretical study to understand the epitaxial growth of 2D materials on various high‐index surfaces is performed. It is revealed that hBN orientation on a high‐index surface is highly dependent on the alignment of the step edges of the surface as well as the surface roughness. On an ideal high‐index surface, well‐aligned hBN islands can be easily achieved, whereas curved step edges on a rough surface can lead to the alignment of hBN along with different directions. This study shows that high‐index surfaces with a large step density are robust for templating the epitaxial growth of 2D single crystals due to their large tolerance for surface roughness and provides a general guideline for the epitaxial growth of various 2D single crystals.
A Difluoro‐Monobromo End Group Enables High‐Performance Polymer Acceptor and Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells Processable with Green Solvent under Ambient Condition
Authors: Yu Han , Luo Siwei , Sun Rui , Angunawela Indunil , Qi Zhenyu , Peng Zhengxing , Zhou Wentao , Han Han , Wei Rong , Pan Mingao , Cheung Andy Man Hong , Zhao Dahui , Zhang Jianquan , Ade Harald , Min Jie , Yan He
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a difluoro‐monobromo end group is designed and synthesized, which is then used to construct a novel polymer acceptor (named PY2F‐T) yielding high‐performance all‐polymer solar cells with 15.22% efficiency. The fluorination strategy can increase the intramolecular charge transfer and interchain packing of the previous PY‐T based acceptor, and significantly improve photon harvesting and charge mobility of the resulting polymer acceptor. In addition, detailed morphology investigations reveal that the PY2F‐T‐based blend shows smaller domain spacing and higher domain purity, which significantly suppress charge recombination as supported by time‐resolved techniques. These polymer properties enable simultaneously enhanced JSC and FF of the PY2F‐T‐based devices, eventually delivering device efficiencies of over 15%, significantly outperforming that of the devices based on the non‐fluorinated PY‐T polymer (13%). More importantly, the PY2F‐T‐based active layers can be processed under ambient conditions and still achieve a 14.37% efficiency. They can also be processed using non‐halogenated solvent o‐xylene (no additive) and yield a decent performance of 13.05%. This work demonstrates the success of the fluorination strategy in the design of high‐performance polymer acceptors, which provide guidelines for developing new all‐PSCs with better efficiencies and stabilities for commercial applications.
Air‐Stable LixAl Foil as Free‐Standing Electrode with Improved Electrochemical Ductility by Shot‐Peening Treatment
Authors: Fan Huimin , Li Sa , Yu Yue , Xu Hui , Jiang Mengwen , Huang Yunhui , Li Ju
Published: May 2021

A self‐supporting Al foil anode should be attractive to the lithium‐ion battery (LIB) industry. However, initial attempts at using thin Al foil directly as a LIB anode ends up with extremely large initial Coulombic inefficiency and gross mechanical failures in just a few cycles. This feels incongruent with the expectation that face‐centered cubic Al should have good ductility. In this study, the discrepancy between “electrochemical ductility” and “mechanical ductility” is explained. Unlike “mechanical ductility” based on dislocation slip inside each grain, here it is proposed that “electrochemical ductility” of such high‐capacity alloy foil electrodes should be related to grain boundaries (GB) activities. It is found that after reducing the grain size D > 50 µm of the starting Al foil by shot‐peening treatment, higher GB density (e.g., smaller initial grain size D < 20 µm) greatly alleviates the initial porosity damage after the roll‐to‐roll mechanical prelithiation and significantly improves electrochemical ductility thereafter, with enhanced cycle life in various kinds of full cells. LixAl foil also demonstrates surprising air stability with negligible capacity loss even after several hours’ exposure to air. Such thin prelithiated metallic foil anodes are therefore highly competitive against pure Li metal foils.
Disk Triboelectric Nanogenerator‐Based Nonvolatile Memory toward Smart Identification System
Authors: Yun Jonghyeon , Roh Hyeonhee , Choi Jieun , Gu Dongyeop , Kim Daewon
Published: May 2021

With the rapid advancement of the Internet of things (IoT), security issues of the IoT are emerging because the wireless networks for conventional IoT are easily exposed to hacking. By storing the critical data in a physically separate space, these issues can be suppressed. The nonvolatile memory (NVM) is an attractive solution because the stored data are not erased even after turning off the power. However, the NVM consumes the power for operating and remaining data are exposed to attack. Hence, NVM with high security and low power operation is highly required for IoT platforms. Herein, a disk triboelectric nanogenerator‐based NVM (DTNVM) is developed. The DTNVM can be operated with low power because the reading process of stored data is conducted with triboelectricity. Since the ternary system is adopted, 23 to 119 trits can be stored at the DTNVM by changing the sampling time. The identification information is stored at the DTNVM and 91.3% of consistency of the data with a range of 10% tolerance is recorded as result of the reading. Based on the result, the DTNVM is expected to be utilized in the near future as a next‐generation NVM and for safe identification systems at the IoT.
Multiple Magnetic Phases in Van Der Waals Mn‐Doped SnS2 Semiconductor
Authors: Bouzid Houcine , Sahoo Ramchandra , Yun Seok Joon , Singh Kirandeep , Jin Youngjo , Jiang Jinbao , Yoon Duhee , Song Hyun Yong , Kim Giheon , Choi Wooseon , Kim Young‐Min , Lee Young Hee
Published: May 2021

2D van der Waals magnetic semiconductors have emerged along with the possibilities of achieving an efficient gate tunability and a proximity effect with a high magnetic anisotropy compared with 3D counterparts. Little explored are multiple magnetic phases with a single crystallographic phase. Herein, the multiple magnetic phases in a Mn‐doped SnS2 single crystal with different doping concentrations using a one‐step self‐flux method are reported. Two ferromagnetic phases with a canted spin direction exist regardless of the Mn‐doping concentration at up to 5 at%. Antiferromagnetism coexists with the ferromagnetic order and strengthens at high Mn‐doping concentrations. A magnetoresistance measurement conducted on a 2 at% Mn‐SnS2 flake exhibits a positive‐to‐negative crossover with a value of as high as 50% and clear anisotropy, confirming the presence of ferromagnetic order in the material. By revealing multiple magnetic phases in Mn‐doped SnS2, the study broadens the scope of state‐of‐the‐art research on layered magnetic semiconductors.
Mitochondria Targeted O2 Economizer to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yuan Ping , Deng Fu‐An , Liu Yi‐Bin , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Rao Xiao‐Na , Qiu Xiao‐Zhong , Zhang Da‐Wei , Yu Xi‐Yong , Cheng Hong , Li Shi‐Ying
Published: May 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) often suffers from the exacerbated tumor hypoxia and the heterogeneous distribution of photosensitizers, leading to an inefficient ROS productivity and availability. In this work, a mitochondria targeted O2 economizer (designated as Mito‐OxE) is developed to improve PDT efficiency by alleviating tumor hypoxia and enhancing the subcellular localization of photosensitizers. Specifically, the photosensitizer of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is modified with the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol and the lipophilic cation of triphenylphosphine (TPP) to fabricate the biocompatible mitochondria targeted photosensitizers (designated as Mito‐PSs). And Mito‐OxE is prepared by using Mito‐PSs to load the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors of atovaquone (ATO). Benefiting from the targeting capability of TPP, Mito‐OxE can selectively accumulate in mitochondria after cellular uptake. Subsequently, the mitochondrial respiration would be suppressed to with the participation of ATO, resulting in a local hypoxia mitigation for enhanced PDT. Compared with Mito‐PSs, Mito‐OxE maximizes the therapeutic effect against hypoxic tumors under light irradiation. This design of mitochondria targeted O2 economizer would advance the development of targeted drug delivery system for effective PDT regardless of hypoxic microenvironment.
Electronic Drugs: Spatial and Temporal Medical Treatment of Human Diseases
Authors: Won Chihyeong , Kwon Chaebeen , Park Kijun , Seo Jungmok , Lee Taeyoon
Published: May 2021

Recent advances in diagnostics and medicines emphasize the spatial and temporal aspects of monitoring and treating diseases. However, conventional therapeutics, including oral administration and injection, have difficulties meeting these aspects due to physiological and technological limitations, such as long‐term implantation and a narrow therapeutic window. As an innovative approach to overcome these limitations, electronic devices known as electronic drugs (e‐drugs) have been developed to monitor real‐time body signals and deliver specific treatments to targeted tissues or organs. For example, ingestible and patch‐type e‐drugs could detect changes in biomarkers at the target sites, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the skin, and deliver therapeutics to enhance healing in a spatiotemporal manner. However, medical treatments often require invasive surgical procedures and implantation of medical equipment for either short or long‐term use. Therefore, approaches that could minimize implantation‐associated side effects, such as inflammation and scar tissue formation, while maintaining high functionality of e‐drugs, are highly needed. Herein, the importance of the spatial and temporal aspects of medical treatment is thoroughly reviewed along with how e‐drugs use cutting‐edge technological innovations to deal with unresolved medical challenges. Furthermore, diverse uses of e‐drugs in clinical applications and the future perspectives of e‐drugs are discussed.
Massively Parallel Arrays of Size‐Controlled Metallic Nanogaps with Gap‐Widths Down to the Sub‐3‐nm Level
Authors: Luo Sihai , Mancini Andrea , Berté Rodrigo , Hoff Bård H. , Maier Stefan A. , de Mello John C.
Published: May 2021

Metallic nanogaps (MNGs) are fundamental components of nanoscale photonic and electronic devices. However, the lack of reproducible, high‐yield fabrication methods with nanometric control over the gap‐size has hindered practical applications. A patterning technique based on molecular self‐assembly and physical peeling is reported here that allows the gap‐width to be tuned from more than 30 nm to less than 3 nm. The ability of the technique to define sub‐3‐nm gaps between dissimilar metals permits the easy fabrication of molecular rectifiers, in which conductive molecules bridge metals with differing work functions. A method is further described for fabricating massively parallel nanogap arrays containing hundreds of millions of ring‐shaped nanogaps, in which nanometric size control is maintained over large patterning areas of up to a square centimeter. The arrays exhibit strong plasmonic resonances under visible light illumination and act as high‐performance substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, with high enhancement factors of up to 3 × 108 relative to thin gold films. The methods described here extend the range of metallic nanostructures that can be fabricated over large areas, and are likely to find many applications in molecular electronics, plasmonics, and biosensing.
Graphene Energy Transfer for Single‐Molecule Biophysics, Biosensing, and Super‐Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Kamińska Izabela , Bohlen Johann , Yaadav Renukka , Schüler Patrick , Raab Mario , Schröder Tim , Zähringer Jonas , Zielonka Karolina , Krause Stefan , Tinnefeld Philip
Published: May 2021

Graphene is considered a game‐changing material, especially for its mechanical and electrical properties. This work exploits that graphene is almost transparent but quenches fluorescence in a range up to ≈40 nm. Graphene as a broadband and unbleachable energy‐transfer acceptor without labeling, is used to precisely determine the height of molecules with respect to graphene, to visualize the dynamics of DNA nanostructures, and to determine the orientation of Förster‐type resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs. Using DNA origami nanopositioners, biosensing, single‐molecule tracking, and DNA PAINT super‐resolution with <3 nm z‐resolution are demonstrated. The range of examples shows the potential of graphene‐on‐glass coverslips as a versatile platform for single‐molecule biophysics, biosensing, and super‐resolution microscopy.
A General Control Strategy to Micropattern Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Ionically Charged Dielectric Surface
Authors: Sasaki Yuji , Takahashi Junnosuke , Yokokawa Shunsuke , Kikkawa Takuho , Mikami Ryota , Orihara Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Tailoring self‐organized nano/microstructures in soft materials is crucial for exploiting intrinsic functional properties toward emerging applications. Engineered topological defects in liquid crystals are interesting for electro‐optical devices as well as for soft actuators morphing surface. Despite the promising potential, there are currently few bottom‐up methods for positioning a large number of defects periodically over a large area. It is highly challenging to develop essential techniques for achieving high‐throughput fabrication with simple procedure. Using ultraviolet/ozone treatment, herein we present a general and robust strategy to produce the surface that can be a platform for a self‐organized micropattern of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals, irrespective of the chemical structure of compounds including polymerizable monomers. The micropattern formation is controllable by applying area‐selective surface modification, which dramatically improves the fabrication efficiency. By low frequency impedance spectroscopy, the distinctive frequency dependence of the apparent threshold voltage at the micropattern formation is experimentally assigned to a unique reorientational response which occurs when a dielectric surface is charged by ionic additives. This characterization provides crucial guidance in further engineering self‐organized topological defects in liquid crystals.
Mechanical Deformation Induced Circular Dichroism in Propeller‐Shaped Terahertz Metamaterials
Authors: Han Donghai , Zhang Liuyang , Becton Matthew , Chen Xuefeng
Published: May 2021

Understanding the manipulation of terahertz (THz) waves is of tremendous importance to the development of functional devices with excellent performance in communication and imaging sectors. THz chiral metamaterials (MMs) are emerging as candidates exhibiting selective polarization‐state modulations. Here, mechanically tunable chiral MMs composed of propeller‐shaped units on a pre‐stretched flexible substrate, are proposed. Due to the reversible tensile mechanical deformation induced by the elastic substrate, the structural chirality as well as the circular dichroism (CD) upon circular‐polarized THz incidence are significantly enhanced. The intensity and position of CD spectra can be sensitively regulated by an externally applied strain on the deformable device. Additionally, it is found that CD spectra are highly sensitive to the geometrical configuration, including rotational symmetries and handedness. The MM with the lowest rotational symmetry demonstrates the most prominent CD performance and the opposite structural handedness can reverse CD over the whole spectra, respectively. The reconfigurable THz MM with facile mechanical deformation unfolds a new degree of freedom for tuning the CD while simultaneously shedding light on the development of novel THz modulation in flexible functional devices.
Steep‐Slope Gate‐Connected Atomic Threshold Switching Field‐Effect Transistor with MoS2 Channel and Its Application to Infrared Detectable Phototransistors
Authors: Kim Seung‐Geun , Kim Seung‐Hwan , Kim Gwang‐Sik , Jeon Hyeok , Kim Taehyun , Yu Hyun‐Yong
Published: May 2021

For next‐generation electronics and optoelectronics, 2D‐layered nanomaterial‐based field effect transistors (FETs) have garnered attention as promising candidates owing to their remarkable properties. However, their subthreshold swings (SS) cannot be lower than 60 mV/decade owing to the limitation of the thermionic carrier injection mechanism, and it remains a major challenge in 2D‐layered nanomaterial‐based transistors. Here, a gate‐connected MoS2 atomic threshold switching FET using a nitrogen‐doped HfO2‐based threshold switching (TS) device is developed. The proposed device achieves an extremely low SS of 11 mV/decade and a high on‐off ratio of ≈106 by maintaining a high on‐state drive current due to the steep switching of the TS device at the gate region. In particular, the proposed device can function as an infrared detectable phototransistor with excellent optical properties. The proposed device is expected to pave the way for the development of future 2D channel‐based electrical and optical transistors.
Parameterization of Metallic Grids on Transparent Conductive Electrodes for the Scaling of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Burwell Gregory , Burridge Nicholas , Bond Eloise , Li Wei , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan
Published: May 2021

Intense research interest in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has resulted in steadily improving figures of merit in recent years. Typically, these devices are fabricated by processing active and buffer layers on transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). Superlative OPV devices are small (<≈0.1 cm2). The sheet resistance of available monolithic transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials limits the performance of larger devices and hence the practically attainable cell area. Here, the use of metallic grids in combination with TCOs to create composite TCEs as a means of scaling solution‐processed photovoltaics devices to practical sizes is parameterized. Finite element modeling is used to investigate the relevant design parameters and to estimate figures of merit for realistic organic solar cells. It is shown that the scalability of devices with metallic grids improves significantly when grids are implemented at micrometer scales. Representative silver grids are fabricated and the optical and electrical properties of the resulting structures are measured. Overall, these findings indicate that metallic grids can be designed to develop large‐area solution‐processed solar cells with currently available fabrication techniques.
Association of Life's Simple 7 with incident dementia and its modification by the apolipoprotein E genotype
Authors: Guo Jing , Brickman Adam M. , Manly Jennifer J. , Reitz Christiane , Schupf Nicole , Mayeux Richard P. , Gu Yian
Published: May 2021

Introduction

There is limited and inconsistent reporting on the association between Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and dementia in the elderly population.

Methods

Based on the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), LS7 scores were estimated to assess cardiovascular health status. Associations between LS7 scores and incident dementia were investigated by Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Among 1987 subjects, 291 incident cases of dementia were identified over a median follow‐up of 5.84 years. Compared with subjects in the poor cardiovascular health group (scores 0 to 5), those in intermediate (6 to 9) and optimal (10 to 14) groups had lower dementia risk, with the hazard ratio (HR; 95% confidence interval) being 0.74 (0.54 to 1.00) and 0.59 (0.38 to 0.91), respectively. These results were significant in apolipoprotein E genotype ε4 (APOE ε4) allele non‐carriers but not in carriers.

Discussion

Higher LS7 scores are protective for dementia, especially among the APOE ε4 noncarriers.
Magnetic resonance imaging under isoflurane anesthesia alters cortical cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and glial cell morphology during sepsis‐associated neurological dysfunction in rats
Authors: Dhaya Ibtihel , Griton Marion , Konsman Jan Pieter
Published: May 2021

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of rodents combined with histology allows to determine what mechanisms underlie functional and structural brain changes during sepsis‐associated encephalopathy. However, the effects of MRI performed in isoflurane‐anesthetized rodents on modifications of the blood‐brain barrier and the production of vasoactive prostaglandins and glia cells, which have been proposed to mediate sepsis‐associated brain dysfunction, are unknown.

Methods

This study addressed the effect of MRI under isoflurane anesthesia on blood‐brain barrier integrity, cyclooxygenase‐2 expression, and glial cell activation during cecal ligature and puncture‐induced sepsis‐associated brain dysfunction in rats.

Results

Cecal ligature and puncture reduced food intake and the righting reflex. MRI under isoflurane anesthesia reduced blood‐brain barrier breakdown, decreased circularity of white matter astrocytes, and increased neuronal cyclooxygenase‐2 immunoreactivity in the cortex 24 hours after laparotomy. In addition, it annihilated cecal ligature and puncture‐induced increased circularity of white matter microglia. MRI under isoflurane anesthesia, however, did not alter sepsis‐associated perivascular cyclooxygenase‐2 induction.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that MRI under isoflurane anesthesia of rodents can modify neurovascular and glial responses and should, therefore, be interpreted with caution.
Bath‐Induced Collective Phenomena on Superconducting Qubits: Synchronization, Subradiance, and Entanglement Generation
Authors: Cattaneo Marco , Giorgi Gian Luca , Maniscalco Sabrina , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin , Zambrini Roberta
Published: May 2021

A common environment acting on a pair of qubits gives rise to a plethora of different phenomena, such as the generation of qubit–qubit entanglement, quantum synchronization, and subradiance. Here, time‐independent figures of merit for entanglement generation, quantum synchronization, and subradiance are defined, and an extensive analytical and numerical study of their dependence on model parameters is performed. A recently proposed measure of the collectiveness of the dynamics driven by the bath is also addressed, and it is found that it almost perfectly witnesses the behavior of entanglement generation. The results show that synchronization and subradiance can be employed as reliable local signatures of an entangling common‐bath in a general scenario. Finally, an experimental implementation of the model based on two transmon qubits capacitively coupled to a common resistor is proposed, which provides a versatile quantum simulation platform of the open system in any regime.
Conformational Control of Chemical Reactivity for Surface‐Confined Ru‐Porphyrins
Authors: Knecht Peter , Reichert Joachim , Deimel Peter S. , Feulner Peter , Haag Felix , Allegretti Francesco , Garnica Manuela , Schwarz Martin , Auwärter Willi , Ryan Paul T. P. , Lee Tien‐Lin , Duncan David A. , Seitsonen Ari Paavo , Barth Johannes V. , Papageorgiou Anthoula C.
Published: May 2021

We assess the crucial role of tetrapyrrole flexibility in the CO ligation to distinct Ru‐porphyrins supported on an atomistically well‐defined Ag(111) substrate. Our systematic real‐space visualisation and manipulation experiments with scanning tunnelling microscopy directly probe the ligation, while bond‐resolving atomic force microscopy and X‐ray standing‐wave measurements characterise the geometry, X‐ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy the electronic structure, and temperature‐programmed desorption the binding strength. Density‐functional‐theory calculations provide additional insight into the functional interface. We unambiguously demonstrate that the substituents regulate the interfacial conformational adaptability, either promoting or obstructing the uptake of axial CO adducts.