bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Prototypical Oil and Gas Sites to Model Methane Emissions in Colorado’s Denver-Julesburg Basin Using Mechanistic Emission Estimation Tool
Authors: Mollel Winrose , Zimmerle Daniel , Santos Arthur , Hodshire Anna
Published: December 2024

Traditional bottom-up (BU) methods estimate methane emissions from oil and gas facilities by multiplying activity data with emission factors. Top-down (TD) methods measure methane emissions from all sources across an entire site and often use BU estimates to attribute emissions specifically to natural gas, often through ethane-to-methane ratio analysis. However, traditional BU methods do not adequately account for variations in throughput and failure conditions, which can significantly impact gas composition and emission rates. The Mechanistic Air Emissions Simulator (MAES) is a computer model developed to estimate methane and other hydrocarbon emissions from oil and gas facilities. MAES employs two distinct modeling approaches: mechanistic models and traditional methods. MAES uses mechanistic models to estimate emissions based on fluid flow through equipment and equipment states, offering a detailed, process-oriented emissions representation. In contrast, the traditional methods utilized by MAES estimate emissions by applying activity data multiplied by emission factor distributions, offering a statistical approach grounded in empirical data. This study applies MAES to assess emission impacts on three vintages of production wellpads in the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) basin: a wellpad with two stages of separation ("old" facility), one with three stages of separation ("current" facility), and a tankless wellpad ("future" facility). The study found that increased throughput led to higher methane emissions in older wellpads but not in tankless future facilities. Additionally, MAES showed that failure conditions, like stuck dump valves, increased emission rates and affected the ethane-to-methane ratio, which could vary by 2.15 times depending on facility configuration. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating variability in facility operations into emissions estimates to improve accuracy and guide effective mitigation strategies.
Steering towards safe self-driving laboratories
Authors: Leong Shi Xuan , Griesbach Caleb E. , Zhang Rui , Darvish Kourosh , Zhao Yuchi , Mandal Abhijoy , Zou Yunheng , Hao Han , Bernales Varinia , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: December 2024

The past decade has witnessed remarkable advancements in autonomous systems, such as automobiles that are evolving from traditional vehicles to ones capable of navigating complex environments without human intervention. Similarly, the rise of self-driving laboratories, which leverage robotics and artificial intelligence to accelerate discovery, is driving a paradigm shift in scientific research. As SDLs evolve to expand the scope of chemical processes that can be performed, it is essential to bring safety to the forefront of SDL research to ensure necessary safeguards against potential accidents that range from near-misses to catastrophic failures. This perspective examines the trajectory of self-driving laboratories, juxtaposing their development with those of other autonomous technologies, with a particular focus on safety. We explore current safety status and concerns, identify opportunities for innovation to shape this rapidly evolving landscape, and reflect on the actions the SDL community can take moving forward.
A printed gate controlled electrochemical capacitor-diode (G-CAPode) for AC filtering applications
Authors: Gellrich Christin , Galek Przemyslaw , Shupletsov Leonid , Niese Nick , Bahrawi Ahmed , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan
Published: December 2024

For the first time a printable, miniaturized and gate-controlled electrochemical capacitor-diode (G-CAPode) is presented. The heart of the device consists of a recently developed asymmetric electrical double-layer capacitor system based on selective, size-depended ion adsorption. Due to the introduction of a sieving carbon with ultramicroporous pores (d = 0.69 nm) as one electrode material an effective blocking of ions with sizes below the pore size of the carbon can be achieved, leading to a unidirectional charging comparable to a diode (CAPode). This “working capacitor” (W-Cap) was further expanded by introducing a third (“gate”) electrode enabling a control of current and voltage output of the W-Cap depending on the applied gate bias between gate electrode and counter electrode of the W-Cap resembling transistor features. By varying the gate bias voltage, the potentials and therefore the working window of the W-Cap electrodes are shifted to more positive or negative potentials, leading to an increase or decrease of the G-CAPode capacitance. The printed G-CAPode was tested as switchable device analogous to an I-MOS varactor for the adjustable filtering of AC signals in a high-pass filter and band-pass filter application. This investigation opens the possibility to couple capacitive (energy storage), diodic (current rectification) and transistor (voltage-controlled switching) characteristics in one device and also addresses its process integration via 3D printing.
Molecular dynamics of core-shell micelles interaction with anticancer drugs and corona proteins.
Authors: Vaskan Ivan , Dimitreva Veronika , Oleinikov Vladimir , Zalygin Anton
Published: December 2024

Advances in nanotechnology have given rise to various biocompatible nanomaterials, that have gained much attention in biomedical research as delivery vehicles for diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Although nanoparticles(NPs) offer many advantages, the low in vivo efficiency of existing nanocarriers is the main obstacle to their clinical translation. After exposure to the biological environment, NPs immediately interact with proteins that form protein adsorption layer called protein corona, which alters the physicochemical properties of NPs surface and further affects their biological fate. Understanding of molecular mechanisms of protein adsorption on various biological surfaces is a necessary step to improve the effectiveness of nanomedicines in vivo. In this study, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of human serum albumin and complement C3b proteins interaction with biotin-functionalized core-shell micelles. To find out whether loading of drugs into nanoparticles affects NP surface and NP-protein interactions, we simulated nanoparticle loading with common anticancer drugs doxorubicin and paclitaxel. It was found, that initial attachment of albumin to NP surface can be triggered by both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, C3b anchoring relies only electrostatic interactions primarily between charged residues. NPs drug loading results in uneven distribution of drug molecules over NP surface caused by drug aggregation. However, drug clusters on NP surface did not lead to accelerated protein adsorption compared to bare NPs. These results contribute to understanding of molecular interactions on nano-bio interface towards rational design of drug delivery systems.
Surface Engineering for Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells: Fullerene-Mediated Trap State Formation on CsPbI3 (001) Surface
Authors: George Gibu , Sharapa Dmitry , Stasyuk Anton , Poater Albert , Solà Miquel , Posada-Pérez Sergio
Published: December 2024

Photovoltaic technology, particularly perovskite solar cell (PSC) materials, has emerged as a promising avenue due to their excellent light-absorbing properties. Despite significant progress in PSC technology, defects within the perovskite material continue to pose challenges, leading to reduced efficiency and stability of the devices. CsPbI3 perovskites have shown potential, but trap states induced by surface defects remain a challenge. The use of fullerene-derivatives, like C60 and PC61BM, has been highlighted to enhance the device stability eliminating/reducing hysteresis and passivating trap states. However, the mechanisms behind fullerene-induced passivation of trap states and their impact on surface energetics remain unclear. This study employs periodic density functional theory (DFT) simulations to explore the interaction between C60, PC61BM, and CsPbI3 (001) surface, with and without defects (cesium vacancy, lead vacancy, and I-antisite). The DFT simulations reveal that both C60 and PC61BM effectively passivate trap states induced by I-antisite defects by reorienting and reorganizing the iodine atoms that promote the presence of trap states. This work contributes to understanding the fundamental aspects of surface-defect interactions in CsPbI3 perovskites. Both C60 and PC61BM play a crucial role in passivating trap states, causing atomic reorganization and avoiding the nonradiative recombination. The findings provide valuable insights into mechanisms for trap state passivation by fullerene derivatives, paving the way for further research to enhance PSC performance.
Molecular analysis of acute pyelonephritis—excessive innate and attenuated adaptive immunity
Authors: Ambite Ines , Chao Sing Ming , Rosenblad Therese , Hopkins Richard , Storm Petter , Ng Yong Hong , Ganesan Indra , Lindén Magnus , Haq Farhan , Tran Thi Hien , Ahmadi Shahram , Lee Bernett , Chen Swaine L , Godaly Gabriela , Brandström Per , Connolly John E , Svanborg Catharina
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the molecular basis of disease severity in acute pyelonephritis (APN), a common and potentially life-threatening bacterial infection. Two cohorts of infants with febrile urinary tract infection were included. Renal involvement was defined by DMSA scans and molecular disease determinants by gene expression analysis and proteomic screens, at diagnosis and after 6 mo. Innate immune hyper-activation, systemically and locally in the urinary tract, was defined as a cytokine storm. Neutrophil degranulation and renal toxicity genes were strongly regulated, with overexpression in the APN group (first DMSA+). Adaptive immune attenuation in the APN group further supported the notion of an immune imbalance. DNA exome genotyping identified APN and febrile urinary tract infection as genetically distinct and scarring associated genes, but the activation of renal toxicity genes during acute infection was unrelated to the development of renal scarring. The results define APN as a hyper-inflammatory disorder with the characteristics of a cytokine storm combined with adaptive immune attenuation. The findings are consistent with innate immune dysfunctions and neutrophil disorders identified as determinants of APN susceptibility in genetic models.
Paleoglyptics of the Coastal Territories of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean: History of Study and Criteria for Identification
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Pankina A. I. ,   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Peoples of the Far-East FEB RAS
Published: December 2024

One of the most controversial categories of prehistoric art is paleoglyptics, a sculpture made using the technique of stone knapping. Attention to this type of artifacts appeared at the stage of the formation of Stone Age archaeology as a scientific field in the early 19th century, when Jacques Boucher de Perthes described in detail “artistic flints” with anthropomorphic and zoomorphic features in two volumes of “Celtic and Antediluvian Antiquities”. By now, several mutually exclusive opinions on paleoglyptics have emerged in Russian archaeological science: from research works, a significant part of the empirical base of which is made up of “figured flints”, to a complete denial of paleoglyptics as a type of prehistoric art. In this regard, there is a need to consider existing approaches to the analysis of "flint sculptures" and develop an up-to-date list of criteria for their interpretation. We would like to discuss these criteria based on the materials of the coastal territories of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. This vast region is known for its representative collection of paleoglyptics, discovered both as a result of surface collections and during excavations at stratified sites from the Final Paleolithic to the Paleometal period in the territory from the north-eastern borders of the mainland (Kamchatka and Chukotka) to the south of the Russian Far East (Amur Region, Primorye and Sakhalin). Currently, this collection contains 200 items. Among the subjects are anthropomorphic images, images of animals, including bears, representatives of the canine (wolves/foxes/arctic foxes) and feline (tiger) families, ungulates (moose), fish, marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds), birds, there are also images of inanimate objects and celestial bodies (moonlighters, stars, etc.). To solve theoretical problems, the following criteria for the analysis of “flint sculptures” were developed: 1. morphological atypicity of the artifact; 2. artistic techniques (retouching, drilling, etc.); 3. the planographic context of the artifact; 4. the ambiguity of the functional purpose and the absence of traces of refinement characteristic of a certain utilitarian use; 5. the characteristics of raw materials; 6. the coincidence of proportions with the prototype (including biological classification); 7. the wide cultural and geographical context of the artifacts.
Tiläw: An Etymology of the Ethnonym and Its False Parallels
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Nanzatov B. Z. , Tishin V. V. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS
Published: December 2024

In the article it is analyzed an origin of the ethnonym Tiläw, found in sources not later than 16th century and ерут attested in different corresponding phonetic variants among the tribal and clan nomenclature of Bashkir, Kazakh, Karakalpak, Uzbek peoples and in secondary forms among the Kyrgyz and Nogay peoples. It is paid the especial attention in the paper to the problem of the relationship of the ethnonym examined to a group of other Turkic and Mongolic historical ethnonyms that are formally similar because of their sound appearance. This proved necessary because there is a large pool of papers promoting dubious constructions based on false identifications. Such cases include longstanding attempts by scholars, on the one hand, to compare the name t 2 ϋl 2 Is2 , t 2 ϋl 2 s2 of Old Turkic runic written monuments and Tiě-lè 鐡勒 or Tè-lè 特勒 in Chinese transcription, as well as discussions of the possibility of correlating the Mongoliс Tӧɡeles ~ Tӧ’eles, the Altai Turkic (Oirot) Tӧ̄lӧs, the Kyrgyz Dӧ̄lӧs with the first of the mentioned above, and the ethnonym Täläŋüt or Täläŋät among the Altai Turks (Oirot) with the second of them. The article briefly discusses these and some other similar cases. The authors of the article show that the ethnonym examined, Tiläw, in particular, has no relation to the name Täläŋüt or Täläŋät (also known in the variants Telengit and Teleut in Russian spelling). First of all, such equation, despite the external consonance of the words, does not allow one to accept the difference in the reconstructed vowels of the first syllables in each of the cases. It is also argued that the ethnonym analyzed arose among the Turkic-speaking communities of the Kipchak dialectal circle presumably before the 15th century A.D. Discussing possible versions of the nature of its origin it is difficult, based on semantics, to substantiate any other version than accepting the idea that this name comes from a personal name of a leader or any influential person.
The problem of translational-rotational motion of a non-stationary axisymmetric small body in the gravitational field of two spherical bodies with variable mass
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Assan Balnur , Minglibayev Mukhtar
Published: December 2024

In the new formulation, the translational-rotational motion of a non-stationary axisymmetric body under the gravitational influence of two spherical bodies with time-varying masses is considered. The non-stationarity of the axisymmetric body is characterized by changes in its mass, dimensions, and compression along its axis of symmetry. Additionally, the axisymmetric body is assumed to possess an equatorial plane of symmetry. This case is examined within a specialized version of the non-stationary restricted three-body problem. The problem becomes significantly more complex due to the time-dependent changes in the masses and dimensions of the bodies, which may also generate reactive forces. Equations of motion for the problem under consideration have been derived in both absolute and relative coordinate systems. For the first time, the equations of motion for the barycenter of two spherical bodies with variable masses, accounting for reactive forces, have been obtained. Based on these equations, the equations of motion for the problem in the barycentric coordinate system have also been derived.
Study of phase formation mechanisms in composite xSi3N4 – (1-x)ZrO2 ceramics and their role in hardening of ceramics
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kenzhina Inesh
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of studies of the phase transformation dynamics in composite xSi3N4 – (1-x)ZrO2 ceramics obtained using the mechanical activation method during thermal annealing of the obtained mixtures of components with different component ratios, leading to the initialization of phase formation processes. Using the X-ray phase analysis method, the dynamics of phase transformations in xSi3N4 – (1-x)ZrO2 ceramics, the general form of which can be written as ZrO2/ZrSiO4 → ZrSiO4/finely dispersed fraction of SiO2, was established. It was found that addition of Si3N4 to ZrO2 ceramics allows for the initiation of polymorphic transformations of the m-ZrO2 → t-ZrSiO4 type, the formation of which in combination with the finely dispersed fraction of SiO2 leads to hardening of the ceramics and an enhabcement in their resistance to external influences. During the experimental work carried out, aimed at study of the influence of the phase polymorphic transformation processes in composite ceramics, caused by a change in the ratio of components, on resistance to mechanical loads, it was established that the formation of a finely dispersed fraction of SiO2 in the structure of ceramics increases resistance to cracking by more than 1.5 times compared to single-component ceramics, the stability of which decreases in the case of the compression rate growth.
Visualizing the Impact of Machine Learning on Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Comprehensive Analysis of Research Trends
Authors: Joseph Jeena , Kartheeban K
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to have a negative impact on global health, which highlights the need for accurate and efficient prediction methods. Machine learning (ML) techniques as tools for forecasting CVD has recently showed potential. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of research trends in the field, focusing on visualizing the impact of ML in cardiovascular disease prediction. We used data visualization techniques to identify patterns and trends in an extensive database of scholarly publications on this subject that were published in Scopus between 1991 and 2023. The analysis reveals a substantial growth in research output, demonstrating the growing demand for ML-based CVD prediction. It reveals essential stakeholders and potential collaborators while highlighting the institutions and authors who have contributed most to this domain. The study also identifies high-impact journals that have published significant research in this domain, facilitating researchers in selecting appropriate outlets for dissemination. The study helps researchers identify the most critical areas for further research and fosters cooperation among subject-matter experts by offering insightful information about machine learning-based cardiovascular disease prediction development. The data is analyzed using the tools VOSviewer and Biblioshiny.
Visualization Metaphors in the Tasks of Exploratory Analysis of Heterogeneous Data
Authors: Isaev R.A. , Podvesovskii A.G. , Zakharova A.A.
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is the construction and application of visual models using the concept of visualization metaphors in the context of exploratory analysis of heterogeneous data. This study considers improved variants of the previously proposed visualization metaphors that can be used as a basis for building visual models. A technology for exploratory analysis of heterogeneous data based on the joint use of different visualization metaphors is proposed. The process of visual data exploration at the stage of exploratory analysis using the proposed technology is demonstrated to be iterative and multiscenary, contingent upon the analysis goals. The software tool developed to implement the proposed technology is described, along with its additional functionality to calculate and export quantitative characteristics of the visual model. The software tool is then considered in the context of exploratory analysis of a synthetic data set. The future direction of the proposed approach to the construction of visual models, the technology of exploratory data analysis and the software tool for its support are determined.
Automation of Visual Inspection of Photomasks for Microelectronic Products
Authors: Khodataeva T.S.
Published: December 2024

The choice of a specific research topic was caused by a request for the development and implementation of automatic optical inspection at a semiconductor plant. The purpose of the work was to develop requirements, conduct technical design and create an optical control system for geometry deviations from a photomask drawing and a conductive pattern obtained using a manual stencil printer using relatively inexpensive equipment. As a result of the research, a pilot design sample of an automated optical control system using relatively inexpensive equipment was created and a computational algorithm was developed that ensures increased performance of the visual image recognition system, which allows to significantly reduce the percentage of defects. The work describes the implemented algorithm for obtaining images by an optical system and extracting images from a drawing file. Regardless of the method of obtaining an image (optical system, scanning electron microscope), there remains interest in choosing a criterion for comparing the obtained image with the reference one. The paper studies quantitative empirical metrics - Mean Square Error and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio for various noise reduction methods Block-Matching and 3D filtering and the classical spatial filtering method of Gaussian blur. The sensitivity of the structural similarity index metric to structural distortions of images after noise reduction is checked, taking into account the minimum values of the structural elements of metal-ceramic housings. Based on the Rosner test applied to the obtained values of the structural similarity metric, images containing defects are identified. The user interface provides for the output of the image area with a defect to the operator's screen.
Research into the Application of Additive Technologies in the Development of Tools for Microdeformation of Sheet Blanks Made from Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys
Authors: Petrov M.A. , Tran D.H.
Published: December 2024

The paper shows the results of manufacturing of stamping tools for microforming operations. The tools and their main parts were obtained by different additive manufacturing technologies, from different materials (polymers and metals). A non-contact 3D scanning system was used to obtain metrological information on the accuracy of individual parts and assembly/subassembly. It was found that in order to match the dimensions of prototypes with the drawing dimensions and fall within the tolerance field, it is necessary to design the initial 3D model taking into account the peculiarities of 3D printing technology, mechanical processing, as well as the performance characteristics of the tool, which can be obtained from the results of wear tests.
Deep Learning for Effective Visualization and Classification of Recyclable Material Labels
Authors: Kuzevanov V.O. , Tikhomirova D.V.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an example of a system to improve the process of sorting recyclables by using deep learning techniques to automatically detect, classify and visualize recycling codes on product packages. In this paper, the authors discuss various approaches to optical character recognition and object detection in a video stream or image. The authors have developed and proposed a combination of neural networks for detection and classification of recycling codes. The proposed neural network system is designed to facilitate efficient recycling processes by automating the identification of recycling symbols, thereby facilitating the sorting and processing of recyclables.
Latin American Jewish Documentaries by Women: An Emerging Genre
Authors: Glickman Nora
Published: December 2024

In this article, I look at the documentary films of four Latin American Jewish directors whose filmography has rapidly expanded over the past two decades: Guita Schyfter from Mexico, Sandra Kogut from Brazil, Jeanine Meerapfeel from Argentina and Germany, and Gabriela Bohm from Argentina and the United States. In the course of interviews conduct­ed in their films, the directors-descendants of Holocaust survivors-juxtapose the testi­monies of people who emigrated from Europe to Latin America with stories of their own journeys from America to Europe. It explores how they react to their interviewees and how they integrate music and metaphors into their films. By observing their reactions to the interviewees and exploring how the directors integrate music, metaphors, and helpful tools into their films, this article throws light on the ways they develop a deeper awareness of their own conflicted identities.
Jewish Women in Argentine Cinema: The Transgressive Bride in Damián Szifrón’s Relatos salvajes (2014)
Authors: Vohnsen Mirna
Published: December 2024

This article examines the final short of Damián Szifrón’s Relatos salvajes, “Hasta que la muerte nos separe,” against the context of Jewish women’s characterization in Argentine cinema since the 1930s, showing that the portrayal of Jewish women both reflects and re­sponds to key societal, cultural, and historical developments in Argentina. “Hasta que la muerte nos separe” showcases a Jewish wedding celebration where the bride transgresses the traditional gender role of the Jewish wife as submissive and passive, introducing one of the most defiant Jewish women in Argentine film. Informed by feminist film theory, this study contends that the representation of the Jewish bride as rebellious contests “natural” gender notions, thus projecting a more complex recreation of gender roles, one that is better attuned to contemporary society.
Research on the Integration Path of Enterprise Management Accounting and Financial Accounting: Taking Construction Enterprises as an Example
Authors: Yang Yanxue
Published: December 2024

The rapid pace of economic globalization has presented both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the construction industry. Management accounting and financial accounting, as integral components of enterprise management, play indispensable roles in the development of construction companies. While both disciplines possess distinct characteristics, the evolving business landscape necessitates a more integrated approach. By combining the strengths and values of both, construction companies can gain valuable insights and make informed decisions. This paper delves into the concepts of management accounting and financial accounting, explores the feasibility of their integration within construction companies, and provides recommendations for implementation to foster sustainable development. The insights and strategies presented in this paper can serve as a valuable reference for other construction companies seeking to optimize their management and operations.
Features of the Sociological Consideration of Aging and Old Age (Research Review)
Authors: Galkin К. A.
Published: December 2024

The new coronavirus infection, the general uncertainty and constant variability of the post-pandemic world have influenced transformations in the understanding of age and aging and the emergence of new perspectives in aging research and understanding of this process in the social sciences. An important issue that arose before the scientific community was the question of defining age boundaries, as well as understanding the activities of older people in the post-pandemic reality and the prospects for considering such activities. This issue is typical for both domestic and foreign studies of aging and age. As part of this review, we review the latest publications on the sociology of aging, social policy, the health of older people and the maintenance of necessary activities by older people. A total of 1,000 publications in 2022 and 2023 devoted to the peculiarities of the life of older people after the pandemic were analyzed. The key conclusions of this study show that important factors for better integration of older people into social life and overcoming the problems caused by the pandemic are: activation of social life; development of integration of older people into social life; transition to understanding the employment of older people as a multi-vector direction, which may include hobbies and its monetization, non-permanent employment or employment for pleasure and communication. The study also noted that the methodological vector of publications on aging during the pandemic will be shifted towards interdisciplinary work and collaboration of various disciplines in the framework of aging research. Also, the study notes the importance of studying the individual aspects of older people’s understanding of their age.
Intercultural Cooperation between Russia and China in the Context of Global Transformations
Authors: Bredikhin A. V. , Zotova A. D.
Published: December 2024

In the modern world, there are processes of globalization that mediate the process of international communication. In the process of international communication, due to objective and subjective reasons, various contacts arise. The closest international cooperation develops into cooperation aimed at setting common goals and solving problems. Today, Russia–China relations are relations between two powers with the highest degree of mutual trust, the highest level of cooperation, and the highest strategic integrity. The relations between the two countries can be called a model of goodneighborly friendship, mutually beneficial cooperation and moral responsibility. Comprehensive cooperation and strategic partnership between the two countries is based on strong political mutual trust and support. Within the framework of the study, the authors analyze the existing points of intercultural cooperation and offer a qualitatively new look at their further development.
Development of e-Government Services in Russian Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ilin A. P. , Ilina Yu. I.
Published: December 2024

Since the 1950s, information technology (IT) has been actively introduced into all spheres of human activity, including public administration in both developed and developing countries. With the help of IT, e-government services are being created, which provides a significant reduction in decision-making, as well as transparency of collected  statistics. This article aims to familiarize the reader with the approaches and strategies of the Russian Federation (RF), the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to «digitization» of public administration, to give an objective assessment of the results of work on the implementation of e-government doctrines and to give a brief description of most popular e-services among citizens (subjects) or foreigners residing in the territory of those countries. The methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy and deduction were used in the research. The need of e-government as an important condition for economic development and ensuring external and internal sovereignty is equally recognized by the leadership of the RF, IRI and the KSA. However, the conditions of implementation of e-government doctrines differ due to geographical, demographic and political factors. Meanwhile the strategies of building of such systems in the countries under consideration tend to converge. Regardless of serious work that has been done in all three countries in this domain reputable international statistical studies do not always consider the real achievements of those countries. The authors have identified indirect signs of statistical distortion highly likely used to discriminate and “cancel” achievements of some countries. According to the authors point of view it seems to be necessary to create an independent body for collecting statistics and building a common strategy for the development and implementation of e-government within the framework of the BRICS.
Technocratic Elements of Reformatting the Ideological Field
Authors: Pyatibratov I. S.
Published: December 2024

This article explores the specifics of technocracy as a form of government and an ideology. Given the significance of the topic of the intersection between technological advancements and the political process, it is evident that it is essential to examine and analyze the characteristics and potential of technocracy as a political system that lies at the intersection of scientific and technological development and governance. Technocracy is examined from three perspectives: its classical understanding, its modern interpretation, and as an independent ideological movement known as Technocratism. The author concludes that the communicative aspects of technocracy align with the interests of a modern, sovereign state. However, at the same time, the concept of technocracy is burdened by a significant number of ideological discrepancies that prevent its implementation without infringing on the rights and liberties of the populace.
The Impact of Digitalization on the Transformation of Communication Processes
Authors: Krayneva R. K. , Gulakov A. D.
Published: December 2024

Digitalization has impact on all processes of public and social life, including communication, where key changes are associated with the inclusion of new subjects. This article studies the hidden impact of digitalization on a person based on the analysis of foreign and Russian scientific works on the problem under consideration. Studying the global digital experience of more developed countries made it possible to notice a number of characteristic threats that Russian citizens are currently beginning to observe. Based on the results of the analysis, a number of recommendations were made both for personal use and for implementation at the state level, aimed at reducing the risk of threats of mass and large-scale digitalization.
Old Slavic Pagan Religion: Problems of Systematization of the Primary Sources
Authors: Alekseev S. V.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the state of primary sources on the early medieval Slavic paganism and the prospects for its reconstruction. The cultural and social reasons for the skeptical attitude in the research community towards such reconstructions are identified. The weaknesses of the reconstructions themselves are also noted, primarily the problematic nature of the very perception of “Old Slavic paganism” as an integral system widespread throughout the Slavic world. It’s pointed out that there is need to systematize the available primary source material, primarily in the form of creating a scientific annotated corpus of all available medieval sources. As an example, the latest experience of a such publication undertaken by Spanish researchers is considered and its shortcomings are pointed out. It’s emphasized that there is the need to work on similar publications in the Slavic countries themselves. The fragmentation of primary sources about the Slavic pre-Christian religion is illustrated by a detailed review of source data from the 5th-8th centuries, the only period when we can talk about a “common Slavic” culture. The sources of this period create an idea of a rather complex system of religious ideas, which, however, is doomed to remain mostly unknown to science.
Models for Explaining Consciousness in the Context of the Problem of Determining the Strong Form of AI
Authors: Belov V. N. , Malofeikin S. A.
Published: December 2024

The article attempts to complement the modern problems of highlighting the criteria of strong AI through discussions in the field of philosophy of consciousness. The popular ideas of D. Dennett (“multiple sketches”), J. Searle (causal emergent description) and D. Chalmers (synthetic approach to understanding consciousness) are compared with the history of the formation of the AI problem. Despite the wide discussion of the problems of consciousness and artificial forms of intelligence (strong and weak), the theories and arguments of philosophers about the psychophysiological problem remain relevant. It is assumed that clarifying the mechanism of analytical work of consciousness, the creative potential of the individual, the ability to cover a variety of phenomena in categorical forms, building axiomatic and synthetic judgments will expand the tools of machine learning. To complement the existing ideas about consciousness in the context of the prevalence of information approaches (D.I. Dubrovsky) and the analytical tradition (V.V. Vasiliev), the key provisions of the psychophysiological problem identified in the history of German and Russian philosophy are given. Given the complexity and versatility of the identified problems (definition of consciousness, psychophysiological problem, definition of AI, demarcation of weak and strong forms of AI, the importance of language for building structures of thinking, analog thinking and its capabilities), the content of the article is limited to analyzing emerging trends in philosophy and identifying prospects for further deepening into the problem.
The ethics of speechwriting in the contemporary practice of the profession
Authors: Świątczak-Wasilewska Iwona
Published: December 2024

The present paper challenges the criticism found in literature on speechwriting that “deception is inherent in the practice of ghostwriting” and therefore, writing speeches for other people is “unethical” by juxtaposing it with findings from the author's research on Speechwriting in British and American Politics and Business: A Study of the Practice, Profession, and Speechwriting Ethics, funded by the National Science Center. For the purpose of this paper, I use the terms speechwriting and ghostwriting interchangeably. Specifically, I discuss two ethical aspects involved in speechwriting: audience deception and writing against a speechwriter’s conviction. Critics have also argued that ghostwritten speeches fail to genuinely reflect the speaker's “honest, independent ability and achievement.” My research indicates, however, that although deception is always a possibility in communication, speechwriters are dedicated to ensuring the speaker’s authenticity, and the concept of ethopoeia is pivotal to comprehending the role of a speechwriter.
INFLUENCE OF PLANTING SITE IN MICROELEVATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF PINE AND SPRUCE CROPS IN THE TAIGA ZONE
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Ilintsev A.S.
Published: December 2024

Increasing the efficiency of the creation of forest crops is an important aspect of artificial reforestation. Appropriate tillage and planting site selection can improve crop quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the planting site in the mounds created by the excavator on the biometric indicators of pine and spruce seedlings to develop regulations for the selection of the location of seedlings in planting sites when creating forest crops in the taiga zone. In the course of the survey, 32 forest cultivation areas of different ages (1-10 years) in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic were inventoried. Forest crops were created by seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. x P. obovata (Ledeb.)) with closed and open root systems. Soil cultivation was carried out by creating micro-elevations with the help of excavators. A detailed assessment of the growth of pine and spruce (about 2 thousand pieces) planted in different places within the micro-elevation was carried out on the forest cultivation areas, with the measurement of height, trunk diameter at soil surface level and height growth over the past 1-3 years. The results of the study show that in the first years after planting, the growth of pine and spruce does not depend on the location of the planting place in the microelevation: “at the pit” (increased part of the microelevation), “center”, “from the pit” (reduced part of the microelevation). Differences in height begin to affect by the age of 6-7 years. The best indicators of height, diameter at the root neck and average height gain for 1-3 years are observed in seedlings planted in the center of the microelevation, and the lowest – in the edge, at the pit formed when the soil is captured by a bucket.
THE METHOD AND ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE SYSTEM OF GAS-RADIANT HEATING OF A CULTIVATION FACILITY WITH PREHEATING OF THE SUPPLY AIR
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Pavlov M.V.
Published: December 2024

The development of new technologies for maintaining the required microclimate in cultivation facilities presupposes the availability of an appropriate mathematical basis for determining the estimated thermal capacity of heating equipment and the parameters of the heating system, depending on environmental factors. The purpose of the research is to develop a software method for calculating the system of gas-radiant heating of a cultivation facility with preheating of the supply air. The calculation method is based on a system of interrelated equations of the thermal balance of the room, its enclosure and the soil surface. The solution, among other things, includes the utilization of heat from the combustion products of gaseous fuels, as well as radiant heat exchange with multiple reflection and self-radiation occurring between the surfaces of the soil and the fence. The software calculation method also takes into account the effect of moisture evaporation from the soil surface on the heat exchange processes occurring in the cultivation facility. Based on the developed software calculation method, the parameters of the operation of the gas-flue heating system of a cultivation facility are determined using the example of the industrial greenhouse “ Farmer 7.5” (Russian Federation). Under the given initial conditions, the following main calculation results were obtained: the required thermal power of the gas infrared radiator is 68.7 kW; the thermal energy consumption required to heat the supply air before it is supplied to the room is 35.5 kW; the temperature of the preheated supply air is –11.6°C; the temperature of the inner surface of the fence is 18.6°C.The main assumptions adopted in the development of the calculation method are indicated. The prospects for further scientific research have been identified.
Disparities in Regional Development in West Nusa Tenggara: An Economic Analysis of Districts and Cities 2018–2022
Authors: Fitri Arina Nur , Rindiani Sherly Senja
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the economic structure and regional development disparities across districts and cities in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) from 2018 to 2022. The research employs the Williamson Index, Klassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ), and Shift-Share analysis methods to evaluate economic imbalances. The findings reveal that regional economic disparities in NTB are significantly high, as indicated by the Williamson Index nearing 1. Additionally, the Klassen Typology results demonstrate notable inequality in economic growth. Sectoral analysis using the LQ and Shift-Share methods highlights differences in regional economic performance, influenced by the characteristics of each analytical tool. The study suggests that the NTB government should formulate targeted strategies to maximize the potential of key economic sectors in order to achieve higher economic growth and balanced regional development.
Heat and mass transfer in anisotropic heat-protective composite materials under aerodynamic heating
Authors: Kuznetsova E. L. , Orekhov A. A. , Formalev V. F.
Published: December 2024

This article presents a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer in anisotropic heat-protective composite materials (HPCM) during phase transformations of HPCM binders with the formation of a porous coke residue and pyrolysis gases filtering through the residue to the outer boundary. Using known binder decomposition and nonlinear filtration laws for random HPCMs, the model determines the velocity and coordinates of the two-dimensional HPCM binder decomposition zone, as well as the two-dimensional regions of the porous-gas residue and the initial phase, which are unsteadily separated by a moving zone of binder decomposition. In the newly formed porous-gas region, a two-dimensional unsteady problem of anisotropic heat conduction was solved taking into account nonlinear anisotropic gas filtering. In the initial region unaffected by the binder decomposition, a two-dimensional unsteady problem of anisotropic heat conduction was solved. The mass and linear velocities of the binder decomposition (pyrolysis) zone were calculated from Stefan conditions for heat flow and temperature continuity. The complex model was solved by the previously developed effective and absolutely stable method of alternating directions with extrapolation. New results wereobtained and discussed.
Automatic grading of answers in knowledge control for “Definition” and “Description” question types
Authors: Prokopyev N. A.
Published: December 2024

The progress in developing an effective automatic knowledge control system is directly associated with creating and implementing a software module for grading answers to test questions formulated in natural language. Previously, an experimental prototype of such a system was designed, and a study was performed where short answers to basic question types provided by students were examined via a pragmatically oriented question-answer text processing algorithm, considering its outputs and exposing flaws. This article introduces the next iteration of the algorithm tailored to handle more complex question types that requires the identification of relations such as “Definition” and “Description.” The key features of the enhanced algorithm were outlined, with a particular focus on the problem of segmenting answers into meaningful chunks, a task for which processing methods have already been found. The results of an experiment based on the developed prototype with obtaining answers from students and a thorough analysis of the instances of the system’s incorrect behavior were discussed.
Penguatan Literasi Perbankan Syariah dengan Program Experiential Learning
Authors: Bari Abdul
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness, understanding and practical experience of the literacy skills of IAI Al-Khairat Pamekasan Sharia Banking students through the Experiential Learning program. This type of research is quantitative research with the sample size being the entire population, namely 45 people. The instruments used in this research were questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique used was IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, it shows that the Experiential Learning program has a positive influence on student literacy as shown by the t test results of 0.000 which is smaller than ? = 0.05. Experiential Learning has an effect of 76.5% as shown by the results of the Determination Test. Experiential Learning provides a learning approach that emphasizes direct experience as a means of gaining understanding and skills.