bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Noninvasive Blood Glucose Device on Glycemic Control and Daily Routine Measurement Aspects—Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: PFÜTZNER ANDREAS , LIER ALEXANDER , RAMLJAK SANJA , DEMIRCIK FILIZ
Published: June 2018

Regular blood glucose self-testing is considered to be the most painful procedure during daily treatment routine for patients with diabetes mellitus. This pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of TensorTip CoG, a non-invasive glucose monitoring device (NI-CoG, CNOGA Medical, Israel) on glycemic control and daily measurement aspects in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

The study was performed with 6 type 1 patients (T1D: 3 male/3 female, age: 43±16 years, HbA1c: 8.0±0.5%), and 15 type 2 patients (T2D: 8 male/7 female, 62±6 years, 7.2±1.3%). The participants used the NI-CoG device at home after an initial standardized meal experiment to evaluate device performance in comparison to a standard reference method (YSI Stat2300 plus). In addition, HbA1c was assessed and a treatment satisfaction questionnaire was completed after a period of three months of home use.

During the meal experiment, NI-CoG showed good accuracy (mean bias: 15.3%; consensus error grid: 100% in zones A and B). A trend for HbA1c improvement was seen in both groups over 3 months (T1D: -0.22%, T2D: -0.1%, n.s.). Patients reported to measure more frequently, and to feel more comfortable with the non-invasive measurement procedure. Use of the device in the study initiated the general desire to switch to the new device also for daily routine use.

The non-invasive TensorTip device was shown to increase the frequency of glucose testing and to have a positive impact on patients' perception of the measurement procedure. There was also an initial trend for improvements of glycemic control within the first three months of use in this pilot study.

Disclosure

A. Pfützner: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Lifecare. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Berlin-Chemie AG. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. A. Lier: None. S. Ramljak: None. F. Demircik: None.
The MiniMed™ 670G Hybrid Closed-Loop (HCL) System and Patient-Reported Outcomes Concerning Quality of Life Measures
Authors: GOPALAKRISHNAN SHWETA , FOGEL CATHERINE , MUECKLER JOHN
Published: June 2018

Patient-reported outcomes are important in assessing the impact of new diabetes therapies on patient perceptions of quality of life (QoL). The QoL of patients using the Medtronic MiniMed™ 670G HCL system with SmartGuard™ technology, released for commercial use in March 2017, was examined. MiniMed™ 670G HCL system users (n=198) completed the validated Diabetes-39 (D-39) questionnaire prior to starting HCL system therapy and at 3-4 months post start. QoL was evaluated on a 7-point scale (1=Not Affected at All to 7=Extremely Affected) across 5 categories: energy and mobility, diabetes control, anxiety and worry, social burden, and sexual functioning. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean score for each attribute, and a two-tailed t-test determined statistical significance from baseline to 3-4 months after MiniMed™ 670G system use. All patients had responses indicating a positive experience after use of the system in Auto Mode. For all 5 categories, 160/198 patients (81%) experienced an outcome in the positive direction. The Table shows the top 10 criteria in which statistically significant improvement was observed. In addition to the previously reported improvements in glycemic control,1 these findings suggest that the MiniMed™ 670G system improves multiple domains in self-reported QoL measures, and particularly those concerning adherence to diabetes management.

Disclosure

S. Gopalakrishnan: Employee; Self; Medtronic. C. Fogel: Employee; Self; Medtronic. J. Mueckler: Employee; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc..
Open Artificial Pancreas System Reduced Hypoglycemia and Improved Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: CHOI SOO BONG , HONG EUN SHIL , NOH YUN HEE
Published: June 2018

Background and Aims: Artificial pancreas combines continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with insulin pump by using a control algorithm to direct insulin delivery. Although several control algorithms have been developed, the control algorithms are beyond reach of most of diabetic patients in need. The Open Artificial Pancreas System project (openAPS) is an open control algorithm for artificial pancreas, which is available worldwide in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we present several interesting clinical experiences using openAPS.

Materials and Methods: Twenty T1D patients using openAPS, CGM (Dexcom G4®), and insulin pump (Sooil, Dana R®) were studied. Normal glycemic range was set as 80∼180 mg/dl.

Results: Mean age was 11.9 ± 6.9 years and 10 patients were male. Median openAPS duration was 180 (30-240) days. By the use of openAPS, CGM analysis showed significant decrease in A1C (6.8 ± 1.0% to 6.3 ± 0.7%, p<0.001), increase in percent time in normal glycemic range (70.1 ± 16.4% to 83.3 ± 10.1%, p<0.001), decrease in percent time in high glycemic range (24.7 ± 16.5% to 13.3 ± 9.4%, p<0.001), and decrease in percent time in low glycemic range (5.1 ± 3.3% to 3.4 ± 2.3%, p= 0.004), respectively. There was no significant side effect due to using openAPS.

Conclusion: Open artificial pancreas system reduced hypoglycemia and improved glycemic control in patients with T1D.

Disclosure

S. Choi: Stock/Shareholder; Self; SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd.. E. Hong: None. Y. Noh: None.
Basal Rate Delivery of Different Insulin Pumps—An Accuracy Evaluation
Authors: FRECKMANN GUIDO , KAMECKE ULRIKE , WALDENMAIER DELIA , HAUG CORNELIA , ZIEGLER RALPH
Published: June 2018

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is a common therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes, involving the continuous delivery of fast-acting insulin according to preset basal rates. The standard EN 60601-2-24 describes test settings and procedures for the evaluation of infusion pumps in general; however, no acceptance criteria relating to insulin delivery accuracy are stipulated. Most manufacturers specify a basal rate accuracy of ±5%, at least for larger basal rates.

In this study, the accuracy of different insulin pumps was evaluated in an experimental setting based on EN 60601-2-24. The insulin pumps Accu-Chek® Insight, Accu-Chek® Spirit Combo, Animas® Vibe®, MiniMed® 640G, Paradigm® Veo™ and mylife™ OmniPod® were tested with different infusion sets (IIS). Evaluations were based on the determination of weight increase of a water-filled, oil-covered beaker placed on an electronic balance into which insulin was delivered by the pumps. Pumps were installed outside of the balance with the infusion set or a steel pipe (for the patch pump), respectively, connected to the beaker. After priming, a basal rate of 1.0 U/h was run for 72 h while weight increases were recorded. Each combination of insulin pump and IIS was tested 9 times. The total delivery as well as mean delivery over 1-h windows was calculated.

The total weight increase for all pumps was slightly higher than expected for the programmed basal rate (+0.3% to +2.1%), but within the range specified by the manufacturers. During the first 24h, larger deviations between the measured and expected delivery were recorded. For 8 of 10 systems, more than 95% of 1-h windows were within ±15% of the weight increase expected with the preset basal rate.

Using a basal rate of 1.0 U/h, all tested systems showed minor deviations when analyzing a period of 72 h; however, stability during the run time, i.e., variation from hour to hour, differed considerably between the tested systems. This might be important with regard to the clinical use of insulin pumps.

Disclosure

G. Freckmann: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. Advisory Panel; Self; Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. Research Support; Self; Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Novo Nordisk Inc.. Consultant; Self; Sensile Medical AG. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Ypsomed AG. U. Kamecke: None. D. Waldenmaier: None. C. Haug: None. R. Ziegler: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Other Relationship; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Animas Corporation.
Effect of Medicare (CMS) Insulin Pump Policies in T1D
Authors: ARGENTO NICHOLAS B. , LIU JINGWEN , HICKEY AILEEN , GAUTSCHI ELDA , MCAULIFFE-FOGARTY ALICIA H.
Published: June 2018

CMS has numerous requirements for insulin pump coverage and obtaining disposable supplies. T1D Exchange surveyed 241 adult T1D patients who had been on a pump with CMS coverage for at least 6 mo on their experience. Median age 67, 64% women, 93% white, 16% on disability, median T1D duration 42 y, median pump use 15 y, mean A1c 7.0%, 82% on pump before starting CMS, 95% current pump users. Of those starting a pump while on CMS, 50% reported challenges, most commonly cost of the supplies (29%) or the pump (24%). Issues with obtaining supplies reported in 57.5%, the most common problems being delays releasing supplies (29%), difficulty getting paperwork completed (23.5%), and seeing an HCP face to face every 90 days (18%). When asked if they had changed pump behaviors because of possible or actual supply delays, 39% answered yes. Most common responses: leaving site in place >3 days (64%), explicitly to reduce cost (33%), reused pump supplies (34%), used injections to supplement pump (23%), or temporarily stopped pump (17%). Responses to a question about any adverse effects of these actions are shown in Table.

On their experience with CMS compared to prior insurance, a minority thought it was somewhat (4%) or much (6%) better; 31% about the same; 28% found it somewhat worse, and 31% found it much worse.

Conclusion: current CMS pump policies cause increased adverse pump behaviors and outcomes in T1D, and CMS is perceived negatively compared to prior insurers by 59% of respondents.Adverse outcomes from changes in pump related actions, n=88QuestionfrequencypercentQuestionfrequencypercentNone2122.8Hospitalization66.5Higher blood sugar3740.2More hypoglycemia1516.3Infection at site1314.1Increased anxiety or frustration3942.4Pain or irritation3032.6Required emergency pump supply shipment1718.5More scarring2527.2Needed emergency supplies from local source1314.1More erratic blood sugar4245.7Other11.1Diabetic Ketoacidosis88.7No change needed22.2

Disclosure

N.B. Argento: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Self; Unomedical a/s, T1D Exchange. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Senseonics. Consultant; Self; Intuity Medical. J. Liu: None. A. Hickey: None. E. Gautschi: None. A.H. McAuliffe-Fogarty: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc..
CSII Use in Hospitalized Patients—Adherence to Policy and Safety of Use
Authors: YANG KATHERINE , ATEYA MOHAMMAD B. , GIANCHANDANI ROMA
Published: June 2018

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy is routinely used in diabetes management for patients expecting to use their insulin pumps during hospitalizations. For hospital personnel, this is unfamiliar and complex technology, which necessitates implementing policies and guidelines for standardizing CSII use in the inpatient setting. This study aims to examine adherence to an institutional CSII policy and safety glucometrics for hospitalized patients using CSII. We performed an IRB-exempt retrospective review of CSII user records from January to June 2017. Policy adherence was evaluated for appropriate provider and nurse order set use and documentation in the electronic medical record. 81 patients with 111 admissions on CSII were evaluated. Mean age was 42±16.9 years, 62% were female and 82.7% had type 1 diabetes. Median LOS was 5 days for 788 total patient days, HgbA1c 8.3 ± 1.78, and baseline admission blood glucose (BG) was 175 mg/dL. CSII was continued in 62% of admissions with 12.6% discontinuing use due to medical and surgical contraindications. Overall adherence to the policy was high with documented endocrinology consultations in 100%, provider specified basal rates in 96%, specified bolus doses in 92%, specified correction doses in 83%, specified target BG in 90%, and nurse documented verified doses on the MAR in 93%. Nurse documentation of CSII in the Lines/Drains/Airways flowsheets was 16%. Hypoglycemia (BG<70mg/dL), severe hypoglycemia (BG<40 mg/dL), and uncontrolled hyperglycemia (BG>299mg/dL) were present in 10%, 0.8%, and 10.5% of patient days, respectively. Rates of DKA in CSII users was 0.9%. Policy adherence was effectively achieved for CSII use in hospitals. Rates of hypoglycemia and uncontrolled hyperglycemia were high with very low incidence of severe hypoglycemia or DKA episodes. These results suggest that CSII is possible to safely continue in hospitalized patients, but future studies are necessary to determine how to modify pump rates and optimize glycemic control.

Disclosure

K. Yang: None. M.B. Ateya: Stock/Shareholder; Self; AbbVie Inc.. R. Gianchandani: None.
Functionality Evaluation of Investigational Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) Set vs. Commercially Available Sets—Assessment of 3D Volume and Surface Area over Eight Days
Authors: DIAZ DAVID , DINESEN ALEKSANDR R. , KHALF ABDURIZZAGH , EISLER GABRIELLA J. , LOEUM CHANNY , TORJMAN MARC C. , STRASMA PAUL J. , JOSEPH JEFFREY I.
Published: June 2018

Over 1 million people with diabetes use insulin pumps and insert a new continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) set every 2-3 days for adequate blood glucose control. Insulin absorption from the subcutaneous tissue is slow and varies over time. This can lead to complications such as hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Furthermore, the repeated trauma of insertion contributes to scar tissue formation and may result in infusion site loss. The development of an extended-wear CSII infusion set that can improve the safety and efficacy of CSII therapy would be a major advantage and facilitate proper glycemic control for diabetic patients. A prototype infusion set was developed using a soft polymer material with multiple ports and tested against commercially available single-port infusion sets in ambulatory large swine. Infusion sets were inserted into the subcutaneous tissue every other day for 8 days. A 70µL bolus of insulin and contrast agent was infused through each cannula 5 minutes prior to excision, then specimens were frozen and Micro-CT imaged. The 3D distribution and surface area of contrast agent in contact with adjacent vascular tissue were evaluated. We hypothesized that multiple-ports would increase fluid dispersion, allowing the insulin to reach more functional capillary and lymph vessels. Investigational sets had a statistically significant larger surface area (p=0.005) and volume (p=0.001) of contrast agent spread when compared with commercial infusion sets, potentially supporting our objective of reaching more vessels to achieve consistent insulin absorption over time. Results from this research have guided the design and development of a next-generation infusion set. Clinical translation of this investigational design could result in a reliable insulin delivery system that simplifies diabetes management, improves quality of life, and benefits clinical outcomes.

Disclosure

D. Diaz: None. A.R. Dinesen: None. A. Khalf: None. G.J. Eisler: None. C. Loeum: None. M.C. Torjman: Advisory Panel; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc. P.J. Strasma: Board Member; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc.. Employee; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc. J.I. Joseph: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Capillary Biomedical, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Thermalin Diabetes, LLC.. Research Support; Self; Thermalin Diabetes, LLC.. Advisory Panel; Self; Thermalin Diabetes, LLC.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Thermalin Diabetes, LLC.. Research Support; Self; National Institutes of Health, JDRF. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Capillary Biomedical, Inc..
Effectiveness of V-Go Wearable Insulin Delivery for Basal-Bolus Therapy—A Multicenter, Retrospective Real-World Evaluation in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: HUNDAL RIPU S. , KOWALYK STEPHAN , CASES JANE , AL-KARADSHEH AMER , WAKIM AMANDA P. , DOYLE MELISSA , SINK JOHN H. , SPENCE ADRIENNE , BREWER JAMIE L. , NIKKEL CARLA C.
Published: June 2018

With disease progression, the need to intensify therapy with insulin is often required in patients with T2D to improve glycemic control. Addressing the manner in which insulin is delivered may impact outcomes. The purpose of this study was to broadly evaluate the clinical benefits of switching from insulin delivery via insulin pen/syringe to a wearable insulin delivery device (V-Go) in patients with T2D across multidisciplinary investigators spanning 8 states. A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records evaluated change in A1C, insulin total daily dose (TDD) and weight in 283 patients. Baseline mean ± SD characteristics were A1C 9.2 ± 1.5%, BMI 34.8 kg/m2 ± 6.7, weight 221 ± 45 lbs and TDD 76 ± 47 u/day (range 14 to 300) with basal-bolus (n=192, 68%), basal (n=64, 23%) and premix (n=15, 5%) regimens being predominately prescribed. Concomitant anti-hyperglycemic agents were prescribed in 77% of patients with a mean of 1.7 ± 0.8 agents/patient prescribed. Effect of V-Go was evaluated following a mean duration of 2.9 ± 1.3 and 7.1 ± 3.0 months of use. Significant decreases in A1C and TDD were observed at both time points. Change in weight was significant (+2.3 lbs; P<0.0001) at the first time point, however, was not significant (+2.1 lbs; P=0.106) by the second time point. Switching to insulin delivery with V-Go proved clinically beneficial compared to prior therapy.

Disclosure

R.S. Hundal: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Valeritas, Inc., Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc., Amarin Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc. S. Kowalyk: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Valeritas, Inc.. J. Cases: None. A. Al-Karadsheh: None. A.P. Wakim: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Versartis, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Valeritas, Inc.. M. Doyle: None. J.H. Sink: Other Relationship; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., valeritas. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Consultant; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. A. Spence: None. J.L. Brewer: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Valeritas, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. C.C. Nikkel: Employee; Self; Valeritas, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Valeritas, Inc..
Clinical Outcomes with V-Go in Type 2 Diabetes Based on Duration of Diabetes
Authors: CASES JANE , KOWALYK STEPHAN , HUNDAL RIPU S. , AL-KARADSHEH AMER , WAKIM AMANDA P. , DOYLE MELISSA , SINK JOHN H. , SPENCE ADRIENNE , BREWER JAMIE L. , NIKKEL CARLA C.
Published: June 2018

A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine if duration of diabetes impacted clinical outcomes when switching from insulin pens/syringes to a wearable insulin delivery device (V-Go) in patients inadequately controlled. Patients (N=186) with T2D were stratified based on known duration of diabetes. A1C and insulin total daily dose (TDD) were extracted at baseline and two follow-up visits for each stratum. Paired t-tests were used to compare changes in A1C and TDD and a one-factor repeated measures ANCOVA model was performed to test for differences between groups with duration of diabetes as the factor and the corresponding baseline measurement as the covariate. Seventy-two percent of patients switched to V-Go had been diagnosed with diabetes for ≥ 10 years and 58% were switched to V-Go from conventional basal-bolus therapy. Clinical outcomes on V-Go were evaluated after a mean of 3 and 7 months. Regardless of duration of diabetes strata, significant reductions in A1C from baseline were observed. Further, all strata benefited from reductions in TDD with the exception of the duration stratum with the lowest baseline TDD (15 to 20 years), which maintained similar dosing on V-Go compared to baseline. By 7 months, no between group differences were observed for changes in A1C or TDD when controlling for baseline measurements. Insulin delivery with V-Go proved clinically beneficial regardless of duration of diabetes.

Disclosure

J. Cases: None. S. Kowalyk: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Valeritas, Inc. R.S. Hundal: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Valeritas, Inc., Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc., Amarin Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc.. A. Al-Karadsheh: None. A.P. Wakim: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Versartis, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Valeritas, Inc.. M. Doyle: None. J.H. Sink: Other Relationship; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., valeritas. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Consultant; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. A. Spence: None. J.L. Brewer: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Valeritas, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. C.C. Nikkel: Employee; Self; Valeritas, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Valeritas, Inc..
Efficacy of IDegLira vs. Basal-Bolus Therapy in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes in DUAL VII by Baseline Characteristics
Authors: BILLINGS LIANA K. , KLONOFF DAVID C. , TENTOLOURIS NIKOLAOS , GRØN RANDI , HALLADIN NATALIE , JÓDAR ESTEBAN
Published: June 2018

In 5subjects with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin and basal insulin, the DUAL VII trial (NCT02420262) demonstrated that a once-daily injection of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) was non-inferior to multiple injections of basal-bolus therapy (insulin glargine 100 units/mL + insulin aspart before each main meal) for A1C reduction, and was associated with a significantly lower risk of hypoglycemia. This non-prespecified post-hoc analysis examined whether the efficacy results persisted across sub-groups for six different variables and evaluated whether benefits seen in the trial were applicable across a broad patient population. After 26 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference in A1C reduction between IDegLira compared with basal-bolus in any baseline characteristic group (A1C, BMI, age, diabetes duration, total daily insulin dose and fasting plasma glucose [Table]). Additionally, there was no significant interaction between treatment and baseline sub-group for any of the baseline characteristics (Table).

In conclusion, the A1C lowering was comparable between once-daily IDegLira vs. basal-bolus therapy after 26 weeks of treatment, irrespective of baseline characteristics, which underscores the general application of these findings to a broad patient population.

Disclosure

L.K. Billings: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Dexcom, Inc. D.C. Klonoff: Consultant; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Lifecare, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Voluntis USA, Novo Nordisk Inc., Onduo, Trividia Health, Inc., American Diabetes Association, The Endocrine Society, American Association of Diabetes Educators. N. Tentolouris: Advisory Panel; Self; MSD K.K., AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk A/S, Elpen Pharmaceutical Co. Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Novartis AG. Research Support; Self; MSD K.K., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Pfizer Inc., AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag Pty Limited, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Novartis AG. R. Grøn: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. N. Halladin: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. E. Jódar: Advisory Panel; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S.
Sea Level Rise and Shifting Maritime Limits: Stable Baselines as a Response to Unstable Coastlines
Authors: Busch Signe Veierud
Published: June 2018

It is a long known fact that climate change will result in sea level rise and dramatically changed coastlines for a number of coastal States, and the physical consequences of sea level rise are most likely unavoidable for several coastal States due to their geographical location, size and topography. It is highly debatable whether the Law of the Sea Convention is equipped for dealing with the current challenges of sea level rise and maritime limits, and it may be argued that its rule of ambulatory baselines may contribute to loss of territory, relocation of maritime zones, uncertainty and instability.
This article investigates the current status of the law regulating maritime limits which may be affected by sea level rise, and argues that the best solution is to adapt the law within the current legal framework of the Law of the Sea, by undertaking a liberal interpretation of the already existing provisions of the LOSC, instead of invoking the amendment procedures of the LOSC, a new supplementary agreement or creating new customary law. In particular, the article explores the option of re-interpreting the law of baselines in Article 7, offering an adapting measure that mitigates the climate change effects on sea level rise. It is argued that a liberal interpretation of the LOSC can contribute to increased stability and juridical protection of the maritime entitlements for some of the States suffering the consequences of sea level rise.
Kei Hea Te Reo? Where is the Language?
Authors: Cleave Peter
Published: June 2018

Ko te patai e whaingia nei ko ‘Kei hea te reo?’. E tika ana pea kia pataingia hokitia, ‘He aha te reo?’

The question is ‘Where is the reo?’ It is also appropriate perhaps to ask ‘What is the reo?’

E ai ki te marearea ko te reo Maaori, he momo reo mai i a Raiaatea, mai i Te Moana nui a Kiwa. Kia whakakuitihia teenei, he reo mai i Te Moana nui a Kiwa ki te Raawhiti, he reo wheenaa i teenaa ki a Rarotonga, Hawaii, Rapa Nui me ngaa moutere ki waaenganui.

The proposition usually is that te reo Maori is a Pacific language. The standard approach is to narrow that down to a language of Eastern Polynesia sharing features with the languages of the Cook Islands, Hawaii, Easter Island and points in between.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF BAKED DIET PATES MADE FROM FAR EASTERN FISH
Authors: Kornienko Nadezhda Leonidovna , Guseva Larisa Borisovna
Published: June 2018

Technology of baked diet pates from Far Eastern fishes was developed in the laboratories of the Institute of Food Production of the FSBEI HE "Dalrybvtuz". The purpose of the work was to develop the technology of dietary baked fish pates, providing an expansion of the assortment of finished products and rational use of secondary fish raw material of saffron cod and rudd. The new technology provides substituting vegetable oil by fish broths from secondary raw materials in the recipe for baked general-purpose fish pates made of saffron cod and rudd. Functional and technological properties of broths were studied depending on the duty of water (from 0.5 to 2.0) with a continuous cooking time of 60 minutes. The influence of the duty of water and the duration of broth cooking on their organoleptic properties was studied. It is established that the increase in duty of water from 0.5 to 1.0-1.5 is accompanied by a decrease in the content of dry matter in the broth, curves of kinematic viscosity and surface tension of broths have a similar dynamics, which indicates a direct-proportional relationship between the colloid properties of broths and the content in them of dry substances. It is shown that the duration of cooking has a priority over the duty of water effect on the organoleptic properties of fish broths. As a result of the research, the optimal technological parameters for the production of baked dietary pates were established: duty of water - 0.5 (for saffron cod) and 1.5 (for reddish); the broth cooking time is 60 minutes; temperature during cooking broth 100°C; mass fraction of broth in the formulation of the finished product 35%, vegetable oil 0%. In the course of study of the quality of pastes made using the developed technology it was stated that the calorie content of diet pates is lower than that of general pates by 57.2% for saffron cod and 64.9% for rudd; while maintaining a high level of organoleptic properties and relative biological value of finished products in relation to the basic version - general pates.
DIMENSIONAL AND TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF FISH POPULATION OF THE KONDINSKAYA RIVERBED DEPRESSION
Authors: Chemagin Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2018

On the basis of modern hydroacoustic techniques the article presents features of the dimensional-taxonomic structure and vertical distribution of fish in the water area of one of the largest riverbed depressions in the lower reaches of the Irtysh river - Kondinskaya (Khanty-Mansiysky district, Tyumen region, Russia). There have been analyzed the conditioned water column horizons: from the surface to the bottom < 10 m, 10-20 m, 20-30 m, > 30 m. Maximum depth of the riverbed in the studied period exceeded 43 m. Research work was done by software-hardware sonar system AsCor. To perform hydroacoustic survey from the small boat in the investigated water area there were made displacements on a grid of transects (in zigzags). Recorded information of the hydroacoustic survey was processed in the laboratory using special software programs AsCor and Taxonomy which enable remote dimensional-taxonomic identification of fish with calculation of their density and number. It has been established that in each subsequent depth horizon the proportion of planktivorous fish (Cyprinidae) decreased in direction from the surface to the bottom; the proportion of predatory fishes (Percidae, Coregonidae, Esocidae), and a group of unidentified fishes (Acipenseridae, Lotidae), on the contrary, increased. The features of vertical distribution and taxonomic structure in the water column of the riverbed depression is an element of the survival strategy, primarily for juveniles of planktivorous species. More than 90% of fish from the total recorded population are concentrated at depths up to 20 m. In the research period among the fish population of the riverbed depression cyprinids dominated, in the size groups there prevailed individuals with body lengths up to 15 cm.
EVALUATION OF THE NUMBER OF EARLY YOUNG FISH ON COASTAL SPAWNING GROUNDS OF THE MESHINSKY GULF OF THE KUYBYSHEVSKY WATER RESERVOIR
Authors: Severov Yuri Aleksandrovich , Shakirova Firdauz Mubarakovna , Kuznetsov Vladimir Vyacheslavovich , Kuznetsov Vyacheslav Alekseevich
Published: June 2018

The results of six-year observations (2012-2017) in the Meshinsky Gulf of the Kuibyshev reservoir concerning the evaluation of the reproduction efficiency of the main commercial fish of this section of the reservoir have been reviewed and analyzed. Data are given on the species composition of prolarvae and larvae of fish in the coastal part of the reservoir. It has been established that the most abundant in the studied years was the fry of roach, bream and silver bream; the larvae of carp and ruff were least common in catches. A method for estimating yields by catches of fish larvae based on deviations in the mean value of the catch has been proposed. According to these data, in 2012-2017 there was one high-yielding generation, in the remaining years - medium-yielding. It is shown that the dynamics of the number of fish larvae in the coastal region depends on the course of spawning and obeys the normal distribution in time. Analysis of the relative indices of the quantity of larvae - pieces/catches and pieces/1m of the coastal area in the studied years has been given. A method is described for calculating the absolute abundance of fish larvae in the littoral by the example of the Meshinsky Gulf. According to calculated data, the average number of early juveniles in the littoral of the Meshinsky Gulf in 2012-2017 was about 4 billion specimens, which corresponds to the figures obtained in previous years in the Sviyazhsky Gulf of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. The study results have great practical importance and can serve as data for prediction of catches and determining the state of ecological system of the reservoir.
GROWTH OF AUSTRALIAN CRAYFISH (CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS) JUVENILES IN INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS DEPENDING ON THE ENVIRONMENT TEMPERATURE
Authors: Shokasheva Dina Ilyinichna
Published: June 2018

The article presents study results of the influence of water temperature on the growth and evolution of juveniles of the Australian red claw crayfish ( Cherax quadricarinatus ) in circulating water supply systems. There have been analyzed 750 specimens of crayfish larvae and 150 juveniles, which were contained in large fish tanks, each with 200 l capacity. Each fish tank had autonomous system water purification and thermal regulation: 24.0; 28.0 and 31.0°С. Duration of test made 63 days. It was found that maximum efficiency of juvenile-stock rearing of crayfish can be achieved under the temperature 25.0-27.0°С. Growth rate of crayfish decreased and their survivalship was lower than threshold values under the temperature 30.0°С and higher. Insignificant changes of the temperature regime of the Australian crayfish juvenile habitat within the bounds of biological normal interval exert a significant impact on the results of their breeding both at an early nascent stage, beginning from the first larval stages, and more recent stages of the ontogenesis. It has been proved that water temperature has effect not only on the weight and linear growth, but also on the survivalship of the Australian crayfish juvenile. It has been observed that under 30.0°С survivalship of young crayfish decreased in two times during the first five days in circulating water supply units. For this reason in providing of industrial rearing of early juveniles of the Australian crayfish it should be taken into account that planned withdrawal at the first two-three months could make up to 50% from the initial number of larvae.
Reconstruction of Law of Joint Property Distribution due to Divorce to the Working Husband and Wife Based on the Value of Justice
Authors: Erowati Eti Mul
Published: June 2018

Article 97 of Compilation of Islamic Law stated that a divorced widow or widower gets half part of the joint property. The application of the article also cannot be separated from 31 and 34 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage. However, Article 97 of Compilation of Islamic Law will not be considered fair and could not explain or resolve a problem if there is a wife who not only becomes a housewife, but also a housekeeper that provides the needs for the family (work). The results showed that in certain cases the judge has made a breakthrough related to the distribution of joint property due to divorce n which the wife is working to help husband to meet domestic life. The Verdict of Religious High Court of Padang No.38/Pdt.G/2013/PTA.Pdg. Establishes 1/3 of joint property for the Plaintiff (husband) and 2/3 of the property for the Defendant (wife) with a basic consideration in acquiring joint property of the Plaintiff and Defendant during the marriage, the Defendant is more dominant in the contribution of joint property and actively works as civil servants. Factor that influences the verdict which does not achieve justice is “legal substance factor”, “legal structure factor”, and “culture of law factors". Reconstruction of value of joint property distribution due to divorce is done based on the contribution by taking into account the benefit and detriment.
The Relation between Business and Authority: Maros Political Atmospheric Study in Indonesia
Authors: Sumandiyar Adi
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study is to get the in-depth information about the patterns of relationship between the authorities and business groups on the political atmosphere in Maros, Indonesia This research was conducted using qualitative method with a constructivist approach. Data were obtained through advertising and electronic media in which the researcher acted as the research instrument. The data were used to investigate the relationship between the authorities and entrepreneurs on the political atmosphere in Maros, Indonesian The sources consisted of documentation and informants. The technique used in this study was in-depth interviews. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by interactive analysis intended to look at the process, the meaning, and the effect of the production and reproduction of the discourse. The results showed that the power of relation between the authorities and business groups had two objective and subjective dimensions and reacted reciprocally in producing up to reproducing the discourse of power that resulted in support for the authorities group of top level, midlevel, and the lowest authority levels in the region.
The development of verbal morphology and word order in an Indonesian-German bilingual child: A case study
Authors: Adnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri , Beratha Ni Luh Sutjiati , Pastika I Wayan , Suparwa I Nyoman
Published: June 2018

The contexts and circumstances of the occurrence of cross-linguistic influence in bilingual children’s language development are still a matter of debate. The present study argues that in the early development of a bilingual child exposed to two typologically distinct languages (Indonesian and German), the child developed two separate linguistic systems. The child, raised in Indonesia, was exposed to Indonesian by her Indonesian mother and to German by her German father. The study focuses on the early stages of verbal morphology and word order, from ages 1;3 to 2;2. The corpus took the form of conversational text or speech based on spontaneous interactions in natural settings. The data was collected using diary records, supplemented by weekly video recordings. In analysing the data, two software systems were used: ELAN and Toolbox. The speech was segmented based on utterances. All verbal morphology and word order was coded. The results show that verbal morphology in Indonesian and German was acquired by the child at different times, with the development of German verbs occurring later than Indonesian verb acquisition. In addition, there is evidence of interaction between the two developing systems. Cross-linguistic interference was identified when the child used the Indonesian vocatives-predicate combination in German utterances while, at the same time, the child also applied the German verb-final clause structure in Indonesian utterances when she should have produced German utterances. Thus, the results from this case study suggest that both language external and internal factors account for the occurrence of cross-linguistic influence.
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN ASSURING THE FAIRNESS OF DISTRIBUTION IN VIETNAM TODAY: SOME ISSUES
Authors: Lê Thị Vinh
Published: June 2018

In this article, through philosophical approach, the author focused on the role of the State in assuring the fairness of distribution. The article has three main contents: First, analyzing the weaknesses of the State in ensuring equitable distribution such as the State's unreasonable interference in the distribution relations, failure to properly implement the planning task and inspect, supervise the implementation of the distribution policy. Second, pointing out the consequences of the current situation the State has not yet properly implemented the role of managing, regulating and distributing - that is, the rich-poor gap is on the way to widening and polarizing, threatening stability and social development. Third, giving some principles that the State needs to implement more thoroughly to ensure fair distribution.
Study on determination method of cyclic siloxanes in personal care products collected from Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tri
Published: June 2018

Cyclic siloxanes are widely used in beauty products as softener and polisher. Howeve, very few studies have reported the occurrence and amount of cyclic siloxanes in personal care products (PCPs). In this research, the analysis method of cyclic siloxanes including octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in PCPs was developed by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. The method detection limits and the method quantification limits of individual cyclic siloxanes were 0.7 ng/g and 2.0 ng/g, respectively. Mean recoveries of surrogate compound (M4Q) and target compounds for the procedural blanks ranged from 88.5 to 94.9%. The recoveries of M4Q for real samples ranged from 75.5 to 120% (RSD: 6.8%). The optimal procedure was applied to measure the amount of D4, D5, and D6 in several samples of PCPs including shampoos, hair gels, and shower gels collected from retail stores in Hanoi, Vietnam. Mean concentrations of D4, D5 and D6 in PCPs ranged of 0.313 – 5.61 µg/g, 0.683 – 11.7 µg/g, and 0.294 – 3.38 µg/g, respectively.
Clinimetric Testing of the Lumbar Spine Instability Questionnaire
Authors: Saragiotto Bruno T. , Maher Chris G. , New Charles H. , Catley Mark , Hancock Mark J. , Cook Chad E. , Hodges Paul W.
Published: June 2018

Background

The Lumbar Spine Instability Questionnaire (LSIQ) is a self-report measure of 15 items. Previous studies have used the LSIQ as a measure of clinical instability; however, a comprehensive evaluation of its clinimetric properties has not been conducted.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the LSIQ in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP).

Methods

In this clinical measurement study, the authors included patients with nonspecific LBP presenting to primary care clinicians in Australia. Rasch analysis was conducted to assess item hierarchy, targeting, unidimensionality, person fit, internal consistency, and differential item functioning. The researchers assessed test-retest reliability of total scores and individual item scores, as well as convergent and divergent validity.

Results

A total of 107 participants with LBP (60 men and 47 women) were recruited. The results were variable. The LSIQ appeared to constitute a unidimensional measure, targeted the sample well, and showed adequate test-retest reliability. However, the scale had poor internal consistency, did not appear to function as an interval-level measure, and had unclear construct validity. Although no items appeared to be redundant, several items were biased by factors other than the proposed construct of the measure.

Conclusion

The LSIQ does not seem to be ready to be implemented in clinical practice and may require theoretical reconsideration. Although the LSIQ provided satisfactory estimates for some clinimetric features, the authors do not consider the instrument to be useful as an interval-level measure but rather as an index. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the LSIQ could measure clinical instability or some other construct. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(12):915–922. Epub 22 Jun 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7866
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Annulation Between Aryl Iodides and Racemic Epoxides Using a Chiral Norbornene Cocatalyst
Authors: Dong Guangbin , Li Renhe
Published: June 2018

Herein, we describe our initial development of an asymmetric Pd-catalyzed annulation between aryl iodides and racemic epoxides for synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans using a chiral norbornene cocatalyst. A series of enantiopure ester-, amide- and imide-substituted norbornenes have been prepared with a reliable synthetic route. Promising enantioselectivity (42-45% ee) has been observed using the isopropyl ester-substituted norbornene (N1*) and the amide-substituted norbornene (N7*).
Ampliación de la distribución del capuchino tricolor en México: nuevo registro en el centro-occidente de Veracruz
Authors: Fuentes-Moreno Axel , Vásquez-Cruz Víctor
Published: June 2018

El capuchino tricolor (Lonchura malacca) es una especie exótica que llegó a México a finales del siglo xx. Actualmente, se ha extendido a seis estados del sureste del país, en los cuales, la planicie costera del Golfo de México ha sido probablemente su principal vía de expansión. Presentamos aquí el primer registro formal de esta ave para Veracruz, respaldado con fotografías. Ob­servamos a la especie en el Campus Córdoba del Colegio de Postgraduados, municipio de Amatlán de los Reyes, en un área con pastizales y cultivos, lo que coincide con lo descrito en otras localidades donde se ha registrado. Sin embargo, tanto la altitud y longitud geográfica de nuestro registro son mayores a las reportadas con anterioridad en México. Considerando los potenciales efectos negativos que puede tener una especie exótica como el capuchino tricolor, recomendamos mantener vigilada su presencia y abundancia en el país.
Local Patterns of National Household Survey Non-Response in Canadian Cities
Authors: Bell Scott , Bates Kelsey , Snarr Kyle , Alegria Jessica
Published: June 2018

Statistics Canada and the Canadian government invoked a dramatic change in the collection of detailed demographic and other data for the Census year 2011. Despite reverting in 2016 to the traditional “long form” census format, the National Household Survey (NHS) of 2011 represents an important and meaningful opportunity for study. Furthermore, with a 10-year gap between instances of the more reliable “long form” survey format, users of detailed census data products face challenges if interested in demographic, economic, social, and other changes that happened between 2006 and 2016 or trends in such data over a period that includes the 2011 NHS. Here we examine patterns of non-response, using the variable Global Non-Response (GNR) in several Canadian cities using dissemination areas (DA) as the unit of analysis. We will also show patterns of similarity and dissimilarity with GNR and other NHS variables (social, demographic, ethnic, housing, etc.).
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of the Supercritical Water in Different Fuel Rod Channels
Authors: Han Huirui , Zhang Chao
Published: June 2018

The supercritical water-cooled reactor was proposed as one of the Generation IV nuclear systems. Although many research works on the fluid flow and heat transfer of supercritical water in circular channels have been conducted, there is still lack of research on the fluid flow and heat transfer process in fuel bundles used in supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactors. Besides, fuel bundles have multiple fuel rods, the flow is an external flow, not internal flow as that in circle channels, which will cause the difference in the fluid flow phenomenon and heat transfer on the fuel rod cladding surface. In this work, the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the supercritical water in the single-rod channel and the multi-rod channel are simulated numerically. The results show that there are secondary flows in both channels. The circumferential cladding surface temperature variation is large and should be considered in the future fuel rod design. With the same flow rate and heat flux input, the maximum cladding surface temperature in the multi-rod channel is much higher than that in the single-rod channel. Since the maximum cladding surface temperature is an important parameter for the safety of the nuclear reactor operation, it is recommended to use the multi-rod channel model to conduct numerical simulations for the fluid flow and heat transfer of the supercritical water in the Canadian SCWR.