bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КЛІЄНТООРІЄНТОВАНІСТЬ ЯК СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ ОРІЄНТИР ФОРМУВАННЯ МОДЕЛІ КУПІВЕЛЬНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ СПОЖИВАЧА ТА РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Кирчата Ірина , Приходько Дар’я
Published: July 2023

УДК 334.01; JEL Classification: M11; M21

Кирчата І. М., Приходько Д.О. Клієнтоорієнтованість як стратегічний орієнтир формування моделі купівельної поведінки споживача та розвитку бізнесу

Мета. Дослідження основних засад формування моделі купівельної поведінки споживача та обґрунтування необхідності використання клієнтоорієнтованого підходу в процесі стратегічної адаптації підприємства до сучасних умов ведення бізнесу залишається надалі актуальною проблемою та визначено основною метою в даному дослідженні. Методика дослідження. Теоретичною і методологічною основою є наукові праці, в яких досліджуються питання вивчення споживчої поведінки покупців та клієнтоорієнтовані інструменти ведення бізнесу. В роботі використано методи узагальнення та абстрагування; метод аналізу і синтезу. Результати. Сучасні умови ведення бізнесу вимагають постійної перебудови внутрішніх процесів та послуг, задля набуття необхідного рівня клієнтоорієнтованості в новому економічному просторі. Успішність стратегії розвитку бізнесу значною мірою залежить від обґрунтованості заходів реагування на запити та очікування покупців, а тому організація, яка зможе першою зрозуміти потреби і почне взаємодіяти з ними, зможе стати інноваційною не тільки за рахунок своїх власних розробок, а й за рахунок того, що споживачі теж є новаторами та можуть висловлювати не тільки побажання, а й націлювати на конкретні рішення. Клієнтоорієнтованість та поведінковий підхід в торгівлі дозволяють дізнатися більше про потреби та бажання споживачів, а тому створюють міцний фундамент для підвищення рівня їх задоволеності та підвищення продажів. Наукова новизна. Дослідження основних тенденцій формування моделі купівельної поведінки споживача довело обґрунтовану необхідність використання клієнтоорієнтованого підходу як стратегічного орієнтира та адаптації підприємств до сучасних умов ведення бізнесу, а також дозволило запропонувати основні заходи, які доцільно вживати для забезпечення стратегічного розвитку бізнесу на засадах інноваційності та клієнтоорієнтованості. Практична значущість. Основні практичні результати дослідження зводяться до того, що тренди у споживчій поведінці розвиваються динамічно, а тому складно визначити і прийняти за константу єдиний критерій для моделювання споживчої моделі. В роботі визначено ключові тенденції формування моделі споживчої поведінки, надано обґрунтовані рекомендації з організації та проведення правильного впливу на психологічні процеси, оскільки саме споживач виступає модератором процесу взаємодії, критеріїв та факторів, які необхідно закладати в бізнес–модель.
РОЗРОБКА СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА НА ЗАСАДАХ ESG-ОРІЄНТИРІВ
Authors: Кирчата Ірина , Шершенюк Олена
Published: July 2023

УДК 339.187; JEL Classification: М29

Кирчата І. М., Шершенюк О.М. Розробка стратегії розвитку підприємництва на засадах ESG-орієнтирів

Мета. Дослідження сутності та визначення концептуального змісту ESG-компонентів як інструменту стратегії сталого розвитку підприємництва. Методика дослідження. Теоретичною і методологічною основою є положення економічної теорії, основні закони функціонування ринкової економіки, праці провідних вітчизняних і зарубіжних учених-економістів, в яких акцентується увага на необхідності поєднання принципів корпоративної соціальної відповідальності з  ESG-компонентами. Використано методи узагальнення та абстрагування; метод аналізу і синтезу. Результати. Інтеграція ESG-компонент в діяльність суб’єктів підприємництва сприяє розширенню спектру можливостей для формування переваг в умовах сталого розвитку. Проте недостатньо опрацьованим залишається питання стратегічного розвитку підприємництва на засадах поєднання традиційного корпоративного управління з ESG-компонентами, як передумови забезпечення інвестиційної привабливості та набуття довгострокової конкурентної переваги. В останні роки виникла гостра необхідність у розвитку екологічної та соціальної компонент ESG-інвестування в світі. ESG-інвестування має на меті збільшити значення компаній, які працюють з врахуванням соціальних, екологічних та управлінських принципів, а тому є тим самим інструментом, що сприятиме досягненню сталого розвитку підприємств. ESG-компоненти є ключовим інструментом управління ризиками та можливостями в рамках стратегічного розвитку підприємництва. Вони допомагають компаніям оцінити та управляти ризиками, пов'язаними з екологією, соціальними питаннями та управлінням, а також створити можливості для поліпшення фінансової результативності компанії. Загалом, використання ESG-компонентів є важливою складовою сталого розвитку бізнесу в сучасному світі. Наукова новизна. В роботі теоретично обґрунтовано доцільність інтеграції ESG-компонентів, як ключового інструмента стратегії сталого розвитку підприємництва. Визначено принципи та основні орієнтири ESG орієнтованої стратегії як передумови формування  довгострокових конкурентних переваг. Практична значущість. В роботі доведено, що інтеграція ESG-компонент на засадах поєднання з традиційним корпоративним управлінням в діяльність суб’єктів підприємництва розширює можливості формування переваг в умовах сталого розвитку та виступає передумовою забезпечення інвестиційної привабливості.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ДОРОЖНЬО-ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПРИГОД В УКРАЇНІ ЯК СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ДЕСТРУКТОРА
Authors: Шевченко Інна , Васильченко Михайло
Published: July 2023

УДК 656.13; JEL Classification: R49

Шевченко І.Ю., Васильченко М.С. ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ДОРОЖНЬО-ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПРИГОД В УКРАЇНІ ЯК СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ДЕСТРУКТОРА

Мета: виявлення тенденцій і закономірностей дорожньо-транспортних пригод в Україні як соціально-економічного деструктора. Методика дослідження: метод аналізу та синтезу, системний підхід, метод узагальнення, метод порівняння, критичний аналіз, традиційні прийоми економічного аналізу.  Результати: виявлено тенденції та закономірності дорожньо-транспортних пригод в Україні як соціально-економічного деструктора в період 2020-2022 рр. у контексті реалізації Стратегії підвищення рівня безпеки дорожнього руху в Україні на період до 2024 року та Державної програми підвищення рівня безпеки дорожнього руху в Україні на період до 2023 року. Виявлено позитивну тенденцію зменшення кількості дорожньо-транспортних пригод, кількості загиблих і травмованих внаслідок дорожньо-транспортних пригод в Україні у 2021-2022 рр. порівняно з базовим 2020 р. Виявлено негативну тенденцію зростання фатальності та травматичності дорожньо-транспортних пригод в Україні у 2022 р. порівняно з 2020-2021 рр. Виявлено закономірність спричинення дорожньо-транспортних пригод в Україні головним чином такими порушеннями ПДР як «перевищення безпечної швидкості» та «порушення правил маневрування». Виявлено закономірність прояву дорожньо-транспортних пригод в Україні головним чином у вигляді «зіткнення» та «наїзду на пішохода». Наукова новизна: запропоновано розрахунок  коефіцієнтів фатальності (відношення кількості загиблих внаслідок дорожньо-транспортних пригод до кількості дорожньо-транспортних пригод із загиблими та/або травмованими) та травматичності (відношення кількості травмованих внаслідок дорожньо-транспортних пригод до кількості дорожньо-транспортних пригод із загиблими та/або травмованими) дорожньо-транспортних пригод у якості невід’ємного елементу аналізу тенденцій і закономірностей дорожньо-транспортних пригод. Практична значущість: розуміння тенденцій і закономірностей дорожньо-транспортних пригод в Україні дозволить розробити рекомендації щодо вдосконалення державної стратегії підвищення рівня безпеки дорожнього руху, що сприятиме нівелюванню деструктивного впливу дорожньо-транспортних пригод на національну соціально-економічну систему.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СТАТИСТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ В УПРАВЛІННІ ЯКІСТЮ ПРОДУКЦІЇ
Authors: Непран Андрій , Чуйко Наталія , Воронкова Алла
Published: July 2023

УДК 629.41.2; JEL Classification: М10

Непран А. А., Воронкова А. А., Чуйко Н. В. ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СТАТИСТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ В УПРАВЛІННІ ЯКІСТЮ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

Мета – розробка теоретичних засад використання статистичних методів в управлінні якістю промислової продукції. Методика дослідження. Для досягнення поставленої мети у дослідженнях були використані такі загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи і прийоми дослідження: методи математичної статистики – для визначення розміру вибірки, середнього відхилення, граничних меж допусків, допустимих значень відхилень середніх арифметичних значень. Результати. Для аналізу якості та попередження появи шлюбу важливе значення мають статистичні методи управління якістю. Цей метод контролю виробництва та якості продукції ґрунтується на застосуванні методів математичної статистики до систематичного контролю за якістю виробів та станом технологічного процесу з метою підтримки його стійкості та забезпечення заданого рівня якості виготовлення продукції. На конкретному прикладі обґрунтовані показники верхніх та нижніх меж допусків, а також верхніх та нижніх меж зони допустимих значень відхилень від середніх арифметичних значень. Наукова новизна. Обгрунтовано порядок застосування методу середніх та розмахів для контролю якості продукції на промислових підприємствах. Практична значущість. Використання даного методу дозволить знизити трудомісткість оцінки якості продукції та забезпечити контроль технологічних процесів. Доцільно на підприємствах серійного та масового виробництва.
Metaphorical conceptualization of a difficult child in modern English literature
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Magomedova Saidat M. , Omarova Aida U. ,   Dagestan State University
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the metaphorical conceptualization of “a difficult child” in the works of modern British writers. The relevance of the topic is due to the unexplored phenomenon in the English language as “a difficult child”, as well as the disclosure of the mechanisms of metaphorical conceptualization of “a difficult child” will reveal the national and cultural specifics of the worldview inherent in the linguistic consciousness of the English linguistic and cultural community. The object of research in the article is the concept CHILD in modern English based on the material of modern British literature. Since for the linguistic and cultural analysis of the concept, the significance is its figurative and evaluative components, the subject of the study are the features of the representation of the concept under study, expressing a negative assessment. Therefore, the aim of the article is to study the metaphorical mechanisms of conceptualization of “a difficult child”, which is defined as children with a difficult character, whose behavior deviates from the standards and norms accepted in society. Analyzing the figurative and evaluative component of the concept, we found out that “a difficult child” is conceptualized through the following cognitive metaphors: animalistic, artifact, age, demonic, naturomorphic, military, etc., which reveal such signs of a difficult child as aggressiveness, hyperactivity, mobility, stubbornness, stupidity, lack of culture, lack of individuality, spontaneity, the influence of a “bad” environment, unacceptable behavior, the insignificance of one’s essence, uncontrollability, lack of a certain guideline in life, etc.
ENSURING THE QUALITY OF PRE-PAINTING OF THE CAR LINING SURFACE BY THE GAS-DYNAMIC METHOD
Authors: Kul'kov Anatoliy
Published: July 2023

The regularities of ensuring the quality of the metal lining surface of the of railway car bodies before the operation of factory or repair painting are described. The gas-dynamic method given in this paper can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of surface preparation for painting.

The results of the study of particles acceleration in a gas-dynamic flow are presented, the process of abrasive particles collision with the surface, the degree of cleaning of the car metal lining, and the surface roughness after treatment are researched.

The influence of all the above factors on the quality of the pre-painting is described. The relevance of this study is determined by the high requirements of manufacturers of paint and varnish materials for the quality of pre-painting of metal surfaces.
Depression Detection Based on Analysis of EEG Signals in Multi Brain Regions
Authors: Yang Jianli , Zhang Zhen , Xiong Peng , Liu Xiuling
Published: July 2023

Background: As an objective method to detect the neural electrical activity of the brain, electroencephalography (EEG) has been successfully applied to detect major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the performance of the detection algorithm is directly affected by the selection of EEG channels and brain regions. Methods: To solve the aforementioned problems, nonlinear feature Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC) and frequency domain feature power spectral density (PSD) were extracted to analyze the EEG signals. Additionally, effects of different brain regions and region combinations on detecting MDD were studied with eyes closed and opened in a resting state. Results: The mean LZC of patients with MDD was higher than that of the control group, and the mean PSD of patients with MDD was generally lower than that of the control group. The temporal region is the best brain region for MDD detection with a detection accuracy of 87.4%. The best multi brain regions combination had a detection accuracy of 92.4% and was made up of the frontal, temporal, and central brain regions. Conclusions: This paper validates the effectiveness of multiple brain regions in detecting MDD. It provides new ideas for exploring the pathology of MDD and innovative methods of diagnosis and treatment.
Embedding research in emotion duration in a network model
Authors: Lange Jens
Published: July 2023

Contrary to early theorizing, emotions often last for longer periods of time. Variability in people’s emotion duration contributes to psychopathologies. Therefore, emotion theories need to account for this variability. So far, reviews only list predictors of emotion duration without integrating them in a theoretical framework. Mechanisms explaining why these predictors relate to emotion duration remain unknown. I propose to embed research on emotion duration in a network model of emotions and illustrate the central ideas with simulations using a formal network model. In the network model, the components of an emotion have direct causal effects on each other. According to the model, emotions last longer (a) when the components are more strongly connected or (b) when the components have higher thresholds (i.e., they are more easily activated). High connectivity prolongs emotions because components are constantly reactivated. Higher thresholds prolong emotions because components are more easily reactivated even when connectivity is lower. Indirect evidence from research on emotion coherence and research on the relationship of predictors of emotion duration with components outside of emotional episodes supports the usefulness of the network model. I further argue and show in simulations that a common cause model, in which a latent emotion causes changes in emotion components, cannot account for research on emotion duration. Finally, I describe future directions for research on emotion duration and emotion dynamics from a network perspective.
Saudi Elementary EFL Teachers' Beliefs Implications for Classroom Practice
Authors: Naeem Jawaria , Bibi Muqaddas
Published: July 2023

Saudi Elementary EFL Teachers' Beliefs Implications for Classroom Practice
Large language models show human-like content biases in transmission chain experiments
Authors: Acerbi Alberto , Stubbersfield Joseph Michael
Published: July 2023

As the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) grows, it is important to examine if they exhibit biases in their output. Research in Cultural Evolution, using transmission chain experiments, demonstrates that humans have biases to attend to, remember, and transmit some types of content over others. Here, in five pre-registered experiments with the same methodology, we find that the LLM chatGPT-3 shows biases analogous to humans for content that is gender-stereotype consistent, social, negative, threat-related, and biologically counterintuitive, over other content. The presence of these biases in LLM output suggests that such content is widespread in its training data, and could have consequential downstream effects, by magnifying pre-existing human tendencies for cognitively appealing, and not necessarily informative, or valuable, content.
Rehabilitation Medicine Professionals’ Views on Climate Change and Health
Authors: Campbell Eryn , Alexander Marcalee , Kotcher John , Maibach Edward
Published: July 2023

Background. Climate change is already harming human health, both directly and indirectly. Physical and rehabilitation medicine professionals are at the frontlines of addressing climate change and health, as their patients are particularly vulnerable to these health harms. It is therefore important to understand how these health professionals understand the connection between climate and health and what resources they need to engage with the issue. Methods. We surveyed the members of two medical societies—the Association of Academic Physiatrists and the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine—to assess their climate beliefs and attitudes, understanding of climate change’s present and future health harms, the barriers they perceive to engagement with the issue, and the types of resources they would find helpful. Results. We found that health professionals in the field of rehabilitation medicine understand that climate change impacts human health and think actions should be taken; however, they also perceive barriers to their own involvement in educating the public and policymakers about climate and health and believe there are more urgent health issues in the region where they practice. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that health professionals in the field of rehabilitation medicine are convinced of the realities of climate change and its relationship to their profession. Further, while many in this field do perceive other health issues to be more urgent in their regions of practice, there are opportunities to provide resources and support to those who are ready to engage directly with climate change and health.
Utilizing Computer-Assisted Language Learning in Saudi Arabia Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Tahir Fatima , Ghafoor Laiba
Published: July 2023

Utilizing Computer-Assisted Language Learning in Saudi Arabia Opportunities and Challenges
CLIMATIC DETERMINANTS OF COVID-19 CASES AND DEATHS IN UGANDA: 2020-2022
Authors: Okello Justine , Nyakarahuka Luke , Muleme James , Atuheire Collins , Seruwagi George , Opiyo Felix Lakor , Kakuru Glet Bitariho , Muwanguzi David , Malata Phiri Andrew , Munyeme Musso , Kankya Clovice , Thomas Lian
Published: July 2023

Background: Infectious diseases have proven to be among the greatest challenges to life in the Anthropocene era. Their repeated and cyclical occurrences coupled with varying variants, and rapidly changing climatic conditions within this century threaten to take the world back to the “pre-development era” in the absence of corrective measures. We designed a research study to determine the influence of weather parameters on the spread of COVID-19 in Uganda from March 2020 to January 2022.Methods: Records of COVID-19 mortalities and morbidities as well as weather elements from March 2020 to January 2022 were retrieved from the national data bases of the Ministry of Health and Meteorological Authority, respectively. Data analysis was conducted in STATA/SE 17.0. A generalized simple linear regression model was conducted to explore the climatic determinants of COVID-19 cases and deaths using the different predictor variables bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. A set of SEIR differential equations were analyzed to study the dynamics of COVID-19 with vaccination and temperature variations. The reproduction number and disease-free equilibrium were also analyzed. Simulations for to determine the behavior of COVID-19 with vaccination and varying temperature were performed using MATLAB software.Results: Mean COVID-19 cases started gradually from the month of March 2020 at means of fewer than 10 cases till July 2020. From August to December 2020, the mean COVID-19 cases increased rapidly with mean cases of about 400 cases by the end of December 2020. a unit increase in the daily maximum temperature, the number of COVID-19 cases increased at 22.57 times [(95%CI =13.08-32.05), p-value <0.001]. Also, a unit increase in the daily temperature range, COVID-19 cases increased at 27.81 times [(95%CI = 17.60-38.01), p-value <0.001].Conclusion: The present study reveals that different environmental weather parameters affected the deaths and cases of COVID-19. Increase in the daily maximum temperature resulted in the decrease of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Increase in the daily relative humidity resulted in to decrease of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Specifically, increase in the daily Rainfall amounts resulted in to decrease and increase in the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths respectively. The same trend was exhibited by the daily windspeed.
Last Glacial Maximum pattern effects reduce climate sensitivity estimates
Authors: Cooper Vincent , Armour Kyle , Hakim Greg , Tierney Jessica , Osman Matthew , Proistosescu Cristian , Dong Yue , Burls Natalie , Andrews Timothy , Amrhein Daniel , Zhu Jiang , Dong Wenhao , Ming Yi , Chmielowiec Philip
Published: July 2023

Here, we show that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a stronger constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global warming from increasing greenhouse gases, after accounting for temperature patterns. Feedbacks governing ECS depend on spatial patterns of surface temperature (“pattern effects”); hence, using the LGM to constrain future warming requires quantifying how temperature patterns produce different feedbacks during LGM cooling versus modern-day warming. Combining data assimilation reconstructions with atmospheric models, we show that the climate is more sensitive to LGM forcing because ice sheets amplify extratropical cooling where feedbacks are destabilizing. Accounting for LGM pattern effects yields a median modern-day ECS of 2.4°C, 66% range 1.7° to 3.5°C (1.4° to 5.0°C, 5 to 95%), from LGM evidence alone. Combining the LGM with other lines of evidence, the best estimate becomes 2.9°C, 66% range 2.4° to 3.5°C (2.1° to 4.1°C, 5 to 95%), substantially narrowing uncertainty compared to recent assessments.
Prescription for Love: An Experimental Investigation of Laypeople’s Relative Moral Disapproval of Love Drugs
Authors: Lantian Anthony , Boudesseul Jordane , Cova Florian
Published: July 2023

New technologies regularly bring about profound changes in our daily lives. Romantic relationships are no exception to these transformations. Some philosophers expect the emergence in the near future of love drugs: a theoretically achievable biotechnological intervention that could be designed to strengthen and maintain love in romantic relationships. We investigated laypeople’s resistance to the use of such technologies and its sources. Across two studies (Study 1, French and Peruvian university students, N after exclusion = 186; Study 2, Amazon Mechanical Turk sample, N after exclusion = 693, pre-registered), we found that the use of love drugs designed to strengthen and maintain love in romantic relationships are considered as more morally problematic than psychological therapy with the same aim. In Study 2, we show that this last effect is partially due to the fact that the love resulting from the use of love drugs is perceived as less authentic, intense, and durable. We discuss the specific role of authenticity in the relative moral disapproval of love drugs.
Selective Neural Entrainment Reveals Hierarchical Tuning to Linguistic Regularities in Reading
Authors: De Rosa Mara , Vignali Lorenzo , D'Urso Anna , Ktori Maria , Bottini Roberto , Crepaldi Davide
Published: July 2023

Reading is both a visual and a linguistic task, and as such it relies on both general-purpose, visual mechanisms and more abstract, meaning-oriented processes. Disentangling the roles of these resources is of paramount importance in reading research. The present study capitalizes on the coupling of Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS; Rossion, 2014) and MEG recordings to address this issue and investigate the role of different kinds of visual and linguistic units in the visual word identification system. We compared strings of pseudo-characters (BACS; C. Vidal & Chetail, 2017); strings of consonants (e.g,. sfcl); readable, but unattested strings (e.g., amsi); frequent, but non-meaningful chunks (e.g., idge); suffixes (e.g., ment); and words (e.g., vibe); and looked for discrimination responses with a particular focus on the ventral, occipito-temporal regions. The results revealed sensitivity to alphabetic, readable, familiar and lexical stimuli. Interestingly, there was no discrimination between suffixes and equally frequent, but meaningless endings, thus highlighting a lack of sensitivity to semantics. Taken together, the data suggest that the visual word identification system, at least in its early processing stages, is particularly tuned to form-based regularities, most likely reflecting its reliance on general-purpose, statistical learning mechanisms that are a core feature of the visual system as implemented in the ventral stream.
Early Theory of Mind development - Are infants inherently altercentric?
Authors: Grosse Wiesmann Charlotte , Southgate Victoria
Published: July 2023

Human social interaction is characterized by the ability to reason about other individuals’ unobservable mental states, referred to as Theory of Mind. For decades, this ability was believed to develop around the age of 4 years, when children start passing the false belief task. In recent years, however, novel infant Theory of Mind tasks have shown that, already in their first two years of life, infants make correct predictions of how agents with a false belief are going to act. These findings have triggered a controversial debate on when Theory of Mind develops and whether infants already have a full-fledged Theory of Mind.Here, we suggest that infants might solve the novel infant Theory of Mind tasks due to an altercentric modulation of their own representation of the world, rather than by entertaining two divergent representations – the others’ and their own perspective. We propose an enhanced social encoding mechanism through which infants acquire a stronger representation of events experienced together with another person than events that are only witnessed by the child alone. This mechanism allows the infant to predict others’ actions in line with their representation of the world, but also predicts that infants produce reality errors where, in their own expectations about the world, they are influenced more by what the other believes to be the case than what infants themselves should know to be the case. While adaptive in infancy, when the child has limited abilities to act on the world and is highly dependent on others, we propose that this mechanism changes towards the end of the second year of life when children acquire an explicit concept of themselves. The presence of a self-concept highlights the child’s own perspective on the world and leads to the typical egocentric errors committed by 3-year-olds in the traditional false belief tasks. Only when maturing executive abilities allow the child to maintain two different representations simultaneously, and to meta-represent one of these, around the age of 4 years, do children become able to flexibly reason about others mental states on traditional false belief tasks.
Emotion understanding as third-person appraisals: Integrating appraisal theories with developmental theories of emotion
Authors: Doan Tiffany , Ong Desmond C. , Wu Yang
Published: July 2023

Emotion understanding goes beyond recognizing emotional displays—it also involves reasoning about how people’s emotions are affected by their subjective evaluations of what they experienced. Inspired by work in adults on cognitive appraisal theories of emotion, we propose a framework that can guide systematic investigations of how an adult-like, sophisticated understanding of emotion develops from infancy to adulthood. We integrate basic concepts of appraisal theories with developmental theories of emotion understanding, and suggest that over development, young children construct an intuitive, theory-like understanding of other people’s emotions that is structurally similar to appraisal theories. That is, children are increasingly able to evaluate other people's situations from those people's perspectives along various appraisal dimensions, and use such third-person appraisals to understand those people’s emotional responses to events. This "third-person-appraisal" framework can not only incorporate existing empirical findings but can also identify gaps in the literature, providing a guiding framework for systematically investigating the development of emotion understanding.
A preliminary attempt to reconcile contradictory theories and findings regarding the relation between stigma and suicide
Authors: Wiley James Christopher
Published: July 2023

Suicidology frames stigma as harmful to society, in that it puts individuals at higher risk of dying by suicide. This contradicts cross-cultural findings suggesting societies with abnormally high suicide rates have no stigmatizing norms around suicide. Furthermore, a few studies indicate that adherence to religions with stigmatizing views on suicide can actually protect against suicidality. As a result, some theorists have speculated that stigma may possess protective qualities against suicide. The present paper proposes that stigma should be conceptualized as a deterrent that can be employed against a variety of phenomena. Consequently, it is expected that stigma targeting factors other than suicide (such as race or disability) would prompt suicidality, while stigma specifically directed at suicide would discourage suicidality. To examine the validity of this conceptualization, the present paper categorizes articles cited by opposing theorists into those that align or contradict this viewpoint, aiming to reconcile differing perspectives. This conceptualization offers a more comprehensive explanation for the contradictory findings observed, although imperfections persist. The objective of this paper is not to prove the proposed conceptualization, but rather to shed light on the issue of conflicting claims made by different theorists, while offering a potential solution.
Gendering the Pandemic: Women's and Men's Time Use during COVID-19
Authors: Sayer Liana C , Yan Hope Xu , Doan Long , Rinderknecht R. Gordon
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 social distancing requirements, school and child care closures, workplaces shifting to remote work, and unprecedented job loss have changed the rhythm of daily life in disparate ways for women and men. The emerging literature on gendered impacts of COVID-19 indicates widening gaps in married parents’ housework and child care time (Carlson, Petts and Pepin 2020, Dunatchik et al. 2020, Lyttleton, Zang and Musick 2020). Knowledge about COVID-19 impacts on gendered time use is limited because of the focus on partnered parents’ paid work, housework, and care work. The pandemic has altered daily life for all women and men and studying all groups and all daily activities is necessary to understand if and how the pandemic is affecting daily behaviors, social interaction, and well-being. Using data from Wave 2 of the Assessing the Social Consequences of COVID-19 (ASCC) study, we find that specialization in the division of labor is greatest among partnered women and men without children, not partnered parents. We also find that women regardless of parental and marital status report more housework and care work than men, but the gap is slight (e.g. only 7m comparing employed married parents). Employed married mothers have less leisure than other groups, with child care and self care accounting for the difference. Last, our results suggest the need to examine intersecting patterns of time inequality by gender, social class, and education.
Evaluating Twitter's COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Removal Policy
Authors: Zhong Wei , Broniatowski David , Dredze Mark , Abroms Lorien
Published: July 2023

Objectives. To assess the efficacy of Twitter's March 1, 2021 COVID-19 vaccine misinformation removal policy.Methods. We collected over 400 million English-language tweets related to COVID-19 using more than 100 pertinent keywords from February 6, 2020, to December 15, 2022, comparing vaccine-related tweets and corresponding accounts before vs. after the implementation of Twitter's interventions. We used a comparative interrupted time series analytic approach to compared the content of misinformative (>10% of tweets contain links to misinformative websites) to non-misinformative accounts. Results. We identified 7,084 misinformative accounts and 6,706,999 non-misinformative accounts. Misinformative accounts were 1.43 times more likely to persist (RR=1.43; 95% CI:1.41-1.45; P<0.001) and 30.16 times more likely to become more misinformative (RR=30.16; 95% CI: 28.48 - 31.95; P<0.001) compared to non-misinformative accounts. We did not detect a significant decrease in content from misinformative accounts (RR=0.03; 95% CI: 0.00 - 3.93; P=0.16) compared to pre-policy data; however, we did detect a significant decrease in content from non-misinformative accounts (RR=0.02; 95% CI: 0.00 - 0.32; P=0.005). We did not detect a significant difference between these two groups (RR=1.48; 95% CI: 0.01 - 398.61; P=0.89). Conclusion. Twitter's vaccine misinformation removal policies do not appear to have been associated with a detectable reduction in content from misinformative, compared to non- misinformative, users or in more misinformative compared to less misinformative tweets.Public Health Implications. Our study highlights the necessity for external evaluations to ascertain the sufficiency of platforms’ self-regulatory measures to safeguard public health.
Finding Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors from Indian Medicinal Plants for Colorectal Cancer- An In-silico Approach
Authors: Srivedha P , Umabarathi V , Muhilan BM , Ravikumar P
Published: July 2023

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. An uncontrolled growth of the body’s cells can lead to cancer. Cancer of the large intestine (colon) is one of the main causes of death due to cancer. The present study was designed to find the potential phytocompounds from Indian medicinal plants against Colorectal cancer (CRC) using in silico studies. The 3D structure of the target protein was retrieved from the PDB database. The 3D structure of phytocompounds was obtained using IMPPAT, PubChem and Dr. Duke’s database. The Lipinski rule of five for all the phytocompounds was tested using SwissADME. The docking studies were performed using PyRx, and the results were analyzed using Discovery Studio 2021. From the results, the phytocompounds Pamoic acid, Fernenol, and Diosgenin showed very good binding affinity like -9.7, -9.4, and -9.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. Toxicity studies were done for the best-interacted phytocompounds, and the results showed that the compounds had very less toxicity. The present study concludes that Pamoic acid from Catharanthus roseus, Fernenol from Artemisia vulgaris, and Diosgenin from Solanum nigrum has the potential ability to act as a drug for treating colorectal cancer (CRC).
Virtual screening, Docking and ADMET analysis of bioactive compounds from the Indian medicinal plants for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mala K , Logeshwaran A , Kathiravan S , Umabarathi V , Ravikumar P
Published: July 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition defined by persistent hyperglycemia caused by either insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or inability of peripheral target tissues to respond to normal insulin concentrations. The present study was designed to find the bioactive compounds from the Indian medicinal plants for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus using Virtual screening, Docking and ADMET studies. The 3D structure of phytocompounds was obtained using IMPPAT and PubChem database. The Lipinski rule of five for all the phytocompounds was tested using SwissADME. The sequence of the target protein was retrieved from the UniProt database and modelled using Swiss-Model. The docking studies were performed using PyRx and the results were analyzed using Discovery Studio 2021. Results: The phytocompounds Taraxerol, Obtusifoliol and Kulactone showed very good binding affinity like -9.7, -9.7 and -9.4 Kcal/mol, respectively. Toxicity studies were done for the best-interacted phytocompounds and the results showed that the compounds had very less toxicity. Conclusion: The present study concludes that Taraxerol from Coccinia grandis, Obtusifoliol and Kulactone from Azadirachta indica and may have a potential ability in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.
Assessment of the benefits and costs of tourism in Ghandruk, Gandaki, Nepal
Authors: Baral Rekha , Rijal Deepak Prasad , Saini Binod Kumar
Published: July 2023

Tourism generates both positive and negative impacts to the destinations. Therefore, for maintaining the long term sustainability of tourism industry, tourism impacts should be comprehensively evaluated. However, such assessments are scanty in the Nepalese context. In this study, we assessed the economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits of tourism in Ghandruk, one of the most widely visited iconic tourism destinations both for the domestic and international visitors.  Data on various social, economic and environmental benefits/costs were collected via questionnaire survey, group discussion and in person interview and analysed by a Leopold matrix. The results revealed that tourism generates noteworthy economic and social benefits to the destination community, while the negative impacts in all three aspects are minimal. This finding may have broader implications beyond the case study, and suggests that tourism if extended as the primary industry in other similar mountainous villages can play a pivotal role to enhance the socio-economic status of the country.
Structural Stability of the Relationship between Indirect Taxes and Government Expenditure in Nepal: Implications for Fiscal Policy
Authors: Karki Dipendra , Dahal Rewan Kumar , Bhattarai Ganesh , Gnawali Laxman
Published: July 2023

This study uses time series data of Nepal from fiscal years 1974/75 to 2017/18 to examine the dynamics of the relationship between indirect taxes and government spending. The study’s main objective is to examine the effect size of Value Added Tax (VAT), excise, and customs duties in predicting Nepal’s budget deficit. The data for the study purpose were obtained from the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Finance. The study used a retrospective methodology. The data were first checked for stationarity by employing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test, and then the link between the variables was determined using a multiple regression analysis based on ordinary least squares. The results showed that customs charges did not affect government spending in Nepal, while value-added and excise taxes had a statistically significant positive impact. The structural stability of the parameter was evaluated utilising the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ procedures. The results showed no evidence of misspecification or instability within the period predicted by the model. The residuals follow a normal distribution with no serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, or multicollinearity issues. The main implication of the study finding is that the government should exercise fiscal restraint and prioritise the collection of indirect taxes. Additionally, it recommends reducing customs taxes for new businesses and expanding the range of products subject to VAT.
Influence of Social Media Usage on Generation Z’s Choice in Selecting Restaurants in Kathmandu
Authors: Shah Prasiddhika , Bhusal Navraj , Chettri Keshab Khatri
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the influence of social media usage on Generation Z’s choice in selecting a restaurant in the Kathmandu district. A hierarchical multiple regression model is used to examine the effect of the independent factors (perceived image, electronic word-of-mouth, sales promotion, and restaurant popularity) on the dependent variable (restaurant choice). The data is collected from Generation Z (Gen Z) residing in Kathmandu districts by adopting convenience sampling. The findings of this study suggest that the Gen Z residing in Kathmandu district tend to make restaurant choices based on their perceived image and electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM), as indicated by the positive correlation and regression coefficients. On the other hand, despite showing a strong relationship in the correlation analysis, the regression coefficients of sales promotion and restaurant popularity do not seem to significantly impact consumers’ restaurant choice decisions among Generation Z of Kathmandu.
Relation between Modis-based Aerosol Optical Depth and Particulate Matter in Kathmandu using Regression Model
Authors: Timilsina Saurav , Gautam Pawan , Shrestha Kundan Lal
Published: July 2023

Ambient fine Particulate Matters have been linked to various adverse health outcomes. Exposure to the high level of such particles would increase the risk of premature death, especially for people with weak immune systems, such as children and elder people. This research derives the relation between particulate matter and AOD from the Regression model on the seasonal (Pre-monsoon season (March 2020) and winter season (December 2019) basis of Kathmandu. Here two models have been developed one linear single-variable regression model and the other multivariable regression model. For the multivariable regression model, meteorological factors like Wind speed, Temperature, and Relative Humidity were adopted from the underground and the Planetary boundary layer height was simulated from WRF. Particulate matter (PM2.5) was adopted from the US Embassy air quality station and MODIS Level 2 AOD having 10 km resolution was analyzed for regression modeling. The linear single variable and linear multivariable regression model were developed seasonally one from December 1st to December 31st, 2019 (winter season) and the other from March 1st to March 31st, 2020 (Pre-monsoon season) using Python. The seasonal correlation coefficient of these two models was obtained. In both seasons, the multivariable linear regression model showed a good correlation between AOD and Particulate Matter R2 (Pre-monsoon) = 0.72657, R2 (winter) = 0.4687) compared to the single variable regression model having R2 (Pre-monsoon) = 0.45, R2 (winter) = 0.133). In both these regression models using the evaluated regression coefficients, two seasonal equations were derived from which Particulate Matter can be estimated.
Woody species diversity and assemblage in different forest management stands of central Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Pradeep , Sapkota Ramesh Prasad , Rijal Kedar
Published: July 2023

Various forest management strategies are in place for the conservation of forest ecosystems across the globe. Nepal is also implementing different forest management and restoration practices and has various impacts on vegetation characteristics. This study aims to compare the richness and diversity of woody plant species, and variability in abundance of woody species assemblages in different forest management stands, viz. restored stands inside Buffer Zone Community Forest (BZCF), natural stands of BZCF and core stands of Parsa National Park. Thirty sampling plots of 30 m × 30 m were laid on each stand, maintaining at least 50 m distance between the plots, where woody plant species having height 1.5 cm was identified and their DBH measured. Species composition was assessed comparing Importance Value Index (IVI) of woody plant species across the forests. Similarly, species diversity and structural diversity across stands were determined using Shannon Diversity index and basal areas of the plant species were calculated. The study showed Shorea robusta and Lagerstroemia parviflora with highest frequency (>80%) in all the sites, and the species diversity was highest in the core stands inside the national park followed by the natural stands of BZCF, and the restored stands of BZCF. Basal area of overall species and density of S. robusta were, however, highest on the restored stands of BZCF, whereas overall density was highest in the natural stands of the BZCF. The study revealed that the forest management practices need improvement in enhancing the plant species diversity of the ecosystems. We recommend to assess the functional attributes of the different forest management stands to evaluate the effectiveness of forest management strategies.
Wildlife restoration in Nepal: tracking the conservation translocations in the country
Authors: Aryal Chandra Mani , Aryal Prakash Chandra
Published: July 2023

Negative consequences of human impacts on biodiversity are undisputable and inadequate efforts in managing biodiversity have been realized across the globe. The present biodiversity crisis, including burgeoning effects of climate change, therefore, has warranted restoration actions in place. Conservation translocation, one of the effective measures of restoration, involves the individuals of species deliberate movement from one habitat to another, particularly animal species. Nepal has been practicing the conservation translocations for more than four decades. However, details of conservation translocation events and outcomes are not well documented. This article aims to explore the status and issues of conservation translocation in Nepal. For the purpose, we reviewed seven protected area management plans and nine species conservation action plans available in public domain along with related peer reviewed journal articles. We documented the conservation translocation of Blackbuck, Gharials, Swamp deer, Greater One Horned Rhino, Elongated tortoise, Narrow Headed Soft Shell Turtle, Wild Water Buffalo and Vulture. Adoption of feeble adaptive management framework and ad hoc approach of wildlife translocation has left many rooms for improvement in the translocation strategies of Nepal. This is largely exemplified by the improvement required in Vulture Breeding Center, Swamp deer and Wild water buffalo translocations to Chitwan National Park, and Blackbuck translocation to Bardia National Park. For many species, data and information are limited to evaluate the wildlife restoration outcomes independently.
Impacts of Earthquake and Earthquake-induced Disasters on Community Forests in Nepal
Authors: Dhamala Man Kumar , Aryal Prakash Chandra , Bhandari Bikash , Kharel Kailash , Khadka Dipak
Published: July 2023

Managing the commons is a challenging issue during crisis such as earthquakes. We considered four community forests, two from Gorkha and one from each of Dolakha and Sindupalchowk districts that were major earthquake affected areas. The study made use of ecological and socioeconomic survey techniques to assess the impacts of earthquake on community forests and management status of those forests. We calculated density of seedling, sapling and tree species and diameter size distribution of trees. We also analysed the forest status changes before and after the earthquake events and distribution of timber and fire wood in the community forest user groups. Seedling, sapling and adult trees number wise regeneration status of trees was good in all the studied forest whereas DBH size class diagram were bell shaped indicating unsustainable regeneration. Most of the respondents reported poor forest management after the earthquake and wood distribution has drastically increased after the earthquake 2015. From this study it is recommended that community forest management practices should be resilient to disasters and prepare alternative solutions to lower the pressure on forest products so as to maintain sustainable regeneration of forest trees and regular supplies of resources in future.