bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descoloração dentinária proporcionada por cimentos endodônticos
Authors: Lura Arlete Barbosa , Veloso Mara Beatriz Luz , Gonçalves Natacha Kalu dos Santos Bernardes
Published: February 2023

A estética desempenha um papel importante na odontologia, e a descoloração de um único dente pode ter um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida das pessoas. A descoloração dentária é uma alteração na estrutura que provoca o escurecimento do dente, e isso pode acontecer por fatores naturais (adquiridos) ou iatrogênicos (infligidos). Dentre os materiais que podem causar a descoloração, temos os cimentos endodônticos, pois em sua composição possuem radiopacificadores que são responsáveis pela descoloração dentária. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre alteração de cor proporcionada por cimentos obturadores endodônticos. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados MedLine, PubMed, Lilacs. As palavras-chaves utilizadas para esse estudo foram: “descoloração dentária”, “cimentos endodônticos” e tratamento endodôntico” e as correspondências em inglês, “tooth discoloration", "endodontic cements" and “endodontic treatment”. A partir disso, selecionamos 68 artigos e, após leituras excluímos os que não se referiam à descoloração proporcionada especificamente pelos cimentos endodônticos. Somente 18 artigos abordavam o tema descoloração dentária por cimento endodôntico. De maneira geral todos os grupos apresentaram descoloração dentinária, variando quanto à intensidade do escurecimento observado ao longo do estudo. A literatura mostra que os cimentos endodônticos verificados na revisão acarretam em descoloração dentária. Desta maneira, a aplicação dos cimentos endodônticos não deve focar apenas na funcionalidade e nos aspectos biológicos do tratamento, mas também levar em consideração a harmonia do processo terapêutico.
Influência da mídia televisiva na alimentação de escolares: revisão de literatura integrativa
Authors: Sousa Jean Carlos Barroso de , Ribeiro Maria Laura Porto Souza , Fernandes Priscila Osório
Published: February 2023

Introdução: Os primeiros anos de vida tem uma grande influência no decorrer da vida de qualquer indivíduo. Nessa fase as escolhas alimentares e aversões são pré-estabelecidas, mas é justamente nessa etapa que as pessoas estão mais propensas às grandes influências das mídias sociais, isso muito se dá pelo fato de ser uma forma de entretenimento na qual as empresas aproveitam para expor seus alimentos e/ou produtos alimentícios, sempre fazendo o uso das melhores estratégias para atingir seu público alvo. Objetivo: Com isso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência da mídia televisiva na alimentação infantil. Metodologia:Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, na qual são abordados e comparados alguns artigos que mostram o quanto as mídias, principalmente a televisiva pode influenciar nos hábitos alimentares de crianças com idade média de 2 a 10 anos de idade. Resultados: A maior parte dos estudos abordados mostram que as crianças sofrem mudanças nos hábitos alimentares e que seus pais acabam sendo influenciados pelas mesmas. Conclusão: pode-se concluir que a mídia televisiva é uma das maiores influenciadoras nos hábitos alimentares das crianças, isso porquê as empresas divulgam seus produtos oferecendo brindes, brinquedos, descontos, exposição de personagens, dentre outros muitos artefatos utilizados para atingir seu público alvo.
Testes laboratoriais remotos em farmácias: Uma nova tendência no Brasil
Authors: Duarte Cynthia Leopoldina Rodrigues , Cipriano Rafael Rodrigues Batista , Santana Marcos Aurélio Alves de
Published: February 2023

Os Testes Laboratoriais Remotos - TLRs são substancialmente conceituados como testes laboratoriais de diagnóstico que combinam colheita, análise e disponibilização de resultados de forma prática e rápida. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar em estudos originais já publicados se os TLRs apresentam benefícios e qualidade dentro do ambiente farmacêutico com concordância, precisão e credibilidade para que o paciente veja esta nova tendência no mercado. A pesquisa foi feita através de revisão da literatura nas seguintes bases de dados online de forma sucinta: Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed e BVS Saúde. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos com disponibilidade na íntegra, em idiomas português e inglês, com data de publicação entre 2015 e 2021, utilizando-se as seguintes palavras-chave: TLRs, Farmácia e Point of Care Testing. Foram excluídas publicações cujos títulos e/ou objetivos não possuíam ligação direta com a temática ou que fugiam ao objetivo do estudo e que não se encaixavam nos critérios de inclusão deste estudo. Das publicações analisadas, 22 artigos específicos dos últimos 06 anos demonstram com detalhes, dados e resultados dos debates em torno dos TLRs. Destes, 45% (n=10), mencionaram sobre a importância da implantação dos Testes Laboratoriais Remotos em Farmácias, 41% (n=09) apresentaram os benefícios da implantação dos TLRs em Farmácias e 14% (n=03) corroboram que um controle de qualidade dos TLRs permite que as farmácias tenham condições e credibilidade junto ao sistema de saúde e aos clientes. Portanto, concluiu-se que, os fatores de implantação, benefícios e controle de qualidade dos TLRs tem grande participação na geração de um aumento da qualidade de vida dos clientes e uma projeção no papel das farmácias no contexto da saúde pública. A partir dessas averiguações pode-se propor que a partir do conhecimento dos fatores associados à adoção dos TLRs nas farmácias é possível o acolhimento de estratégias de procedimentos diferenciados para que seja obtido este processo.
La prise en charge de la personne adulte en sepsie ou en choc septique à l’urgence
Authors: Tessier William , Peguero-Rodriguez Gabriela
Published: February 2023

La prise en charge de la sepsie et du choc septique comporte plusieurs éléments à considérer. Le personnel infirmier d’urgence doit être en mesure de détecter les signes et symptômes d’une sepsie ou d’un choc septique et savoir initier promptement les interventions appropriées. Cette rapidité de détection de la sepsie ou du choc septique exerce une influence sur la morbidité et la mortalité des personnes soignées. Pour cette raison, cet article a pour objectif de synthétiser certains éléments essentiels de l’évaluation et de la surveillance infirmière des personnes en sepsie ou en choc septique confirmé ou soupçonné à l’urgence. Cet article présente 10 énoncés de type « vrai ou faux » et se veut un abrégé des lignes directrices de la Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
IN THE WAKE OF COVID-19: REFLECTING ON SOCIAL WORK’S CLIMATIC FUTURE
Authors: Leduc Timothy B.
Published: February 2023

We have moved into an era some call the Anthropocene, a time when nothing is untouched by the seeming unending expansion of modern systems (political, economic, cultural, virtual) and their inevitable global impacts. In many ways, COVID-19 intensified our awareness of this global interconnectivity not only through contact-tracing the pandemic, but also through its varied impacts on modern systems that further highlighted our ongoing dance with global and local environmental changes. The interconnected nature of our climate of change is revealing to us the partial, dualistic and ultimately limited modern worldview that continues to constrict the social justice principles our vocation of social work holds as its ideal. Something is out of balance and we need to work upon this imbalance in ways that do not deny the loss, confusion, injustices and power-grabs highlighted in the wake of COVID-19. Through approaching our climate of change in this way, we are given an opportunity to reflect on social distancing in relation to honouring boundaries, the value of slowing down modern ways of living, and the need to look more closely at our modern blocks to a sustainable future on planet Earth; in other words our climatic truth-work. In this article, I reflect on what Canadian society, the social work profession and the international community have learned (or not learned) from the pandemic about the climate of cultural change before us.
COMPRENDRE L’EXPÉRIENCE DE LA PARENTALITÉ EN CONTEXTE DU PLACEMENT PERMANENT DE SON ENFANT AUPRÈS D’UN MEMBRE DE LA FAMILLE ÉLARGIE : APERÇU TEMPOREL
Authors: Dorval Amilie
Published: February 2023

Les parents d’enfants placés sont des acteurs peu entendus, autant dans le système de protection de la jeunesse que dans la littérature scientifique les concernant. Ainsi, on en connaît très peu sur leur expérience de parentalité, et ce, malgré le contexte assez particulier dans lequel celle-ci s’opère, c’est-à-dire en l’absence de l’enfant au quotidien dans le foyer familial. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une proposition de compréhension de l’expérience de la parentalité qui tient compte de la temporalité. Les résultats présentés sont issus d’une thèse de doctorat en travail social réalisée à l’Université de Montréal et dont la collecte de données a été effectuée auprès de neuf parents d’enfants placés de façon permanente auprès d’un membre de la famille élargie (Dorval, 2022). L’ancrage théorique repose sur le modèle théorique de la parentalité proposé par Houzel (1999) et la posture méthodologique préconisée est celle du récit de vie (Bertaux, 2014). Il ressort des analyses des récits que les événements biographiques de l’histoire du parent et la notion de trajectoire sont essentiels à intégrer pour une meilleure compréhension du vécu des parents. Ces deux aspects renvoient à la notion de temporalité, un aspect incontournable de la parentalité, notamment dans le contexte du placement permanent d’un enfant.
Los tarascos ante el sacrificio humano
Authors: Martínez González Martínez González
Published: February 2023

El objetivo central del presente escrito es elucidar los principios lógicos del sacrificio humano entre los tarascos. Partimos del análisis de las fuentes documentales de los siglos XVI y XVII; en ellas, nos enfocamos en los usos de los cuerpos de las víctimas y los resultados que se desprenden del trabajo invertido en la ceremonia. Se observa, desde esta perspectiva, que si bien la oblación ritual puede interpretarse como un don o un acto de comunicación con las deidades, lo más importante es que se transfieren bienes hacia distintas clases de personas y colectivos. Concluimos, pues, que el tipo de sacrificio realizado por los habitantes del antiguo Michoacán ha de ser visto como un complejo proceso de redistribución de energía, capaz de afectar a distintos tipos de entidades. Según un principio acumulativo, este inicia con la concentración de méritos por el trabajo, continúa con la transformación de la víctima en beneficios potenciales y culmina con la dispersión de beneficios entre aliados.
Retrospective screening of serum IgG glycosylation biomarker for primary Sjögren’s syndrome using lectin microarray
Authors: Li Siting , Zeng Xiaoli , Tang Shiyi , Li Xi , Zhang Guoyuan , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng , Hu Chaojun
Published: February 2023

Background

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (PSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease resulting in significant loss of systemic gland secretory function. IgG glycosylation abnormalities had been found to play important roles in autoimmune diseases. Here, we aim to explore the specific changes of IgG glycosylation in PSS patient serum that could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Method

From 2012 to 2018, patients diagnosed with PSS or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) admitted consecutively to the department of Rheumatology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively included in this study. Glycan profiles of serum IgG from 40 PSS patients, 50 PBC patients, and 38 healthy controls were detected with lectin microarray containing 56 lectins. Lectins with significantly different signal intensity among groups were selected and validated by lectin blot assay.

Results

Lectin microarray analysis revealed that binding levels of Amaranthus Caudatus Lectin (ACL, prefers glycan Galβ3GalNAc, P = 0.011), Morniga M Lectin (MNA-M, prefers glycan mannose. P = 0.013), and Lens Culinaris Agglutinin (LCA, prefers glycan fucose) were significantly increased, while Salvia sclarea Agglutinin (SSA, prefers glycan sialylation, P = 0.001) was significantly decreased in PSS patients compared to PBC group. Compared to healthy controls, MNA-M (P = 0.001) and LCA (P = 0.028) were also significantly increased, while Phaseolus Vulgaris Erythroagglutinin and Phaseolus Vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-E and PHA-L, prefer glycan galactose, P = 0.004 and 0.006) were significantly decreased in PSS patients. The results of LCA and MNA-M were further confirmed using lectin blot assay.

Conclusion

Changes in serum IgG glycosylation in PSS increased binding levels of LCA and MNA-M lectins using microarray techniques compared to PBC patients and healthy controls, which could provide potential diagnostic value. Increased core fucose and mannose alteration of IgG may play important roles in PSS disease.
The association between physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders—a cross-sectional study of teachers
Authors: Grabara Małgorzata
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Combined with insufficient physical activity (PA) prolonged and improperly performed sedentary work can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study was (I) to evaluate the self-reported level of PA and the prevalence of MSDs in male and female teachers, and (II) to investigate the association between PA and MSDs in teachers in Polish primary and secondary schools.

Methods

The study included 254 teachers from primary and secondary schools from Upper Silesia, Poland, excluding physical education teachers. The level of PA was assessed using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). A standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess the prevalence of MSDs.

Results

A similar percentage of female (80%) and male (90%) teachers met the WHO recommendations on moderate-intensity PA. The recommendations on performing vigorous-intensity PA were met by significantly (p = 0.002) less female than male teachers (50% and 75% respectively). Lower back disorders during the last 12 months and the last 7 days (57% and 45%, respectively) were the most commonly reported MSDs by teachers, followed by neck (53%, 40%), upper back (39%, 28%), and knee disorders (37%, 26%). The highest pain intensity was experienced by the teachers in the lower back and neck. Teachers with a greater number of MSDs were less likely to engage in vigorous-intensity PA and total PA than those with fewer painful areas of the body. Pain intensity in the neck, knees, upper- and lower back, and wrists/hands was negatively related to moderate and total PA. BMI negatively correlated with total PA, moderate-intensity PA vigorous-intensity PA, and high vigorous-intensity PA.

Conclusions

The study revealed the association between PA and MSDs in studied teachers. The most of the studied teachers met the WHO recommendation, and women were less likely to perform vigorous and high-vigorous PA than men. The lower back and neck disorders were the most common among the teachers.
Estimation of Heterosis for Seed Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Desi x Desi Crosses of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Late Sown Condition
Authors: Choudhary Rekha , Jain S. K. , Jat Seema , Ola Mahaveer Prasad , Burdak Anita , Gupta Deepak
Published: February 2023

Aims: To estimate the relative heterosis & heterobeltiosis for seed yield and it’s contributing characters in chickpea. The study was conducted in chickpea for the evaluation of genetic makeup of chickpea genotypes and their further use in chickpea improvement program, information regarding their mean performance and heterosis is very helpful.

Study Design: Randomized block design (RBD) was followed.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura (SKNAU, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasathan) during rabi2019-2022.

Methodology: An investigation consisted of eight chickpea genotypes viz., RSG-888, CSJD-884, RSG-963, RSG-973, RSG-974, CSJ-515, Avrodhi and HC-5 and crossed in all possible combinationswere raised inrandomized block design (RBD) with three replications in late sown condition December, 2021.

Results: The ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) for different characters revealed that the significant mean square due to generations and parents for all the studied characters under study.The maximum relative heterosis over mid-parent was observed as 49.99 per cent (CSJ-515 × HC-5). Similarly, maximum heterosis over better parent was observed as 35.46 per cent (RSG-973 × HC-5). Therefore, these crosses were observed more heterotic as well as heterobeltiotic for seed yield per plant under late sown environment.

Conclusion: In this study additive and non additive type of gene actions were important in governing all traits studied resulting in high heterosis in selected cross combinations for seed yield per plant and attributed traits.
Total skin electron therapy vertical profiles measured using radiochromic film
Authors: Cappelletto Nicole I. C. , Shim Martin G.
Published: February 2023

Background

Vertical dose profiles of Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) electron fields are often measured using ionization chambers (ICs); however, resulting protocols are tedious and time consuming due to complex gantry arrangements, numerous point dose measurements and extra–cameral corrections. This inefficiency is reduced when using radiochromic film (RCF) dosimetry through simultaneous dose sampling and the elimination of IC‐related measurement corrections.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of RCF dosimetry for TSET vertical profile measurements and establish a novel RCF based vertical profile quality assurance protocol.

Methods

Thirty‐one vertical profiles were measured using GAFChromic® EBT‐XD RCF on two matched linear accelerators (linacs) over 1.5 years. Absolute dose was quantified using a triple channel calibration method. Two IC profiles were collected for comparison to RCF profiles. Twenty‐one archived IC measured profiles from two different matched linacs from 2006 to 2011 were analyzed. Inter‐ and intra‐profile dose variability was compared between dosimeters. The time required for the RCF and IC protocols was compared.

Results

RCF measured inter‐profile variability ranged from 0.66%–5.16% and 1.30%–3.86% for the two linacs. A 0.2%–5.4% inter‐profile variability was observed for archived IC measured profiles. RCF measured intra‐profile variability ranged from 10.0%–15.8%; six of 31 profiles exceeded the EORTC ± 10% limit. Archived IC measured profiles exhibited lower intra‐profile variability (4.5%–10.4%). RCF and IC measured profiles agreed in the center of the field; however, RCF doses measured 170–179 cm above the TSET treatment box base were ∼7% greater. Modification to the RCF phantom eliminated this discrepancy, resulting in comparable intra‐profile variability and agreeance with the ±10% limit. Measurement times were reduced from 3 h (IC protocol) to 30 min (RCF protocol).

Conclusions

RCF dosimetry improves protocol efficiency. RCF has been established as a valuable dosimeter for TSET vertical profile quantification when compared to ICs as the gold standard.
Safety and patient experience with at‐home infusion of ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Barrera Britney , Simpson Haley , Engebretson Eric , Sillau Stefan , Valdez Brooke , Parra‐González José , Winger Ryan C. , Epperson Lou Anne , Banks Ashley , Pierce Kathryn , Spotts Melanie , O'Gean Katie , Alvarez Enrique , Gross Robert , Piquet Amanda L. , Schreiner Teri , Corboy John R. , Pei Jinglan , Vollmer Timothy L. , Nair Kavita V.
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate safety (infusion‐related reactions [IRRs]) and patient satisfaction (patient‐reported outcomes [PROs]) for at‐home ocrelizumab administration for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

This open‐label study included adult patients with an MS diagnosis who had completed a ≥ 600‐mg ocrelizumab dose, had a patient‐determined disease steps score of 0 to 6 and had completed PROs. Eligible patients received a 600‐mg ocrelizumab home‐based infusion over 2 h, followed by 24‐h and 2‐week post‐infusion follow‐up calls. IRRs and adverse events (AEs) were documented during infusions and follow‐up calls. PROs were completed before and 2 weeks post infusion.

Results

Overall, 99 of 100 expected patients were included (mean [SD] age, 42.3 [7.7] years; 72.7% female; 91.9% White). The mean (SD) infusion time was 2.5 (0.6) hours, and 75.8% of patients completed their ocrelizumab infusion between 2 to 2.5 h. The IRR incidence rate was 25.3% (95% CI: 16.7%, 33.8%)—similar to other shorter ocrelizumab infusion studies—and all AEs were mild/moderate. In total, 66.7% of patients experienced AEs, including itch, fatigue, and grogginess. Patients reported significantly increased satisfaction with the at‐home infusion process and confidence in the care provided. Patients also reported a significant preference for at‐home infusion compared with prior infusion center experiences.

Interpretation

IRRs and AEs occurred at acceptable rates during in‐home infusions of ocrelizumab over a shorter infusion time. Patients reported increased confidence and comfort with the home infusion process. Findings from this study provide evidence of the safety and feasibility of home‐based ocrelizumab infusion over a shorter infusion period.
Using Powder Metallurgy and Oxide Reduction to Produce Eco‐Friendly Bulk Nanoporous Nickel
Authors: Atwater Mark A. , Corcoran Sean G.
Published: February 2023

A low cost and scalable powder‐based method for producing nanoporous Ni is demonstrated, and the only processing by‐product is water vapor. This is achieved by creating a metal–matrix composite of Ni and NiO that is then reduced under dilute hydrogen to create pure Ni with nanocrystalline structure and nanoscale porosity. The technique is demonstrated in loose powder and in thin and bulk compacts with centimeter dimensions. These compacts can withstand extensive deformation without disintegrating, performing similarly to wrought Ni in specific strength. The unique processing strategy and resulting material can be readily extended to other metals and alloys.
Gradient Origami Metamaterials for Programming Out‐of‐Plane Curvatures
Authors: Hedayati Reza , Roudbarian Nima , Tahmasiyan Sara , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: February 2023

Origami structures are a traditional Japanese art that have recently found their way into engineering applications due to their powerful capability to transform flat 2D structures into complex 3D structures along their creases. This has given a rise to their application as designer materials with unprecedented mechanical characteristics, also known as metamaterials. Herein, gradient Miura‐ori origami metamaterials are introduced as a method to preprogram out‐of‐plane curvatures. Several types of unit cell distributions in the origami lattice structure including checkered, linear gradient, concave radial gradient, convex radial gradient, and striped are considered. The results show that these distributions of Miura‐ori origami can create single‐ or double curvatures including twisting, saddling, bending, local inflation, local twisting, local bending, and wavy shapes, when the origami metamaterial is loaded in compression. All the Gaussian curvatures (negative, positive, and zero) can be achieved using the proposed models. The approach helps tailoring complex preprogrammed surface geometries by employing linearly varying gradient distributions of Miura‐ori origami.
Magnetic Field‐Assisted Laser Shock Peening of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: He Guangzhi , Qian Chengkai , Cai Zhipeng , Li Kejian , Liu Qu , Yan Jianfeng
Published: February 2023

Laser shock peening is widely used in mechanical property improvements of metallic materials. One concerning factor is the nonuniformity of mechanical properties and microstructures, such as surface hardness and grain refinement. Herein, a new strengthening strategy that integrates femtosecond laser shock peening and pulse magnetic field that can uniformize the performance of metallic materials is proposed. With the magnetic field‐assisted laser shock peening (MFLSP), the reduction of preferred‐clustering points shows uniform grain refinement with the maximum area fraction of small grains. The fabrication of uniform grain refinement is attributed to the dislocation redistribution by the release of pinning effect. With magnetic field stimulation, dislocation lines are observed to disperse from low‐angle grain boundary to the intragranular area. Dislocation behaviors stimulated by magnetic field are attributed to atomic migration. The dispersed dislocations serve as potential glide sources for grain refinement during laser‐induced plastic deformation. The enhanced grain refinement results in uniform surface hardening of metallic materials. The application of this integrated strategy with laser processing and external energy field can be used for adjusting mechanical properties of metallic materials with uniform microstructures and surface hardness.
Profilometry‐Based Indentation Plastometry for Evaluating Bulk Tensile Properties of Aluminum‐Silicon Carbide Composites
Authors: John Denny , Paul Tanaji , Mohammed Sohail M. A. K. , Seisdedos Gonzalo , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind
Published: February 2023

The need for large samples with specific geometries and the destructive nature of conventional tensile testing pose a challenge in the rapid mechanical characterization of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Herein, the efficacy of a high‐throughput profilometry‐based indentation plastometry (PIP) technique for evaluating bulk tensile properties of SiC‐reinforced aluminum MMC with minimum sample volume and preparation is investigated. Plastic properties, namely yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation up to necking (εn) in aluminum composites reinforced with 0, 17.5, and 25 vol% of SiC from PIP, are compared with uniaxial tensile tests. While PIP estimations of YS for all composites and UTS for Al‐17.5 vol% SiC are accurate within 3–6%, those of UTS in 25 vol% and εn in all composites show significant deviation from tensile test data. These deviations are attributed to the PIP overestimation of strength due to local SiC crowding beneath the indenter and the limitation of the Voce plasticity‐based FEM simulation in capturing brittle behavior of high vol% reinforcement. Herein, the high‐throughput PIP technique that can be reliably extended to MMCs with low volume (≈17.5%) of SiC reinforcements is established, thus harboring potential for advancement in the nondestructive testing of MMCs.
Ultrabroadband and Reconfigurable Transmissive Acoustic Metascreen
Authors: Fan Xudong , Zhu Yifan , Su Zihao , Li Ning , Huang Xiaolong , Kang Yang , Li Can , Weng Chunsheng , Zhang Hui , Liang Bin , Assouar Badreddine
Published: February 2023

Passive acoustic wave manipulations are severely constrained by the narrow frequency bandwidth of acoustic metastructures. In this research, an unprecedented type of reconfigurable acoustic metascreen is proposed for broadband manipulations of transmitted acoustic waves. The conceived structure is composed of uniquely designed unit cells producing the modulation of the transmitted phase shift within the full 2π range with an excellent impedance matching with the background medium. By rationally arranging the reconfigurable elements within the metascreen based on the corresponding parameter profile, different phenomena and functionalities can be easily realized. As examples, acoustic focusing and acoustic bending are presented to showcase the performance of the proposed metascreen. We indeed numerically and experimentally demonstrate the ultra‐broadband and reconfigurable features of our concept over an astonishing frequency range extending from 3 to 17 kHz, which covers the majority spectrum of the audible range of human hearing. Our work provides a unique and remarkable conceptual design of acoustic metascreen opening a promising and pragmatic route to conceive compact broadband acoustic devices, where wavefront manipulations on broadband sound signals or pulsed signals are required.
Bioinspired Flexible and Programmable Negative Stiffness Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Li Yifeng , Wang Lianchao , Yao Kaili , Ji Qingxiang , Wang Bing , Laude Vincent , Kadic Muamer
Published: February 2023

Energy‐absorbing materials are widely used under certain high‐frequency scenarios, such as cargo packaging or sport protection. Though negative stiffness mechanical metamaterials have many distinctive advantages, fairly low strength and poor specific energy absorption unfortunately limit their present industrial applications. Inspired by the excellent cushioning performance of the paw pads of mammals, a novel flexible energy‐absorbing negative stiffness mechanical metamaterial is proposed herein. Results show that the presented metamaterial outperforms traditional packaging materials with respect to cushion performance. Moreover, a performance programming strategy is proposed to achieve multistage tuning between large energy absorption and high rebound properties.
Floquet Transmission in Weyl/Multi‐Weyl and Nodal‐Line Semimetals through a Time‐Periodic Potential Well
Authors: Bera Sandip , Sekh Sajid , Mandal Ipsita
Published: February 2023

A quantum pumping protocol through which the quasiparticles of Weyl/multi‐Weyl and nodal‐line semimetals are subjected to a time‐periodic rectangular potential well is considered. The presence of an oscillating potential of frequency ω creates equispaced Floquet side‐bands with spacing . As a result, a Fano resonance is observed when the difference in the Fermi energy (i.e., the energy of the incident quasiparticle), and the energy of one of the (quasi)bound state levels of the well, coincides with the energy of an integer number of photons (each carrying energy quantum ). Using the Floquet theory and the scattering matrix approach in the zero‐temperature non‐adiabatic pumping limit, characteristic Fano resonance patterns are found in the transmission coefficients. The inflection points in the pumped shot noise spectra also serve as a proxy for the corresponding Fano resonances. Therefore, the pumped shot noise is also numerically evaluated. Finally, the existence of the Fano resonance points is correlated to the (quasi)bound states of the well, by explicitly calculating the bound states of the static well (which are a subset of the bound states of the driven system). Since semimetals with anisotropic dispersions are considered, all the features observed depend on the orientation of the potential well.
Preparation and characterization of biodegradable starch foam composite with treated Khlum fiber for food packaging
Authors: Kaewtatip Kaewta , Saepoo Thonyaporn , Sarak Sukanya , Mayakun Jaruwan , Chaibundit Chiraphon
Published: February 2023

Starch foam is a completely biodegradable material that can replace petroleum‐based foams. However, starch foams are sensitive to water and have poor mechanical properties. Khlum fiber that had been alkali‐treated for 1 h (KF‐1h) showed excellent properties as a reinforcement of starch foam. KF‐1h was added to starch at loadings of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%. The starch foam composite reinforced with 1 wt% of KF‐1h presented uniformly distributed cells of uniform size, and produced the highest values for flexural stress at maximum load (3.43 MPa), hardness (92.50), and water contact angle (122°) of the studied foams. The modulus of the starch foam composite increased with increments of KF‐1h content but the density and color of the starch foam and the biodegradation process in soil were only slightly affected. This work also demonstrated a practical application of the proposed starch foam composite as a biodegradable food container.
Curcumin intake during lactation suppresses oxidative stress through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in the kidneys of fructose‐loaded female rat offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction
Authors: Yamaoka Shin , Sasaki Kotomi , Sato Shin
Published: February 2023

Background

A high‐fructose diet causes the progression of chronic kidney disease. Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation increases oxidative stress, leading to chronic renal diseases later in life. We investigated whether curcumin intake during lactation could suppress oxidative stress and regulate NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in the kidneys of fructose‐loaded female rat offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction.

Methods

Pregnant Wistar rats received diets containing 20% (NP) or 8% (LP) casein and 0 or 2.5 g “highly absorptive curcumin” /kg diet containing‐LP diets (LP/LP or LP/Cur) during lactation. At weaning, female offspring received either distilled water (W) or 10% fructose solution (Fr) and were divided into four groups: NP/NP/W, LP/LP/W, LP/LP/Fr, and LP/Cur/Fr. At week 13, glucose (Glc), triacylglycerol (Tg), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plasma, macrophages number, fibrotic area, glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, protein expression levels of Nrf2, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in the kidneys were examined.

Results

The plasma levels of Glc, TG, and MDA, the number of macrophages, and the percentage of fibrotic area in the kidneys of the LP/Cur/Fr group were significantly lower than those of the LP/LP/Fr group. The expression of Nrf2 and its downstream molecules HO‐1 and SOD1, GSH levels, and GPx activity in the kidneys of the LP/Cur/Fr group were significantly higher than those of the LP/LP/Fr group.

Conclusions

Maternal curcumin intake during lactation may suppress oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2 expression in the kidneys of fructose‐loaded female offspring exposed to maternal protein restriction.
Clinical efficacy analysis of butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase in treating chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency
Authors: Hu Bo , Hu Feifan , Qiao Yulin
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the clinical effect of butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase in the treatment of chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency (CCCI).

Methods

A total of 102 CCCI patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. According to the different therapeutic strategy, the patients were divided into combined group (treated with butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase, n = 51) and butylphthalide group (treated with butylphthalide, n = 51). Blood flow velocity and cerebral blood flow perfusion before and after treatment between the two groups were compared. The clinical efficacy and adverse events of the two groups were analyzed.

Results

After treatment, the effective rate of the combined group was significantly higher than the butylphthalide group (p = .015). Before treatment, the blood flow velocity of middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA), basilar artery (BA) were comparable (p > .05, respectively), while after treatment, the blood flow velocity of MCA, VA, and BA in combined group were faster than those in butylphthalide group (p < .001, respectively). Before treatment, the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative mean transmit time (rMTT) of the two groups were comparable (p > .05, respectively). After treatment, rCBF and rCBV in combined group were higher than those in butylphthalide group (p < .001, respectively), and rMTT in combined group was lower than that in butylphthalide group (p = .001). The rate of adverse events in the two groups were comparable (p = .558).

Conclusion

Butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase can improve the clinical symptoms of CCCI patients, and the effect is promising, which is worthy of clinical application.
Novel treatment approach of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia with use of Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Goldberg Adam S. , Fatahzadeh Mahnaz , Bortnik Volha , Drew Howard
Published: February 2023

Introduction

This article describes the management of two patients who presented with localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia. This disease entity is poorly understood, and literature regarding successful treatment is scant. However, there are common themes to management including proper diagnosis and treatment via removal of the affected tissue. The biopsy demonstrates intercellular edema and neutrophil infiltrate with epithelial and connective tissue disease components, so surgical deepithelialization may not be adequate to definitively treat the disease.

Methods and Results

This article presents two cases of the disease and suggests the use of the Nd:YAG laser as an alternative management modality.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, we present the first cases of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia treated with the Nd:YAG laser.

Key points

Why are these cases new information?

To our knowledge, this case series illustrates the first use of an Nd:YAG laser to treat the rare pathology localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia.

What are the keys to successful management of these cases?

To properly manage this rare presentation, proper diagnosis is paramount. Following diagnosis with microscopic evaluation, deepithelialization and treatment of underlying connective tissue infiltrate via the Nd:YAG laser offers an elegant option to treat the pathology and maintain esthetic outcomes.

What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?

The primary limitations of these cases include the small sample size, which is attributable to the rarity of the disease.
Cell Wall‐Denaturing Molecules for Plant Gene Modification
Authors: Naka Risa , Tsuchiya Kousuke , Numata Keiji
Published: February 2023

Zwitterionic molecules, such as zwitterionic liquids (ZILs) and polypeptides (ZIPs), are attracting attention for application in new methods that can be used to loosen tight cell wall networks in a biocompatible manner. These novel methods can enhance the cell wall permeability of nanocarriers and increase their transfection efficiency into targeted subcellular organelles in plants. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent progress and future perspectives of such molecules that function as boosters for cell wall‐penetrating nanocarriers.
Revealing the Impact of Different Iron‐Based Precursors on the ‘Catalytic’ Graphitization for Synthesis of Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Frankenstein Lars , Glomb Pascal , Ramirez‐Rico Joaquin , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Gomez‐Martin Aurora
Published: February 2023

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Martin Winter from the MEET Battery Research Center (University of Münster, Germany). The cover picture shows two battery‐shaped coffee cups filled with coffee. In addition, the scientists (represented by gloved hands) have added both pure iron and an iron solution to the cups. The left cup filled with iron is highly energetic and strikes sparks, indicating better electrochemical performance and crystallinity than the right cup filled with the iron solution. The impact of activator addition prior to ‘catalytic’ graphitization and its effect on material and electrochemical properties is systematically investigated. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202201073.
Patient‐centered outcomes in the POLO study of active maintenance olaparib for germline BRCA‐mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kindler Hedy L. , Yoo Hyun Kyoo , Hettle Robert , Cui Karen Y. , Joo Seongjung , Locker Gershon Y. , Golan Talia
Published: February 2023

Background

The phase 3 POLO study demonstrated a significant progression‐free survival (PFS) benefit and preserved health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) for active maintenance treatment with olaparib vs placebo in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. Here, we present a post hoc analysis of the patient‐centered outcomes: time without significant symptoms of disease progression or toxicity (TWiST) and quality‐adjusted TWiST (Q‐TWiST).

Methods

Patients were randomized 3:2 to maintenance olaparib (300 mg tablets twice daily) or placebo. Overall survival time was divided into TWiST, toxicity (TOX; time before disease progression with significant symptoms of toxicity), and relapse (REL; time after disease progression until death or censoring). Q‐TWiST was the sum of TWiST, TOX, and REL, each weighted by HRQOL utility scores during the relevant health‐state period. A base‐case and three sensitivity analyses were performed using differing definitions of TOX.

Results

In total, 154 patients were randomized (olaparib, n = 92; placebo, n = 62). TWiST was significantly longer for olaparib than placebo in the base‐case analysis (14.6 vs 7.1 months; 95% CI, 2.9–12.0; p = .001) and all sensitivity analyses. No statistically significant benefit for Q‐TWiST was observed in the base‐case analysis (18.4 vs 15.9 months; 95% CI, −1.1 to 6.1; p = .171) or the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

These results support the previous findings that maintenance olaparib significantly improves PFS relative to placebo without compromising HRQOL and demonstrate that the clinically meaningful benefits of olaparib persist even when symptoms of toxicity are considered.
Genetic diversity of colonial bentgrass Agrostis capillaris based on simple sequence repeat markers and high‐resolution melt analysis with haplotype scoring
Authors: Warnke Scott E. , Barnaby Jinyoung Y.
Published: February 2023

Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris) is a tetraploid rhizomatous bentgrass that generally exhibits improved resistance to the important fungal disease dollar spot and has more tolerance to water‐deficit stress than the more widely grown creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Interspecific hybridization between these two species is possible and efforts to understand the genetic mechanisms of enhanced biotic and abiotic stress resistance in colonial bentgrass are proceeding. To gain a better understanding of the level of genetic diversity in cultivated colonial bentgrasses and to determine if genotypes with improved interspecific hybridization potential can be identified, nine colonial bentgrass cultivars and one creeping bentgrass cultivar were screened with 48 colonial bentgrass‐derived simple sequence repeat markers. Twenty‐one primer pairs were found to produce reliable amplification, and these markers were scored using high‐resolution melt analysis to generate haplotypes that were used to evaluate cultivar relationships. The nine colonial bentgrass cultivars could be placed into two groups and overall showed limited levels of diversity. The creeping bentgrass cultivar was distinct and individual genotypes within each species exhibited haplotypes more common in the alternate species, suggesting that these markers may be useful for selecting genotypes with enhanced interspecific hybridization potential.
Genomic insights into the NPGS intermediate wheatgrass germplasm collection
Authors: Crain Jared , Larson Steve , Sthapit Sajal , Jensen Kevin , Poland Jesse , Dorn Kevin , Thomas Aaron , DeHaan Lee
Published: February 2023

The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) is a vital resource for genetic diversity, yet utilization of this resource requires a thorough understanding of the germplasm and genetic diversity. Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium) is a perennial grass species that has been improved for forage production through breeding utilizing the NPGS collection and has also been targeted for domestication as a perennial grain crop. To better characterize the IWG collection, we combined previously published forage data with new agronomic and genomic data. A total of 331 NPGS accessions were genomically profiled with genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was used to evaluate trait architecture. Along with the GWAS, in silico bulk samples were profiled by recoding GBS data to conduct association mapping through allele counting with extreme‐phenotype (XP)‐GWAS. Genomic analysis revealed two subpopulations, which were defined as European and Asian groups, and are differentiated around the Black Sea region. Phenotypic observations for forage and agronomic traits differed between the two groups (p < 0.05), even though greater than 70% of the genetic variance was partitioned within individual accessions. Finally, XP‐GWAS revealed 303 marker–trait associations for five agronomic and four forage traits. These results suggest that genetic diversity within the NPGS collection should lead to genetic gains for both forage and grain breeding as well as opportunities for breeding programs to enhance genetic diversity. More broadly, the methods we applied could be applicable to low‐resourced species, leveraging existing, and new data, to strengthen genetic characterization and breeding efficiency.
Seasonal plasticity in morphology and metabolism differs between migratory North American and resident Costa Rican monarch butterflies
Authors: Tenger‐Trolander Ayşe , Julick Cole R. , Lu Wei , Green Delbert André , Montooth Kristi L. , Kronforst Marcus R.
Published: February 2023

Environmental heterogeneity in temperate latitudes is expected to maintain seasonally plastic life‐history strategies that include the tuning of morphologies and metabolism that support overwintering. For species that have expanded their ranges into tropical latitudes, it is unclear the extent to which the capacity for plasticity will be maintained or will erode with disuse. The migratory generations of the North American (NA) monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus lead distinctly different lives from their summer generation NA parents and their tropical descendants living in Costa Rica (CR). NA migratory monarchs postpone reproduction, travel thousands of kilometers south to overwinter in Mexico, and subsist on little food for months. Whether recently dispersed populations of monarchs such as those in Costa Rica, which are no longer subject to selection imposed by migration, retain ancestral seasonal plasticity is unclear. To investigate the differences in seasonal plasticity, we reared the NA and CR monarchs in summer and autumn in Illinois, USA, and measured the seasonal reaction norms for aspects of morphology and metabolism related to flight. NA monarchs were seasonally plastic in forewing and thorax size, increasing wing area and thorax to body mass ratio in autumn. While CR monarchs increased thorax mass in autumn, they did not increase the area of the forewing. NA monarchs maintained similar resting and maximal flight metabolic rates across seasons. However, CR monarchs had elevated metabolic rates in autumn. Our findings suggest that the recent expansion of monarchs into habitats that support year‐round breeding may be accompanied by (1) the loss of some aspects of morphological plasticity as well as (2) the underlying physiological mechanisms that maintain metabolic homeostasis in the face of temperature heterogeneity.