bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding behavior of yellowfin tuna around two insular regions of the western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Martins Karla , Niella Yuri , Albuquerque Fernanda , Eduardo Leandro Nolé , Oliveira Paulo , Travassos Paulo
Published: January 2024

The yellowfin tuna is a very abundant tropical tuna species in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean and an important fishery resource for the Brazilian tuna fleet. In this study we performed stable isotope analysis to better understand the spatial trophodynamics and dietary changes in yellowfin tuna around two insular marine protected areas in Brazil. A total of 65 yellowfin tuna specimens measuring between 47 and 138 cm LT (total length) were sampled around the archipelagos of Fernando de Noronha (FNA; n = 34) and Saint Peter and Saint Paul (SPSPA; n = 31) between July 2018 and September 2019. Bayesian mixing models and generalized additive models were used to investigate the contributions of four different prey items (zooplankton, cephalopods, fish larvae, and flying fish) to yellowfin tuna diet in each area and their potential changes in relation to predator growth. The four prey items were found to have different overall contributions between the two studied areas, with zooplankton being the most important prey in FNA, whereas flying fish was the most relevant prey to the species' diet in SPSPA. Significant changes in the species diet by size were also found, with fish smaller than 90 cm (TL) having a more generalist diet and larger animals relying more on consuming larger and more nutritious prey (i.e., flying fish). Our results suggest that these two marine protected areas play an important role in ocean dynamics, providing important and different foraging grounds for the development of this predator species.
A proof of concept: Clinical anti‐aging efficacy and safety of Lactiplantibacillus plantarumLB244R® applied topically in a double‐blinded placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Elvebakken Helena Falholt , Christensen Ida Blomquist , Vedel Charlotte , Kjærulff Søren
Published: January 2024

Background

With the increasing age of the westernized population, there is also increasing economic and aesthetic interest in reducing the signs of skin aging. Additionally, the physical aspect of aging can be displeasing and have detrimental effects psychologically in individuals. Probiotics have shown potential as anti‐aging agents, albeit proper studies are needed to confirm their potential.

Aims

Proving that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB244R® could alleviate aging signs relative to its placebo vehicle.

Patients/Methods

In total, 46 subjects were randomly assigned either the ointment with live bacteria, L. plantarum LB244R® or its vehicle ointment, and had to use the assigned ointment twice daily for 56 days. On Day 0, Day 28, and Day 56 subepidermal low echogenic band (SLEB) thickness, dermal density, skin firmness and elasticity, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, collagen fiber visualization using confocal microscopy, Crow's feet, spot score, skin smoothness, and complexion radiance were assessed by dermatologists.

Results

All parameters except TEWL improved relative to their baseline (D0) for the active group. L. plantarum LB244R® improved SLEB thickness, dermal density, skin elasticity, skin hydration, and Crow's feet wrinkle score relative to the placebo vehicle ointment.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates an anti‐aging effect of L. plantarum LB244R® for topical skin use in the first double‐blinded, vehicle‐ointment placebo‐controlled clinical study.
Molecular characterizations of Verticillium dahliae isolates from grafted tomatoes grown in Antalya province of Türkiye
Authors: Akar Hasan , Cat Ahmet , Catal Mursel
Published: January 2024

Verticillium wilt caused by soil‐borne fungus Verticillium dahliae results in serious quality, yield and economic losses in tomato fruit production in tomato‐growing areas around the world. In this study, V. dahliae isolates obtained from six different major grafted tomato production areas in Antalya province of Türkiye were characterized for races, pathotypes and vegetative compatibility groups using the specific PCR primers. Out of 66 isolates, 60 were determined to be race 2. Six isolates were not identified as race 1 or race 2. Fifty‐six isolates were determined as defoliating pathotypes (D) while 10 isolates were identified as non‐defoliating (ND) pathotypes. The isolates were clustered into four vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs): VCG1A (61), VCG2A or VCG4B (3), VCG2B (1) and VCG6 (1). According to the results of this study, the race 2, D pathotype and VCG1A isolates were dominant and widely distributed in the region. Additionally, the V. dahliae isolates fall into two major groups based on the dendrogram constructed from molecular data by Dice similarity index. The dendrogram showed significant diversity among the V. dahliae isolates particularly in the Elmalı region compared to other regions. The study is the first comprehensive research with the current disease and race 2 was identified for the first time in grafted tomatoes. These findings will lead to the development of V. dahliae‐resistant grafted tomatoes and breeding programs in Türkiye.
Comparison between combination of tamsulosin and Pentoxifylline versus tamsulosin alone in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostate hyperplasia: A preliminary study
Authors: Shirazi Mehdi , Dehghanmanshadi Alireza , Sadr Soroush , Jahanabadi Zahra
Published: January 2024

Background

In older adults, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is prevalent, primarily due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). These patients' lower urinary tract symptoms can be treated surgically and with medical therapy. Compared to standard treatment with tamsulosin, Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, could benefit patients with BOO due to its properties on microcirculatory blood flow and oxygenation of ischemic tissues. Hence, this trial intended to study the efficacy of Pentoxifylline combined with tamsulosin in treating BOO patients.

Materials and Methods

This randomized, double‐blind clinical trial recruited 60 patients with BPH from a single center in 2022. Upon consent of patients meeting the eligibility criteria, they were randomly allocated to intervention (Pentoxifylline + tamsulosin) and control (placebo + tamsulosin) groups. The patients were evaluated for international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) by uroflowmetry, and post‐void residual volume (PVR) by abdominal sonography at the onset of the study and after the 12th week.

Results

Patients who used the combination therapy had significantly better results of prostate symptoms and quality of life improvement (IPSS: −36.6%, QoL: −45.3%) compared to patients who received tamsulosin alone (IPSS: −21.2%, QoL: −27.7%) (p < .001). Also, this study shows that the improvement in maximum urinary flow rate and residual volume by combination therapy is significantly higher (Qmax: +42.5%, PVR: −42.6%) compared to monotherapy (Qmax: +25.1%, PVR: −26.1%) (p < .001).

Conclusion

When combined with tamsulosin, Pentoxifylline could significantly improve the lower urinary symptoms of BPH patients. It is well tolerated, and the treatment outcomes are better in patients who receive the combination of Pentoxifylline and tamsulosin than those who only receive tamsulosin.
Dense collection areas and terrestrial alteration of meteorites in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Pinto Gabriel A. , Tavernier Adrien , Gattacceca Jérôme , Corgne Alexandre , Valenzuela Millarca , Luais Béatrice , Flores Laura , Olivares Felipe , Marrocchi Yves
Published: January 2024

In the last 15 years, more than 2700 meteorites have been recovered and officially classified from the Atacama Desert. Although the number of meteorites collected in the Atacama has risen, the physical and climatic properties of the dense collection areas (DCAs) have not been fully characterized. In this article, we compiled the published data of all classified meteorites found in the Atacama Desert to (i) describe the distribution by meteorite groups, (ii) compare the weathering degree of chondrites among different Atacama DCAs and other hot and cold deserts, and (iii) determine the preservation conditions of chondrites in the main Atacama DCAs in relation with the local climatic conditions. The 35 DCAs so far identified in the Atacama Desert are located in three main morphotectonic units: The Coastal Range (CR), Central Depression (CD), and Pre‐Andean Range/Basement. A comparison with reported weathering data from other cold and hot deserts indicates that the mean terrestrial weathering of Atacama chondrites (W1–2), displays less alteration than other hot deserts (W2–3) and resembles the weathering distribution of the Antarctic meteorites (W1–2). The highest abundance of Atacama chondrites with low weathering (≤W2) is localized in the CD (78.8%, N = 1435), which is protected from the coastal fog influence and seasonal rainfalls and displays the oldest surfaces in the Atacama Desert. The morphogenetic classification based on present‐day temperatures and precipitations of the main Atacama DCAs reveals similar regional/subregional climatic conditions in the most productive areas and a truly productive surface for meteorite recovery between 5% and 58% of the quadrangles formally defined for each Atacama DCA. Our morphogenetic classification lacks consideration of some meteorological parameters such as the coastal fog, so it cannot fully explain the differences in weathering patterns among CR chondrites. Future studies of chondrite preservation in the Atacama DCAs should consider other meteorological variables such as relative humidity, specific humidity, or dew point, in combination with exposure ages of meteorites and its surfaces.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction as assessed by multimodal diagnostic imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is related to the severity of cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Tran Tien Vuong , Djaileb Loic , Riou Laurent , Lantuejoul Lea Ruez , Giai Joris , Barone‐Rochette Gilles
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) plays a major role in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) physiopathology but its assessment in clinical practice remains a challenge. Nowadays, innovations in invasive and noninvasive coronary evaluation using multimodal imaging provide options for the diagnosis of CMD. The objective of the present study was to investigate if new multimodal imaging diagnosis of CMD could detect HCM patients with more impaired cardiac function by left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI).

Methods and Results

A total of 32 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCM (62 ± 13 years, 62% men) were prospectively screened for CMD using a multimodal imaging method. LACI was assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Fifteen (47%) patients had CMD by multimodal imaging method. Patients with CMD presented a significantly higher LACI (48.5 ± 25.4 vs. 32.5 ± 10.6, p = .03). A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CMD was independently associated with LACI (OR = 1.069, 95% CI 1.00–1.135, p = .03).

Conclusion

Multimodal imaging diagnosis of CMD is applicable to HCM patients and is associated with more impaired cardiac function.
The shapeshifting Helicobacter pylori: From a corkscrew to a ball
Authors: Cheng Thimoro , Boneca Ivo Gomperts
Published: January 2024

There is growing evidence that bacterial morphology is closely related to their lifestyle. The helical Helicobacter pylori relies on its unique shape for survival and efficient colonization of the human stomach. Yet, they have been observed to transform into another distinctive morphology, the spherical coccoid. Despite being hypothesized to be involved in the persistence and transmission of this species, years of effort in deciphering the roles of the coccoid form remain fruitless since contrasting observations regarding its lifestyle were reported. Here, we discuss the two forms of H. pylori with a focus on the coccoid form, the molecular mechanism behind its morphological transformation, and experimental approaches to further develop our understanding of this phenomenon. We also propose a putative mechanism of the coccoid formation in H. pylori through induction of a type‐I toxin‐antitoxin (TA) system recently shown to influence the morphology of this species.
Radicalization to the right, secular (ish) pandemic politics and the normalization of the Greek Cypriot far right
Authors: Katsourides Yiannos , Savvides Leandros
Published: January 2024

One of the many dimensions of the global tussle surrounding the Covid‐19 pandemic has been the rise of right‐wing radicalization. In this article, we investigate whether the pandemic offered an opportunity for the Greek Cypriot far‐right party, ELAM, to increase its visibility as an opposition force and in what ways. We also explore the transformations in populist rhetoric and practices in the Republic of Cyprus, seeking to identify patterns of persistence and evolution, particularly in how they handle scientific matters in their political stances. Similarly, we delve into the impact of far‐right populist politics on the political dynamics in Cyprus. Our findings indicate that pandemic politics were not the exclusive or primary factor in the normalization of the far right but rather served as an accelerator of preexisting trends. The party's handling of the pandemic and scientific principles signifies the diversity within the far‐right phenomenon rather than pointing to a universal pattern.
The Yugoslav War that was not theirs: The case of national minority millennials
Authors: Lendák‐Kabók Karolina
Published: January 2024

This paper delves into the experiences of ethnic Hungarian millennials in Vojvodina, Serbia, who came of age during the tumultuous Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s. Despite their non‐involvement in the conflict, they grappled with substantial challenges arising from surging nationalism that impacted both society and their personal lives. The study illuminates the unexplored suffering of members of this demographic and the enduring aftermath of their war‐time encounters. Utilising qualitative interviews and a literature review on nationalism and the Yugoslav Wars, this research reconstructs the perceptions of ethnic minority millennials regarding the nationalistic atmosphere in which they grew up. It delves into their unexpected entanglement with the conflict and its profound consequences on their wellbeing, families and social dynamics. Despite their community's non‐participatory stance, this study unveils the concealed wounds of war‐induced trauma and their broader implications. The main value of the paper is that it shows how ethnic minority millennials were drawn into the conflict and how they have been impacted by it despite not being the war's main protagonists.
Comprehensive analysis of the 2R‐MYB family in Nicotiana tabacum and functional characterization of NtMYB35 in pigment metabolism
Authors: Liu Che , Cao Dejun , Chu Xiaomeng , Zhang Wenhan , Zhang Songtao , Jia Hongfang , Yang Yongxia
Published: January 2024

MYB transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, metabolic regulation, and stress responses. In the current study, 258 2R‐MYB TFs were identified in Nicotiana tabacum and systemically analyzed. The 2R‐NtMYB TFs were unevenly distributed on 23 chromosomes and were classified into 33 subgroups according to the Arabidopsis thaliana 2R‐MYB classification. The promoters of the 2R‐NtMYB harbor numerous potential cis‐acting elements involved in plant growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, and stress responsiveness. Chip‐based expression profiling of different tissues and growth stages revealed that the 2R‐NtMYBs showed constitutive or spatiotemporally specific expressions. RNA‐sequencing data indicated that some 2R‐NtMYBs, including NtMYB16, NtMYB27, NtMYB35, and NtMYB170, are involved in the response to one or several abiotic and biotic stresses, namely drought and resistance to black shank and bacterial wilt. Quantitative PCR results further revealed that NtMYBs respond to different hormones (abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid) and confirmed their involvement in abiotic stress responses like heat, drought, and salt. NtMYB35 overexpression and mutant lines generated using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing were used to verify the important role of NtMYB35 in regulating tobacco growth, pigment metabolism, and aphid resistance. These results provide a detailed overview of this TF family in N. tabacum and valuable insights for future functional analyses of NtMYB TFs.
Effects of fat loss and low energy availability on the serum cardiometabolic profile of physique athletes
Authors: Jouhki I. , Sarin H. V. , Jauhiainen M. , O’Connell T. M. , Isola V. , Ahtiainen J. P. , Hulmi J. J. , Perola M.
Published: January 2024

Low energy availability (LEA) is a health concern for athletes, although it may paradoxically lead to improved cardiometabolic health in the general population. We investigated the associations between LEA, body composition, and serum cardiometabolic profile in 23 physique athletes (DIET) and 21 controls (CONT) during a 5‐month pre‐competition diet (MID), followed by 1 week of increased energy availability (COMP) and a 5‐month weight regain period (POST). Quantification of 250 serum metabolome variables was conducted by NMR spectroscopy, body composition by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, dietary intake by food diaries, and exercise levels by training logs. Body fat percentage decreased from 19.5 ± 7.0% to 8.3 ± 5.3% (p < 0.001) in DIET through increased exercise levels and decreased energy intake, while CONT maintained those constant. In MID, DIET had increased (FDR < 0.01) HDL cholesterol, HDL particle size and number, and decreased (FDR < 0.05) VLDL lipids, serum triglycerides, and low‐grade inflammation (glycoprotein acetyls) compared to baseline and CONT. The changes were associated with reduced android fat mass (‐78 ± 13%) and energy intake (‐28 ± 10%). In COMP, most of the metabolic changes found in MID persisted, except for altered triglycerides in all lipoprotein classes. After weight regain in POST, serum metabolome, body composition, energy intake, and exercise levels had reverted to baseline levels. In conclusion, fat loss and LEA may have beneficial yet transient effects on the serum cardiometabolic profile of lean individuals. Especially the HDL lipidome and lipoprotein triglycerides offer potential novel biomarkers for detecting LEA in athletes.
Quantitative analysis of age‐related changes in vascular structure, oxygen saturation, and epidermal melanin structure using photoacoustic methods
Authors: Mizukoshi Koji , Iwazaki Hideaki , Ida Taiichiro
Published: January 2024

Background

Vascular structure, blood oxygen saturation, and melanin status of the epidermis are chromophore factors related to light absorption. Therefore, they are likely to be related to skin appearance. Thus, it is important to measure these internal skin features and understand their characteristics. Thus, we aimed to analyze the individual differences and aging changes in the skin by measuring the internal skin characteristics, such as vascular structure, oxygen saturation, and the 3D distribution of melanin in the epidermis, using a noninvasive photoacoustic (PA) measurement method.

Materials and Methods

A PA measurement device was used as a noninvasive measurement method. Eighty Japanese women aged between 20 and 60 years were enrolled. The target area was the buccal region of the face.

Results

The blood vessel structure showed a decrease in fine vessels with age, with a stronger tendency observed in the dermis layer, and the volume of blood vessels was larger in the dermis layer than in the dermal–subcutaneous fat boundary layer. Oxygen saturation showed a similar decreasing trend with age in all depths examined. Melanin condition as the torus‐like pattern structure tended to increase with age.

Conclusion

PA measurements revealed the characteristics of several chromophores, providing a new skin aging mechanism.
Effect of cold atmospheric plasma on changing of biomolecular structures involved in apoptosis pathways of melanoma cancer
Authors: Yazdani Zahra , Pasandi Marzieh Sharifi , Golpour Monireh , Eslami Mina , Rafiei Alireza
Published: January 2024

Background

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is a technology based on non‐thermal ionized gas that is used for cancer therapy in research. We evaluated the effect of CAP on malignant melanoma cancer cell line (B16) in comparison with normal cells (L929).

Methods

The effect of CAP on the cytotoxicity of B16 and L929 cell lines was assayed by the MTT method and inverted microscopy. The induction of apoptosis in cells was evaluated using a fluorescence microscope. FTIR monitored the CAP effect in biomacromolecules changes in these cell lines. QPCR assayed gene expression of BAX, BCL‐2, and Caspase‐3 (CASP‐3).

Results

The results of the MTT test showed CAP has a cytotoxic effect on the B16 cancer cell line more than L929 normal cells (p < 0.0001). The results of invert and fluorescence microscopy showed CAP‐induced apoptotic morphology on cancerous cells. FTIR spectroscopy indicated CAP changes biomacromolecules structure. Evaluation of gene expression showed CAP increased BAX and CASP‐3 gene expression. Also, it decreased BCL‐2 gene expression.

Conclusions

Taken together, CAP may change biomacromolecule structures involved in apoptosis pathways, decrease proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
Glutamic‐acid grafted hyaluronic acid inhibits inflammatory factors via fibroblast and skin model tests
Authors: Jiang Fang‐ru , Wang Song , Han Dong , Wei Jian , Wu Ya‐nan , Liu Zhe
Published: January 2024

Background

Excessive inflammation may cause tissue damage and disrupt the function of the skin barrier. Hyaluronic acid (HA), an endogenous component, was found to regulate multiple inflammatory factors for skin health. This work aims to further enhance its efficacy by grafting amino acid onto its molecule.

Methods

Glutamic acid (Glu) was selected as the ligand to react with low‐molecular‐weight HA. Fibroblast tests and a 3D skin model were used to investigate the anti‐inflammation efficacy of HA‐Glu.

Results

For IL‐1α, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, the grafted compound presents stronger inhibition ability versus native HA. Moreover, HA‐Glu could promote the repair of damaged skin by improving the compactness of the stratum corneum and increasing the thickness of the living cell layer.

Conclusion

The application of HA‐Glu compound in skin care formulas would be effective to alleviate inflammation‐induced skin symptoms and skin aging.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography of eyelid margin growths: A case series
Authors: Verzì Anna Elisa , Russo Andrea , Castellino Niccolò , Caltabiano Rosario , Fallico Matteo , Cappellani Francesco , Micali Giuseppe , Lacarrubba Francesco
Published: January 2024

Background

The clinical differential diagnosis of lesions arising on the eyelid margin may be challenging and an unneeded surgical approach may have serious functional and aesthetic consequences. Nonetheless, early recognition and treatment of malignant tumors of the eyelid margin is mandatory. Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a novel tool for the in vivo, real‐time skin imaging.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the LC‐OCT features of a series of eyelid margin growths and to correlate these features with the histopathological findings.

Methods

Patients with eyelid margin growths who were scheduled for lesion excision underwent LC‐OCT examination. Inclusion criteria were a challenging clinical aspect of the lesions and a clinical history of recent onset (up to 12 months). In all cases, the histopathological examination of the excised lesions was performed for the final diagnosis.

Results

A total of 31 lesions located on the upper (13 cases) or lower (18 cases) eyelid margin from 28 consecutive patients (male = 15, female = 13; mean age: 64.7 years, range: 44–87 years) were evaluated and excised. The histopathologic diagnoses were nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (nine cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (three cases), compound nevus (four cases), dermal nevus (two cases), seborrheic keratosis (four cases), pyogenic granuloma (one case), trichilemmal cyst (three cases), and hidrocystoma (five cases). LC‐OCT allowed the in vivo recognition of the main microscopic features of the examined lesions.

Conclusions

LC‐OCT represents a promising tool for the evaluation of eyelid margin lesions. Advantages of non‐invasive diagnosis particularly relevant in such a sensitive region include a more correct planning of the treatment and, in case of surgery, the most appropriate surgical approach and, importantly, a correct timing of intervention.
Longitudinal intraocular pressure measurements in Whooping cranes (Grus americana) and Mississippi‐Sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pulla)
Authors: Garcés Torres Rodrigo S. , Carter Renee T. , Gafen Hannah B. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Lewin Andrew C. , MacLean Robert A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess intraocular pressure (IOP) development in cranes and determine the impact of age, weight, species, head position, and sex.

Animals Studied

Whooping cranes (WC) (Grus americana), and Mississippi‐sandhill cranes (MSC) (Grus canadensis pulla).

Procedures

Chicks were manually restrained on days 1–3, 7, 21, 35, 60, 75, and 120 for routine examinations. IOP was opportunistically measured utilizing the Tonovet Plus® in D setting with the head above the heart (AH) and below the heart (BH). Values were also obtained longitudinally in adults (>120 days old) upon presentation in 1 year.

Results

Intraocular pressure was highly correlated with age and weight in chicks. For every kilogram gained, IOP increased 2.46 ± 0.08 mmHg in WC and 2.66 ± 0.11 mmHg in MSC. Once hatched, IOP increased 1.13 ± 0.04 mmHg in WC and 0.87 ± 0.04 mmHg in MSC every 10 days. IOP was similar to adults at 120 days of age. In adult WC, mean IOP AH was 24.0 ± 0.4 mmHg, and BH was 27.9 ± 0.4 mmHg, there was a significant difference regarding head positioning and sex, females (25.3 ± 0.4 mm Hg) had lower IOP than males (26.5 ± 0.4 mmHg). In adult MSC, mean IOP AH was 20.7 ± 0.4 mmHg, and BH was 24.6 ± 0.4 mmHg. The difference between head positioning was significant.

Conclusions

This study documents the correlation between IOP and weight or age during early development in cranes, as well as the importance of head positioning.
Patient‐tailored platelet transfusion practices for children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Schiller Ofer , Pula Giulia , Shostak Eran , Manor‐Shulman Orit , Frenkel Georgy , Amir Gabriel , Yacobovich Joanne , Nellis Marianne E. , Dagan Ovadia
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) serves as cardiopulmonary therapy in critically ill patients with respiratory/heart failure and often necessitates multiple blood product transfusions. The administration of platelet transfusions during ECMO is triggered by the presence or risk of significant bleeding. Most paediatric ECMO programmes follow guidelines that recommend a platelet transfusion threshold of 80–100 × 109/L. To reduce exposure to platelets, we developed a practice to dynamically lower the threshold to ~20 × 109/L. We describe our experience with patient‐tailored platelet thresholds and related bleeding outcomes.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated our platelet transfusion policy, bleeding complications and patient outcome in 229 ECMO‐supported paediatric patients in our unit.

Results

We found that more than 97.4% of patients had a platelet count <100 × 109/L at some point during their ECMO course. Platelets were transfused only on 28.5% of ECMO days; and 19.2% of patients never required a platelet transfusion. The median lowest platelet count in children who had bleeding events was 25 × 109/L as compared to 33 × 109/L in children who did not bleed (p < 0.001). Our patients received fewer platelet transfusions and did not require more red blood cell transfusions, nor did they experience more haemorrhagic complications.

Conclusion

We have shown that a restrictive, ‘patient‐tailored’ rather than ‘goal‐directed’ platelet transfusion policy is feasible and safe, which can greatly reduce the use of platelet products. Although there was a difference in the lowest platelet counts in children who bled versus those who did not, the median counts were much lower than current recommendations.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISATION OF PANTOGRAPH SLIDES FOR RAILWAY APPLICATIONS: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Mohamed Fadzil Fazira , Hyie Koay Mei , Selamat Mohd. Asri
Published: January 2024

High-speed railways have transformed global transportation, leading to increased economic activity and reduced congestion. Railway development is surging in Asia, encompassing upgrades to existing lines and the construction of new high-speed railways. This article explores the materials, processes, and properties of pantograph slides. A pantograph slide is an important component of top-running rails that enables the transmission of electrical energy from traction substations to moving trains. This review presents the evolution of pantograph slide materials, such as metal slide plates, pure carbon slides, powder metallurgy slides, metal-impregnated slides, and composite slides. The characterisations of pantograph slide properties, such as density, resistivity, hardness, impact, and flexural properties are also reported. This article delves into the utilisation of local materials, particularly carbon derived from palm kernel shells and coconut shells, as well as graphene from petroleum coke, for the development of current collectors. These findings may contribute to the understanding of pantograph slide materials and provide insights into the potential use of sustainable materials in high-speed railway systems.
EXAMINING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF COURSE AND PROGRAM OUTCOMES FOR THE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS COURSE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Othman R. , Aziz M.R. , Shah A.M.
Published: January 2024

The pandemic due to Covid-19 in 2020 had a substantial impact on teaching and learning of educational courses, including lectures, labs, workshops, and assessments. In this study, Strength of Materials course was selected in analyzing the achievement of program and course outcomes during the pandemic. This course is a mechanical engineering core course for all students enrolling Diploma in Mechanical Engineering at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Penang Branch. Three course outcomes were mapped to three program outcomes respectively. The findings revealed that there were variations in the attainment of all course outcomes particularly the outcome related to higher cognitive domain. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pandemic has influenced the overall achievement of course and program outcomes in Strength of Materials course.
EFFECT OF CAVITY VOLUME ON COOLING PERFORMANCE OF SYNTHETIC JET DEVICE
Authors: Ismail Hazimi , Fadzli Aizat , Zubair Ahmad Faiz , Abd Manap Muhammad Faris , Yusoff Hamid , Sh Abdul Nasir Sh Mohd Firdaus
Published: January 2024

Dissipating heat in a small space is a significant limitation that may cause overheating in electronic devices.  A synthetic jet refers to a cooling system that does not require a fan and instead relies on the intake and ejection of a high-velocity working fluid through a solitary aperture. This process ensures that there is no overall mass flow. This study examined the effect of the volume cavity at varying distances from the nozzle to the heated surface, and at varying frequencies. In this study, three experiments involving heater characteristics, external and internal temperatures, and fluid air velocity for the manufactured synthetic jet were conducted by utilizing a 100-watt, 24-volt heater. The power input was set to achieve a consistent heater surface temperature at 343.15 K. Five different volumes were tested in the range of 300 Hz to 700 Hz driving frequency at a distance of 50 mm between the nozzle and the heated surface. Compared to other driving frequencies, it was observed that 500 Hz in Model 1 (431.75 K) produced the highest cooling effect by reducing the greatest temperature drop. It is assumed that the resonance frequency with the greatest amplitude is 500 Hz. The highest temperature decrease was obtained at a 50 mm distance. The maximum air velocity for each model was measured at 10 mm, while the lowest air velocity was obtained at a 70 mm distance. Model 1 of the synthetic jet produced the highest and lowest air velocity of 1.29 and 0.08 metres per second, respectively.
Bioimpedance For Analysis of Body Composition in Sports
Authors: Mohamad Mohd Riduan , Alshamrani Omar Ali H
Published: January 2024

Phase angle (PhA), a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameter, has proven to be a proxy of body cell mass in athletes, but very few data are available on its segmental evaluation (upper and lower limbs). Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess whether whole-body and segmental PhA varied among elite male athletes of different sports and compared these to control groups. Additionally, this study plans to investigate its relationship with anthropometric and body composition parameters. Elite athletes practicing cycling, football (soccer) players, MMA players, and weightlifters considered as active subjects collected from February 2021 till August 2021 age of 18–35 years undergo anthropometric and BIA measurements using Bio-impedance Analyzer BIA450 of BIODYNAMIC®, USA, from the UTM facility. PhA (whole-body and upper and lower limbs) will be considered as raw BIA variable. A total of 24 participants were studied, with 12 participants as active group (athletes and sports) as 12 participants as inactive (control group). Data was also compared with healthy subjects with similar characteristics who were serving as inactive subjects. Both whole-body and limb PhA are significantly higher in active participants (athletes) compared to their respective control group (inactive participants). The average value of PhA for the active and inactive are 7.1 and 6.87, respectively. PhA was found to be positively correlated with BMI and fat-free mass (FFM) more in athletes than in controls and FFM were considered as the main determinant. Furthermore, the direct evaluation of PhA can be used as a marker of survival in different sports and physical activities while predicting the injury and health risk associated with certain physical activities.
Effect of Human Body to the Read Range of Wireless Communication Devices and Wearable Antenna Worn in Close Proximity
Authors: Suryanata Faishal Adilah , Sim Man Seng , Nabil Salem Ba-Saleh Ammar , Dewan Raimi , You Kok Yeow
Published: January 2024

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a wireless data collecting method that makes use of the RF portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Currently, numerous industries, particularly the healthcare industry, are using RFID technology. This study goes into further detail on the RFID tag's read range between an empty space and a proximity to the human body. In this study, it will also explain about the effect on the read range when in the empty space and in close proximity to human. Additionally, human proximity effect on the performance of wearable antenna is also explored.  Furthermore, metamaterial also being introduced to enhance the performance for getting the optimized read range and potential means in improving the antenna performance for wearable application.
Morphological and Wettability Evaluation of Electrospun Polivinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanofiber Membrane for Wound Dressing Application
Authors: Mohd Noh Nurul Ammira , Ismail Norjihada Izzah , Abd Razak Saiful Izwan
Published: January 2024

Many researches have focused on producing electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) aiming to speed up physiological events of wound healing. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate functional ENMs using electrospinning technique, taken into account various factors that may affect the fibers diameter such as polymer solution properties, electrospinning parameters and ambient conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the combined electrospinning process parameters and characterize the morphology and wettability of the electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membranes produced. Process parameters that were optimized include applied voltage, flow rate, and distance to collector. The fabrication of PVA nanofiber membranes was done at 21 kV, 2 mL/h and 10 cm after optimization. Surface morphology and fiber diameter were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The water contact angle was used to analyze wettability. Electrospun PVA nanofiber membranes showed continuous random fiber, no bead defect, hydrophilic surface and average fiber diameters between 265 ± 86 nm and 281 ± 90 nm. Smaller fiber diameter between 200-700 nm can enhance cell migration. It is suggested from this study that the optimized parameters have successfully produced electrospun PVA nanofiber membranes with suitable fiber diameter for cell migration and can direct cell response, thus can be applied as a wound dressing material.
EEG Analysis for Images Encode and Retrieval under White Noise Stimulation
Authors: Sayed Daud Syarifah Noor Syakiylla , Sudirman Rubita , Zakaria Nor Aini , Md Ali Mohd Anuar
Published: January 2024

Utilization of an EEG machine aids researchers in detecting the brain responses and states during provided stimulation. The EEG comes with multiple electrode channels for recording the electrical activity of the brain. This work aims to discover the brain responses under stimulation of white noise during images encoding and retrieving using the EEG machine. The motivation of this research is because limited previous works determine the association between memory encoding and retrieving process based on EEG analysis. Twenty college students participated in this experimental work. They were required to remember the images in two different conditions: control/silent and exposure to white noise with two task difficulties: easy and difficult phases. The EEG was recorded during the remembering and recalling period for data acquisition. The obtained raw EEG dataset was imported to .txt format for further processing. The Butterworth bandpass filter with a frequency range of 4 to 45 Hz was applied to filter the low and high noise components in the EEG signal. Next, the mean of de-noise EEG voltage was obtained to select the most affected channels. It was found that the Fp1, Fp2, F7, and F3 channels achieved the highest mean voltage that higher than 5 μV. Therefore, these channels were selected for extraction of relative rhythm power to investigate the effect of white noise on memory performance. The findings showed that the alpha, gamma, beta, and theta activities were highly found during the encoding and retrieving process when participants were exposed to white noise. These brain rhythms were related to participants' attentional level, information processing and calm state during the assessment. The behavioral data showed that the participants successfully remembered the images more when exposed to white noise compared to the control condition with percentage differences of 21% and 33% for easy and difficult phases due to the stochastic resonance effect and activation of brain rhythms.
Performance Analysis of Wearable Antenna Worn in Close Proximity with Human Body
Authors: Suryanata Faishal Adilah , Muhammad Naufal Fikri , Ahmad Azizi Nur Natasha Amyra , Dewan Raimi , Roy Bappadittya
Published: January 2024

In the healthcare applications, wearable technology is being rapidly developed. Electromagnetic wave will have an effect when the passive antennas is being closed to the human body because it will act as lossy medium. In this study, the effect of human tissue properties will be studied and will carry out under three conditions: (1) in free space, (2) on human tissue (chest body part) with and without airgap, (3) single and double bended condition of the antenna. The spacing gaps between the antenna and the human chest has been set up such as 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm. The bending radiuses for both single and double condition also being set up as 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm. In this study, the effect of human body proximity and human body movement which caused bending to the wearable antenna are also analysed. It will be analysed using the CST Studio Suites 2021 Student Version software
Simulation of Delta and Omicron Variants Detection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Based on Kretschmann-Raether Configuration
Authors: Paramasivam DiviyaDevi , Mualif Siti Aisyah , Jusoh Norhana , Sahalan Mariaulpa , Maaruf Nurul Atiqah , Ishar Seri Mirianti , Ishak Ahmad Razali , Aziz Mohd Yusmaidie
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been mutated and emerged into different types of variants. Delta and Omicron variants remained as variants of concern as the Delta variant severely infects the unvaccinated individual, while the Omicron variant is the dominant variant circulating globally. Therefore, it is vital to identify these variantsby developing a simpler method that detects both variants based on the antibody-antigen interactions. The Surface Plasm on Resonance (SPR) sensor based on the Kretschmann-Raether configuration provides label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants by the antibody-antigen interaction. However, to date, there is no multiple SARS-CoV-2variants detection methods have been implemented using SPR sensors based on the Kretschmann-Raether configuration. Therefore, this study is carried out to design anPR sensor based on the Kretschmann-Raether configuration and to simulate the detection of these variants by this sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics software. In this study, an SPR sensor was designed with two detecting cells named Cell 1 and Cell 2, where each cell contains a 2E8 monoclona antibody and COV2-06 monoclonal antibody respectively. The results show that the designed SPR sensor can distinguish and detect the Delta and Omicron variants successfully based on the antibody-antigen interaction with the sensitivities of 3.3968 deg RIU−1 for Cell 1 and 4.5803 deg RIU−1 for Cell 2. Therefore, this SPR sensor based on the Kretschmann-Raether configuration could be a potential alternative tool for currently available multiple SARS CoV2 variants detection methods as it provides label-free detection that is based on antigen-antibody interaction.
Bioprinting of Skin Tissues: From Concept to Clinical Applications
Authors: Khalida Fakhruddin  , Mohd Sukri Nurelisya Suraya , Muhammad Shahril Anis Zulaikha , Nafrizam Nur Farra Aisyah , Md Khalid Fatin Ayuni , Ahmad Mazian Muadz , Jamaludin Mohamad Ikhwan
Published: January 2024

3D bioprinting, with its vast potential in therapeutic uses, has evolved into a forefront technique for creating skin tissues. This article delves into a thorough analysis of various aspects of bioprinting skin tissues, including strategies, bioinks, clinical applications, challenges, and future outlooks. Different bioprinting strategies, such as laser-assisted, inkjet-based, and extrusion-based techniques, are explored, each offering unique advantages in crafting complex, lifelike skin structures. The composition and cell-friendly nature of collagen-based bioinks are discussed, underlining their significance in establishing a conducive microenvironment for cell survival and tissue development. Clinical applications, particularly in providing personalized treatments for wound healing using bioprinted skin tissue, are examined. The article also investigates the potential uses of tailored and in vitro bioprinted skin models. Challenges, including achieving optimal printability, vascularization, and innervation of various skin components during the bioprinting process, are addressed. Lastly, the article looks forward to future developments, such as transforming regenerative medicine and merging skin bioprinting with other bioprinting technologies.
Development of Home-based Rehabilitation Mobile App for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Nurshafiza Kamaruddin  , Qistina Balqis Zaidi  , Siti Nurhaliza Zainal Abiden  , Abdul Wahab Asnida
Published: January 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children experienced postural balance disorders that significantly affects their quality of life. It is believed that poor gross motor development leads to the bare social interaction which is the core weakness of ASD. However, treatment expenses for ASD children such as movement therapy requires high cost. This may be due to the limited access to the rehabilitation facilities and medical professionals to evaluate the patient well-being. In this study, Android-based mobile application of home-based therapy intervention for ASD children as the main user where mainly monitored by the therapists and caretaker is developed. This mobile app includes movement modules which intended to conduct the therapy routine via the character animations and audio. Users can evaluate motor performance and psychological well-being of the patients which designed for both in-house and clinical settings. Based on the qualitative measurements, it is shows that the average System Usability Scale (SUS) score is 86.25% which indicates good usability.
Current Trends and Innovations in Enhancing the Aerodynamic Performance of Small-Scale, Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: A Review
Authors: Kassa Belayneh Y. , Baheta Aklilu T. , Beyene Asfaw
Published: January 2024

Wind energy has proven to be one of the most promising resources to meet the challenges of rising clean energy demand and mitigate environmental pollution. The global new installation of wind turbines in 2022 was 77.6 GW, bringing the total installed capacity to 906 GW, documenting an astounding 9% growth in just one year (Lee and Zhao, 2023, Global Wind Report, GWEC. Global Wind Energy Council). Sizeable research continues to focus on improving wind energy conversion, safety, and capacity. However, funding allocations and research have not matched this sustained market growth observed over the last few decades. This is particularly the case for small-size wind turbines. We define small-scale wind turbines as those with an output power of 40 kW or less that can nonetheless be interconnected to provide larger power output. Thus, the paper focuses on small-scale horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) with emphasis on current technology trends including data gathering, aerodynamic performance analysis of airfoils and rotors, as well as computational approaches. The paper also highlights the challenges associated with small-scale HAWTs thereby conjecturing about future research directions on the subject. The literature review suggests that small-scale HAWT wind turbines are suitable for harnessing energy in communities with limited resources where grid-supplied power is out of reach. The power coefficient of these turbines ranges from 0.2 to 0.45 which shows that it could greatly benefit from research, built on targeting these modest performance scales by using efficient airfoils, mixed airfoils, optimizing the blade geometry, shrouding the wind turbine rotor, using maximum power tracking control, etc. This review paper is an attempt to prioritize and layout strategies toward evaluating and enhancing the aerodynamic performance of small-scale HAWTs.