bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Association between Perceived Salt Intake and Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Jin Mengdi , Miao Congliang , An Lina , Guo Li , Yang Xinying , Zheng Mengyi , Hong Jiang , Wu Shouling , Su Qi
Published: July 2022

To explore the association of perceived salt intake (SI) level with arterial stiffness in the community population in northern China. We enrolled participants who completed the health questionnaire, physical examination, and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) test during 2010‐2019 and divided them into <6 g (low SI), 6‐10 g (medium SI), and >10 g (high SI) groups based on their daily SI. The influence of SI on baPWV was analyzed using the multivariate logistic regression model. A total of 36324 subjects, aged (49.10 ± 12.57) years with a male to female ratio of 25934 : 10390, met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The average baPWV was (1527.73 ± 355.61) cm/s. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for other confounders, daily SI>10 g (high SI) was a risk factor for arterial stiffness (baPWV ≥1400 cm/s), with the odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.17 (1.04‐1.31). High SI is independently associated with arterial stiffness.
Effect of Salt Solution on the Mechanical Behaviours of Geopolymer Concrete under Dry-Wet Cycles
Authors: Tang Zhiyu , Deng Nianchun
Published: July 2022

Seawater splashing and frequent rainfall in the coastal area will often cause the concrete members to be affected by dry-wet cycles. In order to investigate the effect of salt solution on the mechanical behaviours of geopolymer concrete under dry-wet cycles, a series of tests on erosion of geopolymer concrete by three different salt solutions were carried out by using the mass loss rate, compressive strength, erosion resistance coefficient, and elastic modulus. The results show that, with the increase of dry-wet cycles, the mass of the specimen increases slightly at 20 dry-wet cycles and then decreases gradually. Then, the stress-strain curve of geopolymer concrete can be divided into three stages: linear growth stage, deceleration growth stage, and slow decline stage, which correspond to the elastic deformation stage, elastic-plastic deformation stage, and crushing stage, respectively. The overall trend of the stress-strain curve is similar under different dry-wet cycles, and the peak stress decreases with the increase of dry-cycle. The relationship between stress and strain of geopolymer concrete samples with different salt solutions is similar, while their strength characteristics have changed obviously. Furthermore, with the increase of dry-wet cycles, the compressive strength and the relative elastic modulus of geopolymer concrete gradually decrease, which reflects that sulfate erosion will lead to the strength loss of geopolymer concrete, causing its internal damage, thus having adverse effects on it. Different salt solutions have the great influence on the mass loss rate, compressive strength, erosion resistance coefficient, and elastic modulus of geopolymer concrete. In detail, the mixed salt solution erosion results in the greatest damage to geopolymer concrete and accelerates the damage. Chloride salt solution erosion causes middle damage to geopolymer concrete. Compared with the other two salt solutions, sulfate solution erosion leads to the least damage to geopolymer concrete and then sulfate has a certain inhibitory effect on the damage of geopolymer concrete. In addition, based on the test results, the constitutive model considering dry-wet cycles damage of salt solution is proposed, and the correctness is verified. This study has a good guiding value for geopolymer concrete engineering in coastal areas.
A Novel Structure-Adaptive Fractional Bernoulli Grey Model for Solar Photovoltaic Forecasts
Authors: Huang Ying , Huang Weilong , Ding Song
Published: July 2022

Since the limitation of carbon emissions, China’s photovoltaic (PV) industry has developed vigorously, while some traditional heavy industries have been violently hit. Therefore, the industrial production data exhibits significant nonlinear and complexity characteristics, which may affect prediction accuracy, thus hindering the corresponding department’s decision-making. Consequently, a novel structure-adaptive fractional Bernoulli grey model is presented in this paper to surmount this toughie, and the core innovations can be summarized as follows. Initially, a novel time function term is utilized to depict the accumulative time effect, which can smoothly represent the dynamic variations and significantly strengthen the robustness of the new model. Besides, the fractional-order accumulation technique, which could effectively improve the predicting accuracy, is employed in the proposed model. Furthermore, the adaptability and generalizability of the proposed model can be enhanced by the self-adaptive parameters optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization. For illustration and verification purposes, experiments on forecasting the annual output of Photovoltaic modules in China and the annual output of steel in Beijing are compared with a range of benchmarks, including the classic GM (1, 1), conventional econometric technology, and machine learning methods. And the results confirmed that the proposed model is superior to all benchmark models, which indicates that the novel model is indeed suitable for industrial production forecasting.
Maximum Colored Cuts in Edge‐Colored Complete Graphs
Authors: Ma Huawen
Published: July 2022

Max‐Cut problem is one of the classical problems in graph theory and has been widely studied in recent years. Maximum colored cut problem is a more general problem, which is to find a bipartition of a given edge‐colored graph maximizing the number of colors in edges going across the bipartition. In this work, we gave some lower bounds on maximum colored cuts in edge‐colored complete graphs containing no rainbow triangles or properly colored 4‐cycles.
Application of Shewhart Control Chart in Controlling Adverse Events in Patients with Severe Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning Undergoing Blood Purification
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Mei Xufeng , Zhang Qin
Published: July 2022

Objective. To explore the application effect of the Shewhart control chart in controlling adverse events in patients with severe acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP) undergoing blood purification. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 102 patients with severe AOPP admitted to the hospital between January 2020 and December 2021, including 47 cases in the control group and 55 cases in the observation group. The control group was given routine emergency nursing, while the observation group was given emergency nursing under the guidance of the Shewhart control chart on the basis of the control group. The specialized operations, basic operations, specialized theory, and basic theory of nursing staffs were scored to compare the comprehensive nursing quality. The total incidence of adverse nursing events in both groups was statistically analyzed. The dosage of atropine, disappearance time of muscarinic symptoms, recovery time of CHE activity to 60%, and hospitalization time in both groups were recorded. The total incidence of complications in both groups was statistically analyzed. The satisfaction of family members was statistically analyzed by a satisfaction questionnaire. Results. The scores of specialized operations, basic operations, specialized theory, and basic theory of nursing staffs in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), total incidence of adverse nursing events was significantly lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), dosage of atropine, disappearance time of muscarinic symptoms, recovery time of CHE activity to 60%, and hospitalization time were significantly lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), total incidence of complications was significantly lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and scores of nursing attitude, communication process, psychological relief, and drug preparation were significantly higher than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The Shewhart control chart can effectively improve the clinical effect, comprehensive nursing quality, and satisfaction of patients with severe AOPP and effectively reduce complications and adverse events.
More Efficient Prediction for Ordinary Kriging to Solve a Problem in the Structure of Some Random Fields
Authors: Saber Mohammad Mehdi , Aldallal Ramy Abdelhamid
Published: July 2022

Recently, some specific random fields have been defined based on multivariate distributions. This paper will show that almost all these random fields have a deficiency in spatial autocorrelation structure. The paper recommends a method for coping with this problem. Another application of these random fields is spatial data prediction, and the Kriging estimator is the most widely used method that does not require defining the mentioned random fields. Although it is an unbiased estimator with a minimum mean‐squared error, it does not necessarily have a minimum mean‐squared error in the class of all linear estimators. In this work, a biased estimator is introduced with less mean‐squared error than the Kriging estimator under some conditions. Asymptotic behavior of its basic component will be investigated too.
Diseño e implementación de talleres con aprendizaje basado en casos en un curso de salud pública de odontología
Authors: Cantarutti Cynthia , Veliz Claudia , Melldo Beatriz , Garcia-Huidobro Rosario , Ortuño Duniel , Rivera Solange
Published: July 2022

Introducción: la enseñanza de la salud pública en pregrado de odontología ha presentado dificultades para que los alumnos apliquen y valoren su utilidad en la práctica clínica. Los odontólogos recién titulados señalan no sentirse preparados para resolver necesidades de atención relacionadas con la gestión de los recursos disponibles. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el diseño e implementación de un dispositivo educativo en el módulo Planes y programas de atención de la salud bucal en el curso Salud Pública en el pregrado de Odontología UC. Metodología: estudio de caso del diseño e implementación de talleres en un módulo del curso Salud Pública en el pregrado de Odontología UC. El diseño del dispositivo educativo se planificó en cuatro fases basadas en el modelo de diseño curricular de Kern: búsqueda de evidencia sobre metodologías de enseñanza aprendizaje utilizadas en cursos de salud pública; diseño del dispositivo educativo; implementación y evaluación del proceso. Resultados: se seleccionó la metodología aprendizaje basado en casos según factibilidad de implementación y las necesidades del curso y se diseñaron cinco talleres. Se realizó la evaluación del proceso mediante un registro on the run, lo que permitió implementar mejoras. Conclusiones: aprendizaje basado en casos permite integrar contenidos teóricos con la práctica clínica, sin necesidad de salidas a terreno o incorporar más sesiones. Al diseñar un dispositivo educativo con esta metodología es necesario considerar aspectos relacionados con los alumnos, los profesores y el diseño e implementación.
Association Between Body Composition and Development of Glucose Intolerance after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Bhandari Rusha , Teh Jennifer Berano , He Tianhui , Peng Kelly , Iukuridze Aleksi , Atencio Liezl , Nakamura Ryotaro , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , McCormack Shana , Lee Kyuwan , Wong F. Lennie , Armenian Saro H.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients have increased risk of developing glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus (DM). The strongest risk factor for glucose intolerance is being overweight/obese, as determined by body mass index (BMI), which does not account for differences in body composition. We examined the association between body composition measures from pre-HCT CT and early-onset (≤30 days) de novo glucose intolerance after HCT, and determined its impact on nonrelapse mortality (NRM).

Methods:

This study included 749 patients without pre-HCT DM. Skeletal muscle loss [abnormal skeletal muscle gauge (SMG)] and abnormal visceral adiposity (VA) were defined by sex-specific tertiles. Fine–Gray proportional subdistribution HR estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained to determine the association between muscle loss and VA and development of glucose intolerance. 1 year NRM was calculated for patients alive at day 30.

Results:

Median age at HCT was 50.2 years. By day 30, 8.1% of patients developed glucose intolerance and 731 remained alive. In multivariable analysis, abnormal SMG was associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance in nonoverweight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) patients (HR = 3.00; 95% CI, 1.15–7.81; P = 0.024); abnormal VA was associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance in overweight/obese patients (HR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.24–4.12; P = 0.008). Glucose intolerance was independently associated with NRM (HR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.05–3.39; P = 0.035).

Conclusions:

Abnormal SMG and VA were associated with glucose intolerance in nonoverweight and overweight/obese patients, respectively, which contributed to increased risk of 1 year NRM.

Impact:

This information may guide personalized interventions to decrease the risk of adverse outcomes after HCT.

See related commentary by Giri and Williams, p. 2002
Smooth Muscle Cell Notch2 Is Not Required for Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in ApoE Null Mice
Authors: Davis-Knowlton Jessica , Turner Jacqueline E. , Harrington Anne , Liaw Lucy
Published: July 2022

Introduction: We previously identified Notch2 in smooth muscle cells (SMC) in human atherosclerosis and found that signaling via Notch2 suppressed human SMC proliferation. Thus, we tested whether loss of Notch2 in SMC would alter atherosclerotic plaque progression using a mouse model. Methods: Atherogenesis was examined at the brachiocephalic artery and aortic root in a vascular SMC null (inducible smooth muscle myosin heavy chain Cre) Notch2 strain on the ApoE−/− background. We measured plaque morphology and size, as well as lipid, inflammation, and smooth muscle actin content after Western diet. Results: We generated an inducible SMC Notch2 null on the ApoE−/− background. We observed ∼90% recombination efficiency with no detectable Notch2 in the SMC. Loss of SMC Notch2 did not significantly change plaque size, lipid content, necrotic core, or medial area. However, loss of SMC Notch2 reduced the contractile SMC in brachiocephalic artery lesions and increased inflammatory content in aortic root lesions after 6 weeks of Western diet. These changes were not present with loss of SMC Notch2 after 14 weeks of Western diet. Conclusions: Our data show that loss of SMC Notch2 does not significantly reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation, although in early stages of plaque formation there are changes in SMC and inflammation.
Mechanism of Myopic Defocus or Atropine for Myopia Control: Different or Similar Ways?
Authors: Sun Liyuan , Zhu Li , Chen Sitong , Li Jiarui , Li Xuewei , Wang Kai , Zhao Mingwei
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Myopia is usually caused by excessive elongation of the eye during development. This condition is common worldwide. In clinical practice, the progression of myopia is commonly controlled through optical or drug measures, but the specific mechanisms underlying these two treatments remain unclear. To verify whether the effects of these two treatments on posterior-pole tissues are similar or different, we studied a set of common transcriptional changes in chicken models. Methods: Chicks were divided into four groups, and they were given the intervention measures of plus-lens induction, minus-lens induction, minus-lens induction with atropine injection, and minus-lens induction with saline injection. Then, the genetic changes in each tissue at the posterior pole were detected, and the results of different genes were compared. A semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to further study the visually induced changes in the transcription of potential candidate genes. Results: Based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the transcriptome, we identified variations between the differentially expressed transcripts in three tissues from the two treatment groups. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, eukaryotic protein translation elongation factor 1α2 (EEF1A2) was enriched in the “leishmaniasis” pathway in the choroid and showed increased expression in both the plus-lens induction and injection atropine groups. The expression levels of selected genes verified by quantitative real-time PCR were concordant with the RNA-seq data. Conclusions: Overlapping differentially expressed mRNAs of only one-tenth could suggest a different mechanism of myopic defocus and intravitreal injection of atropine controlling myopia. EEF1A2 might play an important role in the choroid during the treatment of myopia.
Reduced Reelin Expression Induces Memory Deficits through Dab-1/ NMDAR Signaling Pathway: Cronobacter sakazakii Infection in a Rat Model of Experimental Meningitis
Authors: Vinay Ponnusamy , Balamurugan Krishnaswamy , Rajan Koilmani Emmanuvel
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Cronobacter sakazakii infection-induced inflammation alters the Reelin signaling pathway that is involved in learning and memory. To test this, postnatal day (PND)-15 rat pups were either treated with Luria Bertani broth/Escherichia coli OP50/C. sakazakii through oral gavage or maintained as control and allowed to stay with their mothers until PND-24. Experimental groups’ rats were subjected to long-term novel object recognition test during their adolescent age PND-30–32. Observed behavioral data showed that C. sakazakii infection causes a deficit in recognition of novel objects from known objects. Further, our analysis showed that C. sakazakii infection-mediated inflammation decreases the Reelin expression by proteolytic cleavage and alters its receptor apolipoprotein E-receptor (ApoER)-2 splice variants ApoER2 (ex19) and ApoER2 (Δ). Subsequently, downregulated Reelin alters the phosphorylation of disabled adapter protein (Dab)-1 and leads to differential expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits 2A and 2B. Further, the NMDA receptor influences the expression of postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Observed results suggest a deficit in recognition of novel objects possibly due to the alternation in Reelin signaling pathway.
Intensive care medicine and the intensivist: from 1850 to 2021
Authors: Batista Filho Luiz Alberto Cerqueira , Caraccio Gabriela de Castro Damasceno
Published: July 2022

Intensive Care Medicine gained prominence in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a recent medical specialty, which many physicians and the public know little about. This article makes a historical perspective, from the emergence of the first areas for observation of critically ill patients in the nineteenth century to the present, to the impact of the pandemic and its consequences.
Terceiro Molar Ectópico em Incisura Mandibular
Authors: Ishii Jessica Tiemi Ribeiro , Batista Jonas Dantas , Gondo Roberto Massayoshi , Melo Plínio Eduardo Celiac de , Silva Clovis Martins , Rocha Flaviana Soares
Published: July 2022

Dentes ectópicos são frequentemente encontrados, entretanto, terceiros molares inferiores ectópicos são incomuns, com etiologia obscura e pouco descritos na literatura pertinente. Sua localização já foi relatada nas regiões condilar, subcondilar, incisura mandibular, ângulo e borda inferior da mandíbula. Devido à importância do planejamento terapêutico, manejo adequado e variedade das manifestações clínicas desta condição, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de terceiro molar inferior ectópico na região de incisura mandibular, com radiolucência aumentada ao redor da coroa, em um paciente do gênero masculino, de 28 anos e sem sintomatologia. Acompanhamento radiográfico pode ser indicado, no entanto, em pacientes sintomáticos ou com alterações patológicas associadas, a extração deve ser considerada. Diante disso, o tratamento de escolha foi a extração do dente 38 sob anestesia geral, por via intraoral, tendo em vista a posição dentária, radiolucência e morbidade associadaà cirurgia. O tecido mole circundante foi enviado para análise anatomopatológica. O paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências durante avaliação pós-operatória.
Magnitude of tuberculosis cases notified in a municipality: epidemiological profile, risk factors and comorbidities, a temporal description
Authors: Cunha João Pedro Arantes da , Marques Ana Maria Campos , Cunha Maria Eduarda Arantes da , Souza Bruna Martins de
Published: July 2022

Background: Tuberculosis remains among the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide, Risk factors include sociodemographic factors and comorbidities such as alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, the use of legal and illegal drugs and HIV. This research aimed to estimate the incidence of tuberculosis cases and describe the epidemiological profile of all tuberculosis cases reported to the National System of Notifiable Diseases in the city of Campo Grande/MS, correlating with national and international literature. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey of secondary data that analyzed all cases reported in the city from January 2014 to December 2019. Results: There was a predominance of males (80.3%). The most affected age group corresponded to individuals of working age (20 to 59 years), with 84% of the total data. As for comorbidities, 70.5% had at least one. Smoking was the most prevalent health issue (27%), followed by the use of psychoactive substances, alcohol consumption and HIV/Aidsco-infection (13.8%). Diabetes was the lowest rated disease, with 5,4%. Conclusions: The data obtained points to the need to assess the directly observed treatment (DOT) in the capital, given the alarming rate of adherence od 3.8%. About one third of tuberculosis cases were diagnosed in hospitals, supporting the hypothesis of delayed diagnosis, which leverages the need for health actions on the subject.
Biological therapy in psoriatic arthritis patients with and without previous biologic experience
Authors: Silva Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da , Santos Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro dos , Kakehasi Adriana Maria , Almeida Alessandra Maciel , Alvares-Teodoro Juliana , Acurcio Francisco de Assis
Published: July 2022

Objective: this study evaluated the biological therapy effects on disease activity, functionality, quality of life, drug survival, and safety of patients with psoriatic arthritis naïve and experienced in biological therapy. Methods: a oneyear prospective observational study was performed. The outcomes assessed were drug survival, disease activity, functionality, quality of life, and safety. Multiple linear regression was used to assess predictive factors for clinical response.Results: a total of 205 patients were included, 155 of whom were biologic naïve and 50 biologic experienced. Drug survival rate was greater for naïve patients than experienced patients at 6 months, but not at 12 months. Drug survival rates were 71.5% for naïve patients and 70.0% for experienced patients at 12 months. All clinical parameters improved for both biologic naïve and experienced patients. At 12 months, 63% of naïve patients and 52% of experienced patients had an improvement in their quality of life. Besides, 48% of naïve patients and 42% of experienced patients had an improvement in functionality. The axial disease improved in 67% of naïve individuals and 56% of experienced patients. Good control of peripheral disease was achieved by 49% of naïve patients and 44% of experiencedpatients. Female sex, use of etanercept or infliximab, and lower functionality or quality of life at baseline were the main predictors of poor clinical response. Conclusion: Patients’ health improved after starting biological therapy. In general, biologic experienced patients had more adverse reactions and lesser effectiveness.
Expansão do ensino lucrativo e retração das instituições sem fins lucrativos no ensino superior brasileiro
Authors: Tagliari Clarissa
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo mobiliza os microdados do Censo do Ensino Superior para comparar as características dos cursos que concentraram o crescimento das matrículas nas instituições lucrativas e sem fins lucrativos entre 2010 e 2016. Analisamos as tendências observadas à luz das principais mudanças regulatórias, das dinâmicas de mercado e das políticas públicas de ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior privado. Os resultados indicam que o balanço entre lógicas organizacionais, regulação do ensino superior e subsídios públicos fomentou padrões de expansão bastante distintos entre as instituições lucrativas e sem fins lucrativos, contrapondo as interpretações que afirmam haver isomorfismo na oferta de cursos de graduação no Brasil. Ademais, as análises evidenciam que a atuação dos conglomerados de ensino pode significar um forte encolhimento das instituições sem fins lucrativos.
Fixed-Time Stable Neurodynamic Flow to Sparse Signal Recovery via Nonconvex L1-β2-Norm
Authors: Zhao You , Liao Xiaofeng , He Xing
Published: July 2022

This letter develops a novel fixed-time stable neurodynamic flow (FTSNF) implemented in a dynamical system for solving the nonconvex, nonsmooth model L1-β2, β∈[0,1] to recover a sparse signal. FTSNF is composed of many neuron-like elements running in parallel. It is very efficient and has provable fixed-time convergence. First, a closed-form solution of the proximal operator to model L1-β2, β∈[0,1] is presented based on the classic soft thresholding of the L1-norm. Next, the proposed FTSNF is proven to have a fixed-time convergence property without additional assumptions on the convexity and strong monotonicity of the objective functions. In addition, we show that FTSNF can be transformed into other proximal neurodynamic flows that have exponential and finite-time convergence properties. The simulation results of sparse signal recovery verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FTSNF.
Women and Animals: Culinary Dilemmas and Karmic Entanglements
Authors: Eichman Jennifer
Published: July 2022

The primary focus of this article is the gendering of Buddhist karmic culpability presented in the extra-canonical Buddhist essay, “Quan funü jiesha wen” (On exhorting women to refrain from killing). This mid-1650 work written by the Ming loyalist Chai Shaobing (1616-70) was subsequently reprinted in the Republican era Buddhist periodical press. “Quan funü jiesha wen” offers an extraordinary entry into a Buddhist moral universe in which women who kill animals are subject to various levels of karmic retribution. The bodily intimacy of such retributions is experienced in the form of complicated pregnancies, difficult childbirths, and a myriad of diseases unique to the female reproductive body. The first half of this study provides a full translation and detailed analysis of the Buddhist tropes and exemplary stories Chai employs as he sought to change women’s culinary choices. The second half of this study shifts attention to the essay’s historical context, first through a consideration of its early publication history and the seventeenth-century milieu in which it was created, and then through an examination of how the essay’s ideas on gender fit within the changing world of Republican era China.
The One-Day Court: Settling Small Civil Cases in the UAE
Authors: Kandeel Moustafa Elmetwaly , Khalil Ahmed
Published: July 2022

It is a general principle that the minor circuit — as with every civil court in the United Arab Emirates — does not settle cases within its jurisdiction until completion of pleadings by the parties, which usually takes several sessions. However, an exception to this principle has been created under Article 30/1 of the Federal Civil Procedures Law and Articles 22 and 54 of the Regulation of this law. These articles allow the minor circuit to rule upon some cases in a single session. The pleading, adjudication and judgement all take place in this one session, known as a one-day court, launched in the courts of the Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah in January 2017. This article aims to answer the questions raised about the justification for creating this court, the scope of its jurisdiction, the system for preparing cases before it, and the sufficiency of legal rules regulating challenges to its judgements.
The Southern Sky and the Renovation of the Ptolemaic Tradition in Sixteenth-Century Italian Astrologers
Authors: Iommi Echeverría Virginia
Published: July 2022

This article examines the use of astronomical observations of the austral sky in treatises written by Italian astrologers during the sixteenth century. The references made to navigators’ accounts and diagrams of southern stars in the works of Agostino Nifo, Girolamo Cardano, Francesco Giuntini and Francesco Pifferi show their attempts to include previously unknown stars in Ptolemaic framing. Although this approach implies the defence of traditional astrology by recognising the need to broaden its contents, none of the authors studied here put forward an astrological interpretation of the new information available.
On the Wrong Side of History
Authors: Schaefer Richard
Published: July 2022

This article investigates an episode of anti-Catholic polemic in the late eighteenth century in Germany. It shows how fear over the influence of “crypto-Catholics” masquerading as Protestants and exponents of Enlightenment triggered the conceptualization of “Catholicism” as a social and cultural force beyond Church membership. It shows how Friedrich Nicolai played a leading role in suggesting that Catholics posed a distinct threat to the Enlightenment and the progressive achievements of the last few decades. Guided by Reinhart Koselleck’s insights into the temporalization of fundamental concepts, this article shows how the conceptualization of Catholicism was part of the larger attempt to navigate the dissolution of feudal society. It argues that placing Catholics on the wrong side of history was thus generative of the modern historical regime.
Curating Sovereignty in Palestine: Voluntary Grassroots Organizations and Civil Society in the West Bank and East Jerusalem
Authors: Herrold Catherine E.
Published: July 2022

This article extends the literature on “ngo-ization” in the Middle East and Global South to examine “voluntary grassroots organizations” (vgo s): groups that operate on a voluntary basis and position themselves outside of the formal ngo sector and foreign aid system. Based on nine months of ethnographic research in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, the article examines how vgo s use heritage practices as a two-pronged challenge to the ngo-ization of Palestinian civil society. Whereas ngo-ization depoliticized civil society, vgo s resist depoliticization by mobilizing Palestinians to counter the Israeli occupation. And whereas ngo-ization professionalized civil society, vgo s resist professionalization by building large volunteer bases, emphasizing long-term processes of citizen mobilization rather than short-term outcomes, and remaining grounded in local communities and accountable to local citizens. Their work reflects larger trends around the world in which civic actors turn to informal organizing in an era of growing disenchantment with traditional ngo s.
Les verbes de posture en ese ejja: Un système de classificateurs verbaux
Authors: Vuillermet Marine
Published: July 2022

Ese Ejja is an Amazonian language spoken in Peru and Bolivia. It possesses four posture verbs that appear in multiple constructions to express location, possession, existence, imperfective aspect and present tense. Firstly, the article examines the criteria for associating these verbs (be they grammaticalized or not) to the animate or inanimate entities. These criteria are not necessarily linked directly to posture, be it real or prototypical for a given entity, but may involve the sex of the entity, or even to the place where the entity is located. Secondly, it argues that the Ese Ejja posture verbs are better analyzed as verbal classifiers rather than classificatory verbs, as they participate in a number of constructions spanning the continuum from purely lexical to entirely grammatical ones, using the same semantic criteria.
Why Due Regard Is More Appropriate than Proportionality Testing in International Investment Law
Authors: Foster Caroline E.
Published: July 2022

Global regulatory standards of due diligence, regulatory coherence, and due regard are emerging in public international law. Investment law has been concerned to settle upon the most appropriate regulatory coherence tests for application in the arbitration of regulatory disputes. Candidates have included proportionality, rationality, and reasonableness tests. This article argues instead for reliance on the due regard standard in conjunction with reasonableness or rationality testing. This will more appropriately reflect the nature of investment treaties as inter-State bargains. Further, responding to arguments for the adoption of proportionality on the basis of comparative public law, the article demonstrates that proportionality is not established as a general head of review in common law jurisdictions including England, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. At the same time, the application of the due regard standard can have much in common with procedural proportionality testing as seen among these domestic legal systems and elsewhere.
Ancient Plays: Are They Musicals?
Authors: Moore Timothy J.
Published: July 2022

Almost all ancient plays have three things in common with most modern musicals. First, the basic structure of most ancient plays, like most musicals, involved alternation between song and speech. Second, the songs of ancient plays, like those of musicals, could have a wider cultural relevance, living on beyond their original performance context. Third, in most ancient plays, as in musicals, there is a strong sense that song and dance are as important as, or even more important than, what occurs in spoken dialogue in providing pleasure to the audience and conveying the meaning of plays. Scholarship of the last decade has made clearer the centrality of music to ancient theater and has taken important steps in understanding how that music worked.
Performing the Nation in Myanmar
Authors: Foxeus Niklas
Published: July 2022

In 2012, Buddhist nationalist movements in Myanmar started to emerge, disseminating a Buddhist nationalist discourse that aimed to protectively demarcate their nation from the perceived threat posed by Muslims. In sermons, monks exhorted their audiences to make nationalist vows to protect their nation, country, and Buddhism. The aim of this article is to investigate some ritual, discursive, and performative aspects of Buddhist nationalist sermons, and the social dynamics they entailed. The article first examines and analyses three recurrent discursive complexes of the Buddhist nationalist sermons delivered in 2013–2015; it will also look at how the monks drew on their social power and on discursive and performative power to create a boundary around their Buddhist nation and to mobilize Buddhists to protect it, thereby performing their nation. Second, the article examines two ways in which sermons that aimed to protect the Buddha’s dispensation (collectivistic religion) contributed to creating social cohesion and community.
Psychological Type and Religious Affect
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Fawcett Bruce G. , McKenna Ursula
Published: July 2022

A sample of 299 young people between the ages of 12 and 18 attending a week-long summer youth programme sponsored by the Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada completed the Adolescent form of the Francis Psychological Type Scales together with the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity. The data demonstrated that a more positive attitude toward Christianity was associated with a preference for feeling (rather than thinking) and with a preference for judging (rather than perceiving), and that retention rates were lower for extraverts and for intuitive types. The article concludes by recommending psychological type awareness courses within youth ministry training programmes to enhance understanding attrition and retention of young people within Christian activities.
The Applicability of Hybrid Peacebuilding in Ethno-Religious Conflict: A Case Study of the Uighur-Han Conflict in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Fish Amanda
Published: July 2022

This study attempted to examine to what extent hybrid peacebuilding would be applicable in Xinjiang’s ethnic conflict between the Han and Uighurs. After situating hybrid peacebuilding within the liberal peacebuilding literature, for further contextualization, the study then extrapolated key information from several other Asian cases of hybrid peacebuilding. It then overviewed the conflict (the parties involved and their various perspectives), outlined the modern efforts to resolve the conflict, and determined how they remain problematic. Finally, the study qualitatively analyzed the theoretical applicability of hybrid peacebuilding, its potential benefits, and potential drawbacks. The study concluded that hybrid peacebuilding has theoretical potential in Xinjiang, especially in the future, but its current drawbacks hinder its chances of success.
South Africa’s Unrest or an Attempted Insurrection? Violence in July
Authors: Lancaster Lizette
Published: July 2022

The mass looting, death, and destruction in the two most populous provinces in South Africa over eight days in July 2021 caught the authorities by surprise and the attention of the world. What led to such widespread violence and why were the security agencies unable to control it? The purpose of this essay is to respond to these questions by examining the origins of the events of July. The first section discusses the political context that served as the catalyst for the violence. The second looks at the rise of popular protest in South Africa. The third provides an overview of events in July. The fourth focusses on the question of whether the events can be seen as an uprising or an attempted insurrection. The fifth provides a brief overview of the implications for the country and its law enforcement agencies, including some concluding remarks.
Contributions to the taxonomy, identification, and biogeography of the Palaearctic species of Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae)
Authors: VAS ZOLTÁN
Published: July 2022

In this paper Cymodusa irata sp. nov. is described from Turkmenistan, and two new synonyms are proposed: Cymodusa longiterebra Dbar, 1985 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Cymodusa nigra Šedivý, 1965, and Cymodusa ancilla (Seyrig, 1927) is considered a junior subjective synonym of Cymodusa australis (Smits van Burgst, 1913). New Palaearctic distributional records are given: Cymodusa australis (Smits van Burgst, 1913) is first reported from Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Serbia; Cymodusa declinator (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Hungary and Romania; Cymodusa exilis Holmgren, 1860 from Hungary; Cymodusa leucocera Holmgren, 1859 from Mongolia and Slovakia; Cymodusa nigra Šedivý, 1965 from Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo and North Macedonia; and Cymodusa tibialis Dbar, 1985 from North Macedonia. Additionally, some formerly published distributional records are corrected.
New species and notes on Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from South America
Authors: RODRIGUES HIGOR D. D. , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO , MORALES IRINA
Published: July 2022

The new species Paravelia ameliae (Heteroptera: Veliidae) is described based on macropterous specimens from the Department of Putumayo, in the Amazonian region of Colombia. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners mainly by the bicolored pronotum (dark-brown on the anterior two-thirds and light-brown posteriorly); the absence of distinct pruinosity or silvery patches on the anterior lobe of the pronotum; the basal macula of the forewing small and roughly ovate; the grasping comb of the male fore tibia occupying more than half of its length; the male hind femur with a row of 15 spines on the basal two-thirds; and the male paramere notched basally on its dorsal surface. Furthermore, this species displays sexual dimorphism in body shape and in hind tibial length, with males having a slightly constricted mid-abdominal region and hind tibia distinctly longer than in females. Also, in order to describe external morphological characteristics not mentioned in previous studies, supplemental descriptions are provided for P. albotrimaculata (Kirkaldy, 1899), P. loutoni Polhemus, 2014, P. nieseri Moreira & Barbosa, 2012, and P. rotundanotata (Hungerford, 1930). Illustrations and a distribution map of all species treated here are presented.
PDO Modulation on the Relationship between ENSO and Typhoon Tracks
Authors: Huang Chaoming , Liu Hailong , Wang Xidong , Li Hong , Zhang Zhaoru , Zuo Juncheng , Wang Ruyun
Published: July 2022

This study explores the role of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) in modulating the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and typhoon tracks. Tropical cyclone (TC) trajectories in the western North Pacific (WNP) in 1950–2017 are clustered into seven clusters, including three recurved trajectories and four straight-moving tracks. These clusters are distinguished well by number of TCs, intensity, lifetime, genesis position/month, landing, and track. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the composite analysis and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of each cluster demonstrate that there are four clusters dominated by ENSO. The associated ENSO effects on these clusters are manifested by steering flow and vertical wind shear (VWS) in the composite differences between El Niño and La Niña years. However, such ENSO effects on TC quantity, genesis location, and track of these corresponding clusters are significantly enhanced during the PDO positive phases only for two clusters that are formed in the southeastern part of the WNP and undergo a long lifetime and track, because the PDO explains little local environmental variance where the other two clusters are located in the northern part of the WNP. This conclusion is also supported by TC track density analysis. The two leading modes of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis of TC track density are significantly correlated with ENSO. The enhancement of ENSO effects during the PDO positive phase exhibits by the second mode through local SST, VWS, and steering flow.

Significance Statement

Accurate prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity can help preparedness and therefore reduce the losses of life and property. Long-term track prediction relies on our understanding how TC tracks are associated with interannual and longer climate variability. This study uses historical data of 1950–2017 in the western North Pacific and reveals that only for two of four track clusters that are affected by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the associated ENSO effects are enhanced during the Pacific decadal oscillation positive phases because the oscillation has significant influence on vertical wind shear and steering flow where these two clusters are located. The findings enrich the mechanisms of TC track variabilities and will help improve long-term prediction of TC tracks.
Nudging Observed Winds in the Arctic to Quantify Associated Sea Ice Loss from 1979 to 2020
Authors: Ding Qinghua , Schweiger Axel , Baxter Ian
Published: July 2022

Over the past decades, Arctic climate has exhibited significant changes characterized by strong pan-Arctic warming and a large-scale wind shift trending toward an anticyclonic anomaly centered over Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. Recent work has suggested that this wind change is able to warm the Arctic atmosphere and melt sea ice through dynamically driven warming, moistening, and ice drift effects. However, previous examination of this linkage lacks a capability to fully consider the complex nature of the sea ice response to the wind change. In this study, we perform a more rigorous test of this idea by using a coupled high-resolution modeling framework with observed winds nudged over the Arctic that allows for a comparison of these wind-induced effects with observations and simulated effects forced by anthropogenic forcing. Our nudging simulation can well capture observed variability of atmospheric temperature, sea ice, and the radiation balance during the Arctic summer and appears to simulate around 30% of Arctic warming and sea ice melting over the whole period (1979–2020) and more than 50% over the period 2000–12, which is the fastest Arctic warming decade in the satellite era. In particular, in the summer of 2020, a similar wind pattern reemerged to induce the second-lowest sea ice extent since 1979, suggesting that large-scale wind changes in the Arctic are essential in shaping Arctic climate on interannual and interdecadal time scales and may be critical to determine Arctic climate variability in the coming decades.

Significance Statement

This work conducts a set of new CESM1 nudging simulations to quantify the impact of the observed evolution of large-scale high-latitude atmospheric winds on Arctic climate variability over the past four decades. Variations in climate parameters, including sea ice, radiation, and atmospheric temperatures are well replicated in the model when observed winds are imposed in the Arctic. By investigating simulated sea ice melting processes in the simulation, we illustrate and estimate how large-scale winds in the Arctic help melt sea ice in summer. The nudging method has the potential to make Arctic climate attribution more tangible and to unravel the important physical processes underlying recent abrupt climate change in the Arctic.
Indian Economy@75: Achievements, Gaps and Aspirations for the Indian Centenary
Authors: Kumar Nagesh
Published: July 2022

One of the largest and richest economies of the world in much of the human history, India emerged from the colonial rule in 1947, as one of the poorest countries. Much has been achieved over the past 75 years in both economic and social terms. However, many challenges remain that need to be addressed over the next quarter century. In this essay, an overview of the key achievements and the gaps in India’s socio-economic development is presented, in the context ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’, celebrating India’s 75th year of Independence. It also summarises aspirations for the Indian Centenary that will be celebrated in 2047 and a vision of India’s global leadership, not only in economic terms but also in terms of prosperity that is more inclusive, more sustainable and more resilient to enable her to celebrate the Centenary with a greater sense of national pride, achievement and fulfilment, becoming a role model for the developing world!

JEL Codes: O53, O14, O11, O12
The Correlation Between Self-Compassion and Life Satisfaction Varies Across Societal Individualism-Collectivism: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Haobi , Lou Xiaobin
Published: July 2022

Self-compassion is positively correlated with life satisfaction. However, no previous work examined the cross-cultural difference regarding the effect size of this correlation. Using 79 independent samples ( N = 23,976) from 26 countries/regions, this three-level meta-analysis synthesized the effect sizes of their correlation, partitioned the between-study heterogeneity into the within- and between-country levels, and examined the moderating role of national culture according to the revised Minkov-Hofstede model. Results indicated that self-compassion was positively correlated with life satisfaction, with a moderate-to-large effect size (.40 ≤  r ≤ .47); 33.66% and 35.73% of the effect size variance could be attributed to the within-country and between-country heterogeneities; this correlation was stronger in samples collected from more individualistic societies. This study highlights that self-compassion may fit differently into different cultural realities and the importance of raising cultural awareness in future self-compassion research.