bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Pneumopericardium after Elective Ovariectomy in a Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia-Affected Dog: A Case Report
Authors: Campanile Debora , Cafaro Mariateresa , Paci Serena , Panarese Michele , Sparapano Giammarino , Masi Marina , De Simone Antonio
Published: February 2024

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) is an opening between the pericardial sac and the pleuroperitoneal membrane. Pneumopericardium is an infrequent complication of PPDH. This condition is a serious circumstance in which free gas accumulates in the pericardial sac. The present report describes the occurrence of pneumopericardium and pericardial effusion after elective ovariectomy in a dog affected by PPDH. The presence of an umbilical and diaphragmatic hernia was highlighted during ovariectomy, and a pneumopericardium was seen during an X-ray exam. At the time of admission to the hospital, the dog was asymptomatic. The diagnosis was performed by X-ray and ultrasonographic exams. Computed tomography examination confirmed the diagnosis and directed for a surgical approach of the congenital defect. Surgery resulted in resolution of PPDH and of pneumopericardium.
Molecular Analysis of Carbapenem and Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Strains: A Challenge for Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Gondal Aamir Jamal , Choudhry Nakhshab , Niaz Ammara , Yasmin Nighat
Published: February 2024

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains have become a global threat due to their remarkable capability to survive and disseminate successfully by the acquisition of resistance genes. As a result, the treatment strategies have been severely compromised. Due to the insufficient available data regarding P. aeruginosa resistance from Pakistan, we aimed to investigate the resistance mechanisms of 249 P. aeruginosa strains by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction for the detection of carbapenemases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), sequence typing and plasmid typing. Furthermore, we tested silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to evaluate their in vitro sensitivity against antimicrobial-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. We observed higher resistance against antimicrobials in the general surgery ward, general medicine ward and wound samples. Phenotypic carbapenemase-producer strains comprised 80.7% (201/249) with 89.0% (179/201) demonstrating genes encoding carbapenemases: blaNDM-1 (32.96%), blaOXA48 (37.43%), blaIMP (7.26%), blaVIM (5.03%), blaKPC-2 (1.12%), blaNDM-1/blaOXA48 (13.97%), blaOXA-48/blaVIM (1.68%) and blaVIM/blaIMP (0.56%). Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes and 16S rRNA methylase variants were detected in 43.8% (109/249) strains: aac(6′)-lb (12.8%), aac(3)-lla (12.0%), rmtB (21.1%), rmtC (11.0%), armA (12.8%), rmtD (4.6%), rmtF (6.4%), rmtB/aac(3)-lla (8.2%), rmtB/aac(6′)-lla (7.3%) and rmtB/armA (3.6%). In total, 43.0% (77/179) of the strains coharbored carbapenemases and aminoglycoside resistance genes with 83.1% resistant to at least 1 agent in 3 or more classes and 16.9% resistant to every class of antimicrobials tested. Thirteen sequence types (STs) were identified: ST235, ST277, ST234, ST170, ST381, ST175, ST1455, ST1963, ST313, ST207, ST664, ST357 and ST348. Plasmid replicon types IncFI, IncFII, IncA/C, IncL/M, IncN, IncX, IncR and IncFIIK and MOB types F11, F12, H121, P131 and P3 were detected. Meropenem/AgNPs and Amikacin/AgNPs showed enhanced antibacterial activity. We reported the coexistence of carbapenemases and aminoglycoside resistance genes among carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa with diverse clonal lineages from Pakistan. Furthermore, we highlighted AgNP’s potential role in handling future antimicrobial resistance concerns.
Bacterial Community- and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients with Critical COVID-19—A Prospective Monocentric Cohort Study
Authors: Doubravská Lenka , Htoutou Sedláková Miroslava , Fišerová Kateřina , Klementová Olga , Turek Radovan , Langová Kateřina , Kolář Milan
Published: February 2024

The impact of bacterial pneumonia on patients with COVID-19 infection remains unclear. This prospective observational monocentric cohort study aims to determine the incidence of bacterial community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia (CAP and HAP) and its effect on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at University Hospital Olomouc between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2022. The secondary objectives of this study include identifying the bacterial etiology of CAP and HAP and exploring the capabilities of diagnostic tools, with a focus on inflammatory biomarkers. Data were collected from the electronic information hospital system, encompassing biomarkers, microbiological findings, and daily visit records, and subsequently evaluated by ICU physicians and clinical microbiologists. Out of 171 patients suffering from critical COVID-19, 46 (27%) had CAP, while 78 (46%) developed HAP. Critically ill COVID-19 patients who experienced bacterial CAP and HAP exhibited higher mortality compared to COVID-19 patients without any bacterial infection, with rates of 38% and 56% versus 11%, respectively. In CAP, the most frequent causative agents were chlamydophila and mycoplasma; Enterobacterales, which were multidrug-resistant in 71% of cases; Gram-negative non-fermenting rods; and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, no strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected, and only a single strain each of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was isolated. The most frequent etiologic agents causing HAP were Enterobacterales and Gram-negative non-fermenting rods. Based on the presented results, commonly used biochemical markers demonstrated poor predictive and diagnostic accuracy. To confirm the diagnosis of bacterial CAP in our patient cohort, it was necessary to assess the initial values of inflammatory markers (particularly procalcitonin), consider clinical signs indicative of bacterial infection, and/or rely on positive microbiological findings. For HAP diagnostics, it was appropriate to conduct regular detailed clinical examinations (with a focus on evaluating respiratory functions) and closely monitor the dynamics of inflammatory markers (preferably Interleukin-6).
Evaluation of Antioxidant Effects of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Extract on Aging- and Menopause-Related Diseases Using Saos-2 Cells and Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Oh Joohee , Hong Sookyeong , Ko Seong-Hee , Kim Hyun-Sook
Published: February 2024

Aging and menopause are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, we evaluated the antioxidant properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed extract and assessed its ameliorative effects on aging- and menopause-related diseases using Saos-2 cells and ovariectomized rats. The seed extract had bioactive components that exhibited antioxidant activity. The extract increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of Saos-2 cells. The oral administration of the extract to ovariectomized rats for 12 weeks decreased their body weight, fat weight, and cardiac risk indices. It also contributed to reductions in the levels of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as assessed by measuring the serum levels of malondialdehyde and analyzing gene expression in rats. Furthermore, the administration of the extract also promoted an enhancement of the transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1), and catalase (Cat), involved in antioxidant activity; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos), involved in vasculoprotective activity; and PR/SET domain 16 (Prdm16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (Pgc1α), involved in brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis. Our results using ovariectomized rats show that pumpkin seed extract may have ameliorative effects on menopause-related diseases by increasing ALP activity, evaluating the antioxidant system, ameliorating oxidative stress and thermogenesis, and enhancing lipid profiles.
Healthy Effects of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Internal Medicine and Dentistry
Authors: Marrone Giulia , Basilicata Michele , Di Lauro Manuela , Vita Chiara , Masci Claudia , Klinger Francesca Gioia , Cornali Kevin , Maddaloni Gianluca , Bollero Patrizio , De Lorenzo Antonino , Noce Annalisa
Published: February 2024

Punica granatum L., commonly known as pomegranate, is a typical fruit of Asia, Mediterranean countries, the Middle East and the USA. While in ancient times pomegranate was considered an ornamental plant, nowadays numerous scientific studies have highlighted its antioxidant and anti-radical activities, making it a “superfood”. Pomegranate presents a high content of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), and its consumption appears to exert numerous healthy effects, in particular, in several pathological conditions as metabolic syndrome, cancer, nephrolithiasis, urinary tract infections and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, recent studies have pointed out the possible beneficial action of pomegranate on oral health. For these reasons, the utility of pomegranate in internal medicine and dentistry represents a promising field, as it could enable the development of innovative natural adjuvant therapies and empower standard pharmaceutical therapies.
Influence of Eisenia fetida on the Nematode Populations during Vermicomposting Process
Authors: Zapałowska Anita , Skwiercz Andrzej , Puchalski Czesław , Malewski Tadeusz
Published: February 2024

Vermicomposting stands as a sustainable and environmentally friendly waste management practice, leveraging the metabolic prowess of earthworms to facilitate the decomposition of organic matter into nutrient-rich compost. The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of Eisenia fetida on the density and the tropic structure of a nematode community during the vermicomposting process over a period of 3 months. Sewage sludge and green waste served as composting substrates. Overall, six compost variants were prepared consisting of three variants incorporating E. fetida and three control variants lacking E. fetida. Throughout the investigation, samples were gathered on a monthly basis, with each variant undergoing three repetitions. The aim was to isolate nematodes, determine the population density of the five trophic groups, and identify the dominant community. The anaysis was conducted employing both microscopic examination and molecular metabarcoding (NGS). It was shown that the bacterial-feeding community maintained dominance. The introduction of E. fetida into the compost led to a significant rise in the abundance of Diplogasteridae. In the variant without E. fetida, the amount of Diplodasteridae exceeded 0.1% only after the 30th (C3) or the 60th (C1, C2) day of composting, while in the compost with E. fetida, they were present in large amounts (ranging from 11.0% to 28.0%) already on the 30th day of composting. The introduction of Eisenia fetida also led to a notable reduction in H. gingivalis with significant implications for mitigating the risk of halicephalobiosis. The introduction of E. fetida resulted in reducing H. gingivalis to levels below 0.1% in all compost variants.
Lattice Structures Built with Different Polygon Hollow Shapes: A Review on Their Analytical Modelling and Engineering Applications
Authors: Chibinyani Munashe Ignatius , Dzogbewu Thywill Cephas , Maringa Maina , Muiruri Amos
Published: February 2024

Lattice structures are useful in the aerospace, automotive, infrastructural, and medical fields due to the way they incorporate a lightweight design and good mechanical properties, because of their hollow shapes. This review paper documents work carried out using various analytical models for lattice structures designed with different polygon hollow shapes, for loading in the in-plane and out-of-plane directions, in order to advise their ranking in terms of mechanical behaviour. A primer on lattice structures and polygon hollow shapes is first provided. This is followed by a review of relevant analytical models applied to lattice structures with various polygon hollow shapes that are available in the literature, and then a ranking of the polygon hollow structures in terms of their mechanical properties is performed. Following on from this, a review of the mechanical properties of polygon hollow structures is given. Engineering applications of different polygon hollow structures are then identified. A next-generation structural optimisation and design guide is then highlighted, and some of the primary prospective areas to be focused on when designing lattice parts are pointed out. The last section highlights current challenges, as well as recommendations for extending the use of design for the additive manufacturing of lattice parts.
Risk Management in Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Radiopharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Poli Michela , Quaglierini Mauro , Zega Alessandro , Pardini Silvia , Telleschi Mauro , Iervasi Giorgio , Guiducci Letizia
Published: February 2024

Risk assessment and management during the entire production process of a radiopharmaceutical are pivotal factors in ensuring drug safety and quality. A methodology of quality risk assessment has been performed by integrating the advice reported in Eudralex, ICHQ, and ISO 9001, and its validity has been evaluated by applying it to real data collected in 21 months of activities of 18F-FDG production at Officina Farmaceutica, CNR-Pisa (Italy) to confirm whether the critical aspects that previously have been identified in the quality risk assessment were effective. The analysis of the results of the real data matched the hypotheses obtained from the model, and in particular, the most critical aspects were those related to human resources and staff organization with regard to management risk. Regarding the production process, the model of operational risk had predicted, as later confirmed by real data, that the most critical phase could be the synthesis and dispensing of the radiopharmaceuticals. So, the proposed method could be used by other similar radiopharmaceutical production sites to identify the critical phases of the production process and to act to improve performance and prevent failure in the entire cycle of radiopharmaceutical products.
On the Noteworthy Properties of Tangentials in Cubic Structures
Authors: Volenec Vladimir , Kolar-Šuper Ružica
Published: February 2024

The cubic structure, a captivating geometric structure, finds applications across various areas of geometry through different models. In this paper, we explore the significant characteristics of tangentials in cubic structures of ranks 0, 1, and 2. Specifically, in the cubic structure of rank 2, we derive the Hessian configuration (123,164) of points and lines. Finally, we introduce and investigate the de Vries configuration of points and lines in a cubic structure.
Reducing Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Industrial Drying Processes in Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production: A Qualitative Technology Benchmark
Authors: Schütte Marius , Degen Florian , Walter Hendrik
Published: February 2024

As the world’s automotive battery cell production capacity expands, so too does the demand for sustainable production. Much of the industry’s efforts are aimed at reducing the high energy consumption in battery cell production. A key driver is electrode drying, which is currently performed in long ovens using large volumes of hot air. Several drying technologies from other industries could reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions if successfully applied to battery cell production. High process and quality requirements must be met when adapting these technologies for battery cell production. Evaluating the technologies against these requirements is difficult due to the technological novelty of this industry and the associated lack of data. Furthermore, the significant differences in drying technologies render a comparison even more challenging. One objective of this study was to evaluate drying technologies and identify those that could be best adapted to lithium-ion battery cell production. Near-infrared and laser drying were found to be the best in terms of energy efficiency, cost savings and other parameters. Another aim was to analyse, in more detail, the technological challenges and the advantages and disadvantages of the top-ranked drying technologies. Finally, the saving potential for greenhouse gas emissions of near-infrared and laser drying was calculated for a global production scenario of LIB cells in 2030. The saving potential in this scenario would amount to 2.63 million metric tonnes (Mt) CO2eq per year if near-infrared drying was applied in all global LIB cell production facilities within the mentioned scenario and 1.47 million Mt CO2eq per year for laser drying.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of Fibrinogen and Thrombin in Clot Formation and Structure for Plasma and Purified Fibrinogen
Authors: Risman Rebecca A. , Belcher Heather A. , Ramanujam Ranjini K. , Weisel John W. , Hudson Nathan E. , Tutwiler Valerie
Published: February 2024

Altered properties of fibrin clots have been associated with bleeding and thrombotic disorders, including hemophilia or trauma and heart attack or stroke. Clotting factors, such as thrombin and tissue factor, or blood plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen, play critical roles in fibrin network polymerization. The concentrations and combinations of these proteins affect the structure and stability of clots, which can lead to downstream complications. The present work includes clots made from plasma and purified fibrinogen and shows how varying fibrinogen and activation factor concentrations affect the fibrin properties under both conditions. We used a combination of scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and turbidimetry to analyze clot/fiber structure and polymerization. We quantified the structural and polymerization features and found similar trends with increasing/decreasing fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations for both purified fibrinogen and plasma clots. Using our compiled results, we were able to generate multiple linear regressions that predict structural and polymerization features using various fibrinogen and clotting agent concentrations. This study provides an analysis of structural and polymerization features of clots made with purified fibrinogen or plasma at various fibrinogen and clotting agent concentrations. Our results could be utilized to aid in interpreting results, designing future experiments, or developing relevant mathematical models.
Unraveling the Link between Ιnsulin Resistance and Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Bartziokas Konstantinos , Papaioannou Andriana I. , Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Gouveri Evanthia , Papanas Nikolaos , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: February 2024

Evidence from large epidemiological studies has shown that obesity may predispose to increased Th2 inflammation and increase the odds of developing asthma. On the other hand, there is growing evidence suggesting that metabolic dysregulation that occurs with obesity, and more specifically hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, may modify immune cell function and in some degree systemic inflammation. Insulin resistance seldom occurs on its own, and in most cases constitutes a clinical component of metabolic syndrome, along with central obesity and dyslipidemia. Despite that, in some cases, hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance has proven to be a stronger risk factor than body mass in developing asthma. This finding has been supported by recent experimental studies showing that insulin resistance may contribute to airway remodeling, promotion of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility and proliferation, increase of airway hyper-responsiveness and release of pro-inflammatory mediators from adipose tissue. All these effects indicate the potential impact of hyperinsulinemia on airway structure and function, suggesting the presence of a specific asthma phenotype with insulin resistance. Epidemiologic studies have found that individuals with severe and uncontrolled asthma have a higher prevalence of glycemic dysfunction, whereas longitudinal studies have linked glycemic dysfunction to an increased risk of asthma exacerbations. Since the components of metabolic syndrome interact with one another so much, it is challenging to identify each one’s specific role in asthma. This is why, over the last decade, additional studies have been conducted to determine whether treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus affects comorbid asthma as shown by the incidence of asthma, asthma control and asthma-related exacerbations. The purpose of this review is to present the mechanism of action, and existing preclinical and clinical data, regarding the effect of insulin resistance in asthma.
MARCKS Inhibition Alters Bovine Neutrophil Responses to Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Conley Haleigh E. , Brown Chalise F. , Westerman Trina L. , Elfenbein Johanna R. , Sheats M. Katie
Published: February 2024

Neutrophils are innate immune cells that respond quickly to sites of bacterial infection and play an essential role in host defense. Interestingly, some bacterial pathogens benefit from exuberant neutrophil inflammation. Salmonella is one such pathogen that can utilize the toxic mediators released by neutrophils to colonize the intestine and cause enterocolitis. Because neutrophils can aid gut colonization during Salmonella infection, neutrophils represent a potential host-directed therapeutic target. Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is an actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in many neutrophil effector responses. We hypothesized that inhibition of MARCKS protein would alter bovine neutrophil responses to Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) ex vivo. We used a MARCKS inhibitor peptide to investigate the role of MARCKS in neutrophil responses to STm. This study demonstrates that MARCKS inhibition attenuated STm-induced neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis. Interestingly, MARCKS inhibition also enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst in response to STm. This is the first report describing the role of MARCKS protein in neutrophil antibacterial responses.
“We Need to Raise Awareness and Never Give Up”: Israeli Druze and Muslim Arab Kindergarten Teachers’ Proactivity When Facing the Sexual Abuse of Their Students
Authors: Bar Gosen Noah , Sigad Laura I. , Shaibe Jordan , Halaby Amani , Lusky-Weisrose Efrat , Tener Dafna
Published: February 2024

Kindergarten teachers are expected to lead the intervention process in cases of child sexual abuse (CSA) in their kindergarten. This study examines the proactive role of Druze and Muslim Arab kindergarten teachers in addressing and coping with the CSA of their kindergarten students in Israel. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to investigate the semi-structured interviews conducted with eight Druze Arab and six Muslim Arab kindergarten teachers. Three distinct themes were revealed. The first theme described the participants’ fear and concern for their personal children and themselves when dealing with CSA incidents involving their students. The second and third themes described their proactive coping on two fronts: (1) inside their homes to protect their own children and (2) as educators within religious communities, using professional and religious principles to support CSA survivors and raise awareness among parents. The results emphasized the personal burden on kindergarten teachers coping with CSA in their kindergarten and, as mainly expressed by Druze kindergarten teachers, the contribution of religious values to CSA intervention and prevention processes among their students and communities. Thus, there is a need for comprehensive support that considers ethnic and religious characteristics and will be available to kindergarten teachers facing CSA in their kindergarten.
Nickel-Based Single-Atom Alloys for Methane Dehydrogenation and the Effect of Subsurface Carbon: First-Principles Investigations
Authors: Dong Naiyuan , Roman Tanglaw , Stampfl Catherine
Published: February 2024

Using ab initio calculations, the reaction path for methane dehydrogenation over a series of Ni-based single-atom alloys (Cu, Fe, Pt, Pd, Zn, Al) and the effect that subsurface carbon at the Ni(111) surface has on the reaction barriers are investigated. Due to the well-known problem of coking for Ni-based catalysts, the adsorption and associated physical properties of 0.25 ML, 1.0 ML, and 2 ML of carbon on the Ni(111) surface of various sites are first studied. It is found that the presence of subsurface carbon reduces the stability of the intermediates and increases the reaction barriers, thus reducing the performance of the Ni(111) catalyst. The presence of Al, Zn, and Pt is found to reduce the barriers for the CH4 → CH3 + H and CH3 → CH2 + H (Pt); and CH → C + H (Al, Zn) reactions, while Ni(111) yields the lowest barriers for the CH2 → CH + H reaction. These results thus suggest that doping the Ni surface with both Al or Zn atoms and Pt atoms, functioning as distinct active sites, may bring about an improved reactivity and/or selectivity for methane decomposition. Furthermore, the results show that there can be significant adparticle–adparticle interactions in the simulation cell, which affect the reaction energy diagram and thus highlight the importance of ensuring a common reference energy for all steps.
Understanding Developmental Cell Death Using Drosophila as a Model System
Authors: Umargamwala Ruchi , Manning Jantina , Dorstyn Loretta , Denton Donna , Kumar Sharad
Published: February 2024

Cell death plays an essential function in organismal development, wellbeing, and ageing. Many types of cell deaths have been described in the past 30 years. Among these, apoptosis remains the most conserved type of cell death in metazoans and the most common mechanism for deleting unwanted cells. Other types of cell deaths that often play roles in specific contexts or upon pathological insults can be classed under variant forms of cell death and programmed necrosis. Studies in Drosophila have contributed significantly to the understanding and regulation of apoptosis pathways. In addition to this, Drosophila has also served as an essential model to study the genetic basis of autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) and other relatively rare types of context-dependent cell deaths. Here, we summarise what is known about apoptosis, ADCD, and other context-specific variant cell death pathways in Drosophila, with a focus on developmental cell death.
Gas Sensing Performance of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Fabricated via Ochradenus baccatus Leaf
Authors: Khan Mohd Wajid Ali , Shaalan Nagih M. , Ahmed Faheem , Sherwani Subuhi , Aljaafari Abdullah , Alsukaibi Abdulmohsen K. D. , Alenezi Khalaf M. , Al-Motair Khalid
Published: February 2024

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by green synthesis using plant leaf extraction of Ochradenus baccatus and characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Since elevated CO levels have been associated with inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders and the methane gas primarily produced by gut microbiota and linked to gastrointestinal disorders and other abnormal methane levels in breath samples, the nanoparticles were applied for gas sensor fabrication. Thus, the gas sensors fabricated using ZnO nanoparticles were investigated for CH4, H2, CO, and NO2 gases. The gas sensing was performed for the fabricated sensors at various operating temperatures and gas concentrations. Interestingly, leaf-extracted green synthesized ZnO NPs were more sensitive to CH4, CO, and NO2 gases than to H2. The results of sensing studies revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit a selectivity toward gas depending on the gas type. The sensor response was also studied against the humidity. These findings bridge between the laboratory and industry sectors for future gas sensors development, which can be used for exhaled breath analysis and serve as potential diagnostic tools for highly sensitive contagious diseases.
The Effects of Ellagic Acid on Experimental Corrosive Esophageal Burn Injury
Authors: Keşim Dilek Aygün , Aşır Fırat , Ayaz Hayat , Korak Tuğcan
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of Ellagic acid (EA) on wound healing in sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-induced corrosive esophageal burn injury. The interaction networks and functional annotations were conducted using Cytoscape software. A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into control, corrosive esophageal burn (CEB) and CEB + EA groups. Burn injury was created by 20% NaOH and 30 mg/kg EA was per oral administered to rats. At the end of the 28-day experimental period, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured. Esophageal tissue samples were processed for histological staining. The EA–target interaction network was revealed to be involved in regulating crucial cellular mechanisms for burn wound healing, with epidermal growth factor (EGF) identified as a central mediator. An increase in animal weight in the CEB + EA group was observed in the EA-treated group after CEB injury. Burn injury increased MDA content, but EA treatment decreased its level after CEB injury. Stenosis index, collagen degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis levels were increased after CEB injury. EA treatment improved histopathology in the CEB + EA group compared to the CEB group. The expression of EGF was decreased in the CEB group but upregulated in the EA-treated group, suggesting a potential involvement of EA in cellular processes and tissue regeneration. EA, through its antioxidative and tissue regenerative properties, significantly contributes to alleviating the adverse effects of CEB injury, promoting wound healing.
Axial Compression Bearing Capacity of Bolted Drum-Shaped Spherical Shell Joints: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Yan Yajie , Liu Maoqing , Zhou Zichun , Ma Xingpeng
Published: February 2024

Bolted drum-shaped spherical shell joints (BDSSJs) represent a type of joint applicable to space grid structures. These joints merge the benefits of both bolted spherical joints and welded hollow spherical joints, embodying features such as a compact size, favorable centerline alignment with members, a high degree of adjustability, and high installation efficiency. Through unidirectional axial compression tests on specimens of BDSSJs, this study examines the stress distribution, force transmission pathways, ultimate bearing capacity, and failure modes of the joint, thereby determining its bearing capacity and presenting a bearing capacity calculation formula for such joints. By establishing a finite element model with parameters identical to the experimental specimens, this study analyzes the force and deformation of BDSSJs under unidirectional compression, identifying the high-stress areas during the compression process of BDSSJs. The findings of this study provide a basis for the practical engineering application of such joints, as well as theoretical support for subsequent dynamic performance into BDSSJs.
A New Method of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Automatic Identification of Lymphovascular Invasion in Urothelial Carcinomas
Authors: Ceachi Bogdan , Cioplea Mirela , Mustatea Petronel , Gerald Dcruz Julian , Zurac Sabina , Cauni Victor , Popp Cristiana , Mogodici Cristian , Sticlaru Liana , Cioroianu Alexandra , Busca Mihai , Stefan Oana , Tudor Irina , Dumitru Carmen , Vilaia Alexandra , Oprisan Alexandra , Bastian Alexandra , Nichita Luciana
Published: February 2024

The presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a poor prognostic finding. This is difficult to identify on routine hematoxylin–eosin (H&E)-stained slides, but considering the costs and time required for examination, immunohistochemical stains for the endothelium are not the recommended diagnostic protocol. We developed an AI-based automated method for LVI identification on H&E-stained slides. We selected two separate groups of UC patients with transurethral resection specimens. Group A had 105 patients (100 with UC; 5 with cystitis); group B had 55 patients (all with high-grade UC; D2-40 and CD34 immunohistochemical stains performed on each block). All the group A slides and 52 H&E cases from group B showing LVI using immunohistochemistry were scanned using an Aperio GT450 automatic scanner. We performed a pixel-per-pixel semantic segmentation of selected areas, and we trained InternImage to identify several classes. The DiceCoefficient and Intersection-over-Union scores for LVI detection using our method were 0.77 and 0.52, respectively. The pathologists’ H&E-based evaluation in group B revealed 89.65% specificity, 42.30% sensitivity, 67.27% accuracy, and an F1 score of 0.55, which is much lower than the algorithm’s DCC of 0.77. Our model outlines LVI on H&E-stained-slides more effectively than human examiners; thus, it proves a valuable tool for pathologists.
An Improved Approach for Generating Digital Twins of Cultural Spaces through the Integration of Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning Technologies
Authors: Konstantakis Markos , Trichopoulos Georgios , Aliprantis John , Gavogiannis Nikitas , Karagianni Anna , Parthenios Panos , Serraos Konstantinos , Caridakis George
Published: February 2024

The paper introduces an innovative methodology that combines photogrammetry and laser scanning techniques to create detailed 3D models of historic mansions within the Kifissia region of Attica, Greece. While photogrammetry excels in capturing intricate textures, it faces challenges such as lighting variations and precise image alignment. On the other hand, laser scanning offers precision in capturing geometric details but struggles with reflective surfaces and large datasets. Our study integrates these methods to leverage their strengths and address limitations, resulting in comprehensive and accurate digital twins of cultural spaces. The methodology section outlines the step-by-step process of integration, emphasizing solutions to specific challenges encountered in the study area. Preliminary results showcase the enhanced fidelity and completeness of the digital twins, demonstrating the effectiveness of the combined approach. The subsequent sections of the paper delve into a detailed presentation of the methodology, provide a comprehensive analysis of obtained results, and discuss the implications of this innovative approach in cultural preservation and broader applications.
Empowering Physically Disabled People in Vietnam: A Successful Microenterprise Model
Authors: Alexander June , Hutchinson Claire , Carey Greg
Published: February 2024

Background: Disabled people in Vietnam are some of the most vulnerable to disadvantage. Employment involving microenterprises can provide economic empowerment and wealth generation. This qualitative study aims to address a gap in the literature regarding the establishment of microenterprises for physically disabled people in Vietnam. Method: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with seven physically disabled individuals, including the founder and Director of ‘Company of Grace’ a non-governmental organisation with a mission to support physically disabled people in establishing their own microenterprises. Company of Grace (COG) supported six entrepreneurs in establishing microenterprises that provided English language instruction to school-aged children after regular school hours. Data were analysed utilising a framework that improves the probability of entrepreneurial success in developing countries. This framework aided in examining the approach of establishing microenterprises by the non-government organisation. Results: The physically disabled entrepreneurs reported earnings above average wages and feeling empowered by participating in the microenterprises. These feelings of empowerment were reportedly associated with greater independence, increased self-efficacy and confidence in planning for their futures. Conclusion: Microenterprises, exemplified by COG’s model, empowered disabled individuals to teach English, enhanced student engagement and fostered confidence and economic self-sufficiency among disabled entrepreneurs, thereby making a notable contribution to entrepreneurship for disability inclusion.
MoNA Bench: A Benchmark for Monocular Depth Estimation in Navigation of Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft System
Authors: Pan Yongzhou , Liu Binhong , Liu Zhen , Shen Hao , Xu Jianyu , Fu Wenxing , Yang Tao
Published: February 2024

Efficient trajectory and path planning (TPP) is essential for unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) autonomy in challenging environments. Despite the scale ambiguity inherent in monocular vision, characteristics like compact size make a monocular camera ideal for micro-aerial vehicle (MAV)-based UASs. This work introduces a real-time MAV system using monocular depth estimation (MDE) with novel scale recovery module for autonomous navigation. We present MoNA Bench, a benchmark for Monocular depth estimation in Navigation of the Autonomous unmanned Aircraft system (MoNA), emphasizing its obstacle avoidance and safe target tracking capabilities. We highlight key attributes—estimation efficiency, depth map accuracy, and scale consistency—for efficient TPP through MDE.
Demand for Money in the United States: Stability and Forward-Looking Tests
Authors: Kia Amir
Published: February 2024

This study shows that demand for money is a function not only of interest rate, real exchange rate, and personal consumption but also of fiscal variables like deficit, debt, and foreign-financed debt. It is stable over the short and long run. This study also covers the investigation of policy invariance of money demand, an important issue ignored so far in the existing literature on the demand for money in the United States. It was found that the behavior of agents in the money market changes as the real exchange rate, consumption, and interest rate change. Namely, agents in the money market are forward-looking, and their expectations are formed rationally. This also means that even though the parameters of money demand are stable, according to the stability test results, they can be unstable, as agents adapt their behavior based on any change in the exchange rate, consumption, and/or interest rate. In other words, the contemporaneous real exchange and interest rate variables are not superexogenous in demand for M1, and the contemporaneous consumption is not superexogenous in demand for M2.
Portuguese Validation of the TAPQoL: A Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument for Children Aged 0–6 Years
Authors: Ferraz Ana , Santos Martim , Pereira M. Graça
Published: February 2024

In Portugal, there are few generic and specific instruments to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children, especially those of preschool age. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQoL) in a community and clinical sample of children aged 0–6 years. The parents of 409 healthy children and 137 children undergoing treatment for burns and acute lymphoblastic leukemia completed the TAPQoL and were assessed on psychological morbidity and family functioning. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, as well as analysis of the psychometric properties as shown by internal consistency measures, convergent validity, and average variance extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an 11-factor structure with good psychometric properties. The current version of the TAPQoL is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing HRQoL in Portuguese preschool children in community and clinical settings.
Stock Price Prediction Using Candlestick Patterns and Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Chen Xiaozhou , Hu Wenping , Xue Lei
Published: February 2024

Accurately forecasting the trajectory of stock prices holds crucial significance for investors in mitigating investment risks and making informed decisions. Candlestick charts visually depict price information and the trends in stocks, harboring valuable insights for predicting stock price movements. Therefore, the challenge lies in efficiently harnessing candlestick patterns to forecast stock prices. Furthermore, the selection of hyperparameters in network models has a profound impact on the forecasting outcomes. Building upon this foundation, we propose a stock price prediction model SSA-CPBiGRU that integrates candlestick patterns and a sparrow search algorithm (SSA). The incorporation of candlestick patterns endows the input data with structural characteristics and time series relationships. Moreover, the hyperparameters of the CPBiGRU model are optimized using an SSA. Subsequently, the optimized hyperparameters are employed within the network model to conduct predictions. We selected six stocks from different industries in the Chinese stock market for experimentation. The experimental results demonstrate that the model proposed in this paper can effectively enhance the prediction accuracy and has universal applicability. In comparison to the LSTM model, the proposed model produces an average of 31.13%, 24.92%, and 30.42% less test loss in terms of MAPE, RMSE and MAE, respectively. Moreover, it achieves an average improvement of 2.05% in R2.
Fairness-Aware Dynamic Ride-Hailing Matching Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liang Yuan
Published: February 2024

The core issue in ridesharing is designing reasonable algorithms to match drivers and passengers. The ridesharing matching problem, influenced by various constraints such as weather, traffic, and supply–demand dynamics in real-world scenarios, requires optimization of multiple objectives like total platform revenue and passenger waiting time. Due to its complexity in terms of constraints and optimization goals, the ridesharing matching problem becomes a central issue in the field of mobile transportation. However, the existing research lacks exploration into the fairness of driver income, and some algorithms are not practically applicable in the industrial context. To address these shortcomings, we have developed a fairness-oriented dynamic matching algorithm for ridesharing, effectively optimizing overall platform efficiency (expected total driver income) and income fairness among drivers (entropy of weighted amortization fairness information between drivers). Firstly, we introduced a temporal dependency of matching outcomes on subsequent matches in the scenario setup and used reinforcement learning to predict these temporal dependencies, overcoming the limitation of traditional matching algorithms that rely solely on historical data and current circumstances for order allocation. Then, we implemented a series of optimization solutions, including the introduction of a time window matching model, pruning operations, and metric representation adjustments, to enhance the algorithm’s adaptability and scalability for large datasets. These solutions also ensure the algorithm’s efficiency. Finally, experiments conducted on real datasets demonstrate that our fairness-oriented algorithm based on reinforcement learning achieves improvements of 81.4%, 28.5%, and 79.7% over traditional algorithms in terms of fairness, platform utility, and matching efficiency, respectively.
Green Solvents for Extraction of Natural Food Colorants from Plants: Selectivity and Stability Issues
Authors: Tzanova Milena Tankova , Yaneva Zvezdelina , Ivanova Donika , Toneva Monika , Grozeva Neli , Memdueva Neli
Published: February 2024

Consumers associate the color of food with its freshness and quality. More and more attention is being paid to natural colorants that bring additional health benefits to humans. Such natural substances are the carotenoids (yellow to orange), the anthocyanins (red to blue), and the betalains (red and yellow), which are very sensitive to exposure to light, air, high temperatures, and chemicals. Stability and diversity in terms of color can be optimized by using environmentally friendly and selective extraction processes that provide a balance between efficacy, safety, and stability of the resulting extracts. Green solvents like water, supercritical fluids, natural deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids are the most proper green solvents when combined with different extraction techniques like maceration, supercritical extraction, and ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted extraction. The choice of the right extracting agent is crucial for the selectivity of the extraction method and the stability of the prepared colorant. The present work reviews the green solvents used for the extraction of natural food colorants from plants and focuses on the issues related to the selectivity and stability of the products extracted.
Indigenous Genealogies of Relational Knowledge: Cedar Tree and Gray Squirrel as Important Relatives and Teachers
Authors: Jacob Michelle M. , Sabzalian Leilani , Anderson Regan N. , Muniz Haeyalyn R. , Simmons Kevin , Beavert Virginia R.
Published: February 2024

Indigenous peoples have education systems thousands of years old that have sustained our peoples in respectful relation with place. The backbone of our education systems is our stories and storytelling traditions. Beyond mere intellectual or analytical “texts” or “literature”, our stories place us in webs of relationships with sacred responsibilities. In this article, we discuss the importance of Indigenous genealogies of knowledge from both personal expertise and Indigenous Studies scholarship. We then describe a project on Yakama homelands in which Sahaptin storytelling is honored as a knowledge system that guides leaders and educators in their work. This project demonstrates the important role Indigenous stories can play in fostering more respectful and responsive systems. We argue that if educational programs or institutions wish to develop and remain in respectful relationships with Indigenous peoples and place, leaders and educators must learn to value, learn from, and lead with Indigenous knowledges.
Associations between COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Overtime, Perceived Chronic Stress and Burnout Symptoms in German General Practitioners and Practice Personnel—A Prospective Study
Authors: Küppers Lucas , Göbel Julian , Aretz Benjamin , Rieger Monika A. , Weltermann Birgitta
Published: February 2024

Background: The mental burdens of general practitioners (GPs) and practice assistants (PrAs) during the COVID-19 pandemic are well investigated. Work-related conditions like overtime are known to contribute to perceived chronic stress and burnout symptoms. However, there is limited evidence regarding the specific mechanisms, which link pandemic-related overtime, chronic stress and burnout symptoms. This study used data from the IMPROVEjob trial to improve psychological well-being in general practice personnel. Methods: This prospective study with 226 German GPs and PrAs used the baseline (pre-pandemic: October 2019 to March 2020) and follow-up data (pandemic: October 2020 to April 2021) of the IMPROVEjob trial. Overtime was self-reported as hours above the regular work time. Perceived chronic stress was assessed using the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress Screening Scale (TICS-SSCS), while burnout symptoms were evaluated using a short version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). A mediation analysis investigated the differences of the three main variables between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Results: Burnout symptoms increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (p = 0.003). Overtime correlated positively with burnout symptoms (Total Effect: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.23). Decomposition of the total effect revealed a significant indirect effect over perceived chronic stress (0.11; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.18) and no significant direct effect (0.02; 95% CI: −0.08, 0.12), indicating a full mediation. Conclusion: In this large longitudinal study, pandemic-related overtime led to significantly higher levels of burnout symptoms, linked by a pathway through perceived chronic stress. Future prevention strategies need to aim at reducing the likelihood of overtime to ensure the mental well-being of practice personnel.