bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Liposome–Gel Formulations Containing a Next Generation Postbiotic: Characterization, Rheological, Stability, Release Kinetic, and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Studies
Authors: Gökçe Halise Betül , Aslan İsmail
Published: November 2024

In recent years, in addition to the positive effects of probiotics and prebiotics on health, increasing research has shown that postbiotics also have significant potential in the health field. Postbiotics are bioactive components produced by probiotic bacteria during fermentation and may exhibit antimicrobial activity. This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of liposomal postbiotics formulated in gel. Various postbiotic-containing liposomal systems have been developed and optimized to prepare formulations. Optimized liposomes and liposomal postbiotic-containing gel forms were examined in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, structural properties, encapsulation efficiency, permeability, release profiles, and stability. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of the postbiotics and the optimum gel formulation LG1 were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus hirae, and Candida albicans strains using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. The optimum liposome formulation L1 was determined to have a particle size of 185.32 ± 0.80 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.206 ± 0.012, a zeta potential of 35.0 ± 0.5 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 17.52%. Its permeability was determined as 51.52% at the end of 6 h. In vitro release studies showed that the drug release profile was in accordance with first-order kinetics and suitable for controlled release. The findings show that formulated postbiotics have similar antimicrobial activity to free postbiotics. These results suggest that liposomal gel formulations support the antimicrobial effects of postbiotics while providing advantages of use. In conclusion, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the antimicrobial potential of postbiotics and lipogelosomal postbiotics and optimize their use in pharmaceutical applications.
Developing Innovative Apolar Gels Based on Cellulose Derivatives for Cleaning Metal Artworks
Authors: Macchia Andrea , Zaratti Camilla , Ciogli Davide , Rivici Giovanni , Pilati Silvia , Sbiri Nereo , de Caro Tilde , Navarra Maria Assunta
Published: November 2024

The use of organic solvents, particularly those of a non-polar nature, is a common practice during cleaning operations in the restoration of polychrome artworks and metallic artifacts. However, these solvents pose significant risks to the health of operators and the environment. This study explores the formulation of innovative gels based on non-polar solvents and cellulose derivatives, proposing a safe and effective method for cleaning metallic artworks. The study is focused on a toxic apolar solvent, Ligroin, identified as one of the most widely used solvents in the cultural heritage treatments, and some “green” alternatives such as Methyl Myristate and Isopropyl Palmitate. The main challenge lies in overcoming the chemical incompatibility between non-polar solvents and polar thickening agents like cellulose ethers. To address this problem, the research was based on a hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) system and Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) to select appropriate surfactants, ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the formulated gels. Stability, viscosity, and solvent release capacity of gels were analyzed using Static Light Multiple Scattering (Turbiscan), viscometry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The efficacy of cleaning in comparison with Ligroin liquid was evaluated on a metal specimen treated with various apolar protective coatings used commonly in the restoration of metallic artifacts, such as microcrystalline waxes (Reswax, Soter), acrylic resins (Paraloid B44), and protective varnishes (Incral, Regalrez). Multispectral analysis, digital optical microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and spectrocolorimetry allowed for the assessment of the gels’ ability to remove the different protective coatings, the degree of cleaning achieved, and the presence of any residues. The results obtained highlight the ability of the formulated gels to effectively remove protective coatings from metallic artifacts. Cetyl Alcohol proved to be the most versatile surfactant to realize a stable and efficient gel. The gels based on Methyl Myristate and Isopropyl Palmitate showed promising results as “green” alternatives to Ligroin, although in some cases, they exhibited less selectivity in the removal of protective coatings.
Organogels of FmocFF: Exploring the Solvent-Dependent Gelmorphic Behavior
Authors: Saikia Basanta , Chen Dong , de Coene Yovan , Van Cleuvenbergen Stijn
Published: November 2024

FmocFF (9-fluorenyl methoxycarbonyl-phenylalanine) is an extensively studied low-molecular-weight hydrogel. Although there have been numerous studies on FmocFF hydrogel, its potential to form organogels has not been well explored. In this work, we systematically explore the organogels of FmocFF in a wide range of organic solvents. FmocFF is found to be a robust organogeltor, and the subsequent organogels exhibit diverse gelmorphic behavior exhibiting various degrees of crystallinity and morphology depending on the solvent used. The mechanical strength of the organogels is evaluated using rheology. A novel technique, in situ SHG microscopy, is introduced to study the gel structure in its native state. In addition to the solvent–solute interactions that are typically used to predict gelmorphic behavior, we observed indications that the degree of crystallinity also plays a significant role in determining the mechanical properties and structure of FmocFF organogels.
The Application of Conventional and Organic Fertilizers During Wild Edible Species Cultivation: A Case Study of Purslane and Common Sowthistle
Authors: Hajisolomou Efraimia , Neofytou Giannis , Petropoulos Spyridon A. , Tzortzakis Nikolaos
Published: November 2024

The introduction of alternative crops, including wild edible and medicinal plants, in organic cultivation systems presents an attractive approach to producing healthy and high-quality products due to their content in beneficial compounds and increased nutritional value. The current study evaluated the impact of organic and conventional fertilization on the growth, quality, nutrient status and stress response of the two wild edible species, e.g., purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), under field conditions. The fertilization treatments included the following: a control (NoFert) treatment with no fertilizers added, base dressing with conventional fertilization (CoFert), base dressing with organic fertilization (OrFert), base dressing and side dressing with conventional fertilization (OrFert + SCoFert) and base dressing and side dressing with organic fertilization (CoFert + SCoFert). Organic fertilization was carried out using a commercial vinasse-based organic fertilizer. In both purslane and common sowthistle, the application of organic fertilizers provided comparable or even enhanced plant growth traits, macronutrient content (i.e., P and K for purslane, and N for sowthistle) and quality (i.e., total soluble solids) compared to the application of conventional fertilizers. On the other hand, conventional fertilization with supplementary fertilization positively influenced the plant growth of purslane (i.e., plant height and stems biomass), as well as its physiological parameters (i.e., chlorophylls content), total phenolics content and antioxidant capacity (i.e., DPPH and FRAP). Similarly, conventional fertilization led to increased total phenolics and antioxidants in common sowthistle, while variable effects were observed regarding plant physiology, stress response and antioxidant capacity indices. In conclusion, the use of organic fertilization in both purslane and common sowthistle exhibited a performance similar to that of conventional fertilization, although further optimization of fertilization regimes is needed to improve the quality of the edible products.
Foliar Silicon Application in the Era of Climate Change as a Part of Strategy to Reduce Water Requirements in Mediterranean Viticulture
Authors: Dinis Lia-Tânia , Mota Natália , Martins Sandra , Ribeiro António Castro , Moutinho-Pereira José , Pereira Sandra
Published: November 2024

Rising temperatures and water scarcity due to climate change are significant challenges for Mediterranean viticulture, particularly in the Douro Valley, a prominent winemaking region. Silicon (Si) has gained attention as a potential solution for mitigating these environmental stresses, especially in areas with limited water resources. This study explores the foliar application of Si as a promising strategy to reduce water requirements in vineyards, specifically for the Touriga Franca variety, thereby supporting more sustainable water use. Four treatments were tested: non-irrigated control (C−), an irrigated control under a deficit irrigation regime (25% ETc; C+), and two Si concentrations (7% Si-Si1 and 20% Si-Si2) applied to non-irrigated plants. Results demonstrate that Si-treated plants improved physiological resilience, as evidenced by enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, greater water-use efficiency, and higher biochemical quality in both leaves and berries. Additionally, Si application increased leaf flavonoids and simultaneously improved must composition due to its overall influence on vine physiology, indicating its potential as a sustainable alternative to irrigation for reducing summer stress. This research suggests that foliar Si application could be a valuable, eco-friendly strategy to support sustainable viticulture under increasingly arid conditions, reducing the irrigation needs.
Borylated Monosaccharide 3-Boronic-3-deoxy-d-galactose: Detailed NMR Spectroscopic Characterisation, and Method for Spectroscopic Analysis of Anomeric and Boron Equilibria
Authors: Simone Michela
Published: November 2024

Drug leads with a high Fsp3 index are more likely to possess desirable properties for progression in the drug development pipeline. This paper describes the first detailed NMR analysis of the borylated intermediate 3-deoxy-3-boronodiethanolamine-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactofuranose and of the corresponding free monosaccharide analogue 3-boronic-3-deoxy-d-galactose in the early stage of the concurrent equilibrium processes of mutarotation and borarotation. A discussion of all potential equilibria is also presented alongside a comparison with relevant 11B-NMR data available from the scientific literature and our own library.
The Microbiome–Genetics Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Probiotic Perspective
Authors: Mihailovich Marija , Tolinački Maja , Soković Bajić Svetlana , Lestarevic Sanja , Pejovic-Milovancevic Milica , Golić Nataša
Published: November 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (commonly known as autism) is a complex and prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social behavior, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. It is projected that the annual cost of autism spectrum disorder in the US will reach USD 461 billion by 2025. However, despite being a major public health problem, effective treatment for the underlying symptoms remains elusive. As numerous literature data indicate the role of gut microbiota in autism prognosis, particularly in terms of alleviating gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, high hopes have been placed on probiotics for autism treatment. Approximately twenty clinical studies have been conducted using single or mixed probiotic cultures. However, unequivocal results on the effect of probiotics on people with autism have not been obtained. The small sample sizes, differences in age of participants, choice of probiotics, dose and duration of treatment, outcome measures, and analytical methods used are largely inconsistent, making it challenging to draw distinctive conclusions. Here, we discuss the experimental evidence for specific gut bacteria and their metabolites and how they affect autism in light of the phenotypic and etiological complexity and heterogeneity. We propose a personalized medicine approach for using probiotics to increase the quality of life of individuals with autism by selecting specific probiotics to improve particular features of the condition.
Novel Peptide–Drug Conjugates with Dual Anticancer Activity
Authors: O’Flaherty Siobhán , Luzina Olga A. , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S. , Krier Ysaline , Leprince Jérôme , Zakharenko Alexandra L. , Pokrovsky Mikhail A. , Pokrovsky Andrey G. , Lavrik Olga I. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. , Varbanov Mihayl , Devocelle Marc , Volcho Konstantin P.
Published: November 2024

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides, have established antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Conjugation of an AMP to a bioactive molecule with complementary activity can address some of the clinical limitations of the peptide candidate. This approach has been particularly applied in antimicrobial applications of AMPs, but it remains relatively less explored in the generation of anticancer candidates. In this study, two usnic acid derivatives, based on hydrazinothiazole and benzylidenefuranone pharmacophore moieties, respectively, were conjugated to L-K6, a lysine/leucine-rich AMP, through a new pyrazole ligation intrinsically driven by the cargo molecule. Both components, the usnic acid derivative and the peptide, are selectively active against cancer cells, by targeting the human DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and through DNA damage, respectively. The two conjugates, based on a hydrazone linkage, exhibited pleiotropic effects, ranging from reduction in the activity of the parent drugs to their conservation or even enhancement. Notably, the conjugates retained some anti-TDP1 activity and displayed intermediate, or even higher, cytotoxicities against glioblastoma cells, compared to their individual components.
Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of Synthesized Sarumine Derivatives
Authors: Yang Fangzhou , Jia Bin , Wen Hongli , Yang Xiufang , Ma Yangmin
Published: November 2024

Our aim in this study was to explain the biological activity of the latest azafluoranthene. The natural product sarumine (12) and its derivatives (13–17) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial and antitumor activities. The synthesis involved a simplified reaction pathway based on biaryl-sulfonamide-protected cyclization, and the compounds were characterized and studied using spectroscopic methods (1HNMR and 13CNMR). Most of the compounds demonstrated improved antibacterial activity. Notably, sarumine demonstrated potent activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis, with an MIC of 8 μg/mL, showing comparable inhibitory effects to the positive control. Furthermore, molecular simulation studies indicated that sarumine exhibited significant binding affinity to FabH. The inhibitory effect of Cl was superior to the others on the structure, and the antitumor activity result also suggested that the inhibitory ability in PC-3 displayed by the R1 derivatives of F and Cl substitutions was better than that of MDA-MB-231. These findings suggest that sarumine and its derivatives may represent new and promising candidates for further study.
Mechanistic Insights into the Stimulatory Effect of Melanogenesis of 4-Methylcoumarin Derivatives in B16F10 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Lee Ye-Jin , Hyun Chang-Gu
Published: November 2024

Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment, resulting in white patches on various parts of the body. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells that are responsible for producing skin pigment, are destroyed or stop functioning. This study aimed to investigate the melanogenic potential of various 4-methylcoumarin (4MC) derivatives, including 6-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (6M-4MC), 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (7M-4MC), 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (7A-4MC), 6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (6,7DH-4MC), 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (7,8DH-4MC), and 6,7-dimethoxy-4-methylcoumarin (6,7DM-4MC), in B16F10 melanoma cells. Our findings revealed that, while 4MC, 7A-4MC, 6,7DH-4MC, and 7,8DH-4MC did not exhibit any effect on melanin production, significant stimulation of melanogenesis was observed with 6M-4MC, 7M-4MC, and 6,7DM-4MC, with 6M-4MC demonstrating the most pronounced effect. 6M-4MC significantly stimulated melanin production and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in B16F10 cells. A Western blot analysis revealed that 6M-4MC increased the expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). Further mechanistic studies showed that 6M-4MC inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT), which led to the upregulation of MITF and TRP proteins and subsequent activation of melanin synthesis. Additionally, 6M-4MC activated GSK3β phosphorylation, reduced β-catenin phosphorylation, and stimulated melanogenesis via the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, a primary skin irritation test was conducted on the upper backs of 32 healthy female volunteers to assess the potential irritation or sensitization from 6M-4MC when applied topically at concentrations of 50 µM and 100 µM. The test results showed no adverse effects on the skin. Collectively, these findings suggest that 6M-4MC may be a promising pigmentation stimulator for use in cosmetics and in the medical treatment of hypopigmentation disorders, particularly in the treatment of skin conditions such as vitiligo.
Antiviral Effect of Amentoflavone Against Influenza Viruses
Authors: Cho Won-Kyung , Choi Hee-Jeong , Ahmad Syed Sayeed , Choi Inho , Ma Jin Yeul
Published: November 2024

Amentoflavone (AF) is a biflavonoid compound found in many plants. In this study, we first demonstrate that AF has a potent antiviral effect against the influenza virus via the inhibition of viral attachment and virucidal effects. The anti-influenza-viral effect of AF was evaluated using green fluorescent protein-tagged Influenza A virus (IAV) with fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. AF decreased the GFP expression by viral infection, dose-dependently. Fifty micromoles of AF suppressed the GFP expression by virus infection of up to 70% of untreated infected control cells. Consistently, immunofluorescence results showed the inhibitory effect of AF on viral protein expression. Time-of-addition and hemagglutination assays revealed that AF inhibits viral binding to cells by interfering with the hemagglutinin (HA) of IAV. Furthermore, AF has a virucidal effect and blocks cytopathic effects caused by the Influenza B virus and H3N2 IAV. Additionally, AF represses the neuraminidase (NA) activity of IAV. In silico analysis confirmed the potential interaction of AF with both HA and NA. Our findings indicate that AF has antiviral effects by modulating HA and NA during the attachment and release stages of influenza viral infection.
Extraction and Identification of Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes and Its Effect on Immunosuppression and Intestinal Barrier Injury Induced by Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Jin Xiaodi , Wu Zhiyong , Chen Hao , Liu Weiqi , Gu Fuhua , Li Jichang
Published: November 2024

Lentinus edodes serves as a significant source of both medicine and food, with its key component, lentinan (LNT), recognized as an effective immunomodulator. However, the mechanisms by which it regulates immune and intestinal functions under conditions of immunosuppression remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the components of lentinan and examine its potential effects on countering cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppression, intestinal barrier damage, and dysregulation of gut microbiota. In this study, the effects of LNT were evaluated by serological indicators, histopathological changes in ileum, tight-junction-related protein expression, cytokine expression levels, and gut microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that LNT was effective in mitigating the abnormalities in body weight, immune organ index, and serum levels of IL-6, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IgG in mice induced by CP (p < 0.05). Furthermore, LNT demonstrated the ability to alleviate intestinal barrier damage induced by CP by increasing the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, Occludin, and ZO-1 (p < 0.05). Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that LNT also normalized the disrupted abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidets caused by CP. This restoration brought the gut microbiota back to normal levels and increased the abundance of certain tumor-inhibiting bacteria, such as Alistipes. Overall, lentinan demonstrated the ability to reverse the immunosuppressive effects induced by cyclophosphamide and modulate gut microbiota to restore a healthy microbial balance.
DNAJC12 Deficiency, an Emerging Condition Picked Up by Newborn Screening: A Case Illustration and a Novel Variant Identified
Authors: Wong Tsz Sum , Wong Sheila Suet Na , Kwok Anne Mei Kwun , Wu Helen , Law Hiu Fung , Lam Shirley , Yeung Matthew Chun Wing , Chan Toby Chun Hei , Leung Gordon , Mak Chloe Miu , Belaramani Kiran Moti , Fung Cheuk Wing
Published: November 2024

DNAJC12 deficiency is a recently described inherited metabolic disorder resulting in hyperphenylalaninemia and neurotransmitter deficiency. The effect of treatment on the prevention of neurological manifestations in this newly reported and heterogenous disorder is not fully understood, and the optimal treatment strategy remains to be elucidated. The global or regional incidence of the disease is yet to be estimated. Here, we report the first individual diagnosed with DNAJC12 deficiency in Hong Kong; the condition was picked up by newborn screening due to hyperphenylalaninemia after ruling out phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency and other tetrahydrobiopterin related disorders. Compound heterozygous variants in the DNAJC12 gene were identified, which included a novel missense change and a nonsense pathogenic variant. Treatment with neurotransmitter precursors (tetrahydrobiopterin, levodopa, and oxitriptan) was initiated at four months of age, and dietary protein restriction was started at four years and six months of age. He remains asymptomatic at four and a half years of age, apart from having mildly impaired socio-communication and language development. In this report, we discuss the current diagnostic approach to hyperphenylalaninemia in newborn screening and the uncertainties that exist in the clinical outcome from earlier detection, treatment, and monitoring of DNAJC12-deficiency patients.
Reduced-Order Model of Coal Seam Gas Extraction Pressure Distribution Based on Deep Neural Networks and Convolutional Autoencoders
Authors: Hao Tianxuan , Zhao Lizhen , Du Yang , Tang Yiju , Li Fan , Wang Zehua , Li Xu
Published: November 2024

There has been extensive research on the partial differential equations governing the theory of gas flow in coal mines. However, the traditional Proper Orthogonal Decomposition–Radial Basis Function (POD-RBF) reduced-order algorithm requires significant computational resources and is inefficient when calculating high-dimensional data for coal mine gas pressure fields. To achieve the rapid computation of gas extraction pressure fields, this paper proposes a model reduction method based on deep neural networks (DNNs) and convolutional autoencoders (CAEs). The CAE is used to compress and reconstruct full-order numerical solutions for coal mine gas extraction, while the DNN is employed to establish the nonlinear mapping between the physical parameters of gas extraction and the latent space parameters of the reduced-order model. The DNN-CAE model is applied to the reduced-order modeling of gas extraction flow–solid coupling mathematical models in coal mines. A full-order model pressure field numerical dataset for gas extraction was constructed, and optimal hyperparameters for the pressure field reconstruction model and latent space parameter prediction model were determined through hyperparameter testing. The performance of the DNN-CAE model order reduction algorithm was compared to the POD-RBF model order reduction algorithm. The results indicate that the DNN-CAE method has certain advantages over the traditional POD-RBF method in terms of pressure field reconstruction accuracy, overall structure retention, extremum capture, and computational efficiency.
Zero Trust VPN (ZT-VPN): A Systematic Literature Review and Cybersecurity Framework for Hybrid and Remote Work
Authors: Zohaib Syed Muhammad , Sajjad Syed Muhammad , Iqbal Zafar , Yousaf Muhammad , Haseeb Muhammad , Muhammad Zia
Published: November 2024

Modern organizations have migrated from localized physical offices to work-from-home environments. This surge in remote work culture has exponentially increased the demand for and usage of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), which permit remote employees to access corporate offices effectively. However, the technology raises concerns, including security threats, latency, throughput, and scalability, among others. These newer-generation threats are more complex and frequent, which makes the legacy approach to security ineffective. This research paper gives an overview of contemporary technologies used across enterprises, including the VPNs, Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), proxy servers, Secure Shell (SSH) tunnels, the software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN), and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE). This paper also presents a comprehensive cybersecurity framework named Zero Trust VPN (ZT-VPN), which is a VPN solution based on Zero Trust principles. The proposed framework aims to enhance IT security and privacy for modern enterprises in remote work environments and address concerns of latency, throughput, scalability, and security. Finally, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework in various enterprise scenarios, highlighting its ability to prevent data leaks, manage access permissions, and provide seamless security transitions. The findings underscore the importance of adopting ZT-VPN to fortify cybersecurity frameworks, offering an effective protection tool against contemporary cyber threats. This research serves as a valuable reference for organizations aiming to enhance their security posture in an increasingly hostile threat landscape.
Fractional Intuitionistic Fuzzy Support Vector Machine: Diabetes Tweet Classification
Authors: Badi Hassan , Patriciu Alina-Mihaela , El Moutaouakil Karim
Published: November 2024

Support vector machine (SVM) models apply the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT-OC) optimality conditions in the ordinary derivative to the primal optimisation problem, which has a major influence on the weights associated with the dissimilarity between the selected support vectors and subsequently on the quality of the model’s predictions. Recognising the capacity of fractional derivatives to provide machine learning models with more memory through more microscopic differentiations, in this paper we generalise KKT-OC based on ordinary derivatives to KKT-OC using fractional derivatives (Frac-KKT-OC). To mitigate the impact of noise and identify support vectors from noise, we apply the Frac-KKT-OC method to the fuzzy intuitionistic version of SVM (IFSVM). The fractional fuzzy intuitionistic SVM model (Frac-IFSVM) is then evaluated on six sets of data from the UCI and used to predict the sentiments embedded in tweets posted by people with diabetes. Taking into account four performance measures (sensitivity, specificity, F-measure, and G-mean), the Frac-IFSVM version outperforms SVM, FSVM, IFSVM, Frac-SVM, and Frac-FSVM.
Studies of Various Batch Adsorption Parameters for the Removal of Trypan Blue Using Ni-Zn-Bi-Layered Triple Hydroxide and Their Isotherm, Kinetics, and Removal Mechanism
Authors: Sriram Ganesan , Baby Nimisha , Dhanabalan Karmegam , Arunpandian Muthuraj , Selvakumar Karuppaiah , Sadhasivam Thangarasu , Oh Tae Hwan
Published: November 2024

The present study addressed the removal of Trypan blue (TB) from water using a novel Ni-Zn-Bi-layered triple hydroxide (NZB LTH or NZB) synthesized through the co-precipitation technique. The physiochemical properties of NZB were analyzed before and after TB adsorption using XRD, BET, FESEM, FTIR-ATR, Raman, and XPS. Studies on adsorption indicate that 80 mg of NZB has a maximum TB removal effectiveness of around 96.7% at natural pH (~4.5–5.0). This study found that NZB has a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 5.3 mg·g−1 at dye concentrations ranging from 5 to 30 mg·L−1. When combined with various anionic dye mixtures, NZB’s selectivity studies showed that it is highly selective for the removal of TB and is also effective at removing cationic dyes. When compared to Na2SO4 and NaCl salts, NZB had a lower dye removal percentage for TB removal in the presence of Na2SO3. In an adsorption process, the interaction between the TB and NZB in an aqueous solution is caused by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, which are investigated in the adsorption mechanism. In comparison with ethanol and methanol, the recyclability investigation of NZB revealed the notable removal of TB using 0.1 M NaOH for the desorption. Therefore, the present investigation suggests that NZB is an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of TB from an aqueous solution.
Efficient Catalytic Reduction of Organic Pollutants Using Nanostructured CuO/TiO2 Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reusability
Authors: Abouri Mariyem , Benzaouak Abdellah , Zaaboul Fatima , Sifou Aicha , Dahhou Mohammed , El Belghiti Mohammed Alaoui , Azzaoui Khalil , Hammouti Belkheir , Rhazi Larbi , Sabbahi Rachid , Alanazi Mohammed M. , El Hamidi Adnane
Published: November 2024

The catalytic reduction of organic pollutants in water is a critical environmental challenge due to the persistent and hazardous nature of compounds like azo dyes and nitrophenols. In this study, we synthesized nanostructured CuO/TiO2 catalysts via a combustion technique, followed by calcination at 700 °C to achieve a rutile-phase TiO2 structure with varying copper loadings (5–40 wt.%). The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA–DTA), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The XRD results confirmed the presence of the crystalline rutile phase in the CuO/TiO2 catalysts, with additional peaks indicating successful copper oxide loading onto TiO2. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of all the functional groups in the prepared samples. SEM images revealed irregularly shaped copper oxide and agglomerated TiO2 particles. The DRS results revealed improved optical properties and a decreased bandgap with increased Cu content, and 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) and methyl orange (MO), which were chosen for their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nonbiodegradable properties, were used as model organic pollutants. Catalytic activities were tested by reducing 4-NP and MO with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of a CuO/TiO2 catalyst. Following the in situ reduction of CuO/TiO2, Cu (NPs)/TiO2 was formed, achieving 98% reduction of 4-NP in 480 s and 98% reduction of MO in 420 s. The effects of the NaBH4 concentration and catalyst mass were investigated. The catalysts exhibited high stability over 10 reuse cycles, maintaining over 96% efficiency for MO and 94% efficiency for 4-NP. These findings demonstrate the potential of nanostructured CuO/TiO2 catalysts for environmental remediation through efficient catalytic reduction of organic pollutants.
A Portable Photocollector for the Field Collection of Insects in Biodiversity Assessment
Authors: Motamedinia Behnam , Cardinal Sophie , Kelso Scott , Callaghan Carolyn , Ghahari Khorshid , Wilmshurst John F. , Skevington Jeff
Published: November 2024

Arthropod biodiversity research usually requires large sample collections. The efficient handling of these samples has always been a critical bottleneck. Sweep netting along transects is an effective and commonly used approach to sample diverse insects. However, sweep netting requires the time-consuming task of sorting insects from the large amounts of debris and foliage that end up in the sweep net along with the insects. To address this, we introduce a robust, portable, and inexpensive photocollector device with an LED light source to extract insects from sweep net samples in a standardized way. Timed field trials tested the photocollector’s efficiency in extracting live insect samples from debris, focusing on Hymenoptera and Diptera. We found that 73% (±13%) of undamaged specimens moved toward the collection bottle within the first hour and 79% (±13%) after four hours. Of the insects failing to move after four hours, most (81%) were damaged and likely unable to move. Accounting only for undamaged specimens, 83% (±11%) moved after 1 h and 90% (±11%) moved after 4 h. We found significant differences in when families of Hymenoptera and Diptera moved. We suggest that the photocollector can be a useful tool in standardized biodiversity assessments.
Projecting the Potential Global Distribution of Sweetgum Inscriber, Acanthotomicus suncei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Concerning the Host Liquidambar styraciflua Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Xiao Kaitong , Ling Lei , Deng Ruixiong , Huang Beibei , Cao Yu , Wu Qiang , Ning Hang , Chen Hui
Published: November 2024

Acanthotomicus suncei is a newly discovered bark beetle in China that significantly threatens the American sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua. In recent years, this pest has spread from its original habitat to many surrounding cities, causing substantial economic and ecological losses. Considering the wide global distribution of its host, Liquidambar styraciflua, this pest is likely to continue to spread and expand. Once the pest colonizes a new climatically suitable area, the consequences could be severe. Therefore, we employed the CLIMEX and Random Forests model to predict the potential suitable distribution of A. suncei globally. The results showed that A. suncei was mainly distributed in Southern China, in South Hokkaido in Japan, Southern USA, the La Plata Plain in South America, southeastern Australia, and the northern Mediterranean; these areas are located in subtropical monsoon, monsoonal humid climates, or Mediterranean climate zones. Seasonal rainfall, especially in winter, is a key environmental factor that affects the suitable distribution of A. suncei. Under future climates, the total suitable area of A. suncei is projected to decrease to a certain extent. However, changes in its original habitat require serious attention. We found that A. suncei exhibited a spreading trend in Southwest, Central, and Northeast China. Suitable areas in some countries in Southeast and South Asia bordering China are also expected to show an increased distribution. The outward spread of this pest via sea transportation cannot be ignored. Hence, quarantine efforts should be concentrated in high-suitability regions determined in this study to protect against the occurrence of hosts that may contain A. suncei, thereby avoiding its long-distance spread. Long-term sentinel surveillance and control measures should be carried out as soon as A. suncei is detected, especially in regions with high suitability. Thus, our findings establish a theoretical foundation for quarantine and control measures targeting A. suncei.
Investigating the Potential of X-Ray-Based Cancer Treatment Equipment for the Sterile Insect Technique in Aedes aegypti Control Programs
Authors: Wang Linmin , Liu Tingting , Xiao Liang , Zhang Haiting , Wang Cunchen , Zhang Weixian , Zhang Mao , Wang Ying , Deng Shengqun
Published: November 2024

The sterile insect technique (SIT) stands as an eco-friendly approach for mosquito control, but it is impeded by the limited availability of γ-ray radiation source. This research sought to investigate a different radiation source—the Varian Clinac 23EX linear accelerator, which is frequently used for X-ray therapy in cancer treatment. Evaluation parameters including emergence rate, average survival time, induced sterility (IS), male mating competitiveness of irradiated males and fecundity (the number of eggs per female per batch), and the egg hatch rate of females mated with irradiated males were assessed to gauge the application potential of this cancer treatment equipment in the realm of the SIT. The results indicated that X-rays from radiation therapy equipment can effectively suppress the hatch rate of offspring mosquitoes without adversely affecting the emergence rate of irradiated males or the fecundity of females. In addition, at an X-ray dose of 60 Gy, the induced sterility in Ae. aegypti was comparable to the sterility induced by 40 Gy of γ-rays with both treatments resulting in 99.6% sterility. Interestingly, when a release ratio of 7:1 (irradiated males:unirradiated males) was used to competitively mate with females, the IS results resulted by 60 Gy X-rays and 40 Gy γ-rays were still at 70.3% and 73.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the results underscored the potential of the Varian Clinac 23EX linear accelerator as an X-ray source in SIT research.
Attacks of Kalotermes flavicollis Fabricius (1793) and Associated Aspergillus Micheli ex Haller (1768) Species
Authors: Mirabile Giulia , Torta Livio , Lamendola Marika , Rizzo Maria Concetta , Manachini Barbara
Published: November 2024

The yellow-necked dry-wood termite Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabricius, 1793) (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae) is an important pest that infests wood in Europe. An increase in attacks by K. flavicollis has been seen in buildings and in churches in Palermo (Italy), with attacks on both structural elements and artefacts. Future climate changes are expected to lead to increasing temperatures, which will probably affect the pest status of this species, which is difficult to control. In this context, it is important to identify potential natural antagonists of K. flavicollis. During a survey of the K. flavicollis population, several dead individuals with evident fungal efflorescence were found. Therefore, a study aimed at the isolation and identification of these microorganisms was conducted. Fungal colonies isolated from mycelial structures grown on insects were identified based on morphological characteristics and DNA profiling. Three different species were identified: Aspergillus nomius, A. subramanianii, and A. tamarii. This is the first time that fungi have been recorded in association with the yellow-necked dry-wood termite and, in addition, this study reports the first association of A. subramanianii with Isoptera.
Assessing the Performance of Deep Learning Predictions for Dynamic Aperture of a Hadron Circular Particle Accelerator
Authors: Di Croce Davide , Giovannozzi Massimo , Montanari Carlo Emilio , Pieloni Tatiana , Redaelli Stefano , Van der Veken Frederik F.
Published: November 2024

Understanding the concept of dynamic aperture provides essential insights into nonlinear beam dynamics, beam losses, and the beam lifetime in circular particle accelerators. This comprehension is crucial for the functioning of modern hadron synchrotrons like the CERN Large Hadron Collider and the planning of future ones such as the Future Circular Collider. The dynamic aperture defines the extent of the region in phase space where the trajectories of charged particles are bounded over numerous revolutions, the actual number being defined by the physical application. Traditional methods for calculating the dynamic aperture depend on computationally demanding numerical simulations, which require tracking over multiple turns of numerous initial conditions appropriately distributed in phase space. Prior research has shown the efficiency of a multilayer perceptron network in forecasting the dynamic aperture of the CERN Large Hadron Collider ring, achieving a remarkable speed-up of up to 200-fold compared to standard numerical tracking tools. Building on recent advancements, we conducted a comparative study of various deep learning networks based on BERT, DenseNet, ResNet and VGG architectures. The results demonstrate substantial enhancements in the prediction of the dynamic aperture, marking a significant advancement in the development of more precise and efficient surrogate models of beam dynamics.
Females at a Clear Disadvantage with Postoperative Myocardial Infarction Symptoms
Authors: Guethoff Sonja , Kraft Rebekka , Riege Matthias , Grinninger Carola , Krajewski Kara
Published: November 2024

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in women. Gender bias and blindness are coming into focus as relevant risk factors for patients. To date, there have been no studies that target surgeons’ potential gender bias in recognizing postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: An online clinical vignette describing a patient with postoperative MI was randomized for gender. Possible diagnoses, the next steps in management, and questions on gender bias were assessed. Results: A total of 205 surveys were analyzed. MI was recognized in 55.6% of the male case studies vs. 32.0% of the female case studies in the first question (p < 0.005). Cardiac diagnostics were initiated significantly more in male case studies (94% vs. 76%, p = 0.001). Female surgeons listed MI as the first diagnosis twice as often as male surgeons overall (43% vs. 23%, p = 0.027). Female surgeons were also more likely to mention MI across the survey at all compared to male surgeons (89% vs. 67%, p = 0.0002). Board-certified surgeons diagnosed MI by the end of the survey significantly more (88.2%) than residents (75.0%) and medical students (75.0%, p = 0.047). Conclusions: Overall, this study was able to demonstrate the presence of both gender bias and gender blindness in surgeons’ assessment of postoperative myocardial infarction symptoms with a clear disadvantage for female patients and a superior awareness for female surgeons.
Near-Infrared Autofluorescence: Early Detection of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Alterations in Inherited Retinal Dystrophies
Authors: Kellner Simone , Weinitz Silke , Farmand Ghazaleh , Kellner Ulrich
Published: November 2024

Near-infrared autofluorescence (NIA) is a non-invasive retinal imaging technique used to examine the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) based on the autofluorescence of melanin. Melanin has several functions within RPE cells. It serves as a protective antioxidative factor and is involved in the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Disorders affecting the photoreceptor–RPE complex result in alterations of RPE cells which are detectable by alterations of NIA. NIA allows us to detect early alterations in various chorioretinal disorders, frequently before they are ophthalmoscopically visible and often prior to alterations in lipofuscin-associated fundus autofluorescence (FAF) or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Although NIA and FAF relate to disorders affecting the RPE, the findings for both imaging methods differ and the area involved has been demonstrated to be larger in NIA compared to FAF in several disorders, especially inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs), indicating that NIA detects earlier alterations compared to FAF. Foveal alterations can be much more easily detected using NIA compared to FAF. A reduced subfoveal NIA intensity is the earliest sign of autosomal dominant Best disease, when FAF and OCT are still normal. In other IRDs, a preserved subfoveal NIA intensity is associated with good visual acuity. So far, the current knowledge on NIA in IRD has been presented in multiple separate publications but has not been summarized in an overview. This review presents the current knowledge on NIA in IRD and demonstrates NIA biomarkers.
Clinical Efficacy of Two Different Low-Level Laser Therapies for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Karagözoğlu İrem , Demirkol Nermin , Parlar Öz Özge , Keçeci Gökçe , Çetin Beste , Özcan Mutlu
Published: November 2024

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a disease that causes severe pain that can seriously affect the quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two different low-level laser therapies (LLLT) as alternatives to medical treatment to reduce pain and improve the quality of life in patients with TN. Methods: A total of 45 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. In the first group, a new-generation diode laser (GRR laser) was applied at predetermined points in the trigeminal nerve line. In the second group, a low-level neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was applied along the affected nerve line. The placebo group received the same protocol with a Nd:YAG laser without the device switched on. The scores were recorded pre- and post-treatment using the Brief Pain Inventory-Facial (BPI-facial) scale. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-treatment values of all four variables in the GRR laser, Nd:YAG laser, and placebo groups. When the post-treatment values were compared, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in pain frequency, pain intensity, and interference in facial-specific activities, but no differences were found in general activities. Conclusions: Both LLLTs can be considered alternative treatment modalities for TN, but the GRR laser treatment was more effective than the Nd:YAG laser treatment in reducing pain and improving the quality of life in patients with TN.
Pandoraea Infections in Humans—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ziogou Afroditi , Giannakodimos Alexios , Giannakodimos Ilias , Tsantes Andreas G. , Ioannou Petros
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Pandoraea species are Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that belong to the Burkholderiaceae family and the Betaproteobacteria class. Despite their rare occurrence in the general population, they have been increasingly observed as the causes of infection in immunocompromised individuals or patients with severe comorbidities. The present review seeks to examine all documented cases of Pandoraea spp. infections in humans, focusing on data related to epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment options, and mortality rates. Methods: A systematic review was conducted through a literature search of the PubMed/MedLine and Scopus databases. This review is subjected to certain limitations regarding the data accuracy or pathogen identification molecular techniques applied in the studies. Results: In total, 29 studies provided information on 43 patients with Pandoraea spp. infections. The mean age of the patients was 42 years, and 58% were male. Cystic fibrosis was these patients’ most prevalent risk factor (39.5%). The most frequently reported types of infection were lower respiratory tract infections (74.41%) and bacteremia (30.23%), followed by infective endocarditis, pancreatitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and osteomyelitis (4.65%). P. apista was the most regularly isolated species (37.2%), while antimicrobial resistance was lower for carbapenems, especially for imipenem (17.14%). The most commonly administered antibiotics included carbapenems (82%), cephalosporins, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (35.89%). The infection outcome primarily depended on the type of infection; mortality rates were high (30.23%) and particularly elevated for bloodstream infections. The protocol for this review was registered in Prospero (ID: CRD42024579385). Conclusions: Due to Pandoraea’s unique antimicrobial resistance pattern and capacity to induce severe infection, clinicians should include it when making a differential diagnosis, especially in patients with severe comorbidities and immunodeficiency.