bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Northeast Pacific Wind on the Improvement of El Niño Prediction in a Climate Model
Authors: Huang Jing , Wang Xin , Song Zhenya , Chen Sheng
Published: November 2024

The role of the northeast Pacific wind in the dynamics of El Niño has been proposed in previous theoretical studies. However, the actual effect of northeast Pacific wind on improving El Niño prediction remains unclear, and the mechanisms through which northeast Pacific improves El Niño predictions are not fully understood. In this study, we investigate the role of northeast Pacific wind in improving El Niño prediction. By utilizing CESM that assimilates the northeast Pacific wind, the model improves prediction skills of ENSO indices at a lead time of 6–12 months, with a correlation three times higher than the predictions without nudged northeast Pacific wind. Nudging northeast Pacific wind in the model enhances the prediction of central Pacific (CP) El Niño, thus leading to approximately 30% increase in the hit ratio of correct prediction of El Niño. However, the model overestimates CP El Niño predictions when the nudged northeast Pacific wind is incorporated. The mechanisms for the improvement of northeast Pacific wind in El Niño predictions are investigated. In spring, El Niño development is attributed to the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback and oceanic downwelling induced by subtropical westerly wind stress. In contrast, during summer, El Niño development is dominated by the summer deep convection (SDC) response. During subsequent summer–autumn, anomalous surface latent heat flux related to wind speed and net shortwave radiation associated with the low cloud–SST feedback contribute to El Niño development. These processes are more favorable for CP El Niño development. This study implies that accurately simulating air–sea coupling associated with northeast Pacific wind may be an effective approach in improving El Niño prediction.
Can a 12-km GFS Model Simulate the Observed Relationship between Cloud Optical Properties and Extreme Rainfall of Indian Summer Monsoon?
Authors: Goswami Tanmoy , Mukhopadhyay Parthasarathi , Krishna R. Phani Murali , Rajeevan M. , Chowdhuri Subharthi
Published: November 2024

The increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation in different parts of the world is well documented and a cause for concern in terms of global climate change. Although clouds are the only source of precipitation, there is a lack of knowledge about the type of clouds involved in extreme precipitation events. Satellite- and ground-based observations show that over the central Indian region (19°–26°N, 75°–85°E), about 60% of the extreme precipitation comes from deep convective clouds (DCCs), which have a cloud-top pressure (CTP) of less than 440 hPa and a cloud optical thickness (COT) of over 23. It was also observed that cloud liquid water (CLW) and COT show the highest correlation with extreme precipitation. Furthermore, CLW and COT show the highest contrast between extreme and nonextreme precipitation events. Simulations by a 12-km Global Forecast System (GFS, spectral) model show that the model underestimates the extreme precipitation threshold with increased forecast lead time. The simulation of associated cloud optical parameters is also poor at all lead times in different parts of India. The model also fails to capture the observed relationship between the frequency of extreme precipitation and deep convective clouds without showing any correlation between them at all lead times. This is possibly because the model simulates the observed vertical structure of the apparent heat source poorly at all lead times which leads to poor simulation of the observed relationship between cloud optical properties and extreme rainfall.

Significance Statement

The occurrence of extreme rainfall events is on the rise across the globe, and India is no exception. Clouds are the only source of rainfall; however, there is a lack of understanding about what type of clouds is causing them. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the relationship between cloud, convection, and extreme rainfall events during the Indian summer monsoon months. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate the skill of the current-generation global models to simulate them. This study highlights how cloud optical properties, convection, and extreme rainfall events are related to each other and also finds that a 12-km GFS model simulates these observed relationships poorly at all lead times leading to the poor simulation of extreme rainfall events.
Efficacy and Validity of Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage as a Bridge to Surgery for Octogenarian and Older Patients With Acute Cholecystitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study in Japan
Authors: Nishiwada Satoshi , Tanaka Tetsuya , Hidaka Teruyuki , Kirihataya Yuki , Takei Takeshi , Sadamitsu Tomomi , Morimoto Takuma , Hata Kengo , Enoki Masaru , Osaki Yui , Matsumoto Kazusuke , Horiuchi Hazuki , Okura Yasushi , Sawai Masayoshi , Yoshimura Atsushi
Published: November 2024

Background

Japan currently has a super-aged society, with a rapid increase in elderly patients in need of medical care. Determining treatment strategies for acute cholecystitis (AC) in very elderly patients with various comorbidities is often difficult. Although percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is a less-invasive treatment option, its impact on subsequent surgery remains debatable. This study investigated the validity of PC as a bridge to surgery in very elderly patients with AC.

Methods

Of 215 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for AC at our hospital, we retrospectively investigated 83 patients aged ≥80 years—53 and 30 who underwent upfront surgery (US) and PC before surgery, respectively—to assess the treatment strategies and clinical course.

Results

The PC group had a significantly worse systemic status at diagnosis than the US group, including age, severity grading, comorbidities, performance status, systemic inflammatory status, and blood coagulation abnormalities, which improved after PC. The elective surgery rate was significantly higher in the PC group than in the US group. Despite the high number of severe cases in the PC group, surgical quality indicators, including the conversion rate to open surgery, operative time, blood loss, and critical view of safety achievement rate, tended to be better in the PC group, without severe perioperative complications.

Discussion

PC followed by cholecystectomy improves preoperative conditions, including systemic inflammation status and blood coagulation abnormalities, in very elderly patients, allowing safe elective surgical treatment while securing the quality of surgery and clinical outcomes.
Smart Decarceration: Is It Possible to Detain Fewer People and Reduce Arrests?
Authors: DeMichele Matthew , Silver Ian A. , Labrecque Ryan M.
Published: November 2024

This paper provides the results of a thought experiment to see what would have happened if a jurisdiction made release decisions solely based on risk assessment predictions of new arrests. Random forest imputation is used with data from all admissions to a large county jail system ( n = 28,188) to forecast new arrests for individuals detained by the court. After imputing outcome rates for the detained, we rank order everyone by their predicted probability of future arrest from lowest to highest probability and compare release and new arrest rates between the predicted outcomes and observed release decisions. The results show the risk-based release approach has the potential to reduce the detained population by 7% and reduce new arrests by 13% compared to current practices.
Novick Meets Bayes: Improving the Assessment of Individual Students in Educational Practice and Research by Capitalizing on Assessors’ Prior Beliefs
Authors: Zitzmann Steffen , Orona Gabe A. , Lohmann Julian F. , König Christoph , Bardach Lisa , Hecht Martin
Published: November 2024

The assessment of individual students is not only crucial in the school setting but also at the core of educational research. Although classical test theory focuses on maximizing insights from student responses, the Bayesian perspective incorporates the assessor’s prior belief, thereby enriching assessment with knowledge gained from previous interactions with the student or with similar students. We propose and illustrate a formal Bayesian approach that not only allows to form a stronger belief about a student’s competency but also offers a more accurate assessment than classical test theory. In addition, we propose a straightforward method for gauging prior beliefs using two specific items and point to the possibility to integrate additional information.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Vascular Response to Mechanical Compression during Induced Gingival Inflammation
Authors: Woo J. , Kripfgans O. , Wang I.-C. , Samal A. , Betancourt A.R. , Fenno J.C. , Chan H.-L.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the gingival vascular response to mechanical compression during inflammation using ultrasonography. Four female and 4 male Sinclair mini pigs 18 mo of age were included in the study. Pathogenic bacteria–impregnated silk ligatures were placed around the third premolars (PM3), fourth premolars (PM4), and first molars (M1). Ligatures were placed per quadrant at 2-wk intervals in random order. Ultrasonographic study was performed at 2-wk intervals following baseline until the 10th week. Brightness mode (B-mode) images and color flow cine loops were captured at 2 different conditions: 1 with only coupling gel between the ultrasound transducer and the mucosal surface and 1 with the transducer compressing the mucosal surface. The compression was visually adjusted until minimal to no blood flow was detected in color-flow mode. Compression was facilitated using a solid gel pad attached to the transducer. Strain values were obtained from B-mode images of the gel pad and plotted versus study weeks. The t test comparisons were obtained to the baseline (week 0). Data from female and male pigs were plotted and analyzed separately for comparison. Gel pad strain increased with peak around week 4 and gradually decreased in both sexes. In male pigs, the increase in strain was statistically significant in weeks 2, 4, and 6 of all teeth regions and week 8 of PM4 and M1 regions. In female pigs, the increase in strain was significant in only week 4 of PM4. Higher strain required for stoppage of blood flow implies increased gingival blood flow with inflammation, which corresponds with previous studies. Considerably smaller changes in gel pad strain were noted from female pigs, indicating a smaller increase in gingival blood flow compared with males. This study demonstrated a possible application of intraoral ultrasonography for assessment of gingival inflammation.
In the Gains from Trade as Firms Matter, So Do Their Sizes
Authors: Dash Sunil
Published: November 2024

This article examines whether the gains from economic integration agreements (EIAs) vary across firm sizes. The empirical analysis makes use of a unique and unbalanced panel dataset with 1,520 country pairs, firm sizes and EIAs from 2007 to 2017. First, we decompose the aggregate export flows across firm sizes, that is, micro, small, medium and large. Second, we deconstruct the extensive and intensive export margins across firm sizes. The empirical model follows a panel estimator with structural gravity specification and estimates the EIA coefficients by employing three-way (exporter-time, importer-time and country-pair) fixed effects. The results indicate that EIAs positively affect overall export flows for firms of all sizes; however, for large and medium-sized firms, this positive effect is primarily through the intensive margin, whereas, for the small and micro-sized firms, it is exclusively through the extensive margin.

JEL Codes: F1, F15
Online Allies? Exploring Black Travelers’ Perceptions of DMO Social Advocacy Statements
Authors: Tucker Charis N. , McGehee Nancy G. , Lamoureux Kristin M.
Published: November 2024

Many U.S. destination marketing organizations (DMOs) have utilized social media to express support for the Black community amidst the Black Lives Matter racial justice movement. Current research lacks insight into ways in which Black travelers judge these efforts known as advocacy statements. This study uses a 2 × 2 experimental design to examine how Black travelers evaluate various forms of statements. Additionally, this work explores the mediating role of relational legitimacy between advocacy statements and behavioral intentions and finds it to be significant. Black travelers in this study find statements containing both an image and text to be the most appropriate form of digital social advocacy. Organizations can leverage these findings to create effective advocacy campaigns that go beyond performative acts and reflect substantive policies and strategies.
Investigating the Transformative Power of Brand Love in Destination Crisis Recovery
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhu Hong
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the transformative power of brand love in destinations recovering from public health crises. Grounded in dual-process theory, it proposes a model to examine both the direct effect of destination brand love on travel intention and its indirect effect mediated by resistance to negative information. It also examines the moderating effects of perceived risk and destination brand trust in the relationship between brand love and travel intention. Both experiments (Studies 1, 2, and 4) and surveys (Studies 3 and 5) were employed to test the hypotheses. Studies 1 to 5 find that resistance to negative information mediates the effect of brand love on travel intention. Studies 4 and 5 indicate that perceived risk negatively moderates this relationship. Furthermore, Study 5 shows that destination brand trust positively moderates the moderating effect of perceived risk. This study offers critical insights for responding public health crises in destinations.
Navigating Perceived Employment Barriers: Sociodemographic Influences and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults
Authors: Seo Chang Hyun , Lee Kathy , Miller Vivian J. , Lee HeeSoon , Rodriguez Cristina
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the complex challenges surrounding the employment of older adults, investigating perceived barriers and their interaction with sociodemographic variables and life satisfaction. Utilizing data from 153 older adults and employing a cross-sectional design and multivariate analysis of covariance, the study uncovers significant associations between gender, age, race, and perceived barriers. Female, older, and racially diverse individuals report higher perceived employment barriers, indicating disparities influenced by sociodemographic factors. Gender and race interactions on these barriers are substantial, with life satisfaction emerging as a significant covariate affecting perceived employment barriers. These findings stress the importance of targeted interventions and policy reforms to address systemic inequalities and promote age-inclusive practices. By embracing diversity, fostering inclusivity, and championing age-friendly policies, stakeholders can create a more equitable labor market, empowering older adults to contribute meaningfully to society.
People Overestimate How Much Gossiping Encourages Listeners’ Self-Disclosure
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Fu Ruobing , Lu Jingyi
Published: November 2024

Gossip is ubiquitous. People gossip for several reasons. Beyond well-studied explanations, we propose an underexplored reason: tellers overestimate the extent to which gossiping encourages listeners’ self-disclosure. This overestimation is observed for gossip but not for nongossip, and for self-disclosure but not for disclosing information unrelated to oneself. We also document that tellers’ overestimation arises because tellers (vs. listeners) focus more on the trust that they convey to listeners by gossiping, whereas listeners (vs. tellers) focus more on their concerns about being the target of gossip in the future. This study identifies a novel misprediction and contributes to the literature on gossip by revealing a new motivation underlying gossiping. Practically, it provides an effective debiasing approach to mitigate tellers’ overestimation and consequently manage gossip.
The politics of jealousy and misogyny of Othello in Omkara
Authors: Singh Pankhuri
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on how William Shakespeare's plays may be translocated into the Indian setting. It analyses the approaches undertaken by film director Vishal Bhardwaj in transforming Othello into Omkara (2006). The dominant readings of the film suggest how Othello's colour and race have been adapted into Omkara's caste identity to fit it to the Indian context. I argue though, that Bhardwaj banks on the emotion of jealousy and insecurity arising from the emotion while downplaying the subject of caste.
Performance of respiratory therapy programs in the Saudi Respiratory Care Licensure Examination: Cross-sectional national results
Authors: Al-Otaibi Hajed M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of respiratory therapy programs. However, a national consensus is lacking in intended learning objectives, appropriate teaching methods, and suitable assessment tools. Consequently, variations in outcomes among these programs are expected. Aim: To evaluate the performance of respiratory therapy programs in the Saudi Respiratory Care Licensure Examination (SRCLE). Methods: The SRCLE data were retrieved from the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) database as of 18 March 2024. The datasets included the number of applicants, overall passing rates, maximum scores, and average scores. Data were categorized based on academic institution, including the type of university (governmental or private), nationality, gender, passing status, number of exam attempts, and year of examinations. Performance comparisons were conducted based on gender and year of examinations. Results: The database from the SCFHS shows that 1305 examinees underwent the SRCLEs from the second quarter of 2021 to the first quarter of 2024. Females accounted for 46% of the total, while Saudi examinees made up 97% of all applicants. The overall passing rate stood at 96%. The average score was 613, with the highest score recorded being 740. Notably, there was no significant difference in performance between males and females (p = 0.299). However, there was a considerable variance in performance based on the year of examination (p = 0.024). Conclusion: The existing data demonstrates that most respiratory therapy programs perform well in SRCLE. We found no significant differences based on gender or the type of school attended. Additionally, the performance of these programs has remained consistent over the years.
Female patients with acute aortic dissection type A (AADA): A gender-selective evaluation of the intensity of the surgical treatment
Authors: Arar Morsi , Martens Andreas , Rudolph Linda , Krueger Heike , Arar Victoria , Beckmann Erik , Shrestha Malakh , Kaufeld Tim
Published: November 2024

Objective

Acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) is a condition that affects both genders and requires urgent surgical intervention as non-operative treatment is often associated with a poor prognosis. Studies have proven that less aggressive surgical treatments influence the outcome for female patients in the fields of several diseases. The purpose of this study was to report and analyze our results in the selective cohort of female patients with AADA to detect differences in the treatment of this group of patients.

Methods

Between January 2000 and July 2018, 141 adult female patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) underwent repair of the aorta in our department. A total of 75 patients received a proximal arch. replacement (group A), and 66 patients received a subtotal (replacement of the brachiocephalic trunk) and/or total arch. replacement with elephant trunk or frozen elephant trunk (group B).

Results

The median age in group A was 70.7 years (range 60.7–74.7 years) and in group B 66.3 years (range 55.6–71.3 years). Operation times were significantly longer in group B (total operation time: A = 286.9 min (range 225.0–341.0 min), B = 341 min (range 266.0–392 min), p = .003; cardiopulmonary bypass time: A = 189.0 min (range 139.0–138 min), B = 238 min (range 176.8–300.5 min), p < .001; circulatory arrest time: A = 27.0 min (range 21.0–37.0 min), B = 42.0 min (range 32.0–56.3 min), p < .001). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding 30-day mortality (A = 24% ( n = 18), B = 19.7% ( n = 13), p = .538) and rate of reoperation (A = 13.3% ( n = 10), B = 15.2% ( n = 10), p = .757) or the preoperative characteristics.

Conclusion

Our study showed no significant difference in mortality rate depending on the type of operation. Based on these results, a proximal arch. replacement should be considered as the first line of operation technique if the individual situation allows. For inexperienced clinics and surgeons in particular, we recommend limited aortic repair in patients with AADA. Finally, location of the intimal tear remains the essential factor for the evaluation of the surgical treat.
The Important Role of Aesthetic Education in Universities: An Empirical Research of the Effects of Aesthetic Experience on the Emotions of University Students in China
Authors: Minmin Han , Mo Lu
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to explore the crucial role of aesthetic experience in influencing the emotions of Chinese college students. Using the Aesthetic Experience Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, a survey was conducted among 551 students in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China. The results of the survey indicate that aesthetic education can significantly promote the generation of positive emotions while helping to alleviate negative emotions. Among the dimensions of aesthetic experience, cognitive synergies and elaboration, paratelic mode, and expressive perception significantly and positively predict positive affect. This provides strong support for the implementation of aesthetic education in Chinese universities, and highlights the important role of aesthetic education in promoting the holistic development of college students.
Accuracy of Combined High Tibial Slope Correction Osteotomy Using 3-Dimensional-Planned Patient-Specific Instrumentation
Authors: Zindel Christoph , Hodel Sandro , Jud Lukas , Zimmermann Stefan M. , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Fucentese Sandro F.
Published: November 2024

Background:

If an increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) and concomitant unicompartmental osteoarthritis are present, a simultaneous sagittal (slope) and coronal correcting high tibial osteotomy has been recommended. However, no study has investigated the accuracy of such combined high tibial slope correction osteotomies.

Purpose:

(1) To report the accuracy of navigated high tibial slope correction osteotomies using patient-specific instruments (PSI) and (2) to analyze the influence of an open wedge osteotomy (OWO) versus a closed wedge osteotomy (CWO) and the hinge axis angle (HAA) on the accuracy of the PTS correction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All PSI PTS-reducing osteotomies performed at 1 institution between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed. Three-dimensional (3D) accuracy was defined as the mean absolute 3D angular difference between the planned and achieved surgical correction (in degrees) in 3D models of computed tomography data. The influence of OWO versus CWO and the HAA on the reported accuracy was analyzed and a cutoff defined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results:

Eighteen patients who underwent a slope-reducing CWO (n = 9) or OWO (n = 9) were included. The 3D accuracy for PTS was 2.3°± 1.1° (mean ± SD), with CWO being more accurate than OWO (1.4°± 0.9° vs 3.1°± 0.6°; P < .01). Accuracy strongly correlated with the HAA ( r = 0.788; P < .01). An HAA >38.9° predicted a PTS error >2° (odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04-1.20; P = .004]; area under the curve, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.89-1.00; P < .001]) corresponding to a coronal/sagittal correction of 0.8:1.

Conclusion:

Slope-reducing osteotomy can accurately be achieved using PSI. CWO demonstrated an increased accuracy when compared with OWO, which strongly depended on the HAA. With an aim of combined PTS and coronal correction, CWO should be considered the primary choice for accurate slope reduction with a coronal/sagittal correction cutoff of 0.8:1 (HAA, 38.9°).
Treatment of systemic sclerosis complicated with pyoderma gangrenosum with adalimumab: A case report of a rare disease
Authors: Ren Chengqiang , Yu Cheng , Zhang Maoquan , Li Ding , Zhao Yueyue
Published: November 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare noninfectious neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by recurrent, painful ulcers that commonly affect the lower extremities but can also involve other parts of the body. Over half of patients with PG have concomitant systemic immune diseases, with the association of PG with systemic sclerosis (SSc) being extremely rare. Treatment of PG primarily involves local therapy, steroids, and immunosuppressants, with an increasing emphasis on biologic agents. Among these, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonists are considered effective. The patient in this report was an elderly female with a history of systemic sclerosis for many years and initially presented with gangrenous ulcers on the fingertips. After inconclusive conventional treatment, adalimumab was added for 5 weeks, resulting in disease suppression, a reduction in ulcer size, and re-epithelialization of the skin lesions after 6 months.
Positive Neuropsychological Factors Associated With Greater Engagement in Brain Health Behaviors in Older Adults
Authors: Miller Luke R. , Divers Ross , Davis Katrail , Runk Ashlyn , Reed Christopher , Calamia Matthew
Published: November 2024

Background: Research has examined the influence of positive psychological factors including purpose in life (PIL), need for cognition (NFC), and psychological flexibility on behaviors that support brain health (i.e., preserved cognitive functioning and brain structures). However, more research is needed to examine their predictive validity in relation to other important factors in this context including emotional distress and dementia worry. Objective: The current study included 348 older adults who completed self-report measures of PIL, NFC, psychological flexibility, emotional distress, dementia worry, and brain health behavior engagement via Qualtrics. Results: Greater PIL was associated with more engagement in all brain health behaviors while NFC was only associated with more cognitive activity, heart health monitoring, and stress management. Psychological flexibility mediated the association between PIL and engagement. Conclusion: Our findings add evidence to the incremental validity of positive neuropsychological factors on engagement in brain health behaviors. Implications for neuropsychological interventions are discussed.
Work–Life Conflict Among Correctional Officers: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pedersen Daphne E.
Published: November 2024

Work–family conflict occurs when the demands of work make it challenging for employees to fulfill family obligations. Given that not all workers have a partner and/or children, but likely have a personal life that includes friends, hobbies, leisure and recovery activities, and extended family, some scholars now examine work–life conflict. For correctional officers, the unique occupational setting of the prison, which includes a high level of environmental adversity, leads to work–life conflict in a variety of forms: emotional strain, time-based conflicts, and engagement in behaviors that are incompatible with the needs of others and one's personal relationships outside of the prison. In light of this challenging intersection of occupational and personal life, this narrative review brings together these strands of empirical work; it provides a summary of literature addressing the antecedents and outcomes of work–family and work–life conflict among correctional officers and provides direction for future efforts. Together, studies indicate that aspects of the organization and the work environment conspire to make the management of these two domains difficult and as a result, job performance and personal life suffer. Empirical studies of CO work–life conflict are needed that examine person-environment fit, the proximal and distal factors resulting from such conflict including outcomes within the organization, and effects of work–life conflict on the families of COs, among others. Inadequate supports exist for staff facing conflict between work and personal life.
The Effectiveness of a Synchronous Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention on the Attentional Control and Mindfulness of Turkish Late Adolescents: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Gülden Çiğdem , Yalçın İlhan
Published: November 2024

The primary goal of this study was to examine the effects of a synchronous online mindfulness-based psychoeducation program on attentional control and mindfulness levels of Turkish late adolescents and the intervention experiences of the participants. A sample of adolescents ( n = 40, Mage 16.7) was randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. There were 10 participants in each four groups. The embedded design with a convergent approach was used. The quantitive data were obtained using the Solomon four group design while the qualitative data were obtained with phenomenological approach. The mindfulness-based intervention consisting of eight sessions and seven workshops was applied online to the experimental groups. The findings revealed that the attentional control and mindfulness levels of the adolescents in the experimental groups were significantly higher compared to the adolescents in the control groups. Regarding the qualitative findings, the adolescents stated that there were improvements in their levels of attentional control, regulating emotions, self-knowledge, self-confidence, optimism, effective communication skills, academic achievement and motivation to study after the program. The findings of the follow-up test showed that improvements in attentional control and mindfulness levels of the adolescents persisted for 8 weeks. The findings showed that the mindfulness-based intervention is a promising tool for late adolescents.
Synthesis and characterization of the chitosan-xanthan-graphene oxide film for bone regeneration using advanced cell therapy
Authors: Paiva Rafael Guedes de , Neves José Guilherme , Souza Alana , da Rocha Daniel Navarro , Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço , Costa Ana Rosa
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize polymer films at different graphene oxide (GO) concentrations for use in advanced cell therapy. Chitosan-xanthan (CX) films were prepared and combined with GO and then assigned to the following groups: G1 – CX; G2 – CX GO 0.5%; G3 – CX GO 1.0%; and G4 – CX GO 1.5%. The films were analyzed for their structural, mechanical, and biological properties by Raman and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (surface roughness measurement), Tensile Strength, and in vitro Bioactivity assay. Tensile strength and surface roughness data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of amide I and II bands (characteristic of chitosan) and carboxyl group (characteristic of xanthan). CO bands characteristic of GO were observed in groups containing these particles. Raman spectroscopy revealed D and G bands in the GO-containing groups. Film surface morphology exhibited a homogeneous, compact, and pore-free surface. The CX group had higher tensile strength (5.89 ± 1.62 KPa) ( p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the other GO-containing groups ( p > 0.05). The films induced the deposition of apatite crystals on their surfaces, exhibiting activity under biomineralization conditions. Graphene oxide added into chitosan-xanthan films enhanced surface roughness and bioactivity but decreased tensile strength. The synthesized CXGO films are promising for advanced cell therapy because of their physicochemical, morphological, and mechanical properties, which seem ideal for tissue regeneration.
An integrated longitudinal and lateral control of vehicle platoons
Authors: Yu Shuyou , Zhang Yajing , Li Yunyong , Chen Hong , Lin Baojun
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes an integrated longitudinal and lateral control scheme for a vehicle platoon with the predecessor-leader communication topology. Both longitudinal and lateral dynamics are established, where the lateral dynamics considers the influence of variance of the longitudinal velocity. The decoupled longitudinal and lateral controllers are designed, respectively. The longitudinal controller adopts the distributed model predictive control algorithm, which regulates the following vehicles to track the longitudinal velocity of the leading vehicle and to keep the inter-vehicle desired spacing. Both the recursive feasibility of optimization problem and the asymptotic consensus of vehicle platoons are analyzed. Furthermore, the lateral controller adopts a feedforward and robust feedback control strategy to track the reference path without offset of the lateral position error. Simulation results in joint of MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Variable weight MPC active suspension control based on visual road surface recognition
Authors: Xing Longlong , Kou Farong , Zhang Xinqian , Liu Pengtao , Wang Guohong
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a variable weight model prediction control strategy based on road surface recognition (VW-MPC-RSR), aiming to address the problems of road recognition timeliness and model prediction control (MPC) weight adjustment under multi-working conditions. The road surface recognition is achieved by utilizing the VIT-B/16 network model. A test set and a continuous frame video are used to verify the effectiveness of the road recognition strategy. At the same time, a 2-DOF suspension dynamics model is established, and the variable weight MPC control strategy based on road surface recognition is designed. The optimal weights of six road types are determined using a cross-comparison method, and the corresponding weight-switching strategy is formulated. The performance of VW-MPC-RSR active suspension, MPC active suspension, and passive suspension is compared by simulation. The results show that the road surface recognition strategy based on the VIT network can recognize various road states efficiently and accurately. In addition, the suspension control strategy designed in this paper can adjust the control parameters in real time according to road conditions and significantly improve the overall performance of suspensions.
A systematic and optimal design method for replacing steel backrest in automotive seat with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Long Jiangqi
Published: November 2024

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC) are extensively utilized in the lightweight design of automobiles due to their superior material properties. This study focuses on the automotive seat backrest as the subject of research. To address the challenge of achieving both lightweight and performance optimization in CFRPC, subsequent to replacing the steel backrest in automotive seat, a systematic optimization design method is proposed. Firstly, the experimentally validated finite element analysis model of a steel seat, subjected to four typical working conditions, is redesigned for the CFRPC backrest in automotive seat. Building upon this foundation, the optimization design of the CFRPC backrest is segmented into two phases: optimization of layup size and optimization of layup sequence. During the optimization of layup size, a sophisticated optimization strategy is employed. This strategy combines many-objective optimization and multi-criteria decision-making. It integrates the modified extensible lattice sequence experimental design, the hybrid surrogate model utilizes the global response search method in conjunction with weighted prediction error lowering, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III, the improved double combination weighting model of game theory, and the improved VIsekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje method, which incorporates Euclidean distance and gray relational analysis (IVIKOR-ED&GRA). This approach is utilized to ascertain the optimal count and thickness of the number of layers required for each specific angle. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimized CFRPC backrest, featuring refined layup dimensions, not only fulfills regulatory requirements but also enhances a majority of performance metrics, accompanied by a substantial weight reduction of 38.66%. Ultimately, the OptiStruct optimization technique of layup sequence is employed to further enhance the performance of the CFRPC backrest seat. This is achieved by modifying the layup stacking sequence, while maintaining the original material’s weight and the number of layups for each angle unchanged.
Is Mansplaining Gendered? The Effects of Unsolicited, Generic, and Prescriptive Advice on U.S. Women
Authors: Santoro Erik , Markus Hazel Rose
Published: November 2024

In light of popular accounts in the United States of “mansplaining,” we investigated the effects on women when others give them “unresponsive” advice (i.e., unsolicited, generic, and prescriptive recommendations). We show using both vignettes (Study 1) and live interactions (Study 2) that unresponsive advice (vs. responsive questions) from men negatively affected women’s self-perceptions, leaving them feeling less respected, powerful, and trusting and having a smaller size of self. The advice giver’s gender did not moderate these self-perception outcomes (Study 3), although women anticipated greater stereotype threat only when men, and not when women, gave them unresponsive advice. Similar effects were found using responsive advice instead of questions as the comparison condition (Study 4). Overall, these findings ( N = 4,394 U.S. adult women) suggest that it is the unresponsive nature of advice—and for certain outcomes the advice giver’s gender—that explain its effects on women. They point to the value of a responsive suggestion or question during conversations, particularly during cross-gender ones.
The Well-Being Costs of Informal Caregiving
Authors: Krämer Michael D. , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: November 2024

How does informal care affect caregivers’ well-being? Theories and existing research provide conflicting answers to this question, partly because the temporal processes and conditions under which different aspects of well-being are affected are unknown. Here, we used longitudinal data from Dutch, German, and Australian representative panels (281,884 observations, 28,663 caregivers) to examine theoretically derived hypotheses about changes in caregivers’ life satisfaction, affective experiences, depression/anxiety, and loneliness. Overall, results provided evidence for negative well-being effects after the transition into a caregiver role, with more pronounced and longer-lasting well-being losses in women than in men. We further found that well-being losses were larger with more time spent on caregiving, in both men and women. These results were robust across moderators of the caregiving context (care tasks, relationship with care recipient, and full-time employment). Together, the present findings support predictions of stress theory and highlight lingering questions in theoretical frameworks of care-related well-being costs.
Fintech law in the European Union, the United States and China: Regulation of financial technology in comparative context
Authors: Hutukka Päivi
Published: November 2024

This comparative study identifies and explains commonalities and differences in regulation of fintech in the EU, the US and China. Since fintech is deeply shaped by the local financial system, which fintech sectors have received more regulatory attention, as well as the pace and scope by which regulatory reforms fit for fintech in each jurisdiction have been introduced, are jurisdiction-specific. Although each jurisdiction has shown interest in developing its own central bank digital currency, motivations are partly rooted in different causes. Regulation of mobile payment and data protection also differ, with recent convergence to the EU approach. Similarities between the compared jurisdictions can be found in the policy aims for fintech regulation as well as in the struggle to balance these regulatory aims. Owing to the rapid pace and constant evolution of fintech, none of the jurisdictions has a single legislative framework for fintech nor a single fintech regulator, resulting in fragmented regulatory frameworks for fintech firms and services. The local level has been significant in regulating fintech while allowing space for regulatory flexibility and experimentation. Lastly, cryptocurrencies have raised similar concerns in all three jurisdictions, even if the regulatory approach has differed.
Colleague Care – Implementing a staff peer support program
Authors: Michael Sarah , Vrklevski Lila Petar , Innes Lesley , Hallahan Andrew , Lyons Blaise , Campbell Sharon , Slade Graeme , Richards Bethan
Published: November 2024

Objectives

In line with the widespread acknowledgement of the harms which can be caused to healthcare staff through their role in adverse events and unexpected patient outcomes, so is there now acceptance of the role of staff peer support programs to support these ‘second victims’ in a non-clinical way. Here, we share reproduceable steps that any service might take in creating their own staff peer support program.

Methods

We outline the establishment of a program in a NSW health-service encompassing several hospitals and services, from initiation of the program, customising it to our local needs, engaging the broader health service, launching the program, and the ongoing maintenance required.

Results

Dedicated resourcing and strong executive support have been essential to launch and maintain the program. Reaching all staff in a large organisation and building trust in the program’s confidentiality have been the main challenges.

Conclusions

Staff peer support programs, whilst early in their evidence, offer a way to provide practical, non-clinical support to staff harmed through adverse events in healthcare. Here, we offer methodology and learnings for all services to consider when implementing a localised program.
Evaluation of Posterior Superior Alveolar Canal in Individuals With Cleft Lip and Palate Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Tannishtha Tannishtha , Babu G. Subhas , Shetty Vikram , Ajila Vidya
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate the posterior superior alveolar canal (PSAC) in individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) by comparing them with individuals with no cleft lip and palate (NC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Setting

This is a cross-sectional, analytical study with a prospective sample.

Patients, Participants

CBCT scans of 29 individuals with no cleft and palate (Group I) and 29 individuals with cleft lip and palate (Group II) were used.

Interventions

PSAC was evaluated and compared for its position, diameter, and distance between the individuals with CLP and NC using CBCT scans.

Results

The mean age of individuals in Group I and II were 12.93 and 11.82 years, respectively. The distribution of individuals based on gender comprised of 51.7% males and 48.3% females in both the study groups. PSAC was present in both right and left maxillary sinus in 100% of the study subjects of Group I and Group II. The most prevalent position of PSAC in Group I and Group II was on the lower third and middle third of lateral wall of maxillary sinus, respectively. The mean diameter was higher in Group II (1.2962 mm) when compared to Group I (1.0897 mm) which showed statistically significant value ( P = .008).

Conclusion

The promising results obtained from the present study demonstrates the importance of knowing the precise anatomical location of the PSAC in individuals with cleft lip and palate by using CBCT which is reliable, less time consuming and cost effective imaging tool.
Fathers’ Ongoing Journey When a Child in the Family Has a Chronic Condition: A Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Danford Cynthia A. , Roberts Karyn J. , Foster Mandie J. , Giambra Barbara , Spurr Shelley , Polita Naiara Barros , Sheppard-LeMoine Debbie , Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Beierwaltes Patricia , de Montigny Francine , Lerret Stacee M. , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Polfuss Michele , Renée Caroline , Sullivan-Bolyai Susan , Somanadhan Suja , Smith Lindsay
Published: November 2024

This qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted with the aim to understand fathers’ experiences and involvement when their child has a chronic condition within family context. Family nurse researchers from five countries identified 19 studies through a systematic search. Inclusion criteria were: (a) fathers as primary informant; (b) children (<19 years) with a chronic condition; (c) written in English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese. Data were synthesized using thematic analysis. Four themes reflected fathers’ journey: “Juggling multiple roles” included protector, provider, and supporter; “Managing control” included relinquishing and regaining control; “Creating a new normal” addressed recovery; “Maintaining wellbeing” reflected multiple emotional responses and support found through partners, family, spirituality, and health care communities. Fathers desire to be involved in caring for their child with a chronic condition, yet involvement and experience are continually evolving due to various family needs. Health care providers should consider unconscious assumptions regarding fathers’ role in child care and encourage fathers’ involvement to facilitate family wellbeing.
Use of two general-purpose scales to assess clinical pharmacy activities in a cell transplantation unit
Authors: Quinet Florence , Gilliot Sixtine , Beauvais David , Vasseur Michele , Srour Micha , Magro Léonardo , Coiteux Valérie , Chauvet Paul , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Odou Pascal , Décaudin Bertrand , Simon Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The general-purpose rating scales used by clinical pharmacists to rate their activities have not been extensively studied in specialist care units. This study aims to describe drug-related problems (DRPs) and pharmacist interventions (PIs) in a French hematopoietic cell therapy (HCT) unit and to evaluate the PIs’ likely clinical, economic, and organizational impacts.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed all DRPs reported and all PIs issued between December 2018 and December 2021. The Act-IP scale was used to rate DRPs and PIs, and the ClEO scale was used to rate each PI's clinical, economic and organizational impacts. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the relationships between PIs and DRPs and between the three dimensions of the ClEO scale.

Results

The DRPs were most frequently related to drug-drug interactions (16.5%), physicochemical incompatibilities (15.5%), and drug monitoring problems (14.9%). 62.8% of the PIs had at least a moderate clinical impact. PIs that recommended drug monitoring were most frequent (26.8%), and most of these (75%) were likely to have prevented incidents that would have required patient monitoring or treatment.

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that after a slight adaptation, the Act-IP scale can be used to map clinical pharmacy activity in an HCT unit. More than 60% of the DRPs/PIs were likely to have had a positive impact on the patient's clinical outcome. All the PIs were rated with a positive organizational impact and PIs likely to lead to cost savings were balanced by those likely to increase costs.