bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New polysubstituted monoterpenic thiazolidinones: synthesis, spectroscopic and crystal structure studies
Authors: N'ait Ousidi Abdellah , Ait Itto Moulay Youssef , Auhmani Aziz , Riahi Abdelkhalek , Robert Anthony , Auhmani Abdelwahed , Daran Jean-Claude
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of three new polysubstituted monoterpenic thiazolidin-4-ones, namely (Z)-3-methyl-2-{(E)-[(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylidene]hydrazinylidene}thiazolidin-4-one, C14H21N3OS (2), (2Z,5Z)-5-[(dimethylamino)methylidene]-2-{(E)-[(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylidene]hydrazinylidene}thiazolidin-4-one, C16H24N4OS (3), and (2Z,5Z)-5-[(dimethylamino)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-{(E)-[(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylidene]hydrazinylidene}thiazolidin-4-one, C17H26N4OS (4), is reported, starting from the corresponding thiosemicarbazones obtained from naturally occurring (R)-camphor. All the newly obtained thiazolidin-4-ones have been fully characterized by HRMS and 1H and 13C (1D and 2D) NMR spectroscopy. Two of them, i.e.
2 and 3, were identified by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, confirming the synthetic pathway and the spectroscopic analyses. In 3, there are two roughly identical molecules within the asymmetric unit with the same absolute configuration. These two molecules are linked through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, building an R
2
2(8) graph-set motif.
Four 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylate derivatives: synthesis, molecular conformation and hydrogen bonding
Authors: Asma  , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Rathore Ravindranath S. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: November 2018

Four 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylate derivatives, one acid, two esters and a dicarbohydrazide have been synthesized starting from 3-aryl sydnones, and structurally characterized. There is an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond in 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, C11H8N2O4, (I), and the molecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework structure by a combination of O—H...O, O—H...N, C—H...O and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. In each of the two esters dimethyl 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylate, C13H12N2O4, (II), and dimethyl 1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylate, C14H14N2O4, (III), C—H...O hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of cyclic centrosymmetric dimers: in (III), one of the methoxycarbonyl groups is disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies 0.71 (2) and 0.29 (2). An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond is present in the structure of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,4-dicarbohydrazide, C12H14N6O3, (IV), and the molecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework structure by a combination of N—H...O, N—H...N, N—H...π(arene) and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Comparisons are made with the structures of a number of related compounds.
Programme implementation in schools: conceptualisations from Irish teachers
Authors: Murphy Christina , Barry Margaret M. , Nic Gabhainn Saoirse
Published: November 2018

Purpose

School-based programmes face a variety of personal, environmental and organisational challenges to implementation. Stakeholders can provide crucial contextual information to improve implementation. The purpose of this paper is to explore teachers’ perspectives on implementation through a bottom-up participatory process.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative participatory approach was employed. This comprised groups of teachers theorising and creating schemas of school-based implementation.

Findings

Two schemas were developed. Support, time, training and resources emerged as common components. Students and other educational stakeholders did not feature in either schema.

Research limitations/implications

The schemas were developed by teachers in Ireland. The findings are relevant to that local context and generalisability beyond this may be limited. The developed schemas contain structural and content components that appear in published conceptual frameworks of programme implementation. Thus, there is some correspondence between the views of published theorists and the current sample of teachers, particularly with regard to leadership and teacher motivation. There are also disjunctures that deserve exploration, such as the lack of reference to students.

Practical implications

Participatory schema development could be of particular value to trainers working with educators. The generated schemas provide useful detail on current perspectives, which could be valuable as part of any training process or the pre-planning stages of implementation.

Originality/value

This study describes a straightforward approach to revealing the perspectives of stakeholders that could help school-based implementation processes.
Nanoparticle transportation of CuO-H2O nanofluid in a porous semi annulus due to Lorentz forces
Authors: Sheikholeslami M. , Öztop Hakan F. , Abu-Hamdeh Nidal , Li Zhixiong
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to research on CuO-water nanofluid Non-Darcy flow because of magnetic field. Porous cavity has circular heat source and filled with nanofluid. Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) has been used to simulate this problem.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, LBM has been applied as mesoscopic approach to simulate water-based nanofluid free convection. Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to consider Brownian motion impact on nanofluid properties. Impacts of Rayleigh number, Darcy number, nanofluid volume fraction and Hartmann number on heat transfer treatment are illustrated.

Findings

It is found that temperature gradient decreases with rise of while it enhances with augment of Ha. Darcy number can enhance the convective flow.

Originality/value

The originality of this work is to analyze the to investigate magnetic field impact on water based CuO-H2O nanofluid natural convection inside a porous cavity with elliptic heat source.
Criteria for adoption of e-books in libraries in the context of the paradigm of cloud computing
Authors: Rodrigues Charles , Godoy Viera Angel Freddy
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to propose criteria and indicators for the adoption of e-books in libraries in the context of the cloud computing paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper carried out bibliographical and documentary research and the application of a questionnaire. Sampling focused on five library managers and five e-book vendor managers.

Findings

A proposal is presented containing a set of three criteria and their respective indicators. The technology platform criterion consists of seven indicators: patron data privacy, patron data security, availability of services, accessibility of information in e-books, interoperability of the technology platform, digital preservation and portability of e-books. The criterion for the acquisition of e-books involves three indicators: forms of commercialization, acquisition models and selection of e-book titles. The criterion for the circulation of e-books is divided into two indicators: unlimited and limited use. In the unlimited use mode, there are no limits on the use of e-books. In limited use, there are 11 levels of permissions: available copies, number of loans under each license, duration of the license, interlibrary loan, reading only in digital format, reading online via streaming only, download on the patron’s device, content printing, loan according to the patron’s identity, reservation services and renewal services.

Practical implications

This paper provides a set of criteria and indicators that can aid in the construction of policies and the development of collections, programs and projects directed toward the use of e-books in libraries.

Originality/value

This paper contributes socially by presenting a proposal that can support policies of evaluation and development of collections, projects, programs and actions around the adoption of e-books in different types of libraries.
Exploring the musculoskeletal problems and associated risk-factors among brick kiln workers
Authors: Sain Manoj Kumar , Meena M.L.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Prolonged working in repetitive and awkward postures can result in musculoskeletal disorders among workers involved in labour-intensive jobs like those of brick kiln workers. Unlike other labour-intensive sectors, workers in this particular sector have a lack of awareness about musculoskeletal problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore musculoskeletal issues and associated risk-factors among brick kiln workers.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 217 male and 111 female workers aged between 17 and 53 years. They were employed in traditional brick kiln units situated in Rajasthan, India. Postures were analysed by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and Rapid Entire Body Assessment methods. Binary logistic regression was used to find the association between musculoskeletal problems and risk-factors.

Findings

For the mould evacuating task, wrist (76.2 per cent) and lower back (56 per cent) issues were the most frequently reported musculoskeletal problems, while in spading task, lower back (62.4 per cent) and shoulder (57.7 per cent) problems were prominent. Musculoskeletal symptoms in one or more body regions were associated with personal and work-related factors including the type of task and experience.

Research limitations/implications

Kiln workers are exposed to high musculoskeletal and postural risks, particularly in spading and mould filling tasks. To reduce these risks, ergonomic interventions are needed.

Originality/value

It is recognised that the musculoskeletal health of brick kiln workers is a cause for concern. The present study provides the evidence of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms experienced by brick kiln workers and the association of symptoms with various risk-factors, which has not been addressed in previous studies.
Effects of consumer sensory perception on brand performance
Authors: Haase Janina , Wiedmann Klaus-Peter , Labenz Franziska
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Sensory perception is an important factor to understand and effectively appeal to consumers. As consumers process information consciously and subconsciously, both perception levels (explicit and implicit) are essential to investigate. This paper aims to analyze the effects of explicit and implicit sensory perception on brand experience and brand-related performance indicators and then investigate the correlations between the senses and experience dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a field experiment in a coffee house. For data collection, the authors used a questionnaire for explicit measures and a response latency measurement for implicit measures. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and a correlation analysis were conducted.

Findings

The results reveal positive relationships between explicit and implicit sensory perception, brand experience and brand performance in the context of gastronomy. Furthermore, implicit perception acts through explicit perception, and brand experience plays a major role as a mediator between sensory perception and consumer responses. Moreover, visual and haptic perception reveal the highest weights in the structural model and the strongest correlations with the experience dimensions.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to consumer research by providing empirical evidence for the importance of both the explicit and implicit sensory perception to effectively appeal to consumers. The results give valuable insights on the effectiveness of sensory marketing in generating memorable brand experiences and positive brand performance. Furthermore, the findings provide new knowledge on which senses (explicit and implicit) are related to different types of experiences.
Knowledge and attitude of essential newborn care among postnatal mothers in Bangladesh
Authors: Majumder Sharmin , Najnin Zannatul , Ahmed Shamim , Bhuiyan Shafi Ullah
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Neonatal mortality rate is 24 deaths per 1,000 live births in Bangladesh and most of them die during early neonatal period. The purpose of this paper is to assess the knowledge and attitude of neonatal care practices among postnatal mothers in a tertiary care hospital in order to provide a basis for the development of strategies to improve further.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh using a convenient sampling technique. In total 211 postnatal mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and χ2 test was used to analyze the data.

Findings

Among mothers, 37.9 percent were aged between 16–20 years; 16.1 percent had no institutional education; 55 percent were primipara and only 26.5 percent had attended antenatal visit for more than four times. Mothers had apparently good knowledge and attitude about thermoregulation, early initiation of breast-feeding, importance of providing colostrum to the newborn, exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) up to six months of age and immunization at birth. However, this study identified knowledge gap about cord care, eye care, first bathing and hygiene practices. Overall, only a small proportion of respondents had good level of knowledge (37 percent) and attitude (47.4 percent) on newborn care. Highly significant statistical association was found between the knowledge, attitude level and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Knowledge and attitude were strongly associated as well.

Research limitations/implications

There is scope for improvement by providing health education to antenatal and postnatal mothers. Therefore, implementation of the guidelines outlined in the Maternal and Child Handbook (MCH) is highly recommended.

Originality/value

There is scope for improvement by providing health education to antenatal and postnatal mothers. Therefore, implementation of the guidelines outlined in the MCH is highly recommended to enhance the knowledge and attitude on newborn care among postnatal mothers.
How cities can attract highly skilled workers as residents: the impact of city brand benefits
Authors: Schade Michael , Piehler Rico , Müller Andreas , Burmann Christoph
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of city brand benefits (cost efficiency, job chances, social life, recreation and self–brand connection) on highly skilled, potential residents’ attitudes toward the city brand.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature analysis and qualitative study inform a conceptual model, which is tested with structural equation modelling using 354 evaluations of the six largest German cities by 294 highly skilled, potential residents, in terms of their perceptions of city brand benefits and attitudes.

Findings

Social life and self–brand connection positively affect the city brand attitudes of highly skilled, potential residents. In contrast, cost efficiency, job chances and recreation do not affect these attitudes.

Research limitations/implications

The relevance of city brand benefits might be specific to a country or culture, so further research should test the conceptual model in other settings, including smaller cities. Further studies might compare the relevance of the effects for actual and potential residents.

Practical implications

Social life emerged as the most important city brand benefit, so cities must ensure they offer and communicate a rich social life. Cities also should identify and communicate congruent characteristics between the city and the self-concepts of relevant target groups.

Originality/value

This study identifies relevant and irrelevant city brand benefits for highly skilled, potential residents. In addition, it establishes self–brand connection as symbolic benefit that previous research into potential residents has not considered.
Student learning in the workplace
Authors: Simper Natalie , Gauthier Launa , Scott Jill
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to outline a proof of concept for a framework to support students in reflecting on and in articulating their disciplinary, contextual and professional learning in the workplace. The purpose of the framework was to help students to recognize and articulate their transferable employability skills in preparation for the workplace or further studies upon graduation.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers developed a Learning Evaluation and Reflection Narrative (LEARN) activity to facilitate real-world articulation of workplace learning. A group of work placement students completed pre- and post-work surveys, prompting reflection on their learning goals and behaviors. The Transferable Learning Orientation Survey comprised five constructs: goal orientation, learning belief, self-efficacy, transfer (deep learning) and organization. Subsequently, they completed a written reflection and a mock interview scenario, where they verbally articulated their abilities and the applicability of their skills. Results of thematic analysis are presented.

Findings

Survey results demonstrated changes in students’ orientation toward learning. Additionally, students were able to deliver sophisticated responses through engagement in the LEARN framework, articulating recognition and self-awareness of their personal and professional learning, as well as relevance of their learning within and beyond their workplace setting.

Research limitations/implications

The sample is small, and the authors therefore recommend further work to evaluate the effectiveness and practicality of the LEARN framework in larger cohorts and in alternate work environments.

Social implications

The responses suggest the LEARN framework are worthy of further investigation as a tool for students to articulate lifelong learning skills and behaviors, as it offers an opportunity for students to engage in reflective, deep learning.

Originality/value

This research builds on existing studies on the evaluation of lifelong learning, adapting a framework and testing its implementation in the workplace setting.
Pollution optimisation study of logistics in SMEs
Authors: Jaiswal Anand , Samuel Cherian , Ganesh G. Abhishek
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a solution for greening the supply chain of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by minimising the vehicular pollutant emission in the logistics network.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper proposes an optimisation model to reduce the pollution emission in the logistics of supply chain network in SMEs. The work considers vehicle routing and selection of suppliers, manufacturers and assemblers according to the availability of various Bharat Stage Emission Standards type vehicles. Introsort sorting based selection algorithm is used to solve the problem. The proposed solution is implemented using C++ on an experimental data set for analysing the model.

Findings

The outcome of the study is a pollution optimisation model for logistics of SMEs. The finding shows an approach to reduce total vehicular pollution emission in the logistics network in meeting the demand. The model is tested over an experimental study, and the result findings show which supply chain entities, type of environmental standard vehicles and vehicle routes are selected for the specific demand.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed model is confined to pollution optimisation with limited parameters only and does not consider cost and other factors that can be included in future work.

Practical implications

The work can be used for limiting pollution in logistics system as the corporate social responsibility of enterprises.

Originality/value

Proposed work presents a sustainable and green solution for pollution control in logistics activities of the SMEs.
Improving administrative decisions through expert systems: empirical analysis
Authors: Fahim Marwa Gaber Ahmed
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and identify the basic components, tasks and application areas of expert systems (ESs) as a decision support system that has been increasingly used in the business world lately and explore its potential for improving the effectiveness of administrative decisions in the public sector. Empirically, the paper explains the role of ESs in fostering decision-making processes at the Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation (MIIC) in Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of this research is descriptive in the theoretical section and quantitative in the empirical one. Theoretically, the study adopted both the analytical approach and systems approach to demonstrate main concepts and relationships, while it conducted an empirical study to investigate the correlations in practice.

Findings

The research concluded that the usage of ESs is deemed to be on the top of the technical solutions that might help public organizations develop their management quality and maintain competitive strength. In addition, the results proved that ESs contribute to administrative decisions at MIIC.

Practical implications

The paper provides profitable findings and recommendations which can be applied by Egyptian public executives, in an attempt to ensure high quality and successful decisions using modern technology.

Originality/value

This study has valuable implications for theory and practice together, as it offers numerous contributions to literature in the area of concern.
Local social value creation by neighborhood-based entrepreneurs
Authors: de Beer Marianne
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore local social value creation by entrepreneurs located in residential neighborhoods, what drives their behavior and the influence of their local social networks therein, both as a direct effect and through fostering local embeddedness.

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews are conducted with 18 neighborhood-based entrepreneurs in the Netherlands to explore whether these entrepreneurs are active in local social value creation and the different drivers of their behavior in that regard (personality, organizational, contextual and issue characteristics) in relation to their local social networks. The research neighborhoods are selected based on social cohesion and collective efficacy scores.

Findings

Most interviewees are active in social value creation. Personality characteristics are the main drivers of local social value creation. Local social networks have a direct, indirect and moderating effect, but are not prerequisites for local social value creation to occur. Local embeddedness through emotional attachment to the neighborhood also drives local social value creation.

Research limitations/implications

The findings suggest that neighborhood-based entrepreneurship is a source of local social value, indicating the need for additional and large-scale quantitative research on this type of entrepreneurial activity.

Social implications

The findings of this study can motivate policymakers to promote entrepreneurship in neighborhoods as a means of stimulating bottom-up local social value creation.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the debate on the social value of entrepreneurship and considers the understudied group of neighborhood-based entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the paper offers a conceptual contribution by focusing on the local social networks as a driver of local social value creation.
The factors affecting the re-employment satisfaction of middle-aged and older workers in South Korea: based on the mediation effect of family and employment types
Authors: Kim Sanghee
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine employment satisfaction of middle-aged and older workers who obtain a job after their initial retirement, and describe factors affecting employment satisfaction among workers focusing on family and employment types, and their mediating effects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study performed a secondary data analysis on data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (fifth wave of KLoSA) of the Korea Employment Information Service. The author used data from 1,307 middle-aged and older workers who obtained a new job after leaving the previous workplace from the 2014 KLoSA, and determined their employment satisfaction, family type and employment type.

Findings

In this study, high scores were indicated in turnover intentions of the participants, and job stability presented was lowest in the subcategories of employment satisfaction. Employment type showed a significant mediation effect between dwelling type and re-employment satisfaction (p<0.05).

Social implications

Middle-aged workers are a key human resource for economic growth in South Korea, which is faced with a “super aging” population. Recently, international society has encountered the same problems of low-birth rate and aging in their economically viable/or engaged. Our society and its members should realize the changes in population structure facing the world today and find effective strategies to stabilize employment among middle-aged workers. This study provides evidence for one of the differing perspectives on understanding employment turnover in middle-aged workers.

Originality/value

The South Korean Government could use this study’s findings in formulating a strategy concerning family types that improves re-employment satisfaction among middle-aged and older workers. Also, the path of mediation effects, such as choice of employment type, will need to apply to a strategy of work stability for middle-aged and older workers.
Gene cluster conservation identifies melanin and perylenequinone biosynthesis pathways in multiple plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: Ebert Malaika K. , Spanner Rebecca E. , de Jonge Ronnie , Smith David J. , Holthusen Jason , Secor Gary A. , Thomma Bart P. H. J. , Bolton Melvin D.
Published: November 2018

Perylenequinones are a family of structurally related polyketide fungal toxins with nearly universal toxicity. These photosensitizing compounds absorb light energy which enables them to generate reactive oxygen species that damage host cells. This potent mechanism serves as an effective weapon for plant pathogens in disease or niche establishment. The sugar beet pathogen Cercospora beticola secretes the perylenequinone cercosporin during infection. We have shown recently that the cercosporin toxin biosynthesis (CTB) gene cluster is present in several other phytopathogenic fungi, prompting the search for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of structurally similar perylenequinones in other fungi. Here, we report the identification of the elsinochrome and phleichrome BGCs of Elsinoë fawcettii and Cladosporium phlei, respectively, based on gene cluster conservation with the CTB and hypocrellin BGCs. Furthermore, we show that previously reported BGCs for elsinochrome and phleichrome are involved in melanin production. Phylogenetic analysis of the corresponding melanin polyketide synthases (PKSs) and alignment of melanin BGCs revealed high conservation between the established and newly identified C. beticola, E. fawcettii and C. phlei melanin BGCs. Mutagenesis of the identified perylenequinone and melanin PKSs in C. beticola and E. fawcettii coupled with mass spectrometric metabolite analyses confirmed their roles in toxin and melanin production.
Driving Better Health Policy: “It's the Evidence, Stupid”
Authors: Baicker Katherine
Published: November 2018

Health policy can be substantially improved by the use of high‐quality evidence, but this requires dedication and discipline. First, it is important to define policies with enough specificity to allow serious assessment. Second, articulating goals as distinct from policies is crucial to evaluating the most effective policies for achieving those goals. Third, researchers must assess an often nuanced body of evidence without allowing their own policy preferences to bias their interpretation. Last, researchers need to dedicate effort to timely, accessible, reliable translation in order for evidence to have a real impact on policy
Lifetime Alcohol Use Patterns and Risk of Diabetes Onset in the National Alcohol Survey
Authors: Kerr William C. , Ye Yu , Williams Edwina , Lui Camillia K. , Greenfield Thomas K. , Lown E. Anne
Published: November 2018

Background

Studies of the role of alcohol use in diabetes risk have rarely included lifetime alcohol use measures, including the frequency of heavy occasions, or evaluated risks among Black or Hispanic respondents in US samples.

Methods

Data from the 2014 to 2015 National Alcohol Survey of the U.S. population were used to estimate diabetes risk from drinking patterns at the time of onset in Cox proportional hazards models in a retrospective cohort design. Models for the population, males and females, and for White, Black, and Hispanic respondents of both genders were estimated using 2 versions of drinking pattern groupings at each age.

Results

While a number of significant results were found with the first version of the drinking measures, we focus on those confirmed with measures from responses strictly prior to the age of risk estimation. Compared to the lifetime abstainer group, the “drinking at least weekly with less than monthly 5+” group had a significantly lower hazard ratio (HR) for the total sample (HR = 0.64) and among Whites (HR = 0.42). Significantly reduced risks were found in the same models for those who drank 5+ at least monthly but not weekly. No significantly elevated risks were found for either current or prior heavy occasion drinking.

Conclusions

These results are consistent with some prior studies in finding reduced risks for regular light‐to‐moderate drinkers, but not consistent with findings from other studies showing increased risk from heavy occasion drinking, particularly among women. New and larger studies with well‐defined drinking pattern measures are needed, particularly for U.S. Blacks and Hispanics, to address varying results in this literature.
Prolonged central apnoea after intravenous morphine administration in a 12‐year‐old male with a UGT1A1 loss‐of‐function polymorphism
Authors: Toce Michael S. , Kim Hyun , Chung Sarita , Krauss Baruch S.
Published: November 2018

Adverse event

Repeated and prolonged episodes of central apnoea and hypoxia after receiving intravenous morphine for analgesia and ketamine for sedation.

Drug implicated

Intravenous morphine sulfate.

The patient

Previously healthy 12‐year‐old male with no history of sleep apnoea who presented with distal tibia and fibula fracture.

Evidence that links drug to event

Pharmacogenomic testing revealed that the patient was homozygous for the T allele at the rs887829 SNP in UGT1A1, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of morphine. This polymorphism is a loss‐of‐function variant, leading to impaired metabolism of morphine.

Mechanism

Morphine is metabolized by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)‐2B7 and UGT1A1 to form its major metabolites morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G) and morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G). Our patient was a poor metabolizer through UGT1A1, likely leading to increased respiratory depression as morphine has greater respiratory depressant effects compared to its metabolites.

Implications

When appropriate, physicians should enquire about prior receipt of opioids, in both the patient and family, to be better prepared for potential adverse reactions. In the patient with excessive sedation or respiratory depression to standard doses of morphine, genetic testing may be warranted, especially if there is a family or past history that supports a metabolic defect in morphine metabolism and/or excretion.
Reduced cerebrovascular reactivity among adolescents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Urback Adam L , Metcalfe Arron WS , Korczak Daphne J , MacIntosh Bradley J , Goldstein Benjamin I
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is excessive and premature among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), reflecting vasodilatory capacity of cerebral blood vessels in response to vasoactive substances, is a marker of cerebrovascular health. Despite informative findings in other diseases, CVR has not previously been examined in BD.

Methods

Twenty‐five adolescents with BD and 25 age and sex‐matched psychiatrically healthy controls (HCs) completed six 15‐second breath‐holds (BHs) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3‐Tesla. CVR was determined by comparing blood‐oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) signal changes. Voxel‐wise contrasts were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) was examined as a potential confound.

Results

CVR in the posterior cingulate gyrus and periventricular white matter was lower in BD vs HC. After controlling for differences in BMI, additional between‐group CVR differences were observed in the temporal poles, supramarginal gyrus, and lingual gyrus. There were no regions in which CVR was significantly greater in BD vs HC. CVR was not associated with mood symptoms.

Conclusions

This preliminary study provides evidence of cerebrovascular dysfunction in BD, including regions known to be susceptible to cerebrovascular dysfunction and/or disease. These findings warrant additional research on the causes and consequences of cerebrovascular dysfunction in early‐onset BD.
Testing models of post‐traumatic intrusions, trauma‐related beliefs, hallucinations, and delusions in a first episode psychosis sample
Authors: Peach Natalie , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , Cropper Simon J. , Sun Pamela , Bendall Sarah
Published: November 2018

Objective

There is increasing evidence that childhood trauma may play a role in the aetiology of psychosis. Cognitive models implicate trauma‐related symptoms, specifically post‐traumatic intrusions and trauma‐related beliefs as primary mechanisms, but these models have not been extensively tested. This study investigated relationships between childhood trauma, psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), post‐traumatic intrusions, and trauma‐related beliefs while accounting for comorbid symptoms.

Methods

Sixty‐six people with first episode psychosis aged between 15 and 24 years were assessed for hallucinations, delusions, childhood trauma, post‐traumatic intrusions, post‐traumatic avoidance, and trauma‐related beliefs.

Results

Fifty‐three per cent of the sample had experienced childhood trauma, and 27% met diagnostic criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder. Both post‐traumatic intrusions and trauma‐related beliefs mediated the relationships between childhood trauma and hallucinations, and childhood trauma and delusions. Multiple regression analyses revealed that post‐traumatic intrusions (but not childhood trauma, post‐traumatic avoidance, or trauma‐related beliefs) were independently associated with hallucination severity (β = .53, p = .01). Post‐traumatic intrusions and trauma‐related beliefs (but not childhood trauma or post‐traumatic avoidance) were independently associated with delusion severity (β = .67, p < .01 and β = .34, p < .01, respectively).

Conclusions

These findings support cognitive models that implicate post‐traumatic intrusions in hallucination aetiology, and post‐traumatic intrusions and trauma‐related beliefs in delusion aetiology. The results suggest that trauma and post‐traumatic stress disorder, including trauma‐related beliefs, should be addressed in the assessment and treatment of people with early psychosis.

Practitioner points

Trauma and post‐traumatic stress disorder, including trauma‐related beliefs, should be addressed in the assessment and treatment of people with early psychosis.

Routine assessment of childhood trauma and PTSD in clinical services dealing with young people with first episode psychosis is needed.

These findings support cognitive models of trauma and hallucinations and delusions.
Formal ways for measuring relations between concepts in conceptual spaces†
Authors: Bechberger Lucas , Kühnberger Kai‐Uwe
Published: November 2018

The highly influential framework of conceptual spaces provides a geometric way of representing knowledge. Instances are represented by points in a high‐dimensional space and concepts are represented by regions in this space. In this article, we extend our recent mathematical formalization of this framework by providing quantitative mathematical definitions for measuring relations between concepts. We develop formal ways for computing concept size, subsethood, implication, similarity, and betweenness. This considerably increases the representational capabilities of our formalization.
Using Spatial Filters and Exploratory Data Analysis to Enhance Regression Models of Spatial Data
Authors: Paez Antonio
Published: November 2018

Residual spatial autocorrelation is a situation frequently encountered in regression analysis of spatial data. The statistical problems arising due to this phenomenon are well‐understood. Original developments in the field of statistical analysis of spatial data were meant to detect spatial pattern, in order to assess whether corrective measures were required. An early development was the use of residual autocorrelation as an exploratory tool to improve regression analysis of spatial data. In this note, we propose the use of spatial filtering and exploratory data analysis as a way to identify omitted but potentially relevant independent variables. We use an example of blood donation patterns in Toronto, Canada, to demonstrate the proposed approach. In particular, we show how an initial filter used to rectify autocorrelation problems can be progressively replaced by substantive variables. In the present case, the variables so retrieved reveal the impact of urban form, travel habits, and demographic and socio‐economic attributes on donation rates. The approach is particularly appealing for model formulations that do not easily accommodate positive spatial autocorrelation, but should be of interest as well for the case of continuous variables in linear regression.
Detecting village‐level regional development differences: A GIS and HLM method
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Liang Chenxia , Li Jiacun
Published: November 2018

To respond to the problems that the previous research mainly targeted the poverty at larger scale and ignored individual effect or contextual effect during exploring poverty contributing factors, we attempt to use spatial cluster analysis and multilevel linear regression model to target the poverty at village level from the perspective of spatial poverty, so as to identify where the poor villages are, and why they are so poor, thereby targeting poverty interventions. Specially, we adopt four types of spatial cluster indices to detect the spatial aggregation distribution of villages, and design HLM model to examine the poverty contributing factors from both village level and county level. The case study from Wuling contiguous destitute area show that: (1) The overall distribution shows a spatial pattern of large scattered but small concentration, scatters‐polar core‐axis‐clump coexisted. (2) Poverty contributing factors at village level from high to low are: per cultivated area, safe drinking water access ratio, terrain type, suffered frequency of natural disasters, road access ratio, and distance from the nearest town’s bazaar. The contribution degree of county‐level factors to the villages’ poverty from high to low are: second gross enrollment ratio, per capita GDP. (3) 45.1% of the difference among the villages’ poverty degrees comes from the development differences among poverty‐stricken villages themselves, and 54.9% from that among counties they belong to. Contributing factors at village level account for 61.4% of the variation of village‐level independent variables, and factors at county level contributed to 65.3% of the variation of county‐level independent variables.
Functional integrity of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) resistant to dieldrin γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor channels conjugated with three fluorescent proteins
Authors: Huang Q.‐T. , Sheng C.‐W. , Jiang J. , Jia Z.‐Q. , Han Z.‐J. , Zhao C.‐Q. , Liu G.‐Y.
Published: November 2018

To generate an efficient tool used in Xenopus oocyte expression for in situ investigation of channel receptor expression, distribution and function, the C‐terminus of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) resistant to dieldrin (RDL) subunit was fused with *FP, including monomeric red, enhanced yellow or enhanced green fluorescent protein (referred to as mRFP, EYFP and EGFP, respectively). In the present study, all fused *FP‐AmRDLs could be visualized using fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy in cRNA‐injected oocytes. Fluorescence was distributed isotropically in the cellular membrane. The potencies of the agonist γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), but not β‐alanine, and the test antagonists (fipronil, flufiprole, dieldrin, α‐endosulfan, bifenazate and avermectin B1a) in the *FP‐AmRDL receptor did not significantly differ from that of the untagged receptor with two‐electrode voltage clamp detection. The half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of GABA in AmRDL, EGFP‐AmRDL, EYFP‐AmRDL and mRFP‐AmRDL receptors were 11.98, 12.61, 18.92 and 22.11 μM, respectively, and those of β‐alanine were 651.6, 629.6, 1643.0 and 2146.0 μM, respectively. Inhibition percentages of test antagonists against *FP‐AmRDL and AmRDL were not significantly different from each other. Overall, the consistency in functional properties between *FP‐AmRDL and AmRDL receptors makes pGH19‐*FP a promising tool for further in situ investigation of GABA receptors.
The effect of blended learning on the development of clause combining as an aspect of the acquisition of written discourse by Jordanian learners of English as a foreign language
Authors: Zibin Aseel , Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the effect of blended learning on the development of clause combining as an aspect of the acquisition of written discourse by Jordanians who are learning English as a foreign language. Sixty participants majoring in English language at the University of Jordan took part in this study. The participants were divided into treatment and control groups, and the experimental design of a pretest and posttest was employed to test the effectiveness of blended learning on the ability of these participants to combine clauses in English using parataxis or subordination through a writing task. The results reveal that the treatment group outperformed their control group counterpart on the posttest in terms of verb morphology, distinguishing between nucleus and subordinate clauses, use of parataxis, use of subordinate clauses for temporal reference and to structure information, among others. The results also show that the use of technological devices improved students' attitudes to learning clause combining and made the learning process easier and more enjoyable. We suggest that blended learning develops the techniques of clause combining by learners of English as a foreign language, which in turn enhances their discourse knowledge in the target language and positively affects their ability to package information.
Effect of technetium‐99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate (99Tc‐MDP) on OPG/RANKL/RANK system in vitro
Authors: Shen Shiying , Wang Weihong , Yang Chun , Xu Biao , Zeng Ling , Qian Yemei
Published: November 2018

Background

RANKL and RANK play an important role in jaw resorption during the development of the ameloblastomas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of 99Tc‑MDP on OPG/RANKL/RANK system on RAW264.7 and MC3T3‐E1 cell lines in vitro and provide the theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of the jaw ameloblastoma.

Methods

Different concentrations of 99Tc‐MDP were used to treat RAW264.7 and MC3T3‐E1 cell lines. The cell proliferative inhibition rate was analyzed by CCK‐8. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of OPG, RANKL, and RANK.

Results

Treatment of RAW264.7 cell lines with different concentrations of 99Tc‐MDP had inhibitory effects and decreased the expression of RANK protein. The cell proliferation of 99Tc‐MDP on MC3T3‐E1 cell lines was stronger at 48 hours than at 24 hours except for 100 μg/mL concentration group. Compared with the concentration of 0.01 μg/mL, the treatment of MC3T3‐E1 cells with 100 μg/mL 99Tc‐MDP showed that the cell proliferative effect decreased at 24 hours and 48 hours (P < 0.05). After treatment with 0.01 μg/mL 99Tc‐MDP, the expression of OPG in MC3T3‐E1 cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with 0.01 μg/mL, the expression of RANKL was decreased after treatment with 100 μg/mL 99Tc‐MDP (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

99Tc‐MDP can induce apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibit the expression of RANK protein. The effect of 0.01 μg/mL of low concentration of 99Tc‐MDP can promote the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells and increase the expression of OPG and RANKL protein. 99Tc‐MDP may have adjuvant therapeutic effects on the treatment of jaw ameloblastoma.
Habitat‐related differences in the adult longevity of two ecotypes of a specialized butterfly
Authors: Sielezniew M. , Kostro‐Ambroziak A. , Klimczuk P. , Deoniziak K. , Pałka K. , Nowicki P.
Published: November 2018

The life expectancy of adult butterflies is highly diverse. Substantial variation may be found among closely related species, and even on the intraspecific level, where it could be associated with sex, genetic differentiation, diet and weather conditions. We compared the demographic parameters of populations of the regionally endangered Boloria eunomia butterfly living in two different habitats. Across its boreal‐mountane distribution range in Europe, B. eunomia occurs in two ecotypes associated with wet meadows and raised bogs using distinct both larval and nectar plants. We carried out simultaneous studies of both ecotypes through mark–recapture surveys of two large populations in NE Poland, located close to each other. A total number of 1124 and 644 individuals were marked at the bog and meadow sites respectively, and 51 and 33% of them were recaptured at least once. The estimated adult population size of the bog population (about 3000) was twice as large as that of the meadow population, which however was characterized by more than three‐fold higher density. The emergence of imagoes was highly synchronized, and protandry was evident. The sex ratio was slightly male‐biased and the mean capture probability was significantly higher for males. More importantly, the estimated life span of males was considerably shorter than that of females at each site. Finally, both sexes of the ‘meadow’ ecotype lived significantly longer than those from the raised bog. The detected pattern can be related to distinct larval food plants and/or nectar resources, different pressures from predators, genetic variation and morphological differences affecting thermal properties. Further investigations would be useful to reveal if the shorter adult life span translates into reduced viability of bog populations and consequently whether they are potentially more threatened, at least in the southern margins of the distribution range in Central Europe.
Making Sense of the Messy Sixties: Introduction to a Review Symposium on Risa Goluboff's Vagrant Nation
Authors: Schmidt Christopher W.
Published: November 2018

This essay provides a summary and critical appraisal of Risa Goluboff's Vagrant Nation: Police Power, Constitutional Change, and the Making of the 1960s, a book that interweaves the stories of an eclectic cast of characters who were the targets of vagrancy law prosecutions with stories of the lawyers who challenged these prosecutions. In charting the demise of what she terms a “vagrancy law regime,” Goluboff provides insights on the major social and political developments of the 1940s through the 1970s, including the labor movement, the black freedom struggle, the antiwar movement, and the sexual revolution. Goluboff's most significant achievement is her ability to identify in seemingly scattered challenges to vagrancy law a coherent and historically significant episode of constitutional change. Although I question whether the book delivers on its promise to reframe the way we understand the “long 1960s,” Vagrant Nation nonetheless offers a model of how to integrate social history and doctrinal history into a compelling narrative of constitutional change.