bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Neurinoma Presenting as Intratumoral Bleeding
Authors: Lee Jen-Pei , Wang Alexander Dah-Jium
Published: May 2010

The authors report a case of acoustic neurinoma presenting as intratumoral bleeding. This is the tenth reported occurrence. The literature is reviewed. All cases that have been reported have appeared with sudden onset of headache, vomiting, and decreased levels of consciousness. Aneurysm rupture, an arteriovenous malformation, or other vascular anomalies are suspected first. Preexisting unilateral hearing impairment is a valuable clue to differential diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans and cerebral angiograms are important tools for correct diagnosis. The tumor size (<2 cm) and the thin, dilated vessels within the tumor are considered as pathogenetic factors for bleeding. When neurological status is not stable, placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt followed by urgent extirpation of the tumor is indicated.
Preservation of Brain Tumor Specimens for Drug Sensitivity Testing
Authors: Kapp John P. , Perkins Eddie , Tucker Elton
Published: May 2010

To examine the feasibility of shipment of brain tumor specimens to a central laboratory for drug sensitivity testing, an experimental gliosarcoma (9L) was grown subcutaneousley in rats, harvested, stored, and disaggregated. Growth of the disaggregated tumor cells in monolayer culture was evaluated after storage for various times at 2 to 6°C and 37°C in saline and minimum essential medium. Growth potential was maintained for 24 hours when tumor specimens were stored under refrigerated conditions and was best maintained when specimens were stored in saline. Specimens stored at 37°C grew best when stored in minimum essential medium, but growth potential was lost after 12 hours unless the specimens were refrigerated. Shipment of tumor specimens to a central laboratory for drug sensitivity testing appears to be feasible, since under most circumstances, specimens should reach the laboratory for processing within 24 hours of their removal. Storage and transport of specimens in saline on wet ice appears to be optimal.
Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Colombo Federico , Benedetti Antonio , Pozza Franco , Marchetti Cristina , Chierego Giorgio
Published: May 2010

A technique for linear accelerator radiosurgery has been used in clinical practice since 1982. The technique is based on multiple intersecting arc irradiations focused on a stereotactic target. From November 1984 to October 1988, 97 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations have been treated. Seventy-nine patients suffered one or more than one hemorrhage. Four patients had progressive neurological symptoms. In 14 patients, epilepsy was the principal complaint. Stereotactic localization was performed by stereotactic angiography. Lesion dimensions varied from 4 to 40 mm in diameter. Doses from 18.7 to 40 Gy were delivered in one or two sessions. Mean follow-up is 17.1 months (from 1 to 49). Four instances of minor rebleeding were observed after treatment: 3 patients complained of transient neurological deterioration. Of 56 patients who were followed longer than 1 year, 50 underwent 12-month follow-up angiography. In 26 patients complete obliteration of the malformation was demonstrated (52%), in 12 patients subtotal obliteration was obtained (24%), in 11 patients the obliteration was evident but not significant (22%), and in 1 patient the AVM was unchanged. Other angiographic features in incompletely obliterated cases were a significant reduction of flow velocity through the malformation together with a reduction in diameter of both feeding arteries and draining veins.
An Animal Model of Epidural Compression of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Arbit Ehud , Galicich Walter , Galicich Joseph H. , Lau Nancy
Published: May 2010

A new model of subacute compression of the spinal cord is described. Using an expanding epidural mass, a gradual, progressive, and highly reproducible neurological deficit was induced in rats over a 7-day period, resulting in paraplegia. Studies of spinal cord edema, disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, and somatosensory evoked responses, as well as histopathological and microangiograpical studies, revealed a marked similarity to changes produced in other spinal compression models and in humans. The model may serve to answer some fundamental questions regarding the pathophysiology and efficacy of various treatment modalities of spinal cord compression.
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in the Determination of Brain Death
Authors: Powers Alexandros D. , Graeber Michael C. , Smith Robert R.
Published: May 2010

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography was used to perform multiple examinations of 24 patients who sustained cranial injuries, 23 of whom progressed to death. In the 20 of these 23 patients for whom an adequate TCD signal could be obtained, a characteristic reverberating wave form pattern was observed, with an associated net flow velocity of <10 cm/sec in all cases. In the last patient in our study group, a reverberating pattern was also identified, however, a net flow velocity of >20 cm/sec was associated with functional recovery. Correlations of neurological function, TCD tracings, and net flow velocities permitted identification of characteristic hemodynamic changes that preceded cerebral circulatory arrest. Early changes included decreased flow velocity as well as an increase in pulse pressure. Late changes consisted of a persistent increase of pulse pressure with the appearance of retrograde flow velocities during diastole. In the end stage, complete diastolic retrograde flow velocities were found. These gave rise to the characteristic reverberating pattern mentioned earlier. Identification of flow velocity reversal alone, however, proved to be inadequate for making the diagnosis of brain death. Evaluation of net flow velocity (calculated at bedside) was found to be a more sensitive determinant of brain death and closely paralleled the patients' neurological function.
Cervical Myelopathy Secondary to Movement Disorders: Case Report
Authors: El-Mallakh Rif S. , Rao Keshav , Barwick Morven
Published: May 2010

Involuntary cervical movements that result in cervical spondylosis and secondary myelopathy have not been adequately emphasized in the literature. We present two patients with cerebral palsy and long histories of involuntary movements who developed cervical myelopathy. We use these illustrative cases to emphasize that in the presence of underlying neurological symptoms and signs due to advanced cerebral palsy, any recent worsening should provoke a higher index of suspicion for myelopathy. The mechanics of neck movements and surgical treatment are discussed.
Thoracic Disc Herniation and Paraplegia in Stickler's Syndrome
Authors: Harkey H. L. , Cullom E. T. , Parent A. D.
Published: May 2010

Stickler's syndrome, an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder, is characterized by progressive ophthalmic, orofacial, and skeletal abnormalities. Epiphyseal dysplasia is seen in this syndrome and affects the spine, causing anterior vertebral body wedging and Schmorl's node formation. These spinal abnormalities are usually asymptomatic. We report here the first case of thoracic disc herniation and paraplegia associated with Stickler's syndrome.
Median Neuralgia Caused by Brachial Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Ergungor Fikret M. , Kars Zafer H. , Yalin Rifat
Published: May 2010

A rare neurovascular complication of a antebrachial arteriovenous fistula in a chronic hemodialysis patient is reported. A large brachial venous pseudoaneurysm caused median neuralgia by direct compression of the nerve. Surgical resection of the pseudoaneurysm resulted in complete relief of neuralgia.
Radiation-Induced Schwannomas
Authors: Rubinstein Abraham B. , Reichenthal Eli , Borohov Haim
Published: May 2010

The histopathology and clinical course of three patients with schwannomas of the brain and high cervical cord after therapeutic irradiation for intracranial malignancy and for ringworm of the scalp are described. Earlier reports in the literature indicated that radiation of the scalp may induce tumors in the head and neck. It is therefore suggested that therapeutic irradiation in these instances was a causative factor in the genesis of these tumors.
Electro-Osmotic Chemical Treatments: Effects of Ca2+ Concentration on the Mechanical Strength and pH of Kaolin
Authors: Chang Hao-Wei , Krishna Paramesamangalam Gopi , Chien Shao Chi , Ou Chang Yu , Wang Ming Kuang
Published: May 2010

Electro-osmotic chemical treatment is an innovative method to improve the strength of soft clays for geotechnical engineering purposes; the effectiveness of the treatment may be related to treatment time, the concentration of the solutions injected, and to variation of pH in the clay. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the above-mentioned factors and the improvement in strength when calcium chloride solution was used as an injection material. A series of tests was carried out by injecting different concentrations of calcium chloride solution into a kaolin suspension, for different treatment times, during electro-osmosis. After the tests, the pH, cone resistance, water content, and concentration of Ca2+ in the kaolin at different locations were measured and analyzed. The results show that the concentration of Ca2+ in the kaolin, the pH, and the strength were increased near the cathode with increases in concentration of CaCl2 and treatment time. An insignificant increase in strength, due to ion exchange over the entire specimen, for short treatment times of 2 to 24 h, was observed because of a small increase in concentration of Ca2+ and in pH. During long-term treatment (120 h), a considerable increase in concentration of Ca2+ (137.0 mg/g) and pH (pH = 10) was observed near the cathode. This led to a pozzolanic reaction, which in turn caused a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the kaolin.
A Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of Aluminum- and Iron-Pillared Clay Minerals
Authors: Aouad Amina , Anastácio Alexandre S. , Bergaya Faïza , Stucki Joseph W.
Published: May 2010

The placement of metal oxide pillars between clay mineral layers modifies their physical-chemical properties, including surface area, acidity, and catalytic activity. Aluminum is the most commonly used pillar cation, but the use of Fe offers a distinct opportunity to expand the range of catalytic behavior. The purpose of this study was to prepare Fe-pillared Laponite and montmorillonite and to characterize the resulting Fe phase(s). Laponite or montmorillonite suspension was mixed with different pillaring solutions containing Al oligomer and/or Fe oligomer with Fe:(Al+Fe) percent ratios ranging from 0 to 100%. The Al oligomer was obtained by hydrolysis of A1C13·6H2O with NaOH at pH 4.4 and the Fe oligomer was prepared by FeCl3 hydrolysis with Na2CO3 at pH 2.2. The pillared clay was obtained by adding the oligomer to the clay suspension, then heating to 300°C for 3 h. The Fe oligomer and the pillared clay minerals were characterized by variable-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and chemical analysis. The unheated Fe oligomer was akaganeite, an Fe oxyhydroxide phase. Heating the Fe oligomer to 300°C transformed the akaganeite to hematite, but heating it in the presence of the clay protected it, at least partially, from this transformation, creating instead a phase which resembled a more poorly ordered akaganeite or a mixture of akaganeite and poorly ordered hematite. Mixing of Al and Fe oligomers in the pillaring solution had no effect on the magnetic hyperfine field of the Fe pillars, indicating that Al forms separate pillars rather than substituting for Fe in the pillar. A small fraction (4%) of the Fe pillar resisted reductive dissolution by citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study of the Hydration Steps of Na+/Mg2+/Ca2+/Sr2+/Ba2+-Exchanged Montmorillonites
Authors: Berghout Abid , Tunega Daniel , Zaoui Ali
Published: May 2010

Theoretical models of the mechanical properties of hydrated smectites, saturated with a variety of cations, are of much value in determining the potential for their use in various applications, including clay-polymer nanocomposites, but the development of such models is still in its infancy. The purpose of this study was to calculate the effects of divalent cations on the structural and mechanical elasticity of montmorillonite under different degrees of hydration. A theoretical study of the swelling and hydration behavior of montmorillonite was, therefore, undertaken using density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the basal spacing behavior of the homoionic montmorillonite with varying amounts of water in the interlayer space. The effect of the degree of the hydration of divalent interlayer cations (Mg2+/Ca2+/ Sr2+/Ba2+) on the structure expansion of the interlayer space was analyzed. In addition, the results obtained were compared to calculations performed on the montmorillonite model with a monovalent cation (Na+). The basal spacing (d001) is governed by the size and the degree of hydration of the countercations. The structures containing divalent cations are more compact than structures with monovalent cations. Ba-exchanged montmorillonite was found to have the largest d001 value for any degree of hydration (‘dry,’ one water layer, or two layers). The basal spacings of ‘dry’ montmorillonite exchanged with small cations, Mg2+ and Ca2+, are very similar. In hydrated models, the d001 expansion correlates with the ionic radius of the interlayer cation. The dependence of the total electronic energy on the volume expansion was calculated. From the energetic curves, bulk modulus (B0) was obtained by fitting in order to show how the compliance of the material depends on the type of interlayer cation and on the degree of hydration. With increasing water content in the interlayer space, the bulk modulus decreased, suggesting that the c-axial compression becomes easier with increasing hydration of the clay mineral. The values of the bulk modulus in hydrated systems are less sensitive to the type of the interlayer cation.
Dolocretes and Associated Palygorskite Occurrences in Siliciclastic Red Mudstones of the Sariyer Formation (Middle Miocene), Southeastern Side of the Çanakkale Strait, Turkey
Authors: Kadir Selahattin , Eren Muhsin , Atabey Eşref
Published: May 2010

The origins of dolocrete and associated palygorskite in the Çanakkale region of Turkey have been little studied, but are of fundamental importance for a more complete understanding of the mineralogy of this region. The present study was undertaken in order to narrow this gap. Siliciclastic red mudstones within alluvial-fan deposits of the Middle Miocene Sariyer Formation locally contain dolocretes in various forms (powdery, nodular, and fracture-filling) and scarce matte-brown, authigenic clay lenses. The mineralogical characteristics of dolocrete and authigenic clay lenses were examined using polarized-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetry, scanning-electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, as well as by chemical and isotopic methods. These analyses indicate that the dolocretes are indeed predominantly dolomite, coexisting with variable amounts of palygorskite. The authigenic clay lenses are composed mainly of palygorskite. Dolomite appears as euhedral crystals, whereas palygorskite developed authigenically as interwoven fibers on and between resorbed dolomite crystals, rimming euhedral crystals, and as fiber bundles (where dolomite ± magnesite is absent). The stable-isotope values and some petrographic features, such as alveolar texture and dolomite needles, support a pedogenic origin for the dolocretes. In the initial stage, dolomite formed by replacement of siliciclastic red mudstones and/or by precipitation from percolating soil-derived water in a near-surface setting. Subsequently, palygorskite either precipitated on the dolomite crystals from relatively more evaporative water, replaced the host-rock mudstone in the presence of Al + Fe, or formed directly from solution where the Ca/Mg ratio decreased and the Al + Fe increased. In view of the large Cr and Ni contents of the bulk-rock samples, the elements required for the crystallization of dolomite and palygorskite (namely Mg, Ca, Si, Al, and Fe) may have been supplied by weathering of ophiolitic rocks that crop out in the area.
Factors Influencing the Formation and Characteristics of Halloysites or Kaolinites in Granitic and Tuffaceous Saprolites in Hong Kong
Authors: Churchman Gordon Jock , Pontifex Ian Russell , McClure Stuart Gerrand
Published: May 2010

The occurrence of halloysite and/or kaolinite in clay-rich, vein-like zones in saprolites in Hong Kong has provided the opportunity to examine the conditions determining the formation of one kaolin mineral or the other and also the nature of their particles. Clay-rich zones within tuffaceous or granitic saprolites from six different hillside sites have been examined in replicate samples by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. Kaolin minerals, sometimes together with Mn oxides and Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides, have formed within discontinuities within the altered host rocks. The fabrics of kaolin infills generally indicated several generations of kaolin formation and that shear and deformation have commonly occurred within the infills. The infills were either light or dark in color. Light-colored infills often comprised pure, or nearly pure, halloysite or kaolinite. Dark Mn- and Fe-rich infills all contained kaolinite, while including some halloysite. The very halloysitic, light-colored infills occurred in saprolites in both granite and tuff as long tubular shapes in parallel bunches. The light-colored, very kaolinitic infills occurred in tuff only, in large platy or near-platy shapes within vermiform packets. In dark-colored infills, early kaolin mineral crystallization was limited by impurities from the breakdown of primary minerals leaving dissolved and re-precipitated compounds of Mn and Fe within the infill. Kaolin minerals in infill at all the sites except one are considered to have formed as a result of weathering. The exception comprises white infills in tuff that are composed of extremely small, closely packed particles, suggesting formation by hydrothermal action. Generally, the kaolin minerals have formed by neogenesis out of solution in the discontinuities. Drying, with the formation of Mn and/or Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides, had occurred several times, indicating enhanced drainage. Where drying had occurred, kaolinite had formed. Where indications of drying in infills were absent, halloysite was predominant.
Far-Infrared Study of the Influence of the Octahedral Sheet Composition on the K+-Layer Interactions in Synthetic Phlogopites
Authors: Diaz Magali , Robert Jean-Louis , Schroeder Paul A. , Prost Rene
Published: May 2010

Far-infrared (FIR) analysis of synthetic Mg-, Ni-, Co-, and Fe-phlogopites coupled with structural data from X-ray diffraction revealed that the K interlayer environments are directly related to octahedral sheet composition and geometry. The general phlogopite formula, KM32+(Si3Al)O10(OH)2, was varied according to octahedral compositions, where M2+ = Mg2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+. Octahedral substitutions have a direct effect on the b lattice parameter, which is related to the tetrahedral-octahedral sheet misfit and manifested by change in the tetrahedral rotation angle (α). The ditrigonal interlayer cavity geometry and the potential for retention of the compensating cations therefore varies according to the ionic size and the types and oxidation state of octahedral cations. These structural features appear as frequency shifts on FIR spectra. When Mg2+ is replaced by a smaller cation, Ni2+, the b parameter decreases and the tetrahedral rotation angle, α, increases, inducing the collapse of the ditrigonal ring. When this happens, the local anisotropy of the interlayer site increases, resulting in every other six out of 12 K-O bonds becoming shorter and the in-plane K-O vibration band shifts slightly to greater wavenumbers. Synthetic phlogopites with octahedral substitutions by cations of larger ionic radii (i.e. Co2+ and Fe2+) exhibit b parameter increases, where in the case of the annite end-member, α decreases to almost 0°. As α decreases, compensating cation sites become more hexagonal like and the nearest K-O bond increases in length. The K-O vibration bands move toward much smaller wavenumbers. Far infrared offers the potential for a new approach to study the retention of interlayer cations in other phyllosilicates and the mechanisms by which they are altered, such as heating or by weathering reactions in the environment.
Enhancement of Dissolution Rates of Amorphous Silica by Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin at Different pH Conditions
Authors: Kawano Motoharu , Hwang Jinyeon
Published: May 2010

Proteins and protein-like molecules are abundant in various geochemical environments; they form complexes with mineral surfaces and with dissolved organic matter. To evaluate the effect of proteins on rates of dissolution of minerals, experiments on the dissolution of amorphous silica in solutions containing various concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were performed in this study. The dissolution experiments were carried out by a batch method using solutions of 0.1 mM NaCl with 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL of BSA at three different pH conditions, 6, 5, and 4. The results of the experiments demonstrated that BSA exhibited strong rate-enhancement effects on the dissolution of amorphous silica and were dependent on BSA concentration and the solution pH. At pH 6, the dissolution rates of amorphous silica appeared to increase successively by ~1.6, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, and 2.9 times with increasing BSA concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The rates of dissolution increased by greater degrees, ~3.1–5.8 and 4.9–13.0 times at pH 5 and 4, respectively. According to the calculated charge distributions of amino acid residues of the BSA molecule, the dissolution rates of amorphous silica were likely to be enhanced by attractive electrostatic interactions of the positively charged side chains of lysine, arginine, and histidine residues with the negatively charged >SiO− sites on the amorphous silica surface. The negatively charged side chains such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid residues may inhibit the attractive interaction, depending on the degree of deprotonation.
Synthesis of heterocycles via alkoxyallenes
Authors: Lechel Tilman , Reissig Hans-Ulrich
Published: May 2010

Lithiated alkoxyallenes are very versatile components for the synthesis of heterocycles such as furans, pyrroles, and 1,2-oxazines, easily allowing the preparation of natural products via these heterocyclic intermediates. A surprising three-component synthesis of N-acylated enaminones allowed the synthesis of highly functionalized 4-hydroxypyridines, 5-acetyloxazoles, and pyrimidines. All these heterocyclic products are ready for further functionalizations, in particular for palladium-catalyzed reactions, leading to libraries of new interesting heterocycles.
Catalytic synthesis of amines and N-containing heterocycles: Amidate complexes for selective C–N and C–C bond-forming reactions
Authors: Eisenberger Patrick , Schafer Laurel L.
Published: May 2010

The direct, 100 % atom-economic, and selective synthesis of amines is a challenging task that can be achieved, making use of early transition-metal catalysts. Here we report the synthesis and application of group 4 and 5 high-oxidation-state metal amidate complexes in catalytic C–N (hydroamination) and C–C (hydroaminoalkylation) bond-forming reactions to access substituted amines.
TV, Time, and the Films of Andy Warhol
Authors: Uhlin Graig
Published: May 2010

This essay assesses the influence of television on the filmmaking of Andy Warhol, especially in the early period of black-and-white silents. It argues that Warhol's films incorporate a televisual temporality, defined by extended duration, "liveness," and the use of "dead time." It analyzes at length Soap Opera (1964), which represents a mimetic appropriation of television, and Outer and Inner Space (1965), which entails a modernist reworking of the medium.
Postfeminist Cliques?: Class, Postfeminism, and the Molly Ringwald-John Hughes Films
Authors: Bleach Anthony C.
Published: May 2010

In order to reconsider the ways in which social class is articulated in 1980s postfeminist culture, this article investigates three iconic films starring Molly Ringwald: Sixteen Candles (John Hughes, 1984), The Breakfast Club (Hughes, 1985), and Pretty in Pink (Howard Deutch, 1986).
"Two Ways of Looking": The Critical Reception of 1940s Horror
Authors: Jancovich Mark
Published: May 2010

This essay examines the ways in which the reception of 1940s horror was often bound up with concerns about cultural distinctions, examining the different ways in which New York Times critics evaluated horror productions during the period. While the Times critics displayed affection for many low-budget horror films, particularly those starring Boris Karloff, they complained about both high- and low-budget films that indulged in "psychologization," viewing such subtexts to be pretentious and overreaching, draining the films of their fun and vitality.
The Image and Imagination of the Fourth Dimension in Twentieth-Century Art and Culture
Authors: Henderson Linda Dalrymple
Published: May 2010

One of the most important stimuli for the imaginations of modern artists in the twentieth century was the concept of a higher, unseen fourth dimension of space. An outgrowth of the n -dimensional geometries developed in the nineteenth century, the concept predated the definition of time as the fourth dimension by Minkowski and Einstein in relativity theory. Only the popularization of relativity theory after 1919 brought an end to the widespread public fascination with the supra-sensible fourth dimension between the 1880s and 1920s. Initially popularized by figures such as E. A. Abbott, Charles Howard Hinton, Claude Bragdon, and P. D. Ouspensky (as well as science-fiction writers), the fourth dimension was a multivalent term with associations ranging from science, including X-rays and the ether of space, to idealist philosophy and mystical "cosmic consciousness." This essay focuses on the differing approaches to higher spatial dimensions in the cubism of Pablo Picasso and Juan Gris, the suprematism of Kazimir Malevich, and The Large Glass project of Marcel Duchamp in the early twentieth century. It concludes by examining contemporary artist Tony Robbin's thirty-year engagement with the mathematics of four-dimensional geometry and computer graphics, as well as his current work with knot theorist Scott Carter.
A Hyperspace Poetics, or, Words in Space: Digital Poetry Through Ezra Pound's Vorticism
Authors: Emerson Lori
Published: May 2010

This essay examines the mathematical influences on Ezra Pound's Vorticism at the same time as it provides close readings, by way of interludes interwoven throughout, of digital texts whose underlying spatial structure appears to be both an analog for and a distinct departure from what Pound attempted to embody in his earlier "bookbound" texts. My intention is to lay out the groundwork for a conversation between bookbound and digital works, many of which I shall somewhat arbitrarily call "poems" (genre distinctions typically begin to break down in the digital realm), whose impetus appears to arise from the same dedication to translating scientific and mathematical principles of space into the poetic realm.
Understanding the Doctoral Experience of Asian International Students in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Fields: An Exploration of One Institutional Context
Authors: Le Tam , Gardner Susan K.
Published: May 2010

In this study, we explored the experience of Asian international doctoral students in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields at one research-extensive university. We found that Asian international doctoral students in the STEM fields at this institution were often isolated from their peers and faculty, faced an array of issues including the lack of funding, the choice of advisor, and other departmental issues distinct to their international student status. Implications for policy and practice are included.
Sociosexual Identity Development and Sexual Risk Taking of Acculturating Collegiate Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Wilkerson J. Michael , Brooks Ann K. , Ross Michael W.
Published: May 2010

How collegiate gay and bisexual men acquire a sociosexual identity appears to affect their sexual health. Analysis of interview data from 25 self-identified collegiate gay or bisexual men resulted in the development of a collective sexual script for men acquiring a sociosexual identity. Changes in an individual’s acting out of a cultural scenario seemed to occur when resolving intrapsychic conflict arising from new sexual experiences. Persons working with young collegiate gay and bisexual men may find this sexual script helpful when developing sex education programs.
College Men’s Meanings of Masculinities and Contextual Influences: Toward a Conceptual Model
Authors: Harris Frank
Published: May 2010

Based on a grounded theory study involving 68 male undergraduates, a conceptual model of the meanings college men ascribe to masculinities is proposed in this article. The participants equated masculinities with “being respected,” “being confident and self-assured,” “assuming responsibility,” and “embodying physical prowess.” Contextual factors that influenced these meanings are also reflected in the model. Using the model as a guiding framework, recommendations for supporting the gender identity development of college men and implications for future studies of masculinities in college contexts are offered.
Exploring the Etiology of Ethnic Self-Hatred: Internalized Racism in Chicana/o and Latina/o College Students
Authors: Hipolito-Delgado Carlos P.
Published: May 2010

Internalized racism is rarely discussed in student affairs. Despite the negative effects of internalized racism on the mental health and identity development of college students of color, little is known about its etiology. Based on theoretical conceptions, the author explores if perceived racism and/or U.S. acculturation act as predictors of internalized racism in the Chicana/o and Latina/o community. Using multiple linear regression, U.S. cultural identity and perceived interpersonal racism acted as predictors of internalized racism for Chicana/o and Latina/o college students. The implications of these findings and the need for further research are discussed.
"Fruit and the Fruit of Fruit": Charity and Piety among Jews in Late Antique Palestine
Authors: Satlow Michael L.
Published: May 2010

This essay explores a single dimension of what we might call "common" or "popular" Jewish piety in late antique Palestine and its relationship to that of the rabbis. In short, I will argue that at least some Palestinian Jews in late antiquity (defined here as ca.250-600 CE) believed that God directly and materially rewarded those who gave to or acted charitably toward poor individuals (e.g., almsgiving). While elements of this understanding can be found in earlier Jewish literature, including the Hebrew Bible, the form that it took among Palestinian Jews was both new and distinctively late antique. Like the Christian bishops of late antiquity, though, rabbis sought to appropriate and domesticate this popular understanding. They thus presented charitable activities directed at their own institutions as more worthy, and positioned themselves as the intercessors whose activities caused the divine reward. This argument raises the more general theoretical problem of "popular" and "official" religion, which I discuss in the conclusion.
Herod's Jewish Ideology Facing Romanization: On Intermarriage, Ritual Baths, and Speeches
Authors: Regev Eyal
Published: May 2010

In this article I explore the manner in which Herod expressed his Jewish self-identity and how he used it to rule his own people. Evidence from Herodian intermarriage, ritual baths in Herod's palaces, and speeches by Herod and Nicolaus are interpreted as representations of Herod's commitment to the Jewish ethos, namely, traces of Herod's preservation of or reflection on his own Jewish identity. My aim is therefore to understand how Herod perceived — or rather, wanted his Jewish subjects to perceive — his Jewishness, and how he reflected — or wanted others to reflect — on his combination of the Jewish and Greco-Roman ways of life
Tradition and Truth: The Ethics of Lawmaking in Tannaitic Literature
Authors: Novick Tzvi
Published: May 2010

This article examines aspects of "scholastic" ethics in tannaitic literature, in particular, the notion that one who is engaged in legal discussion should readily admit ignorance, and should concede to the truth. While centering on mAvot 5.7, the article traces developments in the representation of these principles through a wide variety of tannaitic texts.
Redefining Imagines : Ancestor Masks and Political Legitimacy in the Rhetoric of New Men
Authors: Kaplow Lauren
Published: May 2010

Des hommes nouveaux tels que Marius et Cicéron utilisèrent la métaphore de l' imago comme un moyen d'aborder les problèmes de leur novitas . Dans leurs dis-cours, imagines ne représentent pas les ancêtres (la lignée) mais toute source d'autorité politique légitime.
Critias' Commemoration of Athens
Authors: Pownall Frances
Published: May 2010

On a traditionnellement interprété comme un éloge le dessein de Critias de commémorer Athènes dans l'élégie sur l'étiologie (DK 88 B 2). Cependant, une réévaluation de cette élégie suggère au contraire que son but était à la fois parodique et dogmatique, offrant à ses compatriotes qui formaient l'élite de sauver le débat aristocratique des influences corruptrices de la démocratie et de l'empire en même temps que la démocratisation de l'institution elle-même. Une telle lecture correspond aux idées politiques de Critias ainsi qu'à sa critique des débats athéniens contemporains présentée ailleurs dans son œuvre.
Polysemic Brotherhoods in Henry V
Authors: Dowd Christopher
Published: May 2010

In Henry V , Shakespeare seems particularly fascinated with the various connotations of the word "brother" and with the varying sense of closeness and distance implied in fraternal relationships. This essay argues that he used this word and other fraternal terms in a related lexical web in order to express a conflicted position in relation to an emerging English nationalism that generated fears of racial, national, and spiritual others.
Surety and Spiritual Commercialism in The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Lim Walter S. H.
Published: May 2010

In analyzing Shakespeare's dramatization of his age's materialist processes and contradictions in The Merchant of Venice , readers find themselves typically focusing on the subject of usury, tending not to give due recognition to the presence of another very important commercial and legal metaphor-surety. Surety is an important concept, and there is much literature in the period warning against its practice. Shakespeare's Antonio, the merchant of Venice, is one character who obviously does not heed this warning. Why? This essay offers a response by analyzing how the dramatization of surety in The Merchant engages with important pressures exerted by the realities of globalized capitalism upon early modern English economic and cultural life.
George Peele and the Judgment of Elizabeth I
Authors: Reynolds Paige Martin
Published: May 2010

Always aware of her precarious position as a performer, Elizabeth I famously observed that "we princes . . . are set on stages in the sight and view of all the world duly observed." Particularly as a female ruler, the queen's shrewd sense of her own theatricality is related to the issue of judgment: both her judging and her being judged. George Peele's The Araygnement of Paris is one of several plays that appeal to Elizabeth's self-consciousness regarding performance and judgment. In Peele's play, Elizabeth is literally "set on stages," stages upon which her judgment is both active and passive, just as she was both sovereign and subject.
Clinical features and molecular analysis of arginine-vasopressin neurophysin II gene in long-term follow-up patients with idiopathic central diabetes insipidus
Authors: Batista Sergio L. , Moreira Ayrton C. , Antunes-Rodrigues Jose , Castro Margaret de , Elias Lucila L. K. , Elias Paula C. L.
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTION: Central diabetes insipidus (DI) characterized by polyuria, polydipsia and inability to concentrate urine, has different etiologies including genetic, autoimmune, post-traumatic, among other causes. Autosomal dominant central DI presents the clinical feature of a progressive decline of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) secretion. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we characterized the clinical features and sequenced the AVP-NPII gene of seven long-term follow-up patients with idiopathic central DI in an attempt to determine whether a genetic cause would be involved. METHODS: The diagnosis of central DI was established by fluid deprivation test and hyper-tonic saline infusion. For molecular analysis, genomic DNA was extracted and the AVP-NPII gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. RESULTS: Sequencing analysis revealed a homozygous guanine insertion in the intron 2 (IVS2 +28 InsG) of the AVP-NPII gene in four patients, which represents an alternative gene assembly. No mutation in the code region of the AVP-NPII gene was found. CONCLUSIONS: The homozygous guanine insertion in intron 2 (IVS2 +28 InsG) is unlikely to contribute to the AVP-NPII gene modulation in DI. In addition, the etiology of idiopathic central DI in children may not be apparent even after long-term follow-up, and requires continuous etiological surveillance.
Relationship between variants of the leptin gene and obesity and metabolic biomarkers in Brazilian individuals
Authors: Hinuy Hamilton M. , Hirata Mario H. , Sampaio Marcelo F. , Armaganijan Dikran , Arazi Simone Sorkin , Salazar Luis A. , Hirata Rosario D. C.
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between variants of the leptin gene (LEP) and obesity and metabolic biomarkers was investigated in Brazilian individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One-hundred-ten obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) and 100 non-obese individuals (145 women and 65 men, aged 49 ± 14 years) were randomly selected. Plasma leptin, glycemia, serum lipid measurements and LEP -2548G>A and 3'HVR polymorphisms were analyzed. RESULTS: The LEP -2548GG genotype was associated with a 2.2% and 2.0% increase in BMI (p = 0.009) and plasma leptin (p = 0.031), respectively. 3'HVR I/II (classes I/I+I/II) genotypes contributed with 1.8% of BMI values (p = 0.046). LEP I/G combined genotypes (I/IGG, I/IGA and I/IIGG) were associated with obesity, and increased BMI, waist circumference, leptin and triglycerides (p < 0.05). These relationships were found in women (p < 0.05) but not in men. LEP I/G combined genotypes were not associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS: LEP I/G combined genotypes are associated with obesity-related metabolic biomarkers and phenotype in a gender-dependent manner.
Body mass index percentiles in adolescents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and their comparison with international parameters
Authors: Passos Maria Aparecida Zanetti , Cintra Isa de Pádua , Branco Lúcia Maria , Machado Helymar da Costa , Fisberg Mauro
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE: To describe the percentile distribution of body mass index (BMI) in school adolescents, by gender and age, comparing them with international parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 8,020 adolescents aged 10-15 years from 43 schools in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. BMI values of the study sample were distributed in percentiles and compared to international parameters (CDC, Must and cols. and Cole and cols.). RESULTS: Both male and female adolescents aged 10 to 14 years showed BMI cut-offs over the international parameters, especially in the P50-P85 percentile range. At the age of 15, the observed values were very similar to reference data; however, BMI values in the 95th percentile were much higher than international parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The study results show how important it is to use adequate BMI values for Brazilian adolescents aged 10-15 since international parameters may not reflect the actual nutritional status of this group.
Evolução e classificação do peso corporal em relação aos resultados da cirurgia bariátrica: derivação gástrica em Y de Roux
Authors: Novais Patrícia Fátima Sousa , Rasera Junior Irineu , Leite Celso Vieira de Souza , Oliveira Maria Rita Marques de
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução e a classificação do peso corporal em relação aos resultados da cirurgia bariátrica em mulheres submetidas ao procedimento cirúrgico há mais de dois anos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 141 mulheres submetidas à derivação gástrica em Y de Roux (DGYR) com anel de contenção. As participantes foram divididas de acordo com o tempo de pós-operatório e conforme o percentual da perda do excesso de peso (%PEP): < 50; 50 ┤ 75; e, > 75. RESULTADOS: As mulheres do grupo com %PEP < 50 (15,6%) se mantiveram obesas, enquanto aquelas que apresentaram %PEP > 75 (36,2%) situaram-se entre a eutrofia e préobesidade e tiveram menor índice de recuperação tardia de peso em relação aos demais grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A evolução de peso após dois ou mais anos da cirurgia mostrou sua esperada redução com variados graus de resposta, apontando a necessidade de monitoramento, investigação e intervenção para obtenção dos resultados esperados.
Associação entre fatores nutricionais e o controle glicêmico de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes melito tipo 1
Authors: Queiroz Karla Cristina , Silva Ivani Novato , Alfenas Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores nutricionais que influenciaram o controle glicêmico da população estudada. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 146 crianças e adolescentes, entre 7 e 19 anos de idade, atendidos na Divisão de Endocrinologia Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. A dieta foi avaliada por meio de Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar validado e adaptado à população estudada. O controle glicêmico foi avaliado como bom, regular ou ruim a partir da média de dois resultados de HbA1c dos seis meses anteriores à data da avaliação dietética. RESULTADOS: Dietas com maior teor de proteína, menor teor de gordura saturada e com índice glicêmico (IG) e carga glicêmica (CG) mais baixos afetaram positivamente o controle glicêmico dos indivíduos estudados. O hábito de consumir sacarose e merenda gratuita influenciou negativamente o controle glicêmico. CONCLUSÃO: O consumo de dietas nutricionalmente adequadas e de baixo IG/CG favoreceu o controle glicêmico da população estudada.
The vitamin E reduces liver lipoperoxidation and fibrosis in a model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Zamin Jr Idilio , Mattos Angelo Alves de , Mattos Ângelo Zambam de , Coral Gabriela , Santos Diogo , Rhoden Cláudia
Published: May 2010

CONTEXT: No effective treatment is available for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in nowadays. OBJECTIVES: To develop a model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a methionine and choline deficient diet, as well as to evaluate the role of metformin, vitamin E and simvastatin in the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression. METHODS: The study analyzed prospectively 50 Wistar rats for a 90-day period and divided them into five groups of 10 rats. One group was given standard rat diet and the others received the methionine and choline deficient diet. Among the four groups that received this diet, one received saline 0,9% and the others received metformin, vitamin E or simvastatin. After the study period, the animals were sacrificed and their blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The livers were removed for lipoperoxidation analysis and for the histological examinations. RESULTS: The methionine and choline deficient diet was able to induce steatosis in 100% of the animals and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 27 (69.2%). The alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the simvastatin group. The aspartate aminotransferase levels were also higher in the simvastatin group, but were statistically significant only in relation to the standard diet group. When lipoperoxidation values were compared, the groups that received standard rat diet and methionine and choline deficient with vitamin E presented significantly lower rates than the others. The presence of fibrosis was significantly smaller in the group receiving vitamin E. CONCLUSIONS: The diet used was able to induce steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Besides vitamin E showed to reduce the liver oxidative stress, as well as the fibrosis development
Ensaio de desbaste de ramos inferiores do cafeeiro II
Authors: Mendes J. E. Teixeira
Published: May 2010

Foi continuado o ensaio do desbaste dos ramos inferiores do cafeeiro, instalado na Estação Experimental Central de Campinas, em 1932. O ensaio compreende duas séries : a) desbastada ; b) não desbastada. Cada série se compõe de 5 repetições com 25 cafeeiros cada uma. A variedade em cultivo foi a Coffea arabica L. var. typica Cramer. A série desbastada foi mantida sem os ramos primários até uma altura de 50 cm do solo. Na série não desbastada não se interferiu de modo algum nessa parte da planta. As colheitas foram iniciadas em 1935. A série não desbastada produziu significativamente mais, no período todo examinado, isto é, em dezesseis safras (1935-1950). Não houve grande diferença no tamanho das sementes. A maturação foi um pouco apressada na série desbastada. O ensaio demonstra que não houve vantagem em se fazer esta operação.
Experiências de rotação
Authors: Stevens W. L.
Published: May 2010

Descrevemos os princípios básicos do planejamento de experiências de rotação. Apontamos a necessidade de incluir na experiência tôdas as fases das rotações em todos os anos. Mostramos o motivo por que, geralmente, não podem ser aproveitados os delieneamentos complexos desenvolvidos para experiências de um só ano. Discutimos uma experiência de rotação com milho, algodão e macuna.