bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ghatippus paschima, a new species and genus of plexippine jumping spider from the Western Ghats of India (Salticidae, Plexippini, Plexippina)
Authors: Marathe Kiran , Maddison Wayne P. , Kunte Krushnamegh
Published: February 2024

We propose a new genus of plexippine jumping spiders from the Western Ghats of India based on the new species Ghatippus paschimagen. et sp. nov. While it bears a superficial resemblance to Pancorius in body form and Hyllus in membrane-bearing embolus, our UCE phylogenomic data—the first to resolve broad relationships within the Plexippina—as well as morphological features justify its status as a new genus. In addition to the molecular data and morphological descriptions, we provide photographs of living specimens of Ghatippus paschimagen. et sp. nov. and information on their natural history.
Homoparentalité : Qu’est-ce qui (ne) change (pas) dans la famille ? Vingt ans après
Authors: Ducousso-Lacaze Alain
Published: February 2024

)L’auteur propose un retour sur certains travaux de sciences humaines à propos des familles homoparentales, son objectif étant d’interroger les notions qui nous permettent de rendre compte des changements dont ces familles sont porteuses. Il examine notamment deux notions souvent rencontrées dans les travaux sur les nouvelles formes de familles : la désinstitutionnalisation et la désexualisation. La première, spécifiquement sociologique, semble échouer à décrire le travail complexe de réinstitution de la famille qui est à l’œuvre tant dans le droit que dans les familles homoparentales elles-mêmes. La seconde montre sa pertinence dans le champ socio-anthropologique mais pose question si l’on s’appuie sur les recherches d’orientation psychanalytique auprès de ces configurations familiales. En effet, si, du point de vue anthropologique, l’instauration de la disjonction entre sexualité et reproduction ne fait pas de doute, il en va tout autrement du point de vue des processus psychiques inconscients qui accompagnent le devenir parent en appui sur la représentation d’une scène primitive et sur des fantasmes de bisexualité psychique.
Le travail et le couple : théâtre des remaniements identitaires du devenir mère
Authors: Golan Annath , Assous Adèle
Published: February 2024

Les auteures proposent tout au long de l’article une analyse des défis traversés par la femme au sein du couple lors de l’arrivée d’un enfant sur le plan de l’identité professionnelle. L’article se centre sur les remaniements en termes d’investissement lors de l’accueil du premier enfant et la difficile conciliation entre vie professionnelle, vie de couple, vie parentale. La société contemporaine s’éloigne des modèles anciens, engendrant des changements pour la femme et par voie de conséquence pour l’homme également. Quels remaniements identitaires s’opèrent ? Les problématiques individuelles de la femme trouvent-elles un écho dans le couple ? Le choix de l’axe de l’identité a été fait pour tenter de répondre à ces problématiques. Les auteures s’appuient sur leur pratique de psychologues et proposent une vignette clinique pour illustrer leur propos. Une grille de lecture des problématiques identitaires est proposée s’appuyant sur la théorie de Johann Jung (2015), centrée sur quatre axes majeurs : le négatif, la réflexivité, la continuité/discontinuité et la paradoxalité.
Quand le virtuel s’invite dans des familles et des couples traversés par des mutations culturelles et sociales
Authors: Mokdad Zmitri Meriem
Published: February 2024

Cet article questionne l’étendue, la variété, la complexité, parfois la paradoxalité des effets de l’infiltration du virtuel dans les aires intersubjectives du couple et de la famille hypermodernes globalisés. L’approche retenue croise approche psychanalytique du lien et de la psychologie interculturelle et s’appuie sur la clinique et les recherches de l’auteure en contexte tunisien socialement et culturellement mutant. Sur la base de deux vignettes illustratives du phénomène du « bovarysme virtuel », elle met en évidence deux points concernant cet espace du possible et du potentiel. D’une part, il contribue à exacerber les quiproquos entre des subcultures de genre sur fond de paysage sociétal bien engagé sur les voies de l’individualisme et de la dépatriarcalisation ; d’autre part, il contribue à simuler et stimuler le processus d’interculturation, potentielle voie de relance de subjectivités et liens en crise.
Intersubjectivité et restauration des contenus psychiques
Authors: Ammar Wafa
Published: February 2024

Ce texte examine l’importance de l’intersubjectivité comme garant du développement psychique et de la capacité de symbolisation. Le défaut intersubjectif dans un contexte de violence familiale conduirait à une perturbation de l’élaboration psychique et à une inscription dans l’agir corporel. La rencontre thérapeutique, en tant que situation rapprochée à la relation mère-enfant, repose sur la nécessité d’être sensible à ce qui se met en place et à en comprendre le sens. Elle est surtout une situation de changement qui se base sur la restauration des liens autrefois entravés et va de la négativité vers la restauration des contenus psychiques et la mise en mots. Une illustration clinique sert d’appui pour montrer cette transformation.
Des écoles privées hors contrat financièrement accessibles ? Essai de typologie des logiques économiques et pédagogiques des fondateurs d’écoles alternatives
Authors: Viaud Marie-Laure
Published: February 2024

Depuis une quinzaine d’années, les écoles privées hors contrat se multiplient en France. Dans le même temps, leurs promoteurs sont de plus en plus soucieux de permettre leur accès à un public socialement diversifié, ce qui conduit à une diversification des stratégies économiques. À partir de l’étude d » un panel d’écoles alternatives ouvertes depuis une vingtaine d » années et de la réalisation de monographies d » établissement permettant des comparaisons dans le temps et dans l’espace des stratégies des novateurs, cet article propose une typologie des différentes logiques financières présidant à leur ouverture et à leur fonctionnement les deux premières années, et analyse les conséquences de ces choix en termes de mixité sociale et de pérennisation du projet. Trois logiques sont distinguées : celle du modèle classique de la création d’entreprise avec un recours à l’emprunt et l’embauche d’un ou plusieurs salariés (un modèle solide, mais induisant des coûts de scolarité élevés) ; celle de la création par des passionnés assurant eux-mêmes l’ensemble des tâches sans rémunération pour permettre un coût de scolarité limité ; celle d’écoles souhaitant être accessibles à tous avec un coût très réduit de scolarité, mais au prix de « bricolages économiques » complexes qui rendent la survie de ces structures très fragile.
Les milieux alternatifs de scolarisation : de nouveaux entrepreneurs sociaux ?
Authors: Vidal Marjorie , Grossmann Sophie
Published: February 2024

L’entrepreneuriat social a le vent en poupe au Québec. Prisé par les politiques néolibérales contemporaines, on retrouve désormais cette expression aussi bien dans les milieux éducatifs qu’associatifs (Claude et Gaudet, 2018). Avant de s’intéresser à ses implications, il importe de comprendre les différents récits et réalités que cette expression recouvre. Sur la base de trois études de cas au sein d’une école de la rue, d’une école privée alternative et d’une association de raccrochage scolaire, cet article montre comment les différentes logiques sociales mises en place par certains milieux alternatifs de scolarisation du Québec (MAS) s’arriment à des logiques marchandes. Le cadre des économies de la grandeur (Boltanski et Thévenot, 1991) fait ressortir une pluralité de logiques qui se répartissent sur un continuum. Ces logiques se co-construisent, s’articulent, voire parfois s’opposent, afin de rendre compte des multiples facettes de l’entrepreneuriat social.
Les écoles privées aujourd’hui : des entreprises pas comme les autres ?
Authors: Carraud Françoise
Published: February 2024

Pour exister légalement, les écoles privées hors contrat doivent adopter une structure juridique (association ou entreprise) inscrite dans le monde économique et marchand. Dans ce champ de l’éducation, les références sont celles de l’économie sociale et solidaire qui suscite de nombreuses attentes en termes d’autonomie, d’égalité ou de justice au travail (Darbus, 2009). Pour les quatre écoles étudiées dans ce texte, cette forme entrepreneuriale et l’organisation du travail adoptée, avec une division sociale du travail éducatif (Tardif & Levasseur, 2010) plus ou moins caractérisée, a d’importantes conséquences sur l’activité et la pédagogie des professionnels au quotidien. Disputes, conflits et démissions mettent parfois en péril l’existence même des structures, sans que les enjeux en termes d’organisation du travail ne soient suffisamment clarifiés. Ainsi, au-delà des références pédagogiques, sources de la création de ces écoles, la question de l’entrepreneuriat social et solidaire, et de ses ambiguïtés, doit aussi être étudiée, en fonction des différentes situations.
« Peut-on planifier le chaos ? » politiques et controverses de l’eau en URSS, de Khrouchtchev à Gorbatchev
Authors: Coumel Laurent , Elie Marc
Published: February 2024

Cet article retrace les principales étapes de la politisation et de l’institutionnalisation de la question écologique en Union soviétique, depuis la mort de Staline en 1953, jusqu’à l’effondrement de l’URSS en 1991, dans le cas des eaux continentales (fleuves, lacs, marais et mers intérieures). Il montre le paradoxe d’une émergence précoce des préoccupations environnementales qui n’a pas empêché le maintien presque jusqu’à la fin du régime de pratiques hydrauliques dévastatrices, de pollutions considérables et de projets d’aménagement destructeurs pour les milieux naturels.
Penser la réforme de l’État soviétique durant la Perestroïka : entre autonomisation des savoirs sur le politique et dépolitisation des cadres (1985-1992)
Authors: Six Pierre-Louis , Violier Victor
Published: February 2024

Basé sur deux terrains d’enquêtes, l’un sur l’École supérieure du Parti de Leningrad (LVPŠ), l’autre sur l’Institut d’État des relations internationales de Moscou (MGIMO), cet article interroge les conditions selon lesquelles ces institutions de formation des cadres directement liés au PCUS et à l’État soviétique se maintiennent dans un ordre institutionnel en dépit de la disparition du Parti et l’effondrement du régime. Alors même que le niveau de formation des cadres de ces deux institutions était régulièrement pointé du doigt en URSS, y compris publiquement et jusqu’au plus haut niveau de la direction soviétique, l’article expose les modalités selon lesquelles ces institutions de formation se conforment à un air du temps réformateur et satisfont ainsi, au moins en apparence, aux injonctions réformatrices de la Perestroïka . Par l’entrée des savoirs de gouvernement (politologie, management et gestion), il s’agit de saisir les logiques de transformations internes de ces écoles de cadres et les logiques de politisation / dépolitisation d’un nouveau modèle de cadres qu’elles promeuvent de 1985 à 1992. Ce faisant, l’article montre comment la transformation du curriculum des cadres du MGIMO et de la LVPŠ s’articule autour d’une relégation du politique dans les façons de penser la construction d’un nouvel État soviétique puis russe.
De la Gauche dynastique à la Jeune Gauche : quand Alexis de Tocqueville rêvait de diriger un grand parti
Authors: Lacam Jean-Patrice
Published: February 2024

En 1839, Alexis de Tocqueville se lance en politique. Et il le fait avec le projet d’installer dans la France de la monarchie de Juillet ce qu’il appelle une « démocratie modérée ». S’il reste un député isolé, ce qu’il est au début des années 1840, il ne peut atteindre cet objectif. Il lui faut donc prendre les commandes d’un parti. Et c’est ce qu’il tente de faire une première fois, en 1842, en intégrant l’équipe dirigeante de la Gauche dynastique puis, une seconde fois, cinq ans plus tard, en créant sa propre organisation, la Jeune Gauche. Bilan : deux stratégies et deux échecs. Tocqueville rêvait d’un parti aux idées libérales et aux mœurs honnêtes, malheureusement pour lui, rares étaient les électeurs et les élus qui, sous le règne de Louis-Philippe, partageaient son rêve.
Les débats parlementaires relatifs à la loi du 27 mai 1885 sur la relégation des récidivistes
Authors: Degrace Ketty
Published: February 2024

La III e  République doit endiguer l’augmentation considérable de la récidive. Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau soumet au Parlement un projet de la loi créant une nouvelle peine, la relégation. S’il cumule un certain nombre de condamnations, un récidiviste sera considéré comme incorrigible et envoyé à vie dans un territoire d’outre-mer afin de participer à sa mise en valeur. Au sein des deux Chambres, ce projet suscite des divisions profondes parmi les parlementaires, jusqu’au sein d’un même courant politique.
Le parcours de Simone Veil (1927-2017) dans la vie politique française
Authors: Lachaise Bernard
Published: February 2024

Dans la vie politique française, le nom de Simone Veil est associé au vote de la loi sur l’Interruption volontaire de grossesse en 1974. Entrée en politique tardivement en devenant d’emblée ministre en 1974, Simone Veil a mené d’autres combats politiques mais sans jamais exercer un mandat national et sans adhérer avant 1995 à un parti politique, l’UDF. Son positionnement politique, comme celui de son mari Antoine Veil, est demeuré centriste dans une France bipolarisée. Ses archives confirment ses actions pour les droits des femmes, notamment pour la parité en politique, sa lutte contre l’extrême droite et le racisme ainsi que ses positions, moins connues, pour une révision des institutions de la V e  République dont elle dénonce la pratique et souhaite le remplacement par un régime présidentiel.
Exploring Interprofessional Collaboration in Teaching Between Nursing and Physical Therapy
Authors: Romano Denise , Collier Rosemary , Komor Thomas , Sprague Lori-Marie
Published: February 2024

Background:

Integrating interprofessional concepts and competencies in the classroom teaches students to perform successfully in complex interprofessional care environments. There is little information regarding the effects of interprofessional collaboration in education utilizing faculty and students from other disciplines.

Method:

Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Survey (SCLS) scores and written responses were collected from 31 nursing students to explore nursing students' perceptions of an interprofessional collaboration in teaching between nursing and physical therapist (PT) educators.

Results:

Nursing students' SCLS scores were higher on days where PT educators participated in teaching students. Analysis of written responses revealed five themes: appreciation of an outside expert perspective, enhanced self-efficacy with patient mobility skills, opportunity for interprofessional collaboration, satisfaction with the learning experience, and conflicting information.

Conclusion:

Interprofessional collaboration in teaching resulted in high levels of satisfaction and self-confidence and provided an opportunity to work toward an aspect of core competency for interprofessional collaborative practice.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):402–404.]
Factors Predicting the Need for Re-treatment After Laser Refractive Surgery in Patients With Mixed Astigmatism
Authors: Sorkin Nir , Kaiserman Igor , Kayal Mohamad , Levinger Eliya , Mashour Raneen Shehadeh , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Mimouni Michael
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

To identify risk factors that increase the likelihood of re-treatment following refractive surgery in patients with mixed astigmatism.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study including patients who underwent either laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) between 2000 and 2019 and had mixed astigmatism (spherical error of +0.50 D or greater and spherical equivalent of less than 0.00 diopters [D]). Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent re-treatments during the study period.

Results:

Overall, 785 eyes (785 patients) were included. In total, 5.2% of the eyes (n = 41) underwent re-treatment. The re-treatment group was more likely to have preoperative high astigmatism (80.5% vs 48.3%,
P
< .001), moderate to high hyperopia (36.6% vs 22.3%,
P
= .035), and to have undergone surgery earlier during the study period (
P
< .001). They were also more likely to have undergone surgery using the Wave-Light EX200 rather than the EX500 laser platform (Alcon Laboratories, Inc) (
P
< .001), have a treated optical zone of 6 mm rather than 6.5 mm (
P
< .001 for both), and their maximum ablation depth was greater (
P
< .001). There was no difference between the re-treatment and control groups regarding procedure type (PRK vs LASIK). Binary logistic regression found preoperative high astigmatism (odds ratio = 3.97,
P
< .001) and the type of laser platform used (EX200, odds ratio = 7.78,
P
< .001) as the only independent factors associated with re-treatment.

Conclusions:

Re-treatment rates following correction of mixed astigmatism were 5.2% over 20 years. Use of a sixth-generation laser platform significantly reduced the risk of re-treatment. Presence of high astigmatism is a significant risk factor for re-treatment. There was no difference in retreatment risk between PRK and LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(2):e73–e78.]
Blue-Light Filtering Monofocal Intraocular Lenses: A Study on Optical Function and Tolerance to Misalignment
Authors: Yan Weijia , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin , Łabuz Grzegorz
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the optical performance and tolerance to misalignment of blue-light filtering monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:

The optical properties of two monofocal IOLs featuring yellow chromophores, CT Lucia 621 PY (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) and Clareon CNA0T0 (Alcon Laboratories, Inc), were assessed in monochromatic and polychromatic light while introducing spherical aberration (SA). Optical quality metrics derived from the modulation transfer function were assessed after optimal IOL centration at 3- and 4.5-mm pupils. In addition, each IOL's tolerance to misalignment was examined by inducing up to 1 mm of decentration and the effect of tilting it by 5 degrees at 3 mm.

Results:

The IOLs' resolution and contrast, while tested using a 3-mm aperture and an SA-neutral corneal model, indicated the CT Lucia 621 PY had a slightly higher modulation transfer function (MTF) at 50 lp/mm than the CNA0T0 under monochromatic conditions (0.77 vs 0.69). On introducing SA with (0.49 vs 0.40) and without (0.75 vs. 0.70) chromatic aberration, the CT Lucia 621 PY maintained its minimally better performance. When assessed with a 4.5-mm aperture in monochromatic light, the CT Lucia 621 PY displayed improved MTF with aberration-free cornea (0.71 vs 0.40) but performed worse after introducing SA (0.44 vs 0.62). However, both lenses achieved comparable MTF values under spherical and chromatic aberrations (0.28 vs 0.27). The IOL misalignment test revealed a better tolerance to tilt and decentration of the CT Lucia 621 PY across all conditions.

Conclusions:

The CT Lucia 621 PY and CNA0T0 showed similar optical quality in different situations, with equal simulated distance visual acuity for both models. However, the CT Lucia 621 PY's aspheric design offers an advantage when dealing with often imperfect physiological conditions, displaying a more robust performance under tilt and decentration.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(2):e79–e88.]
The Effects of Whole-Corneal and Whole-Eye Higher Order Aberrations on the Discrepancy Between Refractive and Corneal Astigmatism in Otherwise Healthy Candidates for Refractive Surgery
Authors: Balparda Kepa , Escobar-Giraldo Mariana , Trujillo-Cabrera Luisa Fernanda , Valencia-Gómez Yeliana M. , Nicholls-Molina María Alejandra , Herrera-Chalarca Tatiana
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of different whole-corneal and whole-eye higher order aberrations (HOAs) on levels of axis discrepancy.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study including healthy candidates for refractive surgery, with one eye being randomly selected. A total of 360 eyes were included. Whole-corneal and whole-eye HOAs were measured twice with a Pentacam AXL Wave (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), and subjective manifest refraction was obtained. Axis discrepancy was defined as the absolute difference between Total Corneal Refractive Power flat keratometry axis and manifest refractive axis. Two multiple linear regression models that sought to explore the effect of HOAs in predicting axis discrepancy while adjusting for corneal and refractive confounders were built.

Results:

Mean age was 29.1 ± 5.8 years and 63.9% of the patients were women. Mean manifest sphere and cylinder were −3.09 ± 2.36 and −1.45 ± 1.37 diopters (D), respectively. Mean cylinder axis discrepancy was 14.4 ± 14.5°. On multiple linear regression, the only variables significantly associated with axis discrepancy were corneal cylinder and corneal lower order aberrations [
F
(5,339) = 29.746;
P
< .001; adjusted
R
2
= 0.295]. Lower levels of corneal cylinder are by far the main contributor to astigmatism axis mismatch (ß = −1.164). There was not a single HOA, either corneal or ocular, that significantly loaded into any models.

Conclusions:

Astigmatism axis mismatch decreases rapidly with increasing levels of corneal astigmatism. Corneal and whole-eye HOAs have no role in astigmatism axis mismatch in healthy candidates for refractive surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(2):e89–e97.]
Les femmes dans l’histoire du Việt Nam. Regard d’une historienne
Authors: Bùi Trân Phượng
Published: February 2024

Comme dans le reste du monde, y compris occidental, l’histoire culturelle et sociale du Việt Nam n’échappe pas à une écriture au masculin. Malgré la persistance séculaire du mythe de la femme guerrière, le pouvoir politique est pendant longtemps resté l’apanage des hommes, laissant aux femmes la gestion économique familiale et la transmission des valeurs traditionnelles. Écrit comme un témoignage, ce livre propose une relecture de l’histoire du Việt Nam au féminin, s'interrogeant sur les sources et méthodes alternatives pour faire émerger d'autres facettes de l’histoire.
Does it cost less to rehouse the homeless? A comparison of the costs of rehousing and homelessness
Authors: Carlier Justine , Verdonck Magali
Published: February 2024

La mise en place du projet « Housing First » dans plusieurs pays tels que la France et le Canada, a mis en évidence que permettre aux sans-abris d’obtenir un logement afin de les réinsérer dans la société pouvait parfois avoir un coût moindre pour l’État que le coût de les laisser dans la rue. Malgré une volonté politique belge et européenne de prévenir et de mettre fin au sans-abrisme, aucune étude n’a été réalisée sur son coût social en Belgique francophone, ne permettant donc pas d’évaluer les politiques mises en place et les changements éventuellement nécessaires. L’objectif de l’étude synthétisée ici est d’évaluer le coût social du sans-abrisme en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, en tenant compte à la fois des coûts directs, mais aussi des coûts indirects, et de les comparer ensuite aux coûts associé à la sortie du sans-abrisme.
Une production dystopique ? Images, discours et conditions de travail dans l’industrie vidéoludique
Authors: Falais Flavie
Published: February 2024

Trois ans après la sortie polémique de Cyberpunk 2077 (CD Projekt RED, 2020) et son retour en grâce avec l’extension Phantom Liberty, cet article revient sur les causes et les conséquences de ce scandale vidéoludique. Il cherche à comprendre comment un tel écart a pu apparaître entre la proposition initiale du studio, présentée à travers une campagne marketing époustouflante, et la réalité du jeu à sa sortie, parasité par de nombreux dysfonctionnements techniques et esthétiques. Il questionne ainsi les conditions de travail au sein du studio et les stratégies marketing, managériales et communicationnelles de l’entreprise. Il analyse enfin le processus de retournement des audiences en sa faveur, le jeu étant devenu l’un des opus les plus plébiscités de ces dernières années.
Nostalgies et remédiations du passé en politique, ou le danger des abus de la mémoire
Authors: Fantin Emmanuelle , Niemeyer Katharina , Dufresne-Deslières Corine
Published: February 2024

Ancrée dans les études critiques sur la nostalgie et la mémoire, la présente recherche analyse la manière dont le passé est soumis au risque d’une fictionnalisation mue par un désir d’idéalisation de l’histoire sur la scène politique. Nous étudions en particulier la mise en place d’un nationalisme nostalgique dans la vidéo d’annonce de candidature à l’élection présidentielle en France d’Éric Zemmour, publiée sur YouTube le 30 novembre 2021. L’article déconstruit la mise en scène d’un passé fantasmé à travers le récit imaginaire d’un âge d’or perdu qui ne semble exister que pour souligner son propre déclin. Cette nostalgie régressive repose par ailleurs sur la construction d’une méta-mémoire portée par une obsession identitaire. Les abus de la mémoire et la représentation chaotisée du présent sont des leviers pour arrimer la nostalgie à la xénophobie et au rejet de l’altérité.
How the Housing System in the United States Disrupts Care
Authors: Swank Asher
Published: February 2024

The chapter explores the housing system in the United States and the ways in which it denies care. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of several areas where care is denied with a focus on renters and landlords. Through a review of literature, this chapter reveals issues with the landlord-tenant relationship, roommate troubles, and the oncoming problems for housing presented by climate change. The common theme of these issues is that care is denied to those in the housing system, generally in favor of increasing profit for landlords and third-party companies. Three personal narratives complement the literature and provide an emotional core to the issue of the housing system denying care.
Evaluation of Financial Literacy and Financial Planning Skills of University Students and Professors Through OECD Survey Method
Authors: Misra Abhishek , Bohra N. S.
Published: February 2024

This study intends to measure and analyse the financial literacy of universities students and professors to better evaluate their financial knowledge, attitude, and behaviour in personal financial management, as well as to evaluate how the level of financial literacy affects their personal financial planning. The conclusion drawn from the analysis of data is that although the average knowledge of financial literacy of commerce and management students is better than the students of engineering, both students are below average in terms of functional financial literacy. This situation is the same with university professors of commerce and management and engineering streams. The results from this study prove that functional knowledge of financial literacy is relevant for the basic financial planning at an individual level. Analysis Guide OECD/INFE 2011 Financial Literacy Survey has been taken for gathering the data of the targeted group.
Generative AI in Higher Education
Authors: Wrench Jason S. , Elmoudden Sanae
Published: February 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly focusing on its implications and applications in higher education. It discusses the evolution and fundamental concepts of AI, including large language models and their development, emphasizing the intricate processes involved in creating and refining these models. The chapter delves into the ethical considerations and potential biases inherent in AI systems, highlighting the importance of responsible AI development. Moreover, the chapter examines the transformative potential of generative AI in enhancing learning, creativity, and information processing in higher education settings.
ChatGPT Innovation in Higher Education
Authors: Hajjaj Noura Ahmad
Published: February 2024

ChatGPT, known as the chat generative pre-trained transformer, has ignited both controversy and interest within the communication classroom. This machine learning chatbot tool has prompted rhetorical discourses concerning the ethical dilemmas arising in ChatGPT's evolving landscape within the communication field and its impact on higher education and critical thinking. Academic institutions will need time to navigate the debates surrounding the ethical dilemmas linked to the integration of ChatGPT in the classroom and higher education, as it is evolving more rapidly than universities can respond. Rather than perceiving ChatGPT as a threat, this chapter aims to refine our pedagogical approach by emphasizing proactive exploration and understanding of the opportunities and challenges associated with ChatGPT in the communication classroom.
Debating About, Against, and With ChatGPT
Authors: Rief John Joseph , Schrader Brian J.
Published: February 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has recently emerged as a potential threat to educational integrity. In particular, ChatGPT can be used to invent assignment submissions, thus raising the specter of plagiarism and cheating. This chapter takes on these challenges through a series of thought experiments aimed not at banning ChatGPT but seeking its pedagogical integration. These experiments are contextualized within academic debate where the authors have spent a significant part of their professional careers. Debate spans the gulf between many disciplines, takes place both within and beyond the classroom, and has been a site for pedagogical innovation throughout its history. It is thus an excellent space to address the challenges of GAI. The authors ultimately argue ChatGPT is neither a panacea nor a death knell for educational integrity. Rather, it is an opportunity to (re)design education for artificial invention and, thus, address the problems and concerns it has recently raised.
How AI Is Changing the Nature and Landscape of Student Learning and Outcomes Assessment Within Higher Education
Authors: Liberman Corey Jay
Published: February 2024

Technologies have long changed the social lives and practices of users. While some argue that the effects have been positive and others have been a bit more skeptical to take this perspective, there is no question that they have altered the way that we engage in daily behaviors. They have changed the way that we work and the way that we communicate with others. And said technologies are, with little question, here to stay. This chapter introduces readers to the various strategies adopted by both students and assessors (e.g., instructors) regarding the use of ChatGPT within the world of higher education. ChatGPT, in short, is an artificial intelligence chatbot that aids the user in a multitude of tasks and mimics the human mind. Not only will the chapter expose readers to the ways in which students are using ChatGPT (e.g., as artificial tutors, to help with the construction of ideas), but also how instructors are beginning to notice the benefits of this AI tool for the classroom (e.g., lesson plans).
Integrating Professional Perspectives for AI Literacy
Authors: Merceron Kristopher , Best Karene
Published: February 2024

This chapter delves into the crucial realm of AI literacy in education by integrating insights from librarians and communication professors. It underscores the pivotal roles these professionals play in equipping students for an AI-dominated future. As the educational landscape rapidly transforms under the influence of AI, librarians and communication professors are tasked with adapting their roles and collaborating to provide comprehensive AI literacy. Sections within the chapter explore the evolving roles, the significance of AI literacy, interdisciplinary curriculum integration, ethical considerations, practical applications, and the necessity of continuous professional development and advocacy. This collaborative approach ensures that students gain the knowledge and skills needed to excel in an AI-driven world, becoming informed, adaptable, and responsible participants in the digital age.
AI-Powered Lesson Planning
Authors: Uysal Banu Çiçek Başaran , Yüksel İlknur
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into language education, focusing on the perspectives of pre-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study investigates the effectiveness of AI-powered lesson plans, specifically designed for teaching writing to 5th-grade students. Through a comprehensive evaluation rubric and qualitative analysis, the research identifies strengths, areas for improvement, and suggested changes in AI-generated lesson plans. Findings highlight the tool's success in engagement, appropriateness, and overall structure, while indicating challenges in differentiation and assessment. The chapter concludes with implications for teacher training in AI literacy, emphasizing the need for educators equipped to harness the potential of AI in diverse language teaching settings.
Discussions of Using AI in Language Education in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Siu-lun , Chen Yongyin
Published: February 2024

This chapter sets out to investigate the discussions of using AI in language education in Chinese press in Hong Kong. From 2018-2023, there are news articles showcasing the AI tools and potential use of AI in language education in Hong Kong. This chapter discusses the debates on the use of artificial intelligence in language education and analyses newspaper discourse to investigate the different views of stakeholders in language education including students, teachers, educators, and policymakers in Hong Kong. A corpus containing Hong Kong newspaper articles discussing and debating the effectiveness and challenges of applying artificial intelligence in language education in Hong Kong has been constructed and analysed.
Redefining Traditional Pedagogy
Authors: Bengsch Géraldine
Published: February 2024

The digital transformation of education, accelerated by unforeseen global events like the COVID-19 pandemic, has ushered in a new era in pedagogy, including in language instruction. While the shift to online platforms has been swift, the evolution of content from static digital forms to dynamic, interactive experiences driven by artificial intelligence (AI) is still emerging. This chapter explores the transformative potential of machine learning (ML) in redefining traditional language learning materials into adaptive, responsive, and personalised educational experiences. The chapter outlines theoretical applications and presents a prototype app, “TalkToMe,” designed to boost speaking practice in the target language. Additionally, it addresses ethical concerns surrounding ML integration in education, ensuring the preservation of academic integrity. This chapter aims to bridge the gap between traditional methodologies and cutting-edge technology, offering a roadmap for the future of language instruction through collaboration between pedagogy and technology.
Leveraging AI and Pluralistic Approaches for Language Teaching
Authors: Sanmartín Lourdes Barquín
Published: February 2024

This chapter introduces the pluralistic teaching approach of inter-comprehension utilizing the AI tool ChatGPT. Its objective is to heighten inter-comprehensive awareness among native English speakers studying Spanish and facilitate the comprehension of structurally asymmetrical grammatical phenomena between Romance languages and English. Specifically tailored to the British educational context, where the typical language sequence comprises L1 English, L2 French, and L3 Spanish, this chapter draws support from L3 acquisition literature. Focused on the aspectual contrast perfective/imperfective, less prominent in English compared to Romance languages, the author showcases how to generate parallel contrastive analyses of Spanish/French/English translations through ChatGPT.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Future Educational Paradigm
Authors: Amalanathan Geetha Mary
Published: February 2024

With its ability to combine cognitive psychology, data analytics, and machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for improving academic performance and outcomes through customized learning experiences. The field of teaching and learning could be completely transformed by artificial intelligence (AI). Teachers can better prepare students for success in the digital age, improve student outcomes, and personalize learning by utilizing AI-powered tools and strategies. This chapter gave an overview of the state of education today and how artificial intelligence (AI) can improve it. Applications of AI in online learning environments are also covered. A few AI tools with educational applications were mentioned along with their functions. A few e-learning programs that currently employ AI were also mentioned. There was also discussion about other technologies that, aside from artificial intelligence, will elevate the bar for education.
Overconfidence in Decision Making Through the Lens of Gender Gap
Authors: Ersöz Keleş Keriman Hande
Published: February 2024

This chapter elaborately explores the intricate landscape of decision-making, overconfidence, and gender disparities. Beginning with an insightful introduction to cognitive biases and their role in human judgment, the narrative later delves into gender differences in overconfidence. It unveils disparities in career trajectories, from educational choices to workplace dynamics. The author proposes debiasing strategies for equal opportunities by navigating the intricacies of altering human behavior and environmental factors. Through a multidisciplinary lens, combining insights from psychology and economics, the author calls to action for evidence-based interventions, emphasizing cautious alterations to systems for an unbiased, inclusive future.
Strategic Ignorance on Earthquake Preparedness
Authors: Boyar Fatih
Published: February 2024

Today, it is accepted that it is not possible to predict earthquakes in advance, but predictions can be obtained through statistical models. This situation has highlighted the importance of general preparedness against earthquakes. In this regard, earthquake preparedness and safety culture became essential. The aim of this chapter is to examine the psychological factors that are thought to have a possible impact on individuals' earthquake preparedness and to bring a new perspective from the behavioral paradigm. The subjects of the research were risk perception, fatalism, and strategic ignorance. The literature was reviewed on the effects of these variables on earthquake preparedness. In the light of what was learned from the literature, debias strategies against strategic ignorance were developed and added as suggestions. These strategies are separating earthquake preparedness items into steps starting from the easy ones, developing an insurance plan just like Save More Tomorrow, and conveying social norms have been suggested as debias strategies.
Algorithmic Approaches to Financial Technology
Authors: Pant Pawan , Mishra Kaushal Kishore , Mohan Arvind
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the role of algorithmic approaches in financial technology, specifically focusing on their impact on forecasting, trading, and overall decision-making within the financial sector. It seeks to assess how these algorithms enhance efficiency, mitigate risks, and contribute to innovation in financial practices. Additionally, the study aims to provide practical insights and recommendations for professionals while addressing ethical considerations in algorithmic finance.
Smart Money, Smarter Minds
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Singh Mandeep
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are catalyzing a revolution within the financial sector, reshaping traditional paradigms of wealth management. This chapter explores the transformative influence of AI and ML in financial innovation, dissecting their profound impact on decision-making, risk mitigation, and the overall financial landscape. Delving into the historical progression of AI and ML in finance, this chapter navigates the current state where algorithms drive trading strategies, risk assessments, and customer-centric services. It scrutinizes their disruptive potential, challenging conventional notions of risk, efficiency, and personalized finance within the industry. The chapter unveils the core mechanisms underpinning AI and ML applications, elucidating their pivotal role in optimizing investment portfolios, automating trading processes, and fortifying cybersecurity measures. It highlights the synergy between human expertise and machine intelligence, showcasing their collaborative potential in enhancing financial decision-making accuracy and agility.
Cathodized Stainless Steel Mesh for Binder-Free NiFe2O4/NiFe Layer Double Hydroxides Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrode
Authors: Sripallawit Natthapon , Kheawhom Soorathep
Published: February 2024

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential reaction commonly applied in various energy storage and conversion technologies. One of the common issues of OER lies in its low kinetic activity. Therefore, developing durable, low-cost, and high-performance OER catalysts is critical. Recently, many attempts have used stainless steel mesh (SSM) as the substrate for OER electrodes because SSM is abundant, cheap, and durable. Nickel/iron-based materials, i.e., NiFe2O4/NiFe layer double hydroxides (LDHs), are regarded as one of the most excellent OER catalysts in alkaline electrolytes, making them attractive low-cost materials for OER catalysts. However, synthesizing NiFe2O4/NiFe LDHs directly on the surface of SSM is challenging. Modifying the SSM surface through cathodization has proved to enhance the adhesion and OER activity. Moreover, the cathodization technique is facile and cost-effective. In this work, the surface of SSM is modified by cathodization treatment. Subsequently, NiFe2O4/NiFe LDHs are deposited onto the surface of treated SSM via a low-temperature one-step chemical bath deposition technique. This synthesis is a binder-free method; the resulted electrodes show excellent OER performance without the binder effects. The as-prepared electrodes have a small Tafel slope of 125.4 mV/dec (1 M KOH) and high durability (10 mA/cm2 for 50 hours).
Level of Agreement Between Child and Parent Reporting on the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5)
Authors: Moran Ryan N. , Haller Mason , Louis Melanie , Guin J. Russell , Allen Jeff
Published: February 2024

Context

The Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, fifth edition (SCAT5), remains the consensus instrument for concussion evaluation in youth athletes. Both child and parent are recommended to complete the athlete background and symptom reporting.

Objective

To determine the level of agreement between child and parent medical history and symptom reporting and quantify their performance on the Child SCAT5 in male football athletes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college football facility.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 157 youth male football athletes (age = 10.7 ± 1.3 years) participating in a university-sanctioned youth football camp and their parent or legal guardian.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Youth athletes and their parent completed the athlete background (demographics, diagnosed medical history) and symptom evaluation (symptom items, total number of symptoms, and symptom severity score) of the Child SCAT5 and were instructed not to discuss reporting with each other during testing. Cronbach α tests were conducted to determine the internal consistency, and descriptive statistics determined the level of agreement between medical history, symptom reporting, and baseline performance.

Results

The internal consistency of the symptom items was high for both child (Cronbach α = 0.91) and parent (α = 0.92). Agreement on medical history ranged from 67% (learning disability or dyslexia) to 85% (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), with 82% agreement on sustaining a previous concussion. Fourteen youth athletes reported having been hospitalized for a head injury, with zero matched parent confirmations. Individual symptom agreement ranged from 70.7% (gets distracted easily) to 94.9% (going to faint). Agreement was 35% on total number of symptoms and severity. Abnormal scoring ranged from 2% (going to faint) to 25% (headache) for child and 2% (double vision) to 28% (gets distracted easily) for parent reporting.

Conclusions

Fair agreement was shown between children and their parent on medical history and self-reported symptoms on the Child SCAT5 at baseline. When available, child and parent reporting should be used for concussion assessment and clinical decision-making.
Effect of Febuxostat versus Allopurinol on the Glomerular Filtration Rate and Hyperuricemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nagaraju Shankar Prasad , Shenoy Srinivas Vinayak , Rao Indu , Prabhu Ravindra Attur , Rangaswamy Dharshan , Bhojaraja Mohan V. , Guddattu Vasudeva
Published: February 2024

Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We compared febuxostat versus allopurinol in the progression of CKD and hyperuricemia in 101 patients with Stage 3–4 CKD treated with febuxostat or allopurinol for at least 6 months for hyperuricemia (>7 mg/dL) between January 2012 and December 2016. Baseline characteristics, serum uric acid (SUA), serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at entry and 6 months were compared. The primary outcome was the decline in eGFR and the secondary outcomes were reductions in SUA and adverse events. Fifty-four were in the febuxostat group and 47 were in the allopurinol group. The baseline characteristics were comparable except for age. The mean dose of febuxostat and allopurinol was 43.70 ± 14.5 mg and 108.51 ± 40 mg, respectively. After 6 months, the median rate of decline in eGFR was 1.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR: 1.2, 5.5) in the febuxostat group and 3.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 (0.6, 6.2) in the allopurinol group, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.136). The mean reduction in SUA was significantly better (P = 0.004) in the febuxostat group (3.9 ± 1.7 mg/dL) compared with the allopurinol group (2.1 ± 1.0 mg/dL). Both drugs had no serious adverse events. Febuxostat was better at reducing hyperuricemia than allopurinol, but there was no significant difference in the progression of CKD. Large randomized trials and long-term follow-up are necessary to see whether febuxostat has a favorable effect on the progression of CKD.