bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Sound” Tracks and Soundtracks
Authors: Abderrezak Hakim
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the importance of sound in films that narrate migrants’ and refugees’ failed crossings of the Mediterranean Sea, and the space that sound occupies in these narratives. It lays down questions aimed to help build a theoretical apparatus to think about clandestine migration in cinema through one of its main components: the aural material that composes its fabric. The treatment of sound that “tracks” is essential in analyses of films depicting death and documenting harragas’ lack of voice—figuratively and literally speaking. It invites us to think about how to treat the subject without falling prey to excessive pathos, especially in the works of directors who acknowledge their objective of soliciting empathy in their audience.
Black Transnationalism and Sketches of Mediterranean Noir
Authors: Hill Edwin
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores how Jean-Claude Izzo transposes black Atlantic musical culture into the aesthetic, cultural, and geographic settings of the Mediterranean noir. This essay locates Izzo’s aesthetic within a history of opaque relations between the textual, the visual, and the sonic that participate in the constitution of blackness in noir fiction. It focuses on Izzo’s neo-noir trilogy, set in his hometown Marseille, which includes the novels Total Khéops (1995), Chourmo (1996), and Soléa (1998). From beginning to end, Izzo marks his texts under the sound/sign of musical culture: Total Khéops references DJ Khéops and the inaugural mix-tape of Marseille rap group IAM; Chourmo references an album by the Marseille group Massilia Sound System; and Soléa references a Miles Davis / Gil Evans recording, Sketches of Spain. The essay will suggest that, if the noir novel evolves as a genre, as Izzo explains, “in parallel with an investigation into the social conditions of contemporary man, the modern form of fate,” then Izzo’s engagement with musical culture represents a deep, embodied meditation on unimagined yet vital futures—modeled and molded in the hybrid, borrowed, clandestine, and popular forms of cultural relation and collectivity that mark the black Atlantic.
Negotiation
Authors: Kennedy Róisín
Published: May 2022

Chapter 4 examines how the provincialism of Irish art became an issue of concern during the 1960s and early 1970s, a period of increased prosperity in the Republic of Ireland. Along with the Arts Council of Ireland, the new entrepreneurial class demanded competitiveness amongst artists who were expected to be au fait with international modernism. Anglo-American models of art criticism dominated the establishment’s view of art. In Rosc ‘67 and Rosc ‘71, major exhibitions of international contemporary art were held in Dublin, placing modern art at the centre of cultural discourse in Ireland. Curated by the Irish, New York based critic, Brian O’Doherty, the Irish Imagination exhibition, held as part of Rosc ’71, renegotiated the conflicting concerns of the local art context with those of the dominant international artworld. Coinciding with the Troubles in Northern Ireland and growing dissatisfaction with the elitism of the art establishment, the exhibition’s endorsement of a narrow canon of modern Irish art was both emulated and contested.
Conclusion
Authors: Kennedy Róisín
Published: May 2022

The book concludes with a brief overview of the breakdown of modernism in 1970s and the wider implications for the reception of modern art in Ireland. Focusing on the 1972 Irish Exhibition of Living Art it considers how a younger generation of artists turned increasingly to time-based and conceptual art practices. This differentiated their work from that of earlier forms of art making in Ireland that now seemed overly passive or compliant with the demands of the state. Even conceptual art continued, however, to be presented in terms of Irishness. Rather than challenging conventional notions of Irish identity, the visits of the major international conceptual artist, Joseph Beuys, to Ireland in the same decade arguably reinforced them.
‘Halt! Halt!’ Oliver Cromwell, Hugh O’Neill and the Siege of Clonmel, April–May 1650
Authors: Marshall Alan
Published: May 2022

A fresh insight into the siege of Clonmel, 1650, where Cromwell was badly defeated having lost more than 2,000 men and where Hugh Duff O’Neill emerges the victor for the royalist cause.
Ormond and Cromwell
Authors: Wheeler James Scott
Published: May 2022

An exploration of the roles of James Butler, Earl of Ormond and Oliver Cromwell, in which Ormond takes centre stage and his true importance in the military strategy of 1649 is analysed.
Cromwellian Transplantations of the Irish to the Colonies
Authors: Coburn Heidi J.
Published: May 2022

The notion that Cromwell was associated with slavery following his comments at Drogheda is challenged here, while the problem posed by erstwhile enemies to the London government is set in a broader transplantation context.
Introduction
Authors: Brady Deirdre F.
Published: May 2022

The introductory chapter presents an overview of the aims of the book, methodology and the scope of the study. It is examined through a prism of book history and communication theory which is outlined in detail in this section. The introduction provides details of the extensive archival sources; listing correspondences and private papers, newspapers, diaries, and other material from which the history of coterie culture, writers’ groups and the Women Writers’ Club is constructed. This work is contextualised within a community of scholars interested in the history of the book and Irish Studies. A summary of the chapters is provided, with a discussion of the challenges of life as women writers of the period. It concludes with an introduction to the Women Writers’ Club.
“A Wild Field to a Later Generation”
Authors: Brady Deirdre F.
Published: May 2022

Chapter Three examines the body of works awarded the prestigious ‘Book of the Year’ literary prize by the Women Writers’ Club. The prize operated as a means of celebrating women’s writing, marketing books and fostering the identity of this professional and creative club in the cultural marketplace. Over twenty-five years, fifteen prizewinning books were chosen from a diverse range of genres including fiction, history, modernist poetry, children’s fiction, plays and travel writing. This chapter examines the role of the reading committee in constructing an alternative canon of literature advancing a concept of contemporary feminist thought which was radical, non-conformist and ahead of its time. The texts which won The Book of the Year are explored thematically to unearth issues which reflect the social, political, and ideological concerns of the period.
‘Types’ of oasts and hop kilns
Authors: Grattan Patrick
Published: May 2022

No two oasts are identical, but 5 groupings or main ‘Types’ of hop drying buildings ae described to give shape and structure to their evolution over 400 years: inset kilns; small conical kilns, square pyramidal kilns; round kilns and louvred rectangular kilns. The distinctive architectural characteristics which identify oasts and kilns by region: Kent and East Sussex: Hampshire and Farnham, Herefordshire and Worcestershire
The first oasts and hop kilns in England
Authors: Grattan Patrick
Published: May 2022

Evidence of hops imported from Continental Europe for brewing in England at least 100 years before hop growing introduced in Kent by Huguenot refugees from the Low Countries. Disputes about flavouring ale with hops. Evidence from 16th century books, notably Scot A Perfecte Platorme of a Hoppe Garden, about the design and building of the first oasts. Surviving examples at Golford near Cranbrook, Kent match the books well. Plans of these oasts as they were in 1960. Rapid expansion of beer drinking drove need for new oasts. The differences between hop oasts and malt kilns.
Inset kilns and oasts
Authors: Grattan Patrick
Published: May 2022

A description of the first era of oast building when the kilns were built inside (“inset”) a barn or other farm structure. Increasing demand for dried hops in the 17th century led to larger furnaces and kilns. Greater height was needed to avoid fire hazard. Many books by contemporary writers on agriculture promoted hop growing and described how to dry hops. The evidence from surviving inset kilns discussed and illustrated. Best examples in the West Midlands and the central Weald of Kent and Easy Sussex. A notable example of an inset kiln at Coxbridge Farm, Farnham.
Inset oasts/kilns with conical Title roofs of and Chapter chimneys
Authors: Grattan Patrick
Published: May 2022

The profile and production of hops expands through the 18th century with strong demand for beer in the new industrial centres. Hop duties become an important part of Government revenues. Conical kilns become larger so that their conical roof projects up above the roof of the building. Examples in the central Weald: Mayfield, Brightling, Hawkhurst, West Malling. Some kilns had a chimney rather than a conical roof, to draw draught and fumes out of the building.
Tall square pyramidal Title kilns with of Chapter cowls
Authors: Grattan Patrick
Published: May 2022

Square pyramidal kilns built alongside the stowage a major change in the 18th century. Arthur Young and William Marshall both important descriptive writers on agriculture included accounts of hops and hop drying. A hopper built inside the external walls of a square kiln channelled heat more efficiently to the drying floor. A description of several different styles of hopper kiln at Marshborough, Kent. By the end of the 18th century large oasts with up to 6 square kilns and three floors in the stowage were built. But square kilns did not reach the West Midlands until the 19th century. Cowls became widespread: the design and construction are illustrated. An alternative model placed the square kilns in a row along the stowage, for example at Chartham, Kent. The oast at Great Dixter, Sussex is described.
Markets, politics and profits
Authors: Grattan Patrick
Published: May 2022

The appeal of hops to gamblers. Disputes and law suits over dried hops. Frequent revisions of the Law to close illegal practices. Management of tithes for the clergy led to other disputes. Seasonal markets at Weyhill Hampshire and Southwark, London. 1860s attempt to bring hop markets under one roof, the Hop Exchange in Southwark failed. A great concentration of hop buildings in Southwark decimated in the Blitz. High profitability was offset by periods of loss. Years of argument in Parliamentary Committees about reintroducing Import Duties on Hops,
A Note on Transcription of Manuscripts
Authors: Smith Carrie
Published: May 2022

The term ‘writing process’ used throughout this book refers to the development of the writing on the page, as well as the development of thought and supporting materials leading up to that point. This can be affected by material composition constraints (the size of paper, for example) and by ideas (the type of composition for which Hughes is aiming). Hughes’s handwriting also altered throughout his life, changing the way his drafts were set out on the page. His early handwriting in letters home from university and in drafts of poems from ...
The Professional Poet
Authors: Smith Carrie
Published: May 2022

The chapter analyses Hughes’s earliest work and the development of his professional voice in his early poetry collections. The chapter examines material gradually elided across drafts of ‘The Hawk in the Rain’, ‘The Thought-Fox’, and ‘Pike’. The analysis argues that the work-in-process produces an alternative idea of Hughes as a creative figure, using tools from genetic criticism to position the draft as of equal value to the ‘final’ poem, and thus unsettling dominant readings of Hughes and his work. The second half of the chapter moves to interrogate significant changes in Hughes’s compositional process in his second collection, Lupercal, considering the impact of his sudden entry into the world of professional literary promotion. The chapter explores the processes of finding, establishing, and re-establishing poetic voice through original analysis of a complex body of manuscript drafts, read in tandem with archival correspondence in which Hughes reflects directly on his writing methods.
Collaborative Composition
Authors: Smith Carrie
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores how two collaborative projects affect Hughes’s notion of authorship and the process of writing by discussing the tension that often lies at the heart of collaboration and the art of poetic ekphrasis. The archive of Cave Birds reveals the complex nature of Leonard Baskin and Hughes’s collaboration — one that foregrounds the tension between poetry and visual art built into the creation of the book. In the drafts of Remains of Elmet, created with photographer Fay Godwin, the poems assert themselves by considering what a photograph cannot capture: a sonic landscape and an already vanished, unphotographable geographical and familial past. The chapter argues that archival analysis shows Hughes’s linguistic engagement with the power of images and their relationship to the written word in the process of collaboratively creating Cave Birds and Remains of Elmet, revealing the ways in which this allowed him to reaffirm the importance of poetry.
Shrewd Obliquity of Speech: Landing Light (2003)
Authors: Wilkinson Ben
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyses key poems from Paterson’s fourth volume, Landing Light. It argues that the idiomatic assurance of direct address is refined in this collection as a means of immersing the reader in the complex philosophical and metaphysical thinking that the poems enact, often taking Machado’s example. This is explored in relation to the book’s central themes: further quarrels with the self, serving to develop the doppelgänger trope first discussed in Chapter 1, and the notion of ‘the human dream’, Paterson’s Heideggerian coinage for the perceptually-restrictive nature of the human condition, and its consequent existential implications. In doing so, the chapter draws on the notion of poetic deixis – the spatio-temporal context and subjective perspective that is varyingly encoded into any given poem – as well as Deleuze and Guattari’s poststructuralist theory of deterritorialisation, with which Paterson’s concept of the human dream can be seen to be in dialogue.
'The Age-Old Struggle'
Authors: Hepworth Jack
Published: May 2022

Drawing upon a wide range of archival material and oral histories, this book analyses the internal dynamics of Irish republicanism since the outbreak of conflict in 1969. Examining more than 500 political periodicals and ephemera, ‘The age-old struggle’ assesses the complexity of republicanism’s composition, intellectual and ideological influences, and internal dynamics amid tactical and strategic reorientation. Moreover, engaging the perspectives of more than 250 republican activists, this book illuminates how the movement’s base experienced the conflict, and how it is remembered today. Through five thematic chapters, this book explains how class, place, and networks within the movement alternately sustained, complicated, and fragmented republican politics. Republicans experienced class and interacted with class politics differently. Activists spatialised and historicised their struggle locally, nationally, and internationally. At moments of crisis and transformation in their campaign, republicans mobilised in contrasting networks which either advocated or repudiated ‘new departures’. These competing milieux mediated individual interpretations of strategic change and power dynamics within republicanism. This book’s conclusions have implications for assessments of radical movements beyond Ireland, and for understanding Irish republicanism today.
The Global ’68 And The Its Global Afterlives
Authors: Hepworth Jack
Published: May 2022

This chapter situates republicanism in the context of the global New Left and the ‘afterlives’ of the global ’68: assessing how republicans by turns imitated, refracted, and repudiated New Left ideas illuminates the multiplicity of Irish republicanism in ‘the ’68 years’. Assessing the acutely local character of republican reawakening in 1969, this chapter juxtaposes republicans’ international political perspectives and the primacy of a supposedly unique Irish national struggle. Analysing the commemorations of Northern Ireland’s ’68 on its tenth anniversary, it discusses the potency and contentiousness of collective memory of civil rights among republicans historicising and rethinking their ongoing campaign in 1978.
Shifting Strategies
Authors: Hepworth Jack
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores how republican organisations interpreted and negotiated shifts in tactics and strategy through the 1980s and 1990s. Especially in the early and mid-1980s, many republicans, prisoners included, considered electoral interventions as complimentary additions to a broadening republican campaign, rather than as potential diversions from a militant armed struggle. Combining historical documentary sources with contemporary oral testimonies, this chapter asserts the importance of locality and personal networks in navigating intra-movement networks. It posits that the Provisional republican leadership did not design an irreversible strategic turn in the early 1980s. Instead, a series of small tactical shifts transformed the campaign, receiving majority support among a grassroots movement concerned chiefly with maintaining its unity. Prioritising sustaining a guerrilla struggle, centripetal tendencies throughout the strata of the movement counteracted the fissiparous potential of tactical and strategic change.
Ghérasim Luca’s Francophonics
Authors: Sigal Raphaël
Published: May 2022

Je suis l’Étranjuif.

G. L.

Ghérasim Luca’s name doesn’t resonate often in English-speaking mouths. He is nowhere to be found in the English-language anthologies of francophone literature. Nothing in the index of French Global: A New Approach to Literary History; he is buried below Lovejoy, Arthur (American); Lucian (ancient Greek); Lukacs (Hungarian). In the anthologies of French literature, he isn’t anywhere either. Nothing in ...
Sound Capture and Transmedial Resonance: Moncef Ghachem’s Lyric
Authors: Talbayev Edwige Tamalet
Published: May 2022

This chapter ponders the insights that an analysis of sound—as a material object open to resemanticizations and imaginative investment—can bring to the study of Francophone lyric. It aims to bring nuance to the study of the transcultural movement of lyric by unlocking the forms of sonic transfers and cognitive negotiations that occur between languages in the process of poetic circulation and intertextuality. Through a study of the collaborative recording Dalle Sponde del Mare Bianco, a musical transposition of Tunisian poet Moncef Ghachem’s francophone verse in the distinctive, plurilingual register of the Sicilian band Dounia (through performances that filter French verse through Arabic, Italian, and Sicilian), this essay pinpoints the multiple translational, heteroglossic registers laboring underneath the Francophone text. As “an aperture for interventional creativity” (Chow 2012: 54), sound capture emerges here as a generative process distilling the enduring resonance of lyric’s orality. Chipping away at any solid demarcating line between linguistic systems, Ghachem’s transmedial lyric invites a scrupulous reading of the multiple affinities between languages and of their sonic intimacies. For it is in the hospitable interval between sonic emission and deferred, transposed reception that lyric—as an intermedial, translingual process—fully resonates.
Listening to 19th-Century Haitian Poetry
Authors: Munro Martin
Published: May 2022

Haiti’s independence was announced in sound and words, in the 1804 Declaration of Independence that was, as Edwidge Danticat says, “itself a poetic text, filled with poignant and elaborate imagery and passionate language.” Early poetry in Haiti was similarly charged with declarative functions and forms: made to be heard, it was, as the historian Émile Nau put it, “the song of the multitude, a general outpouring, an epic.” To have an impact, to be heard, such a song for the people drew on the “oral, rhythmic traditions” of popular culture, the sounds that had survived slavery and served as markers of identity and solidarity during the long war of independence (Doris Kadish and Doris Jenson, Poetry of Haitian Independence, 2015).  This chapter draws on the earliest Haitian poetry to show the ways in which sounds were important means of asserting the new nation’s sense of itself, communicating its understanding of its place in the world, and imagining history and memory in a time marked by upheavals and uncertainty, and the persistent reminders of the legacies of the colonial past.
Timbuktu , Sonic Map of Desert Futures
Authors: Jarvis Jill
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyzes the subtle soundtrack of Abderrahmane Sissako’s celebrated and controversial film Timbuktu (2014) in ways that both challenge the primacy of optical knowledge concerning the African Sahara-Sahel and unsettle existing disciplinary boundaries in the study of francophonie. Experienced acoustically, Sissako’s film is a sonic relief map of desert languages, musics, and more-than-human soundings in which multiple itineraries can be felt to coalesce and converge. On its lower frequences, the film subverts familiar visual frameworks and tropes about this desert city, attuning spectators to the sounding presence of intricate, interspecies ecosystems and diasporic interrelationships that are fully vivid yet move beyond the domain of sight.
A Walk on the Wilde Side: Rock Music and Listening as Narrative Strategy in Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis
Authors: Solheim Jennifer
Published: May 2022

While works from mainland France by writers of French origin are categorized by historical era, with emerging literary voices in French from the colonial world the organization becomes spatial, regional, and geopolitical. This distinction disrupts the chronological narrative established when following historical eras: as an organizing principal for French literature, historical time sets a tempo with which francophone works are always already out of step—and thus, organizationally speaking, incongruous. In this essay, the graphic novel Persepolis (2000) serves as an exemplar of francophone works that establish their own narrative tempo. The music of performers like Kim Wilde and Iron Maiden help Marjane negotiate her experience of Iran under the Islamic regime, and informs the narrative arc: music and music culture serves as a narrative strategy throughout Persepolis. Furthermore, reactions to music set the stage for Marjane’s exile to Vienna. Working with the theorizations of broadcast sound and contraband music from Franz Fanon and Peter Szendy and Raymond Williams’ concept of emergent cultures, this essay demonstrates how music and other cultural sounds can function as narrative strategy on the graphic page, setting its own narrative tempo upon the French cultural landscape.
Avatars of Sport in Medieval and Early Modern French Literature
Authors: McClelland John
Published: May 2022

John McClelland chronicles the earliest appearances of physical culture and competitive sports in French literature, from the 12th- to 17th-centuries. The texts examined include the chivalric romances of Chrétien de Troyes, biographies of medieval notables such as Guillaume le Maréchal and Bertrand du Guesclin, Rabelais’s Gargantua, the poetry of Ronsard and Du Bellay, Montaigne’s Essais, and Descartes’s Discours de la méthode. McClelland shows that sports (i.e., jousting and tourneying) appear in the ‘matière de Bretagne’ as important activities in the life of the Arthurian knights, whether they are competing for a valuable reward, or showing off their manhood. He illustrates how sixteenth-century literary heroes, whether fictional (Gargantua) or poetic personae (Ronsard’s and Du Bellay’s representations of themselves), combine intellectual and athletic pursuits and are thus presented as completely rounded persons. He then discerns a shift in this ethos in Montaigne and Descartes, such that from the 17th century on, the French value intellectual control above all else; as a result, the jeu de paume disappears to be replaced by various jeux de cartes, and physical competitions become objects of display performed by professionals or by young boys (Rousseau’s Émile).
‘She has a great shot!’: Representations of Sport and Gender in the French Book Series Le Petit Nicolas
Authors: Laborde Cynthia
Published: May 2022

Roxanna Curto examines how Echenoz’s turn to sport as a narrative subject corresponds to a rethinking of his notions of the relationship between fiction and reality, differences between elite and popular culture, and questions of style and efficacy. She also considers how running, much like the other sports discussed in this volume, functions as a shifting signifier whose meaning changes according to the immediate cultural and political context, including Cold War history and contemporary politics. As Curto argues, first, the work plays with its own novelistic form, using a literary, at times journalistic style of writing to present a protagonist that at the beginning appears to be a purely fictional character, but the reader later realizes is based on a real-life figure. Second, the narrative, through its discussions of Zatopek, constructs a figurative discourse for the style of the novel itself. Zatopek’s style is described as simple and inelegant yet ‘it worked,’ much like the author’s means of telling the story could be said to be direct and functional. Finally, Courir, which was published in 2008, the year of the Beijing Olympics, uses sport as a means of producing a political commentary about Communist regimes from the 1960s and today.
Introduction
Authors: Daniel Rob
Published: May 2022

The introduction provides an overview of the 1991 Cape Fear, and aspects of it the book will analyse. How the remake began as a Steven Spielberg film, and how Spielberg and Robert De Niro drew Martin Scorsese into a project for which he originally had little interest. An overview of the original John D. MacDonald novel, The Executioners, plus the original film adaptation from 1962. How Scorsese’s recruitment of cinematographer Freddie Francis and title designers Saul and Elaine Bass are evidence of him approaching Cape Fear as a horror film. An introduction to the controversy in 1991, including misogyny accusations levelled at the film, plus the cultural and political milieu into which the film was released. General introduction to why Cape Fear makes most sense as horror cinema, and how commentary at the time used language better suited to describing horror films when discussing what was ostensibly a thriller.
‘It’s About a Woman Who Fucks With an Octopus’
Authors: Taylor Alison
Published: May 2022

In the shadow of his marital breakdown, and his exile from Poland, Żuławski envisioned a story of a divided couple against the background of a divided city. Pitching to a potential financer, he announced that the film was about ‘a woman who fucks with an octopus,’ a conversation which raised him the two-million dollar budget required. And with that, Possession was spawned. Possession is a truly ‘transnational’ film; a Polish director’s only English-language film, shot in a partitioned Berlin setting, with a cast hailing from France, New Zealand, and Germany. Replete with tales of special effects legend Carlo Rimbaldi’s rushed construction of the tentacle monster, altercations on set resolved with death threats, and drunken stuntmen determined to do as much self-harm as possible, the film’s production history is almost as bizarre as the finished product. Chapter two provides an overview of the production process, including details about the screenplay, noteworthy crew, locations, and shoot.
Introduction: Why Trouble Every Day?
Authors: Robertson Kate
Published: May 2022

The introduction gives a brief synopsis of the film, introducing the narrative and characters. It outlines the work of the director Claire Denis and also how it fits into the New French Extremity movement.
The Ultimate Experience in Gruelling Terror
Authors: Haynes Lloyd
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the difficulties that were to be found in raising the finances for a full-length 16mm horror feature. The budget was set at $150,000 and it took some time to raise, as the filmmakers went from investor to investor, screening WITHIN THE WOODS for them and outlining their ideas for what would eventually become THE EVIL DEAD (then known as BOOK OF THE DEAD). Once financing was secured, locations were sought in Tennessee, where the freezing weather and long working hours played havoc with the patience of the cast and crew. Once principal photography was over, the crew relocated to Michigan for the post-production re-shoots and the filming of additional scenes, and this chapter also considers the innovative (and highly improvised) cinematography of Tim Philo and memorable special make-up effects of Tom Sullivan, whose demon meltdown sequence is one of the film’s many highlights.
The ‘Bad Dream’ and the ‘Bad Place’ in The Evil Dead
Authors: Haynes Lloyd
Published: May 2022

The cabin in the woods location is a fine example of the ‘bad place’ motif which stretches back to the Gothic novels of the 18th century. The horror genre is littered with such places (haunted house stories revolve entirely around places with a bad or evil history) and THE EVIL DEAD turns on a dilapidated log cabin where the recitation of words on a tape recording conjures dark forces which terrorise and infect a group of friends, turning them one by one into snarling, cackling demons. THE EVIL DEAD is also one of a number of horror films which locate their terrors within a limited time frame, and this creates a ‘bad dream’ effect in which the nightmare is never-ending and increasingly horrific. This chapter examines the horrors of THE EVIL DEAD and how the concept of the ‘bad place’ combined with the ‘bad dream’ generates a wildly absurd and surreal assault on the senses of the audience.
“Interesting Little Laboratory you Have Here.” 1980S Horror Cycles and Industry Dynamics
Authors: Falvey Eddie
Published: May 2022

Despite the fact that Re-Animator was made against the backdrop of Ronald Reagan’s America, this chapter starts by challenging a tendency in horror studies to employ reflectionist criticism that takes films as being wholly indicative of the cultural landscape in which they are created. While this is sometimes the case, this chapter argues that Re-Animator is better understood as illustrative of developing industrial strategies that are typified by Charles Band’s Empire International Pictures, the studio from which it came. Exploring Re-Animator as an Empire film, this industry-focussed chapter considers how it demonstrates shifts to new models of horror production.
Mary Balfour’s Kathleen O’Neil (1814)
Authors: Clare David
Published: May 2022

While the Derry-born Anglican writer Mary Balfour may have championed the culture of the Irish Gaelic majority of Ireland in her work, her Ulster Scots background manifests itself in various ways in her only play, the 1814 melodrama Kathleen O’Neil. This play is set in a Gaelic kingdom in Ulster in the Middle Ages. Although she is highly critical of Scotland and Scots throughout the script, she demonstrates an awareness of the persistent connection that has existed between Ulster and Scotland throughout recorded history. This stands in sharp contrast to Balfour’s Church of Ireland contemporaries who were not from Ulster Scots backgrounds; they either damn Ulster as a thoroughly “Scottish colony” or regard all Ulster Scots as uncomplicatedly Irish. Balfour’s Ulster Scots background is also apparent in the didactic passages about religion in the script. She uses characters to voice anachronistic “Protestant” critiques of aspects of Catholicism she finds worrying.
Justice and the “Triple Goddess” Archetypes in Anna Maria Hall’s Mabel’s Curse (1837)
Authors: Moloney Ciara
Published: May 2022

Although the literary merits of her writing are generally considered limited, this chapter argues that Anna Maria Hall’s Mabel’s Curse is a deceptively rich study of justice and gender. Adapted from her short story “Mabel O’Neill’s Curse”, the play transfers the action from rural Ireland to Kent after the English Civil War. The character of Mabel represents each of the “triple goddess” archetypes – maiden, mother, crone – introduced in reverse-chronological order. Tracing Mabel’s shifting role in the play uncovers both the liberatory possibilities and the limitations of these archetypes. Additionally, Mabel’s role illuminates the play’s shifting understanding of justice, in the forms of curses, blessings, mercy, and revenge, concluding that revenge is ultimately self-injurious.
Operas without a Hero
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines three comic operas by librettist Mary Heyne and composer Elena Norton that were successfully performed in Dublin in the 1870s. While The Rose and the Ring (1876), Don Giovanni Thompson (1877), and The Lost Chord (1879) are now lost, a number of details about these works can be gathered from contemporary reports. The real identities of the authors are discussed and their work is situated within the shifting musical tastes of the Dublin theatre scene. The playful approach to the gender stereotypes of the time taken by Norton and Heyne in these operas is also examined.
From Gort to Antarctica
Authors: Pilz Anna
Published: May 2022

Drawing on new archival sources, this chapter explores Lady Gregory’s audiences via a case study of The Rising of the Moon. It considers the ways in which the same text circulated in what Richard Brodhead refers to as different “cultures of letters”. The discussion traces the play’s journey from page to stage by focusing on four different literary-social worlds: from its first publication in the US-based bilingual magazine An Gaodhal / The Gael in 1903 and its world premiere by an amateur society for the London Irish in 1904 to the text’s reprint in the commemorative issue of Samhain magazine in 1904 and its eventual appearance on the stage of the Abbey Theatre in 1907. This print and production history situates Gregory within a wider, transnational context and opens out rich avenues for future research.
The Premiere Staging of Mount Prospect (1940) by Elizabeth Connor (the Pen Name of Una Troy) at the Abbey Theatre
Authors: O’Dowd Ciara
Published: May 2022

The novel Mount Prospect by Waterford writer Elizabeth Connor was published in 1936. It is a dark thriller, a morbid analysis of Irish small-town society, and a callous dissection of the Irish mother-figure. Connor wrote about female emancipation, infidelity, and desire: subjects not prevalent on Irish stages at the time. But in 1940 Connor adapted her novel for the stage and submitted it to the Abbey Theatre, where it won the annual playwriting competition and was staged to public and critical acclaim. This chapter re-examines the staging of Mount Prospect through archival records from the 1930s–1940s. It engages with correspondences between the novel, which fell foul of the Irish Free State’s Censor, and the play. It proposes that Connor’s contribution to playwriting in Irish theatre history has been overlooked and argues that her examination of female desire and power deserves to be re-considered and re-staged for a contemporary audience.
Christina Reid
Authors: Pine Emilie
Published: May 2022

This chapter considers the role of memory as both unifying and divisive, both restorative and destructive, in the plays of Christina Reid, with particular focus on her trilogy of “memory” plays Tea in a China Cup (1983), The Belle of the Belfast City (1989), and My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name? (1989). Memory serves sometimes as a nostalgic compensation for the present, sometimes as a unifying demonstration of the importance of the collective past, and sometimes as origin of the divided and insurmountable differences of the present. In Reid’s plays the past is something to be held sacred. The past is, however, also simultaneously something to leave behind. Reid uses this tension to question the role of memory in either transcending or transforming the self, and to question what happens if the memory is unreciprocated? What if memory doesn’t hold the solution? And what if we stopped remembering altogether?
Anne Devlin: Depicting a Gendered Journey
Authors: Minogue Megan W.
Published: May 2022

In Anne Devlin’s 1984 television play The Long March, political and historical narratives frame the lives of two families – the Walshes and the Molloys – who live in predominantly republican areas of West Belfast. While the individual characters in these families have lived through many similar experiences and events, the march forward for the next generation is often gendered, with some avenues being more open to or acceptable for men rather than women. And, as Devlin highlights, the male experience of the Troubles is often deemed more “legitimate” than the female. In the end, however, Devlin’s play demonstrates the sombre inevitability of a long march ahead for all characters: a lack of any comfortable resolution, both dramatically and in the political landscape, ensures that Devlin leaves her audience with an unsettling sense that both men and women have not come very far from where they started.
Lizzie Nunnery’s Intemperance (2007) and Mental Health Difficulties among the Irish in Britain
Authors: Clare David
Published: May 2022

Intemperance (2007) by Liverpool-Irish playwright Lizzie Nunnery tells the story of an Irish family living in penury in Liverpool during the 1850s. The family has been psychologically scarred by discrimination endured at the hands of English locals, as well as by the death that has surrounded them in Ireland and Liverpool. This chapter concentrates on Nunnery’s interest in the anti-social behaviour of the family, which they sometimes worry is a sign of incipient “madness”. Intemperance is part of a line of important works by English scriptwriters of Irish descent (e.g., Martin McDonagh and Jimmy McGovern), in which the writers show Irish characters psychologically struggling. As numerous studies have shown, mental health difficulties among Irish-born people in Britain are disturbingly high. By focussing on the psychological struggles of the Irish in Britain, writers like Nunnery are noting something quite true (and worthy of attention) about the community from which they hail.
“Unrealing the Real”
Authors: Purcell Siobhán
Published: May 2022

Exploring the construction (and constriction) of identities fraught by the biological markers that stake our place in the world – size, ability, sex – the current relevance of Lynda Radley’s Futureproof (2011) cannot be understated. Teetering on the precipice of the modern moment, Futureproof charts the declining fortunes of a travelling freak show as obsolescence looms, and explores the power relations of those who are deemed to fall outside of socially accepted norms. Radley’s play blurs the binaries of human identity and shines a light on the co-construction of norms of gender, ability, size, and sex. Living on the fringes of society, the very presence of the freak show both troubles and confirms the deeply entrenched norms of human variability. Additionally, by reproducing historical gazes in the present moment, Radley asks us to consider our own complicity in such acts and to re-evaluate the now-present of Futureproof.
Mayotte Capécia
Authors: Couti Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

Focussing on two key historical political moments (An tan robè and departmentalization), Chapter 3 offers an examination of the significance of a barely-literate writer from a modest background finding strategies to express her “own” voice. Despite or because of Mayotte Capécia’s 1949 France-Antilles literary prize, the ways in which her novel Je suis Martiniquaise was promoted, the way the French audience celebrated her, and the ways in which her Martinican peers, particularly Jenny Alpha attacked her, all the contentions centered on the nexus of class and gender, and race as well. The ways in which the texts under this penname were produced highlight how her very existence reaffirms that one of the greatest threats to Black feminism may stem from the women of color who perform their version of commodified Blackness and Black sexuality for personal gain or increased social status. If Lacascade’s novel examined in Chapter 2 appears to be a national romance praising the ties between Martinique and France during and after WWI, Chapter 3 considers how Je suis Martiniquaise is a failed national romance, questioning the place of Martinique in the French national fabric.
Coda
Authors: Couti Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

Using recent debates about the Code noir and the memory of slavery, the Coda reminds readers that discussion of French colonial past and the place of French Antilleans in greater France has always been and remains contentious. This last section discusses how one way or another, Lacascade, the Nardal sisters, Capécia, Lara, and Tardon make and unmake the French Nation. Their remaking of the nation includes a critique of continental France but also Europe (namely the Western model of Reason and universalism) and informs their discussions about Blackness and its connection to humanism. Despite their divergent viewpoints, they all agree on one very important point: humanism (what it means to be a person) as defined by France and Europe is not a universalist nor inclusive concept. What they consider a valid humanism has many branches and manifestations.
Afterword
Authors: Soloveitchik Haym
Published: May 2022

This afterword differentiates between mimetic and text culture. The distinction between a text society and a mimetic one lies not in the mode of transmission, but in the range of available mimetic models and in the closeness or distance of the corrective, critical referent. In a mimetic society, one draws one's models from across the entire social spectrum. In the Orthodox Jewish world, the only remaining source of authenticity is the text, and the only current embodiment of authenticity is the master of the text. The second difference between the mimetic transmission of a text culture and that of a mimetic culture is the susceptibility to revision. Finally, it should be noted that the mimetic society and the text society are unrelated to religious or natural cosmology.
Introduction
Authors: Mohite Ragini
Published: May 2022

This introduction sets the stage for reading Rabindranath Tagore and W. B. Yeats transnationally. Beginning with their first meeting and collaboration, it contextualizes their place as important contributors to aesthetic modernisms while recognizing the impact of the socio-cultural and political conditions under which they were writing. Narratives of modernism and nationalism were in dialogue in their works, coming together to allow for a narrative that reconceptualized history and tradition in non-linear ways. These works were seeped in an understanding of the East-West relationship that took its cues from orientalism and Asianism. The introduction makes the case that the Tagore-Yeats relationship is a significant part of the transnational Indo-Irish axis in the twentieth century.
Introduction
Authors: Foley O'Connor Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Identity and belonging, or the lack thereof, was central to both Colman Smith’s work and life as a perceived biracial, gender-nonconforming person. Colman Smith was born in London on February 16, 1878 to wealthy white American expatriate parents. However, throughout her life she was consistently viewed as an Other, with contemporaries describing her as Asian, Black, or even an indeterminate “creature.” Given her well-documented dark skin, it seems highly likely that Colman Smith was biracial, but I have found no direct evidence to support this through my archival research. In the absence of such confirmation, I concentrate on how her critics and audiences viewed her and how she capitalized on others’ perceptions of her as a biracial person through her Afro-Jamaican Anansi performances. This introduction then considers the influence of primitivism on Colman Smith’s reception and positions her in relationship to other modernist women writers.
Becoming Pixie
Authors: Foley O'Connor Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Chapter 3 proposes that the embrace of both her new nickname, Pixie, and the friendship of the woman who had bestowed it on her, Ellen Terry, was important to her development of a non-binary gender identity. Colman Smith quickly became enmeshed in the creative worlds of Terry and her children, Edith and Gordon Craig. Indeed, it was while listening to Gordon Craig play Bach that Colman Smith experienced her first musical vision, which led to her most sustained creative output. She also became a long-time friend and collaborator of Edy Craig. During this pivotal period, she met W. B. Yeats, was initiated into the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, became a Masquer, and contributed stage designs to several of his productions. This friendship led to other collaborations with his siblings, notably co-editing A Broad Sheet with Jack Yeats from 1902 to 1903. Increasingly, Colman Smith realized that she wanted to exert control over her projects and pursue her own artistic vision. To this end, the chapter argues that the thirteen issues of The Green Sheaf made important contributions to modernist print culture and show both the influence of and a reaction against W. B. Yeats.
Epilogue
Authors: Foley O'Connor Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

The Epilogue rounds out Colman Smith’s life by examining her neglected later years. It examines how her conversion to Roman Catholicism in the summer of 1911 marked a renewed commitment to her feminism and symbolic art, rather than, as has been suggested, a renunciation. The years following her conversion were busy ones. She was an active participant in the women’s suffrage movement, had a major solo exhibition at the Berlin Photographic Company in New York, and completed several illustration projects that had a distinct feminist bent. During World War I, Colman Smith was active in a variety of charitable war efforts and participated in a few exhibitions, but interest in her work began to wane. After moving to Cornwall, she was increasingly troubled by financial difficulties. Although there was a resurgence of interest in her work in the mid-1920s, it was short-lived. The constant in her life during this period was Nora Lake, with whom she had a close, intimate relationship, and with whom she lived for at least twenty-five years. After selling her house, Parc Garland, in 1939, she eventually settled in Bude, where she died in 1951.
On Progress and American Success
Authors: Nemmers Adam
Published: May 2022

This chapter chronicles the American tour and unlikely career of Gertrude Stein, who struggled to achieve a popular audience on account of her abstruse prose. The Making of Americans, her modern(ist) epic novel, was her original contribution to the genre and the book she felt was her masterpiece that would produce a fuller understanding of the “bottom nature” of Americans. This chapter also offers a history of the prominent American ideology of progress, beginning from the Puritans, continuing through the period of pioneering and manifest destiny, and reaching a critical juncture with the closing of the frontier. Put simply, Americans believed in boundless progress and material success as parcel of the American nation, no matter the cost.