bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industry 4.0 From the Systems Engineering Perspective
Authors: Bureš Vladimír
Published: June 2019

Systems engineering focuses on design, development, and implementation of complex systems. Not only does the Industry 4.0 concept consist of various technical components that need to be properly set and interconnected, but it is also tied to various managerial aspects. Thus, systems engineering approach can be used for its successful deployment. Overemphasis of technological aspects of Industry 4.0 represents the main starting point of this chapter. Then, collocation analysis, word clusters identification, selection and exemplification of selected domain in the business management realm, and frequency analysis are used in order to develop a holistic framework of Industry 4.0. This framework comprises six levels – physical, activity, outcome, content, triggers, and context. Moreover, the information and control level is integrated. The new holistic framework helps to consider Industry 4.0 from the complex systems engineering perspective – design and deployment of a complex system with required parameters and functionality.
Cloud Computing Adoption
Authors: Priyadarshinee Pragati
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to develop a cloud computing adoption scale for Indian manufacturing, service, and process Industries. The scale development procedure has been followed from the previous studies and is refined further for clear understanding to adopt easily. In the first step, we have conducted a qualitative study for item selection. The second step includes pilot testing of 110 responses for measurement scale purification and finally, we are validating the scale with 660 sample respondents through convergent validity and discriminant validity. The initial result showed very poor threshold values for the items “Top management support” and “Marketplace establishment” which are having a strong literature support. This measurement scale will help managers to evaluate the level of cloud adoption to increase the business performance. The study is a first time attempt to develop a validated scale for cloud adoption that can be used in Indian Industries.
Research Dimensions of Open Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Rahman Hakikur
Published: June 2019

Innovation is treated as a recognized driver of economic prosperity of a country through the sustained growth of its entrepreneurships. Moreover, recently coined term open innovation is increasingly taking the lead in enterprise management in terms of value addition. Foci of academics, researchers and practitioners nowadays are revolving around various innovation models, comprising innovation methods, processes and strategies. This chapter seeks to find out open innovation researches and practices that are being carried out circumscribing development of entrepreneurships, particularly the sector belonging to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through a longitudinal study. Along this context the chapter put forwards part of a continuous study investigating into researches in the area of open innovation for entrepreneurship development that are being carried out by leading researchers and research houses across the globe, and at the same time it also investigating open innovation practices that are being carried out for the development of entrepreneurships, emphasizing SMEs. Before conclusion the chapter has tried to develop a framework to instigate future research.
Organisational Learning Dimensions and Talent Retention Strategies for the Service Industries
Authors: Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun , Fields Ziska
Published: June 2019

This chapter explores the contributions of organisational learning dimensions and talent retention strategies within an organisation to the development of innovative products/services and business sustainability. A literature review approach was adopted to investigate the link between intra/inter-organisational learning, talent retention strategies and business sustainability. It was found that an organisation needs to invest in continual learning and retention of talented employees to ensure business sustainability in the service industries. The ability to keep high-calibre human capital within an organisation is one of the greatest sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Judging from the global demands for a high calibre of talents, it is extremely difficult if not impossible to retain talents within an organisation for a long period of time. This chapter proposes a framework for developing innovative products/services to enhance business sustainability in the service industry through continuous learning dimensions and upgraded talent retention strategies.
The Role of Living Labs in the Process of Creating Innovation
Authors: Sabat Anna Maria , Florek-Paszkowska Anna Katarzyna
Published: June 2019

The paper is based on the research carried out into Living Labs in Canada. The aim of the paper is presenting the essence of Living Labs as a concept facilitating innovation generation in businesses thanks to the cooperation of various actors, e.g. producers with users, inspiring the process of the development of new goods and services. The research questions raised pertain to the clarification how Living Labs create innovation in businesses. The Living Labs functioning in the Ontario region were the subject matter of the research. The described case study is theorygenic in character because of the early development stage of the knowledge. During the research process the multi-directional nature and the impact dynamics of the idea of Living Labs among peer partners of innovative processes have been noted, emphasizing the prosumer idea as well as the possibility of businesses cooperating in Living Labs.
A Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Authors: Hanel Petr , He Jie , Fu Jingyan , Reid Susan , Niosi Jorge E.
Published: June 2019

The cornerstone of China's strategy for developing high-technology activities is construction of scientific parks to create conditions emulating the successful High-technology clusters in the West. This is a comparative case study of biotechnology clusters in Guangdong province and the better documented ones in Beijing and Shanghai and Shenzhen. The experience of the government-controlled and supported ‘construction' and evolution of biotechnology clusters in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong province is compared with high-tech clustering in the West. The paper documents the existence and performance of the hitherto largely ignored Guangzhou biopharmaceutical cluster. Despite the rapid development of biopharmaceutical activities in Guangdong province, biotechnology is not yet a significant high-tech/high value-added alternative to Guangdong's specialization the labor-intensive export industries.
Exploring the Role of Open Innovation Intermediaries
Authors: Barlatier Pierre-Jean , Giannopoulou Eleni , Pénin Julien
Published: June 2019

In the era of open innovation, companies that want to innovate can no more remain isolated, they have to interact and collaborate with diverse actors of the innovation process. The rise of open innovation practices resulted in an increase of intermediaries for innovation. This chapter aims to better understand why innovative companies use the services of such intermediaries. Two distinct types of open innovation intermediaries have been identified, whose roles are significantly different; while the first type help companies to reduce transaction costs related to open innovation, the second type may be implicated directly in the creation, transfer and diffusion of knowledge. This chapter illustrates both roles in the case of public research valorization and distinguish clearly “Technology Transfer Organizations” (TTOs), whose role is to reduce transaction costs related to technology transfer from “Research and Technology Organizations” (RTOs) that are actively involved in knowledge creation and transfer processes.
Creativity in the Animation Industry
Authors: Liu Zheng , Ma Lei
Published: June 2019

In the past 20 years, animation industry has developed rapidly due to the popularity of technology and a market demand on creativity. Large firms such as Disney and Pixar are continuously seeking strategies to expand, improve, and innovate, whereas most Chinese companies, as late comers are upgrading their capability through original design, technology development and policy support. This chapter focuses on the creativity in the animation industry, with an analysis on brand/character development, technology innovation, and policy influence. It starts with an introduction of the creativity in animation industry from both practice and literature perspectives. Then, there are five cases studies into companies with a highlight on their details of creative activities. Discussion is to address the critical issues of creativity in the animation industry, followed by a conclusion and recommendations for future research areas.
“We Still Don't Like You but We Want Your Money”
Authors: Chung Mona , Mascitelli Bruno
Published: June 2019

The history of Chinese migration goes back nearly as long as colonial settlement. The first major wave, which brought a noticeable number of Chinese to Australia, was the gold rush. Although the Chinese were the first non-British migrants they were heavily discriminated and looked down upon. Under the ‘White Australia Policy', it was guaranteed that the Chinese would not become in any real way, part of the Australian population. Yet despite all these difficulties, by 2010-2011 Chinese migrants became the largest migrant group in Australia. This change is significant as it was a turning point in Australia's demographic makeup (Armillei & Mascitelli, 2016). This paper examines the phenomenon of Chinese migration into Australia and how it evolved from the early years of discrimination to more recent years when the Chinese are seen in more economic opportunist forms. The true motivations of the Australian authorities for opening up to the Chinese are indeed questionable which can aptly be summarised as “we may still not like you but we want your money”.
How to Create, Develop, and Sustain an Organization
Authors: Carvalho João M. S.
Published: June 2019

This chapter provides a summarized and objective review of the relationships among market orientation, innovation, entrepreneurship, business models, creation of value, and sustainability to help an entrepreneur in the process of creating, developing, and sustaining any type of organization. The methodology follows a theorizing approach based on many empirical and theoretical studies on these subjects. It presents a new model—targeting innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainability (TIES)—based on previous developed models and using an integrative approach. It pretends to be a strategic systematization of what makes an organization successful. This type of conceptual analysis can be an opportunity to bring together aspects related to our common future, namely a new economic development that encompasses the evolution of peoples' needs towards a societal wellbeing with reduced social exclusion, a healthier planet, and a more balanced psychological sustainability.
Institutions as Enablers of Science-Based Industries
Authors: Villasana Marcia
Published: June 2019

Biotechnology impacts across different industrial uses of the life sciences, and has acquired a relevant role in addressing challenges faced by world economies such as those related to food, water, energy and healthcare provision. Many governments in emerging economies looking to exploit some of the opportunities provided by advances in biotechnology design institutional frameworks to cope and develop this complex science-based industry. In this context, a country´s science, technology and innovation institutional structure plays a key role in shaping the outcomes, commercialization, investments, and alliance strategies of this particular industry. This chapter builds on the innovation systems perspective to describe how institutions act as enabling factors for innovation and research in biotechnology. These factors are, as defined by the Biotechnology Industry Organization, infrastructure for R&D, human capital, intellectual property protection, regulatory environment, technology transfer frameworks, market, and commercial incentives.
Composite Indices in Technology Management
Authors: Jovanovic Milica , Rakicevic Jovana , Jaksic Maja Levi , Petkovic Jasna , Marinkovic Sanja
Published: June 2019

This chapter focuses on composite indices used in Technology Management (TM). It provides a critical comparative analysis of 5 indices, summarizes their structure, weighting process and emphasizes technology related components of indices as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The second part of the chapter examines the ranks of OECD and BRICS countries for Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Global Innovativeness Index (GII) and Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), and further, we analyzed the correlations of GCI and GII pillars and clusters with the final ranks of countries. The research proved the presence and the importance of TM in the construction of the selected indices, but also identified that there is a lack of composite indicators used exclusively for TM performance which are measured globally by official institutions.
HR Mediated Reverse Innovation
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dipak Kumar
Published: June 2019

This book chapter at the outset explains the concept of reverse innovation, through literature review and review of the practices in different organizations. The chapter then examines the reverse innovation initiatives for business sustainability and value creation of two multinationals in India; one in manufacturing and the other one is in processing (chemical). The chapter then assesses how these two organizations could achieve success, and to what extent such success can be attributed to their sustainable human resource management (HRM) practices. Through critical review of HRM practices, the study documents the best HRM practices, and concludes how multinationals in developing countries can emulate such practices for achieving results in reverse innovation for business sustainability and value creation.
3D Printing Technology Diffusion
Authors: Yayla Kemal , Ozdemir Basak , Burmaoglu Serhat , Yalcin Haydar
Published: June 2019

3D printing technology has been considered one of the most potentially groundbreaking technologies for the future, as the customer expectations, market requirements, and the competition grows in a global scale. In order to understand the potential effect of 3D printing technology and if it is a disruptive innovation that will change the traditional manufacturing paradigm, it is essential to examine the diffusion of knowledge in this area. In this study, 3D printing technology has been reviewed and patent analysis regarding 3D printing technology has been conducted in order to understand the diffusion of 3D printing technology. The results of the patent analysis indicate that the diffusion of 3D printing technology which is represented by the patents of four key methods not expected to fit with Bass diffusion model. According to the findings, it can be concluded that 3D printing technologies are in a situation where a state of maturity has not been reached, yet the growth still continues.
Innovation Management Based on Knowledge
Authors: Briones-Peñalver Antonio-Juan , Roca-Gonzalez Jose-Luis , Martínez-Martínez Inmaculada-José
Published: June 2019

The development of innovation management associated to knowledge management and business inter-organizational relationships based on project management is extremely important for good corporate governance and business performance. The interest of this chapter is to define the conceptual framework of everything mentioned above in technology-based companies. This chapter presents cases based on best practices for the development of innovation management, which is very present in small and medium enterprises with a market approach. This is the case of firms with a defense-related technology. The case study is about the innovation based on knowledge and research and about a technological and strategic view. On the other hand, economic inter-organizational relationships are also taken into account. An empirical analysis of 236 technology-based companies related to Spanish defense industry including a study about Knowledge and Innovation Management (KIM) as well as an assessment of its framework are also included.
Population Growth and Water Supply
Authors: Cobbinah Patrick Brandful , Okyere Dennis Kwadwo , Gaisie Eric
Published: June 2019

With recent and expected record-breaking urban population growth in developing countries, African cities ought to undertake or revisit sustainable planning efforts necessary for managing population growth and dealing with rapid urbanization. This chapter examines how African cities are responding and adapting to rapid population growth in the area of water supply using Ghana as a case study. From a macro perspective, the chapter looks at the nature and extent of population growth and water supply in Africa, with a focus on Ghana. At the micro level, an analysis of the water supply chain in Ghanaian cities, focusing on distribution, equity and accessibility is presented. The chapter further presents a discussion on the way forward regarding urban water supply in Ghana in particular and Africa in general. The chapter concludes with key findings and directions for further research, in relation to population growth and urban water supply.
Sustainability Evaluation of Green Urban Logistics Systems
Authors: Gonzalez-Feliu Jesus
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to propose a systemic vision of literature on sustainable urban logistics assessment and evaluation. Although non-extensive, this overview pretends lack of unification in the subject of assessing and evaluating the impacts of green urban logistics systems, and, through the proposal of a general assessment and evaluation framework, the steps done and being in course towards standards on this field. First, an overview of the research in urban logistics is provided, after what the main visions of sustainable development and their derived issues for urban logistics assessment and evaluation are presented. Then, a framework to assess and evaluate green urban logistics systems via scenario comparison is proposed. This framework aims to propose a methodological framework to use and combine existing methods to assess scenarios, and not a “black-box” model of software ready to use. This is done to make synergies between existing methods, and to show that, although they remain at an initial stage, steps on the way of defining standards are made. After that, the main applicability and application issues of the proposed methodological framework are addressed, showing those principles of standard from the literature. Finally, and to conclude, future developments on urban logistics research are proposed.
Housing Citizenship Through the Federation of Urban Poor in South Africa
Authors: Tshishonga Ndwakhulu Stephen
Published: June 2019

This chapter explores the notion of housing citizenship through the Federation of Urban Poor (FEDUP) among the poor and homeless in South African townships. Through the Federation of Urban Poor, the poor people have been instrumental and pragmatic in promoting housing citizenship self-funded and with the help of the Department of Human Settlement both locally and nationally. The chapter makes use of human-capability development framework to draw lessons for active participation and empowerment in the delivery of services such as houses. The chapter found that the people involved in FEDUP managed to transform their dire situation from marginalization to empowerment and have managed to further outsource both government and private sector resources in the form of finances and human expertise. The data in this chapter are collected through face-to-face interviews, document analysis, and observations.
Informal Housing and the Urban Poor
Authors: Admasu Tesfaye Gebeyehu
Published: June 2019

This chapter examines the nexus between the housing market and the urban poor. Affordability, tenure security, and good governance were examined. The study has employed questionnaires, focus group discussion, key informant interview, and field observation to collect data. Mixed approaches were used for data analysis. The study has revealed that the poorer segment of the population in the study area has less likely benefited from formal housing schemes. Informal settlement areas seem affordable only to some households who have the economic potential in the early years of land transaction (2003/04-2005/06). Tenure insecurity has reached its climax first with the demolition of about 500 houses in the study kebeles in 2011 and then with the promulgation of the new land lease proclamation No721/2011. Decentralized administration has failed to ensure good governance. Therefore, more attention should be given to revisiting housing development programs and projects, taking preventive measures rather than reactive ones, promoting housing finance, and monitoring the decentralization process.
Estimate Urban Growth and Expansion by Modeling Urban Spatial Structure Using Hierarchical Cluster Analyses of Interzonal Travel Data
Authors: Akin Darcin , Alasalvar Serdar
Published: June 2019

Estimating the spatial organization of cities yields insights into interactions over a spatial structure, and thus creating efficient subcenters with more balanced distribution of travel patterns over urban agglomerations can be exercised via models which support an evidence-based spatial planning. As cities evolve and self-organize as complex spatial structures, problems such as accessibility, environmental sustainability, and social equity or weak economy can be incurred by unrealistic development scenarios. In this regard, it is claimed that the dynamic nature of the urban spatial structure can to be modeled to estimate growth and expansion of it using the patterns of freight and passenger movements throughout metropolitan areas under the assumption that there is a simple and straightforward link between travel flows and urban spatial structure. The main effort of this study is to describe and model urban spatial structure and its evolution due to the spatial distribution of population, and employment centers.
Functional Urban Regions and Larger Urban Zones in Europe and Greece
Authors: Anagnostou Spyros
Published: June 2019

In the European Union, Functional Urban Regions are important to economic and spatial planning; so is the existence of statistical data at this spatial level, both for the European and the national policies. Still, most European countries, like Greece, have no official delimitations for these zones - and, consecutively, no socio-economic data produced at this level. “Larger Urban Zones”, created by Eurostat's Urban Audit represent the only proxy to FURs that could be used for comparable studies, but this would demand an effort for a better harmonization and for consequent statistical series.
The Role of Instructional Design in Transformative Learning
Authors: Gordon Kimberley , Lewis Luanne , Auten Jill
Published: June 2019

As transformative learning is rooted in the belief that humans make meaning of their experiences, the incorporation of instructional design (ID) techniques in classroom management as a planning tool is well suited to learning environments in which the facilitator subscribes to Mezirow's theory. ID refers to a systematic process for developing instruction by following a prescribed model focused on accomplishment of desired learning outcomes. ID provides a clear, direct map to guide educators through the creation of lessons in accordance with curriculum expectations. ID is an appropriate tool for the practitioners of the three primary learning theories: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Reiser and Dempsey described ID as a systematic progression of steps undertaken to develop education and training programs in a consistent and reliable fashion; it enables educators to take a modular approach to delivery of learning. This chapter explores the role of instructional design in transformative learning.
A New Border Pedagogy
Authors: Townsin Louise , Walsh Chris
Published: June 2019

Australian universities have implemented outbound student mobility programs focused on the Asian region and hyped them as a ‘powerful' educational strategy with the potential to positively transform students through opportunities to acquire intercultural competence. It is assumed students' intercultural competence will give them ‘the edge' they need to be successful when working with cultural others across diverse contexts. While outbound mobility programs can build students' intercultural competence, this does not happen just because they study abroad. This chapter presents a new border pedagogy based on the concept of hybridity that is being used to transform an Australian outbound mobility program. The new border pedagogy works by intentionally putting what is ‘known' into crisis by constantly blurring and problematising boundaries, binaries and identities. Outbound mobility programs that leverage a new border pedagogy underpinned by hybridity can build students' intercultural competence by encouraging them to embrace potential miscommunication and intercultural conflict.
How to Design an Active E-Course?
Authors: Belcadhi Lilia Cheniti , Ghannouchi Sonia Ayachi
Published: June 2019

Active Learning improves student attitudes and develops thinking and writing skills. It is increasingly recommended as a teaching method to improve learning. In this paper the authors are interested in the transformation of a face-to-face active course into a web-based active course. An instructional design approach based on meta-models for transforming active-based courses into online courses is proposed. This approach provides a detailed description of meta-models and processes of instructional design for active e-courses as well as the main involved actors. In order to evaluate and validate the proposed meta-models a case study has been carried out. It concerned the transformation of an entrepreneurship active course into an online version and its deployment. The proposed instructional design process constitutes the kernel of an authoring tool for the design of an active e-course, which permits to support the instructional designer in the production of active e-courses.
Librarians and Instructional Design Challenges
Authors: Rothwell Susan L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a conceptual and practical perspective on instructional design problems that librarians face, from the perspective of design research. Librarians see increasing need to provide instruction to their users in new ways and on new topics as the world becomes digital and global in nature. The expanding instructional role of librarians requires instructional design skills. However, many librarians have little formal training on instructional design, leading to concerns and confusion about instructional design skills, problems and processes. This chapter discusses design, instructional design issues, concerns and problems (typical and specific to librarians), and explores a conceptual framework to support flexible instructional design based upon the concept of design as a discipline. Examples, recommendations and supporting resources are included.
Modelling for Value Systems in a Diverse Online Program in the Caribbean
Authors: Dickson-Deane Camille , Hill LeRoy , Gray Laura E.
Published: June 2019

The authors present a conceptual framework to guide the participation of students in an online instructional design program. The online program has socio-cultural influencing factors that confound the already diverse nature of the offering. The framework intends to encourage a value system for students that can be used to guide their knowledge and performance as they pursue the tenets of the field of instructional design. Elmore's mode of leadership, Bourdieu's theory of habitus and Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory are used to create a foundation for the framework whilst acknowledging the complexities of the diverse environment. The framework supports and acknowledges the knowledge expected of novice instructional designers through the use of guides whilst acknowledging the systemic and systematic individualistic change processes that will occur.
An Ecological Model of Student Interaction in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Johnson Genevieve Marie , Cooke Audrey
Published: June 2019

Ecological theory conceptualized the student as surrounded by a series of environmental systems and the processes of learning as interaction between the student (i.e., bioecology) and the systems (i.e., microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem). This chapter synthesizes the literature and proposes an ecological model of student interaction in online learning environments. Specifically, learner-learner, learner-instructor and learner-content interactions occur in the microsystem and are mediated by the interface subsystem. Student microsystemic interactions influence and are influenced by the instructional design exosystem. The macrosystem reflects the indirect influence of university culture on all aspects of the microsystem, exosystem and interface subsystem. The chronosystem captures the effect of time on the student and on all ecological systems (e.g., students mature and university culture evolves)
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, the Intercultural Development Index, and Intercultural Communication Competence
Authors: Ragoonaden Karen
Published: June 2019

Given the inherent pluralism of Canadian society, the emphasis on intercultural communication competence (ICC) is a logical extension of second language education in the 21st century. This chapter explores the import of implementing the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in Teacher Education. To support the development of ICC, the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI), a validated tool, was used to assess the intercultural communication competence of second language preservice teachers in Canada. The purpose of this discussion is to examine if teaching and learning about the CEFR in a Curriculum and Instruction course in the area of French as a second language can provide the necessary parameters to promote intercultural communication competence (ICC) of preservice language teachers. In order to assess ICC of preservice teachers, the Intercultural Development Index was administered during the Fall semester of a one year, Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Education Certification Program.
Opening the Classroom to the World
Authors: Ye Xingbei , Molitoris Inna , Anderson David
Published: June 2019

Most curriculum internationalization studies have been focusing on international students and study abroad programs, which has excluded the majority of non-mobile students on American campuses. In addition, the existing studies have been conducted from administrator and faculty perspectives. This chapter generates a substantive theory of intercultural curriculum and teaching methods from the experiences of students who have taken intercultural classes in American classrooms. Active interview theory and grounded theory were utilized for data collection and data analysis. Based on the pure voices from both domestic and international students, this chapter has identified three core categories and eight sub-categories representing student-preferred internationalized curriculum. These categories or themes offer new angles to look at curriculum internationalization.
Fostering Intercultural Identity During Study Abroad to Strengthen Intercultural Competence
Authors: Sol Niki
Published: June 2019

Universities are eager to foster global citizenship within their students, including through study abroad opportunities. However, studying abroad does not necessarily guarantee gains in intercultural competence (Paige & Vande Berg, 2012), especially for the shorter programs that have gained in popularity among university students. This chapter examines the recent literature and argues the need to nurture identity negotiation for students who choose to do part of their higher education abroad; the understanding of one's self is a key component to intercultural competence (Deardorff, 2006). More and more study abroad providers (universities and businesses) have begun to use guided intervention during abroad programs to enhance students' intercultural competence. With careful and intentional pedagogical design, study abroad programs can help students better understand their intercultural identity and become better global citizens.
Speaking With Trunks, Dancing With the “Pink Elephants”
Authors: Clark Christine , Stowers Gwen
Published: June 2019

This chapter takes a contrary view of the “meta” aspect of meta-communication (where meta is defined as “behind” or “beneath”) in the online multicultural teacher education classroom, arguing that such communication inhibits learning about (content) and through (pedagogy) sociopolitically-located multicultural teacher education by enabling e-racism, e-classism, and e-sexism to operate in largely covert manners in the distance education context. Accordingly, this chapter contends that digital meta-communication on issues of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic class, and sex/gender needs to be “de-meta-ed” or made explicit in order for the kind of liberatory reflective conversation on these topics to occur that is foundational to the adequate preparation of PK-12 teachers to effectively educate all students.
Fostering a Global Mind
Authors: Smith Erika Cornelius
Published: June 2019

Globalization is reshaping twenty-first century business practices, and pedagogies of business education must adapt to provide an emphasis on cross-cultural understanding and its impact on business decision making, along with fostering skills for cultural sensitivity. The growing popularity of short-term study abroad and faculty-led immersion offer scholars and educators a new opportunity to study the impact of cross-cultural experiential learning practices on fostering cross-cultural competency among business students. This chapter will review literature describing the theoretical processes or models by which students develop intercultural competence, particularly with respect to faculty-led, short-term study immersion programs, and outline a series of best practices for designing, measuring, and implementing such programs in higher education. Finally, the chapter will conclude with brief recommendations for future research.
Transformation of China's Agricultural Trade in Response to Emerging Tensions on the Global Market
Authors: Erokhin Vasilii
Published: June 2019

China has worked to ensure future food self-sufficiency, but still depends on the imports of many kinds of agricultural products. Imports grow as domestic demand is restructured in favor of qualitative food products of high nutrient value amid the progressive degradation of agricultural lands, and shrinking possibilities for agricultural production. Currently, the majority of such value-added food products is imported from the USA. By raising import tariffs in response to the recent US protectionist policies, China may face a situation of food insecurity. This chapter reviews the recent tendencies in China's foreign trade in food and agricultural products, analyses food security status of China on major kinds of agricultural commodities, discusses current US-China trade relations and reorientation of China's foreign trade in food and agricultural products, and provides possible solutions to the improvement of food security by means of intensification of domestic agricultural production and diversification of imports.
Preferential Trade Agreements of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Lagutina Maria
Published: June 2019

One of the trends in the development of modern trade relations is the increase in the number of concluded preferential trade agreements (PTA), which are considered to be a tool for reducing tariffs and, as a consequence, reducing the costs of entering the domestic market of the partner country. Although the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has made only the first steps on the way towards its development. The EAEU has already managed to create a free trade zone with Vietnam, some agreements have been signed with Iran and China. Each of these agreements has its own specifics. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the economic feasibility and political significance of these preferential trade agreements for the countries of the EAEU and their external partners, as well as to determine the potential expansion of the network of preferential trade agreements of the EAEU.
The Effect of the U.S.-China Trade War on Global Trade
Authors: Özer Ahu Coşkun
Published: June 2019

If one country attacks another country's trade with taxes and quotas, it is defined as a trade war. It is aimed to protect the domestic market from competition. The U.S.-China trade war begun on March 1, 2018, and was centered on the customs duty of 25% for the imported steel and 10% for the imported aluminum. The protectionist measures against each other in both countries have increased day by day. However, the impact of these protectionist measures on global trade is not yet known. In this chapter, the effect of the U.S.-China trade war on global trade is analyzed. For this reason, the export data of the U.S. to China and the global export data yearly is compared. According to the results of the linear regression analysis, if the value of the goods export of the U.S. to China increase 1 unit, the value of global export of the goods increases to 58 units. While the trade wars decreased the goods export from the U.S. to China, it has decreased global goods exports too. In 2018, developments in global commodity exports and the U.S. goods exports to China were observed in the same direction.
The United States' Interests in the Middle East During the Obama Administration
Authors: Al Sharafat Ayman
Published: June 2019

This chapter aims to analyze the US's foreign policy priorities toward Jordan in the communications of Obama, through the period from 2009 to 2017. It answers the questions: what were the US's priorities in Jordan during the Obama administration? And how Jordan was described by Obama's communications. This work is a creative one, it uses qualitative and quantitative to investigate Obama's activities toward Jordan. In order to classify the US interests in Jordan, we use Byman and Molle's classification of the US's foreign policy interests in the Middle East: counterterrorism, security of Israel, democratization, nuclear proliferation, and oil. This chapter finds that Obama's foreign strategy and approach had been driven by the maxim of ‘multilateral retrenchment', which designed to achieve the United States foreign commitments, reshape its standing among the world powers, and transfer burdens onto foreign partners. The United States of America under the Obama administration substantially depended on Jordan to solve many regional complex issues and crisis.
A Guerra Fria e o inimigo comunista nas telas de cinema norte-americanas dos anos 1980
Authors: Silveira Mariana G. Alves da , Alves Vágner Camilo
Published: June 2019

A última década da Guerra Fria foi turbulenta. Seu início apresentou tensão comparável àquela existente nos anos 1950 e princípio dos 1960. A partir de meados dos anos 1980, entretanto, houve distensão, o fim da Guerra Fria e a desintegração do próprio sistema internacional bipolar de poder. O cinema, como outras formas de produção cultural, foi instrumento de propaganda e mobilização durante toda a Guerra Fria. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a Guerra Fria se apresentou nos filmes de maior bilheteria nos EEUU na década de 1980. O inimigo comunista é examinado nesses longas-metragens tendo como base a retórica reaganista do período.

Abstract

The Cold War and the Communist Enemy on the US Movie Theater Screens in the 1980s

The last decade of the Cold War was a turbulent one. Its beginning showed tension comparable to that of the 1950s and early 1960s. As of the mid-1980s, however, there was a détente, the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the bipolar international power system. Movies, like other forms of cultural production, were tools for propaganda and mobilization throughout the Cold War. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the Cold War was shown in the 1980s movies with the highest box-office sales in the US. The Communist enemy is examined in these feature films according to the Reaganist rhetoric of the period.

Resumen

La Guerra Fría y el enemigo comunista en los cines norteamericanos de los años 1980

La última década de la Guerra Fría fue turbulenta. Su inicio presentó una tensión comparable a la existente en los años 1950 y principios de los años 1960. Sin embargo, a partir de mediados de los años 1980, hubo distensión, el fin de la Guerra Fría y la desintegración del propio sistema internacional bipolar de poder. El cine, como otras formas de producción cultural, fue instrumento de propaganda y movilización durante toda la Guerra Fría. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo la Guerra Fría se presentó en las películas de mayor taquilla en EEUU en la década de los 80'. El enemigo comunista es examinado en esos largometrajes, teniendo como base la retórica reaganista del período
Os Militares e a Guerra Fria no Brasil
Authors: Cunha Paulo Ribeiro Rodrigues da
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo procura resgatar um dos períodos mais intensos e menos estudados da Guerra Fria no Brasil, quando duas correntes militares antípodas política e ideológicas atuaram na perspectiva de influenciar através de suas entidades de classe um projeto de nação. Entretanto, essa reflexão tem por foco, os militares nacionalistas e de esquerda, oficiais e praças das forças armadas cuja intervenção foi bem sucedida ao final, com a vitória da Tese do Monopólio Estatal do Petróleo e não intervenção brasileira no conflito coreano, embora ao custo de uma repressão sobre centenas de militares, muitos deles presos e torturados e até hoje não anistiados, demonstrando em última instância, a fragilidade da democracia e do Estado Democrático e de Direito no Brasil.

Abstract

The Military and the Cold War in Brazil

The present article seeks to recover one of the most intense and least studied period of the Cold War in Brazil, when two military antipodal political and ideological currents acted in the perspective of influencing through its class entities a nation project. However, this reflection is focused on the nationalist and leftist military, officers and squares of the armed forces whose intervention was successful in the end, with the victory of the Thesis of the State Petroleum Monopoly and not Brazilian intervention in the Korean conflict, although at cost of a crackdown on hundreds of soldiers, many of them imprisoned and tortured and still unamused, demonstrating in the last instance the fragility of democracy and the Democratic State and Law in Brazil.

Resumen

Los Militares y la Guerra Fría en Brasil

El presente artículo busca rescatar uno del período más intensos y menos estudiados de la Guerra Fría en Brasil, cuando dos corrientes militares antípodas políticas e ideológicas actuaron en la perspectiva de influenciar a través de sus entidades de clase un proyecto de nación. Sin embargo, esta reflexión tiene por foco, los militares nacionalistas y de izquierda, oficiales y plazas de las fuerzas armadas cuya intervención fue exitosa al final, con la victoria de la Tesis del Monopolio Estatal del Petróleo y no intervención brasileña en el conflicto coreano, aunque al costo de una represión sobre cientos de militares, muchos de ellos presos y torturados y hasta hoy no aniquilados, demostrando en última instancia, la fragilidad de la democracia y del Estado Democrático y de Derecho en Brasil.
A narrativa de eventos traumáticos na história do tempo presente: os desafios para o historiador
Authors: Perosa Junior Edson José
Published: June 2019

A construção de uma narrativa sobre eventos traumáticos de extrema violência e horror esbarra nas dificuldades e limites da representação de acontecimentos e fenômenos históricos com verossimilhança. A linguagem escrita impossibilita que eventos como o Holocausto sejam representados e apreendidos completamente, devido a escala de horror perpetrado que não encontra paralelo na vida cotidiana. Discute-se o conceito de História do tempo presente, o processo de produção de uma narrativa, a natureza dos eventos traumáticos e a dicotomia vítimas-perpetradores.

Abstract

The Narrative of Traumatic Events in the Present Time History: challenges for the historian

The construction of a narrative about traumatic events of extreme violence and horror collides with the difficulties and limits on the representation of historical occurrences and phenomena with veracity. The written language hinders that events such as the Holocaust could be portrayed and understood completely, due to the scale of horror inflicted that has nor parallel in everyday life. It is discussed the concept of History of the time being, the process of narrative production, the nature of traumatic events and the dichotomy of victims-perpetrators.

Resumen

La Narrativa de Eventos Traumáticos en la Historia del Tiempo Presente: los desafíos para el historiador

La construcción de una narrativa acerca de los eventos traumáticos de extrema violencia y horror se topa a las dificultades y los límites de la representación de los acontecimientos y fenómenos históricos con verosimilitud. La lenguaje escrita hace que sea imposible para eventos como el Holocausto sean representados y aprehendidos por completo debido a la escala del horror perpetrado que no tiene paralelo en la vida cotidiana. Se discute el concepto de la historia del tempo presente, el proceso de producción de una narrativa, la naturaleza de los eventos traumáticos y la dicotomía víctimas-perpetradores.
A Revolução mexicana em memórias e registros autobiográficos
Authors: Crespo Regina Aida
Published: June 2019

Este artigo propõe analisar cinco relatos de caráter memorialístico e autobiográfico, escritos por personagens relacionados à Revolução mexicana: as memórias do presidente Francisco I. Madero; as memórias das campanhas militares de Álvaro Obregón; as crônicas da Revolução do general Manuel González; as memórias de Isidro Fabela e o livro do escritor Andrés Iduarte, Un niño en la Revolución. Além de analisar brevemente as relações entre memória e história e o caráter das chamadas "escritas de si", este artigo procurará refletir sobre o que moveu os autores a produzir os seus relatos e de que maneira contribuíram para ampliar a visão dos leitores sobre o contexto histórico em que viveram.
Ensino de História: antigos e novos desafios
Authors: Moreno Jean Carlos
Published: June 2019

Partindo de um contexto desafiador, marcado pela pós-verdade e por investidas conscientes de revisionismo histórico e negação da ciência, o presente artigo analisa três abordagens que constatam a instrumentalização política do discurso histórico ao longo do tempo e fazem proposições com vistas à superação dos impasses interpostos ao ensino e à aprendizagem da História. Junto com os autores, o texto procura contribuir para o entendimento histórico, sociológico e cultural dos dilemas que o ensino de História enfrenta contemporaneamente.