bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in brain structure and function following exposure to oral LSD during adolescence: A multimodal MRI study
Authors: Harris Lila , Smith Zachary , Ortiz Richard J. , Athreya Deepti , Chang Arnold , Kulkarni Praveen P. , Ferris Craig F.
Published: March 2024

Background: LSD is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. This is the first study to follow the developmental changes in brain structure and function following LSD exposure in periadolescence.
Methods: Female and male mice were given vehicle, single or multiple treatments of 3.3 µg of LSD by oral gavage starting on postnatal day 51. Between postnatal days 90-120 mice were imaged and tested for cognitive and motor behavior. MRI data from voxel-based morphometry, diffusion weighted imaging, and BOLD resting state functional connectivity were registered to a mouse 3D MRI atlas with 139 brain regions providing site-specific differences in global brain structure and functional connectivity between experimental groups.
Results: Motor behavior and cognitive performance were unaffected by periadolescent exposure to LSD. Differences across experimental groups in brain volume for any of the 139 brain areas were few in number and not focused on any specific brain region. Multiple exposures to LSD significantly altered gray matter microarchitecture across much of the brain. These changes were primary associated with the thalamus, sensory and motor cortices, and basal ganglia. The forebrain olfactory system and prefrontal cortex and hindbrain cerebellum and brainstem were unaffected. The functional connectivity between forebrain white matter tracts and sensorimotor cortices and hippocampus was reduced with multidose LSD exposure.
Conclusion: Does early exposure to LSD in periadolescence have lasting effects on brain development? There was no evidence of LSD having consequential effects on cognitive or motor behavior when animal were evaluated as young adults 90-120 days of age. Neither were there any differences in the volume of specific brain areas between experimental conditions. The pronounced changes in indices of anisotropy across much of the brain would suggest altered gray matter microarchitecture and neuroplasticity. The reduction in connectivity in forebrain white matter tracts with multidose LSD and consolidation around sensorimotor and hippocampal brain areas requires a battery of tests to understand the consequences of these changes on behavior.
Joint inversion of surface and borehole seismic data using adjoint-state traveltime tomography for karst exploration
Authors: Cui Zhongxiong , Peng Dingmao , Tong Ping , Liu Yuzhu , Lou Kaifeng , Yang Kunping , Zheng Ru
Published: March 2024

Karst poses a major safety risk in engineering construction within limestone areas, yet accurate and efficient detection remains challenging for conventional geophysical prospecting methods. An expressway bridge is planning to be broadened out, the argillaceous limestone bedrock covered by ~40 m thick Quaternary overburden layer is designed as the bearing stratum for pile foundation. Karst is moderately developed in the bedrock. This study employs a recently developed eikonal-equation based adjoint state traveltime tomography method to analyze karst characteristics. The advantages of this novel tomography method include its independence of ray tracing, high accuracy in complex heterogeneous media, and computational efficiency. The joint inversion of surface and borehole seismic data further enhances resolution and reliability. Totally 225 nodal geophones were deployed along a 236.4m-long two-dimensional line, intersecting a borehole that reveals a semi-filled karst cave at the depth range of 42.2-46.7 m. The seismic results demonstrate three horizontally adjacent yet disconnected karst caves within the depth range of 40-50 m below the survey line. Each cave is accompanied by a subvertical low-velocity channel extending to the base of the silty clay layer. The width of the channel appears proportional to the size of the cave, suggesting its role as a runoff passage connecting the karst cave and overlying permeable gravel layer.
A machine learning paradigm for necessary observations to reduce uncertainties in aerosol climate forcing
Authors: Redemann Jens , Gao Lan
Published: March 2024

Uncertainties in estimates of climate cooling by anthropogenic aerosols have not decreased significantly in the last two decades, largely because observational constraints on crucial aerosol properties simulated in Earth System Models (ESMs) are insufficient. We describe a new machine learning (ML) based paradigm for deriving vertically-resolved aerosol properties that will help address this insufficiency in aerosol observations. Our paradigm uses high-accuracy suborbital lidar and in situ measurements to train advanced ML algorithms to predict higher-level aerosol properties from lidar observations only, with reanalysis data providing additional constraints. We use simulated UV-only observations as input to our ML algorithms to preview their predictive capabilities in anticipation of the ATLID (ATmospheric LIDar) system on the EarthCARE (Earth Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer) satellite, which will be launched in May 2024. For the simulated ATLID data, we show that our algorithms predict two crucial aerosol properties, aerosol light absorption (ABS) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations with unprecedented accuracy, yielding mean relative errors of 25% and 23%, respectively. These errors represent significant improvements over conventional aerosol retrievals. Applied to future satellite missions, the new paradigm has great potential for constraining ESMs and reducing uncertainties in their estimates of aerosol climate forcing and future global warming.
Timing of Traumatic Brain Injury as a Predictor of Dual Systems Development: Testing for Moderation Effects of Concurrent Age
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: March 2024

There is limited work examining the developmental timing of traumatic brain injuries for influencing development of sensation-seeking and impulse control. Further, there is a dearth of research which examines whether the manifestation of effects of earlier traumatic brain injury appear at later ages via moderation by age. A subsample of participants from the Pathways to Desistance dataset was analyzed (N = 393). This subsample was comprised of all justice-involved youth in the sample who reported ever experiencing traumatic brain injury prior to baseline measurements. Mixed effects modeling was used to examine direct and moderated effects of interest. Results indicated that earlier age at first TBI was a significant predictor of lower impulse control, but not sensation-seeking. There were no significant moderation effects.
Hydrodynamic Forces due to Waves Loads on a Submerged Composite Cylindrical Structure in Water
Authors: Borah Pankaj , Hassan Mohammad , Anh Tran Tien , Konch Nijara
Published: March 2024

In the present study, we consider a submerged composite geometrical shape which contains two cylindrical plates in water of finite depth. The present problem of diffraction by these composite structures approach theoretically under the assumption of linear water wave theory. We use eigenfunction expansion method and separation of variable method to obtain an analytical expression of diffracted velocity potential for each region. The analytical expression also allows us to find the wave forces and overturning moment of the cylinders due to diffraction. Also, the theoretical results are present graphically for various parameters of the proposed geometrical structure. And we have seen significant effect on vertical force for different values of the radii of the cylindrical plate. More spike behaviour have been observed for horizontal force rather than vertical force and moment on the structure. Also, a graphical comparison have been done in between the present study and result given by Yao et al. (2015), which gives the accuracy of our results.
DLK1 as a Potential Biomarker and shows NOTCH signaling could be the potential target for Endometriosis: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Liao Liting , Pan Zhijian
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The objective of this research is to pinpoint potential diagnostic markers for endometriosis and explore the immune infiltration patterns linked with this condition through the utilization of machine learning techniques.
Methods:
A total of five gene expression datasets (GSE7305, GSE7307, GSE25628, GSE23339, and GSE120103) were examined in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that distinguish normal patients from those with endometriosis. The algorithms Random Forest and Lasso regression were utilised to identify diagnostic biomarkers. GSEA and Go&KEGG database were utilised to determine the potential pathway in which the biomarker was implicated. With the ailment. Furthermore, an assessment of immune cell infiltration in endometriosis tissues relative to normal tissues was conducted using CIBERSORT analysis. In order to investigate the relationship between diagnostic markers and immune cell populations, a correlation analysis was performed.
Results:
DLK1 (Delta-like 1 homolog) has emerged as a potential diagnostic biomarker for endometriosis, with indications suggesting that Notch signalling could be pivotal in the development of endometriosis.
Conclusion:
DLK1 emerges as a promising diagnostic biomarker for endometriosis, as our study indicates a complex interplay between immune dysregulation and disease pathogenesis. Notably, our findings elucidate that DLK1 regulates endometriosis through Notch signaling, highlighting the potential of Notch signalling as a therapeutic target for future interventions.
One and a half-stage Total Hip Arthroplasty with Custom-Made Articulating Spacers (CUMARS) for Management of Bilateral Destructive Hip Septic Arthritis – A Case Report
Authors: Hui-Shan Angela Lim , Siong Andy Yeo Kuei , Raghuraman Raghavan , King Charles Kon Kam , Moo Ing How
Published: March 2024

Septic arthritis (SA) is a rare but potentially debilitating condition that can have quality-of-life impacting consequences. Prompt diagnosis and management is pivotal for early infection eradication and prevention of severe joint destruction. However, in a severely destructed joint, surgical options include resection arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Two-stage THA has been described in native hip SA with joint destruction while 1.5-stage THA has only been described in infected THA. This led to the consideration of 1.5-stage THA for management of chronic destructive hip SA. We report a 67-year-old patient with functional decline over eight months. Work-up revealed raised inflammatory markers and bilateral destructive hip SA. He underwent bilateral 1.5-stage THA with antibiotic-loaded Custom-Made Articulating Spacers (CUMARS). Post-operatively, he remains infection free is progressing well with rehabilitation. Management of SA varies largely depending on infection duration, activity level and extent of joint destruction. In primary destructive hip SA, a 1.5-stage THA with CUMARS can be considered due to the benefits of effective infection eradication, cost-effectiveness with reduced physical and psychological burden in avoiding a second operation, yet not precluding the possibility of a two-stage exchange THA if required.
Community structure of soil microorganisms and endophytes of honeysuckle at different ecological niche specificities
Authors: Xu Qingyi , Jiang Dan , Zhou Na , Kang Yingquan , Li Meng , Yang Chuchu , Liu Xinyu , Mi Jiu , Hua Guodong , Ren Guangxi , Liu Chunsheng
Published: March 2024

Background
The plant microbiome is one of the key determinants of healthy plant growth, and it has many functions, such as nitrogen fixation, iron production, phosphorus dissolution, and auxin production. However, the structural composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes in the plant microenvironment in different regions, especially the relationship between subsurface and aboveground communities, is complex and not fully understood. The present study investigated the niche differentiation of plant microbiomes in different regions and the diversity of microbial community structure within different niches.
Methods
High-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the soil and endophytes of honeysuckle. Alpha diversity analysis and principal component analysis (PCoA) were used to study the community composition structure of the soil and endophyte, and the function of endophyte bacteria and fungi was predicted based on the PICRUST2 process and FUNGuild.
Results
In total, there were 382 common bacterial genera and 139 common fungal genera in the soil of different producing areas of honeysuckle. There were 398 common bacterial genera and 157 common fungal genera in rhizosphere soil. More beneficial bacteria were enriched in rhizosphere soil. Endophytic bacteria were classified into 34 phyla and 770 genera. Endophytic fungi were classified into 11 phyla and 581 genera, among which there were significant differences in the dominant genera of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, as well as in community diversity and richness. PCoA indicated that the community structure of endophytic bacteria and fungi among roots, stems, leaves, and flowers was also significantly different. Bacterial community function prediction demonstrated that the relative abundance of functional genes involved in the metabolism of endophytic bacteria was the highest, and the functions of endophytic fungi were mainly related to saprophytic bacteria. In different tissues of honeysuckle, functional genes that could fight microorganisms were also found in KEGG secondary functional genes.
Conclusion
There are many common bacterial genera and fungi genera in the soil and rhizosphere soil of honeysuckle. The endogenous dominant core bacteria in each part of honeysuckle plant have a high degree of overlap with the dominant bacteria in soil. Functional prediction suggested that some dominant core bacteria have antibacterial effects, providing scientific basis for further exploring the microorganisms with antibacterial function of honeysuckle to understand the medicinal value of honeysuckle.
Audio fault diagnosis of belt conveyors based on improved variational modal decomposition and improved adaptive noise reduction convolutional network in strong noise environment
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Wang Hongwei , Liang Wei , Yao Linhu
Published: March 2024

Fault diagnosis of belt conveyors is crucial for coal mine production, but audio-based fault diagnosis in underground coal mines remains challenging due to the strong noise environment. To address this problem, a method for audio fault diagnosis of belt conveyors based on improved variational modal decomposition and improved adaptive noise reduction convolutional networks in a strong noise environment is proposed. Firstly, the improved beluga whale optimization is designed by introducing the non-linear balance factor and non-linear probability and combining them with the proposed cyclical shock factor to optimize the variational modal decomposition parameters to achieve noise reduction and signal reconstruction. Secondly, an improved adaptive noise reduction convolutional network is developed using an adaptive threshold activation function and an improved loss function to enhance noise robustness and fault diagnosis accuracy. Finally, the proposed method's effectiveness is evaluated in low and strong noise environments, with experimental results demonstrating superior fault diagnosis performance. In low noise environments, the fault diagnosis accuracy is 98.61%, and in strong noise environments, it is 98.96%, outperforming existing fault diagnosis methods.
An Investigation of the Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression and their Relationship with Some Demographic Variables in Secondary High School Female Students
Authors: GHsabe Nasibe Farmani , Garmaroudi Gholamreza , Leyli Ehsan Kazemnezhad , Farrahi Hassan
Published: March 2024

Background
Given that mental health is one indicator of health evaluation in different societies and that high school students, especially girls, face many stressors, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression and their relationship with some demographics variables which conducted in secondary high school female students.
Materials and methods
In this descriptive-analytical study, 1,181 secondary school girls of Rasht city were included in the study by cluster sampling method. The research was done using the DASS-21 questionnaire and demographic variables questionnaire. Data analysis was done with SPSS-21 software and statistical tests.
Results
A large number of students were suffering from moderate to severe stress, anxiety, and depression. The investigated variables were the history of mental illnesses in the family, the number of students in the class, the education and occupation of the parents, the economic status, the type of school, green space, the attractiveness of colors and materials, and sufficient lighting in the classroom which are related to these three types of disorders. In the results of logistic regression, the predictor variables of stress, anxiety, and depression were having green spaces in the school, sufficient lighting, and the uniqueness of the colors and materials used in the students' classrooms.
Conclusion
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among students and the correlation of some changeable demographic variables with these mental disorders, efforts to create political, social, and cultural contexts and carry out educational interventions to improve the mental health of students are a serious necessity.
The impact of Sports Social Support, Sports Behavior, and Impulsive Personality on Academic Adaptation in Adolescents
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Tingran , Liu Yongsen , Luo Jiong
Published: March 2024

Background
Currently, Chinese teenagers are facing serious academic adaptation problems, which have affected their physical and mental health development.
Objective
To explore the effects of exercise behavior, social support for exercise, and impulsive personality on academic adaptation in adolescents, and to provide theoretical and practical references for adolescents to overcome academic adaptation barriers and improve academic performance.
Method
Adolescents in Chongqing, China were selected as the survey subjects, and relevant data was obtained through a self-report questionnaire. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 19.0 statistical analysis software were used to process and analyze the data.
Result
Engaging in high contact - high-attack sports, participating in school sports teams, duration of each exercise, and impulsive personality can all induce academic adaptation problems in adolescents, while participating in sports cannot effectively reduce the occurrence of academic adaptation problems; Parental support has a significant positive effect on adolescent academic adaptation problems, but impulsive personality is a key factor in inducing academic adaptation problems.
Conclusion
Impulsive personality is a key factor affecting academic adaptation problems. Adolescents may seek stimulation through high exposure and aggressive exercise, while forgetting the frustration of academic maladaptation, making exercise participation a means of reducing academic adaptation obstacles ineffective.
Observational Study of Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing: Implantation of the Solia S Lead using the Selectra 3D Sheath at an Inclined Angle
Authors: Ju Changlin , Zhou YU , Cheng Keng , Xie Xiangrong
Published: March 2024

Background
Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LBBaP) is a cardiac pacing technique designed to mimic the natural conduction system of the heart. Traditional right ventricular apical pacing has been associated with increased risks of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. This study investigates the stability and safety of LBBaP using the Selectra 3D sheath (Biotronik) with an inclined angle for implanting the Solia S lead (Biotronik, SE & Co, KG).
Methods
A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 25 patients who underwent LBBaP implantation using the Selectra 3D sheath at our hospital. The procedure involved inserting the Solia S lead into the interventricular septum at an inclined angle. Surgical and postoperative data were collected, including the success rate, depth and angle of electrode insertion, complications, and follow-up data.
Results
The success rate of LBBaP implantation was 92%. The length of electrode insertion into the interventricular septum ranged from 12 to 23.0mm, with an average of 18.1 ± 3.08mm. The angle formed between the electrode and the septum ranged from 0° to 57.3°, with an average of 35.14°±14.31°. During the 3-month follow-up period, pacing parameters remained stable, and no complications were reported.
Conclusions
LBBaP implantation using the Selectra 3D sheath with an inclined angle for the Solia S implantation demonstrates stability and safety. The procedure boasts a high success rate and offers an effective option for LBBaP implantation.
Brain metabolic patterns and amyloid brain deposition at 5 years follow-up in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment as assessed by 11 C-PIB and 18 F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jiménez-Bonilla Julio Francisco , De Arcocha-Torres Maria , Lage Carmen , López-García Sara , Martínez-Rodríguez Isabel , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Eloy , Sánchez-Juan Pascual , Quirce Remedios
Published: March 2024

Background: To assess 5-year changes in regional brain metabolic patterns by 18F-FDG PET/CT in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (A-MCI) patients and link these changes to clinical outcomes and initial 11C-PIB PET/CT findings.
Methods: In 65 A-MCI patients diagnosed using 11C-PIB and 18F-FDG PET/CT, a 5-year follow-up began. 34 patients underwent new 11C-PIB and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans, analyzing global and regional brain amyloid load (BAL) and glucose brain metabolism (GBM) across 26 selected brain regions. Clinical status was assessed using the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and neuropsychological tests. Additionally, 73 healthy volunteers formed the control group, undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT scans.
Results: Follow-up at 5 years involved 65 A-MCI patients. Among the 34 re-evaluated (27 PIB positive, 7 negative initially), global BAL increased by 22% and GBM decreased by 1.4%, notably in specific brain regions. In the 27 PIB positive patients, two cerebral metabolic patterns emerged: 13/27 showed reduced global GBM (mean: -11.25%) and 14/27 showed no reduction (mean: 8.80%) (p<0.05), with regional variations. Moderate correlations were found between regional BAL and GBM (r= -0.378 and 0.336). Clinical progress at 5 years for PIB positive A-MCI (GDS3): one remained A-MCI, 10 developed mild-AD (GDS4), 10 moderate-AD (GDS5), and 6 severe-AD (GDS6). Among the 7 PIB negative A-MCI (GDS3), 5 remained GDS3, and 2 developed other dementias.
Conclusions: At 5 years, A-MCI patients with brain amyloid showed diverse glucose metabolic changes, involving global and regional hypermetabolism linked to varying cognitive statuses.
Novel loss of function variant in SOST from Chinese family results in van Buchem disease
Authors: Guo Yufan , Wu Xintao , Gu Yu , Feng Jianhua
Published: March 2024

Background
SOST encodes a secreted glycoprotein that is similar in sequence to the DAN (differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) family of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists. Loss-of-function variants of SOST result in sclerosteosis, Van Buchem disease (VBD), or craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. SOST-related genetic disorders are highly rare, and only limited studies have reported variants associated with VBCH.
Methods
Clinical data such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), emission computer tomography (ECT), electromyogram (EMG), routine blood tests, and physical examinations were collected from the proband. Trio-whole exome sequencing (Trio-WES) of this family was performed on the family, and all variants with a minor allele frequency (< 0.01) in the exon and canonical splicing sites were selected for further pathogenic evaluation. Candidate pathogenic variants were validated through Sanger sequencing. The wild-type and variant of SOST were cloned into an expression vector, and the RNA and protein expression levels were investigated in the HEK293T cell line.
Results
In this study, we present a case study of a proband who displays abnormal facial expressions accompanied by numbness. The results of the brain MRI show thicening of the skull and disapearance of the diplopia signal. The temporal bone CT scan indicates diffuse osteosclerosis affecting the bilateral ossicular chains and internal auditory meatus, as well as stenosis of the bilateral internal auditory meatus. Trio-WES sequencing detected a new homozygous variant in the proband on SOST gene [NM_025237.3: c.327C > A, (p.Cys109*)], which was also validated in his sister from the same family. According to the ACMG guidelines, this variant is classified as likely pathogenic (LP). Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that the novel detected variant caused a decrease in SOST expression at the RNA and protein level by producing a truncated protein.
Conclusion
The report presents new evidence for the clinical diagnosis of SOST-related facial numbness and expands the variant spectrum of SOST.
The clinical value and cost effectiveness of a 6-month digital health intervention to improve physical activity and mental health-related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease (Kidney BEAM): A multi-centre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Greenwood Sharlene , Briggs Juliet , Young Hannah , Castle Ellen , Billany Roseanne , Mangahis Emmanuel , Walklin Christy , Haggis Lynda , Asghari Elham , Bhandari Sunil , Bishop Nicolette , Bramham Kate , Burton James , Campbell Jackie , Chilcot Joseph , Cooper Nicola , Deelchand Vashist , Graham-Brown Matthew , Hamilton Alexander , Jesky Mark , Kalra Philip , Koufaki Pelagia , Mccafferty Kieran , Nixon Andrew , Noble Helen , Saynor Zoe , Taal Martin , Tollitt James , Wheeler David , Wilkinson Thomas , Worboys Hannah , Macdonald Jamie
Published: March 2024

There is inequity in provision of physical rehabilitation services for people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kidney BEAM trial evaluated the clinical value and cost effectiveness of a physical activity digital health intervention in CKD. In a single-blind, 11 centre, randomised controlled trial, 340 adult participants with CKD were randomly assigned to either the Kidney BEAM physical activity digital health intervention or a waitlist control. The primary outcomes were the difference in the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 1.3 Mental Component Summary (KDQoL-SF1.3 MCS) between intervention and control groups at 6 months, and cost-effectiveness. At 6 months there was a significant difference in mean adjusted change in KDQoL MCS score between Kidney BEAM and waitlist control (intention-to-treat adjusted mean: 5.9 {95% confidence interval: 4.4 to 7.5} arbitrary units, p<0.0001), and a 93% and 98% chance of the intervention being cost-effective at a willingness to pay threshold of £20,000 and £30,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. In conclusion, the Kidney BEAM physical activity digital health intervention is a clinically valuable and cost-effective means to improve mental health related quality of life in people with CKD (trial registration no. NCT04872933).
Triplet-Induced Stable Organic Radical Emitter in Host-Guest Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Lei Yunxiang , Li Gengchen , Zhang Yongfeng , Zhao Yeyun , Cheng Xin , Wang Ruiyang , Dai Wenbo , Wang Li , Sun Peng , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping , Wang Yijia , Zheng Yuan
Published: March 2024

New strategies for the synthesis of stable organic luminescent radicals with their unique electronic structures are highly desirable. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel arylboron compound BN-2Ph with radical-generating potential. BN-Ph was used as the guest molecule in the host-guest system, exhibiting high-efficiency and persistent phosphorescent emission. The long lifetime triplet exciton induced unexpected luminescent radicals with red emission in the doped crystalline state, which could be rapidly and reversibly generated by heating and recrystallizing. The quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and theoretical calculations suggest that the triplet-stabled photoinduced electron transfer mechanism between host and guest molecules is responsible for the generation and stabilization of radicals. This doped system was applied in AND and OR logic gates, showing its potential application in logic circuits. Our results provide a simple molecular-design strategy for achieving stable organic luminescent radicals.
Prioritization and Identification of Accident Black Spots and Analyzing Road Traffic Accidents in the Amhara Region: A Case Study from Dembecha to the Injibara Highway Segment
Authors: Geremew Gedefaye , Geremew Gedefaye
Published: March 2024

Millions of people die in road accidents annually, causing significant damage to the economy and humanity. Even if severe road traffic accidents are a major health concern worldwide, unlike in developed or high-income countries, very little progress has been made in addressing this problem in many developing countries. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with the worst road traffic accident records in the world, and it ranks second among East African countries. Nonetheless, there are ways to strengthen the reduction of injured persons that will help to lower the toll from severe RTAs. The main focus of the study is to analyze road accidents through black spot prioritization and identification as well as to analyze road traffic accidents on the Dembecha-Injibara (99 km) highway segment. The selected sites for the present study included around Dembecha, Dembecha, Around Finote Selam, Finote Selam city, Burie, Guagusa Shikudad, Banja and Injibara city. This research was established mainly through descriptive and inferential analysis. Inferential analysis was carried out using the quality control method (Zegeer: 1982) for accident rate calculations, critical accident rates were calculated by using the Poisson distribution analysis method, and the results were generated. Furthermore, the analysis of the prioritization of accident black spots was carried out by considering the weight of factors that lead to road traffic accidents and the weight of road traffic accident severity types. Accordingly, black spot location and priority value analyses were performed. Therefore, out of the 8 sections of the subject road, Finote Selam, Banja and Burie were highly prone to accidents, and the corresponding accident frequency values were 94, 78 and 69, respectively, while the total accident factor weightage values were 34, 37 and 31, respectively. Moreover, the priority values of Burie, around Finote Selam and Banja are 27.22, 21.57 and 20.57, respectively. As a result, Burie Road was found to be the prime accident-prone location, followed by the location around the Finote Selam and Banja road segments. Based on the findings, recommendations and suggestions were provided on how to reduce the severity of traffic accidents in the study area.
Estimates of heterosis, inbreeding depression and transgressive segregation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodic soil
Authors: Shrivastav Shiv Prakash , Verma O. P. , Jakhar Dan Singh
Published: March 2024

The present investigation was carried out at the Main Experimental Station of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.) India. A field experiment was conducted by using a line x tester set of 63 F1s and 63 F2s derived by crossing 21 rice genotypes/varieties as lines (females) with three testers (males) viz., Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 23 and IR 28 with 2 check varieties (Jaya and CSR 43) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in randomized complete block design with three replications to work out the heterosis, transgressive segregantion and inbreeding depression effects for various attributes under the sodic soil condition. Among these, top 5 F1s viz., NDRK 5037 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3, NDRK 5062 x IR 28, NDRK 5062 x CSR 23, NDRK 5037 x CSR 23 and NDRK 5040 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3were showed significant positive standard heterosis for grain yield per plant over SV1 and SV2, respectively. All of the above mentioned crosses had highly significant inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant in F2 generation. Inspite of grain yield of these F1s had significant heterosis and inbreeding depression for some of the other yield contributing characters also. This study indicated the presence of non additive gene action in the inheritance of grain yield per plant and some of the other yield contributing characters. Tolerant breeding populations showed similar banding pattern whereas susceptible exhibited similar banding pattern but possesses wide variations between tolerant and susceptible. At 35 kDa the medium to dark bands were present in parents, F1s, F2s, transgressive segregants and checks while in highly inbreeding depressed cross combinations, variable range of the bands were observed viz., absence of bands, light, medium and dark bands. Our data ofer a valuable resource for advancing the understanding and facilitating the utilization of additive and non-additive information for rice improvement.
Concurrent afatinib and stereotactic body radiotherapy improved survival of patient with oligometastatic EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer： A case study and literature review
Authors: Sun Lisi , Tao Dan , Lv Yuyu , Wu Yongzhong , Wang Chunyu , Yue Xie
Published: March 2024

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated patients treated with target therapy are inevitable to develop resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). It has recently been proved that concurrent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and the first-generation TKIs can prolong both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of EGFR-mutated patients with limited metastases. However, the efficacy and safety of concomitant second-generation TKIs and SBRT is still unknown.
Case presentation: We for the first time present a stage IVA patient with mutation of both EGFR G719X and L861Q, who after initial response, had developed intracranial progression during afatinib monotherapy. With local treatment for the brain metastasis, she continued to receive afatinib and then a concurrent consolidative lung SBRT. Until January 2023, the patient had achieved a PFS of 24 months and OS of 32 months without serious adverse events except for a grade 1 radiation pneumonitis after the lung SBRT.
Conclusions: With this case and a literature review, we aim to demonstrate that concurrent afatinib and SBRT can bring prognostic benefits to oligometastatic NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations with good tolerance.
A comprehensive investigation of the bending and vibration behavior of size- dependent functionally graded nanoplates via an enhanced first order shear deformation theory and nonlocal finite element analysis
Authors: Belarbi Mohamed-Ouejdi , Benounas Soufiane , Khechai Abdelhak , Vinh Pham Van , Ruocco Eugenio , Garg Aman , Gohari Soheil
Published: March 2024

This research paper conducts a comprehensive investigation into the bending and free vibration of size-dependent functionally graded (FG) nanoplates, using an improved first-order shear deformation theory (IFSDT). The IFSDT, proposed in this study, offers an enhanced representation and precise computation of normal and shear stresses across the thickness of the nanoplate. Notably, it not only ensures compliance with free conditions on both upper and lower surfaces but also eliminates the need for a conventional correction factor commonly employed in FSDT. The material properties of the FG nanoplate undergo continuous grading throughout the thickness direction using a power-law function. To transcend the assumptions of classical continuum mechanics and address the impacts of small sizes in discrete nanoplates, Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory is applied. The formulation of the governing equation for bending and free vibration analyses of the FG nanoplate is achieved through the application of Hamilton’s principle. The proposed IFSDT is implemented with a computationally efficient C0-continuous quadrilateral element, tackling large-scale discrete numerical problems. The model's performance is showcased through a comparative evaluation against literature predictions, highlighting its high accuracy and rapid convergence. Additionally, the research scrutinizes various parameters such as plate thickness, boundary conditions, aspect ratio, nonlocal parameter, different material compositions, and power-law index. The thorough examination and discussion of these parameters provide insights into their influence on the deflection, stresses, and natural frequency of FG nanoplates. The results underscore the significant impact of size-dependent effects on the bending and vibration behaviors of nanoplates, emphasizing the necessity of incorporating these effects in the design and analysis of FG nanoplates. Ultimately, the developed nonlocal finite element model serves as a valuable predictive tool for understanding the bending and vibration behavior of size-dependent functionally graded nanoplates.
A Single-Center Experience of Special Cases: Adrenal Myelolipoma and Adrenal Adenoma with Myelolipoma Component
Authors: Cetin Serhat , Erten Serefhan , Sen Ilker , Onaran Metin , Tan Mustafa , Gonul Ipek Isık , Cerit Ethem Turgay , Sözen Tevfik Sinan
Published: March 2024

Isolated adrenal myelolipoma (IAM) is a benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland and is the second most common primary adrenal tumor following adrenocortical adenomas. Another type of adrenal tumor formation is known as adenoma with myelolipoma component (AMC). This study aims to retrospectively compare IAM and AMC cases in a single institution, focusing on special clinical and pathologic features, and comparing coincidences with the literature. According to our study, IAM and AMC have similar entities; including histopathological findings and cover similar comorbidities. However, due to all the remaining features soon to be discussed; we suggest that these two tumors should be studied under different headings.
Regional variation in diet may be an underappreciated modulator of mercury uptake in species of concern: A case study using Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula)
Authors: Moran Zachary S. , Penrose Michael T. , Cobb George P. , Baird Michael S. , King Ryan S. , Matson Cole W.
Published: March 2024

We compared mercury (Hg) and stable isotopic ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) in a long-lived apex predator, Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula), from a coastal region of the Brazos River exposed to high aerial Hg deposition, to an inland population exposed to moderate Hg deposition, in order to test the relative importance of biomagnification through trophic dynamics and aerial deposition rates in an apex predator. We used generalized linear models (GLMs) to examine the effects of fish size (Length, mm) and Region (Inland versus Coastal) on Hg concentration and δ15N. Length had a significant positive effect on both Hg and δ15N. However, after accounting for the effect of Length, both Hg and δ15N were significantly higher in the Inland population (N = 48; mean ± SE = 0.232 ± 0.020 mg/kg ww and 18.8 ± 0.184‰, respectively) than the Coastal population (N = 45; mean ± SE = 0.143 ± 0.012 mg/kg ww and 16.72 ± 0.291‰, respectively). We further estimated probabilities of Alligator Gar exceeding Hg consumption advisory guidelines used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). WHO and USEPA exceedance probabilities were 0.414 and 0.048 for Coastal, and 0.835 and 0.276 for Inland populations, respectively. However, WHO and USEPA exceedance probability estimates for fish ≥ 2000 mm climbed to 0.747 and 0.146 for Coastal and ≥ 0.999 and 0.559 for Inland populations, respectively. These results suggest that variation in food web dynamics, and resultant impacts on biomagnification, may be a more important driver of Hg uptake in Alligator Gar, when compared to the role of aerial deposition rates. Our results also demonstrate that Alligator Gar often exceed consumption advisory Hg concentrations, particularly in the largest individuals, and that they likely experience some level of reproductive toxicity because of sublethal Hg exposures.
Pathological fetal heart rate tracing patterns and neonatal outcomes among parturients beyond 32 weeks of gestation: A prospective observational study
Authors: Soni Theresa , Jha Nivedita , Raj Ruben
Published: March 2024

Purpose Distinct clinical phenotypes of pathological fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings may affect neonatal outcomes differently. This study aimed to determine and differentiate neonatal outcomes amongst the clinical phenotypes of pathological FHR tracing. Methods This prospective observational study included women in labour with pathological fetal heart rate tracing during delivery. Pathological fetal heart rate tracings were characterized into 11 clinical phenotypes and corresponding neonatal and maternal outcomes were recorded. Neonates and mothers were followed till discharge from the hospital. The primary outcome was a 5-minute APGAR score. The secondary outcomes were NICU admission, mode of delivery, mode of anesthesia, neonatal morbidity and mortality. Result 271 women with pathological fetal heart rate tracing at the time of delivery were included in the study. Most of the women (64%) underwent cesarean delivery. The most common pathological fetal heart rate tracing was repetitive late decelerations (24.7%), followed by reduced variability with repetitive variable decelerations (24.4%). The 5-minute APGAR score was comparable across all clinical phenotypes of pathological fetal heart rate tracing. Tachycardia with reduced variability was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of NICU admission (aOR = 5.03, 95% CI: 1.32–19.27, p = 0.018). Reduced variability, repetitive late decelerations and the combination of repetitive late decelerations with prolonged decelerations and reduced variability showed moderately increased odds of NICU admission. Conclusions The 5-minute APGAR score remained comparable in all clinical phenotypes of pathological fetal heart rate tracing. Nonetheless, the odds of NICU admission were significantly higher in women with tachycardia and reduced variability.
Separation of OH-containing compounds from the essential oil mixture via a one-pot synthesis of carbamates, antimicrobial evaluation and dynamic 1H NMR study of their derivatives
Authors: Farhadi-Ghalati Farhang , Marandi Ghasem , Nikbin Mohammad , Ahani Zahra , Beyzaei Hamid , Moghaddam-Manesh Mohammdreza , Bameri Zakaria , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Valizadeh Jafar
Published: March 2024

A series of various carbamate derivatives were synthesized using essential oils of various plants and cyclohexyl or phenyl isocyanate under solvent-free conditions. Carvacrol, Thymol and Eugenol were chosen for synthesis that exist in Satureja bachtiarica Bunge, Satureja hortensis L., Trachyspermum ammi and Caryophyllus aromaticus, respectively. Essential oils after extraction and identification by GC-MS, were used as raw material for synthesis of carbamate derivatives. Antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds was examined against four Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as three fungal strains. Good inhibitory activities were observed with synthesized compounds. Also 1H NMR dynamic of synthetic carbamates were investigated for this compounds.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Micropolar fluid over a Vertical Cone with Non-Uniform Heat source and sink: Keller Box Method and Industrial Applications
Authors: B Vinothkumar , Poornima T
Published: March 2024

A mathematical model is made to look at the heat moves through a micropolar viscoelastic fluid from a vertically isothermal cone to a steady-state free convection boundary layer flow that is laminar, nonlinear, and not isothermal. Using MATLAB programming, we transform the linear momentum, energy, angular momentum equations, and possible boundary conditions using the finite difference methodology (Keller Box method). Higher-order (fourth-order) partial differential equations (PDEs) can be solved using this method up to the Nth first-order partial differential equation (PDE). Evaluations are done on the following parameters: dimensionless stream-wise coordinate, ratio of relaxation to retardation times, Deborah number (De), Erigena vortex viscosity parameter (R), Prandtl number (Pr), non-uniform heat source and sink (A, B), radiation and surface temperature, and angular velocity in the boundary layer regime. The results of the calculations show that temperature (along with the thickness of the thermal boundary layer) drops and linear and angular velocity rise with an increasing ratio of retardation to relaxation periods. Elevating the Deborah number results in increased temperatures and micro-rotation magnitudes, but it also lowers the Nusselt number and linear flow. Viscoelastic micropolar fluid flow finds applications in various areas of fluid dynamics where the behaviour of complex fluids with both viscous and elastic properties, along with micro-rotation effects, plays a significant role. Some applications include polymer processing, biomedical engineering, rheology, environmental fluid dynamics, and complex fluid flows. The skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are shown with graphs, streamlines, and tables for changed values of the flow constraints.
Comparison of Friction Performance of Polyether ether ketone Fabricated Using Different Methods Under Dry Sliding Conditions
Authors: Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Gnanamoorthy R
Published: March 2024

High-temperature additive manufacturing permits printing advanced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) sliding bearings with different surface features needed for better heat dissipation or lubrication of bearings. The as-printed surfaces of fused filament fabrication (FFF) parts are different compared to the molded or extruded surfaces and will influence the performance. The layer orientation with respect to the sliding direction is a key parameter that decides be bearing performance and is investigated using representative pin samples. The accommodation of debris on soft polymer sliding against hard steel during the initial period of sliding influences the friction and wear characteristics and contact temperature rise. The heat buildup in polymers that limits the operating load and speed in the initial period is influenced by the airflow between the layers which depends on the sliding direction. The current observations will assist in choosing the 3D printing over moulded sample for sliding contact conditions.