bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the health impact of Universal Basic Income as an upstream intervention: holistic trial design that captures stress reduction is essential
Authors: Johnson Elliott Aidan , Johnson Matthew Thomas , Webber Laura
Published: March 2020

Background:

In the context of the UK Government’s ‘prevention agenda’, Laura Webber and colleagues have called for a ‘health in all policies’ approach. Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a system of cash transfers to citizens. Recent research suggests it could significantly benefit population health, including via reducing stress. However, a Finnish trial of a policy with similarities to UBI has influenced debate. This was reported as a failure due to a policy objective of reducing unemployment, despite demonstrating significant benefits to well-being.

Aims and objectives:

In this piece, we seek to advance the debate about the cost-benefit of UBI by identifying knowledge gaps and proposing a means of designing effective trials.

Methods:

We review UBI trial design and findings in comparison with social gradient in health literature and biopsychosocial theory to identify knowledge gaps.

Findings:

We highlight a need to refocus UBI trials on improved health, including via reduced stress, to provide policy makers the means of producing accurate cost-benefit analysis. Previous trials have either not reflected likely UBI policy or failed to measure impacts that enable accurate analysis. We contend that interdisciplinary work is required to establish trials that observe factors known to drive the social health gradient. Finally, we argue that statistical modelling is needed to extrapolate shorter-term findings to long-term population-level outcomes.

Discussion and conclusions:

Resource allocation by Government and/or major funders is required to produce evidence that enables accurate analysis of UBI. Such trials would provide a platform for interdisciplinary work resulting in joined-up evidence and policy.
L’establiment del text llatí del Lucreci de Joaquim Balcells per a la Fundació Bernat Metge
Authors: Espluga Xavier
Published: March 2020

S’analitza el procediment pel qual Joaquim Balcells fixà el text llatí del De rerum natura per a la col·lecció d’autors grecs i llatins de la Fundació Bernat Metge. En el primer tom (del 1923), Balcells depèn de les edicions d’Ernout (Budé) i Bailey (OCT). En canvi, en el segon tom (del 1928), amb els tres darrers llibres, i en la revisió dels tres primers llibres (de 1932), Balcells realitzà una veritable edició crítica, amb col·lació dels dos principals manuscrits; la seva edició, tanmateix, també reflecteix les limitacions del moment.
Hèracles, Hilas i un Bisbe mexicà
Authors: Fau M. Teresa
Published: March 2020

Ignacio Montes de Oca, bisbe mexicà que en cercles culturals es feia dir “Ipandro Acaico”, emprengué, al segle XIX, la traducció de diversos poetes bucòlics grecs. Ho féu, però, profundament influït per la seva condició d’eclesiàstic, que l’induí a suprimir i a modificar passatges de manera significativa. La nostra comunicació pren com a exemple il·lustratiu la traducció de l’Idil·li XIII de Teòcrit, en la qual el bisbe converteix Hilas, el noi estimat per Hèracles, en el seu fill. Tot seguit presentem altres casos de manipulació semblants i els situem en el context moralitzador (no exclusiu del segle XIX) que tan profundament alterà la lectura de certs autors clàssics.
Development-oriented learning approaches and the demand for an integrated understanding of teaching: A plea for more music in school
Authors: Cslovjecsek Markus
Published: March 2020

Editorial número 7.
El desempeño docente en Educación Musical del profesorado generalista de Chile. Un estudio mixto exploratorio
Authors: Tejada Jesús , Thayer Tomás , Arenas Navarrete Mario
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo descriptivo-exploratorio de tipo mixto pretende describir por primera vez el desempeño del profesorado generalista en el área de Educación Musical, intentando determinar si la formación musical que han recibido influye en su práctica docente, y si esta guarda relación con la eficacia que perciben de sí mismos al impartir la asignatura. Mediante un diseño mixto de investigación, se han recogido: 1) datos cualitativos mediante grupo de discusión con seis profesoras generalistas que imparten la asignatura de Educación Musical en centros educativos chilenos; 2) datos cuantitativos relativos al perfil profesional con relación a la educación musical mediante un cuestionario online (n=57). Los resultados evidencian problemas en el desempeño de estos profesores:  intervenciones de aula asistemáticas, ausencia de progresión y carencia de foco en las acciones didácticas. Una formación inadecuada o inexistente y la falta de recursos para el desarrollo de la asignatura son los principales factores de influencia en el nivel percibido de autoeficacia y en la valoración de su desempeño profesional en esta área.
Adaptación del "Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente" al área de Educación Musical
Authors: Calderón-Garrido Diego , Carrera Farran Xavier
Published: March 2020

En el año 2017 el Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y de Formación del Profesorado (INTEF) propuso el "Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente", compuesto por cinco áreas y entre tres y seis competencias en cada una de ellas, como referente de la Competencia Digital Docente (CDD) del profesorado. En este artículo se hace una adaptación de cada área y competencia definidas por el INTEF al ámbito de la Educación Musical. Esta adaptación facilita al profesorado la autoevaluación de la propia CDD, además de ser un referente para la definición de acciones de formación continua e inicial del docente de Música.
Las prácticas restaurativas en las sesiones de Educación Física: Una herramienta para la reducción de las conductas disruptivas
Authors: Gelabert Jaume
Published: March 2020

El Currículo actual aboga por una educación integral del alumnado y una correcta convivencia escolar, menos conflictiva, más respetuosa y más democrática. Sin embargo, el alumnado se encuentra envuelto de elementos influyentes, desde la familia a los valores culturales de la sociedad en la que vive. Actualmente, derivado de diferentes factores, el alumnado lleva a cabo cada vez con mayor frecuencia conductas disruptivas en los centros educativos, dificultando de este modo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y consecuentemente afectando sobre la calidad educativa. Es así como se convierte en una problemática en auge que la comunidad educativa precisa erradicar. Las prácticas restaurativas parecen ser una herramienta eficaz para solucionar dicho problema, las cuales potencian los vínculos afectivos entre la comunidad evitando las conductas disruptivas o reparando el daño causado por estas. El documento que se presenta, pretende ser una base teórica sobre esta metodología y al mismo tiempo una presentación para la implementación de las prácticas restaurativas en las sesiones de Educación Física, pretendiendo de este modo mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
News by any other name: community radio journalism in India
Authors: Backhaus Bridget
Published: March 2020

Community radio journalism is a cultural resource that offers a voice to local communities and works to democratise media landscapes. Despite its indisputable value, community radio journalism in India faces a unique set of challenges: the foremost being that, officially, it does not exist. According to government policy, community radio stations are prohibited from broadcasting any news and current affairs content. The situation is further complicated by the presence of a development discourse underpinning the entire rationale for the sector. Instead of serving their listeners, community radio stations are beholden to a nebulous ‘development’ agenda. Under such circumstances, it is unsurprising that community radio journalism in India is relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring how community radio practitioners in India source content and work around their restrictions in order to provide their listeners with relevant information and news.
In vitro and in vivo efficacy study of cefepime, doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases Escherichia coli in chickens
Authors: Tarazi Yaser Hamadeh , Abu-Basha Ehab A. , Ismail Zuhair Bani , Tailony Rawan A.
Published: March 2020

Background and Aim: At present, there are no data about the efficacy of some recent antibiotics on Escherichia coli in broiler chickens in the study area. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of cefepime, doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline against multidrug-resistant-extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (MDR-ESBLs) producing E. coli in broiler chicks. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 MDR-ESBLs E. coli isolates were used in this study. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of cefepime, doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline were performed using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. In vivo evaluation of the efficacy of the antibiotics was perfumed using 180, 2-week-old chicks challenged with MDR-ESBL-producing E. coli strain O78. Chicks were divided into six groups (30 chicks each) according to the treatment regimen. Treatment was administered to chicks in Groups 3-6 intravenously, twice per day for 1 week using one antibiotic per group at concentration 10 times the determined MIC. Chicks in the positive control (Group 1) were challenged and received 0.2 ml of sterile Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB), while those in the negative control (Group 2) were not challenged and received 0.2 ml of sterile TSB. The severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality rate was scored and compared between groups. Results: All E. coli isolates were sensitive to doripenem and tigecycline, while 88% were sensitive to cefepime and only 23% were sensitive to tetracycline. In vivo antibiotic efficacy evaluation in challenged chicks revealed a significant reduction in the severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality (3%) in chicks treated with cefepime compared to non-treated chicks (55%). There was no significant effect on the severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality in chicks treated with doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline compared to non-treated chicks. The mortality rates of chicks treated with doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline were 57%, 50%, and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that most MDR-ESBLs producing E. coli isolates were sensitive to doripenem, tigecycline, and cefepime. However, in vivo study indicated that only cefepime was effective and resulted in a significant reduction in clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality in infected chicks. Therefore, cefepime could be used to treat naturally infected chickens with MDR-ESBLs producing strains of E. coli.
Etos nauki we współczesnej Polsce
Authors: Bieliński Jacek , Tomczyńska Aldona
Published: March 2020

Współczesna nauka odchodzi od idei autonomicznej „republiki” Michaela Polanyi’ego (1962) i stopniowo podporządkowuje się instytucjom politycznym i ekonomiczno-społecznym. Procesowi temu towarzyszą zmiany w jej normatywnej strukturze. Polska, jako państwo z doświadczeniem transformacji ustrojowej, jest idealnym przypadkiem do studium ewolucji etosu nauki pod wpływem czynników rynkowych i politycznych. W artykule tym podejmujemy próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, jakie wartości i normy są podzielane przez naukowców z Polski. Wyniki reprezentatywnego badania sondażowego przeprowadzonego wśród 801 naukowców przeanalizowano z wykorzystaniem konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej i rozmytej analizy skupień. Analiza statystyczna pokazała dużą złożoność struktury normatywnej nauki, wykraczającą poza oczekiwania sformułowane w hipotezie, w oparciu o teorie Roberta Mertona i Johna Zimana. Wyróżniliśmy trzy odrębne grupy badaczy kierujące się w swoim życiu zawodowym różnymi zespołami wartości i norm (nauka akademicka, postakademicka i przemysłowa) oraz klaster badaczy o niezidentyfikowanym systemie zasad. Argumentujemy, że przy podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczących wszelkich przyszłych reform systemu należy brać pod uwagę złożoność normatywną i aksjologiczną nauki.
To, co wspólne w szkolnictwie wyższym – ujęcie analityczne
Authors: Szadkowski Krystian
Published: March 2020

Niniejszy artykuł dostarcza mapy trzyelementowego zestawu pojęciowego z porządku tego, co wspólne (dobra wspólnego, dóbr wspólnych oraz tego, co wspólne) w odniesieniu do szkolnictwa wyższego. Robi to przy pomocy metody ontologii politycznej. Omawia powyższe trzy pojęcia w odniesieniu do sześciu wymiarów rzeczywistości szkolnictwa wyższego (ontologii, polityki, stosunków własności, zasad ładu akademickiego, korzyści oraz finansowania). Tym samym nie tylko przedstawia systematyczne ujęcie szkolnictwa wyższego widziane przez pryzmat tego, co wspólne, ale również wyjaśnia istotowe (a niekiedy subtelne) różnice między samymi pojęciami. Co więcej podejmuje również zwięźle kwestie różnic między pojęciami z porządku tego, co wspólne, a tymi z porządku tego, co publiczne. Wreszcie, artykuł stara się udzielić wglądu w to, co ten konkretny zestaw pojęciowy może zaoferować badaczom w zakresie myślenia i projektowania alternatywy dla szkolnictwa wyższego w jego dzisiejszym kształcie.
Effective and efficient retrieval of structured entities
Authors: Huang Ruihong , Song Shaoxu , Lee Yunsu , Park Jungho , Kim Soo-Hyung , Yi Sungmin
Published: March 2020

Structured entities are commonly abstracted, such as from XML, RDF or hidden-web databases. Direct retrieval of various structured entities is highly demanded in data lakes, e.g., given a JSON object, to find the XML entities that denote the same real-world object. Existing approaches on evaluating structured entity similarity emphasize too much the structural inconsistency. Indeed, entities from heterogeneous sources could have very distinct structures, owing to various information representation conventions. We argue that the retrieval could be more tolerant to structural differences and focus more on the contents of the entities. In this paper, we first identify the unique challenge of parent-child (containment) relationships among structured entities, which unfortunately prevent the retrieval of proper entities (returning parents or children). To solve the problem, a novel hierarchy smooth function is proposed to combine the term scores in different nodes of a structured entity. Entities sharing the same structure, namely an entity family, are employed to learn the coefficient in aggregating the scores, and thus distinguish/prune the parent or child entities. Remarkably, the proposed method could cooperate with both the bag-of-words (BOW) and word embedding models, successful in retrieving unstructured documents, for querying structured entities. Extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate that our proposal is effective and efficient.
Data-parallel query processing on non-uniform data
Authors: Funke Henning , Teubner Jens
Published: March 2020

Graphics processing units (GPUs) promise spectacular performance advantages when used as database coprocessors. Their massive compute capacity, however, is often hampered by
control flow divergence
caused by non-uniform data distributions. When data-parallel work items demand for different amounts or types of processing, instructions execute with lowered efficiency.
Query compilation
techniques---a recent advance in GPU-accelerated database processing---suffer from the problem even more, because divergence effects are amplified during the execution of fused pipeline operators.

In this work, we identify two types of control flow divergence---
filter divergence
and
expansion divergence
---that frequently occur in real world workloads. We quantify the problem for two poster cases and propose techniques to balance these divergence effects. By balancing divergence effects, our approach is able to restore processing efficiency even when pipelines contain heavily skewed operations. Our query compiler DogQC has a wider range of functionality than other query coprocessors
and
achieves performance improvements. We observe shorter execution times for TPC-H benchmark queries by factors up to 4.51x compared with existing GPU query compilers and by factors up to 4.54x compared with CPU-based systems.
Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of some trace elements in sediments and grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) along the Arabian Gulf coast, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsamadany Hameed , Al-Zahrani Hassan S. , Selim El-Metwally M. , El-Sherbiny Mohsen M.
Published: March 2020

To assess trace element concentrations (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni) in the mangrove swamps along the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, thirteen samples of surface sediment and leaves of grey mangrove, Avicennia marina were collected and analyzed. The detected trace element contents (μg g-1) in surface sediments were in the following descending order according to their mean values; Cr (49.18) > Zn (48.48) > Cu (43.06) > Pb (26.61) > Ni (22.88) > Cd (3.21). The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded their world average concentration of shale. The geo-accumulation, potential ecological risk and toxicity response indices demonstrated that trace elements have posed a considerable ecological risk, especially Cd. The inter-relationships between physico-chemical characters and trace elements suggests that grained particles of mud represent a noteworthy character in the distribution of trace elements compared to organic materials. Moreover, the results revealed that Zn was clearly bioaccumulated in leaf tissues A. marina. Dredging, landfilling, sewage effluents and oil pollution can be the paramount sources of pollution in the area under investigation.
Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Origanum vulgare L., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils towards oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
Authors: Baj Tomasz , Biernasiuk Anna , Wróbel Rafał , Malm Anna
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from:Origanum vulgareL.,Satureja hortensisL.,Thymus serpyllumL. andThymus vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Poland, and to study their antifungal activity towards clinical isolates of oralCandidaspp. The hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed using the GC-MS method. The antifungal activity was evaluatedin vitroagainst oral isolates and reference strains ofCandida albicansandC. glabrata, using the broth microdilution method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, allowing for estimation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). GC-MS analysis revealed that carvacrol was the main EO compound in oregano and summer savory, while thymol and linalool were the major ingredients of thyme and wild thyme oils, respectively. The EOs possessed fungicidal activity againstC. albicansandC. glabrata, including oral isolates, with MIC = 125 – 2000 mg/L, MFC = 250 – 4000 mg/L and MFC/MIC = 1 – 4, depending on the yeast and plant species. The most active was thyme oil – with MIC = 125 – 500 mg/L, MFC = 250 – 500 mg/L and MFC/MIC = 1 – 2.
Individuality in complex systems: A constructionist approach
Authors: Petré Peter , Anthonissen Lynn
Published: March 2020

For a long time, linguists more or less denied the existence of individual differences in grammatical knowledge. While recent years have seen an explosion of research on individual differences, most usage-based research has failed to address this issue and has remained reluctant to study the synergy between individual and community grammars. This paper focuses on individual differences in linguistic knowledge and processing, and examines how these differences can be integrated into a more comprehensive constructionist theory of grammar. The examination is guided by the various challenges and opportunities that may be extracted from scattered research that exists across disciplines touching on these matters, while also presenting some new data that illustrate how differentiation between individuals can improve models of long-term language change. The paper also serves as the introduction to this special issue ofCognitive Linguistics, which collects seven contributions from various linguistic disciplines focusing on key aspects of individuals’ grammars.
The use of simulation modelling for determining the capacity of railway lines in the Czech conditions
Authors: Tischer Erik , Nachtigall Petr , Široký Jaromír
Published: March 2020

Simulation modelling is one way to determine the capacity of railway lines. The specialized software tool OpenTrack was used for simulation. The aim of this paper was to find out whether the OpenTrack simulation software can be used for the calculation of headway, and to compare the results with the methodology of the Railway Infrastructure Administration (SŽDC). Using the software tool, a detailed transport network model can be created including all its important characteristics. The simulation follows the movements and behaviour of trains with predefined parameters on the modelled railway line. OpenTrack allows for monitoring a range of parameters including not only train delays, train conflicts and train traffic flow, but also for instance train energy performance and headways. During the first stage of work with OpenTrack, a simulation model was created, not reflecting any existing infrastructure but including parameters typical of railway lines in the Czech Republic, such as the configuration of gridirons, length of station tracks, size of block sections, etc. This model was subsequently used for the simulation of type train set journeys, and a headway calculator was used for the calculation of headway values. These values were compared with the methodology used by the Railway Infrastructure Administration. The paper is concluded by the comparison of the above mentioned approaches.
Synthesis of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) containing trityl ether acid cleavable junction group and its self-assembly into ordered nanoporous thin films
Authors: Qi Yinghua , Nathani Akash , Zhang Jianxin , Song Zhengji , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Varshney Sunil K.
Published: March 2020

A strategy for the synthesis of well defined poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers containing trityl ether acid cleavable junctions is demonstrated. This approach is achieved by using a combination of poly(ethylene glycol) macroinitiator containing a trityl ether end group, which is susceptible to acid cleavage, and atom transfer radical polymerization technique. The trityl ether linkage between blocks can be readily cleaved in solution or in solid phase under very mild acid condition, which has been confirmed by 1H NMR. These diblock copolymers have been used to successfully fabricate nanoporous thin films by acid cleavage of trityl ether junction followed by complete removal of poly(ethylene glycol) block. The fabricated nanoporous thin films may have a wide range of application such as Recessed Nanodisk-array electrode (RNE) or as a template to fabricate nanoelectrode array for senor applications.
Improved Insulation Durability to Improve Transformer Aging
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Arbab Muhammad Naeem , Basit Abdul , Haq Inzamam ul , Saher Saim , Khan Adnan Daud , Khattak Amir Naveed
Published: March 2020

In transformers, in addition to the primary and secondary coils, there are several other important components and accessories in which the insulating material is one of the most critical components of a transformer. Sufficient insulation between different active parts are necessary for safe operation. Adequate insulation, it is not only necessary to insulate the coils from each other, or from the core and tank, but also guarantees the safety of the transformer against accidental surges, but with the growth in size and complexity of power stations, transformer is facing insulation problems. The evaluation of the transformer overload capacities certainly leads to complex variables that affect the operating life of the power and distribution transformer. In this study, the long-life calculation is performed on the basis of two experiments, which are related to the insulation degradation of the mineral oil and cellulose paper such as by adding different types of nano-particles to the mineral oil to enhance the strength of oil, and by changing the loads under different operating conditions to control the deteriorating rate of the insulation to prevent the life of the transformer. The insulation breakdown strength is improved from 37 kV to 71 kV by mixing the semiconductor nanoparticles such as gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) with mineral oil. Moreover, for cellulose paper, thermal degradation rate is kept below its limit by reducing the temperature when controlling the load.
Reportative evidentiality and attribution in Romanian fairy tales
Authors: Florea Silvia
Published: March 2020

This study sets out to examine how reportative evidentiality and attribution are achieved in Romanian fairy tales. By comparing and contrasting reportative and attribution expressions, the current research aims to determine the deictic function of these constructions, the pragmatic motivations of the speaker for evidential usage as well as the lexicalization, richness and functional diversity of these expressions in the Romanian language. In fairy tales, the content, actants, constructed reported discourse, sources of information and reproduction of speech vary widely, thus the relationship between evidentiality and attribution can be richly explored from a syntactic, lexical and a pragmatic/interactional/functional perspective. Research findings suggest, among other things, that Romanian fairy tales integrate evidential and attributive preferences that are reflective of a regional practicality of the genre as a form of communication, that there is cognitive implication of the storyteller in the process of evidential choice and that evidential values are associated with particular constructions that allow for evidentiality and attribution to operate as effective discourse strategies in the realization of the interpersonal functions in the tales. With regard to Romanian fairy tales, such evidential expressions help clarify, validate and evaluate sources of information, operating as prompters in a perspective-taking dynamic process.
Revisiting the duality of convention and ritual: A contrastive pragmatic inquiry
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to provide a pragmalinguistically inspired framework for analysing the relationship between linguistic forms and conventional and ritual behaviour. To date, no body of pragmalinguistic research has been dedicated to the relationship between conventional and ritual phenomena, which play a fundamental role in language use. Even more importantly, the examination of this phenomenon provides insight into a longstanding issue in pragmatics, namely, how the relationship between form and language use can be pinned down. We will pursue this question on the basis of an English and Chinese corpus-based examination of expressions, which we define as ‘ritual frame indicating expressions’ (RFIEs). As a case study, we examine the Chinese RFIE ‘duibuqi’ and its English counterpart ‘sorry’. The results indicate that while ‘sorry’ is largely used in a conventional way throughout the contexts in our English corpus, ‘duibuqi’ is predominantly anchored in ritual. This, in turn, reveals how these forms are related to convention v. ritual as far as our data is concerned.
Spitzensport und Marktstrategien
Authors: Karlsch Rainer , Kleinschmidt Christian
Published: March 2020

Die Ökonomisierung bzw. die Kommerzialisierung des Sports ist ein langfristiger Prozess, der sich bereits seit der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert vollzog und unterschiedliche Sportarten in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen und Geschwindigkeiten erfasste. Sportartikelunternehmen wie adidas beschleunigten diese Entwicklung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, indem sie anlässlich sportlicher Großereignisse wie Olympischen Spielen oder Fußball-Weltmeisterschaften intensive Kontakte und Netzwerke zu Spitzensportlern und Funktionären aufbauten. Dabei ging es zunächst um die individuelle Ausrüstung der Sportler mit Schuhen und Kleidung, seit den 1960er Jahren dann auch um Promotionverträge bei denen – in West- wie in Osteuropa – Geldzahlungen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle spielten. Eine solche Vermarktlichung – also die Gestaltung von Prozessen, die bislang über den Staat oder bürokratische Strukturen und nun zunehmend über den Markt geregelt wurden (Ahrens et al. 2015: 395f.)

Ökonomisierung, Kommerzialisierung und Vermarktlichung sind verwandte Begriffe, die z.T. auch synonym benutzt werden. Siehe dazu jüngst Graf (2019).

, was im Vergleich zu anderen gesellschaftlichen Subsystemen durchaus eine Art „Normalisierung“ darstellte, erreichte spätestens in den 1980er Jahren und mit der massenmedialen Verbreitung des Sports neue Dimensionen, die wiederum mit Hilfe von adidas unter Horst Dassler in Kooperation mit dem IOC und der FIFA vorangetrieben wurden und die Grundlagen einer Kommerzialisierungsspirale legten, deren Auswirkungen bis in die Gegenwart reichen.
Neural Evidence for the Prediction of Animacy Features during Language Comprehension: Evidence from MEG and EEG Representational Similarity Analysis
Authors: Wang Lin , Wlotko Edward , Alexander Edward , Schoot Lotte , Kim Minjae , Warnke Lena , Kuperberg Gina R.
Published: March 2020

It has been proposed that people can generate probabilistic predictions at multiple levels of representation during language comprehension. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with representational similarity analysis, to seek neural evidence for the prediction of animacy features. In two studies, MEG and EEG activity was measured as human participants (both sexes) read three-sentence scenarios. Verbs in the final sentences constrained for either animate or inanimate semantic features of upcoming nouns, and the broader discourse context constrained for either a specific noun or for multiple nouns belonging to the same animacy category. We quantified the similarity between spatial patterns of brain activity following the verbs until just before the presentation of the nouns. The MEG and EEG datasets revealed converging evidence that the similarity between spatial patterns of neural activity following animate-constraining verbs was greater than following inanimate-constraining verbs. This effect could not be explained by lexical-semantic processing of the verbs themselves. We therefore suggest that it reflected the inherent difference in the semantic similarity structure of the predicted animate and inanimate nouns. Moreover, the effect was present regardless of whether a specific word could be predicted, providing strong evidence for the prediction of coarse-grained semantic features that goes beyond the prediction of individual words.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLanguage inputs unfold very quickly during real-time communication. By predicting ahead, we can give our brains a “head start,” so that language comprehension is faster and more efficient. Although most contexts do not constrain strongly for a specific word, they do allow us to predict some upcoming information. For example, following the context of “they cautioned the…,” we can predict that the next word will be animate rather than inanimate (we can caution a person, but not an object). Here, we used EEG and MEG techniques to show that the brain is able to use these contextual constraints to predict the animacy of upcoming words during sentence comprehension, and that these predictions are associated with specific spatial patterns of neural activity.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BREAD INCORPORATED BY BLACK CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA SSP. SATIVUS VAR. ATRORUBENS ALEF) FIBER
Authors: PEKMEZ Hatice , BAY YILMAZ Betül
Published: March 2020

The objectives of this study were to determine the quality and antioxidant properties of bread fortified with black carrot fiber (BCF) at five levels (0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% (w/w)). In order to determine the effects of BCF fortification on the properties of bread, the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), color, physical and sensorial characteristics were examined. TPC and AA of the bread incorporated by BCF increased regularly with increasing percentages of BCF. The physical properties, diameter, thickness and spread ratio of bread samples supplemented with 1.0 to 7.5% BCF were not significantly different from the control sample (P>0.05). According to the sensory evaluation, the bread containing 1.0 and 2.5% BCF were found to be the most acceptable. The results showed that the BCF fortification of bread is an alternative way to provide more attractive apperance and increase the phenolic content for a healthy diet.
A Response to Peter Smucker
Authors: McAlpine Kenneth
Published: March 2020

Kenneth McAlpine responds to Peter Smucker's review of Bits and Pieces: A History of Chiptunes.
Role of fasting duration and weekday in incretin and glucose regulation
Authors: Clemmensen Kim K B , Quist Jonas S , Vistisen Dorte , Witte Daniel R , Jonsson Anna , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Holst Jens J , Lauritzen Torsten , Jørgensen Marit E , Torekov Signe , Færch Kristine
Published: March 2020

Fasting duration has been associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels, but higher 2-h post-load levels, and research has indicated an adverse effect of ‘weekend behavior’ on human metabolism. We investigated associations of fasting duration and weekday of examination with glucose, insulin, glucagon and incretin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This cross-sectional study is based on data from the ADDITION-PRO study, where 2082 individuals attended a health examination including an OGTT. Linear regression analysis was applied to study the associations of overnight fasting duration and day of the week with glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to an OGTT. We found that a 1 h longer fasting duration was associated with 1.7% (95% CI: 0.8,2.5) higher 2-h glucose levels, as well as a 3.0% (95% CI: 1.3,4.7) higher GIP and 2.3% (95% CI: 0.3,4.4) higher GLP-1 response. Fasting insulin levels were 20.6% (95% CI: 11.2,30.7) higher on Mondays compared to the other weekdays, with similar fasting glucose levels (1.7%, 95% CI: 0.0,3.4). In this study, longer overnight fasting duration was associated with a worsening of glucose tolerance and increased incretin response to oral glucose. We found higher fasting insulin levels on Mondays compared to the other days of the week, potentially indicating a worsened glucose regulation after the weekend.
Comparison of P-Wave Duration and Dispersion in Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery Via Right Atrial Transseptal or Left Atrial Approach in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis Patients
Authors: Gocer Hakan , Durukan Ahmet Baris , Unlu Ahmet , Unal Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Background: Predisposition to atrial fibrillation in mitral valve surgery has been well demonstrated. The changes in electrocardiographic parameters (Pmax, Pmin and P-wave dispersion) related to AF risk are unknown. We aimed to document the relationship between electrocardiographic changes and mitral valve replacement through right or left atrial surgical approaches.
Methods: We retrospectively studied 154 patients, who underwent mitral valve replacement surgery from 2008 to 2018. Seventy-nine patients were operated with right atriotomy and transseptal approach (Group 1), and 75 patents were operated with left atriotomy (Group 2). ECGs obtained at hospital admittance and postoperatively at 24 hours were blindly analyzed.
Results: Preoperative demographic characteristics were similar. Pmax, Pmin and P-wave dispersion were similar preoperatively. All parameters increased in both groups compared with the preoperative values (P < .05). Postoperative Pmax, Pmin and P-wave dispersion all were statistically significantly higher with the right atrial approach (P < .05). Postoperative AF also was more common in Group 1 (P < .05).
Conclusion: Right atrial approach may lead to higher P-wave changes and atrial arrhythmias. This may be due to more extensive surgical disruption. The changes in atrial anatomic structure can increase atrial arrhythmic propensity and can cause atrial fibrillation.
A Unique Spectrum of Tuberculosis Flare Up Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Al-Ebrahim Khaled E.
Published: March 2020

Three cases of tuberculosis (TB) related to or complicating cardiothoracic surgery are presented in this paper. The aim of this article is to alert cardiothoracic surgeons about the presence or rebound of TB, which can complicate cardiothoracic surgeries even in the immediate postoperative course.
Test Article
Authors: Ojs_admin
Published: March 2020

testing manual submission
Die Bedeutung von Compliance-Management-Systemen für die Kartell- und sonstige Verbandsgeldbuße – zugleich ein Plädoyer für eine rationale Unternehmenssanktion
Authors: Trüg Gerson , Ruppert Felix
Published: March 2020

Jede Unternehmenssanktion steht in dem Spannungsverhältnis, dass der Verband sanktioniert wird, die Zuwiderhandlungen aber durch Individuen begangen werden. In diesem Spannungsverhältnis erlangen Compliance-Maßnahmen als Beitrag des Unternehmens zur Prävention von Zuwiderhandlungen seiner Repräsentanten und Mitarbeiter herausgehobene Bedeutung. Effektive, d. h. angemessene Compliance-Maßnahmen haben – je nach Konstellation – tatbestandsausschließende oder bußgeldmindernde Bedeutung.
Ist Dabeisein wirklich alles?
Authors: Engelsing Felix , Buhl Monika
Published: March 2020

Mit zunehmender Kommerzialisierung des Sports gerät immer mehr die Frage in den Fokus, ob und inwieweit es Sportverbänden aus kartellrechtlicher Sicht erlaubt ist, in ihren Statuten oder ihren Vereinbarungen mit Athleten deren Möglichkeiten der Eigenvermarktung zu beschränken. Das Bundeskartellamt hat sich erstmals mit dieser Frage in einem Missbrauchsverfahren gegen das Internationale Olympische Komitee und den Deutschen Olympischen Sportbund e. V. wegen der Anwendung von Regel 40 Durchführungsbestimmung Nr. 3 der Olympischen Charta 2015 auseinandergesetzt. Diese Regelung beinhaltete ein weitreichendes Verbot von individuellen Werbemaßnahmen von Olympiateilnehmern während der Dauer der Olympischen Spiele. In dem Verfahren, das durch eine Zusagenentscheidung nach § 32b GWB abgeschlossen worden ist und zu einer wesentlichen Lockerung der Beschränkungen für deutsche Olympiateilnehmer geführt hat, waren diverse für das Sportkartellrecht bedeutsame Fragen zu klären, insbesondere die Anwendung der Rechtsfigur der kollektiven Einheit und die Anwendung der sog. Meca-Medina-Kriterien. Das Bundeskartellamt hat sich vor allem eingehend mit der Frage auseinandergesetzt, ob die Verhinderung von sog. Ambush-Marketing insoweit ein legitimes Ziel darstellt, das eine Wettbewerbsbeschränkung ausschließen könnte.
Die Geoblocking-Verordnung im Kontext des europäischen Kartellrechts und ihre Auswirkungen auf Vertriebsverträge
Authors: Dohrn Daniel , Kleinert Christopher
Published: March 2020

Art. 6 Abs. 2 Geoblocking-VO verknüpft die Diskriminierungsverbote der Art. 3, 4 und 5 Geoblocking-VO mit dem EU-Kartellrecht. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet das Verhältnis der beiden Regelungsregime und veranschaulicht anhand von Anwendungsfällen aus der Praxis, wie sich die Verordnung in das bestehende kartellrechtliche Regelungswerk einfügt. Darüber hinaus analysiert der Beitrag die Rechtsfolgen eines Verstoßes gegen die Geoblocking-VO in unterschiedlichen Vertriebskonstellationen. Es werden Auswirkungen auf die Prüfung von Vertriebsverträgen aufgezeigt und Risiken für die am Vertrieb beteiligten Parteien identifiziert.
РОЗВИТОК ПРОТИРІЧ КРАЇН «ВЕЛИКОЇ СІМКИ» В КОНТЕКСТІ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: ПЛОТНІКОВ Олексій
Published: March 2020

Досліджено фінансову глобалізацію в аспекті світового розвитку, розглянуто питання посилення протиріч між країнами «Великої сімки», визначено їх впливи на економічний розвиток України. Зокрема, показано, що протиріччя між країнами «Великої сімки» є не тільки традиційними, вони постійно розвиваються, поширюються і поглиблюються. Якщо раніше можна було говорити про протиріччя між США, європейськими країнами –– членами «Великої сімки» та Японією, то нині європейські проблеми також стали вкрай важливими. Крім того, на традиційному рівні зберігаються протиріччя між ними, Японією та США.Визначено, що фінансова глобалізація слугує важелем, за допомогою якого стимулюється процес вирівнювання розвитку окремих країн, але в межах причетності чи непричетності до центрів економічного впливу. Констатовано, що Україні важко знайти своє місце в площині протиріч «Великої сімки, з огляду на всю складність зовнішніх чинників і зовнішню залежність. Бажання підтримувати однаково рівні відносини з усіма країнами «Великої сімки» не дозволяє грати на їх протиріччях для задоволення національних інтересів. Україна продовжує закріплюватись як об’єкт, а не як суб’єкт міжнародних політичних та економічних відносин, що також не унеможливлює використання в національних інтересах протиріч між країнами «Великої сімки».
Tiempo e investigación del pasado disciplinar. Las revistas de Ciencias Sociales en México (1920-1928)
Authors: Olvera-Serrano Margarita
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva orientada por la hermenéutica, la fenomenología y la historia conceptual, la importancia que tiene para la investigación y escritura de la historia de las ciencias sociales, la reflexión sobre la experiencia de la temporalidad que atraviesa sus objetos y prácticas, así como sus principales implicaciones para la observación del pasado. En este orden de discusión, se argumenta la importancia de la reflexión conceptual para procesar e interrogar los acervos de conocimiento acumulados por las revistas especializadas en México, como fuentes escriturarias en las que están sedimentadas las huellas de proyectos, experiencias del tiempo e intereses intelectuales y práctico-políticos en distintos periodos. Se hace un trazo de lo que este tipo de perspectiva puede aportar al conocimiento del pasado de estas disciplinas, a partir del examen de las conexiones pasado-presente-futuro predominantes en las incipientes ciencias sociales en México en las revistas Ethnos, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Revista Mexicana de Economía y se examina su influencia en la idea de lo que podían y debían ser las ciencias sociales entre 1920 y 1928.
Inhalation of foreign body: "Avoidable lobectomy. A case report''
Authors: Claude Mbonicura Jean , L Bivahagumye , S Niyonkuru , D Dunduri , S Harakandi , F Ndikumwenayo
Published: March 2020

Aim: Describe the difficulties of treating an inhaled foreign body in a resource-limited country.

It was a 6-year-old girl who was brought to an ENT specialist for persistent cough for 2 months after the notion of foreign body inhalation. We report the therapeutic circuit that led to a lobectomy after endoscopic failures.
PENGARUH WAKTU DAN SUHU STERILISASI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN PROKSIMAT IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) KALENG
Authors: Maskur Muhammad
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the exact combination of time and temperature of sterilization to the proximate content of canned milkfish. Where the time combination used are 60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 90 minutes. Combination of temperature used are 110OC, 115 OC, and 120 OC. This research was conducted from Januari – Juni 2017 in two locations, namely in the Workshop Teaching Factory SUPM Bone dan BPPMHP Makassar. Sampling taken from canned milkfish randomly in each treatment. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA statistical analysis and next the significant parameter were tested using Tuckey and then explained by using table. The research results that the combination of temperature and time of sterilization had a significant effect on the quality of canned milkfish. Where temperature treatment 110 OC and time of 75 minutes has the best proximate content (best nutrition).
Status Pengelolaan Perikanan dengan Pendekatan Ekosistem (P3E) pada Domain Sumberdaya Ikan untuk Komoditas Udang di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: A. P Diah , Razak Abudarda , Fahrizal Ahmad , Irwanto Irwanto
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai berikut : 1) Untuk Untuk mengetahui status pengelolaan perikanan berbasis ekosistem (P3E) atau Ecosystems Approach of Fisheries Management (EAFM) pada domain sumberdaya ikan untuk komoditas udang di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey, observasi  dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa dalam penelitian ini, untuk indikator CpUE Baku, Komposisi Spesies Hasil Tangkapan dan Range Collapse Sumberdaya Ikan masih berstatus baik. Sedangkan indikator yang perlu diprioritaskan untuk perbaikan dalam pengelolaan perikanan yang berkelanjutan kedepannya karena sudah berstatus sedang hingga buruk yaitu Tren Ukuran Ikan, Proporsi Ikan Yuwana (Juvenile) yang ditangkap dan Spesies ETP. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan perikanan untuk komoditas udang banana (Penaeus merguiensis) berada pada kondisi baik dengan flag modeling berwarna hijau dan nilai rerata 3.
Kajian Abrasi dan Sedimentasi dengan Teknologi Remote Sensing di Pantai Karawang
Authors: Patar Pasaribu Roberto , Liliek Soeprijadi  , Dian Sutono
Published: March 2020

Keberadaan pesisir pantai di wilayah bagian utara Kabupaten Karawang sangat mengkhawatirkan akibat terjadinya abrasi dan sedimentasi dimana air laut yang tadinya jauh dari sisi jalan kini sudah berada pada bibir jalan dan beberapa wilayah disepanjang pantai telah rusak terkena dampak abrasi tersebut. Proses terjadinya abrasi dan sedimentasi dapat dipantau dengan menggunakan teknologi Remote Sensing yaitu teknologi yang mengunakan gelombang elektro magnetic untuk menghasilkan gambar/citra yang diperoleh dari sensor yang dibawa oleh satelit dengan sifat-sifat fisik obyek yang diamati di permukaan bumi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses terjadinya abrasi dan sedimentasi yang terjadi di pantai kabupaten Karawang dengan mengunakan teknologi remote sensing. Beberdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisa data yang dilakukan di 6 kecamatan disepanjang pantai Karawang, telah terjadi abrasi dan sedimentasi, dimana 4 desa mengalami abrasi sedangkan 2 desa mengalami sedimentasi. Luas wilayah yang terbentuk akibat abrasi terbesar terjadi di desa Sedari seluas 166,802 hektar dan luas wilayah yang terbentuk akibat sedimentasi yang terbesar terjadi desa Muara Cilamaya sebesar 276,318 hektare. Kecepatan proses terjadinya abrasi yang tercepat terjadi desa Sukajaya sebesar 10.00 meter/tahun sedangkan proses sedimentasi yang tercepat berada di desa Muara Cimalaya sebesar 4,50 meter/tahun.