bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disseminated Cryptococcosis-Induced Skin Ulcers in a Patient with Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Ikeda Takaharu , Kaminaka Chikako , Yamamoto Yuki , Furukawa Fukumi
Published: March 2014

We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) who had leg ulcers induced by disseminated cryptococcosis. She had received prednisolone for her AIH at 20 mg/day for maintenance. On the initial visit, she complained of a painful ulcer that had round, shallow pockets with erythema and erythematous subcutaneous indurations on the right thigh. Several metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joints were swollen, with tenderness and stiffness in the morning for over 3 h. Her serum rheumatoid factor was high. Since other autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis can present with AIH, it was necessary to distinguish it from ulcers due to rheumatoid arthritis, although the characteristic features of these ulcers seemed to be different. A biopsy specimen from the erythematous skin showed globe-shaped organisms in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues; vasculitis and phlebostasis were not observed. The results from computed tomography scans and sputum culture led to the diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis. The administration of fluconazole, fosfluconazole, and voriconazole for about 2 months improved the cryptococcal pneumonia, but the size of the skin ulcer enlarged. The administration was changed to itraconazole, which reduced the size. Cryptococcal infections occur more commonly in immunocompromised hosts, including patients under immunosuppressive therapies such as corticosteroids. The possibility that the skin ulcers in immunocompromised hosts may be caused by cryptococcosis should be considered.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma in an Adult: Eight Months without Recurrence after Resection and Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Siosaki Marcos Duarte , Pelafsky Leonardo , Siosaki Ana Tarsila Fonseca , Garcia Leonardo Rufino
Published: March 2014

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy that features a correspondingly poor prognosis. The disease accounts for 0.2% of all malignancies and despite multimodal therapies, its prognosis remains poor, with a mean survival of <30 months. This paper reports on a patient submitted to surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for adrenocortical carcinoma with an ongoing follow-up of 8 months after surgery and no signs of recurrence.
National Women’s Knowledge of Stroke Warning Signs, Overall and by Race/Ethnic Group
Authors: Mochari-Greenberger Heidi , Towfighi Amytis , Mosca Lori
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—

Recognition of stroke warning signs may reduce treatment delays. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contemporary knowledge of stroke warning signs and knowledge to call 9-1-1, among a nationally representative sample of women, overall and by race/ethnic group.

Methods—

A study of cardiovascular disease awareness was conducted by the American Heart Association in 2012 among English-speaking US women ≥25 years identified through random-digit dialing (n=1205; 54% white, 17% black, 17% Hispanic, and 12% other). Knowledge of stroke warning signs, and what to do first if experiencing stroke warning signs, was assessed by standardized open-ended questions.

Results—

Half of women surveyed (51%) identified sudden weakness/numbness of face/limb on one side as a stroke warning sign; this did not vary by race/ethnic group. Loss of/trouble talking/understanding speech was identified by 44% of women, more frequently among white versus Hispanic women (48% versus 36%;
P
<0.05). Fewer than 1 in 4 women identified sudden severe headache (23%), unexplained dizziness (20%), or sudden dimness/loss of vision (18%) as warning signs, and 1 in 5 (20%) did not know 1 stroke warning sign. The majority of women said that they would call 9-1-1 first if they thought they were experiencing signs of a stroke (84%), and this did not vary among black (86%), Hispanic (79%), or white/other (85%) women.

Conclusions—

Knowledge of stroke warning signs was low among a nationally representative sample of women, especially among Hispanics. In contrast, knowledge to call 9-1-1 when experiencing signs of stroke was high.
Architectural Design Controls on Places of Worship in Australia: State Encroachment on Religious Expression and Exercise
Authors: Villaroman Noel G.
Published: March 2014

Abstract

This article analyses the ramifications to the right to religious freedom when the design of proposed places of worship is subjected to architectural design controls imposed by Australian planning authorities. First, such design controls can impinge on the freedom of religious expression—that is, the ability of religious communities to express their beliefs through their built structures. Such expression of beliefs may be vital to their prescribed manner of worship, observance, practice or teaching. Second, they can pose a physical obstacle to a religious group’s freedom of religious exercise—that is, their actual conduct of rituals, ceremonies and other kinds of worship. It is argued that the rigid application of design controls hinders the ability of religious groups in Australia to fully exercise their right to establish and maintain places of worship which is a constituent element of the right to religious freedom as guaranteed in international human rights law.
  Normal 0 21   false false false        MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
On the taxonomic position of Panicum scabridum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae)   /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable	{mso-style-name:"Tabla normal";	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;	mso-style-noshow:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;	mso-para-margin:0cm;	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:10.0pt;	font-family:"Times New Roman";	mso-ansi-language:#0400;	mso-fareast-language:#0400;	mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
Authors: Scataglini Maria Amalia , Aliscioni Sandra , Zuloaga Fernando Omar
Published: March 2014

Panicum scabridum, an incertae sedis species of Panicum s.l., is here included in the genus Coleataenia, following a phylogenetic analysis based on one new ndhF sequence of the species and associated morphological data. Panicum scabridum and species of Coleataenia are cespitose and perennial plants, with a lower glume (1–)3–5-nerved, 1/3 to 3/4 of the spikelet, upper glume and lower lemma 5–9-nerved, and upper anthecium smooth, shiny, and indurate. Within Coleataenia, P. scabridum appeared as the sister taxon of the species pair C. prionitis and C. petersonii; these three species are the only NADP-me taxa of tribe Paspaleae exhibiting two bundle sheaths around the vascular bundles, i.e., with an outer parenchymatous sheath and an inner mestome sheath with specialized chloroplasts. The new combination Coleataenia scabrida is proposed and a lectotype is designated.
A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species
Authors: RUIZ-SANCHEZ EDUARDO , MEJÍA-SAULÉS TERESA , CLARK LYNN G.
Published: March 2014

Mexico has 19 species of the diverse neotropical bamboo genus Chusquea, 15 of them growing in Neotropical cloud forests, with ten of those 19 species endemic to Mexico. The cloud forest is one of the most threatened types of vegetation in Mexico. Based on fieldwork at the Acatlán volcano in the Mexican state of Veracruz and morphological analysis of live and herbarium specimens, here we describe and illustrate a new endemic and endangered Chusquea species. Chusquea enigmatica is a narrow endemic to volcano Acatlán and has an unusual reduction of vegetative morphological characters. Chusquea enigmatica is compared with C. glauca, C. muelleri and C. repens, from which it can be separated by its delicate and erect culms, extravaginal or intravaginal branching pattern and reduction of bud size. Chusquea enigmatica only inhabits the rim of the volcano Acatlán in cloud forest dominated by Fagus grandifolia in small patches, for which reason we propose to include this species in the IUCN red list under the “endangered” category of protection. Keys to the currently recognized species of Chusquea in Mexico are also provided.
First record of Vandellia diffusa (Linderniaceae) in Asia
Authors: PRASAD MANGAVAYAL GOVINDAN , VIMAL KOLLANCHERI PUTHANVEETTIL , SHINOJ KALATHUMMARATH , SUNOJKUMAR PURAYIDATHKANDY
Published: March 2014

Vandellia diffusa is reported for the first time from Asia. Its description, photographs, notes on distribution and habitat are provided for easy identification.
On three new species of Cypretta Vávra, 1895 (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: COHUO-DURÁN SERGIO , ELÍAS-GUTIÉRREZ MANUEL , KARANOVIC IVANA
Published: March 2014

Three new species of the genus Cypretta Vávra, 1985 are described from Southern Mexico, representing the first record of the genus in the country. Cypretta campechensis n. sp. is closely related to Florida and North Carolina species such as C. nigra Furtos, 1936, C. brevisaepta Furtos, 1934 and C. bilicis Furtos, 1936. Cypretta spinosa n. sp. is related to the North and South American species C. intonsa Furtos, 1936 and C. vivacis Würdig & Pinto, 1993, but also to some Aus-tralian and South-East Asian Islands ones, such as C. obfuscata Victor & Fernando, 1981 and C. raciborskii (Grochmalicki, 1915). The last species described herein, Cypretta maya n. sp., is closely related to the South-East Asia islands, Australian and north Indian species, in particular to C. hirsuta Henry, 1923, C. longidactyla Victor & Fernando, 1981, and C. patialensis Battish, 1982.
East African odontopygid millipedes 2: A new, geographically disjunct species of Chaleponcus (Attems 1914) from the Pare Mts., Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Authors: FREDERIKSEN SARA B.
Published: March 2014

Chaleponcus parensis n. sp.,, found in the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, is described. The find is remarkable due to its geographically disjunct location, being at least 1500 km as the crow flies to the nearest valid record in Zimbabwe of a Chaleponcus.
Predictability of December–April Rainfall in Coastal and Andean Ecuador
Authors: Recalde-Coronel G. Cristina , Barnston Anthony G. , Muñoz Ángel G.
Published: March 2014

In Ecuador, forecasts of seasonal total rainfall could mitigate both flooding and drought disasters through warning systems if issued at useful lead time. In Ecuador, rainfall from December to April contributes most of the annual total, and it is crucial to agricultural and water management. This study examines the predictive skill for February–April and December–February seasonal rainfall totals using statistical and dynamical approaches. Fields of preceding observed sea surface temperature (SST) are used as predictors for a purely statistical prediction, and predictions of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) are used as predictors with a model output statistics correction design using canonical correlation analysis. For both periods, results indicate considerable predictive skill in some, but not all, portions of the Andean and especially coastal regions. The skill of SST and AGCM predictors comes mainly through skillful rainfall anomaly forecasts during significant ENSO events. Atlantic Ocean SST plays a weaker predictive role. For the simultaneous diagnostic highest skill is obtained using the eastern Pacific Ocean domain, and for time-lagged forecasts highest scores are found using the global tropical ocean domain. This finding suggests that, while eastern Pacific SST is what matters most to Ecuadorian rainfall, at sufficient lead time these local SSTs become most effectively predicted using basinwide ENSO predictors. In Ecuador’s coastal region, and in some parts of the Andean highlands, skill levels are sufficient for warning systems to reduce economic losses associated with flood and drought. Accordingly, the Instituto Nacional Meteorologia e Hidrologia of Ecuador issues forecasts each month using methods described here—also implemented by countries of the Latin American Observatory partnership, among other South American organizations.
Description and Derived Climatologies of Automated In Situ Eddy-Dissipation-Rate Reports of Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Sharman R. D. , Cornman L. B. , Meymaris G. , Pearson J. , Farrar T.
Published: March 2014

The statistical properties of turbulence at upper levels in the atmosphere [upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS)] are still not well known, partly because of the lack of adequate routine observations. This is despite the obvious benefit that such observations would have for alerting aircraft of potentially hazardous conditions, either in real time or for route planning. To address this deficiency, a research project sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration has developed a software package that automatically estimates and reports atmospheric turbulence intensity levels (as EDR ≡ ε1/3, where ε is the energy or eddy dissipation rate). The package has been tested and evaluated on commercial aircraft. The amount of turbulence data gathered from these in situ reports is unprecedented. As of January 2014, there are ~200 aircraft outfitted with this system, contributing to over 137 million archived records of EDR values through 2013, most of which were taken at cruise levels of commercial aircraft, that is, in the UTLS. In this paper, techniques used for estimating EDR are outlined and comparisons with pilot reports from the same or nearby aircraft are presented. These reports allow calibration of EDR in terms of traditionally reported intensity categories (“light,” “moderate,” or “severe”). The results of some statistical analyses of EDR values are also presented. These analyses are restricted to the United States for now, but, as this program is expanded to international carriers, such data will begin to become available over other areas of the globe.
Observing Interannual Variations in Hadley Circulation Atmospheric Diabatic Heating and Circulation Strength
Authors: Loeb Norman G. , Rutan David A. , Kato Seiji , Wang Weijie
Published: March 2014

Satellite and reanalysis data are used to observe interannual variations in atmospheric diabatic heating and circulation within the ascending and descending branches of the Hadley circulation (HC) during the past 12 yr. The column-integrated divergence of dry static energy (DSE) and kinetic energy is inferred from satellite-based observations of atmospheric radiation, precipitation latent heating, and reanalysis-based surface sensible heat flux for monthly positions of the HC branches, determined from a mass weighted zonal mean meridional streamfunction analysis. Mean surface radiative fluxes inferred from satellite and surface measurements are consistent to 1 W m−2 (<1%) over land and 4 W m−2 (2%) over ocean. In the ascending branch, where precipitation latent heating dominates over radiative cooling, discrepancies in latent heating among different precipitation datasets reach 22 W m−2 (17%), compared to 3–6 W m−2 in the descending branches. Whereas direct calculations of DSE divergence from two reanalyses show opposite trends, the implied DSE divergence from the satellite observations of atmospheric diabatic heating exhibits no trend in all three HC branches and is strongly correlated (reaching 0.90) with midtropospheric vertical velocity. The implied DSE divergence from satellite observations thus provides a useful independent measure of HC circulation strength variability. The sensitivity to circulation change is 4–5 times larger for precipitation latent heating compared to atmospheric radiative cooling in the descending branches and 20 times larger in the ascending branch. The difference in sensitivity is due to cloud radiative effects, which enhance atmospheric radiative cooling in the descending branches in response to an increase in HC strength but decrease it in the ascending branch.
Flexible Carbon Dioxide Laser-Assisted Endoscopic Marsupialization and Ablation of a Laryngeal Saccular Cyst in a Neonate
Authors: Massoth Landon J. , Digoy G. Paul
Published: March 2014

Objective:

To report the occurrence of a neonate with a lateral saccular cyst that was successfully managed by flexible, carbon dioxide laser-assisted endoscopic marsupialization and ablation.

Case Summary:

A full-term, 14-day-old girl presented to the clinic for progressively worsening stridor since birth. On fiber optic laryngoscopy, she was found to have a large, right saccular cyst obstructing the laryngeal inlet. The patient was admitted and underwent microlaryngeal endoscopic CO2 laser marsupialization and ablation of the saccular cyst. She was observed overnight and was discharged without complication the next day. At that time, stridor was no longer present and she remained symptom free at both her 2-week and 3-month follow-up.

Discussion:

The congenital saccular cyst is a rare, abnormal dilation of the laryngeal saccule that is known to be a cause of airway obstruction. A variety of contrasting treatment strategies for laryngeal saccular cysts in children have been reported in the literature. Determining the definitive treatment modality thus remains a challenge that is compounded further by the rarity of the lesion.

Conclusion:

We introduce a new surgical technique that employs a 30-degree angled telescope with a flexible laser fiber system that provides excellent visualization of saccular cysts, in particular, lateral lesions that are less visible using line-of-sight technology.
Failure to Return
Authors: Stockwell Melissa S. , Irigoyen Matilde , Andres Martinez Raquel , Findley Sally E.
Published: March 2014

Objective. To assess parental, practice, and social factors associated with missed immunization visits by young, urban children. Study Design. Parents of children ≤36 months(n = 705) were surveyed. The primary outcome was missed immunization visit, by parental report. Key parent, practice, and social factors were assessed using hierarchical logistical regression. Results. Families were predominantly Latino and publicly insured. Parents who rescheduled (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.76-6.09) or had problems scheduling appointments (AOR = 4.00; 95% CI = 1.49-10.75) were more likely to miss an immunization visit, as were those with vaccine safety fears (AOR = 3.76; 95% CI = 1.23-11.5) or more limited communication with their provider (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.05-5.36). Having friends and families with positive immunization views was protective (AOR = 0.030; 95% CI = 0.002-0.41). Conclusion. This study highlights factors that may help urban families keep immunization visits: open communication with providers, flexibility in scheduling appointments, and individual and community education.
A sociological dilemma: Race, segregation and US sociology
Authors: Bhambra Gurminder K
Published: March 2014

US sociology has been historically segregated in that, at least until the 1960s, there were two distinct institutionally organized traditions of sociological thought – one black and one white. For the most part, however, dominant historiographies have been silent on that segregation and, at best, reproduce it when addressing the US sociological tradition. This is evident in the rarity with which scholars such as WEB Du Bois, E Franklin Frazier, Oliver Cromwell Cox, or other ‘African American Pioneers of Sociology’, as Saint-Arnaud calls them, are presented as core sociological voices within histories of the discipline. This article addresses the absence of African American sociologists from the US sociological canon and, further, discusses the implications of this absence for our understanding of core sociological concepts. With regard to the latter, the article focuses in particular on the debates around equality and emancipation and discusses the ways in which our understanding of these concepts could be extended by taking into account the work of African American sociologists and their different interpretations of core themes.
Science, reform, and the ‘science of reform’: Booker T Washington, Robert Park, and the making of a ‘science of society’
Authors: Magubane Zine
Published: March 2014

This article examines how Robert Park’s work, first at the American Congo Reform Association (ACRA) as a secretary/publicity agent and later at Tuskegee Institute as Booker T Washington’s researcher, ghostwriter, and co-author, influenced how he conceptualized what academic sociology could do and should be. Once he secured an academic position at the University of Chicago, Park, like many of his peers, sought to establish his difference from and superiority over practical reformers by defining his object of study – society – as a ‘social organism’ which was governed by natural laws. Park’s definition of sociology and its object of study made it possible not only to exclude non-academic researchers from the discipline but also to place his own actions as a ‘reformer’ (i.e. imperial consultant at Tuskegee and the ACRA) beyond scholarly inquiry. Park’s relationship to Washington helps to explain the relationship between sociology’s separation from the reform movement and the erasure of colonialism and imperialism from disciplinary history. It also partially accounts for why contemporary sociology’s analytical structure still struggles to account for and theoretically capture the complexities of colonial history.
Great Expectations and Hard Times
Authors: Brockhoff Sarah , Krieger Tim , Meierrieks Daniel
Published: March 2014

This contribution investigates the role of education in domestic terrorism for 133 countries between 1984 and 2007. The findings point to a nontrivial effect of education on terrorism. Lower education tends to promote terrorism in a cluster of countries where socioeconomic, political, and demographic conditions are unfavorable, while higher education reduces terrorism in a cluster of countries where conditions are more favorable. This suggests that country-specific circumstances moderate the effect of education on terrorism. The results of this study imply that promoting education needs to be accompanied by sound structural change to positively affect (individual and society-wide) development and consequently reduce terrorism.
The Cross-National Invariance Properties of a New Scale to Measure 19 Basic Human Values
Authors: Cieciuch Jan , Davidov Eldad , Vecchione Michele , Beierlein Constanze , Schwartz Shalom H.
Published: March 2014

Several studies that measured basic human values across countries with the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21) reported violations of measurement invariance. Such violations may hinder meaningful cross-cultural research on human values because value scores may not be comparable. Schwartz et al. proposed a refined value theory and a new instrument (PVQ-5X) to measure 19 more narrowly defined values. We tested the measurement invariance of this instrument across eight countries. Configural and metric invariance were established for all values across almost all countries. Scalar invariance was supported across nearly all countries for 10 values. The analyses revealed that the cross-country invariance properties of the values measured with the PVQ-5X are substantially better than those measured with the PVQ-21.
Techniques for hot embossing microstructures on liquid silicone rubbers with fillers
Authors: Vudayagiri Sindhu , Yu Liyun , Skov Anne Ladegaard
Published: March 2014

Embossing is an established process for the thermoplastic elastomers but not yet for the thermosetting elastomers. It has already been shown that hot embossing is a viable technology for imprinting microstructures in addition to curing thin silicone films at their gel point. It is one of the simplest, most cost-effective, and time-saving methods for replicating microstructures. In the present study, films made from liquid silicone rubber (LSR) formulations containing fillers are hot embossed under modified operating conditions. The use of such relatively hard silicone elastomers shows the versatility of this method that has been established for softer silicone elastomers. Also, as a proof of concept, a microstructured metal (nickel (Ni)) plate is used as an embosser for the films successfully. The ideal condition for hot embossing the LSR formulation (XLR 630 with titanium dioxide fillers) with a Ni embosser is 110°C preheating for 15–35 s, embossed with 2 bar pressure, and postheating for complete curing at 110°C for 3 min showing that the process is extremely fast.
Early expressive vocabulary skills: A multi-method approach to measurement
Authors: Gatt Daniela , Grech Helen , Dodd Barbara
Published: March 2014

Investigations of early vocabulary production often employ a single method to measure children’s word use. This study examined expressive vocabulary development in children aged 1;0–2;6 years through a combination of picture naming, caregiver report and language sampling. The participants were predominantly exposed to Maltese at home, with gathered evidence providing novel documentation of early vocabulary development in this specific language-learning context. Expressive vocabulary reported by caregivers was compared to word use elicited through picture naming and sampled naturalistically during play. Analyses revealed commonalities between pairs of measures that pointed towards their validity. Resulting differences underscored the influences that data collection methods exerted on the measures they generated. Taken together, these findings highlight the relevance of multiple methods for ensuring validity and objectivity in the investigation of expressive vocabulary development.
‘Speaking volumes’: A longitudinal study of lexical and grammatical growth between 17 and 42 months
Authors: Labrell Florence , van Geert Paul , Declercq Christelle , Baltazart Véronique , Caillies Stéphanie , Olivier Marie , Le Sourn-Bissaoui Sandrine
Published: March 2014

Dynamic analyses of language growth tell us how vocabulary and grammar develop and how the two might be intertwined. Analyses of growth curves between 17 and 42 months, based on longitudinal data for 34 children, revealed interesting patterns of vocabulary and grammatical developments. They showed that these patterns were nonlinear, but with coinciding peaks of growth, suggesting a bilateral relationship between acquisition of vocabulary and grammar. A more detailed analysis of specific components of vocabulary (nouns, verbs, grammatical words) and grammar showed that each followed its own developmental course, but that its growth rates were likely to be negatively or positively correlated with those of other components. For example, a faster rate for acquiring nouns coincided with a slower rate for verbs. Last, an assessment of intra-individual variability in three children showed that mean scores obscure individual profiles.
Contribution of a Muscle Fatigue Protocol to a Dynamic Stability Screening Test for Exertional Medial Tibial Pain
Authors: Verrelst Ruth , De Clercq Dirk , Willems Tine Marieke , Victor Jan , Witvrouw Erik
Published: March 2014

Background:

Enhancing the accuracy of a risk factor screening test is an important element of sports injury prevention.

Purpose:

To determine the effect of muscle fatigue on a screening tool for those at risk of exertional medial tibial pain (EMTP).

Study Design:

Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Sixty-nine female students in a physical education program with a mean age of 19.24 ± 0.86 years were tested at the beginning of their first academic year and followed for 1 to 2 years. Participants completed an online questionnaire every week and a retrospective control questionnaire every 3 months, which were used to assess injury follow-up. A diagnosis of EMTP was made by an experienced medical doctor. A Cox regression analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors by comparing prefatigue and postfatigue data between uninjured participants and those with EMTP. Both the leg that developed EMTP and the contralateral leg were compared with legs of a matched control group.

Results:

During injury follow-up, 21 female participants were diagnosed with EMTP. Results of the comparison between uninjured versus EMTP participants, respectively, are as follows: For the leg at risk in the nonfatigued state, only increased range of motion in the transverse plane (ROMT) of the hip during landing could be identified as a risk factor (8.44° ± 2.94° vs 11.69° ± 3.41°; P = .002). In the fatigued state, increased ROMT of the hip and pelvis during landing (hip: 8.04° ± 2.34° vs 9.36° ± 3.22°; P = .038; pelvis: 6.99° ± 2.20° vs 8.58° ± 3.13°; P = .040) and increased ROMT of the thorax during pushoff (8.83° ± 2.74° vs 10.69° ± 3.20°; P = .036) could be identified. For the leg not at risk for EMTP, increased ROMT of the knee during landing (10.96° ± 3.12° vs 14.07° ± 4.88°; P = .023) and decreased ROMT of the pelvis during pushoff (8.16° ± 3.48° vs 6.47° ± 2.47°; P = .034) were identified in the nonfatigued state but were not significant in the fatigued state.

Conclusion:

Adding a muscle fatigue protocol to the single-legged drop jump as a screening test for EMTP risk factors may enhance the possibility of identifying the leg at risk in a predisposed athlete and might determine the proximal risk factors for that leg at risk more thoroughly.
Utilization of open pit burned household waste ash – a feasibility study in Dhaka
Authors: Haque Md. Obaidul , Sharif Ahmed
Published: March 2014

Informal incineration or open pit burning of waste materials is a common practice in the peripheral area of Dhaka, one of the fastest growing mega-cities in the world. This study deals with the effect of open pit burned (i.e. open burned) household waste bottom ash on ﬁred clay bricks. Between 0 to 50% (by weight) of open pit burned household waste bottom ash was mixed with clay to make bricks. The molded specimens were air-dried at room temperature for 24 h and then oven dried at 100 °C for another 24 h to remove the water. The raw bricks were fired in a muffle furnace to a designated temperature (800, 900 and 1000 °C, respectively). The firing behaviour (mechanical strength, water absorption and shrinkage) was determined. The microstructures, phase compositions and leachates were evaluated for bricks manufactured at different firing temperatures. These results demonstrate that open pit burned ash can be recycled in clay bricks. This study also presents physical observations of the incinerated ash particles and determination of the chemical compositions of the raw materials by wet analysis. Open pit burned ash can be introduced easily into bricks up to 20% wt. The concentrations of hazardous components in the leachates were below the standard threshold for inert waste category landfill and their environmental risk during their use-life step can be considered negligible.
Temporalis Muscle Hypertrophy and Reduced Skull Eccentricity in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Straathof C. S. M. , Doorenweerd N. , Wokke B. H. A. , Dumas E. M. , van den Bergen J. C. , van Buchem M. A. , Hendriksen J. G. M. , Verschuuren J. J. G. M. , Kan H. E.
Published: March 2014

Muscle hypertrophy and muscle weakness are well known in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Decreased muscle force can have secondary effects on skeletal growth and development such as facial and dental morphology changes. In this study, we quantified temporal muscle thickness, circumference, and eccentricity of the skull and the head on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the head of 15 Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and 15 controls. Average temporal muscle thickness was significantly increased in patients (12.9 ± 5.2 mm) compared to controls (6.8 ± 1.4 mm) ( P < .0001), whereas the shape of the skull was significantly rounder compared to controls. Temporal muscle thickness and skull eccentricity were significantly negatively correlated in patients, and positively in controls. Hypertrophy of the temporal muscles and changes in skull eccentricity appear to occur early in the course of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Further studies in younger patients are needed to confirm a causal relationship.
Stock Awards Can Be a Powerful Executive Pay Element
Authors: Ellig Bruce R.
Published: March 2014

Unlike stock options, stock awards require no cash outlay for the stock. However, like stock options they are taxable as personal income. They are taxable at the point in time when a recipient has access to its value. Some stock awards have no restrictions and are taxable when granted but it is more common to have a restriction of time and/or performance before having access to the income. There are four possible combinations of number of shares and when the shares are received: (a) fixed number at a fixed date, (b) fixed number at a variable date, (c) variable number at a fixed date and (d) variable number at a variable date.
Patients who return to care after tracking remain at high risk of attrition: experience from a large HIV clinic, Uganda
Authors: Nakiwogga-Muwanga A , Musaazi J , Katabira E , Worodria W , Talisuna S Alamo , Colebunders R
Published: March 2014

We determined the retention rate of patients infected with HIV who resumed care after being tracked at the Infectious Diseases Clinic (IDC) in Kampala, Uganda. Between April 2011 and September 2013, patients who missed their clinic appointment for 8–90 days were tracked, and those who returned to the clinic within 120 days were followed up. The proportion of patients retained among tracked patients, and those who resumed care before tracking started was compared. At 18 months of follow up, 33 (39%) of the tracked patients and 72 (61%) of those who had resumed care before tracking started were retained in care. The most important cause of attrition among the traceable was self-transfer to another clinic (38 [73%] patients), whereas among those who resumed care before tracking was loss to follow up (LTFU) (32 [71%] patients). Tracked patients who resume care following a missed appointment are at high risk of attrition. To increase retention, antiretroviral therapy clinics need to adopt a chronic care model which takes into consideration patients’ changing needs and their preference for self-management.
Transgender friendship experiences: Benefits and barriers of friendships across gender identity and sexual orientation
Authors: Galupo M Paz , Bauerband L Andrew , Gonzalez Kirsten A , Hagen D Brienne , Hether Shandelle D , Krum Tiana E
Published: March 2014

The present research explores benefits and barriers of friendships for transgender individuals. Participants included 536 individuals who self-identified as transgender or gender variant. Participants completed an online survey asking about friendship experiences with transgender, cisgender, sexual minority, and heterosexual friends. Using a feminist intersectional theoretical framework, content analysis attended to the benefits and barriers to friendship and highlighted patterns of responses by allowing for comparisons across friends' gender identity and sexual orientation. Unique friendship barriers and benefits were found across normative (cisgender/heterosexual) and non-normative (transgender/sexual minority) dimensions of identities. In addition, friendship experiences with transgender and sexual minority friends displayed unique similarities and differences. In our analyses we emphasize the usefulness of a feminist intersectional approach in investigating transgender friendship experience.
Controlling for localised spatio-temporal autocorrelation in long-term air pollution and health studies
Authors: Lee Duncan , Mitchell Richard
Published: March 2014

Estimating the long-term health impact of air pollution using an ecological spatio-temporal study design is a challenging task, due to the presence of residual spatio-temporal autocorrelation in the health counts after adjusting for the covariate effects. This autocorrelation is commonly modelled by a set of random effects represented by a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) prior distribution, as part of a hierarchical Bayesian model. However, GMRF models typically assume the random effects are globally smooth in space and time, and thus are likely to be collinear to any spatially and temporally smooth covariates such as air pollution. Such collinearity leads to poor estimation performance of the estimated fixed effects, and motivated by this epidemiological problem, this paper proposes new GMRF methodology to allow for localised spatio-temporal smoothing. This means random effects that are either geographically or temporally adjacent are allowed to be autocorrelated or conditionally independent, which allows more flexible autocorrelation structures to be represented. This increased flexibility results in improved fixed effects estimation compared with global smoothing models, which is evidenced by our simulation study. The methodology is then applied to the motivating study investigating the long-term effects of air pollution on respiratory ill health in Greater Glasgow, Scotland between 2007 and 2011.
General Mental Ability as a Source of Differential Functioning in Personality Scales
Authors: DuVernet Amy M. , Wright Natalie A. , Meade Adam W. , Coughlin Chris , Kantrowitz Tracy M.
Published: March 2014

Despite pervasive evidence that general mental ability and personality are unrelated, we investigated whether general mental ability may affect the response process associated with personality measurement. Study 1 examined a large sample of job applicant responses to four personality scales for differential functioning across groups of differing general mental ability. While results indicated that personality items differentially function across highly disparate general mental ability groups, there was little evidence of differential functioning across groups with similar levels of general mental ability. Study 2 replicated these findings in a different sample, using a different measure of general mental ability. We posit that observed differences in the psychometric properties of these personality scales are likely due to the information processing capabilities of the respondents. Additionally, we describe how differential functioning analyses can be used during scale development as a method of identifying items that are not appropriate for all intended respondents. In so doing, we demonstrate procedures for examining other construct-measurement interactions in which respondents’ standings on a specific construct could influence their interpretation of and response to items assessing other constructs.
Wear prediction on silicon nitride bearing couple in human hip prosthesis using finite element concepts
Authors: Shankar S , Nithyaprakash R
Published: March 2014

Wear is one of the important tribological parameter that increases the revision rate of artificial hip implantation. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is one of the promising ceramic materials with low wear rate and has been implanted in patients for the past 3 years. The objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of radial clearance over the contact pressure and wear of Si3N4 bearing couple, i.e. acetabulam cup and femoral head, using finite element concepts. The 3D force values for normal walking cycle of hip joint are used to predict the contact pressure and 3D rotation angles are used to calculate the sliding distance in determining the wear of bearing couple. The finite element results are validated initially with the previous experimental results. Then the analysis is extended to various radial clearance values. The increase in radial clearance values resulted in increase in linear wear but there is not much change in the volumetric wear.
Seeing with our own eyes: Youth in Mathare, Kenya use photovoice to examine individual and community strengths
Authors: Dakin Emily K , Parker Sarah Noyes , Amell James W , Rogers Brittany S
Published: March 2014

In this study, youth residents of the Mathare community of Nairobi, Kenya documented individual and community strengths using photovoice, a method that is grounded in the principles of community-based participatory research. Research was conducted in collaboration with the Mwelu Foundation, a youth-based participatory photography organization in Mathare. Template analysis was used to code the data, and industriousness, positive identity, community resources, and resilience emerged as the identified individual and community strengths. The project highlighted the value of photovoice for promoting empowerment and highlighting the perspectives of largely invisible populations. Implications of photovoice for social work research and practice are discussed.
Ghanaian (Akan) women’s experiences of widowhood and property rights violations: An ethnographic inquiry
Authors: Korang-Okrah Rose , Haight Wendy
Published: March 2014

This study, part of a larger ethnography, explores the interaction of national inheritance laws and local culture in the everyday lives of Ghanaian (Akan) women who have been widowed. Property ownership is fundamental to women’s economic survival, empowerment, and liberation from abusive relationships. Yet millions of women around the world, especially those in developing nations lose their rights to own, inherit, and manage property following the deaths of their husbands. This research took place in two cities and two villages each in the Ashanti and Brong-Ahafo regions. Methods included participant observation conducted over a four-month period in and around the homes of women who had been widowed and focused observations of women’s interactions with family members in the home. In-depth interviews conducted in Twi with 20 widows, five from each site, focused on women’s experiences of widowhood. Thirteen women described property rights violations occurring when they were vulnerable due to bereavement and/or widowhood rites, and resulting in long-term economic challenges for them and their children. Their experiences suggest that local, customary laws have constrained the implementation of national, progressive laws to eliminate gender discrimination in inheritance. Women also described their sources of resilience including social support from family and friends, spirituality, and their own advocacy for other women. We discuss implications for international social work, especially developing an understanding of local challenges and resources foundational to the design and implementation of effective, culturally sensitive policy, and intervention.
Talking with children: Professional conversations in a participation perspective
Authors: Ulvik Oddbjørg Skjær
Published: March 2014

How to talk with children is of great concern in many fields of professional practice, though conversations have various statuses within different contexts. The discussion of children’s rights to participation emphasized by The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC; United Nations, 1989 ) raises a number of questions about the significance of professional talking practices. A rights-based rationale is just one of many for talking with children. In this article, the question of how to talk with children as well as the question of how to analyze talk with children are addressed. Three possible analytical perspectives on participation and professional conversations are discussed: conversations as means for participation, participation as a theme in conversations, and conversations as a form of participation. The last one is employed in the analyses. To identify and conceptualize challenges in professional talking practices, I argue that a broader participation concept then the one offered in the UNCRC is required. Methodological discussions from research with children are made relevant for the discussion of professional practice. Drawing from empirical examples of 55 audio-recorded and transcribed conversations between child welfare workers and children in the action research project “Talk with us”—Professional practices and children’s participation, selected aspects of professional conversations with children are discussed: negotiating contracts, normative inquiries, and exploring labels. Conversations are analyzed as intergenerational practices, while children and adult professionals are analyzed as differently positioned participants in joint meaning-producing activities. Finally, normativity and the relation between process and result in studies of professional conversations with children are discussed.
A novel physics-based temperature compensation model for structural health monitoring using ultrasonic guided waves
Authors: Roy Surajit , Lonkar Kuldeep , Janapati Vishnuvardhan , Chang Fu-Kuo
Published: March 2014

This article investigates the role of ambient temperature in causing changes to the structural wave propagation, as sensed by piezoelectric transducers, in a newer perspective. A novel approach is proposed to compensate the influence of temperature on piezo-sensor response using both analytical models and numerical simulations. Parametric studies using numerical simulations for plates with surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers establish linear functional relationship between change in sensor signals and specific combination of material properties, within certain temperature range. A numerical temperature compensation model is developed based on this functional relationship to reconstruct piezo-sensor signals at elevated temperatures. Matching pursuit–based signal analysis and reconstruction schemes are used in this study. Practical efficacy of the compensation model is tested for metallic structures with both simple and complex geometries. Model-based reconstruction of first wave packets in the sensor signals is found to match quite well with the experimental measurements. Performance of the proposed compensation model is also found to be at par with the existing state-of-art temperature compensation methods. A very limited set of baseline sensor data is required to estimate unknown model parameters, making this approach to be efficient and practically useful. The output of the compensation model is also used to obtain an accurate estimate of damage location in a structure under varying ambient temperature environments.
Process Evaluation of the Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Learning and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Knowlden Adam P. , Sharma Manoj
Published: March 2014

Family-and-home-based interventions are an important vehicle for preventing childhood obesity. Systematic process evaluations have not been routinely conducted in assessment of these interventions. The purpose of this study was to plan and conduct a process evaluation of the Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Learning and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) randomized control trial. The trial was composed of two web-based, mother-centered interventions for prevention of obesity in children between 4 and 6 years of age. Process evaluation used the components of program fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, context, reach, and recruitment. Categorical process evaluation data (program fidelity, dose delivered, dose exposure, and context) were assessed using Program Implementation Index (PII) values. Continuous process evaluation variables (dose satisfaction and recruitment) were assessed using ANOVA tests to evaluate mean differences between groups (experimental and control) and sessions (sessions 1 through 5). Process evaluation results found that both groups (experimental and control) were equivalent, and interventions were administered as planned. Analysis of web-based intervention process objectives requires tailoring of process evaluation models for online delivery. Dissemination of process evaluation results can advance best practices for implementing effective online health promotion programs.