bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Discriminant Analysis to Predict the Bankruptcy of Companies Listed on the NewConnect Market
Authors: Mosionek-Schweda Magdalena
Published: November 2014

The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate the usability of discriminant models in predicting bankruptcy for companies listed on NewConnect. This market was established in 2007 and operates as an alternative trading system next to Warsaw Stock Exchange S.A., which in practice means that its regulatory regime in relation to issuers and listed companies is not as strict as the one applicable to the main market, therefore shares of small and medium-size businesses, including start-ups, can be listed on NewConnect. In this paper, discriminant models are used to analyse the financial situation of four companies removed from trading on NewConnect due to bankruptcy, Perfect Line S.A., Promet S.A., InwazjaPC S.A. and Budostal-5 S.A. The analysis is based on three models: Altman's model for emerging markets, as well as two models of the highest predictive ability according to P. Antonowicz's research, Z7INEPAN model developed in the Polish Academy of Sciences and E. Mączyńska's model, developed by Polish scientists and adapted to the Polish economy. The results confirm that these models are a valuable tool in assessing the financial condition of enterprises and allow for bankruptcy forecasting. Their application to companies listed on NewConnect, however, may be limited due to the specific profile of these entities as most of these enterprises are in fact newly formed and therefore the existing empirical data may prove  insufficient.
Why dentistry needs its own way of respecting patients
Authors: Patrick Alison
Published: November 2014

This article argues the consequence of this consent-led approach as the manner in which we respect patients can cause us to overlook matters of concern in dentistry. For that reason it may well be necessary to develop a bespoke model of patient interaction for the dental profession
Is congenital talipes equinovarus a risk factor for pathological dysplasia of the hip?
Authors: Paton R. W. , Choudry Q. A. , Jugdey R. , Hughes S.
Published: November 2014

There is controversy whether congenital foot abnormalities are true risk factors for pathological dysplasia of the hip. Previous United Kingdom screening guidelines considered congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) to be a risk factor for hip dysplasia, but present guidelines do not. We assessed the potential relationship between pathological dysplasia of the hip and fixed idiopathic CTEV.

We present a single-centre 21-year prospective longitudinal observational study. All fixed idiopathic CTEV cases were classified (Harrold and Walker Types 1 to 3) and the hips clinically and sonographically assessed. Sonographic Graf Type III, IV and radiological irreducible hip dislocation were considered to be pathological hip dysplasia.

Over 21 years there were 139 children with 199 cases of fixed idiopathic CTEV feet. Sonographically, there were 259 normal hips, 18 Graf Type II hips, 1 Graf Type III hip and 0 Graf Type IV hip. There were no cases of radiological or sonographic irreducible hip dislocation.

Fixed idiopathic CTEV should not be considered as a significant risk factor for pathological hip dysplasia. This conclusion is in keeping with the current newborn and infant physical examination guidelines in which the only risk factors routinely screened are family history and breech presentation. Our findings suggest CTEV should not be considered a significant risk factor in pathological dysplasia of the hip.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1553–5.
Field testing the Unified Classification System for peri-prosthetic fractures of the pelvis and femur around a total hip replacement
Authors: Vioreanu M. H. , Parry M. C. , Haddad F. S. , Duncan C. P.
Published: November 2014

The Unified Classification System (UCS) emphasises the key principles in the assessment and management of peri-prosthetic fractures complicating partial or total joint replacement.

We tested the inter- and intra-observer agreement for the UCS as applied to the pelvis and femur using 20 examples of peri-prosthetic fracture in 17 patients. Each subtype of the UCS was represented by at least one case. Specialist orthopaedic surgeons (experts) and orthopaedic residents (pre-experts) assessed reliability on two separate occasions.

For the pelvis, the UCS showed inter-observer agreement of 0.837 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.798 to 0.876) for the experts and 0.728 (95% CI 0.689 to 0.767) for the pre-experts. The intra-observer agreement for the experts was 0.861 (95% CI 0.760 to 0.963) and 0.803 (95% 0.688 to 0.918) for the pre-experts. For the femur, the UCS showed an inter-observer kappa value of 0.805 (95% CI 0.765 to 0.845) for the experts and a value of 0.732 (95% CI 0.690 to 0.773) for the pre-experts. The intra-observer agreement was 0.920 (95% CI 0.867 to 0.973) for the experts, and 0.772 (95% CI 0.652 to 0.892) for the pre-experts. This corresponds to a substantial and ‘almost perfect’ inter- and intra-observer agreement for the UCS for peri-prosthetic fractures of the pelvis and femur.

We hope that unifying the terminology of these injuries will assist in their assessment, treatment and outcome.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1472–7.
Comparison between 28 mm and 32 mm ceramic-on-ceramic bearings in total hip replacement
Authors: Lee Y. K. , Ha Y. C. , Koo K. H.
Published: November 2014

Large femoral heads have become popular in total hip replacement (THR) as a method of reducing the risk of dislocation. However, if large heads are used in ceramic-on-ceramic THR, the liner must be thinner, which may increase the risk of fracture. To compare the rates of ceramic fracture and dislocation between 28 mm and 32 mm ceramic heads, 120 hips in 109 patients (51 men and 58 women, mean age 49.2 years) were randomised to THR with either a 28 mm or a 32 mm ceramic articulation. A total of 57/60 hips assigned to the 28 mm group and 55/60 hips assigned to the 32 mm group were followed for at least five years. No ceramic component fractures occured in any patient in either group. There was one dislocation in the 32 mm group and none in the 28 mm group (p = 0.464). No hip had detectable wear, focal osteolysis or prosthetic loosening. In our small study the 32 mm ceramic articulation appeared to be safe in terms of ceramic liner fracture.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1459–63.
Ethics in fashion as a social problem: Ethical fashion in Poland
Authors: Raciniewska Alicja
Published: November 2014

At the beginning of the twenty-first century the issues concerning natural environment protection began to be associated with the concepts of social responsibility and corporate social responsibility, and the idea of sustainability has become a criterion for operation assessment and a particular meta-narrative. For over two decades these issues have now been also associated with the garment industry. Although in other western countries, these subjects have long been recognized as important social problems worth seeking solutions to, in Poland discussions regarding ethical fashion are still obscure. The subject of interest in this article is the analysis of the presence of ethical fashion in Poland and the shape of public discourse regarding this topic. The first part defines the concept of ethical fashion. The second part is devoted to a presentation of the most important entities and practices associated with ethical fashion in Poland and the attempts to establish how important these issues are for contemporary Polish people. The third part presents the results of the study on ethical fashion and its role in Polish public discourse, especially in the manners of framing and interpreting in Polish opinion-forming media the problem of the garment factory catastrophe in Bangladesh. The principal aim of the presented analysis is the attempt to provide the answer to the following question: are the issues of ethics and fashion industry responsibility perceived as a significant problem in Poland?
Spinning a sustainable yarn: Environmental sustainability and brand story in the Australian fashion industry
Authors: Payne Alice
Published: November 2014

In the Australian fashion industry, few fashion brands have intervened in the design of their products or the systems around their product to tackle environmental pollution and waste. Instead, support of charities (whether social or environmental) has become conflated with sustainability in the eyes of the public. Thus it is difficult to assess with any accuracy fashion brands’ response to sustainability. This article aims to address this through proposing a categorization system to structure the various interventions that a company may make. This system is applied to two case studies, analysing campaigns that respond to environmental sustainability by two established Australian brands, Country Road and Billabong. The case studies demonstrate how the interventions employed by a company, at least in the Australian context, are carefully developed to align with their brand story, revealing the interplay between the intangible aspects of a brand’s positioning and the tangible, measurable impacts of their garments.
Understanding the links between positive psychology and fashion: A grounded theory analysis
Authors: Masuch Christoph-Simon , Hefferon Kate
Published: November 2014

Fashion is clearly under-represented within contemporary psychology. Amongst the few empirical works that do exist, individual clothing behaviours are frequently dealt with in a context of psychological ill-being. This contradicts earlier psychological writings where clothing practices were thought to be life-affirming and well-being enhancing activities. Against this backdrop, this study explored fashion from a positive psychological perspective. Ten participants reported their subjective experience of day-to-day clothing practices in response to open-ended inquiry. Grounded theory analysis revealed that clothing practices were employed as powerful techniques to negotiate selfhood, befriend the body and manage mood. The interaction of these three processes enabled the management of everyday well-being as fashion was found to be a rich source of positivity in participants’ lives. These findings have far-reaching implications for the field of (positive) psychology, opening up a number of doors for potential future research.
From Minimalist Research to Utopian Zeal
Authors: Ružić Igor
Published: November 2014

Both the jury and audience of the 6th Slovenian Contemporary Dance Festival Gibanica 2013 were most impressed by the productions that the official selectors included in their programme, "A Revolt of Details". This positive reception testifies that the programming of art-even in extremely "curatorial times"-does not necessarily lead to mass ennui in its reception or effect. The article treats upon very different performances from the festival: they move on the edge of minimalism (Are Made of This, The Very Delicious Piece), through ascetic multimedia (Double), or they devote themselves to the body, addressing it through dance (Transland, Awaiting Resonance), revolt (Ballet of Revolt), personal reflection (Eden) or the leaving behind of civilization (The Other At The Same Time).
MASKA Forum: Legalisation of the Contemporary Dance Field, or Moving from Presence to Representation
Authors: Kopač Andreja , Kraigher Amelia
Published: November 2014

Attempting to think about the future of Slovene contemporary dance, Maska's forum took as its starting point the document prepared in 1994 by the Contemporary Dance Association Slovenia (CDAS), which states the goals and the annual plan of the association. The aim and the purpose of the forum and the follow-up discussion was to critically examine and reflect upon what points in the programme, written two decades ago, have been realised and to delineate how to think about the "future" of the abolished Center of Contemporary Dance Arts (CCDA) as the first public institution in the contemporary dance area in Slovenia - a future that never came to exist. The forum looked carefully into which plans from the 1994 document are still topical as well as ways in which to think about the future of the field that would go beyond the existing frames of cultural politics and institutional regulation of the sector. The forum enabled artists and theoreticians who have left an indelible imprint on the contemporary dance field in Slovenia to present their proposals, views and to provide insight and commentary.
Two Cultural-Historical Examples of Constructing Institutional Models in the field of Contemporary Dance and their abortive import into the Slovenian Cultural Space
Authors: Vevar Rok
Published: November 2014

The article consists of two parts: the first part attempts to demonstrate how the inability to cooperate and the conflicted atmosphere between Pia and Pino Mlakar and the circle of Meta Vidmar and her students was imported to Slovenia from the German dance space and is the legacy of the dissent between Rudolf Laban and Mary Wigman, who had strongly differing views on the relationship between contemporary dance and dance institutions; and the second part describes the career path of Ksenija Hribar, her work in Great Britain and the experience she gained at LCDS and LCDT, as a basis for the deviation from joint efforts in the establishment of the Contemporary Dance Association Slovenia.
Between ڪثرة and Modernity: Kuwait's Political Interventions at The Venice Biennale of Architecture
Authors: Apostolou-Hölscher Stefan
Published: November 2014

Following the discovery and exploitation of oil, from the 1930s onwards Kuwait City became an architectural playground. Originally designed mainly by Western visionaries in order to implant into and impose onto this part of the Gulf region what they understood by modernity and the modern craft of architecture. In 2012 Kuwait participated at the 13th International Architecture Exhibition for the first time. Under the curatorship of Zahra Ali Baba, a team of architects, sound designers and visual artists developed a contribution that was not only quite experimental but also very political. Their work sought to illustrate the multiplicity of Kuwait and soon developed into a critical investigation and re-appropriation of the ambivalent history of Kuwait City as well as the whole country in the 20th century.
From the Articulation of Problems to the Manifestative Claims for Sistemically Regulated Contemporary Dance Practices: The Contemporary Dance Association Slovenia
Authors: Vevar Rok
Published: November 2014

The article follows the genealogy of the Contemporary Dance Association Slovenia, whose establishment took almost 10 years (1985-1994). It draws from the documents and materials available in order to stress the changes in the thinking on contemporary dance, detect the need for the professionalisation of the field in the 1980s and observe that the circle of creators of Dance Theatre Ljubljana established the Association in 1994 without the participation of the creators of expressive dance in Slovenia.
Potential application of adipose tissue-derived stem cells for urological Disease
Authors: Li Huixi , Lin Guiting , F Lue Tom
Published: November 2014

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a somatic stem cell population contained in fat tissue that may be utilized in the treatment of urologic disease. ADSCs are excellent candidates for these therapies as they are easily obtained in large quantities from adipose tissue, and possess the potential to undergo long-term proliferation, self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. We reviewed the available evidence from 1964 through 2014 concerning ADSC availability, differentiation, and potentiality in the context of treatment forurologic diseases.
Studies on Influence of Stitch Density and Stitch Type on Seam Properties of Garment Leathers
Authors: Aaron K. Phebe , Chandrasekaran B.
Published: November 2014

Despite studies indicating the differential use of stitch density with respect to textile apparel, there is little information on the effect of stitch type and stitch density (stitches/cm or spc) on the seam properties of leather clothing. An experimental investigation of the effect of two different types of stitches (i.e., chain stitch and lock stitch with variations in stitch density of 3, 4, 5, and 6 spc) has been reported. Lock stiches performed better than chain stiches with regards to seam strength, seam elongation, and seam efficiency. A stitch density of 5 spc was found to be optimal for sewing leathers. Further increases in stitch density damaged the fabric by cutting and weakening the fabrics.
Kapitalizm państwowy jako dylemat praktyczny i teoretyczny
Authors: Nowakowski Krzysztof
Published: November 2014

W wielu krajach następuje współwystępowanie rynków oraz państwa o obliczu autorytarnym. Kapitalizm państwowy to system ekonomiczno-społeczny, w którym rządy manipulują rynkiem dla swoich celów politycznych. W ogólnych obawach bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne, firmy i fundusze państwowe, realizują swoje polityczne i geostrategiczne plany bardziej niż te o charakterze rynkowym. Współczesny kapitalizm państwowy nie jest nowym zjawiskiem, ale następstwem globalnego kryzysu, który powoduje wzrost udziału państwa.Zatem pytanie brzmi, czy kapitalizm państwowy zmienia w sposób konceptualny i praktyczny dotychczasowy kapitalizm wolnorynkowy i stanowi atrakcyjną alternatywę dla rozwijających się gospodarek. Firmy państwowe i fundusze państwowe raczej adaptują warunki rynkowe, niż realizują założenia polityczne. Kapitalizm państwowy to nie jest nowy typ systemu ekonomicznego ani teorii ekonomicznej. Wykazuje swoje słabości. Jeśli rząd faworyzuje swoje jednostki, koszty tego ponoszą producenci i konsumenci (koszty alternatywne). Kapitalizm państwowy nie gwarantuje stabilności i jest efektywny, jeśli państwo jest efektywne. Kapitalizm państwowy wydaje się polityczną i ekonomiczną rzeczywistością, ale musi się zmagać z rozwijającą się i zdywersyfikowaną gospodarką rynkową. W tej perspektywie to droga do dobrobytu przez zastosowanie nieortodoksyjnych narzędzi ekonomicznych.
Effect of cadmium stress on barley tissue damage
and essential metal transport into plant
Authors: Lachman Jaromír , Kotíková Zora , Zámečníková Brigita , Miholová Daniela , Száková Jiřina , Vodičková Hana
Published: November 2014

Conductometric assessment of electrolyte
leakage from spring barley plant organs subjected to
higher cadmium concentrations 10-2 – 10-4 mol l-1 revealed
serious tissue damage. Therefore plants were grown under
controlled environment conditions in a phytotron in Knop´s
nutrient solution in two variants – the control variant
without cadmium and experimental variant treated during
the growth of plants with CdCl2 solution of 10-5 mol l-1. Barley
plants were then separated into roots, residual caryopses,
leaf bases, and leaves. Lyophilized samples were analyzed for
the uptake and redistribution of cadmium, calcium, copper,
iron, zinc, and manganese in plant organs by spectrometric methods. Cadmium caused significant decrease of calcium
and manganese levels in all analyzed plant parts indicating
that cadmium was a distinctive antagonist to intake of these
metals. Cadmium treatment also lowered amounts of zinc
and iron in roots. An opposite trend was characteristic for Cu,
where Cd stress caused significant Cu increase and retention
in roots and significant decrease in leaves. The combined
usage of the electroanalytical technique - conductometry
and spectrometric methods (ICP-OES, AAS) proved to be a
useful tool for monitoring of tissue damage and intake and
transfer of cadmium and macro- and microelements into
barley organs.
Determination of reference limits: statistical concepts and tools for sample size calculation
Authors: Wellek Stefan , Lackner Karl J. , Jennen-Steinmetz Christine , Reinhard Iris , Hoffmann Isabell , Blettner Maria
Published: November 2014

Reference limits are estimators for ‘extreme’ percentiles of the distribution of a quantitative diagnostic marker in the healthy population. In most cases, interest will be in the 90% or 95% reference intervals. The standard parametric method of determining reference limits consists of computing quantities of the form
Reference ranges for serum β-trace protein in neonates and children younger than 1 year of age
Authors: Zwiers Alexandra J.M. , Cransberg Karlien , de Rijke Yolanda B. , Willemsen Sten P. , de Mol Amerik C. , Tibboel Dick , de Wildt Saskia N.
Published: November 2014

β-Trace protein (BTP) has been proposed as an alternative endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate. Data on BTP reference ranges in young children are scarce. We therefore aim to establish reference ranges and examine the developmental course of serum BTP in basically healthy children younger than 1 year of age.

Single blood samples were taken from healthy children (born at gestational age ≥37 weeks) <12 months of age. Serum BTP was measured using the N latex B-trace protein assay (Siemens Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL, USA) on an Immage

From June 2010 to January 2014, 95 blood samples were collected from 95 children {67.4% male; median age 120 days [inter quartile range 57–166]}. BTP was normally distributed (mean concentration 0.84±standard deviation 0.35 mg/L). Considering all children, the 50th centile BTP reference concentration was 0.82 mg/L (5th–95th centiles; 0.27–1.38). BTP concentrations were the highest in neonates and steadily declined with increasing age (Spearman’s rank correlation was –0.415, p=0.002). No gender differences were found.

Our data provide a BTP reference range for the first year of life. Seeing the biological pattern of BTP, with only a limited postnatal decline, this marker might offer a promising alternative to serum creatinine-based methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate in newborns.
Low SOX17 expression: prognostic significance in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics
Authors: Tang Chun-yan , Lin Jiang , Qian Wei , Yang Jing , Ma Ji-chun , Deng Zhao-qun , Yang Lei , An Cui , Wen Xiang-mei , Zhang Ying-ying , Qian Jun
Published: November 2014

: Aberrant expression of SRY-box containing gene 17 (

: Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was performed to analyze the status of

:

Our findings indicated that low
The serum uromodulin level is associated with kidney function
Authors: Risch Lorenz , Lhotta Karl , Meier Dominik , Medina-Escobar Pedro , Nydegger Urs E. , Risch Martin
Published: November 2014

In chronic kidney diseases of various etiologies, the urinary excretion of uromodulin is usually decreased in parallel with the glomerular filtration rate. This study aimed to investigate whether serum uromodulin is associated with kidney function.

Within the framework of the Seniorlabor study, a subset of subjectively healthy individuals 60 years of age and older were included in the study. Serum uromodulin was measured with ELISA. The relationship between serum uromodulin and different stages of kidney function (i.e., cystatin C-based 2012-CKD-EPI eGFR

In total, 289 participants (140 males/149 females; mean age 71±7 years) were included in the study. There were significant differences in serum uromodulin among the four groups according to different kidney function stages (p<0.001). Serum uromodulin displayed inverse relationships with creatinine (r=–0.39), cystatin C (r=–0.42), and urea (r=–0.30) and, correspondingly, a positive relationship with eGFR

Serum uromodulin behaves in a manner opposite that of the different conventional renal retention markers by displaying lower concentrations with decreasing kidney function. As uromodulin is produced by the cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, lower uromodulin serum levels may reflect a reduction in number or function of these cells in chronic kidney disease.
Parental mediation of internet use and cultural values across Europe: Investigating the predictive power of the Hofstedian paradigm
Authors: Mertens Stefan , d’Haenens Leen
Published: November 2014

The EU Kids Online project aims to enhance knowledge of the experiences and practices of European children and their parents regarding online risks and safety. A crucial research effort by the EU Kids Online network has been a survey in 25 European countries which targeted approximately 1,000 children per country. This article applies a cross-cultural values filter to the data that were gathered on parental mediation and the Internet in this survey. Our intention is to test whether Geert Hofstede’s cross-national research results about national cultural values also apply to the EU Kids Online data on parental mediation. This implies studying collectivism versus individualism, low versus high power distance, masculinity versus femininity and low versus high uncertainty avoidance. We test whether differences between nations on these four dimensions correlate with differences between countries in parental mediation of the Internet and we test which European countries form clusters.
Normal functions, Picard--Fuchs equations, and elliptic fibrations on
K3 surfaces
Authors: Chen Xi , Doran Charles , Kerr Matt , Lewis James D.
Published: November 2014

Using Gauss–Manin derivatives of generalized normal functions,
we arrive at results on the non-triviality of the
transcendental regulator for

K
m

$K_{m}$

of a very general projective algebraic manifold.
Our strongest results are for the transcendental regulator
for

K
1

$K_{1}$

of a very general

K
⁢
3

$K3$

surface and its self-product. We also construct an explicit
family of

K
1

$K_{1}$

cycles on

H
⊕

E
8

⊕

E
8

$H\oplus E_{8}\oplus E_{8}$

-polarized

K
⁢
3

$K3$

surfaces,
and show they are indecomposable by a direct evaluation of the real regulator.
Critical use is made of natural elliptic fibrations, hypersurface normal forms,
and an explicit parametrization by modular functions.
Inhibition of OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 by tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Khurana Varun , Minocha Mukul , Pal Dhananjay , Mitra Ashim K.
Published: November 2014

Background: The potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) interacting with other therapeutics through hepatic uptake transporter inhibition has not been fully delineated in drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This study was designed to estimate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of five small-molecule TKIs (pazopanib, nilotinib, vandetanib, canertinib and erlotinib) interacting with organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs): OATP-1B1 and -1B3.

Methods: The IC50 values of TKIs and rifampicin (positive control) were determined by concentration-dependent inhibition of TKIs on cellular accumulation of radiolabeled probe substrates [3H]estrone sulfate and [3H]cholecystokinin octapeptide. Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with humanized OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 transporter proteins, respectively, were utilized to carry out these studies.

Results: Pazopanib and nilotinib show inhibitory activity on OATP-1B1 transporter protein. IC50 values for rifampicin, pazopanib and nilotinib were 10.46±1.15, 3.89±1.21 and 2.78±1.13 μM, respectively, for OATP-1B1 transporter. Vandetanib, canertinib and erlotinib did not exhibit any inhibitory potency toward OATP-1B1 transporter protein. Only vandetanib expressed inhibitory potential toward OATP-1B3 transporter protein out of the five selected TKIs. IC50 values for rifampicin and vandetanib for OATP-1B3 transporter inhibition were 3.67±1.20 and 18.13±1.21 μM, respectively. No significant inhibition in the presence of increasing concentrations of pazopanib, nilotinib, canertinib and erlotinib were observed for OATP-1B3 transporter.

Conclusions: Because selected TKIs are inhibitors of OATP-1B1 and -1B3 expressed in hepatic tissue, these compounds can be regarded as molecular targets for transporter-mediated DDIs. These findings provide the basis for further preclinical and clinical studies investigating the transporter-based DDI potential of TKIs.
Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Prices Faced by Adolescents
Authors: Auld M. Christopher , Zarrabi Mahmood
Published: November 2014

Tobacco taxes in Canada varied markedly across time and across regions in the early 1990s. We exploit this variation to estimate the long reach of prices faced in adolescence on smoking behavior roughly a decade later in early to mid-adulthood. Results from a variety of econometric approaches suggest that there is a small but detectable long-run effect of price faced during adolescence. A 10% increase in prices faced during adolescence, holding contemporaneous prices constant, leads to roughly a 1% reduction in adult smoking propensity and intensity. The results are somewhat sensitive to specification and to how price during adolescence is measured.
The Value of Delaying Alzheimer’s Disease Onset
Authors: Zissimopoulos Julie , Crimmins Eileen , St.Clair Patricia
Published: November 2014

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) extracts a heavy societal toll. The value of medical advances that delay onset of AD could be significant. Using data from nationally representative samples from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2008) and Aging Demographics and Memory Study (2001–2009), we estimate the prevalence and incidence of AD and the formal and informal health care costs associated with it. We use microsimulation to project future prevalence and costs of AD under different treatment scenarios. We find from 2010 to 2050, the number of individuals ages 70+ with AD increases 153%, from 3.6 to 9.1 million, and annual costs increase from $307 billion ($181B formal, $126B informal costs) to $1.5 trillion. 2010 annual per person costs were $71,303 and double by 2050. Medicare and Medicaid are paying 75% of formal costs. Medical advances that delay onset of AD for 5 years result in 41% lower prevalence and 40% lower cost of AD in 2050. For one cohort of older individuals, who would go on to acquire AD, a 5-year delay leads to 2.7 additional life years (about 5 AD-free), slightly higher formal care costs due to longer life but lower informal care costs for a total value of $511,208 per person. We find Medical advances delaying onset of AD generate significant economic and longevity benefits. The findings inform clinicians, policymakers, businesses and the public about the value of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
Study on the residual lignin in Eucalyptus globulus sulphite pulp
Authors: Magina Sandra , Marques Ana P. , Evtuguin Dmitry V.
Published: November 2014

The residual lignin (LR sample) was isolated from unbleached acid sulphite pulp from Eucalyptus globulus with kappa number 18.2 by acidolysis and structurally characterized by wet chemistry and NMR techniques. The main structural features of LR were compared with lignin isolated from sulphite spent liquor (LSSL sample) and dioxane lignin (DL sample) from eucalypt wood. LR contains less sulphonic groups (4.4%) compared to LSSL (11.3%), and its molecular weight (2200 Da) is very close to that of DL (2600 Da). A part of sulphonic groups is located at the benzylic carbon in β-O-4′ and β-5′ structures. LR revealed ca. 20% lower abundance of β-O-4′ structures than DL, but ca. 40% higher abundance of these structures than LSSL. The degree of condensation of LR was higher than that of DL but lower than that of LSSL. The condensed structures in LR mainly originate from C6-linked syringyl units. The structural peculiarities of LR consisted of the relatively high proportion of syringyl units compared to DL and the strong structural association with hemicelluloses via benzyl ether linkages. The differences in the structure of residual lignins from eucalypt sulphite and kraft pulps have been discussed.
The Ni-Al-Zr Multiphase Diffusion Simulations
Authors: Wierzba Bartek , Romanowska Jolanta , Zagula-Yavorska Maryana , Markowski Janusz , Sieniawski Jan
Published: November 2014

The generalized Darken method allows a quantitative description of diffusion mass transport in multi-phase materials. The method characterizes the diffusion zone by phase volume fractions. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental concentration’s profiles of nickel, zirconium and aluminum in zirconium doped aluminide coatings deposited on pure nickel by the PVD and CVD methods.
Future orientation: a construct with implications for adolescent health and wellbeing
Authors: Johnson Sarah R. Lindstrom , Blum Robert W. , Cheng Tina L.
Published: November 2014

Multidisciplinary research has supported a relationship between adolescent future orientation (the ability to set future goals and plans) and positive adolescent health and development outcomes. Many preventive strategies – for example, contracepting, exercising – are based on taking actions in the present to avoid unwanted or negative future consequences. However, research has been hampered by unclear and often divergent conceptualizations of the future orientation construct. The present paper aims to integrate previous conceptual and operational definitions into a conceptual framework that can inform programs and services for youth and efforts to evaluate future orientation as a target for intervention. Recommendations focus on furthering the study of the construct through measurement synthesis as well as studies of the normative development of future orientation. Also suggested is the need to pair environmental intervention strategies with individual level efforts to improve future orientation in order to maximize benefits.
The variance of lexical diversity profiles and its relationship to learning style
Authors: Booth Paul
Published: November 2014

Studies in lexical diversity have shown an approximate relationship with learner instruction. Learners with more L2 instruction tend to display less repetition of words and so greater lexical diversity. However, at higher L2 levels of proficiency this relationship does not always occur. This study examines the lexical diversity scores in L2 texts. Lexical diversity scores are examined in relationship to a learning style framework of memory and analysis. The results show that variance in analytic ability scores can account for a proportion of variance in lexical diversity. It was also found that the type of writing task also affects lexical diversity. These results suggest that learners who are more grammatically able may be more likely to restructure their language. The findings illuminate Dynamic Systems Theory; in particular, how lexical diversity is shaped to some extent by differences within individuals and task conditions.
Learner background factors and learning of second language pragmatics
Authors: Roever Carsten , Wang Stanley , Brophy Stephanie
Published: November 2014

Learner background factors have been shown to affect learning of L2 pragmatics, which has been demonstrated especially for proficiency and length of residence. However, these factors have generally been investigated individually, not allowing conclusions as to their relative contributions. In this study, we use Poisson regression to investigate the effect of proficiency, length of residence, gender and multilingualism on learners' comprehension of implicature, recognition of routine formulae and production of speech acts in English. 229 ESL and EFL learners completed a web-based pragmatics test with 12 items per section. We found that only proficiency significantly affected implicature comprehension, length of residence and proficiency were significant factors in the recognition of routine formulae, and proficiency and gender significantly impacted speech act production. Although the effect of proficiency in our study is far greater than for any other background factor, we caution against overemphasizing its importance to learning of pragmatics overall.
Stylizing Dialects and Restructuring the Nation of Nepal in Stand-Up Comedy
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishna
Published: November 2014

This study presents an analysis of a Nepali comedian’s dialect stylization in a stand-up comedy show performed for the diasporic Nepali community in Bochum, Germany. The analysis shows that through creative deployment of diverse linguistic practices of Nepali speakers, the comedian, Manoj Gajurel, engages in important identity work both in the narrating and in the narrated world of the comedy act. In the narrating world, he discursively constructs a shared identity with the audience as “we Nepalis” who are comfortable in celebrating – but also finding humor in – the linguistic diversity in Nepal. Drawing on contemporary political discourse in Nepal, they imagine a new federal Nepal through Gajurel’s stylization and the audience’s affiliative responses respectively. In the narrated world, the comedian constructs various stereotypical identities of Nepali dialect speakers using multiple speaker footings and revoicings. Although the accuracy of representation can be contested, stylized performances such as this give a symbolic and material value to the traditionally denigrated dialects and serve as a resource for language users to construct and represent a different range of identities in the age of late modernity.
Zur Entstehung einiger Verweise auf Spinoza in Nietzsches Schriften anhand der Quellen und des Heftes M III 1
Authors: Scandella Maurizio
Published: November 2014

Dieser Beitrag soll zur Forschung über Nietzsches Quellen zu Spinoza beitragen, indem er erstens einige Annahmen Adolf Schöll betreffend vorstellt. Zweitens wird die Vermutung entwickelt, dass einige Verweise auf Spinoza von 1884-1885 auf dem Heft M III 1 (1881) beruhen. Drittens werden Hypothesen zur Quelle der Formel „Inconsequenz Spinoza’s“ in JGB 13 erörtert, einerseits von Andreas Rupschus und Werner Stegmaier (Trendelenburg), andererseits von Andreas Urs Sommer (Guya u, Falckenberg). Im Anschluss daran werden unter Bezug auf M III 1 und Afrikan Spir eigene Annahmen zur Lösung dieser Frage vorgebracht.
Naturally derived and synthetic polymers as biomimetic enhancers of silicic acid solubility in (bio)silicification processes
Authors: Demadis Konstantinos D. , Preari Melina , Antonakaki Ioanna
Published: November 2014

Numerous publications report the existence of intracellular “Si” storage pools in diatoms representing intracellular concentrations of ca. 19–340 mM depending on the species. “Si” storage pools in diatom cells, if present, are supposed to accumulate “Si” for the production of new valves. The accumulated “Si” is then transported into the silicon deposition vesicle (SDV) where the new cell wall is synthesized. Interestingly, the reported concentrations of intracellular “Si” within the storage pool sometimes strongly exceed the solubility of monosilicic acid (ca. 2 mM pH <9). Various types of “Si” storage pools are discussed in the literature. It is usually assumed that “Si” species are stabilized by the association with some kind of organic material such as special proteins, thus forming a soluble silicic acid pools inside the cells. In an effort to mimic the above phenomenon, we have used a variety of neutral or cationic polymers that stabilize two soluble forms of “Si,” silicic and disilicic acids. These polymers include amine-terminated dendrimers, amine-containing linear polymers (with primary, secondary or tertiary amines), organic ammonium polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) neutral polymers, co-polymers (containing neutral and cationic parts) and phosphonium end-grafted PEG polymers. All the aforementioned polymeric entities affect the rate of silicic acid polycondensation and also the silica particle growth. Synergistic combinations of cationic and anionic polymers create in situ supramolecular assemblies that can also affect the condensation of silicic acid. Possible mechanisms for their effect on the condensation reaction are presented, with an eye towards their relevance to the “Si pools,” from a bioinspired/biomimetic point of view.
Effect of polymer support functionalization on enzyme immobilization and catalytic activity
Authors: Parvulescu Viorica , Popa Adriana , Paun Gabriela , Ene Ramona , Davidescu Corneliu-Mircea , Ilia Gheorghe
Published: November 2014

Two enzymes, laccase and peroxidase, were immobilized on chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers supports functionalized with phosphonates ((RO)2PO) or mixed ammonium and phosphonium groups (N+R3Cl–, P+Ph3Cl–). Phosphonates groups and quaternary ammonium salts were grafted on the “gel-type” copolymer by Michaelis–Becker polymer analogue reaction. Mixed polymer-supported ammonium and phosphonium salts were obtained by transquaternization of the ammonium groups to phosphonium group. The degrees of functionalization for obtained polymers were relatively high ensuring a sufficient concentration of active centers per unit mass of the copolymer. The obtained materials were characterized by thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. The effects of OR1 and R2 radicals from phosphonate and respectively ammonium groups, as well as those of glutaraldehyde utilization on the immobilization yield and the catalytic properties of the supported enzymes were indicated. The activity of enzymes increased after immobilization and high immobilization yield was obtained for all the samples. The higher interaction of enzymes with support was indicated for mixed ammonium and phosphonium functions. A higher catalytic activity was obtained for peroxidase in oxidation of phenol and laccase in oxidation of anisole. The low effect of glutaraldehyde on enzyme activity reveals the strong interaction of enzyme with the polymer support, respectively with the functional groups.
Generalized binomial distribution in photon statistics
Authors: Ilyin Aleksey
Published: November 2014

The photon-number distribution between two parts of a given volume is found for an arbitrary photon statistics. This problem is related to the interaction of a light beam with a macroscopic device, for example a diaphragm, that separates the photon flux into two parts with known probabilities. To solve this problem, a Generalized Binomial Distribution (GBD) is derived that is applicable to an arbitrary photon statistics satisfying probability convolution equations. It is shown that if photons obey Poisson statistics then the GBD is reduced to the ordinary binomial distribution, whereas in the case of Bose- Einstein statistics the GBD is reduced to the Polya distribution. In this case, the photon spatial distribution depends on the phase-space volume occupied by the photons. This result involves a photon bunching effect, or collective behavior of photons that sharply differs from the behavior of classical particles. It is shown that the photon bunching effect looks similar to the quantum interference effect.
Application of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
structures containing silicon nanocrystals in
radiation dosimetry
Authors: Nesheva Diana , Nedev Nikola , Curiel Mario , Dzhurkov Valeri , Arias Abraham , Manolov Emil , Mateos David , Valdez Benjamin , Bineva Irina , Herrera Rigoberto
Published: November 2014

This article makes a brief review of the most important
results obtained by the authors and their collaborators
during the last four years in the field of the development
of metal-insulator-silicon structures with dielectric
film containing silicon nanocrystals, which are suitable
for applications in radiation dosimetry. The preparation
of SiOx films is briefly discussed and the annealing
conditions used for the growth of silicon nanocrystals are
presented. A two-step annealing process for preparation
of metal-oxide-semiconductor structures with three-layer
gate dielectrics is described. Electron Microscopy investigations
prove the Si nanocrystals growth, reveal the crystal
spatial distribution in the gate dielectric and provide
evidences for the formation of a top SiO2 layerwhen applying
the two-step annealing. Two types of MOS structures
with three region gate dielectricswere fabricated and characterized
by high frequency capacitance/conductancevoltage
(C/G-V) measurements. The effect of gamma and
ultraviolet radiation on the flatband voltage of preliminary
charged metal-oxide-semiconductor structures is investigated
and discussed.
Kantowski-Sachs Cosmological model with quark and strange
quark matter in f(R) theory of gravity
Authors: Adhav Kishor S. , Bansod Abhijit S. , Munde Samadhan L.
Published: November 2014

In this paper we have studied the Kantowski-
Sachs cosmological model with the quark and strange
quark matter in the f (R) theory of gravity. The general solutions
of the field equations are obtained by assuming the
physical condition shear scalar σ is proportional to scalar
expansion θ, which leads to the relation B = An between
metric coefficients B and A. The physical and geometrical
aspects of the model are also discussed.
Schrödinger spectrum generated by the Cornell potential
Authors: Hall Richard L. , Saad Nasser
Published: November 2014

The eigenvalues Ed
nl (a, c) of the d-dimensional Schrödinger equation with the Cornell potential V(r) = −a/r + c r, a, c > 0 are analyzed by means of the envelope method and the asymptotic iteration method (AIM). Scaling arguments show that it is suffcient to know E(1, λ), and the envelope method provides analytic bounds for the equivalent complete set of coupling functions λ(E). Meanwhile the easily-implemented AIM procedure yields highly accurate numerical eigenvalues with little computational effort.
Harnack inequalities and applications for functional SDEs driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Li Zhi , Luo Jiaowan
Published: November 2014

In this paper, Harnack inequalities are established for stochastic functional differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H < 1/2. As applications, the strong Feller property, the log-Harnack inequality and the entropy-cost inequality are given. We also get the derivative estimate and give the corresponding Harnack inequality.
Tipping the MYC–MIZ1 balance: targeting the HUWE1 ubiquitin ligase selectively blocks MYC‐activated genes
Authors: Schaub Franz X , Cleveland John L
Published: November 2014

MYC family oncoproteins (MYC, N‐MYC and L‐MYC) function as basic helix‐loop‐helix‐leucine zipper (bHLH‐Zip) transcription factors that are activated (i.e., overexpressed) in well over half of all human malignancies (Boxer & Dang, ; Beroukhim et al, ). In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Eilers and colleagues (Peter et al, ) describe a novel approach to disable MYC, whereby inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 stabilizes MIZ1 and leads to the selective repression of MYC‐activated target genes.
Quantification of cytosolic interactions identifies Ede1 oligomers as key organizers of endocytosis
Authors: Boeke Dominik , Trautmann Susanne , Meurer Matthias , Wachsmuth Malte , Godlee Camilla , Knop Michael , Kaksonen Marko
Published: November 2014

Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis is a highly conserved intracellular trafficking pathway that depends on dynamic protein–protein interactions between up to 60 different proteins. However, little is known about the spatio‐temporal regulation of these interactions. Using fluorescence (cross)‐correlation spectroscopy in yeast, we tested 41 previously reported interactions in vivo and found 16 to exist in the cytoplasm. These detected cytoplasmic interactions included the self‐interaction of Ede1, homolog of mammalian Eps15. Ede1 is the crucial scaffold for the organization of the early stages of endocytosis. We show that oligomerization of Ede1 through its central coiled coil domain is necessary for its localization to the endocytic site and we link the oligomerization of Ede1 to its function in locally concentrating endocytic adaptors and organizing the endocytic machinery. Our study sheds light on the importance of the regulation of protein–protein interactions in the cytoplasm for the assembly of the endocytic machinery in vivo.