bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A POM-based copper-coordination polymer crystal material for phenolic compound degradation by immobilizing horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Lu Ying , Zhang Tong , Zhang Yue-Xian , Sang Xiao-Jing , Su Fang , Zhu Zai-Ming , Zhang Lan-Cui
Published: September 2021

A polyoxometalate-based organic–inorganic hybrid Cu-coordination polymer crystal material synthesized hydrothermally shows a good HRP loading capacity and mineralization ability towards phenolic compounds.
Metal complexes against breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Li Yingsi , Liu Boxin , Shi Hongdong , Wang Yi , Sun Qi , Zhang Qianling
Published: September 2021

With the highest incidence, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the world.
Building-level wastewater surveillance using tampon swabs and RT-LAMP for rapid SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection
Authors: Bivins Aaron , Lott Megan , Shaffer Marlee , Wu Zhenyu , North Devin , Lipp Erin K. , Bibby Kyle
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated a passive sampling and rapid LAMP detection of SARS-CoV-2 for near-source (i.e., building-level) wastewater based epidemiology applications.
Tightly linked morpholino-nucleoside chimeras: new, compact cationic oligonucleotide analogues
Authors: Debreczeni Nóra , Bege Miklós , Herczeg Mihály , Bereczki Ilona , Batta Gyula , Herczegh Pál , Borbás Anikó
Published: September 2021

The synthesis of oligonucleotide analogues consisting of morpholino and a ribo- or deoxyribonucleoside in which the 5'-amino group of the nucleoside unit provides the nitrogen to the morpholine ring is described.
A novel approach to bis(1,3-azol-2-yl)acetonitriles and bis(1,3-azol-2-yl)methanes via the [3 + 2]-dipolar cycloaddition of imidazole N-oxides and 2-heteroaryl-3,3-dimethylacrylonitriles
Authors: Kutasevich Anton V. , Niktarov Anton S. , Uvarova Ekaterina S. , Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Mityanov Vitaly S.
Published: September 2021

Bis(heteroaryl)methanes with imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole units are easily obtained via this new methodology based on using imidazole N-oxides.
La(OTf)3 facilitated self-condensation of 2-indolylmethanol: construction of highly substituted indeno[1,2-b]indoles
Authors: Tang Zhicong , Hong Gang , Hu Chen , Wang Qi , Zhong Yi , Gong Yu , Yang Peng , Wang Limin
Published: September 2021

A route to indeno[1,2-b]indole by self-condensation is reported; its synthetic utility has been demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis and potential fluorescence applications.
Unprecedented icosahedral clusters built of polyantimony: from single [Ni0.5@{Sb6Ni6(CO)8}]4− and [Ni@{Sb7Ni5(CO)6}]3− to the Sb84−-linked dimer [(Sb8){Sb7Ni5(CO)4}2]6−
Authors: Lin Lifang , Chen Shan , Lu Zhihao , Xu Li
Published: September 2021

First icosahedral clusters built of polyantimony were prepared from the reactions of K2ZnSb and Ni(CO)2(PPh3)2. Sb84−-linked dimer provides a new way of thinking for the synthesis of hybrid clusters datively coordinated by polydentate Zintl anions.
Dielectric switching, SHG response and Pd(ii) adsorption of a multifunctional phase-transition complex
Authors: Wang Yu-Zhen , Shi Ping-Ping , Xu Ke , He Lei , Meng Xin , Ye Qiong
Published: September 2021

One-dimensional coordination polymer [(C2H4OH)C4H9NS]CdCl3 has the performance of dielectric switching and SHG response. And the compound can adsorb precious Pd(ii) and the adsorption could be monitored by dielectric anomaly and SHG signal.
Advanced XPS characterization: XPS-based multi-technique analyses for comprehensive understanding of functional materials
Authors: Isaacs Mark A. , Davies-Jones Josh , Davies Philip R. , Guan Shaoliang , Lee Roxy , Morgan David J. , Palgrave Robert
Published: September 2021

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has achieved maturity as an analytical technique in the materials community, however as made apparent by recent reviews highlighting it's misuse, it is a practice which is often misunderstood.
Effect of applied voltage on membrane fouling in the amplifying anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor for long-term operation
Authors: Cao Mengjing , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2021

A novel and amplifying anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor was constructed and operated for a long time (204 days) with synthetic glucose solution having an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 315 mg L−1, at different applied voltages and room temperatures.
Methods of hexagonal boron nitride exfoliation and its functionalization: covalent and non-covalent approaches
Authors: Gautam Chandkiram , Chelliah Selvam
Published: September 2021

Synthesis methods for the exfoliation of BNNSs and BNNS functionalization methods are reviewed.
Solar self-powered wireless charging pavement—a review on photovoltaic pavement and wireless charging for electric vehicles
Authors: Zhou Bochao , Pei Jianzhong , Calautit John Kaiser , Zhang Jiupeng , Guo Fucheng
Published: September 2021

The world today is facing an energy crisis, which has promoted the development and utilization of renewable energy, of which solar energy has the greatest potential.
Nano-zirconia boosting the ionic conductivity and lithium dendrite inhibition ability of a poly(1,3-dioxolane) solid electrolyte for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Deng Bin , Jing Mao-xiang , Li Lin-xin , Li Rui , Yang Hua , Ju Bo-wei , Shen Xiang-qian
Published: September 2021

YSZ nanoparticles greatly enhanced the ionic conductivity and lithium dendrite inhibition ability of a PDOL solid electrolyte membrane.
Asteroseismogyrometry of low-mass red giants
Authors: Pijpers F. P. , Di Mauro M. P. , Ventura R.
Published: September 2021

Context. During the past 10 years, the unprecedented quality and frequency resolution of asteroseismic data provided by space photometry have revolutionised the study of red-giant stars providing us with the possibility to probe the interior of thousands of these targets.

Aims. Our aim is to present an asteroseismic tool which allows one to determine the total angular momentum of stars, without an a priori inference of their internal rotational profile.

Methods. We adopted the asteroseismic inversion technique developed for the case of the Sun and adapted it to red giants. The method was tested assuming different artificial sets of data, also including modes with harmonic degree l ≥ 2.

Results. We estimate with an accuracy of 14.5% the total angular momentum of the red-giant star KIC 4448777 observed by Kepler during the first four consecutive years of operation.

Conclusions. Our results indicate that the measurement of the total angular momentum of red-giant stars can be determined with a fairly high precision by means of asteroseismology by using a small set of rotational splittings of only dipolar modes; they also show that our method, based on observations of stellar pulsations, provides a powerful mean for testing and modelling the transport of angular momentum in stars.
Indonesian natural rubber export potential in European market
Authors: Dhamira Aura , Yoga Prasada Imade
Published: September 2021

Indonesia is one of the largest natural rubber exporters in the world. On the other hand, the potential for natural rubber in the world market is enormous. The Asian continent is the largest market for Indonesian natural rubber, followed by American and European markets. Currently there have been many studies on the competitiveness of Indonesian natural rubber exports to the international market, but so far there has not been much research on the competitiveness and potential of rubber exports specifically to European countries. This study aims to determine the competitiveness and the potential of Indonesian natural rubber in European countries, namely Germany, France, and Spain. The method used in this study is descriptive analytics, meanwhile Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) was used to determine Indonesia’s competitiveness in each of the partner countries, on the other hand Export Product Dynamic (EPD) was used to determine the performance of Indonesian natural rubber in partner countries. The RCA index shows that Indonesia has competitive advantages in the partner countries, and the EPD matrix indicated that Indonesia is in a rising star position in the German, French and Spanish markets. To strengthen this position, Indonesia needs to increase their export value through the increase in production.
Land elevation and slope exposition impacts on rubber wood production volume under agroforestry system
Authors: Bakri Samsul , Wulandari Christine , Jamal Rusita , Zhafira Ghina
Published: September 2021

As the senile phase due and causes depeleting latex productivity, the rubberwood stands can still be claimed as carbon sequestration under the REDD+ Scheme. This is also to maintain vegetation cover in protected forests, beside for fostering social forestry (HKm) sustainability as well. Nowadays the role of genetic and environment factors on latex production have widely revealed by some researchers, but lack on wood production especially for the effect of land elevation and slope exposition against solar beam radiation so need to research. Ordinary Least Square employed at 95% significant level, the respond variable was the volume wood production per tree, whereas the predictor were land elevation in an-100 m above sea level, land slope expositions that were decomposed into 4 categories with the reference of the compass direction in between 3370.30’ to 225.50 follow needle clock’s direction while the three other directions were the westward, southwest ward, and northwest ward. Air humidity and temperature also incorporated to control model error. Data collected by surveying to 75 parcels at HKm area Mangga Joyo located in Way Kanan Regency. Parameter optimization used Minitab 16. The result suggest that wood volume average: (1) increase significantly by 0.02205m3 for every 100m higher elevation, but (2) decrease significantly by 0.21532 m3 which for westward land exposition compare to the eastward one.
Rubber Agroforestry Experiments in Jambi at the end of a 25-Year Cycle
Authors: Ratna Akiefnawati , Meine van Noordwijk , Hesti Lestari Tata
Published: September 2021

The rubber agroforestry experiments in Jambi started with the theory of change that productive clonal rubber could be economically used in low-labour intensity rubber agroforests, allowing selective retention of forest species or planted fruit trees in interrows. At the end of what was expected to be a 25-year production cycle we revisited the farmers (or their next generation), recorded what had happened to the plot and registered farmer plans for a way forward. Qualitatively, the results showed a wide range of directions of actual change. The envisaged plots, with full-grown tapped rubber in a secondary forest setting did occur – but as exception rather than rule. Some plots had early on been converted to oil palm when white root rot disease killed many of the rubber trees. Others were in a gradual transition to oil palm, already interplanted, or depended on natural regeneration of rubber within the plot for the trees currently being tapped. Some plots had been completely destroyed as the land was sold to a local coal-mine developer. Overall tapping frequency was low, as farmgate rubber prices have in recent years been low and farmers had other options (including participating in small-scale gold mining). Farmer experience with the various clones tested led to mixed opinions on which (if any) of the clones introduced were superior to what farmers used in the past (and what still regenerates in the landscape). GT1, a robust clone, was seen as hardly more productive as local germplasm, the PB260 and BPM1 clone were productive, but especially PB260 clone sensitive to white root rot disease. The quality of rubber wood was a concern for some farmers. The most successful intervention, from farmers’ as well as environmental perspective, has probably been the interplanting of meranti (Shorea leprosula) or tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) trees in young rubber stands, with good prospects for generating substantial income.
Development of Shading Tolerant Rice Varieties Suitable for Intercropping Cultivation in Agroforestry Systems
Authors: Hairmansis Aris , Yullianida Yullianida , Hermanasari Rini , Lestari Angelita Puji
Published: September 2021

The Indonesian government continuously strives to increase rice production in an effort to meet the staple food needs of almost 270 million people and to turn Indonesia to become a rice exporter country. One of the strategic efforts is to expand the planted area of rice outside irrigated rice areas. Upland is one of the potential areas that continues to be developed to support the increase of national rice production. While upland is not an ideal ecosystem for rice plants to grow, the opportunity to produce rice in this ecosystem is promising, especially using rice as an intercropping in plantation. This effort requires the availability of adaptive varieties to low light intensity conditions. The breeding program to develop shade-tolerant rice varieties has been carried out by the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) through the conventional breeding program. Breeding populations were produced by crossing local varieties, national leading varieties and introduced varieties. The selection of shading adaptive lines was carried out using both artificial shading and natural shading in the target plantation areas. New shade tolerant rice varieties have been recently released, namely Rindang 1 Agritan and Rindang 2 Agritan which have the potential to be utilized by farmers for intercropping rice cultivation in the agroforestry systems.
Study on longitudinal stability of ducted vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV
Authors: Wang Chunyang , Zhou Zhou , Wang Rui , Wang Kelei
Published: September 2021

The longitudinal flight stability of the ducted vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV during the flight state of hovering and transition is studied. Firstly, based on the Blade-Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) and experimental data, a coaxial dual-rotor ducted aerodynamic model and a thrust ducted aerodynamic model based on characteristic cross-section calculations are established. The model parameters are identified according to the experimental data. Secondly, a UAV flight dynamics model with thrust duct deflection is established according to the six-degree-of-freedom equations. Finally, the case UAV was used to solve the longitudinal balance and stability analysis of hovering and transition state with the established model method, and compared with the hovering experimental results. The results show that the UAV flight dynamics model combined with the ducted dynamic model established in the article can accurately describe the longitudinal flight stability characteristics of this type of aircraft.
Effect of turbulence intensity and gradient of turbulence intensity on airfoil aerodynamic characteristics at low Reynolds number
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhou Zhou , Li Xu
Published: September 2021

Based on the complex flow field of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft with distributed propulsion, the influence of the turbulence intensity and gradient of turbulence intensity on the aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional airfoil under low Reynolds number was studied by solving the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) Equation based on the c-type structural mesh and γ-Reθt transition model. The aerodynamic characteristics of NACA0012 airfoil at different turbulence intensities and Reynolds numbers are simulated and compared with the experimental data, which verifies the reliability of the low Reynolds number calculation method. Meanwhile, the effects of the different low Reynolds number and gradient of turbulence intensity on the aero-dynamic characteristics of airfoil are studied, and the effect mechanism of the turbulence on the flow field around airfoil is analyzed. It shows that the flow characteristics of the airfoil with high turbulence or Reynolds number are more stable, the separation bubble size is smaller, the flow separation is delayed, and the stall angle of attack is larger, but the effect of the two mechanisms on the earlier transition is different. The influence of the turbulence gradient on the airfoil is limited by the Reynolds number, and the flow separation, transition and reattachment of the airfoil with high turbulence gradient are advance. The generation and evolution of the laminar separation bubble are closely related to the turbulence intensity and Reynolds number, and its scale and location also affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil.
Exploring three-dimensional edge-based smoothed finite element method based on polyhedral mesh to study elastic mechanics problems
Authors: Yang Jian , Xie Wei , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: September 2021

This paper established the three-dimensional edge-based smoothed finite element method(ES-FEM) based on polyhedral mesh, divided the smoothed domain, constructed the shape function and derived the geometric matrix and the stiffness matrix. The MATLAB software was used to prepare the corresponding computing programs, with which the paper studied the stress distribution of a hollow sphere model and a beam model under different numbers of polyhedral elements. The paper compared the calculation results from the conventional finite element methods(FEM) that use tetrahedral elements and hexahedral elements respectively in terms of stress relative error and energy relative error. The comparison results show that the three-dimensional ES-FEM based on polyhedral mesh has better precision and convergence than the conventional FEM and better adaptability to complex geometric structures.
An ant colony algorithm model for UAV sense and avoid based on ADS-B
Authors: Yuan Mengting , Shi Hongwei
Published: September 2021

In the context of airspace fusion, in order to improve the safety performance of UAV and prevent the occurrence of air collision accidents, an ant colony algorithm model for UAV sense and avoid based on ADS-B monitoring technology is proposed. The model mainly consists of two parts: the deterministic conflict detection model makes the full use of ADS-B information to calculate the geometric distance from the horizontal and vertical planes to identify the conflict target, and the conflict resolution model is based on the ant colony algorithm which introduces the comprehensive heuristic function and sorting mechanism to plan the route again for achieving the collision avoidance. The simulation results show that the conflict detection model can effectively identify the possible threat targets, and the conflict resolution model is not only suitable for the typical two aircraft conflict scenarios, but also can provide a better resolution strategy for the complex multiple aircraft conflict scenarios.
Numerical study on the steady suction active flow control of hydrofoil in the profile of the blended-wing-body underwater glider
Authors: Du Xiaoxu , Zhang Lianying
Published: September 2021

The hydrodynamic performance of the blended-wing-body underwater glider can be improved by opening a hole on the surface and applying the steady suction active flow control. In order to explore the influence law and mechanism of the steady suction active flow control on the lift and drag performance of the hydrofoil, which is the profile of the blended-wing-body underwater glider, based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and SST k-ω turbulence model, the steady suction active flow control of hydrofoil under different conditions is studied, which include three suction factors: suction angle, suction position and suction ratio, as well as three different flow states: no stall, critical stall and over stall. Then the influence mechanism in over stall flow state is further analyzed. The results show that the flow separation state of NACA0015 hydrofoil can be effectively restrained and the flow field distribution around it can be improved by a reasonable steady suction, so as to the lift-drag performance of NACA0015 hydrofoil is improved. The effect of increasing lift and reducing drag of steady suction is best at 90° suction angle and symmetrical about 90° suction angle, and it is better when the steady suction position is closer to the leading edge of the hydrofoil. In addition, with the increase of the suction ratio, the influence of steady suction on the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of hydrofoil is greater.
Research on dynamic response of subsea control system based on partial correlation analysis
Authors: Jia Peng , Zhang Zhehua , Wang Xiangyu , Qu Yongzhe , Zhang Hao , Wang Honghai
Published: September 2021

In this article, taking a specific underwater hydraulic system as the research object, a closed loop circuit and a closed non-loop circuit simulation models are established; and through a single factor analysis, the interior factors such as different pipeline damping settings, underwater accumulators and actuators, and external factors such as water depth and return distance are analyzed. System response curves of these factors are obtained. Based on the single-factor simulation data, the partial correlation theory is used to analyze the correlation of the influencing factors of the control response for the underwater hydraulic system, and the order of the main factors affecting the control response of the underwater hydraulic system is obtained, which provides a reference for improving the response of the underwater hydraulic system.
Experimental study on the performance of ultra high pressure common rail system
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhou Lei , Wang Gang , Nie Tao , Wu Xin
Published: September 2021

In order to overcome the difficulties of high pressure source design and parts integration in the injector, realizing the ultra high pressure injection and controllable fuel injection rate, an ultra high pressure common rail system based on domestic basic materials and manufacturing technology level was proposed and designed. The working principle of this system was first introduced; the performance test bench of ultra high pressure common rail system was built. Then, the influence of pressure-amplifier device structure parameters on the pressurization pressure peak was analyzed quantitatively, and on the basis of selecting the most appropriate combination of parameters, the pressure and fuel injection rate control characteristics were conducted. The results show that ultra high pressure common rail system can magnify fuel pressure to ultra high pressure state (more than 200 MPa) and by changing the control signal timing of pressure-amplifier device and injector solenoid valve, the flexible and controllable fuel injection rate can be achieved. Under the condition of the same pressurization ratio, the peak value of pressurization pressure increases gradually, and with the increase of pressurization ratio, the increasing trend of the pressurization pressure peak value is nonlinear. At the same time, under the same condition of spring preload, the greater of the spring stiffness, the higher of the rail base pressure can bear, that means the pressure-amplifier device can achieve pressurization at a higher base pressure. But if the spring stiffness is too large, the solenoid valve of pressure-amplifier device will not be opened due to insufficient electromagnetic force, so the specific selection should be considered in a compromise.
Orthorexia nervosa – Zeiterscheinung oder Krankheitsbild?
Authors: Dommermuth Yvonne , Hermann Rita
Published: September 2021

Viele Menschen möchten sich ausgewogen und gesund ernähren. Wird dies zu einer Obsession und kommt es zu einer besonders intensiven, zwanghaften und mit Angst belegten Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Thema, sprechen Experten von einer Orthorexia nervosa. Derzeit herrscht noch viel Unklarheit über dieses krankhafte Essverhalten; dieses ist daher Gegenstand zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen.
Der Offene Dialog im Rahmen des Aufnahmemanagements
Authors: Waldschmidt Maximilian-Erik
Published: September 2021

Wie lässt sich eine bedürfnisorientierte Klinikaufnahme gestalten? Basierend auf der Methode des Offenen Dialogs hat unser Autor ein Konzept entwickelt, das bei der Aufnahme zur stationären Akutbehandlung bedarfsgerecht eingesetzt werden kann.
Geschlechtssensible Aktivierung von demenziellen Menschen in Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: Morgenstern Ulrike , Riedel Stefan
Published: September 2021

Profitieren ältere und hochbetagte Demenzerkrankte in Pflegeeinrichtungen von einer geschlechtssensiblen Aktivierung im Sitzen? Wie wirkt sich diese Intervention auf die kognitiven und körperlichen Fähigkeiten von Frauen und Männern aus? Eine Studie liefert Antworten.
Reisediarrhö
Authors: Sasse Melanie , Reinhardt Fabian , Lübbert Christoph
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?

Erregerspektrum, Verlauf, Therapieoptionen Prinzipiell können Bakterien, Viren oder Parasiten eine Reisediarrhö verursachen. Im Vordergrund steht die symptomatische Behandlung der Reisediarrhö. Krankheitsbild und Erregerart beeinflussen das weitere Vorgehen.

Diagnostik Eine spezifische Erregerdiagnostik ist bei unkomplizierten Durchfällen mit häufiger Selbstlimitierung meist nicht erforderlich. Kommt es zu prolongierten und blutigen Durchfällen, Fieber oder Exsikkose, ist eine spezielle Diagnostik indiziert.

Präventionsmaßnahmen und reisemedizinische Beratung Umfassend und qualifiziert sollte sie vor jeder größeren Fernreise stattfinden und Präventionsmaßnahmen, Malaria-Chemoprophylaxe, Impfungen, Möglichkeiten der Selbsttherapie und Verhalten bei reiseassoziierten Erkrankungen beinhalten.

Therapiestrategien Sie umfassen den Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytausgleich, die Gabe von Antidiarrhoika und die antimikrobielle Therapie.
The Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain Characteristics, and Activity
Levels of Caregivers During the Rehabilitation Process and the Consequences on
Sleep Condition, Health Status, and Quality of Life
Authors: Şan Ayça Uran , Çakiryilmaz Ahmet Onur , Köylü Sinem Uyar , Atan Tuğba , Kesikburun Serdar , Güzelküçük Ümüt , Tan Arif Kenan
Published: September 2021

Objective Taking care of a patient
can significantly impact both physical and psychological statuses of caregivers.
This study aimed to examine musculoskeletal problems, health status, and quality of
life of caregivers. This study is novel in determining musculoskeletal disorders,
pain characteristics, activity levels, sleep condition, general and psychological
health statuses, and quality of life of caregivers.

Design A cross-sectional study

Patients and Methods A total of 240 participants were enrolled in this
prospective and cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary rehabilitation center
(patients, n = 120; caregivers, n = 120). The demographic and
clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded during the evaluation
process. The Functional Ambulation Classification Scale (FAS) and Barthel Scale
scores of the patients were determined. The pain level of the caregivers was
evaluated according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The International Physical
Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)–short form was used to evaluate
caregivers’ activity levels. The quality of life of caregivers was evaluated
with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Scales score
(WHOQOL-BREF). The anxiety and depression status of the caregivers were interpreted
using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, The health level of the caregivers
was evaluated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire.

Results A
statistically significant positive correlation was found between the duration of
caregiving (hours per week) and the pain duration of the caregiver (month) (P
= 0.000, r = 0.766). the caregivers who provided longer-term care
for their patients (hours per week) had higher VAS scores (P = 0.000, r
= 0.944). A significant reverse correlation was found between the duration
of caregiving (hours per week) and IPAQ-Walking MET (metabolic equivalent) scores
(minutes/week) (P = 0.000, r = –0.811). On the
contrary, a positive significant association was detected between the duration of
caregiving (hours per week) and IPAQ-Vigorous MET scores (minutes/week) due
to the caregiving activities of the patients such as lifting, positioning, and so
forth. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of
caregiving (hours per week) and Hospital Depression Scale scores (P = 0.000,
r = 0.394), Hospital Anxiety Scale scores (P = 0.000, r =
0.548), and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (P = 0.000, r =
0.415).

Conclusion Providing protective exercise programs, including walking
activity, to caregivers and organizing education programs that include caregiving
techniques can positively affect the quality of life of caregivers.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Lichen Moth, Miltochrista calamine, and Its Diastereomer
Authors: Zhong Jiangchun , Yuan Gucheng , Liu Jiawei , Yu Shihang , Wang Xueyang , Bian Qinghua , Wang Min
Published: September 2021

The synthesis of a Miltochrista calamine sex pheromone and its diastereomer has been developed. The key steps of the synthetic approach involved Evans’ chiral auxiliaries and the addition of alkyne to aldehyde, which were firstly applied to prepare this sex pheromone and its diastereomer. The synthetic sex pheromone could be used to trap insects and study physiological and ecological questions of the lichen moth.
7,10-Dibromo-2,3-dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene Aggregates as a Photosensitizer for Nickel-Catalyzed Aryl Esterification
Authors: Yu Xiaoqiang , He Min , Yang Shilei , Bao Ming
Published: September 2021

Self-assembled aggregates of 7,10-dibromo-2,3-dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene which act as a new organophotocatalyst in combination with Ni catalyst for the Caryl–Oacyl cross-coupling reactions of carboxylic acids with aryl halides are described. This visible-light-induced Caryl–Oacyl bond-formation reaction proceeds smoothly to afford aryl esters with satisfactory to excellent yields.
Role of Serum and Urinary Hepcidin in Young Females of Reproductive Age in North India
Authors: Laller Shaveta , Patel Seema , Haldar Deepa
Published: September 2021

Introduction Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world affecting young females of the reproductive age group. Indeed, an ideal screening test should be capable of identifying iron deficiency long before developing anemia. Henceforth, the present study was aimed to determine utility of hepcidin in iron deficiency and to see its correlation with different iron indices.

Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India. It included 200 nonpregnant female students aged between 18 and 25 years. Estimation of hepcidin was by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative estimation of serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation was done via semi-autoanalyzer. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v22.

Results The reference range of urinary hepcidin established in this study was 110 to 969 ng/mg creatinine (mean ± standard deviation 328.3 ± 195.07 ng/mg creatinine). Serum hepcidin and urinary hepcidin had a significant correlation with iron indices. Area under the curve of urinary hepcidin was obtained with best combination of diagnostic sensitivity (82.6%) and specificity (83.1%) at a cutoff value of > 15.7 ng/mL and ≤ 199 ng/mg, respectively.

Conclusion Since ferritin, TIBC, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin each represent different aspects of iron metabolism, incorporating hepcidin in the present diagnostics and combined evaluation of these indices may accord enhanced clinical information. Hepcidin would help to stratify the vulnerable young healthy female population in early stages of iron deficiency and guide proper interventions to reduce morbidity.
TRIB3-Regulated Akt Signal Pathway Affects Trophoblast Invasion in the Development of Preeclampsia
Authors: Sui Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xu-Feng , Zhang Ya
Published: September 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to explore the mechanism of tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3)-regulated Akt pathway in the development of preeclampsia (PE).

Study Design TRIB3 expression in the placenta of PE patient was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Then HTR-8/SVneo or JEG-3 cells were transfected and divided into Mock, Control siRNA, TRIB3 siRNA-1, and TRIB3 siRNA-2 groups. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were determined by MTT assay, Transwell assay, and wound healing test, while the expression of TRIB3 and Akt pathway was measured by western blotting. PE rats were treated with TRIB3 siRNA, and blood pressure, 24-hour urinary protein, as well as serum levels of sFlt-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured.

Results The placenta of PE patients presented with increased TRIB3 expression. In comparison with Mock group, the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells in TRIB3 siRNA-1 group and TRIB3 siRNA-2 group increased, with decreased TRIB3 expression but enhanced expression of p-Akt/Akt, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Rats in PE group showed increases in mean arterial pressure, SBP, 24-hour urinary protein, and serum sFlt-1 levels, but decreases in serum VEGF levels, fetal weight, and placental efficiency. Moreover, TRIB3 expression was upregulated, while p-Akt/Akt was downregulated in the placenta of rats in PE group. However, indicators above were significantly improved in rats treated with TRIB3 siRNA.

Conclusion TRIB3 was upregulated in the PE placenta, while silencing TRIB3 activated the Akt signaling pathway to promote the invasion and migration of trophoblast both in vitro and in vivo and ameliorated the development of PE symptoms in the PE rat model.

Key Points
Latest values of fundamental physics constants
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: September 2021

Committee on Data of the International Science Council recommends the latest values of constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry based on a least-squares adjustment
Complex viscosity of star-branched macromolecules from analytical general rigid bead-rod theory
Authors: Coombs S. J. , Kanso M. A. , El Haddad K. , Giacomin A. J.
Published: September 2021

The complex viscosity of planar star-branched polymers has been derived from general rigid bead-rod theory, but only for singly-beaded arms. Here, we explore the respective roles of branch functionality, arm length, and nonplanar arrangements, analytically from general rigid bead-rod theory. For nonplanar, we include polyhedral, both regular and irregular. Further, for all structures, we compare with and without the central bead. We fit the theory to complex viscosity measurements on polybutadiene solutions, one quadrafunctional star-branched, the other unbranched, of the same molecular weight (Mw=200 000 g/gmol). We learn that when general rigid bead-rod theory is applied to quadrafunctional polybutadiene, a slightly irregular center-beaded tetrahedron of interior angle 134° is required (with 1 360 000 g/gmol per bead) to describe its complex viscosity behavior.
Action spectroscopy of the isolated red Kaede fluorescent protein chromophore
Authors: Coughlan Neville J. A. , Stockett Mark H. , Kjær Christina , Ashworth Eleanor K. , Bulman Page Philip C. , Meech Stephen R. , Brøndsted Nielsen Steen , Blancafort Lluís , Hopkins W. Scott , Bull James N.
Published: September 2021

Incorporation of fluorescent proteins into biochemical systems has revolutionized the field of bioimaging. In a bottom-up approach, understanding the photophysics of fluorescent proteins requires detailed investigations of the light-absorbing chromophore, which can be achieved by studying the chromophore in isolation. This paper reports a photodissociation action spectroscopy study on the deprotonated anion of the red Kaede fluorescent protein chromophore, demonstrating that at least three isomers–assigned to deprotomers–are generated in the gas phase. Deprotomer-selected action spectra are recorded over the S1 ← S0 band using an instrument with differential mobility spectrometry coupled with photodissociation spectroscopy. The spectrum for the principal phenoxide deprotomer spans the 480–660 nm range with a maximum response at ≈610 nm. The imidazolate deprotomer has a blue-shifted action spectrum with a maximum response at ≈545 nm. The action spectra are consistent with excited state coupled-cluster calculations of excitation wavelengths for the deprotomers. A third gas-phase species with a distinct action spectrum is tentatively assigned to an imidazole tautomer of the principal phenoxide deprotomer. This study highlights the need for isomer-selective methods when studying the photophysics of biochromophores possessing several deprotonation sites.
Statistical characterization of free-stream turbulence induced transition under variable Reynolds number, free-stream turbulence, and pressure gradient
Authors: Dellacasagrande M. , Lengani D. , Simoni D. , Pralits J. O. , Durovich K. , Hanifi A. , Henningson D.
Published: September 2021

In this work, the free-stream turbulence (FST) induced transition of a flat plate boundary layer is studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) under variable Reynolds number (Re), FST intensity, and adverse pressure gradient (APG). Overall, 10 different flow conditions were tested concerning the variation of these parameters. The streak spacing and the probability density function (PDF) of turbulent spot nucleation are computed for all cases. The streak spacing is shown to be constant in the transition region once scaled with the turbulent displacement and momentum thickness, with resulting values of around 3 and 5, respectively. Nucleation events are shown to occur near the position where the dimensionless streak spacing reaches such constant values. The streamwise position where most turbulent spots are formed is strongly influenced by the FST intensity level. Additionally, the PDF of spot nucleation becomes narrower with increase in the APG, while FST has the opposite effect. A common distribution of all the PDFs is provided as a function of a similarity variable accounting for the streak spacing, the shape factor of the boundary layer, and the FST intensity.
The impact of reference composition and genome build on the accuracy of genotype imputation in Australian Angus cattle
Authors: Aliloo Hassan , Clark Samuel A.
Published: September 2021

Context Genotype imputation is an effective method to increase the number of SNP markers available for an animal and thereby increase the overall power of genome-wide associations and accuracy of genomic predictions. It is also the key to achieve a common set of markers for all individuals when the original genotypes are obtained using multiple genotyping platforms. High accuracy of imputed genotypes is crucial to their utility. Aims In this study, we propose a method for the construction of a common set of medium density markers for imputation, which relies on keeping as much information as possible. We also investigated the impact of changing marker coordinates on the basis of the new bovine genome assembly, ARS-UCD 1.2, on imputation accuracy. Methods In total, 49 754 animals with 45 364 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used in a 10-fold cross-validation to compare four different imputation scenarios. The four scenarios were based on two alternative designs for the reference datasets. (1) A traditional reference panel that was created using the overlapping SNP from five medium density arrays and (2) a composite reference panel created by combining SNPs across the five arrays. Each of the reference datasets was used to test imputation accuracy when the SNPs were aligned on the basis of two genome assemblies (UMD 3.1 and ARS-UCD 1.2). Key results Our results showed that a composite reference panel can achieve higher imputation accuracies than does a traditional overlap reference. Incorporating mapping information on the basis of the recent genome build slightly improved the imputation accuracies, especially for lower density chips. Conclusions Markers with unreliable mapping information and animals with low connectedness to the imputation reference dataset benefited the most from the ARS-UCD 1.2 assembly and composite reference respectively. Implications The presented method is straightforward and can be used to setup an optimal imputation for accurate inference of genotypes in Australian Angus cattle.
Modelling of beam energy absorbed locally in conduction mode laser metal fusion
Authors: Noori Rahim Abadi Seyyed Mohammad Ali , Mi Yongcui , Sikström Fredrik , Choquet Isabelle
Published: September 2021

Fluid dynamics models for laser material processing with metal fusion in conduction mode generally assume a constant absorptivity. This parameter is known to govern the process. However, it used to be pre-set by extrapolating absorptance measurements made at different conditions or adjusted to reproduce experimental bead shapes. In this study a new approach is developed. It consists in predicting the absorptance as a function of local surface conditions, including the surface temperature. The proposed absorptance model is applied to the metal alloy Ti-6Al-4V. It is found that the absorptance of this alloy changes with surface temperature over a wide range of beam incidence angles. Thermo-fluid simulations with tracking of the free-surface deformation are performed for conduction mode beam welding test cases with a Yb fibre laser and different travel speeds. It is found that the absorptivity coefficient commonly used for this process clearly underestimates the absorptance and the melt pool geometry predicted for the process conditions of this study. The computational results are also compared against experimental results and good quantitative agreement of the melt pool depth, width, length, free surface contour geometry, and the curvature of the end depression left after re-solidification at the laser switch-off location is obtained. The results show that the absorptance field predicted depends on the melt pool development stage, on the spatial location within the beam spot, and on the process conditions.
On backward attractors of interval maps*
Authors: Hantáková Jana , Roth Samuel
Published: September 2021

Special α-limit sets (sα-limit sets) combine together all accumulation points of all backward orbit branches of a point x under a noninvertible map. The most important question about them is whether or not they are closed. We challenge the notion of sα-limit sets as backward attractors for interval maps by showing that they need not be closed. This disproves a conjecture by Kolyada, Misiurewicz, and Snoha. We give a criterion in terms of Xiong’s attracting centre that completely characterizes which interval maps have all sα-limit sets closed, and we show that our criterion is satisfied in the piecewise monotone case. We apply Blokh’s models of solenoidal and basic ω-limit sets to solve four additional conjectures by Kolyada, Misiurewicz, and Snoha relating topological properties of sα-limit sets to the dynamics within them. For example, we show that the isolated points in a sα-limit set of an interval map are always periodic, the non-degenerate components are the union of one or two transitive cycles of intervals, and the rest of the sα-limit set is nowhere dense. Moreover, we show that sα-limit sets in the interval are always both F

σ
and G

δ
. Finally, since sα-limit sets need not be closed, we propose a new notion of β-limit sets to serve as backward attractors. The β-limit set of x is the smallest closed set to which all backward orbit branches of x converge, and it coincides with the closure of the sα-limit set. At the end of the paper we suggest several new problems about backward attractors.
Study on electronic properties and charge transfer doping of organic molecules adsorbed g-GaN monolayer
Authors: Shen Pengfei , Li Enling , Zhao Hongyuan , Cui Zhen , Shen Yang , Zhang Lin , Ma Deming
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional GaN has attracted much attention owing to its excellent electronic and photoelectric properties. Tuning charge transfer and electronic characteristics of g-GaN are essential to its applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, the electronic structures and charge transfer of organic molecules adsorbed g-GaN systems tetracyanoethylene (TCNE)/g-GaN, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)/g-GaN, and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)/g-GaN are explored based on first-principles. The results show that the TCNE and TCNQ molecules inject additional holes into g-GaN monolayer, and p-type doping is achieved in g-GaN monolayer. While a deep impurity level is introduced to TTF/g-GaN doping system, and the TTF injects minute quantities of additional electrons into g-GaN monolayer. The charge transfer and electronic characteristics of TCNE/g-GaN, TCNQ/g-GaN, and TTF/g-GaN doping systems are sensitive to applied vertical electric field. Our work has great potential for g-GaN application in nano electronic and photoelectric devices.
Initiation of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in the hospital setting: Practice models, challenges, and legal considerations
Authors: Mospan Geoffrey A , Chaplin Michelle
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To provide health-system pharmacists with published examples of strategies utilized to offer buprenorphine to inpatients with opioid use disorder (OUD) along with information on challenges and legal considerations.

Hospitals and emergency departments (EDs) are a constant source of healthcare for patients with OUD. As a result, hospital practitioners can screen, diagnose, begin treatment, and facilitate transfer of care to the outpatient setting. Offering sublingual buprenorphine in the hospital can bridge the gap before outpatient care is established. Multiple studies have shown that initiating treatment in the ED or during inpatient hospitalization results in 47% to 74% of patients utilizing medication-assisted treatment at day 30 of follow-up, statistically superior to the rates achieved with brief interventions or referral alone. Moreover, initiating buprenorphine treatment in the ED has been shown to decrease healthcare costs. Despite the benefits of offering buprenorphine in the inpatient setting, several challenges must be solved by hospital administration, such as achieving clinician readiness to prescribe buprenorphine, developing relationships with outpatient providers of buprenorphine, and creating an efficient workflow. Treatment of OUD with buprenorphine is heavily regulated on the federal level. Pharmacists can participate in the development of these programs and ensure compliance with applicable laws.

Conclusion

As health systems continue to care for patients with OUD, starting buprenorphine in the inpatient setting can improve the transition to outpatient treatment. Several institutions have developed programs with positive results. With an understanding of the typical barriers and relevant laws when initiating buprenorphine in the hospital setting, health-system pharmacists can assist in the development and operation of these initiatives.