bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of Nurses’ Knowledge about Palliative Care in West Bank/ Palestine: Levels and Influencing Factors
Authors: Toqan Dalia , Malak Malakeh Z. , Ayed Ahmad , Hamaideh Shaher H. , Al-amer Rasmieh
Published: October 2022

Objective: Healthcare professionals particularly nurses should be professionally prepared with knowledge about the standards of palliative care and their roles in providing palliative care. Nurses’ knowledge about palliative care and influencing factors has not been examined adequately in Arab countries including Palestine. Thus, this study aimed to assess the adequacy of knowledge level and influencing factors (socio-demographic) about palliative care among nurses in West Bank/ Palestine. Methods: A descriptive-correlational design was utilized. A cluster random sampling method was applied to select 12 hospitals from the three regions in West Bank. Then, four hospitals were selected from each region using a simple random method. All registered nurses working in critical care units and medical and surgical wards in the selected hospitals were recruited. The sample consists of 424 registered nurses and data were collected using Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN). Results: The Findings revealed that nurses’ level of knowledge about palliative care was low/inadequate (M = 7.75, SD = 2.96). Knowledge about palliative care was influenced by age (B = −.106; p < 0.05), gender (B = −.223; p < 0.001), and hospital ward (B = −.597; p < 0.001), in which younger nurses, females, and those who work in critical care units reported higher levels of knowledge about palliative care. Conclusions: Findings of this study emphasized the need for developing educational and training courses, seminars, and workshops on palliative care to increase nurses’ knowledge in order to enhance the quality of patient care. Also, policymakers should develop national strategic plans and policies regarding palliative care and apply these plans in all hospitals in West Bank/ Palestine.
Association Between Daily Average of Mobility Achieved During Physical Therapy Sessions and Hospital-Acquired or Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia among Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Qi Wei , Murphy Terrence E. , Doyle Margaret M. , Ferrante Lauren E.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonias (HAP and VAP) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Immobility is a risk factor for developing ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW). Early mobilization is associated with improved physical function, but its association with hospital-acquired (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAP) is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between daily average of highest level of mobility achieved during physical therapy (PT) and incidence of HAP or VAP among critically ill patients.

Materials and Methods

In a retrospective cohort study of progressive mobility program participants in the medical ICU, we used a validated method to abstract new diagnoses of HAP and VAP. We captured scores on a mobility scale achieved during each inpatient physical therapy session and used a Bayesian, discrete time-to-event model to evaluate the association between daily average of highest level of mobility achieved and occurrence of HAP or VAP.

Results

The primary outcome of HAP/VAP occurred in 55 (26.8%) of the 205 participants. Each increase in the daily average of highest level of mobility achieved during PT (0-6 mobility scale) exhibited a protective association with occurrence of HAP or VAP (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.61; 95% CI 0.44, 0.85). Age, baseline ambulatory status, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and previous day's mechanical ventilation (MV) status were not significantly associated with the occurrence of HAP/VAP.

Conclusions

Among critically ill patients in a progressive mobility program, a higher daily average of highest level of mobility achieved during PT was associated with a decreased risk of HAP or VAP.
Experimental and theoretical assessment of surface tension using different biodiesels at elevated temperature
Authors: Yadav Prem Shanker , Gautam Raghvendra
Published: October 2022

The rheological property of biodiesel is determined by the methods of production, which constitute an important role in atomization, combustion, performance, and emission. Surface tension has a major contribution to droplet size in atomization characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the surface tension to enhance atomization. The surface tension of six biodiesels, Karanja, jatropha, soybean, palm, sunflower, and rapeseed oil, was measured experimentally and compared with three mathematical models, including the MacLeod–Sugden model, the Gibbs free energy model, and the Dalton type mass average model using MATLAB software. One more parameter was added to the Gibbs free model, which showed results that were more similar to experimental results. The proposed models use the temperature range of 300 to 360 K on changes in biodiesel properties. The study showed that the Gibbs free energy model exhibited a 1.6% to 6.8% error, the MacLeod–Sugden model 3.2% to 12.1%, and the Dalton type mass average model 9.52% to 14.16% with experimentation.
Experimental analysis of electro-jet machining of thin metal sheets under the application of ultrasonic vibration, continuous and pulsed direct current
Authors: Dalabehera Tarakesh , Mullick Suvradip , Bartarya Gaurav , Shankar Ravi
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical machining is considered to be suitable for precision and micromachining without the development of residual stress, mechanical distortion and thermal damage. In this work, an in-house developed electro-jet machining system, a variant of electrochemical machining, has been used for machining in thin metal sheets, where the electrolyte is supplied in the form of a fine jet, concentrically to a wire electrode, through a nozzle. Machining performance was studied for generation of through slits of sub-millimetre range in 500 μm thick aluminium sheets, under the application of continuous and pulsed direct current (DC) power sources as well as with the application of ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece, emphasizing achieving better dimensional control with minimum overcut. A detailed investigation of the effect of applied voltage, scan speed, inter-electrode gap and electrolyte concentration has been performed in the case of continuous DC supply on quality factors, kerf-width, amount of overcut and material removal rate. Furthermore, the effects of duty cycle and pulse frequency in the case of pulsed DC supply, and the effect of vibration frequency under the application of ultrasonic vibration have been analysed on the above-mentioned output factors. Though a pulsed DC power supply with a pulse frequency of more than 1 kHz and a small duty cycle was found suitable for precision machining among all conditions, ultrasonic vibrations proved beneficial for fine feature generation with tighter size control at higher frequencies (lower vibration amplitude).
Censure et consensus dans le cinéma de l’après-guerre : La genèse parallèle d’Au royaume des cieux (Julien Duvivier, 1949) et La Cage aux filles (Maurice Cloche, 1950)
Authors: Morgan Daniel
Published: October 2022

Résumé

Au royaume des cieux (Julien Duvivier, 1949) et La Cage aux filles (Maurice Cloche, 1950), deux fictions situées dans des centres de rééducation pour jeunes femmes, ont une histoire liée. Fondées sur le même fait divers, produites en même temps, elles font l'objet de tractations complexes lorsqu'elles sont soumises à la censure. Le film de Duvivier, dont le rapport au réel est ambigu, finit par échapper à une réécriture, alors que Maurice Cloche accepte de travailler de près avec le ministère de la Justice et finit par réaliser un film réaliste reproduisant le discours officiel des autorités. Pourtant, les deux œuvres présentent la rééducation en internat d'une manière trompeuse et contraire aux reportages sur lesquels elles sont fondés. En examinant la genèse parallèle des deux films, cet article réexamine le rôle des négociations et de la propagande dans la construction du cinéma « consensuel » français de l'après-guerre.
Insurance market development, renewable energy, and environmental quality in the UAE: Novel findings from a bootstrap ARDL test
Authors: Samour Ahmed , Onwe Joshua Chukwuma , Inuwa Nasiru , Imran Muhammad
Published: October 2022

The present work aims to contribute to the existing literature by assessing the influence of insurance market development on the UAE's environmental quality. This study stands to be the first to evaluate the influence of the insurance market on environmental quality in the UAE. The study used an advanced approach to confirm the cointegrating relationship among selected variables: bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) testing and the Bayer and Hanck test for co-integration. The empirical outcomes reveal that renewable energy consumption stimulates environmental quality in the short and long run. Furthermore, empirical outcomes show that insurance market development has a positive effect on the level of environmental quality in the country. Therefore, policymakers in the UAE are advised to make policies and strategies to reinforce the sustainability of insurance markets that would minimize environmental pollution by giving incentives to whoever contributes minimal carbon and uses eco-friendly materials. This can be achieved through an active role in green investments and product development to promote environmental quality and increase insurers” profitability and credit rating.
Social Networks and Reproductive Healthcare-Seeking Behaviour of Garo and Mandai Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Ame Atia Sharmin , Mozumdar Lavlu , Islam Mohammad Amirul , Saha Sumitra
Published: October 2022

The reproductive healthcare system is meagre in the ethnic communities of Bangladesh. Notwithstanding the availability of studies on the healthcare-seeking behaviour of ethnic groups in Bangladesh, studies explicitly focused on the social networks of ethnic women, and their likely influences on reproductive health in this context are rare. We analyse how social networks impact ethnic women’s reproductive healthcare-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh. A total of 205 married ethnic—Garo and Mandai—women were selected purposively from Madhupur Upazila in the Tangail district. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics show that the average score of reproductive healthcare-seeking behaviour of Garo and Mandai women is low (40 out of 70), and the average network size of that women is slightly small (2.58). Results from hierarchical multiple regression models show that, next to years of schooling, reproductive health-related training and membership status, network size is positively related, while reproductive health constraints are negatively related, and ethnicity is not statistically associated with reproductive healthcare-seeking behaviour of Garo and Mandai women. This study reveals that social networks of ethnic women may improve their reproductive healthcare-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh. Hence, the policy recommendation is that social network agents are more equipped with reproductive health-related knowledge and information.
Evaluation of Orbitomalar Region Projection in Patients With Operated Cleft Lip and Palate (Cephalometric Study)
Authors: Şibar Serhat , Doruk Mert , Gülşen Ayşe , Özdemir Alihan , Tosun Gülce , Üçüncü Neslihan
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the orbitomalar region projection in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with skeletal class 1 cases.

Design

Retrospective.

Setting

Single center.

Patients

Cephalometric data of 52 cases with unilateral CLP, 25 cases with bilateral CLP, and 60 healthy participants in skeletal class 1 without CLP were included.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

A total of 5 parameters, 3 in the orbital and 2 in the suborbital region, that determine the projection of the orbitomalar region on lateral cephalograms, and 13 parameters of the craniofacial region were evaluated.

Results

Lateral, inferior, and anterior orbital parameters were similar between groups, while suborbital parameters were in a retrusive position in the CLP groups compared to the control group ( P < .05). No significant difference was found between the CLP groups in terms of suborbital parameters. A moderate positive correlation was found between orbitomalar parameters and the anteroposterior positions of the maxilla and mandible. The lateral orbital region had a moderate negative correlation with anterior maxillary height, and the suborbital region had a negative moderate correlation with maxillary inclination.

Conclusion

Suborbital projection was more retrusive in CLP compared to the control group, but no difference was found between the CLP groups. On the other hand, the correlation between orbitomalar projection and maxillary and mandibular development was significant. The results show that there is a need for alternative treatment modalities for the suborbital region in patients with CLP.
Evaluation of the Nasopalatine Canal of Patients With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate in CBCT Exams
Authors: Lopes Ivna Albano , Chicrala Gabriela Moura , Soares Mariana Quirino Silveira , Capelozza Ana Lúcia Alvares
Published: October 2022

Objective

To identify and compare the morphology and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) of individuals with and without cleft lip and palate using Conical Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and to relate the results to the type of cleft and tooth absences in the region.

Setting

This is a cross-sectional, analytical study with a retrospective sample.

Patients, Participants

100 CBCT exams from patients with cleft lip and palate and 100 CBCT exams from patients without cleft lip and palate were used.

Interventions

The NPC was evaluated for its morphology and measurements in the coronal, sagittal, and axial reformatting of CBCT exams.

Results

It was obtained as a result that in the group of patients with a cleft, the shapes of funnel, banana, and needle of the NPC were more frequent than in the control group. Patients with cleft lip and palate had significantly a larger nasopalatine foramen and a larger NPC diameter, besides a significantly shorter NPC, compared to controls. In both groups, edentulous patients had less anterior maxillary bone thickness, when compared to patients with maxillary anterior teeth. Patients with clefts had a bone thickness buccal to the NPC less than in the control group.

Conclusions

This study confirms the anatomical variability of NPC in patients with cleft lip and palate. This finding reinforces the need for thorough surgical planning of the anterior region of the maxilla, in CBCT exams, by the dentist.
Let's Laugh About It! Using Humor to Address Complainers’ Online Incivility
Authors: Béal Mathieu , Grégoire Yany , Carrillat François A.
Published: October 2022

This research investigates whether companies’ use of humor is an effective strategy to address complainers’ incivility on social media. Using three main experiments, the authors examine observers’ evaluation of companies’ humorous responses on social media in relation to the degree of incivility of the complaints. The authors find, first, that observers develop greater purchase intentions toward companies that use humor to respond to uncivil complaints. Drawing on benign violation theory, they explain that observers are less committed to uncivil complainers, which makes the use of humor more benign and thus more amusing. Second, they compare the effectiveness of humor with an accommodative recovery (e.g., apologies). When the complaint is civil, an accommodative recovery is a more effective strategy than affiliative humor. However, when the complaint is uncivil, affiliative humor is more interesting than an accommodative recovery because of greater engagement with the post (i.e., likes and shares) and similar purchase intentions. Theoretical and managerial implications of these results are then discussed.
Toric trans-scleral plugs IOL to correct aphakia with significant corneal astigmatism
Authors: de Angelis Lorenzo , Barca Francesco , Vicini Giulio , Giansanti Fabrizio , Rizzo Stanislao , Caporossi Tomaso
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To describe the use of toric trans-plugs IOL to correct aphakia with significant corneal astigmatism.

Methods

Case report and literature review.

Results

A 62-year-old man with an history of aphakia in his left eye after a traumatic cataract extraction and significant corneal astigmatism was referred to our clinic. Surgery plan was cataract remnants removal and secondary IOL implantation of toric sutureless trans-scleral plugs fixated IOL (FIL SSF, Soleko, Italy). The postoperative course was uneventful. At 12 months, the IOL was well-centered and the optic alignment remained stable with minimal total astigmatism. The e uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/25 Snellen while correct distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/20 with a manifest refraction of −0.25–50 40° D; the patient was satisfied by the visual outcome.

Conclusion

This novel toric trans-scleral plug fixated lens provides valuable outcomes also for astigmatic correction for a comprehensive correction of the aphakia in patients with poor zonular support and high expectations for postoperative visual quality
Evaluation of warm compresses and topical cyclosporine treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction by confocal scanning laser microscopy
Authors: Iaccheri Barbara , Torroni Giovanni , Cerquaglia Alessio , Messina Marco , Tucci Davide , Fruttini Daniela , Cagini Carlo , Fiore Tito
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim of our study is to confirm the utility of warm compresses (WC) and artificial tears (AT) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) management and to understand if its association with topical cyclosporine A (CsA) improves outcomes.

Methods

Patients with diagnosis of MGD-related dry eye were evaluated. In this prospective, randomized, double-masked study, patients were randomized in two treatments: AT plus WC (group A), and AT plus WC plus CsA 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (group B). At baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was completed, and tear evaluation (BUT, Schirmer and osmolarity test), ocular surface evaluation (fluorescein and lissamine green staining), clinical (Shimazaki grading) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) evaluation of rete ridges (RRs) were performed.

Results

A total of 40 eyes, 20 in each group, completed the study. Analysis of OSDI, tear test, ocular surface evaluation and clinical grading of MG showed significant improvement at 6 months, whereas no difference was found between the two groups at 6 months. The analysis of IVCM showed significant improvement in both groups, but significantly better results in group B were found compared to group A at 6 months.

Conclusion

WC performed 3 times daily during the 1st month and once daily afterwards, in addition to AT, were useful to manage the obstruction of MG and related signs and symptoms. Additional effects of CsA were visible in IVCM only at 6 months. IVCM is an effective tool to monitor treatments in MGD.
Quantitative vascular outgrowth and anatomic and refractive outcomes of eyes treated with bevacizumab in posterior zone Ⅰ
Authors: Bayramoglu Sadik Etka , Sayin Nihat
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To report the anatomic and refractive outcomes and retinal vascular outgrowth in eyes with posterior zone Ⅰ retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).

Methods

Thirty-eight eyes of 21 infants treated with IVB for type 1 and aggressive-ROP, and whose posterior border of retinal vascularization was shorter than the optic disc-to-fovea distance were defined as posterior zone Ⅰ and included in the study.

Results

Nine eyes of five infants whose follow-up time was lower than four months were accepted as insufficient for clinical outcomes. Additional treatment(s) had been performed up to 60 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in 10 of 29 eyes whose follow-up were higher than four months. Macula was attached at the final examination in all eyes with > 4 months follow-up. Anatomical outcome of two eyes of one infant was accepted as unfavorable whose routine follow-up was interrupted after successful initial treatment and who was presented with straightening of the temporal vascular arcade and residual fibrovascular tractional bands on the temporal periphery. The mean progression of temporal retinal vascularization was 3.6 ± 2.0 horizontal disc diameters (DD) within 7.3 weeks and 5.1 ± 2.5 horizontal DD within 69.1 weeks in the short-term (n=15) and long-term evaluated eyes (n=21), respectively. The mean spherical equivalent was −4.1 diopters at a mean age of 21 months (n=28).

Conclusions

A favorable outcome had been achieved in almost all bevacizumab-treated eyes, but additional treatments were required. Significant progression of retinal vascularization was detected even in the eyes with short follow-up.
Analysis of higher-order aberrations in relation to the clinical outcome of an enhanced monofocal IOL
Authors: Steinmüller Lucas Nicola , Greve Daria , Rua Amaro David , Bertelmann Eckart , von Sonnleithner Christoph
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To analyse higher-order aberrations of an enhanced monofocal aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) in relation to the clinical outcome compared to a monofocal aspheric IOL.

Setting

Department of Ophthalmology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany

Design

Prospective, monocentric, controlled, non-randomized, two-armed study

Methods

After phacoemulsification, a total of 30 patients (60 eyes) were bilaterally implanted with either TECNIS Eyhance IOL model ICB00 (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc.) or TECNIS Monofocal 1-Piece IOL model ZCB00 (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc.) in 30 eyes each. Assessments were performed 1 and 3 months after surgery including refraction, uncorrected and best-corrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, defocus curves, contrast sensitivities under photopic, mesopic and mesopic conditions with glare, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) at pupil sizes of 5, 4, 3 and 2 mm and patient satisfaction.

Results

At 3-month follow-up, measurements of HOAs revealed significant higher negative internal and ocular primary spherical aberrations in the ICB00 group at pupil sizes of 5, 4, 3 and 2 mm. The ICB00 showed significant better results in intermediate and near visual acuity, but no difference in distance visual acuity. No significant difference was found in contrast sensitivities at any condition or spatial frequency. Spectacle independence was significant better without significant higher rates of dysphotopsia in the ICB00 group.

Conclusions

Higher negative spherical aberrations in the ICB00 group at all measured pupil sizes appear to lead to a superior clinical outcome in intermediate and near vision compared to the ZCB00 group without compromising contrast sensitivity or distance visual acuity.
Bildung: A German student-centered approach to health and physical education
Authors: Wibowo Jonas , Krieger Claus , Gaum Christian , Dyson Ben
Published: October 2022

Theoretical foundations are fundamental to research in health and physical education. They reflect historical and cultural ideas and values. In this article, we seek to introduce the philosophy of Bildung from the Nordic-German cultural region to an English-speaking audience as one theoretical foundation for student-centered teaching. Bildung focuses on the student and his or her self-formation processes in health and physical education. Bildung refers to the holistic development of cognitive, physical, emotional, social, and esthetic capacities. It is an active and reflective process that centers on the inner development of individuality and is realized by individuals as they perceive, interpret, and respond to their realities and, in turn, shape the world in which they live. In this article, we also discuss parallels with social-constructivist approaches to health and physical education, especially with the concept of social and emotional learning.
Why aren’t we there yet? A typology for evaluating resistant and counter-hegemonic practices
Authors: Wu Bin , Oxworth Catherine
Published: October 2022

Neo-liberalism continues to expand its grip on education, despite fierce opposition. As an economic and political hegemony, neo-liberalism silences alternative viewpoints and neutralises resistance. Using an example of integrating Australian Indigenous pedagogy in early childhood initial teacher education, this article puts forward a typology for examining and evaluating various forms of resistant and counter-hegemonic endeavours. Taking a Gramscian perspective of hegemonic struggles as multifaceted and dynamic, the proposed model comprises three levels: practical, critical and political. Neo-liberalism has intricate linkages to the colonial past. The current domination of Northern theory expounds knowledge primarily from the industrial West in the Global North. In contrast, Indigenous knowledge from the marginalised Global South is envisioned as a counter-hegemonic force. Within this context, the authors illustrate how the proposed model could be used to evaluate resistant practices in the case of practising Australian Indigenous pedagogies of dadirri and yarning circles in early childhood initial teacher education.
Ethical challenges in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic healthcare institution in Malaysia: A qualitative study
Authors: Kaur Sharon , Tan Kiak Min Mark , Ng Shu Hui , Ng Chirk Jenn
Published: October 2022

Background

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) face a myriad of ethical challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is limited literature examining the ethical challenges faced by HCPs in low- and medium-income countries. The research was designed to explore the ethical challenges experienced by HCPs in a Malaysian hospital setting during the pandemic.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted via video calls with 10 Malaysian HCPs across different clinical disciplines involved in managing patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infections. The calls were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and checked. Thematic analysis with constant comparison across transcripts was carried out to identify categories and themes.

Results

Three main themes emerged. Firstly, there was deprioritisation of care for non-COVID-19 patients resulting from resource limitations. HCPs raised concerns that there was curtailed access to various healthcare services by non-COVID-19 patients. There was also a trade-off between protecting individual patient safety and public health interests. Secondly, patients were disempowered from decision-making; the decision to segregate suspected COVID-19 patients to high-risk areas without seeking patients’ approval may result in an increased risk of infection. Lastly, HCPs expressed internal conflicts when balancing the professional duty of care against concerns about contracting COVID-19 and spreading it to their family members.

Conclusion

The study highlighted ethical issues faced by HCPs in Malaysia during the pandemic. It underscores the need for clinical ethics consultation services in hospitals to navigate the various ethical dilemmas.
Covering the EU at local level: A multiple-case study in Germany, the UK and Spain
Authors: Rivas-de-Roca Rubén , Caro-González Francisco J. , García-Gordillo Mar
Published: October 2022

In recent years, European journalists show a preference for opinionated stories in a growing movement triggered by the acceleration of the political information cycle in the digital sphere. This research aims to analyze how reporting the EU meets quality standards, comparing the coverage of EU affairs in local media from Germany, the United Kingdom (UK) and Spain. We content-analyze all the published news items on European issues, collected over a one-year period (2018–2019). Local media are selected because of their relationship with democracy in nearby communities. Based on a corpus of 1093 news stories, the results show that the number of statements was high; meanwhile, we detected a negative bias in every media outlet of the sample, but some differences were also found linking to national contexts. Likewise, our study provides evidence on the shaping of low-quality news about the EU, arguing that this practice could boost a polarized climate.
Looking back to look forward: 5G/COVID-19 conspiracies and the long history of infrastructural fears
Authors: Frith Jordan , Campbell Scott , Komen Leah
Published: October 2022

Almost as soon as the COVID-19 pandemic began spreading throughout much of the world, conspiracies arose that blamed the virus on the deployment of fifth-generation cellular networks (5G) infrastructure. These conspiracies had significant consequences, including protests against 5G and the destruction of 5G infrastructure. This article uses a media genealogy approach to place the 5G/COVID-19 conspiracies within the long and recurring cycle of conspiracies focused on mobile infrastructure. Placed within that broader history, this article argues that the 5G/COVID-19 conspiracies should have been unsurprising, and these types of infrastructural conspiracies should be a more significant part of mobile media and communication (MMC) research because infrastructures are an often invisible, yet crucial, part of the mobile practices studied within MMC research. The article concludes by theorizing about why mobile infrastructures are such a frequent target for conspiracy theories and argues that researchers should begin planning now for combatting the conspiracies that will almost inevitably arise when the next generation of mobile infrastructure gets linked to fears about public health.
Conceptualizing Pakistan's evolving nuclear policy after two decades of nuclearization
Authors: Khan Zafar
Published: October 2022

This article attempts to answer the question as to how much nuclear ambiguity prevails within the broader contours of Pakistan's nuclear policy and how challenging this could be for its evolving nuclear policy. While conceptualizing the rudimentary pillars of Pakistan's evolving nuclear policy, this article implies that although nuclear ambiguity plays a central role in Pakistan's evolving nuclear policy particularly at the operational level, it remains less ambiguous at the declaratory level despite the absence of detailed official documentation. As part of the policy implication for Pakistan in general and the South Asian region in particular, this article concludes that on the one hand nuclear ambiguity helps shape the essential pillars of Pakistan's nuclear policy, but on the other hand too much nuclear ambiguity in turn could become challenging for Pakistan as its nuclear policy gradually evolves to secure a effective command and control system for newer deterrent forces, retain flexibility between the nuclear and conventional forces, and strive for nuclear legitimacy.
Visuomotor adaptation learning not affected by repeated sport-related concussion
Authors: Stokes William , Stilling Joan , Anaya Manuel , Statton Matthew , St Pierre Maria , Celnik Pablo , Cantarero Gabriela
Published: October 2022

Sports-related concussions (SRC) have been associated with emotional, cognitive, and affective symptoms including a negative impact on motor-based learning. However, no study has assessed the impact of SRC on cerebellar-based motor learning. Cerebellar-based motor learning was assessed in three different groups of athletes with different SRC history: athletes with no history of SRC: athletes in the acute stage of SRC (within two weeks of injury), and athletes in the chronic stage of SRC (over one year after injury). We used a visuomotor adaptation task (VAT) to measure both explicit strategy-based learning and implicit error-based learning. We found that there was no difference in cerebellar dependent motor learning in SRC and non-SRC athletes. These findings suggest that the cerebellum may be more resilient to damage from SRCs than the motor cortex.
Neuroimaging correlates of syndromal depression following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Richey Lisa N. , Bryant Barry R. , Krieg Akshay , Bray Michael J. C. , Esagoff Aaron I. , Pradeep Tejus , Jahed Sahar , Luna Licia P. , Trapp Nicholas T. , Adkins Jaxon , Jones Melissa B. , Bledsoe Andrew , Stevens Daniel A. , Roper Carrie , Goldwaser Eric L. , Morris LiAnn , Berich-Anastasio Emily , Pletnikova Alexandra , Lobner Katie , Lee Daniel J. , Lauterbach Margo , Ducharme Simon , Sair Haris I. , Peters Matthew E.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To complete a systematic review of the literature examining neuroimaging findings unique to co-occurring syndromal depression in the setting of TBI.

Methods

A PRISMA compliant literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus databases for articles published prior to April of 2022. The database query yielded 4447 unique articles. These articles were narrowed based on specific inclusion criteria (e.g., clear TBI definition, clear depression construct commenting on the syndrome of major depressive disorder, conducted empirical analyses comparing neuroimaging correlates in TBI subjects with depression versus TBI subjects without depression, controlled for the time interval between TBI occurrence and acquisition of neuroimaging).

Results

A final cohort of 10 articles resulted, comprising the findings from 423 civilians with brain injury, 129 of which developed post-TBI depression. Four articles studied mild TBI, three mild/moderate, one moderate/severe, and two all-comers, with nine articles focusing on single TBI and one including both single and recurrent injuries. Spatially convergent structural abnormalities in individuals with TBI and co-occurring syndromal depression were identified primarily in bilateral frontal regions, particularly in those with damage to the left frontal lobe and prefrontal cortices, as well as temporal regions including bilateral temporal lobes, the left superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral hippocampi. Various parietal regions and the nucleus accumbens were also implicated. EEG studies showed supporting evidence of functional changes in frontal regions.

Conclusion

Additional inquiry with attention to TBI without depression control groups, consistent TBI definitions, previous TBI, clinically diagnosed syndromal depression, imaging timing post-injury, acute prospective design, functional neuroimaging, and well-defined neuroanatomical regions of interest is crucial to extrapolating finer discrepancies between primary and TBI-related depression.
Urgent Excision of Primary Intracardiac Burkitt Lymphoma in a Child
Authors: Ashry Amr , Tarmahomed Abdulla , Johns Melonie , Samaddar Avishek , Kutty Ramesh , Dhannapuneni Ramana , Lotto Attilio , Duong Phuoc , Guerrero Rafael
Published: October 2022

A 9-year-old girl presented with a recent history of shortness of breath, fatigue, visual disturbances, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Echocardiography demonstrated three large intracardiac masses in the right and left atria protruding into the mitral and tricuspid valve orifices causing bilateral inflow obstruction. She underwent urgent surgical excision of the masses. Histology revealed rare intracardiac Burkitt's Lymphoma.
Book review: Thinking about Clinical Legal Education: Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives. Edited by Omar Madhloom and Hugh McFaul
Authors: Bradley Laura
Published: October 2022

Thinking about Clinical Legal Education: Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives. Edited by Omar Madhloom and Hugh McFaul, Routledge, London, 2021. pp. 284 (Hardback), £100.00 ISBN 9780367273491, (eBook), £29.59 ISBN 9780429299247.
The Effect of Psycho-education on the Affiliate Stigma in Family Caregivers of People with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Bahrami Raheleh , Khalifi Talieh
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Paying attention to stigma among caregivers to provide proper care for patients is necessary, and promoting awareness (about mental illness and mental health) to taking care of the caregivers’ health, is crucial.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of psycho-education on the affiliate stigma in family caregivers of people with bipolar disorder.

Method

This study is a quasi-experimental research with an experimental and control groups. 64 family caregivers of people with bipolar disorder participated in this study (32 in each group). Data was collected using the demographic questionnaire and Affiliate Stigma Scale before and after intervention (with 4 weeks gap). The experimental group received a psycho-education program for four weeks. The control group carried on their normal routine lifestyle.

Results

The mean scores of the affiliate stigma of both control and experimental groups before the intervention did not show a statistically significant difference ( P = .36), however after the intervention the results were statistically significant and increased in the experimental group ( P < .001).

Conclusion

According to the findings of this study psycho-education is an effective intervention that can reduce the affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with bipolar disorder and it can be considered as one of the de-stigmatization strategies for them.
Mitochondria from the Outside in: The Relationship Between Inter-Organelle Crosstalk and Mitochondrial Internal Organization
Authors: Friedman Jonathan R.
Published: October 2022

A fundamental role of membrane-bound organelles is the compartmentalization and organization of cellular processes. Mitochondria perform an immense number of metabolic chemical reactions and to efficiently regulate these, the organelle organizes its inner membrane into distinct morphological domains, including its characteristic cristae membranes. In recent years, a structural feature of increasing apparent importance is the inter-connection between the mitochondrial exterior and other organelles at membrane contact sites (MCSs). Mitochondria form MCSs with almost every other organelle in the cell, including the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and lysosomes, to coordinate global cellular metabolism with mitochondrial metabolism. However, these MCSs not only facilitate the transport of metabolites between organelles, but also directly impinge on the physical shape and functional organization inside mitochondria. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how physical connections between other organelles and mitochondria both directly and indirectly influence the internal architecture of mitochondria.
Human-centered design methods to achieve preparation phase goals in the multiphase optimization strategy framework
Authors: O’Hara Karey L. , Knowles Lindsey M. , Guastaferro Kate , Lyon Aaron R.
Published: October 2022

Background

The public health impact of behavioral and biobehavioral interventions to prevent and treat mental health and substance use problems hinges on developing methods to strategically maximize their effectiveness, affordability, scalability, and efficiency.

Methods

The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) is an innovative, principled framework that guides the development of multicomponent interventions. Each phase of MOST ( Preparation, Optimization, Evaluation) has explicit goals and a range of appropriate research methods to achieve them. Methods for attaining Optimization and Evaluation phase goals are well-developed. However, methods used in the Preparation phase are often highly researcher-specific, and concrete ways to achieve Preparation phase goals are a priority area for further development.

Results

We propose that the discover, design, build, and test (DDBT) framework provides a theory-driven and methods-rich roadmap for achieving the goals of the Preparation phase of MOST, including specifying the conceptual model, identifying and testing candidate intervention components, and defining the optimization objective. The DDBT framework capitalizes on strategies from the field of human-centered design and implementation science to drive its data collection methods.

Conclusions

MOST and DDBT share many conceptual features, including an explicit focus on implementation determinants, being iterative and flexible, and designing interventions for the greatest public health impact. The proposed synthesized DDBT/MOST approach integrates DDBT into the Preparation phase of MOST thereby providing a framework for rigorous and efficient intervention development research to bolster the success of intervention optimization.

Plain Language Summary

1.  What is already known about the topic? Optimizing behavioral interventions to balance effectiveness with affordability, scalability, and efficiency requires a significant investment in intervention development. 2.  What does this paper add? This paper provides a structured approach to integrating human-centered design principles into the Preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST). 3.  What are the implications for practice, research, or policy? The proposed synthesized model provides a framework for rigorous and efficient intervention development research in the Preparation phase of MOST that will ensure the success of intervention optimization and contribute to improving public health impact of mental health and substance use interventions.
The evolution of educational wage differentials for women and men in Germany, from 1996 to 2019
Authors: Ordemann Jessica , Pfeiffer Friedhelm
Published: October 2022

This paper studies the evolution of three higher education wage differentials from 1996 to 2019 in Germany. We distinguish between degrees from academic universities, degrees from universities of applied sciences, and the master craftsman\craftswoman certificate. The educational reference category is a standard degree within the German vocational education and training system. Based on samples of male and female workers from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), regression methods show that all three educational wage differentials in 2019 exceeded the ones in 1996. However, workers graduating from universities experienced an inverse u-shape pattern with a maximum of about 0.5 log points around 2012. Since then, their wage differential decreased by nearly ten percent (about 0.045 log points). Although the decrease is not statistically significant at conventional levels, we think that nearly ten percent can be regarded as economically meaningful. We argue that this pattern is related to university expansion and changes in graduates’ subject-choice composition during that expansion. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible alternative explanations.
Inbreeding and pedigree analysis of the European red dairy cattle
Authors: Nyman Sofia , Johansson Anna M. , Palucci Valentina , Schönherz Anna A. , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Hinrichs Dirk , de Koning Dirk-Jan
Published: October 2022

Background

Red dairy cattle breeds have an important role in the European dairy sector because of their functional characteristics and good health. Extensive pedigree information is available for these breeds and provides a unique opportunity to examine their population structure, such as effective population size, depth of the pedigree, and effective number of founders and ancestors, and inbreeding levels. Animals with the highest genetic contributions were identified. Pedigree data included 9,073,403 animals that were born between 1900 and 2019 from Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden, and covered 32 breeds. The numerically largest breeds were Red Dairy Cattle and Meuse-Rhine-Yssel.

Results

The deepest average complete generation equivalent (9.39) was found for Red Dairy Cattle in 2017. Mean pedigree completeness ranged from 0.6 for Finncattle to 7.51 for Red Dairy Cattle. An effective population size of 166 animals was estimated for the total pedigree and ranged from 35 (Rotes Höhenvieh) to 226 (Red Dairy Cattle). Average generation intervals were between 5 and 7 years. The mean inbreeding coefficient for animals born between 1960 and 2018 was 1.5%, with the highest inbreeding coefficients observed for Traditional Angler (4.2%) and Rotes Höhenvieh (4.1%). The most influential animal was a Dutch Meuse-Rhine-Yssel bull born in 1960. The mean inbreeding level for animals born between 2016 and 2018 was 2% and highest for the Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (4.64%) and Rotes Hohenvieh breeds (3.80%).

Conclusions

We provide the first detailed analysis of the genetic diversity and inbreeding levels of the European red dairy cattle breeds. Rotes Höhenvieh and Traditional Angler have high inbreeding levels and are either close to or below the minimal recommended effective population size, thus it is necessary to implement tools to monitor the selection process in order to control inbreeding in these breeds. Red Dairy Cattle, Vorderwälder, Swedish Polled and Hinterwälder hold more genetic diversity. Regarding the Meuse-Rhine-Yssel breed, given its decreased population size, increased inbreeding and low effective population size, we recommend implementation of a breeding program to prevent further loss in its genetic diversity.
CLIN_SKAT: an R package to conduct association analysis using functionally relevant variants
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amrita , Shih Ching-Yu , Hsu Yu-Chen , Juang Jyh-Ming Jimmy , Chuang Eric Y. , Lu Tzu-Pin
Published: October 2022

Background

Availability of next generation sequencing data, allows low-frequency and rare variants to be studied through strategies other than the commonly used genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Rare variants are important keys towards explaining the heritability for complex diseases that remains to be explained by common variants due to their low effect sizes. However, analysis strategies struggle to keep up with the huge amount of data at disposal therefore creating a bottleneck. This study describes CLIN_SKAT, an R package, that provides users with an easily implemented analysis pipeline with the goal of (i) extracting clinically relevant variants (both rare and common), followed by (ii) gene-based association analysis by grouping the selected variants.

Results

CLIN_SKAT offers four simple functions that can be used to obtain clinically relevant variants, map them to genes or gene sets, calculate weights from global healthy populations and conduct weighted case–control analysis. CLIN_SKAT introduces improvements by adding certain pre-analysis steps and customizable features to make the SKAT results clinically more meaningful. Moreover, it offers several plot functions that can be availed towards obtaining visualizations for interpretation of the analyses results. CLIN_SKAT is available on Windows/Linux/MacOS and is operative for R version 4.0.4 or later. It can be freely downloaded fromhttps://github.com/ShihChingYu/CLIN_SKAT, installed through devtools::install_github("ShihChingYu/CLIN_SKAT", force=T) and executed by loading the package into R using library(CLIN_SKAT). All outputs (tabular and graphical) can be downloaded in simple, publishable formats.

Conclusions

Statistical association analysis is often underpowered due to low sample sizes and high numbers of variants to be tested, limiting detection of causal ones. Therefore, retaining a subset of variants that are biologically meaningful seems to be a more effective strategy for identifying explainable associations while reducing the degrees of freedom. CLIN_SKAT offers users a one-stop R package that identifies disease risk variants with improved power via a series of tailor-made procedures that allows dimension reduction, by retaining functionally relevant variants, and incorporating ethnicity based priors. Furthermore, it also eliminates the requirement for high computational resources and bioinformatics expertise.