bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una nueva etapa del ciclo de conflicto social con contenido ambiental en la Argentina
Authors: Pesquero Bordón Jimena
Published: January 2022

Mediante un estudio de caso se analizan los procesos de acción contenciosa en rechazo a la llamada “megaminería” desplegados en la escala subnacional en Argentina durante el período 2019-2021. Estos responden a una nueva etapa del ciclo de conflicto social con contenido ambiental en la Argentina del siglo XXI. Esta etapa se configura a través de las resistencias ciudadanas en diferentes provincias con repertorios de lucha convergentes, en particular, frente a la política estatal minera. Esta renovada política promovida por el Gobierno Nacional en articulación con gobiernos provinciales y empresas transnacionales se da en un marco de crisis socioeconómica, ambiental y sanitaria agudizadas tras la irrupción de la pandemia por covid-19.
Russian Language Speakers: Some Observations on their Communicative Behavior
Authors: Shatilov Andrei
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the description of specific communicative practice among the Russian language speakers. This research is based on linguistic and cultural data collected in everyday speech and behavior, as well as in the Russian philosophical and literary tradition. The following elements of verbal communication were analyzed: syntactic structures, lexical units, and phonetics. Sociocultural phenomena, such as role-switching, use of background knowledge, and talk domination were observed too. Generally, the method applied here could be defined as content analysis. The findings of the present study suggest that the typical features of the communicative style in the Russian culture are straightforwardness, familiarity, gender and race intolerance, aggressiveness, rude language, irony, and emotionality
Female Figures and Censorship: The Reception of Stefan Zweig in Spain (1946-1960)
Authors: Condoy Franco Inés
Published: January 2022

The works of Stefan Zweig have always experienced a very lively reception in Spain from its very first publication in this country in the 1930s. Since the early 2000s his works have been reedited and everything that contains his signature easily finds a readership. This broad reception in Spain has inspired me to explore the nature of the success of Zweig’s stories. As the focus of my research paper is set how Zweig reception was possible during Franco’s regime in Spain. How it was possible despite the topics and the female image they show, and how publishing houses never stop trying to publish new editions, they knew that readership were demanding it. This descriptive study has been conducted following the evidence that is possible to find in Archivo General de la Administración and studying the comments and reason given by censors in the different reports about in his novellas Amok, Vierundzwanzig Stunden aus dem leben einer Frau and Brief einer Unbekannten in order to find an explanation that can justify the success or failure of Zweig works in Spain during this historical period
Шаламов и Солженицын: арьергардные бои за читателя
Authors: Есипов Валерий
Published: January 2022

V. Shalamov and A. Solzhenitsyn are two famous representatives of the camp prose in Russian literature of the 20th century. Modern perception of these writers and their works is associated with complex problems analyzed in this report. A number of facts show the general cooling of readers to the personality and works of Solzhenitsyn, despite the support of his authority at first by the Western community, and then – by the new Russian government. On the other hand, the facts demonstrate the growing readers’ interest to the personality and creativity of Shalamov, who never had official support and was in the shadow of Solzhenitsyn. The report analyzes social and the political reasons for this situation with the involvement of little-known information from biographies two writers and polemics, which they conducted among themselves during their lifetime.
La creación de la nouvelle femme en El paraíso de las damas, de Émile Zola
Authors: Álvarez Lobato Carmen
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza la novela El paraíso de las damas, de Émile Zola, desde el marco de la modernización de París durante el Segundo Imperio. Se estudia, fundamentalmente, la transformación del ser social y la creación de un nuevo personaje: la nouvelle femme, encarnada, en la novela, por Denise Baudu. El artículo expone el marco irónico de la novela y dialoga con la teoría del hombre nuevo de Henri de Saint-Simon. Se argumenta que Zola propone, desde este personaje femenino, que un cambio en el entorno es propicio para el desarrollo de mujeres y hombres naturales; la nouvelle femme es el nuevo elemento capaz de crear un gran cambio social a través del trabajo y la virtud.
Code Switching im fachsprachlichen Unterricht der notfallmedizinischen Kommunikation
Authors: Lisek Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

Code Switching ist kein neues Phänomen. Interessant bleibt nach wie vor jedoch, welche Faktoren oder Situationen haben überwiegende Bedeutung beim Eintreten dieser Erscheinung. Ein notfallmedizinisches Simulationstraining, welches hier den Rahmen der Untersuchung gibt, ist eine gute Möglichkeit um medizinische Kommunikation in den Fokus zu nehmen. Notfallmedizinische Kommunikation in einer Nachbarsprache bedarf besonderer Überlegung. Im Rahmen des Projekts InGRiP wird die notfallmedizinische Kommunikation deutschsprachiger Rettungskräfte beobachtet und ausgewertet. Da Polnisch nicht als die erste Fremdsprache gelernt wird, wird auch Code Switching vermutet. Die Beobachtungen haben gezeigt, dass die Rettungskräfte, die Russisch bereits gelernt haben, Code Switching insbesondere bei den Zahlen betreiben. Es kommt auch zum Sprachwechsel ins Englische oder in die Erstsprache Deutsch, jedoch viel seltener als im Falle von Russisch. Das hier beobachtete Code Switching ins Russische ist ein nicht-funktionales Code Switching, das von den Rettungskräften unbewusst betreiben wird. Die Ursache wird in dem Sprachproduktionsprozess vermutet.
La visión turca de las Cartas desde Estambul de Lady Montagu
Authors: Horta María Jesús
Published: January 2022

Las Cartas desde Estambul de lady Mary Montagu constituyen una de las primeras obras occidentales que ofrecen una visión realista de los turcos del siglo xviii a través de una óptica femenina. Escritas durante su viaje de ida y vuelta y a lo largo de una estancia de poco más de un año en el Imperio Otomano, en ellas lady Montagu se muestra como una dama curiosa e interesada por descubrir la verdadera realidad del «Otro», algo poco habitual hasta entonces. Por otra parte, su condición de esposa del embajador británico le permitió acceder a espacios vedados hasta entonces a los visitantes varones. Este artículo se centra en ofrecer la visión que los académicos turcos actuales tienen de las Cartas y de su autora, la forma en que valoran sus comentarios y qué tipo de opiniones les merecen el personaje y sus observaciones.
Las congregaciones religiosas en América Latina, siglos XIX y XX. Aportes para una historia transnacional del catolicismo
Authors: Folquer Cynthia , Monreal Susana
Published: January 2022

La perspectiva transnacional que se está desarrollando en la producción historiográfica encuentra en los estudios sobre el catolicismo un espacio privilegiado de análisis y, dentro de él, las congregaciones religiosas constituyen un ámbito propicio para observar conexiones, circulaciones, intercambios. Los trabajos reunidos en este dossier ofrecen un aporte para analizar la movilidad de mujeres y varones europeos que llegan a América, dispuestos a imprengar de sus tradiciones culturales el nuevo espacio, con ellos viajan ideas, experiencias, devociones en un gran equipaje que a la vez se nutrirá de color local.
El legado de la educación «a la francesa» en Chile: Mujeres, cultura y prácticas de piedad (1870-1920)
Authors: De La Taille Alexandrine
Published: January 2022

El modelo de la Sociedad del Sagrado Corazón llegado a Chile en 1854 entrega a las mujeres una educación del mejor nivel para su tiempo, lo que permite a las alumnas no solo ser parte de una élite intelectual reconocida en el mundo entero, sino también cooperar en las redes culturales francesas que implicaban la circulación de saberes y prácticas de piedad. Este artículo propone una aproximación histórica —en el paso del siglo xix al xx— a las nuevas devociones francesas como un efecto concreto del exitoso asentamiento de las nuevas congregaciones de vida activa en el fin del mundo. Específicamente, se centra en advocaciones marianas y lecturas edificantes que las «hijas del Sagrado Corazón» difundieron y cuya vigencia se reconoce hasta hoy.
Canibalismo, masacres y esclavismo en las campañas cortesianas: La preparación del asedio de México-Tenochtitlan en 1520-1521
Authors: Espino López Antonio
Published: January 2022

En este trabajo, mi interés principal han sido los diversos aspectos (canibalismo, masacres y esclavismo) que subyacen en las campañas relativamente menos conocidas emprendidas por Hernán Cortés y sus hombres, incluidos entre estos últimos los aliados aborígenes, entre julio y agosto de 1520 y mayo de 1521, para debilitar al Imperio mexica antes del asalto final a la gran urbe México-Tenochtitlan entre mayo y agosto de 1521. Las principales fuentes utilizadas han sido una serie de crónicas, no menos de once, y otros testimonios de la época, además de bibliografía moderna.
Una vida consagrada a «la palabra». El legado lingüístico del proyecto evangélico de Albert y Lois Buckwalter
Authors: Altman Agustina , Messineo Cristina
Published: January 2022

Este artículo aborda el proyecto lingüístico del matrimonio de misioneros menonitas formado por Albert Buckwalter y Lois Litwiller Buckwalter en el Chaco argentino. Se basa en fuentes inéditas, en entrevistas personales a Lois L. Buckwalter y en publicaciones de ambos. La labor de la traducción de la Biblia a los idiomas toba, mocoví y pilagá, así como también las decisiones en torno a la elaboración de alfabetos, vocabularios y notas gramaticales, fueron consistentes con el saber lingüístico académico de la época y parte integral de su proyecto evangelizador. Dicha tarea se enmarca en el contexto de un cambio general de paradigma vinculado al creciente rol de la antropología y la lingüística en la formación de los misioneros. El trabajo destaca también el aporte del trabajo del matrimonio Buckwalter a la lingüística chaqueña actual.
Wikimedia 2030 movement strategy : How an inclusive open strategy process has placed people at the centre
Authors: Miquel Ribé Marc , Vaidla Kaarel , Fort Francesc , Torres Anna
Published: January 2022

Objectives. In 2017, the Wikimedia Movement embarked on an open strategy process to decide the scope of action towards the horizon of 2030. Contrary to the development of a traditional strategy, an open strategy process allows numerous people to generate, discuss, and evaluate ideas. This study examines how this open strategy process and its output documents support inclusivity and address people's needs.
 Methodology. Inclusivity practices employed in the different phases of the open strategy process are reviewed — encompassing aspects such as modes of participation, transparency, and decision-making. Through discourse analysis, the aim is to highlight the main characteristics of the strategy product created and how it has been interpreted by the Wikimedia Movement, online communities, and affiliates.
 Results. The results of the study are two-fold. Firstly, a wide array of participation modes employed to include the Wikimedia Movement actors have been identified. Secondly, it has been found that the resulting strategy documents place people at the centre of the discourse, not only in the proposed new strategic direction but also in the strategic principles and recommendations that were produced. Thus, this paper extends the understanding of open strategy in large and collaborative environments, showing that inclusivity practices help elaborate proposals of changes that need to be implemented later by relevant stakeholders.
Dones periodistes a la Wikipedia : una radiografia des de la perspectiva de gènere
Authors: Morejón Llamas Noemí , Ramos Castro Desirée
Published: January 2022

Objectius: aquesta investigació té com a objectiu principal estudiar la presència de la dona periodista espanyola a Wikipedia en castellà, amb la finalitat de detectar si hi ha, a part d'una bretxa quantitativa, una bretxa qualitativa en la qual predominin els estereotips de gènere, i també reflexionar sobre l'espai col·laboratiu del recurs com a agent socialitzador en la construcció dels significats.
 Metodologia: per a la consecució dels resultats, es va optar per una metodologia quantitativa i qualitativa que, mitjançant l'anàlisi de contingut, va estudiar 450 biografies de dones periodistes espanyoles des de la perspectiva de gènere.
 Resultats: els resultats mostren errors en la categorització de l'ocupació de les professionals (que minva el posicionament de les dones periodistes a la Wikipedia), estereotips i dades accessòries que sexualitzen les periodistes, manca de fotografies i de fonts institucionals que els resten qualitat, i també una falta d'atribució directa a les seves obres i una subjugació a la figura masculina en els perfils anteriors al segle xxi, entre altres aspectes.
Mujeres periodistas en Wikipedia : una radiografía desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Morejón Llamas Noemí , Ramos Castro Desirée
Published: January 2022

Objetivos: esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal estudiar la presencia de la mujer periodista española en Wikipedia España a fin de detectar si existe, además de una brecha cuantitativa, una brecha cualitativa en la que predominen los estereotipos de género, así como reflexionar sobre el espacio colaborativo del recurso como agente socializador en la construcción de los significados.
 Metodología: para la consecución de los resultados se optó por una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa que, a través del análisis de contenido, estudió 450 biografías de mujeres periodistas españolas desde la perspectiva de género.
 Resultados: los resultados arrojan errores en la categorización de la ocupación de las profesionales, que merma el posicionamiento de las mujeres periodistas en Wikipedia, estereotipos y datos accesorios que sexualizan a las periodistas, falta de fotografías y de fuentes institucionales que restan calidad, así como una carencia de atribución directa a sus obras y una subyugación a la figura masculina en los perfiles anteriores al siglo xxi, entre otros resultados.
Latin American Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Vidal Olivares Javier , Barbero María Inés
Published: January 2022

This special issue seeks to appreciate the long-term study of SMEs as key players in the Latin American economies, with contributions on six countries: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile. This is a representative sample of the Latin American subcontinent’s diversity when it comes to economy size, population, and inequality index. The articles presented spot key topics in the study of Latin American SMEs. This introduction focus on three central issues that arise from those articles: the role of public policies in SME emergence and development, the strategies pursued by these firms to adapt to environment changes, and the links between informality and SME creation.
Chilean Public Policies and their Impact on Biotechnology Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Torres Zapata Isabel Edith , Vargas Orellana Omar
Published: January 2022

It is difficult to find cases of technology-based Small and Medium Enterprises in developing countries, however Chile has some within the biotechnology sector. How has this been possible? As a consequence of the different public policies and structural economic conditions that allowed their emergence, especially in the 1990s. This study describes the historical conditions and how they have been able to create a sector within the Chilean economy. From the analysis of secondary data the emergence of this type of company within the country is described. This analysis shows the link between structural conditions and appropriate public policies, meaning that these companies did not emerge by chance. Understanding their development process is crucial to promote the creation of more such technology-based Small and Medium Enterprises, as they have many positive externalities and are more globally competitive.
Seducidas y abandonadas. El incumplimiento de la palabra de matrimonio en el Alt Urgell (s. XVII)
Authors: Xam-mar Alonso Carmen
Published: January 2022

Seduïdes i abandonades. Les falses promeses de matrimoni a l’Alt Urgell (segle XVII)Aquest article planteja un primer estudi d’orientació microhistòrica i qualitativa de l’estupre a l’Alt Urgell, als Pirineus catalans, a partir de tretze processos judicials del tribunal secular i senyorial del capítol catedralici d’Urgell, al segle XVII. Analitzarem seduccions, promeses de matrimoni o de dotació amb accés carnal, desistiments de la paraula donada en la més estricta intimitat i estratègies femenines, judicials o no, orientades a forçar el compliment d’aquests contractes o a obtenir compensacions per la pèrdua de la seva honra. Donarem veu als protagonistes i als entorns veïnals que ens parlen de violència sexual, relacions de gènere, desigualtats socials i sentit de l’honra des de la perspectiva dels usos i els costums comunitaris. Així, releguem a un segon pla la visió que la tradició jurídica romana, el dret canònic i els tractats morals defensaven sobre aquestes qüestions.
Paraules clau: estupre, assetjament sexual, violència econòmica, infrajustícia, Pirineus.
Introducción
Authors: Peregalli Andrés , Gherlone Laura
Published: January 2022

El presente monográfico reúne artículos referidos a los procesos de institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio en instituciones de educación superior. Dichos textos fueron seleccionados del total de artículos presentados para el II Simposio Global Uniservitate “Aprendizaje-servicio, educación integral y espiritualidad transformadora”, realizado los días 28 y 29 de octubre de 2021, organizado entre Uniservitate y la Universidad Católica Portuguesa, coordinado por CLAYSS y Porticus, en colaboración con la Federación Internacional de Universidades Católicas y en adhesión el Pacto Educativo Global. El II Simposio, que contó con más de 1000 inscritos provenientes de 45 países, se propuso entre otros objetivos compartir experiencias y procesos de institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio en instituciones de educación superior. 

Los artículos evidencian que institucionalizar el aprendizaje-servicio supone trascender el desarrollo de proyectos aislados que, si bien pueden resultar significativos para un determinado momento histórico, no logran permear ni transformar las políticas y culturas institucionales. La institucionalización favorece la sustentabilidad, replicabilidad y escalabilidad de las experiencias, contribuyendo a generar políticas y culturas institucionales que integran la docencia, la investigación y el compromiso social, desde una gestión integral.
Descripción de un proceso participativo de diagnóstico de la institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio
Authors: Salterain I. , Eizaguirre A. , Díaz-Iso A. , Aláez Martínez M. , García-Feijoo M. , Roldán-Henao M. , Mota Ribeiro L. , Booth P. , Simeone D.
Published: January 2022

Para avanzar en la institucionalización del aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) en las universidades católicas, en 2020 se llevó a cabo el lanzamiento del programa UNISERVITATE. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir cómo se aborda un proceso participativo de diagnóstico de la institucionalización del ApS a partir de la rúbrica de Furco en St. Mary’s university, Universidade Católica de Portugal y Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Dicho proceso ha sido liderado por el hub de la región, la Universidad de Deusto. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación del grado de institucionalización del ApS a través de una herramienta que identifica en qué punto del proceso de institucionalización se encuentran las universidades. Como resultado se presenta la herramienta, las fortalezas y debilidades identificadas en las instituciones, y los planes de acción derivados de estas. Finalmente, se pone de relieve la necesidad de abordar investigaciones sobre lo que supone la institucionalización del ApS en las instituciones de educación superior católicas, así como la importancia de potenciar dicho proceso para promover el desarrollo humano integral del alumnado en educación superior.
Institutionalizing service-learning as a social work pedagogy: experiences, challenges and contributions to acquisition of competencies
Authors: Ambagan Melody
Published: January 2022

Social Work Education (SWE) in the Philippines is a competency-based academic discipline that focuses on the development of student practice behaviors. The goal of SWE is to demonstrate the integration and application of the competencies in practice with various client systems. This is where the SWE of Southern Christian College (SCC) saw the need to adopt service-learning (SL) as a pedagogy that would aid, assess, and enhance students’ readiness for professional practice. Since it is a combination of academic instruction and community service to address identified community needs, SL is viewed to be an effective vehicle to ensure that students apply what they learn from their classes to address real-world problems in communities. This paper will present the process of how SL had been introduced as an academic framework in one of the social work courses in SCC in 2010 and will particularly highlight the experiences, challenges, gains and learning insights. Experiences of students and faculty revolved around their engagements, challenges encountered, personal and professional learning, and social and psychological gains. Based on the data gathered, an SL framework was developed to reflect the practice of SL in the SCC-SWE. In conclusion, SL as a pedagogy in social work education has contributed to the acquisition and development of basic competencies in terms of knowledge, values and attitudes and skills. The gains which service-learners identified superseded the challenges which they encountered along the various phases.
Corpo-território, reprodução social e cosmopolítica: reflexões a partir das lutas das mulheres indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Chaves Kena Azevedo
Published: January 2022

Cresce no Brasil a atuação de mulheres indígenas como lideranças de seus povos. Diante do desmonte da política ambiental e indigenista pelo atual governo e ameaça extrativista sobre os territórios indígenas, o direito ao território coloca-se como principal bandeira de luta dessas mulheres, e motivação central para sua crescente presença nos espaços construídos pelo movimento indígena. A noção de Corpo-território é cada vez mais vocalizada e ganha novos sentidos dentre as mulheres indígenas no Brasil, que a empregam referindo-se à relação inseparável entre povo e território. O presente trabalho busca afirmar esta como categoria cosmopolítica, que ilumina contradições capitalistas, e é empregada como resistência à exceção-espoliação, processo que produz a vida nua como desumanização necessária ao avanço da acumulação.
Active terahertz modulator based on optically controlled organometal halide perovskite MAPbI2Br
Authors: Wang Huaixing , Ling Furi , Luo Chunya , Li Dan , Xiao Yongrui , Chang Zeyuan , Xu Zhibo , Zeng Ying , Wang Weijun , Yao Jianquan
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an active terahertz modulator based on optically controlled organometal halide perovskite

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is proposed. The terahertz wave time-domain transmission of the

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sample was measured by a terahertz time-domain spectrometer. Experimental results indicate that the

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sample showed an obvious optical-power-dependent modulation effect on transmission of the terahertz wave; the maximum modulation depth of the modulator can reach 59.99% at 0.3 THz when the external pump optical power is up to 1500 mW.
Accessible high-performance double nanohole tweezers
Authors: Hajisalem Ghazal , Babaei Elham , Dobinson Michael , Iwamoto Shohei , Sharifi Zohreh , Eby Jon , Synakewicz Marie , Itzhaki Laura S. , Gordon Reuven
Published: January 2022

Nanohole optical tweezers have been used by several groups to trap and analyze proteins. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to create high-performance double nanohole (DNH) substrates for trapping proteins without the need for any top-down approaches (such as electron microscopy or focused-ion beam milling). Using polarization analysis, we identify DNHs as well as determine their orientation and then use them for trapping. We are also able to identify other hole configurations, such as single, trimers and other clusters. We explore changing the substrate from glass to polyvinyl chloride to enhance trapping ability, showing 7 times lower minimum trapping power, which we believe is due to reduced surface repulsion. Finally, we present tape exfoliation as a means to expose DNHs without damaging sonication or chemical methods. Overall, these approaches make high quality optical trapping using DNH structures accessible to a broad scientific community.
Kalman filter-enabled parameter estimation for simultaneous quantum key distribution and classical communication scheme over a satellite-mediated link
Authors: Zhong Hai , Ye Wei , Zuo Zhiyue , Huang Duan , Guo Ying
Published: January 2022

An accurate estimation of system parameters is of significance for the practical implementation of the simultaneous quantum key distribution and classical communication (SQCC) over a satellite-mediated link when considering the finite-size effect. In this paper, we propose a Kalman filter (KF)-enabled parameter estimation method for the SQCC over a satellite-mediated link. The fast and slow phase drift can be both estimated by using the improved vector KF carrier phase estimation algorithm, and thus the phase estimation error can be tracked in real time and be almost approximate to the theoretical mean square error limit. Taking advantage of the achieved phase estimation and the dual modulation of the SQCC scheme, the excess noise can be estimated with not only a higher precise but also a lower sacrificing rate of raw keys. Numerical simulations demonstrate the feasibility of the SQCC in both the downlink and uplink in terms of the finite-size effect. As a comparison of the Mth-power algorithm, we find that the secret key rate and achievable zenith angle perform better by using the vector KF algorithm. It paves the way of practical implementations for the SQCC system.
Performance evaluation of data-driven techniques for the softwarized and agnostic management of an N×N photonic switch
Authors: Khan Ihtesham , Tunesi Lorenzo , Masood Muhammad Umar , Ghillino Enrico , Bardella Paolo , Carena Andrea , Curri Vittorio
Published: January 2022

The emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm paves the way for flexible and automatized management at each layer. The SDN-enabled optical network requires each network element’s software abstraction to enable complete control by the centralized network controller. Nowadays, silicon photonics due to its low energy consumption, low latency, and small footprint is a promising technology for implementing photonic switching topologies, enabling transparent lightpath routing in re-configurable add-drop multiplexers. To this aim, a model for the complete management of photonic switching systems’ control states is fundamental for network control. Typically, photonics-based switches are structured by exploiting the modern technology of Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) that enables complex elementary cell structures to be driven individually. Thus PIC switches’ control states are combinations of a large set of elementary controls, and their definition is a challenging task. In this scenario, we propose the use of several data-driven techniques based on Machine Learning (ML) to model the control states of a PIC N×N photonic switch in a completely blind manner. The proposed ML-based techniques are trained and tested in a completely topological and technological agnostic way, and we envision their application in a real-time control plane. The proposed techniques’ scalability and accuracy are validated by considering three different switching topologies: the Honey-Comb Rearrangeable Optical Switch (HCROS), Spanke-Beneš, and the Beneš network. Excellent results in terms of predicting the control states are achieved for all of the considered topologies.
A comparative study of dengue virus vectors in major parks and adjacent residential areas in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Trang Thi Thuy , Minakawa Noboru
Published: January 2022

The primary dengue virus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are primarily daytime biting mosquitoes. The risk of infection is suspected to be considerable in urban parks due to visitor traffic. Despite the importance of vector control for reducing dengue transmission, little information is available on vector populations in urban parks. The present study characterized mosquito habitats and estimated vector densities in the major urban parks in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and compared them with those in adjacent residential areas. The prevalences of habitats where Aedes larvae were found were 43% and 9% for the parks and residential areas, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (prevalence ratio [PR]: 5.00, 95% CI: 3.85–6.49). The prevalences of positive larval habitats were significantly greater in the parks for both species than the residential areas (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04–2.22 for A. aegypti, PR: 10.10, 95% CI: 7.23–14.12 for A. albopictus). Larvae of both species were positively associated with discarded containers and planters. Aedes albopictus larvae were negatively associated with indoor habitats, but positively associated with vegetation shade. The adult density of A. aegypti was significantly less in the parks compared with the residential areas (rate ratio [RR]; 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05–0.16), while the density of A. albopictus was significantly higher in the parks (RR: 9.99, 95% CI: 6.85–14.59). When the species were combined, the density was significantly higher in the parks (RR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.92–3.25). The urban parks provide suitable environment for Aedes mosquitoes, and A. albopictus in particular. Virus vectors are abundant in the urban parks, and the current vector control programs need to have greater consideration of urban parks.
Dancing in a culture of disordered eating: A feminist poststructural analysis of body and body image among young girls in the world of dance
Authors: Doria Nicole , Numer Matthew
Published: January 2022

Eating disorders among adolescent girls are a public health concern. Adolescent girls that participate in aesthetic sport, such as dance, are of particular concern as they experience the highest rates of clinical eating disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of young girls in the world of competitive dance and examine how these experiences shape their relationship with the body; feminist poststructural discourse analysis was employed to critically explore this relationship. Interviews were conducted across Canada with twelve young girls in competitive dance (14–18 years of age) to better understand how the dominant discourses in the world of competitive dance constitute the beliefs, values and practices about body and body image. Environment, parents, coaches, and peers emerged as the largest influencers in shaping the young dancers’ relationship with their body. These influencers were found to generate and perpetuate body image discourses that reinforce the ideal dancer’s body and negative body image.
Integrating ecosystem markets to co-ordinate landscape-scale public benefits from nature
Authors: Reed Mark S. , Curtis Tom , Gosal Arjan , Kendall Helen , Andersen Sarah Pyndt , Ziv Guy , Attlee Anais , Fitton Richard G. , Hay Matthew , Gibson Alicia C. , Hume Alex C. , Hill David , Mansfield Jamie L. , Martino Simone , Olesen Asger Strange , Prior Stephen , Rodgers Christopher , Rudman Hannah , Tanneberger Franziska
Published: January 2022

Ecosystem markets are proliferating around the world in response to increasing demand for climate change mitigation and provision of other public goods. However, this may lead to perverse outcomes, for example where public funding crowds out private investment or different schemes create trade-offs between the ecosystem services they each target. The integration of ecosystem markets could address some of these issues but to date there have been few attempts to do this, and there is limited understanding of either the opportunities or barriers to such integration. This paper reports on a comparative analysis of eleven ecosystem markets in operation or close to market in Europe, based on qualitative analysis of 25 interviews, scheme documentation and two focus groups. Our results indicate three distinct types of markets operating from the regional to national scale, with different modes of operation, funding and outcomes: regional ecosystem markets, national carbon markets and green finance. The typology provides new insights into the operation of ecosystem markets in practice, which may challenge traditionally held notions of Payment for Ecosystem Services. Regional ecosystem markets, in particular, represent a departure from traditional models, by using a risk-based funding model and aggregating both supply and demand to overcome issues of free-riding, ecosystem service trade-offs and land manager engagement. Central to all types of market were trusted intermediaries, brokers and platforms to aggregate supply and demand, build trust and lower transaction costs. The paper outlines six options for blending public and private funding for the provision of ecosystem services and proposes a framework for integrating national carbon markets and green finance with regional ecosystem markets. Such integration may significantly increase funding for regenerative agriculture and conservation across multiple habitats and services, whilst addressing issues of additionality and ecosystem service trade-offs between multiple schemes.
A comparative study of adult and adolescent maternal care continuum following community-oriented interventions in Cambodia, Guatemala, Kenya, and Zambia
Authors: Edward Anbrasi , Jung Younghee , Ettyang Grace , Chhorvann Chhea , Risko Casey , Ghee Annette E. , Chege Jane
Published: January 2022

Background

The coverage for reproductive care continuum is a growing concern for communities in low- income economies. Adolescents (15–19 years) are often at higher odds of maternal morbidity and mortality due to other underlying factors including biological immaturity, social, and economic differences. The aim of the study was to examine a) differences in care-seeking and continuum of care (4 antenatal care (ANC4+), skilled birth attendance (SBA) and postnatal care (PNC) within 24h) between adult (20–49 Years) and adolescents and b) the effect of multilevel community-oriented interventions on adolescent and adult reproductive care-seeking in Cambodia, Guatemala, Kenya, and Zambia using a quasi-experimental study design.

Methods

In each country, communities in two districts/sub-districts received timed community health worker (CHW) household health promotion and social accountability interventions with community scorecards. Two matched districts/sub-districts were selected for comparison and received routine healthcare services.

Results

Results from the final evaluation showed that there were no significant differences in the care continuum for adolescents and adults except for Kenya (26.1% vs 18.8%, p<0.05). SBA was significantly higher for adolescents compared to adult women for Guatemala (64% vs 55.5%, p<0.05). Adolescents in the intervention sites showed significantly higher ANC utilization for Kenya (95.3% vs 84.8%, p<0.01) and Zambia (87% vs 72.7%, p<0.05), ANC4 for Cambodia (83.7% vs 43.2%, p<0.001) and Kenya (65.9% vs 48.1%, p<0.05), SBA for Cambodia (100% vs 88.9%, p<0.05), early PNC for Cambodia (91.8% vs 72.8%, p<0.01) and Zambia (56.5% vs 16.9%, p<0.001) compared to the comparison sites. However, the findings from Guatemala illustrated significantly lower care continuum for intervention sites (aOR:0.34, 95% CI 0.28–0.42, p<0.001). The study provides some evidence on the potential of multilevel community-oriented interventions to improve adolescent healthcare seeking in rural contexts. The predictors of care continuum varied across countries, indicating the importance of contextual factors in designing interventions.
Increased mask adherence after important politician infected with COVID-19
Authors: Cohen Deborah A. , Talarowski Meghan , Awomolo Olaitan , Han Bing , Williamson Stephanie , McKenzie Thomas L.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To quantify changes in adherence to mask and distancing guidelines in outdoor settings in Philadelphia, PA before and after President Trump announced he was infected with COVID-19.

Methods

We used Systematic Observation of Masking Adherence and Distancing (SOMAD) to assess mask adherence in parks, playgrounds, and commercial streets in the 10 City Council districts in Philadelphia PA. We compared adherence rates between August and September 2020 and after October 2, 2020.

Results

Disparities in mask adherence existed by age group, gender, and race/ethnicity, with females wearing masks correctly more often than males, seniors having higher mask use than other age groups, and Asians having higher adherence than other race/ethnicities. Correct mask use did not increase after the City released additional mask guidance in September but did after Oct 2. Incorrect mask use also decreased, but the percentage not having masks at all was unchanged.

Conclusions

Vulnerability of leadership appears to influence population behavior. Public health departments likely need more resources to effectively and persuasively communicate critical safety messages related to COVID-19 transmission.
The consequences of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act for police arrests
Authors: Simes Jessica T. , Jahn Jaquelyn L.
Published: January 2022

Background & methods

National protests in the summer of 2020 drew attention to the significant presence of police in marginalized communities. Recent social movements have called for substantial police reforms, including “defunding the police,” a phrase originating from a larger, historical abolition movement advocating that public investments be redirected away from the criminal justice system and into social services and health care. Although research has demonstrated the expansive role of police to respond a broad range of social problems and health emergencies, existing research has yet to fully explore the capacity for health insurance policy to influence rates of arrest in the population. To fill this gap, we examine the potential effect of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on arrests in 3,035 U.S. counties. We compare county-level arrests using FBI Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program Data before and after Medicaid expansion in 2014–2016, relative to counties in non-expansion states. We use difference-in-differences (DID) models to estimate the change in arrests following Medicaid expansion for overall arrests, and violent, drug, and low-level arrests.

Results

Police arrests significantly declined following the expansion of Medicaid under the ACA. Medicaid expansion produced a 20–32% negative difference in overall arrests rates in the first three years. We observe the largest negative differences for drug arrests: we find a 25–41% negative difference in drug arrests in the three years following Medicaid expansion, compared to non-expansion counties. We observe a 19–29% negative difference in arrests for violence in the three years after Medicaid expansion, and a decrease in low-level arrests between 24–28% in expansion counties compared to non-expansion counties. Our main results for drug arrests are robust to multiple sensitivity analyses, including a state-level model.

Conclusions

Evidence in this paper suggests that expanded Medicaid insurance reduced police arrests, particularly drug-related arrests. Combined with research showing the harmful health consequences of chronic policing in disadvantaged communities, greater insurance coverage creates new avenues for individuals to seek care, receive treatment, and avoid criminalization. As police reform is high on the agenda at the local, state, and federal level, our paper supports the perspective that broad health policy reforms can meaningfully reduce contact with the criminal justice system under historic conditions of mass criminalization.
Factors influencing environmental sampling recovery of healthcare pathogens from non-porous surfaces with cellulose sponges
Authors: Rose Laura J. , Houston Hollis , Martinez-Smith Marla , Lyons Amanda K. , Whitworth Carrie , Reddy Sujan C. , Noble-Wang Judith
Published: January 2022

Results from sampling healthcare surfaces for pathogens are difficult to interpret without understanding the factors that influence pathogen detection. We investigated the recovery of four healthcare-associated pathogens from three common surface materials, and how a body fluid simulant (artificial test soil, ATS), deposition method, and contamination levels influence the percent of organisms recovered (%R). Known quantities of carbapenemase-producing KPC+ Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), Acinetobacter baumannii, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, and Clostridioides difficile spores (CD) were suspended in Butterfield’s buffer or ATS, deposited on 323cm2 steel, plastic, and laminate surfaces, allowed to dry 1h, then sampled with a cellulose sponge wipe. Bacteria were eluted, cultured, CFU counted and %R determined relative to the inoculum. The %R varied by organism, from <1% (KPC) to almost 60% (CD) and was more dependent upon the organism’s characteristics and presence of ATS than on surface type. KPC persistence as determined by culture also declined by >1 log10 within the 60 min drying time. For all organisms, the %R was significantly greater if suspended in ATS than if suspended in Butterfield’s buffer (p<0.05), and for most organisms the %R was not significantly different when sampled from any of the three surfaces. Organisms deposited in multiple droplets were recovered at equal or higher %R than if spread evenly on the surface. This work assists in interpreting data collected while investigating a healthcare infection outbreak or while conducting infection intervention studies.
A model of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A synthesis of the theory of reasoned action, conspiracy theory belief, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use
Authors: Akther Taslima , Nur Tasnima
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the key factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and develop a model based on the theory of reasoned action, belief in conspiracy theory, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The authors created and distributed a self-administered online questionnaire using Google Forms. Data were collected from 351 respondents ranging in age from 19 to 30 years, studying at the graduate and postgraduate levels at various public universities in Bangladesh. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that belief in conspiracy theory undermines COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, thereby negatively impacting the individual attitudes, subjective norms, and acceptance. Individual awareness, on the other hand, has a strong positive influence on the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness of vaccination and the perceived ease of obtaining the vaccine positively impact attitude and the acceptance of immunization. Individuals’ positive attitudes toward immunization and constructive subjective norms have a positive impact on vaccine acceptance. This study contributes to the literature by combining the theory of reasoned action with conspiracy theory, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use to understand vaccine acceptance behavior. Authorities should focus on campaigns that could reduce misinformation and conspiracy surrounding COVID-19 vaccination. The perceived usefulness of vaccination to prevent pandemics and continue normal education will lead to vaccination success. Furthermore, the ease with which people can obtain the vaccine and that it is free of cost will encourage students to get vaccinated to protect themselves, their families, and society.
Prelabor rupture of membranes at term: A possible hematological triage in addition to vagino-rectal beta-hemolytic streptococcus screening for early labor induction
Authors: D’Ambrosi Francesco , Cesano Nicola , Iurlaro Enrico , Ronchi Alice , Ramezzana Ilaria Giuditta , Di Maso Matteo , Pietrasanta Carlo , Ronchi Andrea , Pugni Lorenza , Ferrazzi Enrico
Published: January 2022

Introduction

A potential complication of term prelabor rupture of membranes (term PROM) is chorioamnionitis with an increased burden on neonatal outcomes of chronic lung disease and cerebral palsy. The purpose of the study was to analyze the efficacy of a standing clinical protocol designed to identify women with term PROM at low risk for chorioamnionitis, who may benefit from expectant management, and those at a higher risk for chorioamnionitis, who may benefit from early induction.

Material and methods

This retrospective study enrolled all consecutive singleton pregnant women with term PROM. Subjects included women with at least one of the following factors: white blood cell count ≥ 15×100/μL, C-reactive protein ≥ 1.5 mg/dL, or positive vaginal swab for beta-hemolytic streptococcus. These women comprised the high risk (HR) group and underwent immediate induction of labor by the administration of intravaginal dinoprostone. Women with none of the above factors and those with a low risk for chorioamnionitis waited for up to 24 hours for spontaneous onset of labor and comprised the low-risk (LR) group.

Results

Of the 884 consecutive patients recruited, 65 fulfilled the criteria for HR chorioamnionitis and underwent immediate induction, while 819 were admitted for expectant management. Chorioamnionitis and Cesarean section rates were not significantly different between the HR and LR groups. However, the prevalence of maternal fever (7.7% vs. 2.9%; p = 0.04) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid was significantly higher in the HR group than in LR group (6.1% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.04). This study found an overall incidence of 4.2% for chorioamnionitis, 10.9% for Cesarean section, 0.5% for umbilical artery blood pH < 7.10, and 1.9% for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Furthermore, no confirmed cases of neonatal sepsis were encountered.

Conclusions

A clinical protocol designed to manage, by immediate induction, only those women with term PROM who presented with High Risk factors for infection/inflammation achieved similar maternal and perinatal outcomes between such women and women without any risks who received expectant management. This reduced the need for universal induction of term PROM patients, thereby reducing the incidence of maternal and fetal complications without increasing the rate of Cesarean sections.