bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quelques comparaisons relatives a certains niveaux de prix à la consommation dans les pays européens
Authors: Devaux Andrée
Published: October 2019

L'étude présente un bref exposé sur les indices des prix à la consommation publiés par différents pays, montrant à la fois les changements intervenus dans les habitudes de consommation des familles qui servent à l'observation du coût de la vie et les différences qui existent entre la composition de l'indice français actuel et celle des indices des pays étrangers.

On met ainsi en lumière les inconvénients que présentent, pour la comparaison des niveaux de prix à la consommation, l'utilisation de schémas qui ne correspondent plus exactement à la structure actuelle des dépenses familiales ainsi que la mise à jour des résultats d'enquêtes anciennes à l'aide des indices de prix élaborés par les différents pays.

Il est enfin nécessaire de rappeler que les comparaisons présentées dans cette étude sont basées sur deux séries de travaux dont les méthodes et les hypothèses de base sont différentes. Les résultats concernent uniquement les prix intérieurs et leur portée est limitée à certaines régions et aux catégories de consommateurs constituant le milieu des enquêtes. Dans le cas des données de la C.E.C.A., les résultats ne s'appliquent qu'aux ouvriers de la sidérurgie et des mines ; les comparaisons de l'Institut fédéral de statistique d'Allemagne occidentale, d'autre part, ne se rapportent qu'aux salariés industriels dont les habitudes de consommation sont conformes à celles de la famille-type servant à l'observation du coût de la vie.

Il serait en conséquence dangereux de leur attribuer une valeur générale ou d'en tirer des conclusions sur les pouvoirs d'achat ou sur les prix à l'exportation.
L'évolution à court terme de la consommation des ménages : connaissance, analyse et prévision
Authors: Vangrevelinghe Gabriel
Published: October 2019

La prévision de l'évolution à court terme du volume global et de la structure de la consommation des ménages exige pour être menée à bien que soient déterminées les variables économiques qui régissent cette évolution, que soit quantifiée leur influence éventuelle, mis en évidence les décalages éventuels avec lesquels s'exercent leur action.

Dans la première partie, nous présentons les résultats d'une analyse au niveau annuel de l'évolution du volume global et de la structure en quelques postes de la consommation des ménages, sur la période allant de 1950 à 1965. Les résultats de cette analyse ont été traduits dans un modèle économétrique, qui décrit avec une précision très satisfaisante les évolutions effectivement constatées.

L'utilité d'un tel modèle dans l'élaboration des prévisions de l'évolution de la consommation pour l'année en cours ou l'année à venir est indiscutable.

Une étude plus précise de l'évolution à court terme de la consommation des ménages nécessiterait que l'on dispose de données statistiques sur cette évolution à un niveau de détail plus fin que l'année. Le développement des statistiques trimestrielles couvrant la distribution ou la consommation des ménages est encore très restreint, cependant il existe d'ores et déjà dans de multiples domaines des indicateurs statistiques permettant de suivre, avec une précision et un détail variables, l'évolution des composantes de la consommation des ménages.

L'importance que revêt la connaissance de l'évolution à court terme de la consommation des ménages justifie l'investissement statistique que représente la synthèse de l'information disponible. Cependant, la modulation trimestrielle obtenue pour les consommations alimentaires et les consommations de produits manufacturés — il n'est pas possible d'obtenir d'indicateurs satisfaisant» à court terme des consommations de services — reste tributaire de l'insuffisante qualité des informations statistiques de base existant actuellement. Malgré ces réserves, il a paru utile de publier les résultats de cette recherche.
La Situation Démographique En 1965
Authors: Hémery Solange , Calot Gérard
Published: October 2019

La population française poursuit la progression amorcée depuis la seconde guerre mondiale. Tandis que de 1861 à 1946, c'est-à-dire en quatre-vingt-cinq aux, l'accroissement de la population atteignait seulement 2,7 millions d'habitants, au cours des vingt dernières années l' augmentation démographique s'élève à 9 millions < l'habitants (5,5 millions pour les seules dix dernières années) : au début '.le 1966, la France comptait en effet 49.1 50.000 habitants, portant sa densité à 89 habitants au km-(contre 68 en 1861, 73 en 1946 et 79 en 1956). Au cours de l'année 1965, la population s'est accrue de près d'un demi-million de personnes (460.000) dont 70 du fait de l'excédent des naissances sur les décès (320.000) et 30 du fait de l'excédent migratoire arec l'étranger (140.000).

En 1965, le nombre de naissances a atteint 862.000, c'est-à-dire un niveau comparable à celui enregistré au début du siècle et qui avoisine le niveau record de 1947-1949. La mortalité générale, comme la mortalité infantile, poursuit sa régression : la durée moyenne de la vie humaine qui est actuellement de soixante-huit ans pour les hommes et de soixante-quinze ans pour les femmes s'est accrue de trente ans en un siècle et de douze ans au cours des trente dernières années. Le taux (le mortalité infantile , c'est-à-dire la proportion des enfants qui décèdent avant d'atteindre l'âge d'un ail, est descendu à 21,9 pour mille alors qu'il s'élevait encore à 63 pour mille en 1946 et à 38 pour mille en 1956. Toutefois ces niveaux de mortalité , les plus faibles que la France ait jamais enregistrés, sont encore supérieurs à ceux des pays européens les plus avancés. C'est ainsi que la Suède, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas uni atteint le niveau de mortalité infantile observé en France en 1965 il y a déjà près de quinze ans.

L'article qui suit est divisé en sept chapitres. Dans le premier, intitulé «Principaux faits démo¬ graphiques », on dresse, le bilan d'ensemble de l'année 1965 et on décrit la physionomie générale de l'évolution démographique actuelle. Dans les chapitres suivants, consacrés successivement aux mariages, aux divorces, aux naissances, aux décès, aux migrations extérieures et aux résultats régionaux et départementaux, on analyse de façon plus détaillée les divers aspects de la situation démographique française. Enfin, on trouvera en annexe quelques indications d'ordre méthodologique sur les techniques d'élaboration des données statistiques présentées dans l'article.
Un aspect de la morbidité étudié à partir de la statistique des causes de décès
Authors: Damiani Paul
Published: October 2019

En vue d'obtenir certains renseignements sur la morbidité (nombre de malades à un moment donné et nombre de nouveaux cas dans l'année) on a établi un modèle mathématique reliant ces variables avec la mortalité. Ce modèle a été essayé sur quelques maladies. Il est basé sur la notion de distance généralisée entre deux distributions et fait appel pour sa résolution aux méthodes de recherche opérationnelle.
La situation démographique des quatre départements d'outre-mer : Martinique — Guadeloupe — Réunion — Guyane
Authors: Malignac Georges
Published: October 2019

En 1955, le Haut Comité de la Population et de la Famille avait publié un rapport sur la situation démographique des départements d'outre-mer (rapporteur : M. Pellier, administrateur de l'I.N.S.E.E.).

Les importants travaux effectués ces dernières années par l'I.N.S.E.E. : recensements , analyses du mouvement de la population, prévisions nécessitées par la préparation du Ve Plan pour les départements d'outre-mer, demandaient une mise à jour de ce rapport qu'apporte le présent article.

Sont ainsi précisés les divers aspects d'une situation qui se résume ainsi :

— les trois départements insulaires : Martinique, Guadeloupe et Réunion, sont surpeuplés, au sens où l'entendent les économistes ; le taux de croissance de la population — 3 % par an — est difficilement compatible avec une amélioration sensible du niveau de vie ; aussi le Gouvernement favorise-t-il, depuis plusieurs années, les migrations, vers la métropole, des originaires de ces départements ;

— la Guyane, au contraire, est sous-peuplée, mais l'installation du Centre National d'Études Spatiales (C.N.E.S.) à Kourou permettra sans doute, dès 1968, d'importantes migrations.
Perspectives de ménages par nombre de personnes — Essais méthodologiques
Authors: Bamas F. , Triballat Nicole
Published: October 2019

L'analyse prospective des besoins en logements requiert des hypothèses sur l'évolution du nombre de ménages et, également, sur la distribution des ménages suivant l'effectif. Il importe, en effet, d'avoir des indications sur la surface et le nombre de pièces des logements à construire. Dans une moindre mesure, l'étude fine de la demande de certains biens durables : voitures particulières, machines à laver, réfrigérateurs... fait intervenir ce même type d'hypothèses.

La répartition des ménages suivant la taille est, cependant, un caractère relativement complexe, qu'il est, de ce fait, peu commode d'introduire dans un modèle projectif, ou encore dans une étude comparative de diverses populations. L'utilisation de cette variable suppose donc que l'on soit en état d'en caractériser la distribution à l'aide d'un petit nombre de paramètres. C'est ce qui a été fait ici.

L'essai d'une méthode d'adéquation a montré, en effet, que la distribution des ménages français selon l'effectif était convenablement ajustée par un mélange «gammaïen » de lois de Poisson, lequel fait intervenir deux paramètres seulement. Cet ajustement, purement empirique — nous ne voyons d'ailleurs pas qu'il soit possible d'en interpréter la signification — décrit convenablement la réalité, non seulement pour l'ensemble de la population mais aussi pour des sous-populations très différentes quant à l'effectif moyen du ménage. Il s'applique correctement aux données du recensement de 1954 comme à celles du recensement de 1962. Par ailleurs, il est apparu possible de projeter à moyen terme cette distribution ; en effet, une certaine combinaison des paramètres semble suffisamment stable pour pouvoir, en première approximation, être considérée comme invariante.

Une autre tentative, suivant une méthode d'explication linéaire, consistait à admettre que la répartition des ménages suivant la taille était déterminée (et invariante au cours du temps ) pour un ensemble suffisamment homogène de ménages. Cette tentative n'a pas, jusqu'à présent, été couronnée de succès.
Les élasticités de consommation des ménages de Yaoundé (Analyse économétrique des résultats d'une enquête sur les budgets des ménages effectuée à Yaoundé en 1964-1965)
Authors: Turlot François
Published: October 2019

Il est assez rare qu'Études et Conjoncture publie des articles relatifs à des enquêtes effectuées dans les pays en voie de développement d'expression française. Il s'agit ici d'une enquête sur les budgets des ménages réalisée en 1964-1965 à Yaoundé, capitale de la République fédérale du Cameroun, financée à la demande du gouvernement camerounais par le Fonds d'Aide et de Coopération, et dirigée par un Administrateur de l'I. N.S.E.E. affecté au titre de la Coopération.

Ce type d'enquête est devenu courant en Afrique d'expression française ; l'étude des conditions de vie de la population constitue en effet, dans la collecte de l'information statistique, le troisième volet d'un triptyque dont les deux premiers concernent la démographie et l'agriculture.

L'enquête dont il s'agit ici présente la particularité de s'attacher exclusivement à un milieu urbain , très divers par l'origine, par le mode de vie, et par le niveau de revenu.

L'analyse des comportements économiques des ménages était de ce fait rendue plus difficile : un échantillon suffisamment étoffé de ménages a permis cependant une étude économétrique des résultats, qui s'avère en définitive assez riche d'enseignements. Elle montre notamment que les différences de niveau de vie, mesurées en termes monétaires, ne permettent pas d'expliquer à elles seules les variations de consommation d'une classe de ménage à l'autre. La catégorie socio-professionnelle, le niveau d'instruction, les séjours à l'étranger faits par certains sont autant de facteurs explicatifs complémentaires qui ne peuvent être négligés.

Le modèle économétrique utilisé est devenu classique dans les pays développés. C'est à notre connaissance la première fois qu'il est appliqué dans un pays en voie de développement. Les raisons en sont multiples : les matériaux statistiques adaptés à ce genre d'études sont encore rares, les facteurs qualitatifs sont souvent prédominants, et la part des flux monétaires est parfois très réduite.

Il est à souhaiter que les pays d'Afrique d'expression française puissent dans l'avenir disposer de moyens suffisants pour renouveler ce type d'études et en améliorer les méthodes.

Une planification rationnelle du développement ne peut pas en effet ignorer les lois de comportement des consommateurs.
Quelques résultats essentiels du recensement de l'industrie
Authors: Godin G.
Published: October 2019

Cette note (1) a pour objet la présentation de quelques données de base provenant de l'exploitation, en cours d'achèvement, du recensement de l'industrie exécuté en 1963. Elle comporte un bref commentaire de résultats globaux concernant la main-d'œuvre employée et la valeur ajoutée par les entreprises classées selon la taille d'abord, selon neuf grands secteurs d'activité ensuite.

La deuxième partie consiste en un tableau de données plus détaillées par section à deux chiffres de la Nomenclature des activités économiques (I.N.S.E.E., 1959) et par classe d'effectifs dans chaque activité. Ces résultats concernent l'ensemble des entreprises recensées, à l'exception des commerces de gros interindustriels (parties des sections 73, 74, 75 et 79) et des bureaux d'études techniques (802.2 et 802.3 de la Nomenclature des activités économiques).

L'originalité des données présentées ici (2) réside dans la méthode d'enquête employée (3) ; en fait, des informations de même nature sont produites périodiquement à partir de statistiques diverses (4). Les écarts que le lecteur ne manquera pas de constater avec les données connues jusqu'à présent avec une marge d'incertitude plus ou moins grande doivent être attribués, pour l'essentiel (5), à l'amélioration dans la connaissance des faits économiques que procure la collecte par une enquête unitaire d'un ensemble détaillé et complet d'informations entre lesquelles il devient possible pour le statisticien d'effectuer un contrôle de cohérence efficace au niveau de chaque entreprise.
Analysis of the Environmental Status of Nagykálló Subregion
Authors: Kozmáné Petrilla Gréta
Published: October 2019

The third smallest region of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county is the Nagykálló subregion. Its territory is 377 km2 and its inhabitants number 32.526. Due to the fact that industrial development arrived late, the environmental status of this subregion was saved from serious ecological degradation. The quality of the environment shows a reasonable picture in many respects, comparing to the general survey of the country. The air quality of the region can be qualified as acceptable. Leaving some critical points out of consideration, it is better than the national average. It is favourable from the human environment point of view that the region is free of extremes, and has a balanced climate. The supply of drinking water is above 95%, and the remainsing water requirements are supplied by artesian wells. The water supply network is fully extended in the subregion. The most significant environmental noise source is traffic, including public road traffic, which causes a problem in the town of Nagykálló. The situation of the collection, transportation, and placement of the settlement’s solid wastes show a similar picture to the status of the country. The environmental status of the region is included in the SWOT analysis.
The Effect of EU Accession on the Hungarian Tobacco Sector. The Evaluation of the Regulations
Authors: Mislovics Anita
Published: October 2019

Tobacco growing can be regarded as a special small sector of Hungarian agriculture. However, studying it from a different point of view, we can see that it is an outstanding sector among others in agriculture. Not only is its budget importance that makes it significant (its total budgetary income is more than 200 billion HUF), and on the other hand it also plays an important role in employment and income output.Nevertheless questions of regulation arise, and especially those of its justification, methods and scope. Moreover, EU accession forces Hungary to redraw its regulatory statutes for legal harmonization. Below is a discussion of the impacts of this process, as well as of the domestic tobacco market itself.
A Study on Service Quality of Pragati Krishna Grahmin Bank with Special Reference to Shimoga Town
Authors: Manjula Bai H
Published: October 2019

This paper is designed to study the extent of the customer satisfaction through service quality provided by Banks. Service Quality is playing a vital role in every field. Without customer satisfaction through service quality it is not possible to succeed in any industry. Customer satisfaction provides a leading indicator of customer participation and loyalty. Satisfied customers are central to optimal performance and financial returns. However customer are dissatisfied because of poor service, lack of up gradation of technology, unawareness about technology introduced by the rural banks For the purpose of study, the researcher has selected 50 respondents who are the customers of the rural bank . All the customers were surveyed by using questionnaire and the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction from the services of the bankwas studied. In order to assess or understand these problems and to find some valuable suggestions to the rural banks in these particular aspects thissurvey was conducted.
A Study of Emotional Maturity, and Teaching Competency among Prospective Teachers
Authors: Srinivasan R , Pugalenthi N
Published: October 2019

The present study seeks to measure a study of emotional maturity and teaching competency among prospective teachers. The Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) developed and standardized by Dr. Yashvir Singh and Dr. Mahesh Bhargava revalidated by the investigator in 2019 and Teaching Competency Scale (TCS) constructed and standardized and validated by the investigator in 2019 for prospective teachers. The investigator has been used to collect the data from the sample of 650 prospective teachers studying in Coimbatore, Nilgiris, and Tirupur district of Tamilnadu, India. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in the emotional maturity of prospective teachers about gender, there is no significant difference in the teaching competency of prospective teachers about gender, there is no significant difference between the mean scores in the emotional maturity with the type of college, and there is no significant difference between the mean scores in the teaching competency with the type of college levels.
Indigenous Wild Edible Plants of Bataw Village, East Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya
Authors: Merry Phawa Gifty , Kevin Dkhar Eric , Marbaniang Donboklang
Published: October 2019

The study was carried out as a kind of documentation of the used of wild edibles plants by the people in Bataw village, East Jaintia Hills. The results show that there are 35edible plants and belonging to 26 families being taken by the people of Bataw village as food. The mode of utilisation of wild edible plant includes 12 plant species used as vegetables, 11 species eaten as raw and 12 species consume as raw and as well as vegetable. The vast overexploitation of these indigenous wild edible plants has led to the over decline of these species. Therefore steps should be taken to protect such resources and further inventories need to undertake to understand their nutritional benefits and their long term sustenance.
A Study on Students Academic Achievement in Relation to Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence of M.Ed Students
Authors: Rajeswari S , Panneer Selvam S K
Published: October 2019

UNESCO has identified various tensions and crisis of modern society and suggested 4 pillars to be constructed for strengthening the education system. These pillars are: “Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to live together and Learning to be.”The importance of education has been realized by everyone and by every nation. It is quite evident that the strength of the country depends on the strength of education, which in turn depends on the strength efficiency of teachers and the process of teaching. According to Tagore, “The widest road leading to the solution of all our problems is education.” Intelligence is one of the main characteristics that results in individual differences among peoples. This has been attended by humans from many years ago (Bakhtiarpor, 2009). Although study about intelligence has focused on its cognitive aspects such as memory, problem-solving, emotional, social, and spiritual ability have been attended by authors. The role of intelligence tests in predicting academic performance that the effective psychosocial and mental sources has an important role in predicting academic achievement especially in the higher academic levels (Furnham, Chamorro, and Premuzic, 2004).
Katharina Uhde, The Music of Joseph Joachim (2018)
Authors: Hoppe Christine
Published: October 2019

A review of Katharina Uhde, The Music of Joseph Joachim (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2018). ISBN 978-1783272846
À procura da morte: uma análise sobre “A história de uma mãe”, de Andersen
Authors: Segabinazi Daniela Maria , Barbosa Jaine Sousa
Published: October 2019

Sabemos que o tema da morte é abordado em diversos textos, sejam eles para adultos ou crianças, e em diferentes perspectivas, que variam de acordo com o contexto e a época em que são produzidos. Um dos universos em que a morte é observada é o da Literatura Infantil e juvenil, principalmente nos contos de fadas, por terem sido considerados os primeiros textos destinados à infância, no século XVII. No presente artigo, analisaremos como se dá a construção e representação da morte em “História de uma mãe” (2012), de Hans Christian Andersen, afim de percebemos como se construiu um texto em que a morte aparece como personagem da trama e não como mero acessório. Para realização do trabalho, realizamos a leitura de alguns teóricos, como Ariès (2012), Paiva (2011), Azevedo (1999) e Coelho (2012), e traçamos um percurso acerca da morte na literatura de modo geral e na literatura infantil, mais especificamente, unindo-o com a análise do texto, que nos traz a morte representada como uma pessoa e mostra a trama de uma mãe que enfrenta uma série de obstáculos para livrar seu filho, até mesmo o de entrega-lo à morte.
O Discurso da Análise: Ensaio Epistemológico sobre as Doutrinas do Discurso
Authors: Marcelino Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

O presente texto isola uma técnica de interpretação utilizada na tradição da cultura francesa, anglo-saxã e brasileira de teoria do discurso. O problema é motivado por uma pesquisa de tese que investiga a história mais geral da relação entre o saber da linguagem e a prática de interpretar em nossa cultura. O discurso da análise ou fala analítica é uma técnica que consiste na articulação dos enunciados do saber da linguagem com os enunciados do saber da história e com os enunciados do saber do sujeito para efetivar sua interpretação. Portanto, as diferenças do discurso da análise serão pontuadas para cada um dos seus enunciados em três culturas distintas, deixando em aberto a tarefa de pesquisar sua formação entre nós. Porque o discurso da análise difere sua interpretação de acordo com a cultura considerada, sendo inadequado avaliar sua presença em l'analyse du discours, discourse analysis e nas doutrinas do discurso como uma influência que aparece em cada cultura. As doutrinas do discurso no Brasil não são uma influência estrangeira, mas possuem uma formação que pode ser buscada através do discurso da análise que funda a relação mais geral do saber da linguagem com a intepretação.
Era negro.
Authors: Costa Paula de Sousa
Published: October 2019

Este conto é uma história que representa tantas outras que nunca foram contadas, mas, vividas diariamente pelas pessoas que são deslocadas à margem da sociedade. Revela injutiças e preconceitos que as pessoas sofrem por viverem numa sociedade excludente e opressora. Dá voz ao silêncio que muitos precisam fazer para sobreviver e enfrentar as crueldades para permanecer de pé nos percursos da vida.
Formação de Professores de Português para Estrangeiros na contemporaneidade: cenários, desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Chagas Lucas Araujo
Published: October 2019

A formação de professores de Português para Estrangeiros (PE) faz parte de uma agenda acadêmica recente desencadeada pelos efeitos da internacionalização no Brasil. Neste artigo, pretendemos trazer à tona algumas reflexões a respeito da prática docente do professor de PE bem como avaliar contextos históricos contemporâneos que deram origem a essa nova modalidade de professor de línguas no contexto brasileiro. Não obstante pretendemos apontar alguns saberes que têm se tornado fundamentais para a prática docente do professor de PE e problematizarmos a necessidade de criar cursos no Ensino Superior que formalizem a profissionalização detes.
Resenha: REICHMANN, C. L.; GUEDES-PINTO, A. L. (org.) Horizontes (im)possíveis no estágio: práticas de letramento e formação de professores de língua. Campinas, SP: Pontes, 2018. 278p.
Authors: Pereira Bruno Alves
Published: October 2019

Resenha: REICHMANN, C. L.; GUEDES-PINTO, A. L. (org.) Horizontes (im)possíveis no estágio: práticas de letramento e formação de professores de língua. Campinas, SP: Pontes, 2018. 278p.
Presente na luta!
Authors: Silva Ariana da Rosa
Published: October 2019

Poema de resistência das letras.
Editorial
Authors: Pinheiro-Mariz Josilene , Costa Marco Antonio , Oliveira Maria Angélica
Published: October 2019

Editorial
Hipomineralización de incisivos y molares: revisión sistemática de la información
Authors: Miranda Arce Angelica María
Published: October 2019

El síndrome de Hipomineralización incisivo-molar es cada día más frecuente, se lo identifica como una alteración cualitativa del esmalte, con lesiones generadas por falta de mineral en el mismo y que puede ir de leve a severo. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar datos sobre Hipomineralización incisivo-molar, conocer su prevalencia y factores causales. El método utilizado para la recolección de la información se realizó a través de una revisión bibliográfica  de 76 artículos donde se utilizaron cuatro bases de datos; Google Académico, PUBMED, Lilacs y Cochrane, aplicando las palabras claves; molar incisor hypomineralization, hipomineralización incisivo molar mencionadas, en las variables; prevalencia, causas y tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la prevalencia de MIH en los últimos 10 años varía entre el 2,8% al 46%. Entre las causas se encontraron factores prenatales como: hipertensión, diabetes gestacional, Infecciones, uso de medicamentos, entre otros, y posnatales: alteraciones gastrointestinales, problemas respiratorios, varicela, rubeola, exantemas de la infancia, parotiditis, uso de aines y antibióticos y factores medioambientales. Y entre los tratamientos se encontraron desensiblizantes y barnices con flúor antes de realizar la restauración, colutorios, con CPP-ACPF. Concluyendo que es necesario realizar un diagnóstico preciso para poder realizar un tratamiento correcto. 
Unorthodox Orthodoxy? The Icon’s Role in the Reception of Russian Orthodoxy by the Volga-Kama Chuvash
Authors: Kolosova Alison
Published: October 2019

This article discusses the icon’s role as a visual, sensory, and material means of encounter with the sacred realm in the context of Russian Orthodox missions in the Volga-Kama region of Russia. It argues that the icon facilitated engagement with Russian Orthodox worldview and rites before the introduction of vernacular textual learning owing to its capacity to resonate with indigenous understandings of the sacred and divine. The article draws on prerevolutionary ethnographic texts describing the role played by icons in Chuvash religious rites and argues that, rather than the dvoeverie and paganism attributed to them by the missionaries, the Chuvash were by the early twentieth century practicing an indigenous, inculturated Orthodoxy.
Instrumentos musicales y músicos instrumentistas en las catedrales novohispanas del siglo XVII y XVIII
Authors: Jurek-Nathan Anna
Published: October 2019

El siglo XVII en la historia de la música europea está marcado por la creciente importancia de la música instrumental: música absoluta, música sin el soporte literario. Sin embargo y a pesar de la presencia de numerosos instrumentos musicales en las capillas de música de la Nueva España, la música instrumental dentro de su repertorio no se hace visible hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XVIII con la obra de Manuel de Sumaya e Ignacio Jerusalem y Stella.

¿Cuál fue el papel de los instrumentos dentro de las capillas de música de las catedrales novohispanas? ¿Con que fin las autoridades eclesiásticas equipaban a las capillas de música con instrumentos musicales costosos y casi siempre importados? ¿En qué momento se ha fortalecido el uso de los instrumentos musicales dentro del repertorio catedralicio?

 Algunas respuestas a éstas preguntas las podemos encontrar en los documentos de la época, otras las podemos deducir y otras más tendrán que esperar a los descubrimientos de nuevas fuentes de información.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BRAINSTORMING DENGAN SOAL OPEN-ENDED PADA MATERI SEGI EMPAT
Authors: Hidayati Ulfa , Supardi Lili , Indahwati Rohmah
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap metode pembelajaran brainstorming dengan soal open-ended dan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh metode pembelajaran brainstorming dengan soal open-ended terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Proppo pada tanggal 26 maret sampai 4 april 2018 di kelas VII D sebanyak 25 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII C sebanyak 25 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu lembar angket respon siswa dan tes. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) respon siswa dalam mengikuti metode pembelajaran brainstorming dengan soal open ended dengan rata-rata persentase respon siswa ≥ 60 % kategori dianggap positif; (2) ada pengaruh penerapan metode pembelajaran brainstorming dengan soal open-ended terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang menunjukkan bahwa
Mono- and bithiophene-substituted diarylethene photoswitches with emissive open or closed forms
Authors: Schleper A Lennart , Bossi Mariano L , Belov Vladimir N , Hell Stefan W
Published: October 2019

We present a new series of photochromic 1,2-bis(2-ethylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentenes with an oxidized benzothiophene core (O) or a nonoxidized one, decorated with mono- (Th1) and bithiophene (Th2) units attached to positions 6 and 6′ (Sy = symmetric) or only to position 6 (As = asymmetric). “Oxidized” compounds have highly fluorescent closed forms emitting in the visible region (yellow to red). The dyes with nonoxidized benzothiophenes possess fluorescent open forms with rather low emission efficiency. The photoswitching kinetics was studied at several wavelengths with UV and visible light. New diarylethenes underwent ring-closure reactions by irradiation with UV light (365 nm, 405 nm), and the reversible ring-opening by irradiation with visible light (470 nm, 530 nm). The on-switching of fluorescence due to the ring-closure reaction was observed also with visible light of 470 nm (to an extent of 10% for compound SyOTh1) and attributed to the Urbach tail effect. Due to a high degree of fluorescence modulation (>270), good fatigue resistance and large fluorescence quantum yield, compound SyOTh1 emerged as a candidate for single-molecule based super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques
Authors: Badaczewski Felix , Loeh Marc , Pfaff Torben , Wallacher Dirk , Clemens Daniel , Smarsly Bernd
Published: October 2019

This study is dedicated to link the nanoscaled pore space of carbons, prepared by hard-templating of meso-macroporous SiO2 monoliths, to the corresponding nanoscaled polyaromatic microstructure. Two different carbon precursors were used, which generally exhibit markedly different carbonization properties, i.e. a graphitizable pitch and a non-graphitizable resin. The micro- and mesoporosity of these monolithic carbons was studied by the sorption behaviour of a relatively large organic molecule (para-xylene) in comparison to typical gas adsorbates (Ar). In addition, to obtain a detailed view on the nanopore space small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) combined with in-situ physisorption was applied, using deuterated p-xylene (DPX) as a contrast-matching agent in the neutron scattering process. The impact of the carbon precursor on the structural order on an atomic scale in terms of the size and the disorder of the carbon microstructure, on the nanopore structure and on the template process is analysed by special evaluation approaches for SANS and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The WAXS analysis shows that the pitch-based monolithic exhibits a more ordered microstructure consisting of larger graphene stacks and similar graphene layer sizes compared to the monolithic resin. Another major finding is the discrepancy in the accessible micro/mesoporosity between Ar and deuterated p-xylene, which was found for the two different carbon precursors (pitch, resin), which can be regarded as representatives in regard to carbon precursors in general. These differences essentially indicate that physisorption using probe gases such as Ar or N2 can provide misleading parameters if to be used to appraise the accessibility of the nanoscaled pore space.
Glioblastoma Unique Features Drive the Ways for Innovative Therapies in the Trunk-branch Era
Authors: Brognaro Enrico
Published: October 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme is a solid tumor with particular aspects due to its organ of origin and its development modalities. The brain is very sensitive to oxygen and glucose deprivation and it is the only organ that cannot be either transplanted or entirely removed. Furthermore, many clues and recent indirect experimental evidence indicate that the micro-infiltration of the whole brain parenchyma occurs in very early stages of tumor bulk growth or likely even before. As a consequence, the primary glioblastoma (IDH-wildtype, WHO 2016) is the only tumor where the malignant (i.e. distantly infiltrating the organ of origin) and deadly (i.e. leading cause to patient’s death) phases coincide and overlap in one single phase of its natural history. To date, the prognosis of optimally treated glioblastoma patients remains dismal despite recent fundamental progress in neurosurgical techniques which are enabling better maximal safe resection and survival outcome. Intratumor variegated heterogeneity of glioblastoma bulk due to trunk-branch evolution and very early micro-infiltration and settlement of neoplastic cells in the entire brain parenchyma are the reasons for resistance to current therapeutic treatments. With the aim of future innovative and effective therapies, this paper deals with the unique glioblastoma features, the appropriate research methods as well as the strategies to follow to overcome current causes of resistance.
Serum Levels of Carbamylated LDL, Nitrotyrosine and Soluble Lectin-like Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Stankova Teodora R. , Delcheva Ginka T. , Maneva Ana I. , Vladeva Stefka V.
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Carbamylated low-density lipoprotein (cLDL) has profound proatherogenic properties. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) has been identified as the primary cLDL receptor. The soluble form of LOX-1 (sLOX-1) and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) have recently been suggested as biomarkers of vascular disease. Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by an increased atherosclerotic risk, the clinical data on cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 levels in T2DM are limited.

Aim: To explore the possible role of cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 as potential biomarkers for disease progression and complications in poorly controlled T2DM patients with and without microalbuminuria.

Materials and methods: The serum concentrations of cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 were measured by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 60 T2DM patients and 35 nondiabetic controls.Results: Both the normoalbuminuric (n = 34) and the microalbuminuric (n = 26) patients had significantly higher serum levels of cLDL and NT than the healthy controls, but sLOX-1 was only elevated in the microalbuminuric subgroup (p < 0.05). Carbamylated LDL correlated positively with NT in the diabetic subjects (rs = 0.266, p = 0.04) while it correlated with urea only in the control group (rs = 0.475, p = 0.004). The serum concentration of sLOX-1 correlated significantly with fasting glucose (rs = 0.441, p < 0.001), HbA1c (rs = 0.328, p = 0.01) and microalbuminuria (rs = 0.272, p = 0.035) in the whole diabetic cohort.

Conclusions: The present study highlights the potential of cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 as possible markers of diabetic complications.
Impact of a High-fat Diet on the Development of Chronic Inflammation in Heart of Wistar rats
Authors: Dimitrov Iliyan V. , Kamenov Vassil I. , Boyadjiev Nikolay P. , Georgieva Katerina N. , Bivolarska Anelia V. , Draganova-Filipova Milena N. , Angelova-Hristova Penka A. , Delchev Slavi , Daskalova Elena , Gerginska Fanka , Stankova Teodora R. , Gramatikov Vilian
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Obesity is linked to the development of low-grade, chronic inflammation. Obesity-related inflammation appears to be a different type of inflammation, mainly due to excessive food intake and unusual homeostasis. It can be evaluated by measuring the concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory marker molecules – C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA) and interleukin-4.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the rate of the inflammatory process in heart, provoked by the consumption of a high-fat diet.

Materials and methods: Sixty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were used in this experiment. The laboratory animals were fed orally with two different types of rodent food for 14 or 18 weeks – a high-fat diet (experimental groups) and standard rodent food (control groups). They all were kept under standard housing conditions. The levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in tissue homogenates from heart were analyzed using ELISA. Their expression in tissue samples was detected immunohistochemically by the biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method. The total protein concentration was determined by the Lawry method.

Results: CRP levels showed no significant differences when the control group was compared with the groups fed with a high-fat diet (p>0.05). The SAA levels detected were also insignificantly changed. Only the IL-4 tissue levels showed tendency to increase (p<0.05) in the high-fat diet group.

Conclusions: Our experiment indicates that there is a specific reaction of the heart to a high-fat diet. It also refers to the existence of adaptive mechanisms allowing the heart to counteract the development of dietary induced inflammation.
Basking activity pattern of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Babat valley (Gödöllő, Hungary)
Authors: Erdélyi Gergő , Szabó Borbála , Kiss István
Published: October 2019

The populations of the widespread European pond turtle and their numbers are decreasing in Hungary and other European countries. Knowledge of basking habits, along with other biological characteristics of the species, could be important to preserve the European pond turtle. The purpose of our research was to assess the seasonal and daily basking activity of the European pond turtle, and the effects of weather parameters on sun-basking, for which no prior data exist for Hungary. Our study was carried out in the area of a dammed valley pond system at Gödöllő (Hungary) over two years. The results showed that the seasonal peak of the turtles’ basking (the highest number of observed sun-basking turtles) was in the spring. When using a finer time scale (1.5-hour intervals), we found that daily activity peaks were earlier in the spring and summer (11:00–12:30 h) than in autumn (12:30–14:00 h). Based on three measured temperatures (air temperature in shade and sunlight, water temperature), the number of basking turtles positively correlated with temperatures and varied seasonally; the optimal temperature ranges also shifted during the year. In the spring and autumn, turtles started sun-basking at lower temperatures than in the summer. We observed the narrowest optimal temperature ranges in the summer as well. Based on a Principal Component Analysis of weather parameters, low humidity and high air temperature created optimal basking conditions, whereas high humidity, and low air and water temperatures had an adverse effect.
Simulation and Clinical Competency in Undergraduate Nursing Programs: A Multisite Prospective Study
Authors: Mancini Mary E. , LeFlore Judy L. , Cipher Daisha Jane
Published: October 2019

Background:

In prelicensure nursing education, there is a need to better understand the roles that simulation and traditional clinical instruction play in the development of clinical competence.

Method:

A prospective cohort study was conducted across four prelicensure nursing programs. Four undergraduate nursing programs tested an intervention cohort with a redesign of the use of simulation, a redistribution of clinical hours, and an implementation of these new educational approaches into simulation experiences.

Results:

The final sample consisted of 271 control students and 315 intervention students who were assessed at the end of five clinical courses. There was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups on licensure examination pass rates and no uniform differences in clinical competency.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that the redistribution of clinical hours from traditional to simulation did not affect clinical competency or licensure examination results. Such redistributions have the potential to yield comparable results.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(10):561–568.]
Readiness to Practice in Generation Z Nursing Students
Authors: Schmitt Catherine A. , Lancaster Rachelle J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Generation Z nursing students born after 1995 have been described as true digital natives with a short attention span and tendencies toward boredom. The purpose of this pilot study is to compare readiness for practice and anxiety and self-confidence during decision making between Generation Z students who completed a 4-week immersive clinical and those in a 14-week immersive clinical.

Method:

A convenience sample (
n
= 46) of Generation Z graduating baccalaureate nursing students was surveyed.

Results:

Independent samples
t
tests were conducted, with no statistical differences between groups on any measures.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that extended periods of time in an immersive clinical do not influence readiness to practice or anxiety and self-confidence during decision making in the next generation of students.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(10):604–606.]
Indocyanine Green Angiographic Features of Systemic non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Bilateral Choroidal Involvement
Authors: Saatci A. Osman , Ozcan M. Ali , Ozkal Sermin , Kargi Aydanur , Undar Bülent
Published: October 2019

A 35-year-old man with systemic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and bilateral choroidal involvement is described. Indocyanine green angiography depicts choroidal involvement much better than fluorescein angiography and seems to be superior in diagnosing and monitoring patients with systemic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and choroidal involvement. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:236-239.]
AUTHORS
From the Ophthalmology Department (AOS, GA), the Hematology Department (MAO, BU), and the Pathology Department (SO, AK), Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. Accepted for publication September 12, 2005. Address reprint requests to A. Osman Saatci, MD, Mustafa Kemal Sahil Bulvan, No: 73, A Blok, Daire 9, Narlidere, 35320, Izmir, Turkey.
Photodynamic Therapy for Choroidal Neovascularization Associated With Submacular Hemorrhage in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Bakri Sophie J. , Nickel Jonathan , Yoganathan Pradeepa , Beer Paul M.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To describe visual acuity results after photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated with large submacular hemorrhage (SMH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eyes that had AMD, at least 12 months’ follow-up, and SMH of at least 2.5 mm2, and had received no other treatment modality in conjunction with PDT, were divided into two groups: eyes with spontaneous SMH that was treated with PDT and eyes with SMH that occurred following PDT treatment. The presence of SMH did not preclude the patients from undergoing further PDT. RESULTS Mean acuity of the spontaneous SMH group was 20/294 initially and 20/252 after 12 months. Mean acuity of the post-PDT SMH group was 20/336 initially and 20/406 after 12 months. Initial and 12-month acuities in both groups were not statistically different. Mean size of the hemorrhage was 11.5 mm2 in the spontaneous SMH group and 17.8 mm2 in the post-PDT SMH group. Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference between initial and final visual acuities, regardless of the presence of blood under the fovea. Analysis by size of the SMH showed only the spontaneous SMH group with hemorrhages over 10 mm2 to have a statistically significant difference in visual acuity at 12 months (P = .0001; initial acuity, 20/230; 12-month acuity, 20/456). CONCLUSION Eyes treated with PDT for choroidal neovascularization associated with submacular hemorrhage and AMD maintained stable vision over 12 months. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:278-283.] AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology (SJB), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and the Lions Eye Institute (JN, PY, PMB), Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
Accepted for publication January 12, 2006.

Address reprint requests to Paul M. Beer, MD, Lions Eye Institute, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208.
Uveal Metastases From Breast Carcinoma in Three Male Patients
Authors: Lam Andrew , Shields Carol L. , Shields Jerry A.
Published: October 2019

The authors present a case series of three male patients with uveal metastases originating from breast carcinoma. The mean age at discovery of uveal metastases and the mean interval from diagnosis of primary breast carcinoma were 49.7 and 2.3 years, respectively. The analogous data in women are 56 and 5.4 years, respectively. In this series, all three patients were affected bilaterally and four of six eyes (67%) had multifocal tumors. In women, metastases are bilateral in 38% and multifocal in 48%. Compared with women, metastases in men may occur sooner and with a higher incidence of bilateral and multifocal tumors. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:320-323.] AUTHORS From the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Accepted for publication February 12, 2006. Support provided by the Macula Foundation, New York, New York (CLS), the Rosenthal Award of the Macula Society, Cleveland, Ohio (CLS), the Paul Kayser International Award of Merit in Retina Research, Houston, Texas (JAS), and the Eye Tumor Research Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (CLS, JAS). Address reprint requests to Carol L. Shields, MD, Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1440, Philadelphia, PA 19107.