bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Associations between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use During Pregnancy and Poor Infant Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hemady Chad Lance , Wong Siu Ching , Thurston Christina , Fry Deborah , Murray Aja Louise , Meinck Franziska
Published: April 2021

Background: Research suggests that maternal exposure to childhood adversity is associated with substance use during pregnancy and poor infant outcomes (i.e., premature birth, low birth weight). However, to date, no systematic review has synthesised the effect of ACEs on these three outcomes.Method: The framework for this review will be adapted from the guidelines laid out in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. The electronic databases to be searched will include: PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL and will be carried out by one reviewer. Studies that fit the pre-specified eligibility criteria will be screened, assessed, and extracted independently by two reviewers with discrepancies to be resolved by a third reviewer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional and cohort studies will be used to critically evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. If a sufficient number of studies are found to be comparable, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model.Discussion: This review will provide supporting evidence on the body of literature exploring the long-term and intergenerational consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The results of the review can help inform policies and interventions related to maternal health as well as early childhood development. The gaps identified in the review can also help inform recommendations for future research.
Principal leadership practices during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Thornton Kate
Published: April 2021

New Zealand secondary school principals were required to make changes to their leadership practices when schools were closed as part of a national lockdown in response to the COVID-19 situation in early 2020. Eighteen school principals from a range of secondary schools were interviewed about their experiences. The research found that principals engaged in leadership that was relational, distributed and collaborative. They prioritised the wellbeing of teachers and students, responded flexibly to the challenges faced, drew on expertise from both within and outside of the school, and took opportunities to refocus and try new ways of working.
An interesting rare tylenchid species, Antarctenchus urmiensis n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha; Psilenchidae) from Urmia Lake islands, northwest Iran, with a discussion on the taxonomy of related genera
Authors: Amiri Bonab Mohammad , Abolafia Joaquín , Pedram Majid
Published: April 2021

A population of an amphidelphic tylenchid nematode was recovered from Urmia Lake islands in association with native shrubs of the region. It had a Tylenchidae-type cloacal bursa in male and looked morphologically similar to the genera under the family Psilenchidae sensu Siddiqi, representing a new species, described and illustrated in present study as Antarctenchus urmiensis n. sp. It is characterized by the slender body at anterior region, gradually narrowing toward posterior end. Four lines in lateral fields in extremities, increasing to six at mid-body. Deirids at secretory-excretory pore (S-E pore) level and phasmids at 38–62% of the tail. Low-expanded cephalic region having a moderately sclerotized cephalic framework, continuous with body, and not flattened dorso-ventrally. Finely annulated cuticle. Amphidial apertures pore-like. Short (13–15 µm long) stylet, its conus 35–42% of the total length and three small tear-drop like knobs. Pharynx with ellipsoid metacorpus and small valve, small saccate pharyngeal bulb offset from intestine. Reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic, vulva with no membrane or epyptigma. Tail conical, not elongate or filiform, usually slightly ventrally bent, with a sharp or blunt tip and a small indentation at dorsal side close to tip. Males with similar anterior body region and tail to those of female, tylenchoid spicules and small cloacal bursa. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using partial small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA D2-D3) sequences, the new species appeared as an independent lineage between the clades of Hoplolaimina sensu Siddiqi and the clades of Atetylenchus spp. + Psilenchus spp. in the SSU phylogeny. In LSU phylogeny, it placed in a clade including representatives of Atetylenchus, Psilenchus, Amplimerlinius, Pratylenchoides, Nagelus, and Geocenamus.

The currently available phylogenies and taxonomic frameworks were re-evaluated for the placement of the didelphic Tylenchidae-like genera, the overall results showing the best resolution is achieved with the family concept of Psilenchidae under Dolichodoroidea.
DFT, Molecular Docking, and ADME/Tox Screening Investigations of Market‑Available Drugs against SARS‑CoV‑2
Authors: Araújo Joabe , de Sousa Lucas , Sousa Alice , Bastos Ruan , Santos Gardênia , Lage Mateus , Stoyanov Stanislav , Passos Ionara , de Azevedo Ricardo , Rocha Jefferson
Published: April 2021

A series of drugs was investigated to determine structural, electronic and pharmacological properties, as well as the molecular affinity for the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The drugs were submitted to density functional theory calculations to optimize structures and predict binding preferences. The optimized geometries were used in molecular docking simulations. In the docking study, the receiver was considered rigid and the drugs flexible. The Lamarckian genetic algorithm with global search and Pseudo-Solis and Wets with local search were adopted for docking. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicological properties were obtained from the Pre-ADMET online server. In this series, the antiviral atazanavir showed the potential to inhibit the main protease of SARS‑CoV‑2, based on the free binding energy, inhibition constant, binding interactions and its favorable pharmacological properties. Therefore, we recommend carrying out further studies with in vitro tests and subsequent clinical tests to analyze its effectiveness in the treatment of SARS‑CoV‑2.
Strengthening of Social Cohesion in the Practice of Liké Geleng among the Aneuk Jamè Ethnic Group in Aceh
Authors: Abubakar Bustami , Ikhwan Ikhwan , Sugiarso Sugiarso
Published: April 2021

This study discusses the implementation of liké geleng and its relationship with strengthening social cohesion among the Aneuk Jamè ethnic group in Kampung Balai, Samadua, South Aceh. The research objective is to find a link between the implementation of liké geleng and the strengthening of social cohesion in the Aneuk Jamè ethnic community. This research uses a qualitative approach. The informants consisted of religious leaders, traditional leaders, women leaders, and the community involved in carrying out the Maulid Nabi memorial in the village. The results of the study concluded that the implementation of liké geleng among the Aneuk Jamè ethnic group as an activity in commemoration of the Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW is an activity that can strengthen social cohesion among the community. This is indicated by the development of closer friendship and kinship, increasingly frequent social interactions, and stronger cooperation between communities.
Legal Regulation of the Aviation Business in Russia: Finding a Balance between Ensuring Transport Security and Air Transportation Efficiency
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice, Minnikes I.V. , Esitashvili M.D. ,   JSC «Angara Airlines»
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the trends in the development of legislation regulating the aviation business in the Russian Federation, in particular, theoretical and practical issues related to the efficiency and safety of air transportation, as well as the search for a balance between them. The article reveals the history of forming the concepts «transport security» and «aviation security» in the Soviet and modern Russian legislation. In order to clarify the Russian state authorities` powers distribution in the field of transport security and their consolidation in the current legislation, the authors investigate the features of the powers of these bodies in the historical retrospect from the beginning of the XIX century. The authors critically analyze the implementation of the certain provisions of the Government of the Russian Federation «On the approval of requirements for ensuring transport security, taking into account the safety levels for air transport vehicles», the implementation of which causes significant problems for air transport operators. It is established that the implementation of these provisions is difficult: it will significantly aggravate the existing economic situation of aircraft operators, and in combination with the general negative trends in the world can lead to a possible mass bankruptcy of domestic small and medium-sized airlines. The authors suggest ways to solve the identified problems. In particular, a possible solution in finding a balance between transport safety and the cost-effectiveness of air transportation may be a «transition period», during which the expansion of the requirements under study will affect only new aircraft.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Basit Makineler Ünitesi ile İlgili Anlayışlarını Ölçmeye Yönelik Bir Test Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: ÖZCAN Hasan , ÇETİNKAYA İsmail , ARIK Selçuk
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmada, sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin Fen Bilimleri dersi basit makineler ünitesinin kazanımlarına yönelik akademik başarılarını ölçmek üzere bir test geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2017-2018 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Aksaray il merkezinde bir devlet ortaokulunda öğrenimine devam etmekte olan, basit makineler ünitesini tamamlamış 160 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Testin amacı dikkate alınarak alanyazın incelenmesi sonucunda 25 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan madde havuzu hazırlanmıştır. Testin kapsam ve görünüş geçerliğini sağlamak üzere uzman görüşüne başvurulmuş ve 20 maddelik taslak test oluşturulmuştur. Taslak testin pilot uygulaması 24 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pilot uygulama sonrasında yapılan madde analizi ile ortalama madde güçlük indeksi (pj=.57) ve ortalama madde ayırt edicilik indeksi (rjx=.50) belirlenmiştir. Testin güvenirliği ise KR-21 güvenirlik katsayısı (.741) hesaplanarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, “Basit Makineler Ünitesi Akademik Başarı Testinin” 18 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan geçerli ve güvenilir bir test olduğunu göstermektedir.
İç Güvenliğin Değişen Gündemi ve Azerbaycan Devletinin İç Güvenliği
Authors: Ak Tarık , Hasanoğlu Murteza
Published: April 2021

İç güvenlik üzerine tartışmalar her geçen gün artmaktadır. İç güvenlik kavramı, özellikle Soğuk Savaşın sona ermesiyle birlikte önem kazanmış, ülkelerin değişen tehditlere karşı devlet, toplum ve birey temelinde tedbir alınması bağlamında önemsenmiştir. Modern devlet açısından iç güvenliğin önemi, devletin iç ve dış güvenlik arasındaki işleyişi düzenleyecek tedbirleri almasıdır. Dış güvenlik için ulusun güvenlik tedbirleri benimsenirken, iç güvenlikte ülke içerisinde devletin toplum lehinde sağlayacağı güvenliğe odaklanılır. Söz konusu teorik çerçeve kapsamında bu çalışmada Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti için bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Azerbaycan devletinin hali hazırda iç güvenlik yönetiminin anlaşılması için geçmişten günümüze etkisinde kaldığı ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasal koşullar belirlenmiş, müteakiben bu hususlar temelinde ortaya çıkan güvenlik kurumları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, literatür taraması yapılarak teorik bir zeminde yürütülmüş ve derlenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle dünyada güvenlik alanında yaşanan gelişmeler ve devletlere etkisi açıklanacak, müteakiben bu değişimin ve Azerbaycan devletinin tarihsel özellikleriyle birlikte ülkenin iç güvenlik yönetimi bağlamında etkilerinin neler olduğu hususlarına değinilecektir
RNA Coronaviruses’ Outbreaks: Recent Progress on the SARS-CoV-2
Pandemic Diagnostic Tests, Vaccination and Therapeutics
Authors: Suaifan Ghadeer A.R.Y. , Alkhawaja Bayan A. , Mohammed Aya A.M.
Published: April 2021

Coronaviruses are RNA-infective viruses that could be considered principal players in universal
high-profile outbreaks, namely the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS, 2002-2003),
the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS, 2012) and the continuing novel coronavirus disease
(COVID-19, 2019) pandemic. RNA coronaviruses infections raise public health concerns with infections’
severity ranging from serious pandemics and highly contagious infections to common influenza
episodes. With a wide consensus concerning the seminal role of early detection of the infectious agent
on the clinical prognosis, recent technological endeavors have facilitated the rapid, sensitive and specific
diagnosis of viral infections.
Given that the burst of confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are climbing
steeply, and we are amid this pandemic, this work will center at the respiratory RNA-viruses outbreaks,
including the three coronaviruses-related pandemics, emphasizing on the approved diagnostic
approaches, outlining therapeutic clinical trials as well as vaccine candidates. Based on the accumulated
data and knowledge on the previous RNA-virus outbreaks, this review aspires to link the current
intervention measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the previous interventions and to provide a
roadmap for any possible future measures.
Efficacy of McKenzie Manipulative Therapy on Pain, Functional Activity and Disability for Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Hossain Md. Forhad , Uddin Zakir , Kabir Md. Feroz , Hossain K. M. Amran , Hassan Md. Nazmul , Walton Lori
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common determinant of low back pain (LBP) and priority for cost-effective therapeutic approach is necessary. The objective of the study was to explore the effectiveness of McKenzie Manipulative Therapy (MMT) for patients with LDH.

Methodology:

This was an assessor blinded, 36-month RCT, at Center for Rehabilitation of the Paralyzed (CRP) in Savaar, Bangladesh. Seventy-two subjects, ages 28-47 years and clinically diagnosed with MRI findings of LDH, were randomly recruited from hospital records and sixty-eight found eligible. The control group received stretching exercise and graded oscillatory mobilization, and the experimental group received McKenzie manipulative therapy for 12 sessions in 4 weeks, both groups received a standard set of care also. The pain was the primary outcome and the secondary outcome was participation in functional activities and disability.

Results:

Pain and Disability found significant improvement in both groups, with the McKenzie approach significantly superior to the control group (p<.05). Bothersome in Activities (SBI) reported significantly lower post report compared to baseline for both groups (p<.01). McKenzie showed significantly superior outcomes for fear avoidance (FABQ) total and SBI feeling of abnormal sensation in leg compared to the control group (p <.05).

Conclusion:

The McKenzie manipulative therapy approach was found to be effective for pain, disability and participation in activities for single or multiple level LDH patients in a short time from day 1 to week 4, and the treatment effect extends after 6 months.

Clinical Trial Registration No.: CTRI/2020/ 04/024667.
CTX-M-type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Producing Enterobacteriaceae
Isolated from Urine in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Mahesh , Joshi Prabhu Raj , Thapa Kamal , Paudel Saroj , Poudel Prativa , Bonnet Richard
Published: April 2021

Background:

Despite the global increase of CTX-M type Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases
(ESBLs) in recent years among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from urinary tract infections, little
data is available from Nepal.

Objective:

This study was conducted to detect the genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases
among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the urine samples from Nepal.

Methods:

A total of 148 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from urine samples in Annapurna
Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences from July 2016 to June 2017. ESBL production was
detected according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommended
method. PCR and sequencing were used for the detection of ESBL genes.

Results:

Overall, 24.3% (36/148) of the study isolates were positive for ESBL production. E. coli
was the predominant ESBL-producing organism (28.8%). ESBL-producing organisms showed a
high rate of resistance to ceftazidime (58.4%), cefepime (91.7%), aztreonam (83.4%), and
ciprofloxacin (80.6%). Also, 30.6% of ESBL-producing organisms were multi-drug resistant. All
ESBL producers were CTX-M positive; other ESBL genes were not detected. The majority of the
ESBL positive organisms produced CTX-M-15 (n= 31) and few organisms (n= 5) were CTX-M-27
producers.

Conclusion:

The present study shows that the predominant CTX-M type ESBL in our hospital setting
is CTX-M-15.
Conditional Probability of Jumps in Oil Prices
Authors: Lorenzo-Valdés Arturo
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research is to model the behavior of oil returns. The volatility of oil returns is described through a TGARCH process. Conditional probability jumps are incorporated through uniform, double exponential and normal jump intensity distributions. We found that the volatility of oil returns follows the stylized facts of leptokurtosis, leverage effect and volatility clustering. The abnormal information that causes the jumps, can cause another type of unexpected changes in the following period and the intensity of the jumps has a negative effect on the probability of jumps in the next period. The dynamic model proposed can be extended to other markets and to multivariate time series modeling considering the dependence among the markets’ returns. The main contribution of this work is the estimation of the conditional probability of jumps depending on the previous behavior leading to a better description of the stochastic dynamics of crude oil prices. This will be useful for making better decisions regarding oil as an underlying asset in derivatives or in the formulation of better public policies.
Emergency Physician Twitter Use in the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Potential Predictor of Impending Surge: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Margus Colton , Brown Natasha , Hertelendy Attila J , Safferman Michelle R , Hart Alexander , Ciottone Gregory R
Published: April 2021

Background

The early conversations on social media by emergency physicians offer a window into the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

This retrospective observational study of emergency physician Twitter use details how the health care crisis has influenced emergency physician discourse online and how this discourse may have use as a harbinger of ensuing surge.

Methods

Followers of the three main emergency physician professional organizations were identified using Twitter’s application programming interface. They and their followers were included in the study if they identified explicitly as US-based emergency physicians. Statuses, or tweets, were obtained between January 4, 2020, when the new disease was first reported, and December 14, 2020, when vaccination first began. Original tweets underwent sentiment analysis using the previously validated Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) tool as well as topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation unsupervised machine learning. Sentiment and topic trends were then correlated with daily change in new COVID-19 cases and inpatient bed utilization.

Results

A total of 3463 emergency physicians produced 334,747 unique English-language tweets during the study period. Out of 3463 participants, 910 (26.3%) stated that they were in training, and 466 of 902 (51.7%) participants who provided their gender identified as men. Overall tweet volume went from a pre-March 2020 mean of 481.9 (SD 72.7) daily tweets to a mean of 1065.5 (SD 257.3) daily tweets thereafter. Parameter and topic number tuning led to 20 tweet topics, with a topic coherence of 0.49. Except for a week in June and 4 days in November, discourse was dominated by the health care system (45,570/334,747, 13.6%). Discussion of pandemic response, epidemiology, and clinical care were jointly found to moderately correlate with COVID-19 hospital bed utilization (Pearson r=0.41), as was the occurrence of “covid,” “coronavirus,” or “pandemic” in tweet texts (r=0.47). Momentum in COVID-19 tweets, as demonstrated by a sustained crossing of 7- and 28-day moving averages, was found to have occurred on an average of 45.0 (SD 12.7) days before peak COVID-19 hospital bed utilization across the country and in the four most contributory states.

Conclusions

COVID-19 Twitter discussion among emergency physicians correlates with and may precede the rising of hospital burden. This study, therefore, begins to depict the extent to which the ongoing pandemic has affected the field of emergency medicine discourse online and suggests a potential avenue for understanding predictors of surge.
Prosociality and the Uptake of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Survey Analysis of Intergenerational Differences in Japan (Preprint)
Authors: Shoji Masahiro , Ito Asei , Cato Susumu , Iida Takashi , Ishida Kenji , Katsumata Hiroto , McElwain Kenneth Mori
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

To control the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to trace and contain infection chains; for this reason, policymakers have endorsed the usage of contact tracing apps. To date, over 50 countries have released such apps officially or semiofficially, but those that rely on citizens’ voluntary uptake suffer from low adoption rates, reducing their effectiveness. Early studies suggest that the low uptake is driven by citizens’ concerns about security and privacy, as well as low perceptions of infection risk and benefits from the usage. However, these do not explore important generational differences in uptake decision or the association between individuals’ prosociality and uptake.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to examine the role of individuals’ prosociality and other factors discussed in the literature, such as perceived risk and trust in government, in encouraging the usage of contact tracing apps in Japan. We paid particular attention to generational differences.

METHODS

A web-based survey was conducted in Japan 6 months after the release of a government-sponsored contact tracing app. Participants were recruited from individuals aged between 20 and 69 years. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to measure prosociality, risk perception, and trust in government. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between these factors and uptake.

RESULTS

There was a total of 7084 respondents, and observations from 5402 respondents were used for analysis, of which 791 respondents (14.6%) had ever used the app. Two factors of prosociality were retained: agreeableness and attachment to the community. Full-sample analysis demonstrated app uptake was determined by agreeableness, attachment to the community, concern about health risks, concern about social risks, and trust in the national government; however, important differences existed. The uptake decision of respondents aged between 20 and 39 years was attributed to their attachment to the community (odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.48). Agreeable personality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.35), concern about social risk (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.35), and trust in national government (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28) were key determinants for those aged between 40 and 59 years. For those aged over 60 years, concerns about health risks determined the uptake decision (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.24-1.80).

CONCLUSIONS

Policymakers should implement different interventions for each generation to increase the adoption rate of contact tracing apps. It may be effective to inform older adults about the health benefits of the apps. For middle-age adults, it is important to mitigate concerns about security and privacy issues, and for younger generations, it is necessary to boost their attachment to their community by utilizing social media and other web-based network tools.
A Study on the Dynamic Relationship between Digital Financial Development, Social Consumption and Economic Growth
Authors: Hongxi Chen , Juan Peng
Published: April 2021

With the development of the Internet, digital finance provides “efficient, responsible and commercially sustainable” financial services to more economic agents at a lower cost of capital and in a more convenient way, thus achieving the long-term goal of financial services that are both inclusive and precise in the real economy. Social consumption and economic growth are closely related, as the economy increases, so does consumption, and consumption also drives economic growth. By building a VAR model and using econometric methods, this paper empirically analyses that the three factors, namely digital economy development, social consumption and economic growth, have obvious roles and long-term dynamic relationships, but there is no good dynamic cycle between the three factors, and gives corresponding policy recommendations.
Validating a Method to Ensure the Destruction of Salmonella on Product Surfaces During Impingement Cooking
Authors: Sindelar Jeffrey J. , Hanson Robert , Glass Kathleen A. , Milkowski Andrew , McMinn Russell P. , Nehls Jordan
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the effectiveness of cooking processes that incorporated hydrated surface lethality (HSL) steps for ensuring the reduction of Salmonella on the surfaces of small-dimension meat and poultry products cooked using short-duration, high-temperature impingement oven processes. Whole-muscle chicken tenders (3% fat), beef patties (10% and 30% fat), pork patties (10% and 30% fat), and chicken patties (10% and 20% fat) were surface inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of Salmonella to yield 8 log colony-forming units/g, then cooked in a two-zone impingement oven using either dry heat or steam-humidified HSL processes. The HSL steps used steam injection to control the wet-bulb temperature at either 71.1°C or 82.2°C. Dry-heat cooking processes using a dry-bulb temperature of 204.4°C and no steam-injected HSL steps failed to consistently achieve a 6.5 log reduction of Salmonella on chicken tenders and the low-fat patty products (≤10% fat). In contrast, processes incorporating an HSL step using an 82.2°C wet-bulb temperature in one or both zones resulted in ≥6.5 log reductions of Salmonella for all products. Sufficient reductions were achieved regardless of whether this 82.2°C wet-bulb HSL step was incorporated before or after a dry-cook step. Processes that incorporated an HSL step using a 71.1°C wet-bulb temperature in both zones also resulted in reductions ≥6.5 log for all products. Processes using a 71.1°C wet-bulb HSL step in only one zone delivered ≥ 6.5 log reduction for all of the patty products. However, the one-zone 71.1°C HSL step achieved ≥6.5 log reduction in chicken tenders only if used in the first zone of the two-zone oven. When the 71.1°C HSL step was used in the second zone for chicken tenders after using dry heat in the first zone, the target reduction of 6.5 log was not achieved. This research successfully validated approaches to ensure ≥6.5 log reduction of Salmonella on product surfaces.
Cómo toma cuerpo la formación en género y mujeres en la carrera de Historia
Authors: Rocha Milagros María
Published: April 2021

El presente escrito indaga acerca de los motivos por los cuales ingresan las temáticas de género y mujeres en la formación del Profesorado en Historia, de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina. Se recuperan las respuestas aportadas por docentes que han sido referentes del tema en las materias del bloque histórico obligatorio a través de 40 formularios virtuales, además de analizar programas y consultar a docentes de la carrera. El artículo se estructura en torno a dos interrogantes: ¿cómo toma cuerpo la enseñanza de género y mujeres en la carrera de Historia?, y ¿cómo nos forma y formamos en género? Los encuentros de cátedra fueron los espacios más señalados en los que se propicia la inclusión de materiales y bibliografía referente a temas de mujeres y género, seguidos por la influencia de algún/a integrante de la cátedra.
Evaluation of pre-germination treatments in Carapa guianensis AUBL
Authors: Bacca Pedro Pablo , Zuluaga Jhon Jairo , Pérez José Ives , Burbano Diana Lucía , Palacio Manfred Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Understanding seed germination of native forest species of the Tropical wet forest is essential for ecosystem regeneration and conservation, which have been affected by the exploitation of wood and non-wood forest products. Carapa guianensis Aulb. (Meliaceae) has been exploited due to the high quality of its wood and seeds. Particularly, the latter is a source of a medicinal oil of high value to the pharmaceutical industry. The indiscriminate use of this species has reduced its population size; therefore, scientific knowledge of its sexual propagation in nurseries is vital. This research aimed to evaluate seed germination of C. guianensis under different pre-germination treatments and substrates at the Centro de Investigación El Mira of AGROSAVIA. Pre-germination assays were conducted in a split-plot design with a random distribution of four repetitions. The cumulative germination percentage (CGP) and mean germination time (t50) were calculated and analyzed through an ANOVA, and Tukey’s multiple comparison test using InfoStat V.2016. Significant differences for CGP among treatments (p<0.0001) and interactions (p<0.0096) were found. The highest germination percentage (61%) was achieved in S1+T4; however, the T50 did not show significant differences (p=0.24). This research demonstrates that the highest germination percentage is achieved through a scarification treatment with imbibition in sand substrate under the agroclimatic conditions of Tumaco.
Kerjasama Komite Dan Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Madrasah Aliyah Negeri di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Mistaruddin Mistaruddin
Published: April 2021

Education plays a very important role in the process of improving the quality of human resources and is a process that is integrated with the process of improving the quality of human resources themselves. For this reason, the government implements School-Based Management which involves relevant stakeholders, especially the community. This study aims to find out and analyze the collaboration of the Committee (community) with the Head of Madrasa in terms of improving the quality of education at Madrasa Aliyah Negeri in Banda Aceh City. Data collection in this study was conducted by interview, documentation, and observation. While the results of this study are the authors find that the Cooperation Committee and the Head of MAN in Banda Aceh City have been carried out in the form of partnerships that synergize and mutually understand the roles and functions of each institution in order to improve the quality of Madrasah education, this is clearly seen by the implementation of the boarding school program, student creativity activities, extracurricular activities and also academic achievement of students who continue to increase along with the increasing intensity of collaboration of the committee and the head of the Madrasah as a whole in all aspects that include learning activities, facilities, infrastructure, and technical education materially and non materially, so that it gives a significant influence on the quality of education at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Banda Aceh City.
Beyond Western Pop Lenses: O Circuito das Japonesidades e Coreanidades Pop e seus Eventos Culturais/Musicais em SP e RJ
Authors: Urbano Krystal
Published: April 2021

Partindo de uma perspectiva desocidentalizante no que tange à investigação dos fluxos da cultura pop que se verificam no Brasil, o artigo discute o papel central dos eventos culturais/musicais relacionados ao pop “asiático” no estabelecimento de um circuito em torno das japonesidades e coreanidades pop nas cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Através de uma etnografia urbana realizada entre 2014 e 2017 nos locais onde se realizam as convenções e eventos de fãs, os shows e espetáculos “ao vivo” e as festas noturnas e matinês de música pop “oriental”, me interessava perceber o processo de recepção e consumo da experiência com a cultura pop japonesa e sulcoreana entre os seus realizadores e frequentadores. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa de campo evidenciaram como as relações interculturais acontecem nos espaços urbanos e virtuais, entre os fluxos globais e locais, bem como as diferentes forças e atores que impulsionam e regem a difusão do fenômeno da Japão Mania e da Onda Coreana no Brasil.
Entre Documentos, Inquirições e Inspeções: A Trama da Produção de Provas em Processos de Aposentadoria Rural nos Juizados Especiais Federais
Authors: Angelo Jordi Othon , Cardoso de Oliveira Luís Roberto
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar as percepções de advogados sobre a produção de provas nos processos de aposentadoria por idade rural que tramitam nos Juizados Especiais Federais, em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Constatamos, a partir da observação de audiências e da realização de entrevistas com advogados que atuam nos Juizados Especiais Federais, que as práticas processuais nesse contexto têm traços acentuadamente inquisitoriais, e identificamos, ainda, que três formas de produção de provas estruturam os processos de aposentadoria rural, engendrando um tripé probatório flexível, articulado e significado de diferentes maneiras por advogados e juízes. Através desse tripé, os atores processuais elaboram uma biografia judicial dos agricultores, com o intuito de determinar a quem deve ser reconhecido – ou não – o direito à aposentadoria por idade rural.
Os Lírios Que Nascem da Lei: Reflexões sobre o Acesso à Justiça da Política Nacional de Conciliação Brasileira
Authors: Pellegrini Elizabete , Almeida Frederico de
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os sentidos de acesso e de justiça construídos pela política nacional de conciliação. A metodologia adotou uma abordagem etnográfica, incluindo um período de observação participante em um Centro Judiciário de Solução de Conflito e Cidadania localizado em uma cidade do interior paulista, em 2017. Os resultados indicaram que, na prática, os sentidos da política ficam limitados à ideia de que pacificar um conflito é fazer com que um acordo seja assinado. Ao identificar que empresas e ‘jogadores habituais’ continuam tendo mais privilégios de barganha e que indivíduos menos privilegiados são mais incentivados a aceitar propostas de acordo, concluímos que as práticas de conciliação revelam um modelo de justiça neoliberal e criam novos mecanismos de reprodução de desigualdade.
Translokalt engagement i landdistrikterne: Den mobile elites nye legeplads?
Authors: Topsø Larsen Karin , Broegaard Rikke Brandt , Havtorn Larsen Lene
Published: April 2021

Denne artikel tager udgangspunkt i tidens stigende translokale tendenser, derer karakteriseret ved øget mobilitet og multiple stedsidentiteter. Udviklingenopbløder dikotomien mellem beboere og besøgende i de danske landdistrikter.Artiklen fokuserer på de deltidsbeboere, der engagerer sig aktivt i lokaleudviklingsprojekter f.eks. som investorer i lokale forretninger, projektlederefor kulturarvs- og kulturinstitutionsprojekter, eventmagere eller aktiehavere ilokale bæredygtighedsprojekter. Der ses en flertydig påvirkning af stedernessociologi, ligesom stedskvaliteter, der i udgangspunktet er med til at motivereog tiltrække midlertidige aktører, påvirkes. Teoretisk bygges på en forståelseaf stedsudviklingsprocesser som multiskalære, flerdimensionelle og dybt betingetaf forskellige sociale aktørers differentierede kapacitet til mobilitet ogstedsengagement. Empirisk er artiklen baseret på kvalitativ forskning foretageti 2018 på fire attraktive nordiske øer. Undersøgelsens resultater pegerpå, at deltidsbeboerne indgår i en række translokale engagementsfælleskabersammen med lokale kræfter, og at de motiveres af oplevede stedskvaliteterknyttet til forestillingen om det rurale såvel som af de fællesskaber, de indgåri – eventuelt med andre ressourcestærke deltidsaktører som hovedattraktionen.De translokale fællesskaber udgør et betydeligt stedsudviklingspotentiale,men rummer samtidig et potentiale for social eksklusion, fordi de ressourcestærkested-skabere, der rummer både fuldtids- og deltidsbeboere, kanrisikere at understøtte økonomiske gentrificeringsprocesser såvel som fremme social displacement.
Bio-Optical Characteristics of the Black Sea Coastal Waters near Sevastopol: Assessment of the MODIS and VIIRS Products Accuracy
Authors: Skorokhod E. Yu. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences,  Sevastopol, Russia, Churilova T. Ya. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences,  Sevastopol, Russia, Efimova T. V. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Moiseeva N. A. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Suslin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to evaluate accuracy of the satellite products for the coastal waters near Sevastopol, reconstructed by the standard algorithms based on the MODIS and VIIRS (installed at the artificial Earth satellites Aqua and Terra, and at Suomi NPP, respectively) data. Methods and Results. In situ sampling was carried out at the station (44°37'26" N and 33°26'05" E) located at a distance of two miles from the Sevastopol Bay. The chlorophyll a concentration was measured by the spectrophotometric method. The spectral light absorption coefficients by optically active components were measured in accordance with the current NASA protocol. The spectroradiometers MODIS and VIIRS Level 2 data with spatial resolution 1 km in nadir around the in situ station (44°37'26"±0°00'32" N and 33°26'05"±0°00'54" E) were used. The satellite products were processed by the SeaDAS 7.5.3 software developed in NASA. The research showed that the standard NASA algorithms being applied to the MODIS and VIIRS data, yielded incorrect values of the optically active components’ content in the Black Sea coastal waters near Sevastopol as compared to the data of in situ measurements in the same region: the satellite-derived “chlorophyll a concentration” was on average 1.6 times lower in spring, and 1.4 times higher in summer; the contribution of phytoplankton pigments to total light absorption at 443 nm was underestimated in 8.7 times; the light absorption by colored detrital organic matter was overestimated in 2.2 times. Conclusions. The NASA standard algorithms are inapplicable to calculating bio-optical indices in the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol since they provide incorrect values of the satellite products (Ca-s, aph-s(443) and aCDM-s(443)). Operative ecological monitoring based on satellite data requires development of a regional algorithm taking into account the seawater optical features in the region and in the coastal zone, in particular.
Search for an Optimal Configuration of Projected Municipal Sewerage Outfalls in the Sevastopol Bay using Computational Modelling and Geoinformation Analysis
Authors: Ryabtsev Yu. N. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Verzhevskaia L. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Rauen T. V. ,   A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Tsyganova M. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Nikishin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia,   Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia, Bagaev A. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Numerous studies have shown that the current hydrochemical and hydrobiological state of the Sevastopol Bay has a negative impact on its biodiversity and recreational potential of the region. An increase in population and tourist flow, as well as plans for intense development of the coastal zone resources actualize the task of assessing the impact of the existing and planned configuration of the municipal sewage facilities on the most visited seashore areas and mariculture development. We propose a numerical method for calculating the function of influence of municipal sewage on the quality of the Sevastopol Bay water. Calculations were performed for the city beaches, esplanade of Primorsky Boulevard, piers and the mussel farm with various potential options of outfalls arrangement in mind. We have compared the data from available sources as to arrangement and character of the municipal sewerage outfalls. We have analyzed the connectivity between the known outfalls and areas where contaminated suspended matter is undesirable for each map of the influence function field. The analysis showed Ushakova Balka Beach to be the most susceptible to storm water and sewerage discharge. The areas near the berths on the Severnaya Side are strongly influenced by the immediately adjacent outfalls. Concentration of suspended matter released from the stormwater sewerage in the city center has a dramatic impact on the water condition at major places of recreation of city residents.
CELAS E ELAS – DESMONTANDO CENAS E CONSTRUINDO LUGARES DE FALA E ESCUTA NO TEATRO FEMINISTA
Authors: Steckert Jacobs Daiane Dordete
Published: April 2021

Este artigo imbrica relatos e reflexões sobre o processo de criação da (des)montagem teatral e perfopalestra celas e elas, experiência teatral que aborda a opressão de gênero em prisões metafóricas e reais de mulheres, como um exercício de lugares de fala e de escuta no teatro feminista. Palavras-chaveCelas e Elas. Lugar de Fala e Lugar de Escuta. Desmontagem Teatral. Perfopalestra. Teatro Feminista.
Knockout of the lignin pathway gene BnF5H decreases the S/G lignin composition ratio and improves S. sclerotiorum resistance in B. napus
Authors: Cao Yanru , Yan Xingying , Ran Shuyao , Ralph John , Smith Rebecca , Chen Xueping , Qu Cunmin , Li Jiana , Liu Liezhao
Published: April 2021

Ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a key enzyme involved in the conversion
of the guaiacyl monolignol (G-monolignol) to the syringyl monolignol
(S-monolignol) in angiosperms. The monolignol ratio has been proposed to
affect biomass recalcitrance and the resistance to plant disease.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) stem rot of Brassica napus
(B. napus) causes heavy damage in oilseed rape production. To date,
there is no information about the effect of the lignin monomer ratio on
the resistance to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus. Four dominantly expressed
BnF5H genes were knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 simultaneously in B. napus,
and the f5h mutant KO-7 was generated. The S/G lignin composition ratio
was decreased compared to that of the wild type (WT) based on the
results of Mӓule staining and 2D-NMR profiling. The resistance to S.
sclerotiorum in stems and leaves increased in KO-7. Furthermore, we
found that the stem strength of KO-7 was significantly increased
compared to that of the WT. Collectively, for the first time, we
demonstrate that knockout of the lignin pathway gene F5H decreases the
S/G ratio, improves S. sclerotiorum resistance in B. napus, and
increases stem strength.
Mitochondria regulate TRPV4 mediated release of ATP
Authors: Zhang Xun , Lee Matthew , Buckley Charlotte , Wilson Calum , McCarron John
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose Ca influx via TRPV4
triggers Ca release from the
IP-sensitive internal store to generate repetitive
oscillations. While mitochondria are acknowledged regulators of
IP-mediated Ca release, how
TRPV4-mediated Ca signals are regulated by
mitochondria is unknown. We show that depolarised mitochondria switch
TRPV4 signalling from relying on Ca-induced
Ca release at IP receptors, to
being independent of Ca influx and instead mediated
by ATP release via pannexins. Experimental Approach TRPV4
evoked Ca signals were individually examined in
hundreds of cells in the endothelium of rat mesenteric resistance
arteries using the indicator Cal520. Key ResultsTRPV4
activation with GSK1016790A(GSK) generated repetitive
Ca oscillations that required Ca
influx. However, when the mitochondrial membrane potential was
depolarised, by the uncoupler CCCP or complex I inhibitor rotenone,
TRPV4 activation generated large propagating, multicellular,
Ca waves in the absence of external
Ca. The ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin did not
potentiate TRPV4 mediated Ca signals. GSK-evoked
Ca waves, when mitochondria were depolarised, were
blocked by the TRPV4 channel blocker HC067047, the SERCA inhibitor
cyclopiazonic acid, the phospholipase C (PLC) blocker U73122 and the
inositol triphosphate receptor (IP R) blocker caffeine.
The Ca waves were also inhibited by the
extracellular ATP blockers suramin and apyrase and the pannexin blocker
probenecid. Conclusion and Implications These results highlight
a previously unknown role of mitochondria in shaping TRPV4 mediated
Ca signalling by facilitating ATP release. When
mitochondria are depolarised, TRPV4-mediated release of ATP via pannexin
channels activates plasma membrane purinergic receptors to trigger
IP evoked Ca release.