bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transnational logic of gratitude: Marriage migrants’ narratives on marital satisfaction in South Korea
Authors: Jung Gowoon
Published: June 2021

Scholarship on marriage migrants has examined the impact of class and gender ideology of receiving countries on their marital satisfaction. However, little is known about the role of transnational background in explaining women’s feelings of gratitude for husbands. Drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with marriage migrant women residing in the eastern side of Seoul, Korea, this article explores the micro-level cognitive processes in understanding women’s gratitude for their husbands. Categorizing marriage migrants into two groups, ‘gratified’ and ‘ungratified’ wives, the author demonstrates how the gratified wives’ feelings of contentment is mediated by their active comparison of Korean husbands with local men in their homelands, and how these viewpoints conversely affect their aspirations for return. Bringing the sociology of emotion into an explanation of marriage migrants’ marital satisfaction, this study aims to develop a transnational frame of reference as an underlying dynamic for comprehending marriage migrants’ (in)gratitude.
Defining Clinically Significant Improvement on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Test at 1-Year Follow-up for Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Bodendorfer Blake M. , DeFroda Steven F. , Clapp Ian M. , Newhouse Alexander , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Nho Shane J.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Although minimal clinically important difference (MCID), Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) have been defined for hip-specific legacy patient-reported outcome measures, these metrics have not been defined for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

To define the MCID, PASS, and SCB thresholds for the PROMIS Physical Function (PF) computerized adaptive test (CAT) and PROMIS Pain Interference (PI) instruments in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Study Design:

Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy between August 2018 and January 2019 for the treatment of FAIS were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were administered the PROMIS-PF, PROMIS-PI, Hip Outcome Score (HOS)–Activities of Daily Living, HOS–Sports Subscale, modified Harris Hip Score, and International Hip Outcome Tool–12 preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. MCID was calculated using the distribution method, whereas PASS and SCB were calculated using an anchor-based method. Patients achieving clinically significant outcomes (CSOs) were compared with those who did not achieve CSOs via chi-square and independent-samples t tests, and a multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine predictors of CSO achievement.

Results:

124 patients with a mean age of 32.7 ± 12.3 years were included in the analysis. The threshold scores required to achieve MCID, PASS, and SCB, respectively, were as follows: PROMIS-PI (–3.1, 53.7, 51.9) and PROMIS-PF (3.3, 47.0, 49.9). Patients achieved any MCID, PASS, and SCB for PROMIS scores at a rate of 89.0%, 71.8%, and 62.1%, respectively, compared with 87.1%, 76.6%, and 71.8% for legacy patient-reported outcome measurements. For PROMIS-PF, higher preoperative PROMIS-PF score was a positive predictor of CSO achievement, and patients achieving SCB were significantly younger (30.3 ± 12 vs 35.6 ± 12 years; P = .017) with significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (24.7 ± 6.4 vs 27.9 ± 7; P = .009). Preoperative chronic pain and history of orthopaedic surgery were negative predictors of PROMIS-PI CSO achievement, whereas higher (worse) preoperative PROMIS-PI scores were a positive predictor.

Conclusion:

Our study defined the MCID, PASS, and SCB for the PROMIS-PF CAT and PROMIS-PI CAT at 1 year postoperatively. Patients with higher preoperative PROMIS scores, younger age, and lower BMI were more likely to achieve CSO, whereas preoperative chronic pain and history of orthopaedic surgery were negative predictors of CSO achievement.
An Anterior Cruciate Ligament In Vitro Rupture Model Based on Clinical Imaging
Authors: Willinger Lukas , Athwal Kiron K. , Williams Andy , Amis Andrew A.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Biomechanical studies on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and reconstructions are based on ACL transection instead of realistic injury trauma.

Purpose:

To replicate an ACL injury in vitro and compare the laxity that occurs with that after an isolated ACL transection injury before and after ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Nine paired knees were ACL injured or ACL transected. For ACL injury, knees were mounted in a rig that imposed tibial anterior translation at 1000 mm/min to rupture the ACL at 22.5° of flexion, 5° of internal rotation, and 710 N of joint compressive force, replicating data published on clinical bone bruise locations. In contralateral knees, the ACL was transected arthroscopically at midsubstance. Both groups had ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone graft. Native, ACL-deficient, and reconstructed knee laxities were measured in a kinematics rig from 0° to 100° of flexion with optical tracking: anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal rotation (IR), anterolateral (ATT + IR), and pivot shift (IR + valgus).

Results:

The ACL ruptured at 26 ± 5 mm of ATT and 1550 ± 620 N of force (mean ± SD) with an audible spring-back tibiofemoral impact with 5o of valgus. ACL injury and transection increased ATT ( P < .001). ACL injury caused greater ATT than ACL transection by 1.4 mm (range, 0.4-2.2 mm; P = .033). IR increased significantly in ACL-injured knees between 0° and 30° of flexion and in ACL transection knees from 0° to 20° of flexion. ATT during the ATT + IR maneuver was increased by ACL injury between 0° and 80° and after ACL transection between 0° and 60°. Residual laxity persisted after ACL reconstruction from 0° to 40° after ACL injury and from 0° to 20° in the ACL transection knees. ACL deficiency increased ATT and IR in the pivot-shift test ( P < .001). The ATT in the pivot-shift increased significantly at 0° to 20° after ACL transection and 0° to 50° after ACL injury, and this persisted across 0° to 20° and 0° to 40° after ACL reconstruction.

Conclusion:

This study developed an ACL injury model in vitro that replicated clinical ACL injury as evidenced by bone bruise patterns. ACL injury caused larger increases of laxity than ACL transection, likely because of damage to adjacent tissues; these differences often persisted after ACL reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:

This in vitro model created more realistic ACL injuries than surgical transection, facilitating future evaluation of ACL reconstruction techniques.
Functional Ankle Range of Motion but Not Peak Achilles Tendon Force Diminished With Heel-Rise and Jumping Tasks After Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Zellers Jennifer A. , Baxter Josh R. , Grävare Silbernagel Karin
Published: June 2021

Background:

Deficits in sporting performance after Achilles tendon repair may be due to changes in musculotendinous unit structure, including tendon elongation and muscle fascicle shortening.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to discern whether Achilles tendon rupture reduces triceps surae muscle force generation, alters functional ankle range of motion, or both during sports-related tasks. We hypothesized that individuals who have undergone Achilles tendon repair lack the functional ankle range of motion needed to complete sports-related tasks.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The study included individuals 1 to 3 years after treatment of Achilles tendon rupture with open repair. Participants (n = 11) completed a heel-rise task and 3 jumping tasks. Lower extremity biomechanics were analyzed using motion capture. Between-limb differences were tested using paired t test.

Results:

Pelvic vertical displacement was reduced during the heel-rise (mean difference, −12.8%; P = .026) but not during the jumping task ( P > .1). In the concentric phase of all tasks, peak ankle plantarflexion angle (range of mean difference, −19.2% to −48.8%; P < .05) and total plantar flexor work (defined as the area under the plantar flexor torque – ankle angle curve) (range of mean difference, −9.5% to −25.7%; P < .05) were lower on the repaired side relative to the uninjured side. No significant differences were seen in peak Achilles tendon load or impulse with any of the tasks. There were no differences in plantar flexor work or Achilles tendon load parameters during eccentric phases.

Conclusion:

Impaired task performance or increased demands on proximal joints were observed on the repaired side in tasks isolating ankle function. Tasks that did not isolate ankle function appeared to be well recovered, although functional ankle range of motion was reduced with rupture. Reduced plantar flexor muscle-tendon unit work supports previous reports that an elongated tendon and shorter muscle fascicles caused by Achilles tendon rupture constrain functional capacity. Achilles tendon peak load and impulse were not decreased, suggesting that reduced and shifted functional ankle range of motion (favoring dorsiflexion) underlies performance deficits.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings point to the need to reduce tendon elongation and restore muscle length of the triceps surae after Achilles tendon rupture in order to address musculature that is short but not necessarily weak for improved performance with sports-related activities.
Extended intergroup contact in frozen conflicts: Experimental evidence from Cyprus
Authors: Donno Daniela , Psaltis Charis , Zarpli Omer
Published: June 2021

How can ethnic reconciliation be achieved in conflict settings where populations are physically separated? We address this question by examining the role of “extended contact”—a form of indirect contact which entails learning about the contact experiences of others—in the context of Cyprus’s frozen conflict. We field a survey experiment in order to test two pathways through which extended contact works: (1) by helping build a common identity; and (2) by activating empathy. We find that our treatments are associated with greater trust in the outgroup and greater support for cross-ethnic interaction, but only among segments of the population that are initially less favorable toward reconciliation.
To fight or demonstrate? Micro foundations of inequality and conflict
Authors: Hillesund Solveig
Published: June 2021

Do people from disadvantaged ethnic groups favor political violence over non-violent tactics? Studies of horizontal (between-group) inequality often concentrate on civil war. This article drills below the macro level and looks beyond civil war, to investigate individual participation in various types of conflict. Different types and combinations of ethnic disadvantage favor participation in different kinds of conflict, because of different opportunity structures. Political exclusion motivates leadership, which facilitates organized movements. Economic disadvantages restrict economic leverage, making non-violent tactics less likely to succeed. The article maps these components of groups’ opportunity structure onto different constellations of inequality. It uses Afrobarometer survey data ( N = 29,727) to show that economic disadvantages increase participation in political violence short of civil war. When they coincide with political exclusion, they also make people steer actively away from demonstrations. The evidence is less conclusive for political disadvantages alone, but points toward increased participation in demonstrations.
Association Between Intimate Partner Violence Subtypes and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Hazardous Substance Use
Authors: Yalch Matthew M. , Rickman Sloane R. M.
Published: June 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common problem for women in the United States and is associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as hazardous use of substances like alcohol and drugs. However, not all subtypes of IPV (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological) are equally predictive of PTSD and hazardous substance use. Although previous research suggests that psychological IPV has the strongest relative effect on PTSD symptoms and substance use, there is less research on IPV subtypes’ cumulative effects. In this study, we examined the relative and cumulative effects of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV on PTSD symptoms and hazardous substance use in a sample of women in the United States recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk ( N = 793) using bootstrapped multiple regression and configural frequency analyses. Results suggest that physical IPV had the most pronounced influence (medium-large effect sizes) on substance use across women, but that the cumulative effects of all three IPV subtypes were most closely associated with diagnostic levels of both PTSD and substance use at the level of groups of women. These findings clarify and extend previous research on the differential effects of IPV subtypes and provide directions for future research and clinical intervention.
Industrial Policy and Local Economic Transformation: Evidence From the U.S. Rust Belt
Authors: Armstrong Ben
Published: June 2021

State and local governments frequently invest in policies aimed at stimulating the growth of new industries, but studies of industrial policy and related economic development initiatives cast doubt on their effectiveness. This article examines the role of state-level industrial policies in contributing to the different economic trajectories of two U.S. metro areas—Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio—as they adapted to the decline of their legacy industries. Comparative case studies show that industrial policies in Pittsburgh, which empowered research universities as local economic leaders, contributed to the transformation of the local economy. In Cleveland, by contrast, state industrial policies invested in making incremental improvements, particularly in legacy sectors. The article concludes that by empowering new local economic actors—such as universities—industrial policies can foment political change that enables structural economic change to follow.
Jobs, Careers, and Callings: Exploring Work Orientation at Mid-Career
Authors: Mantler Janet , Campbell Bernadette , Dupré Kathryne E.
Published: June 2021

Mid-career is a time when work orientation (i.e., viewing ones’ work as a job, a career, or a calling) comes into sharper focus. Using Wrzeniewski et al.’s tripartite model, we conducted a discriminant function analysis to determine the combination of variables that best discriminates among people who are aligned with a job, a career, or a calling orientation in a sample of 251 full-time, North American mid-career employees. Compared to those who approach work as a job, those with a calling orientation were more engaged in work. The career-oriented stood apart from the others as a function of shorter job tenure, greater turnover intentions, work engagement, career satisfaction, and a tendency to engage in career self-comparisons. Work-orientation groups did not differ significantly in terms of family centrality, work–life balance, life satisfaction, or well-being. The results suggest that the work orientations represent distinct and equally valid ways to approach work.
Leaders’ Negotiation of Teacher Evaluation Policy in Immigrant-Serving Schools
Authors: Jaffe-Walter Reva , Villavicencio Adriana
Published: June 2021

This paper examines how school leaders working within schools serving immigrant English Learners negotiate teacher evaluation policies, including how they influence compliance with mandated policies, communicate those policies to teachers, and guide implementation within their professional communities. We explore how a leader in a school with positive outcomes negotiates external policies to support authentic professional growth and maximize learning opportunities for immigrant ELs. In addition, we draw on data from a comparison school that also serves a high proportion of ELs, but where policies have been enacted in ways that focus on compliance, increase anxiety, and add little value to EL students. In doing so, we show how leaders can mitigate the unintended consequences of mandated policies by addressing teachers’ uncertainty and anxieties, while reaffirming humanizing institutional practices that honor the local knowledge of teachers and deepen teachers’ collective responsibility for immigrant youth.
Older Adults Diagnosed With Schizophrenia in Long-term Care Facilities: Life Course Theory for Holistic Nursing Research and Practice
Authors: Walker Verónica G. , Walker Elizabeth K.
Published: June 2021

Older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia (OADWS) often enter long-term care facilities with unique challenges related to trauma and stress experienced throughout their life course. Health care workers often report that when they work with this population, they feel unprepared due to limited training. In this article, life course theory is presented as a lens for holistic nursing research and as a way for nurses to adapt interventions already used with cognitively impaired older adults (e.g., those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease) for OADWS in long-term care. It is hoped that these ideas will facilitate discussion of ways to inform training for holistic long-term care of OADWS. Holistic principles of nursing addressed with life course theory as a lens include the following: (a) accounting for strengths and challenges; (b) honoring experiences, values, and health beliefs; (c) viewing interrelationships with the environment; and (d) nurturing of peace, wholeness, and healing.
Managing Health and Well-Being in SMEs through an Adviceline: A Typology of Managerial Behaviours
Authors: Valsecchi Raffaella , Anderson Neil , Balta Maria Elisavet , Harrison John
Published: June 2021

Despite evidence supporting the application of health and well-being policies and practices in the workplace, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) still struggle to manage health at work. To address this gap, this research explores the role of a new occupational health (OH) adviceline assisting and managing health at work within SMEs. From our qualitative data we develop a typology of managerial response patterns, which can be summarised into four behavioural types: business case behaviour, social model behaviour, protective behaviour, and avoidant behaviour. The study posits that both the business case and the social justice arguments need to be acknowledged while implementing and managing health and well-being initiatives in SMEs. However, the combination of these two models is very difficult to achieve, and in addition to an OH adviceline, other interventions need to be implemented to support SMEs.
Effect of adding simultaneous hydrophilic and microporous layers on water transport in the gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Authors: Ira Yaghoub , Bakhshan Younes , Khorshidimalahmadi Jamshid
Published: June 2021

In this study, the effect of location, wettability, and thickness of the hydrophilic layer and also the effect of microporous layer (MPL) thickness on the dynamic water transport in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is investigated using the Lattice Boltzmann method. The effect of the presence of hydrophilic layer and MPL on the number of dominant flow paths, liquid water breakthrough sites, liquid water loops, liquid water pools, and time required to reach steady-state for 12 cases have been investigated. Results showed that if the hydrophilic layer is near the MPL/GDL interface, flooding will occur. Also, comparing with purely hydrophobic GDL, reduction of hydrophilic layer thickness in the GDL/GC interface reduces the water saturation level by 11.8% and the time required to reach steady-state by 8.88%. Moreover, this study indicated that adding a thin layer of MPL at the catalyst layer (CL)/GDL interface with present a hydrophilic thin layer at the GDL/gas channel (GC) interface reduces the liquid water saturation level by 50.1% and the steady-state time by 38.9%. Furthermore, the details of the dynamic behavior of water in the GDL under different hydrophilic conditions have been reported and discussed.
Simulation and Relationship Strength: Characteristics of Knowledge Flows Among Subjects in a Regional Innovation System
Authors: Su Yi , Jiang Xuesong , Lin Zhouzhou
Published: June 2021

A small-world simulation model of a regional innovation system combining the strength of the intersubject relationship of the regional innovation system with the loosely coupled system is constructed. We use a simulation to observe knowledge flow within the regional innovation system under relationships of varying strength. The results show that when the relationship between the subjects of the regional innovation system reaches a certain strength, the system will exhibit high module independence and high network integrity, forming a loosely coupled system. The knowledge flow in the system exhibits the emergence of a fast flow rate, a high mean value and little variance. When relationship strength is at other levels, the emergence of knowledge cannot be identified.
Using Data-Based Instruction to Support Struggling Elementary Writers
Authors: Poch Apryl L. , Allen Abigail A. , Jung Pyung-Gang , Lembke Erica S. , McMaster Kristen L.
Published: June 2021

Writing is a critical academic and life skill, but many school-age children struggle with the complexity of written expression. Given the importance of writing, there is a clear need for a systematic approach to identifying and supporting struggling writers, including writers with learning and emotional disabilities. One such approach is known as data-based instruction (DBI). This article presents an overview of DBI and guidance on how educators can use the DBI steps with assessment data to inform their classroom writing instruction. Additional resources are shared to support teachers in using DBI with their struggling writers and writers with learning and emotional disabilities.
Mechanical Tension-Stress in Alveolar Cleft Repaired With Autogenous Bone in Canine Models
Authors: Liu Anqi , Huang Jialiang
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Cleft lip and/or palate is a common birth defect worldwide, always accompanied by alveolar cleft. However, the success rate of secondary alveolar bone grafting is unsatisfactory. Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) often used after bone transplantation provides functional stimulation for bone graft area. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RME force on the bone graft area and midpalatal suture, and screen out the most suitable loaded force and loaded teeth, so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Methods:

Fourteen 24-week-old male beagles were assigned randomly to 3 groups: blank control, autogenous, and autogenous with RME. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the distribution and value of the stress in the model. The maxillae were collected and subjected to radiography and helical computed tomography to evaluate new bone formation in the graft area. Van Gieson’s Picrofuchsin staining was performed for histomorphological observation.

Results:

After 8 weeks of RME treatment, new bone formation of the dogs was markedly accelerated, and bone resorption was significantly reduced compared with the untreated dogs or those only treated with autogenous iliac bone. The treatment with RME evidently made the bone trabecula more abundant and the area of bone formation larger. Three-dimensional finite element analysis showed that the clinical effect can be achieved by using canine teeth as the loaded teeth and applying force of 10 MPa.

Conclusion:

Rapid maxillary expansion after bone grafting had a positive effect on osteogenesis in a canine model of alveolar cleft.
Historical Narratives and the Defense of Stigmatized Industries
Authors: Smith Andrew , Wong Nicholas D. , Sørensen Anders Ravn , Jones Ian , Coraiola Diego M.
Published: June 2021

This study examines how managers and entrepreneurs in stigmatized industries use historical narratives to combat stigma. We examine two industries, the private military contractors (PMC) industry in the United States and the cannabis industry in Canada. In recent decades, the representatives of these industries have worked to reduce the level of stigmatization faced by the industries. We show that historical narratives were used rhetorically by the representatives of both industries. In both cases, these historical narratives were targeted at just one subset of the population. Our research contributes to debates about stigmatization in ideologically diverse societies, an important issue that have been overlooked by the existing literature on stigmatized industries, which tends to assume the existence of homogeneous audiences when researching the efforts of industry representatives to destigmatize their industries.
Representations of Policing Problems and Body-Worn Cameras in Existing Research
Authors: Backman Christel , Löfstrand Cecilia Hansen
Published: June 2021

In this article, we analyze scholarly publications on body-worn cameras (BWCs) to shed light on scholars’ grounding assumptions about BWC technology and the policing problems assumed to be amended by it. We conducted a systematic search and a double-blind review, including 90 peer-reviewed journal articles, and analyzed how scholars warrant their studies, their findings and their recommendations. We found that BWC research largely investigates the effectiveness of BWCs worn by police officers in the United States and build upon a set of dominant policing problem representations: the police crisis in the United States and the police use of force, lack of oversight and control of police officers, citizen dissatisfaction and lack of police legitimacy, and police officer resistance toward BWC use. Assumptions underlying all four problem representations is that BWC technology will amend these problems and is legitimate and useful if the public supports it. Taken together, this enhances the representation of BWC technology as a self-evident means of improving community relations and police legitimacy in the United States. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research on BWCs, particularly the need for research departing from altogether different problem representations.
Needed Methodological Emancipation: Qualitative Coding and the Institutionalization of the Master’s Voice
Authors: Viruru Radhika , Rios Ambyr
Published: June 2021

While qualitative research has been among the more open of academic disciplines, processes for analyzing qualitative data have remained dogmatic. Most qualitative data are “coded” by breaking it into pieces of information that stand alone or through contextualizing it as researchers see fit. Data analysis thus remains a process of deconstructing participant voices and reconstructing stories through sound bites, creating an acceptable form of “fake news” to obtain a seat at the research high table. This continues established traditions of denying “subalterns,” already less agentive in higher education spheres, the ability to speak as the voice of the participant is subjugated to the discourse community of the master. In this paper, we demonstrate how protocols for analyzing qualitative data represent the master’s voice as they draw from Euro-Western ways of knowing the world. Possibilities that foreground indigenous and critical epistemologies are presented as alternatives.
Taking Stock of Interpretation Research: Where Have We Been and Where are We Heading?
Authors: Stern Marc J. , Powell Robert B.
Published: June 2021

We reviewed all manuscripts published within the Journal of Interpretation Research from 2010 to 2019 to identify lessons learned from the past decade and to propose future directions to advance the field. The last decade of the Journal featured a wide diversity of studies, including evaluations of interpretive programs and trainings, examinations of specific interpretive techniques, and various other related topics. We summarize the decade’s contributions and share lessons learned associated with interpretive techniques; organizational practices; professional development; diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice; visitor characteristics; and motivating attendance at interpretive programs. We then identify eight areas for future research, including: (1) measuring more ambitious outcomes; (2) identifying effective practices for diverse audiences; (3) studying innovations through adaptive management; (4) examining intergenerational learning; (5) evaluating professional development; (6) conducting organizational studies; (7) investigating the politics of interpretation and sensitive topics; and (8) partnering on research for diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice.
Dyadic coping and coparenting among couples after their child’s recent autism diagnosis
Authors: Downes Naomi , Geoffray Marie-Maude , Isnard Pascale , Lemonnier Eric , Orêve Marie-Joëlle , Cappe Emilie
Published: June 2021

This study explores how parenting couples use their relationship to support each other after their child’s autism diagnosis by assessing the role of dyadic coping and parenting sense of competence as predictors of their coparenting quality. Mothers and fathers raising a child on the spectrum ( N = 70 couples) individually completed self-report questionnaires measuring stress appraisal, dyadic coping, parenting sense of competence, and coparenting. Parents were recruited 1–36 months after their child’s autism diagnosis and data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model. Parents’ dyadic coping and sense of competence were related to their level of coparenting. Partner effects were found as mothers’ dyadic coping was positively linked to fathers’ coparenting and a higher sense of competence among fathers predicted mothers’ coparenting. Further research is needed to understand how these effects evolve throughout the child’s development stages.

Lay abstract

We investigated how couples support each other after their child’s autism diagnosis and whether this affects the way they work together to raise their child. We recruited 70 couples raising a child on the autism spectrum. Both partners were asked to complete the same questionnaires measuring how they perceived the experience of having a child on the autism spectrum, how they used their relationship to support each other during stressful situations, how competent they felt completing their parenting tasks, and the coparenting relationship to explore how they worked together as a team when parenting their child. Parents participated in the study 1–36 months after their child’s autism diagnosis. We used statistical techniques that allowed us to see the impact mothers and fathers had on each other. Overall, parents who felt more competent and supported by their partner worked better as a team to raise their child on the spectrum. Fathers invested in the coparenting relationship more when mothers felt more supported by fathers. Mothers invested in the coparenting relationship more when fathers felt more competent parenting their child. Further research is needed to better understand how we can support couples as their child gets older.
Language changes medical judgments and beliefs
Authors: Hayakawa Sayuri , Pan Yue , Marian Viorica
Published: June 2021

Aims and objectives:

How health risks are communicated can have a substantial impact on medical judgments and choice. Here, we examine whether the language used to process health-related information systematically changes bilinguals’ perceptions and preferences.

Methodology:

Chinese-English bilinguals were presented with 10 medical scenarios in either their native language (Mandarin Chinese; n = 76) or a second language (American English; n = 84) and made judgments regarding their familiarity with the medical conditions and the perceived severity of the possible symptoms (incurability, emotional distress, physical pain, social harm). Participants then rated their agreement with statements pertaining to beliefs about medical decision-making (trust in the good intentions of doctors, acceptability of challenging doctors, importance of involving family, preference for standard treatments, preference for experimental treatments).

Data and analysis:

Linear mixed-effects models were constructed for judgments of medical conditions and for beliefs regarding medical decision-making.

Findings and conclusions:

Medical conditions were perceived to be easier to cure, less physically painful, and less emotionally distressing when processed in the second language, English. Using English also increased endorsement of beliefs (such as challenging doctors’ opinions and accepting experimental treatments) that were more consistent with individualistic than with collectivistic norms. We propose that the activation of emotions and values is linked to language, with consequences for how individuals make decisions that impact their health and well-being.

Originality:

The present study is among the first to systematically examine the interactive psychological impact of language context and experience on judgments and beliefs in an applied medical domain.

Significance:

With millions of practitioners and patients worldwide making medical decisions in a combination of native and non-native languages, the present findings highlight the need to account for language, including language use, context, and experience, in order to optimize health-related communication and judgments.
‘To the surprise of absolutely no one’: Gendered political leadership change in Northern Ireland
Authors: Matthews Neil , Whiting Sophie
Published: June 2021

The office of political party leader remains one that women rarely occupy. In the largest comparative study of party leadership to date, only 10.8% were women. One region which has made significant advances in this area is Northern Ireland. Since 2015, the two largest parties, Sinn Féin and the Democratic Unionist Party, have experienced a rapid feminisation of their leadership. Such a development is particularly remarkable given Northern Ireland’s historically poor record on gender equality. This article explores the puzzle of gendered leadership change in Northern Ireland to reveal that the transition was primarily facilitated through the parties’ informal practices rather than embedded structural change. In doing so, it demonstrates the relative importance of party- and system-level factors on women’s political presence. As a power-sharing democracy, this case also provides comparative insights for those interested in addressing persistently low levels of female representation in post-conflict settings.
Analytical and experimental study on Van der Pol-type and Rayleigh-type equations for modeling nonlinear aeroelastic instabilities
Authors: Gao Guangzhong , Zhu Ledong , Bai Hua , Han Wanshui , Wang Feng
Published: June 2021

An empirical modeling of nonlinear aerodynamic force during aeroelastic instabilities, that is, vortex-induced vibration (VIV), galloping and flutter, is necessary in the estimation of vibration responses. Previous works on single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models suggest that nonlinear forms (Van der Pol or Rayleigh types) differ from section to section, which causes difficulty in practical application. Analytical evidences in this study have clarified that Van der Pol-type and Rayleigh-type models are equivalent in the amplitude-dependent aerodynamic damping; their difference lies in the higher-order harmonic responses. An identification algorithm of aerodynamic parameters is proposed to improve the robustness of aerodynamic parameters and guarantee the equivalence of both model types. Wind-tunnel tests of typical aeroelastic instabilities indicate that higher-order harmonic responses are small for VIV, galloping, and early-stage flutter instability when compared with the fundamental components due to weak nonlinearity. Van der Pol-type and Rayleigh-type models are both applicable until the flutter amplitude grows excessively large. It is clear that both model types are suitable for any section shape when use the proposed method of aerodynamic identification, and thus can be treated as a universal model for estimating the vibration amplitudes of nonlinear aeroelastic instabilities.
Penal nationalism in the settler colony: On the construction and maintenance of ‘national whiteness’ in settler Canada
Authors: Evans Jessica
Published: June 2021

The summer of 2020 was one of unprecedented mass protest and a growing critical awareness around the racist operation of criminal justice systems in North America. Consequently, criminal justice systems have been placed squarely at the forefront of struggles for racial equality and social change. While activists, critical researchers, and legal experts have argued racial justice requires a diversion of communities and resources away from criminal justice systems, the focus in mainstream policy, media, and academic circles has been on reform. In Canada, a focus on reformist responses to this racial violence has been justified through a distorted view of Canada’s criminal justice system. Drawing on the concept of penal nationalism, I argue that Canadian carceral practices must be understood as constitutive of the settler-colonial state and its ideological, material and institutional mooring in racial whiteness as the locus of settler power and sovereignty. To this end, it is not enough to reform specific penal practices, while leaving intact the legitimacy of the criminal justice system in general. What is at stake is the very definition and protection of a national identity, which in the settler colony is predicated on colonial whiteness, Indigenous erasure, and racialized exploitation.
Fracture energy assessment of adhesives – Part I: Is GIC an adhesive property? A neural network analysis
Authors: Akhavan-Safar A , Beygi R , Delzendehrooy F , da Silva LFM
Published: June 2021

Different joint types and geometries have been considered to measure the fracture toughness ( Gc) of adhesives. However, results show that, sometimes, the obtained Gc values for the same adhesives are not similar in different reports. Several factors including the joints geometry, material properties of the substrate, and also the test conditions influence the obtained results. This study is conducted to find a logical connection between these factors and to find their influences on the obtained mode I fracture toughness ( GIc) to understand which parameters are the most influential and which ones are less significant. To this aim, 115 values of different GIcalready reported in the literature were collected and examined regarding the geometrical and material parameters. To find the rational relationship between the effective parameters and the reported GIcvalues, a method based on the artificial neural network technique was employed. The results revealed that whilst the fracture energy of aluminum adhesive joints is more influenced by geometrical parameters including the joint type and substrate thickness, the steel adhesive joints are more sensitive to the adhesive properties and bondline thickness. With this study, it is possible to design an optimum test by minimizing the effects of variables that cause errors in obtaining fracture toughness and also to estimate GIc of adhesives by using the developed model. On the other hand, it is also possible to design real structures in which the fracture toughness of the adhesive reaches its maximum value.
Neighbourhoods and dementia: An updated realist review of the qualitative literature to inform contemporary practice and policy understanding
Authors: Li Xia , Keady John , Ward Richard
Published: June 2021

This realist review of the literature provided a contemporary understanding of neighbourhoods and dementia and described how people living with dementia and their neighbourhood interacted via ongoing place-making and remaking processes. Drawing on 44 articles, neighbourhoods were revealed to have fluid and dynamic qualities where people with dementia used their strength and resources to connect to significant people and places. The review also indicated that the person with dementia–neighbourhood relationship was underpinned by four themes: ‘home’, ‘social interactions’, ‘activities’ and ‘transportation’. Further research is encouraged to use innovative, participatory methods to explore the neighbourhood–dementia nexus in depth whilst paying close attention to social inclusion and diversity.
Portal Vein Aneurysm Treated With Trans-Jugular Intrahepatic Porto-Systemic Shunt
Authors: Dunlap Robert , Golden Sean , Lyons Gray R.
Published: June 2021

Portal vein aneurysm (PVA) is a rare entity that can lead to hemorrhage or thrombosis. Although there is no standard treatment, most cases can be managed conservatively; intervention is reserved for symptomatic or enlarging aneurysms. For patients who are not surgical candidates due to cirrhosis and portal hypertension, endovascular creation of a trans-jugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) is an option to reduce portal venous pressure. This report describes a case of an enlarging PVA successfully treated with TIPS in a patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis.
Antibacterial and ultraviolet protective neodymium-doped TiO2 film coated on polypropylene nonwoven fabric via a sputtering method
Authors: Huang Mei-Lin , Wu Ying-Zhu , Fan Fei , Lu Sheng-Guo , Luo Bao-Shan , Li Yong-Hong
Published: June 2021

A neodymium-doped titanium dioxide film was coated on polypropylene nonwoven fabric via a magnetron sputtering method to prepare multifunctional textiles with antibacterial and ultraviolet protective properties. The antibacterial property of the single-layer titanium dioxide film coated sample was better than that of the single-layer neodymium film coated sample. And that of the three-layer film coated samples was better than that of the double-layer film coated samples, which the latter also was superior to that of the single-layer film coated samples. A longer deposition time of the titanium dioxide film increased the antibacterial rate. The hydrophilicity of the coated samples was improved by ultraviolet irradiation, which improves the catalytic antibacterial ability. The ultraviolet protective factor of the sample that absorbs more ultraviolet is higher, and the water contact angle after ultraviolet irradiation decreases. This improves antibacterial performance. A titanium dioxide film doped with neodymium was improved without any significant change to the morphology and luster of the samples. This can lead to further applications of the coated polypropylene non-woven fabric with good antibacterial properties.
Stroke in India: A systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, and case fatality
Authors: Jones Stephanie P , Baqai Kamran , Clegg Andrew , Georgiou Rachel , Harris Cath , Holland Emma-Joy , Kalkonde Yogeshwar , Lightbody Catherine E , Maulik Pallab K , Srivastava Padma MV , Pandian Jeyaraj D , Kulsum Patel , Sylaja PN , Watkins Caroline L , Hackett Maree L
Published: June 2021

Background

The burden of stroke is increasing in India; stroke is now the fourth leading cause of death and the fifth leading cause of disability. Previous research suggests that the incidence of stroke in India ranges between 105 and 152/100,000 people per year. However, there is a paucity of available data and a lack of uniform methods across published studies.

Aim

To identify high-quality prospective studies reporting the epidemiology of stroke in India.

Summary of review

A search strategy was modified from the Cochrane Stroke Strategy and adapted for a range of bibliographic databases from January 1997 to August 2020. From 7717 identified records, nine studies were selected for inclusion; three population-based registries, a further three population-based registries also using community-based ascertainment and three community-based door-to-door surveys. Studies represented the four cities of Mumbai, Trivandrum, Ludhiana, Kolkata, the state of Punjab, and 12 villages of Baruipur in the state of West Bengal. The total population denominator was 22,479,509 and 11,654 (mean 1294 SD 1710) people were identified with incident stroke. Crude incidence of stroke ranged from 108 to 172/100,000 people per year, crude prevalence from 26 to 757/100,000 people per year, and one-month case fatality rates from 18% to 42%.

Conclusions

Further high-quality evidence is needed across India to guide stroke policy and inform the development and organization of stroke services. Future researchers should consider the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to Surveillance framework, including longitudinal data collection, the inclusion of census population data, and a combination of hospital-registry and comprehensive community ascertainment strategies to ensure complete stroke identification.
Selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (SIREN): a retrospective analysis of patients treated through an access program
Authors: Illini Oliver , Hochmair Maximilian Johannes , Fabikan Hannah , Weinlinger Christoph , Tufman Amanda , Swalduz Aurélie , Lamberg Kristina , Hashemi Sayed M. S. , Huemer Florian , Vikström Anders , Wermke Martin , Absenger Gudrun , Addeo Alfredo , Banerji Shantanu , Calles Antonio , Clarke Stephen , Di Maio Massimo , Durand Alice , Duruisseaux Michaël , Itchins Malinda , Kääränien Okko-Sakari , Krenn Florian , Laack Eckart , de Langen Adrianus Johannes , Mohorcic Katja , Pall Georg , Passaro Antonio , Prager Gerald , Rittmeyer Achim , Rothenstein Jeffrey , Schumacher Michael , Wöll Ewald , Valipour Arschang
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Rearranged during transfection (RET) gene fusions are rare genetic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Selective RET-inhibitors such as selpercatinib have shown therapeutic activity in early clinical trials; however, their efficacy in the real-world setting is unknown.

Methods:

A retrospective efficacy and safety analysis was performed on data from RET fusion-positive NSCLC patients who participated in a selpercatinib access program (named patient protocol) between August 2019 and January 2021.

Results:

Data from 50 patients with RET fusion-positive advanced NSCLC treated with selpercatinib at 27 centers in 12 countries was analyzed. Most patients were Non-Asian (90%), female (60%), never-smokers (74%), with a median age of 65 years (range, 38–89). 32% of the patients had known brain metastasis at the time of selpercatinib treatment. Overall, 13 patients were treatment-naïve, while 37 were pretreated with a median of three lines of therapy (range, 1–8). The objective response rate (ORR) was 68% [95% confidence interval (CI), 53–81] in the overall population. The disease control rate was 92%. The median progression-free survival was 15.6 months (95% CI, 8.8–22.4) after a median follow-up of 9 months. In patients with measurable brain metastases ( n = 8) intracranial ORR reached 100%. In total, 88% of patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), a large majority of them being grade 1 or 2. The most common grade ⩾ 3 TRAEs were increased liver enzyme levels (in 10% of patients), prolonged QTc time (4%), abdominal pain (4%), hypertension (4%), and fatigue/asthenia (4%). None of patients discontinued selpercatinib treatment for safety reasons. No new safety concerns were observed, nor where there any treatment-related death.

Conclusions:

In this real-world setting, the selective RET-inhibitor selpercatinib demonstrated durable systemic and intracranial antitumor activity in RET fusion-positive NSCLC and was well tolerated.