bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF TWO APHIDOPHAGOUS LADYBEETLES, CHEILOMENES SEXMACULATA AND COCCINELLA TRANSVERSALIS
Authors: Omkar
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Reproductive behaviour of two aphidophagous ladybeetles, Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Coccinella transversalis was studied. A premating period of 5.0±0.5 and 11.7±0.4 days and a pre‐oviposition period of 5.5±0.7 and 12.7±0.5 days was observed for C. sexmaculata and C. transversalis, respectively. Males of both the species exhibited courtship in five steps, viz. approach, watch, examine, mount and attempt. Sexually immature, recently mated and ovipositing females rejected male advances in both the species. Chemical, visual and behavioural cues probably play a role in mate recognition. Quiescent mating occurred in C. sexmaculata, whereas abdominal shakings in the form of bouts and strokes were characteristic in C. transversalis. C. sexmaculata had a relatively prolonged mating duration (133.4±z8.9 min) than C. transversalis (37.9±2.0 min), possibly due to the absence of active processes, i.e., bouts and strokes. The active processes in C. transversalis decreased with multiple matings in a day. Unmated adults of both the species mated more vigorously than the mated ones. Reproductive performance of both the species was best after multiple matings.
NEW RECORDS OF TWO GENERA OF TETRACNEMINAE (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) WITH TWO NEW SPECIES IN CHINA
Authors: Xu Zhi‐hong , Tao Mei , Chen Guo‐hua
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Two new species of Tetracneminae, Encyrtidae, collected from Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Yunnan, China are described, i.e. Dusmetia latiscapa Xu, sp. nov, and Gyranusoidea yunnanensis Xu, sp. nov. Dusmetia latiscapa Xu, sp. nov differs from Dusmetia cardinalis Hoffer, 1969 in the coloration of the apical forth funicular segment and the fifth‐sixth funicular segments of antennae; (2) length of scape; (3) having undeveloped fore wing and (4) the coloration of body. Gyranusoidea yunnanensis Xu, sp. nov. can be distinguished from the Gyranusoidea hecale Noyes et Hayat 1988 by (1) 1 brown match between antennal scrobe and orbit; (2) scape 5.0 times as long as wide, and (3) antennal scape without white ring subapically. Both two genara of Dusmetia Mercet, and Gyranusoidea Compere are recorded for the first time in China. All specimens examined are deposited in Institute of Applied Entomology, Agriculture & Biotechnology College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF SPHEROIDIN GENES OF CALLIPTAMUS IT ALICUS ENTOMOPOXVIRUS(CIEPV) AND GOMPHOCERUS SIBIRICUS ENTOMOPOXVIRUS(GSEPV)
Authors: Li Yong‐dan , Wang Li‐ying , Gaol Xi‐wu , Zhao Chao‐yang , Tian Zhao‐feng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The spheroidin genes of Calliptamus italicus entomopoxvirus (CiEPV) and Gomphocerus sibiricus entomopoxvirus (GsEPV) were obtained by PCR, and the fragments were cloned, se‐quenced and analyzed. The CiEPV and GsEPV spheroidin genes respectively harbored ORFs of 2 922 bps and 2 967 bps that were capable of coding polypeptides of 109.2 and 111.1 kDa. Computer analysis indicated that CiEPV and GsEPV spheroidins shared less than 20% amino acid identities with lepidopteran AmEPV and coleopteran AcEPV spheroidins, but more than 80% amino acid identities with orthopteran OaEPV, MsEPV and AaEPV spheroidins. The CiEPV and GsEPV spheroidins respectively contained 19 and 21 cysteine residues that were particularly abundant at the C‐termini, as is the case with those of the other orthopteran EPV spheroidins. The numbers and locations of the cysteine residues of the spheroidins were most similar to those of the spheroidins of EPVs that are virulent on the same insect orders. The promoter regions of the two spheroidin genes were highly conserved (99%) among the orthopteran EPVs and also contained the typical very A+T rich and TAAATG signal mediating transcription of poxvirus late genes. We also sequenced an incomplete ORF downstream of the pheroidin gene of CiEPV and GsEPV. The ORF was in the opposite direction to the spheroidin gene and was homologous to MSV072 putative protein of MsEPV.
SIMILARITY COMPARISON AND CLASSIFICATION OF SUCKING LOUSE COMMUNITIES ON SOME SMALL MAMMALS IN YUNNAN, CHINA
Authors: Guo Xian‐guo , Qian Ti‐jun , Guo Li‐jun , Dong Wen‐ge
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The similarity and classification of sucking louse communities on 24 species of small mammals were studied in Yunnan Province, China, through a hierarchical cluster analysis. All the louse species on the body surface of a certain species of small mammals are regarded as a louse community unit. The results reveal that the community structure of sucking lice on small mammals is simple with low species diversity. Most small mammals usually have certain louse species on their body surface; there exists a high degree of host specificity. Most louse communities on the same genus of small mammals show a high similarity and are classified into the same group based on hierarchical cluster analysis. When the hosts have a close affinity in taxonomy, the louse communities on their body surface would tend to be similar with the same or similar dominant louse species (as observed in genus Rattus, Niviventer, Apodemus and Eothenomys). The similarity of sucking louse communities is highly consistent with the affinity of small mammal hosts in taxonomy. The results suggest a close relationship of co‐evolution between sucking lice and their hosts.
A STUDY OFCRYPTOLECHIAZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE) IN CHINA (II): SPECIES FROM GUIZHOU PROVINCE
Authors: Wang Shu‐xia
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper reports fourteen species of the genusCryptolechiafrom Guizhou Province, China. Eleven species are described as new:C. proximideflectasp. nov.,C. muscosasp. nov.,C. solifasciariasp. nov.,C. spiniferasp. nov.,C. denticulatasp. nov.,C. furcellatasp. nov.,C. latifasciasp. nov.,C. acutiusculasp. nov.,C. fasciculiferasp. nov.,C. hamatilissp. nov. and C.concaviusculasp. nov. The female ofC. geiWang is reported for the first time, and the genital structures of the new species are illustrated.
EVALUATION OF EXTRACTS FROM BAMBOO FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS
Authors: Cao Hai‐qun , Yue Yong‐de , Peng Zhen‐hua , Hua Ri‐mao , Tang Feng
Published: April 2008

Abstract The extracts from 7 species of bamboo were tested for larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens. At the tested concentration, the extracts of selected bamboo had different degree of toxic effects on the fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens. Among them, the extracts of Pleioblastus juxianensis, Brachystachyum albostriatum, Phyllostachys platyglossa and Pleioblastus amarus were found to be effective with LC50values at 24 h of 30.65 mg/L, 53.94 mg/L, 41.21 mg/L and 54.49 mg/L respectively, against Culex pipiens pallens larvae. The extract of Pleioblastus juxianensis by Soxhlet method showed stronger activity than the extract obtained by interval‐shaking, the LC50 of which were 30.65 mg/L and 48.34 mg/L, respectively. The diethyl ether extract of Pleioblastus juxianensis exhibited better larvicidal activity than the methanol extract and the petroleum ether extract. The results would help to provide the basis for the study of environment acceptable pesticide for mosquito control, and also help to comprehensively utilize the source of bamboo.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS ACRICOTOPUS KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN CHINA
Authors: Zhang Rui‐lei , Wang Xin‐hua
Published: April 2008

Abstract The genus Acricotopus Kieffer including three species from China is reviewed. Acricotopus lucens (Zetterstedt) is reexamined. Two species A. simplex sp. nov. and A. zhalingensis sp. nov. are described as male imagines. Acricotopus simplex sp. nov. was collected from Xizang, Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces; the species differs from others of the genus by the absence of hind tibial comb, temporal and clypeal seta. Acricotopus zhalingensis sp. nov. was collected from Qinghai Province; the species is recognized by a combination of characters: the larger body size; the clypeus without setae; anal lobe strongly produced, nearly hemispherical shape; inferior volsella triangular, strongly sclerotized; gonostylus with 13 very long setae. A key to the world males of the genus is presented. The generic diagnosis is emended. All the types described in this paper are deposited in Department of Biology, Nankai University, China (BDN).
Novel Lipophilic Hydroxyurea Derivatives: Synthesis, Cytostatic and Antiviral Activity Evaluations
Authors: Perković Ivana , Butula Ivan , Zorc Branka , Hock Karlo , Pavelić Sandra Kraljević , Pavelić Krešimir , Clercq Erik De , Balzarini Jan , Mintas Mladen
Published: April 2008

The novel hydroxyurea derivatives of l‐ and d‐amino acid amides 5a–l were prepared by aminolysis of N‐(1‐benzotriazolecarbonyl)‐amino acid amides 4a–f with O‐benzylhydroxylamine and N‐methylhydroxylamine and evaluated for their antiviral and cytostatic activity against malignant tumor cell lines and normal human fibroblasts. Compounds 5a, 5c, 5e and 5k showed the highest antiproliferative effects against all tumor cell lines tested. The strongest non‐specific cytostatic activities against HeLa cells were affected by compounds 5a, 5c, 5e and 5k on MCF‐7 cells by 5c, 5e and 5k and MIA PACa‐2 cells by 5c and 5k. Differential effects at micromolar concentrations were observed for compounds 5a, 5c, 5e, 5k and 5l in Hep G2 cells, for compounds 5c, 5e, 5k and 5l in PC‐3 cells and for compounds 5e, 5k and 5l in SW 620 cells.
Toxoplasmosis
Authors: HEELEY D. M.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A brief history of toxoplasmosis is given together with a description of the different clinical manifestations in man.

An explanation of the different types of diagnostic tests available for this condition, with their various difficulties is presented. Finally the results of a series of methylene blue dye tests used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, with associated symptoms, in the dog is reviewed.
Abnormalities and Defects in Pedigree Dogs–I. An Investigation into the Existence of Abnormalities in Pedigree Dogs in the British Isles
Authors: HODGMAN S. F. J.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The preliminary results of an investigation into the existence of certain deleterious conditions that are, or may be, hereditary are presented. Thirteen conditions were found to be of major concern and of these five were considered to be of importance and needing immediate consideration. They are hip dysplasia, patella luxation, entropion, retinal atrophy, and prolonged soft palate. The second priority group consists of abnormal temperament, skin fold dermatitis, uterine inertia, elbow dysplasia, ectropion, trichiasis, and deafness.

The report was prepared from 104 record forms completed over a period of 6 months by veterinary surgeons in practice.

Résumé— Les résultats préliminaires sont présent& d' une étude se rapportant à certains états pathologiques dont L' étiologie serait héréditaire. Treize d' entre dux sont considérés comme étant d' importance majeure, et cinq de ceux‐ci comme méritant une étude immédiate. Ce sont la dysplasie de la hanche, la luxation de la rotule, L' entropion, L' atrophie rétinienne, L' extension du voile du palais, la dysplasie du conde, L' ectropion, la trichiasis et la surditité.

Le rapport a été préparéà partir de 104 formulairee tenus à jour pendant six mois par des vétérinaires pratiquants.

Zusammenfassung— Es werden die vorläufigen Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung des Vorhandenseins gewisser schädlicher Zustände dargelegt, die erblich oder nicht erblich sein können. Es wurde festgestellt, dass dreizehn Zustände von besonderer Bedeutung sind, von denen fünf als wichtig angesehen werden mussen und sofortige Aufmerksamkeit erheischen. Diese sind Dysplasie der Hüfte, Luxation der Kniescheibe, Entropion, Atrophie der Netzhaut, weicher Gaumen f¨r länger als natürliche Zeitspanne, Dysplasie des Ellenbogens, Ektropion, Trichinose und Taubheit.

Der Bericht wurde aus 104 Formularen mit Befunden zusammengestellt, die während eines Zeitraums von sechs Monaten von praktizierenden Tierärzten ausgefüllt worden waren.
Abnormalities and Defects in Pedigree Dogs–III. Tibio‐Femoral Joint Deformity and Patella Luxation
Authors: KNIGHT G. C.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— There appears to be an increasing incidence of a tibio‐femoral joint deformity in dog die symptoms of which are first shown at about 3/4 months and when by 6 months the limb is crippled largely on account of restricted extension of joint. Often the deformity is bilateral when the animal can only progress in rabbit‐like hops. Evidence exists that die condition is hereditary.

Résumé— II semble que L' incidence de malformation de L' articulation tibio‐fémorale chez le chien soit en augmentation. Les premiers signes cliniques font leur apparition vers le troisième ou quatrième mois et vers le sixiégme mo is la fonction du membre est sérieusement atteinte en raison de la réduction d' extensibilityé de L'articulation. Dans de nombreux cas la malformation est bilatérale, rendant les mouvements de L'animal semblables au saut du lapin. Des observations tendent a demontrer L'origine hereditaire de ce syndrome.

Zusammenfassung— Es scheint, dass eine Deformierung des Gelenkes zwischen Schienbein und Oberschenkelknochen bei Hunden jetzt in zunehmendem Masse vorkommt, deren Symptome sich zuerst etwa im 3. bis 4. Monat zeigen. Im sechsten Monat ist das Glied weitgehend verkriippelt wegen der begrenzten Streckfahigkeit des Gelenks. Oft ist die Deformitat beiderseitig, und das Tier kann sich dann nur in kaninchenahnlichen Spriingen vorwartsbewegen. Anzeichen deuten darauf hin, dass deiser Zustand erblich ist.
Protection of Animals (Anaesthetics) Act, 1954—I. Legal Aspects
Authors: MURRAY R.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The paper deals briefly with the historical development of the Act, the operative part of the Act itself, which clearly gives the maximum possible protection to those animals to which it applies, and particularly with the power of the appropriate Ministers to amend the Schedule to the Act, the content of which is to some extent a matter of compromise having regard to the practical necessity of striking a proper balance between the various interests concerned.

Résumé— L'article traite briévement du développement historique du Décret, de la clause essentielle du Décret qui offre le maximum possible de protection aux animaux qu'il concerne, et surtout des droits des différents Ministéres de modifier L'annexe du Décret, dont le contenu constitue en quelque sorte un compromis en faveur de la nécessité pratique d'établir un équilibre equitable entre les différents intérets concernés.

Zusammenfassung— Die Arbeit befasst sich kurz mit der geschichtlichen Entwicklung des Gesetzes, dem gültigen Teil des Gesetzes selbst, der deutlich denjenigen Tieren, auf die es sich bezieht, den grösstmöglichen Schutz bietet, und besonders mit der Machtbefugnis der betreffenden Minister, die Ausführungsbestimmungen zu dem Gesetz zu ändern, dessen Inhalt in gewissem Masse eine Sadie des Kompromisses ist in anbetracht der praktischen Notwendigkeit, zwischen den verschie‐denen Interessen die richtige Mitte zu finden.
Protection of Animals (Anaesthetics) Act, 1954—II. Veterinary Aspects
Authors: WOOLDRIDGE W. R.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The need for an amended Animals (Anaesthetics) Act 1919 and the decision to promote such an amending bill together with the steps taken to gain sympathy for, and to organize the promotion of such a bill in Parliament is reviewed. The Protection of Animals (Anaesthetics) Act 1954, its advantages and drawbacks from the veterinary point of view and the need for further revision and ways to achieve this object are discussed.

Résumé— Sont passés en revue la nécessité de modifier le Décret de 1919 se rapportant à la protection des animaux (Anesthésie des animaux), la décision d'appuyer un tel projet de loi et les moyens de propagande en faveur de ce projet arm de la présenter au Parlement. Le Décret de 1954 pour la protection des animaux (Anesthésie des animaux), ses avantages et désavantages du point de vue vétérinaire, la nécessité de le modifier davantage, ainsi que les moyens d'atteindre ce but sont discut&.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird die Notwendigkeit fur eine Änderung des Gesetzes zur Betäubung der Tiere von 1919 und die Entscheidung, einen solchen Änderungsvorschlag des Gesetzes vorwärts‐zutreiben erörtert, sowie die Massnahmen, die getroffen worden sind, um für ein solches Gesetz im Parlament Verständnis zu wecken und den Gesetzesentwurf vorzubereiten. Es wird über das Gesetz zum Schutz der Tiere und ihre Betäubung von 1954, seine Vorteile und Nachteile vom Standpunkt des Tierarztes aus diskutiert, sowie über die Notwendigkeit fur eine weitere Revision und Wege zur Erreichung dieses Zweckes.
Foreign Body in the Bronchus of a Dog
Authors: SINGLETON W. B.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A clinical report of a foreign body, its diagnosis and removal from the bronchus of a dog. The case is documented by radiographs.
The Chinchilla Industry in Great Britain Today
Authors: JOHNSTON C. F.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A review is presented of the development and growth of the chinchilla industry in Great Britain. The problems in the industry are examined with regard to costs of production, diseases, husbandry and improved stock and pelts.
Treatment of Spinal Disorders in Dogs by Manipulation
Authors: MOLTZEN H.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— Manipulation (sudden tug or twisting movements exceeding the extreme limits of the vertebral articulations) has been applied to thirty‐four dogs: nine dachshunds, nine cocker spaniels, ten pekinese and six various breeds, all with pain and stiffness in the cervical and/or thoraco‐lumbar region, often accompanied by lameness, paresis, ataxia or paraplegia. Nine cases were examined by X‐ray. There were no pathological findings in two, four showed medium to severe discopathia with calcifications and protrusions, and in three there was spondylo‐arthrosis ossificans. By manipulation of the spine (in fourteen cases only once, in the other cases two to five times each), twenty‐four were completely restored and had normal mobility and no pain. Five dogs suffered relapses several months or years later but were again restored by renewed manipulation. Four cases were free of symptoms or ameliorated at the end of the treatment, but further information is not available. One case (total paralytic paraplegia caused by a chondro‐fibroma) was incurable and euthanized.
Observations on Distemper‐Infectious Canine Hepatitis Syndrome
Authors: MANTOVANI A. , RESTANI R. , SCIARRA D. , GRAMENZI F.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— Two further outbreaks of disease associated with the viruses of both canine distemper (C.D.) and infectious canine hepatitis (I.C.H.) are described. The virus of I.C.H. was present in the kennels before that of C.D. The morbidity, mortality, symptomatology and pathological findings have been attributed to the sum of the pathogenic properties of the two viruses. The term “distemper‐infectious canine hepatitis syndrome” is proposed.
Some Clinical Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus in the Dog and Cat*
Authors: JOSHUA JOAN O.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A clinical review is presented of diabetes mellitus in the dog and cat. The incidence, aetiology and diagnosis are discussed. Particular reference is made to diagnostic procedures as available to the clinician. Treatment by diet, oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin is reviewed with reference to the maintenance of both canine and feline cases.
The Technique of Caesarean Section in the Bitch*
Authors: LEACH J. L. R.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The author describes his technique for caesarean section in the bitch. The importance of speed, preparation and correct anaesthesia are emphasized. Both anaesthesia and operative procedure are described in detail together with the fundamentals of after‐care both in bitch and puppies.
Urethral Obstruction in the Dog*
Authors: CARTER H. E.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A clinical review of urethral obstruction (with particular reference to urolithiasis), cause, symptoms, medical and surgical treatment is presented. Methods of preventing recurrent urolithiasis are discussed.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Beagle Pups
Authors: STEVENSON D. E.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— Congenital diaphragmatic hernia was found in two beagle pups which died shortly after being born. In both cases the small intestine was located in the thoracic cavity.
A Case of Thyroid Poisoning in the Dog
Authors: BANKS P. N.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A case of Thyroid poisoning by the ingestion by a puppy of 20 grains of Thyroid sicc. and its treatment with barbiturates is described.
Diseases of pet rodents
Authors: SPARROW STEPHEN
Published: April 2008

The main pet rodent species are introduced with some brief notes on their suitability as pets and normal behaviour. The general clinical features of disease are discussed with some emphasis on species variation. The important diseases that occur in the United Kingdom are described under the headings of respiratory disease, diseases of the alimentary tract, diseases of the central nervous system, skin lesions, musculoskeletal disorders, palpable swellings, urinogenital disorders, diseases of pregnancy and injuries.
Parvo‐virus‐like particles in myocarditis in pups
Authors: INGH T. S. G. A. M. VAN DEN , LINDE‐SIPMAN J. S. VAN DEN , WESTER P. W.
Published: April 2008

Sudden death in three litters of puppies was associated with a predominantly mononuclear interstitial myocarditis and large, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the myocardial muscle fibres. Under the electron microscope the inclusions were seen to be composed of electron dense parvo‐virus‐like particles.
A case report: a conjunctivocorneal papilloma with evidence of a viral etiology
Authors: BONNEY C. H. , KOCH S. A. , CONFER A. W. , DICE P. F.
Published: April 2008

A 21‐month old Pekingese was referred with two tissue masses on the left eye, involving the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva. The clinical diagnosis was papilloma. The surgical removal was conducted as though the masses were a source of additional infection. Light microscopy confirmed the diagnosis and ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of virus particles compatible with the Papillomavirus group. The relationship of these virus particles to the more familiar oral and cutaneous papillomas is discussed with respect to clinical management of these tumours.
A retrospective study of twenty‐nine spinal tumours in the dog and cat
Authors: LUTTGEN P. J. , BRAUND K. G. , BRAWNER W. R. , VANDEVELDE M.
Published: April 2008

In a retrospective study of twenty‐nine spinal tumours in dogs and cats approximately equal numbers of extradural and intradural tumours were found. The most prominent tumour type was the group of primary tumours of bone which included osteosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, hemangiosarcomas and multiple cartilagenous exostoses. Primary sarcomas of the spinal cord were the next most prominent type of tumour identified. A close clinicopathological correlation was found for tumour localization; however, intradural and extradural tumours could not be differentiated clinically. In comparison with extramedullary tumours which were evenly divided between acute and insidious onset, the majority of animals with intramedullary tumours had acute onset of neurological signs. In general, the intramedullary tumours had the shortest duration of clinical signs (1.7 weeks) whereas the extradural tumours had a mean duration of 3.4 weeks and intradural‐extramedullary tumours had the longest mean duration (5.7 weeks). Contrast radiography was the most useful diagnostic aid. It confirmed the regional localization in twenty‐two of twenty‐four animals
Parvovirus infection in a Beagle colony
Authors: HARCOURT R. A. , SPURLING N. W. , PICK C. R.
Published: April 2008

The clinical and pathological features of an outbreak of parvovirus infection are described. In young puppies these were vomiting, diarrhoea and myocarditis whereas in older animals they were weight loss and enteropathy. Other features seen were interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid depletion and, in one dog, renal tubular degeneration. The haematological picture was inconsistent, a reduced number of circulating neutrophils or lymphocytes occurring in some cases whereas in others neutrophilia or lymphocytosis was present.
Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from a condition in Greyhounds histologically resembling ‘staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome’ of man
Authors: LOVE DARIA N. , DAVIS P. E.
Published: April 2008

The clinical, histological and bacteriological features of a skin condition of greyhounds is described. The condition resembles ‘staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome’ of man and pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the lesions. The therapeutic management of the condition is discussed in light of the findings presented.
Autoimmune form of myasthenia gravis in a juvenile Yorkshire Terrier x Jack Russell Terrier hybrid contrasted with congenital (non‐autoimmune) myasthenia gravis of the Jack Russell
Authors: PALMER A. C. , LENNON VANDA A. , BEADLE CATHERINE , GOODYEAR J. V.
Published: April 2008

A case of juvenile onset myasthenia gravis is described in a Yorkshire Terrier x Jack Russell bitch in which there were serum autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors and reduction in the muscle's content of acetylcholine receptors. Approximately 25% of the receptors remaining were complexed with antibody. After 8 months of treatment with the anticholinesterase pyridostigmin, the animal made a complete recovery and the serum level of antibody decreased. The condition of this dog in many respects resembled acquired myasthenia gravis of adult onset and is contrasted with the seven cases of congenital myasthenia gravis which we have studied in the Jack Russell Terrier. In the congenital form of myasthenia gravis, reduction of acetylcholine receptors in muscle is found without any demonstrable autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors, either in serum or muscle.
Anal furunculosis: a review of seventy cases
Authors: HOULTON J. E. F.
Published: April 2008

The response to treatment of seventy cases of anal furunculosis is reviewed. A comparison is made between a surgical technique employing cutting diathermy and a cryosurgical procedure. The reasons for the poor results obtained with each method are discussed.
Canine anal furunculosis: a modified approach
Authors: HOULTON J. E. F.
Published: April 2008

A technique using a combination of cutting diathermy and cryosurgery is described for the treatment of canine anal furnunculosis. The expediency of removing the anal sacs is discussed and the results of a cryospray technique compared with a similar procedure using a cryoprobe.
Canine pruritus: an approach to diagnosis. Stage II. Infestations and infections*
Authors: THODAY K. L.
Published: April 2008

This series of three papers describes a straight forward, systematic approach to the investigation of canine pruritus. Those dermatoses which regularly present with this symptom are discussed, with emphasis being placed on clinical signs, diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

This second paper details the parasitic infestations and bacterial and clinically similar conditions which may result in pruritus.
Canine pruritus: an approach to diagnosis. Stages III and IV. Allergy and idiopathy*
Authors: THODAY K. L.
Published: April 2008

This series of three paper describes a straightforward, systematic approach to the investigation of canine pruritus. Those dermatoses which regularly present with this symptom are discussed with emphasis being placed on clinical signs, diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

In this final paper, the allergic causes are detailed and the control of idiopathic pruritus is outlined.
Some aspects of reproductive function in the male Beagle at puberty
Authors: TAHA M. A. , NOAKES D. E. , ALLEN W. EDWARD
Published: April 2008

Three male Beagle litter‐mates, which were kept in the same environment and fed on the same diet, were studied from 20 to 45 weeks of age. The first ejaculates were obtained at 33 weeks in one and 34 weeks in two of the puppies. Ejaculatory volume, sperm concentration, libido increased quickly and although the early ejaculates contained large numbers of abnormal spermatozoa they soon decreased. By 45 weeks of age the seminal characteristics were comparable with those reported for adults. Plasma testosterone concentrations increased at the time that the first ejaculate was obtained.
Surgical treatment of perineal hernia in the dog
Authors: WEAVER A. D. , OMAMEGBE J. O.
Published: April 2008

In a nine‐year period 101 dogs which were available for subsequent follow‐up studies, were subjected to perineal hernia surgery. In thirty‐six dogs the hernia was bilateral and, therefore, 137 hernias were initially operated. In 111 operations the standard perineal technique was adopted. In twenty‐six operations the superficial gluteal muscle was reflected and sutured into the hernial defect (‘gluteal flap’). Later, following recurrence of hernia or new development on the second side, a further sixteen operations were done, including three anal splitting procedures. In all cases the deep sutures were of monofilament nylon.

A post‐operative follow‐up was carried out for a minimum period of 12 (average 39) months. The operative and post‐operative complications included superficial and deep wound infection, partial or complete sciatic paralysis, rectal prolapse and recurrence of the hernia following breakdown of the repair, as well as occurrence of the hernia on the opposite side.

The success rate (75 per cent excluding six immediate post‐operative fatalities) judged by remission of signs and lack of recurrence was higher in the standard technique (81 per cent) than the gluteal flap method (64 per cent). Anal splitting was unsuccessful and resulted in faecal incontinence.

The standard technique was slow, sometimes gave limited exposure but was rarely associated with wound breakdown (13 per cent of operations), though sciatic paralysis was only noted in this procedure. The gluteal flap method was longer, gave excellent exposure with no risk of sciatic nerve damage, but was often associated with wound breakdown (58 per cent). Both techniques led sometimes to rectal prolapse. Castration with hernial repair resulted in a lower recurrence rate (13 per cent v. 20 per cent).

Castration should be carried out in all cases of perineal hernia.
Experiences with the use of Imizol in treating canine blood parasites in Nigeria
Authors: OGUNKOYA A. B. , ADEYANJU J. B. , ALIU Y. O.
Published: April 2008

Imizol* (imidocarb diproprionate 12 per cent w/v) at 5 mg/kg body weight was found to be highly effective in the treatment of canine babesiosis, mixed infections of Babesia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis, but slightly less effective against uncomplicated Ehrlichia canis infections.
A case of canine myeloid neoplasia
Authors: SUTTON R. H. , WILKINS S.
Published: April 2008

A case of myeloid neoplasia is described in a dog showing signs of anaemia, depression, lethargy, anorexia and enlargement of the liver and spleen which were considered typical of the disease. Rare features of the case included infiltration of neoplastic cells in the bladder wall and a normal peripheral blood total white cell count.
Paraquat poisoning in dogs and cats—differences between accidental and malicious poisoning
Authors: LONGSTAFFE J. A. , HUMPHREYS D. J. , HAYWARD A. H. S. , STODULSKI J. B. J.
Published: April 2008

The epidemiological, clinical, pathological and analytical findings in cases of accidental and malicious paraquat poisoning have been compared. These appear to indicate that in outbreaks which are probably malicious in origin, animals generally do not survive for long enough to develop specific pathological changes, but show appreciable tissue levels of paraquat on chemical analysis. In the sporadically occurring cases of accidental poisoning, tissue paraquat levels are low or undetectable and a presumptive diagnosis is more likely to be achieved on histopathological grounds.
Short Bowel Syndrome—A case report in a dog and discussion of the pathophysiology of bowel resection
Authors: WILLIAMS DAVID A. , BURROWS COLIN F.
Published: April 2008

An 8‐year‐old dog was investigated because of severe diarrhoea and weight loss following massive intestinal resection 15 months earlier. Positive contrast radiographic studies demonstrated (1) a short bowel with an increased diameter, (2) the absence of an ileo‐colic sphincter, and (3) a rapid transit time. Para‐amino benzoic acid (PABA) and xylose absorption tests, and quantitative twenty‐four hour faecal fat analysis demonstrated mildly reduced PABA absorption, marked xylose malabsorption, and steatorrhoea.

Complete control of diarrhoea was achieved by the administration of a low‐fat diet. An elemental diet supplement containing amino‐acids, simple sugars, minerals and vitamins, and medium chain triglyceride oil were subsequently used in an attempt to improve nutrition. Oral antibiotics were prescribed in an attempt to reduce the suspected overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine. The long‐term effects of dietary supplements and antibiotics could not be assessed because the dog was destroyed after a sudden deterioration in condition, probably due to severe gastric ulceration observed at autopsy. The pathophysiologic changes associated with intestinal resection are discussed in relation to possible therapeutic measures.
The intra‐uterine position of canine foetuses and their sequence of expulsion at birth
Authors: WEYDEN G. C. VAN DER , TAVERNE M. A. M. , OKKENS A. C. , FONTIJNE P.
Published: April 2008

In 14 bitches, laparotomy was performed between the 45th day and 54th day of gestation. In total, 89 foetuses were marked individually by means of transuterine injections of a radiopaque substance. After expulsion, each pup was provided with a colour code. By radiographs one day after birth, all pups of a litter could be identified by the radiopaque markings. In this way the order and presentation at birth of each pup could be compared with the uterine position and presentation at laparotomy.

When after expulsion of a pup, one or more were left in each uterine horn, the next pup was produced by the contralateral horn in 43 cases (78·2%) and by the ipsilateral horn in 12 cases (21·8%). One horn was never observed to be completely empty before the other horn started expelling pups. In six of eight bitches in which each two uterine horns did not contain an equal number of foetuses, the first pup was born from the horn containing most pups.

The presentation at birth has been observed in 73 pups. For five of these (6·9%), the presentation differed from the one observed at laparotomy; in all five cases the original posterior presentation had changed into an anterior one.
Discospondylitis in the dog
Authors: BENNETT D. , CARMICHAEL S. , GRIFFITHS I. R.
Published: April 2008

Five cases of bacterial discospondylitis in dogs are described. The clinical features included spinal pain, stiffness, lameness and in some cases a neurological deficit. Radiography proved the best aid to diagnosis and demonstrated bony destruction adjacent to an irregular disc space with sclerosis of the centra. Surgical curettage of the infected disc was carried out in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.
A study of the incidence and significance of Clostridium welchii in the wounds of dogs undergoing open reduction of fractures
Authors: STEAD A. C. , LAWSON G. H. K.
Published: April 2008

The occurrence of Clostridium welchii in the surgical wounds of 53 dogs with long‐bone fracture was studied before and during surgery. Twelve subsequent cases of wound infection are discussed, from nine of which Cl. welchii was isolated and one of which died from myonecrosis.
Prevalence of fleas on dogs and cats in an area of central London
Authors: BERESFORD‐JONES W. P.
Published: April 2008

An account is given of the prevalence of fleas obtained at post‐mortem examination from dogs and cats in the Camden Town area of central London during the period 1972–1976. From a total of 193 dogs, fleas were collected from 20 2%. The following species were represented: Ctenocephalides felis felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Orchopeas howardi. Of a total of 316 cats, 56% harboured fleas, all of which were found to be Ctenocephalides felis felis. The advantages of using cadavers rather than live cats and dogs for studies of this kind are noted and comparisons are made with the findings of other authors. The public health importance of the cat and dog flea in relation to human dermatitis is discussed.
Congenital vestibulo‐vaginal stenosis in the bitch
Authors: HOLT P. E. , SAYLE B.
Published: April 2008

The clinical findings in twenty‐two entire and spayed bitches, all showing signs of vulval pruritus, with vestibulo‐vaginal stenosis are described and discussed. The results of employing dilation, hymenectomy, vestibulo‐vaginoplasty and vaginectomy as methods of treatment are presented.
The effect of doxapram hydrochloride on cats anaesthetized with either Saffan or thiopentone sodium
Authors: CURTIS R. , EVANS J. M.
Published: April 2008

Doxapram hydrochloride as a 2% aqueous solution (Dopram V, A. H. Robins) was administered intravenously to cats anaesthetized with either Saffan (Glaxo) or 2 5% thiopentone sodium. A dose of 7 5 mg per kg resulted in an immediate and marked increase in respiratory rate and depth, and the heart rate also increased significantly. The administration of doxapram to cats anaesthetized with Saffan resulted in an average initial increase in minute volume of 181%; although the effect diminished rapidly, the tidal volume remained elevated for many minutes compared with controls. Doxapram hydrochloride would appear to be of value in the treatment of respiratory depression during anesthesia with either Saffan or thiopentone.
Sinoatrial arrest associated with primary atrial myocarditis in a dog
Authors: ROBINSON W. F. , THOMPSON R. R. , CLARK W.T.
Published: April 2008

The clinical findings in a dog with sinoatrial arrest, atrioventricular block and multifocal idioventricular escape beats are described. The clinical findings were associated with a primary myocarditis involving the sinoatrial node, the left and right atrium and atrioventricular node. The differentiation between sinoatrial arrest, sinoatrial block and sinoventricular conduction is discussed.
A case of canine filariasis due to Dipetalonema reconditum (Grassi 1889) in Nigeria
Authors: BOBADE P. A. , OJEBUOBOH P. B. , AKINBOADE O.
Published: April 2008

The clinical findings and the result of periodicity studies in a 41/2‐ year‐old dog with high microfilaraemia due to the microfilariae of Dipetalonema reconditum are presented. The main clinical findings were a dermatosis and emaciation. The microfilaraemia tended to exhibit a nocturnal cyclic variation with the peak occurring between 04.00 hours (4.00 a.m.) and 05.00 hours (5.00 a.m.) and the lowest level between 12.00 hours (12.00 noon) and 14.00 hours (2.00 p.m.).
Intratracheal neoplasia in two cats
Authors: BEAUMONT P. R.
Published: April 2008

The occurrence of primary intratracheal tumours is regarded as a rarity in veterinary medicine. Two such cases are reported here; the differential diagnosis of intratracheal obstruction is reviewed.
Avulsion of the medial epicondyle of the humerus in the dog
Authors: CULVENOR J. A. , HOWLETT C. R.
Published: April 2008

Avulsion of the medial epicondyle of the humerus is described in five dogs. In four cases the injury followed recent trauma while in the other, it appeared as a chronic problem.
Diffuse cutaneous granulomatous lesions associated with acid‐fast bacilli in a cat
Authors: DONNELLY T. M. , JONES M. R. , WICKHAM NANCY
Published: April 2008

Feline cutaneous granulomas associated with acid‐fast bacilli are reviewed briefly. A case of diffuse cutaneous granulomatous lesions associated with acid‐fast bacilli and the presence of acid‐fast bacilli in the draining lymph nodes and liver is reported and described. The unusual clinical appearance of the skin lesions in this case and the varied clinical presentation of lesions associated with acid‐fast bacilli is discussed.
The removal of an impacted maxillary canine and associated dentigerous cyst in a Chow: a case report
Authors: FIELD E. A. , SPEECHLEY J. A. , JONES D. E.
Published: April 2008

A case is described involving the surgical removal of an impacted maxillary canine tooth in a Chow and enucleation of an associated dentigerous cyst.
Long‐term survival following embolectomy in two cats with aortic embolism
Authors: ROBINS G. M. , WILKINSON G. T. , MENRATH V. H. , ATWELL R. B. , RIESZ G.
Published: April 2008

Two cats suffering from aortic embolism were subjected to embolectomy, preceded in one case by the administration of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine antagonist, cyproheptadine, and followed in both by the administration of heparin and acetylsalicylic acid. Both animals made a good functional recovery and are in good health 2 years after surgery. The rationale underlying the medical therapy is discussed.
Attempted oestrus induction in four bitches using pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD
Published: April 2008

Two juvenile (9 months) and two adult (3 years) beagle bitches were injected with five doses (250 i.u. per dose) of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on alternate days. Plasma oestrogen concentrations rose in all bitches. In one adult bitch plasma progesterone concentrations remained basal and no signs of oestrus were shown; in the other there was a slight elevation of circulating progesterone values and she showed oestrus but did not conceive. Both the young bitches came into heat and had multiple ovulations, producing very high plasma progesterone concentrations. One of them conceived, and at laparotomy on the thirty‐sixth day after the first mating seventeen conceptuses were seen; 14 days later ovarohysterectomy was performed and only five foetuses remained in the uterus.
A case of central diabetes insipidus in the cat: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: BURNIE A. G. , DUNN J. K.
Published: April 2008

A case of diabetes insipidus is described in a two‐year‐old entire male short‐haired domestic cat. The clinical signs included a marked polyuria associated with secondary polydipsia and a urine specific gravity of 1–005. Diagnosis was confirmed by water deprivation test and response to desmopressin. Treatment with chlorothiazide diuretics is also described.
Normal parameters in abdominal radiology of the dog and cat
Authors: LEE R. , LEOWIJUK C.
Published: April 2008

The size, position and ease of demonstration of the major abdominal viscera have been recorded in a series of two hundred consecutive radiographic examinations of the dog and cat. Only the values for viscera either known to be normal following surgery or autopsy, or presumed to be normal on the basis of clinical findings, are presented. All values are expressed as a ratio of the length of the second lumbar vertebral body. The factors affecting organ visibility and the variations in normal organ size are discussed.
Pregnancy termination in dogs with non‐hormonal compounds: evaluation of selected derivatives
Authors: GALLIANI G. , OMODEI‐SALÉA A.
Published: April 2008

Four non‐hormonal, pregnancy‐terminating compounds have been studied in bitches.

One of these, 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐s‐triazole[5,1‐a]isoquinoline (DL 717‐IT or L 12717), has been found to be very efficacious after a single subcutaneous injection.

This compound appears to be promising for use in veterinary practice.
Spermatogenic arrest associated with focal degenerative orchitis in related dogs
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD , LONGSTAFFE J. ADRIAN
Published: April 2008

Four dogs with a history of infertility were found on examination to be azoospermic. Three of the dogs were related (a sire and two male offspring) and investigation revealed that some of their male ancestors had been of reduced fertility. There were degenerative changes in 20–40 per cent of the seminiferous tubules, a proportion of which were associated with a focal peritubular orchitis. There was a complete absence of spermatozoa in the rete testis, the vasa efferentia and the epididymis. The possibility that the condition is of an autoimmune nature is discussed. The unrelated dog had a non‐inflammatory degeneration of tubules with complete absence of spermatogenesis.
The effect of age and season of the year on testicular function in the dog, as determined by histological examination of the seminiferous tubules and the estimation of peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations
Authors: TAHA M. B. , NOAKES D. E.
Published: April 2008

The diameter and area of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the germinal epithelium was measured in testes removed from clinically normal dogs of different breeds and mixed ages over a 24 month period which were presented for elective castration or euthanasia. Peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations were determined at the same time.

There was no effect of the season of the year on the tubular diameter, thickness of germinal epithelium or tubular area. There was evidence of an effect of age upon tubular diameter and thickness of the germinal epithelium.

Peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, but age appeared to have no effect.
Radiological examination of the rabbit
Authors: HINTON M. H. , GIBBS CHRISTINE
Published: April 2008

The normal radiographic anatomy of the abdomen of the rabbit is described and the radiological features of some disorders of its contents are reported.
The radiological features of canine Cushing's syndrome: a review of forty‐eight cases
Authors: HUNTLEY KATRINA , FRAZER JANET , GIBBS CHRISTINE , GASKELL C. J.
Published: April 2008

The radiological signs which have been reported in association with canine Cushing's syndrome are reviewed. The incidence of these changes in 48 dogs affected with this condition is reported and the contribution of radiography to diagnosis, prognosis and management is discussed.
A sensory neuropathy affecting Long‐haired Dachshund dogs
Authors: DUNCAN I. D. , GRIFFITHS I. R.
Published: April 2008

A sensory neuropathy affecting three Long‐haired Dachshunds is described. The clinical signs were similar and include disturbances of proprioception, pain sensation and urinary function. Sensory nerve conduction was absent in one dog. Nerve biopsy showed a severe depletion of myelinated fibres in sensory nerves and widespread unmyelinated fibre pathology. Clinical and pathological evidence suggests that this axonal neuropathy, which is possibly of inherited origin, affects both myelinated and unmyelinated fibres in sensory and autonomic nerve trunks.
New instruments for canine meniscectomy
Authors: SUMNER‐SMITH G. , PRIEUR W. D.
Published: April 2008

New instruments for the operation of meniscectomy are described.
Idiopathic pericardial haemorrhage in dogs: a review of fourteen cases
Authors: GIBBS CHRISTINE , GASKELL C. J. , DARKE P. G. G. , WOTTON P. R.
Published: April 2008

The clinical and radiological findings in 14 cases of idiopathic pericardial haemorrhage are reported. Seven dogs recovered following treatment by pericardial drainage (six cases) or pericardectomy (one case). Four cases later relapsed of which two were again treated successfully. One dog apparently responded to conservative treatment but died of a relapse one month later. In the remaining six animals, which all died or were destroyed during either investigation or treatment, pericardial haemorrhage was confirmed at post‐mortem examination.
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma in three cats with nonrespiratory signs only
Authors: MOORE A. S. , MIDDLETON D. J.
Published: April 2008

Three cats with clinical abnormalities, none of which were related to the respiratory system were found on post‐mortem examination to have primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. In two cases ante‐mortem diagnoses of metastatic adenocarcinoma were reached after biopsy of firm masses in the skeletal muscles.