bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Disciplinary Perspectives about the Faculty of Education of Tribhuvan University
Authors: Dhungana Jiwan
Published: July 2022

This paper has focused on understanding the disciplinary perspectives of FOE of TU to understand how it can be a center of excellence in the field of teacher education and educational research in the SAARC. The study was carried out by reviewing a range of literature books, articles, reports, and websites to explore the disciplinary perspectives of FOE. Further, the study has compared the FOE pro programs and SPPU. The study found that the FOE of TU, as cocomparedith FOE of SPPU, needs to be a true expert educational consultant for the nation, a mini-parliament for educational discussions, educational research and dissemination center, and a pedagogical innovation center. Further, FOE of TU needs to design competitive teacher's education programs for pre-primary to university level teachers, improving FOE’s course and program structure and attracting high-caliber students to FOE studies. It is only likely to be achieved when there will be three-dimensional visionary disciplinary leadership.
घिमिरेका कवितामा विरोधजन्य सौन्दर्य
Authors: Neupane Subhas Chandra
Published: July 2022

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा कवि माधव घिमिरेका कवितामा निहित विरोधजन्य सौन्दर्यको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । घिमिरेका कवितामा प्रयुक्त विरोधमूलक वर्गका अलङ्कारले विरोधजन्य सौन्दर्यको सिर्जना गरेका छन् । कवि माधव घिमिरेका कविहरूमा विरोधविच्छित्तिमूलक वर्गका विभिन्न एघारओटा अलङ्कारहरूको प्रयोग भएको पाइन्छ । यी एघारओटा अलङ्कारहरू प्रयोग भएका कवितांशहरूमा अनेक विरोधी विचार वा चिन्तनका बीच पनि सामञ्जस्य कायम गरिएको पाइन्छ । विरोधी चिन्तन वा सोचाइलाई कवि घिमिरेले उचित समन्यव गरी सौन्दर्यको सृष्टि गरेका छन् । कवि घिमिरेका विभिन्न कवितांशहरूमा केकस्ता विरोधजन्य वस्तुहरूका बीच सन्तुलन गरी सौन्दर्यको सृष्टि गरिएको छ भन्ने कुराको निरूपण यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखको सामग्री विश्लेषणका क्रममा प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा कवि घिमिरेका फुटकर कविताहरूलाई उपयोग गरिएको छ भने द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा कवि घिमिरेका कविताका सम्बन्धमा प्रकाश पारी लेखिएका पुस्तक, लेख, अनुसन्धान र अलङ्कार सिद्धान्तसँग सम्बन्धित संस्कृत भाषाका पुस्तकहरूको उपयोग गरिएको छ । सौन्दर्य विश्लेषणका क्रममा वर्णनात्मक, विश्लेषणात्मक र व्याख्यात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ भने चरका रूपमा सोद्देश्य कवितांशहरूको छनोट गरिएको छ ।
A Survey of the Major Satisfaction and College Adjustment of College Students Majoring in Occupational Therapy on Covid-19
Authors:   The Korean Society of Medicine & Therapy Science, Chung Jae-Yeop
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the satisfaction of college students with their major and their adjustment to school life to determine the relationships among these factors. Method: A total of 241 college students who will be majoring in occupational therapy in the capital area were used as the subjects and were given a survey. An analysis was conducted to frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, chi-squared test between the general characteristics of the major satisfaction and college adjustment. Results: The score for major satisfaction was 3.54, 3.28 for college adjustment. The major satisfaction was statistically related to the reasons for choice the major and the college, preferred class; college adjustment was statistically related to experience related to major, reasons for choice the major and the college, preferred class. Also, we found that major satisfaction of students was enrolled after Covid-19 was statistically higher than before Covid-19. Conclusion: In order to help students majoring in occupational therapy be settled in their major satisfaction and college adjustment, multidimensional approaches such as program development promoting instructional method for them, and supports such as environmental improvement should be searched.
Ashley E. Lucas, Prison Theatre and the Global Crisis of Incarceration
Authors: Freebody Kelly
Published: July 2022

Ashley E. Lucas’s Prison Theatre and the Global Crisis of Incarceration offers a view of prison theatre that is critical, celebratory, and well researched. Personal stories, historical analysis, and explorations of practice are skilfully interwoven throughout to provide readers with a rich perspective on the global field of prison theatre.
Climas motivacionales, necesidades psicológicas básicas y motivación en deportistas de una institución privada
Authors: Mosqueda Ortiz Sofía , López-Walle Jeanette M.
Published: July 2022

Con base en el análisis de los climas motivacionales desde la perspectiva del modelo de Duda y colaboradores (2018), el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer si la motivación autónoma y controlada de los atletas puede estar influenciada por el clima motivacional (empowering y disempowering) generado por el entrenador a través de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (satisfechas y frustradas). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 542 jóvenes deportistas de 11 a 16 años (M = 14.07, DT = 1.28). Los resultados confirman que el clima empowering se relaciona positiva y significativamente con la satisfacción de cada una de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y estas, a su vez, se relacionan positiva y significativamente con la motivación autónoma; además, se confirmó el efecto mediador de las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas: autonomía, competencia y relación. Por su parte, el clima disempowering relaciona positiva y significativamente con la frustración de cada una de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y estas, a su vez, se vinculan positiva y significativamente con la motivación controlada; solo se confirmó el efecto mediador de la frustración de la necesidad de competencia y relación.
HVOF Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Cermet Coating to Improve the Erosion Resisting Performance of the Coal Burning Boiler Tube
Authors: Shimizu Yasuo , Sakaki Kazuhiko , Yoshikane Takahiro , Fujioka Junzo , Komatz Motoharu
Published: July 2022

HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coating was investigated to improve the erosion resisting performance of the coal burning boiler tube exposed by fly ash erosion. SUS 310S stainless steel substrate was used to examine the effect of surface treatments. HVOF coating was compared with the calorizing treatment. Coating microstructure, mechanical properties such as hardness and sand blast erosion resistances, and high temperature oxidation resistance were examined. Erosion resisting performance and durability of the HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coating were superior to those obtained from the calorizing surface treatment.
Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composite for High Temperature Applications Obtained by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Valente T. , Marino G. , Tului M.
Published: July 2022

Nose and wing leading edges for future generations space vehicles will withstand very high temperature in an oxidizing environment. UHTC (Ultra High Temperature Ceramics) materials are very promising candidate materials for such applications. An innovative, proprietary methodology was developed to produce, by plasma spraying deposition, a ceramic composite containing SiC particles (25 wt %) dispersed in a ZrB2 matrix. With such a technique both coatings and self standing parts were fabricated. In the present paper, the results of mechanical characterisations, carried out on self standing samples, are presented. Tensile and bending properties were determined by mechanical tests on as sprayed samples and on samples exposed at high temperature (2173 K) in oxidising conditions. Experimental results clearly evidenced the possibility to use the plasma spraying technology and suggest that the so fabricated ZrB2-SiC material is suitable to be adopted as protective coating.
Development of Thermally Sprayed Coating Applied for Boiler Tube
Authors: Kobayashi Y. , Yamaguchi S.
Published: July 2022

New composite materials thermally spray powder is developed in order to protect the surface of boiler tube while long period more than up to this time. This powder is so constitute that original sermet is organized from several bolides and inter metallic compounds (patent pending applied for). For the reliable electric power supply, the steam generating boiler is important facility still today. And in boiler operation, one of the most significant problems is the prevention of boiler tube failure. The main destructive processes that ravage boiler tubes are corrosion and erosion. During the last several years, thermally sprayed coating has been applied to the surfaces of boiler tubes. Accordingly, this paper reports on the effects of this developed powder’s coating as compared with these conventional coatings on the prevention of these hot abrasion are tested in laboratory.
Residual Stress Analysis in Plasma Sprayed Free-Standing Zirconia Components
Authors: Markocsan N. , Nylen P. , Fogarassy P. , Manescu A.
Published: July 2022

New technologies as Near Net-Shape Spray Forming offer good possibilities to obtain quickly and easily nozzle type refractory components. Excessive material utilisation and laborious machining can be avoided. Cylindrical shape components have been obtained by plasma spraying of yttria partially stabilized zirconia powder on a preshaped mandrel which was subsequently removed. Residual stress analysis through the coatings has been performed using three evaluation methods. A mathematical model able to predict the levels of residual stress is presented and used. A finite element analysis is developed in order to calculate the residual stress field in the near-net shape formed coatings. The validation of the theoretical analysis and mathematical models were performed by neutron diffraction measurements. The experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by analytical methods and reveal low levels of residual stresses within the sprayed coatings.
Production of Rapidly Solidified Iron Matrix Composite Deposits with Dispersed Boride Particles by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Hoshiyama Yasuhiro , Miyake Hidekazu , Murakami Kenji , Nakajima Hideo
Published: July 2022

Fe-B composite powder was produced by spray-drying of elemental iron and boron powders. Fe-ZrB2 composite powder was made by ball-milling of elemental iron and ZrB2 powders. These powders were plasma-sprayed in low-pressure argon atmosphere to produce iron matrix composite deposits with dispersed boride particles. As-sprayed deposits formed using Fe-B composite powder are composed of ferrite (α) and austenite (γ) phase that is supersaturated with boron due to the high cooling rate of molten particles on a substrate. Heat treatment of the deposit at 673 K leads to the formation of Fe3B. The deposit heat-treated at 1073 K is made up of α, Fe2B, and FeB. With increasing heat-treatment temperature up to 1073 K, the hardness of the deposit decreases. As-sprayed deposit produced using Fe-ZrB2 composite powder is composed of α, ZrB2, Fe2B, and Fe3Zr. Heat treatment of the deposit at 1073 K results in the formation of FeB. Heat treatment at 1073 K lowers hardness of the deposit.
Non-Destructive Adhesion Testing of Plasma-Sprayed Coatings Using Ultrasounds and Laser Shocks
Authors: Ducos M. , Bossuat B. , Walaszek H. , Barradas S. , Jeandin M. , Arrigoni M. , Boustie M. , Bolis C. , Berthe L.
Published: July 2022

To address drawbacks with conventional destructive adhesion tests, two advanced nondestructive methods were developed to characterize the acoustic response of coating-substrate bonding. These new tests, immersion ultrasonic testing and laser shock adhesion testing, are discussed in this contribution. The paper describes the test process and results as compared to traditional destructive testing. The advantages and drawbacks of the techniques are addressed.
Characterization of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Boron Carbide
Authors: Salimijazi H.R. , Coyle T.W. , Mostaghimi J. , Leblanc L.
Published: July 2022

Boron carbide has been successfully deposited on Ti alloy by vacuum plasma spraying (VPS). Mechanical properties of the deposited structure were assessed by micro-hardness and nano-hardness indentation. Chemical and phase compositions of the starting powder and the as-sprayed structure were characterized using hot gas extraction (LECO), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The microstructure consisted of equiaxed boron carbide grains, microcrystalline boron carbide particles, and amorphous carbon regions at the grain boundaries. The amount of boron oxide and amorphous carbon increased during spraying. Carbon segregation to grain boundaries in the as-deposited B4C was observed. The measured micro-hardness was slightly higher than values previously reported (1033 ± 2009 HV). There was significant variation of nano-hardness from point to point in the material due to the existence of multiple phases, splat boundaries, and porosity in the deposited structure.
Bioactivity and Biocompatibility of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Ding Chuanxian , Liu Xuanyong , Zheng Xuebin
Published: July 2022

Wollastonite and its composite coatings with zirconia and titania have been deposited by plasma spraying. The bioactivity of coatings was evaluated using a simulated body fluid soaking test. The fetal rat’s osteoblasts were seeded on the surface of the coatings to examine their biocompatibility. The SEM and XRD technologies were used to examine the morphologies, structure and composition of the surface of the coatings soaked in the simulated body fluid. The results obtained showed that carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite was formed on the surfaces of wollastonite, wollastonite/ZrO2 and wollastonite/TiO2 coatings, while was not formed on the surfaces of ZrO2 and TiO2, indicating the wollastonite improved the bioactivity of ZrO2 and TiO2 coatings. Osteoblasts are able to survive and proliferate on the surfaces of wollastonite, wollastonite/ZrO2 and wollastonite/TiO2 coatings. It is enough to prove that these coatings possess excellent biocompatibility.
Study on Porosity of Plasma Sprayed Coating by Digital Image Analysis Method
Authors: Du Hao , Shoi Chul Ho , Lee Soo Wohn
Published: July 2022

Three kind of commercial ceramics powders, Al2O3, ZrO2 and TiO2 were deposited on 304 stainless steel plates by plasma spraying technique. Their porosities were evaluated with digital image analysis method. As the accuracy of this method depends significantly on metallographic preparation and metallography procedure for coating sample, we studied the effects of surface roughness, magnification and number of fields of view on the porosity. The proper values for the three parameters are discussed.
Use of a Twin Powder Feeder with the Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process
Authors: Shukla V. , Sadangi R.K. , Kear B.H. , McCandlish L.E.
Published: July 2022

Cold Gas Dynamic Spray (CGDS), is a relatively new coating process in which small powder particles are accelerated to form coatings. Ductile metal powders are injected into a supersonic jet to achieve speeds of up-to approximately 1000m/s. Upon impact the powder particles dissipate their kinetic energy and form a coating without melting of the powder and unwanted heating of the substrate. In this process high deposition rates, at atmospheric conditions, of a wide range of ductile powders without phase change, grain growth or high residual stresses is possible. CGDS is ideal for production of coatings with bioactive materials, where it is desirable to maintain the chemical integrity of the powder in the coating. A twin powder feeder, that can feed two different materials in a cold gas dynamic spray system has been developed. The layered coatings of copper and aluminum are produced by this method are described.
Corrosion Protective Coatings by Modified Underwater Plasma Spraying
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Möhwald K. , Kolar D. , Engl L.
Published: July 2022

This presentation gives an overview of a research project of the Institute of Materials Science at the University of Hannover (Germany) focussed on under water plasma spraying (UPS). The aim of this project is to qualify the process for the application of corrosion protective coatings. UPS could be used for maintenance of underwater constructions. Another field of application can be seen in an alternative for atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) in coating shops. Water is an excellent filter for noise and UV radiation. Furthermore, particle polluted water could quite easily be refined so that UPS could show environmental advantages compared to APS. The UPS process is characterized by a low standoff distance and therefore a small plasma spot. A very promising modification of the standard UPS process, which is examined in this project, is shrouded underwater plasma spraying (S-UPS). By adding the shroud to the underwater plasma spray device a large defined cavity could be build up so that spray distances comparable to APS are possible. By variation of the shroud gas in terms of air or inert gas it is possible to reach comparable or even better coating properties then using an APS process.
Alumina Coatings Formed by Electromagnetically Accelerated Plasma Spraying
Authors: Kitamura J. , Usuba S. , Kakudate Y. , Yokoi H. , Yamamoto K. , Tanaka A.
Published: July 2022

Alumina (Al2O3) coatings on stainless steel substrates were fabricated by electromagnetically accelerated plasma spraying (EMAPS), which generated a high-velocity pulsed plasma jet of more than 2.5 km/s with a high peak pressure of 1 MPa. High amounts of α-Al2O3 crystalline phase in the raw powder was preserved in the EMAPS coatings where the ratio of α-Al2O3 to γ-Al2O3 was approximately 65:35, which is generally different from the α-Al2O3-rich coatings formed from α-Al2O3 raw powders using conventional spraying methods, such as plasma spraying, detonation gun spraying, and high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The specific wear rate of the coating formed from 6.6 µm raw powder at a spray distance of 100 mm was 2.3 × 10-6 mm3/Nm, which is comparable to that of sintered bulk α-Al2O3. Morphological features of the coatings and the crystal structures suggested that the plastic deformation by the high-velocity impact of highly viscous raw powders due to insufficient heating was dominant in the formation of dense coatings with highly structural ratios of α-Al2O3.
Modulation Plasma Technology
Authors: Gutman-Goodman Boris B. , Shumar James R.
Published: July 2022

A combustion mixture of a hydrocarbon and air is injected into the plasma chamber along the direction of the plasma vortex, causing the plasma arc attachment to the anode to be in the diffusion attachment mode, where the plasma arc attaches to the anode surface over a large area, thereby substantially reducing the anode erosion rate. By modulating the plasma arc current with very sharp plasma arc current pulses at a frequency related to the dwell time of the spray particles in the plasma, multiple sequential plasma shock waves which disintegrate the spray particles and accelerate them toward the target substrate. The increased velocity of the spray particles combined with their smaller size results in greatly increased cooling rates when they impact the target substrate, thereby resulting in amorphous spray-coatings as well, with improved characteristics, including decreased porosity, higher tensile bond strength, and increased hardness, as well as having a greatly increased deposition rate. The plasma arc current is precisely controlled to assure small time constant in the plasma so that rapid changes in the plasma arc current are forming the plasma shock waves that strongly impact the spray particles.
Dense Oxide Coating Deposition by High Velocity TPCVD Utilizing Boiling of Metal Alcoxide
Authors: Ando Yasutaka , Tobe Shogo , Saito Takashi , Tahara Hirokazu , Yoshikawa Takao
Published: July 2022

Thermal plasma CVD is hoped to be made fit for practical use because this process is the process which can fabricate precisely structure and component controlled coatings. Especially, TPCVD will be used in the industrial fields where thermal spraying has been used so far since TPCVD come to be studied under an atmospheric environment recently. However, TPCVD coatings fabricated under an atmospheric environment is porous and brittle. So that, TPCVD has been mostly carried out under a low pressure environment and high equipment cost has been demanded. As for the method to solve this problem, according to the report on a gas-deposition process, improvement of the jet flow is thought to be useful. Therefore, in this study, in order to obtain dense and rigid film by TPCVD under an atmospheric environment, Dense oxide coating deposition by High velocity TPCVD utilizing boiling of metal alkoxide was carried out. Consequently, though only brittle coating was deposited on the condition without boiling of metal alkoxide, dense and rigid coating was deposited even under an atmospheric environment on the condition with boiling. From this result, TPCVD was found to have high potential for rapid deposition of dense and rigid coatings.
Controlled Atmosphere Reaction Plasma Synthesis of Multicomponent Ceramic Powders
Authors: Shukla V. , Sadangi R.K. , Kear B.H.
Published: July 2022

A four inch external diameter copper reaction synthesis tube for attachment to an air plasma spray gun has been designed and constructed. This tube enables the entire hot plasma zone to be enclosed by flowing gas. The tube is water cooled, and enables control of the reaction/melting conditions for the materials that are injected into the plasma as dry powder, slurry or solutions. A supersonic nozzle is also incorporated into the design to promote powder production. Provision for capturing the reaction products in water is made and separation gives the final ceramic powders.
A CFD Analysis of the Relationships between Process Parameters and Particle In-flight Characteristics in Flame Spraying
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Robi , Nylen Per , Wigren Jan
Published: July 2022

The flame spraying process has been analysed using three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The process employed at the Volvo Aero Corporation for the coating of fan and compressor housings has been modelled. The gas combustion was simulated as a multi-component chemically reacting flow. The standard, two equations, k-ε turbulence model was employed. A statistical analysis of the computer simulation experiments revealed that particle velocity and particle temperature were dependent on four process parameters, namely the acetylene flow rate, the carrier gas flow, the powder feed rate and the spray distance. The most important factors influencing particle velocity and temperature were the acetylene flow rate and the carrier gas flow. The carrier gas flow rate was shown to have an unexpectedly large influence on particle in-flight properties. Simulations were repeated with particles of different median diameters. The study revealed that a very high correlation existed between particle temperature and particle velocity for particles of the same median diameter. Furthermore, the particle median diameter, when compared with the investigated process parameters, was found to have a more pronounced influence on both particle temperature and velocity. It would appear that the use of powder lots comprised of sufficiently fine-grained powders is the most promising single contribution towards increasing deposition efficiency that can be applied to the current process.
Phase Formation of Nano-TiO2 Particles During Flame Spraying with Liquid Feedstock
Authors: Yang Guan-Jun , Li Chang-Jiu , Wang Yu-Yue
Published: July 2022

The nanostructured TiO2 deposits can be synthesized through flame spraying with liquid feedstock based on our previous result. The deposit consisted mainly of anatase TiO2 with a small fraction of rutile TiO2. But the crystalline size of rutile TiO2 was larger than that of anatase TiO2. To clarify the phase formation during the deposition, the nanostructured TiO2 deposits formed by flame spraying with liquid feedstock were annealed at different temperatures from 200 to 800 °C. The microstructure of the as-deposited and annealed TiO2 deposits was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis. The transformation of the anatase crystalline to rutile crystalline in the nanostructured TiO2 was also examined through investigating photocatalytic performance of the TiO2 coatings to degrade the acetaldehyde under the ultraviolet illumination. XRD analysis showed that the significant transformation of anatase crystalline to rutile crystalline occured at the temperature higher than 600 °C. It was found that the grain size of the rutile phase was larger than that of the anatase phase in the deposits annealed at different temperatures. The deposits annealed at temperature lower than 450 °C presented a good photocatalytic activity. However, although the deposit annealed at temperature of 500 °C contained about 95% anatase crystalline, it became photocatalytically inactive. Despite the anatase contents from 95% to 0% in the deposits annealed at temperatures higher than 500 °C, those deposits presented no significant difference in the photocatalytic activity. On the other hand, thermal analysis suggested that the phase transformation of anatase to rutile occurred at 400 to 500 °C. Based on the experimental findings, a model for the phase formation in flame-sprayed nano-TiO2 deposit with liquid feedstock and transformation of the nanostructured TiO2 is proposed.
A Parameter Study of the PROTAL Process to Optimize the Adhesion of Ni5Al Coatings
Authors: Bahbou F. , Nylén P. , Barbezat G.
Published: July 2022

The Protal process combines surface preparation using a laser and thermal spraying in one production step. The laser preparation is based on a photomechanical reaction induced by the interaction between a laser of high instantaneous power and a polluted surface. The mechanism of bonding and the coating-substrate interface are then changed in comparison with grit blasting resulting in a significantly reduced substrate roughness. This study is aimed at finding the optimal Protal process parameters for the coating adhesion of a Ni5%Al sprayed on Ti6Al4V and IN718 alloys. The parameters investigated are laser beam intensity, the time delay between the laser impact and the spray impact, powder feed rate, substrate roughness and temperature. A test plan including these parameters is analysed by means of a fractional factorial design of experiment method. The adhesions of the coatings are measured using the ASTM C633 standard test. Data are analysed by a multiple linear regression model using a least squares fit. In addition, the coating/substrate interface is examined by optical and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) techniques as well as by Auger electron spectroscopy. Substrate roughness, substrate temperature and laser intensity are all shown to have a negative correlation with adhesion strength within the investigated range. Areas of diffusion are noticed at the coating/substrate interface.
Influence of Post-Treatment on the Tribo-Mechanical Properties of Cermet Coatings
Authors: Ahmed R. , Stewart S. , Stoica V. , Itsukaichi T.
Published: July 2022

Whilst innovative advancements in thermal spray technology, especially in terms of characterization of starting powders, coating processes and optimisation of coating process parameters have resulted in coatings of improved quality, there is an ever increasing demand to push the frontiers of coating applications. Post-treatment of thermal spray coatings either by HIPing (Hot Isostatic Pressing) or vacuum heating can thus offer one such opportunity by presenting a combination of coating and substrate properties not achievable by individual processes. Hence the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of two integrated process technologies of thermal spraying and HIPing. Tribo-mechanical properties of WC-Co coatings deposited by the HVOF process in the as-sprayed and post-treated conditions were thus investigated in this study. Results are discussed in terms of coating microstructure, sliding wear resistance, elastic modulus, hardness, residual strain and rolling contact fatigue resistance. These results indicate that significant improvements in coating performance can be achieved by appropriate design of post-treated components.
Diagnostics for Thermal Coating Processes - Research Results of the DFG-Founded Project Group
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Henne R. , Landes K. , Lugscheider E. , Prehm J. , Hartz K. , Ernst F. , Zimmermann S. , Arnold J. , Müller M. , Schiller G. , Kavka T.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents selected research results of the DFG founded project group, consisting of four institutes focusing on diagnostic methods in thermal coating processes. The aim of this group is to characterize the Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) process by means of diagnostic methods so that – based on the requirement profile of the coating – appropriate adjusting of the process parameters can be realized. For this purpose, different diagnostic tools like Particle Shape Imaging, Laser Doppler Anemometry, Schlieren Technique, Particle Image Velocimetry, Enthalpy Probe, DPV 2000 and Thermography were qualified and adjusted to each other. Most of the results presented in this article are limited to the area close to the substrate which is difficult to handle with diagnostic methods. Additionally, new achievements concerning nozzle design and system enhancements are introduced.
Tribological Behavior of D-Gun and Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Coatings on Light Weight Materials
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Rechlin R.
Published: July 2022

Lightweight materials play a special role thanks to their low density. In recent years considerable development has been conducted using Al, Mg and their alloys. The increasing use of these materials enlarges the requirements related to the high wear resistance accompanied by good formability and ductility as well as the high corrosion resistance. A fulfillment of such demands can be attained through surface treatments. Among the currently available wide variety of surface treatment processes thermal spraying techniques play an important role. This study presents a comparison of light weight materials coated through Detonation-Gun and Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Processes. The influence of coating parameters, coating type and coating thickness on tribological properties are studied. The behavior of coatings under different bending angle regarding cohesion and adhesion is analyzed. Corresponding SEM- and LM-analyses are conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Identification of Poor Via-Ceramic Adhesion in Electronic Substrates
Authors: Dauksher Walter , Burton Scott , Niles David , Eaton Dennis H.
Published: July 2022

Mechanical bending strength measurements, part of a quality screening process for ceramic substrate package designs, revealed a significant difference between two substrates that could not be attributed to constituent materials or structural thickness effects. Structural analysis was performed to generate a hypothesis that the metal vias were not structurally adhered to the ceramic holes and thus caused stress concentrations that reduced the bending strength of the substrates. In this detailed case study, the authors explain how they proved their hypothesis using FEA to calculate stress concentration factors, optical microscopy to examine fracture surfaces, and electron spectroscopy to determine chemical compositions. The successful outcome attests to the value of strength criteria as an investigative tool for the assessment of electronic package substrate quality.
ABCs of IVAs
Authors: Cole Jr. Edward I.
Published: July 2022

This article provides a qualitative overview of several new defect localization techniques, including charge-induced voltage alteration (CIVA), light-induced voltage alteration (LIVA), thermally-induced voltage alteration (TIVA), and Seebeck effect imaging (SEI). It explains how each method works in terms of the physics of signal generation and the types of images they produce. It also includes a summary highlighting the similarities and differences of each technique.
What in the Name of ASM Are We Talking About?
Authors: Albrecht Dan
Published: July 2022

This article provides an overview of the history of ASM International and the expansion of its focus from metals and alloys to encompass a broader range of materials, including materials used in microelectronic devices.
Nanoelectronics Failure Analysis
Authors: Vallett Dave
Published: July 2022

This article discusses the emergence of nanoelectronics and the effect it may have on semiconductor testing and failure analysis. It describes the different types of quantum effect and molecular electronic devices that have been produced, explaining how they are made, how they work, and the changes that may be required to manufacture and test these devices at scale.
Design, Metrics, and Control of the Unpredictable– A Business Model for Failure Analysis Service (Part II)
Authors: Boit Christian , Scholtens Koos , Weiland Rainer , Görlich Siegfried , Brillert Christof , Burmer Christian , Egger Peter , Schlenker Dietmar
Published: July 2022

This is the second of a two-article series that presents a complete business model for Failure Analysis (FA) as a high tech provider in the world of microelectronics. Part I introduced the fundamentals of such a model. It started with the definitions of a business process, and then the analysis flows were presented. Finally, a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) based operation was developed. Part II handles the implementation of such a model in an FA lab. It discusses the interdependencies of workload and cycle time, in other words the pipeline management. This opens the path to quantitative target setting agreements with customers. A complete system builds a database that can calculate all the parameters for a FA lab tailored exactly to the demand of the customer. Such a database acts as a reference lab and defines best FA practice.
Performance of Forming Substrate into Solid Immersion Lens (FOSSIL) for Backside Fault Isolation Techniques
Authors: Koyama Tohru , Yoshida Eiji , Komori Junko , Mashiko Yoji
Published: July 2022

Conventional backside imaging takes advantage of silicon’s transmission of light which, based on the Plank relation (Eg = hc/λ), occurs at wavelengths greater than 1 µm. Because of diffraction, the lateral spatial resolution of backside imaging techniques is limited to about half the wavelength of the light source used, which is far too coarse to isolate faults in a typical IC. In this article, the authors explain how they overcome this limitation by reprofiling the backside of the silicon, forming spherically shaped domes. The raised convex surfaces act as solid immersion lenses that are shown to improve spatial resolution by nearly an order of magnitude. The degree of improvement is evaluated using backside emission microscopy (EMS), optical beam induced current (OBIC) imaging, and laser voltage probing (LVP) and the results are presented in the article.
I/O Interface Latchup Analysis Using Optical and Electrical Testing
Authors: Stellari Franco , Song Peilin , McManus Moyra K. , Gauthier Robert , Weger Alan J. , Chatty Kiran , Muhammad Mujahid , Sanda Pia
Published: July 2022

Latchup has long been a concern for CMOS technologies and is becoming more of an issue with the reduction of transistor dimensions and spacing. Although many techniques for avoiding the risk of latchup have been developed, they generally apply to specific technologies and are not portable to others. In light of the problem, IBM engineers conducted an in-depth evaluation of the structures most sensitive to latchup ignition and the many possible triggering mechanisms. In this article, they describe the work they performed along with the findings and provide practical guidelines on how to minimize latchup regardless of the IC technology involved.
Current issues of taxation in the field of agriculture in Russia: problems and prospects
Authors:   Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I.I. Ivanov, Kursk, Russia, Ustinovich Elena S. , Nikolenko Denis V. ,   Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I.I. Ivanov, Kursk, Russia
Published: July 2022

The state agrarian tax policy is aimed at the development of agricultural production sectors and ensuring the stability of working economic entities, which, to a large extent, contributes to the solution of socio-economic issues of rural territories as a whole. Agriculture is the basis of the country’s food security, therefore it requires priority state support, which is expressed in the creation of tax-favored conditions, the provision of preferential benefits. A lot of time is currently being devoted to the issues of tax incentives for agribusiness activities, the possibilities of applying benefits and various tools are constantly being evaluated. The list of tax preferences includes many items, but it is necessary to systematize and evaluate them from the point of view of the long-term development strategy of the state, optimization of the level of the tax burden on the subjects of the agro-industrial complex. Domestic tax administration measures should not only be economically justified and reasoned from the point of view of their effectiveness, but also consistent and timely. Therefore, it is impossible to speak unequivocally about the full effectiveness of the existing taxation system in agriculture in Russia. The dependence of agricultural production on natural conditions, seasonality, low and irregular levels of profitability creates additional difficulties, which, in turn, affects the efficiency of the agricultural sector of the economy. The paper analyzes the main aspects of taxation of enterprises in the agricultural sector of Russia; assesses the existing tax policy in relation to agribusiness; identifies problems and identifies further prospects.
Regulation of the mechanism of implementation of social and labor relations in the agro-industrial complex of Russia
Authors:   VNIOPTUSKH – branch of the Federal State Budgetary RESEARCH CENTER VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Truba Anatoly S.
Published: July 2022

The mechanism of implementation of social and labor relations in the agro-industrial complex in Russian practice remains stable, despite the aggressive conditions of digital transformation. This situation has developed due to the relative stability of the legislation regulating the complex of labor relations, as well as the high level of conservatism of social and labor practices in the agro-industrial complex. Supervision in the field of social and labor relations should be carried out from the standpoint of preventing labor offenses and minimizing the impact on employers. In these conditions, the use of digital-platform solutions is essential. An effective tool is the use of an electronic employment contract.
Participation of farmers and local communities in the implementation of rural support policies in the countries of the European Union
Authors:   Ural State Agrarian University – Research Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Problems and Agricultural Management, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Golovina Svetlana G. , Abilova Ekaterina V. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Mikolaychik Ivan N. ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy, Kurgan, Russia
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to present for scientific discussion some of the results of the study, which make it possible to formulate a number of practical recommendations regarding the implementation of the European experience of supporting rural areas in domestic political practice. While such opportunities relate to many aspects of the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP), the article deals with the potential of agricultural producers (farmers), local communities, rural networks in solving rural development problems with the active support of special funds of the European Union, primarily the European Fund for Rural Development. The research findings were obtained through a discursive method of analysis with using (1) legislative documents underlying the policy, (2) statistical information and reporting data related to the results of the CAP realization at various program stages, (3) scientific publications presenting expert assessments by European colleagues.
Agrotechnologies and possibilities of grain production intensification in Siberia
Authors:   Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Chemicalization of Agriculture SNC RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, Sharkov Ivan N. , Kolbin Sergey A. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Chemicalization of Agriculture SNC RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, Zakharov Gennadiy M. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Chemicalization of Agriculture SNC RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: July 2022

Based on the actual increases in the yield of spring wheat from the use of fertilizers and fungicides obtained in many years of field experience, the current possibilities of intensifying grain production in the forest-steppe of Siberia are analyzed. The main condition for intensification is the receipt of additional income by farms. It is shown that the average annual increase in wheat yield from the use of fertilizers and fungicides recoup the costs of their application already at a grain price of 9000 rubles/t. However, due to a decrease in yield in unfavorable weather conditions, the use of these chemicals was unprofitable for at least 40% of the years. An increase in the price of grain to 15000 rubles/t reduced the share of unprofitable years to 10%. It is concluded that the use of chemicals, providing an increase in crop yields, does not guarantee farms to receive an annual profit. This is one of the main factors hindering the widespread replication of intensive grain production technologies in Siberia.
Improving the evaluation of the efficiency of the use of budget support for the agro-industrial complex
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Semin Alexander N. , Loginov Alexander L. ,   Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Maltsev Nikolai V. ,   Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to improving approaches to assessing the effectiveness of budget support for agricultural producers in the case of applying a mechanism for distributing subsidies based on the use of a cost approach depending on the achievement of security for a particular type of food.
Rethinking the Structures of Academic Writing in the Times of Exacerbated Inequity: An Introduction
Authors: Zwagerman Sean , Mitchell Kim M.
Published: July 2022

An introduction to the special issue for Rethinking the Structures of Academic Writing in the Times of Exacerbated Inequity. This paper presents a discussion of the inspiration for this special call for papers, an analysis of the genre presentation of the typical critical examination of problems emerging from social inequities, and a summary of each of the papers contained within the special issue.
Os foras da lei do espaço eletromagnético: as rádios livres sorocabanas pela perspectiva de Paulo Stecker
Authors: Parra Felipe , Maluly Luciano Victor Barros
Published: July 2022

Nesta entrevista, o radialista Paulo Stecker revela informações inéditas sobre as rádios livres sorocabanas. Em específico, tenta-se aprofundar nas características dessas emissoras clandestinas do interior paulista, no intuito de completar os registros acadêmicos sobre o tema e traçar um panorama desse importante movimento para a comunicação radiofônica no Brasil.
Обрання обласного уповноваженого від Закарпатської реформатської церкви та наслідки цього процесу
Authors: Самборовскі-Нодь Ібоя
Published: July 2022

Метою статті є реконструювати процес налагодження контактів між Закарпатською реформатською церквою та органом нової радянської влади – Радою у справах релігійних культів (РСРК), визначення так званої контактної особи між державою та конфесією, а також наслідки безуспішних виборів такої особи. Методологія дослідження базується на аналізі маловідомих і невідомих архівних джерел Синодського архіву Реформатської церкви Угорщини, Державного архіву Закарпатської області та Центрального державного архіву вищих органів влади та управління України. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що в українських дослідженнях історії церков проблематика реформатів Закарпаття досліджувалася лише частково і не в хронологічній послідовності, хоча загалом історії протестантів приділялася широка увага. Висновки. Авторка дійшла висновку, що після приходу радянських військ на Закарпаття церковна структура реформатів (кальвіністів) зазнала значних втрат, оскільки з трьох пробстів (благочинних) місце служби залишили двоє, а зі 113 священників – 25. Орієнтовно 20–25 % членів релігійних громад (чоловіків) депортували, повідомляючи, що нібито ведуть їх на триденні відновлювальні роботи. Хаотичність ситуації посилило й те, що Рада у справах релігійних культів не дозволила в 1946 році державну реєстрацію реформатів, поки вони не мають так званого обласного уповноваженого. Очевидно, що РСРК не володіло інформацією ні стосовно структурної побудови реформатів, ні стосовно їх адміністративно-територіального поділу, ні стосовно кількості вірян. Коли ж відбулися вибори обласного уповноваженого, проблема виникла через те, що його особу не узгодили з уповноваженим у справах релігій у Закарпатській області. У відсутності погоджувальних консультацій органи влади вбачали удар по своєму авторитету, тож РСРК вирішила відновити його так, що визнала недійсними результати виборів й одночасно доручила КДБ організувати стеження за обраним Іштваном Дьорке та близькою до нього організацією «Коло східних братів». КДБ кваліфікував діяльність І. Дьорке як антидержавну. Рада у справах релігійних культів бажала бачити обласним уповноваженим Дюлу Барі, оскільки вбачала в ньому не просто компромісну фігуру, а й людину, яка буде служити інтересам влади. Зрештою, РСРК також визнала, що не має достатньо інформації стосовно реформатів, тож розпочала процес їх повного перепису, не виключаючи і можливості злиття реформатської церкви із Всесоюзною радою Євангельських християн-баптистів.
Окупований Маріуполь влітку 1942 р.: за матеріалами звіту польової комендатури № 538
Authors: Титаренко Дмитро Миколайович
Published: July 2022

Проаналізовано виявлене у Воєнному архіві Федерального архіву Німеччини маловідоме документальне джерело з історії Донбасу періоду нацистської окупації. Звіт німецької польової комендатури в Маріуполі характеризує особливості реалізації окупаційної політики в адміністративній, соціальній, культурно-освітній, економічній сферах. Додатки до звіту ілюструють деякі факти культурного життя, специфіку реалізації нацистської пропаганди.
Доля навчальної літератури під час нацистської окупації України на території зони військової адміністрації
Authors: Титаренко Дмитро Миколайович
Published: July 2022

У публікації розглянуто деякі аспекти адаптації, підготовки та використання навчальної літератури під час нацистської окупації України на території зони військової адміністрації. Охарактеризовано вплив окупаційних управлінських та пропагандистських структур, представників місцевої педагогічної громадськості на зміст та параметри використання навчальної літератури.
9 травня 2014–2015 рр. в Україні: старі традиції – нові церемонії відзначення
Authors: Титаренко Дмитро Миколайович
Published: July 2022

Представлено попередні результати двох проектів із дослідження церемоній відзначення в Україні 9 травня, проведених 2014–2015 рр. у Києві, Донецьку та Одесі. Завданням цих проектів було шляхом зовнішнього спостереження та коротких інтерв’ю з’ясувати у присутніх на врочистих заходах їхнє ставлення до цього дня та пов’язаних із ним місць пам’яті. У центрі уваги дослідників перебували такі питання: як змінилися публічні презентації відзначення Дня перемоги, яку роль у цих нововведеннях відіграє громадянське суспільство, яке ставлення до нових практик у безпосередніх учасників заходів?