bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Parametric Instabilities in Turbulence Generation and Proton Heating: Hybrid Simulations of Parallel-propagating Alfvén Waves
Authors: González C. A. , Tenerani A. , Velli M. , Hellinger P.
Published: November 2020

Large-amplitude Alfvén waves tend to be unstable to parametric instabilities that result in a decay process of the initial wave into different daughter waves depending upon the amplitude of the fluctuations and the plasma beta. The propagation angle with respect to the mean magnetic field of the daughter waves plays an important role in determining the type of decay. In this paper, we revisit this problem by means of multidimensional hybrid simulations. In particular, we study the decay and the subsequent nonlinear evolution of large-amplitude Alfvén waves by investigating the saturation mechanism of the instability and its final nonlinear state reached for different wave amplitudes and plasma beta conditions. As opposed to one-dimensional simulations where the Decay instability is suppressed for increasing plasma beta values, we find that the decay process in multidimensions persists at large values of the plasma beta via the filamentation/magnetosonic decay instabilities. In general, the decay process acts as a trigger both to develop a perpendicular turbulent cascade and to enhance mean field-aligned wave–particle interactions. We find indeed that the saturated state is characterized by a turbulent plasma displaying a field-aligned beam at the Alfvén speed and increased temperatures that we ascribe to the Landau resonance and pitch-angle scattering in phase space.
The SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. III. From Intermediate- to High-mass Protostars
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Tan Jonathan C. , De Buizer James M. , Zhang Yichen , Moser Emily , Beltrán Maria T. , Staff Jan E. , Tanaka Kei E. I. , Whitney Barbara , Rosero Viviana , Yang Yao-Lun , Fedriani Rubén
Published: November 2020

We present

SOFIA–FORCAST images of 14 intermediate-mass protostar candidates as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey. We build spectral energy distributions, also using archival Spitzer, Herschel, and IRAS data. We then fit the spectral energy distributions with radiative transfer models of Zhang & Tan, based on turbulent core accretion theory, to estimate key protostellar properties. With the addition of these intermediate-mass sources, based on average properties derived from SED fitting, SOMA protostars span luminosities from

, current protostellar masses from

, and ambient clump mass surface densities,

, from

. A wide range of evolutionary states of the individual protostars and of the protocluster environments is also probed. We have also considered about 50 protostars identified in infrared dark clouds that are expected to be at the earliest stages of their evolution. With this global sample, most of the evolutionary stages of high- and intermediate-mass protostars are probed. The best-fitting models show no evidence that a threshold value of the protocluster clump mass surface density is required to form protostars up to

. However, to form more massive protostars, there is tentative evidence that

needs to be

. We discuss how this is consistent with expectations from core accretion models that include internal feedback from the forming massive star.
FLEET: A Redshift-agnostic Machine Learning Pipeline to Rapidly Identify Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Gomez Sebastian , Berger Edo , Blanchard Peter K. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Nicholl Matt , Villar V. Ashley , Yin Yao
Published: November 2020

Over the past decade wide-field optical time-domain surveys have increased the discovery rate of transients to the point that ≲10% are being spectroscopically classified. Despite this, these surveys have enabled the discovery of new and rare types of transients, most notably the class of hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSN-I), with about 150 events confirmed to date. Here we present a machine-learning classification algorithm targeted at rapid identification of a pure sample of SLSN-I to enable spectroscopic and multiwavelength follow-up. This algorithm is part of the Finding Luminous and Exotic Extragalactic Transients (FLEET) observational strategy. It utilizes both light-curve and contextual information, but without the need for a redshift, to assign each newly discovered transient a probability of being a SLSN-I. This classifier can achieve a maximum purity of about 85% (with 20% completeness) when observing a selection of SLSN-I candidates. Additionally, we present two alternative classifiers that use either redshifts or complete light curves and can achieve an even higher purity and completeness. At the current discovery rate, the FLEET algorithm can provide about 20 SLSN-I candidates per year for spectroscopic follow-up with 85% purity; with the Legacy Survey of Space and Time we anticipate this will rise to more than

events per year.
Measuring Stellar and Black Hole Masses of Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi
Published: November 2020

The flare produced when a star is tidally disrupted by a supermassive black hole holds potential as a diagnostic of both the black hole mass and the star mass. We propose a new method to realize this potential based upon a physical model of optical/UV light production in which shocks near the apocenters of debris orbits dissipate orbital energy, which is then radiated from that region. Measurement of the optical/UV luminosity and color temperature at the peak of the flare leads directly to the two masses. The black hole mass depends mostly on the temperature observed at peak luminosity, while the mass of the disrupted star depends mostly on the peak luminosity. We introduce TDEmass, a method to infer the black hole and stellar masses given these two input quantities. Using TDEmass, we find, for 21 well-measured events, black hole masses between 5 × 105 and 107
M
⊙ and disrupted stars with initial masses between 0.6 and 13 M
⊙. An open-source python-based tool for TDEmass is available at https://github.com/taehoryu/TDEmass.git.
The Mode Switching in Pulsar J1326–6700
Authors: Wen Z. G. , Yan W. M. , Yuan J. P. , Wang H. G. , Chen J. L. , Mijit M. , Yuen R. , Wang N. , Tu Z. Y. , Dang S. J.
Published: November 2020

We report on a detailed study of the mode switching in pulsar J1326−6700 by analyzing the data acquired from the Parkes 64 m radio telescope at 1369 MHz. During the abnormal mode, the emission at the central and trailing components becomes extremely weak. Meanwhile, the leading emission shifts toward earlier longitude by almost 2°, and remains in this position for typically less than a minute. The mean flux density of the normal mode is almost five times that of the abnormal mode. Our data show that, for PSR J1326−6700, 85% of the time was spent in the normal mode and 15% was in the abnormal mode. The intrinsic distributions of mode timescales can be well described by Weibull distributions, which present a certain amount of memory in mode switching. Furthermore, a quasiperiodicity has been identified in the mode switching in pulsar J1326−6700. The estimated delay emission heights based on the kinematical effects indicate that the abnormal mode may have originated from higher altitude than the normal mode.
On the X-Ray Properties of the Putative Central Compact Object in 1E 0102.2−7219
Authors: Long Xi , Gaetz Terrance J. , Plucinsky Paul P.
Published: November 2020

We have analyzed the archival Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of the compact feature in the Small Magellanic Cloud supernova remnant 1E 0102.2−7219, which has recently been suggested to be the central compact object remaining after the supernova explosion. In our analysis, we have used appropriate, time-dependent responses for each of the archival observations, have modeled the background instead of subtracting it, and have fit unbinned spectra to preserve the maximal spectral information. The spectrum of this feature is similar to the spectrum of the surrounding regions that have significantly enhanced abundances of O, Ne, and Mg. We find that the previously suggested blackbody model is inconsistent with the data, as Monte Carlo simulations indicate that more than 99% of the simulated data sets have a test statistic value lower than that of the data. The spectrum is described adequately by a nonequilibrium ionization thermal model with two classes of models that fit the data equally well. One class of models has a temperature of kT ∼ 0.79 keV, an ionization timescale of ∼3 × 1011 cm−3 s, and marginal evidence for enhanced abundances of O and Ne, and the other has a temperature of kT ∼ 0.91 keV, an ionization timescale of ∼7 × 1010 cm−3 s, and abundances consistent with local interstellar medium values. We also performed an image analysis and find that the spatial distribution of the counts is not consistent with that of a point source. The hypothesis of a point-source distribution can be rejected at the 99.9% confidence level. Therefore, this compact feature is most likely a knot of O- and Ne-rich ejecta associated with the reverse shock.
Dippers from the TESS Full-frame Images. I. Results of the First One Year Data and Discovery of a Runaway Dipper
Authors: Tajiri Tomoyuki , Kawahara Hajime , Aizawa Masataka , Fujii Michiko S. , Hattori Kohei , Kasagi Yui , Kotani Takayuki , Masuda Kento , Momose Munetake , Muto Takayuki , Ohsawa Ryou , Takita Satoshi
Published: November 2020

We present a comprehensive catalog of the dippers—young stellar objects that exhibit episodic dimming—derived from one year’s worth of data of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) full-frame images. In the survey, we found 35 dippers using the convolutional neural network, most of them newly discovered. Although these dippers are widely distributed over the first half-hemisphere that TESS surveyed, we identified the majority’s membership with the nearest association Scorpius–Centaurus, Velorum OB2, and the nearby Orion molecular cloud complex. However, several dippers are likely to be located in the field. We also found three old dippers whose age exceeds 10 million years, which is considered to be the disk dissipation time. The color–color diagram indicates that these old dippers are likely to have an extreme debris disk. In particular, we found a runaway old dipper having a large three-dimensional velocity of 72 km s−1. The dippers in the field, which were probably escaping from their birth molecular clouds or were born outside the current area of star-forming regions, are more common than previously considered.
Antiretroviral therapy among patients with HIV in Almaty, Kazakhstan: the implication for HIV-associated tuberculosis control
Authors: Denebayeva Alfiya , Abrahamyan Arpine , Sargsyan Aelita , Kentenyants Karine , Zhandybayeva Ainur , Nugmanova Zhamilya , Nurkerimova Anarkhan , Davtyan Karapet , Tukeyev Marat
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an effective preventive strategy against tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLWH). In Kazakhstan, according to the revised HIV treatment guideline (2017), ART should be initiated immediately after HIV diagnosis established, regardless of CD4+ count.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of early initiation of ART on TB infection in PLWH registered in the Center of Prevention and Control of AIDS, Almaty, Kazakhstan, between 2008 and 2018.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the data of 4,053 patients from electronic HIV case management system (2008-2018) (EHCMS).

Results: The study revealed low rates (12.6%) of rapid ART (≤ 1 month after HIV diagnosis). Patients in the rapid ART initiation group were less likely to develop TB compared with those who started treatment >1 month after the HIV detection (odds ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval [1.1, 2.2]; p = 0.00799). Interestingly, the risk for developing TB among patients receiving ART ≥ 1 month after HIV diagnosis was significantly higher compared with those not taking any treatment. The latter was explained by several confounding not addressed during the analysis, since ART was prescribed to patients with primarily deeper immunodeficiency, while the patients not receiving ART were less immunocompromised.

Conclusion: Despite the recently changed HIV treatment guideline in Kazakhstan, ART is still initiated based on the disease severity. In 2018, the initiation of ART during the first month after HIV diagnosis increased by 50%. However, it is necessary to reduce the time to initiation of ART for all patients.
A theory of generalised solutions for ideal gas mixtures with Maxwell-Stefan diffusion
Authors: Druet Pierre-Etienne
Published: November 2020

After the pioneering work by Giovangigli on mathematics of multicomponent flows, several attempts were made to introduce global weak solutions for the PDEs describing the dynamics of fluid mixtures. While the incompressible case with constant density was enlighted well enough due to results by Chen and Jüngel (isothermal case), or Marion and Temam, some open questions remain for the weak solution theory of gas mixtures with their corresponding equations of mixed parabolic–hyperbolic type. For instance, Mucha, Pokorny and Zatorska showed the possibility to stabilise the hyperbolic component by means of the Bresch-Desjardins technique and a regularisation of pressure preventing vacuum. The result by Dreyer, Druet, Gajewski and Guhlke avoids ex machina stabilisations, but the mathematical assumption that the Onsager matrix is uniformly positive on certain subspaces leads, in the dilute limit, to infinite diffusion velocities which are not compatible with the Maxwell-Stefan form of diffusion fluxes. In this paper, we prove the existence of global weak solutions for isothermal and ideal compressible mixtures with natural diffusion. The main new tool is an asymptotic condition imposed at low pressure on the binary Maxwell-Stefan diffusivities, which compensates possibly extreme behaviour of weak solutions in the rarefied regime.
An experimentally-fitted thermodynamical constitutive model for polycrystalline shape memory alloys
Authors: Benešová Barbora , Frost Miroslav , Kadeřávek Lukáš , Roubíček Tomáš , Sedlák Petr
Published: November 2020

A phenomenological model for polycrystalline NiTi shape-memory alloys with a refined dissipation function is here enhanced by a thermomechanical coupling and rigorously analyzed as far as existence of weak solutions and numerical stability and convergence of the numerical approximation performed by a staggered time discretization. Moreover, the model is verified on one-dimensional computational simulations compared with real laboratory experiments on a NiTi wire.
Antonio Trejo y la capilla de la Inmaculada Concepción de la Catedral de Murcia (1623-1627). Arte, devoción y memoria
Authors: González Tornel Pablo
Published: November 2020

Murcia (1623-1627). A partir de la documentación de archivo, se desgranan los diferentes componentes de la reforma del trascoro catedralicio patrocinada por el obispo Antonio Trejo (1575-1635), arquitectura, escultura y reliquias, y se relacionan con su embajada en Roma por mandato de Felipe III. En último lugar, se interpreta el significado de la construcción como memorial del obispo Trejo.
Los artistas cortesanos en la concepción del nuevo trono de la Virgen del Sagrario de Toledo: revisando tópicos
Authors: Illescas Díaz Laura
Published: November 2020

El trono de la Virgen del Sagrario se alza como un testimonio único de la platería barroca en nuestra geografía. Por decisión del prelado, Baltasar de Moscoso y Sandoval, en su concepción y posterior hechura participaron artistas del prestigio de Alonso Cano, Pedro de la Torre, Francisco Bautista, Sebastián de Herrera Barnuevo y Virgilio Fanelli, habiendo sido objeto de estudio en numerosas publicaciones. No obstante, el hallazgo de documentación inédita en el Archivo Capitular de Toledo nos ha brindado la oportunidad de subsanar ciertos errores que se cernían sobre la secuencia de hechos acaecidos, así como de matizar con mayor rigor en qué consistió la intervención de cada uno de los citados maestros y la fase en que esta se produjo.
Avances en el diseño y cálculo de columnas de grava. Parte I: Ejemplo de cálculo
Authors: Castro Jorge
Published: November 2020

Este artículo recoge algunos aspectos teóricos recientes relativos a columnas de grava que pueden resultar útiles para su diseño y cálculo. En esta primera parte, se presenta un ejemplo de cálculo de reducción de asientos y aceleración de tiempos de consolidación utilizando diferentes métodos. De forma general, los métodos de cálculo utilizados han proporcionado resultados adecuados si se tienen en cuenta las limitaciones y posibilidades de cada una de ellos. Los métodos semi-empíricos son sencillos porque proporcionan la reducción de asiento en función principalmente del factor de sustitución. Los métodos analíticos desarrollados recientemente basados en la celda unidad permiten considerar la influencia de otros parámetros, pero normalmente la información disponible respecto a su valor es limitada. Finalmente, los cálculos por elementos finitos proporcionan una gran flexibilidad en el análisis, pero es necesaria una adecuada comprensión de las hipótesis, modelos constitutivos y parámetros empleados.
Apprendre à écrire en anglais scientifique dans le secteur Lansad en master : quelles aides pour l’autonomisation des étudiants?
Authors: Bailly Sophie , Lemoine-Bresson Véronique
Published: November 2020

Etant donnée la diversité croissante des publics de l’université et leurs hétérogénéités linguistiques et langagières, le cours d’anglais scientifique du master didactique des langues/fle de l’Université de Lorraine (UL) se présente depuis 2014 sous la forme d’un dispositif d’apprentissage autodirigé avec soutien. Les étudiants peuvent aller à leur rythme et bénéficier d’un accompagnement personnalisé. Pour valider ce cours, les étudiants doivent rédiger un texte scientifique long en anglais dans leur discipline, de manière autorégulée et à l’aide d’une variété de ressources mises à leur disposition en appui sur la plateforme de cours de l’UL. Ces ressources sont censées d’une part aider la construction autonome de connaissances et de compétences qui s’articulent dans l’acte d’écriture scientifique en anglais, et d’autre part, soutenir le processus d’auto-régulation et d’autonomisation dans ses dimensions cognitives et affectives. Pour cette recherche, nous analysons le design du système d’aide proposé, ainsi que ses effets à partir de questionnaires d’évaluation du cours proposés en fin de semestre. Les résultats indiquent que les étudiants ont trouvé ce cours difficile mais que les aides à l’implication et l’accrochage à la tâche demandée, ingrédients importants de l’autorégulation, ont été efficientes. Parmi les modalités d’aide proposées, les préférées sont celles qui impliquent une interaction directe entre l’enseignante et les étudiants à l’oral et à l’écrit, comme l’entretien de conseil et le journal de bord.
Le carnet réflexif partagé : un espace d’écriture heuristique
Authors: Lebrun Marlène
Published: November 2020

La contribution analyse l’intérêt d’un outil de réflexivité pour l’enseignement tertiaire et la formation à l’enseignement : il s’agit de présenter ses tenants et aboutissants tout en donnant la parole à ses utilisateurs, des étudiants en formation à l’enseignement primaire ou secondaire, car ce sont elles et eux, in fine, qui sont le plus à même de donner à penser sur ce qui est en jeu dans l’écriture d’un carnet réflexif partagé (désormais CRP). L’analyse de leurs commentaires critiques permet d’appréhender l’adéquation ou la distorsion entre ce qui est souhaité et ce qui est vécu par ce corps estudiantin à travers un mode d’écriture heuristique et partagée. L’outil favorise à la fois une posture d’empathie et une posture de distanciation qui donne du sens à la réflexivité et à l’écriture.
Accompagnement dans l’apprentissage de l’argumentation par une équipe pluridisciplinaire : quels effets sur les acteurs?
Authors: Paindorge Martine , Lang Virginie , Libante Virginie , Reboul Pascal , Aigle Bertrand
Published: November 2020

Dans le cadre du Cursus Master Ingénieur (CMI) de Biologie Santé Environnement (BSE) développé à l’Université de Lorraine en France, une équipe pluridisciplinaire propose aux étudiants de première année de cette formation une Activité de Mise en Situation (AMS). Par groupe de trois ou quatre, ils/elles doivent effectuer une recherche de documentation scientifique sur un sujet de société lié aux sciences pour ensuite élaborer un argumentaire pro- et anti- qui sera présenté oralement. L’équipe pédagogique accompagne les étudiants tout au long du processus, dans l’objectif de favoriser l’intégration et la réussite des nouveaux étudiants. Il s’agit aussi de renforcer des compétences construites au lycée, notamment des compétences informationnelles afin de faciliter l’appropriation de la littéracie universitaire. L’article examine la question des effets de ce dispositif d’accompagnement sur les étudiants et les accompagnants. L’analyse des résultats des étudiants, de leurs réponses à une enquête d’auto-évaluation, de celles des tuteurs lors d’entretiens semi-directifs indique que cette AMS contribue à l’acquisition de compétences et au développement de l’autonomie des étudiants. Les enseignants témoignent d’un changement de posture dans leur rôle d’accompagnant, changement qui transforme aussi leurs pratiques professionnelles dans d’autres cours.
Accompagner à la littéracie universitaire par le dialogue
Authors: Polo Claire
Published: November 2020

Le dispositif Créer Lire Ecrire et Faire de la Science pour l’Université, expérimenté depuis novembre 2018, à Lyon 2, accompagne des étudiants et étudiantes de première année de licence1, pour prévenir leur décrochage. D’importants moyens permettent des conditions d’enseignement rares à l’université : 12 personnes maximum par groupe de travaux dirigés, tutorat, triplement du volume horaire dédié aux méthodologie et littéracie universitaires et au développement de l’esprit critique et scientifique. A travers un travail collaboratif en mode projet portant sur une thématique interdisciplinaire, ces compétences sont rendues nécessaires à l’objectif final d’organisation d’un évènement public. Ce contexte est propice à un accompagnement à la littéracie universitaire qui rende les élèves acteurs de leurs apprentissages, en insistant sur le sens du recours à l’écrit. Ce sens réside principalement dans la nécessité de dialoguer pour apprendre et raisonner; dialogue avec les pairs, avec un objet d’étude, avec la littérature, avec le public à qui on destine son travail.
Kruk, Kuruk, Kuruca: genocídio e tráfico de crianças no Brasil imperial
Authors: Losada Moreira Vânia Maria
Published: November 2020

Durante o século XIX, o comércio de kurucas (crianças) afetou profundamente os povos jê que habitavam vastas regiões nas províncias de Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo e Bahia, especialmente os botocudos (borum). Neste artigo, o tráfico infantil e o conceito de genocídio são postos vis-à-vis na análise das fontes, segundo a tese de que o tráfico não era um problema isolado e pontual, pois que estava imbricado nas políticas de colonização, de criação e gestão de mão de obra e de consolidação da soberania do Estado imperial sobre o território.
Mobile Technology Support for the Assessment and Management of COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Uwaoma Chinazunwa , Aladi Clement C.
Published: November 2020

The early months in 2020 saw a rapid increase in the adoption of mHealth and telehealth across the globe. The obvious reason being the sudden outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), which sent the entire world scrambling for solutions to contain and mitigate the spread. Ordinarily, telehealth and mHealth are considered optional in most traditional healthcare systems even in developed countries, but today, these technologies have become the most sought-after tools required to augment the overwhelmed healthcare systems orchestrated by COVID-19. Mobile technology in particular has continued to play important roles in the monitoring, surveillance, and the assessment of the outbreak in so many ways. This chapter offers a window into different ways mHealth and telemedicine are used to provide healthcare services and disease management, as well as the challenges in the implementation of these technologies as the world braces for the devastating effects of COVID-19.
Comorbidities and Diabetes Type 2
Authors: Ossai Chinedu I. , Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Goldberg Steven
Published: November 2020

The prevalence of diabetes type 2 among the population and the increasing rate of new diagnoses as well as other co-morbidities make it imperative that we develop a richer understanding of type 2 diabetes. An Australian survey of diabetes type 2 people for different co-morbidities was carried out to obtain information about the possible connections of the co-morbidities with type 2 diabetes. The analysis is done with the logit model and Pearson's chi-square and the results indicate that gender, age of the patients, and the duration of the diabetes type 2 diagnosis play a significant role in the exposure of individuals to different comorbidities. The influence of the duration of diagnosis and age of the patients is limited in comparison to the gender, which has females at a very high risk of developing the studied co-morbidities compared to males. The findings can improve diabetes type 2 management to boost high quality, proactive, and cost-effective caregiving for the patients.
Depression Reduction for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes via E-Health Interventions
Authors: Wong Cynthia
Published: November 2020

Diabetes is one of the most significant global health emergencies affecting populations in the 21st century, where one out of 15 adults has type II diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance contributes to more than half of all causes of diabetes. Further, depression has adverse economic and health outcomes. The condition also contributes to poor outcomes in screening efforts among type II diabetes patients. E-health intervention is one of the means for reducing depression. There is, therefore, a need to investigate whether the strategy effectively reduces depression among patients with type II diabetes. The research examined the e-health interventions, which include personal health records (PHRs), diabetes mobile apps, patient portals, information repositories, telehealth, and electronic health records (EHRs). The research findings indicated that e-health would significantly help in reducing depression among people with type II diabetes.
Lifetime Enhancement and Reliability in Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Vasanthamani Saranya , Shankar S.
Published: November 2020

The wireless body area network (WBAN) consists of wearable or implantable sensor nodes, which is a technology that enables pervasive observing and delivery of health-related information and services. The network capability of body devices and integration with wireless infrastructure can result in pervasive environment deliver the information about the patients to health care service providers. WBAN has a major part in e-health observing system. Due to sensitivity and critical of the data carried and handled by WBAN, reliability becomes a critical issues. WBAN loads a high degree of reliability as it openly affects the quality of patient observing. A main requirement is that the health care professionals receive the monitored data correctly. Thus reliability can be measured to achieve reliable network are fault tolerance, QoS, and security. As WBAN is a special type of WSN. The objective is to achieve a reliable network with minimum delay and maximum throughput while considering power consumption by reducing unnecessary communication.
Location Information Services of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)
Authors: Suomi Reima , Lindfors Eila , Somerkoski Brita Marianne
Published: November 2020

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading death cause in the world. Cardiac arrest is one of the most usual, and very quickly fatal, especially in out-of-hospital environments. Defibrillation, aside with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is an effective means to restart blood circulation and heart operation, even though even these forms of treatment can help just in sadly few situations. Defibrillation was invented and first demonstrated already year 1899, but first in the 2000s portable defibrillators with good automatic functions started to penetrate daily environments of people, especially in urban settings. Nowadays the starting point is that every citizen with normal human functionality should be able to use automated defibrillators. The chapter discusses how modern information and communication technology, especially mobiles services, internet, and location services based on them, could help citizens in the first crucial step in implementing their safety competence in emergency situations by using automatic defibrillators if they could only find them.
M-Health and Care Coordination
Authors: Gibbings Rima , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: November 2020

Care delivery services have been traditionally dependent on direct encounters between providers and patients. With the increase in the number of aging population and the added demand for most expensive and advanced care delivery services, healthcare organizations are investing in care services that are more effective and less costly. Use of technology in healthcare systems has been a significant driver for care improvement initiatives used for controlling cost and extending care delivery services that enhance healthcare accessibility. Implementing technology in healthcare demands proper alignment between newly developed tools and care delivery system needs. In this chapter, the authors discuss the role of technology in healthcare and the value of mHealth in diverse clinical settings.
Mobile Applications for Behavioral Change
Authors: Ofori Martinson Q. , El-Gayar Omar F.
Published: November 2020

Access to the internet and the proliferation of mobile phones has resulted in a rising trend of mobile apps developed for disease self-management. This use of mobile health technology (mHealth) is viewed as an effective way to induce health behavior change. The authors conducted an evidence review of articles published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and ACM Digital Library between January 2015 and January 2020 that developed and evaluated mHealth apps informed by behavior change theory. A total of 31 studies reviewed developed apps to encourage physical activity, dietary changes, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and others. The prevalent way of applying behavior theory to apps was through behavior change techniques (BCT) applied in 45% of the selected studies. Over 54% of the selected studies reported positive outcomes in inducing health behavior change. The results indicate that the use of behavior change theory to inform application design will result in statistically significant effects in improving health outcomes of a condition.
Non-Invasive Active Acousto-Thermometer
Authors: Sytnik Oleg Victorovich
Published: November 2020

The problem of detecting and identifying the heat transfer processes in living tissues using a noninvasive ultrasound technique is discussed. An optimal method, which is optimal in terms of maximum of likelihood, is proposed to detect the temperature variations within internal layers of the living tissue. The properties of signals returned from different tissues are examined. The ultrasound velocity for different temperatures and the salt composition of a specimen under study is estimated. Results of the algorithm simulation are given.
Using Health 4.0 to Enable Post-Operative Wellness Monitoring
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Geholt Vijay , Sloane Elliot , Smart Philip James , Schaffer Jonathan L.
Published: November 2020

Healthcare delivery is facing multiple orthogonal challenges around escalating costs and providing quality care, especially in OECD countries. This research examines the opportunity to leverage Health 4.0 technology and techniques to address the post-operative discharge phase of the patient journey. In so doing it serves to proffer a technology enabled model that supports not only a quality care experience post discharge but also prudent management to minimize costly unplanned readmissions and thereby subscribe to a value-based care paradigm. The chosen context is stoma patients but the solution can be easily generalized to other contexts. Next steps include the conducting of clinical trials to establish proof of concept, validity, and usability.
Healthcare-Internet of Things and Its Components
Authors: Tyagi Aman
Published: November 2020

Elderly population in the Asian countries is increasing at a very fast rate. Lack of healthcare resources and infrastructure in many countries makes the task of provding proper healthcare difficult. Internet of things (IoT) in healthcare can address the problem effectively. Patient care is possible at home using IoT devices. IoT devices are used to collect different types of data. Various algorithms may be used to analyse data. IoT devices are connected to the internet and all the data of the patients with various health reports are available online and hence security issues arise. IoT sensors, IoT communication technologies, IoT gadgets, components of IoT, IoT layers, cloud and fog computing, benefits of IoT, IoT-based algorithms, IoT security issues, and IoT challenges are discussed in the chapter. Nowadays global epidemic COVID19 has demolished the economy and health services of all the countries worldwide. Usefulness of IoT in COVID19-related issues is explained here.
Social Skepticism and Its Effect on Shared Economy
Authors: Adepoju Oluwaseun David David , Oluwasina Demilade , Mughe Awah Nji Mbitaownu
Published: November 2020

The new disruptive models of businesses are now making strangers meet strangers for economic and service benefits. This new shared economy system begs for a very pertinent question. Has human trust increased to that point where we can completely trust strangers? This chapter answered the above question within the African context while considering some case studies of failed start-ups that launched on shared economy models. This chapter also made some comparative analysis of some homegrown platforms that did not survive the valley of death in the Nigerian Innovation Ecosystem and successful similar foreign models imported into Africa. A definite opinion analysis through social scepticism lens was used in writing on gomyway.com, a Nigerian car-pooling start-up that failed after two years of operation. The chapter ended by making a strong case for models that dwarfs social scepticism to ensure the survival of the valley of death for platform entrepreneurship in Africa.
International Student Mobility in ASEAN
Authors: Atherton Graeme , Crosling Glenda , Shuib Munir , Azizan Siti Norbaya
Published: November 2020

This chapter will examine the present context where international student mobility in the ASEAN region is concerned. It will look at how national policy, regional policy, and specific mobility initiatives are functioning to support the creation of an ‘ASEAN Student Mobility' regional hub. In particular, the chapter will explore how these efforts relate to existing theoretical models that that exist to explain student mobility and whether they are framed in terms of this theoretical thinking. The chapter will conclude by arguing that while there is the potential for increases in intra-ASEAN student mobility which can enhance the economic and cultural life of the region, a more coherent and coordinated approach is required by the key political stakeholders who lead in the area. It draws upon two recent major research studies undertaken by the team examining student mobility in the ASEAN region.
Higher Education in Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines
Authors: Dela Santa Edieser D. , Guerrero Raymund Gerard I.
Published: November 2020

This chapter asks the question: How do broader sociological forces affect the production of tourism knowledge? This is a problem posed by Tribe and Liburd in 2016 when they proposed a reconceptualization of the structure, systems, processes, and outcomes that define the field of tourism. Using the Enhanced Basic Education Act or Republic Act No. 10533 as the starting point, the chapter contributes to the discussion by looking at the formulation of curricula in tourism and hospitality in the Philippines, and examining the structure that has evolved from the interaction of forces, stakeholders, and processes. FGDs were conducted to gain insights into the issue. Findings show that wider socioeconomic forces, mediated by a range of stakeholders, dictate the content and direction of tourism and hospitality higher education. The findings demonstrate the permeability of the higher education sector to external actors, processes, and institutional arrangements, as stakeholders view tourism and hospitality education from the lens of neoliberalism. The chapter concludes by suggesting theoretical implications.
Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction Among Lecturers of Private Higher Education Institutes in Vietnam
Authors: Dieu Huynh Thi My , Al Mamun Abdullah , Nawi Noorshella Che , Muniady Rajennd
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the job satisfaction of lecturers from the private universities in Vietnam. This study used a 28-items questionnaire that has six categories: Nature of Work; Relationship with Colleagues; Salary and Benefits; Promotion, Opportunity, and Recognition; Working Condition; Policy and Management. The quantitative data were collected through interviews from 225 lecturers of the private universities. This study implemented variance-based structural equation modelling, namely PLS-SEM for data analysis. The findings show that most of the lecturers are satisfied with their work. Moreover, there is no difference in satisfaction with the demographic issue. This study will contribute to the scale factors system that affects job satisfaction in general and job satisfaction of lecturers in particular. The results will be a valuable source for future-related research on measuring job satisfaction of lecturers.
Deep Learning Approaches to Overcome Challenges in Forensics
Authors: M. Kiruthigha , S. Senthil Velan
Published: November 2020

Cyber forensics deals with collecting, extracting, analysing, and finally reporting the evidence of a crime. Typically investigating a crime takes time. Involving deep learning methods in cyber forensics can speed up the investigation procedure. Deep learning incorporates areas like image classification, morphing, and behaviour analysis. Forensics happens where data is. People share their activities, pictures, videos, and locations visited on the readily available platform, social media. An abundance of information available on social networking platforms renders them a favourite of cybercriminals. Compromising a profile, a hacker can gain access, modify, and use its data for various activities. Unscrupulous activities on such platforms include stalking, bullying, defamation, circulation of illegal or pornographic material, etc. Social network forensics is more than the application of computer investigation and analysis techniques, such as collecting information from online sources. CNNs and autoencoders can learn and obtain features from an image.
Use-Case of Blockchain in Cybercrime and Cyberattack
Authors: Veeramani Karthika , Jaganathan Suresh
Published: November 2020

Cybercrime involves unlawful activities done by the individual in cyberspace using the internet. It is cyberbullying, financial theft, code-hack, cryptojacking, hacking, etc. The main difference between cybercrime and cyberattack is that cybercrime victims are humans. The crime associated with the latter is that of a computer network, hardware or software. Cyberattack activities include ransomware, viruses, worms, SQL injection, DDoS attacks, and government and corporate are potential targets. Cyber security provides a specialised approach to the protection of computer systems from cybercrimes and cyberattacks. As of now, no cyber defence is 100% safe. What is considered safe today may not be secure tomorrow. Blockchain enables a new way of recording transactions or any other digital interaction within the network with security, transparency, integrity, confidentiality, availability, and traceability. This chapter explains in detail about cyber risks and how blockchain can be used to avoid risks in financial and insurance frauds.
Which Key Factors Will Be Effective in the Success of Festivals?
Authors: Dalgic Ali , Birdir Kemal
Published: November 2020

Festivals have become one of the most popular types of events. Many factors need to be brought together for the festivals so that people can get rid of the stress of daily life and have different, life-enriching experiences. These factors, which are brought together in the planning and organization stages of the festivals can be considered as key success factors. Although the research shows different results regarding the festival success factors, the most important factors are cited as the festival program, the festival area, accessibility, information, employees and volunteers, souvenirs, convenience, food, and security. In addition to these factors, the festivals organized in recent years have benefited from many technological applications which have increased the participants' experiences. Robots, internet of things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), and self-service technology applications may be among the key factors that will play a role in the success of future festivals.
New Trends in Event Marketing
Authors: Ekici Remziye , Toksoz Derya
Published: November 2020

Event marketing has become an increasingly important role as a marketing tool for marketers. Nowadays, the ability of event marketing to provide deeper consumer participation with new, creative, unique, tailored, interactive, and compelling events attracts great interest among marketers. The enormous impact of digital development on our daily lives is now more important than ever. Digital technology, from a facial recognition app for easy recording to creating an event app or using virtual reality for realistic demonstrations, can help deliver a superior experience to participants. As key technological practices matured, a number of important trends and developments in event marketing emerged. The event industry enriches the experiences of the participants by using technological applications and creates new applications. All these activities that are vital to a successful event are an important part of the marketing function because event marketing strategy and planning is a whole with general event planning.
Trust and Self-Efficacy as Enablers and Products of Co-Production in Health and Welfare Services
Authors: Areskoug Josefsson Kristina , Nordin Annika , Kjellström Sofia
Published: November 2020

Health and welfare services are facing major challenges, including impaired efficiency in meeting the complex needs of users. To face these challenges, there is a need to develop new ways of working, such as co-production. It is a challenge to enable and enhance inclusive co-productive processes, but trust and self-efficacy are key concepts for success. Trust and self-efficacy can be considered as both enablers and products of co-production and are thus important to acknowledge together with contextual factors and to act upon at all organizational levels, starting with individual patients and users.
Co-Production of Leadership Activities
Authors: Karp Tom
Published: November 2020

In many public sector organizations, leadership is co-produced by the leader and subordinates and other stakeholders involved in human interactions. Co-production happens on the micro-interaction level between organizational members in organizations. It is the interactions between people that over time generate patterns of leadership activities. Accordingly, we must distinguish leadership activities from the individual leader. Different stakeholders create framework conditions for leadership, influenced by the dynamics of power and contextual boundaries, and as such, they co-produce leadership. Co-production of leadership is an important perspective infrequently explored in the co-production literature. For researchers, this means shifting attention away from the individual leader towards processes of co-production. A co-production perspective provides leaders themselves with a deeper understanding of what it means to lead and also gives them an opportunity to reflect on what constitutes leadership activities.
Exploring Collective Leadership and Co-Production
Authors: Docherty Kristy
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores coproduction through a collective leadership lens. It draws from the public administration and leadership fields and a 2019 empirical study of public service collaboration in Scotland, UK. It is suggested that tensions generated by working within a new public management model combined with frustrations felt from current collaborative practice have motivated an exploration into alternative conceptions of leadership and different ways of working when collaborating. The findings reveal that collaboration can be strengthened through the application of four key processual and attitudinal modifications. This approach is described as working in an emergent and relational way while applying a systems and inquiry mindset. It is the effect of the sum of these parts that boosts the intensity of collaborative work, offering a number of benefits, including an enriched and dynamic coproduction process embedded within its practice.
Knowledge Building and Learning in the Public Sector Through Co-Creation and ‘Withness-Thinking'
Authors: Frimann Søren , Hersted Lone
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the potentials and possibilities of adopting a process perspective in action research for knowledge production, development, and change in the public sector. Often, we see that models from engineering and the business world are taken into use with the goal of implementing organizational change, often without involving organizational members and stakeholders in any kind of dialogic process. The authors wish to challenge these linear assumptions and practices and line out some perspectives for researchers within the field of organizational studies. The chapter builds on the following questions: What would happen if we put co-creation and process in the forefront of our inquiries? How can we, to a higher extent, incorporate co-creation and process-thinking in our research practices? And finally, how can we work from a “withness-thinking” approach, rather than the approach of “aboutness-thinking”? The chapter unfolds these ideas in relation to a specific action research project.
Co-Production as a Research Method
Authors: Wegener Charlotte
Published: November 2020

The co-production turn has affected academic work, encouraging researchers not only to study co-production in public organizations but also to pursue collaborative research practices with practitioners. The purpose of this chapter is to present a reflexive account of co-production as a research practice. The point of departure is a one-day collaborative writing workshop that embraced several aspects of ‘co-'. The workshop brought together two research projects, one on social innovation in elderly care and one on collaborative writing. Having been involved in both projects, the author reflects on issues of the writing project that caused great debate during the workshop and highlight dimensions of power, quality, and impact that arise in co-produced research. The chapter shows that the co-production turn calls into question traditional power hierarchies between theory-practice, analysis-experience, and researcher-researched. While co-production seeks to even out power hierarchies, it also generates new problems, new tensions, and new questions.