bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KH. ABD. RAHMAN PAKKANNA: Ulama Pemikir Praktis dan Pekerja Profesional
Authors: Asad Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap berbagai hal berkaitan dengan kehidupan KH. Abd. Rahman Pakkanna, seorang ulama yang besar jasanya dalam pembinaan masyarakat di Kabupaten Soppeng, terutama masyarakat Ganra. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskreptif kualitatif degan pendekatan sejarah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan adalah wawancara, studi dokumen dan pustaka serta observasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap kehidupan dan aktivitas KH. Abd. Rahman Pakkanna sebagai sorang ulama pemikir praktis dan pekerja profesional. Ia seorang anak petani desa dari Soppeng yang berhasil membina pendidikan anak-anaknya sehingga menjadi sarjana, bahkan dua orang S3. Jenjang pendidikan yang diikutinya ialah pesatren dan madrasah pada berbagai tempat yang mengantarnya menjadi ulama. Kegiatannya sebagai guru agama dimulainya sejak menjadi santri pada MAI Sengkang dan berlangsung sampai tua. Statusnya sebagai PNS hanya sebagai penunjang aktivitasnya di bidang pendidikan. Selain sebagai guru ia juga sebagai tukang jahit yang terampil dan sebagai petani profesional. Jasanya sangat besar dalam pembinaan dan pendidikan masyarakat Ganra melalui Perguruan Islam Ganra dan masjid Ganra, sebagai tulang punggung pembangunan pisiknya dan sebagai pengajar pada keduanya. Berbagai sifat terpuji menjadi bahagian hidupnya, antara lain: sangat hormat kepada gurunya, toleran dalam masalah khilafiyah, pekerja keras dan profesional, percaya diri dan berusaha tidak bergantung pada orang lain. Ia termasuk ulama Fiqhi yang dalam pengetahuan agamanya, menjadi rujukan masyarakatnya, bukan hanya dalam masalah keagamaan, sebagai tempat bertanya dan panutan, tetapi juga dalam masalah sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Keikhlasannya diakui oleh masyarakat sehingga sangat percaya padanya. Modal sosial berupa keikhlasan, amanah, dan keterampilan yang dimilikinya sangat membantu pembangunan pisik, baik pada Perguruan Islam Ganra maupun pada Masjid Taqwa Ganra yang dipercayakan padanya dalam waktu yang lama. 
HUBUNGAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT MULTIETNIK DI KABUPATEN LUWU SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Hafid Abd.
Published: August 2018

Masyarakat Sukamaju, Kabupaten Luwu Utara merupakan masyarakat multietnik. Pada umumnya, mereka merupakan transmigrasi dari Jawa, Bali dan lombok. Sebagian juga, mereka berasal dari warga masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan, yaitu Toraja dan Bugis. Dalam hubungan sosial sehari-hari, baik antarsesama etnik maupun antaretnik terjalin hubungan harmonis, rukun dan damai. Perbedaan budaya dan agama bukan menjadi hambatan dan pemisah dalam hubungan sosial, tetapi menjadi daya pemikat untuk saling menghargai dan menghormati. Kondisi seperti itu menciptakan hubungan sosial yang terintegrasi dalam kelompok masyarakat yang heterogen. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian, yang bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan dan menjelaskan tentang hubungan sosial masyarakat multietnik di pemukiman transmigrasi Sukamaju, dalam intraksi yang bersifat assosiatif dan disasosiatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriftif, dengan teknik wawancara, pengamatan dan studi pustaka dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan sosial yang bersifat asosiatif terjalin dengan cara memperkuat solidaritas dan gotong-royong antar etnik. Walaupun ada perbedaan budaya dan agama yang mewarnai kehidupan sosial masyarakat, tetapi, masyarakat mampu menjalin hubungan sosial dengan baik melalui proses kerjasama, akomodasi, asimilasi dan akulturasi. Hubungan sosial yang bersifat disasosiatif dikelolah dengan meminimalisir kemungkinan akan terjadinya konflik dari proses hubungan persaingan dan kontroversi. 
KUALITAS SARANA DAN PRASARANA PADA MADRASAH ALIYAH DI KALIMANTAN TIMU
Authors: Arsyad Abd. Rahman
Published: August 2018

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kalimantan Timur dengan menggunakan metode Deskriptif Eksploratif dengan tujuan mengungkap dan menggambarkan kondisi kualitas sarana dan prasarana Madrasah Aliyah (MAN, MAS (yayasan dan pontren). Hasil penelitian, Kualitas sarana prasarana Madrasah Aliyah Kalimantan Timur secara keseluruhan ketercapaian standar nasional pendidikan (SNP) terkategori Tinggi. Namun sebaliknya, kondisi sarana prasarana MAS (yayasan dan pontren) masih sangat terbatas khususnya pada aspek ketersediaan lahan, bangunan, ruang kelas, laboratorium dan perpustakaan serta penunjang lainnya yang merupakan hal penting dalam kebutuhan proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Pihak pengelola madrasah dalam melangsungkan proses belajar mengajar hanya mengkondisikan fasilitas yang ada.

Ketercapaian kualitas sarana prasarana MAN terbilang mendekati standar nasional pendidikan sedangkan MAS (yayasan dan pontren), masih memerlukan usaha dan perhatian pemerintah, guna memenuhi kebutuhan (fasilitas) agar pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar dapat berjalan secara efektif dan efesien.
Salah satu keberhasilanlembaga pendidikan Islam dalam menyelenggarakan proses pendidikan,apabila ditunjang/didukung olehsarana prasarana dan mampu bersinergiserta membangun komunikasi pada lembaga/pemerintah dan masyarakat
PENGARUH TEKNIK SELF-MANAGEMENT DALAM MENGATASI SISWA YANG MENGALAMI KECANDUAN GAME ONLINE DI SMP NEGERI 17 MAKASSAR
Authors: Nurhidayatullah Nurhidayatullah
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini menelaah Pengaruh Teknik Self-Management dalam mengatasi siswa yang mengalami kecanduan game online di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1. Bagamanakah gambaran pelaksanaan self-management di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar? 2. Bagaimanakah gambaran kecanduan game online siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan teknik self-management di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar? 3. Apakah penerapan teknik self-management dapat mengatasi kecanduan game online siswa di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1. Untuk mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan teknik self-management di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar. 2. Gambaran kecanduan game online siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan teknik self-management di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar. 3. Pengaruh teknik self-management dalam mengatasi kecanduan game online siswa di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian single subject terhadap 3 subjek penelitian siswa di SMP Negeri 17 Makassar pada tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis visual dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1. Pelaksanaan self-management menggunakan 4 tahapan yaitu kontrak, self-monitoring, pemberian tugas, dan modifikasi lingkungan. 2. Hasil trand grafik sebelum intervensi stabil pada kategori tinggi, kemudian pada saat intervensi terjadi penurunan positif, dan setelah treatment diberikan trand grafik SSR tetap menurun lalu stabil mendatar. 3. Terdapat pengaruh teknik self-management dalam mengatasi siswa yang mengalami kecanduan game online.
KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERBASIS MANUSKRIP KEAGAMAAN (Analisis Heremeunetik Subyektif Terhadap Serat Panitiboyo )
Authors: Wibowo AM
Published: August 2018

This research tries to analyze the Serat Panitiboyo in compiling the Islamic education curriculum in school. The Serat Panitiboyo is one of thousands of manuscripts in Indonesia that still exists in an effort to build the character and personality of society in order to have a strong and wise character. The focus of this research is (1) to know the values of religious education that exist in the script of Serat Panitiboyo, (2) to see whether the value of religious education available in Serat Panitiboyo is appropriate in preparing the curiculum of Islamic religious education especially in preparation of Islamic religious studies with the curriculum 2013. Using the subjective Hermineutic analysis, this study had founds two findings; (1) Manuscript of Serat Panitiboyo contains religious education guidance in marriage, ethics, cultivating an honest, simple life, modeling, building relationships with gods and people, building relationships with the natural environment, laws, immoral life restrictions, dependencies etc. (2) the value of religious education in the script of Serat Panitiboyo can be added in the preparation of Islamic Religious Education materials and the curriculum of 2013

Key words: Serat Panitiboyo, Islamic education curriculum, heremeunetic subjective analysis.
Karyotypic variation in the long-whiskered catfish Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) from the lower Tapajós, Amazonas and Trombetas Rivers
Authors: da Fonseca Ivanny Coelho , Maciel Luan Aércio Melo , Ribeiro Frank Raynner Vasconcelos , Rodrigues Luís Reginaldo Ribeiro
Published: August 2018

The genus Pimelodus LaCépède, 1803 comprises 35 formally recognized species distributed along the major neotropical river basins. Despite conservatism in diploid number with 2n=56, an intense variation of chromosomal morphology (karyotypic formula) has been documented in Pimelodus species. In the present study, we analyzed karyotypes of 20 specimens, identified as Pimelodusblochii Valenciennes, 1840 and collected from the lower courses of the Tapajós, Amazonas and Trombetas Rivers. The karyotypes were characterized by Giemsa conventional staining, C-banding, silver staining (Ag-NOR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 18S rDNA probes. The karyotypes showed 2n=56 chromosomes in fish from the Tapajós River. In contrast, fish from the Amazonas and Trombetas Rivers had 2n=58. The nucleolus organizing regions were labeled on the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome as demonstrated by silver staining and FISH. Signals for 18S and 5S rDNA were co-localized on one chromosome pair. Our results demonstrate karyotypic divergence between Tapajós and Amazonas-Trombetas populations of P.blochii, interpreted as supporting the existence of a species complex in this taxon.
Application of Singular Integral Equation to a Crack Moving near a Hole in a Two-Dimensional Infinite Plate
Authors: Arai Masayuki , Yoshida Kazuki
Published: August 2018

In this study, crack path simulation was conducted based on a singular integral equation formulated by a continuous distributed dislocation technique. The problem investigated in this study was to predict the propagation path of a crack moving in an infinite elastic plate with a circular hole, under uniform tensile loading. In order to perform this prediction, a probing method was developed to search for a crack moving direction where the mode II stress intensity factor would be almost zero, enabling the crack to automatically extend in that direction. Some cases for different locations of an initial straight crack were simulated using the program developed.
Interrelationship between Creep Deformation and Damage for Advanced Creep-Resistant Steels
Authors: Sklenička Václav , Kuchařová Květa , Kvapilová Marie , Kloc Luboš , Dvořák Jiří , Král Petr
Published: August 2018

The components used in power plants generally operate at elevated and/or high temperature and are subjected to internal pressure. Under such conditions creep is of a great concern and there is an urgent demand for methods which can be used to predict the creep life. In this work, using our earlier published creep data for advanced creep-resistant T23 and P92 steels, the interrelationship between creep deformation and damage have been analysed by linking them to the identified acting mechanisms, in terms of empirical formulas for the fracture time assessment. The validity and the applicability of various formulas are examined with the objective to gain insight into the creep deformation and fracture behaviour of the steels under investigation.
Mixed-Mode Stress Intensity Factors in a Homogeneous Orthotropic Medium Loaded by a Frictional Sliding Rigid Flat Stamp
Authors: Yilmaz K.B. , Güler Mehmet Ali , Yildirim Boray
Published: August 2018

In this study, the crack problem for a homogeneous orthotropic medium loaded by a sliding rigid flat punch is considered. The homogeneous orthotropic medium is assumed to be a half-plane and is subjected to both normal and tangential forces through the sliding action of the punch. The crack on the homogeneous orthotropic medium is supposed to a depth of and is parallel to the direction of the normal force. The effect of the geometrical parameters and coefficient of friction on the mixed-mode stress intensity factors (mode I and mode II) is investigated using a computational approach using the finite element method. Augmented Lagrange method is used for the contact algorithm between the rigid flat punch and homogeneous orthotropic half-plane. This study may provide insight to the engineers in understanding the crack mechanisms in orthotropic materials in a comprehensive way and to identify early crack propagations under frictional loadings accurately.
A Nonaffine Molecular Chain Network Model for Elastomeric Gel
Authors: Riku Isamu , Ueda Masashi , Sawada Tomoki , Mimura Koji
Published: August 2018

Submerged in a solvent-containing environment and subject to applied forces, a nonaffine molecular chain network absorbs the solvent and deforms, forming an elastomeric gel. The Helmholtz free energy of the gel is separated into the contribution due to stretching the nonaffine molecular chain network and that due to mixing the polymer and the solvent. The effect of the nonaffine movement of the molecular chain on the deformation behavior of the gel is discussed.
Strength Development Characteristic of Cementless Mortar for Repair of Concrete
Authors: Ryu Gum Sung , Koh Kyung Taek , An Gi Hong , Kim Hyeong Yeol , Choi Sung
Published: August 2018

Repair materials for concrete structures are often required to exhibit high bond strength at a concrete substrate, and it typically consists of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) incorporating expensive admixtures at a low water-to-binder ratio. Meanwhile, cementless mortar employs alkali-activation of cementless and pozzolanic precursors such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA). The final product develops strength relatively faster than OPC, and its strength can be flexibly talyored by controlling the type and dosage of the activator. The present study investigates the strength development characteristic of cementles mortar for use in repair of concrete structures. Independent variables include mix proportions and curing conditions, which were chosen to optimize the performance of the cementless mortar.
Study on Nondestructive Inspection Method of Single-Lap Adhesive Joints to Eliminate the Influence of Inspector's Behavioral Characteristics
Authors: Hotta Genj , Ohbuchi Yoshifumi , Sakamoto Hidetoshi
Published: August 2018

In this study, we conducted a tensile shear test according to JIS K 6850 for a simple superposed adhesive joint, and as a result, it was found that the expected adhesive strength can be obtained only when cohesive failure occurs. The surface enlarged length was measured from a micrograph that observes the surface texture of the boundary between the adhesive and the adherents, and it was found that cohesive failure occurred when the length was longer than a certain length. Surface enlarged length is a new way of thinking. It measures the length of the ridgeline of the unevenness in the microscopic photograph of the surface roughness. By doing so, we can quantitatively determine the effective adhesive length. Effective adhesion length is the length of adhesion of the adhesive as viewed microscopically. We can know the adhesive effect by examining the effective adhesive length. Therefore, we found the relationship between the surface enlarged length (= effective adhesion length) of the bonding interface of the simple superposed adhesive joint and the adhesive strength. Then, it was verified whether adhesion strength could be predicted by setting the standard surface enlarged length as a threshold. As a result, we developed a nondestructive inspection method that can estimate the failure mode after the tensile test.
Numerical Modelling of Cylindrical Specimen under Mixed-Mode Loading Conditions
Authors: Slávik O. , Hutař Pavel , Berer Michael , Gosch A. , Arbeiter F. , Pinter Gerald , Náhlík Luboš
Published: August 2018

Mixed mode loaded fatigue specimens are not used very frequently. The main reason is that there are still very few qualitative results, which would help with better understanding of how the mode II and mode III are affecting the overall crack propagation. On the other hand, there is considerable number of parts loaded in mixed mode. Studying fatigue failure of roller bearing elements made of polymer material was a motivation to design a new experimental specimen for study of fatigue behaviour of the material loaded in mixed mode. The contribution presents developed FEM model of such specimen with focus on determination of fracture mechanics parameters of propagating cracks.
Cyclic Loading Behaviour of Double Strap Bonded Joints with CFRP and Aluminium
Authors: Biscaia Hugo , Micaelo Rui , Chastre Carlos , Cardoso João
Published: August 2018

The adhesively bonded joints behaviour under cyclic loading is not yet well understood due to its inherent complexity. Numerical approaches appear, therefore, as the easiest way to simulate such mechanical behaviour. In this work, double strap bonded joints with Carbon Fibres Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) and aluminium are numerically simulated and subjected to a cyclic loading history. In the numerical simulation, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) is used and it is assumed cohesive bi-linear bond-slip models with local damage of the interface. The evaluation of the bonded joints under cyclic loading is made by comparing the results with those simulated with a monotonic loading.
Simulation of Inner Rim Compression Test of Aluminum Alloy Wheels
Authors: Kara Ali , Daysal Orbay
Published: August 2018

Aluminum alloy wheels are the most commonly used wheel type for passenger cars for decades. Generally A356 alloy (including alloying elements of 7% Si and 0.3% Mg) is used and a T6 heat treatment (solutionizing and artificial aging) is applied for the wheels. The most commonly used casting method is the Low Pressure Die Casting method for the wheels. As a cast product, wheels are one of the most important safety parts of a car along with a huge visual impact on the car. Therefore a lot of proofing tests are applied on a wheel in order to ensure its reliability and to guarantee passenger safety. Inner rim compression test of aluminum alloy wheels is one of these important mechanical tests which is a quasi-static deformation test to determine the fracture and failure behavior of the wheel. In this test, wheel is fixed at its offset surface using lug nuts and a crosshead applies the load with an offset from the inner rim position applying the biggest stress to the valve hole section. This study comprises the efforts of simulation of this test. In the study, ABAQUS finite element software is used and results were compared with experimentally obtained results.
Effect of CNT Grafting on Carbon Fibers on Impact Properties of CFRTP Laminate
Authors: Tanaka Kazuto , Uzumasa Ken , Katayama Tsutao
Published: August 2018

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) are expected to be used as a structural material for aircraft and automobiles not only for their mechanical properties such as high specific strength and high specific rigidity but also for their high recyclability and short molding time. Generally, in a composite material having a laminated structure, interlaminar delamination is often caused by an out-of-plane impact, so the interlayer property plays an important role in the mechanical properties. It has been reported that the fiber/matrix interfacial strength increases by grafting carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the carbon fiber surface. In this study, CNT grafted carbon fibers were used for reinforcement of CFRTP laminate for the improvement of impact properties of CFRTP laminates. The impact absorbed energy of the CFRTP laminate using CNT grafted carbon fibers as reinforcing fiber was higher than that using untreated CF.
Optimization of Design Parameters of Fracture Resistant Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester
Authors: Majer Zdeněk , Ševeček Oldřich , Machů Zdeněk , Štegnerová Kateřina , Kotoul Michal
Published: August 2018

This paper is focused on an analysis of a multilayer ceramic-based piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, which could be excited by ambient vibrations or external forces and thus provide a useful source of electricity for modern electronics. The proposed multilayer concept of the energy harvester enables introduction of tensile / compressive residual stresses inside particular layers. These stresses are intended to be used for enhancement of the harvester ́s fracture resistance and simultaneously for the improvement of the energy gain upon its operation. A crack arrest, by means of compressive residual stresses (in the outer “non-piezo” layer), will be utilized to this end. Primarily, the extended classical laminate theory (taking into account the piezoelectric characteristics of selected layers) will be used to define various designs of particular layers with various levels of residual stresses inside them. The weight function method is subsequently employed to select a design, which is most resistant to propagation of preexisting cracks. Selected laminate configurations are verified by means of FE simulations. Such analysis is essential for development of new energy harvesting systems formed of new smart materials and structures, which could be integrated in future development processes.
Bending Properties of CFRTP Laminate Using CNT Grafted Carbon Fiber
Authors: Tanaka Kazuto , Kawabe Munetaka , Katayama Tsutao
Published: August 2018

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics (CFRTP), which have a short production cycle time and high specific strength and stiffness, are focused on in the automobile industry. Generally, the mechanical properties of FRP are affected by the interfacial strength between the reinforcing fiber and matrix, so the control of the interfacial strength between the reinforcing fiber and matrix is important. Compared to CFRP with epoxy resin, the interfacial strength between the reinforcing fiber and matrix of CFRTP is relatively low. Recently, a method to improve the interfacial strength between the reinforcing fiber and matrix by grafting Carbon Nanotube (CNT) on the carbon fiber has been developed. In this study, the bending properties of CFRTP laminates using CNT grafted plain woven carbon fiber fabric were clarified. Bending strength of CFRTP laminates using CNT grafted plain woven carbon fiber fabric were higher than that using as-received plain woven carbon fiber fabric.
How Material Properties Affect the Thermal Distortion of a Mold for Continuous Casting of Steel
Authors: Moro Luciano , Srnec Novak Jelena , Benasciutti Denis , de Bona Francesco
Published: August 2018

Copper molds are adopted in continuous casting to provide an initial solidification of steel. The presence of molten steel induces relevant temperature gradients across mold walls. This, in turn, generates high stress levels, exceeding the yielding limit of the material. Recent works confirm that thermal distortion occurs due to both creep and cyclic plasticity. In this work a numerical investigation is developed, simulating the mold behavior under repeated heating and cooling sequences. The aim of this work is to compare the performances in terms of permanent distortion of different copper alloys usually adopted for such application. It can be observed that both material properties and operating temperature have a significant influence in the permanent distortion evolution.
Prediction of the Critical Energy Release Rate of Nanostructured Solids Using the Laplacian Version of the Strain Gradient Elasticity Theory
Authors: Kotoul Michal , Skalka Petr , Profant Tomáš , Friák Martin , Řehák Petr , Šesták Petr
Published: August 2018

The aim of the paper is quantify the material length scale parameter of the simplified form of the strain gradient elasticity theory (SGET) using first principles density-functional theory (DFT). The single material length scale parameter l is extracted from phonon-dispersions generated by DFT calculations and, for comparison, by adjusting the analytical SGET solution for the displacement field near the screw dislocation with the DFT calculations of this field. The obtained results are further used in the SGET modeling of cracked nanopanel formed by the single tungsten crystal where due to size effects and nonlocal material point interactions the classical fracture mechanics breaks down.
Characterization and Modelling of Multiple Intralaminar Cracking Initiation under Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Loading
Authors: Ben-Kahla H. , Varna Janis
Published: August 2018

The first failure mode in tensile quasi-static and in tension-tension fatigue (cyclic) loading of composite laminates is intralaminar cracking in layers with off-axis fiber orientation. These tunnel-building cracks are result of combined action of in-plane transverse and shear stresses. We assume that due to non-uniform fiber distribution (clustering) which leads to local stress concentrations, different positions in the layer have different resistance to crack initiation (initiation strength). If so, the weakest position in quasi-static loading is also the weakest in fatigue and some of the distribution parameters for fatigue behavior can be obtained in quasi-static tests, thus significantly reducing the number of required fatigue tests. Methodology is suggested and validated for cases when the cracking is initiation governed-initiated crack almost instantly propagates along fibers. Distribution parameters are identified using data in low crack density region where stress perturbations from cracks do not interact. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed for cracking in layers under quasi-static and cyclic loading using novel approach for computationally efficient stress state calculation between existing cracks.
Numerical Analysis of the Pivot Node in Fracture Problems
Authors: Garcia-Manrique J. , Camas Daniel , Lima-Rodriguez A. , González-Herrera Antonio
Published: August 2018

Recent studies have allowed us to identify a narrow region of the thickness of the crack front in fracture problems that presents interesting characteristics for the numerical-experimental correlation. Taking the three-dimensional distribution of the stress intensity factor (K) as a reference, we observe how it remains invariant and independent of the main factors influencing this type of analysis. This article presents a summary of how to identify this point through the numerical simulation of the problem and its relationship with parameters such as thickness, load level or angle of curvature. The simulations are carried out with the ANSYS software in an aluminium CT specimen subjected to a fracture loading process in mode I.
Cold-Drawn Pearlitic Steels as Hierarchically Structured Materials: An Approach to Johann Sebastian Bach
Authors: Toribio Jesús
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes the hierarchical microstructure of cold-drawn pearlitic steels. To this end, environmentally assisted fracture behavior and microstructural integrity in aggressive environments is analyzed in progressively cold-drawn pearlitic steels based on their microstructural evolution during the multi-step cold drawing manufacture process producing a slenderizing and orientation of the pearlitic colonies (first microstructural level), and orientation and densification of the ferrite/cementite lamellae (second microstructural level). Thus the microstructure of the cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires becomes progressively oriented as the cold-drawing degree increases and this microstructural fact affects their macroscopic behavior, inducing anisotropic fracture behavior and crack path deflection in aggressive environments. In addition, the hierarchical microstructure of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires in two microstructural levels (colonies and lamellae) suggests a consideration of them as hierarchically structured materials (HSM). Furthermore, an analogy is established in the paper between the microstructural arrangement in cold-drawn pearlitic steels and the multi-level structure of Johann Sebastian Bach’s music.
Meshfree Continuum Damage Model for Twill Composites
Authors: Li L. , Wen Pi Hua , Aliabadi M.H.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents continuum damage mechanics analysis of twill woven composites. Element Free Galerkin formulation is utilized and enriched with mathematical representation of twill composite in a way that includes details of the wrap/weft/matrix without the requirement of a detailed mesh of individual components. Continuum damage mechanics formulation is developed within the meshfree context and applied to the twill composite.
Investigation of the Biaxial Behaviour of 316 Stainless Steel Based on Critical Plane Method
Authors: Cruces A.S. , Lopez-Crespo Pablo , Moreno Belen , Bressan S. , Itoh Takamoto
Published: August 2018

In this work the biaxial behavior of 316 stainless steel is studied under the lens of critical plane approach. A series of ten experiments were developed on dog bone shape hollow cylindrical specimens made of type 316 stainless steel. Five different loading conditions were assessed, with (i) only axial stress, (ii) only hoop stress, (iii) proportional combination of axial and hoop stresses, (iv) non-proportional combination of axial and hoop stresses with square shape and (v) non-proportional combination of axial and hoop stresses with L-shape. The fatigue analysis is performed following four different critical plane theories, namely Wang-Brown, Fatemi-Socie, Liu I and Liu II. The efficiency of all four theories is studied in terms of the accuracy of their life predictions.
Evaluation of the Apparent Interfacial Shear Strength of Nanocellulose/PVA Composites
Authors: Andersons Janis , Filipova I. , Kirpluks Mikelis , Cabulis Ugis
Published: August 2018

Nanocellulose in the form of whiskers and nanofibers has become a promising reinforcement material for polymer composites due to its high mechanical characteristics and sustainability. For optimization of composite properties, efficient means of characterization of the stress transfer between fibrous nanofiller and the polymer matrix are needed. In the current work, the apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of cellulose nanofiber/PVA is evaluated by a modified Bowyer and Bader method based on an analysis of the stress–strain curve of a composite film in uniaxial tension. The IFSS is found to exceed shear yield strength of the neat polymer, suggesting good adhesion.
Shortening the Long Creep Strength Evaluation Period with the Assistant of Stress Relaxation Behavior
Authors: Cao Tie Shan , Cheng Cong Qian , Zhao Jie
Published: August 2018

P92 heat-resistant steel was used to demonstrate that creep rupture life evaluation period could be shorted by the assistant of the creep data from short-period stress relaxation test without reducing the prediction precision. Research showed that the minimum creep rate and the relaxation creep rate were exchangeable, and the stress exponent and the apparent activation energy analysis of the constant strain creep and the constant stress creep showed a similar deformation mechanism at the condition of T and . The creep rupture life predicted through the combination of these two kinds of creep data was closer to the real creep data than that evaluated by the traditional method based on the time to rupture only, and the precision of the evaluated creep strength increased at last 14.5 %.
An Approach to Predict Creep Strain and Rupture Life of Heat Resistant Steels Based on ZC Parameter
Authors: Zhao Jie , Cao Tie Shan , Liu Xin Yue , Cheng Cong Qian
Published: August 2018

The current paper proposes a so-called Zc method to evaluate creep strain and rupture life of heat resistant steels by considering the scattering distribution of experimental data, where the Zc value indicates the deviation of the fitted σ-P curves at different creep strains to the main curve. It is shown that the value of Zc increased rapidly at first and then became stable with increasing creep strain, meanwhile, the degree of deviation between experiment data and the corresponding fitted curves came to decrease. The current method provides a statistic method for predicting creep stain and rupture life and get good agreement with experiment result.
Elastic Properties and Failure Behavior of Tiled Laminate Composites
Authors: de Corte Wouter , Jansseune Arne , van Paepegem Wim , Peeters Jan
Published: August 2018

This paper focuses on the elastic properties and the failure behavior of tiled laminate composites. Such laminates, in which the plies are not parallel to the outer surfaces are found in InfraCore® based GFRP panels. This technology is developed for the construction of a robust FRP panel that is applicable for highly loaded structures, e.g. for bridges or lock gates. In general, the drawback in traditional FRP sandwich structures has always been debonding of skin and core. Such a debonding problem may occur after impact, followed by fatigue loading. Through the use of the InfraCore® technology, debonding is no longer possible, as multiple overlapping Z-shaped and two-flanged web structures are alternated with polyurethane foam cores acting as non-structural permanent formwork. Consequently, the fibers in the upper and lower skins as well as in the vertical webs run in all directions, especially in the connection between them, rendering a resin-dominated crack propagation impossible. As a result of the integration of core and skin reinforcement, a skin material is created in which the reinforcement is not parallel to the outer surfaces, but at a small angle. Such stacking is called a tiled laminate (TL), as opposed to plane-parallel (PP) and is not fully described by the classic laminate theory. In the paper, finite element analysis is used to assess the effect of the ply angle and the interlaminar properties on the assessment of stiffness and failure behavior of a tiled laminate.
A FEM Simulation of the Mechanical Interaction between Asphalt Mixture and Geogrid at Micro-Scale
Authors: Suraci Federica , Buonsanti Michele , Leonardi Giovanni , Palamara Rocco
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this paper is to describe (at micro-scale) the geogrid-reinforced flexible pavement behaviour under a static loading. The finite element technique is used to analyse the mechanical interaction between granular particles, asphalt binder and geogrid.
The geogrid is the most commonly used geosynthetic product for enhancing the stiffness and stability of traditional flexible pavement and it is beneficial for reducing the rutting damage in pavement. The geosynthetic performance is influenced by geometry, material and its placement inside the pavement layers. Whereas, the asphalt mixture performance is governed by properties of aggregate (shape, size distribution, etc.), properties of asphalt binder (grading, viscosity, asphalt modifiers, etc.) and asphalt-aggregate interactions (adhesion and absorption, etc.).
Through FEM software (ABAQUS) the microstructure is modelled in 3D. This microstructure is made up of three different components: spherical particles (aggregates), asphalt binder and one strip of geogrid.
Comparison of Fracture Tests Numerical Models Created with Real Material Properties
Authors: Klon Jiří , Sobek Jakub
Published: August 2018

This contribution discusses numerical models of three different fracture tests – three-point bending (3PB), modified compact tension (modCT) and wedge-splitting test (WST). The aim is to compare loading diagrams (loading force vs. crack mouth opening displacement) obtained from these numerical models, created with real material properties. These properties were acquired from experimental data measurement. To assemble the numerical models, ATENA Science FEM software was used. In this software, damaging of the structure/specimen occurred by cracks can be modelled, their initiation and progressive propagation can be seen throughout the loading process.
Crack Surface Frictional Contact Modelling in Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Rodríguez-Tembleque Luis , García-Sánchez Felipe , Sáez Andrés
Published: August 2018

Piezoelectric materials exhibit an electromechanical coupling which allows for their use assensors or energy harvesting devices (direct piezoelectric effect) or actuators and shape control de-vices (inverse piezoelectric effect). They are applied in many technological sectors of current interestsuch as the aerospace and automotive industries, and they are generally constructed in block form orin a thin laminated composite. The study of the integrity of such materials in their various forms andsmall sizes is still a challenge nowadays. To gain a better understanding of these systems, this workpresents a crack surface contact formulation which makes it possible to study the integrity of theseadvanced materials under more realistic crack surface multifield operational conditions. The formu-lation uses the BEM for computing the elastic influence coefficients and contact operators over theaugmented Lagrangian to enforce contact constraints on the crack surface, in the presence of electricfields. The capabilities of this methodology are illustrated solving a benchmark problem.
Statistical Inference of the Equivalent Initial Flaw Size Distribution Using the Boundary Element Method under Multiple Sources of Uncertainty
Authors: Morse Llewellyn , Sharif Khodaei Zahra , Aliabadi M.H.
Published: August 2018

In this work, a method for determining the Equivalent Initial Flaw Size (EIFS) distribution using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is proposed. Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is used to infer the EIFS distribution of a cracked stiffened panel under multiple sources of uncertainty, including uncertainty in the loading conditions, fatigue crack growth model parameters, and in the measurement of crack size found from routine inspections. Results suggest that MLE is an effective tool for estimating the parameters of an EIFS distribution when no prior knowledge is available regarding the EIFS distribution or its parameters.
Modelling the Mechanical Response of Adobe Components under Uniaxial Loading
Authors: Piani T. Li , Weerheijm J. , Koene L. , Sluys L.J.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a constitutive relationship to describe the uniaxial response in statics of brick and mortar samples of Adobe, a traditional masonry whose components are made of sundried soil mixture reinforced with fibres. Only recently Adobe has been attracting scientific attention, primarily as a consequence of the dramatic failures these structures have suffered in regions prone to earthquakes. Furthermore, it possesses eco-friendly material properties which are attractive features for western countries forced to reduce the environmental impact of modern building industry. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of Adobe are still largely neglected, especially with regards to the influence of soil mixture components. The study of the structural performance of masonry starts from the assessment of the material performance of its components. Thus, an extensive characterization campaign was performed by Delft University of Technology and the Military Engineering Laboratory of the Netherlands. Three types of bricks and one type of mortar with different mixture components proportions, were subjected to granulometry, moisture content, density tests and uniaxial compressive and three point bending tests. Predictive formulations for compressive and tensile strength and deformation values have been proposed by the authors. These relations include the dependency of mixture components and moisture content. In this paper, constitutive laws are developed for Adobe in pure compression and tension validated by experimental results. In compression, the force-displacement curves were interpolated according to several existing constitutive laws and the model originally developed by Priestley for concrete masonry elements was finally selected as best fitting. Despite the differences in terms of mechanical parameters, the analytical assessment revealed that the experimental force-displacement graphs of all the different types of bricks could be interpolated using the same model with the same calibrating values. Furthermore, the uniaxial response in tension was derived according to an inverse approach. A numerical model recently developed by the authors and calibrated with respect to the compressive and bending tests was used to simulate uniaxial tensile tests. Also in tension, a common trend among types was observed. The results of the constitutive modelling frames components of Adobe within the class of quasi brittle (geo) materials, with particular reference to concrete. This paper presents the experimental results of the tested samples and the related analytical and numerical modelling.
Effect of Water Temperature on Interfacial Shear Strength of Resin Particles Added CFRTP
Authors: Katogi Hideaki , Takemura Kenichi , Mochizuki Mao
Published: August 2018

In this study, interfacial shear strength of resin particles added carbon fiber/maleic acid anhydride grafted polypropylene under water temperature was investigated. Water temperature range was from room temperature to 80 oC. The maximum immersion time was 24 hours. Micro debonding tests of non and resin particles added composites were conducted. Fracture surface of resin particles added composite were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As a result, interfacial shear strengths of non particles added composite monotonously decreased with an increase of water temperature. Interfacial shear strength of resin particles added composite was higher than that of non resin particles added composite under all water temperatures except for 50 oC. From SEM observation, large resin particles on surface of carbon fiber after water immersion at 50 oC were found. And, many matrices and large resin particles on surface of carbon fiber after water immersion at 80 oC were found. Therefore, interfacial shear strength of composite was improved because resin particle addition prevented water penetration into the interface between fiber and matrix under water immersion less than 50 oC. And, interfacial shear strength of composite was probably improved by anchor effect of resin particle under water immersion at 80 oC.
Determination of Mixed-Mode Cohesive Zone Failure Parameters Using Digital Volume Correlation and the Inverse Finite Element Method
Authors: Li-Mayer J.Y.S. , Martinez M. , Lambros J. , Charalambides M.N.
Published: August 2018

The suitability of an optimisation workflow for the determination of the mixed-mode cohesive zone model parameters using digital volume correlation (DVC) data and the inverse finite element method was examined. A virtual compression experiment of a cylinder with a spherical inclusion was modelled using the finite element method. A bilinear traction separation law with a linear mixed-mode relationship was used to describe the interfacial behaviour. Known mode I and mode II fracture energies, = 20 J/m2 and = 40 J/m2 and damage initiation stress, = 0.09 MPa, were used to generate a target composite debonding behaviour. An objective function,, determined based on the debonding behaviour measurable by DVC was chosen. A full factorial experiment was carried out for the four cohesive parameters and showed that correlation between fracture energies/ damage initiation stresses and is non-linear and discontinuous with multiple local minima. Optimisations initiated at the local minima identified from the full factorial experiment correctly determined the target cohesive fracture energies and damage initiation stresses.
A Quasi-Static Delamination Model with Rate-Dependent Interface Damage Exposed to Cyclic Loading
Authors: Vodička Roman , Krajníková Katarína
Published: August 2018

A model for numerical analysis of interface damage which leads to interface crack initiationand propagation in multi-domain structures under cyclic loading is considered. Modelling of damagetakes into account various relations between interface stresses and displacement gaps providing theresponse of a cohesive zone model, additionally equipped by a kind of viscosity associated to theevolution of the interface damage. Together with repeating loading-unloading conditions, it makesthis damage process to have a fatigue-like character, where the crack appears for smaller magnitudeof the cyclic load than for pure uploading.
Flexoelectric Effect for Cracks in Piezoelectric Solids
Authors: Sladek Jan , Sladek Vladimir , Wünsche Michael , Tan Choon Lai
Published: August 2018

The finite element method (FEM) is developed to analyse 2-D crack problems where the electric field and displacement gradients exhibit a size effect penomenon. This phenomenon in micro/nanoelectronic structures is described by the strain-and electric field-gradients in constitutive equations. The governing equations are derived using variational principles with the corresponding boundary conditions. The FEM formulation with C1-continuous elements is subsequently developed and implemented. An example is presented and discussed to demonstrate the effects of the strain-and electric intensity-gradients on the electro-mechanical behavior of cracked solids.
Internet Research in Online Environments for Children: Readability of Privacy and Terms of Use Policies; The Uses of (Non)Personal Data by Online Environments and Third-Party Advertisers
Authors: Venger Olesya
Published: August 2018

Online environments encourage their prospects, including children and teens, to register and provide information about themselves in order to participate in online activities. Many sites' privacy and terms of use policies tend to provide hard-to-understand explanations about their data-using practices, contributing to a widespread confusion regarding the differences between what counts as non-personal versus personal data, and whether this data could be used for behavioral targeting or selling. Little research has been done on online advertising self-regulations and repercussions stemming from privacy-related dilemmas associated with them (Markham & Buchanan, 2012). Given the push of advertising networks to substantiate self-regulatory policies regarding online advertising (Luft, 2008; Lal Bhasin, 2008), this study investigates how privacy and terms of use policies reflect media self-regulations and privacy-related dilemmas worldwide (Federal Trade Commission, 2000; European Commission, 2012). Addressing self-regulatory practices of online media entities and their implications, this study also conducts the readability tests of privacy and terms of use-related policies of Neopets as an example of a popular virtual environment. Finally, it discusses the use of (non)personal data provided by children and teens, while evaluating how marketers' promotional initiatives operate online, and how marketers self-regulate across the United States and the European Union. Implications are discussed and recommendations regarding how marketers in online environments may enhance their reputation by being responsible given their promotional activities in online environments are offered.
Is Betrayal in EVE Online Unethical?
Authors: Brooks Ian Gregory
Published: August 2018

Betrayal is common in EVE Online. While not all gameplay based on deception is wrong, betraying a genuine friendship is wrong in any context. While some neo-Aristotelians have argued that perfect friendship is impossible online, it is possible for imperfect people to become Aristotelian character-friends even across imperfect communications channels. Good people are disposed to form friendships when they spend large amounts of time with others; people who make a hobby of feigning friendship are displaying bad character. While the possibility of betrayal does make EVE more interesting as a test of social skills for all players, that does not justify the actions of those who choose to betray.