bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality Awareness: New Directions
Authors: Kuylen Margot , Han Shihui , Harris Lasana , Huys Quentin , Monsó Susana , Pitman Alexandra , Fleming Stephen M. , David Anthony S.
Published: May 2022

Thinking about our own death and its salience in relation to decision making has become a fruitful area of multidisciplinary research across the breadth of psychological science. By bringing together experts from philosophy, cognitive and affective neuroscience, clinical and computational psychiatry we have attempted to set out the current state of the art and point to areas of further enquiry. One stimulus for doing this is the need to engage with policy makers who are now having to consider guidelines on suicide and assisted suicide so that they may be aware of their own as well as the wider populations’ cognitive processes when confronted with the ultimate truth of mortality.
Barriers to Timely Diagnosis and Treatment of Vector-Borne Diseases in a Changing Climate: A Case Report
Authors: Memari Milad , Domney Alixandra , Tee Christin J. , Stathopoulos Anna G. , Chakraborti Chayan
Published: May 2022

This case study examined current trends in the prevalence of vector-borne diseases and the impact of climate change on disease distribution. Our findings indicate that the dynamics of the Anopheles mosquito population in particular has changed dramatically in the past decade and now poses an increasing threat to human populations previously at low risk for malaria transmission. Given their geographic location and propensity for sustaining vector-borne disease outbreaks, southeastern states are particularly vulnerable to climate-induced changes in vector populations. We demonstrate the need to strengthen our hospital and laboratory infrastructure prior to further increases in the incidence of vector-borne diseases by discussing a case of uncomplicated malaria in a patient who arrived in one of our hospitals in Louisiana. This case exemplifies a delay in diagnosis and obtaining appropriate treatment in a timely manner, which suggests that our current health care infrastructure, especially in areas heavily affected by climate change, may not be adequately prepared to protect patients from vector-borne diseases. We conclude our discussion by examining current laboratory protocols in place with suggestions for future actions to combat this increasing threat to public health in the United States.
Black Lives Matter: The Role of Emotions in Political Engagement
Authors: Ellefsen Rune , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: May 2022

In the spring of 2020, the Black Lives Matter protests shook the Western world. Spreading from the USA, demonstrations diffused globally, especially to Europe, calling out racism in its different forms. Emotions ran high and were pivotal in igniting protests. The role of emotion in social movements has received renewed scholarly attention during the last decades. It plays an important role at every stage of protest, but few studies have traced its part in individuals’ shifting engagement over time. This study examines the role of emotion during the global wave of Black Lives Matter protests. Based on retrospective interviews with 38 participants in Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Norway, we identify the role of emotion before, during and after their participation. Our findings help explain how individual patterns of participation develop in the course of a wave of protest, and also provide insights into the consequences of the recent Black Lives Matter protests in Europe.
Investigation of displacement ventilation performance under various room configurations using computational fluid dynamics simulation
Authors: Askari Ahmad , Mahdavinejad Mohammadjavad , Ansari Mojtaba
Published: May 2022

The performance of a ventilation system affects air quality, thermal comfort, and energy consumption in indoor environments. To evaluate the performance of displacement ventilation under various room configurations, steady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were used. The CFD model was validated using measurements of a full-scale test room. The age of air concept was used to evaluate the ventilation performance regarding indoor air quality. The PD index was used to control the case studies for draft risk. Twelve cases with different configurations were systematically studied and compared with the reference case. The configurations included plan aspect ratio, exhaust opening position, inlet position and geometry, and internal heat gains. The results showed that the overall ventilation performance of a room is less sensitive to room configurations compared with local ventilation performance around the occupants. However, almost in all cases, the occupants were exposed to better-than-average air quality in most cases. The results also indicated that when internal heat gains are small, displacement ventilation should be used with caution.

Practical application: Any HVAC system design is based on assumptions made for ventilation performance. Comprehensive knowledge of the influential factors is critical for an efficient design. Regarding the architecture and interior design, the architects are also involved in the ventilation systems since they have an axial role in decision making for room configuration, including but not limited to room geometry, the position of inlet and outlet air terminals, and heat/pollutant sources. Consequently, the impact of room configuration on ventilation performance is of practical importance in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry.
Temperature Distribution Reconstruction Method for Acoustic Tomography Based on Compressed Sensing
Authors: Yan Hua , Wei Yuankun , Zhou Yinggang , Wang Yifan
Published: May 2022

Acoustic tomography (AT) is one of a few non-contact measurement techniques that can present information about the temperature distribution. Its successful application greatly depends on the performance of the reconstruction algorithm. In this paper, a temperature distribution reconstruction method based on compressed sensing (CS) is proposed. Firstly, a measurement matrix of an AT system in a CS framework is established. Secondly, a sparse basis is selected based on the mutual coherence between the measurement matrix and sparse basis. Thirdly, an improvement of the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, called the IMOMP algorithm, is proposed for pursuing efficiency in recovering sparse signals. Reconstruction experiments of Gaussian sparse signals showed that IMOMP was better than OMP in both success ratio and running time, and the selection method of sparse basis was effective. Finally, a temperature distribution reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing, that is, the CS-IMOMP algorithm, is proposed. Simulation and experiment results show that, compared with the least square algorithm and the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique algorithm, the CS-IMOMP algorithm has smaller reconstruction errors and provides more accurate information about the temperature distribution.
An Examination of Special Education Teachers’ Digital Practices
Authors: Kearney Matthew , Young Kirsty , Burke Paul F.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to understand how mobile devices are being used to support students’ learning (i.e., mobile learning) in specialist schools, and in specialist support units within mainstream schools. A validated survey instrument is used to examine these practices through the lens of a sociocultural digital framework that highlights distinctive mobile learning approaches. One hundred and twenty-six teachers responded to the survey. The findings provide a nuanced understanding of teachers’ current digital pedagogical approaches, and show potential benefits for students, including increased agency. Possible directions for the development of special education teachers’ digital practices are also provided.
Academic freedom: How to conceptualize and justify it?
Authors: Kabasakal Badamchi Devrim
Published: May 2022

This article deals with the question of how academic freedom can be conceptualized and justified. First, I analyze two conceptions of academic freedom: institutional autonomy and intellectual and professional autonomy. I claim that institutional autonomy is a limited way to conceptualize academic freedom because there is no guarantee that institutions always favor freedom of intellectuals. In line with this, I argue that academic freedom as intellectual and professional autonomy should be the prior, if not the only, conception of academic freedom. Second, I examine critically different justifications of academic freedom that provide us with reasons to attach high protection to academic freedom as a particular right. I contend that the justification of the university as a realm of discovery of truth and independent knowledge production has to be complemented with the justifications of the university as a realm of democratic free debate and the autonomy of academics to speak freely. This is because, the discovery of truth argument alone does not require us to accept any moral principle other than skepticism about our own beliefs, which is not a strong ground for free speech on its own. Third, I argue that equal autonomy provides a good reason for academic freedom by emphasizing the rights of academics to speak in line with what they believe is true and only in this way can they contribute to the democratic debate in academia. This line of reasoning endorses the value of the search for truth and knowledge too since it is only possible for academics to perform the profession of search for truth when they are able to speak, write and research freely.
Contemporary targeted temperature management: Clinical evidence and controversies
Authors: Hillerson Dustin B , Laine Melanie E , Bissell Brittany D , Mefford Breanne
Published: May 2022

Advancements in cardiac arrest and post-cardiac arrest care have led to improved survival to hospital discharge. While survival to hospital discharge is an important clinical outcome, neurologic recovery is also a priority. With the advancement of targeted temperature management (TTM), the American Heart Association guidelines for post-cardiac arrest care recommend TTM in patients who remain comatose after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Recently, the TTM2 randomized controlled trial found no significant difference in neurologic function and mortality at 6-months between traditional hypothermia to 33°C versus 37.5°C. While TTM has been evaluated for decades, current literature suggests that the use of TTM to 33° when compared to a protocol of targeted normothermia does not result in improved outcomes. Instead, perhaps active avoidance of fever may be most beneficial. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and membrane oxygenation can provide a means of both hemodynamic support and TTM after ROSC. This review aims to describe the pathophysiology, physiologic aspects, clinical trial evidence, changes in post-cardiac arrest care, potential risks, as well as controversies of TTM.
The Effect of Attachment Priming on State Attachment Security in Middle Childhood: The Moderating Roles of Trait Attachment and State Attachment Volatility
Authors: Cuyvers Bien , Verhees Martine W. F. T. , Van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Rowe Angela C. M. , Ceulemans Eva , Bosmans Guy
Published: May 2022

Recent studies showed that attachment security can change within persons, suggesting that there might be an interplay between a rather stable (trait) and rather variable (state) part of attachment. The study’s first aim was to investigate whether attachment priming could influence the level of state attachment. The second aim was to explore possible moderators explaining individual differences in the relation between state attachment responses to attachment versus neutral primes. This can shed light on individual differences in attachment prime-induced state attachment. We conducted a within-subjects priming study in which children (9–13 years) were allocated to three priming procedures (neutral, secure, avoidant). Results showed an increase in secure state attachment after secure attachment priming. Individual differences in the strength of this effect were moderated by trait attachment and state attachment volatility. First findings cautiously suggest that state attachment security can change in response to environmental cues under certain circumstances.
Trends in Author-Reported Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds in the United States from 1995 to 2018: Implications for Discount Rates
Authors: Pandya Ankur , Paulden Mike , Zhu Jinyi , Lavelle Tara A. , Hammitt James
Published: May 2022

Background

Decisions based on cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) using equal discount rates for health and cost outcomes are consistent with using a constant cost-effectiveness threshold over time. We sought to analyze trends in author-reported cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) thresholds from CEAs published for the US setting over 24 y to retrospectively assess whether the recommended equal discount rates for costs and health were consistent with trends in the CEA literature.

Methods

We used the Tufts CEA Registry to assess whether author-reported cost-effectiveness thresholds changed in CEAs published for the US setting between 1995 and 2018 and back-calculated the implied discount rate for health based on these trends for inflation-adjusted cost-effectiveness thresholds and an annual discount rate for costs of 3%.

Results

We found 1995 CEAs published for the US setting and found that average nominal and inflation-adjusted cost-effectiveness thresholds increased over that time period. The discount rate for health would need to equal 2.43% to 2.48% (depending on the subset of CEAs analyzed) to be consistent with the observed trends in inflation-adjusted author-reported cost-effectiveness thresholds. We also found that restricting our analysis to currency years between 1995 and 2014 would result in a back-calculated discount rate for health of 2.99% to 3.28%.

Conclusions

We found that CEA researchers have implicitly assumed that inflation-adjusted cost-effectiveness thresholds in the United States have been increasing over time (1995–2018), which is inconsistent with the recommended and prevailing choice of equal discount rates for health and cost outcomes. Our results are sensitive to the cutoff year used in the analysis.

Highlights

We show visually and through equations that the recommended and prevailing practice of using equal discount rates for cost and health outcomes in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) logically implies a constant inflation-adjusted cost-effectiveness threshold over time. Using data from the Tufts CEA Registry, we found that author-reported cost-effectiveness thresholds used in CEAs published for the US setting with currency years between 1995 and 2018 increased over time (both with and without adjustment for inflation). Assuming an annual discount rate for costs equal to 3%, the discount rate for health would need to equal approximately 2.5% to preserve consistency across decisions taken at different dates given the observed trends in inflation-adjusted author-reported cost-effectiveness thresholds. This finding depends on the cutoff year used in the analysis (data from currency years 1995–2014 would support use of equal discount rates, whereas data after 2014 would suggest a sharper trend toward increasing cost-effectiveness thresholds).
Framing the Localization of the Global Agendas: Orchestrating the Political Agency of Cities Within the Local-Global Nexus
Authors: Martinez Ricardo
Published: May 2022

The article delves into the legitimation strategies enacted by city networks to raise their profile within the state-centric global governance architecture, contributing to the body of literature on the rising transnational dynamism of cities from the unexplored angle of legitimacy. It offers a case study on the largest of these networks, United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). Building on interpretive policy analysis, the article identifies in the social construction of the frame of the localization of the UN global agendas a narrative that organizes the networked orchestration of the political agency of cities in the global urban age. Through a trans-scalar storyline that connects the local and global scale, UCLG frames the international consensus and common language underpinning the multilateral global agendas as a political opportunity to the benefit of its members.
Resilient Characteristics of Polymer Emulsion-Treated Sandy Soil
Authors: Kumar Prince , Puppala Anand J. , Tingle Jeb S. , Chakraborty Sayantan , Sarat Chandra Congress Surya
Published: May 2022

The current pavement design guidelines, for example, Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), heavily rely on the resilient moduli of pavement materials. Some locally available pavement materials may not meet the design requirements and often require the application of efficient stabilizers. Therefore, the characterization of natural and treated subgrade soils using resilient modulus is important for the design of durable flexible pavements. A research study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of polymer emulsion treatment on the resilient characteristics of sandy soil, which is used in constructing highways and airport surfaces. A commercially available polymer emulsion was used to stabilize cohesionless soil, and an attempt was made to understand the influence of polymer emulsion dosage and curing time on the strength and resilient characteristics of treated soil mixtures. Several laboratory tests were conducted on mixtures prepared with different dosages and curing times to evaluate the improvement in unconfined compressive strength and resilient moduli properties of treated sandy soil. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on resilient moduli test results using two- and three-parameter models and identified the best model exhibiting a good fit with the experimental data. A case study was demonstrated using the resilient moduli of untreated and polymer emulsion-treated soil to determine the thickness of airfield pavement. Overall, the outcome of the study is expected to assist the state and federal agencies in stabilizing and using problematic sandy soils for constructing various pavement structures.
Performance of Asphalt Mixes Containing Postconsumer Recycled Plastic using Balanced Mix Design Approach and Dry Process
Authors: Ghos Sagar , Sumter Christopher R. , Arevalo Paul Cancino , Ali Syed Ashik , Zaman Musharraf , Hobson Kenneth R. , Kalicki Greg , Metzer Darin
Published: May 2022

In recent years, use of postconsumer recycled (PCR) plastics in asphalt mixes has been gaining popularity owing to increased environmental awareness, and the need to promote sustainability and conserve natural resources. When using the dry process, incorporation of PCR plastic in asphalt mixes poses several challenges, including mixing, sample preparation, and testing. Use of balanced mix design (BMD) for asphalt mixes containing PCR plastic poses additional challenges that have not been adequately covered in previous studies. To this end, changes in the volumetric properties and performance of PCR plastic-modified asphalt mixes were investigated in this study. For this purpose, an asphalt mix having a nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) of 9.5 mm and PG 64-22 binder was designed using the BMD approach. Three different percentages (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight of aggregate) and two different PCR plastics, namely low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) were incorporated in the mix using the dry process. Volumetric properties, namely maximum theoretical specific gravity, bulk specific gravity, voids in mineral aggregate, voids filled with asphalt, air void contents, and densities were determined for both control- (0% plastic) and modified mixes. Also, indirect tensile strength, indirect tensile asphalt cracking test, and Hamburg Wheel Tracking tests were performed to assess the performance of these mixes. A comparison of performance for both plastic type and amount and issues related to the incorporation of PCR plastic using the dry process are discussed in this paper.
Development and Evaluation of Top-Mounted Sockets for Weak-Post, Midwest Guardrail System on Culverts
Authors: Pajouh Mojdeh Asadollahi , Rosenbaugh Scott , Faller Ronald
Published: May 2022

New top-mounted sockets for use with the weak-post, Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) on low-fill culverts were developed and evaluated. The system was adapted from the MGS bridge railing for attachment to the top slab of a concrete box culvert. Three design concepts were developed and evaluated through dynamic component testing. Both lateral and longitudinal impact tests were conducted on the design concepts while mounted to simulated concrete culverts. Two concepts, a cylindrical concrete foundation and a steel tube socket assembly, proved strong enough to withstand the impact loads transferred from the posts without sustaining significant damage or displacements. However, the third concept, a concrete slab, fractured and allowed the sockets to rotate back without developing the post bending strength. Thus, only the cylindrical concrete foundation and the steel tube socket assembly in combination with the weak-post, MGS were determined to be crashworthy according to the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 3 safety criteria. The new top-mounted, socketed, weak-post, W-beam MGS for low-fill culverts has multiple advantages over other guardrail treatments for culverts. The guardrail system has an unrestricted system length and does not require a transition when attached to the MGS. The top-mounted system can be placed parallel to the roadway with a constant lateral offset regardless of the position and orientation of the culvert headwall. Additionally, the attachment configurations were designed utilizing epoxy anchors, enabling the system to be installed on new or existing culverts. Finally, the sockets remain undamaged during impact events, allowing for quick repairs.
Data-Driven Food Desert Metric to Understand Access to Grocery Stores Using Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Chavis Celeste , Bhuyan Istiak A
Published: May 2022

A food desert is a geographic area lacking spatial and socioeconomic access to healthy foods. Disparities in food access and availability hinder public health and individual wellbeing. Access to healthy food has been evaluated by many agencies and researches yet they do not comparably demarcate food deserts or identify vulnerable populations in methodical terms. Existing literature suggests a link between food deserts, income level, and vehicle ownership. This study evaluates the existing methods and proposes a novel data-driven method to identify food deserts in Baltimore, Maryland. This study evaluates responses from 573 respondents for an in-depth analysis of individual grocery store choice and travel decisions. Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision trees are used to develop a user-generated food desert metric. Income level is found to be a key indicator for food desert demarcation, more than vehicle ownership. Network distance was applied to develop the prioritization matrix for a food desert. This research provides a replicable method for determining food-insecure areas in a locality by aggregating individual data to identify such areas. Such a metric can aid policymakers to make investment decisions and to direct resources to areas of need.
Getting There: The Effect of First and Last Mile Infrastructure and Services on Rail Ridership
Authors: Salter Benjamin , Alexander Serena
Published: May 2022

Using linear regression models, this paper analyzes the connection between first and last mile infrastructure and services and ridership at rail stations in two San Francisco Bay Area rail systems: Bay Area Rapid Transit and Caltrain. The findings indicated that bus and shuttle services had a large impact on ridership at stations when demographic data about station-area populations and service data such as the number of trains that serve a station at peak hour were controlled for. Additionally, station area jobs and housing were found to be extremely effective predictors of rail ridership. Each additional resident or job in a station area increased daily ridership by a small but significant amount, suggesting that ridership is ultimately heavily driven by station-area land use. Nevertheless, existing first and last mile plans primarily focus on active transportation modes; these plans neither consider land use nor emphasize the importance of bus and shuttle services as key parts of first and last mile planning. The findings showed a much less conclusive relationship between active transportation improvements, typically the focus of first and last mile plans, and ridership. This finding revealed an opportunity for improving ridership and providing equitable access to transportation and jobs by better linking land use and first and last mile planning efforts and by investing in bus and shuttle services at stations.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pedestrian Push-Button Utilization and Pedestrian Volume Model Accuracy in Utah
Authors: Runa Ferdousy , Singleton Patrick A.
Published: May 2022

This work investigated the impacts of COVID-19 on pedestrian behavior, answering two research questions using pedestrian push-button data from Utah traffic signals: How did push-button utilization change during the early pandemic, owing to concerns over disease spread through high-touch surfaces? How did the accuracy of pedestrian volume estimation models (developed pre-COVID based on push-button traffic signal data) change during the early pandemic? To answer these questions, we first recorded videos, counted pedestrians, and collected push-button data from traffic signal controllers at 11 intersections in Utah in 2019 and 2020. We then compared changes in push-button presses per pedestrian (to measure utilization), as well as model prediction errors (to measure accuracy), between the two years. Our first hypothesis of decreased push-button utilization was partially supported. The changes in utilization at most (seven) signals were not statistically significant; yet, the aggregate results (using 10 of 11 signals) saw a decrease from 2.1 to 1.5 presses per person. Our second hypothesis of no degradation of model accuracy was supported. There was no statistically significant change in accuracy when aggregating across nine signals, and the models were actually more accurate in 2020 for the other two signals. Overall, we concluded that COVID-19 did not significantly deter people from using push-buttons at most signals in Utah, and that the pedestrian volume estimation methods developed in 2019 probably do not need to be recalibrated to work for COVID conditions. This information may be useful for public health actions, signal operations, and pedestrian planning.
Effects of COVID-19 on Telework and Commuting Behavior: Evidence from 3 Years of Panel Data
Authors: Reiffer Anna , Magdolen Miriam , Ecke Lisa , Vortisch Peter
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced employers and employees to re-evaluate their attitudes toward telecommuting. This induced a change in the sheer number of people who have started to work from home (WFH). While previous studies highlight differences between telecommuters based on their level of telecommuting experience, these effects have not been studied in detail. This may limit the evaluation of implications for post-pandemic times and the transferability of models and predictions based on data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study expands on previous findings by comparing the characteristics and behavior of those who have started to telecommute during the pandemic and those who had already telecommuted before. Furthermore, this study addresses the uncertainty that exists about whether the findings of studies conducted before the pandemic—for example about sociodemographic characteristics of telecommuters—still hold true, or if the pandemic induced a shift in telecommuters’ profiles. Telecommuters show differences when considering their previous experience in WFH. The results of this study suggest that the transition induced by the pandemic was more drastic for new telecommuters compared with experienced telecommuters. The COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on how household configurations are considered in the choice to WFH. With decreased access to child care resulting from school closings, people with children in the household were more likely to choose to telecommute during the pandemic. Also, while people living alone are generally less likely to choose to WFH, this effect was reduced as a result of the pandemic.
Disposition of gentamicin and amikacin in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using a heparin-coated filter: An in vitro assessment
Authors: Baud Frédéric J , Wasram Jetha-Jamal Tsandni , Vicca Stéphanie , Raphalen Jean-Herlé , Lamhaut Lionel
Published: May 2022

Disposition of gentamicin and amikacin during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has not been addressed in in vitro models. The HLS Advanced 7.0® circuit with the Cardio Help® monitor, Getinge, was used. The 5-L central compartment (CC) was loaded with gentamicin and amikacin at a targeted concentration of 40 and 80 mg/L in the same bag prior connection to the circuit. Samples were collected in the CC, the inlet and outlet ports from 15 min to 6 h post-connection. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using the NeckEpur® method. Analysis of results of gentamicin and amikacin showed in the filter-pump block (i) the extremely low value of the extraction coefficients, (ii) similar values of the areas under the curve (AUCs) at the inlet and outlet ports, (iii) using the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test no significant differences of the inlet-outlet concentrations in the filter-pump. In the whole system (i) the amounts recovered in the CC at the end of the 6-h session were not significantly different from the initial values, (ii) the extremely low values of the total clearance of gentamicin and amikacin from the CC in comparison with the measured simulated blood flowrate, (iii) the lack of significant time-concentration interactions in the CC and the inlet and outlet ports. These findings allow concluding no detectable adsorption of gentamicin and amikacin occurred in the HLS Advanced 7.0 circuit.
Online Data Articles: The Language of Intersubjective Stance in a Rhetorical Hybrid
Authors: Pérez-Llantada Carmen
Published: May 2022

The data article is a digital genre that has emerged in response to new exigencies, namely, to make data more transparent and research processes more trustable and reproducible. Following White’s framework of intersubjective stance, this article draws upon statistical tools and collocational and discourse analyses to examine the linguistic resources deployed by authors to respond to both exigencies. The results show a high presence of dialogically contractive resources (above all, passive constructions and, only in one data article section, inanimate subjects) by which authors do not fully engage with dialogic alternatives (heteroglossic disengagement). Dialogically expansive resources (anticipatory it-subjects and we-pronouns) are extremely rare, corroborating that the authors’ stance is neither monoglossic (undialogized) nor heteroglossically engaged. Further, the discourse functions and ensuing pragmatic effects of the prevailing intersubjective stance resources, significantly different between and among the data article sections, including their associated abstracts, reveal the construal of very distinct dialogic spaces for writer-reader interaction within this article type. Such intra-generic variation may be explained by the social (and rhetorical) action that the genre fulfills, namely, to describe and highlight the value of the research data.
Dysregulation of E-cadherin in pulmonary cell damage related with COPD contributes to emphysema
Authors: Kayalar Ozgecan , Oztay Fusun , Yildirim Merve , Ersen Ezel
Published: May 2022

Air pollution, especially at chronic exposure to high concentrations, is a respiratory risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). E-cadherin, a cell–cell adhesion protein, is involved in the integrity of the alveolar epithelium. Causes of E-cadherin decreases in emphysematous areas with pulmonary cell damage related to COPD are not well understood. We aimed to determine the molecules causing the decrease of E-cadherin and interactions between these molecules. In emphysematous and non-emphysematous areas of lungs from COPD patients (n = 35), levels of E-cadherin, HDACs, Snail, Zeb1, active-β-catenin, p120ctn, and Kaiso were determined by using Western Blot. The interactions of HDAC1, HDAC2, and p120ctn with transcription co-activators and Kaiso were examined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The methylation status of the CDH1 promoter was investigated. E-cadherin, Zeb1, Kaiso, and active-β-catenin were decreased in emphysema, while HDAC1, HDAC2, and p120ctn2 were increased. Snail, Zeb1, Twist, active-β-catenin, Kaiso, and p120ctn co-precipitated with HDAC1 and HDAC2. E-cadherin, Kaiso, and active-β-catenin co-precipitated with p120ctn. HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions were increased in emphysema, but p120ctn-E-cadherin interaction was decreased. The results show that HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions are capable of decreasing the E-cadherin in emphysema. The decreased interaction of p120ctn/E-cadherin leads to E-cadherin destruction. The decreased E-cadherin and its induced degradation in pneumocytes cause impaired repair and disintegrity of the epithelium. Approaches to suppress HDAC1–Snail and HDAC2–Kaiso interactions may help the protection of alveolar epithelial integrity by increasing the E-cadherin stability in pneumocytes.
Parent-Child Concordance and Discordance in Family Violence Reporting: A Descriptive Analysis from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study®
Authors: Hogan Jasara N. , Garcia Alexis M. , Tomko Rachel L. , Squeglia Lindsay M. , Flanagan Julianne C.
Published: May 2022

Childhood trauma exposure, including witnessing or experiencing family violence, is associated with a variety of poor outcomes such as increased likelihood of psychopathology and high-risk behaviors across the lifespan. Early treatment may help to buffer these effects, but parents and youth display only moderate levels of agreement in reporting family violence, making it more difficult to identify children who have been exposed. Additionally, most studies on family violence reporting have focused primarily on small samples in specific high-risk populations, and little is known about the generalizability of these findings. Thus, the present study assessed concordance in family violence reporting and its correlates using the population-based, demographically diverse sample from the U.S. Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD®) study. Participants were 10,532 children between 9 and 10 years old, and their parent or guardian, from 21 sites across the United States. Overall, 30% ( N = 3119) of the sample reported family violence and most of those reports ( N = 2629) had discordant violence reporting, meaning child- and parent-report did not correspond with each other. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of participants belonging in one of the following groups: no violence reported, concordant violence reported, and discordant violence reported. Results indicated that Black or Non-Hispanic children, male children, and children with greater externalizing problems were more likely to report family violence, and parents with lower levels of education and income were more likely to report family violence. These findings likely reflect differences in distribution of risk factors among racial and ethnic minoritized individuals including increased parenting stress and decreased access to mental health treatment. Among those reporting violence, Hispanic children and children with less externalizing problems were more likely to be in the discordant group. Findings suggest that both parent and child reports are needed to assess violence and screen for appropriate services.
Graph Manipulation and the Impact on Pre-Service Teachers’ Accuracy in Evaluating Progress Monitoring Data
Authors: Kuntz Emily M. , Massey Cynthia C. , Peltier Corey , Barczak Mary , Crowson H. Michael
Published: May 2022

Through time-series graphs, teachers often evaluate progress monitoring data to make both low- and high-stakes decisions for students. The construction of these graphs—specifically, the presence of an aimline and the data points per x- to y-axis ratio (DPPXYR)—may impact decisions teachers make. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of graph construction manipulations on pre-service teachers’ accuracy with instructional decision-making. Participants included 94 pre-service teachers enrolled in an introductory course focused on students with disabilities at two universities. Following instruction on progress monitoring, students evaluated 48 graphs representing eight data sets with six manipulations (i.e., with and without aimline; DPPXYR set at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15). Results suggest that the presence of an aimline increased accuracy, whereas the manipulation of the DPPXYR led to mixed findings. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Development and characterization of surface functionalized hierarchical carbon fiber reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites
Authors: Gogoi Rupam , Manik Gaurav
Published: May 2022

Light-weight hybrid composites of relevant industrial applications were prepared using surface functionalized hierarchical carbon fibers ( f-CF), silane treated hollow glass microspheres (HGM), and a blend of polypropylene (PP) and maleic anhydride-grafted-styrene ethylene butylene styrene as the base polymer matrix. The f-CF were prepared by coating amine functionalized carbon nanotubes onto silane treated CF using an ultrasonic assisted electrophoretic deposition technique to improve fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion. For hybrid composition of 20 wt.% f-CF and 10 wt.% HGM, the tensile strength and modulus improved by ∼141 and ∼536% over neat PP while flexural strength and modulus increased by ∼118% and ∼583% respectively. Impact strength of 11.06 kJ/m2 was obtained and uniform dispersion and distribution of f-CF and HGMs was observed in Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Desirable reduction in density and melt viscosity along with improvement in composite stiffness were observed due to addition of HGM filler. Compared to PP, the crystallization temperature increased by ∼12°C while a maximum decrease of ∼5°C in melting temperature was obtained for the hybrid composites. Crystallinity of the hybrid composites decreased with an evident β crystal formation brought in by the nucleation.
Mobility Power, State and the ‘Sponsored Labour Regime’ in Saudi Capitalism
Authors: Hammer Anita , Adham Ayman
Published: May 2022

This article draws on the ‘double indeterminacy of labour power’, a key conceptual development in labour process theory, to examine mobility power in Saudi Arabia. State control over the mobility of migrant workers is crucial to the labour process and the wider political-economy of Saudi Arabia. However, little is known about mobility–effort bargaining and the specific forms of mobility power in the Saudi context. This article argues that not only is mobility–effort bargaining at the core of capital–labour relations in Saudi Arabia, but that mobility and effort are variably controlled by different sponsors/agents of control. Importantly, the control exercised by the state, capital and other sponsors over migrants’ mobility is not absolute. Developing mobility power further, the article details the multiplicity of mobilities and labour contracts to delineate a ‘sponsored labour regime’, and highlights the underexplored role of the state, and other agents of control, in conceptualising mobility–effort bargaining.
Work in the Gig-Economy: The Role of the State and Non-State Actors Ceding and Seizing Regulatory Space
Authors: Inversi Cristina , Dundon Tony , Buckley Lucy-Ann
Published: May 2022

Using the concept of regulatory space, this article asks how both the state and non-state actors influence employment regulations particular to the gig-economy. To address this question a mixed method approach is used, including interviews with strategically placed informants involved in policy formation at national and international levels, content analysis of legal cases, parliamentary inquiry transcripts and policy reports. The analysis contributes to an understanding of employment regulation by the state in two ways. First, it reports distinct ‘levers’, which lead to a particular state role of ‘ceding and seizing’ regulatory power. Second, it argues that these levers ultimately serve the accumulation interests of capital over the legitimacy of employment rights for labour. The findings have wider societal implications for issues of equity, justice and employment regulation applicable to the gig-economy.
Disabled People Working in the Disability Sector: Occupational Segregation or Personal Fulfilment?
Authors: Revillard Anne
Published: May 2022

Disabled people face many forms of exclusion on the labour market. To what extent is work in the disability sector a manifestation of this exclusion or a solution to it? Defined here as working for a disability organisation or specialising in disability in one’s occupation, work in the disability sector represents an under-documented aspect of the employment experiences of disabled people. This article uses it as a point of departure to theoretically and methodologically operationalise Carol Thomas’s social relational approach of disability to the study of employment. Drawing on biographical interviews conducted in France with people with either mobility or visual impairments, this study shows the ambivalent nature of work in the disability sector, which is diversely experienced as a form of occupational segregation or a means of self-fulfilment.
Electromagnetohydrodynamic unsteady flow with entropy generation and hall current of hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk: An application in hyperthermia therapeutic aspects
Authors: Divya A , Reddy P Bala Anki
Published: May 2022

The objective of this article is to explore entropy generation in electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) hybrid nanofluid flow across an unsteady rotating disk in the presence of Hall current, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. In the present physical model, an innovative group of nanofluid model known as the hybrid nanofluid is being used, which is made of silver [Formula: see text] and ferrosoferric oxide [Formula: see text] with blood. The nonlinear differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using suitable self-similarity variables, which are obtained using the homotopy perturbation technique (HPM). When compared to the numerical technique (Runge-Kutta method), the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) yields a more accurate and reliable conclusion. The graphical outcomes are portrayed for velocities, temperature, volume fractions, entropy generation, Bejan number, skin friction and Nusselt number with various values of dynamic parameters. The higher values of electric field enhance the radial and azimuthal velocities whereas the opposite nature for a magnetic field parameter. Temperature profile enhances by varying magnetic and electric field parameters. The entropy generation rises for higher values of radiation, magnetic and electric fields. This theoretical model consists of EMHD and thermal radiation cases through blood flow and it plays a significant role in biomedical applications especially radiofrequency ablation (RFA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cancer therapy and tumor therapy.
Assessment of shield support performance based on an innovative mathematical-physical model in longwall faces
Authors: Yuan Xiang , Xie Jiacheng , Gao Fei , Lian Zisheng
Published: May 2022

In the present study, theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted focusing on the load-carrying characteristics of the powered hydraulic support. Based on the drive space, a kinematic model using the Denavit–Hartenberg theory based on drive space was developed to predict the position information of the hydraulic support. Then the dynamic model of the support was established to analyze the carrying behaviors of the support. A computational procedure was presented to obtain a coupled solution of the kinematic mechanism and the failure mechanism. A test bench was designed to verify the model. The numerical model gained deep insight into the effects of the strokes of the column and the equilibrium jack, the working force of the column, the equilibrium, and the friction coefficients. As a result, the working intervals of the column and the equilibrium jack as well as the loading characteristics were investigated under various supporting attitudes. The obtained responses illustrate that the optimal structural parameters could be reasonably established to improve the performance of the powered support. Moreover, the performed analyses demonstrate that the proposed methodology can be applied to accurately predict the experimental response of the support and provide a basis to adaptively adjust the surrounding rock strata and the powered support in industrial applications.
Influence of micro-sized Al2O3 particles on microstructure, mechanical, and wear behavior of dissimilar composite joint of AA6061/AA7075 by friction stirprocessing/welding
Authors: Jain Sumit , Mishra RS
Published: May 2022

In the present study, the fabrication of dissimilar composite joints of AA6061/AA7075 incorporated with micro-sized Al2O3 particles was carried out using friction stir welding. The impact of the dispersion pattern of different volume fractions of Al2O3 micro-particles (Al2O3mp) under various combinations of tool rotational speed (RS) and traverse speed (TS) on the weld quality was studied. The composite joints were tested for tensile strength, micro-hardness, wear, and microstructural development. The results demonstrated that higher grain refinement due to dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and pinning effect of Al2O3mp considerably improved the weld quality. Higher improvements in the mechanical properties of the composite joints were also observed as the volume fraction of Al2O3mp increased. Consequently, the composite joint processed at RS of 1100 rpm, TS of 40 mm/min with 10% volume fraction of Al2O3mp exhibits the higher tensile strength of 241.35 MPa with joint efficiency of 83.80% and maximum micro-hardness of 157.5 HV. In comparison with base materials, the incorporation of Al2O3mp also improved the wear resistance of the composite joints.