bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH INFORMASI ARUS KAS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PT ASTRA AGRO LESTARI TBK DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Timuriana Tiara , Nurdiana Ardi
Published: July 2019

AbstrakKandungan informasi arus kas mampu menyajikan informasi utama dalam mengevaluasi harga pasar surat-surat berharga, terutama harga saham. Adanya respon pasar informasi arus kas terhadap perubahan harga saham yang secara jelas dipengaruhi oleh informasi arus kas, dengan adanya informasi arus kas historis maka perusahaan akan mampu meramalkan jumlah kas yang mungkin didistribusikan pada waktu yang akan datang baik dalam bentuk dividen, bunga maupun pembayaran kembali pokok, dengan kata lain informasi arus kas masa lalu dan sekarang mampu memprediksi arus kas dimasa yang akan datang dan mengevaluasi hubungan antara aktivitas operasi (AKO), aktivitas investasi (AKI), aktivitas pendanaan (AKP), dan total arus kas (TAK). Meneliti informasi arus kas yang dihasilkan oleh PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk terhadap perubahan harga saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia, untuk mengetahui perkembangan arus kas dan kinerja saham serta pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan harga saham PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk Periode 2007-2012. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif (kuantitatif), yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan-hubungan baru, khususnya dalam menjelaskan pengaruh informasi arus kas terhadap harga saham maka teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif (statistik). Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa arus kas dari aktivitas operasi (AKO), aktivitas investasi (AKI), aktivitas pendanaan (AKP), dan total arus kas (TAK). Masing-masing aktivitas mempunyai pengaruh terhadap perubahan harga saham. Hasil dari uji statistik SPSS 20 dapat diketahui AKO mempunyai pengaruh sebesar 0,019 (<0,05), AKI perusahaan sebesar 0,029 (>0,05), AKP perusahaan sebesar 0,023 (<0,05), TAK perusahaan sebesar 0,026 (<0,05).Kata Kunci: Arus kas operasi, arus kas investasi, arus kas pendanaan, total arus kas dan harga saham
Bitcoin – An Overview
Authors: Sharmila Devi M
Published: July 2019

The goal of this study was to find out the details about Bitcoin, a digital crypto-currency that is decentralized. Most of it is singularly absorbed on Bitcoin rather than a more varied spread of cryptocurrencies. Since it has become a topic of interest these days there came a need for research in this topic to let people know what it is and the attention will be given to examine its theoretical concept, value, types, process and works, usage, regulations, merits, demerits, growth and developments, future and its innovative payment methods in future. So this paper will provide a brief yet in-depth and convincing analysis of Bitcoin.
Women Empowerment through Self Help Group in Velappanadaroor at Sankarankovil Taluk
Authors: Karthika T
Published: July 2019

Self Help Groups are small voluntary associations of rural people, preferably womenfolk from the same socioeconomic background. They come together to solve common problems.The empowerment of women through Self Help Groups (SHGs) would lead to benefits not only to the individual women but also for the family and community as a whole through collective action for development. This paper is an attempt to analyze the women empowerment through self-help group. A simple random sampling technique is used to collect data. Both primary and secondary data were used. Fifty self-help group members’samples were collected through a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed through statistical tools such as a percentage. This study concludes that the economic activities of the Self Help Group are quite successful. In this way Self Help Group in Sankarankovil Taluk Velappanadaroor area the very successful develop women empowerment and rural areas.
An Economic Analysis on Historic Inflation Rate in India
Authors: Karthikeyan P , Manikandan M
Published: July 2019

India's inflationary experience was a varied basket. There were some years the annual inflation rate reached a maximum of 40%, while other years were negative. Wholesale price index, differs in a wide range as the lowest value of -12.5% for the year 1952-53 and the highest amount of 38.3% for the year 1943-44. The highest value is due to the end of the world war-II. The years of high, inflation is mainly the impact of War, low agricultural production due to drought and oil price hike up in foreign countries. The inflation rate was below 6% for 38 years and above 6% for 40 years out of 78 years beginning from 1939-40 to 2016-2017. Suppose, it is assumed that India's bearable rate of Inflation is equal to or below 6%, then, India appears to be worst in controlling inflation.

On the other hand, the rate of inflation above 6% to 15% was for 31years and above 15% for nine years. Therefore, many accept as accurate that India is to be an Inflation driven country. The severe economic setback in the Indian economy is inflation, which hinders the economic power of the people. Most of the people are still suffering due to increase in India. These major study aims to support the Government, and economists should generate better policies for the control the rise.
Development of Commercial Banks during Pre and Post Globalization Era in India: An Analysis
Authors: Yuvaraja U , Gururaja B , Sampreetha K
Published: July 2019

Banking is an old business and a central pillar of Indian society. Money lending activities in India had traced back to the Vedic period (according to Central Banking Enquiry Committee-1931). The professional banking system existed long ago- Manu Murthy, Kautilya’s Arthashastra- in India. Initial stage growth of Indian banks was very sluggish and also experienced episodic failure between 1913 and 1948. The banking sector in the pre-reform period was experienced poor performance and caught into deep crisis due to excessive loans in comparison to total deposits having a ratio more than 50 per cent consisting of about 90 per cent of all commercial banks which posed a significant threat to the stability and transparency of the financial system. During those days, the public had lesser confidence in the banks. Government at this juncture decided to introduce comprehensive economic reforms. Environmental and regulatory changes have made this sector more competitive and improved the health of the Indian banking sector. The study's main purpose is to analyse the growth of India scheduled commercial banks during pre and post-globalisation period in three phases viz., a)Early Phase of growth of the CBS: 1936-1969, b) Period of Social Control:1967 -1991 and c)Phase of Globalization:1991-2018. The present study is based on, purely, secondary data.
Women, Water & Well-Being: A Case Study of ‘Kuttadampadam’ in Palakkad, Kerala
Authors: Shinju V , Prasad Aswathi
Published: July 2019

The natural resources are repository for the survival of all of us, so they must be used efficiently to meet the present needs while conserving them for future generations. An action to develop capacities from global to household levels for their sustainable management and regulation is required henceforth. Of these natural resources, water resources are most precious. If there is no water; there would be no life on earth. Since ‘water is the elixir of life’, water resource management has been considered as one of the most relevant areas of intervention. Understanding the gender dimensions of water resource management is a starting point for reversing the degradation of water resources. Women play an important role here since they have to access the water resources for almost all the activities on a daily basis. As the women are the strong social agents, effective and improved water preservation techniques could be achieved through their empowerment that may eventually lead to the well-being of the households in particular and of the community in general. Therefore, the major research question posed in this study is to analyze the role of women in the preservation and management of water, an inevitable, precious but diminishing natural resource. The study also intends to describe the relationship between the three ‘W's-Women, Water & Well-being. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are essential here as it is a contingent issue in the present scenario. Psychological dimensions were also explored since the issue is affecting the routine life of the community. The case study of women belonging to the Kuttadampadam region was done to explain the role of women in preserving water resources in the areas affecting severe water scarcity.
Religious Fundamentalism among Christian and Islam Students of University
Authors: Indrawan Yudistira Fauzy , Kumar Sampath
Published: July 2019

This study is aimed to revisit the previous one, which measures the level of religious fundamentalism (RF) among Christian and Islam. The socio-cultural background, such as national integration in Western Europe or the economic gap between Muslim in Europe and the U.S. is likely to give a different output of research. The difference of RF among Christian and Islam with the Indonesian background where religiosity of both religions is high, and they are not attached to the particular racial group become a novelty. A significant difference between Christian and Islam is revealed in this study. Islam students are higher at their RF level than Christian ones.
Import and Export of Small Cardamom in India
Authors: Anbuchelvi M
Published: July 2019

Indian Small Cardamom is famous in the world over decades for its’ quality, colour and standards. However, India imports Cardamom from other countries for various reasons such as high price in the domestic market, bulk seasonal and festival demand for Cardamom from North India. Countries like Guatemala with a wide area of plantations with naturally conducive weather and climate paves the way for mass production of Cardamom at a lower cost. This has resulted in the mixing of those lesser quality cardamoms with higher quality Cardamom produce in India. Moreover, there are many illegal routes with which Guatemala Cardamom is smuggled into India. Export of Cardamom has several formalities and procedures to be followed. The State and Central Government have regulated the import and export of cardamom to various countries in the world. There are several distributing channels of Cardamom with auction centres, wholesaler, retailer and other intermediaries through which the Cardamom reaches the customers in India and abroad. The international market for Indian Cardamom is competitive as more countries try to dump their product. But there is ample scope for Indian Cardamom to rule in the Global Market.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Teks Pidato dengan Menggunakan Metode Think Fair Share
Authors: Zakaria Gagan
Published: July 2019

This article discusses improving the ability to write speech text by using think fair share method. The study was conducted using Classroom Action Research (PTK) with two cycles. Technique of collecting data is done by test. The results showed that there was an increase in the ability to write speech texts and student activities. This can be seen in the cycle I the ability to write speech text with completeness reached 60.68% or 70 average. Then it looks a significant increase compared to cycle I, in cycle II mastery reaches 91.30% or an average of 82.34. Furthermore, students' activity in cycle I was recorded by 4 students or 17.39% who played mobile phone, 3 students or 13.04% who were relaxed waiting for the reply from their friends, and 2 students or 8.69% who cheered his friend when doing. Compared to cycle I, some students do not want to do themselves according to the instructions. In the implementation of cycle II, the activity of students who play mobile phone decreased from 4 students or by 17.39% to 2 students or by 8.69%, relaxed students waiting for answers from their friends no, and students who bully his friend does not exist.Keywords: writing text of speech, think fair share.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Menganalisis Cerita Pendek Menggunakan Model Discovery Learning
Authors: Darmawangsa Dirwan
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the effectiveness of students' learning, interests, and abilities in analyzing characters and characterizing short stories using the discovery learning model. The method used is classroom action research with 3 cycles, with instrument in the form of observation sheet and questionnaire. The research was conducted in class XI SMA Pasundan I Cianjur. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in the effectiveness of learning. In the first cycle of class is still noisy, then on the second cycle has started not rowdy, and on the III cycle is good. Student interest also increases in cycle I students who are active only a small part, on the second cycle began to grow and in cycle III is already high. Students' ability in analyzing short story also increases because in cycle I the average score of students is only 69,58, at second cycle of 81,66 and in cycle III reach 85,20. It was concluded that the use of discovery learning model in learning to analyze character and characterization in class XI SMA Pasundan 1 Cianjur can improve the effectiveness, student interest and student learning outcomes.Keywords: short story, discovery learning.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Teks Autobiografi dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning
Authors: Yulianda Dita
Published: July 2019

This article will describe learning to write auotobiografi text using Contextual Teaching and Learning approach. The method used in the research, namely the experiment with the design of One-Group Pretest-Postest. Technique of collecting data in the form of test, observation, and questionnaire. The population in the study of students of class XI SMK Nurul Islam Cianjur, with a sample of 22 students. From the results of the study known the average value of the initial test 60.45 and the average value of the final test 80.91. The result of calculation with t-test known value that is 11,41 and value for t.s 0,05 value t = 1,72 and for t.s 0,01 value t = 2.51. Thus, there is a significant difference between students' ability in learning to write autobiographic text before and after using Contextual Teaching and Learning approach. The difference seen in the final test results is higher than the initial test results. The use of Contextual Teaching and Learning approach also get positive response for students, this can be proved by the percentage of student answers for positive response is greater than negative response, that is 30% of students who choose strongly agree (SS)> 4% of students who choose strongly disagree (STS).Keywords: autobiographic text, contextual
Implementation of Simulation Methods in Leadership Value Learning
Authors: Daniati Novi
Published: July 2019

This article describes the implementation of the simulation method of leadership values of Prince Pemanah Rasa in Sasakala Prabu Siliwangi by Muhammad Fajar Laksana, judging by the effectiveness of the application of methods and the students' ability in analyzing the value of leadership. The method used in this research is descriptive method with research object of class VIII E students as much as 35 people. The result of the research shows that the students of class VIII E MTs Islamiyah Sayang consider the effective simulation method used in the learning of folklore with the percentage of 97,1%. The students' ability in analyzing the leadership value of Prince Pemanah Rasa figure, 12 students (34,2%) got 80 (good category), 9 students (25,8%) got 70 (enough category), 7 students (20%) scored 60 (moderate category), and 3 students (8.6%) got the value of 40 (less category). It shows that students' ability in analyzing the leadership value of Prince Pemanah Rasa figure is enough, seen from percentage of average ability which reach 66.6%.Keywords: simulation, sasakala prabu siliwangi, leadership value
Use of Communicative Approach and the Use of Image Media in Improving Writing Skills
Authors: Nurhayati Tuti
Published: July 2019

The communicative approach and use an iamege media without pictorial picture books can be used to improve students' skills in writing essays. The research was conducted using a classroom action research design. Subjects in this study were third grade students of Cinangsi Elementary School, Cikalongkulon District. The study was conducted in two cycles. Data collection uses test and non-test techniques. The test used is a test of action in the form of assignment writing essays, while the non-test technique used is observation, journals, interviews, and photo documentation. The results showed that the average learning outcomes in the first cycle was 73.79, and in the second cycle increased to 88.12. Thus, there was an increase from cycle I to cycle II of 14.33%. This increase in student writing skills is also followed by changes in behavior, from negative behavior to positive behavior. In cycle II, students who were previously less enthusiastic about writing essays became enthusiastic, happy, and interested after participating in learning to write essays with a communicative approach and media without textbooks.Keywords: communicative approach, writing essays
Reforming the Taxation Structure
Authors: Kardar Shahid
Published: July 2019

An essential component of a programme for structural readjustment
is a reform of the taxation system so that it supports the basic thrust of the
reform package. Although the system of taxation in Pakistan is supposedly
based on the principles of equity and has a progressive character it has not
actually functioned in this manner. This is so because the system has
evolved as a result of changes made at different moments in time in
response to the exigencies of the government’s revenue needs and the
pressures exerted by different lobbies. The attempt to use the taxation
system to serve a variety of social and economic objectives has created
distortions and made the structure rather complex and non-transparent,
thereby weakening its potency as a revenue generation instrument, while
adding unnecessarily to costs. The structure is, therefore, characterised by
direct taxes not being paid by those who should be paying them, indirect
taxes being largely paid by those who are otherwise considered too poor to
pay taxes and subsidies and exemptions being cornered by those who should
not get them.
Central Asia – the Political Economy of Events in 1995
Authors: Rashid Ahmed
Published: July 2019

No greater disappointment for Pakistan’s foreign policy since the
break up of the Soviet Union has been the inability to benefit from
increased trade and traffic with five Central Asian Republics (CARs). The
continuing civil war in Afghanistan has blocked land routes while
neighbouring countries such as Iran and Turkey have surged ahead with
strengthening economic links with Central Asia.
Competition Policy and Democracy in Pakistan
Authors: Amjad Chaudhry Shahid
Published: July 2019

This paper argues that competition policy has focused exclusively on
the productive and financial sectors which has consequently seen periods of
extreme concentration of assets by the private sector, nationalisation and
subsequent privatisation and de-regulation. However, the political momentum
generated from the nationalisation moves in industry and finance has resulted
in complete government control through nationalisation of the education
sector which has had adverse consequences for human resource development.
Public administration has also deteriorated as a result of expansion of the
nationalised sector and consequent diversion of economic rents to public
administrators. The challenges facing the economy are to increase
competitiveness and reduce rent seeking through eliminating trade barriers,
privatisation and de-regulation in the production, finance and education
sectors which are only possible in democratic environments and which
reinforce the democratic process itself particularly through human resource
development. An important dilemma relates to the infrastructure and energy
sectors where issues of privatising natural monopolies and cartels raise
questions of institutional capacity in regulating these sectors.
Towards a Theoretical Framework for
an Analysis of Corruption
Authors: Mahmud Moazam
Published: July 2019

This is a conceptual paper on the analytics of the phenomena of
economic corruption. And it is very much a working paper, begging
comments. The paper concentrates on what appears on first reflection a
redundant question -what is the impact of corruption? The almost knee jerk
answer is loss of income. However, when modelling economic corruption we
run into the problems of determining the questions of: loss of income for
whom - the principal, the agent, the state, the consumer, the economy? -
how? and by how much?
Improving of operating efficiency of the Mozyr underground gas storage
Authors: Т.Yu. Zhuravleva , Е.F. Kalinichenko , I.V. Novozhilova
Published: July 2019

The article describes the ways to improve the efficiency of operation of the Mozyr underground gas storage by optimizing the work of existing tanks and new underground storage. Provides a complex solution of geomechanical, technological and economic points of view. In the article the following tasks: synthesis of available information on the geological structure of Mozyr salt dome; study and analysis of information about lithological features, material composition, physical, mechanical and other properties of rocks composing the array; the analysis of technical condition of underground reservoir and technological possibilities of its reconstruction; a detailed consideration of two basic variants of reconstruction of the tank and the choice of the most optimal. The conclusion about the superiority of «wash-out» existing underground storage tank. It is noted that the Use of technology «washout» allows to carry out reconstruction with minimal cost and minimal impact to the environment.
The technology of dry construction mixtures of quartz cements with various chemical additives
Authors: S.Iu. Akimov
Published: July 2019

Technology of production of dry building mixtures is of great importance in the promotion of domestic and foreign market of construction materials. Currently, the dry mixtures are of great importance in the decoration of buildings and premises. It is noted that the basis to meet the new needs of builders is the production of dry building mixtures. Dry mixes have recently become to be used as thermal insulation materials, improving the efficiency of construction. This article discusses the use of dry construction mixtures with quartz cements with various chemical additives. It is noted that the advantage of production technologies of dry mixtures is the possibility of individual and, where necessary, repeated modification of their components, chemical additives or mechanical treatment, with obtaining materials of wide application. Of hydrophilic additives C-3 and LSTM-2 from the position of «filler» effect to all the particles of dry mix is preferred LSTM-2, and guarantees a longer preservation in time. Metal quartz powder industrial waste, introduced into the Portland cement or the dry mixture, pushing the grain and contribute to a more complete hydration of the cement. Quartz cements are advised to prepare for low-frequency shock-attrition modes of external influence, and dry mixes on their basis of high-frequency turbulent regimes with an air pressure of 6 atmospheres.
The problem of model selection of the capital projects implementation
Authors: A.E. Mitenkova , E.N. Mitenkova
Published: July 2019

Nowadays many companies which plan to expand their business by construction of new facilities, face with the need in capital projects implementation and the choice of a contracting model. The author considers common used contracting models of capital projects: an EPC-contracts and an EPCM-contracts. In the article the authors give the definition of these two types of contracts. To a great extent the success of a capital project depends on the management of capital projects, including the process of capital project’s contracting. That is why, the author examines the advantages and disadvantages of each contracting models. Also the authors compare EPC-contracts and EPCM-contracts of capital project’s contracting in terms of sharing of risks between the participants of a capital project: a company-sponsor and a contractor, which is responsible for implementation a capital project. The authors consider such risks associated with the implementation of a capital project as a risk of non-completion a project on time, a risk of increasing a lump sum fixed price of a capital project, a risk of poor implementation of a capital project and a risk of financial responsibility in the case of debt. Comparative analysis of EPC-contracts and EPCM-contracts for capital projects showed that EPCM-contracts have more advantages, because they provide more freedom to a company-sponsor to monitor the implementation of capital projects, and allow to significantly reduce costs and increase return on equity, especially if a company-sponsor has a wide experience in implementation of capital projects.
The chemical additives in the prefabricated reinforced concret technology
Authors: B.A. Usov , G.E. Okolnikova
Published: July 2019

The article presents research data of concrete with chemical admixtures for precast concrete. To the additives are hardening accelerators, systems-based accelerators, plasticizers and air-entraining additives. The authors studied the effect of the addition of electrolytes (NаСl, Nа2SО4 СаСl2, Са(NO3)2), complex additives (on the basis of the electrolytes and plasticizers, air-entraining additives SPD and mikrokremnezema) on properties of concrete, strength of concrete steamed and some of its properties. By accelerating the effect of electrolyte additives studied were located in the sequence: СаСl2 > NаСl > Nа2SO4 > Са(NO3)2. It is noted that the increase of concrete strength with electrolytes increases with decreasing the duration of heating and the content of aluminates in Portland cement, which allows for 40...50% reduction in the warm-up of concrete or 5...15% of cement consumption. Complex agent (on their basis), irrespective of the Mineralogy of the cement is more efficient and reduce the cement consumption by 10...15%, superplasticizers up to 20%, but long-term modes and regardless of the type of Portland cement. The article contains a material with strength in different curing regimes, the indicators of reduction of consumption of cement and frost resistance of concrete with the introduction of air-entraining additives. Empirical formula to calculate the reduction of the duration of isothermal heating regime during heat treatment of concrete.
Productivity of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) in the condition of Tajikistan
Authors: K. Partoev
Published: July 2019

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant height from 40 cm to 2.5 m high with erect branched, leafy stem. The length of the growing season is 4.5–5 months. The yield of tubers in average 15 t/ha, the total productivity of terrestrial bodies – 70...90 t/ha. In Tajikistan, the Jerusalem artichoke began to be cultivated in 40–50 years of the last century. In the conditions of the Gissar valley at an experimental plot of the Institute of botany, physiology and plant genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, located in the Eastern part of Dushanbe at the altitude of 840 m above sea level, and carried out the planting of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in midApril. In the conditions of Rasht valley (Jirgatol district at altitudes of 2100 and 2700 m above sea level and the Rasht district, at an altitude of 2300 m above sea level) planting tubers of Jerusalem artichoke was conducted in the third week of may. Identification of the general size a biomass sun artichoke on the irrigation fields of Gissar and Rasht valleys fluctuates within from 66.5 to 94.2 t/hec. and on rein field from 30.4 to 72.5 t/hec., yield of tubers from 24.95 to 38.4 t/hec. on the irrigation fields and from 11.85 to 22.95 t/hec. on rein fields. On the Jerusalem artichoke average the biomass on the irrigation fields makes 78.8 t/hec. and on rein fields 47.4 t/hec, and a crop of tubers accordingly 30.63 and 15.73 t/hec. that testifies to efficiency of cultivation sun artichoke in irrigation and rein fields of our republic. The irrigation promote increase of biomass yield of american artichoke on 30.4 t/hec. (64.1 %), yield of tubers – on 14.9 t/hec.( 94.7 %) in comparison with cultivation without irrigation.
Technological methods of improvement of degraded soils under the sowing of legumes and groat cultures of the South Kazakhstan
Authors: E.S. Koybakova , M.G. Mustafayev , B.Sh. Amanbaeva
Published: July 2019

Kazakhstan currently faced with a serious deterioration in the state of natural resources and the environment in all the most important environmental indicators. Almost a third of the agricultural land is now degraded or is seriously threatened, and more than 10 million hectares of potentially arable land in the past has been abandoned. The article presents the results of research to improve the well-being of reclamation of soils of southern Kazakhstan. The studies were conducted in the field and in the lysimeters, with laying of experiments on the introduction of phosphogypsum and deep loosening. The results showed that the most promising is the option with the introduction of 5...7 t/ha of phosphogypsum and deep loosening in which the reduced alkalinity of soils, it improves soil alkalinity magnesium that is reduced magnesium content in the soil, increases the content of non-toxic salts and productivity of legumes. Soil application of phosphogypsum at the rate of 5 t/ha increase the calcium cations in the rooting zone of soils. On one of the variants of the experience as a result of using phosphogypsum norm 5 t/ha calcium content increased on 4.67 times. On option, where they grow soybeans, the calcium content amounted to 0.046 %. The introduction of phosphogypsum reduces the alkalinity of soils and reduces the amount of magnesium and increases the content of non-toxic salts СаЅО4, increases the yield of leguminous and cereal crops. Soybean yield in the control variant was 11.27 kg/ha. Soil application of phosphogypsum at the rate of 5 t/ha increased its yield is 31.4% compared to the control variant, the variant with deep loosening – 15.1 %. In the variant where the soil amended phosphogypsum and the deep tillage, soybean yields by 34.1 % higher than the control variant. Therefore, the proposed techniques improve the soil of magnesium solontsovaya the South of Kazakhstan are promising.
Reengineering of financial and economic service in the organizational structure of management of enterprises of construction industry
Authors: L.Ig. Barsukova
Published: July 2019

The main problems of governance and development trends of organizational structures of management the enterprises of the construction industry. It is noted that the greatest influence on the state of the construction industry providing financial and credit system, which enables the construction of long-term financial resources. Therefore, one of the most important conditions for the sustainable management of construction enterprises is the effective management of its finances. To achieve this requires a clearly structured and established system of financial and economic service of the enterprise with clearly defined centres and areas of responsibility for the economic and financial policies for specific business units of financial and economic service. A model of financial and economic service, which is listed in article advantages, is more resistant to changes in factors internal and external environment of the enterprise. The model has the property of adaptability, which is a necessary condition for the successful functioning of any organizational structure in contemporary business conditions.
Dynamics of superparamagnetic nanoparticle in viscous liquid in rotating magnetic field
Authors: Usov Nikolai A , Rytov Ruslan A , Bautin Vasiliy A
Published: July 2019

The dynamics of magnetic nanoparticle in a viscous liquid in rotating magnetic field has been studied by means of numerical simulation and analytical calculations. In the magneto- dynamics approximation three different modes of motion of the unit magnetization vector and particle director are distinguished depending on the rotating magnetic field frequency and amplitude. The specific absorption rate of a dilute assembly of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in rotating magnetic field is calculated by solving the Landau – Lifshitz stochastic equation for unit magnetization vector and stochastic equation for particle director. At elevated frequencies an optimal range of particle diameters is found where the specific absorption rate of an assembly in rotating magnetic field has a maximum. It is shown that for magnetic hyperthermia in rotating magnetic field it is preferable to use rotating magnetic fields of moderate amplitude, H
0 = 100 Oe, in the frequency range 400-600 kHz.
Constraining Quasar Relativistic Reflection Regions and Spins with Microlensing
Authors: Dai Xinyu , Steele Shaun , Guerras Eduardo , Morgan Christopher W. , Chen Bin
Published: July 2019

We present an analysis of Chandra spectra of five gravitationally lensed active galactic nuclei. We confirm the previous detections of FeKα emission lines in most images of these objects with high significance. The line energies range from 5.8 to 6.8 keV, with widths from unresolved to 0.6 keV, consistent with emission close to spinning black holes viewed at different inclination angles. We also confirm the positive offset from the Iwasawa–Taniguchi effect, the inverse correlation between the FeKα equivalent width (EW) and the X-ray luminosity in active galactic nuclei, where our measured EWs are larger in lensed quasars. We attribute this effect to microlensing, and perform a microlensing likelihood analysis to constrain the emission size of the relativistic reflection region and the spin of supermassive black holes, assuming that the X-ray corona and the reflection region, responsible for the iron emission line, both follow power-law emissivity profiles. The microlensing analysis yields strong constraints on the spin and emissivity index of the reflection component for Q 2237+0305, with a > 0.92 and n > 5.4. For the remaining four targets, we jointly constrain the two parameters, yielding a = 0.8 ± 0.16 and an emissivity index of n = 4.0 ± 0.8, suggesting that the relativistic X-ray reflection region is ultracompact and very close to the innermost stable circular orbits of black holes, which are spinning at close to the maximal value. We successfully constrain the half-light radius of the emission region to <2.4 r

g
(r

g
 = GM/c
2) for Q 2237+0305 and in the range 5.9–7.4 r

g
for the joint sample.
On the Interpretation of Parker Solar Probe Turbulent Signals
Authors: Bourouaine Sofiane , Perez Jean C.
Published: July 2019

In this Letter we propose a practical methodology to interpret future Parker Solar Probe (PSP) turbulent time signals even when Taylor’s hypothesis is not valid. By extending Kraichnan’s sweeping model used in hydrodynamics we derive the Eulerian spacetime correlation function in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. It is shown that in MHD, the temporal decorrelation of small-scale fluctuations arises from a combination of hydrodynamic sweeping induced by large-scale fluid velocity

and by the Alfvénic propagation along the local magnetic field. The resulting temporal part of the spacetime correlation function is used to determine the field-perpendicular wavenumber range

of the turbulent fluctuations that contribute to the power of a given frequency ω of the time signal measured in the spacecraft frame. Our analysis also shows that the shape of frequency power spectrum P
sc(ω) of the time signal will follow the same power law of the reduced power spectrum

in the plasma frame, where α is the spectral index. The proposed framework for the analysis of PSP time signals entirely relies on two simple dimensionless parameters that can be empirically obtained from PSP measurements, namely,

(where V
⊥ is the perpendicular velocity of PSP seen in the plasma frame) and the spectral index α.
Influence of Flavonoids on the Cytotoxic Activity of Mononuclear Blood Cells in Model Tests
Authors: Babaskina Liudmila Ivanovna , Litvinova Tatiana Mikhailovna , Babaskin Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Kiselevsky Mikhail Valentinovich , Savinova Olga Vladimirovna , Winter Elizaveta Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: The spread of phytocomplex application and justification of its selective effects on tumour cells (mainly due to the presence of flavonoids) require research of its cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity.
AIM: The goal was to study the direct cytotoxic effect of the phytocomplex and its modulating effect on the cytotoxic activity of the donor's mononuclear blood cells in in vitro experiments.
METHODS: The phytocomplex was a dry extract from marsh cinquefoil, creeping alfalfa and common hop; its main active ingredients were flavonoids. Transplantable monolayer cultures of lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, erythroblastic leukaemia, and fibroblasts were used as target cells. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using a cytotoxic test based on the selective ability to live cells to reduce MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to formazan in mitochondria. Quantitative determination of formazan was performed using spectrophotometry.
RESULTS: A direct cytotoxic effect of the phytocomplex in concentrations of at least 2.5 mg/ml on tumour cells has been established. Its modulating effect on the cytotoxic activity of mononuclear blood cells at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml was shown. The phytocomplex in doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml increased the killer activity of the mononuclear cells in a diseased person's blood, but did not affect these blood cells in a healthy donor. Incubation of lymphocytes with a phytocomplex for 24 hours increased the cytotoxic activity of mononuclear cells by 20-25%.
CONCLUSION: The direct cytotoxic effect of the phytocomplex and its modulating effect on the cytotoxic activity of mononuclear blood cells in model experiments in vitro have been established.
Predating behavior of the Laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans) on the venomous Amazonian pit viper Bothrops atrox (the use of roads as a prey source)
Authors: Medrano-Vizcaíno Pablo
Published: July 2019

Aspects about the feeding behavior of the Laughing falcon (Herpetotherescachinnans)article remain poorly investigated with scarce reports of identified species ingested by this bird. Worse still, information describing how this bird ingests poisonous snakes is not known. Although this falcon eats snakes, there are no reports of feeding on Bothropsatrox. In this work, I describe this predation event and analyze how roads seem to be a potential hunting strategy that H.cachinnans exploit to prey on snakes.
Towards an Ecological Trait-data Standard Vocabulary
Authors: Schneider Florian , Fichtmüller David , Gossner Martin , Güntsch Anton , Jochum Malte , Koenig-Ries Birgitta , Le Provost Gaëtane , Manning Pete , Ostrowski Andreas , Penone Caterina , Simons Nadja
Published: July 2019

Trait-based research spans from evolutionary studies of individual-level properties to global patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. An increasing number of trait data is available for many different organism groups, published as open access data on a variety of file hosting services. Thus, standardization between datasets is generally lacking due to heterogeneous data formats and types. The compilation of these published data into centralised databases remains a difficult and time-consuming task.

We reviewed existing trait databases and online services, as well as initiatives for trait data standardization. Together with data providers and users participating in a large long-term observation project on multiple taxa and research questions (the Biodiversity Exploratories, www.biodiversity-exploratories.de), we identified a need for a minimal trait-data terminology that is flexible enough to include traits from all types of organisms but simple enough to be adopted by different research communities.

In order to facilitate reproducibility of analyses, the reuse of data and the combination of datasets from multiple sources, we propose a standardized vocabulary for trait data, the Ecological Trait-data Standard Vocabulary (ETS, hosted on GFBio Terminology Service, https://terminologies.gfbio.org/terms/ets/pages), which builds upon and is compatible with existing ontologies. By relying on unambiguous identifiers, the proposed minimal vocabulary for trait data captures the different degrees of resolution and measurement detail for multiple use cases of trait-based research. It further encourages the use of global Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) for taxa and trait definitions, methods and units, thereby readying the data publication for the semantic web. An accompanying R-package (traitdataform) facilitates the upload of data to hosting services but also simplifies the access to published trait data.

While originating from a current need in ecological research, in the next step, the described products are being developed for a seamless fit with broader initiatives on biodiversity data standardisation to foster a better linkage of ecological trait data and global e-infrastructures for biological data. The ETS is maintained and discussion on terms are managed via Github (https://github.com/EcologicalTraitData/ETS).
Beaty Biodiversity Museum Collection and Observation Databases: Towards a single search interface
Authors: Rowswell David , Jennings (Lipsen) Linda , Bailly Nicolas
Published: July 2019

The Beaty Biodiversity Museum (BBM), at the University of British Columbia, houses over two million biological research specimens, with nearly 40% of the specimen records digitized into databases, unlocking a wealth of information for research and teaching (Table 1). However, these collection databases were neither available nor unified for users. Even museum and collections staff could not digitally access each other’s collections. With a total of 6 collections (in different colors in Fig.1) in 13 separate databases in differing stages of development, across several varying interfaces and systems, our goal was to unify the collection databases through the development of a single search interface (Fig. 1).

This was a large collections project with multiple stages of development. Integration of the data was made possible through the efforts of multiple groups to standardize the fields of each database so they conformed to the Darwin Core standard (Group 2009). This mapping of fields allows each of the databases to be displayed and shared in a consistent format. It also simplified the integration of data for popular data aggregators (Canadensys, VertNet, FishNet2, Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria, Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia, and Global Biodiversity Information Facility). When this first step was achieved, many features such as standarized georeferencing, simplified reporting and unified search interfaces could be implemented to aid all users, e.g., curators, museum staff, researchers, and the public. Through this new interface, it is possible to browse the near entirety of every digitized record within the museum with an in-house solution provided by the Beaty Biodiversity Museum.
Visualisation of Taxonomic Knowledge: Exploring and reporting taxonomic data, training students in taxonomy
Authors: Bourgoin Thierry , Vignes Lebbe Régine , Bailly Nicolas
Published: July 2019

Taxon concepts are complex, dynamic representations of the real world that are labelled with scientific names designating them. While names, taxa and classifications should be managed separately in databases (Bourgoin et al. 2019, Gallut et al. 2005), students may have difficulty comprehending the dynamic nature of the link between the three entities because taxa circumscriptions are complex to apprehend through textual representation and because names are independently ruled by nomenclatural codes. Exploring, reporting and training users about taxonomic knowledge are complex challenges that could be alleviated through development of efficient visualization tools.

We propose here a tool that generates a graphical representation visualizing the successive concepts of a taxon accepted as valid with its different names and positions in classifications, including its synonyms, homonyms, chresonyms, and other related taxonomic and nomenclatural issues during its lifetime. This tool has been successfully implemented both in database visualisation and used in training students about taxonomy.

In the database FLOW, Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web, (Bourgoin 2019), the tool creates a graphical translation of the referenced nomenclatural and classificatory story of a taxon such as the one presented in Table 1.

Thanks to a dedicated editor, the textual/html chronological account of the nomenclatural history of the taxon is displayed on the taxon page of the taxon Elicini. A javascript code reinterprets the chronological account displaying the corresponding graphical view as shown in Fig. 1.

The graphic provides a global view of the classification and nomenclatural history of the taxon. Different shapes and colours are associated with the different types of nomenclatural acts or information of both nomenclatural and taxonomic value. The tool is also easily adaptable to any domain dealing with changing knowledge with traceable chronology. This tool has been used successfully in the last several years to better visualize concepts of synomymy, homonymy and chresonymy; and, because it makes the differences between names and taxa, and the importance of contextualizing taxa in classifications, clearly understandable, it has proven particularly useful in training students in taxonomy.
Predicted impacts of transport infrastructure and traffic on bird conservation in Swedish Special Protection Areas
Authors: Helldin Jan Olof
Published: July 2019

The ecological impacts of roads and railways extend into the surrounding landscape, leading to habitat degradation and reduced wildlife densities within an area that is considerably larger than the actual road or railway corridor. For birds, an extensive meta-analysis has identified an average of 20% density reduction within 1 km from the infrastructure. I investigated to what extent this density reduction can be expected to compromise the habitat quality and conservation value of Swedish Natura 2000 areas designated for the protection of birds (Special Protection Areas; SPAs). The majority (63%) of Swedish SPAs are, to some extent, found within this 1 km road/railway effect zone (REZ). The total overlap between SPA and REZ is approximately 126,000 ha or 4.2% of the country’s SPA area. There are, however, large differences amongst bio-geographical regions. In the southern (continental) and coastal regions combined, 25.8% of the total SPA area fall within REZ, representing an estimated 4–7% reduction in bird abundance within SPAs. The probability of overlap with REZ is higher for larger SPAs. However, the proportion of overlap is higher for smaller SPAs and, accordingly, smaller sites can be assumed to experience a greater impact from transport infrastructure and traffic. The impacts on Natura 2000 sites are particularly concerning as this network of protected areas is a cornerstone for maintenance and restoration of biodiversity within the EU. I recommend placing a stronger emphasis in the management of Natura 2000 sites on the threats to wildlife conservation caused by transport infrastructure and traffic. Special attention should be paid to sites with a large overlap with the REZ and sites hosting particularly vulnerable taxa or habitats. Infrastructure owners and managers should make their best efforts to minimise and compensate for the negative impacts of roads and railways and associated traffic in SPAs and other protected areas.