bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable Photochromic Film for Solar Heat and Daylight Management
Authors: Meng Weihao , Kragt Augustinus J. J. , Gao Yingtao , Brembilla Eleonora , Hu Xiaowen , van der Burgt Julia S. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Klein Tillmann , Zhou Guofu , van den Ham Eric R. , Tan Longfei , Li Laifeng , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2023

The adaptive control of sunlight through photochromic smart windows could have a huge impact on the energy efficiency and daylight comfort in buildings. However, the fabrication of inorganic nanoparticle and polymer composite photochromic films with a high contrast ratio and high transparency/low haze remains a challenge. Here, a solution method is presented for the in situ growth of copper‐doped tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in polymethyl methacrylate, which allows a low‐cost preparation of photochromic films with a high luminous transparency (luminous transmittance Tlum = 91%) and scalability (30 × 350 cm2). High modulation of visible light (ΔTlum = 73%) and solar heat (modulation of solar transmittance ΔTsol = 73%, modulation of solar heat gain coefficient ΔSHGC = 0.5) of the film improves the indoor daylight comfort and energy efficiency. Simulation results show that low‐e windows with the photochromic film applied can greatly enhance the energy efficiency and daylight comfort. This photochromic film presents an attractive strategy for achieving more energy‐efficient buildings and carbon neutrality to combat global climate change.
Laser Synthesis of PtMo Single‐Atom Alloy Electrode for Ultralow Voltage Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Yuan Haifeng , Jiang Di , Li Zhimeng , Liu Xiaoyu , Tang Zhenfei , Zhang Xuzihan , Zhao Lili , Huang Man , Liu Hong , Song Kepeng , Zhou Weijia
Published: November 2023

Maximizing atom‐utilization efficiency and high current stability are crucial for the platinum (Pt)‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, the Pt single‐atom anchored molybdenum (Mo) foil (Pt‐SA/Mo‐L) as a single‐atom alloy electrode is synthesized by the laser ablation strategy. The local thermal effect with fast rising–cooling rate of laser can achieve the single‐atom distribution of the precious metals (e.g., Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru) onto the Mo foil. The synthesized self‐standing Pt‐SA/Mo‐L electrode exhibits splendid catalytic activity (31 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and high‐current‐density stability (≈850 mA cm−2 for 50 h) for HER in acidic media. The strong coordination of Pt‐Mo bonding in Pt‐SA/Mo‐L is critical for the efficient and stable HER. In addition, the ultralow electrolytic voltage of 0.598 V to afford the current density of 50 mA cm−2 is realized by utilization of the anodic molybdenum oxidation instead of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here a universal synthetic strategy of single‐atom alloys (PtMo, RhMo, IrMo, and RuMo) as self‐standing electrodes is provided for ultralow voltage and membrane‐free hydrogen production.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission‐Based Macrophage‐Like Nanoparticles for Targeted Photothermal Therapy and Virus Transmission Blockage in Monkeypox
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Wei , Zhao Lu , Li Mengjun , Yan Dingyuan , Li Xiaoxue , Zhang Jie , Gao Qiuxia , Feng Yi , Zheng Judun , Shu Bowen , Yan Yan , Wang Jiamei , Wang Huanhuan , He Lingjie , Wu Yunxia , Zhou Sitong , Qin Xinchi , Chen Wentao , Qiu Kaizhen , Shen Chenguang , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong , Liao Yuhui
Published: November 2023

The recent prevalence of monkeypox has led to the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Monkeypox lesions are typically ulcers or pustules (containing high titers of replication‐competent virus) in the skin and mucous membranes, which allow monkeypox virus to transmit predominantly through intimate contact. Currently, effective clinical treatments for monkeypox are lacking, and strategies for blocking virus transmission are fraught with drawbacks. Herein, this work constructs a biomimetic nanotemplate (termed TBD@M NPs) with macrophage membranes as the coat and polymeric nanoparticles loading a versatile aggregation‐induced emission featured photothermal molecule TPE‐BT‐DPTQ as the core. In a surrogate mouse model of monkeypox (vaccinia‐virus‐infected tail scarification model), intravenously injected TBD@M NPs show precise tracking and near‐infrared region II fluorescence imaging of the lesions. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the virus is eliminated by the photothermal effect and the infected wound heals rapidly. More importantly, the inoculation of treated lesion tissue suspensions does not trigger tail infection or inflammatory activation in healthy mice, indicating successful blockage of virus transmission. This study demonstrates for the first time monkeypox theranostics using nanomedicine, and may bring a new insight into the development of a viable strategy for monkeypox management in clinical trials.
A Machine Learning Study on High Thermal Conductivity Assisted to Discover Chalcogenides with Balanced Infrared Nonlinear Optical Performance
Authors: Wu Qingchen , Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai
Published: November 2023

Exploration of novel nonlinear optical (NLO) chalcogenides with high laser‐induced damage thresholds (LIDT) is critical for mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) solid‐state laser applications. High lattice thermal conductivity (κL) is crucial to increasing LIDT yet often neglected in the search for NLO crystals due to lack of accurate κL data. A machine learning (ML) approach to predict κL for over 6000 chalcogenides is hereby proposed. Combining ML‐generated κL data and first‐principles calculation, a high‐throughput screening route is initiated, and ten new potential mid‐IR NLO chalcogenides with optimal bandgap, NLO coefficients, and thermal conductivity are discovered, in which Li2SiS3 and AlZnGaS4 are highlighted. Big‐data analysis on structural chemistry proves that the chalcogenides having dense and simple lattice structures with low anisotropy, light atoms, and strong covalent bonds are likely to possess higher κL. The four‐coordinated motifs in which central cations show the bond valence sum of +2 to +3 and are from IIIA, IVA, VA, and IIB groups, such as those in diamond‐like defect‐chalcopyrite chalcogenides, are preferred to fulfill the desired structural chemistry conditions for balanced NLO and thermal properties. This work provides not only an efficient strategy but also interpretable research directions in the search for NLO crystals with high thermal conductivity.
Lightweight Nanofiber‐Reinforced Pyrrole‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel for Pressure Sensor and Oil/Water Separation Material
Authors: Qin Zhen , Wang Ziwen , Li Dan , Zhao Biao , Lv Yuhuan , Pan Kai
Published: November 2023

The mechanical brittleness of graphene aerogel becomes the main defect that restrains their multifunctional application due to the strong π–π stacking and Van der Waals forces between graphene nanosheets. Herein, a novel and simple 1D nanofiber‐reinforced 2D pyrrole‐reduced graphene oxide (GO) to construct a 3D graphene aerogel (GA) is developed. The pyrrole effectively reduces GO to graphene and the in situ polymerized polypyrrole (PPy) can improve the conductivity of GA. Benefiting from the synergistic reinforcement of cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun nanofiber and crosslinker PPy on the graphene framework, the lightweight GA exhibits satisfactory mechanical properties. The assembled flexible piezoresistive sensor shows a high sensitivity of 32.39 kPa−1 and a wide detection range of up to 65.3 kPa, which can be able to withstand more than 10 000 loading‐unloading cycles. It has a broad application prospect in human motion and health signal monitoring as a high‐performance wearable pressure sensor. Particularly, the porous GA is also proved to be a high‐efficiency oil/water separation material with a strong adsorption capacity (56.9–115.2 g g−1) for various oils and organic solvents.
Exploiting the donor‐acceptor‐additive interaction's morphological effect on the performance of organic solar cells
Authors: Chen Lu , Ma Ruijie , Yi Jicheng , Dela Peña Top Archie , Li Hongxiang , Wei Qi , Yan Cenqi , Wu Jiaying , Li Mingjie , Cheng Pei , Yan He , Zhang Guangye , Li Gang
Published: November 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have demonstrated over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE) with the help of material innovation and device optimization. Co‐working with newly designed materials, traditional solvent additives, 1‐chloronaphthalene (CN), and 1,8‐diodooctane (DIO) are still powerful in morphology modulation towards satisfying efficiencies. Here, we chose recently reported high‐performance polymer donors (PM6 & D18‐Fu) and small molecular acceptors (Y6 & L8‐BO) as active layer materials and processed them by different conditions (CN or DIO or none). Based on corresponding 12 groups of device results, and their film morphology characterizations (both ex‐situ and in‐situ ones), the property‐performance relationships are revealed case by case. It is thereby supposed to be taken as a successful attempt to demonstrate the importance and complexity of donor‐acceptor‐additive interaction, since the device performance and physics analyses are also tightly combined with morphology variation. Furthermore, ternary blend construction for PCE improvement provides an approaching 19% level and showcases the potential of understanding‐guided‐optimization (UGO) in the future of OSCs.
Si‐Based Dual‐Gate Field‐Effect Transistor Array for Low‐Power On‐Chip Trainable Hardware Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Kyu-Ho , Kwon Dongseok , Lee In-Seok , Hwang Joon , Im Jiseong , Bae Jong-Ho , Choi Woo Young , Woo Sung Yun , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: November 2023

Herein, dual‐gate field‐effect transistors (DG FETs) fabricated on Si substrate and a corresponding NOR‐type array designed for low‐power on‐chip trainable hardware neural networks (HNNs) are presented. The fabricated DG FET exhibits notable endurance characteristics, with the subthreshold swing remaining consistently within a 2.45% range of change and ΔVthper cycle maintaining stability at 4.5% over repetitive program and erase operations, up to 104cycles. Furthermore, a multilevel characteristic is achieved through low‐power program/erase operations based on Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling, which exhibit 0.09 and 0.99 fJ per spike, respectively. These characteristics provide the HNN stability, along with high performance and power efficiency. The NOR‐type array in this work demonstrates selective update and bidirectional vector‐by‐matrix multiplication capabilities. This enables on‐chip training based on a gradient descent algorithm, without the need for an additional array for backpropagation. Subsequently, a simulation of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology classification is conducted to evaluate the accuracy and training power consumption of the proposed device in comparison to other two‐terminal memristor devices. The results show that the DG FET array achieves superior accuracy while maintaining over 180.4 times higher energy efficiency, demonstrating the potential of the DG FET as a promising candidate for low‐power HNN applications.
Allylation of C‐, N‐, and O‐Nucleophiles via a Mechanochemically‐Driven Tsuji–Trost Reaction Suitable for Late‐Stage Modification of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Templ Johanna , Schnürch Michael
Published: November 2023

We present the first solvent‐free, mechanochemical protocol for a palladium‐catalyzed Tsuji–Trost allylation. This approach features exceptionally low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %), short reaction times (<90 min), and a simple setup, eliminating the need for air or moisture precautions, making the process highly efficient and environmentally benign. We introduce solid, nontoxic, and easy‐to‐handle allyl trimethylammonium salts as valuable alternative to volatile or hazardous reagents. Our approach enables the allylation of various O‐, N‐, and C‐nucleophiles in yields up to 99 % even for structurally complex bioactive compounds, owing to its mild conditions and exceptional functional group tolerance.
Ultrashort Phase‐Matching Wavelength and Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation in Deep‐UV‐Transparent Oxyfluorides by Covalency Reduction
Authors: Hu Yilei , Wu Chao , Jiang Xingxing , Duanmu Kaining , Huang Zhipeng , Lin Zheshuai , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: November 2023

The development of urgently‐needed ultraviolet (UV)/deep‐UV nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been hindered by contradictory requirements of the microstructure, in particular the need for a strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response as well as a short phase‐matching (PM) wavelength. We herein employ a “de‐covalency” band gap engineering strategy to adjust the optical linearity and nonlinearity. This has been achieved by assembling two types of transition‐metal (TM) polyhedra ([TaO2F4] and [TaF7]), affording the first tantalum‐based deep‐UV‐transparent NLO materials, A5Ta3OF18 (A = K (KTOF), Rb (RTOF)). Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the highly ionic bonds and strong electropositivity of tantalum in the two oxyfluorides induce record short PM wavelengths (238 (KTOF) and 240 (RTOF) nm) for d0‐TM‐centered oxides, in addition to strong SHG responses (2.8 × KH2PO4 (KTOF) and 2.6 × KH2PO4 (RTOF)), and sufficient birefringences (0.092 (KTOF) and 0.085 (RTOF) at 546 nm). These results not only broaden the available strategies for achieving deep‐UV NLO materials by exploiting the currently neglected d0‐TMs, but also push the shortest PM wavelength into the short‐wavelength UV region.
Dual Catalysis of Gold Nanoclusters: Photocatalytic Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling by Cooperation of Superatomic Core and Molecularly Modified Staples**
Authors: Isozaki Katsuhiro , Iseri Kenta , Saito Ryohei , Ueda Kyosuke , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: November 2023

Thiolate‐protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have attracted significant attention as nano‐catalysts, revealing a superatomic core and gold‐thiolate staples as distinct structural units. Here, we demonstrate the unprecedented dual catalytic activity of thiolate‐protected [Au25(SR)18]− nanoclusters, involving both photosensitized 1O2 generation by the Au13 superatomic core and catalytic carbon‐carbon bond formation facilitated by Au2(SR)3 staples. This synergistic combination of two different catalytic units enables efficient cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of terminal alkynes and tertiary aliphatic amines to afford propargylamines in high yields of up to 93 %. Mixed‐ligand AuNCs bearing both thiolate and alkynyl ligands revealed the intermediacy of the alkynyl‐exchanged AuNCs toward both photosensitization and C−C bond‐forming catalytic cycles. Density functional theory calculations also supported the intermediacy of the alkynyl‐exchanged AuNCs. Thus, the use of ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters has enabled the development of an exceptional multifunctional catalyst, wherein distinct nanocluster components facilitate cooperative photo‐ and chemo‐catalysis.
Increasing Reduction Potentials of Type 1 Copper Center and Catalytic Efficiency of Small Laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor through Secondary Coordination Sphere Mutations
Authors: Wang Jing‐Xiang , Vilbert Avery C. , Cui Chang , Mirts Evan N. , Williams Lucas H. , Kim Wantae , Jessie Zhang Y. , Lu Yi
Published: November 2023

The key to type 1 copper (T1Cu) function lies in the fine tuning of the CuII/I reduction potential (E°′T1Cu) to match those of its redox partners, enabling efficient electron transfer in a wide range of biological systems. While the secondary coordination sphere (SCS) effects have been used to tune E°′T1Cu in azurin over a wide range, these principles are yet to be generalized to other T1Cu‐containing proteins to tune catalytic properties. To this end, we have examined the effects of Y229F, V290N and S292F mutations around the T1Cu of small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor to match the high E°′T1Cu of fungal laccases. Using ultraviolet‐visible absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, together with X‐ray crystallography and redox titrations, we have probed the influence of SCS mutations on the T1Cu and corresponding E°′T1Cu. While minimal and small E°′T1Cu increases are observed in Y229F‐ and S292F‐SLAC, the V290N mutant exhibits a major E°′T1Cu increase. Moreover, the influence of these mutations on E°′T1Cu is additive, culminating in a triple mutant Y229F/V290N/S292F‐SLAC with the highest E°′T1Cu of 556 mV vs. SHE reported to date. Further activity assays indicate that all mutants retain oxygen reduction reaction activity, and display improved catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM) relative to WT‐SLAC.
In Situ Photoisomerization of an Azobenzene‐Based Triple Helicate with a Prolonged Thermal Relaxation Time
Authors: Zhu Jiajia , Sun Xiao‐Wen , Yang Xintong , Yu Shu‐Na , Liang Lin , Chen Ya‐Zhi , Zheng Xiaoyan , Yu Meng , Yan Li , Tang Juan , Zhao Wei , Yang Xiao‐Juan , Wu Biao
Published: November 2023

The phosphate‐coordination triple helicates A2L3 (A=anion) with azobenzene‐spaced bis‐bis(urea) ligands (L) have proven to undergo a rare in situ photoisomerization (without disassembly of the structure) rather than the typically known, stepwise “disassembly‐isomerization‐reassembly” process. This is enabled by the structural self‐adaptability of the “aniono” assembly arising from multiple relatively weak and flexible hydrogen bonds between the phosphate anion and bis(urea) units. Notably, the Z→E thermal relaxation rate of the isomerized azobenzene unit is significantly decreased (up to 20‐fold) for the triple helicates compared to the free ligands. Moreover, the binding of chiral guest cations inside the cavity of the Z‐isomerized triple helicate can induce optically pure diastereomers, thus demonstrating a new strategy for making light‐activated chiroptical materials.
Fabrication of nano calcium fluoride impregnated organic polyester alkyd coating for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications
Authors: Benitha V. S. , Jeyasubramanian K. , Vijayakumari B. , Prabhin V. S.
Published: November 2023

The advent of organic polyester alkyd resin has revolutionized the coating industry due to its good adherence to any substrate, high gloss, and greater drying speed. This work deals with the characterization of nano calcium fluoride (CaF2 Nps) incorporated polyester alkyd coating for efficient multifunctional coating applications. The CaF2 Nps are prepared by employing a facile co‐precipitation process. The prepared particles are characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze their size and morphology. By employing the ball milling technique, the CaF2 Nps along with other additives are mixed with alkyd resin to form a coating. The spreading ability, volatile and non‐volatile content, surface roughness, and coating thickness are evaluated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is estimated by the turbidimetric assay method against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria strains. Since these pigments hold very good antibacterial properties, the CaF2 are impregnated in alkyd resin coating, in which CaF2 nanoparticles are used as pigments. To reduce the nosocomial infection spreading in the hospital environment the formulated paint is analyzed for its antibacterial and anticorrosive studies. The current study confirmed CaF2 impregnated organic alkyd resin coating possesses promising comparable properties which would be a good choice for coatings, addressing multifunctional properties.
Under whose wings? A conceptual model for incorporating historical sovereignty information in biodiversity data
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Yun
Published: November 2023

Linking historical and contemporary geographic information in biodiversity data is a useful approach to approximate species population. However, one of the prominent factors that causes ambiguity in geographic information, and hinders the linking process, is the way sovereignty information is used. While historical biodiversity records often use sovereignties as proxies for geographic information about a species, contemporary records do not. This study proposes a conceptual model that incorporates sovereignty information in biodiversity data to foster the linkage between historical and contemporary geographical information. The model comprises two phases: the first phase relates tangible data sources and core components needed to construct historical sovereignty taxonomies; and the second phase is a process model to align historical sovereignty taxonomies with contemporary taxonomies in four phases. The output of the model presents all possible sovereignties that a geographic entity belongs to based on the degree of congruence between the historical and contemporary taxonomies. The contributions of this work are threefold: (1) making all possible ambiguities in historical geographic information explicit in biodiversity data; (2) bringing attention to the modeling choices that domain experts have to make when deciding which sovereignty a place name belongs to; and (3) extending and improving current geo‐referencing practices.
Converting coconut meal into biothermoplastics for industrial applications
Authors: Reddy Narendra , Guna Vijaykumar , GS Nagananda , Muppuri Supritha , Aramwit Pornanong
Published: November 2023

We present a simple approach to convert coconut (copra) oil cake into biothermoplastics with properties that are suitable for replacing synthetic polymer‐based plastics in current use. About 1.9 million tons of copra meal are generated ever year as coproducts and are available at $0.50–$0.60 per kilogram, making it a renewable, sustainable and low‐cost raw material. Despite containing proteins, carbohydrates and oil, there are limited non‐food applications of oil meals since most oil meals are typically non‐thermoplastic and hence difficult to be processed into bioproducts. In this study, we report the processing of copra meal into biothermoplastics in the presence of various plasticizers, heat and pressure. Compression molded films and bioproducts were developed from copra meal by heating at 130°C in the presence of glycerol, coconut oil or cashew shell oil as plasticizer. The films obtained had tensile strength of up to 4.4 MPa and were inherently stable in water. A one‐step crosslinking with citric acid was done to further improve the strength and stability of the films. With large availability at low cost, copra meal provides an opportunity to develop low‐cost, biodegradable, edible and innovative bioproducts that have the potential to replace the synthetic polymer‐based plastics in current use, particularly single‐use plastics.
Implementing skill‐based treatment within a classroom setting for an adolescent with autism
Authors: Cervi Rebecca , Gruber Deborah J. , Napolitano Deborah A.
Published: November 2023

Research exists to support the efficacy of the Interview‐Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis (IISCA) and skill‐based treatment (SBT) to address problem behavior within a clinical setting. However, limited research is available to support their use in a classroom setting and especially as a tool to avoid the display of problem behavior altogether. In the current study, the IISCA, informed by an open‐ended interview, was conducted with a single participant in the classroom after a prolonged absence from school due to COVID‐19. Results of the IISCA were used to determine the multiple contingencies that were likely to evoke problem behavior upon re‐introduction of academic task demands. A skill‐based treatment was then developed based on these contingencies, which involved teaching the participant functional communication, delay tolerance, and following academic instruction in relevant contexts. After 25 treatment sessions, the participant had acquired and maintained all of these skills, including the ability to functionally communicate, tolerate removal of preferred items, and follow educational instructions within the typical classroom routine. This study shows the applicability of the IISCA and SBT when implemented within the classroom setting and when used to reintroduce educational instruction to an individual with autism after a prolonged break from school.
Synthesis and application of hypochlorite mediated acylhydrazone fluorescence probes
Authors: Zhang Chenglu , Li Xiangling , Wang Yiming , Nie Shiru , Liu Chang
Published: November 2023

Hypochlorous acid (HClO/ClO−) is one of the important reactive oxygen species (ROS). It acts as a second signaling molecule within and between cells and is an indispensable active molecule in living organisms to regulate physiological and pathological processes. In this article, two fluorescent probes (PTF and PTA) for highly selective fluorescent recognition of ClO− were successfully synthesized based on the ICT mechanism by condensing phenothiazines with two hydrazides via the hydrazide structure (). PTF can identify different concentrations of ClO− in two steps. Due to its ClO− two site recognition, the probe exhibited good selectivity (specific recognition of ClO− over a wide concentration range), a fast time response (rapid recognition in seconds), a sufficiently low detection limit (3.6 and 11.0 nM), and large Stokes shifts (180 and 145 nm). Furthermore, the recognition of ClO− by contrasting probes with different substituents exhibited different fluorescence changes of ratiometric type and turn‐off. PTF successfully achieves the detection of exogenous and endogenous ClO− in aqueous solution and living cells.
Validation of the online version of the sharenting evaluation scale (SES) in Iranian parents: Psychometric properties and concurrent validity
Authors: Peimanpak Faezeh , Abdollahi Abbas , Allen Kelly A. , Rakhmatova Feruza Abulkosimovna , Aladini Alaa , Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud , Brewer Jocelyn
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study examines the psychometric properties of the online version of the sharenting evaluation scale (SES) with a sample of Iranian parents.

Methods

A sample population of 240 parents (25% fathers and 75% mothers) with an average age of 39.63 (standard deviation = 10.41) were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the Persian version of the SES online.

Results

Findings showed that concurrent validity of the SES with social comparison and social well being was within the acceptable range. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the SES was 0.92, and for the subscales of self‐control, social behavior, and implications were, respectively, 0.84, 0.71, and 0.70, which indicated good internal consistency between the items. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the Persian version of this scale same as the English version. The Persian version of the SES demonstrated psychometric properties of validity and reliability within the acceptable range (α = .70 and .84). In the present study, the results of convergent validity showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between sharing and constructs, such as social comparison, self‐control, implications, and social behaviors, but no significant relationship was found between social well being and sharing.

Conclusions

Persian version of the SES is a suitable scale to measure the degree to which parents share their children's sensitive content on the Internet and social media.
The mitotic cell cycle‐associated nomogram predicts overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Xu , Zhou Huafu , Huang Qianyu , Li Yue
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) associated with mitotic cell cycle. The model will predict the probability of survival at different time points and serve as a reference tool to evaluate the effectiveness of LUAD treatment.

Methods

A cohort of 442 patients with LUAD from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was randomly divided into a training group (n = 299) and a validation group (n = 99). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)‐COX algorithm was used to reduce the number of predictors based on the clinicopathological and RNA sequencing data to establish mutant characteristics that could predict patient survival. Additionally, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analyses were conducted on the mutant characteristics. The performance of the developed nomogram was evaluated using calibration curves and the C‐index.

Results

The mutant characteristics had prognostic value for LUAD and acted as an independent prognostic factor. The mutant characteristics profile derived from the LASSO‐COX algorithm demonstrated a significant association with overall survival in patients with LUAD. Functional annotation based on the mutant score, its involvement in the phase transition of the mitotic cell cycle, and its regulatory processes. The nomogram, which combined the mutant score with clinical factors associated with prognosis, showed robust accuracy in both the training and validation groups.

Conclusion

This study presents the first individualized model that establishes a mutant score for predicting survival in LUAD. This model can be used as a predictive tool for determining 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival probabilities in patients with LUAD.
The impact of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in conjunction with chemotherapy on proximal pT3N0 rectal cancer patients after total mesorectum excision
Authors: Fang Chuan‐Yin , Chen Hsuan‐Yu , Yang Hsin‐Yi , Tsang Yuk‐Wah , Lee Cheng‐Yen , Chang Chih‐Chia , Lin I‐Chen , Huang Yun‐Jhong , Chu Chun‐Ting , Wang Yu‐Wen
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to ascertain if the incorporation of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with chemotherapy (CTx) offered any advantages for patients diagnosed with stage pT3N0 rectal cancer located in the proximal (upper) region following a complete total mesorectum excision (TME).

Methods

We retrospectively examined medical records of stage II/III rectal cancer patients who had undergone CTx or concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) with IMRT after a successful TME. We juxtaposed a variety of survival outcomes across two patient cohorts. Each outcome was further classified according to Gunderson's risk stratification between proximal and distal (middle and low) rectal cancer patients, and we evaluated the factors associated with each outcome.

Results

The median follow‐up duration was 4.9 years. Our research comprised 236 rectal adenocarcinoma patients treated at our institution between 2007 and 2019. They received either the CTx (n = 135) or the CCRT (n = 101) with 10‐year locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRRFS) of 90.1% and 96.1%, respectively (p = 0.163). However, after performing multivariate adjustments, a pattern emerged hinting at a better LRRFS for the CCRT group (p = 0.052). Perforation had a strong correlation with locoregional recurrence. No significant differences were observed in other survival between the two treatment arms and their respective subgroups. The CCRT group witnessed significantly higher immediate and chronic complications with p = 0.007 and 0.009, respectively. The CCRT group had two secondary cancer‐related fatalities (2%, one attributed to IMRT), and another reported by the CTx group (1%). The sole classified locoregional recurrence within the cohort of 37 individuals treated with CTx for proximal pT3N0 rectal cancer was, in fact, the development of sigmoid colon cancer.

Conclusion

The results suggest that for patients with proximal pT3N0 rectal cancer post‐TME, IMRT is better when not combined with CTx, except in highly perilous scenarios or those involving perforation.
A realist evaluation of an enhanced court‐based liaison and diversion service for defendants with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Chaplin Eddie , McCarthy Jane , Marshall‐Tate Karina , Ali Salma , Harvey Denise , Childs Jessica , Xenitidis Kiriakos , Srivastava Samir , McKinnon Iain , Robinson Louise , Allely Clare S. , Hardy Sally , Forrester Andrew
Published: November 2023

Background

In England, court‐based mental health liaison and diversion (L&D) services work across courts and police stations to support those with severe mental illness and other vulnerabilities. However, the evidence around how such services support those with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) is limited.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate, through the lens of court and clinical staff, the introduction of a L&D service for defendants with NDs, designed to complement the existing L&D service.

Methods

A realist evaluation was undertaken involving multiple agencies based within an inner‐city Magistrates' Court in London, England. We developed a logic model based on the initial programme theory focusing on component parts of the new enhanced service, specifically training, screening, signposting and interventions. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with the court staff, judiciary and clinicians from the L&D service.

Results

The L&D service for defendants with NDs was successful in identifying and supporting the needs of those defendants. Benefits of this service included knowledge sharing, awareness raising and promoting good practice such as making reasonable adjustments. However, there were challenges for the court practitioners and clinicians in finding and accessing local specialist community services.

Conclusion

A L&D service developed for defendants with NDs is feasible and beneficial to staff and clinicians who worked in the court setting leading to good practice being in place for the defendants. Going forward, a local care pathway would need to be agreed between commissioners and stakeholders including the judiciary to ensure timely and equitable access to local services by both defendants and practitioners working across diversion services for individuals with NDs.
Reductive Release from a Hybrid PKS‐NRPS during the Biosynthesis of Pyrichalasin H
Authors: Heinemann Henrike , Zhang Haili , Cox Russell J.
Published: November 2023

Three central steps during the biosynthesis of cytochalasan precursors, including reductive release, Knoevenagel cyclisation and Diels Alder cyclisation are not yet understood at a detailed molecular level. In this work we investigated the reductive release step catalysed by a hybrid polyketide synthase non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS‐NRPS) from the pyrichalasin H pathway. Synthetic thiolesters were used as substrate mimics for in vitro studies with the isolated reduction (R) and holo‐thiolation (T) domains of the PKS‐NRPS hybrid PyiS. These assays demonstrate that the PyiS R‐domain mainly catalyses an NADPH‐dependent reductive release of an aldehyde intermediate that quickly undergoes spontaneous Knoevenagel cyclisation. The R‐domain can only process substrates that are covalently bound to the phosphopantetheine thiol of the upstream T‐domain, but it shows little selectivity for the polyketide.
Organophotocatalyzed Alkyl/Arylsulfonylation of Vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Chandu Palasetty , Mallick Manasi , Srinivasu Vinjamuri , Sureshkumar Devarajulu
Published: November 2023

Allyl sulfones are an essential pharmacophore in many bioactive compounds. To combat their synthetic barrier, we report a practical, straightforward organophotocatalyzed methodology for accessing miscellaneously functionalized allyl sulfone derivatives using inexpensive and bench‐stable sodium sulfinate salts under mild conditions. This photo‐catalyzed radical sulfonylation provides access to a variety of allyl sulfones in good to excellent yields with high E : Z selectivity. A wide range of vinyl cyclopropanes, as well as aryl/hetero and alkyl sodium sulfinates, were tolerated and reliable in gram‐scale synthesis. Later on, further functionalization of allyl sulfones was demonstrated. A plausible mechanism for radical sulfonylation is proposed from the control experiments.
Effects of the Carbon Support on Heterogeneous Molecular Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Yang Shucheng , Zhou Zihe , Wei Lixin , Li Siqi , Liu Song
Published: November 2023

Molecular catalysts stabilized on a support material, also called heterogeneous molecular catalysts, exhibit excellent performance in carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Different support in these electrocatalysts can have a substantial influence on the activity, making support control one tool to enhance the CO2RR performance. However, a systematic understanding of the support effects is lacking. Taking cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) immobilized onto different carbon materials as examples, we demonstrate that the surface area, pore structure and the morphology of the as‐prepared heterogeneous molecular catalysts can influence the CO2 transfer and adsorption, and then change the CO2RR activity. In contrast to the other four materials, CoPc/mesoporous carbon (MC) can efficiently convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide at minimal overpotential (−0.8 V vs. RHE) due to its special nanostructure and pore distribution. The results of this study suggest that the performance of electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide can be improved by changing different substrates.
Does green technology innovation benefit corporate financial performance? Investigating the moderating effect of media coverage
Authors: Qing Lingli , Alnafrah Ibrahim , Dagestani Abd Alwahed
Published: November 2023

The premise of being “green” is often perceived as socially beneficial, yet its financial implications remain uncertain. To address this gap, we examine the complex relationship between green technology innovations (GTIs) and corporate financial performance (CFP) in the semiconductor industry. Our research revealed a crucial distinction between the two types of GTIs: proactive and reactive. Proactive GTIs have emerged as strong drivers of positive impact on CFP, positioning themselves as attractive and financially beneficial investments. Conversely, reactive GTIs negatively influence a firm's financial performance, raising questions about its long‐term viability. Additionally, our research goes beyond this core relationship to explore the moderating influence of media coverage on GTI–CFP dynamics by focusing on both print and new media. Interestingly, print media amplifies the favorable connection between GTIs and CFP, suggesting its role in shaping perceptions and stakeholder engagement. Surprisingly, new media weakens this connection, highlighting the complex interplay between digital platforms and CFP. Moreover, our study highlights the fact that the impact of GTIs and media coverage on CFP is particularly pronounced among smaller companies, thereby offering strategic insights for firms of varying sizes. These nuanced findings contribute substantially to our understanding of GTI adoption and the role of media in informal environmental regulation, ultimately providing valuable guidance for semiconductor companies and investors navigating the “green” landscape.
A study on MMG sensor using piezoelectric polymer nanofibers by electrospinning
Authors: Abe Rintaro , Yasuda Koa , Kanda Takefumi , Wakimoto Shuichi , Oka Hisao
Published: November 2023

In the fields of medical and sports science, it is required to evaluate muscle activity qualitatively and quantitatively. Currently, mechanomyogram (MMG) that can reflect the mechanical activity of muscle fibers is attracting attention. The purpose of this study is to develop a sensor that can measure MMG during exercise. In this study, a small and flexible MMG sensor using P(VDF/TrFE), which is a piezoelectric polymer material, spun into nanofibers by the electrospinning method has been fabricated and evaluated. By the fabricated electrospinning equipment and the obtained fabrication conditions of the nanofibers MMG sensor has been fabricated by using piezoelectric polymer fibers. By using nanofiber nonwoven fabric for the sensor element, the flexible sensor has been realized. In a sound wave reception experiment assuming MMG measurement, the P(VDF/TrFE) nonwoven fabric element showed that the element detected the sound pressure. Additionally, MMG during isometric contraction and pedaling motion has been measured using the fabricated sensor. The results show that the proposed sensor is effective for measuring MMG during exercise.
Hurricane disturbance drives trophic changes in neotropical mountain stream food webs
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Fonseca Pablo E. , Pringle Catherine M. , Ramírez Alonso , Gómez Jesús E. , García Pavel
Published: November 2023

Food webs are complex ecological networks that reveal species interactions and energy flow in ecosystems. Prevailing ecological knowledge on forested streams suggests that their food webs are based on allochthonous carbon, driven by a constant supply of organic matter from adjacent vegetation and limited primary production due to low light conditions. Extreme climatic disturbances can disrupt these natural ecosystem dynamics by altering resource availability, which leads to changes in food web structure and functioning. Here, we quantify the response of stream food webs to two major hurricanes (Irma and María, Category 5 and 4, respectively) that struck Puerto Rico in September 2017. Within two tropical forested streams (first and second order), we collected ecosystem and food web data 6 months prior to the hurricanes and 2, 9, and 18 months afterward. We assessed the structural (e.g., canopy) and hydrological (e.g., discharge) characteristics of the ecosystem and monitored changes in basal resources (i.e., algae, biofilm, and leaf litter), consumers (e.g., aquatic invertebrates, riparian consumers), and applied Layman's community‐wide metrics using the isotopic composition of 13C and 15N. Continuous stream discharge measurements indicated that the hurricanes did not cause an extreme hydrological event. However, the sixfold increase in canopy openness and associated changes in litter input appeared to trigger an increase in primary production. These food webs were primarily based on terrestrially derived carbon before the hurricanes, but most taxa (including Atya and Xiphocaris shrimp, the consumers with highest biomass) shifted their food source to autochthonous carbon within 2 months of the hurricanes. We also found evidence that the hurricanes dramatically altered the structure of the food web, resulting in shorter (i.e., smaller food‐chain length), narrower (i.e., lower diversity of carbon sources) food webs, as well as increased trophic species packing. This study demonstrates how hurricane disturbance can alter stream food webs, changing the trophic base from allochthonous to autochthonous resources via changes in the physical environment (i.e., canopy defoliation). As hurricanes become more frequent and severe due to climate change, our findings greatly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forested stream trophic interactions amidst global change.
Morphological evolution of a complex drift‐aligned prograded barrier
Authors: Carvalho Rafael Cabral , Mueller Daniela , Reef Ruth
Published: November 2023

Prograded barriers are coastal landforms with a worldwide distribution that provide a paleoenvironmental record within a sequence of successive ridges and intervening swales. Most barriers with variable terrestrial morphologies, also known as complex barriers, have been poorly studied. At the main entrance of Western Port, a bay in southeastern Australia, a morphologically complex barrier was formed as a function of its somewhat sheltered position and orientation in relation to sporadic swells and tidal circulation. LiDAR‐derived topography shows highly truncated and asymmetrical ridges both across and along the Somers–Sandy Point barrier plain. These uncommon morphologies are associated with an intricate hydrodynamic circulation subject to sporadic storms approaching at a sharp angle to the shoreline that eliminate a significant part of the sedimentary record but also redistribute vast quantities of sand to the downdrift shoreline, and a large and variable sandy bank that undergoes intense sediment movement. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating within a limited area on the western side revealed an age of ~2600 years for the innermost dated ridge, located about halfway across the plain. Significant erosion of the ridges' record occurred on the western side of the barrier between 2600 and 700 years ago and between 600 and 240 years ago, whereas undated ridges on the eastern side were preserved. This creates an opportunity for future research on past erosional events that would be of great value for coastal management and adaptation. Textural and elemental (XRF) sediment characteristics suggest that the type of material provided for barrier accretion remained the same throughout the late Holocene. Given the sustained growth of the barrier and other sandy parts of the bay, a net supply of marine sand from Bass Strait must have occurred. The proposed evolutionary model contributes to the understanding of the sediment budget for the bay as a whole.
Revisiting the puzzle of jumps in volatility forecasting: The new insights of high‐frequency jump intensity
Authors: Qu Hui , Wang Tianyang , Shangguan Peng , He Mengying
Published: November 2023

Motivated by the puzzling null impact of high‐frequency‐based jumps on future volatility, this paper exploits the rich information content in high‐frequency jump intensity with a mark structure under the heterogeneous autoregressive framework. Our proposed model shows that harnessing jump intensity information from the marked Hawkes process leads to significantly superior in‐sample fit and out‐of‐sample forecasting accuracy. In addition to statistical significance evidence, we also illustrate the economic significance in terms of trading efficiency. Our findings hold for a variety of competing models and under different market conditions, underlying the robustness of our results.
Hedging pressure and oil volatility: Insurance versus liquidity demands
Authors: Nikitopoulos Christina Sklibosios , Thomas Alice Carole , Wang Jianxin
Published: November 2023

This study evaluates the dual role of hedging pressure (HP) in oil futures markets and analyses its effects on weekly oil volatility. We find that HP driven by hedgers' insurance demands is negatively related to volatility, while HP driven by speculators' short‐term liquidity demands is positively related to volatility. Oil volatility tends to be more responsive to speculators' short‐term liquidity demands than variations induced by hedgers' insurance demands. These channels are also significant determinants of volatility in inverted and normal markets, with the effects being more pronounced in inverted markets. Under low financial and business‐cycle risk environments, the two HP channels typically have a measurable impact on volatility. These opposing effects of HP on weekly volatility provide empirical support on the significance of the dual role of hedgers in oil markets, as price insurance seekers and as short‐term liquidity providers.
A tale of two contracts: Was the SHFE copper futures market disrupted by the listing of INE bonded copper futures?
Authors: Xiong Tao , Li Miao
Published: November 2023

Leveraging tick‐by‐tick data, this study provides the first analysis of Shanghai International Energy Exchange (INE) bonded copper futures' performance in market quality and price discovery. In particular, we investigate the effects of the market opening (listing of INE bonded copper futures) on Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) copper futures' market quality and price discovery. Our results show that the market quality and price discovery of INE bonded copper futures in the first year of the listing is not promising. Our synthetic control method results suggest that market openness does not significantly reduce SHFE copper futures' market quality in terms of activity, liquidity, and volatility. Moreover, market openness does not significantly reduce the SHFE copper futures' price discovery effectiveness. Overall, the performance of new INE bonded copper futures needs improvement, while its listing did not disrupt SHFE copper futures. Our results suggest that a dual‐contract mode is an alternative option for internationalization in China's commodity futures markets.