bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larger reductions in blood pressure during post‐exercise standing, but not middle cerebral artery blood velocity, in resistance‐trained versus untrained individuals
Authors: Korad Stephanie , Mündel Toby , Perry Blake G.
Published: December 2024

Dynamic resistance exercise (RE) produces sinusoidal fluctuations in blood pressure, with hypotension and cerebral hypoperfusion commonly observed immediately following RE. Whether the cerebral vasculature adapts to these regular blood pressure challenges is unclear. This study examined the cerebrovascular response to post‐dynamic RE orthostasis. RE‐trained (n = 15, female = 4) and healthy untrained individuals (n = 15, female = 12) completed five stands: one after seated rest, with each of the subsequent four stands occurring immediately following a set of 10 repetitions of unilateral leg extension exercise at 60% of their one repetition maximum. Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure, mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide were measured throughout. During standing the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and MCAvmean nadirs were identified. There was no difference between groups for age (mean ± SD, 26 ± 7 RE‐trained vs. 25 ± 6 years untrained, P = 0.683) or weight (78 ± 15 vs. 71 ± 15 kg, P = 0.683). At MAP nadir during the post‐exercise stand, a greater reduction in MAP was observed in the RE‐trained group (e.g., set 4, −45 ± 11 vs. −36 ± 6 mmHg, training effect P = 0.026). However, post‐exercise stand MCAvmean at MCAvmean nadir was not different (e.g., set 4, −20 ± 7 vs. −17 ± 6 cm/s, interaction effect P = 0.478). Rate of regulation was higher in the RE‐trained group (set 1, 0.301 ± 0.170 vs. 0.167 ± 0.009, training effect P = 0.023). Despite RE‐trained individuals demonstrating greater absolute reductions in MAP during orthostasis following RE, there were no differences in MCAvmean, suggesting that habitual RE may mitigate post‐exercise cerebral hypoperfusion.
‘Making abortion safe’: abortion and post-abortion care providers’ experiences of stigma in Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Sierra Leone and Nigeria
Authors: Bright Suzanna , Parnham Emma , Blaylock Rebecca , Bury Louise , Okonofua Friday , Mukwambo Sunhurai , Nyakanda Munyaradzi , Sebazungu Theodomir , Akaba Godwin , Hoggart Lesley
Published: December 2024

Background

Social stigma and the marginalisation of abortion care within medical settings can negatively affect abortion providers. While some research has evaluated stigma interventions in legally restrictive settings, little work has explored the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) providing abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) outside the USA. This study, part of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists’ ‘Making Abortion Safe’ programme, aimed to understand providers’ experiences of abortion stigma in four African countries with restrictive legislation.

Methods

In-depth interviews with 44 abortion and PAC providers were conducted in Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe.

Results

Four themes emerged: personal and professional effects of stigma, multiple manifestations of stigma, driving forces of stigma, and positivity and resilience. Stigma affects providers' professional identity, community belonging and relationships. Restrictive legal frameworks are the main driver of abortion stigma, operating at multiple levels that reinforce each other. The legal status of abortion labels it as ‘dirty work’, conflicting with healthcare principles. Judgmental attitudes from other HCPs negatively impact providers’ well-being and care quality. However, providers showed resilience through professional and personal commitment, and the belief in ‘doing the right thing’ helped them resist stigma.

Conclusions

Legal changes are crucial for increasing access and reducing stigma among the workforce. In these countries, providers face challenges in offering legal healthcare. Organisational interventions are needed to address stigmatising values and create positive workplaces. Ongoing support is essential for HCPs to remain resilient against abortion stigma, helping to normalise abortion care and those who provide it.
New wearable cardiac acoustic monitoring technology for evaluation of subclinical leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Liu Ran , Fu Zhaolin , Yan Yunfeng , Xie Meng , Li Yang , Yao Jing , Yan Xiaowei , Lu Zhinan , Zhang Chun , Xu Lei , Song Guangyuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) is a common complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Multidimensional CT (MDCT) is the main imaging mortality for the diagnosis of SLT but it enhances the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Our study aimed to use an innovative wearable acoustic cardiography (ACG) device to diagnose SLT as an alternative option.

Methods

This prospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent successful TAVR. We collected and analysed clinical data including ACG measurements and imaging results. Discrimination capability analysis (ie, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity) of a composite feature from ACG readings in predicting SLT during follow-up was performed. Based on the severity of SLT, patients were categorised into three groups: Group 1 (no SLT), Group 2 (mild SLT) and Group 3 (moderate-to-severe SLT).

Results

116 patients consented and enrolled in the study. At the 1-month follow-up, MDCT revealed a 25% prevalence of SLT with 11.2% classified as moderate-to-severe. ACG analysis revealed distinctive patterns of early systolic, baseless and high-energy murmurs exclusively in patients in Group 3 but not in group 2. The diagnostic performance of ACG for moderate-to-severe SLT showed a sensitivity of 84.62%, specificity of 91.26% and AUC of 0.920 (95% CI: 0.855 to 0.962, p<0.001). At 6 months, both MDCT and ACG indicated that nine (70%) patients in Group 3 who received anticoagulant therapy achieved complete resolution of SLT.

Conclusion

ACG can be considered as an effective tool to assist in the diagnosis of SLT based on deterioration of transvalvular haemodynamics post-TAVR. Further studies are required to confirm its utility as a valuable non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring tool.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300072300.
Socioeconomic position, alcohol use and alcohol-attributable emergency department visits
Authors: Smith Brendan T , Benny Claire , Andreacchi Alessandra T , Schwartz Naomi , Warren Christine M , Forbes Samantha , Hobin Erin
Published: December 2024

Background

Differential vulnerability to alcohol contributes to socioeconomic inequities in alcohol-attributable harm. This study aimed to estimate the sex-/gender-specific joint effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) and heavy episodic drinking or volume of alcohol use on 100% alcohol-attributable emergency department (ED) visits.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study among 36 900 men and 39 700 women current and former alcohol consumers aged 15–64 from population-representative Canadian Community Health Surveys (2003–2008) linked to administrative ED visit data through 2017 in Ontario and Alberta. We estimated sex-/gender-specific associations between SEP (both education and income) and heavy episodic drinking (≥5 standard drinks on one occasion, at least monthly) or volume of alcohol use (standard drinks per week) on incident alcohol-attributable ED visits and assessed additive interactions using the Synergy Index (S).

Results

Lower levels of education (eg, less than high school vs Bachelor’s degree or above: men: adjusted HR (aHR)=3.71, 95% CI 2.47 to 5.58; women: aHR=1.75, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.68) and income (eg, quintile (Q)1 vs Q5, men: aHR=2.07, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.17; women: aHR=1.84, 95% CI 0.91 to 3.71) were associated with increased rates of alcohol-attributable ED visits. Among men and women, superadditive joint effects (ie, greater than the sum of both exposures experienced independently) were observed between low SEP (education and income) and heavy episodic drinking and higher volume of alcohol use on alcohol-attributable ED visits.

Interpretation

Our results indicate that individuals with lower SEP experience increased vulnerability to alcohol use and related harms. These findings highlight the urgent need for population-level interventions that reduce both the high burden and socioeconomic inequities in alcohol-attributable harm.
Race disparities in dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood in the USA
Authors: Testa Alexander , Mijares Luis , Fu Karyn , Jackson Dylan , Gutierrez Carmen , DeAngelis Reed , Ganson Kyle , Nagata Jason , Mungia Rahma
Published: December 2024

Background

This study examines the longitudinal patterns of dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood (ages 11–43) and investigates racial and ethnic disparities in these patterns.

Methods

Data from Waves I through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1993–2018; ages 11–43). Semiparametric group-based trajectory model identified distinct dental care use trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate membership in these trajectory groups by race/ethnicity while accounting for covariates, including socioeconomic status, biological sex, nativity and unmet healthcare needs.

Results

The analysis identified four distinct dental care use trajectories (1): Intermittent decreasing dental care use (37.9%), (2) intermittent increasing dental care use (22.5%), (3) high dental care use (22.5%) and (4) low dental care use (17.0%). Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic white respondents to belong to low dental care use and intermittent decreasing dental care use groups relative to high dental care use. Additionally, non-Hispanic black respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic white respondents to belong to the Intermittent Increasing Dental Use group. Higher socioeconomic status was inversely associated with low and intermittent use group membership. Males and those with unmet healthcare needs at Wave I were also more likely to belong to trajectories with low and intermittent dental care use.

Conclusions

Findings reveal persistent racial disparities in dental care use from adolescence into adulthood. Further research is needed to understand the individual and structural factors perpetuating racial disparities in dental care use over the life course.
Changes in serum cholesterol loading capacity are linked to coronary atherosclerosis progression in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Karpouzas George Athanasios , Papotti Bianca , Ormseth Sarah R , Palumbo Marcella , Hernandez Elizabeth , Adorni Maria Pia , Zimetti Francesca , Ronda Nicoletta
Published: December 2024

Objective

Excess cholesterol loading on arterial macrophages is linked to foam cell formation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effect of changes in cholesterol loading on coronary plaque trajectory and the impact of RA therapies on this relationship are unknown. We investigated the association between variations in cholesterol loading capacity (CLC) over time and atherosclerosis progression.

Methods

In a prospective observational cohort study, coronary CT angiography evaluated atherosclerosis (non-calcified, partially calcified or fully calcified plaques and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score) in 100 patients with RA without cardiovascular disease at baseline and 6.9±0.4 years later. The presence of ≥5 plaques and lesions rendering >50% stenosis was considered an extensive and obstructive disease, respectively. Serum CLC was measured on human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages with a fluorometric assay.

Results

Mean CLC change (follow-up CLC−baseline CLC) was 1.54 (SD 3.69) μg cholesterol/mg protein. In models adjusting for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, baseline plaque and other relevant covariates, CLC change (per SD unit increase) is associated with a higher likelihood of progression of non-calcified (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.22 to 5.35), fully calcified plaque (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.67 to 5.76), CAC (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.74) and new extensive or obstructive disease (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.34). Exposure to prednisone unfavourably influenced, while biologics and statins favourably affected the relationship between CLC change and atherosclerosis progression (all p-for-interactions ≤0.048).

Conclusion

CLC change is associated with atherosclerosis progression in a dose-dependent manner, including lipid-rich non-calcified plaques and extensive or obstructive disease that yield the greatest cardiovascular risk.
Thermodynamic of the f(Q) universe
Authors: Rao Haomin , Liu Chunhui , Geng Chao-Qiang
Published: December 2024

We investigate thermodynamics of apparent horizon in the f(Q) universe with trivial and nontrivial connections. We first explore the perspectives of the first law, generalized second law and P–V phase transition with trivial connection. We show that the lowest-order correction of entropy has the same form as that in loop quantum gravity, and the critical exponents of the phase transition caused by the lowest-order correction are consistent with those in mean field theory. We then examine the thermodynamic implication of nontrivial connections. We find that nontrivial connections in the f(Q) universe imply non-equilibrium states from the perspective of thermodynamics.
Exploring Flexible Learning Experiences
Authors: Espineda Jovita E.
Published: December 2024

Flexible learning is a popular mode of learning in this 21st century since it allows flexibility in almost all aspects of the teaching and learning process. The study explored the flexible learning experi-ences of college students enrolled in the school year 2022-2023. The focus were in terms of internet connection, communication, conferencing platform, online teaching strategies, assessment of learning, student participation and submission of requirements. Results revealed that internet connection is a problem as they en-gaged in flexible learning modality since most of the activities re-lated to flexible learning uses internet. Indeed flexible learning is a struggle to many students. The study made use of mixed method as its research design. After considering several literature about flexible learning, a survey questionnaire was drafted and eventual-ly validated by experts prior to its distribution to the respondents via google form. The data gathered for the quantitative part were treated using weighted mean and a 5 point Likert Scale was used. A corresponding verbal interpretation of 5 Always, 4 Often, 3 Sometimes, 2 Seldom and -1 Never was also used. Weighted mean was used to treat gathered data. Likewise, an unstructured inter-view about the challenges encountered in flexible learning was also conducted through online via conferencing platforms Qualita-tive data gathered from interviews were treated using thematic analysis. Result of the study will serve as basis to an intervention program to address concerns on flexible learning.
Intraspecific polymorphism of pollen grains in Artemisia herba Alba Asso in the Tiaret region (West of Algeria)
Authors: Maghni Benchohra , Hammou Mohammed Ait , Maghni Anfal Bochra , Baghdache Wahiba , Belkilali Nebia , Khanfer Imane
Published: December 2024

This study allowed us to determine the appearance and pollen apertures of 200 individuals of Atrémesia herba alba from three areas in Algeria. The pollen morphology determined at the three stations studied is Tricolorpé, of which two grain shapes were encountered, spherical and elongated with three aper-tures and distinct diameters. Results obtained from pollen di-ameter measurements revealed a significant effect, which con-firms a very marked intra- and inter-population variability of this character. Indeed, the spherical pollen diameters vary be-tween 13.20 and 20 µm (Ain Dheb area) and between 16.56 and 29.90 µm in individuals from the two Chellala areas. The elon-gated pollen diameters from the Chellala region have diameters fluctuating between 34.31/25.46 to 29.90/16.56 µm and have diameters between 19/14.81 and 28.55 /18.54 µm for the Ain Dheb area.
Ten‐Year Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality Following Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Rottner Laura , Metzner Andreas , Hochadel Matthias , Senges Jochen , Willems Stephan , Ince Hüseyin , Eckardt Lars , Deneke Thomas , Lugenbiel Patrick , Brachmann Johannes , Chun Julian , Tilz Roland , Rillig Andreas
Published: December 2024

Background

Catheter ablation is the primary treatment option for idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT). It plays a key role in acute therapy of electrical storm, treatment of VTs in patients with structural heart disease (SHD), and can reduce VT burden. Here we report on 10‐year clinical outcomes following VT ablation from patients enrolled in the prospective German Ablation Registry.

Methods and Results

Long‐term follow‐up was conducted on 334 patients undergoing VT ablation (118/334, 35%) with structurally normal hearts and 216 out of 334 (65%) with SHD, including 161 out of 216 (75%) with ischemic heart disease at 38 centers. Follow‐up was completed in 94.8% of patients. Median observation time was 10.8 (4.3–12.3) years, with a 10‐year all‐cause mortality rate of 39.4%. VT ablation in patients with SHD was associated with worse outcome when compared with patients with structurally normal hearts (estimated 10‐year mortality for SHD 54.8% versus structurally normal hearts 12.1%). Estimated 10‐year mortality following VT ablation was highest in patients with ischemic heart disease (62.4%). Significant predictors of mortality following VT ablation included age (hazard ratio [HR], 2.35 [1.90–2.92] per decade), left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% (HR, 2.11 [1.44–3.10]), diabetes (HR, 1.73 [1.14–2.61]), incessant VT (HR, 2.96 [1.74–5.03]), linear lesion (HR, 1.46 [0.99–2.16]), and acute procedural failure (HR, 2.57 [1.39–4.77]). Procedural failure was the only statistically significant predictor for VT recurrence during follow‐up (HR, 3.76 [1.59–8.91]).

Conclusions

Within an all‐comer patient cohort, estimated 10‐year all‐cause mortality following VT ablation is 39.4%. Mortality after VT ablation is worse in patients with SHD and highest for patients with ischemic heart disease. Acute procedural success plays a major role in predicting VT recurrence and long‐term mortality.
Pericytes and Extracellular Vesicle Interactions in Neurovascular Adaptation to Chronic Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Morton Lorena , Garza Alejandra P. , Debska‐Vielhaber Grazyna , Villafuerte Luis E. , Henneicke Solveig , Arndt Philipp , Meuth Sven G. , Schreiber Stefanie , Dunay Ildiko R.
Published: December 2024

Background

Chronic arterial hypertension restructures the vascular architecture of the brain, leading to a series of pathological responses that culminate in cerebral small‐vessel disease. Pericytes respond dynamically to vascular challenges; however, how they manifest under the continuous strain of hypertension has not been elucidated.

Methods and Results

In this study, we characterized pericyte behavior alongside hypertensive states in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone rat model, focusing on their phenotypic and metabolic transformation. Flow cytometry was used to characterize pericytes by their expression of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β, neuroglial antigen 2, cluster of differentiation 13–alanyl aminopeptidase, and antigen Kiel 67. Microvessels were isolated for gene expression profiling and in vitro pericyte expansion. Immunofluorescence validated the cell culture model. Plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles from hypertensive rodents were applied as a treatment to assess their effects on pericyte function and detailed metabolic assessments on enriched pericytes measured oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Our results reveal a shift in platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β
+
pericytes toward increased neuroglial antigen 2 and cluster of differentiation 13–alanyl aminopeptidase coexpression, indicative of their critical role in vascular stabilization and inflammatory responses within the hypertensive milieu. Significant alterations were found within key pathways including angiogenesis, blood–brain barrier integrity, hypoxia, and inflammation. Circulating extracellular vesicles from hypertensive rodents distinctly influenced pericyte mitochondrial function, evidencing their dual role as carriers of disease pathology and potential therapeutic agents. Furthermore, a shift toward glycolytic metabolism in hypertensive pericytes was confirmed, coupled with ATP production dysregulation.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that cerebral pericytes undergo phenotypic and metabolic reprogramming in response to hypertension, with hypertensive‐derived plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles impairing their mitochondrial function. Importantly, plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles from normotensive controls restore this function, suggesting their potential as both therapeutic agents and precision biomarkers for hypertensive vascular complications. Further investigation into plasma‐derived extracellular vesicle cargo is essential to further explore their therapeutic potential in vascular health.
Faith in the Balance: ASEAN’s Quest for Religious Freedom Amidst Cultural Diversity
Authors: Wahid Ratnaria
Published: December 2024

This article examines the challenges ASEAN countries face in safeguarding Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB) within diverse cultural contexts. Using a qualitative approach, it first reviews international and regional frameworks to explore how ASEAN nations balance FoRB commitments with national sovereignty, revealing tensions between global standards and regional autonomy. It then compares constitutional protections across ASEAN, identifying themes in shared principles and varied implementations. The analysis identifies concerns hampering FoRB, including state religion designations, conditional protections, and discrepancies between constitutional ideals and practice. Issues like state involvement in religious practices, challenges to pluralism in single-faith societies, and diverse institutional strategies for FoRB oversight underscore the complexities involved. These findings suggest that the effective preservation of FoRB requires a nuanced approach that honours national sovereignty while safeguarding individual liberties.
Assessment of Head for Hydropower Potential Using DEM, Google Earth, and GPS in the Furfuro Watershed, Ethiopia
Authors: Genet Amsayaw , Tadesse Abebe , Zelalem Temesgen , Kifle Tensay , Ejargew Aynadis
Published: December 2024

Energy is vital for social progress and economic success in all nations. Ethiopia, with its abundant water resources and ideal geography, holds significant potential for hydropower development. However, comprehensive data on the hydropower potential of many perennial rivers remains inadequate. To unlock Ethiopia's vast hydropower potential and establish a foundation for a clean, sustainable energy future, accurate and reliable head data is crucial. The goal of this study was to assess the potential head of the Furfuro River, which is located in the Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia, using Geographic Information System (GIS), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Google Earth, and hand Global Position System (GPS). The hydropower potential of the site was analyzed by measuring the gross head using GPS and Google Earth. The potential head was calculated from the longitudinal river profile, and the performance was evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) and the values were (0.997 and 0.994, respectively). By overlaying the DEM and stream network using GIS, the study identified four potential hydropower sites in the Furfuro River, all on streams of orders 4 and 5 with heads exceeding or equal to 8 meters. The findings of this study highlight the effectiveness of using DEM, Google Earth, and hand GPS for assessment of optimal heads for hydropower potential sites.
Chemical Investigation on Essential Oil Composition of Tithonia diversifolia Growing Wild in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: N’Goran Jérémie , Bitchi Michel , Leon Wognin , Evelyne Tanoh , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Tonzibo Félix
Published: December 2024

Tithonia diversifolia is widely used in African and American traditional medicine. Several biological and pharmacological studies have been carried out, using extract and essential oil of Tithonia diversifolia. Considering the numerous medecinal properties that justify the interest of continuing the chemical description of essential oil from this species. The present study aims to investigate essential oils from fresh organs (leaves, flowers, stems, roots) of Tithonia diversifolia, growing in four localities of Côte d’Ivoire. The essential oils are extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. 67 compounds were obtained by GC-MS analysis, with the most dominant being monoterpene hydrocarbons, followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The description of the essential oil (EO) composition from Tithonia diversifolia’s roots shown α-pinene (95.05 to 97.01%), modephene (14.59 to 15.77%), β-pinene (1.46 to 10.05%) and α-isocomene (7.03 to 8.43%) as major compounds. Leaves essential oil was characterized by a predominance of α-pinene (8.66 to 29.76%), limonene (8.43 to 49.02%) and trans-β-ocimene (18.05 to 28.35%). In addition, stem oil was dominated by α-pinene (68.4 to 88.03%), allowed by β-pinene (2.78 to 15.05%) and limonene (7.39 to 14.29%). Limonen (33.08 to 40.07) was a main compound for flowers oil. In front of the chemical variabity of the EO compositions, the results of analysis were submitted to hierarchical cluster. Two groups G1 and G2 were found, dominated by α-pinene and cis bisabolen respectively
Assessment of Heavy Metals and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediments of Kuwait Bay
Authors: Al-Jber Reem , Al-Sarawi Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Contaminated marine environments can be explicitly studied using chemical compounds and concentration of pollutants suspended in bottom sediment. Sediments act as repositories for pollutants, and have significant implications as they may pose a potential risk to the environment. In this paper, the geochemistry and provenance of bottom sediments from 17 stations, located along the Kuwait Bay, were studied during June and July 2024. The sediment samples were collected from each station using VanVeen grab sampler and were analysed for physical and chemical parameters for inorganic nutrients, BOD, COD, TOC, TPH and related heavy metals to delineate the extent of pollution levels and their distribution in the Bay. The main sources of pollution along the coast of Kuwait Bay are storm water outlets, emergency sewage discharges, ports, navigation channels, and desalination power plants. Results revealed elevated levels of inorganic nutrients (SiO2 (3.75 mg/l), NH3 (2.35 mg/l), NO3 (1.21 mg/l), NO2 (1.22 mg/l) and PO4 (3.25 mg/l)) and TPH (601 mg/kg) in all the investigated sites within the bay. Elevated levels of metals Ni, V and Cr were discovered mostly at station 15 in front of Gazalle outlet and station 17 near the Power station outlet. The metal concentration of Ni (103.4 mg/kg) and V (44.153 mg/kg) exceeded the geo-chemical background levels established for sediment quality guidelines as compared to Cr, Cu and Cd which were found in varying levels (83.5 mg/kg, 40.7 mg/kg and 2.9 mg/kg, respectively), but below the probable effect levels (PEL). While Zn, Fe, Mn were within acceptable limits and Ag, As, Hg, and Pb were found to be very low. The contamination levels are mostly related to the characteristics and homogeneity of the clay presence in the bottom sediments which is highly biogenous. The overall objectives of this study is to determine the distribution, degree of contamination and sources in bottom sediments of Kuwait Bay. The novelty of this study lies in its ability to link pollutant levels to specific anthropogenic activities, offering critical insights into the bay’s environmental health. The findings of this study are essential for formulating targeted mitigation strategies to protect Kuwait Bay’s marine ecosystem from further degradation.
A Research on How Obesity Tax is Implemented in Turkey and Some Countries
Authors: Yildiz Gulnur
Published: December 2024

Obesity has been a serious problem for countries from past to present. The pandemic period we have experienced in recent years has also negatively affected this situation and it is known that the obesity rate has increased in many countries. Since obesity occurs as a result of the calories taken more than the calories taken, the inactivity of people due to the curfew during the pandemic period triggered obesity. Since obesity causes many chronic diseases, it also negatively affects society. The measurement of obesity is based on the body mass index (BMI) and is calculated by dividing the individual's weight by the square of their height when calculating the body mass index (BMI). According to the results, your body is underweight, overweight, obese, etc. It is learned which ketogor it is. As a result of the calculation, individuals in the obese class are also interested in other health problems in their bodies. For this reason, states have found a solution to this problem with taxes. This problem, which is taxed differently in each country, is generally not a new tax, but arises in addition to existing taxes or taxes. In all countries, the problem of obesity is tried to be prevented with different methods and this tax is included in the law with different names in each country. For example, the so-called fat tax is a tax on foods with high levels of fat. The Sugar Tax is an additional tax on foods and beverages that contain a high percentage of sugar. Obesity Tax, on the other hand, is applied to foods that are high in calories and cause obesity. The goal is to encourage individuals to consume healthy foods by discourageing foods that cause obesity through taxes on public revenues.
Effects of Hinc II Polymorphism in the LDL Receptor Gene on Serum Lipid Levels of Jordanian Individuals with High Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Bashir Nabil
Published: December 2024

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has presented high prevalence in the Jordanian population. Nevertheless, studies of genetic risk factors for CHD in our country are insufficiently carried out. We are intended to investigated the effects of Hinc II (exon 12) polymorphisms at the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene on circulating lipids of 150 individuals with high risk for CHD (HRG) and 150 controls (C). Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with HincII Restriction enzyme. LDL, TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglycerides), and HDL (high density lipoproteins) levels were measured in all subjects. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis was conducted to identify genotype of LDLR gene in (HRG) and 150 controls (C). The results showed a significant correlation existed between this RFLP locus and (HRG), X2=10.6, P<0.05; H+ allele frequency: X2=7.88, P<0.05., H- allele frequency: X2=7.88, P<0.05. Genotypes H+H+ and H+H- in high risk group are significantly associated with high levels of LDL, TC, TG, P<0.05 and with low level of HDL P<0.05., while H-H- is associated with normal values of serum lipids P<0.05. It is inferred that H+ allele might be associated with high blood cholesterol level, and the H- allele with normal level. This study suggests that the differences in LDLRG genotypes might affect the phenotype of lipid metabolism.
Boosting Supply Chain Effectiveness with Lean Six Sigma
Authors: Gomaa Attia
Published: December 2024

This article explores the integration of supply chain management (SCM) and Lean Six Sigma (LSS), which can create a powerful systematic methodology for achieving manufacturing excellence and improving customer satisfaction. SCM in industry refers to the systematic coordination and integration of all activities involved in the procurement, production, and delivery of goods and services, from the sources of raw materials to the end customer. It ensures the right products are delivered in the right quantities, at the right time, and at the lowest possible cost. In this context, enhancing SCM has become a fundamental necessity for organizations aiming to improve operational efficiency, effectiveness, market share, and customer satisfaction. In this effort, LSS is a systematic methodology for improving process efficiency and effectiveness through continuous improvement by eliminating waste, minimizing defects, reducing lead time, and improving customer satisfaction. This research presented a comprehensive literature review focusing on applying the LSS methodology in SCM, as no comprehensive review is available. This study highlights the integration of LSS practices into SCM and provides a roadmap for future studies that focus on exploring the applications of LSS and its impacts on SCM. In conclusion, by aligning LSS principles with SCM strategies, organizations can achieve operational excellence, reduce costs, and improve overall supply chain efficiency while effectively meeting customer demands. Furthermore, this study aims to propose a framework that can be used to explain how the LSS methodology can be applied in different SCM fields. This comprehensive analysis aims to guide academics and professionals in improving supply chain performance using LSS tools.
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Excutive Fuction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Wang Jinying , Hao Qinghong , Yang Jindi , Lv Zhihai
Published: December 2024

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that imposes a serious caregiving burden on society and families. Especially for children with early detection and diagnosis of autism, more and better treatment methods are needed to improve their daily living abilities and quality of life. The existing technological means are mostly behavioral interventions, and physical factors have not been used as routine treatments. There are also few cases of transcranial magnetic therapy applied to younger ASD children. This case report describes a 4-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder who not only has developmental delays but also executive dysfunction. Therefore, he received rehabilitation treatment. He continuously received behavioral interventions and increased high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic therapy treatment. As a result, it was found that the developmental quotient of the children improved after treatment, especially in the hand eye coordination area and personal social area. At the same time, children's control inhibition improved, GO test accuracy increased, and reaction time shortened. However, there was no significant change in the NOGO test accuracy and reaction time. In conclusion, high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation may improved executive function and growth and development in children with ASD. We need to conduct more controlled trials and objective evaluation methods in the future to understand the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of transcranial magnetic therapy on executive function in children with autism.
Recursive Kernel Density Estimators Under Censoring Verifying an β-mixing Dependence Structure
Authors: Mar Mouhamed , Diouf Saliou , Deme El
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we consider the nonparametric recursive kernel density estimator on a compact ensemble when observations are censored and β-mixing. In this type of model, it is widely recognized that the traditional empirical distribution does not allow the densities F and G to be efficiently evaluated. Thus, Kaplan and Meier suggested a consistent estimator of Gnto properly estimate G. Let {Tk, k ≥ 1} be a strictly stationary sequence of random variables distributed as T. We aims to establish a strong uniform consistency on a compact set with a rate of recursive kernel estimator of the underlying density function f when the random variable of interest T is right censored by another C variable. In censoring, the observation is only partially known, which means that there are only the n pairs (Yi, δi), Yi= min(Ti, Ci) and δi= II{Ti≤Ci}, where IIA, where the indicator function for event A. Firstly, we propose the uniform convergence of this recursive estimator towards the density f. Then, we showed the veracity of our results by establishing all the necessary proofs. In other words we will prove our main result by establishing three lemmas. And finally we validated our theoretical results with a simulation study.
Adherence to Diabetic Self-Care Practice and Associated Factors among Patients with Type Two Diabetes at a Public Hospital in Addis Ababa
Authors: Kolbay Ali , Yesuf Mustofa , Diress Getachew , Mohammed Abdurehman
Published: December 2024

Background: Self-care adherence is thought to be crucial for managing polygenic disease. This is frequently because there is a strong correlation between poor blood sugar control and self-care behaviors and the subsequent emergence of polygenic disease complications. By improving glycemic control, patients may be able to reduce their risk of developing those complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the self-care behaviors of patients with type II diabetes who are attending a selected public hospital in Addis Ababa City, as well as the impact of demographic factors and clinical state on these behaviors. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted using SPSS version 26, and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used. Result: A total of 397 study participants were interviewed with response rate of 99.25%. Data coming from this study reveals that (73.8%) of study participants has good practiced on the recommended self-care practices. Factors found to be significantly associated with adherence to diabetic self-care were BMI of respondent (AOR = 0.465, 95% CI = 0.229-0.947), diabetic compilation, place of respondent (AOR = 1.090, 95% CI =0.091-0.604), and monthly income (AOR =, 1.522 95% CI =0.871-2.659). Conclusion: the level of adherence to self-care practices among diabetic patients is lower compared to other areas. To improve this, the healthcare team should adopt a patient-centered approach when deliver diabetes messages, focusing on specific issues related to management practice. it is imperative to increase awareness of patients and the community as a whole in order to address important aspects such as medication adherence, glycemic control and diet management. By taking these steps, we can work towards improving self-care practice among diabetic patients and ultimately, their overall health and well-being.
Exploring the Application of an Integrated (Blended) Teaching Model in Brewing Engineering Courses at a Local Chinese University
Authors: Nie Cong , Zhang Haojun
Published: December 2024

Brewing engineering is a subject that studies the application of biology, chemistry/biochemistry, sensory evaluation, and process engineering in the production of alcoholic beverages on an industrial scale. Like many courses in higher education in the past several years, brewing engineering courses underwent changes of their delivery from in-person to online learning due to the governmental regulations of physical and social distancing. This article explores the application of an integrated teaching model also referred to as blended teaching model in the article to promote the lecturer’s teaching presence and learners’ engagement in online settings to embrace online studies and blended learning. A case study is provided in this article to illustrate learner achievement between the integrated teaching model, 100% in-person, and 100% online teaching methods. The final marks of six student cohorts (n = 453 students) enrolled in the Brewing Engineering course from 2019 to 2023 at a local Chinese university are presented. The results show that the blended teaching model was the most effective one for teaching brewing engineering at the local Chinese university compared to 100% in-person and 100% online with overall class achieving higher grades. 100% in-person delivery showed that learners had slightly higher scores in their final grade, while 100% online delivery showed learners scoring the lowest mean grade overall and the lowest passing rates (i.e. 60% is the passing mark) out of the three delivery methods of learning. Moving forward, it would be beneficial for educators to consider using the integrated teaching model rather than in-person or online for course delivery in higher education.
Factors Influencing the Capacity to Repay Loans on Time of Tea Growing Households
Authors: Ha Thi , Tran Nam , Ha Duc
Published: December 2024

Tea is the main crop of Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. Tea is a crop that helps eliminate hunger and reduce poverty, and is a crop that enriches over 91 thousand farming households with many products certified by OCOP (One Commune One Product) and VietGAP (Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices). In particular, tea-growing households have proactively sought loans to finance organic tea growing activities, aiming at sustainable development. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the ability to repay debts on time of tea-growing households in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. The research data is based on a survey of 350 tea-growing households in this area. Heckman's two-step model is used to estimate the influencing factors. The study has shown that the factors affecting the capacity to repay loans on time of tea growing households in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam include 6 factors: Number of dependents, Total loan amount, Number of harvests, Total assets, Purpose of loan use; and Tea growing experience. In addition, there are 5 factors affecting the amount of loan repayment on time of tea growing households including: Education level, total assets, number of maturity periods and tea growing area of the household. Based on the survey data, the study proposes solutions to improve the efficiency of loan use, contributing to better timely loan repayment of tea growing households.
Application and Progress of Mendelian Randomization in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Yang Weichao , Ye Dongping
Published: December 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent degenerative disease and risk factors for it are complex and diverse. Due to limitations in observational research, identifying causal risk factors remains challenging. Mendelian randomization (MR), leveraging genetic variation as an instrumental variable (IV), has emerged as a powerful tool to study causal associations, overcoming issues of confounding bias and reverse causality. This review aims to summarise the progress of MR in exploring the causal relationship between IVDD and various associated risk factors. By summarizing 56 relevant publications retrieved from the Pubmed database, this review found significant causal links between IVDD and factors such as inflammatory cytokines, metabolism-related molecules, bacteria, smoking, and high bone mineral density. Conversely, no significant causal associations were found with LDL, total cholesterol, ApoB, serum uric acid levels, physical activity, and osteoporosis. Finally, MR not only supports observational findings but also opens new avenues for future research into IVDD causes.
Assesment Genetic Diversity of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum l.) Genotypes in Awabel District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Mulu Gebremeskel , Menzir Ahadu
Published: December 2024

The examination was conducted to point out genetic diversity of 36 Kabuli chickpea genotypes, including two varieties 6 x 6 in simple lattice design, during the main growing season 2019/2020-2020/2021 in Awabel district for two consecutive years. Thirty-six genotypes were grouped into six (6) distinct groups based on 13 (thirteen) traits. Intragroup distance was maximum in cluster IV (D2 = 438.6, indicating that the genotypes enclosed in this group were diverging as compared to others groups. In descending order maximum inter cluster distance was obtained among cluster VI and IV (D2 = 860. 9), cluster VI and V (D2 = 454.9), between groups II and VI and between groups VI and I. Genotypes that have a large intergroup distance can give a high heterotic response leading to better recombinants. The paramount six principal components elucidate approximately 78.52% of the total variation. Seed yield (0.439), number of seeds plant -1 (0.459) and number of seeds pod-1 (0.368) were the main contributors of variation for (PC1). The current experimental finding shows the presence of a wide range of diversity among the genotypes tested, which is an essential role for further use in the breeding program. However, multi-locus testing among a wider conventional of contestant genotypes is needed to prove the stability across environment and advance good-performing varieties of the existing genotypic diversity.
Comparative Study to Evaluate Irradiated Small Bowel Volume with or Without Using Belly Board During Treating Pelvic Malignancy in 3dcrt Technique
Authors: Debnath Shuvra , Abdullah-Al-Noman Muhammad , Shameem Mohammed , Bandyopadhayaa Swapan , Muhammed Shafayat , Das Nihar , Husna Md. , Hossain Tasneem , Alam Saiful , Mahmud Tasnim
Published: December 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is the most frequently encountered complication of pelvic radiotherapy with clinically significant acute and late toxicity occurring in up to 60% and 20% of patients, respectively. The current study was conducted to assess and compare irradiated small bowel volume and dose between prone position using belly board and supine position without belly board in pelvic radiotherapy. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study conducted at the department of Radiation Oncology of NICRH. Sixty patients of rectal and cervical malignancy were included in the study. They were enrolled in either arm A or arm B to receive radiotherapy to pelvis in supine position or prone position with belly board, respectively by 3DCRT technique. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in distributions of the patients across the two arms regarding age and other various demographic data, abdominal girth etc. Irradiated volume was significantly low in arm-B (5189cm3 vs. 3485cm3, p-value<0.001). Small bowel volume which received 45Gy was also significantly low in arm-B (351cm3 vs. 191cm3, p-value<0.001). Radiation dose to 195cm3 of small bowel volume was 53Gy vs. 36Gy in arm-A and arm-B respectively (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Using belly board in prone position is comfortable, inexpensive, highly reproducible, and permits maximal bowel displacement from standard pelvic radiotherapy fields.
Impact of Digital Financial Services on Economic Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Opoku-Okuampa Isaac
Published: December 2024

The study titled "Impact of Digital Financial Services on Economic Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa" explores the role of digital financial platforms, such as mobile banking, digital wallets, and online payment systems, in enhancing financial inclusion across the region. Using a quantitative methodology, the research draws from secondary data to assess the connection between DFS adoption and key measures of economic inclusion, such as access to financial services, account ownership, and digital transactions. The findings show that DFS has a notably positive effect on economic inclusion, particularly benefiting underprivileged and underserved groups. Increased usage of DFS has facilitated wider access to financial services, fostering greater economic engagement. However, significant barriers still hinder the full potential of DFS, including the digital divide, weak regulatory systems, and low levels of digital literacy. These limitations disproportionately affect rural and low-income communities, potentially exacerbating existing inequalities if not addressed. In conclusion, while DFS holds great promise for enhancing economic inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa, focused efforts are needed to overcome these obstacles. The study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders invest in improving digital infrastructure, enhancing digital literacy, and reinforcing regulatory frameworks to ensure that DFS can deliver maximum benefits to all population groups.