bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disclosing a Diagnosis in the Workplace: Perspective of People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gill Laura , Hynes Sinéad M.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Early withdrawal from the workforce is associated with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), with employment retention rates also lower than in the general population. Despite legal requirements, equality in the workplace for people with MS has not been achieved. Disclosure of multiple sclerosis at work is essential for the implementation of accommodations enabling employment retention.

Method:

An interpretive descriptive study explored participants’ decision to disclose or not disclose their diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the implications this had on work participation and working relationships. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from 6 participants.

Results:

Three themes were identified, using a reflective approach to analysis, from the data: (a) Accommodations; (b) Workplace Relationships; and (c) Balancing Work and Home Life. Participants had mixed experiences of disclosing their diagnosis. Findings supported the implementation of workplace accommodations including physical, cognitive, and structural supports. Concealment of MS was associated with fear of workplace stigmatisation.

Conclusion:

Disclosure is multidimensional and subjective. It is based on personal, systematic, and social factors. This study was limited by the small number of participants and not including stakeholders in the creation of the topic guide. The results are important for those involved in supporting people with multiple sclerosis to remain in the workplace.
A group structure on the golden triples
Authors: Sporn Howard
Published: February 2021

Some favourite topics of both mathematics teachers and mathematics students are the golden ratio, Fibonacci numbers, groups, and Pythagorean triples. The material of this paper involves the first three, and there are some analogies with the fourth.
Visually suggestive but mathematically incorrect
Authors: Paul Prabir Kumar
Published: February 2021

Mathematical calculation at times may produce erroneous results because of ignoring particular features of the functions involved, such as restricted domains, ranges and discontinuities. In this Article, to highlight the significance of conceptual understanding, we choose six examples and for each we give a flawed solution followed by a correct solution.
On cardioids and Morley's theorem
Authors: Silvester John R.
Published: February 2021

Morley’s trisector theorem says that the three intersections of the trisectors of the angles of a triangle, lying near the three sides respectively, form an equilateral triangle. See Figure 1. Morley discovered his theorem in 1899, and news of it quickly spread. Over the years many proofs have been published, by trigonometry or by geometry, but a simple angle-chasing argument is elusive. See [1] for a list up to 1978. Perhaps the easiest proof is that of John Conway [2], who assembles a triangle similar to the given triangle by starting with an equilateral triangle and surrounding it by triangles with very carefully chosen angles.
No differences in muscle protein synthesis rates following ingestion of wheat protein, milk protein, and their protein blend in healthy, young males
Authors: Pinckaers Philippe J.M. , Kouw Imre W.K. , Hendriks Floris K. , van Kranenburg Janneau M.X. , de Groot Lisette C.P.G.M. , Verdijk Lex. B. , Snijders Tim , van Loon Luc J.C.
Published: February 2021

Plant-derived proteins have been suggested to have less anabolic properties when compared with animal-derived proteins. Whether blends of plant- and animal-derived proteins can compensate for their lesser anabolic potential has not been assessed. The present study compares post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates following the ingestion of milk protein with wheat protein or a blend of wheat plus milk protein in healthy, young males. In a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group design, 36 males (23 (sd 3) years) received a primed continuous L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusion after which they ingested 30 g milk protein (MILK), 30 g wheat protein (WHEAT) or a 30 g blend combining 15 g wheat plus 15 g milk protein (WHEAT+MILK). Blood and muscle biopsies were collected frequently for 5 h to assess post-prandial plasma amino acid profiles and subsequent myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. Ingestion of protein increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in all treatments (P < 0·001). Post-prandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates did not differ between MILK v. WHEAT (0·053 (sd 0·013) v. 0·056 (sd 0·012) %·h−1, respectively; t test P = 0·56) or between MILK v. WHEAT+MILK (0·053 (sd 0·013) v. 0·059 (sd 0·025) %·h−1, respectively; t test P = 0·46). In conclusion, ingestion of 30 g milk protein, 30 g wheat protein or a blend of 15 g wheat plus 15 g milk protein increases muscle protein synthesis rates in young males. Furthermore, muscle protein synthesis rates following the ingestion of 30 g milk protein do not differ from rates observed after ingesting 30 g wheat protein or a blend with 15 g milk plus 15 g wheat protein in healthy, young males.
RESTORING THE IMAGE OF FRANCE IN BRITAIN, 1944–1947
Authors: FAUCHER CHARLOTTE
Published: February 2021

At the end of the Second World War, British society's hostility and resentment towards France's military defeat and the French state's collaboration with Germany were strong. In order to deflate this enmity and thus prepare the ground to forge western European co-operation, the French and British governments co-operated and developed gendered public and media strategies within which citizens, and, in particular, former female resistance fighters, were central to the dissemination of positive images of France. This article takes seriously these strategies and adds nuance to understandings of modern foreign policy in terms of methods and actors. The article elaborates on neglected agents of diplomacy, such as female members of civil society, and the significance of rhetoric, gendered performance, and appearances that contributed to the restoration of the image of France in Britain. By doing so, the article also sheds light on the efforts of French and British authorities to construct a narrative of binational unity that disrupted the tenacious idea that Britain had fought alone during the war.
The Politics of Sound and Song: Lectors and Cantors in Early Medieval Iberia
Authors: LESTER MOLLY
Published: February 2021

In early medieval Iberia, Suevic and Visigothic conversions to Nicene Christianity in the 560s and 580s generated ongoing episcopal and royal attention to cathedral liturgies and to the clerics who performed them. This article turns to this Iberian context to illuminate how lectors and cantors and their aural duties became increasingly central to the production of Christian orthodoxy. It is argued that in the early 600s Visigothic anxieties over the production of correct liturgical sound eventually became a focal point of longstanding episcopal efforts to clericalise the minor officers of the Church.
Feeding habits shape infection levels by plerocercoids of the tapeworm Triaenophorus crassus in muscle of a sympatric pair of whitefish in an oligotrophic lake
Authors: Kashinskaya E.N. , Vlasenko P.G. , Bochkarev N.A. , Andree K.B. , Solovyev M.M.
Published: February 2021

Lake Teletskoye (West Siberia, Russia) is inhabited by a sympatric pair of whitefish, with each member of the pair being characterized by different feeding habits. Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (Gmelin, 1789) is a large ‘benthivorous’ form, while C. l. pravdinellus (Dulkeit, 1949) is a small ‘planktivorous’ form. Fish were collected from the end of August to the middle of September in 2017 and 2019–2020 in the north part of Lake Teletskoye. For the ‘benthivorous’ form the prevalence, intensity and abundance of T. crassus ranged from 22.4% to 51.9%, 1.9–2.8 and 0.4–1.3, respectively, whereas the same indices for the ‘planktivorous’ form ranged from 94.7% to 97.5%, 4.2–4.8 and 4.0–4.7, respectively. The level of prevalence of infection and abundance of T. crassus in muscle was relatively stable among studied years for both forms. The level of prevalence was higher in the years 2019 and 2020 than in 2017 for the ‘benthivorous’ form, whereas for the ‘planktivorous’ form this index did not change during the studied years. For the first time, a partial sequencing of the cox1 gene (593 bp) for T. crassus was sequenced. All 15 plerocercoids of T. crassus were represented by four haplotypes.
Grounded procedures of separation in clinical psychology: what's to be expected?
Authors: Haberkamp Anke , Schmidt Thomas
Published: February 2021

The hypothesis of grounded procedures of separation predicts accentuated effects in individuals with psychiatric disorders, for example, obsessive-compulsive disorders with washing compulsion. This could provide a vantage point for understanding cognitive processes related to specific disorders. However, fully exploring it requires updated experimental designs, including extensive control conditions, exclusion of alternative explanations, internal replications, and parametric variation to strengthen internal validity.
Proper understanding of grounded procedures of separation needs a dual inheritance approach
Authors: Schubert Thomas W. , Grüning David J.
Published: February 2021

Grounded procedures of separation are conceptualized as a learned concept. The simultaneous cultural universality of the general idea and immense diversity of its implementations might be better understood through the lens of dual inheritance theories. By drawing on examples from developmental psychology and emotion theorizing, we argue that an innate blueprint might underlie learned implementations of cleansing that vary widely.
The lack of robust evidence for cleansing effects
Authors: Ropovik Ivan , Sparacio Alessandro , IJzerman Hans
Published: February 2021

The pattern of data underlying the successful replications of cleansing effects is improbable and most consistent with selective reporting. Moreover, the meta-analytic approach presented by Lee and Schwarz is likely to find an effect even if none existed. Absent more robust evidence, there is no need to develop a theoretical account of grounded procedures.
It's a matter of (executive) load: Separation as a load-dependent resetting procedure
Authors: Ponsi Giorgia , Era Vanessa , Fini Chiara , Falcinelli Ilenia
Published: February 2021

Lee and Schwarz made considerable theoretical advances in the psychology of cleansing by proposing that cleaning actions might serve as separation procedures between two psychological entities. Here, we propose that the effectiveness of the separation process may be modulated by the available amount of executive resources, and that separation may operate as a load-dependent resetting procedure.
Developmental antecedents of cleansing effects: Evidence against domain-generality
Authors: Gerdin Emily , Venkatesh Shruthi , Rottman Joshua , DeJesus Jasmine M.
Published: February 2021

Lee and Schwarz propose grounded procedures of separation as a domain-general mechanism underlying cleansing effects. One strong test of domain generality is to investigate the ontogenetic origins of a process. Here, we argue that the developmental evidence provides weak support for a domain-general grounded procedures account. Instead, it is likely that distinct separation procedures develop uniquely for different content domains.
Considerations of the proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions of disgust will improve our understanding of cleansing effects
Authors: Tybur Joshua M. , Lieberman Debra
Published: February 2021

To understand the consequences of cleansing, Lee and Schwarz favor a grounded procedures perspective over recently developed disgust theory. We believe that this position stems from three errors: (1) interpreting cleansing effects as broader than they are; (2) not detailing the proximate mechanisms underlying disgust; and (3) not detailing adaptive function versus system byproducts when developing the grounded procedures perspective.
Cleansing and separation procedures reflect resource concerns
Authors: Schnall Simone , Henderson Robert K.
Published: February 2021

We propose that procedures of separation have two functions, namely first, to establish the integrity of individual parts, and second, to make previously joint entities discreet and therefore countable. This allows taking stock of available resources, including evaluating the use of individual objects, a process that is especially adaptive under conditions of threat of contagious disease and resource scarcity.
Speech production factors and verbal working memory in children and adults with developmental language disorder
Authors: Poll Gerard H. , Miller Carol A.
Published: February 2021

Verbal working memory (VWM) deficits are common in individuals with developmental language disorder (DLD) but are not well understood. This study evaluated how both memory and language production factors influence VWM performance in children and adults with DLD, focusing on the influence of serial position, phonological activation (PA), and lexical frequency. Participants were 30 children with DLD and 26 with typical language, and 21 adults with DLD and 23 with typical language. The participants completed a listening span task in which they were asked to recall the final words of sentences in sets of increasing size. Responses (dependent variable) were coded as correct, incorrect, or no response. Final words were coded for frequency, serial position within the set, and PA (number of occurrences of the initial phoneme, vowel, and whole word in the task). These variables, along with age and language status, were entered as predictors in mixed-effects multinomial regression models. Extreme serial position, greater PA, and higher frequency reduced incorrect and no responses. These effects were attenuated for the DLD group, and the effect of greater PA varied with set size. The findings suggest that for individuals with DLD, VWM performance is affected by more limited effective language experience and by the dynamic task demands.
Prolonged interval time between blastocyst biopsy and vitrification compromised the outcomes in preimplantation genetic testing
Authors: Xiong Shun , Liu Jun Xia , Liu Dong Yun , Zhu Jia Hong , Hao Xiang Wei , Wu Li Hong , Gao Yang , Li Jing Yu , Huang Guo Ning
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to evaluate to what extent the different interval times between trophectoderm (TE) biopsy and vitrification influence the clinical outcomes in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles. Patients who underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) after PGT between 2015 and 2019 were recruited. In total, 297 cycles with single day 5 euploid blastocyst transfer were included. These cycles were divided into three groups according to the interval times: <1 h group, 1–2 h group, and ≥2 h group. Blastocyst survival, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and ongoing pregnancy rates were compared. The results showed that, in PGT-SR cycles, survival rate in the ≥2 h group (96.72%) was significantly lower than in the <1 h group (100%, P = 0.047). The clinical pregnancy rate in the ≥2 h group was 55.93%, significantly lower than in the <1 h group (74.26%, P = 0.017). The ongoing pregnancy rates in the 1–2 h group and the ≥2 h group were 48.28% and 47.46%, respectively, significantly lower than that in the <1 h group (67.33%, P < 0.05). The miscarriage rate in the 1–2 h group was 18.42%, significantly higher than that in the <1 h group (5.33%, P = 0.027). In PGT-A cycles, the clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates in the <1 h group were 67.44% and 53.49%, respectively, higher than that in the 1–2 h group (52.94%, 47.06%, P > 0.05) and the ≥2 h group (52.63%, 36.84%, P > 0.05). In conclusion, vitrification of blastocysts beyond 1 h after biopsy significantly influences embryo survival and clinical outcomes and is therefore not recommended.
High prevalence of ascending aortic dilation in adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Rinnström Daniel , Dellborg Mikael , Thilén Ulf , Sörensson Peder , Nielsen Niels-Erik , Christersson Christina , Johansson Bengt
Published: February 2021

Background:

Ascending aortic dilation is a feared complication in adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta, as the condition is associated with life-threatening complications such as aortic dissection and rupture. However, the data are currently limited regarding factors associated with ascending aortic dilation in these patients.

Methods and results:

From the national register of congenital heart disease, 165 adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with repaired coarctation of the aorta, and echocardiographic data on aortic dimensions, were identified (61.2% male, mean age 35.8 ± 14.5 years). Aortic dilation (aortic diameters > 2 SD above reference mean) was found in 55 (33.3%) of the 165 included patients, and was associated with manifest aortic valve disease in univariable logistic regression analysis (OR 2.44, 95% CI [1.23, 4.83]).

Conclusions:

Aortic dilation is common post-repair of coarctation of the aorta, and is associated with manifest aortic valve disease and thus indirectly with the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve. However, no association was found between aortic dilation and age or blood pressure.
Prevalence of specialised palliative care consultation for eligible children within a paediatric cardiac ICU
Authors: Delgado-Corcoran Claudia , Bennett Erin E. , Bodily Stephanie A. , Wawrzynski Sarah E. , Green Danielle , Moore Dominic , Cook Lawrence J. , Olson Lenora M.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Retrospectively apply criteria from Center to Advance Palliative Care to a cohort of children treated in a cardiac ICU and compare children who received a palliative care consultation to those who were eligible for but did not receive one.

Methods:

Medical records of children admitted to a cardiac ICU between January 2014 and June 2017 were reviewed. Selected criteria include cardiac ICU length of stay >14 days and/or ≥ 3 hospitalisations within a 6-month period.

Measurements and Results:

A consultation occurred in 17% (n = 48) of 288 eligible children. Children who received a consult had longer cardiac ICU (27 days versus 17 days; p < 0.001) and hospital (91 days versus 35 days; p < 0.001) lengths of stay, more complex chronic conditions at the end of first hospitalisation (3 versus1; p < 0.001) and the end of the study (4 vs.2; p < 0.001), and higher mortality (42% versus 7%; p < 0.001) when compared with the non-consulted group. Of the 142 pre-natally diagnosed children, only one received a pre-natal consult and 23 received it post-natally. Children who received a consultation (n = 48) were almost 2 months of age at the time of the consult.

Conclusions:

Less than a quarter of eligible children received a consultation. The consultation usually occurred in the context of medical complexity, high risk of mortality, and at an older age, suggesting potential opportunities for more and earlier paediatric palliative care involvement in the cardiac ICU. Screening criteria to identify patients for a consultation may increase the use of palliative care services in the cardiac ICU.
Capital structure choices, pension fund allocation decisions and the rational pricing of liability streams
Authors: Martellini Lionel , Milhau Vincent
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces an integrated asset-liability management model that allows for the joint quantitative analysis of capital structure choices, pension fund allocation decisions and rational pricing of liabilities. We confirm that capital structure decisions have a substantial impact on the value of pension claims, and we provide a quantitative assessment of the mispricing induced by the use of an arbitrary regulatory discount rate. We also present a quantitative assessment of the asset substitution effect implied by a change in the pension fund allocation to risky assets taking place after the corporate and pension obligation claims have been issued.
Mandatory reporting legislation in Canada: improving systems for patient safety?
Authors: Milligan C. , Allin S. , Farr M. , Farmanova E. , Peckham A. , Byrd J. , Misfeldt R. , Baker G. R. , Marchildon G. P.
Published: February 2021

Patient safety is a complex systems issue. In this study, we used a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature and a case study of provincial and territorial legislation in Canada to explore the influence of mandatory reporting legislation on patient safety outcomes in hospital settings. We drew from a conceptual model that examines the components of mandatory reporting legislation that must be in place as a part of a systems governance approach to patient safety and used this model to frame our results. Our results suggest that mandatory reporting legislation across Canada is generally designed to gather information about – rather than respond to and prevent – patient safety incidents. Overall, we found limited evidence of impact of mandatory reporting legislation on patient safety outcomes. Although legislation is one lever among many to improve patient safety outcomes, there are nonetheless several considerations for patient safety legislation to assist in broader system improvement efforts in Canada and elsewhere. Legislative frameworks may be enhanced by strengthening learning systems, accountability mechanisms and patient safety culture.
Superthermal Proton and Electron Fluxes in the Plasma Sheet Transition Region and Their Dependence on Solar Wind Parameters
Authors: Stepanov N. A. , Sergeev V. A. , Sormakov D. A. , Andreeva V. A. , Dubyagin S. V. , Ganushkina N. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. V.
Published: February 2021

To study further the factors and mechanisms controlling 10–150 keV particle fluxes in the inner magnetosphere, we investigate empirically their behavior in the nightside transition region (6–14 Re) depending on solar wind parameters taken at different time lags. We aim to establish the hierarchy of predictors (V, N, Pd, Ekl = VByz sin2(θ/2), etc.) and the optimal range of their time delays, both depending on the distance and local time. We use THEMIS 5‐min averaged observations of energetic proton and electron fluxes in 2007–2018 near the plasma sheet midplane and build regression models exploring the combination of predictors, taken at time delays up to 24 h. The model obtained shows that protons and electrons are controlled differently by solar wind parameters: electrons are influenced equally by Vsw and Ekl, whereas protons are controlled mostly by Vsw and Pd and less by Ekl. We found that a wide range of time delays is involved depending on distance and particle energy. Specifically, the Ekl affects the energetic fluxes with time delays up to 24 h (or more), exhibiting the long delays in the innermost regions. As regards the mechanism of Vsw influence, the Vsw‐related flux changes are large and, to a large extent, established on the route of the energy flow from solar wind to the plasma sheet and, eventually, the inner magnetosphere. We also identified a new parameter, NBL = VByz cos2(θ/2), which helps to reveal the loss processes in the plasma sheet transition region.
Springtime Spatial Distributions of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds in the Yangtze River Estuary and Their Responses to Seawater Acidification and Dust
Authors: Gao Xu‐Xu , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Yang Gui‐Peng
Published: February 2021

The spatial distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated in the Yangtze River Estuary from 9 to 23 March, 2018. The average concentrations of DMS, dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), particulate DMSP (DMSPp), dissolved DMSO (DMSOd) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp) were 3.00 ± 2.53, 1.75 ± 1.08, 10.89 ± 14.28, 9.80 ± 7.79, and 9.51 ± 8.90 nmol L−1, respectively. The high DMS and DMSP concentrations occurred mainly in the open sea, exhibiting distribution patterns similar to chlorophyll a (Chl‐a). Due to the release of resuspended sediments, elevated DMSO concentrations were observed in the bottom waters of some stations. The three sulfur compounds were positively correlated with Chl‐a (p < 0.05), suggesting that phytoplankton played an essential role in the production of sulfur compounds. Comparisons with previous research showed that the concentrations of DMS, DMSP, and DMSOp exhibited clear seasonal variability. The average sea‐to‐air flux of DMS was 8.19 ± 12.94 μmol m−2 d−1 in the study area, indicating that the estuary and continental shelf sea were significant contributors to the global sulfur cycle. Ship‐based incubation experiments showed that lower pH inhibited the production of the three biogenic sulfur compounds, while the addition of dust promoted their release. Therefore, in the future, the inhibitory effect of seawater acidification on the production of phytoplankton and sulfur compounds might be offset, to some degree, by the input of nutrient‐rich dust.
The retail food environment and its association with body mass index in Mexico
Authors: Pineda Elisa , Brunner Eric J. , Llewellyn Clare H. , Mindell Jennifer S.
Published: February 2021

Background/Objective

Mexico has one of the highest rates of obesity and overweight worldwide, affecting 75% of the population. The country has experienced a dietary and food retail transition involving increased availability of high-calorie-dense foods and beverages. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the retail food environment and body mass index (BMI) in Mexico.

Subjects/Methods

Geographical and food outlet data were obtained from official statistics; anthropometric measurements and socioeconomic characteristics of adult participants (N = 22,219) came from the nationally representative 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Densities (store count/census tract area (CTA)) of convenience stores, restaurants, fast-food restaurants, supermarkets and fruit and vegetable stores were calculated. The association of retail food environment variables, sociodemographic data and BMI was tested using multilevel linear regression models.

Results

Convenience store density was high (mean (SD) = 50.0 (36.9)/CTA) compared with other food outlets in Mexico. A unit increase in density of convenience stores was associated with a 0.003 kg/m2(95% CI: 0.0006, 0.005,p = 0.011) increase in BMI, equivalent to 0.34 kg extra weight for an adult 1.60 m tall for every additional 10% store density increase (number of convenience stores per CTA (km2)). Metropolitan areas showed the highest density of food outlet concentration and the highest associations with BMI (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.004–0.01,p < 0.001). A 10% store density increase in these areas would represent a 1 kg increase in weight for an adult 1.60 m tall.

Conclusions

Convenience store density was associated with higher mean BMI in Mexican adults. An excessive convenience store availability, that offers unhealthy food options, coupled with low access to healthy food resources or stores retailing healthy food, including fruits and vegetables, may increase the risk of higher BMI. This is the first study to assess the association of the retail food environment and BMI at a national level in Mexico.
Functional patient-derived cellular models for neuropsychiatric drug discovery
Authors: Lago Santiago G. , Tomasik Jakub , Bahn Sabine
Published: February 2021

Mental health disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Challenges such as disease heterogeneity, incomplete characterization of the targets of existing drugs and a limited understanding of functional interactions of complex genetic risk loci and environmental factors have compromised the identification of novel drug candidates. There is a pressing clinical need for drugs with new mechanisms of action which address the lack of efficacy and debilitating side effects of current medications. Here we discuss a novel strategy for neuropsychiatric drug discovery which aims to address these limitations by identifying disease-related functional responses (‘functional cellular endophenotypes’) in a variety of patient-derived cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and organoids or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Disease-specific alterations in cellular responses can subsequently yield novel drug screening targets and drug candidates. We discuss the potential of this approach in the context of recent advances in patient-derived cellular models, high-content single-cell screening of cellular networks and changes in the diagnostic framework of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Dexamethasone accelerates muscle regeneration by modulating kinesin-1-mediated focal adhesion signals
Authors: Lin Jong-Wei , Huang Yi-Man , Chen Yin-Quan , Chuang Ting-Yun , Lan Tien-Yun , Liu Yen-Wenn , Pan Hung-Wei , You Li-Ru , Wang Yang-Kao , Lin Keng-hui , Chiou Arthur , Kuo Jean-Cheng
Published: February 2021

During differentiation, skeletal muscle develops mature multinucleated muscle fibers, which could contract to exert force on a substrate. Muscle dysfunction occurs progressively in patients with muscular dystrophy, leading to a loss of the ability to walk and eventually to death. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) has been used therapeutically to treat muscular dystrophy by an inhibition of inflammation, followed by slowing muscle degeneration and stabilizing muscle strength. Here, in mice with muscle injury, we found that Dex significantly promotes muscle regeneration via promoting kinesin-1 motor activity. Nevertheless, how Dex promotes myogenesis through kinesin-1 motors remains unclear. We found that Dex directly increases kinesin-1 motor activity, which is required for the expression of a myogenic marker (muscle myosin heavy chain 1/2), and also for the process of myoblast fusion and the formation of polarized myotubes. Upon differentiation, kinesin-1 mediates the recruitment of integrin β1 onto microtubules allowing delivery of the protein into focal adhesions. Integrin β1-mediated focal adhesion signaling then guides myoblast fusion towards a polarized morphology. By imposing geometric constrains via micropatterns, we have proved that cell adhesion is able to rescue the defects caused by kinesin-1 inhibition during the process of myogenesis. These discoveries reveal a mechanism by which Dex is able to promote myogenesis, and lead us towards approaches that are more efficient in improving skeletal muscle regeneration.
Author Correction: Phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater via hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology: a study on sustainable regeneration chemistries
Authors: Ownby Miles , Desrosiers David-Alexandre , Vaneeckhaute Céline
Published: February 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00104-7
A site-specific DNA methylation biosensor for both visual and magnetic determination based on lateral flow assay
Authors: Zhang Jiaxing , Liu Xiaonan , Zhang Sinong , Cai Yu , Ma Kang , Hua Kai , Cui Yali
Published: February 2021

Optical and magnetic signals facilitate the result interpretation and 0.1% target variant can be distinguished within 90 min from sequence discrepancy.
Photothermal therapy with silver nanoplates in HeLa cells studied byin situfluorescence microscopy
Authors: Rivas Aiello María Belén , Azcárate Julio C. , Zelaya Eugenia , David Gara Pedro , Bosio Gabriela N. , Gensch Thomas , Mártire Daniel O.
Published: February 2021

Low power femtosecond-pulsed NIR irradiation kills HeLa cells incubated with Ag nanoplates by both photothermal effect and optical breakdown leading to plasma formation that spreads fast through the cell.
Co-delivery of proteins and small molecule drugs for mitochondria-targeted combination therapy
Authors: Liew Si Si , Zhou Jia , Li Lin , Yao Shao Q.
Published: February 2021

Herein, we report the first use of gluthathione (GSH)-responsive nanogel-based carriers for mitochondria-targeted delivery of functional proteins and antibodies.
The high power conversion efficiency of a two-dimensional GeSe/AsP van der Waals heterostructure for solar energy cells
Authors: Liu Hong-Yao , Yang Chuan-Lu , Wang Mei-Shan , Ma Xiao-Guang
Published: February 2021

The theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a GeSe/AsP heterostructure is predicted to be 16.0% and can be promoted to 17.3% by applying 1% biaxial compression strain.
A new global potential energy surface of the SH2+(X4A′′) system and quantum calculations for the S+ + H2(v = 0–3, j = 0) reaction
Authors: Zhu Ziliang , Zhang Aijie , He Di , Li Wentao
Published: February 2021

A new global potential energy surface (PES) for the ground state of the SH2+(X4A′′) system is constructed using a permutation invariant polynomial neural network method.
Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics to understand the effect of ionic liquids on the aggregation of Pluronic copolymer solutions
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Germán , Schaeffer Nicolas , Lopes André M. , Pereira Jorge F. B. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: February 2021

The choline-hexanoate IL increases the biphasic region of Pluronic solutions.
Chemical energy storage enables the transformation of fossil energy systems to sustainability
Authors: Schlögl Robert
Published: February 2021

The enormous dimensions of sustainable energy transitions and their overarching systemic nature require adequate responses from chemical science.
Magnetic polymer nanomaterials for sample pretreatment in proteomics
Authors: Luo Bin , Yu Lingzhu , He Jia , Li Zhiyu , Lan Fang , Wu Yao
Published: February 2021

Design and preparation of magnetic polymer nanomaterials and their application in bioseparation.
Folding fluorescent probes for self-reporting transesterification in dynamic polymer networks
Authors: Wang Sheng , Wang Hong , Zhang Peisheng , Xue Lulu , Chen Jian , Cui Jiaxi
Published: February 2021

A novel molecular probe was developed for direct visualization of the dynamic chain exchanges in CANs.
First principles study of the stability of MXenes under an electron beam
Authors: Ibragimova Rina , Lv Zhong-Peng , Komsa Hannu-Pekka
Published: February 2021

Interactions between two-dimensional MXene sheets and electron beams of a (scanning) transmission electron microscope are studied by first-principles calculations.
A novel multifunctional flame retardant MXene/nanosilica hybrid for poly(vinyl alcohol) with simultaneously improved mechanical properties
Authors: Ning Haozhe , Ma Zhongying , Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Dan , Wang Yuhua
Published: February 2021

A new MXene-based flame retardant and a new strategy for the synthesis of multifunctional polymers.
A review of the hot spot analysis and the research status of single-atom catalysis based on the bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xing Yi , Guo Zefeng , Su Wei , Wen Wei , Wang Xiaona , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2021

The bibliometric method was used to analyze the development trend and research hotspots in past 10 years since the concept of single-atom catalysis was proposed in 2011. This article can provide some guidance for future research of SACs.
Ultrasensitive Fe3+ ion detection based on pH-insensitive fluorescent graphene nanosensors in strong acid and neutral media
Authors: Chen Songlin , Huang Yajing , Yang Yang , Luo Fanghua , Zhao Qinghua , Chen Guohua
Published: February 2021

Schematic illustration of the preparation of FRGO and the detection of Fe3+ ions in strong acid and neutral media.
Diiron azadithiolate clusters supported on carbon nanotubes for efficient electrocatalytic proton reduction
Authors: Zhao Pei-Hua , Li Jian-Rong , Ma Zhong-Yi , Han Hong-Fei , Qu Yong-Ping , Lu Bao-Ping
Published: February 2021

The first example of diiron azadithiolate clusters supported on carbon nanotubes (1-f-SWCNTs) was constructed via covalent attachment. This nanohybrid shows efficient electrocatalytic proton reduction with a TOF of 9444 s−1 in 0.2 N aqueous H2SO4.
Improving safety and thermal decomposition performance by the in situ synthesis of core–shell structured ammonium perchlorate/cobalt acetate hydroxide composites
Authors: Zhai Heng , Xu Pengfei , Li Yueqi , Ye Ping , Wang Ruihao , Guo Changping , Yang Guangcheng
Published: February 2021

The AP/Co3(CH3COO)5(OH) composites of the core–shell structure were prepared, the safety and thermal decomposition properties of AP were improved simultaneously, and the possible catalytic mechanism was analyzed.
The effect of deposition mechanism on the properties of epitaxial PbS films grown from acidic bath
Authors: Perez Maayan , Shandalov Michael , Golan Yuval , Templeman Tzvi , Ezersky Vladimir , Yahel Eyal
Published: February 2021

Monocrystalline, epitaxial PbS thin films were deposited from acidic bath on GaAs substrates. The effect of deposition mechanism on the optical properties of the films was analyzed using the Urbach theory.
A mechanistic study of the manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C–H isocyanation reaction
Authors: Liu Ning , Chen Xiahe , Jin Liyuan , Yang Yun-Fang , She Yuan-Bin
Published: February 2021

The favourable radical rebound pathway is NCO-rebound from the Mn(TMP)(NCO)2 complex due to the stronger trans effect of the axial ligand NCO and the electron-donating aryl substituents on the porphyrin ligand.
Generation of (E)-β-sulfonyl enamines from sulfur dioxide via a radical process
Authors: Tu Xiaodong , Huang Jiapian , Xie Wenlin , Zhu Tonghao , Wu Jie
Published: February 2021

An iron(ii)-catalyzed three-component reaction of O-acyl oximes, sulfur dioxide, and N-vinylacetamides is accomplished. Diverse (E)-β-sulfonyl enamines are obtained in moderate to good yields by using this protocol with excellent stereoselectivity and regioselectivity.
Design and organocatalytic synthesis of spirooxindole–cyclopentene–isoxazole hybrids as novel MDM2–p53 inhibitors
Authors: Xie Xin , Xiong Shan-Shan , Li Xiang , Huang He , Wu Feng-Bo , Shen Peng-Fei , Peng Cheng , He Gu , Han Bo
Published: February 2021

An organocatalytic 1,6-cycloaddition with exclusive α-regioselectivity to synthesize designed spirooxindole–cyclopentene–isoxazole hybrids as novel MDM2–p53 inhibitors.
A facile synthesis of Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with highly exposed (001) facets for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Jiang Kun , Zhang Jin , Luo Rui , Wan Yingfei , Liu Zengjian , Chen Jinwei
Published: February 2021

It is a great challenge to simultaneously improve the visible light absorption capacity and enhance photon-generated carrier separation efficiency of photocatalysts.
1D and 2D hybrid polymers based on zinc phenylphosphates: synthesis, characterization and applications in electroactive materials
Authors: Dębowski Maciej , Florjańczyk Zbigniew , Ostrowski Andrzej , Guńka Piotr A. , Zachara Janusz , Krztoń-Maziopa Anna , Chazarkiewicz Jakub , Iuliano Anna , Plichta Andrzej
Published: February 2021

Electrically conducting or electroresponsive smart materials derived from newly synthesized and characterized 1D/2D (nano)particles of zinc phenylphosphates are reported.
Discovery of fragments inducing conformational effects in dynamic proteins using a second-harmonic generation biosensor
Authors: FitzGerald Edward A. , Butko Margaret T. , Boronat Pierre , Cederfelt Daniela , Abramsson Mia , Ludviksdottir Hildur , van Muijlwijk-Koezen Jacqueline E. , de Esch Iwan J. P. , Dobritzsch Doreen , Young Tracy , Danielson U. Helena
Published: February 2021

Fragments inducing conformational changes identified at a dynamic region of AChBP.
N-type and p-type molecular doping on monolayer MoS2
Authors: Le Ong Kim , Chihaia Viorel , Van On Vo , Son Do Ngoc
Published: February 2021

Pressure controls electronic and optical properties of monolayer MoS2 with organic molecular adsorption.
The origin of the regiospecificity of acrolein dimerization
Authors: Quijano-Quiñones Ramiro F. , Guadarrama-Moreno Jareth , Quesadas-Rojas Mariana , Mena-Rejón Gonzalo J. , Castro-Segura Carolina S. , Cáceres-Castillo David
Published: February 2021

The NCI at the transition state are the key factor controlling the regiospecificity in the acrolein dimerization.
Freezing/thawing pretreatment of dormant Aspergillus niger spores to increase the Cr(vi) adsorption capacity: process and mechanism
Authors: Ren Binqiao , Zhao Luyang , Wang Yanli , Song Xiaoxiao , Jin Yu , Ouyang Fengju , Cui Chongwei , Zhang Hongwei
Published: February 2021

Freezing/thawing pretreatment of A. niger spores could lead to the development of a novel, efficient biomaterial for the removal of Cr(vi).
Enhanced high voltage performance of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode via the synergistic effect of LiPO2F2 and FEC in fluorinated electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Pan , Huang Jian , Liu Boyu , Zhou Mingjiong , Wen Bizheng , Luo Yu , Okada Shigeto
Published: February 2021

LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 can achieve great electrochemical performances because of the robust and protective fluorinated organic–inorganic film on the cathode, which derives from the FEC cosolvent and LiPO2F2 additive.
The effects of Fe-doping on MnO2: phase transitions, defect structures and its influence on electrical properties
Authors: Hastuti E. , Subhan A. , Amonpattaratkit P. , Zainuri M. , Suasmoro S.
Published: February 2021

Phase transformation from initially α-MnO2 to R-MnO2 due to Fe-doping cause modification of interatomic distances affects to the electrical properties.
Structural alterations in the catalytic core of hSIRT2 enzyme predict therapeutic benefits of Garcinia mangostana derivatives in Alzheimer's disease: molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Akawa Oluwole B. , Subair Temitayo I. , Soremekun Opeyemi S. , Olotu Fisayo A. , Soliman Mahmoud E. S.
Published: February 2021

Recent studies have shown that inhibition of the hSIRT2 enzyme provides favorable effects in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Strategies towards simpler configuration and higher peak capacity with comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Janta Pannipa , Pinyo Duangkamol , Yodta Yamonporn , Vasasiri Porames , Weidenbach Meinolf , Pursch Matthias , Yang Xiuhan (Grace) , Kulsing Chadin
Published: February 2021

Experimental and data analysis approaches in MDGC comprising comprehensive H/C and GC × GC were developed with an example application illustrated for analysis of a technical glycol precursor sample.
Facile mass preparation and characterization of Al/copper ferrites metastable intermolecular energetic nanocomposites
Authors: Sang Chao , Chen Keke , Li Guoping , Jin Shaohua , Luo Yunjun
Published: February 2021

Al/copper ferrites prepared by mild conditions have better thermal performance and catalytic performance for AP thermal decomposition.
A reduced graphene oxide-β-cyclodextrin nanocomposite-based electrode for electrochemical detection of curcumin
Authors: Mirzaei Behzad , Zarrabi Ali , Noorbakhsh Abdollah , Amini Abbas , Makvandi Pooyan
Published: February 2021

In this study, a sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on a beta-cyclodextrin–reduced graphene oxide (β-CD–rGO) nanocomposite for measuring curcumin concentration.
Synthesizing a high value-added composite photocatalyst using waste capacitors combined with PANI by a mechanical chemistry method
Authors: Cao Yilin , Niu Bo , Sun Honghuai , Xu Zhenming
Published: February 2021

The main components of waste capacitors are BaTiO3, Ag, Pd, Sn, Ni, Nb, and Pb, which are valuable to recycle.
Comparison of cubosomes and liposomes for the encapsulation and delivery of curcumin
Authors: Chang Cuihua , Meikle Thomas G. , Drummond Calum J. , Yang Yanjun , Conn Charlotte E.
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the use of lipid nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for curcumin. We explore the localization of curcumin within the lipid bilayer, entrapment efficiency, resulting nanoparticle morphology and cytotoxicity.
Dynamics and mechanism of liquid film collapse in a foam
Authors: Yanagisawa Naoya , Tani Marie , Kurita Rei
Published: February 2021

Collapse of liquid films in a foam is characteristic compared to that of individual films. The mechanism and physical conditions of collective bubble collapse which directly contribute to foam stability have been clarified.
Ultramicroporous carbon aerogels encapsulating sulfur as the cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Nojabaee Maryam , Sievert Brigitta , Schwan Marina , Schettler Jessica , Warth Frieder , Wagner Norbert , Milow Barbara , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: February 2021

In the presented study, a sulfur infiltrated ultra-microporous carbon aerogel as a composite cathode for lithium sulfur batteries is developed and investigated.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production in acidic media enabled by NiS2 nanosheets
Authors: Liang Jie , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Qian , Luo Yonglan , Li Tingshuai , Zhao Haitao , Lu Siyu , Zhang Fang , Asiri Abdullah M. , Liu Fenggang , Ma Dongwei , Sun Xuping
Published: February 2021

NiS2 acts as an active and selective electrocatalyst for the two-electron O2 reduction reaction in acids, achieving a selectivity of up to 99% and a H2O2 yield rate of 109 ppm h−1. The catalytic mechanism is further investigated by theoretical calculations.
Fast confocal Raman imaging via context-aware compressive sensing
Authors: Hu Chuanzhen , Wang Xianli , Liu Ling , Fu Chuanhai , Chu Kaiqin , Smith Zachary J.
Published: February 2021

CARCI is a fast confocal Raman imaging system using brightfield images to define the sample ROI, which is imaged 5×–10× faster using compressive sensing. This allowed 98 yeast cells to be imaged in a time a traditional system could only measure 20.
Design and synthesis of metabolic chemical reporters for the visualization and identification of glycoproteins
Authors: Pedowitz Nichole J. , Pratt Matthew R.
Published: February 2021

This review details a brief history of the synthesis and characterization of metabolic chemical reporters used to study glycosylation before describing recent applications and finishing with considerations and limitations of reporter molecules.
Adaptive chirality of achiral tetraphenylethene-based tetracationic cyclophanes with dual responses of fluorescence and circular dichroism in water
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Cheng Lin , Nian Hao , Du Jiang , Chen Tao , Cao Liping
Published: February 2021

Tetraphenylethene-based tetracationic cyclophanes exhibited adaptive chirality with fluorescence enhancement or/and induced CD when combined with ATP and DNA via hydrophobic effects and electrostatic interactions in water.
Pd/LA-catalyzed decarboxylation enabled exclusive [5 + 2] annulation toward N-aryl azepanes and DFT insights
Authors: Liu Teng , Fang Yuqi , Zuo Linhong , Yang Yulian , Liu Yin , Chen Weipeng , Dang Li , Guo Wusheng
Published: February 2021

A practical approach towards the synthesis of non-fused N-aryl azepane derivatives with diversity is described. DFT calculations revealed the origins of this unusual exclusive [5 + 2] rather than empirical [3 + 2] annulation process.
Dearomative 1,6-addition of P(O)–H to in situ formed p-QM-like ion pairs from 2-benzofuryl-ols to C3-phosphinoyl hydrobenzofurans
Authors: Chen Long , Zou Yun-Xiang , Zheng Shi-Lu , Liu Xiao-Yan , Yang Hong-Li , Zhang Jing , Zeng Yao , Duan Li , Wen Zhong , Ni Hai-Liang
Published: February 2021

We report a dearomative C3-phosphorylation and a tandem C3-phosphorylation/aromatization of 2-benzofuryl-ols with P(O)–H species to afford C3-phosphinoyl hydrobenzofurans and benzofurans, respectively.
Trichloranoids A–D, antimalarial sesquiterpenoid trimers from Chloranthus spicatus
Authors: Zhou Jun-Su , Liu Qun-Fang , Zimbres Flavia M. , Butler Joshua H. , Cassera Maria B. , Zhou Bin , Yue Jian-Min
Published: February 2021

Four new anti-malarial sesquiterpenoid trimers including two rearranged skeletons were isolated from Chloranthus spicatus. The structurally different but biogenetically related compounds 1, 2 and 5 rationalized the biradical pathway, and vice versa.
Metal-free alkynylsulfonylation of vinylarenes
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhou Huan , Li Yajun , Bao Hongli
Published: February 2021

A metal-free two-component alkynylsulfonylation of vinylarenes with aryl alkynylsulfones to afford various β-sulfonyl alkynes in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions is developed.