bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Vertebrate Codex Gene Breaking Protein Trap Library For Genomic Discovery and Disease Modeling Applications
Authors: Ichino Noriko , Serres MaKayla , Urban Rhianna , Urban Mark , Schaefbauer Kyle , Greif Lauren , Varshney Gaurav K. , Skuster Kimberly J. , McNulty Melissa , Daby Camden , Wang Ying , Liao Hsin-kai , El-Rass Suzan , Ding Yonghe , Liu Weibin , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Balciunas Darius , Hammerschmidt Matthias , Farber Steven A. , Wen Xiao-Yan , Xu Xiaolei , McGrail Maura , Essner Jeffrey J. , Burgess Shawn , Clark Karl J. , Ekker Stephen C.
Published: May 2019

The zebrafish is a powerful model to explore the molecular genetics and expression of the vertebrate genome. The gene break transposon (GBT) is a unique insertional mutagen that reports the expression of the tagged member of the proteome while generating Cre-revertible genetic alleles. This 1000+ locus collection represents novel codex expression data from the illuminated mRFP protein trap, with 36% and 87% of the cloned lines showcasing to our knowledge the first described expression of these genes at day 2 and day 4 of development, respectively. Analyses of 183 molecularly characterized loci indicate a rich mix of genes involved in diverse cellular processes from cell signaling to DNA repair. The mutagenicity of the GBT cassette is very high as assessed using both forward and reverse genetic approaches. Sampling over 150 lines for visible phenotypes after 5dpf shows a similar rate of discovery of embryonic phenotypes as ENU and retroviral mutagenesis. Furthermore, five cloned insertions were in loci with previously described phenotypes; embryos homozygous for each of the corresponding GBT alleles displayed strong loss of function phenotypes comparable to published mutants using other mutagenesis strategies (ryr1b,fras1,tnnt2a, edarandhmcn1). Using molecular assessment after positional cloning, to date nearly all alleles cause at least a 99+% knockdown of the tagged gene. Interestingly, over 35% of the cloned loci represent 68 mutants in zebrafish orthologs of human disease loci, including nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, digestive, musculoskeletal, immune and integument systems. The GBT protein trapping system enabled the construction of a comprehensive protein codex including novel expression annotation, identifying new functional roles of the vertebrate genome and generating a diverse collection of potential models of human disease.
COSPLAY: An expandable toolbox for combinatorial and swift generation of expression plasmids in yeast
Authors: Goulev Youlian , Matifas Audrey , Heyer Vincent , Reina-San-Martin Bernardo , Charvin Gilles
Published: May 2019

A large number of genetic studies in yeast rely on the use of expression vectors. To facilitate the experimental approach of these studies, several collections of expression vectors have been generated (YXplac, pRS series, etc.). Subsequently, these collections have been expanded by adding more diversity to many of the plasmid features, including new selection markers and new promoter sequences. However, the ever growing number of plasmid feature makes it unrealistic for research labs to maintain an up-to-date collection of plasmids.. Here, we developed the COSPLAY toolbox: a Golden Gate approach based on the scheme of a simple modular plasmid that recapitulates and completes all the properties of the pRS plasmids. The COSPLAY toolbox contains a basal collection of individual functional modules. Moreover we standardized a simple and rapid, software-assisted protocol which facilitates the addition of new personalized modules. Finally, our toolbox includes the possibility to select a genomic target location and to perform a single copy integration of the expression vector.
Probing the polarity of spontaneous perisomatic GABAergic synaptic transmission during epileptogenesis in the mouse CA3 circuit in vivo
Authors: Dubanet Olivier , Da Silva Arnaldo Ferreira Gomes , Frick Andreas , Hirase Hajime , Beyeler Anna , Leinekugel Xavier
Published: May 2019

Several studies suggest a contribution of reversed, excitatory GABA to epileptogenesis. But GABAergic transmission critically depends on the very dynamic combination of membrane potential, conductance and occurrence of other synaptic inputs. Taking this complexity into account implies measuring the postsynaptic responses to spontaneously occurring GABAergic events, in vivo, without interfering with neuronal [Cl-]i. Because of technical difficulties, this has not been achieved yet. We have overcome this challenge by combining in vivo extracellular detection of both optogenetically-evoked and spontaneously occurring unitary inhibitory postsynaptic field-potentials (fIPSPs), with the silicon probe recording of neuronal firing activity, with single cell resolution. We report that isolated acute seizures induced a global reversal of the polarity of CA3 hippocampal GABAergic transmission, shifting from inhibitory to excitatory for a duration of several tens of seconds before returning to normal polarity. Nevertheless we observed this reversed polarity only in the post-ictal period during which neurons (including GABAergic interneurons) were silent. Perisomatic inhibition was also affected during the course of epileptogenesis in the Kainate model of chronic epilepsy. One week after Kainate injection, the majority of pyramidal cells escaped inhibitory control by perisomatic GABAergic events. Besides, we did not observe a reversed polarity of fIPSPs, but fIPSPs provided time-locked excitation to a minor subset of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Beside methodological interests, our results suggest that subtle alterations in the regulation of [Cl-]i and perisomatic GABAergic transmission already operate in the hippocampal circuit during the latent period that precedes the establishment of chronic epilepsy.
Pathways to women’s empowerment in Bangladesh
Authors: Zafarullah Habib , Nawaz Faraha
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine two interventions toward women’s empowerment in Bangladesh – formal employment and microfinance, and to highlight two case studies supporting these interventions.

Design/methodology/approach

This interpretive-evaluative inquiry of the state of employment and microfinance as important interventions in women’s empowerment in Bangladesh is based on both primary and secondary sources. Theoretical insights and empirical evidence from previous research along with data from various sources inform the arguments.

Findings

Bangladeshi women are making steady progress toward empowerment through a gradual increase in female participation in the workforce, especially in the ready-made garment manufacturing sector. The expanding microfinance arena has also been providing a growing number of women the opportunity to undertake productive small-scale business ventures that also provide informal employment to unemployed women in rural areas. However, social and cultural constraints and overt conservatism has been a daunting challenge for enterprising women and those in formal employment continue to suffer from discrimination, harassment and unfavorable working conditions.

Originality/value

The paper will be of value to both researchers and policy makers in Bangladesh as it seeks to relate two specific interventions toward women’s empowerment from a broad conceptual perspective and interpretive analysis.
Large frugivores matter: Insights from network and seed dispersal effectiveness approaches
Authors: Naniwadekar Rohit , Chaplod Saniya , Datta Aparajita , Rathore Akanksha , Sridhar Hari
Published: May 2019

While large avian frugivores are known to be key dispersers for large‐seeded tree species, their role in community‐wide plant‐disperser networks is still poorly known. Large avian frugivores are also among the most threatened due to anthropogenic impacts.

We evaluated the role of large avian frugivores in a plant‐disperser community by (a) determining whether the plant‐disperser community was modular, with a distinct community of large frugivores (thereby highlighting their importance), (b) determining relative qualitative and quantitative roles played by large‐bodied frugivores vis‐à‐vis other frugivores and (c) determining impacts of large‐bodied frugivore loss on the plant‐disperser community.

The study was carried out at a tropical forest site in north‐east India, which is part of the Eastern Himalaya Biodiversity Hotspot. We collected tree watch data (20:55 hr) from 46 tree species, which represented 85% of tree species that are predominantly bird‐dispersed in the area.

We found that the plant‐disperser community was modular, with a distinct module of large‐seeded tree species and large frugivores. Intermediate‐sized frugivores such as barbets and bulbuls were the most connected, while large‐sized frugivores, such as hornbills and imperial pigeons, were moderately well connected. Qualitative and quantitative roles played by different dispersers varied across the gradient of frugivore body size. Hornbills, the largest avian frugivores, consumed a significantly greater number of fruits and swallowed larger proportions of fruits compared with other avian groups. In comparison with similar‐sized frugivores, imperial pigeons fed on larger‐sized fruits, highlighting their importance for dispersal of large‐seeded plants. Under simulated extinction scenarios, larger extinction cascades were not necessarily caused by larger frugivores; however, extinctions of certain large‐bodied frugivores (hornbills, imperial pigeons) caused extinction cascades.

Integrating information from networks and seed dispersal effectiveness approaches enabled a better understanding of large frugivore role in a plant‐disperser community. While large‐bodied frugivores may not be playing a central role in plant‐disperser communities, they are crucial as seed dispersal service providers for large‐seeded plants. In conjunction with the reported local extinctions of large frugivores like hornbills from the south Asian region, this study’s findings highlight the irreplaceable quantitative and qualitative impacts that tropical plant communities are likely to experience in the future.
Imagined Corporate Communities: Historical Sources and Discourses
Authors: Heller Michael , Rowlinson Michael
Published: May 2019

Corporations can be conceptualized as imagined communities, in which a sense of community is created through textual media rather than face‐to‐face communication. Historically the press, and newspapers in particular, provided texts through which nations could be imagined as communities. By analogy, historically company magazines can be seen as texts in which corporations were imagined as communities of employees. Company magazines were ubiquitous in large corporations by the second half of the twentieth century, and many continue in print or online. Three enduring discourses of ‘imagined corporate communities’ are identified from a sample of company magazines from four UK organizations for 1955, 1985 and 2005 – Royal Mail, Cadbury, the BBC and HSBC (formerly Midland Bank) – as well as periodicals for the professional bodies of magazine editors. These discourses explain the perceived role of company magazines and can be described as: ‘esprit de corps’, in which the corporation is imagined as an extended family, public school or tightly knit military unit with its own distinctive spirit; ‘brand community’, where the magazine's readers are imagined as ambassadors for the brand along with consumers; and ‘democratic polity’, where employees are seen as citizens and the magazine represents an independent voice holding management to account.
Robert Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis: A Reassertion of Robert Kennedy's Role as the President's ‘Indispensable Partner’ in the Successful Resolution of the Crisis
Authors: HAYES MATTHEW A.
Published: May 2019

In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of his death, this article examines the role Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (RFK) played in the successful resolution of the Cuban missile crisis, drawing on significant new archival sources only made available in recent years. It challenges prevailing approaches to the Cuban missile crisis which attempt to downplay or diminish RFK's role in the successful resolution of this extraordinary thirteen‐day period, when the world stood on the brink of nuclear war. It reconciles two contrasting profiles of RFK: the dovish profile set forth by insider accounts and the hawkish one propounded by revisionist historians. This article reveals the role of RFK to have been far more complex, fluid and essential in the successful resolution of the crisis than such rigid demarcations can encompass. This article justifies its assertion across two aspects to RFK's role: firstly, as an advisor in his own right; and, secondly, as de facto Chief of Staff, presidential agent and intermediary for his brother. Quite apart from their individual contributions, taken collectively these amount to an idiosyncratic and unique role. This article argues that it was a role that could not have been fulfilled by any other individual, and without which the crisis may not have been averted.
Geological and Fluid Inclusion Constraints on Gold Deposition Processes of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China
Authors: CHAI Peng , ZHANG Zhiyu , HOU Zengqian
Published: May 2019

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit, hosted mainly by Late Jurassic granitoids on Jiaodong Peninsula in eastern China, contains an estimated 170 t of gold and is one of the largest deposits within the Zhaoping fracture zone. The orebodies consist of auriferous altered pyrite–sericite–quartz granites that show Jiaojia‐type (i.e., disseminated and veinlet) mineralization. Mineralization and alteration are structurally controlled by the NE‐ to NNE‐striking Linglong detachment fault. The mineralization can be divided into four stages: (K‐feldspar)–pyrite–sericite–quartz, quartz–gold–pyrite, quartz–gold–polymetallic sulfide, and quartz–carbonate, with the majority of the gold being produced in the second and third stages. Based on a combination of petrography, microthermometry, and laser Raman spectroscopy, three types of fluid inclusion were identified in the vein minerals: NaCl–H2O (A‐type), CO2–H2O–NaCl (AC‐type), and pure CO2(PC‐type). Quartz crystals in veinlets that formed during the first stage contain mainly AC‐type fluid inclusions, with rare PC‐type inclusions. These fluid inclusions homogenize at temperatures of 251°C–403°C and have low salinities of 2.2–9.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. Quartz crystals that formed in the second and third stages contain all three types of fluid inclusions, with total homogenization temperatures of 216°C–339°C and salinities of 1.8–13.8 wt% NaCl equivalent for the second stage and homogenization temperatures of 195°C–321°C and salinities of 1.4–13.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for the third stage. In contrast, quartz crystals that formed in the fourth stage contains mainly A‐type fluid inclusions, with minor occurrences of AC‐type inclusions; these inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 106°C–287°C and salinities of 0.5–7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent. Gold in the ore‐forming fluids may have changed from Au(HS)0as the dominant species under acidic conditions and at relatively high temperatures andfO2in the early stages, to Au(HS)2–under neutral‐pH conditions at lower temperatures andfO2in the later stages. The precipitation of gold and other metals is inferred to be caused by a combination of fluid immiscibility and water–rock interaction.
A Quantitative Method for Active Fault Migration Distance Assessment on both Sides of Mid‐Ocean Ridges—Based on Multi‐Beam Data
Authors: FAN Qingkai , LI Jianghai , LIU Zhonglan , LIU Chiheng
Published: May 2019

Fracture‐fissure systems found at mid‐ocean ridges are dominating conduits for the circulation of metallogenic fluid. Ascertaining the distribution area of active faults on both sides of mid‐ocean ridges will provide a useful tool in the search for potential hydrothermal vents, thus guiding the exploration of modern seafloor sulfides. Considering the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge 20°N–24°N (NMAR) and North Chile Rise (NCR) as examples, fault elements such as Fault Spacing (ΔS) and Fault Heave (ΔX) can be identified and quantitatively measured. The methods used include Fourier filtering of the multi‐beam bathymetry data, in combination with measurements of the topographic slope, curvature, and slope aspect patterns. According to the Sequential Faulting Model of mid‐ocean ridges, the maximal migration distance of an active fault on either side of mid‐ocean ridges—that is, the distribution range of active faults—can be measured. Results show that the maximal migration distance of active faults at the NMAR is 0.76–1.01 km (the distance is larger at the center than at the ends of this segment), and at the NCR, the distribution range of active faults is 0.38–1.6 km. The migration distance of active faults on the two study areas is positively related to the axial variation of magma supply. In the NCR study area, where there is an abundant magma input, the number of faults within a certain distance is mainly affected by the variation of lithospheric thickness. Here a large range of faulting clearly corresponds to a high proportion of magmatism to seafloor spreading near mid‐ocean ridges (M) value, and in the study area of the NMAR, there is insufficient magmatism, and the number of faults may be controlled by both lithospheric thickness and magma supply, leading to a less obvious positive correlation between the distribution range of active faults and M.
A Strain Rate Dependent Constitutive Model for the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Fuling Gas Field of the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: HOU Zhenkun , LI Xianwen , ZHANG Yanming , LIANG Huqing , GUO Ying , CHENG Hanlie , GAO Ruchao
Published: May 2019

Shale, as a kind of brittle rock, often exhibits different nonlinear stress‐strain behavior, failure and time‐dependent behavior under different strain rates. To capture these features, this work conducted triaxial compression tests under axial strain rates ranging from 5×10−6 s−1 to 1×10−3 s−1. The results show that both elastic modulus and peak strength have a positive correlation relationship with strain rates. These strain rate‐dependent mechanical behaviors of shale are originated from damage growth, which is described by a damage parameter. When axial strain is the same, the damage parameter is positively correlated with strain rate. When strain rate is the same, with an increase of axial strain, the damage parameter decreases firstly from an initial value (about 0.1 to 0.2), soon reaches its minimum (about 0.1), and then increases to an asymptotic value of 0.8. Based on the experimental results, taking yield stress as the cut‐off point and considering damage variable evolution, a new measure of micro‐mechanical strength is proposed. Based on the Lemaitre's equivalent strain assumption and the new measure of micro‐mechanical strength, a statistical strain‐rate dependent damage constitutive model for shale that couples physically meaningful model parameters was established. Numerical back‐calculations of these triaxial compression tests results demonstrate the ability of the model to reproduce the primary features of the strain rate dependent mechanical behavior of shale.
Offshore Carbonate Facies Characterization and Reservoir Quality of Miocene Rocks in the Southern Margin of South China Sea
Authors: JANJUHAH Hammad Tariq , ALANSARI Abubaker
Published: May 2019

Carbonate rocks are important hydrocarbon reservoirs around the globe and in Southeast Asia a key one, particularly, is the Central Luconia province. Understanding the internal characteristics, distribution, geometry and lateral extent of these rocks is essential for exploration and production success. Detailed work on Miocene carbonate reservoir facies, north of Bintulu, offshore Sarawak includes qualitative and quantitative analysis of photomicrographs and reservoir quality, considering especially microporosity. Stratigraphically, these carbonates are known as Cycles IV and V and are represented by eight major facies types (F‐1 to F‐8]. They comprise: coated grain packstone (F‐1) (av. Ø = 3%, av. Kh = 0.5 mD) (av = Average; Ø = total porosity, and Kh = permeability); massive coral lime grainstone (F‐2) (av. Ø = 14.7%, av. Kh = 6 mD); oncolite lime grain‐dominated packstone (F‐3) (av. Ø = 10%, av. Kh = 4 mD); skeletal lime/dolo‐packstone (F‐4) (av. Ø = 15%, av. Kh = 4.6 mD); coral (platy) lime mud‐dominated packstone (F‐5) (av. Ø = 4%, av. Kh = 0.5 mD); coral (branching) lime‐dominated pack‐grainstone (F‐6) (av. Ø = 15%, av. Kh = 1 mD); cross‐bedded skeletal lime packstone (F‐7) (av. Ø = 20%, av. Kh = 2 mD); and bioturbated carbonate mudstone/chalk (F‐8) (av. Ø = 8%, av. Kh = 0.8 mD). Study of thin sections reveals that red algae, foraminifera, and corals are the dominant fossil components with a minor admixture of skeletal fragments of echinoderms, bivalves, bryozoans, and green algae. All parameters, e.g., facies characterization, petrography, porosity–permeability value, and microporosity value were utilized to obtain a reliable reservoir quality. The microporosity value was quantified using digital image analysis software and is significant for recognition of good reservoir quality. Consideration of the presence of microporosity against the total porosity in the carbonate rocks has improved the correlation coefficient (R2) value, which has increased from 0.51 to 0.82.
Lessons from the genomes of lindane‐degrading sphingomonads
Authors: Nagata Yuji , Kato Hiromi , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Tsuda Masataka
Published: May 2019

Bacterial strains capable of degrading man‐made xenobiotic compounds are good materials to study bacterial evolution towards new metabolic functions. Lindane (γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane, γ‐HCH, or γ‐BHC) is an especially good target compound for the purpose, because it is relatively recalcitrant but can be degraded by a limited range of bacterial strains. A comparison of the complete genome sequences of lindane‐degrading sphingomonad strains clearly demonstrated that (i) lindane‐degrading strains emerged from a number of different ancestral hosts that have recruited lin genes encoding enzymes that are able to channel lindane to central metabolites, (ii) in sphingomonads lin genes have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer mediated by different plasmids and in which IS6100 plays a role in recruitment and distribution of genes, and (iii) IS6100 plays a role in dynamic genome rearrangements providing genetic diversity to different strains and ability to evolve to other states. Lindane‐degrading bacteria whose genomes change so easily and quickly are also fascinating starting materials for tracing the bacterial evolution process experimentally in a relatively short time period. As the origin of the specific lin genes remains a mystery, such genes will be useful probes for exploring the cryptic ‘gene pool’ available to bacteria.
Design of a new pH‐activatable cell‐penetrating peptide for drug delivery into tumor cells
Authors: Zhang Yun , Li Li , Chang Linlin , Liu Hui , Song Jingjing , Liu Yue , Bao Hexin , Liu Beijun , Wang Rui , Ni Jingman
Published: May 2019

Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been considered as potential drug delivery vectors due to their remarkable membrane translocation capacity. However, lack of specificity and extreme systemic toxicity hamper their successful application for drug delivery. Here, we designed a new pH‐activatable CPP, LHHLLHHLHHLLHH‐NH2 (LH), by substitution of all lysines and two leucines of LKKLLKLLKKLLKL‐NH2 (LK) with histidines. As expected, histidine‐rich LH could be activated and penetrate into cells at pH 6.0, whereas its membrane transduction activity could be shielded at pH 7.4. In contrast, LK showed no obviously different cellular uptake at both pH conditions. Importantly, LH was significantly less cytotoxicity compared with LK at both pH values, suggesting a better safety for further application. In addition, after conjugation of camptothecin (CPT) with LH, this conjugate displayed remarkably pH‐dependent antitumor activity than free CPT and LK‐CPT. This study provides a new tumor pH‐responsive CPP with low toxicity for selective anticancer drug delivery.
Impact of surgical approach on short‐term oncological outcomes and recovery following low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Hyde L. Z. , Baser O. , Mehendale S. , Guo D. , Shah M. , Kiran R. P.
Published: May 2019

Aim

The aim was to evaluate the influence of operative approach for low anterior resection (LAR) on oncological and postoperative outcomes. Minimally invasive surgical approaches are increasingly used for the treatment of rectal cancer with mixed outcomes.

Method

We compared patients undergoing LAR in the National Cancer Database between 2010 and 2015 by surgical approach. Multivariable regression was used to identify risk factors associated with conversion rate, prolonged length of stay (LOS) and 30‐day unplanned readmission.

Results

During the study period, 41 282 patients underwent LAR: 6035 robotic‐assisted (RLAR) (14.6%), 13 826 laparoscopic (LLAR) (33.5%) and 21 421 open (OLAR) (51.9%). In propensity score matched analysis, RLAR compared to LLAR was associated with shorter LOS (6.3 vs 6.8 days, P < 0.0001), lower risk of prolonged LOS (22.1% vs 25.6%, P < 0.0001) and lower rate of conversion to open (7.5% vs 14.95%, P < 0.0001). Compared to OLAR, RLAR had shorter LOS (6.3 vs 7.8 days, P < 0.0001) and less prolonged LOS (14.1% vs. 20.9%, P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, for conversion to open, the laparoscopic approach was one of the risk factors; for prolonged LOS, conversion to open and non‐robotic approaches (i.e. LLAR and OLAR) were risk factors; and for unplanned 30‐day readmission, conversions and prolonged LOS were risk factors.

Conclusions

For patients with rectal cancer, RLAR shows recovery benefits over both open and laparoscopic LAR with reduced conversion to open compared with LLAR and less prolonged LOS compared with LLAR and OLAR. RLAR is associated with short‐term oncological outcomes comparable to OLAR, supporting its use in minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer.
Colorectal metastasis to the gallbladder mimicking a primary gallbladder malignancy: histopathological and molecular characteristics
Authors: de Bitter Tessa J J , van der Linden Ragna L A , van Vliet Shannon , Weren Fieke , Sie Daoud , Ylstra Bauke , van der Linden Hans C , Knijn Nikki , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J L , van der Post Rachel S , Simmer Femke , Nagtegaal Iris D
Published: May 2019

Aims

Outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and survival have steadily improved during the past decades, accompanied by an increased risk of developing second primary tumours and metastatic tumours at unusual sites. Metastatic CRC can show mucosal colonisation, thereby mimicking a second primary tumour. This potential confusion could lead to incorrect diagnosis and consequently inadequate treatment of the patient. The aim of this study was to differentiate between metastatic CRC and a second primary (gallbladder cancer, GBC) using a combination of standard histopathology and molecular techniques.

Methods and results

Ten consecutive patients with both CRC and GBC were identified in our region using the Dutch National Pathology Archive (PALGA). Two patients served as negative controls. Histology of GBC was reviewed by nine pathologists. A combination of immunohistochemistry, microsatellite analysis, genomewide DNA copy number analysis and targeted somatic mutation analysis was used to aid in differential diagnosis. In two patients, CRC and GBC were clonally related, as confirmed by somatic mutation analysis. For one case, this was confirmed by genomewide DNA copy number analysis. However, in both cases, pathologists initially considered the GBC as a second primary tumour.

Conclusions

Metastatic CRC displaying mucosal colonisation is often misinterpreted as a second primary tumour. A combination of traditional histopathology and molecular techniques improves this interpretation, and lowers the risk of inadequate treatment.
Individuating information influences partisan judgments
Authors: Price‐Blackshear Mollie A. , Sheldon Kennon M. , Corcoran Michael J. , Bettencourt B. Ann
Published: May 2019

Three studies examined whether Democrats and Republicans expressed favoritism toward an ingroup political candidate, even when the candidates were presented as positive and bipartisan. Participants rated electability and traits, after reading party consistent (Passage 1) and positive, bipartisan information (Passage 2). Conservatism (Studies 1–3), the cognitive reflection test (Studies 2–3), and ingroup loyalty (Study 3) were examined. Republicans showed initially higher favoritism after the first passage. Both Republicans and Democrats showed lower ingroup favoritism after reading the second passage, although Republicans continued to show more favoritism than Democrats in some circumstances. Conservatism was associated with greater favorability toward the Republican candidate. Our results showed no evidence that CRT or ingroup loyalty mediated these associations.
LncRNA MIR503HG inhibits cell migration and invasion via miR‐103/OLFM4 axis in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Fu Jia , Dong Guanjun , Shi Hui , Zhang Junfeng , Ning Zhaochen , Bao Xingna , Liu Chenjie , Hu Jing , Liu Minghui , Xiong Bin
Published: May 2019

Long non‐coding RNA MIR503 host gene (MIR503HG) is located on chromosome Xq26.3, and has been found to be deregulated in many types of human malignancy and function as tumour suppressor or promoter based on cancer types. The role of MIR503HG in breast cancer was still unknown. In our study, we found MIR503HG expression was significantly decreased in triple‐negative breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, we observed low MIR503HG expression was correlated with late clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. In the survival analysis, we observed that triple‐negative breast cancer patients with low MIR503HG expression had a statistically significant worse prognosis compared with those with high MIR503HG expression, and low MIR503HG expression was a poor independent prognostic factor for overall survival in triple‐negative breast cancer patients. The study in vitro suggested MIR503HG inhibits cell migration and invasion via miR‐103/OLFM4 axis in triple negative breast cancer. In conclusion, MIR503HG functions as a tumour suppressive long non‐coding RNA in triple negative breast cancer.
Periodontal status of individuals with Down syndrome: sociodemographic, behavioural and family perception influence
Authors: Nuernberg M. A. A. , Ivanaga C. A. , Haas A. N. , Aranega A. M. , Casarin R. C. V. , Caminaga R. M. S. , Garcia V. G. , Theodoro L. H.
Published: May 2019

Background

The aim of the present study was to assess the periodontal condition of individuals with Down syndrome and the association with sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and family perception of oral health.

Methods

This cross‐sectional observational study was performed at a referral centre for dental assistance to disabled persons in Araçatuba, Brazil. Parents of the individuals were interviewed, and the visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded by one periodontist in six sites per tooth of all teeth. The individual was the unit of analysis. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results

Sixty‐four subjects (23.8 ± 8.3 years old) were included. Eighteen (28.1%) were diagnosed with gingivitis and 46 (71.9%) with periodontitis. In the multiple logistic regression final model, age and self‐reported oral hygiene practices were associated with the occurrence of periodontitis. The chance of having periodontitis was 4.7 times higher among individuals older than 20 years and approximately 4 times higher in patients whose oral hygiene was performed by themselves and their parents, compared with those who performed oral hygiene alone. Sex, follow‐up time in the centre, education, degree of participants' dependence, flossing and family history of periodontal disease were not associated with the occurrence of periodontitis. Higher levels of plaque and bleeding were observed for participants with parents reporting bad gingival health (76.2% and 46.9%) and deficient oral hygiene (79.5% and 47.3%). The perception of parents regarding gingival bleeding was correlated with higher bleeding detected clinically (P = 0.01; 50.1%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of periodontitis in individuals with Down syndrome is high and increases with age, even in the face of the parents' perception about their children's oral condition.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta suppresses BACE1 expression by up‐regulating SOCS1 in a JAK2/STAT1‐dependent manner
Authors: Lee Won Jin , Ham Sun Ah , Lee Gyeong Hee , Choi Mi‐Jung , Yoo Hyunjin , Paek Kyung Shin , Lim Dae‐Seog , Hong Kwonho , Hwang Jung Seok , Seo Han Geuk
Published: May 2019

Neuronal expression of beta‐secretase 1 (BACE1) has been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate BACE1 expression are unclear. Here, we show that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta (PPARδ) decreases BACE1 expression by up‐regulating suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The activation of PPARδ by GW501516, a specific PPARδ agonist, inhibited expression of BACE1. This effect was abrogated by shRNA‐mediated knockdown of PPARδ and by treatment with the PPARδ antagonist GSK0660, indicating that PPARδ is involved in GW501516‐mediated suppression of BACE1 expression. On the other hand, GW501516‐activated PPARδ induced expression of SOCS1, which is a negative regulator of cytokine signal transduction, at the transcriptional level by binding to a PPAR response element in its promoter. This GW501516‐mediated induction of SOCS1 expression led to down‐regulation of BACE1 expression via inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. GW501516‐activated PPARδ suppressed the generation of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) in accordance with the decrease in BACE1 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that PPARδ attenuates BACE1 expression via SOCS1‐mediated inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling, thereby suppressing BACE1‐associated generation of neurotoxic Aβ.

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Surface contrast enhancement of integumentary structures in X‐ray tomography
Authors: Rühr Peter T. , Lambertz Markus
Published: May 2019

Micro‐computed tomography (μCT) has become standard in the biological sciences to reconstruct, display and analyse 3D models of all kinds of organisms. However, it is often impossible to capture fine details of the surface and the internal anatomy at the same time with sufficient contrast. Here we introduce a new approach for the selective contrast‐enhancement of integumentary surface structures. The method relies on conventional and readily available sputter coaters to cover the entire sample with a thin layer of gold atoms. This approach proved successful on a diverse array of plants and animals. On average, we achieved a 14.48‐fold gain of surface contrast (ranging from 2.42‐fold to 86.93‐fold) compared with untreated specimens. Even X‐ray‐transparent samples such as spider silk became accessible via μCT. This selective contrast‐enhancement, makes it possible to digitally reconstruct fine surface structures with low absorbance while the tissue‐dependent grey value resolution of the inner anatomy is maintained and remains fully visualisable. The methodology is suited for a broad scientific application across biology and other sciences employing (μ)CT, as well as educative and public outreach purposes.
Voice resilience: Fostering future voice after non‐endorsement of suggestions
Authors: King Danielle D. , Ryan Ann Marie , Van Dyne Linn
Published: May 2019

We draw on Gouldner's (1960, Am. Sociol. Rev., 25, 161) norm of reciprocity to accomplish three goals: (1) theoretically depict the employee voice process as an exchange relationship that is maintained when both parties provide benefits ‘in kind’ to each other; (2) introduce the notion of voice resilience, defined as subsequent engagement in voice despite adversity in the process (i.e., voice non‐endorsement); and (3) demonstrate the importance of voice safety as a key mechanism that facilitates voice resilience. When employees speak up to their leaders with suggestions for change, this behaviour is positively intended and represents a contribution to the leader and to the mutual relationship because voice is a risky behaviour. When leaders do not implement employee suggestions (non‐endorsement of voice) but reciprocate by providing adequate explanations for non‐endorsement, this should foster employee perceptions of voice safety and make it more likely that employees will speak up with suggestions in the future (subsequent voice). In sum, this mutual exchange of benefits, voice from the employee and adequate explanations for non‐endorsement from the leader, should foster voice resilience. Results across two studies (field and laboratory) demonstrate that sensitivity of explanations for non‐endorsement (not specificity) predicts follower's voice safety and subsequent voice. We discuss the theoretical implications of the more personal nature of sensitive explanations compared to the more descriptive and factual nature of specific explanations and consider the practical benefits of encouraging leaders and organizations to view the voice process as a mutual exchange relationship.

Practitioner points

Organizations can offer training and development on how to maintain voice exchange relationships even when leaders do not endorse employee suggestions.

Our work demonstrates that it is critically important for leaders to exhibit sensitivity in their non‐endorsement responses to employee suggestions.

If explanations in the voice process are delivered in a sensitive manner, our research shows that voice resilience can be achieved by fostering voice safety such that employees are significantly more likely to engage in subsequent voice.
Ontogeny of the hyoid apparatus in Jamaican fruit bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in unraveling the evolution of echolocation in bats
Authors: Carter R. T. , Stuckey A. , Adams R. A.
Published: May 2019

How echolocation and flight evolved in modern day bats is a compelling and largely unanswered question in biology. As laryngeal echolocation in bats is typified by a bony connection between the larynx and the auditory bulla via the hyoid apparatus, we developed an evolutionary‐developmental model of the hyoid to test hypotheses regarding the evolution of echolocation in bats. Using computed tomography of pre‐ and postnatal Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis), we showed that much of the hyoid apparatus was ossified prior to parturition. This includes the stereotypical articulation of the stylohyal bone with the auditory bulla found in laryngeal echolocating bats, where the cranial end of the stylohyal is flattened and wraps around the auditory bulla. Postnatally, thyrohyal ossification coincided with the development of increased echolocation call emission rate and the development of flight. We contend that the stepwise development of the hyoid apparatus of A. jamaicensis presented here serves as a proxy for the series of transitional forms that lead to the modern day hyoid apparatus and its cranial articulation with the auditory bulla in modern day laryngeally echolocating bats.
Intertidal gastropod assemblages shaped by key environmental variables across the northern Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Omanss
Authors: Amini‐Yekta Fatemeh , Shokri Mohammad Reza , Maghsoudlou Abdolvahab , Rajabi‐Maham Hassan
Published: May 2019

Variations in environmental factors can alter the species distribution pattern in intertidal rocky shores. The Persian Gulf (PG) and the Gulf of Oman (GO) vary substantially with respect to environmental and oceanographic conditions. The abundance and biodiversity of intertidal rocky gastropods in five locations across the northern PG and the GO were compared, and the environmental variables underlying the distribution pattern of these organisms were investigated. A total of 67 gastropod species were identified. The largest average density (294 ind./m2) and diversity (N = 43) for gastropods occurred in the Hotel Lipar station (LIP) located in Chabahar Bay in the GO. Clypeomorus bifasciata (107.43 ind./m2) followed by Cerithium caeruleum (94.67 ind./m2) were the most abundant species. Planaxis sulcatus and Siphonaria spp. occurred in all locations during both sampling occasions. Species richness and abundance of gastropods showed significant differences between LIP and remaining locations. A significant difference was found in assemblage structure across locations. In general, the species richness and density in the locations at GO were significantly larger than those locations in the PG, suggesting that the harsh environmental condition in the PG might be the forcing factor for this diminish. Distinct grouping was observed in both assemblage structure and species composition between locations in the PG and the GO. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of gastropods assemblages were significantly correlated with variation in salinity and substrate rugosity.
Recommendations for the prevention of deaths among nursing home residents with unexplained absences
Authors: Woolford Marta H. , Bugeja Lyndal , Weller Carolina , Boag Jane , Willoughby Melissa , Ibrahim Joseph E.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Unexplained absences (UAs) contribute to the mortality and morbidity rates in the nursing home (NH) population. Valuing expert professional knowledge and skills is central to the achievement of improved care in NHs. This study developed and prioritised recommendations to prevent deaths of NH residents (NHRs) with UAs.

Methods

Two expert consultation forums using the modified nominal group technique to develop recommendations were conducted, followed by an online survey to prioritise the most important recommendations for implementation. A framework applying the temporal dimension (“pre‐event,” “event” and “post‐event”) of an internationally accepted injury prevention framework, Haddon's Matrix, was applied to the recommendations. Participants were purposively sampled and identified via aged care organisations; and were selected based on their experience in aged care practice, policy, research, elder rights, seniors' law, or missing persons search and rescue (SAR).

Results

Forum one comprised six, and forum two comprised nine experts from mixed disciplines. Seven participants completed the online survey. Twenty recommendations to prevent future injury and death were developed, five of which were prioritised for implementation in the aged care sector. In order of priority, these include: universal UA definition; mandated SAR plan, early assessment of NHRs; unmet needs behavioural assessments; and participation in decision‐making.

Conclusions

The recommendations cover the broad spectrum of complex issues raised in managing unexplained absences, and are a vital first step towards informing care providers, governments and SAR teams about how to prevent injury and death of NHRs in residents with UAs. Future research should explore how to translate and evaluate the recommendations into practice.
Accuracy of ultrasound in measurement of the pediatric cricothyroid membrane
Authors: Walsh Bill , Fennessy Paul , Ni Mhuircheartaigh Roisin , Snow Aisling , McCarthy Kevin F. , McCaul Conan L.
Published: May 2019

Background

Emergency front of neck airway is a recommended airway rescue strategy in children over 1 year old. Surgical tracheostomy is advocated as the first‐line technique, but in the absence of an ear, nose and throat surgeon cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy is proposed. Recent research shows that clinical identification of the cricothyroid membrane is frequently inaccurate in older children and adults and has prompted investigation of ultrasound as a potential clinical tool for emergency front of neck airway. Advance knowledge of the dimensions of the pediatric cricothyroid membrane may assist clinicians in determining the feasibility of emergency front of neck airway, optimum technique, and equipment.

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound‐assisted pediatric cricothyroid membrane localization and dimension measurement using magnetic resonance imaging as the reference standard.

Methods

After structured training, two pediatric anesthesiology trainees used ultrasound to identify and measure the dimensions of the cricothyroid membrane in pediatric patients undergoing elective magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck under general anesthesia. A pediatric radiologist reviewed the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging scans and measured the height of the cricothyroid membrane. The accuracy of the cricothyroid membrane height as measured by ultrasound was compared to that measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Twenty‐two patients were included in the study. The cricothyroid membrane was accurately identified by ultrasound in all cases. The correlation coefficient for cricothyroid membrane height measured by ultrasound and that measured by magnetic resonance imaging was 0.98 (95% C.I 0.95‐0.99, P < 0.0001). The bias was −0.16 mm and the precision was 0.19 mm. All differences were within the a priori limits of agreement. The 95% limits of agreement were −0.54 to 0.22 mm.

Conclusion

Ultrasound can be used to accurately identify and measure cricothyroid membrane height in pediatric patients. This approach could have clinical and research utility.
Mixed‐methods evaluation of a transition and young adult clinic for kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Michaud Vanessa , Achille Marie , Chainey Fanie , Phan Véronique , Girardin Catherine , Clermont Marie‐José
Published: May 2019

The aims of the present study were to describe the experiences of kidney transplant patients attending a young adult clinic or a regular adult clinic, to explore similarities and differences between the groups, and to conduct an evaluation of the clinical and psychosocial outcomes of the young adult clinic, by comparing these outcomes to those of the regular adult clinic. A mixed‐methods design combining qualitative and quantitative data was used. Empirically validated questionnaires measuring self‐determination theory variables, quality of life, and adherence were distributed to all consenting patients attending the YAC (n = 17) and RAC (n = 16). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a subsample of the first (n = 10) and second group (n = 8), and analyzed using thematic analysis. Clinical outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Descriptive, correlational, and comparative analyses were performed. We found clinically significant differences on tacrolimus blood levels variability, self‐reported adherence, and physical quality of life. Small and medium effect sizes were detected. No statistical differences were found. Statistically significant correlations were found between self‐determination theory variables and both physical quality of life and different measures of adherence. Four themes characterized patients’ experiences: resilience; relational needs and the therapeutic alliance; quest for balance; and quest for normalcy. The young adult clinic seems to meet its initial objectives and to make a difference particularly in the early period post‐transition, but over time what matters most for patients is therapeutic alliance. Mental health issues need to be better addressed, and special attention should be paid to youths transplanted in an adult setting.