bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regionale universiteter og utdanningspolitiske paradokser
Authors: Bleiklie Ivar
Published: October 2019

The chapter seeks to shed light on university reforms in Norway since 1980 and asks how well-designed the reforms are regarding their capacity to strengthen the impact of universities in the regions where they are located. The chapter starts by asking how well-suited universities are to meet the expectations they face in the regions where they are located. It argues that the institutions in many ways have organizational characteristics – as academic and bureaucratic organizations – that are not well-suited to fulfilling varied and dynamic local needs. Subsequently the chapter analyzes the reforms and changes characterizing higher education – in terms of growth, internationalization and standardization – that may contribute to understanding the current situation. Finally, it takes a closer look at ongoing reforms and transformational processes and their indications of possible trends in the coming years. Here, changing expectations and tensions arising from multiple goals are emphasized in order to understand the obstacles faced by government attempts to enhance labor market relevance by means of structural reforms with institutional mergers as a main ingredient.
Universitet og region – en sammensatt relasjon
Authors: Arbo Peter
Published: October 2019

Over the past 50 years, there has been a large-scale expansion and decentralization of higher education in Norway. Today, there are universities throughout the country, and the institutions are expected to serve as drivers for regional development. This chapter explores the many-faceted and symbiotic relationship between university and region. The chapter is based on a comprehensive literature review and the author’s own empirical research. First, it examines the advantages and disadvantages that a region may have from a university. Next, the lens is turned and the question is: What difference can the region make to the university? Six major transformations outside and within the universities currently changing the ways in which universities and regions interact are then discussed. As a result of these changes, universities are facing increasingly complex demands and expectations, and the final part of the paper elucidates some of the dilemmas that this creates for the governance of the institutions.
Næringslivets samhandling med universiteter og høgskoler i og utenfor regionen: Funn fra en undersøkelse av norske bedrifter
Authors: Fitjar Rune Dahl , Rıza Alpaydın Utku Ali
Published: October 2019

The chapter examines collaboration with universities from the perspective of firms, drawing on survey data from 1200 Norwegian firms. Around one in five firms collaborate with a university. The firms provide various motives for collaborating, including access to knowledge, access to students and staff, and improving their reputation. The collaborations span a wide variety of different mechanisms, including research, teaching and other activities. Frequently used indicators of university-industry interaction, such as joint research projects and contract research, account for less than half of all collaborations, while informal consultations and training or educational programmes emerge as important areas of collaboration. In two-thirds of the cases, the local university is the most important partner for university-industry interaction, while the national technical university NTNU accounts for more than half of the most important inter-regional connections. In total, 93 percent of firms involved in university-industry interaction have connections to their local universities. However, half of them also interact with universities in other regions of Norway, and 30 percent with foreign universities. Hence, local universities can act as bridges that also enable firms to reach distant research groups.
Et paradigmeskifte sett nordfra
Authors: Haukland Linda Helén
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the integration of the Norwegian higher education field is analyzed in regard to the implementation of two reforms in Nordland County: the college reform in 1994 and the structural reform in 2015. The first resulted in two autonomous higher education institutions: Nesna College and Bodø University College. The last was a result of geographical considerations in connection with the location and autonomy of higher education institutions, here called ‘the geographical paradigm’ being replaced with quantitative measures of quality in a new academic paradigm. The structural reform led to the amalgamation of the two and, including Sør-Trøndelag University College, the formation of North University in 2016. One key question is how this paradigm shift occurred and in what way it affected the higher education institutions in Bodø and Nesna.
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN KIMIA
Authors: Budiariawan I Putu
Published: October 2019

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1)mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan hubungan antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar kimia siswa. (2) mengetahui dan menjelaskan besarnya koefisien korelasi antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar kimia siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIPA di SMA Negeri 2 Negara tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 72 orang dengan menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner motivasi belajar yang terdiri dari 20 pernyataan positif dan 15 pernyataan negatif dan data hasil belajar siswamenggunakan nilai UAS siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa(1) terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran kimia dengan hasil belajar kimia siswa. (2) Besarnya koefisien korelasi yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 0,391, yang berarti r hitung yang diperoleh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan r tabel yang telah ditentukan pada taraf signifikansi 5% yaitu 0,229, sehingga Hipotesis Nol (H0) dalam penelitian ini dapat ditolak.Berdasarkan hasil pemaparan diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar pada mata pelajaran kimia dengan hasil belajar kimia siswa. Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar, Motivasi Belajar, Pelajaran Kimia AbstractThis study aims to: (1) describe and explain the relationship between learning motivation and student chemistry learning outcomes. (2) knowing and explaining the magnitude of the correlation coefficient between learning motivation and student chemistry learning outcomes. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population of this study was all students of class XI MIPA in SMA Negeri 2 Negara the academic year 2017/2018 and the study sample amounted to 72 people using the cluster sampling technique. The data were collected using the research instrument in the form of a learning motivation questionnaire consisting of 20 positive statements and 15 negative statements and student learning outcomes data using the student UAS value. The results showed that (1) there was a positive and significant relationship between students' learning motivation in chemistry learning and student chemistry learning outcomes. (2) The magnitude of the correlation coefficient obtained is equal to 0.391, which means that the calculated r is greater than the r table that has been determined at the 5% significance level of 0.229, so the Zero Hypothesis (H0) in this study can be rejected. Based on the results of the explanation above, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation to learn on chemistry subjects and student chemistry learning outcomes. Keywords: Chemistry Learning,Learning Outcomes, Learning Motivation
Factores socioeconómicos como impulsores de vulnerabilidad alimentaria
Authors: Marceleño Flores Susana , De Haro Mota Rebeca , Nájera González Oyolsi
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se evalúa la vulnerabilidad alimentaria en los municipios de Nayarit a partir de la construcción de un índice que considera tres variables: desarrollo socioeconómico, inseguridad alimentaria y vulnerabilidad alimentaria. Dentro de los resultados se encuentra que el municipio de Del Nayar se ubica en un nivel muy alto de vulnerabilidad; mientras que Huajicori, Acaponeta, Rosamorada y Ruiz en un nivel alto de vulnerabilidad. Por otra parte, los factores identificados como impulsores de vulnerabilidad son la deficiente dotación de carreteras pavimentadas, la baja actividad económica y el bajo nivel de escolaridad del jefe o jefa de familia.
Opinión de la comunidad de Huajintlán, Morelos, sobre la vinculación con estudiantes de nivel superior
Authors: Montes de Oca Erika Román , Licea Resendiz Jesús Eduardo , García Hernández José Luís
Published: October 2019

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en la comunidad de Huajintlán, Morelos, México. Su objetivo fue conocer la opinión de los actores de la comunidad sobre las actividades realizadas mediante la vinculación con los estudiantes del Sistema de Integración al Medio Rural (SIMR). Se realizó una investigación de tipo cualitativa con la aplicación del método fenomenológico; la muestra se compuso de 30 personas, hombres y mujeres, cuyas edades oscilaban entre 24 y 65 años. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un instrumento con 17 ítems, el cual se aplicó a los pobladores de la comunidad que participaron en el desarrollo de las actividades con los alumnos.

Los resultados arrojaron que la primordial forma de inserción hacia la comunidad por parte de los estudiantes del SIMR se dio a través de las acciones realizadas con los niños que cursaban la primaria (84 %). Las principales actividades que llevaron a cabo los participantes de la comunidad con los estudiantes fueron la elaboración de mermeladas, mazapán y nieve (53 %), las cuales representaron una alternativa para generar ingresos, contribuir al gasto familiar y propiciar un intercambio de saberes entre los educandos y los habitantes de la comunidad; asimismo, manifestaron su disposición para contratar un estudiante una vez que egrese. El binomio vinculación-interacción está presente dentro de las actividades contempladas en la unidad de aprendizaje del SIMR de la Licenciatura en Desarrollo Rural. A través de este proceso se generaron beneficios y necesidades, los cuales son considerados como parte de los métodos que fomentan el crecimiento y desarrollo de los participantes mediante el contraste, la relación y la aplicación de la información recibida en el aula contra lo que está pasando en un escenario real en la comunidad.
Vulnerabilidad ante el uso del Internet de niños y jóvenes de comunidades mayahablantes del sureste de México
Authors: Domínguez Castillo José Gabriel , Cisneros Cohernour Edith Juliana , Quiñonez Pech Sergio Humberto
Published: October 2019

La Internet aporta muchos beneficios educativos a niños y jóvenes. Sin embargo, también expone a los estudiantes jóvenes a ciertos riesgos: a) tener acceso a contenido inapropiado, b) interacción con otros niños o adultos, c) exposición a prácticas agresivas de marketing y d) abuso infantil, sexual y emocional. Este artículo describe los resultados de una encuesta sobre la vulnerabilidad que enfrentan los niños y jóvenes de ocho comunidades de habla maya en el estado de Yucatán al sumergirse en la Web, particularmente en el cuidado de la privacidad de sus datos personales, su reputación digital y el ciberacoso. El estudio fue cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y transversal. Los participantes fueron 410 jóvenes, 51 % hombres y 49 % mujeres. Los resultados de la encuesta se compararon con las políticas sobre el uso de Internet descritas en documentos oficiales, como el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de México (2013-2018), Derechos del Niño en la Era Digital del Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia [Unicef] (2017) y la Ley para la Protección de los Derechos de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes del Estado de Yucatán (2015). Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de que los niños y los jóvenes de las comunidades de lengua maya tienen información y preparación muy limitadas con respecto a la seguridad cibernética y sobre los riesgos que podrían enfrentar al usar las redes digitales. Otros hallazgos indican que cuanto mayor sea el nivel de educación de los padres, mejores serán las habilidades tecnológicas de los jóvenes y mayor el uso responsable del Internet.
Diseño y validación de una escala para intereses propedéuticos en México
Authors: Ortiz-Barradas Abraham Manuel
Published: October 2019

Con el objetivo de diseñar y validar una escala de tipo Likert para la valoración de los intereses propedéuticos de los estudiantes del sistema de bachillerato general en México, se realizó un estudio en donde participaron 56 voluntarios distribuidos en tres grupos. El primero, con el propósito de establecer el juicio de expertos, se compuso de seis profesionistas de la educación con experiencia en el ámbito de la evaluación y la orientación vocacional; el segundo, con la finalidad de establecer la aplicación de una prueba piloto, estuvo integrado por 10 estudiantes de nivel bachillerato, y el último grupo, para la obtención de resultados, por 40 alumnos también de bachillerato. La escala aplicada se construyó con base en los lineamientos de los programas de estudio expresados en los documentos publicados por la Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) vigentes al año 2017. Los resultados se analizaron con programas estadísticos y se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.870, lo que indica una estabilidad y consistencia fiable de la escala.
Single Step Solid-State Synthesis of Lanthanum Molybdate
Authors: Avcioğlu S. , Mutuk T. , Gürbüz M. , Çevik S.
Published: October 2019

In this study, LaxMoyOz powders were synthesized by a cost-effective solid-state synthesis method. Four different heating cycles were designed to investigate the effects of synthesis temperature and holding time on lanthanum molybdate (LMO) formation, phase assemblies, particle size and morphology. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were performed to observe crystal structure and particle morphology of synthesized powders. The results showed that nearly ninety percent β - La2Mo2O9 (43,3 nm crystal size) phase was obtained at 1000 °C for 6 h holding time. Longer holding times at 1000 °C favor more oxygen-rich compounds which cause recrystallization of various new crystalline phases. The grain size of the synthesized powder was increased from 0,2 µm to 1,5 µm with increasing holding time. In summary, it is possible to manufacture LMO powders rich in β - La2Mo2O9 by one - step solid - state synthesis method. The phase assembles and particle size of LMO powders could also be tailored by optimization of heat treatment cycle.
Conditions of Economic Efficiency of Industrial Enterprises in the Enterprise Life Cycle Stages
Authors: Żurakowska-Sawa Joanna
Published: October 2019

Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study is to determine the variables determining the level of synthetic measure of economic efficiency in listed companies of the industry sector as part of their enterprise life cycle.

Materials and methods: The article uses data from annual unitary financial statements of industrial enterprises according to the classification of the Warsaw Stock Exchange and data describing the macroeconomic situation of the state economy. The research period covered the years 1999-2012. In order to examine which factors determine the level of economic efficiency at each stage of the life cycle of enterprises, estimation of econometric models was carried out.

Results: In the models obtained for companies in the growth and maturity stage, statistically significant determinants were obtained only in the field of internal factors. In the models estimated for companies in the stages of launch, shake-out and decline, statistically significant conditions were identified, both in terms of external factors and in the area of internal factors.

Conclusions: A comprehensive assessment of the conditions for the level of economic efficiency of enterprises should take into account both factors dependent on the enterprise (microeconomic) as well as those determined by the environment (macroeconomic) and beyond its control. It is therefore necessary for managers of enterprises to have extensive and up-to-date knowledge of factors and conditions that are significant in shaping the level of economic efficiency.
Quantitative Changes of Endogenous Factors Affecting the Economic Development of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship in 2004-2017
Authors: Kozak Sylwester , Grzęda Łukasz
Published: October 2019

Subject and purpose of work: The article presents a quantitative change of endogenous factors affecting the development of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship in 2004-2017.

Materials and methods: The research uses a comparative analysis based on the data of the Central Statistical Office included in the Local Data Bank and the Statistical Yearbooks of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship.

Results: The results of the research show that in 2004-2017 the economic state of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship have significantly improved due to, the expansion of the transportation infrastructure and significant resources of well-educated human capital of the society.

Conclusions: To a large extent, the pace of development of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship is impacted by the capital of Poland located there. Other factors favouring the dynamic development of the voivodeship are high density of roads and railway, along with well-educated human capital.
Development Performance of the Textile Industry of Serbia
Authors: Kostić Vladimir , Milutinović Miloš , Nikolić Miroljub
Published: October 2019

The textile industry is still significantly involved in production and employment in developed countries and is a major source of growth in many developing countries. As a business with a long history, the textile industry undergoes radical transformations at a global level. With the emergence of new competitors, global business conditions have changed significantly. Nevertheless, European manufacturers have remained world leaders in the production of industrial textiles and fashion clothing. Many European manufacturers resort to subcontracting or relocating capacity for labour-intensive activities in countries with lower labour costs, such as Serbia, in order to maintain competitiveness. The greatest success of the domestic textile industry was recorded in the late 1980s when it was a significant source of employment, the creation of added value and more balanced regional development. Although it is still not at the level of the 1980s, positive developments in the domestic textile industry appeared in 2016 in the direction of growth in production, employment and exports. The state seeks to accelerate the development of the textile industry through the subsidisation of foreign and domestic investors. However, growth that is primarily based on foreign direct investment is a long-term unsustainable concept. In order for growth to be sustainable, it is necessary to encourage the development of activities that produce greater added value and increase competitiveness. That is the reason why it is necessary to support the development of domestic enterprises, as well as the arrival of those foreign investments that generate multiple levels of added value.
Treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia with high-dose colistin under continuous veno-venous hemofiltration
Authors: Spapen Herbert , van Laethem Johan , Hites Maya , Verdoodt An , Diltoer Marc , Honoré Patrick M.
Published: October 2019

Background and Objectives

High-dose colistin (COL) ensures adequate treatment of pneumonia caused by multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) but must be weighed against a higher risk of nephrotoxicity. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) clears COL by filtering and membrane adsorption that permits to avoid dose accumulation and excessively high peak concentrations. We evaluated clinical/microbiological efficacy of the high-dose COL treatment under CVVH in patients with newly diagnosed MDR-GNB ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Methods

Observational cohort study in critically ill adult patients with MDR-GNB VAP. Colistimethate sodium (CMS) was administered as a 9 million international units (MIU) of loading dose followed by 3 × 4.5 MIU daily. CVVH was performed over a highly adsorptive membrane. Clinical and microbiological efficacies were assessed at the end of therapy. In survivors, serum creatinine level was evaluated before and at the end of therapy.

Results

Fourteen patients (8 male patients, aged 57 ± 14 years) were consecutively included. Isolated pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 7, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 5, and other Enterobacteriaceae in 2 patients. A favorable clinical response was observed in 9 patients (64%). Full and presumed microbiological eradication was observed in 12 patients (86%). Two patients were diagnosed with Stage 1 acute kidney injury.

Conclusions

In patients with MDR-GNB VAP, CVVH may represent an interesting option to enable effective high-dose COL treatment.
Treatment of Acetabular Defects with Porous Metal Augments in Revision Hip Surgery
Authors: Ciriviri Jasmin , Nestorovski Zoran , Talevski Darko , Vranishkovski Tode , Kostov Hristijan
Published: October 2019

Porous metal augments have been used successfully for management of large acetabular defects during revision hip arthroplasty. This study analyzes and compares the clinical and radiographic outcomes of porous metal augments in cemented and uncemented acetabular revisions, all performed at the same institution. In the period 2015-2017, 36 patients with 37 large acetabular defects were treated with porous metal augments in cemented and uncemented acetabular revisions. Postoperatively, patients were monitored for two years on average period of 24-36 months.

Acetabular augments were used when preoperative and intraoperative findings indicated the presence of large acetabular defects that can hinder the stability of the revision implants. We used lateral approach, 36 mm femoral head, and cementless or cemented acetabular cup depending on local bone quality. Postoperatively, all patients followed total hip arthroplasty precautions, with weight bearing as tolerated regimen with use of crutches during 6 weeks after surgery. The follow-up was radiological and clinical. We used HHS. At a mean follow-up of two years (range 24-36 months) one patient had reinfection and one patient had infection. None of the patients shown signs of aseptic augment or acetabular cup loosening. Porous metal augments show comparable excellent radiographic and clinical short-term outcomes, when combined with cemented or uncemented cups in revision hip arthroplasty. They allow good bone ingrowth, adequate implant contact and good stability. Complications were related to infection and not related to the augments itself.
Selected Aspects of the Management of Real Estates Owned by Legal Persons of Churches and other Religious Associations
Authors: Cienciała Agnieszka
Published: October 2019

At the end of 2012, there were 174 churches and religious associations operating in Poland (GUS 2014). Most of the individuals (nearly 96%) are the followers of the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic Church and its organizational units have legal personality, thereby enabling them to acquire, possess and dispose of the title to real estate and other property rights, and administer the properties. In the years 1944-1962, almost all ecclesiastical real estates were nationalized. The asset-related situation of church legal persons was regulated upon the entry into force of the Act of 17 May 1989 on the relations between the State and the Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland. In 1991-2004, the legislator also regulated the legal status of many other churches and religious associations. Moreover, a fairly uniform system of ecclesiastical reprivatization was developed.

For the purposes of the publication, analyses of selected aspects concerning the management of real estates owned by legal persons of churches and other religious associations in Poland have been carried out. Cases of the approaches adopted in other exemplary countries have also been presented. The intention is to indicate the rules in force as well as the problems encountered in this regard.
Slope position and management practices as factors influencing selected properties of topsoil
Authors: Šimanský Vladimír , Juriga Martin , Mendyk Łukasz
Published: October 2019

An interaction between the slope position and type of soil management practices could be one of the most important factor affecting several soil properties including soil structure. Therefore, we evaluated selected soil properties including soil structure parameters in relation to slope gradient and soil management practices between Trakovice and Bučany villages (western Slovakia). The sampling sites were located in two adjacent, gently sloping fields with a NW-SE orientation. The sites also differ in soil management type: Field No. 1 was used as arable land with intensive cultivation (IC) of crops, while a greening system (GS) had been established on Field No. 2. Soil samples were taken from five geomorphological zones at each slope: summit, shoulder, back-slope, toe slope and flat terrain under the slope. Results showed that soil pH, content of soil organic matter (SOM) and carbonates depended on land use of the slopes. In GS, the water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) 0.5–3 mm (favourable size fraction) displayed statistical significant quadratic polynomial trend along the slope gradient. In IC the values of mean weight diameter of dry sieved aggregates (MWDd) decreased significantly along the slope gradient, while in GS the opposite trend was observed. In IC significant correlations between carbonates content (r=-0.775, P<0.01), humic acids (HA) content (r=0.654, P<0.05), colour quotients of humic substances (r=-0.706, P<0.05), colour quotients of HA (r=-0.723, P<0.05) and MWDd were determined. In GS higher content of carbonates was followed by a decrease in content WSAma, MWDd, mean weight diameter of wet sieved aggregates (MWDw) and stability index of aggregates. At the same time stabile and labile soil organic matter improved soil structure parameters in GS.
Vertisols properties and classification in relation to parent material differentiation near Strzelin (SW Poland)
Authors: Dudek Michał , Waroszewski Jarosław , Kabała Cezary , Łabaz Beata
Published: October 2019

Vertisols are characterized by high content of clay fraction that affects their specific morphological and physical features. The shrink-swell phenomena of clayey materials under specific moisture regime cause formation of cracks, wedge-shaped structural aggregates and slickensides on aggregate surfaces. It was formerly believed that these soils can be found only in tropical/subtropical zones, thus Vertisols have not been expected to form under temperate climate of Central Europe. As a result, Vertisols are insufficiently recognized and documented on soil maps in Poland, including the Lower Silesia region. The aim of this study was to examine soils developed on clayey parent materials near Strzelin, focusing on their morphology, properties and classification issues. There was confirmed that soils developed from Neogene clays have vertic and mollic horizon, accompanied by stagnic or gleyic properties. However, not all soils fulfil the criteria for Vertisols due to the presence of surface or subsurface coarser-textured (sandyor silty-textured) layers. Native differentiation of parent material and geomorphological processes were found the main factors, which control the spatial mosaic of Vertisols and black earths (Chernozems or Phaeozems).
Environmental SWOT Analysis for Agricultural Extension in North Sinai Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Mansour Tamer Gamal Ibrahim , Abdelazez Mahmoud Alaa , Eleshmawi Khairy Hamed , Abd el- Ghani Salah Said
Published: October 2019

North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 2018. The results showed that the most important strengths of these were that a large proportion of the extension workers are specialized in agricultural extension, more than half of the guides were from rural areas and the high job satisfaction degree among of the majority of the extension workers while the most important weaknesses were Weak budget and inadequate funding for extension work, Absence of job description for the extension workers, and Lack of financial and material resources. On the other hand the most important opportunities were Availability of research institutes in the governorate, NGO-Public Sector Collaboration. While the most important threats were Decreased investments targeting the agricultural sector in general and the extension system in particular, Poor Farmer Organization, Security instability in the governorate. Depending upon SWOT outputs, some relevant strategies were discussed to develop agricultural extension system in the governorate through some dimensions that uses strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and to avoid threats or minimize their effects.
Economics of Maize and Bean Production: Why Farmers need to Shift to Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Production
Authors: Otieno Hillary Moses Omondi , Chemining‘wa George N. , Gachene Charles K. , Zingore Shamie
Published: October 2019

Maize and dry bean are the most important food crops that feed over 85% of Kenyan households. However, the productivity of these crops is low due to the high costs of land preparation and weed control, soil infertility and limited soil moisture under the current conventional tillage system of production. A study was carried in Embu County and Kirinyaga County to determine the economic returns of a maize-bean rotation system under different tillage systems and fertilizer regimes. Maize was produced during the long rains under no-till with crop residue retention (NT+CR) and conventional tillage with no crop residue retention (CT-CR) and inorganic fertilizer regimes (NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS). Dry bean was planted in the short rains in the same plots where maize under different nutrient management regimes and tillage systems had been grown and harvested. The trial was laid out in a split-plot design with the tillage method as the main plot and fertilizer as sub-plot. Economic performance was assessed using partial budget analysis based on labor data and prices of all inputs used during the production period. Grain yields were reduced by 10% to reflect farmers‘ yield levels. Maize and dry bean grains were sold at the prevailing farm gate prices. Results showed that maize-bean rotation was KE 22,718 cheaper under no-till with crop residue retention (NT+CR) than under conventional tillage with no crop residue retention (CT-CR). On average, NT+CR recorded KE 29,569 higher net benefit than CT-CR. The NT+CR tillage recorded a benefit to cost ratio of 3.7 compared to 2.7 recorded under CT-CR tillage system. The NT+CR with NK combined was the most profitable treatment with a benefit to cost ratio of 4.92 for maize and 4.33 for maize-bean rotation system. Based on this research, combination of no-till with crop residue retention has the potential to improve economic status and alleviate poverty among resource-constrained farmers.
Validation of The Weather Generator CLIGEN with Season Precipitation Data in Tokat Province
Authors: Demir Saniye , Oğuz İrfan
Published: October 2019

In models that predict hydrologic, ecological and product-yield relationship, the climate interface file is widely used. Today, CLIGEN is the most widely used climate model. While this model is extensively used in many countries around the world, it is not used commonly in our country. In this study, daily data belonging to Tokat climate conditions were simulated with CLIGEN. Observed and simulated precipitation was classified as the wet/dry period. The performance of the CLIGEN climate model was evaluated in both wet and dry periods according to the seasons. The relationship between the obtained precipitation data was statistically determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and t-test. Tokat province is located in the arid and semi-arid climate zone. The performance of the model in predicting precipitation in all seasons during the dry period was found to be quite successful.
Sensory Freshness Assessment of Ice Stored Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Shabani Fazli , Beli Elvira , Rexhepi Agim
Published: October 2019

Sensory quality characteristics of fish are very important factors on acceptance and market value of the product. Quality assessment of fish should be precise, fast, systematic and comprehensive regarding freshness attributes. The objectives of this study were to describe weather the QIM (Quality Index Method) scheme for salmonides can be used to determine the freshness and describe the sensory changes during storage. Quality assessment of the fresh water rainbow trout (n=36) was performed on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of ice storage on temperatures from 0.6-0.8Â°C. Through the QIM scheme the specific freshness attribute deterioration can be very well described and the QIM score produced a clear result, which showed that the deterioration of fish is linear and has a strong correlation with the time of storage. The QIM scheme for farmed salmon can be used to evaluate the freshness of the rainbow trout. It can also be used to ascertain and predict the remaining shelf life of rainbow trout stored in ice. Under similar conditions, the maximal shelf life of ungutted rainbow trout is 14±2 days or 15 demerit points of framed salmon QIM scheme.
Grape Leaves as a Natural Antioxidant Source: Determination of Total Phenolic Compound Changes
Authors: Babalık Zehra , Baydar Nilgün Göktürk
Published: October 2019

In this study, total phenolic compounds which possess health-promoting effects and provide basic nutrition were aimed to determine the alterations in different grapevine leaves. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method by using a spectrophotometer. At the result of the study, it was determined that contents of total phenolic in leaves collected from different grape cultivars were varied to cultivars and grape leaves had high phenolic compounds as berries. Therefore the grape leaves especially wine grapes such as Narince, Boğazkere ve Kalecik Karası may be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and food supplement at pharmaceutical and food industry.
Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles in Terms of Their Use in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Biterge-Süt Burcu , Canpolat Elif
Published: October 2019

Recently nanotechnology has become an integral part of modern biomedical applications. Accordingly, nanoparticles are considered as promising components for the development of innovative tags, probes, biosensors and carrier molecules for drug delivery. Spherical colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are prime candidates to be utilized for these purposes due to their useful physical properties. However, in order for the gold nanoparticles to be used in nanomedicine, their biological properties should be extensively studied as well. Therefore, in this paper we chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles and studied their physical and biological characteristics to determine their potential use in medicine. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution with sodium citrate. The physical properties of the AuNPs were determined by UV–vis spectrophotometer and Zetasizer readings. The antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were investigated via disk diffusion method. We found that the AuNPs were monodisperse, stable and not prone to aggregation with an average size of 22.12 nm and an emission band at 522 nm. The disk diffusion tests revealed that the gold nanoparticles did not have a significant growth inhibitory effect on the pathogens tested. In conclusion, here we showed the successful synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a safe and non-toxic method. Furthermore, our evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles suggests that these molecules could be considered as biologically safe molecules for future medical applications.
The Effects of Various Improvement Methods Applications on Herbage Yield of Natural Pastures
Authors: Çalık Ayşe , Polat Tahir
Published: October 2019

In this study, which was performed on an over-grazing pasture in Şanlıurfa under the influence of a dry climate, the effects of different breeding methods such as natural(control), fertilization, insemination, fertilization+insemination+insemination+insemination + release on natural pastures were investigated. In order to increase the yield potential of Natural Pastures in the research area, manure, seedling, fertilization+seedling, fertilization+seedling+version methods were applied on both protected and grazing fields. Using the transect method, key plant species in the region were determined. As a result of the research, according to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in grazing area was 47.98 kg/da fertilized seedlings and the lowest yield was 21.40 kg/da natural (control) seedlings. According to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in the protected area was obtained from 171.29 kg/da manure, and the lowest value was obtained from 82.77 kg/da natural (control) pasture. According to the results of breeding methods applied in the field of research; in addition to protecting pasture areas, a suitable fertilization is required. In addition, it was concluded that the desired result could be achieved by making a regular grazing according to the rules of grazing amanjman.
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Use Of Physics Learning Research Group (PLRG) Simulator To Increase Concept Mastery
Authors: Solehat Devi
Published: October 2019

Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) telah memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam bidang pendidikan. Pembelajaran yang lebih individual dan fleksibel dengan penekanan pada metode instruksi sedang menjadi tren yang berkembang di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini menekankan pada penggunaan komputer dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk memberikan instruksi dalam situasi kelas. Model Pembelajaran CAI berbantuan Physics Learning Research Group (PLRG) simulator digunakan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep siswa. PLRG simulator menekankan konsep fisika berbasis penyelidikan ilmiah bagi siswa sekolah dasar hingga perguruan tinggi. Populasi yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa Model Pembelajaran CAI berbantuan Physics Learning Research Group (PLRG) simulator dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai N-gain yang diperoleh oleh siswa pada kelas eksperimen. Peningkatan kemampuan penguasaan konsep siswa rata-rata berada pada kategori sedang.Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran CAI, PLRG Simulator, dan Penguasaan Konsep The development of information and communication technology has contributed significantly in education. More individual and flexible learning with an emphasis on instruction methods is becoming a growing trend throughout the world. This study emphasizes the use of computers in the teaching and learning process to provide instruction in classroom situations. The CAI learning model used of the Physics Learning Research Group (PLRG) simulator is used to improve the mastery of students' concepts. PLRG simulators emphasize the concept of physics based on scientific inquiry for elementary school to college students. The population used is students of class X High School. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the CAI Learning Model use of Physics Learning Research Group (PLRG) simulator could improve the mastery of students' concepts. This is indicated by the N-gain values obtained by the students in the experimental class. The improvement of students' concept mastery ability is on average in the medium category.Keywords: CAI Learning Model, PLRG Simulator, and Concept Mastery
Penggunaan Metode Bermain Snakes And Ladders pada Pembelajaran IPA Fisika untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Basri Syamsuriana , Akhmad Nur Amaliah
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran minat belajar fisika peserta didik dalam pembelajaran IPA fisika melalui metode bermain Snakes and Ladders di SMP Negeri 3 Barru Kabupaten Barru. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan ukuran populasi 125 peserta didik dan ukuran sampel 95 peserta didik. Teknik penarikan sampel  adalah Proporsional Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner, observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Data dianalisis dengan bantuan fasilitas IBM SPSS statistic 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran IPA FISIKA melalui metode bermain snakes and ladders secara umum berada pada kategori tinggi. Dengan indikator ketertarikan terhadap pelajaran berada pada kategori tinggi, indikator perhatian  terhadap pelajaran berada pada kategori tinggi dan indikator perasaan senang terhadap pelajaran berada pada kategori sangat tinggi.Kata kunci: Minat Belajar, Metode Bermain Snakes and Ladders This research aim is to abtain the overview of students interest in learning phisycs by using snakes and ladders play method at SMP 3 Barru in Barru Regency. The type of this research used was descriptive quantitative with population were 125 students and sample size were 95 students. Than, sampling technique was proportional random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaire, observation and interview and data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis. The results showed that students' learning interest in phisycs through the snakes and ladders method was generally high category. Furthermore indicators of interest , attention and feeling happy about lesson got high category.Keywords: Learning Interest, Playing Methods Snakes and Ladders.
The Relationship between Numeric Ability and Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Physics Subjects
Authors: Awaliyah Hikmah
Published: October 2019

This research was an ex-post facto with correlational analysis that aimed to analyze and testing the level of numerical ability and critical  thinking  skill was achieved by  the students of X class at SMA Negeri 8 in Gowa and the relationship between the two variables. Population this research were all students of X class at SMA Negeri 8 in Gowa, the sampling technique was random sampling obtained 92 respondens. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis included normality test, linearity test and the correlation of product moment test. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the level of numerical ability of students were in medium category, the level of critical thinking skill was in low category and there was positive and significant correlation between numerical ability and critical thinking skill of students of classes X class SMA Negeri 8 in Gowa.Keywords: numerical ability, critical thinking skillsPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex-post facto yang bersifat analisis korelasional yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji tingkat kemampuan numerik dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis yang dicapai peserta didik kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Gowa, serta hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Gowa, sampel penelitian diambil secara acak dengan teknik random sampling sebanyak 92 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskiptif dan analisis statistik inferensial yang meliputi uji normalitas, uji linearitas dan uji korelasi product moment. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan numerik peserta didik berada dalam kategori sedang, tingkat keterampilan berpikir kritis berada dalam kategori rendah, dan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kemampuan numerik dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada mata pelajaran fisika kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Gowa.Kata kunci: kemampuan numerik, keterampilan berpikir kritis