bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data worth analysis within a model-free data assimilation framework for soil moisture flow
Authors: Wang Yakun , Hu Xiaolong , Wang Lijun , Li Jinmin , Lin Lin , Huang Kai , Shi Liangsheng
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Conventional data worth (DW) analysis for soil water problems depends on physical dynamic models. The widespread occurrence of model structural errors and the strong nonlinearity of soil water flow may lead to biased or wrong worth assessment. By introducing the nonparametric data worth analysis (NP-DWA) framework coupled with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), this real-world case study attempts to assess the worth of potential soil moisture observations regarding the reconstruction of fully data-driven soil water flow models prior to data gathering. The DW of real-time soil moisture observations after Gaussian process training and Kalman update was quantified with three representative information metrics, including the trace, Shannon entropy difference and relative entropy. The sequential NP-DWA framework was examined by a number of cases in terms of the variable of interest, spatial location, observation error, and prior data content. Our results indicated that, similarly to the traditional DW analysis based on physical models, the overall increasing trend of the DW from the sequential augmentation of additional observations within the NP-DWA framework was also susceptible to interruptions by localized surges due to never-experienced atmospheric conditions (i.e., rainfall events). The difference is that this biased DW in the former is caused by model
structural errors triggered by contrasting scenarios, which is difficult to be compensated for by assimilating more prior data, while this performance
degradation in the NP-DWA can be effectively alleviated by enriching training scenarios or the appropriate amplification of observational noise
under extreme meteorological conditions. Nevertheless, a substantial
expansion of the prior data content may cause an unexpected increase in the DW
of future potential observations due to the possible introduction of ensuing observation noises. Hence, high-quality and representative small data may be a better choice than unfiltered big data. Compared with the observations in the surface layer with the strongest time variability, the soil water content in the middle layer robustly exhibited remarkable superiority in the construction of model-free soil moisture models. We also demonstrated that the DW assessment performance was jointly determined by 3C, i.e., the capacity of potential observation realizations to capture actual observations, the correlation of potential observations with the variables of interest and the choice of DW indicators. Direct mapping from regular meteorological data to soil water content within the NP-DWA mitigated the adverse effects of nonlinearity-related interference, which thus facilitated the identification of the soil moisture covariance matrix, especially the cross-covariance.
Effect of grape seed extract on the quality of local meat product (basturma) during storage
Authors: FADHIL Yaman Saad
Published: July 2023

Basturma is an Iraqi meat product produced to preserve meat in Iraq and manufactured from beef, fat, salt, and other spices. The goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of adding grape seed flour (GSF) in several doses (0, 1, 2, and 4%) on the local Iraqi meat product (basturma) stored at room temperature for 14 days. The proximate composition (moisture, crude fat, and crude protein) and microbiological properties (total plate count and coliform count) were investigated. In general, the applications of different concentrations of GSF showed significant differences in the moisture values throughout the storage period, and higher significant differences in the total bacteria count and coliform count have been noticed in all the treatments compared with the control treatment from the first day till the end of storage period. This study has demonstrated that GSF has the capability to be applied as a food ingredient in basturma.
Robotic surgery in Gynecology: the present and the future
Authors: Park JungYoon , Bak SeongEun , Song Jae-Yen , Chung Youn-Jee , Yuki Gen , Lee Su Jeong , Mun Jisu , Kim Mee-Ran
Published: July 2023

Since its introduction, laparoscopic surgery has been often preferred over open surgery in obstetrics and gynecology due to its advantages, such as less bleeding, lower incidence of adhesions, reduced postoperative pain, short hospital stay, and quick return to daily life. However, in the case of complex surgeries, laparoscopy presented some limitations. Nonetheless, since the 1980s, medical robots have been introduced to overcome the technical limitations of laparoscopy and start a new age for minimally invasive surgery. In this review, we explore the indications and advantages and disadvantages of robotic surgery in the field of gynecology, and try to assess the recent trend of robotic surgery.
Forest Fire Detection Using IoT
Authors: Patil Supriya
Published: July 2023

- India has 67.5 mHa of Forest cover, of which 44 mHa (65%) is prone to forest fires annually, causing a loss of approximately 105 million US dollars. The annual cost of fighting conventional forest fires with petrol is close to Rs 44 million. massive amount of fires that appear out of the blue. economic and ecological effects. The number of fires worldwide is rising. Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that seriously harm both natural and societal resources. Once the fire is started, it spreads quickly throughout the forest, causing enormous damage. Wildfires can occur for a variety of reasons, including lightning, extremely hot and dry weather, a severe drought, and human ignorance. Forests have suffered significant damage over the previous ten years, with the majority of those mishaps being brought on by forest fire. This IoT-based system uses a variety of sensors to rapidly identify wildfires. Using an Internet of Things NodeMcu module, it sends data to a server and notifies the system of the fire. This device will aid in the early detection of wildfires, making it easier to put them out or control them and preserving precious forest life. Key Words: 44mHa (65%), 44 million, IoT, NodeMcu, Server, Notifies,
Self-pruning in lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) after treatments with ichiphon, abscisic acid and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers
Authors: Paisey Elda Kristiani , Santosa Edi , Matra Deden Derajat , Kurniawati Ani , Supijatno Supijatno
Published: July 2023

Self-pruning can lower production costs, especially in the case of annual crops such as citrus. The study aimed to determine self-pruning of lime treated with growth regulators and a fertilizer. Self-pruning was applied on a one-year-old of Citrus aurantifolia from February 2020 to April 2022 in Bogor, Indonesia. The treatments used NPK at three levels: 22.5:7.5:2.5 g/tree, 32.5:17.5:12.5 g/tree, and 42.5:27.5:22.5 g/tree, and growth regulators: 500 ppm ichiphon + 100 µM ABA, 750 ppm ichiphon + 50 µM ABA, and 1000 ppm ichiphon. Initial symptoms of self-pruning, namely leaf fall, which correlated with the ethylene concentration in the leaves, occurred in all treatment applications. The combination of the NPK fertilizer 32.5:17.5:12.5 g/tree with 750 ppm ichiphon + 50 M ABA gave the highest ethylene concentration. The highest concentration of ABA was found on the first day after the treatment with the NPK fertilizer 42.5: 27:5: 22.5 g/tree and growth regulators 500 ppm ichiphon + 100 M ABA; however, it did not differ from the treatment with the NPK fertilizer 42.5: 27.5:22.5 g/tree and the 1000 ppm ichiphon growth regulator on the fourth and twelfth days. The percentage of secondary, tertiary, and deciduous branches did not differ between the treatments. Self-pruning that occurs as a result of induction by ichiphon, abscisic acid, and NPK fertilizers, can be an alternative to mechanical pruning.
Právo, literatura a formování státoprávní identity první republiky
Authors: Štěpáníková Markéta , Glogar Ondřej
Published: July 2023

The book examines the formation of the state-legal identity of the First Republic, within the framework of Law and Literature. By analysing literary works from the period immediately preceding the establishment of Czechoslovakia and the years immediately following, insights are gained into the story of law, lawyers and the state that can be read from them. The individual chapters are thus devoted to the place of Czech historical law in the context of the work of Alois Jirásek, women‘s rights in the context of the plays of the Mrštík brothers and Gabriela Preissová, the Czech national character in the stories of Jaroslav Hašek‘s The Good Soldier Svejk, and the portrait of the modern state and its lawyers in the texts of Karel Čapek. All these parts are then combined into a reflection on the possible dimensions of state identity of Czechoslovakia. The work uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines the methods of legal science, literary science, theatre studies and historical sciences. It responds to the growing interest in legal-literary research on nineteenth-century law and culture and offers insights into Central European realities that have been lacking in the predominantly Anglo-American Law and Literature.
Elements i recursos minerals : aplicacions i reciclatge
Authors: Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Tomasa Guix Oriol
Published: July 2023

Aquest llibre és fruit de la petició de professors, alumnes i visitants del Museu de Geologia Valentí Masachs de Manresa (UPC) de disposar d'un material que parlés del tema central del museu (les aplicacions dels elements i dels minerals) i l'ampliés. Ens hi hem posat i ara us el presentem. Desitgem que us sigui molt útil i que us ajudi a prendre consciència del lligam amb la Terra, que necessitem. I de la qual hem de fer servir els recursos geològics, si bé d'una manera sostenible al màxim, per nosaltres mateixos i per les generacions que vindran després de nosaltres.
Accident-Prone Locations on National Roads in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Widjajanti Endang
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to identify and formulate recommendations for improvements to Accident-Prone Locations (LRK) in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The approach methodology used includes collecting secondary data on accidents from the police and primary data through field surveys to analyze and rank the severity of accidents. The ranking is done through the value of the Equivalent Accident Number (EAN) and Upper Limit Control (UCL). The analysis results show that there are 18 points of Accident Prone Locations on the national road in Kupang Regency. These namely locations have an EAN value above the BKA and UCL values. A motorcycle is the dominant type of vehicle involved in an accident, and the dominant cause of accidents is the driving factor. The formulation of recommendations for improvement was carried out for 3 locations with the highest EAN values, namely Jl. Oesapa-Oesao Km 5, Km 1 and Km 4. For these three locations, the necessary treatment recommendations were formulated. This research has implications in helping identify and prioritize the most accident-prone locations. The study can also encourage the development or improvement of roads, sidewalks, street lighting, traffic signs, or other necessary infrastructure elements to enhance traffic safety in LRK.
Transposons are important contributors to gene expression variability under selection in rice populations
Authors: Castanera Raúl , Morales-Díaz Noemia , Gupta Sonal , Purugganan Michael , Casacuberta Josep M
Published: July 2023

Transposable elements (TEs) are an important source of genome variability. Here, we analyze their contribution to gene expression variability in rice by performing a TE insertion polymorphism expression quantitative trait locus mapping using expression data from 208 varieties from the Oryza sativa ssp. indica and O. sativa ssp. japonica subspecies. Our data show that TE insertions are associated with changes of expression of many genes known to be targets of rice domestication and breeding. An important fraction of these insertions were already present in the rice wild ancestors, and have been differentially selected in indica and japonica rice populations. Taken together, our results show that small changes of expression in signal transduction genes induced by TE insertions accompany the domestication and adaptation of rice populations.
Organization, functions, and mechanisms of the BBSome in development, ciliopathies, and beyond
Authors: Tian Xiaoyu , Zhao Huijie , Zhou Jun
Published: July 2023

The BBSome is an octameric protein complex that regulates ciliary transport and signaling. Mutations in BBSome subunits are closely associated with ciliary defects and lead to ciliopathies, notably Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in elucidating the molecular organization and functions of the BBSome complex. An improved understanding of BBSome-mediated biological events and molecular mechanisms is expected to help advance the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for BBSome-related diseases. Here, we review the current literature on the structural assembly, transport regulation, and molecular functions of the BBSome, emphasizing its roles in cilium-related processes. We also provide perspectives on the pathological role of the BBSome in ciliopathies as well as how these can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
mRNA sequencing reveals the distinct gene expression and biological functions in cardiac fibroblasts regulated by recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2
Authors: Sun Changye , Bai Mengru , Jia Yangyang , Tian Xiangqin , Guo Yonglong , Xu Xinhui , Guo Zhikun
Published: July 2023

After myocardial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiate into myofibroblasts, which express and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components for myocardial repair, but also promote myocardial fibrosis. Recombinant fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protein drug with low molecular weight can promote cell survival and angiogenesis, and it was found that FGF2 could inhibit the activation of CFs, suggesting FGF2 has great potential in myocardial repair. However, the regulatory role of FGF2 on CFs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that recombinant FGF2 significantly suppressed the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in CFs. Through RNA sequencing, we analyzed mRNA expression in CFs and the differently expressed genes regulated by FGF2, including 430 up-regulated genes and 391 down-regulated genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were strongly enriched in multiple biological functions, including ECM organization, cell adhesion, actin filament organization and axon guidance. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) show that ECM organization and actin filament organization are down-regulated, while axon guidance is up-regulated. Further cellular experiments indicate that the regulatory functions of FGF2 are consistent with the findings of the gene enrichment analysis. This study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of FGF2 in treating cardiac fibrosis and establishes a foundation for further research to uncover the underlying mechanisms of CFs gene expression regulated by FGF2.
The CMS Innovation Center’s Role in Addressing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Fowler Elizabeth , Rawal Purva , Sundaramoorthy Dilipan W. , de La Guardia Michael
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation volunteer greenhouse gas emissions reporting and technical assistance program for hospitals and hospital systems.
Optimizing the National Response to the Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis Syndemic
Authors: Levine Rachel L.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the rising rates of syphilis cases in the US and how the federal government is leading a coordinated response to address this resurgence involving enhancing testing, treatment, and education.
Engineering Atom‐Scale Cascade Catalysis via Multi‐Active Site Collaboration for Ampere‐Level CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Jin Chenghao , Lin Yue , Wang Yanan , Shi Jingbo , Li Ren , Liu Yijiang , Yue Zongye , Leng Kunyue , Zhao Yafei , Wang Yi , Han Xiao , Qu Yunteng , Bai Jinbo
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added multicarbon (C2+) productions offers an attractive route for renewable energy storage and CO2 utilization, but it remains challenging to achieve high C2+ selectivity at industrial‐level current density. Herein, a Mo1Cu single‐atom alloy (SAA) catalyst is reported that displays a remarkable C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 86.4% under 0.80 A cm−2. Furthermore, the C2+ partial current density over Mo1Cu reaches 1.33 A cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency surpasses 74.3%. The combination of operando spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) indicates the as‐prepared Mo1Cu SAA catalyst enables atom‐scale cascade catalysis via multi‐active site collaboration. The introduced Mo sites promote the H2O dissociation to fabricate active *H, meanwhile, the Cu sites (Cu0) far from Mo atom are active sites for the CO2 activation toward CO. Further, CO and *H are captured by the adjacent Cu sites (Cu&+) near Mo atom, accelerating CO conversion and C─C coupling process. Our findings benefit the design of tandem electrocatalysts at atomic scale for transforming CO2 to multicarbon products under a high conversion rate.
Inflammation Targeting‐Triggered Healing Hydrogel for In Situ Reconstruction of Colonic Mucosa
Authors: Chen Gaoxian , Li Xinyi , Xu Wei , Wang Haoze , Jiang Yichao , Shi Ruofan , Zhu Chengying , Xiao Zeyu
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by intestinal mucosal damage that exacerbates inflammation and promotes disease recurrence. Although hydrogel‐based therapies have shown potential for mucosal repair, challenges remain due to inadequate targeting and low hydrogel density, leading to ongoing infiltration of harmful substances and delayed mucosal healing. In this study, an inflammation‐targeting‐triggered healing hydrogel (ITTH hydrogel) is developed, composed of polyvinyl alcohol‐alginate microgels (PALMs) and a cyclodextrin polymer crosslinker (CPC). This hydrogel specifically targets inflamed colonic sites and crosslinks in situ to form a dense network. The results demonstrate that the ITTH hydrogel adheres effectively to inflamed colonic tissue in both IBD mouse models and human samples. The dense crosslinked network acts like the mucosal barrier, preventing the penetration of detrimental substances such as bacteria and small molecules, thereby protecting the underlying mucosal tissue. Furthermore, the ITTH hydrogel significantly improved therapeutic outcomes in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis. These findings suggest that the ITTH hydrogel is a promising candidate for in situ reconstruction of colonic mucosa and the treatment of IBD.
Diagnosing Epilepsy with Normal Interictal EEG Using Dynamic Network Models
Authors: Myers Patrick , Gunnarsdottir Kristin M. , Li Adam , Razskazovskiy Vlad , Craley Jeff , Chandler Alana , Wyeth Dale , Wyeth Edmund , Zaghloul Kareem A. , Inati Sara K. , Hopp Jennifer L. , Haridas Babitha , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Bagíc Anto , Kang Joon‐yi , Sperling Michael R. , Barot Niravkumar , Sarma Sridevi V. , Husari Khalil S.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Whereas a scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) is important for diagnosing epilepsy, a single routine EEG is limited in its diagnostic value. Only a small percentage of routine EEGs show interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and overall misdiagnosis rates of epilepsy are 20% to 30%. We aim to demonstrate how network properties in EEG recordings can be used to improve the speed and accuracy differentiating epilepsy from mimics, such as functional seizures – even in the absence of IEDs.

Methods

In this multicenter study, we analyzed routine scalp EEGs from 218 patients with suspected epilepsy and normal initial EEGs. The patients’ diagnoses were later confirmed based on an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) admission. About 46% ultimately being diagnosed with epilepsy and 54% with non‐epileptic conditions. A logistic regression model was trained using spectral and network‐derived EEG features to differentiate between epilepsy and non‐epilepsy. Of the 218 patients, 90% were used for training and 10% were held out for testing. Within the training set, 10‐fold cross validation was performed. The resulting tool was named “EpiScalp.”

Results

EpiScalp achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.940, an accuracy of 0.904, a sensitivity of 0.835, and a specificity of 0.963 in classifying patients as having epilepsy or not.

Interpretation

EpiScalp provides an accurate diagnostic aid from a single initial EEG recording, even in more challenging epilepsy cases with normal initial EEGs. This may represent a paradigm shift in epilepsy diagnosis by deriving an objective measure of epilepsy likelihood from previously uninformative EEGs. ANN NEUROL 2025
Ultrahochfester Beton für die Instandsetzung und Verstärkung von Brücken – Teil 1
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Leutbecher Torsten , Fehling Ekkehard , Middendorf Bernhard
Published: January 2025

Eine zunehmende Zahl an Straßenbrücken in Deutschland weist Defizite hinsichtlich Standsicherheit und Dauerhaftigkeit auf. Ein Ersatz der Bauwerke durch Neubauten ist kostenintensiv und bindet erhebliche materielle und personelle Ressourcen. Wie ein Blick in die Nachbarländer zeigt, stellt die Instandsetzung bzw. Verstärkung von Brückenüberbauten mittels dünner bewehrter Deckschichten aus ultrahochfestem Beton (UHFB) eine kostengünstige und vor allem dauerhafte Alternative zum Ersatzneubau dar. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags werden die grundsätzlichen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von UHFB im Brückenbestand vorgestellt und Konstruktionsweisen erläutert. Die besondere Eignung von UHFB für dieses Einsatzgebiet resultiert aus der Dichtigkeit seines Gefüges und seinem Widerstand gegen jede Form chemischen und physikalischen Angriffs, sodass UHFB ohne weitere Schutzmaßnahmen auch im Fahrbahnbereich eingesetzt werden kann. UHFB unterscheidet sich in seinen Stoffeigenschaften grundlegend von normalfestem und hochfestem Beton. Daher werden diese Aspekte im Detail vergleichend beleuchtet. Des Weiteren werden die wichtigsten mechanischen Eigenschaften dargestellt. Die Informationen können bspw. als Grundlage für eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall, für die Entwicklung oder Ergänzung technischer Regelwerke oder für die technischen Inhalte des Bauvertrags genutzt werden. Auf Aspekte der Ausführung und der Qualitätssicherung wird im zweiten Teil dieses Beitrags eingegangen.
Steigerung der Bearbeitungsgenauigkeit von Betonoberflächen durch robotergestütztes Fräsen
Authors: Hägle Marius , Stöhr Ben , Stark Alexander
Published: January 2025

Die Automatisierung von Prozessen im Bauwesen erlangt zunehmend an Bedeutung, um präzise materialeffiziente Bauteile herstellen zu können und dem Fachkräftemangel entgegenzuwirken. Ein vielversprechender Anwendungsbereich ist die robotergestützte Nachbearbeitung von modularen oder wiedergewonnenen Stahlbetonbauteilen. Für modulare Fertigteilkonstruktionen oder im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft sind insbesondere Trockenfugen mit sehr hoher Genauigkeit erforderlich, um die Bildung von Spannungsspitzen zu vermeiden und die Fertigungstoleranzen im Fügeprozess einzuhalten. Der Einsatz robotergestützter Bearbeitungsverfahren erfordert hierfür eine genaue Kenntnis der Arbeitsgenauigkeit. In diesem Beitrag wird die Arbeitsgenauigkeit für das Betonfräsen mit Industrierobotern zur Nachbearbeitung von Betonbauteilen systematisch untersucht und Einflussfaktoren identifiziert. Mithilfe von Beschleunigungsmessungen wird die Veränderung des Schwingungsverhaltens des Werkzeugs während des Fertigungsprozesses erfasst. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache und schnelle Qualitätskontrolle der gefrästen Oberflächen.
Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ficus benghalensis for Visible Light–Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities
Authors: Karthiga Perumal , Chitra Kethrabalan , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Mythili R. , Lee Jintae , Bharathi Devaraj
Published: January 2025

Crystal Violet (CV) is a vibrant and harmful dye known for its toxicity to aquatic life and potential carcinogenic effects on humans. This study explores the removal of CV through photocatalysis driven by visible light, as well as examining the antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from the aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm the optical properties, crystal lattices, and morphology of ZnO NPs. TEM images showed that the ZnO NPs had a spherical shape, with an average size of 40 to 80 nm. The photocatalytic analysis revealed that the synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited substantial activity under visible light, effectively degrading 90.6% of CV in an aqueous solution. The antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated against clinically relevant bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, revealing notable zones of inhibition. Moreover, the ZnO NPs exhibited antibiofilm activity of 96.8 ± 0.5% and 98.3 ± 0.3% against P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of the synthesized ZnO NPs as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and antibacterial applications.
Potential Role of Nonverbal Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gregorini Camilla , De Carli Pietro , Parolin Laura Antonia Lucia , Tschacher Wolfgang , Preti Emanuele
Published: January 2025

Background

Interpersonal synchrony entails the coordination of verbal and nonverbal features underlying communicative patterns. However, the strength of the association between the synchronisation of nonverbal features (movements and vocal tones) and therapeutic alliance and outcome remains unclear.

Objectives

This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the strength of (1) the association between nonverbal synchrony and perception of alliance reported by the patients, (2) the association between nonverbal synchrony and therapeutic outcome, and (3) the moderating role of the type of psychotherapeutic approach.

Methods

This meta‐analysis included 11 studies. Inclusion criteria were studies that utilised a quantitative measure of nonverbal synchrony in association with measures of therapeutic alliance and outcome.

Results

Random effects model indicated that nonverbal synchrony was significantly associated with the alliance perceived by the patient (r = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02–0.35; z = 2.18, p = 0.02); however, it was not significantly associated with the therapeutic outcome (r = 0.22; 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.47; z = 1.65, p = 0.09). No moderating effects were observed for the type of therapeutic approach.

Conclusions

These findings support the view that nonverbal synchrony is a central aspect of psychotherapy and highlight the possible interdependence between nonverbal synchrony and therapeutic alliance.
A Delphi Study Exploring Psychotherapeutic Priorities for Third and Fourth Generation Holocaust Survivors
Authors: Olstein Justin , Sheen Jade , Reupert Andrea
Published: January 2025

Background

The intergenerational effects of the Holocaust have been far‐reaching, with recent research demonstrating effects with regard to the survivors' grandchildren (third generation) and great‐grandchildren (fourth generation). However, little is known about how these effects should be broached by mental health clinicians.

Aims

This study aimed to develop a preliminary consensus around the Holocaust‐related areas most prioritised for discussion by third and fourth generation members in a psychotherapeutic context.

Materials and Methods

A two‐round online Delphi survey was used to facilitate this, and 29 third and fourth generation descendants participated. In round one, participants responded to open‐ended questions concerning how the intergenerational impacts of the Holocaust might be explored in therapy. In round two, participants rated statements derived from round one data in terms of their perceived importance.

Results

Ten therapeutic priorities were identified, revolving around a need for clinicians to explore the potential for intergenerational traumatisation and fears relating to experiencing antisemitism.

Discussion and Conclusion

The study's results indicate that the spectre of the Holocaust remains a prominent fixture in the lives of third and fourth generation descendants, requiring clinicians working with them to have particular skills and knowledge.
Drug‐Induced Cauda Equina Syndrome in an 8‐Year‐Old Boy With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Uncommon Case Report
Authors: Babaee Marzieh , Javadzadeh Mohsen , Hazeghi Ali
Published: January 2025

Intrathecal methotrexate can cause cauda equina syndrome in pediatric ALL patients, as demonstrated in this rare case of an 8‐year‐old boy. Symptoms included progressive limb weakness and urinary retention. Early recognition, prompt discontinuation of the offending agent, and multidisciplinary management are crucial. Vigilant neurological monitoring is essential for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving intrathecal chemotherapy.
A Real‐World Disproportionality Analysis of Histamine H2‐Receptors Antagonists (Famotidine): A Pharmacovigilance Study Based on Spontaneous Reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Cai Ying , Sun Yixin , Zeng Peiji , Wang Wei , Wang Wenhui , Jiang Xiaohua , Lian Yifan
Published: January 2025

Famotidine is an H2 receptor antagonist and is currently used on a large scale in gastroenterology. However, Famotidine may also cause severe toxicity to organ systems, including the blood system, digestive system, and urinary system. The objective of this study was to scientifically and systematically investigate the adverse events (AEs) of Famotidine in the real world through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. A disproportionality analysis was used to quantify the signals of AEs associated with Famotidine in FAERS data from the first quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2023. The clinical features, onset time, oral and intravenous administration and severe consequences of Famotidine induced AEs were further analyzed. Among the four tests, we found several AEs that were not mentioned in the drug label. For example, abdominal pain upper, abdominal discomfort, dyspepsia, liver disorder, gastrooesophageal reflux disease, and rhabdomyolysis. These AEs are consistent with the drug instructions. Interestingly, we found several unreported AEs, such as: cerebral infarction, hypocalcaemia, hallucination, visual, hypomagnesaemia, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes insipidus, vulvovaginal candidiasis, retro‐orbital neoplasm, neuroblastoma recurrent, and malignant cranial nerve neoplasm. Most of our findings are consistent with clinical observations and drug labels, and we also found possible new and unexpected AEs signals, which suggest the need for prospective clinical studies to confirm these results and explain their relationships. Our findings provide valuable evidence for further safety studies.
Endoscopic diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Tanaka Fumio , Sawada Akinari , Tanaka Sayaka , Kohashi Kenichi , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: January 2025

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease, and its incidence and prevalence have recently increased. Eosinophilic esophagitis has not become a rare disease; thus, knowledge for diagnosing it is needed in current clinical practice. The adequate management of endoscopic procedures is particularly important for the diagnosis and evaluation of inflammatory activity and therapeutic responses. The therapeutic options for eosinophilic esophagitis include anti‐acid drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, potassium‐competitive acid blockers, swallowed topical corticosteroids, biologics, and dietary elimination therapies. Moreover, endoscopic esophageal dilation is a therapeutic option for fibrotic strictures due to eosinophilic esophagitis to improve obstructive symptoms, such as dysphagia and food impaction. In this review, we describe the endoscopic characteristics of eosinophilic esophagitis, including an endoscopic reference score and an optimal biopsy protocol to diagnose and evaluate the therapeutic response. We also describe a current therapeutic management of eosinophilic esophagitis.
Synthetic Biology‐Based Engineering Cells for Drug Delivery
Authors: Yi Wenzhe , Hu Shuangshuang , Qian Xindi , Yan Wenlu , Li Yaping
Published: January 2025

Although drug delivery technology has promoted the clinical translation of small molecule drugs, there is an urgent need for advanced delivery systems to overcome complex physiological barriers and the increasing development of biological drugs. This review overviews the emerging applications of synthetic biology‐based engineered cells for drug delivery. We first introduce synthetic biology strategies to engineer cells for biological drug delivery and discuss the benefits in terms of specificity, intelligence, and controllability. Furthermore, we highlight the cutting‐edge advancements at the convergence of synthetic biology and nanotechnology in drug delivery. Nanotechnology expands the engineering design and construction concepts of synthetic biology, and synthetic biology drives the development for biotechnology‐driven nanomaterial synthesis. In the future, synthetic biology‐based engineered cells may be developed to be more modular, standardized, and intelligent, leading to significant breakthroughs in the construction of advanced drug delivery systems.
Predictive Role of Soluble B‐Cell Maturation Antigen in Short‐Term Monitoring of Differently Treated Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Caponi Laura , Del Giudice Maria Livia , Botti Alice , Ursino Silvia , Gennari Alberto , Paolicchi Aldo , Galimberti Sara , Buda Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Background

The management of multiple myeloma is challenging because the disease is incurable and unexpected relapses can threaten a patient's survival. Several assessment systems are currently available, but they often require invasive or costly procedures (e.g., instrumental bone marrow and whole‐body examinations) or rely on non‐specific markers in blood and urine that may not be sufficient to assess and monitor the disease.

Aims

To address some of these limitations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of soluble B‐Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA), a promising new serum biomarker, as a toll for moniting multiple myeloma patients.

Materials & Methods

An unselected cohort of 57 newly diagnosed or relapsed myeloma patients was followed up for 6 months after starting a new therapy. Soluble BCMA levels were measured in peripheral blood using a simple and inexpensive ELISA assay.

Results

Soluble BCMA was detectable in peripheral blood by a simple and inexpensive assay in all patients, even in non‐secretory disease or during BCMA‐targeted therapies, and significant changes in its levels were observed over time. The analysis showed that the decrease in sBCMA at 1 and 6 months reflects the quality of the clinical response to anti‐myeloma regimens.

Discussion & Conclusion

The data provide interesting insights into the usefulness of sBCMA as a non‐invasive tool for early assessment of treatment efficacy. Its simple and cost‐effective detection in peripheral blood could provide clinicians with an addiotional resource for monitoring disease progression and tailoring treatment strategies.
Circumflex Scapular Artery Perforator Flap and Its Surgical Refinements in Soft Tissue Reconstruction for Various Regions of the Foot and Ankle in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Sui Xinlei , Qing Liming , Yu Fang , Wu Panfeng , Tang Juyu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Reconstruction for various regions of the foot and ankle in pediatric patients remains a challenging topic. This study presents the circumflex scapular artery perforator (CSAP) flap and its surgical refinements for addressing soft tissue defects in various regions of the foot and ankle in pediatrics.

Patients and Methods

Forty‐seven patients underwent CSAP flap and its surgical refinements for the reconstruction of foot and ankle defects from 2010 to 2022. Mean age was 6.9 (range 2–14). Defects were observed in the ankle, dorsal foot, heel, and sole. The classic CSAP flap was used in 23 patients, and the CSAP flap with refined techniques was utilized in 24 patients, including double skin paddle, debulking, flow‐through, and chimeric CSAP flaps.

Results

The size of the CSAP flaps ranged between 4.5 × 4 and 18 × 6.5 cm2. All flaps survived except for one case. The patient suffered total flap necrosis and was treated with a secondary reconstructive surgery. Primary closure of the donor site was achieved in all cases. The average follow‐up period was 15.6 months. At the final follow‐up, the mean AOFAS score was 93.6 (range 77–100). Mean VAS flap appearance score was 8.1 (range 6–10). Most patients showed satisfactory results.

Conclusion

The CSAP flap and its surgical refinements are alternative options for repairing pediatric foot and ankle defects, especially in cases involving large defects around the ankle joint, dorsal foot, and non‐weight‐bearing regions of the heel and sole.
Dynamic Behaviors and Bifurcation Analysis of a Three‐Dimensional Filippov Ecosystem With Fear Effect
Authors: Hu Mengting , Xiang Changcheng , Chu Ben
Published: January 2025

A Filippov system of crop‐pest‐natural enemy with a Holling‐II type functional response function is developed based on the fear effect and threshold control strategy. The threshold control strategy is mainly a means of controlling pests and natural enemies. When the number of natural enemies is below a threshold, the natural enemies cannot achieve a controlling effect on the pest population and control is needed to suppress the outbreak. In this case, the fear of pests to natural enemies will affect the pest's survival mode, thus affecting the pest's dynamic behavior. However, the number of natural enemy population exceeds the threshold density, and there is no need to control the system. At this point, the pest's fear of natural enemies is almost zero. The dynamic behavior of the two subsystems of the model is discussed, the existence and stability of various equilibria are analyzed, and the existence of sliding and crossing regions is also investigated. In addition, it is possible that the established model has more than one pseudo‐equilibrium. Therefore, the dynamic behavior of the pseudo‐equilibria is analyzed, and we observe that Hopf bifurcation occurs near the pseudo‐equilibria. By numerically simulating the global sliding bifurcation of the system, we discover that as the bifurcation parameters are varied, the system exhibits a series of bifurcations such as grazing bifurcation, buckling bifurcation, crossing bifurcation, and period‐halving bifurcation.
A Novel All‐Metal Tunable Broadband Frequency‐Selective Surface
Authors: Li Liang , Zhang Pengfei , Yang Zhao
Published: January 2025

In this study, we design an all‐metal tunable broadband frequency selective surface (FSS) that eliminates the need for lossy dielectric substrates and active devices requiring complex bias DC voltage‐based control circuits. The FSS is constructed from three cascaded all‐metallic plates, each comprising cells formed by uniting two concentric four‐arm substructures. Those cascaded configuration exploits multi‐order filtering to obtain broadband and independently controllable odd‐mode resonance to generate tunable bandpass response. The operating mechanism of the proposed FSS is analyzed and verified by the results from full‐wave simulation, equivalent circuit calculation, and mode‐related analysis. The measured and simulated results show that the structure can provide a tunable bandwidth range from 6.40 to 10.0 GHz, with a maximum bandwidth of 43%. Additionally, the FSS maintains low insertion losses and stable performance for both TE and TM polarization across a wide range of incidence angles.
Design and development of pyrazol‐5‐ylbenzamide derivatives containing chiral oxazoline moiety as fungicides based on molecular docking
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Zhang Zhen , Huang Yuanjian , Wang Fanglei , Wang Dandan , Lv Xianhai , Chang Xihao
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Development of novel chiral antifungal agents for effective control of plant pathogens is urgently needed. In this study, a series of pyrazol‐5‐yl‐benzamide derivatives containing chiral oxazoline moiety were rationally designed and developed based on molecular docking.

RESULTS

The in vitro antifungal assay results indicated that compounds (rac)‐4h (R1 = Et), (S)‐4 h (R1 = S‐Et) and (R)‐4 h (R1 = R‐Et) exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Valsa mali with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.24, 0.06 and 1.08 mg/L, respectively. Preliminary structure–activity relationships (SARs) revealed that the modification of the chiral substituent group at the oxazoline moiety significantly affected the antifungal activities of the target compounds. Furthermore, compounds (S)‐4h (87.5%) and (R)‐4h (84.3%) exhibited in vivo protective activities comparable to tebuconazole (87.5%) against V. mali. Subsequent molecular docking analysis, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme inhibition assays and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations verified that the potential target enzyme of this class of derivatives could be SDH and helped to explain the large difference in antifungal activities of compounds (S)‐4h and (R)‐4h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations confirmed that these two compounds severely disrupted the mycelial morphology of V. mali. Theoretical calculation studies provided some insight into the subsequent modification of such pyrazol‐5‐yl‐benzamide derivatives. Resistance frequency studies showed that (S)‐4h and (R)‐4h treatments were less likely to produce resistant fungal strains than tebuconazole. Meanwhile, compounds (S)‐4h and (R)‐4h exhibited no apparent toxicity to the Apis mellifera L. population.

CONCLUSION

Therefore, these derivatives are potential candidates for the development of novel chiral fungicides for crop protection. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Advances in MEMS, Optical MEMS, and Nanophotonics Technologies for Volatile Organic Compound Detection and Applications
Authors: Li Dongxiao , Zhou Hong , Ren Zhihao , Lee Chengkuo
Published: January 2025

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of organic compounds with high vapor pressure and low boiling points, widely present in both natural environments and human activities. VOCs released from various sources not only contribute to environmental pollution but also pose threats to ecosystems and human health. Moreover, some VOCs are considered biomarkers in exhaled breath and can be utilized to identify various diseases. Therefore, monitoring and controlling VOC emissions and concentrations are crucial for safeguarding the environment and human health. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS)‐based sensing and optical sensing technologies, offering new avenues for VOC detection. This article provides a comprehensive overview of research progress in MEMS and optical VOC sensors, focusing on their sensing mechanisms and classifications. It then discusses the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing VOC identification and quantification, as well as trends toward sensor miniaturization and intelligence. Furthermore, the article highlights the diverse applications of VOC sensors in medical diagnostics, agricultural food testing, and the Internet of Things. Finally, it emphasizes the opportunities and challenges associated with MEMS and optical VOC sensors, providing valuable insights for practical applications.
Copper Tantalate by a Sodium‐Driven Flux‐Mediated Synthesis for Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Köche Ariadne , Hong Kootak , Seo Sehun , Babbe Finn , Gim Hyeongyu , Kim Keon‐Han , Choi Hojoong , Jung Yoonsung , Oh Inhyeok , Krishnamurthy Gnanavel Vaidhyanathan , Störmer Michael , Lee Sanghan , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Bell Alexis T. , Khan Sherdil , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Toma Francesca M.
Published: January 2025

Copper‐tantalate, Cu2Ta4O11 (CTO), shows significant promise as an efficient photocathode for multi‐carbon compounds (C2+) production through photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction, owing to its suitable energy bands and catalytic surface. However, synthesizing CTO poses a significant challenge due to its metastable nature and thermal instability. In this study, this challenge is addressed by employing a flux‐mediated synthesis technique using a sodium‐based flux to create sodium‐doped CTO (Na‐CTO) thin films, providing enhanced nucleation and stabilization for the CTO phase. To evaluate the PEC performance and catalytic properties of the films, copper(II) oxide (CuO) at the Na‐CTO surface is selectively etched. The etched Na‐CTO shows a lower dark current, with decreased contribution from photocorrosion, unlike the non‐etched Na‐CTO which has remaining CuO on the surface. Furthermore, Na‐CTO exhibits 7.3‐fold ethylene selectivity over hydrogen, thus highlighting its promising potential as a photocathode for C2+ production through PEC CO2 reduction.
Bifunctional NiCo‐CuO Nanostructures: A Promising Catalyst for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Kumaravelu Thanigai Arul , Nga Ta Thi Thuy , J Ramana Ramya , J Gajendiran , M Karthikeyan , Chou Wu‐Ching , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Chen Chi‐Liang , Lin Bi‐Hsuan , Du Chao‐Hung , Yeh Ping‐Hung , Kandasami Asokan , Hsu Ju‐Hung , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Dong Chung‐Li
Published: January 2025

This investigation explores the potential of co‐incorporating nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) into copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures for bifunctional electrochemical charge storage and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). A facile wet chemical synthesis method is employed to co‐incorporate Ni and Co into CuO, yielding diverse nanostructured morphologies, including rods, spheres, and flake. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analyses confirmed the formation of NiCo‐CuO nanostructure, with minor phases of nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4). High‐resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) also confirms the diverse morphologies and the minor phases of oxides. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy revealed higher charge states of Cu, Ni, and Co in the NiCo‐CuO nanostructure, enhancing its charge storage and OER. Site‐selective X‐ray absorption near edge structure analysis elucidated the spatial distribution of Cu, Ni, and Co in the nanostructure. Furthermore, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy provided insights into the local atomic structures, revealing increased coordination numbers and interatomic distances in the NiCo‐CuO nanostructure. In situ Raman analysis discloses the transformation of Co3O4 into cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) and cobalt oxide (CoO)  into cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) The NiCo‐CuO nanostructures exhibited superior specific capacitance, favorable Tafel behavior, and low overpotential positioning as promising bifunctional materials for energy storage and conversion applications. This work contributes to the development of efficient CuO nanocatalysts.