bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitions to Future Energy Systems: Learning from a Community Test Field
Authors: Sareen Siddharth , Baillie Douglas , Kleinwächter Jürgen
Published: November 2018

This article explores the challenges of transitioning towards future energy systems in a solar test field within the eco-community of Tamera, Portugal. We examine what findings can point to wider actionability and how. First, we consider how Tamera’s solar test field has addressed energy transition challenges. We unpack the nature of stability and change in achieving 60 percent energy autonomy; trace the linkages to spatiotemporal issues implicated in this sociotechnical process informed by keen commitment to energy justice; and dwell on the test field’s socioeconomic considerations at its interface with the Portuguese institutional framework and global connections. Second, we identify which findings can fertilise policy and action across European contexts. Considerations in gradually installing sub-100 kW solar capacity contrast starkly with the current proliferation of grid-scale solar in southern Portugal, raising questions about the actionability of knowledge on sociotechnical transitions. We co-generate ideas on how such contextualised epistemological advances can aid our understanding of societal energy transitions. The article encourages socially informed, integrated policy pathways. It speaks to building epistemological complementarities between applied researchers and practicing agents; problematises linking across scale between a community and institutionalising powers; and calls for actionable efforts that integrate systems thinking and power dynamics towards transformation.
Effect of Physical Environment and Programs on the Social Interaction of Youth Space Users in Seoul in the Case of Pilot Projects
Authors: Jo Yeong-Im , Lee Joo-Lim , Koo Ja-Hoon
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the structure of a community space for local youth, called the Zero Gravity Zone, on the social interaction and satisfaction of its users. The factors of social interaction were influenced by the level of relationship, fellowship and participation. The research sites were the Youth Space G-valley (YS_G) and the Youth Space Daebang-dong (YS_D) in Seoul. As its research method, this study utilized partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling to analyze the influence structure. Results showed that YS_G, which is mainly used by office workers, has a significant effect on the overall satisfaction and social interaction of its users by providing physical space. On the other hand, YS_D, which is mainly used by college students and job-seekers, has a significant effect on the overall satisfaction and social interaction of its users by providing programs. Based on the above results, rather than standardizing operational spaces, it is necessary to plan and operate spaces such as these around the characteristics of the youth in each region to ensure frequent social interaction, which is the policy goal of the youth community.
Valuing Improved Power Supply Reliability for Manufacturing Firms in South Korea: Results from a Choice Experiment Survey
Authors: Kim Doo-Chun , Kim Hyo-Jin , Yoo Seung-Hoon
Published: November 2018

An outage of electricity may cause considerable economic damage to industrial sectors. Thus, South Korea electricity authorities demand information about the value of improved power supply reliability for the manufacturing sector to implement them in planning electricity supply. This article aims to measure the value using a specific case of South Korean manufacturing firms. The choice experiment (CE) approach is adopted for this purpose. A nationwide CE survey of 1148 manufacturing firms was undertaken. The firms revealed statistically significant willingness to pay for a decrease in the duration of interruption, avoiding interruption during daytime (9 a.m. to 6 p.m.) rather than off-daytime (6 p.m. to 9 a.m.), and preventing interruption during weekdays rather than weekend. For example, they accepted a 0.02% increase in the electricity bill for reducing one minute of interruption during electricity outage, a 2.98% increase in the electricity bill to avoid interruption during the daytime rather than off-daytime, and a 1.60% increase in electricity bill for preventing interruption during weekdays rather than weekends. However, they put no importance on the season of interruption. These results can be useful for policy-making and decision-making regarding improving electricity supply reliability.
Future Development of Taiwan’s Smart Cities from an Information Security Perspective
Authors: Wu Shiann Ming , Guo Dongqiang , Wu Yenchun Jim , Wu Yung Chang
Published: November 2018

Smart cities are primarily based on information and communications technology development and applications across various academic subjects and domains. Integrating new-generation information and communications technologies, including the Internet of Things data collection, cloud computation, big data applications, and mobile network, smart cities organize the people and things of a city according to application needs to perform real-time computation and processing. Information transmission must be rapid and reliable to protect personal privacy and to secure data. All types of information security problems can lead to disastrous consequences; in particular, they pose great challenges to traditional information security systems. To explore possible solutions to the challenges that Taiwan’s smart city information security faces, this study used the enterprise architecture method and discussed the emphasis and investment capacity of the government and enterprises on information security. Moreover, this study reviewed correct methods of using a smart information security collaborative system to protect not only privacy, however also networks with a large attack surface; the purpose was to establish a reliable data sharing practice and alleviate the cascading effect of failures of smart networks. Finally, this paper provides future research directions for building smart cities and encouraging further explorations in this domain. It is hoped that smart cities can conduct overall planning for information security during the process of construction. Future researchers will be able to propose more effective solutions for smart city information security while developing information and communication technologies.
A Method for Determining the Required Power Capacity of an On-Shore Power System Considering Uncertainties of Arriving Ships
Authors: Peng Yun , Li Xiangda , Wang Wenyuan , Liu Ke , Bing Xiao , Song Xiangqun
Published: November 2018

The contribution of this paper is to provide a method for determining the required power capacity of an on-shore power system (OPS) considering the stochastic nature of arriving ships. In order to cope with such complicated and stochastic operation processes in container terminals, simulation models are established with arrival intervals of ships ranging from 1 to 100 h as inputs. Firstly, the mobile pattern of OPS adopted in the container terminal is introduced. Then, patterns of arriving ships are analyzed to explain why a simulation method is necessary. Next, a series of simulation experiments based on a container terminal in China are constructed and carried out. Finally, the required power capacity of an OPS under different arrival intervals is given when considering all berthed ships using an OPS. Besides, with the consideration of reducing environmental impact of ships at different levels, the required power capacity is provided with different proportions of arriving ships using an OPS. The results obtained, and the proposed method can be used to provide references for government policy making and green container terminal construction.
Critical Success Factors of Student Relationship Management
Authors: Gholami Hamed , Saman Muhamad Zameri Mat , Sharif Safian , Zakuan Norhayati , Abu Falah , Awang Siti Rahmah
Published: November 2018

Due to the upward trend in the globalization of sustainability issues and the intense competitive environment, it is evident that higher education institutions need new strategic approaches to succeed. To this end, the inquiry for this paper has been made into the debate about student relationship management. Going through the literature indicates that institutions have mainly perceived the concept as a technological initiative for solving the problems in individual domains, accompanied by uncoordinated efforts. Thus, the aims of this study are to theoretically present the critical success factors of this strategic approach and to empirically examine the recognized factors. To do so, a confirmatory factor analysis that is a quantitative analytic method was performed. The results and analyses revealed that there has been a significant correlation between the four critical success factors including knowledge management, student relationship management technology, student orientation, and employees’ involvement. It was also found that these factors are significantly correlated with the construct of student relationship management success. The findings have consequently highlighted that in addition to the technological tool, the role of knowledge management, employees’ involvement, and student orientation appeared to be particularly important for the implementation of the application.
Integrated Optimization of Stop Location and Route Design for Community Shuttle Service
Authors: Guo Xiaole , Song Rui , He Shiwei , Bi Mingkai , Jin Guowei
Published: November 2018

The community shuttle system plays an important role in serving communities with a heavy travel demand for the metro service. Stop location and route design are the two main decisions of planning a community shuttle service. Those two decisions are interrelated and interact, and are strongly related to the user cost and operating cost. The optimal stop location and route can help to reduce the walking distance of passengers and the route length. To make a trade-off between the walking distance of passengers and route length, we propose a discrete optimization problem. A single integrated formulation is established to optimize stop location and route design. Planners can decide the stop location and route design of the community shuttle system simultaneously based on this formulation. Then, we present a non-dominated sorting genetic (NSGA-II) based algorithm to obtain the non-dominated solutions of the discrete optimization formulation. The numerical experiments and a case study based on real-world data are used to demonstrate that the proposed solution method can yield a set of plans of stop location and route in a reasonable time. We also find that when the maximum tolerable walking distance is set to 418 m, the trade-off between the total walking distance of passengers and route length can be obtained.
Using the R Language to Manage and Show Statistical Information in the Cloud
Authors: Fonseca i Casas Pau , Tormos Raül
Published: November 2018

We present a methodology to enable users to interact with the statistical information (survey data) of a public opinion institute which is stored in Cloud infrastructure. Mainly using R, this approach was developed following the open-data philosophy. Also, as we used R, the implementation is mainly based on open-source software. R has several advantages from the point of view of data management and acquisition, as it is becoming a common framework that can be used to structure the processes involved in any statistical operation. It further simplifies the access to data and enables the use of all the power of R in Cloud infrastructure. This methodology was applied successfully to develop a tool to manage the data of the Centre d’Estudis d’Opinió, but it can be applied to other institutions to enable open access to their data. The infrastructure was also deployed to Cloud infrastructure to assure its scalability and 24/7 access.
A Mechanism Underlying Attenuation of Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Carrying Reporter Genes
Authors: Zhao Xiujuan , Wang Lin , Cui Qinghua , Li Ping , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Yingying , Yang Yong , Rong Lijun , Du Ruikun
Published: November 2018

Influenza A viruses (IAV) carrying reporter genes provide a powerful tool to study viral infection and pathogenesis in vivo, however, incorporating a non-essential gene into the IAV genome often results in virus attenuation and genetic instability. Very few studies have systematically compared different reporter IAVs, and most optimization attempts seem to lack authentic directions. In this study, we evaluated the ratio of genome copies to the number of infectious unit of two reporter IAVs, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc. As a result, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc produced 41.4 and 3.8 genomes containing noninfectious particles respectively for every such particle produced by parental PR8 virus. RdRp assay demonstrated that modification of segment NS by inserting reporter genes can interfere with the replication competitive property of the corresponding vRNAs, and the balance of the 8 segments of the reporter IAVs were drastically impaired in infected cells. As a consequence, large amounts of NS-null noninfectious particles were produced during the PR8-NS1-Gluc packaging. In summary, we unravel a mechanism underlying attenuation of reporter IAVs, which suggests a new approach to restore infectivity and virulence by introducing extra mutations compensating for the impaired replication property of corresponding segments.
Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Han Hui-Ju , Liu Jian-Wei , Yu Hao , Yu Xue-Jie
Published: November 2018

Since emerging in 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been a global public health threat with a high fatality rate and worldwide distribution. There are no approved vaccines or therapies for MERS until now. Passive immunotherapy with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective prophylactic and therapeutic reagent against emerging viruses. In this article, we review current advances in neutralizing mAbs against MERS-CoV. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein of MERS-CoV is a major target, and mouse, camel, or human-derived neutralizing mAbs targeting RBD have been developed. A major problem with neutralizing mAb therapy is mutant escape under selective pressure, which can be solved by combination of neutralizing mAbs targeting different epitopes. Neutralizing mAbs are currently under preclinical evaluation, and they are promising candidate therapeutic agents against MERS-CoV infection.
What Governance? The Role of Public and Private Stakeholders in Water Supply Management in Mediterranean Coastal Tourist Destinations: The Case of the Costa Brava
Authors: Pavón David , Gabarda-Mallorquí Ariadna , Ribas Anna
Published: November 2018

A large number of services have been privatized in recent decades, leaving less responsibility for public administration management. This trend has resulted in an intense debate on which services should be guaranteed and the equity and efficiency criteria that should be applied in their provision. The move to privatize the potable water supply in one of the main international tourist destinations—the Costa Brava (Spain)—can be included within this context. Our aim is to identify and characterize the main water governance systems on the Costa Brava in order to explore the different forms of water supply governance. To this end, an analysis has been carried out to explain the different interrelations between the expansion of tourism and the management of water supply infrastructures. The insufficient technical and financial resources of local and regional governments encourage the entry of private initiatives. In this process, we must also take into account the consolidation of a larger customer market linked to tourism development. Our main conclusion is that water governance models in coastal tourist destinations such as these are determined not only by territorial needs and the lack of technical capacity, but also by the emergence of business opportunities in the private sector.
Multidecadal Sediment Balance Modelling of a Cascade of Alpine Reservoirs and Perspectives Based on Climate Warming
Authors: Guillén-Ludeña Sebastián , Manso Pedro , Schleiss Anton
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a comprehensive methodology to model and determine the annual sediment balance of a complex system of interconnected reservoirs, based on the detailed interpretation of a multi-decadal data series of reservoir management and modelling of sediment fluxes. This methodology is applied to the reservoirs of Oberaar, Grimsel, Räterichsboden, and Trift, which are located in the Swiss Alps. Additionally, the effects of climate warming on the annual sediment yield are investigated. Modelling results show that at present, the hydropower cascade formed by Oberaar, Grimsel, and Räterichsboden retains about 92% of the annual sediment yield, of which only the finest fraction leaves the system and enters the river network. Very fine sediments (d < 10 μm) account for 28% of the total sedimentation rate and in the case of Oberaar, it can reach up to 46% of the total sedimentation rate. Under a climate warming scenario, both sediment yield and runoff are expected to increase in terms of the annual average throughout the XXIst century, which will likely lead to greater annual inputs of sediments to the reservoirs. This, in turn, will lead to a higher sedimentation rate and suspended sediment concentration in the reservoirs, unless active management of the sediment fluxes is implemented.
Comparing Three Approaches to Estimating Optimum White Water Kayak Flows in Western Norway
Authors: Zinke Peggy , Sandvik Dag , Nesheim Ingrid , Seifert-Dähnn Isabel
Published: November 2018

Background: Modern water management strategies aim to assess the impact of water regulation alternatives on all relevant ecosystem services, including white water (WW) recreation. Therefore it is important to estimate the optimum kayak flow range for river reaches that are potentially relevant for WW kayaking. Methods: We used the grade V run of the Teigdalselva River as an example and compared the results of three different approaches: (i) a hydro-morphological analysis of kayak runs using public data sources; (ii) a citizen science method that is based on photos and videos of kayak-activities on the web; and, (iii) interviews with elite kayakers. Results: For the hydro-morphological analysis, we found that some optimal flow ranges for WW kayak could be estimated based on empirical regional regression as a function of the natural mean flow and the geomorphic run type. The interviewed kayakers suggested a wider range of optimal flows, in particular, higher maxima. The test of the citizen science approach provided flows that ranged in the middle of the estimates made by the two other approaches for prescribing optimum kayak flow ranges. Conclusions: We recommend a combination of different methods for water management studies that are related to flow requirements for white water kayak. Estimations based on the empirical regression functions should be always complemented by at least one other approach.
Étude cristallographique de nouveaux sulfures de terres rares et de cuivre (I)
Authors: Ballestracci Régis , Lewy-Bertaut Erwin Félix
Published: November 2018

On met en évidence l'existence d'au moins cinq phases dans le système T₂S₃-Cu₂S (T = terre rare). On décrit plus particulièrement la phase hexagonale TxCuyS₂ (3 x + y = 4), ou encore T₂S₃, nCu₂S où, à titre d'exemple, pour T = Er n varie entre 3/2 et 3. Elle cristallise dans le groupe P3 — (C1/3i). T est en (000), S et Cu sont en positions 2 d ± (1/3 2/3z) (avec zS ~ o,75 et zCu ~ 0,375. T est hexacoordiné, Cu est tétracoordiné ; le paquetage des anions est hexagonal compact.
Nouvelle définition de la meymacite et nomenclature des « acides tungstiques » naturels
Authors: Pierrot Roland , Van Tassel René
Published: November 2018

La découverte des échantillons originaux de meymacite, espèce minérale décrite par A. Carnot en 1874, permet de préciser la nature exacte de ce minéral : il s'agit en réalité de ferritungstite. Le nom de meymacite ayant été par la suite (1961) attribué à l'acide tungstique amorphe, on se trouve en présence de deux espèces minérales différentes, portant le même nom. Différentes propositions ont été soumises à la Commission internationale de Nomenclature. Par vote du 6 août 1965, il est précisé que le nom de ferritungstite est conservé pour le minéral ayant une structure cristalline, le nom de meymacite étant attribué à WO₃.2 H₂O amorphe.
La conductibilité électrique des tectosilicates et le problème de la solubilité de l'eau dans ces minéraux
Authors: Wyart Jean , Sabatier Germain , Maury Roger
Published: November 2018

Description des techniques utilisées pour la mesure de la résistivité électrique de quelques tectosilicates à sec et sous pression d'eau. La résistivité de la leucite K₀,₉₆ Na₀,₀₄AlSi₂O₆ est de 98.10³ Ω cm à 400° C, de 37.10³ Ω cm à 600° C et de 1,05.10³ Ω cm à 800° C. Celle du feldspath K₀,₅₀Na₀,₅₀AlSi₃O₈ de 270.10³ Ω cm à 760° C. On retrouve les mêmes valeurs, aux erreurs expérimentales près, lorsque des minéraux sont soumis à des pressions d'eau de plusieurs centaines de bars.

Ces résultats sont en apparente contradiction avec les observations montrant l'influence de l'eau dans les transformations ordre-désordre des atomes Si et Al, et dans la vitesse de diffusion de l'oxygène dans ces minéraux.
The activity of indenylidene derivatives in olefin metathesis catalysts
Authors: Voccia Maria , Nolan Steven P , Cavallo Luigi , Poater Albert
Published: November 2018

The first turnover event of an olefin metathesis reaction using a new family of homogenous Ru-based catalysts bearing modified indenylidene ligands has been investigated, using methoxyethylene as a substrate. The study is carried out by means of density functional theory (DFT). The indenylidene ligands are decorated with ortho-methyl and isopropyl groups at both ortho positions of their phenyl ring. DFT results highlight the more sterically demanding indenylidenes have to undergo a more exothermic first phosphine dissociation step. Overall, the study emphasises advantages of increased steric hindrance in promoting the phosphine release, and the relative stability of the corresponding metallacycle over classical ylidene ligands. Mayer bond orders and steric maps provide structural reasons for these effects, whereas NICS aromaticity and conceptual DFT confirm that the electronic parameters do not play a significant role.
Optimum Response Filter Setting for Air Conduction‐Induced Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Thirunavukkarasu Kumaran , Barman Animesh
Published: November 2018

Background:A wide range of normative values of amplitude and latencies can be noticed in the publications on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), possibly because of the inconsistent use of various stimulus and acquisition-related parameters such as response filter,
gaze angle, onset polarity of stimulus, etc. One major nonuniform parameter across studies is the response filter. Several band-pass response filters such as 0.5‐500, 1‐1000, 5‐500, 5‐800, 10‐750, 20‐2000, 100‐3000, and 200‐1000 Hz have
been used across published studies, and a wide range of normative values can be noticed. However, there is paucity of literature evidence to show that variations in response filters could cause alterations in oVEMP response.Purpose:This study aimed to investigate the effects of changes
in response filter setting on oVEMP.Research Design:Normative study using repeated measures research design.Study Sample:Young adults in the age range of 18‐35 years (N = 150) and older adults in the age range of 60‐70 years (N = 10).Intervention:Contralateral
air conduction oVEMP.Data Collection and Analysis:Contralateral air conduction oVEMP was obtained from only one ear of all participants. Low-pass filters (LPFs) of 500, 700, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 3000 Hz and high-pass filters (HPFs) of 0.1, 1, 10, and 30 Hz were used in all possible
combinations of one LPF and one HPF to create band-pass filters. Latencies, peak-to-peak amplitude, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were obtained for each response and comparison was made between various band-pass filters.Results:In young adults, there was a significant reduction in
n1 and p1 latencies with increasing HPF and LPF (p < 0.01) and a significant reduction in peak-to-peak amplitude with increasing HPF (p < 0.008). The peak-to-peak amplitude was significantly not affected by changes in LPF (p > 0.05). In older adults, the response
rate was better for 0.1- to 1000-Hz than 1- to 1000-Hz band-pass filters.Conclusions:The optimum band-pass filter is 0.1‐1000 Hz for recording oVEMP as it produces the largest amplitude oVEMP without compromising on SNR and causes improved response rate in older adults compared
with 1- to 1000-Hz filters. Therefore, clinical recording of oVEMP should use 0.1‐1000 Hz for obtaining large amplitude potentials and improving the chances of response detection in clinical population.
Communication between Audiologist, Patient, and Patient’s Family Members during Initial Audiology Consultation and Rehabilitation Planning Sessions: A Descriptive Review
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya , Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Dockens Ashley L. , Azios Jamie H. , Harn William E.
Published: November 2018

Background:Communication during clinical consultations is an important factor that facilitates decision-making by patients and family members. For clinicians, these interactions are opportunities to build rapport and to facilitate appropriate decision-making.Purpose:This
article presents the literature review of studies focusing on communication between audiologist, patients, and their family members during initial audiology consultations and rehabilitation planning sessions.Research Design:A literature review was conducted.Study Sample:The review
included eight empirical studies.Data Collection and Analysis:A systematic search of the CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, and PsychInfo databases was used to identify relevant articles for review. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Rating of Qualitative Research (RQR) scale.Results:The
average consultation length was 57.4 min (ranged 27.3‐111 min), in which the mean length of case history discussion was 8.8 min (ranged 1.7‐22.6 min) and the mean length of diagnosis and management planning was 29 min (ranged 2.2‐78.5 min). Utterances spoken by audiologists
were greater (about 51%) than patients (37%), whereas family members spoke the fewest utterances (12%) during interactions. Patients raised concerns (typically psychological in nature with negative emotional stance) about hearing aids in half of the appointments where hearing aids were recommended
as the rehabilitation option. However, audiologists missed opportunities to build relationships as these concerns of patients were not typically addressed. Also, audiologists’ language was associated with hearing aid uptake (i.e., patients were less likely to uptake hearing aids when
audiologists used complex language).Conclusions:The review highlights that audiologists dominate the conversation during audiology consultations and rehabilitation planning sessions. Audiologists did not take advantage of the opportunity to develop patient-centered communication and
shared decision-making. Implications of these findings to both clinical practice and to audiology education and training are discussed.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Postia.Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of the brown-rot fungi: Postia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) and related genera
Authors: Shen L.L. , Wang M. , Zhou J.L. , Xing J.H. , Cui B.K. , Dai Y.C.
Published: November 2018

Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies on the brown-rot fungi Postia and related genera, are carried out. Phylogenies of these fungi are reconstructed with multiple loci DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the large subunit (nLSU) and the small
subunit (nSSU) of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Ten distinct clades of Postia
s.lat. are recognized. Four new genera, Amaropostia, Calcipostia, Cystidiopostia and Fuscopostia, are established, and nine new species, Amaropostia hainanensis, Cyanosporus fusiformis, C. microporus, C. mongolicus, C. piceicola,
C. subhirsutus, C. tricolor, C. ungulatus and Postia sublowei, are identified. Illustrated descriptions of the new genera and species are presented. Identification keys to Postia and related genera, as well as keys to the species of each genus, are provided.
THE EFFECTS OF A SHOPPING MALL ON HOUSING PRICES: A CASE STUDY IN HANGZHOU
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhou Jiantao , Hui Eddie C. M. , Wen Haizhen
Published: November 2018

There are few studies on the externalities of shopping malls affecting the housing market. This study aims to discuss two issues: (1) What is the intensity of the impact of a shopping mall? (2) When does the external influence of a shopping mall begin to reveal itself? The West Intime Shopping Mall in Hangzhou offers a unique situation to research the questions. By dividing the study area into nine blocks, using hedonic price theory, and the price gradient approach with housing price data from 2011 to 2015, we found that in the space dimension, the mall exerted a significantly positive effect on the housing prices of nearby blocks. With the increase in distance from the mall, the positive effect decreased. There were more significantly positive effects in blocks far away from the city center. In the time dimension, the effects of West Intime did not reveal themselves until the mall had started to operate and gradually matured over time, implying that the mall did not have the obvious expected impact on housing prices before the mall had begun operating.
The Three Hundred Project: The Influence of Environment on Simulated Galaxy Properties
Authors: Wang Yang , Pearce Frazer , Knebe Alexander , Yepes Gustavo , Cui Weiguang , Power Chris , Arth Alexander , Gottlöber Stefan , Petris Marco De , Brown Shaun , Feng Longlong
Published: November 2018

The relationship between galaxy properties and environment is a widely discussed topic within astrophysics. Here, we use galaxy samples from hydrodynamical resimulations to examine this relationship. We use the overdensity (δ
1) within a

sphere around a galaxy to evaluate its environment. Then, the relations between galaxy properties, such as specific star formation rate (sSFR), fraction of star-forming galaxies, g − r color, and δ
1 are examined within three galactic samples formed from galaxies within large clusters, those in the vicinity of large clusters, and those in the field. We find tight environmental correlations for these galaxy properties. In brief, galaxies in denser environments tend to be redder and are more likely to be quenched; this is consistent with observations. We find that although the sSFR decreases with δ
1, this is mainly because galaxies with higher stellar mass reside in an environment with higher overdensity. At fixed overdensity, a galaxy’s color is also independent of whether it lives within a cluster or within the field, but the relative fractions of the two samples varies dramatically with overdensity, and this drives an apparent evolution.
Evolution of the Dust Composition in Damped Lyα Systems
Authors: Vladilo Giovanni , Gioannini Lorenzo , Matteucci Francesca , Palla Marco
Published: November 2018

We present a method for estimating the relative abundances of refractory elements in the interstellar dust of galaxies hosting damped Lyα (DLA) systems. The method requires gas-phase column densities of volatile and refractory elements, obtained from absorption-line spectroscopy, and interstellar abundances of the same elements, predicted by chemical evolution models of DLA galaxies. We applied this method to the sample of DLA systems with measurements of Mg, Si, S, Fe, and Zn column densities. We find that the dust abundance ratios (Si/Fe)d and (Mg/Fe)d decrease by almost two orders of magnitude in the metallicity range between ≃1/100 solar to roughly solar. This decrease is stronger than the well-known decline of α/Fe ratios with metallicity observed in metal-poor stars and galaxies, suggesting the existence of metallicity-dependent mechanisms of dust production. To cast light on these mechanisms we investigated the contributions of different stellar sources and interstellar processes to the galactic cycle of dust. We find that Type II SNe are important contributors to the dust composition at low metallicity ([Fe/H] < −0.6), whereas dust accretion in the interstellar medium appears to be important at higher metallicities, leading to a gradual rise of iron-rich particles, possibly in metal form. To further investigate the nature of the dust, we introduced an idealized model of dust grains based on a mixture of silicates (pyroxenes and olivines) and an iron-rich constituent. The model reproduces the evolutionary trends and suggests that olivines are dominant in silicates, in line with other studies of interstellar dust composition.
Constraints on the Duty Cycles of Quasars at z ∼ 6
Authors: Chen Huanqing , Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: November 2018

We study the mass of quasar-hosting dark matter halos at z ∼ 6 and further constrain the fraction of dark matter halos hosting active quasars f
on and the quasar opening angle i
max using observations of C ii lines in the literature. We make assumptions that (1) on average more massive halos host quasars with higher peak brightness, (2) cold gas in galaxies has rotational velocity V
circ = αV
max, where V
max is the maximum circular velocity of dark matter particles obtained from DM-only simulation and α ∼ 1 is a free parameter, (3) a fraction f
on of the halos host active quasars with a certain opening angle i
max, and that (4) quasars point randomly on the sky. We find that for a choice of specific α ≳ 1, the most likely solution has f
on < 0.01, corresponding to a small duty cycle of quasar activity. We also apply a bounded flat prior on α and marginalize over it, and we find the most likely f
on shift to 1 as the upper-boundary of α decreases below 1. Overall, our constraints are highly sensitive to α and hence inconclusive. Stronger constraints on f
on can be made if we better understand the dynamics of cold gas in these galaxies.
Dynamical Effects in the Observed Rate of Change of the Orbital and the Spin Periods of Radio Pulsars: Improvement in the Method of Estimation and Its Implications
Authors: Pathak Dhruv , Bagchi Manjari
Published: November 2018

The observed values of the rate of change of the orbital and the spin periods of pulsars are affected by different dynamical effects, for example, the line-of-sight acceleration and the proper motion of the pulsar relative to the Sun. We explore these dynamical effects thoroughly and point out the drawbacks of popular methods. We introduce a package, “GalDynPsr,” that evaluates different dynamical effects following both traditional and improved methods based on the model of the Galactic potential provided in a publicly available package called “galpy.” We argue that the improved methods introduced in this paper should be used for pulsars located 1 kpc or farther away from the solar system, especially when precise values of the rate of change of the periods are required, e.g., while placing limits on alternative theories of gravity, calculating the spin-down limit of the continuous gravitational waves emitted from a rotationally deformed neutron star, understanding pulsar “death-line,” etc. GalDynPsr is available online and open for contributions.
The Mediation of Collisionless Oblique Magnetized Shocks by Energetic Particles
Authors: Mostafavi P. , Zank G. P. , Webb G. M.
Published: November 2018

Numerous spacecraft observations reveal that many heliospheric shocks are significantly affected by the presence of energetic particles such as solar energetic particles, pickup ions (PUIs), and anomalous cosmic rays. Examples include recent observations by the New Horizon spacecraft that show that the PUI pressure is larger than the thermal solar wind pressure in the solar wind. Voyager 2 observations of the heliospheric termination shock (HTS) show that it is completely mediated by suprathermal PUIs, and that the dissipation process at the HTS is not due to the thermal solar wind protons but to PUIs. We introduce a plasma model to study the structure of collisionless oblique magnetized shocks mediated by suprathermal energetic particles. We show that the incorporation of both collisionless heat flux and viscosity associated with energetic particles can completely determine the structure of collisionless oblique shocks for all angles except θ = 54.°7. The limitation at this angle is technical and comes in part from the assumed simplified form of the viscosity coefficient. In modeling the HTS, we show that PUIs are heated much more than the thermal gas through the HTS transition, and thus the HTS is mediated by PUIs. We study different values of the HTS obliquity and find that a parallel HTS heats PUIs more compared to the background thermal gas than it does at a perpendicular HTS.
A socio-economic survey of pangolin hunting in Assam, Northeast India
Authors: D’Cruze Neil , Singh Bhagat , Mookerjee Aniruddha , Harrington Lauren A. , Macdonald David W.
Published: November 2018

India has been identified as a source country for the illegal international trade in endangered pangolins, “scaly mammalian anteaters”, widely considered as the “world’s most trafficked mammal”. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hunters belonging principally to three locally prominent tribes (Biate, Dimasa and Karbi) in Assam State, Northeast India. Based on the results of interviews with 141 individuals, we conclude that all three tribal groups engaged in pangolin hunting between 2011 and 2016. Although pangolin meat is used locally, we found that hunters largely targeted pangolins for their scales and that substantial commercial gain via urban middlemen has now supplanted low-level traditional use as the primary driver for this activity. On average, each hunter captured one pangolin per year with the potential to earn 9,000 INR (135 USD) for a single animal (equating to approximately four months average income). The majority of hunters (89%) stated that pangolins were less abundant than they were five years ago, which suggests off-take is unsustainable. All hunters interviewed appeared to hunt pangolins occasionally, regardless of tribe, demography or income, which suggests that any mitigation strategy should focus on rural hunters. Whilst interventions to reduce poverty are no doubt required, we argue that such interventions alone are unlikely to be effective in reducing pangolin hunting. Rather, there is a need for co-ordinated packages of mutually reinforcing interventions to address this pangolin hunting in a more comprehensive manner. In particular, implementing a demand reduction strategy targeting urban consumers is urgently required.
Pharmacological correction of metabolic disorders in experimental acute pancreatitis on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication
Authors: Bushmina Olga N. , Dolgareva Svetlana A. , Konoplya Alexander I. , Loktionov Alexey L.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Acute pancreatitis and pre-existing diseases (chronic alcohol intoxication) are challenging issues of modern surgery in terms of frequency of deaths and the number of complications.

Objective. To identify the best combination of immunomodulators, antioxidants and hepatoprotectors to correct immunometabolic disorders in acute destructive pancreatitis on the background of chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI).

Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on 377 healthy adult Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g. Alcohol intoxication was modeled by forced intragastric administration of a 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 ml/kg or 2.92 g/kg at 24 hours for 5 days, 30 days (CAI-30) or 60 days (CAI-60). Acute destructive pancreatitis (ADP) was modeled after R.N. Wang et al. (1995), modified by S.A. Alekhin et al. (2006). The efficacy of combining Hepon (5 mg/kg, orally, at 24 hours, No. 14), Hypoxen (750 mg/kg, orally, at 24 hours, No. 14), Phosphogliv (800 mg/kg, orally, at 24 hours, No. 14), Glutoxim (20 mg/kg, intramuscularly, at 24 hours, No. 5), Mexidol (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, at 24 hours, No. 14) and Heptral (760 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, at 24 hours , No. 5) was examined in animals with ADP on the background of CAI-30 and CAI-60.

Results and discussion. Different degrees of ethanol intoxication depending on time leads to the development of an impaired capacity of hepatocytes, as well as immune and metabolic disorders. The administration of Phosphogliv, Hypoxen and Hepon in case of CAI-30+ADP normalizes 12.1% and corrects 60.6% of the changed values. The combination of Heptral, Glutoxim and Mexidol normalizes 57.8% and corrects 42.4% of the values. In case of CAI-60+ADP, Phosphogliv, Hypoxen and Hepon normalizes 11.8% and corrects 38.2% of the values. The combination of Heptral, Glutoxim and Mexidol normalizes 17.6% and corrects 67.6% of the values, respectively.

Conclusion. In case of ADP along with CAI-30 and CAI-60, the combination of Heptral, Glutoxim and Mexidol is more preferable than that of Phosphogliv, Hypoxen and Hepon.
Les apories de la lutte contre les fake news
Authors: Innerarity Daniel , Champeau Serge
Published: November 2018

La parole politique est moins marquée par sa vérité ou son objectivité que par son caractère rhétorique : elle offre des interprétations en conflit et suscite des passions contradictoires. De ce point de vue, il ne faut pas céder à la tentation de réglementer sur les fake news , parce que cela accorderait trop de pouvoir aux administrateurs de la vérité et saperait le débat démocratique.
Internet ou le pluralisme radical
Authors: Badouard Romain , Bujon Anne-Lorraine
Published: November 2018

Internet a engendré une profusion des prises de parole publique qui a trois conséquences majeures : le pouvoir de filtrage de l’information, autrefois dévolu aux journalistes, revient désormais aux moteurs de recherche et aux réseaux sociaux ; la notoriété se substitue à l’autorité ; la frontière entre vie publique et privée tombe. Les plateformes en ligne favorisent un enfermement idéologique et une plus grande brutalité des échanges. La régulation se fait en toute opacité, avec à la fois un risque de privatisation de la censure et un risque que les architectures de surveillance se retrouvent à la disposition de régimes autoritaires.
L’enseignant en porte-à-faux
Authors: Léger Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Les élèves et les enseignants sont confrontés à une profusion d’informations au sein de laquelle ils doivent distinguer le vrai du faux. L’enseignant se retrouve dans une situation inconfortable de fact-checking  : son discours est soit relativisé comme une position parmi d’autres, soit objet d’un soupçon lié à sa position sociale. Pourtant, le défi des élèves témoigne d’une quête de sens et fournit l’occasion de construire du commun.
Que valent les bonnes intentions ?
Authors: Le Goff Alice , Velpry Livia
Published: November 2018

L’affaire Anna Stubblefield, qui a eu des relations sexuelles avec un jeune noir handicapé, interroge le consentement des personnes incapables de s’exprimer, le conflit entre la logique du care et celle des capacités, et le rapport entre les intentions et les mécanismes de domination. Contrairement à l’approche juridique, une approche qui suspend le jugement se rend attentive à ce que le consentement masque.
Violence conjugale et intervention féministe au Québec – les défis d’une pratique subversive dans un contexte de politiques néolibérales
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Couturier Pénélope , Gagnon Charlotte , Maheu Josiane , Fedida Gaëlle , Lafortune Louise , Monastesse Manon , Cousineau Marie-Marthe
Published: November 2018

Cet article propose une analyse des défis auxquels se confronte l’intervention féministe dans le champ de la violence conjugale, dans un contexte dominé par des politiques publiques néolibérales. Neuf focus groups ont été réalisés dans trois régions du Québec auprès de 32 intervenantes ayant recours à l’approche féministe en milieu communautaire et de 22 intervenant·e·s œuvrant dans des ressources institutionnelles et sociojudiciaires. L’analyse de contenu thématique a permis d’identifier cinq grand défis que les intervenantes féministes s’engagent à surmonter : 1) Défendre le fait que la violence conjugale est le produit de rapports de pouvoir asymétriques entre les hommes et les femmes ; 2) Déconstruire le double standard dans les réponses apportées aux comportements violents perpétrés par les femmes versus par les hommes ; 3) Définir et justifier l’intervention féministe ; 4) Faire face aux contraintes pour mettre en action les principes de l’intervention féministe ; 5) Dénoncer et lutter contre les politiques d’austérité. L’exemple des défis illustrés dans cet article montre comment le néolibéralisme et le patriarcat se nourrissent et s’enrichissent mutuellement pour étioler la légitimité et la portée de cette pratique sociale, subversive parce qu’elle critique et ébranle les fondements de ces systèmes.
Qu’est-ce que la pédagogie féministe ?
Authors: Fisher Berenice , Mozziconacci Vanina
Published: November 2018

À la fin des années 1970, les partisanes états-uniennes de la pédagogie féministe ont mis fortement l’accent sur l’importance de l’expérience dans le processus d’apprentissage, rejoignant en cela une tradition réformatrice de l’éducation portée, entre autres, par Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Dewey et Paulo Freire. Les féministes libérales considéraient l’éducation comme un moyen pour que les femmes, en tant qu’individus, acquièrent des compétences intellectuelles et le pouvoir de se mobiliser en faveur de l’égalité des droits. Faisant écho à la pensée de Rosa Luxemburg et de Myles Horton, les féministes radicales, pour leur part, placèrent la pédagogie féministe dans le contexte d’une lutte contre l’oppression plus révolutionnaire et collective. Les féministes radicales et socialistes qui délivraient des cours dans l’enseignement supérieur se sont inspirées d’un processus de conscientisation [consciousness-raising] combinant expérience, théorie, action et prise en considération du ressenti. Elles se retrouvèrent alors confrontées au problème de la théorisation et de la pratique de la pédagogie féministe dans un contexte d’institutions hiérarchiques et compétitives. Tout comme le mouvement féministe en général, elles ont dû trouver un moyen pour traiter les différences entre les étudiant·e·s au regard de leurs expériences, de leurs ressentis et de leurs idées au sujet du genre.
Former les travailleuses sociales et les travailleurs sociaux : une intervention féministe
Authors: Rollin Zoé , Bayer Véronique
Published: November 2018

Cet article propose de croiser deux expériences d’enseignement/formation dans le champ de l’intervention sociale avec une perspective féministe. La réflexion s’intéresse aux contenus et modalités de formation, mais elle entend aussi porter l’attention aux rapports entre étudiant·e·s et enseignant·e·s pour mieux identifier toutes ses dimensions. Elle soutient une praxis pédagogique qui prend en compte les vulnérabilités et les émotions et remet en question une définition réductrice de l’autorité. L’intervention féministe œuvre ici à une congruence entre théorie et pratique, entre action et pensée, et promeut des expériences pédagogiques mobilisatrices et réflexives.