bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing In Front Of Technology As A Care Fundament On UTI Obstetric/Neonatal
Authors: De Souza Maurício Caxias , Araújo Milca Correia Marinho de , Alves Alany Bezerra da Rocha , Lima Dereck Sena de , Santos Lucas Barreto Pires , Santos Jacquelane Silva , Sá Mahaynna Carvalho , Maximino Danielle Aurília Ferreira Macêdo , Serrano Vanessa Bezerra , Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da , Oliveira Mayara Inácio de , Bezerra Mariana Rayane Emidio , Bezerra Juliana de Kassia Emidio , Abreu Paula Daniella de , Ribeiro Denize Ferreira , Cordeiro Eliana Lessa , Souza Gardênia Conceição Santos de , Silva Ana Caroline Alves da
Published: April 2017

It is an article about the historical evolution of nursing, emphasizing conceptual and reflexive aspects about the impact of technology on the care process in Obstetrical/Neonatal ICU. Although the technology has contributed to the survival pregnant / premature infants extremes and very low weight in recent years, reveals at times a mechanical and impersonal service, a counterpoint to ethical and human issues. A critical-reflexive discussion is proposed under the use of technology in obstetric and neonatal intensive care, highlighting their implications and adaptations to maternal and child needs. It was concluded that what determines whether a technology is good or bad, if it dehumanises, depersonalises or objectifies care is the way in which it is used, making it necessary to improve and update health professionals. In this reflexive exercise, new ways of caring will be rethought, using art, sensitivity and creativity in the appropriation and humanization of technologies.

 

Descriptors: Nursing Informatics. Information Technology. Nursing Care. Maternal Health. Intensive Care Units, Neonatal.
The Family Health Support Core (NASF) And Health Practices: Are There Many Challenges To Be Overcome?
Authors: Leite Djavan Gomes , De Souza Maurício Caxias , Maximino Danielle Aurília Ferreira Macêdo , Bezerra Eva Pôrto , Filho Josélio Soares de Oliveira , Virgínio Nereide De Andrade , Souto Cláudia Germana Virgínio de , Cruz Déa Sílvia Moura da , Silva Amanda Benício da , Saraiva Camila Navarro Rocha , Mello Emmanuella Costa de Azevedo , Lima Andréa Márcia Cunha , Barbosa Lucas Cunha Pimenta , Marques Daniela Karina Antão , Bezerra Vanessa Serrano , Ribeiro Gerson Da Silva
Published: April 2017

Objective: Describe and characterize NASF health practices.

Method: It is a review of current literature carried out by consulting the database Lilacs and Virtual Library of SciELO in the period from December 2016 to January 2017.

Conclusion: It is concluded that, although the NASF is recognized as a support to the Family Health Strategy (FHS), still does not act in an articulated way, being fundamental that changes take place in the organization of the services and in the conduct of the health professionals who contemplate it.

Descriptors: Primary Health Care. Family Health; Public Health Policies. Nursing.
Abusive Consumption Of Alcohol By Elderly
Authors: Oliveira Cecília Danielle Bezerra , Maria de Almeida Deolino Suênia , Oliveira Machado Dutra Michelinne , Andrade Ramos Ana Paula , Lopes Figueiredo Pereira Jessika , Stélio de Sousa Francisco , Santos Baptista Rosilene , Sátiro Xavier de França Inácia
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To investigate the abusive consumption of alcohol in the elderly in the municipality of Santa Cruz - PB.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with quantitative approach with a sample of 170 elderly. To perform the study, three instruments were used: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - Geriatric Version (MAST-G). The data were analyzed in the program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS - version 21).

Results: 14.7% of the elderly were classified by the MAST-G score as elderly individuals presenting problems related to alcohol abuse, the majority of whom were male, single, with education above 05 years, who reside alone, and present some pathology and make use of medications.

Conclusion: the research points out the need for multiprofessional work in health in Primary Care, in order to develop health actions that include the prevention of alcohol consumption and minimize the deleterious effects of consumption, in order to reduce the number of undesirable events arising from the use of that substance.

Keywords: Primary health care; Alcohol; Old man.
Palliative Care in Brazil: With a View to Future Needs?
Authors: Dos Santos Cledy Eliana , Peixoto Caldas José Manuel , Serafim José Américo , Barros Newton , Pereira Altamiro Da Costa , Capra Marcelo Eduardo Zanella , Stein Airton , Freitas Alberto
Published: April 2017

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) constitute a health problem of growing magnitude in Brazil, leading concerns, to the Ministry of Health (MOH), about the care of persons with chronic conditions (due to advanced diseases), multiple harms to health, convalescents and in need of long-term care, requiring continuous assistance, physical and functional rehabilitation. However, few data exist on the size of the population potentially in need of palliative care in Brazil.

Aim: this study is to estimate the size of the Brazilian population that could benefit from palliative care across 26 federated states and the Federal District.

Design: this is a cross-sectional study, using national death certificate and hospital admission data. Brazilian death registration and hospital admission data from 1st of January to 31st of December 2014 were analyzed and compared with estimation methods of Rosenwax and Murtagh.

Setting/participants: all adults (≥ 15 years old) who died in the period of 1st of January to 31st of December 2014 in Brazil.

Results: the proportion of individuals who died from diseases that indicate palliative care needs at the end of life ranged from 24.6% to 85.2%.

 

Keywords: palliative care; estimating population; chronic non-communicable diseases; cancer; health planning.
The Fuzziness of Giant Planets’ Cores
Authors: Helled Ravit , Stevenson David
Published: April 2017

Giant planets are thought to have cores in their deep interiors, and the division into a heavy-element core and hydrogen–helium envelope is applied in both formation and structure models. We show that the primordial internal structure depends on the planetary growth rate, in particular, the ratio of heavy elements accretion to gas accretion. For a wide range of likely conditions, this ratio is in one-to-one correspondence with the resulting post-accretion profile of heavy elements within the planet. This flux ratio depends sensitively on the assumed solid-surface density in the surrounding nebula. We suggest that giant planets’ cores might not be distinct from the envelope and includes some hydrogen and helium, and the deep interior can have a gradual heavy-element structure. Accordingly, Jupiter’s core may not be well defined. Accurate measurements of Jupiter’s gravitational field by Juno could put constraints on Jupiter’s core mass. However, as we suggest here, the definition of Jupiter’s core is complex, and the core’s physical properties (mass, density) depend on the actual definition of the core and on the planet’s growth history.
Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on academic stress-induced sleep disturbance in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Takada M. , Nishida K. , Gondo Y. , Kikuchi-Hayakawa H. , Ishikawa H. , Suda K. , Kawai M. , Hoshi R. , Kuwano Y. , Miyazaki K. , Rokutan K.
Published: April 2017

The present study examined whether Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) improves sleep quality under psychological stress. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in healthy 4th year medical students exposed to academic examination stress. The trial was repeated over two consecutive years in different groups of students, and the data were pooled. For 8 weeks prior to and 3 weeks after a national standardised examination, a total of 48 and 46 subjects received a daily dose of 100 ml of LcS-fermented milk or non-fermented placebo milk, respectively. Study measures included subjective anxiety, overnight single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, and the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi (OSA) sleep inventory scores of subjective sleep quality. Total OSA scores were significantly lower than baseline on the day before the exam and recovered after the exam, indicating a stress-induced decline in sleep quality. There was a significant positive effect of LcS treatment on OSA factors for sleepiness on rising and sleep length. Sleep latency measured by EEG lengthened as the exam approached in the placebo group but was significantly suppressed in the LcS group. The percentage of stage 3 non-REM (N3) sleep decreased in the placebo group as the exam approached, whereas it was maintained in the LcS group throughout the trial. Delta power during the first sleep cycle, measured as an index of sleep intensity, increased as the exam approached in the LcS group and was significantly higher than in the placebo group. These findings suggest that daily consumption of LcS may help to maintain sleep quality during a period of increasing stress. The observed retention of N3 sleep and increased delta power in the LcS group may have contributed to higher perceived sleep satisfaction.
Effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance in horses
Authors: Bogossian P.M. , Piffer M.L.T. , Maschietto F.B. , Bezerra K.B. , Oliveira T. , Fernandes G.P.C. , Hilgert A.R. , Stievani F.C. , Martins T.R. , Fernandes W.R.
Published: April 2017

The mechanism related to the practice of oral carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation prior to intense exercise of a short duration (<30 min) for athletic horses remains unclear. Several studies in human athletes showed that the central nervous system played an important role in the enhancement of athletic performance due to CHO contact with undefined receptors in the oropharyngeal mucosa. This study aims to investigate the influence of CHO mouth rinse on the exercise performance of horses. In this double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study, seven Mangalarga Marchador horses underwent a standardised exercise test (SET) in a field. The following protocols involving a single mouthwash (1 litre) had been used: a mouth rinse of 6.4% maltodextrin-water solution (CHO test), and a mouth rinse of only water solution (placebo test). The mean plasma lactate concentration immediately after SET (lactate peak) was higher in the CHO test (24.33±3.72 mmol/l) than in the placebo test (18.19±4.01 mmol/l), (P<0.001). No difference was observed in the mean time-to-exhaustion, mean and maximum heart rate, plasma glucose concentration and serum creatinine-kinase activity. Several studies described that there were improvements in the time-trial performance of cyclists and runners after a mouth rinse of CHO solution, whereas some did not. Carbohydrate mouth rinse had no influence on exercise performance in this study. Further investigations are required, as the significance of an increased plasma lactate concentration due to a CHO mouth rinse has yet to be elucidated.
“Reading Between the Clauses”: an Exploration of Implicit Inter-clausal Relations in English
Authors: Rossette Fiona
Published: April 2017

Alors que la linguistique s’intéresse en priorité aux marqueurs de surface, ou au signifiant (en particulier en France dans le cadre de l’apprentissage de l’anglais), les ressorts de l’implicite retiennent moins l’attention. Cela est notamment le cas dans l’étude de l’enchaînement des propositions, où l’on traite principalement de la subordination, de la coordination, et des connecteurs adverbiaux (ex. however, therefore). Je propose ici d’identifier les relations qui ne sont pas ainsi marquées entre les propositions. Ces relations «implicites» ne posent aucun problème au lecteur, qui a l’habitude de lire entre les lignes ou, plutôt, entre les propositions. Je décrirai ici le modèle d’interprétation dit «interactif» élaboré par Hoey (2001) et qui met en avant le travail d’anticipation effectué par le co-énonciateur. Ensuite, je présenterai une étude de cas, basée sur la description des relations implicites dans deux textes argumentatifs. Dans ce genre, les relations de général-spécifique et de justification, ainsi que les schémas parallèles, sont prépondérants. Il en ressort également que le discours résiste très souvent à une analyse linéaire et segmentale. Toute tentative d’établir une liste exhaustive des relations, ou de coller à tout prix une étiquette à chaque enchaînement, s’avère artificielle et même contre-productive.
Pour une analyse des énoncés en contexte : théories et pratique
Authors: Durand Jacques
Published: April 2017

This paper deals with the general question of how to study utterances or portions of utterances extracted from real texts. The tradition of teaching English linguistics in France is based on the assumption that the best examples are attested ones and should be analysed taking the co-text into account. Techniques and concepts have been developed within this tradition and have yielded interesting results which underlie teachers’expectations in examinations and ’concours’ (competitive exams forfuture teachers). I nevertheless wish to argue that the format of French ’concours’ like the CAPES and the frameworks which are usually privileged are too restrictive. I take as an example a relatively simple sentence Is that the mill? as used near the beginning of Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. I attempt to produce as complete an analysis as I can of this sentence in its context. This demonstrates what linguists know, i.e. that any utterance is the result of the interplay ofmany complex structures operating in parallel. I also argue that a number of concepts we require appear to be absent from standard textbooks or guides to ’concours’ which are recommended to students in France. I plead for more theoretical openness towards a variety of models which can contribute to our understanding of language and of English in particular. I also plead for a cumulative approach to the teaching of linguistics. Many of the insights of traditional grammar, structuralism, generative grammar, “énonciativisme”, case grammar, cognitive grammar, etc., should be combined and not simply placed in a linear sequence wherein the latest model displaces everything that has gone on before.
« Je ne suis pas un zéro ». Pour une distinction entre absence d’article et article zéro en anglais contemporain
Authors: Moncomble Florent
Published: April 2017

Most interpretations of the absence of marked determiners in English are monolithic, insofar as they contend that all uses can be grouped under one heading, generally “zero article”. Some linguists argue that the expression “absence of article” would be more appropriate, yet do not question the validity of the monolithic approach.In this article, we support the idea that a number of structures involving the absence of a marked determiner are indeed cases where no determination whatsoever occurs. This assumption is based not only on an observation of the quantitative operations at stake in nominal determination, but also of the close interaction between the determination of the noun and its ability to refer: where there is no reference, there is no determination, if only because the noun, which only acts as a semantic import deprived of its autonomy in discourse, is no longer a full substantive in such structures.But what this also reveals is that in a lot of cases, in fact in a majority of occurrences, the absence of a visible sign of determination does not entail a lack of referentiality, which implies that a form of determination is indeed at work, and that the term “zero article” is appropriate there.The stress on reference as the ultimate goal of nominal determination thus leads us to acknowledge the existence of two interpretations, not one, of the absence of marked determination : absence of article on the one hand, zero article on the other.
Semantic Complexity in English [NN]n Compounds
Authors: Arnaud Pierre J.L.
Published: April 2017

Cet article passe en revue les complexités de la sémantique des composés [NN]N anglais, depuis les diverses combinaisons dénotationnelles entre N1 et Ν2 dans les unités non-endocentriques, jusqu'aux cas très compliqués où plusieurs tropes sur les composants et/ou sur le composé se superposent. Il examine ensuite quelques directions de recherche sur l'interprétation des composés en regard de cette complexité.
Les préposition de To et For : grammaticalisation et subjectivation
Authors: Boulonnais Dominique
Published: April 2017

TO and FOR are examined from the point of view of grammaticalization and subjectification, in the light of diachronic as well as synchronic evidence. The various forms of grammaticalization affecting TO and FOR and the processes which led to the development of their non prepositional uses are analysed first. The second part deals with subjectification. The latter is defined as a process of semantic expansion resulting from the appropriation by speakers of linguistic tools inherited from earlier generations. Prepositional TO is analyzed as expressing telicity, whereas FOR, which locates the referent of its complement in a separate space, expresses cause and goal. Those basic semantic features are argued to explain the distribution of the two prepositions in English.
NOTES ON THE DUVALIUS SPECIES OF THE TAYGETOS MASSIF (PELOPONNESE, SOUTHERN GREECE), WITH DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE FEATURES OF DUVALIUS (DUVALIUS) MIREI DEUVE, 2001 (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
Authors: Casale Achille , Lebenbauer Thomas
Published: April 2017

Four species of genus Duvalius (sensu stricto) are known so far from caves and upper hypogean zone (M.S.S.) in the Taygetos massif (Peloponnese, Southern Greece): Duvalius (Duvalius) taygetanus Casale, 1979, D. (D.) genesti Casale & Vigna Taglianti, 1984, D. (D.) diaphanus (Rottenberg, 1874), and D. (D.) mirei Deuve, 2001. Two of them, D. diaphanus and D. mirei, are large sized, sibling species with reduced but still evident and pigmented eyes, syntopic at high altitude above 2000 m a.s.l.. The male features and characters of the male genitalia of D. mirei are here described for the first time, and compared with those of D. diaphanus. Furthermore, a key for identification of the four sympatric Duvalius species known so far from Taygetos Mt. is provided.
RIDEFINIZIONE DEL GENERE PRIONIOMUS JEANNEL, 1937 E DESCRIZIONE DI PRIONIOMUS CASSIOPAEUS N. SP. DELL’ISOLA DI KÉRKYRA (GRECIA, ISOLE IONIE) (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
Authors: Pavesi Maurizio
Published: April 2017

Corcyranillus abnormis (J. Sahlberg, 1900) e Prioniomus moczarskii Jeannel, 1937, specie tipo dei rispettivi generi, vengono studiati criticamente su materiale recentemente raccolto e comparati con altre specie inedite. In base a tale studio viene proposta la sinonimia tra i generi Corcyranillus Jeannel, 1937 e Prioniomus Jeannel, 1937, descritti nel medesimo lavoro; l’autore, quale Primo Revisore, seleziona Prioniomus come nome valido e gli assegna la priorità su Corcyranillus. Turkanillus Coiffait, 1956 (specie tipo T. strinatii Coiffait, 1956), dell’Anatolia nord-occidentale, viene ugualmente considerato sinonimo di Prioniomus. Viene ridefinito il genere Prioniomus, considerato sister group e vicariante orientale di Anillus Jacquelin du Val, 1851, e brevemente discussi i caratteri derivati presenti in ciascuno. Viene descritto Prioniomus cassiopaeus n. sp. dell’isola di Kérkyra. Vengono infine brevemente ridescritte le due specie di Prioniomus già conosciute di Kérkyra, con alcune note su località e habitat di rinvenimento, e considerazioni sulla distribuzione generale degli Anillina nell’isola.
A RESOURCE-BASED HABITAT VIEW FOR CONSERVATION: BUTTERFLIES IN THE BRITISH LANDSCAPE
Authors: Fattorini Simone
Published: April 2017

not available
Late Quaternary geological history of the SW Grand Banks Slope and Rise off Green Bank and Whale Bank: implications for geohazard assessment
Authors: Ledger-Piercey S , Piper D J W
Published: April 2017

A reconnaissance survey of late Quaternary stratigraphy and geohazards has been carried out on the deep continental margin seaward of Green Bank, Haddock Channel and Whale Bank, based on sparse Huntec sparker lines and seven new piston cores. The area is crossed
by the large Haddock valley seaward of Haddock Channel. To the southeast, Whale Slope is relatively undissected, but the slope seaward of Green Bank is dissected by tributaries of Haddock and Halibut valleys. Five regional reflections were correlated throughout much of the study area in Huntec
sparker profiles. The distribution of major mass-transport deposits, evacuation surfaces and headscarps was mapped. Most piston cores penetrated to between Heinrich layer 1 and the last glacial maximum and recovered principally mud. Cores adjacent to Haddock Valley contained abundant thin sand beds
of late Pleistocene age. Cores were correlated with adjacent long core records on St Pierre Slope and at the Narwhal well site. Extrapolation of ages from cores suggests that the recurrence interval of regional failures is several tens of thousands of years. More frequent local failures are found at
the foot of active fault scarps.
Regional variation in structural style, deformation kinematics, and summary of tectonic history, northeast Ellesmere Island
Authors: Harrison J C
Published: April 2017

Major features of northeastern Ellesmere Island include faulted Paleoproterozoic basement to the south (uplifted to 2300 m); a narrow, low-relief belt of steep faults and gently inclined lower Paleozoic craton cover that extends under an arcuate, southerly to
southeasterly transported, foreland thrust ("foothills") belt involving Ordovician - Devonian shelf strata, and Paleocene, orogen-derived conglomerate; a similarly arcuate "front range" belt of en échelon thrusts carrying Neoproterozoic to Devonian strata; a high-relief (to 2000 m) "main range"
fold belt of cleaved Neoproterozoic to Cambrian outer-shelf strata; and an interior plateau featuring cleaved and tightly folded lower Paleozoic basinal deposits.
The "main ranges" terminate along strike to the northeast in a braided sinistral fault array parallel to Nares Strait. Displacement on sinistral faults is kinematically linked to "front range" and foreland restraining bend thrusts. Early-formed folds and thrusts within the sinistral fault array have
been rotated counterclockwise during northerly directed Late Paleocene - Eocene indentation of the Greenland plate.
Stratigraphic revision of the Franklinian stratigraphy of the northern Axel Heiberg fold belt, Nunavut
Authors: Hadlari T , Madronich L I
Published: April 2017

New outcrop observations from fieldwork conducted near Rens Fiord on northern Axel Heiberg Island are described that clarify the pre-Mississippian stratigraphy. It is recommended to use the informal term Rens Fiord Sandstone for rocks previously assigned to the
Grantland Formation. Dolostone of the Aurland Fiord Formation contains an inter-stratified succession of basalt flows within it, for which the older informal term of Jaeger Lake Assemblage is recommended. The Hazen Formation which could range in age from Cambrian to Early Silurian overlies the
Aurland Fiord Formation. The revised stratigraphic order from oldest to youngest is Rens Fiord Sandstone, Aurland Fiord Formation containing the Jaeger Lake Assemblage, and Hazen Formation.
Can Christians really make a difference? A response to the call for change to make the world a better place
Authors: Oliver Erna , Tshabele Vusi , Baartman Floris , Masooa Alfred , Laister Lorna
Published: April 2017

Christianity changed the world for the better through the development of education, charity organisations, art, music, law and medical care among others. However, not all changes initiated by Christianity were positive. The Christian religion was also responsible for division, death, destruction and war. Focusing on the positive changes, nearly 500 years after the reformation though, it seems as if Christianity has lost its renewing and transformative powers. It seems as if society, politics and the economy are pressurising Christianity to conform to the world and not the other way round. Therefore, the research focuses on the question whether Christians can bring about positive change and transformation to the current problems in society. What can Christians do to provide a religious response to current persistent societal problems? Change agents – people who drive positive change – are capable and competent, make use of networks, are visible and contactable and are often also outsiders in the communities they serve. Examples of the work done by change agents – Christians within their local communities – through small-scale community projects are showcased here to suggest possible ways forward for dealing with persistent problems from a Christian point of view.
‘Speaking’ and ‘silence’ in the memoirs of Petronella van Heerden
Authors: Smit Lizelle
Published: April 2017

Petronella van Heerden’s memoirs have received little academic attention. This article aims to contribute to the limited archive of research on her work to highlight women’s involvement in South African and Afrikaner (de/colonial) politics. It will also explore her manipulation of the autobiographical genre to impart what she considered as important to the Afrikaner youth. My investigation considers Van Heerden’s paradoxical shifts between ‘speaking’ and ‘silence’ regarding feminist issues and her lesbian sexual identity. The article illustrates Van Heerden’s employment of certain writing strategies to critique gender inequality implicit within hegemonic and patriarchal discourses - a central issue of her young life that arguably formed her dissident identity. An examination of the ‘opacity’ pertaining to her portrayal of a lesbian identity in the memoirs is also considered.
Patient satisfaction with nurse-delivery primary health care services in Free State and Gauteng provinces, South Africa: A comparative study
Authors: Nunu Wilfred N. , Munyewende Pascalia O.
Published: April 2017

Background: The majority of health care users in South Africa utilise primary health care (PHC) services where these services are free at the point of entry. There is a dearth of knowledge on the factors influencing patient satisfaction with PHC clinic services.Aim: This study compared patient satisfaction with PHC services in the Free State (FS) and Gauteng (GP) provincesSetting: Secondary data analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional survey obtained from the Research on the State of Nursing Project run by the Centre for Health Policy in 2012.Methods: A pre-tested satisfaction survey questionnaire with questions on facility evaluation, experience with providers and receipt of medication was administered to 1110 systematically randomly sampled adult patients attending antiretroviral, hypertension, diabetes and tuberculosis services.Results: Of 1110 respondents, 1096 responded to the patient satisfaction survey signifying a 98.8% response rate. Over 60% of respondents were women in both provinces. Over 90% of patients were satisfied with PHC services in both provinces. Factors associated with satisfaction in GP and FS were time spent waiting for consultation, nurses listened, being given information on condition and being treated politely. Having privacy respected came out as a significant factor in FS.Conclusions: High levels of satisfaction with PHC services were experienced by study participants in both provinces. Satisfied patients adhere to treatment plans and have better health-seeking behaviour, which translates to improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, nurses should continue listening, respecting and treating their patients with politeness, and also implement efficient work schedules to reduce patient waiting times.
The effect of leadership behaviours on followers’ experiences and expectations in a safety-critical industry
Authors: Joubert Christiaan G. , Feldman Joseph A.
Published: April 2017

Background: Motivation for this study was found in concern expressed by civil aviation organisations that specialists in the air navigation services provider sector require appropriate and beneficial organisational leadership to encourage, enable and manage transformation within this highly structured setting. Also, academic research puts emphasis on a need for investigations of the roles, expectations and requirements of followers in the leadership–followership relationship. Followers’ experiences and expectations of leadership behaviours in an air navigation service provider (ANSP) organisation were investigated and served as orientation and setting applicable to this study.Aim: The aim of the research was to identify and understand how follower experiences and expectations of leadership behaviours in a safety-critical commercial environment can affect leadership training and growth. The above-mentioned motivated this investigation of leadership traits and behaviours within an explicit context and from a follower’s viewpoint.Setting: The setting for the study was twenty two Air Traffic and Navigation Services Company sites where followers’ experiences and expectations of leadership behaviours in an air navigation service provider (ANSP) organisation were investigated and served as orientation and setting applicable to this study.Methods: An ethnographic case study research style was adopted and followed because it allowed for an all-inclusive, holistic narrative report and interpretation. The samples for the quantitative and qualitative components of this study were parallel and methods employed addressed different aspects of the phenomenon, which allowed for a mixed methods research design. A one-way causality in the research design was observed because traits of followers that might influence leaders’ behaviours were excluded. Data were collected by means of a Leader Trait and Behaviour Questionnaire completed by participants, individual interviews and focus group consultations.Results: Research findings dispensed a deeper appreciation of followers’ epistemological and ontological views, within a specified context, which were supported by a common need to achieve organisational safety objectives. A practical managerial benefit was found in the insights presented by followers of leadership, which can possibly benefit leadership development and training needs, along with training and advancement of followers.Conclusions: Research findings potentially add to enhancing understanding of leadership development theory, synonymous with a safety-critical commercial setting. A critical insight into the ‘unexplored’ leadership behaviour qualities found within a safety-critical milieu is subsequently offered.
A critical analysis of the meaning of the term ‘income’ in Sections 7(2) to 7(8) of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962
Authors: Van Wyk Danielle , Dippenaar Mareli
Published: April 2017

Background: Section 7 of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (the Act) was introduced as an anti-avoidance measure to prevent tax avoidance by means of a donation, settlement or other disposition in various types of schemes. In terms of this section, in certain circumstances, ‘income’ is deemed to be income received by or accrued to a taxpayer. Despite the fact that the term ‘income’ has been used in Section 7 from the time that it was first introduced into the Act and the fact that it is defined in section 1 of the Act, there still remains uncertainty regarding the intention of the legislature and the actual meaning of the term in terms of Section 7.Aim: The objective of the study is to understand whether the term ‘income’, as used in Sections 7(2) to 7(8) of the Act, is used in its defined sense or if it should be ascribed a different meaning.Setting: This article examines existing literature in a South African income tax environment.Method: A non-empirical study of existing literature was conducted by performing a historical analysis within a South African context. A doctrinal research approach was followed.Results: Possible interpretations determined include ‘income’ as defined in section 1 of the Act, namely ‘gross income’ (also defined) less exempt income, ‘gross income’, profits and gains or ‘taxable income’ (i.e. ‘income’ less allowable expenditure, deductions and losses) and ‘gross income’ less related deductible expenses and losses.Conclusion: It was found that the meaning of ‘income’, for purposes of Sections 7(2) to 7(8), remains an uncertainty, and it is recommended that the wording of Section 7 be amended to reflect the intended meaning thereof.
An approach to non-radiodense aspirated foreign bodies in the paediatric patient
Authors: Claassens Sunette , Verwey Charl , Pillay Tanyia
Published: April 2017

No abstract available.
Experiences of music listening among rugby players at North-West University
Authors: Aslett Tamaryn L. , Van Der Merwe Liesl , Kruger Jaco H.
Published: April 2017

This article documents a study that investigated the reasons why a group of student rugby players habitually listen to music as part of their pre-match routine. The investigation followed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach that allowed the players to verbalise their personal music listening experiences. The investigation links the music listening practices of the players with the concept of musical experience as an innate human capacity directed towards general well-being. For the players, well-being is a basic condition of happiness and optimism. Achieving and maintaining this condition draws on the emotive qualities of musical sound patterns, as well as the powerful, socially situated meanings of song lyrics. Consequent states of mind conceptualise a rewarding existence by integrating experiences in sport as well as in music. Directed towards rugby practice, the study found that music listening is an informal, individual activity that involves the use of earphones. The sense of personal isolation this induces is a prerequisite for generating focus as well as controlled energy, a state of mind regarded as essential for effective participation in rugby. The pervasive use yet informal application of this strategy by rugby players points to an officially undervalued psychological resource. This finding has implications for fuller exploitation and incorporation of music listening into rugby training programmes.
The theological anthropology of Simon Maimela: Democratisation of power and being human in relationship
Authors: Van Wyngaard George J.
Published: April 2017

The lacuna around race in (white) Christian theological anthropology has often been pointed out. The canon of academic systematic theology seldom reflects on the implication of modern race and racism for our theological anthropologies and, therefore, fails to provide adequate resources for dealing with one of the most fundamental problems of modern theological anthropology � that the modern human was conceived through a white racial lens. Black theology, in its various streams, has responded with a theological anthropology that consciously disrupted a modern anthropology which thought of �man� as white (and male). This article analyses the sustained work around theological anthropology of South African Black Theologian Simon Maimela. Maimela over a number of years attempted to articulate the theological problem of white anthropology, or the anthropological problem of white theology, in South Africa. Two dominant pillars are identified in Maimela�s theological anthropology and these are connected to the influence of Black theology and African theology on his work, and his attempt at drawing these traditions together. Maimela�s theological critique on whiteness will be discussed and key contemporary implications noted.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: While the article is most explicitly situated in the discipline of systematic theology, it challenges dominant narratives on what the theological problem with apartheid was, which also has implications for the broader fields of whiteness studies and critical race studies in South Africa.
Las exposiciones de El Lissitzky a través del Cine-ojo
Authors: Paz-Agras Luz
Published: April 2017

The Avant-Garde movements of the twentieth century explored the creative possibilities of new types of media in architecture, such as the photographic camera or cinema. In a series of experimental projects, authors such as El Lissitzky based their work on assimilating the human eye with a mechanical lens, making it possible to create new concepts of space. A simultaneous consideration of the resources of Vertov’s Cine-Eye in relation to the exhibition projects of El Lissitzky reveals some of his proposals as paradigmatic examples of the perceptive experimentation of the viewer in relation to art, and in a wider sense, to architecture. By analysing the cinematic resources of the film Man with a Movie Camera (1929), architectural aspects are analysed in the exhibition spaces of the Abstract Cabinet and PRESSA, identifying connections that break down the boundaries between the different disciplines.
Lecture croisée du désir dans Hable con ella de Pedro Almodóvar et La Macération de Rachid Boudjedra à travers le motif de l’eau
Authors: M'selmi Sana
Published: April 2017

Les personnages de l’écrivain algérien Rachid Boudjedra ne prennent pas la mer. Dans ses romans, la mer est citée en tant que frontière ; les fleuves sont des tombeaux à ciel ouvert où s’entassent les cadavres des résistants au colonisateur. Mais, La Macération, roman publié en 1984, met en scène un univers aquatique où écrire est faire acte de désir, où l’écriture est à la fois sexuelle et mystique car l’eau est encre et l’encre féconde la page blanche comme l’eau féconde la terre et l’homme féconde la femme. Parle avec elle : Marco est dans une chambre d’hôpital, il y veille Lydia qui semble dormir pour ne plus se réveiller. Plan rapproché, zoom sur les yeux grand ouverts de Marco. Ce dernier fait un rêve, où l’amante est vivante. Mais surtout, dans ce rêve, il y a un homme : beau et sculptural qui traverse une piscine à la nage. Pourquoi ce rêve ? Comment s’est fait le passage entre les gouttes du médicament se déversant dans le corps de « la belle endormie » à cette eau belle, bleue et translucide ? Comment Lydia a-t-elle laissé la place à cet homme ? Et qui est-il d’ailleurs ? Que fait-il dans ce film ? Scène seconde : Marco laisse couler ses larmes en regardant Pina Bausch se débattre sur scène contre des chaises et des murs. Marco pleure l’absente et Benigno regarde, comme fasciné, ces larmes viriles. Le choix de ces deux récits découle, entre autres, d’une ressemblance thématique – le désir d’un homme pour une femme qui passe ou non par la parole. La Macération et Parle avec elle, me semblent les plus aptes à porter en avant la porosité entre littérature et cinéma au niveau poétique (esthétique) en vue d’exprimer la notion du désir dans son lien viscéral avec l’image/la parole aquatique.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.2969
La thématique de l'eau dans l'œuvre de Driss Chraïbi
Authors: Guijarro Cebrián Cristina
Published: April 2017

En général, les écrivains francophones du Maghreb ont une liaison très forte avec l’eau étant donné que leurs pays d’origines sont riverains de la mer Méditerranée et de l’océan Atlantique. L'écrivain que je vous présente, Driss Chraïbi, est originaire de El Jadida, une petite ville située au bord de l’Atlantique à l’embouchure de l’Oum-er-Bia, le plus grand fleuve du Maroc. Pour lui, la présence de l’eau est importante pas seulement dans sa vie mais aussi dans son œuvre. Un de ses romans, La Mère du printemps, a comme sous-titre le nom du fleuve auprès duquel il est né. Chraïbi, comme signale François Mauriac dans Le romancier et ses personnages, souligne l’importance des lieux vécus même dans ses romans de fiction, et l’eau apparaît toujours comme un élément remarquable. D’un autre côté, l’eau sert à relier les différentes civilisations, la Méditerranée a toujours servi de moyen d’union entre les habitants d’une ou de l’autre rive ; elle représente aussi le radeau de sauvetage des immigrants qui cherchent une nouvelle opportunité, comme est le cas des personnages des Boucs. Une perspective postcoloniale (Bessière, Moura, Ashcroft, Griffiths, Tiffin) peut nous dévoiler toutes les représentations de l’eau dans l’imaginaire de cet écrivain du Maghreb et c’est l’approche que je propose pour cette communication.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.2995
Role of ambient ammonia in particulate ammonium formation at a rural site in the North China Plain
Authors: Meng Zhaoyang , Xu Xiaobin , Lin Weili , Xie Yulin , Song Bo , Jia Shihui , Zhang Rui , Peng Wei , Wang Ying , Cheng Hongbin , Yang Wen , Zhao Huarong
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The real-time measurements of NH3 and trace gases were conducted, in conjunction with semi-continuous measurements of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) from May to September 2013 in order to better understand of chemical characteristics for ammonia, and of the impact on formation of secondary ammonium aerosols in the NCP. Extremely high NH3 and NH4+ concentrations were observed after a precipitation event within 7–10 days following urea application. Elevated NH3 levels coincided with elevated NH4+, suggesting that NH3 plays a vital role in enhancing particulate ammonium. For the sampling period, the average oxidation/conversion ratios for SO42− (SOR), NO3− (NOR) and NH4+ (NHR) were estimated to be 64 %, 24 % and 30 %, respectively. The increased NH3 concentrations mainly from agricultural activities, coincided with the prevailing meteorological conditions could promote the secondary transformation, resulting in higher hourly SOR, NOR and NHR. The concentrations of NH3, NH4+, and NHR had clear diurnal variations, which could be attributed to their sources, meteorological conditions, and formation mechanisms. The back trajectory analysis indicates that the transport of air masses from the North China Plain region contributed to the atmospheric NH3 variations, and both regional sources and long-distance transport from southeast played important roles in the observed ammonium aerosol at rural site in the NCP. The findings of this study are expected to facilitate developing future NH3 emission control policies for the North China Plain.
Influence of semi-volatile aerosols on physical and optical properties of aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shrestha Sujan , Puppala Siva Praveen , Adhikary Bhupesh , Shrestha Kundan Lal , Panday Arnico K.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A field study was conducted in the urban atmosphere of the Kathmandu Valley to study influence of the semi-volatile aerosol fraction on physical and optical properties of aerosols. The study was carried out during the pre-monsoon season of 2015. Our experimental setup consisted of a single ambient air inlet from which the flow was split into two sets of identical sampling instruments; the first set was connected directly with an ambient sample while the second set received the air sample through a thermodenuder (TDD). Four sets of experiments were conducted for our study to understand aerosol number, size distribution, absorption, and scattering properties using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), Aethalometer (AE33) and Nephelometer respectively. The influence of semi-volatile aerosols were calculated based on the difference of aerosol properties at room temperature, 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C through set TDD temperatures to ambient sample. Our results show that with increasing TDD temperature, the evaporated fraction of semi-volatile aerosols also increased. At room temperature the semi-volatile fraction of aerosol number was 12 %, while at 300 °C it was as high as 49 % of ambient aerosol. Aerosol size distribution analysis from SMPS shows that with an increase in temperature from 50 °C to 300 °C, the peak mobility diameter of particles shifted from around 60 nm to 40 nm. However, no distinct change in the effective diameter of the aerosol size distribution was observed with increase in set TDD temperature. The change in size of aerosols due to loss of semi-volatile component had a stronger influence (~ 70 %) at larger size bins when compared to (~ 20 %) at smaller bins of SMPS. At 300 °C, the semi-volatile aerosols amplified BC absorption by approximately 28 % while scattering by the semi-volatile aerosols contributed up to 71 % of total scattering. The Scattering Angstrom Exponent (SAE) of the semi-volatile aerosol fraction was found to be more sensitive at lower temperatures (
Emulation of long-term changes in global climate: Application to the late Pliocene and future
Authors: Lord Natalie S. , Crucifix Michel , Lunt Dan J. , Thorne Mike C. , Bounceur Nabila , Dowsett Harry , O'Brien Charlotte L. , Ridgwell Andy
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Multi-millennial transient simulations of climate changes have a range of important applications, such as for investigating key geologic events and transitions for which high resolution palaeoenvironmental proxy data are available, or for projecting the long-term impacts of future climate evolution on the performance of geological repositories for the disposal of radioactive wastes. However, due to the high computational requirements of current fully coupled General Circulation Models (GCMs), long-term simulations can generally only be performed with less complex models and/or at lower spatial resolution. In this study, we present novel long-term “continuous” projections of climate evolution based on the output from GCMs, via the use of a statistical emulator. The emulator is calibrated using ensembles of GCM simulations which have varying orbital configurations and atmospheric CO2 concentrations and enables a variety of investigations of long-term climate change to be conducted which would not be possible with other modelling techniques at the same temporal and spatial scales. To illustrate the potential applications, we apply the emulator to the late Pliocene (by modelling SAT), comparing its results with palaeo-proxy data for a number of global sites, and to the next 200 thousand years (kyr) (by modelling SAT and precipitation). A range of CO2 scenarios are modelled for each period. During the late Pliocene, we find that emulated SAT varies on an approximately precessional timescale, with evidence of increased obliquity response at times. A comparison of atmospheric CO2 concentration for this period, estimated using the proxy data and emulator results and using proxy CO2 records, finds that relatively similar concentrations are produced at lower latitudes, although higher latitude sites show larger discrepancies. In our second illustrative application, spanning the next 200 kyr into the future, we find that SAT oscillations appear to be primarily influenced by obliquity for the first ~ 120 kyr, whilst eccentricity is relatively low, after which precession plays a more dominant role. Conversely, variations in precipitation over the entire period demonstrate a strong precessional signal. Overall, we find that the emulator provides a useful and powerful tool for rapidly simulating the long-term evolution of climate, both past and future, due to its relatively high spatial resolution and relatively low computational cost.