bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: a complication of an indwelling peripherally inserted central venous catheter
Authors: Carr Peter J. , Rippey James C. R.
Published: January 2015

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC)‐associated deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Ultrasound images and video of subclavian thrombus are presented. PICC line‐associated DVT, particularly in cancer patients is not uncommon. Point‐of‐care Emergency Department ultrasound can readily diagnose this complication and device removal is not always necessary.
Triggering Activity of Catalytic Rod‐Like Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Huerta Elisa , van Genabeek Bas , Lamers Brigitte A. G. , Koenigs Marcel M. E. , Meijer E. W. , Palmans Anja R. A.
Published: January 2015

Supramolecular polymers based on benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides (BTAs) functionalized with an L‐ or D‐proline moiety display high catalytic activity towards aldol reactions in water. High turnover frequencies (TOF) of up to 27×10−4 s−1 and excellent stereoselectivities (up to 96 % de, up to 99 % ee) were observed. In addition, the catalyst could be reused and remained active at catalyst loadings and substrate concentrations as low as 0.1 mol % and 50 mM, respectively. A temperature‐induced conformational change in the supramolecular polymer triggers the high activity of the catalyst. The supramolecular polymer’s helical sense in combination with the configuration of the proline (L‐ or D‐) is responsible for the observed selectivity.
N‐Doped Carbon Networks: Alternative Materials Tracing New Routes for Activating Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Cortese Remedios , Ferrante Francesco , Roggan Stefan , Duca Dario
Published: January 2015

The fragmentation of molecular hydrogen on N‐doped carbon networks was investigated by using molecular (polyaromatic macrocycles) as well as truncated and periodic (carbon nanotubes) models. The computational study was focused on the ergonicity analysis of the reaction and on the properties of the transition states involved when constellations of three or four pyridinic nitrogen atom defects are present in the carbon network. Calculations show that whenever N‐defects are embedded in species characterized by large conjugated π‐systems, either in polyaromatic macrocycles or carbon nanotubes, the corresponding H2 bond cleavage is largely exergonic. The fragmentation Gibbs free energy is affected by the final arrangement of the hydrogen atoms on the defect and by the extension of the π‐electron cloud, but it is not influenced by the curvature of the system.
Binary Polyazides of Cadmium and Mercury
Authors: Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: January 2015

Following our interest in binary element–nitrogen compounds we report here on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization (M.p., IR/Raman, elemental analysis, 14N/133Cd/199Hg NMR) of tri‐ and tetraazido cadmate and mercurate anions [E(N3)(2+n)]n− (E=Cd, Hg; n=1, 2) in a series of [Ph4P]+ and [PNP]+ ([PNP]+=bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) salts. The azide/chloride exchange in CH2Cl2 as well as the formation of tetrazolate salts in CH3CN solutions of the polyazido mercurates were investigated. Single crystal X‐ray structures of all new compounds, and for comparison [Ph4P][Cd2(N3)5(H2O)], were determined. Moreover, the synthesis of anhydrous cadmium(II) azide and its DMSO adduct is presented for the first time. For a better understanding of structure and bonding in E(N3)2, [E(N3)3]− and [E(N3)4]2−, theoretical calculations at the M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level were carried out.
Synthesis of Fluorinated and Nonfluorinated Graphene Quantum Dots through a New Top‐Down Strategy for Long‐Time Cellular Imaging
Authors: Sun Hanjun , Ji Haiwei , Ju Enguo , Guan Yijia , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: January 2015

Herein, a new strategy has been developed through combining a microwave‐assisted technique with hydrothermal treatment to reduce graphene waste and improve production yield of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) prepared by top‐down methods. By using fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) as a raw material, fluorinated GQDs and nonfluorinated GQDs can be synthesized. Additionally, in the fluorinated GQDs, the protective shell supplied by fluorine improves the pH stability of photoluminescence and the strong electron‐withdrawing group, F, reduces the π‐ electron density of the aromatic structure; thus inhibiting reactivity toward singlet oxygen produced during irradiation and improving the photostability. Therefore, the as‐prepared fluorinated GQDs with excellent photo‐ and pH stability are suitable for long‐term cellular imaging.
Pharmacokinetics of Gd(DO3A‐Lys) and MR imaging studies in an orthotopic U87MG glioma tumor model
Authors: Chandrasekharan Prashant , Yang Chang‐Tong , Nasrallah Fatima Ali , Tay Hui Chien , Chuang Kai‐Hsiang , Robins Edward G.
Published: January 2015

Pharmacokinetics of Gd(DO3A‐Lys), a macrocyclic gadolinium‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent functionalized with a lysine derivative, was studied in Wistar rats. Kinetic data were fitted using a two‐compartment model and revealed Gd(DO3A‐Lys) to have a distribution half‐life, t1/2(α), of 1.3 min, an elimination half‐life, t1/2(β), of 24.9 min and a large volume of distribution, VD, of 0.49 L/kg indicative of the agent being able to rapidly distribute into tissues and organs. Contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) in an orthotopic U87MG glioma mouse model demonstrated considerable enhancement of both the tumor and surrounding vasculature after intravenous administration of Gd(DO3A‐Lys). Applying dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in the glioma of different sizes further showed distinct uptake characteristics and patterns of enhancement, which suggests the potential for differentiating changes at different stages of tumor growth. Our results indicate that Gd(DO3A‐Lys) could be a promising candidate for glioma MR imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Available energy of improper lossless LLTIP one‐ports
Authors: Sommariva Antonino M.
Published: January 2015

A method for evaluating the available energy of a class of black‐box circuit components is proposed. The class consists of those linear lumped time‐invariant passive one‐ports of any order that are improper and lossless. The approach requires the utilization of tools and techniques from the calculus of variations (Euler–Lagrange equations and natural transversality conditions) and involves rather demanding algebraic and integro‐differential manipulations. However, the final formula for the available energy has the simple structure of a quadratic form in the one‐port external state vector, relatively easy to use or to implement. The various steps of the approach developed are illustrated through examples. Furthermore, to evidence the difference between available energy and stored energy, two degenerate and one non‐degenerate open‐box one‐ports are discussed in some detail. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The utility of multiparametric seven‐color flow cytometry in the detection of double hit lymphoma in ascitic fluid samples
Authors: Cordoba Raul , Alvarez Beatriz , Masso Pilar , Gonzalez Fernando Ataulfo , Conejo Luz , Velasco Diego , Alonso Juan‐Manuel , Villarrubia Jesus , Cava Fernando , Llamas Pilar
Published: January 2015

Double‐hit lymphoma (DHL) is a rare type of lymphoma with concurrent chromosomal translocations of C‐MYC with BCL2 or BCL6, associated with unfavorable prognosis. We describe a case of DHL in a 79‐year‐old female patient previously diagnosed with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with an early relapse in the ascitic fluid. A seven‐color multiparametric flow cytometry immunophenotyping study of the ascitic fluid was carried out, and revealed 99.78% of large in size and high cellular complexity B‐cells positive for CD19, CD10 (64.27%), CD45 dim, CD22 dim, CD25 (60%), CD43 bright, CD38 bright, and IgM (18.53%); and negative for CD20, CD5, CD23, CD79b, CD103, CD200, CD11c, and FMC7, and 78.99% without light chain expression and 21% with Lambda chain restriction. Due to the expression of CD19 and CD10 with overexpression of BCL‐2 protein and due to CD43 and CD38 positivity detected, those cells showed features between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed both c‐MYC/IGH and BCL2/IGH rearrangement. Our findings may help to identify cases requiring additional cytogenetic analysis. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Organocatalysis on Tap: Enantioselective Continuous Flow Processes Mediated by Solid‐Supported Chiral Organocatalysts
Authors: Rodríguez‐Escrich Carles , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: January 2015

Sustainability concerns are reshaping the way chemists work, not only at the stage of process design, but also when actually performing reactions. This change in outlook is exemplified by the deployment of continuous flow techniques, which is slowly becoming mainstream practice. Indeed, the possibility of performing catalytic processes (the flagship of sustainable chemistry) in flow presents distinctive advantages. Thus, several authors are focusing their efforts on trying to get the best of these two worlds, with the consequent challenge of finding common solutions for their corresponding issues. In the last few years, this approach has been taken one step further with the use in flow processing of enantioselective organocatalysts, which allow the production of enantiopure compounds free of metal contaminants. Here we cover the literature relating to the use of solid‐supported organocatalysts for the continuous flow production of enantiomerically enriched compounds.
Enantioselective Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Properties of a 1,1′‐Bitriphenylene‐Based Sila[7]helicene
Authors: Murayama Koichi , Oike Yasuaki , Furumi Seiichi , Takeuchi Masayuki , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: January 2015

A 1,1′‐bitriphenylene‐based sila[7]helicene was synthesized with a high ee value by enantioselective double [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a biaryl‐linked tetrayne with a silicon‐linked bis(propargylic alcohol) as a key step. This sila[7]helicene exhibited a high tolerance toward racemization, which could be explained by the X‐ray crystal structure analysis. With respect to the photophysical properties, this sila[7]helicene exhibited a relatively high fluorescence quantum yield and circularly polarized luminescence activity.
Improved Synthesis of the Triazacryptand (TAC) and its Application in the Construction of a Fluorescent TAC‐BODIPY Conjugate for K+ Sensing in Live Cells
Authors: Sui Binglin , Yue Xiling , Tichy Michael G. , Liu Taihong , Belfield Kevin D.
Published: January 2015

In this report, a vastly improved method for the synthesis of [2.2.3]‐triazacryptand (TAC), an excellent K+‐selective cryptand, is disclosed, which provides a shorter synthetic route with > fivefold higher overall yield. On the basis of the improved synthesis, a TAC‐BODIPY conjugate was developed for K+ sensing. TAC‐BODIPY is a fluorescence turn‐on K+ sensor exhibiting high selectivity toward K+ over other biologically relevant metal cations. Cell imaging studies are presented and demonstrate that TAC‐BODIPY is suitable for dynamic K+ sensing in live cells.
Thiodisaccharide Sulfoxides: Absolute Configuration of the SO Sulfur Atom and Influence on the Biological Activity towards the β‐Galactosidase from E. coli
Authors: Colomer Juan P. , Canales Mayordomo María Ángeles , Fernández de Toro Beatriz , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Varela Oscar
Published: January 2015

Benzyl 3‐deoxy‐4‐S‐(β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)‐4‐thio‐β‐D‐threo‐pentopyranoside (3) is a potent inhibitor of the β‐galactosidase from Escherichia coli synthesized in our laboratory. The 2′,3′,4′,6′‐tetra‐O‐acetyl derivative of this thiodisaccharide was oxidized with m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid to give a 2:1 diastereomeric mixture of sulfoxides 2S and 2R. The absolute configurations of their sulfur stereocenters were determined by using NMR techniques and by taking into account the anisotropic effects of the S=O group in the major conformers. O‐Deacetylation of 2S and 2R afforded the free thiodisaccharide S‐oxides 4S and 4R, which were evaluated as inhibitors of the above‐mentioned enzyme. The kinetic studies showed that 4S and 4R are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme with Ki values of 0.19 and 0.45 mM, respectively. Further enzymatic reactions demonstrated that 4S is also a substrate of the β‐galactosidase, as it was diastereoselectively hydrolyzed, with 4R remaining unchanged under the same conditions.
Alkyl Sulfinates: Formal Nucleophiles for Synthesizing TosMIC Analogs
Authors: Lujan‐Montelongo J. Armando , Estevez Angel Ojeda , Fleming Fraser F.
Published: January 2015

Alkyl sulfinates function as formal nucleophiles in Mannich‐type reactions to give sulfonyl formamides, which are readily dehydrated to the corresponding sulfonylmethyl isonitriles. The efficient, two‐step synthesis provides a general route to sulfonylmethyl isonitriles from readily available methyl sulfinates or thiols. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the unusual nucleophlicity of the alkyl sulfinates arises from the in situ release of sulfinic acids.
Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Native DNA and Nanosized Mediator for the Detection of Anthracycline Preparations
Authors: Evtugyn Gennady , Porfireva Anna , Stepanova Veronika , Budnikov Herman
Published: January 2015

A novel electrochemical DNA‐sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with electropolymerized Neutral red (NR) and polycarboxylated thiacax[4]arene with covalently attached mediator and electrostatically adsorbed DNA was developed for sensitive detection of anthracycline preparations. Intercalation of doxorubicin, daunorubicin and idarubicin into DNA increases the charge transfer resistance and decreases the electron exchange resulted in decay of the cathodic peak of NR reduction. The DNA‐sensor developed makes it possible to determine down to 0.05 nM doxorubicin, o.1 nM doxorubicin and 0.5 nM idarubicin. The DNA‐sensor was tested on detection of doxorubicin in pharmaceuticals and artificial blood plasma with 95–100 % recovery.
CC Bonding of Graphene Oxide on 4‐Aminophenyl Modified Gold Electrodes towards Simultaneous Detection of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Zhang Yin , Qi Meng , Liu Guozhen
Published: January 2015

This paper studied the electrochemical sensors based on CC bonding of graphene oxide (GO) on π‐conjugated aromatic group modified gold electrodes for simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions. For comparison, another sensing interface Au‐Ph‐NH‐CO‐GO, in which GO was modified to Au‐Ph‐NH2 interfaces by amide bonding. On the basis of the principle of heavy metal ions complexation with oxygenated species on GO, the fabricated sensing interfaces were used for the simultaneous determination of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+. The performance of two sensing interfaces for simultaneous detection of three metal ions was compared. Au‐Ph‐GO sensing interface demonstrated higher sensitivity and better repeatability than Au‐Ph‐NH‐CO‐GO sensing interface.
Electrochemical and Photometric Detection of Plasmin by Specific Peptide Substrate
Authors: Castillo Gabriela , Pribransky Kinga , Mező Gábor , Kocsis László , Csámpai Antal , Németh Krisztina , Keresztes Zsófia , Hianik Tibor
Published: January 2015

We report a comparative analysis of plasmin detection by means of electrochemical biosensor and photometric assays. The biosensor has been based on ferrocene‐modified peptide (Fc‐P) specific to plasmin. Fc‐P substrate is enzymatically cleaved by plasmin and the short fragment of peptide contained Fc is released causing decrease of redox current measured by cyclic voltammetry. The biosensor was tested in the range 1–20 nM of freshly prepared plasmin and it was highly selective (LOD=0.56±0.03 nM) demonstrating lower reaction to other proteins such as thrombin and β‐casein. The concentration of plasmin has been determined also by a photometric analysis based on UV‐vis spectroscopy (LOD=3.68±0.04 nM). The assay has been validated in milk samples.
Study of the specific heat capacity of biomass from banana waste for application in the second‐generation ethanol industry
Authors: Villa‐Vélez Harvey A. , Váquiro Henry A. , Lopes‐Filho José F. , Telis Vânia R. N. , Telis‐Romero Javier
Published: January 2015

An accurate determination of the thermal properties of biomass is particularly important when studying biomaterials for the second‐generation ethanol industry. This study presents the thermograms of aqueous solutions of banana flower stalks obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. The samples were prepared using a detailed procedure to obtain normalized specific heat values as a function of temperature, pH, and biomass concentration. The specific heat capacity data were fitted using empirical first‐order equations with an algorithm for nonlinear regression, followed by a statistical analysis. All the models applied in modeling of the specific heat capacity showed statistically significant goodness of fit (
 > 0.996) for all the parameters in the selected expressions. The results obtained in this research can provide information for the modeling, design, and control of the unit operations involved in the second‐generation ethanol industry. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1221–1228, 2015
Catalytic oxidation and conversion of kraft lignin into phenolic products using zeolite‐encapsulated Cu(II) [H4]salen and [H2]salen complexes
Authors: Zhou Xue‐Fei
Published: January 2015

The encapsulated copper (II) tetrahydro‐salen and salen complexes were prepared in NaY for oxidation of kraft lignin to obtain phenolic monomer. Structural information obtained by spectroscopies suggested that geometry was correlated to the enhanced chemical behavior of the complexes. Characterization using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry demonstrated that catalyzed reactions of kraft lignin in the presence of CH3COOOH produced major products including 2‐methoxy phenol, 4‐hydroxy benzaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl ethanone. The encapsulation and hydrogenation of complexes could improve reactivity. There was a greater improvement in reactivity for complexes on the immobilization by ship‐in‐a‐bottle method (SB) as compared with by impregnation method, and additionally a methanol fraction in the solvent proved beneficial effect for the product generation over these complexes in the oxidation of kraft lignin. Cu([H4]salen)/SB was proved to be most active as giving the highest kraft lignin converted per mole metal ion and selectivity. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1120–1128, 2015
The European Initiative ProYouth for the Promotion of Mental Health and the Prevention of Eating Disorders* Screening Results in Hungary
Authors: Szabó Kornélia , Czeglédi Edit , Babusa Bernadett , Szumska Irena , Túry Ferenc , Sándor Imola , Bauer Stephanie
Published: January 2015

Objective

The ProYouth programme focuses on the promotion of mental health and the prevention of eating disorders (EDs) among young people. The aim of our study was to explore whether the programme can address individuals who are at risk for developing 2EDs.

Method

This study is designed as an online cross‐sectional survey (n = 664, 12.2% men, 87.8% women, mean age: 24.9 years, SD = 5.4 years, range: 18–40 years). Measures included demographic data, self‐reported weight and height, the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety, Short Evaluation of Eating Disorders, Weight Concerns Scale and previous/current treatment for EDs.

Results

In terms of severity of EDs, 22.9% (n = 152) of the screened participants were symptom free, 48.8% (n = 324) had considerable concerns about their weight, 11.1% (n = 74) were slightly impaired, 15.1% (n = 100) had severe impairment and 2.1% (n = 14) of participants are currently under treatment for EDs. In total, 56.3% of users (n = 374) registered in the programme. According to our results, those who had considerable concerns about their weight and individuals who were severely impaired registered with a greater odds to the programme than those who were symptom free [odds ratio (OR) = 1.64, p = .021 and OR = 1.90, p = .023, respectively]. Furthermore, those who previously received treatment for their ED registered to the programme with greater odds than those who did not (OR = 2.40, p = .017).

Conclusion

ProYouth successfully addressed those who have elevated concerns about their weight and who also registered with greater odds to the programme than those who were symptom free regarding EDs. The screening results show that there is a greater need for specialized care targeting EDs in Hungary than what is currently available. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Determination of biogenic amines by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐DAD) in probiotic cow's and goat's fermented milks and acceptance
Authors: Costa Marion P. , Balthazar Celso F. , Rodrigues Bruna L. , Lazaro Cesar A. , Silva Adriana C. O. , Cruz Adriano G. , Conte Junior Carlos A.
Published: January 2015

This study evaluated the presence of biogenic amines in fermented cow's and goat's milks containing probiotic bacteria, during the first 10 days of chilled storage (4 ± 2°C), when the probiotic strains are most viable. The overall acceptance of both fermented milks, produced using the same starter culture and probiotics, was tested. In both products, the initially high levels of tyramine (560 mg kg−1means for both fermented milks), the predominant biogenic amine, increased during the storage period, which may be considered this amine as a quality index for fermented milks. The other principal biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and spermidine) were produced on days 1–5 of storage, and thereafter decreased. At the end of the 10th day, these amines, respectively, showed values of fermented cow's milk 20.26, 29.09, 17.97, and 82.07 mg kg−1; and values of fermented goat's milk 22.92, 29.09, 34.85, and 53.85 mg kg−1, in fermented cow's and goat's milk. Fermented cow's milk was well accepted compared to fermented goat's milk. The results suggested that the content of biogenic amines may be a criterion for selecting lactic acid bacteria used to produce fermented milks.
Endocrine‐disrupting potentials of equine estrogens equilin, equilenin, and their metabolites, in the medaka Oryzias latipes: in silico and DNA microarray studies
Authors: Uchida Masaya , Ishibashi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Ryoko , Koyanagi Akiko , Kusano Teruhiko , Tominaga Nobuaki , Ishibashi Yasuhiro , Arizono Koji
Published: January 2015

Although several previous studies have demonstrated the presence of equine estrogens in the aquatic environment, limited data are currently available on the endocrine‐disrupting potentials in fish and the risks they pose to aquatic organisms. To investigate the interactions of major equine estrogens equilin (Eq) and equilenin (Eqn), as well as their metabolites 17α‐dihydroequilin, 17β‐dihydroequilin, 17α‐dihydroequilenin and 17β‐dihydroequilenin, with the estrogen receptor α (ERα) of medaka (Oryzias latipes), a three‐dimensional model of the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of ERα was built in silico, and docking simulations were performed. The docking simulation analysis indicated that the interaction of 17β‐dihydroequilenin with the ERα LBD is the most potent, followed by those of 17α‐dihydroequilin and 17β‐dihydroequilin, whereas those of Eq and Eqn were least potent. We further analyzed gene expression profiles in the livers of male medaka exposed to Eq and Eqn. A DNA microarray representing 6000 genes revealed that 24‐h exposure to Eq and Eqn (100 ng/L) upregulated the expression of 6 and 34 genes in the livers of males, respectively. Genes upregulated by Eq included the estrogenic biomarker genes vitellogenins and choriogenins, suggesting the estrogenic potential of Eq. In contrast, Eqn exposure upregulated several cancer‐related genes, such as mediator complex subunit 16 and RAS oncogene family members, suggesting a carcinogenic potential for Eqn. These results suggest that equine estrogens may have not only endocrine‐disrupting potentials via the ERα signaling pathway but also carcinogenic potency in male medaka. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanobiocomposite of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)/chitosan electrospun scaffold can promote proliferation and transdifferentiation of Schwann‐like cells from human adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Razavi Shahnaz , Zarkesh‐Esfahani Hamid , Morshed Mohammad , Vaezifar Sedigheh , Karbasi Saeed , Golozar Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2015

The transdifferentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) into Schwann‐like cells on biocomposite scaffolds may be a critical issue in nerve regeneration medicine. In this study, tissue‐engineered scaffold with chitosan (CS) nanopowders and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) was investigated for its potential Schwann cells (SCs) transdifferentiation.

The differentiation of human ADSCs into S‐like cells was induced with different CS content and direction of nanofibers on PLGA/CS scaffolds. Cell morphology and proliferation of differentiated cells were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay respectively. For assessment efficiency of transdifferentiation, the expression of SC markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100), and myelinogenic marker (myelin basic protein) was investigated in different nanochitosan content and direction of nanofibers scaffolds, using immunocytochemistry technique.

The nanochitosan can significantly promote cell proliferation of differentiated cells (p < 0.05). The mean percentage of S‐like cells on greater CS content nanofibers scaffold was significantly higher than others (p < 0.05). In addition, the align orientation of nanofibers in scaffolds guided the differentiation of ADSCs toward myelinating S‐like cells on the constructs.

Overall, we found that high CS content and aligned‐orientation of nanofibers in biocomposite scaffold (70/30A) can promote differentiation and myelinogenic capacity of S‐like cells induced from human ADSCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2628–2634, 2015.
Performance Evaluation of a Salivary Amylase Biosensor for Stress Assessment in Military Field Research
Authors: Peng Henry T. , Savage Erin , Vartanian Oshin , Smith Shane , Rhind Shawn G. , Tenn Catherine , Bjamason Stephen
Published: January 2015

Background

A convenient biosensor for real‐time measurement of biomarkers for in‐field psychophysiological stress research and military operations is desirable. We evaluated a hand‐held device for measuring salivary amylase as a stress marker in medical technicians undergoing combat casualty care training using two different modalities in operating room and field settings.

Methods

Salivary amylase activity was measured by two biosensor methods: directly sampling saliva with a test strip placed under the tongue or pipetting a fixed volume of precollected saliva onto the test strip, followed by analyzing the sample on the strip using a biosensor. The two methods were compared for their accuracy and sensitivity to detect the stress response using an enzyme assay method as a standard.

Results

The measurements from the under‐the‐tongue method were not as consistent with those from the standard assay method as the values obtained from the pipetting method. The under‐the‐tongue method did not detect any significant increase in the amylase activity due to stress in the operating room (P > 0.1), in contrast to the significant increases observed using the pipetting method and assay method with a significance level less than 0.05 and 0.1, respectively. Furthermore, the under‐the‐tongue method showed no increased amylase activity in the field testing, while both the pipetting method and assay method showed increased amylase activity in the same group (P < 0.1).

Conclusion

The accuracy and consistency of the biosensors need to be improved when used to directly measure salivary amylase activity under the tongue for stress assessment in military medical training.
Randomized clinical trial of peritoneal lavage for preventing surgical site infection in elective liver surgery
Authors: Tanaka Kuniya , Matsuo Kenichi , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Murakami Takashi , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Hirano Atsushi , Sato Sho , Endo Itaru , Taguri Masataka , Koda Keiji
Published: January 2015

Background

Although intraoperative peritoneal lavage is often performed routinely with the aim of reducing peritoneal contamination, little evidence of lavage benefits in elective liver resection without bile duct resection is available. We addressed the issue with a randomized clinical trial.

Methods

We prospectively and randomly assigned consecutive patients undergoing liver resection to a lavage group or a non‐lavage group. Peritoneal lavage was performed at the end of operation for patients in the lavage group. The primary endpoint was the rate of surgical site infection.

Results

Ninety‐six patients were assigned to the lavage group and 97 to the non‐lavage group. When superficial/deep incisional infection and organ/space infection were considered together, no significant difference in surgical site infection rate was evident between lavage (21.9%) and non‐lavage groups (13.4%, P = 0.135). However, organ/space infection was significantly more frequent in the lavage group (16.7%) than the non‐lavage group (7.2%, P = 0.048). Peritoneal lavage was identified as a risk factor for organ/space infection by multivariate analysis (relative risk, 2.977; confidence interval, 1.094 to 8.100; P = 0.033).

Conclusion

Intraoperative peritoneal lavage does not reduce overall incidence of surgical site infection and may increase risk of organ/space infection.
An intercomparison of CMIP5 and CMIP3 models for interannual variability of summer precipitation in Pan‐Asian monsoon region
Authors: Gao Ya , Wang Huijun , Jiang Dabang
Published: January 2015

Twenty‐one climate models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and thirty‐one models from the project's Phase 5 (CMIP5) were used to evaluate model reproducibility in assessing interannual variability of summer precipitation in Pan‐Asian monsoon region. The results show that both the multi‐model ensemble means of the best eight models and of the thirty‐one CMIP5 models are more skilful than those of the CMIP3 models in simulating the climatological pattern and the dominant mode of summer precipitation in Pan‐Asian monsoon region. CMIP5 models show improved skill in representing the main characteristic of the first mode of summer precipitation in Pan‐Asian monsoon region, which is a meridional tripole pattern from north to south occurring east of the 80°E region. That is, owing to the improved El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pattern and the relationship between Antarctic oscillation in the southern Pacific Ocean (AAOSP) and ENSO, the first dominant mode of summer precipitation in Pan‐Asian monsoon region are captured by CMIP5 models, which indicates that these models are more skilful in simulating the air–sea interaction of the Southern Hemisphere.
Letter: Dual‐mode oxide thin film transistor shift register for external compensation in active‐matrix organic light emitting diode displays
Authors: Song Seok‐Jeong , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: January 2015

This letter describes a dual‐mode oxide thin film transistor shift register for active‐matrix organic light emitting diode displays, which provides two separate scanning and sensing pulses on one line. At a 240 Hz full‐high definition (HD) timing, estimated power consumptions are 2.44 and 2.81 mW for scanning and sensing shift registers of 16 stages at VTH = −1.56 V, respectively.
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Psychological Symptoms in Women With PTSD
Authors: Nillni Yael I. , Pineles Suzanne L. , Patton Samantha C. , Rouse Matthew H. , Sawyer Alice T. , Rasmusson Ann M.
Published: January 2015

The menstrual cycle has been implicated as a sex‐specific biological process influencing psychological symptoms across a variety of disorders. Limited research exists regarding the role of the menstrual cycle in psychological symptoms among women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study examined the severity of a broad range of psychological symptoms in both the early follicular (Days 2–6) and midluteal (6–10 days postlutenizing hormone surge) phases of the menstrual cycle in a sample of trauma‐exposed women with and without PTSD (N = 49). In the sample overall, total psychological symptoms (d = 0.63), as well as depression (d = 0.81) and phobic anxiety (d = 0.81) symptoms, specifically, were increased in the early follicular compared to midluteal phase. The impact of menstrual cycle phase on phobic anxiety was modified by a significant PTSD × Menstrual Phase interaction (d = 0.63). Women with PTSD reported more severe phobic anxiety during the early follicular versus midluteal phase, whereas phobic anxiety did not differ across the menstrual cycle in women without PTSD. Thus, the menstrual cycle appears to impact fear‐related symptoms in women with PTSD. The clinical implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
A Novel Laser Tool for High‐Volume Sample Preparation
Authors: Höche Thomas , Krause Michael , Ebert Martin , Wagner Uwe , Gebhardt Mandy
Published: January 2015

Over the past fifty years, lasers have perpetuated to find new, often groundbreaking applications in science and technology. The most important features of lasers are that photons are inherently free of elemental contamination, extremely high energy densities can be focused in very small areas and the laser beam can be precisely positioned using deflection mirrors. By reducing pulse lengths from a few nanoseconds down to the picosecond or femtosecond range, materials ablation is becoming increasingly “athermal”, i. e., structure damage by local heating is reduced to well below a few microns. In view of these outstanding characteristics of lasers as tools for micromachining, it is very surprising that sample preparation for microstructure diagnostics so far hasn't made use of laser technology.
Highly‐Efficient Semiconductor Laser Diodes
Authors: Zorn Martin
Published: January 2015

Semiconductor laser diodes manufactured as laser bars, laser arrays, and single emitters are highly‐desired light sources, e. g. for direct material processing, as pump sources for solid state and fiber lasers or in medical applications. They feature a high output power and efficiency combined with a good reliability resulting in a long‐living device with a low cost of ownership. Desired wavelengths for these applications range from 760 nm, e. g. as replacement for Alexandrite lasers in esthetic skin treatment, up to 1,060 nm for direct material processing and pumping applications.
The extracellular RNA complement of Escherichia coli
Authors: Ghosal Anubrata , Upadhyaya Bimal Babu , Fritz Joëlle V. , Heintz‐Buschart Anna , Desai Mahesh S. , Yusuf Dilmurat , Huang David , Baumuratov Aidos , Wang Kai , Galas David , Wilmes Paul
Published: January 2015

The secretion of biomolecules into the extracellular milieu is a common and well‐conserved phenomenon in biology. In bacteria, secreted biomolecules are not only involved in intra‐species communication but they also play roles in inter‐kingdom exchanges and pathogenicity. To date, released products, such as small molecules, DNA, peptides, and proteins, have been well studied in bacteria. However, the bacterial extracellular RNA complement has so far not been comprehensively characterized. Here, we have analyzed, using a combination of physical characterization and high‐throughput sequencing, the extracellular RNA complement of both outer membrane vesicle (OMV)‐associated and OMV‐free RNA of the enteric Gram‐negative model bacterium Escherichia coli K‐12 substrain MG1655 and have compared it to its intracellular RNA complement. Our results demonstrate that a large part of the extracellular RNA complement is in the size range between 15 and 40 nucleotides and is derived from specific intracellular RNAs. Furthermore, RNA is associated with OMVs and the relative abundances of RNA biotypes in the intracellular, OMV and OMV‐free fractions are distinct. Apart from rRNA fragments, a significant portion of the extracellular RNA complement is composed of specific cleavage products of functionally important structural noncoding RNAs, including tRNAs, 4.5S RNA, 6S RNA, and tmRNA. In addition, the extracellular RNA pool includes RNA biotypes from cryptic prophages, intergenic, and coding regions, of which some are so far uncharacterised, for example, transcripts mapping to the fimA‐fimL and ves‐spy intergenic regions. Our study provides the first detailed characterization of the extracellular RNA complement of the enteric model bacterium E. coli. Analogous to findings in eukaryotes, our results suggest the selective export of specific RNA biotypes by E. coli, which in turn indicates a potential role for extracellular bacterial RNAs in intercellular communication.
A new regulatory mechanism for bacterial lipoic acid synthesis
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Luo Qixia , Gao Haichun , Feng Youjun
Published: January 2015

Lipoic acid, an essential enzyme cofactor, is required in three domains of life. In the past 60 years since its discovery, most of the pathway for lipoic acid synthesis and metabolism has been elucidated. However, genetic control of lipoic acid synthesis remains unclear. Here, we report integrative evidence that bacterial cAMP‐dependent signaling is linked to lipoic acid synthesis in Shewanella species, the certain of unique marine‐borne bacteria with special ability of metal reduction. Physiological requirement of protein lipoylation in γ‐proteobacteria including Shewanella oneidensis was detected using Western blotting with rabbit anti‐lipoyl protein primary antibody. The two genes (lipB and lipA) encoding lipoic acid synthesis pathway were proved to be organized into an operon lipBA in Shewanella, and the promoter was mapped. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that the putative CRP‐recognizable site (AAGTGTGATCTATCTTACATTT) binds to cAMP‐CRP protein with origins of both Escherichia coli and Shewanella. The native lipBA promoter of Shewanella was fused to a LacZ reporter gene to create a chromosome lipBA‐lacZ transcriptional fusion in E. coli and S. oneidensis, allowing us to directly assay its expression level by β‐galactosidase activity. As anticipated, the removal of E. coli crp gene gave above fourfold increment of lipBA promoter‐driven β‐gal expression. The similar scenario was confirmed by both the real‐time quantitative PCR and the LacZ transcriptional fusion in the crp mutant of Shewanella. Furthermore, the glucose effect on the lipBA expression of Shewanella was evaluated in the alternative microorganism E. coli. As anticipated, an addition of glucose into media effectively induces the transcriptional level of Shewanella lipBA in that the lowered cAMP level relieves the repression of lipBA by cAMP‐CRP complex. Therefore, our finding might represent a first paradigm mechanism for genetic control of bacterial lipoic acid synthesis.
Effects of a 2‐year behavioral weight loss intervention on sleep and mood in obese individuals treated in primary care practice
Authors: Alfaris Nasreen , Wadden Thomas A. , Sarwer David B , Diwald Lisa , Volger Sheri , Hong Patricia , Baxely Amber , Minnick Alyssa M. , Vetter Marion L. , Berkowitz Robert I. , Chittams Jesse
Published: January 2015

Objective

To examine the effect of weight loss on sleep duration, sleep quality, and mood in 390 obese men and women who received one of three behavioral weight loss interventions in the Practice‐based Opportunities for Weight Reduction trial at the University of Pennsylvania (POWER‐UP).

Methods

Sleep duration and quality were assessed at baseline and months 6 and 24 by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and mood by the Patient Health Questionnaire‐8 (PHQ‐8). Changes in sleep and mood were examined according to treatment group and based on participants' having lost ≥5% of initial weight vs. <5%.

Results

There were few significant differences between treatment groups in changes in sleep or mood. At month 6, however, mean (±SD) min of sleep increased significantly more in participants who lost ≥5% vs. <5% (21.6 ± 7.2 vs. 1.2 ± 6.0 min, P = 0.0031). PSQI total scores similarly improved (declined) more in those who lost ≥5% vs. <5% (−1.2 ± 0.2 vs. −0.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), as did PHQ‐8 scores (−2.5 ± 0.4 vs. −0.1 ± 0.3, P < 0.0001). At month 24, only the differences in mood remained statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Losing ≥5% of initial weight was associated with short‐term improvements in sleep duration and sleep quality, as well as favorable short‐ and long‐term changes in mood.
Posttraumatic growth, depression and anxiety in head and neck cancer patients: examining their patterns and correlations in a prospective study
Authors: Leong Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Zakaria Hazli , Rajandram Rama Krsna , Mahadevan Raynuha , Mohamad Yunus Mohd Razif , Shah Shamsul Azhar
Published: January 2015

Background

Positive and negative psychological reactions have been described in head and neck cancer patients. Nevertheless, the relationships between these responses across time need to be studied to understand the patients' strengths and vulnerabilities.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the changes in posttraumatic growth (PTG), depression and anxiety longitudinally and the correlations between PTG and depression and anxiety in head and neck cancer patients.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on 60 head and neck cancer patients within a year of diagnosis recruited from an oncology referral centre in Malaysia with 50 patients completing the study. The PTG Inventory–Short Form (PTGI‐SF) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used at baseline and at 6 months follow‐up.

Results

There were significant reductions in the scores of PTGI‐SF (mean difference = −5.5, p = 0.014), HADS (Depression) (mean difference = −2.0, p < 0.05) and HADS (Anxiety) (mean difference = −2.0, p < 0.05) from baseline to follow‐up. However, their correlations were not significant. HADS (Depression) score at baseline showed weak inverse correlation with PTGI‐SF score (rho = −0.147, p = 0.309), whereas PTGI‐SF score had weak positive correlations with HADS (Anxiety) at baseline (rho = 0.261, p = 0.067), HADS (Depression) at follow‐up (rho = 0.083, p = 0.566) and HADS (Anxiety) at follow‐up (rho = 0.111, p = 0.445). HADS scores also did not predict total PTGI‐SF score longitudinally.

Conclusion

There were reductions in PTG, depression and anxiety within a year of cancer diagnosis and 6 months later with no significant correlations between PTG with depression and anxiety. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incentives and Disincentives of Corporate Environmental Disclosure: Evidence from Listed Companies in China and Malaysia
Authors: Hu Yuan Yuan , Karbhari Yusuf
Published: January 2015

Previous studies on motivations for corporate environmental disclosure (CED) in emerging countries are generally undertheorized and have neglected to investigate disincentives. This study addresses this gap using legitimacy theory to determine whether differences exist between Chinese and Malaysian managers in relation to incentives and disincentives forCED. Our findings reveal that differences exist suggesting that legitimization strategies, if employed, vary and perceptions of legitimacy threat differ between countries. The study also reports that the dominating incentive for managers in both countries is to appear reputable; implying a strategicCEDapproach is undertaken in an attempt to alter public perceptions about the legitimacy of an organization. Interestingly, the incentive of regulatory pressure was found insignificant in both countries in persuading companies to engage inCED. Finally, potential damage to a company's reputation received considerable support from all respondents revealing a degree of uncertainty aboutCED. Overall, the study contributes to the literature onCEDpractices in emerging economies and points to some policy suggestions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperspectral microscopy as an analytical tool for nanomaterials
Authors: Roth Gary A. , Tahiliani Sahil , Neu‐Baker Nicole M. , Brenner Sara A.
Published: January 2015

Hyperspectral microscopy is an advanced visualization technique that combines hyperspectral imaging with state‐of‐the‐art optics and computer software to enable the rapid identification of materials at the micro‐ and nanoscales. Achieving this level of resolution has traditionally required time‐consuming and costly electron microscopy techniques. While hyperspectral microscopy has already been applied to the analysis of bulk materials and biologicals, it shows extraordinary promise as an analytical tool to locate individual nanoparticles and aggregates in complex samples through rapid optical and spectroscopic identification. This technique can be used to not only screen for the presence of nanomaterials, but also to locate, identify, and characterize them. It could also be used to identify a subset of samples that would then move on for further analysis via other advanced metrology. This review will describe the science and origins of hyperspectral microscopy, examine current and emerging applications in life science, and examine potential applications of this technology that could improve research efficiency or lead to novel discoveries. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:565–579. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1330

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Copper(I) Phenylselenolate Complexes Stabilized by N, N′‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Cabral Bruno N. , Zawatski Luana E. , Abram Ulrich , Lang Ernesto S.
Published: January 2015

The reaction of sodium phenylselenolate and copper(I) chloride generates in situ a “CuSePh” species, which can be stabilized by N, N′‐donor ligands such as bpy (2, 2′‐bipyridine) or phen (1, 10‐phenanthroline) in order to generate compounds with μ2‐SePh– or μ3‐SePh– groups connecting the copper atoms. The intermediate stabilization of mononuclear “CuSePh” building blocks by the coordination N, N′‐donor ligands prevents from the rapid formation of less soluble polymers and gives access to three new compounds, [{Cu2(bpy)2(μ3‐SePh)}{CuCl2}2]2, [{Cu4(phen)3(μ2‐SePh)(μ3‐SePh)}2(μ2‐Cl)2] (CuCl2)2·2(PhSe)2, and [Cu6(bpy)2(μ2‐SePh)2(μ3‐SePh)4]·(THF).
Classical solutions for a modified Hele‐Shaw model with elasticity
Authors: Abels Helmut , Schaubeck Stefan
Published: January 2015

For a large class of initial data, we prove the existence of classical solutions locally in time to a modified Hele‐Shaw problem that takes elastic effects into account. The system arises as sharp interface model of a Cahn‐Hilliard system coupled with linearized elasticity. By using the Hanzawa transformation, we can reduce the system to a single evolution equation for the height function. Then short time existence is proven by inverting the linearized operator and applying the contraction mapping principle.