bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АКТУЕЛНА ПРИЈЕТЊА ТЕРОРИЗМОМ И ОКВИР РЕАГОВАЊА
Authors: Шикман Миле
Published: January 2018

У историји тероризма ова појава је увијек била актуелнаи изазивала је вишеструку пажњу јавности. Тако је насиље токомФранцуске бурожоарске револуције (1789–1799) постало значајанњен чинилац, бомбашки напади су обиљежили период анархизма(током 19. вијека), отмице ваздухоплова су згрaжавале јавност оддруге половине двадесетог вијека, а вјерски радикализам је постаоособеност савременог доба (од краја 20. вијека). Ипак, чини се да је овапосљедња етапа у историјској генези тероризма превазишла до садапозната поимања ове појаве, при чему су посљедице далекосежнијеи утичу на цијелу међународну заједницу. Брутални терористичкинапади, истоврeмени на више континената, масовност жртава,на једној страни, и терористички колективитет који контролишеодређену територију и становништво на њој кључне су особине ‘’новог’’,‘’модерног’’, ‘’саврeменог’’ тероризма. Заправо, тероризам данас јепријетња међународном миру и безбјeдности, што га сврстава у реднајтежих злочина. Такође, специфичност јесте и одговор тероризму, којиувелико превазилази оквире националних држава, па и међународнихауторитета. Оно што је нарочито изражено јеcтe да одговор на актуелнитероризам јесте одговор на ‘’ратни чин’’, у којем доминантно учествујуоружане снаге земаља (авијација, морнарица, крстареће ракете, итд.), амање противтерористичке јединице које су биле симбол борбе противтероризма од 70-тих година прошлог вијека. У раду ће бити дат освртна актуелни тероризам, манифестован прије свега кроз терористичкиколективитет под називом ‘’Исламска држава’’, те одговор на наведенупријетњу.
КАЗНА ЗАТВОРА ЗА ПРЕКРШАЈЕ
Authors: Грбић-Павловић Николина
Published: January 2018

Посљедњим Законом о прекршајима Републике Српске(Закон о прекршајима Републике Српске, „Службени гласник РепубликеСрпске“, број 63/14; у даљем тексту: Закон), који је донесен јула 2014.године предвиђено је да се за свако противправно дјело које представљакршење јавног поретка или прописа о економском или финансијскомпословању утврђено законом или другим прописом, а за које су одређенаобиљежја, могу изрећи прекршајне санкције и друге мјере. Најтежаврста прекршајних санкција за почињене прекршаје јесте казна. УРепублици Српској предвиђене су двије врсте казни за кажњавањепочинилаца прекршаја, и то: казна затвора и новчана казна (члан 38.Закона). С обзиром на то, у претходном прекршајном законодавствуније постојала могућност изрицања казне затвора; поновна могућностизрицања ове казне представља „стару новину“ код нас (јер је пријереформе прекршајног законодавства из 2006. казна затвора постојалакао казна). Како је у периоду од доношења најновијег Закона извршеноусклађивање само законског текста из области нарушавања јавног редаи мира прекршајима, у овом раду ће се анализирати прекршаји за које семоже изрећи казна затвора из ове области.
ПОЈАМ, ОБИЉЕЖЈА И ПОЈАВНИ ОБЛИЦИ ПРИМАЊА И ДАВАЊА МИТА
Authors: Спремо Вељко
Published: January 2018

Сва модерна демократска друштва настоје да се ријешедруштвеног зла званог примања и давања мита, али се тешко којеможе похвалити нарочитим успјехом. Oва чињеница говори колико јетo сложен друштвени феномен, који се, превасходно не може објаснитисам из себе, а при том је врло тешко, готово немогуће мјерити га.Примање и давање мита је аморална друштвена појава која штетикако економском тако и демократском развоју једне земље. Битно јеразграничити појам мита од појма корупције: корупија је, у правилу,повезана са митом, али свако мито се не може идентификовати сакорупцијом. Мито је поткупљивање у било којој ситуацији, а не само уобласти државног управљања.
ПРЕГОВАРАЊЕ КАО НАЧИН РЈЕШАВАЊА КРИЗНИХ СИТУАЦИЈА У МИНИСТАРСТВУ УНУТРАШЊИХ ПОСЛОВА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Мојсиловић Жељко , Јовановић Васо
Published: January 2018

Савремене безбједносне службе користе све расположивестручне и научне ресурсе како би сталним усавршавањем метода којекористе у свом раду ишле у корак са изазовима растућег криминалаи тероризма. Уз улагање у технолошки напредак, приоритет је датулагању у развој људских ресурса у смислу усмјеравања, усавршавањаи савладавања одређених вјештина које битно подижу ефикасност уобласти планирања, руковођења и реализовања конкретних задатака.Узимање талаца или отмице су нека од оружја у криминалном арсеналу,која ипак дају више шансе властима да избјегну катастрофалнепосљедице. Овакве ситуације се могу ријешити или преговоримаили примјеном силе. У кризним ситуацијама, у којима је могућеостварити контакт са супротстављеном страном, преговарање можеда буде успјешно и да има предност над другим полицијским мјерама.За рјешавање кризних ситуација преговорима, развила се посебнадисциплина позната као полицијско преговарање.У овом раду јепредстављено полицијско преговарање као метод рјешавања кризнихситуација, анализирани су циљеви и задаци полицијских преговарачкихтимова, стратегије и тактике комуникације, а представљен је и системорганизације преговарачке службе МУП-а Републике Српске с освртомна конкретне задатке преговарача, што читаоцима и истраживачимаможе указати на значај преговарања за безбједност грађана РепубликеСрпске, као и потребу за даљим развојем ове значајне областиполицијског дјеловања.
КОНТРОЛИСАНА ИСПОРУКА КАО МЕТОД СУПРОТСТАВЉАЊА ОРГАНИЗОВАНОМ КРИМИНАЛУ
Authors: Нинчић Жељко
Published: January 2018

Савремени облици развоја криминала и његове, усавременим условима, организоване форме испољавања, представљајуреалну опасност по безбедност друштва у целини. Такав начин деловањакриминалне заједнице отежава откривање, спречавање и доказивањекривичних дела које она врши. Због тога, реакција државних органазахтева проактиван начин деловања, односно промену досадашњегреактивног карактера истраге, где се кривична дела истражују текнакон што су учињена. Промену захтевају како карактеристикесамих кривичних дела тако и карактеристике њихових учинилаца.У практичном смислу, то је одређена „допуна“ класичних истражнихсредстава, односно прилагођавање савременим облицима испољавањакриминала, с циљем прикупљања квалитетних, процесно валиднихдоказа. Ово је посебно значајно када су у питању сложене криминалнеоперације, у којима учествује више лица.У раду се анализира контролисана испорука, као једна од најмлађихспецијалних истражних метода, односно посебних доказних радњи какосе, у већини законодавстава, називају. Анализира се појам и функцијаспецијалних истражних метода, наглашава значај правног регулисањаи поштовања основних начела њихове примене, и посебно указујена одређене специфичности припреме и спровођења контролисанеиспоруке, из угла правног регулисања у Републици Србији.
ПОСЕБАН РЕЖИМ ИЗВРШЕЊА КАЗНЕ ЗАТВОРА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Драговић Свјетлана , Гаговић Петар
Published: January 2018

Начини извршења казне затвора кроз историју су семијењали. Како се мијењало схватање о сврси казне и кажњавања, такосу се мијењали и начини извршења. Кривични закон Републике Српскепрописује да се сврха казне, односно кажњавања састоји у спречавањуучиниоца да чини кривична дјела и његово преваспитање, утицају надруге да не чине кривична дјела и развијању и учвршћивању друштвенеодговорности кроз изражавање друштвене осуде за кривично дјело инеопходности поштовања закона.Наш казнени систем се састоји од двије казне, казне затвора иновчане казне. С обзиром на то да је тема рада посебан режим извршењаказне затвора, аутори ће у раду говорити само о казни затвора, каовременској казни лишења слободе, с тим да ће посебна пажња битипосвећена њеном извршењу (безбједносним аспектима извршења),односно посебном режиму извршења казне затвора. Презентоваће сесамо рјешења важећих законских прописа Републике Српске.
ВОЛУНТАРИЗАЦИЈА И КВАЗИКРИМИНАЛИСТИЧКА ПРАКСА У ВЕЗИ СА УВИЂАЈЕМ
Authors: Миладиновић Александар
Published: January 2018

У пракси су изражени бројни проблеми у вези сапредузимањем истражних радњи, а поготово су ти проблеми израженикод увиђаја. Као посљедица тога, јавља се одређена волунтаризација упредузимању и вршењу увиђаја, која, усљед заступљености, засигурнозаслужује и посебну елаборацију тог квазикриминалистичкогпоступања. Узроци наведеног су многобројни, али је чињеница да сеуглавном могу перципирати кроз незнање или квазикриминалистичкознање полицијских службеника, што резултира пауперизацијом исвојеврсним скрњављењем криминалистике, и као науке и као праксе.Поред стручних и професионалних посљедица, волунтаристичко иквазикриминалистичко поступање полиције резултира и немогућношћукоришћења резултата увиђаја у доказном поступку. Усљед наведеног, ураду ће се дати неколико примјера за које аутор сматра да представљајуучесталију негативну праксу у вези са вршењем увиђаја.
КРИВИЧНО ДЈЕЛО ТЕШКЕ КРАЂЕ У СТАРОМЕ ВИЈЕКУ
Authors: Поповић Предраг , Гајић Миодраг
Published: January 2018

Незамисливо је говорити о правилном схватању и сазнањусуштине и циља правне норме, а посебно института, без схватања условаи узрока који су довели до њиховог успостављања. Сви кривичноправниинститути вуку коријене од давнина, односно од првобитне људскезаједнице. У вези с тим, неопходно je да се сваки институт па и тешкакрађа прво проучи кроз његов историјски развој. То је и разумљивачињеница без које се не може схватити ни оцијенити мјесто, значај иулога тешке крађе у савременом кривичном законодавству. Један периоду развоју људског друштва је и стари вијек, који је претеча развојадруштва, а самим тим и кривичног права и његових института. У овомраду ће бити приказан начин инкриминације поменутог кривичног дјелау државама старог вијека.
КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧКОМЕТОДОЛОШКИ ПРИСТУП ИДЕНТИФИКОВАЊУ ФИНГИРАНИХ САОБРАЋАЈНИХ НЕЗГОДА И ВОЗАЧА У САОБРАЋАЈНИМ НЕЗГОДАМА
Authors: Пијетловић Денис
Published: January 2018

Написати рад на тему ‘’Криминалистичкометодолошкиприступ идентификовању фингираних саобраћајних незгода и возача усаобраћајним незгодама’’, представља веома сложен и захтјеван задатак.Сложен и захтјеван, првенствено из разлога што стручне, или научнелитературе на тему утврђивања идентитета возача у саобраћајнимнезгодама практично нема. У раду ћемо покушати описати, односно радима за циљ да објасни специфичан поступак полицијских службеника наутврђивању идентитета возача у саобраћајним незгодама. Односно, какоби се идентификовао стварни учесник – возач у саобраћајној незгоди,пошто се у оваквим евентуалним ситуацијама ради о ‘’фингирању’’.Подаци World healt organization говоре да деликти у саобраћају, послијератних дејстава односе највише људских жртава и наносе огромнуматеријалну штету. Материјална штета код саобраћајних деликатаје огромна, а лажно пријављивање саобраћајних незгода држави иосигуравајућим кућама доноси веома велике трошкове. Ова чињеницапобуђује интерес органа кривичног гоњења за активно учешће уоткривању ’’фингираних’’ саобраћајних незгода, односно утврђивањуидентитета возача у саобраћајним незгодама. Фингирана саобраћајнанезгода има слиједећа обиљежја: саобраћајне незгоде са већ одређенимучесницима, одређеним мјестом, узроком, током и посљедицама.
ПОЈЕДИНИ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧКИ АСПЕКТИ ЕКОЛОШКИХ ДЕЛИКАТА
Authors: Грумић Синиша
Published: January 2018

Специфичност еколошке проблематике је изразита,нарочито у погледу прикупљања релевантних информација иматеријалних доказа, у вези с чим је нужно ангажовање специјализованихоргана и потреба благовременог предузимања одговарајућихвјештачења. Карактеристике и специфичности еколошких деликатазахтијевају поред специјалистичких знања којима располажу одређенеинституције (институти, инспекцијски органи, стручне службе и др.)и примјену одређених криминалистичких знања и метода у њиховомоткривању и доказивању, јер таквом међусобном сарадњом долази доизражаја знање и стручност, те се испољава већи степен обједињавањакадровског и техничког потенцијала.
Current state of knowledge on Wolbachia infection among Coleoptera: a systematic review
Authors: Kajtoch Lukasz , Kotásková Nela
Published: January 2018

Background. Despite great progress in studies on Wolbachia infection in insects, the knowledge about its relations with beetle species, populations and individuals, and the effects of bacteria on these hosts is still unsatisfactory. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge about Wolbachia occurrence and interactions with Coleopteran hosts. Methods. An intensive search of the available literature resulted in the selection of 81 publications that describe the relevant details about Wolbachia presence among beetles. These publications were then examined with respect to the distribution and taxonomy of infected hosts and diversity of Wolbachia found in beetles. Sequences of Wolbachia genes (16S rDNA, wsp and ftsZ) were used for the phylogenetic analyses. Results. The collected publications revealed that Wolbachia has been confirmed in 197 beetle species and that the estimated average prevalence of this bacteria across beetle species is 38.3% and varies greatly across families and genera (0-88% infected members) and is much lower (c. 13%) in geographic studies. The majority of the examined and infected beetles were from Europe and East Asia. The most intensively studied have been two groups of herbivorous beetles: Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae. Coleoptera harbor Wolbachia belonging to three supergroups: F found in only 3 species, and A and B found in similar numbers of beetles (including some doubly infected); however the latter two were most prevalent in different families. 59% of species with precise data were found to be totally infected. Single infections were found in 69% of species and others were doubly- or multiply-infected. Wolbachia caused numerous effects on its beetle hosts, including selective sweep with host mtDNA (found in 3% of species), cytoplasmic incompatibility (detected in c. 6% of beetles) and other effects related to reproduction or development (like male-killing, possible parthenogenesis or haplodiploidy induction, and egg development). Phylogenetic reconstructions for Wolbachia genes rejected cospeciation between these bacteria and Coleoptera, with minor exceptions found in some Hydraenidae, Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae. In contrast, horizontal transmission of bacteria has been suspected or proven in numerous cases (e.g. among beetles sharing habitats and/or host plants). Discussion. The present knowledge about Wolbachia infection across beetle species and populations is very uneven. Even the basic data about infection status in species and frequency of infected species across genera and families is very superficial, as only c. 0.15% of all beetle species have been tested and/or examined so far. Future studies on Wolbachia diversity in Coleoptera should still be based on the Multi-locus Sequence Typing system and next-generation sequencing technologies will be important for uncovering Wolbachia relations with host evolution and ecology, as well as with other, co-occurring endosymbiotic bacteria.
The Clinical and Hematological changes in Rabbits exposed to Melia azedarach fruits under experimental conditions
Authors: Mahmood AL- Zubaedi Raad
Published: January 2018

The study was conducted on 10 local breed rabbits, of 1-2 years age, of 1- 1.5 kg body weight. They were feed concentrated and green food, and left ad libitum for water, and kept in room of 20- 25 oC. The animals divided into two groups of 5 each. First as treated group received the plant in powder form mixed with the food at a dose rate of 5 g/ animal / day for three weeks , while the second left without exposure as a control group .The main dependent parameters in the study were , clinical parameters ( body temperature , heartbeat , respiratory rate, body weight , in addition to monitor any abnormal signs appear on the animals . While the main hematological parameters were included , RBC count , WBC count , Hb concentration,PCV percentage , Red cell indices , Bleeding time and Clotting time. The body temperature, respiratory rates, heart rate were increased .The body weight decreased .The bleeding time and clotting time were prolonged. The erythrocyte count, Hb concentration, and MCV values were decreased; PCV and MCHC did not showed any significant changes. The MCH increased. The total leucocytes count and the basophiles percentage did not showed any significant changes. The Heterophils and monocytes percentage increased .The lymphocytic and Eosinophil percentage were decreased during the study.
Community Based Essential New Born Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women in the Rural Community of Awabel District, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2013
Authors: Kokebie Teshome , Aychiluhm Mekonen , Alamneh Genet Degu
Published: January 2018

Background; Essential newborn care is important for the proper development and healthy life of a baby. Although 70% of infant deaths occur during the first month of life, the policy-makers and health professionals in developing countries, until recently, gave little attention for the new born care. But, the principles of essential newborn care are simple, requiring no expensive high technology equipment.Objective: the main aim of this study was to assess level of community based essential new born care practices and associated factors among rural women who gave birth in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Awabel District, Amhara, Ethiopia.Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in September and October 20013. Data were collected from randomly selected 570 women by interview. The collected data were entered into computer using Epi-Data version3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Logestic regression was fitted to assess possible associations and the strength of association was measured using odds ratio with 95% CI.Results: the study revealed that the level of Essential New born Care practices was 23.1%. Educational status, (OR=7.02, 95%, CI=2.27,21.74), immediate PNC visit, (OR=3.22,95%CI = 1.18,9.48), advise about Essential New born Care practices during monthly pregnant mothers group meeting (OR=4.77,95%CI=1.11, 19.79) advise about birth preparedness during ANC visits (OR=9.05,95% CI =2.76,29.61) and presence of radio in the household (OR=7.91,95%CI=2.64,23.67) were found to have statistically significant association with essential new born care practices.Conclusion: The study identified low comprehensive practices of essential new born care in the study area. Community oriented promotion of essential new born care practices including women empowerment through education, promotion of suitable IEC materials and emphasizing and providing information and education to all pregnant women is recommended.
Cost effective and ex-situ (Seed Germination) conservation of Cullenia exarillata Robyns.an Endemic and Keystone species in Western Ghats, South India.
Authors: PUSHPARAJ VIVEK RAJ
Published: January 2018

The Western Ghats is a chain of mountains and is one of the 33 recognized ecologically sensitive zones in the world. There are several centres of plant endemism and species richness within the Western Ghats. Cullenia exarillata Robyns is a large evergreen tree in the mid-elevation evergreen forests which is endemic to Western Ghats. This tree acts as a hot bed of activity when in flower and functions as a keystone resource for several species of arboreal mammals, including the endangered primate Lion tailed macaque and Nilgiri langur. A preliminary attempt is carried out to regenerate and restore the populations of C.exarillata. Seed germination studies were performed and seeds were treated using 3 different pre-sowing treatments. Seeds were soaked in Dithane-45 for 5minutes, in cow dung extract for two nights and in gibberillic acid (100 ppm) for 24 hours. Untreated seeds were also used as control. Dithane-45 treatment showed 80% seed germination and the cow dung extract treatment showed 20% seed germination. Dithane-45 treatment promotes speedy seed germination when compared to other treatments. Therefore, pre-sowing treatment with Dithane-45 for 5 minutes was more effective for this plant.
VIRTUAL CIRCUITS THAT MAY BE �PERMANENT� TO MAKE M-BANKING APPLICATION AS A SUCCESS BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR ANALYSING VARIABLE SIZED PACKETS AND FRAMES
Authors: Sharma Bhubneshwar
Published: January 2018

ATM provides functionality that is similar to bothcircuit switchingandpacket switchingnetworks: ATM usesasynchronoustime-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, fixed-sizedpackets(ISO-OSIframes) calledcells.This differs from approaches such as theInternet ProtocolorEthernetthat use variable sized packets and frames. ATM uses aconnection-orientedmodel in which avirtual circuitmust be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins. These virtual circuits may be permanent To make m-banking application a success bandwidth management is an important issue. The increased flexibility and mobility feature of wireless ATM and its bandwidth on demand function is motivating a large number of carriers towards deployment of the WATM networks. But there are certain issues which are required to be addressed in WATM. The issues are cost effective planning of network, location management and handover management
Altitudinal Variation In Some Phytochemical Constituents And Stomatal Traits Of Primula Denticulata
Authors: Bhat Khaleefa , Nawchoo Irshad A. , Ganai Bashir A.
Published: January 2018

Due to extensive medicinal importance and wide distributional range of Primula denticulata Sm., locally known as Doker-neej (Kashmiri) of family Primulaceae, in Kashmir valley, the present investigation was carried out to study the variations in phenology, stomatal traits and content of phytochemicals of the species in relation to altitude. During the present investigation, trends in the stomatal traits which include: stomatal density, length and breadth of guard cells and potential conductance index (PCI) along an altitudinal gradient were analyzed by using standard methods. Samples from different populations with varying altitudes were also subjected to qualitative and quantitative estimation for the presence of various phytochemicals by using various spectrophotometric techniques.It was observed that mean values of the analyzed stomatal traits in the four populations varied significantly (p?0.05) across the populations. Phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, alkaloids and saponins were present in all the sampled populations but their quantity varied significantly across the populations. This assessing of phytochemical content of plants at varying altitudes can help to select elite genotype and reflect the best suited altitude for commercial cultivation of the species as these phytochemicals are considered as the basis for their medicinal activity.
A cross sectional study of patients knowledge and attitude towards the drug-drug interactions in Coimbatore district India
Authors: Madeswaran Arumugam , M Abhijath , B. Achsah R. , T Alka
Published: January 2018

The current objective of this study was to assess the patients knowledge and attitudes toward the drug-drug interactions, a survey instrument included questions about the patients demographic information, familiarity with drug-drug interactions, usage of other system of medicines and the patients comfort level when discussing drug-drug interactions.76% believed that drugs wont produce any interactions with other drugs. 58% of participants indicated that they were taken both allopathic and other system of medicines without the notification of physician. 64% of the respondents were stated that they were not able to communicate with the physician properly. The result of the current study reveals that the patients not having enough knowledge about drug-drug interactions and further indicates that the communication issue is a major factor for the drug-drug interactions. Hence the remedy suggested for reducing the drug-drug interactions are to enhance the time of counseling, and providing seminars, awareness, and programs regarding the need of effective communication and drug-drug interactions information to the overall population.
Reference Interval for Renal Profile parameters in North Indian Population from Rajasthan
Authors: Yadav Dharmveer , Gupta Monika , Mishra Sandhya , Sharma Praveen
Published: January 2018

Objective: Reference intervals are an essential part of laboratory medicine. Current study was planned to evaluate renal parameters in the healthy defined group of individuals which would serve as reference values of renal parameters for the North Indian population from Rajasthan.Design & Methods: Present study was conducted on 2021 apparently healthy individuals of North Indian origin ranging in age from 15-60 years, were selected randomly using defined criteria. Fasting samples were analyzed for Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Sodium, Potassium and Chloride. Data were analyzed for middle 95 percentile (2.5th-97.5th percentile), median and 95% confidence interval using SPSS software package version 10.0.Result: RI for Urea, Creatinine and uric acid were lower in female (16-42mg/dl, 0.6-1.2mg/dl, 2.4-6.8mg/dl) as compared to male (17.00-44.35mg/dl, 0.7-1.5mg/dl, 2.8-7.2mg/dl). There was a progressive increase in urea, uric acid and Creatinine with increase in age. Though no appreciable differences could be observed in respect to most of renal parameters in rural versus urban, a wider range for uric acid was observed in urban population (2.50-7.20mg/dl). Except for Na+, K+ and Cl-, rest of parameters i.e. urea, creatinine, uric acid were higher range in obese as compared to non obese (17-45 Vs 17-44, 0.66-1.5 Vs 0.60-1.40, 2.5-7.4 Vs 2.5-7.0). Uric acid level was also found to be higher in non vegetarian population (2.6-7.5mg/dl).Conclusion: Findings of this study provide sex, age, BMI, habitat and diet specific renal function reference values to be used for North Indian population.
An updated review on transdermal drug delivery systems
Authors: Mali Audumbar Digambar , Bathe Ritesh , Patil Manojkumar
Published: January 2018

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as patches, are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patients skin. In order to deliver therapeutic agents through the human skin for systemic effects, the comprehensive morphological, biophysical and physicochemical properties of the skin are to be considered. Transdermal delivery provides a leading edge over injectables and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism respectively. Transdermal delivery not only provides controlled, constant administration of the drug, but also allows continuous input of drugs with short biological half-lives and eliminates pulsed entry into systemic circulation, which often causes undesirable side effects. The TDDS review articles provide valuable information regarding the transdermal drug delivery systems and its evaluation process details as a ready reference for the research scientist who is involved in TDDS. With the advancement in technology Pharma industries have trendified all its resources. Earlier we use convectional dosage form but now we use novel drug delivery system. One of greatest innovation of novel drug delivery is transdermal patch. The advantage of transdermal drug delivery system is that it is painless technique of administration of drugs.
Design of image processing technique in digital enhancement application
Authors: Sharma Bhubneshwar , Dadwal Jyoti
Published: January 2018

This paper describes the basic technological aspects of Digital Image Processing with special reference to satellite image processing. Basically, all satellite image-processing operations can be grouped into three categories: Image Rectification and Restoration, Enhancement and Information Extraction. The former deals with initial processing of raw image data to correct for geometric distortion, to calibrate the data radio metrically and to eliminate noise present in the data. The enhancement procedures are applied to image data in order to effectively display the data for subsequent visual interpretation. It involves techniques for increasing the visual distinction between features in a scene. The objective of the information extraction operations is to replace visual analysis of the image data with quantitative techniques for automating the identification of features in a scene. This involves the analysis of multispectral image data and the application of statistically based decision rules for determining the land cover identity of each pixel in an image. The intent of classification process is to categorize all pixels in a digital image into one of several land cover classes or themes. This classified data may be used to produce thematic maps of the land cover present in an image.
IT obstacles using cloud computer facility that serves European users referring to access shared computing resources using cloud computing using shared computing resources
Authors: Saini Rajeev , Sharma Bhubneshwar
Published: January 2018

cloud computing is the result of the evolution and adoption of existing technologies and paradigms. The goal of cloud computing is to allow users to take bene?t from all of these technologies, without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise with each one of them. The cloud aims to cut costs, and helps the users focus on their core business instead of being impeded by IT obstacles it is a new era of referring to access shared computing resources. On the other hand, wireless sensor networks have been seen as one of the most essential technologies for the 21st century where distributed spatially connected sensor node automatically forms a network for data transmission and receive among them is popularly known as Sensor Network. For security and easy access of data, cloud computing is widely used in distributed/mobile computing environment. This is possible due to miniaturization of communication technology. Many researchers have cited different types of technology in this context.
Estimation of Levocetirizine in Bulk and Formulation by First Order Derivative Area under Curve UV-Spectrophotometric Methods.
Authors: Mane Pandurang Tukaram
Published: January 2018

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Levocetirizine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in Methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the second order Derivative Area under Curve method values measured at 235-243 nm. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Levocetirizine using 5-25?g/ml (r=0.9994) for first order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method. The proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Levocetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations.
Evaluation of phytoplankton diversity with Physicochemical parameters of Hemmat River, kodinar Gujarat, India
Authors: B Chavada Nikul
Published: January 2018

Plankton refers to plants and animals that drift with the ocean currents and fresh river water .they habitants in the open waters of the sea and fresh river water.Phytoplankton always live near the surface of the sea and fresh water because, they require light for photosynthesis, they play important roll in transformation of water and carbon dioxide in to short chain sugars. The plants in the pelagic zone are exceptionally small, microscopic, and single-celled, buoyantly supported by the density of the surrounding water. Physico-chemical parameters are very important factors that play a significant role in river plankton diversity and fluctuation. We evaluated impact of Abiotic factor on plankton diversity during pre, middle and post winter analysis of Hemmat River.
A semi-symmetric metric connection on an integrated contact metric structure manifold
Authors: Singh Shalini
Published: January 2018

In 1924, A. Friedmann and J. A. Schoten [1] introduced the idea of a semi-symmetric linear connection in a differentiable manifold. Hayden [2] has introduced the idea of metric connection with torsion in a Riemannian manifold. The properties of semi-symmetric metric connection in a Riemannian manifold have been studied by Yano [3] and others [4], [5]. The purpose of the present paper is to study some properties of semi-symmetric metric connection on an integrated contact metric structure manifold [6], several useful algebraic and geometrical properties have been studied.
Measure of Wireless PAN based on the standard IEEE 802.15 of optical wireless communication technologies for the development of bluetooth as important consideration
Authors: Dadwal Jyoti , Sharma Bhubneshwar
Published: January 2018

Development of WCTP was initiated by the Messaging Standards Committee and submitted to the Radio Paging Community. When the first proposal was received, a sub-committee was established to improve the protocol and issue it as a specification. The sub-committee was moved into the PTC (Paging Technical Committee) which is a volunteer committee composed of industry representatives. The PCIA (Personal Communications Industry) accepted the first full release and adopted the protocol as a PCIA standard. The current version is WCTP 1.3.
Impact of ethanolic extract of Mikania glomerata on human breast cancer (MCF 7) cell line
Authors: S. Sarojini , P. Senthilkumaar , V. Ramesh
Published: January 2018

The ethanol extract of Mikania glomerata has anti-proliferative effect on the human breast cancer cell lines. The object of the present work is to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Mikania glomerata ethanolic extract on breast cancer. Soxlet fractions using crude ethanolic extract of Mikania glomerata was prepared by standard extraction protocols. To check the antiproliferative effect of this extract, the extract chosen was tested for cell viability on the breast cancer cells MCF 7 in different concentrations. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay for 24 hour and 48 hours. The LD50 value was calculated and different morphometric assays were performed with the effective dose of the extract. The effect of the extract on the normal cell was evaluated as well. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, Clonogenic survival, Apoptosis and MTT assays were performed. The ethanolic extract showed a dose-dependent and time dependent inhibition on cell proliferation in the breast cancer cell lines. It showed low cytotoxicity in the normal cells and inhibited cellular adhesion and wound healing in treated cancer cells. The present study suggests that the leaf extract from Mikania glomerata induces anticancer effect on the breast cancer cells. Further study might help to confirm it as an anti-cancer drug.
Evaluation of anti-fungal activity of selected medicinal plant seed extracts of India
Authors: V. Sailaja , M. Madhu , V. Neeraja
Published: January 2018

In the present study aqueous, acetone, petroleum ether and chloroform solvents extracts of 6 selected plant seeds (Acacia catechu, Sida cordifolia, Momordica fotida, Albiziz procera, Mesua ferrea and Lantana camare ) are screened for their anti-fungal potential against 4 important fungal species(Candida albicans, Cryptococcus luteotus, Aspergillus niger and Mucor heimalis). Among the six plant seed extracts tested, petroleum ether and acetone extracts showed highest to moderate levels of anti-fungal activity when compared to standard anti-fungal drugs (fluconazole(1mg/ml) and Amphotericin B (150 Units/disc).). The chloroform extracts of Albizia procera seed extract failed to inhibit the growth of Candida and Cryptococcus species. Among the solvent extracts tested, petroleum ether recorded highest significant anti-fungal activity when compared to aqueous, chloroform and acetone extracts.
Record of New Larval Host Plant for Acraea terpsicore (Tawny coster)
Authors: Gideon V. Anand , Rufus K. Cyril , Vivekraj P.
Published: January 2018

Acraea terpiscore L. is commonly known as the Tawny Coster butterfly, it belongs to the Nymphalidae or Brush-footed butterfly family. Its common larval hosts depend on the availability of Turnera subulata. The study has been carried from January to July 2015 in Thammampatti, Salem district in Tamilnadu. A. terpiscore larvae were found in Turnera subulata and Passiflora foetida. From this observation it is evident that host preference is prevalently exhibited in larval feeding of Tawny Coster. On the availability of T. subulata the choice of P. foetida is found meagre. The caterpillars were counted once a week in both the populations during an observation period of six months. T. subulata and P. foetida plants respectively envisaging its host preference of T. subulata over P. foetida. It is reported here for the first time as a new larval host of Tawny Coster.
Halobacterium sp. NRC-1: A Review
Authors: Ameen Ayesha , Mubeen Hira , Raza Shahid
Published: January 2018

Halobacteriumsp. NRC-1 is the halophilic bacterium. This halophile has a great potential to survive on high salinity conditions. The genome of this bacterium has sequenced. The studies have done at metagenomics level, which include the Identification and Molecular Characterization. Identification of this extreme halophile was done by 16S ribotyping and PCR amplification using universal primers FD1 and rP1. The sequences than compared with already sequenced genomes of halophiles. The post genomic tools and microarrays were applied for sequencing. Halobacteriumsp. NRC-1 transcriptional profiling showed that it is highly responsive to the environment and give specific responses at gene expression level. There is a need for extensive research at metaproteomic level. To study the expression and function of proteins, whole protein profiling of this specie need to be studied.
Comparison and evaluation of ambient air quality at different nearby locations of LCL plant, 2014
Authors: Raza Shahid , Ahmad Jalil , Ameen Ayesha
Published: January 2018

The monitoring of ambient air quality is very important to evaluate the effect of running industry on environment. The Lahore compost Pvt. Ltd. has its own composting plant that utilizes tons of municipal solid waste to make organic bio fertilizer. The tons of organic waste are transported to landfill site. This study was designed to check the effect of composting plant on nearby village, nearby roads and LCL site. The evaluated parameters for ambient air quality were PM 10, CO, TSP and VOC. The results were compared and it was concluded from this study that composting plant do not effect nearby locations. The results were according to the WHO standards.
Metaproteomics approaches and techniques: A review
Authors: Ameen Ayesha , Raza Shahid
Published: January 2018

Extensive studies have been done on metagenomics for various microbial communities. The advancements in metagenomics level led to the need of metaproteomics approaches. Metaproteomics involve the identification, function and expression of various proteins present in microbial community, it also involves the identification and expression analysis of stress related proteins. The concepts of metaproteomics come with advancement in proteomics techniques which includes 2D gel electrophoresis for the identification of proteins and peptides in a particular microbial community. Mass spectrometry which is used to separate the proteins by desorption and ionization using a gas on a liquid medium. MALDI use for protein identification and separation, connected with TOF to give better results. The metaproteomics approaches become more advanced when HPLC and LC were used for peptides and protein with computational tools to sequence the peptide and protein. It is concluded that there is a requirement of research in metaproteomics. Many scientists have done research on these approaches but there is lack of better quality and desirable results.
Ledelse av studieprogrammer. Erfaringer og utfordringer
Authors: Grepperud Gunnar , Danielsen Ådne , Holen Frank
Published: January 2018

De siste årene har ledelse av studieprogrammer kommet stadig mer fokus som grunnlag for utvikling og forbedring av studieprogrammer i høyere utdanning. Ikke bare er rollen tillagt større betydning, det er også et klart ønske om å dreie denne rollen og funksjonen mer i retning av pedagogisk utvikling.Med dette som utgangspunkt oppsummeres og drøftes erfaringer med tre modeller for studieprogramledelse ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet: Programstyre med oppnevnt programstyreleder, programstyre med instituttleder som programstyreleder og studieledermodellen. Erfaringene bygger på en kartlegging i regi av Utdanningsavdelingen (UTA) i 2012 som omfatter 43 programstyrer og 21 studieledere. I tillegg ble det i 2014 gjennomført intervjuer av 12 studieledere. En rekke andre kilder er også anvendt for å forsøke å danne oss et mest mulig oppdatert bilde av situasjonen.
Resistance strategies of Phragmites australis (common reed) to Pb pollution in flood and drought conditions
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Jinwei , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Jing , Zhang Zhenhua , Mu Chunsheng
Published: January 2018

Resistance strategies of clonal organs, and parent and offspring shoots of Phragmites australis (common reed) to heavy metal pollution in soils are not well known. To clarify the tolerance or resistance strategies in reeds, we conducted a pot experiment with five levels of Pb concentration (0∼4,500 mg kg−1) in flood and drought conditions. Lead toxicity had no inhibitory effect on the number of offspring shoots in flood environment; however, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic and clonal growth parameters were inhibited in both water environment. At each treatment of Pb concentration, offspring shoots had greater biomass and higher photosynthesis indicators than parent shoots. The lowest Pb allocation was found in rhizomes. More of the Pb transported to above-ground parts tended to accumulate in parent shoots rather than in offspring shoots. Biomass and photosynthesis of offspring shoots, rhizome length, and the number of buds, rhizomes and offspring shoots in the flooded treatment were significantly greater than those in the drought treatment. Our results indicated that the tolerance strategies used by reeds, including higher biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in offspring shoots, low allocation of Pb in rhizomes and offspring shoots, and stable clonal growth, maintained the stability of population propagation and productivity, improving the resistance of reeds to Pb pollution in flood environment. However, the resistance or tolerance was significantly reduced by the synergistic effect of Pb and drought, which significantly inhibited biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, and clonal growth of reeds.
Effect of dark sweet cherry powder consumption on the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and biomarkers of gut health in obese db/db mice
Authors: Garcia-Mazcorro Jose F. , Lage Nara N. , Mertens-Talcott Susanne , Talcott Stephen , Chew Boon , Dowd Scot E. , Kawas Jorge R. , Noratto Giuliana D.
Published: January 2018

Cherries are fruits containing fiber and bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenolics) with the potential of helping patients with diabetes and weight disorders, a phenomenon likely related to changes in the complex host-microbiota milieu. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cherry supplementation on the gut bacterial composition, concentrations of caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and biomarkers of gut health using an in vivo model of obesity. Obese diabetic (db/db) mice received a supplemented diet with 10% cherry powder (supplemented mice, n = 12) for 12 weeks; obese (n = 10) and lean (n = 10) mice served as controls and received a standard diet without cherry. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to analyze the gut microbiota; SCFAs and biomarkers of gut health were also measured using standard techniques. According to 16S sequencing, supplemented mice harbored a distinct colonic microbiota characterized by a higher abundance of mucin-degraders (i.e., Akkermansia) and fiber-degraders (the S24-7 family) as well as lower abundances of Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae. Overall this particular cherry-associated colonic microbiota did not resemble the microbiota in obese or lean controls based on the analysis of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics. qPCR confirmed some of the results observed in sequencing, thus supporting the notion that cherry supplementation can change the colonic microbiota. Moreover, the SCFAs detected in supplemented mice (caproate, methyl butyrate, propionate, acetate and valerate) exceeded those concentrations detected in obese and lean controls except for butyrate. Despite the changes in microbial composition and SCFAs, most of the assessed biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal health in colon tissues and mucosal cells were similar in all obese mice with and without supplementation. This paper shows that dietary supplementation with cherry powder for 12 weeks affects the microbiota and the concentrations of SCFAs in the lower intestinal tract of obese db/db diabetic mice. These effects occurred in absence of differences in most biomarkers of inflammation and other parameters of gut health. Our study prompts more research into the potential clinical implications of cherry consumption as a dietary supplement in diabetic and obese human patients.
A historical legacy of antibiotic utilization on bacterial seed banks in sediments
Authors: Madueño Laura , Paul Christophe , Junier Thomas , Bayrychenko Zhanna , Filippidou Sevasti , Beck Karin , Greub Gilbert , Bürgmann Helmut , Junier Pilar
Published: January 2018

The introduction of antibiotics for both medical and non-medical purposes has had a positive effect on human welfare and agricultural output in the past century. However, there is also an important ecological legacy regarding the use of antibiotics and the consequences of increased levels of these compounds in the environment as a consequence of their use and disposal. This legacy was investigated by quantifying two antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) conferring resistance to tetracycline (tet(W)) and sulfonamide (sul1) in bacterial seed bank DNA in sediments. The industrial introduction of antibiotics caused an abrupt increase in the total abundance of tet(W) and a steady increase in sul1. The abrupt change in tet(W) corresponded to an increase in relative abundance from ca. 1960 that peaked around 1976. This pattern of accumulation was highly correlated with the abundance of specific members of the seed bank community belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. In contrast, the relative abundance of sul1 increased after 1976. This correlated with a taxonomically broad spectrum of bacteria, reflecting sul1 dissemination through horizontal gene transfer. The accumulation patterns of both ARGs correspond broadly to the temporal scale of medical antibiotic use. Our results show that the bacterial seed bank can be used to look back at the historical usage of antibiotics and resistance prevalence.
Circum‐Antarctic Shoreward Heat Transport Derived From an Eddy‐ and Tide‐Resolving Simulation
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Klocker Andreas , Menemenlis Dimitris
Published: January 2018

Almost all heat reaching the bases of Antarctica's ice shelves originates from warm Circumpolar Deep Water in the open Southern Ocean. This study quantifies the roles of mean and transient flows in transporting heat across almost the entire Antarctic continental slope and shelf using an ocean/sea ice model run at eddy‐ and tide‐resolving (1/48°) horizontal resolution. Heat transfer by transient flows is approximately attributed to eddies and tides via a decomposition into time scales shorter than and longer than 1 day, respectively. It is shown that eddies transfer heat across the continental slope (ocean depths greater than 1,500 m), but tides produce a stronger shoreward heat flux across the shelf break (ocean depths between 500 m and 1,000 m). However, the tidal heat fluxes are approximately compensated by mean flows, leaving the eddy heat flux to balance the net shoreward heat transport. The eddy‐driven cross‐slope overturning circulation is too weak to account for the eddy heat flux. This suggests that isopycnal eddy stirring is the principal mechanism of shoreward heat transport around Antarctica, though likely modulated by tides and surface forcing.