bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the validity of a carbohydrate intolerance questionnaire I (LB305)
Authors: O'Connor A , Levers K , Galvan E , Coletta A , Dalton R , Jung YP , Goodenough C , Simbo S , Seesselberg C , Bonin B , Koozehchian M , Sanchez B , Barringer N , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of responses to a carbohydrate intolerance (CI) questionnaire to body composition and markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% body fat, BMI 25.3±4) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI survey, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75g, 2‐h OGTT. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine correlations to CI questions. Being more than 25 lbs overweight correlated with OGTT G90 (r=0.22), G120 (r=0.25), glucose AUMC (r=0.19), age (r=0.43), weight (r=0.57), waist circumference (r=0.66), hip circumference (r=0.59), BMI (r=0.72), fat mass (r=0.60), body fat % (r=0.51), and insomnia (r=0.30). Being overweight throughout their life correlated with OGTT G30 (r=‐0.28), glucose AUC (r=‐0.20), weight (r=0.47), waist (r=0.31) and hip circumference (r=0.49), BMI (r=0.44), BMC (r=0.33), FFM (r=0.31), fat mass (r=0.42), body fat % (r=0.31), and fatigue/exhaustion (r=‐0.21). Being overweight since youth correlated with OGTT G30 (r=‐0.28), G60 (r=‐0.24), G90 (r=‐0.22), glucose AUC (r=‐0.24), weight (r=0.35), waist circumference (r=0.22), hip circumference (r=0.36), BMI (r=0.32), BMC (r=0.32), FFM (r=0.25), fat mass (r=0.30), and body fat % (r=0.22). Poor appetite and skipping meals correlated with the glucose/insulin ratio (r=0.22), height (r=‐0.22), and BMI (r=0.20). Results revealed that CI questions moderately correlated with body composition, health markers, and/or questions related to CI.

Grant Funding Source: Curves International, Inc. (Waco, TX)
Dietary Isomers of Sialyllactose Increase Ganglioside Sialic Acid Concentrations in the Corpus Callosum and Cerebellum of Formula‐fed Piglets (LB320)
Authors: Jacobi Sheila , Li D. , Dasgupta S. , Yu Robert , Berg Brian , Chichlowski Maciej , Odle Jack
Published: June 2021

Sialic acid (SA) is a key component of human milk oligosaccharides and neural tissues. SA accumulates in the brain rapidly during neonatal development and is thought to play an important role in brain development . This study aimed to determine if different isomers of sialyllactose (SL) enrich brain SA of developing neonatal piglets. Day‐old pigs were randomized among 6 diets (control, 2g/L 3’‐SL, 4g/L 3’‐SL, 2g/L 6’‐SL, or 4g/L 6’‐SL, or 2g/L polydextrose + 2g/L galacto‐oligosaccharide; n=9) and fed three times per day for 21 d. Pigs were euthanized and the left hemisphere of the brain was dissected into cerebrum, cerebellum, corpus callosum, and hippocampus regions. Total and lipid‐bound (ganglioside) SA were assayed following extraction with chloroform:methanol (2:1), and free SA was calculated by difference. Protein‐bound SA was measured in the insoluble residue following suspension in PBS containing 1% Triton X‐100. SA was determined using a modified periodic acid‐resorcinol reaction. Dietary SL did not affect feed intake, growth or fecal consistency. Ganglioside‐bound SA in the corpus callosum of pigs fed 2g/L of 3’‐SL (359±16 μg SA/g wet tissue) or 6’‐SL (361±16 μg SA/g) was increased by 15% over control pigs (314±16 μg SA/g; P<0.05). Similarly, ganglioside‐bound SA in the cerebellum of pigs fed 4g/L of 3’‐SL (416±14 μg SA/g) was increased by 10% over control pigs (377±14 μg SA/g; P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of formula with 3’‐ or 6’‐SL can enrich ganglioside SA in the brain of suckling piglets.

Grant Funding Source: Mead Johnson Nutrition
Dietary fat and glucose control in Pregnancy Exercise & Nutrition Feasibility Study participants (LB321)
Authors: Glaize Lucille , Moe Esther , McLain Margaret , Goldberg Linn , Lasarev Michael , Stadler Diane
Published: June 2021

Background: Dietary fat intake influences glucose control during pregnancy.

Methods: Fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) were measured, insulin resistance and sensitivity (HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β, and QUICKI) were calculated and dietary total fat (TF), saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) were estimated each trimester (T1, T2, T3) in 26 women during pregnancy. Relationships between fat intake and glucose control were assessed using canonical correlations (CC).

Results: Compared to sample means, during T1, higher MUFA, PUFA and lower SFA intakes are correlated with higher QUICKI and FI (r=0.72); higher TF, SFA, and MUFA intakes are correlated with higher FG (r=0.67). During T2, higher TF and SF intakes are correlated with higher FG, FI, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β and lower QUICKI (r=0.66). During T3, higher TF, MUFA, and PUFA intakes are correlated with lower FI, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β, and high QUICKI (r=0.65).

Fat Variables
T1 CC1
T1 CC2
T2 CC1
T3 CC1

Correlation between Variables and Canonical Variate

TF
‐0.05
0.98
0.62
0.74

SFA
‐0.43
0.82
0.63
0.12

MUFA
0.35
0.83
0.46
0.77

PUFA
0.24
0.23
0.28
0.46

Glucose Variables

FG
0.06
0.54
0.66
0.01

FI
0.83
0.19
0.56
‐0.25

HOMA‐IR
0.09
0.20
0.59
‐0.24

HOMA‐Î²
0.08
0.15
0.50
‐0.26

QUICKI
0.16
‐0.13
‐0.57
0.36

Fat & Glucose Correlations
0.72
0.67
0.66
0.65

Variable Mean ± SD
T1
T2
T3

TF (%)
37 ± 8
31 ± 6
34 ± 7

SFA (%)
12 ± 4
10 ± 3
11 ± 4

MUFA (%)
13 ± 4
11 ± 3
12 ± 3

PUFA (%)
8 ± 3
7 ± 2
8 ± 3

FG (mg/dl)
84 ± 6.5
81 ± 7.3
79 ± 7.2

FI (ÂµU/mL)
8.2 ± 4.3
9.4 ± 6.4
11.5 ± 5.5

HOMA‐IR
1.7 ± 1.0
1.9 ± 1.5
2.3 ± 1.1

HOMA‐Î²
2.0 ± 1.0
2.4 ± 1.4
3.0 ± 1.3

QUICKI
0.36 ± 0.04
0.36 ± 0.03
0.35 ± 0.03

Conclusion: Although patterns are different at each trimester, these results show that healthier fat intake during pregnancy corresponds with healthier glucose control.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by The OHSU Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness and the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, grant number UL1TR000128 from the NCATS of the NIH.
The effects of sansa extract compound‐22 supplementation on growth indices, diet and picky eating behaviors of thin preschool children (LB323)
Authors: Kim Kijoon , Lee Joonsuk , Shim Jae Eun , Ryu Bongha , Paik Hee Young
Published: June 2021

Thin children may have insufficient intake of energy and nutrients resulting in decreased immune function and faltered growth. This study aimed to identify the effects of Sansa Extract Compound‐22(SEC‐22) supplementation on growth and changes in diet and eating behaviors in thin children. A double blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 79 children aged 2‐5 years with poor appetites and BMI percentile < 25 and without any illness. The experimental group (n=35) was supplemented with SEC‐22 and the placebo group (n=44) was given similar treatment without SEC‐22 for 2 months and observation followed for 2 months after supplementation. Three‐day dietary records, questionnaires on picky eating behaviors, and anthropometric measures were collected. During the intervention, carbohydrate intake and an index of picky eating behavior (Frequency of trying to feed) improved in both groups. This improvement remained at the second month of follow‐up in the SEC‐22 group (p<0.05). There was a greater increase in weight‐for‐age z score (WAZ) compared to baseline in the second month of treatment in the SEC‐22 group (0.091), but not in the placebo group (0.025). Compared to baseline, BMI‐for‐age z score (BAZ) in the second month of treatment and second month of follow‐up increased in SEC‐22 group (0.143, 0.159, respectively), but not in the placebo group (0.058, ‐0.032, respectively). These results suggest that supplementation of SEC‐22 may be effective in increasing the energy intake, WAZ, and BAZ and improving picky eating behaviors of thin children.
Expression of platelet‐activating factor‐receptor potentiates the cytotoxicity of benzyl isothiocyanate in melanoma cells (LB332)
Authors: Sahu Ravi
Published: June 2021

Malignant melanoma is currently the most rapidly growing malignancy with >11,000 estimated annual mortality in the United States. Because melanoma is resistant to chemo and radiotherapies, investigation of novel therapeutic target(s) and approaches are required. Platelet‐activating factor‐receptor (PAF‐R) plays crucial roles in regulating cancer growth. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), present in cruciferous vegetables possess anticarcinogenic properties against various cancers. Since, most elanomas express PAF‐Rs, the present studies investigated efficacy of BITC against melanoma cells expressing or non‐expressing PAF‐R. Studies using novel model systems consisting of murine B16F10 melanoma cells ectopically expressing PAF‐R (B16‐PAFR) or vector control (B16‐MSCV) created by retroviral mediated transduction, demonstrate that BITC dose‐dependently decrease the survival of B16‐PAFR cells substantially compared to B16‐MSCV cells. In contrast, PAF‐R agonist, CPAF induced enhance proliferation of only, B16‐PAFR cells, indicating the importance of PAF‐R in melanoma progression. To determine the mechanism, BITC‐treatments resulted significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in B16‐PAFR cells compared to B16‐MSCV cells, and was blocked by vitamin C. In addition, BITC induced increase apoptosis in B16‐PAFR cells. Importantly, BITC‐induced increase cell death, ROS and apoptosis in B16‐PAFR cells were blocked by vitamin C and PAF‐R antagonist. Moreover, BITC significantly suppressed the growth of B16‐PAFR melanoma xenografts in NOD‐SCID mice via inducing apoptosis. Finally, BITC significantly decreased the survival of PAF‐R positive human melanoma cells compared to PAF‐R negative cells. These studies indicate that BITC could be used as a novel chemopreventive agent against PAF‐R expressing melanoma cells.

Grant Funding Source: AICR 09A062, ACSIRG 4185607, Showalter Research Trust Fund 4485602
Alcohol intake and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort (LB334)
Authors: Park Song‐Yi , Wilkens Lynne , Henderson Brian , Le Marchand Loic
Published: June 2021

To investigate the association of alcohol intake with colorectal cancer risk, we prospectively analyzed data from 168,325 participants who entered the Multiethnic Cohort between 1993 and 1996. During a mean follow‐up period of 14.8 years, a total of 4,088 incident cases (2,215 men and 1,873 women) were identified. In multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer both in men (relative risk (RR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99‐1.32, 20‐40 g/d vs. 0 g/d; RR=1.28, 95% CI=1.10‐1.49, 蠅40 g/d) and women (RR=1.20, 95% CI=0.99‐1.45, 蠅20 g/d). Among men with the highest intake of folate from food and supplements (蠅592 µg/d), alcohol was not associated with risk (RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.67‐1.17, 蠅40 g/d), while an increased risk was observed in those with lower folate intake (for 319‐592 µg/d, RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.03‐1.67; for <319 µg/d, RR=1.68, 95% CI=1.29‐2.17, P for interaction=0.033). No interaction was suggested between folate and alcohol intake among women. There was also no evidence for ethnic differences in the alcohol‐colorectal cancer association. These findings confirm that alcohol drinking increases the risk of colorectal cancer both in men and women, and suggest that an adequate intake of folate protects against the increased risk of colorectal cancer associated with alcohol consumption in men.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH UM1CA164973
Effect of bitter melon on blood glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats (LB335)
Authors: Kim Myung‐Wha , Han Hye Kyoung , Hwang EunJung
Published: June 2021

This study was designed to examine the effects of bitter melon (BM) on the plasma blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague‐Dawley rats through an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a 0.01 M citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague‐Dawley rats were then fed for four weeks, with the experimental groups receiving a modified diet containing 5% or 10% powder derived from BM. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups, consisting of the normal control group, STZ‐control group and diabetic fed with BM 5% & 10% treated groups. The blood glucose was significantly decreased in the 5% & 10% BM of the diabetic group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver showed not changes in diabetic experimental groups. These results indicate that the supplementation of BM may have a favorable influence on reducing the blood glucose level in STZ‐induced diabetic rats.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by 2013 Research Fund of Duksung Women’s University
The presence of rs9939609 of FTO and rs17782313 of MC4R may not be associated with obesity, elevated glucose or altered lipid profile in school children of Queretaro: preliminary analysis (LB336)
Authors: Flores Karla , Garcia Olga , Caamaño María del Carmen , Ronquillo Dolores , Martínez Guadalupe , Rosado Jorge , Solis‐S Juan
Published: June 2021

The presence of FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity and alterations in the lipids profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between these FTO and MC4R SNPs with the presence of overweight/obesity and metabolic risk in children. A total of 167 school‐aged children (8 ± 1.5 years) from a rural area of 舃舃Queretaro, Mexico, have been evaluated until now. Weight, height, waist circumference and body composition (DXA) were measured. A fasting blood sample was taken for the analysis of glucose and lipid profile. Genotypic frequency of the SNPs was determined using qPCR. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was 12% and 17%, respectively. FTO genotypic frequency for TT, TA and AA was77%, 22% and 1%; the frequency of T and A alleles was 87% and 13%, respectively. As for MC4R, genotypic frequency for TT, TC and CC was 86.3%, 13% and 0.7%; the frequency of T and C alleles was 93% and 7%, respectively. Preliminary results show no relation between the presence of these SNPs and overweight/obesity or with an increased metabolic risk.
Association between intake of fish and shellfish and omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in middle‐aged female with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (LB343)
Authors: Park Seokyung , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Soyeon , Jang Won , Kim Hyesook , Choi Young Ju , Huh Kap Bum , Chang Namsoo
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to examine the association between intake of fish and shellfish and n‐3 fatty acids and CVD risk factors in 356 middle‐aged (40‐64 years) female with T2D. Dietary food intake was assessed by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire method. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum triglyceride level was negatively and HDL‐cholesterol positively associated with fish and shellfish and n‐3 fatty acids intake after adjusting for age and BMI. Right pulse wave velocity, atherogenic index and diastolic blood pressure were negatively associated with n‐3 fatty acids intake. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertriglyceridemia was lower in the 4th quartile compared to the 1st quartile of fish and shellfish intake (OR=0.474;95% CI=0.243‐0.924) and n‐3 fatty acids intake (OR=0.477;95% CI=0.242‐0.943). The OR for hypoalphalipoproteinemia was lower in the 4th quartile compared to the 1st quartile of fish and shellfish intake (OR=0.530;95% CI=0.289‐0.972) and n‐3 fatty acids intake (OR=0.468;95% CI=0.255‐0.861). These results suggest that intake of fish and shellfish and n‐3 fatty acids is associated with decreased CVD risk in middle‐aged female patients with T2D.

Grant Funding Source: This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF‐2013R1A1A2011544) and Brain Korea 21 Plus.
The relationship between dietary ω‐3 and ω‐6 intake and colorectal cancer (LB350)
Authors: Kunihiro Andrew , Wang Long , Reiboldt Wendy , Devine Wendy
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate any relationship between dietary ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acid intake and the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and systematic inflammation, as measured by the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) in a cohort of American men and women from various ethnic backgrounds. The CRC is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths and the second most expensive in the United States. Low screening compliance predisposes a large portion of those at‐risk to poor outcomes. Identification of screening markers and primary interventions is therefore of utmost importance. The GPS is a validated predictor of cancer survivability that reflects systemic inflammation. Dietary ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acid intake has been shown to modulate systemic inflammation. Men and women of various ethnic backgrounds from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999‐2010, were eligible for inclusion. Self‐reported dietary ω‐3 and ω‐6 intakes were used to determine the cross‐sectional relationship with CRC, using multiple logistic regression, or the GPS, using the chi‐square statistic. For those 20 to less than 50 years old (n=16,163) the relationship with CRC (n=11) for ω‐3 intake was negative (OR:0.604, p=0.022, 95% CI: 0.392, 0.931); ω‐6 intake was positive, (OR:1.074, p=0.023, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.143); and the ω‐3:ω‐6 ratio was negative, (OR: 0.016, p=0.027, 95% CI:<0.001, 0.616); after multivariate adjustment. The GPS was also found to be significantly related to both ω‐3, χ2 (6) = 36.97 (p < .0001), and ω‐6 fatty acid intake, χ2 (6) = 35.94, (p <.0001), for those 50 years and older (n=15,178) and to ω‐3, χ2 (6) = 21.72,(p = .0014) and ω‐6, χ2 (6) = 41.14, (p <.0001) for those younger than 50. These findings support previous findings of a relationship between ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acids and cancer, although their effects may differ based on age, suggesting that intake levels of these fatty acids might be of more value as an indicator of risk for CRC in people younger than 50. In addition, this appears to be the first report of a relationship between ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acids and the GPS.
Effects of the lemon detox program on body fat reduction and detoxification in Korean overweight women (LB354)
Authors: Kim Jung Hee , Na Hye Bog , Kim Mi Joung
Published: June 2021

This study was investigated the effects of lemon detox program on body fat reduction and detoxification in Korean overweight women. Eighty four premenopausal women were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group without diet restriction (Normal‐C), pair‐fed diet group that were provided placebo juice with calorie restriction similar as lemon detox group but no containing lemon juice (Positive‐C), lemon detox diet group (Lemon‐D). Total clinical trial periods were 11 days including 7 days for the abstinence period that were permitted to consume only the lemon detox juice for Lemon‐D group or placebo juice for Positive‐C group and 4 days of the transition period to food. All subjects were examined anthropometric and biochemical indices before and after clinical trial. Body weight, BMI, % body fat, waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference were decreased in all three groups. However the changes of body weight, BMI, % body fat, and WHR of Lemon‐D or Positive‐C groups were significantly higher than those of Normal‐C group. Especially, the decline degree of trunk/total fat ratio was significantly higher in Lemon‐D group than in Normal‐C. The concentrations of serum leptin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, and adiponectin were significantly decreased while serum homocysteine level was elevated by trials in Lemon‐D or Positive‐C groups. Serum high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) level was reduced by only Lemon‐D trial. In conclusion, the lemon detox program showed a significant body fat reduction by calorie restriction and also seem to have some detoxic effects related to decreased levels of serum adipokines like hs‐CRP. However further study is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism for detoxification of lemon detox program

Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by a research grant from Cencorp Korea Co.
Microbial Isolates a Potential Prophylactic for Preventing Foodborne Illness (LB356)
Authors: Morales Nathanael , Jacoby Brandon , Geiger Alyssa , Geiger Stefanie , Thummel Alysse , Musashi Megan , Lorenz Todd
Published: June 2021

Bacteria of the genus Bacillus are a diverse group; several species within the genus are of interest due to their implications for public health and disease. For example, Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax while Bacillus cereus, a close genetic relative, and Bacillus pumilus are both species that have been implicated in food poisoning. Phage therapy has shown promise in many areas of public health including prevention of diseases associated with food poisoning. Recently the use of phage to prevent Listeria monocytogenes infection has been approved for use on deli meats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate bacteriophages capable of infecting B. pumilus and B. cereus in order to be used as potential prophylactics for preventing food‐related illness and or anthrax. A single phage capable of infecting B. pumilus was isolated from soil taken from the University of La Verne campus. Several more phage are currently being purified. Based on imaging and plaque morphology data the isolated phage is most likely a member of the Siphoviridae family and undergoes a lytic life cycle within B. pumilus. The host range for this particular virion appears small as tests on other members within the genus suggest it is only capable of infecting B. pumilus cells. Currently, phage for B. cereus are in the process of being purified.
Alterations in serum bone biomarkers, blood hematology, and cytokine activity by IL‐10 after radiation and wound trauma. (LB36)
Authors: Swift Joshua , Smith Joan , Kiang Juliann
Published: June 2021

We have previously demonstrated that non‐lethal, high dose of ionizing radiation when combined with another trauma (i.e. non‐lethal skin wounding), accelerates and prolongs radiation‐induced bone loss for at least 120 days post‐exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, to mitigate or prevent negative effects of radiation and/or radiation combined with skin wounding (combined injury; CI) on biomarkers of bone metabolism, hematology, and cytokine activity. To determine the efficacy of IL‐10 treatment on serum parameters of bone metabolism and hematology after radiation injury (RI), wounding (W), and CI (R+W),16‐week‐old B6D2F1/J female mice were exposed to a sub‐lethal dose of 8 Gy γ radiation followed by skin wounding (W and CI groups only; 15‐20% total body skin surface area), and administered either IL‐10 (15 ng/d, s.c.) or an equal volume of sterile saline (VEH; 0.2 mL) 3x/week. Serum biomarkers were assessed 7 and 30 days after insults and compared to sham controls. RI reduced RBCs, WBCs, lymphocytes, and leukocytes after 7 and 30 days. CI exacerbated these reductions, which changes were mitigated with IL‐10 treatment. RI and CI significantly reduced osteoprotogerin (OPG) and increased tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b; biomarker of osteoclast number) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL). IL‐10 treatment inhibited reductions in OPG (RANKL antagonist), and increases in TRAP5b and RANKL (key to osteoclast differentiation and activation), resulting in reduced RANKL/OPG ratio. IL‐10 treatment after RI and CI attenuated increases in pro‐inflammatory cytokines that promote osteoclastogenesis (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐9, IL‐17, TNF‐α) and elevated anti‐inflammatory cytokines that inhibit osteoclastogenesis (IL‐3, IL‐10, IL‐13, IFN‐γ). These data demonstrate the beneficial effects of IL‐10 treatment on biomarkers of bone metabolism and inflammation after radiation injury and blast trauma, potentially mitigating the negative effects of these injuries on long‐term skeletal health. Furthermore, it appears that IL‐10 may exhibit this response through an inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and RANKL activation, ultimately mitigating osteoclast activation.
2 month of 1% Rubus coreanus vinegar drink reduces body weight and adipocyte size in dietary induced obesity rats (LB361)
Authors: Cheong So Ra , Baek Seong Yeol , Yeo Soo‐Hwan , Lee Choong Hwan , Park Yoo Kyoung
Published: June 2021

The study aimed to investigate the effects of Rubus coreanus (RC) vinegar supplementation on anti‐obesity in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity rat. The RC vinegar was processed starting with 25°Brix of sugar concentration and was alcohol fermented at temperature of 30℃ for 10 days. The conditions for the acetic acid fermentation were 14 days of stationary fermentation at 30℃, with 6% alcohol. A total 52 4‐wk old male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a normal chow diet or a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity and then were randomized into normal control group (NC), HFD + distilled water group (OB‐DW), HFD + 1% Acetic acid group (OB‐AA) for control, HFD + 1% RC vinegar group (OB‐RC), HFD + 15mg/d caffeine group (OB‐CAF). After 2 months, body weights, organ and fat weights, adipocyte size were analyzed. OB‐CAF rats showed most decreased body weight about 15% and OB‐AA and OB‐RC also showed decreased body weight about 6% compared to the obese rats. The adipocyte size were decreased in OB rats treated with vinegar, AA and CAF than those of OB‐DW rats. Further studies are needed to assess the health benefit of drinking vinegar. This work was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ009826)” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
Refinement of tools used to determine outcome of nutrient therapy for seizures (LB367)
Authors: Allen Hannah , Borum Peggy
Published: June 2021

Background: Seizure Number and Medication Number currently used to evaluate the outcome of therapies for patients with seizures are often in conflict with caregivers’ description of their children’s progress. Caregivers’ verbal history incorporates seizure severity, type, length, and other variables in addition to seizure number and medication dosage in addition to medication number.

Objective: Refine and compare to currently used methods Seizure Load and Medication Load, which incorporate the above additional characteristics.

Methods: Medication Number and Seizure Number are calculated from daily records. Daily seizure records with number and characteristics are used to calculate Seizure Load. Minimum recommended dosage is obtained for each medication and is divided by the prescribed dosage to calculate daily Medication Load. Response during therapy is the percent change from baseline. Seizure Load Response was compared to Seizure Number Response and Medication Load Response was compared to Medication Number Response.

Results: Seizure monitoring tools and medication monitoring tools were compared using 2912 seizures in 1319 seizure days and 17642 medications in 7404 medication days in patients receiving Ketogenic Therapy. Therapy effects detected using Seizure Load Response and Medication Load Response was often not detected with Seizure Number Response and Medication Number Response respectively. Seizure Load Response and Medication Load Response can indicate better therapy effect, worse therapy effect, or no effect when Seizure Number Response and Medication Number Response show no change.

Conclusion: Seizure Load Response and Medication Load Response are useful tools to determine outcome of therapy that requires monitoring seizures and medications.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the NIH/NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Award to the University of Florida UL1 TR000064
Antiadipogenic Effect of Green Coffee Bean Extract (LB368)
Authors: Marko Melissa
Published: June 2021

Obesity, the accumulation of excess fat or adipose resulting in increased health problems and decreased life span, is a serious problem worldwide. Prevention of adipogenesis is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity. Extracts of unroasted coffee beans or green coffee bean extract (GCBE) have recently been shown in small clinical trials to decrease weight in overweight individuals, however the mechanism of its effects are unclear. We evaluated the effect of GCBE on the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes by analyzing the stages of differentiation and lipid accumulation. In preliminary results, we have found that GCBE inhibits 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation as measured by Oil Red O staining without cytotoxic effects using the Alamar Blue viability assay. Importantly, this inhibition by GCBE occurred when treatment was given on the first day of adipogenesis induction and was enough to slow the differentiation process, indicating that GCBE may exert its effect at the onset of the adipogenic program, which we plan to further investigate.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Evelyn C.F. Ma Memorial Research Fund and The University of the Sciences Department of Biological Sciences.
Butyryl‐CoA transferase DNA abundance is not correlated with butyrate production of the intestinal microbial community in piglets with short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) (LB370)
Authors: Loman Brett , Barnes Jennifer , Tappenden Kelly
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between microbial composition, gene abundance, and corresponding short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in piglets with SBS fed pre‐ and/or probiotics. We hypothesized that prebiotic consumption would increase the abundance of butyrogenic bactria, butyryl‐CoA transferase DNA (BCoAT), and butyrate concentration while attenuating acetogens, acetyl‐CoA synthase DNA (ACS), and acetate concentration. Neonatal piglets (n=70) underwent 80% jejunoileal resection and placement of a jugular catheter. Piglets received 80% parenteral and 20% enteral nutrition (EN) for 1, 3, or 7 days (d). Control piglets (CON) received unsupplemented EN, prebiotic (PRE) 10 g short‐chain fructooligosaccharides/L EN (scFOS), probiotic (PRO) 1E9 CFU LGG, and synbiotic (SYN) scFOS + LGG. BCoAT was increased by PRE on ileal mucosa at 7d and by PRO in ileal lumen at 3d and 7d (p=0.05). PRE increased butyrate concentration vs CON independent of time (p=0.05). However, BCoAT abundance was not correlated with butyrate concentration. ACS and acetate concentration were neither impacted by treatments nor correlated with each other. This demonstrates that SCFA production may not be regulated simply by gene abundance in the microbial community, thus regulation at the level of mRNA or metabolic activity needs study.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
A Gorilla's adult head skeleton: seriated CT‐scan and reconstructions (LB4)
Authors: LE FLOCH‐PRIGENT Patrice , Verdeille Stéphane , Gillot Jean‐Bernard
Published: June 2021

One osseous head of a gorilla (tied cranium and mandible) was CT‐scanned every 1 mm in the frontal plane. The osseous head was 28,4 cm long. The adulte male specimen was probably prepared late in the 19th century. The CT‐scan was a Siemens Somatom definition AS one with 64 bars. The acquisition was performed with an helicoidal mode, then reconstructions of the cross‐sections were obtained in the horizontal (orbito‐meatal = Frankfurt’s plane) : 259 ; frontal : 364 and sagittal planes : 212. External view under several incidences : 14 were also reconstructed. The two pieces were tied by a vegetal rope allowing an aperture of 30 degrees. The teeth were tied at their collar by a thin string. Each tooth was entire and present in its place. The anatomical, topographical and architectural data were very numerous. We acknowledge Mrs Domenica Scalisi and Mr Alain Piffault.
Effect of silicon supplementation on bone status in ovariectomized rats fed with different calcium intakes (LB404)
Authors: Choi Mi‐Kyeong , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Kim Eun‐Jin , Kim Mi‐Hyun , Jung Ji‐Youn , Kang Myunghwa
Published: June 2021

Several studies have reported that silicon (Si) supplementation improved bone mineral density in female OVX rats. However, how dietary Si affects bone status at the different calcium (Ca) intake levels is not well investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Si supplementation on bone status in ovariectomized rats fed with different Ca intakes. Eighty (72 ovariectomized, 8 sham operated) 8‐wk‐old Sprague‐Dawley female rats were divided into 10 groups (control, 3×3 factorial design) and fed diets with different intake levels of Ca (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.5% of diet) and Si (0.0005, 0.025, 0.075% of diet) for 15 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake and weight gain among the experimental groups. Serum ALP and IL‐1β were decreased according to increment of the Ca intake. However, the Si supplementation did not affect the serum levels of ALP, osteocalcin, CTx, and IL‐1β. The bone mineral density of the spine and femur in ovariectomized groups was significantly lower than that of the sham control group and highest in the adequate Ca group. The bone mineral density of the spine was the highest in the 0.025% Si‐supplemented group with adequate Ca intake. These results indicate that the effects of Si supplementation on bone status might differ according to the Ca intake levels in ovariectomized rats.

Grant Funding Source: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2011‐0010880]
Allium senescens L. Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Lipid Accumulation During Differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells (LB408)
Authors: Kim Gun‐Hee , Choi Hye‐Young , Park Hee‐Sook
Published: June 2021

Allium vegetables are rich in flavonols and organosulfur compounds, which have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, prevention of cardiovascular system and tumor inhibitory properties. In Allium vegetables, however, only a few studies have been reported whether the effect on lipid accumulation is involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Thus, Allium senescens L., one of the Allium vegetables, was used to show the effects of ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells. Our results indicated that DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of Allium senescens L. increased in a dose depnedent manner. The effects of Allium senescens L. on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells were evaluated by examining ROS‐regulating genes and adipogenic trascription factors at the molecular level. Allium senescens L. inhibited ROS production 21.47% at 100 μg/mL and decreased intracellular lipid accumulation by 46.17% at 100μg/mL during adipogenesis. Allium senescens L. inhibited the mRNA expression of pro‐oxidant enzymes, such as glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and leads to a reduction in the mRNA levels of the transcription factors, sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP1c), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ, and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding proteins (C/EBP) α. This strudy showed that Allium senescens L. inhibited ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulating genes and adipogenic trascription factors in adipocytes. It represented that anti‐adipogenic properties of Allium senescensL. by inhibition of adipogenic gene expression mediated by ROS suppression through ROS‐related gene regulation. Thus, Allium senescens L. has potent natural antioxidant with anti‐adipogenic properties and provides useful data in the development of a potent anti‐obesity agent.

Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(KNF‐2009‐0094017).
Label‐free imaging of the regenerating human periodontal ligament and gingival tissue using second harmonic generation confocal microscopy (LB41)
Authors: Cerutis D. Roselyn , Nichols Michael , Jenzer Andrew , Khan Shakeel , McVaney Timothy , Miyamoto Takanari , Kaldahl Wayne
Published: June 2021

Surgical treatment interventions for treating periodontal disease all disrupt the collagenous structures (gingiva and periodontal ligament) that form the soft‐tissue supporting structures of teeth. We hypothesized that using the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique would enable detection of changes in the appearance, fibril density, and fibril organizational structure of the human periodontal ligament and gingiva during the regenerative process taking place following periodontal surgery. De‐identified archival unstained,de‐paraffinized histological sections (4μM) of teeth with surrounding hard and soft tissues (from normal or various stages of post‐surgical regenerating periodontal structures) were used. It was found that SHG clearly showed the normal organization and the subsequent changes in the collagen fibrils in normal vs.regenerating periodontal soft tissues. This multidisciplinary study shows that SHG can be effectively used to study the organization of collagen in the normal and regenerating periodontal ligament and surrounding gingival tissue. SHG could constitute a potentially useful technique for determining the efficacy of periodontal regenerative strategies, and for assessing / studying peri‐implantitis using punch biopsies.

Grant Funding Source: INBRE/BRIN P20GM103427
Berry bioactive phenolics reduce DPP‐IV expression and increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in vitro (LB412)
Authors: Johnson Michelle , DE MEJIA ELVIRA
Published: June 2021

Berries are a rich source of bioactive phenolic compounds that are able to bind and inhibit the enzyme DPP‐IV, a current target for type‐2 diabetes therapy. The objective was to screen berry phenolic bioactive compounds to decrease DPP‐IV activity in vitro and determine the potential mechanism of action to increase insulin secretion. Blueberry extract reduced DPP‐IV activity in Caco‐2 cells by 31% after 8 h. Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in DPP‐IV protein expression of 78% ± 0.1 (p < 0.05) by this blueberry extract and of 44% ± 2.8 (p < 0.05) by anthocyanin (ANC) extracts from fermented blueberry‐blackberry beverages. ANC at 50 µM cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalents were also able to increase glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic iNS‐1E cells by 233 and 100 µIU insulin/mL directly and after epithelial transport, respectively. ANCs up‐regulated gene expression of incretin hormone GLP‐1 (fold‐change 2.4 ± 0.3), and genes in the insulin secretory pathway including iGF1R (1.6 ± 0.4), iGFBP1 (1.5 ± 0.2), iRS2 (1.4 ± 0.3) and iNS2 (1.3 ± 0.4). Also, PTP1B gene expression was down‐regulated (‐1.8 ± 0.1), a potential therapeutic target of type‐2 diabetes. In conclusion, bioactive compounds from berries have potential to reduce onset and progression of type‐2 diabetes through increased insulin secretion due to reduced DPP‐IV expression and up‐regulated insulin‐receptor associated proteins.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Vision 20/20
A calcium‐collagen chelate dietary supplement prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (LB421)
Authors: Arjmandi Bahram , Elam Marcus , Johnson Sarah , Hooshmand Shirin , Gu Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Menopause leads to an increased risk for osteoporosis in women. Although drug therapies exist, increasing numbers of people prefer natural therapies such as dietary supplements, e.g. calcium, vitamin D, and collagen, for the treatment of osteoporosis. We have previously shown that a three‐month intervention using a calcium‐collagen chelate dietary supplement (CC) was efficacious in improving bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing markers of bone turnover in osteopenic postmenopausal women. The present study reports the long‐term efficacy of CC in reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Thirty‐nine women were randomly assigned to receive either 5 g of CC containing 500 mg of elemental calcium in the form of calcium carbonate and 200 IU vitamin D (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3) or 500 mg of calcium and 200 IU vitamin D (control). Total body BMD and BMD of the lumbar spine and hip were evaluated at baseline, six and twelve months using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Blood was collected at baseline, six and twelve months to assess serum biomarkers of bone turnover using enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay methods. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA pairwise comparisons as well as multivariate analysis to assess time and group interactions. CC prevented the loss of whole body BMD (CC: ‐0.004 vs. control: ‐0.011; P < 0.05) at twelve months when compared to control. The CC group had reduced levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP5b) (P < 0.05) at six months and higher bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP)/TRAP5b concentrations (P < 0.05) at six and tended (P < 1.0) to be higher at twelve months whereas there were no changes in control. Sclerostin levels tended (P < 1.0) to be lower at six months in the CC group whereas there were no changes in control. These results support use of CC in attenuating the loss of bone mass in osteopenic postmenopausal women.

Grant Funding Source: AIDP, Inc.
A high isoflavone diet does not change glucose tolerance, body weight, or body fat accumulation in Wistar rats (LB424)
Authors: Stallings Michael , Hart Christopher , Cardon Brandon , Brunson Scott , Hancock Chad
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with increased risk of developing insulin resistance, inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. The accumulation of fat can be influenced by a variety of factors, including diet and activity. There is evidence that soy isoflavones may prevent fat gain by increasing thermogenesis. We hypothesized that rats fed a high isoflavone (HIF) diet would have decreased fat accumulation and improved basal glucose tolerance compared to animals fed a low isoflavone (LIF) control diet. Male Wistar rats were fed a low isoflavone control diet (LIF) diet for 72 days. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed, and body fat percentage was determined via Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). There were no differences in body weight (p=0.125), body fat percentage (p=0.218), fat pad weight as a percentage of body weight, or glucose tolerance area under the curve (AUC) (p=0.401). These findings suggest that the effects of an HIF diet may be strain‐dependent. Moreover, a metabolic challenge such as a high fat diet may be necessary to see differences in fat accumulation that has been reported in other rat strains.
Comparison of measured basal metabolic rate and estimated basal metabolic rate calculated from body weight or lean body mass among lean young Japanese women (LB429)
Authors: Watanabe Yuka , Fujii Hisao
Published: June 2021

[Introduction]In Japan, it is considered as a big problem that more than 20% of women in their 20s have a body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 and fall into “lean.” In day‐to‐day scenes of nutritional management in Japan, basal metabolic rate (BMR) is indispensable to estimate energy requirements. However, calculation of dietary reference intakes for Japanese (Japan‐DRI) utilizing body weight (BW) is considered to cause estimate errors among lean persons. Previous studies have shown that lean body mass (LBM) are the most important factors among body compositions to determine BMR of lean young Japanese women.

[Objective]The objective of this study was to compare Measured BMR with estimated BMR calculated from BW or LBM among lean young Japanese women.

[Methods]Measured BMR was measured using the IHC in lean young Japanese women (n=19, 20.5±1.3years, BMI17.7±0.8 kg/m2). Estimated BMR was calculated using predicted equation based on BW (A: Japan‐DIR) or LBM (B: NIHN, C: Taguchi et al.) [Results and Conclusion]Measured BMR was significantly higher than all estimates. In addition, the regression line of B approximated the gradient where measured BMR coincides with estimated BMR. (A: r = 0.621, p < 0.001, y = 0.80x + 362; B: r = 0.680, p < 0.05, y = 1.01x + 35; C: r = 0.678, p < 0.001, y = 0.677x + 462). In conclusion, it was suggested that LBM are more useful than BW to estimate BMR of lean young Japanese women.
Swimming training restores the cardiac microRNA‐1, and ‐214 levels and cardiac contractility in rat after myocardial infarction (LB43)
Authors: Melo stéphano , Neves vander José , Fernandes Tiago , Oliveira Edilamar
Published: June 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy and ﬁbrosis related to ventricular compliance reduction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding single stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. The miRNA‐1, which target NCX and ‐214, which target Serca2a are involved in cardiac contractily. This study assessed the effects of swimming training (ST) on the cardiac miRNAs‐1 and ‐214 levels and ventricular function after MI. Male Wistar rats (n=6/group) were randomized into four groups: Control (CO), Training (TR), Control Infarcted (CI) Training Infarcted (TI). ST consisted of 60 min/days/5 days/week/10 week with 3% body overload began four weeks after the MI. Echocardiography was performed before and after the ST. MiRNAs analysis was performed by real‐time PCR in the Remote Myocardium (RM). The VO2max increased 38%in the TR compared with CO group and increased 14% in the TI compared with CI group. TI group decreased 15% the E/A ratio compared with CI group, showing improved ventricular compliance. Also, ST restored the cardiac shortening fraction in the TI group compared with CO group. MiRNA‐1 and ‐214 expression, respectively, were decreased (52%) and increased (54%) in the CI compared to the CO . However, ST increased (49%) and decreased (29%), respectively, the MiRNA‐1 and ‐214 expression in the TI compared to the CO . In this way, NCX and Serca2a were respectively decreased (36%) and increased (48%) in the TI compared to the CI. These results show that ST restored cardiac miRNA‐1 and ‐214 expression, which can be associate to the improved ventricular function, suggesting a mechanism for its potential therapeutic application in heart diseases.

Grant Funding Source: Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo ‐ FAPESP