bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 through anion exchange between CaCO3 and NaOH: effect of reaction temperature
Authors: Simoni Marco , Hanein Theodore , Woo Chun Long , Nyberg Magnus , Tyrer Mark , Provis John L. , Kinoshita Hajime
Published: November 2022

The chemical decarbonisation of CaCO3 was successfully tested in a range of mild temperatures simulating those oscillations occurring within processes, and the kinetic parameters were gained.
Research advances in UV-curable self-healing coatings
Authors: Guo Zhen
Published: November 2022

Self-healing is the ability of a material to recover from physical damage.
Preparation of carbon black/silicone rubber composites with large-area-homogeneous-low electrical-resistance used as electroplating matrix
Authors: Dou Yanli , Sun Shixiang , Lu Shanshan , Yao Weiguo , Guan Dongbo
Published: November 2022

Carbon black/silicone rubber composites with large-area-homogeneous-low electrical-resistance used as electroplating matrix and its fine electro-deposited Ni layer.
Synergistic effect of PtNi alloy loading on TiB2 to construct SMSI catalysing formic acid dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhu Hongliang , Wong Roong Jien , Du Xiangbowen , Du Leilei , Jin Zhikang , Qian KaiCheng , Song Junjie , Li Renhong , Liu Wen
Published: November 2022

In this study, we report the synthesis of PtNi alloys loaded on TiB2 by incipient wetness impregnation. Such a design simultaneously harnesses the effects of alloy synergism as well as SMSI to further promote FA dehydrogenation in aqueous media.
Performance study of a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle coupled with a compressed CO2 energy storage system for waste heat recovery of ship gas turbines under variable load conditions
Authors: Guo Jing , Du Jun , Li Menghan , Zhang Zongnan
Published: November 2022

A novel waste heat recovery system with a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, transcritical CO2 Brayton cycle, compressed CO2 energy storage, and thermal storage system for gas turbine variable load conditions.
Correction: Quantifying the trade-off between stiffness and permeability in hydrogels
Authors: Gao Yiwei , Cho H. Jeremy
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Quantifying the trade-off between stiffness and permeability in hydrogels’ by Yiwei Gao et al., Soft Matter, 2022, 18, 7735–7740, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SM01215D.
Tuning the Co/Fe ratio in BaCoxFe0.8−xZr0.1Y0.1O3−δ, a promising triple ionic and electronic conducting oxide, to boost electrolysis and fuel cell performance
Authors: Shin Yewon , Kim You-dong , Sanders Michael , Harvey Steven P. , Walker Michael , O'Hayre Ryan
Published: November 2022

A BaCo0.7Fe0.1Zr0.1Y0.1O3−δ (BCFZY7111)-based button cell shows a peak power density of 695 mW cm−2 at 600 °C and a current density of 1976 mA cm−2 at 1.4 V in fuel cell and electrolysis modes.
Defect formation and healing at grain boundaries in lead-halide perovskites
Authors: Kaiser Waldemar , Hussain Kashif , Singh Ajay , Alothman Asma A. , Meggiolaro Daniele , Gagliardi Alessio , Mosconi Edoardo , De Angelis Filippo
Published: November 2022

First-principles simulations reveal the competition of defect formation and healing at grain boundaries in lead-halide perovskites. Fast halide migration at GBs mediates structural healing, but also gives rise to enhanced Frenkel defect formation.
Ultrahigh fluid sorption capacity of superhydrophobic and tough cryogels of cross-linked cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets
Authors: Akhlamadi Golnoosh , Goharshadi Elaheh K. , Liimatainen Henrikki
Published: November 2022

Here, we present superhydrophobic, hierarchical, and nanostructured cryogels made from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs), double cross-linked with MXene nanosheets and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the presence of tetradecylamine.
Controlled synthesis of highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting using coal-based activated carbons
Authors: Zhao Xianglong , Yong Xinghua , Ji Qizhe , Yang Zhenghua , Song Yang , Sun Yiqiang , Cai Zhengyang , Xu Jingcheng , Li Luyan , Shi Shuhua , Chen Feiyong , Li Cuncheng , Wang Ping , Baek Jong-Beom
Published: November 2022

N doped coal-based activated carbons, which are decorated with Ru and Ni3N nanoparticles, exhibit excellent OER/HER bifunctional activities and outstanding performance for water splitting, due to synergies of N, Ru, Ni3N and large surface areas.
Organic ligand-facilitatedin situexsolution of CoFe alloys over Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δperovskite toward enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis for rechargeable Zn-air batteries
Authors: Arafat Yasir , Azhar Muhammad Rizwan , Zhong Yijun , O'Hayre Ryan , Tadé Moses O. , Shao Zongping
Published: November 2022

Organic ligand facilitatedin situexsolution of CoFe alloys over Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3perovskite toward enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis for rechargeable Zn-air batteries.
WO2 nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies: a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for the conversion of nitrite to ammonia
Authors: Qiu Hang , Chen Qiuyue , An Xuguang , Liu Qian , Xie Lisi , Zhang Jing , Yao Weitang , Luo Yongsong , Sun Shengjun , Kong Qingquan , Chen Jie , Sun Xuping
Published: November 2022

Monoclinic WO2 nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies are efficient for electrochemical NO2− reduction to NH3, offering an NH3 yield rate of 14 964.25 ± 826.06 μg h−1 cm−2 and a faradaic efficiency of 94.32 ± 1.15%.
Slot-die coated scalable hole transporting layers for efficient perovskite solar modules
Authors: Yin Huiyu , Lv Pin , Gao Biao , Zhang Yuxi , Zhu Yanqing , Hu Min , Tan Boer , Xu Mi , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi-Bing , Simonov Alexandr N. , Lu Jianfeng
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate herein the fabrication of large-area (up to 30 cm2) organic-semiconductor-based films using slot-die coating – an established and highly scalable printing technology that enables deposition of uniform thin films on various substrates.
Periodontal bone regeneration with a degradable thermoplastic HA/PLCL bone graft
Authors: Xiao Xueling , Liu Zhanhong , Shu Rui , Wang Jiangyue , Zhu Xiangdong , Bai Ding , Lin Hai
Published: November 2022

Schematic representation of the synthetic route, physicochemical characteristics of strategic HA/PLCL bone graft, and its possible mechanism of the excellent osteogenic effect.
Construction of stable luminescent donor–acceptor neutral radicals: a theoretical study
Authors: Wang Xin , Xue Peiran , Zhou Cefeng , Zhang Yewen , Li Ping , Chen Runfeng
Published: November 2022

A systematic study of luminescent radicals was performed to reveal the stability-related structure–property relationships and molecular design principles through thermodynamic, kinetic, and electrochemical stabilities and a newly proposed parameter.
A-site non-stoichiometric defects engineering in xPt–La0.9Fe0.75Sn0.25O3−δ hollow nanofiber for high-performance formaldehyde sensor
Authors: Xu Dong , Zhang Yumin , Zhu Qin , Song Zhenlin , Deng Zongming , Zi Baoye , Zhang Jin , Zhao Jianhong , Liu Qingju
Published: November 2022

Artificially inducing abundant oxygen vacancies in perovskite-structured materials is an effective method to improve sensing activity.
Synthetic strategies, molecular engineering and applications of semiconducting polymers based on diarylethylene units in electronic devices
Authors: Zhang Yunchao , Zhang Weifeng , Wang Liping , Yu Gui
Published: November 2022

The progress in the synthesis and molecular engineering of semiconducting polymers based on diarylethylene units is presented. The physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of conjugated and finitely conjugated polymers are illustrated.
Taking a closer look – how the microstructure of Dion–Jacobson perovskites governs their photophysics
Authors: Kahmann Simon , Duim Herman , Rommens Alexander J. , Frohna Kyle , ten Brink Gert H. , Portale Giuseppe , Stranks Samuel D. , Loi Maria A.
Published: November 2022

Films of the two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson compound PDMAPbI4 are studied through concerted multimodal microscopy. Hyperspectral Raman and PL imaging underline the complex impact of the microstructure, composition, and orientation on the photophysics.
PI(4,5)P2: signaling the plasma membrane
Authors: Wills Rachel C. , Hammond Gerald R. V.
Published: November 2022

In the almost 70 years since the first hints of its existence, the phosphoinositide, phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been found to be central in the biological regulation of plasma membrane (PM) function. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling, transport and structural roles the lipid plays at the cell surface in animal cells. These include being substrate for second messenger generation, direct modulation of receptors, control of membrane traffic, regulation of ion channels and transporters, and modulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. We conclude by re-evaluating PI(4,5)P2’s designation as a signaling molecule, instead proposing a cofactor role, enabling PM-selective function for many proteins.
Monocular 3D object detection via Mask‐Revised Network and quality perception loss
Authors: Wang Fengsui , Xu Yue , Chen Jingang , Xiong Lei
Published: November 2022

The accuracy of the monocular 3D detection tasks based on the Pseudo‐LiDAR method is improved greatly. However, the depth map obtained by depth estimation contains a lot of noise, which limits the detection accuracy. To address this problem, an efficient monocular 3D target detection method combined with a Mask‐Revised Network and Quality Perception Loss is proposed. The method adaptively encodes the image into the mask and adjusts the feature weight from the region of interest by the visual attention mechanism. Then, the 2D bounding box confidence and 3D bounding box quality are used to calculate each confidence of the 3D bounding box to realize the quality perception of prediction results. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the KITTI test datasets, and the results show that the proposed method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on the task of monocular 3D target detection and outperforms the existing methods by about 2.75% on AP40 for Car categories.
Analysis of an LLC–DAB integrated DC–DC converter topology with low loss and low cost
Authors: Zhang Shichong , Chen Dezhi , Bai Baodong , Su Zhonghuan
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes an LLC‐DAB integrated high‐frequency isolated DC–DC converter topology structure to reduce the loss and cost of the DC power distribution system. Furthermore, the complexity and efficiency of the system also can be improved. The proposed converter consists of a DAB converter and two input‐parallel‐output‐parallel half‐bridge LLC resonant converters. It provides two DC voltage level buses, namely the HVDC bus and the LVDC bus. Compared with the typical converter topology of the DC power distribution system, the number of power semiconductors of the proposed converter topology is reduced by sharing the power semiconductors of the DAB converter and LLC resonant converter. As a result, with the number of power semiconductors decreasing, the cost and loss of the system are reduced. Moreover, the proposed converter can control the flow direction of power conversion and supply power to the loads. The single‐phase‐shift modulation method is adopted for the DAB converter, and two LLC resonant converters operate as the DC transformer under resonant frequency with open‐loop control. The operation principles and characteristics of the proposed converter are discussed. Finally, the simulation is carried out and an experimental prototype is developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.
The Lockman-SpReSO project
Authors: Gonzalez-Otero Mauro , Padilla-Torres Carmen P. , Cepa Jordi , de Jesús González José , Bongiovanni Ángel , Pérez García Ana María , González-Serrano José Ignacio , Alfaro Emilio , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Benítez Erika , Binette Luc , Cerviño Miguel , Cruz-González Irene , de Diego José A. , Gallego Jesús , Hernández-Toledo Héctor , Krongold Yair , Lara-López Maritza A. , Nadolny Jakub , Pérez-Martínez Ricardo , Pović Mirjana , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Cedrés Bernabé , Dultzin Deborah , Jiménez-Bailón Elena , Navarro Martínez Rocío , Negrete Castalia Alenka , Pintos-Castro Irene , Valenzuela Octavio
Published: November 2022

Context. Extragalactic surveys are a key tool for better understanding the evolution of galaxies. Both deep and wide-field surveys serve to provide a clearer emerging picture of the physical processes that take place in and around galaxies, and to identify which of these processes are the most important in shaping the properties of galaxies.

Aims. The Lockman Spectroscopic Redshift Survey using Osiris (Lockman-SpReSO) aims to provide one of the most complete optical spectroscopic follow-ups of the far-infrared (FIR) sources detected by the Herschel Space Observatory in the Lockman Hole (LH) field. The optical spectroscopic study of the FIR-selected galaxies supplies valuable information about the relation between fundamental FIR and optical parameters, including extinction, star formation rate, and gas metallicity. In this article, we introduce and provide an in-depth description of the Lockman-SpReSO project and of its early results.

Methods. We selected FIR sources from Herschel observations of the central 24 arcmin ×24 arcmin of the LH field with an optical counterpart up to 24.5 RC(AB). The sample comprises 956 Herschel FIR sources, plus 188 additional interesting objects in the field. These are point X-ray sources, cataclysmic variable star candidates, high-velocity halo star candidates, radio sources, very red quasi-stellar objects, and optical counterparts of sub-millimetre galaxies. The faint component of the catalogue (RC(AB) ≥ 20) was observed using the OSIRIS instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) mode. The bright component was observed using two multi-fibre spectrographs: the AF2-WYFFOS at the William Herschel Telescope and the HYDRA instrument at the WYIN telescope.

Results. From an input catalogue of 1144 sources, we measured a secure spectroscopic redshift in the range 0.03 ≲ z ≲ 4.96 for 357 sources with at least two identified spectral lines. In addition, for 99 sources that show only one emission or absorption line, a spectroscopic redshift was postulated based on the line and object properties, and photometric redshift. In both cases, properties of emission and absorption lines were measured. Furthermore, to characterize the sample in more depth with determined spectroscopic redshifts, spectral energy distribution (SED) fits were performed using the CIGALE software. The IR luminosity and the stellar mass estimations for the sample are also presented as a preliminary description.
Complete qth-Moment Convergence of Moving Average Process for m-WOD Random Variable
Authors: SONG Mingzhu , WU Yongfeng , CHU Ying
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we obtained complete qth-moment convergence of the moving average processes, which is generated by m-WOD moving random variables. The results in this article improve and extend the results of the moving average process. m-WOD random variables include WOD, m-NA, m-NOD and m-END random variables, so the results in the paper also promote the corresponding ones in WOD, m-NA, m-NOD, m-END random variables .
Analysis and fabrication of a small-scale radio-frequency balun for magnetic resonance imaging amplifier
Authors: Li Yingliang , Luo Shouhua , Liu Chunyi , Ye Yuanyuan
Published: November 2022

In this study, the authors report the design and fabrication of a small mixed-integrated balun for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The device was designed by using the positive anti-symmetric coupling method, which applies the lump surface-mount technology capacitors as well as mirror-symmetric coupling strips that were etched on the top and bottom layers of a printed circuit board. The capacitors reduced the length of the coupling strips and compensated for imbalances in the phase and gain due to errors in the fabrication process. The structure and equivalent even–odd circuit model of the device was modeled and examined using commercial software to optimize the design parameters. Following this, the device was fabricated and its performance was assessed through measurements using a network analyzer. The results showed that imbalances in the gain and phase were lower than 0.1 dB and 1°, respectively, and the insertion loss and the input voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) were lower than 0.4 dB and −25 dB, respectively. More importantly, the device was small, with dimensions of 50 × 60 × 1.5 mm. This makes it suitable for MRI applications involving highly integrated miniaturized systems. The proposed device was integrated into a 3.0 T radio-frequency power amplifier (RFPA) and reduced the dimensions of its power modules by 20% compared with the traditional balun. Finally, the RFPA module was used in an 3.0T MRI system for imaging experiments, and the results showed that the balun can help obtain high-quality scanning images.
Helium line ratio imaging in the C-2W divertor
Authors: Granstedt E. M. , Osin D. , Gupta D. , Kinley J. , Knapp K. , Muñoz-Burgos J. M. ,   TAE Team
Published: November 2022

A 2D imaging instrument has been designed and deployed on C-2W (“Norman”) [H. Gota et al., Nucl. Fusion 61, 106039 (2021)] to study the plasma in the expander divertor by simultaneously measuring three neutral helium spectral lines. Ratios of these images, in conjunction with a collisional-radiative model, yield 2D maps of electron temperature and density. Almost the entire radial plasma cross-section (∼60 cm) can be mapped with a spatial resolution ≲1 cm. These data can, in principle, be acquired at 3 kHz. The neutral helium target is provided by a custom-built supersonic gas injector located inside the divertor vessel, which injects helium toward the magnetic axis and perpendicular to the camera sight-cone. Images of helium emission and reconstructed electron density and temperature profiles of the plasma produced from an end gun are presented. Voltages applied to concentric annular electrodes located in the divertors are used to stabilize beam-driven field reversed configuration plasmas. Magnetic field expansion is also employed to thermally isolate electrons from the end electrodes. Measurements of electron temperature and density in the divertor are important in order to study the effects of both the electrostatic biasing and the divertor magnetic field on electron confinement, neutral gas transport, and the overall machine performance.
(Cd,Mg)Te crystals for picosecond-response optical-to-x-ray radiation detectors
Authors: Cheng J. , Chen G. , Chakraborty D. , Kutcher S. , Wen J. , Chen H. , Trivedi S. , Sobolewski Roman
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate a photodetector sensitive to both optical and x-ray picosecond pulses based on our in-house grown cadmium magnesium telluride (Cd,Mg)Te single crystal. Specifically, we developed In-doped Cd0.96Mg0.04Te material and discuss its femtosecond optical photoresponse, as well as the detector performance, such as <100-pA dark current and up to 0.22-mA/W responsivity for 780-nm wavelength optical radiation. The detector exposed to Ti fluorescence (K alpha) x-ray pulses at 4.5 keV, generated by a free-electron laser beam with the central energy of 9.8 keV and <100 fs pulse width, exhibited readout-electronics-limited 200-ps full-width-at-half-maximum photoresponse, demonstrating that it is suitable for coarse timing in free-electron laser x-ray/optical femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy applications.
Single-beam plasma source deposition of carbon thin films
Authors: Kim Young , Baule Nina , Shrestha Maheshwar , Zheng Bocong , Schuelke Thomas , Fan Qi Hua
Published: November 2022

A single-beam plasma source was developed and used to deposit hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films at room temperature. The plasma source was excited by a combined radio frequency and direct current power, which resulted in tunable ion energy over a wide range. The plasma source could effectively dissociate the source hydrocarbon gas and simultaneously emit an ion beam to interact with the deposited film. Using this plasma source and a mixture of argon and C2H2 gas, a-C:H films were deposited at a rate of ∼26 nm/min. The resulting a-C:H film of 1.2 µm thick was still highly transparent with a transmittance of over 90% in the infrared range and an optical bandgap of 2.04 eV. Young’s modulus of the a-C:H film was ∼80 GPa. The combination of the low-temperature high-rate deposition of transparent a-C:H films with moderately high Young’s modulus makes the single-beam plasma source attractive for many coatings applications, especially in which heat-sensitive and soft materials are involved. The single-beam plasma source can be configured into a linear structure, which could be used for large-area coatings.
Computational pulmonary edema: A microvascular model of alveolar capillary and interstitial flow
Authors: Grotberg James B. , Romanò Francesco
Published: November 2022

We present a microvascular model of fluid transport in the alveolar septa related to pulmonary edema. It consists of a two-dimensional capillary sheet coursing by several alveoli. The alveolar epithelial membrane runs parallel to the capillary endothelial membrane with an interstitial layer in between, making one long septal tract. A coupled system of equations is derived using lubrication theory for the capillary blood, Darcy flow for the porous media of the interstitium, a passive alveolus, and the Starling equation at both membranes. Case examples include normal physiology, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic edema Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and hypoalbuminemia, and the effects of positive end expiratory pressure. COVID-19 has dramatically increased ARDS in the world population, raising the urgency for such a model to create an analytical framework. Under normal conditions, the fluid exits the alveolus, crosses the interstitium, and enters the capillary. For edema, this crossflow is reversed with the fluid leaving the capillary and entering the alveolus. Because both the interstitial and capillary pressures decrease downstream, the reversal can occur within a single septal tract, with edema upstream and clearance downstream. Overall, the interstitial pressures are found to be significantly more positive than values used in the traditional physiological literature that creates steep gradients near the upstream and downstream end outlets, driving significant flows toward the distant lymphatics. This new physiological flow may provide a possible explanation to the puzzle, noted since 1896, of how pulmonary lymphatics can function so far from the alveoli: the interstitium can be self-clearing.

At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 7 June 2023.
The phononic and charge density wave behavior of entire rare-earth tritelluride series with chemical pressure and temperature
Authors: Yumigeta Kentaro , Attarde Yashika , Kopaczek Jan , Sayyad Mohammed Y. , Shen Yuxia , Blei Mark , Rajaei Moosavy Seyed Tohid , Qin Ying , Sailus Renee , Tongay Sefaattin
Published: November 2022

Here, we present comprehensive phononic and charge density wave properties (CDW) of rare-earth van der Waals tritellurides through temperature dependent angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy measurements. All the possible rare-earth tritellurides (RTe3) ranging from R = La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Tm were synthesized through a chemical vapor transport technique to achieve high quality crystals with excellent CDW characteristics. Raman spectroscopy studies successfully identify the emergence of the CDW state and transition temperature (TCDW), which offers a non-destructive method to identify their CDW response with micron spatial resolution. Temperature dependent Raman measurements further correlate how the atomic mass of metal cations and the resulting chemical pressure influence its CDW properties and offer detailed insight into the strength of CDW amplitude mode-phonon coupling during the CDW transition. Angle-resolved Raman measurements offer the first insights into the CDW-phonon symmetry interplay by monitoring the change in the symmetry of phonon mode across the CDW transition. Overall results introduce the library of RTe3 CDW materials and establish their characteristics through the non-destructive angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy technique.
Model comparisons for two-temperature plasma equations of state
Authors: Triola Christopher
Published: November 2022

When a plasma is generated in the laboratory, energy is often deposited preferentially into either the electrons or the ions, giving rise to a quasiequilibrium state in which the two species, electrons and ions, are well described by two effective temperatures, Te and Ti. Accurate hydrodynamic modeling of such a two-temperature plasma requires an equation of state that captures the relevant many-body physics without assuming a strict local thermodynamic equilibrium. Several models have been proposed within the literature, which extend conventional statistical approaches, each employing a different combination of assumptions for modifying the equilibrium equations. In this work, we compare the predictions for several models, presenting derivations of the internal energy and pressure for each microscopic model within a unified framework so that the assumptions of each model may be more easily compared to one another. We find that for sufficiently weak coupling, all models agree with one another. However, as the coupling strength is increased, the disagreement between the models becomes more pronounced. Moreover, the relative sizes of the corrections predicted by each model depend on which species has the higher temperature, Te > Ti vs Te < Ti.
Femtosecond intramolecular rearrangement of the CH3NCS radical cation
Authors: Stamm Jacob , Li Shuai , Jochim Bethany , Yuwono Stephen H. , Priyadarsini Swati S. , Piecuch Piotr , Dantus Marcos
Published: November 2022

Strong-field ionization, involving tunnel ionization and electron rescattering, enables femtosecond time-resolved dynamics measurements of chemical reactions involving radical cations. Here, we compare the formation of CH3S+ following the strong-field ionization of the isomers CH3SCN and CH3NCS. The former involves the release of neutral CN, while the latter involves an intramolecular rearrangement. We find the intramolecular rearrangement takes place on a single picosecond timescale and exhibits vibrational coherence. Density functional theory and coupled-cluster calculations on the neutral and singly ionized species help us determine the driving force responsible for intramolecular rearrangement in CH3NCS. Our findings illustrate the complexity that accompanies radical cation chemistry following electron ionization and demonstrate a useful tool for understanding cation dynamics after ionization.
Dynamic density functional theory for drying colloidal suspensions: Comparison of hard-sphere free-energy functionals
Authors: Kundu Mayukh , Howard Michael P.
Published: November 2022

Dynamic density functional theory (DDFT) is a promising approach for predicting the structural evolution of a drying suspension containing one or more types of colloidal particles. The assumed free-energy functional is a key component of DDFT that dictates the thermodynamics of the model and, in turn, the density flux due to a concentration gradient. In this work, we compare several commonly used free-energy functionals for drying hard-sphere suspensions, including local-density approximations based on the ideal-gas, virial, and Boublík–Mansoori–Carnahan–Starling–Leland (BMCSL) equations of state as well as a weighted-density approximation based on fundamental measure theory (FMT). To determine the accuracy of each functional, we model one- and two-component hard-sphere suspensions in a drying film with varied initial heights and compositions, and we compare the DDFT-predicted volume fraction profiles to particle-based Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. FMT accurately predicts the structure of the one-component suspensions even at high concentrations and when significant density gradients develop, but the virial and BMCSL equations of state provide reasonable approximations for smaller concentrations at a reduced computational cost. In the two-component suspensions, FMT and BMCSL are similar to each other but modestly overpredict the extent of stratification by size compared to BD simulations. This work provides helpful guidance for selecting thermodynamic models for soft materials in nonequilibrium processes, such as solvent drying, solvent freezing, and sedimentation.
HZO-based FerroNEMS MAC for in-memory computing
Authors: Jadhav Shubham , Gund Ved , Davaji Benyamin , Jena Debdeep , Xing Huili (Grace) , Lal Amit
Published: November 2022

This paper demonstrates a hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)-based ferroelectric NEMS unimorph as the fundamental building block for very low-energy capacitive readout in-memory computing. The reported device consists of a 250×30 μm2 unimorph cantilever with 20-nm-thick ferroelectric HZO on 1 μm SiO2. Partial ferroelectric switching in HZO achieves analog programmable control of the piezoelectric coefficient (d31), which serves as the computational weight for multiply accumulate (MAC) operations. The displacement of the piezoelectric unimorph was recorded by actuating the device with different input voltages Vin. The resulting displacement was measured as a function of the ferroelectric programming/poling voltage VP. The slopes of central beam displacement (δmax) vs Vin were measured to be between 182.9 nm/V (for −8 Vp) and −90.5 nm/V (for 8 Vp), which corresponds to displacement proportionality constant β of 68 nm/V2 for +ve Vp and 47 nm/V2 for −ve Vp, demonstrating linear behavior of the multiplier unit. The resultant δmax from AC actuation is in the range of −18 to 36 nm and is a scaled product of Vin and programmed d31 (governed by the Vp). The multiplication function serves as the fundamental unit for MAC operations with the ferroelectric NEMS unimorph. The displacement from many such beams can be added by summing the capacitance changes, providing a pathway to implement a multi-input and multi-weight neuron. A scaling and fabrication analysis suggests that this device can be CMOS compatible, achieving high in-memory computational throughput.
Metal–insulator transitions in dimensionality controlled LaxSr1−xVO3 films
Authors: Takahashi K. S. , Tokura Y. , Kawasaki M.
Published: November 2022

Carrier doping into two dimensional (2D) Mott insulators is one of the prospective strategies for exploring exotic quantum phenomena. Although ultra-thin oxide films are one such target, it is vitally important to fabricate well-defined and clean samples to extract intrinsic properties. In this study, we start from establishing the growth of clean SrVO3 films with a low residual resistivity (∼4 × 10−7 Ω cm) and a high mobility (∼103 cm2/V s). By confining them with SrTiO3 barrier layers, the Mott insulator state appears at the thickness below 3 unit cells (u.c.). By the electron doping in the form of LaxSr1−xVO3 for such two dimensional systems (2 and 3 u.c), metallic-like phases appear in a narrow x region around x = 0.17, indicating a collapse of the Mott insulator state. This study demonstrates that artificial 2D systems of clean oxides are a promising playground for exploring novel Mott physics in confined systems.
Evaluating responsible consumption through the purchase of organic products, life meaningfulness and the meaning attributed to food. Responsible consumption and personal meanings (La valoración del consumo responsable a través de la compra de productos ecológicos, la significación vital y el significado atribuido a la comida. El consumo responsable y los significados personales)
Authors: Chinea Cristina , Suárez Ernesto , Hernández Bernardo , Gil Domingo
Published: November 2022

Food production and consumption systems are generating serious environmental consequences. It is essential to explore which psychosocial variables underpin environmentally friendly consumer behaviour. The aim of our research is to identify how the evaluation of responsible consumption and the meanings attributed to food and life are related and whether there are differences in the frequency with which participants buy organic products based on these study variables. In a sample of 399 informants, our results indicate that the meanings attributed to food and life are related and influence the evaluation of responsible consumption. In addition, our results show that people who buy organic products more often tend to value responsible consumption more positively and attach particular moral meaning to food compared to those who buy them less frequently. Based on these results, the implications for contexts of intervention and application are discussed.
Subtracting glitches from gravitational-wave detector data during the third LIGO-Virgo observing run
Authors: Davis D , Littenberg T B , Romero-Shaw I M , Millhouse M , McIver J , Di Renzo F , Ashton G
Published: November 2022

Data from ground-based gravitational-wave detectors contains numerous short-duration instrumental artifacts, called ‘glitches’. The high rate of these artifacts in turn results in a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences overlapping glitches. In LIGO-Virgo’s third observing run, ≈20% of gravitational-wave source candidates required some form of mitigation due to glitches. This was the first observing run where glitch subtraction was included as a part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data analysis methods for a large fraction of detected gravitational-wave events. This work describes the methods to identify glitches, the decision process for deciding if mitigation was necessary, and the two algorithms, BayesWave and gwsubtract, that were used to model and subtract glitches. Through case studies of two events, GW190424_180648 and GW200129_065458, we evaluate the effectiveness of the glitch subtraction, compare the statistical uncertainties in the relevant glitch models, and identify potential limitations in these glitch subtraction methods. We finally outline the lessons learned from this first-of-its-kind effort for future observing runs.
Quantisation ambiguities and the effective dynamics of scalar-tensor theories in loop quantum cosmology
Authors: Han Yu
Published: November 2022

The Hamiltonian constraint of scalar-tensor theories (STTs) in the Jordan frame is quantised using three quantisation prescriptions in loop quantum cosmology, from which we obtain three different effective Hamiltonian constraints. The corresponding effective equations of motion derived from these effective Hamiltonian constraints turn out to be drastically different. The implications of each set of effective equations of motion are discussed in detail. In the latter half of this paper, as a concrete example, we study the effective dynamics of a specific model of STTs with the non-minimal coupling function

F
(
ϕ
)
=
1
+
ξ
κ

ϕ
2

and self-interacting quartic potential. Using numerical results, we find different features for different effective dynamics. Moreover, it is also found that the spacetime singularity is absent and the cosmological bounce exists in each effective dynamics of this model.
Photon propagation in a material medium on a curved spacetime
Authors: Guerrieri Amanda , Novello Mário
Published: November 2022

We consider a nonlinear dielectric medium surrounding a static, charged and spherically symmetric compact body which gravitational field is driven by general relativity. Considering the propagating waves on the dielectric medium, we describe the trajectory of light as geodesics on an effective geometry given by Hadamard’s discontinuities. We analyze some consequences of the effective geometry in the propagation of light, with relation to the predictions of the background gravitational field, that includes corrections on the geometrical redshift and on the gravitational deflection of light. We show that the background electromagnetic field polarize the material medium, such that different polarizations of light are distinguished by different corrections on these quantities. As a consequence, we have two possible paths for the trajectory of light in such configuration, that coincide if we turn off the electromagnetic field or if the permittivity is constant. We show that the effective metric associated to the negative polarization, for a given dependence of the dielectric permittivity, is conformally flat.
An efficient approach for guided wave structural monitoring of switch rails via deep convolutional neural network-based transfer learning
Authors: Liu Weixu , Tang Zhifeng , Lv Fuzai , Chen Xiangxian
Published: November 2022

Data-driven approaches in structural health monitoring have received increasing attention, especially advances in deep learning-based methods, which have further driven the development of data-driven damage detection. Due to the limited availability of guided wave samples and the imbalance between data classes, this study proposes a deep convolutional neural network-based transfer learning (DCTL) approach for the structure monitoring of switch rails using guided wave monitoring signals. A pretrained model based on Inception-ResNet-V2 was adopted and fine-tuned. Different methods for converting 1D signals into 2D images were investigated to find the optimal approach that meets practical monitoring requirements. Affine transformations were used for data augmentation to improve generalization ability and to avoid the overfitting of the training model. Two types of guided wave monitoring experiments on the foot and web of switch rails were conducted to evaluate the proposed method against different conventional methods in the field of switch rails. In addition, the DCTL method was investigated, with and without pretrained weights, along with different frozen layers. The classification results show that the proposed method can identify damage in challenging situations and outperforms conventional methods.
A parametric study on the subharmonic isolas in a bistable dielectric elastomer actuator
Authors: Cao Chongjing , Chen Lijin , Hill Thomas L , Wang Lei , Gao Xing
Published: November 2022

Resonant actuation of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) greatly improves their output power densities and energy efficiencies. However, their outstanding performance usually accompanies complex dynamics which hinder the robust applications of DEAs. Isolated frequency responses, or isolas, are branches of resonant curves that are isolated from the main frequency response curve, hence can be easily overlooked during the dynamic analyses of DEAs. Once triggered, however, isolas can lead to dramatic changes in frequency responses, which pose great threats to system stability. As a critical step towards controlling the isolas within DEAs, this work adopts a bistable cone DEA (BCDEA) configuration and conducts dedicated numerical and experimental parametric studies on its isolas to uncover the physical mechanisms that create them. The effects of potential barriers, equilibrium positions and excitation level on the evolutions of isolas are studied with the aim of finding the critical parameters that determine their evolutions. The outcomes of this paper help to gain more insights into the complex isola phenomena in BCDEAs, which may offer guidelines for eliminating undesired isolas within BCDEAs or for exploiting isolas for applications in, e.g. energy harvesting, soft robotic locomotion and vibro-tactile feedbacks.
Multiparameter transmission estimation at the quantum Cramér–Rao limit on a cloud quantum computer
Authors: Goldberg Aaron Z , Heshami Khabat
Published: November 2022

Estimating transmission or loss is at the heart of spectroscopy. To achieve the ultimate quantum resolution limit, one must use probe states with definite photon number and detectors capable of distinguishing the number of photons impinging thereon. In practice, one can outperform classical limits using two-mode squeezed light, which can be used to herald definite-photon-number probes, but the heralding is not guaranteed to produce the desired probes when there is loss in the heralding arm or its detector is imperfect. We show that this paradigm can be used to simultaneously measure distinct loss parameters in both modes of the squeezed light, with attainable quantum advantages. We demonstrate this protocol on Xanadu’s X8 chip, accessed via the cloud, building photon-number probability distributions from 106 shots and performing maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) on these distributions 103 independent times. Because pump light may be lost before the squeezing occurs, we also simultaneously estimate the actual input power, using the theory of nuisance parameters. MLE converges to estimate the transmission amplitudes in X8’s eight modes to be 0.392 02(6), 0.307 06(8), 0.369 37(6), 0.287 30(9), 0.382 06(6), 0.304 41(8), 0.372 29(6), and 0.286 21(8) and the squeezing parameters, which are proxies for effective input coherent-state amplitudes, their losses, and their nonlinear interaction times, to be 1.3000(2), 1.3238(3), 1.2666(2), and 1.3425(3); all of these uncertainties are within a factor of two of the quantum Cramér–Rao bound. This study provides crucial insight into the intersection of quantum multiparameter estimation theory, MLE convergence, and the characterization and performance of real quantum devices.
Elusive exotic structures and their collisional dynamics in (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli equation
Authors: Radha R , Singh Sudhir , Senthil Kumar C , Lou Senyue
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we investigate the (2+1) dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli (BLP) equation employing truncated Painlevé expansion approach and extract a plethora of localized nonlinear waves, including multi-dromions, multi-lumps, multi-rogue waves, generalized-breathers etc. The dromions are characterized as bright, dark and mixed (bright-dark) based on their intensity. The collisional dynamics of dromions shows that they change their shape or form upon interaction in addition to undergoing a phase change. The lump solutions of orders one and two are also extracted through appropriate test functions and observed to be non-interacting in nature. Also, the first-order and second-order rogue waves are also obtained through rational polynomials and shown to be unstable. The generalized breathers are obtained by utilizing the three-wave test function. The highlights of our investigation is that one encounters a strange coherent structure called ‘dromion filter’ which contains a dynamic and a stationary dromion. In addition, we are also able to unearth a ‘coexistent dromion-line soliton’.
Stability of exact solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with arbitrary nonlinearity parameter κ
Authors: Cooper Fred , Khare Avinash , Charalampidis Efstathios G , Dawson John F , Saxena Avadh
Published: November 2022

In this work, we consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in 2+1 dimensions with arbitrary nonlinearity exponent κ in the presence of an external confining potential. Exact solutions to the system are constructed, and their stability as we increase the ‘mass’ (i.e., the L
2 norm) and the nonlinearity parameter κ is explored. We observe both theoretically and numerically that the presence of the confining potential leads to wider domains of stability over the parameter space compared to the unconfined case. Our analysis suggests the existence of a stable regime of solutions for all κ as long as their mass is less than a critical value M*(κ). Furthermore, we find that there are two different critical masses, one corresponding to width perturbations and the other one to translational perturbations. The results of Derrick’s theorem are also obtained by studying the small amplitude regime of a four-parameter collective coordinate (4CC) approximation. A numerical stability analysis of the NLSE shows that the instability curve M*(κ) versus κ lies below the two curves found by Derrick’s theorem and the 4CC approximation. In the absence of the external potential, κ = 1 demarcates the separation between the blowup regime and the stable regime. In this 4CC approximation, for κ < 1, when the mass is above the critical mass for the translational instability, quite complicated motions of the collective coordinates are possible. Energy conservation prevents the blowup of the solution as well as confines the center of the solution to a finite spatial domain. We call this regime the ‘frustrated’ blowup regime and give some illustrations. In an appendix, we show how to extend these results to arbitrary initial ground state solution data and arbitrary spatial dimension d.
Detection of d
1 ⨂ d
2 dimensional bipartite entangled state: a graph theoretical approach
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Adhikari Satyabrata
Published: November 2022

Braunstein et al have started the study of entanglement properties of the quantum states through graph theoretical approach. Their idea was to start from a simple unweighted graph G and then they have defined the quantum state from the Laplacian of the graph G. A lot of research had already been done using the similar idea. We ask here the opposite one i.e can we generate a graph from the density matrix? To investigate this question, we have constructed a unital map ϕ such that ϕ(ρ) = L

ρ
+ ρ, where the quantum state is described by the density operator ρ. The entries of L

ρ
depends on the entries of the quantum state ρ and the entries are taken in such a way that L

ρ
satisfies all the properties of the Laplacian. This make possible to design a simple connected weighted graph from the Laplacian L

ρ
. We show that the constructed unital map ϕ characterize the quantum state with respect to its purity by showing that if the determinant of the matrix ϕ(ρ) − I is positive then the quantum state ρ represent a mixed state. Moreover, we study the positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion in terms of the spectrum of the density matrix under investigation and the spectrum of the Laplacian associated with the given density matrix. Furthermore, we derive the inequality between the minimum eigenvalue of the density matrix and the weight of the edges of the connected subgraph of a simple weighted graph to detect the entanglement of d
1 ⨂ d
2 dimensional bipartite quantum states. Lastly, we have illustrated our results with few examples.
Quantitative analysis of the morphing wing mechanism of raptors: morphing kinematics of Falco peregrinus wing
Authors: Tang Di , Che Jinqi , Jin Weijie , Cui Yahui , Fan Zhongyong , Yang Yin , Liu Dawei
Published: November 2022

Raptors are getting more attention from researchers because of their excellent flight abilities. And the excellent wing morphing ability is critical for raptors to achieve high maneuvering flight, which can be a good bionic inspiration for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) design. However, morphing wing motions of Falco peregrinus with multi postures cannot be consulted since such a motion database was nonexistent. This study aimed to provide data reference for future research in wing morphing kinetics. We used the computed tomography (CT) approach to obtain nine critical postures of the Falco peregrinus wing skeleton, followed with motion analysis of each joint and bone. Based on the obtained motion database, a six-bar kinematic model was proposed to regenerate wing motions with a high fidelity.
Enhanced and controllable reflected group delay based on Tamm surface plasmons with Dirac semimetals
Authors: Zheng Qiwen , Lu Wenguang , Xu Jiaqing , Ye Yunyang , Zhao Xinmin , Jiang Leyong
Published: November 2022

The reflected group delay from a multilayer structure comprising a one-dimensional photonic crystal coated with a bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) separated by a spacer layer is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the group delay of the reflected beam in this structure can be significantly negatively enhanced and switched from negative to positive. The enhanced group delay originates from the steep phase change caused by the excitation of the optical Tamm state at the interface between the BDS and spacer layer. Moreover, positive and negative group delays can be actively tuned through the Fermi energy and the relaxation time of the BDS. We believe that this enhanced and tunable delay scheme has important research significance for the fabrication of optical delay devices.