bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENDOGAMOUS MARRIAGE AMONG SANTERI PERSPECTIVES OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Endogamous marriage among students at Pesantren al-Ashriyyah Nurul Iman Parung Bogor has become the focus of attention in this study. This study aims to understand the purpose and implications of the practice of endogamous marriage in the context of the pesantren, by exploring the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law. This field research examines the application of laws in social life. It uses a sociological approach of Islamic law to reveal facts about endogamous marriage among santri at pesantren al Ashriyyah Nurul Iman, Parung Bogor, Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with students, kyai, and pesantren staff, as well as related literature studies. The results showed that the practice of endogamous marriage in pesantren aims to preserve, maintain, and strengthen harmonious relationships among fellow students, while strengthening the values taught in pesantren. This is also seen as an effort to maintain the identity of the pesantren and ensure the continuity of the generation of santri who continue to inherit the values of the pesantren. From the perspective of Islamic law, endogamous marriages are considered in accordance with the principle of kafā'ah, which emphasizes conformity or equality between spouses in various aspects of life. Thus, this practice is not only part of the pesantren culture, but also an effort to maintain the integrity and sustainability of the student community. This research provides a deeper understanding of the importance of endogamous marriage practices in the context of pesantren, as well as its impact in maintaining pesantren values and strengthening the identity of the santri community.
Keywords: Marriage Endogami, Santri, Kafā'ah, Sociology of Islamic Law
UNMASKING ISRAEL'S ACTIONS: WHITE PHOSPHORUS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW BREACHES IN ISRAEL - PALESTINE CONFLICT
Authors: Islami Muhammad Nur , Alfarizi M. Hanaan , Genovés Manuel Beltrán
Published: August 2024

Israel has been accused of using White Phosphorus (WP) chemical weapons on populated areas. Although its use is not prohibited, there are several conditions that limit the use of WP in warfare as stipulated in International Humanitarian Law and several other international conventions. Israel argued that the use of WP was to cover the movement of their soldiers against Hamas soldiers and not to target people. This has drawn pros and cons from various legal experts and human rights observers. This article discusses the issue by focusing on the restrictions on the use of WP in international law. The method used is normative legal research that relies on international conventions. The conclusion obtained is that there is no prohibition on the use of WP in war, but it is necessary to pay attention to the objectives and procedures for using WP in war, such as not being used in community areas or by air. This answers the debate that Israel is guilty of misusing WP weapons in areas where there are communities.
ISLAMIC DONATIONS-BASED CROWDFUNDING PLATFORMS IN MALAYSIA: AN EVALUATION OF REGULATORY AND SHARIAH ISSUES
Authors: Mat Radzi Rafisah , Muhamed Nurul Aini , Kamaruddin Muhammad Iqmal Hisham , Wan Mohamad Nazarie Wan Nur Fazni , Kamarubahrin Aimi Fadzirul
Published: August 2024

The emergence of innovative digital financial technologies has made donation-crowdfunding viable as a method that can supplement traditional fundraising mechanisms. Crowdfunding has recently gained worldwide attention as an alternative financing mechanism to the traditional fundraising methods for business ventures or social projects. While donation-crowdfunding which utilise platforms has demonstrated promising growth, there is no established legal framework available to accommodate its operation, especially for Islamic ones. Therefore, this study provides intuitive information pertaining to legal and Shariah issues in governing Islamic donation-based crowdfunding in Malaysia. Drawing from the conceptual framework of Islamic economics and qualitative data collection through semi-structured with six representatives of the Islamic donation-crowdfunding platforms, this study concludes that the issues associated with Malaysian regulations regimes and Shariah issues revolve around the donation- based crowdfunding platforms business model should be considered when devising a Shariah framework for donation-crowdfunding schemes. The findings will help policymakers to formulate and put in place the appropriate regulatory framework to facilitate Islamic donation-based crowdfunding practice.
TRANSFORMING CONFLICT RESOLUTION: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN LAND DEED REGISTRATION
Authors: Taufik Afif Azy'ari
Published: August 2024

So far, sometimes victims feel dissatisfied with the results of judges' decisions regarding sanctions for perpetrators. The purpose of this study is to find out the urgency of Restorative Justice against the Office of the Land Act Maker (PPAT) and the completion of the law of the Bureau of the Property Act Makers (PPAT) who performed the clearance of Customs Procurement of Land and Buildings Rights (BPHTB) through restorative Justice.
This type of research is empirical law research. This research is done in the City of Makassar, South Sulawesi Province. The data used are primary and secondary data, with field study techniques and library studies. The data collected is then analyzed qualitatively.
The results of this study indicate that the Urgency of Restorative Justice, one of which is the restoration of the original situation, can be carried out against PPAT in the event of embezzlement of tax levies from the imposition of Fees on Acquisition of Land and Building Rights (BPHTB) embezzled by PPAT in the process of transferring rights to land and / or buildings, unless there are elements of harming the state or criminal acts of corruption, then Restorative Justice cannot be carried out. Although currently the concept of Restorative Justice has been contained in the settlement of corruption crimes, it is not yet fully implemented, because the settlement still focuses on prison sentences.
Assessment of local budget deficit in the context of global challenges: Content, causes and ways of optimization
Authors: Kachanova Elena
Published: August 2024

Introduction. The impact of global challenges in the modern world establishes its own technologies for achieving balance in planning and using budget finances in Russia. These problems acquire a special spectrum within the framework of a large number, diversity of legal types, natural and geographical features of the territory and financial independence of local budgets. Local budgets are the most significant source of financing for public utility infrastructure facilities that residents of municipalities use every day, which ultimately determines the comfort and quality of living in the local area. This article aims to consider the theoretical and methodological approaches to the content and causes of the local budget deficit and to substantiate the criteria for the effectiveness of its financing with an uncertain revenue base and increasing costs for organizing the provision of municipal services in all areas of expenditure obligations of local governments. To substantiate the working hypothesis of the study, we point out that local budgets of all legal types of municipalities have gratuitous transfers from higher-level budgets as the main source of revenue base, a small amount of tax initiative and budgetary powers to assess their expenditure obligations. As a rule, all these powers are regulated at the federal and regional levels.

The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of the Keynesian and neo-Keynesian schools of budget regulation, taking into account the new model of municipal governance. The empirical basis of the study was the control indicators of draft budgets of a number of municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region, obtained by the author from official sources and the results of the webinar with representatives of financial departments as part of local governments of the Sverdlovsk region.

Results and conclusions. The results of the study identified the criteria for the formation and implementation of an effective budget deficit policy, formulated practical recommendations for local governments to optimize the financing of the local budget deficit and servicing the debt obligations of the municipality in the context of prevention and adaptation to global challenges. As further directions of scientific research, it is necessary to indicate an assessment of the possibilities of applying these criteria by local governments to the reformed provisions of the budget legislation of Russia, expected for 2030-2036.
Resistencias campesinas en los espacios rurales de Europa y América durante la Edad Moderna
Authors: Salinero Gregorio , Castro Redondo Rubén , Luna Pablo F. , Roulet Éric , Abril Martín José Manuel , Retamero Félix , Quesada Marcos Nicolás , Pedroza Manoela , Molina Gutiérrez Miller Hans , Rey Castelao Ofelia , Alveal Carmen , Angulo Morales Alberto , Echeberría Ayllón Iker , O´Phelan Godoy Scarlett , Illana López Francisco Javier , Rodríguez Lemos Anxo , Gómez Navarro María Soledad , Gauthier Florence
Published: August 2024

Los capítulos que componen el monográfico giran en torno a cuatro ejes fundamentales que se corresponden con ejercicios de resistencia campesina en espacios rurales de ambos lados del Atlántico en el Antiguo Régimen, donde tienen una preponderancia sobre todos los demás los dominios tanto metropolitanos como de ultramar de las potencias ibéricas (Portugal y la Monarquía Hispánica): 1. Esclavismo e indigenismo, en los espacios americanos de las potencias ibéricas, funcionando como catalizador de protestas violentas o no contra situaciones de explotación y dominación siempre Europa-América (y no al revés); 2. Fiscalidad, como uno de los elementos más reconocibles en las acciones campesinas de resistencia contra las instituciones rentistas (Iglesia y Nobleza, fundamentalmente) y los propios Estados modernos. En este sentido, es determinante la resistencia al pago de tributos, servicios y rentas, casi siempre en especie y fruto de las cosechas del campesinado, pobres en general, y deficitarias periódicamente en línea con la coyuntura agraria; 3. Propiedad de la tierra: el medio de producción del campesinado por excelencia, que trabajó pero no poseyó, y que fue objeto de continuas luchas y disputas por su adquisición completa, tratando de librarse de cargas abusivas, materializadas en los contratos agrarios, que eran uno de los pilares socioeconómicos de la injusta sociedad estamental; 4. Administración: contra las instancias de poder del Antiguo Régimen, especialmente la Iglesia y el Estado (en cualquiera de sus instituciones y competencias, de la Corte y la Legislación a las villas, ciudades y concejos rurales de la base administrativa local, y tanto en ámbitos de gobierno como de justicia), habitualmente resistiéndose a la disciplina normativa, la ortodoxia religiosa y la reforma de comportamientos y prácticas culturales contrarias a los intereses o la moralidad de las instancias antedichas.
Quiddity College: Thomas Jefferson's Legacy for Moral Science
Authors: Stephenson William
Published: August 2024

William Stephenson clearly regarded this manuscript as one of his major works, an inevitable outcome of his life-long involvement in education. Given his commitment to the importance of subjective science, Stephenson felt the need for him to anticipate what kind of education it should entail, to focus his attention on how subjectivity might be cultivated. Quiddity College is his answer. It describes a two-year college curriculum in which facts are taken for granted – prior to entering Quiddity College students would have already acquired a grounding in physics, chemistry, genetics, etcetera, and everything subjective would be fostered in the College. Part I, drawing on his own experience of both British and North American practices, provides a critique of existing systems at College and University levels. It continues with a presentation of his ideas about subjectivity and the role it should play in an ideal College. The notions of play and communication-pleasure are central to his vision. Part II outlines a curriculum for Quiddity rooted in principles from the Scottish Enlightenment and taught by the seven Fellows of Quiddity College, named after Thomas Jefferson and members of his circle such as Thomas Paine, Joseph Priestley, David Rittenhouse, and Benjamin Rush.
Mācību grāmatu sastādīšanas didaktika amatu mācībām pieaugušajiem
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Dišlere Vija
Published: August 2024

Izglītības noteikta apjoma satura nesējs un šī satura apguves metožu un līdzekļu nodrošinātājs - tā ir viena no mācību grāmatas pamatfunkcijām. Dažādos padomju un austrumeiropas skolas attīstības vēstures posmos ir mainījies priekšstats par mācību grāmatas struktūru un lomu mācību līdzekļu sistēmā. divdesmitajos un 30.- to gadu sākumā asi kritizēja tā saucamās klasiskās mācību grāmatas, kas skolā bija galvenais mācību līdzeklis. Tika meklētas jauna tipa grāmatas, kas veicinātu (aktivizētu) skolēnu izziņas darbību. Tajā pat laikā tām piemita virkne būtisku trūkumu - tās nenodrošināja zināšanu sistematizāciju, tātad nepilnīgi tika realizēta informatīvā funkcija, sistematizācijas un kontroles funkcijas. Mācību grāmatas funkciju kvantitatīvo un kvalitatīvo rādītāju savstarpējo sakarību un hierarhijas rādītāju analīze ir jāturpina. Teorijā bieži kā galvenās min informatīvo, transformatīvo, sistematizācijas, nostiprināšanas un kontroles, integrējošo, koordinējošo, audzinošo funkcijas. Mūsu dienās sakarā ar esošo mācību grāmatu kritiku, kā arī lai novērstu pārslodzi ar mācību vielu, notiek mācību materiāla atlase, informācijas apkopošana, sistematizācija. Sistematizācijas funkcija, kas saistīta praktiski ar visām minētām funkcijām, realizē mērķtiecīgu audzināšanu, veicina un attīsta prasmi domāt, veido domas izteikšanas iemaņas, nodrošina skolēnus ar zinātniskās izziņas metodēm. Jāsecina, ka mācību grāmatas didaktisko funkciju sistēma un nomenklatūra nevar būt galīgi noteikta un pabeigta. Tā ir dinamiska, atklāta (atvērta) un ir maināma atkarībā no mācību priekšmeta tipa, didaktiskās koncepcijas un mācību procesa mērķiem dotajā attīstības periodā, arī no mācību grāmatas tipa.
Evidence-Based Dentistry - 1. Basic Concepts, Question, and Searching
Authors: Hong Soon-Min
Published: August 2024

Evidence-based dentistry is a new, worldwide trend in the field of clinical dentistry. Despite this fact, it has been neglected in Korean dental community. Thus, its basic concepts and the 5-step procedures are introduced and described in this 2-part series report. Evidence-based dentistry is a method of clinical practice where the clinicians use the best available research evidence for their own clinical decision making. By using this method, the clinical outcomes can be improved and the clinicians themselves can have the ability to keep watch over their daily practices. To clinically apply the principles of evidence-based dentistry, dental practitioners have to formulate a clear question, find the best available research evidence efficiently, critically appraise the evidence systematically, apply the results of the evidence to their practice, and evaluate the clinical outcomes comprehensively. In building a clinical question, it is essential to categorize questions according to their types followed by their organization using the key elements. Then, literature search must be done. There are many web sites for searching evidence, but PubMed is considered to be the leading site. To efficiently search the literature, search term must be selected appropriately and the search results should be limited.
Comparison of shaping ability using LightSpeed, ProTaper and Hybrid technique in simulated root canals
Authors: Kang Soon-Il , Kwak Sang-Won , Park Jeong-Kil , Hur Bock , Kim Hyeon-Cheol
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping abilities of LightSpeed, ProTaper-Universal, and hybrid technique using S-series of ProTaper-Universal and LigthSpeed. The 72 simulated root canals of J-shape were used and classified as flowing 3 groups according to the instrumentation methods; Group P of 24 canal blocks were prepared with ProTaper-Universal, Group L was prepared with LightSpeed, and Group H was prepared with hybrid technique (initial shaping with ProTaper-Universal SI and S2 and apical shaping with LightSpeed from #25 to #50). A second-year resident of Endodontic department prepared the resin block canals to apical size #50 (F5 in Group P). The time lapses for instrumentation and the reduction of root canal curvature after shaping were measured. The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate and calculate the increased canal width and apical centering ratio. The results were as followings: Group Land H showed significant less instrumentation time than Group P (p < 0.05). The ProTaper system showed greater reduction of root canal curvature and working length diminishment than other methods (p < 0.05). LightSpeed system showed best canal curvature preserving characteristics. The Group P had greater instrumented widths at all levels examined (p < 0.05). Group L and Group H showed lower centering ratio (ability to preserve the canal center; the lower ratio means the better canal center preservation) than Group P (p < 0.05). Group H had the lowest centering ratio at the 1 mm level.
Effect of Silicon contained Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate in human intrabony defects
Authors: Jang Yong-Ju , Kim Yong-Tae , Park Jung-Chul , Kim Chang-Sung , Choi Seong-Ho , Kim Chong-Kwan
Published: August 2024

Aim : The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment is regeneration of periodontium that have been lost due to inflammatory periodontal disease. Recently, Silicon contained Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate bone substitute have been introduced to achieve periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the Silicon contained Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate(BoneMedik-DM(R), Meta Biomed Co., Ltd. Oksan, Korea) on periodontal intrabony defects. Methods and materials : Clinical effects of Silicon contained Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate implantation in intrabony defects were evaluated 6 months after surgery in Sixty-one intrabony defects from Fourty-six patients with chronic periodontitis. Twenty-nine experimental defects in twenty-five patients received the Silicon contained Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate(test group), while Thirty-Three defects in twenty-one patients were treated with flap procedure only( control group). Comparative observation were done for preoperative and postoperative differences between control and experimental clinical parameters,-clinical attachment 10ss(CAL), probing depth(PD), bone probing depth(BPD), gingi val recession. Results : Postoperative improvements in CAL, PD, BPD were observed in both test and control groups(P<0.0l). However, the improvements in CAL, PD, BPD of the test group were significantly greater than control group. Conclusion : Healing of the both groups were uneventful during experimental periods. Use of Silicon contained Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate in a flap operation resulted in significantly greater improvements in CAL, PD, and BPD over flap operation alone. Silicon contained Coralline Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phosphate will be good bone substitute materials for treatment of intrabony defects.
Management of the complications occurred in/after dental treatment of the medically compromised patient
Authors: Kim Change-Hyen , Shin Hee-Jin , Kwon Young-Wook , Park Je-Uk
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, medically compromised patients who could not receive dental treatments in the past are able to go through minor oral surgeries with adequate preoperative measures. Thorough understanding of the systemic disease and its complications is needed as well as the management them. Frequent complications of surgical procedures are bleeding, infection, delayed healing, systemic reactions by stress and they can be aggravated due to the patients' systemic conditions. Therefore, understanding of the systemic disease of patient visiting dental office and treatment modification according to the systemic status is needed. Also consultation to the medical doctor is imperative, through which perioperative risk and complications can be reduced. Among the high frequency complications of dental treatment of medically compromised patients, bleeding, infection, delayed healing, systemic reactions by stress will be discussed with the management of each one.
Effect of two dentin desensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG laser for dentinal tubule occlusion
Authors: Kim Na-Song , Kang Jeong-Kyung , Ryu Jae-Jun
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two dentin desensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG laser for dentinal tubule occlusion. Twenty recently extracted single-rooted human teeth were used to obtain root dentinal fragments. The crowns were cut approximately 1mm below the cementum enamel junction(CEJ). A second cut was used to remove the apex of the root. Subsequently, a longitudinal cut was made in order to obtain 2 fragments from each root sample. The cementum from the cervical portion was removed using a high-speed diamond-coated bur in order to expose the dentin. To open dentinal tubules, forty samples were treated with 50% citric acid for 2 min and then rinsed under distilled water for 1 min. These were divided into four groups of ten samples each. The first group served as a control group. In group 2, the samples were irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser(Waterlase MD, Biolase, USA). In group 3, the samples were treated with Bisblock and ONE-STEP PLUS(Bisco, USA). In group 4, the samples were treated with Gluma comfort bond & Desensitizer(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany). All the samples were examined using Scanning electron microscopy(Hitachi, S-4700, Japan) with two different magnifications(X2000, X5000). These images were assessed by one examiner who was blind to the experimental procedure, using the index of smear layer removal. The distribution of smear layer removal grades was tested using Fisher's exact test. On the order hand, in order to evaluate the occluding effect of two dentin desensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG laser, the number of exposed dentinal tubules was counted in each group. These were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test with significance predetermined alpha=0.05. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups(Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Bisblock+ONE-STEP PLUS, Gluma comfort bond & Desensitizer) and control group.
Dental occlusion and its relationship with general health
Authors: Park Eun-Jin , Cho Byeong-Gap , Bae Hanna Eun-Kyong
Published: August 2024

The relationship between dental occlusion to temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), systemic symptoms and health has been discussed and theoretical reasons have been the foundation for treatments performed by various areas of alternative treatments. It has been noted that there have been increase in the available methods and treatments for the general public regarding these areas of treatment modality. Korean Academy of Stomatognathic function and Occlusion have carried out literature review of five of those treatment theories available; they are Craniosacral mechanism, Osteopathy, Myodontics, Chirodontics, Dental distress syndrome and Quadrant theorem. Each of these modalities will be introduced and brief summary of their efficacy and efficiency will be discussed.
Dental Considerations for special care dentistry according to the types of disabilities
Authors: Kim Young-J.
Published: August 2024

Special needs patient are one of the underserved dental patient groups in Korea. However, Lack of attitudes to oral care and the knowledge of health professionals are identified as barriers to oral health for people with disabilities. Health authorities have a key role in ensuring that the need for a comprehensive dental services is met. This review may help oral health professionals understand the dental considerations according types of disabilities and provide appropriate and necessary dental care for special needs patients.
The Oral Care Methodes for the Disabled
Authors: Lee Hyo-Seol
Published: August 2024

In the welfare law for the disabled in Korea, the disabled is defined as "the persons sho have significant limitations of daily or social life due to physical or mental disabilities over a long period." The number of registered domestic disabled person in 2008 survey was approximately 2.1 million. 90% of the disabled was caused by the aposteriori illness or accidents. So, in this aging society, the number of people with disabilities will increase even more. In general, people with physical and mental disabilities tend to have more oral diseases, but, are difficult to get treated. Therefore, a thorough oral care through individualized prevention is more important than ever. In this article, we review the oral care methods in dental office and home and in the hospital for the elderly and finally focus on a denture care method. According to this article, the dental professionals can be able to select and apply the oral care method in agreement with the characteristics of the disabilities. Particularly, it is important to prevent the aspiration pneumonia in the elderly in hospital.
A clinical consideration of current dental zirconia CAD/CAM restorations
Authors: Lee Hae-Hyoung
Published: August 2024

Currently there is no dental ceramic material can be used in all dental situations need to be restored. However, in view of recent clinical reports, the most viable alternative is zirconia ceramic. Clinical success of dental zirconia restorations strongly depends on proper selection of materials, accurate laboratory procedure and final cementation, which can be achievable with the correct understanding of zirconia. As dental materials, zirconia ceramics have a very bright future, because they are being used increasingly in the anterior region as implant fixtures, as well as crown and bridge restorations and implant abutments. Many dental ceramics showing poor clinical performance have been gone from the dental market. However, in terms of outstanding mechanical properties and esthetic nature, new dental materials can replace zirconia ceramics will not be available in the foreseeable future.
An anatomic study of the zygomaticus major and minor muscles
Authors: Choi Da-Yae , Hu Kyung-Seok , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to clarify the arrangement of the zygomaticus major muscle, and to describe morphology of zygomaticus minor muscle. After a detailed dissection, the zygomaticus muscles were observed in 66 embalmed cadavers. It was found that the insertion of zygomaticus major was divided into superficial and deep bands(42/70, 60%). Zygomaticus minor was inserted not only upper lip also alar portion(5/54, 9.2%). The arrangement and insertion patterns of the zygomaticus muscles in this study are expected to provide critical information for understanding or smile pattern and treatment or fold.
3D simulation and CAD/CAM in orthognathic surgery
Authors: Jin ImGeun , Yang HoonJoo , Kim DeaSeung , Yi Won Jin , Hwang Soon Jung
Published: August 2024

We describes the process of 3D virtual treatment planning and of CAD/CAM for surgical splint in orthognathic surgery. The potential benefits and disadvantages of 3D virtual approach and the use of CAD/CAM system for the treatment of the patient with a maxillofacial deformity are discussed. For the more convenient applications,3D software should be improved.
Cognition of registered nurse on emergency treatment for oral and maxillofacial injury in Jeju province
Authors: Lee Byoung-Jin , Song Hyo-Jeong , Lim Gil-Chai , Kahm Se-Hoon , Kim Sung-Joon
Published: August 2024

The purposes of this work were to assess the cognition of the registered nurse(RN) on oral and maxillofacial emergency treatment and to compare cognition of the RN with that of the 119 emergency medical technician(EMT). 450 RNs who were working at each of secondary hospitals in Jeju province had responded to the questionnaire. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used to assess the state of RN on dental emergency treatment and to compare RN with EMT. The question 'education time on dentistry in formal education' that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 73.3% and 20.0%, respectively. The question 'refresher training class on dentistry' that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 92.9% and 6.7%, aggregately 99.6%. The results showed low score in the question 'reduction of temporo-mandibular joint(TMJ)'(1.67pm0.857), 'fixation of dislocated TMJ'(1.70pm0.853) and 'post-avulsed tooth treatment'(1.78pm0.774) by 5-point Likert scale. Likewise, the scores were 2.02pm0.806 in the question 'treatment of maxillofacial trauma', 2.76pm1.061 in the question 'emergent care of avulsed tooth', 2.70pm1.095 in the question 'treatment time of avulsed tooth' and 2.79pm1.056 in the question 'mouth guard', respectively. Compared to EMT, results of RN showed a statistically lower figure(p<0.05) in all items compared except the question 'medicine control', and the question 'doctor care in emergency room' was borderline(p=0.069). From this study, it is necessary for RN and student of nursing science to be educated on the oral and maxillofacial emergency treatment for the initial management of injuries. Authors suggest further co-study and nation-wide research with nursing care.
CBCT Imaging for Dental Implants
Authors: An Seo-Young
Published: August 2024

Various imaging modalities have been used for dental implant assessment in the different stages of implant treatment. Basic imaging, such as panoramic and periapical radiographs, are generally useful and cost-effective but do not provide the cross-sectional visualization or interactive image analysis that can be obtained with more sophisticated imaging techniques, such as Cone-Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) imaging. This article includes the applications of CBCT imaging and their diagnostic contribution to presurgical evaluation, treatment planning, and postoperative assessment of dental implants.
Bonding for dental ceramic
Authors: Seo Deog-Gyu
Published: August 2024

Recently, ceramic materials have become a popular choice for dentists performing esthetic indirect restorations. The longevity and success of ceramic dental restorations depends on the adhesive procedures of resin cements. However, dental ceramics can be classified in various ways, depending on the compositions. Also, the applications for resin cement require multiple clinical steps. Therefore, understanding the different ceramic substrates involved in each procedure, as well as the proper adhesive steps for the resin cements is important to us for long-term clinical success.
Recognition on national health insurance coverage and the actual condition of denture among the elderly at senior welfare centers in Seoul
Authors: Han Sun-Young , Kim Cheoul-Sin
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the recognition on the national health insurance and the actual condition of denture among the elderly in Seoul city. This survey was performed on 710 of the elderly aged over 60 years and visited the senior welfare centers. The recognition of the elderly on the national health insurance of denture was 61.7%, but there was a low recognition on the details. The elderly had started using dentures from 66.24 years old. The average used period of the past denture was 7.09 years. In conclusions, the provider is required to promote the insurance coverage of denture to increase the coefficient of utilization of the elderly. Also, further studies for the extending coverage of the details are needed.
Minimally Invasive Approach with Composite Resin
Authors: Jang Hui-Seon
Published: August 2024

Crown fractures are relatively common trauma to anterior teeth, and should be restored immediately in most cases. For those who suffer from unfortunate traumatic episode, the best treatment option should be minimally invasive approach. In the presence of fractured tooth fragment, reattachment procedure creates positive emotional response in the patient and simplifies the procedure and maintenance of the patient's original tooth anatomy and occlusion. Without fractured tooth fragment, next conservative option could be direct composite restoration which is based on minimal invasion concept. This article proposes simple and very conservative techniques that anyone can do in daily practice.
The importance of SPT(Supportive Periodontal Therapy) for prevention of peri-implant disease
Authors: Park Su Jung
Published: August 2024

During the past decade, the use of osseointegrated implants as a foundation for prosthetic replacement of missing teeth has become highly predictable and successful. SPT(Supportive Periodontal Therapy) identified as regular visits to the therapist for periodontal control and maintenance in a well-organized scheme, the number of appointments per year following a pre-designed subject-tooth/implant-site risk assessment method. Peri-implant disease was a frequent finding in subjects having natural healthy dentition and in subjects without periodontitis. Supportive periodontal program were found to be strongly related to implant survival. This study demonstrates that regular maintenance reduces the risk for peri-implant inflammation significantly as compared with irregular maintenance. This underlines the value of the SPT in enhancing the long-term outcomes of implant therapy, particularly in subjects affected by periodontitis, in order to control reinfection and limit biological complications. It is highly recommended to maintain implant patients under a strict supportive periodontal treatment protocol that might contribute to implant survival, and regular maintenance reduces the risk for periimplant inflammation significantly as compared with irregular maintenance. Ideally, patients may be informed on the beneficial effect of a regular patient-related post-therapy care before implant insertion.
Etiological risk factors of peri-implantitis : a literature review
Authors: Hwang Jae Ho
Published: August 2024

Because the implant is regarded as a common treatment. It is clinically important that systemic and local risk factor of threatening peri implant mucosa should be considered during the process. The most risk factors are detected in clinical diagnosis, but it might be difficult and not clear to recognize systemic or combined factors. This article reviews risk factors of peri-implantitis. Local factors are biomechanics, periodontal soft tissue characteristics, infected site and oral hygiene. Systemic factors are alcohol, smoking and genetic traits.
How can improve the insufficient success rate at immediate loading?
Authors: Jun Sang-Ho , Ahn Jin-Soo , Ryu Jae-Jun , Kwon Jong-Jin
Published: August 2024

A titanium based screw shaped dental implant was first introduced by Branemark and a treatment protocol where the restoration of edentulous area by connecting abutment after the osseointegration of the titanium surface of the implant and surrounding bone structure has been proposed. Although this protocol is widely accepted as a standard up to date, the healing duration of 3-6 months as well as the need for provisional prostheses during this period present as a major drawback. Immediate loading has been accomplished through the advent of various implant designs, enforced surface treatments, diverse forms of abutment, and delicate surgical techniques together with the increase in demand from the patients. The success rate of the immediate loading technique has been first reported as 85.7% by Dr. Schnitman in 1990 which recently has been reported up to 100% in the case of immediate loading in single tooth by Dr. Kan. To ameliorate the success rate of immediate loading technique, selection of patients presenting a sound bone quality and quantity, acquiring primary stability through delicate surgical techniques and fabrication of prostheses which accounts for biological stabilities should all be taken into consideration. This presentation introduces the understanding of biological stability of immediate loading, various methods for measurement of stability and clinical cases regarding immediate loading technique.
Mandibular Symphysis Transverse Widening
Authors: Oh Sung-Hwan
Published: August 2024

The most common orthodontic methods of treating mandibular transverse deficiencies is extractions, interdental stripping, and other dento-alveolar compensation but it can not addressesd about skeletal problem This study assessed the treatment outcomes after surgically assisted rapid tooth orthodontics using the symphysis osteotomy and dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis technique. The applications of distraction osteogenesis in mandibular widening, by symphysis osteotomy, has emerged as a definitive, predictable and better stability. The most important factors in mandibular widening is performed with simple surgical technique and devices. As a results, these techniques are very useful and effective in cases of difficult tooth movement in adult orthodontics transverse problems There were few intraoperative or postoperative complications and were not clinically significant.
Change of arch dimension using two different expansion modalities in adults-MARPE and continuous archwire: a pilot study
Authors: Koo Yun-Jin , Choi Tae-Hyun , Jang Ji-Sung , Lee Kee-Joon
Published: August 2024

Considering the high prevalence, transverse control in adult patients presenting relatively narrow maxillary width is a challenging issue. This study compared the pattern of arch expansion induced by either miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) or continuous archwire engaged on self-ligating brackets. Age-matched adults groups(N=15 each) were treated with respective appliance. In both groups, all intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths increased, and significantly greater change was noted in the intermolar region. Buccal tipping was minimal in both groups. Subsequent arch length increase, lingual tipping of incisors and distal tipping of molars were also found in both groups. According to the results, it can be concluded that the MARPE induced generally more arch expansion, particularly in the intermolar width, indicating that the adults showing buccal crossbite of the molars may have to undergo expansion via MARPE prior to arch alignment using continuous archwire.
Intravenous Sedation for Dental Procedure
Authors: Kim Cheul Hong , Yoon Ji Young
Published: August 2024

Apprehension and phobia regarding dental procedures are represent the most common deterrents in patients seeking dental care and very common. For these individuals, and others who cannot cooperate during care, procedural sedation may permit completion of intraoral procedures. In most cases, the level of sedation may be kept at minimal to moderate levels permitting patient maintenance of their airway patency and ventilation. Unlike many medical procedures, the majority of dental procedures, no matter the depth of sedation, are performed in the presence of complete analgesia provided by local anesthesia. Therefore, the goal of procedural sedation is to primarily suppress patient fear and apprehension and gain cooperation. Any issues regarding actual pain are usually limited to that produced by the local anesthetic injections or, rarely, the extent of the procedure. For the extremely phobic patient, however, allaying apprehension may be very challenging. Intravenous titration of sedative drugs is the most effective route of administration to achieve this goal but requires advanced training beyond that provided in undergraduate training.
The Relationship between Oral Disease and Respiratory Disease in the Elderly
Authors: Jeong Jin-Seok , Heo Seok-Mo
Published: August 2024

Recently, several researches indicated the relationship between oral condition and respiratory disease such as pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory disease is known as common chronic disease in the elderly increasing mortality and morbidity. In this study, we have reviewed the association between oral disease and respiratory disease in the elderly. The related data were searched and collected from abroad and domestic studies. The studies included the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), longitudinal, cohort, case-control, and systematic review studies. With the data from the studies, we concluded that poor oral hygiene or periodontal disease can influence the pneumonia in the elderly. Further studies will be needed to investigate the association between oral disease and COPD.
The review and treatment regarding on association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Lee Hyo-Jung
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews a current view regarding the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD). Many evidences have suggested that there exist biological mechanisms by which periodontitis can lead to ACVD. Periodontal infection can lead to direct bacterial invasion into endothelial tissues through the blood stream, then the bacteria can activate the host inflammatory response followed by atheroma formation, maturation and exacerbation. Also, chronic periodontal infections may indirectly induce endothelial activation or dysfunction through a state of systemic inflammation as evidenced by elevated plasma acute proteins, IL-6 and fibrinogen as well. There is moderate evidence that periodontal treatment can reduce systemic inflammation and improvement of both clinical surrogate markers. But there is no periodontal intervention study available on primary ACVD prevention. There is consistent and strong epidemiologic evidence, including in vitro, animal and clinical studies, that periodontitis imparts increased risk for future ACVD. However, evidences from intervention trials to date are not sufficient to confirm the multi directional causality of periodontitis in ACVD etiology. Well-designed intervention trials on the impact of periodontal treatment on the prevention of ACVD outcomes are needed.
Chewing difficulty and multiple chronic conditions in Korean elders: KNHANES IV
Authors: Han Dong-Hun
Published: August 2024

To assess the association between oral health and general health, this study examined the relationship between chewing difficulty and twelve chronic health conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cerebro- and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, respiratory disease, eye/nose/throat disease, stomach/intestinal ulcer, renal dysfunction, thyroid disease, depression, and cancer in Korea. The study population was 3,066 elders aged 65 years old and more from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chewing difficulty was measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Chronic conditions were assessed by self-reported questionnaire. Confounders were age, gender, education, income, smoking, drinking, and obesity. Chi-square test, general linear model, and multiple logistic regression model were done with complex sampling design. Musculoskeletal disease (adjusted odds ratio=1.33), respiratory disease (adjusted odds ratio=1.52), and cancer (adjusted odds ratio=1.58) were independently associated with chewing difficulty. Multiple chronic conditions with more than 4 chronic disease showed significant association with chewing difficulty (adjusted odds ratio=1.37).
Current Orthodontic Treatment using CAD/CAM technology: from orthodontic diagnosis to indirect bonding procedure
Authors: Cha Jung-Yul
Published: August 2024

Computerized 3D virtual dental models are currently available, and their use has started to improve treatment outcomes. The accuracy of digital models has been demonstrated by many studies and various intra-oral scanners are innovated for short scanning time and high precision. Recently, a digital model was combined with a high technology computer-driven system, which was developed for the application of a digital set-up and indirect bonding of lingual attachments. In this section, virtual treatment planning using a virtual set-up program is be introduced, and the clinical applications and accuracy of computer-generated indirect bonding are discussed.
Facial asymmetry: Critical element of clinical successful treatment
Authors: Hong Jongrak
Published: August 2024

The facial asymmetries include maxillary, mandibular, and chin asymmetries, although the most common deformity is primarily in the mandible. Common causes of this type of asymmetry can include asymmetric growth of the condyle or the mandible. In these patients, the location of the Me would be deviated to the shorter side because of the asymmetric growth of the mandible, and, commonly, the maxillary occlusal plane would be tilted toward the deviated side because the maxilla likely grows asymmetrically according to the pattern of asymmetric mandibular growth. Three-dimensional CT images are ideal for evaluating the size and location of anatomic structures, and such reconstructed images allow the use of software that can show anatomic structures from numerous angles, allowing actual measurements of distances and angles without problems of magnification, distortion, or superimposition caused by 2-dimensional imaging. In the present study using 3D-CT imaging, the 8 parameters, including measurements of the upper midline deviation, maxillary canting in the canine and first molar regions, width of the upper arch, width of the mandible at the Go, vertical length of the ramus, inclination of the ramus, and deviation of the Me were easily measured. The dentition should be orthodontically decompensated and dental midline should ensure incisor midlines positioned in the midline of each jaw before surgical correction. Surgical correction could be considered such as canting or yawing correction in the frontal or horizontal aspect, respectively.
The Professionalism and Enlightenment of Pierre Fauchard, a scholar of 18th century
Authors: Lee Jue-Yeon
Published: August 2024

This literature considers Pierre Fauchard's exploits under historical context of the enlightenment movement and development of the surgery during 18th century in France. <치과의사 Le Chirurgien Dentiste, ou Traite des dents>, a vast collection of the former and contemporary dental knowledge, technologies, and skills, established Modern Dentistry. To emphasize the professionality of dental treatment and actions involving it, Fauchard replaces the title 'dental expert' with 'stomatologist, or Le Chirurgien Dentiste' As professionalism tried to contribute to the public interest by sharing dental knowledge and technolgies, it had become a model for the dentists. Moreover, the professionalism has been accepted as an important value throughout the manufacture crafts era and the modern capitalist industrial society. Also the principles of liberty, equality, and tolerance founded during enlightenment movement, which is based on empirical positivism and rational reason, has become the legal basis of modern nations. In order to resolve the contradiction or conflict between 'liberty and equality' by 'tolerance for the public benefit', Korean dentists need develop professionalism.
The hypersensitivity and the pain of teeth after conservative treatment
Authors: Kim Miri
Published: August 2024

Many patients have been suffering the continued hypersensitivity and pain of teeth after operative or endodontic treatment. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the causes of the pain and the hypersensitivity of teeth, and to resolve conflicts between dentists and patients. The secondary aim of this paper is to prevent medical disputes. Evidence-based dentistry and making a good relationship with patients will reduce disputes on dental treatment.