bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
George Joseph Bell (1770–1843): ostatni szkocki pisarz instytucjonalny
Authors: Szymura Mateusz
Published: October 2022

The subject of the article is the figure of George Joseph Bell — professor of Scottish law at the University of Edinburgh and author of two final Scottish institutional works: Principles of the Law of Scotland and Commentaries on the Law of Scotland and on the Principles of Mercantile Jurisprudence. The publication of both works in the first half of the nineteenth century marks a unique caesura in the history of Scottish law — both the level of complexity of the legal system and the significant convergence of Scottish law and solutions known to English law resulted in a lack of both need and opportunity for a comprehensive treatment of the Scottish law system in the form of a holistic legal treatise. G.J. Bell’s unfulfilled dream of becoming a judge of the Court of Session enabled him to refine his monograph on insolvency law to the level of just such a treatise, which consequently acquired the status of an institutional work and secured for the author a place in the history of Scottish law which is not given to every judge of even the highest of courts.
Projekt ustawy o unifikacji prawa w Polsce na tle powojennych koncepcji unifikacyjnych
Authors: Wilk Karol
Published: October 2022

Post-war Poland as a result of border changes and the resettlement of millions of citizens from the so-called Eastern Borderlands found itself in a complicated legal situation. The new reality forced the communist authorities to take urgent measures to standardize the various legal systems functioning in the interwar period and resulting from the partitions. As part of the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland of 12 June 1945, activities aimed at the unification of the law were initiated. Complex issues, post-war difficulties and the imposition of very short deadlines were associated with organizational difficulties and, consequently, the necessity to extend the time for the implementation of the unification process by the Ministry of Justice assigned to this task. In the course of the work, other concepts of unifying the law in post-war Poland also appeared. An interesting, and at the same time little-known, alternative proposal in this regard was the Draft Act on the Unification of Law by the Ministry of Administration, aimed at a rapid general unification of the block method. The ministry’s postulates were the subject of arrangements and inter-ministerial conference as well as discussions in the contemporary literature. The final content of the draft as a result of a vote was not adopted by the other ministries. The project was deemed inadequate to the stage of work at that time and it was decided to maintain the current method of detailed unification. As a result, the civil law was unified on the basis of a dozen or so decrees. The Ministry of Justice also adopted decrees unifying court proceedings in civil cases, decrees partly in the field of administrative law and additional decrees. On the occasion of the success of the completion of unification works, on 13 December 1946, a nationwide academy was held with the participation of the highest state authorities. From 1 January 1947, uniform civil law was in force throughout Poland.
Ficha Técnica AMP32(7-8) - Julho-Agosto 2019
Authors: Editorial2 Departamento
Published: October 2022

N/a.
Ficha Técnica AMP32(10) - Outubro 2019
Authors: De Sousa Carla
Published: October 2022

N/a.
Ex-Libris
Authors: Oliveira Hanna Sandy de , Cavalcante Lidia Eugenia
Published: October 2022

Introdução: O presente trabalho trata-se de uma revisão integrativa sobre estudos atuais do ex-libris, marca de proveniência e propriedade de livros que representam, por meio de imagem e/ou inscrições, os donos desses dispositivos. Objetivo: Apresentar revisão integrativa sobre estudos atuais do ex-libris. Metodologia: No que concerne a esse tipo de pesquisa bibliográfica, apresenta a verificação e análise de estudos realizados acerca do ex-libris em periódicos brasileiros e internacionais, entre 2015 e 2022, utilizando documentos provenientes de revistas indexadas no Portal de Periódicos, da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) e no buscador Google Acadêmico. Resultados: A busca nas bases resultou em 14 artigos científicos que atenderam a todos os critérios estabelecidos. Apresentamos os resultados da busca na íntegra para melhor visualização dos dados que virão a ser discutidos. Conclusão: Conclui que o ex-libris é um objeto de pesquisa com possibilidades multidisciplinares, relacionando diferentes campos do conhecimento, inclusive para fins pedagógicos. Os resultados também demonstram a relevante presença do Brasil em estudos atuais sobre essa temática, entretanto, a escassa quantidade de documentos recuperados reflete, ainda, a limitação da produção científica sobre esse objeto.
Comparing the Sensitivity and Specificity of Wilson-Sims Fall Risk Assessment Tool, Clinical Judgment and Morse Fall Scale in the Assessment of Fall Risk among Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Jamaluddin Ruzita , Yit Tyse Ooi , Izwani Mohd Nazli Aimi , Syakirah Ab Rahman Munirah , Ru Min Sim
Published: October 2022

Effective fall risk assessment tool is important for preventive measures to be instituted among psychiatric inpatients. Our study aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of Wilson-Sims Fall Risk Assessment Tool (WSFRAT), clinical judgment and Morse Fall Scale (MFS) in the assessment of the risk of fall among psychiatric inpatients. All psychiatric inpatients who were admitted to psychiatric ward of Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Malaysia from April 1st, 2019, till December 31st, 2020 were assessed for their risk of fall using WSFRAT, clinical judgment and MFS. The frequency and characteristics of actual fall event during period of hospitalization was documented. The study included a total of 400 psychiatric inpatients. Clinical judgment stratified 17 patients as high risk of fall (Mean age: 50.9 ± 12.13 years old, male predominance at 76.5 % and otherwise physically healthy), among which, five actually fell. Among these, four were considered as high risk by WSFRAT and two by MFS. The WSFRAT demonstrated higher sensitivity of fall detection as compared to MFS (60 % vs. 40 %), while the sensitivity of clinical judgment alone without specific fall risks tools was 80 % and a specificity of 96.7 %. Clinical judgement is derived from a comprehensive psychiatric assessment. The value of any objective assessment tool proved to be superior when an element of clinical judgement is concurrently added.
Acute Mescaline Intoxication Followed by Catatonia
Authors: Duraković Din , Silić Ante , Peitl Vjekoslav , Vlahović Darko , Vojnović Daniela , Karlović Dalibor
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with a case report of a 41-year-old man who in search of the meaning of life in a so-called “shamanic ritual” drank tea made from the San Pedro cactus as well as paste made of the same plant. The hallucinations were post poned and started after 9.5 hours caracterised by a psychotic reaction with symptoms of catatonia. He was admitted to our Department of Psychiatry where he was administered a second generation antipsychotic. The clinical presentation disappeared about 60 hours after the ingestion of mescaline mainly because of the antagonistic effect the antipsychotic has on the serotoninergic 5-HT2A receptors.
The Tempest: a Reflection in Pandemic Loneliness
Authors: Tze Ping Pang Nicholas
Published: October 2022

“The Tempest” is one of Shakespeare’s great late-period plays focusing on isolation. This article examines a viewing during Covid-19 lockdown of “The Tempest” as a reflection on the stressors and difficulties of medical professionals facing Covid-19, both at work and in society. It discusses the difficulties of adapting to the new normal, the physical and psychological isolation of tending to patients with Covid-19, stigma associated with Covid-19, and the effects of burnout on healthcare professionals, through reflections on various pertinent segments of the play. The reflection also focuses on the crucial role of leadership styles and organisational management in dealing with Covid-19 through the conceit of a viewing of “The Tempest”. In conclusion, the article reminds the readers that like all tempests, Covid-19 will end too.
Pelatihan Self-Regulation, Assertiveness, Dan Time Management Dengan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Samin Untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar
Authors: Rodiyah Rodiyah , Auly Adenia Elfriska
Published: October 2022

The covid-19 pandemic requires students to take Distance Learning (PJJ). So that demands to be able to adapt and have self-regulated learning. SAT (Self-Regulation, Assertiveness, and Time Management) training aims to increase the learning independence of students with a Samin cultural background. The subjects used were 14 junior high school students in Tanduran Hamlet, Kemantren Village, Kedungtuban District, Blora Regency. The method used is a quasi experiment with pre-experimental research design type one group pretest and posttest design. The measuring tool used is the scale of learning independence. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in students' learning independence scores after participating in the SAT training with the local wisdom of the Samin community. SAT training with local wisdom of the Samin community is quite effective in increasing students' learning independence.
Efektivitas Media Flashcard Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Kosakata Bahasa Inggris Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mariana Hesti Rina , Nuryanti Lusi
Published: October 2022

English writing skill in elementary schools show a lot of errors. Flashcard is used to improve English vocabulary writing skill. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of flashcard on English vocabulary writing skill of elementary school students. The study was conducted with a pre-experimental design type one group pretest - posttest design. The participants were third grade students, totaling 21 people. The data collection instrument was an English test. The study used pre-test and post-test. The data was processed by Paired t-test. It showed an increase in English test scores. English vocabulary writing errors decreased after the use of flashcard media. The results showed that flashcard media was effective in improving English vocabulary writing skills for elementary school students.
Acid mine drainage treatment using chicken eggshell waste
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Martínez-Castrejón Mariana , Ramirez-Nava Jonathan ,   Unidad Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra,Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, López-Díaz Jazmin Alaide ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Talavera-Mendoza Oscar ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, García-Mesino Rocío Lley ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Salgado-Souto Sergio Adrián ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ramírez-Guzmán Alejandro Hermelindo ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Sarmiento-Villagrana Alicia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Hernández-Flores Giovanni ,   CONACYT - Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero
Published: October 2022

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a source of soil and water resources pollution. Calcite is a mineral constituted of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The AMD interaction with calcite drives their natural neutralization. Calcite is the main component of the chicken eggshell (ES). This work aimed to evaluate the use of ES waste as a material to treat raw AMD. Five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) were carried out with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ES g/L AMD, respectively. Each treatment was performed for 3 h at room temperature without agitation. The response variables analyzed were pH, redox potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (σ), chlorides (Cl–), alkalinity, sulfates (SO42–), nitrates (NO3–, and potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids (PTHMM). Also, the removal efficiencies of SO42–, NO3–, and PTHMM were analyzed. Additionally, the chemical and mineralogical composition of ES and precipitates were determined. The initial pH for AMD was 2.50 and it reached a final value of 5.50, 5.60, 5.80, 5.93, and 6.12 in T1, T2, T3, T4 and, T5, respectively. Moreover, the different treatments granted alkalinity to the treated effluents, reaching a maximum value of 124 CaCO3 mg/L in T5. Finally, Al and Fe were completely removed from AMD, whereas Cu reached > 95 % removal, especially in T3, T4, and T5. Ba, Cr, and Pb showed an average removal of ~65 %. The ES concentration that showed the best results of neutralization and PTHMM removal efficiency was 5 ES g/L. The results showed that ES is a biocompatible waste material with an added value because it can be used as a sustainable material to treat raw AMD.
Antipsychotics in the Management of Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents: An Update and Critical Review
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: October 2022

Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) in childhood, such as conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are characterized by high levels of irritability and aggression. Though psychological management is considered the first-line approach for these disorders, many children and adolescents require adjunctive pharmacotherapy for the control of specific symptoms. Several prior systematic reviews have examined the evidence for the use of antipsychotics in the symptomatic management of DBDs, but have concluded that their efficacy is marginal and limited by significant adverse effects. This paper updates existing reviews of this field by reviewing clinical trials of antipsychotics in children and adolescents with DBDs published in the period 2-1-2017 to 2-10-2022. The PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were searched for relevant citations. Six relevant trials were identified during this period. These trials were critically evaluated in terms of outcome measures, efficacy and safety. Overall, the data from these trials suggests that certain atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone and clozapine, are effective in the short-term management of aggression in DBDs. They have no apparent effect on cognition, but are associated with significant metabolic adverse effects. The results of these trials, and of the earlier systematic reviews, are discussed in the light of global trends towards increasing off-label prescription of antipsychotic medication in children and adolescents, and of recent literature on the neuropharmacology of aggression in this patient population. The need for rational, short-term use of these drugs is highlighted, as well as the importance of post-marketing surveillance for long-term or severe adverse events.
Lightweight and Secure IoT-based Payment Protocols from an Identity-Based Signature Scheme
Authors: Wahaballa Abubaker
Published: October 2022

After the great success of Mobile wallet, the Internet of Things (IoT) leaves the door wide open for consumers to use their connected devices to access their bank accounts and perform routine banking activities from anywhere, anytime and with any device. However, consumers need to feel safe when interacting with IoT-based payment systems, and their personal information should be protected as much as possible. Unlike as usually done in the literature, in this paper, we introduce two lightweight and secure IoT-based payment protocols based on an identity-based signature scheme. We adopt a server-aided verification technique to construct the first scheme. This technique allows to outsource the heavy computation overhead on the sensor node to a cloud server while maintaining the user's privacy. The second scheme is built upon a pairing-free ECC-based security protocol to avoid the heavy computational complexity of bilinear pairing operations. The security reduction results of both schemes are held in the Random Oracle Model (ROM) under the discrete logarithm and computational Diffie-Hellman assumptions. Finally, we experimentally compare the proposed schemes against each other and against the original scheme on the most commonly used IoT devices: a smartphone, a smartwatch and the embedded device Raspberry Pi. Compared with existing schemes, our proposed schemes achieve significant efficiency in the term of communication and computational overheads
Fundamental Cause of Bio-Chirality - Space-Time Symmetry: Concept Review
Authors: Dyakin Victor Vasilyevich
Published: October 2022

The search for fundamental determinants of bio-molecular chirality is a hot topic in biology, clarifying the meaning of evolution and the enigma of life's origin. Non-biological and biological entities obey the universal laws of nature grounded on space-time symmetry (STS) transformations. The fabric of STS is the immense subject of our review. The symmetry, encompassing behavior of elementary particles and galaxy structure, imposes its fundamental laws on all hierarchical levels of the biological world. Objects across spatial scales may be classified as chiral or achiral concerning a specific space-related symmetry transformation - mirror reflection. Chirality as a symmetry element reflecting the property of asymmetry (or dissymmetry) is the critical structural feature of natural systems, including sub-atomic particles and living matter. The inheritance of molecular symmetry from the symmetry of elementary particles points to the bi-directional causal pathway of prevalent bio-chirality. We assume that both extremities of spatial dimension naturally influence this transitional state of biological matter. The current review promotes an integrative holistic approach to the new experimental results in fast-developing and divergent branches of STS and biological chirality. The generalized view on biological chirality is a necessary and promising avenue for adequately understanding the link between protein folding, cell morphology, neuronal signaling, and laterality of cognitive functions.
Techno-economic Assessment Of An Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) Biorefinery In The Context Of Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Mouzakitis Yannis , Adamides Emmanuel D.
Published: October 2022

The concept of biorefinery constitutes a significant contributing factor to the emerging transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy. In such a context, replacing oil and petrochemicals by biomass may involve several feedstocks, platforms, processes, technologies, as well as final products. This paper concentrates in the complex process of transferring the concept of biorefinery from laboratory to industry, and sheds light on the techno-economic, and complexity management dimensions involved in this endeavor. Towards this end, adopting a systems perspective, the paper presents a structured and comprehensive framework, comprising of the definition of the transformation process, business model development, technoeconomic assessment and strategic positioning and viability assessment, which may be employed to facilitate the engineering at-large and launch of a biorefining venture in a circular bioeconomy context. The framework is applied in the context of a biorefinery plant in a specific region in Southern Greece, which is based on the valorisation of olive mill wastewater (a ‘strong’ and quite common industrial waste in Mediterranean Basin), and produces biopolymers (PHAs) and bioenergy (H2).
Cell Death as a Barrier against CIN and Aneuploidy
Authors: Weiss Johannes , Villunger Andreas , Gallob Filip , Rieder Patricia
Published: October 2022

Aneuploidy describes the gain or loss of entire chromosomes or chromosome arms. Already more than 100 years ago, aneuploidy was described to be featured in cancer and it is known today to be present in 68-90 % of cancers, depending on tumour entity. Aneuploidy is implicated to affect cancer growth, therapy response and frequently affects prognosis. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is recognized as the main cause of aneuploidy and is characterised as the fluent process of gaining or losing chromosomes. Chromosomally instable cells need to be kept in check, or cleared, to prohibit the sampling of aneuploid karyotypes able to drive tumorigenesis. Of note, even aneuploid cancer cells often show CIN, a feature that promotes therapy related drug-resistance. Here, we review how CIN can be prevented or limited to spread by the induction of cell death and the relevance of different p53 responses triggered in response to mitotic perturbations to prohibit the formation of cancer driving aneuploidies.
In Vitro Multiplication of Lophostemon suaveolens (Sol.ex Gaertn.) Peter G.Wilson & J.T. Waterh): Peatland Tree Species for Rehabilitations
Authors: Putri Asri Insiana , Kartikawati Noor Khomsah , Nirsatmanto Arif , Sunarti Sri , Haryjanto Liliek , Herawan Toni , Santosa Purwanto Budi , Wahyuningtyas Reni Setyo , Lestari Fajar , Rimbawanto Anto
Published: October 2022

Peatlands in Indonesia are one of the world's largest carbon sinks, helping to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change. Lophostemon suaveolens is a plant found in Papua's endemic peat ecosystem that grows well in wet areas with low fertility. It is geographically dispersed and has the potential for peatland re-habilitation. We present an efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro multiplication of plantlets using nodal segments and shoot apices collected from plantlets. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was sup-plemented with single and double kinds of PGRs (BAP and NAA). The concentration used in this study is based on the best findings of earlier preliminary research on single PGR treatment (0.5 ml/l BAP and 0.1 ml/l NAA) for the initiation stage. After 3 months of in vitro axillary shoot initiation, elongated shoots from plant-lets were separated from the clumps and multiplied. Until 6 months incubation, the potential multiplication of axillary shoots was determined by counting the number of nodule multiplication coefficients (NMC), shoot length, root length, and number of leaves (6 successive subculture). The highest average per plantlet of NMC (8.4 0.13) was observed in MS medium with a combination of 0.5 ml/l BAP and 0.1 ml/l NAA (double PGRs), with the longest shoots (5.91 0.17 cm), the longest root length (8.83 0.69 cm), and the most leaves (32 0.69). They were cultured in a pH 5 environment with a light photoperiod (40 mol/m2/s intensity) for 16 hours. When BAP and NAA were used together after acclimatization, seedling survival was highest. This is the first report of L. suaveolens in vitro multiplication, and the protocol could be used to propagate this peatland species on a large scale.
Using Various Analysis Center Products to Assess the Time-Frequency Transfer Performance of GPS/Galileo/BDS PPPAR Methods
Authors: OuYang Mingjun , Zhu Xiangwei , Yi Ruite , Lyu Daqian
Published: October 2022

These days, numerous organizations and Analysis Centers (AC) offer various Ambiguity Resolution (AR) products using various methodologies. To use it for time-frequency transfer, there is no associated study. This paper chooses 16 MGEX stations with external high-precision atomic clocks to constitute 15 international time comparison links and uses AR products data from CNES, SGG, CODE, and PRIDE laboratory, using three ambiguity-fixed strategies, to thoroughly evaluate the effects of various strategies and AR products for high-precision time-frequency transfer. We reach the following results by using the IGS final clock product as a reference and comparing it to ambiguity-float. With various ambiguity-fixed procedures, the time stability STD of time transfer is increased for a single GPS, and the improvement ranges from 10% to 40%. The frequency stability has barely improved; up to 40%, the most notable improvement comes from FCB with GRM products. The time stability STD of combinations has improved after the addition of the Galileo system compared to the single GPS, and the improvement ranges from 2% to 9%. Most strategies have improved, while a few techniques have weakened with the GEC (GPS+Galileo+BDS) combination. We feel that the stability has not significantly increased with the system's increase within short-term stability after comparing multiple groups of linkages.
Experimental Natural Frequency Analysis of Moderately Thick Plates Made of Glass/Polyester Composite and Carbon
Authors: Al Ali Musaddiq
Published: October 2022

The experimental verification for the computational method sometimes varies due to numerous factors such as the manufacturing process and the materials' property change due to environmental aspects. In this work, we performed verification of experimental and computational evaluation of a hybrid composite moderate thick plate. The experiment was performed with simplistic approaches and without the advanced tools of preparing composite materials. This is due to the fact that most of the students in many developing countries around the world cannot have access to such equipment. As such, in this research, we are presenting cheap and easy preparation methods, with some details, for even equipment calibration and some tricks to attain a reliable composite structure for educational purposes. Moreover, the software and solvers used in this study are freely provided by the supplier for educational purposes. This study examined two methods for producing carbon and glass/polyester composite plates and discussed which one was best based on mechanical properties for different volume fractions, random stacking sequences, and ply angles (using OCTAVE's random estimation program). It also determined the three natural frequencies experimentally and with the aid of ANSYS. Less than 6% separated the experimentally determined natural frequencies from the calculated results.
Disruptive Science and Sustainable Leadership for the Future of Colorants
Authors: Lorenzon Valentina , Faccio Greta
Published: October 2022

Many pigments and dyes are not only valuable molecules in manufacturing, but also pollutants. Science has certainly been producing sustainable alternatives to counter the issue of dyes, but this is not enough. There is also a need for change in the business attitude and leadership approach of the organizations that operate in the industry. Only through the successful combination of new technologies and forward-looking decision making, it will be possible to alter the status quo and deal with the multiple environmental and supply chain challenges that these businesses are and will be facing. With a focus on colorants, this critical review article will reflect on the importance of both a biotechnological approaches and sustainable leadership to achieve a sustainable, forward-looking fashion industry.
Electric Submersible Pump Setting Depth Optimization- A Field Case Study
Authors: Alqahtani Bader Abdullah , Alqahtani Mubarak Abdullah , Alqahtani Abdullah Mubarak
Published: October 2022

Well completion design consideration, in artificially-lifted wells, are typically governed by the philosophy of operators and dictated by the conditions and type of well and reservoir being produced. Fluid properties is also an important parameter to be considered in the design of the system. Typically, electric submersible pumps, ESP's are set close to the producing zone for different considerations of flow efficiency and well completion. This paper presents a field case study of optimizing ESP setting depth. The study was conducted on field actual case and considered the pump performance at different setting depth for certain well completion menu and different operational aspects of well integrity, etc. The main objective was to check the lowest setting point without jeopardizing ESP performance or violating well integrity/control mandates, and avoiding the potential vibration associated with multiphase flow. This is to reduce cost of cable, improve operating conditions without jeopardizing pump flow efficiency.

Flow simulation of multiphase flow through the ESP was conducted to examine the gas volume fraction and total dynamic head to evaluate performance at different setting depth. Flow simulations are presented for the case study. Results indicated that fluid properties, completion design, production practices dictate the setting depth. Sensitivity runs were made for cases to cover the life cycle of the pump, including the changes water percentage, formation pressure, and flow different values pf productivity indices and pumping wellhead pressures.

Operation practice may not sometimes allow such setting to avoid exposure of fluid to the permanent casing. Simulation supported that the ESP depth , for the cases in study, could be set at much lower depth before it exhibit any degradation in performance and deviation from performance curve. Gas volume fraction was less than the limit of 15% by some manufacturer of ESP's for the pump to exhibit degradation in performance. The pump setting depth of the case was low enough, ±2000’, that would result in saving in pipe, cable, and may prolong the operation of the pump due to operating at lower temperature. Comprehensive approach to calculate performance of ESP at different depths and consider operational aspects, were conducted. Operational considerations included well performance, integrity, and reservoir monitoring, well control. Special calculation were made to check the gas volume fraction in pump stage that will impact performance. The approach was good to have an answer of the setting depth. Subsequently, cost saving in pipe, cable could be realized. Thermal effect on flow and performance could be considered to improve calculations.
The Measures of Enhancing Police Accountability Mechanisms in South Korea
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Lim Chang-Ho
Published: October 2022

It is true that South Korea’s police accountability mechanisms, unlike those of United States and United Kingdom, have been not systematically established and that academic research on the police accountability mechanisms has been also very poor. The purpose of this study is first to analyze previous studies published recently in South Korea and foreign countries on the police accountability mechanisms, second to summarize the police accountability mechanisms of western countries, third to explain six types of the police accountability mechanisms of South Korea and, fourth to suggest the measures for improving the police accountability mechanisms of South Korea. In particular, this study presented six types of police accountability mechanisms in South Korea: legal, political, administrative, societal, communal, and judicial. In order to improve the police accountability system in South Korea, the measures to strengthen the internal police accountability mechanisms and strengthen the external police accountability mechanisms have been proposed. First, in order to strengthen the internal police accountability mechanisms, it is necessary to strengthen the performance evaluation of the police department, introduce the early warning system, strengthen the education and training of police officers, and operate the existing internal police accountability mechanisms more systematically. Second, in order to strengthen the external police accountability mechanisms, it is necessary to activate the police supervision system, activate the police ombudsman system of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, establish the police accountability mechanisms step by step, and promote research on the police accountability mechanisms.
Spatial distribution of heavy metals and Ecological Risk Assessment for the main sub-branches (Rayahs) sediments of Nile River, Egypt
Authors: Sayed Seliem M. El , Salem Salem G. , Abdo Mohamed H. , Ali Mohamed H.H. , Goher Mohamed E.
Published: October 2022

Sediments act as a sink or source of pollution under various conditions. Moreover, they can serve as pollution indicators. The present research aims to evaluate sediment quality associated with its content in heavy metals and the potential ecological risk, focusing on the sub-branches of Nile River (Rayahs) in Egypt, including El-Tawfiky (RT), El-Menoufy (RM), El-Behary (RB), and El-Nassery (RN). According to the results, El-Rayahs sediments are characterized by an increasing sand fraction, followed by mud. Regarding heavy metals pollution, Cd registered the highest pollution ranking, whereas Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Ni exhibited the lowest effect. Furthermore, the ecological risk for El-Rayahs sediments increases northward; however, most sites either showed slight pollution or did not record any degree of contamination, except the northern stretch of El-Behery (El-Mahmoudia Canal), which is a very high-polluted zone, with high ecological risk according to the contamination degree (Cd) and potential ecological risk (RI) indices.
Antimicrobial efficacy and cryogenic conservation of Solanum villosum grown under in vitro environment
Authors: Shibli Rida A. , Al-Qudah Tamara , Zatimeh Ahmad , Tahtamouni Reham , Mallouh Saida Abu
Published: October 2022

Solanum villosum is a wild distinguished medicinal herb that has few studies describing its medicinal properties with no sustainable production and conservation studies. In this study, in vitro cultures of microshoots and callus of Solanum villosum were multiplied in vitro on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with different growth regulators. The MS media that have 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin at the levels of (2.0, 1.2 mg/L; respectively) were used for the induction and multiplication of callus that yielded the highest fresh weight of (6.03 ± 0.15) g. Cryopreservation was applied successfully to seeds using the dehydration technique and for both microshoots and callus using v-cryoplate technique. The highest regrowth rate was obtained in callus (95 ± 0.13) after pre-culturing callus on 0.3 M sucrose for 5 days. The most inhibited bacteria strains by microshoots extracts were, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis (30 ± 0.25 and 25 ± 0.17 mm; respectively) using the disk diffusion assay. In MIC method; The extract obtained from microshoots achieved best results of MIC values (9.77 and 39.06 (µg/ml) against (Micrococcus luteus and Klebsiella pneumonia; respectively). A sustainable protocol of callus culture and cryopreservation protocol for in vitro Solanum villosum has been set for the first time which makes this research novel. Furthermore, promising results of antimicrobial activity for both in vitro and wild Solanum villosum were obtained.
Improved Vulnerable Plaque Detection System using Virtual Histology-Intravascular Ultrasound Image Based on an Empirical Study
Authors: Rezaei Zahra , Abaei Golnoush
Published: October 2022

A life-threatening atherosclerosis plaque has been termed as Thin Cap Fibroatheroma (TCFA). Atherosclerotic plaque located between two borders recognized by Virtual Histology-Intravascular Ultrasound (VH-IVUS) images. In order to improve the reliability of plaque classification and TCFA detection, two approaches are suggested which are firstly based on the feature extraction technique and secondly by employing a set of ensemble classification techniques using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Radial Basis Function (RBF), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) as base classifiers. Plaque Burden Assessment by Local Search (PBALS) is proposed for extracting the plaque features. The geometric features are extracted from the plaque region and combined with IVUS features. In the classification part, different types of ensemble methods have been proposed and employed to identify the non-TCFA plaques from TCFA plaques with the expected reliability and robustness. 599 in-vivo IVUS along with their matching VH-IVUS images which are gathered from 10 patients are used for the experiment. According to the results, the combination of VH-IVUS with IVUS features performed better than standalone VH-IVUS features in terms of accuracy (22), sensitivity (17), and specificity (21) out of 23 different proposed methods. Furthermore, M2 model which only used 5 features (GFC3) with the combination of SVM, RFB, and ELM for the ensemble classifier performed well using either both VH-IVUS with IVUS features or single alone VH-IVUS features. Finally, prediction models which were built using HDCT-DWT features did not perform as well as the proposed set of features and ensemble prediction model.
Meat Quality, Some Blood Profiles and Cecum Microbial Load in Broiler Fed With Effective Microorganisms, Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Their Combination as Feed Additives
Authors: Kinati Chala , Ameha Negasi , Girma Meseret , Nurfeta Ajebu
Published: October 2022

A study was conducted to evaluate effect of feeding effective microorganisms (EM), turmeric (TP) and their combination (EM-TP) as natural feed additives on meat quality, some blood profiles and cecum bacterial load of broilers. A total of 192 chicks were assigned into one of four treatments control (CTL), 1ml/lit EM, 1% TP, 0.5 ml/lit EM and 0.5% TP (EM-TP) in a completely randomized design. Feed additives had higher (P < 0.05) b*(yellowness) value in breast and thigh meat color for TP and EM-TP than the other treatments. Shear force value is higher (P < 0.05) in CTL than the other in both breast and thigh muscles. The highest (P < 0.05) fat content was for CTL. The moisture, CP and ash of breast and thigh meat were similar (P > 0.05) except crude fat percentage which was higher (P < 0.05) for CTL group. High result (P < 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for EM and EM-TP while Cholesterol content, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and Triglycerides concentrations were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by consumption of EM, T, P, and EM-TP than the control group. There were high (P ≤ 0.05) population of total coliform count and E. coli bacteria were counted in CTL than the other treatment group. In conclusion, experimental additives can lower the crude fat in meat composition, blood cholesterol level, blood LDL cholesterol, triglyceride concentration and markedly reduced total coliform count and E. coli bacteria in the intestinal contents of broilers thereby improving gut efficiency and gut health of broiler chicken.
Design and implementation of an experimental device by the pendant drop method for measuring surface tension of pulmonary fluid
Authors: Chen Zhenglong , LV Dan , Zhang Chunyuan , Liu Yuanyang , Sha Jingxin , Deng Linhong , Zhong Ming , Song Yuanlin
Published: October 2022

The quantitative measurement of pulmonary fluid surface tension in many lung diseases including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonia, COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has great physiological and clinical significance. The conventional techniques like film balances and bubble methods, however, are hard to use in the clinical practice due primarily to a limitation of small sample volume. In this work, we developed an experimental device based on the pendant drop method to clinically measure surface tension of pulmonary fluids in ARDS patients. We provided a detailed discussion of the theoretical background to the design of hardware and software as well as validation of measurement precision. The measured surface tensions of the two test liquids, pure water and dimethyl silicone oil, are 72.35±1.00 mN⁄m and 21.38±0.61 mN⁄m, respectively, in good agreement with the corresponding literature values of 72.02 mN⁄m and 21.10 mN⁄m at room temperature of 25℃.Using this experimental setup, we tentatively measured surface tensions of four pulmonary fluid samples from several mechanically ventilated ARDS patients. The results showed that the measured surface tension at 25±1℃ is within the range of 23.8～53.9 mN/m, comparable with reported values in the literature. Further, the calculation of the Worthington number showed that the data obtained are sufficiently accurate. We came to the conclusion that the pendant drop tensiometry is a powerful tool in the studies of pulmonary fluid surface properties due to a small sample size, high degree automation and freedom from contamination.
Soil properties shape the arbuscular mycorrhizal status of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soil mycorhizal potential in Kabare and Walungu territories, Eastern DRCongo
Authors: Ndeko Adrien Byamungu , Chuma Géant Basimine , Chokola Gloire Musafiri , Kulimushi Parent Zihalirwa , Mushagalusa Gustave Nachigera
Published: October 2022

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the main leguminous crop grown in South-Kivu province. However, there is a scarcity of information concerning the soil mycorrhizal potential, natural mycorrhization and the spore density of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with P. vulgaris in South-Kivu province. In this study, rhizospheric soil and roots samples have been collected in Kabare and Walungu territories in famer’s field (three localities in each territory) to determine the bean natural mycorrhization rate, AM spore density and the soil mycorrhizal potential in relation with soil chemical properties. We founded that bean root colonization was high in Katana, Kavumu and Miti, and low in Lurhala, Walungu centre and Nduba. Katana and Kavumu showed a high number of spores (242.9 ± 37.8 and 183 ± 13.1 spores.100g− 1 soil, respectively) compared to other sites. Soil mycorrhizal potential was higher in Katana, Kavumu and Miti sites, located in Kabare territory (10.8 ± 0.7, 9 ± 1.3 and 8.8 ± 0.9 AM propagules g-1 soil). AM potential was positively and significantly correlated with bean mycorrhizal colonization (p < 0.0001). Increasing soil P content significantly decreased mycorrhization frequency and intensity (r=-0.69, p < 0.0001 and r=-0.54, p = 0.002, respectively) and the soil mycorrhizal potential (r= -0.87, p < 0.0001) regardless of the study site. While soil pH positively affected the mycorrhizal colonization (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.54, p = 0.002, respectively) and the soil mycorrhizal potential (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). This study revealed a strong variation in bean mycorrhizal status and soil mycorrhizal potential across sites. Site-specific AM fungi morphotype identification and inoculum production should be considered to improve bean productivity.
Comparison of Electronic Medical Records with Self-report in Measuring Cancer Screening
Authors: Bhattacharyya Oindrila , Rawl Susan M. , Dickinson Stephanie L. , Haggstrom David A.
Published: October 2022

Background: Efficient measurement of the receipt of cancer screening has been attempted with electronic health records (EHRs), but EHRs are commonly implemented within a single health care setting. However, health information exchange (HIE) includes EHR data from multiple health care systems and settings, thereby providing a more population-based measurement approach. In this study, we set out to understand the value of statewide HIE data in comparison to survey self-report (SR) to measure population-based cancer screening.
Methods: A statewide survey was conducted among residents in Indiana who had been seen at an ambulatory or inpatient clinical setting in the past year. Measured cancer screening tests included Colonoscopy, Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) for colorectal cancer, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Pap tests for cervical cancer, and Mammogram for breast cancer. For each screening test, the self-reported response for receipt of the screening (yes/no) and ‘time since last screening’ were compared with the corresponding information from patient HIE to evaluate the association between the two measures.
Results: Percent agreement of HIE and self-report of screening receipt ranged from 59% to 81%, with the Gwet’s AC ranging from 0.24-0.76, indicating a fair to substantial concordance. For the time since receipt of last screening test, Percent agreement ranged from 71% to 93% along with the Gwet’s AC ranging from 0.47-0.91. In comparison with SR data, HIE data provided relatively more additional information about laboratory-based tests: FIT (15% HIE alone vs. 4% SR alone) and HPV tests (24% HIE alone vs. 12% SR alone) and less additional information about procedures: Colonoscopy (7% HIE alone vs. 34% SR alone), Pap test (10% HIE alone vs. 27% SR alone), or Mammography (8% HIE alone vs. 20% SR alone).
Conclusion: Studies that use a single data source should consider the type of cancer screening test to choose the optimal data collection method. HIE and self-report both provided unique information in measuring cancer screening, and the most robust measurement approach involves collecting screening information from both HIE and patient self-report.
The effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads during gait in adults with and without patellofemoral pain or osteoarthritis: a systematic review protocol.
Authors: Paterson Kade , Kayll Samual , Hinman Rana , Bennell Kim , Bryant Adam , Rowe Patrick
Published: October 2022

Background
Patellofemoral pain is highly prevalent across the lifespan, and a significant proportion of people report unfavourable outcomes years after diagnosis. Previous research has implicated patellofemoral joint loading during gait in patellofemoral pain and its sequelae, patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Biomechanical foot-based interventions (e.g., footwear, insoles, orthotics, taping or bracing) can alter patellofemoral joint loads, making them a promising treatment option. This systematic review will summarise the evidence about the effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads during gait in adults with and without patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis.
Methods
MEDLINE (Ovid), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature CINAHL, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), SPORTdiscus (EBSCO) and Embase (Ovid) will be searched. Our search strategy will include terms related to ‘patellofemoral joint’, ‘loads’ and ‘biomechanical foot-based interventions’. We will include studies published in the English language that assess the effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads, quantified by patellofemoral joint pressure, patellofemoral joint reaction force and/or knee flexion moment. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, complete full-text reviews, and extract data from included studies. Two reviewers will assess study quality using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) tool or the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. We will provide a synthesis of the included studies’ characteristics and results. If three or more studies are sufficiently similar in population and intervention, we will pool the data to conduct a meta-analysis and report findings as standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. If a meta-analysis cannot be performed, we will conduct a narrative synthesis of the results and produce forest plots for individual studies.
Discussion
This protocol outlines the methods of a systematic review that will determine the effect of biomechanical foot-based interventions on patellofemoral joint loads. Our findings will inform clinical practice by identifying biomechanical foot-based interventions that reduce or increase patellofemoral joint loads, which may aid the treatment of adults with patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis.
Systematic review registry
Registered with PROSPERO on the 4th of May 2022 (CRD42022315207).