bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE HEAT SUPPLY OF RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS
Authors:   Samara State Economic University, Balzannikov M.I. , Byasharova T.N. ,   Samara State Economic University
Published: January 2022

It was noted that among the most important indicators characterizing the effectiveness of enterprises engaged in the field of housing and communal services, the results of the introduction of energysaving technologies and technical solutions are necessarily taken into account. Investment projects are the basis of such decisions. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to improve the heat supply of residential apartment buildings using the example of an investment project in the Vostochny residential complex of Samara. The article highlights the results of the performed economic analysis of the project to improve the supply of hot water to apartment buildings of the residential complex. The reason for the development of the investment project was the lack of a centralized hot water supply system in residential buildings. The situation was due to the failure of the heat exchange equipment. In order to improve the heat supply of residential apartment buildings, the project provides for the laying of a new route with a length of 1,500 meters from the district boiler house of the municipal enterprise to residential buildings. The total amount of funds required for the implementation of the project amounted to 5640 thousand rubles. To invest the project, it is planned to use the own funds of the municipal enterprise providing heat supply to houses - the items «depreciation» and «profit.» The economic indicators expected from the implementation of the measures were investigated. It was revealed that the construction and commissioning of a new hot water supply route in the Vostochny residential complex will ensure the formation of profits: by the end of the first year of operation - 11 thousand rubles, by the end of the second year of operation - 326 thousand rubles, by the end of the third year of operation - 502 thousand rubles. The payback period of the investment project is very significant and will be 19 years. Conclusions: the studies showed the financial feasibility of the investment project and the economic effectiveness of measures to improve the heat supply of residential apartment buildings in a residential microdistrict.
DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO STATE SUPPORT OF REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Francisco O.Y.
Published: January 2022

The presented article substantiates the need for a differentiated approach to the allocation of state support for agricultural production in the form of subsidies, since the currently existing mechanism for the distribution of state aid has a rather vague algorithm. It is proposed to divide the regions of the country into groups, depending on their potential for food security, the assessment of which is carried out according to a number of components (economic availability of food, self-sufficiency in food, food stability, provision of the agricultural sector with resources, the scale of agricultural production), each of which contains a set of indicators that allow to reveal their essence. The value of the calculated integral indicator of the food security potential of a particular subject of the Russian Federation characterizes its level: the optimal, acceptable or low level of the food security potential of the region, depending on which it is proposed to allocate budget funds differentially to support the agricultural sector, thereby ensuring their effective use. In regions with an optimal level, it is necessary to support and implement all kinds of innovations, progressive technologies of agricultural production, and expand its areas; in regions with an acceptable level, the state, in addition to providing priority support to agricultural entities, should focus on the development of activities not related to agriculture; in regions with a low level, priority areas of state support should be measures to restructure inefficient economic entities. Such an approach to the distribution of subsidies in the agricultural sector will have a positive impact on the process of ensuring the optimal agricultural balance of the country and the rational use of budget funds.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM OF MEASURES FOR MANAGING TRANSNATIONALIZATION PROCESSES IN AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF ACCELERATING INTEGRATION IN THE EEA SPACE
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, Shchitov S.E. , Likholetova N.V. ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center
Published: January 2022

The transnationalization of world economic relations is one of the most pressing trends in the modern world economy. The most important feature of the globalization of the world economy is the transnationalization of business and the active exit of companies beyond national borders in order to expand markets for products and make investments. The processes of transnationalization of production and capital, the institutional units of which are transnational companies, are the driving force of not only the modern world economy, but also develop in the EAEU space. Integration leads to the emergence of economic interconnection between states and contributes to the emergence and formation of new supranational economic entities - transnational corporations - transnational management structures. The processes of transnationalization in agriculture are proceeding at a slower pace, which is associated with the low investment attractiveness of this sphere of economic activity in comparison with others, such as industrial and financial spheres. However, transnational processes today affect all economic spheres and the EAEU agricultural market is no exception. The process of integrating the agri-food complex of the EAEU into the world system is possible both through the creation of joint TNCs and through the arrival of foreign TNCs in the EAEU. The main economic prerequisite for the transnationalization and internationalization of agriculture in the EAEU is the concentration and centralization of both international capital and the capital of the EAEU member states. The article is devoted to the study of the processes of transnationalization in agriculture, the specific features of the synergistic effect in the transnational production system are revealed, indicators for assessing the effectiveness of measures to manage the processes of transnationalization in agriculture are considered.
SUSTAINABLE SMALL FARMING CONDITIONS
Authors:   Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nechaeva I.V.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the influence of the main socio-economic conditions on the activities of small farms. A number of conditions that have the most significant impact on the processes of their functioning are analytically outlined and structured. The structuring of the identified conditions was carried out on the basis of an integrated approach. As a result of the analysis, it has been established that the sustainability of the social and production activities of small peasant farms is due to the contextual influence of a number of socio-economic conditions of the external environment and conditions that mediate the dynamics of the internal potential of the subject of activity. The article emphasizes the primacy of the subject's entrepreneurial orientation as a condition that is the basis for his further activity. The main emphasis in the study was made on the analysis of conditions that are derived from dynamic processes and trends in the agricultural sector and rural community. It was found that a number of identified conditions have a decisive impact on the prospects for the sustainability of farming activities. The stimulating context of the impact is possessed by the conditions of motivational orientation and initiative activity of the subject in the development of entrepreneurial practices; conditions for the preservation of the "family" nature of production with the development of a dynastic perspective of continuing the farming business. To the group of conditions mediating the inertia of the processes of development of the farming segment, we have attributed insufficient funding, the prevailing socio-cultural characteristics of the rural community, inhibiting the growth of the farming class; as well as the processes of depletion of the social and reproductive potential of the village. The undertaken research is necessary for the formation and correction of the directions of agrarian policy, taking into account the effect of the influence of a number of conditions in the spheres of the socio-economic space, bordering the activities of small farms.
EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RESOURCES IN FARMS OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES
Authors:   Depart. of Economics and Standards, Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, Miroshnichenko T.A. , Krinichnaya E.P. ,   Depart. of Economics and Standards, Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center
Published: January 2022

Increasing the efficiency of using the resource potential is the basis for ensuring not only the competitiveness of economic entities in the agricultural sector, but also the food security of the country. Within the framework of the scientific research, an assessment of the efficiency of the use of agricultural production resources in farms of various categories – agricultural organizations, peasant (farmer) farms (K(F)) was carried outX) and households of the population – personal subsidiary and other individual farms of citizens. The theoretical basis of the scientific research was the works of domestic and foreign scientists-economists devoted to the management of agricultural production resources and improving the efficiency of their use. The information and empirical base of the study was formed on the basis of a set of statistical data on the state of the agricultural sector in Russia in the period from 2013 to 2019. In the course of collecting, accumulating and processing information, such methods of economic research as analytical, monographic and statistical-economic were used. The object of the study was the economic entities of the agrarian sphere of Russia, the subject of the study was a set of theoretical and practical issues of assessing the efficiency of using agricultural production resources in farms of various categories. As a result of the conducted scientific research, a high efficiency of the use of land resources in agricultural organizations and the small-format sector of the economy has been established. It is determined that labor productivity in the agricultural sector exceeds the productivity indicators for the economy as a whole. The assessment of changes in the energy supply of the industry is given, the coefficients of renewal and retirement of fixed production assets of agricultural producers are considered. Insufficient equipment of the industry with tractors and combines was revealed, a high degree of wear of agricultural machinery and an increase in the load on it were established, which has a negative impact on the resource potential of agricultural producers and production efficiency.
INNOVATIONS AND INVESTMENTS IN THE PROCESSES OF DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE REGION
Authors:   nstitute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ogorodnikov P.I. , Speshilova N.V. ,   Orenburg State University
Published: January 2022

In connection with the wide multifaceted introduction of information technologies in various spheres of life and activity of the world's population, scientists are talking about the development of society in the digital economy. Processing of large amounts of information, neurotechnologies, 3D printing and other innovations are an integral part of today's life, allowing us to significantly improve the efficiency of production management, the technologies used, equipment, sales, delivery of goods, etc. In the Russian Federation, the concept of "Digital economy" is enshrined in the Strategy for the Development of the Information Community for 2017-2030, approved by Presidential Decree No. 203 of 09.05.2017. In turn, innovations, which imply constant technological improvement of the processes of production, sales, management, etc., are the basis of the innovative economy. The innovative economy is considered as a type of economy, and the digital economy as a kind of economic activity. The question arises of the interaction of these categories and the analysis of their impact on the processes of managing the development of the region's economy in the conditions of processing large flows of information, which is given in the author's interpretation in this article. The elements of the introduction of innovative technologies in the production of agricultural products of the Orenburg region, as one of the leading agricultural regions of the country, are presented. It is noted that a technological breakthrough is needed, an integral part of which is the introduction of digitalization of processes in agricultural production. The emphasis is placed on the need to use reliable information for processing when making managerial decisions. This can be helped by creating a single information and consulting digital platform that also allows you to automatically make the necessary calculations to assess the use of your own and attracted funds, including taking into account state support. The result of determining the effectiveness of investing in the acquisition of a specific innovative technology is presented.
CONSUMER VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Authors:   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Zavorotin E.F. , Gordopolova A.A. ,   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Tyurina N.S. ,   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex
Published: January 2022

In order to identify the consumer value of agricultural land, the concept of its creation has been developed, consisting of determining the content of the category, systematizing groups of factors and conditions, describing the process and effect of the emergence of consumer value through interaction with agronomic and economic values. The conceptual and categorical apparatus has been improved by formulating the term "consumer value of agricultural land". The determinants of consumer value are grouped by the organization of production, costs, the presence of motivations on the part of the seller, the management of value formation, the advantages of purchasing a land plot, pricing, consumer finance, the infrastructure of the land market, information and communication technologies, determining the systemic effect of consumer value, making an optimal management decision. The mechanism of creating the consumer value of agricultural land is carried out with the purposeful implementation of the marketing strategy of targeting the consumer by an economic entity, which acts as agricultural organizations, peasant (farmer) farms, individual entrepreneurs, cooperatives. The consumer value of land (goods) is formed in the process of the influence of agronomic, economic values on the formation of supply and demand. The practical significance of the development is to ensure an increase in value, maximum satisfaction of the needs of market participants, balance the interests of subjects of land relations during the transaction, offer, increase the efficiency of the use of agricultural land.
LIMAN IRRIGATION ON A COOPERATIVE BASIS
Authors:   Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Burlakov V.B. , Tuktarov R.B. ,   Volzhsky Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation
Published: January 2022

The need for the development of irrigated agriculture in Russia is due to the fact that more than two-thirds of its agricultural land is located in regions characterized by frequent years with high air temperatures and low rainfall during the growing season of plants. In the Soviet period, estuary irrigation played an important role in organizing fodder production on farms located in arid steppe and semi-desert regions of the Volga region. At that time, the area of each estuary irrigation system did not go beyond the boundaries of the territory of one farm - a collective farm or a state farm. However, the appearance, as a result of the agrarian transformations of the 90s of the last century, of many small owners and tenants had a negative impact on the development of estuary irrigation. On some part of the land plots of estuary systems, farms or other small farms were organized. Most of these lands, received by former workers of collective and state farms in the process of privatization in the form of land shares, are currently not used in any way. As one of the effective means of ensuring the effective functioning of estuary irrigation systems in modern conditions, the authors substantiated the formation of agricultural consumer cooperatives for land reclamation services. The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop a fodder base, which provides a significant increase in the level of efficiency of farms that traditionally specialize in the production of livestock products in arid regions. The creation of reclamation cooperatives will allow several subjects of agricultural production, operating within the boundaries of one estuary irrigation system, to jointly solve numerous problems related to irrigation on an equal basis and ensure the maximum return on the flooded hectare while reducing costs per unit of production. The advantages of organizing forage production on estuary irrigated lands on a cooperative basis are disclosed. The necessity of including a regional organization of melio-water management, which is the operator of irrigation engineering structures, is substantiated.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF RATIONAL LAND USE
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, Bakhmatova G.A. , Tseluyko O.A. ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, Klimenko A.I. ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, Grinko A.V. ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center
Published: January 2022

The Rostov region ranks second in the Russian Federation in terms of the volume of products produced, yielding only to the Krasnodar Territory, while the region is in the zone of risky agriculture, which hinders the production of crop products. A significant part of the region's territory is occupied by agricultural land, therefore, the condition and quality has not only environmental, but also economic significance. Over the past 10 years in the Rostov region, there has been an orientation towards the production of grain crops in all categories of farms, which leads to the need to develop not only effective, but also rational methods and technologies of land use. When analyzing data on yields, fertilization and the amount of grain products produced, it can be concluded that the volume of production is influenced by the yield and the amount of fertilizers applied, 84.1% of the total area of the region is treated with mineral fertilizers. The lands of the Rostov region are subject to natural erosion (water and wind), and also constantly experience anthropogenic influence: plowing of the territory, irrigation, use of pastures. This attitude leads to a decrease in land potential, a decrease in soil productivity, dehumification, erosion, etc. conditions. Researchers of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRANTS are engaged in developments in the field of technologies for growing crops, agriculture, and plant protection. In the scientific center, highly productive varieties of grain and leguminous crops have been bred, recommendations have been developed for soil treatment, fertilization, methods of combating weeds, plant diseases and pests, tests of new progressive equipment and technologies for cultivating agricultural crops are being carried out. Everything that forms rational land use. The article discusses the main structural changes in the distribution of sown land by major crops. The research carried out made it possible to determine the principles of rational land use, which are based on the use of modern soil protection technologies and scientific achievements in the field of plant growing, agriculture, and plant protection.
INVESTMENT AND CREDIT MECHANISM OF MORTGAGE LENDING OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE
Authors:   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Akimova M.S. , Ulitskaya N.Y. ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction
Published: January 2022

Consumer demand for commercial real estate currently remains low due to both low incomes of the population and the lack of investment attractiveness of commercial real estate. These factors have a negative impact on the commercial real estate market in general and cause an overstocking of the sales market in particular. The article gives a recommendation to improve the conditions for mortgage lending in Russia, which consist in carrying out the following measures: expanding the composition of banking assets, the main factor for the implementation of which is the standardization of banking products for the purpose of free sale on the market or pledging for attracted loans in a situation of liquidity shortage; introduction of a long-term bank deposit; introduction of the scheme "long assets - long liabilities", which consists in issuing mortgage loans at the expense of loans in the secondary market by issuing their own mortgage bonds; introduction of securitization; creation of an information base of market parameters for real estate transactions. Also, an investment and credit mechanism has been formed, aimed at expanding opportunities for investing in commercial real estate, developing the commercial real estate market and attracting small and medium-sized businesses. The developed mechanism included three stages: conclusion of a preliminary loan agreement; conclusion of a mortgage lending agreement; attracting investors. As a result of the introduction of the investment and credit mechanism, the following results were obtained: the possibility of reducing the amount of the mortgage loan, reducing the monthly payment, reducing the final cost of the loan, reducing the risk of insolvency of the client, ensuring the investment attractiveness of commercial properties.
FINANCING STRATEGIES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN A PANDEMIC
Authors:   Volga Cooperative Institute (branch) of Russian University of Cooperation, Shadchenko N.Y. , Syrnikova L.V. ,   Volga Cooperative Institute (branch) of Russian University of Cooperation, Grigorieva O.L. ,   Moscow International University
Published: January 2022

The relevance of the topic is due to the need for a comprehensive study of problems and the search for their overcoming that arise in the activities of small businesses, as representatives of the most important sector of the economy of any country with a market orientation. Small business is of particular importance in the country's economy, since, by restraining the monopoly domination of large enterprises, it ensures healthy competition in the market and the rapid elimination of commodity shortages by promptly responding to any conjuncture market changes. In addition, with mass development, small business contributes to the growth of jobs and the creation of a middle social class, which is a support for any state and a guarantee of economic and socio-political stability in the country. Small businesses in developed countries account for about 40-50% of the total volume of products and services produced. As foreign and domestic experience shows, small business is especially promising in the commercial sphere, that is, in the provision of trade services, public catering, jurisprudence, medicine, and repair of household appliances. At the same time, small business also contributes to scientific and technological progress, realizing its achievements in all areas of activity. It accounts for about half of registered patents in a number of European countries. The stability of the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses is largely determined by stable financing, however, as a rule, the limited financial resources for the implementation of investment projects and business expansion are a key problem. During the pandemic, it was small and medium-sized businesses that were subjected to a catastrophically negative impact, and to support and preserve it, the state implemented a whole range of measures, of an economic, organizational and social nature. In these conditions, the obvious advantages of small and medium-sized businesses are realized to be flexible in responding to newly emerging opportunities for building effective strategies for financing sustainable development during a pandemic.
APPROACHES TO DECISION-MAKING ON THE ISSUE OF INVESTING IN INDIVIDUAL HUMAN CAPITAL
Authors:   Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, Apatova N.V. , Ostapenko I.N. ,   Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, Усенко Р.С. ,   rimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky
Published: January 2022

In the conditions of digital transformation of all spheres of human activity, his creative and intellectual potential is gaining new significance. The future of humanity more than ever depends on competent and balanced decisions, for which the unique potential of each individual should be more fully revealed and optimally used. But the reality is that the rapid development of the digital economy outstrips the readiness of each individual to comply with the latest technologies – for this he needs constant development, continuous education. The development of human capital may be a more important factor for the long-term success of a country, region or any large-scale system than any other factor. The ingenuity, creativity and creativity that humanity has at its disposal provide us with the means not only to solve the main problems of our time, but also allow us to build a future that should be human-oriented. The intellectual capital market cannot satisfy the investor according to a certain algorithm. If we do not count individual geniuses, very talented specialists or simply mandatory executive specialists in a certain field, all other potential employees can only influence the profitability of the organization with a certain probability, its competitiveness when investing capital in them, in other words, investing in an intellectual resource. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the feasibility of investing in individual human capital of a university based on logistic regression and neural networks. The paper proposes an approach to assessing the feasibility of investing in human capital within the framework of the development of intellectual capital of socio-economic systems. Nonlinear mathematical models for assessing the feasibility of investing in the human capital of a university based on logistic regression and neural networks are proposed. It is proposed to use this method to diversify investments in the formation of the investment portfolio of university departments.
FORMATION OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES: CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Ural State Agrarian University, Golovina S.G. , Abilova E.V. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Smirnova L.N. ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T.S. Maltsev
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research on what kind of institutional and technological changes modern cooperative organizations are experiencing and how the transformations taking place at the level of cooperatives affect the qualitative characteristics of their human capital. Firstly, the paper analyzes the most significant aspects that affect the human capital of agricultural cooperatives, such as the organizational model in which they operate, the principles on which their activities are based as a whole. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the business orientation of modern cooperatives and its (to a certain extent) entrepreneurial (and not purely traditional) structure from the point of view of ownership, management, financing determine new requirements not only for the members of the cooperative (farmers), but also (perhaps to a greater extent) for managers, narrow specialists, employees. Secondly, the factors contributing to the intensification of competition in agricultural markets are considered, in particular, it is proved that new requirements for agricultural products from its consumers determine new strategies of cooperative behavior, and consequently, a new "personnel architecture" of cooperative organizations, in which such qualities of human capital as high qualification, professional flexibility, creativity, responsibility for results, leadership, and the ability to work as a team come to the fore. Thirdly, based on the generalization of the results of scrupulous research of domestic and Western scientists on human capital management, the practical experience of Canadian agricultural cooperatives (using the example of the modern Canadian cooperative "Agropur"), their problems are revealed (including those that are determined by modern challenges and threats associated with the coronavirus pandemic, unfavorable climatic conditions, political sanctions), the approaches to the successful development of agricultural cooperation through the formation of relevant human capital are determined.
THE USE OF MODERN SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ASSORTMENT AS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF RETAIL TRADE
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Beketov A.N.
Published: January 2022

The article defines the optimal process of conducting a pilot project on the introduction of analytical tools and building an organizational culture focused on the constant optimization of the assortment, as the most important factors for improving the efficiency of a trading enterprise. The main attention is paid to building a step-by-step process of analyzing and optimizing the assortment using advanced analytics tools, including working with Big Data, based on conducting a pilot project. The study considers the iterative method of integrating software into the organization's activities and considers typical mistakes of Russian retailers that can be avoided using the iterative method of implementing advanced analytics tools. It is shown how the development of the assortment management process based on modern software analytical tools allows you to optimize the company's activities in several areas at once, directly increasing the main financial indicators of a retail enterprise. The author identified the optimal process of optimizing the assortment and the main indicators and requirements for analytics (both at the level of the entire network and at the level of a single store), and also indicated areas for improving the efficiency of the retailer, taking into account local and macroeconomic indicators. Retailers who form the assortment correctly can thus get more sales, higher gross income and margin, and, most importantly, more loyal customers.
INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE ECONOMY
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Reshetnikova A.V. , Lochan S.A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Digitalization or digitalization (from the English digital) not only of the economy, but also of almost all spheres of our life is happening before our eyes. We have long been familiar with the digitization of data and perfectly use the digital form of any type of information in our work and entertainment: text, image, drawing, sound, video, photos, paper documents and printed publications, paintings. Scanned – received an electronic document, i.e. its digital form. According to statistics, more than 70% of the world's population uses mobile applications worldwide, even in the poorest sector of households. Every day, the number of Internet users is growing exponentially. Half of the world's population has access to the Internet. Many of us do not fully comprehend this process of digitalization, which admires the possibilities of new products and toys-gadgets and carries major risks, primarily for people themselves. Yes, the forms of work are constantly changing, new professions are emerging, even new jobs. But a large proportion of classic jobs are disappearing. People seemed to be ready for this, they had long heard about the automation of business processes, industrial robotics, computerization in the service sectors – tourism and hotel business, banks and insurance companies, educational and public services. But when this leads to mass layoffs of workers, including you, then the deep problems of social inequality, the washing out of the middle class and the polarization of society are already beginning to upset. At this time, it is the state that should assume the functions of social protection of citizens. The absence of state control will lead to a tightening of capitalist relations and a return to the nineties.
EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF LAND RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KURGAN REGION)
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Chirukhin A.V.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the assessment of the efficiency of the use of land resources in agriculture of the Kurgan Region. The analysis of the efficiency of agricultural land use was carried out for the period from 2015 to 2019, which allowed the author to draw objective conclusions about the current state of the land and the land resource potential of the region. Agriculture can be attributed to a complex economic system. Mutual processes between biological, technological, organizational and economic processes are expanded reproduction in agriculture. The branches of the agro-industrial complex and the branches of agriculture are closely interrelated. The main goal of agriculture is to achieve stable growth of agricultural production, reliable supply of food and agricultural raw materials to the country. Based on this, the issue of effective use of agricultural land available to economic entities becomes relevant. Unlike other means of production in agriculture (which wear out during operation, thereby reducing their properties, go out of economic circulation), the natural productivity of land resources can increase with rational use. One of the reasons for the inefficiency of the implemented land use policy is the actual lack of regular assessment and monitoring of the effective and rational use of land resources in agriculture, both at the level of individual agricultural producers and at the level of the region as a whole. The purpose of assessing the effectiveness of the land use system in the Kurgan region is to characterize the structure of land resources for making management decisions aimed at ensuring rational and efficient use of land.
MODELING OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TERRITORIES OF THE REGION ON THE BASIS OF CRITERIA GRADATION
Authors:   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Volokhova M.A. , Kudryashova E.V. ,   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex
Published: January 2022

The nature of demographic processes: reproductive behavior, migration behavior, health status and life expectancy in modern Russia determined the relevance of the study. A large number of scientists have been studying the relationship between social, economic and demographic criteria, in particular, hypothetical modeling of factors of socio-demographic development, which were considered in the article, can be traced in the works of neoclassical economic theories of migration. The article has developed and empirically confirmed a hypothetical model of socio-demographic development of rural territories, based on the assumption that the dynamics of migration (D-indicators) of the rural population of the regions graded, according to the selected criterion for the n-number of groups, on their real incomes (S-indicators), proving the statements of neoclassical theories of migration that the incentive to move is an increase in income. The presented model consists of six stages. At the first stage, the hypothesis was put forward that the heterogeneity of the income of the population, depending on the region of residence, inversely affects the migration processes in them; on the basis of this, inequalities were constructed. Further, the graduation criterion was determined – the districts of the region are divided into six groups depending on the wages of employees of agricultural organizations. At the third stage, the model indicators (S and D) were determined, then during the study the hypothesis was empirically confirmed. At the last stage, the possibility of reducing socio-demographic tension in rural areas of the region is justified and the potential for intensification and expansion of economic activity of socio-demographic development of rural areas of the Saratov region with salary gradation is calculated.
ZONAL FEATURES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF THE REGION
Authors:   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Firsov A.I.
Published: January 2022

The article evaluates the features of the demographic development of the rural population of the region, depending on the territorial location. As a result of the study, it was found that the rural population of the Saratov region for 1990-2020 decreased by 108.4 thousand people, for 2010-2020 the decline was 82.3 thousand people, of which 35.9 thousand people (11%) in the Right Bank, and 46.4 (14%) thousand people in the Left Bank. The population in 24 of the 38 districts of the region decreased by 20% from the level of 2010, in 7 by 20-29%, in 4 by 32-34%, and in suburban areas increased by 4-21%. As for the zonal features of demographic development, the population of the Western and Central right-bank microzones decreased by 21 and 18%, respectively, and the South-Eastern left-bank by 21%. As a result of the implementation of socio–demographic development programs, the rate of natural population decline in the region decreased from 7.5–7.6 ppm in 2000-2005 to 2.4 in 2014, but it was not possible to maintain the achieved results and, starting from 2015, the population decline increased from 4.5 ppm to 6.8 in 2018. The same trend is observed in terms of the population density of the region, for the period 1990-2020. it has decreased from 6.8 to 5.7 people per 1 sq. km, with a total area of the region of 100.8 thousand sq. km. Most of the rural residents (75%) live in 90% of the territory with a population density of less than 4.8 people per 1 sq. km. If the current trend of the demographic situation continues, in the near future the population density of less than 5 people per 1 sq. km will reach the entire territory of the region, with the exception of suburban areas. The analysis of the territorial features of the demographic development of rural territories of the region proved that it is necessary to form a new social paradigm for the development of rural territories, taking into account the zonal living conditions and economic activity. Its implementation requires the development of programs for the development of promising rural settlements that can become a center of social services to the population; assistance in the development of cooperation and non-agricultural types of employment; organization of work in rural areas based on remote access; implementation of recreational activities. This is especially relevant for the Left-bank districts, where half of the rural population of the region lives, which should be able to perform additional functions to solve the problems of retention and social control in sparsely populated border territories.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ БАР’ЄРІВ НА ШЛЯХУ ДО СКОРОЧЕННЯ СПОЖИВАННЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ
Authors: Ємельянов Олександр , Бреньо Анна
Published: January 2022

Визначено головні умови доцільності впровадження на підприємстві проєктів, які передбачають скорочення споживання природного газу. Побудовано формалізовані моделі цих умов. Представлено індикатор узагальненої оцінки економічних бар'єрів на шляху до впровадження на підприємстві проєкту економії природного газу. Оцінено рівень економічних бар’єрів на шляху до зниження витрат природного газу за вибіркою домогосподарств України. Обґрунтовано необхідність активізації фінансової підтримки заходів зі скорочення споживання природного газу в житловому секторі України з боку держави та органів місцевого самоврядування.
АНАЛІЗ БАЛАНСУ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ОЦІНКИ ФІНАНСОВОГО СТАНУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Дудчик Оксана , Сарри Марія
Published: January 2022

В статті проаналізовано показники балансу підприємств України за 2017-2020 роки у порівнянні з 2013 роком, визначено зміни у формуванні статей балансу в абсолютному та відносному вимірі. Розраховано структуру балансу, оцінено фінансову стійкість та ліквідність підприємств. Приділена увага змінам активу і пасиву підприємств галузі виробництва будівельних металевих конструкцій.
НАУКОВІ НАДБАННЯ ТА ШКОЛА ПРОФЕСОРА Д.Ф. РУДНЄВА
Authors: Круть Михайло
Published: January 2022

Дмитро Федорович Руднєв – відомий вчений у галузі лісової ентомології, великий фахівець із захисту рослин, доктор біологічних наук, професор. Наукову діяльність розпочав у середині 1920-х років на Дарницькій лісовій дослідній станції під Києвом, де працював колектив видатних фахівців-ентомологів під керівництвом З.С. Голов’янка. Закінчив аспірантуру Інституту зоології АН УРСР, після чого обіймав посаду старшого наукового співробітника. Зробив значний внесок у розробку теорії боротьби з короїдами та в дослідження причин масового розмноження великого дубового вусача. Працюючи в Українському науково-дослідному інституті захисту рослин впродовж 1946–1977 рр., Д.Ф. Руднєв розробляв найбільш перспективний для того часу напрям захисту рослин від шкідливих організмів – це хімічний метод. Він був одним із перших розробників малооб’ємного способу обприскування багаторічних насаджень інсектицидами. Також виявив недоліки широкого застосування пестицидів і почав агітувати за розробку альтернативи цьому методу, а саме використання стійких до шкідників сортів рослин. Автор понад 200 опублікованих наукових праць, із яких ціла низка монографій та серія статей з питань розкриття причин масових розмножень шкідників лісу та стійкості лісових порід до них. Мав 3 авторських свідоцтва. Сформував наукову школу, підготувавши одного доктора і 20 кандидатів наук.
РОЗРОБКА ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ МАКАРОННИХ ВИРОБІВ З ПОКРАЩЕНИМИ ВАРОЧНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ
Authors: Черемська Тетяна , Колеснікова Марина , Думбрава Денис
Published: January 2022

у статті досліджується сучасний ринок макаронних виробів, його кількісні та якісні показники. Досліджується питання розробки та покращення якості макаронних виробів із хлібопекарського борошна
МАТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ, СИСТЕМНІСТЬ ТА ЕДУКОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАГІСТРІВ
Authors: Нікулін Олександр , Наконечна Тетяна
Published: January 2022

Перед сучасною освітою постають проблеми модернізації, що вимагають об'єднання загальнонаукових та спеціальних знань при магістерської підготовці. Розглянуто можливості технологічного підходу до інтеграції викладання математичних та профільних дисциплін, надані умови інноваційного використання математизації та інформаційних технологій з врахуванням едукологічних аспектів для інтеграції зусиль викладачів і здобувачів у навчальному процесі.
АНАЛІЗ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ДАТЧИКІВ ДЛЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПРОСТОРОВОГО ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ОБ'ЄКТІВ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД УМОВ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ
Authors: Пономарьова Олена , Пономарьов Сергій , Боловін Микита , Приходько Ігор
Published: January 2022

У статті проводиться аналіз функціональних можливостей датчиків для визначення просторового положення об’єктів в залежності від умов єксплуатації. Пропонується в залежності від виконуваних функцій обирати ту чи іншу структурну схему пристрою кута нахилу. Як оптимальний варіант датчика запропоновано акселерометр. А для підвищення ефективності визначення кутів нахилу пропонується використовувати методи математичної обробки вимірювань з наступною корекцією вихідної інформації.
МИСТЕЦТВО СТАВИТИ ЗАПИТАННЯ
Authors: Безперстова Людмила , Гулий Юрій , Шут Андрій
Published: January 2022

У статті розглянуто одну відому арифметичну задачу про корів на лузі, яку розв’язано кількома різними арифметичними способами за допомогою поставлених запитань, що дало змогу встановити зв’язок між прихованими, не заданими в умові задачі величинами. Діофантове рівняння другого степеня з двома невідомими отримано двома способами: за допомогою графічної інтерпретації розв’язання задачі та нескінченно малих величин. Розроблено спосіб та алгоритм генерування вихідних даних для створення достатньо великої кількості задач певного типу з іншим набором заданих та невідомих величин.
ДОПЛЕРОГРАФІЧНА ДІАГНОСТИКА ГЕПАТОРЕНАЛЬНОГО СИНДРОМУ У ХВОРИХ НА АЛКОГОЛЬНИЙ ЦИРОЗ ПЕЧІНКИ
Authors: Сливка Наталія , Плеш Ігор
Published: January 2022

Метою даного дослідження було визначити та порівняти зміни ультразвукових допплерівських параметрів печінкового та ниркового кровоплину у пацієнтів із алкогольним цирозом печінки, залежно від стадії захворювання, та оцінити взаємозв’язок цих показників із маркерами функції нирок. Всього було обстежено 152 пацієнтів, що були розподілені на 3 групи відповідно до стадії захворювання: група 1 - (n=42), група 2 - (n=58), група 3 – (n=52). Відмічалось суттєве зростання максимальної швидкості кровоплину у ворітній вені, збільшення конгестивного індексу та зменшення ворітно-селезінкового індексу. Показники ниркового кровоплину, за винятком максимальної швидкості у ниркових артеріях, показали суттєву різницю між стадіями захворювання. Встановлено, при прогресуванні алкогольного цирозу печінковий та нирковий кровоплин зазнають паралельних змін, тому доплерографія ниркових артерій може бути рекомендована як складова частина комплексного спостереження таких пацієнтів, особливо при прогнозуванні короткострокової смертності та стратифікації важкості стану.
РОЗВИТОК УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ДУМКИ В ЕМІГРАЦІЇ
Authors: Караулов Олександр , Бабенко Людмила
Published: January 2022

Стаття присвячена дослідженню суспільно-політичних настроїв еміграційної спільноти після поразки Української революції 1917–1921 рр. Показано процес осмислення поразки національно-визвольних змагань та шляхів подальшої боротьби за відродження українсько\ державності. Звертається увага на погляди українських діячів, близькі до європейського розуміння демократії, та засудження більшовицького режиму. Акцентована увага на тлумаченнях ролі держави….публіцистичних
ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТВОРІВ УЧАСНИКІВ ПРЕМІЇ АНДРІЯ БОКОТЕЯ ДЛЯ МОЛОДИХ ХУДОЖНИКІВ-СКЛЯРІВ
Authors: Бокотей Михайло
Published: January 2022

У статті розкриті особливості застосування технологічних рішень при виконанні авторських композицій учасників конкурсу Премії професора Андрія Бокотея для молодих художників-склярів. Підкреслено на різноманітті способів і матеріалів, які використовують конкурсанти з метою створення конкурентоздатних художніх творів. Наведено приклади технік, які найчастіше зустрічаються в конкурсних роботах 2018-2021 рр., а також проведено аналіз найхарактерніших робіт, де автори вдаються до технологічно неординарних рішень, комбінування технік і поєднання матеріалів. Вказано на важливості проведення подібних заходів для інституційної підтримки розвитку мистецтва художнього скла та популяризації серед молодого покоління митців.