bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avant-propos : Le travail avec la famille lors d’un premier épisode psychotique
Authors: Bantman Patrick
Published: August 2020

L’article présente l’introduction d’un dossier qui résume les questions qu’ont soulevé à un groupe de travail pluridisciplinaire, le travail avec la famille lors de la première hospitalisation pour un épisode psychotique...

En effet nous avons élaboré depuis quatre ans, sous l’égide de la Fédération Française de Psychiatrie à la suite de la lettre d’un parent, un travail de commission en partenariat avec l’UNAFAM. Ce groupe de travail pluridisciplinaire a rassemblé pédopsychiatres, psychiatres d’adultes, psychologues, de formations diverses et travaillant dans des contextes soignants différents, infirmiers, médecin généraliste, et un membre régulier de l’UNAFAM.

Nous sommes heureux de vous présenter les premiers résultats de ce travail initié par le Dr Roche-Rabreau dont l’article figure dans ce dossier. Nous souhaiterions que ce travail puisse permettre l’élaboration de recommandations de bonnes pratiques, comme celles élaborées dans différents aspects de la pratique psychiatrique. En annexe, nous avons mis un résumé des recommandations travaillées en commission, et présentées lors de diverses manifestions psychiatriques ainsi qu’à la Fédération Française de Psychiatrie.
Effect of High-velocity Resistance Exercise on 24-h Blood Pressure in
Hypertensive Older Women
Authors: Oliveira-Dantas Filipe Fernandes , Browne Rodrigo Alberto Vieira , Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Cabral Ludmila Lucena Pereira , de Farias Junior Luiz Fernando , Costa Eduardo Caldas
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the acute post-exercise effect of high-velocity
resistance exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive older women.
Fourteen volunteers (67.9±5.1 years) performed a high-velocity
resistance exercise session (8 exercises using Thera-Band, 3 sets of 6
repetitions as fast as possible in the concentric phase with moderate intensity)
and a control session, separated by a 7–10-day period. Ambulatory blood
pressure was monitored following 12-h post-sessions and compared between
conditions at 1 to 4-h, 5 to 8-h, and 9 to 12-h. Average 24-h ambulatory blood
pressure, awake, asleep periods, and blood pressure load were also analyzed.
There was a condition by time interaction for systolic ambulatory blood pressure
over 12-h post-sessions (P=0.043). It was observed a lower systolic
ambulatory blood pressure in the first 4-h period following the high-velocity
resistance exercise session compared to the control session
(−6.7 mmHg, 95% CI  − 11.6 to
−1.8 mmHg; P=0.011). No changes were observed for
diastolic ambulatory blood pressure over 12-h post-sessions as well as for the
other variables analyzed (P>0.05). In summary, a single high-velocity
resistance exercise session elicits a post-exercise antihypertensive effect and
may be considered as a strategy to acutely improve blood pressure control in
hypertensive older women.
Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die prähospitale Notfall- und Telenotfallmedizin – eine vergleichende Kohortenanalyse
Authors: Felzen Marc , Brockert Ann-Katrin , Beckers Stefan , Follmann Andreas , Rossaint Rolf , Schröder Hanna
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Das im November 2019 in der Stadt Wuhan entdeckte Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ist mittlerweile Ursache einer Pandemie mit weitreichenden Folgen. Dennoch berichten viele Rettungsdienstbereiche von einer Abnahme der Gesamteinsatzzahlen.

Methode Im Rahmen einer Kohortenanalyse wurden die Einsatzzahlen von Notarzt- und Telenotarzteinsätzen aus März 2020 mit denen aus den Monaten März 2018 und 2019 hinsichtlich potenziell lebensbedrohlicher Einsätze verglichen. Darüber hinaus wurden alle Einsatzdokumentationen von Rettungswagen, Notarzteinsatzfahrzeug und Telenotarzt der Stadt Aachen aus dem Monat März 2020 ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Im März 2020 kam es im Vergleich zu 2018 und 2019 zu einem signifikanten Rückgang der Notarzteinsätze (p < 0,001). Potenziell lebensbedrohliche Einsätze haben ebenfalls abgenommen, ihr relativer Anteil hat jedoch von 52,3% (n = 294) in 2018 auf 63,3% (n = 253) 2020 signifikant zugenommen (p < 0,001). 39,6% (n = 89) der 225 Patienten mit Infektsymptomatik und unauffälligen Vitalparametern wurden ohne Arztbeteiligung durch den Rettungsdienst ins Krankenhaus transportiert.

Schlussfolgerung Vor allem die Einsatzzahlen von nicht lebensbedrohlichen Bagatelleinsätzen gingen im März 2020 zurück. Viele Patienten wurden trotz unauffälliger Vitalparameter durch einen Rettungswagen ins Krankenhaus transportiert. Durch eine vermehrte telenotärztliche Begutachtung könnten nicht indikationsgerechte Transporte reduziert werden.
Metal-Free Iodoperfluoroalkylation: Photocatalysis versus Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysis
Authors: Czekelius Constantin , Helmecke Lucas , Spittler Michael , Schmidt Bernd M.
Published: August 2020

A comparison of two catalytic, metal-free iodoperfluoro­alkylation protocols is presented. Frustrated Lewis pairs [
t
Bu3P/B(C6F5)3] or phosphines/phosphites under visible light irradiation efficiently mediate the functionalization of non-activated alkenes and alkynes. A comprehensive account of the corresponding substrate scopes as well as insights into the mechanistic details of both reaction pathways are provided.
Trends in the Treatment of Bell's Palsy
Authors: Shokri Tom , Saadi Robert , Schaefer Eric W. , Lighthall Jessyka G.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is to: (1) evaluate national trends in care of facial paralysis, namely Bell's palsy, patients to identify the types of treatments patients are receiving and treatment gaps and (2) identify if newer, more complex surgical therapies published in the literature are being employed. Data were collected from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database by Truven Health. From the database, all inpatient and outpatient claims with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for facial paralysis/dysfunction between 2005 and 2013 were extracted. Trends in medical and surgical management were evaluated specifically cataloging the use of steroids, antivirals, botulinum toxin, surgical and rehabilitation service current procedural terminology codes. A total of 42,866 of patients with a formal diagnosis of Bell's palsy were identified with 39,292 (92%) adults and 3,754 (8%) children (< 18 years old), respectively. Steroids were provided to 50.1% of children and 59.8% of adults and antivirals were prescribed to 26.2 and 39.4% of the children and adults, respectively. Within the first 2 years after diagnosis, 0.5% of children and 0.9% of adults received surgery, 0.1% of children and 0.8% of adults received botulinum toxin treatments, and 10.9% of children and 21.5% of adults received rehabilitation services. Despite the limitations of a claims database study, results showing trends in care of facial paralysis are still nonsurgical with many patients receiving no treatment at all. Although limited literature has shown an increase in the use of pharmacotherapy as well as techniques including physiotherapy, chemodenervation, and various surgical therapies, these interventions may be underutilized.
Flexural Strength of Different Monolithic Computer-Assisted Design and Computer-Assisted Manufacturing Ceramic Materials upon Different Thermal Tempering Processes
Authors: Juntavee Niwut , Uasuwan Pithiwat
Published: August 2020

Objective Strength of ceramics related with sintering procedure. This study investigated the influence of different tempering processes on flexural strength of three monolithic ceramic materials.

Materials and Methods  Specimens were prepared in bar-shape (width × length × thickness = 4 × 14 × 1.2 mm) from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP, inCoris TZI [I]), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS, Vita Suprinity [V]), and lithium disilicate (LS2, IPS e.max CAD [E]), and sintered with different tempering processes: slow (S), normal (N), and fast (F) cooling procedure (n = 15/group). Flexural strength (σ) was determined using three-point bending test apparatus at 1 mm/min crosshead speed.

Statistical Analysis  The analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons were determined for significant difference (α = 0.05). Weibull analysis was applied for survival probability, Weibull modulus (m), and characteristics strength (σo). Microstructures were evaluated with scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction.

Results  The mean ± standard deviation (MPa) of σ, m, and σo were: 1,183.98 ± 204.26, 6.23, 1,271.80 for IS; 1,084.43 ± 204.79, 5.76, 1,170.08 for IN; 777.19 ± 99.77, 8.78, 819.96 for IF; 267.15 ± 32.71, 9.11, 281.48 for VS; 218.43 ± 38.46, 6.40, 234.23 for VN; 252.67 ± 37.58, 7.20, 269.23 for VF; 392.09 ± 37.91, 11.37, 409.23 for ES; 378.88 ± 55.38, 7.45, 403.11 for EN, and 390.94 ± 25.34, 16.00, 403.51 for EF. Thermal tempering significantly affected flexural strength of Y-TZP (p < 0.05), but not either ZLS or LS2 (p > 0.05). Y-TZP indicated significantly higher flexural strength upon slow tempering than others.

Conclusion  Enhancing flexural strength of Y-TZP can be achieved through slow tempering process and was suggested as a process for monolithic zirconia. Strengthening of ZLS and LS2 cannot be accomplished through tempering; thus, either S-, N-, or F- tempering procedure can be performed. Nevertheless, to minimize sintering time, rapid thermal tempering is more preferable for both ZLS and LS2.
Supracrural Ligament Graft in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Lozada Kirkland N. , Locketz Garrett D. , Becker Daniel G.
Published: August 2020

Irregularities of the nasal dorsum or tip are a potential risk after rhinoplasty. Patients with thin skin are considered to be at a higher risk of these irregularities. Different materials and grafts to address areas that may result in a contour irregularity postoperatively include diced or crushed cartilage, temporalis fascia, fascia lata, and AlloDerm. We describe a new graft, the supracrural ligament graft, which can be used to camouflage or add bulk during primary rhinoplasty. The graft is harvested easily during the initial exposure and does not require additional surgical sites or extra dissection. In this research, we described the use of the supracrural ligament graft in 49 patients. We found the average graft size to be 0.6 × 0.4 cm. The graft was used in the following locations: nasal tip (49%), radix (40%), and nasal dorsum (10%). No complications were seen using the graft in any of the 49 patients. In conclusion, the supracrural ligament graft is a safe, simple, and effective camouflage graft for commonly encountered irregularities in rhinoplasty. Common areas of use include the nasal dorsum and nasal tip. Routine harvest of this graft may obviate the need to use either additional grafting material or an additional surgical site to help camouflage areas of concern in thin skin patients.
Inlet nozzles primarily determine droplet size in Taylor vortex devices
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: August 2020

Jet breakage dynamics influence droplet size formation more than inner cylinder motion in Taylor-Couette flow.
The role of water vapor during the synthesis of hydrogen doped In2O3
Authors: Samanta Amit , Varley Joel B. , Lordi Vincenzo
Published: August 2020

Hydrogen-doped In2O3 synthesized using magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition in the presence of water vapor has high transparency in the near infra-red region and mobility values that are almost three to four times of those in commercially used In2O3:Sn at a much lower carrier concentration. However, simple questions like what happens when water molecules enter In2O3 or why the dominant charge carrier changes from an oxygen vacancy in In2O3:Sn to H+ in In2O3 are not clear. Using hybrid functional based density functional theory calculations, we show that water molecules spontaneously split into H+ and OH−. The H+ interstitial bonds with an oxygen in In2O3, and the OH− interstitial occupies a vacant lattice site or is trapped by an oxygen vacancy. Thus, in agreement with experimental findings, our results suggest that the concentration of oxygen vacancies decreases as the partial pressure of water increases. The charge transition level, ϵ(−/+), of a hydrogen interstitial and the Fermi level at which the formation energies of OH− and H+ are equal lie above the conduction band minimum, suggesting that the H+ interstitial has a lower formation energy. In addition, water molecules do not exhibit any propensity to form clusters, meaning that H+ ions can diffuse and remain spatially separated from each other.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) films by Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation
Authors: Mohammed Y. S. , Zhang Kai , Heissler S. , Baumgart H. , Elmustafa A. A.
Published: August 2020

Germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) films fabricated using the Smart Cut™ wafer bonding and film exfoliation technology were investigated for the mechanical properties and induced phase transformations by using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy experiments. The hardness and modulus results of the GeOI films are significantly different from the literature published Silicon-on-Insulator and bulk germanium results. The GeOI films are softer and more flexible as compared to bulk Ge hardness and stiffness properties. The Raman spectroscopy of the spherical indents indicates bands of metastable Ge phases @ 220 cm−1, 195 cm−1, and 184 cm−1 wavenumbers. Our results demonstrate that a spherical indenter impacted a wider area of contact and produced GeOI indented surfaces free of cracks and fracture. The spherical indenter tip kept the Ge top layer intact when compared to the Berkovich indenter tip during penetration. In contrast, the Berkovich indenter tip developed excessive fracture that resulted in displacing the Ge top layer sideways and exposed the Si substrate underneath revealing Raman spectra bands of metastable Si phases @ 350 cm−1, 399 cm−1, and 430 cm−1.
Spin susceptibility, upper critical field, and disorder effect in j=32 superconductors with singlet–quintet mixing
Authors: Yu Jiabin , Liu Chao-Xing
Published: August 2020

Recently, a new pairing state with the mixing between the s-wave singlet channel and the isotropic d-wave quintet channel induced by centrosymmetric spin–orbit coupling has been theoretically proposed in the superconducting materials with j=32 electrons [J. Yu and C.-X. Liu, Phys. Rev. B 98, 104514 (2018)]. In this work, we derive the expressions of the zero-temperature spin susceptibility, the upper critical field close to the zero-field critical temperature Tc, and the critical temperature with weak random non-magnetic disorders for the singlet–quintet mixed state based on the Luttinger model. Our study reveals the following features of the singlet–quintet mixing. (1) The zero-temperature spin susceptibility remains zero for the singlet–quintet mixed state if only the centrosymmetric spin–orbit coupling is taken into account and deviates from zero when the non-centrosymmetric spin–orbit coupling is introduced. (2) The singlet–quintet mixing can help enhance the upper critical field roughly because it can increase Tc. (3) Although the quintet channel is generally suppressed by the non-magnetic disorder scattering, we find the strong mixing between singlet and quintet channels can help to stabilize the quintet channel. As a result, we still find a sizable quintet component mixed into the singlet channel in the presence of weak random non-magnetic disorders. Our work provides the guidance for future experiments on spin susceptibility and upper critical field of the singlet–quintet mixed superconducting states and illustrates the stability of the singlet–quintet mixing against the weak random non-magnetic disorder.
Density fitting in periodic systems: Application to TDHF in diamond and oxides
Authors: Patterson C. H.
Published: August 2020

A robust density fitting method for calculating Coulomb matrix elements over Bloch functions based on the calculation of two- and three-center matrix elements of the Ewald potential is described and implemented in a Gaussian orbital basis in the Exciton code. The method is tested by comparing Coulomb and exchange energies from density fitting to corresponding energies from SCF Hartree–Fock (HF) calculations for diamond, magnesium oxide, and bulk Ne. Density fitting coefficients from the robust method are compared to coefficients from a variational method applied to wave function orbital products in bulk Ne. Four center Coulomb matrix elements from density fitting are applied to time dependent (TDHF) calculations in diamond, magnesium oxide, and anatase and rutile polytypes of titanium dioxide. Shifting virtual states downwards uniformly relative to occupied states and scaling the electron–hole attraction term in the TDHF Hamiltonian by 0.4 yields good agreement with either experiment or Bethe–Salpeter equation calculations. This approach mirrors similar “scissors” adjustments of occupied and virtual states and introduction of a scaled electron–hole attraction term in some time dependent DFT calculations.
Domain wall conductivity as the origin of enhanced domain wall dynamics in polycrystalline BiFeO3
Authors: Makarovic Maja , Bayir Mustafa Çağri , Ursic Hana , Bradesko Andraz , Rojac Tadej
Published: August 2020

Despite their primary importance in modern nanoelectronics, conductive domain walls (DWs) can also have a marking effect on the macroscopic response of polycrystalline ferroelectrics. In particular, a large nonlinear piezoelectric response at sub-Hz driving-field frequencies has been previously observed in BiFeO3, which was linked to the conductive nature of the DWs but whose exact origin has never been explained. In this study, by carefully designing the local conductivity in BiFeO3 using chemical doping, we found that the low-frequency piezoelectric nonlinearity is only observed in the sample with a large fraction of conductive DWs. Supported by nonlinear Maxwell–Wagner modeling, we propose that this large response originates from DW displacements inside a specific set of grains or grain clusters in which the internal electric fields are enhanced due to M-W effects. We thus show that these effects likely arise due to the pronounced local anisotropy in the electrical conductivity, varying from grain to grain, whose origin lies in the conductive DWs themselves. The results demonstrate the possibility of controlling the global nonlinear properties of polycrystalline ferroelectrics by engineering local properties.
Assessing the Tamm–Dancoff approximation, singlet–singlet, and singlet–triplet excitations with the latest long-range corrected double-hybrid density functionals
Authors: Casanova-Páez Marcos , Goerigk Lars
Published: August 2020

We continue our work on the long-range corrected double-hybrid density functionals (LC-DHDFs) ωB2PLYP and ωB2GP-PLYP that we developed in the context of time-dependent (TD) Density Functional Theory (DFT) to enable the robust description of singlet–singlet excitations [M. Casanova-Páez, M. B. Dardis, and L. Goerigk, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15, 4735 (2019)]. In our initial study, we only assessed the impact of a LC on BLYP-based DHDFs, and herein, we extend our understanding by providing the first test of PBE-based LC-DHDFs within the established TD-DHDF scheme. Moreover, this study is one of few that provides a direct comparison between TD-DHDFs and their faster Tamm–Dancoff-approximation variants (TDA-DHDFs). Most importantly, this is the first TDA-DHDF study since Grimme and Neese’s TDA-B2PLYP [J. Chem. Phys. 127, 154116 (2007)] and the first work on TD-DHDFs that addresses singlet–triplet excitations. We show how the difference between TD-DHDFs and TDA-DHDFs is often negligible for singlet–singlet excitations, but how one has to apply TDA-DHDFs for triplet excitations. For both excitation types, the LC is beneficial to the BLYP-based DHDFs, but detrimental to the PBE-based ones. For local-valence and Rydberg excitations, ωB2PLYP and ωB2GP-PLYP as well as the global DHDF PBE-QIDH can be recommended. If a transition exhibits charge-transfer character, ωB2PLYP and ωB2GP-PLYP should be applied. An analysis of the gaps between the first singlet and triplet excited states of our systems revealed that there is room for further improvements to reach better robustness. Until that goal has been achieved, we recommend ωB2PLYP and ωB2GP-PLYP as some of the currently best TDA-DFT methods.
Highly branched isoprenoids: a novel tracer of diatom-based energy pathways in freshwater food webs
Authors: Wilkinson Sydney , Brown Thomas , McMeans Bailey C.
Published: August 2020

In complex food webs, it is often difficult to classify all trophic interactions, especially when the number of potential energy sources and interacting species can be high. Biochemical markers (biomarkers) can help trace energy-flow pathways from basal sources up to top predators, but can suffer from poor resolution when multiple sources all produce the same biomarker (e.g. many algae produce long-chain unsaturated fatty acids). Highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) are unique lipids produced by diatoms, which have been successfully applied as biomarkers of diatom-derived energy pathways through marine food webs. However, currently, the existence and trophic transfer of HBIs has not been explored in freshwater food webs. Here, we confirm, for the first time, the presence of two HBI isomers (IIb and IIc) across two temperate-lake food webs, from lower basal sources up to higher trophic-position consumers (predatory fishes). Lake ecosystems are facing multiple interacting threats that could influence food-web structure and function in complex ways. HBIs could provide a novel method for tracing the outcome of altered temperature, nutrient loading and water clarity on high-quality, diatom-derived energy pathways through freshwater food webs.
Soil water repellency after wildfires in the Blue Ridge Mountains, United States
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Pangle Luke A. , Gannon John P. , Stewart Ryan D.
Published: August 2020

It is not well understood if wildfires induce soil water repellency in broadleaf deciduous forests, such as those endemic to the Blue Ridge Mountains of the eastern United States. In 2016, widespread wildfires provided an opportunity to study soil water repellency in this region. We selected sites in four locations with low to moderate burn severities, along with unburned controls. We estimated soil water repellency using water drop penetration time measurements from the surface (i.e. ash or organic) layer to ~5cm within the underlying mineral layer. Two months after the fires, water repellency was detected in all locations and was greater in more severely burned sites. One location had the greatest water repellency in surface ash (frequency of occurrence: 68–74%), whereas the other locations showed greatest repellency at the ash–mineral interface (40–96%). Unburned soils rarely showed repellency (0–18%). Burned soils also exhibited water repellency 1 year post fire. The study results suggest that combustion of non-resinous foliage within litter layers can cause water repellency in deciduous forests, meaning that this condition is not exclusive to coniferous and dryland forests. The duration of impact depends on fire severity, and may enhance overland flow and sediment transport in affected landscapes.
Hierarchical dynamics as a macroscopic organizing principle of the human brain
Authors: Raut Ryan V. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Raichle Marcus E.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Accumulating evidence suggests that, during task performance, information is encoded at shorter timescales in primary sensory regions as compared to longer timescales in higher-order cortical regions. These encoding timescales correlate with the timescales of activity within these regions. Here, we test the hypothesis that a hierarchy of activity timescales represents a general organizing principle of brain function. Using functional imaging of the human brain in the eyes-open resting state, we find that the timescales of ongoing activity are hierarchically organized as gradients across the entire cerebral cortex. Further, whole-brain coverage permitted examination of subcortical structures, which exhibited hierarchical timescale gradients parallel to cerebral cortex. Altogether, our results support the existence of hierarchical gradients that globally organize human brain dynamics.
Evidence for complex iron oxides in the deep mantle from FeNi(Cu) inclusions in superdeep diamond
Authors: Anzolini Chiara , Marquardt Katharina , Stagno Vincenzo , Bindi Luca , Frost Daniel J. , Pearson D. Graham , Harris Jeffrey W. , Hemley Russell J. , Nestola Fabrizio
Published: August 2020

Significance

Diamonds are among the most important samples of the solid Earth owing to the unique information they provide about the planet’s interior. New analytical techniques have enabled the discovery of distinct inclusions in diamond hosts having mineral associations that constrain the mineralogy at great depths within the Earth. Currently, experimental studies are revealing the stability of novel iron oxides not found at Earth’s surface but that would be present in the mantle. We combine textural and chemical analyses on ferropericlase inclusions contained in a diamond sample and demonstrate that the observed association of magnetite + FeNi metal exsolved from the matrix results from postentrapment decomposition at the expense of a natural Fe
4
O
5
phase recently discovered and characterized in high-pressure experiments.
Structural elucidation of the
cis
-prenyltransferase NgBR/DHDDS complex reveals insights in regulation of protein glycosylation
Authors: Edani Ban H. , Grabińska Kariona A. , Zhang Rong , Park Eon Joo , Siciliano Benjamin , Surmacz Liliana , Ha Ya , Sessa William C.
Published: August 2020

Significance

The enzyme,
cis-
prenyltransferase (
cis-
PTase), composed of two subunits, NgBR and DHDDS, is essential for protein glycosylation reactions in all higher eukaryotes. Here, we report the heterodimeric crystal structure of the complex and show features that impacts the stability, activity, and lipid sensing of enzyme complex. Moreover, the structure rationalizes mutations that cause genetic disorders of glycosylation leading to cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s disease.
Sarecycline interferes with tRNA accommodation and tethers mRNA to the 70S ribosome
Authors: Batool Zahra , Lomakin Ivan B. , Polikanov Yury S. , Bunick Christopher G.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Sarecycline is the first narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic that was recently approved by the FDA for the clinical treatment of acne vulgaris. In this work, we determined two (2.8-Å and 3.0-Å) X-ray crystal structures of sarecycline bound to the initiation complex of the bacterial 70S ribosome and found that this antibiotic inhibits bacterial ribosome in part using a mechanism of direct mRNA contact, which has not been reported for any other tetracyclines so far. Moreover, our structural analysis rationalizes why sarecycline is able to overcome one of the most common mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines among pathogenic bacteria. Thus, this work provides mechanistic insights into the function of the tetracycline class of antibiotics on the ribosome with direct clinical relevance.
The risks of misunderstandings in family discourse
Authors: Mustajoki Arto , Baikulova Alla
Published: August 2020

Based on a large dataset of Russian material, the paper presents these general features of the home: a place to spend
leisure time containing a long-established group of different ages and sexes free to move about in their environment These factors lead to
tension between communicants and a diversity of topics of conversation. Inadequate recipient design is an overarching trigger for
misunderstanding caused by the speaker. It derives from poor concentration on interaction and the common ground fallacy, and leads to the
frequent use of indirect and elliptical expressions. Inadequate concentration causes the recipient to non-listen and overguess. Finally,
misunderstandings occur because of mishearings, misinterpretations and misreferences. Misinterpretation may concern the content, intention
or mode of the message.
Four weeks of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) improve the cardiometabolic risk profile of overweight patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)
Authors: Minnebeck Katharina , Vorona Elena , Zinn Sarah , Gellner Reinhold , Hinder Jens , Brand Stefan‐Martin , Kabar Iyad , Alten Florian , Schmitz Boris
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the effects of a four‐week HIIT intervention on the cardiometabolic risk profile, liver fat content, insulin requirement, hypoglycaemia, physical fitness, and health‐related quality of life in patients with T1DM. A supervised exercise intervention with baseline to follow‐up comparison between overweight (BMI = 28.6 ± 2.1 kg/m2) and normal weight (BMI = 23.2 ± 1.40 kg/m2) T1DM patients was performed. Eleven overweight (age = 40.7 ± 14.3 years) and 11 normal weight (age = 42.2 ± 15.5 years) T1DM patients performed a four‐week, low‐volume, all‐out cycling HIIT (4–6 bouts, work/relief ratio 1:1) twice weekly. HIIT lowered low‐density lipoprotein and uric acid levels in overweight patients by up to 10.5% (vs. normal weight, p≤0.0312). HbA1c, high‐density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels did not change in any of the groups. Participants’ maximal exercise capacity and power output at individual anaerobic lactate threshold increased to an equal extend of up to 10% (p≤0.0002) in both groups. During the intervention, participants used fewer daily bolus insulin (−5.22 ± 12.80%) and less total units of insulin (−4.42 ± 10.20%, p≤0.023) compared to the pre‐intervention period with no between‐group difference. Overall, the average daily number of hypoglycaemias increased from 0.90 ± 0.56–1.08 ± 0.63 during the intervention (p = 0.033). SF‐36 subscales showed higher scores after the intervention, with a significant improvement of “role limitations due to physical problems” (p<0.05) for both groups. We conclude that in T1DM, HIIT may exert beneficial effects on physical fitness, insulin requirement and health‐related quality of life. Of note, beneficial HIIT effects on the cardiometabolic risk profile in T1DM may be larger in overweight T1DM patients.
Pupillometry as a measure for listening effort in children
Authors: Gómez-Merino N. , Gheller F. , Spicciarelli G. , Trevisi P.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Listening effort can be defined as the deliberate allocation of mental resources to overcome obstacles when carrying out a listening task. Requiring mental resources, it may detract from other types of cognitive activities, leading to a general worsening of cognitive performances. The aim of this review is to provide information about how to use pupillometry to explore listening effort in children too and discuss the suitability of this technique when measuring listening effort in this population.

Materials and methods

After reporting a brief overview of pupillometry and listening effort, results from researchers concerning listening effort and children will be presented first to then go deeper into the research on the topic by means of pupillometry.

Results

Listening effort has a direct link with cognitive resources, as when the environment is surrounded by noise, the cognitive system requires additional effort and consequently the cognitive abilities required for the task that is being conducted becomes impoverished. This effect becomes more evident in the case of children, and has important consequences on speech perception and scholastic performance.

Conclusions

In children, listening effort is a major issue, as they are still developing mature language skills that can help them compensating for inaccurate speech recognition. Since children spend most of their time in noisy environments, it is very important to examine the consequences of listening in acoustically inadequate conditions. Pupillometry could be a good way of reflecting the effects of noise on children’s cognitive abilities by adding more objective evidence to the topic.
On a regularization approach to the inverse transmission eigenvalue problem
Authors: Buterin S A , Choque-Rivero A E , Kuznetsova M A
Published: August 2020

We consider the irregular (in the Birkhoff and even the Stone sense) transmission eigenvalue problem of the form −y″ + q(x)y = ρ
2
y, y(0) = y(1) cos ρa − y′(1)ρ
−1 sin ρa = 0. The main focus is on the ‘most’ irregular case a = 1, which is important for applications. The uniqueness questions of recovering the potential q(x) from transmission eigenvalues were studied comprehensively. Here we investigate the solvability and stability of this inverse problem. For this purpose, we suggest the so-called regularization approach, under which there should first be chosen some regular subclass of eigenvalue problems under consideration, which actually determines the course of the study and even the precise statement of the inverse problem. For definiteness, by assuming q(x) to be a complex-valued function in

W

2

1

[

0
,
1

]

possessing the zero mean value and q(1) ≠ 0, we study properties of transmission eigenvalues and prove the local solvability and stability of recovering q(x) from the spectrum along with the value q(1). In the appendices, we provide some illustrative examples of regular and irregular transmission eigenvalue problems, and we also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the characteristic function for the solvability of the inverse problem of recovering an arbitrary real-valued square-integrable potential q(x) from the spectrum for any fixed

a
∈
R

.
Impact of ex-situ annealing on strain and composition of MBE grown GeSn
Authors: Jia Hui , Jurczak Pamela , Yang Junjie , Tang Mingchu , Li Keshuang , Deng Huiwen , Dang Manyu , Chen Siming , Liu Huiyun
Published: August 2020

The application of GeSn is extended to semiconductor lasers thanks to its band engineering via Sn composition and strain manipulation. As one of the strain engineering methods, thermal annealing, however, is not yet being widely adopted by the majority due to the thermal instability it induces. The thermal stability of GeSn is highly sensitive to initial material conditions, consequently thorough investigations are still demanded with different purposes. A detailed investigation on the thermal annealing effects of thick GeSn layers with a nominal 8% Sn grown on Ge-buffered Si (001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy is presented here. Atomic force microscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction were used to trace the change of GeSn surface morphology and the strain relaxation after annealing. It is confirmed that the tetragonal compressive strain in GeSn, which is a proven detriment to the realisation of direct-bandgap material, can be relaxed by 90% while improving crystal quality, e.g. reduced surface roughness by appropriate annealing conditions. These findings reveal the potential of annealed GeSn to serve as a much thinner (750 nm), better lattice-matched to GeSn active layer and highly strain-relaxed platform to grow GeSn on compared to the thick Ge or the compositional-graded (Si)GeSn buffer layers, which are complicated and time-consuming in growth procedures and also securing an easier approach.
Spin reorientation in antiferromagnetic Dy2FeCoO6 double perovskite
Authors: Haripriya G R , Heitmann T W , Yadav D K , Kaphle G C , Ghimire Madhav Prasad , Pradheesh R , Joshi J , Vora P , Sethupathi K , Sankaranarayanan V , Nair H S
Published: August 2020

We explored the electronic and magnetic properties of the lanthanide double perovskite Dy2FeCoO6 by combining magnetization, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy and neutron diffraction along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our magnetization measurements revealed two magnetic phase transitions in Dy2FeCoO6. First, a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at T
N = 248 K and subsequently, a spin reorientation transition at T
SR = 86 K. In addition, a field-induced magnetic phase transition with a critical field of H
c ≈ 20 kOe is seen at 2 K. Neutron diffraction data suggested cation-disordered orthorhombic structure for Dy2FeCoO6 in Pnma space group which is supported by Raman scattering results. The magnetic structures ascertained through representational analysis indicate that at T
N, a paramagnetic state is transformed to Γ5(Cx, Fy, Az) antiferromagnetic structure while, at T
SR, Fe/Co moments undergo a spin reorientation to Γ3(Gx, Ay, Fz). The refined magnetic moment of (Fe/Co) is 1.47(4) μ
B at 7 K. The antiferromagnetic structure found experimentally is supported through the DFT calculations which predict an insulating electronic state in Dy2FeCoO6.
Different interface delamination effects on laminated composite plate structure under free vibration analysis based on classical laminated plate theory
Authors: K Arun Kumar , D Mallikarjuna Reddy
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a dynamic characterization of the delaminated composite plate structure. The governing Equation of the delaminated composite plate developed using finite element method (FEM) formulation grounded on a classical laminated plate theory. The FEM formulation designed for the delaminated composite plate under bending validated by comparing the natural frequencies evaluated using the present FEM formulation through MATLAB coding and experimental results. Various parametric studies have investigated. Simulation study conducted for different interfaces with different delamination location problems solved by the FEM. It shows that percentage of natural frequency decrease in the delaminated composite plate when compared to the intact composite plate. The significant variation in the natural frequency depends on the delamination location and delamination interface. This study is useful for the designers to tailor the structures with various interface delamination present in the arrangements. Artificial neural network algorithm implemented to study the effect of delamination in laminated composite plate structures
Modes decomposition in particle-in-cell software CEMPIC*
Authors: Fang Aiping , Liang Shanshan , Li Yongdong , Wang Hongguang , Wang Yue
Published: August 2020

The numerical method of modes analysis and decomposition of the output signal in 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation is presented. By the method, multiple modes can be resolved at one time using a set of diagnostic data, the amplitudes and the phases of the specified modes can all be given separately. Based on the method, the output signals of one X-band tri-bend mode converter used for one high power microwave device, with ionization process in the device due to the strong normal electric field, are analyzed and decomposed.
Two-dimensional finite element mesh generation algorithm for electromagnetic field calculation*
Authors: Zhang Chun-Feng , Wang Wei , An Si-Guang , Shentu Nan-Ying
Published: August 2020

Two-dimensional finite element mesh generation algorithm for electromagnetic field calculation is proposed in this paper to improve the efficiency and accuracy of electromagnetic calculation. An image boundary extraction algorithm is developed to map the image on the geometric domain. Identification algorithm for the location of nodes in polygon area is proposed to determine the state of the node. To promote the average quality of the mesh and the efficiency of mesh generation, a novel force-based mesh smoothing algorithm is proposed. One test case and a typical electromagnetic calculation are used to testify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can produce a high-quality mesh with less iteration.
Twisting mode of supercoil leucine-rich domain mediates peptide sensing in FLS2–flg22–BAK1 complex*
Authors: Liu Zhi-Chao , Liu Qin , Chen Chan-You , Zeng Chen , Ran Peng , Zhao Yun-Jie , Pan Lei
Published: August 2020

Plants and animals recognize microbial invaders by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). This recognition plays a crucial role in plant immunity. The newly discovered protein in plants that responds to bacterial flagellin, i.e., flagellin-sensitive 2 (FLS2), is ubiquitously expressed and present in many plants. The association of FLS2 and BAK1, facilitated by a highly conserved epitope flg22 of flagellin, triggers such downstream immune responses as activated MAPK pathway and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) for bacterial defense and plant immunity. Here we study the intrinsic dynamics and conformational change of FLS2 upon the formation of the FLS2–flg22–BAK1 complex. The top intrinsic normal modes and principal structural fluctuation components are very similar, showing two bending modes and one twisting mode. The twisting mode alone, however, accounts for most of the conformational change of FLS2 induced by binding with flg22 and BAK1. This study indicates that flg22 binding suppresses FLS2 conformational fluctuation, especially on the twisting motion, thus facilitating FLS2–BAK1 interaction. A detailed analysis of this sensing mechanism may aid better design on both PRR and peptide mimetics for plant immunity.
PBTI stress-induced 1/f noise in n-channel FinFET*
Authors: Chen Dan-Yang , Bi Jin-Shun , Xi Kai , Wang Gang
Published: August 2020

The influence of positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) on 1 / f noise performance is systematically investigated on n-channel fin field-effect transistor (FinFET). The FinFET with long and short channel (L = 240 nm, 16 nm respectively) is characterized under PBTI stress from 0 s to 104 s. The 1 / f noise features are analyzed by using the unified physical model taking into account the contributions from the carrier number and channel mobility fluctuations. The I
d–V
g, I
d–V
d, I
g–V
g tests are conducted to support and verify the physical analysis in the PBTI process. It is found that the influence of the channel mobility fluctuations may not be neglected. Due to the mobility degradation in a short-channel device, the noise level of the short channel device also degrades. Trapping and trap generation regimes of PBTI occur in high-k layer and are identified based on the results obtained for the gate leakage current and 1 / f noise.
Influence of Multiple Short Highly Energetic X-ray Pulses on the Biosynthetic and Physiological Activity of the Strain Trichoderma reesei M7
Authors: Gemishev Orlin , Zapryanov Stanislav , Nikolova Dilyana , Evstatieva Yana , Blagoev Alexander
Published: August 2020

In order to increase the biosynthetic capacity of the Trichoderma reesei-M7 strain – a notorious cellulase enzyme producer – the experimental biological object to be studied was exposed to the impact of the highly energetic X-ray pulses, produced by the dense plasma focus device (DPF). The X-ray pulses thus produced can have exceptionally high density of the flow of X-photons. The pulsed mode of irradiation fundamentally differs from the continuous when considering its effect on biological objects – they can rapidly absorb great amounts of radiation in a glimpse, leading to a qualitatively different interaction with their matter. In the experiments done the survivability was determined, as well as the vegetative biomass, four types of cellulase activity and the quantity of total protein after the treatment of the spores suspension (2.105 CFU/ml) of Trichoderma reesei M7 with this pulsed X-radiation. The absorbed doses were in the range of 7 to 45000 mSv. It was noticed that the survivability of the strain, if compared with the control samples, drops, reaching 57% of the initial value (of the untreated spores) for the sample with 45010 mSv of absorbed dose. From the data presented below it can be concluded that three of the samples with high absorbed doses, namely with 11754, 19439 and 42917 mSv, demonstrated increases their cellulase activities. In the case of 42917 mSv the increment of the endoglucanase activity, compared to the control, reaches 41,1%, FPA rises with 30,3%, and the β-glucosidase activity nearly doubles – and increase of 92,7%.
Pulsed Continuous Spectrum Radiation Source With a Quartz-Sapphire Envelope
Authors: Tumashevich K A , Kireev S G , Shashkovskiy S G , Yu Pugachev D , Levichev N A , Leonov G S , Goldshteyn Y A
Published: August 2020

The results of experimental studies of electrical and radiative properties of xenon flash lamps with a double quartz-sapphire envelope are presented. Comparative studies of xenon lamps with quartz and quartz-sapphire envelopes were carried out. The possibility of a significant increase in brightness temperature of the xenon plasma and radiation efficiency in germicidal range (200-300 nm) is shown. The achieved values of the brightness temperature of 10 kK and the radiation efficiency of 8.2 % in the germicidal range demonstrate the prospects of using the presented source of pulsed broadband radiation for disinfection of various objects.
Electrical stimulation of co-woven nerve conduit for peripheral neurite differentiation
Authors: Gopalakrishnan-Prema Vignesh , Mohanan Anila , Shivaram Shivakumar B , Madhusudanan Pallavi , Raju Gayathri , Menon Deepthy , Shankarappa Sahadev A
Published: August 2020

Electrically stimulable nerve conduits are implants that could potentially be utilized in patients with nerve injury for restoring function and limb mobility. Such conduits need to be developed from specialized scaffolds that are both electrically conductive and allow neuronal attachment and differentiation. In this study, we investigate neural cell attachment and axonal differentiation on scaffolds co-woven with poly-(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) yarns and conducting threads. Yarns obtained from electrospun PLLA were co-woven with polypyrrole (PPy)-coated PLLA yarns or ultrathin wires of copper or platinum using a custom built low-resistance semi-automated weaving machine. The conducting threads were first electrically characterized and tested for stability in cell growth media. Suitability of the conducting threads was further assessed via cell viability studies using PC12 cells. Neurite growth was then quantified after electrically stimulating rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons cultured on the woven scaffolds. Electrical conductivity tests and cellular viability studies demonstrated better bio-tolerability of platinum wires over PPy-coated PLLA yarns and copper wires. Electrically stimulated DRG neurons cultured on platinum-PLLA co-woven scaffolds showed enhanced neurite outgrowth and length. We demonstrate that a woven scaffold design could be utilized to incorporate conducting materials into cell-tolerable polymer yarns for developing electrically stimulable nerve conduits.
Exhaled breath analysis using cavity-enhanced optical techniques: a review
Authors: Banik Gourab D , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: August 2020

Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopies (CEAS) have gained importance in a wide range of applications in molecular spectroscopy. The development of optical sensors based on the CEAS techniques coupled with the continuous wave or pulsed laser sources operating in the mid-infrared or near-infrared spectral regime uniquely offers molecularly selective and ultra-sensitive detection of trace species in complex matrices including exhaled human breath. In this review, we discussed recent applications of CEAS for analyzing trace constituents within the exhaled breath matrix facilitating the non-invasive assessment of human health status. Next to a brief discussion on the mechanisms of formation of trace components found in the exhaled breath matrix related to particular disease states, existing challenges in CEAS and future development towards non-invasive clinical diagnostics will be discussed.
Retraction: Optimal Stocking Density of Vannamei Shrimp Lytopenaeus Vannamei at Low Salinity Using Spherical Tarpaulin Pond (IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
537 012041)
Authors: Marlina Eulis , Panjaitan Imelda
Published: August 2020

It has come to the attention of IOP Publishing that this article should not have been submitted for publication, and consequently, this paper has been retracted by IOP Publishing on 11 August 2020.

Retraction published: 11 August 2020