bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration and transnational practices of Filipinos in Iceland
Authors: Skaptadóttir Unnur Dís
Published: April 2020

Imelda is a fifty year old woman who moved to Iceland in the early 1990s. In the Philippines, she was a widow with three children having a difficult time making ends meet. She had a cousin living in Iceland who told her that she could arrange for her to come to work there, so Imelda left her children with her sister and mother and got a job in a rural Icelandic fish plant; she lived sparingly and sent what was left of her wages back to her family in the Philippines.
PEDRO ALMODÓVAR E LOUISE BOURGEOIS: O CORPO E A SEXUAÇÃO
Authors: Loures José Maurício Teixeira , Martinho Maria Helena , Sadala Gloria
Published: April 2020

Este texto se propõe a tomar o filme 'A pele que habito' e a obra da artista plástica Louise Bourgeois para pensar com Freud e Lacan – questões referentes ao corpo. Se por um lado, Almodóvar nos convoca ao debate sobre os imperativos do discurso contemporâneo no que se refere à posição sexuada, à escolha de objeto e à anatomia; a arte de Bourgeois vem se contrapor à ditadura da perfeição imposta pelo mesmo discurso.
ÁLCOOL E RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO: MOTIVAÇÕES E VULNERABILIDADES NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Dos Santos Elaine Lucas , Opaleye Emérita Sátiro , Noto Ana Regina
Published: April 2020

Este artigo explora a percepção de adolescentes em estado de vulnerabilidade social da cidade de São Paulo, com enfoque na perspectiva das relações de gênero sobre as motivações para beber e os riscos associados ao uso, assim como aqueles inerentes aos contextos de consumo de álcool. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que utilizou a técnica de grupos focais com 153 jovens de Centros da Juventude e Escolas Públicas da cidade de São Paulo, em idade entre 14 e 17 anos, alocados em 32 grupos separados por gênero. Os relatos foram gravados, transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os participantes desta pesquisa referiram perceber os Pancadões como o principal contexto de uso de álcool dos jovens da periferia. As motivações para beber foram atribuídas a fatores pessoais (busca de diversão, alívio de desprazer) e socioculturais, em que o álcool foi apontado como um meio de valorização pessoal ('ostentação') e facilitador da relação entre pares ('pegar'; 'ficar'). Entre os riscos associados, destacaram-se o abuso sexual e a frequente exposição de meninas na internet e problemas sociais como falta de fiscalização, violência policial e a presença de tráfico. Os resultados evidenciam percepções sobre a inter-relação entre álcool, gênero e violência em Pancadões, sugerindo a necessidade de ações preventivas e de redução de danos alinhadas às demandas desse contexto sociocultural.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO APOIADOR MATRICIAL NA SUPERAÇÃO DO MODELO PSIQUIÁTRICO TRADICIONAL
Authors: CARVALHO DE ALENCAR SILVA LUZIANE JUZI , VIEIRA DE ARAUJO ALESSANDRA CRISTINA , DE VASCONCELOS NATALYA LIMA , NOBREGA PAIVA CAMILA BATISTA , PIRES CAMILA ASSUNÇAO
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo teve como objetivo relatar o processo de trabalho do apoiador matricial para o cuidado em saúde mental na atenção básica, na perspectiva da superação do modelo psiquiátrico tradicional. Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizada no Apoio Matricial – Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) do Distrito Sanitário II do município de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados a partir de registros realizados no diário de campo do apoiador matricial. Entre as ações que foram realizadas pelo apoiador estão a cartografia, as reuniões de matriciamento em saúde mental, as discussões de casos, a visita domiciliar, o atendimento compartilhado, a articulação da rede, dentre outras. A experiência evidenciou que as atividades de matriciamento potencializaram a atuação das equipes da Atenção Básica para as demandas de saúde mental no território. Tais atividades apresentaram-se essenciais no processo de trabalho para a efetivação do cuidado em saúde mental. Além disso, possibilitou a corresponsabilização pelos usuários e suas famílias para maior resolutividade dos casos existentes no território.
Palavras – Chave: Apoio matricial; Sistema Único de Saúde; saúde mental.
COPARENTALIDADE NO CONTEXTO FAMILIAR DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Maciel Portes João Rodrigo , Vieira Mauro Luís
Published: April 2020

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender a percepção de pais e mães com filhos diagnosticados com transtorno do espectro autista, de sua relação coparental. Essa investigação caracteriza-se como de caráter exploratória e descritiva com uma abordagem qualitativa. Participaram nove casais, pais (n=9) e mães (n=9) de crianças com TEA com idades entre três a sete anos. Os dados foram coletados em um serviço de atendimento especializado no sul do Brasil. Primeiramente foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e depois foi aplicado com cada membro do casal uma entrevista semiestruturada sobre o relacionamento coparental. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se o método da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A análise dessas entrevistas com os casais permitiu a construção de categorias conforme as dimensões do modelo teórico da estrutura interna e contexto ecológico da coparentalidade de Feinberg. O acordo nas práticas parentais se destacou no discurso dos casais, embora as mães destaquem que os companheiros têm uma tendência de apresentar uma disciplina relaxada com a criança com TEA. A divisão do trabalho evidencia um desequilíbrio de tarefas exercidas pelos membros do casal, o que demonstra um sentimento de estresse nas mães sobre os cuidados do filho. Apesar disso, os cônjuges reconhecem o suporte parental e reconhecem os esforços do(a) companheiro(a) nas atividades parentais com poucos momentos de sabotagem do(a) parceiro(a) e exposição da criança aos conflitos do casal. Ao final são apontadas as limitações dessa pesquisa e levantadas algumas sugestões de futuros estudos na área, bem como as implicações dos resultados para a intervenção.
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN RAINWATER HARVESTING
Authors: Lawrence Dustin , Lopes Vicente L.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to inform decision makers at state and local levels, as well as property owners about the amount of water that can be supplied by rainwater harvesting systems in Texas so that it may be included in any future planning. Reliability of a rainwater tank is important because people want to know that a source of water can be depended on. Performance analyses were conducted on rainwater harvesting tanks for three Texas cities under different rainfall conditions and multiple scenarios to demonstrate the importance of optimizing rainwater tank design. Reliability curves were produced and reflect the percentage of days in a year that water can be supplied by a tank. Operational thresholds were reached in all scenarios and mark the point at which reliability increases by only 2% or less with an increase in tank size. A payback period analysis was conducted on tank sizes to estimate the amount of time it would take to recoup the cost of installing a rainwater harvesting system.
Denoising- Jittering data pre-processing technique to improve artificial intelligence based rainfall- runoff modeling
Authors: Partovian Afshin
Published: April 2020

Successful modeling of hydro-environmental processes widely relies on quantity and quality of accessible data and noisy data might effect on the functioning of the modeling. On the other hand in training phase of any Artificial Intelligence (AI) based model, each training data set is usually a limited sample of possible patterns of the process and hence, might not show the behavior of whole population. Accordingly in the present article first, wavelet-based denoising method was used in order to smooth hydrological time series and then small normally distributed noises with the mean of zero and various standard deviations were generated and added to the smoothed time series to form different denoised-jittered training data sets, for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) modeling of daily rainfall – runoff process of the Oconee River watershed located in USA. To evaluate the modeling performance, the outcomes were compared with the results of multi linear regression (MLR) and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. Comparing the achieved results via the trained ANN and ANFIS models using denoised-jittered data showed that the proposed data processing approach which serves both denoising and jittering techniques could improve performance of the ANN and ANFIS based rainfall-runoff modeling of the Oconee River Watershed up to 13% and 11% in the verification phase.
An interactionist way forward for improving the relevance of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology research and practice
Authors: Hartley Sally
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
Foundations for Literacy: Emergent Literacy Competencies of Grade R Learners on the Cape Flats
Authors: Willenberg Ingrid
Published: April 2020

International research has demonstrated that a considerable amount of children’s literacy development occurs prior to formal schooling and that emergent literacy skills at school entry are strong predictors of later literacy and general academic achievement. These findings have prompted vigorous early intervention programmes aimed at promoting emergent literacy development to optimise the development of conventional literacy. While there is considerable research conducted in developed countries, there is limited research on the emergent literacy skills of children in South African contexts. In the light of increasing evidence of poor literacy performance of South African children in the foundation phase of schooling it is imperative that appropriate and timely intervention be undertaken. However it is important that intervention be informed by baseline assessments of the children’s literacy competencies in the full spectrum of socio-cultural contexts in this diverse country. This study documents the emergent literacy competencies of 101 grade R (the year prior to grade 1, equivalent to kindergarten in the United States) learners attending schools in historically disadvantaged coloured communities on the Cape Flats in the Western Cape. An Emergent Literacy and Language Assessment protocol was developed for use with this population. The children’s performance on the assessment tool indicated that in general they possessed a reasonable repertoire of emergent literacy skills. Although they displayed adequate skills to support acquisition of print decoding skills necessary for fluent reading, weaknesses in the decontextualised language skills that have been found to support later reading comprehension, were evident.
Influencia de agendas y estudio de framing en el marco electoral del Procés de Cataluña
Authors: Pérez Curiel Concha , Jiménez Marín Gloria , García Medina Irene
Published: April 2020

Introducción: Momentos convulsos y de cambio definen el contexto político catalán. El tema de la independencia monopoliza la cobertura mediática de España y el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) constata un aumento sin precedentes de la preocupación ciudadana (2017). Metodología: Se analiza la hibridación entre agendas (política, mediática y pública) a partir de una muestra específica de 526 tweets de candidatos independentistas y constitucionalistas, 107 portadas de prensa y 4 informes del CIS, con objeto de conocer la equivalencia de temas y los efectos en la población. Resultados: El asunto de Cataluña es el tema protagonista en Twitter, en las portadas de prensa y un 29% de los españoles, lo sitúa como primer problema en las encuestas. En paralelo, el frame de conflicto se sitúa como eje del discurso. Discusión y conclusiones: Se confirma la proyección de la agenda política digital en la agenda setting, así como la influencia en la decisión y prioridad de los asuntos de interés público, registrados en los sondeos poblacionales. Un efecto que se agudiza especialmente en situaciones de conflicto político, vinculadas al Proceso de Independencia de Cataluña.
Competencias digitales en periodismo. Revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre nuevos perfiles profesionales del periodista
Authors: Marta Lazo Carmen , Rodríguez Rodríguez Jorge Miguel , Peñalva Sheila
Published: April 2020

Introducción: El estudio emprende un análisis de la literatura científica que ha centrado su interés en la formación en nuevas tecnologías de los profesionales de la información. Con esa finalidad, el trabajo acota la revisión a 119 artículos indexados en las bases de datos Web of Science (54) y Scopus (65), entre 1998 y 2017. El objetivo del estudio es determinar cuáles son las competencias tecnológicas más demandadas por la industria, y cuáles son los valores inalterables del periodismo. La exploración del corpus especulativo determina el siguiente resultado: los profesionales, los empresarios y las audiencias concuerdan que la pervivencia de un periodismo de calidad depende de la integración del entorno tecnológico, el económico y el de los principios esenciales de la profesión. La discusión plantea un tema de fondo en los que investigadores debemos profundizar: cómo las universidades pueden contribuir a la mejorara el periodismo en esos tres aspectos.
Hacia un modelo de narrativa en periodismo inmersivo
Authors: Caerols Mateo Raquel , Sidorenko Bautista Pavel , Garrido Pintado Pablo
Published: April 2020

Introducción: Ante el incremento de uso por parte de periodistas y medios de comunicación, de la realidad virtual y los contenidos inmersivos como formato para informar, nos hemos propuesto aportar un posible modelo de narrativa de realidad virtual para la producción de estos contenidos. Metodología: Se ha optado por un estudio mixto, donde lo cuantitativo está compuesto por encuestas realizadas a 60 individuos Generación Z españoles, al tiempo que dos grupos de discusión con 5-6 individuos de similar grupo etario. Asimismo, se consideró un análisis comparativo entre elementos de la narrativa inmersiva y la narrativa audiovisual tradicional, para alcanzar el fin deseado. Resultados y conclusiones: se evidencia la complejidad de la segmentación de audiencias en el ámbito digital, aunque los individuos pertenezcan al mismo entorno social. Los instrumentos de medición permitieron disponer de algunos elementos básicos para la creación de contenidos noticiosos en formatos multimedia con capacidad inmersiva, los cuales deben ir acompañados de un compromiso y constancia por parte de los medios de comunicación y periodistas implicados en procesos de innovación.
Smartphone: en comunicación, algo más que una adicción
Authors: Cuesta Cambra Ubaldo , Cuesta Díaz Victoria , Martínez Martínez Luz , Niño González José Ignacio
Published: April 2020

Diferentes trabajos han analizado la adicción al Smartphone (Young, 2009; Beard, 2005). Sin embargo, todavía no existe una base teórica sólida que permita interpretar desde la psicología social este trastorno adictivo, ni una herramienta de diagnóstico precoz breve derivada de este fundamento (Cuesta, Cuesta y Martínez, 2019). Se hace indispensable la creación de herramientas que permitan estudiar los mecanismos psicosociales que subyacen al uso problemático del Smartphone, y que aporte conocimientos que permitan analizar sus fundamentos psicosociales y posibles perfiles de uso. Objetivo: La creación de un cuestionario breve de adicción/uso problemático al Smartphone que permita investigar los diferentes perfiles psicosociales de uso. Método: Un meta análisis de la bibliografía permitió detectar los factores psicosociales validados empíricamente sobre los cuales existe mayor consenso. Posteriormente se realizaron tres grupos de discusión y cinco entrevistas en profundidad entre expertos y profesionales. Con estos datos se elaboró un cuestionario abreviado que fue cumplimentado por una muestra de jóvenes universitarios en dos ocasiones (test-retest). Resultados: El cuestionario obtuvo adecuados valores de Cronbach y test-retest en todos los ítems. El análisis factorial realizado permitió encontrar una estructura factorial de 4 factores de uso que fueron denominados: envolventes, socializados, virtualizados y estresados. Estas denominaciones, que remiten a los factores psicosociales presentes con mayor peso en cada factor, parecen indicar la existencia de diferentes patrones de uso problemático del móvil lo cual supone replantearse la adicción al Smartphone no como un único concepto y admitir la existencia de diferentes tipos de adicción. En un futuro se deberá explorar la existencia de factores y su vinculación a patrones de personalidad.
When It’s Impossible to Ignore: Development and Validation of the Sensory Habituation Questionnaire
Authors: Podoly Tamar Y. , Ben Sasson Ayelet
Published: April 2020

Importance: Sensory overresponsivity (SOR) in adults is frequently overlooked and misdiagnosed. In some cases, the sensory symptoms are attributed to psychopathology or negative emotionality. Developing sound tools for examining various dimensions of sensory overresponsivity in adults, particularly sensitivity versus habituation, can more precisely guide scientific and intervention efforts.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties, content validity, internal reliability, and construct validity of the new Sensory Habituation Questionnaire.

Design: A Classical Test Theory approach and a multitrait–multimethod matrix was used to evaluate the questionnaire’s psychometric properties.

Participants: A nonclinical sample of 160 adults ages 18–65 yr (mean = 31.85, standard deviation = 10.72); 56.87% were female.

Measures: Participants completed the Sensory Habituation Questionnaire, Sensory Perception Quotient, Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, and the Brief Symptom Inventory.

Results: The Sensory Habituation Questionnaire had high internal reliability (α = .88) and was significantly correlated with other standardized SOR questionnaires (rs = .57–.61). In contrast to the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile overresponsivity score, the perceptually oriented measures (the Sensory Perception Quotient and the Sensory Habituation Questionnaire) were not associated with the Brief Symptom Inventory.

Conclusions and Relevance: The Sensory Habituation Questionnaire is a tool that can evaluate the ability to ignore daily sensations independent of psychopathology symptoms. It can guide practitioners and researchers in breaking down the dimensions of SOR.

What This Article Adds: This article introduces a questionnaire for evaluating the rate of sensory habituation in adults, a dimension of SOR that greatly affects daily functioning. The questionnaire is also advantageous in identifying sensory difficulties that differ from psychopathological symptoms. Habituation is a crucial factor to consider in intervention, because it calls for work on the capacity to adjust to bothersome sensations.
Exploring Culture and Therapeutic Communication: Therapeutic Mode Use by Occupational Therapists in the United States and Singapore
Authors: Wong Su Ren , Fan Chia-Wei , Polatajko Helene
Published: April 2020

Importance: According to the Intentional Relationship Model, six therapeutic modes characterize client–therapist interactions in occupational therapy: advocating, collaborating, empathizing, encouraging, instructing, and problem solving. However, whether these modes hold across cultural contexts is not clear.

Objective: To compare therapeutic mode use in occupational therapy interactions in the United States and Singapore.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study; questionnaires were collected and compared from two convenience samples of occupational therapists from the United States and Singapore, and results were analyzed using t  tests and general linear modeling.

Setting: Large tertiary hospitals.

Participants: Occupational therapists were recruited if they had at least 6 mo experience in their clinical specialty. Adult client participants were recruited if they had or planned to have at least three occupational therapy sessions.

Outcomes and Measures: The therapist version of the Clinical Assessment of Modes (CAM–T) was used to assess occupational therapists’ therapeutic mode use in interactions with specific clients.

Results: A total of 74 U.S. and 39 Singaporean client–therapist interactions were assessed. U.S. therapists were more likely to use the upper end of the response scale; after we corrected for this, the pattern of mode use was similar in both cultural contexts, with instructing mode used the most. In absolute terms, U.S. therapists used the instructing mode more frequently than Singaporean therapists.

Conclusion and Relevance: Further research should be done to examine the sociocultural factors that affect responses on the CAM–T and mode use.

What This Article Adds: This study is the first to compare therapeutic mode use in different cultural settings. With the globalization of occupational therapy practice, it is important to consider the generalizability of occupational therapy concepts across cultures.
Soccer games and record-breaking PM2.5 pollution events in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Lapere Rémy , Menut Laurent , Mailler Sylvain , Huneeus Nicolás
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In wintertime, high concentrations of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are commonly observed in the metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile. Hourly peaks can be very strong, up to 10 times above average levels, but have barely been studied so far. Based on atmospheric composition measurements and chemistry-transport modeling (WRF-CHIMERE), the chemical signature of sporadic skyrocketing wintertime PM2.5 peaks is analyzed. This signature and the timing of such extreme events trace their origin back to massive barbecue cooking by Santiago's inhabitants during international soccer games. The peaks end up evacuated outside Santiago after a few hours but trigger emergency plans for the next day. Decontamination plans in Santiago focus on decreasing emissions from traffic, industry, and residential heating. Thanks to the air quality network of Santiago, this study shows that cultural habits such as barbecue cooking also need to be taken into account. For short-term forecast and emergency management, cultural events such as soccer games seem a good proxy to prognose possible PM2.5 peak events. Not only can this result have an informative value for the Chilean authorities but also a similar methodology could be reproduced for other cases throughout the world in order to estimate the burden on air quality of cultural habits.
Cosmic noise absorption signature of particle precipitation during interplanetary coronal mass ejection sheaths and ejecta
Authors: Kilpua Emilia , Juusola Liisa , Grandin Maxime , Kero Antti , Dubyagin Stepan , Partamies Noora , Osmane Adnane , George Harriet , Kalliokoski Milla , Raita Tero , Asikainen Timo , Palmroth Minna
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We study here energetic-electron (E>30 keV) precipitation using cosmic noise absorption (CNA) during the sheath and ejecta structures of 61 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) observed in the near-Earth solar wind between 1997 and 2012. The data come from the Finnish riometer (relative ionospheric opacity meter) chain from stations extending from auroral (IVA, 65.2∘ N geomagnetic latitude; MLAT) to subauroral (JYV, 59.0∘ N MLAT) latitudes. We find that sheaths and ejecta lead frequently to enhanced CNA (>0.5 dB) both at auroral and subauroral latitudes, although the CNA magnitudes stay relatively low (medians around 1 dB). Due to their longer duration, ejecta typically lead to more sustained enhanced CNA periods (on average 6–7 h), but the sheaths and ejecta were found to be equally effective in inducing enhanced CNA when relative-occurrence frequency and CNA magnitude were considered. Only at the lowest-MLAT station, JYV, ejecta were more effective in causing enhanced CNA. Some clear trends of magnetic local time (MLT) and differences between the ejecta and sheaths were found. The occurrence frequency and magnitude of CNA activity was lowest close to midnight, while it peaked for the sheaths in the morning and afternoon/evening sectors and for the ejecta in the morning and noon sectors. These differences may reflect differences in typical MLT distributions of wave modes that precipitate substorm-injected and trapped radiation belt electrons during the sheaths and ejecta. Our study also emphasizes the importance of substorms and magnetospheric ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves for enhanced CNA.
Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs
Authors: Jackson Rebecca L. , Gabric Albert J. , Cropp Roger , Woodhouse Matthew T.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Global climate change and the impacts of ocean warming, ocean acidification and declining water quality are adversely affecting coral-reef ecosystems. This is of great concern, as coral reefs provide numerous ecosystem, economic and social services. Corals are also recognised as being amongst the strongest individual sources of natural atmospheric sulfur, through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). In the clean marine boundary layer, biogenic sulfates contribute to new aerosol formation and the growth of existing particles, with important implications for the radiative balance over the ocean. Evidence suggests that DMS is not only directly involved in the coral stress response, alleviating oxidative stress, but also may create an “ocean thermostat” which suppresses sea surface
temperature through changes to aerosol and cloud properties. This review
provides a summary of the current major threats facing coral reefs and
describes the role of dimethylated sulfur compounds in coral ecophysiology
and the potential influence on climate. The role of coral reefs as a source
of climatically important compounds is an emerging topic of research;
however the window of opportunity to understand the complex biogeophysical
processes involved is closing with ongoing degradation of the world's coral
reefs. The greatest uncertainty in our estimates of radiative forcing and
climate change is derived from natural aerosol sources, such as marine DMS, which constitute the largest flux of oceanic reduced sulfur to the atmosphere. Given the increasing frequency of coral bleaching events, it is
crucial that we gain a better understanding of the role of DMS in local
climate of coral reefs.
Technical note: Estimating light-use efficiency of benthic habitats using underwater O2 eddy covariance
Authors: Attard Karl M. , Glud Ronnie N.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Light-use efficiency defines the ability of primary producers to convert sunlight energy to primary production and is computed as the ratio between the gross primary production and the intercepted photosynthetic active radiation. While this measure has been applied broadly within the atmospheric sciences to investigate resource-use efficiency in terrestrial habitats, it remains underused within the aquatic realm. This report provides a conceptual framework to compute hourly and daily light-use efficiency using underwater O2 eddy covariance, a recent technological development that produces habitat-scale rates of primary production under unaltered in situ conditions. The analysis, tested on two flux datasets, documents that hourly light-use efficiency may approach the maximum theoretical limit of 0.125 O2 photon−1 under low light conditions but it decreases rapidly towards the middle of the day and is typically an order of magnitude lower on a 24 h basis. Overall, light-use efficiency provides a useful measure of habitat functioning and facilitates site comparison in time and space.
Variations in diurnal and seasonal net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange in a semiarid sandy grassland ecosystem in China's Horqin Sandy Land
Authors: Niu Yayi , Li Yuqiang , Yun Hanbo , Wang Xuyang , Gong Xiangwen , Duan Yulong , Liu Jing
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Grassland ecosystems are major components of the terrestrial ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions, and play important roles in the regional carbon dioxide (CO2) balance and cycle. Sandy grasslands are sensitive to climate change, yet the magnitudes, patterns, and environmental controls of their CO2 flows are poorly understood. Here, we report the results from continuous year-round CO2 observations in 5 years from a sandy grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land. The result showed that the sandy grassland was a CO2 source at annual scale (with mean annual net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of 48.88 ± 8.10 g C m−2 yr−1 in completely year 2015, 2016 and 2018), the total precipitation was the most important factor for NEE. At the seasonal scale, the sandy grassland showed a CO2 absorption during the summer, and in the rest of the seasons, it were all expressed as CO2 release. The main environmental factor of NEE were temperature and soil water content (SWC) in spring, radiation in summer, soil heat flux (SHF) and temperature in autumn, and SWC and temperature in winter. At the diel scale, net radiation (Rn) was the most important factor of NEE in all seasons. The sandy grassland may have been a net annual CO2 source at annual scale because the study site is recovering from degradation, thus vegetation productivity is still relatively low. Therefore, the ecosystem has not yet transitioned to a CO2 sink and long-term observations will be necessary to reveal the true source or sink intensity and its response to environmental and biological factors.
Uncertainties, sensitivities and robustness of simulated water erosion in an EPIC-based global-gridded crop model
Authors: Carr Tony W. , Balkovič Juraj , Dodds Paul E. , Folberth Christian , Fulajtar Emil , Skalsky Rastislav
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Water erosion in agricultural fields can reduce soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Despite the impact of water erosion on crops, it is typically neglected in global crop yield projections. Furthermore, previous efforts to quantify global water erosion have paid little attention to the effects of field management on the magnitude of water erosion. In this study, we analyse the robustness of simulated water erosion estimates in wheat and maize fields between the years 1980 to 2010 based on daily model outputs from a global gridded version of the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) crop model. Using the MUSS water erosion equation and country-specific and environmental indicators determining different intensities in tillage, residue handling and cover crops, we simulate global annual median and average water erosion rates of 6 t ha−1 and 19 t ha−1 and an annual soil removal of 7 Gt in global wheat and maize fields. A comparison of our simulation results with field data demonstrates an overlap of simulated and measured water erosion values for the majority of global cropland. Slope inclination and daily precipitation are key factors in determining the agreement between simulated and measured erosion values and are the most critical input parameters controlling all water erosion equations included in EPIC. The many differences between field management methods worldwide and the varying water erosion estimates from different equations add uncertainty to the simulation results. To reduce the uncertainties addressed here and to improve global water erosion estimates generally, more data on global field management and more field data from study sites representing the diversity of environmental conditions where crops are grown are necessary.
A new distributed algorithm for routing network generation in model coupling and its evaluation based on C-Coupler2
Authors: Yu Hao , Liu Li , Sun Chao , Li Ruizhe , Yu Xinzhu , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Bin
Published: April 2020

Abstract. It is a fundamental functionality of a coupler for Earth system modeling to efficiently handle data transfer between component models. Routing network generation is a major step for initializing the data transfer functionality. Most existing couplers employ an inefficient and unscalable global implementation for routing network generation that relies on collective communications. That’s a main reason why the initialization cost of a coupler increases rapidly when using more processor cores. In this paper, we propose a new Distributed algorithm for Routing network generation (DaRong), which does not introduce any collective communication and achieves much lower complexities than the global implementation. DaRong is of course much more efficient and scalable than the global implementation, which has been further demonstrated via empirical evaluations. DaRong has already been implemented in C-Coupler2. We believe that existing and future couplers can also benefit from it.
A spatial decision support system for enhancing resilience to floods: bridging resilience modelling and geovisualization techniques
Authors: Heinzlef Charlotte , Becue Vincent , Serre Damien
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the context of climate change and increasing urbanization, floods are
considerably affecting urban areas. The concept of urban resilience may be
an interesting means of responding to urban flood issues. The objective of
this research is to propose a spatial decision support tool based on
geovisualization techniques and a resilience assessment method. The goal is
to localize the level of resilience modelled in different territories. The
methodology proposed consists of integrating three resilience indicators
applied to a case study in Avignon (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region,
France) and the use of geovisualization techniques: using GIS for data
processing and analysis, visualization, mapping, and model processing. The
methodology integrates decision-making by identifying characteristics
capable of improving urban resilience and facilitating its understanding
using a visual tool. The results demonstrate the usefulness of modelling
resilience using geovisualization techniques to identify the potential for
local resilience; integrate local stakeholders into a process of clarifying
the concept through the contribution of visualization; and consider easier
access to this concept based on data analysis, processing and visualization
through the design of maps.
Rainfall and rockfalls in the Canary Islands: assessing a seasonal link
Authors: Melillo Massimo , Gariano Stefano Luigi , Peruccacci Silvia , Sarro Roberto , Mateos Rosa Marìa , Brunetti Maria Teresa
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Rockfalls are frequent and harmful phenomena occurring in mountain ranges, coastal cliffs and slope cuts. Albeit several natural processes concur in their formation and triggering, rainfall is one of the most common causes. The prediction of rock failures is of social significance for civil protection purposes and can rely on the statistical analysis of past rainfall conditions that caused the failures. The paper describes the analysis of information on rainfall-induced rockfalls in Gran Canaria and Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). An analysis of the monthly rainfall versus the monthly distribution of rockfalls reveals that they are correlated for most of the year, except in summer, when other triggers act to induce collapses. National and regional catalogues with hourly and daily rainfall measurements are used to reconstruct the cumulated amount (E) and the duration (D) of the rainfall responsible for the rock failures. Adopting a consolidated statistical approach, new ED rainfall thresholds for possible rockfall occurrence and the associated uncertainties are calculated for the two test sites. As far as is known, this is the first attempt to predict this type of failure using the threshold approach. Using the rainfall information, a map of the mean annual rainfall is obtained for Gran Canaria and Tenerife, and it is used to assess the differences between the thresholds. The results of is study are expected to improve the ability to forecast rockfalls in the Canary Islands, in view of implementing an early warning system to mitigate the rockfall hazard and reduce the associated risk.
Las Televisiones autonómicas públicas en Facebook.
Authors: Díaz del Campo Lozano Jesús , Fernández-Gómez Erika
Published: April 2020

Este estudio se enmarca en un contexto caracterizado por el cambio de modelo televisivo, de modo que las televisiones autonómicas buscaron alternativas para continuar con su posicionamiento en el mercado. Así, esta investigación analiza la estrategia en Facebook de las cuatro televisiones autonómicas públicas con mayor audiencia en España (TV3, Aragón TV, TVG y Canal Sur). Se estudia si sus mensajes buscan promocionar los contenidos, interactuar con el usuario o generar engagement. Se analiza cómo influyen el empleo de recursos (fotografías, vídeo, enlaces, hashtags, etc.), el número de seguidores o el índice de audiencia. Se concluye que las cadenas promocionan sus contenidos y que la interacción con el usuario es limitada. Por lo que, la inclusión de estas cadenas en la red social en este periodo ha sido incipiente y evidencia la necesidad de que la estrategia de crecimiento se desarrolle a largo plazo.
Preferencias televisivas de la audiencia española (2005-2019): programas, formatos y cadenas
Authors: González-Neira Ana , Quintas-Froufe Natalia
Published: April 2020

En los últimos quince años el sector audiovisual español ha sufrido grandes transformaciones como el nacimiento de nuevos canales generalistas como Cuatro (2005) y La Sexta (2006), el apagón analógico y el fin de la publicidad en RTVE (2010) o la llegada de nuevos agentes emisores como Netflix (2105), que marcaron su desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer si ha habido evolución en las preferencias televisivas de los españoles durante el periodo 2005-2019 en un contexto de redefinición de la televisión como el actual. Las conclusiones indican que existe un desgaste de ciertos formatos como las series de ficción, se mantienen con éxito algunos programas históricos de la televisión en España y se incorporan algunos formatos fruto de la hibridación de géneros. Asimismo se constata un evidente incremento del éxito de contenidos conectados con el presente, anclados al momento actual y cuyo consumo en diferido les merma valor.
Evolución del prime time televisivo de Antena 3 (1990-2010)
Authors: García Mirón Silvia , Torres Romay Emma , García-Crespo Oswaldo
Published: April 2020

La llegada de la televisión privada supuso un punto y aparte en la historia del medio por el aumento de la oferta, introducción de estrategias de programación o incorporación de nuevos géneros (híbridos). En este contexto, resulta de interés poner el foco en la evolución de Antena 3 —primera emisora privada en España— realizando un análisis evolutivo de su programación y audiencia desde su nacimiento hasta el apagón analógico (1990-2010). Se realiza un análisis de contenido de las parrillas (4 semanas por año, representativas de la programación de cada temporada y la programación estacional) creando una base de datos en la que se incluyen, entre otros, los siguientes ítems: hora, día, mes y año de emisión; etapa del canal; género y macrogénero; o duración. El análisis muestra, entre otros resultados, que con cada cambio de accionista se han producido cambios directos en su programación; y se ha identificado la apuesta del canal por ciertos macrogéneros como la información y la ficción
An NDEA Model as Policy Tool to Support Managerial Decisions
Authors: Pinto Claudio
Published: April 2020

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric frontier approach used both to model production processes and/or production organisations of goods and services (public and private) as inputs/output systems and to measure their relative efficiency. However, in addition to being an instrument for measuring economic performances, the DEA is also used in its multiplicative version as a policy tool to support managerial decisions for the pursuit of competing objectives. Based on the data, the DEA offers an answer to the pursuit of competing objectives by placing it as a trade-off and calculating the optimal weights associated with each of them. Here, we will address two questions: 1) how to overcome the DEA modelling of decision-making units as "black boxes" that use inputs to be translated into outputs to taking into account the operations/stages involved in this transformation process, and 2) how to use the Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) approach as a policy tool. In particular, we will propose a way to use a relational NDEA model as a policy tool by exploiting the possibility of making assumptions about the model variables. In our opinion, compared to the standard DEA, the advantage of using the NDEA as a policy tool is that the policy objectives (in this case organisational) can also be disaggregated at the sub-process level. In particular, we will propose to translate the system of organisational objectives into an NDEA model as a mix of "discretionary/non-discretionary" assumptions about the variables of the model itself. To clarify our proposal, we will then develop an application in the public health services sector.
Becoming an EFL Teacher: A Re-Investigation of Student Teachers’ Motivation
Authors: Wong Ruth
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study reported in this paper was to explore the issues of motivation of student teachers before and after their two practicum blocks which were held in the third and final years of teacher training. Participants provided quantitative and qualitative data through questionnaires and in-depth interviews which were conducted at four time-points over two years: pre-practicum and post-practicum in the third and final years of studies. This study adopted mixed methods to collect data—questionnaires, in-depth interviews and weekly log entries. Results showed that the origins of student teachers’ worries were originated from different aspects, of which some later became the sources of motivation. The four longitudinal qualitative cases herein demonstrate how student teachers sources of motivation change over time.
Desacuerdos entre patrimonio, paisaje y medio ambiente: a propósito de Punta Nati (Reserva de la Biosfera de la Unesco en Menorca)
Authors: Silva Pérez Rocío , Fernández Salinas Víctor
Published: April 2020

Este artículo versa sobre los desacuerdos generados por cambios de usos del suelo en espacios de elevado valor patrimonial derivados de actuaciones contradictorias en sus efectos ambientales, patrimoniales y paisajísticos. Se centra en la polémica suscitada por tres proyectos de energías renovables previstos en Punta Nati (zona noroccidental de Menorca). Se plantean dos objetivos: 1) analizar los cambios asociados a la evolución desde un paisaje predominantemente ganadero a otro mixto ganadero y energético, atendiendo a los valores patrimoniales que se comprometen y al soporte normativo sobre los que se sustentan, y 2) identificar a los actores protagonistas de la polémica y sus percepciones y actitudes ante los cambios. El ejemplo de Punta Nati es significativo y expresivo del debate patrimonial y ambiental actual y se centra en las potencialidades del paisaje para dirimir problemas territoriales complejos.
Gastric carcinoma metastasis to the palatine tonsil – case report
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Dariusz , Zagacki Dawid , Braun Marcin , Morawiec-Sztandera Alina
Published: April 2020

Aim: The aim of the study is to present a rare case of metastatic tumor localized in pharyngeal tonsil being the first symptom of gastric carcinoma.
Case report: Retrospective analysis of medical documentation was performed. A 44-years-old men was referred to the Department presenting a complaint of enlarged right pharyngeal tonsil. The mass was not painful. Patient reported tobacco smoking (20/day) for many years. In the intraoral examination a 2 cm right palatine tonsil was present. There was a slight asymmetry between tonsils. Local lymph nodes were not enlarged. FNAC was performed stating suspicion of carcinoma. Patient was qualified for the tonsillectomy under general anesthesia. Histopathological finding was adenocarcinoma (G2) infiltration. Due to no correlation of clinical presentation and histopathological finding PET-CT examination was performed revealing massive gastric infiltration, tumor of the left adrenal gland, increased 18-FDG uptake in epigastrial and para-aortic lymph nodes. Gastroscopy and biopsy was performed. Histopathological material confirmed adenocarcinoma presenting the same immunotype as tonsillar. Patient was qualified for paliative treatment. He died 6 weeks after stating the diagnosis. Metastases to the pharyngeal tonsils constitute rare disease entities. Mostly the primary site is localized in the region of head and neck. In our case the metastatic tumor of the right tonsil was the first sign of the gastric cancer.
CRIMINAL ANALYSIS – AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR COMBATTING ORGANISED ECONOMIC CRIME
Authors: WOJTALEWICZ MARIUSZ , SPEICHERT-ZALEWSKA BEATA
Published: April 2020

Criminal analysis in law enforcement agencies’ work has been
around for many years. Initially, it was used by police offi cers in a nonformalised
way, its main purpose being to try to understand and systematise
crimes. Attempts to draw conclusions from the collected data contributed
to greater effectiveness of the detection process. Nowadays, the need for effi
ciency in processing the increasing amount of data, and the far-reaching
professionalisation of criminal groups have resulted in the fact that criminal
analysis is no longer a cure-all for a lack of thinking, but an indispensable
tool in the effective fi ght against crime.
Considering the above, the article presents the need for the effective use
of criminal analysis in combatting mainly organised crime of an economic
nature.
CRIME CONTROL IN THE COAL MINING INDUSTRY. IN SEARCH OF EFFECTIVE COOPERATION BETWEEN COAL MINING COMPANIES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES: THE CASE OF THE JOINT-STOCK COMPANY POLSKA GRUPA GÓRNICZA S.A.
Authors: LEŚNIEWSKI KAMIL
Published: April 2020

The specifi city of crimes related to the coal mining industry means
that the importance of an effective and effi cient fl ow of information between
coal companies and law enforcement agencies is often pivotal to achieving
success in investigation and prosecution. In the case of these crimes, the
risk of misunderstanding technical issues related to the particularities of
the coal mining sector is a serious impediment to successfully addressing
violations of criminal law. The paper critically analyses and evaluates the
current forms of cooperation between the largest coal mining company in
the European Union, i.e., Polska Grupa Górnicza S.A. and law enforcement
agencies. The article stresses the importance of the internal control system
in detecting criminal activity inside the company, emphasising that the indepth
knowledge and resources held by the internal control entity are, in
principle, highly valuable sources of information to law enforcement agencies,
and may be practically utilised to optimise as well as accelerate investigative
and evidence-gathering procedures. The paper concludes with a claim
that a proactive and participative approach of both law enforcement agencies
and private business establishments is indicated in their interactions and
helps them to achieve common goals. The author presents good practices in
the area under study, and discusses potential improvements.