bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado nutricional y estrategias de soporte nutricional en cuidado intensivo pediátrico Cali-Colombia
Authors: Lovera Montilla Luis Alexander , Cáceres Villota Mónica
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Hospital malnutrition is the result of the conjugation between nutritional alterations generated by the underlying pathology and nutritional risk factors given by hospitalization. It is one of the main complications and the main cause of increased morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care units. Objective: to describe the nutritional status and nutritional support strategies used in a pediatric intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, using convenience sampling in 30 children hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed, based on the theoretical model proposed by the nursing theorist Virginia Henderson. Results: 70% of the children were admitted with pathologies that generate a high risk of malnutrition, 43% were admitted with depleted nutritional status, 97% had nutritional support early, 87% of the children received caloric intake adequate to their needs, 6% of the children presented malnutrition during hospitalization, these results allowed the assessment of the need to eat and drink in children. Conclusions: Biological factors such as admission pathologies, previous nutritional status, and age, represented a negative influence on the satisfaction of the need to eat and drink in the children in the study and, therefore, on the risk of hospital malnutrition.

Introducción: La desnutrición hospitalaria es el resultado de la conjugación entre las alteraciones nutricionales generadas por la patología de base y los factores de riesgo nutricional dados por la hospitalización. Constituye una de las principales complicaciones y principal causa del aumento de la morbimortalidad en las unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico. Objetivo: Describir el estado nutricional y las estrategias de soporte nutricional utilizadas en una unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo con corte transversal, se utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia en 30 niños hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico. Se realizó un análisis univariado y bivariado, a partir del modelo teórico planteado por la teórica de enfermería Virginia Henderson, Resultados: 70% de los niños ingresaron con patologías que generan alto riesgo de desnutrición, el 43% ingresaron con depleción del estado nutricional, 97% contaban con soporte nutricional temprano, 87% de los niños recibieron aporte calórico adecuado a las necesidades, 6% de los niños presentó desnutrición durante la hospitalización, estos resultados permitieron realizar la valoración de la necesidad de comer y beber en los niños. Conclusiones: Factores biológicos como las patologías de ingreso, el estado nutricional previo y la edad, representaron una influencia negativa sobre la satisfacción de la necesidad de comer y beber en los niños del estudio y, por lo tanto, sobre el riesgo de padecer desnutrición hospitalaria.
Development and Validation of a PLE Scale from the Learner and Learning Perspective in Tertiary Education
Authors: Xu XiaoShu , Zhang Yunfeng , Zhong Kexin , Lei Vivian Ngan-Lin , Liu Jia
Published: January 2023

The study's goal is to create and validate a Personal Learning Environment Scale (PLEs) from the learner and learning perspective (named PLEsS-LL) to ensure effective learning in Chinese tertiary education. 657 undergraduates participated in the study after completing scale development steps. Six factors were extracted from the PLEsS-LL using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the six-factor scale with 22 items. Furthermore, the PLEsS-LL was redesigned as a questionnaire to assess learners' readiness for PLE learning. The findings indicated that participants were comfortable learning in PLEs in general. They were mostly positive in terms of learning motivation and problem-solving abilities. They did, however, report less confidence in self-directed learning. Meanwhile, male participants outperformed female participants in all categories except learning motivation. The reasons were explained, and suggestions for future PLE design were made. The PLEsS-LL could be used as a resource or guide for learner preparation in the PLE context in higher education around the world.

El objetivo del estudio es crear y validar una Escala de Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje (PLEsS) desde la perspectiva del alumno y el aprendizaje (llamada PLEsS-LL) para garantizar un aprendizaje efectivo en la educación terciaria china. 657 estudiantes universitarios participaron en el estudio después de completar los pasos de desarrollo de escala. Se extrajeron seis factores del PLEsS-LL mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (EFA). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) apoyó la escala de seis factores con 22 ítems. Además, el PLEsS-LL fue rediseñado como un cuestionario para evaluar la preparación de los alumnos para el aprendizaje PLE. Los hallazgos indicaron que los participantes se sentían cómodos al aprender en PLE en general. En su mayoría fueron positivos en términos de motivación de aprendizaje y habilidades para resolver problemas. Sin embargo, informaron menos confianza en el aprendizaje autodirigido. Mientras tanto, los participantes masculinos superaron a las participantes femeninas en todas las categorías, excepto en la motivación de aprendizaje. Se explicaron las razones y se hicieron sugerencias para el diseño futuro de PLE. El PLEsS-LL podría utilizarse como un recurso o guía para la preparación del alumno en el contexto de los PLEs en la educación superior de todo el mundo.
Desarmando "Amadís" y "Las Sergas": la propuesta ideológica en los paratextos de "Florisando" (1510) y sus fuentes
Authors: García Ruiz María Aurora
Published: January 2023

En el presente trabajo se analizan los paratextos (prefacio y capítulos liminares) de Florisando (1510), obra de Páez de Ribera, con el objetivo de comprender buena parte de su propuesta ideológica. En este proemio se toma como punto de partida la idea de reescribir pasajes de carácter herético en el modelo paradigmático, Amadís y Las Sergas, y de eliminar la mentalidad mágica proyectada en estos libros de caballerías. En las siguientes páginas se explica cómo el sexto libro de la saga amadisiana intenta desacreditar la creencia en la ciencia oculta a través de la argumentación hermenéutica y teologal. Al realizar esta disertación el escritor crea un razonamiento en el que afirma que existen personas con dotes premonitorias o de pronosticación. Por tanto, el libro termina permeándose de aspectos teúrgicos imperantes en el quinientos español. Los principales elementos de reprobación en Florisando son los personajes que practican la hechicería, concretamente, las magas de los libros anteriores a este, pues considera que su arte procede de los espíritus malignos y de los seres demoniacos. Asimismo, Páez de Ribera pretende lidiar en su libro contra la superstición y las creencias en lo sobrenatural que fomentaron los libros de Rodríguez de Montalvo y, sin embargo, en cierto modo crea un prólogo demoniaco —pues defiende la existencia del diablo—, cimentado en argumentos que defienden otro dogma herético: la pronosticación.
La nave como heterotopía en los libros de caballerías
Authors: Bazzaco Stefano
Published: January 2023

A partir de la definición de las características principales que definen el motivo del barco encantado en los libros de caballerías, se estudian las variaciones del mismo dentro de un extenso corpus de textos caballerescos. En concreto, se describe la representación del medio de transporte encantado en las obras fundacionales del género, individuando en la fusta de la Serpiente de Urganda el modelo para las naves animalizadas y edificios flotantes que emplean posteriormente otros autores. Se aprovecha finalmente la definición foucaultiana de heterotopía para explicar la configuración de la nave encantada como espacio de la aventura maravillosa.
Del "Vespasiano" que editó Bonilla y San Martín en 1908, o Del hallazgo de un raro y curioso post-incunable toledano
Authors: Martín Abad Julián
Published: January 2023

En esta nota se ofrece la noticia del hallazgo del primer ejemplar conocido de la edición de La Destruicion de Jerusalem, en que se ofreció la Estoria del noble Vespasiano, cuyo texto editó Adolfo Bonilla y San Martín en 1908, sin ninguna información sobre la impresión ni sobre el ejemplar utilizado. Se analizan los elementos de interés tipobibliográfico y biblioiconográfico que justifican la atribución de la impresión al taller toledano del Sucesor de Pedro Hagenbach, presumiblemente en 1510.
Les edicions catalanes de la "Història de l’esforçat cavaller Partinobles": una revisió
Authors: Sequero García M.ª Ángeles , Serrano Monteagudo José Octavio
Published: January 2023

L’objecte d’aquest treball és fer una revisió de les edicions catalanes del Partinobles per tal d’ordenar-les cronològicament a la llum de noves investigacions a partir de la col·lació dels testimonis que ens han pervingut i de l’aparat crític de les variants dialectals.
Aporien der Macht. Wer hat in der Demokratie das Sagen, der Bürger oder das politische System?
Authors: Schalkowski Edmund
Published: January 2023

Der Essay geht von der Beobachtung aus, dass in der Selbstbeschreibung moderner Demokratien zwei große Erzählungen unversöhnlich aufeinanderprallen: einerseits das naive Narrativ der Volkssouveränität, wonach freie und gleiche Bürger ihre Repräsentanten wählen, die dann kollektive Entscheidungen in deren Sinne treffen; andererseits das elitär-analytische Narrativ der Selbstreferenzialität des politischen Systems, in dem Parteifunktionäre um Macht kämpfen und die Interessen der Bürger nur als Spielmaterial benutzen. Das Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist eine Theorie der Entstehung von Macht in modernen demokratischen Gesellschaften, die auf der Dialektik von zwei Machttypen (positioneller und amtlicher Macht) basiert. Sie will den Nachweis erbringen, dass die Paradoxie der beiden Erzählungen konstitutiv in Innern der Demokratie angesiedelt ist, also weder zur einen noch zur anderen Seite aufgelöst werden darf, wenn man die Realität nicht verzerren will.
Helical coils augment embolization of the middle meningeal artery for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: A technical note
Authors: Wali Arvin R. , Himstead Alexander , Bravo Javier , Brandel Michael G. , Hirshman Brian R. , Pannell J. Scott , Nguyen Andrew D. , Santiago-Dieppa David R.
Published: January 2023

Embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) is a safe and effective adjunct in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. While prior authors describe the use of coils to assist embolization by preventing reflux through eloquent collaterals, we de- scribe the use of coils to further open the MMA, allowing the administration of greater amounts of embolisate for a more robust embolization. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that helical coils can safely open the MMA following the administration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. This allows for more embolisate to be administered into the MMA for more effective treatment. A retrospective review was conducted at our institution including intraoperative images and postoperative clinical and radiographic follow up. Failure rates using MMA embolization with PVA and helical coil augmentation were compared to failure rates in the literature of MMA embolization with PVA or ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer alone. A total of 8 cases were reviewed in which this technique was implemented. There were no immediate complications after treatment. All patients that underwent helical coil embolization following the administration of PVA had increased amount of embolisate delivered into the MMA. All patients at follow up had resolution of the subdural hematoma on outpatient imaging. Helical coil embolization allows for more embolisate administration into the MMA and provides a technical advantage for patients that fail traditional techniques of embolization. Case series are taking place to further test this hypothesis and identify the ideal patient population that may gain maximal yield from this novel technique.
Optimization of fermentation conditions for production of ethyl caproate in Baijiu using a selected isolate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ran Yang , Pengxiao Liu , Xu Chang , Jiangqi Xu , Huan Yin , Guangsen Fan , Chao Teng , Xiuting Li , Yi Gong
Published: January 2023

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is indispensable in the production of Baijiu. This yeast not only produces ethanol, but also produces many flavorsubstances that impart unique quality characteristics to Baijiu. Ethyl caproate (EC) is the main flavor substance of strong-flavor Baijiu(SFB). S. cerevisiae that can produce a high yield of EC is critical for SFB production. In the present study, S. cerevisiae isolate YF1914produced an EC content of 1.27 mg/L, which was greater than that produced by other test isolates obtained from several Baijiu brewingenvironments. Through single factor experiments, the influence of various factors on EC production by YF1914 was measured. Eightvariables were tested using a Plackett-Burman design, and ethanol content, induction time, caproic acid content, initial pH, and temperaturesignificantly affected EC production. Further studies were done using the steepest ascent path and response surface methodology (RSM)designs to identify optimized fermentation conditions for EC production. The optimum conditions were found to be: sorghum hydrolysatemedium (SHM) with a sugar content of 12 Brix and an initial pH of 5.0, inoculum size 5% (v/v), incubation at 28 °C with shaking at180 rpm for 32 h, addition of 10% (v/v) ethanol and 0.046% (v/v) caproic acid at 32 h, then static culture at 24 °C for 32 h. Theoptimized conditions produced an EC content of 21.98 mg/L or 17.3 times greater than the content obtained using initial conditions. Thus,a selected S. cerevisiae isolate with high EC yield was obtained, which can potentially improve SFB quality by increasing EC content.Keywords: ethyl caproate; optimization; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; strong-flavor Baijiu
Maternity Care Deserts in the US
Authors: Sonenberg Andrea , Mason Diana J.
Published: January 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses community models of perinatal care, workforce challenges, and policies to reduce maternity deserts.
Autobiographical memory in the digital age: Insights based on the subjective reports of users of smart journaling apps
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian , Schläger Linus , Meerson Rinat
Published: January 2023

Humans have long used external memory aids to support remembering. However, modern digital technologies could facilitate recording and remembering personal information in an unprecedented manner. The present research sought to understand the potential impact of these technologies on autobiographical memory based on interviews with users of smart journaling apps. In Study 1 (N = 12), participants who had no prior experience with smart journaling apps tested the app Day One for 2 weeks and were interviewed about their subjective perceptions afterwards. In order to cross‐validate the obtained findings, Study 2 (N = 4) was based on in‐depth interviews with long‐time users of different smart journaling apps. Taken together, the two studies provide insights into the way autobiographical remembering may change in the digital age – but also into the opportunities and risks potentially associated with the use of technologies that allow creating a detailed and multimedia‐based record of one's life.
In Vitro Properties and Pharmacokinetics of Temporarily PEGylated Onc72 Prodrugs
Authors: Mohammed Gubran Khalil , Böttger Roland , Krizsan Andor , Volke Daniela , Mötzing Marina , Li Shyh‐Dar , Knappe Daniel , Hoffmann Ralf
Published: January 2023

The favorable properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to rapidly kill pathogens are often limited by unfavorable pharmacokinetics due to fast degradation and renal clearance rates. Here, a prodrug strategy linking proline‐rich AMP Onc72 to polyethylene glycol (PEGs) with average molecular weights of 5 and 20 kDa via a peptide linker containing a protease cleavage site is tested for the first time in vivo. Onc72 is released from these 5k‐ and 20k‐prodrugs in mouse serum with half‐life times (t1/2) of 8 and 14 h, respectively. Importantly, PEGylation protects Onc72 from proteolytic degradation providing a prolonged release of Onc72, balancing the degradation of free Onc72, and leading to relatively stable Onc72 concentrations and high antibacterial activities. The prodrugs are not hemolytic on human erythrocytes and show only slight cytotoxic effects on human cell lines indicating promising safety margins. When administered subcutaneously to female CD‐1 mice, the prodrugs elimination t1/2 are 66 min and ≈5.5 h, respectively, compared to 43 min of free Onc72. The maximal Onc72 plasma levels are obtained ≈1 and ≈8 h postadministration, respectively. In conclusion, the prodrugs provide extended elimination t1/2 and a constant release of Onc72 in mice, potentially limiting adverse effects and increasing efficacy.
First Principles Calculations of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Proton Migration on Stepped Surfaces of SrTiO3
Authors: Sokolov Maksim , Mastrikov Yuri A. , Zvejnieks Guntars , Bocharov Dmitry , Krasnenko Veera , Exner Kai S. , Kotomin Eugene A.
Published: January 2023

Recent research suggests that photocatalytic activity toward water splitting of strontium titanate SrTiO3 (STO) is enhanced by creating multifaceted nanoparticles. To better understand the source of this activity, a previously designed model is used for two types of surfaces of this nanoparticle, flat and double‐stepped. Density functional theory calculations of water adsorption on these surfaces are performed to gain insight into water adsorption and proton migration processes, as well as thermodynamics of hydrogen evolution reaction within the framework of computational hydrogen electrode. It is concluded that ridges of single‐ and double‐stepped surfaces are nearly identical in terms of adsorption configurations and energetics. Also, it is demonstrated that protons have migration barriers lower than 0.7 eV and that surface morphology impacts catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction, with flat surface demonstrating higher catalytic activity.
Self Assembly of Patchy Anisotropic Particle Forming Free Standing Monolayer Film
Authors: Varma Vikki Anand , Kritika  , Singh Jaskaran , Babu Sujin B.
Published: January 2023

Synthesizing thin films using self assembly is one of the important challenges which needs to be addressed for making engineered material using colloidal particle, necessary for creating novel material for photonic, filtration application, etc. Here, a simple model of prolate ellipsoidal particle with two directional bonds is presented and the phase behavior is studied using NVT and NpT Monte Carlo simulation. It is observed that for anisotropic particles with patches two different type of 3D ordered structures are formed along with thermodynamically stable monolayer which is confirmed using thermodynamic integration. The phase diagram shows that the desired 2D super structure can be created using simple self assembly route.
Food retailer response to price gouging litigation
Authors: Scheitrum Daniel , Schaefer K. Aleks , Saitone Tina
Published: January 2023

Price gouging laws are designed to protect consumers from skyrocketing prices, but are they beneficial in practice? In this research, we analyze food retailers' response to widespread price gouging litigation for table eggs at the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our results suggest that price gouging litigation led to a dramatic change in US food retailer behavior, which persisted long after the resolution of many of these legal disputes. Major grocery retail chains responded to price gouging litigation by announcing price freezes on thousands of staple products. By rigidly adhering to pre‐pandemic price levels for eggs, we find that retailer response led to a breakdown in the historic dynamic equilibrium relationship between egg prices and the costs of major inputs. At a time when the cost of egg production increased sharply, we find that retailers chose to reduce their purchases and price promotions for eggs rather than raise prices. This suggests that—in response to price gouging litigation—food retailers are willing to accept empty shelves in lieu of increasing prices.
Phase separation‐induced nanoprecipitation for making polymer nanoparticles with high drug loading
Authors: Yang Guangze , Liu Yun , Jin Song , Hui Yue , Wang Xing , Xu Letao , Chen Dong , Weitz David , Zhao Chun‐Xia
Published: January 2023

Increasing drug loading remains a critical challenge in the development and translation of nanomedicine. High drug‐loading nanoparticles have demonstrated unique advantages such as less carrier material used, better‐controlled drug release, and improved efficacy and safety. Herein, we report a simple and efficient salt concentration screening method for making polymer nanoparticles with exceptionally high drug loading (up to 66.5 wt%) based on phase separation‐induced nanoprecipitation. Upon addition of salt, phase separation occurs in a miscible solvent‐water solution delaying the precipitation time of drugs and polymers to different extents, facilitating their co‐precipitation thus the formation of high drug‐loading nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency (>90%) and excellent stability (>1 month). This technology is versatile and easy to be adapted to various hydrophobic drugs, different polymers, and solvents. This salt‐induced nanoprecipitation strategy offers a novel approach to fabricating polymer nanoparticles with tunable drug loading, and opens great potentials for future nanomedicines.
A complementarity‐based vapor‐liquid equilibrium formulation for equation‐oriented simulation and optimization
Authors: Dabadghao Vibhav , Ghouse Jaffer , Eslick John , Lee Andrew , Burgard Anthony , Miller David , Biegler Lorenz
Published: January 2023

Vapor‐liquid equilibrium (VLE) is a cornerstone of computer‐aided process engineering (CAPE). Embedded within process system models, VLE calculations are inherently procedural with non‐smooth behavior that frequently requires discrete decisions. Traditionally, these features resist the incorporation of VLE within efficient, large‐scale equation‐oriented (EO) process simulation and optimization strategies. On the other hand, recent reformulation of VLE models through the incorporation of complementarity constraints has broadened its scope to deal seamlessly with phase transitions and even supercritical excursions in process simulation and optimization. In this study, we extend these VLE complementarity models to EO frameworks where procedural thermodynamic property libraries are still required. Here we develop an efficient, non‐intrusive, and intuitive “square‐flash” equation system that has been implemented within the IDAES Integrated Platform (IDAES‐IP). The effectiveness of this modular approach is demonstrated on case studies for non‐ideal flash calculations and distillation optimization, with disappearing phases and supercritical transitions.
Localization, induction, and cellular effects of tau phosphorylated at threonine 2171
Authors: Rajbanshi Binita , Guruacharya Anuj , Mandell James W. , Bloom George S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Tau phosphorylation at T217 is a promising Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker, but its functional consequences were unknown.

Methods

Human brain and cultured mouse neurons were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for total tau, taupT217, taupT181, taupT231, and taupS396/pS404. Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) super resolution microscopy was used to localize taupT217 in cultured neurons. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐tau was expressed in fibroblasts as wild type and T217E pseudo‐phosphorylated tau, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) reported tau turnover rates on microtubules.

Results

In the brain, taupT217 appears in neurons at Braak stages I and II, becomes more prevalent later, and co‐localizes partially with other phospho‐tau epitopes. In cultured neurons, taupT217 is increased by extracellular tau oligomers (xcTauOs) and is associated with developing post‐synaptic sites. FRAP recovery was fastest for EGFP‐tauT217E.

Conclusion

TaupT217 increases in the brain as AD progresses and is induced by xcTauOs. Post‐synaptic taupT217 suggests a role for T217 phosphorylation in synapse impairment. T217 phosphorylation reduces tau's affinity for microtubules.

Highlights

Validation of anti‐tau phosphorylated at threonine‐217 (taupT217) specificity is essential due to epitope redundancy.

taupT217 increases as Alzheimer's disease progresses and is found throughout diseased neurons.

taupT217 is associated with developing post‐synaptic sites in cultured neurons.

Extracellular oligomers of tau, but not amyloid beta, increase intracellular taupT217.

T217E pseudo‐phosphorylation reduces tau's affinity for microtubules.
Eu3+‐activated red phosphor Ca3YAl3B4O15 with low thermal quenching behaviour
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Lingling , Wu Meihua , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui , Min Xin
Published: January 2023

This paper reports a sequence of a Ca3YAl3B4O15:xEu3+ red phosphor prepared using a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. At the excitation of 396 nm, the samples emitted intense red emission centred at ~623 nm, which could be attributed to the 5D0→7F2 transition of the Eu3+ ion. The results showed that the optimum Eu3+ doping concentration of Ca3YAl3B4O15:Eu3+ phosphor was x = 80 mol%, and the concentration quenching mechanism of Ca3YAl3B4O15:Eu3+ red phosphor belonged to the exchange coupling between Eu3+ ions. The Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) coordinates and colour purity of Ca3Y0.2Al3B4O15:0.8Eu3+ were calculated as (0.6375, 0.3476) and 95.5%, respectively. Moreover, the red emission of the obtained phosphor Ca3YAl3B4O15:0.8Eu3+ exhibited a low thermal quenching behaviour with an intensity retention rate of 92.85% at 150°C. The above results manifest that the Eu3+‐activated Ca3YAl3B4O15 phosphor is predicted to be a promising red luminescent component for white light‐emitting diodes.
Measurement of protein in vivo turnover rate with metabolic labeling using LC–MS
Authors: Shi Yifan , Weng Naidong , Jian Wenying
Published: January 2023

Understanding the protein dynamics of a drug target is important for pharmaceutical research because it provides insight into drug design, target engagement, pharmacodynamics and drug efficacy. Nonradioactive isotope labeling has been the method of choice for protein turnover measurement thanks to the advancement of high‐resolution mass spectrometry. While the changes in proteome in cell cultures can be monitored precisely, as the culture media can be completely replaced with 2H‐, 15N‐ or 13C‐labeled essential amino acids, quantifying rates of protein synthesis in vivo is more challenging. The amount of isotope tracer that can be administered into the body is relatively small compared with the existing protein, thus requiring more sensitive detection, and the precursor‐product labeling relationship is more complicated to interpret. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the principles of in vivo protein turnover studies using deuterium water (2H2O) with an emphasis on targeted protein analysis by hybrid LC–MS assay platforms. The pursuit of these opportunities will facilitate drug discovery and research in preclinical and clinical stages.
Consider how Title IX could apply to employment of student‐athletes
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2023

When Mark Emmert commented just a few months before leaving his post as NCAA President that Title IX has “nothing to do with employment,” he stirred up some confusion about whether schools would have to apply Title IX to student‐athletes if they were defined as employees of those schools.
To prevent dangers, liabilities of hazing, take a proactive approach
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: January 2023

Several recent articles and lawsuits have been highlighting the fact that hazing remains a recurring issue within collegiate sports.
Former college basketball star thrives in athletics administration
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: January 2023

A passion for college sports, degrees in accounting and athletics administration, and experience as both a college basketball player and coach have proven to be a winning combination for DaShena Stevens as the Deputy Director of Athletics at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio, Texas. Her role supports the AD's vision for the athletics department, which aligns with the overall vision of UIW, the largest Catholic university in Texas.
Degradation study of some pharmaceuticals in commercial formulation by electro‐Fenton process using a dimensionally stable anode cathode: Analytical technique, optimization conditions, and energy consumption
Authors: Appia Foffié Thiery Auguste , Ouattara Lassiné
Published: January 2023

The aim of this work was to degrade pharmaceuticals such as amoxicillin (AMX), ceftriaxone (CTX), and Telebrix (TLX) by electro‐Fenton (EF) process using a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) cathode, Pt‐RuO2‐IrO2 (PRI). For this purpose, the optimal conditions of degradation, the pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, the current efficiency, the electrochemical energy consumption (EEC), and the energy cost have been investigated. A spectrophotometric analysis technique has been developed. It is a simple, fast, linear, reliable, and selective technique with LOD = 0.013 g/L and LOQ = 0.04 g/L. The optimum working conditions determined are: Fe2+ = 0.2 mM, pH = 3, j = 20 mA/cm2, and (Pt, PRI) as electrode pair. Under these conditions, the EF process leads to a conversion of the parent compound. In addition, the degradation of compounds by EF follows pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. The EEC for the degradation of 1 kg COD of an organic compound is 99.48, 66.86, and 50.32 kWh kg COD−1 for AMX, CTX, and TLX respectively. The energy cost for processing these compounds is $4.92 (AMX), $10.03 (CTX), and $7.55 (TLX) with current efficiencies between 26% and 51%. Ultimately, the EF process using PRI at the cathode can be used for the treatment of real wastewater from health centres under optimal conditions.
Genetic fine‐mapping of anthracnose disease‐resistance allele Co‐14 present in the Andean common bean cultivar AND 277
Authors: Lima Laíze Raphaelle Lemos , Gonçalves‐Vidigal Maria Celeste , Vaz Bisneta Mariana , Valentini Giseli , Vidigal Filho Pedro Soares , Martins Vanusa da Silva Ramos , de Souza Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Anthracnose (ANT) is among the common bean fungal diseases responsible for significant yield and grain quality losses. Durable genetic resistance is the primary ANT control method due to the pathogen's high variability. Genetic studies showed that the common bean chromosome Pv01 contains multiple disease resistance genes, including the ANT resistance loci Co‐1 (Co‐12, Co‐13, Co‐14, Co‐15, Co‐1HY, and Co‐1x), Co‐AC, Co‐14, Co‐Pa, Co‐Perla, Co‐w, Co‐x, and CoPv01CDRK. This work aimed to: (i) perform the genetic fine‐mapping of the Co‐14 allele present in the cultivar AND 277, using recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between Rudá × AND 277; and (ii) identify candidate resistance genes in the Co‐14 allele based on the common bean reference genome. Initially, the Co‐14 allele was mapped between the single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers ss715645251 and ss715645250 at a distance of 2.0 and 19.6 cM, respectively. Fine‐mapping localized Co‐14 between the markers ss715645251 and BARCPVSSR01356, spanning a 40.51 kb region at the end of Pv01. Two genes are described within the Co‐14 region in the reference genome, Phvul.001G243800 and Phvul.001G243900. The linkage between the Co‐14 allele and the markers ss715645251 and BARCPVSSR01356 will be essential for plant breeding programs during the resistance gene transfer to elite cultivars via marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Identifying and functionally analyzing candidate resistance genes in this region will allow more efficient MAS by developing accurate markers for ANT resistance.
Regulating the Solvation Shell Structure of Lithium Ions for Smooth Li Metal Deposition in Quasi‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jiaming , Kang Cong , Mo Shengkai , Zhang Yan , Xiao Xiangjun , Kong Fanpeng , Yin Geping
Published: January 2023

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) are promising next‐generation electrolytes for high‐energy batteries, combining the multiple advantages of liquid and all‐solid‐state electrolytes. Herein, we a synthesized GPE using poly(ethylene glycol)acrylate (PEGDA) in order to understand how the GPE efficiently inhibits lithium dendrite formation and growth. The effects of PEGDA on the solvation shell structure of the lithium ion are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, which are also supported by Raman spectroscopy. The GPE electrolytes with optimal PEGDA concentration exhibit high transference numbers (t
=0.72) and ionic conductivity (σ=3.24 mS cm−1). A symmetric lithium ion battery using GPE can be stably cycled for 1200 h in comparison to 320 h in a liquid electrolyte (LE), possibly owing to the high content of LiF (17.9 %) in the solid–electrolyte interphase film of the GPE cell. The observed concentration/electric field gradient observed through the finite element method also accounts for the good cycling performance. In addition, a LiCoO2|GPE|Li cell demonstrates excellent capacity retention of 87.09 % for 200 cycles; this approach could present promising guidelines for the design of high‐energy lithium batteries.
Clustering and classification of vertical movement profiles for ecological inference of behavior
Authors: Barbour Nicole , Robillard Alexander J. , Shillinger George L. , Lyubchich Vyacheslav , Secor David H. , Fagan William F. , Bailey Helen
Published: January 2023

Vertical movements can expose individuals to rapid changes in physical and trophic environments—for aquatic fauna, dive profiles from biotelemetry data can be used to quantify and categorize vertical movements. Inferences on classes of vertical movement profiles typically rely on subjective summaries of parameters or statistical clustering techniques that utilize Euclidean matching of vertical movement profiles with vertical observation points. These approaches are prone to subjectivity, error, and bias. We used machine learning approaches on a large dataset of vertical time series (N = 28,217 dives) for 31 post‐nesting leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). We applied dynamic time warp (DTW) clustering to group vertical movement (dive) time series by their metrics (depth and duration) into an optimal number of clusters. We then identified environmental covariates associated with each cluster using a generalized additive mixed‐effects model (GAMM). A convolutional neural network (CNN) model, trained on standard dive shape types from the literature, was used to classify dives within each DTW cluster by their shape. Two clusters were identified with the DTW approach—these varied in their spatial and temporal distributions, with dependence on environmental covariates, sea surface temperature, bathymetry, sea surface height anomaly, and time‐lagged surface chlorophyll a concentrations. CNN classification accuracy of the five standard dive profiles was 95%. Subsequent analyses revealed that the two clusters differed in their composition of standard dive shapes, with each cluster dominated by shapes indicative of distinct behaviors (pelagic foraging and exploration, respectively). The use of these two machine learning approaches allowed for discrete behaviors to be identified from vertical time series data, first by clustering vertical movements by their movement metrics (DTW) and second by classifying dive profiles within each cluster by their shapes (CNN). Statistical inference for the identified clusters found distinct relationships with environmental covariates, supporting hypotheses of vertical niche switching and vertically structured foraging behavior. This approach could be similarly applied to the time series of other animals utilizing the vertical dimension in their movements, including aerial, arboreal, and other aquatic species, to efficiently identify different movement behaviors and inform habitat models.
Enhanced ammonia removal from skim latex using air bubbles in an agitated column
Authors: Kokoo Rungrote , Rattanakam Ramida , Myint Maung Si Thu , Khangkhamano Matthana
Published: January 2023

The initial aim of the paper is to improve the ammonia removal efficiency from skim latex using air stripping in an agitated column. The effects of air flow rate, bubble sizes, types of impellers, and rotational speed were investigated. The results showed that ammonia decreased with the increased air flow rate and the decreased bubble size. More ammonia could be removed by the use of impellers at a low rotational speed. The axial flow impeller showed higher ammonia removal than that gained from the radial flow impeller. It could be concluded that the stripping process in an agitated column should be operated at an air flow rate under the homogeneous regime without pH and temperature adjustment. The use of axial flow impeller at a rotational speed below the turbulent flow is recommended for more ammonia removal. In addition, smaller bubbles than the working range proposed in this research should be avoided because of foaming formation of the skim latex.
Combining povidone‐iodine with vancomycin can be beneficial in reducing early biofilm formation of methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐sensitiveS. aureus on titanium surface
Authors: Taha Mariam , Arulanandam Rozanne , Chen Andrew , Diallo Jean‐Simon , Abdelbary Hesham
Published: January 2023

There is controversial clinical evidence regarding the added antibacterial benefit of locally administering antiseptic solutions or antibiotics to the infected joint space. The objectives of this in vitro study were to test the efficacy of povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) and vancomycin in treating premature and developed Staphylococcus aureus biofilms grown on titanium implant surfaces. PVP‐I and vancomycin were used to treat immature and developed biofilms formed by two clinical strains of S. aureus (BP043‐MRSA, PB011‐MSSA). S. aureus strains were grown as immature (3 h‐old) or developed (24 h‐old) biofilm. These biofilms were grown on titanium plasma sprayed discs. The treatment regimens tested were: 0.8% PVP‐I, 500 μg/ml vancomycin as well as a combination of vancomycin and PVP‐I. PVP‐I was tested at 3 min, as per current clinical practice, versus 1 min treatment times. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the PVP‐I and vancomycin was tested using fresh skeletal muscle tissue cores harvested from the rat's abdominal muscles using alamarBlue assay. The combination of PVP‐I (3 min) and vancomycin (24 h.) showed synergistic interaction and the best efficacy against immature biofilms formed by both clinical strains. This degree of eradication was statistically significant compared to the untreated control, p < .0001. However, this combination therapy had limited efficiency against developed biofilms. Also, PVP‐I alone was more effective when exposure time was 3 min instead of 1 min against immature biofilm for MRSA, p = .02, and MSSA, p = .01. PVP‐I and vancomycin were not effective against developed biofilm regardless of exposure time. Also, combining PVP‐I and vancomycin was not cytotoxic to muscle tissue. Combining PVP‐I with vancomycin is superior in reducing viable S. aureus cells in immature biofilms grown on titanium surface without causing significant cytotoxicity to muscle tissue. Exposure times and biofilm maturity play a role in dictating the efficacy of using local antiseptics and antibiotics to treat biofilms on implant surfaces.
Seven‐day vonoprazan‐based triple therapy as first‐lineHelicobacter pylori treatment in comparison with extended sequential therapy
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Tse , Lee Fu‐Jen , Kuo Chen‐Ya , Lin Yang‐Chao , Liang Kai‐Shun , Tseng Liang‐Wei , Chen Yu‐Tsung , Chang Chi‐Yang
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Vonoprazan as a new acid blocker has more potency and longer lasting acid suppression than proton pump inhibitors. Whether the efficacy of vonoprazan‐based triple therapy is comparable with or even better than that of currently recommended first‐line therapies is still unknown. Our study aims to compare the eradication rate and major adverse effects between 7‐day vonoprazan‐based triple therapy with high‐dose amoxicillin and 14‐day extended sequential therapy.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis from the database of 13C‐urea breath test at Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital. All patients with a definite diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by rapid urease test, urea breath test, stool antigen test, or pathology report were recruited. Patients receiving first‐line regimens with vonoprazan‐based triple therapy or extended sequential therapy were included. The respective eradication rate determined by 13C‐urea breath test and major adverse effects were demonstrated.

Results

Totally, 106 patients were recruited in the vonoprazan‐based triple therapy group and 357 in the extended sequential therapy group. There was no significant difference in eradication rate between vonoprazan‐based triple therapy with high‐dose amoxicillin and extended sequential therapy (83.0 vs 88.8%, P = 0.12). Major adverse effects occurred in 13 of the extended sequential therapy group but none in the other group (0% vs 3.6%, P = 0.046).

Conclusions

Seven‐day vonoprazan‐based triple therapy with high‐dose amoxicillin is a potential first‐line anti‐Helicobacter pylori regimen alternative to current standard treatment, with the advantages of simplicity, short treatment duration, low pill burden, and fewer major adverse effects.
Discontinuation of immunosuppression in patients with immune‐mediated drug‐induced liver injury or idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis: A case–control study
Authors: Hassoun Jeremy , Goossens Nicolas , Restellini Sophie , Ramer Lucas , Ongaro Marie , Giostra Emiliano , Hadengue Antoine , Rubbia‐Brandt Laura , Spahr Laurent
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) may present with autoimmune features and require immunosuppressive therapy (IST) to reach biochemical response. Discontinuation of IST without hepatitis relapse may be more frequent in these patients as compared to patients with classical autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We aimed to determine baseline characteristics and outcome of patients with immune‐mediated drug induced liver injury (IMDILI) with particular emphasis on IST during follow‐up.

Methods

We performed a single‐center retrospective study of consecutive patients presenting at a tertiary care center between January 2005 and December 2019 either with IMDILI or with classical AIH, for whom full baseline characteristics and a close follow‐up were available over a 12‐month period.

Results

Overall, 31 patients (IMDILI n = 16, mean age 59 [34–74] years; AIH n = 15, mean age 47 [15–61] years) were included, showing similar biochemical, serological, and histological characteristics. Incriminating drugs in IMDILI patients were mostly represented by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and sartans. Initial corticosteroids combined with IST led to biochemical response in all patients. Compared to idiopathic AIH, more patients with IMDILI were weaned off corticosteroids at the end of follow‐up (11/16 [68.7%] vs 4/15 [26.6%], P < 0.02). At 1 year of follow‐up, more patients in the IMDILI group compared to the classical AIH group were off any type of IST (13/16 [81%] vs 15/15 [100%], P = 0.08).

Conclusions

Although presenting with similar baseline biochemical and histological characteristics as idiopathic AIH, patients with IMDILI may not require long‐term IST.
Investigating the mechanism of action of ginkgolides and bilobalide on absence seizures in maleWAG/Rij rats
Authors: Gedikli Öznur , Akca Metehan , Yildirim Mehmet
Published: January 2023

The effects of a single and multiple doses of ginkgolide A, B, C, and bilobalide, active components ofGinkgo bilobaextract (EGb 761), on absence seizures were investigated in male WAG/Rij rats, a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy. Furthermore, the interactions of ginkgolide A together with NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801, AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX), or L‐type calcium channel blocker nicardipine were studied to figure out how ginkgolide A affects spike–wave discharges (SWDs) in the brain. The experiments were done using 6–8‐month‐old male WAG/Rij rats with infusion cannula and EEG electrode implanted. Ginkgolide A, B, C, and bilobalide were administered intraperitoneally for 7 days at a dose of 6 mg/kg. In interaction groups, 6 μg ginkgolide A was injected intracerebroventricularly in combination with MK‐801 (10 μg), CNQX (1 μg), and nicardipine (50 μg) for 7 days. EEG was recorded from animals at the baseline, first dose, and seventh dose periods for 4 h. Ginkgolide A (p = .028), C (p = .046), and bilobalide (p = .043) significantly increased the frequency of SWDs in WAG/Rij rats. Ginkgolide A injected into the lateral ventricle with MK‐801 (p = .046), CNQX (p = .043), and nicardipine (p = .046) significantly increased the number of SWDs after seventh dose. Finally, the EGb 761‐related increase in absence epilepsy was determined to be caused by ginkgolide A, C, and bilobalide. All three receptor antagonists/channel blockers do not inhibit the pro‐absence effect of ginkgolide A. The findings revealed that ginkgolide A's pro‐absence effect is mediated by brain circuits other than ionotropic glutamate receptors or L‐type calcium channels.
Formulation for chemical EOR: Development and evaluation of an ASP formulation In customer field conditions
Authors: Herman George , Bittner Christian , Lohateeraparp Prapas , Mai Kahnery , Watts Nathan , Bueschel Michael
Published: January 2023

Alkali surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology with an impressive potential for increasing incremental oil production from conventional hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs. A challenge to ASP application is the complexity of determining an effective formulation, typically requiring extensive laboratory screening of nearly countless combinations of surfactants and cosolvents. This paper focuses on demonstrating the utility of the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept for EOR application to simplify surfactant formulation workstreams seeking an economically viable ASP formulation for field application. In describing work performed for EOR application of ASP under customer conditions using crude oil, the discussion covers the initial evaluation of the promising surfactant formulation (interfacial tension and solubility), the improvement upon the formulation via HLD principles, and the evaluation of the improved surfactant formulation (coreflood studies). The final ASP formulation identified consisted of a 9 to 1 mixture of alkyl propoxy sulfate sodium salt (APS) to alkyl ethoxy sulfate sodium salt (AES) totaling 2000 ppm active surfactant content, 2.0 wt% Na2CO3, and 3000 ppm polyacrylamide polymer (all commercially available products). This formulation had ultra‐low interfacial tension and favorable mixing behavior under reservoir conditions. In coreflood studies, the final formulation reproducibly achieved cumulative oil recovery of 96.4%–98.5% of original oil in place with only 0.3 PV of ASP injection with a chase alkali polymer injection.