bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical study of the chalcone molecule (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(furan-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Aguiar Antônio S. N. , Queiroz Jaqueline E. , Firmino Pollyana P. , Vaz Wesley F. , Camargo Ademir J. , Aquino Gilberto L. B. de , Napolitano Hamilton B. , Oliveira Solemar S.
Published: January 2021

In this work, we synthesized chalcone (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(furan-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one (DTP) via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The supramolecular arrangement of the obtained compound was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface, and its crystalline structure was determined. The DTP molecule was studied using the Density Functional Theory, at the theoretical level M06-2X/6-311G ++G, in order to obtain information about its structural and electronic properties. A map of molecular electrostatic potential was obtained to predict the types of interactions and their acid-base behavior.
Extrapolative Morph Design Thinking as an Intangible Ecological Form to Encode the Ecodesign Identity
Authors: Chumiran Mohd Hasni , Zainal Abidin Shahriman , Anwar Rusmadiah , Alli Hassan
Published: January 2021

This paper identifies a new distinction of ecodesign form, where it emerged from the literature case study that most practising designers have not conceived to interpret design research as an ecodesign identity. This research article objective reveals the ecological form creation in the semantics orders. The imaging product digitized an ecological form that was hermeneutically sourced by the literature review process using the heuristic method. It digitized the visual imagery before entering the prescriptive stage. The product imagery therefore digitized some ecodesign characteristics that the intangible ecological form conveyed in the form follows functional perspective; believing to environmentally-friendly product design.
Keywords: Form; heuristic method; industrial design; intangible ecological form
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2538
Imitation of Batik Sarong Design and Features
Authors: Sobri Afiqah Izzati , Legino Rafeah
Published: January 2021

This study aims to discover the imitation batik sarong in term of their design, which includes the motifs, colours and structure. The method is by field visit, observation and interviews. The scenario in the batik industry and detail about the characteristic that fooled consumers was stated in this study. The imitation batik is not a traditional batik sarong, because they are not aesthetically sustained the traditional technique and characteristic is also different. In a future study, this research should define how the role of innovation can continue, and the traditional batik flourishes without shading off the batik tradition.
Keywords: Batik, Design, Imitation, Malaysia, Sarong, Traditional, Wax.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2539
The Importance of Quality Product Design Aspect Based on Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Authors: Saleh Baharudin , Rasul Mohamad Sattar , Mohd Affandi Haryanti , Md Rawi Chandran Indera Irawan
Published: January 2021

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the essential tools to create technical documentation and product specification for designing a product. Because of this, a survey conducted to identify the needs and importance of the design aspect such as design requirement, design concept, detailed product design and design evaluation. The result of a descriptive analysis indicated that significance of the elements of designing the quality product was at a high level. Findings also state that there was a positive relationship between the design process among each aspect of the product design, and the correlation shows a moderate level.
Keywords: Design Requirement; Design Concept; Detailed Product Design; Design Evaluation.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2545
The Utilisation of LEGO and Other Materials as Prototyping Tools in the Co-Creation Process
Authors: Isa Siti Salwa , Liem Andre , Ali Abu , Isa Siti Suriawati
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to investigate the usefulness of LEGO and other materials as prototyping tools in the co-creation process involving multiple stakeholders. The results demonstrate that using LEGO and other materials as prototypes in the co-creation process helps designers and stakeholders to explore, evaluate and modify ideas three-dimensionally to validate design solutions, idea generation and evaluation.  This study believes that  LEGO and other materials are efficient co-design prototyping tools to ensure its main purpose for team and strategy building in enhancing participant's ability to deliver more contribution during group discussions.
Keywords: Co-creation; prototyping tools; prototypes; LEGO
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2548
Travelling Distance for Evacuee in Multi-Storey Residential Building
Authors: Hanapi Nurul Liyana , Sh Ahmad Sabarinah , Abd Razak Azli
Published: January 2021

The study on evacuation safety often an emphasis on the total evacuation time where only few research consider the distance and path needed for evacuee to evacuate the building. Thus, this study focuses on the maximum and average travelling distance need for the elderly and other evacuees in the multi-storey residential building. Pathfinder software is used in this study, and 162 simulations were tested. Results show that the escape route design and staircase condition plays a significant contribution towards occupant travel distance. Other factors such as occupancies and elderly resident also contribute to the increase in travelling distance.
Keywords: Multi-Storey, Escape Route Design, Evacuation
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2549
User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) as a New Recipe of Academic Culture in Creative Industry
Authors: Abdul Kadir Andi Nursyuhada , Raja Ahmad Effendi Raja Ahmad Azmeer , Dolah Mohd Shahrizal , Ramli Saiful Hasley
Published: January 2021

This preliminary study aims to introduce User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) as a new recipe that could be implemented in academic culture to make sure the adaptation human and technology will be more effective and improve the creative industry. This study uses a survey questionnaire on purposive sampling to investigate the knowledge perception of 30 design practitioners and structured interview of 9 random samplings to know their perspectives. This study concluded that 60% of design practitioners realize the needs of this new approach, while the interview leads to the three main themes: acceptance level, vitality awareness and tendency expectation.
Keywords: Design Emotion, User Experience, User Interface, Academic Culture, Creative Industries
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2551
Towards Implementing Upper Limb Spasticity Simulator(ULSS) in Medical Education; An Integrative Literature Review and Methodology
Authors: Othman Nurul Atiqah , Che Zakaria Noor Ayuni , Hanapiah Fazah Akhtar , Low Cheng Yee , Johar Khairunnisa
Published: January 2021

Simulation is widely used in Medical Education as a teaching and learning method. The purpose of this paper is to discover the implication of the simulator into clinical trainee behaviour, medical education, and patient safety. At the other hand, a methodology of quantitative research design towards implementing Upper Limb Spasticity Simulator (ULSS) named BITA1.0 is discussed. The Descriptive Quantitative Research design is focused on formative clinical assessment with students of Master in Rehabilitation, Universiti Teknologi MARA as subjects with pre and post-response test. With the intention of implementing BITA1.0 into medical education, the result from The Descriptive Quantitative Research is essential.
Keywords: simulation; spasticity; upper limb; medical education
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2552
The TPSACK Framework Implementation in Measuring the Technological, Pedagogical, Skills and Content Knowledge by Using Courseware
Authors: Anuar Roslaili , Zainal Abidin Shahriman , Wan Zakaria Wan Zamani , Che Din Sharkawi
Published: January 2021

This study examines the implementation of the TPSACK courseware, which was developed with artistic skills practice to discover the Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge of the Art and Design Education (ADE) students. The courseware was developed based on Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model (2009), which addresses instruction as an entire system, focusing on the interrelationship between context, content, learning and instruction. Respondents from 130 students were gathered to analyze the courseware. Quantitative method was used to conduct a survey which is explored through SPSS. Results show a significant role in integrating technology with specific artistic skills to improve the students’ knowledge. 
 Keywords: TPACK framework; TPSACK framework; artistic skills
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2553
A Thematic Analysis of Interface Design on Multimedia Teaching Aid of Non-Creative Design Lecturers
Authors: Sulaiman Shahrunizam , Kamaruddin Norfadilah
Published: January 2021

The digital advancement in tertiary education has created challenges in sustaining an effective teaching and learning process. Significantly, it is important that lecturers design good multimedia teaching aid, to sustain effective teaching and learning content communication. This paper provides an empirical evaluation of how Malaysian tertiary institutions lecturers from non-creative design fields, design an effective multimedia teaching aid to meet these challenges. Although studied samples are limited, outcomes of this paper are an extensively significant reference and guidelines for other area and related multimedia platform locally and internationally.
Keywords: interface design principles; interface design; tertiary education level
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2562
Manual técnico de producción de semilla de variedades de maíz para el Caribe húmedo colombiano
Authors: Tapia Coronado José Jaime , Atencio Solano Liliana Margarita , Mejía-Kerguelén Sergio Luis , Sánchez Rodríguez Luis Alfonso , Cañar Serna Dubert Yamil
Published: January 2021

La producción de maíz en el Caribe húmedo colombiano se ha convertido en una actividad productiva de importancia tanto para pequeños como para medianos y grandes agricultores, quienes desarrollan sus cultivos bajo el sistema tradicional o el sistema tecnificado. El presente manual busca resaltar la importancia de la semilla con calidad en el sistema productivo y fortalecer las capacidades prácticas e intelectuales en la producción y el acondicionamiento de la semilla de variedades de maíz de libre polinización, desde dos enfoques: como unidad de negocio para la comercialización de la semilla, que se rige bajo los lineamientos establecidos en la Resolución 003168 de 2015 del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) y, para el autoconsumo, como mecanismo de obtención de su propia semilla y con énfasis especial en el cuidado de las variedades locales por su adaptación ambiental. Se especifican los criterios de calidad sanitaria, física, genética y fisiológica que debe cumplir la semilla, además de las recomendaciones para el desarrollo de las actividades orientadas a la producción de semilla.
Interdisciplinary Online Hackathons as an Approach to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Study
Authors: Braune Katarina , Rojas Pablo-David , Hofferbert Joscha , Valera Sosa Alvaro , Lebedev Anastasiya , Balzer Felix , Thun Sylvia , Lieber Sascha , Kirchberger Valerie , Poncette Akira-Sebastian
Published: January 2021

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the lives of millions of people by causing a dramatic impact on many health care systems and the global economy. This devastating pandemic has brought together communities across the globe to work on this issue in an unprecedented manner.

Objective

This case study describes the steps and methods employed in the conduction of a remote online health hackathon centered on challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to deliver a clear implementation road map for other organizations to follow.

Methods

This 4-day hackathon was conducted in April 2020, based on six COVID-19–related challenges defined by frontline clinicians and researchers from various disciplines. An online survey was structured to assess: (1) individual experience satisfaction, (2) level of interprofessional skills exchange, (3) maturity of the projects realized, and (4) overall quality of the event. At the end of the event, participants were invited to take part in an online survey with 17 (+5 optional) items, including multiple-choice and open-ended questions that assessed their experience regarding the remote nature of the event and their individual project, interprofessional skills exchange, and their confidence in working on a digital health project before and after the hackathon. Mentors, who guided the participants through the event, also provided feedback to the organizers through an online survey.

Results

A total of 48 participants and 52 mentors based in 8 different countries participated and developed 14 projects. A total of 75 mentorship video sessions were held. Participants reported increased confidence in starting a digital health venture or a research project after successfully participating in the hackathon, and stated that they were likely to continue working on their projects. Of the participants who provided feedback, 60% (n=18) would not have started their project without this particular hackathon and indicated that the hackathon encouraged and enabled them to progress faster, for example, by building interdisciplinary teams, gaining new insights and feedback provided by their mentors, and creating a functional prototype.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into how online hackathons can contribute to solving the challenges and effects of a pandemic in several regions of the world. The online format fosters team diversity, increases cross-regional collaboration, and can be executed much faster and at lower costs compared to in-person events. Results on preparation, organization, and evaluation of this online hackathon are useful for other institutions and initiatives that are willing to introduce similar event formats in the fight against COVID-19.
Nutrigenomic and Biomolecular Aspect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder as Supplementation for Stunting Children
Authors: Putra Agus Indra Yudhistira Diva , Setiawan Nyoman Budhi Wirananda , Sanjiwani Made Indira Dianti , Wahyuniari Ida Ayu Ika , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek
Published: January 2021

Stunting is a global health problem. Based on WHO data, there are 161 million children who experience stunting. Breastmilk supplementation in the form of Moringa oleifera leaves powder is known to be beneficial in suppressing the stunting incidence. Moringa oleifera leaves powder contains protein, micronutrients, and minerals such as calcium, iron, sodium, vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and antioxidants (flavonoid acids, phenolic acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and saponins). The use of Moringa oleifera leaves powder in stunting cases has been carried out, but further studies in the aspects of nutrigenomics and molecular biology have not been conducted. This study is a literature review of relevant articles from www.pubmed.com, www.sciencedirect.com, and scholar.google.com. The author used keywords "stunting", "nutrigenomics", "biomolecular", and "Moringa oleifera". Pathogenic microbe such as Shigella and pathogenic E. coli ingestion can cause changes in DNA sequences in the stunting pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera leave powder can pass through nutrigenomic and biomolecular mechanisms. Some macro and micromolecules of Moringa oleifera leaves powder such as folate plays a role in DNA methylation; vegetable protein and fatty acids act as promoters in DNA sequences; vitamins act as cofactors for enzymes, antioxidant, and antiinflammation. Seeing various potential mechanisms in the aspects of nutrigenomic and molecular biology, Moringa oleifera leaves powder can be used in overcoming stunting. Further research is needed to give more review about cytokines and molecules included in this literature review.
Relating centralities in graphs and the principal eigenvector of its distance matrix
Authors: da Silva Jr. Celso M. , Del-Vecchio Renata R. , Monteiro Bruno B.
Published: January 2021

In this work a new centrality measure of graphs is presented, based on the principal eigenvector of the distance matrix: spectral closeness. Using spectral graph theory, we show some of its properties and we compare the results of this new centrality with closeness centrality. In particular, we prove that for threshold graphs these two centralities always coincide. In addition we construct an infinity family of graphs for which these centralities never coincide.
On a bi-nonlocal fourth order elliptic problem
Authors: Jaafri F. , Ayoujil A. , Berrajaa M.
Published: January 2021

This paper is aiming at obtaining weak solution for a bi-nonlocal fourth order elliptic problem with Navier boundary condition. Our approach is based on variational methods and critical point theory.
Validation of a Chinese version of the Perceived Coolness Scale among Chinese college students
Authors: Liu Lin , Li Jian , Wu Jinnan , Zhu Tingting
Published: January 2021

Coolness is considered important for new product adoption but little is known about how consumers in different cultures perceive coolness, or if perceived coolness affects their willingness to buy a new product. We translated and validated a Chinese version (C-PCS) of the Perceived
Coolness Scale (PCS) for new smart devices, using data from 307 undergraduate college student participants. The PCS initially comprised the four dimensions of originality, subculture, attractiveness, and utility, but utility was not included in the final version of the PCS. In contrast, we
included all four dimensions in the CPCS. Our results show that the C-PCS had good internal consistency and satisfactory structural validity. In addition, each of the four dimensions of perceived coolness predicted participants' purchase intention for new smart devices.
How social exclusion and high self-esteem negatively affect consumer attitudes toward anthropomorphized products
Authors: Fu Ruiheng , Xu Wei
Published: January 2021

Empirical studies have demonstrated that the anthropomorphism of products has positive effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors toward those products. However, our findings in two experiments suggest that product anthropomorphism might produce negative effects under certain conditions.
People who were socially excluded and who had high self-esteem evaluated anthropomorphized products more negatively than did those with low self-esteem, and the distinctiveness motivation mediated the effect of this interaction of social exclusion and self-esteem on attitudes toward anthropomorphized
products. Our findings extend extant knowledge of product anthropomorphism and provide marketing managers with practical suggestions for applying marketing strategies that utilize anthropomorphized products.
Una experiencia del recorrido territorial de una etnoeducadora inga. La localización en el desarrollo del pensamiento matemático
Authors: MARMOLEJO AVENIA GUSTAVO ADOLFO , CHAMORRO JULIAN , INSUATY EDWIN
Published: January 2021

La investigación visibiliza elementos culturales y sociales afiliados a actividades pedagógicas que una etnoeducadora Inga de Santiago (Valle de sibundoy, Colombia) gestiona para el desarrollo de pensamiento matemático. En particular, se contempla el rol de la localización en procesos de espacialidad. El estudio se desarrolló en la Institución Etnoeducativa Rural Bilingüe Iachai Wasi Carlos Tamabioy de Santiago. Se seleccionó el método de investigación cualitativa a fin de obtener una rica comprensión de la visión matemática y su uso para el Inga. Los resultados aportan al fortalecimiento de procesos pedagógicos etnomatemáticos y contribuyen a la explicitación de pensamiento matemático propio.
Desafios e possibilidades para a Educação (Matemática) em tempos de “Covid-19” numa escola em crise
Authors: Tamayo Osorio Carolina , Tuchapesk da Silva Michela
Published: January 2021

Este artigo parte da concepção de uma escola em crise que agudizada em tempos da pandemia provocada pela “Covid-19” tem gerado diversos desafios para a Educação (Matemática) no Brasil, especialmente após a divulgação das Diretrizes para escolas durante a pandemia publicadas pelo Ministério da Educação que autorizaram as escolas a desenvolverem atividades de ensino de forma remota. Partimos de alguns estudiosos que associam esta crise da educação escolar ao esgotamento do chamado projeto da Modernidade/Colonialidade, em prol de pensar uma Educação (Matemática) que não se subjuga a ele, mas que, a partir de movimentos de desobediência político-epistêmica estuda os conhecimentos matemáticos vinculados a outras cosmogonias não ocidentais. Para isto, apresentaremos falas de crianças, jovens e famílias, assim como imagens relacionadas aos problemas e dilemas da Educação nesta pandemia, que colocaram-se em circulação pelas mídias e redes sociais eletrônicas após o início do isolamento social e do fechamento das escolas públicas da Educação Básica, procurando tensionar e pensar de modos outros os desafios e possibilidades da Educação (Matemática) em tempos de uma vida outra provocada pelo efeitos do “Covid-19”.
Bupivacaine-Fentanyl vs Ropivacaine-Fentanyl: Evaluation of two Spinal Anesthesia Protocols for Emergency Cesarean Section
Authors: Diedhiou Moustapha , Ba E.B. , Barboza D , Diouf A. , Dieng M. , Thiam O , Dia C.A. , Sarr N , Fall M.L. , Beye M.D. , Diouf E.
Published: January 2021

Objective: Evaluation of the hemodynamic, respiratory and fetal side effects of two protocols for spinal anesthesia (P1: bupivacaine-fentanyl; P2: ropivacaine-fentanyl).

Material and Method: Prospective pseudo-randomized study comparing two spinal anesthesia protocols for emergency cesarean section conducted in the operating room of the regional hospital center of Saint Louis in Senegal. Study duration was 4 months. We studied, age, indication for Caesarean section, medical and surgical history, P1 and P2 protocols, hypotension, bradycardia, Apgar scores at birth and at 5min. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed on the R software.

Result: A total of 115 patients were collected, with a mean age of 27.1 years (E: 15 - 45) and a standard deviation of 7.6. Indications for Caesarean section were maternal and fetal dystocia for 67 patients (58%), fetal distress for 39 parturients (34%), and pre-eclampsia for 5 patients (4%). The P1-Bupi spinal protocol was used in 42 patients (36.5%) and the P2-Ropi spinal protocol was used in 73 patients (63.5%). Anesthetic complications such as low blood pressure, bradycardia and desaturation were found in a total of 30 patients, i.e. in 26% of cases. The mean Apgar score at birth for newborns from the P1-Bupi protocol was 8 (Extremes: 7, 9); the mean Apgar score at birth for newborns from the P2-Ropi protocol was 7.5 (Extremes: 2, 10). There was a significantly negative correlation between the P1-bupi protocol and the appearance of hypotension with p-value: 0.04 and a significantly positive correlation between the P2-ropi protocol and the appearance of hypotension with p-value: 0.04.

Discussion/ Conclusion: Ropivacaine certainly has a better cardiovascular and neurological tolerance and a better efficacy in terms of analgesia. However, during caesarean sections, it is important to consider the risk of hypotension and possible fetal complications related to its use.

Keywords: Ropivacaine - Bupivacaine - Spinal anesthesia - Caesarean section
Solid lipid nanocarriers as alternative drug delivery system for improved oral delivery of drugs
Authors: Thirupathi Gorre , Kumara Swamy Samanthula , Ramesh Alli
Published: January 2021

Oral bioavailability of drugs is mainly limited due to the poor aqueous solubility, enhanced chemical degradation, reduced permeation and/or first pass metabolism. Various novel delivery systems are developed for improved oral bioavailability of these drugs such as modified orals, buccal, transdermal and osmotic delivery systems. Colloidal carrier systems such as nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, microspheres, liposomes, resealed erythrocytes and transfersomes were also developed to enhance the oral delivery. Among these, solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) also gain much attention on the enhancement of oral bioavailability. SLNs are submicron sized nanoparticles and composed of solid lipid, surfactants and cosurfactants. The enhanced oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs from SLNs might be due to the reduced particle size, bypassed presystemic metabolism, and enhanced gastric mucosa permeability. Vast literature is available for the advantages, limitations, preparation methods, evaluation parameters and application of SLNs in different routes. This review mainly focused on list of drugs developed as SLNs and considered as an alternative approach to enhance the oral bioavailability based on pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodyanmic parameters was discussed.

Keywords: Oral bioavailability, solubility, first-pass metabolism, solid lipid nanoparticles, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics.
Genetics of Colorectal Cancer: Role of p53
Authors: Champanery Rajashri , Joshi Drashti
Published: January 2021

The tumor suppressor TP53 gene is one of the most frequently mutated in different types of human cancer. Particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), it is believed that TP53 mutations play a role in the adenoma-carcinoma transition of tumors during pathological process. The TP53 mutation is the key step driving the transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. The functional roles of TP53 mutation in tumor development have been comprehensively investigated. In this mini review, we comprehensively summarize the p53 mutants in CRC progression and discuss the current strategies for p53 mutants in malignancies.

Keywords: p53 mutants, colorectal cancer, Tp53 mutation
Oral Gene Delivery: An Innovative Approach for Colorectal Center Therapy
Authors: Patel Meghna , Patel Kinjal , Patel Devanshi
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world characterized by neoplasia in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Current treatment approaches include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery however non-specific bio-distribution of anti-cancer drug, lack of effective and safe drug delivery career, drug resistance and relapse are major limiting factors of current therapy. Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. The future of gene therapy depends on achieving successful delivery of wild type gene to replace a faulty gene. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in delivery of drugs and gene via the gastrointestinal tract. Gene therapy via this route has many advantages, including non-invasive access and the versatility to treat local diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, as well as systemic diseases, such as haemophilia. However, the intestine presents several distinct barriers and, therefore, the design of robust non-viral delivery systems is key to future success. The review covers obstacles in the path of successful gene therapy using oral route to treat colorectal cancer as well as strategies to overcome.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Oral gene delivery, Targeted delivery
Ethnobotanical Indices on Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Poisonous Bites in Thiruppuvanam Region of Sivagangai District in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shanmugam S , Sundari A , Muneeswaran S , Vasanth C , Jayakumararaj R , Rajendran K
Published: January 2021

Poisonous bites are serious problems in tropical countries like India. Both the tribal and non-tribal people prefer herbal treatment for poisonous bites. In this manner, an ethnomedicinal investigation was carried out to explore the plants used to treat poisonous bites in Thiruppuvanam region of Sivagangai district. By this research work, a total of 16 medicinal remedies prepared from 16 species of angiosperms belonging to 15 genera comes under 13 families are in medicinal utility for the treatment of poisonous bites. It was documented that, 9 plants were used for the treatment of snake bite, 3 plants for the treatment of scorpion sting, 2 for all type of bites, 1 for dog bite, insect bite and rat bite. Among the 16 species recorded, dicots were represented with 11 species belonging to 10 genera of 9 families and monocots were 5 species of 5 genera belonging to 4 families. Aristolochiaceae, Lamiaceae and Liliaceae were found as dominant families with 2 species each (12.5%) and 10 families were noted with single species (each of 6.25%). Regarding the habits of medicinal plants, 8 species cited were herbs. It was also observed that leaves were mostly used plant part (43.75%) to treat poisonous bites. The medicinal preparation was mostly used in the form of extract (62.5%) and the administration of the medicine prepared was mainly taken as drink (64.70%). Musa paradisiaca (UV of 0.85 with 17 use-reports) was the most frequently and popularly used medicinal plant species in the study area. It is necessary to perform phytochemical or pharmacological studies on these traditionally used plants used for medicinal purposes to ascertain their therapeutic efficiencies.

Keywords: Ethnobotanical indices, Medicinal plants, Poisonous bites, Thiruppuvanam region, Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu.
Cost Effective Accurate and Precise Analytical Method Development of Content Estimation of N-Nitrosodimethyl Amine and N-Nitrosodiethyl Amine in Olmesartan Medoxomil by GC-MS
Authors: Venkatesan Baskar , Sharma Pushpendra , Singh Asheesh
Published: January 2021

A simple, precise and accurate GCMS method was developed for estimation the content estimation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) & N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) in drug substances. The content was determined by GCMS on DB-CAM 30.0 m Χ 0.32 mm, 0.5µm Capillary column and helium was used as carrier gas, using methanol as diluent at column flow rate of 2.0 mL/min and Ion source temperature & Interface temperature at 200ºC and Detector gain mode relative to tuning file with acquisition mode Q3 SIM. The method was developed and evaluated for validation parameter as per ICH guidelines for Specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision. The method shows good linearity over the range of 10%-150% for NDMA and NDEA for olmesartan. The average percentage recoveries were found within predefined acceptance criteria (10% and 100%) for N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) & N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in olmesartan medoxomil, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied for routine analysis of the bulk drugs as well as combined pharmaceutical dosage forms of olmesartan medoxomil.

Keywords: Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) &, N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) GCMS, Validation, Analytical validation.
Links between Leafstalk Biomass of (Cremastra appendiculata) and Elevation by Big Data of Long-time Wild Investigation in Mei-County
Authors: Liao Bing-Hua
Published: January 2021

(Cremastra appendiculata) of treating lumbago and arthritis not only is a vital medicinal material plant, but also it is a widely distributed wide plant species. This plant species is widely distributed elevation from 500m to 3100m in forest landscapes and vegetation ecosystems in Mei County of China. However, understanding dynamics of biomass of leafstalk of this species is difficult along elevation. This research explained that the links between biomass of leafstalk of this species and elevation is the significant positive correlation from 500m to 1500m (P<0.01) as well as the links between biomass of leafstalk of this species and elevation are the significant negative correlation from 1500m to 3100m(P<0.01). This study provides six ecosystem types and a series of areas ecological adaptation for finding new medicinal species. Therefore, this study has vital theoretical and practical significance for medicinal plant protection along elevation and environments. Keywords: biomass of leafstalk; elevation; correlation; areas ecological adaptation; medicinal species.
The Hepatoprotector Effect of Uncaria gambir Roxb Extract in Wistar Rats Induced by Paracetamol
Authors: Suparni , , Musthari , , Mutia Liza , Sinurat Mangoloi , Syarifah Siti , Sedana Dila , Anggraini Dwi Rita , Ichwan Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Background: Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is known as the damage of liver cells due to chronic administrations of drug. The chronic administration of paracetamol could be trigger the damage of liver cells.The hepatoprotector agents are still limited worldwide.  Gambier(Uncaria gambir Roxb) is an Indonesia’traditional medicine which have many benefits as antioxidant, antiseptic, antidiarrhoea, etc  that commonly used in society.  Method: The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotector effect ofgambier in wistar rats induced by paracetamol.  The wistar rats were divided into seven groups and received the treatment orally for 12 days. Group I (aquadest), II(curcuma,400 mg/kgBW),III (gambier,26 mg/200gr), IV(gambier, 53 mg/200gr), V(gambier,106 mg/200gr),VI(gambier,212 mg/200gr) and VII(gambier,424mg/200gr). Termination, blood and liver organ collection were done after all group induced by paracetamol for two days. Histopatology changes of liver were examined using Hematoxycilline (HE) staining. AST and ALT levels were analyzed. Results: There were significant differentiation of AST levels among the groups, especially between group I and group IV and between group II and group IV. The ALT levels were statistically significant between group II and group V using Mann-Whitney test (p<0,05). In histopatology examination, there were significant differentiation between group I with another group, not only group II but also group III-VII (p<0,05). In the treatment group, group III and IV had been showed the improvement of liver cells damage than group I by using One-way Annova, post hoc Bonferroni (p<0,05). Conclusion: Uncaria gambir Roxb has hepatoprotector activity start at dose 53 mg/200grBWin rats.  The hepatoprotector activity was not superior than curcuma.  Keywords: hepatoprotector, Uncaria gambir Roxb, AST,ALT,histopatology
Improving Bioavailability of Phytochemicals through Niosomes
Authors: Poorani V. , Selvakumar K. , Venkat Kumar G.
Published: January 2021

The role of nanotechnology in different sectors is increasing and improving day by day. The nanovectors or nanovehicles play a very major role in transporting essential components into the body across barriers, such as skin, intestine, blood-brain barrier, etc., which is a very essential part of pharmacology. Niosomes are one such vehicle of nano size, which can effectively improve the delivering properties of therapeutically and cosmeceutically important compounds. This short review examines different research that has been carried out in the last two decades involving niosomes to improve the bioavailability of pharmaceutically important phytochemical compounds.

Keywords: Niosomes, Phytochemicals, Bioavailability, Drug delivery
Effective Natural Drug Remedies against Herpes Zoster: A Review
Authors: Patil Pankaj Shahajirao , Patil Pankaj S , Bhambar Rajendra S
Published: January 2021

Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, is a painful vesicular rash resulting from reactivation of the virus that also causes chickenpox – Varicella zoster virus (VZV). Typically, the rash runs its course in a matter of 4-5 weeks. The pain, however, may persist months, even years, after the skin heals. This phenomenon is known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). This review tried to provide more comprehensive and accurate data on the effects of different herbals on the VZV as a probable alternative treatment for VZV. Further clarification of the herbals interactions with VZV is required which could provide valuable information about the chemical nature and mechanism(s) of action of the potential anti-VZV molecule(s) and all the most potential plant extracts must undertake further analysis and purification steps with the aim of identifying the active elements existing in the herbals. Key words: Herpes zoster (HZ), Shingles, Varicella zoster virus (VZV), Post neuralgia, Natural products
Clinicopathological Profile of Low-Grade B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Tertiary Health Care in West Java Indonesia
Authors: Primastari Etis , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Dewayani Birgitta Maria
Published: January 2021

Background: Low-grade B cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of lymphomas that are predominantly indolent and make up approximately 50% of all malignant lymphomas. Initial therapy for low-grade B cell LNH has an overall response rate of between 85-94% and a refractory rate of 6-10%. Few reports have been published regarding the clinicopathological characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, especially low-grade B cell types. This research aims to determine the clinicopathological profile of low-grade B cell type non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases.

Method: This research is a descriptive study using cross-sectional methods. The sample consisted of 40 low-grade B cell type NHL cases from January 2015 to June 2020 at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Clinicopathological data, including age, sex, location of the tumor (nodal or extranodal), stage, B symptoms, and response to therapy, were taken from the patients’ medical records. Data were categorized into 2 groups based on response to initial therapy.

Results and Discussion: Of the 40 cases diagnosed with low-grade B cell type NHL, 55% responded to initial therapy. From the non-response group, 61.1% were stage II and 72.2% exhibited B symptoms. There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor location (nodal or extranodal), stage, or B symptoms in the response and non-response groups.

Conclusion: In this study, 45% of patients with low-grade B cell type NHL did not respond to initial therapy. There was no statistically significant difference in the clinicopathological profiles of the response and non-response groups to initial therapy in cases of low-grade B cell type NHL.

Keywords: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, low-grade B cell lymphoma, therapy response, clinicopathological
Role of MMP-9 in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mastari Ekawaty Suryani , Widjaja Sry Suryani , Siregar Yahwardiah , Sari Mutiara Indah
Published: January 2021

Diabetic retinopathy is a common neurovascular complication of diabetic that strike a third of diabetic patients worldwide. Complex mechanism of biomolecules including enzyme and cytokines is related to oxidative stress of constant hyperglycaemia. Vascular permeability damage resulting from endothelial leakage and apoptosis of Muller cell is the main mechanism of retinal damage.  MMPs as endopeptidases have an important role in angiogenesis process of retinopathy by working with various molecules of growth factors, chemokines, cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. MMP-9 has been widely shown to be associated with inflammation, blood-retinal barrier disruption, cell apoptosis and neovascularization in the diabetic retinopathy pathomechanism. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; MMP; MMP-9; Blood-retinal barrier
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THYMOQUINONE NANOPARTICLES PEGYLATED AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Hasrawati A. , Rizaldi Irsan , Febrianti Deisy , Mursyid A Mumtihanah , Bakri Neneng Amelia
Published: January 2021

Objective: Thymoquinone is a main component of Black Cumin (Nigella  sativa Linn.) with various pharmacological activities, but has poor stability and bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to carry out the preparation and characterization of timoquinone nanoparticles PEGylation.
Methods: The Thymoquinone nanoparticles  (TQ-NP) were made with PEGylation using PEG 6000 with the concentrations on each preparation of 3 mM (A), 4 mM (B), and 5 mM (C) then were evaluated by the parameter of yield percentage Entrapment Efficiency (EE) and Drug Loading (DL), drug release, size and distribution particle, morphological analysis and Fourier Transform-Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Results: Thymoquinone nanoparticle was PEGylated with PEG 6000  has the highest efficiency entrapment of 99.9718±0.029% in formula A, with the capacity of drug loading 0,66%. Formulation A release 99.9718±0.029% of Thymoquinone at 50 minutes. The morphological observations with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed spherical nanoparticles morphology.
 
                       
Peer Review History:
Received 11 September  2020; Revised 5 Decembe; Accepted 3 January, Available online 15 January 2021
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Received file:                           Comments of reviewer(s):        
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Evren Alğin Yapar, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkiye, evren.yapar@yahoo.com
Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
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