bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 protects against Fas-induced liver injury
Authors: Yao Lu , Chen Weina , Han Chang , Wu Tong
Published: April 2016

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is the terminal enzyme for the synthesis of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), a proproliferative and antiapoptotic lipid molecule important for tissue regeneration and injury repair. In this study, we developed transgenic (Tg) mice with targeted expression of mPGES-1 in the liver to assess Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and acute liver injury. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, the mPGES-1 Tg mice showed less liver hemorrhage, lower serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, less hepatic necrosis/apoptosis, and lower level of caspase cascade activation after intraperitoneal injection of the anti-Fas antibody Jo2. Western blotting analysis revealed increased expression and activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt and associated antiapoptotic molecules in the liver tissues of Jo2-treated mPGES-1 Tg mice. Pretreatment with the mPGES-1 inhibitor (MF63) or the Akt inhibitor (Akt inhibitor V) restored the susceptibility of the mPGES-1 Tg mice to Fas-induced liver injury. Our findings provide novel evidence that mPGES-1 prevents Fas-induced liver injury through activation of Akt and related signaling and suggest that induction of mPGES-1 or treatment with PGE2may represent important therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of Fas-associated liver injuries.
GSK-3β heterozygous knockout is cardioprotective in a knockin mouse model of familial dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mohamed Rasha M. S. M. , Morimoto Sachio , Ibrahim Islam A. A. E.-H. , Zhan Dong-Yun , Du Cheng-Kun , Arioka Masaki , Yoshihara Tatsuya , Takahashi-Yanaga Fumi , Sasaguri Toshiyuki
Published: April 2016

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) plays a central role in both cardiac physiology and pathology. Herein we want to clarify the role of GSK-3β in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. We generated a mouse model carrying a heterozygous knockout mutation of GSK-3β (GSK-3β+/− KO), together with a ΔK210 knockin mutation in cardiac troponin T (ΔK210 cTnT KI), which was proved to be one of the genetic causes of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). GSK-3β+/− KO prevented the slow and rapid deterioration in left ventricular systolic function accompanying heart failure (HF) in DCM mice with heterozygous and homozygous ΔK210 cTnT KI mutations, respectively. GSK-3β+/− KO also prevented cardiac enlargement, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and markedly reduced the expression of cardiac β-myosin heavy chain isoform, indicative of HF, in DCM mice with homozygous ΔK210 cTnT KI mutation. GSK-3β+/− KO also extended the life span of these DCM mice. This study suggests that the inhibition of GSK-3β is cardioprotective in familial DCM associated with ΔK210 cTnT mutation.
Brain potentials evoked by intraepidermal electrical stimuli reflect the central sensitization of nociceptive pathways
Authors: Liang M. , Lee M. C. , O'Neill J. , Dickenson A. H. , Iannetti G. D.
Published: April 2016

Central sensitization (CS), the increased sensitivity of the central nervous system to somatosensory inputs, accounts for secondary hyperalgesia, a typical sign of several painful clinical conditions. Brain potentials elicited by mechanical punctate stimulation using flat-tip probes can provide neural correlates of CS, but their signal-to-noise ratio is limited by poor synchronization of the afferent nociceptive input. Additionally, mechanical punctate stimulation does not activate nociceptors exclusively. In contrast, low-intensity intraepidermal electrical stimulation (IES) allows selective activation of type II Aδ-mechano-heat nociceptors (II-AMHs) and elicits reproducible brain potentials. However, it is unclear whether hyperalgesia from IES occurs and coexists with secondary mechanical punctate hyperalgesia, and whether the magnitude of the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses evoked by IES within the hyperalgesic area is increased. To address these questions, we explored the modulation of the psychophysical and EEG responses to IES by intraepidermal injection of capsaicin in healthy human subjects. We obtained three main results. First, the intensity of the sensation elicited by IES was significantly increased in participants who developed robust mechanical punctate hyperalgesia after capsaicin injection (i.e., responders), indicating that hyperalgesia from IES coexists with punctate mechanical hyperalgesia. Second, the N2 peak magnitude of the EEG responses elicited by IES was significantly increased after the intraepidermal injection of capsaicin in responders only. Third, a receiver-operator characteristics analysis showed that the N2 peak amplitude is clearly predictive of the presence of CS. These findings suggest that the EEG responses elicited by IES reflect secondary hyperalgesia and therefore represent an objective correlate of CS.
Escándalos Corporativos en Chile: Impacto en los precios accionarios de las empresas involucradas
Authors: Donoso Vania , Lopez Fernando
Published: April 2016

En los últimos años, un grupo de empresas chilenas han protagonizado una serie de escándalos corporativos. Este estudio cuantifica el impacto de estos eventos en los precios accionarios de cinco empresas emblemáticas. Los resultados sugieren que a cuatro semanas del evento, el caso “La Polar” produjo una caída bursátil de 68,4%; los casos “Colusión de Papel Higiénico” (CMPC) y “Cascadas” (Soquimich) produjeron caídas bursátiles de 13,8% y 16,2% respectivamente; mientras que en los casos “Caval” (Banco de Chile) y “Colusión de Pollos” (Cencosud), sus precios accionarios no cayeron de manera significativa. Se presentan hipótesis que podrían explicar estos resultados.
Agenda e oportunidade política na concepção da Lei de Meios Audiovisuais na Argentina
Authors: Covalesky Dias Eduardo , Somma Neto João
Published: April 2016

Analisa-se a atuação da Coalición por una Radiodifusión Democrática na construção da agenda pública e midiática para implantar a Lei de Meios Audiovisuais na Argentina, baseado nos estudos de construção de agenda (Cobb, Ross & Ross, 1976) e de oportunidade política (Kingdon, 2003).
Espetáculo, Política e Corporalidades: Ressignificação de Sentidos em Sujeitos Midiatizados
Authors: Rosário Nísia Martins do
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do presente artigo é problematizar o conceito de explosão (Lotman, semiótica da cultura) e aprofundar as investigações sobre corporalidades a partir da noção de ruptura de sentidos. Essa reflexão é parte integrante de uma pesquisa que busca compreender as reconfigurações de sentidos em corpos de sujeitos midiatizados. Nesse momento, trazemos à discussão uma perspectiva cartográfica, que considera os eixos diacrônico e sincrônico para apresentar resultados de uma análise sobre a performance e a trajetória de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Esse sujeito midiático é emblemático no que diz respeito às semioses corporais: explosão e modelização na semiosfera política.
Lavras Novas – MG: Das Minas de ouro às Rotas de Turismo
Authors: Chaves Fabiana Nogueira
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa como o turismo se tornou a principal atividade econômica do distrito de Lavras Novas e as consequências dessa atividade para a identidade sociocultural da comunidade. Analisa também o papel da mídia nesse processo, incentivando o turismo predatório.
Senna, Fangio e os Outros: Imaginário Enunciativo Digital sobre os Latino-americanos da Fórmula 1
Authors: Venancio Rafael Duarte Oliveira , Oliveira Marina Colli de
Published: April 2016

Doutor em Meios e Processos Audiovisuais pela Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (ECA-USP) e Professor do curso de Jornalismo e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias, Comunicação e Educação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)
"A História Oficial": Atualidade de um filme sobre ditadura e direitos humanos
Authors: Marcos A. Rodrigues Gilberto
Published: April 2016

O filme “A História Oficial” (La Historia Oficial), de Luis Puenzo, vencedor do Oscar de melhor filme estrangeiro em 1986, completou 30 anos em 2015. Apesar das três décadas passadas de seu lançamento, em 1985, período em que se deu a consolidação da democracia pós-ditadura na Argentina e nos demais países da América do Sul e em que pesem os avanços em direitos humanos na região, o filme ainda se mantem atual pelo tema abordado e pelo debate que suscita. O autor analisa o filme no contexto contemporâneo, a partir de uma aproximação interdisciplinar, tendo como metodologia a análise bibliográfica recente sobre a ditadura militar e a história oral baseada em relatos de quatro acadêmicos argentinos que vivenciaram a ditadura argentina, tanto no país quanto no exílio.
Brasil e Alemanha na semifinal da Copa do Mundo: representações sobre a derrota no discurso de Zero Hora
Authors: Steffen Lauren , Ferreira Lisboa Filho Flavi
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo pretende discutir as representações sobre a derrota da Seleção Brasileira para a Alemanha na semifinal da Copa do Mundo de 2014 em matéria publicada pelo jornal Zero Hora. Para tanto, recupera-se o contexto histórico e a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais para a problematização das relações entre sociedade, cultura e meios de comunicação, com destaque para o conceito de representação, central para a compreensão dos processos de produção de sentidos postos em circulação no meio social. O percurso teórico está ancorado nas estruturas de sentimento (emergentes, dominantes e residuais). A análise de discurso é utilizada como técnica para identificação dos sentidos, mapeando as formações discursivas presentes no discurso jornalístico. Este trabalho reforça os pressupostos de que os significados são produzidos discursivamente através da linguagem a partir do repertório cultural de um contexto determinado.
PERFIL DO PPPGCOM EM COMUNICAÇÃO MIDIÁTICA DA UNESP: ANÁLISE DE DISSERTAÇÕES - BIÊNIO 2013/2014
Authors: Martins Botelho Daira , Aquino Henrique Perazzi de , Gobbi Maria Cristina , Modelli Laís , Oliveira Camila Fenandes de , Pádua Aline Ferreira , Souza Juliano Ferreira de
Published: April 2016

O artigo traz a proposta do mapeamento das dissertações produzidas pelos discentes da Linha 1 – Processos midiáticos e práticas socioculturais, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Midiática da Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicação (Faac) of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), campus de Bauru, com o objetivo de delinear questões importantes que remetessem à identidade do Programa. Foram analisados, entre outros aspectos, o uso de autores, o tipo de material usado pelos discentes, além das teorias que serviram para embasar suas pesquisas. Trata-se do resultado da proposta de trabalho indicada pela Profª. Drª. Maria Cristina Gobbi, na disciplina ministrada no segundo semestre de 2014, Pensamento Comunicacional Latino-americano.
A inserção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho como uma exigência do capital e a divisão sexual do trabalho.
Authors: Fonseca Maria Fernanda Soares
Published: April 2016

Esse artigo propõe analisar a relação do modelo de desenvolvimento capitalista implantado no Brasil, com a questão da desigualdade de gênero e seu impacto na inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho. Embora estatísticas demonstrem a crescente inserção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, a questão da discriminação das mulheres é histórica e atualmente pode-se vislumbrar tal quadro, que impacta diretamente nas relações sociais e consequentemente na divisão sexual do trabalho. Diante de pesquisas divulgadas é possível observar a inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho e as diversas formas de manifestação da desigualdade de gênero, seja na questão salarial, seja nas posições que as mulheres ocupam e as relações de discriminação que são criadas. Para desenvolvimento do artigo foram utilizados os métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, ou seja, trata-se de um estudo da relação opressiva e predatória do sistema capitalista com as questões que permeiam a desigualdade de gênero.Palavras-Chave: Mulheres. Capitalismo. Divisão Sexual do Trabalho.
Infection with multiple types of human papillomavirus in sexually active young women
Authors: Almeida Ana Paula Machado de , Machado Ana Paula , Almeida Flávia Gatto de , Ávilla Leandro Sobrinho , Prata Thiago Theodoro Martins , Almeida Larissa Zatorre , Bonin Camila Mareti , Padovani Cacilda Tezelli Junqueira , Ferreira Alda Maria Teixeira , Fernandes Carlos Eurico dos Santos , Tozetti Inês Aparecida
Published: April 2016

Study design: cross. Study objective: estimate the frequency and distribution types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sexually active young women. Methods: samples of vaginal and endocervical canal of 158 women, aged between 18 and 35 years were collected through self-collection technique. The HPV DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR end point using the consensus primers PGMY09/11 and genotyping was performed by PCR specific type (TS-PCR) and by analysis of the fragments obtained from the use of restriction enzymes (RFLP). Results: HPV DNA was detected in 23% of participants, 92% were high-risk HPV genotypes (HR), being the prevalent HPV45, followed by HPV16 and 31 infections with multiple HPV types were detected in 35% of samples, indicating infection by more than two types in 22.2% of the genotyped. Higher frequency of HPV DNA was detected in women ≤ 25 old. Conclusion: this demonstrated a high frequency of HPV infection in sexually active young women, as well as a high prevalence of infection with multiple types of high oncogenic risk
Inter-hospital transport of newborns in critical condition: integrative literature review
Authors: Balbino Aldiânia C. , Cardoso Maria V. L. M. L. , Silva Viviane M. da
Published: April 2016

Study model: integrative review. Objective: to identify organizational behaviors described in the literature about inter-hospital transport of newborns in critical health condition performed by means of ambulance. Methodology: integrative review with query in the databases: LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus, during the period from September to November 2013. In order to perform the research, the non-controlled descriptors ‘newborn transport’, ‘newborn infants’ and ‘protocol’ were used, as well as the controlled descriptors ‘transport of patients’, ‘newborn’ and ‘ambulances’. The search was limited to papers published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, without an established period, which addressed the inter-hospital transport of critically ill newborn by ambulance. Results: 12 papers were selected. The identified behaviors were: pre-transport communication; composition of the team that will conduct the transport; reference and counter-reference; selection of vehicle for transportation; equipment and medications that may be used during transportation. Conclusions: The selected studies address the important measures to be applied at all stages of the inter-hospital transport of newborns by ambulance, which are important for quality and effective care
Cidade: Uma análise psicossocial do espaço citadino após inundação
Authors: Neves Leandro Roberto , Scarcelli Ianni Regia
Published: April 2016

Este texto é uma prévia conjugação analítica de uma primeira problematização da pesquisa intitulada Além da superfície: As produ­ções das trincheiras espaciais simbólicas, que propõe estudar as relações dos citadinos com a cidade de São Luiz do Paraitinga (São Paulo, Brasil). Tais re­lações compõem as possíveis transformações na representação da imagem da cidade considerando o processo sócio-histórico da formação arquitetô­nica da cidade, assim como os aspectos simbólicos que permeiam e sofrem mediações conjunturais. Os elementos constitutivos do espaço representado na cidade foram intensamente friccionados em virtude de inundações ocorridas em 1863 e na pas­sagem do ano de 2009 para 2010. Tais inundações provocaram, de forma semelhante, a destruição de edificações do centro da cidade e alagamen­to das áreas rurais, entre outras. Nesse sentido, parte-se de um contato etnográfico com o local e tem-se como referência um aporte teórico centrado em pressupostos da concepção de Lefebvre sobre como o espaço é qualificado pelo corpo e como a produção de representações subverte a realidade da imagem construída. Resultados parciais desta investigação indicam que a orientação da popula­ção para a reconstrução da cidade, após as inunda­ções, está assentada em imagem institucionalizada da cidade, centrada no duplo real/aparente. • PA­LAVRAS-CHAVE • espaço; representação; inunda­ção
Se Chico Buarque numa noite de inverno... Apologia do plágio em Budapeste
Authors: Bacchini Luca
Published: April 2016

A obra de Chico Buarque, considerada em todas as variedades de suas expressões, revela desde sempre a peculiar capacidade de tecer um intenso diálogo com as obras de outros autores. Obviamente, dependendo da perspectiva crítica, tal característica pode ser enaltecida como admirável vocação à intertextualidade ou, pelo contrário, estigmatizada como desdenhável propensão ao plágio. A partir de uma leitura comparada entre o seu terceiro romance, Budapeste (2006), e Se um viajante numa noite de inverno (1979), de Italo Calvino, pretendo propor uma reflexão sobre a ideia de plágio, evidenciando como o diálogo descontrolado e imprevisível entre livros, escritores e leitores seja um dos recursos mais preciosos e misteriosos da literatura.
Reducing Readmissions After Stroke With a Structured Nurse Practitioner/Registered Nurse Transitional Stroke Program
Authors: Condon Christina , Lycan Sarah , Duncan Pamela , Bushnell Cheryl
Published: April 2016

Background and Purpose—

Our aim was to determine whether a standardized Transitional Stroke Clinic (TSC) led by nurse practitioners could reduce 30-day and 90-day readmissions for stroke or transient ischemic attack patients discharged home.

Methods—

Phase I consisted of nurse practitioners calling only high-risk patients discharged home within 7 days and performing an office visit within 2 to 4 weeks of discharge. Phase II consisted of all patients discharged home receiving both a 2-day follow-up phone call by a registered nurse and a follow-up visit with a nurse practitioner within 7 to 14 days. Differences in process metrics and readmissions across the 2 phases and overall were assessed. Increasing complexity with multiple chronic conditions (diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure) was represented in a continuous variable from 0 to 3. Multivariable logistic regression models for 30-day and 90-day readmissions were performed with adjustment for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and previous hospitalizations.

Results—

From October 2012 through September 2015, 510 patients were enrolled. From phase I to II, a higher proportion of follow-up calls were made and days from discharge to TSC decreased. Patients readmitted within 30 days were less likely to show for TSC visits (60.85% versus 76.3%;
P
=0.021). Multivariable modeling showed that TSC visit was associated with a 48% reduction in 30-day readmission (odds ratio, 0.518; 95% confidence interval, 0.272–0.986), whereas multiple chronic conditions and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack increased the risk. TSC visit did not impact 90-day readmissions.

Conclusions—

Evaluation in a nurse practitioner–led structured clinic is a model that may reduce readmissions at 30 days for stroke patients discharged home.
Identities of States in International Organizations
Authors: Wessel Ramses A. , Dekker Ige F.
Published: April 2016

In academic debates on the responsibility of international organizations and their member States the different identities of States play a crucial role. However, apart from the difficulty to clearly separate ‘State’ and ‘member State’ identities, it is even more complex to distinguish between the different roles ‘member States’ may have in the framework of international organizations. As a general introduction to this special forum, this essay aims to clarify the different identities and roles States may have in relation to international organizations, especially in the context of the responsibility of international organizations. As the subsequent contributions reveal, the law on the international responsibility of international organizations takes account of the possible responsibility of their members. By mapping the different identities States may have in different settings, this contribution argues that such differentiations may be crucial for the further development of adequate international rules on the responsibility of international organizations and their members.
Dual attribution in the context of military operations
Authors: Dannenbaum Tom
Published: April 2016

This article considers the state of the doctrine on dual attribution in military operations. The rapidly expanding jurisprudence on cooperative military ventures has yet to coalesce around a single normative framework. The role of the ario and ars in that realm has been decidedly mixed, perhaps predictably given the inconsistency between the two codes. The most hopeful developments have come in the Netherlands, with the elaboration of a bifocal, preventive interpretation of Article 7 of the ario. However, whether that framework will resonate elsewhere is uncertain. Thus far, the concept of dual attribution itself has played an odd role. It has been affirmed repeatedly in theory, but the primary value of its theoretical possibility has been in empowering courts to hear cases they might otherwise have avoided, while failing actually to attribute conduct to two or more entities.
Protease-activated receptors in hemostasis
Authors: Nieman Marvin T.
Published: April 2016

Protease signaling in cells elicits multiple physiologically important responses via protease-activated receptors (PARs). There are 4 members of this family of G-protein–coupled receptors (PAR1-4). PARs are activated by proteolysis of the N terminus to reveal a tethered ligand. The rate-limiting step of PAR signaling is determined by the efficiency of proteolysis of the N terminus, which is regulated by allosteric binding sites, cofactors, membrane localization, and receptor dimerization. This ultimately controls the initiation of PAR signaling. In addition, these factors also control the cellular response by directing signaling toward G-protein or β-arrestin pathways. PAR1 signaling on endothelial cells is controlled by the activating protease and heterodimerization with PAR2 or PAR3. As a consequence, the genetic and epigenetic control of PARs and their cofactors in physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions have the potential to influence cellular behavior. Recent studies have uncovered polymorphisms that result in PAR4 sequence variants with altered reactivity that interact to influence platelet response. This further demonstrates how interactions within the plasma membrane can control the physiological output. Understanding the structural rearrangement following PAR activation and how PARs are allosterically controlled within the plasma membrane will determine how best to target this family of receptors therapeutically. The purpose of this article is to review how signaling from PARs is influenced by alternative cleavage sites and the physical interactions within the membrane. Going forward, it will be important to relate the altered signaling to the molecular arrangement of PARs in the cell membrane and to determine how these may be influenced genetically.
Pathogenic role of B-cell receptor signaling and canonical NF-κB activation in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Saba Nakhle S. , Liu Delong , Herman Sarah E. M. , Underbayev Chingiz , Tian Xin , Behrend David , Weniger Marc A. , Skarzynski Martin , Gyamfi Jennifer , Fontan Lorena , Melnick Ari , Grant Cliona , Roschewski Mark , Navarro Alba , Beà Sílvia , Pittaluga Stefania , Dunleavy Kieron , Wilson Wyndham H. , Wiestner Adrian
Published: April 2016

Key Points

Activation of BCR and canonical NF-κB signaling in the lymph node correlates with survival in MCL. Mutations and polymorphisms in BCR and NF-κB pathways may confer cell autonomous signaling and affect response to ibrutinib.
Bringing the Social Sciences to Health Policy: An Appreciation of David Mechanic
Authors: Boyer Carol A. , Gray Bradford H.
Published: April 2016

David Mechanic has been a pioneering leader in the social and behavioral sciences of health, health services, and health and mental health policy for more than fifty years. One of David's most distinctive qualities has been his vision in identifying trends and defining new research areas and perspectives in health care policy. His early work on how methods of physician payment by capitation and fee-for-service in England and the United States affected physicians' responses to patients and patient care addressed present challenges and many ongoing studies of payment mechanisms. His papers on rationing of health care established a framework for examining alternative allocation mechanisms and just decision making. Influential papers dealt with risk selection, policy challenges in managed care, reducing racial disparities, trust relationships between patients, doctors, and the public and health institutions, and the predicaments of health reform. Focusing on the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, David explored its opportunities and challenges especially in providing comprehensive and effective behavioral health services. A hallmark of his work has been his redirecting our attention to the most severely ill and those in greatest need. Less visible is the leadership and institution building endeavors and the many honors David has received.
Economics and the Transformation of the Mental Health System
Authors: Glied Sherry , Frank Richard G.
Published: April 2016

Mental illnesses provide a difficult set of challenges to American health and social institutions. Those challenges have been a continuous concern of David Mechanic's over the course of his career. In this article we trace the development of modern economic and organizational structures that drive the delivery of mental health care in the early part of the twenty-first century. We show how the nature of mental disorders themselves and the treatment for addressing those illnesses pose fundamental difficulties to health care organizational and financing structures. We analyze the factors that have caused the dramatic changes in how American society has addressed mental illnesses over the past fifty years. Specifically, we note the central influence that mainstream health, income support, and disability programs have had in shaping mental health care. We argue that the interaction of the unique features of mental illnesses and changes in mainstream health and social policy led mental health care to evolve so differently from general medical care.
Opportunities and Challenges for Payment Reform: Observations from Massachusetts
Authors: Mechanic Robert E.
Published: April 2016

Policy makers and private health plans are expanding their efforts to implement new payment models that will encourage providers to improve quality and deliver health care more efficiently. Over the past five years, payment reforms have progressed faster in Massachusetts than in any other state. The reasons include a major effort by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts to implement global payment, the presence of large integrated systems willing to take on financial risk, and a supportive state policy environment. By 2014, thirty-seven percent of Massachusetts's residents enrolled in health plans were covered under risk-based payment models tied to global budgets. But the expansion of payment reform in Massachusetts slowed between 2012 and 2015 because some commercial enrollment shifted from risk-based health maintenance organization products to fee-for-service preferred provider organization (PPO) plans, and the state Medicaid program fell short of its payment reform goals. Provider groups will not fully commit to population-based clinical models if they believe it will result in large reductions in fee-for-service revenue. The use of alternative payment models will accelerate in 2016 when Blue Cross begins implementing PPO payment reforms, but it is unknown how quickly other payers will follow. Massachusetts's experience illustrates the complexity of payment reform in pluralistic health care markets and the need for complementary efforts by public and private stakeholders.
Medicaid Long-Term Care: State Variation and the Intergovernmental Lobby
Authors: Thompson Frank J. , Cantor Joel C. , Farnham Jennifer
Published: April 2016

Medicaid is vastly more important than Medicare or private insurance in funding long-term care (LTC). However, states vary tremendously in their commitment to Medicaid LTC. This article advances knowledge of the origins, nature, and implications of this variation. After examining the degree of variation in state spending on Medicaid LTC, we show how federal policy has over the past fifty years steadily increased state discretion to shape these services. This decentralization largely reflects the potency of the intergovernmental lobby—governors and other state officials—in influencing federal policy. While fueling state variation, the intergovernmental lobby has also provided valuable political support that has helped Medicaid grow and resist retrenchment. After considering policy options that could mitigate Medicaid LTC inequities rooted in state differences, we assess how the catalytic forces that have fueled growth in Medicaid LTC may be insufficient to protect the program from future erosion.
Reform of the Individual Insurance Market in New Jersey: Lessons for the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Cantor Joel C. , Monheit Alan C.
Published: April 2016

The individual health insurance market has played a small but important role in providing coverage to those without access to group insurance or public programs. With implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the individual market has attained a more prominent role. However, achieving accessible and affordable coverage in this market is a long-standing challenge, in large part due to the threat of adverse risk selection. New Jersey pursued comprehensive reforms beginning in the 1990s to achieve a stable, accessible, and affordable individual market. We review how adverse risk selection can pose a challenge to achieving such objectives in the individual health insurance market. We follow this discussion by describing the experience of New Jersey through three rounds of legislative reform and through the first year of the implementation of the ACA coverage provisions. While the New Jersey reforms did not require individuals to purchase coverage, its experiences with direct and indirect market subsidies and regulations guiding plan design, issuance, and rating have important implications for how the ACA may achieve its coverage goals in the absence of the controversial individual purchase mandate.
Introduction: Peace by Means of Culture
Authors: Tamen Miguel , Urita Michiko , Nagler Michael N. , Morson Gary Saul , Kharkhordin Oleg , Diggelmann Lindsay , Watkins John , Zipes Jack , Trilling James
Published: April 2016

It is often argued that a shared culture, or at least shared cultural references or practices, can help to foster peace and prevent war. This essay examines in detail and criticizes one such argument, made by Patrick Leigh Fermor, in the context of his discussing an incident during World War II, when he and a captured German general found a form of agreement, a ground for peace between them, in their both knowing Horace's ode I.9 by heart in Latin. By way of introducing the sixth and final installment of the Common Knowledge symposium “Peace by Other Means,” this essay proposes that Leigh Fermor's narrative be understood in terms of commerce, rather than consensus. It concludes by examining Ezra Pound's use of the word commerce in his poem “A Pact” (“Let there be commerce between us”) to define his relationship with his “detested” and “pig-headed” poetic “father,” Walt Whitman.
IRANIAN HERESIOGRAPHY
Authors: de Bellaigue Christopher
Published: April 2016

This essay is a review of The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism (2014), the last book that Patricia Crone wrote before she died, as well as an overview of her career and a tribute to her as a great historian of Islam. In Crone's subaltern history of the Persian plateau, the “nativist prophets” are a series of Iranian divines, seers, and hooligans whose resentment against Arab domination was expressed in recourse to pre-Islamic Persian ideals and beliefs. Islamic orthodoxy was undefined in the early eighth century, Crone shows, and the law had not yet entered every corner of daily life. There was, moreover, no clerical class at the time to correct heresiarchs on the fringes of the empire. Hence, according to the reviewer, one can easily imagine the situation as Crone does, with the truths of the new faith, in the eastern extremities of the caliphate, mixing with the Zoroastrian, Christian, and Manichaean truths already rooted there. Crone bleeds the categories of “Islamic” and “pre-Islamic” into each other, and thus her history is composed less of blocks of time and well-defined identities than of mutable compounds of belief and usage. The reviewer argues that Crone's sense of an unruly proliferation of popular beliefs is confirmed by the latest archaeology, and then he closes with an extended meditation on the relevance of this early Arab-Persian divide to the contemporary political situation of Islam and the Middle East.
Irritable bowel syndrome: new insights into symptom mechanisms and advances in treatment
Authors: Spiller Robin
Published: April 2016

Despite being one of the most common conditions leading to gastroenterological referral, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is poorly understood. However, recent years have seen major advances. These include new understanding of the role of both inflammation and altered microbiota as well as the impact of dietary intolerances as illuminated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has thrown new light on IBS. This article will review new data on how excessive bile acid secretion mediates diarrhea and evidence from post infectious IBS which has shown how gut inflammation can alter gut microbiota and function. Studies of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have also shown that even when inflammation is in remission, the altered enteric nerves and abnormal microbiota can generate IBS-like symptoms. The efficacy of the low FODMAP diet as a treatment for bloating, flatulence, and abdominal discomfort has been demonstrated by randomized controlled trials. MRI studies, which can quantify intestinal volumes, have provided new insights into how FODMAPs cause symptoms. This article will focus on these areas together with recent trials of new agents, which this author believes will alter clinical practice within the foreseeable future.
News in Financial Market
Authors: Смирнов  , Smirnov E.
Published: April 2016

In 2016 in Russia several important federal laws came into force, which have notably activated the fi nancial

market, especially farm-mortgage lending by means of housing bond issue, custody business with its compulsory licensing

by the Bank of Russia, etc.
The problems of Operational Assets Management and Problem-Solving Approach
Authors: Медведева  , Medvedeva E. , Грабчак  , Grabchak E.
Published: April 2016

Th e article considers the conceptual provisions of a new approach to assurance of reliability of functioning of

power assets, considered in inextricable connection with their economic resilience. Methodological basis of formation of

operation assets management and support of operations is given.
Some Aspects of Real Estate Market Financing
Authors: Ермилова  , Ermilova Maria
Published: April 2016

Th e article considers one of the most important problems of developing of real estate market — problem of its

fi nancing, the main used at the present time fi nancing tools. It is justifi ed that the important aspect of solving of fi nancing

problem is cooperation of state, investors and other participants of real estate market.
Case Article—Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Kopcso David P. , Simon Howard , Gao Annie
Published: April 2016

This article describes a case in which decisions are made by two biopharmaceutical firms in pursuit of FDA approval of a drug to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The case contains information on each firm’s estimates of costs, revenues and likelihood of success, as well as average values for these available from the scientific literature. The case provides an opportunity to apply decision analysis in the form of decision trees to various decision problems and to perform sensitivity analysis. It can be used as an introduction or as an application of decision trees after an introduction. The students are first exposed to one firm’s simple decision based on expert opinion, which is then modified by the inclusion of data. The advantage of expressing information in a tree diagram becomes apparent. The tree diagram is then examined to expose hedging strategies, one of which introduces the second larger firm as a potential licensee. The second firm presents its own view of the decision process based on its own expertise, thus allowing for a rich discussion of sensitivity analysis. Students are to evaluate the first firm’s approach to decision making and whether the second firm should be a licensee or not.

Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Celebrating education
Authors: Sabine Alex
Published: April 2016

When reflecting on the influential and inspirational early years methodologies from other countries we are sometimes guilty of unintentionally belittling the wonderful examples of practice we have in the UK.
Metacognition is here
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: April 2016

In this article, we will see that while young children can to some extent think about their thinking, they cannot always apply these ideas to their own learning, but this can be supported by educators.
Two cheers for a u-turn on baseline
Authors: Merrick Beatrice
Published: April 2016

The government has backtracked on plans to introduce assessments at the start of the reception year, at least for now, although there are concerns that the interests of children were not the prime reason.
Eyes down for house-o
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: April 2016

The fourth article in a series that will explore traditional games takes a look at a game that is thought to have originated in Italy, with variations across the world, before being made popular in the USA! – Bingo.
A king lost and found: Revisiting the popular and the tribal myths of Mahabali from Kerala
Authors: Kalidasan Vinod Kottayil
Published: April 2016

This article attempts to revisit the popular as well as tribal myths of Mahabali, the former of which informs Onam – Kerala’s national festival. The popular myth while mourning the loss of Mavelinadu – a utopian welfare state – also attempts to recreate the same by way of thoroughly modern political praxis. The mostly unknown tribal myths of Mahabali, from the Wayanad district, however, propose an alternative concept Mavelimantam that, while being an antithesis to the former, imagines a radical, pro-Adivasi and anti-majoritarian space. Onam symbolizes the ‘return’ of Mahabali who, in the popular myth, was pushed to the netherworld by an invading Deva disguised as a dwarf Brahmin. His return from ‘exile’ also represents a politico-economic reality of his ‘former subjects’ returning from their exiles abroad, especially from the Persian Gulf. While Mahabali can stage an annual return to Kerala, Maveli, the tribal chieftain whose land was usurped by the feudal lords in the tribal myths, cannot. This article also investigates notions such as body, alienation of tribal land in contemporary Kerala, politics of myths and their ramifications on modern economic, political, philosophical and cultural affairs of the state and its deeply multicultural spaces.
Book Reviews
Authors: Frank Aparna , Pant Ritika , Baishya Anirban K. , Mini Darshana Sreedhar , Sahu Ipsita , Ghosh Shohini , Chatterjee Tupur
Published: April 2016

Indian Modern Dance, Feminism and Transnationalism, Prarthana Purkayastha (2014) Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 216 pp., h/bk, $69.99, ISBN 978-1-137-37517-9

Figurations in Indian Film, Meheli Sen and Anustup Basu (eds) (2013) London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 292 pp., ISBN 978-0-230-29179-9, Hardcover-79,99

Citizenship and Identity in the Age of Surveillance, Pramod K. Nayar (2015) Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 216 pp., h/bk, ISBN: 9781107080584, $90.00

Unsettling India: Affect, Temporality, Transnationality, Purnima Mankekar (2015) Durham and London: Duke University Press, 320 pp., ISBN: 9780822358367, p/bk, $26.95

Dream Machine: Realism and Fantasy in Hindi Cinema, Samir Dayal (2015) Philadephia: Temple University Press, 304 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4399-1064-1 P/back $31.30

Documentary Films in India: Critical Aesthetics at Work, Aparna Sharma (2015) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 276 ISBN: 9781137395436, $90. H/back

Bollywood and Postmodernism: Popular Indian Cinema in the 21st Century, Neelam Sidhar Wright (2015) Edinburgh University Press, 227 pp. ISBN: 9780748696345, h/back, $120
Parâmetros biométricos e fisiológicos de Heliconia bihai cultivada em região litorânea sob diferentes níveis de radiação solar
Authors: Lima Reivany Eduardo Morais , Farias Fábio Costa , Bezerra Marlos Alves , Bezerra Fred Carvalho
Published: April 2016

The aim of this work was evaluate the effect of different levels of light intensity on the physiology, vegetative and reproductive development of Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two grown under coastal zone of Ceara State. Plants of this species were grown under full and 30%, 40% and 50% reduction sunlight intensity. It was evaluated the number of leaves and tillers per plant; amount of stalks; leaf area, water and carbohydrate content in the leaf next to the inflorescence arising and next to the inflorescence at harvest stage. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance of plants were measured for six consecutive months. Significant difference were attained for leaf area and water content in leaves close to the inflorescence at harvest stage, with lower values, and carbohydrate contents in leaves, with higher values in plants grown in full sun. The treatments with lower levels of solar radiation had higher amounts of stalks and higher vegetative growth, the reduction in vegetative growth of the plants under full sun was due to the lower photosynthetic rate and lower translocation of assimilates.
Variants in mitochondrial tRNA gene may not be associated with thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lv F , Qian G , You W , Lin H , Wang XF , Qiu GS , Jiang YS , Pang LX , Kang YM , Jia BF , Xu JZ , Yu Y
Published: April 2016

Thyroid cancer is a very common form of endocrine system malignancy. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying thyroid cancer remains poorly understood. Studies of oncocytic tumors have led to a hypothesis which proposes that defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OX- PHOS) may result in a compensatory increase in mitochondrial replication and gene expression. As a result, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation analysis has become a useful tool to explore the molecular basis of this disease. Among these mutations, mitochondrial transfer RNAs (mttRNAs) are the hot spots for pathogenic mutations associated with thyroid cancer. However, due to its high mutation rate, the role of mt-tRNA variants in thyroid cancer is still controversial. To address this problem, in this study, we reassessed seven reported mt-tRNA variants: tRNAAsp G7521A, tRNAArg T10411C and T10463C, tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G, tRNAIle G4292C and C4312T, and tRNAAla T5655C, in clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer. We first performed the phylogenetic conservation analysis for these variants; moreover, we used a bioinformatic tool to compare the minimum free energy (G) of mt-tRNA with and without mutations. Most strikingly, none of these variants caused the significant change of the G between the wild-type and the mutant form, suggesting that they may not play an important roles in thyroid cancer. In addition, we screened the frequency of the “pathogenic” A12308G alternation in 300 patients with thyroid cancer and 200 healthy controls. We found that there were five patients and three control subjects carrying this variant. It seemed that the A12308G variant may be a common polymorphism in the human population. Taken together, our study indicated that variants in mt-tRNA genes may not play active roles in patients with thyroid cancer.
Role of Housing Reconstruction Between Years 2000 - 2014 in Merging of Urban Structure of The North East Wrocław / Rola Zabudowy Mieszkaniowej z Lat 2000-2014 w Scalaniu Struktury Urbanistycznej Północno-Wschodniego Wrocławia
Authors: Masztalski Robert , Michalski Marcin
Published: April 2016

The article presents the urban structure of the North-East of Wroclaw, where in the vicinity of the historic buildings and residential buildings from the 70s of the last century, and between, in the last 20 years there were built new buildings, as binding material of the urban structure. The new multifamily housing development of years 2000-2014 of Psie Pole as a housing development in Wroclaw, closes the gap between the historic district residential buildings in the old Psie Pole and the buildings of large slabs of the 70s of the twentieth century. The contemporary residential development uses the existing social infrastructure centre of the old Psie Pole district, and also the social infrastructure of the housing development of 70s of the twentieth century. The authors analyze, in the first part, the spatial development of these areas on the basis of historical materials. In the following, based on an analysis of urban structure created in the last 15 years of development, analyze existing conditions, context and value (in terms of urban planning - the wealth of social infrastructure), the contemporary housing development of Psie Pole.
How to avoid mass transfer limitations in ozonation kinetics of phenylphenol isomers?
Authors: Olak-Kucharczyk Magdalena , Ledakowicz Stanisław
Published: April 2016

Ozonation is a heterogeneous process of chemical absorption often controlled by a gas-liquid mass transfer rate. This paper presents the results of kinetics in a reaction between phenylphenol isomers and ozone. The degradation of phenylphenol isomers during ozonation proceeds quite fast. In order to avoid the influence of mass transfer limitation the kinetics experiments were conducted in a homogenous liquid-liquid system. The second-order rate constants were determined using classical and competition methods, which are especially recommended for fast reactions. The determined rate constants at pH 2 using the two different methods are almost the same. The increase of pH causes an increase of rate constants for the reaction of phenylphenol isomers with ozone.