bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE QUALIDADE DE SONO E CARGA DO CUIDADOR NO CONTEXTO DO AMBULATÓRIO DE PSICOGERIATRIA DO HOSPITAL SÃO VICENTE DE PAULO
Authors: Braga Amanda Dairel , Gonçalves Lair da Silva
Published: September 2024

O sono parece ser universal entre todos os vertebrados e talvez entre todos os animais, até mesmo as pequenas moscas-das-frutas. A manutenção e a qualidade do sono são fundamentais para a vida humana e sua privação é considerada devastadora para qualquer organismo vivo. O ciclo do sono é composto de fases distintas e cada uma delas é regida por um estado distinto nos âmbitos das sensações, dos pensamentos, dos movimentos musculares, dos movimentos oculares e até mesmo nas ondas materializadas por meio do eletroencefalograma. Sabe-se que uma das funções do sono é a de restaurar. A restauração ocorre tanto no campo do corpo físico quanto no comportamental. A privação prolongada de sono pode levar a sérios danos físicos e inúmeras alterações comportamentais. A indiscutível importância do sono para a saúde integral se insere dentro do contexto daqueles que possuem dificuldades de completar uma noite de sono e permanecer em repouso durante tempo suficiente para o processo de restauração no corpo físico e no plano mental. Dentro desse contexto os cuidadores de idosos exercem uma função cuja realidade, muitas vezes, é avessa àquilo que se recomenda como uma noite de sono restauradora. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar a relação entre a qualidade de sono e a carga vivida pelo cuidador, no contexto do ambulatório de psicogeriatria. Trata-se de um inquérito-transversal. Será utilizada uma ficha clínica e duas escalas de avaliação, aplicadas aos cuidadores. Posteriormente os dados serão tabulados e analisados no programa IBM SPSS 28.0.
Sport Education som pedagogisk rammeverk for kroppsøvingsundervisning i en norsk kontekst
Authors: Fon Karl Petter , Vinje Erlend Ellefsen
Published: September 2024

In this article we examine students’ and pre-service teachers’ experiences with a season of Sport Education as pedagogical framework for physical education. We relate these experiences to what Siedentop et al. (2011) presents as long-term goals for Sport Education: That students are to become competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportspersons. We have used two methods to gather data: letters and focus group interviews. Our findings indicate that both students and pre-service teachers experience that Sport Education can contribute in a positive manner towards the students’ becoming competent, literate and enthusiastic sportspersons. At the same time, the findings suggest that the model should be explored further to determine how and why students develop within the three main objectives of the model.
Advancements and challenges in botulinum toxin use: A comprehensive review
Authors: Gothe Rodrigo Cardoso
Published: September 2024

Botulinum toxin, renowned for its potency, has evolved from a treatment for medical conditions to a leading non-surgical cosmetic procedure. Initially developed to manage disorders such as dystonias and muscle spasms, it now plays a crucial role in aesthetic medicine by reducing wrinkles and expression lines. Recent advancements in its application have enhanced precision and safety, allowing for targeted doses that preserve natural facial expressions while minimizing the risk of unwanted paralysis. Innovations include new formulations and methods that extend its use to areas like the neck and midface, addressing diverse aesthetic concerns. Despite its benefits, the use of botulinum toxin is accompanied by several challenges. Overuse and potential abuse can lead to exaggerated results and diminished facial expressiveness. Long-term safety remains a concern, particularly with repeated treatments, as the long-term effects and potential for antibody development are not fully understood. The proliferation of treatments by unqualified professionals poses additional risks, underscoring the need for stringent regulation and professional training. Studies such as those by Sundaram et al. (2015), Cavallini et al. (2014), Dover et al. (2017), Glogau, Biesman, and Kane (2015), and Jaremek et al. (2023) highlight both the progress and ongoing debates in the field. These studies underscore the importance of integrating new findings into clinical practice, ensuring patient safety, and refining treatment approaches to align with contemporary aesthetic goals. They advocate for a balanced approach, emphasizing both the efficacy and the nuanced application of botulinum toxin in achieving optimal outcomes.
Instruções para uso correto de medicamentos para pacientes analfabetos
Authors: Sabadin Adalri Antonio , da Silva Joanna Rocha , Frattini Erick Francisco , Casagrande Henrique Costa , Dos Santos Henrique Ribeiro , Inhan Leandro Coutinho , De Souza Matheus Dries , Beal Solange Bortoli
Published: September 2024

Abstract The use of visual communication in the health area is one of the most significant initiatives to reinforce the verbal instructions provided by the health team. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2018, approximately 8.8% of the population aged 25 and over had no education. In this context, health professionals face difficulties in medication adherence by illiterate patients. They often face additional barriers when following medical prescriptions and treatment guidelines, which can lead to health complications and an increase in hospitalization rates. Visual communication can include the use of pictograms, illustrations, and simple schemes that aid in understanding medical instructions. This approach not only facilitates treatment adherence but also promotes greater independence and self-confidence for patients in managing their own health. The general objective of this project was to promote adequate guidance on the use of medications for illiterate patients, aiming to improve their understanding, safety, and adherence to treatment. Specifically, the project sought to develop educational, clear and accessible visual materials, train health professionals in the use of these materials, and evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in improving treatment adherence.
Manejo e complicações da Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ballan Daiana Barbosa , Frozoni Thiago Andrade , De Melo e Souza Aline Cortez , Cançado Maria Clara Ferraz Lopes , Melo Victor Hugo Mundim , Filho Fábio Henrique Soffiati , Gallassi Amanda Vaciski , Campos Letícia Reis , Campos Eleonora Reis , De Castro Thauany Boulos , Guimarães Luana Carolina Rodrigues
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo geral do presente estudo consiste em analisar a produção científica acerca do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, buscando identificar as principais complicações, bem como os principais métodos utilizados no tratamento dessa patologia. Metodologia: É uma revisão sistemática focada em entender os aspectos principais do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. A pesquisa foi guiada pela pergunta: “Quais são as complicações e o manejo do Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, com base nas evidências disponíveis na literatura científica?”. Para encontrar respostas, foram realizadas buscas na base de dados PubMed usando quatro descritores combinados com o termo booleano “AND”. Isso resultou em 408 artigos. Sendo selecionado 31 artigos para análise e utilizados 15 artigos para compor a coletânea.   Resultados: O DMG aumenta significativamente o risco de a mãe desenvolver diabetes tipo 2 após a gravidez. Sem intervenções adequadas, uma parcela considerável das mulheres com DMG pode ser diagnosticada com diabetes mellitus dentro de alguns anos após o parto. A resistência à insulina e o aumento da inflamação observados no DMG são fatores-chave que contribuem para esse risco prolongado. Conclusão: O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) é uma condição caracterizada pela intolerância à glicose durante a gravidez, aumentando o risco de complicações como parto prematuro e macrossomia. O DMG ocorre devido à resistência à insulina, e pode levar ao desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2 no futuro. O manejo eficaz envolve monitoramento contínuo, controle dietético e intervenções médicas, essenciais para proteger a saúde da mãe e do feto.
Manejo da fratura de fêmur e as principais complicações: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Maia Guilherme Terra , Porto e Silva João Paulo Martins , Bonetti Laura Maria Pereira , Garcia Lavínia Caroline Bastos , Silveira Claudio Ortiz
Published: September 2024

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific literature on hip fractures in the elderly, seeking to identify the main risk factors, surgical treatment options and their complications, as well as long-term functional outcomes. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the main aspects of the management of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. The research was guided by the question: "What is the best way to manage femoral neck fractures?". To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using three descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 115 articles. 27 articles were selected for analysis and 19 articles used to compose the collection. The searches used were: (Femoral Neck Fractures) AND (Surgical Procedures, Operative) AND (Orthopedic Procedures); (Femoral Neck Fractures) AND (Postoperative Care); (Femoral Neck Fractures) AND (Intraoperative Complications). Results: Hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are viable options, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Internal fixation with cannulated screws has a high complication rate, while the femoral neck fixation system shows promising results. The choice between cemented and uncemented prostheses continues to be debated. Conclusion: The choice of treatment should be individualized, considering factors such as age, comorbidities, and type of fracture. Early interventions are crucial to minimize complications and improve functional outcomes.
Navalha, preconceito e reabilitação da capoeira
Authors: Fontes Mauro Alexandre Farias , Kiekebusch Nicolas Catalani Zamboni
Published: September 2024

At the beginning of the twentieth century, in Rio de Janeiro, there was a great mobilization to methodize and make capoeira the national sport. Thus, we sought to make a contrast between this regulated capoeira, the Gymnastica Nacional, and the street capoeira, the capoeira carioca. For this, some researchers of the history of capoeira in Rio de Janeiro were read, then, comparing the two manuals of the Gymnastica Nacional, the Capoeira Guide and the Gymnastica Nacional, and several newspaper and magazine articles seeking to understand the discourse brought, corroborated with what some researchers had already pointed out. In this way, going a little further than what has already been said, it was realized that the Gymnastica Nacional excluded many of the elements of traditional capoeira carioca in an attempt to escape racism.
Estudos baseados na perspectiva prática: Contribuições para o organizar das festas populares no Brasil
Authors: Freitas Rafaela Goncalves , Gaspar Ligiane de Almeida , Fragata Fernanda Pinheiro , De Freitas Emanuel Kedson da Silva
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as contribuições dos estudos baseadas na perspectiva da prática para compreensão do organizar das festas populares no Brasil. As festas populares são patrimônios culturais do país e possuem o potencial de promover o desenvolvimento social e econômico. Sob a lente dos estudos da prática concentramos a análise sobre o desfile de carnaval, o festejo do Congado e a quadrilha junina. Com resultado, as contribuições da epistemologia da prática permitem compreender as práticas organizativas que estruturam as festas populares, os elementos construtivos que mantém as práticas, o conjunto de atores sociais em seu contexto organizativo real. Assim, apresentamos como contribuição teórica as diferentes perspectivas da prática e a possibilidade destas vertentes na compreensão da organização (organizing) as festas populares, direcionando futuras pesquisas no campo dos Estudos Organizacionais e da Administração, especialmente na diversidade de festas presentes.
Biostimulation of Used Engine Lubricant Polluted Soil Amended with Pig Dung
Authors: T. I Egbeja, , V. Matthew, , U. D. Shaibu, , E. Joseph, , L. S. Egwu,
Published: September 2024

The environment is polluted by hydrocarbons when used motor oils are spilled. Studies were carried out to investigate the bioremediation potential of pig dung in a soil polluted with spent engine oil. Top soil (0-15 cm depth) samples were randomly collected from areas with history of spent engine oil pollution within Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. One kilogram of the polluted-soil was measured into each of nine plastic containers. Pig dung collected from the Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, was standardly prepared and mixed with the soil at the rate of 0, 50 and 100 g kg-1 soil in triplicate. The experiment used a completely randomized design. Soil samples were taken from each container at 0 and 28 days for hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and total petroleum hydrocarbon determination using standard methods. Data obtained from the experiment were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The species identified were Enterobactersp, Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp, with Bacillus sp. being the most predominant isolate. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (mgkg-1) of the soil on day 0 was 59.78 ± 1.84. After the amendments (at control, 50 and 100 g kg-1), the total petroleum hydrocarbon (mgkg-1) values were 44.92 ±2.26, 35.52 ± 0.71 and 29.57 ± 2.99 at 28 days respectively. Pig dung and the high level carbon utilizing bacteria, Bacillus sp, significantly enhanced the biodegradation process as an impressive 50.54% remediation efficiency was achieved 28 days after amendment in soil treated with 100g of pig dung. It is recommended that a biodegradation strategy that uses pig dung and Bacillus sp be employed in the clean-up of used engine lubricant polluted soils.
Comparative of Hepatocytes and Intestinal Villi in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio) and Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata): Novel Insights into Species-Specific Fish for Animal Model
Authors: Sari Intan Wahyuning Purnama , Fitria Zulfa Nabila , Sirat Muhammad Mirandy Pratama , Permata Fajar Shodiq
Published: September 2024

The zebra fish (Danio rerio) is widely recognized as a prominent model organism in research. In contrast, Indonesia, with its abundant aquatic resources, frequently encounters the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in its freshwater ecosystems. Notably, guppies exhibit reproductive rates akin to those of zebra fish. This study endeavors to compare the histomorphometric characteristics of the liver and intestinal organs between zebra fish and guppies. The research involved 9 zebra fish and 9 guppies obtained from local breeders in Malang, East Java. Following euthanasia, histological samples were prepared through a series of procedures including fixation, trimming, dehydration, clearing, paraffin embedding, sectioning, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and mounting. Histomorphometric observations focused on the diameter and area of hepatocytes, as well as the height and width of intestinal villi. The data were analyzed quantitatively using an Independent Sample T-Test at a 95% confidence level, facilitated by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The findings revealed statistically significant differences in the histomorphometry of hepatocyte diameter and area, as well as the height and width of intestinal villi between zebra fish and guppies, with a significance value (2-tailed) of <0.05. These differences are attributed to various factors, including habitat, dietary selection and frequency, and physiological adaptations to the environmental conditions of the two species. The findings also contributed to novel insight utilizing these fish to be animal models that guppy fish is more suitable for aquaculture research model and zebra fish likely to more appropriate in human model.
Human Rights as A Contemporary Approach to Dispute Reduction and Peacebuilding (An Applied analytical Study)
Authors: الشريف محمد
Published: September 2024

سعت الدراسة في ثناياها إلى إبراز الدور المركزي لحقوق الإنسان كنهج معاصر يساعد في الحد من النزاعات، ويعين في حفظ وبناء السلام المستدام، فكان من لوازم هذا النهج، الكشف عن العلاقة التقاطعية الكامنة بين حقوق الإنسان، وحل النزاعات وبناء السلام، وذلك بهتك الستار المسدل بينهما، ويتأتّى ذلك بإظهار أساس العلاقة التي تربطهما من الناحية القانونية والسيكولوجية، ثم شرعت تحلل هذه العلاقة وتبين أوجه التوتر والتآزر بينهما، وتمحص الحجة القائلة: بأن انتهاك حقوق الإنسان يولد النزاعات ويقوض السلام، ولصدق هذه الحجة الأخيرة، أخذت الدراسة على عاتقها - في محاولة منها - بناء نهج قائم على حقوق الإنسان في حل النزاعات وبناء السلام، وكان من مقتضى هذا النهج، حتمية تطوير منظومة حقوق الإنسان في كلا السياقين: المفاهيمي، والهيكلي، وهو ما انطوت عليه الدراسة بالفعل، ثم اسقطت تجارب بعض الدول - التي مُنِيَت بالنزاعات - على هذا النهج؛ لتقيس صدق فاعليته، ولم تغفل عن الرد على بعض الشبه القادحة في هذا الأخير، حيث قامت بتــفــنـيدها ودحضها.
Perspective Chapter: Ground Dwelling Carabids – Challenges and Conservation in a Dynamic Environment
Authors: Gudi Ramakrishna Bindu , Sri Vishnu Murthy Jasti , Sushma Gopu , Thanu C.N.
Published: September 2024

Ground beetles are a group of soil-dwelling insects belonging to the order Coleoptera and the family Carabidae. They exhibit great diversity in size and behavior with more than 40,000 species worldwide, of which 2000 are found in America and 2700 in Europe. Carabids have a wide range of feeding preferences, including generalists and specialized feeders. These beetles hold significant importance in conservation efforts due to their role as predators of insect pests and weed seeds, as bio-indicators, by contributing to ecosystem engineering and partaking in pollination. Occasionally some species act as pests of crop plants. Conservation of ground beetles faces several challenges, including habitat loss and fragmentation, pesticide use, agricultural practices, climate change, invasive species, and light pollution. Consequently, conservation strategies must be devised to safeguard ground beetles such as creating non-crop refuge habitats, employing targeted insecticides, adopting sustainable farming techniques, reducing light pollution, implementing monitoring programs, and engaging citizen science initiatives to help revitalize ground beetle populations in our ever-changing world.
Unlocking the Synergy: Exploring the Solubility Permeability Interplay in Microemulsion-Based Skin Drug Delivery
Authors: Verma Neha , Rai Sonam , Gaur Nishant , Kumar Nitin
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has witnessed a growing demand for drug delivery systems that are both effective and targeted. This surge in demand has sparked considerable interest in microemulsions as carriers for delivering drugs to the skin. This chapter aims to delve into the intricate relationship between solubility and permeability within microemulsion-based delivery systems, with the objective of unraveling the synergistic effects that govern their efficacy. This review investigates the physicochemical properties of microemulsions and their role in enhancing drug solubility and skin permeability. By examining current literature and experimental data, we aim to demonstrate how microemulsions can improve drug delivery, particularly in cases where conventional formulations struggle with poor solubility and limited skin permeation. The outcomes of this review chapter are poised to hold significant promise for the pharmaceutical industry by offering strategies for optimizing drug delivery systems. These findings improve our understanding of microemulsion-based drug delivery and guide the design of more effective formulations, advancing transdermal drug delivery. By highlighting key research findings and identifying areas for future investigation, this chapter aims to open new avenues for improving therapeutic outcomes and patient care in the field of dermatology and beyond.
Food-Grade Dye Extracts/Photosensitisers from Non-staple Plants: Prospects for Eco-friendly Low-Cost Food Disinfection and Topical Biomedical Applications
Authors: Majiya Hussaini
Published: September 2024

The used of food-grade photosensitisers for controlling microorganisms promised to be a viable and sustainable alternative strategy to the conventional methods which are complex and operationally, chemically and energy intensive, thereby making them expensive. Also, the quest/preference by food consumers for green technology especially in food disinfection and sanitation is making use of food-grade photosensitisers as suitable alternative for the control of microorganisms. Food-grade photosensitisers/dye extract from non-staple plants could be used for photodynamic sanitation of foods and contact surfaces and treatment of localised topical wound and skin diseases. There are many types of food-grade photosensitisers and dye extracts that can be sourced abundantly from non-staple plant extracts that have got long history of safe use as medicines and foods by humans. These photosensitisers of plant origin are diverse groups of compounds including curcumoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, perylenequinones, flavins, chlorins, thiophenes, carotenoids, terpenes, and anthocyanins. This chapter discusses basics and targets of photodynamic inactivation in microorganisms. It also discussed and outlined food-grade photosensitisers from plant sources and their photodynamic antimicrobial activity. The chapter concludes by discussing the new thinking/perspectives, challenges and prospects of using food-grade dye extracts for disinfection of foods and contact surfaces.
Anatomical Endoscopic Enucleation of the Prostate: An Overview
Authors: Bhandarkar Ajay , Mehta Nisarg , Handa Rishabh
Published: September 2024

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increase with age, primarily due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), affecting about 80% of men above 80 years of age with a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). Treatment varies from pharmacotherapy to surgery based on the severity of LUTS. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been considered the standard of care for surgical management of LUTS/BPO. However, in the last few decades with technological advancements and shortfalls of TURP, newer techniques for surgical treatment have emerged. These techniques score over TURP in many ways providing significant functional improvements, shorter hospital stays, and lower complication rates compared to conventional resection techniques. Advancements in laser technology and surgical approaches have established anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) as a gold standard for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery. AEEP offers excellent functional outcomes, reduced bleeding risks, shorter catheterization times, and lower hospital stays, making it suitable for a wide range of patients, especially those with large prostates. Long-term functional outcomes of AEEP are superior to TURP irrespective of the technique or energies used. Future research should aim to optimize surgical techniques, explore ejaculatory-sparing approaches, and standardize outcome reporting to further solidify AEEP’s role in BPO treatment.
Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Dobra-Constantinescu Anca , Maier Veronica , Coțiu Mădălina-Alexandra
Published: September 2024

Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is seen as an important element for entrepreneurial propensity and start-up venture creation. At the same time, there is a wide consensus that entrepreneurship is associated with job creation and economic development. However, because EE is still a relatively new field of study in its exploratory phase, significant research gaps remain. This chapter aims to present an overview of EE concerning important aspects such as its link with entrepreneurship development, entrepreneurial teaching techniques, entrepreneurial competencies, topics to be approached, and discussions regarding important directions of entrepreneurship development to critically systemise core aspects of this concept. Results indicate EE is a broad, multidimensional, and complex topic. The findings of this chapter help direct further research and curriculum design to maximise results obtained in fostering EE among students.
A Particular Visual Enlightenment: A Refraction of Science, Religion, and Health on Wellness and Fullness of Life
Authors: A. Johnson Leonidas
Published: September 2024

Western allopathic medicine, Traditional East Asian Medicine (TEAM), and Energy Medicine often use vastly different scientific-based methodologies, logic, and religious/spiritual paths in the pursuit of health, wellness, and ultimately, the fullness of life. Excellent physical health alone does not equate to an excellent quality of life. Healers who labor to put people in a position to grab all the gusto life has to offer should possess a tool that increases their ability to align, converge, and bring into focus scientific, religious/spiritual, and multiple medical health vantage points to promote wellness and the fullness of life outcome. A Particular Visual Enlightenment (APVE) is a metaphysical refraction, an optical tool, that aligns and converges the disciplines of science, religion/spirituality, and health with a focus on wellness and the fullness of life.
Loneliness, Depression, Suicide
Authors: Simsek Nuray , Zincir Handan
Published: September 2024

Traditionally, the phenomenon of loneliness was viewed as a painful feeling or a chronic affliction, whereas today it is seen as a signal to change behavior. There are many emotional distresses that accompany loneliness, but it is not clear whether they are a cause or a consequence of loneliness. Emotional states associated with loneliness include low self-esteem, shyness, anxiety, anger and tension, neuroticism and introversion, hypersensitivity, self-blame, and feelings of worthlessness. Loneliness is known to trigger depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Loneliness and depression are related concepts, yet they are distinct from each other. Loneliness has also been associated with suicide, with or without depression. Durkheim’s suicide theory can be a guide in understanding the relationship between loneliness and suicide. Durkheim considered suicide as a social phenomenon. In a study analyzing comparative and longitudinal studies on loneliness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in adolescents, it was reported that it was not fully understood whether loneliness had a specific relationship with suicidal ideation and that studies gave mixed findings in this regard. As a result, loneliness is a concept associated with depression and suicide. It is possible to see this relationship in every age stage.
Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Application on Rice Yield and Quality
Authors: Kheyri Norollah
Published: September 2024

Rice is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population. Zinc (Zn) is a key micronutrient for plants, especially rice. Zinc deficiency can be a serious threat to global food security due to a significant reduction in rice yield. Currently, the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) through improving grain yield (GY) and increasing rice grain enrichment can be considered as an effective strategy to achieve the dual goal of ensuring food security and improving human health. This chapter describes the applications of ZnO-NPs in rice plants in terms of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, nutrient uptake and crop yield. The addition of ZnO-NPs improves growth, increases agronomical parameters, enhances GY, and reduces the allocation of heavy metals into edible parts like grains, thereby improving the yield and quality of rice grains. In general, the present chapter emphasizes the beneficial role of ZnO-NPs in improving the yield and quality of rice grains.
Defect-Induced Ferromagnetism in ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Kisan Bhagaban , Kumar Das Rajat
Published: September 2024

ZnO nanoparticles of different sizes were produced using a high-energy mechanical milling process. The average crystallite size drops from ∼28 to ∼11 nm after milling for 60 hours, the effective strain rises, and both the unmilled and milled powders exhibit a wurtzite structure. The crystallite size value increases (∼20–26 nm) with air annealing at 600°C. The pure ZnO powders show paramagnetism and eventually reveal ferromagnetism with moderate moment and large coercivity at ambient temperature. For the tm = 40 hours, ZnO powder generated a moment of ∼0.9 emu/g at 12 kOe applied field and a coercivity value of ∼172 Oe. Further, Hc and Ms increase with decreasing temperature. ZFC and FC curve shows the ferromagnetic in nature. Furthermore, oxygen (VO) and zinc vacancies (VZn) were the primary causes of intrinsic defects, supported by Raman scattering spectra. Therefore, ZnO nanoparticles with magnetic characteristics that may be adjusted show promise for use in multipurpose spintronic devices.
Interactions between Lactose-Proteins-Minerals in Dairy Systems: A Review
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Saxena Juhi , Truong Tuyen , Chandrapala Jayani
Published: September 2024

Milk and dairy products are complex matrices rich in diverse macronutrients and micronutrients. Lactose, a key component, interacts with milk proteins primarily through hydrogen bonding, while proteins interact via hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic forces. These interactions, along with mineral-protein interactions, significantly influence the functionality and stability of dairy products. The physical state of lactose and the nature of mineral interactions—shaped by the type, concentration, and processing conditions—can trigger reactions that alter the physicochemical properties of the system. Additionally, the stability of these systems is affected by the specific types and concentrations of proteins and minerals involved. Processing steps such as thermal treatment, concentration, fermentation, and drying, as well as non-thermal technologies like high-intensity ultrasound, further modify these interactions, impacting product quality and storage stability. Understanding these intricate relationships is crucial for optimizing the design and formulation of dairy products. This review examines the mechanisms of lactose-protein, lactose-mineral, and protein-mineral interactions in both liquid and solid systems, highlighting the significant implications these interactions have on processing and product stability.
Socio-Economic and Environmental Effects of Difference Scale in Sewage Sludge Recycling System Considering Ecological Value in China
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Matsumoto Toru
Published: September 2024

With China’s ongoing economic development and increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the number of sewage plants is increasing annually and sludge production is increasing. This study analyzed the scale effect of sludge treatment and recycling systems (STRS) with different technologies (i.e., incineration, aerobic composting, used in material, anaerobic digestion) on the performance of environment an socio-economy by life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC). The LCA results showed that aerobic composting had a better impact on climate change (−1.53E−03 kg CO2 eq/p/yr) than other methods, while the whole life cost (WLC) results showed the scenario of using in material had the less cost in four scenarios. Moreover, the socio-economic impact of introducing a carbon ecological compensation mechanism into the STRS to achieve carbon neutrality was analyzed taking Tianjin as an example. In the future, it is recommended to consider and incorporate the environmentally friendly impacts of STRS with various scales into the carbon ecological compensation mechanism.
Tool or Toy? Teachers’ Beliefs on Technology Integration in the Preschool Classroom
Authors: Ross-Lightfoot Rae , E. Lake Vickie , Beisly Amber , Young Lim Boo
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate preschool teachers’ beliefs regarding the role of technology in the preschool classroom and how pre-service teachers (PSTs) perceive their cooperating teacher’s (CT) role in supporting or hindering their technology integration efforts. Participants included 15 PSTs and eight CTs. Interviews, focus groups, and student reflections were analyzed using first- and second-cycle coding methods. Results revealed that CTs’ beliefs were influenced by whether they viewed technology as a tool or toy. If CTs viewed technology as a toy, they integrated technology in more traditional, teacher-centered practices. In contrast, if CTs viewed technology as a tool, they purposefully and intentionally made attempts to integrate technology to support student learning. Last, if CTs viewed technology as a toy, PSTs experienced negative or apathetic interactions from their CT regarding their technology integration efforts.
Functional Near-Infrared Imaging for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Miao Yuanhao , H. Radamson Henry
Published: September 2024

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is utilized as an optical approach for biomedical applications, especially for the brain-computer-interfaces (BCIs) applications due to their absorption contrast between oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb). In this chapter, we first make a brief introduction about the research background of fNIRS; then, the basic work principle of the fNIRS instrument was also reviewed, the performance of which was greatly affected by the light source (LEDs and lasers) and detectors (pin photodetector, avalanche photodiodes, and photomultiplier tube); afterward, we thoroughly introduce the fNIRS and hybrid fNIRS-EEG BCIs with a focus on the data classification methods, for instance, machine-learning (ML) algorithms and deep-learning (DL) algorithms, thereby forming better classification accuracies; lastly, challenges of fNIRS were pointed out, and an outlook was also made to foster the rapid research and development of this technology toward neuroscience and clinical applications.
Assessing the Impact of Intercultural Virtual Collaboration on Global Citizenship Education
Authors: Van Rompay-Bartels Ingrid , Watkins Clinton , Zijlstra Laurens , Geessink Jannemieke
Published: September 2024

The development of the capabilities necessary to foster global citizenship in undergraduate university students is an important goal of many higher education institutions. We assess the impact of intercultural virtual collaboration (IVC) courses on the three key competencies of students—collaborative skills, ethical and social responsibility, and intercultural proficiency—that underpin global citizenship (GC). We analyse pre- and post-course test data related to the learning goals of three IVCs between the universities in the Netherlands and Japan, Spain, and the USA, respectively. Using one-tailed paired sample t-tests, we find statistically significant improvements in each of these competencies and conclude that IVC supports the development of GC in university students, even if they have prior international experience.
Agroforestry and animal husbandry
Authors: Goracci Jacopo , Camilli Francesca
Published: September 2024

Agroforestry (AF) entails deliberate agricultural practices where farmers integrate a combination of trees, grasses, shrubs, crops, and livestock within their farming systems to create more resilient and sustainable agricultural landscapes. This strategic combination enhances soil fertility, conserves water, and mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon. Additionally, it fosters diverse habitats for wildlife and promotes biodiversity. Animal husbandry within AF systems optimises land use efficiency, providing animals with access to forage, shade, and shelter. This holistic approach enhances resilience against environmental challenges, ensuring diversified and consistent agricultural production over time, ultimately boosting farm productivity and profitability. This chapter underscores the multifaceted benefits of integrating AF and animal husbandry, offering valuable insights into viable agricultural practices for achieving food sovereignty and providing ecosystem services.
Enhancing Smart Grid Data Utilization within the Internet of Things Paradigm: A Cyber-Physical Security Framework
Authors: Hu Zhijian , Su Rong
Published: September 2024

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies transforms traditional power systems into smart grids with more opportunities for optimizing power generation and consumption. However, this integration incurs significant cyber-physical security challenges that must be addressed to ensure the authenticity of critical data. This chapter explores the intersection of smart grid data utilization and cyber-physical security within the IoT paradigm. We first introduce the key components of IoT systems and their communication in smart grids, highlighting the interdependencies and vulnerabilities. Then, we discuss the potential risks associated with the collection, transmission, and utilization of data in smart grid environments, emphasizing the importance of cyber-physical security countermeasures in mitigating these risks. Finally, we propose a cyber-physical security framework equipped with dual risk-mitigation layers, including offline parameter configuration and online intrusion detection, to safeguard smart grid data against cyber-physical threats. By adopting this security framework, stakeholders can leverage the full potential of IoT technologies in smart grids while ensuring the security of the critical infrastructure. This chapter contributes to the ongoing discourse on cyber-physical security in smart grids and provides practical insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers seeking to address the evolving challenges in this domain.
Achieving Sustainability via Marketing Communication in the Era of Social and Technological Changes
Authors: Majerová Jana , Višňovský Ján
Published: September 2024

The plurality that characterises postmodern society calls for a much more coherent reflection on socio-economic trends and challenges than was the case in the past. It has become necessary in all fields to take account of individual facts against the background of broad socio-scientific overlaps. This also applies to the achievement of the objectives of sustainable development of society. Thus, the aim of the chapter becomes the conceptualisation of the postulates of social responsibility in the context of the current trends and challenges of the use of social media in marketing communication framed by the specificities of contemporary digital society. Methodologically, the paper is based on the implementation of basic methods of formal logic and the method of scientific excerption. It has been found out that the potential of incorporation of new trends in scope of communicating in favour of achieving sustainable goals is high not only on B2C but also on B2B markets. Also, the phenomenon of green influencers and the importance of authentic pro-socially responsible content in marketing communication of socially responsible companies have been identified.
The effect of types of bed and inter-row spacing on yield and quality of onion at Fogera district of South Gondar zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulat Getaneh Melesse  , Awoke Ali Zeleke  , Birhanu Habtie Zegeye
Published: September 2024

Farmers in South Gondar zone were using broadcast transplanting in flatbeds with border ridges to produce onion in the dry season. On the other hand, the research recommendation is to transplant onion seedling in furrow and ridge with double row plantings of 40 cm x 20 cm inter row spacing. This study was therefore initiated to demonstrate to farmers different planting techniques and eventually to observe yield and quality advantages of onion production using furrow and ridge in double rows and flatbed planting methods with various inter row spacing. Thirteen treatments including furrow and ridge planting techniques in double rows (standard check) and flatbeds planting with broadcasting (farmers’ traditional practice) were compared in RCBD with three replications. The result revealed that number of leaves, plant neck diameter, bulb length, bulb diameter; marketable bulb yield, unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield were significantly affected by planting techniques. Furrow and ridge planting technique in double rows (standard check) with inter row spacing of 40 cm x 20 cm gave the highest bulb yield (25.88 t/ha), followed by 30 cm x 20 cm (24.32 t/ha) as compared to broadcast transplanting in flatbeds with boarder ridges (farmers’ traditional practice) (18.42 t/ha). It is therefore confirmed that high bulb yield and superior quality was produced from furrow and ridge method in double rows with inter row spacing of 40 cm x 20 cm. Further advice to farmers and large scale demonstration of this practice is thus essential to persuade farmers to enhance shifting from traditional to research recommended planting practice.
Apple Pi
Authors: Strassberg Adam ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2024

Can marital disputes be solved with a flip of the coin? Is “fairness and equality” the goal of a successful marriage? In this work of philosophical/ethics short fiction, Martin and Mari, a couple who met in college, base their entire relationship on fairness and equality, using coin flips and dice rolls to decide everything from who sleeps on the left side of the bed to what kind of car they buy. As they age, Martin's desire for sex remains strong, while Mari's wanes. He negotiates higher and higher odds for sex in exchange for giving in to Mari's preferences in other areas of their lives. Eventually, Martin develops erectile dysfunction, and Mari uses their system to deny him medication. The story ends with Martin living a life dictated by Mari's choices, wondering how their seemingly fair system led to such inequality.
Breaking
Authors: Bartolone Ginny ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2024

Are newspapers really in the news business? In this work of philosophical/ethics short fiction, Meg, a journalist, is assigned a breaking news story about a potential asteroid impact. Her editor wants her to use Trifecta, an AI program that tailors news headlines to individual readers' fears and biases. Meg is uncomfortable with the ethical implications of using Trifecta for such a sensitive story, as it could cause widespread panic. She tries to convince her editor to use a more neutral headline, but her colleague Jeff is assigned the story instead. Meg quits her job, disillusioned with the state of journalism.
BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Pandey Neha
Published: September 2024

Bacterial pathogenesis refers to the process by which bacteria cause disease in their hosts. It involves a series of interactions between the bacteria and the host organism, leading to tissue damage, dysfunction, and clinical manifestations of illness. Bacterial infections are a significant global health burden, contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bacterial pathogens can cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild infections to life-threatening conditions, highlighting the importance of studying their mechanisms of pathogenicity (Peterson, 1996). The significance of bacterial pathogenesis within the broader landscape of global health cannot be overstated. In recognizing the gravity of this health burden, an in depth comprehension of bacterial pathogenesis emerges as a linchpin in the development of effective strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases. The nuanced exploration of the mechanisms underpinning bacterial pathogenicity is paramount, as bacterial pathogens wield the potential to instigate a spectrum of illnesses, ranging from seemingly benign infections to severe, life-threatening conditions. In this pursuit, unraveling the intricacies of bacterial pathogenesis not only broadens our understanding of microbial host interactions but also lays the groundwork for targeted interventions that address the diverse challenges posed by bacterial infections in contemporary healthcare (Casadevall & Pirofski, 2000; Peterson, 1996). In the complex interplay between pathogenic bacteria and their host organisms, the process of infection unfolds through distinct stages, each marked by intricate molecular interactions and dynamic strategies employed by both parties. The initial phase, colonization, signifies the establishment of bacteria on host tissues or mucosal surfaces through specific adhesive interactions mediated by microbial adhesins and host cell receptors. Subsequently, the invasion stage ensues as bacteria breach host barriers, such as epithelial cells and mucosal membranes, employing various mechanisms, both active and passive. Following successful invasion, bacteria enter a phase of active replication and multiplication within the host environment, utilizing host resources for growth while simultaneously producing virulence factors that contribute to tissue damage. The final stage, dissemination, marks the migration of bacteria from the initial site of infection to other tissues or organs within the host, either locally or systemically. This process may occur through the bloodstream, lymphatic vessels, or direct extension from adjacent sites of infection, ultimately contributing to the progression of infectious diseases. Understanding these sequential stages provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of bacterial infections and informs efforts to develop targeted therapeutic interventions (Casadevall & Pirofski, 2000; Peterson, 1996).
SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
Authors: Rodrigues Steffin
Published: September 2024

Sporothrix schenckii complex is a group of ubiquitous, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens responsible for the development of noduloulcerative lesions in skin and subcutaneous tissue. The mold form of the fungi is commonly present in the environment (in soil, on plant material), whereas the yeast form is commonly seen in human & animal hosts.[1] It was initially assumed that only one species, Sporothrix schenckii, was involved in the infection, but later, molecular and phenotypical analysis of the Sporothrix schenckii complex determined that the group consisted of Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix luriei, in addition to other cryptic species.[2] Following traumatic inoculation with either Sporothrix-contaminated thorns, less frequently by scratches from infected cats, and rarely, post inhalation of the fungal spores, the fungi would enter the host and cause subcutaneous tissue infection. This disease came to be called by many names – Sporotrichosis, Rose Gardner‘s disease, Rose Picker‘s disease, Schenck‘s disease, Rose Handler‘s disease, and Rose Thorn disease. [3,4] Floriculture, horticulture, wood exploitation, and mining were activities commonly associated with the infection. [5] S. brasiliensis was often associated with zoonotic infections transmitted by cats.
UNVEILING THE MICROBIAL MENACE: EXPLORING PATHOGENS OF MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Kumar S. V Dr. Santhosh , Ali K. R Dr. Mansoor , Ruskin Dr. Shabi , Ajayan Dr. T. , Chandraja C. V Dr.
Published: September 2024

Microbial pathogens represent a diverse array of organisms posing significant threats to human health, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths [1,2]. These microorganisms have the potential to induce a spectrum of diseases, ranging from mild infections to severe, life-threatening conditions [3]. Understanding their characteristics, transmission dynamics, associated diseases, and strategies for combating these pathogens is crucial for safeguarding public health [4]. This chapter delves into the complex realm of microbial pathogens, shedding light on their impact, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and ongoing efforts to mitigate their adverse effects on human populations.