bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charisma and Rational Redevelopment
Authors: Brooker Paul , Hayward Margaret
Published: November 2023

Rational redevelopment has a wide-ranging relationship with charismatic leadership and ‘routinized’ charisma. The chapter’s first half focuses on charismatic leadership and the case of Jorma Ollila: the Nokia corporation’s chairman/CEO until 2012. He acquired charismatic status in the 1990s due to an exceptionally successful rational redevelopment that prioritized mobile phones. And Ollila’s charismatic status helped him in 2010/11 to prepare Nokia for a second redevelopment, carried out by his successor. The chapter’s second half focuses on routinized charisma. Ollila’s imparting of Nokia Way values became a routinized-charisma cultural legacy that was re-emphasized by his successor, Risto Siilasmaa, during the mid-2010s redeveloping of Nokia. However, routinized-charisma cultural legacies can instead impede redevelopment. IBM CEO Lou Gerstner’s charismatic status helped him overcome an impeding routinized-charisma legacy from the corporation’s founders. But when Hewlett-Packard (HP) CEO Carly Fiorina tried to redevelop her corporation, she was impeded by the founders’ HP Way cultural legacy.
Conclusion
Authors: Brooker Paul , Hayward Margaret
Published: November 2023

The Conclusion has three parts. The first is a summing up of the findings from the various case studies in the Parts I and II chapters. The second part is called ‘broadening the perspective’. It shows how the Part II chapters can broaden the Part I perspective on rational leadership and the development of corporations. For instance, it points to how organizational processes used for redevelopment may also be used to implement decisions by leaders of corporation development. The third part of the Conclusion looks to the future and argues that redevelopment will become more common in the next generation, 2020‒50.
Materializing the Middle Passage
Authors: Webster Jane
Published: November 2023

An estimated 2.8 million Africans made a forced crossing of the Atlantic on British slave ships: a journey known as the ‘Middle Passage’. This book focuses on the ship itself: the largest artefact of the transatlantic slave trade, but one rarely studied by archaeologists, because so few examples of wrecked slaving vessels have been located. This book argues that there are other ways for archaeologists to materialize the slave ship. It employs a pioneering interdisciplinary methodology combining primary documentary sources, underwater and terrestrial archaeological data, paintings, and museum collections, to ‘rebuild’ British slaving vessels and identify changes to them over time. The book then considers the reception of the slave ship and its trade goods in coastal West Africa, and goes on to detail the range, and uses, of the many African materials (such as ivory) entering Britain on slave ships. The third section considers the Middle Passage experiences of captives and crews, arguing that greater attention needs to be paid to the coping mechanisms through which Africans survived, yet also challenged, their captive passage. Finally, the book asks why the African Middle Passage experience remains so elusive and considers when, how, and why the crossing was remembered by ‘saltwater’ Africans in the Caribbean and North America. The marriage of words and things attempted in this richly illustrated book is underpinned throughout by a theoretical perspective combining creolization and postcolonial theory, and by a central focus on the materiality of the slave ship and its regimes
Materializing the Middle Passage
Authors: Webster Jane
Published: November 2023

This introductory chapter employs three material things—a portrait, of Dido Belle Lindsay, a punch bowl depicting the slave ship Swallow, and the components of a necklace from the cemetery at Newton Plantation, Barbados—to foreground the themes and issues central to Materializing the Middle Passage, and to outline the author’s practice as a historical archaeologist. Some of the scholarship that has informed the book is also introduced here, in discussing the entwined theoretical frameworks that underpin the analysis: creolization theory and postcolonial theory. Finally, the structure of the book is outlined, and brief summaries provided of the central themes of each of the following eleven chapters.
Artefacts from the Sea
Authors: Webster Jane
Published: November 2023

Chapter 4 introduces the wrecked slave ships uncovered by maritime archaeologists. Few such vessels have been located, and fewer still have been explored in any detail; so all known examples, whatever their port of origin, are discussed in this analysis. Two ships stand out here: the British Henrietta Marie (lost in 1700) and the Danish Fredensborg (lost in 1768). They remain the only active transatlantic slavers to have been subject to both extensive excavation and detailed archival research. Having considered these and other located slaver wrecks, the chapter moves on to ex-slavers—ships once used in the slave trade but employed in other ways at the time of their loss. The final section considers wrecked vessels that may have been involved in the slave trade, but whose identities remain uncertain.
Guineamen
Authors: Webster Jane
Published: November 2023

Chapter 5 employs a wide variety of source materials to materialize the shared characteristics of the ships employed in the British slave trade. It also provides a series of short portraits of slaving vessels built between c.1680 and 1807, tracing the small but significant changes to the merchant slaver over the course of that period. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 1788 Dolben Act and subsequent legislation upon slave ship design. When they arrived off Africa, all vessels used in the slave trade underwent a metamorphosis that transformed them from merchant ships into slave ships. Platforms, bulkheads, and other features were erected above and below decks, creating the spaces, at once physical and social, of the Middle Passage. The second part of this chapter details these temporary changes, which were largely built from timber and were dismantled upon the ship’s eventual arrival in the Americas.
A Brief Introduction to Modal Systems
Authors: Dodds Michael R.
Published: November 2023

This chapter surveys the four main modal systems used in the early modern era, defining modal terms and highlighting certain threads running through the longer history of mode. In historical order, these systems are the eight modes of medieval plainchant; the twelve modes of Renaissance polyphony; the seventeenth-century church tones; and the major–minor system of the High Baroque. The eight modes originated to organize the vast body of plainchants composed in Western Europe between the sixth and eighth centuries. The twelve-mode system proposed by Glarean and Zarlino in the mid-sixteenth century extended modality from plainchant to vocal polyphony, while introducing concepts that would prove deeply influential in Baroque theory. The ascendancy of basso continuo c. 1600 prompted the church tones, a modal scheme arising from transposition conventions for polyphonic psalmody. Informal description of keys by final and quality of third arose in France c. 1630 as a response to the crisis of complexity created by competing modal systems. Not until c. 1680 did music theorists begin to conceive the major and minor modes prescriptively, as abstract scales transposable to any chromatic degree. Completing the organization of the major and minor keys into a true system of transpositionally equivalent keys were two landmark constructs, Heinichen’s 1711 circle of fifths and Campion’s 1716 rule of the octave.
The Baroque Church Tones in Western European Music Theory
Authors: Dodds Michael R.
Published: November 2023

The church tones are a scheme of modal classification arising in Italy c. 1600 from negotiation between vocal and keyboard constraints in the performance, notation, and publication of Roman Catholic Office polyphony. First described by Adriano Banchieri in L’Organo suonarino (Venice, 1605), the church tones were presented over the course of the Baroque era by more than thirty theorists from Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Flanders, Austria, Bavaria, Bohemia, and Saxony. While Italian Renaissance theorists viewed the tones either as accidental manifestations of the modes or as parallel to them but differing in essence, their Baroque successors came to view the tuoni (now often called the “church tones” in various European languages) as a system of modal classification in their own right, sometimes superseding the modes altogether. This chapter traces how music theorists represented the church tones with regard to (1) their status as a modal scheme; (2) their tonalities; and especially (3) their music-theoretical parameters. Early on, theorists represented the church tones with psalm tones and/or octave species, but by the mid-seventeenth century this changed to the triad, giving way in the high Baroque to simply final and signature (or quality of third). These changes in representation reveal a shift from vocal to keyboard orientation in the conceptualization of mode, and with it a privileging of final and quality of third as primary modal markers—reflecting the concurrent rise of the two-mode system.
Two Modes
Authors: Dodds Michael R.
Published: November 2023

The two-mode system originated in the early seventeenth century in reductive description of modes of other schemes on the basis of quality of third. Its subsequent emergence as a system in its own right corresponds to a shift from descriptive to prescriptive definitions. A leading catalyst was the crisis of complexity created by French adoption of Zarlino’s second dodecachordal scheme that numbered the modes from C. Faced with three different modal schemes, musicians found it easier to refer to mode on the basis of final and quality of third. Quality of third served as a descriptive marker within the twelve modes and the church tones starting c. 1630, before theorists began to present the major and minor modes as widely transposable intervallic patterns about half a century later. In the final two decades of the seventeenth century, theorists began to present the major and minor modes as the system with ontological precedence, or indeed the only modal system. While this shift occurred differently in the various national traditions, in all of them it involved a redefinition of the relationship between scale and background system. No longer identified with particular finals of the Guidonian diatonic, the major and minor modes came to be conceived as abstract scalar patterns and, crucially, widely transposable on the chromatic keyboard. French and German music theorists’ emphasis respectively on scale and triad produced somewhat differing but eventually convergent conceptualizations of tonal space.
River Ecology
Authors: Mallin Michael A.
Published: November 2023

This volume explains the basic concepts of the ecology of streams and rivers, visualizing the system as a continuum in which the upper headwaters are intimately linked with the lower river, including and part of the estuary. It discusses how rainfall in the upper watershed combines with geography and geology to shape the physical river ecosystem, the currents, erosional forces, and interactions with the floodplain. Light, or solar irradiance, is discussed in terms of how it influences river plant growth and how it is influenced by suspended sediments and water color. Nutrients and their sources, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silica (Si), influence plant and bacterial life, and overabundances of N and P cause major problems to the river system. The growth and overgrowth of river plant life (phytoplankton, periphyton, macroalgae, and macrophytes) is described, and relations with nutrients and grazers, and as habitat for invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. This volume assumes that natural rivers are now exceedingly rare and describes in depth the many human-caused problems endemic to today’s rivers, including watershed clearcutting of forests and urbanization, construction and impacts of dams and water diversions, power plant impacts to rivers, chemical pollution, and introduction and control of plant and animal invasive species. This volume also provides chapters discussing previously understudied lotic systems such as blackwater streams and rivers, tidal creeks, and reservoir ecology. Stream and river restoration is also described. The book concludes with a chapter on flooding, hurricane impacts, and how climate change is and will influence those major river impacts, as well as other aspects of the river ecosystem’s ecology.
Altering the Natural Flow
Authors: Mallin Michael A.
Published: November 2023

The natural flow of the vast majority of rivers in the northern hemisphere has been altered, and such alterations are now ongoing on a massive scale in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Dams greatly change historical flow regimes used by native fishes, block anadromous fish migrations, change water chemistry, and alter the riparian vegetation community and wildlife usage by blocking the flood pulse. Interbasin transfer of water from a river to a different watershed has occurred on large scales, such as in the Colorado River; such water diversions have strong impacts on fisheries, aquatic-based economics, and even international relations. Deciding what to do regarding water use in a given river requires stakeholder contributions, data gathering, and adaptive management approaches. With the availability of water in some regions now imperilled, advances in water conservation techniques and even wastewater recycling are now becoming critical to maintaining liveable cities in arid regions of even the wealthiest nations.
Ecology and Pollution of Urban Streams
Authors: Mallin Michael A.
Published: November 2023

The conversion of a forested stream to an urbanized stream usually begins with clearcutting most of the area forest, which leads to increased stream discharge, increased erosion of both newly exposed land and the stream channel, and increased stream turbidity. As building commences, pavement and other impervious surfaces are installed, further increasing stormwater runoff, causing the stream channel to experience widening, bank collapse, and channel incision. The stream water temperature will rise from lack of shade and urban heat island effect, and development of housing, businesses, and industries will increase the pollutant load of fecal bacteria, nutrients, metals, and organic pollutants. The stream biota will reflect these changes in the formation of algal blooms, loss of benthic habitat by sediment burial, and loss of fish habitat from increased water temperature and lack of woody debris presence. Further impacts to the stream may include introduction of alien aquarium species, metals, and toxic organic pollutants.
Organizational readiness and implementation fidelity of an early childhood education and care-specific physical activity policy intervention: findings from the Play Active trial
Authors: Wenden Elizabeth J , Budgeon Charley A , Pearce Natasha L , Christian Hayley E
Published: November 2023

Background

Many children do not accumulate sufficient physical activity for good health and development at early childhood education and care (ECEC). This study examined the association between ECEC organizational readiness and implementation fidelity of an ECEC-specific physical activity policy intervention.

Methods

Play Active aimed to improve the ECEC educator’s physical activity practices. We investigated the implementation of Play Active using a Type 1 hybrid study (January 2021–March 2022). Associations between organizational readiness factors and service-level implementation fidelity were examined using linear regressions. Fidelity data were collected from project records, educator surveys and website analytics.

Results

ECEC services with higher levels of organizational commitment and capacity at pre-implementation reported higher fidelity scores compared to services with lower organizational commitment and capacity (all Ps < 0.05). Similarly, services who perceived intervention acceptability and appropriateness at pre-implementation to be high had higher fidelity scores (P < 0.05). Perceived feasibility and organizational efficacy of Play Active were associated with higher but nonsignificant fidelity scores.

Conclusions

Results indicate that organizational readiness factors may influence the implementation of ECEC-specific physical activity policy interventions. Therefore, strategies to improve organizational readiness should be developed and tested. These findings warrant confirmation in the ECEC and other settings and with other health behavior interventions.
Cell-Based Therapy by Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells for Bone Augmentation of Plate-Stabilized Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Multicentric, Randomized, Open Phase IIa study
Authors: Seebach Caroline , Nau Christoph , Henrich Dirk , Verboket Rene , Bellen Marlene , Frischknecht Nadine , Moeck Vivien , Eichler Kathrin , Horlohé Kay Hajo Schmidt , Hoffmann Reinhard , Bonig Halvard , Seifried Erhard , Frank Johannes , Marzi Ingo
Published: November 2023

Proximal humerus fractures are common in an aging population. The standard operative treatment is open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using an angular stable plate. However, this procedure has complications such as a relatively high rate of secondary dislocation, humeral head necrosis or nonunion caused by delayed bony consolidation. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) combined with a β-TCP scaffold could support bone healing and is considered clinically safe.

This multicentric, randomized, open phase IIa clinical trial (Clinical Trials. Gov Identifier: NCT02803177, Eudra CT No: 2015-001820-51) evaluated whether autologous BMC with β-TCP in addition to ORIF reduces the incidence of secondary dislocations in patients with proximal humerus fracture. Ninty-four patients equally divided between verum group (BMC+β-TCP) and control group (ß-TCP only) were targeted and calculated. At the time of planned interim evaluation, ie, enrolment of 56 patients, no statistical difference in secondary dislocations or complications was demonstrated in either group after an observation period of 12 weeks. Radiographic bone healing and DASH score to determine shoulder function were comparable between both groups. Bone marrow harvest and BMC transplantation did not result in any severe adverse events. Therefore, the study was terminated after the interim analysis, as no other result could be expected. From the study results, it can be concluded that the application of autologous BMC is well tolerated, and bone healing can be achieved. Augmentation of bone defects with β-TCP could be shown to be feasible and might be considered in other clinical situations.
BrAIST-Calc
Authors: Dolan Lori A. , Weinstein Stuart L. , Dobbs Matthew B. , Flynn John M. (Jack) , Green Daniel W. , Halsey Matthew F. , Hresko M. Timothy , Krengel Walter F. , Mehlman Charles T. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Newton Peter O. , Price Nigel , Sanders James O. , Schmitz Michael L. , Schwend Richard M. , Shah Suken A. , Song Kit , Talwalkar Vishwas
Published: November 2023

Study Design.

Prospective multicenter study data used for model derivation; externally-validated using retrospective cohort data.

Objective.

Derive and validate a prognostic model of benefit from bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.

The Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST) demonstrated superiority of bracing over observation to prevent curve progression to surgical threshold; 42% of untreated subjects had a good outcome and 28% progressed to surgical threshold despite bracing, likely due to poor adherence. To avoid over-treatment and to promote patient goal setting and adherence, bracing decisions (who and how much) should be based on physician and patient discussions informed by individual-level data from high-quality predictive models.

Methods.

Logistic regression was used to predict curve progression to <45 degrees at skeletal maturity (good prognosis) in 269 BrAIST subjects who were observed or braced. Predictors included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Risser stage, Cobb angle, curve pattern and treatment characteristics (hours of brace wear and in-brace correction). Internal and external validity were evaluated using jackknifed samples of the BrAIST dataset and an independent cohort (n=299) via estimates of discrimination and calibration.

Results.

The final model included age, sex, BMI, Risser stage, Cobb angle and hours of brace wear/day. The model demonstrated strong discrimination (c-statistics 0.83 - 0.87) and calibration in all datasets. Classifying patients as low risk (high probability of a good prognosis) at the probability cut point of 70% resulted in a specificity of 92% and positive predictive value of 89%.

Conclusion.

This externally-validated model can be used by clinicians and families to make informed, individualized decisions about when, and how much, to brace to avoid progression to surgery. If widely adopted, this model could decrease over-bracing of AIS, improve adherence and most importantly, decrease the likelihood of spinal fusion in this population.
Volar Intra-articular Extended Window Approach for Intra-articular Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Kamal Robin N. , Bronenberg Pedro , Shapiro Lauren M.
Published: November 2023

Distal radius fractures are one of the most common injuries seen globally with increasing use of use of volar plating for surgical treatment. Although it is common to directly visualize the articular surface for most other periarticular fractures, during volar plating of the distal radius the joint is typically not visualized. This is due to concern for carpal instability from disruption of the volar carpal ligaments. When direct visualization of the articular surface is deemed necessary, either to reduce articular fragments or to confirm the quality of reduction, current options include a separate dorsal arthrotomy or arthroscopic assistance. However, biomechanical evidence supports safely performing a volar capsulotomy to visualize the articular surface. We describe the Volar Intra-Articular Extended Window approach, which allows direct visualization of the articular surface through the volar approach to treat distal radius fractures.
Prediction of Pathologic Complete Response for Rectal Cancer Based on Pre-treatment Factors Using Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Kevin A. , Goffredo Paolo , Butler Logan R. , Joisa Chinmaya U. , Guillem Jose G. , Gomez Shawn M. , Kapadia Muneera R.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy is an important prognostic indicator for locally advanced rectal cancer and may give insights into which patients might be treated nonoperatively in the future. Existing models for predicting pathologic complete response in the pre-treatment setting are limited by small datasets and low accuracy.

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to use machine learning to develop a more generalizable predictive model for pathologic complete response for locally advanced rectal cancer.

DESIGN:

Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection were identified in the National Cancer Database from years 2010-2019 and were split into training, validation, and test sets. Machine learning techniques included random forest, gradient boosting, and artificial neural network. A logistic regression model was also created. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

SETTINGS:

This study used a national, multicenter dataset.

PATIENTS:

Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and proctectomy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Pathologic complete response defined as T0/xN0/x.

RESULTS:

The dataset included 53,684 patients. 22.9% of patients experienced pathologic complete response. Gradient boosting showed the best performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.777 (95% CI, 0.773 - 0.781), compared with 0.684 (95% CI, 0.68 - 0.688) for logistic regression. The strongest predictors of pathologic complete response were no lymphovascular invasion, no perineural invasion, lower CEA, smaller size of tumor, and microsatellite stability. A concise model including the top 5 variables showed preserved performance.

LIMITATIONS:

The models were not externally validated.

CONCLUSIONS:

Machine learning techniques can be used to accurately predict pathologic complete response for locally advanced rectal cancer in the pretreatment setting. After fine-tuning on a dataset including patients treated nonoperatively, these models could help clinicians identify the appropriate candidates for a watch and wait strategy
Loop Ileostomy Closure as a 23-Hour Stay Procedure With Preoperative Efferent Limb Enteral Stimulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Charbonneau Janyssa , Morin Genevieve , Paré Xavier , Frigault Jonathan , Drolet Sebastien , Bouchard Alexandre , Rouleau-Fournier François , Bouchard Philippe , Thibault Claude , Letarte François
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Loop ileostomy closure is a common procedure in colorectal surgery. Often seen as a simple operation associated with low complication rates, it still leads to lengthy hospitalizations. Reducing postoperative complications and ileus rates could lead to a shorter length of stay and even ambulatory surgery.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of ileostomy closure performed in a 23-hour hospitalization setting using a standardized enhanced recovery pathway.

DESIGN:

Randomized controlled trial.

SETTINGS:

Two high-volume colorectal surgery centers.

PATIENTS:

Healthy adults undergoing elective ileostomy closure, from July 2019 to January 2022.

INTERVENTION:

All patients were enrolled in a standardized enhanced recovery pathway specific to ileostomy closure including daily irrigation of efferent limb with a nutritional formula for 7 days prior to surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to either conventional hospitalization (n = 23) or a 23-hour stay (n = 24).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Primary outcome was total length of stay and secondary outcomes were 30-day rates of readmission, postoperative ileus, surgical site infections, postoperative morbidity and mortality.

RESULTS:

A total of 47 patients were ultimately randomized. Patients in the 23-hour hospitalization arm had a shorter median length of stay (1 day vs. 2 days, p = 0.02) and similar rates of readmission (4% vs. 13%, p = 0.35), postoperative ileus (none in both arms), surgical site infection (0 vs. 4%, p = 0.49), postoperative morbidity (21% vs. 22%, p = 1.00) and mortality (none in both arms).

LIMITATIONS:

Due to COVID-19, access to surgical beds was greatly limited, leading to a shift toward ambulatory surgery for ileostomy closure. The study was terminated early, which affected its statistical power.

CONCLUSION:

Loop ileostomy closures as 23-hour stay procedures are feasible and safe. Ileus rate might be reduced by preoperative intestinal stimulation with nutritional formula through stoma’s efferent limb, although specific RCTs are needed to confirm this association
A Comparison Between Hyaluronic Acid Filler and Dermofat Grafts With or Without Tie-Over Dressing for Lip Augmentation
Authors: Ince Bilsev , Zuhour Moath , Kadiyoran Cengiz , Avunduk Mustafa Cihat , Dadaci Mehmet
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

There are many different autologous grafts used for lip augmentation, such as fat, fascia, or dermofat grafts (DFG). However, filling with synthetic materials such as hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers is the most preferred method.

OBJECTIVE

The authors aimed to compare DFG with HA fillers regarding cost, permanence, complication rate, gained volume, and satisfaction rate. The authors investigated the effect of tie-over dressings on the viability of DFG.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients who received hyaluronic acid fillers were referred to as Group H. Patients who received grafts without tie-over and with tie-over dressings formed Groups D1 and D2, respectively. The lip index (LI) was used for volume comparisons. The viable area of the grafts was measured using ultrasound imaging.

RESULTS

At postoperative month 6, the only significant difference was found between Group D1 and Group D2 (p < .05). At the postoperative first year, Groups D1 and D2 had a statistically higher LI value compared with Group H. Group D2 had a higher viable area than Group D2 (p < .05). Group H and Group D2 showed higher satisfaction scores than Group D1 (p < .05).

CONCLUSION

Dermofat grafts with or without tie-over dressings can be considered a reliable and inexpensive choice for patients who seek a more permanent procedure. Tie-over dressings increase the predictability of DFG and reduce the need for overcorrection.
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist (EPGN2154) causes regression of NASH in preclinical NASH models
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jashdeep , Beaton Graham , Ravula Satheesh B. , Lee Suk Joong , Bacon Kevin B. , Jenkinson Celia P. , Warren Mikako , Tucci Fabio C. , Kohli Rohit
Published: November 2023

Background:

NASH causes a tremendous health care burden in the United States. A glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, semaglutide (Sema), treatment resulted in hepatic steatosis reduction in clinical trials of NASH. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonists are known to have antifibrotic effects in several organs. We tested Sema and a novel lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist, EPGN2154, individually and in combination to evaluate their efficacy for NASH remission in preclinical models.

Methods:

In the present study, we used (1) C57Bl6/J wild-type mice fed on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 16 weeks and (2) leptin-deficient mice (ob/ob) fed on an Amylin liver NASH diet for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, the mice were randomly distributed in equal numbers in (1) no-drug, (2) EPGN2154, (3) Sema, and (4) EPGN2154+Sema treatment groups for 8 additional weeks at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight for EPGN2154 (oral gavage, 5 days a week) and 6.17 μg/kg body weight of Sema (subcutaneous injection every alternate day, 3 days a week).

Results:

In the wild-type-high-fat, high-carbohydrate model, we observed the most body weight loss in the EPGN2154+Sema combination group compared to the other treatment groups. All groups led to a significant reduction in alanine transaminase levels when compared to high-fat, high-carbohydrate–fed wild type. However, no significant difference in alanine transaminase levels was observed among the treatment groups. In the ob/ob mice study, Sema did not cause body weight loss. Moreover, the EPGN2154 and the combination groups had a lower NAFLD Activity Score and incidence of advanced-stage hepatic fibrosis than the Sema group.

Conclusions:

EPGN2154 demonstrated a hepato-protective effect independent of body weight loss in preclinical NASH models.
Evaluation of 10 Different Pipelines for Bacterial Single-Nucleotide Variant Detection
Authors: Hu Zi-Hao , Wang Ying , Yang Long , Cao Qing-Yi , Ling Ming , Meng Xiao-Hua , Chen Yao , Ni Shu-Jun , Chen Zhi , Liu Cheng-Zhi , Su Kun-Kai
Published: November 2023

Bacterial genome sequencing is a powerful technique for studying the genetic diversity and evolution of microbial populations. However, the detection of genomic variants from sequencing data is challenging due to the presence of contamination, sequencing errors and multiple strains within the same species. Several bioinformatics tools have been developed to address these issues, but their performance and accuracy have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we compared 10 variant detection pipelines using 18 simulated and 17 real datasets of high-throughput sequences from a bundle of representative bacteria. We assessed the sensitivity of each pipeline under different conditions of coverage, simulation and strain diversity. We also demonstrated the application of these tools to identify consistent mutations in a 30-time repeated sequencing dataset of Staphylococcus hominis. We found that HaplotypeCaller, but not Mutect2, from the GATK tool set showed the best performance in terms of accuracy and robustness. CFSAN and Snippy performed not as well in several simulated and real sequencing datasets. Our results provided a comprehensive benchmark and guidance for choosing the optimal variant detection pipeline for high-throughput bacterial genome sequencing data.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated With Increased Failure Rate of Ptosis Repair
Authors: Nirmalan Aravindh , Tran Meagan T. , Tailor Prashant , Hodge David , Bradley Elizabeth A. , Wagner Lilly H. , Bartley George B. , Tooley Andrea A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

This study investigates how Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects the outcomes of ptosis repair. We hypothesized that patients with OSA have an increased rate of reoperation after ptosis repair.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included patients age >18 from the Mayo Clinic who underwent ptosis repair by levator advancement or Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection between 2018 and 2021. Outcomes were measured at 1 to 3 months of follow-up with surgical failure defined as asymmetry or unsatisfactory eyelid height requiring revision surgery within 1 year.

Results:

A total of 577 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant difference in surgical failure between patients with OSA and those without (20.5% vs. 13.1%, p = 0.02). Patients with OSA showed a statistically significant difference in risk of revision by a factor of 1.70 (95% CI: 1.06–2.07). Revisions were attributed to unsatisfactory eyelid height in 72.6% of patients and eyelid asymmetry in 21.1%. All patients who had revision surgery had satisfactory outcomes. On logistic regression analysis, when adjusting for age and sex, OSA was significantly associated with ptosis revision (p = 0.007).

Conclusions:

OSA increases risk of surgical failure and need for revision surgery in patients undergoing blepharoptosis repair but is not a sole risk factor.
Traumatic Orbital Roof Fracture With Superior Rectus Entrapment in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Yalamanchili Siri P. , Ibrahim Zena A. , Wladis Edward J.
Published: November 2023

Pediatric patients often present with orbital fractures after facial trauma, most commonly fractures of the orbital floor. Evaluation of orbital fractures for entrapment of the extraocular muscles is crucial, as urgent surgical exploration and possible repair are needed in these cases. We report a 2-year-old male who presented after a fall with multiple left orbital wall fractures, including a roof fracture. On examination, the patient’s OS appeared fixed in an upward gaze. Positive forced ductions revealed clinical concern for entrapment of the superior rectus. The patient was taken to the operating room for exploration, and the entrapped superior rectus muscle was freed from the fracture. The patient subsequently recovered fully with complete extraocular movements. This represents the first reported case of superior rectus entrapment in an orbital roof fracture.
Attaining the optimal flange technique for transscleral capsular bag stabilization using iris hooks
Authors: Schlatter Andreas , Kronschläger Martin , Ruiss Manuel , Bayer Natascha , Blouin Stéphane , Findl Oliver
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the flange properties of different iris hooks.

Setting:

Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Design:

Laboratory study.

Methods:

The flanging properties of 4 different iris hooks made from polypropylene (PP), elastic polymer (EP), and nylon were investigated with different heating distances and both with and without forceps gripping. The maximum diameter of the flanges was measured, and the shape of the flanges was evaluated.

Results:

Although both nylon and EP iris hooks had too small flange diameters for intrascleral fixation, PP iris hooks had a sufficient flange diameter (>330 μm) and mushroom-like shape. Furthermore, in PP hooks, heating distance was directly proportional to flange diameter.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study suggest that only PP iris hooks are suitable for flanged intrascleral fixation, which is off-label, to secure adequate fixation.
Adverse Social Determinants of Health and Gaps in Care Coordination Among Children
Authors: Rajan Mangala , Pinheiro Laura C. , Abramson Erika L. , Kern Lisa M.
Published: November 2023

Gaps in care coordination (CC) can have detrimental impacts on children's health. It is unclear how much adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) may affect CC gaps. We determined whether exposure to adverse SDoH is associated with experiencing more gaps in CC using a representative national sample of children. Children with inadequate or no health insurance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-2.66) and living in disadvantaged neighborhoods (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.33-1.75) have a higher likelihood of having gaps in CC, as do those with higher counts of adverse SDoH (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.85-2.53). Thus, interventions to improve CC for children should consider adverse SDoH.
Global facial rejuvenation with one treatment of incobotulinumtoxinA, hyaluronic acid, and calcium hydroxyapatite results in long-term patient-reported satisfaction
Authors: Lu Jasmine Thai , Lee Kachiu C.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Global facial rejuvenation using injectables (neuromodulators and fillers) has reported patient satisfaction after 2 treatments: an initial and touch-up treatment at 2–4 weeks afterward. In practice, patients typically receive only 1 treatment and do not return for a touch-up treatment within a month.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to assess patient-reported satisfaction after only 1 treatment, thus mimicking real-world scenarios.

Methods:

Patients with facial photoaging (Glogau facial aging scale ≥2) were treated with calcium hydroxyapatite, hyaluronic acid 22.5 mg/mL, and incobotulinumtoxinA injections for full facial rejuvenation, with no touch-up treatments. Patients completed the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Facial Appearance survey at baseline and 1- and 3-month post-treatment. The treating physician completed the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale at 1- and 3-month post-treatment.

Results:

Twenty-two patients were enrolled in the study, with 1 patient lost to follow-up. There was a significant improvement in mean FACE-Q scores at 1-month (80.1, P = .01) and 3-month (77.9, P = .02) compared to baseline (71.4). Mean Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores at 1-month (2.1) and 3-month (2.2) were not statistically significant, indicating sustained improvement at 3 months. The product amount used per patient varied and was not correlated with either score. Limitations included a lack of a control group and follow-up ending at 3 months. Strengths included assessment of patient satisfaction after only 1 treatment, compared to other studies allowing 2 treatments.

Limitations:

Limitations include a small sample size and lack of a control group.

Conclusion:

Global full facial rejuvenation using 1 treatment of calcium hydroxyapatite, hyaluronic acid 22.5 mg/mL, and incobotulinumtoxinA provides sustained patient-reported satisfaction at 3 months.
Multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome
Authors: Chait Alan
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review

The aim of this review was to understand the role of multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MFCS) as a cause of severe hypertriglyceridemia; to distinguish it from other causes of severe hypertriglyceridemia; and to provide a rational approach to treatment.

Recent findings

There have been advances in understanding the genetic underpinning of MFCS, and a better appreciation as to how to differentiate it from the much rarer familial chylomicronemia syndrome, in which there are substantial differences in the approach to their treatment. New approaches to triglyceride lowering will help reduce the risk of pancreatitis, the major complication of MFCS.

MCSF is a condition in which plasma triglyceride levels are severely elevated, usually to due exacerbation of common genetic forms of hypertriglyceridemia by secondary causes of hypertriglyceridemia and/or triglyceride-raising drugs. Triglyceride-induced pancreatitis can be prevented by markedly reducing triglyceride levels by treating secondary causes and/or eliminating of triglyceride-raising drugs, and by using triglyceride-lowering drugs, especially fibrates. MFCS also increases cardiovascular disease risk, for which lifestyle measures and drugs are required.
Knowledge and practice regarding cancer screening in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adhikari Ayush , Kashyap Basant , Acharya Subi , Sharma Supriya , Gurung Shekhar , Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Budhathoki Pravash
Published: November 2023

Background:

Cancer screening utilization can aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, the current scenario of the knowledge and practice regarding cancer screening remains unclear as the authors do not have sufficient studies. Hence, the authors conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the situation of cancer screening utilization and knowledge.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all studies on knowledge and practice regarding cancer screening in the Nepalese population. Data extraction and analysis were done with SPSS and CMA-3.

Results:

The authors identified a total of 5238 studies after database searching, and 19 studies were included in a narrative synthesis. Lack of awareness and knowledge was the major barrier in cervical, breast, and testicular cancer screening. In cervical cancer screening, the most common reason for screening was the advice of health personnel in 85% of respondents, and the barrier was lack of awareness in 49.33% of participants.

Conclusion:

The knowledge and practice of cancer screening is lacking in Nepal, as shown by our review. More educational and awareness programs, easy access to screening services, and elimination of sociocultural barriers are necessary to increase the utilization of screening services.
Systematic Review on Characteristics and Effects of Leadership Development Interventions for Nursing Students
Authors: Akdeniz Canberk , Duygulu Sergül
Published: November 2023

Background:

Effective nursing leadership improves health care quality, patient well-being, and nursing staff outcomes. Newly graduated nurses face challenges in transitioning into leadership roles. Thus, examining the leadership development interventions for nursing students is critical.

Purpose:

This systematic review examined the characteristics and effectiveness of leadership development interventions designed for and implemented with undergraduate nursing students.

Methods:

A comprehensive search covered Scopus, CINAHL Ultimate, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, WOS Core Collection, Journals@Ovid, JSTOR Journals, and ERIC databases. Included studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results:

The final review comprised 19 studies showcasing positive impacts on leadership development. The interventions varied in leadership approach, design and content, structure, qualifications, student involvement, and outcomes.

Conclusions:

Leadership development interventions are effective in enhancing nursing students' leadership. Nevertheless, future interventions should prioritize well-structured content, and studies must incorporate robust methodologies.
Reliability and Quality of the Nursing Care Planning Texts Generated by ChatGPT
Authors: Dağci Mahmut , Çam Funda , Dost Ayşe
Published: November 2023

Background:

The research on ChatGPT-generated nursing care planning texts is critical for enhancing nursing education through innovative and accessible learning methods, improving reliability and quality.

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to examine the quality, authenticity, and reliability of the nursing care planning texts produced using ChatGPT.

Methods:

The study sample comprised 40 texts generated by ChatGPT selected nursing diagnoses that were included in NANDA 2021-2023. The texts were evaluated by using descriptive criteria form and DISCERN tool to evaluate health information.

Results:

DISCERN total average score of the texts was 45.93 ± 4.72. All texts had a moderate level of reliability and 97.5% of them provided moderate quality subscale score of information. A statistically significant relationship was found among the number of accessible references, reliability (r= 0.408) and quality subscale score (r= 0.379) of the texts (P< .05).

Conclusion:

ChatGPT-generated texts exhibited moderate reliability, quality of nursing care information, and overall quality despite low similarity rates.
Differences in Test Anxiety Scores Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students and Nonnursing Students
Authors: Walker Cristen
Published: November 2023

Background:

Test-taking is a prominent cause of anxiety for nursing students. Test anxiety may interfere with academic performance, program completion, and successful transition to practice. Prior research suggests that nursing students are more test-anxious than other students, yet this concept is not well studied.

Purpose:

This study examined differences between test anxiety in nursing and nonnursing students while comparing current trends related to academic level and gender.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed the Test Anxiety Inventory as a measure of perceived test anxiety.

Results:

Minimal differences in scores based on major and academic level were found. Differences based on gender were noted with females reporting higher levels of test anxiety.

Conclusions:

Findings may help nurse educators better understand test anxiety and guide the implementation of supportive strategies to improve learning outcomes.
Screen-Based Patient Simulation
Authors: Altmiller Gerry , Jimenez Francisco A. , Wilson Cheryl
Published: November 2023

Background:

Nursing education is moving toward competency-based education and assessment. Nurse educators will need to adopt strategies to develop and measure competence.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine if screen-based virtual patient simulation is an effective strategy to assist learners in developing competencies and subcompetencies required in nursing practice.

Methods:

Thirteen questions (6 assessment and clinical reasoning focused, 4 clinical judgment focused, 3 attitude and socialization to nursing focused), aligned with the competencies of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials, were developed for a pre-/posttest design to evaluate student competency development.

Results:

Senior nursing students (n = 52) participated; 1-tailed paired t test identified 12 of 13 items as statistically significant. Posttest scores were greater than pretest scores.

Conclusions:

The change in mean scores from pre- to posttest suggests screen-based virtual patient simulation scenarios improve learners' competence in addressing the patient's physical and psychological comfort and decreased caregiver biases.
A review on intelligent aid diagnosis for dysphagia using swallowing sounds
Authors: Li Dan , Wu Junhui , Jin Xiaoyan , Li Yanyun , Tong Beibei , Zeng Wen , Liu Peiyuan , Wang Weixuan , Shang Shaomei
Published: November 2023

Dysphagia, a widespread clinical condition in the elderly, can lead to malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and even death. Swallowing sounds emanate from vibrations that occur during the contraction of muscles in the mouth, pharynx, and laryngeal; the opening or closure of the glottis and esophageal sphincter; or the movement of food particles through the throat during swallowing. The development of wearable sensors, data science, and machine learning has spurred growing attention to the clinical method of monitoring swallowing sounds for accurate dysphagia diagnosis. This review delves into the acoustic theory foundation and the application of swallowing sound signal analysis methods, elucidating their potential clinical value for dysphagia diagnosis and treatment.