bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAFSIR NUSANTARA: Studi kritis terhadap Marah Labid Nawawi al-Bantani
Authors: Bahary Ansor
Published: December 2015

The interpretation is an effort to understand, to explain the intent, knowing the content of the verses of the Koran. As a result of man's work is different from the Koran, there, the interpretation occurs experiencing developments of classical, medieval to the modern period and even contemporary. Diversity both in the method (manhaj / tariqah), style (nau '), as well as approaches (Alvan) used is unavoidable in a work of interpretation. Although there are also commentaries appear in modern times but its interpretation still follows the pattern of classical and medieval period as confirmed Nawawi al-Bantani in Muqaddimah (Iqtida lil 'bi al-Salaf al-fi Tadwin' ilm) commentary. Therefore, it is no exaggeration when Tafsir Al-Munir or Angry Labid regarded as a bridge between the traditional interpretation to modern times.
PERKEMBANGAN KAJIAN HADIS KESARJANAAN BARAT
Authors: Zuhri Muh.
Published: December 2015

The aim of the article is to trace the development of the Western scholar’s studies on hadith as the second of Islamic sources. It started from the eighteenth century, and was an implication of their study on Islamic history, legal and theology. The most central problem associated with Prophetic hadith has undoubtedly been their authenticity. This issue occupied Muslim specialists since the early classical period. The first generation of Western scholars inclined to doubt the hadith authenticity, and then, followed by the next generation to convince that hadiths are forged. One of the ultimate theories to prove the hadith authenticity is “Common Link” theory, that hadith is originated from the common link figure, not the prior, moreover the Prophet. There are two or three generations from the figure to the Prophet. However, there is a scholar’s tent to refuse the previous research result on hadith, approving Muslim scholars opinion that most hadiths have been real event of what the Prophet did and said. They demonstrate some evidence by having some research results as the previous generation did.
KONTRASTIVNA ANALIZA BIBLIJSKIH FRAZEOLOGIZAMA U ENGLESKOM, NEMAČKOM I SRPSKOM JEZIKU
Authors: Anđelić Ikonija
Published: December 2015

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je uporedna analiza biblijskih frazeologizama na engleskom, nemačkom i srpskom jeziku. Metodom kontrastivne analize i postupkom doslovnog prevođenja odrediće se stepen ekvivalentnosti između frazeologizama na engleskom, nemačkom i srpskom jeziku na morfosintaksičkom, leksičkom, semantičkom i pragmatičkom nivou, pri čemu je engleski polazni, a nemački i srpski ciljni jezici. Takođe, utvrđivaće se i podudarnost frazeologizama između nemačkog i srpskog jezika. Rezultati analize trebalo bi da pokažu viši stepen podudarnosti između dva germanska jezika kao i veću podudarnost između srpskog i nemačkog u odnosu na srpski i engleski s obzirom na direktan uticaj prevoda Biblije na nemačkom jeziku na Vukov Novi zavjet.
"BESNILO" – INTERTEKSTUALNI LAVIRINT
Authors: Milanov Albina M.
Published: December 2015

Uspostavljajući intertekstualne relacije dobijamo znatno bogatiji spektar tumačenja svih tekstova koje dovodimo u vezu. Na taj način ih dvosmerno dočitavamo, jer prateći piščev asocijativni kod upotpunjavamo značenja Besnila smislom i značenjem teksta sa kojim ga dovodimo u vezu, ali istovremeno bogatimo i značenje tog i svih tekstova koji su na bilo koji način implicirani u romanu. U tom smislu poetika postmodernističkog semiotičkog romana podrazumeva otvoren tekst podložan asocijativnom osmišljavanju i dopunjavanju, sa velikim brojem mogućih rešenja i značenja, zavisnog isključivo od književne kulture čitaoca koji stupa u dijalog sa tekstom (a time i njegovim piscem), kao i sa svim pročitanim tekstovima koji predstavljaju njegovu ličnu duhovnu svojinu.
ВЛАДИМИР АНДРИЋ. "ПУСТОЛОВ"
Authors: Вучковић Анкица М.
Published: December 2015

Пустолов је високосинкретично дело настало (почетком 21. века) сложеном техником ремедијације сценарија за ТВ-серију у прозну форму (роман). Рад се бави анализом микро- и макростилистичких поступака које је Владимир Андрић применио у овом делу – хибридизујући говор који карактерише велики број стилема (што је до тада био принцип кориштен само у поезији) и дугу форму какав је роман (доминантан жанр деведесетих година), Андрић је створио потпуно атипичан роман који се најпрецизније може описати као „авантура у језику“. Такође, У Пустолову је остваран богат цитатни дијалог са врхунским остварењима, жанровски најразличитијим, домаће и светске литературе, а аутор је успео да успостави и најдиректнију контигенцију са делима из седамдесетих година, такозваним, „златним периодом“ наше књижевности за децу.
ВРАГОЛАНОВE „ШЕТЊE ПО СВЕТУˮ
Authors: Иконић Ивана Т.
Published: December 2015

У раду је анализирана појава пародираног путописа на примерима из часописа Враголан (Кикинда 1894). Размотрен је садржај сталне рубрике „Шетња по свету” аутора који се потписивао псеудонимом Кикимбики.
FUNKCIJSKE PROJEKCIJE U SRPSKOM NOMINALNOM KOMPLEKSU
Authors: Kovačević Predrag S. , Pupezin Milan M.
Published: December 2015

Svrha ovog rada je da pokaže da projekcija DP u srpskom jeziku ne postoji i da pridevski vid ne sudeluje u distinkciji određenost/neodređenost kod imenica. Prvo ispitujemo primenljivost ponuđenih modela DP-a u srpskom jeziku zasnovanih na postojanju i pozicioniranju prisvojnih i pokaznih zamenica kao i „dugog“ naspram „kratkom“ obliku prideva. Budući da se elementi kao što su demonstrativi i posesivi ponašaju kao pridevi (kongruišu sa imenicom, ne zauzimaju mesto morfosintaktičkog lokusa niti inhibiraju ekstrakcije levih grana (Zlatić 1998; Trenkić 2004; Bošković 2005) zaključujemo da projekcija DP, kao takva, ne postoji u srpskom jeziku. Umesto toga, za jedinstvenu funkcijsku projekciju imenske sintagme u srpskom uzimamo padežnu frazu (KP) odnosno frazu slaganja (AgrP), koja, između ostalog, zahteva kongruenciju svih adjunkta unutar imenske fraze. Dalje, ispitujemo distinkciju određenosti/neodređenosti kao svojstva striktno pridevske fraze. Iz komplementarne distribucije intenzifikatora i kratkog, „neodređenog“ oblika prideva zaključujemo da intenzifikatori i dugi oblik prideva imaju određeno zajedničko svojstvo. Ovo svojstvo, uz nemogućnost pozicioniranja intenzifikatora uz komplementar pridev, nalazimo u semantici prideva kao stepen zastupljenosti određene osobine označene skalarnim pridevima. Samim tim, dugi oblik prideva interpretiramo kao način iskazivanja implicitnog poređenja u odnosu na podrazumevanu zastupljenost neke osobine. Na posletku predlažemo frazu stepena (DgrP) kao funkcijsku projekciju prideva.
COMPOUND NOUNS IN OLD AND MIDDLE ENGLISH
Authors: Gavranović Valentina M.
Published: December 2015

Ovaj rad bavi se dijahronim istraživanjem složenih imenica u staroengleskim i srednjoengleskim tekstovima Helsinškog korpusa. Prikupljeni materijal je analiziran, a potom su složene imenice klasifikovane prema vrsti reči kojoj pripadaju njihovi elementi. Obrasci složenih imenica oba perioda potom se porede, i razvojni tokovi opisuju na nekoliko nivoa: obrasci koji su prestali da se koriste za građenje novih složenica; obrasci koji su i dalje bili produktivni u srednjoengleskom periodu, i potpuno novi obrasci za građenje složenica u srednjoengleskom periodu.
FRAZEOLOGIZMI SA LEKSEMOM JEZIK I CILJNIM DOMENOM JEZIČKE RADNJE U SRPSKOM I U ENGLESKOM JEZIKU
Authors: Dragić Mila R.
Published: December 2015

U ovom radu se ispituju frazeologizmi na srpskom i na engleskom jeziku koji u svom sastavu sadrže leksemu jezik, odnosno tongue, a kojima je ciljni domen jezička radnja. Kao metoda analize korišćena je konceptualna analiza. Frazeologizmi su dodatno razvrstani prema konceptima koji omogućavaju njihovo razumevanje. Upoređujući izraze i uzimajući u obzir načine formiranja njihovog značenja, njihovu strukturu, vrednosne sudove i metaforičke slike koje su u njima date, možemo zaključiti da postoji veliki stepen podudarnosti između dva jezika, što je verovatno posledica univerzalnosti određenih pojava vezanih za osnovu ljudskog funkcionisanja u svetu kao i ljudskog kognitivnog aparata.
Contrastive Comparison of Anthroponyms from E.T.A. Hoffmann’s The Nuntcracker and the Mouse King in German, Serbian and Croatian
Authors: Simurdić Iva M.
Published: December 2015

Das Übersetzen von Anthroponymen in der Kinderliteratur stellt eine komplexe Problematik dar: Wie sollten Übersetzer vorgehen, um die Bedeutungen und Funktion der Namen möglichst getreu aus einer Sprache in die andere zu übertragen, und diese gleichzeitig den jungen Lesern zugänglich machen? Es bestehen verschiedene Klassifikationen der Übersetzungsstrategien, um Äquivalente für Anthroponyme in der Zielsprache zu finden.  Theo Hermans nannte vier Möglichkeiten: Reproduktion, Adaptation, Austausch und Übersetzung, wobei er auch die Auslassung von Namen in manchen Fällen als akzeptabel einschätzt. In dieser Arbeit werden die serbischen und kroatischen Übersetzungen von Anthroponymen aus E.T.A. Hoffmans „Nussknacker und Mausekönig“, einem der wichtigsten Werke der deutschen Kinderliteratur, mit ihren Äquivalenten aus dem Original kontrastiv verglichen, um festzustellen, bei welchen Anthroponymen welche der genannten Vorgehensweisen angewendet wurden. Außerdem soll ermittelt werden, ob sich die Übersetzer bei den gleichen Namen für die gleiche Vorgehensweise entschieden, oder ob sie doch verschiedene Lösungen fanden, und wie sich diese dann voneinander unterscheiden.
Geomechanical-Evaluation Enabled Successful Stimulation of a High-Pressure/High-Temperature Tight Gas Reservoir in Western China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Qiu Kaibin , Fuller John , Yin Guoqing , Yuan Fang , Chen Sheng
Published: December 2015

The Keshen reservoir in China is a deep, tight-gas-sandstone reservoir under high tectonic stress with reservoir pressure at more than 16,000 psi (110 MPa) and temperatures up to 165°C. Development wells for this field are in excess of 6500 m in true vertical depth (TVD). Stimulation is required to provide sufficiently high production rates that compensate for the high cost of drilling and completing wells. Hydraulic-fracture design and execution must be optimal to ensure economic production.

To effectively stimulate a more-than-200-m-thick sandstone reservoir with consistently high performance, it is necessary to understand the mechanical behavior of the reservoir, especially mechanical properties and in-situ stresses because the two control the creation and propagation of each hydraulic fracture. The mechanical behavior is complicated by high tectonic stresses, significant compaction, and high overpressure.

To gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanical properties and in-situ stresses of the Keshen reservoir, an integrated geomechanical evaluation was conducted. The evaluation used the core from two wells, KS205 and KS207, and log data obtained from 15 wells including the wells with core evaluation in the field. A laboratory-testing program to investigate the mechanical behavior of the reservoir sandstone under realistic in-situ stresses, pore pressures, and temperature was performed. The description of mechanical behavior obtained from the laboratory testing was used to calibrate and augment mechanical Earth models (MEMs) constructed from well-log data. The reliability of the completed MEMs was validated through comparison between wellbore-stability predictions with observation of borehole failure from the borehole-microresistivity image.

The geomechanics information was delivered to the stimulation-engineering team. Hydraulic-fracture design and execution was conducted on the basis of this information. The outcome of hydraulic fracturing was very encouraging.

This study demonstrated that successful stimulation of a tight reservoir in high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) relies on integrated geomechanical analysis.
Treatment of hazardous landfill leachate using Fenton process followed by a combined (UASB/DHS) system
Authors: Ismail Sherif , Tawfik Ahmed
Published: December 2015

Fenton process for pre-treatment of hazardous landfill leachate (HLL) was investigated. Total, particulate and soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODt, CODp and CODs) removal efficiency amounted to 67%, 47% and 64%, respectively, at pH value of 3.5, molar ratio (H2O2/Fe2+) of 5, H2O2 dosage of 25 ml/L and contact time of 15 min. Various treatment scenarios were attempted and focused on studying the effect of pre-catalytic oxidation process on the performance of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), UASB/down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) and DHS system. The results obtained indicated that pre-catalytic oxidation process improved the CODt removal efficiency in the UASB reactor by a value of 51.4%. Overall removal efficiencies of CODt, CODs and CODp were 80 ± 6%, 80 ± 7% and 78 ± 16% for UASB/DHS treating pre-catalytic oxidation effluent, respectively. The removal efficiencies of CODt, CODs and CODp were, respectively, decreased to 54 ± 2%, 49 ± 2% and 71 ± 16% for UASB/DHS system without pre-treatment. However, the results for the combined process (UASB/DHS) system is almost similar to those obtained for UASB reactor treating pre-catalytic oxidation effluent. The DHS system achieved average removal efficiencies of 52 ± 4% for CODt, 51 ± 4% for CODs and 52 ± 15% for CODp. A higher COD fractions removal was obtained when HLL was pre-treated by Fenton reagent. The combined processes provided a removal efficiency of 85 ± 1% for CODt, 85 ± 1% for CODs and 83 ± 8% for CODp. The DHS system is not only effective for organics degradation but also for ammonia oxidation. Almost complete ammonia (NH4-N) removal (92 ± 3.6%) was occurred and the nitrate production amounted to 37 ± 6 mg/L in the treated effluent. This study strongly recommends applying Fenton process followed by DHS system for treatment of HLL.
Effects of palatal crib and bonded spurs in early treatment of anterior open bite: A prospective randomized clinical study
Authors: Leite Juliana S. , Matiussi Luciano B. , Salem Anne C. , Provenzano Maria G. A. , Ramos Adilson L.
Published: December 2015

Objective: 

To evaluate the overbite correction of fixed palatal crib (FPC) and bonded lingual spur (BLS) in the early treatment of anterior open bite (AOB) in mixed dentition (primary outcome) as well as its influence on dental and skeletal cephalometric measurements (secondary outcome).

Materials and Methods: 

The selected patients had AOB and a mean age of 8.23 years. They were divided into the following three groups by casting lots: control (n  =  13), palatal crib (n  =  13), and spur (n  =  13). Data from the lateral teleradiography was obtained at the beginning, at 6 months, and after 1 year. The cephalometric analysis was performed by Cef-X program, recording the values of SNA, SNB, ANB, SnG oGn, 1.PP, IMPA, nasolabial angle, overbite, and overjet. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were obtained via one-way analysis of variance.

Results: 

The degree of AOB was similar at baseline (P > .05). At 6 months and then after 1 year all groups showed improvement in the overbite. However, only the crib and spur groups showed positive overbite. No cephalometric measurements changed significantly over the period analyzed.

Conclusions: 

We conclude that the FPC and BLS are simple and effective for the treatment of anterior open bite, with the advantage given to the FPC.
A Role of the Inflammasome in the Low Storage Capacity of the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Kursawe Romy , Dixit Vishwa D. , Scherer Philipp E. , Santoro Nicola , Narayan Deepak , Gordillo Ruth , Giannini Cosimo , Lopez Ximena , Pierpont Bridget , Nouws Jessica , Shulman Gerald I. , Caprio Sonia
Published: December 2015

The innate immune cell sensor leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome controls the activation of caspase-1, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that adipose tissue inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome are linked to the downregulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) adipogenesis/lipogenesis in obese adolescents with altered abdominal fat partitioning. We performed abdominal SAT biopsies on 58 obese adolescents and grouped them by MRI-derived visceral fat to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plus SAT (VAT/VAT+SAT) ratio (cutoff 0.11). Adolescents with a high VAT/VAT+SAT ratio showed higher SAT macrophage infiltration and higher expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome–related genes (i.e., TLR4, NLRP3, IL1B, and CASP1). The increase in inflammation markers was paralleled by a decrease in genes related to insulin sensitivity (ADIPOQ, GLUT4, PPARG2, and SIRT1) and lipogenesis (SREBP1c, ACC, LPL, and FASN). Furthermore, SAT ceramide concentrations correlated with the expression of CASP1 and IL1B. Infiltration of macrophages and upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome together with the associated high ceramide content in the plasma and SAT of obese adolescents with a high VAT/VAT+SAT may contribute to the limited expansion of the subcutaneous abdominal adipose depot and the development of insulin resistance.
Disability-Free Life-Years Lost Among Adults Aged ≥50 Years With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Bardenheier Barbara H. , Lin Ji , Zhuo Xiaohui , Ali Mohammed K. , Thompson Theodore J. , Cheng Yiling J. , Gregg Edward W.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE

To quantify the impact of diabetes status on healthy and disabled years of life for older adults in the U.S. and provide a baseline from which to evaluate ongoing national public health efforts to prevent and control diabetes and disability.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Adults (n = 20,008) aged 50 years and older were followed from 1998 to 2012 in the Health and Retirement Study, a prospective biannual survey of a nationally representative sample of adults. Diabetes and disability status (defined by mobility loss, difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living [IADL], and/or difficulty with activities of daily living [ADL]) were self-reported. We estimated incidence of disability, remission to nondisability, and mortality. We developed a discrete-time Markov simulation model with a 1-year transition cycle to predict and compare lifetime disability-related outcomes between people with and without diabetes. Data represent the U.S. population in 1998.

RESULTS

From age 50 years, adults with diabetes died 4.6 years earlier, developed disability 6–7 years earlier, and spent about 1–2 more years in a disabled state than adults without diabetes. With increasing baseline age, diabetes was associated with significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the number of total and disability-free life-years, but the absolute difference in years between those with and without diabetes was less than at younger baseline age. Men with diabetes spent about twice as many of their remaining years disabled (20–24% of remaining life across the three disability definitions) as men without diabetes (12–16% of remaining life across the three disability definitions). Similar associations between diabetes status and disability-free and disabled years were observed among women.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes is associated with a substantial reduction in nondisabled years, to a greater extent than the reduction of longevity.
Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Is Not Associated With Autonomic Dysfunction or Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Olsen Sandra E. , Bjørgaas Marit R. , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Sand Trond , Stjern Marit , Frier Brian M. , Nilsen Kristian B.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE

Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) is a risk factor for severe hypoglycemia in people with insulin-treated diabetes; autonomic neuropathy has been suggested to underlie its development. The aim was to evaluate a putative association between IAH and autonomic dysfunction using novel and sensitive measures of autonomic neural function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Sixty-six adults with type 1 diabetes were studied, 33 with IAH and 33 with normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), confirmed by formal testing. Participants were matched for age, sex, and diabetes duration. Clinical and laboratory evaluations included extensive autonomic function testing, peripheral nerve conduction studies, and quantitative sensory testing. Composite abnormality Z scores were used for group comparisons.

RESULTS

The IAH and NAH group had similar median (interquartile range) age of 48 (14.5) vs. 47 (14.5) years, diabetes duration of 30 (13.5) vs. 31 (13.5) years, and mean ± SD HbA1c 7.8 ± 2.2% vs. 8.1 ± 1.9%, respectively. The autonomic composite Z score did not differ between the two groups (mean difference −0.15, 95% CI −0.46, 0.16; P = 0.33), nor did the thermal detection (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI −0.31, 0.61; P = 0.51) or nerve conduction scores (mean difference 0.03, 95% CI −0.43, 0.49; P = 0.89).

CONCLUSIONS

In adults with type 1 diabetes, IAH was not associated with autonomic dysfunction or peripheral neuropathy.
Integration of a physical training program in a weight loss plan for overweight pet dogs
Authors: Vitger Anne D. , Stallknecht Bente M. , Nielsen Dorte H. , Bjornvad Charlotte R.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a controlled physical training plan for overweight dogs during a weight loss program would improve cardiorespiratory fitness and better preserve lean body mass, compared with results for dogs undergoing a weight loss program based on caloric restriction alone.

DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.

ANIMALS 19 client-owned overweight or obese dogs.

PROCEDURES All dogs were fed the same calorie-restricted diet rationed to achieve a weight loss rate of 1% to 2%/wk for 12 weeks. The fitness-and-diet (FD) group participated in a training program that included underwater and land-based treadmill exercise 3 times/wk. The diet-only (DO) group had no change in exercise routines. Daily activity before and during the intervention was recorded by accelerometry. Before and after intervention, heart rate during exercise was recorded to assess cardiovascular fitness, and body composition was analyzed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Differences between groups were evaluated with t tests and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS Mean weight loss was 13.9% and 12.9% for the FD and DO groups, respectively (n = 8 dogs/group that completed the study). Mean accelerometer counts during intervention were 13% higher than baseline counts for the FD group. Heart rate during exercise declined after intervention in both groups. Lean body mass was preserved in the FD group and lost in the DO group during intervention.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The controlled exercise plan used with a dietary weight loss program prevented loss of lean body mass in dogs. This finding supports inclusion of controlled physical training for obesity management in dogs.
Effects of processing delay, temperature, and transport tube type on results of quantitative bacterial culture of canine urine
Authors: Patterson Carly A. , Bishop Micah A. , Pack Julie D. , Cook Audrey K. , Lawhon Sara D.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of processing delay, temperature, and transport tube type on results of quantitative bacterial culture (QBC) of canine urine.

DESIGN Diagnostic test evaluation.

SAMPLE 60 mL of pooled urine from 4 dogs, divided into six 10-mL aliquots.

PROCEDURES Urine aliquots were spiked with bacteria from 1 of 6 independent Escherichia coli cultures to achieve a target bacterial concentration of 105 CFUs/mL. One milliliter from each aliquot was transferred into 5 silicone-coated clot tubes (SCTs) and 5 urine transport tubes (UTTs). Samples were stored at 4°C (39°F) and 25°C (77°F) for 0, 8, and 24 hours, and then standard QBCs were performed.

RESULTS Median bacterial concentration for urine samples stored in a UTT for 24 hours at 4°C was lower than that for samples stored in an SCT under the same conditions. Conversely, a substantial decrease in median bacterial concentration was identified for samples stored for 24 hours in an SCT at 25°C, compared with the median concentration for samples stored in a UTT under the same conditions. Median bacterial concentration in samples stored in an SCT at 25°C for 24 hours (275 CFUs/mL) was less than the cutoff typically used to define clinically important bacteriuria by use of urine samples obtained via cystocentesis (ie, > 1,000 CFUs/mL).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Canine urine samples submitted for immediate QBC should be transported in plain sterile tubes such as SCTs. When prolonged (24-hour) storage at room temperature is anticipated, urine samples should be transported in UTTs.
Survey of occupational hazards in Minnesota veterinary practices in 2012
Authors: Fowler Heather N. , Holzbauer Stacy M. , Smith Kirk E. , Scheftel Joni M.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE To identify the scope of occupational hazards encountered by veterinary personnel and compare hazard exposures between veterinarians and technicians working in small and large animal practices.

DESIGN Cross-sectional survey.

POPULATION Licensed veterinarians and veterinary staff in Minnesota.

PROCEDURES A survey of Minnesota veterinary personnel was conducted between February 1 and December 1, 2012. Adult veterinary personnel working in clinical practice for > 12 months were eligible to participate. Information was collected on various workplace hazards as well as on workplace safety culture.

RESULTS 831 eligible people responded, representing approximately 10% of Minnesota veterinary personnel. A greater proportion of veterinarians (93%; 368/394) reported having received preexposure rabies vaccinations than did veterinary technicians (54%; 198/365). During their career, 226 (27%) respondents had acquired at least 1 zoonotic infection and 636 (77%) had been injured by a needle or other sharps. Recapping of needles was reported by 87% of respondents; the most common reason reported by veterinarians (41%; 142/345) and veterinary technicians (71%; 238/333) was being trained to do so at school or work. Recent feelings of depression were reported by 204 (25%) respondents. A greater proportion of technicians (42%; 155/365) than veterinarians (21%; 81/394) indicated working in an environment in which employees experienced some form of workplace abuse.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Veterinary personnel in Minnesota were exposed to several work-related hazards. Practice staff should assess workplace hazards, implement controls, and incorporate instruction on occupational health into employee training.
Mental health in post-earthquake Nepal
Authors: Thapa Kiran
Published: December 2015

For two decades, Government of Nepal has made efforts to develop and maintain mental health professionals in all areas; however, much has to be done. This could be an opportunity for Nepal to redesign mental healthcare services at the community level. Primary mental health services integrated with community mental health could help children and families cope with and recover from mental illnesses in the long run.
Eve Teasing- A Social Evil in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Mollik Md Jahangir Hossain
Published: December 2015

Abstract not availableJournal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Eve Teasing and Adolescents Depression
Authors: Airin Jinnatul , Begum Afroza , Ali Mohammad , Ahamd Mushtaq
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Depression in urban female adolescents is now a growing public health problem in Bangladesh. In recent time eve-teasing (sexual harassment) has become a burning issue. Adolescent girls face both psychological and social problems due to eve-teasing and it is one of the determinants of depression of adolescent girls.Objective: The study was done to assess the level and determine the factors of depression as well as to estimate the proportion of eve teasing among female adolescent students.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed at Shahid Ramijuddin Cantonment High School, Dhaka, situated in Shahid Mannan line during a period of one year starting from January 2013 to December, 2013. The study was carried out among 203 female students of class-IX and X aged 14 to 16 years. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to measure the level of depression. Pattern of eve teasing and factors of depression was identified by a number of questions.Results: Among 203 female adolescents 122 students from class-IX and 81 students from Class-X (Mean age 15.02±0.786 years), all are unmarried, 90.6% lived in nuclear family and only 9.45% lived in joint family. This study showed 32% respondents had moderate depression, 17.7% had mild mood disturbance, 10.3 % had borderline clinical depression, 4.9% had severe or extreme depression and 35% respondents found normal. The study also revealed that 75.9% school going girls aged 14 to 16 years experienced eve teasing. Poor school performance, friction with family members, lack of friendly relationship with teachers, 03 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 2 (December) 2014 no communication with friends are associated with depression but the association of substance abuse, smoking habit, heavy internet use with depression was not found. This study also revealed that, 53.2% depressed adolescent girls and 46.8% adolescent girls with no depression experienced eve teasing and depression is higher among girls who experienced eve teasing. So eve teasing is an important factor for female adolescent depression.Conclusion: Among the study subjects majority of the respondents are moderately depressed and large number of students have experienced eve teasing. Eve teasing has found significant association with depression. Several factors are responsible for depression but in case of female adolescents eve teasing is one of the important factor that needs urgent attention. So, it is essential to control eve teasing for prevention of depression of adolescent girls.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Randomized Clinical Trial of LigaSure Haemorrhoidectomy versus Open Diathermy Haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Islam Md Tanvirul , Rahman Md Habibur , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Ahmed Siddique , Begum Nasrin
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Haemorrhoidectomy is the most effective and definitive treatment for grade III or IV haemorrhoids. The traditional surgical approaches include the open (MilliganMorgan) and the closed (Ferguson and Parks) haemorrhoidectomy. Both procedures entail similar complications, in particular protracted postoperative pain that causes longer hospital stays. Recently, a variety of instruments have been used in an attempt to reduce postoperative pain and a quicker return to normal activities. A new option in performing Milligan -Morgan haemorrhoidectomy involves the LigaSure system, a bipolar electrothermal vessel sealing device.Objective: The randomized clinical trial was carried out to see the benefits of using LigaSure over monopolar diathermy in haemorrhoid surgery in terms of operating time, postoperative pain and complications.Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Surgery at Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. The study was conducted for a period about two years. The sample size was one hundred cases of haemorrhoidectomy divided into 50 cases of two groups, which is LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy and open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy. Patients were included in the trial if they had symptomatic prolapsing internal haemorrhoids. All patients were randomized using sealed envelopes. Patients were blinded to the type of surgery performed. Patients kept a record of postoperative pain by means of a visual analogue scale. Symptom control and patients satisfaction were assessed at 12 weeks follow-up. LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy was performed by the mediumsized LigaSureTM forceps.Results: The operating time was less in LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy (mean 7.7 min with range of 4 to 16min) as compared with open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy (mean 18.2 with range 7-24 min) (p<0 .001). The median postoperative pain score was 4.3 (range 1-8.5) in the LigaSure group and 7.0 (range 3-9) in the open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The median number of administrations of analgesia in postoperative period was less in the LigaSure group (10 with range 4-20) as compared with the open diathermy group (19.5 with range 6-24) (p<0.001). There were five cases of complications in LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy group, whereas eleven cases developed complications in open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy group. The complications were postoperative bleeding, urinary retention and anal fissure.Conclusion: Evidence to date confirms that LigaSure haemorridectomy is an effective technique. LigaSure appeared to be an effective tool for the dissection and haemostasis required for an excisional haemorrhoidectomy procedure.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Role of Continuous Low Pressure Suction in Management of Traumatic Haemothorax and/or Haemopneumothorax: Experiences at NIDCH and CMH Dhaka
Authors: Majumdar Md Neazul Islam , Razzaque AKM , Rahman Md Shahinur , Kibria Anwarul Anam , Rahman Rokshana , Hossain SM Shahadat
Published: December 2015

Introduction: The number of chest trauma patients has rapidly increased in this 21st century of high speed travel, violence, natural and manmade disasters. Most of the patients present with haemothorax and/or haemopneumothorax. Drainage of haemothorax and/or haemopnumothorax by tube thoracostomy is the main stay of treatment. Even timely insertion of chest tube sometimes fails to drain haemothorax adequately and results in clotted haemothorax for which surgical management is needed. Application of continuous low pressure suction through chest tube hastens evacuation of blood and reduces incidence of clotted haemothorax and thoracotomy.Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the effectiveness of continuous low pressure suction in evacuation of blood and air from pleural cavity, in early re-expansion of lung and reduction of clotted haemothorax in comparison with simple chest tube drainage.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka and National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Mohakali, Dhaka from April 2012 to March 2013. A total of 60 patients with blunt and penetrating chest trauma fulfilling the selection criteria enrolled in this study. Patients were allocated into two groups. Patients who received continuous low pressure suction on their chest tubes were leveled as group-I and patients who received only chest tube drainage were leveled as group-II. Data were collected by interview, observation, clinical examination and investigation results. Data were processed and analyzed by using statistical test.Results: The mean chest tube duration was 7.13±2.1 days with a range from 5-16 days in group-I as compared to 11.83±5.26 days with a range from 6-28 days in group-II. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8.97±2.28 days with a range from 6-18 days in group-I as opposed to 13.47±5.53 days with a range from 8-32 days in group-II. In group-I 96.7% patients achieved full lung re-expansion while 3.3% patients had clotted haemothorax for which they underwent thoracotomy and evacuation of clot. In group-II who was on simple chest tube drainage, 76.7% patients achieved full lung re-expansion and 23.3% patient had clotted haemothorax and required thoracotomy.Conclusion: Continuous low pressure suction is a useful device in the management of traumatic haemothorax and/or haemopneumothorax. It reduces morbidity, hospital stay and cost of thoracic surgery.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
An Anthropometric Evaluation of Morphological Facial Height in Bangladeshi Young Adult
Authors: Sheikh Md Asaduzzaman , Chowdhury Golam Mohiuddin , Jolly Ferdousy , Moniruzzaman -
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Anthropometry is applied to obtain measurements of living subjects for identifying age, stature, proportions body and/ or face and various dimensions related to particular race or an individual. Facial anthropometric studies have got vast implications in health related fields and are useful for orthodontists, plastic surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons for their treatment plans to evaluate treatment prognosis and determine treatment outcome. Prior to advent of cephalometric radiography, orthodontists often used anthropometric measurements to establish facial proportion. Although for orthodontists, this method was largely replaced by cephalometric analysis for many years, the recent emphasis on soft tissue proportions has brought soft tissue evaluation back into prominence. When there are questions about vertical facial proportions, it is better to make the measurement clinically rather than cephalometric analysis, because the soft tissue proportions, as seen clinically determine the facial appearance.Objective: To evaluate morphological facial height and to establish the upper & lower facial height proportions in Bangladeshi adult and to compare with similar data of various nations & ethnic groups.Method: This study was a descriptive observational cross sectional study by convenient sampling, conducted in AFMI (Armed Forces Medical Institute) among the 500 participants of Bangladeshi by birth with equal sex distribution aged 18-25 years. The anthropometric landmarks the nasion(n), subnasale (sn) and ganthion (gn), were marked on the participants face with a dermographic pen. With the help of a digital vernier sliding calipers, the measurements were taken in millimeters and the participant was in centric relation when measuring the facial height. The distance from n to sn is upper facial height (UFH), from sn to gn is lower facial height (LFH) and total facial height (TFH) is the sum of UFH and LFH.Conclusion: There is strong correlation among upper, lower and total facial height. The facial height proportion found in this study matches with ideal facial proportion widely practiced in clinical orthodontics for treatment planning and to determine treatment outcome. The findings of this study may help to establish the norms of facial proportion in Bangladeshi adult which will be helpful for treatment planning in orthodontic and reconstructive surgery without chephalomtric means.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Study of Gross Anatomy of Human Placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Begum Nasrin , Ferdousi Roxana
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), also referred to as Gestational hypertension is a condition of high blood pressure during pregnancy. Progression the disease causes preeclampsia and eclampsia, which are the commonest causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.Objective: The objectives of the study were to observe and measure the macroscopic changes in the placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension and to compare the placental findings of the control group. .Method: This descriptive observational study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Forty placentas were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Out of forty placentas, twenty were from non-hypertensive mother considered as controls and twenty from PIH mothers. Mother who had Rh-negative blood group, positive for VDRL and HbsAg and mother delivered multiple babies or babies with any visible congenital malformation were excluded. All women included in the study gave birth to a live born baby after 35 weeks of gestation by caesarian section. The macroscopic features of placentas were recorded and after that specimen was fixed in 10% formol saline. After two week of fixation, a point counting method was used on placental slices for estimation of the volume of parenchyma and non-parenchyma.Results: The general features of the control and PIH mother were statistically matched. As compared with the control group, PIH group showed no statistically significant difference in values of placental weight, volume and diameter.Mean placental weight (gm), mean volume (ml) and the mean diameter (cm) of the placental, mean absolute volume of parenchyma, mean proportional and mean absolute volume of non-parenchyma were lower in PIH group than the control group. The mean number of cotyledon of the placenta and mean proportional volume of parenchyma were higher in PIH group than control group and. These differences did not reach statistically significant level.Conclusion: Several authors has concluded that the changes in the placenta in diabetic and toxaemic mother are the reflection of some compensatory mechanism, but the present study fails to identify any statistically significant changes in PIH group in favour of such statement.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Iron Status in Early versus Delayed Cord Clamping Groups of Preterm Neonates Delivered in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Yasmeen Sabina , Shahidullah Mohammod , Mannan MA , Dey Aurjun Chandra , Chowdhury Rhehana Begum , Haque AQM Shamsul , Hassan Md Zahidul
Published: December 2015

Introduction: During pregnancy, most of the iron endowment occurs in third trimester; so preterm infant are deprived of iron which leads to anaemia of prematurity. The problems associated with anaemia in preterm babies as well as its treatment (blood transfusion) are multiple and involve significant risks. Anaemia hinders normal growth and contributes to postnatal malnutrition in most low birth weight preterm neonates who are hospitalised for a long time. Delayed cord clamping in preterm infants results in an 8% to 24% increase in blood volume.This extra amount of blood may increase haemoglobin as well as iron content in preterm neonates.Objective: To observe the effect of timing of cord clamping on iron status of preterm neonates.Methods: It is a prospective randomized control trial. Total 40 preterm neonates of gestational age of less than 37 weeks were included in this study, they were allocated in Early Cord Clamping (ECC) group and Delayed Cord Clamping (DCC) group by random sampling technique. To estimate iron status in both groups at neonatal period, blood was collected to measure Hb, MCV, TIBC, serum iron, ferritin at 24 hrs of age and at 28 days of age.Results: This study shows that there is significant high Hb, iron and ferritin levels in delayed cord clamping group of preterm neonates. The results of Hb, serum iron and ferritin levels at 24hrs of age in ECC group were 16.53(±2.13)g/dl, 52.20(±38.78)?g/dl and 127.63(±57.45)?g/L, these parameters in DCC group were 18.65(±2.08)g/dl, 84.35(±35.03)?g/l and 188.88(±107.58)?g/L respectively.These results were significant with the p value of <0.05. These results were also significant at 28 days of life. But regarding Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) parameters, they were not significant either in day 1 or in day 28.Conclusion: Delayed cord clamping improves iron status in preterm neonates status in early versus delayed cord clamping groups of preterm neonates delivered in certain referral hospital.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Rahman AKM Mijanur
Published: December 2015

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are important causes of morbidity and mortality amongst haemodialysis (HD) patients.Objective: Study was conducted to investigate clinical, laboratory parameters of HCV and HBV infection at nephrology and dialysis centre, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Methods: It was an cross-sectional study. One hundred and twenty one end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance HD, 88 male, 33 female, mean age 51.88 years (range 1485 years) were included in this study. Clinical and laboratory data such as age, sex aetiology of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), HBsAg and anti HCV, HBeAg, PCR for HCV RNA, serum bilirubin, ALT, AST, albumin were examined.Results: The ttest and Chi-Square Tests were used to analyse the significance of the results. Among HD patients HBsAg and anti HCV prevalence rate was 9.1% and 27.3% respectively. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were common causes of ESRD.Conclusion: Prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is quite high in our HD patients, data emphasise need for strict adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviours.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Chronic Arsenic Toxicity in Bangladesh- The Challenges, Manifestations and how to Overcome it
Authors: Khan Md Abdul Karim , Sharmin Sabrina , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: December 2015

Ground water is the main and most important source of water supply in Bangladesh. But the water has been contaminated by arsenic and has become a public health hazards in our country. About 35-70 million people in 61 out of 64 districts of Bangladesh are consuming arsenic contaminated water and are prone to develop health hazards due to chronic arsenicosis. Chronic exposure to arsenic may cause wide range of carcinogenic & non-carcinogenic health effects. So far there is no specific management for chronic arsenic toxicity, though the magnitude of the disease is potentially toxic & fatal. If effective treatments are not provided to those sufferers, it will bring a negative impact in our country as far as economical growth is concerned. Government and its existing resources alone will not be able to meet the challenges due to arsenic toxicity. The challenges are as under: a) creation of mass awareness about the danger of drinking arsenic contaminated water and to provide arsenic free, bacteriologically and chemically safe alternative source of drinking water to the vast number of the population of the country at risk of developing arsenicosis, b) diagnosing all arsenicosis patients and provide effective management of their condition. The probable & suitable solutions of chronic arsenic toxicity have been explored. Recommended steps include rain water harvesting, treatment of surface water, proven safe and sustainable technologies implemented under and piped water supply. Besides for further improvement of diagnosis and management of chronic arsenicosis, following steps are needed- establishing and updating an arsenicosis patients data base for early identification of the arse-nicosis patients and establishing an easy and effective referral system so that arsenicosis patients are screened at rural level can be transferred to appropriate centre. Since existing resources of our country cannot fight against these environmental hazards, without the involvement of private sectors and international donor agencies all efforts will be un-sustainable.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Simplified Equations for Calculation of Highly Potent Intravenous Drug Infusion with Confidence- A Review Article
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Ahsan Md Nazmul , Chowdhury Dipak Kumer Paul , Rahman Aminur
Published: December 2015

There are possibilities of potential hazards, as intravenous medications get rapid access to patients circulatory system. Calculating and applying drugs as per order of physician is complex because there are so many factors have to be taken into account. Regardless of the drug to be administered, careful and accurate calculations are important to avoid medication errors. Practicing drug calculation as per equations described in this article will minimize errors and maximize confidence among healthcare professionals.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
Editorial Notes Vol.9(2)
Authors: Alam Mahmudul
Published: December 2015

Abstract not availableJournal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.9(2) 2014