bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The High Park fire: Coupled weather‐wildland fire model simulation of a windstorm‐driven wildfire in Colorado's Front Range
Authors: Coen Janice L. , Schroeder Wilfrid
Published: December 2014

Weather affects wildland fires at scales from multiseasonal precipitation patterns and anomalies, through synoptic and mesoscale weather patterns, to convective scale motions including fire‐induced winds. This work analyzed the first day's growth of the 2012 High Park fire, which occurred in Colorado's Front Range during widespread drought and an unseasonal June windstorm, assessing to what extent the Coupled Atmosphere‐Wildland Fire Environment coupled numerical weather prediction—wildland fire behavior model could reproduce the event, burn severity patterns, and how the drought impact on fuel moisture impacted the event. Simulated mountaintop wind speeds reaching 47 m s−1 and gravity wave overturning created strong, gusty surface winds. During the first 9 h, the simulated fire grew underneath the gravity wave's crest and downdraft, sheltered from the windstorm. The simulated fire then climbed a ridge, was exposed to the windstorm, and rapidly traveled east, covering 15 km in 12.3 h. Burning routed up or down drainages caused finger‐like streaks in maximum fire intensity. Reference fire mapping information supported the simulated early growth toward the north, splitting around topographic features, while the simulation's underestimate of extent accrued to 2 km over 21.3 h. While the control simulation employed horizontal grid spacing of 123 m, a simulation refined to 370 m captured some wave motions and overall direction but further underestimated extent and lacked details such as turns in direction, splitting, or fingering at the leading edge. Compared to a simulation with moderately dry fuel conditions, a range of drought‐like fuel moisture conditions produced fires that extended 0–39% farther.
An analysis of the operational GFS simplified Arakawa Schubert parameterization within a WRF framework: A Hurricane Sandy (2012) long‐term track forecast perspective
Authors: Bassill Nick P.
Published: December 2014

Hurricane Sandy (2012) is known as an incredibly destructive storm and one defined meteorologically by its large size, and its significant forecast track spreads among various operational models roughly 1 week before landfall. While the operational European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts model accurately depicted a northeastern United States landfall, the Global Forecasting System (GFS) model consistently forecast a track toward the North Atlantic Ocean. Using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model framework, Bassill () suggested that these differences were primarily a function of differences between the two models' cumulus parameterization (CP). This study also uses a WRF model framework to examine the simplified Arakawa Schubert CP used in the GFS model. It is found that increasing the deep convective entrainment coefficient produces more realistic forecast tracks for forecasts initialized roughly 1 week before landfall. This occurs through a reorientation of the precipitation (and associated latent heating) around Sandy during a critical time period in which it was interacting with a series of upper troughs to its west and northwest. Reorienting the latent heating reshapes the upper tropospheric steering pattern toward the one that is more negatively tilted and consistent with observations.
Impact of data assimilation on high‐resolution rainfall forecasts: A spatial, seasonal, and category analysis
Authors: V Rakesh , Goswami Prashant
Published: December 2014

In a limited area model (LAM), the impact of data assimilation is likely to depend on the background state through lateral boundary forcing; this may introduce certain seasonality in the impact of data assimilation on rainfall forecasting. It is also likely that the impact of data assimilation on forecasts will have certain spatial variability. Finally, owing to the convective nature of rainfall and the roles of parameterization scheme, the impact of data assimilation may depend on the category (intensity) of rainfall. Here these aspects for rainfall forecasts at high resolution were examined. Using a LAM (An advanced version of Weather Research and Forecasting Model), we have carried out twin simulations with and without data assimilation; the simulations without data assimilation are used as the benchmark for assessing the impact of data assimilation. Analysis of simulations for 40 sample days distributed over the years 2012–2014 over Karnataka (southern state in India) is carried out to estimate impact of data assimilation. Various statistical measures show that data assimilation improved the rainfall prediction in most cases; however, there is also strong seasonality and location dependence in impact of data assimilation. Our results also show that improvement due to data assimilation is higher/lower for lower/higher rainfall categories. Analysis shows that the cases where the initial states with data assimilation depart strongly from the first guess generally result in less or even negative impact. It is pointed out that the results have important implications in design of observation system and assessment of impact of forecasts.
Conservation of Mouse Models Through Embryo Freezing
Authors: Guan Mo , Bogani Debora , Marschall Susan , Raspa Marcello , Takeo Toru , Nakagata Naomi , Fray Martin
Published: December 2014

The ability to interrogate the entire coding sequence of the mouse combined with the tools to manipulate the genome has firmly established the mouse as the model organism of choice for studying the causes of human disease. Consequently, a huge number of novel mouse models are generated each year to support active research programs. However, it is neither ethically justifiable, nor economically viable to maintain mouse colonies on the shelf that are not part of active research programs. This means that novel mouse lines have to be preserved in some way. If this is not done and the line is simply killed off, the genetics will be lost to future generations of scientists. This article describes the current practices used in cryopreservation laboratories to archive and recover mouse embryos frozen using controlled‐rate freezing and vitrification techniques. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Nanoscale Frameworks
Authors: Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel
Published: December 2014

The empty volume within porous materials provides virtually unlimited space for imagination, allowing the use of their internal surface with different functionalities for a myriad of applications. This is particularly the case for porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which are highly crystalline inorganic–organic networks constructed by assembling metal ions or metal‐containing clusters with multifunctional organic ligands. MOFs are attracting considerable attention due to their various structural architectures, which exhibit extremely high surface areas and feature tunable pore size. The functionalization of their internal surface is the key aspect for their intriguing properties in gas storage and separation, catalysis, drug delivery, sensing, and magnetism. To date, most of the MOFs reported for specific applications are bulk materials; however, miniaturizing them to the nanoscale (nanoMOFs) and integrating the resulting nanoMOFs onto surfaces will be essential for the future development of MOF‐based materials and devices. Analogously to the well‐known case of inorganic nanoparticles, nanoMOFs can exhibit novel and often enhanced properties compared to their corresponding bulk form, opening up new perspectives for many technological and biomedical applications. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances in nanoMOF synthesis (0D, 1D, 2D nanoMOFs, SURMOFs, hybrid MOF‐based nanocomposites, and MOF superstructures) and describe how their small size can optimize their potential in gas storage and separation, drug delivery, medical imaging, catalysis, magnetism, and sensors, offering a panoramic view of this embryonic class of nanomaterials.
Enhancing Innovation Capacity Through Vertical, Horizontal, and Third‐Party Networks for Traditional Foods
Authors: Kühne Bianka , Gellynck Xavier , Weaver R.D.
Published: December 2014

Across many sectors, the locus of innovation has shifted from the individual firm to networks of collaboration. Networking is one way for small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector to cope with the many challenges they face with regards to innovation. In this article, we investigate the influence of different types of networking on the innovation capacity of chain networks in the traditional food sector. Our results highlight that networking among the vertical network members contributes most to the enhancement of the innovation capacity of all members. We also find that, horizontal or third‐party networking can enhance the innovation capacity of each member of a vertical network. Managerial implications include a prescription for network engagement through a set of joint activities and effort.
Water adsorption in metal–organic frameworks with open‐metal sites
Authors: Peng Xuan , Lin Li‐Chiang , Sun Weizhen , Smit Berend
Published: December 2014

H2O adsorptions inside porous materials, including silica zeolites, zeolite imidazolate frameworks, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) using molecular simulations with different water models are investigated. Due to the existence of coordinately unsaturated metal sites, the predicted adsorption properties in M‐MOF‐74 (M = Mg, Ni, Co, Zn) and Cu‐BTC are found to be greatly sensitive to the adopted H2O models. Surprisingly, the analysis of the orientations of H2O minimum energy configuration in these materials show that three‐site H2O models predict an unusual perpendicular angle of H2O plane with respect to the Metal‐O4 plane, whereas those models with more than three sites give a more parallel angle that is in better agreement with the one obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, the use of these commonly used models estimates the binding energies with the values lower than the ones computed by DFT ranging from 15 to 40%. To correct adsorption energies, simple approach to adjust metal‐O(H2O) sigma parameters to reproduce the DFT‐calculated binding energies is used. With the refined parameters, the computed water isotherms inside Mg‐MOF‐74 and Cu‐BTC are in reasonable agreement with experimental data, and provide significant improvement compared to the predictions made by the original models. Further, a detailed inspection on the water configurations at higher‐pressure region was also made, and observed that there is an interesting two‐layer water network formed using three‐ and four‐site models. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 677–687, 2015
Chemisch betriebene Mikro‐ und Nanomotoren
Authors: Sánchez Samuel , Soler Lluís , Katuri Jaideep
Published: December 2014

Chemisch betriebene Mikro‐ und Nanomotoren sind kleine Geräte, die sich durch katalytische Reaktionen in Flüssigkeiten selbstantreiben. Inspiriert durch Biomotoren besteht das wissenschaftliche Ziel darin, die beste Architektur für den Selbstantrieb zu finden, den Bewegungsmechanismus zu verstehen und eine genaue Steuerung der Bewegung zu erzielen. Ferngesteuerte Nanomotoren können eine Ladung zu den gewünschten Zielen transportieren, sich in Biomaterialien hineinbohren, ihre Umgebung abtasten, Flüssigkeiten vermischen oder pumpen und verunreinigtes Wasser säubern. Dieser Aufsatz erläutert die wesentlichen Fortschritte auf dem wachsenden Gebiet der katalytischen Nanomotoren, das vor zehn Jahren seinen Anfang nahm.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Antibiotic Lysocin E and Its Enantiomeric, Epimeric, and N‐Demethylated Analogues
Authors: Murai Motoki , Kaji Takuya , Kuranaga Takefumi , Hamamoto Hiroshi , Sekimizu Kazuhisa , Inoue Masayuki
Published: December 2014

Lysocin E, a macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through a novel mechanism. The first total synthesis of lysocin E was achieved by applying a full solid‐phase strategy. The developed approach also provides rapid access to the enantiomeric, epimeric, and N‐demethylated analogues of lysocin E. Significantly, the antibacterial activity of the unnatural enantiomer was comparable to that of the natural isomer, suggesting the absence of chiral recognition in its mode of action.
Multiplex Detection of Enzymatic Activity with Responsive Lanthanide‐Based Luminescent Probes
Authors: Pershagen Elias , Borbas K. Eszter
Published: December 2014

Multiplex analyte detection in complex dynamic systems is desirable for the investigation of cellular communication networks as well as in medical diagnostics. A family of lanthanide‐based responsive luminescent probes for multiplex detection is reported. The high modularity of the probe design enabled the rapid assembly of both green and red emitters for a large variety of analytes by the simple exchange of the lanthanide or an analyte‐cleavable caging group, respectively. The real‐time three‐color detection of up to three analytes was demonstrated, thus setting the stage for the non‐invasive investigation of interconnected biological processes.
Multitarget Drug Discovery for Alzheimer's Disease: Triazinones as BACE‐1 and GSK‐3β Inhibitors
Authors: Prati Federica , De Simone Angela , Bisignano Paola , Armirotti Andrea , Summa Maria , Pizzirani Daniela , Scarpelli Rita , Perez Daniel I. , Andrisano Vincenza , Perez‐Castillo Ana , Monti Barbara , Massenzio Francesca , Polito Letizia , Racchi Marco , Favia Angelo D. , Bottegoni Giovanni , Martinez Ana , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Cavalli Andrea
Published: December 2014

Cumulative evidence strongly supports that the amyloid and tau hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but concomitantly contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Thus, the development of multitarget drugs which are involved in both pathways might represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Accordingly, reported here in is the discovery of 6‐amino‐4‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐ones as the first class of molecules able to simultaneously modulate BACE‐1 and GSK‐3β. Notably, one triazinone showed well‐balanced in vitro potencies against the two enzymes (IC50 of (18.03±0.01) μM and (14.67±0.78) μM for BACE‐1 and GSK‐3β, respectively). In cell‐based assays, it displayed effective neuroprotective and neurogenic activities and no neurotoxicity. It also showed good brain permeability in a preliminary pharmacokinetic assessment in mice. Overall, triazinones might represent a promising starting point towards high quality lead compounds with an AD‐modifying potential.
Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of ferrum ammonium phosphate–halloysite/epoxy polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Dong Yanmao , Lisco Brian , Wu Hao , Koo Joseph H. , Krifa Mourad
Published: December 2014

To recycle the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewater, ferrum ammonium phosphate (FAP)–halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were synthesized with simulated wastewater containing N, P, and Fe pollutants as raw materials. The adsorption–chemical precipitationin situmethod was used to synthesize the target products, and the optimal conditions for the synthesis of the FAP–HNTs were obtained. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to characterize the samples. The FAP particle size was 20–30 nm in the FAP–HNTs. The FTIR spectra demonstrated that a small amount of water in the FAP–HNTs promoted the curing reaction. The FAP–HNTs and Exolit OP 1230 (OP) were introduced into epoxy (EP) to prepare the polymer nanocomposites. The heat release rate (HRR) and flammability of the EP composites were tested by microscale combustion calorimetry and UL‐94 instruments. The mechanical properties of the EP composites also were tested by a tension testing system. The results indicate that the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the EP composites were improved by FAP–HNT. The addition of FAP–HNT and OP gave rise to an evident reduction of HRR and a prolonged burning time for the EP. EP/FAP–HNT/OP (20) (where 20 is the loading weight percentage) passed the UL 94 V‐0 rating. The analysis of the char revealed the synergy of the FAP–HNTs and OP in reducing the flammability of the polymers. We concluded that these polymers show potential for applications in wastewater treatment and N/P recycling. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41681.
One‐step oxidation of aniline by peroxotitanium acid to polyaniline–titanium dioxide: A highly stable electrode for a supercapacitor
Authors: Gottam Ramesh , Srinivasan Palaniappan
Published: December 2014

In this study, to make a stable electrode material for a supercapacitor, we selected a polyaniline and titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid material. Peroxotitanium acid was used to oxidize aniline in the presence of sulfuric acid to a poly(aniline sulfate) salt–titanium oxide composite in one step. IR, X‐ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) analyses supported the formation of the composite. The poly(aniline sulfate) salt–titanium oxide composites (50 wt % each) showed an amorphous, flakelike morphology having a conductivity value of 8 × 10−3 S/cm with an excellent yield and stability (300°C).This composite material in the cell configuration showed a specific capacitance of 320 F/g at a 0.33 A/g discharge current density. Thirty thousand charge–discharge (CD) cycles at a heavy CD current density of 3.3 A/g were carried out on the supercapacitor cell. The values of equivalent series resistance (ESR) (8–9 Ω) and efficiency (100–98%) were found to be independent of the cycle number with an excellent retention capacity of 83%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41711.
Influence of preparation methods on the electrical and nanomechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Mosnáčková Katarína , Špitálský Zdenko , Kuliček Jaroslav , Prokeš Jan , Skarmoutsou Amalia , Charitidis Costas A. , Omastová Mária
Published: December 2014

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PMMA/MWCNT) composites were prepared by two different methods: melt mixing and solution casting. For solution casting, two different solvents, toluene and chloroform, were used to prepare PMMA solutions with different concentrations of MWCNT. The dispersion of the CNT in the composite samples was verified by scanning electron microscopy. For the nanocomposites prepared by both methods, the electrical conductivity increased with increasing filler content, showing typical percolation behavior. In addition, an increase of 11 orders of magnitude in the electrical conductivity relative to the matrix conductivity was determined by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and four probe conductivity measurements. A maximum value of σDC ∼ 1.6 S/cm was found for the highest filler loaded sample (3.67 vol %), which was prepared by solution casting from toluene. Nanoindentation analysis was used to characterize the surface mechanical properties of the composite samples prepared by the different methods. Indentation tests were performed at various penetration depths, and it was revealed that the melt mixing process resulted in stiffer neat PMMA samples compared to the solution casted PMMA samples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41721.
Property reinforcement of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene by simultaneous incorporation of carbon nanotubes and self‐prepared copper particles
Authors: Wang Gen Lin , Duan Lei , Ding Ke Hong , Zhang Ming
Published: December 2014

In this article, copper (Cu) crystallites were successfully prepared via low temperature molten salt method, and the possible formation mechanisms were proposed. The conductive fillers of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and as‐prepared Cu particles were designed and introduced into acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) blend to prepare different conductive composites. The dispersion states of conductive fillers and the morphologies of the composites were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The electrical resistivity of different composites was measured. The results showed that Cu and MWCNTs exhibited a synergistic effect in decreasing the electrical resistivity of the Cu/MWCNTs/ABS composites, because Cu that could locate between MWCNTs chain segments provides a better charge transport in the conductive pathways. Compared with pure ABS, the tensile strength, elastic modulus and thermal stability of the Cu/MWCNTs/ABS composites were significantly improved with the incorporation of Cu and MWCNTs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41738.
Is There a Role for Social Pensions in Asia?
Authors: Barrientos Armando
Published: December 2014

Rapid population ageing and economic transformation in Asia underline the policy challenges associated with ensuring income security in old age. This article examines the potential role of social pensions in securing old‐age income security in Asia. It assesses the main policy trade‐offs associated with adopting alternative social pension designs, especially around two critical policy points: the comparative advantages of social assistance and social pensions; and the integration of non‐contributory transfers within advanced contributory pension schemes.
Heterometallic SrII‐MII (M=Co, Ni, Zn and Cu) Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Temperature‐Dependent Structural Transformation, and Luminescent and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Chen Yanmei , Gao Qian , Chen Wenqian , Gao Dandan , Li Yahong , Liu Wei , Li Wu
Published: December 2014

The use of pyridine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid (H2pydc) in the construction of SrII and SrII‐MII (M=Co, Ni, Zn and Cu) coordination polymers is reported. Eight complexes, that is, [Sr(pydc)H2O]n (1), [MSr(pydc)2(H2O)2]n (M=Co (2), Ni (3), Zn (4)), [ZnSr(pydc)2(H2O)7]n⋅4 nH2O (5), [SrCu(pydc)2]n (6), [SrCu(pydc)2(H2O)3]n⋅2 nH2O (7), and [Cu3Sr2(pydc)4(Hpydc)2(H2O)2]n (8), have been synthesized via dexterously choosing the appropriate strontium sources and transition metal salts, and rationally controlling the temperature of the reaction systems. Complexes 1, 2 (3, 4), 6, and 8 display four types of 3‐D framework structures. Complexes 5 and 7 exhibit a 2‐D network and a 1‐D chain structure, respectively. The 2‐D complex 7 can be reversibly transformed into 3‐D compound 6 through temperature‐induced solvent‐mediated structural transformation. The luminescent property studies indicated that complex 1 shows a strong purple luminescent emission and 4 exhibits a strong violet luminescence emission. The magnetic properties of 2, 3, and 8 were also studied. Antiferromagnetic MII⋅⋅⋅MII interactions were determined for these complexes.
Alpinetin enhances cholesterol efflux and inhibits lipid accumulation in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐loaded human macrophages
Authors: Jiang Zhengming , Sang Haiqiang , Fu Xin , Liang Ying , Li Ling
Published: December 2014

Alpinetin is a natural flavonoid abundantly present in the ginger family. Here, we investigated the effect of alpinetin on cholesterol efflux and lipid accumulation in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐treated THP‐1 macrophages and human peripheral blood monocyte‐derived macrophages (HMDMs). After exposing THP‐1 macrophages to alpinetin, cholesterol efflux was determined by liquid scintillator. The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐), liver X receptor alpha (LXR‐α), ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B member 1 were determined by reverse‐transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Alpinetin promoted apolipoprotein A‐I‐ and high‐density‐lipoprotein‐mediated cholesterol efflux and elevated PPAR‐γ and LXR‐α mRNA and protein expression in a dose‐dependent fashion in ox‐LDL‐treated THP‐1 macrophages and HMDMs. Small interfering RNA‐mediated silencing of PPAR‐γ or LXR‐α dose dependently reversed alpinetin‐increased cholesterol efflux in THP‐1 macrophages, indicating the involvement of PPAR‐γ and LXR‐α in alpinetin‐promoted cholesterol efflux. Alpinetin inhibited ox‐LDL‐induced lipid accumulation and enhanced the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA and protein, which was reversed by specific knockdown of PPAR‐γ or LXR‐α. Taken together, our results reveal that alpinetin exhibits positive effects on cholesterol efflux and inhibits ox‐LDL‐induced lipid accumulation, which might be through PPAR‐/LXR‐/ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway.
Mid‐infrared spectroscopy‐based analysis of mammalian cell culture Parameters
Authors: Capito Florian , Zimmer Aline , Skudas Romas
Published: December 2014

Within the framework of process analytical technology, infrared spectroscopy (IR) has been used for characterization of biopharmaceutical production processes. Although noninvasive attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy can be regarded as gold standard within IR‐based process analytics, simpler and more cost‐effective mid‐infrared (MIR) instruments might improve acceptability of this technique for high‐level monitoring of small scale experiments as well as for academia where financial restraints impede the use of costly equipment. A simple and straightforward at‐line mid‐IR instrument was used to monitor cell viability parameters, activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amount of secreted antibody, and concentration of glutamate and lactate in a Chinese hamster ovary cell culture process, applying multivariate prediction models, including only 25–28 calibration samples per model. Glutamate amount could be predicted with high accuracy (R2 0.91 for independent test‐set) while antibody concentration achieved good prediction for concentrations >0.4 mg L−1. Prediction of LDH activity was accurate except for the low activity regime. The model for lactate monitoring was only moderately good and requires improvements. Relative cell viability between 20 and 95% could be predicted with low error (8.82%) in comparison to reference methods. An initial model for determining the number of nonviable cells displayed only acceptable accuracy and requires further improvement. In contrast, monitoring of viable cell number showed better accuracy than previously published ATR‐based results. These results prove the principal suitability of less sophisticated MIR instruments to monitor multiple parameters in biopharmaceutical production with relatively low investments and rather fast calibration procedures. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:578–584, 2015
An ultrasonically enhanced inclined settler for microalgae harvesting
Authors: Hincapié Gómez Esteban , Marchese Anthony J.
Published: December 2014

Microalgae have vast potential as a sustainable and scalable source of biofuels and bioproducts. However, algae dewatering is a critical challenge that must be addressed. Ultrasonic settling has already been exploited for concentrating various biological cells at relatively small batch volumes and/or low throughput. Typically, these designs are operated in batch or semicontinuous mode, wherein the flow is interrupted and the cells are subsequently harvested. These batch techniques are not well suited for scaleup to the throughput levels required for harvesting microalgae from the large‐scale cultivation operations necessary for a viable algal biofuel industry. This article introduces a novel device for the acoustic harvesting of microalgae. The design is based on the coupling of the acoustophoretic force, acoustic transparent materials, and inclined settling. A filtration efficiency of 70 ± 5% and a concentration factor of 11.6 ± 2.2 were achieved at a flow rate of 25 mL·min−1 and an energy consumption of 3.6 ± 0.9 kWh·m−3. The effects of the applied power, flow rate, inlet cell concentration, and inclination were explored. It was found that the filtration efficiency of the device is proportional to the power applied. However, the filtration efficiency experienced a plateau at 100 W L−1 of power density applied. The filtration efficiency also increased with increasing inlet cell concentration and was inversely proportional to the flow rate. It was also found that the optimum settling angle for maximum concentration factor occurred at an angle of 50 ± 5°. At these optimum conditions, the device had higher filtration efficiency in comparison to other similar devices reported in the previous literature. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:414–423, 2015
Ultra‐Thin Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for Pseudocapacitive Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Yun Young Soo , Cho Se Youn , Kim Haegyeom , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Kang Kisuk
Published: December 2014

Ultra‐thin hollow carbon nanospheres (UTH‐CNs) are fabricated for use as anodes of asymmetric sodium ion pseudocapacitors. The ∼3 nm thick amorphous carbon walls obtained from regenerated silk proteins as a template exhibit a well‐defined porous structure suitable for reversible sodium‐ion storage. The UTH‐CNs show remarkable electrochemical activity with sodium via a pseudocapacitive reaction, delivering a large reversible capacity as well as superior rate performance for more than 1000 cycles. The pseudocapacitors based on UTH‐CNs exhibit a capacitance of 186 F g−1, a specific energy of 43 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 10 kW kg−1. This represents the highest value yet reported for asymmetric sodium‐ion storage pseudocapacitors.
Atropisomeric [(diphosphine)Au2Cl2] Complexes and their Catalytic Activity Towards Asymmetric Cycloisomerisation of 1,6‐Enynes
Authors: Barreiro Elena M. , Boltukhina Ekaterina V. , White Andrew J. P. , Hii King Kuok (Mimi)
Published: December 2014

X‐ray crystal structures of two [(diphosphine)Au2Cl2] complexes (in which diphosphine=P‐Phos and xylyl‐P‐Phos; P‐Phos=[2,2′,6,6′‐Tetramethoxy‐4,4′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐3,3′‐bipyridine]) were determined and compared to the reported structures of similar atropisomeric gold complexes. Correlations between the Au⋅⋅⋅Au distances and torsional angles for the biaryl series of ligands (MeOBIPHEP, SEGPhos, and P‐Phos; BIPHEP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐biphenyl, SEGPhos=[(4,4′‐bi‐1,3‐benzodioxole)‐5,5′‐diyl]bis[diphenylphosphine]) can be made; these measurements appear to be very dependent upon the phosphorous substituent. Conversely, the same effect was not observed for ligands based on the binaphthyl (BINAP) series. The catalytic activity of these complexes was subsequently assessed in the enantioselective cycloisomerisation of 1,6‐enynes and revealed an over‐riding electronic effect: more‐electron‐rich phosphines promote greater enantioselectivity. The possibility of silver acting as a (co‐)catalyst was ruled out in these reactions.
The Effect of the Spacer of Bis(biurea) Ligands on the Structure of A2L3‐type (A=anion) Phosphate Complexes
Authors: Wu Biao , Li Shaoguang , Lei Yibo , Hu Huaiming , de Sousa Amadeu Nader , Janiak Christoph , Mathieson Jennifer S. , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy , Yang Xiao‐Juan
Published: December 2014

By tuning the length and rigidity of the spacer of bis(biurea) ligands L, three structural motifs of the A2L3 complexes (A represents anion, here orthophosphate PO43−), namely helicate, mesocate, and mono‐bridged motif, have been assembled by coordination of the ligand to phosphate anion. Crystal structure analysis indicated that in the three complexes, each of the phosphate ions is coordinated by twelve hydrogen bonds from six surrounding urea groups. The anion coordination properties in solution have also been studied. The results further demonstrate the coordination behavior of phosphate ion, which shows strong tendency for coordination saturation and geometrical preference, thus allowing for the assembly of novel anion coordination‐based structures as in transition‐metal complexes.
Strongly Phosphorescent Neutral Rhenium(I) Isocyanoborato Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical, Electrochemical, and Computational Studies
Authors: Chu Wing‐Kin , Wei Xi‐Guang , Yiu Shek‐Man , Ko Chi‐Chiu , Lau Kai‐Chung
Published: December 2014

A new series of neutral isocyanoborato rhenium(I) diimine complexes [Re(CO)3(N^N)(CNBR3)], where N^N=bpy, 4,4′‐Me2bpy, phen, 4,7‐Me2phen, 2,9‐Me2phen, 3,4,7,8‐Me4phen; R=C6F5, C6H5, Cl, 4‐ClC6H4, 3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3, with various isocyanoborate and diimine ligands of diverse electronic and steric nature have been synthesized and characterized. The X‐ray crystal structures of six complexes have also been determined. These complexes displayed intense bluish green to yellow phosphorescence at room temperature in dichloromethane solution. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes had been investigated. To elucidate the electronic structures and transitions of these complexes, DFT and TD‐DFT calculations have been performed, which revealed that the lowest‐energy electronic transition associated with these complexes originates from a mixture of MLCT [dπ(Re)→π*(N^N)] and LLCT [π(CNBR3)→π*(N^N)] transitions.
Growth of Hydrophilic CuS Nanowires via DNA‐Mediated Self‐Assembly Process and Their Use in Fabricating Smart Hybrid Films for Adjustable Chemical Release
Authors: Zhou Li , Li Wei , Chen Zhaowei , Ju Enguo , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: December 2014

Facile growth of CuS nanowires through self‐assembly and their application as building blocks for near‐infrared light‐responsive functional films have been demonstrated. It is found that DNA is a key factor in preparing the CuS material with defined nanostructure. An exclusive oriented self‐aggregate growth mechanism is proposed for the growth of the nanowires, which might have important implications for preparing advanced, sophisticated nanostructures based on DNA nanotechnology. By employing the hydrophilic CuS nanowire as an optical absorber and thermosensitive nanogel as guest reservoir inside alginate film, a new platform for the release of functional molecules has been set up. In vitro studies have shown that the hybrid film possesses excellent biocompatibility and the release rate of chemical molecules from the film could be controlled with high spatial and temporal precision. Our novel approach and the resulting outstanding combination of properties may advance both the fields of DNA nanotechnology and light‐responsive devices.
Sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides as a New Class of Nonnatural Helical Foldamer
Authors: Wu Haifan , Qiao Qiao , Hu Yaogang , Teng Peng , Gao Wenyang , Zuo Xiaobing , Wojtas Lukasz , Larsen Randy W. , Ma Shengqian , Cai Jianfeng
Published: December 2014

Foldamers offer an attractive opportunity for the design of novel molecules that mimic the structures and functions of proteins and enzymes including biocatalysis and biomolecular recognition. Herein we report a new class of nonnatural helical sulfono‐γ‐AApeptide foldamers of varying lengths. The crystal structure of the sulfono‐γ‐AApeptide monomer S6 illustrates the intrinsic folding propensity of sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides, which likely originates from the bulkiness of tertiary sulfonamide moiety. The two‐dimensional solution NMR spectroscopy data for the longest sequence S1 demonstrates a 10/16 right‐handed helical structure. Optical analysis using circular dichroism further supports well‐ defined helical conformation of sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides in solution containing as few as five building blocks. Future development of sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides may lead to new foldamers with discrete functions, enabling expanded application in chemical biology and biomedical sciences.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Hyperfine and Raman Properties of RE2FeSbO7 Compounds.
Authors: Berndt G. , Silva K. L. , Ivashita F. F. , Paesano A. Jr. , Blanco M. C. , Miner E. V. P. , Carbonio R. E. , Dantas S. M. , Ayala A. P. , Isnard O.
Published: December 2014

Pyrochlores of the Ln2FeSbO7 type (Ln: Y, Pr—Er, Yb) are prepared by ball‐milling of Ln2O3, α‐Fe2O3, and Sb2O5 in the molar ratio of 2:1:1, followed by annealing (1200—1400 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of New Layered Oxyselenides Nd2 (Fe1‐xMnx)2Se2O3.
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhang S. B. , Lu W. J. , Li L. J. , Tan S. G. , Yuan B. , Chen J. , Sun Y. P.
Published: December 2014

Nd2 (Fe1‐xMnx)2Se2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) are prepared by solid state reaction using stoichiometric amounts of Nd2O3, Mn, Fe, and Se (evacuated quartz tubes, 1273 K, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Realization of a Unique Class of Compounds: XY‐Antiferromagnetic Triangular Lattices, KAg2Fe[VO4]2 and RbAg2Fe[VO4]2, with Ferroelectric Ground States.
Authors: Amuneke Ngozi E. , Tapp Joshua , de la Cruz Clarina R. , Moeller Angela
Published: December 2014

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction of M2CO3 (M: K, Rb), AgVO3, and Fe2O3 (773 K, 3 d) and characterized by XRD, powder neutron diffraction, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquidus Surface Projection for the CaTe—In—Te Quasi‐Ternary System.
Authors: Yagubov N. I. , Aliyev Imir , Veliyev Ceyran , Kul Ali Riza
Published: December 2014

The CaTe‐In‐Te quasi‐ternary system is studied by differential‐thermal analysis, powder XRD, microstructure examination, as well as microhardness and density measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Mitigation of First‐Cycle Anode Irreversibility in a New Spinel/FeSb Lithium‐Ion Cell Enabled via a Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Lithiation Process.
Authors: Moorhead‐Rosenberg Zachary , Allcorn Eric , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: December 2014

Using a microwave‐assisted chemical lithiation technique, lithium is inserted into the 4 V Li1.05Ni0.05Mn1.9O4 and 5 V LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel host structures by heating mixtures of the spinel, LiOH·H2O, and tetraethylene glycol in a microwave synthesis reactor to 200 or 190 °C for the 5 and 4 V spinels, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Addition of Malononitrile to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by RuCl2[(R,R)‐DPEN](PPh3)2 as the Precatalyst.
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Ma Yaping , Xing Zhikui , Tang Ning , Zhu Jin , Deng Jingen
Published: December 2014

A novel catalytic system for the asymmetric Michael addition of malononitrile to acyclic enones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Rearrangement of α‐Amino Acid Amide Derivatives of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles.
Authors: Pelletier Jeffrey C. , Velvadapu Venkata , McDonnell Mark E. , Wrobel Jay E. , Reitz Allen B.
Published: December 2014

leading to symmetrical bisulfides
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Alkali Metal Bromides as Bromide Catalysts: Experimental Study of the Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Moriyama Katsuhiko , Takemura Misato , Togo Hideo
Published: December 2014

The present method provides a broad range of carbonyl compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids, and Imines Catalyzed by a Ag‐NHC Complex.
Authors: Han Lei , Xing Ping , Jiang Biao
Published: December 2014

The mild selective oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohols to aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and imines in high yields catalyzed by Ag‐NHC complexes are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted α‐Halogenation of 2‐Methylquinolines with Tetrabutylammonium Iodide and 1,2‐Dichloroethane (1,2‐Dibromoethane).
Authors: Xie Yuanyuan , Li Lehuan
Published: December 2014

Notable features of the title α‐halogenation reactions are good functional group tolerance, high selectivities, and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfoximine‐Directed Ruthenium‐Catalyzed ortho‐C—H Alkenylation of (Hetero)Arenes: Synthesis of EP3 Receptor Antagonist Analogue.
Authors: Yadav M. Ramu , Rit Raja K. , Shankar Majji , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: December 2014

A scalable chemo‐ and regioselective alkenylation of arenes and heteroarenes with acrylates and α,β‐unsaturated ketones/vinyl sulfone is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Convenient Method for Synthesis of New Aminonaphthoquinones Derived from Lawsone by Catalytic Multicomponent Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Fiorot Rodolfo G. , Allochio Joao F. Filho , Pereira Thieres M. C. , Lacerda Valdemar Jr. , dos Santos Reginaldo B. , Romao Wanderson , Greco Sandro J.
Published: December 2014

Improved reaction conditions are developed for the three component Mannich reaction of lawsone (I) with aldehydes and amines to give new aminonaphthoquinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Cyclophanes via Claisen Rearrangement and Ring‐Closing Metathesis as Key Steps
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Waghule Gopalkrushna T.
Published: December 2014

5 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient C(sp3alkyl)—SCF3 Bond Formations via Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylthiolation of Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Lin Quanfu , Chen Li , Huang Yangjie , Rong Mingguang , Yuan Yaofeng , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: December 2014

The trifluoromethylthiolation of alkyl iodides (I), alkyl bromides (IV), and n‐hexyl tosylate (VII) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Substituted Methylenecyclopropanes by Strain‐Driven Overman Rearrangement of Cyclopropenylmethyl Trichloroacetimidates.
Authors: Howard James K. , Amin Chintan , Lainhart Brendan , Smith Jason A. , Rimington Jack , Hyland Christopher J. T.
Published: December 2014

A one‐pot sequence of imidate formation followed by Overman rearrangement allows for preparation of nitrogen‐substituted methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) from known cyclopropenyl carbinols.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Diels—Alder Reaction/Rearrangement Sequence: Synthesis of Functionalized Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Derivatives and Revision of Their Relative Configuration.
Authors: Liang Demin , Zou Yue , Wang Quanrui , Goeke Andreas
Published: December 2014

A sequential Diels—Alder reaction/rearrangement of 1,3‐dienes with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is developed to form bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Pd/Enamine Catalysis: A Strategy for the C—H/C—H Oxidative Coupling of Allylarenes with Unactivated Ketones.
Authors: Tang Shan , Wu Xudong , Liao Wenqing , Liu Kun , Liu Chao , Luo Sanzhong , Lei Aiwen
Published: December 2014

The first example for achieving C—H/C—H oxidative coupling of unactivated ketones with allylarenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific, Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Allylic Pivalates and Arylboroxines.
Authors: Srinivas Harathi D. , Zhou Qi , Watson Mary P.
Published: December 2014

The use of BnPPh2 as a supporting ligand for the nickel(0) catalyst and NaOMe as a base allows enantiospecific Nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of enantioenriched secondary allylic pivalates and arylboroxines to deliver 1,3‐diaryl allyl products.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Aromatic Tertiary Amines via a Double Petasis—Borono Mannich Reaction of Aromatic Amines, Formaldehyde, and Organoboronic Acids.
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Li Pinzhen , Shen Qiaoying , Song Gonghua
Published: December 2014

A simple protocol for the conversion of various primary amines into tertiary amines via a double Petasis—borono Mannich reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Benzamide Formation. Application to the Synthesis of Moclobemide.
Authors: Bantreil Xavier , Kanfar Nasreddine , Gehin Nicolas , Golliard Ethan , Ohlmann Pauline , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frederic
Published: December 2014

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of moclobemide (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Bromide‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Phenols, Alcohols and Amines Using Sodium Cyanide as C1 Source: A Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Prasad Pragati K , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: December 2014

Application of 1‐bromooctane fails to give a product of carbonylative coupling yielding 1‐cyanooctane instead.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of Bioactive Stilbene Derivatives Applying Design of Experiments to the Heck—Matsuda Reaction.
Authors: Perez Carla Cristina , Pena Jesus Marcelo , Duarte Correia Carlos Roque
Published: December 2014

Optimization of the reaction parameter temperature, solvent, and catalyst loading allows for the development of an improved procedure for the synthesis of title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis of Azetidinone Derivatives: A Versatile Route Towards Electron‐Rich Alkenes, C‐1 Allylation and/or Homologation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Al‐Hamdan Nouf S. , Habib Osama M. , Ibrahim Yehia A. , Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , El‐Dusouqui Osman M. E.
Published: December 2014

Azetidinone and azetidinthione derivatives are transformed into valuable intermediates including electron‐rich Z‐olefins (III) and 4‐pentenal derivatives [e.g. (VII)].
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Activation with Chiral Nucleophilic Catalysts and N‐Haloimides: Enantioselective Iodolactonization of 4‐Arylmethyl‐4‐pentenoic Acids.
Authors: Nakatsuji Hidefumi , Sawamura Yasuhiro , Sakakura Akira , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: December 2014

N‐Chlorophthalimide (NCP) serves as both Lewis acidic activator and iodine oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Assembly of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via a [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Skeletal Rearrangement/Redox Isomerization Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Wang Chunyu , He Xinze , Yao Xiaotong , Zu Liansuo
Published: December 2014

This one‐step operation allows for the efficient assembly of highly substituted pyrrole ring systems from simple starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Synthesis Based on a Modified Koser Reagent.
Authors: Fra Laura , Millan Alba , Souto Jose A. , Muniz Kilian
Published: December 2014

Employing a modified Koser reagent from a sterically congested sulfonic acid and iodosobenzene, indoles are easily accessible via intramolecular amination of the corresponding 2‐vinyl anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unique One‐Pot Reaction via C—C Cleavage from Aminomethylene Benzimidazoles to Access Benzimidazolones with Wide Potentiality.
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Zhen , Cui Sheng‐Feng , Nagarajan Sangaraiah , Rasheed Syed , Cai Gui‐Xin , Zhou Cheng‐He
Published: December 2014

The title reaction avoids the use of strong bases and transition metal catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Copper(II)‐Mediated Bromoamination of Unfunctionalized Olefins: An Efficient Route to N‐Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Liu Gong‐Qing , Ding Zhen‐Ying , Zhang Li , Li Ting‐Ting , Li Lin , Duan Lili , Li Yue‐Ming
Published: December 2014

Whereas the transformation of N‐alkyl or N‐sulfonamido protected substrates proceeds regioselectively, derivatives of carboxylic amides, such as Boc‐, Bz‐ and Fmoc‐N‐protected 4‐pentenamines, furnish mixtures of the corresponding regioisomeric products in almost equal amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines via Ring Expansion of 2‐Allyl‐2H‐azirines.
Authors: Jiang Yaojia , Park Cheol‐Min , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: December 2014

A novel method for the synthesis of highly substituted pyridines by DBU‐mediated ring opening of 2‐allyl‐2H‐azirines in metal‐free condition is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Domino Aza‐Michael—Michael Reaction of o‐N‐Protected Aminophenyl α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Construction of Chiral Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Kim Shinae , Kang Ki‐Tae , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: December 2014

This method proceeds with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities (usually dr <30:1).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Fluoride: The Most Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 4H‐Pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Atar Amol B. , Jeong Yong Seok , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: December 2014

The catalyst is easily recyclable and can be reused at least 3 times without any loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Fragmentation of Bicyclic γ‐Silyloxy‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐diazolactones as an Approach to Ynolides.
Authors: Bayir Ali , Brewer Matthias
Published: December 2014

The presented method gives access to 10 and 11 membered ynolides, which are the smallest reported to date.