bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Client influence in property valuation: a scoping literature review
Authors: Adilieme Chibuikem Michael , Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Lee Chyi Lin
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The property valuation process involves the property valuer expressing expertise in reaction to a client' instruction. However, there are instances where clients, driven by self-interest, impose their will to influence valuers into returning property valuation figures that are not the true reflection of the valuer's assessment. This paper set out to revisit the issue of client influence in property valuation by conducting a scoping review to establish key findings, gaps, implications and solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 21 articles on client influence published from 1997 till date were systematically obtained from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and through citation searching and reviewed through a “Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations (PAGER)” framework. Further analysis and visualisation were performed using VOSviewer software.

Findings

This study found that based on the number of studies, the issue of client influence has received empirical attention, which is few and far between, with financial institutions identified as the major culprits in most of those studies. One core reason for this is the stakes involved in the finance sector, which relies on property valuation for loan disbursement and performance measurement. Furthermore, previous studies have focused on identifying the issue through the lens of the property valuer without giving recourse to the client's perspective on what may drive the issue.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides evidence that the issue of client influence persists, with some elements of bias in the methodology. Furthermore, the solutions proffered have focused on the valuer and have not been tested to ascertain their effectiveness. Future studies can consider examining the issue from the perspective of financial institutions.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first review studies on client influence on property valuation. It is also the first to identify a pattern in client influence studies that points to the issue being perpetuated by financial institutions. Furthermore, it is the first in recent time to reveal how limited study has been conducted in the area as well as the solutions which have neither been tested nor implemented.
A systematic review of hormone treatment for children with gender dysphoria and recommendations for research
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Adolfsson Jan , Höistad Malin , Rydelius Per‐Anders , Kriström Berit , Landén Mikael
Published: April 2023

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects on psychosocial and mental health, cognition, body composition, and metabolic markers of hormone treatment in children with gender dysphoria.

Methods

Systematic review essentially follows PRISMA. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and thirteen other databases until 9 November 2021 for English‐language studies of hormone therapy in children with gender dysphoria. Of 9934 potential studies identified with abstracts reviewed, 195 were assessed in full text, and 24 were relevant.

Results

In 21 studies, adolescents were given gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) treatment. In three studies, cross‐sex hormone treatment (CSHT) was given without previous GnRHa treatment. No randomised controlled trials were identified. The few longitudinal observational studies were hampered by small numbers and high attrition rates. Hence, the long‐term effects of hormone therapy on psychosocial health could not be evaluated. Concerning bone health, GnRHa treatment delays bone maturation and bone mineral density gain, which, however, was found to partially recover during CSHT when studied at age 22 years.

Conclusion

Evidence to assess the effects of hormone treatment on the above fields in children with gender dysphoria is insufficient. To improve future research, we present the GENDHOR checklist, a checklist for studies in gender dysphoria.
Teacher–Student relationship quality as a barometer of teaching and learning effectiveness: Conceptualization and measurement
Authors: Jowett Sophia , Warburton Victoria E. , Beaumont Lee C. , Felton Luke
Published: April 2023

Background

The Teacher–Student relationship (TSR) is instrumental for young children and adolescents' socio‐emotional development and wellbeing as well as academic engagement and progress.

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties, including reliability and factorial, convergent, and predictive validity, of the Teacher–Student Relationship Quality Questionnaire (TSRQ‐Q) with two samples of students.

Sample(s)

Participants were 294 students from secondary schools in the East Midlands and the East of England. Participants were separated into two samples; those who completed the TSRQ‐Q with their physical education teacher in mind (n = 150 students) and those who completed it with their mathematics teacher in mind (n = 144 students).

Method

A multi‐section questionnaire comprised of the TSRQ‐Q and other validated measures was completed on one occasion by students in both samples to assess their perceptions of the quality of the TSR, positive and negative affect, intrinsic motivation, physical self‐concept, enjoyment, and perceived competence.

Results

In both samples, the TSRQ‐Q demonstrated good internal consistency, factorial, convergent, and predictive validity. The quality of the TSR had both direct and indirect effects through positive affect on student outcomes in mathematics and physical education.

Conclusions

The TSRQ‐Q is a valid measure for assessing students' perceptions of the quality of the relationship with their teacher. The conceptual and practical significance of this unique relationship was reflected by its dual pathway effect on a range of student outcomes and via influencing students' positive affect in the classroom.
Early lymphocyte collection for anti‐CD19 CART production improves T‐cell fitness in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Dubnikov Sharon T. , Assayag M. , Avni B. , Kfir‐Erenfeld S. , Lebel E. , Gatt M. E. , Goldschmidt N. , Stepensky P. , Asherie N. , Grisariu S.
Published: April 2023

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeted to the CD19 B‐cell antigen form an approved treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL). However, since this therapy is administered after multiple lines of treatment and exposure to lymphotoxic agents, there is an urgent need to optimize this modality of treatment.

Methods

To circumvent the difficulties of harvesting adequate and optimal T cells from DLBCL patients and improve CART therapy, we suggest an earlier lymphopheresis (i.e. at first relapse, before salvage treatment). We conducted a prospective study and evaluated the potential benefit of an earlier lymphopheresis (early group, n = 22) on the clinical outcome of CD19‐CART infused DLBCL patients, in comparison with standard lymphopheresis (i.e. at second relapse and beyond; standard group, n = 23).

Results

An increased percentage of naïve T cells and increased in vitro T‐cell functionality were observed in the early group. Additionally, these cells exhibit a lower exhaustion profile than T cells collected in the standard group.

Conclusion

While improved T‐cell phenotype and function in the lymphopheresis product did not translate into significantly improved clinical outcomes, a trend towards better overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) was observed. Early lymphopheresis maximizes the potential of salvage therapies, without compromising CAR T‐cell quality.
Development and validation of a nomogram for the prediction of brain metastases in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Weiwei , Ding Can , Sheng Wei , Wan Qiang , Cui Zhengguo , Qi Guiye , Liu Yi
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The aim was to develop and validate a nomogram for the prediction of brain metastases (BM) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), to explore the risk factors and assist clinical decision‐making.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical data of SCLC patients between 2015 and 2021. Patients between 2015 and 2019 were included to develop, whereas patients between 2020 and 2021 were used for external validation. Clinical indices were analysed by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analyses. The final nomogram was constructed and validated by bootstrap resampling.

Results

A total of 631 SCLC patients between 2015 and 2019 were included to construct model. Gender, T stage, N stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), haemoglobin (HGB), the absolute value of lymphocyte (LYMPH #), platelet (PLT), retinol‐binding protein (RBP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) were identified as risk factors and included into the model. The C‐indices were 0.830 and 0.788 in the internal validation by 1000 bootstrap resamples. The calibration plot revealed excellent agreement between the predicted and the actual probability. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed better net benefits with a wider range of threshold probability (net clinical benefit was 1%–58%). The model was further externally validated in patients between 2020 and 2021 with a C‐index of 0.818.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a nomogram to predict the risk of BM in SCLC patients, which could help clinicians to rationally schedule follow‐ups and promptly implement interventions.
Positive donor blood cultures are not associated with worse heart transplant survival
Authors: Siddiqi Umar , Blitzer David , Lirette Seth , Patel Aashka , Hoang Ryan , Mohammed Asim , Copeland Jack , Baran David A. , Copeland Hannah
Published: April 2023

Background

Recent evidence has demonstrated that transplantation of hearts with blood culture positive donors (BCPDs) to pediatric recipients is safe and effective. Few studies have analyzed the effect of BCPD on adult heart transplant recipients.

Methods

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was retrospectively reviewed from September, 1987 to March, 2021. Exclusion criteria included pediatric donors/recipients, donor ejection fraction <10% or >85%, inactive listed recipients, donors missing blood cultures, and recipients missing follow‐up time. Outcomes were compared with fully adjusted logistic models. To account for discrepancies in BCPD and non‐BCPD covariates, an inverse proportionally weighted model with regression adjustment (IPWRA) was used.

Results

A total of 60 592 donors were non‐BCPD, while 4009 were BCPD. 7% of hearts not transplanted were BCPD, while 6% of hearts transplanted were BCPD (p = .001). These rates have been nearly constant since 2005. There were no differences in short term survival between the two groups in the adjusted or IPWRA models (p = .103 and .277, respectively). Additionally, the BCPD group had longer ischemic time (3.24 vs. 3.06 h, p < .001), older donor age (32.73 vs. 31.65 years, p < .001), and older recipient age (52.76 vs. 52.09 years, p = .001). The IPWRA revealed an average additional 3.4 years of overall survival and 2.25 years of graft function for BCPD versus non‐BCPD recipients, although these results failed to reach statistical significance (p = .387 and .527, respectively).

Conclusions

Given the need for more donor hearts, donors with positive blood cultures should be considered. Great care in evaluating such patients is advised to eliminate donors with untreated infections, while carefully selected donors can be considered and used.
Infektionen in der Dermatovenerologie
Authors: Fabri Mario , Stary Georg
Published: April 2023

In der Dermatologie spielen Infektionen durch Bakterien, Viren, Pilze und Parasiten eine wichtige Rolle. Ein großer Teil von Erreger‐bedingten Infektionen der Haut und Schleimhäute wird dabei sexuell übertragen. Alle Bereiche der dermatovenerologischen Infektiologie befinden sich in einem sehr spannenden und dynamischen Wandel. Dieser wird durch Änderungen in der Epidemiologie von altbekannten Erkrankungen, Veränderungen in der Resistenzlage von Pathogenen gegen Antiinfektiva, Wiederkehr von bekannten Erregern sowie dem Auftreten völlig neuer Pathogene angetrieben. In diesem Artikel widmen wir uns mit „Resistenzen gegen Antiinfektiva“, „sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen“ und „aufkommenden viralen Infektionen“ drei Kernthemen der Dermatovenerologie, die den Fachbereich in den nächsten Jahren entscheidend mitgestalten werden.
Entwicklungen und Perspektiven in der Allergologie
Authors: Treudler Regina , Simon Jan‐Christoph
Published: April 2023

Die Allergologie ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der dermatologischen Praxis. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick gegeben zu ausgewählten Entwicklungen auf den Gebieten Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie allergischer Erkrankungen vom Soforttyp.

Die Typ‐2‐Inflammation spielt eine Rolle bei vielen allergischen Erkrankungen wie allergischer Rhinitis und Asthma. Bezüglich der bei diesen Krankheitsbildern therapeutisch wichtigen Allergen‐Immuntherapie (AIT) regelt in Deutschland die Therapieallergeneverordnung den Einsatz von Präparaten. Therapeutisch stehen bereits verschiedene Biologika zur Beeinflussung von Interleukin (IL)‐4, ‐5, ‐13, ‐33 oder TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) zur Verfügung. Im Sinne einer „kollateralen“ Effektivität können gleichzeitig auftretende allergische Erkrankungen heute vielfach durch ein einzelnes Therapeutikum behandelt werden.

Bei Mastzell‐abhängigen Erkrankungen (Urtikaria, Anaphylaxie) hat sich das Verständnis für die Aktivierung über eine Vielzahl neu identifizierter Oberflächenrezeptoren wie MRGPRX2 (mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor‐X2) und Siglec‐8 (Sialinsäure‐bindendes Ig‐ähnliches Lektin‐8) sowie für die intrazelluläre Signaltransduktion verbessert. In Studien werden Medikamente zur Beeinflussung der Oberflächenrezeptoren und auch der intrazellulären Signaltransduktion wie die Bruton‐Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren untersucht. Beim hereditären Angioödem gehen die therapeutischen Entwicklungen in Richtung einer Langzeitprophylaxe mit Kallikrein‐Inhibitoren.

Darüber hinaus werden weitere absehbare Perspektiven für potenzielle Biomarker, neue Therapeutika und Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt.
Lupus erythematosus
Authors: Günther Claudia , Wenzel Jörg
Published: April 2023

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus can manifest with or without systemic involvement resulting in a broad clinical spectrum. Disease pathogenesis is often characterized by a loss of tolerance to endogenous antigens and a chronic relapsing activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Research in recent years has expanded our pathogenic understanding of the disease. However, therapeutic options remain limited. Biologics directed against BLyS or the type I interferon receptor can be used for patients with cutaneous involvement and systemic lupus erythematosus, sometimes with an excellent response.

Clinical trials are difficult to conduct due to the symptomatic variability of the disease. However, as cutaneous manifestations are increasingly recorded as a primary endpoints, we hope that multiple therapeutic targets will lead to better treatment options for SLE in the near future.
Das kutane Plattenepithelkarzinom: Aktueller Stand, Perspektiven und offene Fragen
Authors: Heppt Markus V. , Leiter Ulrike
Published: April 2023

Das Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEK) der Haut ist eine der häufigsten Krebsarten in hellhäutigen Bevölkerungsgruppen und umfasst 20% aller Hauttumoren. Seit 2019 liegt eine S3‐Leitlinie des deutschen Leitlinienprogramms Onkologie vor, die 2022 aktualisiert wurde. Die Diagnose des PEK basiert auf der klinischen Untersuchung. Exzision und histologische Sicherung sind bei allen klinisch verdächtigen Läsionen erforderlich, um eine prognostische Einschätzung und korrekte Behandlung zu ermöglichen. Die Therapie der ersten Wahl ist die vollständige Exzision mit histologischer Schnittrandkontrolle. Bei kutanen PEK mit Risikofaktoren wie einer Tumordicke > 6 mm kann eine Sentinel‐Lymphknotenbiopsie durchgeführt werden, derzeit gibt es aber keine klare Evidenz bezüglich ihrer prognostischen und therapeutischen Bedeutung. Eine adjuvante Radiatio kann bei hohem Rezidivrisiko erwogen werden. Bei fortgeschrittenem PEK ist der Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitor Cemiplimab zugelassen und stellt die Therapie der ersten Wahl dar. Bei Kontraindikationen können Chemotherapeutika, EGFR‐Inhibitoren oder eine palliative Radiatio eingesetzt werden. Die Nachsorge sollte risikoadaptiert stattfinden und schließt eine dermatologische Kontrolle ergänzt um Ultraschalluntersuchungen bei Hochrisikopatienten ein. Ein hoher Forschungsbedarf besteht weiterhin für Organtransplantierte, bei hämatologischen Begleiterkrankungen und für Tumoren, die eine primäre oder erworbene Resistenz gegenüber Immuntherapien zeigen. Aktuelle Entwicklungen umfassen neue Kombinationen, intraläsionale Therapien allein oder in Kombination mit Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitoren sowie neoadjuvante Ansätze.
A giant ascending aortic aneurysm associated with a ruptured sinus of valsalva into the right atrium: Role of multimodality imaging
Authors: Zhang Ziming , Zhao Yang , Li He , Sun Zhenxing , Dai Meng , Xie Mingxing , Zhang Li
Published: April 2023

A giant ascending aortic aneurysm associated with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva is rare. A 53‐year‐old male patient successfully underwent Bentall procedure after multimodality imaging which enable the correct diagnosis to be established and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography provides additional information on the surgical planning.
Melanic morphs of Bactrocera dorsalis possess distinct developmental time, weight, and wing size and shape
Authors: Mwando Nelson L. , Baleba Steve B. S. , Ndlela Shepard , Mohamed Samira A.
Published: April 2023

The scutum of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), shows a high degree of variability in its colouration, which goes from black to red‐brown. Such variation depicts different levels of melanin production in these individuals. In insects, melanization can have an effect on their fitness parameters, which could consequently impact the insect's adaptive responses. Here, we asked whether the progeny produced by B. dorsalis individuals with different scutum colouration (melanic morphs) would differ in their developmental time, weight, and wing size and shape. To address this, we followed eggs produced by each B. dorsalis melanic morph by recording their pupation time, emergence time, and larval (second instar), pupal, and adult weights. Also, using landmark‐based geometric morphometric analysis, we assessed the variation in wing size and shape of the adults obtained from each parental melanic morphs of B. dorsalis. We found that larvae produced by adults with the darkest scutum exhibited faster development and weighed more than those produced by adults with brown scutum. At the adult stage, individuals from parents with darker and brown scutum had a reduced weight and wing size (length, width, area, and centroid size) than those from parents with moderate melanin production. We also found significant wing shape variation across the four melanic morphs. Our study suggests that melanisation in the scutum of B. dorsalis has a fitness gain in the preimaginal stages of this fly. In the adult stage, however, the amount of melanin in the scutum has a fitness cost. This suggests that in B. dorsalis, there is a potential trade‐off between melanin production and fitness parameters, which could have implications for adaptive responses such as thermoregulation, flight, and dispersal, and consequently for its management.
Climate change threats to the global functional diversity of freshwater fish
Authors: Scherer Laura , Boom Hidde A. , Barbarossa Valerio , van Bodegom Peter M.
Published: April 2023

Climate change impacts on freshwater ecosystems and freshwater biodiversity show strong spatial variability, highlighting the importance of a global perspective. While previous studies on biodiversity mostly focused on species richness, functional diversity, which is a better predictor of ecosystem functioning, has received much less attention. This study aims to comprehensively assess climate change threats to the functional diversity of freshwater fish across the world, considering three complementary metrics—functional richness, evenness and divergence. We built on existing spatially explicit projections of geographical ranges for 11,425 riverine fish species as affected by changes in streamflow and water temperature extremes at four warming levels (1.5°C, 2.0°C, 3.2°C and 4.5°C). To estimate functional diversity, we considered the following four continuous, morphological and physiological traits: relative head length, relative body depth, trophic level and relative growth rate. Together, these traits cover five ecological functions. We treated missing trait values in two different ways: we either removed species with missing trait values or imputed them. Depending on the warming level, 6%–25% of the locations globally face a complete loss of functional diversity when assuming no dispersal (6%–17% when assuming maximal dispersal), with hotspots in the Amazon and Paraná River basins. The three facets of functional diversity do not always follow the same pattern. Sometimes, functional richness is not yet affected despite species loss, while functional evenness and divergence are already reducing. Other times, functional richness reduces, while functional evenness and/or divergence increase instead. The contrasting patterns of the three facets of functional diversity show their complementarity among each other and their added value compared to species richness. With increasing climate change, impacts on freshwater communities accelerate, making early mitigation critically important.
The resilience of ecosystems to drought
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Li Xiaoyu
Published: April 2023

In this commentary, we summarize the contributions of Yao et al. in the study of resilience of ecosystems to drought and point out future research directions that need further attention.
Spectrum of kinase gene rearrangements in a large series of paediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours
Authors: Preobrazhenskaya Elena V , Suleymanova Amina M , Bizin Ilya V , Zagrebin Fyodor A , Romanko Alexandr A , Saitova Evgeniya S , Mulkidzhan Rimma S , Imyanitov Evgeny N
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs), being an exceptionally rare category of paediatric neoplasms, often contain druggable gene rearrangements involving tyrosine kinases.

Methods and results

This study presents a large consecutive series of IMTs which were analysed for the presence of translocations by the PCR test for 5′/3′‐end ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 unbalanced expression, variant‐specific PCR for 47 common gene fusions and NGS TruSight RNA fusion panel. Kinase gene rearrangements were detected in 71 of 82 (87%) IMTs (ALK: n = 47; ROS1: n = 20; NTRK3: n = 3; PDGFRb: n = 1). The test for unbalanced expression had 100% reliability in identifying tumours with ALK fusions, but failed to reveal ROS1 rearrangements in eight of 20 (40%) ROS1‐driven IMTs; however, ROS1 alterations were detectable by variant‐specific PCR in 19 of 20 (95%) cases. ALK rearrangements were particularly common in patients below 1 year of age (10 of 11 (91%) versus 37 of 71 (52%), P = 0.039). ROS1 fusions occurred more often in lung IMTs than in tumours of other organs (14 of 35 (40%) versus six of 47 (13%), P = 0.007). Among 11 IMTs with no kinase gene rearrangement identified, one tumour demonstrated ALK activation via gene amplification and overexpression, and another neoplasm carried COL1A1::USP6 translocation.

Conclusions

PCR‐based pipeline provides a highly efficient and non‐expensive alternative for molecular testing of IMTs. IMTs with no detectable rearrangements need further studies.
PD‐L1andHLA‐class I expression status and their therapeutic implication in oesophageal small‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Abe Hiroyuki , Yamashita Hiroharu , Yagi Koichi , Seto Yasuyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo
Published: April 2023

Aims

Oesophageal small‐cell carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of oesophageal cancer with a dismal prognosis. To explore the potential applicability of immunotherapy, we investigated the expression status of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐class I and the degree of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in oesophageal small‐cell carcinoma.

Methods and results

PD‐L1 and HLA‐class I expression levels were evaluated in 10 pure small‐cell carcinomas and five mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs). The combined positive score (CPS) and tumour proportion score (TPS) were used for PD‐L1 assessment. Immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins was also performed. PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry demonstrated CPS ≥1 in nine (60%), CPS ≥10 in five (33%), and TPS ≥1 in five (33%) cases. Overall survival was significantly longer in patients with CPS ≥1 than in those with CPS <1. HLA‐class I deficiency (>50% tumour cells) was noted in five cases (33%), with no significant correlation with PD‐L1 expression status. Among the five MiNENs, HLA‐class I expression was decreased in the small‐cell carcinoma component of three cases. HLA‐class I deficiency was significantly associated with higher TNM stage and reduced TIL levels. MMR deficiency was not observed in any case.

Conclusion

Given that a significant subset (40%) exhibited PD‐L1 CPS ≥1 with preserved HLA‐class I expression and high levels of TIL, the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for oesophageal small‐cell carcinoma.
Metastatic solid tumours to the penis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 109 cases from an international collaboration
Authors: Nova‐Camacho Luiz M. , Collins Katrina , Trpkov Kiril , Acosta Andres M. , Sangoi Ankur R. , Akgul Mahmut , Chou Angela , Polonia Antonio , Rodrigues Ângelo , Yilmaz Asli , Perez‐Montiel Delia , Maclean Fiona , Queipo Gutiérrez Francisco Javier , Contreras Félix , Wu Howard H. , Alvarado‐Cabrero Isabel , de Torres Inés , Ruiz Irune , Lobo João , Prendeville Susan , Manrique Celada Manuel , Cheng Liang , Galea Laurence A. , Hwang Michael , Aron Manju , García‐Martos María , Zalles Nicole , Raspollini Maria Rosaria , Williamson Sean R. , Ulbright Thomas M. , Panizo Angel
Published: April 2023

Aims

To elucidate the spectrum of metastatic tumours to the penis and their clinicopathologic features.

Methods

The databases and files of 22 pathology departments from eight countries on three continents were queried to identify metastatic solid tumours of the penis and to characterize their clinical and pathologic features.

Results

We compiled a series of 109 cases of metastatic solid tumours that secondarily involved the penis. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 71 years (range, 7–94 years). Clinical presentation commonly included a penile nodule/mass (48/95; 51%) and localised pain (14/95; 15%). A prior history of malignancy was known in 92/104 (89%) patients. Diagnosis was made mainly on biopsy (82/109; 75%), or penectomy (21/109; 19%) specimens. The most common penile locations were the glans (45/98; 46%) and corpus cavernosum (39/98; 39%). The most frequent histologic type was adenocarcinoma (56%). Most primary carcinomas originated in the genitourinary (76/108; 70%) and gastrointestinal (20/108; 18%) tracts, including prostate (38/108; 35%), urinary bladder (27/108; 25%), and colon/rectum (18/108; 17%). Concurrent or prior extrapenile metastases were identified in 50/78 (64%) patients. Clinical follow‐up (mean 22 months, range 0–171 months) was available for 87/109 (80%) patients, of whom 46 (53%) died of disease.

Conclusion

This is the largest study to date of metastatic solid tumours secondarily involving the penis. The most frequent primaries originated from the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Metastatic penile tumours usually presented with penile nodules/masses and pain, and they often occurred in the setting of advanced metastatic disease, portending poor clinical outcomes.
MIP formulations for induced graph optimization problems: a tutorial
Authors: Melo Rafael A. , Ribeiro Celso C.
Published: April 2023

Given a graph and a subset of its vertices , the subgraph induced by in G is that with vertex set and edge set formed by all the edges in E linking two vertices in . Mixed integer programming (MIP) approaches are among the most successful techniques for solving induced graph optimization problems, that is, those related to obtaining maximum or minimum (weighted or not) induced subgraphs with certain properties. In this tutorial, we provide a literature review of some of these problems. Furthermore, we illustrate the use of MIP formulations and techniques for solving combinatorial optimization problems involving induced graphs. We focus on compact formulations and those with an exponential number of constraints that can be effectively solved using branch‐and‐cut procedures. More specifically, we revisit applications of their use for problems of finding induced forests (which correspond to the complement of feedback vertex sets), trees, paths, as well as quasi‐clique partitionings.
Association of external interruptions with increased medication administration duration and self‐interruptions: A direct observational study: Empirical research quantitative
Authors: Schroers Ginger , Tell Dina , O'Rourke Jenny
Published: April 2023

Aims

To examine task duration and frequency of self‐interruptions among study participants during externally interrupted compared with externally uninterrupted simulated medication administration.

Background

Interruptions are prevalent during nursing medication administration and can lead to inefficient, delayed, omitted and unsafe patient care. Interrupted nursing tasks are shown to take longer to complete compared to uninterrupted tasks; however, studies seldom indicate if the time spent in the interruption was included or excluded in the reported task duration. It is unknown if the time spent in the interruption leads to longer task completion times or if other factors, such as the time needed to re‐engage in the primary task and/or self‐interruptions, are involved. Little is known about associations between external interruptions and self‐interruptions during nursing tasks. Self‐interruptions are caused by an individual's own decision to stop an activity to attend to something else.

Design

Cross‐sectional within‐subjects design.

Methods

This two‐site study investigated task duration and frequencies of self‐interruptions during externally interrupted and externally uninterrupted simulated medication administration. Data on medication administration duration, external interruption duration and self‐interruptions were collected via direct observation from November 2019–February 2020. The time spent in the external interruption was deducted from the medication administration duration.

Results

Thirty‐five participants were included in the study. The externally interrupted task had a significantly longer duration and significantly more frequent self‐interruptions within‐subjects compared to the externally uninterrupted task. Self‐interruptions were most often due to forgotten supplies.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the time needed to re‐engage with an externally interrupted task and/or self‐interruptions may lead to longer task completion times.

Impact

Researchers are encouraged to investigate mediators of interruptions that lead to longer task completion times and errors. Findings can be used to develop and implement interruption management strategies that aim to improve the safety and quality of patient care.

Reporting Method

Equator guidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method.

Patient/Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement in this study.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Educators and researchers can use the study findings to guide teaching methods and direct future studies. By gaining a better understanding of the mediators of interruptions that create longer task completion times and increase the risk for errors, tailored interruption management strategies that aim to improve the safety and quality of healthcare can be developed and implemented.
The optimality of public–private partnerships under financial and fiscal constraints
Authors: Buso Marco , Greco Luciano
Published: April 2023

The government may delegate two sequential tasks (e.g., building and operating an infrastructure) to the same or different agents (i.e., partnership vs. sequential contracts). Agents are risk‐neutral but face financial constraints, whereas the government's contractual capacity may be limited by the renegotiation‐proofness and fiscal constraints. By relying on history‐dependent incentives, the partnership contract corrects moral hazard more effectively than sequential contracts. Thus, it is socially preferred unless bundling different tasks deteriorates the agent's financial conditions. Our results shed new light on the role of firms' financial and government's fiscal conditions in driving the cost–benefit analysis of public–private partnerships.
Local food procurement by hospitals: a scoping review
Authors: Faulkner Kathy , Collins Jorja , Gilbertson Heather R. , Porter Judi
Published: April 2023

Background

Local food procurement by hospitals is gaining traction as governments and advocacy groups seek to influence food systems and strengthen local communities, but there is little empirical evidence as to its practical application or efficacy. The aims of this review were to describe the extent, range and nature of local food procurement models in healthcare foodservices, and to understand the barriers and enablers to implementation, including from the perspective of stakeholders across the supply chain.

Method

A scoping review was conducted following the protocol published in the Open Science Framework Registration (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/T3AX2). Five electronic databases were searched for the following concepts: ‘hospital foodservice’, ‘local food procurement practices’, ‘the extent, range and nature’ and/or ‘the barriers and enablers of procurement’. Eligible peer‐reviewed original research published in English from the year 2000 was included following a two‐step selection process.

Results

The final library included nine studies. Most studies (7 of 9) were from the United States. Three studies used survey methods and reported high rates (58%–91%) of US hospital participation in local food procurement. Studies offered minimal description of local procurement models, but two models, conventional (‘on‐contract’) or off‐contract, were typically used. Barriers to local food procurement included restricted access to suitable local food supply, limited kitchen resources and inadequate technology to trace local food purchase thereby limiting evaluation capabilities. Enablers included organisational support, passionate champions and opportunistic, incremental change.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of peer‐reviewed studies describing local food procurement by hospitals. Details of local food procurement models were generally lacking: categorisable as either purchases made ‘on‐contract’ via conventional means or ‘off‐contract’. If hospital foodservices are to increase their local food procurement, they require access to a suitable, reliable and traceable supply, that acknowledges their complexity and budgetary constraints.
Perception, understanding, and association between psychological stress and skin aging: Quantitative surveys of Asian women aged 18–34 years, dermatologists, and psychologists in China and Japan
Authors: Anwar Siti S. , Apolinar Mary Anne , Ma Li
Published: April 2023

Background

Skin aging involves a variety of structural and functional changes, under the influence of various factors. Preaging skin is a relatively new concept describing self‐perceived signs of skin aging that appear in the early 20s–30s and may be triggered by psychological stress. However, it is unclear how young women and healthcare professionals (HCP) understand the association between stress and skin aging.

Aims

We sought to explore the perceptions of stress‐related skin aging among young women and HCPs.

Methods

We performed online surveys of 403 young women (18–34 years), 60 dermatologists, and 60 psychologists residing in major cities in China and Japan. Questions covered skin signs, understanding/perceptions of stress–aging connection, and demographics. Young women also completed DASS‐21 to assess their stress level, which was dichotomized as normal or mild–extremely severe.

Results

The stress level was normal in 52.6% or mild–extremely severe in 47.4% of young women. Greater proportions of women in the mild–extremely severe stress group reported skin manifestations associated with preaging, the top three being “rough skin” (39.3% vs. 24.1%), “slow metabolic rate” (28.8% vs. 14.2%), and “dull skin” (43.5% vs. 29.2%). The top three skin manifestations showing the strongest perceived associations with stress were: “dark eye circles,” “slow metabolic rate,” and “dull skin” (among young women); “acne,” “dry skin,” and “skin rash” (among HCPs).

Conclusions

Young women frequently report high levels of psychological stress and signs of skin aging. Perceptions of stress–skin aging association differ between young women and HCPs.
Family participation in essential care activities in adult intensive care units: An integrative review of interventions and outcomes
Authors: Dijkstra Boukje M. , Felten‐Barentsz Karin M. , van der Valk Margriet J. M. , Pelgrim Thomas , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Ebben Remco H. A. , Vloet Lilian C. M.
Published: April 2023

Aims and Objectives

To systematically review interventions and outcomes regarding family participation in essential care in adult intensive care units.

Background

Patients and relatives may benefit from family participation in essential care activities.

Design

An integrative literature review.

Methods

The following databases were systematically searched from inception to January 25, 2021: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science and reference lists of included articles. Studies were included when reporting on family participation in essential care activities in intensive care including interventions and outcomes. Quality of the studies was assessed with the Kmet Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Interventions were assessed, using the TIDieR framework. Data were extracted and synthesised narratively.

Results

A total of 6698 records were screened, and 322 full‐text studies were assessed. Seven studies were included, describing an intervention to support family participation. Four studies had a pretest‐posttest design, two were pilot feasibility studies and one was observational. The quality of the studies was poor to good, with Kmet‐scores: 0.50–0.86 (possible score: 0–1, 1 being the highest). Five studies offered various essential care activities. One study provided sufficient intervention detail. Outcome measures among relatives varied from mental health symptoms to satisfaction, supportiveness, comfort level and experience. Two studies measured patient outcomes: delirium and pressure ulcers. Among ICU healthcare providers, perception, comfort level and experience were assessed. Since outcome measures varied, only narrative synthesis was possible. Family participation is associated with a reduction of anxiety and PTSD symptoms.

Conclusion

Intervention descriptions of family participation in essential care activities are generally inadequate and do not allow comparison and replication. Participation of relatives was associated with a significant reduction in mental health symptoms. Other outcome measures varied, therefore, the use of additional outcome measures with validated measurement instruments should be considered.

Relevance to clinical practice

The review contributed further insight into interventions aiming at family participation in essential care activities in the intensive care unit and their outcomes.

No patient or public contribution

Neither patients nor public were involved.
Neuroimaging mimics of anoxic brain injury: A review
Authors: Mason Sharma Alexandre , Birnhak Alana , Sanborn Emma , Bhana Nikhil , Kazmi Khuram , Thon Jesse M. , Thon Olga R. , Siegler James E.
Published: April 2023

Diffuse cortical diffusion changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are characteristically ascribed to global cerebral anoxia, typically after cardiac arrest. Far from being pathognomonic, however, this neuroimaging finding is relatively nonspecific, and can manifest in a myriad of disease states including hypoxia, metabolic derangements, infections, seizure, toxic exposures, and neuroinflammation. While these various conditions can all produce a neuroimaging pattern of widespread cortical diffusion restriction, many of these underlying causes do have subtly unique imaging features that are appreciable on MRI and can be of clinical and diagnostic utility. Specific populations of neurons are variably sensitive to certain types of injury, whether due to differences in perfusion, receptor type density, or the unique tropisms of infectious organisms. In this narrative review, we discuss a number of distinct etiologies of diffuse cortical diffusion restriction on MRI, the unique pathophysiologies responsible for tissue injury, and the resulting neuroimaging characteristics that can be of assistance in differentiating them. As widespread cortical injury from any cause often presents with altered mental status or coma, the differential diagnosis can be enhanced with rapid acquisition of MRI when clinical history or detailed physical examination is limited. In such settings, the distinct imaging features discussed in this article are of interest to both the clinician and the radiologist.
Molecular detection of resistance‐breaking strain Cucumber mosaic virus (rbCMV) (Cucumovirus; Bromoviridae) on resistant commercial pepper cultivars in Turkey
Authors: Fidan Hakan , Yildiz Kübra , Sarikaya Pelin
Published: April 2023

The cultivation of pepper (Capsicum annuum), a significant crop worldwide, is severely affected by a number of viral agents. In Antalya province, it was observed that pepper varieties possessing the cmr1 allele that provides resistance against CMV‐P0 isolate of CMV were affected in 2019 and 2020. Typical symptoms of CMV are emerging at an alarming rate in resistant pepper plants. Afterward, virus mechanical inoculation was carried out under controlled conditions on the five commercial resistant and susceptible varieties. The success of the inoculation studies was determined by RT‐PCR using CMV CPG‐specific primers. All commercial varieties carrying the resistance cmr1 gene showed disease symptoms. For complete genome analysis, RNA from a pepper plant carrying the cmr1 gene was sequenced using Illumina‐HiSeq 2000. BLAST analyses of the obtained complete genome sequence were carried out. The breaking (CMV‐P1) and non‐breaking isolates (CMV‐P0), which were previously described in conducted studies, were analysed and aligned for SNPs. SNP mutations in these nucleotide regions were similar to resistance‐breaking and completely different from non‐breaking isolates. Our study results revealed that the CMV‐P1 isolate obtained from pepper samples carrying cmr1 resistance has been shown to be able to overcome both field and laboratory conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of resistance‐breaking CMV‐P1 strain on pepper varieties in Turkey.
Impact of different dietary fibre sources on production performance, bacterial composition and metabolites in the caecal contents of rabbits
Authors: Liu Gongyan , Sun Haitao , Liu Ce , Bai Liya , Yang Liping , Jiang Wenxue , Gao Shuxia
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary fibre sources on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, caecal fermentation and bacterial composition in the caecal contents of rabbits. A total of 120 35‐day‐old weaned Minxinan black rabbits were divided into three groups and fed a diet composed of peanut straw powder (Group A), alfalfa powder (Group B) and soybean straw powder (Group C) as the main fibre source. The final body weight and average daily gain in Group B were higher than those in Group C, and the average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio in Group A were lower than those in Group C (p < 0.05). The relative weights of the stomach, small intestine and caecum of rabbits in Group C were higher than those in Groups of B and A, and the relative weights of the caecal contents in Group C were lower than those in Groups A or B (p < 0.05). The pH value and propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid concentrations in the caecum of Group C were lower than those in the caecum of Groups A or B, and the concentration of acetic acid in the caecum was lower (p < 0.05). The dominant microbes in the caecal contents of Minxinan black rabbits were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level, and the number of species, Chao1 index and ACE index measured was different between the B–C and A–C groups (p < 0.05). Different dietary fibre sources could affect the growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development and intestinal microbiota of rabbits, and the nutritional value of alfalfa powder was better than that of peanut straw and soybean straw.
Molecular analyses of turf algae reveal a new species and an undetected introduction in the Pterosiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Díaz‐Tapia Pilar , Nelson Wendy A. , Verbruggen Heroen
Published: April 2023

Introduced seaweeds and undescribed species often remain undetected because marine regional floras are as yet poorly understood. DNA sequencing facilitates their detection, but databases are incomplete, so their improvement will continue to lead the discovery of these species. Here we aim to clarify the taxonomy of two turf‐forming red algal Australian species that morphologically resemble the European Aphanocladia stichidiosa. We also aim to elucidate whether either of these species could have been introduced in Europe or Australia. We studied their morphology, analyzed 17 rbcL sequences of European and Australian specimens, examined their generic assignment using a phylogeny based on 24 plastid genomes, and investigated their biogeography using a taxon‐rich phylogeny including 52 rbcL sequences of species in the Pterosiphonieae. The rbcL sequences of one of the Australian species were identical to A. stichidiosa from Europe, considerably expanding its known distribution. Unexpectedly, our phylogenetic analyses resolved this species in the Lophurella clade rather than in Aphanocladia and the new combination L. stichidiosa is proposed. The other Australian species is described as L. pseudocorticata sp. nov. Although L. stichidiosa was originally described in the Mediterranean ca. 70 years ago, our phylogenetic analyses placed it in a lineage restricted to the southern hemisphere, showing that it is native to Australia and introduced to Europe. This study confirms that further work using molecular tools is needed to characterize seaweed diversity, especially among the poorly explored algal turfs, and showcases the usefulness of phylogenetic approaches to uncover introduced species and to determine their native ranges.