bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS OF SOLAR MAGNETIC FLUX ROPES USING IRON FORBIDDEN LINE
Authors: Cheng X. , Ding M. D.
Published: May 2016

In this Letter, we present Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph Fe xxi 1354.08 Å forbidden line emission of two magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) that caused two fast coronal mass ejections with velocities of ≥1000 km s−1 and strong flares (X1.6 and M6.5) on 2014 September 10 and 2015 June 22, respectively. The extreme-ultraviolet images at the 131 and 94 Å passbands provided by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board Solar Dynamics Observatory reveal that both MFRs initially appear as suspended hot channel-like structures. Interestingly, part of the MFRs is also visible in the Fe xxi 1354.08 forbidden line, even prior to the eruption, e.g., for the SOL2014-09-10 event. However, the line emission is very weak and that only appears at a few locations but not the whole structure of the MFRs. This implies that the MFRs could be comprised of different threads with different temperatures and densities, based on the fact that the formation of the Fe xxi forbidden line requires a critical temperature (∼11.5 MK) and density. Moreover, the line shows a non-thermal broadening and a blueshift in the early phase. It suggests that magnetic reconnection at that time has initiated; it not only heats the MFR and, at the same time, produces a non-thermal broadening of the Fe xxi line but also produces the poloidal flux, leading to the ascension of the MFRs.
AN ANALYSIS OF INTERPLANETARY SOLAR RADIO EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A CORONAL MASS EJECTION
Authors: Krupar V. , Eastwood J. P. , Kruparova O. , Santolik O. , Soucek J. , Magdalenić J. , Vourlidas A. , Maksimovic M. , Bonnin X. , Bothmer V. , Mrotzek N. , Pluta A. , Barnes D. , Davies J. A. , Oliveros J. C. Martínez , Bale S. D.
Published: May 2016

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale eruptions of magnetized plasma that may cause severe geomagnetic storms if Earth directed. Here, we report a rare instance with comprehensive in situ and remote sensing observations of a CME combining white-light, radio, and plasma measurements from four different vantage points. For the first time, we have successfully applied a radio direction-finding technique to an interplanetary type II burst detected by two identical widely separated radio receivers. The derived locations of the type II and type III bursts are in general agreement with the white-light CME reconstruction. We find that the radio emission arises from the flanks of the CME and are most likely associated with the CME-driven shock. Our work demonstrates the complementarity between radio triangulation and 3D reconstruction techniques for space weather applications.
Mémoire et oubli des institutions associatives : micro-analyse de réseaux coopératifs dans la Grèce de l’entre-deux-guerres et politique centrale
Authors: Brégianni Catherine , Antoniou Antonis
Published: May 2016

L’article vise à examiner la prolifération des réseaux coopératifs dans la Grèce rurale de l’entre-deux-guerres via l’analyse du cas thessalien. Son objectif principal est de souligner les enjeux des acteurs, le poids des traditions et des blocages sociaux. On examine donc les variables du changement rural dans la Grèce au lendemain de la première guerre mondiale, en utilisant la microanalyse de ces réseaux thessaliens locaux. Cette étude démontre le rôle primordial et impératif de l’État en ce qui concerne la régularisation de l’économie agraire et l’influence de cette intervention à l’échelle régionale, reposant sur une exploitation d’archives locales.
Implication du mineur dans le trafic de cannabis : des postures et des outils pour améliorer le travail éducatif
Authors: Esseki Karima
Published: May 2016

Éducatrice à la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse ( pjj ), l’auteure aborde dans cet article la question du travail éducatif auprès des jeunes impliqués dans les réseaux de trafic de drogue. Prenant appui sur son écoute quotidienne de leurs paroles et sur son observation quasi ethnographique de leur quartier, elle décrit les mécanismes et les modes de fonctionnement de ces réseaux ainsi que la façon dont les jeunes les investissent. Elle tente alors de mettre à jour ce qu’ils y trouvent en termes de gains financiers, d’identité, de reconnaissance... mais aussi d’appréhender les différents risques qu’ils y encourent. Pour l’auteure, le problème n’est pas seulement éducatif, il relève aussi de la santé publique. Parce qu’elle considère que le fait de disposer de ces connaissances concrètes et localisées permet de donner toute son efficacité à sa pratique professionnelle, elle propose de nouveaux outils afin de les développer toujours plus.
Sport social et paternalisme. Thèmes moteurs du journal sportif L’Auto (1918-1939)
Authors: Busseuil Tom
Published: May 2016

Résumé Dès le XIX e siècle, une intense diatribe souligne les dangers de l'oisiveté du travailleur, condamné à se livrer à la débauche sur son temps libre. Dans l'entre-deux-guerres, le quotidien sportif L'Auto, fondé en 1900 par Henri Desgrange, participe activement à la lutte déclarée contre ces maux. Acteur d'une popularisation sportive aux côtés des industries, des fédérations puis de l'État, le journal tient un discours aux visées plurielles. Il assure une couverture médiatique d'envergure des sports patronal et corporatif, faisant apparaître des objectifs sociaux et économiques communs au monde de l'entreprise. Cette ligne éditoriale conciliante n'affecte aucunement l'attachement originel et indéfectible de L'Auto à défendre ses vues en matière d'hygiénisme et de morale sportive.
Des entreprises marchandes dans l’univers associatif sportif. Le cas des établissements équestres
Authors: Chevalier Vérène
Published: May 2016

Résumé Dans le contexte institutionnel de la cogestion ­ par les pouvoirs publics et par le monde associatif ­ de l'offre d'activités sportives au public, la forme commerciale de distribution de ces pratiques fait figure d'exception. L'analyse du cas des entreprises équestres proposée dans cet article permet de questionner en creux les ressorts d'un « service public du sport » en apesanteur économique et sociale ; de retracer la genèse de leur inscription dans un modèle entrepreneurial et d'en examiner quelques effets paradoxaux.
Paradoxical Vocal Cord Motion in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Palla John , Friedman Aaron D.
Published: May 2016

Paradoxical vocal cord motion (PVCM), also termed vocal cord dysfunction, is a poorly understood disorder of episodic dyspnea characterized by inappropriate vocal cord adduction during inspiration and potentially during expiration. It can coexist or be confused with asthma, so appropriate diagnosis is key to optimizing treatment success. Although many patients with PVCM may have underlying psychologic issues, there is emerging evidence to suggest that this entity is not psychogenic in every patient. Both laryngeal irritants and exercise have been identified as additional contributing factors in PVCM. Diagnosis of PVCM requires awake laryngoscopic confirmation. However, many patients do not exhibit signs of PVCM during this examination, despite provocation during testing. Therefore, clinical history remains key in determining which patients should proceed with behavioral therapy under the guidance of a speech pathologist. In addition, treatment may include limiting patient exposure to potential sources of laryngeal irritation. Refractory patients may benefit from psychologic assessment and treatment.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(5):e184–e188.]
Clinical Outcomes of Spinal Surgery for Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Yoshii Toshitaka , Hirai Takashi , Inose Hiroyuki , Kato Tsuyoshi , Kawabata Shigenori , Okawa Atsushi
Published: May 2016

This study investigated the surgical outcomes of spinal surgery for degenerative disorder in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Forty patients maintained on hemodialysis who underwent spinal surgery were reviewed. Of the 17 cases of cervical surgery, anterior fusion was performed in 3 patients, laminoplasty in 12, and posterior fusion in 2. Of the 29 cases of lumber surgery, decompression surgery was performed in 14 patients, spinal fusion in 14, and balloon kyphoplasty in 1. The authors focused on cases of destructive spondyloarthropathy (DSA) and retrospectively compared the non-DSA and DSA groups by examining multiple clinical parameters. Intra- or postoperative severe complications occurred in 4 (10%) patients, and 1 (2.5%) patient died due to cardiac failure. The reoperation rate was 27.6% in patients undergoing lumbar surgery and 5.9% in patients undergoing cervical surgery. Five (35.7%) of 14 patients treated with decompression alone subsequently underwent fusion surgery as a revision intervention. Furthermore, 3 (21.4%) of 14 patients undergoing lumbar surgery treated with a primary spinal fusion subsequently underwent an extended fusion surgery. Although there was no significant difference in the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores between the non-DSA and DSA groups, severe complications after spinal surgery tended to occur in the DSA group. Although good neurological recovery can be expected in patients undergoing hemodialysis, attention should be paid to the potential for postoperative complications. Severe complications tended to occur in patients with DSA or in those undergoing hemodialysis for more than 15 years. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e863–e868.]
Poétesses en marge
Authors: Dragani Amalia
Published: May 2016

À partir d’un cas ethnographique – un concours de poésie touarègue au sein d’un festival au nord du Niger – cet article aborde la relation entre l’espace public et religieux, le genre et les normes, contestés, d’usage de la parole à la veille de la rébellion touarègue de 2007-2009. L’exclusion des femmes du concours poétique suscita différentes réactions de la part des intéressées. Les poétesses les plus jeunes furent marginalisées en raison du contenu politique de leur production. Une poétesse seulement, T., tirant légitimité de son aînesse, appuyée en cela par une partie du public et par les poètes, s’autorisa à saboter le concours en s’invitant à tout moment sur la scène, en volant le microphone et en déclamant ses tišiway (poèmes). Cet article présente un « poème de critique » récité par T. lors du concours. Après avoir abordé brièvement le champ sémantique du rire dans la société touarègue, des exemples de la production satirique féminine sont offerts pour contextualiser le poème de T. à l’intérieur d’un genre poétique touareg, l’abayak (littéralement « critique », satire ou invective). En 2006, après des négociations avec les touristes, des femmes furent admises au concours. L’une d’elles, A., remporta la victoire. Deux de ses poèmes rentrent dans le genre de la louange (temmal) notamment aux autorités politiques présentes. L’article les compare avec la critique voilée mais abrasive de T. et des poétesses « engagées », qui demeurèrent exclues du concours.
Serbia and EFTA Contributions to Trade of Agroindustrial Products
Authors: Kuzman Boris , Stegić Milan , Puškarić Anton
Published: May 2016

Serbia's international economic policy in the past decade is being based on the implementation of free trade agreements with major trading partner. In addition to trade cooperation with the EU, Serbia has developed and liberalized trade with the Russian Federation, CEFTA region, Belarus, Kazahstan and Turkey. With EFTA region, Serbia has introduced Free Trade Agreement (FTA) from 2010 in order to develop mutual exchange of goods and services. Considering that analysis on trade relations between Serbia and the EFTA have not been published, the importance of this study arises from the need to identify the effects of application of the FTA. Analysis will focus on agro-food products, for the period 2004-2013. In order to analyze trade of agro-industrial products, all of product by SITC classification under Section 0 - Food and live animals sector and 1 - Beverages and tobacco in export and import will be covered.
Food Consumption Patterns in Romanian Economy
Authors: Marian Zaharia , Balacescu Aniela
Published: May 2016

The chapter covers both the evolution of yearly average consumption, for the main food products and beverage, and the evolution of daily average food consumption expressed in calories and nutrients, per inhabitant. Also are presented and analyzed the evolutions of total expenditure of households, on main categories of households (employees, farmers, unemployed, pensioners), and grouped by number of component persons, in Romania compared to similar data from the EU28. Are highlighted the trends of percents of total consumption expenditure of households for ago-food products, non - alcoholic drinks and for beverages and tobacco, and the structure of total expenditure of households, by deciles. Starting from these are also analyzed correlations with total income of households, by main categories and by number of component persons. The analysis covers a period of 10 years and covers the years before the economic crisis, its impact and the characteristics of the post crisis on food and beverage consumption structure by main categories of households.
História da meninice afro-brasileira: disciplinarização, aprendizado e ludicidades oitocentistas em mananciais literários
Authors: Brazil Maria Do Carmo , Figueiredo Luciana
Published: May 2016

Com base em produções historiográficas e literárias dos séculos 19 e 20, refletiremos acerca da criança afro-brasileira, abarcando sua trajetória, sua inserção no universo cultural europeizado, suas vivências, seus brinquedos e brincadeiras. Nosso primeiro passo foi perscrutar o cotidiano social da criança oitocentista por meio da literatura. Nosso propósito foi, sobretudo, refletir sobre a infância da criança negra durante o passado de escravidão, considerando os funestos desdobramentos desta instituição no presente. Das discussões envolvendo as raízes africanas e as heranças do escravismo, depreende-se a necessidade de se refletir sobre a história dos afro-brasileiros, com destaque para o papel social de meninos e meninas em condição de cativeiro. Os escritos oitocentistas, e mesmo do século 20, explicitam que apenas nos primeiros anos de vida esses atores sociais viviam como se fossem livres; a partir dos seis ou sete anos, eram introduzidos na lógica do sistema escravista, ocupando tarefas e ofícios especializados ou semi-especializados. Nessa aproximação com o tema, chegamos à premissa inolvidável de que parte expressiva das práticas socioculturais afro-infantis pode ser encontrada nos discursos historiográficos e literários de Joaquim Manoel de Macedo, Machado de Assis, José Lins do Rego e Gilberto Freyre.
Institucionalização de políticas educacionais em âmbito municipal
Authors: Werle Flávia Obino Correa
Published: May 2016

Este artigo discute o município como espaço ocupado e as políticas municipais voltadas para a qualidade da educação básica. Como metodologia, retoma várias pesquisas que enfocam políticas educacionais implementadas em redes municipais rio-grandenses, caracterizando-se, portanto, como revisitação de casos múltiplos nos quais foram realizadas entrevistas e análise de documentos. Analisa diferentes formas de exercício da autonomia política local em políticas educacionais municipais a partir das intercorrências identificadas nos vários casos, provocando descontinuidades. As conclusões apontam para a necessidade de institucionalização tomada como uma dimensão da autonomia política local, como um fator relevante para conter os fluxos de descontinuidade que rompem os projetos de qualificação da educação municipal. Neste texto, são consideradas as políticas educacionais vinculadas ao Instituto Ayrton Senna.
Design and development of a two wheel tractor driven coconut fertilizer applicator
Authors: Fernando A. J. , Adhikarinayake T. B. , Weerasooriya G. V. T. V.
Published: May 2016

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a perennial tree crop with about 60 years of economic life span. Decreasing soil fertility over several decades due to inadequate replenishment of the exhausted nutrients is a major problem affecting coconut production. The annual yield from a single tree can be increased from 50-70 nuts up to 100-125 nuts by proper application of fertilizer. There is no efficient method to apply fertilizer to coconut estates at present except manual application, which is laborious. The general objective of this research was to investigate an efficient method for applying fertilizer to coconut estates. After investigating physical properties of raw materials and their influences on the performance of fertilizer application, a two-wheel tractor driven granular fertilizer applicator was developed. Main components of the applicator are hopper, opposite-direction screw, two sets of furrow openers, fertilizer tubes, and a furrow closer. Power transmission from the engine to the applicator was done by chain and sprockets. The applicator was designed to apply 5 kg of fertilizer mixture per palm at an optimum speed of 1.1 km/h. The fertilizer applicator was evaluated in a coconut estate and received satisfactory results. It performed at a fertilizer feeding capacity of 0.45 ha/hr with 72.7 % efficiency. Compared to the traditional method, this fertilizer applicator could save 96.5 % of time and 94 % of the cost of fertilizer application per hectare. COCOS Vol. 20: 27-37 (2013)
Preferential Use of Public TCR during Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Zhao Yunqian , Nguyen Phuong , Ma Jing , Wu Tianhua , Jones Lindsay L. , Pei Deqing , Cheng Cheng , Geiger Terrence L.
Published: May 2016

How the TCR repertoire, in concert with risk-associated MHC, imposes susceptibility for autoimmune diseases is incompletely resolved. Due largely to recombinatorial biases, a small fraction of TCRα or β-chains are shared by most individuals, or public. If public TCR chains modulate a TCRαβ heterodimer’s likelihood of productively engaging autoantigen, because they are pervasive and often high frequency, they could also broadly influence disease risk and progression. Prior data, using low-resolution techniques, have identified the heavy use of select public TCR in some autoimmune models. In this study, we assess public repertoire representation in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at high resolution. Saturation sequencing was used to identify >18 × 106 TCRβ sequences from the CNSs, periphery, and thymi of mice at different stages of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and healthy controls. Analyses indicated the prominent representation of a highly diverse public TCRβ repertoire in the disease response. Preferential formation of public TCR implicated in autoimmunity was identified in preselection thymocytes, and, consistently, public, disease-associated TCRβ were observed to be commonly oligoclonal. Increased TCR sharing and a focusing of the public TCR response was seen with disease progression. Critically, comparisons of peripheral and CNS repertoires and repertoires from preimmune and diseased mice demonstrated that public TCR were preferentially deployed relative to nonshared, or private, sequences. Our findings implicate public TCR in skewing repertoire response during autoimmunity and suggest that subsets of public TCR sequences may serve as disease-specific biomarkers or influence disease susceptibility or progression.
Decreased SAP Expression in T Cells from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Contributes to Early Signaling Abnormalities and Reduced IL-2 Production
Authors: Karampetsou Maria P. , Comte Denis , Kis-Toth Katalin , Terhorst Cox , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Tsokos George C.
Published: May 2016

T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display a number of abnormalities, including increased early signaling events following engagement of the TCR. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family cell surface receptors and the X-chromosome–defined signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) adaptor are important in the development of several immunocyte lineages and modulating the immune response. We present evidence that SAP protein levels are decreased in T cells and in their main subsets isolated from 32 women and three men with SLE, independent of disease activity. In SLE T cells, SAP protein is also subject to increased degradation by caspase-3. Forced expression of SAP in SLE T cells normalized IL-2 production, calcium (Ca2+) responses, and tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins. Exposure of normal T cells to SLE serum IgG, known to contain anti-CD3/TCR Abs, resulted in SAP downregulation. We conclude that SLE T cells display reduced levels of the adaptor protein SAP, probably as a result of continuous T cell activation and degradation by caspase-3. Restoration of SAP levels in SLE T cells corrects the overexcitable lupus T cell phenotype.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase Fyn Regulates TLR4-Elicited Responses on Mast Cells Controlling the Function of a PP2A-PKCα/β Signaling Node Leading to TNF Secretion
Authors: Martín-Ávila Alejandro , Medina-Tamayo Jaciel , Ibarra-Sánchez Alfredo , Vázquez-Victorio Genaro , Castillo-Arellano Jorge Iván , Hernández-Mondragón Alma Cristal , Rivera Juan , Madera-Salcedo Iris K. , Blank Ulrich , Macías-Silva Marina , González-Espinosa Claudia
Published: May 2016

Mast cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to TLR4 ligands, but the signaling pathways involved are not fully described. In this study, the participation of the Src family kinase Fyn in the production of TNF after stimulation with LPS was evaluated using bone marrow–derived mast cells from wild-type and Fyn-deficient mice. Fyn−/− cells showed higher LPS-induced secretion of preformed and de novo–synthesized TNF. In both cell types, TNF colocalized with vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)3-positive compartments. Addition of LPS provoked coalescence of VAMP3 and its interaction with synaptosomal-associated protein 23; those events were increased in the absence of Fyn. Higher TNF mRNA levels were also observed in Fyn-deficient cells as a result of increased transcription and greater mRNA stability after LPS treatment. Fyn−/− cells also showed higher LPS-induced activation of TAK-1 and ERK1/2, whereas IκB kinase and IκB were phosphorylated, even in basal conditions. Increased responsiveness in Fyn−/− cells was associated with a lower activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and augmented activity of protein kinase C (PKC)α/β, which was dissociated from PP2A and increased its association with the adapter protein neuroblast differentiation–associated protein (AHNAK, desmoyokin). LPS-induced PKCα/β activity was associated with VAMP3 coalescence in WT and Fyn-deficient cells. Reconstitution of MC-deficient Wsh mice with Fyn−/− MCs produced greater LPS-dependent production of TNF in the peritoneal cavity. Our data show that Fyn kinase is activated after TLR4 triggering and exerts an important negative control on LPS-dependent TNF production in MCs controlling the inactivation of PP2Ac and activation of PKCα/β necessary for the secretion of TNF by VAMP3+ carriers.
Notes on an ultramafic body near Payne Bay, New Quebec
Authors: Stevenson I M
Published: May 2016

A peculiar elliptical-shaped body of peridotite and related gabbroic-type rocks intrudes a syncline of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks near Payne Bay, New Quebec. The intrusive body contains some copper and nickel sulphides.
Metallogeny of the region adjacent to the northern part of the Cassiar Batholith, Yukon Territory and British Columbia
Authors: Mulligan R
Published: May 2016

The northern part of the Cassiar region, in the Yukon British Columbia boundary country between Watson Lake and Teslin, is an area of extraordinary structural complexity, and of numerous and varied mineral occurrences . The Cassiar asbestos mine is the only major
producer but gold is still being won from the old Mc Dame placer field. Several of many small silver-lead-zinc deposits and two of the molybdenite deposits have been intensively explored in recent years. Tungsten deposits of two types are of possible economic interest. Of special metallogenic
interest are the numerous minor beryllium and tin occurrences in the district.
Precambrian geology of Geikie river map-area, 74h, Saskatchewan
Authors: Baer A J
Published: May 2016

The area is situated in northern Saskatchewan and is heavily driftcovered. Geological reconnaissance has shown that flat-lying sediments of the Athabasca Formation underlie the northwestern half of the map-area. Biotite gneiss and meta-arkose form a northeasterly
trending belt about 30 miles wide and extending far beyond the limits of the map-area (the Sandfly Wollaston Lakes belt). Granitic rocks occur within this belt and may represent Archean basement resting unconformably under the metasediments. A major north-easterly trending mylonite zone separates
this belt from hornblende gneiss of unknown age that occurs in the extreme southeastern corner of the map-area . The area warrants geochemical prospecting.
Vegetation of Cornwallis and adjacent islands, Northwest Territories: relationships between vegetation and surficial materials
Authors: Edlund S A
Published: May 2016

Vegetation occurs on only 20% of Cornwallis and adjacent islands. This general lack of vegetation is due to 1) the high alkalinity of and lack of plant nutrients in the carbonates and evaporites from which the predominant soils are derived and 2) possible
active cryoturbation. Where vegetation does occur, it is restricted to weakly to moderately alkaline materials, either on impure materials or carbonates that have supplementary materials added, such as on marine deposits and marine reworked materials and till. The vegetation reflects the alkaline
nature of the substrate,for calciphilous species such as Saxifraga oppositifolia and Dry as integrifolia are major vascular plant components of most plant communities. The densest vegetation is concentrated in lowland areas, valley bottoms, and on lower slopes where there is adequate or abundant
moisture throughout most of the growing season and where some surface leaching and organic incorporation into soils occur. Nineteen plant communities are grouped by their composition, dominant growth form, and apparent growing season lengths into three bioclimatic zones within the High Arctic
region. This is a high number for such a sparsely vegetated area and reflects the variety of microhabitats. Zone 3 has more than 60 vascular plant species and is dominated by prostrate shrubs and sedges. Zone 2 has 35 to 60 vascular plant species and is dominated by herbs such as Saxifraga
oppositifolia, Luzula nivalis, and Alopecurus alpinus, while sedges and prostrate shrubs have a minor role. Zone 1 has less than 35 vascular plant species and is dominated by herbs; sedges and dwmf shrubs are absent. This zonation also occurs locally in telescoped form downs lope from late lying
snowbeds, where the duration of the growth period is directly proportional to the length of time the unfrozen ground is exposed from beneath the gradually retreating snowbank.
The pre-upper middle Devonian rocks of Melville, Cameron, and Vanier Islands, Queen Elizabeth Islands
Authors: Fox F G , Densmore A A
Published: May 2016

This paper presents descriptions of rocks known to be present in the subsurface beneath Melville, Cameron, and Vanier islands. The sources of information for the lithology and paleontology of the various stratigraphic intervals described are the deep exploratory
wells drilled on those islands in the search for hydrocarbons. To supplement the lithological descriptions derived from borehole samples and a variety of mechanical and electrical logs, an extensive study of seismic reflection survey record sections was made. The results of the geophysical
investigation were helpful in confirming geological correlations from borehole to borehole, and in providing data for the construction of isopach maps of stratigraphic intervals. The oldest rocks penetrated in the boreholes are of Early Ordovician age. Most of the test wells were started in Middle
Devonian rocks. The thickness of the strata revealed by drilling is 6900 m. The total stratigraphic section, however, including Middle and Upper Devonian beds at the surface and pre-Lower Ordovician rocks below the oldest beds penetrated in drilling, is in the order of 12 500 to 13 500 m thick. All
of the lithological units recognized in the boreholes are equivalents of formations known east of Melville Island. Fossil evidence in the borehole samples and cores permits reasonably secure correlations of the Melville Island subsurface beds with their better known equivalents on Bathurst,
Cornwallis, Devon, and Ellesmere islands.
A visitor motivational typology at Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site
Authors: Hermann Uwe P. , Van Der Merwe Peet , Coetzee Willem J.L. , Saayman Melville
Published: May 2016

Orientation: Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site (MNP) is a unique national park in South Africa in that it includes a World Heritage Site of significant importance for the people of southern Africa. MNP is a relatively new national park with low visitor numbers and occupancy rates, which threaten the sustainable management of the park.Research purpose: This study aimed to develop a general visitor profile and to describe the motivational factors for visiting the park in order to support the development of tourism at MNP.Motivation of the study: A tourism management plan is required for the park; however, any planning associated planning requires an assessment of tourist behaviour and needs.Research design, approach and method: An online questionnaire was distributed to a database of visitors to MNP during March−April 2013. A total of 486 responses were received. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics through frequencies and means. Motivator constructs were analysed through a factor analysis.Main findings: The study both confirmed and contradicted previous findings from other national parks in terms of visitor profiles and motivations. Most crucially, this study identified a new motivational factor for visiting national parks, which advances the need to manage the heritage aspect of world heritage sites distinctly from national parks.Managerial implications: The results indicated that visitors to MNP were older and better educated compared to visitors at other national parks. These visitors included predominantly first-time visitors. In addition these visitors are mainly motivated by the need for a nature experience, although the park is not a Big 5 reserve, findings also identified heritage and education as a unique motivational factor for this park.Contribution added: The study promotes the requirement of a unique park-specific tourism management strategy for MNP as the market base of this park is demographically distinct. In addition, the park should improve the promotion of its status as a World Heritage asset in relation to its natural attributes in order to attract greater numbers of heritage tourists. Although the park features exceptional natural features, the reserve is not a Big 5 reserve and this may result in dissatisfaction with the major group of visitors seeking a nature experience.
Assessing the Value of BMI and Aerobic Capacity as Surrogate Markers for the Severity of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes who are Obese
Authors: Smith Cassandra , Haq Muhammad Asrar Ul , Jerums George , Hanson Erik , Hayes Alan , Allen Jason D , Sbaraglia Melissa , Selig Steve , Wong Chiew , Hare David L , Levinger Itamar
Published: May 2016

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is one of the earliest signs for abnormal cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It is important to explore the risk factors that will assist in identifying the severity of the LVDD in this population. We examined the influences of fitness and fatness on the level of left ventricular (LV) impairment in patients with T2DM. Twenty-five patients (age: 64.0 ± 2.5 years, body mass index [BMI] = 36.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2, mean ± standard error of measurement) with T2DM and preserved systolic function, but impaired diastolic function, mitral valve (MV) E/e′, participated in the study. LV function was assessed using a stress echocardiograph, aerobic power was assessed with a sign- and symptom-limited graded exercise test, and the fatness level was assessed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and BMI. Patients in the higher 50% of BMI had higher lateral and septal MV E/e′ (~34% and ~25%, respectively, both P < 0.001), compared to those in the lower 50% of BMI, with no difference in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ( P > 0.05). In addition, a higher BMI correlated with a higher lateral ( r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and septal ( r = 0.56, P < 0.01) E/é. There was no such relationship for VO2peak. BMI and VO2peakwere not correlated with LV systolic function (ejection fraction). In individuals with T2DM and diastolic dysfunction, a higher BMI was associated with worsening diastolic function independent of their aerobic capacity. The data provide a simple and practical approach for clinicians to assist in the early identification and diagnostics of functional changes in the heart diastolic function in this population.
Optimal Strategy for Limit Order Book Submissions in High Frequency Trading
Authors: Song Na , Xie Yue , Ching Wai-Ki , Siu Tak-Kuen , Yiu Cedric Ka-Fai
Published: May 2016

An optimal selection problem for bid and ask quotes subject to a stock inventory constraint is investigated, formulated as a constrained utility maximisation problem over a finite time horizon. The arrivals of buy and sell orders are governed by Poisson processes, and a diffusion approximation is employed on assuming the Poisson arrivals intensity is sufficiently large. Using the dynamic programming principle, we adopt an efficient numerical procedure to solve this constrained utility maximisation problem based on a successive approximation algorithm, and conduct numerical experiments to analyse the impacts of the inventory constraint on a dealer's terminal profit and stock inventory level. It is found that the stock inventory constraint significantly affects the terminal stock inventory level.
Analysis of extinction properties as a function of relative humidity using a κ-EC-Mie model in Nanjing
Authors: Zhang Zefeng , Shen Yan , Li Yanwei , Zhu Bin , Yu Xingna
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The relationship between relative humidity (RH) and extinction properties is of widespread concern. In this study, a hygroscopic parameter (κ) and the volume fraction of elemental carbon (EC) were used to characterize the chemical characteristics of particles, and a core-shell model was built based on these characteristics. The size distribution, chemical compositions and RH were measured in Nanjing from 15/10/2013 to 13/11/2013. The extinction coefficients of particles were fitted with the BHCOAT program, and the values correlated well with the measured values (R2 = 0.81), which suggested that the core-shell model was reasonable. The results show that more than 83 % of the extinction in Nanjing was due to particles in the 0.2–1.0 μm size range. Under dry conditions, the higher mass fraction of particles in the 0.2–1.0 μm size range caused the higher volume extinction coefficient. An increase in RH led to a significant increase in the extinction coefficient, although the increases differed among the different size segments. The corresponding functions are given in this study. For λ = 550 nm, the extinction contributions of the 0.01–0.2 μm, 0.2–0.5 μm, and 1.0–2.0 μm size ranges increased significantly with the increase in RH, whereas the extinction contributions of the 0.5–1.0 μm and 2.0–10.0 μm size ranges decreased slightly.
Source characterization of Highly Oxidized Multifunctional Compounds in a Boreal Forest Environment using Positive Matrix Factorization
Authors: Yan Chao , Nie Wei , Äijälä Mikko , Rissanen Matti P. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Massoli Paola , Junninen Heikki , Jokinen Tuija , Sarnela Nina , Häme Silja , Schobesberger Siegfried , Canonaco Francesco , Prevot Andre S. H. , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Sipilä Mikko , Worsnop Douglas R. , Ehn Mikael
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Highly oxidized multifunctional compounds (HOMs) have been demonstrated to be important for atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and new particle formation (NPF), yet it remains unclear which the main atmospheric HOM formation pathways are. In this study, a nitrate ion based Chemical Ionization Atmospheric-Pressure-interface Time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-APi-TOF) was deployed to measure HOMs in the boreal forest in Hyytiälä, southern Finland. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to separate the detected HOM species into several factors, relating these “factors” to plausible formation pathways. PMF was performed with a revised error estimation derived from laboratory data, and this approach was validated by mathematical diagnostics of the PMF solutions. Three factors explained the majority (>95%) of the data variation, but the optimal solution found six factors, including two nighttime factors, three daytime factors, and a transport factor. One nighttime factor is almost identical to laboratory spectra generated from monoterpene ozonolysis, while the second likely represents monoterpene oxidation initiated by NO3. The exact chemical processes forming the different daytime factors remain unclear, but they all have clearly distinct diurnal profiles, very likely related to monoterpene oxidation with a strong influence from NO, presumably through its effect on peroxy radical (RO2) chemistry. Apart from these five “local” factors, the sixth factor is interpreted as a transport related factor. These findings improve our understanding of HOM production by confirming current knowledge and inspiring future research directions, and provide new perspectives on using factorization methods to understand short-lived atmospheric species.
A synthetic data set of high-spectral-resolution infrared spectra for the Arctic atmosphere
Authors: Cox Christopher J. , Rowe Penny M. , Neshyba Steven P. , Walden Von P.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties are critical for understanding the role of clouds in climate. These properties are commonly retrieved from ground-based and satellite-based infrared remote sensing instruments. However, retrieval uncertainties are difficult to quantify without a standard for comparison. This is particularly true over the polar regions, where surface-based data for a cloud climatology are sparse, yet clouds represent a major source of uncertainty in weather and climate models. We describe a synthetic high-spectral-resolution infrared data set that is designed to facilitate validation and development of cloud retrieval algorithms for surface- and satellite-based remote sensing instruments. Since the data set is calculated using pre-defined cloudy atmospheres, the properties of the cloud and atmospheric state are known a priori. The atmospheric state used for the simulations is drawn from radiosonde measurements made at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site at Barrow, Alaska (71.325° N, 156.615° W), a location that is generally representative of the western Arctic. The cloud properties for each simulation are selected from statistical distributions derived from past field measurements. Upwelling (at 60 km) and downwelling (at the surface) infrared spectra are simulated for 260 cloudy cases from 50 to 3000 cm−1 (3.3 to 200 µm) at monochromatic (line-by-line) resolution at a spacing of  ∼  0.01 cm−1 using the Line-by-line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) and the discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer code (DISORT). These spectra are freely available for interested researchers from the NSF Arctic Data Center data repository (doi:10.5065/D61J97TT).
About the Possibility of Identification of Hydrocarbon Deposits with the Help of NMR
Authors: Ivashchenko Pavlo , Bakai Eduard , Yurchuk Alexander
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The main purpose of this article is to review the theoretical prerequisites of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) application in tasks of search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. The identification peculiarities of hydrocarbon deposits in a weak magnetic field of the Earth were analyzed. The necessity of using highly directional antennas for providing greater sounding depths as well as the use of absorption spectra of the sought-for minerals as sounding signals were identified and justified. A variant of practical implementation of such a system was examined and examples of practical application of the innovative NMR technology were provided.
The weather@home regional climate modelling project for Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Black Mitchell T. , Karoly David J. , Rosier Suzanne M. , Dean Sam M. , King Andrew D. , Massey Neil R. , Sparrow Sarah N. , Bowery Andy , Wallom David , Jones Richard G. , Otto Friederike E. L. , Allen Myles R.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A new climate modelling project has been developed for regional climate simulation and the attribution of weather and climate extremes over Australia and New Zealand. The project, known as weather@home Australia-New Zealand, uses public volunteers' home computers to run a moderate-resolution global atmospheric model with a nested regional model over the Australasian region. By harnessing the aggregated computing power of home computers, weather@home is able to generate an unprecedented number of simulations of possible weather under various climate scenarios. This combination of large ensemble sizes with high spatial resolution allows extreme events to be examined with more robust estimates of uncertainty. This paper provides an overview of the weather@home Australia-New Zealand project, including initial evaluation of the regional model performance. The model is seen to be capable of resolving many climate features that are important for the Australian and New Zealand regions, including the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on driving natural climate variability. To date, 75 model simulations of the observed climate have been successfully integrated over the period 1985–2014 in a time-slice manner. In addition, multi-thousand member ensembles have also been generated for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 under climate scenarios with and without the effect of human influences. All data generated by the project is freely available to the broader research community.
Coupling aerosol optics to the MATCH (v5.5.0) chemical transport model and the SALSA (v1) aerosol microphysics module
Authors: Andersson Emma , Kahnert Michael
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A new aerosol-optics model is implemented in which realistic morphologies and mixing states are assumed, especially for black carbon particles. The model includes both external and internal mixing of all chemical species, it treats externally mixed black carbon as fractal aggregates, and it accounts for inhomogeneous internal mixing of black carbon by use of a novel "core-grey-shell" model. Simulated results of aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical depth, backscattering coefficients and the Ångström exponent, as well as radiative fluxes are computed with the new optics model and compared with results from an older optics-model version that treats all particles as externally mixed homogeneous spheres. The results show that using a more detailed description of particle morphology and mixing state impacts the aerosol optical properties to a degree of the same order of magnitude as the effects of aerosol-microphysical processes. For instance, the aerosol optical depth computed for two cases in 2007 shows a relative difference between the two optics models that varies over the European region between −28 and 18 %, while the differences caused by the inclusion or omission of the aerosol-microphysical processes range from −50 to 37 %. This is an important finding, suggesting that a simple optics model coupled to a chemical transport model can introduce considerable errors affecting radiative fluxes in chemistry-climate models, compromising comparisons of model results with remote sensing observations of aerosols, and impeding the assimilation of satellite products for aerosols into chemical-transport models.
Regionalization of post-processed ensemble runoff forecasts
Authors: Skøien Jon Olav , Bogner Konrad , Salamon Peter , Smith Paul , Pappenberger Florian
Published: May 2016

Abstract. For many years, meteorological models have been run with perturbated initial conditions or parameters to produce ensemble forecasts that are used as a proxy of the uncertainty of the forecasts. However, the ensembles are usually both biased (the mean is systematically too high or too low, compared with the observed weather), and has dispersion errors (the ensemble variance indicates a too low or too high confidence in the forecast, compared with the observed weather). The ensembles are therefore commonly post-processed to correct for these shortcomings. Here we look at one of these techniques, referred to as Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) (Gneiting et al., 2005). Originally, the post-processing parameters were identified as a fixed set of parameters for a region. The application of our work is the European Flood Awareness System (http://www.efas.eu), where a distributed model is run with meteorological ensembles as input. We are therefore dealing with a considerably larger data set than previous analyses. We also want to regionalize the parameters themselves for other locations than the calibration gauges. The post-processing parameters are therefore estimated for each calibration station, but with a spatial penalty for deviations from neighbouring stations, depending on the expected semivariance between the calibration catchment and these stations. The estimated post-processed parameters can then be used for regionalization of the postprocessing parameters also for uncalibrated locations using top-kriging in the rtop-package (Skøien et al., 2006, 2014). We will show results from cross-validation of the methodology and although our interest is mainly in identifying exceedance probabilities for certain return levels, we will also show how the rtop package can be used for creating a set of post-processed ensembles through simulations.
Institutions in transitioning peri-urban communities: spatial differences in groundwater access
Authors: Gomes Sharlene L. , Hermans Leon M.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Urbanization creates challenges for water management in an evolving socio-economic context. This is particularly relevant in transitioning peri-urban areas like Khulna, Bangladesh where competing demands have put pressure on local groundwater resources. Users are unable to sufficiently meet their needs through existing institutions. These institutions provide the rules for service provision and act as guidelines for actors to resolve their water related issues. However, the evolving peri-urban context can produce fragmented institutional arrangements. For example in Khulna, water supply is based on urban and rural boundaries that has created water access issues for peri-urban communities. This has motivated local actors to manage their groundwater needs in various ways. General institutional theories are well developed in literature, yet little is known about institutions in transitioning peri-urban areas. Institutions that fail to adapt to changing dynamics run the risk of becoming obsolete or counter-productive, hence the need for investigating institutional change mechanisms in this context. This paper examines peri-urban case studies from Khulna using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to demonstrate how institutions have contributed to spatial differences in groundwater access with local actors investing in formal and informal institutional change as a means of accessing groundwater.