bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Estimasi Biaya Perancangan Baterai Mobil Listrik Berdasarkan Kapasitas Baterai Yang Paling Optimal Dengan Metode Activity Based Costing
Authors: Fadloli Ahmad Siraj , Mustakim Mustakim , Prihatiningsih Tri , Asrori Tamam
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini mengusulkan pendekatan Activity Based Costing untuk menentukan harga pokok produksi baterai mobil listrik tipe Li-Ion, dengan fokus pada biaya bahan baku, tenaga kerja langsung, dan overhead pabrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya produksi per pack baterai mobil listrik tipe Li-Ion adalah sebesar Rp. 326.486.874. Studi ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan jenis dan bahan pembuatan baterai yang mengoptimalkan biaya produksi secara keseluruhan, memberikan wawasan penting bagi industri dalam menghadapi tren peningkatan permintaan terhadap mobil listrik di pasar global saat ini. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi efisiensi biaya produksi dan menyarankan strategi untuk meningkatkan daya saing di pasar yang semakin kompetitif. Temuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi produsen dalam merancang strategi produksi yang lebih efektif dan efisien.
A case of fibrous dysplasia treated with homoeopathic medicine Symphytum-a evidence-based approach
Authors: Sibin R. A
Published: August 2024

Fibrous dysplasia is typically a benign bone lesion characterized by intramedullary fibro-osseous proliferation secondary to altered osteogenesis which can be present in monostotic and polystotic. The polyostotic form often presents in childhood. Multiple fibrous dysplasias, cutaneous pigmentation, and endocrine abnormalities may be present (Albright syndrome or McCune-Albright syndrome). Incidence has been estimated at 1 in 5,000 to 10,000. Case of a 6-year-old female patient who came with already diagnosed fibrous dysplasia and has already had surgery but the complaint persists. Based on the analysis, this patient was treated with homoeopathic medicine, and Symphytum 200C was prescribed. After the administration of Symphytum 200C, this case was assessed by radiological findings. This suggests that the use of Symphytum 200C was selected based on the patient’s characteristic symptoms and pathological action of Symphytum.
Environmental controls on isolated convection during the Amazonian wet season
Authors: Viscardi Leandro Alex Moreira , Torri Giuseppe , Adams David K. , Barbosa Henrique de Melo Jorge
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The Amazon rainforest is a vital component of the global climate system, influencing the hydrological cycle and tropical circulation. However, understanding and modeling the evolution of convection in this region remain a scientific challenge. Here, we assess the environmental conditions associated with shallow, congestus, and isolated deep convection days during the wet season (December to April), employing measurements from the Green Ocean Amazon 2014–2015 (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment and large-scale wind fields from the constrained variational analysis. Composites of deep days show moister than average conditions below 3 km early in the morning. Analyzing the water budget at the surface through observations only, we estimated the water vapor convergence term as a residual of the water balance closure. Convergence remains nearly zero during the deep days until early afternoon (13:00 LST), when it becomes a dominant factor in the water budget. At 14:00 LST, the deep days experience a robust upward large-scale vertical velocity, especially above 4 km, which supports the shallow-to-deep convective transition occurring around 16:00–17:00 LST. In contrast, shallow and congestus days exhibit drier pre-convective conditions, along with diurnal water vapor divergence and large-scale subsidence that extend from the surface to the lower free troposphere. Moreover, afternoon precipitation exhibits the strongest linear correlation (0.6) with large-scale vertical velocity, nearly double the magnitude observed for other environmental factors, even moisture, at different levels and periods of the day. Precipitation also exhibits a moderate increase with low-level wind shear, while upper-level shear has a relatively minor negative impact on convection.
First in situ measurements of the prototype Tesseract fluxgate magnetometer on the ACES-II-Low sounding rocket
Authors: Greene Kenton , Bounds Scott R. , Broadfoot Robert M. , Feltman Connor , Hisel Samuel J. , Kraus Ryan M. , Lasko Amanda , Washington Antonio , Miles David M.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Ongoing innovation in next-generation fluxgate magnetometry is important for enabling future investigations of space plasma, especially multi-spacecraft experimental studies of energy transport in the magnetosphere and the solar wind. Demonstrating the spaceflight capability of novel designs is an important step in the instrument development process; however, large-scale satellite missions are often unwilling to accept the risks of an instrument without flight heritage. The Tesseract – a novel fluxgate magnetometer sensor design – had an opportunity for an inaugural spaceflight demonstration on the ACES-II sounding rocket mission, which launched from Andøya Space Center in Andenes, Norway, in November 2022. Tesseract's design takes advantage of a new racetrack core geometry to create a sensor that addresses some of the issues that contribute to instability in more traditional ring-core designs. Here we present the design of a prototype fluxgate magnetometer based on the new Tesseract sensor, its pre-flight characteristics, and an evaluation of its in-flight performance aboard ACES-II. We find that the magnetic field measured by Tesseract over the course of the flight was in strong agreement with both the onboard ACES II reference ring-core fluxgate magnetometer and the predictions of a geomagnetic field model. The Tesseract-based magnetometer measured signatures of field-aligned currents and potential Alfvén wave activity as it crossed an active auroral arc, and we conclude that it performed as expected. Tesseract will be flown on the Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) Small Explorers (SMEX) satellite mission as part of the MAGnetometers for Innovation and Capability (MAGIC) technology demonstration currently scheduled to launch in 2025.
Dampak Ekonomi dan Sosial pada Penggunaan Layanan Online di Era Digital: Konteks Pemesanan Makanan dan Transportasi
Authors: Suhardih Dodih
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak ekonomi dan sosial pada penggunaan layanan online.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi dua macam yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan beberapa langkah yaitu mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan penafsiran. Berdasarkan kajian, ditemukan bahwa penggunaan layanan pemesanan makanan dan transportasi secara online mengalami peningkatan signifikan dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Adapun dampak ekonominya adalah bisnis dapat mencapai pasar global dengan lebih mudah melalui platform online, memungkinkan mereka untuk menjual produk dan layanan mereka ke seluruh dunia tanpa terbatas oleh lokasi geografis dan  layanan online pun telah membuka lapangan kerja baru dalam bidang teknologi informasi, e-commerce dan lain-lain. Adapun dampak sosialnya adalah peningkatan koneksi sosial yang memungkinkan individu untuk terhubung dan berinteraksi dengan orang lain di seluruh dunia selain itupun perubahan pola konsumsi belanja konvensional ke belanja online, yang sering kali lebih praktis dan efisien. Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang dinamika perubahan perilaku konsumen dan dampaknya terhadap industri konvensional. Implikasi temuan ini dapat menjadi landasan bagi pengambil kebijakan, pelaku bisnis, dan pihak-pihak terkait dalam mengadaptasi strategi mereka di era digital ini.
The Influence of Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance on Student Investment Decisions with Demographic Factors as Moderating Variables
Authors: Anindya Camelia Nur , Hasnawati Sri
Published: August 2024

This research explores how Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance affect Investment Decisions, with a particular focus on the role of demographic factors such as Gender and Income as moderating variables. In this study, Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance are examined as independent variables, while Investment Decision is the dependent variable. The sample for this study comprises 120 respondents, all of whom are students with experience in stock investments. These respondents were selected using a convenience sampling method. The analysis of the data reveals that both Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance have a significant impact on Investment Decisions made by students. However, the study finds that demographic factors such as Gender and Income do not act as moderators in the relationship between Financial Literacy and Investment Decisions. Similarly, these demographic factors do not moderate the effect of Risk Tolerance on the students' investment decisions. The purpose of this study is to offer insights that could aid in the development of more targeted and effective financial education programs. By understanding the direct influence of Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance on investment choices and recognizing the non-moderating role of Gender and Income, the study aims to enhance strategies that promote investment participation among students.
‘Indigenous Art and Indigenous Tourism in Western Australia – a model of interrelations'
Authors: Thimm Tatjana
Published: August 2024

This article argues that Indigenous art and Indigenous tourism have become important drivers for Indigenous businesses in Australia and are interrelated to varying degrees. The article focuses on Western Australia where Indigenous art and Indigenous tourism businesses are widespread in both rural and urban areas. Indigenous art and tourism have a long history in Western Australia. Art is predominantly displayed in art centres in rural areas, and galleries and museums in urban settings. The term ‘urban’ in Western Australia is often synonymous with the city of Perth, the capital of the federal state of Western Australia and the only larger city in the state. Art centres are located in smaller towns and sometimes in very remote areas. Despite being far from any larger markets, remote from policy makers, and located in areas with poor infrastructure, Indigenous businesses and entrepreneurs in Indigenous art and Indigenous tourism have nonetheless managed to successfully support Indigenous culture and the community. Indigenous tourism and Indigenous art are always caught between the cultural self-empowerment of artists and communities on the one side and the realities of commerce on the other. This tension can lead to positive developments for both tourists and artists, contributing to reducing regional disparities; but it can also manifest in negative ways for Indigenous culture. The aim of this article is to identify interrelations between Indigenous art and Indigenous tourism and to develop a model that depicts these interrelations to make such connections visible.
Analisis Algoritma Music Untuk Deteksi Sudut Kedatangan Pada Perangkat Gunshot
Authors: Rachmaningrum Nilla , Reynaldi Rizal , Mimma Untsa Risdillah
Published: August 2024

Pada zaman perang dunia, teknologi memiliki peranan penting untuk membawa kemenangan suatu negara dan aliansinya pada saat itu. Sudah menjadi tugas dari TNI untuk menjaga persatuan dan kesatuan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indoensia. Salah satu sebab banyaknya korban adalah kurangnya teknologi untuk mengetahui arah asal tembakan dari lawan yaitu anggota KKB. Pada penelitian ini, perkembangan teknologi digunakan sebagai alat bantu untuk mempermudah dan meminimalisir terjadinya korban yang akan menyebabkan suatu kerugian pada TNI. Algoritma dari DoA (Direction of Arrival) dapat memberikan perkiraan arah datangnya suara tembakan yang cukup akurat. Dengan dikombinasikan dengan algoritma MUSIC (Multiple signal Classification), bisa memberikan informasi asal suara tembakan. Pada penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil informasi sudut kedatangan asal suara tembakan dan dapat mengetahui nilai SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) nya. SNR digunakan untuk membandingkan sinyal informasi dengan noise yang terdapat pada sebuah transmisi. Pengukuran SNR dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pengukuran kekuatan sinyal dan pengukuran kekuatan sinyal noise yang sudah diatur. Hasil pengukuran nilai SNR untuk semua sudut memiliki nilai rata-rata 7,30 dB. Hasil tersebut berarti semakin tinggi nilai SNR, maka kualitas sinyal semakin baik dan nilai noise semakin kecil. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan tingkat keakuratan pendeteksian sudut kedatangan mencapai 99,21%.
Rancang Bangun Buttler Matrix 4X4 Untuk Beamforming Antena Array Pada Aplikasi 5G
Authors: Khaikal Alfiqril , Akbar Fannush Shofi , Rachmaningrum Nilla
Published: August 2024

Antena array adalah suatu antena yang dibentuk oleh susunan sejumlah elemen antena tunggal yang dimana setiap elemen tersebut diberi input. Salah satu kelebihan antena array adalah dapat menghasilkan variasi arah lobe radiasi utama dengan mengatur beda Phase pengumpanan arus tiap elemennya. Phase pada beamforming digunakan untuk mengontrol arah dan pola radiasi dari arah antena. Beamforming sendiri merupakan teknik pengolahan sinyal yang digunakan dalam sistem antena untuk mengarahkan pola radiasi dari antena array ke arah yang di inginkan. Dalam beamforming terdapat rangkaian Buttler matrix  yang merupakan rangkaian microwave yang memiliki N input dan N output yang digunakan dalam beamforming dan switched beam pada susunan antenna linier maupun sirkular. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan Buttler Matrix  4x4 yang memiliki 4 input dan 4 output dan digunakan pada antenna array. Dari hasil pengukuran yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil reflection coefficient S1.1: 22.45 dB, S2.2:13.12 dB, S3.3:14.78 dB, S4.4: 21.78 dB pada frekuensi 2.35 GHz. Serta efisiensi hasil transmission coefficient pada port 1 : 50%, port 2 : 50%, port 3 : 51%, port 4 : 55%, dan hasil Polaradiasi pada Port 1: -190, Port 2: 35o, Port 3: -33o, Port 4: 20o.
Perancangan dan Analisis Antena Mikrostrip MIMO Dengan Elemen Triangular pada Frekuensi 2.35 GHz Untuk Aplikasi Sistem Komunikasi
Authors: Aprilia Kasda Dinda , Fannush Shofi Akbar  , Nilla Rachmaningrum
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Perancangan dan Analisis Antena Mikrostrip MIMO Triangular yang akan di aplikasikan pada sistem komunikasi dengan frekuensi yang mampu bekerja pada band N40 dan memiliki rentang frekuensi 2.3 GHz sampai 2.4 GHz serta antena ini memiliki patch yang berbentuk triangular dan pencatuan dengan teknik insert feeding. Proses perancangan antenna dimulai dengan perhitungan teori dimensi antenna 1 elemen, lalu penyusunan antenna MIMO dengan menggunakan 3 skenario atau metode yaitu antenna MIMO 4 elemen sejajar, antenna MIMO 4 elemen berhadapan, dan antenna MIMO 4 elemen menyilang. Dari ketiga metode penyusunan tersebut di dapatkan hasil yang cukup optimal pada antenna MIMO 4 elemen berhadapan. Perancangan tersebut berada pada frekuensi 2.35 GHz, polarisasi yang dihasilkan ialah circular juga pola radiasi yang dihasilkan ialah directional dan bi directional serta gain terbaik sebesar 5 dBi dengan efisiensi sebesar 23%, mutual kopling lebih kecil dari -20 dB, return loss juga lebih kecil dari -10 dB, dan VSWR yang kurang dari 2.
Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Pada Perencanaan Jaringan 5G New Radio Frekuensi 2300 MHz di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Faria Utami  , Ulinuha Mustakim Hamzah , Ayu Faradila Purnama Arrizky
Published: August 2024

Surabaya yakni ibu kota dari Provinsi Jawa Timur yang dikenal dengan sebutan Kota Pahlawan. Sebagai kota kedua terbesar di Indonesia, Surabaya memiliki wilayah yang luas dengan populasi penduduk yang banyak. Perencanaan jaringan 5G New Radio dengan frekuensi sebesar 2300 MHz, mencakup teknis coverage dan capacity. supaya mengetahui kelayakan perencanaan jaringan 5G New Radio di Kota Surabaya, maka guna analisis ekonominya menggunakan skala Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operational Expenditure (OPEX), dan Revenue kemudian analisis ekonominya menggunakan Net Present Value (NPV), IRR, ROI, Payback Period (PP), Gross B/C dan Net B /C. Studi ini pada perencanaan coverage menghasilkan 325 site dan pada perencanaan capacity menghasilkan 88 site. Dari temuan simulasi perencanaan coverage kemudian dimplementasikan optimasi agar temuan yang didapatkan sesuai dengan standar 5G. temuan dari optimasi tersebut menghasilkan 119 site dengan hasil SS- RSRP sebesar -56,64 dBm, SS-SINR sebesar 24,43, dan throughput sebesar 280,307.82 kbps, pada perencanaan capacity dengan menggunakan 88 site, hasil sinyal SS-RSRP sebesar -58,01 dBm, rata-rata sinyal SINR sebesar 24,91 dB, dan throughput yang dihasilkan sebesar 283,966.91 kbps. Sedangkan temuan dari analisis ekonomi investasi CAPEX diperlukan sebesar Rp. 8.843.133.240.480, dan revenue yang didapat pada setiap tahun selalu mengalami peningkatan sehingga NPV yang didapatkan bernilai positif, dan IRR, ROI, Net B/C, Gross B/C serta payback period dari pembangunan jejaring 5G di Kota Surabaya mampu kembali modal dalam waktu 3 tahun.
Данышпан және талант түсініктерге постмодернистік қайта ойлау
Authors: Умбетов Д.
Published: August 2024

Данная статья посвящена пересмотру таких понятий, как: гений и талант с постмодернистской точки зрения, выявлению основных характеристик этих понятий как на протяжении истории, так и на современном этапе развития общества. Способствующее формированию нравственно-ценностных интересов и потребностей.

Бұл мақала данышпан пен талант сияқты ұғымдарды постмодерндік көзқарас тұрғысынан қайта қарауға, осы ұғымдардың тарихи кезеңде да, қоғам дамуының қазіргі кезеңінде де негізгі сипаттамаларына нықтауға арналған. Моральдық-құндылық мүдделері мен қажеттіліктерін қалыптастыруға ықпал ету.

This article is devoted to the revision of concepts such as genius and talent from a postmodern point of view, identifying the main characteristics of these concepts both throughout history and at the present stage of development of society. Contributing to the formation of moral and value interests and needs.
Заңдылық және құқықтық тәртіп: қазіргі жағдайда Қазақстан Республикасының дамуының негізгі аспектілері
Authors: Bachurin S. , Sadvakasova A.
Published: August 2024

This scientific article is an in-depth study of the concept of legality and law and order in the context of national statehood. Analyzing their role in modern society, the author highlights both positive and negative aspects of the institutions in question. Special attention is paid to the need to improve legal norms and their compliance with current realities. The author emphasizes the importance of continuous development and adaptation of legality and law and order to changing social, economic and political conditions, as well as the role of the state in protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual.

Бұл ғылыми мақала ұлттық мемлекеттілік контексіндегі заңдылық пен құқықтық тәртіп тұжырымдамасын терең зерттеу болып табылады. Олардың қазіргі қоғамдағы рөлін талдай отырып, автор қарастырылып отырған институттардың жағымды және жағымсыз жақтарын көрсетеді. Құқықтық нормаларды жетілдіру қажеттілігіне және олардың қолданыстағы шындыққа сәйкестігіне ерекше назар аударылады. Автор заңдылық пен құқықтық тәртіпті өзгермелі әлеуметтік, экономикалық және саяси жағдайларға үздіксіз дамыту мен бейімдеудің маңыздылығын, сондай-ақ мемлекеттің жеке адамның құқықтары мен бостандықтарын қорғаудағы рөлін атап көрсетеді.

Данная научная статья представляет собой глубокое исследование концепции законности и правопорядка в контексте национальной государственности. Анализируя их роль в современном обществе, автор освещает как положительные, так и отрицательные аспекты рассматриваемых институтов. Особое внимание уделяется необходимости совершенствования правовых норм и их соответствия действующим реалиям. Автор подчеркивает важность непрерывного развития и адаптации законности и правопорядка к меняющимся социальным, экономическим и политическим условиям, а также роль государства в защите прав и свобод личности.
Preferências e Motivações dos Consumidores de Produtos Agroecológicos de Santarém/PA sob a Perspectiva da Economia das Convenções
Authors: Pinho Breno de Souza , Santos Zilda Joaquina Cohen Gama dos , Leão Andréa Simone Rente , Costa Márcia Janete Cunha
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho objetiva analisar o comportamento dos consumidores de produtos agroecológicos em Santarém/PA, a partir da economia das convenções. Metodologicamente realizou-se uma pesquisa mista, com levantamento bibliográfico, de campo e aplicação de questionário online. Identificou-se que esses consumidores tendem a adquirir principalmente, hortaliças, frutas e ovos, preferindo como espaço de comercialização as feiras. Os principais motivadores na escolha desses locais, são a qualidade e a procedência dos produtos. E suas motivações de consumo estão associadas a benefícios à saúde, cuidado do meio ambiente e sem agrotóxicos, tornando seu modo de consumo diferenciado do tradicional e mais aproximado das convenções econômicas.
Educación en ciencias basada en la indagación
Authors: Sbarbati Nudelman Norma
Published: August 2024

La enseñanza de ciencia y tecnología en las escuelas primarias es un requerimiento gubernamental que data ya de varias décadas; sin embargo, perduran problemas que no han sido resueltos todavía. Los maestros se quejan del escaso interés de sus alumnos en temas de ciencia y tecnología, y éstos aducen que las clases les resultan “aburridas” y con escasa o nula relación con su vida cotidiana. Para paliar esta situación, la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ha implementado el Programa HaCE, de Educación en Ciencias Basada en Indagación (ECBI), una pedagogía innovadora basada en la investigación en el aula por los alumnos, quienes con la experimentación construyen un conocimiento basado en la evidencia. ECBI va más allá de la apropiación de contenidos básicos de ciencia y tecnología, y desarrolla habilidades como: creatividad, imaginación, pensamiento crítico, argumentación oral y escrita, trabajo en equipo y solidaridad, entre otras. Éstas son aptitudes muy apreciadas para el mundo del trabajo en este siglo. El Programa cuenta con el apoyo de graduados universitarios y de profesores del nivel secundario en ejercicio. La ECBI atiende a la equidad y la promoción social de todos nuestros niños, capacita a los adolescentes y empodera a los jóvenes con destrezas esenciales para acceder a un empleo calificado.
La evaluación de la investigación universitaria
Authors: Jacovkis Pablo
Published: August 2024

Se discute en este trabajo la existencia de un nuevo contexto social que pueda demandar un nuevo modo de investigación y un nuevo perfil de las universidades. Se indica que el modo de investigación no ha cambiado, salvo desde el punto de vista “social” (la manera y velocidad de relacionarse de los investigadores), pero que debe tenerse en cuenta, por un lado, la necesidad cada vez mayor de inclusión social y, por el otro, la cada vez mayor importancia que deberán tener la pertinencia y la interdisciplina.
Origen, actualidad y prospectiva de la filosofía de la biología
Authors: Palma Héctor
Published: August 2024

En este artículo se analiza, en primer lugar, cómo surgió la filosofía de la biología a partir de los debates en el campo de la filosofía general de la ciencia y los desarrollos en la biología. En segundo lugar, se plantean las diferencias entre la filosofía de la biología y la filosofía tradicional de la ciencia que fue, casi exclusivamente, una filosofía de la física. Finalmente se plantean los principales debates actuales dentro de la filosofía de la biología, sobre todo los que se refieren a las investigaciones sobre los conceptual puzzles que la biología plantea y el estudio de problemas filosóficos que surgen de la biología, pero que no son problemas científicos estrictamente.
Evaluation of Agro-Environmental Programmes - A Farm Level Analysis in Baden-Württemberg and Brandenburg
Authors: Baudoux Patrick
Published: August 2024

Under the condition of significant changes in the framework of EU Agricultural Policy Agro-Environmental Programmes are evaluated in this paper. The MEKA-Programme of Baden-Württemberg and the KULAP-Programme of Brandenburg, both measures under the EU-Regulation VO (EWG) 2078/92 of 1992, are analysed using farm level Linear Programming models. One of the most important results is that both, the MEKA- and the KULAP-Program, have positive environmental effects. In addition they are also responsible for significant transfer payments which under unfavourable production conditions can reach up to 40 % of the farm level gross margins. Farm structure, indicated by production conditions, crops and major production areas, is responsible for the application to the above mentioned programmes as well as for the extent of positive environmental effects. Losses in production efficiency and additional income effects are the consequence of non-consideration of the programmes offered. With respect to the results of the model calculation it is suggested that agro-environmental measures become more goal oriented and consider as far as possible regional conditions. More general programmes should become a more flexible and allow for flexible and dynamic reactions to changing circumstances.
Agrarökonomik zur Jahrhundertwende - Bewährtes und Unorthodoxes
Authors: Brandes Wilhelm
Published: August 2024

Agricultural Economics at the Millennium - Established and Unorthodox ConceptsIn this farewell lecture some concepts important for (agricultural) economics are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the Invisible Hand of Adam Smith, sunk costs, information economics, path dependency, error tolerance and redundancy. It is proposed that agricultural economists follow closely new developments in economics proper. Key Words: Equilibrium; sunk costs; game theory; opportunism; rationality; path dependency; error tolerance; social rate of discount
6 Die Märkte für Eier und Geflügelfleisch
Authors: Frenz Karl
Published: August 2024

Agricultural Markets at the Turn of 2001/2002: (6) Egg an Poultry MarketsWorld egg and poultry supplies keep on growing. Based upon highly specialized breeds, industry-like production methods and facilities this branch of agriculture has over the years experienced high rates of technical advance. In the more affluent societies however, consumer preferences for more naturally produced food begin to affect big industries, international trade and world trade policy (WTO) while the low-income countries are more concerned about increasing production and improving human welfare.
Electronic Business in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft - Ernüchterung und Konsolidierung lösen die anfängliche Euphorie ab
Authors: Doluschitz Reiner
Published: August 2024

Vor dem Hintergrund diametral konträr verlaufender Entwicklungen (vgl. u.a. SCHIEFER, 2001), sehr unterschiedlicher Einschätzungen (vgl. u.a. MÜLLER, 1999; POHLMANN, 2001) und einer Vielzahl unbeantworteter Fragen im Bereich Electronic Business in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft kann es nicht Ziel dieses kurzen Beitrages sein, eine abschließende Wertung zum E-Business in der Agrar- und
Führungsverhalten beziehungsweise Führungsstile in Agrarunternehmen
Authors: Andreä Katja S. , Brodersen Claus M. , Kühl Rainer
Published: August 2024

Management Behaviour and Management Styles in Agricultural EnterprisesThe development of the relationship between employer and employee is an important aspect of management, i. e. management behaviour and management style play an important role with regard to the employee as a critical factor for success. Increasing average sizes of agricultural enterprises and numbers of employees and the missing hierarchical structures create the need for additional motivation opportunities. In the agricultural sector the quality performance of labour activities is difficult to control, therefore, it becomes even more important to discuss management behaviour and management styles.Management styles are mainly described theoretically in the literature but rarely for agricultural enterprises. An empirical study demonstrates that in practice agricultural entrepreneurs are aware of numerous management styles. Although various standard management styles are known to the managers, the successful manager quickly adapts his individual management style to the current situation.
Polish Agriculture under Different Policy Scenarios: Impacts on Production and Farm Income
Authors: Majewski Edward , Hinners-Tobrägel Ludger , Straszewski Slawomir , Was Adam
Published: August 2024

The aim of the paper is to examine impacts of different rates of direct payments on production structures and farm incomes of Polish family farms after the accession to the EU. Analyses have been made for 2004, the assumed year of accession, with the use of a linear programming farm optimisation model. 15 farm types, further differentiated by soil quality, have been selected for the study. The modelling results show, that depending on the respective policy scenario (i.e. the rate of direct payments) the introduction of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in Poland may cause some shifts in farm production. Under the conditions of Agenda 2000 and with 25 % of direct payments, as proposed by the European Commission, farm incomes would in 2004 approximately equate the 2001/2002 base level. However, not all types of farms would benefit from the accession.
Agrar-Bioterrorismus: Eine neue Gefahr für Verbraucher und Ernährungswirtschaft?
Authors: Von Witzke Harald
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Unternehmensführung und Unternehmenserfolg
Authors: Petersen Volker
Published: August 2024

Management and Entrepreneurial SuccessStarting point of the analysis are theoretical considerations about multi-causal reasons of the management influence on the entrepreneurial success. In the further continuation an economic model illustrating the guidance idea of multi-causality is presented as well as a statistical evaluation method coordinated with it. Basis for the statistical illustration of the multi-causal context is an causal-analytic evaluation procedure. A priori formulated causal relations between not observable exogenous and endogenous variables are illustrated by a structural model. The structural model corresponds to the logical starting point of the regression analysis to provide documentary evidence of cause and effect relations. The latent variables of the regression-analytic part are measured by observed indicator variables.The measuring model itself is closely related to the logical starting point of the factor analysis. The causal-analytic evaluation procedure thus links the measuring models with cause and effect models.The formulation and examination of hypotheses are explained by case studies as a result of limited data. It refers only to the context between the market-focused management and the entrepreneurial success on the one hand as well as production and technology-oriented management and the entrepreneurial success on the other. Further unresolved tasks like further dimensions of the management - like employee orientation or financial orientation - have to be analysed more in detail. This task also gains significance because changes in the relative relevance of the identified management dimensions are to be expected.
Entkoppelte Direktzahlungen: Meilenstein auf dem Weg zu einer rationalen Wirtschaftspolitik und politische Entwaffnung der Agrarlobbyisten?
Authors: Henning Christian
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Ansätze für ein produktspezifisches Marketing für Öko-Produkte im konventionellen Handel - eine Verbraucheranalyse im Elbetal
Authors: Wirthgen Antje
Published: August 2024

Approaches for Product-specific Retail Marketing for Organic Food – A Consumer Survey in the Elbe-Valley Against the background of increasing political importance of organic farming combined with market potential for organic food, especially concerning conventional retailers, this article aims to improve organic marketing for retailers by means of product-specific analysis of consumers purchase behaviour. The main research aspects based on a consumer survey are preference testing and attitude measuring to explain consumers purchase behaviour concerning selected products. The preference test furthermore offered the possibility to examine the impact of substitutes produced by other environmentally friendly production methods and to estimate the market potential for organic food. The findings of this research are firstly hints on market potential for organic food considering the competitive situation under price impact and secondly product specific approaches to improve retail marketing for organic food, in order to facilitate to tap the market potential. These are for instance product-specific price differentiation and the reduction of consumers insecurity against some environmentally friendly ways of production especially with regard to growing grains or animal husbandry.
Analysis of the Impacts of Different Agrarian Policy Scenarios on the Profitability of Grassland Management in Water Protection Areas by Use of a Farm Planning Programme
Authors: Bathke Manfred
Published: August 2024

The present study is based on micro-simulations on the farm level (7 dairy farms in Lower Saxony). It shows the effect of transformation of livestock premiums in hectare premiums on the profitability of grassland management. The following scenarios were analysed: Introduction of a grassland premium (77 €/ha), increase of the grassland premium to 179 €/ha and abolition of the maize premium, uniform area premium (307 €/ha), combination model (crop premium 307 €/ha, grassland premium 205 €/ha, dropping of all animal premiums except for the milk and bull premiums). The calculations show, that a grassland premium of 77 €/ha would not lead to any considerable adjustment reactions. The simultaneous dropping of the maize premium and the increase in the grassland premium (179 €/ha) would lead to small advantages for the grassland economy. A uniform hectare premium (307 €/ha) would lead to strong income redistributions between the examined enterprises (up to +/-50 €/ha). Loss of grassland on favourable sites would continue. On unfavourable sites grassland fallow would considerably increase. The combination model would lead to less serious income redistributions. Taking along effects on marginally used grassland and the rise of land rental prices would be less pronounced. Grassland fallow will not have any significant effects on the quality of the groundwater recharge. With regards to nature conservation aims substantial problems will arise, since the extensive use of pasture will not be partially financed any more through animal premiums.
Die Zukunft der Agrarwissenschaften
Authors: Zeddies Jürgen
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Präferenzen für unterschiedliche Produktionsverfahren und Herkunftsbezeichnungen - dargestellt am Beispiel eines Lebensmittels aus der Direktvermarktung
Authors: Zenner Silvia , Wirthgen Bernd , Altmann Marianne
Published: August 2024

Because consumers’ preferences are relevant determinants in the purchase decision, their measurement seems to be extremely important. Therefore, the article presents selected results of preference measurement (conjoint-analysis) with special regard to different food production modes (organic production, conventional production and production reflecting animal welfare aspects) and labelling of food origin (out of the region, from farm-gate and without labelling of the food origin). The empirical research shows surprising results: the organic produce is not as strongly preferred as the product alternative reflecting the animal welfare aspect. As a consequence, marketing-strategies should pay much more attention to animal welfare aspects, whereas organic production seems to be a less persuasive promotion argument. The contribution ends with implications for further research.
Zahlungsbereitschaften für Frischmilch aus der Region: Ergebnisse einer Kontingenten Bewertung und einer experimentellen Untersuchung
Authors: Schröder Carsten , Burchadi Henrike , Thiele Holger
Published: August 2024

In this paper we present the results of a contingent valuation study and an experimental approach to estimating the willingness to pay for fresh milk produced in the consumer's own region. In contrast to the fictitious contingent valuation study, responses in the experimental investigation are connected with real demand decisions and real financial payoffs in an incentive-compatible way. The experimental setup allows to quantify the bias in stated willingness to pay that results from the contingent valuation’s hypothetical character. In essence, the data suggest that there exists a considerable demand for milk from the consumers` home region. Yet, significantly less demand is found in the experimental investigation. At the same time, subjects accept significantly higher mark-ups for regional provenance of ecologically produced milk compared to regional provenance of conventionally produced milk. However, the convex shape of aggregate demand indicates that there is a substantial demand for fresh milk of the consumers` home region only when mark-ups are fairly low.
Social Marketing - ein Konzept für die Gestaltung von Politik zur Ausweitung des ökologischen Landbaus in Deutschland?
Authors: Kuhnert Heike
Published: August 2024

In 2001 the Federal Government of Germany formed by Social Democrats and Green Party declared a policy goal of 20 % of organic farming in Germany by 2010. This objective can only be achieved by behavioural changes of the actors within the food supply chain and consumers. Therefore, the proper political strategy has to be developed. The article starts with a theoretical overview of the social marketing approach. Then the social marketing approach is applied to the development of strategies and measures for the growth of organic production in Germany. The article concludes with a discussion of the suitability of the social marketing concept.
Potentieller Beitrag der Landwirtschaft zur Verminderung der Treibhausgasemissionen in Deutschland
Authors: Wegener Jens , Lücke Wolfgang , Heinzemann Jörg
Published: August 2024

In 2002, the German agricultural sector contributed 8.7 % of the total national green house gas emissions. The main sources were animal digestion, manure management and agricultural soils. From the technical point of view, the manure management has the biggest potential of green house gas reduction by using biogas technology. Thereby methane emission from manure, which otherwise had been emitted into the atmosphere, can be recaptured and used to substitute fossil fuels. Regarding the whole output of manure from cattle and swine in Germany, the emission reduction is 56 Mio. t CO2-equivalent. This amount is equivalent to 4.5% of the emissions in 1990/95 for the Kyoto protocol. Regarding the biomass potential which is technically feasible at the moment, the reduction potential growth to 276 Mio. t CO2-equivalent or 22% of emissions. This is 27.5 times more than the reduction commitment of the German industry for EU-emissions trading in the period from 2005-2012.
Biokraftstoffquoten – gibt es überhaupt genug Rohstoffe?
Authors: Zeddies Jürgen
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Geschützte Herkunftsangaben - Status Quo und Entwicklung der Nutzung der Verordnung (EG) 510/06
Authors: Profeta Adriano , Balling Richard , Enneking Ulrich
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Does trust influence consumer behaviour?
Authors: Dierks Leef H.
Published: August 2024

Against the background of diverse food scandals this article investigates the role of trust as a determinant of consumer behaviour in Germany. As empirical analyses indicate, the impact of trust on consumer behaviour in a quotidian and presumably safe setting is to be neglected. In the environment of a food scandal, however, trust proves to be a crucial element with regard to a more in-depth understanding of consumer behaviour under uncertainty. Moreover, it is analysed whether different values of trust allow for deriving coherent population segments and whether these can likewise be identified on the basis of consumers’ socio-economic features.
Wie entstehen HofnachfolgerInnen?
Authors: Mann Stefan
Published: August 2024

The paper’s objective is to draw and verify a model of entering farming which integrates both psychological and economic factors. It is argued why first identity related factors (like a preference for working with animals) and later environment-related factors (like the farm’s income potential) will typically dominate the process of decision-making. The model is validated by a dataset from a survey among potential farm successors. It can partly be confirmed. It also becomes obvious that daughters have a more negative attitude towards farm succession compared with sons and seem to rely on identity-related factors only.
Künftige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Milchproduktion im Berggebiet Österreichs und der Schweiz
Authors: Kirner Leopold , Gazzarin Christian
Published: August 2024

The mountain areas of Austria and Switzerland are important locations for dairy farming. Owing to natural conditions, the milk in these areas is produced at a considerably higher cost. Nevertheless, structural change in the mountain areas of both countries proceeded at a lower pace than in the plain areas. Milk production in the mountain area of Austria was appreciably expanded. This paper presents a number of attempts to explain these regional shifts, analysing the competitiveness of the farms, as well as the alternatives outside of milk production in the mountain and plain areas of Austria and Switzerland. In addition, we investigate whether milk production in these regions is also capable of holding its ground under future conditions. The on-average lower opportunity costs for land and labour in mountain areas are largely responsible for the high perseverance of dairy farmers in these regions. Common to both countries, however, is the fact that the competitiveness of farms in mountain areas can only be guaranteed by high direct payments. The extent of these direct payments is appreciably higher in Switzerland than in Austria, owing to the expected alignment of Swiss and EU milk prices, and the higher wage level in Switzerland. The high national economic importance of mountain milk production with regard to tourism and decentralised settlement explains the broad social acceptance of these payments, which should be less affected by cutbacks than other agricultural subsidies.
Bio-Energie: Fragen über Fragen
Authors: Tangermann Stefan
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur in deutscher Sprache verfügbar.
The article is only available in German language.
Flächenpotenziale für die Erzeugung von Energiepflanzen der Landwirtschaft der Europäischen Union
Authors: Henze Arno , Zeddies Jürgen
Published: August 2024

The production potential for bio-energy sources of the EU agriculture is quantified. In doing so, set-aside land and rededication of land for other purposes are considered. Furthermore, the simplifying hypothetical assumption is made that on the one hand in the case of subsidized surplus production beyond food self-sufficiency could be used as technical potential for the production of energy plants and on the other hand in deficit situations for typical agricultural products in the EU as e.g. grain crops, rape seed, sunflowers the production of food would have priority. On the base of these assumptions the changes in the food consumption as well as increasing yield and efficiency in agricultural production are balanced. The estimates of the potential result for Germany in 2020 at up to 7 mill. hectares agricultural land and for the EU-27 depending on the policy scenario adopted between 19 and 51 mill. hectares.
Elastizitäten der Nachfrage privater Haushalte nach Nahrungsmitteln – Schätzung eines AIDS auf Basis der Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe 2003
Authors: Thiele Silke
Published: August 2024

This paper presents price and income elasticities of food demand in Germany. Using cross sectional data from the 2003 German income and consumption survey a Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System is employed. Two aspects which have to be taken into account when using cross-sectional data are insufficient price information and zero expenditures. An approach of COX and WOHLGENANT (1986) is applied to derive quality adjusted prices. In order to take into account censoring of the dependent variables a procedure of SHONKWILER and YEN (1999) was employed. A high expenditure elasticity is found for meat demand. The highest own-price elasticities are for the demand for meat/-products and milk/-products. Within the meat group, beef demand shows a particular low own-price elasticity. The cross-price elasticities indicate more complementary relationships than was expected. Elasticity analyses differentiated by household groups suggest that elasticities for meat differ between these groups.
Automated model linkages: the example of CAPRI
Authors: Britz Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

Increasing demand for policy impact assessment regarding social, economic and environmental aspects asks for combined application of different models and tools. The paper discusses concepts and challenges in linking models, taking CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact) model as an example. CAPRI combines different economic models, spatial downscaling and interfaces to bio-physical components. 250 non-linear regional programming models with econometrically estimated costs functions cover the EU-27, Norway and Western Balkans. They are consistently linked to a spatial globally closed trade model, covering 60 countries / country blocks and 50 primary and secondary agricultural products. The link is based on sequential calibration: the market models prices drive the programming models whereas its supply and feed demand curves are calibrated to the programming models’ results, iteratively repeated to convergence. CAPRI integrates projection results from other model systems in the baseline generation and calibrates the supply models to econometric estimations or the supply response from other models as in SEAMLESS. The spatial down-scaling component breaks down the regional EU-27 results regarding cropping shares, crop yields, animal stocking densities and fertilizer application rates to about 140 000 1x1 km pixel cluster and links these results to a statistical meta model of the bio-physical model DNDC.