bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Donperidone‐Induced Systemic Lupus‐Like Syndrome
Authors: Yasue Takashi , Nitta Yukiko
Published: April 2015

In a 64‐year‐old woman, fever, malar rash, widespread macular erythema, polyarthritis, generalized myalgia, and a positive reaction for antinuclear antibody developed while she was taking donperidone (30 mg daily). Proteinuria and hypocomplementemia were not found. The histopathology of cutaneous lesions was almost consistent with that of systemic lupus erythematosus. The lupus band test on the involved skin was weakly positive, but electron microscopy revealed no microtubular structure in the vascular endothelium of the involved skin.

After withdrawal of the drug, there was complete resolution of the clinical signs and symptoms. Resumption of the therapy with the drug resulted in recurrence of her symptoms. The patient's antinuclear antibody reaction was weakly positive over a three‐month follow‐up period.

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a clinical systemic lupus‐like syndrome induced by therapy with donperidone.
Eczema Herpeticum in Three Siblings: Clinical Features and Acyclovir Treatment
Authors: Chen Yao‐Ping , Wu Ying‐Chin
Published: April 2015

Three atopic siblings with sequential primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection on their eczematous lesions following their father's recurrent herpes labialis were presented. Eczema herpeticum was diagnosed on the basis of their characteristic grouped umbilicated vesicles superimposed on pre‐existing atopic eczematous lesions. HSV type 1 was identified from the three patients' Tzanck smears and viral isolation of vesicular contents by monoclonal antibodies. The skin lesions faded spontaneously in the first case, although this elder brother did not receive any antiviral treatment. Later, he developed mild recurrence of skin lesions on his extremities. His younger twin sisters were treated with systemic acyclovir and no recurrences occurred during 2 years of follow up. All of them developed anti‐HSV antibody about 7 to 14 days after clinical onset. Acyclovir seems to be an effective antiviral agent in treating eczema herpeticum and reducing subsequent recurrences after primary herpes simplex virus infection.
Fine Structural Deformation of the Dermal Capillary Following Immersion Fixation Procedure
Authors: Imayama Shuhei , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

The possibility of fine structural deformation related to skin biopsy and the subsequent immersion fixation procedure were investigated, because little attention has yet been focused on artifacts of the dermal microvasculature.

Contraction of the material following biopsy removal was marked in skin regions with thin epidermis and resulted in capillary collapse. As the collapse of the vessels increased, lining cells became thicker and more rugged, endothelial fenestrations disappeared, and 10 nm filaments aggregated. Simultaneously, perivascular connective tissue material was separated from the dermal element in which the vessels were embedded and appeared as a homogenous areola around the endothelial tube. Basal lamina appeared folded and partially multilaminated around the vascular circumference, particularly in the venous segment of the microvasculature; these are considered to be the definite characteristics of dermal capillaries. In contrast to the skin regions with thin epidermis, the vessels in “well developed” dermal papillae did not collapse and bore close similarities to the perfused ones. The present study indicates that most of the so‐called characteristics of dermal capillaries in biopsy skin is attributable to artifacts following the removal of the skin before fixation.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in an Adult
Authors: Takiuchi Iwao , Sasaki Hiromi , Takagi Hisae , Higuchi Dousei
Published: April 2015

We report a case of a 77‐year‐old man with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The patient, who had no physical abnormalities other than herpes zoster, showed intact humoral and cellular immunity. A 3‐ and 1‐phage group strain of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from an unruptured pustule of the herpes zoster lesion, but not from the throat. Inoculation of the isolated bacterium into newborn mice produced a characteristic Nikolsky sign. Histological diagnosis of SSSS was established by findings of intraepithelial cleavage through the stratum granulosum and a lack of inflammatory cells in both dermis and epidermis. After a ten‐day course of oral cefaclor (250 mg every 8 hours) and topical triamcinolone acetonide containing fradiomycin and gramycidin J, the patient recovered completely. The patient left the hospital without any scars other than those of herpes zoster.
Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann's Disease and Its Successful Therapy with DDS
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Nishihara Kiyoshi , Nakayama Keiji , Hoshi Kenji
Published: April 2015

A case of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann's disease and its therapy with 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) are reported. This disorder is a severe form of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) characterized by the sudden eruption of diffuse coalescent ulcerations associated with systemic symptoms. In our case, the disease was preceded by the mild form of PLEVA and the patient was admitted with diffuse ulceronecrotic eruptions and high fever. After admission, the patient, who had not responded to antibiotics, recovered dramatically with DDS therapy.
Senile Comedones Which Developed away from Xanthelasmas on Periorbital Regions
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

A case of senile comedones in association with xanthelasmas which developed on the periorbital regions of an elderly male is described. Since, in this instance, the comedones developed away from xanthelasmas, an association between the two disorders on the periorbital regions different from that described in any other report is suggested. Previously, comedones have always been confined to xanthelasmas.
A Novel Protein of Rat Epidermis —Haematoxylin Stain‐Positive Protein of Keratohyalin Granules as the Membrane Lining Protein of the Stratum Corneum—
Authors: Tezuka Tadashi , Takahashi Masae
Published: April 2015

A novel protein, haematoxylin stain‐positive, non‐nucleoprotein has been extracted from the epidermis of 3‐day‐old rats. This protein was purified through preparative isoelectric focusing, followed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified protein had a molecular weight of 14,500 daltons and an isoelectric point of 4.7. The amino acid composition included 15% glycine, 11% serine, 13% glutamic acid and 10% aspartic acid, but only 1.9% histidine.

Using the immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopic techniques, observation showed that the antibody formed as a result of purified antigen was located on keratohyalin granules and in the cell membrane of the stratum corneum of the skin.

This haematoxylin stain‐positive protein could be synthesized in the stratum granulosum as one component of keratohyalin granules, coat the stratum corneum cell membrane and perhaps, we think, may act as one important component of the epidermal barrier.
Surface Densities of Murine Ia + Dendritic Epidermal Cells (Ia + DECs) and Thy‐1 + Dendritic Epidermal Cells (Thy‐1 + DECs) in Relationship to Aging and Ultraviolet B (UVB) Radiation
Authors: Gu Shao‐Qiu , Sakuma Mariko , Naito Shuichi , Baba Toru , Uyeno Ken‐ichi
Published: April 2015

Identification and enumeration of both Ia + dendritic epidermal cells (Ia + DECs) and Thy‐1 + dendritic epidermal cells (Thy‐1 + DECs) from various parts of the body and non‐irradiated and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiated back skin were examined using epidermal sheets of C3H/He inbred mice of different age groups and indirect immunofluorescent technique. The following results were obtained: [1] There was a significant decline in both Ia + DEC and Thy‐1 + DEC density in the mice in the oldest group (48–50 weeks); [2] The densities of Ia + DECs were significantly higher than those of Thy‐1 + DECs in comparisons of various parts of the body; [3] At 24 h after 60–120 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation, the Ia + DECs and Thy‐1 + DECs decreased significantly in a dose‐dependent fashion. The Ia + DECs decreased drastically (p<0.01) while the Thy‐1 + DECs decreased mildly (p<0.05). [4] The degree or resistance to UVB differed between Ia + DECs and Thy‐1 + DECs in older mice (40–48 weeks). These findings may imply that the decline of the Ia + DECs and Thy‐1 + DECs reflects alterations in immune response during aging; As do Ia + DECs, Thy‐1 + DECs might also play a role in UVB induced specific unresponsiveness in contact hypersensitivity; each type of Ia + DECs and Thy‐1 + DECs follows a distinct biological kinetic pattern after UVB irradiation.
Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus Generalized by Pseudomonas Infection
Authors: Takami Yoshihiro , Akutsu Yutaka , Suzuki Masako , Takahashi Makoto
Published: April 2015

We report a case of generalized familial benign chronic pemphigus (FBCP) whose generalized condition was induced by an infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A 34‐year‐old male suffered erythemato‐macerative lesions over most of his body. Upon microbiological examination, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the pus of the lesions. Histologically, a specimen from the abdominal lesion revealed typical features of familial benign chronic pemphigus. It is well known that FBCP is exacerbated by topical infection. We supposed that, in this case, the infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was induced by inappropriate therapy with cortiosteroid. Topical application of silversulfadiazin cream was effective in improving the generalized lesions of this condition.
Transition of Isolation Ratios of Dermatophytes from House Dust of Patients with Tinea
Authors: Shirouchi Yoko , Murata Joji
Published: April 2015

House dust samples from 7 families of 13 patients with tinea due to T. mentagrophytes (5 patients), M. gypseum (1 patient) and M. cants (6 patients) were cultured several times during their clinical courses. In all cases, the numbers of colonies and positive culture plates of the etiologic dermatophytes decreased in number during tinea treatment. T. mentagrophytes was not isolated from house dust any more by the time the patients were cured; M. canis was still isolated after the tinea lesions had healed. These results seem to indicate: 1) cat fur, the source of infection, is difficult to remove by simple cleaning of the house (or clothing). 2) The parasitic form of the fungus is much more resistant and the numbers of dermatophytes in the fur are greater than those in the scales of the patients.
Increased Densities of Langerhans Cells in the Epidermis of Skin Tumors
Authors: Yamaji Kazuhiko , Matsui Masahiko , Saida Toshiaki
Published: April 2015

Using OKT6 monoclonal antibody (MCA) and β‐specific anti‐S‐100 protein (S‐100β) MCA, the numbers of Langerhans cells (LC) in the epidermis overlying squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell epithelioma (BCE), dermatofibroma (DF), and in the lesional epidermis of seborrheic keratosis (SK) were investigated. The numbers of LC were significantly increased in the epidermis overlying SCC and in SK. Moreover, significantly more LC were observed in the epidermis overlying SCC than in SK. The increased density of LC in the epidermis overlying SCC may suggest participation and activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system in this neoplasm. In 8 cases of SCC, the subpopulations of infiltrating lymphocytes around the tumor cell nests were analyzed. The ratio of Leu 3a‐positive cells/Leu 2a‐positive cells ranged from 0.63 to 1.99. This diversity may reflect complicated immunological interaction between the tumors and the hosts.
PCB and PCQ Concentrations in Subcutaneous Tissue from Patients with PCB Poisoning (Yusho)
Authors: Ohgami Taro , Nonaka Shigeo , Watanabe Masahisa , Yamashita Kazunori , Murayama Fumio , Yoshida Hikotaro , Masuda Nobuhiro
Published: April 2015

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polychlorinated quaterphenyl (PCQ) concentrations in the blood and subcutaneous fat tissue from 11 patients with PCB poisoning (Yusho) and 10 controls were analyzed by electron captured gaschromatography. The mean concentration levels of blood PCB and PCQ and the CB% ratio were elevated in patients with Yusho. The PCB pattern was the A type in 5 cases and the B type in 6 others. The mean concentration level of PCB in subcutaneous fat tissue was 1579.45 ppb in the Yusho group, 3.9 times higher than that in the control group. The mean concentration level of PCQ was 206.65 ppb, 119 times higher than that in the control group. The mean value of CB% was 3.22 in the Yusho group and 0.66 in the control group. These results show that PCB and PCQ accumulate in the subcutaneous fat tissue of patients with PCB poisoning (Yusho), as late as 17 years after diagnosis of the disease. The PCB and PCQ concentration levels in the subcutaneous fat tissue appear to be useful in diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis in this disease. Investigations of the elimination of PCB and PCQ in subcutaneous tissues should be done.
Enhancement of Monocyte Chemotactic Activity in the Sera of Psoriatic Patients after Heat Treatment
Authors: Isoda Midori , Hidaka Keiko
Published: April 2015

The chemotactic activity for neutrophils and monocytes was examined in the sera of psoriatic patients and healthy controls using a Boyden chamber method. There were no significant differences in neutrophil chemotactic activity between the sera of psoriatic patients and healthy controls. However, the monocyte chemotactic activity of psoriatic serum was lower than that of control serum. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the monocyte chemotactic activity of psoriatic sera after heat treatment (42°C, 1 hr).

These results suggest that psoriatic serum has a defect of monocyte chemotaxis which can be corrected, in part, by heat treatment.
A Novel Protein of Rat Epidermis II — The Acidic, Histidine‐rich Protein as the Membrane Lining Protein of the Stratum Corneum —
Authors: Takahashi Masae , Tezuka Tadashi
Published: April 2015

A novel, acidic histidine‐rich protein, has been extracted from the epidermis of 3‐day‐old rats. This protein was purified through preparative isoelectric focusing, followed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The purified protein had a molecular weight of 56,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 5.1. The amino acid composition included 17% glycine, 11% glutamic acid, 10% alanine, 4% histidine and 3% tyrosine.

Using the immunofluorescent technique, observation showed that the antibody formed as a result of purified antigen was located in the cell membrane of the stratum corneum of the skin.

This acidic, histidine‐rich protein could coat the stratum corneum cell membrane and perhaps act as one important component of the epidermal barrier.
Papulonecrotic Tuberculid
Authors: Ihm Chull‐Wan , Suh Jai‐Il
Published: April 2015

A case of papulonecrotic tuberculid showing widespread cutaneous eruptions is reported.
Localized Pemphigoid
Authors: Sugihara Kumiko , Dekio Satoshi , Tohgi Kimiko , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we describe a 69‐year‐old Japanese woman with localized pemphigoid. Direct immunofluorescence study showed linear IgG, IgA and C3 deposits at the basement membrane zone (BMZ). In the serum, circulating anti‐BMZ antibodies of both IgG and IgA classes were found. This is the first report of a patient with localized pemphigoid in whom circulating anti‐BMZ antibodies of not only the IgG class, but also of the IgA class were present.
An Epithelioma with Hair Follicle and Apocrine Differentiation
Authors: Masuda Toshiki , Arata Jirô
Published: April 2015

A tumor on the face showing follicular and apocrine differentiation is described. The coexistence of the two features suggests that the hair follicle has the potential to develop an apocrine gland tumor.
Regeneration and Degradation of Basal Lamina‐associated Anionic Sites In vitro
Authors: Manabe Motomu
Published: April 2015

The emergence of anionic sites during basement membrane zone formation was studied using migrating epidermis in organ culture as a model system. Ultrastructural investigations using a strongly cationized probe revealed that the anionic sites were found to be formed synchronously with the newly built basal lamina after 7 days in culture.

Additionally, we examined the effect of chemically generated hydroxyl radicals on basal lamina‐associated anionic sites. Cytochemical studies showed that hydroxyl radicals produced a loss of cationic tracer positive anionic particles; this effect was inhibited by a specific scavenger, thiourea. These data might suggest that anionic sites were degraded by leukocyte‐derived hydroxyl radicals during acute inflammation near the dermal epidermal junction, resulting in disturbance of the charge‐selective permeability barrier.
Effects of In vitro PUVA Treatment on Adenylate Cyclase Responses of Epidermis
Authors: Kajita Satoshi , Iizuka Hajime
Published: April 2015

We investigated the effect of 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) plus long wave ultraviolet irradiation (PUVA) on the pig skin epidermal cyclic AMP (cAMP) system. Following PUVA treatment in vitro, pig skin squares were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium, and the cAMP accumulation by various adenylate cyclase stimulators was determined. A significant increase of the beta‐adrenergic adenylate cyclase response was observed as early as 6‐h following PUVA treatment; the maximal effect was reached at 24‐h and lasted at least for 72‐h. This augmentation effect of PUVA treatment was potentiated by increasing the 8‐MOP concentration (0.5–160 μg/ml) and UVA irradiation dose (0.05–1.4 J/cm2). At higher irradiation doses (2.1–2.8 J/cm2), the beta‐adrenergic augmentation effect was less marked. There were no significant differences in the adenosine‐and histamine‐adenylate cyclase response up to 1.4 J/cm2 irradiation; however, the latter was decreased at a higher irradiation dose (2.8 J/cm2). Although UVA irradiation alone had no effect on the beta‐adrenergic response, 8‐MOP treatment alone increased this receptor response at higher concentrations; this effect was much weaker than that induced by PUVA treatment. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activities were not affected by PUVA treatment. These results indicate that epidermal adenylate cyclase response is affected by in vitro PUVA treatment.
Four Primary Malignant Tumors, Including Malignant Melanoma and Malignant Lymphoma, in the Same Adult Patient
Authors: Igisu Kyoko , Seki Yoshihito , Oka Teruaki , Ohara Kuniaki , Tamaki Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

We report an 80‐year‐old Japanese male with four primary malignant tumors: malignant melanoma, prostatic cancer, malignant lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma, which occurred in that respective order. The combination of malignant melanoma and malignant lymphoma is rare. The patient was treated with BCG after an operation for malignant melanoma. He was also treated with cobalt 60 irradiation after an operation for prostatic cancer. We also discuss other reports of multiple malignant tumors and suggest some possible causes of this patient's primary malignant tumors.
Clonal Variation in Expression of p97 Antigen in Human Melanoma Cell Lines Detected by Mixed Passive Hemagglutination
Authors: Saida Toshiaki , Uno Akihiko
Published: April 2015

The expression of a melanoma‐associated antigen (MAA), p97, on the cell surfaces of five human melanoma cell lines was investigated with the recently developed mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA) method. Two of these lines, HMV‐I and HMV‐II, were subclones separated by cloning from a common original cell line. In all cell lines except HMV‐I, definite expression of p97 antigen was detected in MPHA However, virtually no expression of the antigen was observed in the HMV‐I cell line. These results were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopic study. The present study is meaningful for the following two reasons. First, it was shown that MPHA is a sensitive and conventional method for detection of tumor‐associated surface antigens on cultured neoplastic cells. Second, this is the first report of clonal variation in expression of p97 antigen between subclones of a human melanoma cell line. Clonal variation in expression of a MAA as shown in the present study may cause serious problems when a monoclonal antibody is used for immunodiagnosis or immunotherapy.
Effect of Divalent Cations and Proteases on Skin Sulfhydryl Oxidase Activity
Authors: Yamada Hiromichi , Takamori Kenji , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

Crude skin sulfhydryl oxidase was independently isolated from the living cell layer, the granular cell layer, and the lower living cell layer (spinous and basal) of cow snout. The properties of this enzyme were subsequendy investigated. The addition of 1 mM CuCl2 and FeCl2 stimulated the enzyme activity to 216% and 166% of the initial activity, respectively. Neither CaCl2 nor MgCl2 had much effect on the activity, and ZnCl2 inhibited it. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), a copper ion chelating agent, inhibited the activity in a dose and pre‐incubation time‐dependent manner: however, other divalent cation chelators such as EDTA, EGTA, o‐phenanthrolin and α,α'‐dipyridyl did not have any effect on the enzyme's behavior. From these findings, it was determined that Cu2+ was essential for the activity of skin sulfhydryl oxidase. This enzyme was stimulated to 130–150% of its initial activity by treatment with 1 mg/ml trypsin, chymotrypsin or urokinase but was not affected by plasmin, elastase or cathepsin D. Trypsin treatment enhanced the activity in a dose and treatment‐time dependent manner. Skin sulfhydryl oxidase from the lower living cell layer (spinous and basal) was more highly activated by trypsin treatment than was that from the granular cell layer. These findings suggest that this enzyme may be activated by some kind of serine proteases during the keratinocytes autolysis process in the granular cell layer.
Superoxide Dismutase in Epidermis (1)
Authors: Ohkuma Noritaka , Matsuo Shinobu , Iizuka Hajime , Ohkawara Akira
Published: April 2015

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalytically scavenges superoxide anion (O–2), constitutes an essential defense against the toxicity of oxygen. We investigated the enzyme activity of pig skin epidermis. SOD activity was determined by monitoring the inhibitory effect of SOD on red formazan formation from neotetrazolium, which depends on (O–2) generation. (O–2) was generated by the hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase reaction. Pig epidermis contained significant amounts of heat‐labile SOD activity which was proportional to the added epidermal homogenate. The optimal pH of the reaction was between pH 8.2 and 8.5. Metallochelating agents such as cyanide, sodium azide, and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) inhibited the epidermal SOD activity in a dose‐dependent manner. It has been known that two types of SOD, a Cu, Zn‐type and a Mn‐type, are present in eukaryotes; that the latter is insensitive to cyanide inhibition. Using this property, the main SOD present in the epidermis was hypothesized to be the Cu, Zn‐type (8.6 ±1.1 unit/mg protein; around 75%); the Mn‐type was a minor component (2.8 ± 0.2 unit/mg protein; around 25%). SOD staining following acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis revealed two epidermal SOD bands, one of which was abolished by the addition of cyanide. These results are consistent with the view that pig epidermis contains two types of SOD, a Cu, Zn‐type and a Mn‐type; the former appears to be predominant.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Cosmetics
Authors: Goh Chee Leok
Published: April 2015

Of 70,289 dermatological patients seen in a skin hospital in Singapore, 0.2% suffered from cosmetic allergy. This represents 4.7% of the 2,471 patients patch tested in the contact dermatitis clinic of the hospital. The prevalence of cosmetic allergy, especially to hair dyes, increases with age. The difference in the prevalence of allergic dermatitis to hair dyes in men (1.2%) and women (0.7%) was not statistically significant, but the difference in the prevalence of allergic dermatitis to the other cosmetics was significantly higher in women (5.1%) than men (2.4%). Perfumes, colognes, make‐up, and hair dyes were the most common causative allergens. Fragrances and paraphenylenediamine were the most common sensitizers. Contact allergy to preservatives, lanolin, or other cosmetic ingredients were uncommon. Cosmetic labelling is strongly recommended, as it facilitates investigation of patients with cosmetic allergy.
Genital Paget's Disease: A Histological Study of the Tumor Margin
Authors: Sano Yutaka , Sakuma Hideo , Hara Tohru , Saeki Hideaki , Sugawara Mitsuo , Tasaki Michiko , Sato Shizuo , Ito Izumi
Published: April 2015

The lesion of genital Paget's disease usually shows pigmentation, depigmentation, erosion and tumor formation. Skin surrounding the lesion looks normal macroscopically. We call this junction between the resion and surrounding skin the macroscopic margin.

The mapping of 3 male cases of genital Paget's disease showed complicated infiltration patterns on the skin surface. We classified these infiltration patterns into 3 types.

From a study of preparations according to this classification, we found the recommendable to make a wide excision of the tumor, including the surrounding area reaching more than 3 to 5 cm from the macroscopic margin, since this margin is not reliable in deciding the optimal extent of resection. Moreover, it is recommended that unnecessary resection should be avoided by performing close biopsy preoperatively, especially when there is infiltration around the anus, and that histological examination of the whole margin of the resected tissue be made.
Process of Foam Cell Formation in Diet‐induced Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit and the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit
Authors: Ikeda Mitsunori , Kodama Hajime , Nohara Nozomi
Published: April 2015

Xanthoma was induced by intradermal dextran sulfate (DS) injections into diet‐induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits (HCR) and a Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. The number of infiltrating foam cells and the accumulation of cholesteryl esters, especially cholesteryl oleate, were more remarkable in a HCR with extremely high serum cholesterol level (1,176 mg/100 ml) than in the WHHL rabbit (serum cholesterol level of 327 mg/100 ml), but the number of infiltrating foam cells and the accumulation of cholesteryl esters were similar in a HCR with a serum cholesterol level of about 300 mg/100 ml and the WHHL rabbit. Apparently, the infiltration of foam cells and their accumulations of cholesteryl esters were correlated with serum total cholesterol level. Cholesterol esterification was stimulated and cholesterol synthesis was suppressed in the histiocyte infiltrating dermis incubated with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) from either the HCR or WHHL rabbit. But supplements of the LDL from normolipemic rabbits (NLR) did not strongly stimulate cholesterol esterification and scarcely suppressed cholesterol synthesis. This suggests that the lipoproteins of the HCR and WHHL rabbit are more easily taken up by dermal histiocytes than the LDL of the NLR. Among the separate lipoprotein classes of the two distinct types of hypercholesterolemic rabbits, there were no significant differences in cholesterol esterification stimulation or cholesterol synthesis suppression.
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Cultured Mammalian Cell Nucleus Using Four Monoclonal Antibodies against the Nucleus
Authors: Wataya‐Kaneda Mari , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Kaneda Yasufumi , Uchida Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2015

Four monoclonal antibodies recognizing antigenic determinants on the nuclei of cultured mammalian cells were isolated. Immunofluorescence studies using these antibodies demonstrated three immunofluorescence patterns of the nucleus; fluorescence staining on the nuclear envelope (antibody 266), on the nucleus (antibody 182, 261) and on both the nucleus and nuclear envelope during the cell cycle (antibody 108). Antibody 108 stained cytoplasmic vesicles of interphase cells. When using mitotic chromosomes, antibody 108 reacted with the perichromosomal region, while antibodies 182 and 261 stained intrachromosomal substance. Immunoblot analysis showed that monoclonal antibody 108 recognized a protein of molecular weight 40K in both the cytoplasm and the perichromosomal region. The molecular weight of the antigen which reacted with antibody 182 was 37K
Adenylate Cyclase‐cyclic AMP System in Pure Epidermis Isolated by Use of Dispase
Authors: Watanabe Makoto , Iizuka Hajime
Published: April 2015

Epidermal adenylate cyclase systems following dispase treatment were investigated. Dispase is a bacterial neutral protease obtained from Bacillus polymyxa. Following the treatment with dispase, the epidermal sheet is easily peeled off the dermis. Dispase‐treated pure epidermal sheets were shown to contain three major (beta‐adrenergic‐, adenosine‐, and histamine‐) receptor adenylate cyclase systems. Without phosphodiesterase inhibitors, the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) level reached the maximal level at 3 min. This effect was markedly enhanced by the addition of cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Among these epidermal adenylate cyclase systems, the most marked cAMP accumulation was observed by histamine, followed by adenosine, and then by epinephrine. The separation of epidermis and dermis following dispase treatment revealed that epidermis contained most of the beta‐adrenergic response (87%), whereas the dermis retained a significant proportion of adenosine (26%) and histamine (40%) responses when 0.3 mm thickness skin was studied.

Specific antagonists of epinephrine, adenosine, and histamine inhibited the effects of these agents completely. The simultaneous addition of two stimulators into the incubation medium resulted in an additive effect.

Beta‐augmentations by hydrocortisone, colchicine, and retinoid all remained in the dispase‐treated pure epidermal sheets, but beta‐augmentations by these drugs were spoiled by trypsin treatment.

These results indicate that dispase‐treated pure epidermis contains three major (beta‐adrenergic‐, adenosine‐, and histamine‐) specific and independent receptor adenylate cyclase systems. Dispase is a very useful tool for investigating the metabolism and regulatory system of keratinocytes without any significant damage to epidermal membrane receptor systems.
Pemphigus Vulgaris Coexisting with Generalized Lichen Planus
Authors: Lee Chang Woo , Hur Hoon , Youn Jai Il
Published: April 2015

A case of coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris and generalized lichen planus is presented. The patient had clinical, histological and immunopathological findings of pemphigus vulgaris in the mouth, lichen planus on the scalp, and glabrous skin over the trunk and the extremities. These facts may suggest that a common immunologic mechanism may cause either disease, depending on the constitutional predisposition of the patient.
Inhibitory Activity of a Low‐molecular‐weight Proteinase Inhibitor (2,200 Mr.) against Various Proteinases
Authors: Nagase Sanae , Kawamura Mari , Higuchi Dousei , Takiuchi Iwao
Published: April 2015

A low‐molecular‐weight proteinase inhibitor which has a molecular mass of 2,200 daltons was recently isolated from human epidermis. The isolated fraction demonstrated one protein band; when it was preincubated with papain, no band corresponding to products from the inhibitor was demonstrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The isolated fraction was found to be immunologically distinct from a2 macroglobulin (α2‐M) by a double immunodiffusion test using anti‐α2‐M serum.

The inhibitor possesses inhibitory activity against papain and bromelain, which are cysteine proteinases, plasmin and trypsin, serine proteinases, and collagenase, a metallo proteinase; however, it did not react with pepsin and cathepsin D, carboxyl proteinases. The inhibitor blocked papain and bromelain strongly, but trypsin, plasmin and collagenase only moderately. A slight inactivation of thrombin was detected.
Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma
Authors: Edelson Richard L.
Published: April 2015

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a generic classification of clonally‐derived malignancies of phenotypic helper/inducer T cells with a propensity to infiltrate the skin, migrate into the epidermis, localize in T cell zones of lymphoid structures and spare the bone marrow. One clinical presentation has a tendency to evolve into another as subclones of progressively less mature and less epidermotropic neoplastic cells arise and overgrow the relatively more mature other subclones. In this manner, localized, scaling plaques of typical parapsoriasis develop into more infiltrated plaques of classical mycosis fungoides which are themselves predecessors of tumor or erythroderma stage CTCL. With loss of epidermotropism, systemic dissemination occurs: first microscopically with blood involvement and seeding of internal organs and finally with visceral tumor formation. The relationship between CTCL and adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia is unclear because of tremendous overlap in the clinical and immunologic findings and because a fraction of patients with classical CTCL have low titers of anti‐HTLV‐1 antibodies. It is important to distinguish the skin‐limited and systemic phases of CTCL in order to select appropriate treatments. New diagnostic techniques which are quite helpful include immunotyping with monoclonal antibodies, karyotype analysis and T cell receptor studies. Photopheresis, a very promising new therapeutic approach for the management of patients with systemically disseminated disease, and a suggested pathogenetic scheme are discussed.
The Two Dimensional Peptide Mappings of the Nail Low Sulfur S‐carboxymethyl Keratins
Authors: Shono Shigeaki , Mataga Nobuko , Toda Kiyoshi
Published: April 2015

The peptide map patterns of the nail low sulfur (LS) S‐carboxymethyl keratins were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease (V8 protease) and subtilisin. The nail LS‐keratins which were analyzed by two dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) comprised eight major polypeptides. Since these nail LS‐keratins were well separated from each other by 2D‐PAGE, we could compare peptide fragments of each LS‐keratin by a 2D peptide mapping. Among the eight major LS‐keratins of the nail, the LS‐keratins of similar size and pI values yielded many same sized peptide fragments with either proteinase. From these results, we could divide the nail LS‐keratins into three groups by their molecular weights, pI values and the PAGE patterns of their peptide fragments by the proteinase digestion.

Examinations of smaller sized peptide fragments produced by partial enzymatic hydrolysis with either proteinase showed strong similarities for all the nail LS‐keratins. Several dense bands of same sized peptide fragments were also observed by 2D peptide mappings. On the other hand, considerable differences were observed when we compared the larger sized peptide fragments of the different group of the nail LS‐keratins. These observations suggested that related structural units (domain structures) were present for all the nail LS‐keratins, although they could be divided into three different groups.

The LS‐keratins of the epidermal cornified layer analyzed by 2D‐PAGE were also composed of heterogeneous protein groups. However, when they were partially hydrolyzed by V8 protease, there appeared many same sized peptide fragments for all the epidermal LS‐keratins and three dense bands of same sized peptide fragments were observed. Consequently, the 2D peptide map pattern of the epidermal LS‐keratins by V8 protease was very simple as compared to that of the nail LS‐keratins. Thus the molecular species composing the nail keratin filaments were more heterogeneous than those of the epidermis with respect to the distribution of glutamic acid residues in the molecules. The distribution of glutamic acid in the keratin molecules might contribute the morphological and physicochemical differences between the nail and the epidermis.
Incidence of Friction Melanosis in Young Japanese Women Induced by Using Nylon Towels and Brushes
Authors: Hata Seiichiro , Tanigaki Takehiko , Misaki Katsuyuki , Nakata Kazuhiro , Okada Akira
Published: April 2015

Friction melanosis was observed in 25 (5.2%) of 479 healthy young women and in none of 25 young men. The lesions were distributed on the skin over the clavicles, shoulders, neck and extensor surface of upper arms. All the patients had used nylon towels or scrub brushes in the bathroom for periods of 2 to 15 years. The period of usage was not related to the degree of pigmentation, which depended rather on the strength and times of scrubbing. A slender figure was not a factor participate in this pigment disorder.
Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae
Authors: Lin Jong , Hurng Jauh‐Jyh , Wong Chu‐Kwan
Published: April 2015

A 41‐year‐old patient with classical manifestations of hyalinosis cutis et mucosae was presented. This rare genodermatosis has mainly been described in Caucasian patients. Our case is the first reported case of hyalinosis cutis et mucosae in a Chinese patient. The patient was given dimethyl sulfoxide orally. The possible mechanism of this therapy is discussed.
Cutaneous Nerves in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Mihara Motoyuki , Takeda Akira , Shimao Shuhei
Published: April 2015

Since the role of cutaneous nerves in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases associated with diabetes mellitus is not well defined, cutaneous nerves in ten patients with severe diabetic neuropathy were electron microscopically investigated as a preliminary study. The specimens were taken from normal‐appearing skin of their lower extremities. Cutaneous nerves were seen as axon‐Schwann cell complexes in which variously degenerated axons and Schwann cells coexisted with normal ones. The degenerative changes were not, however, specific for diabetes mellitus.
Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species‐induced Skin Erythema and Superoxide Dismutase Activities in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Yoshioka Akira , Miyachi Yoshiki , Imamura Sadao
Published: April 2015

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced skin erythema was produced by injection of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and hypoxanthine (HPX), an ROS‐producing system, into guinea pig skin. The clinical course of the erythema was examined in relationship to the age of the animal as well as to superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the skin. The ROS‐induced skin erythema reached a peak 24 hr after injection of XOD and HPX macroscopically and histologically with the reduction of skin SOD activity, and the severity of erythema was age‐dependent. The increased severity of the skin erythema with age was related to the reduction of the skin SOD activities after XOD plus HPX injection. This skin erythema will provide a good model for the investigation of oxidative tissue injuries observed in several skin disorders.
Leukocyte Chemotactic Activity and Circulating Immune Complexes in Psoriasis
Authors: Isoda Midori
Published: April 2015

The sera of 12 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were studied for immune complexes using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) assay. Thirty three percent of sera had elevated levels of immune complexes. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of these sera was compared to the sera of healthy controls and psoriatic patients who showed low levels of immune complexes, using a Boyden chamber method. Neutrophil chemotaxis of these patients with high levels of immune complexes was decreased below that of healthy controls or patients who showed low levels of immune complexes.

These results suggest that circulating immune complexes of psoriatic patients may be associated with the defect of chemotaxis in this disease.
Fiberglass Dermatitis in Japan
Authors: Okano Masaki , Kozuka Takehito , Tanigaki Takehiko , Kitano Yukio , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

Four cases of fiberglass dermatitis are reported. In all the cases, severe pruritic eruptions were caused by handling fiberglass. The patients developed various skin manifestations including papulomacules, excoriative papules, and scaly pigmented macules. H.E. staining of the macular lesions on the forearm demonstrated fiberglass spicules. Their co‐workers also suffered from similar skin symptoms. All our cases improved rapidly after avoiding directly touching fiberglass. Rubbed fiberglass sticks into the skin. Several clinical aspects of fiberglass dermatitis including its prevention are described, together with a review of the literature.
Multiple Necrotizing Fasciitis: Its Etiology and Histopathological Features
Authors: Nakamura Shin‐ichi , Nakayama Keiji , Mikami Hiroshi , Imai Toshiya
Published: April 2015

Clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings from a case of multiple necrotizing fasciitis were reported. The eruptions were found on the face, and the upper and lower extremities. Repeated debridement and radical surgical excision were combined with antibiotics. We believe that only early recognition and radical surgical treatment improve the prognosis of this disease.
Vibration Syndrome
Authors: Yu Hsin‐Su , Yao Tsing‐Hua , Tseng Ho‐Ming , Ho Shien‐Tsong , Chien Chung‐Ho
Published: April 2015

In order to clarify the effects of temperature on vibration‐induced white finger, two groups of chain saw operators in the forestry industry served as the subjects of this study. One group worked at a cold high altitude; the other group worked at a warm low altitude. Except for the difference in temperature, these two groups had similar work environments. The high altitude group had a high prevalence of white finger (75%), but none of the low altitude group suffered from this circulatory disturbance. After measuring the skin temperature and analyzing the results of the cold provocation test, we demonstrated that low temperature is an important factor in causing vibration‐induced white finger.
Epidermal Basement Membrane Alterations in Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Authors: Miyagawa Sachiko , Shirai Toshihiko , Matsumoto Hirohito , Komatsu Machiko , Iida Takashi , Sakamoto Kuniki
Published: April 2015

Immunopathological studies on a patient with clinical evidence of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) revealed an increase in type IV collagen in the skin of the chronic scarred lesion, but not in the clinically normal skin. These findings, together with multiplication of the lamina densa of the chronic lesional skin demonstrated by electron microscopy, strongly suggest that repeated injury possibly stimulates epidermal cells to secrete type IV collagen, leading to multiplication of lamina densa of the basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction in EBA.
Cutaneous Angioma in Crow‐Fukase Syndrome: The Nature of Globules within the Endothelial Cells
Authors: Jitsukawa Kumiko , Hayashi Yoko , Sato Syozo , Anzai Takashi
Published: April 2015

To clarify the nature of the intracytoplasmic globules seen in the endothelial cells of the cutaneous angiomas of the Crow‐Fukase syndrome, we performed light and electron microscopic as well as immunohistochemical studies. The proliferating plump endothelial cells of the angioma located in the mid‐dermal portion contained numerous globules. IgG, A, M, and kappa and lambda light chain globulins were present in the endothelial cells containing these globules. Electron microscopy revealed osmiophilic fine fibrillar structures and amorphous substance in the globules. Thiéry staining for detection of vicinal‐glycol radicals of carbohydrate demonstrated the deposition of fine silver particles as a reaction product. We consider that the intracytoplasmic globules are phagolysosomes containing glycoprotein.
Phototoxic Index of Drug Determined by Candida Growth Inhibition
Authors: Horikawa Etsuro , Miura Takashi
Published: April 2015

To compare phototoxic potencies of drugs, an attempt was made to express them numerically. For this purpose, an in vitro phototoxic index was designed as the reciprocal of the product of minimal growth inhibition concentration and UVA dose in Candida, growth inhibition. Obtained results showed that the 11 drugs tested could be ranked by index as follows: 8‐methoxypsoralen (50.0) » prochlorperazine (5.0) > tiaprofenic acid (2.0) > chlorpromazine (1.25) > nalidixic acid (1.0) > naproxen (0.5) > fluorouracil (0.25)=ofloxacin (0.25) > enoxacin (0.2). Tegafur and piroxicam showed no inhibition.
Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis with Sterile Spongiform Pustular Dermatitis
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Jidoi Joli
Published: April 2015

A 55‐year‐old woman with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) with sterile spongiform pustular dermatitis is described. The pustular dermatitis may have developed from friction of the DSAP lesions with clothes, gloves and/or stockings.
Effects of L‐glutamine on Tyrosinase and γ‐glutamyl Transpeptidase of B‐16 Melanoma Cells in Culture
Authors: Chakraborty Chandan , Hatta Susumu , Ichihashi Masamitsu , Hayashibe Kazuhito , Mishima Yutaka
Published: April 2015

Omission of L‐glutamine (Gln) from the culture medium decreases tyrosinase activity and increases γ‐GTP activity in cultured melanotic B‐16 melanoma cells; inclusion of this amino acid in the medium shows the reverse effects. Its absence, however, decreases the γ‐GTP activity in non‐pigmented cells like HeLa cells, fibroblasts and amelanotic melanoma cells and its presence induces a dose dependent increase in this enzyme activity in these cells. The decrease of γ‐GTP activity in the melanotic melanoma cells by Gln is attributed to increased production of dopa and its derivatives by these cells, as evidenced by our results. Our data also indicate the inhibitory effects of dopa and several other dopa derivatives known to be produced by the melanoma cells on isolated bovine kidney γ‐GTP.
Fractionation of Epidermal Keratinocytes by Counterflow Centrifugal Elutriation (CCE)
Authors: Sakamoto Fumino , Nomura Hirofumi , Hachisuka Hiroshi , Sasai Yoichiro , Shiotsuki Kazuhide
Published: April 2015

Counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE) is one of the most powerful and rapid methods for separating free cells by sedimentation velocity based on cell size, density, or shape. To obtain a sufficient number of cells, the fractionation of guinea pig epidermal keratinocytes was developed with the use of a newly‐developed elutriation system. An EDTA‐trypsin method was used to isolate keratinocytes; they were then separated into three groups according to flow rate by CCE. Morphologically, the keratinocytes in each region were identified as basal cells, spinous cells, and granular cells. The DNA distribution pattern agreed well with that obtained by Percoll's density gradient. The light‐scatter of keratinocytes in each fraction obtained by the present method was similar to that obtained with the density gradient method.
Sebaceous Carcinoma—With Special Reference to Histopathologic Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Nakamura Shin‐ichi , Nakayama Keiji , Nishihara Kiyoshi , Imai Toshiya
Published: April 2015

A case of incompletely differentiated sebaceous carcinoma and its histopathological findings were reported. In addition, morphological criteria for separating pseudo‐sebaceous tumors into categories were discussed.

In this case, histopathological findings showed a mixture of basaloid and squamoid features. Specimens were examined with both light and electron microscopes.
Grouping Prurigo
Authors: Ofuji Shigeo , Ogino Atsuhiko
Published: April 2015

The skin disease we describe in this paper exhibits pruritic, inflammatory, solid papules that are grouped to form hen‐egg to goose‐egg‐sized, circumscribed lesions, usually on the trunk but occasionally on the extremities. The lesions do not spread in all directions but spread rather in only one or two, producing new papules while the old papules become flattened and leave pigmentation. After the lesions reach a size of a fist to a palm, or sometimes even larger, they begin to resolve. Usually a few or several lesions repeat remissions and exacerbations, taking a chronic course. We think that this disease constitutes a new clinical entity not yet reported.