bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form: Psychometric evaluation in one non‐clinical and two clinical Swedish samples
Authors: Alfonsson Sven , Winai Ebba , Collin Emelie , Isaksson Martina , Wolf‐Arehult Martina
Published: January 2023

Background

Self‐compassion has been defined as the ability to be with one's feelings of suffering in a warm and caring way. Research has shown a negative association between self‐compassion and mental illness, and that low self‐compassion can make psychotherapeutic effects less likely. The ability to measure a patient's self‐compassion in a fast and reliable way is therefore important in investigating effects of psychotherapies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS‐SF) in both non‐clinical (NC) and clinical samples.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were gathered in a NC community sample (n = 1,089), an eating disorder (ED) sample (n = 253) and a borderline personality disorder (BPD) sample (n = 151). All participants were asked to complete a number of questionnaires, including the SCS‐SF, and 121 participants in the NC sample repeated the assessment after 2 weeks for test–retest analysis.

Results

Confirmatory factor analyses supported the first‐order model suggested in previous research. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78–0.87) and test–retest reliability (intra‐class correlation = 0.84) were demonstrated for the entire scale. Results also showed good convergent validity, demonstrating moderate negative associations between self‐compassion and mental illnesses, as expected, and acceptable divergent validity, demonstrating weak positive associations between self‐compassion and quality of life and mindfulness.

Discussion

The correlations between the SCS‐SF and the instruments used for validation were weaker in the clinical samples than the NC sample. This may be due to difficulties measuring these constructs or that the associations differ somewhat between different populations, which could warrant further research. The results added some support to the assumption that self‐compassion may overlap with mindfulness yet still represents a distinct construct.

Conclusions

Analyses of the SCS‐SF provided evidence of adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting use of the scale's total sum score and a first‐order factor structure. This is in accordance with previous evaluations of the SCS‐SF, suggesting that it is a reliable and time‐efficient instrument for measuring a general level of self‐compassion. This may be important when evaluating psychotherapy and investigating self‐compassion and its influence on psychiatric illness.
Methods to Study Mitochondria: Techniques Used to Study the Effects of Age‐Related Diseases Including Alzheimer's
Authors: Baig Javaria , Pradeepkiran Jangampalli Adi , Reddy P. Hemachandra
Published: January 2023

Various laboratories across the world have developed methods to study mitochondrial proteins/markers through extraction of mitochondrial RNA and protein to assess mitophagy/autophagy in Alzheimer's disease and other age‐related diseases. Techniques outlined in this article include qRT‐PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Seahorse bioanalysis, staining for mitochondrial membrane potential, detection of mitophagy, and mitochondrial functional assays. Most of these techniques have been performed in vitro (in human and mouse neuronal cell lines transfected with mutant amyloid precursor protein or tau protein cDNAs) and in vivo (in brain tissues from different mouse models of Alzheimer's and other neurological diseases). Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease have taken various forms, including excessive reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial calcium dyshomeostasis, loss of ATP, defects in mitochondrial dynamics and transport, and mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is largely involved in aging; age‐related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity; and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and others. The goal of this article is to make protocols/methods available to students, scholars, and researchers of mitochondria in order to facilitate future mitochondrial studies. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Analyzing mitochondrial gene expression in mouse brain tissue and HT22 cells by qRT‐PCR

Basic Protocol 2: Analyzing protein expression in mouse brain tissue and HT22 cells by immunoblotting

Basic Protocol 3: Immunofluorescence staining of cells and tissue sections

Basic Protocol 4: Staining for mitochondrial membrane potential

Basic Protocol 5: Assessing mitochondrial structure by transmission electron microscopy

Basic Protocol 6: Methods for detecting mitophagy

Basic Protocol 7: Bioenergetics assay via Seahorse

Basic Protocol 8: Assays for mitochondrial function
The interplay of specific hormonal profile in fruit parts of sunflower inbred lines with contrasting dormancy levels during germination and dormancy breaking by exogenous application of plant growth regulators
Authors: Bel Zoé Del , Andrade Andrea , Maddalena Marisa Della , Vigliocco Ana , Alemano Sergio
Published: January 2023

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed dormancy at harvest is an undesirable characteristic regarding productive systems. From a commercial point of view, the dormancy generates production and marketing problem with a negative impact on crop yields. To overcome this problem, we studied different treatments, including the application of growth regulators. In addition, as the interaction of various hormones in different sunflower fruit parts is not fully understood regarding regulation of dormancy and germination processes, we also (1) characterized the dormancy level of sunflower seeds of Xi3 and X274 inbred lines; (2) assessed the effect of exogenous growth regulators on dormancy release; (3) evaluated the endogenous content of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), auxins, and cytokinins (CKs) in embryonic axis, cotyledons, pericarp, and seed coat‐endosperm; and (4) analyzed the kinetics of the accumulation of these phytohormones in Xi3 embryonic axis during early imbibition (3 to 12 h) of cypselas treated, or not, with growth regulators effective in the dormancy release. We were able to classify the two sunflower lines studied according to dormancy level: The Xi3 line was dormant and X274 line was non‐dormant at harvest. The results showed that the dormancy of Xi3 seeds is associated with a high level of ABA, OPDA, and JA, while germination of X274 dry seeds at harvest time is related to high levels of GA1. Exogenous treatment with GA3 and Ethephon overcame Xi3 seed dormancy through the changes in endogenous hormonal profiles of the embryonic axis. The exogenous application of GA3 induced JA, SA, and CKs accumulation and to modify the ABA/GA1 ratio, whereas Ethephon treatments mediated the ABA/GA1 ratio with the consequent Xi3 seed germination. Thus, the interplay of different phytohormones during early imbibition time seems to be the responsible for breaking sunflower seed dormancy.
Rapid evolution of a bacterial parasite during outbreaks in two Daphnia populations
Authors: Shaw Clara L. , Duffy Meghan A.
Published: January 2023

Myriad ecological and evolutionary factors can influence whether a particular parasite successfully transmits to a new host during a disease outbreak, with consequences for the structure and diversity of parasite populations. However, even though the diversity and evolution of parasite populations are of clear fundamental and applied importance, we have surprisingly few studies that track how genetic structure of parasites changes during naturally occurring outbreaks in non‐human populations. Here, we used population genetic approaches to reveal how genotypes of a bacterial parasite, Pasteuria ramosa, change over time, focusing on how infecting P. ramosa genotypes change during the course of epidemics in Daphnia populations in two lakes. We found evidence for genetic change – and, therefore, evolution – of the parasite during outbreaks. In one lake, P. ramosa genotypes were structured by sampling date; in both lakes, genetic distance between groups of P. ramosa isolates increased with time between sampling. Diversity in parasite populations remained constant over epidemics, although one epidemic (which was large) had low genetic diversity while the other epidemic (which was small) had high genetic diversity. Our findings demonstrate that patterns of parasite evolution differ between outbreaks; future studies exploring the feedbacks among epidemic size, host diversity, and parasite genetic diversity would improve our understanding of parasite dynamics and evolution.
Content and quality of clinical practice guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes in India: A systematic review
Authors: Olujide Oluwasegun P. , Olujide Mariama E. , Leonardi‐Bee Jo , Chattopadhyay Kaushik
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Over the last few decades, India has witnessed an increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consequently, several clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed to assist western and traditional Indian medicine practitioners in managing this disease. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize the content and quality of these CPGs.

Methods

Several databases and sources were searched from inception to May 2022, to identify CPGs for managing adults with T2DM in India. The screening of titles and abstracts and full texts, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion or by involving a third reviewer. A data extraction tool from a previous study was adapted to extract the content of the included CPGs, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool was used to assess the quality of the included CPGs. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results

Of 3350 records identified, 11 were retrieved for full‐text screening and five CPGs were included in this systematic review—three focused on traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) and two focused on western medicine. These two western medicine CPGs contained comprehensive recommendations for managing T2DM but only one of these, the Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India/Endocrine Society of India (RSSDI/ESI) CPG, was of high quality.

Conclusions

Only one CPG can be recommended for managing T2DM by western medicine practitioners in India. Future CPGs, especially for traditional Indian medicine practitioners, should be developed and updated using the standard CPG manuals and quality appraisal tools.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42021279499).
Risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) with lamotrigine and other sodium channel‐modulating antiseizure medications
Authors: Nightscales Russell , Barnard Sarah , Laze Juliana , Chen Zhibin , Tao Gerard , Auvrez Clarissa , Sivathamboo Shobi , Cook Mark J. , Kwan Patrick , Friedman Daniel , Berkovic Samuel F. , D'Souza Wendyl , Perucca Piero , Devinsky Orrin , O'Brien Terence J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

In vitro data prompted U.S Food and Drug Administration warnings that lamotrigine, a common sodium channel modulating anti‐seizure medication (NaM‐ASM), could increase the risk of sudden death in patients with structural or ischaemic cardiac disease, however, its implications for Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) are unclear.

Methods

This retrospective, nested case–control study identified 101 sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases and 199 living epilepsy controls from Epilepsy Monitoring Units (EMUs) in Australia and the USA. Differences in proportions of lamotrigine and NaM‐ASM use were compared between cases and controls at the time of admission, and survival analyses from the time of admission up to 16 years were conducted. Multivariable logistic regression and survival analyses compared each ASM subgroup adjusting for SUDEP risk factors.

Results

Proportions of cases and controls prescribed lamotrigine (P = 0.166), one NaM‐ASM (P = 0.80), or ≥2NaM‐ASMs (P = 0.447) at EMU admission were not significantly different. Patients taking lamotrigine (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.56; P = 0.054), one NaM‐ASM (aHR = 0.8; P = 0.588) or ≥2 NaM‐ASMs (aHR = 0.49; P = 0.139) at EMU admission were not at increased SUDEP risk up to 16 years following admission. Active tonic–clonic seizures at EMU admission associated with >2‐fold SUDEP risk, irrespective of lamotrigine (aHR = 2.24; P = 0.031) or NaM‐ASM use (aHR = 2.25; P = 0.029). Sensitivity analyses accounting for incomplete ASM data at follow‐up suggest undetected changes to ASM use are unlikely to alter our results.

Significance

This study provides additional evidence that lamotrigine and other NaM‐ASMs are unlikely to be associated with an increased long‐term risk of SUDEP, up to 16 years post‐EMU admission.
A Novel Population of Slow Magnetosonic Waves and a Method for the Observation of the Roots of Plasma Bubbles in the Lower Ionosphere
Authors: Bennett Charles Lougheed
Published: January 2023

Using data from the Van Allen Probe and Swarm-Bravo satellites, evidence
for a persistent population of slow magnetosonic waves in the ionosphere
is presented. Dispersion relations from two-fluid analyses of waves in
warm plasma are used to interpret and explicate these observations.
These waves appear to be continuously present and globally distributed.
Their amplitudes systematically decrease with increasing altitude. The
amplitudes are also correlated with longitude in a manner consistent
with the global distribution of lightning strikes. Evidence for narrow
resonances in the Swarm data consistent with doppler shifted Schumann
resonance frequencies is presented. In addition, nearly dispersionless
fast magnetosonic waves are sometimes also seen. A new method for the
analysis of these waves suggests they show the existence of “foamy”
plasma bubble “roots” at the base of the ionosphere.
Multi-task unscented Kalman inversion (MUKI): a derivative-free joint inversion framework and its application to joint inversion of geophysic
Authors: Wang Longlong , Chen Yun , Liu Youshan , Du Nanqiao , Li Wei , Suwen Junliu
Published: January 2023

Unscented Kalman inversion is a novel method that uses unscented Kalman
filter to solve inverse problems. This paper applies it to inverse
multiple geophysical observations simultaneously (i.e., Multi-task
unscented Kalman inversion (MUKI)). In this method, the model parameters
are updated iteratively in a derivative-free way, and a Gaussian
approximation to the posterior distribution of the model parameters is
obtained. We apply the MUKI to the joint inversion of receiver functions
and surface wave dispersion. Synthetic and real data set tests have
shown that MUKI recovers the model more efficiently (within O(10)
iterations) than gradient-based methods and Markov chain Monte Carlo
methods.
Investment under uncertainty and irreversibility: Evidence from the shipping markets
Authors: Drakos Konstantinos , Tsouknidis Dimitris
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates whether uncertainty and irreversibility affect new investments for high‐value real assets. We examine ocean‐going vessels and show that heightened uncertainty reduces both the likelihood of investment triggering and the magnitude of investment spending, conditional on triggering. These effects are more pronounced under an illiquid secondary ship market and a high price discount when reselling the vessel. We also show that uncertainty regarding the global economy and vessel‐specific earnings affect the investment decision, but the amplifying effect of investment reversibility operates only through global economic uncertainty. Our work is novel as it models periods of investment inactivity and examines investors' behaviour across vessel segments.
Automatic diagnosis of ureteral stone and degree of hydronephrosis with proposed convolutional neural network, RelieF, and gradient‐weighted class activation mapping based deep hybrid model
Authors: Bugday Muhammet Serdar , Akcicek Mehmet , Bingol Harun , Yildirim Muhammed
Published: January 2023

Urinary system stone disease is a common disease group all over the world. Ureteral stones constitute 20% of all urinary system stones. Ureteral stones are important because they can cause hydronephrosis and related renal parenchymal damage in the kidneys. In the study, a hybrid model was developed to detect hydronephrosis and ureteral stones from kidney images. In the developed model, heat maps of the original images were obtained by using gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) technology. Then, feature maps were extracted from both the original and heatmap datasets using the Efficientnetb0 architecture. Extracted feature maps were concatenated using a multimodal fusion technique. In this way, different features of an image are obtained. This has a positive effect on the performance of the model. The Relief dimension reduction technique was used to eliminate unnecessary features in the obtained feature map so that the proposed model can work faster and more effectively. Finally, the optimized feature map is classified in the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To compare the performance of the proposed hybrid model, results were obtained with 8 state‐of‐the‐art models accepted in the literature. Among these models, the highest accuracy value was achieved in the Efficientnetb0 architecture with 67.98%, whereas the accuracy of the proposed hybrid model was 91.1%. This value indicates that the proposed model can be used for HUN diagnosis.
An evolutionary intelligent data analysis in promoting smart community
Authors: Zhao Zhi
Published: January 2023

Smart community construction is an integral part of smart city construction, and smart community management requires huge amounts of data as support. Currently, the data generated by some smart communities is scattered, and this data needs further analysis to realize value. This paper primarily studies data classification and parameter optimization. First, a novel K‐means clustering group support vector machines (SVM) method is proposed for data classification. For the parameter optimization problem of SVMs, evolutionary computation is used to seek the optimal solution through iterative evolution in a population composed of some feasible solutions. Then, the improved gray wolf optimization (iGWO) algorithm is used to optimize parameters and select features of SVM. Finally, to alleviate the situation that the minority samples are easily misjudged as noise samples due to the redundant features in the initial data, an oversampling method based on the iGWO and synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is proposed, called iGWO–SMOTE–SVM. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested approach on the six UCI datasets has acceptable accuracy, F1, and G‐Mean, which can well serve the construction of smart communities.
Dental student success: The predictive value of first‐year grades
Authors: Sabato Emily , Perez Herminio , Jiang Shuying
Published: January 2023

Purpose/objectives

This study investigates the relationship between first‐year grades and cumulative grades at the end of dental school to explore trends in academic performance in the predoctoral dental curriculum. The objective of this research is to provide information to inform student support efforts for predoctoral dental programs.

Methods

Academic records for 156 students who completed their first year (D1) of predoctoral dental education in 2015/2016 were reviewed. The analysis reviews outcomes at the end of D1 and the end of the 4‐year curriculum. The outcomes of this study are grade point average (GPA) at the end of the 4‐year traditional dental school curriculum, grouped as basic science, preclinical, preclinical laboratory, translational, and clinical. Regression analyses were performed for each outcome. A GPA change of 0.5 was employed to demonstrate change, as it represented half a letter grade.

Result

The analysis found first‐year grades to be related to 4‐year academic outcomes. For example, a 0.5‐grade point score increase in the first‐year basic science GPA was associated with a 0.503 increase in basic science GPA. However, a 0.5‐grade point increase in first‐year annual GPA was associated with a 0.084 increase in the clinical science GPA. First‐year annual GPA was the only significant predictor variable for overall 4‐year GPA; a 0.5‐grade point increase in the first‐year annual GPA was associated with a 0.386 increase in overall GPA.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that academic and personal support in the first year of dental school is paramount in supporting student success in predoctoral dental education.
Identification of bibenzyls and evaluation of imitative wild planting techniques in Dendrobium officinale by HPLC‐ESI‐MSn
Authors: Meng Yuanjun , Wang Yawen , Zhang Lin , Li Jinyan , Hu Li , Wu Zhanghua , Yang Li'e , Wei Gang , Huang Yuechun
Published: January 2023

Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese herb with beneficial properties. Modern pharmacological studies show that bibenzyl is one of the antitumor active ingredients, but there is no effective quality control method for identifying ingredients. In this study, the composition of bibenzyls in Dendrobium officinale was studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MSn). A total of nine isolated bibenzyls and their glycosides, 22 bis (bibenzyls), and two phenylpropanol bibenzyl derivatives were identified. The results of HPLC characteristic chromatogram analysis and statistical analysis showed that the relative content of bibenzyls in wild imitation cultivation of samples had been significantly higher than that in greenhouse cultivation. In addition, the relative content of bibenzyls increased with the growth of the original plant. This study provided a scientific reference for controlling the quality of bibenzyls in Dendrobium officinale, developing the cultivation technology and improving the quality of Dendrobium officinale.

Highlights

HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for the analysis of bibenzyls and bis (bibenzyls) in Dendrobium officinale.

Easy‐to‐use method facilitating rapid measurement of large sample quantities.

The method requires only small volumes of samples for the analysis.

Applicable for the establishment of Chinese medicine studies and the quality control standard of Chinese herbs.
Mitigating the allergenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 1 by cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet
Authors: Hsu Fu‐Chiun , Lin Wan‐Ting , Hsieh Kuan‐Chen , Cheng Kuan‐Chen , Wu James Swi‐Bea , Ting Yuwen
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Peanut allergy is recognized as a major food allergy that triggers severe and even fatal symptoms. Avoidance of peanuts in the diet is the main option for current safety management. Processing techniques reducing peanut allergenicity are required to develop other options. Cold plasma is currently considered as a novel non‐thermal approach to alter protein structure and has the potential to alleviate immunoreactivity of protein allergen.

RESULTS

The application of a cold argon plasma jet to peanut protein extract could reduce the amount of a 64 kDa protein band corresponding to a major peanut allergen Ara h 1 using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but the overall protein size distribution did not change significantly. A decrease in peanut protein solubility was a possible cause that led to the loss of protein content in the soluble fraction. Immunoblotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay elucidated that the immunoreactivity of Ara h 1 was significantly decreased with the time treated with plasma. Ara h 1 antigenicity reduced by 38% after five scans (approximately 3 min) of cold argon plasma jet treatment, and the reduction was up to 66% after approximately 15 min of treatment.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that cold argon plasma jet treatment could be a suitable platform for alleviating the immunoreactivity of peanut protein. This work demonstrates an efficient, compact, and rapid platform for mitigating the allergenicity of peanuts, and shows great potential for the plasma platform as a non‐thermal technique in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Irregular cusps of ball quotients
Authors: Maeda Yota
Published: January 2023

We study the branch divisors on the boundary of the canonical toroidal compactification of ball quotients. We show a criterion, the low slope cusp form trick, for proving that ball quotients are of general type. Moreover, we classify when irregular cusps exist in the case of the discriminant kernel and construct concrete examples for some arithmetic subgroups. As another direction of study, when a complex ball is embedded into a Hermitian symmetric domain of type IV, we determine when regular or irregular cusps map to regular or irregular cusps studied by Ma.
Use of intraoperative indocyanine green angiography for detection and prediction of congestion in pedicled island flaps
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Karakawa Ryo , Scaglioni Mario F. , Fuse Yuma , Yano Tomoyuki
Published: January 2023

Background

Pedicled island flaps, including pedicled propeller flaps and pedicled transposition flaps, are widely used especially for coverage of soft tissue defects in the extremities and the trunk. However, due to its mobility limitations, the inset of the pedicled flaps can be challenging at times, especially when rotation or pressure is applied to the pedicle. The aim of this report is to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography for detection and prediction of intraoperative and postoperative flap congestion in pedicled island flaps.

Patients and Methods

From June 2018 to November 2021, 26 consecutive patients who underwent immediate reconstruction using the pedicled island flap after sarcoma resection were enrolled. ICG angiography was performed after elevation of the flap, after temporary flap fixation, and after final flap inset. Sensitivity and specificity of the last ICG angiography were calculated.

Results

In 22 cases where the last ICG angiography highlighting showed a satisfactory flap, the flap survived completely. In four cases where the flap was not highlighted by the final ICG angiography but did not show other clinical signs of congestion, all flaps underwent total loss due to congestion. The sensitivity and specificity of the final ICG angiography for predicting postoperative flap congestion were both 100%.

Conclusion

ICG angiography can accurately predict postoperative congestion of the pedicled island flap, with extremely high sensitivity and specificity. When the flap is insufficiently highlighted after final flap inset, other measures should be considered.
Real‐time radial reconstruction with domain transform manifold learning for MRI‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Waddington David E. J. , Hindley Nicholas , Koonjoo Neha , Chiu Christopher , Reynolds Tess , Liu Paul Z. Y. , Zhu Bo , Bhutto Danyal , Paganelli Chiara , Keall Paul J. , Rosen Matthew S.
Published: January 2023

Background

MRI‐guidance techniques that dynamically adapt radiation beams to follow tumor motion in real time will lead to more accurate cancer treatments and reduced collateral healthy tissue damage. The gold‐standard for reconstruction of undersampled MR data is compressed sensing (CS) which is computationally slow and limits the rate that images can be available for real‐time adaptation.

Purpose

Once trained, neural networks can be used to accurately reconstruct raw MRI data with minimal latency. Here, we test the suitability of deep‐learning‐based image reconstruction for real‐time tracking applications on MRI‐Linacs.

Methods

We use automated transform by manifold approximation (AUTOMAP), a generalized framework that maps raw MR signal to the target image domain, to rapidly reconstruct images from undersampled radial k‐space data. The AUTOMAP neural network was trained to reconstruct images from a golden‐angle radial acquisition, a benchmark for motion‐sensitive imaging, on lung cancer patient data and generic images from ImageNet. Model training was subsequently augmented with motion‐encoded k‐space data derived from videos in the YouTube‐8M dataset to encourage motion robust reconstruction.

Results

AUTOMAP models fine‐tuned on retrospectively acquired lung cancer patient data reconstructed radial k‐space with equivalent accuracy to CS but with much shorter processing times. Validation of motion‐trained models with a virtual dynamic lung tumor phantom showed that the generalized motion properties learned from YouTube lead to improved target tracking accuracy.

Conclusion

AUTOMAP can achieve real‐time, accurate reconstruction of radial data. These findings imply that neural‐network‐based reconstruction is potentially superior to alternative approaches for real‐time image guidance applications.
A unified rational Krylov method for elliptic and parabolic fractional diffusion problems
Authors: Danczul Tobias , Hofreither Clemens , Schöberl Joachim
Published: January 2023

We present a unified framework to efficiently approximate solutions to fractional diffusion problems of stationary and parabolic type. After discretization, we can take the point of view that the solution is obtained by a matrix‐vector product of the form , where is the discretization matrix of the spatial operator, a prescribed vector, and a parametric function, such as a fractional power or the Mittag‐Leffler function. In the abstract framework of Stieltjes and complete Bernstein functions, to which the functions we are interested in belong to, we apply a rational Krylov method and prove uniform convergence when using poles based on Zolotarëv's minimal deviation problem. The latter are particularly suited for fractional diffusion as they allow for an efficient query of the map and do not degenerate as the fractional parameters approach zero. We also present a variety of both novel and existing pole selection strategies for which we develop a computable error certificate. Our numerical experiments comprise a detailed parameter study of space‐time fractional diffusion problems and compare the performance of the poles with the ones predicted by our certificate.
Residual‐based a posteriori error estimates for nonconforming finite element approximation to parabolic interface problems
Authors: Ray Tanushree , Sinha Rajen Kumar
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we derive a residual‐based a posteriori error estimates for nonconforming finite element approximation to parabolic interface problems. The present approach does not involve the Helmholtz decomposition while analyzing the reliability of the estimator. The constants involved in the estimators are independent of the jump of the diffusion coefficient across the interface, and the quasi‐monotonocity assumption on the diffusion coefficient is relaxed. The reliability bound of the estimator consists of the element residual, the edge flux jump and the edge solution jump. The efficiency of the estimator is analyzed by employing a coarsening strategy introduced by Chen and Feng's study. We derive both global upper bound and a local lower bound for the error and an adaptive space–time algorithm is prescribed using the derived estimators. Numerical results illustrating the behavior of the estimators are provided.
Inverse problems for discontinuous Dirac operator with eigenparameter dependent boundary and transmission conditions
Authors: Güldü Yalçın , Arslantaş Merve
Published: January 2023

In this study, we consider the discontinuous Dirac equations system with eigenparameter dependent boundary and finite number of transmission conditions. First, the space that corresponds to problem is introduced, the norm on this space is defined and the operator model that corresponds to the given problem is constructed on this space. Then the integral equations and asymptotics of eigenfunctions of the problem are obtained. The characteristic function is defined and the asymptotic formula of the characteristic function is given by using obtained asymptotics of eigenfunctions. After the Weyl solution and the Weyl function of the problem are formed. Finally, some uniqueness theorems are proved by using Weyl function and some spectral data.
Highly rigid and functional poly(benzimidazole sulfone)s from 5,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐one monomer
Authors: Xu Wei , Su Yumiao , Ding Yulin , Li Chenjie , Li Wenmu
Published: January 2023

A series of poly(benzimidazole sulfone)s (PBSs) and poly(benzimidazole ketone)s (PBKs) containing 5,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐one (MBIO) have been synthesized by C–N/C–O coupling with different percentages of three other diphenol monomers under similar conditions. The structure of PBS‐MBs and PBK‐MBs was confirmed using 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and X‐ray diffraction data revealed that all the polymers are in an amorphous state. Due to the introduction of methoxy, the polymers were more soluble in common aprotic polar solvents. The intrinsic viscosity of the synthesized polymers was measured with an Ubbelohde viscometer, ranging from 0.38 to 1.35 dL g−1. The MBIO‐based polymers have a remarkably good thermal stability with a high glass transition temperature of up to 305.1 °C. Furthermore, the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission from homopolymers is around 414 nm with emission of blue light in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution (1 mg L−1) and around 530 nm in films. They also showed low dielectric constants (κ = 2.60–3.10 at 1 MHz) and low water absorption (0.22–0.58%). It was encouraging to discover that these polymers have potential utility for the microelectronics industry, in which good solubility facilitates processing and molding, excellent thermal stability allows devices to be used under harsh conditions, low water absorption prevents device expansion and shrinkage and low dielectric constant is desired to prevent crosstalk between conducting paths. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Uncovering common pathobiological processes between COVID‐19 and pulmonary arterial hypertension by integrating Omics data
Authors: Wang Rui‐Sheng , Loscalzo Joseph
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which led to the current pandemic. Many factors, including age and comorbidities, influence the severity and mortality of COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can cause pulmonary vascular dysfunction. The COVID‐19 case‐fatality rate in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is higher in comparison with the general population. In this study, we aimed to identify pathobiological processes common to COVID‐19 and PAH by utilizing the human protein–protein interactome and whole‐genome transcription data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and from lung tissue. We found that there are significantly more interactions between SARS‐CoV‐2 targets and PAH disease proteins than expected by chance, suggesting that the PAH disease module is in the neighborhood of SARS‐CoV‐2 targets in the human interactome. In addition, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced changes in gene expression significantly overlap with PAH‐induced gene expression changes in both tissues, indicating SARS‐CoV‐2 and PAH may share common transcriptional regulators. We identified many upregulated genes and downregulated genes common to COVID‐19 and PAH. Interestingly, we observed different co‐regulation patterns and dysfunctional signaling pathways in PBMCs versus lung tissue. Endophenotype enrichment analysis revealed that genes regulating fibrosis, inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, immune response, and thromboembolism are significantly enriched in the COVID‐19‐PAH co‐expression modules. We examined the network proximity of the targets of repositioned drugs for COVID‐19 to the co‐expression modules in PBMCs and lung tissue, and identified 42 drugs that can be potentially used for COVID‐19 patients with PAH as a comorbidity. The uncovered common pathobiological pathways are crucial for discovering therapeutic targets and designing tailored treatments for COVID‐19 patients who also have PAH.
Evaluating the predictive performance of subtyping: A criterion for cluster mean‐based prediction
Authors: Katahira Kentaro
Published: January 2023

Heterogeneity is a frequent issue in population data analyses in medicine, biology, and the social sciences. A common approach for handling heterogeneity is to use a clustering algorithm to group similar samples, considering samples within the same group to be homogeneous. This approach is known as “subtyping” or “subgrouping.” Methods for evaluating the validity of subtyping have yet to be fully established. In this study, we propose the cost of cluster mean‐based prediction (CCMP) as a metric for evaluating the accuracy of predictions based on subtyping. By selecting the minimum CCMP among several candidate clustering results, the optimal subtype classification in terms of prediction accuracy can be determined. The computational implementation of the CCMP is validated with numerical experiments. We also examine some properties of subtype classification selected by CCMP.
Alkaline Extracted Purified Polysaccharide from Hulless Barley Grass and Its Proliferation Inhibitory Effect Against Cancer Cells
Authors: Xu Yijuan , Hua Weifeng , Xu Haoran , Corke Harold , Huang Wuyang , Sui Zhongquan
Published: January 2023

Hulless barley (HB) grass is a potential resource of functional food. In this study, the proliferation inhibitory effect against cancer cells of an alkaline extracted polysaccharide (APP) from HB grass (HBG) is analyzed. The yield of crude alkaline extracted polysaccharide (APC) reaches 15.1%. After purification, the purity and polydispersity index (PDI) of the APP are 98.3% and 1.38, respectively. The molecular weight of APP is 5.1 × 105 Da, whereas the number‐average molecular weight of APP is 3.7 × 105 Da. APP is composed of arabinose (37.8%), xylose (41.3%), glucose (4.6%), and galactose (16.3%). According to the infrared spectral analysis, APP is found to contain β‐glycosidic bonds. Moreover, APP possesses significant cell proliferation inhibitory effects against various cancer cell lines, such as 4T1, HT29, Caco‐2, and CT26.WT in a dose‐dependent manner. Notably, the IC50 value of 4T1 reaches 7.56 mg mL−1, which indicates that APP from HBG has a potential anti‐cancer effect in vitro. It may be further investigated as an ingredient or nutraceutical for development and utilization in functional foods to prevent or treat cancer and related diseases.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural for sustainable 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid production—From mechanism to catalysts design
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Li Wei , Liu Yanxia , Zhao Lin , Chen Zhikai , Zhang Lan , Zhang Yagang , Yun Sining
Published: January 2023

Catalytic conversion of biomass‐based platform chemicals is one of the significant approaches to utilize renewable biomass resources. 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), obtained by an electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), has attracted extensive attention due to the potential of replacing terephthalic acid to synthesize high‐performance polymeric materials for commercialization. In the present work, the pH‐dependent reaction pathways and factors influencing the degree of functional group oxidation are first discussed. Then the reaction mechanism of HMF oxidation is further elucidated using the representative examples. In addition, the emerging catalyst design strategies (defects, interface engineering) used in HMF oxidation are generalized, and structure–activity relationships between the abovementioned strategies and catalysts performance are analyzed. Furthermore, cathode pairing reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen reduction reaction, and thermodynamically favorable organic reactions to lower the cell voltage of the electrolysis system, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the electrochemical oxidation of HMF for FDCA are presented, focusing on deeply investigated reaction mechanism, coupling reaction, reactor design, and downstream product separation/purification.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation Approaches to Isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐ones
Authors: Tang Xiao , Ding Songtao , Song Liangliang , Van der Eycken. Erik V.
Published: January 2023

The isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐one scaffold is widely present in lots of bioactive natural products. Diverse types of strategies have been developed to construct this scaffold. Recently, transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation/annulation is emerging as a powerful and straightforward method to construct diverse polyheterocycles with high atom‐ and step‐economy. It also has been employed for the synthesis of the isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐one scaffold. This review provides an introduction to recent advances for the preparation of isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐ones by using transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation/annulation. It will help researchers to find hidden opportunities and accelerate the discovery of novel transformations based on C−H activation/annulation.
Understanding Literacies in Latinx Families: Teachers Using Home Visits to Reimagine Classroom Practices
Authors: Paulick Judy , Kibler Amanda K. , Palacios Natalia
Published: January 2023

Children from Latinx families bring rich and varied literacy practices and cultural models to their classrooms. When teachers are able to recognize these assets, they have opportunities to make their teaching more responsive and engaging. One way to learn about these assets is through relationship‐building, assets‐framed home visits. In this article, we remind teachers of the exciting breadth of family literacy practices, particularly with regard to Latinx families and children. We provide guidance for home visits that center and honor families, build relationships, and inform teachers. We conclude with suggestions for translating what teachers learn into richer literacy instruction.
A Curvature Inequality Characterizing Totally Geodesic Null Hypersurfaces
Authors: Olea Benjamín
Published: January 2023

A well-known application of the Raychaudhuri equation shows that, under geodesic completeness, totally geodesic null hypersurfaces are unique which satisfy that the Ricci curvature is nonnegative in the null direction. The proof of this fact is based on a direct analysis of a differential inequality. In this paper, we show, without assuming the geodesic completeness, that an inequality involving the squared null mean curvature and the Ricci curvature in a compact three-dimensional null hypersurface also implies that it is totally geodesic. The proof is completely different from the above, since Riemannanian tools are used in the null hypersurface thanks to the rigging technique.
Aspiration von Aktivkohle: Organbefunde nach Fehllage einer Magensonde mit 18-tägiger Überlebenszeit
Authors: Bohnert S. , Kircher S. , Markus C. , Bohnert M. , Preiß U.
Published: January 2023

Laut Statistischem Bundesamt wurden 2016 in Deutschland 178.425 Vergiftungsfälle im Krankenhaus behandelt. Zu den klinischen Sofortmaßnahmen gehören Verfahren zur Verhinderung weiterer Giftresorption. Die Anwendung von Aktivkohle wird dabei als Dekontaminationsverfahren der ersten Wahl nach peroralen Vergiftungen angesehen. Ein 14 Jahre alt gewordenes Mädchen habe in fraglich suizidaler Absicht mehrere Tabletten Amitriptylin eingenommen. Im erstbehandelnden Krankenhaus sei ihr eine unbekannte Menge an Aktivkohle über eine Magensonde verabreicht worden. Aufgrund der Fehllage der Magensonde wurde die Aktivkohle jedoch endotracheal appliziert. Danach erfolgte die Verlegung an ein Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung. Trotz intensivmedizinischer Therapie sei das Mädchen nach 18 Tagen an einem akutem Lungenversagen nach massiver Aspiration von Aktivkohle verstorben. Bei der gerichtlichen Obduktion und der anschließenden mikroskopischen Untersuchung fielen sowohl eine heterogene Verteilung der intraalveolär gelegenen, variabel dichten Ansammlungen der Aktivkohle in allen Lungenlappen als auch mehrzeitige, akute sowie chronische entzündliche Veränderungen im Lungenparenchym auf. Darüber hinaus konnte Aktivkohle innerhalb der Lebersinusoide sowie in den Tubuli des Nierenparenchyms nachgewiesen werden.
Effect of multifunctional irrigation on grape quality: a case study in Northern Italy
Authors: Davide Bianchi , Martino Bolognini , Lucio Brancadoro , Sara Cazzaniga , Daniele Ferrari , Daniele Masseroni , Davide Modina , Bianca Ortuani , Carola Pozzoli , Claudio Gandolfi
Published: January 2023

In recent decades, worldwide wine-growing regions have been affected by increasingly more frequent effects of climate change, such as long period of droughts during the growing season, summer heat waves, and late spring frost events, thus causing concern for the grape quality and production. In this context, it is necessary to develop innovative agronomic practices to counter the various negative effects from those extreme weather events, by equipping the vineyards with effective and reliable multifunctional systems, which are also economically sustainable. Particularly, a multifunctional irrigation system can be used to reduce the risk of extreme weather events and, at the same time, to improve quality and quantity of grape production, reducing their inter-annual variability as well, by providing an optimized plant water nutrition. In a vineyard situated south of Lake Garda (Northern Italy), a multifunctional irrigation system equipped with drippers and mini-sprinklers (the latter to protect from both late spring frost and summer high-temperature event) was assessed. The results obtained for the growing season 2020–21 showed that the optimized drip irrigation reduced water consumption without affecting the grape yield, both in quantity and quality. The frost protection operated by mini-sprinklers increased the air temperature at bud’s level of about 1 °C, suggesting a positive effect on plant production. Finally, in 2020, must quality was positively affected by summer sprinkler irrigation, increasing the levels of malic acid and titratable acidity of over 0.7 g L−1 while lowered total soluble solids. Further activities in the 2022 season intend to better assess the water use efficiency of this promising multifunctional system.