bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Determinants of Active Commuting to School in Slovenia
Authors: Jurak Gregor , Sorić Maroje , Ocvirk Tjaša , Potočnik Žan Luca , Meh Kaja , Đurić Saša , Sember Vedrana , Starc Gregor
Published: December 2021

There is a growing body of literature reporting the health benefits of active commuting to school. This study investigated barriers and determinants of active commuting in children in Slovenia living within walking or cycling distance to school, i.e., 3 km. The sample consisted of 339 children (163 girls) aged 11–14 years who reported their mode of commuting, as well as their parents who described the socioeconomic environment of the family. Every third child in this study traveled to school exclusively by car/public transport, while every fifth participant used a passive means of transport when returning home from school. Potential household poverty, education of the mother and parental encouragement for physical activity were not associated with the commuting mode. In addition, conformist family barriers dominated among reasons for not choosing active commuting. A distance to school that was perceived to be too long was the most frequently cited barrier (72% of participants who passively commuted in both directions), followed by concern about being late for school (38% of participants who passively commute in one direction). Parents from all social strata who drive their children to school in either one or both directions while living in a walking or cycling range are a promising target population for active commuting interventions.
The Gap between Higher Business Education and Business Expectations: The Case of Poland
Authors: Tyrańska Małgorzata , Łapczyński Mariusz , Walczak Maciej , Ziębicki Bernard
Published: December 2021

Employers expect business school graduates to possess a wide and diverse range of competencies, because the conditions governing the operations of enterprises are subject to constant and dynamic change. Therefore, adjusting study programs to labor market requirements is one of the main challenges faced by higher education institutions, particularly business schools. Therefore, the expectations of potential employers have become an object of detailed study for most universities. The most frequently applied research approach adopted for such studies involves direct surveys of employer opinions, based on various types of questionnaires. An alternative method is textual analysis of job advertisements using analytical tools that automate the research process. The aim of this article is to identify the gap between the business education offer and the expectations of the labor market in Poland, as well as to show the possibility of using the analysis of the contents of job advertisements to identify employer expectations regarding the competencies of university graduates. The presented research is exploratory in nature, with four questions posed by the authors during the research process. The research is innovative with regard to Poland and in relation to graduates of business schools.
Governance Trends among New EU Member States: Is There Institutional Convergence?
Authors: Vučković Valentina , Šimić Banović Ružica , Basarac Sertić Martina
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this paper is to explore the institutional convergence of Central and Eastern European Union member countries as a possible consequence of both the transfer of selected Western formal institutions to those countries and the adoption of acquis communautaire. This issue dates back to the beginning of the 1990s when the predominant expectation was that the successful formal institutions in Western countries would yield the same results in transition countries. In the meantime, mainly because of informal constraints, this has shown to be a misconception in most cases. The methodology used in the paper is twofold. First, by means of descriptive statistics, and using the varieties of capitalism approach, we show that, when analysing institutional quality using the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), there are two divergent groups of EU countries. The first group consists of Liberal, Nordic, and Continental countries, and the second consists of Mediterranean and CEE member states that are further divided into liberal and coordinated market economies. Second, based on the calculation of the σ- and unconditional β-convergence of governance trends in the period 1996–2019, we empirically confirm that there are also variations within the CEE countries as well as within the specific dimensions of governance.
PV-EV Integrated Home Energy Management Considering Residential Occupant Behaviors
Authors: Liu Xuebo , Wu Yingying , Wu Hongyu
Published: December 2021

Rooftop photovoltaics (PV) and electrical vehicles (EV) have become more economically viable to residential customers. Most existing home energy management systems (HEMS) only focus on the residential occupants’ thermal comfort in terms of indoor temperature and humidity while neglecting their other behaviors or concerns. This paper aims to integrate residential PV and EVs into the HEMS in an occupant-centric manner while taking into account the occupants’ thermal comfort, clothing behaviors, and concerns on the state-of-charge (SOC) of EVs. A stochastic adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) model was proposed to optimally determine the setpoints of heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), occupant’s clothing decisions, and the EV’s charge/discharge schedule while considering uncertainties in the outside temperature, PV generation, and EV’s arrival SOC. The nonlinear and nonconvex thermal comfort model, EV SOC concern model, and clothing behavior model were holistically embedded in the ADP-HEMS model. A model predictive control framework was further proposed to simulate a residential house under the time of use tariff, such that it continually updates with optimal appliance schedules decisions passed to the house model. Cosimulations were carried out to compare the proposed HEMS with a baseline model that represents the current operational practice. The result shows that the proposed HEMS can reduce the energy cost by 68.5% while retaining the most comfortable thermal level and negligible EV SOC concerns considering the occupant’s behaviors.
Influence of Iron Filing Waste on the Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Wang Yu , Latief Roaa H. , Al-Mosawe Hasan , Mohammad Hussein K. , Albayati Amjad , Haynes Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Recently, interest in the use of projectiles in research on recycling waste materials for construction applications has grown. Using recycled materials for the construction of asphalt concrete pavement, in the meantime, has become a topic of research due to its significant benefits, such as cost savings and reduced environmental impacts. This study reports on comprehensive experimental research conducted using a typical mechanical milling waste, iron filing waste (IFW), as an alternative fine aggregate for warm mix asphalt (WMA) for pavement wearing surface applications. A type of IFW from a local machine workshop was used to replace the conventional fine aggregate, fine natural sand (FNS), at percentages of 25%, 50% 75%, and 100% by the weight of FNS of the size passing sieve No. 50. Experimental tests were conducted on the mixes to compare their Marshall properties, resilient moduli, rutting and fatigue resistance, and moisture susceptibility. Finally, a performance analysis was carried out using the VESYS 5W software on the constructed pavement using the IFW mixes. Both the experiment and the modeling work demonstrated that IFW can be an effective alternative resource for replacing natural fine aggregate in WMA concrete and provided details on the optimum rate based on the comprehensive data obtained first hand.
Dynamics Variation of Soil Labile Organic Carbon Fractions in Different Wetland Types of Dongting Lake under Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation
Authors: Xiao Ye , Huang Zhigang , Li Youfeng , Ling Yulin , Xiao Hanxi
Published: December 2021

Soil labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions are very sensitive to environmental change and closely related to soil quality. They play an important role in the study of terrestrial carbon cycles. This study aimed to explore the sensitivity of soil LOC fractions to environmental changes and analyze their main influencing factors during three seasonal water level periods for scientific management of Dongting Lake wetlands. Soil under three typical wetland types (Carextristachya wetland (CTW), Phragmites australis wetland (PAW) and Salix babylonica (SBW)) in East Dongting Lake in China were collected during the normal season (May), rainy season (August) and dry season (December). Seasonal dynamics of soil LOC fractions (i.e., dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and easily oxidized carbon (EOC)) within these wetlands and their relationship to soil nutrients and carbon-cycle enzyme activity were analyzed. The results showed that the soil DOC contents of the three wetlands first increased and then decreased, with the exception of CTW from the normal season to the dry season, while the seasonal changes of soil MBC and EOC for all wetlands followed an opposite pattern. CTW had the largest DOC concentration (228.29 mg·kg−1) during dry season, while the highest contents of soil DOC, MBC and EOC were found in PAW during the three observed seasons, which ranged from 82.05 to 203.60 mg·kg−1, 262.54 to 325.74 mg·kg−1 and 3.30 to 4.61 g·kg−1, respectively. However, the contents of soil DOC and their proportions to soil organic carbon (SOC) of all wetlands during the normal season were 56.58~82.05 mg·kg−1 and 0.41~0.47%, respectively, which were the lowest among the three seasons. Nevertheless, the contents of both MBC and EOC as well as their ratios to SOC in these wetlands showed similar seasonal dynamics, with the lowest values recorded in the rainy season. From the normal season to the dry season, invertase activity in all wetlands increased, while cellulase activity decreased by 12.5–31.3%. The seasonal variation of catalase activity for all wetlands was less distinctive, and the highest enzyme activity was during the rainy season. Correlation analysis revealed that soil LOC fractions for all wetlands were closely related to SOC, TN, TP and invertase for the three seasons, especially during the rainy season, but were negatively correlated with TK, cellulase and catalase activity. Generally, soil LOC fractions of the three wetlands were affected by the seasonal fluctuations of water levels and presented different distribution characteristics.
Evaluation of Road Safety Performance Based on Self-Reported Behaviour Data Set
Authors: Pajković Vladimir , Grdinić-Rakonjac Mirjana
Published: December 2021

Self-reported behavioural data, being often linguistic variables that represent a qualitative measure of respondents’ opinions/attitudes, are vague, uncertain, and fuzzy in nature. A road safety performance index, based on these fuzzy data, should consider this uncertainty. In this study, fuzzy numbers were used to describe self-reported behaviour on Montenegrin roads, which was further integrated into the data envelopment analysis (DEA), a technique for measuring the relative performance of decision-making units (DMUs). The vagueness of the performance scores obtained in this way was treated with grey relational analysis (GRA). GRA was applied to the cross-efficiency (CE) matrix constructed by the DEA to distinguish Montenegrin municipalities’ performance, with the main goal of describing road safety in the observed territories in the environment of uncertain/grey data. It is concluded that the proposed DEA–GRA model, based on fuzzy data, provides a more reasonable and encompassing measure of performance, and with which the overall ranking position of municipalities can be obtained.
Asymmetric Lateralization during Pain Processing
Authors: Roza Carolina , Martinez-Padilla Anabel
Published: December 2021

Pain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage”. This complex perception arises from the coordinated activity of several brain areas processing either sensory–discriminative or affective–motivational components. Functional studies performed in healthy volunteers revealed that affective–emotional components of pain are processed bilaterally but present a clear lateralization towards the right hemisphere, regardless of the site of stimulation. Studies at the cellular level performed in experimental animal models of pain have shown that neuronal activity in the right amygdala is clearly pronociceptive, whilst activation of neurons in the left amygdala might even exert antinociceptive effects. A shift in lateralization becomes evident during the development of chronic pain; thus, in patients with neuropathic pain symptoms, there is increased activity in ipsilateral brain areas related with pain. These observations extend the asymmetrical left–right lateralization within the nervous system and provide a new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of chronic forms of pain. In this article, we will review experimental data from preclinical and human studies on functional lateralization in the brain during pain processing, which will help to explain the affective disorders associated with persistent, chronic pain.
Trichosanthis Semen Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation by Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and HO-1 Expression in Microglia
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Ju In , Choi Yujin , Park Sangsu , Oh Myung
Published: December 2021

Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia that release various inflammatory cytokines, is a typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Hence, alleviating neuroinflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory action, and upregulating anti-inflammatory action of microglia is an efficient therapeutic target for NDDs. In this study, we evaluated whether trichosanthis semen (TS), a dried ripe seed of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz, reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation by regulating microglial responses in vitro and in vivo. Our results presented that TS reduced the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 via inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, TS induced anti-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-10, found in inflammatory zone 1, and chitinase 3-like 3 by the upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). We further confirmed that TS administration suppressed microglial activation, but enhanced HO-1 expression in LPS-injected mice. These results suggest that TS has anti-neuroinflammatory effects via inhibition of NF-κB signaling through the activation of HO-1, and that TS may be a therapeutical candidate for NDDs treatment.
Adenovirus Biology, Recombinant Adenovirus, and Adenovirus Usage in Gene Therapy
Authors: Watanabe Maki , Nishikawaji Yuya , Kawakami Hirotaka , Kosai Ken-ichiro
Published: December 2021

Gene therapy is currently in the public spotlight. Several gene therapy products, including oncolytic virus (OV), which predominantly replicates in and kills cancer cells, and COVID-19 vaccines have recently been commercialized. Recombinant adenoviruses, including replication-defective adenoviral vector and conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA; oncolytic adenovirus), have been extensively studied and used in clinical trials for cancer and vaccines. Here, we review the biology of wild-type adenoviruses, the methodological principle for constructing recombinant adenoviruses, therapeutic applications of recombinant adenoviruses, and new technologies in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative medicine. Moreover, this article describes the technology platform for efficient construction of diverse “CRAs that can specifically target tumors with multiple factors” (m-CRAs). This technology allows for modification of four parts in the adenoviral E1 region and the subsequent insertion of a therapeutic gene and promoter to enhance cancer-specific viral replication (i.e., safety) as well as therapeutic effects. The screening study using the m-CRA technology successfully identified survivin-responsive m-CRA (Surv.m-CRA) as among the best m-CRAs, and clinical trials of Surv.m-CRA are underway for patients with cancer. This article also describes new recombinant adenovirus-based technologies for solving issues in PSC-based regenerative medicine.
High-Fat High-Sugar Diet-Induced Changes in the Lipid Metabolism Are Associated with Mildly Increased COVID-19 Severity and Delayed Recovery in the Syrian Hamster
Authors: Port Julia R. , Adney Danielle R. , Schwarz Benjamin , Schulz Jonathan E. , Sturdevant Daniel E. , Smith Brian J. , Avanzato Victoria A. , Holbrook Myndi G. , Purushotham Jyothi N. , Stromberg Kaitlin A. , Leighton Ian , Bosio Catharine M. , Shaia Carl , Munster Vincent J.
Published: December 2021

Pre-existing comorbidities such as obesity or metabolic diseases can adversely affect the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Chronic metabolic disorders are globally on the rise and often a consequence of an unhealthy diet, referred to as a Western Diet. For the first time in the Syrian hamster model, we demonstrate the detrimental impact of a continuous high-fat high-sugar diet on COVID-19 outcome. We observed increased weight loss and lung pathology, such as exudate, vasculitis, hemorrhage, fibrin, and edema, delayed viral clearance and functional lung recovery, and prolonged viral shedding. This was accompanied by an altered, but not significantly different, systemic IL-10 and IL-6 profile, as well as a dysregulated serum lipid response dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylethanolamine, partially recapitulating cytokine and lipid responses associated with severe human COVID-19. Our data support the hamster model for testing restrictive or targeted diets and immunomodulatory therapies to mediate the adverse effects of metabolic disease on COVID-19.
Vector Competence of the Invasive Mosquito Species Aedes koreicus for Arboviruses and Interference with a Novel Insect Specific Virus
Authors: Jansen Stephanie , Cadar Dániel , Lühken Renke , Pfitzner Wolf Peter , Jöst Hanna , Oerther Sandra , Helms Michelle , Zibrat Branka , Kliemke Konstantin , Becker Norbert , Vapalahti Olli , Rossini Giada , Heitmann Anna
Published: December 2021

The global spread of invasive mosquito species increases arbovirus infections. In addition to the invasive species Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus, Aedes koreicus has spread within Central Europe. Extensive information on its vector competence is missing. Ae. koreicus from Germany were investigated for their vector competence for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV). Experiments were performed under different climate conditions (27 ± 5 °C; 24 ± 5 °C) for fourteen days. Ae. koreicus had the potential to transmit CHIKV and ZIKV but not WNV. Transmission was exclusively observed at the higher temperature, and transmission efficiency was rather low, at 4.6% (CHIKV) or 4.7% (ZIKV). Using a whole virome analysis, a novel mosquito-associated virus, designated Wiesbaden virus (WBDV), was identified in Ae. koreicus. Linking the WBDV infection status of single specimens to their transmission capability for the arboviruses revealed no influence on ZIKV transmission. In contrast, a coinfection of WBDV and CHIKV likely has a boost effect on CHIKV transmission. Due to its current distribution, the risk of arbovirus transmission by Ae. koreicus in Europe is rather low but might gain importance, especially in regions with higher temperatures. The impact of WBDV on arbovirus transmission should be analyzed in more detail.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies in Human Milk after mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection
Authors: Juncker Hannah G. , Mulleners Sien J. , van Gils Marit J. , Bijl Tom P. L. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Pajkrt Dasja , Korosi Aniko , van Goudoever Johannes B. , van Keulen Britt J.
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies are secreted into human milk of infected or vaccinated lactating women and might provide protection to the breastfed infant against COVID-19. Differences in antibody response after these types of exposure are unknown. In this longitudinal cohort study, we compared the antibody response in human milk following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection. We analyzed 448 human milk samples of 28 lactating women vaccinated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 as well as 82 human milk samples of 18 lactating women with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in human milk were determined over a period of 70 days both after vaccination and infection. The amount of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in human milk was similar after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. After infection, the variability in IgA levels was higher than after vaccination. Two participants with detectable IgA prior to vaccination were analyzed separately and showed higher IgA levels following vaccination compared to both groups. In conclusion, breastfed infants of mothers who have been vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine receive human milk with similar amounts of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies compared to infants of previously infected mothers.
Analysis of Regional Water and Energy Consumption Considering Economic Development
Authors: Liu Jing , Xie Nimin , Yu Zhongbo
Published: December 2021

The evaluation of regional water and energy consumption is of great significance to improving regional resource utilization. This paper analyzed the water and energy footprints in different provinces of China, considering regional economic levels. The results indicate: (1) both the largest water footprint and water footprint per capita were in Xinjiang and agriculture had the largest value; (2) Shandong was the largest energy consumer, Ningxia had the largest energy footprint per capita, and coal occupied the largest proportion for the top five energy footprint provinces; and (3) the resource input–output efficiencies in Beijing and Fujian were high, while water and energy consumption were low and gross regional product was high, compared with the average value of China. The situations in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia were opposite. The change of consumption pattern for each inhabitant, the adoption of water-saving technology, and an increase to water-saving awareness would be helpful to decrease regional water consumption. An increase of regional energy use efficiency and a change to reduced energy consumption would contribute to the decreasing of regional energy consumption. More attention should be paid to renewable and clean Energies. In addition to solution from the local perspective, the virtual water trade and the energy product trade may relieve regional resource pressure in some extent, and the possible influencing should be considered at the same time. This paper could provide suggestions for regional resource utilization and sustainable development.
Ecological Parameters of Water Bodies in the Northern Part of the Upper Volga Region with River Flow Regulations
Authors: Gałka Bernard , Novak Alexandra , Novak Mikhail , Vinogradov Dmitry , Polechoński Ryszard
Published: December 2021

The regulation of river flow in the Volga basin has caused irreversible changes to aquatic ecosystems. The transformation of the Volga into a cascade of hydraulic structures with a non-flow regime has resulted in a decrease in depth and flow, and an increase in the temperature and concentration of chemical elements, which has induced the process of eutrophication. The change in the species diversity of aquatic organisms under conditions of intense eutrophication was studied on models of water bodies from the Volga basin; the Kostroma section of the Gorky reservoir (Kostroma spill and the middle river section), and lakes Galichskoe and Chukhlomskoe were studied. Rheophilic biocenosis was replaced by a limnophilic one, the migration paths of fish were disrupted, and population characteristics were changed. In accordance with environmental conditions, the level of primary production and the calculated Carlson trophic index (TSI) and Broth-proposed index (ITS) (1987), the water bodies of the northern part of the upper Volga region are classified as follows: the middle river section of the Gorky reservoir is mesotrophic-eutrophic (TSI = 55.2, ITS = 16.2); the Kostroma spill is eutrophic with a tendency to hypertrophy (TSI = 67.4, ITS = 6.8); Lake Galichskoe is eutrophic with a tendency to dystrophy (TSI = 63.2, ITS = 8.4), and Lake Chukhlomskoe is hypertrophic with a tendency to dystrophy (TSI = 77.4, ITS = 8.0). In addition, frequent fluctuations in water level, reaching 1 m, have had an adverse effect on inhabitants of the littoral zone including the spawning fish, which may lead to disappearance of some of the region’s most sensitive species.
Epidemiological features of the incidence of COVID-19 in the Jalal-Abad region of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Temirov Nemat Moidunovich , Abdimomunova Begimai Toktobolotovna , Temirova Vazira Nematovich , Eshenkulova Parikhan Zalimtoroevna , Zholdoshev Saparbai Tezekbaevich , Artykbaeva Sonunbu Zhumabekovna , Usupbekova Tattybubu Romankulovna
Published: December 2021

In order to identify the epidemiological features of the incidence of COVID-19 in the Jalal-Abad region of the Kyrgyz Republic, a retrospective epidemiological analysis was carried out, according to the results of which the following was established. Jalal-Abad region was the leader in the number of cases of new coronavirus infection in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2020. The incidence had a pronounced rise with a maximum in October. The most disadvantaged in this period in terms of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection were Mailuu-SUU (1663.2 per 100 thousand), Chatkal (1000.8 per 100 thousand), Jalal-Abad (677.6 per 100 thousand) and Kara-Kol (532.0 per 100 thousand). In all territorial entities of the region, cases of COVID-19 were registered mainly among the adult population. The diseases of the new coronavirus infection in children were isolated. The greatest proportion of cases occurred in people aged 30–64 years, which is due to the larger number of this group, as well as the most severe course of the disease. Most often, the diseases occurred in the form of moderate severity (47.2 %) and mild (22.7 %). At the same time, according to the results of laboratory studies, it was possible to identify 14.9 % of cases of the disease with an asymptomatic course. The condition was regarded as severe in 12.2 % of cases, extremely severe — in 3 %. High focality was revealed. The share of foci with two cases was 63.2 %, with three — 19.3 %, four — 6.2 %, five — 5.5 %, six or more — 5.8 %. Most foci with four or more cases were registered in Ala-Buka, Suzak, Toktogul, Nooken districts and the city of Tash-Komur. The study made it possible to identify the features of the course of the epidemic process of a new coronavirus infection, which made it possible to adjust the implementation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures in the future, to reduce the rate of focality, to minimize mortality. At the same time, the main role in the prevention of COVID-19 from the moment of registration of vaccines against this infection is assigned to specific prevention.
Features of mental health and burnout syndrome in special education teachers of specialized educational institutions of school and primary vocational education
Authors: Suvorov Vadim Germanovich , Belova Tatyana Olegovna , Suvorova Kira Osipovna
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the psychological features of emotional burnout in 55 teachers— oligophrenic pedagogues. It was found that in this category of the surveyed, in comparison with teachers of mass educational institutions, there is a more frequent and early formation of burnout syndrome with a predominance of phases of stress and exhaustion, leading to pronounced psychological disorders.
Accounting of goods in pharmacies
Authors: Kovaleva Natalia Nikolaevna , Dedova Olga Vasilyevna , Melguy Andrey Eduardovich
Published: December 2021

Pharmacies belong to the category of wholesale and retail trade, but their goods are of high importance for the population, since they allow you to maintain or correct an important quality of a person — health. The implementation of operations for the movement of a wide range of medicines and medical products from suppliers through pharmacies to end-users at the same time differs in its similarity when reflected in the accounting process. Differences are observed in the approaches to setting a trade mark-up for each category of goods, depending on the frequency of purchases, or assigning them to a price segment. The exception to the rules for setting the price is vital medicines, for which the maximum price is set by the state. But the accounting of these pharmacy products also has the same mechanism as the goods without restrictions in the margin. In this case, the object of VAT taxation appears, the accounting of which has its own specifics, depending on the applicable tax regime.
Development of personnel capacity of the Moscow Department of the City Development
Authors: Konyagina L. N. , Ilyina O. V.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of the development of the personnel capacity of the public service on the example of the Moscow Department of Urban Development. The order of forming of personnel potential in executive bodies at the positions of the public civil service as well as the order of carrying out tender on replacement of the state positions are considered. The authors also pay their attention to the matters of drawing up and stage-by-stage promotion of the talent pool, applying for the replacement of the position of the public civil service of the city. The authors developed the recommendations on the development, advanced training of the personnel at the positions of the public service.
Acuicultura en América Latina y El Caribe: Progresos, oportunidades y desafíos
Authors: Wurmann G Carlos
Published: December 2021

La acuicultura en América Latina y el Caribe continúa su avance, alcanzándose en 2017 una producción de 2,9 MM de Tons, valoradas en 17.400 MM de dólares de 2018. Sin embargo, el ritmo del crecimiento viene disminuyendo a lo largo del tiempo. En ese año la región representa un 3,7% del volumen de las cosechas mundiales, pero un más relevante 7% de su valor, por trabajar principalmente con especies altamente apreciadas en los mercados. Esta realidad contrasta con una pesca extractiva que disminuye fuertemente desde los años de 1990, y actualmente implica que los cultivos signifiquen un 21% del desembarque regional. Conviven en esta zona un sinnúmero de modelos productivos de gran y pequeña escala, orientados al mercado doméstico o a las exportaciones, con Estados más o menos activos y presentes en los procesos de desarrollo; con diversos niveles de competitividad, y con un generalizado bajo consumo de productos pesqueros por persona, nivel que se encuentra entre los menores del mundo. La región presenta innumerables potencialidades en su acuicultura, y actualmente vuelca sus principales esfuerzos de I+D hacia la diversificación productiva con especies nativas. También es evidente que problemas de gobernanza, relacionamiento con las comunidades locales y nacionales, litigios con otros usuarios de las aguas y los bordes costeros, direccionamiento de la investigación aplicada y situaciones medioambientales pendientes conspiran contra un mejor desempeño de las cosechas, las que de todas formas deberían aumentar hasta unas 4,9 a 5,5 MM de Tons en 2030, situación que implica una ralentización del ritmo productivo reciente, y crecimientos interanuales de entre 4% y 5% hasta ese año. En una región cuya acuicultura todavía está muy concentrada en no más de cinco países y otras tantas especies, y que dispone de amplios espacios e infraestructura razonable, las oportunidades futuras son muy amplias y los éxitos a alcanzar se relacionarán estrechamente con la aplicación de medidas que superen las limitantes recién mencionadas, y muy especialmente, lo relacionado a la gobernanza.
Actividad antioxidante de un aceite vegetal enriquecido con la microalga cultivada Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Guevara Miguel , Zapata Vívenes Edgar , León María , Acosta Mercedes
Published: December 2021

Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae) es una microalga que contiene un porcentaje considerable de pigmentos, en especial acumula niveles significativos de β-carotenos; compuestos que poseen alto poder antioxidante. En esta investigación, se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante de un aceite vegetal de soya enriquecido con D. salina. La biomasa de una cepa hipercarotenogénica de D. salina (previamente seleccionada) fue mezclada y macerada con el aceite vegetal comestible. Seguidamente, el aceite fue filtrado y almacenado a 23±1°C durante 28 días. El contenido de β­-caroteno, así como la actividad antioxidante, del aceite enriquecido con la microalga fueron cuantificados durante distintos períodos de almacenamientos (0, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días), en contraste con un aceite testigo y una mezcla con un antioxidante referencial. Los resultados evidenciaron que el aceite comestible tratado con biomasa de D. salina mantuvo contenidos de β-caroteno de 2,1 µg/L y una actividad antioxidante de 45,6 % con respecto al aceite testigo. Esta investigación demostró el potencial antioxidante del aceite vegetal comestible enriquecido con β-caroteno obtenido de D. salina, sugiriendo su uso como alternativa para mejorar la vida útil de aceites vegetales.
Formación de esferoides en camarones penaeidos: Implicaciones patológicas y valor diagnóstico
Authors: Varela Mejías Alexander , Cuéllar-Anjel Jorge
Published: December 2021

Los camarones penaeidos están expuestos constantemente a infecciones por agentes patógenos. Como respuesta a éstos y a pesar de la aparente simplicidad de su sistema inmune, se han descrito diferentes mecanismos defensivos contra patógenos virales, bacterianos y micóticos, que incluyen complejos procesos de inmunidad celular y humoral. Como parte de esta respuesta, en múltiples ocasiones, se ha reportado la presencia de hiperplasias nodulares del órgano linfoide, denominadas “esferoides del órgano linfoide” (LOS por sus siglas en inglés). Este trabajo presenta una revisión sobre estas estructuras, su descripción histopatológica y la relación que guardan con patologías infecciosas reportadas hasta la fecha. Asimismo, se presentan ejemplos de los principales agentes reportados en su formación. Finalmente, se discute sobre la importancia y limitantes de estas estructuras y su valor diagnóstico mediante técnicas histopatológicas, realizadas en el órgano linfoide y a otras ubicaciones en distintos órganos y tejidos de los camarones (“esferoides ectópicos”).
Editorial Vol. 2 No. 3: Aquatechnica en el X FIRMA 2021 online, una asociación para quedarse
Authors: De Donato Marcos
Published: December 2021

Los análisis de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) alertan sobre el deterioro de los recursos acuáticos en el planeta debido a su sobreexplotación, contaminación y cambio climático, lo cual pone en amenaza la seguridad alimentaria de la humanidad, agravada por el inminente aumento de la población en la presente década. Este escenario se acentúa aún más en los países en vías de desarrollo, como los iberoamericanos, con sus tasas elevadas de natalidad y malnutrición. La Agenda 2030 de la FAO para el desarrollo sostenible, se enfoca en erradicar la pobreza y el hambre, combatir el cambio climático y proteger nuestros recursos naturales, la alimentación y la agricultura. En este contexto, una explotación sustentable de los recursos acuáticos y una acuicultura bajo un concepto ecosistémico es parte de la solución.
Cambios en el perfil electroforético sérico de Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828) en respuesta a la infección aguda por Listonella (sin. Vibrio) anguillarum
Authors: Nirchio Mauro , Rossi Ana Rita
Published: December 2021

The results of electrophoresis of the blood serum of Lutjanus analis in agarose gel from two groups of fishes: (a) fish exposed to live Listonella anguillarum diluted in 0.9% NaCl solution (saline) by intramuscular injection and (b) control specimens injected with the saline solution are provided. Differences in the serum protein profiles of the two groups of specimens were observed. The method here employed, seems to be useful in detecting potential markers for monitoring infection or inflammatory reactions in L. analis after acute infection by L. anguillarum and has the advantage to allow easy analysis of several samples in a short time.
Biología reproductiva del pargo de la mancha Lutjanus guttatus (Teleostei: Lutjanidae) de la ensenada de Búcaro, borde externo de la ecorregión Panamá
Authors: Durán Indira L. , Gómez Valerio A. , Goti Italo , Gómez H. Juan A.
Published: December 2021

Se realizó un muestreo quincenal, por seis meses, de los desembarcos del pargo de la mancha (Lutjanus guttatus) en la comunidad de Búcaro, Panamá. Se recolectaron 237 individuos y se determinó sus variables morfométricas. Se seleccionaron 25 ejemplares para el análisis histológico de las gónadas. Se obtuvo un intervalo de talla entre 205 a 605 mm LT, y una proporción sexual que no difirió significativamente de la esperada 1M:1H. Se describen cuatro estadios de desarrollo gonadal en hembras y tres en machos. El índice gonadosomático y el factor de condición máximos en hembras fue de 1,67 en noviembre y de 1,24 en enero respectivamente, la talla de primera madurez sexual se estimó en 396,60 mm LT para hembras y 361,29 mm LT en machos. La información obtenida sugiere que la reproducción ocurre principalmente entre noviembre y enero.
Volumen de agua disponible para el desove de hembras del camarón marino Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Varela Mejías Alexander
Published: December 2021

Se realizó un ensayo diseñado para evaluar el impacto generado por incrementos del volumen de agua disponible en el área de desoves, en un laboratorio de producción de post larvas del camarón marino Penaeus vannamei. En dicho ensayo, se realizaron desoves utilizando volúmenes de 70, 100, 140 y 200 L por hembra. Se recopiló y analizó la información obtenida en cada tratamiento durante 6 días y se observó un patrón de incremento directamente proporcional al volumen de agua disponible y la cantidad de huevos obtenidos. Los resultados indicaron, tomando como base los huevos obtenidos en los tanques de 70 L, que se presentaron incrementos de 9,4 %, 17,3 % y 31,6 % en los tratamientos de 100, 140  y 200 L, respectivamente. Se evidenció que, a mayor espacio disponible, se obtienen mayores rendimientos de huevos por hembra.
Efecto de la irradiancia en el crecimiento y coloración de la cianobacteria marina Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont, 1892
Authors: Torres Ariño Alejandra , Hernández de Dios Marco Antonio , Carrasco López Guadalupe
Published: December 2021

Se aisló a la cianobacteria marina Spirulina subsalsa con una coloración poco usual de color vino-rojiza, rica en ficoeritrina, lo que es el primer registro en costas mexicanas (especialmente para Oaxaca). Se caracterizó su crecimiento con base en el peso húmedo, la concentración de clorofila a, extraída con acetona al 90%, y la determinación de su espectro de absorción a los 36 días en medio ASNIII bajo diferente intensidad y calidad de luz, empleando papel celofán como filtro. El incremento por peso húmedo fue apenas perceptible en todas las condiciones evaluadas, observándose mayor variación al inicio que al final del ensayo. La clorofila a y su espectro mostraron un incremento, mayor con los filtros rojo y azul, menor con amarillo, verde y blanca (control), en donde los espectros de absorción de la clorofila a incluyeron longitudes de onda de luz azul y rojo anaranjado, con picos en aproximadamente 450-475 nm y 650-675 nm y un hombro característico de los carotenoides a 450-500 nm. El color de la biomasa varió según el filtro, por lo que la luz en cuanto a cantidad (intensidad) y calidad (longitud de onda) inciden en la calidad de la biomasa producida por dicha cianobacteria. Además, su cambio de coloración se mostró con base en el filtro empleado y evidencia su potencial para obtención de pigmentos para las industrias acuícola y biotecnológica.
Equinocromo A en el fluido celómico de Arbacia stellata (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) con interés para la acuicultura
Authors: Palma-Chávez Javier José , Sonnenholzner-Varas Jorge Ignacio , Zapata-Vívenes Edgar
Published: December 2021

En el marco de la generación de estudios de investigación en biología aplicada para la diversificación de la acuicultura en Ecuador, se consideró al erizo de mar nativo Arbacia stellata con potencial para su acuicultura y extracción de biomoléculas macroenergéticas utilizables para las industrias nutracéutica y farmacéutica. Se recolectaron 150 erizos de mar de la costa continental ecuatoriana entre octubre 2019 y marzo 2020. Se estimó el contenido del pigmento naftoquinona equinocromo A (Ech-A) en el fluido celómico de (i) individuos pequeños: 16,3 ± 0,3 mm de diámetro de testa, DT; 2,8 ± 0,3 g, y (ii) individuos grandes: 45,7 ± 0,4 mm DT; 56,4 ± 1,1 g. Los valores de absorbancia (expresados ​​en densidad óptica) fueron reportados en dos longitudes de onda: 387 y 487 nm. Hubo interacción entre los individuos grandes que registraron los picos de absorbancia más altos para Ech-A en ambas longitudes de onda (387 nm: 0,10 ± 0,008 y 487 nm: 0,05 ± 0,005; P < 0,05). Los resultados de este estudio concuerdan con los hallazgos en otras especies de erizos de mar, donde la mayor producción de Ech-A en el fluido celómico ocurre en individuos más grandes detectados en una absorbancia de 387 nm.
Respuesta antioxidante de Artemia franciscana al nitroprusiato sódico (SNP)
Authors: Torres-Rodríguez Miguel , Nogués Palenzuela Álvaro , Trenzado Romero Cristina Elena , Rufino-Palomares Eva , Pérez Jiménez Amalia
Published: December 2021

De entre todos los contaminantes emergentes, los fármacos suscitan un gran interés científico. El nitroprusiato sódico (SNP), es uno de los cianógenos más utilizados como vasodilatador para el tratamiento de afecciones cardiacas. Debido a su uso generalizado y a la posible contaminación de los ambientes acuáticos asociado a la mala gestión de los residuos farmacológicos, es importante llevar a cabo estudios ecotoxicológicos que ayuden a aclarar su efecto en poblaciones de especies bioindicadoras como es el caso de invertebrados acuáticos. En base a esto, el objetivo del presente ensayo fue evaluar la toxicidad del SNP en el invertebrado acuático Artemia franciscana. Para tal fin, nauplios de Artemia. franciscana fueron sometidos a diferentes concentraciones de SNP (0-3000 µg/mL) durante 24 horas, determinándose los valores de LC20, LC50 y LC80. Para determinar la respuesta antioxidante y detoxificadora de dichos organismos frente al SNP, se cuantificó la actividad de diferentes enzimas implicadas en dicho proceso: Superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT), Glutatión peroxidasa (GPX), Glutatión reductasa (GR), Glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa (G6PDH), Glutatión S-transferasa (GST), DT-diaforasa (DTD), así como los niveles de peroxidación lipídica a través del Malondialdehido (MDA) y la actividad antioxidante total (TEAC). Los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de una correlación positiva entre las distintas concentraciones de SNP empleadas y la actividad de las enzimas GPX, GR, G6PDH y GST, así como para TEAC, lo cual se ha relacionado con un aumento en la capacidad antioxidante y detoxificadora de xenobióticos en dichos organismos frente al SNP. Sin embargo, no se han observado diferencias para SOD, CAT y DTD, así como en los niveles de peroxidación lipídica. Esto podría ser indicativo de que que la administración de SNP produce la inactivación de dichas enzimas y evidencia el efecto dependiente del tiempo que presenta el SNP en la peroxidación lipídica en nauplios de Artemia francicana.
Progression of a 2nd type diabetes mellitus model on mice with usage of a calorie diet
Authors: Fokeeva N.O. , Yakovleva O.V.
Published: December 2021

Type 2 diabetes accounts for up to 90% of all diabetes cases. It is known that people with type 2 diabetes are often obese. Long-term complications also include problems with the cardiovascular, nervous and urinary systems. The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a diet rich of fat and carbohydrates was used in the work. We observed a significant increase in the body weight of mice and sugar levels in their blood. Morphometric analysis of the pancreas showed an increase of its mass coefficient. Tactile sensitivity measurement showed an increase in its threshold. The developed model is quite suitable for analyzing the diabetes progression and its side effects on the body.

Key words: diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, pancreas, tactile sensitivity.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme levelsin the blood serum of white mice when exposed to iron and manganese in drinking water under experimental conditions
Authors: Frolova O.V. , Ermolaeva S.V. , Tumozov I.A.
Published: December 2021

The object of the study of enzymatic antioxidants in the blood serum of white mice were 30 outbred white male and female mice of the same age and approximately of the same weight. The animals were divided into 3 groups: one control group and two experimental ones in which the mice consumed water with a high content of total iron and manganese (II) ion (over 5 MPC).This study revealed that the activity of glutathione transferase as a marker of antioxidant defense increased among the male mice in the experimental group after experiencing a 12-week-long intoxication, however the level of malondialdehyde in their blood serum indicated insignificant oxidative stress.

Keywords: iron, manganese, drinking water, glutathione transferase, malondialdehyde, antioxidant defense, oxidative stress.
Computer electroacupuncture: rationale for the use in the treatment of painful form of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Khokhlov M.P. , Peskov A.B. , Milushkina O.I. , Filippova S.I.
Published: December 2021

In a prospective clinical trial, we have compared the effectiveness of the computerized electroacupuncture (CEAP) added to thestandard pharmacological therapy of the patients with painful form of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)in the main group against its isolated pharmacological therapy in the control group. The study involved 80 volunteerswhich were previously randomly divided to the 2 equal groups due to the type of treatment. Patients in the main group received three courses of CEAP. Each CEAP course contained the five everyday sessions, the interruption period between courses was one month. The inclusion of CEAP to the complex therapy of the painful IBS was accompanied with decreasingof the pain severity to 42%, byVisual Pain Scale. The patients' subjective condition indicators were significantly improved: the levels of depression (according to the Zung test), actual and personal anxiety (according to the Spiberger-Khanin questionnaire) were decreased, the parameters assessed using the SAN questionnaire were increased.

Key words: acupuncture, computer electroacupuncture, irritable bowel syndrome, pain treatment, reflexology.
Features of occupational diseases at a large industrial enterprise at the present stage
Authors: Shapoval N.S.
Published: December 2021

The analysis of occupational morbidity at the enterprises of the machine-building industry of the region is carried out. In recent years, there has been a sharp decrease in occupational diseases at machine-building enterprises. So, in 2015, 187 cases were established, which amounted to 68.2% of all established cases, in 2020 – only 2 cases (6.3%). The level of occupational morbidity does not reflect the true situation. Incomplete identification of patients with occupational pathology is associated with the negative attitude of the employer to the establishment of occupational diseases in employees, poor-quality certification of workplaces.

Key words: occupational diseases, risk factors, working conditions, structure.