bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Kebijakan Moneter di Indonesia
Authors: Sriyono Sriyono
Published: November 2016

Generally, monetary policy was a policy to achieve macroeconomic stability, as price stability, economic growth and the availability of employment. All target was difficult be executed because the tradeoff between variables. Indonesia after the monetary crisis changes its strategy of monetary policy by using the framework of targeting inflation. During the implementation of the policy strategy, the level of success was not satisfying so it needed to be reviewed whether the strategy used appropriate according to economic conditions in Indonesia.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengendalian Pertumbuhan Penduduk di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Diro Ana , Arsiyah Arsiyah
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research was analyzing and describing the policy implementation of controlling population growth in Sidoarjo Regency. This research was using a source of data consists of primary and secondary data with collecting techniques of data namely: observation, interview and documentation. Data analizing technique used qualitative analysis with descriptive approach that included: collecting of data, reduction of data, presentation of data, draw a conclusion. This result of this research indicated that information education communication was still lacking and giving services to the public and lacked of planning family trainer, the duty of planning family was rising, the participate of planning family for man still low especially medical man surgery, and population growth is quite high.
Pembangunan Terintegrasi dalam Mewujudkan Kota Pariwisata Bertaraf Internasional: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Jawa Timur
Authors: Kusuma Bayu Mitra Adhyatma
Published: November 2016

This study aims to analyze and describe how the integrated development in realizing Banyuwangi as an international tourism city is. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative with analysis descriptive approach. The results of study show that in realizing Banyuwangi as an international tourism city through integrated development, the lokal government of Banyuwangi Regency performs three steps of consolidation, namely improvement of infrastructure for access to the leading tourist destinations, consolidation of lokal cultural wealth, and consolidation of the tourism community. Through such measures, the number of foreign tourist arrivals has increased very significantly from year to year and Banyuwangi received several awards for the accomplishments and contributions in the tourism sector.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perkotaan (PNPM-MP) di Desa Bligo Kabupaten SidoarjoCommunity Participation in the Implementation of the National Urban Independent Community Empowerment Program (PN
Authors: Kristiniati Rahayu , Choiriyah Ilmi Usrotin
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was describe the community participation in the implementation of the National Community Empowerment Program for Urban(PNPM-MP) in the Bligo village, Candi sub-district, Sidoarjo Regency as well as to describe the supporting factors and inhibiting factors. The method of this research used qualitative description. The results of this research show that community participation in this program implementation has been running well. It is caused at the participation stages that is consisting of monitoring and evaluation stage, the maintenance stage, and utilization of the building has been running well. However, at the decision-making stage and the implementation stage must be improved. The successful of this program implementation is influenced by supporting factors and inhibiting factors. The supporting factor is commitment of head village, participation of non-governmental organization, commitment and support of interest groups. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors are less of supervisor participates in the manager finance unit. So there are two of nongovernmental organizations that delay to refunds and community participation that is not involved in the whole of each activity.
Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Kinerja Pegawai (Studi pada Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Malang)
Authors: Choiriyah Ilmi Usrotin
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this research to identify and analyze leadership style is adopted by Social Agency Malang Regency and to know and analyze employee’s performance Social Agency Malang Regency in carrying out their duties. This research used descriptive with qualitative approach. Data collection was done by interview, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, analysis technique used interactive model that consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the leadership style is adopted by the Head of Social Agency Malang Regency were a democratic leadership style. It can be seen from some aspects of communication, work supervision, direction and decision-making methods that involve the aspirations and participation of employees. The employee performance Social Agency Malang Regency has done well. It is identified by the number of jobs has done well, the quality of the work produced, and the utilization rate of employee time that has been done well  fairly in accordance with the specified target.
Peran Penyelenggara Pemilu dalam Pemilihan Legislatif 2014 di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Purnamasari Dwi , Kahfi Ashabul , Rachman Arief Fatchur
Published: November 2016

This study aims to analyze and determine the role of the Election Supervisory Committee and the Commission (general election commission) Implementation of legislative elections in 2014 in Sidoarjo and analyze the factors that cause a lack of understanding of policy formulation election organizers in the respective organizers of the Role of Election Supervisory Committee and the General Election Commission. This research method is using descriptive qualitative approach. The data needed is a secondary data in the form of books, journals, articles, print media (newspapers) and the mass media as well as primary data obtained from informants through. Based on the results of this study concluded that the role of each institution in the administration of elections has not run optimally in accordance with Law Number 15 of 2011 on the Election. In the implementation on the ground found some constraints on each institution in organizing legislative elections in 2014 related to the duties and responsibilities between the Role of the Election Supervisory Committee and the General Election Commission.
Pengembangan Kapasitas Aparatur Sipil Negara di Daerah
Authors: Mulyono Arif
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this study was to analyze and describe the transparency of the capacity building of state apparatus and harmonization of development policy on the state apparatus in the area. This type of research used qualitative descriptive approach. Data collected through literature  study that is derived from primary data and secondary data. Based on the analysis related to manage and develop the capacity of civil state apparatus in the area indicate that Computer Assisted Test (CAT) method for recruitment of civil servant in Sidoarjo is one form of a positive transparency that is expected to create a cadre of civilian apparatus qualified and competent. The use of this method aimed to develop the quality of personnel resources. In addition, it is supported by policy on the capacity building of civil state apparatus which is comes from center. But, in reality its policy is not harmonized. It is indicated by policy on learning permits and learning task as a form of capacity building of civil state apparatur is irrelevant between the center and the local. So that implementer actors have difficulty in its implementation.
Implementasi Kebijakan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 6 Tahun 2009 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Sidoarjo (Studi Alih Fungsi Lahan Sawah di Kecamatan Wonoayu Kabupaten Sidoarjo)
Authors: Karuniawan Mohamad Hatta , Fauziah Luluk
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to describe the process of Implementation Local Regulation number 6 of 2009 on the Spatial Planning related to conversion of paddy fields in the Wonoayu District, Sidoarjo regency, describe the role of actors and its inhibiting and supporting factors. This research used qualitative descriptive methods. The result study showed that Policy Implementation of Local Regulation number 6 of 2009 the Spatial Planning related to conversion of paddy fields in the Wonoayu District, Sidoarjo regency wasn’t run yet. Thus, it resulted a chance for certain stakeholders to more concerned of profitable personal and group interests than society interests. Some of the actors that are involved in this policy implementation among other investors, communities, and governments have each role and synergize with each other. However, in reality this policy implementation was not independent of the supporting factors such ideal and good human resources and legal sanctions for violators of the rules. In addition inhibiting factors included the lack of communication that exists between the government and the landowners as well as supervision only as formality.
Efektivitas Rekayasa Lalu Lintas melalui Program Penambahan Lajur Khusus Sepeda Motor di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Sumekar Rachmat
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of traffic engineering was conducted by the Surabaya City Government in terms of the use of special lanes motorcycle in Darmo Street, Surabaya. This research used descriptive qualitative. Sources of primary data were collected through the interview method to the Transportation Department in Surabaya City which is connected with the Sub-Directorate of Safety Management and sub field of traffic. The results showed that first, implementation of the use of special lanes motorcycle was proved to decrease jam and provide a positive influence on the smooth traffic. Second, road performance such as Raya Darmo Surabaya Streer tended to have a positive value and stable. It is evidenced by the use of Raya Darmo Street by bikers still rising. Third, some things were still an obstacle for motorcyclists on some streets in Surabaya, such as in Raya Darmo Street: a) there is no special lane U-turn for motorcycles, b) there were no sanctions and threats for motorcyclists didn't use special lanes motorcycle. c) Lack of lighting, markings and traffic signs, d) It has not been the presence of a special officer to supervise the special lanes motorcycles, e) there is no rule speed limit for motors, f) there is no barrier strip permanently between lanes of motorcycles with another lane.
Kedudukan Pejabat Kepala Desa dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa
Authors: Sumeru Arief
Published: November 2016

This research was conducted to determine status and legal consequences of village head on the village management in accordance with the provisions of the village legislation. This research approach used normative juridical approach in the sense of examining norms and rules relating to issues to be discussed. Supporting data were secondary data that is obtained from library, legislation in force, and theories that exist in the literature relating to the village. The data collection is obtained by organizing a literature study (Library Research). This research result showed that the presence village head aimed to implement village government in accordance with the provisions of the legislation in force and obtained legal certainty to the community.
Implementasi Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perkotaan (PNPM-MP) di Desa Gisik Cemandi Kecamatan Sedati Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Mardani Yuli , Rodiyah Isnaini
Published: November 2016

This research aimed to describe and analyze implementation of The National Program of Urban Self Empowerment (PNPM-MP) in the Gisik Cemandi Village, Sedati Sub-District, Sidoarjo Regency; supporting and inhibiting factor in its implementation. This research used qualitative descriptive research. Key informants in this research included member of event organizer in non-governmental organization (PNPM-MP), member non-governmental organization, and head village. The results showed that the implementation of its program was quite good.  It is showed that adequate human resources, good coordination between local government, volunteers, and community, characteristics and attitudes implementor enforcement agencies that have a high responsibility to achieve its objectives and realizing the ideals of the poor. Supporting factors in its program implementation namely development and empowerment activities got a positive response from community. Meanwhile, inhibiting factor wasthe lack of discipline for community and community who are less conserve the environment so that the bad habits also remain to be done.
Effect of soaking seeds Citrusaurantium and Citrus limonumat different concentrations of licorice extract on the percentage of germination and growth of seedlings
Authors: AL-Wailli Fatima M. K.
Published: November 2016

This research was conducted under Lath house canopy of a nursery circumstances, Baghdad University for season 2013 in order to study the effect of soak lemon seeds sour orange with different levels of licorice concentrations extract
(0, 0.5, 2.5 and 4.5 g/l) for 24 hours in the percentage of germination and some recipes vegetative growth of seedlings .the results outweigh the bitter orange seedlings and focus soak for licorice extract 4.5 g / l significant superiority in most of the traits plant height, leaf number, root length, stem diameter, amounting to 31.077 cm, 14.46 paper / plant, 25.35 cm, 0.52 mm respectively, which showed significant differences for the treatment of comparison which gave lower values.
Clear that the licorice extract biological effect similar to the effect of Al Gibberellin at germination lemon seeds, sour orange.
A Study the Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles Combination with Antibiotics and Plant extracts Against Some Gram Negative Bacteria
Authors: Abdullah Rana Mujahid
Published: November 2016

Titanium dioxide TiO2 has been widely utilized in cleaning and sterilizing material for many clinical tools sanitary ware, food tableware and cooking and items for use in hospitals. Titanium dioxide TiO2 non toxicity and long term physical and chemical stability. It has been widely used decomposition of organic compounds and microbial organisms such as cancer cell, viruses and bacteria as well as its potential application in sterilization of medical devices. The aim of the study the effect of titanium dioxide TiO2 on some Gram negative bacteria and study their effects on some virulence factors and chromosomal DNA.In this study, we obtained (E. coli ? Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris ? Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii) from Al-Emamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City Hospital in Baghdad. Samples collection were carried out from 1 April to 30 June 2014. Study the effect of (plant extraction and Antibiotic) alone and combination with Titanium dioxide TiO2 on bacteria growth. And study the effect of Titanium dioxide TiO2 on biofilm layer and chromosomal DNA.Combinations of TiO2 nanoparticle with water and alcohol extracts of plant (Salvia officinalis ?Arctium minus, Origanum majorana and Anabasis syriaca) gave synergistic results against the gram negative bacterial isolates.A Synergism effect was observed in combination of Ciprofloxacin with Titanium TiO2 nanoparticles toward all Gram negative bacteria. Also a high efficiency was observed when TiO2 nanoparticles mixed with Amikacin toward all isolates except Acinetobacter baumannii and E. coli3. While the results of mixing TiO2 nanoparticles with Cephalothin indicate highly efficiency toward all isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The combination of plant extracts (Salvia officinalis ? Arctium minus ? Origanum majorana and Anabasis syriaca) with TiO2 nanoparticles was appear to be damaged to E. coli chromosomal DNA.The study showed the ability of nanoparticles TiO2 to inhibition of the layer Biofilm to all isolates of bacteria at concentrations (1, 1.5) µg/ ml.Conclude from this study we can be used TiO2 nanoparticles to kill some types of bacteria
Survey of Keratinophilic Fungi in the Tigris River in Baghdad
Authors: Mohammad Teeba Hashim , Habeb Khalid Abdulrazak
Published: November 2016

The present study includs the isolation and identification of Keratinophilic fungi in fresh water samples collected from Tigris river in Baghdad, Iraq. Samples were collected from different districts of Baghdad (Al-Rustumia, Madina Al-Teb, Al-Azamia, Al-Kadimia, Al-Dorha and Al-Kanah). The water samples were examined for keratinophilic fungi by the plating method culturing and Hair Baiting Technique. A total number of 18 genera are recorded, in which the Tigris water indicates an impressive diversity of fungi.
A variety of fungal strains were isolated from river water, out of 814 fungal colonies, Aspergillus terrus (5.5%) was the most frequent species, followed by Aspergillus niger (5.2%) then Rhizopus stolonifer (3.3%). The results revealed that the highest number of fungal species are found in water surface near the margin (75%) followed by the fungi isolated from water surface in the middle of the river (25%), whereas the number of fungi in 50 cm depth from water surface near the margin and 50 cm depth from water surface in the middle of the river is 17.10% and 12.20% species respectively. The results suggest that the Tigris river is a potential transmission route of fungi and a healthily hazard mainly for the immune depressed individual.
Study of the Immunological Status of Iraqi Vitiligo Patients
Authors: Tariq Shatha F. , Hussein Talib A.
Published: November 2016

Vitiligo is an acquired idiopathic skin disorder characterized by depigmented macules due to loss of cutaneous melanocytes. A potential role of the immune dysfunction has been suggested in vitiligo, so to test this hypothesis, certain cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-?) and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA and total IgE) were investigated in all participants. The study included: 60 patients with age range between (6-55) year; 30(11 males and 19 females) were untreated and 30(12 males and 18 females) were treated with Narrow Band Ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB) and 30 (14 males and 16 females) apparently healthy control. Serum was separated and cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-?) and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); while immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG and IgA) were detected by using Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) method. The results showed that the mean levels of serum IL-17A and TNF-? in both untreated and NB-UVB treated vitiligo patients were increased significantly (p ? 0.05) as compared with healthy control. The mean levels of serum IgG and IgA in untreated vitiligo patients showed non significant decreased (P
Association of Cestoda Raillietina echinobothrida in Rock Pigeon Columba livia from Baghdad city of Iraq
Authors: Al-Marsomy Wasan Addai , Al-Hamadaani Hani Sabaar
Published: November 2016

The parasite tapeworm (Raillietina echinobothrida) belonges to the class Cestoda, it is responsible for nodular tapeworm disease in poultry .The aim of this study was to determine tapeworm parasites infections in Columba livia from two markets in the province of Baghdad for the period from May to December 2014.
From a total of thirty five sample of Columba livia were randomly selected and then examined the elementary canal of these samples. The present study showed that the collected rock pigeon were found six infected with the cestode Raillietina echinobothrida with infection rate (17.14%).
The statistical analysis for the characters of the cestode showed significant differences in all recipes, but there were no significant differences in the length character of rostellum hooks.
Comparative Study of Grains, Flours and Baking Quality of Wheat Cultivar (Uruq) with Other Wheat Cultivars (Triticumaestivum L.) in Iraq
Authors: Zubaidi Labeeb Ahmed Al , Kubba Ayad Jaber
Published: November 2016

The grain hardness, wet and dry gluten contents, protein and ash contents are determined in grains from different cultivars of wheat which are important in food products, either which are present in raw materials or in final products. Wheat is also a very important food raw material, and flour as the final product of milling. The importance of knowing the physical and chemical properties of wheat and flour is due to the determination of quality and kind of flour which is produced after the milling process. In this work, some physical and chemical properties of different wheat cultivars are determined and the comparisons of these characteristics are performed in both wheat and flour. Uruq Wheat sample (W5) has the highest results when compared with other wheat cultivar reaching 82 kg/ hectoliter, 9.2 % and 41 gm, 0.81, 8.8, 5.5, 30 %, 67 %, 73.6 %, 518, 858 specific weight, moister, 1000 grain Weight (gm), Ash %, Moister %, color test, moist. gluten %, Gluten index %, Absorption %, Falling No. and gelatination respectivelywith specifications grain white, transparent color, uneven gully depth and full cross-section of a glasses grain. The lowest results are by contrast with Forat cultivar in sample W2. Characteristics that are observed in this work are affect of the contents of with to moister, ash, protein, gluten and water absorption values there are useful for milling industry of different wheat cultivars.
Investigation of the New Room Temperature Ionic Liquid of Al(NO3)3.9H2O with Urea CO(NH2)2
Authors: Hasan Nidhal M. , Abood Hadi M.A. , Alias Mahasin F.
Published: November 2016

Mixing aluminum nitrate nonahydrate with urea produced room temperatures clear colorless ionic liquid with lowest freezing temperature at (1: 1.2) mole ratio respectively. Freezing point phase diagram was determined and density, viscosity and conductivity were measured at room temperature. It showed physical properties similar to other ionic liquids. FT-IR,UV-Vis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR were used to study the interaction between its species where - CO ??? Al- bond was suggested and basic ion [Al(NO3)4]? and acidic ions [Al(NO3)2. xU]+ were proposed. Water molecule believed to interact with both ions. Redox potential was determined to be about 2 Volt from – 0.6 to + 1.4 Volt with thermal stability up to 326 ?.
Synthesis of Some New Nucleoside Analogues Containing Seven Membered Ring and Studying Their Biological Activity
Authors: Al-Mouamin Thanaa Mahdi , Mahdi SurorAbdulrahman , Mohammed Omar Abdulateef , Muhamad Yasmeen H.
Published: November 2016

In this work, a series of new Nucleoside analogues (D-galactopyranose linked to oxepanebenzimidazole moiety) was synthesized via multisteps synthesis.
The first step involved preparation of two benzimidazoles 2-styrylbenzimidazole and 2-(phenyl ethynyl) benzimidazole via reaction of phenylenediamine with cinnamic acid or ?-phenyl propiolic acid. Electrophilic addition of the prepared benzimidazoles by three anhydrides in the second step afforded (4-6) and (14-16) which in turn were treated with 1,2,3,4-di-O-isopropylidene galactopyranose in the third step to afford a series of the desirable protected nucleoside analogues (7-9) ,(17-19)which after hydrolysis in methanolic sodium methoxidein the fourth step afforded the free nucleoside analogues (10-12) and (20-22) .The synthesized compounds were identified by FT-IR and some of them by 1H-NMR and13C-NMR.
The synthesized oxepane nucleoside analogues were screened for their antibacterial activity against three types of bacteria including Staphylococcusaureus ,Bacillus(gram positive) andE.coli (gram negative) bacteria repectively.
Synthesis and study of biological activity of some new Imidazole derivatives
Authors: Atia Abdul Jabar Kh. , Al-Marjani Mohammed fraj , Qaban Muayad Abbood
Published: November 2016

In this work ester derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of imidazole derivatives (C1) with ethylchloroacetate in ethanol and NaOH to give the corresponding (C2) .While compound (C3) acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of ester derivatives (C2) with hydrazine hydrat in ethanol. Compound (C3) from the reaction with different aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol gave the Schiff′s bases (C4,C5). The product compounds were characterized by FT-IR, U.V and 1HNMR spectra and the biological activities were studied as antibacterial.
Synthesizing, Characterizing and Studying the Biological Activity of Some New Schiff-Bases Derivatives Containing the Monosaccharide Moiety
Authors: Fayad Amina. A.
Published: November 2016

A new series of ?-D-glucose as Schiff bases derivatives is synthesized and characterized with studying their bioactivity. Hydroxyl groups at C (1,2&5,6) sugar moiety are converted into acetal form through a reaction with dry acetone using phosphoric acid and anhydrous zinc chloride as catalysts producing 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropyledine ?-D-glucofuranose(I). The five memberd ring acetal of C(5,6) is hydrolyzed with acetic acid (65%)and a reaction of the new product with sodium periodate is carried on to get an aldehyde moiety which is used to produce a new series of Schiff bases through reacting with different amino compounds such as 4-amino antipyrene .
The suggested chemical structures of the prepared compounds are confirmed by using UV., FT-IR and1 H-NMR spectra .Most of the prepared compounds show antibacterial activity.
Ekstrak Daging Putih Semangka (Citrulus vulgaris) Menurunkan Kolesterol Total dan Aktivitas Hidroksi-Metilglutaril-KoA Reduktase Tikus Hiperkolesterolemia
Authors: Djala Fany Lairin , Lyrawati Diana , Soeharto Setyawati
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daging putih semangka mempengaruhi profil lipid dan memiliki efek hambatan terhadap HMG-KoA reduktase. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 4 kelompok Rattus norvegicus Wistar jantan dengan diet tinggi kolesterol sebagai model hiperkolesterolemia, yaitu (1) tanpa ekstrak, (2) dengan ekstrak daging putih semangka 250, atau (3) 500mg/kgBb/hari, (4) simvastatin 0,9mg/kgBb/hari, dan 1 kelompok tikus diet normal. Profil lipid dianalisis menggunakan metode Cholesterol Peroxidase-Phenol Quinoneimine (CHOD-PAP), sedangkan aktivitas HMG-KoA reduktase dianalisis secara spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia ekstrak daging putih semangka ekivalen dengan simvastatin dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total (p=0,038), meningkatkan kadar HDL (p=0,021) dan menghambat aktivitas HMG-KoA reduktase (p=0,012). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daging putih semangka 250 atau 500 mg/kgBb/hari dapat dikembangkan sebagai antihiperlipidemia.Kata Kunci: Aktivitas HMG-KoA reduktase, hiperkolesterolemia, profil lipid, semangka
Efek Ekstrak Propolis terhadap Ekspresi TNF-Î±, Apoptosis dan Nekrosis Jaringan Otak Tikus Model Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Authors: Dewi Ashalia Chandra , Ali Mulyohadi , Purnomo Hari
Published: November 2016

Ekstrak propolis merupakan produk lebah dengan berbagai kandungan aktif yang memiliki efek antioksidan, antiinflamasi, proteksi DNA, neuroprotektan dan immunomodulator. Propolis mampu menurunkan reaksi inflamasi melalui hambatan terhadap aktivitas TNF-Î± dan NF-ÎºB, mampu menurunkan Bax dan caspase-3, dan meningkatkan Bcl-2, yang berperan pada jalur apoptosis. Propolis berpotensi sebagai terapi alternatif dalam menurunkan inflamasi, apoptosis dan nekrosis pada traumatic brain injury (TBI) via modulasi ekspresi TNF-Î±. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak propolis dalam berbagai dosis pada ekspresi TNF-Î±, apoptosis dan nekrosis pada jaringan otak tikus model TBI. Sampel dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu: kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, kelompok model trauma dan diberi perlakuan propolis masing-masing dosis 50, 100, dan 200mg/kgBB/h. Pada akhir penelitian, tikus dikorbankan dan dibuat preparat otak untuk menilai ekspresi TNF-Î±, jumlah sel apoptosis dan area nekrosis. Ekspresi TNF-Î±, apoptosis dan nekrosis lebih rendah pada kelompok TBI yang mendapatkan ekstrak propolis 50, 100, dan 200mg/kgBB/h (p=0,000). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak propolis berpengaruh dalam penurunan ekspresi TNF-Î±, apoptosis dan nekrosis jaringan otak tikus model TBI.Kata Kunci: Apoptosis, ekstrak propolis, ekspresi TNF-Î±, nekrosis, traumatic brain injury
Pengaruh Vitamin D terhadap Ekspresi COX-2, Kadar cAMP, Kadar Renin Darah dan Tekanan Darah Sistolik dalam Sistem Renin Angiotensin Aldosteron
Authors: Hermawan Dessy - , Soejono Sri Kadarsih , Sunarti ' , Astuti Indwiani , Nang Agus Zainal Arifin
Published: November 2016

Banyak penelitian yang melaporkan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dalam darah dengan hipertensi, hanya saja mekanismenya dalam sistem renin angiotensin belum dapat dijelaskan dengan pasti. Hal ini yang menarik untuk mempelajari mekanisme aksi vitamin D dalam dalam pengaturan tekanan darah di sistem renin angiotensin aldosteron. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimen laboratorik dengan pre-post test group design, yang di bagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap pertama untuk mempelajari pengaruh vitamin D terhadap ekspresi COX-2 di sel macula densa ginjal dan tahap kedua untuk mempelajari mekanisme aksi vitamin D dalam pengaturan tekanan darah. Hasil yang di dapat bahwa sasaran aksi vitamin D pada sistem renin angiotensin aldosteron kemungkinan ada di dua bagian, yaitu ada yang di bagian up-stream cAMP dengan menekan ekspresi COX-2 di sel macula densa ginjal dan ada yang di bagian down-stream cAMP, yaitu dengan menekan langsung gen yang menyandi renin. Hal ini didukung dengan data bahwa tidak terjadinya akumulasi cAMP, peningkatan kadar renin dan TDS walaupun hewan coba telah diberi teofilin bersamaan dengan vitamin D.Kata Kunci: hipertensi, vitamin D, renin, cAMP, COX-2 dan tekanan darah sistolik
Holothuria scabra Memperbaiki Fibrosis Hepar pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida
Authors: Padauleng Novrita , Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Published: November 2016

Perkembangan agen antifibrotik belakangan ini mencakup berbagai mekanisme, diantaranya melalui jalur antioksidan. Salah satu bahan alam yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan adalah Teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa aktivitas antifibrotik Teripang pasir in vivo menggunakan tikus fibrosis hepar yang diinduksi CCl4. Dua puluh delapan tikus Wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok penelitian, yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol vehicle (injeksi minyak zaitun intraperitoneal), kelompok kontrol induksi CCl4 (injeksi CCl4 dalam minyak zaitun intraperitoneal), serta dua kelompok perlakuan (tikus diinduksi CCl4 dan diberikan Teripang pasir 75 dan 100mg/200gBB). Fibrosis hepar diinduksi dengan injeksi CCl4 10% dalam minyak zaitun serial selama 5 minggu, diikuti 4 minggu pemberian Teripang pasir peroral (75 & 100mg/200gBB) sekali sehari, sejak minggu ke-5. Fibrosis hepar dianalisa menggunakan sistem scoring METAVIR pada jaringan dengan pewarnaan Mallory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat fibrosis hepar pada kelompok kontrol induksi CCl4 berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok perlakuan yang diinduksi CCl4 dan diberikan Teripang pasir (p=0,000), namun perbedaan antara kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan Teripang pasir 75 dan 100mg/200gBB tidak signifikan (p=0,081). Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian ekstrak Teripang pasir dapat memperbaiki fibrosis hepar yang diinduksi CCl4. Kata Kunci: CCl4, fibrosis hepar, teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra)
Peningkatan NT-proBNP dan cTn-I Serum Pasien Limfoma Non-Hodgkin's yang Menerima Kemoterapi Berbasis Doxorubicin
Authors: Putra Aditya Chandra , Hermanto Djoko Heri , - Wursito -
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai perubahan kadar cTn-I dan NT-proBNP serum pasien Limfoma Non-Hodgkin's (LNH) yang dikemoterapi berbasis doxorubicin (DOX). Penelitian menggunakan desain prospective cohort observational dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu pasien LNH usia 16 s/d 65 tahun, ECOG scale â‰¤2, serum kreatinin â‰¤1,5mg/dl, dan fungsi liver normal. Kriteria eksklusi antara lain memiliki PJK, penyakit katup jantung dengan gangguan hemodinamik, ekokardiografi prekemoterapi LVEF <50%, sedang atau riwayat iradiasi di dinding thorax. Sampel darah diambil sebelum dan 24 jam setelah kemoterapi. Dari 34 pasien yang diteliti, lansia 20 pasien, dewasa 13 pasien dan 1 pasien remaja. Sebanyak 33 pasien dengan skor ECOG 1. Kadar cTn-I 23 pasien meningkat 24 jam pascakemoterapi ke-1 dan berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan kadar cTn-I prekemoterapi (p<0,001). Kadar NT-proBNP 11 pasien meningkat 24 jam pascakemoterapi ke-1 dan 22 pasien meningkat 24 jam pascakemoterapi ke-2. Kadar NT-proBNP pascakemoterapi ke-1 berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan prekemoterapi (p<0,001). Kadar NT-proBNP pascakemoterapi ke-2 berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan prekemoterapi (p<0,001). Kadar NT-proBNP dosis DOX 100mg/m2 LPT berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan dosis 50mg/m2 LPT (p=0,001). Uji regresi logistik menunjukkan usia tua berhubungan dengan risiko peningkatan NT-proBNP (RR=6,271 (CI:1,295, 30,382), p=0,023). Kesimpulannya, terdapat peningkatan kadar cTn-I dan NT-proBNP pada pasien LNH setelah kemoterapi berbasis DOX. Kata Kunci: Doxorubicin, cTn-I, Limfoma Non-Hodgkin's, NT-proBNP
Gigi Tiruan Overlay Thermoplastic Resin Pada Pasien Celah Bibir dan Palatum
Authors: Amalia Elka Ayu , Kusuma Heriyanti Amalia , Wahyuningtyas Endang
Published: November 2016

Kasus celah bibir dan palatum, adalah kasus yang memiliki tingkat kesulitan lebih tinggi dalam hal perbaikan bila dibandingkan dengan kasus kecacatan lain yang disebabkan oleh cacat bawaan maupun dapatan lain. Karena kasus celah bibir dan palatum meminta perhatian khusus pada tahap-tahap perbaikannya, serta memerlukan kolaborasi antar disiplin ilmu kedokteran untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Prostodonsi adalah salah satu bidang kedokteran gigi yang memegang peranan menentukan hasil akhir dari rangkaian perawatan yang telah dilakukan. Gigi tiruan overlay adalah gigi tiruan lepasan yang digunakan untuk mengurangi penyempitan rahang atas dan perbedaan dalam dimensi vertikal. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah membahas perawatan yang lebih nyaman dengan gigi tiruan overlay thermoplastic resin untuk kasus celah bibir dan palatum. Seorang pasien perempuan, 25 tahun, datang dengan keluhan ingin perbaikan estetik pada regio anterior rahang atas, untuk menutupi defek sisa hasil operasi penyatuan celah palatum yang telah dilakukan ketika balita. Tatalaksana kasus: 1) Anamnesa, 2) Pemeriksaan klinis dan radiografis, 3) Pencetakan model studi, 4) Pencetakan model kerja, 5) Pemasangan pada artikulator, 6) Penyusunan gigi, 7) Pasang coba model malam, 8) Processing laboratorium, 9) Insersi, 10) Kontrol. Kesimpulan: Perawatan pasien celah palatum dengan gigi tiruan overlay thermoplastic resin memberikan kenyamanan, perbaikan estetis sehingga menimbulkan dampak psikologis yang baik pada pasien. Thermoplastic Resin Overlay Denture On Cleft Lip And Palate Patient (A Case Report). Background: Cleft lip and palate has a degree of difficulities in habilitativeness among other congenital or acquired handicaps. Because this case requires a special attention on the habilitation stage, also requires an interdiciplinary collaboration in medical professions in order to achieve optimal results. Prosthodontics is a part in dentistry that has a role in determining the final results of a series of treatments that have been performed. Overlay denture is a removable prosthesis which are used to alleviate maxillary constriction and discrepancies in vertical dimension. Purpose: To give more comfortable treatment with overlay denture on cleft lip and palate case. Case: A 25 years old female patient, with the chief complaint of the aesthetic on her maxillary anterior region. Requires a treatment to covered her defect, post cleft lip and palate operations that have been performed when she was a child. Case management: 1) Anamnesis, 2) Clinical and radiographic examination, 3) Study model impressions, 4) Working model impressions, 5) Articulator mounting, 6) Artificial teeth arrangement, 7) Wax model try-in, 8) Laboratorium processing, 9) Insertion, 10) Control. Conclusion: Treatment of a cleft lip and palate case with a thermoplastic resin overlay denture can delivered comfort, and aesthetic improvement which can gives the patient a positive physiological impact.
Identifikasi Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.)
Authors: Arundina Ira , Budhy S. Theresia Indah , Luthfi Muhammad , Indrawati Retno
Published: November 2016

Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut merupakan jenis kanker yang paling sering ditemukan di rongga mulut. Faktor risiko utama terjadi keganasan di rongga mulut meliputi riwayat serta kebiasaan mengkonsumsi tembakau dan atau alkohol. Tanaman sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) sering digunakan di masyarakat sebagai anti tumor pada organ pencernaan termasuk di rongga mulut, namun belum ada penelitian tentang bahan aktif yang berperan sebagai anti kanker di rongga mulut. Banyak didapatkan spesies dari genus Artemisia, sedangkan yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia adalah spesies Artemisia vulgaris L. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan identifikasi menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dari sudamala. Penelitian meliputi ekstraksi sudamala, identifikasi ekstrak sudamala, fraksinasi sudamala menggunakan Kromatografi Kolom Vakum dan identifikasi dari fraksi sudamala menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Ekstrak heksan sudamala yang dilakukan fraksinasi menggunakan n-heksan: etil asetat menghasilkan 11 fraksi. Fraksi n-heksan: etil asetat (3:7,v/v) dari sudamala yang teridentifikasi menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) mengandung terpenoid.Identification of Sudamala ( Artemisia vulgaris L.) Thin Layer Chromatography. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the type of cancer which is most frequently found in oral cavity. The primary risk factor of malignancy in oral cavity includes the habit of consuming tobacco and or alcohol. The plant sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) is often used in the community as anti-tumor in digestive organ, including in oral cavity. However, there have been no studies on active ingredients playing the role as anti-cancer in oral cavity. The species are mostly from the genus Artemisia, while those generally growing in Indonesia are the species Artemisia vulgaris L. The objective of this study is to explain the identification by TLC of sudamala. The study was sudamala extraction, identification of sudamala extract, sudamala fractionation with Vacuum Column Chromatography and identification of sudamala fractionation with TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The result shows that the fractionation using hexane extract resulted in 11 fractions of n-hexane: ethyl acetate. The conclusion of this study is that the fraction of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3:7, v/v) sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) identified contains terpenoids compounds.
Cover Warta Perkaretan
Authors: Perkaretan Cover Warta
Published: November 2016

Warta Perkaretan Vol. 35, No. 1, 2016
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KARET BELUM MENGHASILKAN DI LAHAN PESISIR PANTAI DAN UPAYA PENGELOLAAN LAHANNYA (Studi Kasus: Kebun Balong, Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Achmad Saiful Rodhian , Aji Yoga Bagus Setya
Published: November 2016

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan masih terbuka kesempatan yang besar dalam memanfaatkan lahan pesisir pantai untuk dikelola menjadi lahan tanaman yang produktif. Lahan pesisir pantai biasanya dicirikan oleh sifat fisik, kimia mapun biologi tanah yang kurang menguntungkan bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan tanaman karet belum menghasilkan (TBM) di lahan pesisir pantai dan upaya pengelolaannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel tanah dan pengamatan kondisi tanaman. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada dua lokasi, yaitu berjarak ± 500 m dan > 1000 m dari bibir pantai. Hasil analisis tanah menunjukkan bahwa tekstur tanah pada jarak 500 m dan > 1000 m dari garis pantai didominasi  fraksi pasir yaitu > 70%. Secara umum kesuburan tanahnya tergolong rendah dicirikan C-organik tanah tergolong rendah hingga sangat rendah, hara makro (N dan K) tergolong rendah hingga sangat rendah tetapi hara P tersedia pada jarak ± 500 m dan > 1000 m umumnya tergolong sangat tinggi yaitu 45-140 ppm. Keasaman tanah tergolong agak masam berkisar pada pH 6,00-6,42 atau dapat dikatakan pH tersebut sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman karet. Hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman karet pada daerah tepi pantai jarak ± 500 m menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang kurang baik, sebaliknya pada jarak > 1000 m dari bibir pantai pertumbuhan tanaman karet cukup baik. Pengelolaan lahan yang dilakukan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman karet di lahan pesisir pantai yaitu pemberian bahan organik, pemberian mulsa atau penanaman LCC, pemberian pembenah tanah, penanaman tanaman pemecah angin (windbreaker) serta penggunaan klon adaptif.
CARBON FOOTPRINT DALAM PROSES BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KARET DAN PRODUKSI BEBERAPA PRODUK KARET
Authors: Cahyo Andi Nur , Saputra Jamin , Purbaya Mili , Wijaya Thomas
Published: November 2016

Salah satu komoditas pertanian yang memberikan andil dalam penyerapan dan emisi CO2 adalah tanaman karet.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah karbon yang diemisikan dan diserap (Carbon Footprint/CF) dalam proses budidaya tanaman karet mulai dari pembibitan, persiapan lahan, penanaman, dan pemeliharaan sampai tanaman diremajakan. Jumlah karbon yang diserap oleh tanaman karet diperoleh berdasarkan analisa C-organik sampel bibit tanaman karet baik yang masih berupa batang bawah, bibit polibeg dua payung dan tanaman karet klon GT1 pada saat diremajakan. Jumlah karbon yang diemisikan dihitung dari proses pembuatan bibit polibeg dua payung daun sampai tanaman diremajakan. Total emisi karbon yang dihasilkan mulai dari proses pembuatan bibit sampai peremajaan karet tua adalah 728,87 kg CO2-e/tanaman. Sebaliknya total serapan karbon oleh tanaman karet selama satu siklus adalah 2.278,17 kg CO2-e/tanaman untuk klon GT 1. Klon GT1 dalam satu siklus dapat menghasilkan 68,55 kg karet kering/tanaman, sehingga untuk memproduksi 1 kg karet kering telah diserap 33,23 kg CO2 dan diemisikan 10,63 kg CO2. Selain itu, untuk menghasilkan 1 kg produk karet remah, karet sit, atau lateks pekat, akan dihasilkan emisi karbon tambahan sebesar 0,313; 0,126; dan 0,151 kg CO2-eq/kg produk yang dihasilkan berturut-turut. Karena itu, apabila dihitung mulai dari proses pembibitan tanaman karet, telah diserap karbon sebanyak 33,23 kg CO2 dan diemisikan karbon sebanyak 10,94; 10,75; dan 10,78 kg CO2-e untuk setiap kg karet remah, karet sit, dan lateks pekat yang dihasilkan berturut-turut. Hal ini menunjukkan budidaya tanaman karet memberikan andil positif dalam penyerapan karbon dari atmosfer dan menekan pemanasan global.
PENGELOLAAN LENGAS TANAH DAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KARET BELUM MENGHASILKAN PADA MUSIM KEMARAU DAN PENGHUJAN
Authors: Achmad Saiful Rodhian , Putra Riko Cahya
Published: November 2016

Lengas tanah merupakan air yang mengisi sebagian dan atau seluruh pori tanah. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberadaan air tanah adalah besarnya curah hujan dan air yang dapat meresap ke dalam tanah. Ketersediaan lengas tanah sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman karet. Untuk mengetahui ketersediaan lengas tanah telah dilakukan penelitian di lapangan dan laboratorium Balai Penelitian Getas. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas pengelolaan lengas tanah berupa rorak, penutup tanah, dan tanpa vegetasi. Kadar lengas tanah diamati pada kedalaman tanah 0-15 cm, 16-30 cm, dan 31-45 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lahan dan berbagai kedalaman tanah berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketersediaan kadar lengas tanah pada musim kemarau dan penghujan. Kondisi lahan dan kedalaman tanah yang terbaik untuk ketersediaan kadar lengas tanah pada penelitian ini adalah lahan terdapat rorak dan kedalaman 16-30 cm. Persentase laju pertumbuhan lilit batang tanaman belum menghasilkan pada musim penghujan mencapai 91% terhadap lilit batang satu tahun dibandingkan pada musim kemarau.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHATANI PISANG DI ANTARA TANAMAN KARET : STUDI KASUS DI KEBUN CIBUNGUR, PTPN VIII JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rinojati Nofitri Dewi , Putra Riko Cahya , Afifah Elya , Muliawansyah Iwan
Published: November 2016

Masalah yang dihadapi dalam peremajaan karet adalah biaya investasi yang tinggi dan kekhawatiran hilangnya pendapatan selama tanaman karet belum menghasilkan. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dikembangkan adalah penanaman tanaman sela pada saat tanaman karet belum menghasilkan. Pengusahaan tanaman sela sudah mulai dikembangkan oleh PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VIII Jawa Barat untuk menghadapi fluktuasi harga karet dan meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan selama tanaman karet belum menghasilkan. Pisang merupakan komoditas yang memiliki prospek pasar cerah dan sesuai diusahakan sebagai tanaman di antara tanaman karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi usahatani pisang di antara tanaman karet di Kebun Cibungur, PTPN VIII Jawa Barat. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis efisiensi usahatani. Efisiensi usahatani merupakan nisbah antara penerimaan dengan biaya usahatani yang merupakan salah satu ukuran apakah usahatani tersebut efisien atau tidak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani tersebut mampu memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 7.059.598/ha/2 tahun dengan nilai R/C Ratio 1,28. Nilai R/C Ratio lebih besar dari satu, mencerminkan bahwa usahatani tersebut efisien. Ini berarti bahwa usahatani pisang layak untuk dikembangkan di antara tanaman karet belum menghasilkan.
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Complicated Crown-Root Fractures: A Case Study
Authors: Stojanac IL , Bajkin BV , Premovic MT , Ramic BD , Petrovic LM
Published: November 2016

Traumatic dental injuries usually occur among children and adolescents, with maxillary central incisors as the most often affected teeth. Complicated crown-root fractures are particularly challenging for esthetic and functional rehabilitation and often require a multidisciplinary approach. A 21-year-old male patient came to the Dental Clinic due to fractured maxillary incisors caused by trauma during a sporting activity. Clinical examination revealed horizontal fractures of teeth 7, 8, and 9, initiating in the labial cervical third and extending subgingivally on the palate, with exposed pulp tissues. On provisional repositioning and splinting the fragments, root canal treatment was performed. Definitive repositioning was accomplished by raising a full-thickness gingival flap, using fiber-reinforced composite posts, by an endodontist and an oral surgeon. Reattachment was accomplished under surgical conditions to ensure precise positioning of fragments by exposing the palatal aspect of the fracture lines and providing a dry operating field. Definitive composite resin veneers were performed after seven days.
Femtosecond laser peening of 2024 aluminum alloy without a sacrificial overlay under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Sano Tomokazu , Eimura Takayuki , Kashiwabara Ryota , Matsuda Tomoki , Isshiki Yutaro , Hirose Akio , Tsutsumi Seiichiro , Arakawa Kazuto , Hashimoto Tadafumi , Masaki Kiyotaka , Sano Yuji
Published: November 2016

The authors have successfully performed femtosecond laser peening on a 2024 aluminum alloy without any sacrificial overlays. Laser pulses were directly irradiated to the surface of specimens in the air without water film as a plasma confinement medium during the peening treatment. The fatigue life was improved as much as 38 times in comparison with base material at a stress amplitude of 195 MPa. The fatigue strength of the peened specimen after 2 × 106 cycles was 58 MPa larger than that of the base material. The femtosecond laser peening process has a great potential to be applied in various fields where conventional peening methods cannot be used, as this process can be performed under ambient conditions without the use of a plasma confinement medium such as water or transparent materials.