bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Design of kNN Text Categorization on Storm Cluster
Authors: Liu Rui Fang , Yu Bao Jin , Xue Jiang , Xu Li Xin
Published: September 2013

Try to handle a big data stream for information retrieval is just a beginning from TREC KBA2012. Storm is a free and open source distributed real-time computation system, which makes it easy to reliably process unbounded streams of data. For the issue of KBA2012, the combination of k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm and Storm cluster will be an effective solution. kNN classification technique stands out for its simplicity and capability of being implemented on distributed platform. In addition, the entities (categories) in the issue of KBA2012 are settled down, which corresponds to the situation in which kNN is used. The paper discussed the implementation of kNN on Storm cluster and the results of experiments with KBA2012 data set.
The Application of Personalized Service in the Equipment Sharing Platform
Authors: Yin Kun , Li Yan , Wang Qiu Feng
Published: September 2013

Aiming at the problems existing in the development of engineering machinery, engineering machinery personalized service model is established according to the analysis of the methods of personalized service. Personalized service system of engineering machinery is set up with the engineering mechanical personalization service model as the core, expounds the ways of the realization of each function subsystem, including intelligent equipment management subsystem, intelligent locks subsystem, spare parts management subsystem and training assessment subsystem. The system greatly satisfies the customers' demands for personalized service, it makes great contributions to improve the service level and promote the development of the whole engineering machinery industry.
E-Retailer's Technology Strategy for Implementing Online Marketing
Authors: Li Zhan
Published: September 2013

Follwing with integration of between online and offline business. this trend, e-retailers implement new online marketing methods to differ from their competitors. This article will discuss four typical technology strategies for implementing online marketing: social media marketing, customer relationship management, affiliate marketing and word of mouth marketing.
Application of Computer Security Technology in Electronic Commerce
Authors: Fan Tao
Published: September 2013

With the rapid popularization and wide application of electronic information technology, electronic commerce is more and more recognized by the society due to its fast and convenient advantages. The development prospects of e-commerce are very attractive, but the commercial information security is still the primary problems of e-commerce. This article, from the basic frame of electronic commerce security, analyzed all kinds of security technology in electronic commerce to seek an effective and safe approach to realize electronic commerce.
Analysis and Simulation of Concatenating Orthogonal STBC with TCM in Fading Channels
Authors: Zhang Dong Ming , Li Yong Jun , Ding Li , Zhang Da Wei
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we illustrate an orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) concatenated with trellis-coded modulation (TCM) model, for information transmission over a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel with 2 transmit antennas and 1 receive antenna. We establish the model of TCM-OSTBC concatenation using the SIMULINK. Also, the establishment of an independent TCM model and OSTB model are shown in order to compare with the concatenation scheme. Finally, the performance simulation diagram under three schemes is given. As expected, the simulation result clearly shows, the performance of concatenated OSTBC with TCM is better than TCM or OSTBC.
Analysis on Variance Estimation of Fixed Effects Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Li Hai Tao , Zhao Geng , Zhang Hong Chun
Published: September 2013

The network has become an important part of life in the 21st century and it gradually become an important positions which people can express their ideas and they can exchange their cultural and social opinion can be spread, the modern college students are the biggest group which are influenced by network culture. The network culture to college students values research is imminence requirement of the times. this paper according to social network cultures current situation to analyze the present situation of the college students, estimate of variance of the influence of value by fixed-effect model to judge the influence degree. And than research relevant strategies, it tries to lead the college students value orientation under the internet culture.
Research on the Marketing Mode of Searching Engine Based on E-Commerce Environment
Authors: Yu Lin Jun , Ai Hua Li
Published: September 2013

Since the 21st century, with the rapidly development of the Internet, it promotes the rapidly development of electronic commerce. In present e-commerce activities,it mainly includes government agencies and online shopping which draw people's special attention to it . This study analyzes the statistical data in a certain time the user access to online shopping site and puts forward that this law according with certain probability density distribution conclusion. This paper plans a table which pushed a compound probability distribution model through the basic probability density function in order to adapt to the search engine's rule.It finally applied the composite model to probability distribution of people use search engine successful and found that the use of composite model prediction value are at risk than other models. probability distribution of the users in a certain time shopping can be pointed out which has a certain guiding significance on the search engine marketing model in electronic commerce environment.
Analysis of a New Ventilation Flow Filed of Ultraviolet Cross-Linking Irradiation Box
Authors: Lu Yi Ping , Jin Zi Cheng , Han Jia De , Huang Bo , Hao Guang Ping
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the cooling effect of cable ultraviolet cross-linking irradiation box, the structure of spreader plate, reflector and outlet were improved. Then the 3D solid model of the irradiation box was established and the numerical simulation of turbulent flow field was performed due to the principle of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). On this basis, the flow fields characteristics inside the irradiation box of original and improve programs were analyzed. The results showed that volume air flow of the new program increased by 36.6% and air velocity around the mercury lamp and XLPE cable surface was increased, so the better cooling effect can be achieved in the new program.
Web Based E-Learning System for C-Language
Authors: Hong Lian Xi , Li Chuan Mu
Published: September 2013

This paper introduces a Web-based tutoring system for computer programming that provides an integrated environment for web programming. The proposed system is web-based. It provides an online editor for writing, editing, updating, and executing programming code, so the students can execute examples and practical exercises online, it can help a student navigate through the online course materials, recommend learning goals, and generate appropriate reading sequences.. In addition, it provides auto complete and syntax highlighting in editing code, which could help students to remember the syntax more easily. The proposed system provides communication and interactive forum among students and teachers. And it provides the teachers with an online exam system. It monitors, collects and keeps information about students performance and activities. Therefore, teachers can use the recorded information to keep tracking of the students progress.
Research on the Robustness of Peer-to-Peer Overlay
Authors: Jiang Zhi Yong
Published: September 2013

Many complex networks display a surprising degree of tolerance against error comes at a high price in that these networks are extremely vulnerable to attacks (that is , to the removal of a few nodes that play a vital role in the networks). Complex peer-to-peer overlay networks display a surprising degree of robustness: although some components regularly malfunction, local failures rarely lead to the loss of the information carrying ability of the network. The stability of these and other complex systems is often attributed to the redundant wiring of the functional web defined by the systems components. In this paper a model of peer-to-peer overlay is presented based on the actual topology. According to the model it is found that such error tolerance and attack vulnerability are generic properties of peer-to-peer overlay.
NISP-Based Research on the System Structure of Urban Symbiosis Network in China
Authors: Liu Guang Fu , Chen Fei Da
Published: September 2013

Based on the origin and meaning of symbiosis, this paper explores the concept of industrial symbiosis and points out the industrial symbiotic has a win-win effect in the field of socio-economic. In China, the main practical pattern of industrial symbiosis is eco-industrial park, but it has some restriction factors and unreasonable arrangements which would be difficult to eliminate in the short term. Through the research of origin, formation mechanism, organizational framework and operational framework of UK’s National Industrial Symbiosis Programme, this paper points out building urban symbiosis network in a government promoted model is the best way to realize regional industrial ecology in China. Then this paper sort out the system structure, i.e. network organizational structure and responsibilities of participating members.
Scenario-Based Multi-Objective Optimal Dispatch Considering Forecast Uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hui , Yan Ke Ke , Zhong Jia Qing
Published: September 2013

Renewable energy recourses and Wind Power Generators are playing an ever-increasing role in power generation. In this paper, a two stage scenario-based approach considering load/wind forecast uncertainty is implemented for multi-objective economic emission dispatch problem which concludes minimize total fuel cost and emission simultaneously. Besides, an improved optimization algorithm of multi-objective based on Particle Swarm Optimization (MOIPSO) is implemented to extract the best solution for the stochastic problem. The proposed method is tested on a power system having 6-unit in order to measure its efficiency and feasibility.
Effect of AMPS and Clay on the Acrylic Acid Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Yi , Peng Yue , Liu Wen Yong , Zeng Guang Sheng , Li Xiang Gang , Yan Xue Hui
Published: September 2013

A kind of superabsorbent hydrogels was synthesized by an optimized rapid solution polymerization of concertrated partically neutralized acrylic acid in the presence of an organic crosslinker agent under normal atmospheric conditions, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was added into the gels as co-polymerization monomer to enhance the ability of water absorption. Meanwhile, the hydrophilic nanosized clay Laponite XLG was also added into the gels for improving the shape stability and mechanical properties of gels. Through controlling the ratio of monomers and the content of nanosized clay, the superabsorbent hydrogels with excellent swelling ability and good mechanical properties could be gotten.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field for Molten Low Voltage UV Cross-Linking Polyethylene Cable
Authors: Jin Zi Cheng , Lu Yi Ping , Han Jia De , Huang Bo , Wang Zuo Min
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the quality of low voltage UV cross-linking product and provide a theoretical basis to the improvement of cross-linking device, the temperature field of cross-section of cable was studied based on the theories of semi-transparent medium radiation and numerical heat transfer in this article. Two cases with different convective heat transfer coefficient of cable surface were researched, and then the temperature distribution in the cable under different boundary conditions of heat convection was analyzed. At last, the temperature field characters of insulating layer and conductor cores in the cable were achieved and a reasonable value range of convective heat transfer coefficient of cable surface was given in this article.
The Design and Implementation of Multiple Services Tracking and Parallelly Testing in CMMB System
Authors: Lei Guo Ping , Yineng Xian Yi
Published: September 2013

We need to track and detect all kinds of business when we prepare to have a test on the network in the Mobile Digital Multimedia Broadcasting System. This paper raise a way can parallelly test all the physical parameters such as RSSI, multipath, constellation diagram, BER and SNR of the service time slot of every frame in CMMB system by making a research on the traditional way of multiple services tracking and parallelly testing in CMMB system.On the basis of traditional way, we increase parity service discriminant moduleodd service parameters test module and even service parameters test module and make reasonable control scheme that odd service parameters test module and even service parameters test module test and receive the input data alternately in time ,that is to say, they independently make internal data processing, which making a good solution to the problems that the occupation of the system resource and insufficient data processing time.
Structure Optimization of the Pressure Vessel with Large Opening and Reinforcement
Authors: Xu Chun Hua
Published: September 2013

Aiming at the problems presented in the design of large-size vessels, structure optimization of the pressure vessel with large opening and reinforcement is mainly discussed. Firstly, 3D finite element model was established for the pressure vessel with large opening. Then, the local equivalent stress of the vessel with large opening in the thermal stress coupled field is analyzed based on ANSYS software. Secondly, taking the wall thickness of tank body and connecting pipe, the width and thickness of reinforcement pad as design variables, allowable stress as constrain condition, different structure schemes were proposed. Finally, the optimal scheme was determined through analyzing and comparing different schemes.
Variability Analysis of T Network Impedance Matching
Authors: Tan Jian Wen , Deng Si Jian , Ye Fang Wei , Zeng De Ping
Published: September 2013

Harmonic rejection ability and reflection coefficient are the most important factors in the design of impedance matching network. However, stability of impedance matching should be taken into account in applications existing load impedance variation and component deviation due to tolerance and process variation. This paper investigates variability of T network impedance matching analytically. The formulas for calculating the resulting reflection coefficient caused by parameter variations are derived from quality factor-based design method. The analysis results can provide reference for design process and an opportunity for a better understanding of the dynamic behavior of the narrowband impedance-matching networks.
Design of a Voltage-Controlled Beam Scanning Antenna Array Based on CRLH TL
Authors: Wu Rui Kun , Chen Guo Tai
Published: September 2013

The voltage-controlled beam scanning antenna array based on the CRLH transmission line is designed with series power divider and three small antenna. The resonant frequency of the open-termination power divider is 2.5GHz, and the varactor bias voltage of the small antenna is from 8V to 2V. At the operating frequency of 2.5GHz, the horizontally polarized pattern of the antenna array is measured. When the bias voltage of the varactor is changed, the antenna array radiation beam scanning range is up to 96 degrees, and its radiation from backward to forward can be achieved by controlling the varactor bias voltage.
The Design of Re-Issued Data Memory Circuit Based on Telemetry System
Authors: Guo Xing Long , Han Yan
Published: September 2013

Radio telemetry is used as a major way on monitoring flight test of airplanes. As information transition channel is disturbed or interrupted significantly during the blackout area during flight, the carrier information will not be transmitted normally. However, the airplane data during the blackout period has to be monitored seriously. This issue can be resolved by building re-issued data memory function into a telemetry system. This paper looks at the research of re-issued data memory technology and proposes a new design of re-issued data memory circuit for realizing the negative trigger delay storage of data flow in telemetry system during blackout period. The delayed data in the storage will be transmitted again later. The new designed circuit uses multiple re-issued data memory methods to satisfy the requirements of different telemetry tests and measurements, assuring complete data during airplane flight test.
Four Parallel Channels Radix-4 FFT with Single Floating-Point Butterfly
Authors: Yu Ji Yang , Huang Dan , Li Xin , Xu Ke , Guo Li Ming , Gao Jian Jun
Published: September 2013

An efficient design method of four parallel channels in-order FFT with single floating-point butterfly is proposed, to reduce the resource consumption and improve the real-time calculation ability. The radix-4 FFT is deduced to calculate the access address for four channel data parallel. The hardware architecture of the proposed FFT is presented, and the single precision floating-point adder and multiplier are also depicted. The proposed architecture of a four channels 1024 points radix-4 FFT with single butterfly is implemented in FPGA, and the performance is compared with previous literatures and some EDA corporations IP cores, which shows the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Tracking and Positioning Control System Design Based on Free Pendulum
Authors: He Yi Fang , Shen Ming Feng , Huang Cheng , Li Zhi Jun
Published: September 2013

The mathematical model of the tracking and positioning system was presented and established by analyzing the kinematics of the free pendulum system. According to the system designs requirements, a performance dedicated circuit was designed for it. The sensors, controllers, and execution units were selected. The circuit of control system was designed. A system was made for debugging and a high-performance fuzzy controller was designed. Its algorithm was based on the fuzzy control PID theory. The core of the fuzzy controller was a set of fuzzy associative memory rules that correlate each group of fuzzy control input sets to a fuzzy control output set. We finished the high precision tracking and locating system design. Through the system performance test, test results showed that the system had good performance.
Design of Testing System Based on the DRFM
Authors: Liang Chen , Qu Ning , Zhang Hai Bo , Tan Xue Zhe , Lin Hong Wen , Li Ting Jun
Published: September 2013

Based on the disadvantages and problems of current detect ways, come up the testing system which using numerical controlled oscillator (NOC), Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) and digital down-covert to intermediate frequency (IF) processing, introduce the background information, main functions, total structure and design implementation.
Power Control Modes and Performance Analysis of Excavator Hydraulic System
Authors: Han Hui Xian
Published: September 2013

The article reviews the evolution of excavator hydraulic system power control mode, analyzes the structure and the advantage and disadvantage of main power control system such as throttle control system, negative control system and positive control system. The positive control system has the advantages of little power loss, fast response and high flow matching, which is the better control mode. Finally the paper prospects the development direction of excavator hydraulic system power control mode.
A Study of Super-Capacitors Charge Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Jin Long , Li Deng Hua , Gao Jing Min , Wu Zhi Zhong
Published: September 2013

In this article, the arithmetic model of super-capacitors in photovoltaic system and more charge modes, especially constant power charge mode, was studied. A numerical way of calculating the charge efficiency was introduced. The maximum charge efficiency of super-capacitors when its output voltage raises from zero to the rated voltage under constant power charge mode was presented. The multi-stage charge efficiency curves was retrieved, which indicates that the constant power charging mode is more suitable. The constant power control charge strategy using two-stage Buck-Boost converter to charge super-capacitors was proposed. The simulation results show that this strategy effectively ensure the performance of the system.
Hardware Development of Automotive Passive Entry Passive Start System
Authors: Cao Zhi Gang , Luo Feng
Published: September 2013

With the rapid development of modern automotive technology and the peoples increasing requirements, Passive Entry Passive Start System (PEPS) is quickly becoming the main trend and common option on the new auto models. This paper describes the basic function of PEPS system and introduces the hardware architecture of whole PEPS system. Then introduce the hardware solution for main parts in this system such as PEPS ECU, smart key, IMMO and ESCL. At the end, we test and verify the PEPS system based on this hardware architecture which is stable and reliable.
An Evaluation Scheme of Skywave Radar Coverage of Ship Target Based on GRG
Authors: Liu S.H. , Sheng W. , Zhang X.H.
Published: September 2013

An evaluation scheme of skywave radar coverage of ship target is researched. On the basis of fifteen kinds of indexes of the skywave radar coverage, a sort of model of coverage quantitative evaluation with three levels of hiberarchy is established by means of the modified analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based on grey relational grade (GRG), the quantitative calculation method of all level indexes is discussed, and the effectiveness ofthe model is verified. This method solve the problem in AHP effectively. The result shows that the evaluation scheme of skywave radar coverage is feasibility.
Active Synthesis of Machine Drive Systems
Authors: Dzitkowski Tomasz , Dymarek Andrzej
Published: September 2013

The paper presents a numerical example of utilizing a synthesis tool to determine the parameters and structures of machine drive systems in the form of torsional vibration models. In addition, the paper presents the algorithm for determining the values of controlling force parameters an active synthesis. The presented method makes it possible to choose a controlling force to maintain loads within the rated range under specified operating conditions.
Application of the Prediction Model "SCHALL 03" for Railway Noise Calculation in Serbia
Authors: Praščevič Momir , Gajicki Aleksandar , Mihajlov Darko , Živković Nenad , Zivkovic Ljiljana
Published: September 2013

Application of the prediction models for railway noise indicators calculation, which was already developed by other countries, represents a major challenge in Serbia. Prediction model "Schall 03" was developed in line with technical and technological characteristics of the rolling stock and infrastructure of German Railways. Prior to its application at the national level, due to different technical-technological characteristics of railway stock and railway infrastructure it is necessary to perform its validation and, depending on the needs, the calibration in accordance with local conditions. This will assure accuracy and precision of the calculations of noise indicators, as well as confidence in the results obtained by prediction model "Schall 03". This paper presents the analysis of the possibilities to apply German prediction model "Schall 03" on the Serbian railway network, more precisely railway section from Belgrade to Romanian border. Calculated values of noise indicators were compared with the results of measurements of noise indicators within measuring interval, which correspond to the referent time intervals for different day periods.
Methods of Interpreting the Results of Vibration Measurements to Locate Damages in Beams
Authors: Minda Petru Florin , Praisach Zeno Iosif , Minda Andrea Amalia , Gillich Gilbert Rainer
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with methods of interpreting the results of vibration measurement to identify structural changes in beam-like structures. We briefly presented an own developed damage assess method, that consider a large number of frequencies for the weak-axis banding vibration modes; it allows first a precise localization and afterwards evaluation of the damages. For the first step, recognition of the damage position, we introduce an algorithm implemented in C++ with the interface done using EXCEL features, indicating by one number the damage probable position, based on the Minkowski metrics. To avoid uncertainties, a graphic representation of all results is also presented. The method is tested for values determined by calculus for a randomly selected location, with and without measurement results debased by noise, proving its reliability.
Evaluation of Crack Depth in Beams for Known Damage Location Based on Vibration Modes Analysis
Authors: Praisach Zeno Iosif , Gillich Gilbert Rainer , Protocsil Carla , Muntean Florian
Published: September 2013

The paper presents a method to assess the crack depth in beams for which the damage location is known. Previous researches lead us to a method to identify damage locations in beams, based on a relation providing frequency changes in respect to damage location and depth. Separating the two variables it is possible to find first the damage location, and afterwards to derive the term controlling the severity. Comparing it with values indicating the frequency shift in respect to damage depth, the severity can be assessed. The paper presents a relation reflecting this dependency for any cross-section type, involving the static deflection for the healthy and damaged beam alone; it has a general character, being not influenced by the cross-section shape.
The Process Adaptability Study under the Conditions of Reclaimed Clay Sand Variable System
Authors: Sun Qing Zhou , Jin Li , Zhang Pu Qing , Zhao Zhong Kui , Wang Jian , Yan Jing Guang
Published: September 2013

This paper studies the process adaptability of reclaimed clay sand with core sand, and discovers that the reclaimed clay sand with furan resin self-setting sand can be used to mix the water-glass sand and hot core box sand; but it can not be used to mix the cold core box sand and coated sand. The reclaimed clay sand with water-glass sand can not be used to mix the hot core box sand, cold core box sand and coated sand; the reclaimed clay sand with hot core box sand can be used to mix the water-glass sand, cold core box sand and coated sand; the reclaimed clay sand with cold core box sand can be used to mix the water-glass sand, coated sand and hot core box sand. The reclaimed clay sand with coated sand can be used to mix the water-glass sand, but when it is used to mix the hot core box sand and cold core box sand, it can meet general requirements of the casting production; the completely reclaimed clay sand can not be used to mix the resin self-setting sand.
Some Opial Type Inequalities with Higher Order Delta Derivative on Time Scales
Authors: Li Lian Zhong , Han Maoan , Liu Yuan Yuan , Wang Peng
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we give some new Opial type dynamic inequalities with higher order delta derivative on time scales.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 26D15; 26D10.
Structure Transition and Electrocaloric Effect of Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 at High Field
Authors: Feng Wen Jiang , Zhang Zhi Guo , Wu Chuang , Chen Hao
Published: September 2013

We investigated the structure transition and the electrocaloric effect in PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) with x=0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. The results show that 50 MV/m can make the structural transition be a continuous one. When x=0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 at the zero field, the first order structural transition occurs at T0=685, 687, and 698 K, respectively. Upon a strong electric field, the first order structural transition comes to the second one, which leads to lower the change of specific heat. The structural transition temperature is shifted at high temperature with increasing electric field. The maximum electrocaloric effect is present occurs at about 200 K above the corresponding Curie temperature. With increasing composition of Ti, the electrocaloric effect is enlarged, together with increasing structure transition temperatures.
Vision Recognition on Line Pattern Following Behavior on POB-Bot
Authors: Ho Tang Swee , How Goh Chok , Fai Yeong Che , Kang Tey Wei , Ming Eileen Su Lee
Published: September 2013

Robust development in the industries had lead to the fast development of the robots and sensors. Mobile robot is able to replace human power for many things due to its low cost and high accuracy. Types of navigation of the mobile robot had been in the research for past decades, the simplest and straight forward method of mobile robot navigation will be line following. Line following basically allows the robot to move along the predefined line. This paper is proposing a novel method of line following for more functions for mobile robot. 12 patterns have been defined to perform different functions. POB-Bot has been used to recognize these patterns using its POB-Eye. The result shows that the accuracy of the POB-Eye is promisingly high for simple pattern.
Dynamical Behaviors of Stochastic Hopfield Neural Networks with Reaction-Diffusion Terms
Authors: Zhou Qing Hua , Wan Li
Published: September 2013

Dynamical behaviors of stochastic Hopfield neural network with delays and reaction-diffusion terms are investigated. By employing Lyapunov method, Poincare inequality and linear matrix inequality, some novel criteria on ultimate boundedness, weak attractor and asymptotic stability are obtained. The criteria are independent of the magnitude of the delays, and dependent on the diffusion effects and the derivative of the delays. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of our theoretical results.
A Novel Algorithm for Digital Watermarking for Image Tamper Localization and Recovery
Authors: Li Chuan Mu
Published: September 2013

A content-based and block-wise image authentication algorithm with location and recovery is presented. In this algorithm, the watermark of each block is its content-feature which is encrypted by md5, and it is embedded in another block which selected by an ergodic matrix of a chaotic sequence. That all security parameters are user dependent and can be computed at both ends individually based on Diffie-Hellman key exchange method makes the scheme not only robust against collage attack but also truly oblivious. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme can detect and localize any tampering of size 8x8 pixels and above and can recover a 40% damaged image to an intelligible one.
CSMA/CA Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Probability Function Detection
Authors: Tan Ming Chan , Ding Hong Wei , Guo Ying Ying , Zhao Yi Fan , Shao Han Bai
Published: September 2013

This paper mainly analyzes a type of wireless sensor network MAC protocol based on probability function detection with random multi-access protocol to ensure a higher systemic throughput and stability by using channel load equilibrium. By using the average cycle method, we get the mean waiting time of information packet, the formulas of performance index of the systemic throughput, and the life cycle of node through mathematical derivation strictly. At last, gives the simulation results.
A Pairwise Key Pre-Distribution Scheme Based on OKS and Grids for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Yu Quan , You Min
Published: September 2013

A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme based on OKS and grids for wireless sensor networks is proposed. This strategy divides the sensor area into square cells and logical groups and distributes key information by employing the OKS scheme. This scheme effectively reduces storage cost, saves battery energy, has good network connectivity, and provides flexible security grades.
Study on the Effect of Coarse Grinding Area Slope Angle on Surface Quality in Point Grinding
Authors: Gong Ya Dong , Yin Guo Qiang , Wang Chao , Wen Xue Long , Cheng Jun
Published: September 2013

There is a vitrified bond CBN point grinding wheel with coarse grinding area slope angle θ. This new grinding wheel has higher removing rate and better machining accuracy than conventional wheels. The design and manufacture principle of the new grinding wheels are studied in this paper. These wheels with different coarse grinding area slope angle θ are used to grind the stepped shaft of QT700 with a series of grinding parameters.VHX-1000E microscopic system and Micromeasure system are used to measure the surface quality of workpiece. In the same group of grinding parameters, compare the effect of these different wheels on surface roughness. The effect of deflection angle α on surface roughness is generalized.
Ultraprecision Lapping for the Zirconia Ceramic Plane
Authors: Ji Hong Bo , Peng Yan , Zhou Fen Fen , Guo Wei Gang , Lv Bing Hai , Zhao Ping
Published: September 2013

Zirconia ceramic widely applied in the fields of electronics, instrumentations and mechanical manufacture for its good physical and chemical properties. The ultraprecision lapping technology for the Zirconia ceramic is studied in this paper, and the influence of the different lapping parameters such as slurry, load and lapping velocity on the surface roughness of Zirconia ceramic is discussed. The evolution of surface construction is observed with the microscope to analysis the material removal mechanism. An extremely smooth surface with roughness 6.55nm Ra is obtained in the ultraprecision process. It is also found that the gap in the material will limit improvement of surface roughness and a better surface roughness of 4.72nm Ra was observed when using more compactly material lapped by same method.
Experimental Investigations of Grinding Forces in Elliptical Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding (EUAG) of Monocrystal Sapphire
Authors: Liang Zhi Qiang , Zhou Tian Feng , Wang Xi Bin , Wu Yong Bo , Zhao Wen Xiang
Published: September 2013

Grinding forces characteristics in elliptical ultrasonic assisted grinding (EUAG) of sapphire are investigated experimentally. The EUAG is a new grinding method proposed by the present authors in which an elliptical ultrasonic vibration is imposed on the workpiece by using an elliptical ultrasonic vibrator. In this paper, grinding experiments under the presence/absence of ultrasonic vibration assistance are performed. The effects of the vibration amplitude and grinding parameters such as the depth of cut, the grinding wheel speed on the grinding forces, grinding force ratioFn/Ftare clarified. The obtained conclusions are as follows: the grinding forces during EUAG lowers to 50% and grinding forces ratio becomes reduced by 33% compared that during conventional grinding (CG); the grinding forces during EUAG have the less variation rate than those during CG as grinding parameters change; higher grinding wheel speed causes the larger grinding forces in CG, but has little effect on the variation of grinding forces in EUAG. By using EUAG method, the grinding forces and force ratio are greatly decreased, and surface quality is better, meaning that grindability of sapphire material is improved.
Investigation of Dressing Characteristics of Single Crystal Diamond in CMP
Authors: Chen W.K. , Tsai M.Y. , Pai Y.L.
Published: September 2013

Diamond conditioners, or dressers, are commonly used to dress polishing pads that are applied to the chemical mechanical polishing of silicon wafers for integrated circuits. Although the diamond conditioner has regular distribution diamond grits, they differ in shape and can be oriented differently because the shape of diamond grits is generally cubo-octahedral. Therefore, the dressing behaviors on the polishing pad are unpredictable. In this work, the fundamental characteristics of dressing are investigated by a single crystal diamond with various shapes (each resulting in point-cutting, line-cutting, and face-cutting), a rake angle of-50°, and cutting faces in the (100) and (111) planes. For the purpose of analysis, plowing ratio is defined as the sum of the areas of the two side ridges divided by the groove area. This ratio can be used to evaluate the contribution of plowing and cutting actions from the dressing. Experimental results reveal that a groove with ridges on both side walls is formed as the diamond is moved over the pad. The profile of the scratch correlates with the shape of the diamond. In summary, cutting dominates when point-cutting is responsible for the dressing. On the contrary, plowing plays a major role with respect to line-cutting. The cutting action tends to dominate when the dressing is completed by face-cutting a (111) plane. Alternatively, the wear tends to be dominated by the plowing action if the dressing is conducted via face-cutting a (100) plane.
Development of Non-Destructive Inspection System for Grinding Burn - An Application of the Grinding Burn Detecting Technique to Evaluate Residual Stress
Authors: Ito Ryo , Azuma Takayuki , Kasuga Tomoyuki , Soma Shinji , Murakami Shinji , Kuriyagawa Tunemoto
Published: September 2013

This study was performed to develop a non-destructive inspection system to detect grinding burn, which is capable of quantitative 100% inspection inside a production line. An eddy current sensor, which has advantages of short inspection time and low cost, was used. It was shown that the grinding burn detection technique had been developed and is possible to detect grinding burn by using this technique, in the 1st report1) and the 2nd report2). In this report, we have attempted to apply the grinding burn detection technique to evaluate the residual stress of work piece surface. Residual stress of work piece surface is affected by both thermal and mechanical effects. It is shown that the residual stress is possibly evaluated in the case of the thermal effect is dominant.
Research on Process Parameters Influencing on Cutting Force in Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM)
Authors: Zhang Ke Hua , Ding Jin Fu , Xu Yong Chao
Published: September 2013

In order to reduce the cost, improve the surface of workpiece machined by AFM and make out reasonable technological parameters of AFM, AFM theory model has been developed in the present work. The process parameters such as pressure, piston velocity, temperature and viscosity impacting on the workpiece surface quality have been researched. Firstly, the properties parameters of abrasive media such as viscous have been figured out with formulas based on the characters of abrasive media. And then the force between abrasive near to the workpiece surface and workpiece has been modeled with fluidics equations and dynamics equations. However, different parameter value leads to different force and different force has different surface quality (Ra) of workpiece. The calculation result is similar to the experiment result to some extent. Obviously, this model is helpful to establish the reasonable process parameters.
Experimental Research on Rolling Bearing Raceway Finishing
Authors: Ge Pei Qi , Zhang Jian Long
Published: September 2013

The machining quality of rolling bearing raceway has an important impact on bearing life. In this paper, the finishing experiment equipment of rolling bearing raceway is built and the mechanical and electrochemical mechanical experiments are conducted. The impact of clearance between cathode and workpiece, the rotation speed and the abrasive grain size on electrochemical mechanical machining quality is analyzed. The surface roughness decreases from Ra0.20μm to Ra0.04μm through electrochemical mechanical machining. The surface morphology of workpiece after finishing is observed. Contrast with the surface morphology after conventional mechanical polishing, the surface after electrochemical mechanical finishing is more suitable to the bearing raceway.
A Study on the Analysis of Influential Factors for 300mm Wafer Final Polishing
Authors: Choi Woong Kirl , Lee Eun Sang , Choi Hon Jong , Kim Nam Kyung
Published: September 2013

In recent years, developments in the semiconductor and electronic industries have brought a rapid increase in the use of large size silicon. However, for many companies, it is hard to produce 400mm or 450mm wafers, because of excesive funds for exchange the equipments. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate 300mm wafer to obtain a better efficiency and a good property rate. Wafer final Polishing is one of the important methods in manufacturing of Si wafers and in thinning of completed device wafers. This research investigated the surface characteristics and optimum condition of applied pressure, polishing speed and slurry-mixed ratio to achieve the optimum condition of wafer final polishing by Taguchi method. By using optimum condition, it helps to achive an ultra precision mirror like surface.
Creep Feed Grinding of Ni-Based Superalloy with Micro-Crystalline Ceramic Alumina Wheels
Authors: Zhao Zheng Cai , Xu Jiu Hua , Fu Yu Can , Zhang Zhi Wei
Published: September 2013

This article studies the performance of ceramic grinding wheel made of micro-crystalline alumina in the creep feed grinding of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. The effects of abrasives and specific pore volume on the performance of wheels are experimentally discussed. Grinding force and temperature were measured and analyzed during grinding tests. The surface roughness was used to describe the quality of ground surfaces. The results indicate that the micro-crystalline alumina SG abrasive wheel with large specific volume has good grinding properties when grinding Inconel 718 in comparison of the wheels with PA abrasives or SG abrasives of small specific pore volume.
Analysis on Wear of Self-Sharpening Fine Super-Hard Abrasive Tool
Authors: Zhou Zhao Zhong , Feng Kai Ping , Lv Bing Hai , Fan Hong Wei , Yuan Ju Long
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the efficiency of ultra-precision processing, the self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool is presented to reduce or eliminate the surface and subsurface defects and improve the process efficiency. In the study of efficient experimental research of self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool, base on single factor experiments such as additives composition, grinding speed, grinding pressure and processing liquid. The results showed that the wear rate of the self-sharpening fine super-hard abrasive tool can reach appropriate rate when the additive concentration 30wt%, grinding pressure 45N, grinding speed 60rpm and processing liquid 1wt%.
Review on Multi-Point Method for Roundness Error Separation
Authors: Zhou Fen Fen , Lu Hui Zong , Yuan Ju Long , Li Fan
Published: September 2013

While measurement accuracy can be increased through continuously improving instrument precision, certain measurement errors can be eliminated via data processing using properly devised processing algorithms. Multi-point roundness error separation methods that are the subjects of study in this paper are reviewed, in particularly, three-point method and other multi-point methods that are based on three-point roundness error separation method, such as two-point method, mixed method and four-point method are summarized. Finally a comparison between each separation methods mentioned in this paper is made. Our views of future development trend in multi-point roundness error separation methods are presented.
A Modified Surface on Titanium Alloy by Micro-Blasting Process
Authors: Lin Yi , Huang Chiung Fang , Cheng Hsin Chung , Shen Yung Kang
Published: September 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating of hard tissue implants is widely employed for its biocompatible and osteoconductive properties as well as its improved mechanical properties. In this study, a novel micro-blasting process has been used to successfully modify a titanium alloy substrate with a HA treatment using a dopant/abrasive regime. The impact of a series of apatite abrasives, was investigated to determine the effect of abrasive particle size on the surface properties of both micro-blasting (abrasive only) and continuous (HA/abrasive) treatments. The resultant HA treated substrates were compared to substrates treated with abrasive only (micro-blasted) and an untreated Ti. The HA powder, apatite abrasives and the treated substrates were characterized for chemical composition, coating coverage, crystalline and topography. The results show that the surface roughness of the HA blasted modification was affected by the particle size of the apatite abrasives used. This study demonstrates the ability of the continuous process to deposit HA coatings with a range of surface properties onto Ti alloy substrates. The ability of the continuous technology to offer diversity in modifying surface topography offers exciting new prospects in tailoring the properties of medical devices for applications ranging from dental to orthopedic settings.
Feasibility Study on Grinding of Titanium Alloys with Electroplated CBN Wheels
Authors: Shi Zhong De , Attia Helmi
Published: September 2013

An experimental investigation is reported on the grinding of a titanium alloy using electroplated CBN wheels with water-based grinding fluid and wheel surface cleaning fluid applied at high pressures. This work was motivated by applying grinding fluid and wheel surface cleaning fluid both at high pressures for avoiding wheel loading, which is commonly seen in titanium alloy grinding. The objective is to explore the feasibility to grind titanium alloys with electroplated CBN wheels and high pressure wheel surface cleaning fluid for enhancing material removal rates. Straight surface grinding experiments were conducted on titanium alloy blocks in both shallow depth of cut and creep-feed modes. Grinding power, forces, and surface roughness were measured. Specific material removal rates of 8 mm2/s in shallow cut mode and 3 mm2/s at a depth of cut as high as 3 mm in creep-feed mode were achieved without burning and smearing of ground surfaces. It was showed that it is feasible to grind titanium alloys with electroplated CBN wheels at enhanced removal rates by applying grinding and wheel cleaning fluid at high pressures.
Influence of a Grinding Atmosphere in the Combination Grinding of Steel and WC with a Diamond Wheel
Authors: Ninomiya Shinichi , Iwai Manabu , Suzuki Kiyoshi
Published: September 2013

Grinding experiments were carried out in wet, with MQL, in dry, with a spray of dry ice particles and various gases to examine influence of grinding atmospheres on the grinding performance in the combination surface grinding of steel and WC with a diamond wheel. From the experimental results, it was found that the grinding with inert gas injection which reduces an oxygen concentration at the grinding point would proceed a processing at more stable grinding force, resulting in less wear of the diamond abrasives.
Microstructure Analysis for Emulsified Asphalt Cement Concrete
Authors: Fu Jun , Shi Zhi Meng , Dai Da Rong , Huang Jia Biao
Published: September 2013

A digital processing method based on the binary image in the Bayesian subspace and geometry vectorization algorithms is proposed to extract on the image of a cross-section of material interface. The actual microstructure image of emulsified asphalt cement concrete interface is processed and obtained as an example by application software based on the digital processing method, then the two-dimensional microstructure image is transferred into vectorization graphics CAD file.
A Novel Key Management Strategy for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Yu Quan
Published: September 2013

A key management strategy is presented for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. The wireless sensor networks have some sensor nodes which have greater power and transmission capability than other nodes have. Both ordinary nodes and heterogeneous nodes are evenly distributed in sensing square area respectively. The pairwise keys between nodes are established through utilizing the concept of the overlap key sharing and the random key predistribution scheme. Analysis and comparison demonstrate that the connectivity and security of wireless sensor networks have been improved obviously even with some heterogeneous nodes.