bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between sulcus-implanted three-piece hydrophobic intraocular lens and bagal-implanted single-piece intraocular lens in combined diabetic phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Shousha Mohsen Abou , Said Mohamed H.
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. In advanced stages of DR, vitreoretinal surgery frequently becomes necessary to preserve or restore vision. Patients with vitreoretinal diseases often present with preexisting lens opacification. In addition, cataract formation is a common complication of pars plana vitrectomy. Thus, combining vitrectomy with cataract removal has recently become a common practice. Still, limited studies exist on the efficacy of placing the intraocular lens (IOL) in the ciliary sulcus and its potential to reduce the complications associated with the IOL implanted in the bag.

Objective

The current study aimed to compare the sulcus-implanted three-piece hydrophobic IOL and the bagal-implanted single-piece hydrophobic IOL in combined diabetic phacoemulsification with pars plana vitrectomy in diabetic eyes.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective interventional comparative study of the eyes for which phaco-vitrectomy was performed for the complications of DR. The eyes were equally randomized according to the indication for surgery and the severity of the disease into two groups, group 1: phaco-vitrectomy with hydrophobic acrylic three-piece sulcus IOL (60 eyes of 35 patients) and group 2: phaco-vitrectomy with hydrophobic acrylic one-piece in the bag IOL (57 eyes of 38 patients). We excluded eyes with other concomitant pathologies. All study participants were evaluated by visual acuity assessment, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, optical or ultrasound biometry, and optical coherence tomography. The cases were followed up for 3 months or more postoperatively.

Results

The study included 117 eyes of 73 patients, of whom 58.9% were females with a mean age of 47.71±15.37 years. The two groups were comparable in terms of preoperative assessment. Compared to group 2, group 1 was associated with significantly better mean best-corrected visual acuity (0.4 vs. 0.6 LogMAR, P<0.001) and lower mean IOP (19.0 vs. 23.6 mmHg, P<0.001). Regarding the postoperative complications, group 1 had significantly lower rates of posterior synechia at a single site than group 2 (3.3 vs. 24.6%, respectively, P=0.002) and posterior synechia at more than a single site (0 vs. 14%, respectively, P=0.008). Ring synechia was observed in four cases, all of whom were in group 2 (7%, P=0.11). Given the safer and better outcome of group 1, this group was less commonly prescribed antiglaucoma drugs, and none of them required iridotomy (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The three-piece sulcus IOL proved to be superior over the single-piece IOL in the capsular bag technique in terms of visual acuity, IOP, improved visual outcome, and fewer postoperative complications.
Structural and vascular density affection of macular and peripapillary areas in patients having multiple sclerosis versus neuromyelitis optica with previous optic neuritis
Authors: Hassan Fatma K.A. , Sharawy Mai , Kishk Nirmeen , Saeed Hatem , Elnahry Ayman G.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the peripapillary and macular vascular density changes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) patients to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with previous history of optic neuritis and to correlate the loss in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell complex (GCC) with the vascular density.

Patients and methods

This observational cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out on 25 patients divided into two equal groups of eyes (20 eyes of 13 MS patients and 20 eyes of 12 NMOSD patients), aged 18–50 years of both sexes and 11 age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals as a control group. The patients were evaluated by history taking, neurological examination, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity, Goldmann applanation tonometry (adjusted for central corneal thickness), and slit-lamp biomicroscopy, followed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results

The NMOSD patients were significantly older, with lower Symbol Digit Modalities Test score, more prevalence of temporal disc pallor, larger foveal avascular zone, and with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale compared to the MS patients and the control group (P<0.05). In the deep vascular plexus, the foveal density and the central macular thickness were significantly less in the NMOSD patients (P<0.05), while in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), the whole image density, foveal density, parafoveal density, parafoveal superior hemi, parafoveal inferior hemi, and perifoveal density were significantly less in the NMOSD patients (P<0.05). In addition, in the radial peripapillary capillary density (RPCD %), the whole image, total peripapillary, peripapillary superior hemi, and peripapillary inferior hemi were significantly less in the NMOSD patients (P<0.05). The average, superior, and inferior RNFL and GCC were significantly thinner in the NMOSD patients compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). In the MS group, there were strong positive correlations between the RNFL thickness and the choriocapillaris flow area, most of the SVP density, and the RPCD parameters, and between the GCC thickness and most of the SVP density parameters and the whole image of RPCD %, while in the NMOSD group, the best-corrected visual acuity was correlated with duration, number of eye attacks, central macular thickness of the deep vascular plexus, most of the RPCD %, all RNFL and GCC parameters.

Conclusion

Subclinical primary retinal vasculopathy was detected more frequently in the NMOSD than in the MS disease. It has an essential impact on this disease and the Expanded Disability Status Scale may be a useful adjunct for differentiation between NMOSD and MS individuals who developed previous optic neuritis.
Subthreshold micropulse green laser versus yellow laser in the treatment for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Zeinalabdeen Mohamad G. , El Rayes Ehab , Genaidy Mahmoud , Khattab Ayman , Abdullatif Abdussalam M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of the subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (SMYL) (577 nm wavelength) to the subthreshold micropulse green laser (SMGL) (532 nm wavelength) as a therapeutic option in the treatment of serous retinal detachment secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Patients and methods

This is a clinical interventional comparative prospective study that included 40 eyes of 40 patients with chronic CSCR for more than 3 months with neurosensory serous detachment. The eyes were equally randomized to either SMYL or SMGL (20 eyes in each group). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal optical coherence tomography were assessed during the study’s 6-month follow-up period.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline patient characteristics. There was a remarkable anatomical [80% had resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF)] and functional success (80% had improvement in BCVA) in the treated eyes. The maximal retinal height in the SRF-containing area improved significantly from 399±120 to 249±45 µm (P=0.000) and from 473±129 to 247±32 µm (P=0.000) at the final follow-up in the yellow and green laser groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.061). The BCVA improved significantly from 0.37±0.19 to 0.74±0.33 (P=0.000) and from 0.48±0.32 to 0.83±0.19 (P=0.000) in the yellow and green laser groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.824).

Conclusion

Both SMYL and SMGL modalities worked equivalently and achieved the same percentage of resolution of SRF and improvement of BCVA in chronic CSCR.
Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in hypertensive patients
Authors: El Sheikh Khaled A. , El-Koumy Hamdy A. , Wasfy Tamer , Nawar Amin E.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study was designed to assess the macular retinal and choroidal microvascular abnormalities in hypertensive patients with hypertensive retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Patients and methods

This is a prospective cross-sectional study that was conducted on 60 eyes of 60 hypertensive patients diagnosed with hypertensive retinopathy and 20 eyes of 20 normal healthy controls. Swept source optical coherence tomography was performed to assess the retinal and choroidal thickness in the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal areas in the different quadrants. In addition, swept source optical coherence tomography angiography was performed to assess the foveal avascular zone in the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus levels using 3×3 mm scan, and to assess the vascular density index in the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus, along with choriocapillaris levels using 3×3 mm and 6×6 mm scans.

Results

The hypertensive patients showed statistically significantly lower choroid thickness and volume compared to the control group in all quadrants (P<0.001). A significant enlargement of the foveal avascular zone was observed in hypertensive group in the superficial and deep retinal plexus levels (P<0.001). The vascular density index in all retinal layers (superficial, deep retinal capillary plexus, and choriocapillaris levels) was significantly lower in the hypertensive group compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Lower vascular perfusion was detected in the hypertensive patients in the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus levels, along with the choriocapillaris level.
Assessing the Lifestyle-related Determinants among Employees Working in the IT Sector of Pune City
Authors: Mahajan Anu , Desai Ishwa Prerak , Muley Arti
Published: January 2025

Background:

The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Indian IT professionals is concerning due to prolonged sitting, sedentary work hours, irregular sleep, limited diet variety, excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, and heightened stress. This study aimed to assess lifestyle determinants in the IT population to predict future NCD risks.

Methods and Materials:

A cross-sectional study with 208 participants aged 21-60 years was conducted in Pune. Ethical approval and consent were obtained. Data from various IT sectors used a modified questionnaire incorporating Perceived Stress and IPAQ scales and inquiries on sleep patterns, BMI, ultra-processed food consumption, and substance use.

Results:

The participants had a mean age of 31.30 ± 6.26 years with a gender ratio of 1.63:1. The mean BMI was 24.41 ± 3.87 kg/m2, 31.3% were overweight, and 9.6% were obese. Before sleep, 89.5% engaged with electronic devices. The majority of participants experience stress, with 63.5% reported moderate stress and 3.4% high stress. Only 6.7% were physically active, and 56.3% were inactive. Gender showed no significant correlation with stress levels, consumption of ultra-processed foods, and Body Mass Index (BMI) study components. Participants were found to be actively engaged in substance abuse, with 15.4% smoking 6-10 cigarettes daily and about 20.2% consuming alcohol twice a week.

Conclusion:

Because of their lifestyle, this population will be at a high risk of major chronic NCDs and should be targeted for an early intervention program. It’s essential to prioritize preventive actions like adopting a more active lifestyle, implementing stress management techniques, and embracing healthier dietary choices to safeguard the well-being of individuals in this demographic.
Nutritional Status of Under-5 Children in Migrant Laborer Settlements of Ernakulam District, Kerala, Southern India – A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Ambika Renjini B. , George Sobha , Olickal Jeby Jose , Manuel Akhil X. , Suseela Rakesh P.
Published: January 2025

Background:

To assess the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in migrant laborer settlements and their utilization of Integrated Child Development Scheme services in Ernakulam district, Kerala.

Material and Methods:

A mixed method study includes a community-based cross-sectional survey among 165 migrant under-5 children selected through a multistage cluster sampling method and 16 In-Depth Interviews among various stakeholders.

Results:

Of the children studied, 46% were stunted, 26% were wasted, and 12% had severe wasting. About 72% were aware of the nearest Anganwadi, and 49% and 42% of the eligible children received nutritional supplementation and availed the growth monitoring facilities, respectively. Major barriers to utilizing Anganawadi services were language barrier, inconvenient hours of operation, a lack of nutritional supplementation based on their taste, fear of discrimination from the parents of native children, and frequent family displacements.

Conclusions:

Nutritional status of migrant under-5 children is a concern and requires urgent attention.
Trends and Patterns of Road Traffic Accidents in Maharashtra: A Comparative Examination of NCRB and MEMS Databases
Authors: Jena Biranchi Narayan , Shelke Dnyaneshwar , Shrivastava Shoma
Published: January 2025

Background:

The emergence of high incidence of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) has contributed to the burden of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) both in terms of mortality and morbidity. It is very important to have a structured and accurate database for strategizing road safety and associated public health benefits. There are multiple sources of data available for the research of road traffic accidents and road safety. It is utmost necessary to identify the most appropriate data source for RTA research.

Materials and Methods:

The current study is based on five years’ time series data (2017 to 2021) from two data sources namely National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) and Maharashtra Emergency Medical Services (MEMS). Injury rate and death rate was used along with the trend analysis to define the trend of RTA. Corelation coefficient was used for establishing the patterns of reporting of RTA in the state of Maharashtra. The data is analysed by using MS Excel and SPSS16.0.

Results:

Both the databases exhibit a declining trend in the reporting of RTA in the state of Maharashtra with a CAGR of -1.99% in NCRB and -13.77% in MEMS. Although the number of incidents reported in NCRB is around 40% less than MEMS, both the sources have almost the same number of victims per accident (r= 84%). Injury rate reported in NCRB is around 40% less than the MEMS data and the variation in injury rate in cities is high as per NCRB data than in MEMS data. MEMS data provides a number of information including the severity of injury which may be useful for the analysis and insight generation.

Conclusion:

Both the databases are important in providing crucial information for generating insight and strategies for road safety. A central database in combining both the database would be ideal for the researchers in the areas of injury and road safety. MEMS was the better source in terms of amount of information for epidemiological research in road safety.
Ectopic lacrimal gland combined with cyst in the nasal conjunctiva
Authors: Li Zhaole , Lv Wenjuan , Chen Wenxia , Li Zeyi
Published: January 2025

A 43-year-old female presented with a tumor in the nasal bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye that had been present for 3 years. A yellowish tumor measuring approximately 7 × 5 mm was observed. It was solidly elevated, bumpy, well-defined, and exhibited angiogenesis. Below the tumor, there was a translucent, thin-walled cyst. Both lesions were removed by microscopic surgical excision. Pathological diagnosis: The hyperplastic lacrimal gland of the conjunctiva exhibited focal duct papillary hyperplasia. The cyst wall consisted of a bilayer columnar epithelial cells. The features of the conjunctival ectopic lacrimal gland differed from those of the normal lacrimal gland. Furthermore, the ectopic lacrimal contained an excretory duct that formed a cyst. The combination of an ectopic lacrimal gland and a lacrimal ductal cyst in the nasal conjunctiva is rare. Pathological diagnosis is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Gone through a rough patch: Fixing a large overhanging intercalary staphyloma in lepromatous leprosy
Authors: Kelgaonkar Anup , Jadhav Vishal , Chavan Kasturi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Lepromatous scleritis is usually a recurrent entity, rarely leading to structural complications like outpouching of uveal tissue through a hanging intercalary staphyloma. The scleral deroofing procedure and tectonic patch graft under anti-leprosy drugs may be an effective treatment alternative.

Purpose:

To describe surgical management of a large intercalary staphyloma in an inadequately treated systemic Hansen’s disease.

Synopsis:

A 55-year-old male with treatment naïve leprosy for 10 years presented with sclerouveitis. He was started on anti-leprosy treatment with oral steroids, leading to the resolution of scleral inflammation. He discontinued medications a month later and was lost to follow up for 8 months when he presented with scleritis and intercalary staphyloma. Under cover of topical steroids, cycloplegia, and restarting anti-leprosy drugs, the patient underwent scleral deroofing with a scleral patch graft procedure. An overhanging intercalary staphyloma was dealt with by excising the overlying conjunctiva and anomalous scleral complex. Double freeze-thaw cryotherapy for minimizing bleeding during the excision maneuver was used. The scleral defect was approximated with double breasting of tissue with ragged edges using absorbable 7–0 polyglactin sutures. An additional overlying scleral patch graft of size 5 × 4 mm was sutured to the sclera to maintain tectonic integrity of the globe. A bandage contact lens over the cornea and adjacent limbus was placed. During subsequent visits, the scleral patch graft was intact and well-integrated along with a formed anterior chamber.

Highlights:

1. Inadequately treated leprosy can present with vision-hampering, overhanging intercalary staphylomas, a complication of scleritis. 2. Systemic management of leprosy is the cornerstone of therapy; however, surgical correction of such lesions may be required. 3. An overhanging intercalary staphyloma can be managed by excision of anomalous sclera with scleral patch grafts to offer tectonic support.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/BCiuSYJ2uVU
Hyperglycemia induced bilateral acute attack of angle closure in a young patient
Authors: Shah Paraali , Sasidharan Ajita , Thulasidas Mithun
Published: January 2025

An acute attack of angle closure is infrequent in young individuals, and the etiologies are different from those seen in adults. Hyperglycemia, in the setting of uncontrolled diabetes, can precipitate an acute attack of angle closure due to increased lens thickness. We report a case of hyperglycemia-induced acute angle-closure attack in an 18-years old female, which was successfully managed with laser peripheral iridotomy.
Enhanced S-cone syndrome or gyrate atrophy – A diagnostic dilemma spanning two decades
Authors: Nag Adwaita , Garima  , Bhende Muna
Published: January 2025

A young girl with enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) and raised serum ornithine was diagnosed as gyrate atrophy (GA) for 2 decades. She had presented with nyctalopia. Clinical examination revealed bilateral, symmetrical scalloped chorioretinal atrophy (CRA), reduced photopic and scotopic responses on electroretinography (ERG), and high-normal serum ornithine, leading to a diagnosis of GA. Although ornithine was consistently high in adulthood, atypical features like persistent peripheral retinal sparing and noncoalescence of CRA patches led to a reconsideration of diagnosis at 27 years of age. ERG was pathognomonic, and genetic testing revealed an NRL mutation, confirming the diagnosis of ESCS. The patient followed a paleolithic diet in adulthood, which possibly contributed to the high ornithine; diet discontinuation lowered the ornithine levels to high-normal. We present a rare case of NRL mutation-associated ESCS, along with the unusual feature of raised serum ornithine, highlighting the phenotypic variability of inherited retinal dystrophies.
Successful management of bilateral spontaneous delayed rotation of toric phakic intraocular lens
Authors: Tripathi Manasi , Kaur Manpreet , Gupta Ashi , Titiyal Jeewan S
Published: January 2025

A young male in 20s underwent bilateral toric implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. The patient presented with diminution of vision in the right eye on postoperative day (POD) 7. On examination, a spontaneous ICL rotation of 90 degrees was observed, with vault of 677 microns. Re-alignment of ICL was performed; however, the ICL again spontaneously rotated 20 degrees clockwise after re-alignment. Right eye ICL exchange with one size larger lens was planned. On POD 1 after ICL exchange, the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/20, with the toric ICL precisely aligned along the target axis and vault of 744 microns. At 6 weeks, the patient presented with similar complaints in the fellow eye with spontaneous ICL rotation of 90 degrees, which also required an ICL exchange with one size larger lens. At 3 months after exchange, bilateral ICL were stable, well aligned along the target axis with UDVA of 20/20 OU and optimal vault.
Enigma of peri ocular swelling – An unusual manifestation of Loa loa parasite
Authors: Lokhandwala Fatema , Singh Tanushree , Ramakrishnan Reshma , Verma Simran
Published: January 2025

We report a case of a 50-year-old female from Navi Mumbai who presented with complaints of cystic swelling near the medial canthus of the right eye for 6 months. The ocular examination was within normal limits, and the lacrimal sac was patent. An ultrasound revealed a live mobile worm for which an excision biopsy was performed, and histopathological evaluation confirmed the Loa loa parasite. An increasing number of cases have been reported in the non-endemic regions with no history of travel to endemic zones which could signify microfilariae load in vector species in non-endemic areas of India.
Fractionated external beam radiation therapy for refractory diffuse choroidal hemangioma
Authors: Narang Subina , Kansal Mahima , Tuli Laxmi , Khosla Divya
Published: January 2025

We report a case of a young male with Sturge–Weber syndrome presenting with bilateral diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH) and left eye exudative retinal detachment (ERD). Plaque brachytherapy was done for the left eye; 1 week later, the right eye vision dropped due to ERD, for which external fluid drainage was attempted, but failed. Treatment with oral propranolol followed by photodynamic therapy with verteporfin was given for the right eye. After a brief period of resolution, recurrence was noted. Then, the eye was subjected to fractionated external beam radiotherapy, which turned out to be an effective treatment in such a refractory case, preserving vision with no recurrence on follow-up.
CMV retinitis as initial manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a 22-year-old female
Authors: Dutta Majumder Parthopratim , Kene Rakshita D , Parikh Vatsal , Shroff Saurin
Published: January 2025

A 22-year-old female with a history of dengue fever and pyoderma gangrenosum presented with diminished vision in her left eye. Fundus examination revealed lesions consistent with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and received intravitreal ganciclovir injection. Initial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CMV from aqueous aspirate was negative, but a repeat test confirmed the CMV genome. A PET scan identified hypermetabolic lymph nodes, leading to a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Despite ongoing ganciclovir prophylaxis, she developed a new retinitis patch in the right eye during chemotherapy, treated by ganciclovir injection. This case highlights the utility of PET scans in investigating immunosuppression causes in CMV retinitis.
Asymptomatic internal carotid artery aneurysm unmasked: A case report
Authors: Sundaresan Sharmila , Rajeshwari A. , Elangovan Suma , Chelliah Ramya
Published: January 2025

Intracranial aneurysm, if identified early, can be lifesaving. We report a unique case of an asymptomatic large internal carotid artery aneurysm measuring 17 mm × 15 mm, diagnosed during routine ophthalmic evaluation when the patient came for a chalazion workup and was referred for further intervention.
To Estimate the Role of Fetal Umbilical Artery, Middle Cerebral Artery Pulsatality Index and Their Ratio in Predicting Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Foetuses with Growth Restriction: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Mhaske Nilesh , Sood Sandeep , Kaur Navpreet , Chakravarty Rony
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To estimate the role of fetal umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatality index (PI) and their ratio in predicting adverse perinatal outcome in foetuses with growth restriction (FGR).

Methodology:

It is a prospective observational pilot study done at a tertiary care hospital among the study population of singleton pregnancies between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation that were diagnosed with FGR by USG (estimated fetal weight <10th centile, abdominal circumference <10th centile). The correlation of fetal color Doppler assessment using UA PI, MCA PI, and MCA:UA PI and the adverse perinatal outcome in terms of preterm/term delivery or emergency cesarean delivery for fetal indication, low birth weight, APGAR <7 at 1 or 5 min, neonatal intensive care unit stay >24 h, and perinatal death were studied prospectively. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data was expressed and cross tables were generated to compare the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of MCA PI, UA PI, and MCA:UA PI and any one adverse perinatal outcome if present or absent.

Results:

A total of 30 pregnancies were studied prospectively from April 2018 to April 2019. The UA, MCA Doppler PI, and MCA:UA PI have a sensitivity and specificity of 90%, 90%, and 95% and 55%, 67%, and 77%, respectively, for adverse perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion:

In the detection of FGR, best results are obtained when we use MCA:UA PI ratio, which is more sensitive and specific in detecting adverse perinatal outcomes, especially in later weeks of gestation from 31 to 36 weeks rather than UA PI or middle cerebral artery PI alone.
Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Performance of Three Different Inlays Based on Fabrication: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Kalpana MS , Thakur Sophia , Paulaian Benin , Meyappan Nagammai , Priya T Shunmuga , Santhoshi S
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Context:

Novelty in today’s dental practice aims at superiority in aesthetics. Dental practitioners address patient anxiety about retaining teeth while maintaining aesthetic appeal. The debate revolves around the best approach to meet their aesthetic and functional needs, leading to the development of various inlay techniques. Choosing between laboratory-processed composite resins and metal-free ceramic restorations has become increasingly complex. Laboratory-processed composites offer similar aesthetics and physical properties to dental ceramics, but ceramic restorations tend to adapt better to cavity preparation.

Aims:

This study aimed to compare clinical performance, post-operative sensitivity, marginal discrepancy, interfacial staining, and secondary caries between direct composite inlays, indirect composite inlays, and ceramic inlays, with the null hypothesis being no significant difference.

Methods and Material:

The study involved 30 patients aged 18-45 from Bapuji Dental College and Hospital in Karnataka who underwent composite inlays for their posterior teeth. The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the study was approved by the Ethical Committee. Post-operative pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.

Results:

Satisfactory results were observed throughout the evaluation, with statistically no significant differences between them but with a more assured performance of the ceramic inlay group and acceptable presentation of the indirect composite inlay group.

Conclusions:

Posterior tooth-coloured inlays provide acceptable outcomes, making them reliable candidates for clinical use, and ceramic inlays exhibit better performance rates.
Comparative Analysis of Color Stability among 3D-Printed Resin-Based, CAD/CAM, and Conventional Interim Fixed Prosthodontic Materials
Authors: Alshamrani Shahad Abdulrahman , Alobaid Bushra Fahad , Alharkan Hamad Mohammad
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aims to assess and compare the color stability of 3D-printed, computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-milled, and conventional materials used in interim dental restorations.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-four disc-shaped specimens (10 mm diameter, 1.5 mm thickness) were fabricated from four types of interim materials: autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), bis-acryl composite resin, CAD-CAM PMMA resin, and 3D-printed provisional resin. Each group of polished specimens was divided into four subgroups (n = 4) and immersed in different staining solutions (distilled water, cola, coffee, and tea) at 37°C and 100% humidity without light exposure for 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days. Color changes were measured using a calibrated clinical spectrophotometer.

Results:

The type of material, staining solution, immersion period, and their interactions significantly influenced color stability (P < 0.001). Bis-acryl and 3D-printed materials exhibited the most discoloration, with coffee and tea causing the highest color changes. CAD-CAM-milled and PMMA materials demonstrated superior color stability, particularly in water and cola.

Conclusion:

Bis-acryl and 3D-printed materials showed significant and clinically unacceptable color changes, while CAD-CAM-milled and PMMA materials maintained color stability within clinically acceptable limits (ΔE ≈ 3.3). CAD-CAM and PMMA are preferred for interim restorations where color stability is critical.
TNF-α, An Inflammatory Path, Rerouted Through Alternate Medicinal Channels
Authors: Shanker Shyam Sundar , Kumar Krishna Santosh , Hussain Sharmila , Hariharan Annapoorni , Ramasamy Tamizhselvi
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study emphasizes the efficacy of triphala as a therapeutic agent over inflammatory condition in hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) mediated inflammatory path in the presence of titanium (Ti) discs.

Materials and method:

In the presence of triphala extracts, lipopolysaccharidetreated macrophages showed reduction in production of inflammatory mediators and intercellular free radicals (ROS) and downregulation of mRNA in TNF.

Results:

Thus in the presence of propargylglycine, reduction of TNFα by triphala in the H2 S inhibited group showed that the mechanism of action of triphala can be through the H2 S pathway
Successful Endo-Surgical Management of Radicular Cyst – A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Jaha Haytham
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The most frequent cystic lesions affecting the jaws are radicular cysts, which present radiographically as an oval or pear-shaped unilocular radiolucency in the periapical region. Radicular cysts are usually asymptomatic. This case study describes the surgical treatment of a radicular cyst involving two maxillary anterior teeth. The diagnosis of radicular cyst was confirmed through a clinical and radiographic evaluation. An apicoectomy was performed, and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was placed as the apical barrier. This case report illustrates the effective surgical management of an extensive infected radicular cyst.
Administration of Antibiotics for Root Canal Treatment – A Questionnaire Based Survey Amongst Dentists
Authors: Geethapriya Nagarajan , Venkatesh Alagarsamy , Shobana Shekar , Mary Gold Pearlin , Sarathy S Sarath , Shobhana Ramu
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aims to assess the use of antibiotics among dentists in performing endodontic procedures.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a pretested, structured, and validated questionnaire approved by the institutional ethics committee. It included questions on demographics, choice, frequency, and duration of antibiotics use in endodontic practice. The survey link was distributed electronically. Results were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

Only 6.5% of them reported that root canal treatment does not require an antibiotic regime. Clinical years of experience do not have any significant impact on antibiotic prescribing practices among dentists.

Conclusion:

The survey reveals issues with the inadvertent use of antibiotics, including their types and frequency, and highlights gaps in theoretical knowledge and antibiotic-prescribing practices among general dentists.
POST-COVID SYNDROME – A Psychosomatic Burden for the Rima Oris. An Original Research
Authors: Bhambal Annette M. , Raj Aparna , Kumarasamy Baskaran , Choudhary Palak , Katiyar Rachna , Manikandan Saranya
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Long COVID syndrome (LCS) is increasingly being recognized as a new clinical entity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms persisting for more than three weeks after the diagnosis of COVID-19 characterize LCS. Incidence of it ranges from 10% to 35%. We conducted this study via digital platform, to evaluate the psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity associated with LCS.

Aim and Objectives:

To assess the association of long COVID syndrome with oral psychosomatic disorders and to identify patients with long-COVID symptoms, Prevalence of psychosocial impact on the population and to do Comparative analysis among male and female.

Materials and methods:

In this study a Pan-India survey was conducted in which a questionnaire was prepared on Google platform and shared online to participants who had suffered from SARS-CoV-2. Data was collected on a four phase record and statistical analysis was done. Comparisons of proportions between male and female were carried out with Chi square (χ²) test.

Results:

Results showed females being more affected mentally and psychologically. Males were affected by oro-pharyngeal problems. Majority of participants in the survey were not absolutely healthy after acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion:

LCS is a multisystem disorder. There’s a lack of knowledge in literature in the association of oral lesions with psychosomatic disorders in such individuals. The oral specialist can help diagnose such patients and help plan their lifestyle modification. Further research is required to formulate a standard classification for Long COVID Syndrome which will be help plan a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.
An Analysis of 20 Cases of Parasagittal and Falcine Meningioma: Our Institutional Experience
Authors: Sakthisrinivasan Boopalan , Veerapandian Rajamani , Manimaran Ramiah
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Parasagittal and falcine meningiomas pose significant challenges to surgical removal due to their close proximity to the superior sagittal sinus and venous structures, posing high complications. The study evaluated the effectiveness of a microsurgical approach in reducing complication rates and achieving good tumor control in parasagittal and falcine meningiomas. A study involving 20 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas underwent surgery at Madurai Medical College between January 2023 and December 2023. Preoperative imaging and meticulous planning were used to preserve critical venous structures and maximize safe tumor resection. Outcomes were assessed on complete resection rates, postoperative complications, and overall survival. Complete resection was achieved in 75% of cases, with a postoperative morbidity rate of 25%. Patients with tumors involving the middle third of the superior sagittal sinus faced higher risks of postoperative complications, emphasizing the importance of precise surgical navigation. The study found that a microsurgical approach, coupled with comprehensive preoperative assessment, significantly improved patient outcomes, reducing complications and enhancing survival rates. The study emphasizes the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, emphasizing the need for advanced imaging techniques and microsurgical planning.
Unlocking the Therapeutic Benefits of Artemisia Annua: A Comprehensive Overview of its Medicinal Properties
Authors: Swamikannu Bhuminathan , Umapathy Vidhya Rekha , Natarajan Prabhu M. , Nandini MS , Queency Stylin Anin G. S. , Vimalarani V , Rajinikanth Suba
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Artemisia annua L., also referred to as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort, and annual wormwood (Chinese: qngho), is a species of wormwood native to temperate Asia but naturalised worldwide. It is a member of the Asteraceae family. At the moment, Artemisia annua is the sources of artemisinin and semisynthetic artemisinin derivatives (including dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, artemether, and arteether) used in the development of malaria combination treatments (ACTs = Artemisinin-based combination therapy). Animal experiments have shown that similar chemicals can prevent tumor development and metastasis. Furthermore, there is no conclusive proof from human trials that the benefits seen in animal research extend to cancer patients. Experiences with malaria treatment indicate that artemisinin-based medicines are generally well-tolerated. This study highlights A. annua’s traditional use and contemporary pharmacological research, bringing unique insights into the usage of A. annua in the treating a wide range of ailments.
Langerhans Histiocytosis Mimicking Aggressive Periodontitis in Adult: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sreekumar Rinku , Daryani Deepak , Jaykrishnan Jijin Mekkadath
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), also known as histiocytosis X, is a rare condition characterized by neoplastic proliferation of histiocytes and other inflammatory cells leading to the accumulation and pathological dissemination of histiocytes and destruction of hard and soft tissues. It is clinically manifested as gingival enlargement, oral ulcers, and mobility of teeth, along with nonspecific radiographic features, making the diagnosis difficult for oral physicians. LCH has been reported to occur in children of 1 to 4 years, mostly in males. In adults, the incidence rate is 1–2 cases per million. We report here a rare case of LCH in a 23-year-old female patient with signs and symptoms of aggressive periodontitis that was not responding to conventional therapy, and eventually further investigations using immunohistochemistry led to the diagnosis of LCH.
Antibacterial Activity, Antiadherence Activity, Antioxidant Activity, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Arab Rose (Rosa Damascena) Extract on Periodontopathic Bacteria: Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans - An In vitro Study
Authors: Peeran Syed Wali , Murugan Manohar , Fageeh Hytham , Ibraheem Wael , Fageeh Hammam Ibrahim , Basheer Syed Nahid
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Rosa damascena extracts were prepared, and their antibacterial and antibiofilm assays were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). The aim was to determine whether the extracts could restrict the growth of these dental pathogens and to investigate the molecular docking between the myricetin of flower extracts and virulence proteins of dental pathogens.

Materials and Method:

The antibacterial activity of ethanol and methanol extracts of Rosa damascena was determined using the standard agar well diffusion method. Among them, methanol extracts showed more activity against dental pathogens. Methanol extracts (300 and 400 μg/mL) showed inhibitory zones of about 13.3 ± 1.05 mm and 16.3 ± 1.05 mm against Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans showed inhibitory zones of about 13.9 ± 0.57 and 15.3 ± 1.05 mm.

Result:

Minimum inhibitory concentration studies revealed that 400 μg/mL of methanol extracts inhibited the turbid growth in the broth tubes. Antiadherence test results showed that Rosa damascena extracts reduced the number of organisms adhering to the glass specimens against the test cultures significantly. The molecular docking report revealed −2.53 kcal/mol of binding energy between myricetin and mfa1 of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Myricetin and target protein, cdtA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans revealed a binding energy of −3.46 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:

These findings conclude that Rosa damascena extracts can be considered an additive in natural antidental biofilm oral health products.
Prevention of Oral Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide
Authors: Natarajan Prabhu M. , Swamikannu Bhuminathan , Sivaraman Nandini M. , Stylin Anin G S Queency
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Oral cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with high mortality rates largely due to late-stage diagnosis. Prevention strategies are crucial for reducing the incidence and improving outcomes. Key preventive measures include public education on risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Promoting regular dental checkups and early detection through screening programs can significantly reduce the risk of advanced disease. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and the reduction of sun exposure to the lips, are essential preventive strategies. Public health policies focusing on reducing tobacco and alcohol use, along with HPV vaccination programs, further bolster efforts to prevent oral cancer. Future research should focus on the development of noninvasive screening tools and the identification of genetic markers for high-risk populations.
Knowledge, Implementation, and Perceived Barriers to Eco-friendly Dental Practice among Dental Practitioners in Puducherry
Authors: Sanguida Adimoulame , Niranchana Radhakrishnan Sri , Shabnam Nazir Khan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Implementation of eco-friendly, sustainable dental practices among dental practitioners will reduce the environmental hazards being contributed by the health sector. However, the concept is not completely understood, and dentists lack adequate knowledge.

Objectives:

To assess the knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers to eco-friendly dental practices among dental practitioners in and around Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:

In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we collected data from 124 dental practitioners in and around Pondicherry. Data regarding knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers to eco-friendly dental practices was collected using a questionnaire comprising three sections. Data were tabulated as frequency distribution.

Results:

Although 82.3% of the participants were aware of the damage caused by dental practices to the environment, they (52.4%) were not aware of the concept of eco-friendly dental practices. There was a high level of positive enthusiasm among the participants (94.4%) to implement eco-friendly dental practices in the future; 43.5% of them identified more than three possible factors that they consider to be a hindrance to its implementation.
Use of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist among Surgeons in Tamil Nadu and Its Impact in a Surgical Unit
Authors: Dhinahar Bryan J. D. , Sundararaj Dhinahar , Sundararaj Theogaraj , Dhinahar Cynthia , Arnold Joseph , Shivashankara Ashok K.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Surgery is risky and typically has unnecessary consequences. Globally accepted WHO Surgical Safety Checklists ensure safety standards are followed to reduce these hazards. To improve safety and eliminate perioperative complications, India updated the version. These 234 million yearly operations make this technology essential for improving surgical safety and reducing complications and death. It is being tested in orthopedic, thoracic, and neurosurgery to improve safety culture and compliance.

Aim and Objectives:

This study assess the use and influence of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist among surgeons in the surgical unit of Tamil Nadu.

Method:

A single-centre research was conducted on 200 surgeons from Tamil Nadu, India from diverse specialities examined safety culture perceptions after using the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist. The Ethics Committee-approved survey scored responders’ comprehension and compliance. The research assessed operating theater personnel safety culture perceptions and the quality of surgical procedure with respect to its outcome and safety, after implementing the checklist at crucial surgical periods. After the data collection, required analysis was conducted and results were interpreted.

Result:

The research contrasts treatment and control groups in a Tamil Nadu hospital to assess the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist’s effects on surgery. No significant variations in occupation, patient contact, or working hours were found by gender. Orthopaedic, thoracic, and neurological operations have different checklist compliance rates. Diverse viewpoints on safety culture, checklist efficacy, and simplicity of use suggest operating room communication and cooperation improvements.

Conclusion:

WHO surgical safety checklist is feasible and beneficial in surgeries and also have positive impact on the personnels involved in surgery.
The Management of OSMF using the Buccal Fat Pad with Collagen Membrane in Fibrotomy Defects
Authors: Dubey Vertika , Khokhar Pooja , Savita Anjali , Thomas Shaji , Raghuwanshi Indrajeet
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Owing to limitations of various flap procedures for the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), we tried to evaluate the outcome of the buccal fat pad (BFP) with collagen membrane as an alternative.

Materials and methods:

We performed the aforementioned technique on eight patients diagnosed with OSF who underwent management using the BFP with a collagen membrane.

Results:

We observed a significant mean gain in mouth opening of 5.29 ± 2.11 mm and a significant reduction in pain levels by 2.62 ± 1.05. No complication and recurrence were observed till fourmonth followup.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the BFP with a collagen membrane could be a viable alternative to other surgical procedures. However, our data should extrapolate with larger studies with longer followup.
Effect of Preheating on the Color Stability of Two Different Commercially Available Nanohybrid Dental Composites: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Matani Priya , Sadawarte Bhargav , Deshpande Indrajeet , Sarkate Priyadarshani , Deshpande Sharvaree , Das Suroopa
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Color stability is one of the important criteria for the selection of composite during its service. Preheating of composite is performed to improve its handling characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of preheating in two nanohybrid composite resins.

Material and Methods:

Sixty disk samples were prepared and divided into 2 main groups according to the temperature of preparation (n = 30). Both the groups were subdivided into Group 1A - Kulzer Charisma Diamond (N = 15) and Group 1B - Tetric N-Ceram (N = 15). Al: the sample discs were further immersed in testing solutions of tea, coffee, and distilled water (N = 5) for each group.

Results:

We observed significantly lower color change in the preheated group as compared to room temperature and also comparable color change in both the types of composites used.

Conclusion:

It was thus concluded that preheating composites could be effective in maintaining color stability in nanohybrid composite resins.