bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Model Based on Deep Learning for ENSO Forecasts
Authors: Geng Huantong , Wang Tianlei
Published: June 2021

El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is closely related to a series of regional extreme climates, so robust long-term forecasting is of great significance for reducing economic losses caused by natural disasters. Here, we regard ENSO prediction as an unsupervised spatiotemporal prediction problem, and design a deep learning model called Dense Convolution-Long Short-Term Memory (DC-LSTM). For a more sufficient training model, we will also add historical simulation data to the training set. The experimental results show that DC-LSTM is more suitable for the prediction of a large region and a single factor. During the 1994–2010 verification period, the all-season correlation skill of the Nino3.4 index of the DC-LSTM is higher than that of the current dynamic model and regression neural network, and it can provide effective forecasts for lead times of up to 20 months. Therefore, DC-LSTM can be used as a powerful tool for predicting ENSO events.
Self-Organization in Cold Atoms Mediated by Diffractive Coupling
Authors: Ackemann Thorsten , Labeyrie Guillaume , Baio Giuseppe , Krešić Ivor , Walker Josh G. M. , Costa Boquete Adrian , Griffin Paul , Firth William J. , Kaiser Robin , Oppo Gian-Luca , Robb Gordon R. M.
Published: June 2021

This article discusses self-organization in cold atoms via light-mediated interactions induced by feedback from a single retro-reflecting mirror. Diffractive dephasing between the pump beam and the spontaneous sidebands selects the lattice period. Spontaneous breaking of the rotational and translational symmetry occur in the 2D plane transverse to the pump. We elucidate how diffractive ripples couple sites on the self-induced atomic lattice. The nonlinear phase shift of the atomic cloud imprinted onto the optical beam is the parameter determining coupling strength. The interaction can be tailored to operate either on external degrees of freedom leading to atomic crystallization for thermal atoms and supersolids for a quantum degenerate gas, or on internal degrees of freedom like populations of the excited state or Zeeman sublevels. Using the light polarization degrees of freedom on the Poincaré sphere (helicity and polarization direction), specific irreducible tensor components of the atomic Zeeman states can be coupled leading to spontaneous magnetic ordering of states of dipolar and quadrupolar nature. The requirements for critical interaction strength are compared for the different situations. Connections and extensions to longitudinally pumped cavities, counterpropagating beam schemes and the CARL instability are discussed.
Tenth Volume of Axioms and Why Axioms Was Launched
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: June 2021

This year we publish the tenth volume of Axioms (ISSN 2075-1680) [...]
Mechanobiology: A New Frontier in Biology
Authors: Kim Tae-Jin
Published: June 2021

As we observe an increase in muscle mass by lifting weights or a significant mass loss in musculoskeletal tissues of astronauts returning after a stay in space, we note the manifestation of the mechanism of mechanotransduction that is central to mechanobiology [...]
In Vitro Compression Model for Orthodontic Tooth Movement Modulates Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle
Authors: Brockhaus Julia , Craveiro Rogerio B. , Azraq Irma , Niederau Christian , Schröder Sarah K. , Weiskirchen Ralf , Jankowski Joachim , Wolf Michael
Published: June 2021

Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (hPDLF), as part of the periodontal apparatus, modulate inflammation, regeneration and bone remodeling. Interferences are clinically manifested as attachment loss, tooth loosening and root resorption. During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), remodeling and adaptation of the periodontium is required in order to enable tooth movement. hPDLF involvement in the early phase-OTM compression side was investigated for a 72-h period through a well-studied in vitro model. Changes in the morphology, cell proliferation and cell death were analyzed. Specific markers of the cell cycle were investigated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The study showed that the morphology of hPDLF changes towards more unstructured, unsorted filaments under mechanical compression. The total cell numbers were significantly reduced with a higher cell death rate over the whole observation period. hPDLF started to recover to pretreatment conditions after 48 h. Furthermore, key molecules involved in the cell cycle were significantly reduced under compressive force at the gene expression and protein levels. These findings revealed important information for a better understanding of the preservation and remodeling processes within the periodontium through Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement. OTM initially decelerates the hPDLF cell cycle and proliferation. After adapting to environmental changes, human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts can regain homeostasis of the periodontium, affecting its reorganization.
The Fight against COVID-19 on the Multi-Protease Front and Surroundings: Could an Early Therapeutic Approach with Repositioning Drugs Prevent the Disease Severity?
Authors: Vianello Annamaria , Del Turco Serena , Babboni Serena , Silvestrini Beatrice , Ragusa Rosetta , Caselli Chiara , Melani Luca , Fanucci Luca , Basta Giuseppina
Published: June 2021

The interaction between the membrane spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the human epithelial host cell is the first step of infection, which has a critical role for viral pathogenesis of the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Following the binding between S1 subunit and ACE2 receptor, different serine proteases, including TMPRSS2 and furin, trigger and participate in the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. On the basis of the high virulence and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, other receptors have been found involved for viral binding and invasiveness of host cells. This review comprehensively discusses the mechanisms underlying the binding of SARS-CoV2 to ACE2 and putative alternative receptors, and the role of potential co-receptors and proteases in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the short therapeutic time window within which to act to avoid the devastating evolution of the disease, we focused on potential therapeutic treatments—selected mainly among repurposing drugs—able to counteract the invasive front of proteases and mild inflammatory conditions, in order to prevent severe infection. Using existing approved drugs has the advantage of rapidly proceeding to clinical trials, low cost and, consequently, immediate and worldwide availability.
Extracellular Vesicles in Innate Immune Cell Programming
Authors: Akbar Naveed , Paget Daan , Choudhury Robin P.
Published: June 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of bilipid-enclosed envelopes that carry proteins, metabolites, RNA, DNA and lipids from their parent cell of origin. They mediate cellular communication to other cells in local tissue microenvironments and across organ systems. EV size, number and their biologically active cargo are often altered in response to pathological processes, including infection, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and in response to metabolic perturbations such as obesity and diabetes, which also have a strong inflammatory component. Here, we discuss the broad repertoire of EV produced by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, their precursor hematopoietic stem cells and discuss their effects on the innate immune system. We seek to understand the immunomodulatory properties of EV in cellular programming, which impacts innate immune cell differentiation and function. We further explore the possibilities of using EV as immune targeting vectors, for the modulation of the innate immune response, e.g., for tissue preservation during sterile injury such as myocardial infarction or to promote tissue resolution of inflammation and potentially tissue regeneration and repair.
Digital Light Processing Bioprinted Human Chondrocyte-Laden Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid)/Hyaluronic Acid Bio-Ink towards Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Lee Alvin Kai-Xing , Lin Yen-Hong , Tsai Chun-Hao , Chang Wan-Ting , Lin Tsung-Li , Shie Ming-You
Published: June 2021

Cartilage injury is the main cause of disability in the United States, and it has been projected that cartilage injury caused by osteoarthritis will affect 30% of the entire United States population by the year 2030. In this study, we modified hyaluronic acid (HA) with γ-poly(glutamic) acid (γ-PGA), both of which are common biomaterials used in cartilage engineering, in an attempt to evaluate them for their potential in promoting cartilage regeneration. As seen from the results, γ-PGA-GMA and HA, with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as the photo-crosslinker, could be successfully fabricated while retaining the structural characteristics of γ-PGA and HA. In addition, the storage moduli and loss moduli of the hydrogels were consistent throughout the curing durations. However, it was noted that the modification enhanced the mechanical properties, the swelling equilibrium rate, and cellular proliferation, and significantly improved secretion of cartilage regeneration-related proteins such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen (Col II). The cartilage tissue proof with Alcian blue further demonstrated that the modification of γ-PGA with HA exhibited suitability for cartilage tissue regeneration and displayed potential for future cartilage tissue engineering applications. This study built on the previous works involving HA and further showed that there are unlimited ways to modify various biomaterials in order to further bring cartilage tissue engineering to the next level.
TRPV1 Blocker HCRG21 Suppresses TNF-α Production and Prevents the Development of Edema and Hypersensitivity in Carrageenan-Induced Acute Local Inflammation
Authors: Sintsova Oksana , Gladkikh Irina , Klimovich Anna , Palikova Yulia , Palikov Viktor , Styshova Olga , Monastyrnaya Margarita , Dyachenko Igor , Kozlov Sergey , Leychenko Elena
Published: June 2021

Currently the TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1) channel is considered to be one of the main targets for pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α. Similarly, the inhibition of TRPV1 activity in the peripheral nervous system affects pro-inflammatory mediator production and enhances analgesia in total. In this study, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of HCRG21, the first peptide blocker of TRPV1, were demonstrated in a mice model of carrageenan-induced paw edema. HCRG21 in doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg inhibited edema formation compared to the control, demonstrated complete edema disappearance in 24 h in a dose of 1 mg/kg, and effectively reduced the productionof TNF-α in both doses examined. ELISA analysis of blood taken 24 h after carrageenan administration showed a dramatic cytokine value decrease to 25 pg/mL by HCRG21 versus 100 pg/mL in the negative control group, which was less than the TNF-α level in the intact group (40 pg/mL). The HCRG21 demonstrated potent analgesic effects on the models of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced paw edema. The HCRG21 relief effect was comparable to that of indomethacin taken orally in a dose of 5 mg/kg, but was superior to this nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in duration (which lasted 24 h) in the mechanical sensitivity experiment. The results confirm the existence of a close relationship between TRPV1 activity and TNF-α production once again, and prove the superior pharmacological potential of TRPV1 blockers and the HCRG21 peptide in particular.
Ce-MOF with Intrinsic Haloperoxidase-Like Activity for Ratiometric Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Cheng Yanyan , Liang Ling , Ye Fanggui , Zhao Shulin
Published: June 2021

Metal–organic framework (MOF) nanozymes, as emerging members of the nanozymes, have received more and more attention due to their composition and structural characteristics. In this work, we report that mixed-valence state Ce-MOF (MVCM) has intrinsic haloperoxidase-mimicking activity. MVCM was synthesized by partial oxidation method using Ce-MOF as a precursor. In the presence of H2O2 and Br−, MVCM can catalyze oxidative bromination of chromogenic substrate phenol red (PR) to produce the blue product bromophenol blue (Br4PR), showing good haloperoxidase-like activity. Because of the special chromogenic substrate, we constructed a ratiometric colorimetric-sensing platform by detecting the absorbance of the MVCM-(PR, Br−) system at wavelengths of 590 and 430, for quantifying H2O2, where the detection limit of the H2O2 is 3.25 μM. In addition, the haloperoxidase-mimicking mechanism of the MVCM is proposed. Moreover, through enzyme kinetics monitoring, the Km (H2O2 and NH4Br) of the MVCM is lower than that of cerium oxide nanomaterials, indicating that the MVCM has a stronger binding affinity for H2O2 and NH4Br than other materials. This work provides more application prospects for the development of nanozymes in the field of biosensors in the future.
Biosafety of Genome Editing Applications in Plant Breeding: Considerations for a Focused Case-Specific Risk Assessment in the EU
Authors: Eckerstorfer Michael F. , Grabowski Marcin , Lener Matteo , Engelhard Margret , Simon Samson , Dolezel Marion , Heissenberger Andreas , Lüthi Christoph
Published: June 2021

An intensely debated question is whether or how a mandatory environmental risk assessment (ERA) should be conducted for plants obtained through novel genomic techniques, including genome editing (GE). Some countries have already exempted certain types of GE applications from their regulations addressing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In the European Union, the European Court of Justice confirmed in 2018 that plants developed by novel genomic techniques for directed mutagenesis are regulated as GMOs. Thus, they have to undergo an ERA prior to deliberate release or being placed on the market. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published two opinions on the relevance of the current EU ERA framework for GM plants obtained through novel genomic techniques (NGTs). Regarding GE plants, the opinions confirmed that the existing ERA framework is suitable in general and that the current ERA requirements need to be applied in a case specific manner. Since EFSA did not provide further guidance, this review addresses a couple of issues relevant for the case-specific assessment of GE plants. We discuss the suitability of general denominators of risk/safety and address characteristics of GE plants which require particular assessment approaches. We suggest integrating the following two sets of considerations into the ERA: considerations related to the traits developed by GE and considerations addressing the assessment of method-related unintended effects, e.g., due to off-target modifications. In conclusion, we recommend that further specific guidance for the ERA and monitoring should be developed to facilitate a focused assessment approach for GE plants.
Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthase 2 Acts as a Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Chia-Jung , Chiu Yi-Han , Chang Chung , Chang Yuan-Chin Ivan , Sheu Jim Jinn-Chyuan , Chiang An-Jen
Published: June 2021

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide with a low survival rate. Acetyl coenzyme A synthase 2 (ACSS2) is a conserved nucleosidase that converts acetate to acetyl-CoA for energy production. Our research intended to identify the correlations of ACSS2 with clinical prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in CESC. ACSS2 is highly expressed in many tumors and is involved in the progression and metastasis of these tumors. However, it is not clear how ACSS2 affects CESC progression and immune infiltration. Analysis of the cBioPortal, GEPIA2, UALCAN, and TCGA databases showed that ACSS2 transcript levels were significantly upregulated in multiple cancer types including CESC. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that ACSS2 expression was significantly upregulated in human cervical cancer cells. Here, we performed tissue microarray analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues from 240 cervical cancer patients recorded at FIGO/TNM cancer staging. The results showed that ACSS2 and PDL1 were highly expressed in human CESC tissues, and its expression was associated with the clinical characteristics of CESC patients. TIMER database analysis showed that ACSS2 expression in CESC was associated with tumor infiltration of B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that CESC with high ACSS2 expression was associated with shorter overall survival. Collectively, our findings establish ACSS2 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CESC.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Frail Patients with Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Preliminary Results after 4 Years of Experience
Authors: Grelier Laure , Baboudjian Michael , Gondran-Tellier Bastien , Couderc Anne-Laure , McManus Robin , Deville Jean-Laurent , Carballeira Ana , Delonca Raphaelle , Delaporte Veronique , Padovani Laetitia , Boissier Romain , Lechevallier Eric , Muracciole Xavier
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the oncological outcomes and toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in frail patients unfit for surgery or standard alternative ablative therapies. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 23 patients who had SBRT for primary, biopsy-proven RCC at our tertiary center between October 2016 and March 2020. Treatment-related toxicities were defined using CTCAE, version 4.0. The primary outcome was local control which was defined using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Results: The median age, Charlson score and tumor size were 81 (IQR 79–85) years, 7 (IQR 5–8) and 40 (IQR 28–48) mm, respectively. The most used dose fractionation schedule was 35 Gy (78.3%) in five or seven fractions. The median duration of follow-up for all living patients was 22 (IQR 10–39) months. Local recurrence-free survival, event-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival were 96 (22/23), 74 (18/23), 96 (22/23) and 83% (19/23), respectively. There were no grade 3–4 side effects. No patients required dialysis during the study period. No treatment-related deaths or late complications were reported. Conclusion: SBRT appears to be a promising alternative to surgery or ablative therapy to treat primary RCC in frail patients.
Chemoimmunotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: Dead Yet, or Alive and Kicking?
Authors: Smolej Lukáš , Vodárek Pavel , Écsiová Dominika , Šimkovič Martin
Published: June 2021

The paradigm of first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is currently undergoing a radical change. On the basis of several randomised phase III trials showing prolongation of progression-free survival, chemoimmunotherapy is being replaced by treatment based on novel, orally available targeted inhibitors such as Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib or bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. However, the use of these agents may be associated with other disadvantages. First, with the exception of one trial in younger/fit patients, no studies have so far demonstrated benefit regarding the ultimate endpoint of overall survival. Second, oral inhibitors are extremely expensive and thus currently unavailable due to the absence of reimbursement in some countries. Third, treatment with ibrutinib and acalabrutinib necessitates long-term administration until progression; this may be associated with accumulation of late side effects, problems with patient compliance, and selection of resistant clones. Therefore, the identification of a subset of patients who could benefit from chemoimmunotherapy would be ideal. Current data suggest that patients with the mutated variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) achieve fairly durable remissions, especially when treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) regimen. This review discusses current options for treatment-naïve patients with CLL.
The Impact of Healthy Lifestyles on Late Sequelae in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Survivors. A Systematic Review by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi
Authors: Minoia Carla , Gerardi Chiara , Allocati Eleonora , Daniele Antonella , De Sanctis Vitaliana , Bari Alessia , Guarini Attilio
Published: June 2021

Background: In recent years, the scientific community has been paying ever more attention to the promotion of lifestyles aimed at the prevention of late toxicities related to anti-cancer treatments. Methods: Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) researchers conducted a systematic review in order to evaluate the evidence in favor of the promotion of lifestyles aimed at the prevention of the main sequelae of long-term classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in survivors treated at adulthood with first-line or second-line therapy, including autologous stem cell transplants (ASCTs). Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched up to December 2020. Results: Seven studies were ultimately included in this systematic review; some of them were eligible for multiple PICOS. The majority of the studies emerged from data extraction regarding cHL; less evidence resulted for DLBCL survivors. Five studies in favor of physical activity provided consistent data for a reduction of the cardiovascular risk in cHL and also in survivors who underwent ASCT. A beneficial effect of physical activity in reducing chronic fatigue was found. Being overweight was associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease in cHL survivors in one of the two eligible studies. Studies aiming to evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean diet on late toxicities and secondary cancers were lacking. Tailored survivorship care plans (SCP) seemed to represent an optimal tool to guide the follow-up and promote healthier lifestyles in the one eligible study. Thus, promotion of healthy lifestyles and empowering of lymphoma survivors should be implemented through structured models. The study also brought to light numerous areas of future clinical research.
Cell Death in Coronavirus Infections: Uncovering Its Role during COVID-19
Authors: Paolini Annamaria , Borella Rebecca , De Biasi Sara , Neroni Anita , Mattioli Marco , Lo Tartaro Domenico , Simonini Cecilia , Franceschini Laura , Cicco Gerolamo , Piparo Anna Maria , Cossarizza Andrea , Gibellini Lara
Published: June 2021

Cell death mechanisms are crucial to maintain an appropriate environment for the functionality of healthy cells. However, during viral infections, dysregulation of these processes can be present and can participate in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. In this review, we describe some features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and some immunopathogenic mechanisms characterizing the present coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Lymphopenia and monocytopenia are important contributors to COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. The fine mechanisms underlying these phenomena are still unknown, and several hypotheses have been raised, some of which assign a role to cell death as far as the reduction of specific types of immune cells is concerned. Thus, we discuss three major pathways such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, and suggest that all of them likely occur simultaneously in COVID-19 patients. We describe that SARS-CoV-2 can have both a direct and an indirect role in inducing cell death. Indeed, on the one hand, cell death can be caused by the virus entry into cells, on the other, the excessive concentration of cytokines and chemokines, a process that is known as a COVID-19-related cytokine storm, exerts deleterious effects on circulating immune cells. However, the overall knowledge of these mechanisms is still scarce and further studies are needed to delineate new therapeutic strategies.
Pathophysiological Roles of Neuro-Immune Interactions between Enteric Neurons and Mucosal Mast Cells in the Gut of Food Allergy Mice
Authors: Yashiro Tomoe , Ogata Hanako , Zaidi Syed Faisal , Lee Jaemin , Hayashi Shusaku , Yamamoto Takeshi , Kadowaki Makoto
Published: June 2021

Recently, the involvement of the nervous system in the pathology of allergic diseases has attracted increasing interest. However, the precise pathophysiological role of enteric neurons in food allergies has not been elucidated. We report the presence of functional high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRIs) in enteric neurons. FcεRI immunoreactivities were observed in approximately 70% of cholinergic myenteric neurons from choline acetyltransferase-eGFP mice. Furthermore, stimulation by IgE-antigen elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration in isolated myenteric neurons from normal mice, suggesting that FcεRIs are capable of activating myenteric neurons. Additionally, the morphological investigation revealed that the majority of mucosal mast cells were in close proximity to enteric nerve fibers in the colonic mucosa of food allergy mice. Next, using a newly developed coculture system of isolated myenteric neurons and mucosal-type bone-marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) with a calcium imaging system, we demonstrated that the stimulation of isolated myenteric neurons by veratridine caused the activation of mBMMCs, which was suppressed by the adenosine A3 receptor antagonist MRE 3008F20. Moreover, the expression of the adenosine A3 receptor gene was detected in mBMMCs. Therefore, in conclusion, it is suggested that, through interaction with mucosal mast cells, IgE-antigen-activated myenteric neurons play a pathological role in further exacerbating the pathology of food allergy.
Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Transient Drop Deformation during Transition through Orifices in High-Pressure Homogenizers
Authors: Mutsch Benedikt , Walzel Peter , Kähler Christian J.
Published: June 2021

The droplet deformation in dispersing units of high-pressure homogenizers (HPH) is examined experimentally and numerically. Due to the small size of common homogenizer nozzles, the visual analysis of the transient droplet generation is usually not possible. Therefore, a scaled setup was used. The droplet deformation was determined quantitatively by using a shadow imaging technique. It is shown that the influence of transient stresses on the droplets caused by laminar extensional flow upstream the orifice is highly relevant for the droplet breakup behind the nozzle. Classical approaches based on an equilibrium assumption on the other side are not adequate to explain the observed droplet distributions. Based on the experimental results, a relationship from the literature with numerical simulations adopting different models are used to determine the transient droplet deformation during transition through orifices. It is shown that numerical and experimental results are in fairly good agreement at limited settings. It can be concluded that a scaled apparatus is well suited to estimate the transient droplet formation up to the outlet of the orifice.
Verifying the Mechanical Performance of Cold and Hot Asphalt Mastics Containing Jet Grouting Waste as a Filler
Authors: Russo Francesca , Veropalumbo Rosa , Oreto Cristina , Biancardo Salvatore Antonio , Abbondati Francesco , Viscione Nunzio
Published: June 2021

In the road construction sector, the CO2 emissions that affect global warming are, in most cases, from the asphalt mixtures production activities that are carried out at high temperature (above 160 °C). The research here presented aims to investigate the physical-mechanical properties of asphalt mastics made up using jet grouting waste (JW) as a filler produced through both cold (40–50 °C) and hot mixing process. The first step focused primarily on examining the effects of optimal blending time and curing time of the mastics. The second step focused on the investigation of the rheological properties using a dynamic shear rheometer and carrying out a frequency sweep test at temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 °C with increments of 10 °C, and a multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test under 0.1 and 3.2 kPa load levels at temperatures of 40 and 50 °C. Four cold asphalt mastic solutions were analyzed and then compared to three hot traditional ones, keeping constant, on the one hand, the binder weight and filler over binder weight ratio (0.5), and, on the other hand, changing the type and amount of filler. The compositions of the hot and cold asphalt mastics were as follows: (a) 33% limestone filler (LF) plus 67% bitumen (concerning the cold mixing process, the bitumen content refers to the amount of bitumen into the bitumen emulsion), (b) 33% JW plus 67% bitumen, (c) 16.5% LF plus 16.5% JW and 67% bitumen. The fourth solution designed only for cold asphalt mastic was made up of 33% Portland cement (PC) plus 67% bitumen (referring to the amount of bitumen in the bitumen emulsion). The main findings showed that the optimal performance was achieved at high test temperature by cold and hot asphalt mastics made up adding LF and JW filler, which showed a pronounced elastic behavior. Moreover, the cold asphalt mastic solution made up of LF and JW filler showed better performance than the mastic made up using PC, reaching over 40% increase of the shear modulus and 30% lower non-recoverable creep compliance values at all test temperatures.
Carbon Dioxide Laser Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Messas Tassahil , Messas Achraf , Kroumpouzos George
Published: June 2021

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptomatic aggravation that affects the quality of life (QoL). Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), the hallmark of GSM, is managed with topical non-hormonal therapy, including moisturizers and lubricants, and topical estrogen application. Patients not responding/being unsatisfied with previous local estrogen therapies are candidates for a noninvasive modality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy, especially the fractionated type (FrCO2), has drawn considerable attention over the past two decades as a non-invasive treatment for GSM. This systematic review describes the accumulated evidence from 40 FrCO2 laser studies (3466 participants) in GSM/VVA. MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched through April 2021. We analyze the effects of FrCO2 laser therapy on symptoms, sexual function, and QoL of patients with GSM/VVA. As shown in this review, FrCO2 laser therapy for GSM shows good efficacy and safety. This modality has the potential to advance female sexual wellness. Patient satisfaction was high in the studies included in this systematic review. However, there is a lack of level I evidence, and more randomized sham-controlled trials are required. Furthermore, several clinical questions, such as the number of sessions required that determine cost-effectiveness, should be addressed. Also, whether FrCO2 laser therapy may exert a synergistic effect with systemic and/or local hormonal/non-hormonal treatments, energy-based devices, and other modalities to treat GMS requires further investigation. Lastly, studies are required to compare FrCO2 laser therapy with other energy-based devices such as erbium:YAG laser and radiofrequency.
Risk Assessment of Over-the-Counter Cannabinoid-Based Cosmetics: Legal and Regulatory Issues Governing the Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Cosmetics in the UAE
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , Shahwan Moyad , Ibrahim Baharudin , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Zyoud Sa’ed H.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The lack of scientific evidence of the safety and efficacy of over-the-counter topical cannabinoid-based cosmetics remains a concern. The current study attempted to assess the quality of cannabinoid-based cosmetic products available on the UAE market. In particular, the study attempted to quantify the presence of undeclared tetrahydrocannabinol, specifically delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), in these products. Methods: A total of 18 cannabinoid-based cosmetics were collected and analysed in this study. GC-MS analysis was used to determine the presence of total undeclared tetrahydrocannabinol. Results: The estimate for the average tetrahydrocannabinol content was 0.011% with a 95% CI (0.004−0.019). Leave-on cosmetics products are more likely to contain total tetrahydrocannabinol compared to rinse-off cosmetics (p = 0.041). Although there was no statistically significant difference in the total tetrahydrocannabinol according to cosmetic category, there was a tendency towards higher tetrahydrocannabinol content in the hand care products, baby products, and body care preparations. Conclusion: The current study reveals the need for producers of cannabinoid-based cosmetic products to issue quality certificates for each batch produced to inform users of the tested levels of tetrahydrocannabinol.
Revisiting the Diversity of Barbonymus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in Sundaland Using DNA-Based Species Delimitation Methods
Authors: Dahruddin Hadi , Sholihah Arni , Sukmono Tedjo , Sauri Sopian , Nurhaman Ujang , Wowor Daisy , Steinke Dirk , Hubert Nicolas
Published: June 2021

Biodiversity hotspots often suffer from a lack of taxonomic knowledge, particularly those in tropical regions. However, accurate taxonomic knowledge is needed to support sustainable management of biodiversity, especially when it is harvested for human sustenance. Sundaland, the biodiversity hotspot encompassing the islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia, is one of those. With more than 900 species, its freshwater ichthyofauna includes a large number of medium- to large-size species, which are targeted by inland fisheries. Stock assessment requires accurate taxonomy; however, several species groups targeted by inland fisheries are still poorly known. One of those cases is the cyprinid genus Barbonymus. For this study, we assembled a consolidated DNA barcode reference library for Barbonymus spp. of Sundaland, consisting of mined sequences from BOLD, as well as newly generated sequences for hitherto under-sampled islands such as Borneo. A total of 173 sequences were analyzed using several DNA-based species delimitation methods. We unambiguously detected a total of 6 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) and were able to resolve several conflicting assignments to the species level. Furthermore, we clarified the identity of MOTUs occurring in Java.
Influencing Factors on Postmortem Protein Degradation for PMI Estimation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zissler Angela , Stoiber Walter , Geissenberger Janine , Steinbacher Peter , Monticelli Fabio C. , Pittner Stefan
Published: June 2021

The present review provides an overview of the current research status on the effects of influencing factors on postmortem protein degradation used to estimate the PMI (postmortem interval). Focus was set on characteristics of internal and external influencing factors and the respective susceptibility and/or robustness of protein degradation. A systematic literature search up to December 2020 was conducted on the effect of influencing factors investigated in the context of postmortem protein degradation in the tissues of animals and humans using the scientific databases PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of eligible articles. We identified ten studies investigating a total of seven different influencing factors in degrading tissues/organs (n = 7) of humans and animals using six different methodological approaches. Although comparison of study outcomes was impeded by the high variety of investigated factors, and by high risk of bias appraisals, it was evident that the majority of the influencing factors concerned affected protein degradation, thus being able to modulate the precision of protein degradation-based PMI estimation. The results clearly highlight the need for a thorough screening for corresponding factors to enable the introduction of appropriate correction factors and exclusion criteria. This seems especially relevant for the protein degradation-based study of human PMI to increase the reliability and precision of the method and to facilitate a broader applicability in routine forensic casework.
Autofluorescence Detection Method for Dental Plaque Bacteria Detection and Classification: Example of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Yan Yung-Jhe , Wang Bo-Wen , Yang Chih-Man , Wu Ching-Yi , Ou-Yang Mang
Published: June 2021

The use of fluorescence spectroscopy for plaque detection is a fast and effective way to monitor oral health. At present, there is no uniform specification for the design of the excitation light source of related products for generating fluorescence. To carry out experiments on dental plaque, the fluorescence spectra of three different bacterial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans) were measured by hyperspectral imaging microscopy (HIM). Three critical issues were found in the experiments. One issue was the unwanted spectrum generated from a mercury line source; two four-order low-pass filters were evaluated for eliminating the unwanted spectrum and meet the experimental requirements. The second issue was the red fluorescence generated from the microscope slide made of borosilicate glass; this could affect the observation of the red fluorescence from the bacteria; quartz microscope slides were found to reduce the fluorescence intensity by about 2 dB compared with the borosilicate slide. The third issue of photobleaching in the fluorescence of the Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied. This study proposes a method of classifying three bacteria based on the spectral intensity ratios (510/635 and 500/635 nm) under the 405 nm excitation light was proposed in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification were approximately 99% and 99%, respectively.
Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection Analysis of Soccer Players
Authors: Lopes António M. , Tenreiro Machado José A.
Published: June 2021

In professional soccer, the choices made in forming a team lineup are crucial for achieving good results. Players are characterized by different skills and their relevance depends on the position that they occupy on the pitch. Experts can recognize similarities between players and their styles, but the procedures adopted are often subjective and prone to misclassification. The automatic recognition of players’ styles based on their diversity of skills can help coaches and technical directors to prepare a team for a competition, to substitute injured players during a season, or to hire players to fill gaps created by teammates that leave. The paper adopts dimensionality reduction, clustering and computer visualization tools to compare soccer players based on a set of attributes. The players are characterized by numerical vectors embedding their particular skills and these objects are then compared by means of suitable distances. The intermediate data is processed to generate meaningful representations of the original dataset according to the (dis)similarities between the objects. The results show that the adoption of dimensionality reduction, clustering and visualization tools for processing complex datasets is a key modeling option with current computational resources.
Bell Diagonal and Werner State Generation: Entanglement, Non-Locality, Steering and Discord on the IBM Quantum Computer
Authors: Riedel Gårding Elias , Schwaller Nicolas , Chan Chun Lam , Chang Su Yeon , Bosch Samuel , Gessler Frederic , Laborde Willy Robert , Hernandez Javier Naya , Si Xinyu , Dupertuis Marc-André , Macris Nicolas
Published: June 2021

We propose the first correct special-purpose quantum circuits for preparation of Bell diagonal states (BDS), and implement them on the IBM Quantum computer, characterizing and testing complex aspects of their quantum correlations in the full parameter space. Among the circuits proposed, one involves only two quantum bits but requires adapted quantum tomography routines handling classical bits in parallel. The entire class of Bell diagonal states is generated, and several characteristic indicators, namely entanglement of formation and concurrence, CHSH non-locality, steering and discord, are experimentally evaluated over the full parameter space and compared with theory. As a by-product of this work, we also find a remarkable general inequality between “quantum discord” and “asymmetric relative entropy of discord”: the former never exceeds the latter. We also prove that for all BDS the two coincide.
Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror Scale: Development and Validation for Portuguese Accounting Professionals
Authors: Silva Rui , Simões Margarida , Monteiro Ana Paula , Dias António
Published: June 2021

This research aims to adapt the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror and its use on Portuguese Accounting Professionals. Leymann scale was applied in a final sample of 478 accountants aged between 28 and 68, of which 47.5% were men and 52.5% women. We used a quantitative methodology by applying a questionnaire survey whose results were, in the following research phase, analyzed using the statistical packages SPSS 26 and AMOS 27. We used SPSS 26 for the Descriptive Statistical Analysis and AMOS 27 to estimate the structural equation model that validated the scale. After the scale had been adapted and changed, it was validated in psychometric terms to be applied to and used in studies involving this type of professionals. The Accountants Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror that resulted from adapting the original model was tested using structural equation modelling. Thus, the new scale produced significant results similar to those of the original scale, which means that it is valid and can be applied to other contexts. The validity and statistical reliability of the new scale made it possible to measure mobbing problems among accounting professionals reliably and robustly. The present research is an important contribution to the literature. Although it has been applied in several contexts, it is the first time it is being developed, adapted, and validated for accounting professionals who work in this area of management.
Enablers and Barriers to Successful Implementation of Cooperative Learning through Professional Development
Authors: Alansari Mohamed , Rubie-Davies Christine Margaret
Published: June 2021

Literature shows cooperative learning has positive benefits for students’ learning and social outcomes. Even though cooperative learning studies have been conducted in all areas of the curriculum, few studies have investigated whether there are similar effects for students across several curriculum areas or age groups. Moreover, less attention has been given to how professional learning and development (PLD) opportunities can contribute to changes in instructional practice. We illustrate how research on cooperative learning can be translated into practice, through a one-year University-School partnership. The current study is focused on our PLD work in one large private school based in New Zealand. Analysis of school data (quantitative student data and qualitative teacher data) indicated that, by the end of the school year, students reported experiencing more cooperative learning opportunities in their classes. Teachers believed that the PLD supported change in their practice and noted positive changes in student engagement. Analysis of student data also revealed differential outcomes by subject and age group. Overall, our study showed that PLD opportunities can contribute to the successful implementation of cooperative learning.
Teaching Performance of Slovak Primary School Teachers: Top Motivation Factors
Authors: Javorčíková Jana , Vanderková Katarína , Ližbetinová Lenka , Lorincová Silvia , Hitka Miloš
Published: June 2021

Teaching is a specific type of profession with a specific mission. In this study, the motivation level of primary school teachers in Slovakia in the period from 2015 to 2020 was analyzed. A total of 1189 Slovak teachers with a stratified selection were addressed. Cronbach’s Alpha, Tukey’s HSD (honest significant difference), and ANOVA were used to analyze the data obtained. The research results confirm that Slovak teachers are motivated most by relationship and financial factors. Other important motivation factors are atmosphere in the workplace, a good work team, a supervisor’s approach, a fair appraisal system, and a basic salary. The research also confirms that, over the duration of the study, there was a significant change in the average level of motivation factors; however, there was no change in their relative proportion and structure. In relation to gender, significant diachronic differences were confirmed. Research results prove that Slovak teachers have stable requirements in terms of motivation. This study’s findings will further help school management create effective motivation programs for primary school teachers. Regarding the fact that no similar research has been conducted in Slovakia in a long time, the research results presented here are original and unique.
Design of True Random Number Circuit with Controllable Frequency
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Wang Xiyue
Published: June 2021

True random number generators (TRNGs) have been a research hotspot due to secure encryption algorithm requirements. Therefore, such circuits are necessary building blocks in state-of-the-art security controllers. In this paper, a TRNG based on random telegraph noise (RTN) with a controllable rate is proposed. A novel method of noise array circuits is presented, which consists of digital decoder circuits and RTN noise circuits. The frequency of generating random numbers is controlled by the speed of selecting different gating signals. The results of simulation show that the array circuits consist of 64 noise source circuits that can generate random numbers by a frequency from 1 kHz to 16 kHz.
User-Driven Fine-Tuning for Beat Tracking
Authors: Pinto António , Böck Sebastian , Cardoso Jaime , Davies Matthew
Published: June 2021

The extraction of the beat from musical audio signals represents a foundational task in the field of music information retrieval. While great advances in performance have been achieved due the use of deep neural networks, significant shortcomings still remain. In particular, performance is generally much lower on musical content that differs from that which is contained in existing annotated datasets used for neural network training, as well as in the presence of challenging musical conditions such as rubato. In this paper, we positioned our approach to beat tracking from a real-world perspective where an end-user targets very high accuracy on specific music pieces and for which the current state of the art is not effective. To this end, we explored the use of targeted fine-tuning of a state-of-the-art deep neural network based on a very limited temporal region of annotated beat locations. We demonstrated the success of our approach via improved performance across existing annotated datasets and a new annotation-correction approach for evaluation. Furthermore, we highlighted the ability of content-specific fine-tuning to learn both what is and what is not the beat in challenging musical conditions.