bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis the advanced ICT usage of the Hungarian SME sector for preparing a domestic agri-food research
Authors: Botos Szilvia , Felföldi János , Várallyai László , Péntek Ádám , Szilágyi Róbert
Published: June 2018

In the Hungarian agro-food sector SMEs have a key role but regarding the tendency of the performance of SME sector, comparing to EU-28 average, the performance of Hungarian SME sector has gradually worsened between 2008 and 2015 while the EU average has an increasing trend. ICT can help enterprises and this article is an overview of the ICT situation of Hungarian SMEs. It is important to analyse in detail the ICT usage characteristics of agro SMEs in the food supply chain because these ICT devices, tools and services are crucial to smooth the information flow within the chain. For all these reasons our work aims to find out how Hungarian agro-food SMEs use ICT and how ICT adoption affect their business procedures, performance and development. A striking observation to emerge from the data comparison is the difference among SMEs and large enterprises regarding the usage of the different basic and advanced ICT solutions. A much bigger percent of large companies use advanced ICT then SMEs and mainly small enterprises are lagging behind as the attitudes of medium sized enterprises are rather similar to the large ones. In Hungary small enterprises in agro-food industry are in difficult financial state and for them free Cloud Computing services can offer good opportunities as they do not have initial costs. ICT adoption is very important to them as ICT sector is a dynamically growing sector and if customers and partners of an enterprise adapt faster to these technological innovations, it may have a negative effect on the different processes, performance and financial results of the organisation. In this article our aim was to determine the main question groups for our questionnaire which focus mainly on ICT solutions supporting the quality of communication and relationship between partners. As the basic IT tools are available in the major part even in the SMEs besides large companies, the two main issues will be the usage of advanced online services and the usage of high quality ICT solutions.

JEL Code: M15
Human resource aspect of agricultural economy – challenges of demographic change
Authors: Rajczi Alexandra , Vörös Péter , Dajnoki Krisztina
Published: June 2018

Over the past decades, the agrarian policy has tried to contribute to the catching-up of the rural areas with varying dynamism and aid scheme. However, its result is significantly below expectations. Nowadays, the age composition of the population living in rural areas reveals an unfavourable picture; the rate of the elderly, deprived persons and people being inactive from the aspect of employment is high and it is also combined with the low educational levels. The young generations and intellectuals leave the rural areas and, consequently, the rate of the active population continues to grow narrow as well as the proportion of young and skilled employees decreases. As a consequence of changes in the past decades, the rate of agricultural employment has not led to an intensive change but a failing change in extensive direction which lays off jobs. Nowadays, this process also determines the Hungarian rural society. In the sector, the need for employment diminishes as a result of the development in technology and due to the expansion of services sector. The purpose of our study is to present and analyse the human resources of our country’s agriculture by skill level and age group and compare it with the needs of companies, by doing this we try to compare supply and demand. In details, based on secondary data source, we investigate the agricultural labour force and try to confront it with the advertisements of job search portals (three of our job search portals based on our predefined criteria), by which we achieve a current picture of the agricultural human resource circumstances.

JEL Code: J43
Demographic and lifestyle attributes with a fundamental role in food supplement consumption (exploratory research)
Authors: Nábrádi Zsófia
Published: June 2018

The worldwide proportion of food supplement consumers has been steadily increasing, more than 50% of the Hungarian population tends to buy at least one type of dietary supplement. In most cases, the purchase and consumption of food supplements are not based on medical indications but depends on consumers’ individual decisions. The study of consumer groups enables the investigation of typicalities which have an impact on attitudes related to the consumption of food additives. The present study explores the demographical factors determining the global consumption of dietary supplements by secondary research. It sought to explore the typical features of consumer lifestyles in line with the research findings, based on previously specified criteria, through qualitative focus group examinations. My study focused on subjects who bought and purchased at least one type of food supplement in the previous year and placed a high emphasis on healthy diet and lifestyle in their everyday lives. The consumption of dietary supplements indicates growth with age and it is more common among women. Consumers with higher qualifications and incomes tend to buy products with vitamins and minerals in a greater proportion. The identification of nutrition factors revealed that the proportion of those who do not need extra nutrient intake is high among food supplement consumers. It is primarily true of women having a healthy lifestyle (they typically consume high amounts of vegetables and fruits, they are physically active, non-smokers and do not use alcohol); moreover, their socio-economic status is typically high. The findings of my quantitative research suggest that the purchase and consumption of dietary supplements are most characteristic of the “Successful”, “Quality oriented- successful” and “Loyal to the brand - modest” groups in the lifestyle-based consumer segments. The investigated sample showed ambiguous attitudes towards product quality and willingness to pay in all the three batches. Nevertheless, it can be established, when consumers buy food supplements, brand sensitivity proves to be a dominant factor in addition to - typically Hungarian - price sensitivity. Based on lifestyle factors, the current research may bring us closer to the exploration of the motivational and attitude patterns of consumers’ food supplement purchases.

JEL Code: I12, M31
Infrastuctural background of the everyday physical education in Hungarian high schools
Authors: Varga Szépné Henrietta , Katona Éva , Páll Dénes , Balatoni Ildikó
Published: June 2018

The Hungarian government is dedicated to supporting a healthy and sporty life-style, thus in the past years the number of initiatives directed to publicizing and promoting sports has increased considerably. The new Law of Public Education has put the emphasis on physical education and on organizing other sport events in schools. This led to the introduction, in a phasing-out manner, of the every-day physical education (PE).We were interested to know the infrastructural background of PE including the number and size of sports halls available for the students, how many classes can they accommodate at the same time, and when were they constructed. To this end a survey was conducted through telephone, contacting 200 high schools in 19 counties of Hungary. Do the schools have their own swimming pools, or do they conduct after-hours sports events. Data were analyzed using the EvaSys program.The time of construction of the schools and their sports halls spans a wide range between the years 1530 and 2005. So do the number of students, between 150-1200. Nineteen of the schools have none, 67% has one, and 18.8% two sports halls. The size of these halls is also very variable, while in some schools it is only 25 m2, in others it can be as large as 2295m2. In most cases the halls can accommodate one or two classes in parallel. Afternoon classes are held in 87% of the schools, and include basketball, fencing, and soccer, among others. However, only eleven of the interviewed high schools have swimming pools. Research has called the attention to the fact that the exercise of Hungarian youth is too little. This puts the emphasis on the promotion of physical activity in schools. While there are large differences in the infrastructural background in the schools involved in the survey, they all strive to conduct after-hours sport events.
Reasons for and obstacles to cycling in opinions of residents of Debrecen, Hungary
Authors: Kosztin Nikolett , Tőzsér József , Csernoch László , Balatoni Ildikó
Published: June 2018

It is a basic aim of the European Union that due to the developments in 2014-2020 the bicycle would become one of the most often used transportation, touristic, and sports equipment. We were interested to see to what extent is bicycling present in the transportation system of Debrecen and what are the most important reasons for its residents to use the bicycles. The dedication of Debrecen to promote cycling is clearly proven by the number of newly built or resurfaced bike paths and by the fact that the University of Debrecen has introduced – alone in the region – UniBike which is a bicycle renting system brought forth by the need of its students. Here we present the developments that took place in the North Plain Region in the past few years. We have also analyzed the national and European strategies and reports on bicycling. A survey was conducted among the youth of Debrecen to explore their cycling habits. The data were evaluated using the EvaSys program. Until the end of 2011 with the help of different funds 862 km of bike paths had been built in Hungary. In the North Plain Region due to funds totaling 777 million HUF 15.7 km long bike paths had been constructed until 2015. The development of tourism in this direction is promoted by the web-pages and brochures offering bicycle-tours around Debrecen. Nevertheless, bicycling in the neighboring townships is present not as an instrument for sports and/or tourism, rather as a mean of transportation. It is a clear goal in Europe and thus in Hungary to have bike paths that can provide the means of safe cycling. In parallel, it is also important to promote the benefits of bicycling, including positive physiological effects, cost-effectiveness, and environment-friendliness to increase the proportion of those who select bicycling as an alternative.

JEL Code: I15
Financial planning and improving of its methods
Authors: Azarenkova Galyna , Pasko Tetyana , Golovko Olena , Kovalchuk Yuliia
Published: June 2018

The paper investigates issues, concerning financial planning at the enterprise. Methods and models of financial forecasting are analyzed and their unification is proposed. The main problems of financial instruments using (such as financial planning) are described. Planning is important element of management, which ensures achievement of strategic priorities. Effective financial planning is essential tool of achieving of the main goals of the enterprise - profit maximization and cost of the enterprise. As market conditions in Ukrainian market of goods and services have its own specificity, which is defined, on the one hand, by means of analysis, formation and allocation of financial resources, and, on the other hand, the sources of reserves increasing, in order to implement the operating and investment activities to ensure their sustainable financial development. It should be noted that the formation of these processes has a significant impact on both objective and subjective factors, such as instability of tax policy and regulatory legislation for national currency, the impact of the global economic crisis, reducing the resources and available current assets etc.
Thus, the increasing volatility of external environment requires managerial entities to speed decision-making and direct financial planning and forecasting, in order to reduce the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the financial activities of enterprises.
The potential of Egypt’s soft power post Arab Spring
Authors: M. Yehia Abd El Rehim Aida
Published: June 2018

After being called ‘Hollywood of the East’, Egypt’s soft power has witnessed a decline from the start of the years 2000s; due to 9/11/2001 and its aftermath, until it reached its lowest point since the Arab Spring in 2011. The deterioration hit its media sector, arts industry, sports and diplomacy. However, since 2014 a revival for one of its soft power capabilities happened. Its diplomacy. Diplomacy is on the rise and has some potential to restore Egypt’s status as ‘an active’ regional player. To illustrate that Egypt is now a temporary Security Council member in the United Nations for two years. This status earned after a lot of recommendation from Arab, African and Islamic blocks in the Security Council. To win this seat it required a lot of diplomatic efforts and lobbying which were successful at the end after being absent from non-permanent membership in UNSC since 1997. The first signs of decline in its diplomatic power started in 2006. This was due to USA’s neglect for Egypt and putting a lot of pressure on it from Bush junior’s Administration to comply with US values and interests in the region. This has been accentuated in the Bush Doctrine and was a natural outcome of September 11 attacks in 2001. The argument in here is that despite the decline in Egyptian status on all levels, and its soft power among them, due to turmoil resulting from the Arab Spring yet Egypt still has potential for revival and gaining a leading role due to its soft power. This study will be based on qualitative analysis to prove the argument. A diplomat and an academic have been interviewed to further illustrate the ideas expressed in this article. There are a number of issues that show success in Egypt’s diplomacy to prove this argument since 2014.
Background of insurance service and strategy for particular customer circles
Authors: Korneyev Maxim , Stoianov German , Grytsenko Anton
Published: June 2018

The article is dedicated to the development of services and conditions of cooperation directed to insurance in the premium circle of clients under globalization. The circle of premium customers in addition to their requirements was described. Extended types of insurance are disposed in the article in order to develop the relationship between customer and insurer for most efficient partnership. The main reasons which caused the low level of insurance market development in Ukraine were proposed both with theoretical variety of their decisions. Proposals about methodical necessity of separating life and non-life insurance companies in the domestic market are disposed due to recommendations of the strategical development of insurance company. Methodological approach to the customer attraction procedure is represented for insurance sales management improvement.
Dynamic Effects of Two-Time Delays on a Model for Tumor Growth
Authors: Liu Haihong , Guo Lina , Yan Fang , Zhang Linghai
Published: June 2018

Aims and Objective: In order to understand the dynamic mechanisms of tumor growth
and make a contribution to develop anti-cancer treatment strategies, a mathematical model for tumor
growth with two-time delays is proposed in this article.

Materials and Methods:

First, the relationships among host cells, tumor cells and effector cells, and
the biological meaning of two-time delays are explained. Moreover, the system stability is discussed
by analyzing the characteristic equation of the model. In addition, the existence and properties of
oscillatory dynamic are also researched by using normative theory and central manifold method.
Finally, the numerical simulations are performed to further illustrate and support the theoretical
results.

Results:

Both two-time delays in the model can affect the dynamics of tumor growth. Meanwhile,
the system can experience a Hopf bifurcation when the delay crosses a series of critical values.
Further, a clear formula is deduced to determine the Hopf bifurcation and the direction of stability of
the periodic solution. Finally, these results are verified by using numerical simulation.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated that the time from identifying tumor cells to making the
appropriate response for the immune system and the time needed for competition between host cells
and tumor cells for natural resources and living space is significant for tumor growth. These findings
in this paper may help us better understand the behaviors of tumors and develop better anti-cancer
treatment strategies.
Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation in Cerebellar Disorders
Authors: Di Nuzzo Chiara , Ruggiero Fabiana , Cortese Francesca , Cova Ilaria , Priori Alberto , Ferrucci Roberta
Published: June 2018

Background & Objective:

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) might be a valuable
therapeutic approach for neurological diseases by modifying the cortical activity in the human brain
and promoting neural plasticity. Currently, researchers are exploring the use of NIBS on the cerebellum
to promote functional neural changes in cerebellar disorders.

Conclusion:

In the presence of cerebellar dysfunction, several movement disorders, such as kinetic tremor, ataxia
of gait, limb dysmetria and oculomotor deficits, become progressively more disabling in daily life, and
no pharmacological treatments currently exist.

Conclusion:

In the present mini-review, we report the main evidence concerning the use of NIBS in
three specific cerebellar dysfunctions, cerebellar ataxias (CA), essential tremor (ET) and ataxic cerebral
palsy, in which abnormalities of neuroplasticity and cortical excitability can be important pathophysiological
factors.
HIV Testing Among Women of Reproductive Age Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda
Authors: Salima Nanyanzi , Leah Emegwa , Stephen Lawoko
Published: June 2018

Background:

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) occur as dual epidemics with gender dimensions. IPV sometimes result in lack of decision making autonomy over one’s own health and this may negatively affect uptake HIV testing services.

Objective:

The study aimed to examine the association between exposure to IPV and HIV testing among women of reproductive age in Uganda.

Method:

The study is based on cross-sectional data from 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). A sub-sample of 1705 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 who responded to the domestic violence module was examined in the study. Bivariate and multivariable (logistic regression) analyses were used to determine the association between exposure to IPV and HIV testing.

Results:

Up to 82.3% and 61.5% of the respondents were tested for HIV ever and in the past year, respectively. The prevalence of physical IPV and IPV of any form in the past year was 25.6% and 44% respectively. Exposure to physical IPV and emotional IPV in the past year was associated with HIV testing within the past year. In the multivariate analysis, exposure to physical IPV remained significantly associated with HIV testing within the past year (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03-1.73). Frequent access to newspapers remained a significant predictor of HIV testing uptake.

Conclusion:

HIV testing in the past year is associated with exposure to IPV among women of reproductive age in Uganda. There is a need to include IPV as a part of global strategy to address HIV/AIDS.
In-=SUB=-0.8-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-0.2-=/SUB=-As квантовые точки для GaAs-фотопреобразователей: особенности роста, исследование методом металлорганической газофазной эпитаксии, и свойства
Authors: Салий Р.А. , Косарев И.С. , Минтаиров С.А. , Надточий А.М. , Шварц М.З. , Калюжный Н.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe growth peculiarities of In_0.8Ga_0.2As quantum dots and their arrays on GaAs surface by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy are investigated. The bimodal size distribution of In_0.8Ga_0.2As quantum dots is established from the photoluminescence spectra recorded at different temperatures. The growth parameters were determined at which the stacking of 20 In_0.8Ga_0.2As quantum-dot layers in the active area of a GaAs solar cell makes it possible to enhance the photogenerated current by 0.97 and 0.77 mA/cm^2 for space and terrestrial solar spectra, respectively, with the high quality of the p–n junction retained. The photogenerated current in a solar cell with quantum dots is higher than in the reference GaAs structure by ~1% with regard to nonradiative-recombination loss originating from stresses induced by the quantum-dot array.
Фотоэлектрические свойства нитевидных кристаллов ZnO
Authors: Шкумбатюк П.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe photoelectric properties of ZnO whiskers obtained from the gas phase by the evaporation of a powder and metallic Zn under the continuous action of CO_2 laser radiation are studied. On the basis of investigation of the InO–ZnO barrier structure, the mechanism of the photoconductivity of crystal ZnO caused by potential barriers is proposed.
Модификация спектров фотопроводимости в композитных структурах ZnO-квантовые точки CdSe под действием дополнительного фотовозбуждения
Authors: Дроздов К.А. , Крылов И.В. , Чижов А.С. , Румянцева М.Н. , Pябова Л.И. , Хохлов Д.Р.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe incorporation of CdS nanocrystals into a porous ZnO matrix results in sensitization of the composite in the visible spectral region. Studies of the photoconductivity spectra upon variable external illumination show that the spectra undergo reversible transformations. It is shown that the shape of the peak and the position of the local photoconductivity maximum corresponding to nanocrystals depend on the wavelength distribution of the incident radiation intensity. The mechanisms responsible for the process are discussed.
Анализ структуры и проводимости изогнутых цепочек углерода, полученных методом импульсного плазменного осаждения на различных металлических подложках
Authors: Иваненко И.П. , Краснощеков С.В. , Павликов А.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractLinear-chain carbon films with a thickness of order 100 nm were studied by tunneling spectroscopy. The oscillating dependence of the differential conductivity of the investigated structures is established. The results obtained are interpreted using a model of charge-density wave formation in regular structural kinks of carbon chains. The Raman spectra of the films are recorded. The simulated spectra of harmonic oscillations of polyines (–C≡C–)_ n and cumulenes (=C=)_ n of carbon films are theoretically compared.
Исследование характеристик гетеропереходных солнечных элементов на основе тонких пластин монокристаллического кремния
Authors: Теруков Е.И. , Абрамов А.С. , Андроников Д.А. , Емцев К.В. , Панайотти И.Е. , Титов А.С. , Шелопин Г.Г.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe operating characteristics of heterojunction solar cells based on single-crystal silicon wafers with a reduced thickness are investigated experimentally. It is found that a decrease in the wafer thickness by 40% as compared to the standard values leads to degradation of the photoelectric-conversion efficiency to 5%. The obtained results could be used for estimating the commercial feasibility of the production of solar cells with a reduced wafer thickness.
Особенности электрической проводимости наноостровковых металлических пленок
Authors: Томилин С.В. , Бержанский В.Н. , Милюкова Е.Т. , Томилина О.А. , Яновский А.С.
Published: June 2018

AbstractStructural percolation transitions in ultrathin metal films at thermally activated granularity was studied. The degree of granularity of an Au/GGG film is shown to increase with decreasing its effective thickness. The film structure peculiarities are visualized upon the percolation transition via scanning electron microscopy. The feasible causes, mechanisms and models of activation conductivity in islet metal nanofilms are discussed and the statistical width distribution of inter-islet gaps is considered, as well.
Межфазная энергия на границе металлический кристалл--расплав
Authors: Арефьева Л.П. , Шебзухова И.Г.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe technique for estimating the interfacial free energy of transition-metal nanocrystals and its anisotropy at the interface with their melts has been developed. The expression for the coordinate of the Gibbs’ interface, which takes into account the size dependence, has been derived. The interfacial free energy of crystal faces at the interface with the related melts of monomorphic 4d and 5d metals decreases nonlinearly with a decrease in the nanocrystal size and, at a certain size, disappears. At the nanocrystal radius of more than 10 nm, the interfacial free energy of the faces approaches that for a macrocrystal. The temperature dependence of the interfacial free energy at the crystal–melt interface is almost linear. The technique developed is shown to be in agreement with the known experimental data for mono- and polycrystals and applicable for estimating the orientational, temperature, and size dependences of the interfacial free energy at the interfaces of nano-, micro-, and macrocrystals with their melts.
Электрические свойства интеркалированных соединений Ag-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-MoSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- в постоянном и переменном полях
Authors: Плещев В.Г. , Мельникова Н.В. , Селезнева Н.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractOn intercalated Ag_ x MoSe_2 samples, in addition to temperature measurements of the direct current electrical resistivity, measurements of the alternating current resistivity using the impedance spectroscopy technique are carried out in a wide frequency range and at different temperatures. The activation behavior of the d.c. conductivity, which increases with increasing silver content in the samples, is shown. The a.c. conductivity undergoes frequency dispersion, described by a “universal dynamic response” (UDR). It is shown that the relaxation processes during charge transfer in a variable field are accelerated with increasing silver content in the samples and with increasing temperature. The data obtained are analyzed using the models of the band and hopping conduction.
Влияние температуры на размер частиц и рекристаллизацию нанопорошков сульфида серебра
Authors: Садовников С.И. , Гусев А.И.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe recrystallization of silver sulfide Ag_2S nanoparticles has been studied and the range of the thermal stability of the nanoparticle sizes has been determined. Nanopowders Ag_2S with particle sizes of 45–50 nm were obtained by chemical deposition from aqueous solutions. To study the thermal stability of the Ag_2S nanoparticle sizes, the nanocrystalline powders have been annealed in a vacuum of 0.01 Pa on heating from room temperature to 493 K and in argon at 623 K. Annealing up to a temperature of 453 K leads to insignificant nanoparticle growth and annealing of microstrains, which allows one to consider this temperature range as the region of thermal stability of the silver sulfide nanostate. The temperature range from 450 to 900 K, in which the particle size increases by a factor of 3–6, corresponds to the temperature of collective recrystallization of the silver sulfide nanopowder.
Сравнительное исследование латерального фотовольтаического эффекта в структурах Fe-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-/SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/n-Si и Fe-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-/SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/p-Si
Authors: Писаренко T.A. , Балашев В.В. , Викулов В.A. , Димитриев A.A. , Коробцов В.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe results of a comparative study of the lateral photovoltaic effect in Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/ n -Si and Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/ p -Si structures are presented. The lateral photovoltage reaches its maximum near the measurement contacts in both structures, but the signs of this voltage differ. As the light spot moves away from the contacts, the photovoltage varies linearly in Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/ n -Si and decreases exponentially in Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/ p -Si. It is found that interface states at the SiO_2/Si interface induce the photovoltage polarity inversion associated with a change in the conductivity type of silicon. An extreme thickness dependence of the photovoltage with an optimum Fe_3O_4 film thickness of ~50 nm is observed in both structures.
О неоднородных поляризованных состояниях вблизи точки фазового перехода в тонкой сегнетоэлектрической пленке
Authors: Нечаев В.Н. , Шуба А.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is shown in terms of the phenomenological Landau theory of phase transitions that a phase transition to an inhomogeneous polar phase preceding in temperature a phase transition to a homogeneous polar state is possible. As a result of solving a boundary eigenvalue problem for the polarization equilibrium equation and electrostatics equations, wave vector k _⊥ characterizing the inhomogeneous phase has been determined and the temperature boundaries of its existence in the dependence on the film thickness and its surface properties have been found.
Динамическая неустойчивость поверхности твердых тел под нагрузкой
Authors: Хон Ю.А. , Zapolsky H. , Каминский П.П. , Пономарев А.Н.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of dynamic instability of a solid surface under a load, determined by perturbations of the electron density and the change in the interatomic interaction, is considered. This instability is manifested upon the excitation of dynamic displacements of atoms in the surface layer, which can lead to formation of finite-lifetime structures in the form of waves with a large amplitude. Such structures were earlier observed experimentally on a stretched germanium (111) surface.
Color change upconversion mechanism of Y-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-F-=SUB=-8-=/SUB=-:Er-=SUB=-3+-=/SUB=-/Yb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- microtubes by using time-resolve spectra -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Wang S. , Cheng X.H. , Wang J.Y. , Zhong Z.C.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of the upconversion processes in Y_6O_5F_8: 2%Er^3+/ X %Yb^3+ ( X = 3, 10, 20) microtubes has been explored. The luminescent properties of the as prepared sample is investigated by utilizing up- /downconversion, decay and time resolve spectra. The results indicate that the red and green emission are clearly competitive depending on the Yb^3+ concentration. High Yb^3+ concentration induces the enhancement of the energy-back-transfer (EBT), process, which leads to the quenching of green emission and enhances the red emission. So it is possible to utilize the temporal evolutions of emission bands to deeply understand the color change UC mechanisms.
Эволюция картин оптической дифракции на неупорядоченных фотонных структурах типа поленница
Authors: Синельник А.Д. , Рыбин М.В. , Лукашенко С.Ю. , Лимонов М.Ф. , Самусев К.Б.
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing three-dimensional direct laser writing, ordered and disordered photonic woodpile structures have been produced. An ideal woodpile is formed by layers of parallel “logs” turned through 90° with respect to logs of the previous layer. The disorder was specified by a random deviation in the angle with respect to their parallel arrangement in each layer of the woodpile. The quality of samples was tested by scanning electron microscopy. The optical diffraction patterns were studied experimentally on microsamples with different degrees of disorder and structure periods. With an increase in the degree of the disorder, the diffraction patterns changed qualitatively with the preservation of the zero diffraction order and formation of a speckle field pattern by higher diffraction orders.
Простые модели латеральных гетероструктур
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeneral analytical expressions for densities of states of a lateral heterostructure, formed by the contact of two square semi-infinite lattices with single-band and two-band spectra, were obtained in the tight-binding approximation by the Green’s function method. The semi-elliptical density of states was used for numerical estimates, and the model of two interacting dimers was proposed to estimate the charge transfer. Application of this approach to description of lateral epitaxial and graphene-like heterostructures is discussed.
Формирование вихревых течений в жидкокристаллических фазах инкапсулированных в микролитровые объемы под действием сфокусированного лазерного излучения
Authors: Захаров А.В.
Published: June 2018

AbstractA theoretical description of the process of formation of vortex flows v ( t , r ) and the evolution of the director field $$\hat n$$ n ^ in microliter liquid crystal (LC) volumes with a free surface under the influence of a temperature gradient ∇ T ( t , r ), which is initiated by focused laser radiation, has been proposed. Thermomechanical contributions to both the stress tensor and viscous moment which are acting per unit volume of the LC phase were taken into account in the framework of the nonlinear generalization of the classical Ericksen−Leslie theory, which allowed describing the origin and formation of vortex flows in nematics formed by 4-n-pentyl- 4'-cyanobiphenyl molecules. Various hydrodynamic modes of vortex formation in microsized LC volumes under the action of focused laser radiation have been investigated by numerical methods.
Влияние дипольной поляризации эмитирующей поверхности на пороги автоэмиссии многоострийных кремниевых катодных матриц
Authors: Яфаров Р.К.
Published: June 2018

AbstractRegularities of changes in the structural-phase composition and morphological and field-emission characteristics of surface-structured silicon wafers with various types of conductivity have been studied. It is shown that the use of a fluorocarbon plasma in the process of structuring, along with a carbon mask coating, allows obtaining preset autoemission currents of silicon cathode matrices when the external electric-field strength varies in a wide range irrespectively of the change of the gain factors of the fields of the emitting protrusions. The dominant role of dipole polarization in autoemission of electrons in surface-modified silicon structures has been established.
Корреляция характеристик макролокализованной пластической деформации и параметров электронной структуры металлов
Authors: Зуев Л.Б. , Данилов В.И. , Плосков Н.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe correlation between lattice characteristics of a deformed medium and parameters of autowaves of a localized plastic flow in metals at the stage of linear strain hardening is considered. Such correlation testifies for the existence of a close connection between elastic and plastic deformations of the medium and, more generally, between characteristics of plasticity and electronic structure of elements.
Магнитный затвор ловушки из постоянных магнитов для хранения ультрахолодных нейтронов
Authors: Ежов В.Ф. , Рябов В.Л. , Андреев А.З. , Базаров Б.А. , Глушков А.Г. , Князьков В.А.
Published: June 2018

AbstractA design of a magnetic shutter for a trap made of permanent magnets for the ultracold neutron storage in experiments on measuring the neutron lifetime is proposed. The data of shutter testing and comparison with the calculated magnetic fields are reported.
Волна фазового превращения в деформируемых аустенитных сталях, облученных в реакторе БН-350, и условия ее реализации
Authors: Максимкин О.П.
Published: June 2018

AbstractExperimental data on the influence of neutron irradiation on the plasticity characteristics of chromium–nickel austenite steels have been analyzed. Special attention is devoted to detection of anomalously high plasticity levels attained at some parameters of irradiation and deformation, which is explained by the formation and propagation of a “phase transformation wave” in the metastable steel. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the realization of this wave are formulated.
Получение карбида бора в низковольтной электрической дуге постоянного тока, инициированной в открытом воздушном пространстве
Authors: Пак А.Я. , Мамонтов Г.Я.
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe describe a method of obtaining ultrafine boron carbide (B_13C_2) powder using the effect of a dc electric arc on a mixture of initial reactants containing carbon and boron. A peculiarity of the proposed method is that it can be implemented using arc discharge operating in open air without any vacuum equipment and protective inert gas atmosphere. X-ray diffraction data showed that the synthesized product in the general case contained three crystalline phases: boron carbide (B_13C_2), graphite (C), and boron oxide (B_2O_3). Electron-microscopic examination showed that the average size of boron carbide particles ranged from ~50 nm to ~2 μm.
Шаблонный синтез микроструктур железа на основе трековых мембран
Authors: Семенов В.Г. , Бедин С.А. , Асадчиков В.Е. , Васильев А.Б.
Published: June 2018

AbstractIron nanowires (NWs) were obtained by template synthesis using polymer track membranes in the framework of development of a general method for the synthesis of regular metal nanostructures. The surface topography of NWs was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the local state of iron atoms was determined by Mössbauer spectrometry.
Влияние потери данных на диагностику сложных режимов динамики
Authors: Павлова О.Н. , Павлов А.Н.
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe consider the problem of quantitative description of the dynamics of complex systems using experimental data records containing various breakdown regions related to artifacts, violations of the operation conditions, or monitoring of equipment malfunctions. Elimination (rejection) of these regions can lead to modification of the signal structure, which makes it necessary to assess the influence of this procedure on the quantitative characteristics that are to be determined. An example of multiscale analysis of cerebral blood flow is presented, which shows that the correct diagnostics of the regime of system functioning may be possible even with extreme loss of data.
Internet Access and Hypertension Management Among the Elderly Population: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey in China (Preprint)
Authors: Jin Yinzi , Jing Mingxia , Zhang Luyu , Song Suhang , Ma Xiaochen
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a rapidly growing epidemic in China. Yet, it remains inadequately controlled, especially in rural areas. The internet has shown potential for better health management in different settings; however, few studies have investigated its role in hypertension management in China.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the association between internet access and hypertension awareness, treatment, and control among elderly Chinese adults and to investigate whether the association between internet access and hypertension management differed between those living in urban and rural areas.

METHODS

We obtained data from the nationally representative survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011. Hypertension was defined as (1) average systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or average diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or (2) currently taking antihypertensive medications. The outcome assessed included hypertension awareness, treatment, and control. The key independent variable was defined as whether one had internet access at home. We performed multivariate logistic regressions for each of the 3 outcomes.

RESULTS

Among 5135 hypertensive respondents (age 62.4 [SD 9.9] years; 2351/5135, 45.78% men), 12.89% (662/5135) had internet access at home. Compared with those who had no internet access, internet access was positively associated with hypertension awareness (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% CI 1.07-1.73) and treatment (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09-1.75), but not with control (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.90-1.58). Internet access reduced urban-rural disparity in hypertension awareness by 9.6% (P=.02), treatment by 8.3% (P=.05), but not in control. In addition, the moderating effect of internet access on urban-rural disparities in hypertension management was larger among females. The decreased urban-rural disparities were primarily driven by that internet access improved the management level in rural areas.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the low rate of internet access among the elderly population, the internet shows its potential as a platform for achieving better hypertension management in China. Strategies for reducing the disparities in hypertension management and overall disease burden of hypertension among the elderly population might consider the internet as a platform.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) Cohort Study: Protocol Describing Design, Methods, and Research Goals (Preprint)
Authors: El-Zein Mariam , Coutlée François , Tellier Pierre-Paul , Roger Michel , Franco Eduardo L , Burchell Ann N ,   HITCH Study Group
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiological research has generally been individual based, typically focusing on women, with couple-based research mostly consisting of cross-sectional assessment of prevalent HPV infection in both partners.

OBJECTIVE

The HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) study was set up to investigate the transmissibility of HPV among young, recently formed couples in Montreal, Canada. This paper provides an overview of the HITCH cohort study design and procedures as well as a narrative summary of the most important findings.

METHODS

HITCH is a longitudinal investigation of HPV transmission in recently formed heterosexual partnerships initiated within 6-month pre-enrollment, a time at which considerable transmission is believed to occur. A total of 549 newly formed dyads were recruited (2005-2011) from postsecondary institutions, including 502 young women and their male partners. An additional 46 males were enrolled at follow-up, as some women enrolled a subsequent partner at follow-up. Women aged 18-24 years were followed for 24 months for acquisition of HPV types not present at enrollment, whereas men returned for a single follow-up visit at month 4, for a sum total of 3361 clinic visits. The last follow-up visit occurred in January 2014. Extensive sociodemographic, sexual behavioral, and medical history data were collected every 2-4 months using computer-assisted, self-administered questionnaires. Furthermore, participants provided genital, blood, oral, and hand specimens for HPV assessment.

RESULTS

Although in its early analysis stage, HITCH has produced important publications. Findings from HITCH have increased the available knowledge about the natural history of HPV transmission and its determinants, provided further evidence regarding oral-oral and oral-genital routes of HPV transmission, and supplied empirically valid epidemiological parameters of HPV transmission to assist mathematical modelers in health economic assessments. In addition, HITCH data were made available to several multistudy collaborations evaluating new HPV detection assays and evidence for-or-against HPV type replacement following the introduction of HPV vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS

HITCH will continue to offer a unique resource for research on HPV transmission.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

RR1-10.2196/11284
Las etapas del desarrollo en Sonora: una interpretación de regímenes de desempeño económicos, 1940-2015
Authors: Mendoza Sánchez Mario Alberto
Published: June 2018

En este artículo se identifican las etapas del desarrollo económico en Sonora de 1940 a 2015. La caracterización se apoya en el análisis de los regímenes de desempeño económico asociados con las teorías del desarrollo; se encontraron tres periodos: de 1940 a 1970, denominado de despegue; de 1971 a 1990, que es el combinado, y de 1991 a 2015, de madurez económica. Un rasgo distintivo de esta periodización es el patrón diferenciado respecto de la dinámica nacional. Las evidencias empíricas muestran correspondencia entre la trasformación estructural, descrita por las teorías del desarrollo en general, y la secuencia tipificada por el enfoque de regímenes. No obstante, las actividades que en la actualidad lideran el régimen de desempeño económico imponen un estilo de desarrollo que dista de ser un paradigma a seguir.
Could conflict transformation education serve as a mechanism for increasing peacefulness in Colombia?
Authors: Hill Thomas
Published: June 2018

Conventional approaches to peace education have not led to more peaceful societies. In order to produce the broad political and social shifts that many peace educators have envisioned, a new type of educational approach is needed. Conflict transformation education (CTE) is a promising new approach that seeks to shift attitudes at a group level rather than individually, and embraces rather than denies its explicit political aim to shift social norms regarding the use of violence. CTE could be a useful tool in the post-peace agreement Colombian context.
La gestión por resultados: una revisión de la literatura y sus desafíos en américa latina.
Authors: Milanesi Alejandro
Published: June 2018

La Gestión por Resultados (GpR) es una idea dominante de reforma del sector público. Sin embargo, los factores que condicionan su desarrollo no han sidosuficientemente debatidos en América Latina. Este artículo aborda dos preguntas: ¿qué factores hacen que las organizaciones públicas adopten modelos y herramientas de GpR? Para ello se presenta una revisión de la bibliografía especializada sobre factores de implementación y uso. La segunda pregunta está orientada a una reflexión para la región: ¿Cuáles son los desafíos para la incorporación de la GpR en América Latina? Se destacan las dificultades para romper con reformas simbólicas y adaptarlas a las características del contexto regional.
THE EFFECTS OF THE RESISTANCE TRAINING ON SERUM CORTISOL, IL-6, IL-8, AND TNF- α
Authors: Öztürk Yılmaz , DİNÇ Nurten , Bereket Yücel Selda , Taneli Fatma , Ulman Cevval , Tıkız Hakan
Published: June 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of resistance training on IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, blood hematocrit and cortisol levels.

Materials and Methods: Thirteen players from Manisa Celal Bayar University soccer team and 14 sedentary male students were used as the study subjects. The subjects, whose average age was 18-24 years old, were healthy and free of any cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometrics measurements and blood samples were obtained from all the subjects. Blood samples were obtained basal sample (before the exercise), immediately after the training program (post-exercise), and 2 hours after the training program (2h post-exercise). All subjects participated in the training program in which intensity prescribed individually in 10 different exercises; seated leg press, knee extension, knee flexion, chest press, chest flys, lat pull down, shoulder press, triceps extension, biceps curl and sit-ups. Three sets of intensity of the each exercise were arranged according to pyramidal system at 70-80 % of the each participant. The volume of resistance training was 50-60 minutes.

Results: Post exercise IL-6 (p= 0,05) and IL-8 (p= 0,04) concentration of athletes were statistically lower compared to that of sedentary group. Furthermore, serum cortisol concentrations were found to be decreased in both study groups in post exercise and 2h post exercise samples compared to basal values (p<0,05). Post exercise IL-8 (p=0,04) and TNF-α (p=0,04) values of sedentary group increased significantly compared to values at 2h post exercise.

Conclusion: IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α responses to resistance training vary depending on the recruitment of different muscle fiber types by the trained individuals during the resistance training and the recovery of glycogen storage, which is found to be different from that of sedentary individuals.