bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Smart Museums According to Multi-Criteria Decision- Making Technique: AHP Method
Authors: AKGÖZ Erkan , ŞALVARCI Simge , AYLAN Fatmanur Kübra , SARI GÖK Hatice
Published: August 2021

Innovations and developments in information and communication technologies are effective in the emergence of new approaches and innovative business models in tourism as well as in many other fields. Museums, which are among the most popular attractions for tourism destinations, are places that undertake the task of promoting and preserving culture and heritage. The application and use of developments in information and communication technologies in museums will contribute to the increase of interest in these places. In this study, technology applications in museums were discussed, and factors affecting the choice of the smart museum with interactive multi-criteria decision-making methods of application of technology in museums in Turkey has been determined. Alanya Archeology Museum, Çorum Archeology Museum, Ankara Anatolian Civilizations Museum, Burdur Archeology Museum, Antalya Museum, Ankara State Painting and Sculpture Museum, and Zeugma Museum were determined as the study area. The selected museums were evaluated according to the criteria of virtual reality, interactive exhibition, easy access in digital vehicles, and the devices used, and the applications in the museums were examined according to the multi-criteria decision-making method. According to the results of the research, it was determined that many factors affect the smart museum selection, but the most important factor affecting the smart museum selection is virtual reality applications.
Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: SEVİNDİ Koray
Published: August 2021

Sovyet sineması daha çok propaganda amaçlı üretilen kurmaca ve belgesel filmleriyle bilinse de önemli bir animasyon ekolüne sahiptir. Sovyet animasyonları 1900’lü yılların başından itibaren ortaya çıkmaya başlamış, propaganda amaçlı üretilen animasyonların yanında halk hikâyelerine, masallara, efsanelere, eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetlerine, eğlenceye, mizaha, bilim kurgu ve fantastik anlatılara değinen yüzlerce animasyon da üretilmiştir. Türkçe literatürde Sovyet animasyonlarına yönelik çok az çalışma olmasından dolayı alana katkı sağlamak amacıyla bu çalışma oluşturulmuş, ağırlıklı olarak Rusça ve İngilizce kaynaklar derlenmiş, içerikler incelenmiş, bu kaynaklar üzerinden Sovyet animasyonlarına genel bir bakış oluşturularak betimleyici bir analiz yapılmıştır. Sovyetlerin sinemayla ilişkisinin ve bağının anlatıldığı ilk kısmın ardından Sovyet animasyonlarının 1900’lerin başındaki ilk örneklerinden Sovyetler Birliği’nin yıkılışına kadarki döneme kadar olan filmler incelenmiştir. Makalenin amaçlarından biri de bu alanda çalışmak isteyen akademisyenleri teşvik ederek onlara yardımcı olacak genel bir tarihsel anlatı sunmak ve yardımcı bir literatür özeti oluşturmaktır.
Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları Eğitiminde İstihdam Yapısına İlişkin Bir Araştırma
Authors: SEMİNT Serkan , ÖZBAY Gülçin
Published: August 2021

Gastronomi ve mutfak sanatları eğitimininde verimliliği ve kaliteyi arttırmak için bazı gereksinimler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu gereksinimler verilen uygulamalı eğitimin durumuna göre şekillenmektedir. Eğitimde kaliteyi arttırmak ve eğitimin niteliğini korumak için bu ihtiyaçlar önem arz etmektedir. İhtiyaçlardan biri de donanımlı öğretim elemanlarıdır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de lisans düzeyinde gastronomi ve mutfak sanatları eğitimi veren kurumlardaki öğretim üyelerinin niteliksel ve niceliksel açıdan incelenmesi temel amaç olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılara iki adet açık uçlu soru yöneltilmiştir. Araştırma için Türkiye’de aktif bir şekilde gastronomi ve mutfak sanatları eğitimi veren 68 kurumda istihdam edilen bölüm başkanlarına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kurumlar içerisinden 38 bölüm başkanı ile mülakat yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda temalar oluşturulmuş, amaca uygun olacak şekilde yorumlanmış ve katılımcılardan alınan bulgular analiz edilmiştir. Gastronomi ve mutfak sanatları eğitiminde istihdam edilen 406 öğretim üyesinin lisans mezuniyet alanları araştırılarak çalışma desteklenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre Türkiye’de gastronomi ve mutfak sanatları eğitiminde istihdam edilen öğretim üyelerinin 46 farklı alandan mezun olduğu ve genele bakıldığında bu alanlar içerisinde gastronomi mezuniyetine sahip kişilerin sadece %14’lük bir paya sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuç doğrultusunda gastronomi eğitiminin fiziki olanağına, akademik yapısına ve akademik üyelerin niteliğine, niceliğine yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Gözüyle Birleştirilmiş Sınıflara İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme: Sorun mu, Çözüm mü?
Authors: GÜNEŞ Ahmet Melih , ŞAHİN Güliz
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma, öğretmen adaylarının birleştirilmiş sınıflarda öğretime ilişkin algılarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Balıkesir Üniversitesi Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi’ nde öğrenim gören ve çok aşamalı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 65 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının birleştirilmiş sınıf uygulamasında öğretmenlerin deneyimsiz olmalarını ve bu okullardaki iş gücü fazlalığını en önemli sorun; öğrenci sayısının yetersizliğine katkı ve maddi yükte azalma sağlaması açısından en önemli çözüm olarak gördükleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
XVI. Asrın İlk Yarısında Kratova’da Nüfus ve Demografik Yapı
Authors: URAL Selçuk
Published: August 2021

Osmanlı Devleti hükmettiği coğrafyalarda kendine özgü bir idare tarzı benimsemiştir. Bu tarz Balkanlarda gerçekleştirdikleri fetihler akabinde bölgede uzun süreli ve kalıcı etki bırakmalarını sağlamıştır. Fethettikleri bölgelerde geleneksel tahrir işlemi sayesinde düzenli olarak nüfus ve arazi sayımlarını gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Devletin tüm kademelerinde hissedilen bu anlayış sayesinde de Osmanlılar hem hazinelerine gelir sağlamışlar hem de gerçekleştirecekleri akınlarda gerekli asker gücünü edinebilmişlerdir. Böylece egemen oldukları coğrafya ile toplumları daha iyi kavrayıp yönetebilmişlerdir. Vergiye tabi nüfusun belirlenmesiyle de hem iktisadi hem de idari düzenin kurulmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada da XVI. asrın ilk yarısına ait arşiv kayıtları eşliğinde Kratova’nın ve bölgenin nüfus ve demografik yapısı ortaya çıkarılmak amaçlanmıştır. Böylece Osmanlı Devleti’nin bahsi gen yüzyılda Kratova özelinde Balkanlarda uygulamaya çalıştığı nüfus ve iskân politikası aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.
About the Issue 3/2021 and the Evolution of Justice in Ukraine  during the period of independence
Authors: Izarova Iryna
Published: August 2021

This issue of Access to Justice in Eastern Europe consists of the collection of research articles focused on the evolution of justice in independent Ukraine. This year, we celebrate an outstanding event – 30 years ago, Ukraine became an independent state, and now, we have a great occasion to summarise some of our challenges and achievements.
AJEE was finally fully indexed in Scopus, Elsevier, and, on this occasion, I want to thank all our team – my excellent managing editors, respectful Editorial Board members, attentive reviewers and language editors, and authors, who helped us to share the results of research in the area of judiciary and civil justice, as well as criminal procedure among the wide audience of professional scholars and practitioners.
Reforming the Legislation on the International Commercial Arbitration of Ukraine: Realities or Myths
Authors: Prytyka Yuriy , Komarov Vyacheslav , Kravtsov Serhij
Published: August 2021

International commercial arbitration (ICA) is an alternative way to resolve foreign economic disputes. Initially, arbitration itself was seen as a neutral court in which the parties to the dispute were independent of national courts. Arbitration agreements and decisions must be recognised by national courts without any
complications or review procedures.
Although granting commercial parties some independence to agree that their dispute will be considered by independent arbitrators is a key principle in ICA, the struggle for supremacy between national laws and national courts on the one hand and the autonomy of the parties and the independence of the international arbitration system on the other continue. Over the years, national laws have sought to control, regulate, interfere with, or support ICA in various ways. To counter attempts to ‘localise’ ICA and promote equality in this area, private, professional institutions and international and intergovernmental organisations have developed a significant body of law designed to ensure self-government and dispute settlement procedures in ICA.
Nevertheless, international commercial arbitration cannot exist independently of national jurisdictions. Examining the activities of ICA, it can be seen that the importance and impact of national arbitration laws and national judicial supervision are significantly reduced, but the lex fori still plays an important role in arbitration. Thus, the reform of the normative regulation of international arbitration also affected Ukraine. The article analyses the radical changes proposed by the legislator regarding the procedure for establishing institutional arbitrations, expanding the arbitrability of disputes.
Implementación del Modelo Pss2b en Simulink
Authors: García Hidalgo Ernesto , Pérez Martínez Maykop , Rodríguez Domínguez Yandry
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo presenta un estudio de los diferentes tipos de estabilidad que están presentes en los Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia (SEP) atendiendo su naturaleza física, tamaño de la perturbación y escala de tiempo, con énfasis en los fenómenos oscilatorios de pequeña señal. Con el fin de mejorar la estabilidad de pequeñas señales, se implementa el ajuste del estabilizador de potencia 2B propuesto por la IEEE, y que no está implementado en la herramienta, utilizando la herramienta Simulink de Matlab versión R2017a, se toman como esquema base el propuesto en Kundur (1993). El comportamiento que presenta el modelo mostrado ante una perturbación es comparado con modelos ya implementados en la herramienta, observándose un mejor comportamiento y confiabilidad.
Research Into Irradiation Conditions With Led Phyto-Irradiators in Cucumber Plants Cultivating by Photoculture Technology
Authors: Kurshev Alexander E. , Bogatyrev Sergey D. , Zheleznikova Olga E. , Chmil Kirill A.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of two full vegetation growing seasons for Svyatogor F1 cucumber plants sort in photoculture conditions. The studies were carried out on an experimental research hydroponic installation (ERHI) under photosynthetically active photon irradiance EPPFD = (250 ± 10) μmol/s·m2. In the experiment, we used phyto-irradiators (PI) with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPSL) of the DNaZ type, as well as light emitting diode (LED) phyto-irradiators of the combined spectrum. A methodological approach to photobiological research (PBR) in the artificial climate laboratory at the Ogarev Mordovia State University was developed, which allowed us to determine the effect of the radiation of the LED PI combined spectrum on the productivity of cucumber plants under photoculture conditions. On the basis of the conducted experimental studies, it was found that the quality of seedlings grown under a phyto-irradiator with a HPSL of the DNaZ type is better than under a LED PI of the combined spectrum. From the point of view of the productivity of cucumber plants of this variety, the spectrum created by the radiation of white LEDs and radiation of LEDs with peak wavelengths λ = 660 nm and λ = 730 nm turned out to be more favourable. It was revealed that radiation, acting on the photoreceptors of a plant and thus triggering cascades of physiological and biochemical processes, can cause its ambiguous reaction. The practical significance of the results obtained was shown.
Pembuatan Prototype Sistem Kompressor Udara Start Pada Kapal
Authors: AZIZ MARUF NUR , Narto Amad , Heriyawan Mohammad Sapta
Published: August 2021

Pada era ini banyak metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam dunia pendidikan instansi pelayaran yang ada, salahsatunya adalah metode pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model alat peraga permesinan yang ada di kapal. Sehingga penulis mengambil subjek penelitian membuat sebuah alat peraga salah satu permesinan di atas kapal yaitu pembuatan prototype sistem kompresor udara start pada kapal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembuatan, sistem kerja, serta manfaat dari prototype  sistem kompresor udara start pada kapal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Research and Development, merupakan prosescuntuk mengembangkan suatu produk baru atau menyempurnakan produk yang sudah ada, baik itu perangkat keras maupun perangkat lunak. Pembuatan prototype sistem kompresor udara start pada kapal ini memanfaatkan dua buah modul elektronika dimana modul tersebut adalah modul jenis timmer delay relay1 channel, dan modul timmer delay relay 2 channel dimana kedua modul tersebut diprogram langsung dengan tombol yang ada pada modul. Sistem kerja yang ada pada alat peraga ini adalah kompresor mengisi udara pada tabung hingga tekanan mencukupi, kemudia udara bertekanan pada tabung akan digunakan untuk start mesin induk yang berupa simulasi sebuah silinder piston dari mesin 4 tak. Sistem ini dapat berjalan karena adanya kontrol otomatisasi dari modul elektronika.

Kata Kunci: Protoype, Kompresor, Timmer Delay Relay.
The microbiome of the seagrass Halophila ovalis: community structuring from plant parts to regional scales
Authors: Yan BC , Rabbani G , Lee NLY , Ooi JLS , Lee JN , Huang D , Wainwright BJ
Published: August 2021

Seagrass meadows are critical marine ecosystems. They are significant carbon sinks and play numerous important roles in coastal areas. They help to prevent shoreline erosion and serve as nursery grounds for many marine species. Like their terrestrial counterparts, seagrasses form symbiotic relationships with diverse communities of bacteria that help to promote and maintain host fitness. In this study, we sampled the seagrass Halophila ovalis throughout Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia to characterise the associated bacterial communities and distributions in this acknowledged seagrass biodiversity hotspot. Three different parts of the seagrass (leaves, roots and rhizomes) were collected, and a sediment sample was collected in close proximity to each host. We used high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to examine the bacterial communities associated with each plant part and location. Our analyses indicated that bacterial assemblages associated with H. ovalis were distinct among locations, and different plant parts harboured divergent bacterial communities. We uncovered a significant distance-decay relationship, suggesting that dispersal limitations could explain the observed bacterial community structuring. We further identified bacterial indicator amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were associated with degraded or healthy seagrass meadows. The identification of indicator ASVs that are indicative of anthropogenically stressed seagrass, or a declining environment, could be used to implement proactive seagrass conservation and management schemes. This study addresses a current scientific gap within the characterisation of seagrass microbiomes, specifically of those from Southeast Asia, a region of acute seagrass losses, and provides a solid foundation for future seagrass research in the region.
Isoprene fluxes from warm temperate and tropical seagrass communities
Authors: Hrebien V , Deschaseaux E , Eyre BD
Published: August 2021

Isoprene is an important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC), with a contribution to annual greenhouse gas emissions similar to that of methane in terms of carbon equivalent. Isoprene is mostly produced by terrestrial vegetation, although marine ecosystems also play an important role in isoprene production. Here, we report isoprene fluxes from warm temperate seagrass communities dominated by specific seagrass species (Posidonia australis, Zostera muelleri and Halophila ovalis) in Wallis Lake, NSW, Australia, and from tropical seagrass communities (H. ovalis/Halodule uninervis mixed patches) on Lizard Island, QLD, Australia. P. australis and Z. muelleri were net isoprene sinks (-0.6 ± 0.1 and -3.4 ± 2.0 nmol m-2 h-1, respectively), whereas H. ovalis (2.4 ± 0.2 nmol m-2 h-1) and mixed patches of H. ovalis/H. uninervis (13.2 ± 3.2 nmol m-2 h-1) were a net source of isoprene, indicating that seagrass communities can be both a source of and a sink for isoprene on a local scale depending on species. Overall, isoprene effluxes were more than 5 times higher on Lizard Island than in Wallis Lake, likely due to higher temperatures and prolonged sunlight on Lizard Island during the time of measurement. Wallis Lake and Lizard Island seagrass communities emit isoprene to the water column at an average rate of -0.3 and 8 mg m-2 yr-1, respectively. Seagrass communities are a benthic source of isoprene in coastal waters, but only make a small contribution (2.3 Gg C yr-1) to the global marine isoprene flux (11.6 Tg C yr-1).
A Covid-19 neurológiai szövődményei
Authors: Lambertus Iván , Dobronyi Levente , Bereczki Dániel , Kovács Tibor
Published: August 2021

A Covid-19 megbetegedést okozó SARS-CoV-2 2021-re a világ valamennyi országában elterjedt, elsősorban légúti tünetekkel járó megbetegedést okozva, amely súlyos esetben légzési elégtelenséggel járó tüdőgyulladás formájában zajlik. A világjárvány kezdete óta jelennek meg esetismertetések, összefoglaló vizsgálatok a fertőzés neurológiai tüneteiről, szövődményekről (például myalgia, anosmia, ageusia, encephalitis, encephalopathia, cerebrovascularis megbetegedések, Guillain–Barré-szindróma, különféle neuropathiák). Ugyanakkor ismeretes, hogy a terápiás próbálkozások kapcsán alkalmazott gyógyszereknek is lehetnek idegrendszeri mellékhatásai. Összefoglalónk a rendelkezésre álló hazai és nemzetközi irodalmat összegezve igyekszik a gyakorlatban is hasznos áttekintést adni a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés jelenleg ismert neurológiai szövődményeiről.
Az arcmaszkviseléssel összefüggő száraz szem betegség megjelenése Covid-19-pandémia alatt
Authors: Sohár Nicolette
Published: August 2021

A Covid-19-pandémia alatt mindenki számára kötelezővé vált az orrot és a szájat takaró maszk használata, hogy a SARS-CoV-2 terjedését ezzel is akadályozzák. A száraz szem betegség a könnyfilm és szemfelszín gyakran előforduló, multifaktoriális megbetegedése, amely az életminőséget jelentősen befolyásolja. A maszk viselése, továbbá az online munka és oktatás miatt szükséges tartós digitáliseszköz-használat következtében a páciensek körében gyakoribbá vált a száraz szem szindróma előfordulása. A maszkhasználat hatására kialakult szemfelszín-irritáció fokozott kockázattal jár a szemfelszínen keresztül történő fertőződésre. A közleményben bemutatjuk, hogy a Covid-19-pandémia alatt kötelezően és folyamatosan használt maszknak milyen a hatása a szemfelszínre, valamint, hogyan előzhető meg a betegség, és milyen terápia alkalmazható gyógyítására.
ЛЕГІТИМНІ ОЧІКУВАННЯ (REASONABLE EXPECTATIONS) ЯК СКЛАДОВА ПРИНЦИПУ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ ВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНІЙ ТА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІЙ СУДОВІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ
Authors: Берназюк Я. О.
Published: August 2021

Статтю присвячено визначенню легітимних очікувань як складової принципу юридичної визначеності у вітчизняній та європейській судовій практиці. Проведено аналіз рішень Європейського Суду з прав людини, у яких Суд звертається до захисту легітимних очікувань; на підставі цього аналізу визначено зміст останнього. Обґрунтовано, що, відповідно до сталої практики Європейського Суду з прав людини, легітимні очікування є предметом захисту в аспекті статті 1 Першого протоколу до Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод. Автором з’ясовано різні аспекти здійснення захисту легітимних очікувань у рішеннях Євро-пейського Суду з прав людини. Охарактеризовано національну судову практику та з’ясовано підхід національних судів до захисту легітимних очікувань в аспекті статті 1 Першого протоколу до Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод під час вирішення деяких видів адміністративних спорів.
Культурні пам’ятки гарнізонного храму св. ап. Петра і Павла (костел єзуїтів) у Львові: каплиця св. Бенедикта
Authors: Druzdiev Oleg
Published: August 2021

У статті розкрито історію появи та функціонування каплиці святого Бенедикта у львівському костелі о. Єзуїтів. Проаналізовано зв’язки фундатора каплиці з львівським осередком Товариства Ісуса, а також причини появи нової святині у храмі та значення, яке вона мала для жителів Львова у різний час. На основі виявлених документів, зроблена теоретична реконструкція вигляду каплиці після її відновлення у кінці XIX ст. Введено до наукового обігу два раніше невідомих документи з історії каплиці. Проаналізовано ідейне навантаження збережених до наших днів пам’яток, які збереглись у приміщенні колишнього костелу о. Єзуїтів.
Socio-political and public organizations activity peculiarities at Volyn in the Ukrainian statehood idea formation and development in 1921-1939
Authors: Kadeniuk Oleksandr , Sazhko Vasyl
Published: August 2021

Historical aspects of the development and formation of socio-political and public organizations in Volyn, which after the end of the World War I was under the rule of two totalitarian powers – the Soviet Union and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth I is studied in the article. The role of Ukrainian immigration in the creation of Ukrainian socio-cultural and political centers was considered, and the optimal ways of solving national problems were searched for. On the example of Volyn lands it is proved that despite the difference of social and political systems, which dominated both Western and Eastern parts of Volyn, the process of formation of the national idea represents an organic unity in all Ukrainian lands.
Заходи системи соціального забезпечення УРСР з врегулювання становища амністованих інвалідів (початок 1950-х рр.)
Authors: Fomin Andrii
Published: August 2021

У статті розглядаються питання передумов, здійснення та соціальних наслідків масштабної амністії, здійсненої радянським керівництвом після смерті Й. Сталіна за ініціативи Л. Берії (березень 1953 р.) у контексті загальної лібералізації політичного режиму, десталінізації та боротьби за владу, врегулювання становища амністованих інвалідів системою соціального забезпечення України та заходи щодо адаптації осіб з обмеженими можливостями до соціального середовища. Розкрито категорії ув’язнених ГУЛАГу, що потрапили під амністію, кількість осіб, яка прибула після неї до УРСР. Проаналізовано заходи, які вживалися щодо надання допомоги, відновлення виплат, адаптації, реабілітації та соціалізації інвалідів, що потрапили під амністію. Досліджено прояви бродяжництва та жебрацтва в означений період. З’ясовано, що система соціального забезпечення УРСР виявилася неготовою для вирішення нових завдань, не володіла достатньою мережею закладів і ресурсами, не спромоглася забезпечити амністованих інвалідів найнеобхіднішим у короткі терміни. Тогочасне суспільство зіштовхнулося із соціальною кризою, одним з проявів якою стала соціальна невлаштованість реабілітованих інвалідів.
Посилення титулатури Гефестіона та концепція посади «хазарапат» у державі Александра Великого
Authors: Baulina Kateryna
Published: August 2021

У статті розкрито становлення та посилення титулатури Гефестіона у контексті змін у військово-адміністративній системі імперії та ієрархії найближчого оточення Александра Великого. На основі джерельної бази розроблено власне бачення на верховну посаду ахеменідських царів «хазарапат» і відображення військового піднесення Гефестіона.
Potansiyel Erkek Girişimcilerin Perspektifinden Kadın Girişimciliği
Authors: Çitçi Umut Sanem , Memiş Sağır Pınar
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada kadın girişimciliği kadın emeğinin neoliberal politikalar bağlamında teşvik edilen karşılığı ile ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın araştırma sorusu kadın girişimciliğine bakışta toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarının neoliberal söylemin üretildiği bir alanda ne derece etkili olduğudur. Araştırma sorusunun arka planında kadın girişimciliğinin toplumsal kabulüne ilişkin bir sorgulama yer almaktadır. Bu sorgulama, girişimcilik misyonunu üstlenen üniversitelerde girişimci olmaya aday erkek öğrencilerin bakış açısından hareketle somutlaştırılarak pratiğe dökülmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı/iddiası, neoliberal politikalar aracılığıyla dönüşmüş girişimci üniversite(ler)de verilen girişimcilik eğitimi temelinde, potansiyel girişimci adayı erkek öğrencilerin kadın girişimcileri değerlendirirken ne derece toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarına başvurdukları ortaya koyabilmektir. Çalışmanın amacına ve araştırma sorusuna uygun olarak, derinlemesine bilgi edinmek esas alınmış ve bu amaçla yorumsamacı bir yöntem aracı olan ZMET tekniği seçilmiştir. Araştırmada, “girişimci üniversite” modeline uygun olarak girişimci bireyler yetiştiren bir üniversitede, mezun olma durumundaki erkek öğrencileri kapsayan gönüllü bir grup oluşturulmuştur. “Potansiyel erkek girişimciler” olarak kabul edilen bu öğrencilerden, araştırmacılar tarafından amacına uygun olarak seçilmiş resimleri kullanarak kadın girişimcileri tasvir eden kolajlar yapmaları istenmiştir. Araştırmanın analizi için erkek öğrencilerin kadın girişimciliğini hangi boyutlarda kavradıklarını görmek amacıyla Carter ve Malow’un yapmış olduğu sınıflandırmadan yararlanılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırmaya yerleştirilen yüzeysel metaforlardan hareketle Adem-Havva, taş, hayatta kalma, toprak ana, devlet baba, kontrol, gel-git/medcezir ve bağlantı derin metaforları belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların kolajlara yerleştirdikleri imgeleri değerlendirmeleriyle belirlenen bu metaforların araştırmacılar tarafından yorumlanması sonucu, neoliberal söylemin piyasada konumlandırdığı kadın girişimci temsilinin olağan şekilde benimsendiği ve cinsiyet kalıplarına yapılan atıfların ataerkil toplumsal yapıyı koruyucu nitelikte olduğu görülmüştür.
Rumeli’de Kadınların Çalışma Hayatındaki Yeri: Klasik Dönemden Modern Döneme
Authors: Tütüncü Gülsüm , Ünal Neslihan
Published: August 2021

Osmanlı kadınının sosyal hayat içindeki yeri ekonomik hayattakine kıyasla daha fazla incelenmiştir. Ancak klasik dönemden modern döneme geçişte kadının farklılaşan konumunu özellikle de karşılaştırmalı yöntem aracılığıyla ortaya koyabilmek, sosyal ve ekonomik değişimlerin birlikte düşünülmesi ile daha net anlaşılacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun kuruluştan itibaren önemli bir parçası olan Rumeli’de kadınların konumunun klasik dönemden modern döneme nasıl değiştiğini incelemektir. Rumeli’de kadının konumundaki değişimi ortaya koyabilmek; Osmanlı modernleşmesinin sosyal hayata yansımasına Rumeli özelinde ışık tutmuş olacaktır. Rumeli’de de imparatorluğun genelinde olduğu gibi kadının yaşamdaki konumu; kırsal ve kentsel olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Klasik dönemde kırsal yaşamda tarım ve hayvancılığın öne çıkması kadının yerini önemli kılmaktaydı. Kırsal bölgede yaşayan kadının sosyal yaşamı daha özgür ve ekonomik hayata katkısından dolayı da aile içindeki konumu güçlüdür. Kentlerde ise kadınların yaşam standartları daha iyi ve sosyal imkânları fazlaydı. Ancak kentlerde çalışmak zorunda olan bir kadının iş bulma olanağı, kırsalda yaşayan kadına göre daha zordu. 19.yüzyıl gelişmeleri ile birlikte Rumeli kadınının genel konumu da değişti. Özellikle kentli kadınların ekonomik imkânları arttı. Rumeli’de artan fabrika üretimi, ekonomik gelişmeler ve savaşlar nedeniyle erkek işgücünün üretime daha az katkı sağlaması, kadınların ekonomik hayat içinde daha fazla etkin rol almalarını sağladı. Ekonomik olarak güçlenen kadınların sosyal konumu da iyileşti.
Kentler Toplumsal Cinsiyetsiz Değildir: Türkiye’de Kentsel Mekânın Üretiminin Feminist Bir Eleştirisi
Authors: Yüceşahin M. Murat , Yazgan Pınar
Published: August 2021

Feministlerin öne sürdüğü gibi; çağdaş kentler ve onların sosyo-mekânsal yapıları, sanayi sonrası toplumlarda ev ve iş, kamusal ve özel mekânın ayrışmasını takiben üretim ve yeniden üretim sorumluluklarının toplumsal cinsiyete göre bölünmüş olmasından ötürü toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini (kadınların aleyhine olacak şekilde) sürdürülmesinde ve yeniden üretiminde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Feminist coğrafya araştırmaları kadınların günlük yaşamlarında karşılaştıkları mekânsal kısıtları ve kentin bölgelerine erişim zorluklarını araştırmaktadır. İlgili alanyazında, çevrenin erkek bakış açısıyla ve neoliberal kent politikalarının kendine özgü doğası vasıtasıyla bizatihi erkekler tarafından planlanmakta olduğunu öne sürülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye özelinde, kentlerin cinsiyetlenmiş mekânları hakkındaki tartışmalara eleştirel feminist analizle katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada erkek egemen çevrenin küresel ve yereldeki mekânsal süreçleri incelenerek cinsiyetci bakış açısının inşa edilmiş çevrenin tasarımında ve yönetiminde Türkiye kentlerini biçimlendirme tarzı eleştirel söylem analiziyle ele alınmaktadır. Analiz bulguları neoliberal dönüşüm ve buna bağlı kentsel politikaların cinsiyetlenmiş kentsel mekânın üretiminde önemli bir rol üstlendiği ve ayrıca bireylerin kentsel alanlara kullanım ve erişimindeki cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini meşrulaştırdığına işaret etmektedir.
John Rawls’un Ev-içi Adalet Yaklaşımının Eleştirisi
Authors: Çağlar Gürgey İrem
Published: August 2021

20. yüzyılın en önemli siyaset felsefecilerinden birisi olan John Rawls’un adalet teorisi zamanının çok sayıda teorisyenini olduğu gibi feministleri de etkilemiştir. Liberal düşünürlerin aile adaletine ilişkin yaklaşımlarını toplumsal cinsiyet açısından sorunlu gören feministler benzer bir problemi Rawls’un adalet teorisinde de gördüler. Bu çalışmada kronolojik olarak Rawls’un temel eserlerinde yer alan aile yaklaşımlarına yönelik feminist eleştiriler ele alınmaktadır.
An Analysis of Gendering of Space in Historical Hospitals of Anatolia
Authors: Disli Gulsen
Published: August 2021

Medical ethics, clinical practices, as well as privacy considerations affected the gender-space relationship in spaces of healing. Researchers to date have been analysed the historical hospitals of Anatolia in terms of their architecture, planning, art history, history of medicine, and even in terms of their functional systems, but not yet regarding their gendered space segregation. There are also limited studies related to the gender, religion, and secularism in historical hospitals outside of Anatolia. Hence, in this paper, historical hospitals of Anatolia have been chosen as case studies and analysed from the point of gendered perspective including how privacy, religion, culture, and gender issues shaped their architecture and planning. In Ottoman Empire, it is known that among the palace elites, there was limited access of women patients to the male doctors, but documented evidence of female attendants being employed in Ottoman hospitals belongs to later periods. In Ottoman dynasty there were also female patrons constructed hospitals for women and for the general public, demonstrating the power and status of women in the Ottoman palace. In addition, based on travellers’ accounts, old drawings, gravures, and archival resources, it is understood that there were separate units for women in Anatolian historical hospital. Those units included the patients’ rooms, wards, latrines, and even courtyards. The research showed that in Anatolian hospitals as the spaces for physical healing and medical training, gendered-space segregation have been acknowledged, at least to some extent in some certain space arrangements.
Functional Classification of Super-Large Families of Enzymes Based on Substrate Binding Pocket Residues for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Applications
Authors: Sirota Fernanda L. , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Li Zhi , Eisenhaber Frank , Eisenhaber Birgit
Published: August 2021

Large enzyme families such as the groups of zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), long chain alcohol oxidases (AOxs) or amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) with, sometimes, more than one million sequences in the non-redundant protein database and hundreds of experimentally characterized enzymes are excellent cases for protein engineering efforts aimed at refining and modifying substrate specificity. Yet, the backside of this wealth of information is that it becomes technically difficult to rationally select optimal sequence targets as well as sequence positions for mutagenesis studies. In all three cases, we approach the problem by starting with a group of experimentally well studied family members (including those with available 3D structures) and creating a structure-guided multiple sequence alignment and a modified phylogenetic tree (aka binding site tree) based just on a selection of potential substrate binding residue positions derived from experimental information (not from the full-length sequence alignment). Hereupon, the remaining, mostly uncharacterized enzyme sequences can be mapped; as a trend, sequence grouping in the tree branches follows substrate specificity. We show that this information can be used in the target selection for protein engineering work to narrow down to single suitable sequences and just a few relevant candidate positions for directed evolution towards activity for desired organic compound substrates. We also demonstrate how to find the closest thermophile example in the dataset if the engineering is aimed at achieving most robust enzymes.
Human iPS Cell-Derived Cell Aggregates Exhibited Dermal Papilla Cell Properties in in vitro Three-Dimensional Assemblage Mimicking Hair Follicle Structures
Authors: Fukuyama Masahiro , Tsukashima Aki , Kimishima Momoko , Yamazaki Yoshimi , Okano Hideyuki , Ohyama Manabu
Published: August 2021

Current approaches for human hair follicle (HF) regeneration mostly adopt cell-autonomous tissue reassembly in a permissive murine intracorporeal environment. This, together with the limitation in human-derived trichogenic starting materials, potentially hinders the bioengineering of human HF structures, especially for the drug discovery and treatment of hair loss disorders. In this study, we attempted to reproduce the anatomical relationship between an epithelial main body and the dermal papilla (DP) within HFin vitroby three-dimensionally assembling columnarly molded human keratinocytes (KCs) and the aggregates of DP cells and evaluated how HF characteristics were reproduced in the constructs. The replaceability of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived DP substitutes was assessed using the aforementioned reconstruction assay. Human DP cell aggregates were embedded into Matrigel as a cluster. Subsequently, highly condensed human KCs were cylindrically injected onto DP spheroids. After 2-week culture, the structures visually mimicking HFs were obtained. KC-DP constructs partially reproduced HF microanatomy and demonstrated differential keratin (KRT) expression pattern in HFs: KRT14 in the outermost part and KRT13, KRT17, and KRT40, respectively, in the inner portion of the main body. KC-DP constructs tended to upregulate HF-related genes,KRT25,KRT33A,KRT82,WNT5A, andLEF1. Next, DP substitutes were prepared by exposing hiPSC-derived mesenchymal cells to retinoic acid and subsequently to WNT, BMP, and FGF signal activators, followed by cell aggregation. The resultant hiPSC-derived DP substitutes (iDPs) were combined with KCs in the invented assay. KC-iDP constructs morphologically resemble KC-DP constructs and analogously mimicked KRT expression pattern in HF. iDP in the constructs expressed DP-related markers, such as vimentin and versican. Intriguingly, KC-iDP constructs more intensely expressedKRT33A,KRT82, andLEF1, which were stepwisely upregulated by the addition of WNT ligand and the mixture of WNT, SHH, and EDA signaling activators, supporting the idea that iDP exhibited biological properties analogous to DP cell aggregates in the constructsin vitro. These preliminary findings suggested the possibility of regenerating DP equivalents within vitrohair-inductive capacity using hiPSC-derived cell composites, which potentially reduce the necessity of human tissue-derived trichogenic cell subset and eventually allow xeno-free bioengineering of human HFs.
The Actin Cytoskeleton at the Immunological Synapse of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández José Luis , Criado-García Olga
Published: August 2021

Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered the most potent antigen-presenting cells. DCs control the activation of T cells (TCs) in the lymph nodes. This process involves forming a specialized superstructure at the DC-TC contact zone called the immunological synapse (IS). For the sake of clarity, we call IS(DC) and IS(TC) the DC and TC sides of the IS, respectively. The IS(DC) and IS(TC) seem to organize as multicentric signaling hubs consisting of surface proteins, including adhesion and costimulatory molecules, associated with cytoplasmic components, which comprise cytoskeletal proteins and signaling molecules. Most of the studies on the IS have focused on the IS(TC), and the information on the IS(DC) is still sparse. However, the data available suggest that both IS sides are involved in the control of TC activation. The IS(DC) may govern activities of DCs that confer them the ability to activate the TCs. One key component of the IS(DC) is the actin cytoskeleton. Herein, we discuss experimental data that support the concept that actin polarized at the IS(DC) is essential to maintaining IS stability necessary to induce TC activation.
Meiotic Cohesin and Variants Associated With Human Reproductive Aging and Disease
Authors: Beverley Rachel , Snook Meredith L. , Brieño-Enríquez Miguel Angel
Published: August 2021

Successful human reproduction relies on the well-orchestrated development of competent gametes through the process of meiosis. The loading of cohesin, a multi-protein complex, is a key event in the initiation of mammalian meiosis. Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion via cohesin rings is essential for ensuring homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and future proper chromosome segregation. Cohesin proteins loaded during female fetal life are not replenished over time, and therefore are a potential etiology of age-related aneuploidy in oocytes resulting in decreased fecundity and increased infertility and miscarriage rates with advancing maternal age. Herein, we provide a brief overview of meiotic cohesin and summarize the human genetic studies which have identified genetic variants of cohesin proteins and the associated reproductive phenotypes including primary ovarian insufficiency, trisomy in offspring, and non-obstructive azoospermia. The association of cohesion defects with cancer predisposition and potential impact on aging are also described. Expansion of genetic testing within clinical medicine, with a focus on cohesin protein-related genes, may provide additional insight to previously unknown etiologies of disorders contributing to gamete exhaustion in females, and infertility and reproductive aging in both men and women.
Vocabulary Growth in Lexical Categories Between Ages 13 and 24 Months as a Function of the Child’s Sex, Child, and Family Factors
Authors: Nylund Annette , Ursin Piia af , Korpilahti Pirjo , Rautakoski Pirkko
Published: August 2021

We examined the vocabulary growth of lexical categories in 719 children (age 13–24 months) as part of a longitudinal cohort study (the STEPS Study) and found a discrepancy in how these categories were affected depending on the child’s sex. In girls, attending day care at 24 months of age predicted a positive vocabulary growth in the lexical categories sound effects, nouns, people, and games and routines, compared to girls staying at home. Firstborn girls had a greater vocabulary growth in descriptive and function words, in contrast to those born later. A boy attending day care at age 24 months was likely to have greater growth in sound effects and animal sounds, compared to boys not in day care. A family history of late onset of speech predicted less vocabulary growth in all lexical categories in boys, except for sound effects and animal sounds. Early vocabulary is of importance for later language and literacy development. Vocabulary is not an impenetrable entirety but consists of various types of words (lexical categories) developing at different tempos as they contribute to the developing language. Factors influencing early vocabulary development in boys and girls have been painstakingly studied, but fewer have examined these factors across lexical categories, let alone whether they have an equal effect in both sexes. More knowledge of what affects the variation in early vocabulary in boys and girls is needed for clinical practice and preventive purposes. Vocabulary was measured with the Finnish version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory. The effect of child and family factors on vocabulary growth in various lexical categories was analyzed separately for boys and girls using structural equational modelling. The results of the present study indicate that vocabulary development in the lexical categories is affected differently by child and parental factors in girls and boys as early as the second year of life, which gives new insights into the factors that need consideration in clinical practice and preventive work.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 3' Untranslated Region of CORIN Associated With Cardiovascular Diseases in a Chinese Han Population: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Zhao Yichang , Yuan Xiaoyang , Zhong Yang , Zhang Yutao , Zhang Shushan , Li Sisi , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zheng Wenjun , Liu Jinqiu , Xia Yunlong , Yang Yanzong , Liu Ying , Chen Feifei
Published: August 2021

Background: Corin is a transmembrane serine protease that activates pro-forms of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. Numerous studies have indicated that corin played an important role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there have been few studies about the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of CORIN and CVDs. The aims of this study were to investigate the associations of three SNPs (rs3749585, rs4695253, and rs12641823) in the 3'UTR of CORIN with CVDs and to find the seed regions of microRNAs (miRNAs) that bind to SNPs of CORIN.

Methods and Results: A case–control study (n = 3,537) was performed in a Han population of northeastern China. CVDs included essential hypertension (EH), atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and coronary artery disease (CAD). Genotyping was performed using high-resolution melt analysis. In the EH-control study, rs3749585T was significantly associated with the risk of EH after adjusting for sex and age in allelic (padj = 0.049; OR: 1.113) and dominant (padj = 0.015, OR: 1.233) models. Rs4695253T was significantly associated with the risk of EH in the recessive model after adjusting for sex and age (padj = 0.005, OR: 2.084). Rs3749585T was significantly and negatively associated with AF in the dominant and additive models after adjusting for sex, age, EH, HF, T2DM, and CAD (dominant: padj = 0.009, OR: 0.762; additive: padj = 0.048, OR: 0.873). In the HF-control study and CAD-control study, none of the three SNPs was associated with HF and CAD after adjusting for covariates in any models (padj > 0.05). The levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in rs4695253CC+CT were lower than the levels of HDL in rs4695253TT (42.47 ± 10.30 vs. 48.0 ± 10.24 mg/dl, padj = 0.008). The levels of total cholesterol (TC) in rs4695253CC+CT were lower than the levels of TC in rs4695253TT (164.01 ± 49.15 vs. 180.81 ± 43.92 mg/dl, padj = 0.036). Luciferase assay revealed that the relative luciferase activity of rs3749585CC-transfected cells was significantly decreased by miR-494-3p, in comparison to cells transfected with rs3749585TT (p < 0.001). A significant decrease in the relative luciferase activity of rs3749585TT reporter was observed as compared with rs3749585CC reporter in the presence of miR-1323 or miR-548o-3p (p = 0.017 and 0.012, respectively).

Conclusions: We found significant associations between rs3749585T and rs4695253T and EH, between rs4695253T and the levels of TC and HDL, and between rs3749585T and AF. Hsa-miR-494-3p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for EH and AF patients in the future.
Deletion of Seipin Attenuates Vascular Function and the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Xing Junhui , Liu Mengduan , Gao Mingming , Liu Yangyang , Li Xiaowei , Hu Liang , Zhao Xiaoyan , Liao Jiawei , Liu George , Dong Jianzeng
Published: August 2021

Seipin locates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Deletion of Seipin has been well-demonstrated to cause severe general lipodystrophy, however, its role in maintaining perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular homeostasis has not been directly assessed. In the present study, we investigated the role of Seipin in mediating the anticontractile effect of PVAT and vascular function. Seipin expression in PVAT and associated vessels were detected by qPCR and western-blot. Seipin is highly expressed in PVAT, but hardly in vessels. Structural and functional alterations of PVAT and associated vessels were compared between Seipin−/− mice and WT mice. In Seipin−/− mice, aortic and mesenteric PVAT were significantly reduced in mass and adipose-derived relaxing factors (ADRFs) secretion, but increased in macrophage infiltration and ER stress, as compared with those in WT mice. Aortic and mesenteric artery rings from WT and Seipin−/− mice were mounted on a wire myograph. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation were studied in vessels with and without PVAT. WT PVAT augmented relaxation but not Seipin−/− PVAT, which suggest impaired anticontractile function in PVAT of Seipin−/− mice. Thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery from Seipin−/− mice had impaired contractility in response to phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation to acetylcholine (Ach). In conclusion, Seipin deficiency caused abnormalities in PVAT morphology and vascular functions. Our data demonstrated for the first time that Seipin plays a critical role in maintaining PVAT function and vascular homeostasis.
Association of IL1R1 Coding Variant With Plasma-Level Soluble ST2 and Risk of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Jiang Wenxi , Wang Xue , Gao Pei , Li Fengjuan , Lu Ke , Tan Xin , Zheng Shuai , Pei Wang , An Meiyu , Li Xi , Hu Rong , Zhong Yongliang , Zhu Junming , Du Jie , Wang Yuan
Published: August 2021

Objective: Aortic dissection (AD) is characterized by an acute onset, rapid progress, and high mortality. Levels of soluble ST2 (sST2) on presentation are elevated in patients with acute AD, which can be used to discriminate AD patients from patients with chest pain. sST2 concentrations were found to be highly heritable in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of variations in ST2-related gene expression with sST2 concentrations and AD risk.

Methods: This case-control study involving a total of 2,277 participants were conducted, including 435 AD patients and age- and sex-matched 435 controls in the discovery stage, and 464 patients and 943 controls in the validation stage. Eight ST2-related genes were selected by systematic review. Tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened out from the Chinese population of the 1,000 Genomes Database. Twenty-one ST2-related SNPs were genotyped, and plasma sST2 concentrations were measured.

Results: In the discovery stage, rs13019803 located in IL1R1 was significantly associated with AD after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0009) and was correlated with circulating sST2 levels in patients with type A AD(AAD) [log-sST2 per C allele increased by 0.180 (95%) CI: 0.002 – 0.357] but not in type B. Combining the two stages together, rs13019803C was associated with plasma sST2 level in AAD patients [log-sST2 increased by 0.141 (95% CI: 0.055–0.227) for per C allele]. Odds ratio of rs13019803 on the risk of AAD is 1.67 (95% CI: 1.33–2.09).

Conclusions: The IL1R1 SNP rs13019803C is associated with higher sST2 levels and increased risk of AAD.