bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trimetallic Synergy in Intermetallic PtSnBi Nanoplates Boosts Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Luo Shuiping , Chen Wen , Cheng Yu , Song Xing , Wu Qilong , Li Lanxi , Wu Xiaotong , Wu Tianhao , Li Mingrui , Yang Qi , Deng Kerong , Quan Zewei
Published: August 2019

Platinum is the most effective metal for a wide range of catalysis reactions, but it fails in the formic acid electrooxidation test and suffers from severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Developing highly active and stable catalysts that are capable of oxidizing HCOOH directly into CO2 remains challenging for commercialization of direct liquid fuel cells. A new class of PtSnBi intermetallic nanoplates is synthesized to boost formic acid oxidation, which greatly outperforms binary PtSn and PtBi intermetallic, benefiting from the synergism of chosen three metals. In particular, the best catalyst, atomically ordered Pt45Sn25Bi30 nanoplates, exhibits an ultrahigh mass activity of 4394 mA mg−1 Pt and preserves 78% of the initial activity after 4000 potential cycles, which make it a state‐of‐the‐art catalyst toward formic acid oxidation. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the electronic and geometric effects in PtSnBi intermetallic nanoplates help suppress CO* formation and optimize dehydrogenation steps.
Multifunctional Metamirrors for Broadband Focused Vector‐Beam Generation
Authors: Ding Fei , Chen Yiting , Yang Yuanqing , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Published: August 2019

Reducing a set of bulk optics‐based components to a single ultrathin and compact element that enables the same complex functionality has become an emerging research area, propelling further miniaturization and integration in photonics. In this work, it is designed and experimentally demonstrated a multifunctional metamirror for focused vector‐beams generation in the near‐infrared range using gap‐surface plasmon meta‐atoms that enable efficient linear‐polarization conversion along with the complete phase control over reflected fields, reproducing thereby the combined functionalities of conventional parabolic reflectors and spatial light modulators. The proof‐of‐concept fabricated metamirror exhibits the excellent capability of radial‐ and azimuthal‐polarization conversion (≈78% and ≈75% on average) and focusing (average efficiency of ≈35% and ≈34%) within the wavelength range of 800–950 nm under x‐ and y‐excitation, respectively. It is further shown that this approach can be extended to realize multifocal metamirrors with distinctly engineered wavefronts focused at different locations in the same focal plane. The multifunctional metamirror design developed in this study opens new avenues in the advanced research and applications targeting photonics integration of diversified functionalities.
A Near‐Infrared Photoactuator Based on Shape Memory Semicrystalline Polymers toward Light‐Fueled Crane, Grasper, and Walker
Authors: Yang Qi , Peng Chuang , Ren Juntao , Zhao Wenpeng , Zheng Wenjie , Zhang Chunyu , Hu Yanming , Zhang Xuequan
Published: August 2019

Light‐driven soft actuators with adaptive shape changes, diverse geometric morphing, and reversible macroscopic movements have gained ever‐increasing interest owing to their diverse applications ranging from biomedical to aerospace devices. Herein, presented is a near‐infrared (NIR) light‐stimulated actuator based on cis‐1,4 polybutadiene‐polyethylene semicrystalline copolymer. In the system, a newly synthesized croconaine dye, 2,5‐bis[(6‐(11‐carboxyundecanoate)hexyl‐4‐carboxylate‐piperidylamino) thiophenyl]‐croconium, serves as both an NIR absorbing agent and cross‐linker. Taking advantage of easy processability, two‐way shape memory, and photothermal effects, the actuators thus‐made can undergo intriguing motions in response to NIR irradiation. As a light‐fueled crane, this material shows outstanding heavy‐lift capability; it can lift an item 11 200 times its own weight, and the lifting up/down motions are fully reversible. Besides, the photothermally induced expansion and contraction enables the actuator with reversible bending motions to serve as other remotely controlled soft robots; a light‐driven grasper that can grasp, lift up, lower down, and release an object and a walking robot that can crawl on a ratcheted substrate.
Iridium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Addition of Methyl Ethers across Intramolecular Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds Giving 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Ohmura Toshimichi , Kusaka Satoshi , Torigoe Takeru , Suginome Michinori
Published: August 2019

Intramolecular addition of an O‐methyl C(sp3)−H bond across a carbon‐carbon double bond occurs in the iridium‐catalyzed reaction of methyl 2‐(propen‐2‐yl)phenyl ethers. The Ir/(S)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS catalyst promotes the reaction efficiently in toluene at 110–135 °C to afford 3,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. Enantioselective C(sp3)−H addition is achieved in the reaction of methyl 2‐(1‐siloxyethenyl)phenyl ethers, affording enantioenriched 3‐hydroxy‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran derivatives with up to 96% ee.

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Tetranuclear Palladium Complexes of Abnormal N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and their Catalytic Activities in Mizoroki‐Heck Coupling Reaction of Electron‐Rich Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Lee Jhen‐Yi , Su Yong‐Siang , Wang Yu‐Shan , Lee Hon Man
Published: August 2019

Based on the ligand scaffold of an imidazolyl/benziimidazolyl moiety and a N‐CH2C(=O)NHPh substituent, two series of ligand precursors with ortho hydroxy groups incorporated on the N‐phenyl rings were prepared. The structural fine tuning of the ligand scaffold allowed the synthesis of tetranuclear palladium complexes with abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) ligands. For precursors with C2‐methyl blocking groups, pyridine‐assisted C−H bond activation led to the formation of mononuclear tridentate palladium aNHC complexes or tetranuclear complexes with tridentate CNO donors. Representative mononuclear and tetranuclearpalladium aNHC complexes were structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction studies, revealing very short Pd−C bond distances. The tetranuclear palladium aNHC complexes were very effective in catalyzing Mizoroki‐Heck coupling reaction, and were capable of employing a range of aryl chlorides including deactivated substrates with low palladium loading of 0.2 mol%.

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The solution of continuous kinetic lumping models using the adaptive characterization method
Authors: Rocha Daniele C. , Lage Paulo L. C.
Published: August 2019

The continuous kinetic lumping models are traditionally solved by methods that discretize the mixture into a large number of pseudo‐components. This works proposes the usage of the adaptive characterization of continuous mixtures, grounded on the direct quadrature method of generalized moments, in the solution of kinetic lumping models, which allows a large reduction in the number of pseudo‐components. Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking problems were used to evaluate this methodology, comparing its results with analytical solutions or results from a classical numerical method. The results showed that the proposed methodology could accurately solve those continuous kinetic models using a small number of adaptive pseudo‐components, leading to a large reduction in the computational cost of simulation when compared to the classical numerical method.
Stanene: A Promising Material for New Electronic and Spintronic Applications
Authors: Lyu Ji‐Kai , Zhang Shu‐Feng , Zhang Chang‐Wen , Wang Pei‐Ji
Published: August 2019

The attractive mechanical and electronic properties of freestanding graphene has led to the exploration of two‐dimensional (2D) materials which can be integrated with contemporary electronics. As a 2D analog of graphene, stanene has become a hopeful candidate for 2D films due to its excellent quantum effects, superconductivity, and thermoelectric properties. Focusing on the promising 2D elemental material stanene, the fundamental electronic properties and experimental preparation of this material are reviewed. The prospects of utilizing the ability to manipulate the electronic properties of stanene for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications are determined.
The Linear Optical Unambiguous Discrimination of Hyperentangled Bell States Assisted by Time Bin
Authors: Gao Cheng‐Yan , Ren Bao‐Cang , Zhang Yuan‐Xia , Ai Qing , Deng Fu‐Guo
Published: August 2019

A linear optical unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell states is proposed for two‐photon systems entangled in both the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom (DOFs) assisted by time bin. This unambiguous discrimination scheme can completely identify 16 orthogonal hyperentangled Bell states using only linear optical elements, where the function of the auxiliary entangled Bell state is replaced by time bin. Moreover, the possibility of extending this scheme for distinguishing hyperentangled Bell states in n DOFs is discussed, and it shows that hyperentangled Bell states in n () DOFs can be distinguished with k () auxiliary entangled states of additional DOFs by introducing a time delay, which decreases the auxiliary entanglement resource required for unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell state. Therefore, this scheme provides a new way for distinguishing hyperentangled states with current technology, which will extend the application of discrimination of hyperentangled states via linear optics to other quantum information protocols besides hyperdense coding schemes in the future.
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of palladium supported on pyridine‐based covalent organic polymer for Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction
Authors: Han Yi , Di Jia‐Qi , Zhao Ai‐Dong , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: August 2019

A bipyridine‐based covalent organic polymer (COP) was successfully synthesized by condensation of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and 2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐diamine (Bpy) under ambient conditions. This material was modified by coordination of PdCl2 to COP framework, affording a hybrid material, Pd@TMC‐Bpy COP, which was applied as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction under ligand‐free conditions in ethyl lactate. The catalyst could be reused for five times without obvious loss of its activity.
Cellulosic nonwovens produced via efficient solution blowing technique
Authors: Jedvert Kerstin , Idström Alexander , Köhnke Tobias , Alkhagen Mårten
Published: August 2019

The demand for nonwoven materials has increased during the last few years and is expected to increase further due to its use in a broad range of new application areas. Today, the majority of nonwovens are from petroleum‐based resources but there is a desideratum to develop sustainable and competitive materials from renewable feedstock. In this work, renewable nonwovens are produced by solution blowing of dissolved cellulose using 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) as solvent. Properties of cellulose solutions and process parameters, such as temperature, flow rate, air pressure, and distance to collector, are evaluated in respect to spinnability and material structural properties. Nonwovens with fiber diameters mainly in the micrometer range were successfully produced and it was shown that high temperature or low flow rate resulted in thinner fibers. The produced materials were stiffer (higher effective stress and lower strain) compared to commercial polypropylene nonwoven. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48339.
Modified sepiolite/PVDF‐HFP composite film with enhanced piezoelectric and dielectric properties
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Tong Wangshu , Wang Jiang , Wang Wenjiang , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Yihe
Published: August 2019

Flexible film with both piezoelectric and dielectric properties is considered to be a potential candidate for the energy conversion and storage devices. In this study, the Li+ and H2O modified sepiolite/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (LiSEP‐H2O/PVDF‐HFP) composite films with both good piezoelectric and dielectric properties were prepared by traditional coating process. When the H2O content was 13 wt %, the LiSEP‐H2O/PVDF‐HFP composite exhibited high d33 of 32 and dielectric constant of 48. Moreover, the effects of the Li+ and adsorbed H2O on the d33, F(β), dielectric constant, short‐circuit currents were discussed. The adsorbed H2O enhanced the β‐phase by the hydrogen bonds and Li+ improved the polarization to realize the composite film with increased piezoelectric and dielectric properties respectively. We expected the common modification to lead other clay minerals realizing the future applications in the adjustment of composites' electric properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48412.
A networked hierarchical control scheme for wide‐area systems: A power system application
Authors: Khayyer Morteza , Farsangi Malihe Maghfoori , Bijami Ehsan
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a new networked hierarchical predictive sliding mode controller for the design of stabilizing signals to damp low frequency oscillations observed in geographically distributed networked power systems subject to communication network constraints. Firstly, through the generic framework of networked systems, a networked model is used for a distributed networked system in which network delays and data packet loss are considered in a wide area measurement system (WAMS). Then a hierarchical predictive sliding mode controller with robust reaching law is proposed to compensate the influence of WAMS communication latency and damp the inter‐area oscillations. For this, firstly, the overall system is decomposed into small subsystems with non‐sparse matrices and lower order; then a new suitable predictive sliding mode controller is designed to provide optimal performance. Furthermore, in order to coordinate the entire system, the gradient of interaction errors is used. The effectiveness of the proposed control framework is illustrated through numerical simulations on a 5‐area, 16‐machine power system with several interconnected areas. Simulation results show the capability of the proposed approach to enhance the networked power systems' damping in comparison with a conventional networked control method.
Extrusion faserverstärkter Textilbetone
Authors: Janissen Lisa , Raupach Michael , Hartung‐Mott Rebecca
Published: August 2019

Durch den hohen Schalungs‐ und Herstellungsaufwand konventioneller Herstellverfahren für Textilbetonbauteile, wie bspw. Gießen, Laminieren, Spritzen oder Schleudern, eignen sich diese Verfahren vorzugsweise für eine serielle Stückfertigung oder für Einzelanwendungen. Das Extrudieren hingegen weist das wirtschaftliche sowie technologische Potenzial auf, ohne zeit‐ und kostenintensive Schalungs‐ und Bewehrungsprozesse kontinuierlich komplexe und filigrane Bauelemente herzustellen. Derzeit wird das Extrusionsverfahren bereits erfolgreich in unterschiedlichen Branchen mit verschiedenen Materialien eingesetzt, um Produkte in verschiedensten Geometrien in hoher Stückzahl und Qualität zu fertigen. Auch in der Baubranche gewinnt das Extrusionsverfahren durch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung der Fertigungsverfahren, wie z. B. der 3‐D‐Betondruck, immer mehr an Bedeutung. Durch den Einsatz von technischen Textilen können die Bauteile aus dem neuen Verbundwerkstoff dünnwandiger gestaltet und die Zugfestigkeit signifikant erhöht werden. Weiterhin können durch die Zugabe von Kurzfasern sowohl die Mikrorissbildung als auch die Festigkeitseigenschaften sowie die Duktilität aufgrund einer optimalen Ausrichtung der Fasern in Extrusionsrichtung gezielt positiv beeinflusst werden. Im folgenden Aufsatz werden die Anforderungen an eine extrudierbare Feinbetonmischung mit Kurzfasern näher erläutert und der Entwicklungsprozess einer geeigneten Textilzuführung in den Extrusionsprozess beschrieben.
A Silatrane:Molecule‐Based Crystal Composite Solid‐State Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Navarro‐Suárez Adriana M. , Johansson Patrik
Published: August 2019

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) are promoted as a promising option towards higher energies and power densities as well as drastically reduced safety risks as compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a composite solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) based on two crystalline materials with two distinctly different ion conduction mechanisms, percolation and ion hopping, is reported. By combining a silatrane (SA; here ethoxysilatrane) with a molecule‐based crystal (MBC; here LiTFSI‐TMEDA) the resulting SA : MBC 2 : 1 crystalline composite shows an appreciable ion conductivity of 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature, and low apparent activation energy, 836 K, for the ion transport. Studies of the overall and local structure show that in the composite the Li+ and TFSI ions are dissociated, and this seems to be mediated by the SA part of the matrix. As a proof‐of‐concept, an ASSB based on this SSE can operate at 50 °C providing up to 105 mAh g−1 during 20 cycles.
Factors affecting sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood
Authors: Pitt William G. , Alizadeh Mahsa , Blanco Rae , Hunter Alex K. , Bledsoe Colin G. , McClellan Daniel S. , Wood Madison E. , Wood Ryan L. , Ravsten Tanner V. , Hickey Caroline L. , Cameron Beard William , Stepan Jacob R. , Carter Alexandra , Husseini Ghaleb A. , Robison Richard A. , Welling Evelyn , Torgesen Rebekah N. , Anderson Clifton M.
Published: August 2019

Rapid diagnosis of blood infections requires fast and efficient separation of bacteria from blood. We have developed spinning hollow disks that separate bacteria from blood cells via the differences in sedimentation velocities of these particles. Factors affecting separation included the spinning speed and duration, and disk size. These factors were varied in dozens of experiments for which the volume of separated plasma, and the concentration of bacteria and red blood cells (RBCs) in separated plasma were measured. Data were correlated by a parameter of characteristic sedimentation length, which is the distance that an idealized RBC would travel during the entire spin. Results show that characteristic sedimentation length of 20 to 25 mm produces an optimal separation and collection of bacteria in plasma. This corresponds to spinning a 12‐cm‐diameter disk at 3,000 rpm for 13 s. Following the spin, a careful deceleration preserves the separation of cells from plasma and provides a bacterial recovery of about 61 ± 5%.
Impact of stent generation on 2‐year clinical outcomes in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease who underwent culprit‐only or multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kim Yong Hoon , Her Ae‐Young , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Hong Sung‐Jin , Kim Jung‐Sun , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo
Published: August 2019

Abstracts

Background

Data concerning the impact of stent generation on long‐term outcomes in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease (MVD) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with culprit‐only PCI (C‐PCI) or multivessel PCI (M‐PCI) are limited.

Methods

A total of 7,266 patients were separated into the two groups, a C‐PCI (n = 4,901) or M‐PCI group (n = 2,365). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as all‐cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and any repeat revascularization. The secondary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of stent thrombosis (ST) at 2 years.

Results

The cumulative incidence of MACE was significantly higher in the bare‐metal stents (BMS) group than the first‐generation (1G)‐drug‐eluting stents (DES) (C‐PCI: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.940; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.389–2.709; p < .001; M‐PCI: aHR, 1.544; 95% CI, 1.099–2.074; p = .038), and the second‐generation (2G)‐DES group (C‐PCI: aHR, 2.271; 95% CI, 1.657–3.114; p < .001; M‐PCI: aHR, 2.999; 95% CI, 1.899–4.704; p < .001). In the M‐PCI group, 1G‐DES showed a higher incidence of MACE compared with 2G‐DES (aHR, 1.639; 95% CI, 1.028–2.614; p = .004). The cumulative incidences of ST in the both groups were similar.

Conclusion

The cumulative incidence of MACE was the lowest for 2G‐DES, the highest for BMS, and intermediate for 1G‐DES in the STEMI patients with MVD after C‐PCI or M‐PCI. However, cumulative incidence of ST in the two different reperfusion strategy groups was similar regardless of stent generation.
Ruptured saphenous venous graft pseudoaneurysm presenting as a pulsatile chest mass
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Nasir , Khan Bilal K. , Hasan Babar S.
Published: August 2019

A 72‐year‐old man with prior history of coronary artery bypass grafting and sternal wire infection presented with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. His coronary angiogram revealed stenosis of the distal left main coronary artery (LMCA) and a pseudoaneurysm of saphenous venous graft (SVG) to right posterior descending artery. Patient developed ventricular fibrillation during admission, and postcardiopulmonary resuscitation, a pulsatile chest mass was observed which was diagnosed with computed tomography as a chest wall collection resulting from rupture of the pseudo‐aneurysm. He underwent percutaneous coronary intervention of the LMCA with drug‐eluting stents followed by successful coil embolization of the SVG pseudoaneurysm. Patient had an uneventful recovery postprocedure.
Patient size parameters to guide use of the Impella device in pediatric patients
Authors: Morray Brian H. , Dimas V. Vivian , McElhinney Doff B. , Puri Kriti , Qureshi Athar M.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To define patient and ventricular size parameters to guide Impella device (Abiomed, Inc., Danvers, MA) placement for mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in small pediatric patients (10–30 kg).

Background

There are few options for MCS in children, and there are no data on minimum patient size requirements for placement of the Impella 2.5 device.

Methods

This was a multicenter study of echocardiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived dimensions of the left ventricle (LV) length and ascending aorta used to define minimum size parameters that are necessary for the placement of the Impella catheter.

Results

Data were collected from 44 cardiac MRIs conducted in healthy pediatric patients and 39 echocardiograms performed in pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy prior to surgical ventricular assist device (VAD) placement. The Impella 2.5 catheter is 7.5 cm from the pigtail to the aortic annulus marker, thus requiring an LV apical length of 7.5 cm to allow the device to function in an unconstrained fashion. In the cohort of patients undergoing consideration for VAD placement, a minimum LV length of 7.5 cm corresponded to a height of 122 cm, weight of 23 kg, and body surface area (BSA) of 0.89 m2. In the MRI cohort, this corresponded to a height of 121 cm, weight of 23.9 kg, and BSA of 0.89 m2.

Conclusion

MCS with Impella devices is feasible in pediatric patients. This study defines anthropomorphic and anatomic measurements to guide providers in patient selection for MCS using the Impella devices.
HPLC and SFC enantioseparation of (±)‐Corey lactone diol: Impact of the amylose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) coating amount on chiral preparation
Authors: Wang Huiying , Wang Qiuhua , Wu Yaling , Cheng Lingping , Zhu Lunan , Zhu Junchen , Ke Yanxiong
Published: August 2019

As an important intermediate of prostaglandins and entecavir, optically pure Corey lactone diol (CLD) has great value in the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, the enantioseparation of (±)‐CLD was evaluated using high‐performance liquid (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In HPLC, the separations of CLD enantiomers on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases with both normal phase and polar organic phase were screened. And the conditions for the enantioseparation were optimized in HPLC and SFC, including the selection of mobile phase, temperature, back‐pressure, and other conditions. More important, it was found that the chiral resolutions were greatly enhanced by the increase of the coating amount of ADMPC (amylose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)) under both HPLC and SFC conditions, which can lead to the increase of the productivity and the decrease of the solvent consumption. The preparations of optically pure CLD were evaluated on a semi‐preparative (2 × 25 cm) column packed with 30% ADMPC‐coated CSP under HPLC and SFC conditions. Preparative performances in terms of kkd are 1.536 kg racemate/kg CSP/day and 1.248 kg racemate/kg CSP/day in HPLC and SFC, respectively.
Second‐Generation Inhibitors of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore with Improved Plasma Stability
Authors: Šileikytė Justina , Devereaux Jordan , de Jong Jelle , Schiavone Marco , Jones Kristen , Nilsen Aaron , Bernardi Paolo , Forte Michael , Cohen Michael S.
Published: August 2019

Excessive mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ and oxidative stress leads to the opening of a high‐conductance channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane referred to as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). Because mtPTP opening can lead to cell death under diverse pathophysiological conditions, inhibitors of mtPTP are potential therapeutics for various human diseases. High throughput screening efforts led to the identification of a 3‐carboxamide‐5‐phenol‐isoxazole compounds as mtPTP inhibitors. While they showed nanomolar potency against mtPTP, they exhibited poor plasma stability, precluding their use in in vivo studies. Herein, we describe a series of structurally related analogues in which the core isoxazole was replaced with a triazole, which resulted in an improvement in plasma stability. These analogues were readily generated using the copper‐catalyzed “click chemistry”. One analogue, N‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl)‐1‐(4‐fluoro‐3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxamide (TR001), was efficacious in a zebrafish model of muscular dystrophy that results from mtPTP dysfunction whereas the isoxazole isostere had minimal effect.
Overview of Transgenic Mouse Models for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Myers Ariana , McGonigle Paul
Published: August 2019

This review describes several transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive cognitive decline and is diagnosed postmortem by the presence of extracellular amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal tau neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex. Currently there is no intervention that cures, prevents, or even slows disease progression. Its complex etiology and pathology pose significant challenges for animal model development, and there is no single model that faithfully recapitulates both the pathological aspects and behavioral phenotypes of AD. Nearly 200 transgenic rodent models of AD have been generated primarily based on mutations linked to Aβ protein misprocessing in the familial form of the disease. More recent models incorporate mutations in tau protein, as well as mutations associated with the sporadic form of the disease. The salient features, strengths, limitations, and key differentiators for the most commonly used and best characterized of these models are considered here. While the translational utility of many of these models to assess the potential of novel therapeutics is in dispute, knowledge of the different models available and a detailed understanding of their features can aid in the selection of the optimal model to explore disease mechanisms or evaluate candidate medications. We comment on the predictive utility of these models considering recent clinical trial failures and discuss trends and future directions in the development of models for AD based on the plethora of clinical data that have been generated over the last decade. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gold Recycling at Laboratory Scale: From Nanowaste to Nanospheres
Authors: Oestreicher Víctor , García Carolina S. , Soler‐Illia Galo J. A. A. , Angelomé Paula C.
Published: August 2019

The market for products based on nanotechnology, and with it the use of nanomaterials and the generation of nanowaste, increases day by day. Among the vast variety of nanomaterials available, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are among the most studied and applied in commercial products. This current situation requires both the development of recovery methods to reduce the amount of nanowaste produced, and new synthetic methods that allow the reuse of recovered gold for new nanomaterial production, keeping in mind both economical and ecological considerations. In this work, a methodology to recover gold from aqueous laboratory nanowaste and transform it into an aqueous HAuCl4 solution was developed, using extremely simple procedures and readily available chemical reagents (NaCl, HCl, H2O2) and allowing the recovery of more than 99 % of the original gold. The experiments were performed by using both simulated and real laboratory nanowastes, and practically the same results were obtained. Moreover, the subsequent use of the obtained aqueous HAuCl4 solution from the recovered gold to produce spherical AuNPs through a seed‐mediated approach was demonstrated. Thus, this work presents for the first time a complete recycling cycle from nanowaste to the reagent and back to the nanomaterial.
OMIP‐061: 20‐Color Flow Cytometry Panel for High‐Dimensional Characterization of Murine Antigen‐Presenting Cells
Authors: DiPiazza Anthony T. , Hill Juliane P. , Graham Barney S. , Ruckwardt Tracy J.
Published: August 2019

This 20‐color flow cytometry panel was designed to resolve the cellular heterogeneity of antigen‐presenting cells and was optimized for lymph node tissue. Reagents were carefully selected and optimized for identification of B cells (B220), neutrophils (Ly6G), monocytes and macrophages (Ly6C, CD169, F4/80), and dendritic cells (XCR1, CD172a, CD11c, I‐A/I‐E, CD24, CD64, pDCA‐1, CD103, CD11b). Inclusion of additional functional markers involved in cell migration (CCR7), co‐stimulation (CD80), and adhesion (ICAM‐1) enabled further phenotypic characterization. Finally, this panel has been tested and is compatible with fluorescently labeled antigens such as Alexa Fluor 488 (Ax488) for the study of antigen‐bearing cells in vivo. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The Quantification of Minimal Residual Disease Pre‐ and Post‐Unmanipulated Haploidentical Allograft by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Wang Xin‐Yu , Fan Qiao‐Zhen , Xu Lan‐Ping , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Chen Huan , Chen Yu‐Hong , Wang Feng‐Rong , Han Wei , Sun Yu‐Qian , Yan Chen‐Hua , Tang Fei‐Fei , Liu Yan‐Rong , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Chang Ying‐Jun
Published: August 2019

Background

This study aimed to determine the impact of the pre‐ and post‐minimal residual disease (MRD) status as well as the peri‐transplant MRD kinetics on clinical outcomes in pediatric ALL patients who received haploidentical allografts.

Methods

A retrospective study (n = 166) was performed. MRD was determined using multiparameter flow cytometry.

Results

Pediatric ALL patients with pre‐MRDneg had a lower cumulative incidences of relapse (CIR) compared to those with pre‐MRDpos (19.7% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.009). Compared to post‐MRDneg group, patients with post‐MRDpos experienced higher CIR (81.0% vs. 15.9%, P < 0.001), inferior LFS (14.3% vs. 66.9%, P < 0.001) and OS (19.1% vs. 66.9%, P < 0.001). In regard to peri‐MRD kinetics, compared with the MRD‐decreasing group and MRDneg/MRDneg group, MRD‐increasing group had higher CIR, lower probabilities of LFS and OS (P < 0.001). Compared to pre‐MRDneg/post‐MRDneg group, a higher CIR was found in the pre‐MRDpos/post‐MRDpos group (66.7% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.001), pre‐MRDpos/post‐MRDneg group (32.0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.016), and pre‐MRDneg/post‐MRDpos group (91.7% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.001). A lower incidence of LFS and OS were found in pre‐MRDpos/post‐MRDpos group and pre‐MRDneg/post‐MRDpos group than in pre‐MRDneg/post‐MRDneg group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses confirmed the association of pre‐MRD status, post‐MRD status, and peri‐MRD kinetics with outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results indicate that, in the pediatric ALL subgroup, not only pre‐MRD status or post‐MRD status but also peri‐SCT MRD dynamics, were associated with an increased CIR after haploidentical allografts. Patients are put into different risk group based on MRD kinetics versus single time MRD status. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Identity‐and‐data privacy forward security public auditing protocol in the standard model
Authors: Zhang Jianhong , Jiang Zhengtao
Published: August 2019

To ensure the intactness of the stored data in cloud, numerous data public auditing mechanisms have been presented. However, most of these existing solutions suffer from several flaws: (a) identity privacy and data privacy of data owner are inevitably revealed to the auditor in the auditing process; (b) the existing public auditing mechanisms with resisting key exposure are only proved in the random oracle model. To address the problems above, in this paper, we propose an achieving identity‐and‐data privacy public auditing protocol with forward security in the standard model by incorporating knowledge proof signature, ring signature, and forward security technique. And then, we formalize the security model of forward security and anonymity of identity, in which the adversary is allowed to query private keys of some ring members. It can provide stronger security. Thus, our proposed scheme can not only achieve data owner's identity privacy and data privacy but also provide forward security for data owner's secret key. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first preserving privacy of identity‐and‐data public auditing scheme with forward security that is provably secure in the standard model. The security of the scheme is related to the computational Diffie–Hellman (CDH) problem and the subgroup decision problem. Finally, our scheme is simulatively tested; experimental results demonstrate that our mechanism is very efficient in terms of overall performance.
A pessimistic method in web service composition by view on execution states
Authors: Alizadeh Roohallah
Published: August 2019

The application of web services in implementing enterprise workflows has recently been prevalent. In this regard, one of the important challenges is to create web service compositions that satisfy quality properties. One of the properties is rollback cost that it must be paid for resolving effects of a web service that its execution is completed. In the previous methods, a web service was evaluated based on whether failure or successful execution state and other two states (in the middle of execution and waiting for execution) were neglected. By considering these two states, it is possible to prevent imposition in a web service rollback cost or reduce it if needed to finally provide the possibility to decrease a web service average rollback cost. Two mentioned states are related to execution time, and it is clear that the proposed solution should be related to execution time.

According to implemented tests, the method not only reduces rollback cost but also causes the execution time to reduce. The reduction in execution time parameter is due to necessary waiting for a web service completion before providing the ability to rollback it in conventional methods, but in the method, it is possible to rollback web service before execution completion and waiting for completion is not mandatory.
Safety, Tolerability and efficacy of Rapid Optimization, helped by NT‐proBNP and GDF‐15, of Heart Failure therapies (STRONG‐HF): rationale and design for a multicentre, randomized, parallel‐group study
Authors: Kimmoun Antoine , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Takagi Koji , Addad Faouzi , Celutkiene Jelena , Chioncel Ovidiu , Solal Alain Cohen , Diaz Rafael , Damasceno Albertino , Duengen Hans‐Dirk , Filippatos Gerasimos , Goncalvesova Eva , Merai Imad , Metra Marco , Ponikowski Piotr , Privalov Dmitry , Sliwa Karen , Sani Mahmoud Umar , Voors Adriaan A. , Shogenov Zaur , Mebazaa Alexandre
Published: August 2019

Aims

Patients admitted for acute heart failure (HF) are at high risk of readmission and death, especially in the 90 days following discharge. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of early optimization of oral HF therapy with beta‐blockers (BB), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) on 90‐day clinical outcomes in patients admitted for acute HF.

Methods

In a multicentre, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group study, a total of 900 patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either ‘usual care’ or ‘high‐intensity care’. Patients enrolled in the usual care arm will be discharged and managed according to usual clinical practice at the site. In the high‐intensity care arm, doses of oral HF medications – including a BB, ACEi or ARB, and MRA – will be up‐titrated to 50% of recommended doses before discharge and to 100% of recommended doses within 2 weeks of discharge. Up‐titration will be delayed if the patients develop worsening

symptoms and signs of congestion, hyperkalaemia, hypotension, bradycardia, worsening of renal function or significant increase in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide between visits. The primary endpoint is 90‐day all‐cause mortality or HF readmission.

Conclusions

STRONG‐HF is the first study to assess whether rapid up‐titration of evidence‐based guideline‐recommended therapies with close follow‐up in a large cohort of patients discharged from an acute HF admission is safe and can affect adverse outcomes during the first 90 days after discharge.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03412201.
Experimental studies of furfural production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes)
Authors: Poomsawat Wijittra , Tsalidis George , Tsekos Christos , de Jong Wiebren
Published: August 2019

Furfural is a very promising product of lignocellulosic biomass‐based biorefineries and has the potential to become a useful resource for further conversion and utilization. Aquatic plants show an enormous potential as feedstock since they do not compete for land use, and they require minimal water consumption in a biorefinery concept due to their very high water content. This work is focused on experimental studies of furfural production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) by means of aqueous, acid‐catalyzed dehydration. The temperature range of the process, and the acid and seawater presence were chosen based on the previous relevant studies. The aim of the study was to determine whether water hyacinth is suitable for furfural production. The experiments were performed between 160°C and 200°C with a water hyacinth concentration of 2 wt%. The results suggest that the effects of acid catalyst presence on biomass dehydration are similar to the case of pure pentose dehydration. Furthermore, the addition of seawater did not have a positive catalytic effect in terms of the furfural yield. The maximum yield was 53.2 mol% based on the C5 sugar content in the original biomass. The furfural yield of 7.9 wt% of water hyacinth input was comparable to the yield of feedstocks such as corn cob, bagasse, and oat's residue and higher than the cases of rice straw or hulls. Thanks to the comparatively high pentose potential, water hyacinth shows promising results as a candidate feedstock for furfural production. A certain variability of pentosan should be taken into account, as the chemical composition of the plant depends on the source and harvesting seasons.
Chemical disparity in the oil from leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume
Authors: Joshi Rajesh K.
Published: August 2019

The hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) collected throughout the year was examined using gas chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography connected with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The variation in essential oil yield was found to be in the range of 1.1–1.4% (w/w). Between 28 and 40 components, representing 97.92 ± 0.15% of the total oil, were identified. The chief compound was identified as eugenol, varying from 60.24 ± 0.42 to 89.82 ± 0.55%. The other constituents were eugenyl acetate (ranging from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 19.87 ± 0.52%), α‐phellandrene (ranging from 0.76 ± 0.04 to 6.23 ± 0.13%), benzyl benzoate (ranging from 0.91 ± 0.05 to 5.03 ± 0.20%), linalool (ranging from 1.11 ± 0.04 to 3.25 ± 0.08%), and β‐caryophyllene (ranging from 0.50 ± 0.01 to 2.92 ± 0.10%). The essential oils collected throughout the year were found to be rich in phenyl derivative constituents (88.49 ± 0.97%). The biosynthesis and conversion of eugenyl acetate to eugenol appeared as the leaves of C. zeylanicum reached maturity. It was noticed that when leaves were immature, in July and August during the full rainy season, the content of eugenyl acetate was found to be highest, as compared with mature leaves in the other months, with the exception of February (flowering season).
New evidence from the Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit for the role of the paleo‐Pacific Plate and Mongol–Okhotsk suture in creating extensive fluorite mineralization in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China
Authors: Zou Hao , Pirajno Franco , Zhang Qiang , Tessalina Svetlana , Ware Bryant , Li Xin‐yu , Liu Hang , Li Yang , Jiang Xiu‐wei , Wei Shao‐yi
Published: August 2019

The Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit is a newly discovered deposit hosted by volcanic rocks of the Early Cretaceous Baiyin'gaolao Formation, which are located in the Great Xing'an Range. Fluorite orebodies within this area are controlled by the NNE‐trending faults. The ΣREE of fluorite samples ranges from 19.18 to 361.22 ppm, with an average of 131.14 ppm. The homogenization temperatures are concentrated in the ranges of 100–150°C and 230–350°C, while the salinity is concentrated in 0.3–1.0 and 2.0–4.5 wt.% NaCl eqv., and the density has ranges of 0.92–0.96 and 0.75–0.8 g/cm3, respectively. The δDV‐SMOW values of fluid inclusions within the fluorite range between −122.3‰ and −105.6‰ with a mean of −115.36‰. The δ18OV‐SMOW of fluorite ranges from −12.0 to −8.5‰, average is −9.9‰. Sm–Nd isotopic data on the fluorite ore yield an isochron age of 122 ± 15 Ma and have ɛNd(t) values ranging from +3.15 to +4.16 and (87Sr/86Sr)i values ranging from 0.704907 to 0.705765. In this contribution, field, petrologic, and geochemical data lead us to the following salient findings: (a) The ore consists of fluorite, quartz, and calcite, with host rock alteration that includes silicification, calcitization, and sericitization. The major element data reveal that the host rocks are a series of highK calc‐alkaline rhyolite. The REEs suggest that F‐rich fluids in this region might have experienced a long‐distance migration. The Tb/Ca‐Tb/La diagram confirms a hydrothermal origin for the deposit. (b) Petrographic evidence and fluid inclusions in the fluorites indicate that this deposit might have two ore‐forming stages. The ore‐forming fluids can be attributed to a NaCl‐H2O‐F system with moderate‐low temperature, low salinity, and low density and have a meteoric water source, with water/rock reaction as the main mechanism for fluorite precipitation. (c) The deposit was formed in an anorogenic within‐plate extensional tectonic setting related to the lithospheric thinning occurring after the Mongolian–Okhotsk Ocean closure.
Tectonic evolution of north‐eastern Tethyan Himalaya: Evidence from U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic geochemistry of detrital zircons
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Genhou , Park Changyun , Santosh M. , Zhang JianQiang , Han Fanglin , Kwon Sung‐Tack , Zhao Zhongbao , Li Dian , Zhou Jie , Tang Yu , Song Yungoo
Published: August 2019

It is well established that the Himalayan Orogen was formed by successive amalgamation of continental slices to the Eurasian continent, with the final collision of the Indian continent. The Upper Triassic Langjiexue Group on the north‐eastern margin of the Tethyan Himalaya has been central to debates on the provenance with diverse models linking it with the northern India, Lhasa terrane, or multiple sources from surrounding terranes including Australia. In order to address this debate, here, we present U–Pb ages, trace element characteristics, and Hf isotope data of detrital zircons. The trace element data suggest that analysed zircons are mostly of igneous origin, with a broad affinity to mafic source rock, and some of the grains showing evidence for hydrothermal alteration. The zircon age spectra show distinct Permian to Triassic age peaks at 200–280 Ma with εHf(t) between −6.1 and 13.4, Neoproterozoic to Cambrian ages at 480–750 Ma with εHf(t) ranging from −24.7 to 8.5, and a broad Meso‐ to Neoproterozoic age range of 850–1,150 Ma with εHf(t) values of −8.1 to 10.1. The age spectra from the Langjiexue Group are in contrast with that of the Lhasa terrane which has pronounced age peaks of 300–325, 550–600, 1,150–1,350, and 1,750–1,900 Ma, suggesting that Lhasa might not be the source of Langjiexue Group detritus. In a similar way, north‐western Australia and the Banda Arc are excluded as sources of the Langjiexue Group. The Hf model age spectra show distinct peaks of 750–800 and 1,200–1,300 Ma, and the second peak agrees with that of the Tethyan Himalaya. We infer that the basin of Langjiexue Group formed within the basement of Tethyan Himalaya in the Triassic and conclude that the sediments were deposited at the passive margin of northern Indian continent. Based on the results, we also propose the palaeogeographic evolution of the Himalayan Orogen.
Source of aeolian dune sands on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake, Qaidam Basin, NW China
Authors: Li Jiyan , Zhou Ling , Yan Jialiang , Cui Xujia , Cai Yingying
Published: August 2019

The aeolian landforms in the Qaidam Basin have drawn increasing attention from geomorphologists for their morphological and formation mechanisms' similarities with their counterparts on Mars and Titan. Using grain‐size and mineral composition data, this study investigated the source of aeolian dune sands found on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake in the south central part of the Qaidam Basin. Results indicate that linear dune sands and gobi surface sediments are mainly composed of fine and very fine sands, while the yardang corridor sands are much coarser, with medium and fine sands in predominance. The curves of the linear dune sands show a standard normal distribution pattern. This is also the case for the gobi surface sediments and yardang corridor sands located away from linear dunes. However, the curves for these two sediment types show much wider kurtoses. The distribution curves for the yardang corridor sands located near the linear dunes are different from the above‐mentioned sediments, which explicitly display bimodal distributions. More mineral types were detected in the yardang corridor sands and gobi surface sediments than in dune sands. But the major mineral compositions of the three kinds of sediments are similar. Contents of typical very stable and stable heavy minerals differ little among the three sediments, while the contents of some heavy minerals with poor stability differ greatly. The relative proportions of quartz, plagioclase, and orthoclase in all three kinds of sediments demonstrate that they all likely originated from the granite and granodiorite rocks of the Qilian Mountain ranges. Therefore, gobi surface sediments and yardang corridor sands near the study linear dune field could be the source of dune sands. Further investigations are needed to determine whether the yardang corridor sands far away from the study linear dune field feed dunes in the Sebei area.