bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Między teoriami
Authors: Kraskowska Ewa
Published: January 2020

Artykuł omawia najnowszą monografię Anny Łebkowskiej pt. Somatopoetyka – afekty – wyobrażenia. Literatura XX i XXI wieku w kontekście wcześniejszych badań i publikacji autorki. Na pierwszy plan wysuwają się tu zagadnienia teoretyczne związane z prozą współczesną, podejście kulturowe w badaniach literackich oraz zwrot afektywny w humanistyce.
Second Movement of Compartment 2, Car 7 for Vibraphone, Violin, Viola and Cello by Paweł Szymański in Light of Cognitive Musical Grammar
Authors: Kostka Violetta
Published: January 2020

The article is composed of two parts. In the first I discuss Lawrence Zbikowski’s Foundations of Musical Grammar, published by Oxford University Press in 2017, which is one of the major musicological works inspired by the latest achievements in cognitive science. Musical grammar, sometimes called cognitive musical grammar by the author, is based mainly on two concepts: an analogy (the mapping of systematic structural relationships between a source domain and a target domain), and a dynamic process (a coherent sequence of phenomena that is distributed over time and typified by parametric modulation or change). The second part of the article is my attempt to apply Zbikowski’s theory to a piece of music. As a musical example I have chosen the second movement of Compartment 2, Car 7 for vibraphone, violin, viola and cello by Paweł Szymański. At the end I conclude that the composer created an analogy between music and a dynamic process known to us from everyday life ─ a journey by train, seen from a passenger’s perspective.
Walking the streets of a virtual metropolis. The audiosphere of the game Grand Theft Auto IV
Authors: Kopaniecki Jakub
Published: January 2020

On the basis of works devoted to the topic of sound studies and video games, the author presents ways of processing and using sounds in order to create virtual phonic spaces. He examines the means by which contemporary game developers influence immersivity, i.e., the process of immersing the gamer in virtual environments, as well as indicating the mutual influences of audial and visual spheres. Analysig the video game Grand Theft Auto IV from the perspective of the sound which accompanies the action, he compares in this respect three areas of the game’s Liberty City with their equivalents in New York on which the virtual city is modelled. The similarities and differences between the digital and virtual spaces are identified, and the reasons for them explained. This makes it possible to show how the use of the tools (explained earlier) employed by the developers of the game enable them to create a credible sounding virtual metropolis.
InMI and its potential originality – musical creativity in composers’ minds
Authors: Copeland Natalia E.
Published: January 2020

The current article explores the potential innovativeness of Involuntary Musical Imagery and presents the current state of InMI researches. There is a lack of precise definition of the term, as well as related terms (such as earworm or musical imagery). InMI is often equated to earworms which does not do justice to its creative potential. Several authors suggest that InMI can be a source of new melodies useful for composers in their composition process. The article proposes that InMI can consist of new melodies and appear as a single event. Composers use their working memory and musical abilities to volitionaly loop the tune in their head, then transcribe it into external realm (notation, recording). Composers can later use it in their creative process. The use of InMI in composing is a matter of individual differences between composers.
Archives and blank spots: scholarly perspectives for recovering Polish music (1794–1945)
Authors: Gmys Marcin
Published: January 2020

In this article, the author tries to present the issue of blank spots in the history of Polishmusic since 1794 (the world premiere of Cud mniemany, czyli Krakowiacy i Górale [The supposedmirtacle, or Cracovians and highlanders] composed by Jan Stefani to the libretto of Wojciech Bogusławski is regarded as a symbolic beginning of national style in Polish music) up to the end of the SecondWorld War. It was a great period in history when Poland twice did not exist as a state (between1795 and 1918 and between 1939 and 1945).At the beginning the attention is drawn to the Polish music in the nineteenth century. Author describes new discoveries such as the Second Piano Quintet in E flat Major (with double bassinstead of second cello) by Józef Nowakowski (Chopin’s friend), and String Quartets op. 1 and monumentaloratorio Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi by Józef Elsner who was Chopin’s teacher in the Conservatory of Music in Warsaw (Elsner’s Passio discovered at the end of the twentieth century isregarded now as the most outstanding religious piece in the history of Polish music in the nineteenth century). Among other works author also mentions romantic opera Monbar (1838) by Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński and first opera of Stanisław Moniuszko Die Schweitzerhütte (about 1839) written to the German libretto during composer’s studies at Singakademie Berlin.  Addressing the issue of Polish music of the first half of the twentieth century author draws attention to the composer Eugeniusz Morawski regarded as the leading Polish author of programme music next to Mieczysław Karłowicz (unfortunately Morawski is still forgotten figure in the Polish musical life).  Among others the importance of symphonic heritage of Feliks Nowowiejski, an author ofextremely popular in Europe during the second decade of twentieth century oratorio Quo vadis, is mentioned. At the end of article, the author takes up the problem of the enigmatic figure of Adolf Gużewski.The whole musical output of Gużewski, whose opera Dziewica lodowców [The Ice Maiden] was applauded in Warsaw and Russian opera houses in the second decade of the twentieth century, is now considered lost.
Formy zagospodarowania mienia Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa po zmianie przepisów z 2016 roku
Authors: Suchoń Aneta
Published: January 2020

The aim of the author of the article was to determine the impact of the amendments to the legal regulations, especially those introduced by the Act of 14 April 2016 on suspending the sale of real estate from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock, on the forms of property development. In particular, it is to determine which of these forms dominate and to indicate the legal conditions related to their functioning.  Among other things, it has been noted the sale of the property from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock has significantly decreased in comparison with the years 2009–2014, while the area of agricultural land being leased is growing. The amendments to the regulations have therefore strengthened the role of leasing in rural relations. Moreover, the National Agricultural Support Centre enjoys greater rights when selling agricultural property from the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock, not only before but also after the contract of sale is finalised. The same is true when it comes to the exercise of the pre-emption right to acquire shares in companies owing agricultural property.
Derecho Agrario: instrumento del desarrollo agrícola y rural
Authors: Mugarra Miriam Velazco
Published: January 2020

L’obiettivo dell’articolo è di presentare le sfide contemporanee del diritto agrario in materia di sviluppo sostenibile delle zone rurali, tenendo conto delle politiche agricole attuate a livello locale, regionale, internazionale e globale. Nello specifico si è cercato di approfondire l’influenza del c.d. approccio territoriale allo sviluppo sostenibile delle zone rurali e la sua importanza per il diritto agrario. Per attuare il concetto di agricoltura sostenibile a Cuba è necessaria un’implementazione decisiva del progresso tecnologico, una moderata, razionale ed economicamente giustificata intensificazione della produzione e un contenimento del degrado della produttività potenziale del suolo. È inoltre inevitabile ampliare e modernizzare l’infrastruttura tecnica delle zone rurali e delle aziende agricole stesse. Oltre alla necessità di aumentare il livello di istruzione e di conoscenza professionale da parte degli agricoltori, come anche il livello di consapevolezza ecologica, queste azioni richiedono un sostegno finanziario tramite stanziamenti del bilancio pubblico e dei fondi regionali. È anche necessario migliorare il reddito agricolo, in quanto esso determina le possibilità di intraprendere investimenti e attività pro-ecologiche, che a loro volta determinano la sicurezza alimentare del Paese. Secondo l’autore, l’approccio territoriale è uno strumento efficace che facilita la gestione pubblica delle zone rurali e contribuisce a un ulteriore sviluppo socio-economico della popolazione rurale.
Unijna pomoc publiczna w zarządzaniu ryzykiem w rolnictwie – wybrane aspekty prawne
Authors: Lipińska Izabela
Published: January 2020

The aim of the deliberations was to determine the scope and principles of granting public aid to support risk management in agriculture. The normative solutions contained in primary and secondary EU law have been analysed. It has been concluded that the specificity of agriculture and the accompanying risk require public support. The granting of aid should be properly shaped and stimulated. This is because of its universality and easy accessibility, which may reduce farmers’ efforts to take independent remedial measures when selecting legal risk management instruments. From an economic point of view, the granting of this aid leads to a change in the relationship between the equity and other production factors in agriculture.
Initiatives based on local resources − new challenges of agricultural law.
Authors: Szymańska Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

The model of sustainable rural development recognises the necessity of local development based on local resources. Investing in the growth of social capital refers to the postulates of implementing an integrated model of rural development, where different local actors engage and cooperate for the common good. Agricultural law also faces these challenges. The social capital of rural areas is characterised by bottom-up activities, locality and territoriality of initiatives, an integrated approach, a partnership action through local action groups, innovation in problem solving, independent management and financing of activities. It encourages local communities to work together to change their surroundings, solve urgent problems, invest in activities diversifying their income, for example through small entrepreneurship, setting up non-agricultural activities, thematic villages, care farms, production of traditional, regional and ecological high quality products, folk handicrafts, crafts.
Dilemmas Related to the Poland’s Participation in the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Tomaszewska Paula , Pohl Artur
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is to show the dilemmas related to the Poland’s participation in the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative. The theory behind the paper is that the Belt and Road Initiative has divided the mainstream of public discourse into two main threads: an optimistic option – one that sees opportunities in the participation in the initiative – and a pessimistic one, highlighting the threats to the security of the Polish state. The authors will answer the following research questions: how is the BRI presented in the Polish public discourse? What are the main opportunities and challenges resulting from Poland’s accession to the initiative? A desk research analysis of all types of Polish-Chinese relations will also be conducted.
Migration Policy as Instrument of Ensuring National State Security
Authors: Burda Mikhail , Gerasimova Irina , Ochacha Margarita
Published: January 2020

In the article, the authors analyse the relationship of political processes, migration policy and national security of the state. The methodological basis of the research is dialectical, comparative and institutional methods. The dialectical method revealed the dynamics, current regularities and contradictions in the formation of the state migration policy. The comparative method contributed to identify characteristic features of the migration policy formation of some EU countries and Russia, taking into account the transformation of political systems. The institutional method allowed exploring the interaction of public authorities with other institutions of civil society. In order to process the empirical evidence, quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The factors of the migration attractiveness of the state, the stages of the migration process and migration risks are considered. In this regard, special attention is paid to the migration crisis in modern Europe. It also analyses the growth factors of the popularity of right-populist parties and the idea of the sovereign migration policy of individual member states of the European Union. Special attention is paid to the description of the implementation plan for the “Prague Process” mechanisms on the example of the integration mechanisms of migrants to Austria and the Czech Republic, the participation of government bodies and civil society institutions in these mechanisms. Some features of the migration system of the Russian Federation are also considered in the context of ensuring national security. The research presents and analyses some statistical data on migration in Russia and global migration in the world.
Political Security in Authoritarian Systems with a Resource Rent Economy: a Result of the „Social Contract” and High Resource Prices?
Authors: Akhremenko Andrei , Shulika Yulia
Published: January 2020

Most researchers believe that states which are rich in natural resources are more able to maintain political stability in comparison to countries without such an access to exceptional profits. However, some rent resource autocracies are unanimously considered fragile, and their ability to extract maximum rents does not always contribute to political and economic security during price fluctuations. Based on the idea that the state’s ability to extract resources imposes on it certain ob- ligations, the research question touches upon the quality of governance as a supposed core factor, which mediates the resource dependence and political security in terms of stateness and the ability to fulfil the “social contract.” The latter is described as implementation of political decisions, provision of public goods and services. However, the quality of governance is substantially different in various autocratic systems. Using casestudy and descriptive statistics, the authors try to reveal the context and ascertain which factors trigger the horizon length of autocrats` political strategies during rising and falling resource prices. The authors affirm that resource dependence negatively affects political security less due to an absence of economic growth during price breaks, and more due to the struggle of political elites for the redistribution of resources, absence of disciplinary mechanisms, weak representation and accountability systems, and poor enabling environments as a basis for quality of resource management. The authors conclude that political security in autocratic resource economies is achieved through the coexistence of political will and triggers, conducive to specifying the length of the planning horizon.
Digital Intervention in National Political Systems in the Conditions of Contemporary Information Society
Authors: Volodenkov Sergey V.
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the phenomenon of digital interference with national political systems in the conditions of the modern information society and the evolution of the Internet as a space of political communications. It is shown that digital intervention is relevant but at the same time a complex multidimensional phenomenon of contemporary politics. In many respects, the potential of the digital interference phenomenon is closely related to the substantive and functional features of the functioning and transformation of the contemporary Internet, which has been actively used when changing political regimes in many countries. The initiatives of countries to form the sovereign national segments of the Internet space are, on the one hand, an attempt to protect their political systems from external influence and invasion, to ensure their own political stability, and on the other hand, they pose risks to the democratic potential of the Internet. The article substantiates the thesis that the phenomenon of interference with elections in actual practice often becomes not so much an objective process as an instrument of information warfare, mass political propaganda and discredit of political opponents, a manipulative tool that can be actively used not only by authoritarian regimes with a low level of democratic development. It is noted that differences in understanding and defining the essence of the Internet by various countries give rise to a significant potential for political conflicts on a global scale. This leads the author to conclude that it is necessary to form institutions that are able to prevent and regu- late information conflicts in the Internet space, as well as reduce global political risks (including risks associated with potential interference in the electoral process of sovereign states), forming a collective responsibility in the functioning of the global Internet.
Non-Governmental Organizations as Actors of Ukrainian Politics of Memory
Authors: Kornievskyy Oleksandr , Rozumnyi Olexii
Published: January 2020

The article investigates the role of non-governmental organizations as subjects (actors) of Ukrainian politics of memory, as well as the mechanisms used by them to influence the formation of the historical memory of Ukrainian society. The authors resort to comparative qualitative research, using an empirical-interpretative version of the method of studying specific cases (case study). The objects of analysis are: the Center for the Study of the Liberation Movement, “Tkuma” Ukrainian Institute for Holocaust Studies, and the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center. The results of the study indicate that NGOs are actively influencing the process of forming the historical memory of Ukrainian society. Methods of such influence can be both direct (through various educational activities) and indirect (through interaction with state institutions responsible for the implementation of national memory policy). The effectiveness of this influence is determined by such important factors as the availability of sponsors with significant financial means and/or lobbyists in government agencies and institutions that are part of the state memory policy infrastructure.
The ‘Museums of the Frontline’ in Stepanakert, or on the Armenian Remembrance of the Armed Conflict with Azerbaijan
Authors: LORENC Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Nagorno-Karabakh is currently considered the most militarized area in the South Caucasus region. The key political decision-makers of Armenia come from Stepanakert. The issue of the future of this territory is an important element of any electoral campaign in Armenia. Any plans to make concessions to the Azerbaijani side are opposed by Armenian nationalist and veteran circles. The memory of the armed conflict with Azerbaijan remains vivid and is reflected in numerous commemorative initiatives in the NKR, as exemplified by the Memorial Museum of the Perished Soldiers and the Memorial Museum – The Union of Relatives of Missing Warriors of the NKR in Stepanakert. These institutions are a synthesis of museum and funeral practices. To quote Aleksander Wallis, replacing ‘monuments’ with ‘museums,’ it may be concluded that they “were created to historicize current events” which “evoke the greatest emotions, tensions and conflicts” and stem from “profound moral needs.” However, unlike monuments whose “artistic shape and symbolic meaning [...] permit different interpre- tations in formal and artistic categories as well as in the categories of meaning, ideology and politics” (Wallis, 1968), the two museums do not give such freedom. Besides commemoration, they also serve the purpose of constructing and consolidating hostility towards Azerbaijan – the raison d’être of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. The conflict is the foundation of the idea of Artsakh and the main political implication of the spatial values represented by the MMPS and MMMW. The unique character of these museums, however, is not related to the politicization of re-membrance, which is a common feature of such establishments, but rather to the short temporal distance between the armed conflict and the emergence of the exhibitions. Consequently, the memory of the museums’ creators has not been ‘borrowed’ and the message of the museums reflects the current attitude to Azerbaijan.
Revisiting Mackinder’s Heartland Theory: Identifying The Emergence of a Complex Power Competiton in the Indian Ocean Region
Authors: Bakare Najimdeen , Toor Minahil R.
Published: January 2020

Competition amongst great powers is not new in international politics. It has traditionally been the driving force for the creation and collapse of empires and states. In the 19th–20th centuries, the British Empire established its dominion in the world over and maintained an uncontested global supremacy. To secure Britain’s global dominance, in 1904, Sir Halford Mackinder dazed the world with his heartland theory. Ever since then, the theory remains one of the most discussed geopolitical theories. The article does not pretend or oblivious of the heaps of criticism Mackinder’s theory has received over several decades, it nonetheless, employs the theory in the context of the contemporary international political environment, with particular reference to the happenings around the Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Arabian Sea. So therefore, the point of analysis here centres around the applicability of the theory and the implications posed by Mackinderian geographical rationalisation in formulating foreign policy around what the article considers as the contemporary pivot area – the Indian Ocean. Through the theoretical understanding of Mackinder’s thesis, the article argues that the Indian Ocean and its adjoining seas corridors and Straits are ‘pivot areas’ potential enough to generate competition amongst regional and global powers. The new ‘pivot areas’ is enormously endowed with natural resources and is the major energy highway(s), upon which global economies are dependent. The article concludes by arguing that a complex power competition (CPC) is brewing along the neo-pivot region.
Central Europe and NATO Transformation 2014–2018
Authors: Gizicki Wojciech
Published: January 2020

The collapse of the Cold-War order in Europe brought about a radical change in the global security system. The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the disbandment of the Warsaw Pact created a situation where the only serious and effective guarantee of stability in Europe was NATO. Central European states, which until that time had been subordinated to the USSR, unequivocally and consistently chose to pursue the Euro-Atlantic direction in their security policy. The decision resulted in their gaining full, even though gradual, membership in the Alliance during the years 1999–2004. The accession process was first completed by the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Central Europe is not free from dangers stemming from national and supranational transformations. NATO is facing the need to increase its activity and systematically ensure joint cooperation and security guarantees as regards all its member states. This is primarily caused by a revival of Russia’s superpower ambitions under the presidency of Vladimir Putin and an escalation of terrorism and cyberspace threats. The decisions and practical actions related to biennial NATO summits are of vital importance in this respect. The text presented here is an analysis of the security of Central Europe within NATO structures in the light of the last three NATO summits: in Newport in 2014, in Warsaw in 2016 and in Brussels in 2018.
Dyscyplina naukowa i tożsamość naukowca
Authors: Melosik Zbyszko
Published: January 2020

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Nowe technologie w pracy nauczyciela edukacji wczesnoszkolnej. Raport z badań
Authors: Iwanicka Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

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Modernization in Israeli Arab Society – Parent Intervention Prog.
Authors: Salah Abo Ganim Sondos Ali
Published: January 2020

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Wartość wychowania w rodzinie luterańskiej w piśmiennictwie staropolskim XVI i XVII wieku
Authors: Nowicki Michał
Published: January 2020

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ÖRGÜT YAŞAM EVRELERİNDE TOPLAM KALİTE YÖNETİMİ
Authors: TANER Bahar
Published: January 2020

Ürünlerde olduğu gibi, örgütlerin de yaşam evreleri vardır ve örgütler yaşam evrelerinde çeşitli sorunlarla karşılaşırlar. Sorunlarını çözümleyebilen işletmeler yaşamlarını sürdürmekte, çözümleyemeyenler ise ortadan kalkmaktadır. Öte yandan günümüzde çağdaş bir yönetim felsefesi konumuna gelmiş olan Toplam Kalite Yönetimi, örgüt kültüründe köklü bir değişim gerektirmektedir. işletmelerin TKY’ni sağlam temellere oturtabilmeleri için, yaşam evrelerindeki sorunları krize dönüşmeden çözümlemeleri, kültürel yapılarında gerekli uyarlamaları gerçekleştimeleri zorunludur. İşletme büyüyüp olgunlaştıkça yaşamını tehdit eden merkezi kontrol, eksik iletişim ve bürokrasi sorunları, örgütte TKY’nin gelişmesini de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu sorunlar krize dönüşmeden, yapılarında bürokrasiyi azaltan, koordinasyon mekanizmalarını kuran ve takım anlayışını geliştiren, özellikle kurucuları TKY’nin gelişmesinde liderlik üstlenen ve kadrolarında gerekli bilgi, beceri ve yeteneklere sahip kişilere yer veren işletmeler, TKY’ni sağlam temellere oturtabilecektir.
HEMŞİRELERİN İŞ GÜÇLÜĞÜ FAKTÖRLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ, İŞ DOYUMU VE ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: YÜKSEL İhsan
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada bir üniversite hastanesinde görev yapan hemşirelerin iş güçlüğünü oluşturan faktörler ve bu faktörlerin iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. İş güçlüğü faktörleri temel bileşenler analizi ve varimax yöntemiyle; iş güçlüğü faktörlerinin iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi stepwise regresyon analiziyle belirlenmiştir. Temel bileşenler ve varimax analizi sonucunda iş güçlüğünü oluşturan 32 madde özdeğeri 1’den büyük olan 10 faktör altında toplanmıştır. Temel bileşenler ve varimax analizi sonucunda belirlenen bu 10 faktör toplam varyansın .6968’ini açıklamıştır. Stepwise regresyon analizine göre; iş güçlüğü faktörlerinin iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeyi üzerindeki etkisinin negatif yönlü olduğu saptanmıştır
TÜRKİYE'DE BAŞLICA AĞAÇ ve ÇALI TÜRLERİNİN YÖRESEL ADLARI
Authors: GÜNAL Nurten
Published: January 2020

This article is on local names of major tree and shrub types that grow naturally and leave significance in vegetation geography of Turkey. Most of these names leave been ascertained from local residents during studies condncted at different places while collecting plunt snipes, which were deterınined later. Their Latin names are according to alphabetical order while their Turkish names are in parenthesis, their local names are given after.
BİR REKABET STRATEJİSİ: KONUMLAMA
Authors: SEZER İ. Füsun
Published: January 2020

The single most important Creative decision in the making of a successful ad or making piece is positioning. This coııcept can apply to basic marketing strategy. it can be constant- the same-for all products created by a company and-for, all media and offers- or it can vary from campaign to campaign. Product position, the way the product is defined by consumers on important attributes- the place the product occupies in consumers’ mind relative to competing products.
ETKİLİ İLETİŞİM GELİŞTİRMEDE AKTİF DİNLEMENİN ÖNEMİ
Authors: CEYLAN Adnan
Published: January 2020

A manager spends most o f his time in communicating with others. For a manager in önder to he able to implement successfully the functions of management he should know and use the effective methods of communication and active listening. communication is the transportation of knowledge and sense from the sender to the receiver with the help of a process of symbols through written, oral, unwritten and/or electronic means o f media. in the pmcess of communication barriers such as noise, filtration, selective perception, feelings, language, gesture and mimics exist. In order to sutpass these barriers, a manager has to use feedbacks and an easy language, to control feelings, to pay attention to the use of gesture and mimics, and to try to develop skills of active listening.
PAZAR PAYI ZAMAN SERİLERİNİN KULLANlLMAŞI İLE MARKALAR ARASI GEÇİŞ MATRİSİNİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK MODEL ÖNERİSİ
Authors: ÇİLİNGİRTÜRK A. Mete
Published: January 2020

Pek çok işletme, planlanmış talep pozisyonlarındaki başarılarını değerlendirirken pazar paylarını dikkate alırlar. Bunun sebeplerinden biri işletmelerin birincil talebi her zaman etkileyememeleri; ikincisi ise endüstriyel satışlarda pazarlama yönetiminin en önemli araçlarından biri olan reklamın etkisinin çok az olmasıdır. Halbuki, piyasa değişkenlerinin işletmenin üretim miktarı kararını vermesi için önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, literatürde yer alan pazar payı tahmin modelleri ve bunları çözme yöntemlerini kıyaslayarak, piyasa değişkenlerinden bağımsız, pazarda değişikliklerin olmadığı kabul edilen, rekabeti ve marka bağımlılığını ölçen bir model önermektir. Tüketicilerin markalar arasında geçişini temel alan model Markov sürecinden yola çıkılarak kurulmuştur. Modeli çözüm yöntemi olarak, amaç fonksiyonu hata karelerin minimum yapılmasına dayandığından kuadratik programlama önerilmiştir.
UN ESSAI D’ÉTUDE COMPARÉE: LE REFLET DE LA PERSONNALITÉ DE MADAME BOVARY DANS KİRALIK KONAK
Authors: AYTEKİN Halil
Published: January 2020

Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun Kiralık Konak adlı romanın kadın kahramanı Seniha ile ünlü Fransız romancısı Gustave Flaubert’in Madame Bovary adlı eserinin kadın kahramanı Emma Bovary arasında çok yakın kişisel benzerliklerdir araştırmacıyı böyle bir kıyaslamalı çalışmaya iten. Romantik karakterlere sahip olan bu iki genç kız, gerçekle düşü ayırt edemeyecek kadar tutkularının esiridirler. Onlar bir anlamda "la maladie du siècle" çağın hastalığına yakalanmışlardır. Yaşadıkları çağda her ikisinin de ait olduğu toplumlar sosyal kültürel ve siyasal alanlarda önemli evrimler geçirmişlerdir. Fransız romancı Flaubert, kendisinin de uzun süre acı çektiği burjuva sınıfının bayalığı karşısında duyduğu tiksintiyi kadın kahramanı Emma’nın dramıyla gözler önüne sermeye çalışır. Türk romancısı için de pek farklı bir şey söz konusu değildir. Yakup Kadri batılaşma girişimleri sonucu Türk toplumunda Ortaya çıkan yozlaşmaya dikkat çeker. Kadın kahramanı Seniha ile yeni neslin kimlik arayışını dile getirir. Kuşaklar arası çatışmayı ele alırken toplumda ahlak değerlerinin nasıl alt üst olduğunu göstermeye çalışır.
Real and Perceived Effects of Caffeine on Sprint Cycling in Experienced Cyclists
Authors: Anderson Dawn E. , German Rachel E. , Harrison Megan E. , Bourassa Keely N. , Taylor Cara E.
Published: January 2020

Anderson, DE, German, RE, Harrison, ME, Bourassa, KN, and Taylor, CE. Real and perceived effects of caffeine on sprint cycling in experienced cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 929–933, 2020—Caffeine ingestion before an exercise bout may provide ergogenic effects on anaerobic performance, particularly in trained athletes. However, the degree of influence of caffeine may be coupled with the placebo effect. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design was used to determine the real and perceived effects of caffeine on anaerobic performance. Ten competitively trained cyclists (9 men and 1 woman) completed 3 trials of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Subjects were given coffee that they believed contained a high caffeine dose, a low caffeine dose, or a placebo 45 minutes before WAnT. Subjects were actually given 2 placebos (decaffeinated coffee) and one dose of caffeine (280 mg). Level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences were found between trials for blood lactate concentration and heart rate. Seven of the subjects (70%) correctly identified the caffeine trial as the high caffeine trial. Time to peak power was significantly shorter for the trial in which subjects incorrectly guessed they had consumed caffeine when given the placebo compared with placebo trial (1.6 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 seconds). Power drop was significantly higher for the trial in which subjects incorrectly guessed they had consumed caffeine when given the placebo compared with placebo trial (524 ± 37 vs. 433 ± 35 W). There seems to be a placebo effect of caffeine on anaerobic performance. Improved performance may result from psychological advantages rather than physical advantages. Coaches may find it beneficial to use a placebo to improve anaerobic performance, especially if concerned about the side effects or cost of caffeine.
Dual-Component Structural Plasticity Mediated by αCaMKII Autophosphorylation on Basal Dendrites of Cortical Layer 2/3 Neurones
Authors: Seaton Gillian , Hodges Gladys , de Haan Annelies , Grewal Aneesha , Pandey Anurag , Kasai Haruo , Fox Kevin
Published: January 2020

Sensory cortex exhibits receptive field plasticity throughout life in response to changes in sensory experience and offers the experimental possibility of aligning functional changes in receptive field properties with underpinning structural changes in synapses. We looked at the effects on structural plasticity of two different patterns of whisker deprivation in male and female mice: chessboard deprivation, which causes functional plasticity; and all deprived, which does not. Using 2-photon microscopy and chronic imaging through a cranial window over the barrel cortex, we found that layer 2/3 neurones exhibit robust structural plasticity, but only in response to whisker deprivation patterns that cause functional plasticity. Chessboard pattern deprivation caused dual-component plasticity in layer 2/3 by (1) increasing production of new spines that subsequently persisted for weeks and (2) enlarging spine head sizes in the preexisting stable spine population. Structural plasticity occurred on basal dendrites, but not apical dendrites. Both components of plasticity were absent in αCaMKII-T286Amutants that lack LTP and experience-dependent potentiation in barrel cortex, implying that αCaMKII autophosphorylation is not only important for stabilization and enlargement of spines, but also for new spine production. These studies therefore reveal the relationship between spared whisker potentiation in layer 2/3 neurones and the form and mechanisms of structural plasticity processes that underlie them.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides a missing link in a chain of reasoning that connects LTP to experience-dependent functional plasticityin vivo. We found that increases in dendritic spine formation and spine enlargement (both of which are characteristic of LTP) only occurred in barrel cortex during sensory deprivation that produced potentiation of sensory responses. Furthermore, the dendritic spine plasticity did not occur during sensory deprivation in mice lacking LTP and experience-dependent potentiation (αCaMKII autophosphorylation mutants). We also found that the dual-component dendritic spine plasticity only occurred on basal dendrites and not on apical dendrites, thereby resolving a paradox in the literature suggesting that layer 2/3 neurones lack structural plasticity in response to sensory deprivation.
Prospective evaluation of autoimmune and non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism in Down syndrome children
Authors: Pepe Giorgia , Corica Domenico , De Sanctis Luisa , Salerno Mariacarolina , Faienza Maria Felicia , Tessaris Daniele , Tuli Gerdi , Scala Iris , Penta Laura , Alibrandi Angela , Pajno Giovanni Battista , Aversa Tommaso , Wasniewska Malgorzata , _ _
Published: January 2020

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and natural course of autoimmune and non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in Down syndrome (DS) children and adolescents.

Design

Prospective multicenter study.

Methods

For the study, 101 DS patients with SH (TSH 5–10 mIU/L; FT4 12–22 pmol/L), aged 2–17 years at SH diagnosis were enrolled. Annual monitoring of TSH, FT4, BMI, height, and L-thyroxine dose was recorded for 5 years. Thyroid autoimmunity was tested at diagnosis and at the end of follow-up.

Results

Thirty-seven out of 101 patients displayed autoantibody positivity (group A); the remaining 64 were classified as non-autoimmune SH (group B). Group A was characterized by higher median age at SH diagnosis and by more frequent family history of thyroid disease (6.6 vs 4.7 years, P = 0.001; 32.4% vs 7.8%, P = 0.001 respectively), whereas congenital heart defects were more common in group B (65.6% vs 43.2%, P = 0.028). Gender, median BMI (SDS), height (SDS), FT4, and TSH were similar in both groups. At the end of follow-up: 35.1% of group A patients developed overt hypothyroidism (OH) vs 17.2% of group B (P = 0.041); 31.25% of group B vs 10.8% of group A became biochemically euthyroid (P = 0.02); and 37.8% of group A vs 51.5% of group B still had SH condition (P = 0.183). Logistic regression suggested autoimmunity (OR = 3.2) and baseline TSH values (OR = 1.13) as predictive factors of the evolution from SH to OH.

Conclusions

In DS children, non-autoimmune SH showed higher prevalence and earlier onset. The risk of thyroid function deterioration over time seems to be influenced by thyroid autoimmunity and higher baseline TSH values.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion: an expert operational opinion
Authors: Young Jacques , Haissaguerre Magalie , Viera-Pinto Oceana , Chabre Olivier , Baudin Eric , Tabarin Antoine
Published: January 2020

Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is rare but is frequently a severe condition because of the intensity of the hypercortisolism that may be dissociated from the tumoral condition. EAS should often be considered as an endocrine emergency requiring an emergency response both in terms of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions. Patient management is complex and necessitates dual skills, in the diagnosis and treatment of CS and in the specific management of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Therefore, initial management should be performed ideally by experienced endocrinology teams in collaboration with specialized hormonal laboratory, modern imaging platforms and intensive care units. Diagnostic procedures vary according to the endocrine and tumoral contexts but should be reduced to a minimum in intense hypercortisolism. Preventive and curative treatments of cortisol-induced comorbidities, non-specific management of hypercortisolism and etiological treatments should be considered simultaneously. Therapeutic strategies vary according to (1.) the intensity of hypercortisolism, the general condition of the patient and associated comorbidities and (2.) the tumoral status, ranging from resectable ACTH secreting tumors to non-resectable metastatic endocrine tumors or occult tumors. The ideal treatment is complete excision of the ACTH-secreting tumor that can be performed rapidly or after preoperative preparation using cortisol-lowering drugs. When this is not possible, the therapeutic strategy should be discussed by a multidisciplinary experienced team in a personalized perspective and include variable combinations of pharmacological agents, bilateral adrenalectomy and non-specific tumoral interventions. Here we discuss the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies including the modern, currently available tools and emphasize on the operational effectiveness of care.
A History and Methodology of Research of the Subnational Topic in Political Science
Authors: Hnatiuk Volodymyr Viktorovych
Published: January 2020

Subnational topic has come a long way from its inception fifty years ago to formation of an independent research direction. This period consists of three phases. In the first phase (early 1970’s – mid 90’s) scholars start discussing a topic that was still unexplored at the time and examine it as a fragmentary part of whole studies. The second phase (mid 1990’s – first half of 2010’s) sees changes in methodology: studies become more complex, focused solely on subnational phenomena and are carried out using a special tool – the subnational comparative method. A methodological dichotomy is outlined as a model for the analysis of subnational regimes and their types, as well. Finally, the third (current) phase (mid 2010’s – present) is where the key changes take place: formation of independent research direction, overcoming theoretical constructs (whole-national bias and federal monism) and increase of complexity and depth of political studies. These features are entrenched in the form of methodological synthesis as a modern model for the analysis of subnational regimes and their types. The article focuses on the coverage of the classical and the modern foundations of the subnational comparative method. The author notes that modern methodology juxtaposes with ontology in the context of subnational discourse. However, in the process of studying such issues there is an urgent need to clarify, update and supplement some methodological foundations of the method.
МETALLURGY CENTER XI – XII CENTURES IN VYSHGOROD HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RESERVE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS, 1989)
Authors: Bibikov Dmytro
Published: January 2020

For the first time, the author introduces materials for production complexes that were discovered during archaeological excavations in 1989 in the western part of the Vyshgorod post (Nizhny Dorohozhichi tract). The author states that their re-interpretation allows tracing almost all the basic stages of iron production and processing. This re-interpretation is essential because today there is no consensus among leading national specialists in the field of identifying a specific set of features that would be able to confidently interpret heat engineering devices and correlate them with the individual stages of iron production and processing. The analysis of the existing ceramic complex allowed the author to conclude on the dating of the production complexes in the second half of the XI - the first half of the XII century. Dwellings in which smith metallurgists kept their instruments are also dated, indicating their synchronicity. The author notes that almost all workshops were moved to the periphery because of the fire danger - they were located in the western (near the big ravine) and northeast suburbs of the metallurgical centre. It is emphasized that pits for burning coal were arranged near the raw hollows. The author once again refutes the hypothesis about the separation of metallurgical and blacksmithing crafts and the exclusively rural nature of the metal industry, as opposed to the urban nature of metalworking. It is noted that the vast majority of metallurgical furnaces had a relatively simple construction and relatively low production capacity, due to their small working volume. It is established that the range of metal products, which was presented among the materials of the excavations, is generally traditional for the ancient city. These are household items, handicrafts and agricultural implements, elements of the rider's weapons and equipment. The resident of one of the dwellings specialized in the manufacture of knives. However, as the author states, there were no metallographic analyzes that would determine the technological features of the Vyshgorod metal products from the 1989 excavations.
GORODNYA – KYIV DEFENSIVE WALLS IN IX–XIII CENTURIES. PART THREE. ZABOROLA (UPPER PART OF A FORTRESS WALL)
Authors: Lukianchenko Vadym
Published: January 2020

In the article, the author continues to investigate questions about the structural and functional features of the defence structures of the city of Kyiv in the IX-XIII centuries. He believes that when studying the fortifications of the times of Kievan Rus, it is necessary to consider them in unity with the tactics of siege and defence of that time. A proper understanding of the development of defence structures, their various types and constructions, cannot be achieved without considering these structures in terms of tactical principles and tactical requirements imposed on them in combat use.Based on the analysis of scientific literature, elaboration of chronicle and archaeological sources, the author concludes that the city defensive fortifications in the period under study were wooden bunk structures. The first tier consisted of hollow three- or four-walled gardens that formed the basis of the defensive wall. If the gardens were not clogged, they were used for various purposes (such as warehouses). The first tier of four-walled gardens could have several floors. The second tier of fortifications is a battlefield (forbidden) - a particular lightweight structure that allowed to shoot at the enemy from above and served to protect the soldiers who defended the walls. As the bans are not archaeologically presented, the author relies on written sources for their reconstruction. It identifies three main types of prohibitions. The first, the simplest type, consisted of a combat course (site) and a palisade or "shields" filled with vertically chipped boards, with a vertical archery gun cut through the field. The second, most common, type consisted of covered fighting. On the side of the field, it was protected by vertically mounted chipped boards with arrows and "doors", which opened stones, spears or poured boiling water. It was a light beam-pillar structure, covered with a sloping roof (with a steep slope on the side of the field). The third type of prohibitions consisted of a combat course, a solid gallery running from the side of the settlement, and structures made of four-walled cages and walls between them from horizontally laid logs - from the side of the field. A gable roof covered all this with a cantilever overhang over the gallery by the settlement.