bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of e‐portfolio in undergraduate clinical dentistry: How trainees select and reflect on evidence
Authors: Greviana Nadia , Mustika Rita , Soemantri Diantha
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Self‐reflection is a fundamental part of health professional development, especially in the unstructured clinical stage of dentistry, medical and health profession education, since it plays important role in experiential learning. A portfolio—both conventional and digital—records various aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes over a long period of time to help students develop their professionalism by conducting self‐reflection. This study aims to explore the process of selecting and reflecting on professionalism evidence recorded in e‐portfolios during undergraduate clinical dentistry training.

Method

This pilot study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological design. The selection of respondents was conducted using a maximum variety sampling method. Following a 6‐week pilot programme, a total of six in‐depth interviews and five focus group discussions were conducted with undergraduate students representing different clinical rotations to explore the process conducted by undergraduate clinical dentistry students in e‐portfolio development. The study of documents was also conducted on the respondents' reflective writing from the e‐portfolio back‐end data to explore their self‐reflection skills.

Result

The results of the present study highlighted two different approaches used amongst trainees in developing a reflective e‐portfolio: selective and non‐selective. The observed reflective e‐portfolio utilisation frequency and trainees' self‐reflection skills were low, with several affecting factors identified. These identified factors consisted of external factors, such as the undergraduate clinical dentistry programme curriculum, the hidden curriculum, the availability of feedback, the availability of role models, and features of the e‐portfolio and internal factors, such as understanding the self‐reflection concept, the availability of time and mood, cultural factors, and understanding the content reflected.

Conclusion

Through the process of independently selecting and recording learning activities in e‐portfolios as well as repeatedly conducting self‐reflection, trainees can improve their overall reflective abilities. However, producing a systematic approach to forming a reflective learning environment is necessary to aid the implementation of reflective e‐portfolios, especially at the early stage of e‐portfolio implementation.
Reevaluating the role of ferritin in the diagnosis of adult secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Naymagon Leonard , Tremblay Douglas , Mascarenhas John
Published: January 2020

Background

The standard diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) include hyperferritinemia to >500 ng/mL. This ferritin threshold is based on pediatric data, and evidence for its application among adults with secondary HLH is lacking.

Objective and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study assessing the relationship between extreme hyperferritinemia and adult secondary HLH at our institution. All adult inpatients seen over a 10‐year period, with serum ferritin >5000 ng/mL, were included.

Results

Among 1055 patients with serum ferritin >5000 ng/mL, there were 69 cases of HLH (HLH prevalence of 6.5%). Mean ferritin among HLH patients was 70 398 ng/mL (SD 122 908), median 40 019 ng/mL (IQR 16 051‐68 326). The prevalence of HLH only reached 50% as serum ferritin approached 90 000 ng/mL. A variety of conditions were contributory to hyperferritinemia, most commonly bacterial sepsis (33%), hematologic malignancy (29%), renal failure (24%), and liver injury (18%). The optimal cutoff ferritin for diagnosis of HLH was 16 000 ng/mL (sensitivity 79.4%, specificity 79.2%, PPV 20.9%, and NPV 98.2%).

Conclusions

The threshold ferritin levels used in diagnostic criteria for adult secondary HLH are too low to be clinically relevant, and efforts should be undertaken to revise them upward. Similar reappraisals should be taken of the other criteria used to diagnose adult HLH.
Benefits of Boredom: An ‘Interlopers’ Experience of Conducting Participant Observation on the Production Line
Authors: Pass Sarah
Published: January 2020

Embracing a lyrical style of writing, the paper discusses the advantages of conducting participant observation and calls for its increased use in business and management research, especially the field of human resource management (HRM). In a sector dominated by quantitative research methods, we are left with many unanswered questions about organisational life. While surveys have provided us with an abundance of ‘hard’ data, it has resulted in a lack of depth and understanding around the employee experience. Reflecting on a research project that explored the concept of high‐performance work systems (HPWS), the paper discusses a chance opportunity to undertake participant observation and how the experience not only changed the focus of the research project but provided a depth and understanding currently missing from the HRM/HPWS paradigm. Structured around ‘lessons learnt’, the paper calls for methodological eclecticism and hopes to encourage others to become ‘interlopers’ and embrace the benefits of conducting participant observation.
Mortality and morbidity of patients with treated and untreated epilepsy in New Zealand
Authors: Hamilton Kristen Joy , Chen Zhibin , Tomlin Andrew , Kwan Patrick
Published: January 2020

Objective

To investigate whether delayed or no treatment was associated with increased mortality and morbidity risks in people with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Methods

We examined New Zealand hospitalization and antiseizure medication prescription data from 2007‐2015. Mortality and hospital‐diagnosed morbidities were compared between patients immediately treated after epilepsy diagnosis, treated after a delay, or untreated for the duration of follow‐up, adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity.

Results

Three thousand three hundred sixty‐six patients (54.7% male, median age = 37.5 years) were included and followed up for a median of 3.39 years. A total of 3123 (92.8%) patients were treated immediately, 125 (3.7%) had delayed treatment, and 118 (3.5%) were untreated. Compared to the general New Zealand population, the cohort had a standardized mortality ratio of 4.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.24‐4.99). Maori patients were less likely to be treated (Holm‐Bonferroni adjusted P = .024) and had higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08‐1.83). There was a trend of increased mortality in the untreated or delayed treatment group compared to the immediate treatment group (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.99‐1.87). Hospitalization risk was similar between untreated and immediately treated periods (P = .83). Untreated or delayed treatment patients had higher risk of acute myocardial infarction (HR = 9.64, 95% CI = 1.83‐50.8). Maori patients were more likely to develop liver disease (HR = 4.67, 95% CI = 1.32‐16.4) and alcohol or drug dependence (HR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.44‐4.51).

Significance

Most epilepsy patients were treated at diagnosis in New Zealand, but Maori patients had lower treatment rates and worse health outcomes. The apparent increased risk of acute myocardial infarction among the untreated or delayed treatment patients warrants further research.
Traffic noise differentially impacts call types in a Japanese treefrog (Buergeria japonica)
Authors: Legett Henry D. , Madden Ryan P. , Aihara Ikkyu , Bernal Ximena E.
Published: January 2020

Acoustic noise from automobile traffic impedes communication between signaling animals. To overcome the acoustic interference imposed by anthropogenic noise, species across taxa adjust their signaling behavior to increase signal saliency. As most of the spectral energy of anthropogenic noise is concentrated at low acoustic frequencies, species with lower frequency signals are expected to be more affected. Thus, species with low‐frequency signals are under stronger pressure to adjust their signaling behaviors to avoid auditory masking than species with higher frequency signals. Similarly, for a species with multiple types of signals that differ in spectral characteristics, different signal types are expected to be differentially masked. We investigate how the different call types of a Japanese stream breeding treefrog (Buergeria japonica) are affected by automobile traffic noise. Male B. japonica produce two call types that differ in their spectral elements, a Type I call with lower dominant frequency and a Type II call with higher dominant frequency. In response to acoustic playbacks of traffic noise, B. japonica reduced the duration of their Type I calls, but not Type II calls. In addition, B. japonica increased the call effort of their Type I calls and decreased the call effort of their Type II calls. This result contrasts with prior studies in other taxa, which suggest that signalers may switch to higher frequency signal types in response to traffic noise. Furthermore, the increase in Type I call effort was only a short‐term response to noise, while reduced Type II call effort persisted after the playbacks had ended. Overall, such differential effects on signal types suggest that some social functions will be disrupted more than others. By considering the effects of anthropogenic noise across multiple signal types, these results provide a more in‐depth understanding of the behavioral impacts of anthropogenic noise within a species.
Effects of laser peening on the fatigue strength and defect tolerance of aluminum alloy
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Kogishi Yuta , Shibuya Norihito , Kumeno Fumiaki
Published: January 2020

The effects of laser peening (LP) on the bending fatigue strength of the 7075‐T651 aluminum alloy were investigated. Accordingly, the defect tolerance of the aluminum alloy subjected to LP is discussed on the basis of fracture mechanics. The results indicate that a deeper compressive residual stress was induced by LP compared with the case of shot peening (SP). The fatigue strengths increased when both peening types were used. Semicircular slits with depths less than 0.4 and 0.1 mm were rendered harmless on the basis of the applications of LP and SP, respectively. The apparent threshold stress intensity factor range ΔKth,ap increased by approximately five and two times owing to LP and SP, respectively. The increase of the ΔKth,ap was caused by the compressive residual stress induced by the peening. The Kitagawa‐Takahashi diagram of the laser‐peened specimens shows that the defect tolerance of the aluminum alloy was improved by LP.
Impact of forest plantation on methane emissions from tropical peatland
Authors: Deshmukh Chandra S. , Julius Dony , Evans Chris D. , Nardi  , Susanto Ari P. , Page Susan E. , Gauci Vincent , Laurén Ari , Sabiham Supiandi , Agus Fahmuddin , Asyhari Adibtya , Kurnianto Sofyan , Suardiwerianto Yogi , Desai Ankur R.
Published: January 2020

Tropical peatlands are a known source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, but their contribution to atmospheric CH4 is poorly constrained. Since the 1980s, extensive areas of the peatlands in Southeast Asia have experienced land‐cover change to smallholder agriculture and forest plantations. This land‐cover change generally involves lowering of groundwater level (GWL), as well as modification of vegetation type, both of which potentially influence CH4 emissions. We measured CH4 exchanges at the landscape scale using eddy covariance towers over two land‐cover types in tropical peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia: (a) a natural forest and (b) an Acacia crassicarpa plantation. Annual CH4 exchanges over the natural forest (9.1 ± 0.9 g CH4 m−2 year−1) were around twice as high as those of the Acacia plantation (4.7 ± 1.5 g CH4 m−2 year−1). Results highlight that tropical peatlands are significant CH4 sources, and probably have a greater impact on global atmospheric CH4 concentrations than previously thought. Observations showed a clear diurnal variation in CH4 exchange over the natural forest where the GWL was higher than 40 cm below the ground surface. The diurnal variation in CH4 exchanges was strongly correlated with associated changes in the canopy conductance to water vapor, photosynthetic photon flux density, vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature. The absence of a comparable diurnal pattern in CH4 exchange over the Acacia plantation may be the result of the GWL being consistently below the root zone. Our results, which are among the first eddy covariance CH4 exchange data reported for any tropical peatland, should help to reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of CH4 emissions from a globally important ecosystem, provide a more complete estimate of the impact of land‐cover change on tropical peat, and develop science‐based peatland management practices that help to minimize greenhouse gas emissions.
Copper Isotopic Analysis in Geological and Biological Reference Materials by MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Sullivan Kaj , Layton‐Matthews Daniel , Leybourne Matthew , Kidder James , Mester Zoltán , Yang Lu
Published: January 2020

The characterisation of relative copper isotope amount ratios (δ65Cu) helps constrain a variety of geochemical processes occurring in the geosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. The accurate and precise determination of δ65Cu in matrix reference materials is crucial in the effort to validate measurement methods. With the goal of expanding the number and variety of available geological and biological materials, we have characterised the δ65Cu values of ten reference materials by MC‐ICP‐MS using C‐SSBIN model for mass bias correction. SGR‐1b (Green River shale), DOLT‐5 (dogfish liver), DORM‐4 (fish protein), TORT‐3 (lobster hepatopancreas), MESS‐4 (marine sediment) and PACS‐3 (marine sediment) have for the first time been characterised for δ65Cu. Additionally, four reference materials (with published δ65Cu values) have been characterised: BHVO‐1 (Hawaiian basalt), BIR‐1 (Icelandic basalt), W‐2a (diabase) and Seronorm™ Trace Elements Serum L‐1 (human serum). The reference materials measured in this study possess complex and varied matrices with copper mass fractions ranging from 1.2 µg g−1 to 497 µg g−1 and δ65Cu values ranging from −0.20‰ to 0.52‰ with a mean expanded uncertainty of ± 0.07‰ (U, k = 2), covering much of the natural copper isotope variability observed in the environment.
DEC1 regulates the rhythmic expression of PPARγ target genes involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue
Authors: Noshiro Mitsuhide , Kawamoto Takeshi , Nakashima Ayumu , Ozaki Noritsugu , Saeki Masayumi , Honda Kiyomasa , Fujimoto Katsumi , Kato Yukio
Published: January 2020

Previously, we found that the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcriptional repressor DEC1 interacts with the PPARγ:RXRα heterodimer, a master transcription factor for adipogenesis and lipogenesis, to suppress transcription from PPARγ target genes (Noshiro et al., Genes to Cells, 2018, 23:658‐669). Because the expression of PPARγ and several of its target genes exhibits circadian rhythmicity in white adipose tissue (WAT), we examined the expression profiles of PPARγ target genes in wild‐type and Dec1−/− mice. We found that the expression of PPARγ target genes responsible for lipid metabolism, including the synthesis of triacylglycerol from free fatty acids (FFAs), lipid storage and the lipolysis of triacylglycerol to FFAs, oscillates in a circadian manner in WAT. Moreover, DEC1 deficiency led to a marked increase in the expression of these genes at night (Zeitgeber times 16 and 22), resulting in disruption of circadian rhythms. Serum FFA levels in wild‐type mice also showed circadian oscillations, but these were disrupted by DEC1 deficiency, leading to reduced FFA levels. These results suggest that PPARγ:RXRα and DEC1 cooperatively generate the circadian expression of PPARγ target genes through PPAR‐responsive elements in WAT.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Motivational Interviewing on Initiating Behavioral Therapy for Migraine
Authors: Minen Mia T. , Sahyoun Gabriella , Gopal Ariana , Levitan Valeriya , Pirraglia Elizabeth , Simon Naomi M. , Halpern Audrey
Published: January 2020

Background

Relaxation, biofeedback, and cognitive behavioral therapy are evidence‐based behavioral therapies for migraine. Despite such efficacy, research shows that only about half of patients initiate behavioral therapy recommended by their headache specialists.

Objective

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a widely used method to help patients explore and overcome ambivalence to enact positive life changes. We tested the hypothesis that telephone‐based MI would improve initiation, scheduling, and attending behavioral therapy for migraine.

Methods

Single‐blind randomized controlled trial comparing telephone‐based MI to treatment as usual (TAU). Participants were recruited during their appointments with headache specialists at two sites of a New York City medical center. Inclusion criteria: ages from 16 to 80, migraine diagnosis by United Council of Neurologic Subspecialty fellowship trained and/or certified headache specialist, and referral for behavioral therapy for prevention in the appointment of recruitment. Exclusion criteria: having done behavioral therapy for migraine in the past year. Participants in the MI group received up to 5 MI calls. TAU participants were called after 3 months for general follow‐up data. The prespecified primary outcome was scheduling a behavioral therapy appointment, and secondary outcomes were initiating and attending a behavioral therapy appointment.

Results

76 patients were enrolled and randomized (MI = 36, TAU = 40). At baseline, the mean number of headache days was 12.0 ± 9.0. Self‐reported anxiety was present for 36/52 (69.2%) and depression for 30/52 (57.7%). Follow‐up assessments were completed for 77.6% (59/76, MI = 32, TAU = 27). The mean number of MI calls per participant was 2.69 ± 1.56 [0 to 5]. There was a greater likelihood of those in the MI group to initiating an appointment (22/32, 68.8% vs 11/27, 40.7%, P = .0309). There were no differences in appointment scheduling or attendance. Reasons stated for not initiating behavioral therapy were lack of time, lack of insurance/funding, prioritizing other treatments, and travel plans.

Conclusions

Brief telephone‐based MI may improve rates of initiation of behavioral therapy for migraine, but other barriers appear to lessen the impact on scheduling and attending behavioral therapy appointments.
Improved green strength of ceramic bodies through extrusion using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as binder
Authors: Jiang Guang‐Peng , Tao Dong‐Liang
Published: January 2020

Different amounts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and starch in the form of powder were utilized as binder in the extrusion of silicon nitride green bodies. Their three‐point flexural strength and microstructure of fracture surface are investigated. It is found that HPMC can markedly improve the green strength compared with the use of starch. The bending strength with 10% HPMC addition is 29.3 ± 3.1 MPa, which is approximately 7.5 times that of starch counterpart. The dramatic improvement of strength can be attributed to the rough fiber‐like HPMC particles, which were aligned along the direction of extrusion and were pulled out during bending tests. This work represents a step towards a simple but effective way to extrude high‐strength ceramic green bodies.
Validation software tool (ValT) for predictive microbiology based on the acceptable prediction zones method
Authors: Oscar Thomas P.
Published: January 2020

A study was undertaken to develop a user‐friendly software tool (ValT) for validation of predictive models based on the acceptable prediction zones (APZ) method. ValT was developed in Excel and was demonstrated using a newly developed growth model for Salmonella and chicken skin. The model provided acceptable predictions when the proportion (p) of residuals in the APZ was ≥0.70 and there were no local prediction problems. The pAPZ were 0.97 for dependent data (n = 360), 0.93 for interpolation data (n = 160) and 0.88 for extrapolation data (n = 180) to kosher chicken skin. There were no local prediction problems, and all sets of data satisfied the test data criteria of the APZ method. Thus, the model was successfully validated for interpolation and for extrapolation to kosher chicken skin. It is hoped that the new software tool will make it easier to validate models using the APZ method.
Antioxidant and apoptotic potential of protein isolates derived from Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
Authors: Thumbrain Dinelle , Dwarka Depika , Gerrano Abe S. , Mellem John J.
Published: January 2020

Projected mortalities from cancer are expected to continue escalating, with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens having extensive side effects, hence the need for therapeutics capable of terminating cancer cells selectively, through apoptosis. Therapeutic protein isolates bind specifically to target proteins inducing cell death in vitro and in vivo in various cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed at observing the antioxidant and anticancer potential of protein isolates from five cowpea cultivars (Glenda, Embu buff, Makhatini, Veg Cowpea 2 and Veg Cowpea 3). Cytotoxicity was conducted on cancerous and non‐cancerous cell lines. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry, and caspase‐3/7 activity was determined. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that Embu buff was the pre‐eminent inhibitor of cancerous cells, while also acting as a protecting mediator in a stressed non‐cancerous cell line by causing a reversal in apoptotic activity. Therefore, cowpea isolates show high potential as candidates for the therapeutic intrusion of cancer.
Development and evaluation of a multimodality simulation disaster education and training program for hospital nurses
Authors: Noh Jiyoung , Oh Eui Geum , Kim So Sun , Jang Yeon Soo , Chung Hyun Soo , Lee Ogcheol
Published: January 2020

Aim: To develop a multimodality simulation program for hospital nurses to enhance their disaster competency and evaluate the effect of the program.

Methods: The program implementation started in October 2016 and ended in December 2016. It was developed using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Evaluation consisted of formative assessment and summative assessment. Formative assessment was performed during triage, crisis management, and problem‐solving simulation programs through direct feedback and debriefing from the teacher. Summative assessment was performed using the Kirkpatrick curriculum evaluation framework.

Results: Needs assessment using the modified Delphi survey resulted in these competencies for hospital disaster nursing: triage, incident command, surge capacity, life‐saving procedures, and special situations. Each competency was matched with the appropriate simulation modalities. A total of 40 emergency nurses participated in the study program. The evaluation of the program resulted in improvement in perception, crisis management, problem solving, and technical skills in disaster nursing.

Conclusion: Multimodality simulation training program was developed to enhance the competency of hospital nurses in disaster response. All participants improved their disaster response competencies significantly. The program that was developed in this study could be used as a fundamental tool in future research in disaster curriculum development.
Factors associated with quality of life among mothers of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Farajzadeh Ata , Maroufizadeh Saman , Amini Malek
Published: January 2020

Aim

To identify the factors pertaining to the quality of life (QOL) among the mothers of patients with cerebral palsy.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 203 mothers of children with cerebral palsy were selected using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF), the Beck Depression Inventory, the Caregiver Difficulties Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and a demographic information questionnaire were administered to these caregivers. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect the factors associated with QOL.

Results

Moderate to high significant negative correlations were observed between all WHOQOL‐BREF domains and the other measures. The demographic/clinical variables were controlled, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was run. The results indicated that depression, the burden of care, fatigue, and the type of cerebral palsy could significantly predict QOL in these mothers. Furthermore, QOL was lower in the mothers of children with tetraplegia than those of children with other types of disabilities (P < .05).

Conclusion

QOL of mothers of children with cerebral palsy is negatively impacted by various factors such as burden of care, fatigue, and psychological symptoms. Thus, a holistic approach, including training (carrying, positioning, feeding, and how to manage the self‐care of children) and psychological interventions, is required to improve QOL among this population.
Providing more or less detailed information in job advertisements—Does it matter?
Authors: Liu Yu‐Lun
Published: January 2020

Job advertising is a common and useful recruitment marketing method that is available to a wide range of candidates and offers a practical way to widen the applicant pool. Frequently, retail advertisements only briefly introduce job requirements, but others provide more detailed information. Existing message studies, however, are inconclusive about the effectiveness of message specificity. A scenario‐based experiment that included 164 participants revealed that the type of decision maker (maximizer or satisficer) moderates the specificity effects in recruitment messages. After receiving a detailed job message, more satisficers stop their search process, but only maximizers perceive the company as more attractive and increase intentions toward the advertised job. A follow‐up qualitative study involving 30 participants provided further insights.
Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy: Review of surgical technique, and perioperative, oncological and functional outcomes
Authors: Elsayed Ahmed S , Aldhaam Naif A , Nitsche Lindsay , Siam Alat , Jing Zhe , Hussein Ahmed A , Shigemura Katsumi , Fujisawa Masato , Guru Khurshid A
Published: January 2020

Since the introduction of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy, efforts have been made to meet the standards in terms of perioperative safety and oncological efficacy. Several randomized controlled studies and meta‐analyses, and multi‐institutional studies have shown comparable outcomes of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy when compared with the conventional open approach. In this review, we aimed to describe the surgical technique of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy and urinary diversion, and perioperative, pathological, oncological and functional outcomes.
The practicability and relevance of developing a yoga intervention for mental health consumers: A qualitative study
Authors: Snaith Nicole , Rasmussen Philippa , Schultz Tim , Proeve Michael
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to understand the perspectives of mental health consumers, staff, and yoga teachers on the characteristics of a yoga‐based intervention to be developed for consumers with a long‐term mental health condition, in addition to anxiety and/or depression. Two focus groups were held with mental health consumers (n = 8), two focus groups with mental health staff (n = 13) from a metropolitan community mental health setting, and five one‐on‐one interviews with yoga teachers. Participants were asked about the feasibility and appropriateness of a range of yoga practice features to be tested as a newly developed yoga‐based intervention. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Findings included the following consumer themes: Mental health understanding and experience of teachers and participants is important, Creating a safe space and Yoga practice elements. Staff themes included Mental health understanding and experience of teachers is important, Environmental design, and Yoga practice elements. Yoga teacher themes included Environmental design and Yoga practice elements. Mental health understanding and experience of the yoga teacher, and trauma‐informed care were consistently emphasized by consumers and staff. Teachers focused less on specific mental health considerations, which may be reflective of a broader knowledge gap. Recommendations regarding yoga practice elements, including pre‐information, regular and consistent practice, modifications, breathwork, mindfulness and guided practice, and environmental design features, were consistent with current trauma‐informed yoga research. Findings will be used to guide the development of a yoga‐based intervention for consumers with a long‐term mental health condition, in addition to anxiety and/or depression.
Strategies to optimize bonding of adhesive materials to molar‐incisor hypomineralization‐affected enamel: A systematic review
Authors: Lagarde Marianne , Vennat Elsa , Attal Jean‐Pierre , Dursun Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

Background

Children with first permanent molar affected by molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH) show high treatment failure rate.

Aim

To conduct a systematic review on bonding of adhesive materials to MIH‐affected enamel, so as to identify all the methods suggested to optimize it and to determine the best bonding protocol(s).

Design

An exhaustive literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, up to October 2018. Laboratory and clinical studies, involving adhesive restorations bonded to MIH‐affected enamel, with at least a comparative group were included. Two authors independently selected studies, collected data, and assessed bias risk.

Results

After title and abstract review and duplicate exclusion, 14 articles were selected on the 496 eligible papers. After full reading, 4 articles were excluded. Finally, 10 studies (6 laboratory and 4 clinical studies) were included.

Conclusions

Bond strength of composite was not significantly different when using self‐etch compared with etch‐and‐rinse adhesives. Deproteinization after etching for etch‐and‐rinse adhesives enhanced bond strength; this could allow to keep MIH‐affected enamel. Icon® showed an erratic penetration; however, a preliminary deproteinization after etching could improve bond strength. A study reported no significant differences in sealant retention rate, whereas another recommended to previously apply an adhesive.
Searching for correlations between vibrational spectral features and structural parameters of silicate glass network
Authors: Liu Hongshen , Hahn Seung Ho , Ren Mengguo , Thiruvillamalai Mahadevan , Gross Timothy M. , Du Jincheng , van Duin Adri C. T. , Kim Seong H.
Published: January 2020

Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopic features of silicate glasses are often interpreted based on the analogy with those of smaller molecules, molecular clusters, or crystalline counterparts; this study tests the accuracy and validity of these widely cited peak assignment schemes by comparing vibrational spectral features with bond parameters of the glass network created by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A series of sodium silicate glasses with compositions of [Na2O]x[Al2O3]2[SiO2]98−x with x = 7, 12, 17, and 22 were synthesized and analyzed with IR and Raman. A silica glass substrate and a crystalline quartz were also analyzed for comparison. Glass structures with the same compositions were generated with MD simulations using three types of potentials: fixed partial charge pairwise (Teter), partial diffuse charge potential (MGFF), and bond order‐based charge transfer potential (ReaxFF). The comparison of simulated and experimental IR spectra showed that, among these three potentials tested, ReaxFF reproduces the concentration dependence of spectral features closest to the experimentally observed trend. Thus, the bond length and angle distributions as well as Si–Qn species and ring size distributions of silica and sodium silicate glasses were obtained from ReaxFF‐MD simulations and further compared with the peak assignment or deconvolution schemes—which have been widely used since 1970s and 1980s—(a) correlation between the IR peak position in the Si–O stretch region (1050‐1120 cm−1) and the Si–O–Si bond angle; (b) deconvolution of the Raman bands in the Si–O stretch region with the Qn speciation; and (c) assignment of the Raman bands in the 420‐600 cm−1 region to the bending modes of (SiO)n rings with different sizes (typically, n = 3‐6). The comparisons showed that none of these widely used methods is congruent with the bond parameters or structures of silicate glass networks produced via ReaxFF‐MD simulations. This finding invokes that the adequacy of these spectral interpretation methods must be questioned. Alternative interpretations are proposed, which are to be tested independently in future studies.
Bioinspired alumina/reduced graphene oxide fibrous monolithic ceramic and its fracture responses
Authors: Chen Shuna , Su Yunfeng , Song Junjie , Fan Hengzhong , Jiang Xiaofang , Hu Litian , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: January 2020

Natural composites have very simple compositions and complex hierarchical architectures consisting of several different levels. These features simultaneously endow them with strength, toughness, functional adaptation, and damage‐healing characteristics. Inspired by the microstructural features of natural materials, this work successfully fabricated Al2O3/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fibrous monolithic ceramics with bamboo‐like structures by introducing a thin graphene oxide around Al2O3 fiber cells to form the rGO boundary phase. The detailed evolutions of the crack extension and fracture responses were investigated by a J‐integral method, and these bamboo‐like composites demonstrated high structural reliability with excellent damage tolerance and progressive plastic failure behavior. With the fiber cell diameter of 0.6 mm, such composites exhibited fracture toughness (29.46 ± 3.04 MPa m1/2) and work of fracture (799 ± 127 J m−2) that were 475% and 1075% higher than those of the monolithic Al2O3 ceramic, respectively. Their excellent fracture‐resistant behavior was attributed to the hierarchical architectures that provide crack deflection, delamination, and load redistribution. The results also established the structure‐activity relationships to guide the design and fabrication of these bamboo‐like composites.
PTBP3 promotes malignancy and hypoxia‐induced chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells by ATG12 up‐regulation
Authors: Ma Jun , Weng Li , Jia Yiping , Liu Bingyan , Wu Shaoqiu , Xue Lei , Yin Xiang , Mao Aiwu , Wang Zhongmin , Shang Mingyi
Published: January 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumours exhibit a high level of heterogeneity which is associated with hypoxia and strong resistance to chemotherapy. The RNA splicing protein polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 3 (PTBP3) regulates hypoxic gene expression by selectively binding to hypoxia‐regulated transcripts. We have investigated the role of PTBP3 in tumour development and chemotherapeutic resistance in human PDAC tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, we determined the sensitivity of cancer cells to gemcitabine with differential levels of PTBP3 and whether autophagy and hypoxia affect gemcitabine resistance in vitro. PTBP3 expression was higher in human pancreatic cancer than in paired adjacent tissues. PTBP3 overexpression promoted PDAC proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in vivo, whereas PTBP3 depletion had opposing effects. Hypoxia significantly increased the expression of PTBP3 in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Under hypoxic conditions, cells were more resistance to gemcitabine. Knockdown of PTBP3 results in decreased resistance to gemcitabine, which was attributed to attenuated autophagy. We propose that PTBP3 binds to multiple sites in the 3′‐UTR of ATG12 resulting in overexpression. PTBP3 increases cancer cell proliferation and autophagic flux in response to hypoxic stress, which contributes to gemcitabine resistance.
Disseminating TF‐CBT: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Clinician Perspectives and the Impact of Training Format and Formalized Problem‐Solving Approaches on Implementation Outcomes
Authors: Ascienzo Sarah , Sprang Ginny , Eslinger Jessica
Published: January 2020

Background

Trauma Focused‐Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF‐CBT) has been established as an evidence‐based treatment for youth with traumatic stress symptoms. The versatility of TF‐CBT in conjunction with its established effectiveness has led to its widespread dissemination. However, dissemination efforts have not always translated into sustainability, which has prompted a more thorough investigation into those factors that impact implementation and encouraged the development of strategies that promote sustainability. Toward this end, the aims of this study were to: (1) determine which components of TF‐CBT clinicians found the most difficult to implement; (2) explore clinicians’ perceptions as to why these components were challenging; and (3) examine whether the use of formalized problem‐solving approaches (FPSAs) or training format was associated with implementation outcomes.

Methods

A mixed methods design was utilized to analyse survey data from mental health professionals (N = 85) who received TF‐CBT training. Thematic analysis explored responses to questions concerning those TF‐CBT components respondents found most difficult to implement, while bivariate analyses helped determine whether training format or the use of FPSAs was associated with training engagement, confidence in delivering TF‐CBT, fidelity or sustainability.

Results

Clinicians perceived the same three components of TF‐CBT as most difficult regardless of the type of training they received, and provider, youth, caregiver, and organizational‐related themes emerged from thematic analysis. Bivariate analyses indicated more extended training formats and the use of FPSAs were associated with greater implementation success.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that perceived difficulty of TF‐CBT components did not vary by training format, but more extended formats and the use of FPSAs were associated with more favourable implementation outcomes. Implementers should consider ways to utilize FPSAs within training programs, as well as focus on content identified by clinicians as difficult, as this may assist clinicians in developing skills and managing implementation barriers.
Impacts of broadband and selected infrared wavelength treatments on inactivation of microbes on rough rice
Authors: Oduola Abass A. , Bowie Rebecca , Wilson Shantae A. , Mohammadi Shad Zeinab , Atungulu Griffiths G.
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the effects of broadband and selected infrared (IR) wavelength treatments of rough rice on microbial inactivation. Rough rice was treated at different IR wavelengths and product‐to‐emitter distances (110, 275, and 440 mm) followed by tempering at 60°C for 4 hr. The total mold and aerobic plate counts (APC) on non‐treated and treated samples were determined. Significant total mold reductions of 1.14 and 3.11 log CFU/g were obtained after IR heating using broadband and selected wavelengths, respectively (p < .05). The most significant reduction of APC using selected IR wavelength was 1.09 log CFU/g; the broadband IR wavelength had no effect on the mean APC. The IR treatments followed by tempering step resulted in greater reductions of total mold counts and APC (4.03 and 3.50 log CFU/g) in comparison to IR treatments without tempering (3.11 and 1.09 log CFU/g). Overall, bacteria showed more resistance to IR treatments than molds.
Prospective Associations Between Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters and Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Maltais Mathieu , de Souto Barreto Philipe , Perus Lisa , Mangin Jean‐François , Grigis Antoine , Chupin Marie , Bouyahia Ali , Gabelle Audrey , Delrieux Julien , Rolland Yves , Vellas Bruno ,   for the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial/Data Sharing Alzheimer (MAPT/DSA) Study Group
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Cross‐sectional associations have been found between frail individuals and worse white matter (WM) integrity. However, the prospective association between WM integrity and frailty is still unclear. Our objectives were to measure associations between WM integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the 5‐year worsening of frailty in community‐dwelling older adults.

DESIGN

Secondary analysis of the randomized controlled Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT).

SETTING

Thirteen memory centers in France and Monaco between 2008 and 2011.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants (mean age = 74.7 ± 3.9 years) with no dementia at baseline who had functional magnetic resonance imaging performed as part of the MAPT study (n = 227).

MEASUREMENTS

Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were acquired for 10 different brain regions. Frailty was assessed by the Fried frailty phenotype (score from 0 to 5, higher is worse) at up to seven time points for 5 years. Mixed effect ordinal logistic regression model was used to assess the prospective association between DTI parameters (independent variables) and frailty (dependent variable). All the analyses were adjusted for age, sex, baseline total intracranial volume, and the presence of one of the following cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and/or hypercholesterolemia).

RESULTS

A statistically significant association was found between the RD, AxD, and MD for different brain regions (anterior limb of internal capsule, external capsule, posterior corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, superior corona radiata, superior frontal occipital fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus) and worsening of frailty over 5 years after adjusting for multiple comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to show that WM integrity is associated with frailty in older adults. The mechanisms related to these results require further investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1050–1055, 2020
Two mastication tests used in children with down syndrome: A feasibility study
Authors: in't Veld W. J. A. , de Pijper I. , van Gerven M. , van den Engel‐Hoek L.
Published: January 2020

Background

Children with Down syndrome can have problems with chewing and swallowing. However, no objective tests are available that give information about the efficiency and endurance of mastication. In this study, the feasibility of two mastication tests is studied by answering two research questions: are the Test of Mastication and Swallowing of Solids and the 6‐min mastication test feasible to use in children with Down syndrome? Do these tests give information about the mastication efficiency and endurance in these children?

Method

A total of 24 (4–18 years) children with Down syndrome participated. The collected variables in the Test of Mastication and Swallowing of Solids were masticatory time, discrete bites, masticatory cycles and number of swallows per cracker. The inter‐rater reliability of these variables was tested. Collected variables in the 6‐min mastication test were total masticatory cycles and percentage difference between minutes 1 and 6. Qualitative ratings of masticatory movements were made. In both tests, a comparison with a typically developing group was made.

Results

In both tests, a total of 87.5% of the children completed the test. Both tests are feasible for children with Down syndrome with language comprehension skills of 3 years and over.

Conclusions

The tests give information about the function and endurance during mastication in children with Down syndrome. The results showed that children with Down syndrome do not have endurance problems during mastication, but there is a lack of efficiency in mastication.
Family members and health care workers' perspectives on motivational factors of participation in physical activity for people with intellectual disability: A qualitative study
Authors: Michalsen H. , Wangberg S. C. , Anke A. , Hartvigsen G. , Jaccheri L. , Arntzen C.
Published: January 2020

Background

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have lower levels of physical activity than the general population. The aim of this study was to understand the motivational factors of participation in physical activity for people with ID from the perspectives of the family members and staff.

Method

An abductive qualitative design was used. Social Cognitive Theory constituted the theoretical frame of reference of the study. Two focus group interviews with health care workers and family members and two individual interviews with health care workers were conducted at their workplace. A thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Three main themes were identified. According to support persons, motivation could be promoted at the individual level by fun, mastery, social setting, technology and knowledge about health behaviours. At a contextual level, physical activity was mediated by engagement with support individuals and available resources. At an interactional level, individuals were more motivated if the interaction was featured by joint activities, predictability and the use of rewards.

Conclusions

Motivation for participation in physical activity might be promoted at the individual, contextual and interactional levels. The interactions between individuals with ID and their support persons should work in a supportive way and strengthen mastery experiences. Support and engagement in the context could serve as a prerequisite for motivation and participation in physical activity and should be considered when developing interventions for physical activity for individuals with ID.
The Legal and Social Construction of Value in Government Procurement Markets
Authors: Craven Richard
Published: January 2020

The Public Services (Social Value) Act 2012 introduces a social value duty. It requires public authorities in England and Wales that are carrying out procurement activities to ‘consider’ how such activities might ‘improve … economic, social and environmental well‐being’. This article analyses qualitative, empirical data on how the social value duty has been interpreted and applied across local government in England. Although only a weak legal duty, this law has made a notable impact on practice. The article explains the changes brought about in practice under the social value duty and seeks to understand why these changes have occurred. It does so by recognizing local government procurement markets, as well as local government organizations themselves, as strategic action fields. In these fields, there are competing visions for social value. It is through conversations between actors that a common meaning comes to be attached to the law.
Performative Achievement of Routine Recognizability: An Analysis of Order Taking Routines at Sushi Bars
Authors: Yamauchi Yutaka , Hiramoto Takeshi
Published: January 2020

The concept of performativity, a central theme in routine dynamics research, suggests that a routine does not first exist as a recognizable phenomenon, and then actions are taken subsequently. On the contrary, actions themselves need to achieve the recognizability of the routine. This paper revisits recognizability in light of routine interdependence and materiality. Focusing on order taking routines at sushi bars, the analysis reveals that participants constantly achieve the beginning of a routine performance by drawing on performances of other routines and materiality, both of which are seemingly unrelated to the focal routine. Prior to routine initiation, much material and embodied work is conducted in order to make the routine recognizable. Once initiated, the routine performance makes subtle use of materiality, allowing participants to engage in a seemingly unrelated routine while they remain subordinately attentive to the focal routine. While a routine appears to exist on its own once it is recognized, the achievement of this recognition relies largely on factors that are not part of the routine.