bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freedom to feel: A self‐determination theory account of emotion regulation
Authors: Benita Moti
Published: September 2020

Self‐determination theory (SDT) draws upon an organismic metatheory and suggests psychological growth occurs as an integrative process in which people assimilate and integrate experiences. As emotions play an important role in this process, researchers have recently espoused SDT as a basis for exploring emotion regulatory processes. This review summarizes this line of research and suggests how to integrate SDT with the dominant views of emotion regulation. Recent theory and research on emotion regulation situate this process within the domain of motivation research. As SDT has emerged as a prominent motivation theory, this review suggests SDT can provide important insights into emotion regulation research by highlighting the concept of autonomy. SDT is thus posited as a promising framework to study emotion regulation processes, as it explains how these processes enable people to grow psychologically and develop a coherent sense of self.
Dysfunction of the 4‐coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 4CL4 impacts aluminum resistance and lignin accumulation in rice
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zhao Li , Liao Yonghui , Luo Zhenling , Wang Hua , Wang Peng , Zhao Han , Xia Jixing , Huang Chao‐Feng
Published: September 2020

The root cell wall is the first and primary target of aluminum (Al) toxicity. Monocots such as rice (Oryza sativa) can accumulate appreciable levels of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) to modify and cross‐link hemicellulose and/or lignin of the cell wall. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this HCA‐mediated modification of the cell wall is important for Al accumulation and resistance. We previously isolated and characterized a rice ral1 (resistance to aluminum 1) mutant that shows enhanced Al resistance. In this study, we cloned RAL1 and found that it encodes the 4‐coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 4CL4, an enzyme putatively involved in lignin biosynthesis. Mutation of RAL1/4CL4 reduces lignin content and increases the accumulation of its substrates 4‐coumaric acid (PA) and ferulic acid (FA). We demonstrate that altered lignin accumulation is not required for the enhanced Al resistance in ral1/4cl4 mutants. We found that the increased accumulation of PA and FA can reduce Al binding to hemicellulose and consequently enhance Al resistance in ral1/4cl4 mutants. Al stress is able to trigger PA and FA accumulation, which is likely caused by the repression of the expression of RAL1/4CL4 and its homologous genes. Our results thus reveal that Al‐induced PA and FA accumulation is actively and positively involved in Al resistance in rice through the modification of the cell wall and thereby the reduced Al binding to the cell wall.
The evolution and stability of multi‐ethnic residential neighbourhoods in England
Authors: Catney Gemma , Wright Richard , Ellis Mark
Published: September 2020

This paper analyses the most ethnically diverse spaces in England. We define multi‐ethnic neighbourhoods as spaces where no one group is in a majority and at least five ethnic groups have representation. Around 4% of all English neighbourhoods (Lower Layer Super Output Areas) met these criteria in 2011. Often mislabelled as “segregated” spaces, the growth of ethnically diverse neighbourhoods helps benchmark increased inter‐ethnic contact, yet we know very little about their spatial extent and the dynamics of their expansion. We use Census data for 1991, 2001, and 2011 to consider how neighbourhood‐level diversity has changed during a period of substantial increase in ethnic diversity at the national scale. To what extent did these highly diverse areas grow, and what is the geography of that growth? Which types of areas did these neighbourhoods transition from? For example, were multi‐ethnic neighbourhoods formerly low or moderately diverse, and which groups dominated these locales? We also consider if multi‐ethnic neighbourhoods are here to stay, or if they are compositionally unstable. We reveal a surprising aspect in England's neighbourhood transitions: multi‐ethnic neighbourhoods are highly stable, and increasingly so. Some 88% of neighbourhoods that were multi‐ethnic in 1991 retained their high‐diversity status in 2001, while over 95% of 2001 multi‐ethnic neighbourhoods remained highly diverse by 2011. This is a different story to that of the USA, where high‐diversity neighbourhoods have received more scholarly attention, and where these neighbourhoods have high attrition rates, functioning as stepping stones to another type of space. We explore the demographic and housing dynamics associated with this stability.
Characterization of staphylococcal communities on healthy and allergic feline skin
Authors: Older Caitlin E. , Diesel Alison B. , Starks Jill M. , Lawhon Sara D. , Rodrigues Hoffmann Aline
Published: September 2020

Contexte

Plusieurs espèces de Staphylococcus ont montré un rôle important dans la peau, dont la cause de maladies ou la protection de l’hôte des pathogènes. Bien que les études basées sur les cultures aient permis d’isoler le nombreuses Staphylococcus spp. de la peau de chat, on en sait très peu sur les niveaux d’espèces de communautés de l’hôte.

Hypothèses/Objectifs

Décrire les communautés staphylococciques de niveau d’espèce occupant la peau de chats sains et de chats avec dermatites allergiques.

Sujets

Des écouvillons cutanés des conduits auriculaires et du nez de 11 chats sains et 10 chats allergiques (non lésionnels) ont été obtenus.

Matériels et méthodes

L’ADN a été extrait d’écouvillons cutanés et utilisés pour le séquençage de dernière génération ciblant la région V1‐3 du gène ARNr 16s. Suivant une analyse de microbiote standard des données de séquençage, la désignation des niveaux d’espèce pour les séquences staphylococciques ont été obtenues à l’aide de données spécifiques de staphylocoques.

Résultats

Staphylococcus spp. était présent en quantité relative similaire pour les échantillons sains et allergiques. Les espèces de staphylocoques les plus abondantes étaient S. epidermidis dans les échantillons sains, et S. felis et S. capitis dans les échantillons allergiques. La composition des communautés de staphylocoques, ainsi que la quantité relative de Staphylococcus spp., était variable entre les sites corporels et entre les chats prélevés.

Conclusion et importance clinique

Ces résultats démontrent que les communautés de staphylocoques diverses occupent la peau de chat sain et allergique et fournit un point de départ pour des recherches supplémentaires sur l’importance de Staphylococcus spp. dans les dermatoses allergiques félines.
Regenerative capacity and response to pre‐emergent herbicides by stolon fragments of triquetrous murdannia (Murdannia triquetra) in rice
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhong Zhiqi , Chen Jie , Yu Xiaoyue , Yang Yongjie , Lu Yongliang
Published: September 2020

Triquetrous murdannia is an annual stoloniferous weed commonly found in wheat‐rice rotation fields in China. Disturbance after wheat harvesting can fragment stolons of triquetrous murdannia, and the regeneration of these fragments may contribute to the spread of this weed. In this study, the regenerate capacity and response to pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicides of stolon fragment of triquetrous murdannia were evaluated in a screenhouse. The experiment consisted of two types of single node fragments (2‐cm stolon node and five‐leaf stolon tips) placed under different floating, flooding and burial depth conditions. Results indicated that floating depth did not influence the survival of the two types of fragments but significantly decreased their growth (stolon length, number of branches, and biomass). The stolon nodes were more sensitive to flooding than stolon tips; no stolon node survived at a flooding depth of 6 cm. The highest survival was observed for fragments placed on the soil surface, and no fragments buried to a depth of 2 cm survived. PRE application of benzobicyclon, butachlor, metazosulfuron, and triafamone significantly decreased the branching and biomass of the stolon nodes; however, only triafamone and metazosulfuron significantly inhibited the regeneration of the stolon tips. These results suggest that stolon fragments with one node are likely to promote vegetative reproduction in triquetrous murdannia, and thus, disturbance may contribute to the spread of this weed. Tillage to bury fragments below their maximum regeneration depth and application of an effective PRE herbicide could serve as important tools for managing triquetrous murdannia.
THE GOLEM LEGEND AND THE ENIGMA OF FACEBOOK
Authors: Ambrus Gábor L.
Published: September 2020

We are easily misguided as to the true nature of Facebook, and tend to treat it simply as a powerful technological instrument in the service of human intentions. We can, however, gain a better picture of it through recourse to the Jewish tradition of the golem, an image of human beings, created by them in a re‐enactment of their own creation by God. It turns into a magic servant in modernity with an inherent dynamic running between its human and its subhuman characteristics. This dynamic is the main cause behind its becoming uncontrollable. In like manner, what is subhuman in Facebook serves its masters and functions under their total control, but also empowers Facebook's increasingly human operation, an algorithm‐based capability which raises growing doubts about what counts as human. Facebook implies the crisis of humanity which coincides with the “death of God,” that is, the obsolescence of the idea of a divine creator.
THE IDEALIST VIEW OF DIVINE ACTION IN NATURE
Authors: Epsen Edward
Published: September 2020

Theologies of divine action in nature have sought to maximize traction with the sciences to secure their credibility. While varying in significant ways, all extant proposals share a commitment to physical realism, the claim that (at least some) physical entities and facts are both mind‐independent and ontologically basic within creation. However, I will argue that this metaphysical commitment undermines the body of scientific knowledge to which theologians wish to be responsive. Is there an alternative? Building on the work of Howard Robinson, I will show that there is a coherent account of mind's place in nature that denies physical realism. Such an account would enable a theological description of God's sustaining and governing action in nature through the ontological mediation of minds and laws causally constraining their sensations. Furthermore, this proposal yields a positive research program that makes essential use of the contributions of the natural sciences to understand the nature of embodiment.
Moderating Effect of Technostress Inhibitors on the Relationship between Technostress Creators and Organisational Commitment
Authors: Ungku Ahmad Ungku Norulkamar , Mohamad Amin Salmiah , Wan Ismail Wan Khairuzzaman
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine the moderating effect of technostress inhibitors on the relationship between technostress creators and organisational commitment among academic librarians in the Malaysian public universities. It considers how literacy facilitation, technical support, and involvement facilitation influence the strength of the relationship between technostress creators and organisational commitment. Multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were utilised to test the relationship and the moderating effect among the variables. The findings revealed that collectively, technostress creators significantly explained 13.1 percent of the variance in organisational commitment.  Techno-overload and techno-uncertainty were found to have significant positive relationship with organisational commitment. As for the moderating effect, both literacy facilitation and involvement facilitation did not act as moderator in the relationship between technostress creators and organisational commitment. Nevertheless, technical support was found to moderate the relationship between techno-overload and organisational commitment. All the technostress inhibitors were, however, found to be significant predictors for organisational commitment. This study demonstrates that a certain amount of stress is essential in enhancing employee’s commitment towards organisation. Moreover, it reveals that the existence of literacy facilitation, technical support, and involvement facilitation is crucial in boosting organisational commitment of academic librarians in the Malaysian public universities.
The microRNA miR‐133b functions to slow Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathogenesis
Authors: Taetzsch Thomas , Shapiro Dillon , Eldosougi Randa , Myers Tracey , Settlage Robert E. , Valdez Gregorio
Published: September 2020

Key points

Impairment of muscle biogenesis contributes to the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

As a muscle enriched microRNA that has been implicated in muscle biogenesis, the role of miR‐133b in DMD remains unknown.

To assess miR‐133b function in DMD‐affected skeletal muscles, we genetically ablated miR‐133b in the mdx mouse model of DMD.

We show that deletion of miR‐133b exacerbates the dystrophic phenotype of DMD‐afflicted skeletal muscle by dysregulating muscle stem cells involved in muscle biogenesis, in addition to affecting signalling pathways related to inflammation and fibrosis.

Our results provide evidence that miR‐133b may underlie DMD pathology by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration. No treatments are currently available to prevent the disease. While the muscle enriched microRNA miR‐133b has been implicated in muscle biogenesis, its role in DMD remains unknown. To assess miR‐133b function in DMD‐affected skeletal muscles, we genetically ablated miR‐133b in the mdx mouse model of DMD. In the absence of miR‐133b, the tibialis anterior muscle of P30 mdx mice is smaller in size and exhibits a thickened interstitial space containing more mononucleated cells. Additional analysis revealed that miR‐133b deletion influences muscle fibre regeneration, satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, and induces widespread transcriptomic changes in mdx muscle. These include known miR‐133b targets as well as genes involved in cell proliferation and fibrosis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that skeletal muscles utilize miR‐133b to mitigate the deleterious effects of DMD.
Exergy Analysis of Single-Effect Vapor Absorption System Using Design Parameters
Authors: Ansari Khursheed Afroz , Azhar Md. , Altamush Siddiqui M.
Published: September 2020

In the present communication, internal irreversibility at each component of a single-effect vapor absorption refrigeration system has been evaluated and presented. The irreversibility is induced owing to the pressure drop in the shell and tube and energy exchange between the working fluids. Each component of the system is considered to be a shell and tube-type energy exchanger with slight modifications depending upon the applications. Each energy exchanger is divided into three control volumes, namely, tube wall, shell, and tube for which both energy and exergy balances are applied to evaluate the exergy destruction rate (EDR). Moreover, the overall EDR in the energy exchanger is then estimated in the form of pumping work and energy exchange duty. This objective function is further simplified in the form of design parameters such as tube diameter, friction coefficient, number of tubes, number of baffles, and overall heat transfer coefficient for the energy exchanger. In addition to this, optimum generator temperature and minimum EDR of each component of the absorption system have been tabulated and presented. Results show that for a single tube, UA value in the system component ranges from 2.99 W/K to 48.9 W/K depending on the operating conditions and design parameters of the system. Also, the number of tube in the system components ranges from 1108 tubes to 24803 tubes and the number of baffles in the respective components ranges from 2 to 7.
Iterative Vandermonde decomposition and shrinkage-thresholding based two-dimensional grid-free compressive beamforming
Authors: Liu Yanli , Chu Zhigang , Yang Yang
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional grid-free compressive beamforming with a planar microphone array is a potential approach to estimating direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) and quantifying the strengths of acoustic sources in front of the array. The existing methods involve a prior noise parameter, which is challenging to accurately estimate in many situations. To circumvent this prior parameter, an iterative Vandermonde decomposition and shrinkage-thresholding based two-dimensional grid-free compressive beamforming is proposed. Compared to the existing methods with accurately estimated noise, the proposed method achieves an equivalent DOA estimation accuracy and a higher source strength quantification accuracy.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Oral Acyclovir and Oral Valacyclovir in Pediatric Population To Optimize Dosing Regimens
Authors: Abdalla S. , Briand C. , Oualha M. , Bendavid M. , Béranger A. , Benaboud S. , Tréluyer J.-M. , Zheng Y. , Capito C. , Demir Z. , Foissac F. , Winter S. , Gana I. , Boujaafar S. , Bouazza N. , Hirt D.
Published: September 2020

Acyclovir is an antiviral currently used for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of acyclovir and its oral prodrug valacyclovir to optimize dosing in children. Children receiving acyclovir or valacyclovir were included in this study. PK were described using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. Dosing simulations were used to obtain trough concentrations above a 50% inhibitory concentration for HSV or VZV (0.
Heliconius
Butterflies Host Characteristic and Phylogenetically Structured Adult-Stage Microbiomes
Authors: Hammer Tobin J. , Dickerson Jacob C. , McMillan W. Owen , Fierer Noah
Published: September 2020

Many insects host microbiomes with important ecological functions. However, the prevalence of this phenomenon is unclear because in many insect taxa, microbiomes have been studied in only part of the life cycle, if at all. A prominent example is butterflies and moths, in which the composition and functional role of adult-stage microbiomes are largely unknown. We comprehensively characterized microbiomes in adult passion-vine butterflies. Butterfly-associated bacterial communities are generally abundant in guts, consistent within populations, and composed of taxa widely shared among hosts. More closely related butterflies harbor more similar microbiomes, with the most dramatic shift in microbiome composition occurring in tandem with a suite of ecological and life history traits unique to the genus
Heliconius
. Butterflies are also frequently infected with previously undescribed eukaryotic parasites, which may interact with bacteria in important ways. These findings advance our understanding of butterfly biology and insect-microbe interactions generally.
The Race between Host Antiviral Innate Immunity and the Immune Evasion Strategies of Herpes Simplex Virus 1
Authors: Zhu Huifang , Zheng Chunfu
Published: September 2020

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is very successful in establishing acute and latent infections in humans by counteracting host antiviral innate immune responses. HSV-1 has evolved various strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity and some cellular survival-associated pathways. Since there is still no vaccine available for HSV-1, a continuous update of information regarding the interaction between HSV-1 infection and the host antiviral innate immunity will provide novel insights to develop new therapeutic strategies for HSV-1 infection and its associated diseases.
Provirus Mutations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in HIV-1-Coinfected Individuals
Authors: Campos Karoline Rodrigues , Caterino-de-Araujo Adele
Published: September 2020

HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are endemic to Brazil, and they have different effects in HIV/AIDS disease progression. HIV/HTLV-1 has been described as accelerating the progression to AIDS and death, while HIV/HTLV-2 slows the progression to AIDS. Provirus mutations of HTLV-1 were implicated in severe leukemia development and in problems in the diagnosis of HTLV-1; in contrast, provirus mutations of HTLV-2 had not been confirmed and associated with problems in HTLV-2 diagnosis or disease outcome. Nevertheless, data obtained here allowed us to recognize and understand the false-negative results in serologic and molecular tests applied for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 diagnosis. Defective proviruses, as well as synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations, were associated with the diagnosis deficiencies. Additionally, since HIV-1 and HTLV-1 infect the same cells (CD4 positive), the production of HIV-1 pseudotypes with HTLV-1 envelope glycoprotein during HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection cannot be excluded. Defective provirus of HTLV-2 and Tax2c is speculated to influence progression to AIDS.
mSphere of Influence: Frameshift—a Vision for Human Microbiome Research
Authors: Kozik Ariangela J.
Published: September 2020

Ariangela J. Kozik studies the respiratory microbiome as it relates to asthma. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how two papers, “Time’s up to adopt a biopsychosocial model to address racial and ethnic disparities in asthma outcomes” (E. C. Matsui, A. S. Adamson, and R. D. Peng, Allergy Clin Immunol 143:2024–2025, 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.015
) and “Health disparities and the microbiome” (K.
mSphere of Influence: That’s Racist—COVID-19, Biological Determinism, and the Limits of Hypotheses
Authors: Taylor Kishana
Published: September 2020

Kishana Taylor works in the field of virology. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on the personal impact of “Racial health disparities and COVID-19 – caution and context” by Merlin Chowkwanyun and Adolph L. Reed, Jr. (N Engl J Med 383:201–203, 2020,
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2012910
) and “A hypothesis is a liability” by Itai Yanai and Martin Lercher (Genome Biol 21:231, 2020,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02133-w
) and how it became part of the mission for Black In Microbiology Week.
mSphere of Influence: 3-D Culture Models Influence Studies on Epstein-Barr Virus Molecular Pathogenesis in the Epithelium
Authors: Shair K. H. Y.
Published: September 2020

Kathy Shair works in the field of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers, with emphasis on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper “Efficient replication of Epstein-Barr virus in stratified epithelium
in vitro
” by Temple et al. (R. M. Temple, J. Zhu, L. Budgeon, N. D. Christensen, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:16544–16549, 2014,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400818111
) has influenced her work on EBV molecular pathogenesis in the nasopharynx by highlighting the importance of using three-dimensional (3-D) culture models to study epithelial infection.
mSphere
Highlights Black In Microbiology Week
Authors: Johnson Michael D. L.
Published: September 2020

The inaugural Black In Microbiology Week (#BlackInMicro) is 28 September 2020 through 4 October 2020. Its mission is to “showcase the presence and accomplishments of Black microbiologists from around the globe, connect Black microbiologists with one another and foster a sense of community among them, and provide a forum for the discussion of racial disparities in microbiology and its subfields.” Participation in this event will happen primarily over Twitter through the hashtag #BlackInMicro and over Zoom through registration on the website
https://blackinmicrobiology.org/
.
Severe hyperthermia due to oral baclofen withdrawal
Authors: Paul Vishesh , Righter Kari , Kim Elise , Nadherny Weston
Published: September 2020

We report a case of a 53-year-old woman who presented initially with sepsis and later in her stay developed a severe and rapidly progressing hyperthermia after a decrease in oral baclofen dosage. Her fever peaked at 42.5○C (108.5○F), creating a broad differential diagnosis and complicating her initial sepsis diagnosis. When the oral baclofen dose was increased, the fevers resolved which confirmed the clinical diagnosis of baclofen withdrawal. Dose reductions of oral baclofen should be made gradually and with caution, and patients should be monitored for fevers as a possible symptom of baclofen withdrawal.
Sudden onset hearing loss following intra-abdominal surgery: an unusual association
Authors: Thompson Christopher SG , Gohil Rohit , Montague Mary-Louise
Published: September 2020

We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who reported unilateral hearing loss following laparoscopic appendicectomy for acute appendicitis under general anaesthesia. He was otherwise fit and well with no previous otological history. Formal audiological assessment by pure tone audiogram demonstrated a unilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

In addition to describing his clinical course, a literature review of SNHL following non-otological surgery was performed. We recommend an awareness of this phenomenon, necessitating its prompt recognition, early audiological assessment and management as per sudden onset SNHL guidelines.
Clinically SUspected ScaPhoid fracturE: treatment with supportive bandage or CasT? ‘Study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial’ (SUSPECT study)
Authors: Cohen Abigael , Reijman Max , Kraan Gerald A , Mathijssen Nina M C , Koopmanschap Marc A , Verhaar Jan A N , Mol Sander , Colaris Joost W
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Some scaphoid fractures become visible on radiographs weeks after a trauma which makes normal radiographs directly after trauma unreliable. Untreated scaphoid fractures can lead to scaphoid non-union progressing to osteoarthritis. Therefore, the general treatment for patients with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and normal initial radiographs is immobilisation with below-elbow cast for 2 weeks. However, most of these patients are treated unnecessarily because eventually less than 10% of them are diagnosed with an occult scaphoid fracture. To reduce overtreatment and costs as a result of unnecessary cast treatment in patients with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and normal initial radiographs, we designed a study to compare below-elbow cast treatment with supportive bandage treatment. We hypothesise that the functional outcome after 3 months is not inferior in patients treated with supportive bandage compared to patients treated with below-elbow cast, but with lower costs in the supportive bandage group.

Methods and analysis

The SUSPECT study is an open-labelled multicentre randomised controlled trial with non-inferiority design. A total of 180 adult patients with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and normal initial radiographs are randomised between two groups: 3 days of supportive bandage or 2 weeks of below-elbow cast. We aim to evaluate the functional outcome and cost-effectiveness of both treatments. The primary outcome is the functional outcome after 3 months, assessed with the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score. Secondary outcomes include functional outcome, recovery of function, pain, patient satisfaction, quality of life and cost-effectiveness measured by medical consumption, absence from work or decreased productivity.

Ethics and dissemination

The Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC Medical Centre, Rotterdam, approved the study protocol (MEC-2017-504). We plan to present the results after completion of the study at (inter)national conferences and publish in general peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NL6976.
Assessing the association between tourism and the alcohol urban environment in Barcelona: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Puigcorbé Susanna , Villalbí Joan R , Sureda Xisca , Bosque-Prous Marina , Teixidó-Compañó Ester , Franco Manuel , Bartroli Montserrat , Espelt Albert
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Alcohol availability and promotion are not distributed equally in the urban context. Evidence shows that the socioeconomic level seems to influence the amount of alcohol-related elements in an area. Some studies suggest that tourism could also affect the distribution of these elements. We explore with a valid instrument in a large city whether there is an association between high tourism pressure and a greater presence of alcohol-related elements in the urban environment.

Design

Observational ecological study.

Setting

The study was conducted in Barcelona during 2017–2018.

Participants

We assessed urban exposure to alcohol by performing social systematic observation using the OHCITIES Instrument in a stratified random sample of 170 census tracts within the city’s 73 neighbourhoods.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

For each census tract we calculated the density of alcohol premises, and of promotion in public places per 1000 residents. We estimated tourism pressure using the number of tourist beds per 1000 residents in each neighbourhood and calculated quartiles. To assess the relationship between rate ratios of elements of alcohol urban environment and tourism pressure, we calculated Spearman correlations and fitted Poisson regression models with robust error variance.

Results

The median densities obtained were of 8.18 alcohol premises and of 7.59 alcohol advertising and promotion elements visible from the public space per 1000 population. Census tracts with the highest tourism pressure had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.85–3.38) times more outlets and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.64–3.23) times more promotion elements per 1000 residents than those in the lowest tourism pressure quartile.

Conclusions

We observed a strong association between tourism pressure and alcohol exposure in the city of Barcelona.
Modification of empirical antimicrobial regimens in large animal medicine
Authors: Redding Laurel , Grunwald Haley , Cole Stephen , Rankin Shelley , Nolen‐Walston Rose
Published: September 2020

Background

Empirical antimicrobial regimens can be modified following new diagnostic information or when empirical treatment fails. Little is known about the frequency or clinical context in which these modifications occur. We characterised these modifications in a large animal hospital to identify when antimicrobial use could be optimised.

Methods

Chart reviews were performed for all inpatients and outpatients administered antimicrobials at a large animal veterinary referral and teaching hospital in 2017–2018 (n=1163 visits) to determine when and why empirical regimens were modified. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with reasons for modification.

Results

Empirical antimicrobial regimens were modified in 17.3 per cent of visits. The main reasons were parenteral‐oral conversions in horses and failure of disease prevention or treatment in ruminants. Empirical therapy for disease prevention was more likely to be modified because of complications in ruminants and in animals on the emergency/critical care service. Empirical therapy for disease treatment was more often modified for reasons other than de‐escalation in ruminants and in animals with longer lengths of stay.

Conclusions

Empirical antimicrobial regimens were modified infrequently and mostly for purposes of parenteral‐oral conversion in horses and lack of response in ruminants. De‐escalation of antimicrobials administered for disease treatment, when guided by diagnostics, is a major tenet of judicious antimicrobial use. However, more research is needed to determine when and how antimicrobial regimens administered for disease prevention should be modified.
Cnida sequestration in aeolid nudibranchs: variability and retention time of sequestered cnidae in the opalescent sea slug, Hermissenda crassicornis (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)
Authors: Anthony S.E.
Published: September 2020

Aeolid sea slugs can isolate and store stinging cnidae obtained from their cnidarian prey, presumably for their own defence. There are 30 different varieties of cnidae, identified by their unique structure. The aeolids engulf the cnidae and store them in a functional state at the tips of their cerata. Although the process of cnida sequestration is reasonably well understood in aeolids, two critical questions remain: (1) are cnida types uniformly distributed among the cerata and (2) how long do sequestered cnidae persist? I collected opalescent sea slugs (Hermissenda crassicornis (Eschscholtz, 1831)) from Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, and determined the cnida complements in four cerata per individual by microscope. The cnida complements differed between cerata from different body regions within the individual (values of Whittaker’s dissimilarity index from 2.5% to 36.3%). Furthermore, the cnidae varieties in low abundances are not consistently present within an individual. I also found that H. crassicornis fed a non-cnidarian diet lost cnidae over time, but the cnidarian-fed individuals did not: 3 of 10 H. crassicornis on the non-cnidarian diet lacked cnidae completely at 42 days. Future studies of cnida sequestration should be mindful that one ceras does not give an adequate representation of the distribution of sequestered cnidae.
A-hypergeometric systems and relative cohomology
Authors: Lee Tsung-Ju , Zhang Dingxin
Published: September 2020

We investigate the solution space to certain [Formula: see text]-hypergeometric [Formula: see text]-modules, which were defined and studied by Gelfand, Kapranov, and Zelevinsky. We show that the solution space can be identified with certain relative cohomology group of the toric variety determined by [Formula: see text], which generalizes the results of Huang, Lian, Yau and Zhu. As a corollary, we also prove the existence of rank one points for complete intersections in toric varieties.
A Study of Multi-Constraints Emergency Transportation Problem in Disaster Response
Authors: Shao Wenhan , Liu Xiaolu , Chen Jiaming , Lü Zhipeng
Published: September 2020

The paper studies a real-world Multi-Constraints Emergency Transportation Problem in disaster response under travel time uncertainty(MCETP), whose objective is to determine the set of flights and routes and the airplane and vehicle assignment for delivering necessary living supplies to disaster areas as quickly as possible. The MCETP can be modeled as a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), which considers a heterogeneous fleet with multi-depots delivering supplies to customers in order to minimize the maximal travel time of all routes where travel time of vehicles is predicted by experts because ground transportation network is destroyed and affected degree is unknown. By adding copy points and imaginary depots, the MCETP can be transformed into a variant of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), for which a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation is presented. With the proposed initial solution construction algorithm, vehicle assignment strategy and penalty function, the transformed problem can be solved by the extension of Lin–Kernighan–Helsgaun solver (LKH-3). Computational experiments on two sets of totally 50 instances show that the idea of transforming a challenging complex problem to a widely studied problem and using its state-of-the-art algorithm to solve the original problem is highly effective and efficient for the MCETP. Specifically, it can obtain the same solution quality as GUROBI but with much less time for small-scale instances. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can solve large-scale instances while GUROBI fails to obtain a feasible solution in most cases in a reasonable time.
ANALYSIS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH EFFECTS ON EXERCISE PERFORMANCE USING DYNAMIC STABILIZATION EXERCISE DEVICE
Authors: HAN KAP-SOO , KANG SEUNG-ROK , KWON TAE-KYU
Published: September 2020

Muscle strength may vary depending on the pathological issues and static life habits. These conditions lead to abnormal spinal loads and change muscle strength as well as activation patterns, thereby causing spinal disorders. In this study, the effects of muscle strength on the spine stabilization exercise were analyzed using a whole-body tilt device. Musculoskeletal modeling was performed and the results were validated through a comparison with the electromyography (EMG) analysis results. Based on the validated basic model, modeling was performed for the whole-body tilt device. To examine the exercise effect and muscle activation while the maximum muscle force capacity (MFC) was varied from 30[Formula: see text]N/cm2 to 60[Formula: see text]N/cm2 and 90[Formula: see text]N/cm2, the muscle force was predicted through inverse dynamics analysis. When MFC was 30[Formula: see text]N/cm2, the posterior direction of the tilt could not be analyzed (no solution found). When MFC was 60[Formula: see text]N/cm2, it could be analyzed, but the muscle force was predicted to be higher compared to when MFC was 90[Formula: see text]N/cm2. It was confirmed that muscle strength is a very important element for maintaining postural activities and performing exercise. Therefore, for rehabilitation patients and elderly people with weak muscle strength, hard or extreme exercise may cause musculoskeletal injuries.
Matched wavelets for equidistant points
Authors: Lebedeva E. A.
Published: September 2020

Matched wavelets interpolating equidistant data are designed. These wavelets form Riesz bases. Meyer wavelets that interpolate data on a particular uniform lattice are found.
Memristors: Understanding, Utilization and Upgradation for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Bharathi Mohanbabu , Wang Zhiwei , Guo Bingrui , Balraj Babu , Li Qiuhong , Shuai Jianwei , Guo Donghui
Published: September 2020

The next generation of artificial intelligence systems is generally governed by a new electronic element called memristor. Memristor-based computational system is responsible for confronting memory wall issues in conventional system architecture in the big data era. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, nonvolatility and scalability are the important properties of memristor for designing such computing architecture. However, some of the concerns, such as analogue switching and stochasticity, need to be addressed for the use of memristor in novel architecture. Here, we reviewed a number of important scientific works on memristor materials, electrical performance and their integration. In addition, strategies to address the challenges of memristor integration in neuromorphic computing are also being investigated.
Lie nilpotency index of a modular group algebra
Authors: Sahai Meena , Sharan Bhagwat
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we classify the modular group algebra [Formula: see text] of a group [Formula: see text] over a field [Formula: see text] of characteristic [Formula: see text] having upper Lie nilpotency index [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Group algebras of upper Lie nilpotency index [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], have already been characterized completely.
Uniform point variance bounds in classical beta ensembles
Authors: Najnudel Joseph , Virág Bálint
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we give bounds on the variance of the number of points of the Circular and the Gaussian [Formula: see text] Ensemble in arcs of the unit circle or intervals of the real line. These bounds are logarithmic with respect to the renormalized length of these sets, which is expected to be optimal up to a multiplicative constant depending only on [Formula: see text].
A degenerate Gaussian weight connected with Painlevé equations and Heun equations
Authors: Han Pengju , Chen Yang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we study the recurrence coefficients of a deformed Hermite polynomials orthogonal with respect to the weight [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

It is an extension of Chen and Feigin [J. Phys. A., Math. Gen. 39(2006) 12381–12393]. By using the ladder operator technique, we show that the recurrence coefficients satisfy a particular Painlevé IV equation and the logarithmic derivative of the associated Hankel determinant satisfies the Jimbo–Miwa–Okamoto [Formula: see text] form of the Painlevé IV. Furthermore, the asymptotics of the recurrence coefficients and the Hankel determinant are obtained at the hard-edge limit and can be expressed in terms of the solutions to the Painlevé XXXIV and the [Formula: see text]-form of the Painlevé II equation at the soft-edge limit, respectively.

In addition, for the special case [Formula: see text], we obtain the asymptotics of the Hankel determinant at the hard-edge limit via semi-classical Laguerre polynomials with respect to the weight [Formula: see text], which reproduced the result in Charlier and Deano, [Integr. Geom. Methods Appl. 14(2018) 018 (p. 43)].
Pair dependent linear statistics for CβE
Authors: Aguirre Ander , Soshnikov Alexander , Sumpter Joshua
Published: September 2020

We study the limiting distribution of a pair counting statistics of the form [Formula: see text] for the circular [Formula: see text]-ensemble (C[Formula: see text]E) of random matrices for sufficiently smooth test function [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] our results are inspired by a classical result of Montgomery on pair correlation of zeros of Riemann zeta function.
An Approach For Concept Drift Detection in a Graph Stream Using Discriminative Subgraphs
Authors: Paudel Ramesh , Eberle William
Published: September 2020

The emergence of mining complex networks like social media, sensor networks, and the world-wide-web has attracted considerable research interest. In a streaming scenario, the concept to be learned can change over time. However, while there has been some research done for detecting concept drift in traditional data streams, little work has been done on addressing concept drift in data represented as a
graph
. We propose a novel unsupervised concept-drift detection method on graph streams called Discriminative Subgraph-based Drift Detector (DSDD). The methodology starts by discovering discriminative subgraphs for each graph in the stream. We then compute the entropy of the window based on the distribution of discriminative subgraphs with respect to the graphs and then use the direct density-ratio estimation approach for detecting concept drift in the series of entropy values obtained by moving one step forward in the sliding window. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments using artificial and real-world datasets and its performance is evaluated by comparing against related baseline methods. Similarly, the usefulness of the proposed concept drift detection approach is studied by incorporating it in a popular graph stream classification algorithm and studying the impact of drift detection in classification accuracy.
Bi-Directional Recurrent Attentional Topic Model
Authors: Li Shuangyin , Zhang Yu , Pan Rong
Published: September 2020

In a document, the topic distribution of a sentence depends on both the topics of its neighbored sentences and its own content, and it is usually affected by the topics of the neighbored sentences with different weights. The neighbored sentences of a sentence include the preceding sentences and the subsequent sentences. Meanwhile, it is natural that a document can be treated as a sequence of sentences. Most existing works for Bayesian document modeling do not take these points into consideration. To fill this gap, we propose a bi-Directional Recurrent Attentional Topic Model (bi-RATM) for document embedding. The bi-RATM not only takes advantage of the sequential orders among sentences but also uses the attention mechanism to model the relations among successive sentences. To support to the bi-RATM, we propose a bi-Directional Recurrent Attentional Bayesian Process (bi-RABP) to handle the sequences. Based on the bi-RABP, bi-RATM fully utilizes the bi-directional sequential information of the sentences in a document. Online bi-RATM is proposed to handle large-scale corpus. Experiments on two corpora show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on document modeling and classification.
MultiRegeneration for polynomial system solving
Authors: Crowley Colin , Rodriguez Jose Israel , Weiker Jacob , Zoromski Jacob
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate our implementation of a continuation method as described in [7] for solving polynomials systems. Given a sequence of (multi)homogeneous polynomials, the software multiregeneration outputs the respective (multi)degree in a wide range of cases and partial multidegree in all others. We use Python for the file processing, while Bertini [2] is needed for the continuation. Moreover, parallelization options and several strategies for solving structured polynomial systems are available.
Review of The Problem With Software
Authors: Marcus Shoshana
Published: September 2020

As we become progressively more dependent on computers and the software they run, the threat of bugs in computer systems is more and more concerning. This book begins by describing attacks of different viruses in 1988 and 2014 that exploited similar programming errors. These vulnerabilities in the respective programs resulted from simple mistakes and their fixes seemed trivial. It is astounding to realize that in the intervening twenty five years no standard methodology was implemented to detect this sort of problem and that the programming community did not learn from their collective mistakes made in the recent past. Upon reflection, this seems to be the accepted norm in software engineering. As the author points out, "Software has few of the hallmarks of engineering where a body of knowledge is built up over time based on rigorous experimentation." This book is a quest to understand why that is so and to explore how we can begin to rectify this wrong.
Degree requirements of physiology undergraduate programs in the Physiology Majors Interest Group
Authors: Wehrwein Erica A. , VanRyn Valerie S. , Kelly Kevin
Published: September 2020

Physiology undergraduate degree programs operate in isolation relative to other biological science programs, with little to no understanding of how other institutions structure their course requirements and other degree requirements. The purpose of this report is to preliminarily describe the collective curriculum of physiology programs represented at the Physiology Majors Interest Group (P-MIG) annual meetings from 2018 to 2019. A short preconference survey was sent to attendees that inquired about degree requirements of their respective physiology programs. The requirement for Physiology I (69.2%) with laboratory (66.7%) and Anatomy I (57.1%) with laboratory (42.9%), or combined Anatomy and Physiology I (16.7%) and laboratory (18.2%), were common requirements, but many programs did not require Physiology II (27.3%) or Anatomy II (11.1%). There was nearly consensus on required prerequisites such as Biology (2 semesters with laboratories, 85.7%), Chemistry (2 semesters with laboratory, 88.9%), Physics (2 semesters with laboratory, 75%), Calculus I (61.1%), and Statistics (Biostatistics 42.9%; General Statistics 13.3%). There was less agreement among programs in regards to Calculus II (20.0%), Organic Chemistry (2 semesters, 55.6%), and Biochemistry I (47%), which may be reflective of individual department focus. There was considerable heterogeneity among physiology program course requirements for disciplinary core courses and upper division electives. This report is meant to generate discussion on physiology program curricula in efforts to improve physiology education for majors and assist P-MIG in determining minimal points of consensus as they write the first set of national curricular guidelines for degree programs.