bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TSHR Gene (rs179247) Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zufry Hendra , Hariyanto Timotius Ivan
Published: August 2024

Background: Both Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are classified as autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). It has been hypothesized that changes in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene may contribute to the development of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to AITD.Methods: We conducted a thorough search of the Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases up until March 2, 2024, utilizing a combination of relevant keywords. This review examines data on the association between TSHR rs179247 and susceptibility to AITD. Random-effect models were employed to assess the odds ratio (OR), and the findings are presented along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The meta-analysis included 12 studies. All genetic models of the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism were associated with an increased risk of developing GD. Specifically, the associations were observed in the dominant model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), recessive model (OR, 1.65; P<0.00001), as well as for the AA genotype (OR, 2.09; P<0.00001), AG genotype (OR, 1.39; P<0.00001), and A allele (OR, 1.44; P<0.00001). Further regression analysis revealed that these associations were consistent regardless of the country of origin, sample size, age, and sex distribution. However, no association was found between TSHR rs179247 and the risk of HT across all genetic models.Conclusion: This study suggests that the TSHR rs179247 gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of GD, but not with HT, and may therefore serve as a potential biomarker.
Regulation of Energy and Glucose Homeostasis by the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and the Area Postrema
Authors: Bruce Kyla , Garrido Ameth N. , Zhang Song-Yang , Lam Tony K.T.
Published: August 2024

The central nervous system regulates feeding, weight and glucose homeostasis in rodents and humans, but the site-specific mechanisms remain unclear. The dorsal vagal complex in the brainstem that contains the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP) emerges as a regulatory center that impacts energy and glucose balance by monitoring hormonal and nutrient changes. However, the specific mechanistic metabolic roles of the NTS and AP remain elusive. This mini-review highlights methods to study their distinct roles and recent findings on their metabolic differences and similarities of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) action and glucose sensing in the NTS and AP. In summary, future research aims to characterize hormonal and glucose sensing mechanisms in the AP and/or NTS carries potential to unveil novel targets that lower weight and glucose levels in obesity and diabetes.
O Circuito inferior e as novas tecnologias de informação : o capitalismo de plataforma, apropriações, adaptações e limitações
Authors: Tozi Fábio
Published: August 2024

O texto descreve a quinta reunião temática do Grupo de Trabalho Brasil Popular, organizada pelo Ipea e pelo Laboplan da USP. O encontro abordou o capitalismo de plataforma e a influência das novas tecnologias de informação no circuito inferior da economia urbana, explorando as mudanças nas dinâmicas de produção e consumo e como as plataformas tecnológicas podem acirrar estigmas e desigualdades urbanas. O capítulo revela as complexidades na criação e implementação de políticas públicas que promovam a emancipação das populações, destacando as fragilidades do uso de plataformas que muitas vezes colocam grandes corporações entre a população e o Estado.
Situação da economia circular a partir do Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento Básico no Brasil
Authors: Silva Dafne Fernanda Alves e , Silva Elisa Inácio da , Silveira Louise da , Anício Sabrina de Oliveira , Branco Filho Thelmo de Carvalho Teixeira , Malheiros Tadeu Fabrício
Published: August 2024

O artigo discute a necessidade de repensar um sistema econômico mais sustentável em decorrência da crescente pressão sobre os recursos naturais e as crises ambientais e climáticas, destacando a importância da economia circular na discussão ambiental e do saneamento básico. O texto também aborda as normas internacionais voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável, tais como a Agenda 2030 e o Pacto de Paris, que têm como objetivo atenuar a crise ambiental.
Contribuição da agropecuária para o saldo comercial brasileiro de 1989 a 2022
Authors: Freitas Rogério Edivaldo
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho objetiva examinar o aporte da agropecuária para os resultados comerciais brasileiros entre 1989 e 2022, identificando os produtos com maior participação em tais resultados, bem como mapeando a eventual alteração de perfil neste quesito. Embora o conjunto de bens agropecuários tenha sido superavitário em todos os anos avaliados, três grupos de bens devem ser ressaltados, vale dizer, as carnes e miudezas, as sementes e oleaginosas, e os açúcares e confeitarias. Sabe-se que o desenvolvimento de mercados emergentes e o processo de urbanização em diversas nações podem gerar novos consumidores de proteínas (considerando-se também os grãos para produção de ração animal) e de produtos processados de que os açúcares sejam parte. Isto pode manter alta a demanda por esses bens nos mercados globais.
Crescimento demográfico, desenvolvimento econômico e empréstimos dos fundos constitucionais de financiamento no período 2010-2022: uma análise preliminar na escala municipal
Authors: Cruz Bruno de Oliveira , Ribeiro Márcio Bruno , Silva Filho Luís Abel da
Published: August 2024

Este artigo propõe uma análise conjunta do crescimento populacional, da evolução do produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita e da alocação dos empréstimos dos fundos constitucionais de financiamento nos municípios pertencentes às suas áreas de atuação. A análise consiste de duas etapas. Na primeira, as medidas referentes a cada uma das variáveis são analisadas nas áreas de atuação de cada fundo com base em distintas faixas populacionais dos municípios e para o total de cada região. Na segunda etapa, as medidas são avaliadas em termos de suas correlações espaciais quanto à distribuição territorial, com a identificação de agrupamentos de municípios com padrões semelhantes.
Aspectos populacionais da fronteira terrestre segundo o censo 2022
Authors: Moura Rosa
Published: August 2024

Uma leitura dos primeiros resultados do Censo Demográfico de 2022 para a faixa de fronteira terrestre (FFT) é realizada neste ensaio, que coloca em relevo a distribuição, os domicílios e o crescimento da população, salientando os marcantes diferenciais quanto à composição da população por cor ou raça, idade e sexo. Foco específico é dado à presença indígena nessa faixa de fronteira. As informações atualizadas confirmam a diversidade existente nesse recorte de pesquisa e apontam dinâmicas populacionais que ultrapassam os limites do território brasileiro. Na expectativa de novas leituras e detalhadas análises sobre os temas, sugerem-se outras informações censitárias já disponíveis ou a serem divulgadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), reiterando a importância desses registros, que cobrem todos os municípios brasileiros, como insumos essenciais à formulação e à adequação de políticas públicas de base territorial.
Atualização do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) a partir dos dados da PNAD contínua 2022: breve comentário metodológico e resultados gerais
Authors: Funari Armando Palermo , Dias Tamara Talita Rodrigues , Teixeira Laura Cristina Melo , Costa Marco Aurélio
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho apresenta os esforços mais recentes no cálculo e divulgação dos dados do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea) para 2022, a partir de informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Esse esforço permite um primeiro olhar sobre os resultados estaduais e nacional, por dimensão do IVS, precedido de notas metodológicas. Como resultado geral, o cenário específico do ano eleitoral e seus gastos extraordinários contribuíram para uma redução dos registros de vulnerabilidade pelo índice.
Destino dos recursos das outorgas do saneamento nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Alagoas: primeiros resultados
Authors: Mendes Alesi Teixeira , Santos Gesmar Rosa dos
Published: August 2024

Este artigo analisa a destinação dos recursos arrecadados com as privatizações dos serviços de água e esgotamento sanitário de municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro e da região metropolitana (RM) de Maceió, observando semelhanças e diferenças entre os dois casos. Os dados do Portal da Transparência dos respectivos estados ilustram estratégias distintas de destinação dos recursos. No Rio de Janeiro os recursos foram, principalmente, para as funções orçamentárias urbanismo e indústria, enquanto em Alagoas a função saneamento foi a mais beneficiada com recursos das outorgas.
1.	Impactos econômicos da redução de aposentadorias e benefícios para a economia brasileira
Authors: Cardoso Débora Freire , Domingues Edson Paulo , Afonso Luís Eduardo , Cardoso Guilherme Silva
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é simular o efeito de reduções no Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) e nos benefícios do Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS) e dos regimes próprios de previdência social (RPPS) sobre consumo, produção, bem-estar e desigualdade, em um arcabouço de equilíbrio geral computável. Adotamos duas premissas sobre a resposta do investimento ao corte de benefícios. A primeira supõe que o investimento responda apenas de acordo com os mecanismos endógenos do modelo. A segunda pressupõe que a redução do gasto e do déficit previdenciário afete a taxa efetiva de retorno, incrementando o investimento na economia. Os resultados mostram que reduções no BPC tendem a aumentar a desigualdade e ter mais impactos sobre as famílias de renda baixa. Ocorre o oposto em relação a diminuições no dispêndio dos RPPS. Para o RGPS, há efeito intermediário. Também foram encontradas evidências de que o impacto sobre o produto interno bruto (PIB) depende da resposta do investimento. Caso isso não ocorra, a redução dos benefícios do RGPS e dos RPPS tenderá a ser recessiva.
Fatores relacionados à verticalização imobiliária residencial nos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Nakabashi Luciano , Kahtalian Marcos
Published: August 2024

Este estudo busca compreender o processo de verticalização residencial nos municípios brasileiros com mais de 100 mil habitantes em 2010, considerando os anos 1991, 2000 e 2010, preenchendo uma lacuna da falta de estudos quantitativos sobre tema tão relevante no bem-estar dos cidadãos e na elaboração de políticas públicas de planejamento urbano. Adicionalmente, este estudo mensura os efeitos quantitativos de cada variável explicativa. Os resultados mostram que a população municipal e o desenvolvimento econômico mensurados pelo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) são as variáveis altamente associadas ao processo de verticalização. Os resultados indicam que a violência, o número médio de membros por domicílio, o número de famílias com renda entre R$ 4 mil e R$ 8 mil e acima de R$ 8 mil, bem como o índice pluviométrico, estão associados a tal processo, embora de forma não tão robusta quanto as duas primeiras variáveis.
Thriving Solo: Exploring the Experiences of Single Parents in Monitoring their Children’s Education
Authors: T. Pansacala Mary Jane , Ventura-Escote Maedel Joy
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of this study was to delve into single parents' experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms, and the insights they have gained, specifically focusing on households in one of the Elementary School in Tagum City. The study was conducted in Mangga Elementary School, Mangga Visayan Village Tagum City. A multiple case study was employed and purposive sampling was utilized in selecting the five participants of single parents experiences in monitoring their children’s education. Moreover, the researcher adhered to the following criteria: (a) parent, upon conception, found herself abandoned by her partner, thereby shouldering the entirety of parental responsibilities unilaterally; (b) a widow, bereaved by the untimely demise of her husband resulting from a vehicular accident; (c) a single parent, compelled by the dissolution of her marital union due to spousal infidelity and enduring the additional hardship of her husband's physical abuse; (d) a lone custodian, her marital partner departed under the pretext of seeking employment to contribute financially, only to forsake her while she lay incapacitated in a hospital bed; and, (e) a single parent, confronting the challenges of solo parenthood, as his spouse departed for another relationship, thereby leaving him with the primary responsibility of caring for their children. As part of the ethical consideration, the identities of the five participants were kept confidential and anonymous. The findings of the study revealed that the challenges encountered by the participants related to studies were financial constraint, proper time Management, and lack of constant communication of the child. Their coping mechanism were having time management, sought external support, engaged in other source of income and through prayers. The insights they developed were to reflect on challenges, give more attention to child, always be strong, be resilient, and always trust God.
Optimising the Energy and Resources of Hotel Buildings in Cameroon from a Zero-Carbon Perspective
Authors: Nkasse Alain Aba , Sokamte Genevieve Mazokou
Published: August 2024

This article explores the potential for Cameroonian hotel buildings to achieve optimal energy and resource use, contributing to a zero-carbon future. It examines the opportunities that lie in high-performing hotels to achieve the country's ambitious environmental objectives such as reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 32% by 2035 compared with the reference scenario under the Paris Agreement. Then, the article delves into the existing landscape of green building labels and certifications while focusing on those related on hotels specifically like the Green Key. It acknowledges the various hotels categories present in the country and how their specific characteristics influence resource demands. Additionally, it presents the regulations governing the construction and conversion of hotel establishments. Furthermore, the article discusses strategies for optimising the performance of building resources within the tropical context. These involve improving the insulation of the building envelope, the efficiency of systems and the use of renewable energy sources. The article highlights the importance of the prescriptive approach for assessing and the energy performance approach for optimising building performance, using the accessible EDGE energy simulation software. Those approaches are defined in the Ivorian Inter-ministerial Order No. 134/MPEER/MCLU of 18 November 2020, given that Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire have some similar climate zones. To achieve the EDGE Zero Carbon level, it is essential to demonstrate minimum savings of 40% of energy, 20% of water and 20% of grey energy in materials, and 100% of energy- related emissions neutralised either by renewable energies or by carbon offsets. Finally, the concept of green financing is introduced, examining its potential to facilitate
Impact of Facilities and Service Quality on Guest Satisfaction
Authors: Juplivarin Yohanes , Wahyudi Agus
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of facilities and service quality on customer satisfaction at G-Rima Homestay. The data collection method in this research is by distributing questionnaires to respondents. This research is quantitative descriptive in nature using multiple linear regression testing tools. Based on the results of the t test, it shows that facilities have a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality has a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. The determination test results were 16.2% affected by other variablinfluenced by different factors not analyzed in this review. es not analyzed in this review. So that future researchers are expected to be able to use or add other variables that were not used in this research.
Development and Validation of a UV- Visible Method for Determining Piperine in Bulk and Formulation
Authors: Shrikumar Sapna , Maria M F Ardhra , M Gadha , P Gayathri , Praveen Gopika , K Jisha
Published: August 2024

Standardization of herbal preparations is crucial because the growing use of herbal medicines and the globalization of the herbal medicinal industries have raised serious concerns about safety among the public and health authorities. However, the majority of the time, it was discovered that the standardization procedure was challenging and time-consuming. Thus, piperine from Piper nigrum in the commercial formulation could be quantitatively determined and standardized using an easy-to-use and trustworthy UV-Visible Spectrophotometric technique. In accordance with WHO guidelines, UV-visible spectrophotometric investigations of several parameters are part of the study. This work presents a spectrophotometric technique in the UV area at 342 nm that is easy to use, quick, sensitive and accurate. It was established how much piperine was present in the sample and validated. Therefore, piperine in the commercial formulations may be reliably quantified using the suggested method.
Implementation of Total Productive Maintenance in Centrifugal Pump Maintenance At Pt. Fajar Surya Wisesa
Authors: Sentosa Aldi , Indra Prasetya Dwi , Effendy Listiyanto Rudy
Published: August 2024

PT. Fajar Surya Wisesa specializes in manufacturing packaging paper, with its factory located in the WWTP Department. The company is dedicated to enhancing the productivity and operational efficiency of its Centrifugal Pump machines through effective maintenance strategies. This study employs a quantitative approach to assess the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), encompassing availability, performance efficiency, and quality rate, alongside a Six Big Losses analysis. The findings revealed that the average machine availability reached 98%, with a notable decrease observed in August due to downtime incidents. Performance efficiency consistently exceeded 90%, although higher production outputs occasionally led to efficiency declines. Quality rates remained stable and high, signaling advancements in production processes and quality control measures. Overall, the average OEE value attained 88%, surpassing the global standard of 85%. To further optimize Centrifugal Pump machine effectiveness, proposed enhancements include operator training, regular performance assessments, improved operator welfare considerations, selection of premium raw materials, updates to standard operating procedures (SOPs), scheduled preventive maintenance, enhanced workplace safety measures, and investments in energy backup systems. In conclusion, these initiatives have effectively elevated the performance and operational quality of the Centrifugal Pump machines at PT. Fajar Surya Wisesa.
Implementasi Perwali Kota Probolinggo Nomor 173 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pedoman Pengelolaan Anggaran Kelurahan Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Ayu , Natsir Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Policies related to urban village budgets that began to be implemented in 2019 throughout Indonesia can be categorized as new policies. To implement urban village facilities and infrastructure development activities and community empowerment in urban villages with the urban village budget, the Probolinggo City Government established a policy through Mayor Regulation Number 173 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Village Budget Management within the Probolinggo City Government. Sukabumi Village, Mayangan District is one of the villages in Probolinggo City that has received village budget allocations. The use of the urban village budget has entered its fifth year of implementation, but there are still infrastructure development activities that have not been carried out repeatedly and other problems that need to be explored and found solutions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of urban village budget management policies and map and analyze what factors are supporting and inhibiting the implementation of village budget management policies based on Probolinggo Mayor Regulation Number 173 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Village Budget Management in the Probolinggo City Government Environment in Sukabumi Village. The type of research used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach with primary data sources through determining informants using purposive sampling and secondary data obtained by observation and documentation methods.
Kinerja PPID (Pejabat Pengelola Informasi Publik Dan Dokumentasi) Dalam Menerapkan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik Di Lingkungan Pemerintahan Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Ferliana Ferliana , Natsir Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure indicates that state administration must be carried out in an open or transparent manner. The Administration of government must be able to create public trust in the government, one of which is by meeting the information needs of the community. The City Government of Probolinggo has committed to carrying out the mandate of the Law on Public Information Disclosure by making a policy of establishing a public information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) consisting of Main PPID and Supporting PPID. Even though they have carried out their duties accordance with the mandate of the law, the Probolinggo City PPID is still experiencing several obstacles, one of which is the existence of information disputes submitted by information applicants. Therefore it is necessary to carry out research related to the performance of the Probolinggo City PPID in implementing Public Information Disclosure and examining the constraints faced. In this study using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that the performance of PPID Probolinggo City in implementing Public Information Disclosure has been good. However, there are still a number of obstacles encountered, namely the lack of competent human resources in their fields and the lack of orderly administration in the preparation of DIP and the determination of exempted information that has not been completed with a consequential test document.
Adam Smith y el improvement
Authors: Smith Craig
Published: August 2024

El artículo examina el concepto de improvement en Adam Smith y su relevancia en la Ilustración escocesa. La idea de improvement en Smith tiene su origen en el contexto de una Escocia que comenzaba a crecer con un optimismo cauteloso en el siglo XVIII luego de las guerras civiles y religiosas del siglo XVII. La aspiración de seguridad económica impulsa la motivación escocesa hacia la Unión con Inglaterra. El improvement entonces se transforma en una obsesión nacional. Distintas sociedades y clubes crecen para la discusión de ideas, lo que comenzó a reflejarse en el uso de la historia para la investigación, en el desarrollo de la economía política, de la ciencia y de las artes. Ellas conformaron el espacio en el que la Ilustración escocesa y Adam Smith desplegaron su trabajo intelectual y práctico. El artículo concluye que la visión de Adam Smith del improvement constituye un modelo aplicable en la actualidad, uno que arranca desde la propiedad, el conocimiento y el Estado de derecho antes que de empleados fiscales benévolos que gestionen la sociedad desde arriba.
Adam Smith y el origen del liberalismo
Authors: Schliesser Eric
Published: August 2024

El artículo explora la versión smithiana de los orígenes del liberalismo. Se identifican dos grandes momentos en ella: uno que privilegia la libertad individual, la propiedad y la igualdad jurídica especialmente en el comercio y que se inspira en una férrea oposición al mercantilismo, y otro de tipo humanista que se expande hacia distintos aspectos de la vida social en forma de asociación o colaboración voluntaria. El primero inspiró revoluciones políticas en España y Suecia a comienzos del siglo XIX y perfiló el sistema moderno de libre mercado; el segundo supone una libertad expresada en términos de la capacidad humana para desplegar elecciones significativas, aun en el marco de la división del trabajo. El artículo concluye que la oposición entre dos tipos de capitalismo, uno mercantilista y uno basado en la libertad, la igualdad y la justicia, es el momento fundante del liberalismo.
NotPlaNET: Removing False Positives from Planet Hunters TESS with Machine Learning
Authors: Tardugno Poleo Valentina , Eisner Nora , Hogg David W.
Published: August 2024

Differentiating between real transit events and false-positive signals in photometric time-series data is a bottleneck in the identification of transiting exoplanets, particularly long-period planets. This differentiation typically requires visual inspection of a large number of transit-like signals to rule out instrumental and astrophysical false positives that mimic planetary transit signals. We build a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) to separate eclipsing binaries and other false positives from potential planet candidates, reducing the number of light curves that require human vetting. Our CNN is trained using the TESS light curves that were identified by Planet Hunters citizen scientists as likely containing a transit. We also include the background flux and centroid information. The light curves are visually inspected and labeled by project scientists and are minimally preprocessed, with only normalization and data augmentation taking place before training. The median percentage of contaminants flagged across the test sectors is 18% with a maximum of 37% and a minimum of 10%. Our model keeps 100% of the planets for 16 of the 18 test sectors, while incorrectly flagging one planet candidate (0.3%) for one sector and two (0.6%) for the remaining sector. Our method shows potential to reduce the number of light curves requiring manual vetting by up to a third with minimal misclassification of planet candidates.
The Nature of X-Rays from Young Stellar Objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster—A Chandra HETGS Legacy Project
Authors: Schulz Norbert S. , Huenemoerder David P. , Principe David A. , Gagne Marc , Günther Hans Moritz , Kastner Joel , Nichols Joy , Pollock Andrew , Preibisch Thomas , Testa Paola , Reale Fabio , Favata Fabio , Canizares Claude R.
Published: August 2024

The Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) is the closest site of very young (∼1 Myr) massive star formation The ONC hosts more than 1600 young and X-ray bright stars with masses ranging from ∼0.1–35 M
⊙. The Chandra HETGS Orion Legacy Project observed the ONC with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) for 2.1 Ms. We describe the spectral extraction and cleaning processes necessary to separate overlapping spectra. We obtained 36 high-resolution spectra, which include a high-brilliance X-ray spectrum of θ
1 Ori C with over 100 highly significant X-ray lines. The lines show Doppler broadening between 300 and 400 km s−1. Higher spectral diffraction orders allow us to resolve line components of high Z He-like triplets in θ
1 Ori C with unprecedented spectral resolution. Long-term light curves spanning ∼20 yr show all stars to be highly variable, including the massive stars. Spectral fitting with thermal coronal emission line models reveals that most sources show column densities of up to a few times 1022 cm−2 and high coronal temperatures of 10–90 MK. We observe a bifurcation of the high-temperature component where some stars show a high component of 40 MK, while others show above 60 MK, indicating heavy flaring activity. Some lines are resolved with Doppler broadening above our threshold of ∼200 km s−1, up to 500 km s−1. This data set represents the largest collection of HETGS high-resolution X-ray spectra from young pre-main-sequence stars in a single star-forming region to date.
A Multiwavelength Survey of Nearby M Dwarfs: Optical and Near-ultraviolet Flares and Activity with Contemporaneous TESS, Kepler/K2, Swift, and HST Observations
Authors: Paudel Rishi R. , Barclay Thomas , Youngblood Allison , Quintana Elisa V. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Vega Laura D. , Gilbert Emily A. , Osten Rachel A. , Peacock Sarah , Tristan Isaiah I. , Feliz Dax L. , Boyd Patricia T. , Davenport James R. A. , Huber Daniel , Kowalski Adam F. , Monsue Teresa , Silverstein Michele L.
Published: August 2024

We present a comprehensive multiwavelength investigation into flares and activity in nearby M dwarf stars. We leverage the most extensive contemporaneous data set obtained through the Transiting Exoplanet Sky Survey, Kepler/K2, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, and the Hubble Space Telescope, spanning the optical and near-ultraviolet (NUV) regimes. In total, we observed 213 NUV flares on 24 nearby M dwarfs, with ∼27% of them having detected optical counterparts, and found that all optical flares had NUV counterparts. We explore NUV/optical energy fractionation in M dwarf flares. Our findings reveal a slight decrease in the ratio of optical to NUV energies with increasing NUV energies, a trend in agreement with prior investigations on G–K stars’ flares at higher energies. Our analysis yields an average NUV fraction of flaring time for M0–M3 dwarfs of 2.1%, while for M4–M6 dwarfs it is 5%. We present an empirical relationship between NUV and optical flare energies and compare to predictions from radiative hydrodynamic and blackbody models. We conducted a comparison of the flare frequency distribution (FFDs) of NUV and optical flares, revealing that the FFDs of both NUV and optical flares exhibit comparable slopes across all spectral subtypes. NUV flares on stars affect the atmospheric chemistry, the radiation environment, and the overall potential to sustain life on any exoplanets they host. We find that early and mid-M dwarfs (M0–M5) have the potential to generate NUV flares capable of initiating abiogenesis.
Microphysics of Particle Reflection in Weibel-mediated Shocks
Authors: Parsons Jasmine , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Vanthieghem Arno
Published: August 2024

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have shown that relativistic collisionless shocks mediated by the Weibel instability accelerate ∼1% of incoming particles, while the majority are transmitted through the shock and become thermalized. The microphysical processes that determine whether an incoming particle will be transmitted or reflected are poorly understood. We study the microphysics of particle reflection in Weibel-mediated shocks by tracking a shell of test particles in a PIC simulation of a shock in pair plasma. We find that electrons in positron-dominated filaments and positrons in electron-dominated filaments efficiently reflect off of strong magnetic structures at the shock. To participate in diffusive shock acceleration, however, these reflected particles headed toward the upstream must avoid getting advected downstream. This is enabled by incoming filaments, which trap reflected particles carrying the same sign of current as the filaments. The final injection efficiency on the order of ∼1% thus results from the effectiveness of the initial reflection at the shock and the reflected particles’ probability of survival in the upstream postreflection. We develop a model that predicts the fraction of high-energy particles as a function of the properties of Weibel filamentation.
The Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic Energy Cascade Rate Upstream of Mars: Effects of the Total Energy and the Cross-helicity on Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Romanelli Norberto , Andrés Nahuel , DiBraccio Gina A. , Verniero Jaye L. , Gruesbeck Jacob R. , Szabo Adam , Espley Jared R. , Halekas Jasper S.
Published: August 2024

Solar wind turbulence is a dynamical phenomenon that evolves with heliocentric distance. Orbiting Mars since 2014 September, Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN offers a unique opportunity to explore some of its main properties beyond ∼1.38 au. Here, we analyze solar wind turbulence upstream of Mars' bow shock, utilizing more than 5 years of magnetic field and plasma measurements. This analysis is based on two complementary methodologies: (1) the computation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) invariants characterizing incompressible fluctuations; (2) the estimation of the incompressible energy cascade rate at MHD scales (i.e., 〈ε

T
〉MHD). Our results show the solar wind incompressible fluctuations are primarily in a magnetically dominated regime, with the component traveling away from the Sun having a higher median pseudoenergy. Moreover, turbulent fluctuations have a total energy per mass of up to ∼ 300 km2 s−2, a range smaller than reported at 1 au. For these conditions, we determine the probability distribution function of 〈ε

T
〉MHD ranges mainly between ∼ −1 × 10−16 and ∼1 × 10−16 J m−3 s −1, with a median equal to −1.8 × 10−18 J m−3
s −1, suggesting back transfer of energy. Our results also suggest that ∣〈ε

T
〉MHD∣ is correlated with the total energy per mass of fluctuations and that the median of 〈ε

T
〉MHD does not vary significantly with the cross-helicity. We find, however, that the medians of the inward and outward pseudoenergy cascade rates vary with the solar wind cross-helicity. Finally, we discuss these results and their implications for future studies that can provide further insight into the factors affecting the solar wind energy transfer rate.
On the Origin of Solar Hemispheric Helicity Rules: Rise of 3D Magnetic Flux Concentrations through a Background Magnetic Field
Authors: Manek Bhishek , Brummell Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Sunspots and active regions observed on the solar surface are widely believed to be manifestations of compact predominantly toroidal magnetic field structures (“flux tubes”) that emerge by magnetic buoyancy from the deeper interior of the Sun. Much work has examined the evolution of such magnetic structures, typically considering them as idealized isolated magnetic entities and not as more realistic magnetic concentrations in a volume-filling background magnetic field. Here, we report results that explore the buoyant rise dynamics of magnetic concentrations in a volume-filling field in the full three dimensions. Earlier 2.5D work in this series established the remarkable fact that the twist orientation of a flux concentration relative to the background field affected its likelihood to rise and emerge, regardless of whether the buoyant rise took place in the absence or presence of convection. The contrasting dynamics between structures with differing orientations lead to a selection mechanism that reproduces characteristics of the “solar hemispheric helicity rule(s)” observations strikingly well. Here, we show that this two-dimensional selection mechanism persists in the face of the added complexity of three-dimensional dynamics. Arching of the magnetic structure in the third dimension, as might be expected in the solar application, is introduced. The role of tension force leading to this selection mechanism is elucidated and subtle differences that arise due to the three-dimensional geometry are discussed.
Insights from Optical Fe ii Emission in Quasars
Authors: Zhang Xiaer , Wang Tinggui , Ferland Gary , He Zhicheng , Wang Yibo
Published: August 2024

The complexity of the energy levels in Fe ii has made it difficult to theoretically interpret its observational emission spectrum. However, addressing this challenge could provide valuable insights into the main sequence of QSOs using “eigenvector 1” and the chemical evolution of the Universe. Although the templates based on I Zw 1 are widely used, their universality remains unexplained. To address this, we utilized the CLOUDY spectral synthesis code to generate theoretical blends of Fe ii optical emission near the Hβ region. Our results indicate that the optimal cloud density and photon flux align with previous studies at gas density 1011 cm−3 and photon flux 1020.5 cm−2 s−1. We discovered a broad parameter region that fits the data well, encompassing a diverse range of densities and photon fluxes. This helps to explain the general applicability of optical templates. Additionally, we investigated the effects of different spectral energy distributions (SEDs), Eddington ratios, turbulence, and cloud column densities and found that they provided a sufficiently broad range for typical emitting clouds. We found different SEDs had a negligible impact on the template shape, further expanding the usability of empirical templates. However, they significantly affected the absolute intensity of Fe ii emission, consistent with previous research. Furthermore, we determined that a turbulence of approximately 100 km s−1 is necessary to produce sufficiently strong optical Fe ii, and either a column density greater than 1024 cm−2, which is typical for Fe ii UV emission, or an abundance higher than solar is preferred.
Assessing Knowledge of Older Adults’ Caregivers about Goals, Mission, and Values of Home Health Care at KAMC in Riyadh
Authors: Al-Seraya Amjad S. , Bin Haikel Kholoud Abdulaziz , Alanazi Abdullah K.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Older adults suffer from several underlying diseases and conditions. Furthermore, their physical and mental health gradually deteriorated over time which made this population need care from others. Homecare healthcare is the direct provision of clinical services and/or medical supplies to patients in their homes. Caregivers play a critical role in providing efficient care for elders and they can be family members or hired professionals.
AIM: The study aimed to assess the awareness of older adults’ caregivers about the goals, mission, and values of home health care (HHC) at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh and the factors affecting their knowledge level.
METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted on all caregivers of older adults at the HHC department at KAMC, Riyadh between the periods from December 15, 2023, to April 15, 2023. The study was conducted using a standardized self-administered questionnaire that involved three parts. Analysis of data was carried out by SPSS software version 24.
RESULTS: A number of 302 participants were enrolled; 58.3% were males and 36.4% were daughters of the patients. There were 92.4%, 87.7%, and 78.1% knew about the goals, mission, and values of HHC, respectively. There 75.2% and 85.8% knew about the services and focus of HHC. The mean ± SD of knowledge score was 12.75 ± 4.05. Significant correlations were found between the mean score of knowledge and nationality (p = 0.02) and the relation of the participant to the patient (p = 0.007).
CONCLUSION: Caregivers of older adults exhibited good knowledge regarding the goals, mission, and values of HHC. Furthermore, there was general good knowledge, but with few gaps. Nationality and relation to the patient were the only significant factors associated with knowledge.
Household Savings in the Mirror of National and Aggregate Transfer Accounts
Authors: Nazarova Anzhela G.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the changes in the Russian population’s propensity to save in 2011-2020 in the context of national (SNA) and transfer (NTA) accounts. The calculation of the Households Savings value on a gross and net basis is methodologically consistent with the National Transfer Accounts Manual, the System of National Accounts 2008, and the official Rosstat statistical methodology for constructing non-financial accounts of the Household sector in the System of National Accounts of the Russian Federation.

Structural changes in households’ savings were studied from three perspectives: against the background of the economy’s savings, changes in the volume of public transfers to the private sector, and conclusions from international studies on NTA. The construction of the balance sheet of the Households sector’s savings and accumulation (according to the SNA data) and the system of aggregate transfer accounts yielded the following results.

From 2011 to 2020, the population provided between 1/5 and 1/3 of the total gross saving of the Russian economy. The Households sector acted as a net creditor to other institutional sectors of the SNA (including the Rest of the World sector), providing them with resources saved but not used for accumulation amounting to 1.0-6.0% of GDP. This study confirms that there is a direct correlation between changes in the volume of income saved by the population and changes in life cycle and public reallocation accounts estimates. The analysis of the Russian economy shows that the households’ saving rate was steadily low, comprising about 6.2% of disposable income on average, amidst significant public benefits. These findings match the results of cross-country comparative studies on developed economies made in the context of NTA.
A new species of Tropidauchenia Lindholm, 1924 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Clausiliidae, Garnieriinae) from Guangdong, China
Authors: Chen Zhong-Guang , Chen Zhe-Yu , Lin Ran-Xi , Dai Yu-Ting , Wu Xiao-Ping , Jiang Jiao , Ouyang Shan
Published: August 2024

A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted on genus Tropidauchenia, based on COI and 16S sequences. A total of six out of 18 species in the genus, as well as three species of Grandinenia and eight species of subfamily Synprosphyminae and Phaedusinae were sequenced. The phylogenetic results supported the monophyly of three Clausiliid subfamilies distributed in East Asia and demonstrated that Tropidauchenia was divided into two clades that corresponded to its two main distribution areas. A new species, Tropidauchenia jiangjilini Z.-G. Chen, Z.-Y. Chen & R.-X. Lin, sp. nov., from Guangdong, southern China, has been identified and described based on morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny. The discovery expanded the distribution range of Tropidauchenia and revealed the potential species diversity of land snails in the karst region of Guangdong.
Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis, Palmoplantar Pustulosis, and Neutrophilic Dermatoses: A GRAPPA 2023 Annual Meeting Update
Authors: Duffin Kristina Callis , Thio Hok Bing , Helliwell Philip S.
Published: August 2024

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome and chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) are rare autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions seen in adults and children. Although osteoarticular manifestations are the primary distinguishing features of SAPHO, over half of patients also have palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). These and other associated disorders such as acne, inflammatory bowel disease, and hidradenitis suppurativa are characterized, at least in the early stages, by neutrophilic infiltration. The bone and skin manifestations exhibit both innate and adaptive immune responses and therefore share similar pathogenic molecules and overlapping treatment targets. At the Group for Research and Assessment for Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2023 annual meeting, a 3-part presentation provided an overview of current efforts at establishing consensus on diagnosis/classification, treatment, and core outcome sets for SAPHO/CNO; an overview of PPP in SAPHO and as a standalone condition; and finally, an overview of the role of the neutrophil in these disorders.
Breakout Session and Report Back: Collaboration of Rheumatologists and Dermatologists for the Care of Patients With Psoriatic Disease
Authors: Stolnicki Daniela Kampel , Coates Laura C. , Gollins Charlotte E. , Koppikar Sahil , Perez-Chada Lourdes M. , Puig Luís , Ogdie Alexis , Deodhar Atul , Ritchlin Christopher , Hwang Samuel T. , Goldenstein-Schainberg Claudia
Published: August 2024

Multidisciplinary care is essential for the management of patients with psoriatic disease (PsD), considering the great range of cutaneous and musculoskeletal symptoms and the potential for associated comorbidities and extraarticular manifestations. Consequently, combined rheumatology/dermatology clinics represent a gold standard model of care for patients with PsD. Many challenges are associated with the establishment of these clinics in routine clinical practice. In this report, we describe the thoughts and debates within a collaborative care breakout session during the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2023 annual meeting. The breakout discussion focused around 3 main topics: (1) challenges of dermatologist-rheumatologist collaboration; (2) innovative approaches to encourage collaboration; and (3) how to identify patients with psoriasis at high risk of developing PsA.
GRAPPA Point-Counterpoint: Should Biologics Be Used for Mild Psoriasis?
Authors: Ball Gretchen D. , Hamade Hassan , Gottlieb Alice B. , Kirby Brian , Duffin Kristina Callis
Published: August 2024

Psoriasis (PsO) is commonly classified as mild, moderate, or severe, usually based on body surface area (BSA) or other validated measures. Although most dermatologists agree that mild PsO should be treated with topical therapies, there are circumstances where mild or limited PsO should be treated with biologics, even as first line. A debate about use of topical vs biologic therapy was presented at the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2023 annual meeting. Arguments in favor of using biologics when patients have mild disease on limited BSA included presence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and symptoms on special sites (ie, scalp, face, body folds, genitals, nails, palms, soles). New data suggest that treating limited or early PsO may decrease the risk of developing PsA. Arguments against using biologics for mild PsO focused on the definition of mild PsO, citing that limited BSA with PsA and significant quality of life impact should not be defined as mild. Truly mild PsO should be treated with topical agents, given their safety and relative low cost. The availability of newer agents like roflumilast and tapinarof have expanded therapeutic choice and have data supporting their use for treatment of special sites.
L’insertion par le travail entre reconnaissance et déqualification
Authors: Peltier Axelle
Published: August 2024

L’orientation des usagerꞏes vers le marché du travail est devenue une finalité de plus en plus centrale des politiques d’insertion. En contribuant à la dégradation de la condition salariale et à la progression d’une forme d’injonction à la « mise au travail », cette tendance à « l’activation » fragiliserait la fonction intégrative de ce secteur d’action publique. L’objet de cet article est d’appréhender ces effets à partir de l’expérience des salariéꞏes du secteur de l’Insertion par l’Activité Économique (IAE). Cette approche centrée sur la réception de l’action publique dans une perspective intersectionnelle permet d’éclairer l’ambivalence qui caractérise le rapport qu’iels entretiennent au dispositif. La tension entre le rôle intégrateur du travail d’insertion et sa dimension déqualifiante se décline ainsi de manière différenciée selon l’inscription de ces usagerꞏes des politiques d’insertion dans les rapports de classe, de genre et de race.
Se socialiser aux forces de l’ordre à l’adolescence
Authors: Pozzi Pierre
Published: August 2024

Très présente médiatiquement et politiquement en France, la question des rapports entre la police et la population constitue un champ de recherche fécond. Cet article propose d’étudier la manière dont les jeunes, de divers horizons, construisent des représentations sur les forces de l’ordre. Ainsi, il s’agit d’analyser, à partir d’une perspective intersectionnelle, comment les contacts influencent les perceptions juvéniles de ce service public et, à travers lui, de l’État. L’enquête confirme le rôle prépondérant des contrôles d’identité dans les processus de socialisation à l’institution policière et à ses agent∙e∙s, en particulier pour les jeunes hommes racisés qui y sont confrontés. Elle met, par ailleurs, en évidence l’effet des contacts sollicités mais aussi des expériences indirectes racontées par des proches, notamment des jeunes femmes, dans le cadre de la prise en charge des violences sexistes et sexuelles.