bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influencer‐entrepreneurship journey: A model of staged progression
Authors: Cheng Zixuan Mia , de Regt Anouk , Young Kai‐Yi
Published: July 2024

With the ever‐increasing digitalization of society, a growing number of people are inspired to start up their own digital ventures. Within this context, a specific aspect of content entrepreneurship stands out—social media influencers. These influencers attract brands due to their attentional capital and persuasive power. Currently, the development of such influence is not instantaneous but a progressive journey, with influencers exhibiting varying degrees of influence at different stages. For brands aiming to foster effective collaborations, understanding these stages is crucial. However, existing literature lacks a comprehensive theoretical structure that encompasses the full spectrum of the influencer's journey. As such, drawing from the entrepreneurship literature, this paper proposes a model that delineates how social media users develop and enhance their brand as influencer‐entrepreneurs and how their roles transform across the various stages of entrepreneurial progression and facilitate strategic marketing engagement. The proposed model comprises five stages: influence potential, influence formulation, influence competence, influence monetization, and influence reward. In light of the collaborative dynamics between influencers and brands, the model further provides strategic guidance for brand managers and marketers on engaging with influencers at various stages of their journey.
Mechanically Robust and Electrically Conductive Hybrid Hydrogel Electrolyte Enabled by Simultaneous Dual In Situ Sol‐Gel Technique and Free Radical Copolymerization
Authors: Du Juan , Hou Xinmeng , Zhu Wenli , Zhou Hao , She Xiaohong , Yang Qiaoling , Tsou Chihui
Published: July 2024

Mechanically robust and ionically conductive hydrogels poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate‐lithium)/TiO2/SiO2 (P(AM‐co‐AMPSLi)/TiO2/SiO2) with inorganic hybrid crosslinking are fabricated through dual in situ sol‐gel reaction of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT), and in situ radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate‐lithium (AMPSLi), and vinyl‐SiO2. Due to the introduction of the sulfonic acid groups and Li+ by the reaction of AMPS with Li2CO3, the conductivity of the ionic hydrogel can reach 0.19 S m−1. Vinyl‐SiO2 and nano‐TiO2 are used in this hybrid hydrogel as both multifunctional hybrid crosslinkers and fillers. The hybrid hydrogels demonstrate high tensile strength (0.11–0.33 MPa) and elongation at break (98–1867%), ultrahigh compression strength (0.28–1.36 MPa), certain fatigue resistance, self‐healing, and self‐adhesive properties, which are due to covalent bonds between TiO2 and SiO2, as well as P(AM‐co‐AMPSLi) chains and SiO2, and noncovalent bonds between TiO2 and P(AM‐co‐AMPSLi) chains, as well as the organic frameworks. Furthermore, the specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of the supercapacitors based on ionic hybrid hydrogel electrolytes are 2.88 F g−1, 0.09 Wh kg−1, and 3.07 kW kg−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1, respectively. Consequently, the ionic hybrid hydrogels show great promise as flexible energy storage devices.
On the efficient preconditioning of the Stokes equations in tight geometries
Authors: Pimanov Vladislav , Iliev Oleg , Oseledets Ivan , Muravleva Ekaterina
Published: July 2024

It is known (see, e.g., [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 2014;35(1):143‐173]) that the performance of iterative methods for solving the Stokes problem essentially depends on the quality of the preconditioner for the Schur complement matrix, . In this paper, we consider two preconditioners for : the identity one and the SIMPLE one, and numerically study their performance for solving the Stokes problem in tight geometries. The latter are characterized by a high surface‐to‐volume ratio. We show that for such geometries, can become severely ill‐conditioned, having a very large condition number and a significant portion of non‐unit eigenvalues. As a consequence, the identity matrix, which is broadly used as a preconditioner for solving the Stokes problem in simple geometries, becomes very inefficient. We show that there is a correlation between the surface‐to‐volume ratio and the condition number of : the latter increases with the increase of the former. We show that the condition number of the diffusive SIMPLE‐preconditioned Schur complement matrix remains bounded when the surface‐to‐volume ratio increases, which explains the robust performance of this preconditioner for tight geometries. Further on, we use a direct method to calculate the full spectrum of and show that there is a correlation between the number of its non‐unit eigenvalues and the number of grid points at which no‐slip boundary conditions are prescribed. To illustrate the above findings, we examine the Pressure Schur Complement formulation for staggered finite‐difference discretization of the Stokes equations and solve it with the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The practical problem which is of interest to us is computing the permeability of tight rocks.
Preprocedural Paracetamol Reduces Pain Scores in Patients Undergoing in‐Office Laryngeal Procedures
Authors: Alwan Mostafa , Phyland Debra , Leahy Travis , Paddle Paul M.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the utility of preprocedural paracetamol on reducing pain scores post office‐based laryngeal procedures.

Study Design

Prospective, controlled before‐after comparative study.

Setting

Controlled prospective before‐after study.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of 100 patients who underwent office‐based laryngeal procedures without preprocedural analgesia at our center to establish a control group. Age, sex, procedure type, and amount of substance used were documented as well as postprocedural pain score. Pain scores were recorded every 5 minutes for 30 minutes following office‐based laryngeal procedures. A prospective arm of this study was then performed in which every patient undergoing office‐based laryngeal procedures at our center between September 2019 and December 2020 was administered 1000 mg of paracetamol prior to their procedure. The postprocedure pain scores of the 2 groups were then compared.

Results

A hundred patients were included in the retrospective arm and 75 patients were included in the prospective arm, receiving 1000 mg of paracetamol a median of 45 (interquartile range: 30‐53) minutes prior to their procedure. The 2 groups were matched for age, sex, and type of laryngeal procedure. Both nonanalgesia and analgesia groups demonstrated a similar proportion of patients who experienced any pain (47% and 48%, respectively) postprocedurally. The prospective arm of this study however reported a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of their pain scores at all points postprocedurally (P = .005).

Conclusion

Paracetamol preprocedurally reduces the severity of pain in office‐based laryngeal procedures and would be a useful consideration for patients who are likely to experience significant postprocedural pain.

Level of Evidence

Level 3.
Can irrelevant self‐related information in working memory be actively suppressed?
Authors: Zhang Quan , Zhou Tiangang , Tang Jin , Xi Huanjun
Published: July 2024

To utilize the resource of working memory efficiently, the brain actively suppresses irrelevant information to focus cognitive resources on the task at hand. However, whether task‐irrelevant self‐related information can be suppressed is still an open question. This study explores the inhibitory effects of various types of identity‐associated information (self, friend, stranger) with an irrelevant distracting paradigm, in which participants are required to memorize the color while ignoring the shape during a memory array. In the subsequent test array, participants are asked to judge whether the color of the test item is the same as the memorized one, while the ignored shape features could also change. The results are as follows. (1) Self‐associated information survived the inhibitory effect no matter whether the interstimulus interval (ISI) was short or long. (2) Stranger‐associated information remained inhibitory effect in a long ISI (3000 ms). The results indicate that self‐associated information can bypass the executive system and remain active in working memory processing.
Significantly enhanced dielectric properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene/MoS2/methylvinyl silicone rubber ternary composites by tuning the particle size of MoS2
Authors: Zeng Yu , Tang Lu
Published: July 2024

To realize the great potential of silicone rubber in advanced electronics, high dielectric constant and low loss tangent are currently pursued. Adding a third phase to conductive filler/silicone rubber composites may enhance the properties of the composites, but the appropriate particle size of the third phase is an open question. Here, MoS2 was used as the third phase to prepare the Ti3C2Tx MXene/MoS2/methylvinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) ternary composites, and the influence of different sizes of MoS2 (200 nm and 2 μm) on the dielectric performance of the composites was investigated. The dielectric constant of the Ti3C2Tx MXene/VMQ composites with 5 wt% MoS2 nanoparticles shows a 279% enhancement from 2.78 to 7.75 at 103 Hz, better than that of the Ti3C2Tx MXene‐MoS2 hybrid fillers/VMQ composites. Compared with micron MoS2, nano MoS2 can significantly enhance the dielectric performance of conductive filler/polymer composites because of shorter interparticle distances and enhanced interfacial polarization. Meanwhile, the composites exhibit low loss tangent (lower than 0.0015) and good thermal stability (up to 400°C) because of the low filling amounts of Ti3C2Tx MXene and MoS2 nanoparticles. Excellent flexibility with Young's modulus of 285 kPa and elongations break of 446% was also obtained. The design of these ternary composites greatly improves the dielectric and mechanical properties, which means that the dielectric material has a broad application prospect in modern electronics industry.

Highlights

High dielectric constant was gained in Ti3C2Tx MXene/5n‐MoS2/VMQ composites.

The MXene/5n‐MoS2/VMQ composites exhibited excellent mechanical properties.

Appropriate filler size can benefit the performance of polymer composites.
Design and fabrication of highly aligned poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) nanofiber yarns and braided textiles
Authors: Li Kun , Chen Shaojuan , Wu Shaohua
Published: July 2024

An approach that combines a modified electrospinning method with thermal stretching post‐treatment is designed to fabricate poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) electrospun nanofiber yarns (ENYs). The nanofiber diameter in the PLCL ENYs is found to present an increasing trend with the increasing of polymeric concentration. When the PLCL concentration reaches 13% (w/v), the as‐generated ENYs show bead‐free and uniform nanofibrous structure. Then, a thermally stretching technique is applied to process the primarily‐obtained PLCL ENYs. When the stretching temperature is set as 60 °C, the thermally‐stretched PLCL ENYs present superior fiber orientation and notably enhanced crystallinity, thus resulting in dramatically increased mechanical properties. Finally, the thermally stretched PLCL ENYs are further processed into braided fabrics, and their mechanical properties are found to possess an obviously increased trend with the increasing of ENY numbers, demonstrating the adjustment feasibility of the mechanical properties of ENY‐based textiles by controlling the ENY numbers. Importantly, the in vitro cell studies demonstrate that the ENY‐based braided textiles significantly support the adhesion and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In all, the present study provides an easily‐handling strategy to fabricate high performance PLCL ENYs, which shows promising future for the generation of advanced biomedical textiles.
Harmony under threat: does resource‐mediated stress affect the (caste‐based) social network of leaf‐cutting ant colonies?
Authors: Gandra Lailla C , Turchen Leonardo M , Amaral Karina D , Guedes Raul Narciso C , Della Lucia Terezinha Maria C
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Managing pest species of eusocial insects, such as leaf‐cutting ants, poses significant challenges. Controlling them requires understanding of how toxic plant substrates and ant baits are recognized by foragers, transported to the nest, shared among workers and managed by gardeners cultivating the symbiont fungus garden. Despite this, little is known about how unsuitable resources might impact social interactions within ant colonies. This study aims to investigate whether the provision of a suitable substrate (copperleaf) and a toxic substrate (nasturtium leaves) affects the social network dynamics within colonies of two leaf‐cutting ant species: Acromyrmex molestans and Acromyrmex subterraneus. The interactions between castes were recorded and subjected to social network analyses.

RESULTS

Initial foraging duration increased for A. subterraneus provided with copperleaf, although no difference was observed for the other species and resource combinations. The social network structure was similar for both species when copperleaf leaves were provided as a substrate. However, notable alterations occurred with nasturtium leaf provision, leading to higher integration of gardeners in interactions and noticeable changes in the generalist worker network centrality, particularly in A. subterraneus.

DISCUSSION

The observed changes in social interactions, particularly in A. subterraneus, suggest that increasing gardener interactions with other castes expedites the movement of the substrate within the colony. This maximizes the potential toxic effect on the colony. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Licorice and liver function in patients with primary liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs
Authors: Giangrandi Ilaria , Dinu Monica , Napoletano Antonia , Maggini Valentina , Lombardi Niccolò , Crescioli Giada , Gallo Eugenia , Mascherini Vittorio , Antonelli Michele , Donelli Davide , Vannacci Alfredo , Firenzuoli Fabio , Sofi Francesco
Published: July 2024

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.) has been a cornerstone of traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of licorice formulations, alone or in combination with other herbs, on liver function enzymes in patients with primary liver disease. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to April 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. preparations versus placebo or standard of care controls were included. Standard Cochrane methods were used to extract data and appraise eligible studies. A total of 15 RCTs, involving 1367 participants, were included in the analysis. The studies varied widely in geographical location, duration, and licorice preparations used. Licorice significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 15.63 U/L (95% CI: −25.08, −6.18; p = 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 7.37 U/L (95% CI: −13.13, −1.61; p = 0.01) compared to control groups. Subgroup analyses revealed that purified glycyrrhizic acid compounds were particularly effective, showing greater reductions in ALT and AST without significant heterogeneity. Although licorice treatment did not significantly impact gamma‐glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels overall, specific licorice‐herb preparations did show a notable reduction in TBIL. The safety profile of licorice was consistent with known side effects, predominantly mild and related to its mineralocorticoid effects. Despite heterogeneity and potential language bias, the findings suggest that licorice can enhance liver function. Further studies should standardize licorice preparations and explore its role in multifaceted herbal formulations to better understand its hepatoprotective mechanisms.
Amorphous‐Crystalline Heterostructured Nanoporous High‐Entropy Alloys for High‐Efficiency pH‐Universal Water Splitting
Authors: Yu Xueqian , Gong Xuhe , Qiao Haiqing , Liu Xiaobing , Ma Chao , Xiao Ruijuan , Li Ran , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2024

Developing high‐efficiency durable electrocatalysts in wide pH range for water splitting is significant for environmentally‐friendly synthesis of renewable hydrogen energy. Herein, a facile method by dealloying designable multicomponent metallic glass precursors is reported to synthesize amorphous‐crystalline heterostructured nanoporous high‐entropy alloys (AC‐HEAs) of CuAgAuPtPd, CuAgAuIrRu, and CuAgAuPtPdIrRu, heaped up by nanocrystalline particles with an average size of 2‐3 nm and the amorphous glued phase. The synthesized AC‐HEA‐CuAgAuPtPd owns highly catalytic performances for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with 9.5 and 20 mV to reach 10 mA·cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1.0 m KOH, and AC‐HEA‐CuAgAuIrRu delivers 208 and 200 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Moreover, a two‐electrode electrolyzer made of the AC‐HEA‐CuAgAuIrRu bifunctional electrodes exhibit a low cell voltage of 1.48 and 1.49 V in the acidic and alkaline conditions at 10 mA·cm−2 for overall water splitting. Combining the enhanced catalytic activities from nanoscale amorphous structure and atom‐level synergistic catalyst in AC‐HEAs provides an effective pathway for pH‐universal electrocatalysts of water splitting.
Acid Hydrolytic Degradation Profiling of Ezetimibe: Identification, Isolation, and Structural Elucidation of Its Degradants
Authors: Modini Arun Kumar , Ranga Mahesh , Konidala Sathish Kumar , Ravisankar Panchumarthy , Sri Kamma Harsha
Published: July 2024

Ezetimibe (EZE) is a dyslipidemic agent used to treat hyperlipidemia along with statins and diet changes. To ascertain the drug's degradation profile, stress tests were conducted on it in accordance with International Council for Harmonization recommendations. An ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of EZE and its degradants. Using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, all impurities were isolated, and their structures were characterized thoroughly using advanced spectral techniques. The drug was relatively stable in basic, peroxide, photolytic, and thermal conditions; however, five degradants were observed in acid degradation. Among the five degradants, three degradation products eluted as Peak‐1, Peak‐2, and Peak‐3 which were found to be novel impurities that were not reported previously. However, the remaining two impurities were identified as Peak‐4 and Peak‐5, despite the insufficient information available. The present study has focused on the isolation of these five acid degradation products and the structural confirmation of these degradants by highly efficient spectral techniques. Moreover, the possible degradation mechanism of the azetidinone ring in the presence of acid has been explained, which might be helpful in determining the quality and purity of EZE and similar pharmaceutical compounds.
Methods: Designing Iconographic Research Poetry
Authors: Meyer Marcy
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, the author provides a detailed description of the methods that can be used to create and design iconographic research poetry. After exploring the paradigms that inform iconographic research poetry, she offers a step-by-step description of analytic strategies that researchers can use to generate iconographic research poetry from qualitative data. Drawing from the extant literature in qualitative analysis, research poetry, and concrete and iconographic poetry, the author explicates the processes by which qualitative researchers can represent data in the form of iconographic research poetry. She presents three exemplars to illustrate the techniques that she describes. The author concludes the chapter by offering writing exercises designed to encourage readers to experiment with iconographic research poetry.
The State of Concrete and Iconographic Research Poetry
Authors: Meyer Marcy
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, the author reviews recent exemplars of concrete and iconographic research poetry. She traces the development of concrete and iconographic research poetry in journal articles and chapters in edited books, paying attention to the methods that each research poet employed to create their word-images. In addition to describing and interpreting recently published works, the author shares some previously unpublished iconographic ekphrastic research poetry that has promising implications for collaborative arts-based inquiry. She then engages in a reflexive examination of ethical tensions that she experienced as a non-Native scholar writing about Native artists and their works of art during her iconographic ekphrastic project. The author concludes this chapter with some writing exercises designed to encourage readers to open their eyes, ears, and hearts to sources of poetic inspiration from the natural world.
Conclusion and New Beginnings
Authors: Meyer Marcy
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, the author offers a summary of the book, as well as a critical discussion about the strengths and limitations of iconographic research poetry. Next, she generates directions for future research, citing digital concrete poetic forms and installation art and poetry as inspiration for future experiments in iconographic research poetry. Finally, the author initiates a self-reflexive discussion about how she has been changed by this exercise in poetic inquiry—the process of writing a book about iconographic research poetry. She encourages readers to nurture the spirit of curiosity and playfulness that is inherent in us all by developing a regular writing practice, engaging in creative writing exercises, experimenting with poetic inquiry and iconographic research poetry in their scholarship, and integrating poetry-centered exercises in their teaching. The author concludes this chapter with a list of additional resources, including videos, digital archives, museum websites, and children’s books that readers can consult to learn more about concrete and digital poetry, as well as poetic inquiry.
Loss of Tension
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

In the main cases studied, load loss in the tie rods ranges from 1 to 5.5% per year, leading to stability problems after several decades. Analysis of two groups of tie rods—one group of tie rods with reinforcing bar and another group with strands.
Accuracy of Measurement
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

The relative uncertainty about dynamic stiffnesses shows the tie-rod stability during testing and also can define the tie rods which will be re-tensioned. The shocks caused by the hammer modify the behavior of the tie rod.
Conclusions
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

Based on the experience gained over 20 years of testing, there are a number of essential points to be borne in mind when mastering this method.
Horizontal Anchors
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

This chapter is special in that, during the various test sites, it was possible to test horizontal tie rods accessible at both extremities. The results obtained demonstrate the reliability of the method. Results are analyzed for two test sites.
Earth Pressure
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

On the most important wall of our diagnosis, a synthesis of the tension results is compared to a theorical approach. A particular focus is done on the elements located at the foot of the wall and interfering with the tension results.
Some new minimax inequalities for centered convex bodies
Authors: Martini Horst , Mustafaev Zokhrab , Zarbaliev Sakhavet M.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this manuscript is to derive some new minimax inequalities for centered convex bodies in $${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$$

R

d

. As consequences, new characterizations of ellipsoids will be established as well. Some open problems related to the Busemann-Petty list of problems will also be discussed.
Endoscopic resection for non-ampullary duodenal subepithelial lesions: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Yuting , Yang Zeliang , Lin Caihao , Yang Jie , Zheng Xiaoling
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and pre-cutting endoscopic mucosal resection (pEMR) in treating non-ampullary duodenal subepithelial lesions (NADSELs) and to evaluate the clinical utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) before endoscopic resection (ER).

Methods

In this retrospective single-centre cohort study, we compared the clinical outcomes of patients with NADSELs who underwent ESD or pEMR between January 2014 and June 2023. The accuracies of EUS in determining the pathological type and origin of the lesions were evaluated using postoperative histopathology as the gold standard.

Results

Overall, 56 patients with NADSELs underwent ER in this study, including 16 and 40 treated with pEMR and ESD, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of en bloc resection rate, complete (R0) resection rate, perioperative complication rate, and postoperative hospital length of stay (P > 0.05). However, the pEMR group had significantly shorter median operational (13.0 min vs. 30.5 min, P < 0.001) and mean fasting (1.9 days vs. 2.8 days, P = 0.006) time and lower median hospital costs (¥12,388 vs. ¥19,579, P = 0.002). The accuracies of EUS in determining the pathological type and origin of the lesions were 76.8% and 94.6%, respectively, compared with histopathological evaluation.

Conclusions

EUS can accurately predict the origin of NADSELs. Suitable lesions determined to originate from the submucosa or more superficial layers using EUS can be treated using pEMR as it shortens the operational and recovery time, reduces hospitalisation costs, and achieves an R0 resection rate similar to ESD.
Treatment of large intracranial aneurysms using the Woven EndoBridge (WEB): a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Musmar Basel , Salim Hamza Adel , Adeeb Nimer , Aslan Assala , Aljeradat Bahaa , Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , McLellan Rachel M. , Algin Oktay , Ghozy Sherief , Dibas Mahmoud , Lay Sovann V. , Guenego Adrien , Renieri Leonardo , Cancelliere Nicole M. , Carnevale Joseph , Saliou Guillaume , Mastorakos Panagiotis , El Naamani Kareem , Shotar Eimad , Premat Kevin , Möhlenbruch Markus , Kral Michael , Vranic Justin E. , Chung Charlotte , Salem Mohamed M. , Lylyk Ivan , Foreman Paul M. , Vachhani Jay A. , Shaikh Hamza , Župančić Vedran , Hafeez Muhammad U. , Catapano Joshua , Waqas Muhammad , Tutino Vincent M. , Ibrahim Mohamed K. , Mohammed Marwa A. , Ozates M. Ozgur , Ayberk Giyas , Rabinov James D. , Ren Yifan , Schirmer Clemens M. , Piano Mariangela , Kühn Anna L. , Michelozzi Caterina , Elens Stéphanie , Starke Robert M. , Hassan Ameer , Ogilvie Mark , Nguyen Anh , Jones Jesse , Brinjikji Waleed , Nawka Marie T. , Psychogios Marios , Ulfert Christian , Spears Julian , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Domingo Ricardo A. , Huynh Thien , Martinez-Gutierrez Juan Carlos , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Sheth Sunil A. , Spiegel Gary , Tawk Rabih , Lubicz Boris , Panni Pietro , Puri Ajit S. , Pero Guglielmo , Nossek Erez , Raz Eytan , Killer-Oberfalzer Monika , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Asadi Hamed , Siddiqui Adnan , Brook Allan , Altschul David , Ducruet Andrew F. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Regenhardt Robert W. , Stapleton Christopher J. , Kan Peter , Kalousek Vladimir , Lylyk Pedro , Boddu Srikanth , Knopman Jared , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad A. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Clarençon Frédéric , Limbucci Nicola , Cuellar-Saenz Hugo H. , Jabbour Pascal M. , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Patel Aman B. , Dmytriw Adam A.
Published: July 2024

The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is primarily used for treating wide-neck intracranial bifurcation aneurysms under 10 mm. Limited data exists on its efficacy for large aneurysms. We aim to assess angiographic and clinical outcomes of the WEB device in treating large versus small aneurysms. We conducted a retrospective review of the WorldWide WEB Consortium database, from 2011 to 2022, across 30 academic institutions globally. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to compare small and large aneurysms on baseline characteristics. A total of 898 patients were included. There was no significant difference observed in clinical presentations, smoking status, pretreatment mRS, presence of multiple aneurysms, bifurcation location, or prior treatment between the two groups. After PSM, 302 matched pairs showed significantly lower last follow-up adequate occlusion rates (81% vs 90%, p = 0.006) and higher retreatment rates (12% vs 3.6%, p < 0.001) in the large aneurysm group. These findings may inform treatment decisions and patient counseling. Future studies are needed to further explore this area.
Pedagogical infrastructures in multidisciplinary technology education
Authors: Aarnio Hanna , Clavert Maria , Toom Auli , Kangas Kaiju
Published: July 2024

In multidisciplinary technology education, teachers work together to support pupils in designing with technology. The different forms of support are based on establishing pedagogical infrastructures for pupils’ learning of technology. Although previous studies have identified the main forms of pedagogical infrastructure, how they can be leveraged in collaborative technology education remains elusive. This study adopts the perspective of teaching teams in exploring the kinds of pedagogical infrastructures involved in the collaborative planning and implementation of support for learning by collaborative designing (LCD). The data consist of semi-structured interviews with 11 technology education teaching teams. The participants were 21 experienced in-service teachers who worked in primary, secondary, and general upper secondary schools. A multiple case study approach was applied to identify the differences between the teaching teams in the planning and implementation phases. The data were analyzed following the principles of qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that the application of pedagogical infrastructures varied during the teaching teams’ process of collaboration. In the planning phase, support was mainly based on establishing material-technological infrastructures. In the implementation phase, teachers often leveraged scaffolding and epistemological infrastructures. Pedagogical infrastructures were mostly targeted for the early stages of the LCD process, as well as in the stage of experimenting and testing design ideas.
What does it mean for a duty to be directed in joint action?
Authors: Löhr Guido
Published: July 2024

It is often stated that joint actions are linked to so-called directed duties. It is not just that we should “do our part” in a joint action simply because it is the right thing to do or because it is in our best interest. Instead, we “owe” it to the other participants. Despite its prima facie plausibility, this claim is not well understood. Is it true that duties in joint action are directed? Which notion of directedness is relevant to understanding the normativity of joint action? I first argue that we can characterize the notion of directed duties in joint action in terms of a network of inferentially related normative relations and practices. I apply this analysis to show that duties in joint action are directed. This analysis supports the view that the normativity in joint action is special as it involves what Stephen Darwall calls “individual authority” without entailing “representative authority”. A perhaps surprising conclusion derived from this account is that actions in joint action are owed to everyone involved in the group equally. This supports Margaret Gilbert’s joint commitment account of joint intention.
Time traveler confirms five minute hypothesis!
Authors: Sorensen Roy
Published: July 2024

Conclusion: What matters for any norm is personal time rather than time. Personal time is a time-like relation (roughly, the time measured by your wristwatch) that knits together scattered temporal parts so that they conform to familiar patterns. David Lewis introduced personal time as an interpretive fiction that allows readers to consistently read fictions about time travelers. Inadvertently, Lewis thereby introduced a metric for all value (including prudence, morality, and aesthetics). Premise: The application of any norm requires personal time rather than time. This principle of reasoning is illustrated by recent debate about Bertrand Russell’s 5 minute hypothesis. This skeptical hypothesis would be undercut if one needs more than 5 minutes to reason about it. But what reasoners actually require is personal time. Once its priority over time is established for the norms governing reasoning, all remaining norms synchronize to personal time. Re-writing diachronic epistemology in Lewis’ atemporal vocabulary salvages much of what is literally true – and exposes the primacy of causation.
Decoding high mobility group A2 protein expression regulation and implications in human cancers
Authors: Khazem Farah , Zetoune Almoutassem Billah
Published: July 2024

High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) oncofetal proteins are a distinct category of Transcription Factors (TFs) known as “architectural factors” due to their lack of direct transcriptional activity. Instead, they modulate the three-dimensional structure of chromatin by binding to AT-rich regions in the minor grooves of DNA through their AT-hooks. This binding allows HMGA2 to interact with other proteins and different regions of DNA, thereby regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in carcinogenesis. Consequently, multiple mechanisms exist to finely control HMGA2 protein expression at various transcriptional levels, ensuring precise concentration adjustments to maintain cellular homeostasis. During embryonic development, HMGA2 protein is highly expressed but becomes absent in adult tissues. However, recent studies have revealed its re-elevation in various cancer types. Extensive research has demonstrated the involvement of HMGA2 protein in carcinogenesis at multiple levels. It intervenes in crucial processes such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer cell stemness, and DNA damage repair mechanisms, ultimately promoting cancer cell survival. This comprehensive review provides insights into the HMGA2 protein, spanning from the genetic regulation to functional protein behavior. It highlights the significant mechanisms governing HMGA2 gene expression and elucidates the molecular roles of HMGA2 in the carcinogenesis process.

Graphical Abstract
Strategic assessment of groundwater potential zones: a hybrid geospatial approach
Authors: Nazaripour Hamid , Sedaghat Mahdi , Shafaie Vahid , Movahedi Rad Majid
Published: July 2024

Groundwater aquifers constitute the primary water supply for populations in arid regions, exemplified by the Goharkooh Plain in Iran's driest drainage basin, where conditions of high evapotranspiration and low precipitation prevail. With the escalating demand for water resources, driven mainly by agricultural expansion, the strategic management of groundwater assets has become increasingly critical. This study focuses on delineating groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) through an integrated approach combining multi-criteria decision analysis and geospatial tools. Based on an extensive literature review, nine thematic layers were selected and developed: lithology, geology, drainage density, slope gradient, elevation, vegetation cover, lineament density, land use, and precipitation. These criteria were initially weighted using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and subsequently integrated via weighted overlay analysis. In this research, the strategic selection of thematic layers for assessing groundwater potential in arid regions has been identified as an innovative approach that could significantly advance studies in similar settings. The analysis revealed that approximately 60% of the study area, primarily in the southwestern parts, exhibited moderate to very high groundwater potential. This potential is primarily attributed to the presence of alluvial deposits, low drainage density, and favorable slope and elevation conditions. Applying the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yields an area under the curve (AUC) of 81.5%, indicating a relatively high level of predictive accuracy. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of this integrated approach, suggesting its broader applicability in regions with analogous groundwater challenges and management needs.
Investigation of Drilling Performances, Tribological and Mechanical Behaviors of GFRC Filled with B4C and Gr
Authors: Gürbüz Hüseyin , Akcan İbrahim Halil , Baday Şehmus , Demir Mehmet Emin
Published: July 2024

In this study, the effects of Gr and B4C filler materials on drilling performance, mechanical, and tribological behaviors of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were experimentally investigated. Glass fiber-reinforced composite materials filled with B4C and Gr at different weight ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%) were manufactured using hand lay-up method. The produced composite materials underwent various tests, including mechanical tests (tensile and flexural tests), tribological tests (wear behavior), and drilling tests under different parameters. Additionally, SEM images of the worn and fractured surfaces were examined. The addition of both B4C and Gr fillers adversely affected the mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced composites. It was observed that tensile and flexural strengths decreased with increasing filler ratios. However, the addition of B4C and Gr fillers enhanced the wear resistance of glass fiber-reinforced composites. It was revealed that in drilling operations, as the feed rate increased, the thrust forces increased, while the cutting speed increased, the thrust forces decreased. It was determined that delamination values in glass fiber reinforced composites decreased as the feed rate increase, while delamination values increased as the cutting speed increased. Generally, the thrust forces, vibration, delamination, and moment values obtained during the drilling of B4C-filled glass fiber composites were found to be higher compared to Gr-filled glass fiber composites.
Comparative analysis of seismic isolation effects under three-way seismic actions for suspension core-tube structure and frame core-tube structure
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Dewen , Guo Zhongfa , Huo Yiran , Luo Xiaoxuan , Lei Min
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the suspension core-tube structure and frame core-tube structure are taken as the research objects, and the modal analysis of them and their basic seismic isolation structures are carried out firstly to explore the self-vibration characteristics and seismic isolation effect of the structures. Secondly, the nonlinear time-history analysis of the four structures under the action of rare earthquakes in the X, Y, and Z directions is carried out, and their inter-story drift angles, inter-story shear forces, base shear forces, maximum accelerations at the apex of the core-tube, and cantilever beam stresses are analyzed comparatively. Finally, the displacements and loads of the energy dissipators, the maximum horizontal displacements and tensile and compressive stresses of the seismic isolation bearings are analyzed to evaluate the performance of both of them under rare earthquakes. The results show that the suspension core-tube structure and the frame core-tube structure with base seismic isolation bearings can provide good control of their inter-story drift angles and internal forces, etc. The suspension core-tube structure is superior to the frame core-tube structure in controlling the maximum acceleration at the apex of the core tube response.
How Do Perceived Instructors’ Mindset Beliefs Influence STEM Students’ Belonging Uncertainty and Dropout Intentions?
Authors: Höhne Elisabeth , Lotz Christin , Deiglmayr Anne , Zander Lysann
Published: July 2024

Abstract: We examined how undergraduate STEM students’ ( N = 389) perceptions of their instructors’ beliefs that intelligence is malleable ( growth mindsets) or unchangeable ( fixed mindsets) influence their uncertainty about belonging and, in turn, their dropout intentions. Taking an intersectional research perspective, we focused on students’ gender and immigrant background to better understand the distinct and combined impact of these social categories on students’ academic experiences. Our results show that male students who perceived their instructors to hold more fixed mindsets reported fewer dropout intentions. In contrast, female students’ dropout intentions were unaffected by their perceived instructors’ mindset beliefs. Belonging uncertainty predicted students’ dropout intentions regardless of their gender and immigrant background, but did not serve as a mediator in the relationship between perceived instructors’ mindset beliefs and dropout intentions. Overall, our findings suggest the predominance of students’ gender in the examined context rather than definitive evidence of intersectional effects with their immigrant background.
Simultaneous Multiscale 4DEnVar With Scale Dependent Localization (SDL) in Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS)
Authors: Lu Xu , Wang Xuguang
Published: July 2024

This study presents the implementation and evaluation of scale‐dependent localization (SDL) in the hurricane analysis and forecast system 4D Ensemble Variational (4DEnVar) Data Assimilation (DA) system. The SDL capability is compared with the traditional Single‐Scale Localization (SSL) method to assess its benefits and necessity for hurricane prediction. The experiments focus on Hurricane Laura (2020) and involve single observation experiments as well as real observation DA cycling experiments. The results indicate that the SDL experiment, which incorporates the Fast Almost Gaussian Filtering approach for scale decomposition, consistently outperforms the corresponding SSL configurations in almost all aspects. Further diagnostics show that due to its multiscale nature, the SDL approach demonstrates better track prediction over small‐scale SSL due to improved environmental analysis and better analyzed vortex position and structure, and superior intensity prediction during the rapid intensification over both the large‐scale SSL and the small‐scale SSL owing to enhanced inner‐core thermodynamic analysis.
Bristlecone Pine Maximum Latewood Density as a Superior Proxy for Millennium‐Length Temperature Reconstructions
Authors: De Mil T. , Matskovsky V. , Salzer M. , Corluy L. , Verschuren L. , Pearson C. , Van Hoorebeke L. , Trouet V. , Van den Bulcke J.
Published: July 2024

Bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) (PILO) trees exhibit exceptional longevity. Their tree‐ring width (TRW) series offer valuable insights into climatic variability. Maximum latewood density (MXD) typically correlates better with temperature variations than TRW, yet PILO MXD records are non‐existent due to methodological challenges related to tree‐ring structure. Here, we used an X‐ray Computed Tomography (X‐ray CT) toolchain on 51 PILO cores from the California White Mountains to build a chronology that correlates significantly (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) with warm‐season (March‐September) temperature over a large spatial extent. This led to the first X‐ray CT‐based temperature reconstruction (1625–2005 CE). Good reconstruction skill (RE = 0.51, CE = 0.32) shows that extending MXD records across the full length of the PILO archive could yield a robust warm‐season temperature proxy for the American Southwest over millennia. This breakthrough opens avenues for measuring MXD in other challenging conifers, increasing our understanding of past climate further, particularly in lower latitudes.
Vertically Resolved Analysis of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation Highlights the Role of Convective Transport of Moist Static Energy
Authors: Yang Da , Yao Lin , Hannah Walter
Published: July 2024

We simulate the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) over an aquaplanet with uniform surface temperature using the multiscale modeling framework (MMF) configuration of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM‐MMF). The model produces MJO‐like features that have a similar spatial structure and propagation behavior to the observed MJO. To explore the processes involved in the propagation and maintenance of these MJO‐like features, we perform a vertically resolved moist static energy (MSE) analysis for the MJO (Yao et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas‐d‐20‐0254.1). Unlike the column‐integrated MSE analysis, our method emphasizes the local production of MSE variance and quantifies how individual physical processes amplify and propagate the MJO's characteristic vertical structure. We find that radiation, convection, and boundary layer (BL) processes all contribute to maintaining the MJO, balanced by the large‐scale MSE transport. Furthermore, large‐scale dynamics, convection, and BL processes all contribute to the propagation of the MJO, while radiation slows the propagation. Additionally, we perform mechanism‐denial experiments to examine the role of radiation and associated feedbacks in simulating the MJO. We find that the MJO can still self‐emerge and maintain its characteristic structures without radiative feedbacks. This study highlights the role of convective MSE transport in the MJO dynamics, which was overlooked in the column‐integrated MSE analysis.
Depression clinical trials worldwide: a systematic analysis of the ICTRP and comparison with ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Namiot Eugenia D. , Smirnovová Diana , Sokolov Aleksandr V. , Chubarev Vladimir N. , Tarasov Vadim V. , Schiöth Helgi B.
Published: July 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD), commonly known as depression, affects over 300 million people worldwide as of 2018 and presents a wide range of clinical symptoms. The international clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP) introduced by WHO includes aggregated data from ClinicalTrials.gov and 17 other national registers, making it the largest clinical trial platform. Here we analysed data in ICTRP with the aim of providing comprehensive insights into clinical trials on depression. Applying a novel hidden duplicate identification method, 10,606 depression trials were identified in ICTRP, with ANZCTR being the largest non- ClinicalTrials.gov database at 1031 trials, followed by IRCT with 576 trials, ISRCTN with 501 trials, CHiCTR with 489 trials, and EUCTR with 351 trials. The top four most studied drugs, ketamine, sertraline, duloxetine, and fluoxetine, were consistent in both groups, but ClinicalTrials.gov had more trials for each drug compared to the non-ClinicalTrials.gov group. Out of 9229 interventional trials, 663 unique agents were identified, including approved drugs (74.5%), investigational drugs (23.2%), withdrawn drugs (1.8%), nutraceuticals (0.3%), and illicit substances (0.2%). Both ClinicalTrials.gov and non-ClinicalTrials.gov databases revealed that the largest categories were antidepressive agents (1172 in ClinicalTrials.gov and 659 in non-ClinicalTrials.gov) and nutrients, amino acids, and chemical elements (250 in ClinicalTrials.gov and 659 in non-ClinicalTrials.gov), indicating a focus on alternative treatments involving dietary supplements and nutrients. Additionally, 26 investigational antidepressive agents targeting 16 different drug targets were identified, with buprenorphine (opioid agonist), saredutant (NK2 antagonist), and seltorexant (OX2 antagonist) being the most frequently studied. This analysis addresses 40 approved drugs for depression treatment including new drug classes like GABA modulators and NMDA antagonists that are offering new prospects for treating MDD, including drug-resistant depression and postpartum depression subtypes.