bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial tool wear behavior in high-speed turning of Inconel 718
Authors: Memarianpour Morvarid , Niknam Seyed Ali , Turenne Sylvain , Balazinski Marek
Published: September 2019

Three distinctive regions of tool wear, known as initial wear, steady-state wear, and accelerated wear, are well understood. However, the effects of cutting parameters on the initial tool wear mechanism, morphology, and size have received less attention as compared to the other two regions. Knowing that adequate control of initial tool wear may lead to extended tool life, in particular in hard-to-cut metals such as superalloys, this topic has become a source of attention. Amongst superalloys, Inconel 718 is considered as one of the most difficult to cut materials, which has a wide range of industrial applications. This study intends to evaluate the effects of cutting parameters on initial tool wear, as well as tool wear progression, when turning Inconel 718. Therefore, microstructural evaluation of the initial tool wear mode under various cutting conditions, as well as tool wear measurements, were conducted. It was observed that certain elements of the workpieces were migrated to the insert flank face. This is evidence of adhesion at the initial moments of the cutting process. In contrast to many other easy-to-cut materials, the steady-state wear period when turning Inconel 718 is significantly short under a higher level of cutting speed and feed rate.
Trabeculectomy and EX-PRESS Implantation in Open-Angle Glaucoma: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sun Yi , Zhang Bowen , Zhou Rouxi , Wang Tao , Deng Juan
Published: September 2019

Purpose. Accumulating studies comparing the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy and EX-PRESS implantation in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) report inconsistent findings. Thus, we conducted the updated meta-analysis to clarify the issue. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected through search of databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception up until November 2018. The pooled mean difference (MD) for intraocular pressure reduction (IOPR) and antiglaucoma medication reduction, odds ratio (OR) for operative success, complication, and postoperative intervention was calculated using the random effects model. Results. 8 RCTs were enrolled, including 223 eyes in the EX-PRESS group and 217 eyes in the trabeculectomy group. EX-PRESS device implantation had a better IOPR% at 12 months postoperatively (MD = 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5–15.3, P=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference in the antiglaucoma medication reduction (MD = 6.01, 95% CI = −4.13–16.15, P=0.25) and qualified success (P>0.05). Statistically higher complete success at 1 year postoperatively was found in the EX-PRESS group (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.24–8.55, P=0.02). EX-PRESS was associated with a lower frequency of increased IOP (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.03–0.93, P=0.04) and hyphema (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.05–0.74, P=0.02). Less postoperative intervention was needed in the EX-PRESS group (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.20–0.94, P=0.04). Conclusion. For OAG patients, EX-PRESS implantation provided better efficacy in IOP control and complete success at 1 year postoperatively, with fewer increased IOP and hyphema as well as postoperative interventions. EX-PRESS device and trabeculectomy were similar in the qualified success and antiglaucoma medication reduction.
Urosepsis Causing Gastric Ischemia: A Rare but Deadly Complication
Authors: Jarodiya Vijay , Kher Chirag , Nanthabalan Sangeetha , Shah Gunjan
Published: September 2019

A 70-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and altered mental status. He was found to have sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection with imaging showing hepatic portal venous gas and gastric pneumatosis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed gastric ischemia extending to the midbody with necrosis and biopsies confirming ischemia. The patient was treated conservatively with intermittent nasogastric tube suctioning, acid suppression therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. The patient improved clinically and repeat imaging and EGD showed resolution of the ischemia. The patient’s diet was advanced and he was discharged to a long-term acute care facility. Gastric ischemia is a rare condition caused by local or diffuse vascular insufficiency. Management is either surgical or conservative with acid suppression, nasogastric tube suctioning and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Gastric ischemia is often diagnosed late and can have complications such as gastric perforation which carries high morbidity and mortality.
Tomoelastography Distinguishes Noninvasively between Benign and Malignant Liver Lesions
Authors: Shahryari Mehrgan , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Guo Jing , Marticorena Garcia Stephan R. , Böning Georg , Fehrenbach Uli , Stencel Lisa , Asbach Patrick , Hamm Bernd , Käs Joseph A. , Braun Jürgen , Denecke Timm , Sack Ingolf
Published: September 2019

Patients with increased liver stiffness have a higher risk of developing cancer, however, the role of fluid–solid tissue interactions and their contribution to liver tumor malignancy remains elusive. Tomoelastography is a novel imaging method for mapping quantitatively the solid–fluid tissue properties of soft tissues in vivo. It provides high resolution and thus has clear clinical applications. In this work we used tomoelastography in 77 participants, with a total of 141 focal liver lesions of different etiologies, to investigate the contributions of tissue stiffness and fluidity to the malignancy of liver tumors. Shear-wave speed (c) as surrogate for tissue stiffness and phase-angle (ϕ) of the complex shear modulus reflecting tissue fluidity were abnormally high in malignant tumors and allowed them to be distinguished from nontumorous liver tissue with high accuracy [c: AUC = 0.88 with 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–0.94; ϕ: AUC = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98]. Benign focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma could be distinguished from malignant lesions on the basis of tumor stiffness (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.72–0.98; sensitivity = 94%, 95% CI = 89–100; and specificity = 85%, 95% CI = 62–100), tumor fluidity (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96; sensitivity = 83%, 95% CI = 72–93; and specificity = 92%, 95% CI = 77–100) and liver stiffness (AUC = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74–0.94; sensitivity = 72%, 95% CI = 59–83; and specificity = 88%, 95% CI = 69–100), but not on the basis of liver fluidity. Together, hepatic malignancies are characterized by stiff, yet fluid tissue properties, whereas surrounding nontumorous tissue is dominated by solid properties. Tomoelastography can inform noninvasively on the malignancy of suspicious liver lesions by differentiating between benign and malignant lesions with high sensitivity based on stiffness and with high specificity based on fluidity.

Significance:

Solid–fluid tissue properties measured by tomoelastography can distinguish malignant from benign masses with high accuracy and provide quantitative noninvasive imaging biomarkers for liver tumors.
Therapeutic Implications of p53 Status on Cancer Cell Fate Following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and the DNA-PK Inhibitor M3814
Authors: Sun Qing , Guo Yige , Liu Xiaohong , Czauderna Frank , Carr Michael I. , Zenke Frank T. , Blaukat Andree , Vassilev Lyubomir T.
Published: September 2019

Inhibition of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in cancer cells has been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy for potentiating the anticancer effects of radiotherapy. M3814 is a novel, selective pharmacologic inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a key driver of nonhomologous end-joining, one of the main DSB-repair pathways, currently under clinical investigation. Here, we show that M3814 effectively blocks the repair of radiation-induced DSBs and potently enhances p53 phosphorylation and activation. In p53 wild-type cells, ataxia telangiectasia–mutated (ATM) and its targets, p53 and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), were more strongly activated by combination treatment with M3814 and radiation than by radiation alone, leading to a complete p53-dependent cell-cycle block and premature cell senescence. Cancer cells with dysfunctional p53 were unable to fully arrest their cell cycle and entered S and M phases with unrepaired DNA, leading to mitotic catastrophe and apoptotic cell death. Isogenic p53-null/wild-type A549 and HT-1080 cell lines were generated and used to demonstrate that p53 plays a critical role in determining the response to ionizing radiation and M3814. Time-lapse imaging of cell death and measuring apoptosis in panels of p53 wild-type and p53-null/mutant cancer lines confirmed the clear differences in cell fate, dependent on p53 status.

Implications:

Our results identify p53 as a possible biomarker for response of cancer cells to combination treatment with radiation and a DNA-PK inhibitor and suggest that p53 mutation status should be considered in the design of future clinical trials.

Visual Overview:

http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/12/2457/F1.large.jpg.
Healthy Lifestyle and Cardiac Vagal Modulation Over 10 Years: Whitehall II Cohort Study
Authors: Jandackova Vera K. , Scholes Shaun , Britton Annie , Steptoe Andrew
Published: September 2019

Background

Increased vagal modulation is a mechanism that may partially explain the protective effect of healthy lifestyles. However, it is unclear how healthy lifestyles relate to vagal regulation longitudinally. We prospectively examined associations between a comprehensive measure of 4 important lifestyle factors and vagal modulation, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) over 10 years.

Methods and Results

The fifth (1997–1999), seventh (2002–2004), and ninth (2007–2009) phases of the
UK
Whitehall
II
cohort were analyzed. Analytical samples ranged from 2059 to 3333 (mean age: 55.7 years). A healthy lifestyle score was derived by giving participants 1 point for each healthy factor: physically active, not smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, and healthy body mass index. Two vagally mediated HRV measures were used: high‐frequency
HRV
and root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals. Cross‐sectionally, a positively graded association was observed between the healthy lifestyle score and HRV at baseline (
P
overall
≤0.001). Differences in HRV according to the healthy lifestyle score remained relatively stable over time. Compared with participants who hardly ever adhered to healthy lifestyles, those with consistent healthy lifestyles displayed higher high‐frequency
HRV
(β=0.23; 95%
CI
, 0.10–0.35;
P
=0.001) and higher root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (β=0.15; 95%
CI
, 0.07–0.22;
P
≤0.001) at follow‐up after covariate adjustment. These differences in high‐frequency
HRV
and root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals are equivalent to ≈6 to 20 years differences in chronological age. Compared with participants who reduced their healthy lifestyle scores, those with stable scores displayed higher subsequent high‐frequency
HRV
(β=0.24; 95% CI, 0.01–0.48;
P
=0.046) and higher root mean square of successive differences of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (β=0.15; 95%
CI
, 0.01–0.29;
P
=0.042).

Conclusions

Maintaining healthy lifestyles is positively associated with cardiac vagal functioning, and these beneficial adaptations may be lost if not sustained.
Association of Circulating Ceramides With Cardiac Structure and Function in the Community: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Nwabuo Chike C. , Duncan Meredith , Xanthakis Vanessa , Peterson Linda R. , Mitchell Gary F. , McManus David , Cheng Susan , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: September 2019

Background

A higher circulating plasma ceramide ratio (C16:0/C24:0) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, even after accounting for standard risk factors including lipid markers. However, the pathobiological mechanisms that underlie this association are incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that plasma ceramide ratio (C16:0/C24:0) is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in the community.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 2652 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age, 66±9 years; 55% women) who attended their eighth examination cycle and underwent routine echocardiography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry–based assays for circulating ceramide concentrations. We used multivariable linear regression models to relate C16:0/C24:0 (independent variable) to the following echocardiographic measures (dependent variables; separate models for each): left ventricular mass, left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial emptying fraction, left atrial end‐systolic volume, E/e′ (a measure of left ventricular diastolic function), and left ventricular global circumferential and longitudinal strain by speckle‐tracking echocardiography. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, higher C16:0/C24:0 per standard deviation increment was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (0.991‐fold change in left ventricular ejection fraction;
P
=0.0004), worse global circumferential strain (β=0.34,
P
=0.004), higher left atrial end‐systolic volume (β=2.48, p<0.0001), and lower left atrial emptying fraction (0.99‐fold change;
P
<0.0001). The C16:0/C24:0 ratio was not associated with either E/e′ or global longitudinal strain, and the association with higher left ventricular mass was rendered statistically nonsignificant upon correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

Our cross‐sectional observations in a large community‐based sample are consistent with a potential detrimental impact of higher ceramide ratio (C16:0/24:0) on cardiac remodeling traits, which may partly explain the associations of these molecular species with clinical heart failure.
Hansenia pinnatiinvolucellata is conspecific with H. weberbaueriana (Apiaceae) based on morphology and molecular data

Authors: JIA SHENG-BIN , GUO XIAN-LIN , ZHOU SONG-DONG , HE XING-JIN
Published: September 2019

Hansenia pinnatiinvolucellata and H. weberbaueriana have been recorded to co-occur in Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions. However, there were no reliable distinguishing characters to identify them. In our research, we explored key morphological characters through field work, specimen examinations and original literature reviews and reconstructed the phylogeny based on nuclear ITS regions, to determine the relationship between H. pinnatiinvolucellata and H. weberbaueriana. Morphological results indicated that the key, unique morphological characters (entire or pinnati bracteoles longer than pedicels and fruit with 3 ribs) of H. pinnatiinvolucellata were occurs simultaneously in some populations of H. weberbaueriana. Phylogenetic analyses also reveal that H. pinnatiinvolucellata and H. weberbaueriana are nested together. So, H. pinnatiinvolucellata should be a synonym of H. weberbaueriana.
Accuracy of a Modern Intraoperative Navigation System for Temporal Bone Surgery in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Kaul Vivian Z. , Cosetti Maura K. , Wanna George B.
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To determine the accuracy of a modern navigation system in temporal bone surgery. While routine in other specialties, navigation has had limited use in the temporal bone due to issues of accuracy, perceived impracticality, and value.

Study Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Temporal bone laboratory.

Subjects and Methods

Eighteen cadaveric specimens were dissected after rigid fiducials were implanted and computed tomography scans were obtained. Target registration and target localization errors were then measured at various points.

Results

The mean overall target registration error was 0.48 ± 0.29 mm. The mean target localization error was 0.54 mm at the sinodural angle, 0.48 mm at the lateral semicircular canal, 0.55 mm at the round window, 0.39 mm at the oval window, and 0.52 mm at the second genu of the facial nerve.

Conclusion

A modern navigation system demonstrated submillimeter accuracy for all points of interest. Its use in clinical as well as training settings has yet to be fully elucidated.
The Conservative Upsurge and Labor Policy in the States
Authors: DiGrazia Joseph , Dixon Marc
Published: September 2019

During the early- to mid-2010s, there was a dramatic upsurge in conservative legislation restricting labor unions in U.S. states. The sweeping Republican victories at the state level in the 2010 midterm elections certainly enabled this legislative surge, though not all states controlled by conservative governments passed such legislation and there was considerable variation in the number of laws passed among states that did. Understanding the conditions under which restrictive labor laws are passed is important for labor scholarship as well as broader academic debates on corporate power and political influence. Using a longitudinal negative binomial regression analysis, this article evaluates the role of organized business and conservative mobilization on state labor policies between 2011 and 2016. Our findings are consistent with and extend literature emphasizing the growing influence of corporate interests on politics today. At the same time, the authors find little support for explanations emphasizing the economic aftershocks of the Great Recession and public opinion and find no evidence that grassroots pressure impacted state laws.
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase controls blood-meal digestion in the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Li Xuemei , Yang Jinyu , Pu Qian , Peng Xinyue , Xu Lili , Liu Shiping
Published: September 2019

Background

FemaleAedes aegyptimosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses that cause diverse diseases of public health significance. Blood protein digestion by midgut proteases provides anautogenous mosquitoes with the nutrients essential for oocyte maturation and egg production. Midgut-specific miR-1174 affects the functions of the midgut through its target geneserine hydroxymethyltransferase(SHMT). However, less is known aboutSHMT-regulated processes in blood digestion by mosquitoes.

Methods

RNAi ofSHMTwas realized by injection of the double-stranded RNA at 16 h post-eclosion. The expression ofSHMTat mRNA level and protein level was assayed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad7 using Student’s t-test.

Results

Here, we confirmed that digestion of blood was inhibited inSHMTRNAi-silenced femaleA. aegyptimosquitoes. Evidence is also presented that allSHMT-depleted female mosquitoes lost their flight ability and died within 48 h of a blood meal. Furthermore, most examined digestive enzymes responded differently in their transcriptional expression to RNAi depletion ofSHMT, with some downregulated, some upregulated and some remaining stable. Phylogenetic analysis showed that transcriptional expression responses toSHMTsilence were largely unrelated to the sequence similarity between these enzymes.

Conclusions

Overall, this research shows thatSHMTwas expressed at a low level in the midgut ofAedes aegyptimosquitoes, but blood-meal digestion was inhibited whenSHMTwas silenced. Transcriptional expressions of different digestive enzymes were affected in response toSHMTdepletion, suggesting thatSHMTis required for the blood-meal digestion in the midgut and targetingSHMTcould provide an effective strategy for vector mosquito population control.
Lay Health Worker-Led Cancer Symptom Screening Intervention and the Effect on Patient-Reported Satisfaction, Health Status, Health Care Use, and Total Costs: Results From a Tri-Part Collaboration
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Ramirez David , Agajanian Richy , Agajanian Hilda , Bhattacharya Jay , Bundorf Kate M.
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE:

Poor patient experiences and increasing costs from undertreated symptoms require approaches that improve patient-reported outcomes and lower expenditures. We developed and evaluated the effect of a lay health worker (LHW)-led symptom screening intervention on satisfaction, self-reported overall and mental health, health care use, total costs, and survival.

METHODS:

From November 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016, we enrolled in this study all newly diagnosed Medicare Advantage enrollees with stage 3 or 4 solid tumors or hematologic malignancies who were receiving care in a community oncology practice. We evaluated symptom changes from baseline to 12 months for the intervention group. We compared with a control group (a historical cohort of Medicare Advantage enrollees diagnosed with cancer from November 1, 2014, to October 31, 2015) changes in satisfaction and overall and mental health with validated assessments at diagnosis and 5 months postdiagnosis, 12-month health care use, total costs, and survival.

RESULTS:

Among 186 patients in the intervention group and 102 in the control group, most were female and non-Hispanic white or Hispanic, and the mean age was 79 years. There were no survival differences between the groups. Relative to the control group, the intervention group experienced improvements in satisfaction with care (difference-in-difference: 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.63), overall health (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.49 to 3.32), and mental or emotional health (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.46 to 3.38) over time; fewer hospitalizations (mean ± standard deviation: 0.72 ± 0.96 v 1.02 ± 1.44; P = .03) and emergency department visits per 1,000 members per year (0.61 ± 0.98 v 0.92 ± 1.53; P = .03), and lower median (interquartile range) total health care costs ($21,266 [$8,102-$47,900] v $31,946 [$15,754-$57,369]; P = .02).

CONCLUSION:

An LHW-led symptom screening intervention could be one solution to improve value-based cancer care.
Biocerrado
Authors: De Melo Edmar Isaias , Silva Luis Fernando Vieira da , Filho José Vieira , Bortolo Larissa de Souza
Published: September 2019

O grupo de pesquisa e extensão em Recursos Naturais e Agrícolas (RENAGRI) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, campus Monte Carmelo, tem desenvolvido projetos de extensão que buscam incentivar agricultores familiares na produção agroecológica e orgânica, além do reaproveitamento de resíduos. O trabalho objetivou relatar as experiências de construção de saberes relacionadas à temática reaproveitamento de resíduos, produção de biofertilizante e qualidade de solo, com agricultores familiares, em transição agroecológica do município de Monte Carmelo, MG. O estudo de campo apresentado neste artigo contribuiu para que os agricultores vivenciassem práticas agroecológicas que os distanciassem do modelo convencional de produção e ampliassem sua inserção no modelo baseado em sistemas de produção sustentáveis, que equilibram interesses sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Ao mesmo tempo, foram evidenciadas atividades da agricultura orgânica como uma estratégia na promoção da qualidade de vida e de valores sociais no ambiente da agricultura familiar. Já os alunos de graduação, que participaram direta ou indiretamente, puderam vivenciar experiências de conhecimentos significativos trazidos pelos agricultores que se fundiram ao conhecimento científico, o que contribuiu na formação do perfil dos graduandos, com foco na sustentabilidade, trabalho coletivo e humanizado dentro dos saberes da agroecologia
Youth Assets, Neighborhood Factors, and Alcohol Use: A Study of Health Disparities
Authors: Oman Roy F. , Vesely Sara K. , Boeckman Lindsay , Tolma Eleni L. , Aspy Cheryl B.
Published: September 2019

Objective: We identified possible health disparities in prospective associations among youth assets, neighborhood environmental variables, and alcohol use. Methods: Participants were 1111 racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse youth and their parents. Seventeen
youth assets assessed at Waves 1 to 4 and neighborhood factors at Wave 1 to 4 were used to make a prospective prediction of youth alcohol use at Waves 2-5 while considering youth race/ethnicity and parental income. We assessed youth alcohol use as alcohol use in the past 30 days and binge
drinking in the past 6 months. We analyzed our data using marginal logistic regression. Results: Assets were prospectively associated with the absence of alcohol use in the past 30 days and binge drinking in the past 6 months for black, white and Hispanic youth, and for youth in most
income categories (adjusted odds ratio range = 1.5-2.9). There were few statistically significant associations between the neighborhood environment and alcohol use outcomes. Conclusion: The results do not support the notion that the protective effects of youth assets and neighborhood
environmental factors from youth alcohol use differ by youth race/ethnicity or parental income.
The Role of Medical Tourism in Cancer Screening among Korean Immigrant Women
Authors: Jang Sou Hyun , Lee Eun Jeong , Lim Jae A. , Vu Thuy , Taylor Victoria M. , Ko Linda K.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Korean immigrant (KI) women have lower breast and cervical cancer screening rates than other Asian women subgroups. Medical tourism has emerged as a strong predictor for some types of cancer screening but has not been examined thoroughly with breast and cervical cancer
screening. This study examines the association between medical tourism and breast and cervical cancer screening among KI women. Methods: Data came from a cross-sectional study examining health behaviors of KIs in the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area. Women ages 40-74 years were
included in the analysis (N = 102). Outcomes were up-to-date with breast cancer screening and up-to-date with cervical cancer screening. Predictors included socio-demographics, health factors, acculturation, worry about cost of care, and medical tourism. Data analysis included logistic regression.
Results: In multivariate modeling, medical tourism was the only predictor associated with both breast and cervical cancer screening. Women who engaged in medical tourism had greater odds of being up-to-date with breast cancer and cervical cancer screening respectively, compared to those
not engaged in medical tourism. Conclusion: Many KI women are participating in medical tourism for cancer care. Our findings have broad implications for KI women in the US and their US providers.
Correlations between age of Bali bull and semen production at National Artificial Insemination Center, Singosari - Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha C. D. , Herwijanti E. , Novianti I. , Furqon A. , Septian W. A. , Busono W. , Suyadi S.
Published: September 2019

The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation of age of Bali bull to the body weight and semen qualities. The materials were 50 Balibulls data collected from 2012 to 2018. Therecordeddatawere consisted ofsemen productions (n = 1304) and body weight (n = 1544). The observation was conducted to analysis the interrelationship between the Bali bulls age and body weight (BW), to the semen volume (SV), individual motility (IM) and sperm concentration (SC). The obtained data was analyzed with One-Way ANOVA analysisby using SPSS 24 and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to determine any significant differences. The correlation between Bali bulls age (the independent variable) and semen quality (the dependent variable) was computed by using Pearson correlation method and presented in linear regression models. The results showed that the Bali bulls agesignificantly affect (P<0.05) the BW from the age of 1 to 10 years old. The age also showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the semen qualities. The age correlated significantly (P<0.05) with BW, SV, IM, SC were 0.658, 0.386, 0.134 and 0.086, respectively. Inconclusion,the age of Bali bull could be used as an indicator todetermineits BWand semenqualities.
Prevalence of HIV testing and counseling and associated factors among secondary school students in Botswana
Authors: Bodika Stephane M. , Lekone Phenyo E. , Loeto Peter , Alwano Mary G. , Zulu Thekiso C. , Kim Evelyn , Machao Gape , Voetsch Andrew C.
Published: September 2019

Background: The World Health Organization recommends HIV testing and counseling (HTC) for all adolescents living in countries with generalized HIV epidemics. In Botswana, HIV prevalence among adolescents 15–19 years is 3.7% and among pregnant adolescents is 10%. We describe the proportion and characteristics of secondary school students who have accessed HTC.

Methods: A multistage sample survey was conducted among students in Botswana’s public secondary schools in 2010. The survey was self-administered using a personal digital assistant device. The HTC rate was estimated using self-reported history of HIV testing.

Results: Of 1,632 participants, 52% were girls, 43% aged below 16 years, and 27% had ever had sexual intercourse. Most (81%) students knew where to get tested for HIV. Overall, 2.2% of students were HIV positive by self-report. The HTC rate was 23% overall, 34% among students who had ever had sexual intercourse, and 45% among students who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months. Being pregnant or having made someone pregnant and having had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months were associated with having been tested for HIV among students who had ever had sexual intercourse.

Discussion: Overall, the HTC rate was low, and the self- reported HIV prevalence was high among secondary students in Botswana. Most sexually active students have never been tested for HIV. Health communications efforts for adolescents that increase demand for HTC, routine opt-out HIV testing in healthcare facilities, and school-based HIV testing are needed as part of a national HIV prevention strategy.
Knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and estimation of frequency of condom use among Iranian students based on a crosswise model
Authors: Vakilian Katayon , Abbas Mousavi Seyed , Keramat Afsaneh , Chaman Reza
Published: September 2019

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy and condom use among Iranian students.

Methods:

Knowledge, attitudes towards condoms and self-efficacy of condom use questionnaire were translated and back translated. Then content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) questions higher than 0.6 and 0.71 were accepted, respectively. A “crosswise model” was used to estimate condom use. After pretest on 10 students, reliability test was done by test-re-test and Cronbach’s α. A multi stage sampling was done for 1500 students in Shahroud universities. They filled in a self administered questionnaire and gave it back to the researcher after 40–50 min.

Findings:

Knowledge, in females was (3.03±1.1) and in males was (3.53±0.83) (p=0.001). Also a small percentage of the students, i.e. 83 girls (9.1%) and six boys (1.1%) had good self-efficacy of condom use (p=0.001). Estimates relating to the use of condoms with a crosswise test showed that 16% of girls (CI=16, 24) and 27% of boys (CI=17, 38) had used a condom during intercourse.

Conclusion:

It seems that these three important indicators of reproductive health should be incorporated in AIDS control programs and training programs should emphasize it more.
Über den Einfluß von Gasen, besonders von Sauerstoffspuren, auf die elektrischen Eigenschaften von aufgedampften PbS-Schichten
Authors: Hintenberger Heinrich
Published: September 2019

Es wurde der Einfluß von Stickstoff, Argon, Luft, Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff auf elektrische Leitfähigkeit und Thermokraft von Bleisulfid untersucht. Während Stickstoff und Argon die elektrischen Eigenschaften in keiner Weise beeinflussen, zeigen Luft und besonders Sauerstoff schon in geringen Spuren eine starke - Wirkung. Und zwar hat Sauerstoffeinwirkung qualitativ die gleichen Folgen wie eine Schwefelbehandlung. Die Überschußstörstellen bestehen wahrscheinlich aus Schwefellücken im Bleisulfidgitter, die bei einer Sauerstoffbehandlung von 0= Ionen ausgefüllt werden. Tempern in Wasserstoff erhöht die Leitfähigkeit überbleiter PbS-Schichten. Ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Störstellenzahl wird angegeben
Diffusions- und Sedimentationsmessungen zur Bestimmung des Molekulargewichtes von Proteinen und hochpolymeren Kunststoffen
Authors: Bergold Gernot
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Es wird über Diffusions- und Sedimentationsmessungen mit einer abgeänderten Diffusionsapparatur und einer umgebauten Phy we-Ultrazentrifuge berichtet. Die Ergebnisse dieser Messungen sind in den Tabellen 1-5 zusammengestellt.
Isomere zu stabilen Kernen durch Neutroneneinfang bei Dysprosium und Hafnium
Authors: Flammersfeld Arnold
Published: September 2019

Beim Bestrahlen von Dysprosium mit verlangsamten D + D-Neutronen wurde eine neue Aktivität der Halbwertszeit T = 1,25 Min. gefunden, die eine ungewöhnlich kleine Energie der ausgesandten Elektronen (130 KeV) aufweist. Aus Betrachtungen im Sargent-Diagramm ließ sich zeigen, daß kein ß-Zerfall, sondern ein Isomerenübergang vorliegt. Der angeregte Dysprosiumkern entsteht durch Neutroneneinfang aus dem nächstniedrigeren Dysprosium- Isotop. Mit Hilfe der Häufigkeiten der Dysprosium-Isotope und der Mat tauch - sehen Regeln für Kernisomerie wurde die neue Halbwertszeit dem 163Dy* zugeordnet. Beim Hafnium ergab sich mit langsamen Neutronen eine ebenfalls noch nicht bekannte Aktivität der Halbwertszeit T - 19 Sek. Hier liegt ein Isomeren-Übergang vor, der dem beim Dy völlig analog ist und dem angeregten 177, 179Hf* zugeordnet wurde.
Theorie Der Hochstrombogensäule
Authors: Höcker Karl-Heinz , Finkelnburg Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Es wird die Elenbaas-Heller sehe Energiebilanz der Lichtbogensäule über die Rompe - Schulz sehe Erweiterung (Energietransport infolge Ionisation der Gasmoleküle) hinaus durch ein neues Glied ergänzt, das dem Energietransport infolge der Dissoziation der Moleküle im Innern der Entladung Rechnung trägt. Die verschiedenen Anteile am Energietransport werden berechnet. Die Energiebilanz kann im Fall des Hochstrombogens durch eine Bessei - Funktion integriert werden. Es ergibt sich eine Mittelpunktstemperatur von - 11000° K.
Darstellung eines Azulens vom Guaj-Azulen-Typus aus m-Cymol
Authors: Hippchen Hermann
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Aus m-Cymol wurde über 2-Methyl-4-isopropyl-benzylchlorid (IV) durch Acetessigesterkondensation und nachfolgende Cyclisierung 1.4-Dimethyl-6-isopropyl-inden-carbonsäure- (2) (IX) dargestellt, welche, decarboxyliert, zum Indan I reduziert wurde. Das Indan I lieferte bei der Behandlung mit Diazoessigester nach Pfau und Plattner schließlich ein Azulen vom Guaj-Typus, dessen Identität mit natürlichem Guaj-Azulen noch nicht bewiesen werden konnte.
Die Bedeutung des Stickoxydes für die Trägerdichte in einer Niederstrombogensäule in Luft
Authors: Höcker Karl-Heinz
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Es wird eine Berechnung der Elektronendichte n(r) auf Grund thermischer Ionisation unter konsequenter Berücksichtigung der Ionisation des Stickoxydes vorgenommen. Es er- gibt sich danach Übereinstimmung zwischen der bekannten Ionisierungsspannung und dem experimentell bestimmten Ionisierungsgrad des Trägergases.
Über die Anwendbarkeit der Sattelpunktsmethode bei tiefen Temperaturen am Beispiel des idealen Bose-Gases
Authors: Leibfried Günther
Published: September 2019

F. London und R.H. Fowler haben das Verhalten des idealen Bose-Gases berechnet und dabei die seinerzeit durch A. Einstein vertretene Auffassung über " das Verhalten eines solchen Gases bestätigt. Diese Rechnungen sind deswegen von Interesse, weil charakteristische Züge des flüssigen Heliums, wie etwa das Maximum der spezifischen Wärme, in diesem idealen Modell bereits enthalten sind . Nun sind die bei diesen Rechnungen benutzten Methoden, z. B. die Sattelpunktsmethode, Näherungs-verfahren,, und in einer kürzlich erschienenen Arbeit hat G. Schubert bewiesen, daß bei tiefen Temperaturen, das sind beim Idealen Gas Temperaturen von der Größen-ordnung der Einstein sehen Kondensationstemperatur, die Sattelpunktsmethode in der üblichen Form keine gute Näherung mehr sein kann. Weiterhin wurde in dieser Arbeit der Vermutung Ausdruck gegeben, daß damit bei diesen Temperaturen auch die normale Form der Bose-Verteilung nicht mehr richtig sein könne, sondern daß diese durch eine Reihe von zunächst ziemlich undurchsichtigen Zusatzgliedern zu ergänzen sei. Dieses Ergebnis stellt die Rechnungen von London und Fowler in Frage, da ersterer die übliche Form der Bose-Verteilung benutzt, letzterer die Sattel-punktsmethode anwendet. Es ist das Ziel dieser Betrachtung, zu zeigen, daß trotz des Versagens der Sattelpunktsmethode im üblichen Sinn die aus diesem Verfahren abgeleiteten Ergebnisse volle Gültigkeit behalten in dem Sinne, daß auch die übliche Bose-Formel bei allen Temperaturen ihre Geltung behält.
Zur Frage des innermolekularen Energietransportes
Authors: Schüler Hermann
Published: September 2019

Beim Studium der Emissionsspektren organischer Substanzen in der Glimmentladung zeigen Mono-, Di-und Triderivate des Benzols, daß im Gegensatz zur Absorption beim Vorhandensein bestimmter Substituenten die der s Ringanregung entsprechende Emission fehlt. Da gezeigt wird, daß naheliegende physikalische und chemische Erschei-nungen für eine Deutung des Effektes nicht in Frage kommen, wird versucht, durch Einführung des Begriffes der "Massenreihe" zu einer Erklärung zu gelangen. Danach werden für die "Blockierung" der Ringanregung bestimmte Atome bzw. Atomgruppen im Sybstituenten verantwortlich gemacht, wobei diejenigen Atome, die durch starke Bindungen (z. B.t Doppel-und Dreifachbindungen) zusammengehalten sind, bezüglich ihrer Massen zu einer einheitlichen Gruppe zusammengefaßt werden. Wenn nun im Substituenten Massen vorhanden sind, die größer sind als die in diesem Sinne definier-ten Atomgruppen innerhalb des Benzolringes, so bleibt die Anregung des Benzolringes in der Emission aus. Liegt dagegen die größere Masse im Benzolring selbst, so wird die der Absorption entsprechende Emission beobachtet. Eine diesen Verhältnissen bei den Benzolderivaten analoge Erscheinung wird auch bei der C:0-Bindung gefunden. Es wird weiter gezeigt, daß das Verhalten dieser Substanzen bei Fluoreszenz (Schwächung der Intensität bzw. Ausbleiben der Fluoreszenz) ebenfalls durch diese Betrachtungs-weise verständlich gemacht werden kann. Es handelt sich um eine Wanderung der Elektronenenergie innerhalb eines Moleküls nach der Stelle hin, wo sich die relativ größte Masse und damit auch die relativ kleinste Schwingungsfrequenz befindet. Dieser Prozeß setzt eine bestimmte Wechselwirkung des Substituenten mit dem Benzolring voraus, wie Beobachtungen über die Reichweite ergeben. Es wird schließlich ein Elektronen-energie-Speicherungseffekt im Einzelmolekül diskutiert.
Resonanz-Energie und Protonenaffinität von Säureanionen
Authors: Briegleb Günther
Published: September 2019

Abschnitt I2 . Es wird zunächst eine kurze Zusammenfassung von Ergebnissen vorangegangener Arbeiten des Verf. gegeben.

Der Unterschied der Säurestärke N = - RT In k verschiedener einfacher, unsubstituierter Säuren, z. B. H2O, Phenol, Essigsäure und HCl, beruht in erster Linie auf Verschiedenheit in den Dissoziationsivärmen (Enthalpieänderung ΔH bei der Dissoziation). Der Entropieeinfluß T ΔS ist von zweiter Bedeutung.

ΔH enthält vor allem die Protonenaffinität (PA) des Säureanions. Aber auch die Differenz der Hydratationswärmen HyHs -Hys _ der undissoziierten Säure HS und des Säureanions S - ist maßgebend.

Es werden die aus z. Tl. besonders gemessenen thermochemischen Daten berechneten PA verschiedener Säureanionen und die Hydratationswärmen von S- und SH berechnet und mit ΔH, TΔS und N in Verbindung gebracht.

Abschnitt II. Es wird die PA in verschiedene Energieanteile aufgeteilt. W i r betrachten die Säuregruppe -OH.

1. H2O: Nach Abdissoziation von H unter Zufuhr der Bindungsenergie ( BE )OH = HO kcal wird das H unter Zufuhr der lonisierungsenergie ( IE )H = 312 kcal ionisiert und das Elektron dem - O zugeführt, wobei die Elektronenaffinitätsenergie (EA)_O = 30 kcal gewonnen wird: P A _ HO _ = BE_OH + EA_O = 110 + 312 - - 30 = 392 kcal.

2. Phenol und die Carbonsäuren: Bei resonanzfähigen Systemen, wie z. B. Phenol und - COOH, enthält die EA des Säureradikals PhO und - COO, das durch Abspaltung des; H entsteht, noch zusätzlich zwei Energieanteile:

a) Die Energie Δ BE einer Resonanzverbesserung beim Übergang von PhO zu PhO , bzw. von - COO zu - COO-.

b) Einen Energieanteil Δ (Coul. E + Ind. E), der der Änderung der klassischen elektrostatischen und induktiven Wechselwirkung von Dipolen und Ladungen entspricht, a) und b ) geben zusammen eine Verbesserung des inneren Bindungsenergiezustandes Δ ( BE ) bei der Säuredissoziation, die eine Erhöhung der Acidität zur Folge hat, im Vergleich etwa zu H2O oder den Alkoholen.

Die Verbesserung des inneren Bindungszustandes bei der Säuredissoziation ΔBEPhO→PhO-
Schwankungen von Entladungsparametern bei Vorstromentladungen und Schwankungsmessungen
Authors: Fucks Wilhelm
Published: September 2019

Es werden für Korona-und Townsend-Entladungen rechnerische und experimentelle Abhängigkeiten des Entladungsstromes sowie der Steilheit (Differentialquotient des Entladungsstromes nach einem Entladungsparameter) und der Empfindlichkeit (logarithmische Steilheit) von den Entladungsparametern gegeben. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Schwankungsempfindlichkeiten und die Verhältnisse bei gleichzeitigem Schwanken mehrerer Parameter werden diskutiert. Als Anwendungsbeispiele der Korona-Entladung für anemometrische Schwankungsmessungen und trägheits- und rückwirkungsfreie Schwingungsmessungen werden Aufnahmen von Turbulenz, Kärmänschen Wirbelstraßen, Korrelationen und von der Schwingung einer Lautsprechermembran gegeben.
Zur Theorie des Lorentzschen Gasgemischs
Authors: Waldmann Ludwig
Published: September 2019

Beim Lorentzschen Gasgemisch mit beliebiger molekularer Wechselwirkung bestehen zwischen dem Diffusionskoeffizienten D12, dem Thermodiffusionsfaktor a, dem Wärmeleitkoeffizienten des Gemisches λ und demjenigen der reinen schweren Komponente λ2 die Beziehungen

α= (∂In D12 ,/∂ In T )p - 2 ; λ = n1D12k (5/2 + d (αT)/d T) + λ2 Temperatur, p = Druck, n1 = Teilchendichte der leichten Komponente, k = Boltzmann- Konstante.) Zur Aufstellung der zweiten Beziehung ist es nötig, auch die Geschwindigkeitsverteilung der schweren Atome näherungsweise zu kennen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sie die gleiche ist wie bei Abwesenheit der leichten Komponente
Beobachtungen an anomalen Brennerflammen
Authors: Jost W. , Sieg L.
Published: September 2019

Im folgenden wird in der Hauptsache ein größeres Material von direkten und Schattenaufnahmen gestörter Brennerflammen reproduziert. Dabei werden z. Tl. unerwartet irreguläre Strukturen beobachtet. Die Möglichkeiten der Deutung dieser Erscheinungen werden diskutiert.
Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Fluoreszenzspektrums von Anthracen bei Anregung mit Licht und Kathodenstrahlen
Authors: Hengst Konrad
Published: September 2019

Das Spektrum des festen Anthracens zeigt ebenso wie die von anderen Autoren untersuchte Abklingzeit eine Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. Sowohl bei Anregung mit ultraviolettem Licht als auch bei Kathodenstrahlanregung nimmt mit abnehmender Temperatur die Intensität der kurzwelligsten Banden auf Kosten der langwelligeren zu. Die Gestalt des Spektrums ist weder von der Bestrahlungsdauer noch von der Elektronengeschwindigkeit abhängig, sofern man von der lokalen Erwärmung absieht. Ein gänzlich anderes Verhalten als die reine Substanz zeigt das Anthracen in fester Lösung. Hier überwiegt bereits bei Zimmertemperatur die kurzwelligste Bande die übrigen wesentlich an Intensität, während kein Temperatureinfluß mehr festzustellen ist. Ist dagegen das Anthracen mit einer anderen Substanz verunreinigt, so zeigten die Anthracenbanden die bereits oben angeführte Temperaturabhängigkeit, während die Banden der Verunreinigung sich wie diejenigen des Anthracens in fester Lösung verhalten.
Electron Emission from Core and Valence States of Some Semiconductors
Authors: Langer Dietrich W.
Published: September 2019

Measurements of the energy distributions of emitted electrons from Si, GaP, and ZnS allowed the determination of the relative positions of some core levels of these materials and the optical density of states of the valence band in Si. These energy levels were determined relative to the Fermi level. The electron emission was induced by monochromatic X-rays (AlKα). These results are compared with values obtained from OPW calculations for the valence bands and selfconsistent Hartree-Fock-Slater calculations for the core states.
The Relation between D/H and T/H Isotopie Fractionation in Some Reactions of Chemical Interest
Authors: Weston Ralph E.
Published: September 2019

Reduced partition functions for deuterium- and tritium-substituted H2O, H2S, H2Se, NH3, PH3, AsH3, CH3OH, CH3SH, HCCH, CH3CCH, and HCONH2 have been calculated over the temperature range 100 to 1000° K. Isotopic fractionation factors for the exchange of these molecules with H2O have also been computed, and a comparison with experiment is made. The correlation between tritium and deuterium isotope effects is discussed.
A further Consideration of the Correlation Factor for Impurity Diffusion in the Diamond Structure
Authors: Bakker H. , Mirani H.V.M.
Published: September 2019

The correlation factor for impurity diffusion by single vacancies in the diamond structure is calculated taking into account eight distinct vacancy-atom exchange rates. Arguments are given that such a model is physically more realistic than the usual four frequency model. It turns out that the difference from the results obtained by the latter model can become large.

A long range Coulombic impurity-vacancy interaction is also included.
Hyperchaos in the Post-Breakdown Regime of p-Germanium
Authors: Peinke J. , Röhricht B. , Mühlbach A. , Parisi J. , Nöldeke Ch. , Huebener R. P. , Rössler O. E.
Published: September 2019

p-Ge electrically driven into the post-breakdown regime at liquid-He temperatures produces voltage oscillations which can be attributed to the formation of a chaotic attractor. Under variation of an applied magnetic field, a change in this attractor takes place which apparently reflects an increase in attractor dimensionality. A sequence of phase plots is presented which is interpreted as a transition from ordinary chaos to hyperchaos.
The S1 → Sn and T1→ TnAbsorption Spectra of Some Anthracene Derivatives
Authors: Szczepański Jan , Heidt Józef
Published: September 2019

A method for the determination of excited state absorption cross section spectra with a laser flash spectrometer is demonstrated. In the region 405-660 nm the cross sections of seven aromatic compounds in not degased dioxan at room temperature have been determined. The data obtained for anthracene are compared with those of other authors.
Topological Properties of Benzenoid Systems. XXXVII. Characterization of Certain Chemical Graphs
Authors: Gutman Ivan , El-Basil Sherif
Published: September 2019

Caterpillar trees, playing a significant role in the aromatic sextet theory of benzenoid hydrocarbons, have been characterized.