bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Selective Solar Absorber in High Vacuum Flat Solar Thermal Panels: The Role of Emissivity and Cut-Off Wavelength
Authors: De Maio Davide , D'Alessandro Carmine , Caldarelli Antonio , Musto Marilena , De Luca Daniela , Di Gennaro Emiliano , Russo Roberto
Published: August 2020

A multilayer structure on a metallic substrate has been optically simulated and the optimization procedure aimed at obtaining Selective Solar Absorber (SSA) is discussed. This study refers to flat high vacuum thermal collectors and the overall Sun-to-thermal conversion efficiency has been evaluated using analytical formula and numerical thermal model. Both methods are in agreement and they have been validated using experimental results on a commercial absorber. The importance of a low emittance value to obtain high thermal efficiency at high temperatures and high stagnation temperature in selective solar absorber is highlighted. Optimized absorbers can be 8% more efficient than the commercial alternative at 250 °C operating temperatures and up to 27% more efficient at 300 °C. A stagnation temperature higher than 400 °C can be reached without Sun concentration if the proper design is adopted.
Vegetation Survival in Green Roofs without Irrigation
Authors: Raimondi Anita , Marchioni Mariana , Sanfilippo Umberto , Becciu Gianfranco
Published: August 2020

The Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems on stormwater management provide benefits for sewer networks, treatment plants and environment and should be encouraged. Green roofs are part of these systems and can contribute both to delay and cut peak runoff and reduce discharged volumes. In this paper the probability of vegetation survival without irrigation has been proposed as a guide to operators on selecting vegetation and irrigation system as well as design parameters. An analytical probabilistic approach has been proposed; a chain of consecutive rainfall events has been considered to take into account the possibility that storage capacity is not completely available at the beginning of the considered event but pre-filled from previous rainfalls, as typical of green roofs. Finally, an application to a case study has been proposed to validate proposed equations.
Study on Physical Properties of Mortar for Section Restoration Using Calcium Nitrite and CO2 Nano-Bubble Water
Authors: Kim Ho-jin , Choi Hyeonggil , Choi Heesup , Lee Bokyeong , Lee Dongwoo , Lee Dong-Eun
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the physical properties of section-restoration mortar with calcium nitrite and carbon dioxide (CO2) nanobubble mixing water to develop materials and methods for the repair and reinforcement of cracks in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. As the calcium nitrite content increased, the generation rate and generated amount of nitrite-based hydration products increased, owing to the rapid reaction between NO2- ions in calcium nitrite and C3A(Al2O3). Further, the reaction with C3S and C2S was accelerated, thereby increasing the generation rates of Ca(OH)2 and C-S-H. Further, the large amount of Ca2+ ions in these hydration products reacted with CO32- ions in CO2 nanobubble water, thereby increasing the generation of calcite-based CaCO3 in the cement matrix. This appears to have affected the strength development and durability improvement via the densification of the structure. These results suggest that the performance of polymer cement mortar for repairing concrete structures can be improved if calcium nitrite and CO2 nanobubble water are properly combined and applied.
Long-Term Effects of Kasai Portoenterostomy for Biliary Atresia
Authors: Degtyareva Anna , Razumovskiy Alexander , Kulikova Nadezhda , Ratnikov Sergey , Filippova Elena , Gordeeva Ekaterina , Albegova Marina , Rebrikov Denis , Puchkova Anna
Published: August 2020

The prospective study enrolled 144 patients after surgical treatment of biliary atresia in early infancy. We analyze the immediate effectiveness of the surgery and the age-related structure of complications in the up to 16-year follow-up. The immediate 2-year survival rate after the surgery constituted 49.5%. At the time of this writing, 17 of the patients have celebrated their 10th birthdays with good quality of life and no indications for LT. The obtained results underscore the critical importance of surgical correction of BA by Kasai surgery during the first 60 days of life and subsequent dynamic follow-up of the patients for the purpose of the early detection and timely correction of possible complications.
Evaluating The Global State of Ecosystems and Natural Resources: within and beyond The SDGs
Authors: Dickens Christopher , McCartney Matthew , Tickner David , Harrison Ian J. , Pacheco Pablo , Ndhlovu Brown
Published: August 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) purport to report holistically on progress towards sustainability and do so using more than 231 discrete indicators with a primary objective to achieve a balance between the environment, social and economic aspects of development. The research question underpinning the analyses presented in this paper is: are the indicators in the SDGs sufficient and fit-for-purpose to assess the trajectory of natural resources towards sustainability? We extracted the SDG indicators that monitor the state of natural resources, or alternately support policy or governance for their protection, and determined if these are adequate to provide the essential data on natural resources to achieve the aims of the SDGs. The indicators are clustered into four natural resource categories; land, water (both marine and freshwater), air and biodiversity. Indicators for monitoring land resources show that the most comprehensive land resource indicator, for degraded land, is not fully implemented and that missing from land monitoring is an evaluation of vegetation health outside of forests and mountains, the condition of soils, and most importantly the overall health of terrestrial ecosystems. Indicators for monitoring water resources have substantial gaps, unable to properly monitor water quality, water stress, many aspects of marine resources and most significantly, the health of fresh and salt water ecosystems. Indicators for monitoring of air have recently become more comprehensive, but linkage to IPCC results would benefit both programmes. Monitoring of biodiversity is perhaps the greatest weakness of the SDG Agenda, having no comprehensive assessment even though narrow aspects are monitored. Again, deliberate linkages to other global biodiversity programmes (e.g. CBD and the Post 2020 Biodiversity Framework; IPBES; Living Planet, etc.) are recommended on condition that data can be defined at a country level. While the SDG list of indicators in support of natural resource is moderately comprehensive, it lacks holistic monitoring in relation to evaluation of ecosystems and biodiversity to the extent that these missing but vital measures of sustainability threaten the entire SDG Agenda. In addition, an emerging issue is that even where there are appropriate indicators, the amount of country-level data remains inadequate to fully evaluate sustainability. This signals the delicate balance between the extent and complexity of the SDG Agenda and uptake at a country level
Evolution of Primordial Dark Matter Planets in the Early Universe
Authors: Kenath Arun , O. V. Kiren , C Sivaram
Published: August 2020

In a recent paper we had discussed possibility of DM at high redshifts forming primordial planets composed entirely of DM to be one of the reasons for not detecting DM (as the flux of ambient DM particles would be consequently reduced). In this paper we discuss the evolution of these DM objects as the universe expands. As universe expands there will be accretion of DM, Helium and Hydrogen layers (discussed in detail) on these objects. As they accumulate more and more mass, the layers get heated up leading to nuclear reactions which burn H and He when a critical thickness is reached. In the case of heavier masses of these DM objects, matter can be ejected explosively. It is found that the time scale of ejection is smaller than those from other compact objects like neutron stars (that lead to x-ray bursts). These flashes of energy could be a possible observational signature for these dense DM objects.
MENGCOUNTER HOAX MELALUI INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Khoironi Farid
Published: August 2020

The purpose of study is to know the hoax and its impact for the community and how to counter hoax with the internalization of Islamic education. the research used is a qualitative descriptive method designed to collect information about ongoing situations. Hoax can be countered by the internalization of the value of Islamic education, technical there are two stages. First: the transformation of the value of Islamic education and the second is the applicative stage oriented to the improvement of attitudes and morals.
PENGARUH FAKTOR PERSONAL TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL GURU MADRASAH
Authors: Akbar Rofiq Faudy
Published: August 2020

This study aims to examine the influence of personal factors on organizational commitment. Personal factors in this study are interpreted with job choice factor, expectancy, and psychological contract variables. Research respondents were private madrasa teachers in the Central Java Indonesia. Data analysis using structural equation modeling partial least square shows that personal factors have a positive and significant effect on teacher organizational commitment. Job choice factor is the consideration of the applicant the first time someone decides to work as a teacher. Individuals have evaluated salary, the nature of the type of work as an educator, as well as long-term prospects such as the possibility to become permanent teachers of a madrasa / school and the opportunity to get certified. Teachers have expectations regarding financial and non-financial compensation and hope the head of the madrasa or foundation provides reciprocity or appreciation for their sacrifice to the organization. Teachers always expect a positive response from the  head of the madrasa/foundation, as their workload increases. Positive responses from the head of the madrasa/foundation provided their commitment to work and organization will always increase, conversely.

 
Energy Efficiency of a Small Bioreactor in Various Climatic Zones
Authors: Isakov V. G , Abramova A. A. , Dyagelev M. Yu.
Published: August 2020

The authors proposed a model for estimating the heat balance and energy efficiency of a bioreactor that makes possible for a small-sized reactor operating on a relatively low-energy substrate to determine the critical volume, under which the existing climatic conditions allow year-round fully autonomous operation of the digester, as well as for evaluation the potential energy efficiency of such a bioreactor (output commodity heat). For the numerical characteristics of the climatic zone, it is proposed to use the average annual temperature and/or the “degree-day of the heating period” (DDHP) indicator common in construction heat engineering; the DDHP value more adequately characterizing the unevenness of the average monthly temperature distribution, i.e. degree of climate continentality. At the same time, the value of the critical volume of the bioreactor, at which year-round autonomous operation of the digester operating on the municipal sewage sludge, is possible, varies from 7.5 (Vladikavkaz, DDHP = 3410) to 17.0 m3 (Tomsk, DDHP = 6938), i. e. increases almost in proportion to the degree-day of the heating period. It should be noted that when using a substrate with a high biogas yield, e. g., pig manure (a biogas yield of 40 g/kg is adopted), the critical volume in all cases is less than 1 m3. Such results are relevant only for relatively low-energy raw materials. The nature of changes in the output of commodity heat, depending on the volume of the bioreactor and climatic conditions, is quite expectable, viz. the amount of heat that is useful for business interests is higher, the higher is the reactor volume and the milder is the climate. However, when the reactor volume is less than 5 m3, the non-linearity of the graphs is much higher, i. e. for a designer of especially small bioreactors, it seems mandatory to carry out such calculations. The obtained numerical values can be useful both for the designer of bioreactors and for the customer of the project when evaluating the economic efficiency of the planned new innovations.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Variants of the Exhaust Compartment of a Steam Turbine
Authors: Solodov V. G. , Konev V. A.
Published: August 2020

The results of a numerical study of the gas-dynamic and power characteristics of the exhaust compartment of low-pressure cylinder, including the last stage with a blade of 1100 mm length and the exhaust path, in terms of their interaction are presented. Numerical models of exhaust compartment variants, including steam extraction in front of last stage diaphragm, two steam suctions from the interring gap with a dehumidification chamber, above-band leakages, steam injection from the dehumidification chamber into the diffuser channel have been developed. The flow in each computational subdomain is described by the complete system of non-stationary Reynolds – Favre equations averaged by Navier – Stokes. Turbulent effects are described with the SST Menter model in the stage, and with the modified Spalart – Allmaras turbulence model in the path. The integration of system of equations was carried out using an author’s software package. The calculated subdomains were approximated by hexagonal grids. The solver used an implicit difference TVD-scheme of finite volumes of the 2nd order of accuracy based on the solution of the Riemann problem. A variant of the algorithm based on splitting the computational process for multiprocessor platforms was used in the calculation. The model of stage used an averaging the mass, momentum and energy fluxes in the circumferential direction in the interstage gap. One channel of the diaphragm with a pre-connected fragment, as well as one channel of the working ring and the flow in the branch pipe were calculated. Parameters were exchanged between the stage and the branch pipe on the basis of mass flow averaging. The calculations were based on a table model of wet steam in the approximation of equilibrium condensation. The variants of improvement of the flow part of the exhaust compartment were considered. A study of the operation of the compartment options for the nominal mode of the K-220-44-2M turbine of the Loviisa nuclear power plant was performed. The effectiveness of lowering the cap of the collecting chamber, controlling the flow using sheet ribs above the diffuser shell, expanding the collecting chamber in the plane of the horizontal connector, and ensuring the release of excess steam from the moisture removal chamber through the tangential slots in the lower half of the convex shell of the diffuser were analyzed.
Análisis temporal de sequías meteorológicas en la cuenca del Río Yaqui (México) y su relación con ENSO
Authors: Cerano Paredes Julián , Esquivel Arriaga Gerardo , Sánchez Cohen Ignacio , Estrada Arrellano Josué Raymundo
Published: August 2020

Este estudio analiza el comportamiento temporal de las sequías en la Cuenca del Río Yaqui (CRY), México, usando el Índice de Precipitación Estandarizado (SPI, siglas en inglés) y determina la influencia del fenómeno climático El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) en la modulación de su variabilidad. Se utilizaron 28 estaciones climáticas distribuidas en el gradiente de la cuenca y 20 km adicionales al parteaguas. Se evaluó la calidad de las series mediante pruebas de homogeneidad de varianza, se determinó su variabilidad común mediante un Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y se generó un SPI regional para el periodo 1937–2016. Los eventos de sequía más severos se registraron en los años de 1980, 1988, 1999, 2006 y 2011. El análisis espectral de coherencia de ondeletas entre el SPI y ENSO indica una relación en fase entre eventos secos y lluviosos durante el período de 1937 a 1959 a frecuencias de uno a seis años, de 1937 a 1950 en frecuencias de 10 a 11 años, de 1972 a 1974 a frecuencias de uno a dos años y de 1997 a 2005 a frecuencias de 11 a 15 años. ENSO influye significativamente en la variabilidad del SPI en la cuenca.
Los procesos de segregación residencial y socioeconómica vinculados a la desigual intervención en urbanismo y vivienda: el caso de Alicante
Authors: López-Jiménez Juan
Published: August 2020

La segregación residencial y socioeconómica es un factor asociado al crecimiento urbanístico y evolución desigual de muchas ciudades. La desigual distribución de rentas y grupos sociales en el núcleo urbano de Alicante se produce desde los primeros planes urbanísticos, pero el reciente y fuerte desarrollo inmobiliario y el gran número de viviendas ejecutadas ha sido parte causante de la agudización de esta desigualdad. La correlación de datos espaciales mediante covarianza y análisis cartográfico de las diferenciadas subunidades urbanas muestra unos resultados diferenciados dentro del nivel de competitividad y competencia intraurbana con analogía a las variables socioeconómicas. Este proceso fijado por la localización de los nuevos espacios residenciales es una aproximación a la lucha por el uso del suelo dentro de los conceptos en ecología humana, con consecuencias en el desplazamiento, dominancia, invasión-sucesión y asimilación-segregación de grupos sociales y rentas. A pesar de los recientes intentos de embridar la situación mediante la intervención en planeamiento parcial y la distribución de rentas hacia los nuevos espacios urbanos ha dejado otros espacios donde se produce un proceso de sustitución socioeconómica, por una situación de marcada desventaja estructural.
The Reduction in CD8+PD-1+ T Cells in Liver Histological Tissue is Related to Pegylated IFN-α Therapy Outcomes in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Liu Ruyu , Chen Yanhui , Guo Jiang , Li Minghui , Lu Yao , Zhang Lu , Shen Ge , Wu Shuling , Chang Min , Hu Leiping , Hao Hongxiao , Zhang Henghui , Xie Yao
Published: August 2020

Background: Antiviral therapy is recommended for patients with immune-active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to decrease the risk of liver-related complications. However, the outcomes of the pegylated IFN-α (PEG-IFN-α) therapy vary among CHB patients. We aimed to identify factors that can influence the outcomes in CHB patients who received antiviral PEG-IFN-α monotherapy.Methods: Thirty-two CHB patients who received PEG-IFN-α monotherapy were enrolled in this study. All of the patients underwent two liver biopsies at baseline and 6 months after the initiation of the therapy. CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD68 + mononuclear cells, and PD-1 levels in the 64 liver biopsy specimens were examined via immunofluorescence.Results: The overall median frequency of CD8 + T cells in the liver tissues of 32 CHB patients significantly decreased at 6 months after the therapy initiation ( p < 0.01). In the FIER (fibrosis and inflammation response with HBeAg seroconversion) group, CD8 + PD-1 + T cells significantly decreased at 6 months ( p < 0.05), while CD8 + PD-1 - T cells had no significant difference. On the contrary, in the FIENR (no fibrosis and inflammation response and HBeAg seroconversion) group, CD8 + PD-1 - T cells significantly decreased after 6 months of PEG-IFN-α treatment ( p < 0.05), while CD8 + PD-1 + T cells had no significant difference. In addition, the levels of CD68 + mononuclear cells in the FIER group showed an overall increasing trend after treatment ( p < 0.05).Conclusions: The changes in the levels of CD8 + PD-1 + T cells and CD68 + mononuclear cells may be related to the response to PEG-IFN-α therapy.
Nosocomial Tuberculosis Transmission from 2006 to 2018 in Beijing Chest Hospital, China
Authors: XIE ZHONGYAO , ZHOU NING , CHI YUQING , HUANG GUOFANG , WANG JINGPING , GAO HUI , XIE NA , MA QIANHUI , YANG NAN , Nie Wenjuan , Sun Zhaogang , CHU NAIHUI
Published: August 2020

Background: Strong evidence is lacking to support effectiveness of currently implemented tuberculosis infection prevention control (TB-IPC) measures for preventing nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) transmission. This 13-year analysis is the longest follow-up investigation to date to identify risk factors underlying nosocomial TB transmission. Methods: We monitored all staff of Beijing Chest Hospital each year from 2006 to 2018. Age, gender, duration, department, education, income, respirator, ultraviolet, and ventilation were chosen as variables. Univariate cox regression, correlation analysis, and multivariate cox regression were analyzed sequentially.Results: Using multivariable cox regression analysis, variables of income, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation conferred significant protective effects, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.499, 0.058, 0.003, and 0.015, respectively (PI<0.05). Medical N95 respirator conferred an excellent protective effect, with an associated TB infection rate of 0%. Notably, inadequately maintained mechanical ventilation systems were less protective than natural ventilation systems.Conclusions: UVGI, adequate ventilation, and medical N95 respirator use may be protective factors against nosocomial TB transmission. Adequate ventilator system training, monitoring, and regular maintenance are critical for achieving effective TB-IPC.
Peri-acetabular bone remodelling after uncemented total hip arthroplasty with monoblock press-fit cups: an observational study
Authors: Anderl Conrad , Mattiassich Georg , Ortmaier Reinhold , Steinmair Martin , Hochreiter Josef
Published: August 2020

Background: Bone stock preservation in total hip replacement is essential to allow for later revisions in an increasingly younger and fitter index patient population. While contemporary modular press-fit acetabular cups lead to rigid fixation with equatorial stress and central osteolysis, more elastic fixation may cause different peri-acetabular bone remodelling. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in peri-acetabular bone mineral density (BMD) in uncemented elastic fixation with monoblock press-fit cups.Methods: This prospective observational study included 45 patients with monoblock cups. We evaluated peri-acetabular BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and reported functional outcomes and complications.Results: At a mean follow-up of 24.2 ± 2.2 months, we found that BMD stabilised in DeLee and Charnley zones I and III and recovered to baseline value in zone II. The mean Harris Hip Scores improved significantly from 56.9 ± 20.0 to 97.2 ± 4.0 (p < 0001). Other than one peri-operative dislocation, we saw no post-operative complications.Conclusions: We found favourable adaptive bone changes with BMD stabilisation in the equatorial zones and recovery to pre-operative values in the central zone. Additionally, excellent clinical outcomes and few prosthesis-related complications strengthened the favourable results of monoblock acetabular cups.Trial registration: Registration number DRKS00017076.
Estimation of Bulk Permittivity of the Moon’s Surface Using Lunar Radar Sounder On-board Selenological and Engineering Explorer
Authors: Hongo Keigo , Toh Hiroaki , Kumamoto Atsushi
Published: August 2020

Site-dependent bulk permittivities of the lunar uppermost media with thicknesses of tens to hundreds meters were estimated based on the data from Lunar Radar Sounder onboard the Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE). It succeeded in sounding almost all over the Moon’s surface in a frequency range around 5 MHz to detect subsurface reflectors beneath several lunar maria. However, it is necessary to estimate the permittivity of the surface regolith of the Moon in order to determine the actual depths to those reflectors instead of apparent depths assuming a speed of light in the vacuum. In this study, we determined site-dependent bulk permittivities by two-layer models consisting of a surface regolith layer over a half-space with uniform but different physical properties from the layer above. Those models consider the electrical conductivity as well as the permittivity, whose trade-off was resolved by utilizing the correlation between iron-titanium content and measured physical properties of lunar rock samples. Distribution of the iron-titanium content on the Moon’s surface had already been derived by spectroscopic observation from SELENE as well. Four lunar maria, Mare Serenitatis, Oceanus Procellarum, Mare Imbrium, and Mare Crisium, were selected as regions of evident reflectors, where we estimated the following four physical properties of each layer, i.e., bulk permittivity, porosity, loss tangent and electrical conductivity to conclude the actual depths of the reflectors are approximately 200m on average. The bulk permittivity ranges from 2.96 at Mare Imbrium to 6.37 at Oceanus Procellarum, whereas the porosity takes the values between 1.8% to 41.1% in the respective maria. It was found that although the bulk permittivity of the four lunar maria differs from a mare to a mare, it shows a good correlation with their composition, viz., their iron-titanium content.
A Nomogram based on a Patient-reported Outcomes Measure: Predicting the Risk of Readmission for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Han Qiang , Ren Jia , Tian Jing , Yang Hong , Zhang Qing , Wang Ruoya , Zhao Jinghua , Han Linai , Li Chenhao , Yan Jingjing , Wang Ke , Zheng Chu , Han Qinghua , Zhang Yanbo
Published: August 2020

Background

Health-related quality of life, evaluated by a patient-reported outcomes measure, is an important prognostic marker in patients with chronic heart failure. This study aimed to use PROM to establish an effective readmission nomogram for chronic heart failure.

Methods

Using patient-reported outcomes measure as a measurement tool, we conducted a readmission nomogram for chronic heart failure on a prospective observational study comprising 454 patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized between May 2017 to January 2020. Concordance index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discriminative ability and predictive accuracy of the nomogram. A bootstrap resampling method was used for internal validation of results.

Results

The median follow-up period in the study was 372 days. After a final COX regression analysis, the gender, income, health care, appetite-sleep, anxiety, depression, paranoia, support, and independence were identified and included in the nomogram. The nomogram showed moderate discrimination, with concordance index of 0.737 (95% CI 0.673-0.800). The calibration curves for the probability of readmission for patients with chronic heart failure showed high consistency between the probability, as predicted, and the actual probability.

Conclusions

This model offers a platform to assess the risk of readmission for different populations with CHF and can assist clinicians with personalized treatment recommendations.
Upregulated Expression of LncRNA Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase Antisense RNA 1 is Correlated with Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes in Cancers
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Ren Xiaolei , Liu Zhongyue , Tu Chao
Published: August 2020

Background: The nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase antisense RNA 1 (NNT-AS1) is a long non-coding RNA aberrantly expressed in human malignancies. We aimed to analyze available data to evaluate the correlation between NNT-AS1 expression and cancer prognosis. Methods: Literature retrieval was performed by systematic searching related databases from inception to April 2, 2020. Studies regarding correlation between NNT-AS1 expression, survival outcomes and clinical characteristics of cancer patients were collected and pooled to calculate the the hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Ten studies comprising 699 patients were included, all of which were conducted in China according to literature selection criteria. Overexpression of NNT-AS1 had a significant association with unfavorable overall survival (OS) (HR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.84-2.36, P<0.001). Stratified analysis showed that tumor type, sample size, follow-up months, and survival analysis approach did not change the predictive value of NNT-AS1 on OS. Furthermore, elevated NNT-AS1 level had significant association with distant metastasis (DM) (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.39-4.30), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR=3.92, 95% CI: 1.35-11.41), TNM stage (OR=4.25, 95% CI: 1.71-10.56), and vascular invasion (OR=3.98, 95% CI: 2.06-7.71), but was not associated with age and gender. The TCGA dataset further consistently showed that the NNT-AS1 expression was associated with poor OS and disease-free survival. Conclusions: High expression of NNT-AS1 is associated with unfavorable survival outcomes and poor clinicopathologic characteristics. However, large-cohort data and geographical studies are still needed to further validate the prognostic value of NNT-AS1 in cancers.
Does the IOFix implant Improve Union Rates?
Authors: segal david , Ohana Nissim , Nyska Meir , Palmanovich Ezequiel
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND First metatarso-phalangeal joint fusion is the current gold standard for severe hallux rigidus. Data regarding the union rate and the re-operation rate when IOFix (an Intra-osseous fixation device, Extremity medical, New Jersey, USA) is used for hallux rigidus fusion is limited but promising. The aim of this study was to review our outcomes with the IOFix implant. METHODS We have conducted a retrospective chart review, following the approval of the hospital IRB committee. Exclusion criteria included bilateral operations on the same patient, multiple surgeries, charcot foot or other structural foot abnormalities (except hallux valgus), rheumatoid arthritis and a recent foot trauma. We collected demographic data, physical examination documentation, functional score evaluations (AOFAS), and Plain radiographic studies. RESULTS Thirty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 60.36±9.12 (range 36 to 77) years, 18 (60%) female patients and 12 (40%) male. Fourteen (53.33%) were left side pathologies. The average follow up period was 36.2±12.31 (range 12 to 54) months. Union was obtained in 28 (93.33%) patients, of whom none had requested a hardware removal due to a prominent hardware during a minimum of 2 year follow up period. The mean postoperative AOFAS score was 80.5±10.87 (range 35 to 90). A more stringent inclusion criteria and fusion definitions would have led to an exclusion of two more patients and a dropout of two patients from the “fused” group, which would have led to a fusion rate of 85.71%.CONCLUSIONS This is the largest series of hallux rigidus patients that were operated with an IOFix device. The rates of fusion and hardware removal in MTPJ1 arthrodesis performed with an IOFix implant were found to be similar at most when compared to previously described rates that were obtained with other cheaper and more simple fixation devices.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
Enhanced aging and thermal shock performance of Mn1.95-xCo0.21Ni0.84SrxO4 NTC ceramics
Authors: Li Haibing , Zhang H.M. , Thayil Islla P Ley , Chang Aimin , Sang Xu , Ma Xiuhua
Published: August 2020

Herein, the Mn1.95-xCo0.21Ni0.84SrxO4 (MCNS) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) based negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials are prepared by co-precipitation method. The replacement of Mn by Sr plays a critical role in controlling the lattice parameter, relative density, microstructure and electrical properties. The lattice parameter and relative density increase with the increase of Sr content. A small amount of Sr restrains the grain growth and increases the bulk density. Moreover, the ρ25, B25/50, Ea and α values of MCNS ceramics are influenced by the Sr content and ranged from 1535.0-2053.6 Ω·cm, 3654-3709 K, 0.3149-0.3197 eV and -4.111--4.173%, respectively. The XPS results explain the transformation of MCNS ceramics from n- to p-type semiconductors. The conduction could arise from the hopping polaron between Mn3+/Mn4+ and Co2+/Co3+ in the octahedral sites. Furthermore, the aging coefficient (△R/R) of MCNS ceramics is found to be < 0.2%, which indicates the stable distribution of cations in the spinel. Finally, the MCNS ceramics demonstrate excellent thermal durability with <1.3% of resistance shift after 100 thermal shock cycles.
Validation of APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II scores in short- and long-term mortality prediction in a mixed intensive care unit in Poland: a cohort study
Authors: Czajka Szymon , Ziębińska Katarzyna , Marczenko Konstanty , Posmyk Barbara , Szczepańska Anna , Krzych Łukasz
Published: August 2020

Background. There are several scores used for in-hospital mortality prediction in critical illness. Their application in a local scenario requires validation to ensure appropriate diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, their use in assessing post-discharge mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors has not been extensively studied. We aimed to validate APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II scores in short- and long-term mortality prediction in a mixed adult ICU in Poland. APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II scores, with corresponding predicted mortality ratios, were calculated for 303 consecutive patients admitted to a 10-bed ICU in 2016. Short-term (in-hospital) and long-term (12-month post-discharge) mortality was assessed.Results. Median APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II scores were 19 (IQR 12-24), 67 (36.5-88) and 44 (27-56) points, with corresponding in-hospital mortality ratios of 25.8% (IQR 12.1-46.0), 18.5% (IQR 3.8-41.8) and 34.8% (IQR 7.9-59.8). Observed in-hospital mortality was 35.6%. Moreover, 12-month post-discharge mortality reached 17.4%. All the scores predicted in-hospital mortality (p<0.05): APACHE II (AUC=0.78; 95%CI 0.73-0.83), APACHE III (AUC=0.79; 95%CI 0.74-0.84) and SAPS II (AUC=0.79; 95%CI 0.74-0.84); as well as mortality after hospital discharge (p<0.05): APACHE II (AUC=0.71; 95%CI 0.64-0.78), APACHE III (AUC=0.72; 95%CI 0.65-0.78) and SAPS II (AUC=0.69; 95%CI 0.62-0.76), with no statistically significant difference between the scores (p>0.05). The calibration of the scores was good.Conclusions. All the scores are acceptable predictors of in-hospital mortality. In the case of post-discharge mortality, their diagnostic accuracy is lower and of borderline clinical relevance. Further studies are needed to create scores estimating the long-term prognosis of subjects successfully discharged from the ICU.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes During the Prepupal-pupal Transition in the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Li Peirong , Li Xinru , Wang Wei , Tan Xiaoling , Wang Xiaoqi , Yang Xueqing
Published: August 2020

Background

Metamorphosis ensures the transformation of a larva of the holometabolous insects into a reproductive adult through a transitory pupal stage. Understanding how changes in expression levels of genes during the prepupal-pupal transition will inform us of how the metamorphosis arises.
Results

In this study, mature larvae (ML), wandering (W), 1 day (P1), 5 days (P5), and 10 days (P10) after pupation of the Mythimna separata (Walker), a notorious migratory pest of agricultural crops, were selected, forming five groups. RNA-Seq revealed that the draft transcriptome assembly contained 140562 contigs, and more than half (74,059) were similar to sequence at NCBI (e value < e− 3), including 22884, 23534, 26643, and 33238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ML vs W, W vs P1, P1 vs P5, and P5-vs-P10, respectively. Comparative transcriptomics revealed the enrichment of biological processes related to the membrane and integral component of membrane, which includes the cuticular protein (CP), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, enabled us to delineate and partially validate the metabolic pathway in M. separata. Of these DEGs, 33 CP, 18 20E, and 7 JH genes were differentially expressed across the developmental stages. Correlation analysis uncovered that the relative expression levels of 10 selected CP, 20E, and JH-related genes obtained by real-time PCR quantitative (RT-qPCR) matched well with their FPKM values derived from RNA-seq.
Conclusions

The data gave here represent an important first step to uncover the molecular mechanism of metamorphosis in M. separata, which also provide valuable information for manipulation of insect development and metamorphosis using the obtained DEGs as targets and broaden the applications of available tools for insect pest control.
Diversity and Gradient Analysis of Common Yew (Taxus Baccata L.) Communities in Eastern Hyrcanian Forests, Northern Iran
Authors: Esmailzadeh Omid , Soofi Meysam , Karami Pari
Published: August 2020

Aims: To outline syntaxonomical synthesis of yew (Taxus baccata L.) in the eastern of Hyrcanian forest and to identify their main environmental gradients. Location: Jahan-Nama protected area (JNPA) as a unique yew population with heterogeneous floristically composition in the east of Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran. Methods: Vegetation units were classified using modified TWINSPAN and were translated into syntaxonomic system. Syntaxa were determined by re-arrangement of each relevé based on diagnostic species occurrences and expert knowledge with the aim to increase the floristic distinctiveness of vegetation units. Syntaxa were finally evaluated by diagnostic species and environmental parameters according to phi- values and ANOVA, respectively. DCA was used to visualize the dissimilarity of syntaxa and their relationships with the environmental factors. We also used species combination concept for determining diagnostic species in the second association. Results: The classification of JNPA yew forests resulted in 6 Vegetation unites. These patterns were translated into four associations, two sub-associations and two variants. (Asso.1) Fago orientalis-Taxetum baccatae is found in northern aspects with lower slopes and higher soil depth; (Asso.2) Aceri velutini-Taxetum baccatae is occurring in the moderate but rocky slopes. Asso.1 and Asso.2 are the same in altitude and involving Carpinus betulus as a co-dominant. (Asso.3) Carpino betuli-Carpino orientale-Taxetum baccatae developed in the intermediate slopes. (Asso.4) Carpino orientale -Taxetum baccatae appeared in the highest slope of northeast and northwest aspects with shallow soil depth. The main factors determining the species composition of the JNPA syntaxa are slope, eastness, elevation and clay content. Conclusions: Our study provides the first syntaxonomic of yew communities in east of Hyrcanian forests and it also used the concept of species combination for exploring diagnostic species for proposing Carpino betuli- Carpino orientale- Taxetum baccatae association. We also showed that yew could be associated with different plant species which are distributing in different site suitability. It caused to have various yew syntaxa in JNPA and considerably reiterate high floristically and ecologically capacity of this area.
Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage-fluid soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) concentration for neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhou Jingqian , Hong Yan , Wang Youcheng , Lin Hailong , Huang Leting
Published: August 2020

Background: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) has regarded as a biological marker of infection. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-sTREM-1 concentration in neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (NVAP). Methods: In this multicenter, controlled clinical trial of 60 preterm and 33 full-term neonates on mechanical ventilators, we measured concentrations of BAL-fluid and serum sTREM-1, serum C-reactive protein, and serum procalcitonin, as well as white blood cell count. We initially divided cases into eight groups, based on three categories: preterm of full-term; NVAP or non-NVAP; and extrapulmonary infection present or absent. Groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine diagnostic value. Results: The mean gestational age (± standard deviation) of preterm and full-term neonates was 28.9±2.2 weeks and 39.5±1.7 weeks, respectively, and 32/60 were male. The BAL-fluid sTREM-1 concentration was higher in NVAP cases than in non-NVAP cases, irrespective of extrapulmonary infection. ROC analysis revealed that BAL-fluid sTREM-1 concentration had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.986 and a cutoff value of 228.0 pg/ml (sensitivity, 94.3%; specificity, 96%) in preterm neonates; the same values in full-term neonates were 0.938 and 245.5 pg/ml (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 93.7%), respectively. The optimal combination of indicators was BAL-fluid sTREM-1 and serum C-reactive protein concentration. All indicators were present at lower levels on days 8 and 10 of ventilation in neonates who ultimately recovered than in those who did not. Conclusion: BAL-fluid sTREM-1 and serum C-reactive protein concentrations may be useful for the diagnosis of NVAP.
Bisindolylmaleimide IX: A novel anti-SARS-CoV2 agent targeting viral main protease 3CLpro demonstrated by virtual screening and in vitro assays
Authors: Gupta Yash , Maciorowski Dawid , Zak Samantha E. , Jones Krysten A. , Kathayat Rahul S. , Azizi Saara-Anne , Mathur Raman , Pearce Catherine M. , Ilc David J. , Husein Hamza , Herbert Andrew S. , Bharti Ajay , Rathi Brijesh , Durvasula Ravi , Becker Daniel P. , Dickinson Bryan C. , Dye John M. , Kempaiah Prakasha
Published: August 2020

The emergence of SARS/MERS drug-resistant COVID-19 with high transmission and mortality has recently been declared a pandemic. Like all coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is a relatively large virus consisting of several enzymes with essential functions within its proteome. Here, we focused on repurposing approved and investigational drugs by identifying potential drugs that are predicted to effectively inhibit critical enzymes. We targeted seven proteins with enzymatic activities known to be essential at different stages of the virus life cycle; PLpro, 3CLpro, RdRP, Helicase, ExoN, NendoU, and 2’-O-MT. For virtual screening, the energy minimization of a crystal structure of the modeled protein was carried out using the Protein Preparation Wizard1. Following active site selection based on data mining and COACH predictions, we performed a high-throughput virtual screen of drugs (n=5903) that are approved by worldwide regulatory bodies. The screening was performed against viral targets using three sequential docking modes (i.e. HTVS, SP, and XP). Our in-silico virtual screening identified ~290 potential drugs based on the criteria of energy, docking parameters, ligand, and binding site strain and score. Drugs specific to each target protein were further analyzed for binding free energy perturbation by molecular mechanics (prime MM-GBSA) and pruning the hits to the top 32 candidates. Top lead from each target pool was further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation using the Desmond module. Herein we report the evaluation of in-vitro efficacy of selected hit drug molecules on SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibition. Among eight molecules included in our evaluation, we found the micromolar inhibitor of protein kinase C isoforms, Bisindolylmaleimide IX (BIM IX), as the most potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro. Further, in-silico predicted target validation through enzymatic assays confirmed its interaction with 3CLpro to be the target. Therefore, our data support advancing BIM IX for clinical evaluation as a potential treatment for COVID-19. This is the first study that has showcased the possibility of using bisindolylmaleimide IX to treat COVID-19 through this pipeline.
Shift in the Spatio-Temporal Natural Fruiting of Boletes in West African Woodlands: the Key Role of the Soil Moisture
Authors: Badou Akotchayé Sylvestre , Houdanon Roel D. , Tchan Kassim I. , Hègbè D.M.T. Apollon , Yorou Nourou Soulemane
Published: August 2020

Background: The ectomycorrhizal fungi display strong fluctuations during the mycological season. However, how abiotic parameters affect the fruiting sequences of ectomycorrhizal fungi and also the direction and extent of this effect are not yet tapped adequately. The present study seeks to assess the microclimate effect on the natural production of boletes. Nine permanent plots of 2500 m2 (50m x 50m) split into 25 subplots of 100 m2 (10m x 10m) were installed in three different vegetation dominated respectively by Isoberlinia doka, Isoberlinia tomentosa and Uapaca togoensis. Microclimatic parameters were recorded each 30 minutes throughout by mean of a Micro Station Data Logger - H21-002 the mycological seasons. Each plot was surveyed twice a week (from May to October) over three years (2015, 2016 and 2017) to record the presence/absence of fruit bodies and fresh biomass of boletes. To evaluate the effect of time and microclimate variables on natural production, we used mixed effects and generalized linear models using R version 3.5.3. Results: In total, during the three years (2015, 2016 and 2017), we recorded 14 species of boletes. Species richness does not change over time (P > 0.05). In addition, fresh biomass varies within years and vegetation (P < 0.05). The combination of year and month of collection has a significant effect on the number of fruit bodies (P < 0.05). Only the soil moisture has a significant positive influence on the species richness of boletes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: When the soil moisture decreases by four units, the number of fruit bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi is significantly reduced by one unit. Therefore, above 0.25 m3 / m3 and below 0.05 m3 / m3 there is a decrease in the number of fruit bodies.
Increasing Risk of Wild Swings between Droughts and Floods over Global Land Areas
Authors: Cheng Linyin , Liu Zhiyong , Chen Xiaohong , Lin Kairong
Published: August 2020

Climate variability is nothing new. Of rising concern is the consecutive occurrence of reversed weather patterns — droughts followed by severe floods, which tip a precarious balance with lasting impacts on human and natural systems. Here we examined changes in the likelihood and spatial distribution of dry-to-wet precipitation events over global land surface using climate model projections. We find anthropogenic climate change is likely to stress more widespread regions with rapid see-saw changes from dry to wet spells by the end of the 21st Century, increasing the threat to water security. Additionally, Eastern North America, South and East Asia, and Eastern Africa are emerging future hotspots of extreme drought-deluge swings by yielding marked enhancements in the events’ occurrence probability and spatial coverage. This study can provide useful information for policy makers to develop integrated approach to drought and flood management, while broadening the scope of research on compound climate extremes.