bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and management of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in different wheat genotypes and their impact on yield and related traits
Authors: Hafeez Faisal , Abbas Muneer , Zia Khuram , Ali Shahbaz , Farooq Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad , Iftikhar Ayesha , Saleem Muhammad Jawad , Zuan Ali Tan Kee , Li Yunzhou , Nasif Omaima , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Wainwright Milton , Ansari Mohammad Javed
Published: October 2021

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is significantly altered by the infestation of sucking insects, particularly aphids. Chemical sprays are not recommended for the management of aphids as wheat grains are consumed soon after crop harvests. Therefore, determining the susceptibility of different wheat genotypes and selecting the most tolerant genotype could significantly lower aphid infestation. This study evaluated the susceptibility of six different wheat genotypes (‘Sehar-2006’, ‘Shafaq-2006’, ‘Faisalabad-2008’, ‘Lasani-2008’, ‘Millat-2011’ and ‘Punjab-2011’) to three aphid species (Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, Sitobion avenae Fabricius) at various growth stages. Seed dressing with insecticides and plant extracts were also evaluated for their efficacy to reduce the incidence of these aphid species. Afterwards, an economic analysis was performed to compute cost-benefit ratio and assess the economic feasibility for the use of insecticides and plant extracts. Aphids’ infestation was recorded from the seedling stage and their population gradually increased as growth progressed towards tillering, stem elongation, heading, dough and ripening stages. The most susceptible growth stage was heading with 21.89 aphids/tiller followed by stem elongation (14.89 aphids/tiller) and dough stage (13.56 aphids/tiller). The genotype ‘Punjab-2011’ recorded the lower aphid infestation than ‘Faisalabad-2008’, ‘Sehar-2006’, ‘Lasani-2008’ and ‘Shafaq-2006’. Rhopalosiphum padi appeared during mid-February, whereas S. graminum and S. avenae appeared during first week of March. Significant differences were recorded for losses in number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight among tested wheat genotypes. The aphid population had non-significant correlation with yield-related traits. Hicap proved the most effective for the management of aphid species followed by Hombre and Husk among tested seed dressers, while Citrullus colocynthis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. plant extracts exhibited the highest efficacy among different plant extracts used in the study. Economic analysis depicted that use of Hombre and Hicap resulted in the highest income and benefit cost ratio. Therefore, use of genotype Punjab-2011’ and seed dressing with Hombre and Hicap can be successfully used to lower aphid infestation and get higher economic returns for wheat crop.
Public attitudes towards the use of automatic facial recognition technology in criminal justice systems around the world
Authors: Ritchie Kay L. , Cartledge Charlotte , Growns Bethany , Yan An , Wang Yuqing , Guo Kun , Kramer Robin S. S. , Edmond Gary , Martire Kristy A. , San Roque Mehera , White David
Published: October 2021

Automatic facial recognition technology (AFR) is increasingly used in criminal justice systems around the world, yet to date there has not been an international survey of public attitudes toward its use. In Study 1, we ran focus groups in the UK, Australia and China (countries at different stages of adopting AFR) and in Study 2 we collected data from over 3,000 participants in the UK, Australia and the USA using a questionnaire investigating attitudes towards AFR use in criminal justice systems. Our results showed that although overall participants were aligned in their attitudes and reasoning behind them, there were some key differences across countries. People in the USA were more accepting of tracking citizens, more accepting of private companies’ use of AFR, and less trusting of the police using AFR than people in the UK and Australia. Our results showed that support for the use of AFR depends greatly on what the technology is used for and who it is used by. We recommend vendors and users do more to explain AFR use, including details around accuracy and data protection. We also recommend that governments should set legal boundaries around the use of AFR in investigative and criminal justice settings.
Cognitive & motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study
Authors: Gianferrara Pierre Giovanni , Betts Shawn , Anderson John Robert
Published: October 2021

We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning of timing skills across speed perturbations of the environment. In Auto Orbit, players needed to learn to alternate turn and shot actions to blow and burst balloons under time constraints imposed by balloon resets and deflations. Cognitive and motor skill transfer was assessed both in terms of game performance and in terms of the details of their motor actions. We found that skill transfer across speeds necessitated the recalibration of action timing skills. In addition, we found that acquiring skill in Auto Orbit involved a progressive decrease in variability of behavior. Finally, we found that players with higher skill levels tended to be less variable in terms of action chunking and action timing. These findings further shed light on the complex cognitive and motor mechanisms of skill transfer across speeds in complex task environments.
A TLR5 mono-agonist restores inhibited immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae during influenza virus infection in human monocytes
Authors: Maguire Paula T. , Loughran Sinéad T. , Harvey Ruth , Johnson Patricia A.
Published: October 2021

Influenza A virus (IAV) predisposes individuals to often more severe secondary bacterial infections with Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae). The outcomes of these infections may be made worse with the increase in antimicrobial resistance and a lack of new treatments to combat this. Th17 responses are crucial in clearing S. pneumoniae from the lung. We previously demonstrated that early IAV infection of human monocytes significantly reduced levels of S. pneumoniae-driven cytokines involved in the Th17 response. Here, we have further identified that IAV targets specific TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, TLR9) involved in sensing S. pneumoniae infection resulting, in a reduction in TLR agonist-induced IL-23 and TGF-β. The effect of IAV is more profound on the TLR2 and TLR9 pathways. We have established that IAV-mediated inhibition of TLR9-induction is related to a downregulation of RORC, a Th17 specific transcription factor. Other studies using mouse models demonstrated that TLR5 agonism improved the efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of IAV/S. pneumoniae co-infections. Therefore, we investigated if TLR5 agonism could restore inhibited Th17 responses in human monocytes. Levels of pneumococcus-driven cytokines, which had previously been inhibited by IAV were not reduced in the presence of the TLR5 mono-agonist, suggesting that such treatment may overcome IAV inhibition of Th17 responses. The importance of our research is in demonstrating the IAV directly targets S. pneumoniae-associated TLR pathways. Additionally, the IAV-inhibition of Th17 responses can be restored by TLR5 agonism, which indicates that there may be a different Th17 signalling pathway which is not affected by IAV infection.
Limited natural regeneration of unique Scalesia forest following invasive plant removal in Galapagos
Authors: Walentowitz Anna , Manthey Michael , Bentet Preciado María Belén , Chango Rafael , Sevilla Christian , Jäger Heinke
Published: October 2021

More than 60% of the flora of the Galapagos Islands is introduced and some of these species have become invasive, severely altering ecosystems. An example of an affected ecosystem is the Scalesia forest, originally dominated by the endemic giant daisy tree Scalesia pedunculata (Asteraceae). The remnant patches of this unique forest are increasingly being invaded by introduced plants, mainly by Rubus niveus (blackberry, Rosaceae). To help large-scale restoration of this ecologically important forest, we seek to better understand the natural regeneration of S. pedunculata after invasive plant control. We monitored naturally recruited S. pedunculata saplings and young trees over five years in an area where invasive plant species are continuously being removed by manual means. We measured survival, height and growth of S. pedunculata saplings and young trees along permanent transects. Percent cover of surrounding plant species and of canopy shade directly above each S. pedunculata individual were determined, as well as distance to the next mature S. pedunculata tree. We identified potential factors influencing initial sapling survival and growth by applying generalized linear models. Results showed a rapid growth of saplings and young trees of up to 0.45 cm per day and a high mortality rate, as is typical for pioneer species like S. pedunculata. Sapling survival, growth and mortality seemed to be influenced by light availability, surrounding vegetation and distance to the next adult S. pedunculata tree. We concluded that natural regeneration of S. pedunculata was high only five months after the last herbicide application but that 95% of these recruits had died over the 5-year period. Further studies are needed to corroborate whether the number of surviving trees is sufficient to replace the aging adult trees and this way maintain remnants of the Scalesia forest. Urgent action is needed to help improve future restoration strategies to prevent further degradation of this rapidly shrinking threatened forest ecosystem.
Malaria in the postpartum period causes damage to the mammary gland
Authors: Niikura Mamoru , Fukutomi Toshiyuki , Mineo Shoichiro , Mitobe Jiro , Kobayashi Fumie
Published: October 2021

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in the breast and is typically due to bacterial infection. In malaria-endemic areas, mastitis with accompanying fever can be challenging to differentiate from malaria. At the same time, it is unclear whether malaria infection is directly involved in the development of mastitis. In the present study, whether mastitis develops during infection with malaria parasites was investigated using a rodent malaria model with Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei; Pb) ANKA. The course of parasitemia in postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA was similar to the course in infected virgin mice. However, infected postpartum mice died earlier than did infected virgin mice. In addition, the weight of pups from mice infected with Pb ANKA was significantly reduced compared with pups from uninfected mice. The macroscopic and histological analyses showed apparent changes, such as destruction of the alveolus wall and extensive presence of leukocytes, in mammary gland tissue in mice infected during the postpartum period. The findings suggest that women during the postpartum period are more vulnerable to complications when infected with malaria parasites, particularly women who do not acquire protective immunity against malaria parasites. Based on the proteomic analysis, IFN-γ signaling pathway-related proteins in mammary gland tissue of the infected postpartum mice were increased. Our results indicate that inflammation induced by IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine, may contribute to negative histological changes in mammary gland tissue of postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA. In IFN-γ receptor 1-deficient (IFNGR1-KO) mice, the histological changes in mammary gland tissue of the infected postpartum wild-type mice were improved to almost normal mammary gland structure. Furthermore, weight loss in pups delivered by infected IFNGR1-KO postpartum mice was not observed. Taken together, these findings indicate that inflammation induced by IFN-γ is associated with development of mastitis in postpartum mice infected with Pb ANKA. The present study results may increase our understanding of how disease aggravation occurs during postpartum malaria.
Low cuticle deposition rate in ‘Apple’ mango increases elastic strain, weakens the cuticle and increases russet
Authors: Athoo Thomas O. , Khanal Bishnu P. , Knoche Moritz
Published: October 2021

Russeting compromises appearance and downgrades the market value of many fruitcrops, including of the mango cv. ‘Apple’. The objective was to identify the mechanistic basis of ‘Apple’ mango’s high susceptibility to russeting. We focused on fruit growth, cuticle deposition, stress/strain relaxation analysis and the mechanical properties of the cuticle. The non-susceptible mango cv. ‘Tommy Atkins’ served for comparison. Compared with ‘Tommy Atkins’, fruit of ‘Apple’ had a lower mass, a smaller surface area and a lower growth rate. There were little differences between the epidermal and hypodermal cells of ‘Apple’ and ‘Tommy Atkins’ including cell size, cell orientation and cell number. Lenticel density decreased during development, being lower in ‘Apple’ than in ‘Tommy Atkins’. The mean lenticel area increased during development but was consistently greater in ‘Apple’ than in ‘Tommy Atkins’. The deposition rate of the cuticular membrane was initially rapid but later slowed till it matched the area expansion rate, thereafter mass per unit area was effectively constant. The cuticle of ‘Apple’ is thinner than that of ‘Tommy Atkins’. Cumulative strain increased sigmoidally with fruit growth. Strains released stepwise on excision and isolation (εexc+iso), and on wax extraction (εextr) were higher in ‘Apple’ than in ‘Tommy Atkins’. Membrane stiffness increased during development being consistently lower in ‘Apple’ than in ‘Tommy Atkins’. Membrane fracture force (Fmax) was low and constant in developing ‘Apple’ but increased in ‘Tommy Atkin’. Membrane strain at fracture (εmax) decreased linearly during development but was lower in ‘Apple’ than in ‘Tommy Atkins’. Frequency of membrane failure associated with lenticels increased during development and was consistently higher in ‘Apple’ than in ‘Tommy Atkins’. The lower rate of cuticular deposition, the higher strain releases on excision, isolation and wax extraction and the weaker cuticle account for the high russet susceptibility of ‘Apple’ mango.
Multivessel versus IRA-only PCI in patients with NSTEMI and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Lee Myunhee , Kim Dae-Won , Park Mahn-Won , Lee Kyusup , Her Sung-Ho , Chang Kiyuk , Chung Wook Sung , Jeong Myung Ho , Rha Seung-Woon , Kim Hyo-Soo , Gwon Hyeon Cheol , Seong In Whan , Hwang Kyung Kuk , Chae Shung Chull , Kim Kwon-Bae , Kim Young Jo , Cha Kwang Soo , Oh Seok Kyu , Chae Jei Keon , Jung Ji-Hoon ,   on behalf of KAMIR-NIH registry investigators
Published: October 2021

Background

A substantial number of patients presenting with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD) have severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 35%). But data are lacking regarding optimal percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategy for these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of IRA (infarct-related artery)-only and multivessel PCI in patients with NSTEMI and MVD complicated by severe LVSD.

Methods

Among 13,104 patients enrolled in the PCI registry from November 2011 to December 2015, patients with NSTEMI and MVD with severe LVSD who underwent successful PCI were screened. The primary outcome was 3-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as all-cause death, any myocardial infarction, stroke, and any revascularization.

Results

Overall, 228 patients were treated with IRA-only PCI (n = 104) or MV-PCI (n = 124). The MACE risk was significantly lower in the MV-PCI group than in the IRA-only PCI group (35.5% vs. 54.8%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.561; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.378–0.832; p = 0.04). This result was mainly driven by a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (23.4% vs. 41.4%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.503; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.314–0.806; p = 0.004). The results were consistent after multivariate regression, propensity-score matching, and inverse probability weighting to adjust for baseline differences.

Conclusions

Among patients with NSTEMI and MVD complicated with severe LVSD, multivessel PCI was associated with a significantly lower MACE risk. The findings may provide valuable information to physicians who are involved in decision-making for these patients.
Durability of Integrase STrand Inhibitor (InSTI)-based regimen in geriatric people living with HIV in the GEPPO cohort
Authors: Focà Emanuele , Calcagno Andrea , Calza Stefano , Renzetti Stefano , Chiesa Annacarla , Siano Matteo , De Socio Giuseppe , Piconi Stefania , Orofino Giancarlo , Madeddu Giordano , Cattelan Anna Maria , Nozza Silvia , Ferrara Micol , Milic Jovana , Celesia Benedetto Maurizio , Castelli Francesco , Guaraldi Giovanni
Published: October 2021

Objective

To investigate the durability of the first integrase inhibitor-based regimen in a HIV geriatric multicentric prospective cohort and to explore the reasons of regimen discontinuation.

Design

This is an analysis conducted on the Geriatric Patients Living with HIV/AIDS (GEPPO) cohort, an Italian prospective observational multicentre cohort of people living with HIV with 65 years of age or more.

Methods

The analysis was performed using R (version 4.0.2). The tests performed were two sided assuming a 5% significance level (Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-squared test, log-rank test and a Cox Proportional Hazard model). The proportion of participants discontinuing the three regimens was displayed using cumulative curves.

Results

Among 1531 patients enrolled between 2017 and 2019 in the GEPPO cohort, we included 822 participants in this analysis. At baseline, median age was 69.8, the immunovirological profile good, multimorbidity was present in 42.3% of participants, while 27.4% were on polypharmacy. Overall, 483, 243 and 96 participants received DTG, RAL and EVG/c respectively as first InSTI. At the end of the follow up 6.4%, 21.1% and 22.9% participants discontinued DTG, RAL and EVG/c respectively. Using a log-rank test, EVG showed a significantly lower durability than DTG (p<0.001) or RAL (p 0.05) or both, DTG and RAL (p<0.001). Among participants who discontinued their regimen we found 0 virological failure and 56.7% simplification/deprescription.

Conclusions

The three integrase inhibitors considered showed a good durability and no virological failures in geriatric patients such as those enrolled in the GEPPO cohort when used in a two or three drug regimen.
A novel insertion design of fiber materials for the adhesive reattachment in vertically fractured teeth
Authors: Kurnaz Safa , Keçeci Ayşe Diljin
Published: October 2021

Objective

Thisex vivostudy aimed to evaluate the strengthening effect of different ferrule and reattachment designs with fiber and adhesive materials on vertically fractured teeth.

Methods

Ninety extracted single-root premolars were instrumented and divided into nine groups (two control groups and seven experimental groups; n = 10). The negative control (NC) group comprised of intact teeth, while the positive control (PC) group comprised of root canal-treated teeth. The roots of the teeth in the experimental groups were vertically fractured into two equal fragments. The fragments were reattached with one of the followings: 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methacrylate-tri-n-butyl borane (4-META/MMA-TBB) resin, 4-META/MMA-TBB + quartz fiber post, 4-META/MMA-TBB + glass fiber bundles, 4-META/MMA-TBB + quartz fiber post + 1 mm ferrule, 4-META/MMA-TBB + glass fiber bundles + 1 mm ferrule, 4-META/MMA-TBB + quartz fiber post + 2 mm ferrule, and 4-META/MMA-TBB + glass fiber bundles + 2 mm ferrule. The core build-ups were made with composite resin. The specimens were subjected to compressive loading until failure occurred. Mean load necessary to fracture each sample and the fracture types of these samples were recorded.

Results

The highest mean fracture load was recorded in the NC group (1,036.7 N), which was not significantly higher than the PC group (989.66 N) (p > 0.05). The roots reattached with quartz fiber post demonstrated significantly less fracture strength (871.9 N) as compared to the other test and control groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the PC group and reattached fragments with different ferrule designs in terms of fracture resistance (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The customized fiber bundles may be more suitable for reattachment of vertically fractured teeth than the rigid fiber posts. For reattachment procedures, the ferrule design may be preferred to increase the fracture strength of vertically fractured teeth.
Service design method for both non-human and human actors: What kinds of jobs should be assigned to service robots?
Authors: Tokuhisa Satoru , Morimoto Tetsuro
Published: October 2021

A variety of healthcare robots for elderly care have been developed. However, as the elderly and caregivers experience psychological resistance towards not only new technologies but specifically to robots, the adoption of healthcare robots has scarcely progressed. This article aims to develop a service design method, which consists of a design process including design tools to identify jobs in an elderly care facility and to reveal what kinds of jobs to assign to service robots and to caregivers. This article develops a design method which is composed of six steps and adopts original design tools to identify jobs needed in elderly care facilities and assign them to human and non-human actors, including service robots. The tools include an actor map to visualize the Actor to Actor (A2A) network, a current jobs to be done (JTBD) worksheet to visualize existing jobs, a new JTBD worksheet to visualize new jobs, and an actor worksheet to summarize information about each actor including their philosophy. With this design method, we conducted a series of workshops with the aim to develop a service fulfilled by humans and non-humans at an elderly care facility in Shizuoka prefecture in Japan. The results of questionnaires administered to the workshop participants demonstrated the effectiveness of all the tools except the new JTBD worksheet. Also, the results of interviews with employees in the elderly care facility indicated the effectiveness of the approach, which reveals visible and invisible regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive elements through interviews with human actors, and embeds them in the service design process. The design method including the original design tools proposed in this article contribute to a service design method for the use of robots in elderly care facilities by allocating jobs to human actors and non-human actors appropriately, and it also contributes to the issue of psychological resistance to the adoption of service robots in these facilities, which brings efficiencies to society. The contribution of this article is to reframe the issue of resistance to the adoption of service robots in elderly care facilities to the issue of what kinds of jobs in an elderly care facility should be assigned to service robots or caregivers, and the development of a service design process including original design tools.
What motivates our design students during COVID-19?
Authors: Price Rebecca Anne , Bijl-Brouwer Mieke van der
Published: October 2021

This article presents empirical findings and recommendations from a survey of 100 industrial design engineering students from the Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. The article adopts a self-deterministic motivation lens to present findings from a qualitative survey (N=100 respondents) and two member check workshops with design students and educators regarding motivations to study during COVID-19 restrictions. We identify that COVID-19 lockdown measures compromise three psychological prerequisites for motivation: ‘relatedness’, ‘autonomy’ and ‘competency’. We find that resilient students who have a sense of ‘purpose’ remain highly motivated. The article reveals creative approaches students are applying to build and sustain motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article contributes recommendations for educators and administrators to promote student motivation in pandemic and post-pandemic higher education. This article contributes novel insights regarding how students in particular are remaining motivated to study during COVID-19.
Fuerzas centrífugas y centrípetas en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica: los impactos de la expansión agroindustrial
Authors: León Alfaro Yazmín , González Brenes Frank , López Estébanez Nieves
Published: October 2021

Dentro del contexto Centroamericano, la región Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica destaca por su riqueza cultural y biológica; pero también por la manifestación de los impactos negativos de la expansión agroindustrial. Históricamente, esta región se ha visto marginada respecto al núcleo geo-histórico del país, y se ha caracterizado por el rezago socioeconómico y deterioro ambiental. En este sentido, en la presente investigación interesa abordar el caso de la región del Pacífico Sur como una región periférica y transfronteriza, que evidencia el impacto que han tenido las políticas y estrategias del Estado costarricense para el desarrollo nacional, en la configuración de los sistemas productivos regionales. A partir de un trabajo de campo que comprendió entrevistas en profundidad y observación directa, más la consulta de fuentes bibliográficas, estadísticas de agroproducción e indicadores socioeconómicos diversos, se analiza la incidencia de los agromodelos vigentes en la región. Como resultado, se sintetizan las principales fuerzas centrífugas y centrípetas que se asocian al rezago socioeconómico y a los desequilibrios territoriales manifestados en el territorio. Finalmente, se proponen posibles rutas de acción para superar los desequilibrios imperantes, destacando la agricultura familiar como un modelo productivo más sostenible y acorde a las características socio ecológicas regionales.
Distribution of anthracnose disease in orchards in the mango production area in northern regions of Cote d'Ivoire
Authors: Guy BROU Kouassi , Mohamed DOUMBIA , Dabé Doga , Nazaire KOUASSI Koffi II
Published: October 2021

Anthracnose disease is one of the main major biotic constraints to the marketing of mango in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this work is to report on the distribution of mango anthracnose disease in the mango production basin in northern Côte d'Ivoire. This study focused on 740 mango trees spread over 20 orchards, consisting mainly of the Kent variety. These orchards are located in three (3) study locations, namely the Bagoué, Tchologo and Poro regions. The study consisted of evaluating the incidence and severity of anthracnose in leaf, fruit and branch organs of 740 mango trees in 20 orchards in the three study regions.
Das Reale in der Schreib- und Theaterpraxis Heiner Müllers
Authors: Feliszewski Zbigniew
Published: October 2021

Zbigniew Feliszewski widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach Heiner Müllers Dramen- und Theaterkonzepten im Spannungsverhältnis von Möglichem und Unmöglichem unter Berücksichtigung der Auffassung des Realen von Alain Badiou. Der Zugang zum Realen ist durch den »Punkt des Unmöglichen« erreichbar. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Handlung, die die »Formalisierung« außer Kraft setzt und diese zugunsten ihres latenten Realen zerstört. Untersucht werden Müllers Strategie der Überschwemmung, seine Geschichtsauffassung, Umgang mit literarischen Stoffen und die Vorliebe, gegensätzliche Situationen auszuhandeln, Akzente auf das Fragmentarische und auf die Prozesse zu setzen.
Heiner Müllers ›norwegische‹ Küstenlandschaft
Authors: Arntzen Knut Ove
Published: October 2021

Der Text handelt sich um Heiner Müller und sein Besuch in Norwegen in 1974 mit dem Berliner Ensemble, Gastspiele zu den Festspillene i Bergen (Bergener Festspiele), wo Berliner Ensemble gespielt hat. Müllers Verhältnis zu norwegischen Theaterkompanie Bartruppen wird untersucht. Der Artikel enthält auch eine deutsche Version eines Interview mit Heiner Müller, von co-Hrsg. von der Zeitschrift Spillerom, Gunnar Nyquist geführt, Oslo, Spillerom 3/1986. Das Interview ist auch als Faksimile original zu sehen.
»Dialog mit den Toten«
Authors: Weise Marten
Published: October 2021

Marten Weise diskutiert in diesem Beitrag Heiner Müllers Philoktet im Zusammenhang seiner Formulierungen zum Dialog mit den Toten. Wie er dabei herausarbeitet, ist bei Müller der Dialog die Kontaktaufnahme mit einem Sprechen von einem anderen Ort, einem anderen Sprechen und einem Anders-als-Sprechen. »Hör wie das Schweigen deine Rede bricht.«, wirft der verwundete und schreiende Philoktet seinem Kontrahenten Odysseus entgegen und verweist damit auf eine der Sprache eigene Sprachabseitigkeit, die im beredten Schweigen und im bedeutungslosen Laut zum Ausdruck kommt. Sprache, die im Stück als die des Mythos und der Gemeinschaft reflektiert wird, steht für Müller in einem Verhältnis mit dem, was sie nicht ist, so der im Beitrag an der Beschreibung einer »negativen Dialogik« orientierte Vorschlag.
3.2 Governance
Authors: Heumann Stefan
Published: October 2021

Stefan Heumann argumentiert in dem Beitrag, dass erfolgreiche Digitalpolitik ohne eine Weiterentwicklung von Regierung und Verwaltung nicht gelingen wird. Er identifiziert und untersucht drei zentrale Felder für Reformen: Aufbau und Entwicklung von Expertise zum digitalen Wandel, Öffnung für Austausch und Zusammenarbeit mit externer Expertise und Vereinfachung von Strukturen zur Stärkung der Handlungsfähigkeit.
Transformation hochschuldidaktischer Weiterbildung unter Corona-Bedingungen
Authors: Hauenschild Wilfried , Mürmann Martin , Wildt Johannes
Published: October 2021

Die Verfasser Wilfried Hauenschild, Martin Mürmann und Johannes Wildt widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag der Frage, wie in der hochschuldidaktischen Weiterbildung unter den Bedingungen von Covid 19 und der damit verbundenen kurzfristigen Umstellung auf virtuelle Formate studierendenzentrierte Lehrauffassungen (»Shift from Teaching to Learning«) weiterhin praktiziert werden können. Die Autoren, die eine lange Zusammenarbeit in Hochschuldidaktik und Studienreform an der Universität Paderborn verbindet, diskutieren in einem Gespräch eigene Erfahrungen und reflektieren die gegenwärtigen Schwierigkeiten und Chancen, bewährte Weiterbildungskonzepte durch Integration des Besten aus den virtuellen und den realen Welten der Lehre weiterzuführen und zu entwickeln.
Hochschullehre unter Pandemie-Bedingungen in einem wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fachbereich
Authors: Brahm Taiga
Published: October 2021

Die pandemiebedingte Umstellung auf digitale Hochschullehre im letzten Sommer stellte Lehrende, Studierende und die Hochschulverwaltung vor Herausforderungen. Dabei wurden vielerorts digitale Lehr-/Lernformat (weiter-)entwickelt und es stellt sich die Frage, wie es gelingen kann, diese Veränderungen dauerhaft für die Hochschullehre zu nutzen. Den Hintergrund des vorliegenden Beitrags bilden theoretische Überlegungen zur Hochschule als besonderer Organisation sowie zu Ver-änderungsprozessen an Hochschulen. Auf der Grundlage ethnographischer Beobachtungen der Studierenden und Lehrenden eines wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fachbereichs werden die Erfahrungen mit dem digitalen Sommersemester 2020 reflektiert. Beispielsweise waren sowohl Lehrende als auch Studierende mit erhöhtem Aufwand konfrontiert und identifizierten auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen Chancen für die Weiterentwicklung der Hochschullehre. Erste Implikationen für die zukünftige Gestaltung von Veränderungsprozessen an Hochschulen werden abgeleitet.
Das Selbstmordattentat im Bild
Authors: Straub Verena
Published: October 2021

Selbstmordattentate werden seit jeher von Bildern begleitet und durch diese bestimmt. Von Märtyrerpostern über Videotestamente bis hin zu Computersimulationen und Livestreams vom Tatort - die Bildproduktionen der Milizen sind auf vielfältige Weise an der Tat beteiligt und müssen als Akteure im politischen Feld ernstgenommen werden. Verena Straub zeigt erstmals die Geschichte sogenannter Märtyrerzeugnisse auf, die seit den 1970er Jahren in diversen politischen Kontexten operieren. In zahlreichen Falluntersuchungen analysiert sie deren ästhetische und mediale Bandbreite, ihre Handlungsdimensionen und Genderpolitiken, ihre künstlerischen Aneignungen und ethischen Herausforderungen.
Das Fundament bröckelt
Authors: Russell Frieda
Published: October 2021

Frieda Russell untersucht in ihrem Beitrag, welche Rolle traditionelle Wertkategorien im Museum wie Authentizität und Materialität im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung spielen. Sie beschreibt das Verständnis von materiellem Kulturerbe als Zeitzeugen als eng verwachsen mit der musealen Institutionsgeschichte. Diese kanonisierte Erzählung wird durch die Geschichte der Technologienutzung durch Museen problematisiert. Frieda Russell zeigt auf, dass bis heute Technologie allzu oft durch Museumsschaffende und Museologen allzu oft als Mittel zum Zweck behandelt wird. Sie ruft daher zu einem verstärkten Bewusstsein dafür auf, wie individuelle und institutionelle Interpretationen von Technologie und deren Nutzen den Umgang mit der Museumsdigitialisierung beeinflussen können.
Sammlungsdigitalisierung am Deutschen Institut für Tropische und Subtropische Landwirtschaft
Authors: Nadarzinski Martin , Link Sophie
Published: October 2021

Martin Nadarzinski & Sophie Link beschreiben in diesem Beitrag die Digitalisierung der ethnographischen Sammlung des deutschen Instituts für tropische und subtropische Landwirtschaft in Witzenhausen. Dabei stellen die beiden Autor*innen die Grundlagen des Digitalisierungsprojektes und die Schwierigkeiten dessen anhand der Geschichte der Sammlung sowie zwei regionalen Teilsammlungen dar.
Expeausition
Authors: Meer Julia Regina
Published: October 2021

Ausgehend von Lucian Freuds Bild »Painter Working, Reflection« (1993) entwirft Julia Regina Meer eine korporale Philosophie der Bilder. Das Bild avanciert dabei zum Ausgangspunkt des Denkens, was eine methodische Abgrenzung zu den Bildwissenschaften wie auch zur Bildtheorie ermöglicht. In Anlehnung an die Philosophie von Jean-Luc Nancy schlägt sie ein affirmatives Konzept von Körperlichkeit vor, das auf dem Grenzbegriff der Expeausition - der körperlichen Ausgesetztheit entlang der Haut - beruht. Wie der Selbstakt von Freud zeigt, potenzieren Bilder dieses Ausgesetztsein, da sie nicht nur einen Bildinhalt ausstellen, sondern immer auch den Bildkörper mitaussetzen.
Multi-criteria analysis of road bitumen production processes by oxidation of refined petroleum products
Authors: Pleshivtseva Yuliya E. , Kazarinov Artem V. , Derevyanov Мaksim Yu.
Published: October 2021

Based on the DEA method, an approach has been developed for the multivariate analysis of the road bitumen production processes, allowing obtaining integral comparative assessments that ensure the ranking of processes according to various heterogeneous criteria. The main quantitative characteristics, qualitative indicators, and technological parameters of the oxidation processes are selected to form target functions when solving mathematical programming problems. Based on the CCR and Super Efficiency models of the DEA method, the problems of multivariate analysis of the efficiency of road bitumen production processes for the actual values ​​of the characteristics of raw materials and parameters of technological processes were formulated and solved, a comparative analysis of the estimates obtained for 64 bitumen samples was carried out. The results of the studies carried out make it possible to significantly expand the scope of the DEA method application and create on its basis a software package for multivariate analysis and optimization of bitumen production processes by improving the quality of the final product, reducing the resources for its production and reducing the negative impact on the environment.
Exploration, Isolation, and Identification of Carotenoid from Bacterial Symbiont of Sponge Callyspongia vaginalis
Authors: Abfa Iqna Kamila , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Susanto A B , Nuryadi Handung , Karwur Ferry F.
Published: October 2021

During the past two decades research on marine bacteria has highlighted the tremendous potential of symbiotic-microorganisms as a source of bioactive secondary. One of the potential of the bacterial symbionts is producing a natural pigment, and these organisms can be used as a sustainable source of natural pigments. Carotenoid is one of the most important pigments that has important roles in physiological and molecular processes of microorganisms, as well as for human health. The objective of this study is to analyze carotenoid pigments from marine bacterial symbionts from sponge and to identify bacterial symbionts that produce carotenoid pigments. Pigment analysis was performed by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Molecular bacterial identification was performed based on 16S rDNA sequence. The isolation of bacterial symbionts from C. vaginalison Zobell 2216E medium resulted in one bacterium, CB-SP5, positively synthesized carotenoids. By reverse phase HPLC analysis, the carotenoid pigments in the bacterial symbionts were identified as diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin, neoxanthin, dinoxanthin, anddiadinochrome. CB-SP5 shared the highest level of 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity with Psychrobacter celer (99%). Keywords : carotenoid, sponge, bacterial symbiont, 16S rDNA.
Assessment of Sustainable Use of Coastal Resources of Regional Waters Conservation Area Biak Numfor Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sutaman Sutaman , Wardiatno Yusli , Boer Mennofatria , Yulianda Fredinan
Published: October 2021

Efforts to exploit fish resources optimally, continuous and sustainable is an urgent demand for the greatest prosperity of the people, especially to improve the welfare of fishermen and fish farmers. The level of sustainable use of coastal resources in water conservation is very important, so that the utilization does not exceed the carrying capacity of the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sustainable use of coastal resources Biak Numfor, associated with the utilization of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism. The study was conducted in June to December 2015 and October to November 2016. The primary data obtained by interview and direct discussion through Focus Group Disscution (FGD) with fishermen community, tourist and tourist entrepreneurs as well as related officials in the Office of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, and Tourism Office of Biak Numfor Regency. Methods of data analysis approach sustainability analysis conducted by the method of MDS (Multi-Dimensional Scaling) with the help of software Rapfish. Based on the survey results revealed that the value of fisheries ordinated to achieve 57.66%, 44.80% aquaculture, and tourism 46.25%. With these achievements ordinated value, it can be concluded that the use of sustainable capture fisheries are still classified by the lever sustainability attributes include; the type of fishing gear, vessel types used and the catch per unit effort (CPUE). Meanwhile the relatively less sustainable aquaculture with the sustainability lever attributes include; cultivation technology, the number of business units with different types and species of fish. For tourism utilization is still considered less sustainable with levers sustainability attributes include the number of tourists, the type and number of amenities and facilities and infrastructure Keywords: Sustainability, utilization, waters conservation area (KKPD), MDS-Rapfish
Pathogenic Assay of Probiotic Bacteria Producing Proteolytic Enzymes as Bioremediation Bacteria Against Vannamei Shrimp Larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Setyati Wilis Ari , Zainuddin Muhammad , Renta Person Pesona
Published: October 2021

Application of bacteria in bioremediation of shrimp culture ponds is one of the methods used to clean internal pollutants. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of extracellular proteolytic enzyme produced by the probiotic bacteria as bioremediation bacteria on vannamei shrimp larvae culture. There were five probiotic bacteria, which were successfully isolated from the sediments served as substrate in mangrove area. The isolated bacteria were coded in number as 13, 19, 30, 33, and 36. Pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi was used as positive control. Pathogenic assay was carried out in two different bacterial concentrations, i.e. 10⁸ and 10⁶ cells.mL-1. The results showed that the lowest survival rate (SR) of shrimp larvae in positive control V. harveyi was 53 and 65%. Whereas isolates with the highest SR value (100%) were obtained from bacteria coded as 13 and 30. Isolates no. 19, 33 and 36 had SR of more than 90%. Total plate count (TPC) data showed that the bacteria increased significantly at the end of the study with an average increase value of 24%. The smallest TPC value was shown by bacterial isolate no. 19, while the largest was obtained from the isolate no. 13. These results suggest that all probiotic bacteria were not pathogenic to the vannamei shrimp larvae. Keywords: aquaculture, shrimp, bioremediation, pathogenesis, vibrio.
Collective Bargaining Agreements In Industrial Conflict Resolutions In The Ghanaian Public Sector: Workers' Perspective
Authors: Crentsil Justice Ebo
Published: October 2021

In recent years, industrial conflicts have reached alarming proportions, especially in Ghana’s public sector. In some instances, workers resort to strike actions and marches when employers use lockout and other methods not approved by the Labour Act or set out in a collective agreement. In Ghana, several heads of institutions and the management of most public institutions make unilateral decisions without consulting collective bargaining agreements. Many structures have been thrown into disarray; thus, resulting in industrial tensions at one point or another. This study aims to assess how effective collective bargaining agreements are at resolving labour disputes. A descriptive survey design was used, and the study participants included members of the Public Service Workers’ Union (PSWU) with a sample size of 240 unionised staff members. Poor coordination, lack of shared respect and consultation, and an unfavourable attitude toward union leaders and members were discovered to be the key causes of industrial conflict in the public sector. Furthermore, problems relating to salaries and wages, redundancies and layoffs, gratuities and pensions, and bad working conditions were the other causes of industrial unrest in Ghana’s public sector.   It was suggested that employers establish a constructive collective bargaining procedural and substantive rule to react swiftly to economic changes that impact workers’ terms and conditions of service.
Gerechtigkeit und deren intertextuelle und intermediale Beziehungen im Werk des Magisters Vincentius
Authors: Bering Piotr
Published: October 2021

The aim of present paper is a closer analyze of some textual construction which are imitating a legal action at court. The scene of imagined court were popular in medieval dramaturgy, they are often used as a plot for scenic action. A particular case was created by Master Vincentius (12th Cent.): a passage from chronicle which presents a possible staging of court action.
Future Anticipation in Sociology
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Miguel , Serpa Sandro
Published: October 2021

The ability to make forecasts about events is a goal favored by the so-called exact sciences. In sociology and other social sciences, the forecast, although often sought after, is not likely to be realized unconditionally. This article seeks to problematize and discuss the connection between sociology and forecast. The object of study of sociology has particular features that distinguish it from other scientific fields, namely facts and social situations, which deal with trends; the systems of belief of social scientists and policymakers that can influence the attempt to anticipate the future; the dissemination of information and knowledge produced by sociology and other social sciences, which have the potential to change reality and, consequently, to call into question their capacity for the social forecast. These principles pose challenges to sociology’s heuristic potentials, making the reflection on these challenges indispensable in the scientific approach to social processes.
Efectos de la mediación parental, habilidades digitales, género y condición socioeconómica en el uso de internet en niñas, niños y adolescentes
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Rolando , Brenes-Peralta Carlos
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: El estudio investiga el efecto del tipo de mediación parental, las habilidades digitales, el género y el nivel socioeconómico en los usos de internet en niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA) entre 9-17 años. Método: Para realizar esta investigación se tomaron los datos de la encuesta nacional Kids Online (Pérez-Sánchez, 2019) aplicada a una muestra representativa de 1008 NNA costarricenses, 50,6% mujeres y una edad promedio de 12,75 (DT = 2,55). Se siguió un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se realizaron modelos de ecuación estructural y análisis de moderación y mediación. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que los diferentes tipos de mediación contribuyen a promover o inhibir diferentes tipos de uso, resultando la mediación activa su principal promotor y el monitoreo su inhibidor, por encima de la mediación restrictiva. Las habilidades digitales tienen un efecto mediador parcial de la relación entre tipo de mediación y uso de internet, por lo que contribuyen a contrarrestar los efectos limitantes de la mediación por monitoreo o restrictiva sobre las oportunidades. Además, se encontró un efecto moderador del género y el nivel socioeconómico en la relación entre tipo de mediación y tipos de uso de la internet.
Evaluation Conducted With University Teachers on the General Physics Courses Taught at the National University of Costa Rica During 2014 and 2019
Authors: Márquez-Artavia Xiomara , Delgado-Orozco Luis , Saavedra-Arias José
Published: October 2021

Objective. Evaluate the General Physics courses (theory and laboratory) of the Science Teaching career with the university teaching staff, in the period from 2014 to 2019, to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the methodology and propose new educational strategies. Method. The research was conducted through a virtual survey with the LimeSurvey software to the teachers who have taught Physics courses for the Science Teaching career in the last five years; the survey was applied to the total population of 20 teachers, but only 12 of them answered it. The instrument was designed by the teaching staff working on the project to improve the laboratory manuals. The instrument analysis was carried out with the help of an Excel spreadsheet provided by the LimeSurvey software. The instrument was validated by IDESPO staff of the National University regarding the relevance of the content of the statements, the clarity of the questions, and the coherence with the objective of this study. Results. The structure and organization of the General Physics courses have a positive assessment by the teachers, who also showed a preference for the traditional lecturing; but even so, they are willing to train and learn new teaching strategies. Conclusions. The results of this investigation show that teachers are open to technological change and to working on the challenges that government policies have proposed.
RARE CAUSES OF SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX: TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: V. Hadzhiminev V. Hadzhiminev
Published: October 2021

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) may be a result of different rare diseases. In the following article are presented two interesting cases of SSP related to genetic disorders – Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). We share our clinical, laboratory and imaging findings as well as the surgical techniques we used and the postoperative complications we had. We performed a detailed literature review on this topic.