bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Multi‐Component Diffusion and Slip‐Flow in Microporous Media
Authors: Göll Stephan , Piesche Manfred
Published: February 2011

Die vorgestellte Methode zur ortsaufgelösten Berechnung der Gasgemischbewegung in mikroporösen Medien basiert auf einem fluiddynamischen Modell, das separate Massen‐ und Impulsbilanzen jeder Gemischkomponente beinhaltet. Die Anwendbarkeit bei höheren Knudsen‐Zahlen wird durch die Einführung komponentenspezifischer Gleitrandbedingungen ermöglicht. Nach der Implementierung in ein kommerzielles CFD‐Programm wird die Bewegung eines binären Gasgemischs in einer virtuell erzeugten Zufallsstruktur simuliert. Durch Auswertung der berechneten Geschwindigkeitsfelder können strukturbeschreibende Parameter zur Anwendung in einschlägigen 1D‐Modellen ermittelt werden.
Product Design of Disperse Solids by Breaking Up Materials
Authors: Rähse Wilfried
Published: February 2011

Nahezu alle Herstellprozesse in der Chemie, Lebensmittelindustrie und Pharmazie beinhalten eine oder mehrere Zerteilungen. Disperse Materialien (Feststoffe, Suspensionen etc.) und Kontinua (Flüssigkeiten, Schmelzen etc.) werden zur Einstellung der benötigten Teilchengröße und Größenverteilung sowie der Form gezielt zerteilt. Die Produkte liegen überwiegend im Größenbereich zwischen etwa 500 nm und einigen Millimetern. Im Zuge der Zerteilung lassen sich weitere Operationen, wie Trocknen, Kühlen, Coaten oder Reagieren durchführen. Die Festlegung der physikalisch‐chemischen und anwendungstechnischen Produkteigenschaften erfolgt im Labor und im Technikum. Ihre teilweise komplexe Einstellung erfolgt in der Produktion über abgestimmte Verfahrensschritte, die das Produktdesign festlegen.
Experimental Investigations of Foam in Packed Columns
Authors: Senger Gerrit , Wozny Günter
Published: February 2011

Die Thematik Schaum in Kolonnen stellt ein großes Gebiet mit umfangreichem Forschungsbedarf dar, das aufgrund seiner Komplexität bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht wurde. In einem laufenden Forschungsvorhaben werden fluiddynamische Leistungsdaten (Druckverlust, Flutgrenzen) verschiedener Packungen für schäumende Systeme ermittelt. Ergänzend wird der Ort innerhalb der Kolonne, von dem das Fluten ausgeht, getrennt ermittelt. Eine Testzelle, die die Schaumneigung eines Stoffsystems im Hinblick auf die Verwendung in Packungskolonnen charakterisiert, wird vorgestellt. Ergebnisse zur Phänologie des Schaumverhaltens, zu den Leistungsdaten beim Kolonnen‐Betrieb mit schäumenden Medien und den Versuchen der entwickelten Testzelle werden präsentiert.
Achieving fine‐grained access control for secure data sharing on cloud servers
Authors: Wang Guojun , Liu Qin , Wu Jie
Published: February 2011

With more and more enterprises sharing their sensitive data on cloud servers, building a secure cloud environment for data sharing has attracted a lot of attention in both the industry and academic communities. In this paper, we propose a conjunctive precise and fuzzy identity‐based encryption (PFIBE) scheme for secure data sharing on cloud servers, which allows the encryption of data by specifying a recipient identity (ID) set or a disjunctive normal form (DNF) access control policy over attributes, so that only the user whose ID belongs to the ID set or attributes satisfy the DNF access control policy can decrypt the corresponding data. Our design goal is to propose a novel encryption scheme, which simultaneously achieves a fine‐grained access control, flexibility, high performance, and full key delegation, so as to help enterprise users to enjoy more secure, comprehensive, and flexible services. We achieve this goal by first combining the hierarchical identity‐based encryption (HIBE) system and the ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) system, and then marking each user with both an ID and a set of descriptive attributes, finally separating the access control policy into two parts: a recipient ID set and a DNF attribute‐based access control policy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse strains for the ubiquitous or conditional overexpression of the Flii gene
Authors: Thomsen Nicole , Chappell Anna , Ali Radiya G. , Jones Tamsin , Adams Damian H. , Matthaei Klaus I. , Campbell Hugh D. , Cowin Allison J. , Arkell Ruth M.
Published: February 2011

The gelsolin related actin binding protein, Flii, is able to regulate wound healing; mice with decreased Flii expression show improved wound healing whereas mice with elevated Flii expression exhibit impaired wound healing. In both mice and humans Flii expression increases with age and amelioration of FLII activity represents a possible therapeutic strategy for improved wound healing in humans. Despite analysis of Flii function in a variety of organisms we know little of the molecular mechanisms underlying Flii action. Two new murine alleles of Flii have been produced to drive constitutive or tissue‐specific expression of Flii. Each strain is able to rescue the embryonic lethality associated with a Flii null allele and to impair wound healing. These strains provide valuable resources for ongoing investigation of Flii function in a variety of biological processes. genesis 49:681–688, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of microhabitat and food availability in determining riparian invertebrate distributions on gravel bars: a habitat manipulation experiment
Authors: Henshall Sarah E. , Sadler Jon P. , Hannah David M. , Bates Adam J.
Published: February 2011

Exposed riverine sediments (ERS) are an important ecotone, where aquatic and terrestrial habitats and species interact. Within an area of ERS, invertebrate species richness tends to be highest along the water's edge ecotone. In this article, we discuss a habitat manipulation experiment which was conducted to test the hypotheses that ERS invertebrate distribution is linked to: (1) the availability of food items (emerging and stranded aquatic invertebrates) and (2) favourable physical microhabitat and microclimate (temperature and moisture). Four experimental plots were created (wet, wet‐fed, dry‐fed and dry control plot), replicated three times. The plots were wetted using a capillary pump system, and fed with dried blood worms (Chironomids) for 28 days. Sediment temperature was measured at 15‐min intervals. Hand searches were undertaken on 25% of each plot after 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. Significant temperature differences were observed between the wet and dry sediment and the air temperature. Wet plots were 1·9 °C cooler on average than the dry plots and had a smaller temperature range; all plots remained significantly warmer than the air temperature. The wet and wet‐fed plots yielded significantly greater numbers of beetles than the dry and dry‐fed plots; however, no significant difference was found between the wet and wet‐fed plots. Spiders were significantly associated with dry plots and showed no response to food variability. These results suggest that micro‐environment and not food availability is the main driving factor underlying beetle distribution and movement, although it is possible that they are using lower temperatures and increased moisture as a cue for aquatic food availability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition‐Metal Complexes Based on a Sulfonate‐Containing N‐Donor Ligand and Their Use as HIV Antiviral Agents
Authors: García‐Gallego Sandra , Serramía M. Jesús , Arnaiz Eduardo , Díaz Laura , Muñoz‐Fernández M. Angeles , Gómez‐Sal Pilar , Ottaviani M. Francesca , Gómez Rafael , de la Mata F. Javier
Published: February 2011

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a sulfonate‐containing N‐donor ligand in its sodium salt and acid forms, Na2[(DES)MeN(CH2)2NMe(DES)]·2H2O (1) and [(DES)MeN+H(CH2)2N+HMe(DES)]·H2O (2), and its corresponding metal complexes, [{(DES)MeN(CH2)2NMe(DES)}M(H2O)2]·nH2O [M = Ni (3), Co (4), Cu (5) and Zn (6)]. Treatment of HIV‐infected MT‐2 cells with Ni, Co and Cu complexes inhibit virus replication up to 50–70 % both in pre‐ and post‐infected cells as a result of dual preventive and therapeutic behaviour.
[1,5]‐Hydride Transfer/Cyclization of ortho‐Amino Alkynyl Fischer Carbene Complexes: A Useful Tool for the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Barluenga José , Fañanás‐Mastral Martín , Fernández Amadeo , Aznar Fernando
Published: February 2011

An efficient method for the synthesis of compounds containing a quinoline moiety by using o‐aminophenyl alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes as starting materials is described. The reaction is based on a cascade process involving [1,5]‐hydride transfer/cyclization to afford new alkenylcarbene complexes with quinoline moiety 2. The reaction of alkenyl complexes 2 with unsaturated substrates such as electron‐poor alkynes afford furo[2′,3′‐3,4]cyclopenta[1,2‐c]quinolinone derivatives 6 and (1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐3‐ylvinyl)malonates 12 when propiolic aldehydes and propiolates are used, respectively. The reactivity of the alkenylcarbene complexes was also studied by using 1,3‐dienes to afford cyclohepta[c]quinolinones 17 when Danishefsky's diene is used and 3‐pirimidinylquinoline derivatives 21 when 4‐amino‐1‐azadienes are employed.
Dispersive transport of biomolecules in periodic energy landscapes with application to nanofilter sieving arrays
Authors: Li Zi Rui , Liu Gui Rong , Hadjiconstantinou Nicolas G. , Han Jongyoon , Wang Jian‐Sheng , Chen Yu Zong
Published: February 2011

We present a theoretical model for describing the electric field‐driven migration and dispersion of short anisotropic molecules in nanofluidic filter arrays. The model uses macrotransport theory to derive exact integral‐form expressions for the effective mobility and diffusivity of Brownian particles moving in an effective one‐dimensional energy landscape. The latter is obtained by modeling the anisotropic molecules as point‐sized Brownian particles with their orientational degrees of freedom accounted for by an entropy penalty term, and using a systematic projection procedure for reducing the system dimensionality to the device axial dimension. Our analytical results provide guidance for the design and optimization of nanofluidic separation systems without the need for complex numerical simulations. Comparison with numerical solution of the macrotransport equations in the actual, effectively two‐dimensional, geometry shows that the one‐dimensional model faithfully describes the field‐ and size‐dependences of mobility and diffusivity, with maximum difference on the order of 10% under the experimentally relevant electric fields.
Displacement controlled rocking behaviour of rigid objects
Authors: Kafle Bidur , Lam Nelson T. K. , Gad Emad F. , Wilson John
Published: February 2011

The capacity of a gravity structure to counter seismically induced overturning can only be estimated with good accuracy using a dynamic analysis of the rotational (rocking) motion involving large displacement theory. Seismic assessment employing quasi‐static analysis can be overly conservative if the reserve capacity of this type of rocking structure to displace without overturning is not taken into account. It was revealed through dynamic testing on a shaking table that the overturning hazards of ground shaking are best represented by the peak displacement demand (PDD) parameter and that the vulnerability to overturning instability decreases with the increasing size of the object when the aspect ratio is held constant. This finding has important implications on the engineering of structures for countering moderate ground shaking in regions of low and moderate seismicity. Experimental data were validated and supplemented by computer simulations that involved generating artificial accelerograms of designated earthquake scenarios and non‐linear time‐history analyses of the overturning motions. Based on these simulations, fragility curves were constructed for estimating the probability of overturning for given levels of PDD and for different specimen dimensions. An expression was developed for estimating the level of PDD required to overturn rectangular objects of given dimensions for 5% probability of exceedance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primate milk: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate perspectives
Authors: Hinde Katie , Milligan Lauren A
Published: February 2011

To understand the evolutionary forces that have shaped primate lactation strategies, it is important to understand the proximate mechanisms of milk synthesis and their ecological and phylogenetic contexts. The lactation strategy of a species has four interrelated dimensions: the frequency and duration of nursing bouts, the period of lactation until weaning, the number and sex ratio of infants that a mother rears simultaneously, and the composition and yield of the milk that mothers synthesize. Milk synthesis, arguably the most physiologically costly component of rearing infants, remains the least studied. Energy transfer becomes energetically less efficient, transitioning from placental support to milk synthesis1, 2 just as the energy requirements for infant growth, development, and behavioral activity substantially increase. Here we review primate lactation biology and milk synthesis, integrating studies from anthropology, biology, nutrition, animal science, immunology, and biochemistry, to identify the derived and ancestral features of primate milks and enhance our understanding of primate life history.
Is there a health penalty of China's rapid urbanization?
Authors: Van de Poel E. , O'Donnell O. , Van Doorslaer E.
Published: February 2011

While highly pertinent to the human welfare consequences of development, the impact of rapid urbanization on population health is not obvious. This paper uses community and individual‐level longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey to estimate the net health impact of China's unprecedented urbanization. We construct an index of urbanicity from a broad set of community characteristics and define urbanization in terms of movements across the distribution of this index. We use difference‐in‐differences estimators to identify the treatment effect of urbanization on the self‐assessed health of individuals. We find that urbanization raises the probability of reporting of poor health and that a greater degree of urbanization has a larger effect. The effect may, in part, be attributable to changed health expectations, but it also appears to operate through health behaviour. Populations experiencing urbanization tend to consume more fat and smoke more. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time trends and latitudinal differences in melanoma thickness distribution in Australia, 1990–2006
Authors: Baade Peter , Meng Xingqiong , Youlden Danny , Aitken Joanne , Youl Philippa
Published: February 2011

This study investigated time trends and latitude differentials in the thickness distributions of invasive melanomas diagnosed in Australia between 1990 and 2006 using data from population‐based cancer registries. Trends in incidence rates were calculated by sex, age group, thickness, year at diagnosis and latitude. For thin (<1.00mm) melanomas the increase was very pronounced during the early 1990s (1990–1996, annual percentage change and 95% confidence interval: males +5.6(+3.5,+7.7); females +4.1(+1.7,+6.5), but then incidence rates became stable among both males (+0.6(−0.1,+1.4)) and females (−0.0(−0.9,+0.9)) of all ages between 1996 and 2006. In contrast, incidence of thick (>4.00 mm) melanomas continued to increase over the entire period (males +2.6(+1.9,+3.4); females +1.6(+0.6,+2.6)). Recent reductions in the incidence of thin melanomas were observed among young (<50 years) males and females, contrasted by an increase in thin melanomas among older people, and increases in thick melanomas among most age groups for males and elderly (75+) females. A strong latitude gradient in incidence rates was observed, with rates being highest in northern, more tropical areas and lowest in the most southern regions. However, the magnitude of the increase in thick melanomas was most pronounced in southern parts of Australia. The observed trends in thin melanomas can most likely be attributed to the impact of early detection and skin awareness campaigns. However, these efforts have not impacted on the continued increase in the incidence of thick melanomas, although some increase may be due to earlier detection of metastasising melanomas. This highlights the need for continued vigilance in early detection processes.
Highlighting the versatility of the tracerlab synthesis modules. Part 1: fully automated production of [18F]labelled radiopharmaceuticals using a Tracerlab FXFN
Authors: Shao Xia , Hoareau Raphaël , Hockley Brian G. , Tluczek Louis J. M. , Henderson Bradford D. , Padgett Henry C. , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: February 2011

The field of radiochemistry is moving toward exclusive use of automated synthesis modules for production of clinical radiopharmaceutical doses. Such a move comes with many advantages, but also presents radiochemists with the challenge of re‐configuring synthesis modules for production of radiopharmaceuticals that require nonconventional radiochemistry while maintaining full automation. This review showcases the versatility of the Tracerlab FXFN synthesis module by presenting simple, fully automated methods for producing [18F]FLT, [18F]FAZA, [18F]MPPF, [18F]FEOBV, [18F]sodium fluoride, [18F]fluorocholine and [18F]SFB. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microglial cystatin F expression is a sensitive indicator for ongoing demyelination with concurrent remyelination
Authors: Ma Jianmei , Tanaka Kenji F. , Shimizu Takahiro , Bernard Claude C.A. , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Pfeiffer Steven E. , Ikenaka Kazuhiro
Published: February 2011

Demyelination coincides with numerous changes of gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS). Cystatin F, which is a papain‐like lysosomal cysteine proteinase inhibitor that is normally expressed by immune cells and not in the brain, is massively induced in the CNS during acute demyelination. We found that microglia, which are monocyte/macrophage‐lineage cells in the CNS, express cystatin F only during demyelination. By using several demyelinating animal models and the spinal cord tissues from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, we examined spatiotemporal expression pattern of cystatin F by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We found that the timing of cystatin F induction matches with ongoing demyelination, and the places with cystatin F expression overlapped with the remyelinating area. Most interestingly, cystatin F induction ceased in chronic demyelination, in which remyelinating ability was lost. These findings demonstrate that the expression of cystatin F indicates the occurrence of ongoing demyelination/remyelination and the absence of cystatin F expression indicates the cessation of remyelination in the demyelinating area. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controllable versus uncontrollable information sources: effects on the image of turkey
Authors: Alvarez Maria D. , Campo Sara
Published: February 2011

The study aims to determine the effect of controllable and uncontrollable sources of information on the country and destination image as two separate constructs. The research is carried out in the context of Turkey as a developing country through the use of a pre‐ and post‐experimental design with a control group. The study establishes the greater influence of the controllable sources (promotional video) as opposed to the uncontrollable ones (news video). The findings show that tourism promotional information improves Turkey's destination image and its preference in terms of visitation in contrast to the news, which do not significantly affect the image. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband microstrip phase shifters employing parallel stubs and ground slots
Authors: Bialkowski Marek , Wang Yifan
Published: February 2011

This letter describes the design of broadband microstrip phase shifters employing parallel stubs loading a main transmission line.To make these devices fully planar, a virtual short and ground slots terminating the stubs are used. The proposed design is demonstrated in examples of 45° and 22.5° phase shifters. Full‐wave simulation results show that the designed 45° phase shifter exhibits a phase shift of 45° ± 5° over the frequency band of 3–11 GHz while the 22.5° phase shifter exhibits a phase shift of 22.5° ± 2.5° over the frequency band of 3.7 to 11 GHz. These are accompanied by the return loss of about 10 dB across the same frequency ranges. The simulated performance is confirmed by experimental results which illustrate a phase shift of 45° ± 6.5° for the 45° phase shifter and 22.5° ± 2.6° for the 45° phase shifter over the frequency band of 3–11 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:723–728, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25825
Planar strip monopole with a chip‐capacitor‐loaded loop radiating feed for LTE/WWAN slim mobile phone application
Authors: Chen Shu‐Chuan , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: February 2011

A small‐size wideband internal mobile phone antenna formed by a planar strip monopole with a chip‐capacitor‐loaded loop radiating feed for achieving eight‐band long term evolution/wireless wide area network operation in the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands is presented. The antenna is suitable to be disposed on a small no‐ground board space (15 × 45 mm2) of the system circuit board and enclosed by an L‐shaped system ground plane of the mobile phone. On the protruded ground of the L‐shaped system ground plane, a universal series bus connector for the data port of the mobile phone can be accommodated without affecting the antenna performances. The antenna also shows a low profile of 3 mm above the circuit board, which makes it very promising for slim mobile phone applications. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. Measured and simulated results are presented. The specific absorption rate results of the antenna are also analyzed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:952–958, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25845
Predistortion of a 100‐W base station high‐power amplifiers
Authors: Sun X. L. , Cheung S. W. , Yuk T. I.
Published: February 2011

This article presents the design of a fifth‐order RF predistorter for use in a base‐station high‐power amplifier (HPA).The predistorter uses two intermodulation (IM) signal generators, with identical configuration, to individually generate the third‐ and fifth‐order inband intermodulation (IM3 and IM5) signals for cancellation of the third‐ and fifth‐order intermodulation distortion products (IMDP3 and IMDP5) at the output of the HPA. The IM signal generators are constructed using two Schottky diodes as non‐linear devices to generate the inband IM3 and IM5 signals. The proposed predistorter is designed and optimized using computer simulation. A hardware prototype is built and tested in a practical 100‐W HPA using a standard IS‐95 CDMA signal at 2.2 GHz. Measured results show that the spectral regrowth of the signal at the HPA output can be significantly suppressed over a wide range of output power levels. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:861–867, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25855
Composite right/left‐handed‐coupled line bandpass filter using the first negative resonant mode
Authors: Kim Hang , Park Jae‐Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hae
Published: February 2011

In this letter, a high‐order composite right/left‐handed (CRLH)‐coupled line bandpass filter using the first negative resonant mode is presented. The unit‐cell structure of a half wavelength resonator is composed of an interdigital capacitor for a series capacitance and a shorted stub for a shunt inductance, respectively. The design equations are derived from those of a conventional coupled line filter. The even‐mode and odd‐mode impedances of a CRLH‐coupled line section are obtained using full wave simulation to complete the design equations. An insertion loss of a CRLH filter is suppressed from 2.1 to 1.1 dB by adding via hole in the end of resonators. The size of a CRLH filter is reduced by 53%, compared with that of conventional coupled line bandpass filter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:943–947, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25856
Miniaturized zeroth‐order resonator based on simplified CRLH TL structure
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Ping , Han Zhen‐Yu , Guo Li‐Min
Published: February 2011

A novel miniaturized zeroth‐order resonator (ZOR) using a simplified composite right/left‐handed transmission line structure is proposed. The ZOR consists of only microstrip line and grounded stub. Compared with the conventional half‐wavelength resonator, the superiority of the ZOR proposed here mainly lies in its compact size. In addition, it is easy to tune the zeroth‐order resonant frequency, thanks to its simple structure and easy fabrication. The full‐wave simulation and experiment are carried out on a four‐cell ZOR and a one‐cell ZOR. A good agreement between the simulated and experimental results verifies that the proposed method is feasible. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:848–852, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25868
Miniaturize size of dual band branch‐line coupler by implementing reduced series arm of coupler with stub loaded
Authors: Jizat N. M. , Rahim S.K. A. , Rahman T. A. , Kamarudin M. R.
Published: February 2011

An extremely reduced size branch‐line coupler operating at dual frequencies of WLAN band 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz is presented which is 58% smaller compared to the conventional design. The technique presented introduces the combination method in which the length of series lines is half than the length of shunt branch lines and the loading of stub tapped to the center of the series branch line that forms the couplers arms. Furthermore, the coupler accurately divides the input signal by two parts with the same power and 90° phase difference. Also, the reflection coefficient and the isolation are as good as conventional one. The agreement of the measurement and simulated confirms the theory and validates the proposed coupler design. The measurement shows 33.83% and 9.22% bandwidth for the lower and upper frequency, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:819–822, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25869
Fiber optic accelerometer based on long period fiber grating induced by CO2 laser pulses
Authors: Shi Cuihua , Zhu Tao , Rao Yunjiang , Deng Ming
Published: February 2011

An accelerometer based on the strain and bend characteristics of long period fiber grating (LPFG), which fabricated in common communication optical single mode fiber by using CO2 laser pulses, is investigated in this article. The relationship between vibration of the uniform strength beam and the light intensity of LPFG is analyzed. Experimental results show that the acceleration measuring system has a sensitivity of ∼2.82 v/g. The error between theoretical and experimental value is about 0.82%. Such kind of accelerometers have many advantages as low cost, a high sensitivity, can withstand temperatures up to 800°C, and achieve temperature self‐compensation. It would have great potential applications in measuring in real‐time and high temperature place. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:841–845, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25875
Microstrip low pass filter with wideband rejection using opened circuit stubs and Z‐slots defected ground structures
Authors: Mohra Ashraf S.
Published: February 2011

A new microstrip low pass filter (LPF) with defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed in this article.The DGSs consists of reshaped rectangular dumbbell slot and four groups of Z‐shape slots. The microstrip line with DGS gave good rejection band extend from 3.0 to 9 GHz with acceptable pass band. The microstrip line with open circuit stubs (without DGS) gave good rejection band at the high frequency from 9 to 14 GHz. Using both structures results in LPF with wideband rejection from 3.37 to 14 GHz with attenuation less than (−26.0dB) and good passband less than (−25 dB). An equivalent circuit for the proposed LPF was given. The realized filter size was 34.0 × 34.0 mm2, and it gave good agreement with simulated results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:811–815, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25876
Wideband microstrip‐to‐CPS transition with good out‐of‐band performance for UWB application
Authors: Beng Lim Teck , Zhu Lei , Guan Ying , Cheng Phoa Ngee
Published: February 2011

A novel wideband microstrip‐to‐coplanar stripline (CPS) transition with good out‐of‐band performance for ultra‐wideband (UWB) has been proposed and developed. This transition consists of a coupled‐line structure and a stepped‐impedance shunt stub. This hybrid arrangement not only realizes impedance/field matching simultaneously in the desired passband but also achieves sharpened out‐of‐band rejection rate as inquired in UWB communication. As its operating mechanism is described, a single transition is designed to cover the whole UWB band (3.1–10.6 GHz). Predicted results are then reasonably verified in experiment in a wide band via fabrication and measurement of a back‐to‐back transition circuit. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:836–838, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25882
A novel microstrip resonator with broadband filtering and narrowband radiating functions
Authors: Sung Y. J.
Published: February 2011

This letter proposes a novel microstrip resonator that can perform filtering and radiating functions simultaneously.The proposed structure consists of outer ring, inner ring, circular patch, and three ports. The operating frequencies (f1 and f2) for a filter and an antenna are different. At the lower band, in which the center frequency is f1, the proposed structure represents the characteristics of a wideband bandpass filter that has three transmission poles in a passband. Also, the proposed structure is operated as a radiating element at f2. The measured isolation between the filter and the antenna is less than −25 dB over the entire impedance bandwidth for the filter and the antenna. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:940–943, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25884
Low‐profile multiband planar hybrid antenna design for mobile handset applications
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Cheng Po‐Chun , Lee Ching‐Her
Published: February 2011

A compact size planar microstrip‐fed monopole antenna designed for mobile handset applications is proposed. To operate at global system for mobile communication (GSM)/global positioning system/digital communication system/personal communication system/universal mobile telecommunications system and 2.4‐GHz wireless local‐area network bands, a hybrid technique of joining the horizontal section of a T‐monopole to an open‐loop back coupling strip and loading a pair of monopole slot into the ground plane is used. Two operating bands are observed (along 3:1 VSWR) with the lower band covering only the GSM application, while the wide upper operating band covers the remaining applications. The effects on the antenna performances by tuning the various vital parameters have also been studied. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:910–915, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25889
Estimating and testing for center effects in competing risks
Authors: Katsahian Sandrine , Boudreau Christian
Published: February 2011

The problems of fitting Gaussian frailties proportional hazards models for the subdistribution of a competing risk and of testing for center effects are considered. In the analysis of competing risks data, Fine and Gray proposed a proportional hazards model for the subdistribution to directly assess the effects of covariates on the marginal failure probabilities of a given failure cause. Katsahianbiet al. extended their model to clustered time to event data, by including random center effects or frailties in the subdistribution hazard. We first introduce an alternate estimation procedure to the one proposed by Katsahian et al. This alternate estimation method is based on the penalized partial likelihood approach often used in fitting Gaussian frailty proportional hazards models in the standard survival analysis context, and has the advantage of using standard survival analysis software. Second, four hypothesis tests for the presence of center effects are given and compared via Monte‐Carlo simulations. Statistical and numerical considerations lead us to formulate pragmatic guidelines as to which of the four tests is preferable. We also illustrate the proposed methodology with registry data from bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression analysis of longitudinal data with informative observation times and application to medical cost data
Authors: Zhu Liang , Sun Jianguo , Tong Xingwei , Pounds Stanley
Published: February 2011

Longitudinal data analysis is one of the most discussed and applied areas in statistics and a great deal of literature has been developed for it. However, most of the existing literature focus on the situation where observation times are fixed or can be treated as fixed constants. This paper considers the situation where these observation times may be random variables and more importantly, they may be related to the underlying longitudinal variable or process of interest. Furthermore, covariate effects may be time‐varying. For the analysis, a joint modeling approach is proposed and in particular, for estimation of time‐varying regression parameters, an estimating equation‐based procedure is developed. Both asymptotic and finite sample properties of the proposed estimates are established. The methodology is applied to an acute myeloid leukemia trial that motivated this study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing a seamless phase II/III clinical trial using early outcomes for treatment selection: An application in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Friede T. , Parsons N. , Stallard N. , Todd S. , Valdes Marquez E. , Chataway J. , Nicholas R.
Published: February 2011

In recent years adaptive seamless phase II/III designs (ASDs) allowing treatment or dose selection at an interim analysis have gained much attention because of their potential to save development costs and to shorten time‐to‐market of a new compound compared to conventional drug development programmes with separate trials for individual phases. In this paper, we describe an ASD with treatment selection based on early outcome data, specifically considering the situation where no final outcomes are observed at the time of the interim analysis. Bringing together combination tests for adaptive designs and the closure principle for multiple testing, control of the familywise type I error rate in the strong sense is achieved. Furthermore, a simulation model is proposed based on standardized test statistics that allows the generation of virtual trials for a variety of outcomes. We use this simulation model to investigate the actual type I error rate of the proposed testing procedure and find that the familywise type I error rate is controlled as expected. The method is often conservative, with the degree of conservatism depending on the correlation between early and late outcome, the true mean values of the early outcome in the different treatment groups and the selection rule. The investigations are motivated and illustrated by an application of the proposed design and simulation model to progressive multiple sclerosis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayes computation for ecological inference
Authors: Wakefield Jon , Haneuse Sebastien , Dobra Adrian , Teeple Elizabeth
Published: February 2011

Ecological data are available at the level of the group, rather than at the level of the individual. The use of ecological data in spatial epidemiological investigations is particularly common. Although the computational methods described are more generally applicable, this paper concentrates on the situation in which the margins of 2 × 2 tables are observed in each ofngeographical areas, with a Bayesian approach to inference. We consider auxiliary schemes that impute the missing data, and compare with a previously suggested normal approximation. The analysis of ecological data is subject to ecological bias, with the only reliable means of removing such bias being the addition of auxiliary individual‐level information. Various schemes have been suggested for this supplementation, and we illustrate how the computational methods may be applied to the analysis of such enhanced data. The methods are illustrated using simulated data and two examples. In the first example, the ecological data are supplemented with a simple random sample of individual‐level data, and in this example the normal approximation fails. In the second example case–control sampling provides the additional information. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Key challenges for enabling agile BPM with social software
Authors: Bruno Giorgio , Dengler Frank , Jennings Ben , Khalaf Rania , Nurcan Selmin , Prilla Michael , Sarini Marcello , Schmidt Rainer , Silva Rito
Published: February 2011

Business Process Management is called agile when it is able to react quickly and adequately to internal and external events. Agile Business Process Management requires putting the life cycle of business processes on a new paradigm. It is advocated in this paper that social software allows us to satisfy the key requirements for enabling agile BPM by applying the four features of social software: weak ties, social production, egalitarianism and mutual service provision. Organizational and semantic integration and responsiveness (of the business processes engineering, execution and management activities) have been identified as the main requirements for implementing an agile BPM life cycle. Social software may be used in the BPM life cycle in several manners and using numerous approaches. This paper presents seven among them and then analyzes the ‘support’ effects between those approaches and the underlying social software features, and the three requirements for Agile BPM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heuristic formulation to predict thermal postbuckling behaviour of square plates on elastic foundation
Authors: Rao G.V. , Rao Ch.S. , Janardhana G.R.
Published: February 2011

Development of simple heuristic formulas for complex nonlinear structural analysis problems, such as the postbuckling behaviour of structural members like columns and plates, are very useful for practicing engineers. Such formulas, developed based on the physics of the problem, are available for the aforementioned simple structural members. The advantage is that these formulations can directly be extended to structural members having complicating effects; one such problem is the effect of elastic foundation on the postbuckling behavior of square plates. In this paper, a simple formula is developed, to predict the thermal postbuckling behavior of uniform thin square plates resting on an elastic foundation, subjected to uniform compressive thermal loads (biaxial compression) developed due to the temperature rise from the stress free temperature. The present formulation requires the knowledge of the in plane tensile forces developed in the plate, due to large deflections, when the in plane displacements normal to the edges of the plate are restrained to move axially and the corresponding buckling load. The effectiveness of this formula is established by comparing the present analytical thermal postbuckling results with those obtained from the rigorous nonlinear finite element analysis.
Does Multiracial Matter? A Study of Racial Disparities in Self-Rated Health
Authors: Bratter Jenifer L. , Gorman Bridget K.
Published: February 2011

How do self-identified multiracial adults fit into documented patterns of racial health disparities? We assess whether the health status of adults who view themselves as multiracial is distinctive from that of adults who maintain a single-race identity, by using a seven-year (2001–2007) pooled sample of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We explore racial differences in self-rated health between whites and several single and multiracial adults with binary logistic regression analyses and investigate whether placing these groups into a self-reported “best race” category alters patterns of health disparities. We propose four hypotheses that predict how the self-rated health status of specific multiracial groups compares with their respective component single-race counterparts, and we find substantial complexity in that no one explanatory model applies to all multiracial combinations. We also find that placing multiracial groups into a single “best race” category likely obscures the pattern of health disparities for selected groups because some multiracial adults (e.g., American Indians) tend to identify with single-race groups whose health experience they do not share.
Heterogeneity in the Strehler-Mildvan General Theory of Mortality and Aging
Authors: Zheng Hui , Yang Yang , Land Kenneth C.
Published: February 2011

This study examines and further develops the classic Strehler-Mildvan (SM) general theory of mortality and aging. Three predictions from the SM theory are tested by examining the age dependence of mortality patterns for 42 countries (including developed and developing countries) over the period 1955–2003. By applying finite mixture regression models, principal component analysis, and random-effects panel regression models, we find that (1) the negative correlation between the initial adulthood mortality rate and the rate of increase in mortality with age derived in the SM theory exists but is not constant; (2) within the SM framework, the implied age of expected zero vitality (expected maximum survival age) also is variable over time; (3) longevity trajectories are not homogeneous among the countries; (4) Central American and Southeast Asian countries have higher expected age of zero vitality than other countries in spite of relatively disadvantageous national ecological systems; (5) within the group of Central American and Southeast Asian countries, a more disadvantageous national ecological system is associated with a higher expected age of zero vitality; and (6) larger agricultural and food productivities, higher labor participation rates, higher percentages of population living in urban areas, and larger GDP per capita and GDP per unit of energy use are important beneficial national ecological system factors that can promote survival. These findings indicate that the SM theory needs to be generalized to incorporate heterogeneity among human populations.
Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SCL-90-R: A study on a large community sample
Authors: Prunas Antonio , Sarno Irene , Preti Emanuele , Madeddu Fabio , Perugini Marco
Published: February 2011

We present the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SCL-90-R based on a large sample of the Italian population. The sample (N = 3631) included high-school and university students and adults from the community (age range=13–70 yrs; 39.2% males). Principal component analysis (PCA) supported by parallel analysis, yielded eight components, partially overlapping those in the original version; no evidence of Psychoticism and Paranoid Ideation as separate subscales emerged. Twenty-one items were consecutively deleted, leading to a 69-item version of the scale. Internal coherence was good for all subscales (α values between 0.70 and 0.96). However, the eight-factor solution did not prove consistent when analyses were replicated after dividing the sample in subgroups according to gender and age. A second-order PCA yielded a single factor, supporting the adoption of the GSI as an index of general distress. A 69-item brief version of the scale has been empirically derived in this study, and can possibly be adopted as a screening measure for general distress in Italian adults and adolescents; however, caution should be exercised when interpreting the clinical profile due to the instability of factor structure.
Coercion and (Global) Justice
Authors: VALENTINI LAURA
Published: February 2011

In this article, I develop a new account of the liberal view that principles of justice (in general) are meant to justify state coercion, and consider its implications for the question of global socioeconomic justice (in particular). Although contemporary proponents of this view deny that principles of socioeconomic justice apply globally, on my newly developed account this conclusion is mistaken. I distinguish between two types of coercion, systemic and interactional, and argue that a plausible theory of global justice should contain principles justifying both. The justification of interactional coercion requires principles regulating interstate interference; that of systemic coercion requires principles of global socioeconomic justice. I argue that the proposed view not only helps us make progress in the debate on global justice, but also offers an independently compelling and systematic account of the function and conditions of applicability of justice.
Dietary supplementation with hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate from waxy maize starch increases resting energy expenditure by lowering the postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response in human subjects
Authors: Shimotoyodome Akira , Suzuki Junko , Kameo Yoji , Hase Tadashi
Published: February 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate (HDP) supplementation on postprandial energy metabolism and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in human subjects. A total of ten healthy male subjects, with a mean BMI of 23·6 (sem 1·3) kg/m2, age 35·2 (sem 1·9) years and body weight 71·1 (sem 4·0) kg, participated in a randomised, cross-over, intervention study with two different test meals (1673·6 kJ) containing either waxy maize starch or HDP from waxy maize starch (degree of substitution 0·154, P content 0·004 %). Resting energy expenditure (REE) and blood concentrations of various biomarkers were measured at fasting and up to 180 min postprandially. Indirect calorimetry showed that the HDP meal caused higher REE (P < 0·05) and fat utilisation (P < 0·001) than the waxy maize starch meal. The HDP meal led to significantly lower postprandial glucose (P < 0·05), insulin (P < 0·05) and GIP (P < 0·05) responses than the waxy maize starch meal. Both postprandial REE (R − 0·576, P < 0·01) and fat utilisation (R − 0·514, P < 0·05) were negatively correlated with the postprandial GIP response, but not with the glucose and insulin responses. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with HDP lowers postprandial GIP and increases postprandial REE and fat utilisation in healthy humans. An HDP-rich diet may therefore have beneficial implications in weight management. Further studies are required to confirm the efficacy in overweight or obese subjects, and to determine the precise mechanisms.