bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of assessing the value of agricultural land in the region based on its economic potential
Authors: Tyutyunikov A , Pashuta A , Zakshevskaya T
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a study of the possibilities of using statistical indicators of the functioning of the agricultural sector of the region’s economy to estimate the value of agricultural land resources. The emerging market of agricultural land in the Russian Federation is characterized by a small number of annual transactions; therefore, the assessment of the value of land at the territorial and regional level based on the mechanisms of supply and demand is extremely difficult. To substantiate the tax base of land tax and (in some cases) the rent amount, the cadastral value of land plots is used, which is determined by the results of the state cadastral valuation of agricultural land. The methodology for cadastral valuation is debatable, since it does not provide for surveys of specific land plots; at the same time, it relies on indicators of soil quality. Therefore, its results may not be relevant, because they do not take into account important elements of economic fertility. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodological approach for estimating the value of land, which makes it possible to reflect the real economic potential of agricultural land in the region. This approach is based on the method of direct capitalization of the specific conditional net income calculated on the basis of statistical reports of agricultural producers. The methodology was tested on data from the Voronezh region, as a result of which the authors’ differentiation of municipal districts was formed according to the estimated value of agricultural land. According to the results of a comparative analysis, it is recommended to consider the issue of the advisability of changing the current methodology for assessing the value of agricultural land.
Import substitution trends in agriculture of the Russian regions
Authors: Schepina I , Gogoleva T , Charykova O
Published: June 2019

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the importance of the agricultural industry for the development of the Russian economy and the need to determine the results of state support for modernization and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex. Since at the present stage government regulation includes protectionist policy instruments leading to import substitution in the industry, it is also relevant to study its influence in the context of the overall strategy for the development of agriculture. The problem solved in this research is in determining the trends of import substitution in agriculture in various regions of Russia. In determining sectoral peculiarities, priority is not given to the climatic or socio-economic conditions of the regions (as opposed to traditional, existing approaches) but to changes in the volume and structure of agricultural production, the ratio of export and import of industry products, changes in the volume of investment, etc., which is interpreted as the results of the state policy aimed at the development of the agro-industrial complex. When solving the tasks, we used the import load coefficients and import priority for the country as a whole, the analyzed regions’ clustering, which allowed us to identify typological groups depending on the degree and direction of development of the agricultural industry and the impact of government regulation on it. Such an analysis is based on the conclusions that the agro-industrial complex in Russia is a complex industry characterized by external economies of scale with a dynamically increasing profitability, and its sub-sectors are developing according to the “catch-up growth” scenario, the success of which is largely determined by an adequate strategy and instruments of government regulation. The proposed toolkit in the study can be used as part of monitoring the assessment of the effectiveness of the state strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex.
Regional meat market: a specific structure and development priorities
Authors: Salnikova E , Popova E , Zakshevskaya E
Published: June 2019

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to meet the needs of the population in meat products, the formation of a reliable balanced source of raw materials, and the implementation of import substitution policies. The purpose of this scientific work is to assess the modern functioning of the meat market in the Voronezh region and to justify the priority directions for the further development of its main segments. The study used the methods of portfolio and economic-statistical analysis, as well as theoretical and practical research results of the authors. The study noted an increase in the market supply due to an increase in regional meat production (with a decrease in imports, including imports of meat and meat products). Also it found an increase in export volumes, including exports of meat products, which was a result of excess production indicators recommended by the norms of rational consumption of meat products (to some extent). The results of the portfolio analysis indicate a growing market for pork and poultry meat, high rates of growth in the markets for beef, lamb, and goat meat. The effective functioning of the meat market in the Voronezh region is facilitated by the clustering process currently underway, which ensures the use of modern high-performance technologies and enhances the efficiency and competitiveness of the regional agro-industrial complex.
Peculiarities of cultivation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) in the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation (prospects of selection work and agricultural technology)
Authors: Startseva L , Startsev S , Startsev V
Published: June 2019

Broccoli cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. Botrytis (L.) Alef. Var. Cymosa Duch) was already known in culture more than 2 thousand years ago. Broccoli is still less common in Russia. The research and evaluation of experimental results demonstrates broccoli is a very promising crop, both for scientific research and for commodity production. Simply, its potential is still not fully disclosed, both by agricultural producers and the scientific community in the Russian Federation. This is evidenced by the ever-growing number of foreign hybrids of F1 broccoli in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in 2018. At the same time, the research results reflected in the article can be equally useful for representatives of the agro-industrial complex and agricultural science.
The need to develop a national scheme of agricultural production in the context of its development in the EAEU
Authors: Altukhov A , Silaeva L , Alekseev S
Published: June 2019

One of the main directions in the development of the agricultural sector of the EAEU member states is the rational placement and deepening of the specialization of the production of certain types of agricultural products in each of them, taking into account the spatial development of their aggregate agricultural potential. The greatest effect is possible in the case when each country of the Union focuses on increasing the production and export of those types of food products and agricultural raw materials which are most effective in local conditions. To this end, it is necessary to develop national schemes for the territorial-sectoral division of labor in the agro-industrial production, taking into account the natural and economic features of each EEU member state, as well as a general scheme for the spatial development of their agricultural sector of the economy. This will improve the basic parameters in the development of the agrarian economy of the EAEU countries through the rational use of their combined huge agricultural and bioclimatic potentials. The paper also advocates in favor of creating the specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products and expanding mutual and foreign trade in food products and agricultural raw materials.
Economic efficiency of the integrated formations functioning in the regional agriculture
Authors: Vorobyov S , Trotskovsky A , Vorobyova V
Published: June 2019

The study was conducted to determine the financial sustainability, profitability of activities, efficiency of using fixed assets, land, labor, independently managing agricultural enterprises and organizations that are part of agricultural holdings. The stages of creation and transformation of integrated formations are highlighted in the papers. The authors describe the experience of the functioning of agricultural holdings in the Altai region, which is one of the main agro-industrial regions of Russia. The prevalence of integrated formations of organizations of the agro-industrial complex, state, and municipal administration in the structure of head companies was revealed. Based on the annual financial statements of more than 750 agricultural organizations in the region, a number of financial and economic indicators were calculated. It was revealed that self-managing entities were characterized by higher efficiency in the use of labor, fixed assets, agricultural land and financial stability, having a more diversified industry sector than the agricultural holdings did. Similar results contradict the management practices of most regions of Russia, in which the membership of agricultural organizations to agricultural holdings leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of resource use and financial condition.
The impact of structural changes on the profitability of agricultural organizations in the region
Authors: Vorobyova V , Vorobyov S , Chernykh A
Published: June 2019

Studies were conducted to determine the influence of structural factors on the profitability of agricultural production. The main hypothesis: the structural shifts of the sectoral structure are associated with changes in conditions in the market for agricultural products, raw materials and food, the system of state regulation of agricultural production, as well as relations between partners in the agro-industrial complex. It was revealed that the largest amplitude of structural fluctuations per unit specific weight of products was observed for sheep, beet, beekeeping, and pig breeding products. The decline in production in sheep breeding is associated with the elimination of unprofitable activities in the pig industry, mainly with the bankruptcy of the loaned pig farms. The influence of structural and quality indicators on the profitability of agricultural enterprises in the region as a whole and its natural-economic zones is shown. Given the number of industries, the standardized weighted profitability ratio is higher in municipalities with a high concentration of crops of grain crops, sunflower, sugar beet, and it is below with a concentration of milk production. The directions of the formation of the mechanism of balanced (proportional) development of agriculture are generalized, connected with the need to improve state regulation of the development of agriculture and the mechanism of producers’ adaptation to changes in external conditions.
Competitiveness of agri-food products of Russia in current conditions
Authors: Maslova V , Chekalin V , Avdeev M
Published: June 2019

Import substitution has become an important element of economic policies in the Russian Federation. Agriculture is one of the main sectors of the Russian economy, demonstrating significant results of import substitution. Therefore, it seems appropriate to analyze what growth rates of agricultural products have been achieved in terms of import substitution, whether manufactured products are competitive, what is the potential for further import substitution, due to which it is possible to ensure sustainable development of the industry in the long term. As a result of the research, it was established that despite the negative macroeconomic conditions formed after 2014, import substitution made it possible to achieve positive results in the development of the agro-industrial complex. The duration of the import substitution process is different for individual types of agricultural products and depends on a number of factors, both economic and technological. Competitiveness of domestic products in 2013-2016 increased significantly. The main factors for improving competitiveness were the favorable market conditions and the depreciation of the national currency. As the share of domestic products in the general market resources increases and / or the Russian ruble strengthens, growth opportunities in the agricultural sector of the economy will weaken due to import substitution, which requires searching for new development factors.
“Big data” and the “Internet of things”, or what accelerates the development of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Koptilina D , Bulgakov A , Aleshina A
Published: June 2019

The development of agriculture plays a significant role in the economy of each country. The entire agro-industrial complex not only shows the standard of living of the population, but it also forms the financial, resource potential of a particular region. Therefore, the study of different ways to improve the efficiency of management is important. The article is devoted to the analysis and understanding of various manifestations of business intelligence in the agricultural sector, which contribute to the development of this industry, making all the processes taking place in it more productive. Particular attention is paid to the development of new technological devices, which clearly demonstrates the importance of using business intelligence to optimize the functioning of all industries of the national economy. It is shown that innovations regarding information processing methods penetrate all levels of the agro-industrial sector, becoming the object of large investments.
Efficiency of potato production: analysis of variation and differentiation of regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Osipov V , Zhevora S , Yanushkina N
Published: June 2019

The article makes an attempt to research the statistical dependencies characterizing the potato production efficiency in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Solutions to food security problems are revealed through the achievement of threshold values for the production and self-sufficiency of individual products. So, for the production of potatoes, the threshold value of food security is set at 95%. Achieving threshold values is extremely important for achieving food security, but it is equally important to assess the role of Russian regions in the production of potatoes, as well as to assess the efficiency of production in agricultural organizations, private household plots, and farms. The conducted economic and statistical analysis shows that the average yield for agricultural organizations is higher than for personal subsidiary farms by 1.5 times. Comparison with farms is also not in favor of the latter. Agricultural organizations have the opportunity to observe the technology of potato cultivation, buy new varieties, high-yielding and resistant to pests, apply fertilizers. Small farms are unable to meet the requirements of technology due to their scale, which affects the degeneration of the genetic line and the fall in yield.
The model of governance of food security and agro-industrial complex of Russia in conditions of globalization
Authors: Filobokova L
Published: June 2019

A feature of the current stage of development of national economy is the overcoming of national borders and the formation of the world economic system, which is accompanied not only by positive effects but also identified the problem of food security. The author believes that food security should be considered as a global problem requiring management approaches adapted to the existing challenges. The effectiveness of control measures is achieved primarily by scientific understanding and understanding of the processes taking place with the development of basic management models, as an alternative of which the author proposes to consider the model of investment and innovation balanced interaction. This article is devoted to the substantiation of the essence, interrelations of the category “food security”, approaches to the strategic management of food supply in connection with the quality of life of the population.
Improving the efficiency of agro-industrial complex management based on digitalization and system approach
Authors: Khudyakova E V , Gorbachev M S , Nifontova E A
Published: June 2019

The article examines theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the term “digitalization”, substantiates the relevance of digitization of agriculture and digitalization of industry management at the federal and regional levels, describes the possibilities and prospects of the Systems of State Information Support in the Field of Agriculture (SSIS A) created by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, outlines its goals creation, describes the architecture of the individual components of the System, its main functions, as well as the place of the SSIS A in the provision on their base of states of agricultural services in the Russian Federation.
Efficiency of breeding work in dairy cattle breeding
Authors: Shumeiko N
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of breeding work in dairy cattle breeding. The main indicators of efficiency in dairy cattle breeding are systematized, specific indicators for dairy cattle breeding are highlighted. Analysis of the dynamics of milk production showed the dependence of the development of the industry on government support measures, allowed to extract reserves for production growth. It was concluded that in terms of productivity per cow per year, the Sychevsk and brown Schwyz breeds are inferior to the Holstein breed, but the duration of use, the service period and the output of calves in Holstein breed are much lower. The lifetime productivity of these breeds was calculated. It is concluded that the genetic potential is not fully disclosed in any breed.
Assessing the efficiency of management and land use in the agrarian sector of municipalities
Authors: Tsypkin Yu , Feklistova I
Published: June 2019

Improving the methodology for assessing the efficiency of management and land use of the agricultural sector of municipalities as a determining factor in the development of rural areas plays an important role in solving the problem of effective functioning of the agricultural territorial complex. Scientifically based assessment allows to analyze the efficiency of management and land use of the agricultural sector by ensuring the comparability of the results. The fairness and scientific validity of the evaluation results are important. The authors substantiate the expediency of applying a new methodological approach to the assessment of the efficiency of management and the use of lands of municipalities in practical analytical activity. The authors of the article developed and tested the method of assessing the efficiency of management and land use of the agricultural sector of municipalities in the region. This technique is based on the calculation of the efficiency of management and land use. The calculations were performed using a specially developed package of applications and cluster analysis. The proposed methodology makes it possible to identify effectively developing municipal entities of the region and ensures the comparability of the calculated indicators. This expands the possibilities and makes it more statistically correct to use the coefficient for a fair assessment of the work of the agrarian sector of municipalities.
The development of social services in the transition to a diversified rural economy
Authors: Merenkova I , Kusmagambetova E , Novikova I
Published: June 2019

Diversified development of rural areas now depends on the state of the service sector and the quality of social services provided, which, on the one hand, are aimed at meeting the social needs of rural residents and improving the infrastructure provision of territories, and, on the other, they contribute to the creation of new jobs in the countryside, increasing incomes and improving the quality of life for villagers. The purpose of this scientific work is to justify the need to restructure the rural economy with a focus on the development of the social services sector. The study used general scientific methods and techniques of a systematic approach, deduction and induction, analogy, statistical analysis. The study shows the increasing role of the service sector in the rural economy and presents, on the basis of expert evaluation, the results of providing the rural population with social services in the main sectors: education, health, culture, sports, personal services, catering, and trade. To create comfortable living conditions in rural areas, opportunities for diversified development of the social services sector in the following areas have been identified: activities, products, and technologies. The implementation of the designated diversification areas affecting all branches of the service sector will expand the range of services provided and modernize the forms and methods used to serve the rural population.
Features of cooperation of the Russian Federation and African countries in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Ali Kamil M , Ragulina Yu , Bratarchuk T
Published: June 2019

The paper discusses topical issues in the field of agricultural cooperation between Russia and a number of countries in Africa. In particular, paper states that the current situation in the agro-industrial complex market can strengthen friendly relations with African countries, which is important in the conditions of tense relations between Russia and the West. A large number of African countries are members of the UN, and the Russian side can count on their support.
Counter-sanctions, milk production efficiency and scale: how are they interrelated?
Authors: Shchetinin A , Vorozheikina T , Shabunina V
Published: June 2019

The counter-sanctions imposed in 2014 by the Russian government have led to an artificial reduction in competition through the reduction of competitive pressure from foreign milk and dairy producers. Conditions of supply shortage led to a change in the behavior of milk producers both in terms of production volumes and the quality of the products. This paper describes changes of the Russian milk market on the example of the Moscow Region and the impact on this change of counter-sanctions, market conditions and scale of production.
The uniformity of a random process structure of plants transpiration
Authors: Grishin A P , Grishin A A , Grishin V A
Published: June 2019

It is noted that the process of transpiration in plants is characterized by randomness and determinism, which co-exist with the Random processes. Their properties are well described by methods of probability theory. Fractal structures having a total intra-group determinism and randomness is described by fractal analysis methods. The results of studies on fractal dimensions of seedling samples have similar values, indicating that homogeneity of the structure of the process of transpiration do not depend on the plant species. Selected deterministic component has a fractal dimension close to unity, which allows to ensure a high degree of determination of the obtained number. And close values of the variances of the centered random components of each process of the studied cultures refer to together with the same value, which is confirmed by a test of this hypothesis using the criterion Cochran. It is shown that the regularity of the homogeneity of the structure of a random process of transpiration for all studied plants allows to simplify the set of hardware requirements transpiration irrigation.
Creating functional foodstuffs from high-technological larval raw materials
Authors: Prokhoda I A , Eliseeva E V , Katunina N P , Stratienko E N , Kukhareva O V , Tseeva F N
Published: June 2019

The possibility of using the apiproducts of the larval origin from the drone larvae in the production of functional foodstuff, such as bakery, confectionery and honey products enriched with high-grade protein, biologically active high-functional substances and complexes that gave them therapeutic and prophylactic, and immune-modulating properties is substantiated in the paper. The recipes for the functional foodstuffs, such as the “Bilar-api” bread, “Pchelka” api-dragee, “Bilar” api-honney, “Bilar” api-honney with bee glue (propolis), enriched with apiproduct from the drone larvae have been developed. To impart an immune-modulating and functional effect to the products, the “Bilar” api-product with a high content of SH-groups, decenoic acids, vitamins, as well as flower pollen, honey, and bee glue in the form of a water-alcohol extract have been used. Preference for these substances has been given because phenolic compounds with P-vitamin activity, unsaturated compounds of isoprene nature, have antioxidant, and fungicidal impacts. They are manifested in their ability to protect the body from the destructive effect of various damaging factors (ionizing radiation, free oxidation radicals, reactive oxygen species, etc.). The “Bilar” powder has a major content of high-grade protein (50-51%), which contains all essential amino acids, and on lysine, tryptophan and histidine exceeds the level of ideal protein on the FAO/WHO scale by almost two times, on the fatty acid composition practically corresponds to the formula of balanced nutrition, vitamins, and decenoic acids (7.9%), as well as sulfhydryl compounds (1160.1 mg/%). Decenoic acid has pronounced antibiotic properties and antitumor effect, exerting an inhibitory effect on the malignant tumors. New functional food products were manufactured on the basis of traditional production technologies using sparing technological regimes and with utilization of apiproducts (the “Bilar” powder, pollen, etc.). Based on the results of the comprehensive study, the increase in the quality and quantity indicators of functional foodstuffs in comparison with control, the increase in biological and nutritional value, as well as improved organoleptic and physics and chemical parameters have been established.
The surface-active properties of waste processing of tin ore raw materials
Authors: Rastanina N K , Yargaeva V A , Yankovets Zh N
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of a study of the surface-active properties of tin ore wastes due to their impact on the environment and public health. The object of the study is the ore dressing waste from the closed mining enterprise “Solnechny GOK” of the Khabarovsk region of the Far Eastern Federal District. Sodium oxalate, Trilon B, methylene blue, sodium humate were used as sorbates. Methods of establishing the fact of interaction of waste with sorbates focused on the discoloration of colored complexing agents in the presence of waste. The use of titrimetric methods allowed us to establish the number of reaction centers of waste. To determine the nature of the active centers of the waste, foam quenching formed by anionic and non-ionic surfactants was applied. The effect of the molar mass and the structure of sorbates on the nature of their interaction with the surface of the waste is shown. Low molecular weight sorbates promote the formation of soluble complexes of heavy metal compounds and contamination of groundwater. High molecular polydentate complexing agents form surface films. The revealed physicochemical properties will make it possible to predict an increase in the probability of contamination of groundwater with low molecular weight organic complexing agents, as well as the probability of a better fixation of soil on waste in the presence of high molecular weight organic substances of the soil absorption complex.
Environmental education for sustainable development: Perspectives from Russia
Authors: Arinushkina A A
Published: June 2019

The paper is devoted to the issue of developing environmental education in Russia with the purpose of ensuring sustainable development of social and natural environments. In particular, the papers focuses on the place of environmental education in the educational system of Russia, discusses main provisions of the federal state educational standards, very briefly reviews the key challenges to environmental education in Russia in the context of sustainable development, and analyses possible application of environmental education, for instance in education of children with limited health opportunities.
Ecological and economic groups of the environmental monitoring system
Authors: Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N , Vinogradova N A
Published: June 2019

Improving the efficiency of environmental protection enterprises is the main task of the environmental policy of the Russian Federation until 2030 [1]. The possibility of improving the efficiency of enterprises spending funds on environmental protection measures is considered in the article due to the study and justification of environmental-economic groups as an objective response of the environmental management system to the modern economic model. It is shown that carrying out environmental protection measures, environmental monitoring of the state of the territorial technosphere, and identifying sources of environmental impact during the monitoring phase reduces the cost of environmental-economic groups and increases the effectiveness of environmental protection measures. The formation of environmental and economic groups allows one to select appropriate environmental measures for various environmental factors of the enterprise, provides a transition to a modern system of environmental management, and contributes to the informatization of environmental management.
Globalizing culture in transboundary space
Authors: Fomina M N , Borisenko O A
Published: June 2019

This article is a philosophical reflection on the problem of transculturally, which in recent years has been raised in scientific publications in connection with the understanding of the role of culture, the dialogue of cultures in the emerging globalization space. The authors note that the comprehension of globalization processes increasingly raises the problem of transculturally, which they consider as a consequence of the development of the system “intercultural interaction - the dialogue of cultures - a political dialogue.” Dialogue contributed to the fact that transculturally, towering above state borders, forms its new space. But what is this space? The article analyzes the phenomenon of transcultural space, which, according to the authors, is formed in the context of globalization. The phenomenon of transculturally, differing from intercultural interaction and dialogue of cultures, in the context of cultural globalization is realized through such universals as: transcultural, transculturation, transcultural process; transcultural interaction; transcultural space. If the transcultural process is a phenomenon of globalization, transculturation promotes cultural identification; the transcultural process assures the perception of value regulators of global culture. In turn, authors argue that the transcultural space is an ambivalent formation in which the dialogue of cultures develops into a political dialogue; it is also an ambivalent phenomenon that indicates the intersection of intro- and extra-culture, because culture already acts as a transcultural phenomenon. The realization of transcultural in the context of transcultural space is represented as the sphere of existence of three types of cultures: intra-culture, extra-culture, and bilingual culture. If intra-culture and extra-culture reveal themselves in the context of cultural dialogue, then, as the authors suggest, bilingual culture is a reflection of political, economic, cultural, social processes and phenomena. Thus, the transcultural space, emerging from the present, forms new realities for reflection in the future. This is especially important when analyzing the globalization and regionalization of social processes (including economic trade, agricultural and food markets, transfer of technologies, etc.).
Energy loss spectrum and surface modes of two-dimensional black phosphorus
Authors: Xu Peng , Zheng Dingguo , Zhu Chunhui , Zhang Ming , Tian Huanfang , Yang Huaixin , Li Jianqi
Published: June 2019

The structural features and the electron energy loss spectrum of black phosphorus (BP) have been experimentally analyzed and they are discussed based on a theoretical calculation. The low-energy loss spectra of typical samples reveal that the emerging high-mobility two-dimensional material BP often exhibits both bulk and surface plasmon modes. The surface modes of BP are strongly thickness dependent. Electrodynamic analysis indicates that the Fuchs–Kliewer-like surface plasmon modes consist of two branches with different charge symmetry: the upper side and lower side have the same charge polarity as the lower branch and the opposite charge polarity to the upper branch. This study provides fundamental insight into the characteristic nature of BP plasmonics.
Relationship Between Dynamic Changes in Body Weight and Blood Pressure: The ESTEBAN Survey
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Perrine Anne-Laure , Deschamps Valérie , Blacher Jacques , Olié Valérie
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Obesity is one of the main determinants of blood pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the relations between the different anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP) stratified by gender.

METHODS

Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from 2,105 adults from the ESTEBAN survey, a representative sample of the French population. Partial Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between BP and anthropometric indices. Regressions were adjusted on age, antihypertensive therapies, socioeconomic levels, dietary intakes, and cardiovascular risk factors. A weight variation index, as adjusted weight variation/year, was calculated as (weight maximum − weight minimum) / (age of weight max − age of weight min). This index was adjusted on the BMI reported during the inclusion and time elapsed since weight variation from the moment of inclusion.

RESULTS

In the Esteban population stratified by gender, this weight index had the highest r-value of correlation with all BP parameters compared with all anthropometric indices (WC, WHR, WHtR) in both genders. In men, weight variation more than +1 kg/year is associated with 5.5 mm Hg increase in systolic BP and with 1.8 mm Hg increase in diastolic BP. In women, more than +1 kg/year is associated with 3.3 mm Hg increase in systolic BP and with 1.0 mm Hg increase in diastolic BP.

CONCLUSION

A dynamic view of body weight change appears more predictive in BP change than a static view expressed by BMI. Public health initiatives to maintain a youthful body weight during life course are majors to prevent hypertension.

REGISTRATION

The study was registered in the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (no. 2012-A00456-34) and was approved by the Advisory Committee for Protection of Persons in Biomedical Research.
Contesting Contested Multilateralism: Why the West Joined the Rest in Founding the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Authors: Knoerich Jan , Urdinez Francisco
Published: June 2019

This study examines why a large number of Western advanced economies joined the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in 2015 despite the bank’s purported challenge to the Western-centred international order in the area of multilateral development finance. Through a mixed-method examination involving elite interviews, analyses of government pronouncements and regressions, and by drawing on concepts from rational choice theory, international policy diffusion, and rational design of international institutions, this study finds that the AIIB’s success with regard to its large membership is due to China’s effective creation of a demand for the organization among Western advanced economies. We argue that policymakers in Western countries enjoyed ‘induced agency’, which China granted them in the process of creating the organization and deciding about its membership. First, Western advanced economies had agency because their involvement was needed to prevent the AIIB from becoming a homogenous small organization consisting of Asian debtor countries in favour of a global organization with a heterogeneous group of both debtor and creditor country members. The AIIB was thus set up to accommodate the specific economic and political goals of Western advanced economies. Secondly, Western advanced economies experienced agency in the process of deciding about their membership in the bank because China proactively courted them to join the AIIB. China moreover endorsed the spontaneous intensification of communications that ensued among Western advanced economies with regard to joining the AIIB. Both efforts ultimately resulted in diffusion among them of the decision to become members. Thirdly, the Western advanced economies were granted agency in the process of determining the AIIB’s organizational design, thus allowing them to converge the initially diverse visions for the institutional design of the bank and shift it from contesting the existing system of multilateral development banks to effectively integrating into it. Our study thus advances a theory of country-specific demand for membership in an international organization.
Occluded mammary graft post-coronary bypass surgery: do we need to look for the second one? A case report
Authors: Yalonetsky Sergey , Roguin Ariel , Gross Gil , Beyar Rafael
Published: June 2019

Background

Anatomic variations of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) can influence coronary artery bypass surgical technique as well as posing definite difficulties in the interpretation of angiographic findings. We present an unusual anatomic variant of two LIMAs originating from the left subclavian artery discovered post-coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Case summary

A 60-year-old man post-LIMA grafting of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Selective angiography revealed occluded LIMA; therefore, it was decided to proceed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to the occluded native LAD. Once antegrade flow in the LAD was restored, retrograde filling of a vessel corresponding to the previously grafted LIMA was also detected. Additional contrast injection in the left subclavian artery (LSCA) showed a second patent LIMA originating from the distal segment of the LSCA.

Discussion

This patient has an unusual anatomic variant of two LIMAs originating from the LCSA. The proximal rudimentary LIMA was misinterpreted as an occluded arterial graft while the second, well-developed LIMA connected to the LAD had an unusually distal origin and had therefore been overlooked. This anatomical variant should be kept in mind when the internal mammary graft seems to be occluded.
Metagenomic analysis of bacterial community composition in Dhanaan: Ethiopian traditional fermented camel milk
Authors: Berhe Tesfemariam , Ipsen Richard , Seifu Eyassu , Kurtu Mohamed Y , Fugl Angelina , Hansen Egon Bech
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and bacterial profile of Dhanaan (Ethiopian traditional fermented camel milk). The composition of the microbial community in Dhanaan samples was analysed by a metagenomic approach of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic profiling identified 87 different bacterial microorganisms (OTUs) in six samples analysed. Although the Dhanaan samples contained various lactic acid bacteria (LAB), they also all contained undesirable microorganisms in large proportions. The following LAB genera were identified: Streptococcus, Lactococcus and Weissella. One Streptococcus species represented by OTU-1 (operational taxonomic unit) was found in all Dhanaan samples and the dominating species in four out of six samples. This common isolate was found to be closely related to S. lutetiensis and S. infantarius. Undesirable microorganisms from genera such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and Clostridium were, however, also frequent, or even dominant in Dhanaan samples. Thus, this calls for a change in the Dahnaan manufacturing practice to an improved and safer production system. Starter cultures suitable for Dhanaan production might be developed from the Streptococcus, Weissella and Lactococcus microorganisms identified in this study. However, further safety evaluation and technological characterization need to be conducted on strains defined by OTU-1, OTU-2, OTU-3, OTU-8 and OTU-35 before they can be used as food grade starter cultures.
AF demagnetization and ARM acquisition at elevated temperatures in natural titanomagnetite bearing rocks
Authors: Volk Michael W R , Eitel Michael , Jackson Mike
Published: June 2019

Understanding the temporal changes of the Earth’s magnetic field intensity is one of the main goals of modern palaeomagnetism. For most palaeointensity methods to yield reliable results, the magnetic minerals must obey a set of rules. One of these rules is the additivity of partial thermal (TRM) or anhysteretic remanent magnetizations (ARM). Additivity was previously shown for partial TRM in single-domain particles and more generally for ARMs. Additivity between these two low-field remanences, however, has not been investigated, yet. This paper presents a series of rock magnetic experiments on natural low Ti titanomagnetites (Curie temperature between 534 °C and 561 °C) examining the effects of high temperatures on alternating field (AF) demagnetization and acquisition of an ARM. One of our sample sets comes from a borehole drilled through the impact melt sheet of the Manicouagan crater (Canada), the other from the Rocche Rosse lava flow on the island of Lipari (Italy). Hysteresis parameters indicate the magnetic carriers in the pseudo-single-domain range showing no evidence for oxidation. Thermal demagnetization at 300 °C and 500 °C before AF demagnetization shifts the coercivity spectra towards higher fields. AF demagnetization experiments at 500 °C show a significant (by a factor between 1.4 and >7.6) reduction in median destructive field and a shift towards lower coercivities. A linear relationship was found between the peak magnetic field required to demagnetize a fraction of a full TRM of a sample at a specific temperature and the one necessary to demagnetize the same fraction at room temperature after heating to that temperature. The comparison of full ARM and partial TRM at successively higher temperatures with a hybrid hTARM reveals that combined additivity between the two kinds of remanences is fulfilled. These results open the possibility to demagnetize highly coercive minerals, such as hematite and goethite, which is often not achievable at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the additivity of TRM and ARM remanences may be used to develop novel hybrid TRM/ARM palaeointensity methods for samples, where heating is problematic (e.g. in meteorites).
Do Coral Reefs Promote Morphological Diversification? Exploration of Habitat Effects on Labrid Pharyngeal Jaw Evolution in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Evans Kory M , Williams Keiffer L , Westneat Mark W
Published: June 2019

Coral reefs are complex marine habitats that have been hypothesized to facilitate functional specialization and increased rates of functional and morphological evolution. Wrasses (Labridae: Percomorpha) in particular, have diversified extensively in these coral reef environments and have evolved adaptations to further exploit reef-specific resources. Prior studies have found that reef-dwelling wrasses exhibit higher rates of functional evolution, leading to higher functional variation than in non-reef dwelling wrasses. Here, we examine this hypothesis in the lower pharyngeal tooth plate of 134 species of reef and non-reef-associated labrid fishes using high-resolution morphological data in the form of micro-computed tomography scans and employing three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to quantify shape differences. We find that reef-dwelling wrasses do not differ from non-reef-associated wrasses in morphological disparity or rates of shape evolution. However, we find that some reef-associated species (e.g., parrotfishes and tubelips) exhibit elevated rates of pharyngeal jaw shape evolution and have colonized unique regions of morphospace. These results suggest that while coral reef association may provide the opportunity for specialization and morphological diversification, species must still be able to capitalize on the ecological opportunities to invade novel niche space, and that these novel invasions may prompt rapid rates of morphological evolution in the associated traits that allow them to capitalize on new resources.
Identification of resilient sows in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus–infected farms1
Authors: Abella Glòria , Novell Elena , Tarancon Vicenç , Varona Luis , Pena Ramona N , Estany Joan , Fraile Lorenzo
Published: June 2019

The identification of resilient sows can improve reproductive performance in farms exposed to multiple challenges. A common challenge is the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). A key issue to deal with disease resilience is to set up a feasible phenotyping strategy. Our aim was to develop a phenotyping criterion to discriminate susceptible from resilient sows in PRRSV-infected farms. A total of 517 Landrace x Large White gilts were classified as resilient (R) or susceptible (S) to PRRSV virus, following vaccination with MLV-PRRSV at 6 to 7 wk of age, in a PRRSV negative multiplication farm. Female piglets were phenotyped as R if their serum was negative to PRRSV at 7 and 21 d postvaccination (DPV) or as S if their serum was positive at 7 and/or 21 DPV. Amongst them, 382 gilts were transferred to a PRRSV-positive production farm, where the number of piglets born alive (NBA), stillborn (NSB), mummified (NMU), lost (NLP = NSB + NMU), and total born (NTB = NBA + NLP) were recorded for almost 3 yr. Data were collected during 2 periods according to the PRRSV farm health status, which were confirmed as either PRRSV-positive stable (endemic) or inestable (epidemic). Analyses were carried out under a Bayesian approach. The heritability for the resilience criterion was estimated using a threshold model. A linear (for NTB and NBA) and a binomial model (for NSB, NMU, and NLP) on the resilience criterion by the farm health status were used to assess the difference between R and S sows. The heritability of the resilience criterion was 0.46 (SD 0.06). The probability of a piglet being lost was greater (≥0.97) in S than in R litters, regardless of whether the delivery occurred during a PRRSV outbreak (20.5% vs. 17.0%) or not (15.8% vs. 13.7%). The lower piglet mortality rate in R sows was due to NSB, in the endemic phase (13.0% vs. 15.0% of NTB, with a posterior probability of 98% of S sows showing higher NSB than R sows), and to NMU, in the epidemic phase (4.0% vs. 8.4% of NTB, with a posterior probability of >99% of S sows showing higher NMU than R sows). During a PRRSV outbreak, the S sows were twice as likely to give birth to a mummified piglet when compared with R sows. These findings provide evidence that the described phenotyping scheme has a potential use as a PRRSV resilience criterion.