bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change of the Higher Education Paradigm in the Context of Digital Transformation: from Resource Management to Access Control
Authors: Gafurov Ilshat Rafkatovich , Safiullin Marat Rashitovich , Akhmetshin Elvir Munirovich , Gapsalamov Almaz Rafisovich , Vasilev Vladimir Lvovich
Published: March 2020

Digitalization and transition to a new technological structure bring humanity to another level of development. The changing technological structures, industry and society progress, enhance the importance of improving the university development model. The existing management system and infrastructure in universities are often outdated and unable to ensure their competitive and adequate functioning. Hence, the need to improve the processes of using the university infrastructure through digital technology. The composition and range of the resources should also be reviewed and supplemented with new components.The purpose of this work is to reveal the principles and requirements for improving the university infrastructure using digital technology.The methodology is based on modeling the university management system, with the concept of infrastructure logic as a core, meant to include new elements in the university management infrastructure: university stakeholders, cultural values, investments and translation.The management model transformation implies a transition from structural to infrastructural approach, from infrastructure management to managing the infrastructure logic. The digital network platform incorporating the information on all the infrastructure facilities, their status, will provide effective user access management to each university resource.The recommendations formulated to improve the university infrastructure using digital technology will make higher education more effective.
Students’ Writing Difficulties in English for Business Classes in Dhofar University, Oman
Authors: Uba Sani Yantandu , Souidi Nizar Mohammed
Published: March 2020

This study investigates students’ writing difficulties of English for business classes and the possible factors that might cause such difficulties. A corpus of forty essays of forty undergraduates was compiled. We adopted a textography approach to study writing practices. The results of the textual analysis informed an administration of questionnaire to both the students and four faculty members. The results of the corpus analysis indicate that students had a lot of errors in spelling, grammar, and many of them were unable to write thesis statement, as well as topic sentences. Some students also had problems in developing coherent essays. The contextual data suggests that about 90 per cent of the respondent did not know what thesis statement is. It also shows that the majority of students had problems in generating and organising ideas and nineteen out of twenty-one respondents also had a limited wide range of vocabulary. The course syllable did not allocate more than four hours for teaching essay writing throughout the semester. We strongly recommend more contact hours for teaching essay writing. Teachers could engage students in critical thinking activities, including how to generate and organise ideas. Teachers should be teaching more academic vocabulary to students.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Corporate Value: Research in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hung Dang Ngoc
Published: March 2020

The paper examines the impact of corporate governance (CG) on firm value (FV) of enterprises in Vietnam. We consider the GC issue from the individual aspects of each member of the Board of Directors (BOD). The research uses GLS regression model, data collected at energy enterprises listed on the stock market in Vietnam during the period 2008 - 2018, with 2937 observations. The research results have found that the size of the BOD has a direct impact on FV, while it is interesting that the Board of Directors' independence has a direct impact on FV when measured by market value, but is in an inverse relation with FV if measured at book value. In addition, BOD chairperson cum CEO has an inverse impact on FV and female BOD members do not have an impact on FV. Further, the research results also prove that an enterprise’s size is directly related with its value, whereas financial leverage is inversely related with the enterprise’s value. Empirical research results serve as a useful basis for enterprises to increase their value, thus enabling the consideration of factors of the board of director at each enterprise.
Mortality and Morbidity of Surgical Management of Geriatric Ankle Fractures
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Goodman Avi D. , Kleiner Justin , Walsh Devin F. , Kosinski Lindsay R. , Hsu Raymond
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

The incidence of geriatric ankle fractures is rising. With the substantial variation in the physiologic and functional status within this age group, our null hypothesis was that mortality and complications of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) between patients who are aged 65 to 79 are equivalent to ORIF in patients who are aged 80 to 89.

Methods:

Patients with ankle fracture were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Patients treated with ORIF were identified using the Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patients were divided into two age cohorts: 65 to 79 years of age and 80 to 89 years of age. The primary outcome studied was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission, revision surgery, surgical site infection, sepsis, wound dehiscence, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, blood transfusion, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, stroke, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency or failure, and length of hospital stay.

Results:

Our cohort included 2,353 ankle fractures: 1,877 were among 65 to 79 years of age and 476 were among 80 or older. Thirty-day mortality was 3.2-fold higher in the 80 to 89 years of age group compared with the 65 to 79 years of age group (1.47% versus 0.48%, P = 0.019). However, after controlling for the ASA class, 80 to 89 years of age patients no longer had a significantly higher mortality (P = 0.0647). Similarly, revision surgery rate (3.36% versus 1.81%, P = 0.036), transfusion requirement (2.94% versus 1.49%, P = 0.033), urinary tract infection (1.89% versus 0.75%, P = 0.023), and hospital length of stay (4.9 versus 2.9 days, P < 0.0001) were all significantly higher in the 80 to 90 years of age group compared with the 65 to 79 years old group. However, after controlling for the ASA class, 80 to 89 years old patients no longer had a rate of complications in comparison to the 65 to 79 years old age group.

Discussion:

After controlling for comorbidities (ie, the ASA class), no increased risk is observed for the 30-day mortality or complication rate between geriatric ankle fracture in the 65 to 79 years old and the 80 to 99 years old age groups.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic level III, retrospective study.
Development and Validation of the Hospital for Special Surgery Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Preoperative Expectations Survey
Authors: Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Mehta Nabil , Fabricant Peter D. , Zhang David T. , Nguyen Joseph , Williams Riley J. , Allen Answorth A. , Nwachukwu Benedict U.
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Understanding and meeting the patients' preoperative expectations for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is critical for achieving successful patient-centered outcomes. There is currently no standardized method to assess preoperative expectations of ACLR based on the patient-derived methods. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a patient-derived patient expectations survey specific to primary ACLR. We hypothesized that a valid and reliable patient-derived survey could be developed to measure these expectations and that patients would have diverse expectations before surgery.

Methods:

The Hospital for Special Surgery ACL-expectation score was developed through a four-phase iterative process that included item generation and pilot survey development, item reduction, survey readability, and survey validation. Seventy-two patients were involved in the development phase, and 80 patients were included in the validation phase. Discriminant validity testing was performed regarding age and sex. Cronbach alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of responses in the survey.

Results:

The final survey instrument consisted of 10 questions scored on a visual analog scale from 1 to 10, for a maximum score of 50 points. No statistically significant differences were observed in the score between men and women (P = 0.517) nor between age quartiles (P = 0.807). No statistically significant difference was observed in the scores when each sex was stratified by age quartile (P = 0.275 for men, P = 0.878 for women). Cronbach alpha for all items was 0.745, indicating excellent internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.774, indicating a strong correlation.

Conclusion:

The Hospital for Special Surgery ACL-expectations score is a patient-derived, tested and reliable preoperative expectations measure with excellent psychometrics for active adults undergoing ACLR. We suggest future clinical studies in ACLR to incorporate this tool as a preoperative measure of patient expectations.
Thirty-day Outcomes After Surgery for Metastatic Bone Disease of the Extremities
Authors: Gallaway Kathryn E. , Ahn Junho , Callan Alexandra K.
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Metastatic bone disease of the extremities is a notable cause of morbidity and mortality. Surgical management is not curative; therefore, risks and benefits of surgery must be carefully considered. Previous studies of surgical outcomes are limited by small sample sizes because of the rare incidence of these procedures. In this study, we aim to describe the rates of complications and mortality in the first 30 days after surgical treatment of metastatic bone disease of the femur and humerus.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2016 was performed. Demographics, comorbidities, preoperative factors, surgical parameters, and postoperative complications were extracted. The cohort was also partitioned by surgical site and surgical modality.

Results:

One thousand one hundred fifty-four patients were identified, 13.1 percent of patients experienced one or more complications within 30 days of surgery. The most common complications were urinary tract infection (2.9%), deep vein thrombosis (2.5%), pneumonia (2.4%), pulmonary embolism (2.0%), and surgical site infections (1.9%). In addition, intraoperative or postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion occurred in 32.9% of cases. The rates of unplanned readmission and unplanned revision surgery were 12.7% and 4.1%, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.1%. Femur and arthroplasty cases were associated with a higher risk of bleeding requiring transfusion. Prophylactic stabilization was associated with a lower risk of unplanned revision surgery (P = 0.015) and a lower overall complication rate (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates a higher 30-day mortality rate than previously reported. In additon, prophylactic stabilization of impending pathologic fractures may be associated with a lower risk of complications and unplanned revision surgery. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program or other large database reports can help surgeons counsel patients appropriately regarding the risks and benefits of surgery.
Chopart Amputation: Questioning the Clinical Efficacy of a Long-standing Surgical Option for Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Brodell James D. , Ayers Brian C. , Baumhauer Judith F. , DiGiovanni Bennedict F. , Flemister A. Samuel , Ketz John P. , Oh Irvin
Published: March 2020

Background:

Diabetic foot ulcers with associated infection and osteomyelitis often lead to partial or complete limb loss. Determination of the appropriate level for amputation based on the patient's baseline physical function, extent of infection, vascular patency, and comorbidities can be challenging. Although Chopart amputation preserves greater limb length than more proximal alternatives such as Syme or below-the-knee amputations (BKA), challenges with wound healing and prosthesis fitting have been reported. We aimed to investigate the functional and clinical outcomes of Chopart amputation combined with tendon transfers.

Methods:

We identified patients who underwent Chopart amputations for diabetic foot infections by an academic orthopaedic group between August 2013 and September 2018. Subjects completed three Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) instruments. Incidence of postoperative complications and change in patient-reported outcomes before and after surgery were recorded.

Results:

Eighteen patients with an average age of 60.8 (range, 44 to 79) years were identified. The mean follow-up was 22.8 months (range, 6.7 to 51.0). Seventeen of the 18 total patients developed postoperative wound complications. These lead to revision amputations in 10 Chopart amputees, consisting of two Syme and eight BKAs. Half of the Chopart patients never received a prosthesis because of delayed wound healing and revision amputation. PROMIS physical function (PF) (31.1 pre-op and 28.6 post-op), pain interference (63.1 pre-op and 59.4 post-op), and depression (53.0 pre-op and 54.8 post-op) did not show significant change (P-values = 0.38, 0.29, 0.72, respectively). Pre- and post-op the PROMIS physical function scores were well below the US average.

Discussion:

In our patient cohort, 94% of patients developed postoperative wound complication. Only 44% of patients ever successfully ambulated with a prosthesis after Chopart amputation, and the others (56%) required revision amputations such as a BKA. Even after wound healing, Chopart amputees may struggle with obtaining a prosthesis suitable for ambulation. Surgeons should exercise judicious patient selection before performing Chopart amputation.

Level of Evidence:

IV, Case Series
The Effect of Wrestling Education on Some Physical and Motoric Parameters in High School Students
Authors: Genç Ayça
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of wrestling education on some physical and motoric parameters in high school students. 42 volunteer men aged 15-17, who received regular wrestling training, participated in the study. In the study, after all, subjects were divided into 3 groups according to age groups, body weight, height, BMI, claw, back, leg strength, 10 and 30 m sprint, flexibility, anaerobic power, fat percentage, and body circumference measurements were taken. SPSS 20.0 program was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained, the normality distribution of the data was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics, One Way ANOVA was used for normally distributed data and the level of significance was taken as p
Indicators of Good Governance for Administrators of the Primary Educational Service Area Office
Authors: Suksen Akchatree , Sanrattana Wirot , Suwannoi Paisan
Published: March 2020

This research aimed at accomplishing the following: (1) to build theoretical model, then to test its fitness with the empirical data; and (2) to investigate the factor loading of the main factors and sub-factors, as well as those indicators, which were compared to the determined criteria. The research applied descriptive research methodology to collect the data using a 5-scale questionnaire. The population consisted of 1,100 administrators in the Primary Educational Service Area Office (PEASO). The determination of the sample group size was established by applying the rule of population sample parameter proportion of 20:1, which was equal to 820 participants. From the 795 questionnaires, which were returned, the results of the data analysis were concluded by analyzing confirmatory factors using the AMOS program. It was determined that the theoretical model and empirical data were relevant given the following criteria: a Relative Chi-Square > 3.00 and a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation > 0.0. In addition, the Goodness-of-Fit Index, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index, Comparative Fit Index, and Normed Fit Index were found to be between 0.90 – 1.00. Moreover, the factor loading of the main factors was from 0.86 – 1.06, which is higher than the determined criteria (0.70), while the factor loading of the sub-factors and the indicators ranged from 0.73 – 0.95 and 0.30 – 1.00, respectively. These numbers were also higher than the determined criteria of 0.30, indicating that as a result of the research, the theoretical model could be used as a guideline to improve better governance for the administrators of PEASO with construct and content validity.
Analyzing Motor Development and Emergent Literacy Skills of Preschool Children
Authors: Özkür Fatma
Published: March 2020

Children start to gain basic literacy skills during preschool that they will constantly be depended on for their academic activities in primary school. Through learning shoulder girdle strength, fine motor skills, and eye-hand coordination, the foundation of motor skills is developed. Examining the effects of motor skills on emergent literacy skills could provide helpful information on the associations among motor and, reading and writing development. The purpose of this study was to analyze 5 years old children’s motor development and emergent literacy skills. The sample of the study consisted of 160 preschool children from main district of Istanbul. Dumans TMB scale and OYHB scale was used for data collection purposes. Results showed that majority of the preschool children (68%) participated in the study had insufficient level of emergent literacy skills. This group’s motor development score was also significantly lower than instructional group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive and medium level correlation between the scores of motor development and emergent literacy in both groups. It has been suggested that preschool children’s motor skills should be taken into account for their emergent literacy skills development.
Gemeenten organiseren kleinschaligheid: binnengemeentelijke organisatie opnieuw bekeken
Authors: Schaap Linze , Leenknegt Gert-Jan
Published: March 2020

Municipalities organized on a small scale: a fresh look at intra-municipal organization

The vast majority of Dutch municipalities organize part of their activities on a smaller scale than those of the municipality as such: it is called intra-municipal organization. In this article an inventory is made of the existing knowledge about the effects of various forms of intra-municipal organization in the Netherlands. On the basis of recent research, this knowledge is supplemented and it is also made clear which forms of intra-municipal organization are currently used. An analysis is also made of what legal leeway Dutch municipalities have in this regard. A new and richer typology of intra-municipal organization is also being developed. Finally, the authors place the results of the research reported here in a broader perspective. In particular, they reflect on two presuppositions under many forms of intra-municipal organization, namely that activities are location specific and democracy must necessarily be of the ‘representative’ type. Its relevance for practitioners is that the article provides insight into the legal leeway for intra-municipal organization and into the design of intra-municipal organization. It also contains a reflection on the design of the intra-municipal organization.
Hulp bij het vormen van lokale coalities en colleges
Authors: Winkelmolen Dirk , van Ostaaijen Julien
Published: March 2020

Help with forming local coalitions and boards. The local external (in)formateur in the Netherlands

In many Dutch municipalities, a ‘local external (in)formateur’ is deployed after the municipal elections. Local (in)formateurs guide the process of coalition formation. They investigate which political parties and political groups want to work together and try to bring them closer together. They can also play a role in the board formation, such as selecting alderman candidates and allocating portfolios. External (in)formateurs come ‘from outside’. They do not have an official political or official position in the municipality where they do their work at the time of their deployment as informateur. In 2014, forty percent of the municipalities made use of such an external (information) officer. However, we still know relatively little about the work of these local external informateurs, their background and results. The authors try to fill that gap on the basis of a literature study, interviews with stakeholders and a survey among 115 local external informateurs. They also consider the added value of local external (in)formateurs for local democracy. The work of local external (in)formal formateurs can contribute to a stable and well-functioning municipal executive. Nonetheless, they tend to have a rather one-sided socio-demographic profile and the desired party political experience and involvement with the municipality can be at odds with the desired independence and objectivity.
Integraliteit en interactiviteit gevraagd! Naar een gezonde leefomgeving voor jongeren
Authors: Sanders Maurits
Published: March 2020

Integrality and interactivity required! Towards a healthy living environment for young people

Overweight children are less fit than their peers, are bullied more often and face physical problems. It is therefore important for municipal administrators to devise and implement strategies to tackle youth obesity. Increasingly, the importance of measures in the physical environment is emphasized. However, a healthy living environment does not arise automatically. It requires an integrated and interactive policy approach. Vague policy language, stubborn ideas between public and private and divisions between policy areas stand in the way of measures taken by municipalities to achieve a healthy living environment for young people. To give such a working method a chance of success: (a) more knowledge has to be gained and made accessible about health-promoting policies; (b) professionals from the social and spatial domain must be better attuned to each other; and (c) administrators must commit themselves to an institutional context in which they work integrally and interactively.
Advocaten in Europa: vertegenwoordiging op het hoogste niveau?
Authors: Hoevenaars Jos
Published: March 2020

Lawyers in Europe: Representation at the highest level?

Research on the significance of representation indicates that lawyers contribute to positive outcomes of legal procedures not only by their substantive expertise but also by the relational expertise they bring. The latter involves understanding how to navigate the relationships involved in getting work done. In this paper these insights are used to investigate the highly specific and atypical practise of the preliminary reference procedure in the European legal system in order to reveal how lawyers deal with such an unexpected change of (legal) context. The empirical data, collected through semi-structured interviews with twenty-eight lawyers with past experience with the procedure, reveals the significant ways in which lawyers’ positive contribution to such cases is undermined by their lack of both substantive and relational expertise in pleading a case before the European Court of Justice. The fact that such cases do not necessarily fall into the hands of the professionals best equipped to plead such disputes before the Court, and the inability of the less well-off parties in particular to hire further expertise, points in the direction of a disadvantaged position for this group of litigants in having their interest represented effectively at the European level.
The alternative war on drugs: drug evictions and the (re)regulation of cannabis
Authors: Bruijn L. Michelle
Published: March 2020

The alternative War on Drugs: drug evictions and the (re)regulation of cannabis

As a reaction to the perceived enforcement deficit of criminal law in the field of drug control, several countries implemented alternative regulatory strategies. One such strategy is the reregulating drugs, especially cannabis. Another strategy is the use of civil or administrative law to address drug-related crime. Especially the use of eviction to combat drug activities has become increasingly popular.

My PhD research focuses on these two developments within the field of drug control. More specifically, on the underlying rationales for the policies on recreational cannabis, the possibilities that international law provide to regulate recreational cannabis, the legal protection against drug-related evictions, and the explanation for the use of eviction to fight drug-related activities.
EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY (ESWT) IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Walewicz Karolina
Published: March 2020

Background: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) has become a popular tool to treat musculoskeletal disorders and chronic low back pain.
Aim of the study: To review the current scientific literature and assess the utility of ESWT in treating chronic low back pain.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020. Its purpose was to determine what the effectiveness is of the various forms of ESWT for the treatment of chronic low back pain. The critical review of the literature on the use of ESWT in chronic low back was made using the scientifically recognized medical databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Web of Science Core Collection. There was no restriction by date. Exclusion criteria were experimental, in vitro, animal, review, case reports, non-randomized clinical trials or studies with healthy participants. All articles written in languages other than English have also been excluded.
Results: Six studies were included in the final analysis. According to the applied PEDro classification, the average scoring for the studies was 4.83, which indicates overall low quality of the presented reports. However, this result appeared closer to the moderate (acceptable) quality range (6-8 points) than to the unacceptable range (0-2 points).
Conclusion: Based on the findings in the analyzed articles, ESWT promises to be an efficient and useful procedure in chronic low back pain treatment. Unfortunately, the level of evidence is relatively weak because there are a limited number of published studies related to ESWT and the final score in the PEDro classification was low. Together, these results indicate the need for further high quality randomized clinical trials.
On Relics, Hermann Nitsch and the Creation of Value in Art
Authors: Karaman Selin
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay analyzes the meaning and symbolic value of 'relics' of Hermann Nitsch's ritual performances.
Media Innovation and Social Change: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Ní Bhroin Niahmh , Milan Stefania
Published: March 2020

Our purpose with this Special Issue is to present and contribute to a body of research that critically explores the relationship between media innovation and social change. In doing so, we also outline the contours of a research agenda to further develop this emerging field. Our motivation arises from a review of research published in the nine previous editions of this journal, where we explored how research about media innovations engaged with the topic of social change. We find that research in the field of media innovations has tended to focus on business and economic imperatives for media innovation, following the paradigm of research on digitalisation introduced by von Hippel’s theories of ‘democratizing innovation’ (2005), Chesbrough’s ‘open innovation’ (2006), or Tapscott and Williams, ‘Wikinomics’ (2011). As a consequence, digitalisation and the introduction of new technologies is usually unquestioningly presented as a business imperative for media industry stakeholders.
Media innovation and social impact: the case of living documentaries
Authors: Dubois Frédéric
Published: March 2020

This scholarly essay discusses one particular form of documentary production: interactive documentary. It does so in the larger context of media innovation research. Its main aim is to shed light on how those thinking and creating living documentaries define and frame social impact. The thesis behind this essay is, that contrary to media innovation happening within the paradigm of what scholars and practitioners call the ‘media industries’ - which are largely tributary to capitalist impact criteria, living documentary producers are mainly driven by the potential social impact that their work might have. By presenting and analysing the living documentary Field Trip (2019), a project in which I assumed a combined role of practitioner-researcher, I offer a case study that illustrates and tests my assumptions. I complement my observations within the case study with interviews and other practices. My findings indicate that from a media production perspective, the impact expectations of those making living documentaries can loosely be as associated with a commons-based production paradigm. Yet, producers of these documentaries constantly need to renegotiate and compromise on their social impact expectations because of internal production affordances and the (external) dominance of the ‘media industries’ paradigm.
The Importance of Mechanical Transport, Rock Texture, and Mineral Chemistry in Chemical Weathering of Granites: The Melechov Massif, Czech Republic
Authors: Procházka Václav , Žáček Miroslav , Sulovský Petr , Vaculovič Tomáš , Rukavičková Lenka , Matějka Dobroslav
Published: March 2020

Data of 41 or more elements in superficial as well as drill-core samples of the peraluminous Lipnice and Melechov granites, located several kilometers apart in northern Moldanubian Batholith, are evaluated. Weathering of both granite types proceeded in virtually identical time and environment, but it shows very different patterns. In the weathered Lipnice granite, Al2O3 slightly increased, loss on ignition (LOI) increased strongly, and contents of all other major elements except for Fe are lower (however, reconcentration of K, Mg, and Ti in secondary phases is possible). In the relatively coarse-grained and more acidic Melechov granite, the depleted major elements are Si, Fe, Ti, Mn, and Mg. Strongly increased Al in half of weathered samples is independent on the moderate increase of LOI and relatively small changes of Na, Ca, K, and P contents. These samples are relatively poor in quartz, which is the result of fossil weathering, mechanical mineral separation, and erosion processes. In the Lipnice granite, however, chemical weathering dominated over mechanical fractionation due to a more compact character of the rock (as well as of biotite and plagioclase). Regarding trace elements, enrichment in Ga and loss of U are the only changes documented in both granite types (in different proportions however). The rare-earth element (REE) fractionation is generally weak, but in the Lipnice granite, two processes are proven: (i) dissolution of apatite which has an M-type lanthanide tetrad effect in the fresh rock and (ii) formation of positive Ce anomaly.
Structural Phase Transitions of Hybrid Perovskites CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, Cl) from Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction Data
Authors: Alberto López Carlos , Consuelo Alvarez-Galván María , Abia Carmen , Teresa Fernández-Díaz María , Antonio Alonso José
Published: March 2020

Methylammonium (MA) lead trihalide perovskites, that is, CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl), have emerged as a new class of light-absorbing materials for photovoltaic applications. Indeed, since their implementation in solar-cell heterojunctions, they reached efficiencies above 23%. From a crystallographic point of view, there are many open questions that should be addressed, including the role of the internal motion of methylammonium groups within PbX6 lattice under extreme conditions, such as low/high temperature or high pressure. For instance, in MAPbBr3 perovskites, the octahedral tilting can be induced upon cooling, lowering the space group from the aristotype Pm3¯m to I4/mcm and Pnma. The band gap engineering brought about by the chemical management of MAPb(Br,Cl)3 perovskites has been controllably tuned: the gap progressively increases with the concentration of Cl ions from 2.1 to 2.9 eV. In this chapter, we review recent structural studies by state-of-the-art techniques, relevant to the crystallographic characterization of these materials, in close relationship with their light-absorption properties.
Hall Thruster: An Electric Propulsion through Plasmas
Authors: Singh Sukhmander
Published: March 2020

The chapter discussed the technological application of plasma physics in space science. The plasma technology is using laser-plasma fusion, inertial fusion, Terahertz wave generation and welding of metals. In this chapter, the application of plasma physics in the field of electric propulsion and types has been discussed. These devices have much higher exhaust velocities, longer life time, high thrust density than chemical propulsion devices and useful for space missions with regard to the spacecraft station keeping, rephrasing and orbit topping applications. The mathematical relation has been derived to obtain the performance parameters of the propulsion devices.
Screening for QT Prolongation in the Emergency Department: Is There a Better “Rule of Thumb?”
Authors: Rischall Megan , Smith Stephen , Friedman Ari
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Identification of QT prolongation in the emergency department (ED) is critical for appropriate monitoring, disposition, and treatment of patients at risk for torsades de pointes (TdP). Unfortunately, identifying prolonged QT is not straightforward. Computer algorithms are unreliable in identifying prolonged QT. Manual QT-interval assessment methods, including QT correction formulas and the QT nomogram, are time-consuming and are not ideal screening tools in the ED. Many emergency clinicians rely on the “rule of thumb” or “Half the RR” rule (Half-RR) as an initial screening method, but prior studies have shown that the Half-RR rule performs poorly as compared to other QT assessment methods. We sought to characterize the problems associated with the Half-RR rule and find a modified screening tool to more safely assess the QT interval of ED patients for prolonged QT.

Methods: We created graphs comparing the prediction of the Half-RR rule to other common QT assessment methods for a spectrum of QT and heart rate pairs. We then proposed various modifications to the Half-RR rule and assessed these modifications to find an improved “rule of thumb.”

Results: When compared to other methods of QT correction, the Half-RR rule appears to be more conservative at normal and elevated heart rates, making it a safe initial screening tool. However, in bradycardia, the Half-RR rule is not sufficiently sensitive in identifying prolonged QT. Adding a fixed QT cutoff of 485 milliseconds (ms) increases the sensitivity of the rule in bradycardia, creating a safer initial screening tool.

Conclusion: For a rapid and more sensitive screening evaluation of the QT interval on electrocardiograms in the ED, we propose combining use of the Half-RR rule at normal and elevated heart rates with a fixed uncorrected QT cutoff of 485 ms in bradycardia.
Scabies: Application of the Novel Identify-Isolate-Inform Tool for Detection and Management
Authors: Cheng Tabitha , Mzahim Bandr , Alsugair Abdulrahman , Al-Wabel Abdussalam , Almutairi Bandar , Maysa Eshmawi , Khan Christopher
Published: March 2020

Scabies is a highly contagious, globally prevalent, parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, also known as the itch mite. There have been outbreaks not only in the developing world, but also in the developed world among refugees and asylum seekers. Once infested with scabies mites, symptomatic patients, as well as asymptomatic carriers, quickly spread the disease through direct skin-to-skin contact. Typically, symptoms of scabies are characterized by an erythematous, papular, pruritic rash associated with burrows. Treatment of scabies involves using topical or systemic scabicides and treating secondary bacterial infections, if present. Given the prevalence and contagiousness of scabies, measures to prevent its spread are essential. Through application of the novel Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, emergency medical providers can readily identify risk factors for exposure and important symptoms of the disease, thus limiting its spread through prompt scabicide therapy; isolate the patient until after treatment; and inform local public health authorities and hospital infection prevention, when appropriate. Ultimately, these three actions can aid public health in controlling the transmission of scabies cases, thus ensuring the protection of the general public from this highly contagious skin infestation.
2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus
Authors: Koenig Kristi , Bey Christian , McDonald Eric
Published: March 2020

2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging infectious disease closely related to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV that was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. As of January 2020, cases of 2019-nCoV are continuing to be reported in other Eastern Asian countries as well as in the United States, Europe, Australia, and numerous other countries. An unusually high volume of domestic and international travel corresponding to the beginning of the 2020 Chinese New Year complicated initial identification and containment of infected persons. Due to the rapidly rising number of cases and reported deaths, all countries should be considered at risk of imported 2019-nCoV. Therefore, it is essential for prehospital, clinic, and emergency department personnel to be able to rapidly assess 2019-nCoV risk and take immediate actions if indicated. The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, originally conceived for the initial detection and management of Ebola virus and later adjusted for other infectious agents, can be adapted for any emerging infectious disease. This paper reports a modification of the 3I Tool for use in the initial detection and management of patients under investigation for 2019-nCoV. After initial assessment for symptoms and epidemiological risk factors, including travel to affected areas and exposure to confirmed 2019-nCoV patients within 14 days, patients are classified in a risk-stratified system. Upon confirmation of a suspected 2019-nCoV case, affected persons must immediately be placed in airborne infection isolation and the appropriate public health agencies notified. This modified 3I Tool will assist emergency and primary care clinicians, as well as out-of-hospital providers, in effectively managing persons with suspected or confirmed 2019-nCoV.
A Cause of Hematuria Following Hemiscorpius acanthocercus (Scorpiones: Hemiscorpiidae) Sting in South of Iran
Authors: Shahi Mehran , Davoodian Parivash , Davaridolatabadi Nasrin , Shahi Mehraban
Published: March 2020

Introduction: A scorpion sting is one of the major medical problems in southern Iran. Hemiscorpius scorpions are the most dangerous species in this area and Hemiscorpius acanthocercus belonging to this genus is distributed in the southern part of Iran. The venom of this scorpion causes pathological changes in the blood and kidney of the victims, which eventually lead to hemolysis and renal failure. Case Presentation: This report describes the occurrence of severe hematuria in a patient within a few hours after the scorpion sting. Conclusions: The present report suggests that more studies are needed to set out a protocol for the management of scorpion stings in high risk areas.
Variants in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Checkpoint Genes Are Associated With Immune Cell Profiles and Predict Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Parra Edwin Roger , Jiang Mei , Machado-Rugolo Juliana , Yaegashi Lygia Bertalha , Prieto Tabatha , Farhat Cecília , de Sá Vanessa Karen , Nagai Maria Aparecida , de Lima Vladmir Cláudio Cordeiro , Takagaki Tereza , Terra Ricardo , Fabro Alexandre Todorovic , Capelozzi Vera Luiza
Published: March 2020

Context.—

Identification of gene mutations that are indicative of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and a noninflammatory immune phenotype may be important for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Objective.—

To evaluate the utility of multiplex immunofluorescence for immune profiling and to determine the relationships among tumor immune checkpoint and epithelial-mesenchymal transition genomic profiles and the clinical outcomes of patients with nonmetastatic non–small cell lung cancer.

Design.—

Tissue microarrays containing 164 primary tumor specimens from patients with stages I to IIIA non–small cell lung carcinoma were examined by multiplex immunofluorescence and image analysis to determine the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on malignant cells, CD68+ macrophages, and cells expressing the immune markers CD3, CD8, CD57, CD45RO, FOXP3, PD-1, and CD20. Immune phenotype data were tested for correlations with clinicopathologic characteristics, somatic and germline genetic variants, and outcome.

Results.—

A high percentage of PD-L1+ malignant cells was associated with clinicopathologic characteristics, and high density of CD3+PD-1+ T cells was associated with metastasis, suggesting that these phenotypes may be clinically useful to identify patients who will likely benefit from immunotherapy. We also found that ZEB2 mutations were a proxy for immunologic ignorance and immune tolerance microenvironments and may predict response to checkpoint inhibitors. A multivariate Cox regression model predicted a lower risk of death for patients with a high density of CD3+CD45RO+ memory T cells, carriers of allele G of CTLA4 variant rs231775, and those whose tumors do not have ZEB2 mutations.

Conclusions.—

Genetic variants in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune checkpoint genes are associated with immune cell profiles and may predict patient outcomes and response to immune checkpoint blockade.
O padrão da atividade física de brasileiros diabéticos
Authors: Lima Dartel Ferrari , Anguera Maria das Graças , Lima Lohran Anguera , Mazzardo Júnior Oldemar , Sampaio Adelar Aparecido , Silva Júnior Arestides Preira da , Silva Michael Pereira da , Luiz Olinda Do Carmo
Published: March 2020

O objetivo do estudo visou conhecer a organização da prática de atividade física (AF) de brasileiros adultos portadores de diabetes mellitus, residentes nas 27 capitais brasileiras e verificou se a AF estava de acordo com as diretrizes de AF recomendadas para diabéticos pelo Ministério da Saúde brasileiro. Os dados transversais foram obtidos do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis de 2016, onde cerca de 54.000 adultos com 18 anos ou mais de idade em todas as capitais brasileiras foram entrevistados por inquérito telefônico. Os participantes informaram sobre a participação de AF recreativa executado nos três meses anteriores à entrevista, sobre a frequência semanal e a duração das atividades. Também informaram serem ou não diabéticos. Foi realizada análise descritiva e o significado estatístico avaliado por meio do teste do qui-quadrado (χ2) de Pearson. No ano de 2016, aproximadamente 7,9% da população se declarou diabética. Houve maior prevalência entre as mulheres de maior idade e de menor escolaridade. A caminhada, a hidroginástica e a ginástica geral foram as principais modalidades de AF referidas pelos diabéticos. Mais da metade deles (55%) estavam inativos e 15% alcançavam às recomendações de AF do MS. A maioria (90%) praticava AF por 30 minutos ou mais por dia, sendo que 87% dos ativos com frequência semanal de 1 a 2 vezes não alcançaram a meta recomendada pelo MS. A regularidade da AF para os diabéticos não está alinhada às recomendações do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro.
Prevalência de anemia ferropênica em crianças socialmente vulneráveis atendidas em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Lourenço Gabriela De Campos , Silveira Lucas Dos Santos , Costa Thaís Dos Santos da , Capeletti Camila Pileco , Machado Angélica Santos , Silva Brenda Da , Azzolin Gabriela Bonfanti , Bortolotto Josiane Woutheres , Sperotto Rita Leal , Parisi Mariana Migliorini
Published: March 2020

A anemia é um problema de saúde pública global que afeta de forma significativa as crianças. Na infância, a anemia ferropênica é o tipo mais prevalente de anemia, principalmente em crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social e econômica, podendo causar prejuízos cognitivos e motores. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anemia ferropênica em crianças socialmente vulneráveis atendidas através de um Projeto de Extensão Universitária em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de em estudo do tipo observacional transversal retrospectivo, sendo que a coleta de dados ocorreu através da análise dos resultados dos exames de hemograma das crianças de 6 meses a 12 anos em situação de vulnerabilidade social, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Foram considerados critérios de anemia valores de hemoglobina inferiores a 10,5g/dL para crianças de 6 meses a 2 anos e inferiores a 11,5g/dL para crianças de 2 a 12 anos. Presença simultânea de microcitose e anisocitose foram considerados sugestivos de anemia ferropênica. Das 78 crianças atendidas pelo Projeto de Extensão Universitária, 21,7% apresentaram anemia e, destas, 47% apresentaram perfil morfológico dos eritrócitos compatíveis com anemia ferropênica. A prevalência de anemia foi significativamente maior em crianças de 6 meses a 2 anos. Das crianças com provável anemia ferropênica, 62,5% apresentaram concomitante eosinofilia, sugerindo um processo infeccioso por helmintos. Com este estudo, descrevemos uma alta taxa de anemia na população estudada, indicando a necessidade de medidas de atenção e proteção a saúde na infância, principalmente em crianças com vulnerabilidade social e econômica.
Uso da matriz morfológica para desenvolvimento de produtos de moda a partir de matéria-prima reciclada
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Bertoluci Cristiane Eloisa , Sanches Regina Aparecida
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar e experimentar soluções ambientalmente sustentáveis, utilizando resíduos de malharia circular de algodão e o tricô, para a fabricação de novos produtos de moda. Como matérias - primas principais foram utilizados tecidos defeituosos descartados por empresas e peças descartadas por consumidores. A ferramenta usada para o desenvolvimento do processo criativo foi a matriz morfológica, com esta técnica foram geradas aproximadamente cento e cinquenta ideias de produtos de vestuário. Cinco ideias de concepção de produtos foram identificadas como principa is. Foi confeccionado um protótipo de um colete curto com o objetivo de mostrar a viabilidade da aplicação da matriz morfológica para o desenvolvimento de produtos criativos em moda. A reprodutibilidade da metodologia proposta foi testada com sucesso por artesãos que trabalham com técnicas de tricô manual.