bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive retrospect on the current perspectives and future prospects of pneumoconiosis
Authors: Hou Xiaomin , Wei Zhengqian , Jiang Xuelu , Wei Chengjie , Dong Lin , Li Yanhua , Liang Ruifeng , Nie Jisheng , Shi Yiwei , Qin Xiaojiang
Published: January 2025

Pneumoconiosis is a widespread occupational pulmonary disease caused by inhalation and retention of dust particles in the lungs, is characterized by chronic pulmonary inflammation and progressive fibrosis, potentially leading to respiratory and/or heart failure. Workers exposed to dust, such as coal miners, foundry workers, and construction workers, are at risk of pneumoconiosis. This review synthesizes the international and national classifications, epidemiological characteristics, strategies for prevention, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Current research on the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis focuses on the influence of autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis on the progression of the disease. In addition, factors such as lipopolysaccharide and nicotine have been found to play crucial roles in the development of pneumoconiosis. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most fundamental achievements in the treatment of pneumoconiosis with the purpose of indicating the future direction of its treatment and control. New technologies of integrative omics, artificial intelligence, systemic administration of mesenchymal stromal cells have proved useful in solving the conundrum of pneumoconiosis. These directional studies will provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of pneumoconiosis.
Moderate PM10 exposure increases prostate cancer: a longitudinal nationwide cohort study (2010–2020)
Authors: Rho Mi Jung , Park Yong Hyun , Park Jihwan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Fine dust exposure has been reported to affect patients with prostate cancer, making it crucial to understand how environmental pollutants impact health. This study aimed to determine the risk of prostate cancer in South Korea associated with moderate levels of fine dust (PM10) exposure.

Methods

We analyzed data from 20,430 individuals in the National Health Insurance Sharing Service database from 2010 to 2020, comparing a new prostate cancer group (n = 4,071, 19.9%) with a non-prostate cancer group (n = 16,359, 80.1%). Using PM10 data from Air Korea's annual average air quality database, we conducted logistic regression analysis to assess the risk of prostate cancer.

Results

Our findings indicate that even moderate PM10 exposure is a risk factor for developing prostate cancer. Additionally, even at low levels of PM2.5, moderate PM10 exposure significantly impacts prostate cancer development, with lifestyle ha bits potentially lowering this risk.

Discussion

These results underscore the need for stricter environmental standards for PM10 and proactive policies to reduce public health and long-term social costs. Public awareness, including mask use and air quality management, is essential.
Hata-Yanagiya physical activity calculation system: a novel global positioning system-based method for accurate estimation of oxygen consumption during walking and running
Authors: Hata Keiichiro , Yanagiya Toshio , Noro Hiroaki , Suzuki Yoshio
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Marathon running has become increasingly popular among amateur athletes, many of whom maintain speeds of 8–9 km/h. However, existing methods for estimating oxygen consumption (VO2) during running and walking—such as the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equations and commercial activity monitors—often lack accuracy and transparency. This study introduces the Hata-Yanagiya Physical Activity Calculation (HYPAC) system, a novel approach for estimating VO2 using Global Positioning System (GPS) and map data.

Methods

The HYPAC system was developed through regression equations based on metabolic equivalents (METs) and slope data. To validate the system, 10 university students (5 runners, 5 non-runners) completed a 5 km course while equipped with a GPS device and a portable metabolic measurement system. VO2 estimates from the HYPAC system were compared with measured values and those calculated using ACSM equations.

Results

The HYPAC system demonstrated high accuracy in estimating VO2, with a relative error of −0.03 [95% confidence intervals (CI): −0.14, 0.08] compared to measured values. For the running group, the HYPAC system achieved the lowest absolute mean relative error (0.02). In the mixed running/walking group, the HYPAC system maintained strong performance with a relative error of −0.07 (95% CI: −0.26, 0.12).

Discussion

The HYPAC system provides a transparent and accurate method for estimating VO2 during walking and running, outperforming existing methods under varied conditions. Its open-source framework encourages further validation and improvement by researchers and practitioners. Future studies should address limitations such as sample size and population diversity to enhance the system's applicability.
An approach to addressing rural depopulation in the black soil region: insights from the county urban–rural settlement system
Authors: Ma Zuopeng , Tong Yao , Liu Jibin , Zhou Guolei , Liu Yanjun , Wen Xin , Zhang Pingyu
Published: January 2025

In the context of rural depopulation, spatial reorganization of settlements is widely recognized as a critical strategy to alleviate the human-land contradiction and enhance land use efficiency in the black-soil region. Using Yushu County as a case study, this paper explores an approach to the spatial optimization of urban–rural settlements in the black soil region. Currently, the urban–rural settlement system exhibits a distorted structure characterized by an excess of small settlements and a scarcity of large and medium-sized settlements, while the rank-size curve illustrates the phenomenon of “raising head, craning neck and drooping tail.” Rural development potential displays a pronounced high-high and low-low aggregation pattern. In light of this, the consolidation of settlements should be implemented at two scales: administrative villages and towns. In areas with high potential for rural development, merging natural settlements into the central settlement within an administrative village is recommended. In areas with low potential for rural development, the relocation and consolidation of natural settlements should be guided by the ideal service radius of central settlements within a town. This approach could preserve the original social relations to the greatest extent, thus facilitating the effective implementation of rural restructuring strategies.
Improving fertilization rates in IVF using rutin and quercetin in preculture medium or through oral administration
Authors: Tanaka Hiromitsu , Ichihara Satona
Published: January 2025

Fertility rates are declining in livestock such as cattle, and more than one in five Japanese couples have undergone infertility treatment or are currently infertile. Improving the fertilization rates of domesticated animals is imperative for improving their productivity and maintaining valuable lineages. In this study, the effects of rutin and quercetin on fertility and pregnancy rates were investigated by incorporating these compounds into the preculture medium for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or administering them orally to mice. The addition of rutin and quercetin to the preculture medium increased the IVF fertilization rate by more than twofold. Oral administration of rutin and quercetin to aged male and nulliparous female mice improved pregnancy outcomes. These findings have important implications for the non-invasive treatment of infertility.
SMOTE vs. SMOTEENN: A Study on the Performance of Resampling Algorithms for Addressing Class Imbalance in Regression Models
Authors: Husain Gazi , Nasef Daniel , Jose Rejath , Mayer Jonathan , Bekbolatova Molly , Devine Timothy , Toma Milan
Published: January 2025

Class imbalance is a prevalent challenge in machine learning that arises from skewed data distributions in one class over another, causing models to prioritize the majority class and underperform on the minority classes. This bias can significantly undermine accurate predictions in real-world scenarios, highlighting the importance of the robust handling of imbalanced data for dependable results. This study examines one such scenario of real-time monitoring systems for fall risk assessment in bedridden patients where class imbalance may compromise the effectiveness of machine learning. It compares the effectiveness of two resampling techniques, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and SMOTE combined with Edited Nearest Neighbors (SMOTEENN), in mitigating class imbalance and improving predictive performance. Using a controlled sampling strategy across various instance levels, the performance of both methods in conjunction with decision tree regression, gradient boosting regression, and Bayesian regression models was evaluated. The results indicate that SMOTEENN consistently outperforms SMOTE in terms of accuracy and mean squared error across all sample sizes and models. SMOTEENN also demonstrates healthier learning curves, suggesting improved generalization capabilities, particularly for a sampling strategy with a given number of instances. Furthermore, cross-validation analysis reveals that SMOTEENN achieves higher mean accuracy and lower standard deviation compared to SMOTE, indicating more stable and reliable performance. These findings suggest that SMOTEENN is a more effective technique for handling class imbalance, potentially contributing to the development of more accurate and generalizable predictive models in various applications.
Competitiveness Evaluation Method of Supersonic Civil Aircraft Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: He Jiazheng , Pan Rui , Cheng Wenyuan , Guo Chenxin , Meng Zhijun
Published: January 2025

As the demand for long-distance flights continues to increase, supersonic transport (SST) has once again become a hot research topic. However, in the conventional research on competitiveness of civil aircraft, because the flight speeds of various subsonic aircraft are relatively close, the influence of flight time on comfort is less considered. Therefore, there is a lack of evaluation methods considering time comfort to comprehensively evaluate supersonic and subsonic civil aircraft. This paper proposed an evaluation method for the competitiveness of supersonic civil aircraft based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Key indicators were selected to form a competitiveness evaluation model from the perspective of four criterion factors of economy, comfort, adaptability, and environment. Based on the key indicators, we have proposed a type of supersonic aircraft. The expected SST might have a much stronger market competitiveness compared to the Concorde, and it could provide a 43.5% improvement in passenger comfort over the Airbus A350 in long-distance flights. And the expected SST could outperform the Gulfstream G650 in economic feasibility. The evaluation method proposed in this paper could reflect the characteristics of supersonic civil aircraft and other subsonic aircraft, and effectively compare their competitiveness. This work can be used to evaluate the social acceptance of supersonic civil aircraft, help to optimize the overall design of supersonic civil aircraft, and provide reliable decision-making support for airline aircraft selection.
Evaluation and Prediction of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Jianghan Plain Based on the Tent-SSA-BPNN Model
Authors: Shao Tianshu , Xu Xiangdong , Su Yuelong
Published: January 2025

The Jianghan Plain (JHP) is a key agricultural area in China where efficient agricultural water use (AWUE) is vital for sustainable water management, food security, environmental sustainability, and economic growth. This study introduces a novel AWUE prediction model for the JHP, combining a BP neural network with the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) and an improved Tent Mixing Algorithm (Tent-SSA-BPNN). This hybrid model addresses the limitations of traditional methods by enhancing AWUE forecast accuracy and stability. By integrating historical AWUE data and environmental factors, the model provides a detailed understanding of AWUE’s spatial and temporal variations. Compared to traditional BP neural networks and other methods, the Tent-SSA-BPNN model significantly improves prediction accuracy and stability, achieving an accuracy (ACC) of 96.218%, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.952, and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9939, surpassing previous models. The results show that (1) from 2010 to 2022, the average AWUE in the JHP fluctuated within a specific range, exhibiting a decrease of 0.69%, with significant differences in the spatial and temporal distributions across various cities; (2) the accuracy (ACC) of the Tent-SSA-BPNN prediction model was 96.218%, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.952, and the coefficient of determination (R²) value was 0.9939. (3) Compared with those of the preoptimization model, the ACC, RMSE, and R² values of the Tent-SSA-BPNN model significantly improved in terms of accuracy and stability, clearly indicating the efficacy of the optimization. (4) The prediction results reveal that the proportion of agricultural water consumption has a significant impact on AWUE. These results provide actionable insights for optimizing water resource allocation, particularly in water-scarce regions, and guide policymakers in enhancing agricultural water management strategies, supporting sustainable agricultural development.
Effects of Essential Oils as Antioxidant and Cryoprotective Agents in Improving Frozen and Thawed Human Sperm Criteria
Authors: Goujet Hamza , Kaarouch Ismail , Malki Abderrahim , Mbaye Modou Mamoune , Cabry Rosalie , Louanjli Noureddine , Rhouda Taha , Benkhalifa Moncef
Published: January 2025

Sperm cryopreservation provides patients undergoing oncological, surgical, or infertility treatments the opportunity to conceive their own children, using assisted reproductive technologies. However, the freezing-thawing process can negatively influence both the quantity and the quality of spermatozoa, mainly due to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species and/or an impaired antioxidant defense system in sperm. Aromatic and medicinal plants synthesize essential oils with antioxidant proprieties as a part of their ecological adaptation to environmental stress, thanks to their rich bioactive phytochemical components. This study aimed to assess sperm progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane functionality, and lipid peroxidation levels of human cryopreserved normozoospermic (n = 51) and asthenozoospermic (n = 51) samples without or with the addition of Thymus satureoides (TSEO) (20 µg/mL), Artemisia vulgaris (AVEO) (48 µg/mL), and Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO) (13 µg/mL) essential oils. Sperm parameters were significantly better preserved with ROEO in both normozoospermic (p < 0.05) and asthenozoospermic samples (p < 0.01). In contrast, TSEO had a negative impact for both groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, no significant effects were observed with AVEO. In summary, the study revealed that in vitro addition of essential oils as antioxidant agents during cryopreservation can be either beneficial, which helps preserve sperm parameters and fertilizing potential, or detrimental as spermicidal agents.
Prism-Based Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer with a Fixed Fringe Localization Plane
Authors: Liu Zihao , Zhang Da , Yang Huanyu , Huo Chunling
Published: January 2025

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) based on prism dispersion is a novel technique designed to overcome the limitations of traditional grating-based SHS, which is affected by grating diffraction. However, there are still some challenges with this technique, one of which is that the fringe localization plane (FLP) moves with changes in wavelength. This paper proposes a prism-based tunable SHS where the FLP is fixed, utilizing prism–bimirror–mirror structures. The theoretical spectral resolving power, based on an example, is higher than 1300 in the spectral range from 10,000 cm−1 to 25,641 cm−1 and is approximately 27,595 at 25,641 cm−1. Furthermore, we propose solutions to simplify the motion control system and address the problem of spectral aliasing.
Relative Age Effect in Junior Padel Players: Insights from National Team Selection at the 2024 Junior European Championships
Authors: Conde-Ripoll Rafael , Martín-Miguel Iván , Muñoz Diego , Ferrara Carlo , Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J. , Escudero-Tena Adrián
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the relative age effect (RAE) in junior padel players participating in the 2024 European Junior Championships by Teams. The sample included 285 athletes (165 boys from 16 boys’ teams and 120 girls from 12 girls’ teams). Dates of birth were categorized into quartiles, and data analysis employed Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests, Fisher’s exact goodness-of-fit tests, Chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests with Monte Carlo correction (95% CI), and Spearman correlations. The results showed no consistent RAE overall. However, in boys, players born in Q1 (CSR = 2.2) and in the last year of eligibility (CSR = 2.0) were more prevalent in higher-ranked teams. Position directly correlated with quartile (boys: p = 0.015; girls: p = 0.001) and category year (boys: p = 0.032; girls: p = 0.038). These findings suggest that while RAE was not observed across all junior padel players, boys’ teams, particularly in higher ranks, exhibited trends favoring early birth quartiles and the final year of eligibility. Such patterns may influence competitive performance and talent identification. Further research is needed to understand the implications of RAE in youth sports, particularly regarding talent development and team selection processes.
Saline–CO2 Solution Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Sandstones: An Experimental Study
Authors: Duan Motao , Mao Haijun , Zhang Guangquan , Liu Junxin , Zhu Sinan , Wang Di , Xie Hao
Published: January 2025

In deep brine oil and gas injection–production operations, the combined long-term effects of brine and carbon dioxide on rock mechanical properties are not clear. In order to solve this problem, the influence of long-term salt–CO2 environment on the mechanical properties of sandstone is discussed. The mechanism of interaction evolution and fracture propagation was studied in detail by NMR, the triaxial compression test and a CT scan. The results show that the triaxial compressive strength and mass of sandstone decrease first and then increase with the prolonging of soaking time. The proportion of micropores first decreased and then increased, while the proportion of medium and large pores first increased and then decreased. The pores obtained by Avizo’s segmentation of the threshold value of CT sections first increased and then decreased, and the fractal dimensions obtained first increased and then decreased. In particular, the calcium ions in the immersion solution increased first and then decreased. The reaction rate was obtained and verified according to the changes in calcium carbonate mass and calcium ion mineralization at different times. The failure mode of the sample gradually changed from /-shaped failure to V-shaped composite failure, then to local /-shaped failure, and finally to X-shaped composite failure. On this basis, the process of sandstone was divided into the dissolution stage, precipitation stage and secondary dissolution stage, and the rock microstructure change model under a salt–CO2 environment was established. The mechanics, temperature, chemical interaction mechanism and fracture propagation mechanism of sandstone under a salt–CO2 environment are discussed.
Mind Mapping Training’s Effects on Divergent Thinking Skills: Detection Based on EEG Data
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Zhisheng , Yu Hao
Published: January 2025

As a translation strategy, mind mapping has a positive influence on the development of students’ divergent thinking skills. However, research on how mind mapping affects divergent thinking has primarily relied on traditional testing methods, which mainly focus on completed translation tasks. There is still a lack of research using dynamic and procedural experimental methods. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most effective tools for identifying and analyzing cognitive processing. In this study, we utilized EEG data to explore the effects of mind mapping on divergent thinking skills, with a primary focus on the dynamics of the alpha band power, which is closely related to divergent thinking. The participants were university students learning foreign languages in Dalian, China. One group received foreign language translation teaching integrated with mind mapping training (experimental group), while the other group received regular foreign language translation teaching (control group). The task-related alpha band power of participants engaged in divergent thinking tasks shows that participants in the experimental group exhibited superior divergent thinking skills, as evidenced by greater elevations in alpha band power within the anterior frontal lobe (M = 0.582, SD = 0.301), frontal lobe (M = 0.312, SD= 0.103), frontocentral lobe (M = 0.183, SD = 0.256), and temporal lobe (M = 0.205, SD = 0.176). In addition, they displayed significantly greater alpha band activity in the right cerebral hemisphere (M = 0.418, SD = 0.271), further highlighting the unique neural patterns linked with divergent thinking. The empirical results indicate that mind mapping training is an effective method for enhancing students’ divergent thinking skills.
Effect of Hybrid Knitted Structure on Clothing Pressure
Authors: Abbasi Mahmoodabadi Hoorieeh , DenHartog Emiel , Suh Minyoung
Published: January 2025

This study presents new, knitted fabrics that combine woven and knitted structures to better control compression garments. This can be achieved by incorporating inlay yarns that utilize a woven configuration within knitted fabrics. As a result, this structure enhances the fabric’s functionality. Central to the research is the development and evaluation of various prototypes of arm sleeves using nylon–spandex, specifically engineered to apply the desired pressure on arms. The sleeves were knitted using different base structures including single jersey, single pique, 1 × 1 mock rib, and 2 × 2 mock rib, with and without inlays. A commercial sleeve was added as a reference. According to the protocol, the applied pressure of each sleeve was measured at three different points on the dominant arm of 12 healthy females. Stretch properties of arm sleeves were examined using an elongation tester. The thickness and weight of fabrics were evaluated as well. Also, the results of surveys—featuring four questions about the ease of motion, softness, thermal sensation, and overall comfort—were statistically analyzed. The analysis showed that the commercial and 2 × 2 mock rib sleeves were the most comfortable, creating pleasant subjective wearing sensations. The findings showed that the fabric’s tensile properties were significantly changed by the inclusion of inlay yarns in the weft and warp directions. According to survey results, 1 × 1 mock rib and 1 × 1 mock rib with inlay negatively affected subjective wearing sensations, while exerting the highest pressure on the subject’s arm. This is associated with the fabric’s compressive structure which directly contributes to the increased thickness and weight of the fabric.
Addition of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Dry Inflorescence in Beer Production
Authors: Habschied Kristina , Jokić Stela , Aladić Krunoslav , Šplajt Ivana , Krstanović Vinko , Mastanjević Krešimir
Published: January 2025

Recent research has increasingly focused on the benefits of various plants, including hemp, which has gained prominence for its medical and industrial applications. The incorporation of industrial hemp in beer brewing has further popularized this age-old beverage. In several countries, the cultivation of industrial hemp containing a maximum of 0.2% THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) has been legalized, leading to a growing recognition of the plant’s potential and its derived products. The objective of this study was to produce beer infused with dried industrial hemp inflorescences. Additionally, a sensory analysis was conducted with panelists to evaluate the drinkability of the produced beer, revealing that both beer variants with added hemp inflorescence received higher scores. The addition of hemp inflorescence during boiling resulted with a higher specific gravity (1.01071 mg/L) in regard to control beer (1.01015 mg/L) and beer subjected to dry hemping (1.01018 mg/L). Generally, a significant difference for most physical–chemical parameters was noted in the sample boiled with hemp inflorescence, while the control sample and dry-hemped sample showed no statistically significant difference. The only physical–chemical property that showed no difference between all samples, including control, was bitterness, which exhibited no change in relation to the mode of hemp inflorescence addition.
Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Displacement Analysis for Tunnel Deformation Detection Using Mobile Laser Scanning
Authors: Camara Mahamadou , Wang Liying , You Ze
Published: January 2025

Shield tunnels are increasingly monitored using 3D laser scanning technology to generate high-resolution point cloud data, which serve as a critical foundation for precise deformation analysis. This study introduces an advanced methodology for analyzing tunnel cross-section displacements, leveraging point cloud data captured by the Self-Mobile Intelligent Laser Scanning System (SILSS), a Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) platform capable of rapid and detailed 3D mapping of shield tunnels. The preprocessing pipeline includes the precise extraction of cross-sectional linings through local point density outlier removal techniques to enhance data accuracy. A custom segmentation algorithm partitions the tunnel cross-section linings into individual shield rings, enabling detailed and time-resolved displacement tracking. Aligned point clouds from different times were processed using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm to achieve high-accuracy displacement analysis. Key displacement metrics, including average shield ring point cloud displacement and centerline shift, were computed to quantify displacement. Additionally, ovality analysis was employed to detect shield ring shape changes, providing critical insights into structural deformations. The findings are visualized in 3D, highlighting significant displacement areas in the tunnel cross-section. An analysis of the corresponding data obtained from the Leica Pegasus Two Ultimate scanner system shows that the data collected by SILSS are accurate. This methodology offers a robust tool for continuous tunnel monitoring, supporting the development of safer and more resilient underground infrastructure systems.
Exploring Adsorption Performance of Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas with a Different Pore Structure as Strong Cation-Exchange Sorbents for Solid-Phase Extraction of Atropine and Scopolamine
Authors: Vera-Baquero Fernando L. , Morante-Zarcero Sonia , Pérez-Quintanilla Damián , Sierra Isabel
Published: January 2025

In this work, mesoporous silicas with two types of mesoporous structures were synthesized and functionalized with sulfonic acid groups: MCM-41-SO3H (honeycomb-like hexagonal structure) and MSU-2-SO3H (three-dimensional porous structure with wormhole pores). The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The obtained functionalized materials were evaluated as sorbents for strong cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) to determine their efficiency in the adsorption and desorption of tropane alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine). The loading solvents, loading volume, analyte concentration, and elution volume were studied, using 50 mg of both materials. Analyses were carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. The synthesized MCM-41-SO3H material presented the highest recovery efficiency and has proven to be a promising sorbent for strong cation-exchange SPE of atropine and scopolamine in aqueous media. The high degree of functionalization of MCM-41-SO3H and the high accessibility of the sulfonic groups for the target analytes, due to the regularity and uniformity of their pores, maximize the contact between the alkaloids and the sorbent, favoring efficient adsorption.
The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na2O/K2O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO2: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties
Authors: Partyka Janusz , Kozień Dawid , Pasiut Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the glazes of a multicomponent system (SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-BaO-ZnO-ZrO2) were examined. This work focuses on five glazes and the difference between them as the molar ratio of the alkali oxides Na2O/K2O. Analysis of fired glazes focused on changes in phase composition (qualitative and quantitative) microstructure performed during observations made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The changing molar ratios were also studied in the structure analysis based on the result of data obtained by middle infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic temperatures of the analyzed glazes were also designated using high-stage microscopy. Surface properties such as the color and roughness of the fired glazes were measured by means of a spectrometer and confocal microscopy as well. The amount and type of crystalline phases with the molar ratio of alkali oxides in the analyzed glazes were changed. In the glazes, the crystalline phase of a solid solution of plagioclase was obtained. The results obtained indicate that glazes with a predominant potassium oxide are characterized by lower characteristic temperatures and greater surface smoothness. Structure analysis indicates a different role for the five-molar ratio of Na2O/K2O.
Insights into Cancer-Associated Thrombosis Leading Towards Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hansda Surajit , Das Hiranmoy
Published: January 2025

Stroke leads to significant disability in most patients, whereas cancer elevates the occurrence of stroke. The incidence of cancer-associated stroke (CAS) is projected to rise as a result of improvements in cancer therapies. Various forms of cancer have been demonstrated to be linked to ischemic stroke. Cancer might influence stroke pathophysiology either directly or through coagulation that creates a hypercoagulative state, in addition to infections. Treatment methods for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, have all been demonstrated to increase the risk of stroke as well. This review discusses the subtypes, epidemiology, pathophysiology, mechanisms of stroke within cancer patients, biomarkers, and signaling pathways of stroke in cancer while providing vital information on the involved transcription factors, treatment, and management of patients with cancer-associated ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and signaling biomolecules can also affect CAS. Overall, stroke is a significant and not uncommon complication of cancer, and there is an immediate demand for neurologists and oncologists to create strategies for screening and preventing strokes in cancer patients.
Advancing Emotion Recognition: EEG Analysis and Machine Learning for Biomedical Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Reis Sara , Pinto-Coelho Luís , Sousa Maria , Neto Mariana , Silva Marta
Published: January 2025

Background: Human emotions are subjective psychophysiological processes that play an important role in the daily interactions of human life. Emotions often do not manifest themselves in isolation; people can experience a mixture of them and may not express them in a visible or perceptible way; Methods: This study seeks to uncover EEG patterns linked to emotions, as well as to examine brain activity across emotional states and optimise machine learning techniques for accurate emotion classification. For these purposes, the DEAP dataset was used to comprehensively analyse electroencephalogram (EEG) data and understand how emotional patterns can be observed. Machine learning algorithms, such as SVM, MLP, and RF, were implemented to predict valence and arousal classifications for different combinations of frequency bands and brain regions; Results: The analysis reaffirms the value of EEG as a tool for objective emotion detection, demonstrating its potential in both clinical and technological contexts. By highlighting the benefits of using fewer electrodes, this study emphasises the feasibility of creating more accessible and user-friendly emotion recognition systems; Conclusions: Further improvements in feature extraction and model generalisation are necessary for clinical applications. This study highlights not only the potential of emotion classification to develop biomedical applications, but also to enhance human–machine interaction systems.
Digital Melting Curve Analysis for Multiplex Quantification of Nucleic Acids on Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Dai Xiaoqing , Cao Meng , Wang Zunliang
Published: January 2025

We present a cost-effective and simple multiplex nucleic acid quantification method using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) with digital melting curve analysis (MCA). This approach eliminates the need for complex fluorescent probe design, reducing both costs and dependence on fluorescence channels. We developed a convolutional neighborhood search algorithm to correct droplet displacement during heating, ensuring precise tracking and accurate extraction of melting curves. An experimental protocol for digital MCA on the ddPCR platform was established, enabling accurate quantification of six target pathogen genes using a single fluorescence channel, with an average accuracy of 85%. Our method overcomes the multiplexing limitations of ddPCR, facilitating its application in multi-target pathogen detection.
A Review on Research Advances and Applications of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer in the Construction Industry
Authors: Duan Sheng-Jie , Feng Ru-Ming , Yuan Xin-Yan , Song Liang-Tao , Tong Gen-Shu , Tong Jing-Zhong
Published: January 2025

Compared to glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) offers distinct advantages, including the relatively lower cost and superior creep resistance. As a result, its application in the construction industry has been gaining growing attention. This paper begins by providing an overview of the fundamental background, as well as the mechanical and microscopic properties, of BFs. By exploring various application types, including one-dimensional (e.g., bars, cables), two-dimensional (e.g., grids, sheets), and three-dimensional (e.g., profiles) applications, the research progress of BFRP products in the construction industry is comprehensively summarized. Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of BFRP in a variety of structural applications, such as reinforcing existing structures (e.g., concrete or masonry) using BFRP bars, grids, or sheets, and the development of novel design concepts that integrate BFRP products with existing structural systems. Furthermore, this paper identifies unresolved challenges and proposes potential research directions, intending to promote BFRP’s broader adoption as a standardized and innovative material in the construction industry.
Vernacular Wooden Architecture in the City of Puntarenas: First Steps Towards Its Recognition
Authors: García-Baltodano Kenia , Porras-Alfaro David
Published: January 2025

In Puntarenas City, a historic and tourist port of Costa Rica, several vernacular buildings constructed in wood can be observed. Despite the prevalence of this architectural type in the area, there is an absence of comprehensive studies aimed at documenting this significant heritage. This article seeks to identify the vernacular architecture in this city through the architectural characterization, quantification, and geolocation of existing buildings, as well as the preliminary recognition of the state of conservation of the group of buildings. The methodological process proposed a four-stage approach. The initial stage involved an examination of documentary sources to verify existing information and obtain a preliminary profile of architectural characteristics. A participatory workshop with the community enabled the validation of this profile. The second stage comprised fieldwork, which yielded a starting list of properties. In the third stage, a detailed examination of the listed properties enabled the verification of the profile of characteristics, the delimitation of the architectural typologies, and the selection of buildings that did not fulfill the preliminary profile or possessed significant modifications that affected their architectural legibility. The fourth stage comprised the development of an inventory of vernacular architecture buildings and the systematic data transference to a Geographic Information System. This study mainly obtained the following results: an initial list of 172 wooden buildings in Puntarenas City and a geolocated inventory of 75 vernacular wooden architecture buildings that exhibit considerable architectural legibility. Moreover, identifying the uses and architectural features of the inventoried buildings permitted their categorization into ten distinct typologies.
XGBoost Enhances the Performance of SAFE: A Novel Microwave Imaging System for Early Detection of Malignant Breast Cancer
Authors: Yurtseven Ali , Janjic Aleksandar , Cayoren Mehmet , Bugdayci Onur , Aribal Mustafa Erkin , Akduman Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, and early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Mammography is widely used but has limitations, particularly for younger women with denser breasts. These include reduced sensitivity, false positives, and radiation risks. This highlights the need for alternative screening methods. In this study, we assess the performance of SAFE (Scan and Find Early), a novel microwave imaging device, in detecting breast cancer in a larger patient cohort. Unlike previous studies that predominantly relied on cross-validation, this study employs a more reliable, independent evaluation methodology to enhance generalizability. Methods: We developed an XGBoost model to classify breast cancer cases into positive (malignant) and negative (benign or healthy) groups. The model was analyzed with respect to key factors such as breast size, density, age, tumor size, and histopathological findings. This approach provides a better understanding of how these factors influence the model’s performance, using an independent evaluation methodology for increased reliability. Results: Our results demonstrate that SAFE exhibits high sensitivity, particularly in dense breasts (91%) and younger patients (83%), suggesting its potential as a supplemental screening tool. Additionally, the system shows high detection accuracy for both small (<2 cm) and larger lesions, proving effective in early cancer detection. Conclusions: This study reinforces the potential of SAFE to complement existing screening methods, particularly for patients with dense breasts, where mammography’s sensitivity is reduced. The promising results warrant further research to solidify SAFE’s clinical application as an alternative screening tool for breast cancer detection.
The Role of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy
Authors: Onat Filiz , Andersson My , Çarçak Nihan
Published: January 2025

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures, significantly impacting individuals worldwide. Current treatments are often ineffective for a third of patients and can cause severe side effects, necessitating new therapeutic approaches. Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, are emerging as crucial targets in epilepsy management. Astrocytes regulate neuronal homeostasis, excitability, and synaptic plasticity, playing key roles in maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and mediating neuroinflammatory responses. Dysregulated astrocyte functions, such as reactive astrogliosis, can lead to abnormal neuronal activity and seizure generation. They release gliotransmitters, cytokines, and chemokines that may exacerbate or mitigate seizures. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, contribute to neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, underscoring their dual role in seizure promotion and protection. Meanwhile, oligodendrocytes, primarily involved in myelination, also modulate axonal excitability and contribute to the neuron–glia network underlying seizure pathogenesis. Understanding the dynamic interactions of glial cells with neurons provides promising avenues for novel epilepsy therapies. Targeting these cells may lead to improved seizure control and better clinical outcomes, offering hope for patients with refractory epilepsy.
Gene–Environment Interaction: Small Deletions (DELs) and Transcriptomic Profiles in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) and Potential Implications for Therapy
Authors: Jasmine Farzana , Almazan Armando , Khamkevych Yuliia , Argos Maria , Shahriar Mohammad , Islam Tariqul , Shea Christopher R. , Ahsan Habibul , Kibriya Muhammad G.
Published: January 2025

Arsenic (As) is a risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). From a six-year follow-up study on 7000 adults exposed to As, we reported the associations of single-nucleotide variation in tumor tissue and gene expression. Here, we identify the associations of small deletions (DELs) and transcriptomic profiles in NMSC. Comparing the (a) NMSC tissue (n = 32) and corresponding blood samples from each patient, and (b) an independent set of non-lesional, healthy skin (n = 16) and paired blood, we identified NMSC-associated DELs. Differential expressions of certain gene pathways (TGF-β signaling pathway, IL-17 pathway, PD-L1 pathway, etc.) showed significant interactions with these somatic DELs and As exposure. In low-As-exposure cases, the DELs in APC were associated with the up-regulation of inflamed T-Cell-associated genes by a fold change (FC) of 8.9 (95% CI 4.5–17.6), compared to 5.7 (95% CI 2.9–10.8) without APC DELs; in high-As-exposure cases, the APC DELs were associated with an FC of 5.8 (95% CI 3.5–9.8) compared to 1.2 (95% CI −1.3 to 1.8) without APC DELs. We report, for the first time, the significant associations of somatic DELs (many in STR regions) in NMSC tissue and As exposure with many dysregulated gene pathways. These findings may help in selecting groups of patients for potential targeted therapy like PD-L1 inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, and TGF-β inhibitors in the future.
An Evaluation of the Microstructure and Hardness of Co-Rich PTA Overlays on a Duplex Steel Substrate
Authors: Tuz Lechosław
Published: January 2025

Overlaying welding is a technology that allows for the acquisition of structural materials with advantageous and complex operating properties. The substrate material can be a material with advantageous mechanical and plastic properties, and the coating can provide corrosion or abrasion (wear) resistance. Among coating application techniques, plasma transfer arc (PTA) overlay welding can be used, where the overlay ensures metallic continuity and high durability, but is a limitation in the joining technologies. Therefore, research was carried out on the possibility of making Co-rich PTA overlay welding coatings on duplex steel, which combine the unique properties of duplex steel and the abrasion resistance of the coating. The tests performed showed that it is possible to apply a coating on the edges of elements without unfavorable changes in the material associated with the formation of carbides and the sigma phase in the HAZ. The coating has a structure of a Co-rich solid solution and a net of eutectics with carbide precipitations. This allowed for high hardness (600 HV10) without the need for additional heat treatment procedures.
Synergistic Integration of Mesocarbon Microbeads, Graphitic Nanofibers, and Mesoporous Carbon for Advanced Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Rajkumar Palanisamy , Thirumal Vediyappan , Yoo Kisoo , Kim Jinho
Published: January 2025

In this study, a novel multiscale carbon architecture was developed by integrating mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs), graphitic nanofibers (GNFs), and mesoporous carbon, aimed at enhancing the performance of symmetric supercapacitors. The unique combination of spherical MCMB particles, conductive GNF nanofibers, and mesoporous carbon sheets resulted in a highly effective electrode material, offering improved conductivity, increased active sites for charge storage, and enhanced structural stability. The fabricated MCMB/GNF/MC architecture demonstrated a remarkable specific capacitance of 393 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode system, significantly surpassing the performance of individual MCMBs and MCMB/GNF electrodes. Furthermore, the architecture was incorporated into a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device, where it achieved a capacitance of 86 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The device exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 92% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles, with an outstanding coulombic efficiency of 99%. At optimal operating conditions, the SSC device delivered an energy density of 11 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1, making it a promising candidate for high-performance energy-storage applications. This multiscale carbon architecture represents a significant advancement in the design of electrode materials for symmetric supercapacitors, offering a balance of high energy and power density, long-term stability, and excellent scalability for practical applications. This work not only contributes to the development of high-performance electrode materials but also paves the way for scalable, long-lasting supercapacitors for future energy-storage technologies.
A Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of a Sample of Albanian Medical Students in Relation to Occupational Exposure to Biological Agents
Authors: Ippoliti Lorenzo , Coppeta Luca , Buonomo Ersilia , Somma Giuseppina , Bizzarro Giuseppe , Ferrari Cristiana , Mazza Andrea , Paolino Agostino , Salvi Claudia , Caputi Vittorio , Pietroiusti Antonio , Magrini Andrea
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Exposure to blood carries the risk of transmission of many infectious diseases. Healthcare workers (HCWs), including hospital-based medical students, face high and often under-reported rates of exposure to needlestick and sharps injuries. Previous studies have shown that students’ knowledge of infection control varies, highlighting the importance of pre-placement training. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding these risks in a population of medical students from Albania. (2) Methods: A validated questionnaire was administered to 134 medical students in an Italian hospital in May 2023. It assessed HBV vaccination status, adherence to infection control practices, knowledge of pathogen transmission, exposure incidents and attitudes towards infected patients. Three additional questions addressed air-borne transmission of tuberculosis and vaccination recommendations for healthcare workers. (3) Results: Most students (64%) reported being aware of occupational exposure risks. While 93% and 87%, respectively, recognised HIV and HBV as blood-borne pathogens, fewer recognised Treponema pallidum (44%). Awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV was high (85%), but although 75% reported having received training, only 45% felt it was adequate. Statistical analysis revealed an association between knowledge of infection control, awareness of pathogen transmission and understanding of the importance of vaccination. (4) Conclusions: Our study highlights gaps in medical students’ knowledge of occupational infections and highlights the need for improved pre-clerkship education. Improved education could reduce anxiety, ethical issues and misconceptions and promote safer healthcare practices.