bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of somatic mutations in whole blood from 200,618 individuals identifies pervasive positive selection and novel drivers of clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Bernstein Nicholas , Spencer Chapman Michael , Nyamondo Kudzai , Chen Zhenghao , Williams Nicholas , Mitchell Emily , Campbell Peter J. , Cohen Robert L. , Nangalia Jyoti
Published: May 2024

Human aging is marked by the emergence of a tapestry of clonal expansions in dividing tissues, particularly evident in blood as clonal hematopoiesis (CH). CH, linked to cancer risk and aging-related phenotypes, often stems from somatic mutations in a set of established genes. However, the majority of clones lack known drivers. Here we infer gene-level positive selection in whole blood exomes from 200,618 individuals in UK Biobank. We identify 17 additional genes, ZBTB33, ZNF318, ZNF234, SPRED2, SH2B3, SRCAP, SIK3, SRSF1, CHEK2, CCDC115, CCL22, BAX, YLPM1, MYD88, MTA2, MAGEC3 and IGLL5, under positive selection at a population level, and validate this selection pattern in 10,837 whole genomes from single-cell-derived hematopoietic colonies. Clones with mutations in these genes grow in frequency and size with age, comparable to classical CH drivers. They correlate with heightened risk of infection, death and hematological malignancy, highlighting the significance of these additional genes in the aging process.
Progranulin AAV gene therapy for frontotemporal dementia: translational studies and phase 1/2 trial interim results
Authors: Sevigny Jeffrey , Uspenskaya Olga , Heckman Laura Dean , Wong Li Chin , Hatch Daniel A. , Tewari Ambika , Vandenberghe Rik , Irwin David J. , Saracino Dario , Le Ber Isabelle , Ahmed Rebekah , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Boxer Adam L. , Boland Sebastian , Sheehan Patricia , Brandes Alissa , Burstein Suzanne R. , Shykind Benjamin M. , Kamalakaran Sitharthan , Daniels Carter W. , David Litwack E. , Mahoney Erin , Velaga Jenny , McNamara Ilan , Sondergaard Patricia , Sajjad Syed A. , Kobayashi Yvonne M. , Abeliovich Asa , Hefti Franz
Published: May 2024

GRN mutations cause progranulin haploinsufficiency, which eventually leads to frontotemporal dementia (FTD-GRN). PR006 is an investigational gene therapy delivering the granulin gene (GRN) using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector. In non-clinical studies, PR006 transduced neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with FTD-GRN, resulted in progranulin expression and improvement of lipofuscin, lysosomal and neuroinflammation pathologies in Grn-knockout mice, and was well tolerated except for minimal, asymptomatic dorsal root ganglionopathy in non-human primates. We initiated a first-in-human phase 1/2 open-label trial. Here we report results of a pre-specified interim analysis triggered with the last treated patient of the low-dose cohort (n = 6) reaching the 12-month follow-up timepoint. We also include preliminary data from the mid-dose cohort (n = 7). Primary endpoints were safety, immunogenicity and change in progranulin levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Secondary endpoints were Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) plus National Alzheimer’s Disease Coordinating Center (NACC) Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) rating scale and levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). One-time administration of PR006 into the cisterna magna was generally safe and well tolerated. All patients developed treatment-emergent anti-AAV9 antibodies in the CSF, but none developed anti-progranulin antibodies. CSF pleocytosis was the most common PR006-related adverse event. Twelve serious adverse events occurred, mostly unrelated to PR006. Deep vein thrombosis developed in three patients. There was one death (unrelated) occurring 18 months after treatment. CSF progranulin increased after PR006 treatment in all patients; blood progranulin increased in most patients but only transiently. NfL levels transiently increased after PR006 treatment, likely reflecting dorsal root ganglia toxicity. Progression rates, based on the CDR scale, were within the broad ranges reported for patients with FTD. These data provide preliminary insights into the safety and bioactivity of PR006. Longer follow-up and additional studies are needed to confirm the safety and potential efficacy of PR006. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04408625.
Women and men with distressing low sexual desire exhibit sexually dimorphic brain processing
Authors: Ertl Natalie , Mills Edouard G. , Wall Matthew B. , Thurston Layla , Yang Lisa , Suladze Sofiya , Hunjan Tia , Phylactou Maria , Patel Bijal , Bassett Paul A. , Howard Jonathan , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Abbara Ali , Goldmeier David , Comninos Alexander N. , Dhillo Waljit S.
Published: May 2024

Distressing low sexual desire, termed Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), affects approximately 10% of women and 8% of men. In women, the ‘top-down’ theory of HSDD describes hyperactivity in higher-level cognitive brain regions, suppressing lower-level emotional/sexual brain areas. However, it is unknown how this neurofunctional disturbance compares to HSDD in men. To investigate this, we employed task-based functional MRI in 32 women and 32 men with HSDD to measure sexual-brain processing during sexual versus non-sexual videos, as well as psychometric questionnaires to assess sexual desire/arousal. We demonstrate that women had greater activation in higher-level and lower-level brain regions, compared to men. Indeed, women who had greater hypothalamic activation in response to sexual videos, reported higher psychometric scores in the evaluative (r = 0.55, P = 0.001), motivational (r = 0.56, P = 0.003), and physiological (r = 0.57, P = 0.0006) domains of sexual desire and arousal after watching the sexual videos in the scanner. By contrast, no similar correlations were observed in men. Taken together, this is the first direct comparison of the neural correlates of distressing low sexual desire between women and men. The data supports the ‘top-down’ theory of HSDD in women, whereas in men HSDD appears to be associated with different neurofunctional processes.
Arranged and non-arranged marriages have similar reproductive outcomes in Nepal
Authors: Agey Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Much of the evolutionary literature on mate choice presumes that individual mate preferences function to increase individual fitness, and this assumption has been confirmed in several experimental studies with animals. However, human mate choice, in many cultures, is heavily controlled by parents via arranged marriages, rather than the selection of the marrying individuals. Several studies have demonstrated that parents and offspring do not exhibit identical preferences for an in-law or spouse, respectively. If parental choice thwarts offspring’s evolved mate preferences from being expressed, then arranged marriages should reduce fitness. Using data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study, I examined whether having an arranged marriage, as compared to a non-arranged marriage, is associated with differences in total births, offspring survival to age 15, or interbirth intervals in Nepal, a culture with a rich history of arranged marriage. I find that there are no differences in any reproductive outcomes between arranged, co-selected, and self-selected marriages. These results indicate that individuals in arranged and non-arranged marriages may achieve similar fitness outcomes via different pathways, which may be unique to human mating systems.
The STING inhibitor (ISD-017) reduces glomerulonephritis in 129.B6.Fcgr2b-deficient mice
Authors: Alee Isara , Chantawichitwong Papasara , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Paludan Søren R. , Pisitkun Trairak , Pisitkun Prapaporn
Published: May 2024

The absence of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in 129.B6.Fcgr2b-deficient mice rescue lupus phenotypes. The administration of a STING inhibitor (ISD017) into the young 129.B6.Fcgr2b-deficient mice prevents lupus nephritis development. This study mainly aimed to evaluate the effects of STING inhibition (ISD107) on established SLE in mice to prove that ISD017 could be a good therapeutic drug to reverse the already set-up autoimmunity and kidney impairment. Twenty-four-week-old Fcgr2b-deficient mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, once per week), ISD017 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, three times per week), or control vehicle for 8 weeks, and were analyzed for phenotypes. Both ISD017 and cyclophosphamide treatment increased long-term survival and reduced the severity of glomerulonephritis in Fcgr2b-deficient mice. While cyclophosphamide reduced activated B cells (B220+GL-7+), ISD017 decreased activated T cells (CD4+CD69+) and neutrophils (Ly6c+Ly6g+) in Fcgr2b-deficient mice. In addition, ISD017 reduced IL-1β and interferon-inducible genes. In summary, ISD017 treatment in symptomatic 129.B6.Fcgr2b-deficient mice reduced the severity of glomerulonephritis and increased long-term survival. ISD017 worked comparably to cyclophosphamide for treating lupus nephritis in 129.B6.Fcgr2b-deficient mice. ISD017 reduced activated T cells and neutrophils, while cyclophosphamide targeted activated B cells. These results suggested that STING inhibitors can potentially be a new therapeutic drug for treating lupus.
Development of multiple input supply based modified SEPIC DC–DC converter for efficient management of DC microgrid
Authors: Reddy B. Nagi , Alsaif Faisal , Reddy Ch. Rami , Sunil Kumar Sunkara
Published: May 2024

The development of DC microgrids is reliant on multi-input converters, which offer several advantages, including enhanced DC power generation and consumption efficiency, simplified quality, and stability. This paper describes the development of a multiple input supply based modified SEPIC DC–DC Converter for efficient management of DC microgrid that is powered by two DC sources. Here Multi-Input SEPIC converter offers both versatility in handling output voltage ranges and efficiency in power flow, even under challenging operating conditions like lower duty cycle values. These features contribute to the converter's effectiveness in managing power within a DC microgrid. In this configuration, the DC sources can supply energy to the load together or separately, depending on how the power switches operate. The detailed working states with equivalent circuit diagrams and theoretical waveforms, under steady-state conditions, are shown along with the current direction equations. This paper also demonstrates the typical analysis of large-signal, small-signal, steady-state modeling techniques and detailed design equations. The proposed configuration is validated through the conceptual examination using theoretical and comprehensive MATLAB simulation results. Detailed performance analysis has been done for different cases with various duty ratios. Finally, to show the competitiveness, the multi-input SEPIC topology is compared with similar recent converters.
Bacteria inhabiting spider webs enhance host silk extensibility
Authors: Tsiareshyna Maryia , Wang Te-Hsin , Lin Ying-Sheng , Piorkowski Dakota , Huang Sammi Yen-Ting , Huang Yi-Lun , Chao Wei-Ting , Chang Yuan Jay , Liao Chen-Pan , Wang Pi-Han , Tso I-Min
Published: May 2024

Spider silk is a promising material with great potential in biomedical applications due to its incredible mechanical properties and resistance to degradation of commercially available bacterial strains. However, little is known about the bacterial communities that may inhabit spider webs and how these microorganisms interact with spider silk. In this study, we exposed two exopolysaccharide-secreting bacteria, isolated from webs of an orb spider, to major ampullate (MA) silk from host spiders. The naturally occurring lipid and glycoprotein surface layers of MA silk were experimentally removed to further probe the interaction between bacteria and silk. Extensibility of major ampullate silk produced by Triconephila clavata that was exposed to either Microbacterium sp. or Novosphigobium sp. was significantly higher than that of silk that was not exposed to bacteria (differed by 58.7%). This strain-enhancing effect was not observed when the lipid and glycoprotein surface layers of MA silks were removed. The presence of exopolysaccharides was detected through NMR from MA silks exposed to these two bacteria but not from those without exposure. Here we report for the first time that exopolysaccharide-secreting bacteria inhabiting spider webs can enhance extensibility of host MA silks and silk surface layers play a vital role in mediating such effects.
On the evidence of helico-spiralling recirculation within coherent cores of eddies using Lagrangian approach
Authors: Deogharia Rahul , Gupta Hitesh , Sil Sourav , Gangopadhyay Avijit , Shee Abhijit
Published: May 2024

Oceanic eddies exhibit remarkable coherence and longevity compared to other transient features in the surrounding flow. They possess the ability to transport properties over extensive distances while maintaining their material identity intact. The Lagrangian Coherent Structure (LCS) framework has proven effective in capturing these coherent eddies, where they display a solid-body-like rotation. Although various LCS approaches have been employed to investigate different facets of coherent eddies, a comprehensive understanding of their three-dimensional structures and internal dynamics remains elusive. This study aims to advance our comprehension of coherent eddies’ structural characteristics and delve into the precise nature of their internal dynamics by utilizing the Lagrangian Averaged Vorticity Deviation approach. Two eddies, one cyclonic and the other anti-cyclonic, were chosen from a high-resolution simulation carried out in the Bay of Bengal using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The findings unveil that these eddies have three-dimensional coherent cores resembling gently tapered cones that are broader at the surface and gradually narrow towards the bottom. Intriguingly, the dynamically coherent core of these eddies exhibits simultaneous upwelling and downwelling while maintaining their volumes during advection due to persistent material coherence. The three-dimensional trajectories followed by the fluid parcels inside the coherent core are helical. Their two-dimensional horizontal projections show alternating spiral bands of upwelling and downwelling which are the manifestations of Vortex Rossby Waves. These observations lead to a conceptual framework of a three-dimensional helico-spiralling recirculation pattern within the coherent cores of eddies.
Aluminium Chloride instead of Ferric chloride for inducing superior sagittal sinus thrombosis to reduce ferromagnetic artifacts on MRI-imaging in experimental models
Authors: Hachenberger Maaike , Braun Tobias , Gerner Stefan T. , Suenner Laura , Schänzer Anne , Juenemann Martin , Mueller Clemens , Wietelmann Astrid , Stolz Erwin , Schoenburg Markus , Tschernatsch Marlene , Gerriets Tibo , Huttner Hagen B. , Yeniguen Mesut
Published: May 2024

Using ferric chloride (FeCl3) to induce experimental superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis might interfere with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assisted visualization and evaluation of the thrombus, the brain parenchyma, and the quality of the occlusion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced thrombosis of the SSS has comparable properties to those of FeCl3 without causing artifacts in MRI. SSS thrombosis was induced in 14 male Wistar rats by exposure of the SSS and subsequent topical application of a filter paper strip soaked in AlCl3 (n = 7) or FeCl3 (n = 7) over a period of 15 min. The animals with AlCl3-induced SSS thrombosis showed a constant and complete occlusion with in histological analysis large thrombi. Blood flow measurements indicated a significant reduction on the first and seventh postoperative day compared to preoperative measurements. MRI enabled visualization and subsequent evaluation of the thrombus and the surrounding parenchyma. In comparison, FeCl3-induced SSS thrombosis could not be evaluated by MRI due to artifacts caused by the paramagnetic properties and increased susceptibility of FeCl3. The occluded sinus and the surrounding area appeared hypointense. The quality of SSS occlusion by AlCl3 was comparable to that of FeCl3. AlCl3 therefore represents a significant alternative substance in experimental SSS thrombosis ideally suited for studies using MRI.
Unexpected HCHO transnational transport: influence on the temporal and spatial distribution of HCHO in Tibet from 2013 to 2021 based on satellite
Authors: Xu Yizhou , Su Wenjing , Hu Qihou , Zhang Chengxin , Javed Zeeshan , Tian Yuan , Hou Hongri , Liu Cheng
Published: May 2024

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a serious hazardous air pollutant and crucial precursor of PM2.5 and ozone compound pollution. There has been a dearth of HCHO research in Tibet where pressing need to protect the unique ecosystem. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution of HCHO from 2013 to 2021 and identify its influencing factors using satellite observations. Our findings reveal a noteworthy annual growth rate of 2.25% yr−1 in HCHO vertical column density (VCD) in Tibet. This rate is comparable to that in India and even surpasses levels observed in many other regions worldwide, including eastern China. Furthermore, unlike other areas, the eastern region of Tibet exhibits no discernible seasonal pattern in HCHO VCD. The anomalous variation in HCHO concentrations in Tibet can primarily be attributed to long-distance transnational transport originating from incomplete combustion in India Assam. Our research underscores the urgent need for enhanced atmospheric environmental management in Tibet.
Multi-isotope reconstruction of Late Pleistocene large-herbivore biogeography and mobility patterns in Central Europe
Authors: Heddell-Stevens Phoebe , Jöris Olaf , Britton Kate , Matthies Tim , Lucas Mary , Scott Erin , Le Roux Petrus , Meller Harald , Roberts Patrick
Published: May 2024

Interpretations of Late Pleistocene hominin adaptative capacities by archaeologists have focused heavily on their exploitation of certain prey and documented contemporary behaviours for these species. However, we cannot assume that animal prey-taxa ecology and ethology were the same in the past as in the present, or were constant over archaeological timescales. Sequential isotope analysis of herbivore teeth has emerged as a particularly powerful method of directly reconstructing diet, ecology and mobility patterns on sub-annual scales. Here, we apply87Sr/86Sr isotope analysis, in combination with δ18O and δ13C isotope analysis, to sequentially sampled tooth enamel of prevalent herbivore species that populated Europe during the Last Glacial Period, includingRangifer tarandus,Equussp. andMammuthus primigenius. Our samples come from two open-air archaeological sites in Central Germany, Königsaue and Breitenbach, associated with Middle Palaeolithic and early Upper Palaeolithic cultures, respectively. We identify potential inter- and intra-species differences in range size and movement through time, contextualised through insights into diet and the wider environment. However, homogeneous bioavailable87Sr/86Sr across large parts of the study region prevented the identification of specific migration routes. Finally, we discuss the possible influence of large-herbivore behaviour on hominin hunting decisions at the two sites.
The association between being breastfed in infancy and risks of cancer in adulthood—a UK Biobank study
Authors: Hameiri-Bowen Dan , Pedersen Dorthe C. , Jensen Britt W. , Aarestrup Julie , Rasmussen Kathleen M. , Baker Jennifer L. , Bjerregaard Lise G.
Published: May 2024

Background

Being breastfed has established benefits for infant health, but its long-term effects on adult diseases, including cancer, remain underexplored. We examined associations between being breastfed in infancy and the risks of common cancers.

Methods

Data from 339,115 participants (191,117 women) enrolled in the UK Biobank with self-reported breastfeeding data were linked to national cancer registries. Cox models estimated sex-specific hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between being breastfed (ever/never) and risks of overall cancer as well as common cancer sites.

Results

In total, 34,392 incident cancers (17,895 in women) were registered. The HR of overall cancer associated with being breastfed was 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.09) in women and 1.00 (95% CI 0.96–1-04) in men. In site-specific analysis being breastfed was associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer in women and a reduced risk of oesophageal cancer in men.

Discussion

We found that having been breastfed was associated with a marginally increased risk of adult cancer in women, but we found no evidence of an association in men. These findings should be viewed within the study limitations, and do not outweigh the many benefits that breastfeeding provides.
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Toxicity: Domoic Acid and Kainic Acid (Glutamic Acid Analogs)
Authors: Pope E. K. , Bigelow L. J. , Bernard P. B.
Published: May 2024

Glutamate is one of the most important compounds within the body, well-known for its role as an excitatory neurotransmitter. Given the importance of glutamate within not only the central nervous system but also various other biochemical processes, the study of glutamatergic neurotransmission has garnered well-deserved attention throughout the scientific community. Most notably, the use of natural analogs of glutamate, such as domoic acid and kainic acid, has significantly improved our understanding of the mechanism of glutamate function. Our increased knowledge of glutamate has subsequently allowed for significant advances in understanding the etiology of various diseases, which is a necessary step in the development of more effective treatments. With the seemingly endless functions of glutamate, the study of glutamate analogs will continue to advance our knowledge of glutamatergic neurotransmission and its role in numerous adverse health conditions.
GABAergic Neurotransmission and Toxicity 3: Isoxazolines
Authors: Woodward Kevin N.
Published: May 2024

The isoxazolines are a series of antiparasitic substances containing a modified isoxazoline ring system. They are typified by fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and lotilaner and are most often formulated as chewable tablets for the control of fleas and ticks on companion animals. Fluralaner is also authorised in some jurisdictions for the treatment of mites on chickens. These substances are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels (GABACls) and are non-competitive GABA receptor antagonists, which activate electrophysiological disruption of the nervous systems in parasites, ultimately resulting in death. The available data suggest that these drugs have excellent safety profiles in veterinary patients, even at multiples of the recommended therapeutic doses. The results of conventional toxicity tests are lacking, but the data from regulatory sources indicate a low order of toxicity. Pharmacovigilance data suggest that neurotoxicity, particularly ataxia and convulsions in dogs, may be related to exposure to these substances. However, it is not clear if a GABA target is involved or, indeed, if the background frequency of convulsions is higher than or comparable to the background frequency in the canine population.
Can P3S and C3S monolayers be used as anode materials in metal-ion batteries? An answer from first-principles study
Authors: Chowdhury Somnath , Sarkar Pranab , Gupta Bikash Chandra
Published: May 2024

With the urgent need for efficient energy storage devices, significant attention has been directed to researching and developing promising anode materials for metal-ion batteries.
Solvent effects on carbohydrate transformation: insights into chemical pathway modulation
Authors: Sun Yaxu , Tong Zhihan , Yu Yanyan , Cheng Wanke , Li Yilin , Zeng Suqing , Lou Yuhan , Liu Yongzhuang , Xia Qinqin , Yu Haipeng
Published: May 2024

Solvent effects are pivotal steps in carbohydrate utilization by modulating solute-solvent interactions.
Facile fabrication of novel efficient NiCo2O4@NiAl-LDH/NF and high electrochemical performance Fe2O3@rGO electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Xiaoxuan , Tan Wenwen , Jiang Zao , Hao Yu , Wang Yong , Ye Jingyi , Feng Qi , Xu Longjun , Liu Chenglun
Published: May 2024

A hybrid supercapacitor demonstrated an impressive energy density of 107.3 W h kg−1 and a power density of 1008.3 W kg−1.
Colorimetric aptasensor based on temporally controllable light-stimulated oxidase-mimicking fluorescein for the sensitive detection of exosomes in mild conditions
Authors: Zheng Li-e , Huang Min , Liu Yiyang , Bao Qiufang , Huang Yuxiu , Ye Yuhong , Liu Mengmeng , Sun Pengming
Published: May 2024

A colorimetric aptasensor for exosome detection under LED light.
One-pot synthesis of PdAuAg nanocrystals for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol: achieving morphology control by independently adjusting metal-atom concentrations
Authors: Wu Quanlin , Min Yuanyuan , Yang Yunchi , Wang Yingying , Ma Yanyun , Zheng Yiqun
Published: May 2024

Versatile morphology control over PdAuAg nanocrystals is realized by introducing the three metallic precursor solutions at independently-controlled rates, which exhibit exceptional performance as EOR electrocatalysts.
2D hexagonal CuGaSe2 nanosheets by a microwave assisted synthesis method: photoresponse and optical study for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Priyadarshini P. , Senapati S. , Kumar Prabhukrupa C. , Alagarasan D. , Sahu Rojalin , Naik R.
Published: May 2024

CuGaSe2 hexagonal nanosheets have been synthesized by microwave irradiation through varying irradiation times at constant power. The photocurrent enhanced with an increase in irradiation with the confirmation of ohmic behavior.
A self-assembled metal–organic framework for enhanced UO22+ fluorescence sensing: integration of an octa-nuclear zinc cluster with hexakis(4-carboxyphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene
Authors: Chen Xi , Chen Zi-tong , Xu Shi-xian , Chen Yuan , Tong Jia-ping , Li Bao
Published: May 2024

A novel photoactive Zn-MOF was successfully synthesised by introducing a flexible cyclotriphosphonitrile hexacarboxylic acid, which achieves a sensitive fluorescence quenching response to radioactive UO22+ ions and the heavy metal Fe3+.
A computational study of the negative LiIn modified anode and its interaction with β-Li3PS4 solid–electrolyte for battery applications
Authors: Marana Naiara Leticia , Silveri Fabrizio , de Oliveira Gomes Eduardo , Donà Lorenzo , D'Amore Maddalena , Ascrizzi Eleonora , Sgroi Mauro Francesco , Maschio Lorenzo , Ferrari Anna Maria
Published: May 2024

DFT was applied to study the LiIn surfaces' formation and structural stability in interfaces with β-Li3PS4. The stable interfaces established with the β-Li3PS4 featured favorable adhesion energy, low strain energy, and little reconstruction.
Dual functionality of the BiN monolayer: unraveling its photocatalytic and piezocatalytic water splitting properties
Authors: Takhar Devender , Birajdar Balaji , Ghosh Ram Krishna
Published: May 2024

Dual functional BiN catalyst for water splitting.
Self-assembly of choline-based surface-active ionic liquids and concentration-dependent enhancement in the enzymatic activity of cellulase in aqueous medium
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Singh Gurbir , Kaur Harmandeep , Muskan  , Kumar Sugam , Aswal Vinod Kumar , Kang Tejwant Singh
Published: May 2024

Self-assembly of choline-based SAILs was investigated. The enzymatic activity of cellulase in aqueous solutions of the SAILs was found to be 4- to 13-fold higher compared to that observed in buffer depending on the type and concentration of the SAIL.
Alpha-metalated N,N-dimethylbenzylamine rare-earth metal complexes and their catalytic applications
Authors: Rina Yesmin Akter , Schmidt Joseph A. R.
Published: May 2024

Alpha-metalated N,N-dimethylbenzylamine rare-earth metal complexes have proven highly versatile for phosphine addition and dehydrogenative coupling reactions.
Coordination of azol(in)ium dithiocarboxylate ligands to Au(iii): unexpected formation of a novel family of cyclometallated Au(iii) complexes, DFT calculations and catalytic studies
Authors: Pérez-Ramos Paula , Mateo María A. , Elorriaga David , García-Vivó Daniel , Soengas Raquel G. , Rodríguez-Solla Humberto
Published: May 2024

We describe the preparation and characterization of novel Au(iii) cyclometallated κ1S-azoli(ni)um-2-dithiocarboxylatecomplexes and their rearrangement to Au(iii) biscyclometallated κ2-S,S′-azoli(ni)um-2-(methoxy)methanedithiolate complexes.
Minimizing biological sludge generation in a sidestream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) system: full-scale evaluation and modeling insights
Authors: Morello Raffaele , Di Capua Francesco , Farmer McKenna , Dunlap Patrick , Qin Cindy Dongqi , Kozak Joseph A. , Spasiano Danilo , Sabba Fabrizio
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates sewage sludge production in real-scale and models sidestream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) systems under various mixing, organic feeding, and solids retention time (SRT) conditions.
Efficient removal of piperazine by catalytic wet air oxidation using RuNiCe/γ-Al2O3-activated carbon
Authors: Zheng Quanhui , Ren Kaiwen , Qin Lin , Wang Xin , Ma Jianchao
Published: May 2024

The RuNiCe/AAC catalyst represents an efficacious solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater, particularly in instances where the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) is elevated.
Recovery of crystalline silicon from waste solar cells by a green deep eutectic solvent–hydrogen peroxide system
Authors: Yang Ruying , Zhu Nengwu , Xi Yunhao , Gao Sunjuanzi , Wu Pingxiao , Dang Zhi
Published: May 2024

A new ChCl–OA–H2O2 strategy was proposed to recover silicon from solar cells with high metal leaching efficiency with higher acidity and lower activation energy, which provided purity and retention rate for Si of 97.47 and 99.41%, respectively.
Efficient and selective electrosynthesis of adiponitrile by electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile over a bismuth nanosheet modified electrode
Authors: Su Jia-Sheng , Huang Shih-Ching , Tsai Ming-Chi , Yen Chia-Hui , Lin Chia-Yu
Published: May 2024

The developed bismuth nanosheet electrode was explored for the first time, to exhibit high-performance toward the electrosynthesis of ADN, making it a promising alternative to the toxic electrode materials currently used in industrial ADN production.
Quantitative accuracy assessment of trace elements and halogens in apatite by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
Authors: Wang Meng-Qin , Cai Ke-Da , Li Zhan-Ping , Guo Chong
Published: May 2024

The first quantitative accuracy assessment of trace elements and halogens in apatite measured by TOF-SIMS.
Emulation and evaluation of tumor cell combined chemotherapy in isotropic/anisotropic collagen fiber microenvironments
Authors: Zhou Lianjie , Li Guoqiang , Yao Jingru , Wang Jing , Yao Xiyao , Ye Zhikai , Zheng Dongtian , Song Kena , Zhang Hongfei , Zhang Xianquan , Shuai Jianwei , Ye Fangfu , Li Ming , Li Yufeng , Chen Guo , Cheng Yuyan , Liu He , Shaw Peter , Liu Liyu
Published: May 2024

The microfluidic system emulating isotropic/anisotropic collagen fiber microenvironments provides a quantitative chemotherapy evaluation platform for early-stage and late-stage breast cancer.
Ex situ poly-DOL coatings for lithium metal protection
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Ketabi Sanaz , Ferreira Manuela , Xiao Xingcheng , Dai Fang , Cai Mei
Published: May 2024

Schematic illustration of the poly-DOL coating layer developed through an ex situ method to improve lithium metal cycling performance in ether and carbonate electrolytes.
Perspective on the development and application of ionic polymer metal composites: from actuators to multifunctional sensors
Authors: Tang Gangqiang , Zhao Xin , Mei Dong , Zhao Chun , Wang Yanjie
Published: May 2024

This perspective discusses the development of IPMC matrixes and their applications, from actuating to multifunctional sensing.
Formation of plasmonic core/shell nanorods through ammonia-mediated dissolution of silver(i)oxide for ammonia monitoring
Authors: Ghorbanian Elahe , Ghasemi Forough , Tavabe Kamran Rezaei , Alizadeh Sabet Hamid Reza
Published: May 2024

Formation of plasmonic core/shell nanorods through the dissolution of silver(i)oxide by ammonia provides a label-free, rapid, and user-friendly safety light for on-site ammonia monitoring.
Ascorbic acid in vanadium biochemistry, pharmacology and detoxification
Authors: Baran Enrique J.
Published: May 2024

The most important aspects of the chemistry and structure of l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) will be presented.
Functionalized tails influence photoluminescence emissions for advanced applications in the fiel of time-resolved information input and erasure
Authors: Huang Haowen , Cao Yasong , Zhao Zhonghua , Xu Jiatong , Zeng Cheng , Shen Richao , Lv Jiawei , Lei Ziqiang , Ma Hengchang
Published: May 2024

The study of small organic molecules that have different molecular structures with the same luminescent core, which produces fluorescence, phosphorescence or delayed fluorescence, is fascinating.
Biomarker-triggered, spatiotemporal controlled DNA nanodevice simultaneous assembly and disassembly
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Fang Yi , Wang Xuyang , Wang Lei , Chu Yujuan , Wang Wenxiao
Published: May 2024

A versatile technique that enabled simultaneous assembly and disassembly of homogeneous DNA nanodevices was reported. The DNA nanodevices assembly and disassembly process can realize the sequential detection and imaging of a variety of intracellular biomarkers.
When transition-metal catalysis meets electrosynthesis: a recent update
Authors: Lian Fei , Li Jiu-Ling , Xu Kun
Published: May 2024

The merger of organic electrosynthesis with 3d transition-metal catalysis has offered huge opportunities for modern organic synthesis. This review summarizes the key advancements in this direction published in the recent two years.
Cell-resistant wavelength-shifting molecular beacons made of l-DNA and a clickable l-configured uridine
Authors: Lang Fabian , Rönicke Franziska , Wagenknecht Hans-Achim
Published: May 2024

Molecular beacons prepared from l-configured building blocks using a two-fold click chemistry for dye modification show a temperature-induced fluorescence color readout.
Pd11Ni11Pt2 nanoparticles with three-phase surface enrichment for facilitating electrooxidation of ethanol and ethylene glycol
Authors: Zhang Junming , Chen Yao , Zhang Xiaojie , Xu Xianchen , Ma Xiongfeng , Fan Youjun , Zhao Chaoyue , Xiao He , Zhao Man , Hu Tianjun , Lv Baoliang , Luo Ergui , Jia Jianfeng
Published: May 2024

Rational surface/interface engineering of Pd-based materials plays an extremely important role in boosting the electrooxidation of liquid fuels.
Catalytic performance of modified carbon black on methane decomposition for hydrogen production
Authors: Zhou Niuhu , Zhao Donglin , Su Qin , Li Qiongguang , Zha Weiwei , Feng Shaojie
Published: May 2024

Heat treatment changes the carbon structure, increasing the degree of graphitization and defects. Methane molecules gradually decompose at the graphitized edges of the carbon material (BAY clusters) to form ordered carbon and hydrogen.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of porous TiO2 containing C/P/K derived from grapefruit peel
Authors: Wu Ruixiang , Liu Wenhua , Bai Renao , Tian Xiufang , Lin Weikai , Li Lejian , Ke Qianwei
Published: May 2024

This study presents a method for synthesizing high-efficiency photocatalysts by using grapefruit peel to create porous TiO2 containing C, P, and K. innovating photocatalytic material preparation.
A comparison of carbon dot and CdTe quantum dot toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chahal Shawninder , Macairan Jun-Ray , Bui Hoai-Nam N. , Smith Anthony , Larsson Hans C. E. , Naccache Rafik , Tufenkji Nathalie
Published: May 2024

This work directly compares the toxicity of carbon dots with CdTe quantum dots in Drosophila melanogaster and reveals that the carbon dots are less toxic than the CdTe quantum dots.
YOLO‐DFT: An object detection method based on cloud data fusion and transfer learning for power system equipment maintenance
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Xu , Sun Yifan , Xu Tianyi , Li Jiqiao , Cao Song
Published: May 2024

Object detection techniques have been widely used in power system equipment maintenance. However, in power systems, the accuracy of object detection is limited by the scarcity of publicly available datasets and the lack of scene pertinence. In order to solve these problems, an object detection method based on cloud data fusion and transfer learning (YOLO‐DFT) for power system equipment maintenance is proposed. Illustratively, YOLO‐DFT focuses on the object detection task involving birds and humans, generating a substantial and resilient human‐bird dataset through cloud‐based data fusion to compensate for the dearth of public datasets in the power system domain. By seamlessly integrating the YOLOv5 algorithm with a transfer learning strategy, a targeted detection mechanism for specific locations is meticulously formulated. The experimental results demonstrate that YOLO‐DFT effectively addresses object detection challenges in power systems, achieving a Mean Average Precision (MAP) measure of 0.925 across all classes, thereby providing a valuable reference for the maintenance of power system equipment.
Enhanced LSTM‐DQN algorithm for a two‐player zero‐sum game in three‐dimensional space
Authors: Lu Bo , Ru Le , Lv Maolong , Hu Shiguang , Zhang Hongguo , Zhao Zilong
Published: May 2024

To tackle the challenges presented by the two‐player zero sum game (TZSG) in three‐dimensional space, this study introduces an enhanced deep Q‐learning (DQN) algorithm that utilizes long short term memory (LSTM) network. The primary objective of this algorithm is to enhance the temporal correlation of the TZSG in three‐dimensional space. Additionally, it incorporates the hindsight experience replay (HER) mechanism to improve the learning efficiency of the network and mitigate the issue of the “sparse reward” that arises from prolonged training of intelligence in solving the TZSG in the three‐dimensional. Furthermore, this method enhances the convergence and stability of the overall solution.An intelligent training environment centred around an airborne agent and its mutual pursuit interaction scenario was designed to proposed approach's effectiveness. The algorithm training and comparison results show that the LSTM‐DQN‐HER algorithm outperforms similar algorithm in solving the TZSG in three‐dimensional space. In conclusion, this paper presents an improved DQN algorithm based on LSTM and incorporates the HER mechanism to address the challenges posed by the TZSG in three‐dimensional space. The proposed algorithm enhances the solution's temporal correlation, learning efficiency, convergence, and stability. The simulation results confirm its superior performance in solving the TZSG in three‐dimensional space.
Research on cascaded multilevel converters for dual motor drive systems based on a nine‐switch converter
Authors: Wang Pan , Xu Hu , Yuan Lei
Published: May 2024

In order to address the issues of complexity, high cost, large volume, and low reliability associated with traditional H‐bridge cascaded converters when operating under high voltage, high capacity, and dual electric motor loads, the authors propose the utilisation of a nine‐switch converter as an alternative to the conventional H‐bridge converter for implementing cascaded multilevel converters in dual electric motor drive systems. After conducting an analysis and research on the topology and operational control strategy of cascaded multilevel converters based on the nine‐switch converter, a design is presented using six individual nine‐switch converter units to develop a cascaded multilevel converter capable of driving two 3 MW asynchronous electric motors at a 6 kV voltage level. Simulation verification is performed, and a scaled‐down prototype is built for experimental validation. The results demonstrate that, in comparison to traditional H‐bridge cascaded converters, the proposed cascaded multilevel converter can effectively drive dual electric motors at the same or different frequencies while reducing the number of switches to 1/4, the total transformer windings to 1/2, and Direct Current‐side capacitors to 1/6. This improvement enhances system reliability, portability, and load adaptability, thus offering increased versatility in dual electric motor drive applications.
Graph‐based solution for smart grid real‐time operation and control
Authors: Mohamed Ayman M. O. , El‐Shatshat Ramadan
Published: May 2024

Under the envisioned smart grid paradigm, there is an increasing demand for a fast, accurate, and efficient power flow solution for distribution system operation and control. Various solution techniques have been proposed, each with its own unique formulation, solution methodology, advantages, and drawbacks. Motivated by challenges associated with the integration of renewable distributed energy resources and electric vehicles into distribution systems and further by the speed and convergence limitations of existing tools, this paper presents a novel graph‐based power flow solution for smart grid's real‐time operation and control, named Flow‐AugmentationPF algorithm. The proposed method formulates a power flow problem as a network‐flow problem and solves it by using a maximum‐flow algorithm, inspired by the push‐relabel max‐flow technique. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested and validated using several benchmark networks of different sizes, topologies, and parameters and compared against the most commonly used solution techniques and commercial software packages, namely PSS/E and PSCAD. The proposed formulation is simple, accurate, fast, yet computationally efficient, as it is based on matrix‐vector multiplication, and is also scalable, considering the formulation works as a graph‐based method, which, inherently, allows for parallel computation for added computational speed.
Theoretical and experimental investigations on a compact TE11 mode bend for high‐power transmission line
Authors: Wang Keqiang , Li Hao , Li Tianming , He Chaoxiong
Published: May 2024

The oversized TE11 mode bend is able to make the transmission direction of electromagnetic wave to turn 90°, and it is one of the key components in the high‐power microwave system. The mode coupling characteristics between the TE11 and parasitic modes under two different polarisations in the bending waveguide are analysed, and it is found that the TE11 suffers less interferences from parasitic modes when its polarisation direction is perpendicular to the bending plane, and the corresponding 90° TE11 bend is easier to realise high performance. To verify this analysis, an oversized 90° TE11 bend waveguide working at 10 GHz is designed, and its structural length is only 7.5 times the central working wavelength. Simulated results indicate that its relative bandwidth is 15.6% when the transmission efficiency is over 98%, and its maximum power handling capacity reaches 5.6 GW at short microwave pulse duration (less than 100 ns). The S‐parameters indicate that its S21 is about −0.1 dB from 9.5 to 10.5 GHz, and its S11 is under −25 dB in the same frequency range. Meanwhile, the high power test indicates that the bend works stably when the injected power is 3 GW.
A systematic study of the ultra-fast outflow responses to luminosity variations in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Xu Yerong , Pinto Ciro , Rogantini Daniele , Barret Didier , Bianchi Stefano , Guainazzi Matteo , Ebrero Jacobo , Alston William , Kara Erin , Cusumano Giancarlo
Published: May 2024

Context. Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) have been revealed in a large number of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the past two decades. Their extreme velocities and high ionization states make them a promising candidate for AGN feedback on the evolution of the host galaxy. However, their exact underlying driving mechanism is not yet fully understood.

Aims. Given that the variability of UFOs may be used to distinguish among different launching mechanisms, we aim to search for and characterize the responses of the UFO properties to the variable irradiating luminosity.

Methods. We perform a high-resolution time- and flux-resolved spectroscopy of archival XMM-Newton observations on six highly accreting narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, selected by UFO detection and sufficient exposure times. The state-of-the-art methods of the blind Gaussian line scan and photoionization model scan are used to identify UFO solutions. We search for ionized winds and investigate the structure of ionized winds and their responses to the luminosity variations. The location, density, and kinetic energy of UFOs are estimated as well.

Results. The powerful photoionization model scan reveals three previously unreported UFOs in RE J1034+396, PG 1244+026 and I ZW 1 with a detection significance above 3σ, and two new warm absorbers (WAs) in RE J1034+396. Five out of six (83%) AGN in our sample host multi-phase ionized winds, where outflows in I ZW 1 are energy-conserved. The relatively low-ionization entrained UFOs are discovered in four (66%) AGN of our sample, supporting the shocked outflow interpretation for ionized winds in AGN. We notice that two out of seven (28%) UFOs in our sample seem to respond to the radiation field and three (43%) UFOs hint at a radiatively accelerated nature, requiring further observations. Combined with published works, we do not find any correlations between UFO responses and AGN properties except for a tentative (∼1.8σ) anti-correlation between the UFO acceleration and the Eddington ratio, to be confirmed by further observations and an enlarged sample. The kinetic energy of UFOs, mostly detected in soft X-rays, is found to have a large uncertainty. We, therefore, cannot conclude whether soft X-ray UFOs have sufficient energy to drive the AGN feedback, although they are very promising based on some reasonable assumptions. The primary UFO in I ZW 1 (detected in the hard X-ray) is the only case in our sample to possess conclusively sufficient energy to affect the host galaxy.
Observed seasonal changes in Martian hydrogen chloride explained by heterogeneous chemistry
Authors: Taysum Benjamin M. , Palmer Paul I. , Olsen Kevin , Luginin Mikhail , Ignatiev Nikolay , Trokhimovskiy Alexander , Shakun Alexey , Grigoriev Alexey V. , Montmessin Franck , Korablev Oleg
Published: May 2024

Aims. The aim of this work is to show that the seasonal changes and vertical distribution profiles of hydrogen chloride (HCl) on Mars, as observed by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, are consistent with the production of gas-phase chlorine atoms from airborne dust and a subsequent rapid uptake of HCl onto water ice particles.

Methods. A 1D photochemistry model was equipped with a chlorine reaction network and driven by dust, water ice, and water vapour profiles measured by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter instrumentation in Mars year 34. The release of Cl and O atoms from airborne dust via the hydration and photolysis of perchlorate within dust grains was parameterised using prior laboratory studies, and the heterogeneous uptake of chlorine species onto dust and water ice was included for processes known to occur in Earth’s atmosphere.

Results. Observed seasonal variations in Martian HCl are reproduced by the model, which yielded low HCl abundances (<1 ppbv) prior to the dust season that rise to 2–6 ppbv in southern latitudes during the dust season. Structured atmospheric layers that coincide with locations where water ice is absent are also produced. As a consequence of the Cl atoms released via our proposed mechanism, the atmospheric lifetime of methane is shortened by two orders of magnitude. This suggests that the production of Cl induced by the breakdown of hydrated perchlorate via UV radiation (or another electromagnetic radiation) in airborne Martian dust, consistent with observed profiles of HCl, could help reconcile reported variations in methane with photochemical models.