bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing nutrition in hepatic cirrhosis: A comprehensive assessment and care approach
Authors: Mendez-Guerrero Osvely , Carranza-Carrasco Anaisa , Chi-Cervera Luis Alberto , Torre Aldo , Navarro-Alvarez Nalu
Published: March 2024

Cirrhosis is considered a growing cause of morbidity and mortality, which represents a significant public health problem. Currently, there is no effective treatment to reverse cirrhosis. Treatment primarily centers on addressing the underlying liver condition, monitoring, and managing portal hypertension-related complications, and evaluating the potential for liver transplantation in cases of decompensated cirrhosis, marked by rapid progression and the emergence of complications like variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, malnutrition, and more. Malnutrition, a prevalent complication across all disease stages, is often underdiagnosed in cirrhosis due to the complexities of nutritional assessment in patients with fluid retention and/or obesity, despite its crucial impact on prognosis. Increasing emphasis has been placed on the collaboration of nutritionists within hepatology and Liver transplant teams to deliver comprehensive care, a practice that has shown to improve outcomes. This review covers appropriate screening and assessment methods for evaluating the nutritional status of this population, diagnostic approaches for malnutrition, and context-specific nutrition treatments. It also discusses evidence-based recommendations for supplementation and physical exercise, both essential elements of the standard care provided to cirrhotic patients.
Technological Basis Of The Public Administration System
Authors: KHYTRA Olena
Published: March 2024

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Basketbol Hakemlerinde Yaşam Doyumu, Öz Yeterlik ve İş Tatmini
Authors: Oğuz Ahmet Gürsel
Published: March 2024

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Myocardial infarction in young patients. Is everything so obvious?
Authors: Zykov M. V. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: March 2024

The review is devoted to the analysis of literature data on the features of the course, diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction at a young age. Despite the relevance of the problem of myocardial infarction in young people, there is no specific approach to the management and examination of such patients in current clinical guidelines. Literature search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science from 1990 to 2023 for all studies with the keywords “myocardial infarction and young age”, “atherosclerosis and young age”, “atherothrombosis and young age”. An analysis of all available clinical recommendations of leading specialized societies in the field of cardiology, hematology, and angiology was also carried out. The presented review is not systematic view of the specifics of the subject, its breadth, as well as the task set – to expand the clinical thinking of the doctor. It is undeniable that primary prevention of myocardial infarction is more effective. Given the annual increase in the number of myocardial infarctions at a young age, it is necessary to create a special tool for risk stratification in young patients, since there is no such tool in the clinical guidelines. Despite the greater contribution of non-atherogenic causes to the development of myocardial infarction in young patients, atherosclerosis is still the main cause of its development. The authors of the review confirm the fact that there is currently no specially developed algorithm for managing patients with myocardial infarction at a young age, based on the identification of a number of traditional and non-traditional risk factors, on enhanced rehabilitation measures. All these positions are currently formulated in the aims and objectives of a special sevenyear study of myocardial infarction in young patients planned at our institute.
Eurasian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (2023)
Authors: Chazova I. E. , Martynyuk T. V. , Shmalts A. A. , Gramovich V. V. , Danilov N. M. , Veselova T. N. , Korobkova I. Z. , Sarybaev A. Sh. , Stukalova O. V. , Azizov V. A. , Barbarash O. L. , Galyavich A. S. , Gorbachevsky S. V. , Medvedeva E. A. , Matchin Yu. G. , Mukarov M. A. , Nakonechnikov S. N. , Filippov E. V. , Chernogrivov I. E.
Published: March 2024

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Do Industries and Corporations of this Generation Align with the Thoughts of Milton Friedman on Corporate Social Responsibility?
Authors: M. Billings KaJuan
Published: March 2024

This research paper delves into the alignment of modern corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices with Milton Friedman's theory that a corporation's primary responsibility is profit maximization for its shareholders. It examines the pharmaceutical, banking, and food and beverage sectors to assess Friedman's theory's relevance in the current business environment. Contrary to Friedman's 20th-century view that dismissed broader CSR obligations, the 21st century has witnessed a shift towards recognizing corporate duties toward society, the environment, and a broader stakeholder group. The study scrutinizes how these sectors balance profit goals with social responsibility, including sustainable investing, responsible lending, sustainable sourcing, waste management, and nutritional transparency. Employing a mixed-method approach with data from corporate reports and sustainability indices, preliminary findings indicate a spectrum of adherence to Friedman’s profit- centric model versus a comprehensive CSR approach. Results show that while profitability remains central, many corporations have integrated CSR into their business models to varying degrees, influenced by a complex mix of factors. This nuanced exploration provides insights into the evolving nature of CSR, offering a critical perspective on Friedman's relevance today and the degree to which corporations have embraced broader social responsibilities. It lays the groundwork for future research on the interplay between corporate profitability, shareholder value, and social responsibility, contributing valuable information for stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers interested in corporate ethics and sustainability.
Robotic Process Automation in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Anitha R. , Abinaya S. , Laavanya S. , Gayanthika M.
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the symbiotic relationship between Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) and their collective impact on streamlining and optimizing various business processes. We delve into the integration of AI technologies, such as machine learning and natural language processing, with Robotic Process Automation to create intelligent automation solutions. Furthermore, it examines how the infusion of Artificial Intelligence into RPA empowers systems to adapt and learn, fostering adaptability and agility within organizations. The abstract concludes by highlighting the potential benefits, challenges, and future prospects of this amalgamation, emphasizing the transformative impact on businesses in the era of intelligent automation.
Insurechain : Empowering You with Block Chain Insurance
Authors: Akhade Kalyani , Pansare Nisarg , Parjane Kalyani , Pathak Neha , Patil Pranoti
Published: March 2024

The integration of blockchain technology into health insurance represents a transformation towards a secure, efficient, and patient-centered system. This content introduces a novel approach to insurance by utilizing blockchain data distribution, smart contracts, and privacy measures. The primary objective is to enhance application efficiency while safeguarding health information. The system operates on a permissioned blockchain network and employs smart contracts to enforce rules and ensure the verification process. The decentralized nature of blockchain guarantees data integrity, fraud prevention, and preserves patient privacy through encryption technology. Collaboration is facilitated through information systems that enable effective communication among stakeholders. Proof of concept demonstrates superior data security, accelerated data processing, and increased patient control over medical data. These findings underscore the immense potential of blockchain to revolutionize health insurance in alignment with the global trend towards digital transformation and patient empowerment.
Development and Sensory Quality of Rice Base Candy Supplemented with Mushroom and Walnut Flour
Authors: Nath Abhay , Singh Neetu , Nanda Alka
Published: March 2024

An attempt was made to create a rice-based candy that also contained dry mushroom and walnut powder in order to create a Nutri play candy for the teenage population that is unable to obtain the necessary nutrition value from their food on a regular basis. Only sugar syrup was added during the manufacture of the other candies. On the basis of the sensory characteristics of the sample (measured on a 9-point hedonic scale), the process parameters of sugar concentration, temperature, heating time, and texture were examined. The ideal solid candy needs to be processed at 115 °C for 7 minutes at 9% rice powder content. Similarly, after carrying out the same experiment with rice-based candy, it was discovered that utilizing 40% raw sugar, processing at 115 degrees Celsius for 7 minutes, was the optimal combination for its manufacture. Investigations were also conducted into the sensory aspects of the final product and the three factors (Jain el al., 2000). Analysis was done on the samples' changes in sugar content and nutritional value as a function of temperature, heating duration, and sugar concentration. Candy was accepted or liked on the basis of sensory evaluation as it was rated between 7-9 .The candy's nutritional value increases by adding mushroom and walnut flour. As it fulfill the basic protein and energy requirement as well as PUFA and MUFA of teenage group. Candy is the acceptable form which is easily consumed or accepted by teenage. Confection made of rice was determined to conform with FSSAI standards.
Prediction of Crop Compliant System Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Babu A. Sudhir , Yoditha Ch. , Navya G.
Published: March 2024

Machine learning techniques are used to analyze agriculture production using the Agriculture Production dataset. Crop compliant prediction, essential for informed agricultural decisions, relies on factors such as weather conditions and crop management practices. Through analysis of the dataset, various machine learning models are applied to provide insights crucial for farmers and agricultural stakeholders. These insights aid in crop selection and farming practices, optimizing decisions based on climatic conditions and soil characteristics. The trained model facilitates crop prediction and recommendation, mitigating financial risks for farmers and promoting optimal crop yields.
A Survey Paper On: Uplifting Farmers with Mobile Applications: An Overview of Modern Agricultural Utilities
Authors: Firame Swati , Dhamale Aditya , Yerme Ankita , Kote Kalpita , Shinde Shital
Published: March 2024

Indian agriculture although it forms the foundation of the nation’s economy, the sector nevertheless faces a number of challenges. One of the major problems is that farmers lack access to markets and knowledge. Therefore, a mobile app may be essential in resolving this problem. The design and development of this software are intended to address the challenges faced by Indian farmers while purchasing seeds and fertilizer. An Android-based application powers it. In this paper, we look at the agricultural technology options that are already available, think about the challenges that Indian farmers face, and highlight some potential benefits from this Android app. An androidbased approach that could fundamentally alter how Indian farmers get seeds, fertilizer, and essential agricultural knowledge is provided in this paper. The ”App- Based Implementation of Modern Agriculture Utilities in Android” intends to close the technological and agricultural gap between conventional farming methods. by giving farmers simple access to essential resources and equipment via their smartphones.
Remarkably Compact Quiescent Candidates at 3 < z < 5 in JWST-CEERS
Authors: Wright Lillian , Whitaker Katherine E. , Weaver John R. , Cutler Sam E. , Wang 王 Bingjie 冰洁 , Carnall Adam , Suess Katherine A. , Bezanson Rachel , Nelson Erica , Miller Tim B. , Ito Kei , Valentino Francesco
Published: March 2024

In this Letter, we measure the rest-frame optical and near-infrared sizes of 10 quiescent candidates at 3 < z < 5, first reported by Carnall et al. We use James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera F277W and F444W imaging obtained through the public CEERS Early Release Science program and imcascade, an astronomical fitting code that utilizes multi-Gaussian expansion, to carry out our size measurements. When compared to the extrapolation of rest-optical size–mass relations for quiescent galaxies at lower redshift, 8 out of 10 candidates in our sample (80%) are on average more compact by ∼40%. A total of 7 out of 10 candidates (70%) exhibit rest-frame infrared sizes ∼10% smaller than rest-frame optical sizes, indicative of negative color gradients. Two candidates (20%) have rest-frame infrared sizes ∼1.4× larger than rest-frame optical sizes; one of these candidates exhibits signs of ongoing or residual star formation, suggesting this galaxy may not be fully quenched. The remaining candidate is unresolved in both filters, which may indicate an active galactic nucleus. Strikingly, we observe three of the most massive galaxies in the sample (log(M
⋆/M
⊙) = 10.74–10.95) are extremely compact, with effective radii ∼0.7 kpc. Our findings provide no indication that the size evolution relation flattens out, and may indicate that the size evolution of quiescent galaxies is steeper than previously anticipated beyond z > 3.
Modeling Ion Acceleration and Transport in Corotating Interaction Regions: The Mass-to-charge Ratio Dependence of the Particle Spectrum
Authors: Ding Zheyi , Li Gang , Wijsen Nicolas , Poedts Stefaan , Yao Shuo
Published: March 2024

We investigate the role of perpendicular diffusion in shaping the energetic ion spectrum in corotating interaction regions (CIRs), focusing on its mass-to-charge (A/Q) ratio dependence. We simulate a synthetic CIR using the EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset and model the subsequent ion acceleration and transport by solving the focused transport equation incorporating both parallel and perpendicular diffusion. Our results reveal distinct differences in ion spectra between scenarios with and without perpendicular diffusion. In the absence of perpendicular diffusion, ion spectra near CIRs show a strong (A/Q)
ϵ
dependence with ϵ depending on the turbulence spectral index, agreeing with theoretical predictions. In contrast, the incorporation of perpendicular diffusion, characterized by a weak A/Q dependence, leads to similar spectra for different ion species. This qualitatively agrees with observations of energetic particles in CIRs.
X-Ray Diagnostics of Cassiopeia A’s “Green Monster”: Evidence for Dense Shocked Circumstellar Plasma
Authors: Vink Jacco , Agarwal Manan , Slane Patrick , De Looze Ilse , Milisavljevic Dan , Patnaude Daniel , Temim Tea
Published: March 2024

The recent survey of the core-collapse supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) with the MIRI instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) revealed a large structure in the interior region, referred to as the “Green Monster.” Although its location suggests that it is an ejecta structure, the infrared properties of the “Green Monster” hint at a circumstellar medium (CSM) origin. In this companion paper to the JWST Cas A paper, we investigate the filamentary X-ray structures associated with the “Green Monster” using Chandra X-ray Observatory data. We extracted spectra along the “Green Monster” as well as from shocked CSM regions. Both the extracted spectra and a principal component analysis show that the “Green Monster” emission properties are similar to those of the shocked CSM. The spectra are well fit by a model consisting of a combination of a nonequilibrium ionization model and a power-law component, modified by Galactic absorption. All the “Green Monster” spectra show a blueshift corresponding to a radial velocity of around −2300 km s−1, suggesting that the structure is on the near side of Cas A. The ionization age is around n
e
t ≈ 1.5 × 1011 cm−3 s. This translates into a preshock density of ∼12 cm−3, higher than previous estimates of the unshocked CSM. The relatively high n
e
t and relatively low radial velocity suggest that this structure has a relatively high density compared to other shocked CSM plasma. This analysis provides yet another piece of evidence that the CSM around Cas A’s progenitor was not that of a smooth steady wind profile.
Association of clinical factors with thrombocytopenia in patients receiving linezolid treatment: a retrospective study
Authors: Thi Phuong Thao Le , Duc Trung Nguyen , Thi My Le , Minh Hong Le , Viet Hoan Bui , Quang Hung Vu , Dang Hai Pham
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Linezolid (LZD) plays an important role in the treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Thrombocytopenia is regarded as one of the most common side effects of linezolid, which results from the destruction of platelets or myelosuppression. The study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in Vietnamese patients.
Methodology: This retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on adult patients who received parenteral LZD therapy (1,200 mg/day) in at least 3 days between January 2020 and June 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital in Vietnam. Thrombocytopenia was defined as either a final platelet count of less than 100 G/L or a 25% decrease in platelet count from baseline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to predict risk factors associated with LZD-induced thrombocytopenia.
Results: In the 208 patients included in the study, the average age was 69 and males accounted for 73.1%. LZD-induced thrombocytopenia occurred in 37% of patients. LZD-induced thrombocytopenia was significantly associated with shock (HR = 8.26, 95% CI 3.82 – 17.84, p < 0.001), baseline creatinine clearance (HR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01 – 1.03], p = 0.002), and duration of LZD treatment of at least 14 days (HR = 4.45, 95% CI [1.83 – 11.05], p = 0.001).
Conclusions: The results showed that thrombocytopenia was fairly common in patients using linezolid. Shock, renal failure, and duration of linezolid therapy of at least 14 days were significant risk factors for the incidence of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia.
La psychiatrie a-t-elle encore un avenir dans nos sociétés de contrôle ?
Authors: Gori Roland , Morlhon Laurent , Ponet Blandine , Garcia Serge
Published: March 2024

Roland Gori analyse l’évolution de notre société comme le passage d’une société disciplinaire à une société de contrôle. Il en montre précisément les effets, en particulier à travers l’exemple de la gestion de l’épidémie de Covid, la crise actuelle de la psychiatrie et l’atteinte à la parole, la disparition de la narration et du récit, si précieux dans nos métiers du soin. Retrouver le soin, comme un véritable acte de création, est son appel.
Figures du rien
Authors: Ponet Blandine
Published: March 2024

L’article aborde la complexité des émotions et des sentiments auxquels nous confronte le travail avec des personnes psychotiques, l’existence du rien, comment ce rien peut se retourner jusqu’à l’effroi ou nous faire éprouver de la haine. Tous les soignants ressentent de la difficulté à prêter attention à ces émotions complexes, témoins de la relation entre une personne soignante et une personne soignée, et tout simplement effacées par les protocoles et autres bonnes pratiques.
Les ressources en Afrique : nouvelles dynamiques
Authors: Pourtier Roland
Published: March 2024

À l’échelle de l’économie mondiale, l’Afrique subsaharienne remplit toujours une fonction de pourvoyeuse de matières premières destinées aux pays industrialisés. Ni l’entrée en scène de nouveaux acteurs ni les changements dans la géographie extractive n’ont modifié la structure d’économies rentières qui en résulte. Des perspectives de valorisation des ressources renouvelables conduisent cependant à réévaluer les potentialités au sud du Sahara, même si les ressources fossiles resteront longtemps encore déterminantes dans la consommation énergétique comme dans les exportations du continent .
L’Éthiopie : une volonté politique de fer aujourd’hui saisie par le doute
Authors: Ambrosetti David
Published: March 2024

Depuis près de vingt ans, l’Éthiopie connaît des transformations considérables, visibles dans une multitude de domaines, que ce soit l’économie et les infrastructures, la culture, ou encore la géopolitique, qui reflètent un rapport au monde en grande partie renouvelé. Ces transformations sont d’abord et avant tout le fruit d’une volonté politique de fer, portée des années durant par la coalition au pouvoir depuis 1991 et par son éminence grise, feu le Premier ministre Meles Zenawi. Mais le modèle de politique intérieure que Meles avait forgé rencontre désormais des défis inédits. Face aux violences à répétition, le pays est entré dans une phase de doute .
Religions et économie : la part bénite
Authors: Simonnot Philippe
Published: March 2024

L’économiste a-t-il quelque chose à dire sur la religion ? Apparemment rien puisque, en principe, il ne s’occupe que d’intérêts matériels. D’où l’accusation fréquente qui voudrait que l’ homo economicus n’ait que peu de rapports avec la réalité. Cet article, s’insurgeant contre une telle caricature, montre que la science économique est tout à fait capable d’analyser la religion avec ses propres outils, d’autant mieux qu’elle considère, sans se trahir, le besoin humain de donner. Il en résulte un nouvel éclairage des relations entre la religion et l’État, fort utile en ces temps où la question religieuse revient au premier plan de l’actualité .
Les « catégories » de migrants
Authors: Fleury Graff Thibaut
Published: March 2024

Migrants, migrants économiques, réfugiés, réfugiés de guerre, « sans papiers »… les termes sont nombreux dans le débat public pour dénommer ceux qui migrent. Ces « catégories » de migrants ont souvent des fondements juridiques, et permettent aux États notamment de fixer les conditions d’accueil et de séjour des étrangers. Ces catégories ne sont toutefois pas immuables, et certains appellent à leur redéfinition, en vue de prendre en compte les mouvements migratoires contemporains .
Économie : la puissance incontournable
Authors: Allard Patrick
Published: March 2024

Aujourd’hui, bien que les États-Unis ne dominent plus l’économie mondiale de manière aussi massive qu’au début des années 1960, ils continuent de la surplomber et de l’influencer de manière décisive. Il est probable que la persistance de cette hégémonie restera l’horizon de notre époque, tant il est plus facile pour Washington d’user et d’abuser des atouts de la puissance économique américaine que pour les autres pays de se donner les moyens d’ignorer les marchés des États-Unis, de se passer des technologies américaines ou de contourner le dollar .
Universalisme des droits de l’homme : une remise en cause croissante
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence
Published: March 2024

Depuis deux décennies, un certain nombre d’États et/ou de groupes d’États représentant d’autres sensibilités, d’autres histoires, d’autres cultures que celles en provenance de l’Occident, remettent en cause les droits de l’homme. Cette remise en cause, qui a lieu aussi bien au sein qu’en dehors de l’Occident, prend la forme de deux stratégies complémentaires : l’instrumentalisation et le contournement du multilatéralisme. Les rapports de force à l’échelle internationale s’en voient modifiés et, dans certaines parties du monde, des valeurs alternatives aux droits de l’homme sont en train de s’imposer.
Les musulmans en Inde : une minorité pas comme les autres
Authors: Mohammad-Arif Aminah
Published: March 2024

Les musulmans indiens représentent la plus importante minorité musulmane dans le monde. Longtemps protégés par une Constitution laïque, ils sont de plus en plus menacés d’exclusion du corps politique depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Narendra Modi. Une étape a été franchie en décembre 2019 après le vote de la réforme de la loi sur la citoyenneté qui, si elle est appliquée, pourrait rendre nombre d’entre eux apatrides .
La financiarisation des politiques européennes : un nouveau tournant
Authors: Lebrou Vincent , Thyrard Antonin
Published: March 2024

Durant les crises liées à la pandémie de Covid-19, l’Union européenne a (ré)affirmé le poids de l’action financière dans son champ d’intervention économique et politique. Au-delà des simples effets de communication sur leur interventionnisme économique, cette « financiarisation » en cours de l’action publique européenne pose la question de la capacité des Vingt-Sept à réellement faire « Union » .
Chine : un siècle de quête démocratique tenue en échec
Authors: Haski Pierre
Published: March 2024

L’idée démocratique n’est pas nouvelle en Chine : elle est présente dès la fin de l’empire Qing au début du xx e siècle. Elle n’a pourtant jamais abouti, même si elle a ressurgi à chaque génération, à chaque tournant historique. Xi Jinping, l’actuel numéro un chinois, promeut au contraire un modèle politique fondé sur le monopole absolu du Parti communiste, contre le modèle occidental .
L’Ukraine au xx e siècle : le long chemin vers un État-nation
Authors: Werth Nicolas
Published: March 2024

Des empires russe et austro-hongrois à l’Union soviétique, l’Ukraine est longtemps restée une région inféodée à ses voisins. Vaste contrée agricole qui a connu la collectivisation dans le sang et l’industrialisation à marche forcée, l’Ukraine a tenté à plusieurs reprises de s’affirmer comme un État indépendant, notamment dans le tumulte des guerres du xx e siècle. Les aspirations ukrainiennes à un État-nation n’ont abouti qu’en 1991, au bout de décennies d’espoirs et de violences .
La France dans la course à l’innovation et à la puissance technologique
Authors: Perrin Éric
Published: March 2024

En ce début de XXI e siècle, la France est-elle toujours en mesure de jouer un rôle important dans les bouleversements géopolitiques à l’échelle mondiale ? Plusieurs siècles d’engagement politique en faveur de la démocratie et des droits de l’homme ne lui suffisent plus pour imposer sa vision du monde. La course à la suprématie technologique, plus particulièrement dans le domaine de l’intelligence artificielle, dessine les contours d’une nouvelle réalité géopolitique centrée sur l’innovation. Longtemps fer de lance de l’innovation scientifique en Europe, la France parviendra-t-elle à rester dans cette course à la suprématie technologique et à conserver son autonomie stratégique ?
Pakistan : une situation politique préoccupante
Authors: Reynolds Nathalène
Published: March 2024

La situation de la République islamique du Pakistan apparaît préoccupante, en particulier depuis la destitution du Premier ministre Imran Khan au mois d’avril 2022. Alors que le contexte politique, économique et sécuritaire va se dégradant, il semblerait que ce que l’on nomme, le plus souvent, le pouvoir politico-militaire ne parvienne pas à unir ses forces et à oublier les querelles qui rythment la vie du pays depuis sa fondation, le 14 août 1947. Outre une importante dette extérieure, le pays craint de surcroît une autre mousson catastrophique. Les récentes émeutes suite à la courte arrestation d’Imran Khan laisseraient-elles, de surcroît, planer un risque accru de turbulences ?
Les inégalités sociales-numériques dans les rapports Nord-Sud
Authors: Granjon Fabien
Published: March 2024

Le numérique est souvent présenté comme la solution à de nombreux maux, notamment ceux dont souffrent les pays les moins avancés (PMA). Aussi semblerait-il urgent de combler la fracture numérique dans ces territoires, à qui l’on promet ainsi un meilleur développement. Or, ces injonctions à épouser au plus vite la modernité technologique et à atteindre la « connectivité universelle » correspondent davantage aux intérêts bien compris du capitalisme occidental qu’à ceux des pays du « Sud global ». Toutefois, l’idée d’un numérique fondé sur des valeurs environnementales, de justice sociale et un rééquilibrage des rapports de force géopolitiques est une exigence que l’on ne saurait abandonner .
Outcomes for Intermittent Exotropia Using Three Common Surgical Approaches
Authors: Vadhul Raghav , Rogers James D. , Rogers David L.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

To compare a single surgeon's surgical outcomes for treating intermittent exotropia using bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR), unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (RR), and unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication (RP).

Methods:

A retrospective review of all surgeries for basic intermittent exotropia between 2015 and 2023 was performed. Only patients with initial correction using BLR, RR, or RP were included. Exclusion criteria included age older than 18 years, vertical deviation, any nonrefractive ocular diagnoses, prior ocular surgery, and inadequate follow-up.

Results:

There were 460 patients identified; 123 met inclusion criteria with 54 in the BLR group, 41 in the RR group, and 28 in the RP group. The average pre-operative distance alignment (and standard error) values for the BLR, RR, and RP groups were 25.07 (7.35), 22.44 (5.95), and 23.84 (6.42) prism diopters (PD), respectively. At 1 year, the postoperative distance alignment values for the BLR, RR, and RP groups were 8.72 (7.89), 7.46 (6.31), and 12.83 (6.82) PD, respectively (
P
= .03). A subanalysis found a significant difference between the BLR and RP (
P
= .02) and RR and RP (
P
= .02) groups. There was no difference between the BLR and RR groups (
P
= .57).

Conclusions:

This study of three surgical approaches for intermittent exotropia found RP had a significantly larger angle of exodeviation compared to BLR and RR at 1 year of follow-up. Both BLR and RR were equally effective approaches for treating intermittent exotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(4):287–290.]
The relationship of vitamin D levels with hemogram indices and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Basaran Elif , Aktas Gulali
Published: March 2024

Background

Vitamin D deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) are two important health problems that have rapidly increased prevalences in recent years. Chronic inflammation and susceptibility to infection are the characteristic features of T2DM. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with high serum inflammatory marker levels due to its immunomodulatory effect. Moreover, studies have pointed out that vitamin D insufficiency could be associated with T2DM. Additionally, in recent years, inflammatory markers derived from hemogram have been associated with diabetes and its complications. Therefore, in our study, vitamin D levels, metabolic markers (i.e., serum uric acid, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol), and hemogram indices were analyzed in well controlled and poorly controlled T2DM patients. Furthermore, we compared those variables in vitamin D deficient and non-deficient groups.

Methods

Laboratory data, including vitamin D and hemogram markers, were compared between poorly and well controlled T2DM patients who visited the outpatient internal medicine clinics of our institution.

Results

A total of 240 T2DM individuals were included in the present study: 170 individuals had vitamin D deficiency and 70 individuals had normal vitamin D levels, who served as controls. The median neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) value was 2.2 (0.74–7.4) in the vitamin D deficient group and 2.02 (0.73–5.56) in the vitamin D normal group (p = 0.025). Among the study parameters, the NLR and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.30, p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the NLR to predict vitamin D deficiency were determined as 60% and 49%, respectively (AUC: 0.59, p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.51–0.67). The sensitivity and specificity of the NLR to predict an improved control of diabetes were 72% and 45%, respectively (AUC: 0.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.60–0.74).

Conclusions

We think that NLR can be helpful in follow up of T2DM and vitamin D deficiency.
Nocardiopsis synnemataformans NBRM9, an extremophilic actinomycete producing extremozyme cellulase, using lignocellulosic agro-wastes and its biotechnological applications
Authors: El-Sayed Mohamed H. , Elsayed Doaa A. , Gomaa Abd El-Rahman F.
Published: March 2024

Actinomycetes are an attractive source of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. The search for actinomycetes producing extremozyme cellulase using cheap lignocellulosic waste remains a priority goal of enzyme research. In this context, the extremophilic actinomycete NBRM9 showed promising cellulolytic activity in solid and liquid assays. This actinomycete was identified as Nocardiopsis synnemataformans based on its phenotypic characteristics alongside phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequencing (OQ380604.1). Using bean straw as the best agro-waste, the production of cellulase from this strain was statistically optimized using a response surface methodology, with the maximum activity (13.20 U/mL) achieved at an incubation temperature of 40 °C, a pH of 9, an incubation time of 7 days, and a 2% substrate concentration. The partially purified cellulase (PPC) showed promising activity and stability over a wide range of temperatures (20–90 °C), pH values (3–11), and NaCl concentrations (1–19%), with optimal activity at 50 °C, pH 9.0, and 10% salinity. Under these conditions, the enzyme retained >95% of its activity, thus indicating its extremozyme nature. The kinetics of cellulase showed that it has a Vmax of 20.19 ± 1.88 U/mL and a Km of 0.25 ± 0.07 mM. The immobilized PPC had a relative activity of 69.58 ± 0.13%. In the in vitro microtiter assay, the PPC was found to have a concentration-dependent anti-biofilm activity (up to 85.15 ± 1.60%). Additionally, the fermentative conversion of the hydrolyzed bean straw by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KM504287.1) amounted to 65.80 ± 0.52% of the theoretical ethanol yield. Overall, for the first time, the present work reports the production of extremozymatic (thermo, alkali-, and halo-stable) cellulase from N. synnemataformans NBRM9. Therefore, this strain is recommended for use as a biotool in many lignocellulosic-based applications operating under harsh conditions.
A classroom experience about the application of research-based learning for the teaching of probability in engineering
Authors: Palencia José Luis Díaz , Ontiveros Yanko Ordónez
Published: March 2024

We explored the implementation of a Research-Based Learning (RBL) for the teaching and learning of probability in engineering education. The approach provided a student-centered learning environment, integrating practical activities within an active learning conception. A detailed RBL task in connection with weather forecasting was described, highlighting a methodical 10-day learning process that considers research, practical application, and reflection. The effectiveness of this RBL task was evaluated through thematic analysis of student reflective essays, focusing on their learning experiences and challenges. The analysis revealed enhanced understanding of probability, varied student engagement, and the value of practical learning. It also identified challenges in conceptualizing abstract probability concepts. The findings highlighted the RBL's potential in improving students' conceptual grasp and application of probability in real-world scenarios, providing key insights for future educational strategies in engineering. This study contributes to the broader discourse on innovative teaching methodologies in engineering education, demonstrating the impact of active, inquiry-based learning approaches.
Evaluation of monthly changes in essential oil yield and components of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) leaf
Authors: Akçura S.
Published: March 2024

This research was carried out to examine the monthly changes in both the volatile oil content and volatile components of cherry laurel leaves by taking samples every month for 12 months in Turkey. Harvest periods significantly affected volatile oil content (P < 0.01). Depending on harvest periods, volatile oil ratios ranged from 0.19 to 0.35%. The months of August, July, and September yielded the highest volatile oil ratios. Benzaldehyde, phenol, benzoic acid, benzeneacetonitrile, pentadecanone, 1,54-dibromotetrapentacontane and, tetrapentacontane were determined as components in the volatile oil. The ratio of benzaldehyde, the main active ingredient, varied between 83.89 and 94.41%, depending on the harvest time. The cherry laurel leaf should be harvested in July, August, and September for high essential oil ratios and in May, June, and July for high benzaldehyde ratios. Due to the high concentration of benzaldehyde in its volatile oil, cherry laurel evergreen leaf can be considered a valuable source of raw materials for the fragrance and pharmaceutical sectors.
How does harvest time affect the major fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L.)?
Authors: Balık Hüseyin İrfan , Kayalak Balık Selda , Karakaya Orhan , Ozturk Burhan
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of harvest time on the protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L. cvs. ‘Tombul’, ‘Palaz’, ‘Çakıldak’, ‘Okay 28’ and ‘Allahverdi’). The harvest was carried out at 7 different periods with weekly intervals from 20 July to 31 August. As the harvest time progressed, increases and decreases were detected in protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds. The highest oil content was measured in the H5 and H6 harvest periods. The highest content was determined in H3 for oleic acid. Higher total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were obtained in the first 3 harvest periods than in the other periods. The present findings revealed that the protein, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars may differ according to the harvest time. The results obtained will provide clearer ideas to both the industry and the producers about the optimum harvest time for the intended use of these cultivars.
Réexamen du mobilier venant de l’épave d’un navire coulé par les pirates au XVIIIe siècle dans la baie d’Ambodifotatra, île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar
Authors: Soulat Jean , von Arnim Yann , Audard Alexandre , Bry John de , Coulaud Alexandre
Published: March 2024

Faisant suite aux investigations archéologiques sous-marines menées entre 2000 et 2015 dans la baie d’Ambodifotatra sur l’île Sainte-Marie (Madagascar), une nouvelle mission ayant pour but de mettre en évidence les vestiges terrestres d’une occupation pirate a également eu l’occasion de réexaminer en mai 2022 l’ensemble du mobilier issu d’une épave, un navire coulé par les pirates dont l’identification reste à déterminer. Identifiée dans un premier temps comme le supposé Fiery Dragon coulé en 1721, cette épave a fait l’objet d’un relevé photogrammétrique ainsi que de deux sondages. Ces derniers ont livré une quantité importante de mobilier, dont plus de 2 800 fragments de porcelaine chinoise, de la céramique d’Asie du Sud-Est, des objets métalliques, de la verrerie ainsi que de la faune. Conditionnée, parfois désalinisée, cette collection est déposée au Musée de la Reine Betia sur l’îlot Madame. Néanmoins, aucun inventaire fiable et aucun rapport d’étude n’a jamais été remis aux autorités malgaches. Cet article, issu du rapport rédigé en 2023 par l’équipe de la mission, vise à dévoiler à la communauté scientifique l’intérêt de réexaminer ce mobilier exceptionnel venant d’un contexte pirate du xviiie siècle.
Wie bouwde Brussel? Het profiel van vaklui en ondernemers in de Brusselse bouwsector rond 1865
Authors: Degraeve Matthijs
Published: March 2024

Vers 1865, Bruxelles était une ville en pleine mutation. De récentes études nous éclairent sur le rôle qu’ont joué divers acteurs dans le développement de la ville, tels que les pouvoirs publics et les propriétaires fonciers. Toutefois, nous en savons encore peu sur les artisans et les entrepreneurs du bâtiment qui ont physiquement façonné la ville. À l’aide des almanachs, registres des patentables, registres des électeurs et matrices cadastrales, cet article met en lumière le profil professionnel, sociodémographique et spatial de 2 445 entrepreneurs du secteur bruxellois de la construction vers 1865. Il s’en détache un groupe très hétérogène, actif dans toute la palette des métiers du bâtiment. Si quelques entrepreneurs fortunés étaient à la tête de grandes entreprises, l’organisation à forte main-d’œuvre et à petite échelle de la plupart des entreprises du bâtiment ouvrit également les portes de l’entrepreneuriat à un groupe considérable d’artisans relativement démunis, y compris des femmes et des migrants. Il en découla aussi une forte dispersion spatiale, permettant à ces entrepreneurs d’opérer sur les chantiers de leur quartier. Ces résultats contribuent à la connaissance historique de la formation du tissu urbain et du patrimoine bruxellois, de même qu’ils situent dans une perspective à long terme le besoin contemporain d’un ancrage local pour le secteur urbain de la construction.
Ethnographier un établissement psychiatrique en qualité d’élève directrice d’hôpital
Authors: Higelin-Cruz Audrey
Published: March 2024

Cet article se fonde sur un terrain ethnographique de huit semaines en établissement public de santé mentale (EPSM) pendant lesquelles la sociologue a tiré parti de la période de stage d’observation relative à sa formation de directrice d’hôpital pour mener une enquête circonscrite à son établissement de stage, un centre hospitalier parmi les plus grands de France au regard de son budget et de sa file active, pratiquant la psychiatrie générale, la psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, ainsi que la psychiatrie de la personne âgée. L’objet de cet article est d’interroger les apports et les contraintes relatifs à des conditions d’enquête spécifiques, en prenant en compte les conséquences que ces modalités de réalisation ont eues sur le déroulé et les résultats de l’enquête. La sociologue, insider en cours de socialisation professionnelle, questionne ainsi les avantages et les limites de ce « dédoublement statutaire », avant d’évoquer en quoi les conditions spécifiques de l’enquête ont permis de remettre le concept d’« institution totale » sur le métier.
Nicos Poulantzas : l’État comme rapport social
Authors: Jessop Bob
Published: March 2024

Cet article offre une vue d’ensemble du parcours intellectuel de N. Poulantzas. Alors fortement influencé par le marxisme structural de Louis Althusser, il s’efforce dans ses textes de la fin des années 1960 (en premier lieu Pouvoir politique et classes sociales) de penser l’État capitaliste en faisant droit à son autonomie relative. Ses travaux de la première moitié des années 1970 portent sur des questions plus concrètes et pratiques (sur le fascisme, la crise des dictatures en Grèce, Portugal et Espagne ; sur les évolutions contemporaines du capitalisme, de l’impérialisme et des classes sociales) qui donnent lieu à d’importantes avancées intellectuelles. Enfin, c’est dans la seconde moitié des années 1970 que les élaborations de N. Poulantzas sont les plus novatrices : il en vient ainsi à concevoir l’État comme un rapport social. Sur cette base, il peut approfondir la perspective stratégique d’une « voie démocratique au socialisme ».
Le maître et l’élève
Authors: Crézégut Anthony
Published: March 2024

Cet article vise à étudier la genèse du livre Pouvoir politique et classes sociales de Nicos Poulantzas, un manuscrit longuement étudié et critiqué par Louis Althusser, transformé par l’échange entre les deux, notamment autour des concepts d’hégémonie ou de société civile. Cette correspondance est celle d’un maître avec son élève, d’une leçon professorale et d’un drame humain. Si Poulantzas transfigure son texte, semble se convertir à l’intransigeance du maître, il conserve sa finesse et ses doutes originels, issus de la matrice gramscienne. Avec le temps, vient le désenchantement sur le maître et l’élève semble redevenir maître de lui-même, en tant que jeune grec, étranger, européen, face au magistère français, comme penseur en devenir iconoclaste face à la force de l’habitus français, si ce n’est parisien.
Nicos Poulantzas en tant que politologue et philosophe de l’État moderne
Authors: Michaloudas Alexis
Published: March 2024

Cet article présente la théorie de l’individualisation du corps social formulée par N. Poulantzas. En premier lieu, la théorie de l’individualisation décrit comment le corps social se constitue en corps politique dans les sociétés capitalistes modernes. En second lieu, la théorie de l’individualisation propose aussi un aperçu matérialiste du problème de la fabrication des subjectivités modernes. En liant les deux axes principaux de sa théorie de l’individualisation (le corps social et l’individu), N. Poulantzas met en débat les grandes écoles de pensée de son époque, en voulant prouver pourquoi une théorie marxiste de l’État représentatif moderne reste toujours pertinente et non obsolète, malgré les diverses critiques. L’individualisation du corps social opère par divers dispositifs (normalisation disciplinaire, d’inculcation idéologique, de techniques de crainte, de répression politique et sociale ouverte) et son analyse permet d’appréhender comment cette individualisation est en lien étroit avec les opérations d’unification que l’État exécute au nom de la cohésion sociale et nationale et comment on peut penser le rapport entre l’individu et le pouvoir d’État capitaliste, tout en élaborant des stratégies permettant un passage démocratique au socialisme et en libérant de surcroît les subjectivités qui se rattachent à la forme-État du substrat d’exploitation et d’assujettissement qu’une société divisée en classes reproduit.
Correlações, dependências e autonomias: elementos comparativos entre a Lei Pelé e a política de esportes do Paraná
Authors: Martins Dilson José de Quadros , Cruz Kelwin Santos da , Marchi Júnior Wanderley
Published: March 2024

A Constituição Federal de 1988 atribuiu ao Estado o dever de fomentar as práticas esportivas. A normatização do texto constitucional culminou com a Lei Pelé, que concedeu autonomia aos entes federativos na organização dos seus sistemas esportivos. Em 2018, Estado do Paraná apresentou um conjunto de diretrizes ao esporte estadual na Política de Esportes do Paraná. Esse estudo exploratório e documental tem o objetivo de analisar como o governo paranaense vem exercendo a sua autonomia relativamente à Lei Pelé e o que pode ser evidenciado sobre sistemas e subsistemas esportivos na sua política. O ponto central está nos conteúdos da “Lei Pelé” e da “Política de Esportes do Paraná”. O Modelo Advocatício de Coalizão (Advocacy Coalition Framework) subsidiou a análise e discussão. A investigação permitiu identificar elementos que evidenciam o sistema esportivo do Paraná, mas revelou falta de referências sobre subsistemas esportivos e pouca aderência à Lei Pelé.
The video assistant referee (VAR) in soccer: Where is the biomechanics?
Authors: Moura Felipe Arruda
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article is to explore the basic principles of Biomechanics in relation to the objective measurements carried out by the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) operators and systems in soccer. It was presented an overall framework about the determination of kinematical variables, the definition and the sources of error, the understanding of factors contributing to errors in VAR decisions, and prospects for future solutions. To exemplify these concepts, the offside rule was chosen as it offers numerous instances of tools aiding for accurate measurements. Based on consolidated procedures of literature, a discussion about the actual challenges and an suggestions for a fully comprehension and improvement of VAR were provided.