bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferric Iron/Shikonin Nanoparticle‐Embedded Hydrogels with Robust Adhesion and Healing Functions for Treating Oral Ulcers in Diabetes
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Li Zhangping , Ge XinXin , Qi Xiaoliang , Xiang Yajing , Shi Yizuo , Li Ying , Pan Yao , Wang Yingying , Ru Yiyu , Huang Kelei , Shao Jiatan , Shen Jianliang , Li He
Published: October 2024

Oral ulcers can be addressed using various biomaterials designed to deliver medications or cytokines. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these substances is frequently limited in many patients due to poor adherence, short retention time in the mouth, and less‐than‐optimal drug efficacy. In this study, a new hydrogel patch (FSH3) made of a silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid matrix with light‐sensitive adhesive qualities infused with ferric iron/shikonin nanoparticles to enhance healing effects is presented. Initially, this hydrogel forms an adhesive barrier over mucosal lesions through a straightforward local injection, solidifying when exposed to UV light. Subsequently, FSH3 demonstrates superior reactive oxygen species elimination and near‐infrared photothermal bactericidal activity. These characteristics support bacterial elimination and regulate oxidative levels, promoting a wound's progression from inflammation to tissue regeneration. In a diabetic rat model mimicking oral ulcers, FSH3 significantly speeds up healing by adjusting the inflammatory environment of the injured tissue, maintaining balance in oral microbiota, and promoting faster re‐epithelialization. Overall, the light‐sensitive FSH3 hydrogel shows potential for rapid wound recovery and may transform therapeutic methods for managing oral ulcers in diabetes.
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets‐Loaded Mussel‐Inspired Hydrogel with Wet Adhesion, Photothermal Antimicrobial, and In Situ Remineralization Capabilities for Caries Prevention
Authors: Ran Ying , Shi Jiayi , Ding Yiqin , Li Lujian , Lu Dandan , Zeng Youyun , Qiu Dongchao , Yu Jie , Cai Xiaojun , Pan Yihuai
Published: October 2024

The main features of early caries are the massive colonization of cariogenic bacteria and demineralization of tooth enamel by the acids that they produce. Owing to the lack of effective treatments, the development of anticaries therapeutics with both antimicrobial and remineralizing properties is urgently required. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNs) are ideal therapeutics for the treatment of early caries because they can mediate photothermal antibacterial activity and subsequently promote remineralization by generating PO43−. However, the dynamic and wet environment of the oral cavity prevents the long‐term adhesion of BPNs to the tooth surface. In this study, using catechol‐modified chitosan and PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA as raw materials, a mussel‐inspired versatile hydrogel, BP@CP5, is presented that can be used to physically load BPNs. BP@CP5 has exceptional injectability and can firmly adhere to tooth surfaces for up to 24 h. Upon irradiation, BP@CP5 can quickly eliminate ≈99% of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis; furthermore, the PO43− generated via degradation also promotes rapid remineralization of enamel slabs. Importantly, the vivo rodent caries modeling results further confirm the excellent caries‐prevention properties of BP@CP5. This study demonstrates that BP@CP5 is a promising anticaries material for caries management.
Investigating the Effect of Incorporating Dimethylaminopropyl Side Chains into a Naphthalenediimide‐Based Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Liu Tzu‐Lun , Lai Yu‐Ying
Published: October 2024

Two approaches—fractional side‐chain truncation and complementary interactions—are employed in this study. In fractional side‐chain truncation, NDIDmap with the naphthalene diimide (NDI) group and the 3‐(dimethylamino)propyl (Dmap) chain is incorporated into P(NDI2OD‐T2), yielding various copolymers. Increasing the amount of NDIDmap in the polymer enhances π‐isotropy, which can improve charge transport. In complementary interactions, the NDIDmap group complexes with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) via complementary N–B interactions. Adding BCF to a naphthalenediimide‐based conjugated polymer with NDIDmap enhances the coherence length (Lc) of π‐stacking. However, the elongated Lc does not result in superior electron mobility, challenging the conventional perspective that long‐range π‐order is crucial for charge transport. For comparison, triphenylamine (TPA), which is electronically distinct from BCF, is used. TPA affects the thin‐film microstructure and charge‐transport parameters differently from BCF. Although the improvement in electron mobility is not very significant, this study demonstrates the effects of fractional side‐chain truncation and complementary interactions on the thin‐film microstructure and charge transport of naphthalenediimide‐based conjugated polymers, paving the way for further side‐chain engineering.
Metal‐Semiconductor Phase Transition in Multilayer VSe2 for Broadband Photodetector with High Sensitivity
Authors: Yang Yujue , Xia Mengjia , Zhao Qixiao , Pan Zhidong , Dong Huafeng , Zhang Xin , Wu Fugen , Yang Juehan , Huo Nengjie
Published: October 2024

2D 1T‐VSe2 is a charge‐density wave (CDW) system that also exhibits room‐temperature ferromagnetism, making it promising for photodetecting devices. However, the sensitivity of 1T‐VSe2 photodetectors is limited by the high dark current due to its metallic feature of T‐phase VSe2. So far, photodetectors based on semiconducting 2H‐phase VSe2 have ever been reported. In this work, the metal‐semiconductor phase transition (1T to 2H) in multilayer VSe2 by thermal annealing process, and the fabrication of 2H‐VSe2 broadband photodetectors with high sensitivity is reported. The 2H‐VSe2 photodetectors exhibit low dark current and a broad spectral range of 405–1550 nm. The responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) can reach up to 75.26 A W−1 and 1.45 × 1010 Jones at Vsd of 1 V, outperforming photodetectors based on 1T‐VSe2 and other 2D materials for the 1550 nm optical communication band. This work showcases a facile method for obtaining the metal‐semiconductor phase transition of VSe2 and demonstrates the potential of 2H‐VSe2 for high‐performance near‐infrared photodetectors.
Association of handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry with later life pain risk in middle‐aged and older individuals: Results from four prospective cohorts
Authors: Zhu Yuanpeng , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Terry Jianguo , Wu Nan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The burden of pain in middle‐aged and older adults is considerable and significantly increases healthcare expenditures. We aimed to investigate the roles of handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry in predicting pain across four nationally representative cohorts.

Methods

This longitudinal study utilized data from four major surveys: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS); the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA); the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE); and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multivariable cubic regression splines were employed to visually explore the nonlinear associations between HGS and pain in each cohort. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied to analyze the independent and combined relationship between HGS weakness and asymmetry and pain risk.

Results

We included 41,171 participants in the final analysis, with a mean follow‐up period of 4.68 ± 2.61 years (50.7% female, mean age 64.3 ± 9.3 years). No nonlinear relationship was found between HGS and pain incidence (nonlinear p < 0.05 in ELSA and SHARE; >0.05 in CHARLS and HRS). After adjustment, the highest quartile groups had a significantly reduced risk of pain compared to the lowest quartile groups across all cohorts, with hazard ratios of 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) in CHARLS, 0.86 (0.77, 0.97) in HRS, 0.88 (0.77, 0.98) in ELSA, and 0.78 (0.73, 0.84) in SHARE. Participants with normal HGS had approximately 20% lower risk of pain compared to those with weak HGS. Each 5 kg increase in HGS was associated with decreased hazard ratios for pain: 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) in CHARLS, 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) in HRS, 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) in ELSA, and 0.94 (0.92, 0.95) in SHARE. The association between HGS asymmetry and pain risk was significant only in a few cohorts (HRS at 10%, 1.10 (1.03, 1.18); SHARE at 30%, 1.12 (1.05, 1.21)). No interaction effect between HGS weakness and asymmetry on pain risk was observed (all p‐values for interaction >0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that HGS can be used as an independent predictor of pain in middle‐aged and older European, American, and Chinese populations. However, our results do not support the use of HGS asymmetry as an independent predictor of pain risk. It is necessary to establish appropriate criteria for HGS asymmetry across different populations. The use of both weak HGS and asymmetry as predictors of health outcomes requires further validation in more diverse populations.
Amyloid PET detects the deposition of brain Aβ earlier than CSF fluid biomarkers
Authors: Lowe Val J. , Mester Carly T. , Lundt Emily S. , Lee Jeyeon , Ghatamaneni Sujala , Algeciras‐Schimnich Alicia , Campbell Michelle R. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Nguyen Aivi , Min Hoon‐Ki , Senjem Matthew L. , Machulda Mary M. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Dickson Dennis W. , Murray Melissa E. , Kandimalla Karunya K. , Kantarci Kejal , Boeve Bradley , Vemuri Prashanthi , Jones David T. , Knopman David , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Mielke Michelle M.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Understanding the relationship between amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) and Aβ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers will define their potential utility in Aβ treatment. Few population‐based or neuropathologic comparisons have been reported.

METHODS

Participants 50+ years with Aβ PET and Aβ CSF biomarkers (phosphorylated tau [p‐tau]181/Aβ42, n = 505, and Aβ42/40, n = 54) were included from the Mayo Clinic Study on Aging. From these participants, an autopsy subgroup was identified (n = 47). The relationships of Aβ PET and Aβ CSF biomarkers were assessed cross‐sectionally in all participants and longitudinally in autopsy data.

RESULTS

Cross‐sectionally, more participants were Aβ PET+ versus Aβ CSF− than Aβ PET− versus Aβ CSF+ with an incremental effect when using Aβ PET regions selected for early Aβ deposition. The sensitivity for the first detection of Thal phase ≥ 1 in longitudinal data was higher for Aβ PET (89%) than p‐tau181/Aβ42 (64%).

DISCUSSION

Aβ PET can detect earlier cortical Aβ deposition than Aβ CSF biomarkers. Aβ PET+ versus Aβ CSF− findings are several‐fold greater using regional Aβ PET analyses and in peri‐threshold‐standardized uptake value ratio participants.

Highlights

Amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) has greater sensitivity for Aβ deposition than Aβ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in early Aβ development.

A population‐based sample of participants (n = 505) with PET and CSF tests was used.

Cortical regions showing early Aβ on Aβ PET were also used in these analyses.

Neuropathology was used to validate detection of Aβ by Aβ PET and Aβ CSF biomarkers.
Nitrogen‐Oxidized Tröger's Base Macrocyclic Arenes: Unprecedented Enantioselective Recognition in Water
Authors: Liang Xiaotong , Zhao Ting , Shen Yanling , Fang Lizhi , Chen Long , Zhou Dayang , Wu Wanhua , Yang Cheng
Published: October 2024

Achieving high enantioselectivity with synthetic receptors, particularly in water, remains a significant challenge despite the success seen in natural biological systems. In this study, we introduce a facile synthesis of Tröger's base (TB)‐containing macrocyclic arenes (TBn), where TB units are linked via methylene bridges, providing the macrocycles with a rigid framework. Oxidation of enantiopure TBn yields corresponding chiral nitrogen oxides (TBnNO) with excellent water solubility, attributed to the high polarity of the N−O bond, surpassing the pH limitations of traditional ion‐functionalized approaches. Remarkably, TBnNO exhibits exceptional enantioselective recognition toward a wide range of chiral guests in aqueous solution, achieving enantioselectivities as high as 41.0. The underlying mechanism involves a combination of hydrophobic interactions and steric effects caused by rigid chiral cavities. These findings highlight the potential of nitrogen‐oxidized macrocycles as a transformative tool for supramolecular application in water.
Removal and mechanism investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coconut oils by ionic liquids
Authors: Zhao Gege , Xu Haoyu , Zhang Hai , Zhang Hong , Bi Yanlan , Xu Xuebing
Published: October 2024

Crude coconut oil often contains high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are commonly carcinogenic. The present work demonstrated that PAHs in coconut oil were significantly removed by ionic liquids (ILs). The relationship between the removal efficiency and the structures of ILs was investigated, using 12 different types ILs. Among these, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tosylate ([Bmim][TOS]) showed the highest efficiency in removing benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The optimal process conditions for the removal of PAHs using [Bmim][TOS] were explored, and the removal efficiency for benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), and BaP under the optimal conditions were 42.7 ± 1.0, 33.3 ± 1.4, 88.8 ± 0.9, and 73.8 ± 1.0%, respectively. Importantly, [Bmim][TOS] could be recycled up to five times without a significant decrease in PAHs removal. The quantum chemistry calculations and spectrum analyses were conducted to study the interactions between ILs and PAHs, using BaP as a model compound. The ability of [Bmim][TOS] to remove PAHs originate its high hydrogen bond accepting ability and the collaborative hydrogen bond interactions between the PAHs and ILs.
Synthesis of perylene‐PEO hyperdispersants for aqueous graphene dispersion
Authors: Yong Yuxuan , Kang Yafang , Zhu Aiping
Published: October 2024

Graphene, with excellent thermal conductivity, electrical and corrosion shielding performance has great application potential in the fields of heat dissipation coating, conductive agent and anticorrosion composite coatings. However, due to its large specific surface area, resulting strong aggregation behavior limits its application. Herein, the hyperdispersants with perylene anchoring groups are synthesized through the amidation coupling reaction between diacid anhydride and polyetheramine. The branching degree and length of hydrophilic chains on hyperdispersant are revealed to be the very important factors to affect the dispersion stability of aqueous graphene dispersion. The hyperdispersant with a single hydrophilic chain and the molecular weight 2000 of polyetheramine has the excellent dispersal activity discovered by Rheology, particle size distribution and Raman measurements. The possible mechanism is the strongest anchoring effect of perylene on graphene surface and thus achieving in best effective spatial exclusion stabilization effect of hydrophilic chains.
When data sharing is an answer and when (often) it is not: Acknowledging data‐driven, non‐data, and data‐decentered cultures
Authors: Huvila Isto , Sinnamon Luanne S.
Published: October 2024

Contemporary research and innovation policies and advocates of data‐intensive research paradigms continue to urge increased sharing of research data. Such paradigms are underpinned by a pro‐data, normative data culture that has become dominant in the contemporary discourse. Earlier research on research data sharing has directed little attention to its alternatives as more than a deficit. The present study aims to provide insights into researchers' perspectives, rationales and practices of (non‐)sharing of research data in relation to their research practices. We address two research questions, (RQ1) what underpinning patterns can be identified in researchers' (non‐)sharing of research data, and (RQ2) how are attitudes and data‐sharing linked to researchers' general practices of conducting their research. We identify and describe data‐decentered culture and non‐data culture as alternatives and parallels to the data‐driven culture, and describe researchers de‐inscriptions of how they resist and appropriate predominant notions of data in their data practices by problematizing the notion of data, asserting exceptions to the general case of data sharing, and resisting or opting out from data sharing.
Nonlinear control of a planar vertical take‐off and landing with a slung load
Authors: Lozano Rogelio , Gonzalez‐Hernandez Ivan , Salazar Sergio , Calderon Samantha
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the development of the dynamical model of a planar vertical take‐off and landing (PVTOL) carrying a suspended load. The complete model is obtained using the Euler–Lagrange approach. Furthermore, the synthesis of a nonlinear control is presented that stabilizes the vehicle to a desired position, and the load is stabilized as well. The stability is obtained using LaSalle invariance theorem. The performance of the obtained controller is shown in numerical simulations.
Wärmedämmverbundsysteme mit Holzfaserdämmplatten
Authors: Rüther Norbert , Li Xinyi , Sieder Mike
Published: October 2024

Wärmedämmverbundsysteme werden in Systemprüfungen hinsichtlich ihrer Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Standsicherheit untersucht. Die Prüfungen sind über Jahrzehnte entstanden und bergen einzelne Schwachstellen. Die Prognose des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens mittels rechnerischer Methoden ist bisher in der Praxis unüblich, würde jedoch große Zeit‐ und Kostenersparnisse ermöglichen können. Insgesamt hat sich über die Jahrzehnte eine unbefriedigende Situation eingestellt. Im Rahmen mehrerer Vorhaben wurden umfangreiche experimentelle und rechnerische Untersuchungen an Materialien, Materialkombinationen und Bauteilen durchgeführt, die insgesamt zu einem größeren Verständnis bauphysikalischer und mechanischer Eigenschaften führen sollen. Die Erkenntnisse können dazu beitragen, das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von WDVS mit Holzfaserdämmplatten mittels rechnerischer Verfahren prognostizieren zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird die Vorgehensweise innerhalb eines Forschungsvorhabens beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeiten zeigen die Möglichkeiten der Simulation auf.
TRIP13: A promising cancer immunotherapy target
Authors: Jing Shengnan , Zhao Liya , Zhao Liwen , Gao Yong‐Jing , He Tianzhen
Published: October 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates tumor development through intricate intercellular signaling, thereby supporting tumor growth and suppressing the immune response. Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13), an AAA+ ATPase, modulates the conformation of client macromolecules, consequently influencing cellular signaling pathways. TRIP13 has been implicated in processes such as proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis during tumor progression. Recent studies have revealed that TRIP13 also plays a role in immune response suppression within the TME. Thus, inhibiting these functions of TRIP13 could potentially enhance immune responses and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. This review summarizes the recent research progress of TRIP13 and discusses the potential of targeting TRIP13 to improve immune‐based therapies for patients with cancer.
Steering Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Intramolecular Photocatalysts by Peripheral Ligand Control
Authors: Bagemihl Benedikt , Müller Carolin , Shillito Georgina E. , Hartkorn Marco , Mengele Alexander K. , Kupfer Stephan , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Rau Sven
Published: October 2024

Bridged photosensitizer‐catalyst systems are promising models to study photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the systems in the literature structurally diverse and therefore hard to compare. Many systems show highly complex photophysics including several accepting orbitals for the excited state, as a result catalytic activity is hard to predict. Here we present a bimetallic Ru−Pt photocatalyst bearing peripheral spectator ligands at the ruthenium(II) photocenter as a member of the Ru‐tpphz‐Pt family. Consequently, it features a single acceptor tpphz ligand and so‐called unidirectional electron transfer, i. e., electron transfer without co‐occurring transfer to peripheral ligands, from the excited state. Thus – and in contrast to recently used peripheral ligands – the new spectator ligands do not disrupt electron transfer towards the catalytic center. By comparison to known systems, this facilitates unprecedented insight into the importance of electron transfer from the bridge to the catalytic center moving towards more rational design of oligonuclear photocatalysts.
In‐Situ Polymerized Solid/Quasi‐Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Hangyu , Xu Xijun , Fan Weizhen , Zhao Jingwei , Huo Yanping
Published: October 2024

In pursuit of high energy density, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are undoubtedly the best choice. However, leakage and inevitable dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes seriously hinder its practical application. Solid/quasi‐solid state electrolytes have emerged as an answer to solve the above issues. Especially, polymer electrolytes with excellent interface compatibility, high flexibility, and ease of machining have become a research hotspot for LMBs. Nevertheless, the interface contact between polymer electrolyte and inorganic electrode materials and the low ionic conductivity restrict its development. On account of these, in situ polymerized polymer electrolyte is proposed. Polymer solid electrolytes produced through in situ polymerization promote robust interface contact between the electrolyte and electrode while simplifying the preparation steps. This review summarized the latest research progress in in situ polymerized solid electrolytes for LMBs. These electrolytes were divided into three parts according to their polymerization methods: thermally induced polymerization, chemical initiator polymerization, ionizing radiation polymerization, and so on. Furthermore, we concluded the major challenges and future trends of in situ polymerized solid electrolytes for LMBs. It's hoped that this review will provide meaningful guidance on designing high‐performance polymer solid electrolytes for LMBs.
Pro‐aromatic Natural Terpenes as Unusual “Slingshot” Antioxidants with Promising Ferroptosis Inhibition Activity
Authors: Jin Zongxin , Mollica Fabio , Huang Yeqin , Guernelli Susanna , Baschieri Andrea , Diquigiovanni Chiara , Rizzardi Nicola , Valenti Francesca , Pincigher Luca , Bergamini Christian , Amorati Riccardo
Published: October 2024

Ferroptosis is a cell death mechanism based on extensive cellular membrane peroxidation, implicated in neurodegenerative and other diseases. The essential oil component γ‐terpinene, a natural monoterpene with a unique highly oxidizable pro‐aromatic 1,4‐cyclohexadiene skeleton, inhibits peroxidation of polyunsaturated lipid in model heterogeneous systems (micelles and liposomes). Upon H‐atom abstraction, an unstable γ‐terpinene‐derived peroxyl radical is formed, that aromatizes to p‐cymene generating HOO⋅ radicals. As HOO⋅ are small and hydrophilic radicals, they quickly diffuse outside the lipid core, blocking the radical chain propagation of polyunsaturated lipids. This unprecedented antioxidant “slingshot” mechanism explains why γ‐terpinene shows a protective activity against ferroptosis, being effective at submicromolar concentrations in human neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y) cells.
Adipocyte‐Targeted Nanotechnology and Cell‐Based Therapy for Obesity Treatment
Authors: Wu Yue , Deng Siqi , Wei Siyu , Wei Wenqi , He Yunxiang , Guo Junling
Published: October 2024

Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases and is often associated with dysfunctional adipocytes. Prevalent treatments such as lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery are often accompanied by adverse side effects and poor patient compliance. Nanotechnology and cell‐based therapy offer innovative approaches for targeted obesity treatments, as they can directly target adipocytes, regulate lipid metabolism, and minimize off‐target effects. Here, we provide an overview of the intricate relationship between adipocytes and obesity, highlighting the potential of nanotechnology and cell‐based therapy in obesity treatment. Additionally, we discuss the advancements of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in obesity progression, including the latest challenges and considerations for developing adipose‐targeted treatments for obesity. The objective is to provide a perspective on the design and development of nanotechnology and cell‐based therapy for treating obesity and related comorbidities.
Reduction of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in prostate cancer murine models and patients following white button mushroom treatment
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Ma Shoubao , Twardowski Przemyslaw , Lau Clayton , Chan Yin S. , Wong Kelly , Xiao Sai , Wang Jinhui , Wu Xiwei , Frankel Paul , Wilson Timothy G. , Synold Timothy W , Presant Cary , Dorff Tanya , Yu Jianhua , Sadava David , Chen Shiuan
Published: October 2024

Background

In a previously reported Phase I trial, we observed therapy‐associated declines in circulating myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) with the administration of white button mushroom (WBM) tablets in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. These observations led us to hypothesise that WBM could mitigate PCa progression by suppressing MDSCs.

Methods

We performed bidirectional translational research to examine the immunomodulatory effects of WBM consumption in both syngeneic murine PCa models and patients with PCa participating in an ongoing randomised Phase II trial (NCT04519879).

Results

In murine models, WBM treatment significantly suppressed tumour growth with a reduction in both the number and function of MDSCs, which in turn promoted antitumour immune responses mediated by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In patients, after consumption of WBM tablets for 3 months, we observed a decline in circulating polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN‐MDSCs), along with an increase in cytotoxic CD8+ T and NK cells. Furthermore, single immune cell profiling of peripheral blood from WBM‐treated patients showed suppressed STAT3/IRF1 and TGFβ signalling in circulating PMN‐MDSCs. Subclusters of PMN‐MDSCs presented transcriptional profiles associated with responsiveness to fungi, neutrophil chemotaxis, leukocyte aggregation, and regulation of inflammatory response. Finally, in mouse models of PCa, we found that WBM consumption enhanced the anticancer activity of anti‐PD‐1 antibodies, indicating that WBM may be used as an adjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusion

Our results from PCa murine models and patients provide mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory effects of WBM and provide a scientific foundation for WBM as a nutraceutical intervention to delay or prevent PCa progression.

Highlights

White button mushroom (WBM) treatment resulted in a reduction in pro‐tumoural MDSCs, notably polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN‐MDSCs), along with activation of anti‐tumoural T and NK cells.

Human single immune cell gene expression profiling shed light on the molecular alterations induced by WBM, specifically on PMN‐MDSCs.

A proof‐of‐concept study combining WBM with PD‐1 blockade in murine models revealed an additive effect on tumour regression and survival outcomes, highlighting the clinical relevance of WBM in cancer management.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pancreatoblastoma in Adult/Adolescent Patients, One With Histology Mimicking NUT Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhengfan , Aryal Sameer Chhetri , McHugh Kelsey , Theisen Brian K. , Yuan Lisi
Published: October 2024

Pancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. Cytologic diagnosis is challenging due to the tumor's heterogeneity and requirement of the presence of squamoid nests. Commonly affects children, but the tumor rarely is seen in adult patients. We are reporting three cases from two patients. First patient was a 38‐year‐old male with a mass in the pancreatic body and numerous hepatic lesions. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the pancreas showed a biphasic malignancy, predominantly composed of a primitive component with intermingled squamoid nests. Subsequent Liver FNA from the same patient showed a similar biphasic malignancy. NUT carcinoma was the top differential and was ruled out by molecular testing. Second patient was a 24‐year‐old female with a history of pancreatoblastoma related to Gardner's syndrome initially diagnosed in 2015 at age 17, status post distal pancreatectomy and chemotherapy. Celiac lymph node FNA in 2021 showed few cohesive clusters of atypical epithelioid cells, which were highlighted by beta‐catenin. Lastly, the literature was reviewed; differential diagnosis and ancillary testing were discussed.
Marine reserves can buffer against environmental fluctuations for overexploited but not sustainably harvested fisheries
Authors: White J. Wilson , Kilduff D. Patrick , Hastings Alan , Botsford Louis W.
Published: October 2024

Globally, decision‐makers are seeking management levers that can mitigate the negative effects of climate change on ecosystems that have already been transformed from their natural state by the effects of fishing. An important question is whether marine reserves can provide buffering (i.e., population‐level resilience) against climate disturbances to fished populations. Here, we examine one aspect of this question, by asking whether marine reserves can reduce the variability in either overall biomass or in fishery yield, in the face of environmental variability. This could happen because greater reproduction of longer‐lived, larger fish inside reserves could supplement recruitment to the fished portion of the population. We addressed this question using age‐structured population models, assuming a system where some proportion of the coastline is protected in marine reserves (0%–30%), and the remainder is fished (at a range of possible harvest rates). We modeled populations with sedentary adults and dispersal via a larval pool. Since recent extreme climate events (e.g., marine heatwaves) have reduced juvenile survival for some fish species, we assumed that environmental variability affected the survival of the first age class in our model. We viewed population variability as a question of buffering, measured as the proportion of time a simulated population spent below a target reference point, with the idea that marine reserves could prevent the population from reaching low levels in the face of fishing and environmental variability. We found that fisheries with more area in marine reserves always had less variability in biomass. However, adding marine reserves only reduced variability in fisheries yield when the fished part of the population was being harvested at a rate exceeding the maximum sustainable yield. This new result on reducing variability is in line with previous findings that the “spillover” effects of marine reserve benefits to fishery yields only accrue when the fishery outside reserve boundaries is being overharvested.
Geomorphic river classifications based on different methods coincide in predicting fish assemblage structure
Authors: Bañales‐Seguel Camila , Górski Konrad , Zurita Alejandra , Manosalva Aliro , Toledo Bárbara , Díaz Gustavo , Habit Evelyn
Published: October 2024

River classification is a necessary starting point for understanding river ecosystems and developing management guidelines. Using GIS to analyse an Andean river basin, we compare the application of two geomorphic classification methods at the segment scale: The Geomorphic Units Survey Classification System (GUS) and the Functional Process Zones (FPZ). Segment definition follows a manual procedure in GUS and a semi‐automated procedure in FPZ. Our objective was to assess the relationship between geomorphology and fish assemblages' structure. Fish sampling was carried out in collaboration with participants from local indigenous Mapuche‐Pewenche communities. Non‐parametric multivariate statistical analyses were conducted in order to quantify and describe geomorphic patterns and whether fish assemblages responded consistently with river classifications. Both classifications give insight into the physical characteristics of rivers, such as slope and floodplain width, that make habitat available for different fish assemblages. The two methods provide results that consistently coincide in their identification of geographic distribution and main geomorphic variables of different river types (geomorphic types) throughout the river network. The variation of different river geomorphologies was associated with variation in fish assemblage structure. Geomorphic variables that best characterize the distribution pattern of fish assemblages were elevation, confinement and valley floor width. Confined rivers accommodated highly similar fish assemblages dominated by invasive trout (Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss). Unconfined rivers located at higher elevations had greater temporal variability and were mainly composed of trout and native catfish Trichomycterus areolatus. Semiconfined rivers presented the highest geomorphic variability and were associated with high spatial and temporal variability of fish assemblages characterized by both native and non‐native species. The association between fish assemblages and fluvial geomorphology could help in prioritizing rivers for exotic fish species control. These findings should aid in restoring highly intervened Andean rivers and improving management techniques in basins with a variety of human activities.
Quercetin: Potential antidiabetic effects through enzyme inhibition and starch digestibility
Authors: Günal‐Köroğlu Deniz , Catalkaya Gizem , Yusufoğlu Büşra , Kezer Gizem , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Capanoglu Esra
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus involves high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin action. Furthermore, enzymes such as α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase break down carbohydrates into glucose, leading to postprandial hyperglycemia. Flavonoids, particularly quercetin, inhibit these enzymes, slowing carbohydrate digestion and reducing glucose absorption. Quercetin has significant hypoglycemic effects with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values comparable to acarbose, a standard inhibitor, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for diabetes management. In silico models, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) approaches, help researchers understand the molecular interactions of therapeutic agents. These techniques identify potential inhibitors, determine enzyme‐inhibitor structures, and calculate binding energies, correlating findings with in vitro or in vivo data. Molecular docking predicts molecular orientations, MD simulations offer insights into enzyme–inhibitor dynamics, and QSAR models predict inhibitory potential based on structural properties. Studies have shown that quercetin effectively inhibits α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase by forming hydrogen bonds with specific amino acid residues. Quercetin interacts with starches and reduces their digestibility, increases the formation of resistant starch, lowers the glycemic index, and inhibits digestive enzymes. Studies show that the effects of quercetin on starch digestion vary with concentration and type of starch, and its incorporation into foods such as bakery products, pasta, etc. can significantly decrease starch hydrolysis. The incorporation of quercetin into starch matrices may aid in the development of functional foods aimed at improving glycemic control.
Rare huge bilateral adrenal myelolipoma confused with retroperitoneal liposarcoma
Authors: Ito Kana , Yamashita Ryo , Sakura Yuma , Shinsaka Hideo , Nakamura Masafumi , Matsuzaki Masato , Niwakawa Masashi , Hiraki Tsubasa
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Adrenal myelolipomas are uncommon benign adrenal tumors, which mostly occur unilaterally. We describe a rare case of giant bilateral adrenal myelolipoma mistaken for retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

Case presentation

A 49‐year‐old man developed fever, left flank pain, and a large mass in his left abdomen. Plain computed tomography showed a 23‐cm mass with fat‐containing components in the retroperitoneal cavity, suggestive of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. A similar 9‐cm mass was observed in the right adrenal gland, suggesting adrenal metastasis. With a clinical diagnosis of retroperitoneal liposarcoma, we administered preoperative radiation therapy and performed a bilateral tumor resection. On postoperative day 9, a surgical site infection occurred, necessitating incisional drainage and the administration of intravenous antibiotics. The histopathological diagnosis was bilateral myelolipoma of the adrenal glands.

Conclusion

In cases of bilateral retroperitoneal tumors with a large fat component, adrenal myelolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid overtreatment.
Enhanced Performance Analysis of 120 Gbps Single‐Channel IQ Modulation Based PDM‐FSO Transmission System Using 64‐QAM Signals
Authors: Pillai Samaya , M Karthikeyan , S Lakshmisridevi , M Vignesh , R Dhivya
Published: October 2024

The ever‐augmenting demand of data channel‐bandwidth by the end users has resulted in the exploration of new transmission techniques for wireless transmission networks. In this work, we have demonstrated the modeling of a single‐channel free space optics (FSO) transmission system by employing polarization‐division‐multiplexing (PDM) technique. Further, in‐phase‐quadrature modulation (IQM) has been used to increase the transmission efficiency of the system. To decrease the baud‐rate of the system, we have proposed the use of 64‐level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. The net transmission rate of the system is 120 Gbps with a baud‐rate of 10 Gbps. Furthermore, the overcome the signal degradation of the 120 Gbps signal propagating through atmospheric channel, we have reported the use of advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. The system's performance is investigated for adverse external climate weather conditions and the results reported show reliable 120 Gbps data transmission along range between 870 m and 16.25 km with good performance of BER and EVM  7.5%.
Therapeutic overview of sudachitin
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Sikarwar Om , Verma Aanchal , Solanki Kunal , Mishra Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2024

Citrus fruits are extensively cultivated and eaten both raw and in refined forms. Citrus fruit peels are highly concentrated in polyphenolic substances. This makes them useful resources. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), found in citrus peels, belong to a specific subclass of flavonoids where most or all hydroxyl groups are methylated. PMFs have been documented to possess chemopreventive actions, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐atherosclerosis properties, as well as neuroprotective effects. Sudachitin, a PMF, is primarily found in Citrus sudachi. Japan's Tokushima prefecture is home to this famous fruit. In recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers in exploring the potential health benefits of sudachitin, spurred by its presence in traditional diets and its association with various positive health outcomes. Studies conducted over the past decade have revealed promising effects of sudachitin in multiple health conditions, including cancer, skin disorders, inflammatory conditions, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although these promising results exist, there is still a need for thorough preclinical and clinical research to confirm sudachitin's effectiveness in treating chronic conditions. This review seeks to summarize animal and cell studies exploring sudachitin's pharmacological properties and the potential molecular pathways underlying its therapeutic effects. Through this, we aim to clarify the clinical potential of sudachitin across various disorders, paving the way for future research and the development of sudachitin‐based therapies.
N‐terminomics profiling of naïve and inflamed murine colon reveals proteolytic signatures of legumain
Authors: Ziegler Alexander R. , Anderson Bethany M. , Latorre Rocco , McQuade Rachel M. , Dufour Antoine , Schmidt Brian L. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Scott Nichollas E. , Edgington‐Mitchell Laura E.
Published: October 2024

Legumain is a cysteine protease broadly associated with inflammation. It has been reported to cleave and activate protease‐activated receptor 2 to provoke pain associated with oral cancer. Outside of gastric and colon cancer, little has been reported on the roles of legumain within the gastrointestinal tract. Using a legumain‐selective activity‐based probe, LE28, we report that legumain is activated within colonocytes and macrophages of the murine colon, and that it is upregulated in models of acute experimental colitis. We demonstrated that loss of legumain activity in colonocytes, either through pharmacological inhibition or gene deletion, had no impact on epithelial permeability in vitro. Moreover, legumain inhibition or deletion had no obvious impacts on symptoms or histological features associated with dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis, suggesting its proteolytic activity is dispensable for colitis initiation. To gain insight into potential functions of legumain within the colon, we performed field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry‐facilitated quantitative proteomics and N‐terminomics analyses on naïve and inflamed colon tissue from wild‐type and legumain‐deficient mice. We identified 16 altered cleavage sites with an asparaginyl endopeptidase signature that may be direct substrates of legumain and a further 16 cleavage sites that may be indirectly mediated by legumain. We also analyzed changes in protein abundance and proteolytic events broadly associated with colitis in the gut, which permitted comparison to recent analyses on mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Collectively, these results shed light on potential functions of legumain and highlight its potential roles in the transition from inflammation to colorectal cancer.
The Clinical Application of Superb Microvascular Imaging in Evaluating Thyroid Related Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ji Jiaqi , Tang Enyu , Wang Ya'ni , Shi Xinlong
Published: October 2024

This article reviews all published articles on the application of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) technique in thyroid related diseases before December 31, 2023. SMI, a recently developed ultrasound imaging modality, could display microvascular information by eliminating clutter and preserving low flow signals. Most studies used SMI to help diagnose malignant thyroid nodules and concluded that SMI performed better than color Doppler imaging and power Doppler imaging. At present, there is no consensus when depicting the morphology of vascularity of thyroid nodules (TNs). This problem may be solved by quantitative SMI which makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate the vascularity of TNs. SMI is also applied to evaluate cervical lymph node or thyroid inflammatory diseases. Although, SMI has some limitations, such as no standard for the normal perfusion patterns, and it has a broad application prospect in the diagnosis and management of thyroid related diseases.
Coumarin Derivatives: Microwave Synthesis and Biological Properties—A Review
Authors: Habibi Wissam , Talbi Soumaya , Hamri Salha , Hafid Abderrafia , Khouili Mostafa
Published: October 2024

Many molecules called coumarins with very varied biological activities and widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and medical industries. Their structure has a significant impact on their biological activity and their possible applications. Advanced synthesis frequently leads to an increase in the production of various chemical wastes. The amount of hazardous organic substances used and produced is reduced by the application of environmentally friendly synthesis techniques. Numerous techniques are employed in green chemistry, including the use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, solvent‐free synthesis, mechanical synthesis, multicomponent reactions, ultrasound, and microwaves. These green synthesis techniques have been successfully applied to all common condensation reactions for the synthesis of coumarin, including the Perkin, Knoevenagel, Pechmann, Kostanecki‐Robinson, and Reformansky reactions. These methods not only reduce the use and production of toxic chemicals, but also improve the yield, purity, and energy consumption of the product. This review summarizes the methods of microwave synthesis of coumarin derivatives, as well as their biological activities.
Extraembryonic Membranes and Placentation in the Mexican Snake Conopsis lineata
Authors: de Dios‐Arcos Cecilia , Villagrán‐SantaCruz Maricela
Published: October 2024

Extraembryonic membranes provide protection, oxygen, water, and nutrients to developing embryos, and their study generates information on the origin of the terrestrial egg and the evolution of viviparity. In this research, the morphology of the extraembryonic membranes and the types of placentation in the viviparous snake Conopsis lineata are described through optical microscopy during early and late gestation. When embryos develop inside the uterus, they become surrounded by a thin eggshell membrane. In early gestation, during stages 16 and 18, the embryo is already surrounded by the amnion and the chorion, and in a small region by the chorioallantois, which is product of the contact between the chorion and the growing allantois. A trilaminar omphalopleure covers the yolk sac from the embryonic hemisphere to the level of the equator where the sinus terminalis is located, and from there a bilaminar omphalopleure extends into the abembryonic hemisphere. Thus, according to the relationship of these membranes with the uterine wall, the chorioplacenta, the choriovitelline placenta, and the chorioallantoic placenta are structured at the embryonic pole, while the omphaloplacenta is formed at the abembryonic pole. During late gestation (stages 35, 36, and 37), the uterus and allantois are highly vascularized. The allantois occupies most of the extraembryonic coelom and at the abembryonic pole, it contacts the omphaloplacenta and form the omphalallantoic placenta. This is the first description of all known placenta types in Squamata for a snake species member of the subfamily Colubrinae; where an eggshell membrane with 2.9 μm in width present throughout development is also evident. The structure of extraembryonic membranes in C. lineata is similar to that of other oviparous and viviparous squamate species. The above indicates not only homology, but also that the functional characteristics have been maintained throughout the evolution of the reproductive type.