bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liberal transfusion strategy to prevent mortality and anaemia-associated, ischaemic events in elderly non-cardiac surgical patients – the study design of the LIBERAL-Trial
Authors: Meybohm Patrick , Lindau Simone , Treskatsch Sascha , Francis Roland , Spies Claudia , Velten Markus , Wittmann Maria , Gueresir Erdem , Stoppe Christian , Kowark Ana , Coburn Mark , Selleng Sixten , Baschin Marcel , Jenichen Gregor , Meersch Melanie , Ermert Thomas , Zarbock Alexander , Kranke Peter , Kredel Markus , Helf Antonia , Laufenberg-Feldmann Rita , Ferner Marion , Wittenmeier Eva , Gürtler Karl-Heinz , Kienbaum Peter , de Abreu Marcel Gama , Sander Michael , Bauer Michael , Seyfried Timo , Gruenewald Matthias , Choorapoikayil Suma , Mueller Markus M. , Seifried Erhard , Brosteanu Oana , Bogatsch Holger , Hasenclever Dirk , Zacharowski Kai
Published: December 2018

Background: Perioperative anaemia leads to impaired oxygen supply with a risk of vital organ ischaemia. In healthy and fit individuals, anaemia can be compensated by several mechanisms. Elderly patients, however, have less compensatory mechanisms because of multiple co-morbidities and aging-related decline of functional reserves. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether elderly surgical patients may benefit from a liberal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategy compared to a restrictive transfusion strategy.
Methods: The LIBERAL Trial is a prospective, randomized, multicentre, controlled clinical phase IV trial randomising 2,470 elderly (≥ 70 years) patients undergoing intermediate- or high-risk non-cardiac surgery. Registered patients will be randomised only if Haemoglobin (Hb) reaches ≤ 9 g/dl during surgery or within 3 days after surgery either to the LIBERAL group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 9 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 9-10.5 g/dl) or the RESTRICTIVE group (transfusion of a single RBC unit when Hb ≤ 7.5 g/dl with a target range for the post-transfusion Hb level of 7.5-9 g/dl). The intervention per patient will be followed until hospital discharge or up to 30 days after surgery, whichever occurs first. The primary efficacy outcome is defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, acute ischaemic stroke, acute kidney injury (stage III), acute mesenteric ischaemia and acute peripheral vascular ischaemia within 90 days after surgery. Infections requiring iv antibiotics with re-hospitalisation are assessed as important secondary endpoint. The primary endpoint will be analysed by logistic regression adjusting for age, cancer surgery (y/n), type of surgery (intermediate- or high-risk), and incorporating centres as random effect.
Discussion: The LIBERAL-Trial will evaluate whether a liberal transfusion strategy reduces the occurrence of major adverse events after non-cardiac surgery in the geriatric population compared to a restrictive strategy within 90 days after surgery.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03369210)
Russet Potato Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Uptake with Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers
Authors: Ghosh Upasana , Hatterman‐Valenti Harlene , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Irrigated russet potato yield and quality as influenced by the enhanced efficiency fertilizers.

Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in improving crop N uptake.

Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in improving fertilizer recovery and N use efficiency.

Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) are supposed to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by synchronizing N release from fertilizers and plant uptake. This experiment evaluated the performance of EEFs for tuber yield, quality, N uptake, apparent fertilizer recovery (AFR), and NUE under irrigated conditions. At Inkster, ND, during the summer of 2015 and 2016, six N treatments and three cultivars were laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Three russet potato cultivars (Russet Burbank, Dakota Trailblazer, and ND8068‐5Russ) were treated with six N treatments: (i) grower’s standard (urea) and two EEFs; (ii) SuperU; (iii) ESN; (iv) split application of urea, each at 280 kg N ha−1; (v) urea at 225 kg N ha−1; and (vi) check. The highest marketable tuber yield of 42.3 and 41.6 Mg ha−1 was obtained with urea 225 kg N ha−1 and ESN at 280 kg N ha−1 (38.7 Mg ha−1), respectively, in 2015 and 2016. In 2015, AFR ranged from 33.9 to 39.7%. In 2016, AFR with Russet Burbank reached 66.4%. Yield, quality, and NUE were not significantly improved with EEFs compared with urea or grower’s standard. Cultivar‐specific fertilizer recommendations should be developed.
Effects of Substituting Manure for Fertilizer on Aggregation and Aggregate Associated Carbon and Nitrogen in a Vertisol
Authors: Zhao Zhanhui , Zhang Congzhi , Zhang Jiabao , Liu Changhua , Wu Qicong
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Manure improved soil aggregate‐associated C and N sequestration.

Fertilizer substituted with manure in increasing C and N concentrations used.

Manure improved water stable soil aggregate stability.

Fertilizer management influences the accumulation of soil organic C and N in agricultural soils. The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers is considered a good method to enhance soil fertility, but it is still unclear about the effects of substituting manure for fertilizer on aggregation and aggregate associated organic C and N. We selected a 4‐yr‐old soil fertility experiment to examine the aggregation and aggregate associated organic C and N in response to substituting manure for fertilizer. In comparison to control, no fertilizer added (CK); substituting manure for fertilizer significantly increased organic C and N by 11.61 to 47.97% and 21.05 to 32.63% in 0‐ to 20‐cm bulk soil, respectively. It promoted organic C in the silt + clay fraction, microaggregates, small macroaggregates, and large macroaggregates by 3.17 to 17.15%, 12.94 to 34.09%, 10.99 to 50.20%, and 25.32 to 52.09%, respectively. Aggregate associated N also presented significant increases under substituting manure for fertilizer compared to CK. The mass distribution of small and large macroaggregates were 8.16 to 15.54% and 8.89 to 49.51% higher in the manure‐substituted plots than CK, respectively. Organic C and labile C were generally greater in macro‐ than microaggregates in the manure‐substituted plots; redundancy analysis confirmed that macroaggregates had positive effects on organic C and N sequestration in bulk soil and aggregates. Based on these results we suggested that substituting manure increases macroaggregate associated organic C and N, and the formation of small and large macroaggregates is accelerated by organic amendment in the test soil compared to CK.
Temporal Change of Climatological Precipitation Deficit Index in the Buyuk Menderes Basin, Turkey
Authors: Mengu Gulay Pamuk , Yildirim Tugba , Ozcakal Emrah , Akkuzu Erhan
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Climatological precipitation deficit index is used to monitor agricultural drought by examining the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration.

The increasing trend determined in the precipitation deficit derived more from the increases determined in the ET0 values than from the decrease in precipitation.

A suitable threshold value must be set when classifying precipitation deficit, which is in accordance with the conditions of the region in designating drought years.

Climatological precipitation deficit index (PD) is one the indices used to monitor agricultural drought by examining the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration. In this study, the meteorological stations located in the Buyuk Menderes Basin, which has an important agricultural potential for Turkey, are used to determine the PD and its temporal variation by Mann–Kendall trend analysis using the monthly climate data of the period 1975 to 2014. The long‐term average rainfall in the Buyuk Menderes Basin is 574 mm, the reference evapotranspiration is 1225 mm, and the average PD value is 651 mm. It was observed that the value of the precipitation deficit in the basin varies considerably in the long term. The trend analysis showed five of the six stations in the basin to have an increasing trend, which in three of these five stations was statistically significant. It was concluded that the increasing trend determined in the precipitation deficit derived more from the increases determined in the ET0 values than from the decrease in precipitation.
Deficit Irrigation, Planting Date, and Hybrid Selection Impacts on a Mid‐South Corn Production System
Authors: Williams J. J. , Henry W. B. , Varco J. J. , Reynolds D. B. , Buehring N. W. , Krutz L. J. , Falconer L. L. , Boykin D. L.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Early planting reduced irrigation water use by 52% and improved WUE by 29%.

Deficit irrigation reduced irrigation water use and net returns by 91% and $53 acre, respectively.

Conventional full‐season hybrids planted early generated the highest net returns.

The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) is the primary irrigation source for the mid‐southern USA, but the current withdrawal rate from the aquifer is unsustainable. This research was conducted to determine if interactions among factors that have an effect on the water use efficiency (WUE) of corn could be manipulated to decrease irrigation requirements while maintaining or improving yield and net returns relative to current practices in this region. The effects of deficit irrigation utilizing soil water tension (−50 cbar vs. –125 cbar), planting date (late March vs. late April), and hybrid selection (conventional short season, drought‐tolerant full season, or conventional full season) on corn grain yield, WUE, and net returns above seed and irrigation costs were investigated on a Marietta fine sandy loam and a Leeper silty clay near Starkville and Verona, MS, respectively. Yield, WUE, and net returns above seed and irrigation costs for conventional full‐season hybrids were at least 18% greater when planted in March rather than April and, regardless of planting date, at least 6% greater than that of conventional short‐season and drought‐tolerant full‐season hybrids. Relative to full irrigation, deficit irrigation increased WUE up to twofold in three out of four planting dates, had no adverse effect on yield or net returns in wet years, but reduced yield and net returns up to 11% in dry years. Our data indicate that the best option to reduce aquifer withdrawal without having an adverse effect on net returns above seed or irrigation costs is to plant conventional full‐season hybrids on the early side of the recommended planting window and meet the evapotranspiration demand fully with supplemental irrigation.
Postemergence Herbicide Tolerance of Buffalograss Entering Winter Dormancy
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Hoyle Jared A. , Van Ryzin Benjamin , Sousek Matthew D. , Thompson Cole S.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

The fall is the optimum time to control winter annual and perennial broadleaf weeds.

More information is needed on postemergence herbicide safety in the fall as buffalograss enters winter dormancy.

Many postemergence herbicides can be safely applied to buffalograss entering winter dormancy with no effect on spring greenup.

Turf managers have many herbicide and application timing options for weed control in buffalograss.
3DMGAR: A Transient Quasi‐3D Point‐Source Green–Ampt Infiltration and Redistribution Model
Authors: Gowdish Leslie C. , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Good design of point‐source irrigation systems needs simplified quasi‐spherical wetting models.

Efficient irrigation with minimal impact, requires robust estimates of infiltration and redistribution.

3DMGAR is based on robust Green–Ampt infiltration and redistribution concepts for irrigation series.

3DMGAR tested favorably with benchmark 2D Richards simulations for a wide range of soils.

Provided 3DMGAR source code is easy to apply and parameterize with readily available information.

Although Richards' equation (RE) generally provides a good description of infiltration and water redistribution in soils, its numerical solutions can be computationally intensive or suffer from numerical instability and require extensive soil data. Simplified physically based approaches are often used in many practical settings after validation against RE used as a benchmark. The purpose of this research was to develop and test an approximated physical model for simulating transient point‐source infiltration and redistribution in a quasi three‐dimensional flow domain. An existing three‐dimensional Green–Ampt model that simulates only the infiltration phase is extended based on the one‐dimensional modified Green–Ampt with redistribution (MGAR) method to calculate the three‐dimensional soil water redistribution phase between point‐source events. Comparison with the HYDRUS‐2D numerical solution of RE showed the proposed model (3DMGAR) to provide satisfactory results for a broad range of soils. The ability of 3DMGAR to accurately and robustly simulate infiltration and redistribution for point‐source water application time series is particularly important for cases with difficult Richards solutions, such as in sandy soils, to improve water application efficiency and decrease chemical leaching in many settings like crop fertigation, waste water disposal, and mitigation of climate‐induced coastal salinization.
A STUDY OF LAYERED LENS CHANGE IN THE PROCESS OF CATARACT FORMATION IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO RADIATION AS A RESULT OF RADIATION ACCIDENTS IN THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors: Mikryukova L. D. , Krestinina L. Yu. , Epiphanova S. B.
Published: December 2018

Up to now there is no clear understanding of health risk and type of dose dependence for the population chronically exposed within a range of low and average dose levels (to 1Gy). In this respect studies performed in cohorts with a sufficient number of persons can have a significant potential in providing necessary information. Objective: to study peculiarities of lens opacity in exposed persons at later time after chronic radiation exposure with due account for dose impact and nonradiation factors. The study includes patients from the URCRM registry of exposed population examined by an ophthalmologist in the period 2016-2018 (total 1,377 persons). The same technique of medical examination with photofixation of lens opacity was applied to all examined individuals. A case-control technique was used to conduct the study. Individual exposure doses to lens were calculated on the basis of TRDS-2016 for the first time within the framework of the present study. As a result of the performed study among persons exposed to long-term ionizing low-dose radiation we have determined an exposure dose impact on risk growth of opacity in the posterior capsule and lens nucleus. No reliable statistical dependence of lens change with an increasing exposure dose in anterior capsule and cortical layers as well as colour change of the lens nucleus was obtained. Belonging to different ethnical groups showed no impact on priority opacification development in any lens layers.
LEUKEMIA INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF RECOVERY OPERATION WORKERS OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT: ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION RISKS FOR THE FOLLOW-UP PERIOD OF 1986–2014
Authors: Ivanov V. K. , Kashcheev V. V. , Karpenko S. V. , Glebova S. E. , Tumanov K. A. , Chekin S. Yu. , Maksyutov M. A. , Korelo A. M. , Lovachev S. S. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: December 2018

Leukemia incidence in the cohort of Russian male recovery operation workers (liquidators) was estimated at 78110 people for the follow-up period 1986-2014. The average age of the liquidators at the time of entry into the zone of works for liquidation of the Chernobyl accident was 34 years. Radiation risk of leukemia incidence (with the exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia) was analyzed for liquidators who had official data on the individual dose of external gamma radiation of the entire body accumulated over the period of work. During the follow-up period, 157 cases of leukemia were detected (with the exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Collection and verification of data of hemoblastoses cases among persons exposed to radiation exposure was carried out according to a specially developed algorithm. The average dose of the liquidators was 108 mGy. During the period 1986–1997 was established a statistically significant (p<0.05) linear dose dependence of the leukemia incidence with an excess relative risk of ERR/Gy=4.17 (90% CI: 0.18, 13.24). From 1998 until the end of the follow-up period, as well as for the entire follow-up period (from 1986 to 2014), no statistically significant estimates of excess relative risk were found. For mortality, no statistically significant estimates of excess relative risk and relative risk were found for any of the observation periods. The obtained estimates of the radiation risk of morbidity indicate that a statistically significant excess leukemia incidence of liquidators, which may be associated with external gamma irradiation, is manifested in the first decade after exposure.
MODERN STRATEGY OF HEALTH PROTECTION AND MEDICAL MEASURES IN RADIATION ACCIDENTS
Authors: Grebenyuk A. N. , Legeza V. I. , Milyaev A. V. , Starkov A. V.
Published: December 2018

A review of the complex of health protection and medical measures ensuring the prevention of deterministic and reducing the probability of stochastic effects of irradiation during radiation accidents is presented. It is shown that the most effective methods of ensuring radiation safety at radiation accidents are protection by time, protection by distance and shielding of the irradiated object. Medical means of anti-radiation protection are used in addition to collective and individual technical means when it is impossible to avoid over-standard radiation exposure. Classification of antiradiation medicines, including radioprotectors, means for stimulating the radioresistance of the organism, means for preventing and stopping the primary reaction to irradiation, means for preventing and treating injures from irradiation by incorporated radionuclides, means for treating acute bone marrow syndrome, and means for treating local radiation injures of the skin and mucous are given. The list of medical means of antiradiation protection registered in the Russian Federation is presented. Characteristics of first-aid kits, medical bags, medical equipment kits, medical evacuation devices intended for the first aid and medical assistance in the outbreak of a radiation accident and at the stages of medical evacuation are given. The nomenclature of medicines and volumes of the reserve of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation intended for liquidation of consequences of emergency situations of radiation nature are given. It is concluded that the Russian Federation has developed and implemented a modern strategy to protect personnel, rescuers and the population in emergency situations of radiation nature, including organizational, technical, hygienic and medical measures in the outbreak of a radiation accident and at the stages of medical evacuation.
SPECIALIZED AND HIGH-TECH MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE VICTIMS OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NPP IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE UNION STATE
Authors: Aleksanin S. S. , Rybnikov V. Yu. , Rogalev K. K. , Gudz Yu. V. , Dudarenko S. V.
Published: December 2018

This paper presents the experience and features of the organization and provision of specialized and hightech medical care to victims of the Chernobyl accident in the framework of the activities of the Union State in the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine EMERCOM of Russia. It reveals the features of the morbidity, disability and mortality of the injured in the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The paper presents the data on the types and amount of medical assistance provided to victims of the Chernobyl accident for the period from 2007 to 2018 as well as the features of the organization of rendering specialized, including hi-tech, medical assistance and medical rehabilitation to participants of liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl accident and inhabitants of the radioactively contaminated territories.
THE RESULTS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE UNIFIED SYSTEM OF INDIVIDUAL DOSE CONTROL OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CITIZENS BASED ON THE 2017 DATA
Authors: Barkovsky A. N. , Akhmatdinov R. R. , Akhmatdinov R. R. , Baryshkov N. K. , Biblin A. M. , Bratilova A. A. , Zhuravleva V. E. , Kormanovskaya T. A. , Kuvshinnikov S. I. , Romanovich I. K. , Sivenkov A. G. , Tutelyan O. E. , Tsovyanov A. G.
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of the generalized analysis of the data on staff, patient, and public doses from ionizing radiation obtained from the Unified System of Individual Dose Control for 2017. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the annual data from the forms of Federal State Statistical. Observation No.1-DOZ (staff individual doses), No.2-DOZ (doses from radiation accidents), No.3-DOZ (patient doses) and No.4- DOZ (public doses from natural and technogenically impacted background). The information is submitted by the organizations and territories under the supervision of the Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of the Russian Federation. The article is based on the data obtained within the framework of Radiation-Hygiene passportization. In 2017, 18 324 organizations working with the artificial radiation sources submitted the form No.1-DOZ. The form No.1-DOZ contains data on 235 271 staff individual doses, 215 290 of the staff group A and 19 981 the staff group B with individual monitoring. In 2017, the average individual dose for the staff group A was 1,23 mSv, the staff group B – 0,67 mSv. In 2017, 13 036 healthcare organizations submitted the form No.3- DOZ. According to the No.3-DOZ data, more than 286 mln. X-ray procedures were conducted in the Russian Federation in 2017. An average dose per capita from medical exposure was 0,55 mSv/year and a mean dose per an X-ray examination was 0,28 mSv. In 2017, the form No.4-DOZ contained data on 8 130 measurements of gamma-radiation dose rate in wooden houses, 1 557 measurements in one-storey stone houses, 126 550 measurements in multi-storey stone houses and 178 138 measurements on the open ground As well as the results of 4 417 measurements of radon concentration levels in wooden houses, 5 971 measurements in one-storey stone houses, 57 461 measurements in multi-storey stone houses. The public average effective dose from natural ionizing radiation sources corresponded to 3.34 mSv/year, the average values for the subjects of the Russian Federation fall in the range from 2,15 mSv/year (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) to 8,9 mSv/year (Altai republic). The article includes the Annexes with the final generalized forms of the Unified System of Individual Dose Control in 2017 based on the forms of statistical observations No. 1-, 3- and 4-DOZ of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DE IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE PEQUENO PORTE DO NOROESTE DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Martel Magliani Reis Fiorin , Flora Gabrieli Della , Lini Ezequiel Vitório
Published: December 2018

Com o aumento da longevidade, é possível observar uma maior parcela de idosos, os quais muitas vezes apresentam déficits na capacidade física, mental e cognitiva. Em decorrência deste fenômeno surgiram Instituições de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPIs), designada ao cuidado dos idosos, tanto para aqueles que necessitam de uma assistência maior quanto para aqueles que apresentam uma boa independência funcional. Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de capacidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados, identificando suas principais limitações no domínio cognitivo e motor. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e analítico com 12 idosos residentes da ILPI em um município do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados como instrumentos norteadores um questionário sociodemográfico e a medida de independência funcional (MIF). Resultados: Os idosos institucionalizados apresentaram na escala total da MIF independência funcional completa com escore de 116,42 ±14,0, porém o item de domínio cognitivo correspondeu a cognição social apresentando escore de 16,92 ±3,73. Conclusão: Os idosos institucionalizados apresentaram resultado final independência completa, porém os escores da cognição social mais especificamente a resolução de problemas teve pior desempenho.
IMPACTO DE GRUPOS DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE HIPERTENSOS E DIABÉTICOS
Authors: De Oliveira Tiago Bittencourt
Published: December 2018

Avaliou-se o impacto dos grupos de educação em saúde na qualidade de vida de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos. Este estudo foi composto por pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos da cidade de Santo Ângelo-RS, participantes de grupos de educação em saúde realizados por bolsistas do projeto PET/Vigilância em Saúde da Universidade Regional Integrada de Santo Ângelo-RS. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio do questionário sócio demográfico e questionário padronizado de qualidade de vida chamado WHOQOL-bref, aplicados no início da realização dos grupos (até o terceiro encontro) e, após 6 meses de realização dos mesmos. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, através do Teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Foram entrevistados 9 indivíduos, sendo 66,7% do sexo masculino, com idade acima dos 51 anos e escolaridade com predomínio entre a 5º-8º série (44,44%). Cerca de 55,55% eram hipertensos e diabéticos e usavam preferencialmente o SUS (77,77%) como local de controle de suas patologias. Em relação aos domínios do WHOQOL-bref, o domínio psicológico apresentou mudança (p=0,041), sendo esta negativa, após as atividades de educação em saúde. De acordo com os resultados, observou-se que as atividades de educação em saúde não provocaram mudanças significantes, exceto no domínio psicológico que apresentou mudança negativa, esta falta de modificações pode ser devido a alguns fatores como período relativamente curto de trabalho, baixa escolaridade e faixa etária elevada do grupo. Mesmo assim, observou-se que, no geral, os indivíduos avaliados apresentaram uma percepção positiva em relação a sua qualidade de vida.
Cardiovascular Effects of Flavonoids
Authors: Sánchez Manuel , Romero Miguel , Gómez-Guzmán Manuel , Tamargo Juan , Pérez-Vizcaino Francisco , Duarte Juan
Published: December 2018

:

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the major cause of death worldwide, especially in Western
society. Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants, present
in a considerable amount in fruit and vegetable. Several epidemiological studies found an inverse association
between flavonoids intake and mortality by CVD. The antioxidant effect of flavonoids was
considered the main mechanism of action of flavonoids and other polyphenols. In recent years, the role
of modulation of signaling pathways by direct interaction of flavonoids with multiple protein targets,
namely kinases, has been increasingly recognized and involved in their cardiovascular protective effect.
There are strong evidence, in in vitro and animal experimental models, that some flavonoids induce
vasodilator effects, improve endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, exert platelet antiaggregant
and atheroprotective effects, and reduce blood pressure. Despite interacting with multiple targets, flavonoids
are surprisingly safe. This article reviews the recent evidence about cardiovascular effects that
support a beneficial role of flavonoids on CVD and the potential molecular targets involved.
Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Particle Size
Authors: Öztürk A. Alper , Gündüz A. Bilge , Ozisik Ozan
Published: December 2018

Aims and Objectives: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are pharmaceutical delivery
systems that have advantages such as controlled drug release, long-term stability etc. Particle Size
(PS) is one of the important criteria of SLNs. These factors affect drug release rate, bio-distribution
etc. In this study, the formulation of SLNs using high-speed homogenization technique has been
evaluated. The main emphasis of the work is to study whether the effect of mixing time and
formulation ingredients on PS can be modeled. For this purpose, different machine learning
algorithms have been applied and evaluated using the mean absolute error metric.

Materials and Methods:

SLNs were prepared by high-speed homogenizaton. PS, size distribution
and zeta potential measurements were performed on freshly prepared samples. In order to model the
formulation of the particles in terms of mixing time and formulation ingredients and evaluate the
predictability of PS depending on these parameters, different machine learning algorithms were
applied on the prepared dataset and the performances of the algorithms were also evaluated.

Results:

PS of SLNs obtained was in the range of 263-498nm. The results present that PS of SLNs
can be best estimated by decision tree based methods, among which Random Forest has the least
mean absolute error value with 0.028. As a result, the estimation of machine learning algorithms
demonstrates that particle size can be estimated by both decision rule-based machine learning
methods and function fitting machine learning methods.

Conclusion:

Our findings present that machine learning methods can be highly useful for
determining formulation parameters for further research.
A Novel, Fast and Efficient One-Pot Three-Component Procedure for the Preparation of New Imidazolidinone Derivatives from Isocyanide, Aldehyde and Urea
Authors: Safaei Hamidreza , Firoozi Neda , Zebarjadian Mahboobeh , Jehbez Seyed Ali , Safaei Maryam
Published: December 2018

Background:

Multicomponent processes have played powerful roles in achieving
complex structures, which are also aligned with green chemistry. Thus, MCRs have attracted
considerable interest due to their atom economy, simple experimental procedures, automated
synthesis, convenience and synthetic efficiency. Isocyanides are one of the crucial starting material
in designing MCRs methods. They are unique building blocks in many cycloaddition reactions since
they are able to react with both nucleophiles and electrophiles at the same carbon. Furthermore,
ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound that is highly soluble in water, inexpensive and
commercially available. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic and have been used in
various reactions.

Objective:

This article focuses on design a convenient and straightforward method for assembling
important scaffolds such imidazolidinones through one-pot three-component strategy.

Conclusion:

The straightforward and efficient one-pot three component method for the synthesis of
4-(cyclohexylmethylene)-5-phenylimidazolidin-2-one derivatives is described. This reaction exploits
the formation of imine, which undergoes spontaneous intermolecular cycloaddition with isocyanide,
and generates the desired products in a good yield.
pLoc_bal-mEuk: Predict Subcellular Localization of Eukaryotic Proteins by General PseAAC and Quasi-balancing Training Dataset
Authors: Chou Kuo-Chen , Cheng Xiang , Xiao Xuan
Published: December 2018

Background/Objective: Information of protein subcellular localization is crucially important for both basic research and drug development. With the explosive growth of protein sequences discovered in the post-genomic age, it is highly demanded to develop powerful bioinformatics tools for timely and effectively identifying their subcellular localization purely based on the sequence information alone. Recently, a predictor called “pLoc-mEuk” was developed for identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins. Its performance is overwhelmingly better than that of the other predictors for the same purpose, particularly in dealing with multi-label systems where many proteins, called “multiplex proteins”, may simultaneously occur in two or more subcellular locations. Although it is indeed a very powerful predictor, more efforts are definitely needed to further improve it. This is because pLoc-mEuk was trained by an extremely skewed dataset where some subset was about 200 times the size of the other subsets. Accordingly, it cannot avoid the biased consequence caused by such an uneven training dataset.  Methods: To alleviate such bias, we have developed a new predictor called pLoc_bal-mEuk by quasi-balancing the training dataset. Cross-validation tests on exactly the same experimentconfirmed dataset have indicated that the proposed new predictor is remarkably superior to pLocmEuk, the existing state-of-the-art predictor in identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins. It has not escaped our notice that the quasi-balancing treatment can also be used to deal with many other biological systems.  Results: To maximize the convenience for most experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new predictor has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pLoc_bal-mEuk/.  Conclusion: It is anticipated that the pLoc_bal-Euk predictor holds very high potential to become a useful high throughput tool in identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins, particularly for finding multi-target drugs that is currently a very hot trend trend in drug development.
Comparative Docking Studies: A Drug Design Tool for Some Pyrazine- Thiazolidinone Based Derivatives for Anti-HIV Activity
Authors: Asgaonkar Kalyani Dhirendra , Patil Shital Manoj , Chitre Trupti Sameer , Ghegade Vaibhav Nanabhau , Jadhav Saurabh Radhaji , Sande Sajid Shaukat , Kulkarni Atharva Sudhakar
Published: December 2018

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Pyrazine and Thiazolidinone pharmacophore has diverse biological activities including anti HIV activity.  Aims and Objectives: To study binding behavior of Pyrazine- thiazolidinone derivatives on four different crystal structures of HIV- 1RT.These molecules which were already reported as anti-TB were investigated for dual activity as Anti-HIV and Anti-TB.  Materials and Methods: In the present study we describe a comparative docking study of twentythree derivatives of N-(4-oxo-2 substituted thiazolidin-3-yl) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide. Binding pattern of these derivatives was gauged by molecular docking studies on four different receptors bearing PDB code 1ZD1, 1RT2, 1FKP and 1FK9 of HIV–RT enzyme using V. Life MDS software Genetic algorithm docking method.  Result and Discussion: The studies revealed hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction and pi-pi interactions playing significant role in binding of the molecules to the enzyme.

Conclusion:

Most of the molecules have shown good dock score and binding energy with anti-HIV receptors but Molecules 13 and 14 have potential to act as anti-tubercular and Anti HIV and hence can be further explored for dual activity.
MiR-597 Targeting 14-3-3σ Enhances Cellular Invasion and EMT in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Xie Lisha , Jiang Tao , Cheng Ailan , Zhang Ting , Huang Pin , Li Pei , Wen Gebo , Lei Fanghong , Huang Yun , Tang Xia , Gong Jie , Lin Yunpeng , Kuai Jianke , Huang Weiguo
Published: December 2018

Background:

Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and play an important role in the molecular mechanism of NPC. Our previous studies show low expression of 14-3-3σ (SFN) is related to the metastasis and differentiation of NPC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods:

Through bioinformatics analysis, we find miR-597 is the preferred target miRNA of 14-3-3σ. The expression level of 14-3-3σ in NPC cell lines was detected by Western blotting. The expression of miR-597 in NPC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. We transfected miR-597 mimic, miR-597 inhibitor and 14-3-3σ siRNA into 6-10B cells and then verified the expression of 14-3-3σ and EMT related proteins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin by western blotting. The changes of migration and invasion ability of NPC cell lines before and after transfected were determined by wound healing assay and Transwell assay.

Results:

miR-597 expression was upregulated in NPC cell lines and repaired in related NPC cell lines, which exhibit a potent tumor-forming effect. After inhibiting the miR-597 expression, its effect on NPC cell line was obviously decreased. Moreover, 14-3-3σ acts as a tumor suppressor gene and its expression in NPC cell lines is negatively correlated with miR-597. Here 14-3-3σ was identified as a downstream target gene of miR-597, and its downregulation by miR-597 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes the migration and invasion of NPC.

Conclusion:

Based on these findings, our study will provide theoretical and experimental evidences for molecular targeted therapy of NPC.
Слоевое сопротивление TiAlNiAu тонкопленочной металлизации омических контактов к нитридным полупроводниковым структурам
Authors: Торхов Н.А.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe relation between the geometry of the metric space of the thin-film TiAlNiAu metallic system surface and the geometry of the functional space of the sheet resistances R _ sq of this system is established. Based on the results obtained, the lateral size effect observed in the local approximation is described, which manifests itself in the dependence of the sheet resistance R _ sq of a TiAlNiAu metallic film on its lateral (in the ( x , y ) plane) linear sizes. The dependence of the R _ sq value on the linear sizes is shown to be determined by the fractal geometry of the forming dendrites, specifically, by the power dependence of a variation in the linear sizes on the fractal dimension D _ f . The obtained regularity is of great practical importance for accurate calculation of the R _ sq values ​​of thin-film metal systems in designing discrete devices and integrated circuits and for controlling the technological processes of fabricating thin metallic films and systems based on them at the micrometer and nanometer scales.
Фотоэлектромагнитный эффект, индуцированный терагерцовым излучением, в топологических изоляторах (Bi-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Галеева А.В. , Гоманько М.А. , Тамм М.Е. , Яшина Л.В. , Данилов С.Н. , Рябова Л.И. , Хохлов Д.Р.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe mobility of surface charge carriers is estimated based on an analysis of the photoelectromagnetic effect in three-dimensional (Bi_1 –_ x Sb_ x )_2Te_3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.55) topological insulators. A high degree of degeneracy of the carrier gas in combination with a low energy of the exciting terahertz quantum provide a nonequilibrium process associated exclusively with thermal heating of the carrier. Under these conditions, the photovoltage is determined by the mobility gradient of the surface and bulk carriers. The photovoltage and, consequently, the mobility gradient disappear completely with an increase in the bulk mobility up to 10^5 cm^2 V^–1 s^–1. Photovoltage is clearly observed in the samples with comparatively low bulk mobility under the same experimental conditions.
Энергия связи пластин кремния и сапфира при повышенных температурах соединения
Authors: Тысченко И.Е. , Жанаев Э.Д. , Попов В.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe hydrophilicity of surfaces and the bonding energy of silicon and sapphire wafers at the temperature of joining 50°C are studied. It is established that heating of the Si and Al_2O_3 wafers to 50°C is accompanied by an increase in the degree of hydrophilicity of the wafer surfaces. The effect is attributed to improvement in the surface purity due to the desorption of impurity atoms into vacuum and to an increase in the density of dangling bonds. It is found that the bonding energy of silicon and sapphire wafers joined at a temperature of 50°C and upon further heating in the range 100–250°C is higher compared to the bonding energy of wafers joined at room temperature. The activation energy of the growth of the bonding energy is determined. It is found that this activation energy is 0.57 eV.
Влияние буферного слоя por-Si на оптические свойства эпитаксиальных гетероструктур In-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-N/Si(111) с наноколончатой морфологией пленки
Authors: Середин П.В. , Голощапов Д.Л. , Золотухин Д.С. , Леньшин А.С. , Лукин А.Н. , Мизеров А.М. , Никитина Е.В. , Арсентьев И.Н. , Leiste Harald , Rinke Monika
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntegrated heterostructures exhibiting a nanocolumnar morphology of the In_ x Ga_1 –_ x N film are grown on a single-crystal silicon substrate ( c -Si(111)) and a substrate with a nanoporous buffer sublayer ( por -Si) by molecular-beam epitaxy with the plasma activation of nitrogen. Using a complex of spectroscopic methods of analysis, it is shown that the growth of In_ x Ga_1 –_ x N nanocolumns on the por -Si buffer layer offer a number of advantages over growth on the c -Si substrate. Raman and ultraviolet spectroscopy data support the inference about the growth of a nanocolumn structure and agree with the previously obtained X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicative of the strained, unrelaxed state of the In_ x Ga_1 –_ x N layer. The growth of In_ x Ga_1 –_ x N nanocolumns on the por -Si layer positively influences the optical properties of the heterostructures. At the same half-width of the emission line in the photoluminescence spectrum, the emission intensity for the heterostructure sample grown on the por -Si buffer layer is ~25% higher than the emission intensity for the film grown on the c -Si substrate.
Влияние отжига во фреоне на кристаллическую структуру слоев теллурида кадмия и эффективность пленочных фотоэлектрических преобразователей на их основе
Authors: Хрипунов Г.С. , Мериуц А.В. , Шелест Т.Н. , Хрипунов М.Г.
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolar cells (SCs) based on cadmium-telluride base layers, obtained by thermal evaporation and closed-space sublimation (CSS), are investigated. The base layers are activated via annealing in Freon. Structural and morphological studies are carried out to compare the recrystallization processes occurring during annealing in CdTе layers fabricated by different methods. The output parameters and light diode characteristics of the SCs are investigated, and the possibility of applying Freon annealing in the commercial production technology of thin-film CdS/CdTе SCs with base layers formed by thermal vacuum evaporation is analyzed.
Осаждение пленок кремния, легированных бором и фосфором газоструйным плазмохимическим методом
Authors: Щукин В.Г. , Шарафутдинов Р.Г. , Константинов В.О.
Published: December 2018

AbstractDoped silicon films are fabricated using diborane and phosphine as doping gases by gas-jet plasma-chemical deposition with the application of an electron beam. The influence of the dopant-gas concentration, the addition of a fluorine-containing gas, and the background pressure on the conductivity and crystalline structure of silicon layers is investigated. Boron-doped amorphous films ( a -Si:H) with a conductivity up to 5.2 × 10^–3 (Ω cm)^–1 are fabricated; when doping with phosphorus, microcrystalline silicon films ( mc -Si:H) with a crystallinity up to 70% and conductivity at a level of 1 (Ω cm)^–1 are fabricated.
Роль 3d-электронной подсистемы в эволюции зонной структуры, магнитных и оптических свойств соединений ErNi-=SUB=-5-x-=/SUB=-Co-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=- (x=0-4)
Authors: Князев Ю.В. , Лукоянов А.В. , Кузьмин Ю.И. , Кучин А.Г.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe evolution of the electronic structure and optical and magnetic properties of ErNi_5 – _ x Co_ x compounds ( x = 0–4), occurring upon substitution of nickel by cobalt atoms, has been investigated. Spin-polarization calculations of the band spectrum of these intermetallic compounds have been performed within the local spin density approximation with a correction for strong electron correlations in the 4 f shell of a rare-earth ion (method LSDA+U). The values of magnetic moments for erbium, nickel, and cobalt ions (located at different crystallographic sites) are obtained. The exchange-interaction parameters for the 3 d sublattice of transition metals are determined. The spectral properties of the compounds have been investigated in the wavelength range of 0.22–15 μm by optical ellipsometry. The experimental frequency dependences of the optical conductivity in the interband absorption region are compared with the corresponding characteristics calculated based on the density of electronic states.
О возможных состояниях кристаллической структуры, предшествующих фазовому переходу в кристаллах Zn-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-V-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Se (0.01≤ x≤0.10)
Authors: Максимов В.И. , Максимова Е.Н. , Суркова Т.П. , Вохмянин А.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe systematic new formations observed in the reciprocal lattice of the cubic structural modification of a II–VI compound are characterized using a detailed neutron diffraction study of bulk semiconducting ZnSe crystals with an increased vanadium content. Direct evidence that the additional sites k = (1/3 1/3 1/3) 2π/ a ( k is the wave vector and a is cubic unit cell parameter) observed by neutron scattering in the crystals, in the case when they belong to mutually penetrated rotated sublattices, contain a superstructure contribution formed by short-wave deformation, is obtained for the first time. This structure state is determined as a pretransition to the concentration fcc–hcp phase transformation, and the basis functions that allow one to analyze atomic displacements, the correlation between which create distortion-type superstructures, are indicated for the transition through one-arm channel, considering the transitions by the star of wave vector k _5 of the fcc lattice.
Связанные магнитостатические электронно-ядерные колебания в магнитных материалах
Authors: Борич М.А. , Савченко С.П. , Танкеев А.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractMagnetization dynamics in spheroidal ferromagnetic samples is studied theoretically. It is shown that, in a magnetostatic approximation, electronic-nuclear magnetostatic modes with a discrete spectrum of eigen oscillations exist in such samples. The structure and the field dependence of the frequencies of these oscillations are substantially dependent on the parameter of the spheroid shape that is the ratio of it’s axes and also on the external magnetic field value. In a certain region of values of these parameters, the dependence of the eigenfrequencies of the system on them becomes nontrivial. The external field strength and the sample shape determine not only the eigenfrequencies in the system, but also the number of the eigenmodes. In addition, for each of the eigenmodes, there exists a “forbidden” region of magnetic fields and shape parameters in which this mode cannot be observed.
Электрическая поляризация в YCrO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-, индуцированная локальными полярными областями магнитной и структурной природы
Authors: Санина В.А. , Ханнанов Б.Х. , Головенчиц Е.И. , Щеглов М.П.
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe electric polarization induced by local polar domains of two types (phase separation domains of magnetic nature and structure-distorted domains) has been observed in a YCrO_3 single crystal. These domains form a superparaelectric state. Below some temperatures, in the frozen superparaelectric state, the pyrocurrent maxima and the hysteresis loops with remanent polarization are observed as along axis c so in directions [110]. The polarization exists to the temperatures depending on the orientation of electric field with respect to the crystal axes. The sources of formation of such local domains are analyzed and their properties are studied.