bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MapLearn: uma abordagem para apoiar a elaboração de cenários de aprendizagem baseado em personas
Authors: Welter Eline F. de A. , Zaina Luciana , Santos Renato F. L. dos
Published: November 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem para apoiar o professor na elaboração de cenários de aprendizagem centrando-se na percepção sobre o perfil dos alunos. Para isto, a abordagem apoiou-se no fundamento de personas adaptando o uso de mapas de empatia para o contexto de aprendizagem eletrônica. Um estudos de caso com professores foi conduzido para validação da abordagem. A proposta traz contribuições para guiar o professor no uso e criação de ambientes e objetos de aprendizagem eletrônica considerando o perfil dos alunos.
Licenciatura em Computação: Desafios e Oportunidades na Perspectiva do Estudante
Authors: Santos Wilk Oliveira dos , Silva Célia , Hinterholz Lucas
Published: November 2017

A Informática na Educação encontra-se em uma situação paradoxal, trazendo a tona uma série de desafios no âmbito do uso das novas tecnologias digitais na educação, bem como do próprio ensino da Computação enquanto ciência. No intuito de formar um profissional capaz de lidar com estas situações, foi criado o curso de Licenciatura em Computação que tem se expandido e trazido à tona uma série discussões. Este artigo apresenta estudo que tem por objetivo identificar e discutir desafios e oportunidades do curso na perspectiva do estudante. Os indicadores apontam para três desafios e oportunidades principais: (i) articulação entre teoria e prática na perspectiva da formação docente, (ii) estruturação e organização dos estágios supervisionados e (iii) promoção e abrangência das oportunidades ao egresso.
Dados Educacionais Abertos: Associações em dados dos inscritos do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio
Authors: Gomes Tancicleide , Gouveia Roberta , Batista Maria Conceição
Published: November 2017

A mineração de dados educacionais oferece aos gestores e educadores subsídios para a tomada de decisão, bem como perspectivas para mitigar desafios do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Deste modo, este trabalho busca aplicar técnicas e métodos de mineração de dados no intuito de descobrir regras de associação em dados estatísticos educacionais oriundos do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) no âmbito da região Nordeste.
Tecnologias Digitais e Cidadania: visões e políticas públicas relacionadas à inclusão digital em João Pessoa
Authors: Rodrigues Nadja , Batista Mércia
Published: November 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de um projeto que alia pesquisa e extensão nas reflexões sobre Inclusão Digital (ID) e na proposição de políticas e ações sobre o tema. O trabalho realiza-se através da análise das relações entre as reflexões conceituais sobre ID cidadã e a práxis das ações promovidas através de programas e projetos de extensão, em um estudo de caso no IFPB. Os resultados sugerem que as sociedades contemporâneas se conformam como redes apoiadas por TDIC, mas apesar dos discursos inclusivos da ID, algumas ações desenvolvem a técnica sem conexão com a cidadania. A ID efetiva requer acesso a TDIC e qualificação cidadã, relações horizontais e protagonismo das comunidades nos ciclos das políticas públicas.
Letramento digital na EJA: integrando Cultura Digital, Língua Portuguesa e Literatura
Authors: Benvenuti Juçara , Rapkiewicz Clevi Elena
Published: November 2017

Este artigo apresenta o trabalho realizado por meio da integração entre Cultura Digital, Língua Portuguesa e Literatura com alunos de EJA. As ações pedagógicas uniram os temas educação e trabalho para expandir a visão que os alunos já trazem consigo ao chegar à escola. Esta proposta surgiu após o estudo que apontou que o letramento está muito além da alfabetização, devido às implicações sociais do uso da leitura e da escrita (Magda Soares), o qual pode também antecipar que o processo de letramento digital está além da inclusão digital ao preconizar o uso social das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Uma metodologia dinâmica e variada garantiu resultados que apontam avanço no modo de raciocinar em rede, desenvolvimento da autoria, além do aumento no letramento digital com apropriação de diferentes ferramentas e recursos.
Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação na Extensão Universitária: Projeto Redação ENEM
Authors: Pereira Juliana Wolf , Gonçalves Marcelo R. B. , Santos Marilde T. P. , Oliveira Cláudia R. T. , Leite Daniel M. T. , Lima Iara N. S. , Nunes Adriana V.
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência do desenvolvimento, disponibilização e avaliação de tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (TDIC) em projetos de extensão universitária. O estudo em questão trata da concepção e implementação de TDIC, suas aplicações e análise de seus resultados no Projeto de Extensão Redação ENEM, realizado entre a universidade e escolas de ensino médio. Com a avaliação das TDIC em ações de extensão, os resultados mostraram alto grau de satisfação do público alvo atingido. Isso reforça o impacto positivo do uso da tecnologia aplicada ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem em ações de políticas públicas para a sociedade.
A Utilização de Ferramentas Tecnológicas no Ensino e Aprendizagem em Matemática para Alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Stochero Anderson , Kopplin Bruna Willig , Forrati Samuel , Pereira Andrea , Stamberg Cristiane da Silva
Published: November 2017

Este estudo problematiza o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas no ensino e aprendizagem da matemática para alunos com deficiência. Nesse sentido, a necessidade de implementar o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas na educação requer um repensar da prática pedagógica, com um redimensionamento da escola que consiste não somente na aceitação, mas também na valorização das diferenças. O estudo encontra-se em fase de implementação e análise dos fatores mais relevantes acerca das características do sujeito autista, através de entrevistas com profissionais da área, educadores, associações e os próprios sujeitos da pesquisa.
The genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Saudi Arabia, with twelve new species records and the description of five new species
Authors: Gadallah Neveen S. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Rousse Pascal , Al Dhafer Hathal M.
Published: November 2017

The species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 in Saudi Arabia are reviewed. Six species have previously been recorded from Saudi Arabia: E. brevicornis (Masi, 1939), E. capensis (Thunberg, 1822), E. nervellator Aubert, 1966, E. perlatus Shestakov, 1926, E. psammus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978 and E. oculator Seyrig, 1935. Five new species are described and illustrated in this paper: Enicospilus arabicus Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov., E. mirabilis Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov., E. pseudoculator Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov., E. shadaensis Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov. and E. splendidus Rousse, Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov. Twelve species are newly recorded for the fauna of Saudi Arabia, thus raising the total number to 23 species: E. bicoloratus Cameron, 1912, E. divisus (Seyrig, 1935), E. dubius (Tosquinet, 1896), E. grandiflavus Townes & Townes, 1973, E. odax Gauld & Mitchell, 1978, E. oweni Gauld & Mitchell, 1976, E. pacificus (Holmgren, 1868), E. pallidus (Taschenberg, 1875), E. rundiensis Bischoff, 1915, E. senescens (Tosquinet, 1896), Enicospilus sp. 1 and Enicospilus sp. 2 cf. bicoloratus Cameron, 1912. The unknown male of E. odax is described for the first time. The COI barcodes of 17 specimens were sequenced, compared to the existing data and uploaded to the BOLD Systems database. An illustrated key and an annotated faunistic list of all species of Enicospilus in Saudi Arabia are also provided. Finally, we discuss the biogeographical and ecological significance of the Enicospilus fauna in Saudi Arabia.
The liquid structure of elastin
Authors: Rauscher Sarah , Pomès Régis
Published: November 2017

The protein elastin imparts extensibility, elastic recoil, and resilience to tissues including arterial walls, skin, lung alveoli, and the uterus. Elastin and elastin-like peptides are hydrophobic, disordered, and undergo liquid-liquid phase separation upon self-assembly. Despite extensive study, the structure of elastin remains controversial. We use molecular dynamics simulations on a massive scale to elucidate the structural ensemble of aggregated elastin-like peptides. Consistent with the entropic nature of elastic recoil, the aggregated state is stabilized by the hydrophobic effect. However, self-assembly does not entail formation of a hydrophobic core. The polypeptide backbone forms transient, sparse hydrogen-bonded turns and remains significantly hydrated even as self-assembly triples the extent of non-polar side chain contacts. Individual chains in the assembly approach a maximally-disordered, melt-like state which may be called the liquid state of proteins. These findings resolve long-standing controversies regarding elastin structure and function and afford insight into the phase separation of disordered proteins.
Capillary pericytes mediate coronary no-reflow after myocardial ischaemia
Authors: O'Farrell Fergus M , Mastitskaya Svetlana , Hammond-Haley Matthew , Freitas Felipe , Wah Wen Rui , Attwell David
Published: November 2017

After cardiac ischaemia, a prolonged decrease of coronary microvascular perfusion often occurs even after flow is restored in an upstream artery. This 'no-reflow' phenomenon worsens patient prognosis. In the brain, after stroke, a similar post-ischaemic 'no-reflow' has been attributed to capillary constriction by contractile pericytes. We now show that occlusion of a rat coronary artery, followed by reperfusion, blocks 40% of cardiac capillaries and halves perfused blood volume within the affected region. Capillary blockages colocalised strongly with pericytes, where capillary diameter was reduced by 37%. The pericyte relaxant adenosine increased capillary diameter by 21% at pericyte somata, decreased capillary block by 25% and increased perfusion volume by 57%. Thus, cardiac pericytes constrict coronary capillaries and reduce microvascular blood flow after ischaemia, despite re-opening of the culprit artery. Cardiac pericytes are therefore a novel therapeutic target in ischaemic heart disease.
Atg9 antagonizes TOR signaling to regulate intestinal cell growth and epithelial homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Wen Jung-Kun , Wang Yi-Ting , Chan Chih-Chiang , Hsieh Cheng-Wen , Liao Hsiao-Man , Hung Chin-Chun , Chen Guang-Chao
Published: November 2017

Autophagy is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival under various stress conditions. Autophagy-related gene 9 (Atg9) encodes a multipass transmembrane protein thought to act as a membrane carrier for forming autophagosomes. However, the molecular regulation and physiological importance of Atg9 in animal development remain largely unclear. Here, we generated Atg9 null mutant flies and found that loss of Atg9 led to shortened lifespan, locomotor defects, and increased susceptibility to stress. Atg9 loss also resulted in aberrant adult midgut morphology with dramatically enlarged enterocytes. Interestingly, inhibiting the TOR signaling pathway rescued the midgut defects of the Atg9 mutants. In addition, Atg9 interacted with PALS1-associated tight junction protein (Patj), which associates with TSC2 to regulate TOR activity. Depletion of Atg9 caused a marked decrease in TSC2 levels. Our findings revealed an antagonistic relationship between Atg9 and TOR signaling in the regulation of cell growth and tissue homeostasis.
Mechanical force induces mitochondrial fission
Authors: Helle Sebastian Carsten Johannes , Feng Qian , Aebersold Mathias J , Hirt Luca , Grüter Raphael R , Vahid Afshin , Sirianni Andrea , Mostowy Serge , Snedeker Jess G , Šarić Anđela , Idema Timon , Zambelli Tomaso , Kornmann Benoît
Published: November 2017

Eukaryotic cells are densely packed with macromolecular complexes and intertwining organelles, continually transported and reshaped. Intriguingly, organelles avoid clashing and entangling with each other in such limited space. Mitochondria form extensive networks constantly remodeled by fission and fusion. Here, we show that mitochondrial fission is triggered by mechanical forces. Mechano-stimulation of mitochondria – via encounter with motile intracellular pathogens, via external pressure applied by an atomic force microscope, or via cell migration across uneven microsurfaces – results in the recruitment of the mitochondrial fission machinery, and subsequent division. We propose that MFF, owing to affinity for narrow mitochondria, acts as a membrane-bound force sensor to recruit the fission machinery to mechanically strained sites. Thus, mitochondria adapt to the environment by sensing and responding to biomechanical cues. Our findings that mechanical triggers can be coupled to biochemical responses in membrane dynamics may explain how organelles orderly cohabit in the crowded cytoplasm.
Structural insight into TPX2-stimulated microtubule assembly
Authors: Zhang Rui , Roostalu Johanna , Surrey Thomas , Nogales Eva
Published: November 2017

During mitosis and meiosis, microtubule (MT) assembly is locally upregulated by the chromatin-dependent Ran-GTP pathway. One of its key targets is the MT-associated spindle assembly factor TPX2. The molecular mechanism of how TPX2 stimulates MT assembly remains unknown because structural information about the interaction of TPX2 with MTs is lacking. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a central region of TPX2 bound to the MT surface. TPX2 uses two flexibly linked elements (’ridge’ and ‘wedge’) in a novel interaction mode to simultaneously bind across longitudinal and lateral tubulin interfaces. These MT-interacting elements overlap with the binding site of importins on TPX2. Fluorescence microscopy-based in vitro reconstitution assays reveal that this interaction mode is critical for MT binding and facilitates MT nucleation. Together, our results suggest a molecular mechanism of how the Ran-GTP gradient can regulate TPX2-dependent MT formation.
The role of MEF2 transcription factors in dehydration and anoxia survival inRana sylvaticaskeletal muscle
Authors: Hoyeck Myriam P. , Hadj-Moussa Hanane , Storey Kenneth B.
Published: November 2017

The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) can endure freezing of up to 65% of total body water during winter. When frozen, wood frogs enter a dormant state characterized by a cessation of vital functions (i.e., no heartbeat, blood circulation, breathing, brain activity, or movement). Wood frogs utilize various behavioural and biochemical adaptations to survive extreme freezing and component anoxia and dehydration stresses, including a global suppression of metabolic functions and gene expression. The stress-responsive myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factor family regulates the selective expression of genes involved in glucose transport, protein quality control, and phosphagen homeostasis. This study examined the role of MEF2A and MEF2C proteins as well as select downstream targets (glucose transporter-4, calreticulin, and muscle and brain creatine kinase isozymes) in 40% dehydration and 24 h anoxia exposure at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and subcellular localization.Mef2a/ctranscript levels remained constant during dehydration and anoxia. Total, cytoplasmic, and nuclear MEF2A/C and phospho-MEF2A/C protein levels remained constant during dehydration, whereas a decrease in total MEF2C levels was observed during rehydration. Total and phospho-MEF2A levels remained constant during anoxia, whereas total MEF2C levels decreased during 24 h anoxia and P-MEF2C levels increased during 4 h anoxia. In contrast, cytoplasmic MEF2A levels and nuclear phospho-MEF2A/C levels were upregulated during anoxia. MEF2 downstream targets remained constant during dehydration and anoxia, with the exception ofglut4which was upregulated during anoxia. These results suggest that the upregulated MEF2 response reported in wood frogs during freezing may in part stem from their cellular responses to surviving prolonged anoxia, rather than dehydration, leading to an increase in GLUT4 expression which may have an important role during anoxia survival.
Effect of season, sex and reproduction on zinc concentration in the soft tissues of Meretrix casta (Chemnitz) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) collected from Vellar Estuary, Porto Novo, India
Authors: Rajan A , Shanthi B , Kalyani M
Published: November 2017

The investigation was undertaken to determine the impact of ecological and biological factors on the bio-accumulation of zinc in Meretrix casta collected from Vellar Estuary. The concentration of zinc in water, sediment, whole animal tissues and different soft body parts, such as adductor muscle, foot, mantle, gill, gonad and digestive diverticula of both male and female, were analysed separately. A high concentration of zinc was discernible during the monsoon, whereas it was low during summer. The metal concentration in the sediment was higher than in the water and body tissues. Among the body tissues, gill tissues showed high values followed by the mantle, digestive diverticula, gonad, foot and adductor muscle. A statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between zinc concentration in body tissues and ambient medium. A significant negative relationship was encountered between salinity and zinc concentration in animal body tissues.
Association of High Anti–Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Seropositivity and Lean Mass Index With Low Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wysham Katherine D. , Shoback Dolores M. , Imboden John B. , Katz Patricia P.
Published: November 2017

Objective

Osteoporotic fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have twice the risk of osteoporosis‐related fracture than age‐matched controls, the causes for which remain unknown. We investigated contributions of RA characteristics, medication use, and body composition to low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with RA.

Methods

Data were from the Arthritis, Body Composition, and Disability Study (n = 138; 82 women, 56 men). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and functional variables were collected at study visits. Body composition (fat, lean muscle, and BMD) was measured by dual x‐ray absorptiometry. Linear regression analyses evaluated the association between predictors and femoral neck BMD.

Results

Average disease duration was 19 years, 70% of patients were rheumatoid factor positive, and 55% were high‐positive anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP). Age and high anti‐CCP positivity were negatively associated with BMD after controlling for other variables (β = −0.003 and −0.055, respectively, P < 0.05). Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) was positively associated with BMD (β = 0.053, P < 0.0001). In high anti‐CCP positivity participants, increasing anti‐CCP levels were associated with a negative linear trend in BMD (β = −0.011, P = 0.026).

Conclusion

High anti‐CCP positivity and ALMI were strongly associated with BMD in patients with RA. The linear relationship of anti‐CCP levels with lower BMD supports the hypothesis that processes specific to RA negatively impact BMD. In contrast, ALMI was positively associated with BMD, emphasizing the importance of this potentially modifiable risk factor. Our findings highlight the complicated interplay of RA disease‐specific and functional factors and their impact on bone mass.
r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
Authors: Yang Fan , Kawabata Eriko , Tufail Muhammad , Brown John J. , Takeda Makio
Published: November 2017

North America has distinct types of Hyphantria moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)‐ and black (BL)‐headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be connected in the haplotype network with 95% confidence. The two lineages are separated by 3.1% sequence divergence and should be considered for full species status. The estimated split occurred 1.2–1.6 million years ago. The range of the RD type covered most of the continent, whereas that of the BL type was limited to eastern deciduous forests. Several biological characteristics were differentiated in the zone of cohabitation where BL had more annual generations than RD. Spring emergence of BL precedes that of RD in the field by at least 1 month, because the diapause in BL was shallow, whereas it was deep in RD. Voltinism requires discreteness of numbers, which functions as a sink of hybrids between the two parental lines that have distinct but equally adaptive reproductive strategies; BL may be more r‐strategist‐like and RD more K‐strategist‐like, because fast‐developing BL has multivoltine life cycle, investing less silk proteins as the round‐the‐clock feeder, and slow‐developing RD univoltine one investing more silk as the nocturnal feeder. Also, intensity of diapause, deep in RD and weak in BL, was grossly different, which may enforce segregation of spring adults. Allochronic speciation avoiding coincidental occurrence of adult stages is therefore the most likely scenario. Because the adults never meet in nature, large morphological differentiation is not required.
Numerous mitochondrial DNA haplotypes reveal multiple independent polyploidy origins of hexaploids in Carassius species complex
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Li , Li Xi‐Yin , Jiang Fang‐Fang , Wang Zhong‐Wei , Li Zhi , Zhang Xiao‐Juan , Zhou Li , Gui Jian‐Fang
Published: November 2017

Evolutionary trajectory and occurrence history of polyploidy have been extensively studied in plants, but they remain quite elusive in vertebrates. Here, we sampled and gathered 4,159 specimens of polyploid Carassius species complex including 1,336 tetraploids and 2,823 hexaploids from a large geographic scale (49 localities) across East Asia, and identified a huge number of 427 diverse haplotypes of mitochondrial control region, in which 74 haplotypes with total occurrence frequency up to 75.498% were shared by hexaploids and tetraploids. Significantly, these diverse haplotypes were clustered into four major lineages, and many haplotypes of hexaploids and tetraploids were intermixed in every lineage. Moreover, the evolutionary trajectory and occurrence history of four different lineages were revealed by a simplified time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree, and their geographic distribution frequencies and haplotype diversity were also analyzed. Furthermore, lineage C and D were revealed to undergo population expansion throughout mainland China. Therefore, our current data indicate that hexaploids should undergo multiple independent polyploidy origins from sympatric tetraploids in the polyploid Carassius species complex across East Asia.
Chronic disease in the Mojave desert tortoise: Host physiology and recrudescence obscure patterns of pathogen transmission
Authors: Sandmeier Franziska C. , Maloney K. Nichole , Tracy C. Richard , Hyde David , Mohammadpour Hamid , Marlow Ron , DuPré Sally , Hunter Kenneth
Published: November 2017

A seminatural, factorial‐design experiment was used to quantify dynamics of the pathogen Mycoplasma agassizii and upper respiratory tract disease in the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) over 2 years. Groups of initially healthy animals were separated into serologically positive (seropositive), seronegative, and artificially infected groups and paired into 23 pens. We found no evidence of long‐term immune protection to M. agassizii or of immunological memory. Initially seronegative, healthy tortoises experienced an equal amount of disease when paired with other seronegative groups as when paired with seropositive and artificially infected groups—suggesting that recrudescence is as significant as transmission in introducing disease in individuals in this host–pathogen system. Artificially infected groups of tortoises showed reduced levels of morbidity when paired with initially seronegative animals—suggesting either a dilution effect or a strong effect of pathogen load in this system. Physiological dynamics within the host appear to be instrumental in producing morbidity, recrudescence, and infectiousness, and thus of population‐level dynamics. We suggest new avenues for studying diseases in long‐lived ectothermic vertebrates and a shift in modeling such diseases.
The research gap in chronic paediatric pain: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Boulkedid R. , Abdou A.Y. , Desselas E. , Monégat M. , de Leeuw T.G. , Avez‐Couturier J. , Dugue S. , Mareau C. , Charron B. , Alberti C. , Kaguelidou F. ,   the GAPP Consortium
Published: November 2017

Background and Objective

Chronic pain is associated with significant functional and social impairment. The objective of this review was to assess the characteristics and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pain management interventions in children and adolescents with chronic pain.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to July 2017. We included RCTs that involved children and adolescents (3 months‐18 years) and evaluated the use of pharmacological or non‐pharmacological intervention(s) in the context of pain persisting or re‐occurring for more than 3 months. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) Tool.

Results

A total of 58 RCTs were identified and numbers steadily increased over time. The majority were conducted in single hospital institutions, with no information on study funding. Median sample size was 47.5 participants (Q1,Q3: 32, 70). Forty‐five percent of RCTs included both adults and children and the median of the mean ages at inclusion was 12.9 years (Q1,Q3: 11, 15). Testing of non‐pharmacological interventions was predominant and only 5 RCTs evaluated analgesics or co‐analgesics. Abdominal pain, headache/migraine and musculoskeletal pain were the most common types of chronic pain among participants. Methodological quality was poor with 90% of RCTs presenting a high or unclear ROB.

Conclusions

Evaluation of analgesics targeting chronic pain relief in children and adolescents through RCTs is marginal. Infants and children with long‐lasting painful conditions are insufficiently represented in RCTs. We discuss possible research constraints and challenges as well as methodologies to circumvent them.

Significance

There is a substantial research gap regarding analgesic interventions for children and adolescents with chronic pain. Most clinical trials in the field focus on the evaluation of non‐pharmacological interventions and are of low methodological quality. There is also a specific lack of trials involving infants and children and adolescents with long‐lasting diseases.
Behaviour of lockbolts in slip‐resistant connections for steel structures
Authors: Ebert Andreas , Dörre Maik , Glienke Ralf
Published: November 2017

HV bolts are often used for safe and durable connections in steel structures. However, this well‐known and established bolting system has some disadvantages. Those include the scattering of the initial preload by the torque‐controlled tightening method and the risk of self‐loosening during fatigue loads due to lateral displacement of the components in connections with high loads. In this respect, the lockbolt technology has some advantages regarding the initial preload and loss of preload; both will be discussed in detail in this paper. The technology was invented in the 1940s and is mainly used in automotive, aviation, truck, trailer, rail, bus, agriculture, mining and military applications. Its use in structural steelwork, and especially for slip‐resistant connections, has been mainly made possible through individual experimental investigations by users of the technology. Some applications call for its use in slip‐resistant connections according to EN 1090‐2 and Eurocode 3, e.g. the wind industry for new tower concepts with higher hub heights, and steel girder bridges. These connections can be subjected to fatigue and/or significant load reversal. The load‐bearing capacity (or slip resistance) of a slip‐resistant connection is mainly determined by the level of preload in the bolt and the coating system applied to the faying surfaces. However, the preload is determined by the type of bolt, and lockbolts can be used as an alternative bolting system. This paper describes a comparative study of HV bolts and lockbolts regarding their use in slip‐resistant connections for steel structures. The design and execution of lockbolts will be presented. Investigations will be presented which compare HV bolts and lockbolts regarding the assembly preload, the slip resistance by performing slip load tests and the long‐term behaviour with respect to loss of preload for maintenance‐free connections. Furthermore, there is a discussion of the results of an online monitoring system for measuring the preload in HV bolts and Bobtail lockbolts in an alternative tower for wind turbines with the use of slip‐resistant connections.
Catching Babies in Prohibition States: Midwives' Accounts for an Illegal Profession
Authors: Suarez Alicia , Bolton Megan
Published: November 2017

Practicing midwifery is illegal in four states and the District of Columbia. However, midwives still practice as they and much of the public do not see their behavior as criminal. Based on in‐depth interviews with twenty‐six midwives, our findings demonstrate that midwives employed both public and professional accounts. They collectively justified midwifery in prohibition states by condemning their condemners, appealing to higher loyalties, denying injury, and justifying by comparison. We also found a new account, denial of illegality. This research uniquely applies the concept of collective accounts to an illegal but socially acceptable career.
An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport
Authors: Giorio Chiara , Safer Anton , Sánchez-Bayo Francisco , Tapparo Andrea , Lentola Andrea , Girolami Vincenzo , van Lexmond Maarten Bijleveld , Bonmatin Jean-Marc
Published: November 2017

With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been conducted in three parts. The present part focuses on gaps of knowledge that have been addressed after publication of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides in 2015. More specifically, new data on the mode of action and metabolism of neonicotinoids and fipronil, and their toxicity to invertebrates and vertebrates, were obtained. We included the newly detected synergistic effects and/or interactions of these systemic insecticides with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, adjuvants, honeybee viruses, and parasites of honeybees. New studies have also investigated the contamination of all environmental compartments (air and dust, soil, water, sediments, and plants) as well as bees and apicultural products, food and beverages, and the exposure of invertebrates and vertebrates to such contaminants. Finally, we review new publications on remediation of neonicotinoids and fipronil, especially in water systems. Conclusions of the previous WIA in 2015 are reinforced; neonicotinoids and fipronil represent a major threat worldwide for biodiversity, ecosystems, and all the services the latter provide.
Body image and peer relationships: Unique associations of adolescents' social status and competence with peer‐ and self‐reported appearance victimization
Authors: Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Webb Haley J.
Published: November 2017

Adolescents were asked to nominate peers who experience appearance‐related victimization or engage in appearance‐related aggression, in order to examine the peer social status and competency correlates of receiving more nominations. Moreover, the correlates of peer‐report vs. self‐report appearance‐related victimization were considered. Participants were 371 young Australian adolescents (55% girls, Mage = 12.0 years) who completed surveys. Results showed that victimized adolescents were rated as less liked, prosocial, popular and good‐looking, and perceived themselves to be less attractive, less competent at sport and more teased by peers about appearance. Aggressive adolescents were rated as more popular and better looking, but also less prosocial. Aggressive adolescents also perceived themselves to be less academically but more romantically competent, and reported more appearance anxiety symptoms. Findings from peer‐report measures generally support previous research findings using self‐report measures, but the significant correlates did appear to differ between peer‐ and self‐report of appearance victimization.
Sexting as the mirror on the wall: Body‐esteem attribution, media models, and objectified‐body consciousness
Authors: Bianchi Dora , Morelli Mara , Baiocco Roberto , Chirumbolo Antonio
Published: November 2017

Sexting motivations during adolescence are related to developmental dimensions—such as sexual identity and body‐image development—or harmful intentions—such as aggression among peers and partners. Sociocultural and media models can affect explorations of sexuality and redefinitions of body image, which in turn are related to sexting behaviors and motivations. In this study, we investigated the roles of body‐esteem attribution, the internalization of media models, and body objectification as predictors of three sexting motivations: sexual purposes, body‐image reinforcement, and instrumental/aggravated reasons. The participants were 190 Italian adolescents aged from 13 to 20 years old (Mage = 17.4, SDage = 1.8; 44.7% females). Sexual purposes were predicted by body‐esteem attribution and body objectification; body‐image reinforcement was predicted by the internalization of media models, and instrumental/aggravated reasons were not predicted by any variable. Thus, only sexual purposes and body‐image reinforcement appeared to be affected by body‐image concerns due to media models.
Bullying among immigrant and non‐immigrant early adolescents: School‐ and student‐level effects
Authors: Vitoroulis Irene , Georgiades Katholiki
Published: November 2017

We examined the association between school immigrant concentration and bullying among immigrant and non‐immigrant early adolescents, and identified potential explanatory factors. First generation immigrant students had reduced odds of victimization and perpetration in schools with high (20–60%), compared to low, levels of immigrant concentration. Second generation immigrant students had reduced odds of ethnic/racial victimization in moderately concentrated schools; while non‐immigrants had increased odds in the same schools. Non‐white students had increased odds of ethnic/racial victimization compared to White students. While students' sense of school belonging and perceived teacher cultural sensitivity were negatively associated with bullying, they did not account for the differential associations noted above. Results demonstrate the importance of immigrant density as a protective school characteristic for immigrant and ethnic minority youth. Additional social processes operating in schools that may explain bullying behaviors among immigrant and non‐immigrant youth should be explored to inform programs for promoting inclusion in schools.
High and low use of electronic media during nighttime before going to sleep: A comparative study between adolescents attending a morning or afternoon school shift
Authors: Arrona‐Palacios Arturo
Published: November 2017

This study compared the effects of time spent on electronic media devices during nighttime before going to sleep on the sleep‐wake cycle, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype in 568 Mexican students (288 girls, mean age = 14.08) attending a double school shift system (287 from morning shift and 281 from afternoon shift). Students completed anonymous self‐report questionnaires. Results suggest that high exposure to an electronic media device may have an impact on their sleep‐wake cycle, regardless of their school shift. Adolescents from the afternoon shift reported more time spent on devices. Those from the morning shift reported daytime sleepiness with the use of MP3 player, and from the afternoon shift with the use of computer, MP3 player, and television. Both school shifts reported an intermediate chronotype with all electronic media devices, but the afternoon shift with a tendency towards eveningness with the use of the computer, smartphone, and MP3 player.
Inventors’ explorations across technology domains
Authors: Alstott Jeff , Triulzi Giorgio , Yan Bowen , Luo Jianxi
Published: November 2017

Technologies are created through the collective efforts of individual inventors. Understanding inventors’ behaviors may thus enable predicting invention, guiding design efforts or improving technology policy. We examined data from 2.8 million inventors’ 3.9 million patents and found that most patents are created by ‘explorers’: inventors who move between different technology domains during their careers. We mapped the space of latent relatedness between technology domains and found explorers were 250 times more likely to enter technology domains that were highly related to the domains of their previous patents, compared to an unrelated domain. The great regularity of inventors’ behavior enabled accurate prediction of individual inventors’ future movements: a model trained on just 5 years of data predicted inventors’ explorations 30 years later with a log-loss below 0.01. Inventors entering their most related domains were associated with patenting up to 40% more in the new domain, but with reduced citations per patent. These findings may be instructive for inventors exploring design directions, and useful for organizations or governments in forecasting or directing technological change.
Where the wind blows: Five Star Movement’s populism, direct democracy and ideological flexibility
Authors: Manucci Luca , Amsler Michi
Published: November 2017

The paper focusses on the online political discourse of the Five Star Movement (5SM) and its strategic adaptability. The main goal of the analysis is to establish how salient several topics are over time in order to test the party’s ideological flexibility. Indeed, 5SM’s post-ideological approach and its emphasis on direct-democratic tools might constitute a winning formula for other populist parties willing to exploit the crisis of the mainstream parties and representation. The paper, through an automated content analysis, tracks the longitudinal evolution of the salience of the topics addressed by 5SM on the party’s blog. This allows us to establish which topics are at the core of the party’s message and which, on the other hand, have been raised strategically over time. Results show that 5SM’s discourse is very flexible and adaptable: it devotes a large space to the importance of direct democracy while flexibly addressing different topics depending on the political and social context.
Breadth over depth in the semantic representations of adults with nonverbal learning disabilities
Authors: STOTHERS MARGOT ELIZABETH
Published: November 2017

abstract

Oral language in individuals with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) has been described as empty of meaning, despite apparently average word knowledge. The present study explored the hypothesis that depth but not breadth of semantic representations would be reduced in NLD, and that depth but not breadth would be related to nonverbal gestalt perception. A cross-sectional design compared breadth and depth of vocabulary in 50 adults with or without a diagnosis of NLD. Vocabulary results were also compared with a visual closure test. Participants with NLD had reduced vocabulary depth in comparison with controls. The NLD group also had lower scores for gestalt perception, the ability to perceive a meaningful whole from unrelated parts. Across the sample, this measure predicted scores for vocabulary depth, but not breadth. The NLD group was also less able than the Control group to estimate the size of unknown, physical features of everyday objects. Results supported clinical observations that semantic representations are unconventional and imprecise in individuals with NLD, and suggested specific cognitive underpinnings for such difficulties. Results were also compatible with separate theories of embodied and lateralized semantics. A proposal uniting these theories in a designation over elaboration model is presented.
ON HARMONIC AND PSEUDOHARMONIC MAPS FROM PSEUDO-HERMITIAN MANIFOLDS
Authors: CHONG TIAN , DONG YUXIN , REN YIBIN , YANG GUILIN
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we give some rigidity results for both harmonic and pseudoharmonic maps from pseudo-Hermitian manifolds into Riemannian manifolds or Kähler manifolds. Some foliated results, pluriharmonicity and Siu–Sampson type results are established for both harmonic maps and pseudoharmonic maps.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR’S SHRINE IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY: ITS DATE OF CONSTRUCTION RECONSIDERED
Authors: Payne Matthew , Rodwell Warwick
Published: November 2017

This paper re-evaluates the evidence for the dating of Edward the Confessor’s shrine at Westminster Abbey, which has been the subject of debate for many years. The paper presents a new argument that the manuscript evidence for a later date is based on an identifiable scribal error, locates the source of this error and postulates an alternative original reading of the inscription on the shrine pedestal.
Histopathological changes in the liver and stomach ofDidelphis virginiana(Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) during natural infection withGnathostoma turgidum(Nematoda: Gnathostomidae)
Authors: Torres-Montoya E.H. , Zazueta-Moreno J.M. , Osuna-Martínez L.U. , Castillo-Ureta H. , Silva-Hidalgo G. , López-Moreno H.S. , Osuna-Ramírez I. , Noguera-Corona E. , Rendón-Maldonado J.G.
Published: November 2017

Gnathostoma turgidumis a nematode parasite that exploits the stomach of Virginian opossums,Didelphis virginiana,in Latin America. The opossum is the definitive host ofG. turgidumin the wild. Intrahepatic growth and maturation of the parasite, subsequent migration to the stomach and spontaneous expulsion are common. However, the histopathological lesions caused byG. turgidumare poorly described. A better understanding of the life cycle of this parasite and the pathological changes in natural host–parasite interactions could help to clarify the progression of human infections caused byGnathostoma binucleatum. The aim of this work was to study morphological changes in the liver and stomach ofD. virginianaduring natural infection and adult worm expulsion. Three opossums naturally infected withG. turgidumwere captured from an endemic area of gnathostomosis. Three uninfected opossums captured from a non-endemic area were used as controls. The opossums were sacrificed at different stages of infection (March, May and December), and a histopathological study of their livers and stomachs was conducted. Injuries in livers were observed by histopathology – areas of necrosis and collagen septa were identified. Parasites caused nodules with necrosis on the periphery of lesions, and collagen fibres were also observed in stomachs. Collagen septa may be caused by antigenic remains of the parasite. Further immunological studies are necessary to verify that stimulation is caused by these factors.
Overnight in-hospital observation following tonsillectomy: retrospective study of post-operative intervention
Authors: Morris S , Hassin E , Borschmann M
Published: November 2017

Objective:

The safety of day-case tonsillectomy is widely documented in the literature; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines recommending patient characteristics that are incompatible with day-case tonsillectomy. This study aimed to identify which patients should be considered unsafe for day-case tonsillectomy based on the likelihood of needing critical intervention.

Method:

Retrospective review of 2863 tonsillectomy procedures performed at University Hospital Geelong from 1998 to 2014.

Results:

Of the patients, 7.81 per cent suffered a post-tonsillectomy complication and 4.15 per cent required intervention. The most serious complications, haemorrhage requiring a return to the operating theatre and airway compromise, occurred in 0.56 per cent and 0.11 per cent of patients respectively. The following patient characteristics were significantly associated with poorer outcomes: age of two years or less (p < 0.01), tonsillectomy indicated for neoplasm (p < 0.01) and quinsy (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The authors believe that all elective tonsillectomy patients should be considered for day-case surgery, with the following criteria necessitating overnight observation: age of two years or less; an indication for tonsillectomy of neoplasm or quinsy; and an American Society of Anesthesia score of more than 2.
Are biochemical composition parameters of sediment good tools for assessing the environmental quality of estuarine areas in tropical systems?
Authors: Silva Fred B. , Silva Janilson F. , Bezerra Ranilson S. , Santos Paulo J. P.
Published: November 2017

The present study aims to assess the environmental quality of six estuaries in north-eastern Brazil, using biochemical composition and quantity of organic matter in tropical sediments. Samples were collected monthly during spring low tide from August 2011 to July 2012, in the mid-littoral. Concentrations of organic matter and its biochemical composition reflected the degree of anthropogenic pressure. Although total concentrations of proteins and carbohydrates were similar among estuaries with contrasting levels of anthropogenic pressure, the protein to carbohydrates (PRT : CHO) ratio effectively reflected the trophic state of these areas. PRT : CHO ratios >1 were observed in all studied areas suggesting eutrophic conditions or an initial stage of eutrophication in all of them. Low Chl-a/Phaeo ratios may be associated with the level of eutrophication of each area, however it may also reflect the natural productivity or the presence of mangrove debris. These results were compared with those obtained in previous environmental assessments of the same estuarine areas using the AZTI Marine Biotic Index and monitoring reports showing good agreement. The present study confirmed for the first time in tropical estuarine areas that the biochemical approach can be successfully used to assess the trophic state of the benthic compartment.
Aristotle on the Eagle in Iliad 21.252: On Five Mistaken Homeric Scholia
Authors: Mayhew Robert
Published: November 2017

The vast majority of ‘fragments’ for Aristotle's lost Homeric Puzzles come from the Homeric scholia. Like other scholars studying this lost work, I do rely on them. But despite their value, it is important to recognize their limitations. This essay is an attempt to explain a set of Homeric scholia that attribute to Aristotle a surprising claim about the eagle in Iliad 21.252 (namely, that it is a black-boned eagle) and to argue that this attribution is erroneous. I conclude that the reports from these scholia in fact represent a mangling of another, more accurate, source, namely Porphyry's discussion (in his Homeric Questions) of the eagles in the Iliad. Further support for this conclusion comes from relevant passages in Eustathius and other scholia on Il. 21.252, as well as from POxy 221 (the remains of a commentary on Il. 21) and Aristotle's Historia animalium 3.9.