bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease in 204 countries and territories，1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Na , Yang Wan-Li , Cai Mei-Hong , Chen Xiang , Zhao Ran , Li Meng-Ting , Yan Xia-Lin , Xue Li-Wei , Liu Hong , Tang Min-Yu
Published: November 2022

Introduction

For effective preventive strategies against GORD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease), we assessed the GORD burden from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

The burden of GORD between 1990 and 2019 was evaluated globally, regionally, and nationally. Using ASIR (age-standardized incidence), ASYLDs (age-standardized YLDs), we compared them to the GBD world population per 100,000. The estimates were based on 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The AAPC (average annual percent change) in incidence, YLDs, alongwith prevalence rates with associated 95%CIs were estimated.

Results

Data to estimate the burden of GORD are scarce till now. The global ASIR of GORD in 2019 was 3792.79 per 100,000, an increase AAPC of 0.112% from 1990. The prevalence of GORD increased with a AAPC of 0.096% to 9574.45 per 100,000. Global ASYLDs in 2019 was 73.63, an increase AAPC of 0.105% from 1990. The GORD burden varies greatly depending on the development level and geographical location. USA demonstrated the most obvious decreasing trend in burden of GORD, while Sweden had an increasing trend. That the increase in GORD YLDs was mediated primarily by the growth and aging of population, was revealed by decomposition analyses. There was an inverse relationship between SDI (socio-demographic index) and GORD-burden. Frontier analyses revealed significant scope of improvement in the status of development at all levels.

Conclusion

GORD is a public health challenge, especially in Latin America. Some SDI quintiles had declining rates, while some countries experienced increased rates. Thus, resources should be allocated for preventative measures based on country-specific estimates.
[18F]Fluoride uptake in various bone types and soft tissues in rat
Authors: Savisto Nina , Grönroos Tove J. , Oikonen Vesa , Rajander Johan , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Bergman Jörgen , Forsback Sarita , Solin Olof , Haaparanta-Solin Merja
Published: November 2022

Background: In the development of new 18F-labelled tracers, it is important to assess the amount of released [18F]fluoride taken up in the bones of experimental animals because all 18F-labelled PET-tracers are prone, to lesser or higher degree, to undergo defluorination, with subsequent release of [18F]fluoride during scanning. However, the pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoride in bones and other organs of healthy rats have not been well documented in a comprehensive manner. We aimed to study if the knowledge of [18F]fluoride pharmacokinetics would increase our understanding of the biodistribution of 18F-labelled tracers and clinical interpretation of [18F]NaF PET?
We studied [18F]fluoride uptake in Sprague Dawley rat bones, including the epiphyseal parts of the tibia and radius, the mandible, ilium, lumbar vertebrae, costochondral joints, tibia, radius, and ribs, with 60-min in vivo PET/CT imaging. Kinetic parameters, K1, Ki, Ki/K1, and k3 were calculated with a three-compartment model. In addition, separate groups of male and female rats were studied with ex vivo bone and soft tissue harvesting and gamma counting over a 6-h period.
Results: [18F]fluoride perfusion and uptake varied among the different bones. [18F]fluoride uptake was higher in trabecular bones, due to high perfusion and osteoblastic activity, compared to cortical bones. In soft tissues, the organ-to-blood uptake ratios increased over time in the eyes, lungs, brain, testes, and ovaries during the 6 h study period.
Conclusion: Understanding the pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoride in various bones and soft tissues is highly useful for assessing 18F-labelled radiotracers that release [18F]fluoride, and the same applies when [18F]NaF is used in human bone or calcification studies.
Utilization of Bottom Ash Waste as Reinforced Columns in Improving the Characteristics of Soft Kaolin Clay
Authors: Zaini Muhammad Syamsul Imran , Hasan Muzamir , Jusoh Wan Nursyafiqah Binti Wan
Published: November 2022

Ground improvement is an effective method of mitigation to improve problematic soils including soft kaolin clay soils. Implementation of industrial wastes such as bottom ash in ground improvement can be cost-effective and environment-friendly. There are several studies conducted on the granular column using the bottom ash column. However, only a few studies have reported findings coherent with the statistical analysis. In this study, the lateral load capacity of bottom ash column-kaolin clay has been conducted. Coherently, the reinforced kaolin clay samples were tested via Particle Size Distribution, Atterberg limit test, Relative Density, Compaction test, Permeability test, Unconfined Compression Test and Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Test with the single and group encapsulated bottom ash with the geotextile encasement and a prediction model was developed. The effect of a number of columns, column diameter, column height, area replacement ratio, height penetration ratio, height-diameter column ratio, volume replacement ratio and confining pressures on the shear strength of the single and group of encapsulated bottom ash columns have been investigated. The findings showed the effectiveness of using the bottom ash columns to enhance the shear strength of the soil up to 77.00%.
Treatment and outcomes of chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocations: A retrospective case series
Authors: Haritinian Emil George , Stoica Ioan Cristian , Popescu Roman , Gheorghievici Gavril Lucian , Nové-Josserand Laurent
Published: November 2022

Background
Posterior shoulder dislocations are rare injuries that are often missed on initial presentation. Cases left untreated for more than three weeks are considered chronic, cannot be reduced closely (they become locked) and are usually associated with a significant Hill-Sachs defect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocations treated with the McLaughlin procedure (classic or modified).
Methods
This retrospective study included 12 patients with chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation operated on between 2000 and 2021 by two surgeons in two institutions. Patients received a thorough clinical examination and radiological assessment before and after surgery. Shoulders were repaired with the McLaughlin or modified McLaughlin procedure. Outcomes were assessed by comparing pre- and postoperative values of clinical variables.
Results
Most of the dislocations were of traumatic origin. The average delay between dislocation and surgical reduction was 13.5 ± 9.7 weeks. Postoperative clinical outcomes were favourable, with an average subjective shoulder value of 86.4 ± 11.1 and a normalized Constant –Murley score of 90 ± 8.3. None of the patients had a recurrence of shoulder dislocation, but one patient developed avascular necrosis of the humeral head and two patients developed glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
Conclusions
In this group of patients with chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation, the clinical outcomes of McLaughlin and modified McLaughlin procedures were satisfactory, even when surgery was significantly delayed.
Micropropagation and in Vitro Flowering in Basella Spp.
Authors: Ranganatha Manjula , RAO NAGASHREE N , Giridhar Parvatham , sharma ashwani
Published: November 2022

Basella spp. a perennial vine of Basellaceae family used as a leafy vegetable. Phytonutrient of Basella spp. is being exploited in Indian medicinal system since antiquity for its antifungal, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiulcer and analgesic properties. Propagation of Basella through seeds have limitations for germination and flowering, in vitro regeneration was studied on MS (Murashige& Skoog) media supplemented with various plant growth regulators, indole acetic acid (IAA), Indole butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), N,6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KIN), zeatin (ZEA), gibberillic acid (GA3), and adenine sulphate (ADS), silver nitrate (AgNO3) as additives. The shoot bud initiation was observed in all the combinations studied showing a good response for direct regeneration. Shooting (84%) was observed in 12 days after inoculation in 1mg l− 1 BA + 0.1 mg l− 1 NAA. Liquid media containing 0.1mg l− 1 BA + 0.5 mg l− 1 KIN + 0.1 mg l− 1 IAA was preeminent in multiple shoots (22 ± 0.13) production with average shoot length (5.81 ± 0.19) in 5 weeks (wk). Supplementation of 40 mg l− 1 AgNO3 and 40 mg l− 1 ADS to media containing 1mg l− 1 BA + 0.1 mg l− 1 NAA resulted in enhanced number of elongated shoots with number of leaves. In vitro flowering was obtained on MS media containing 0.5mg l− 1 BA + 0.5 mg l− 1 GA3 concentrations. The survival rate of hardened plants was 90% after transferring to soil. This protocol can be efficiently used for mass production for regeneration of genetically transformed Basella spp. in studying its metabolite profile specially betalains and transformation of Basella.
Identification of early diagnosis markers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using publicly available transcriptomic tumor and blood sample data
Authors: Sionakidis Aristeidis , Lalagkas Panagiotis Nikolaos , Malousi Andigoni , Vizirianakis Ioannis S.
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequently diagnosed form of pancreatic cancer worldwide. PDAC is associated with poor survival rate mainly due to the disease being usually diagnosed at late stages. Publicly available gene expression data from 10 studies with tumour tissue (448 samples) and/or blood samples (128 samples) from PDAC patients were pooled together and analysed for the identification of stage-specific (American Joint Committee for Cancer, AJCC staging) and global diagnostic markers. Validation of markers was performed using Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PDAC expression data. Differential gene expression analysis was carried out to compare tumour and normal samples (stage-specific tissue samples vs. normal tissue samples and stage-agnostic blood samples vs. normal blood samples). Active subnetwork search and miRNA enrichment analysis were used to identify enriched gene networks and miRNA interactions. We identified 820 consistently deregulated genes in tissue samples of all stages and blood samples. Active subnetwork analysis revealed enriched ribosome, proteasome, adherens junction and cell cycle pathways across all stages and blood samples suggesting biological plausibility. Stage-specific enriched miRNAs with diagnostic potential were also identified (miR-21, miR-29, miR-124, miR-30, for stages 1-4 respectively). Extensive gene expression deregulation was found in all tumor stages with significant overlap. Additionally, miRNA contribution to PDAC pathology may be important and probably mediated by distinct miRNAs in each stage of PDAC. We therefore present a list of markers and miRNAs that could potentially act as a diagnostic tool for early detection of PDAC onset.
Spatial-temporal characteristics of geological disaster resilience in poverty and disaster-prone areas in China: A case study of Ganzi Prefecture
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Yulian , Zhang Luyun , Su Qihao , Huang Xing
Published: November 2022

Research on resilience under the influence of geological disasters in poverty and disaster-prone areas is a valuable exploration of disaster prevention and mitigation. Ganzi Prefecture occurs geological disasters frequently, resulting in loss of life, destruction of property, and harm to other infrastructure. Applying resilience can improve the ability to absorb and resolve risks, providing insights into sustainable development in Ganzi. This paper aims to assess the resilience of Ganzi Prefecture based on the widely used Baseline Resilience Indicators for Community. This modified system consists of 22 indicators divided into four dimensions: society, economy, infrastructure, and environment. The changes in disaster resilience for 18 nations in Ganzi are calculated from 2011 to 2020. Moran's I model is used to synthesize the dynamic evolvability and spatial correlation of disaster resilience. Geodetector is used to identify primary factors influencing disaster resilience. The findings reveal that (1) disaster resilience increased continuously in Ganzi during the period between 2011 and 2019, and that the gap between the disaster resilience of various counties gradually shrank. (2) The spatial distribution of disaster resilience in Ganzi varies significantly. Southeast Ganzi has greater resilience, whereas the northwest region has a considerably lower resilience. (3) The article identifies seven critical determinants of disaster resilience, and interaction factors have a significant impact on the outcomes. Based on these findings, this study proposed local regional sustainable development policy implications.
Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus using hematological factors based on machine learning approaches: A cohort study analysis
Authors: Mansoori Amin , Sahranavard Toktam , Hosseini Zeinab Sadat , Soflaei Sara Saffar , Emrani Negar , Nazar Eisa , Gharizadeh Melika , Khorasanchi Zahra , Ghamsary Mark , Ferns Gordon , Esmaily Habibollah , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid
Published: November 2022

Background
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant public health problem globally. The diagnosis and management of diabetes are critical to reduce the complications of diabetes including cardiovascular disease and cancer. This study was designed to assess the potential association between T2DM and several routinely measured hematological parameters.
Method
This study was a subsample of 9000 adults aged 35–65 years recruited as part of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study population. Data mining techniques including logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT) and bootstrap forest (BF) algorithms were applied to analyze data. All data analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 and SAS JMP Pro version 13 at a significant level of 0.05.
Results
Based on the performance indices, the BF model gave high accuracy, precision, specificity, and AUC compared to the other models. Thus, according to all the assessed hematological factors, the most effective risk factors for predicting the development of T2DM in the BF model were age and WBC.
Conclusion
In summary, the BF model represented a better performance to predict T2DM. Also, our selected model provides valuable information on critical determinants to predict T2DM like age and WBC.
Selecting a surgical approach for incurable tuberculous thoracolumbar kyphosis and analyzing its clinical efficacy
Authors: Maihemuti Maierdanjiang , Dai Zhibing , Sun Yachao , Maimaiti Aierpati , Mamat Mardan , Yang Wenpeng , Wu Junshen , Kasim Mamatali , Yasen Abudukadier , Jiang Renbing
Published: November 2022

Background: Incurable spinal tuberculosis is extremely uncommon, its treatment is challenging and still controversial. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of posterior and combined posterior-anterior surgical approaches for incurable tuberculous thoracolumbar kyphosis.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 63 cases of incurable tuberculous thoracolumbar kyphosis. The mild group was treated with posterior surgery alone, and the severe group was treated with the combined posterior-anterior surgery. The surgical efficacy was evaluated based on the clinical symptoms, Cobb angle correction rate, SVA, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and surgical complications. Symptoms and function were assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) spinal cord injury classification, the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), and the Kirkaldy-Willis functional score. The degree of implant fusion was evaluated according to the Eck fusion grading scale.
Results: The preoperative Cobb angles were 59.4°±12.6° and 102.9°±16.6°, and the improved postoperative Cobb angles were 19.9°±6.2° and 28.5°±9.6° for the mild and severe groups, with correction rates of 65.5%±12.0% and 72.0%±9.5%, respectively. The Cobb angle losses were 3.1°±1.4° and 4.2°±1.7° at the last follow-up for the mild and severe groups, respectively. The preoperative SVA were 27.6±10.7 mm and 39.1±18.6 mm, which postoperatively improved to 20.6±9.0 mm and 26.4±12.1 mm in the mild and severe groups, respectively. All patients had an ASIA classification of E, except two patients in the severe group with a classification of D at the time of the final follow-up. All patients with bone grafting achieved grade I fusion. The Kirkaldy-Willis functional scores were 89.7% and 85.3% for the mild and severe groups, respectively, except for two case (1 mild and 1 severe group)with broken rods. no tuberculosis recurrence, internal fixation loosening, breakage, and obvious loss of correction were found during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Simple posterior surgery can achieve the desired clinical outcomes in patients with mild non-curative tuberculous thoracolumbar kyphosis. However, in severe patients with accumulated multiple segments, combined posterior-anterior surgery is required for satisfactory deformity correction, complete lesion removal, and significant bone grafting support, making it a safe and reliable treatment method.
Level of evidence: IV
Pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic effect of SorCS1 in human tumors and its correlation with LRP2 protein
Authors: Deng Yuqing , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Li Dongliang , Xu Haiyan
Published: November 2022

Background: SorCS1 is a member of the mammalian type –Ⅰtransmembrane receptor family containing Vps10p structural domain. According to known results, SorCS1 plays important role in ligands absorption and trafficking, and is related to many nervous diseases. LRP2 is low density lipoprotein-related protein 2 (LRP2) or megalin, is a multi-ligand endocytic receptor. Up to date, more and more emerging cellular or animal-based evidence supports a relationship between SorCS1 and cancer; in the meanwhile, SorCS1 shows some correlation with LRP2, bust there is no relevant analysis data showing how SorCS1 works with other factors and LRP2. Therefore, we explored the potential oncogenic role of SorCS1，and correlation with LRP2 in a variety of cancers using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) databases.
Methods: The related data of human tumor patients were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases, respectively. The TIMER and GEPIA2 database was used to analyze the expression of SorCS1 and LRP2 in tumors and their survival analysis. The UALCAN database was used to analyze the differences in the expression of SorCS1 and LRP2 in tumor staging. Then, the TIMER database was used for immune cell infiltration analysis, and the GEPIA2 database was used for the detection of genes associated with the SorCS1 gene and for enrichment analysis.
Results: According to current studies, SorCS1 expression is usually lowly in most cancers but indeed is significantly correlated with the prognosis in several ones. In latter, our analyses showed a significant correlation between SorCS1 and LRP2, such as SKAM (Stomach adenocarcinoma), TGCT (Testicular Germ Cell Tumors), THCA (Thyroid carcinoma), UVM (Uveal Melanoma), and some other cancers. In the meanwhile, there was an increased extent of mutation in SorCS1. Our correlation analyses provide some understanding of the oncogenic role of SorCS1 and LRP2 in different tumors and their relevance. In addition, we detected correlations between SorCS1 and CD8+ immune cells or fibroblast infiltration in databases such as STAD. We counted potentially relevant genes for SorCS1 in various cancers and did KEGG and GO enrichment analyses of these genes, providing new ideas for the response pathways involved in SorCS1 in cancers.
Conclusion: SorCS1 was aberrantly expressed in most tumors and shared the same expression trend as LRP2.
Perceptions of professional nurses towards the inclusion of spiritual activities in oncology practice in the uMgungundlovu and eThekwini Health Districts, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Sewkarran Vashni , Gumede Emelda Zandile
Published: November 2022

Background
Internationally the inclusion of spiritual activities has been well adopted into nursing care. The South African perspective highlights a huge gap regarding incorporating spiritual activities into nursing care
Method
A quantitative descriptive survey was used to describe the perceptions of nurses towards inclusion of spiritual activities in oncology practice. Purposeful sampling of eighty-nine participants that met the eligibility criteria was conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect data from four sites over a period of four weeks, followed by analysis using the SPSS, version 27.
Results
The findings indicated that 80% of professional nurses believed in God. Activities like arranging visits by chaplains, and showing kindness, cheerfulness and reassurance were highly rated., however, activities of art and creativity were poorly rated, 32.6%.
Conclusion
This study produced empirical evidence that spiritual care can be provided by including various activities in oncology practice to promote comprehensive nursing care. A module on spirituality should be included in the new oncology program to boost the nurse’s levels of confidence in spiritual care. The study will enhance the nurses’ awareness and expertise with providing a range of activities in different beliefs. Future research would benefit from expanding this research to other health professionals.
PD-L1 is Required for Estrogen-induced Protection Against Severe EAE in IL-10 Deficient Mice
Authors: Offner Halina , Lockwood Denesa , Meza-Romero Roberto , Vandenbark Arthur A.
Published: November 2022

Background IL-10 knockout (KO) mice can be protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with low-dose estrogen (E2) treatment similar to wild type (WT) mice, indicating that IL-10 is not required for E2-induced EAE protection. Our previous study demonstrated that E2 treatment induced an increase in programmed death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) on monocytes and macrophages in the periphery and within the CNS. In this study, we selectively inhibited the function of PD-L1 and PD-L2 to evaluate their critical role in maintaining E2-induced protection against EAE in IL-10-KO mice. Methods This study used female IL-10 KO mice pre-treated with either E2 or sham pellets seven days prior to induction of EAE and subsequently treated with Vehicle or antibodies to PD-L1, PD-L2 or respective isotype controls. Mice were scored daily for EAE severity over 21 days post-immunization for EAE induction. Cells from the spleen and brain were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Differences in EAE severity were assessed in E2 and sham pre-treated IL-10-KO mice treated with α-PD-L1 or α-PD-L2 antibodies over the course of disease compared to treatment with Vehicle or anti-isotype antibodies. The results revealed real-time development of severe EAE in E2-pre-treated IL-10-KO mice treated with α-PD-L1 but not α-PD-L2 antibodies, mediated in part by increased percentages of activated CD74+CD11b+myeloid cells in spleen and brain as well as splenic B-cells, T-cells and CD73+cells. Conclusion These results demonstrate unequivocally that PD-L1 but not PD-L2 was required to retain the inhibitory effects of E2 on clinical EAE scores in female IL-10-KO mice and further implicate the emergence of the MIF/CD74 axis as a contributing pathogenic mechanism.
WITHDRAWN: Heavy metal enrichment characteristics of soil in manganese mining wetland by Philonotis thwaitesi
Authors: Wu Dongyi , Zhang Zhaohui , Wang Zhihui
Published: November 2022

Open pile manganese ore generates heavy metal pollution, which affects the surrounding environment, and it is necessary to monitor and remediate heavy metals in the mine area.
In this study, we investigated the correlation between the accumulation of heavy metals in Philonotis thwaitesii and the content of heavy metals in soil by investigating the characteristics of heavy metals in Philonotis thwaitesii, Spirogyraand soil in the wetland around the manganese mine area in Zhaiying Town, Songtao County, Guizhou Province，in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and soil heavy metal pollution management in manganese mine area.
The main results are as follows: the soil in the study area is moderately polluted by heavy metals and above; the correlation between heavy metals in Philonotis thwaitesiiis significant and influenced by soil; compared with Spirogyra, Philonotis thwaitesii has a stronger ability to enrich heavy metals; it is advantageous for remediation of moist polluted environment.
In conclusion, Philonotis thwaitesii has a certain degree of enrichment capacity for heavy metals, and can be used for the comprehensive treatment of heavy metal pollution in manganese mining sites, as well as the bioremediation of polluted areas associated with it. And the content of Mn in Philonotis thwaitesii is up to 11799mg/kg, whether it can be used as a manganese hyperaccumulator, further research is needed.
Fulvestrant plus palbociclib in advanced or metastatic hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer after fulvestrant monotherapy: Japan Breast Cancer Research Group-M07 (FUTURE trial)
Authors: Watanabe Kenichi , Niikura Naoki , Kikawa Yuichiro , Oba Mari , Kobayashi Kokoro , Tada Hiroshi , Ozaki Shinji , Toh Uhi , Yamamoto Yutaka , Tsuneizumi Michiko , Okuno Toshitaka , Iwakuma Nobutaka , Takeshita Takashi , Iwamoto Takayuki , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Masuda Norikazu , Saji Shigehira
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy is a standard treatment for hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC); however, their toxicities and financial burden are major issues, especially for prolonged treatment. We investigated fulvestrant plus palbociclib in patients with HR-positive MBC resistant to fulvestrant monotherapy.
Methods: Patients who initially received fulvestrant as their first- or second-line endocrine therapy were assigned to group A. Patients with disease progression during fulvestrant monotherapy who subsequently received fulvestrant plus palbociclib were assigned to group B. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS1) in group B. The secondary endpoints were PFS from the start of monotherapy (PFS2) in group A and the time to treatment failure (TTF) from treatment initiation.
Results: Between January, 2018 and February, 2020, we enrolled 167 patients in group A (January 2018–February 2020) from 55 institutions, of whom 72 subsequently received fulvestrant plus palbociclib and were enrolled in group B. The median follow-up was 23.8 and 8.9 months in groups A and B, respectively. The median PFS in group B (combination therapy) was 9.4 (90% confidence interval [CI]: 6.9–11.2) months (p <0.001). This was 25.7 (90% CI: 21.2–30.3) months in group A (fulvestrant monotherapy). The TTF in group B was 7.2 (90% CI: 5.5–10.4) months. In the post-hoc analysis the median PFS1 in group B among patients with longer-duration fulvestrant monotherapy (>1 year) was longer than that of patients with shorter-duration monotherapy (≤1year) (11.3 vs. 7.6 months). No new toxicities were observed.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that palbociclib plus fulvestrant after disease progression despite fulvestrant monotherapy is potentially safe and effective in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced MBC.
Application of Magnetic Resonance Image Compilation (MAGiC) in the Diagnosis of Middle-Aged and Elderly Women with Osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Yiming , Mei Xiuting , Liang Xuqian , Cao Yi , Peng Cong , Fu Yang , Zhang Yulong , Liu Cuifang , Liu Yang
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of diagnosing osteoporosis (OP) in women through magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC).
Methods: A total of 110 patients who underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and dual X-ray absorptiometry examinations were collected and divided into two groups according to age and bone mineral density: osteoporotic group (OP) and non-osteoporotic group (non-OP). The variation trends of T1 (longitudinal relaxation time), T2 (transverse relaxation time) and BMD(bone mineral density) with the increase of age, and the correlation of T1 and T2 with BMD were examined by establishing a clinical mathematical model.
Results: With the increase of age, BMD and T1 value decreased gradually, while T2 value increased. T1 and T2 had statistical significance in diagnosing OP (P=0.000), and there is moderate positive correlation between T1 and BMD values (R=0.636, P=0.000), while moderate negative correlation between T2 and BMD values (R=0.694, P=0.000). Receiver characteristic curve test showed that T1 and T2 had high accuracy in diagnosing OP (T1 AUC=0.982, T2 AUC=0.978), and the critical values of T1 and T2 for evaluating osteoporosis were 0.625s and 0.095s, respectively. Besides, the combined utilization of T1 and T2 had higher diagnostic efficiency (AUC=0.985). Combined T1 and T2 had higher diagnostic efficiency (AUC=0.985). Function fitting results of OP group: BMD=-0.0037* age -0.0015*T1+0.0037*T2+0.86, sum of squared error (SSE) =0.0392, and non-OP group: BMD=0.0024* age -0.0071*T1+0.0007*T2+1.41, SSE=0.1007.
Conclusion: T1 and T2 value of MAGiC have high efficiency in diagnosing OP by establishing a function fitting formula of BMD with T1, T2 and age.
Neuroprotective effect of a novel brain-derived peptide HIBDAP against oxygen-glucose deprivation through inhibition of apoptosis in PC12 cells
Authors: Jiang Chenhong , Hu Yina , Hou Xuewen , Qiu Jie
Published: November 2022

Background To investigate the effect of a novel brain-derived peptide HIBDAP (Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Damage Associated Peptide) on cell apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in PC12 cells.
Methods The sequence of HIBDAP (HSQFIGYPITLFVEKER) was coupled with the carrier peptide of the transactivator of transcription (TAT) sequence (YGRKKRRQRRR). The FITC labeled TAT-HIBDAP was observed by the fluorescence microscope. After TAT-HIBDAP treatment and OGD treatment, PC12 cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage andAnnexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) assay was examined by fluorescence microscope. Protein expressions of apoptosis factors were examined by Western blotting.
Results FITC-labelled TAT-HIBDAP could enter into PC12 cell nucleus. Compared with the OGD group, TAT-HIBDAP at low concentrations (1μM, 5μM, 10μM) significantly reduced the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells except the 20μM concentration, especially the 5μM concentration has the most obvious effect. There were remarkable increases of △Ψm after different concentrations (1μM, 5μM, 10μM, 20μM) of TAT-HIBDAP pretreatment and the 5μM concentration also has the most obvious effect. TAT-HIBDAP could rescue the increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 activation induced by OGD.
Conclusions TAT-HIBDAP is resistance to OGD-induced PC12 cells apoptosis through regulating the pathway of Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3, which may supply a novel therapeutic strategy for neonatal HIBD.
Short-term postoperative changes in the choroidal vascularity index in patients with a unilateral epiretinal membrane
Authors: Ruan Kaiming , Zhang Yun , Cheng Dan , Qiao Yilin , Yu Yufeng , Wu Minhui , Zhu Xueying , Tao Jiwei , Shen Meixiao , Shen Lijun
Published: November 2022

Background
To investigate short-term choroidal structural and vascular changes after epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery
Methods
Sixty-five patients with unilateral ERM underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery and were examined one day before surgery and one week, one month, and three months after surgery. Choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) were evaluated using horizontal enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) scans and were further calculated using semi-automatic algorithms using MATLAB R2017a.
Results
Preoperatively, CVI was higher in eyes with ERM (61.70 ± 5.17%) than in fellow eyes (59.99 ± 5.26%). CVI increased significantly at one week after surgery (62.14 ± 5.02%) and decreased at 1 and 3 months after surgery (60.76 ± 4.97% and 60.4 ± 4.83%, respectively). The change was pronounced in the nasal region (p < 0.001) and central region (p < 0.05). CT in the temporal macula increased at 1 week (239.65 ± 72.98 µm) after surgery and decreased at 1 and 3 months after surgery (222.15 ± 71.91 µm and 222.33 ± 65.72 µm, respectively; p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Short-term postoperative variations in the choroid have been demonstrated in eyes with ERM. This may be related to postoperative inflammation and the release of macular traction. Therefore, CVI assessment using EDI-OCT may be a useful tool for evaluating ERM.
The Share of Genetic and Environmental Factors to Perfectionism: A Classical Twin Study
Authors: Pourkhalili Sepehr , Shal Reza Soltani , Abolghasemi Abbas , Dianatkhah Minoo , Gharipour Mojgan
Published: November 2022

Background and aim: Genetic and environmental factors are both effective in creating different psychological traits. Therefore, in addition to recognizing the environmental factors affecting psychological traits, biological factors such as heritability also need to be studied. Thus, the present study aimed to measure the heritability of perfectionism among MZ and DZ twins.
Methods: 174 MZ and DZ twins participated in this study. This study used Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale to measure perfectionism and its subscales. The method used in this study was the classical univariate twin model.
Results: The results of this study showed that both self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) are explained by the CE model. Thus, SOP and SPP are 0.48 and 0.68 under the influence of common environmental factors (C) and 0.52 and 0.32 are under the influence of specific environmental factors (E). It was also found that the other-oriented perfectionism (OOP) is 0.42 under the influence of non-additive genetics (D) and 0.58 under the influence of the E effect. Finally, the effect of additive genetics (A) on total perfectionism was about twice that of the E effect.
Conclusion: Specific and shared environmental factors are effective in SOP and SPP. Total perfectionism is more influenced by genetic factors than environmental factors.
A continuously scanning spatiotemporal averaging method for obtaining volumetric mean flow measurements with stereoscopic PIV
Authors: Zigunov Fernando , Seckin Serdar , Huss Rhylan , Eggart Cameron , Alvi Farrukh
Published: November 2022

In this study, a variation of the stacked stereo-scopic PIV technique is proposed to perform fully volumetric (3-dimensions, 3-components) measurements of average flow fields within a single experiment through the usage of an automated traversing system that continuously scans the SPIV light sheet over a linear path. The simultaneous measurement of the traverse location and the laser Q-switch pulse enables the automated assignment of instantaneous PIV fields to known physical coordinates, enabling spatiotemporal averaging in post-processing to obtain volumetric measurements of a flow field. This method provides a trade-off between spatial resolution of the volume measurements and statistical convergence of the spatiotemporal averages, enabling volumetric measurements under challenging experimental conditions where only stereoscopic PIV is viable. A comparison with the more traditional temporal averaging method and planar PIV are presented to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of this technique in realistic, challenging experimental setups. It is found that the spatiotemporal averaging convergence behavior differs slightly from the traditional temporal averaging for the wake of a bluff body model, however relative errors lower than two standard deviations can still be attained. Thus, this technique presents a viable alternative for rapid 3D reconstruction of averaged flow fields that can provide invaluable insight of various flow topologies.
Implementing Routing Protocol for Energy-Aware Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks for WBAN-based healthcare Systems
Authors: C Venkata Subbaiah , K Govinda
Published: November 2022

Most mobile nodes are mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). MANET technology is energy-hungry. Because the network lacks a reliable power source, the mobile nodes are battery-powered. MANETs and body sensor networks have impacted health care (BSNs). In healthcare applications, a BSN must provide more reliable routing. Decreased communication rates and improved healthcare system dependability are needed. They're placed on, inside, or around the patient to track and send medical data to cloud servers. Such networks require QoS and EE. This article provides a reliable and energy-efficient healthcare system routing technique to balance QoS and power consumption. Performance metrics include routing overhead, energy consumption, end-to-end latency, throughput, scalability, and transmission error. According to testing, IBOLSR uses less energy and has a longer lifespan than OLSR, EAOLSR, and BOLSR.
Photodynamic Therapy Changes Tumour Immunogenicity and Promotes Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Response, Especially When Combined with Enhanced Tumour Infiltration by Micromechanical Priming
Authors: Lobo Catarina S. , Mendes Maria Inês P. , Gomes-da-Silva Lígia C. , Arnaut Luis G. , Pereira Diogo A.
Published: November 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with redaporfin stimulates colon carcinoma (CT26), breast (4T1) and melanoma (B16F10) cells to display high levels of CD80 molecules on their surfaces. CD80 overexpression amplifies immunogenicity because it increases same cell (cis) CD80:PD-L1 interactions, which (i) disrupt binding of T-cells PD-1 inhibitory receptors with their ligands (PD-L1) in tumour cells, and (ii) inhibit CTLA-4 inhibitory receptors binding to CD80 in tumour cells. In some cancer cells, redaporfin-PDT also increases CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expressions and virtuous combinations between PDT and immune-checkpoint blockers (ICB) depend on CD80/PD-L1 or CD80/CTLA-4 tumour overexpression ratios post-PDT. This was confirmed using CTLA-4 + PDT combinations to increased survival of mice bearing CT26 tumours, and to regress lung metastases observed with bioluminescence in mice with orthotopic 4T1 tumours. However, the primary 4T1 responded poorly to treatments. Photoacoustic imaging revealed low infiltration of redaporfin in the tumour. Priming the primary tumour with high-intensity (~ 60 bar) photoacoustic waves generated with nanosecond-pulsed lasers and light-to-pressure transducers improved the response of 4T1 tumours to PDT. Penetration-resistant tumours require a combination of approaches to respond to treatments: tumour priming to facilitate drug infiltration, PDT for a strong local effect and a change in immunogenicity, and immunotherapy for a systemic effect.
Parallel Self Organizing Neural Network (PSONN) Prediction of Water Saturation in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Hamada G. M. , Al-Gathe A A , Al-Huzefei A. M
Published: November 2022

Carbonate reservoir rocks are considered heterogeneous and the distribution of reservoir quality in carbonates depends primarily upon how diagenetic processes are modifying the rock microstructure, leading to significant petrophysical heterogeneity and anisotropy. Water saturation determination in carbonate reservoirs is crucial parameter to determine initial reserve of given an oil field. Water saturation determination using electrical measurements is based on Archie’s formula. Consequently, accuracy of Archie’s formula parameters affects seriously water saturation values. Determination of Archie’s parameters (a, m and n) is proceeded by three techniques conventional, CAPE and 3-D. This work introduces the hybrid system of parallel self-organizing neural network (PSONN) targeting an accepted value of Archie’s parameters and consequently reliable water saturation values. This work focuses on calculation of water saturation using Archie’s formula. Different determination techniques of Archie’s parameters such as conventional technique, CAPE technique and 3-D technique have been tested and then water saturation was calculated using Archie’s formula with the calculated parameters (a, m and n). This study introduced parallel self-organizing neural network (PSONN) algorithm predict Archie’s parameters and determination of water saturation. Results have shown that predicted Arche’s parameters (a, m and n) are highly accepted with statistical analysis lower statistical error and higher correlation coefficient than conventional determination techniques. The developed PSONN algorithm used big number of measurement points from core plugs of carbonate reservoir rocks. PSONN algorithm provided reliable water saturation values. We believe that PSONN can be supplement or even replacement of the conventional techniques to determine Archie’s parameters and then water saturation of carbonate reservoirs.
Clues to early diagnosis from clinical data- A clinicopathological analysis of primary malignant tumors of the small bowel
Authors: Nie Xinyang , Liu Dongjie , Li Chuan , Teng Yuxin , Li Zhufeng , Lu Li , Li Weidong , Liu Tong
Published: November 2022

Background
Primary malignant tumors of the small bowel (PMTSB) are relatively uncommon in gastrointestinal tumors. It is difficult to make an early diagnosis due to the atypical primary symptoms, special anatomical position and lack of effective diagnostic methods.
Objective
To improve the level of early diagnosis of PMTSB so as to speculate the pathological types and get better prognoses for patients.
Method
Clinicopathologic and follow-up data about 104 surgically treated patients with PMTSB (65 males and 39 females) at the median age of 58.1 years (range 23–85 years) were analyzed.
Result
The most common clinical features of the patients were anemia (73.1%), abdominal pain (62.5%), and weight loss (51.9%). Abdominal enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) had the highest detection rate (95.4%) and diagnosis rate (80%). Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, soft tissue mass on CT, no regional lymph nodes enlargement, and no intestinal obstruction were the independent predictors of diagnosis in GIST. Anemia, intestinal obstruction, without soft tissue mass on CT were the independent predictors of diagnosis in adenocarcinoma. Independent predictors of diagnosis of lymphoma included fever, and regional lymph nodes enlargement on CT.
Conclusion
Anemia, abdominal pain and weight loss were the main clinical manifestations for PMTSB, as CT was the most effective imaging examination. Based on clinical and imaging features, we analyzed several factors which related to diagnose the pathological classification, and expected to give patients the earlier diagnosis and better prognoses.
Transient exposure of rats to rotenone causes delayed, progressive, parkinsonian motor deficits associated with nigrostriatal degeneration, progressive neuroinflammation and synucleinopathy
Authors: Rocha Emily , Laar Amber Van , Webb Katherine , Keeney Matthew , Laar Victor Van , Zharikov Alevtina , Burton Edward , Hastings Teresa , Glajch Kelly , Hirst Warren , Greenamyre J. Timothy
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) typically receive a diagnosis once they have developed motor symptoms, at which point there is already significant loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons, α-synuclein accumulation in surviving neurons, and neuroinflammation. Consequently, the point of clinical presentation may be too late to initiate disease-modifying therapy. In contrast to this clinical reality, animal models often involve acute neurodegeneration and potential therapies are tested concurrently or shortly after the pathogenic insult has begun rather than later when diagnostic clinical symptoms emerge. OBJECTIVE: We sought to develop a model that reflects the clinical situation more accurately.
METHODS: Middle-aged rats (7-9 months-old) received a single daily intraperitoneal injection of rotenone for 5 consecutive days and were observed over the next 8-9 months.
RESULTS: Rotenone-treated rats showed transient motor slowing and postural instability during exposure but recovered within 9 days of rotenone cessation. Rats remained without behavioral deficits for 3-4 months, then developed progressive motor abnormalities over the ensuing months. As motor abnormalities began to emerge 3 months after rotenone exposure, there was significant loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and significant microglial activation. There was delayed accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons of the substantia nigra and frontal cortex, which was maximal at 9 months post-rotenone.
CONCLUSIONS: A brief, temporally-remote exposure to rotenone causes delayed and progressive behavioral and neuropathological changes similar to Parkinson’s disease. This model mimics the human clinical situation, in which pathogenesis is well-established by the time diagnostic motor deficits appear. As such, this model may provide a more relevant experimental system in which to test disease-modifying therapeutics.
Family interaction, psychological capital, and health risk——How family affect individual’s health outcome
Authors: Wu Zhengyu , Wan Dewen , Gong Wenjuan , Jiang Maomin
Published: November 2022

Objective
The family is a particular vehicle for everyone's life and development. To better understand the impact of family interactions on an individual's health risk, this study examined family interaction between family relationships, psychological capital, and health risk, providing suggestions for people's health promotion.
Methods
A total of 17543 participants were included in this study, the data obtained came from the China Family Panel Studies' sixth wave (2019 ~ 2020), and the collected data were analyzed using path analysis to test the influence mechanism of family interactions on an individual's health risk.
Result
Family Interaction is significantly negatively correlated with health risk; it indicates that family interaction is a protective factor that influences people's mental and physical health. Family relationships and psychological capital are chain mediators between family interaction and health risk.
Conclusions
Findings highlight the importance of considering family interactions as an entry point for future health promotion for people; our data suggest that policymakers should encourage individuals to maintain health outcomes through positive family interactions.