bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust kinetics estimation from kinematics via direct collocation
Authors: Wang Kuan , Zhang Linlin , Liang Leichao , Shao Jiang , Chen Xinpeng , Wang Huihao
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Accurate joint moment analysis is essential in biomechanics, and the integration of direct collocation with markerless motion capture offers a promising approach for its estimation. However, markerless motion capture can introduce varying degrees of error in tracking trajectories. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the direct collocation method in estimating kinetics when joint trajectory data are impacted by noise.

Methods

We focused on walking and squatting movements as our target activities. To assess the method's robustness, we created five groups with differing noise levels—noise-free, mild noise, noisy group1, noisy group2, and a Gaussian noise group—in the joint center trajectories. Our approach involved combining joint center tracking with biological terms within the direct collocation scheme to address noise-related challenges. We calculated kinematics, joint moments, and ground reaction forces for comparison across the different noise groups.

Results

For the walking task, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) for the knee flexion moments were 0.103, 0.113, 0.127, 0.129, and 0.116 Nm/kg across the respective noise levels. The corresponding MAEs of the ankle flexion moment were 0.130, 0.133, 0.145, 0.131, and 0.138 Nm/kg. The hip flexion moment had MAEs of 0.182, 0.204, 0.242, 0.246, and 0.249 Nm/kg in the respective groups. In squatting, the MAEs of ankle flexion moments were 0.207, 0.219, 0.217, 0.253, and 0.227 Nm/kg in the noise-free, mild noise, noisy group1, noisy group2, and the Gaussian noise group, respectively. The MAEs of the knee flexion moments were 0.177, 0.196, 0.198, 0.197, and 0.221 Nm/kg, whereas the mean MAEs of the hip flexion moments were 0.125, 0.135, 0.141, 0.161, and 0.178 Nm/kg in the respective groups.

Conclusion

The results highlight that the direct collocation method incorporating both tracking and biological terms in the cost function could robustly estimate joint moments during walking and squatting across various noise levels. Currently, this method is better suited to reflect general activity dynamics than subject-specific dynamics in clinical practice. Future research should focus on refining cost functions to achieve an optimal balance between robustness and accuracy.
Urban ecology in the context of urban heat island vulnerability potential zone mapping: the case of Mekelle city, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfamariam Solomon , Govindu Vanum , Uncha Abera
Published: December 2024

While urban heat islands (UHIs) have been thoroughly studied in cities worldwide, the specific risks and vulnerabilities related to urban heat in Ethiopia and Africa as a whole has given less attention. Urbanization often replaces green spaces with impervious surfaces, which diminishes natural cooling, precipitation, and water infiltration. This change can significantly affect land surface temperatures (LST) and contribute to UHI formation and its impacts. This study aimed to identify and assess the risk factors linked to UHIs, focusing on pinpointing the most vulnerable areas within cities using principal components explanatory factor analysis (HV-PC-EFA) and the urban heat vulnerability index (UHVI) model. The analysis utilized 19 composite indicators under well-established categories such as exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to assess potential risk zones. The results from the two models were compared, and their variations were examined. In the HV-PC-EFA model, indicators like urban density and roof type, along with adaptive factors such as vegetation cover, urban thermal field variances, and relative humidity, were not distinctly separated as individual components. This may cause discrepancies in the final outcomes, impacting the spatial distribution and extent of vulnerability. Despite observing some spatial variations in identifying risk areas, the study provides a broad perspective essential for developing evidence-based policies and strategies to enhance cities’ resilience to high temperatures and promote sustainable environments. Given the challenges in modifying existing infrastructure, it is practical to regularly implement adaptive measures, such as preserving and restoring urban water bodies, planting trees, creating green public spaces, and raising public awareness about these risks.
Climate extremes and risks: links between climate science and decision-making
Authors: Sillmann Jana , Raupach Timothy H. , Findell Kirsten L. , Donat Markus , Alves Lincoln M. , Alexander Lisa , Borchert Leonard , de Amorim Pablo Borges , Buontempo Carlo , Fischer Erich M. , Franzke Christian L. , Guan Bin , Haasnoot Marjolijn , Hawkins Ed , Jacob Daniela , Mahon Roché , Maraun Douglas , Morrison Monica A. , Poschlod Benjamin , Ruane Alex C. , Shampa  , Stephenson Tannecia , van der Wel Narelle , Wang Zhuo , Zhang Xuebin , Županić Josipa
Published: December 2024

The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) envisions a future where actionable climate information is universally accessible, supporting decision makers in preparing for and responding to climate change. In this perspective, we advocate for enhancing links between climate science and decision-making through a better and more decision-relevant understanding of climate impacts. The proposed framework comprises three pillars: climate science, impact science, and decision-making, focusing on generating seamless climate information from sub-seasonal, seasonal, decadal to century timescales informed by observed climate events and their impacts. The link between climate science and decision-making has strengthened in recent years, partly owing to undeniable impacts arising from disastrous weather extremes. Enhancing decision-relevant understanding involves utilizing lessons from past extreme events and implementing impact-based early warning systems to improve resilience. Integrated risk assessment and management require a comprehensive approach that encompasses good knowledge about possible impacts, hazard identification, monitoring, and communication of risks while acknowledging uncertainties inherent in climate predictions and projections, but not letting the uncertainty lead to decision paralysis. The importance of data accessibility, especially in the Global South, underscores the need for better coordination and resource allocation. Strategic frameworks should aim to enhance impact-related and open-access climate services around the world. Continuous improvements in predictive modeling and observational data are critical, as is ensuring that climate science remains relevant to decision makers locally and globally. Ultimately, fostering stronger collaborations and dedicated investments to process and tailor climate data will enhance societal preparedness, enabling communities to navigate the complexities of a changing climate effectively.
Navigating inclusion: understanding social perception, educational opportunity, and challenges for neurodiverse students in Bangladeshi formal education
Authors: Chowdhury Sabbir Ahmed , Islam Mohammad Ashraful , Nishat Md. Tahmid Anjum , Nadiv Md. Adnan , Ormi Nosrat Jahan
Published: December 2024

Neurodiversity movement around the world pushes the society to ensure inclusion in all settings in where societal perspectives play the vital roles for effective changes. The aim of this study was to explore the scenario of inclusion of neurodiverse students of Bangladesh. This qualitative study sheds light on social perspectives toward neurodiverse students; as well as their educational opportunity and challenges in formal education. Through purposive sampling, eight parents of neurodiverse students and eight special educators were chosen as the sample of this study. In depth data were collected through interview questionnaire from both groups. Interpretation of data exhibited the misconception, prejudices, and social stigma toward neurodiverse students. Findings of the study also revealed the challenges regarding education of neurodiverse students such as: inadequacy of resources, awareness, teachers training and infrastructure. The study concludes by proposing possible strategies such as: proper policy and curriculum development, capacity building and awareness raising to overcome those challenges.
Impact of active methodologies on the digital competencies of elderly
Authors: Martínez-Alcalá Claudia I. , Cabero-Almenara Julio , Martínez-Lazcano Verónica , Aguilar-Lira Lizbeth , González-Vera Cinthia N.
Published: December 2024

It is essential to develop digital skills in the demographic group represented by elderly once digital exclusion becomes a growing concern in an increasingly technological world. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped classrooms and microlearning on the digital literacy of adults over 50 years through a virtual course. With the implementation of a descriptive, correlational, and longitudinal approach, the research considered six consecutive two-month periods, ranging from elemental to advanced levels of expanding their digital skills. The final sample included 112 Mexican participants (93 women and 19 men) with a mean age of 64.30 years and an average schooling of 13.6 years. The results reveal that participants’ satisfaction with the pedagogical approaches is positively associated with developing their digital skills and increasing their confidence to apply them. Altogether, these findings highlight how a structured learning environment, combined with emotional support and active practice, not only facilitates the acquisition of technology skills but also empowers older people, enabling them to approach the digital world with confidence. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing pedagogical approaches that address the specific needs of elderly, promoting their digital inclusion and the development of their autonomy in the use of technology.
Toripalimab plus chemotherapy for metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a high tumor proportion score: a case report
Authors: Ning Wei , Chang Pengkang , Zheng Ji , Chen Wei
Published: December 2024

Background

Radical cystectomy (RC) combined with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). For metastatic MIBC patients, platinum-based chemotherapy remains the first choice treatment. However, approximately 50% of patients with metastatic MIBC are ineligible for platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy because of impaired renal function. In programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients who cannot tolerate platinum-based chemotherapy, immunotherapy is recommended. Thus, a major shift is taking place in the treatment of patients with metastatic MIBC. There is currently much interest in the use of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and maintenance immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic MIBC.

Case presentation

One patient with metastatic MIBC exhibited promising progression-free survival (PFS) and safety and had good renal function after RC and toripalimab combined with chemotherapy plus toripalimab maintenance therapy.

Conclusion

RC plus adjuvant therapy (toripalimab combined with chemotherapy) plus toripalimab maintenance therapy is a potential treatment option for metastatic MIBC patients who want to prolong their life. Moreover, a high tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 expression as well as CDKN2A and TP53 mutation levels may predict immunotherapy efficacy and patient prognosis.
Bridging health registry data acquisition and real-time data analytics
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Arjune Sita , Boehm Volker , Grundmann Franziska , Müller Roman-Ulrich , Antczak Philipp
Published: December 2024

The number of clinical studies and associated research has increased significantly in the last few years. Particularly in rare diseases, an increased effort has been made to integrate, analyse, and develop new knowledge to improve patient stratification and wellbeing. Clinical databases, including digital medical records, hold significant amount of information that can help understand the impact and progression of diseases. Combining and integrating this data however, has provided a challenge for data scientists due to the complex structures of digital medical records and the lack of site wide standardization of data entry. To address these challenges we present a python backed tool, Meda, which aims to collect data from different sources and combines these in a unified database structure for near real-time monitoring of clinical data. Together with an R shiny interface we can provide a near complete platform for real-time analysis and visualization.
Association between waist-to-height ratio and osteoporosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Hailong , Qiu Jianfeng , Gao Zhe , Li Chun , Chu Jianjun
Published: December 2024

Background

The link between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and osteoporosis (OP) remains a contentious issue in the field of medical research. Currently, the available evidence on this association is deemed insufficient. This topic has garnered significant attention and is a focal point of ongoing investigations.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 5,746 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on various demographic and clinical parameters, including age, gender, race, poverty income ratio, educational level, smoking status, drinking status, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin A1c, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, serum total bilirubin, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, serum sodium, serum phosphorus, total calcium, serum potassium, and serum iron, were collected from all participants. The main analytical methods utilized in this study were multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and threshold effect analysis to investigate the association between WHtR and OP.

Results

A total of 5,746 elderly participants were enrolled, with a median age of 69.3 years. Compared with individuals with lower WHtR Q1 (≤0.36 to ≤0.56), the adjusted OR values for WHtR and OP in Q2 (<0.56 to ≤0.61), Q3 (<0.61 to ≤0.66), and Q4 (<0.66 to ≤ 0.94) were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47–0.85, p = 0.003), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.37–0.76, p < 0.001), and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.35–0.68, p < 0.001), respectively. The association between WHtR and OP exhibited an L-shaped curve (nonlinear, p = 0.008) with an inflection point of roughly 0.57. The OR for the presence of OP was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.31–0.82, p = 0.007) in participants with WHtR <0.57. There was no association between WHtR and OP in participants with WHtR ≥0.57.

Conclusion

The association between WHtR and OP showed an L-shaped curve, with an inflection point at around 0.57.
Characteristics of patients with non-severe infections of different SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants in China
Authors: Yuan Wenfang , Liu Yongmei , Zhan Haoting , Wei Feng , Zhang Qian , Gao Huixia , Yan Huimin , Huang Tao , Li Yongzhe , Dai Erhei
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of patients infected with different Omicron subvariants presenting non-severe disease, evaluate the safety and efficacy of Azvudine for treatment of COVID-19, in order to broaden understanding of Omicron subvariant infections.

Method

A total of 244 individuals with Omicron subvariant (BA.2.76, n = 158; BA.5.1, n = 86) were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the study participants were collected and analyzed.

Result

Patients infected with BA.5.1 exhibited a higher incidence of clinical symptoms like fatigue (25.58% vs. 2.53%, p < 0.001), headache/dizziness (12.79% vs. 4.43%, p = 0.017), nausea/vomiting (10.47% vs. 1.27%, p = 0.002), viral loads and inflammatory factors, and shorter virus shedding time than those with BA.2.76. There are 28.1% patients reporting mild adverse events following Azvudine administration. After treatment, the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM, white blood cell, and lymphocyte obviously increased, while C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D-dimer reduced. Azvudine speeded up the time for virus clearance compared to control treatment (10 vs. 11 days, p = 0.032). Low lymphocyte counts (odd ratio (OR) = 0.607, p = 0.001) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer (OR = 0.990, p = 0.028) were the independent risk factors for long nucleic acid negativization duration after infection. Patients with pneumonia were often accompanied by dyspnea, fatigue and high level of D-dimer. Dyspnea (OR = 10.176, p = 0.019) could be used to identify the occurrence of pneumonia in patients infected with Omicron.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated the difference in clinical and laboratory parameters between patients infected with Omicron BA.2.76 and BA.5.1, as well as the safety and efficacy of Azvudine therapy. Our study linked patient manifestations to Omicron subvariant, treatment, and clinical outcomes, which is conducive to healthcare providers/policymakers to revise and implement appropriate countermeasures, facilitating appropriately advise for individuals with Omicron subvariant infections.
Modeling inactivation of non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B spores in a plant-based fish alternative
Authors: Champidou Chrysanthi , Ellouze Mariem , Haddad Nabila , Membré Jeanne-Marie
Published: December 2024

Our study aims to assess the thermal inactivation of non-proteolytic type B Clostridium botulinum spores in a plant-based fish and to evaluate the potential of alternative heat treatments at temperatures below the safe harbor guidelines established for vacuum-packed chilled products of extended durability. First, the heat resistance of the spore suspension was determined using capillary tubes in potassium phosphate buffer at 80°C. The D80 value was estimated to be 0.7–0.8 min. Then, inactivation was studied in a plant-based fish alternative using “thermal cells equipment.” Inactivation kinetics were obtained at four temperatures: 78, 81, 84 and 85°C, in duplicates. A secondary model describing log10D values versus temperatures was fitted to the dataset. The model parameters ZT and log10Dref (log10D at Tref 82°C) were estimated to be 8.02 ± 0.46°C and 0.32 ± 0.02, respectively. Model validation was done first with additional data collected at three different temperatures (79.1, 82.5, 87.5°C) and second with literature data. The time required to deliver 6 log reduction in the plant-based food matrix was predicted at temperatures within the range 80–90°C. The recommended processing for vacuum-packed chilled products, 90°C for 10 min, was evaluated. We demonstrated that the recommended processing is approximately five times more than the time required for 6 log reduction of non-proteolytic C. botulinum in the plant-based fish alternative, indicating a substantial margin of safety. Our findings highlight the importance of conducting product-specific studies for the evaluation of thermal processing and the potential of process optimization for certain product categories.
Unraveling the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein long-term effect on neuro-PASC
Authors: Menezes Filipe , Palmeira Julys da Fonseca , Oliveira Juliana dos Santos , Argañaraz Gustavo Adolfo , Soares Carlos Roberto Jorge , Nóbrega Otávio Toledo , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais , Argañaraz Enrique Roberto
Published: December 2024

The persistence or emergence of long-term symptoms following resolution of primary SARS-CoV-2 infection is referred to as long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). PASC predominantly affects the cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and immune systems. Among these, the central nervous system (CNS) is significantly impacted, leading to a spectrum of symptoms, including fatigue, headaches, brain fog, cognitive impairment, anosmia, hypogeusia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and peripheral neuropathy (neuro-PASC). However, the risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms responsible for neuro-PASC remain unclear. This review hypothesis discusses the leading hypotheses regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in long COVID/PASC, focusing on neuro-PASC. We propose vascular dysfunction mediated by activation of astrocytes and pericytes followed by blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological manifestations. Additionally, we provide insights into the role of spike protein at the blood–brain interface. Finally, we explore the potential pathogenic mechanisms initiated by the interaction between the spike protein and cellular receptors at the brain endothelial and tissue levels.
Clinical utility of synuclein skin biopsy in the diagnosis and evaluation of synucleinopathies
Authors: Isaacson Jonathan R. , Freeman Roy , Gibbons Christopher H.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The diagnosis of diseases known as synucleinopathies, Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Lewy body dementia (DLB), is predominantly based on clinical criteria. However, diagnostic uncertainty may persist until late in the disease process leading to delays in diagnosis and medical mismanagement. Skin biopsy detection of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (P-SYN) is a sensitive and specific technique that increases diagnostic sensitivity of synucleinopathies, although the clinical utility of this test has not been fully explored.

Methods

To determine the role of skin biopsy in the diagnosis of synucleinopathies we performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent skin biopsy for detection of P-SYN in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disease at a tertiary care academic institution to investigate the change in diagnosis and medical management based on the results of skin biopsy detection of P-SYN.

Results

We included 97 patients suspected to have a synucleinopathy: 54 with PD, 19 with DLB and 24 with MSA. After skin biopsy testing for P-SYN, 78% of patients had a change in their clinical care with 66% having a change in their diagnosis and 55% having a change in their treatment. Changes in diagnosis were most common in patients with parkinsonism with prominent action tremor (93%), lower-extremity predominant parkinsonism (postural instability and gait dysfunction) (90%), and parkinsonism with predominant cognitive dysfunction (76%).

Discussion

In patients with suspected synucleinopathies, skin biopsy detection of P-SYN had a high level of clinical utility leading to changes in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Oral behaviors in Chinese temporomandibular disorder patients: insights from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses
Authors: Liu Tiqian , Yap Adrian Ujin , Sun Yanyu , Zheng Yunhao , Wang Tianqi , Zeng Shiya , Liu Zhen , Xiong Xin
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) in Chinese temporomandibular disorder (TMDs) patients and compare the outcomes with those of Western patients. Additionally, it examined the correlations between different OBC subscale scoring methods.

Methods

A total of 869 patients completed a survey that included demographic information, the Symptom Questionnaire, and OBC. This was followed by a clinical examination and diagnosis based on the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMDs). Exploratory factor analysis, along with confirmatory factor analysis, was applied to waking-state oral behaviors, revealing two key factors: Chinese non-functional (C-NFA) and functional (C-FA) oral activities. Items were contrasted with those of Italian TMDs patients (I-NFA and I-FA), and subscale scores were computed, compared, and correlated using Kruskal Wallis and Post-hoc and Spearman’s rank-order correlation (α = 0.05).

Results

Variations in NFA and FA items were observed between Chinese and Italian TMDs patients. For both NFA scoring methods, significant differences were noted between pain-related and intra-articular TMDs. The C-NFA and I-NFA, as well as C-FA and I-FA, scoring methods yielded scores with strong correlations (r > 0.8).

Conclusion

NFA and FA subscale items were determined for Chinese TMDs patients. Despite item discrepancies, C-NFA and C-FA scores were strongly correlated with I-NFA and I-FA scores, respectively. The OBC can be effectively simplified for use with Chinese TMDs patients. Developing and validating an East–West short-form version of the OBC should be prioritized, given the variations in oral behaviors across countries and cultures.
Low-carbohydrate diet score and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a machine learning analysis of NHANES data
Authors: Zhang Xin , Mo Jipeng , Yang Kaiyu , Tan Tiewu , Zhao Cuiping , Qin Hui
Published: December 2024

Background

Recent research has identified the Low-Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) score as a novel biomarker, with studies showing that LCDs can reduce carbon dioxide retention, potentially improving lung function. While the link between the LCD score and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been explored, its relevance in the US population remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the association between the LCD score and the likelihood of COPD prevalence in this population.

Methods

Data from 16,030 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2023 were analyzed to examine the relationship between LCD score and COPD. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to reduce baseline bias. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were applied, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was used to explore possible nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the results. Additionally, we employed eight machine learning methods—Boost Tree, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, MLP, Naive Bayes, KNN, Random Forest, and SVM RBF—to build predictive models and evaluate their performance. Based on the best-performing model, we further examined variable importance and model accuracy.

Results

Upon controlling for variables, the LCD score demonstrated a strong correlation with the odds of COPD prevalence. In compared to the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the high quartile were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.95), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.93), and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.78). RCS analysis demonstrated a linear inverse relationship between the LCD score and the odds of COPD prevalence. Furthermore, the random forest model exhibited robust predictive efficacy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 71.6%.

Conclusion

Our study of American adults indicates that adherence to the LCD may be linked to lower odds of COPD prevalence. These findings underscore the important role of the LCD score as a tool for enhancing COPD prevention efforts within the general population. Nonetheless, additional prospective cohort studies are required to assess and validate these results.
Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: an assessment based on the AGREE II, AGREE-REX tools and the RIGHT checklist
Authors: Zhang Yingzhen , Liu Junjie , Liu Shuyu , Zhang Ying , Su Xingzhou , Huang Shaohui , Duan Weiyi
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to obtain several published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and critically assess and compare their quality by using three guideline quality evaluation tools, namely, AGREE II, AGREE-REX, and RIGHT, to support the development of future CPGs for HNSCC.

Methods

Clinical practice guidelines related to the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC were screened through a comprehensive systematic literature search. Data were extracted from the guidelines which met the inclusion criteria, and two experienced head and neck oncology surgeons were trained to act as independent reviewers. The quality of the retrieved guidelines that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was evaluated by using the AGREE II, AGREE-REX, and RIGHT tools. Then, the quality of the guidelines that met the criteria was assessed. Finally, conclusions and recommendations were drawn based on the scoring results.

Results

A total of eight guidelines met the inclusion criteria. Four guidelines(written by ASCO, NCCN, CCO and KCE) scored > 60% in five or more AGREE II quality domains, two guidelines(written by ASCO and KCE) scored > 60% in all AGREE-REX quality domains, and two guidelines(written by ASCO and KCE) scored > 60% in all quality domains on the RIGHT checklist and were considered “recommendable”.

Conclusions

The authors recommend consulting the American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for HNSCC and suggest that future guideline development groups refer to the guideline evaluation framework for guideline writing to enhance the applicability and effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines.
Polysaccharides derived from golden mushroom (Cantharellus cibarius Fr.) modulate gut microbiota and enhance intestinal barrier function to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Alioui Yamina , Ullah Hidayat , Ali Sharafat , Rahman Mujeeb Ur , Elkharti Maroua , Farooqui Nabeel Ahmed , Rehman Ata Ur , Ilyas Muhammad , Alsholi Duaa M. , Siddiqi Nimra Zafar , Ali Muhsin , Wang Liang , Xin Yi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, is marked by intestinal barrier disruptions, immune system dysregulation, and an imbalance in the gut microbiota. The golden chanterelle mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius Fr., a popular edible mushroom, has shown potential therapeutic benefits. This study examines the therapeutic potential of a crude polysaccharide extract obtained from C. cibarius Fr. (CCP) on intestinal barrier integrity, inflammatory cytokine levels, and gut microbiota composition in a murine model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

Methods

To induce colitis BALB/c mice were provided to consume autoclaved water with 3% DSS for 7 days, followed by 14 days of CCP supplementation. To assess the effects of CCP, histological analysis of colon tissue was performed, gene expression, inflammatory responses, tight junction proteins expression, gut barrier integrity, and cytokines levels were measured and analyzed and 16S rRNA sequencing were evaluated.

Results and Discussion

CCP treatment alleviates colitis symptoms by improving body weight, and enhancing intestinal integrity through increased mucin-2 and tight junction protein expression. Additionally, CCP administration regulates the altered immune response by mitigating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CCP supplementation effectively modulates DSS-induced dysbiosis as demonstrated by 16S rRNA sequencing results. These findings suggest that crude polysaccharides from the golden chanterelle mushroom, C. cibarius Fr., hold promise for treating colitis, via strengthening the intestinal barrier, regulating inflammatory responses, and reshaping the gut dysbiosis in a DSS-induced colitis model. CCP offers a novel approach for managing colitis, as a chronic inflammatory condition.
Physiological monitoring to prevent diving disorders
Authors: Beatty Paul , Evans William , Gravelyn Sara , Tumperi Marshall , Daubon Druso , Veith Austin
Published: December 2024

Insight into human physiology is key to maintaining diver safety in underwater operational environments. Numerous hazardous physiological phenomena can occur during the descent, the time at depth, the ascent, and the hours after a dive that can have enduring consequences. While safety measures and strict adherence to dive protocols make these events uncommon, diving disorders still occur, often with insufficient understanding of the factors that triggered the event. This review first examines the most common diving disorders and their incidence rates across recreational and US military dive activities. The review then identifies physiological biomarkers (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, respiration rate, temperature, oxygen saturation) that may provide a holistic view of the diver’s current physiological state and potentially detect the most concerning diving disorders (e.g., decompression illnesses, gas mixture-related disorders, barotraumas, and environment exposure). Although considerable research is still needed to verify the use of these biometrics in the diving environment, the research described in this review presents a promising path to developing a system that can detect pending diving disorders and provide divers and other necessary parties with an early warning before mishaps occur.
The effect of adult attachment on mobile phone dependence among university students: the mediating role of loneliness
Authors: Wang Zhenhong , Xuan Bin
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to examine the direct relationship between adult attachment and mobile phone dependence, as well as the mediating role of loneliness.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional study design, 596 Chinese university students (mean age = 19.8, SD = 1.09; females = 309) completed the Experience in Close Relationship Inventory, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index.

Results

There were significant differences in loneliness and mobile phone dependence among university students with different adult attachment types. Adult attachment was found to have a significant positive correlation with mobile phone dependence. Moreover, adult attachment had an indirect association with mobile phone dependence through the mediating role of loneliness.

Conclusion

Adult attachment and mobile phone dependence are closely related, and loneliness plays a vital role in this relationship, suggesting that mobile phone dependence can be reduced by alleviating university students’ loneliness. These findings enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of mobile phone dependence and provided new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of mobile phone dependence among university students.
Feasibility of introducing integrated disease surveillance and response into curricula of public health training institutions in Sierra Leone: the process and lessons learnt
Authors: Njuguna Charles , Mbawa Abdul , Njeru Ian , Nuwagira Innocent Bright , Vandi Mohamed , Kanu Joseph Sam , Squire James Sylvester , Koroma Aminata Tigiedankay , Renner Ade , Musoke Robert , Gachari Wilson , Caulker Victor , Githuku Jane , Shambira Gerald , Bonkoungou Boukare , Talisuna Ambrose , Koua Etien Luc , Chamla Dick , Yoti Zabulon , Gueye Abdou Salam
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Response to public health emergencies is a big challenge in African countries due to inadequate workforce. Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) is a strategy implemented by African member states of WHO to strengthen capacity for disease surveillance and response at all levels. Despite successful implementation of IDSR in most countries, one of the challenges that persists is that of inadequate trained workforce competent enough for public health surveillance. Introducing IDSR pre-service curriculum in public health training institutions has therefore been recommended by WHO as one of the strategies to sustainably address the human resource challenge. We report on the process and lessons learnt in Sierra Leone which was the first country to implement the recommendation.

Methods

This was a descriptive study where the process of introducing and implementing IDSR pre-service curriculum in Sierra Leone was documented from 2018 to 2024. Data was collected through observation, documentation and analysis of key processes that took place. These processes included, inter alia, advocacy with public health training institutions, development of the IDSR pre-service curriculum and incorporation of the curriculum into the existing training programs of colleges and universities.

Results

IDSR preservice curriculum was developed and successfully introduced in eight targeted public health training institutions in Sierra Leone from September 2021. Training content was adapted from the 3rd Edition of IDSR technical guidelines developed by WHO in 2019. As at February 2024, more than 4,200 students had started taking IDSR modules in the eight institutions with 2,108 having completed and graduated. During the process, we learned that key enablers to success were government support, good advocacy with the training institutions and training of lecturers on IDSR. Main challenges were the long process of curriculum approval by training institutions and handling of big classes of students without adequate training materials.

Conclusion

Introducing IDSR into the preservice curricula of public health training institutions is feasible and can provide a reliable and continuous supply of a trained workforce ready to be utilized for IDSR in Africa. Successful implementation requires advocacy with training institutions as well as regular monitoring of the implementation to maintain good quality.
Construction and optimization of health behavior prediction model for the older adult in smart older adult care
Authors: Guo Qian , Chen Peiyuan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

With the intensification of global aging, health management for the older adult has become a significant societal concern. Addressing challenges such as data diversity, health status complexity, long-term dependence, and data privacy is crucial for predicting older adult health behaviors.

Methods

This study designs and implements a smart older adult care service model incorporating modules like multimodal data fusion, data loss processing, nonlinear prediction, emergency detection, and privacy protection. It leverages multi-source datasets and market research for accurate health behavior prediction and dynamic management.

Results

The model demonstrates excellent performance in health behavior prediction, emergency detection, and delivering personalized services. Experimental results show an increase in accuracy and robustness in health behavior prediction.

Discussion

The model effectively addresses the needs of smart older adult care, offering a promising solution to enhance prediction accuracy and system robustness. Future improvements, integrating more data and optimizing technology, will strengthen its potential for providing comprehensive support in older adult care services.
Factors associated with access to health services among people with long COVID in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Miranda Amanda Loyse da Costa , Costa Vanessa Ladyanne da Silva , da Paixão Ana Rosa Tavares , Martins Melissa Barbosa , Polaro Sandra Helena Isse , Cunha Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo , Botelho Eliã Pinheiro , Pedroso Andrey Oeiras , Silva Ana Cristina de Oliveira e , Reis Renata Karina , Ferreira Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff
Published: December 2024

Background

Access to healthcare services for the population with long COVID is a challenge, as healthcare systems have been tasked with responding effectively to the extensive clinical heterogeneity of this disease.

Objective

To analyze the factors associated with access to health services among people with long COVID in the Brazilian Amazon.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study using a quantitative method, conducted through an online survey between May 2023 and January 2024. The study included participants aged 18 years or older, residing in the northern region of Brazil, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and who experienced long COVID. Participants completed an adapted version of the questionnaire on the Research Electronic Data Capture platform. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.

Results

A total of 364 people with long COVID participated in the study, of which only 167 (45.88%) had access to healthcare to treat the symptoms of this clinical condition. In the final multiple logistic regression model, only factors related to the need for services were associated with healthcare access. Participants with symptoms of dermatological alterations (AOR = 2.57; p = 0.01), a pre-COVID-19 diagnosis of chronic disease (AOR = 5.62; p = 0.04), those who treated their most severe COVID-19 infection with the assistance of a healthcare professional (AOR = 4.97; p = 0.01), and those who used antibiotics during their most severe COVID-19 infection (AOR = 3.24; p = 0.01) were more likely to access healthcare services for treating long COVID.

Conclusion

Factors related to the need for services were the only ones associated in this population. It is important to know these aspects to identify the most affected populations and propose measures.
Artificial intelligence in triage of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Oliveira Yuri , Rios Iêda , Araújo Paula , Macambira Alinne , Guimarães Marcos , Sales Lúcia , Rosa Júnior Marcos , Nicola André , Nakayama Mauro , Paschoalick Hermeto , Nascimento Francisco , Castillo-Salgado Carlos , Ferreira Vania Moraes , Carvalho Hervaldo
Published: December 2024

In 2019, COVID-19 began one of the greatest public health challenges in history, reaching pandemic status the following year. Systems capable of predicting individuals at higher risk of progressing to severe forms of the disease could optimize the allocation and direction of resources. In this work, we evaluated the performance of different Machine Learning algorithms when predicting clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, using clinical data from hospital admission alone. This data was collected during a prospective, multicenter cohort that followed patients with respiratory syndrome during the pandemic. We aimed to predict which patients would present mild cases of COVID-19 and which would develop severe cases. Severe cases were defined as those requiring access to the Intensive Care Unit, endotracheal intubation, or even progressing to death. The system achieved an accuracy of 80%, with Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 91%, Positive Predictive Value of 87% and Negative Predictive Value of 82%. Considering that only data from hospital admission was used, and that this data came from low-cost clinical examination and laboratory testing, the low false positive rate and acceptable accuracy observed shows that it is feasible to implement prediction systems based on artificial intelligence as an effective triage method.
Surface plasmon resonance to trace and measure cancer cell apoptosis using morphological and refractive index changes
Authors: Rais Nor Akmaliza , Abouhajar Fatimah , Stuart Daniel D. , Van Zant Westley , Cheng Quan
Published: December 2024

Morphological changes of cancer cells are often used as an important indicator within efficiency studies of anticancer drugs. Morphological cell analysis on cell size and shape distribution is typically performed using microscopic methods, which are time consuming and require skilled personnel. Recently, more advanced image processing and pattern recognition have enabled identification and quantitative analysis of the cell’s abnormality and classification in an automated way. However, these methods usually involve multiple staining steps. In addition to computational complexity, the processes greatly compromise real-time applications of the system. Therefore, a non-invasive, real-time method allowing for assessment of living cells’ reactions to a death inducer is very much needed. Here, we present an SPR biosensor that measures the changes in cancer cells’ size and detachment, relating the cell confluency with the changes of the refractive index on the cell-substrate interface. As a proof-of-concept, we chose HeLa cell and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced apoptosis as the model system to study the morphological changes of the cell. The results show that the SPR response to cell apoptosis agreed with the cellular morphological changes observed via microscopy. Interestingly, we observed simultaneous apoptosis and necrosis at high H2O2 concentrations. This simultaneous occurrence was verified using a mathematical model which incorporated other important factors such as cell thickness and intercellular refractive index. This model helped resolve the disagreement between SPR signal and cell confluency at high H2O2 concentrations. Our results show the potential of SPR as a label free and real time monitoring method for morphological changes and surface detachment of cancer cells. This method can be fully expanded to other cell-based sensing applications.
The immediate pain relief of low-level laser therapy for burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study of 94 cases
Authors: Mu Wenxin , Li Shanshan , Lu Qian , Wang Juan , Tao Xiaoan
Published: December 2024

Significance

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic orofacial pain disorder that seriously affects quality of life of patients. In recent years, Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been regarded as an important innovation in pain management, but there is insufficient evidence of its effectiveness in patients with painful BMS. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT for immediate pain relief due to BMS.

Methods

This retrospective study included 94 BMS patients that were treated with an intraoral semiconductor laser (635 nm, 100 mW/cm2). Pain was self-assessed before and immediately after LLLT sessions using a 0-to-10 visual analogue scale (VAS). Paired-samples t-test and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to analyze overall efficacy and its influencing factors.

Results

After standardized LLLT session, 71.3% of patients reported an immediate pain decrease. Compared to pre-LLLT treatment, the VAS immediately post-LLLT was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Mean post-LLLT VAS reduction was 2.2 ± 2.0, equivalent to 39.9% of the initial pain level. Meanwhile, low VAS before treatment, history of smoking or alcohol, xerostomia, and gingival lesions correlated with worse LLLT efficacy. There were no side effects or adverse reactions were noticed by the practitioner or reported by the patients.

Conclusions

LLLT may provide non-pharmacological, non-invasive, side-effect-free, and rapid pain relief for painful BMS patients. No baseline characteristics affecting overall efficiency were found except for VAS before treatment, history of smoking or alcohol, xerostomia, and gingival lesions.
Primary beam calibration for commensal telescopes utilizing offset optics
Authors: Polisensky Emil , Clarke Tracy E. , Giacintucci Simona , Peters Wendy
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Accurate primary beam calibration is essential for precise brightness measurements in radio astronomy. The VLA Low-band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (VLITE) faces challenges in calibration due to the offset Cassegrain optics used in its commensal observing system. This study aims to develop a novel calibration method to improve accuracy with no impact on the Very Large Array (VLA) primary science observations.

Methods

We used the apparent brightness of standard candles identified in VLITE’s commensal data to develop 1D and 2D primary beam response models. These models accounted for operational changes and asymmetries caused by the subreflector and were validated against holographic methods and compact source light curves.

Results

The models achieved calibration accuracy within 3% across the field of view, significantly improving the precision of brightness measurements. The results were consistent with holography-derived solutions and performed reliably under different operational conditions.

Discussion

This improved calibration technique expands VLITE’s capabilities for studying active galactic nuclei, transients, and pulsars. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional holographic methods, facilitating broader use in commensal observing systems.