bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare and the Here and Now
Authors: Craig Hardin
Published: January 2021

Like many American scholars I have been interested in the issue between science and the humanities in higher education. I have heard lectures and read books that praised the humanities and made reasoned presentations of the claims of literature and the arts in the dissemination of the best and most effective culture. I have been gratified by such discourses. The inference has been that students of science and technology should be urged and persuaded to devote at least some time to history, philosophy, literature, and the arts, and to this I have no objection; but it has seemed to me that we were taking hold of the matter from exactly the wrong end. It is perhaps important for scientists to know the humanities, but it has seemed to me essential that humanists should know the sciences. I presume my acquaintance with the Renaissance has led me to adopt the view that the truths of science, as well as those of history, philosophy, arts and letters, are within the domain of humanism. I need not mention the names of great Renaissance humanists—Erasmus, Spenser, Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Rabelais, Montaigne, Ariosto, and Cervantes. We still have, however, a thrill of surprise when we hear Bacon say, “I have taken all knowledge to be my province,” although Bacon is merely expressing the professed doctrine of Renaissance humanism. The truth of the matter is that all Renaissance humanists, with due allowance for the indulgence of special aptitudes, did precisely that.
The Meaning of Eliot's Rose-Garden
Authors: Wagner Robert D. , College Sarah Lawrence
Published: January 2021

The imagination is the great discovery of modern self-consciousness. We have come to suppose that supreme moments of vision—whether these be the “shewings” of Dame Julian of Norwich or the “résurrections de la mémoire” of Marcel Proust—are the fruit merely of a human power to transform the ordinary appearances of daily life into transparent images on which the mind can rest. It could follow that all spiritual clarifications of reality, like great works of art, reveal no more than successful conjunctions of matter and consciousness.
Hawthorne on Romantic Love and the Status of Women
Authors: Cronin Morton
Published: January 2021

The women that Hawthorne created divide rather neatly into three groups. Such fragile creatures as Alice Pyncheon and Priscilla, who are easily dominated by other personalities, form one of these groups. Another is made up of bright, self-reliant, and wholesome girls, such as Ellen Langton, Phoebe, and Hilda. The third consists of women whose beauty, intellect, and strength of will raise them to heroic proportions and make them fit subjects for tragedy. Hester Prynne, Zenobia, and Miriam—these women are capable of tilting with the world and risking their souls on the outcome. With them in particular Hawthorne raises and answers the question of the proper status of women in society and the relation, whether subordinate or superior, that love should bear to the other demands that life makes upon the individual. With the other types Hawthorne fills out his response to that question.
Wordsworth's River Duddon Sonnets
Authors: Wilcox Stewart C.
Published: January 2021

Because none of Wordsworth's later poems has been so neglected as his sonnet cycle The River Duddon, the pleasant task remains of doing it critical justice. O. J. Campbell has used it as an illustration of Wordsworth's later symbolic art, and the geographical features of the landscape through which the Duddon flows have been adequately described. Furthermore, the English river is a happier symbol than the deer in The While Doe of Rylstone and has simpler, more natural virtues than the mystic Holy River which is the life-stream of pure religion in the Ecclesiastical Sonnets. Most of the Duddon poems, it is true, fall less sublimely upon the ear and have less nobility and perfection than the finest he composed before 1806. Even so, their level is consistently high, part of their attractiveness being a sometimes bleak austerity. In several ways too, as Wordsworth generously says in his “Postscript,” the sequence is related to Coleridge's project, The Brook, outlined in Biographia Literaria. More important, however, is the final development of an extended theme based upon water imagery, for after 1797 Wordsworth's profoundest insights are often associated with it. We have also Robert Arnold Aubin's comment that “the greatest river-poem of all is Wordsworth's River Duddon (1820)… . With its use of apostrophe, local pride, historical reflection, catalogue, moralizing, genre scenes, episode, early memories, prospect, ruin-piece, and Muse-driving ( On, loitering muse—the swift stream chides us—on!'), it is not wonderful that a reviewer perceived that the work belonged in the main stream of topographical poetry.”
Report of the Commission on Trends in Education, 1956
Authors: Rice Warner G.
Published: January 2021

At a meeting of the Commission on Trends held at Atlantic City in the winter of 1950, its members agreed, according to the report of Dean Thomas Clark Pollock, then its chairman, that the commission's “function was not operational, i.e., conducting educational investigations, but what we may for want of a better term call philosophical, i.e., the discussion of educational trends or conditions affecting areas represented in the Modern Language Association of America, and the preparation of reports or brief statements presenting its views on these trends or conditions.” During the period of Dean Pollock's chairmanship no statement on educational trends was issued, since other business proved more pressing; but at a meeting held at MLA headquarters on 21 and 22 April 1952, members of the Commission agreed to discharge their obligation by compiling jointly a report on developments and issues in the academic world which could be presented at the association's winter meeting. To this document, for which the chairman must acknowledge editorial responsibility, contributions were made by Dean John S. Diekhoff, Professors John H. Fisher, Helena M. Gamer, Kathrine Roller, Gordon N. Ray, and Francis M. Rogers. The materials surveyed were extensive—books, educational journals, bulletins, reports, college catalogs and announcements, newspapers, magazines; and in addition to their wide-ranging reviews, the contributors undertook a few special inquiries. They do not, however, in publishing their findings, make any pretension to scientific thoroughness, to close statistical accuracy, or to complete disinterestedness. The scanning and digesting of the literature currently available on the subject of American education is a very large task; the selection and appraisal of what is important must depend to a considerable degree upon the judgment and experience of the collaborators. Published accounts of projected innovations, or of educational processes, do not always reveal the genuine objectives, the actual character, of the activities described, or the kind of implementation achieved; indeed an adequate knowledge of these matters cannot often be gained by any means short of direct observation and inquiry. Such opportunities were not often open to members of the commission, who have had to record, along with the facts they have collected, some impressions and educated guesses. Since, however, the commission includes in its membership deans, department chairmen, a former officer of MLA who spent many years at headquarters, and graduate teachers of long experience—all persons who have had considerable practice in gauging the state of education in several parts of the country, and all persons responsible for predicting future developments—this composite view may prove useful. The collaborators have occupied themselves chiefly with the trends apparent in higher education in the United States, and in particular with those affecting the humanities.
1956 Annual Bibliography
Authors: Brown Paul A.
Published: January 2021

The following Bibliography marks a departure in MLA bibliographical service to its members. From 1919 to 1956 the Annual Bibliography was limited to American writers of books and articles in the field of the modern languages. The MLA Executive Council in February 1955 authorized the cessation of a strictly American bibliography and the inauguration of one which would gradually become international in scope. The following compilation is the initial attempt of the Association to provide this wider scope.
Meeting of the Executive Council
Authors: Long Percy W.
Published: January 2021

The Executive Council met at the Hotel Pennsylvania, New York, N. Y., on April 19 and 20, 1941, in three sessions: 2:30–6:00 p.m.; 8:00–10:30 p.m.; and 9:30 a.m.–12:30 p.m. All members were present except Professor Schevill (for whom Professor Carleton Brown proxied), and Professor Bradley after the first session.
The Bible and Les Fleurs du mal - reply
Authors: Henry Freeman G. , Avni Abraham
Published: January 2021

Forum Policy: Members of the Association are invited to submit letters commenting on any article published in PMLA, or on matters of scholarly and critical interest to readers generally. Such letters, if accepted by the Editor, will be sent to the author of the work commented on, who will be invited to reply. The usual rules regarding courtesy and avoidance of personalities will be enforced, and the Editor reserves complete discretion in deciding whether or not to publish any letter. Letters should not exceed 1,000 words of text. Footnotes are discouraged and should be included only when absolutely necessary.
International Yield Spillovers
Authors: Kim Don H. , Ochoa Marcelo
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates spillovers from foreign economies to the U.S. through changes in longterm Treasury yields. We document a decline in the contribution of U.S. domestic news to the variance of long-term Treasury yields and an increased importance of overnight yield changes—a rough proxy for the contribution of foreign shocks to U.S. yields—over the past decades. Using a model that identifies U.S., Euro area, and U.K. shocks that move global yields, we estimate that foreign (non-U.S.) shocks account for at least 20 percent of the daily variation in long-term U.S. yields in recent years. We argue that spillovers occur in large part through bond term premia by showing that a low level of foreign yields relative to U.S. yields predicts a decline in distant forward U.S. yields and higher returns on a strategy that is long on a long-term Treasury security and short on a long-term foreign bond.
Transformation in Tax System of State Peasants After the Reform of P.D. Kiselev
Authors: Lyapanov Artem
Published: January 2021

The article examines the system of taxing peasants of the state village since the introduction of the reform proposed by P.D. Kiselev. The paper intends to define whether the reform has improved the situation or the state peasants remained «serfs of the Russian state»? The analysis showed that the duties imposed on the state peasants were a serious burden for them. The study defined the specificity of numerous state taxes (monetary and taxes in-kind) and feudal quitrents, which badly complicated the peasants economic conditions. Natural duties, distracting peasants from agricultural labor, caused them a significant damage. Peasants sought to get rid of them, for example, as in the case of recruiting duty, when they had to hire «hunters» redeem bonds paying large sums of money or collect money from rural societies to pay out the road duty and the duty on horse-drawn vehicle. The article also presents evidences of some positive trends in the taxation system which were noticeable: streamlining of fees, control over them and reduction of arrears. The study concluded that these facts and many others indicate the improvement of the situation with taxing peasants in Russia in the late 19th century.
Cognitive Ability and Socio-Psychological Adaptation of Teachers
Authors: Serafimovich Irina , Egorova Kristina
Published: January 2021

The research emphasized the necessity to study cognitive abilities of an individual to overcome modern challenges in the educational system. The article examined the data that shows interconnections of cognitive abilities and socio-psychological adaptation of teachers. We examined different criteria of social and psychological adaptation related to efficacy as well as to the self-evaluation of psychosocial health and comprehensive adaptiveness of a personality. The study revealed demonstrated that externality in working relations is positively connected with the comprehensive adaptiveness. We suggest that high cognitivel abilities of teachers support the flexibility and creativity in working with children; they also influence positive evaluation of personality traits as well as self-evaluation of professional attributes. The study of cognitive abilities of a personality allows to extend and enhance the concept of a personality potential both in theoretical and practical aspects.
Problems of Social Entrepreneurship: Motivation and Competitiveness
Authors: Terekhova Tatiana , Trofimova Elena , Malakhaeva Svetlana , Kuzmina Galina
Published: January 2021

The article examined the specifics of economical self-determination of social entrepreneurs. We identified main socio-psychological characteristics of social entrepreneurs based on international and domestic studies of this phenomenon. The sample included 104 small business entrepreneurs in Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region. 52 of them were social entrepreneurs and 52 were commercial. We used different methods including qualitative methods: interviews and an associative experiment. The goal of the study was to identify the key motives of entrepreneurial activity, polymotivation trends, attitudes towards competition, competitiveness, and relationships between them. The study found that social entrepreneurs in their activities are mainly focused on the motives of personal self-realization, the desire to implement their ideas, overcome difficulties and achieve results, they have more pronounced altruistic and social motives. Social entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards competition and, at the same time, seek to cooperate with partners.
The fragmented nature of the titanium metal value chain
Authors: Roux R.N. , Van der Lingen E. , Botha A.P. , Botes A.E.
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS This study investigates the fragmented nature of the global and local titanium metal value chains. South Africa has the fourth most abundant titanium reserves in the world. However, South Africa mainly exports titanium ore and imports value-added titanium products, which impacts the potential to derive more economic benefit from this resource. For South Africa to benefit from its titanium reserves, an understanding of the current fragmented nature of the global titanium value chain would assist in entering the global titanium industry. Information on the global and South African titanium value chains was collected by means of a desktop study. It was found that the leading countries operating within both the upstream and the downstream titanium industry are the USA, China, Japan, Russia, and Kazakhstan. The key drivers that caused fragmentation were identified as technology, markets, production costs, and the availability of titanium mineral reserves. An important outcome of this study is the identification of the local need for a technological foundation in support of downstream titanium processing to market-competitive titanium mill and powder products. Keywords: fragmentation, titanium, titanium value chain.
Natural oxidation of coal tailings from Middelburg area (South Africa), and impact on acid-generation potential
Authors: van Wyk N. , Fosso-Kankeu E. , Moyakhe D. , Waanders F.B. , Le Roux M. , Campbell Q.P.
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS The aim of this study was to determine the acid-generating potential of coal mine tailings located in the Middelburg area, South Africa, using conventional assessment techniques. Four coal-tailing samples were collected from different layers of a coal-tailing pile. The acid-base accounting (ABA), acid-buffering characteristic curve (ABCC), and net acid generation (NAG) methods were used in conjunction with a mineralogical investigation to assess the potential of acid mine drainage (AMD) formation from the tailings. The results showed that the top layer of the pile, which was exposed to the atmosphere, was most likely to form AMD, exhibiting the lowest paste pH (2.5) and ABA of zero kg H2SO4 per ton. The ABA results were compared to ABCC results and mineralogical calculations to confirm the findings. The results from the ABCC test and calculations based on mineralogy indicated that the ABA method overestimates the effective or readily available acid neutralization capacity (ANC) and the true MPA of each sample; only three of the four samples could therefore be classified as acid-forming, but with low acid-generating capacity. Although the findings show that the top layer of the coal tailings in the Middelburg area is most likely to form AMD, it is important for future studies to further investigate the kinetics of acid formation. Keywords: acid mine drainage, acid-base accounting, mineralogy, net acid generation, coal mine tailings.
Análisis de cierre empresarial en el sector manufacturero de Ecuador, periodo 1901 - 2018
Authors: Orellana Osorio Iván , Pinos Luzuriaga Luis , Tonon Ordóñez Luis , Reyes Clavijo Marco , Cevallos Rodríguez Estefanía
Published: January 2021

La dinámica empresarial del sector de manufactura de Ecuador se abordó a través del estudio de la demografía empresarial de 118 años. Para el cálculo de probabilidades de supervivencia se realizó una tabla de mortalidad. El 37,74 % de las empresas se mantienen activas, el 89,07 % de las cerradas son micro y pequeñas empresas. La probabilidad de que una empresa recién creada cierre sus actividades en un periodo menor o igual a tres años es del 4 % y la esperanza de vida de una empresa recién creada es de 14,27 años.
Expression of NEDD9 and connexin-43 in neoplastic and stromal cells of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lerotić Ivan , Vuković Petra , Hrabar Davor , Misir Zvonimir , Kruljac Ivan , Pavić Tajana , Forgač Jelena , Čačić Petra , Ulamec Monika
Published: January 2021

Gastric cancer is related to high mortality rates and advanced disease stage at the time of diagnosis. Its carcinogenesis is extensively studied and is associated with genetic and epigenetic changes, changed the interaction between tumor and adjacent stromal cells, and changes in the microenvironment molecule status. NEDD9 affects different signaling proteins and pathways, apoptosis, adhesion, cell migration, and invasiveness. Connexin-43 also assists in intercellular communications and has several channel-independent functions. Aberrant expression of those two gap junction proteins plays an essential role in metastatic processes. Our scope was to detect the expression of connexin-43 and NEDD9 in epithelial and stromal gastric cancer compartments and its relation to tumor progression and lymph node metastases. Cancer tissue from 53 cases of node-negative and 55 cases of node-positive primary gastric carcinoma patients was analyzed for connexin-43 and NEDD9 expression by immunohistochemical assay, and the results were correlated with the remaining clinical and pathological findings and survival. In our cohort of patients with lymph node metastases, we detected higher expression of epithelial connexin-43 in the primary tumor and stromal connexin-43 expression correlated with both epithelial NEDD9 (rho=0.453) and stromal NEDD9 (rho=0.484). Higher epithelial connexin-43 and NEDD9 expression were associated with higher mortality (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01 -2.37, p=0.048). Epithelial connexin-43 expression, both epithelial and stromal NEDD9 expression, T and N status were all independently associated with shorter survival. In summary, our findings suggest that increased expression of both epithelial and stromal NEDD9 and epithelial connexin-43 could potentially be used as prognostic gastric cancer biomarkers.
A Liberal Order Beyond Earth? Civil Sphere, “The Culture” and the Future of Liberalism
Authors:   Masaryk University, Binder Werner
Published: January 2021

Starting with George Orwell’s liberal problem of meaning, this article investigates liberalism as cultural structure and myth, drawing on the theory of civil sphere by Jeffrey C. Alexander and the science fiction novels of Ian M. Banks. Following Alexander, it is argued that liberal societies are built around a sacred core described by the cultural structures of the civil sphere, which are structures of meaning as well as feeling. Civil discourses and movements in liberal (and not so liberal) societies mobilize powerful sym-bols of the sacred and profane and are thus able to inspire an almost religious devotion. The article then continues to explore the meaning structure, cultural contradictions and possible future of the liberal order discussing Bank’s Culture series. These novels are set in the borderlands of “the Culture”, a galactic civili-zation and liberal utopia. It is precisely this utopian setting, which allows Banks to probe the internal dilemmas of liberalism, for example between pacifism and interventionism, while addressing issues of contemporary relevance, such as the liberal problem of meaning, the allure of authoritarianism or the social status of artificial intelligence. With their literary imagination, science fiction writers construct “a myth of the future” (Banks), which may often reflect the myths of their time, but which can also—as in the case of Banks—reflect on those myths, their implications and contradictions. Finally, the fictional possibilities of social order in science fiction can be a valuable source for our imagination as sociologists contemplat-ing the very possibility of social order.
The Other in Science Fiction as a Problem for Social Theory
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University, Kamnev Vladimir , Bystrov Vladimir
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses science fiction literature in its relation to some aspects of the socio-anthropological problem, such as the representation of the Other. Given the diversity of sci-fi genres, a researcher always deals either with the direct representation of the Other (a creature different from an existing human being), or with its indirect, mediated form when the Other, in the original sense of this term, is revealed to the reader or viewer through the optics of some Other World. The article describes two modes of representing the Other by sci-fi literature, conventionally designated as scientist and anti-anthropic. The scientist rep-resentation constructs exclusively-rational premises for the relationship with the Other. Edmund Hus-serl’s concept of truth, which is the same for humans, non-humans, angels, and gods, can be considered as its historical and philosophical correlate. The anti-anthropic representation, which is more attractive to sci-fi authors, has its origins in the experience of the “disenchantment” of the world characteristic of mod-ern man, especially in the tragic feeling of incommensurability of a finite human existence and the infinity of the cosmic abysses. The historical and philosophical correlate of this anti-anthropic representation can be found in Kant’s teaching of a priori cognition forms, which may be different for other thinking beings. The model of an attitude to the Other therefore cannot be based on rational foundations. As a literary ex-ample where these two ways of representing the Other are found, we propose the analysis of The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury, which, on the one hand, offers the fictional extrapolation of the colonization of North America and the inevitable contacts with its indigenous population. On the other hand, The Martian Chronicles depicts a powerful and technologically advanced Martian civilization, which disap-pears for some unknown reason, or ceases to contact the settlers. The combination of these two ways of representing the Other allows Bradbury to effectively romanticize and mystify the unique historical experience of colonization, thus modifying the Frontier myth.
Isolation of clean single-cell samples for physiological or molecular experiments (Radiolaria, Acantharia) v2
Authors: S Mansour Joost , Not Fabrice
Published: January 2021

Many marine protists are not culturable and therefore challenging to study, nonetheless, they are essential in all marine ecosystems. The development of single-cell techniques is allowing for more marine protists to be studied. Thereby Cultivation-independent studies are essential for the study of organisms sensitive to the sampling procedure, such as Radiolaria. This method describes the means to acquire clean isolated single-cells from plankton nets for physiological and/or transcriptomic analysis. The isolation of cells in this protocol is followed by preparing the cells for RNA extraction (protocol: Single-cell total RNA extraction from marine protists (e.g. Acantharia, Strombidium cf basimorphum, and Prymnesium parvum)).
Multiplexed RT-qPCR to screen for SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.7 variants v1
Authors: Vogels Chantal , Fauver Joseph , Grubaugh Nathan
Published: January 2021

As the B.1.1.7 "UK" variant continues to spread, there is a need for labs to screen COVID-19 samples for these viruses. While sequencing is the gold standard, it cannot always be scaled or implemented in some settings. The Applied Biosystems TaqPath COVID-19 assay (ThermoFisher), a PCR test, was discovered to have a distinct signature (spike gene target failure, [SGTF]) when testing viruses containing the Δ69/70 HV deletion, like the B.1.1.7 variant. Detecting the Δ69/70 HV deletion alone is not definitive for the B.1.1.7 variant, but tracking the frequencies of SGTFs helped the UK track the B.1.1.7 variant. In the US and other countries, screening samples for the SGTF helped to identify potential B.1.1.7 variants for sequencing prioritization. ThermoFisher, however, has not released their spike probe sequence, so the assay needs to be recreated to be used more broadly. Here, we designed a multiplexed PCR assay that recreates the SGTF signature using primer/probe set that targets the Δ69/70 HV deletion, the CDC N1 set as a positive control, and the CDC RNase P set as an extraction/sample control. Samples positive for the CDC N1 set but negative for the Δ69/70 HV deletion set can be tracked and prioritized for sequencing.
Nextera XT at 0.2X On the Mantis v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: January 2021

Protocol to generate Nextera libraries using 0.2x reagents in a 96-well PCR plate using the Formulatrix Mantis instrument. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Key studies that have changed the history and treatment of early HER2+ breast cancer: focus on individual therapy
Authors: Kolyadina I. V. , Poddubnaya I. V.
Published: January 2021

HER2-positive breast cancer is a unique subtype of the disease, not only in terms of aggressive biology, but also in terms of treatment options. Over the past 15 years, the strategy for treating early HER2-positive breast cancer has undergone a real evolution – from the absence of anti-HER2 therapy to the sequential introduction of adjuvant, neoadjuvant and post neoadjuvant approaches. This review describes key studies of systemic therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer stage I–III, which made it possible to establish clear priorities in the sequence of surgical and systemic steps, identify high risk groups which need of escalation of treatment, and determine the optimal anti-HER2 therapy for each steps, as well as de-escalation of stage I treatment without losing its effectiveness. The news from the latest cancer conferences (SABCS, ESMO, ASCO) on the impact of various biological markers on the effectiveness of anti-HER2 agents is presented. A clear concept of modern treatment of early HER2-positive breast cancer has been formed, allowing individualized approaches, and achieving better results of the therapy this aggressive biological subtype.
Antitumor proteinkinase inhibitor imatinib may be regarded as a potential correcting agent for COVID-19 associated pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Mikhaylova I. N. , Treshalina N. M. , Shubina I. Zh. , Manina I. V. , Kiselevsky M. V. , Lukashev A. N.
Published: January 2021

Imatinib mesilate (Glivec) is a well-known antitumor target inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, which is effective in different cancer types expressing Bcr / Abl and, in particular, in hemoblastosis. A higher interest to imatinib during the COVID-19 epidemic is explained by the fact that cancer patients are one of the COVID-19 risk groups. Moreover, imatinib target mechanism of action, which is effective in cancer, can have a high potential against the most severe COVID-19 complication such as the disease associated pulmonary fibrosis. COVID-19 associated interstitial pulmonary fibrosis develops as an autoimmune process caused by systemic inflammation with atypical (idiopathic) pneumonia resulting from acute respiratory distress syndrome with the tyrosine kinase mechanism of signaling pathway activation and cellular response. Experimental and clinical results showing antifibrotic and dose-related antithrombotic imatinib effect demonstrate perspective use of this antitumor agent to correct COVID-19 associated pneumonia causing a high death rate of patients with COVID-19.

The review presents literature data of 2001–2020 discussing pathologic genetic and clinical characteristics of the fibrosis which exacerbates COVID-19 pneumonia in adults. The sequence of the disease processes demonstrates that disease progression with the decreasing oxygen saturation in the peripheral blood intensifies local thrombosis in the lungs. As a result, hypoxia is developing, which is difficult to control and can cause lethal outcome in severe cases. Yet, the conventional antifibrotic and thrombolytic agents can only partially control the process of pneumofibrosis including that of cancer patients. The approximate antifibrotic dose of imatinib 400 mg / day is therapeutic for oncopathology. The antitumor drug registered in many countries and well described side effects and contraindications needs no long-term registration studies for a new indication, therefore, it may be easily prepared for clinical testing.
Study of cytostatic and cytotoxic characteristics of modified peptide CDK4/6 inhibitors – functional analogs of p16INK4a (90-97)
Authors: Bozhenko V. K. , Kulinich T. M. , Kudinova E. A. , Ivanov A. V. , Shishkin A. M. , Solodkiy V. A.
Published: January 2021

Background. Application of mathematical modeling for search for biologically active molecules is currently a promising scientific approach. Application of numerical algorithms for optimization of peptide sequences and molecular dynamics allowed to obtain modified peptide sequences that are functional analogs of the sequence of natural inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 p16INK4a.

The study objective is to establish biological characteristics of peptide sequences of CDK 4/6 inhibitors obtained using mathematical modeling.

Materials and methods. The studies were performed in vitro using tumor cell lines (MCF-7, А549, SKOV-3, НСТ116). Apoptosis level, cell distribution per cell cycle stages, changes in Bcl-2 expression, changes in the level of phosphorylated pRb under the effect of the studied molecules were investigated using flow cytometry. Proliferation dynamics of cell populations were studied using RTCA iCELLIgence biosensor technology.

Results. Peptide sequences obtained using mathematical modeling decrease the level of phosphorylated pRb, Bcl-2 expression when applied to actively proliferating cells. These proteins serve as molecular targets for the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6–cyclin D complex, and changes in pRb and Bcl-2 levels might indicate inhibition of complex formation. Consequently, decreased proliferative activity and increased apoptosis were observed. Effectiveness of the peptide sequences depended on their molecular structure and type of the used cell line. Two (2) of the studied modified peptide sequences have higher antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on tumor cells than native p16INK4a (90-97) sequence.

Conclusion. Application of mathematical modeling for search and development of functionally active molecules allowed to create peptide sequences with stronger cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor effect than p16INK4a, the native inhibitor CDK4/6.
The Concept of ‘Truth’ in Historiographical Discourse from the Standpoint of the Socio-Communicative Approach: Categorial Meaning, Functions and Correlation with the Concept of ‘Verity’
Authors: Petrenko Svitlana
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the research is caused by the growing trends of post-truth and post-journalism in the global communication context and the need to investigate the problem of truth as a social communication category of journalism. The study considers the concept of ‘truth’ and its correlation with the concept of ‘verity’, which is necessary for the relevant categorization of truth in social communication contexts (SCC). The object of the research is truth as a category, the subject is the semantic and functional field of the concept ‘truth’ which forms the category
of truth and its social communication functions. The objective of the study is to identify the essential characteristics and functional properties of truth for its categorization and determination of the place and role in SCC and journalism. The source base consists of lexicographic sources and scientific researches. Methodologically, the research relies on the sociocommunicative approach, in the framework of which the method of historiographical analysis (with elements of semantic, conceptual and comparative analysis) was applied to explore the concepts of ‘truth’ and ‘verity’ in Ukrainian and Russian lexicographic sources and to compare them with relevant interpretations in English. Additionally, the method of synthesis was applied to identify the categorial characteristics and communicative functions of truth. The paper concludes that the concept of ‘truth’ primarily reveals natural ontological, axiological, and communicative characteristics that correlate with its metaphysical nature and has a broader variety of semantic and functional characteristics than the concept of ‘verity’. The evolutional transformation of the concepts ‘truth’ and ‘verity’ has been traced within ideological, historical, and social paradigms applaying the synchronic and diachronic analysis. The study emphasizes on the necessity to distinguish between Truth and different kinds of truths in social communication and journalism. It reveals that due to the loss of primary meanings and the priori functions, Truth has ceased to be an effective moral and value criterion as well as a choice criterion in social communication. The paper notes, however, that Truth continues maintaining its priori categorial meaning, which establishes its fundamental value as a basic category of social communication and a metacategory of journalism. Several hypothetical statements have also been made that require additional scientific researches; among them there is the assumption about the crucial role of spiritual communication in the self-discovery of Truth and its place in social communication.
Psychiatry statistics
Authors: Maleev V. P.
Published: January 2021

At present, the method of statistics is generally accepted in psychiatry; Now almost no essay claiming to be scientific can do without statistical figures. Therefore, fully timely note the significance of the statistical method and pay attention to how it is applied in psychiatry; to see what kind of improvements are desirable and what kind of results the wrong use can lead to. During the time since the beginning of the 19th century, when statistics was apparently first introduced into the psychiatry of Pinel and especially Eskirol, she gave so much of our sciences that it fully deserves great attention and more conscious attitude towards her, which sometimes turns out to be a problem. I think to take a feasible experience in this direction. I think, however, it is not superfluous to give a preliminary historical sketch of the development of statistics, at least in brief and fragmentary data, and recall some of its main requirements.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrov at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the appointment of October 29
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: January 2021

It was chaired by prof. N.M. Popov, under the secretary of V.V. Nikolaev. Present: years. honorary members of the Islands K. A. Arnstein and I. M. Dogel and Mr. acting members: V. S. Boldyrev, B. I. Vorotynskiy, V. I. Levchatkin, M. M. Maevskiy, V. P. Mal'ev, N. A. Mislavskiy, I. A. Praksin, L. A. Serguev , A.E. Yanishevskiy, guests: Dr. Vinokurov, Grahe, Luria, Mrs. Nadel, Samuelson and a man about 50 people.
Sağlık İletişimi Perspektifinden Instagramda COVID-19 Paylaşımlarının Analizi: #COVID-19
Authors: KUMBASAR Banu
Published: January 2021

Sosyal medya, COVID-19 gibi salgınlar hakkındaki bilgilerin değerlendirilmesi için önemli bir dijital alanı temsil etmektedir. Ayrıca gerekli sosyal yardım ve müdahalelerin planlanmasında önemli bir araç olarak hizmet edebilmektedir. Pandemi süreçlerinde acil kriz yönetiminde, Twitter, İnstagram, Facebook üzerinden yapılan sosyal medya analizleri durumsal farkındalığı desteklemek için kullanılmaktadır ve bulaşıcı hastalıkların izlenmesinden bölgesel planlama ve çok amaçlı kampanyalara kadar birçok farklı durum için gerekli görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemisinde İnstagram’ın nasıl kullanıldığını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. İnstagram’da “coronavirus” ve “COVID-19” anahtar kelimesi kullanılarak döküman analizi ile 10 Ocak – 20 Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında görsel taraması yapılmıştır. Nitel türdeki bu araştırmada verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. 334 görselin çoğunda (%35.0) İngilizce altyazı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Görsellerde kullanılan mesaj yaklaşımının çoğunlukla korkutma (%38.9) olduğu saptanmıştır. Görsellerin çoğunluğunun (%71.0) fotoğraf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fotoğrafları sırasıyla infografik (%17.7) ve karikatür (%11.4) izlemektedir. Paylaşılan görsellerin bilgi vermeye odaklı olduğu görülmüştür. Organizasyonlara ait resmi İnstagram hesapları tarafından paylaşılan kamu yararı taşıyan görsellerin çoğunluğunun (%53.1) haber niteliğinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Haberleri sağlık politikaları (%24.7) ve sosyal pazarlama (%22.2) içerikli görsellerin takip ettiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, pandemi sürecinde İnstagram’ın, gözetim, bilgilendirme ve müdahaleye yardımcı olabilecek, kamuoyunu değerlendirmede katkı sunabilecek bir sosyal medya aracı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Tık Odaklı Habercilik: Türk İnternet Haber Medyası Üzerine Bir İçerik Analizi
Authors: ÇAVUŞ Selahattin , EDE Nurcan
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital haberciliğin etik sorun alanlarından biri haline dönüşen tık odaklı haberciliği, Türk haber medyası örneğinde inceleyerek, tık odaklı haberciliğin kullanım biçim ve yoğunluklarını belirlemeye yöneliktir. Araştırmada, Türkiye’de en fazla ziyaret edilen 5 haber sitesinin resmî Twitter hesapları incelenmiştir. Veriler, NodeXL programı vasıtasıyla ilgili haber sitelerinin Twitter sayfalarından elde edilmiştir. 1-10 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında toplam 9.525 tweet, tık odaklı olup olmadıklarına göre sınıflandırılmış ve tık odaklı olduğu belirlenen toplam 3.386 haber, içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Verileri sınıflandırmak amacıyla Biyani ve arkadaşları tarafından 8 başlıkta ele alınan tık odaklı haber kategorileri kullanılmıştır. Buna göre yayınlanan her 3 haberden biri tık odaklı olacak şekilde üretilmiştir. Haber siteleri daha fazla tık alabilmek adına kasıtlı biçimde üretilen aldatıcı ve düşük kalitedeki içeriklere yer vermekten çekinmemektedir.
Safely opening schools: artificial intelligence techniques to control transmission of COVID-19
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Zouina , III Donald Hathaway , Makkar Sarabjot Singh , Paul Trissa , Barrios Alanna , Sarfraz Muzna , Patel Gaurav , Hanif Nazma , Hussain Hafiza , Nadeem Zainab , Talalaev Michael , Sanchez-Gonzalez Marcos A.
Published: January 2021

Artificial intelligence techniques and similar digital technologies are promising applications for surveillance systems, contact tracing, and pandemic planning amid the COVID-19 pandemic. With no long-term effective treatment or vaccinations available, it is highly important to scale intelligence solutions to promote detection, school-level screening, monitoring, reducing burden of staff, and prediction potential COVID-19 outbreaks at schools. The objectives of this paper were to present the artificial intelligence for safely opening schools model, and build a solidifying analysis of current literature for applications of the system. The applications are imminent to promoting school health by maximizing the potential of AI technologies. While the AISOS model is not a silver bullet, the improvement in school transmission will be particularly useful as an emergent temporary, potentially permanent, measure of transmission control and monitoring.
Urethroplasty in the management of urethral strictures: a literature review
Authors: Basaif Wedyan Salem , Madkhali Ali Ahmed , Almania Ahmed Ibrahim , Mohammed Raed Abdullah , Alshahrani Manar Mohammed , Al Jabir Abdullah Mohammed , Almohammadi Abdullah Mohammed , Alkazman Hatem Ali , Alsayed Raghad Abdulelah , Azhar Ahad Yaseen , Alshahrani Omar Safar , Alkhathami Faisal Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Urethral stricture is defined as pathological urethral narrowing caused by corpus spongiosum fibrosis. The etiology of this condition is mostly idiopathic, which can also result from iatrogenic (like previous urethral surgeries, catheterization, or resection), inflammatory and traumatic causes. The evidence discussing the management of urethral strictures is scarce. The management starts with an appropriate evaluation of the condition through a comprehensive history taking (obstructive symptoms) and physical examination. Diagnostic investigations include cystoscopy (the most specific), urethrography, patient reported scales, like American urological association symptom index, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrography. Previous literature shows urethroplasty is cost effective, whether when it is used as the primary treatment or following a non-successful dilation and direct visualization internal urethrotomy. Moreover, open urethroplasty and endoscopic urethrotomy were comparable among both procedures in terms of voiding improvement; however, urethroplasty benefit was more durable. Akin to that, urethroplasty was found to be a successful procedure in up to 95% of the cases with the appropriate experience level. Although excision and primary anastomosis and augmentation/substitution urethroplasties have considerable long-term success rates, the EPA procedures have a controversial influence on sexual function, which may be unacceptable to some reconstructive urologists. In general, there are a few large scales, multi center studies that can produce high-quality evidence. There is an urge to develop more high-grade research in terms of ideal management of urethral strictures.
An Investigation of the Character Strengths and Resilience of Future Military Leaders
Authors:   Royal Military College of Canada, Cherif Lobna
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The importance of both character and resilience for critical occupations (military, emergency medicine, first responders, and correctional officers) has been emphasized at the highest levels of military leadership. No studies to date have examined the relationship between character strengths and resilience within military populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived importance of character strengths for Canadian military cadet success, the top strengths endorsed by cadets, and, in a subset of cadets, the relationships among core strengths and resilience. In line with previous research on character strengths in military populations, we predicted that bravery, honesty, perseverance, and teamwork might be included in the five most frequent signature strengths. Methods: A total of 360 Naval/Officer Cadets from a Canadian Military College were invited to participate in a study during two training sessions. Participants (n = 153) first completed a survey comprised of a resilience measure and demographic items. Then, one month later, students (n=134) were asked to complete a Values in Action (VIA) character strengths profile, and a survey with questions related to character strengths (their personal top-five character strengths, and strengths they believed were important for military-related stressors and leadership, academic success, resilience, and completion of military challenge). We were only able to match responses for a subset of participants, allowing a final sample of 94 participants. Results: Findings indicated that military cadets consider perseverance, judgment, teamwork, perspective, and self-regulation to be most critical for bouncing back from stressors. However, in line with our predictions, the most frequently endorsed strengths that characterized cadets were bravery, honesty, and perseverance. Finally, perseverance (p = .029), bravery (p = .01), and humor = .01) were positively correlated with cadet resilience, while endorsement of love was negatively correlated with resilience (p = .002). Conclusion: Focus on character strengths in military cadets can enhance academic and physical performance. Resilience assessment could be important for the purposes of military selection, performance, and well-being. Our findings indicate perseverance, bravery, and humor in particular might be relevant indicators of cadet resilience.
ДАННЫЕ В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ
Authors:   Чеченский государственный университет, Акаев С. Д. , Ахмадов А.У.
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются медицинские данные пациентов, и работа, производимая сними, а также способы обеспечения защиты. Целью обработки, хранения и редактирования данных в цифровом виде является удобство. Рассматривается федеральный закон о персональных данных.
WHO Surgical Complication Prevention Checklist: a Comparative Analysis
of Two Clinics
Authors: Timerbulatov Machmud Vilevich , Timerbulatov Shamil Vilevich , Nizamutdinov Timur Rustemovich , Timerbulatov Vil Mamilovich , Grushevskaya Ekaterina Alexandrovna
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the adherence to the WHO surgical safety checklist.Material and methods. A comparative analysis of the performance of the surgical departments in two clinics was carried out: in the first clinic the WHO checklist was applied to control the performance of the surgical department; in the second clinic these recommendations were not used. The results of 3012 (first clinic) and 3527 surgical interventions (second clinic) were analyzed. The authors studied the frequency of postoperative complications, the effectiveness when using all the points of the recommendations.Results. The frequency of antibiotic prophylaxis during general surgical operations in clinic I was 89.3%, in clinic II - 63.7%, the frequency of infection in the area of ​​surgical intervention was by 13.2% and up to two times higher in clinic II, mortality rates after surgery were also significantly higher in clinic II; consequently, the duration of inpatient treatment was 8.7 in clinic I versus 16.4 days in clinic II.Conclusion. The adherence to the surgical safety checklist can effectively reduce the number of postoperative complications, mortality, and reduce the time of inpatient treatment.