bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Global Catalog of Rockfall Locations on Mars
Authors: Bickel V. T. , Daubar I. J. , Sokolowska A. J. , Bonab A. , Haut I. , Conway S. J.
Published: December 2024

Rockfalls are ubiquitous expressions of present‐day landscape evolution across the solar system. On Mars, their distribution has been proposed to indicate endo‐ and exogenic drivers, such as tectonic activity and solar‐driven thermal fatigue. Here, we present the first global catalog of 1,383 rockfall‐bearing locations on Mars, derived using MRO HiRISE images and a machine learning‐driven and human‐reviewed mapping approach. Rockfalls are documented between 82°N and 53°S, are heterogeneously distributed, and predominantly occur on the steep walls of craters and fossae. Globally, we do not observe a significant relation between rockfall abundance and terrain age, insolation, volatile abundance, wind speed, and impact or tectonic events, implying that rockfall drivers might act on varying spatiotemporal scales and differ across the planet—dissimilar to rockfalls on other bodies, like the Moon. Our results help characterize the current geologic processes that are shaping the surfaces of Mars and other solar system bodies today.
The Water Vapor Origin of a Rainstorm Event in the Taklamakan Desert
Authors: Gong Yongqi , Yu Haipeng , Hu Huancui , Huang Jianping , Ren Yu , Zhou Jie , Peng Ming , Chen Siyu , Alam Khan , Zhao Wen , Cheng Shanling , Zhu Yunsai
Published: December 2024

In July 2021, the Taklamakan Desert (TD) experienced an unprecedented rainstorm with daily precipitation exceeding 61.1 mm, triggering mudslides and landslides, highlighting the increasing frequency of extreme precipitation events even in arid regions under global warming. The water vapor sources and transport paths of this rainstorm are still puzzling due to the insufficient representation of physical processes in previous analytical models, leading to possible deviations from reality. Here, using the online Eulerian Weather Research and Forecasting model with water vapor tracer (WRF‐WVT), we aim for an improved understanding of water vapor sources of the rainfall event. Results demonstrate that the most important water source for this event is water vapor from local evapotranspiration, contributing to 32.77% of the rainstorm moisture. Water vapor from Upstream Westerlies (28.95%) and East Asian Drylands (28.54%) are transported over the precipitation area by the westerlies owing to the strong lower‐level low‐pressure system, being the second‐most important precipitation source. These sources contribute significantly more than other regions, including the Arabian Sea (5.56%), the Tibetan Plateau (2.16%), and the South Asian Monsoon (0.77%). External moisture sources collectively provide over 65.98% of the precipitation, underscoring their important role. Notably, local evapotranspiration significantly influences precipitation, exceeding the contributions from other individual sources. By comparing with the 2016 precipitation event, it is found that a low‐pressure trough extending southward to the west of the TD plays a significant role in the 2021 rainstorm event. The presence of the trough significantly enhances the moisture transport of the westerlies and the upward motion, contributing to the occurrence of extreme precipitation events.
Controls on Lake Pelagic Primary Productivity: Formalizing the Nutrient‐Color Paradigm
Authors: Oleksy Isabella A. , Solomon Christopher T. , Jones Stuart E. , Olson Carly , Bertolet Brittni L. , Adrian Rita , Bansal Sheel , Baron Jill S. , Brothers Soren , Chandra Sudeep , Chou Hsiu‐Mei , Colom‐Montero William , Culpepper Joshua , de Eyto Elvira , Farragher Matthew J. , Hilt Sabine , Holeck Kristen T. , Kazanjian Garabet , Klaus Marcus , Klug Jennifer , Köhler Jan , Laas Alo , Lundin Erik , Parkes Alice H. , Rose Kevin C. , Rustam Lars G. , Rusak James , Scordo Facundo , Vanni Michael J. , Verburg Piet , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A.
Published: December 2024

Understanding controls on primary productivity is essential for describing ecosystems and their responses to environmental change. In lakes, pelagic gross primary productivity (GPP) is strongly controlled by inputs of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. Although past studies have developed process models of this nutrient‐color paradigm (NCP), broad empirical tests of these models are scarce. We used data from 58 globally distributed, mostly temperate lakes to test such a model and improve understanding and prediction of the controls on lake primary production. The model includes three state variables–dissolved phosphorus, terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and phytoplankton biomass–and generates realistic predictions for equilibrium rates of pelagic GPP. We calibrated our model using a Bayesian data assimilation technique on a subset of lakes where DOC and total phosphorus (TP) loads were known. We then asked how well the calibrated model performed with a larger set of lakes. Revised parameter estimates from the updated model aligned well with existing literature values. Observed GPP varied nonlinearly with both inflow DOC and TP concentrations in a manner consistent with increasing light limitation as DOC inputs increased and decreasing nutrient limitation as TP inputs increased. Furthermore, across these diverse lake ecosystems, model predictions of GPP were highly correlated with observed values derived from high‐frequency sensor data. The GPP predictions using the updated parameters improved upon previous estimates, expanding the utility of a process model with simplified assumptions for water column mixing. Our analysis provides a model structure that may be broadly useful for understanding current and future patterns in lake primary production.
Chronic wound management: a liquid diode-based smart bandage with ultrasensitive pH sensing ability
Authors: Wang Xueqi , Cheng Jing , Wang Han
Published: December 2024

Chronic wounds, which require prolonged healing periods, pose significant impacts on individuals with diabetes, vascular diseases, and high blood pressure. Simultaneous drainage and monitoring of wound exudate are vital for advanced wound management. However, recently reported smart dressings either lack integration of wound cleaning and monitoring functions or fail to achieve dynamic in situ monitoring of wound status, which hinders their ability to meet the demands of wound care. In this study, a smart bandage is introduced, which integrates a biocompatible liquid diode membrane with an ultrasensitive 3D polyaniline mesh (M-PANI)-based pH biosensor. The smart bandage allows for unidirectional drainage of wound exudate while dynamically sensing the wound pH environment. Specifically, the proposed smart bandage effectively cleans excessive wound exudate while providing real-time information on the wound status during the drainage process. The M-PANI-based pH biosensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 61.5 mV/pH and a wide pH detection range from 4.0 to 10.0, encompassing the pH range of normal and infected wounds. Moreover, the sensing module exhibits excellent stability after 48 hours of dynamic testing and 28 days of storage, with only a 4.8% decline in the detected signal, and high repeatability with a device-to-device relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.1%. To evaluate the practicality of this smart bandage, simulated skin and rats have been employed, and the results indicate the immense potential of this smart bandage for clinical applications. In conclusion, the present smart bandage demonstrates considerable promise for wound exudate cleaning and monitoring in advanced wound care and offers a promising method for home-based wound management.
Elevated mutation rates in multi-azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus drive rapid evolution of antifungal resistance
Authors: Bottery Michael J. , van Rhijn Norman , Chown Harry , Rhodes Johanna L. , Celia-Sanchez Brandi N. , Brewer Marin T. , Momany Michelle , Fisher Matthew C. , Knight Christopher G. , Bromley Michael J.
Published: December 2024

The environmental use of azole fungicides has led to selective sweeps across multiple loci in the Aspergillus fumigatus genome causing the rapid global expansion of a genetically distinct cluster of resistant genotypes. Isolates within this cluster are also more likely to be resistant to agricultural antifungals with unrelated modes of action. Here we show that this cluster is not only multi-azole resistant but has increased propensity to develop resistance to next generation antifungals because of variants in the DNA mismatch repair system. A variant in msh6-G233A is found almost exclusively within azole resistant isolates harbouring the canonical cyp51A azole resistance allelic variant TR34/L98H. Naturally occurring isolates with this msh6 variant display up to 5-times higher rate of mutation, leading to an increased likelihood of evolving resistance to other antifungals. Furthermore, unlike hypermutator strains, the G233A variant conveys no measurable fitness cost and has become globally distributed. Our findings further suggest that resistance to next-generation antifungals is more likely to emerge within organisms that are already multi-azole resistant due to close linkage between TR34/L98H and msh6-G233A, posing a major problem due to the prospect of dual use of novel antifungals in clinical and agricultural settings.
Pathobiont-induced suppressive immune imprints thwart T cell vaccine responses
Authors: Hajam Irshad Ahmed , Tsai Chih-Ming , Gonzalez Cesia , Caldera Juan Raphael , Lázaro Díez María , Du Xin , Aralar April , Lin Brian , Duong William , Liu George Y.
Published: December 2024

Pathobionts have evolved many strategies to coexist with the host, but how immune evasion mechanisms contribute to the difficulty of developing vaccines against pathobionts is unclear. Meanwhile, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has resisted human vaccine development to date. Here we show that prior SA exposure induces non-protective CD4+ T cell imprints, leading to the blunting of protective IsdB vaccine responses. Mechanistically, these SA-experienced CD4+ T cells express IL-10, which is further amplified by vaccination and impedes vaccine protection by binding with IL-10Rα on CD4+ T cell and inhibit IL-17A production. IL-10 also mediates cross-suppression of IsdB and sdrE multi-antigen vaccine. By contrast, the inefficiency of SA IsdB, IsdA and MntC vaccines can be overcome by co-treatment with adjuvants that promote IL-17A and IFN-γ responses. We thus propose that IL-10 secreting, SA-experienced CD4+ T cell imprints represent a staphylococcal immune escaping mechanism that needs to be taken into consideration for future vaccine development.
CEP signaling coordinates plant immunity with nitrogen status
Authors: Rzemieniewski Jakub , Leicher Henriette , Lee Hyun Kyung , Broyart Caroline , Nayem Shahran , Wiese Christian , Maroschek Julian , Camgöz Zeynep , Olsson Lalun Vilde , Djordjevic Michael Anthony , Vlot A. Corina , Hückelhoven Ralph , Santiago Julia , Stegmann Martin
Published: December 2024

Plant endogenous signaling peptides shape growth, development and adaptations to biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we identify C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs (CEPs) as immune-modulatory phytocytokines in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data reveals that CEPs induce immune outputs and are required to mount resistance against the leaf-infecting bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. We show that effective immunity requires CEP perception by tissue-specific CEP RECEPTOR 1 (CEPR1) and CEPR2. Moreover, we identify the related RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 7 (RLK7) as a CEP4-specific CEP receptor contributing to CEP-mediated immunity, suggesting a complex interplay of multiple CEP ligands and receptors in different tissues during biotic stress. CEPs have a known role in the regulation of root growth and systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling. We provide evidence that CEPs and their receptors promote immunity in an N status-dependent manner, suggesting a previously unknown molecular crosstalk between plant nutrition and cell surface immunity. We propose that CEPs and their receptors are central regulators for the adaptation of biotic stress responses to plant-available resources.
Sulfur species and gold transport in arc magmatic fluids
Authors: Farsang Stefan , Zajacz Zoltán
Published: December 2024

The sulfur species present in magmatic fluids affect the global redox cycle, the Earth’s climate and the formation of some of the largest and most economic ore deposits of critical metals. However, the speciation of sulfur under conditions that are relevant for upper crustal magma reservoirs is unclear. Here we combine a prototype pressure vessel apparatus and Raman spectroscopy to determine sulfur speciation in arc magmatic fluid analogues in situ over a range of geologically relevant pressure–temperature–redox conditions. We find that HS−, H2S and SO2 are the main sulfur species in the experimental fluids, while the concentrations of S6+ species and S2
− and S3
− sulfur radical ions are negligible, in contrast to previous experimental work. The measured gold solubilities in the experimental fluids are highest when sulfur is dominantly present as HS− and H2S species and greatly exceed thermodynamic predictions. Our results imply that HS−, rather than sulfur radicals, accounts for the high solubilities of gold in magmatic–hydrothermal fluids. We also find that magmatic sulfur degassing is a redox process under oxidizing conditions and may lead to additional magma oxidation beyond that imparted by slab-derived fluxes and crystallization.
Late Holocene cooling drove drastic decreases in cladoceran diversity in a subarctic lake
Authors: González Sagrario María de los Ángeles , Vrede Tobias , Belle Simon
Published: December 2024

Subarctic lakes are sentinels of climate change, showing responses in their physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, climate-induced changes in invertebrate diversity and their underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We explored the relationship between past climate change and taxonomic composition of subfossil cladocerans in a subarctic lake during the last ca. 5700 years. The Cladocera community shifted from specialist to generalist species at ca. 3500 cal years BP, corresponding to the long-term cooling period between the Holocene Thermal Maximum and the Late Holocene. Taxonomic diversity declined driven by the collapse of the keystone herbivorous Daphnia longispina group, pelagic and littoral predators, and phytophilous benthic species, therefore resulting in a simplification of the food web and a reduction of trophic levels. Furthermore, the shift in cladoceran composition was associated with the decline of aquatic primary producers and the development of birch forest, suggesting a potential causal link between dissolved organic carbon dynamics and cladoceran community composition. This study provides empirical evidence of the response of cladocerans to climatic fluctuations and their underlying mechanisms through catchment-mediated processes and direct temperature-induced changes.
The Aachen ACLF ICU score predicts ICU mortality in critically ill patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Pollmanns Maike R. , Kister Bastian , Abu Jhaisha Samira , Adams Jule K. , Kabak Elena , Brozat Jonathan F. , Schneider Carolin V. , Hohlstein Philipp , Bruns Tony , Küpfer Lars , Trautwein Christian , Koch Alexander , Wirtz Theresa H.
Published: December 2024

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) defines a heterogeneous syndrome involving acute decompensation in patients with pre-existing liver disease accompanied by (multi-)organ failure. This study aimed to develop a simple, reliable machine learning (ML) model to predict mortality in ACLF patients receiving intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Data from 206 patients admitted to the ICU at RWTH Aachen University Hospital between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed with ICU mortality as the primary outcome. An ICU mortality prediction model was developed by logistic regression and validated by 5-fold cross validation. Performance metrics were assessed to evaluate the model’s accuracy and compare to existing mortality scores. ICU mortality was 60%. The chronic-liver-failure-consortium ACLF score (CLIF-C ACLFs) was the best predictor of ICU mortality. ML generated seven models using five to thirteen features. The best-performing model included CLIF-C ACLFs, number of organ failures, Horovitz quotient (FiO2/PaO2), FiO2 and lactate. The newly developed Aachen ACLF ICU (ACICU) score demonstrated exceptional predictive accuracy for ICU mortality (AUROC 0.96), underscoring its potential for mortality and futility assessment in critically ill ACLF patients complementing existing prognostic tools. The ACICU score www.acicu-score.com is an easy-to-use tool for predicting ICU mortality in patients with ACLF offering high predictive performance.
Toxoplasma gondii infection induces early host cell cycle arrest and DNA damage in primary human host cells by a MYR1-dependent mechanism
Authors: Velásquez Zahady D. , Rojas-Baron Lisbeth , Conejeros Iván , Hermosilla Carlos , Taubert Anja
Published: December 2024

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, control its host cell cycle through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Key effector molecules, including MYR1 and HCE1, play roles in translocating parasite proteins and inducing host cellular cyclin E1 overexpression, respectively. We investigated the early role of MYR1- and HCE1-driven host cell cycle arrest and DNA damage (up to 3 h p.i.). Our findings showed that T. gondii-infected cells experienced S-phase arrest and displayed double-strand DNA breaks as soon as 15 min p.i. This condition persisted until 3 h p.i., at which point we also observed increased host cell binucleation and micronuclei formation, both hallmarks of genomic instability. Furthermore, host cells responded to DNA damage by activating the ATM branch of the homologous recombination repair pathway. MYR1 was shown to be crucial, as TgΔmyr1 tachyzoites failed to induce S-phase arrest and DNA damage foci. In contrast, the absence of HCE1 did not produce these effects, suggesting that cyclin E1 expression was not involved. Also, DNA damage was demonstrated to be ROS-independent, suggesting that ROS did not trigger DNA damage. Our results suggest that T. gondii compromises host cellular DNA integrity depending on MYR1 shortly after infection, maintaining it over time.
Interpretable multimodal machine learning (IMML) framework reveals pathological signatures of distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
Authors: Nguyen Phong B. H. , Garger Daniel , Lu Diyuan , Maalmi Haifa , Prokisch Holger , Thorand Barbara , Adamski Jerzy , Kastenmüller Gabi , Waldenberger Melanie , Gieger Christian , Peters Annette , Suhre Karsten , Bönhof Gidon J. , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Grallert Harald , Ziegler Dan , Herder Christian , Menden Michael P.
Published: December 2024

Background

Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a common neurological disorder in elderly adults and people with obesity, prediabetes and diabetes and is associated with high morbidity and premature mortality. DSPN is a multifactorial disease and not fully understood yet.

Methods

Here, we developed the Interpretable Multimodal Machine Learning (IMML) framework for predicting DSPN prevalence and incidence based on sparse multimodal data. Exploiting IMMLs interpretability further empowered biomarker identification. We leveraged the population-based KORA F4/FF4 cohort including 1091 participants and their deep multimodal characterisation, i.e. clinical data, genomics, methylomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, inflammatory proteins and metabolomics.

Results

Clinical data alone is sufficient to stratify individuals with and without DSPN (AUROC = 0.752), whilst predicting DSPN incidence 6.5 ± 0.2 years later strongly benefits from clinical data complemented with two or more molecular modalities (improved ΔAUROC > 0.1, achieved AUROC of 0.714). Important and interpretable features of incident DSPN prediction include up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulation of SUMOylation pathway and essential fatty acids, thus yielding novel insights in the disease pathophysiology.

Conclusions

These may become biomarkers for incident DSPN, guide prevention strategies and serve as proof of concept for the utility of IMML in studying complex diseases.
Sensitive detection of nonfluorescent solutes in small amounts of dilute aqueous solutions through photothermally induced reflectivity modulation at glass/aqueous solution interfaces
Authors: Urashima Shu-hei , Kusaka Ryoji
Published: December 2024

Photothermal reflectance (PTR) spectroscopy was proposed for detecting weak absorption of light. A limit of detection of 75 nM in a probe volume of 1.7 fL was achieved for an aqueous solution of a dye with a simple optical setup.
Simultaneous analysis of residual prohibited doping substances in foods using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Yejin , Cho Yoeseph , Jeon Seongeun , Xu Yinglan , Lee Kang Mi , Kim Ho Jun , Lee Dong-Woo , Son Junghyun
Published: December 2024

The continuous consumption of various foods increases the risk of unintentional exposure to residual contaminants.
An amide-based gel polymer electrolyte for Li–O2 batteries: advancing towards practical Li–air batteries
Authors: Zhang Qinming , Hu Xu , Xie Zhaojun , Zhou Zhen
Published: December 2024

We introduced an amide-based gel polymer electrolyte for Li–O2 batteries, overcoming low cycling stability and enabling operation under atmospheric conditions. This advancement holds significant potential for next-generation energy storage systems.
Hydrogen bonded organic framework pores differentially loading triazole for photocatalytic uranium reduction
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Ying-Ao , Wang Xun , Jiang Qiao-Qiao , Li Ya-Jie , Liang Ru-Ping , Qiu Jian-Ding
Published: December 2024

Two hydrogen bond organic frameworks with different pore sizes were synthesized from the same ligands using temperature modulation. The pore size difference enabled selective insertion of TRZ into HOF-C, enhancing photocatalytic uranium reduction.
Combining X-ray and NMR crystallography to explore the structural disorder in racemic propranolol hydrochloride
Authors: Szeleszczuk Łukasz , Bethanis Kostas , Christoforides Elias , Pisklak Dariusz Maciej
Published: December 2024

The nature of the disorder in its crystal structure has been explored by the application of SCXRD, 13C CP MAS NMR and GIPAW NMR DFT calculations.
Assembly of graphene oxide vs. reduced graphene oxide in a phospholipid monolayer at air–water interfaces
Authors: Seth Ajit , Mandal Priya , Hitaishi Prashant , Giri Rajendra P. , Murphy Bridget M. , Ghosh Sajal K.
Published: December 2024

Graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have propelled advancements in biosensor research owing to their unique physicochemical and electronic characteristics.
Revisiting the oxygen reduction reaction activity of two-dimensional TM-C2N electrocatalysts via constant-potential density functional theory: crucial impact of the spin state and coordination
Authors: Chen Yashi , Yu Mingyuan , Kan Erjun , Lan Si , Zhan Cheng
Published: December 2024

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have shown great potential in catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell batteries.
Acquisition of absorption and fluorescence spectral data using chatbots
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiko , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: December 2024

Spectra – the lifeblood of photochemistry – have been very difficult to find in the literature. Chatbots, remarkably, may enable their more efficient acquisition and prove to be generally powerful tools for searching the scientific literature.
Bifidobacterium bifidum CCFM1359 alleviates intestinal motility disorders through the BDNF-TrkB pathway
Authors: Wang Linlin , Cao Liping , Yu Qiangqing , Liang Mengxia , Yang Zhichao , Wang Gang , Zhao Jianxin , Chen Wei
Published: December 2024

Bifidobacterium bifidum CCFM1359 remodels intestinal nerves, dreduces intestinal inflammation through BDNF-TrkB pathway, and improves intestinal microecology to alleviate intestinal motility disorders (created with BioGDP.com).
Solanum lycopersicum derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate restenosis after vascular injury through the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Shen Hechen , Zhang Meng , Liu Dachang , Liang Xiaoyu , Chang Yun , Hu Xiaomin , Gao Wenqing
Published: December 2024

Exosome-like nanovesicles derived from Solanum lycopersicum show potential to inhibit vascular restenosis. The underlying mechanism involves activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway by miRNA164a/b-5p.
Heavy-atom-free BODIPY-based photodynamic therapy agents activated at long wavelengths
Authors: Soler-Beatty Jennifer , Avellanal-Zaballa Edurne , Durán-Sampedro Gonzalo , García-Fernández Alba , Agarrabeitia Antonia R. , Bañuelos Jorge , Mañez Ramón Martínez , Ortiz María J.
Published: December 2024

Covalently linked BODIPY-based dimers through key 3 position are heavy-atom-free fluorescent sensitizers for photodynamic therapy enabling simultaneous cell killing and fluorescent staining upon illumination with red light.
Investigation of enzyme inhibition, serum protein protective effects, and molecular docking studies of mixed-ligand ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes
Authors: Khatkar Sunita , Dubey Santosh Kumar , Trivedi Manoj , Vashisth Chanchal , Devi Neeru , Raghav Neera , Sharma Meenakshi , Rajamoni Jagan
Published: December 2024

Synthesis, spectral and structural characterization of five new ruthenium(ii) complexes and their inhibition of intracellular enzymes as well as their serum protein-protecting activity are reported.
Submicromolar fluorescence ‘turn-on’ detection of fluoride anions using meso-(tetra-aryl) calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Roy Anik , Dutta Ranjan , Halder Dibakar , Mandal Koushik , Kundu Somenath , Hossain Maidul , Saha Indrajit , Lee Chang-Hee
Published: December 2024

A meso-tetra aryl calix[4]pyrrole/coumarate ensemble enables sensitive, fluorescence ‘turn-on’ type detection of fluoride anions at the submicromolar level.
Thermoplastic polyurethane/silicone rubber (TPU/SiR) thermoplastic elastomers with fine phase structures and comfortable textures based on polymerization-induced phase separation
Authors: Guo Xu-tong , Lv Ge-ge , Hao Xin-yue , Ning Nan-ying , Yu Bing , Tian Ming
Published: December 2024

Silicone based TPEs were prepared via polymerization-induced phase separation without using compatibilizers, and these TPEs exhibited tunable phase morphology and performance and comfortable biological tactile performance.
Retraction: Enhanced antimicrobial treatment by a clay-based drug nanocarrier conjugated to a guanidine-rich cell penetrating peptide
Authors: Khodabakhshi Mohammad Reza , Baghersad Mohammad Hadi
Published: December 2024

Retraction of ‘Enhanced antimicrobial treatment by a clay-based drug nanocarrier conjugated to a guanidine-rich cell penetrating peptide’ by Mohammad Reza Khodabakhshi et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 38961–38976, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA07821F.
Machine-learning-supported analysis of synergistic extraction systems towards enhanced selectivity of lithium extraction from brines
Authors: Kireeva Natalia , Baulin Vladimir E. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: December 2024

From high-entropy systems to quasi-stable equilibrium of simple complementary components.
Doctoral education in chemistry: faculty perspectives on programmatic elements’ goals and outcomes
Authors: Donkor Benedicta , Collini Melissa A. , Harshman Jordan
Published: December 2024

This qualitative study investigates the goals and outcomes of the individual programmatic elements within US chemistry doctoral programs, based on faculty perspectives. Forty-six faculty participants were interviewed using an interview protocol that was refined through iterative input and consensus building. Faculty perspectives in this study identifies several programmatic elements—such as research, coursework, lab rotations, candidacy process, and teaching assistantship—and explores the goals and outcomes of each. While the program's structure aims to incorporate essential workforce skills as explicit goals and outcomes, findings indicate that this integration often remains questionable. Further analysis of the goals and outcomes yielded three main insights: there is a misalignment between stated goals and enacted practices, necessitating a holistic reform approach to align goals of programmatic elements with students’ career goals and program goals; the structure of some programmatic elements often causes stress and frustration, highlighting the importance of improved integration and support; significant issues with certainty of the goals and outcomes of programmatic elements were identified, suggesting systemic problems that could lead to ineffective education. Addressing these issues through enhanced clarity, alignment, and practical training is vital for improving the experience of doctoral education in chemistry and better preparing students for their careers. While this study focused on US chemistry doctoral programs, the findings offer a framework for improving doctoral programs by addressing misalignments, unclear goals and outcomes, and the integration of real-world skills, providing insights that are applicable across diverse global educational contexts.
Two-photon brightness of NIR-emitting, atomically precise DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters
Authors: Hajda Agata , Guha Rweetuparna , Copp Stacy Marla , Olesiak-Bańska Joanna
Published: December 2024

Characterization of 2PA of DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (AgN-DNAs) with far-red to NIR emission identify them as water-soluble two-photon absorbers.
pH-responsive supramolecular switch of a rationally designed dipyrroethene-based chromophore
Authors: Mandal Debasish , Sarkar Abani , Behera Kanhu Charan , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: December 2024

We report the design and synthesis of a novel class of dual-state emissive pyrrole-based chromophores and their use as pH-responsive supramolecular switches.
Controllable reconstruction of lignified biomass with molecular scissors to form carbon frameworks for highly stable Li metal batteries
Authors: Lu Qi , Yang Chenyu , Xu Yang , Jiang Zhan , Ke Da , Meng Runze , Hu Sijiang , Chen Yuanzhen , Zhang Chaofeng , Yang Jianping , Zhou Tengfei
Published: December 2024

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) promise high energy density but suffer from dendrite formation. We developed a supercritical water treatment to create a porous carbon framework from biomass wood, achieving high capacity retention.
Arterial effects of anthracycline: structural and inflammatory assessments in non-human primates and lymphoma patients
Authors: Rankin Stephen , Fountain Caitlin , Gemmell Alastair J. , Quinn Daire , Henderson Alasdair , McClure John , Small Sandy , Venugopal Balaji , McKay Pamela , Slomka Piotr J. , Colville David , Petrie Mark C. , Meléndez Giselle C. , Lang Ninian N.
Published: December 2024

Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are important anti-cancer therapies but are associated with arterial injury. Histopathological insights have been limited to small animal models, and the role of inflammation in the arterial toxic effects of anthracycline is unclear in humans. Our aims were (1) to evaluate aortic media fibrosis and injury in non-human primates treated with anthracyclines; (2) to assess the effect of anthracycline on aortic inflammation in patients treated for lymphoma. African Green monkeys (AGMs) received doxorubicin (30–60 mg/m2/biweekly intravenously, cumulative dose: 240 mg/m2). Blinded histopathologic analyses of the ascending aorta were performed 15 weeks after the last doxorubicin dose and compared to five age- and gender-matched healthy, untreated AGMs. Analysis of the thoracic aorta of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), at baseline and after doxorubicin exposure, was performed using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in this observational study by maximal tissue-to-background ratio (TBRmax). In AGMs, doxorubicin exposure was associated with greater aortic fibrosis (collagen deposition: doxorubicin 6.23 ± 0.88% vs. controls 4.67 ± 0.54%; P=0.01) and intracellular vacuolization (doxorubicin 66.3 ± 10.1 vs. controls 11.5 ± 4.2 vacuoles/field, P<0.0001) than untreated controls. In 101 patients with DLBCL, there was no change in aortic TBRmax after anthracycline exposure (TBRmax 1.46 ± 0.16 vs. 1.44 ± 0.14, respectively, P=0.14). Univariate analyses yielded similar results. In a large animal model, anthracycline exposure was associated with aortic fibrosis. In patients with lymphoma, anthracycline exposure was not associated with aortic inflammation. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of anthracycline-related vascular harm.
Considerations for Measuring Caregiver Talk in Interactions With Infants at Elevated and Population-Level Likelihood for Autism: Deriving Stable Estimates
Authors: Bottema-Beutel Kristen , Guo Ruoxi , Braun Caroline , Dunham-Carr Kacie , Markfeld Jennifer E. , Pulliam Grace , Clark S. Madison , Keçeli-Kaysılı Bahar , Feldman Jacob I. , Woynaroski Tiffany
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to help researchers design observational measurement systems that yield sufficiently stable scores for estimating caregiver talk among caregivers of infant siblings of autistic and non-autistic children. Stable estimates minimize error introduced by facets of the measurement system, such as variability between coders or measurement sessions.

Method:

Analyses of variance were used to partition error variance between coder and session and to derive
g
coefficients. Decision studies determined the number of sessions and coders over which scores must be averaged to achieve sufficiently stable
g
coefficients (0.80). Twelve infants at elevated likelihood of an autism diagnosis and 12 infants with population-level likelihood of autism diagnosis participated in two semistructured observation sessions when the children were 12–18 months of age and again 9 months later. Caregiver follow-in talk was coded from these sessions.

Results:

Two sessions and one coder were needed to achieve sufficient stability for follow-in talk and follow-in comments for both groups of infants at both time points. However, follow-in directives did not reach sufficient stability for any combination of sessions or coders for the population-level likelihood group at either time point, or for the elevated likelihood group at Time 2.

Conclusion:

Researchers should plan to collect at least two sessions to derive sufficiently stable estimates of caregiver talk in infants at elevated and general population–level likelihood for autism.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27996875
A novel noncommunication‐based inductive power transfer control technique for battery charging application
Authors: Li Guocun , Pan Xuewei , Bao Danyang , Cai Zhouchi , Kumar Avneet
Published: December 2024

In order to realize the precise control of the output voltage and current of the inductive power transfer (IPT) battery charging system, wireless communication‐based control are generally employed in a lot of existing works. However, the stability of the IPT converter will be impaired if communication fails. This paper proposes a novel noncommunication‐based control strategy with a simple switched controlled capacitor design at the receiver side of the IPT system. A series‐inductor–capacitor–capacitor compensation network is selected to verify the proposed control strategy. Without feedback wireless communication, the proposed IPT system can realize reliable constant current and constant voltage output control over full load range at a fixed switching frequency. At the receiver side, switched controlled capacitor is introduced to control reactive current and convey the output‐side information to the transmitter side in the form of impedance angle. At the transmitter side, impedance angle is detected in real time, and phase shift control is introduced to regulate the output voltage or current of the system. Detailed analysis, implementation, hardware realization of the proposed noncommunication‐based control is presented in this paper. A 250 W experimental prototype is built in the laboratory to verify the proposed control strategy. Constant voltage and constant current for battery charging application are realized through noncommunication‐based control. Zero voltage switching over full range of load and minimized reactive current are achieved, which allows high efficiency operation. Compared with existing work in the literature, the proposed noncommunication‐based control provides the benefits of reduced hardware cost, higher system reliability and stability.
Intermediate mass T Tauri disk masses and a comparison to their Herbig disk descendants
Authors: Stapper L. M. , Hogerheijde M. R. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Vioque M. , Williams J. P. , Ginski C.
Published: December 2024

Context. Herbig disks are prime sites for the formation of massive exoplanets and looking into the precursors of these disks can offer clues for determining planet formation timescales. The precursors of Herbig stars, called intermediate-mass T Tauri (IMTT) stars, have spectral types later than F, but stellar masses between 1.5 and 5 M⊙. These stars will eventually become Herbig stars of spectral types A and B.

Aims. The aim of this work is to obtain the dust and gas masses and radii of all IMTT disks with ALMA archival data. The obtained disk masses are then compared to Herbig disks and T Tauri disks and the obtained disks sizes to those of Herbig disks.

Methods. ALMA Band 6 and 7 archival data were obtained for 34 IMTT disks with continuum observations, 32 of which have at least 12CO, 13CO, or C18O observations, but with most of them at quite shallow integrations. The disk integrated flux together with a stellar luminosity-scaled disk temperature were used to obtain a total disk dust mass by assuming optically thin emission. Using thermochemical Dust And LInes (DALI) models drawn from previous works, we also obtained gas masses of 10 out of 35 of the IMTT disks based on the CO isotopologues. From the disk masses and sizes, we obtained the cumulative distributions.

Results. The IMTT disks in this study have the same dust mass and radius distributions as Herbig disks. The dust mass of the IMTT disks is higher compared to that of the T Tauri disks, as also found for the Herbig disks. No differences in dust mass were found for group I versus group II disks, in contrast to Herbig disks. The disks for which a gas mass could be determined display a similarly high-mass as to the Herbig disks. Comparing the disk dust and gas mass distributions to the mass distribution of exoplanets shows that there also is not enough dust mass in disks around intermediate-mass stars to form massive exoplanets. On the other hand, there is more than enough gas to form the atmospheres of exoplanets.

Conclusions. We conclude that the sampled IMTT disk population is almost indistinguishable compared to Herbig disks, as their disk masses are the same, even though the former objects are younger. Based on this study, we conclude that planet formation is already well underway in these objects and, thus, planet formation is expected to start early on in the lifetime of Herbig disks. Combined with our findings on group I and group II disks, we conclude that most disks around intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars converge quickly to small disks, unless they are prevented from doing so by a nearby massive exoplanet.
Modeling of comet water production
Authors: Xin Y. , Skorov Yu. , Zhao Y. , Rezac L. , Hartogh P. , Küppers M.
Published: December 2024

Aims. This study investigates the impact of microscopic and macroscopic cometary surface properties on water production variations with heliocentric distance, focusing on dust layer thickness, grain size, nucleus shape, and spin axis orientation.

Methods. We employed a two-layer thermophysical model to calculate effective gas production, incorporating a dust layer of porous aggregates of submillimeter- and millimeter-sized grains. The model includes radiative thermal conductivity and permeability for volatile diffusion and considers dust layer evolution and tensile strength. We examined different cometary nucleus shape models based on spacecraft observations and calculated power-law exponents for water production rates as functions of heliocentric distance.

Results. A two-layer outgassing model with fixed layer properties showed minimal qualitative differences from a simpler water ice sublimation model. The study reaffirms the critical role of the spin axis inclination and illuminated cross-section variation with the heliocentric distance in gas production. Using 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s orbital parameters, the study demonstrates that dust accumulation and layer growth significantly alter production rate exponents. Additionally, considering tensile strength in a homogeneous spherical nucleus model revealed the potential for local dust crust removal near perihelion.

Conclusions. Macroscopic properties such as nucleus shape and spin axis orientation significantly influence water production rate variations with heliocentric distance. Microscopic surface characteristics and dust layer growth also play crucial roles in cometary activity. Incorporating tensile strength and dust removal mechanisms into models provides a more accurate representation of comet activity, particularly near perihelion. This refined model enhances our understanding of comet outgassing, highlighting the importance of detailed surface property data for an accurate interpretation of observations.
Chandra high-resolution spectra of Apep Plume: exploring the colliding-wind picture in X-rays
Authors: Svetozar Zhekov A. , Blagovest Petrov V.
Published: December 2024

We present results of the first high-resolution observations of the
massive Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary taken with the High-Energy Transmission Grating in 2023 May. Analysis of these high-quality spectra showed that the spectral lines in this massive binary are broadened (full width at half-maximum, FWHM $ and marginally blueshifted ($ A direct modelling of these spectra in the framework of the standard colliding stellar wind (CSW) picture provided a very good correspondence between the shape of the theoretical and observed spectra, but required a mass-loss reduction of 0.42 to be adopted. For a global view on this WR$+$WR binary, we performed a direct fitting of its optical spectrum by making use of stellar atmosphere models. The corresponding stellar parameters (mass-loss rate and wind velocities) from this analysis were used as input parameters for the CSW modelling of the X-ray emission from
The impact of binaural auralizations on sound source localization and social presence in audiovisual virtual reality: converging evidence from placement and eye-tracking paradigms
Authors: Roßkopf Sarah , Kroczek Leon O.H. , Stärz Felix , Blau Matthias , Van de Par Steven , Mühlberger Andreas
Published: December 2024

Virtual Reality (VR) enables the presentation of realistic audio-visual environments by combining head-tracked binaural auralizations with visual scenes. Whether these auralizations improve social presence in VR and enable sound source localization comparable to that of real sound sources is yet unclear. Therefore, we implemented two sound source localization paradigms (speech stimuli) in a virtual seminar room. First, we measured localization continuously using a placement task. Second, we measured gaze as a naturalistic behavior. Forty-nine participants compared three auralizations based on measured binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs), simulated BRIRs, both with generic and individual head-related impulse responses (HRIRs), with loudspeakers and an anchor (gaming audio engine). In both paradigms, no differences were found between binaural rendering and loudspeaker trials concerning ratings of social presence and subjective realism. However, sound source localization accuracy of binaurally rendered sound sources was inferior to loudspeakers. Binaural auralizations based on generic simulations were equivalent to renderings based on individualized simulations in terms of localization accuracy but inferior in terms of social presence. Since social presence and subjective realism are strongly correlated, the implementation of plausible binaural auralizations is suggested for VR settings where high levels of (social) presence are relevant (e.g. multiuser interaction, VR exposure therapy).
Small-Time Local Controllability of the multi-input bilinear Schrödinger equation thanks to a quadratic term
Authors: GHERDAOUI Théo
Published: December 2024

The goal of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the relations between the exact controllability of nonlinear PDEs and the control theory for ODEs based on Lie brackets, through a study of the Schrödinger PDE with bilinear control.
We focus on the small-time local controllability (STLC) around an equilibrium, when the linearized system is not controllable. We study the second-order term in the Taylor expansion of the state, with respect to the control.
For scalar-input ODEs, quadratic terms never recover controllability: they induce signed drifts in the dynamics. Thus proving STLC requires to go at least to the third order. Similar results were proved for the bilinear Schrödinger PDE with scalar-input controls.
In this article, we study the case of multi-input systems. We clarify among the quadratic Lie brackets, those that allow to recover STLC. For ODEs, our result is a consequence of Sussmann’s sufficient condition S(θ), but we propose a new proof, designed to prepare an easier transfer to PDEs. This proof relies on a representation formula of the state inspired by the Magnus formula. By adapting it, we prove a new STLC result for the bilinear Schrödinger PDE.
Kommentar zu den neuen „Lebensmittelbezogenen Ernährungsempfehlungen
für Deutschland“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE)
Authors: Gonder Ulrike , von Bibra Helene , Cramer Thorsten , Kaemmerer Ulrike
Published: December 2024

In den neuen lebensmittelbezogenen Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Ernährung (DGE) für gesunde Erwachsene vom März 2024 sollten durch ein
mathematisches Optimierungsmodell drei Ziele kombiniert erreicht werden: 1.
Minimierung der Abweichungen vom üblichen Verzehr (40% Gewichtung), 2.
Minimierung der Umweltlast (30% Gewichtung) und 3. Minimierung der
Krankheitslast bei gleichzeitiger Deckung der Nährstoffzufuhr (30% Gewichtung).
Methodische Kritik betrifft die nicht evidenzbasierte niedrige Gewichtung
gesundheitsbezogener Aspekte des angewendeten Computermodells für nationale
Ernährungsempfehlungen. Im Einzelnen werden die aktuellen mit den letzten
Empfehlungen der DGE verglichen, mit den Daten der Nationalen Verzehrstudie II
(NVS II), mit aktuellem Konsum sowie mit der Planetary Health Diet (PHD). Vor
allem aufgrund der ohne Evidenz sehr ungünstig veränderten Anteile von Eiweiß
und Fett (deutlich reduziert) sowie Kohlenhydraten (deutlich gesteigert) ist die
Begründbarkeit etlicher Einzelempfehlungen fragwürdig. In Übereinstimmung mit
der Deutschen Akademie für Präventivmedizin (DAPM) urteilen die Autor*innen,
dass eine nationale Ernährungsgesellschaft wie die DGE in erster Linie die
Gesunderhaltung durch Ernährung im Fokus haben sollte, gerade wegen der
mehrheitlich mit Risiken belasteten Menschen in Deutschland. Es besteht daher
dringender Handlungsbedarf, die Ernährungsempfehlungen anhand evidenzbasierter
und aktueller Studienergebnisse zu überarbeiten.