bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physics-Informed Computer Vision: A Review and Perspectives
Authors: Banerjee Chayan , Nguyen Kien , Fookes Clinton , George Karniadakis
Published: August 2024

The incorporation of physical information in machine learning frameworks is opening and transforming many application domains. Here the learning process is augmented through the induction of fundamental knowledge and governing physical laws. In this work, we explore their utility for computer vision tasks in interpreting and understanding visual data. We present a systematic literature review of more than 250 papers on formulation and approaches to computer vision tasks guided by physical laws. We begin by decomposing the popular computer vision pipeline into a taxonomy of stages and investigate approaches to incorporate governing physical equations in each stage. Existing approaches are analyzed in terms of modeling and formulation of governing physical processes, including modifying input data (observation bias), network architectures (inductive bias), and training losses (learning bias). The taxonomy offers a unified view of the application of the physics-informed capability, highlighting where physics-informed learning has been conducted and where the gaps and opportunities are. Finally, we highlight open problems and challenges to inform future research. While still in its early days, the study of physics-informed computer vision has the promise to develop better computer vision models that can improve physical plausibility, accuracy, data efficiency, and generalization in increasingly realistic applications.
K-Means text clustering method based on Decision Grey Wolf Optimization
Authors: wang jianwei , pan chengsheng , shi jianfeng
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the problem that the traditional algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum in the process of text clustering, which leads to inaccurate text clustering results, a text clustering method based on decision grey wolf optimization K-Means is proposed to cluster the text data set and the standard UCI data set respectively. Afterword segmentation, stop words removal, feature extraction, and text vectorization of text data, the powerful optimization ability of the Decision Gray Wolf Optimization (DGWO) algorithm is used for global optimization, and the clustering center in K-Means algorithm is replaced by the location of wolves. The position of the wolf group is updated by iterative optimization to obtain the optimal clustering center, to perform text clustering. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method, the precision, recall, and F-Measure of the text data clustering are improved by 49.22%, 51.15%, and 48.98% respectively. The precision, recall, and F-Measure of UCI data clustering are increased by 23.92%, 25.40%, and 24.70% respectively, and the text clustering results are more reliable.
Future of Immune Modulation in Animal Agriculture
Authors: McGill Jodi L. , Loving Crystal L. , Kehrli Marcus E.
Published: August 2024

Immune modulation in animal agriculture has been of research interest for several decades, yet only a few immunomodulators have received regulatory approval in the United States and around the world. In this review, we summarize market and regulatory environments impacting commercial development of immunomodulators for use in livestock and poultry. In the United States, very few immunomodulators have received regulatory approval for use in livestock by either the US Department of Agriculture Center for Veterinary Biologics or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To date, only one immunomodulator has received FDA approval, and an extensive body of peer-reviewed literature is available regarding the basis for its use and health benefits. We present a more thorough review of the history and impact of this immune restorative. Finally, we discuss the interaction of immunomodulators on health, metabolism, and other factors impacting the future of immune modulation in livestock.
New Directions for Theories for Why Employees Stay or Leave
Authors: Hom Peter W. , Kiazad Kohyar
Published: August 2024

We critically review classic and contemporary theory and research on employee turnover and retention and frame a future research agenda that generates new directions for these theories. We first review first- and second-generation turnover models that shaped conventional understanding of why employees voluntarily quit, classifying reasons as representing perceived desirability of movement or ease of movement. We next review the more contemporary unfolding model and its derivatives (i.e., shocks research, leader-departure effect, turnover event theory) that upended traditional explanations of how and why employees quit. After reviewing classic and contemporary turnover models, we shift our focus to job embeddedness, which over the past 20-plus years has taught us a great deal about why employees stay. We synthesize original job embeddedness research before appraising its extensions and recent developments. We conclude with a discussion of how organizations can cultivate the “right” kind of staying.
Knowledge-Augmented Deep Learning for Segmenting and Detecting Cerebral Aneurysms With CT Angiography: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Wei Jianyong , Song Xinyu , Wei Xiaoer , Yang Zhiwen , Dai Lisong , Wang Mengfei , Sun Zheng , Jin Yidong , Ma Chune , Hu Chunhong , Xie Xueqian , Yang Zhenghan , Zhang Yonggao , Lv Fajin , Lu Jie , Zhu Yueqi , Li Yuehua
Published: August 2024

A knowledge-augmented deep learning model could accurately segment and detect cerebral aneurysms at CT angiography with no evidence of a significant difference in diagnostic performance compared with clinical radiology reports.
The Roles of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US and Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System MRI in the Evaluation of Adnexal Lesions
Authors: Patel-Lippmann Krupa K. , Gupta Akshya , Martin Marisa F. , Phillips Catherine H. , Maturen Katherine E. , Jha Priyanka , Sadowski Elizabeth A. , Stein Erica B.
Published: August 2024

Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US and MRI provide evidence-based lexicons and risk assessment systems that can accurately diagnose most adnexal lesions as benign and effectively risk stratify those that are suspicious for malignancy.
High-Temperature Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Commercial Paper-Derived Solid-State Electrolyte
Authors: Sapkota Nawraj , Sabet Morteza , Parekh Mihir , Chen Nancy , Ding Yi , Pilla Srikanth , Rao Apparao M.
Published: August 2024

Solid-state lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery technologies could power future electric mobility due to their potential high energy density. However, the current solid-state Li-S batteries face several challenges, such as high internal impedance at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, shuttling of lithium polysulfides, and Li dendrite formation. Herein, we introduced a novel Li-rich cellulose-based solid-state electrolyte in combination with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN, 36.5 wt.% S) cathode, leading to durable Li-S batteries for high-temperature applications. We utilized SPAN due to its reasonable conductivity, high reversible capacity, and stable cycling performance. The solid-state electrolyte in this study was prepared by infusing Li ions (Li+) into a copper-coordinated cellulosic paper. The infusion of Li+ was carried out by soaking the copper-treated paper in a 1 M LiTFSI in EC0.5DME0.25DOL0.25 solution (where subscripts indicate the volume fraction), followed by complete evaporation of the solvents. Three types of cellulosic paper were explored, from which the commercial copy paper resulted in the highest area-normalized conductance of 24.4 mS cm-2 and Li-ion transference number of 0.76 at 50 °C. At this temperature, the Li-SPAN cells with paper-based electrolyte delivered an initial reversible capacity of 1536 mAh gs
-1 at 168 mA gs
-1 (0.1C). After high-temperature cycling for 150 cycles at 0.5C, the Li-SPAN cells exhibited an exceptional capacity retention of 82.2% (from 982 to 807 mAh gs
-1). The conformability of the paper-based electrolyte ensures good interfacial contact with the SPAN and Li electrodes. As a result, when this solid-state Li-S battery was subjected to fast charging/discharging (1C) at 50 °C, it delivered a reversible capacity of 670 mAh gs
-1. In this talk, we will outline the results from our electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry studies on Li-S cells to unravel the superior performance of paper-based Li-S batteries at high temperatures.

Figure 1
Enhancing Zn-MnO2 Battery Performance with Hydrogen-Bonded MnO2 Interfaces in Wet Nonaqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Kao-ian Wathanyu , Sangsawang Jinnawat , Gopalakrishnan Mohan , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Kheawhom Soorathep
Published: August 2024

The quest for sustainable and high-performing battery technologies has directed attention towards Zinc (Zn)-manganese dioxide (MnO2) based rechargeable batteries. These batteries emerge as a viable alternative to lithium-ion systems, particularly due to their advantageous raw material supply, cost, and performance parameters. Despite their potential, Zn-MnO2 batteries face operational challenges, including gas evolution, Zn self-corrosion, and dissolution of the host material when utilized in mild acid aqueous electrolytes. Addressing these issues, our research explores the efficacy of wet nonaqueous electrolytes as a solution. Previously, we demonstrated a substantial enhancement in battery performance (~200 mAh/g of MnO2) by incorporating a specific proportion of water into the nonaqueous electrolyte. Building on this foundation, our current study investigates the role of hydrogen-bonded pillars, particularly proton and ammonium cations, in augmenting the interfacial properties of MnO2. This modification aims to bolster surface kinetics, thereby elevating battery performance closer to that of aqueous systems. Employing a suite of material characterization techniques, including in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), we observed a notable performance improvement (~270 mAh/g), while maintaining stability. These findings hold significant promise for advancing the practical application of MnO2-based hosts in Zn-MnO2 batteries, marking a stride towards next-generation energy storage solutions.
Mixed Metal Amide-Hydride Solid Solutions for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Le Thi Thu , Chierotti Michele R. , Walders Stefan , Schoekel Alexander , Klassen Thomas , Pistidda Claudio
Published: August 2024

Metal amide-hydride materials have been extensively studied for usage in energy applications, especially as solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries and as hydrogen storage. In specific cases, the formation of mixed metal amide hydride solid solutions promotes fast hydrogen sorption kinetics and tune the thermodynamics, allowing hydrogen absorption/desorption below 150 °C in hydrogen storage systems. In addition, these intermediates, such as Li2(BH4)(NH2) or Li4(BH4)(NH2)3 are potentially ionic conductors that can be used as solid electrolytes for solid-state batteries’ applications. In this work, a series of M-N-H solid solution structures based on mixed MNH2-MH materials of Group 1 elements (M = K, Rb, Cs and their combinations), such as KNH2-KH, KNH2-RbH, RbNH2-KH, RbNH2-CsH, RbNH2-CsNH2, etc., are reported. The results obtained by experimental determination (e.g., ex-situ XRD / in-situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, IR, 1H 2D solid-state MAS NMR, QENS) and theoretical calculations (e.g., molecular dynamics calculations) confirm the formation of mixed metal amide hydride solid solutions associated with an exchange between both anionic (NH2
- and H-) and cationic species (K, Rb and Cs). These structurally disordered solid solutions exhibit high ionic conductivity compared to the pure materials, e.g., mixed RbNH2-CsNH2 shows an ionic conductivity in the range of 4×10-5 S×cm-1 at 373 K compared to that of pure RbNH2 and CsNH2 (< 10-7 S×cm-1 at the same condition). Although this solid solution exhibits only moderate ionic conductivity, it offers the possibility of tuning the functional and physical properties of mixed metal amide-hydrides by structural modification.
Diagnosing NMC Battery Aging Modes Using Digital Twin
Authors: Guo Wendi , Li Yaqi , Sun Zhongchao , Vilsen Søren Byg , Zou Changfu , Stroe Daniel Ioan
Published: August 2024

Traditional lithium-ion battery (LiB) modeling does not provide sufficient information to accurately verify battery performance under real-time dynamic operating conditions, particularly when considering various aging modes and mechanisms. This paper proposes a lithium-ion battery digital twin that can capture real-time data and integrate the strong coupling between SEI layer growth, anode crack propagation, drying up of Electrolytes, and lithium plating. It can be utilized to predict the degradation behavior, voltage-current profiles in dynamic aging conditions, and analyze the lithium inventory loss (LLI) of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide (NMC) lithium-ion batteries.

Commercially available 18650 cylindrical NMC Samsung battery cells were investigated. The cathode and anode materials are LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 and synthetic graphite, respectively. Four dynamic aging test cases using 1C, 1.3C, MC (multistep charging), and 2C, were designed and performed at 25 °C. The reference performance test (RPT) was repeated every 100 full equivalent cycles (FECs) until the cells reached 20 % capacity fade. Figure 1 shows the real-time voltage and current profile captured and predicted by the digital twin.

The model takes into account LLI induced by SEI growth and lithium plating, aligning with the LLI calibrated from the differential voltage (DV) endpoint shift (Figure 1h). Based on the model results, SEI growth is found to be the primary contributor to capacity loss before 500 FECs. SEI-induced degradation is minimal under the MC protocol, with the capacity loss varying by less than 5.22% across four test cases (Figure 1e). After 500 FECs, anode cracking becomes a non-linear accelerated aging factor. The crack propagation stabilizes in the initial 200 FECs, followed by unstable accelerated growth leading to capacity loss. Subsequently, a rapid acceleration in capacity loss occurs after 700 FECs (Figure 1f). The growth of anode cracks under the MC aging protocol has a much slower effect on capacity loss compared to the 2C and 1.3C before 500 FECs, as strongly confirmed by the post-mortem analysis. In addition, the lithium plating phenomenon triggers two orders of magnitude less capacity loss than SEI growth and cracking at 25 °C. The MC protocol demonstrates an effective reduction in lithium plating capacity loss compared to the other three traditional charging protocols (Figure 1g). This digital twin can represent a firm physical foundation for future physics-informed machine learning development to predict LiBs degradation behavior.

Figure 1. Real-time voltage and current captured and predicted by our designed digital twin under (a) 1C-WLTC, (b)1.3C-WLTC, (c) MC-WLTC, and (d) 2C-WLTC aging profiles. Additionally, (f) illustrates capacity loss density for the four protocols attributed to (e) SEI film growth, (f) anode crack propagation, (g) Li plating, and (h) LLI prediction by the digital twin and DV measurement.

Figure 1
Autoimmune hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: unanswered question
Authors: Arshavsky Yuri I.
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was described more than a century ago. However, there are still no effective approaches to its treatment, which may suggest that the search for the cure is not being conducted in the most productive direction. AD begins as selective impairments of declarative memory with no deficits in other cognitive functions. Therefore, understanding of the AD pathogenesis has to include the understanding of this selectivity. Currently, the main efforts aimed at prevention and treatment of AD are based on the dominating hypothesis for the AD pathogenesis: the amyloid hypothesis. But this hypothesis does not explain selective memory impairments since β-amyloid accumulates extracellularly and should be toxic to all types of cerebral neurons, not only to “memory engram neurons.” To explain selective memory impairment, I propose the autoimmune hypothesis of AD, based on the analysis of risk factors for AD and molecular mechanisms of memory formation. Memory formation is associated with epigenetic modifications of chromatin in memory engram neurons and, therefore, might be accompanied by the expression of memory-specific proteins recognized by the adaptive immune system as “non-self” antigens. Normally, the brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). All risk factors for AD provoke BBB disruptions, possibly leading to an autoimmune reaction against memory engram neurons. This reaction would make them selectively sensitive to tauopathy. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the strategies for AD prevention and treatment would be radically changed.
Impact of Level 4 Automated Vehicles on Mode Choice Using a Needs‐Based Approach
Authors: Zhijian Chen , Ying-En Ge , Liu Shikun , Qiu Jiandong , Zhang Jingke , Kang Jing
Published: August 2024

With the emergence of Level 4 automated vehicles, it is necessary to investigate the impact of these vehicles on mode choice. Previous studies have looked at the potential benefits and drawbacks of automated vehicles, but there has been little research done on how these vehicles will impact individuals’ travel behaviors. This paper proposes a needs‐based approach to study the impact of Level 4 automated vehicles on mode choice. The approach takes into consideration the travel needs of different individuals and their willingness to adopt new technologies. Through a stated preference survey in China, the data on travel preferences and the perceived safety levels of automated vehicles can be collected. Then, a model is built to simulate the adoption of Level 4 automated vehicles and estimate the mode split for different scenarios. The results indicated that private AV modes are preferred, and business and nonwork trips may be the targeted market for all AV modes. Overall, value of automation increases with income for private modes, with large variance. Furthermore, Pro‐AV attitude has a positive effect on value of automation, especially for self‐owned AV and AV subscription. Accordingly, the needs‐based approach demonstrates a promising method to study the impact of new technologies on travel behaviors and provides insights for policy makers to promote more sustainable transportation systems.
Feeding Behavior, Water Intake, and Physiological Parameters of Feedlot Lambs Fed with Diets Containing Babassu Oil Associated with Sunflower Oil Blend
Authors: da Silva Laryssa V. , Vilela Gleice Kelle S. M. , da Rocha Karlyene S. , Cavalcanti Hactus S. , Gois Glayciane C. , Santos Francisco Naysson de S. , Campos Fleming S. , Parente Michelle de O. M. , Zanine Anderson de M. , Ferreira Daniele de J. , Mariz Tobyas M. de A. , Maia Danielle de O. , Parente Henrique N.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary inclusion of babassu oil (BO) associated with sunflower oil (SO) on feeding behavior, water intake, and physiological parameters of feedlot lambs. Thirty‐five castrated male lambs (16.6 kg ± 3.9 kg) were distributed in a randomized block design with 5 treatments (diets) and 7 replications. The tested diets were oil‐free diet (OF), 45 g/kg BO (BO), 30 g/kg BO with an additional 15 g/kg SO (1.5 SO), 22.5 g/kg BO with an additional 22.5 g/kg SO (2.25 SO), and 30 g/kg SO with an additional 15 g/kg BO (3.0 SO) on dry matter (DM) basis. The experimental period lasted 60 days. Animals that received BO diet and the combination of BO with SO had lower intakes of DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) compared to the control diet (P < 0.05). Differences on the respiratory rate (RR) was observed between animals in the control diet and those in the diets containing SO (P = 0.001), with a linear increase in RR as the levels of SO in the diets increased (P = 0.004). All physiological parameters showed a time effect (P < 0.05). Animals fed with the control diet had higher water intake via drinking fountain (P = 0.030) and total water intake (P = 0.029) compared to animals fed with diets containing SO. In relation to SO levels, water intake via drinking fountain (P = 0.002), total water intake (P = 0.002), and total water intake per kg of DM ingested (P = 0.001) linearly increased with the levels increase in the composition of the diets. The tested diets did not alter the feeding behavior of the feedlot lambs. However, the combination of BO with different levels of SO reduced DM and water intake via drinking fountain and RR.
Pump Scheduling Optimization in Urban Water Supply Stations: A Physics‐Informed Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Ma Haixiang , Wang Xuechun , Wang Dongsheng
Published: August 2024

In the urban water supply system, a significant proportion of energy consumption is attributed to the water supply pumping station (WSPS). The conventional manual scheduling method employed by water supply enterprises imposes a considerable economic burden. In this paper, we intend to minimize the energy cost of WSPS by dynamically adjusting the combination of pumps and their operational states while considering the pressure difference of the main pipe and switching times of pump group. Achieving this goal is challenging due to the lack of accurate mechanistic models of pumps, uncertainty in environmental parameters, and temporal coupling constraints in the database. Consequently, a WSPS pump scheduling algorithm based on physics‐informed long short‐term memory (PI‐LSTM) surrogate model and multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) is proposed. The proposed algorithm operates without prior knowledge of an accurate mechanistic model of the pump units. Combining data‐driven with the physical laws of fluid mechanics improves the prediction accuracy of the model compared to traditional data‐based deep learning models, especially when the amount of data is small. Simulation results based on real‐world trajectories show that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption by 13.38% compared with the original scheduling scheme. This study highlights the potential of integrating physics‐informed deep learning and reinforcement learning to optimize energy consumption in urban water supply systems.
Supplementary Information from Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification via Nondestructive 3D Pathology with Deep Learning–Assisted Gland Analysis
Authors: Xie Weisi , Reder Nicholas P. , Koyuncu Can , Leo Patrick , Hawley Sarah , Huang Hongyi , Mao Chenyi , Postupna Nadia , Kang Soyoung , Serafin Robert , Gao Gan , Han Qinghua , Bishop Kevin W. , Barner Lindsey A. , Fu Pingfu , Wright Jonathan L. , Keene C. Dirk , Vaughan Joshua C. , Janowczyk Andrew , Glaser Adam K. , Madabhushi Anant , True Lawrence D. , Liu Jonathan T.C.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary methods, notes, figures, tables, video captions, and references
C4d, rather than C3d and C5b-9, Is Associated with Graft Loss in Recurrent IgA Deposition after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Alkaff Firas F. , Uffing Audrey , Tiller Gesa , Lammerts Rosa G.M. , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Bajema Ingeborg M. , Daha Mohamed R. , van den Born Jacob , Berger Stefan P.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Recurrent IgA deposition is common after kidney transplantation. However, it is difficult to define whether IgA deposition is innocuous or contributes to organ damage. Next, although complement is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), its involvement has not been studied systematically in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Methods: KTRs with biopsy-proven native IgAN who underwent kidney biopsy after transplantation between 1995 and 2020 were included. Recurrent IgA deposition was defined as IgA deposit in the glomerulus. Staining of complement factors C4d, C3d, and C5b-9 was quantitatively evaluated using ImageScope. Results: Sixty-seven KTRs (85% male, 46 ± 13 years old, 12 [6–24] months after transplantation, 58% with indication biopsy) were included in the analyses. Of them, 25 (37%) had recurrent IgA deposition. There were no clinical differences between KTR with and without recurrent IgA deposition. C3d and C5b-9 were always present in biopsies with IgA deposition, while C4d was present in 48% of the biopsies. During a median follow-up of 9.6 [4.8–14] years, 18 (27%) KTRs developed death-censored graft failure. Recurrent IgA deposition was not associated with graft failure. Of the evaluated complement factors, only C4d staining was associated with graft failure in KTR with recurrent IgA deposition (hazard ratio = 2.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.07–6.03, p = 0.034). Conclusions: Recurrent IgA deposition was not associated with graft failure in itself. C4d, when present, is strongly associated with graft loss in KTR with recurrent IgA deposition, suggesting a pathogenic role for the lectin pathway in recurrent IgAN.
O diabo no meio do redemoinho: a dialética destruição - produção do capitalismo rural em Alagoas
Authors: Lima Weldja Marques da Silva , Amorim Adson Ney dos Santos
Published: August 2024

Neste ensaio, refletimos sobre as ambivalências da expansão capitalista em áreas rurais. Se os grandes empreendimentos extrativistas, investindo-se de símbolos de "modernidade", apontam seus rendimentos como consequência de inovações tecnológicas, chamamos atenção para o modo como a dinâmica de acumulação extrativista opera por despossessão. Focamos por um lado, na degradação da natureza, dos trabalhadores e de modos de vida, levados a cabo por tais empreendimentos; por outro, nas pequenas resistências cotidianas de camponeses e trabalhadores nesse processo. Para isso, mobilizamos o imaginário camponês sobre a figura do diabo, a partir de trabalhos de campo (entrevistas e conversas realizadas em acampamentos e assentamentos de luta por terra) e produção cinematográfica, adotando o pacto com o diabo como metáfora da expansão.
La nueva “dama de hierro”. Concepciones y estereotipos de género en el autorretrato de Victoria Villarruel.
Authors: Bedin Paula
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the gender conceptions underlying the way Victoria Villarruel constructs her self-portrait and characterizes feminism and gender equality policies. To do this, I used the thematic analysis method based on the survey and coding of a corpus of twenty interventions. This survey allowed me to show that the current vice-president presents in her self-portrait a renewed version of the right wing, in a process of convergence with feminism, by combining a feminized discourse of concern for the victims with a tough and implacable profile as an "iron lady", a security specialist, divorced and childless. However, she reinforces traditional gender conceptions in her opposition to gender equality policies and certain sectors of feminism from an anti-gender stance. Therefore, I argue that Villarruel offers a complex and unique self-portrait as a right-wing female leader that does not easily conform to gender stereotypes or anti-feminism.
Permanências, rupturas, transformações: os antifeminismos de ontem e de hoje
Authors: Moreira Thaís Batista Rosa
Published: August 2024

A partir da exposição e análise de uma série de manifestações antifeministas, resgatadas de fontes escritas e iconográficas que datam de meados do século XIX até os dias atuais, proponho uma reflexão que matize a historicidade desses fenômenos, observando suas estratégias e retóricas, inscritas em uma dinâmica de permanências, rupturas e transformações através do tempo. Além disso, o artigo apresenta um breve panorama historiográfico, dando destaque às interpretações específicas sobre o antifeminismo propostas por Susan Faludi (2001), Florence Rochefort (1999) e Rachel Soihet (2013). Assim, busca-se ressaltar a importancia de articular o passado e o presente para compreender os discursos antifeministas, atentando-se tanto aos aportes deixados pela bibliografia especializada no tema, como para suas limitações face aos desafios contemporâneos.
Gênero e raça como marcadores sociais de desigualdades na representação política: um estudo sobre a participação de mulheres e mulheres negras na política institucional no Norte de Minas Gerais e Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG
Authors: Correia Idalécia Soares , Oliveira Claúdia Luz de , Ferreira Maria da Luz Alves , Alves Maria Railma
Published: August 2024

This article deals with the political representation of women in the northern mesoregions of Minas Gerais - MG and Vale do Jequitinhonha - MG, comprised of 140 municipalities. The objective is to investigate the phenomenon of inequality in political representation expressed through the gender and race/color variables. This is a quantitative work using descriptive statistics. Data collection took place on the Superior Electoral Court website—Open data portal. The data is analyzed by comparing the results of each region with data from municipal elections in Brazil. One may observe the differences between the regions and how much the scenario of underrepresentation of women in the Jequitinhonha Valley is more challenging than the context of underrepresentation of women in Brazil.
Os movimentos de resistência das mulheres diante do avanço da “onda neoconservadora” na América Latina sob o olhar da perspectiva feminista decolonial
Authors: Zarpelon Janiffer Tammy Gusso
Published: August 2024

Enquanto a década de 1990 foi marcada pelo avanço do debate e implementação de reformas em prol dos direitos humanos e das mulheres, na metade do século XXI, a América Latina foi marcada pelo crescimento das narrativas “neoconservadoras” que visam o combate ao globalismo, defesa do liberalismo econômico, da segurança nacional e dos princípios morais e familiares. O artigo visa analisar os impactos da onda neoconservadora na América Latina sobre os direitos humanos das mulheres e os movimentos sociais de defesa dos direitos das mulheres, mais especificamente, o movimento “Ola Verde” na Argentina. Essa pesquisa se baseou na metodologia qualitativa, por meio de fontes bibliográficas, sobre o avanço da onda neoconservadora na América Latina. Examinou-se, também, as contribuições do feminismo decolonial das autoras Maria Lugones, Julieta Paredes Carvajal, Lélia Gonzalez, a fim de trazer luz sobre os movimentos de resistência das mulheres, que durante muito tempo foram silenciadas, e hoje lutam contra a violência de gênero e na defesa dos seus direitos.
Francisco de Holanda e os descaminhos de seus textos (séculos XVIII, XIX e XX)
Authors: Drumond Matheus Filipe Alves Madeira
Published: August 2024

This review aims to gather scattered information about the paths of some texts by Francisco de Holanda. As it would only be edited and published from the end of the 19th century, that is, more than three centuries after the production of the texts, the routes taken by Holanda’s manuscripts seem to aid in understanding the uniqueness of some of his propositions, while also contributing to the characterization of the Iberian intellectual landscape. In our view, the turbulent transmission of his texts provides an important piece of data for the comparison of the issues surrounding his production. In summary, the trajectory of the autographs is traced from their production in the 16th century, their rediscovery in the late 18th century, until their actual edition in the period between the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Editorial
Authors: Massabni Vânia Galindo
Published: August 2024

O número da Revista Grad+ de 2022 constitui material de autores que se dispuseram a colaborar, de modo espontâneo, com a retomada da revista de Graduação USP, a Grad+.
Aplicação da Plataforma Kahoot! Durante o Ensino Remoto na Pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Rocha Nathalia Raissa de Alcântara , Lázaro Talita Maria , Ramos de Carvalho Nociti Sabrina , Moro de Sousa Ricardo Luiz
Published: August 2024

The pandemic we are facing has generated the need for changes in the teaching process of Higher Education institutions. Remote teaching has become a reality, directly impacting pedagogical training. Digital applications with themes focused on teaching and learning, such as Kahoot!, have become tools to stimulate student participation and engagement during classes. In this study, students were subjected to a quiz on subjects directly related to the classes through the use of Kahoot!. At the end of the semester, a questionnaire was applied through an online form, addressing its use as a revision tool. Acceptance was generally satisfactory and positively evaluated by students. However, the difficulties related to its administration are challenges that still need to be overcome, aiming to maintain the quality of teaching. The positive evaluation of students is seen as an important indicator to guide the actions of the teacher in future practices that adopt digital tools as an integral part of the teaching of traditional disciplines.
Randomized Crossover Trial of 2-Week Ketone Ester Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Gopalasingam Nigopan , Berg-Hansen Kristoffer , Christensen Kristian Hylleberg , Ladefoged Bertil T. , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt , Andersen Mads Jønsson , Borlaug Barry A. , Nielsen Roni , Møller Niels , Wiggers Henrik
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Acute increases in circulating levels of ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate have beneficial acute hemodynamic effects in patients without T2D with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, the cardiovascular effects of prolonged oral ketone ester (KE) treatment in patients with T2D and HFpEF remain unknown.

METHODS:

A total of 24 patients with T2D and HFpEF completed a 6-week randomized, double-blind crossover study. All patients received 2 weeks of KE treatment (25 g D-ß-hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3-butanediol × 4 daily) and isocaloric and isovolumic placebo, separated by a 2-week washout period. At the end of each treatment period, patients underwent right heart catheterization, echocardiography, and blood samples at trough levels of intervention, and then during a 4-hour resting period after a single dose. A subsequent second dose was administered, followed by an exercise test. The primary end point was cardiac output during the 4-hour rest period.

RESULTS:

During the 4-hour resting period, circulating 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were 10-fold higher after KE treatment (1010±56 µmol/L;
P
<0.001) compared with placebo (91±55 µmol/L). Compared with placebo, KE treatment increased cardiac output by 0.2 L/min (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.3) during the 4-hour period and decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest by 1 mm Hg (95% CI, –2 to 0) and at peak exercise by 5 mm Hg (95% CI, –9 to –1). KE treatment decreased the pressure-flow relationship (∆ pulmonary capillary wedge pressure/∆ cardiac output) significantly during exercise (
P
<0.001) and increased stroke volume by 10 mL (95% CI, 0 to 20) at peak exercise. KE right-shifted the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship, suggestive of reduced left ventricular stiffness and improved compliance. Favorable hemodynamic responses of KE treatment were also observed in patients treated with sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs.

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with T2D and HFpEF, a 2-week oral KE treatment increased cardiac output and reduced cardiac filling pressures and ventricular stiffness. At peak exercise, KE treatment markedly decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and improved pressure-flow relationship. Modulation of circulating ketone levels is a potential new treatment modality for patients with T2D and HFpEF.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT05236335.
A new species in the genus Aphlugiolopsis Wang, Liu & Li, 2015 (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) with descriptive notes on the known species from China
Authors: WANG YANG , LI YUN , SHI FUMING , CHANG YANLIN
Published: August 2024

This paper reports one new species of the genus Aphlugiolopsis Wang, Liu & Li, 2015, i.e. Aphlugiolopsis zhenfengensis sp. nov. and provides supplementary description of Aphlugiolopsis punctipennis Wang, Liu, & Li, 2015 and Aphlugiolopsis lobata Pan & Bian, 2023, the female of the latter is described for the first time.
Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials
Authors: SHAH BISMILLAH , SHAO YISA , DU HONG , WANG YANG , HUANG JUNHAO
Published: August 2024

The genus Zygoneura Meigen is revised thoroughly from China, and 14 species are recognized and illustrated, including four new species: Zygoneura (Allozygoneura) xizangensis Shah & Huang sp. nov., Zygoneura (Pharetratula) minuscula sp. nov., Zygoneura (Pharetratula) motuoensis sp. nov. and Zygoneura (Pharetratula) yangi sp. nov. In addition, Zygoneura (Pharetratula) divergens (Mamaev), Zygoneura (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev), and Zygoneura (Pharetratula) subdivergens (Mohrig & Mamaev) are reported for the first time from China. The identification of these species is supported by both morphological characteristics and sequence data obtained from cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) in the DNA barcode analysis. Furthermore, a checklist of the known Zygoneura species in China is also provided, along with an identification key for males.
Filling a geographic gap: a new species of genus Lacronia Strand, 1942 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) from southern Brazil
Authors: CARVALHO RAFAEL N. , KURY ADRIANO B.
Published: August 2024

Despite the significant amount of systematic research on Gonyleptidae since its original description almost 200 years ago by Sundevall in 1833, there are still unresolved phylogenetic relationships that require further investigation. Current knowledge of the unranked clade DRMN (Gonyleptidae), consisting of Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 sensu stricto, Roeweriinae Carvalho & Kury, 2018, Mitobatinae Simon, 1879 and Neopachylinae Carvalho & Kury, 2020, has been advancing at strides. Recently, the genus Lacronia Strand, 1942, with species occurring along the south and southeastern Brazilian coast, underwent revision, resulting in keys and diagnoses for its species. In this article we describe Lacronia utaru sp. nov., a new species from Paraná State, which fills the supposed gap between previously discontinuous known occurrences of the genus. This new species is morphologically closer to the ‘not areolated Lacronia’ internal clade, especially to the type species Lacronia serripes (Mello-Leitão, 1923). Differences between L. serripes and L. utaru sp. nov. about the pattern of light-colored tubercles on the dorsal scutum are pointed out. Additionally, we present new records for two other species of Lacronia.
A new genus of Gyponini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Iassinae) with description of two new species from Brazil and key to genera of the Hecalapona complex
Authors: DOMAHOVSKI ALEXANDRE CRUZ , GONÇALVES CLAYTON CORRÊA , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA
Published: August 2024

Gracilipona gen. nov. is described and illustrated based on males and females of two new species from Brazil: G. tetrarama sp. nov. (type-species) from the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio Grande do Sul, and G. birama sp. nov. from Bahia State. The new genus differs from other genera of the Hecalapona complex as follows: antennal ledge extending anteriorly below anterior margin of crown, forming an arched carina that connects the antennal ledges medially; pronotum moderately declivous; forewing with extra crossveins on distal third; protibia with dorsal surface flattened but not expanded, with lateral margins carinate; aedeagus with dorsal apodemes strongly developed and divergent and shaft with lateral processes arising from basal third; ovipositor with valvulae expanded subapically; first valvula with dorsal sculptured area short, mostly strigate, areolate near dorsal margin; and second valvula with a few rounded denticles subapically on dorsal margin. An updated key to genera of the Hecalapona complex and a discussion comparing Gracilipona gen. nov. with other related genera are provided.
State of the Climate in 2023
Authors: Blunden J. , Boyer T.
Published: August 2024

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate in 2023 is a low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download.
Stronger Westerly Wind Bursts in a Warming Climate: The Effects of the Pacific Warming Pattern, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, and Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Liang Yu , Fedorov Alexey V.
Published: August 2024

Westerly wind bursts (WWBs) in the western–central equatorial Pacific are critical in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. Understanding how they may change with global warming has important implications for future projections of El Niño. In this study, we investigate how the enhanced eastern equatorial Pacific warming pattern, emerging in future climate projections, can influence WWB characteristics in an atmospheric general circulation model, CAM6. Changes in three main factors affecting WWBs—El Niño-conditions mean westerly wind stress anomalies, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), and tropical cyclones (TCs)—are analyzed. We find that during El Niño onset (December–April), the WWB wind stress intensity remains largely unchanged but WWBs shift westward by about 20° of longitude. In contrast, during El Niño development (May–November), the WWB intensity increases by 41% or 79% in two warming scenarios considered [shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP5-8.5) and SSP2-4.5, respectively], which is mainly caused by a higher frequency of TC occurrence in the central tropical Pacific within 15°N/S. Further, we find that westerly wind speed anomalies associated with El Niño and the MJO also increase during El Niño development. However, as trade winds weaken in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific, the mean strength of the resulting westerly wind stress anomalies does not change much, and no significant eastward shift of WWBs is observed. Thus, our atmospheric model simulations suggest a strong TC-driven increase in WWB wind stress anomalies during El Niño development and hence a more important role of TCs in WWB generation, which in a coupled system could lead to stronger ENSO events, enhanced TC–ENSO coupling, and even greater intensification of WWBs.
Anthropogenic Climate Change Will Intensify European Explosive Storms Analogous to Alex, Eunice, and Xynthia
Authors: Ginesta Mireia , Flaounas Emmanouil , Yiou Pascal , Faranda Davide
Published: August 2024

Extratropical storms, particularly explosive storms or “weather bombs” with exceptionally high deepening rates, present substantial risks and are susceptible to climate change. Individual storms may exhibit a complex and hardly detectable response to human-driven climate change because of the atmosphere’s chaotic nature and variability at the regional level. It is thus essential to understand changes in specific storms for building local resilience and advancing our overall comprehension of storm trends. To address this challenge, this study compares analogs—storms with a similar backward track until making landfall—in two climates of three explosive storms impacting different European locations: Alex (October 2020), Eunice (January 2022), and Xynthia (February 2010). We use a large ensemble dataset of 105 members from the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). These analogs are identified in two periods: the present-day climate (1991–2001) and a future climate scenario characterized by high anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions [representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), 2091–2101]. We evaluate future changes in the frequency of occurrence of the storms and intensity, as well as in meteorological hazards and the underlying dynamics. For all storms, our analysis reveals an increase in precipitation and wind severity over land associated with the explosive analogs in the future climate. These findings underscore the potential consequences of explosive storms modified by climate change and their subsequent hazards in various regions of Europe, offering evidence that can be used to prepare and enhance adaptation processes.

Significance Statement

This study investigates the impact of climate change on explosive storms, or weather bombs, and their potential consequences for European regions. We project future scenarios of three specific storms, Alex, Eunice, and Xynthia, using a state-of-the-art climate model. Our findings reveal an increase in precipitation and wind over land associated with these storms, emphasizing the heightened risks associated with climate change. The significance lies in understanding the local implications of explosive storms, aiding in the development of resilient strategies and adaptation measures.
Tropical Interbasin Interaction as Effective Predictors of Late-Spring Precipitation Variability in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Wang Simon S.-Y. , Chang Hsin-I. , Castro Christopher L.
Published: August 2024

The southern Great Plains experience fluctuating precipitation extremes that significantly impact agriculture and water management. Despite ongoing efforts to enhance forecast accuracy, the underlying causes of these climatic phenomena remain inadequately understood. This study elucidates the relative influence of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic basins on April–May–June precipitation variability in this region. Our partial ocean assimilation experiments using the Community Earth System Model unveil the prominent role of interbasin interaction, with the Pacific and Atlantic contributing approximately 70% and 30%, respectively, to these interbasin contrasts. Our statistical analyses suggest that these tropical interbasin contrasts could serve as a more reliable indicator for late-spring precipitation anomalies than El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The conclusions are reinforced by analyses of seven climate forecasting systems within the North American Multi-Model Ensemble, offering an optimistic outlook for enhancing real-time forecasting of late-spring precipitation in the southern plains. However, the current predictive skills of the interbasin contrasts across the prediction systems are hindered by the lower predictability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, pointing to the need for future research to refine climate prediction models further.

Significance Statement

Agriculture and infrastructure in the southern plains face challenges from severe late-spring precipitation extremes. Traditional predictors like El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) lose effectiveness during the critical spring-to-summer transition, creating a forecasting gap. This study introduces the concept of tropical interbasin interactions, known to enhance seasonal predictability for late-spring precipitation in the southern plains. Novel climate model experiments highlight contributions from the tropical Pacific and Atlantic, offering a promising predictability that potentially surpasses the limitations of ENSO-based predictions. These outcomes hold the potential for developing operational forecasts of late-spring precipitation anomalies in the southern plains, enabling proactive risk management.