bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ensilage Method to Energy Value of Maize Stover in Methane Fermentation Process and on Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Przybył Jacek , Wojcieszak Dawid , Garbowski Tomasz
Published: November 2024

The biogas and biomethane sectors are crucial for the European Union's energy transition. One strategy for achieving the EU's biogas and biomethane targets while reducing the use of agricultural land for energy feedstock production is to use alternative biomass streams. Such a stream are agricultural residues and by-products. A good example are crop residues after harvesting corn for grain, which are available in large quantities. Due to the fact that they are lignocellulosic biomass, they require pretreatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ensiling enhancers on the methane yield of corn stover silages. Corn stover, which was harvested using the same technology, was ensiled in the first variant with an ensiling enhancer preparation based on bacteria of the Lactobacillus plantarum strain (DSM 3676 and DSM 3677) and two strains of propionic acid bacteria (DSM 9676 and DSM 9677), in the second variant with a formulation whose active ingredients were sodium benzoate, propionic acid and sodium propionite, and in the third with a formulation based on lactic acid bacteria of the strain Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus Buchneri. The fourth variant was the control, that is, the material was ensiled naturally, without the ensiling enhancer preparation. The use of the ensiling enhancer, based on lactic acid bacteria of the Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus Buchneri strains, reduced carbon dioxide emissions per 1 GJ of silage energy potential in the biogas production process.
Plant-Based Antigen Production Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein and RBD, and Their Use for Detection of Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Takova Katerina , Tonova Valeria , Pishmisheva Maria , Kotsev Stanislav , Minkov Ivan , Mardanova Eugenia S. , Ravin Nikolai V. , Zahmanova Gergana
Published: November 2024

During the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the rapid development of efficient and sensitive serological tests for monitoring the dynamics of the disease as well as the immune response after illness or vaccination was critical. In this regard, low-cost and fast production of immunogenic antigens is essential for the rapid development of diagnostic serological kits. This study assessed the plant-based production of nucleoprotein (N) of SARS-CoV-2 and chimeric receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 presented by hepatitis E virus capsid (HEV/RBD) and validation of the plant-derived proteins as diagnostic antigens for serological tests. The hepatitis E virus capsid protein was used as a carrier of RBD because of its ability to be expressed in plants in huge amounts and spontaneously assemble into higher order structures stabilizing inserted foreign immunogenic peptides. The N and chimeric HEV/RBD were expressed in and extracted from Nicotiana benthamiana plants and purified through immobilized metal-anion chromatography (IMAC). The resulting protein yield of chimeric HEV/RBD protein reached 100 mg/kg fresh weight, and 30 mg/kg fresh weight for N protein. Mass photometry analysis revealed that the N protein mainly forms tetramers, for HEV/RBD, results suggest that the fusion protein is largely monomeric. The purified N protein and HEV-RBD protein were used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human sera. To validate the iELISA tests, a panel of 84 sera from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was used, and the results were compared to those obtained by another commercially available ELISA Kit (Dia.Pro D. B., Italy). The performance of an HEV/RBD in-hose ELISA showed a sensitivity of 89.58% (95% Cl: 75.23-95.37) and a specificity of 94.44% (95% Cl: 76.94-98.2). Double Recognition iELISA based on HEV/RBD and N protein is characterized by a lower sensitivity of 85.42% (95% Cl: 72.24-93.93), and specificity of 94.44% (95% Cl: 81.34-99.32) at cut-off = 0.154, compared with iELISA based on HEV/RBD. Our study confirms that the transiently expressed in plants N and fusion HEV/RBD proteins can be used to detect responses to SARS-CoV-2 in human sera reliably. Our research validates the commercial potential of using plants as an expression system for recombinant protein production and their application as diagnostic reagents for serological detection of infectious diseases, hence lowering the cost of diagnostic kits.
Role of Simulated Nannochloropsis gaditana Digests in Shap-ing Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acid Levels
Authors: Paterson Samuel , Majchrzak Marta , Gómez-Garre Dulcenombre , Ortega-Hernández Adriana , Sánchez-González Silvia , de la Fuente Miguel Ángel , Gómez-Cortés Pilar , Hernández-Ledesma Blanca
Published: November 2024

The connection between gut microbiota and factors like diet is crucial for maintaining intestinal balance, which in turn impacts the host's overall health. Nannochloropsis gaditana microalgae is a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, mainly known for its used in aquaculture and ex-traction of bioactive lipids, with potential health benefits whose effects on human gut microbio-ta are still unknown. Therefore, the goal of this work was to assess the impact N. gaditana on human gut microbiota composition and derived metabolites by combining the INFOGEST pro-tocol and in vitro colonic fermentation process to evaluate potential effects on human gut micro-biota conformation through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and its metabolic functionality. The re-sults have demonstrated the ability of the digests from N. gaditana to significantly modify gut microbiota composition, promoting an increase in beneficial bacterial genera such as Akkerman-sia, Butyricicoccus, Eisenbergiella, Lachnoclostridium, and Marvinbryantia in contrast to inulin after 48 h of colonic fermentation. Additionally, the digests increased the levels of both major and minor short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyric and valeric acids, considered as intestinal biomarkers, and increased ammonium production. This research has demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of N. gaditana microalgae as a sustainable agent for influencing the composi-tion and functionality of human gut microbiota.
Egyptian Novel Goose Parvovirus in Immune Organs of Naturally Infected Ducks: Next Generation Sequencing, Immunohistochemical Signals, and Comparative Analysis of Pathological Changes Using Multiple Correspondence and Hierarchical Clustering Approach
Authors: Lebdah Mohamed A. , Eid Amal A.M. , ElBakrey Reham M. , El-Gohary Abd Elgalil , Seadawy Mohamed G. , Mousa Mohamed R. , Gouda Hagar F. , Goda Nehal I. A. , El-Hosseny Mostafa F. , El-tahlawy Ahmed S. , Radhi Khadija S. , Khojah Ebtihal , Helal Sarah S.
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to better understand the nature of currently circulating GPV strains and their pathological impact on the immune system during natural outbreaks among different duck breeds in Egypt. For this purpose, 99 ducks (25 flocks) of different breeds, aged 14-75 days, were clinically examined, and 75 tissue pooled samples of immune organs (thymus, bursa, and spleen) were submitted for virus detection and identification. Clinical and postmortem findings were suggestive of GPV infection. Concerning immune organs, Atrophy in thymus (60.6%), bursa (45.5%), and spleen (38.3%) was the most common gross lesion. Microscopically, the negative impact of the virus on the immune organs was exhibited by a necrotic thymic cortex with Hassall's corpuscle disintegration, the disappearance of normal bursal histological morphology accompanied by atrophied follicles and lymphocytic depletion, and apoptosis of B-lymphocytes in lymphoid follicles of the spleen. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination revealed positive signals of the parvovirus detected in thymic lymphocytes in the cortex, bursa-dependent lymphoid follicle of the medulla, and diffuse positive expression of viral antigens in the spleen. GPV was detected in Pekin and Muscovy ducks using polymerase chain reaction, with the highest percentage detected in bursa (76%). Next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the detected virus was a variant of GPV, globally named Novel GPV (NGPV), and closely related to Chinese NGPV isolates. To our knowledge, the current study is pioneering to address the immunopathological impact of NGPV among naturally infected ducks confirmed with full genome sequencing and immunohistochemical identification worldwide.
Influence of Al and Cr on the Microstructure and Properties of AlxCr1-xCoFeNi High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Li Gang , Meng Xiangran , Geng Chunpin , Wang Chongshuo , Ren Haifang , Guo Xiaoying , Li Sinan , Tao Ying
Published: November 2024

The AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys are a novel structural material with wide application prospects. In order to investigate the influence of Al and Cr elements on the structure and properties of the alloys, AlxCr1-xCoFeNi (x=0.1, 0.2; 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) HEAs were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The microstructure and properties of the AlxCr1-xCoFeNi were analysed using XRD, SEM, EDS, electrochemical workstations, hardness measurement, friction and wear measurement, and room temperature compression measurement. The hardness and friction measurement results demonstrate that when x = 0.1, the crystal structure of Al0.1Cr0.9CoFeNi is composed of dual FCC phases and a trace of σ phase. With the increment of Al content, part of the FCC phase is transformed into BCC phase. When x=0.2~0.5, the alloy is composed of dual FCC phases, BCC phase and a trace σ phase. The Al0.5Cr0.5CoFeNi alloy exhibits the most favourable corrosion resistance, with a self-corrosion voltage of 0.202 V in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The hardness of alloy increases with the increasing of Al content. The Al0.5Cr0.5CoFeNi alloy exhibits the highest hardness value of 412.6 HV. At the initial stage of friction measurement, the wear mechanism of AlxCr1-xCoFeNi was adhesive wear. As the test time increased, oxide layers began to form on the surface of the alloy, resulting in a gradual increase in the coefficient of friction. At this stage, the wear mechanism was characterised by both adhesive and abrasive wear. Once the oxide layers and the wear processes reached dynamic equilibrium, the friction coefficient stabilised, and the wear mechanism transitioned to abrasive wear. Once the oxide layer and the wear process have reached dynamic equilibrium, the friction coefficient tends to stabilise gradually, and the wear mechanism is changed to abrasive wear. Al0.1Cr0.9CoFeNi has the smallest coefficient of friction of 0.513. Al0.5Cr0.5CoFeNi had the longest compression plateau and the greatest compression strain (59.7%) in the compression tests at room temperature.
Promotion of Environmental Sustainability by Applying LCA in Two Common Products: Implications of Material Selection in the Environmental Impact
Authors: Val Sonia , Lambán María Pilar
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) meth-odology. Two widely used products with the same functionality but different designs were se-lected for comparative analysis. SimaPro 9.6.0 software was used for the calculations and LCA of both assemblies and the analysis covered all phases of the life cycle, taking into account factors such as energy, materials and water consumption. The results allowed a comparison of the environ-mental impacts of the two assemblies, identifying the life cycle phases with the highest impact and the most relevant impact categories. Product design and materials used were found to have a significant impact. Applying the LCA methodology to the two mechanical assemblies identified opportunities for improvement in the design and manufacturing processes, with the aim of re-ducing the environmental impact and increasing the competitiveness of the products. By consid-ering the full life cycle of a product from the early design phases, more sustainable design and manufacturing decisions can be made, and by using this analysis, companies can develop more sustainable products and reduce costs.
Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission in COVID-19 Infected Pregnant Women Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mukhamediya Azamat , Arupzhanov Iliyar , Zollanvari Amin , Zhumambayeva Saule , Nadyrov Kamalzhan , Khamidullina Zaituna , Tazhibayeva Karina , Myrzabekova Aigul , Jaxalykova Kulyash , Terzic Milan , Bapayeva Gauri , Kulbayeva Saltanat , Abuova Gulzhan Narkenovna , Erezhepov Baktigali Aubayevich , Sarbalina Asselzhan , Sipenova Aigerim , Mukhtarova Kymbat , Ghahramany Ghazal , Sarria-Santamera Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background: The rapid onset of COVID-19 placed immense strain on many already overstretched healthcare systems. The unique physiological changes of pregnancy, amplified by the complex effects of COVID-19 in pregnant women, rendered prioritization of infected expectant mothers more challenging. This work aims to use state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to predict whether a COVID-19-infected pregnant woman will be admitted to ICU (Intensive Care Unit). Methods: A retrospective study using data from COVID-19 infected women admitted to 2 hospital 1 in Astana and 1 in Shymkent, Kazakhstan, from May to July 2021. The developed machine learning platform implements and compares the performance of eight binary classifiers including Gaussian naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, logistic regression with L2 regularization, random forest, AdaBoost, gradient boosting, eXtreme gradient boosting, and linear discriminant analysis. Results: Data from 1168 pregnant women with COVID-19 was analyzed. From them, 9.4% were admitted to ICU. Logistic regression with L2 regularization achieved the highest F1-score during the model selection phase while achieving an AUC of 0.84 on the test set during the evaluation stage. Furthermore, the feature importance analysis conducted by calculating Shapley Additive Explanation values points to leucocyte counts, C-reactive protein, pregnancy week, and eGFR and hemoglobin as the most important features for predicting ICU admission. Conclusion: The predictive model here obtained may be an efficient support tool for prioritizing care of COVID-19 infected pregnant women in clinical practice.
Therapeutic Potential of Oral Everolimus for Facial Angiofi-bromas in Pediatric Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case-Based Analysis of Efficacy
Authors: Imataka George , Mori Satoshi , Yui Kunio , Igawa Ken , Shiraishi Hideaki , Yoshihara Shigemi
Published: November 2024

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, leading to dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. This dysregulation results in the development of benign tumors across multiple organ systems and poses significant neurodevelopmental challenges. The clinical manifestations of TSC vary widely and include subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs), facial angiofibromas (FAs), and neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). mTOR inhibitors, notably everolimus, have become central to TSC management, with documented efficacy in reducing the sizes of SEGAs and AMLs and showing promise in addressing additional TSC-related symptoms. Case Presentation: We report the case of an 11-year-old male diagnosed with TSC, presenting with hallmark features including hypopigmented macules, early-onset infantile spasms, SEGA, and AMLs. Initial interventions included ACTH and sodium valproate for seizure management and minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy for SEGA reduction. At age 12, oral everolimus therapy was introduced to address both SEGA recurrence risk and ASD-related social deficits. Over the course of 24 weeks, a reduction in the size and erythema of the patient’s FAs was observed, alongside improvements in social engagement, suggesting potential added benefits of systemic mTOR inhibition beyond tumor control. Results: Treatment with everolimus over a 24-month period led to significant reductions in both FA and AML size, as well as measurable improvements in ASD-associated behaviors. Therapeutic drug monitoring maintained serum levels within the effective range, minimizing adverse effects and underscoring the tolerability and feasibility of long-term everolimus administration. Conclusion: This case underscores the efficacy of oral everolimus in reducing FA size in a pediatric TSC patient, with broader therapeutic benefits that support the potential of mTOR inhibition as a multi-targeted strategy for TSC management. Further studies are needed to explore the full range of applications and long-term impact of mTOR inhibitors in TSC care.
On the Origin of Information Dynamics in Early Life
Authors: Gatenby Robert , Gallaher Jill , Subramanian Hemachander , Hammarlund Emma , Whelan Christopher
Published: November 2024

We hypothesize that predictable variation in environmental conditions caused by day/night cycles create opportunities and hazards, initiating information dynamics central to life’s origin. Increased daytime temperatures accelerated key chemical reactions but caused separation of double stranded polynucleotides, leading to hydrolysis, particularly of single-stranded RNA. Daytime solar UV radiation promoted synthesis of organic molecules but caused broad damage to proto-cell macromolecules. We hypothesize inter-related, simultaneous adaptations to these hazards produced molecular dynamics necessary to store and use information. Self-replicating RNA heritably reduced hydrolysis of single strands after separation during warmer daytime promoted sequences that formed hairpin loops generating precursors to transfer RNA (tRNA). Proto-cell survival during daytime promoted selection for sequences in entrapped, self-replicating RNA that formed RNA-peptide hybrids capable of scavenging UV-induced free radicals or catalyzing melanin synthesis from tyrosine. We hypothesize these dynamics resulted in diurnal rhythms ubiquitous in extant life and provided precursors leading to RNA directed protein synthesis. Adaptation mitigating UV damage in early life led to homochirality and replacement of Na+ by K+ as the dominant mobile cytoplasmic cation. We conclude information dynamics emerged in early life through adaptations to predictably fluctuating opportunities and hazards during day/night cycles. These dynamics includes properties observed in extant life.
Research on Cam-Kalm Automatic Tracking Technology of Low, Slow and Small Target Based on Gm-APD LiDAR
Authors: Guo Dong fang , Qu Yan chen , Zhou Xin , Sun Jian feng , Yin Sheng wen , Lu Jie , Liu Feng
Published: November 2024

With the wide application of UAVs in modern intelligent warfare and civil fields, the demand for C-UAS technology is increasingly urgent. Traditional detection methods have many limitations in dealing with "low, slow, and small" targets. This paper presents a pure laser automatic tracking system based on Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD). Combining the target motion state prediction of the Kalman filter and the adaptive target tracking of Camshift, a Cam-Kalm algorithm is proposed to achieve high-precision and stable tracking of moving targets. The system also introduces two-dimensional Gaussian fitting and edge detection algorithms to automatically determine the target's center position and the tracking rectangular box, improving the automation of target tracking. The experimental results show that the system designed in this paper can effectively track UAVs in a 70 m laboratory environment and 3.07 km to 3.32 km long-distance scene and has low center positioning error and MSE. This technology provides a new solution for real-time tracking and ranging of long-distance UAVs, shows the potential of pure laser in long-distance "low-slow-small" target tracking, and provides essential technical support for C-UAS technology.
Características clínico, epidemiológicas y terapéuticas en pacientes con osteogénesis imperfecta en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, Lima, entre el periodo 2010-2021
Authors:   , Alayza Barba Andres Alberto , Matos Meza Paloma Valeria
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La osteogénesis imperfecta (OI) es una enfermedad genética que altera la síntesis de colágeno y que se caracteriza por una elevada debilidad ósea. Su incidencia mundial es de 1/10 000 personas. El diagnóstico es principalmente clínico-radiológico. El tratamiento requiere principalmente el uso de bifosfonatos y en ocasiones cirugías ortopédicas. Métodos: Este estudio es descriptivo y retrospectivo. Fueron incluidos todos los pacientes con menos de 18 años que tenían el diagnóstico de OI atendidos en el Servicio de Genética del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Breña (INSN) entre los años 2010 y 2021, mediante la revisión de historias clínicas. Se clasificó según la clasificación de grado de severidad (Van Dijk) y según la escala de severidad (Aglan). Se determinó las frecuencias absolutas y relativas, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, así como un análisis bivariado (kruskall wallis y regresión lineal simple) Resultados: En total, se estudiaron 91 pacientes con OI, de los cuales más de la mitad fueron del sexo masculino. 93,4% tenían antecedentes de fracturas, 72,5% escleras azules, 39,6% piernas arqueadas y 20,9% dentinogénesis imperfecta. El valor mínimo-máximo de fracturas fue de 0-18. El 75,8% de pacientes inició un tratamiento con bifosfonatos y 41,8% utilizo medicamentos coadyuvantes. Menos del 50% de pacientes requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La osteogénesis imperfecta es una patología crónica, el uso del grado de severidad de Van Dijk y la escala de severidad de Aglan es de aplicación sencilla, los cuales mejoran en clasificar el grupo de mayor riesgo de fracturas y la respuesta al tratamiento.
Study On The Biomechanical Properties Of Rabbit Venous Arterialization
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Zhang Yuhao , Niu Pei , Zhang Zhimin , Niu Xiaolong , Shen Wenzeng , Hao Liangchao , Zhou Yujuan , Liu Fulin
Published: November 2024

Objective. To investigate the mechanisms underlying restenosis following coronary artery bypass grafting using bridging veins.
Design. We established an external jugular vein bypass grafting model using rabbit carotid arteries and conducted vascular biomechanical experiments (pressurisation and stretching).
Place & duration of study. Our research was conducted at the Medical Animal Experiment Center of Hebei University (From 1/6/2018 to 31/12/2023).
Methodology. We established a rabbit model of venous arterialisation, by transplanting veins into the arterial system as bridging vessels and investigated vessel tensile mechanical and histomorphological properties.
Results. Control vein elasticity (k = 16.20) was less than that of the control artery (k = 58.04; P < 0.05), and vein walls were thinner. Following venous arterialisation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and alpha-actin were upregulated and vein walls thickened (P < 0.05), with elasticity after venous arterialisation (k = 86.26) significantly higher than that of control veins (P < 0.05).
Conclusion.This indicates that venous intima is damaged by high pressure following arterialisation, resulting in gradual restenosis, with thickening of the venous intima and an increase in vessel elasticity. Clinically, there is potential to repeat these experiments to determine the elastic extremum of the great saphenous vein and control the pressure in the lumen of this vessel, to ensure minimal damage to the intima before anastomosis, thereby facilitating improvement of long-term patency rates following vein bridge surgery. Whether the increase in venous bridge elasticity after venous arterialisation can be controlled, with the aim of preventing early-stage restenosis, warrants investigation.
WITHDRAWN: Thangka Image Caption Generation Method Combining Multi-scale and Multi-level Aggregation
Authors: YUE Chaoyang , Hu Wenjin , Zhang Fujun , Shi Xinyue
Published: November 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors in order to comply with an institutional policy on preprints. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference.
Improving the Working Efficiency of a Heavy-Duty Metal Cutting Machine Through Closed-Loop Feedback
Authors: Altwiab Mohammed Khamis Mohammed
Published: November 2024

The aim of this project is to improve the functionality and reliability of the HACO Hydraulic Guillotine Shear (Model PS 2532), widely employed in manufacturing and maintenance workshops. The primary issue addressed was the frequent machine malfunctions caused by erroneous data entry, which resulted in damage to the hydraulic components. To resolve this issue, an ultrasonic thickness gauge sensor was integrated into the machine's control system, with the objective of automating and optimizing the cutting process. A comparative analysis was performed on mechanical, capacitive, inductive, laser, and ultrasonic sensors, with the ultrasonic sensor chosen due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of integration, and high accuracy. Laboratory testing was conducted using a sample control panel to evaluate the sensor's calibration, sensitivity, repeatability, linearity, and reproducibility. The sensor achieved an accuracy of ± 0.05 mm with an uncertainty of 0.02 mm. A programmable logic controller (PLC) was utilized to design the control logic, ensuring precise sensor readings and machine operation. The integration of the ultrasonic sensor resulted in a 15% improvement in operational efficiency and a notable reduction in manual errors. This project presents a thorough approach to enhancing the performance of metal cutting machines through sensor integration, offering a clear framework for improving accuracy and productivity in industrial cutting processes.
Application of fluorescence i-motif DNA silver nanocluster sensor to visualize endogenous reactive oxygen species in plant cells
Authors: Oh Young Kyoung , Yadavalli Hari Chandana , Ryu Moon Young , Shah Pratik , Oh Tae Rin , Choi Suk Won , Cho Seok Keun , Kim Yun Ju , Kim Jong Hum , Yang Seong Wook
Published: November 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial in plant growth, defense, and stress responses, making them vital for improving crop resilience. Various ROS sensing methods for plants have been developed to detect ROS in vitro and in vivo. However, each method comes its own advantages and disadvantages, leading to an increasing demand for a simple and effective sensory system for ROS detection in plants. Here, we introduce novel DNA silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs) sensors for visualizing ROS in plants. Two sensors, C20/AgNCs and FAM-C20/AgNCs-Cy5, detect intracellular ROS signaling in response to stimuli such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and bacterial peptide elicitor flg22. Notably, FAM-C20/AgNCs-Cy5 exceeds the sensing capabilities of HyPer7, a widely recognized ROS sensor. Taken together, we suggest that fluorescent i-motif DNA/AgNCs system is an effective tool for visualizing ROS signals in plant cells. This advancement is important to advancing our understanding of ROS-mediated processes in plant biology.
Effect of antipsychotic on mismatch negativity amplitude and evoked theta power in drug- naïve patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Xiong Yan-Bing , Bo Qi-Jing , Li Xian-Bin , Liu Yi , Guo Qi-BO , Wang Chuan-Yue
Published: November 2024

Background
Recurrent observations have indicated the presence of deficits in mismatch negativity (MMN) among schizophrenia. There is evidence suggesting a correlation between increased dopaminergic activity and reduced MMN amplitude, but there is no consensus on whether antipsychotic medications can improve MMN deficit in schizophrenia.
Methods
We conducted clinical assessments, cognitive function tests, and EEG data collection and analysis on 31 drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Comprehensive evaluation tools such as PANSS and MCCB. MMN amplitude was analyzed by event-related potential (ERP) approaches, evoked theta power was analyzed by event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) approaches.
Results
Our findings indicate that antipsychotic treatment significantly improved clinical symptoms, as evidenced by reductions in PANSS positive, negative, general symptoms, and total scores (all p < 0.001). Cognitive function improvements were observed in language learning, working memory, and overall MCCB scores (p < 0.05), although other cognitive domains showed no significant changes. However, no significant improvements were noted in MMN amplitude and evoke theta power after four weeks of antipsychotic treatment (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
These results suggest that while antipsychotic medications effectively alleviate clinical symptoms, their impact on MMN amplitude and evoke theta power deficit is limited in the short term. Moreover, the amelioration of cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia is not readily discernible, and it cannot be discounted that the enhancement observed in language acquisition and working memory may be attributed to a learning effect. These findings underscore the complexity of the neurobiological mechanisms involved and highlight the need for further research to optimize individualized treatment strategies for schizophrenia.
Clinical features and risk factors of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in interstitial lung disease patients
Authors: Liu Yin , Su Xin , Cao Min , Jiang Hanyi , Zhao Tingting , He Jian , Qi Rongfeng , Xiao Yonglong
Published: November 2024

Background
The prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is steadily increasing, leading to high mortality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical features and risk factors of IPA in patients with ILD.
Methods
353 hospitalized ILD patients admitted in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from March 2023 and April 2024 were enrolled. The enrolled patients were divided into the IPA group (proven and probable IPA) and non-IPA group, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared between the two groups.
Results
Among 353 patients with ILD, 58 who suffered from IPA were identified. Among them, 2 (3.4%) episodes of proven IPA and 56 (96.6%) of probable IPA were diagnosed. The median age was 68.4 ± 8.6 years, and 35 patients were men. The forms of ILD included idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 21), interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (n = 13), rheumatoid arthritis related interstitial pneumonia (n = 11) and Sjögren′s syndrome (n = 4). The clinical features of IPA in ILD were cough (100.0%), dyspnea (93.1%) and fever (55.2%). Chest CT images showed traction bronchiectasis (84.5%), GGO (77.6%), honeycombing (69.0%), consolidation (44.8%) and pleural effusion (24.1%). The incidence of honeycombing and consolidation were higher in ILD patients with IPA compared to control group (P < 0.05). The main pathogens were A. fumigatus (50.0%) and A. flavus (29.3%). Following the diagnosis of IPA, all patients were treated with antifungal drugs. The overall survival rate after 90 days was 74.1%. Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that lymphopenia (OR = 2.745, 95% CI 1.344–5.607) and honeycombing (OR = 2.915, 95% CI 1.429–5.949) were the risk factors of ILD with IPA (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
IPA is one of the major complications of ILD and its prognosis is poor. Lymphopenia and honeycombing increased the risk of IPA in ILD patients.
The first eco-assessment of phytoplankton assemblages associated with environmental conditions of different lakes in the Western Black Sea basin of Türkiye
Authors: Çelekli Abuzer
Published: November 2024

Lakes play a vital role in supporting biodiversity, providing water resources, regulating climate, cycling nutrients, and offering recreational opportunities. Despite their importance for environmental health and human well-being, lakes face significant pressures in the Anthropocene era. The present work seeks to assess the species-environment interactions and the ecological status of six lakes in the Western Black Sea basin of Türkiye utilizing phytoplankton metrics during wet and dry periods. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed a significant correlation equal to 98.5% between phytoplankton species and environmental stressors during two hydrological periods. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and temperature were the most influential environmental factors affecting phytoplankton distribution in lakes (p=0.002). Lake Sarıkum, a brackish habitat, was under high EC and pH pressure and is characterized by pollution-tolerant species. Lake Yeniçağa associated with TOC is characterized by some species, such as Anabaenopsis milleri, Chroococcus turgidus, Pseudoschroederia robusta, Aphanocapsa sp., Merismopedia glauca, Micractinium quadrisetum, and Microcystis aeruginosa. Lake Abant is located on the opposite side of EC, TOC, and temperature, which was associated with some species such as Cymbella affinis, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Encyonema minutum, E. silesiacum, and Dinobryon divergens. Results of the phyto-assessment displayed that the ecological status (ES) of the sampling stations during the rainy and dry periods varied from bad to high. The modified phytoplankton trophic index (MPTI) exhibited that a moderate ES was found in Lakes Sarıkum and Yeniçağa, while others had a good ES. The present study conﬁrmed that phytoplankton communities are strongly linked to the ecological status of lakes in the Western Black Sea basin, which could be assessed using the MPTI.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Delirium Prediction, Diagnosis, and Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lv Sirui , Li Jianqiang , He Hang , Zhao Qing , Jiang Yinan
Published: November 2024

Delirium is a prevalent, acute, and reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome in elderly populations, notable for its high incidence and mortality rates, both of which impose a substantial burden on patient outcomes and healthcare systems. Currently, the detection of delirium primarily depends on clinical assessments performed by physicians, which poses challenges for less experienced clinicians in early identification of the condition. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to analyze large-scale data from delirium patients enables the identification and quantification of relevant delirium markers, thereby effectively assisting clinicians in the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of patient status. However, existing reviews on AI in the field of delirium exhibit several limitations, particularly regarding the comprehensive classification of existing studies. Current reviews often focus on a single type of data and often lack a systematic analysis of studies by data type. Most clinical models for delirium rely on electronic medical records, though physiological time-series data and imaging features also offer crucial biomarkers for the identification of delirium. This paper offers an overview of the medical foundation and recent technological advancements in delirium, aiming to establish a theoretical framework for novices. It systematically reviews the prediction, diagnosis, and management of delirium from a multisource data perspective, enumerates relevant data sources and public databases, and examines various AI models used in this field, along with their advantages and limitations. Finally, this review addresses the challenges and emerging trends of AI in delirium, with the aim of elucidating key directions for future research and development.
Molecular characterization of the histopathological growth patterns of colorectal cancer liver metastases by RNA sequencing of targeted samples at the tumor-liver interface
Authors: Latacz Emily , Verheul Sanne ML , Sillis Yasmine , Dam Pieter-Jan , Doukas Michail , Grunhagen Dirk J , Nyström Hanna , Dirix Piet , Dirix Luc , Laere Steven , Verhoef Cornelis , Vermeulen Peter
Published: November 2024

The behaviour of metastases in patients with liver-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is still not adequately considered during treatment planning. However, studies in large cohorts have shown that the disease course in these patients depends on the histopathological growth pattern (HGP) of the liver metastases, with the desmoplastic (or encapsulated) pattern responsible for a favourable outcome and the replacement pattern for an unfavourable course. To increase our knowledge of cancer biology in general as well as to design clinical trials that take into account the diverse behaviour of liver metastases, it is necessary to know the cellular and molecular determinants of these growth patterns. For that purpose, we compared the transcriptome of tumour tissue (n = 57) sampled very precisely at the transition of metastasis and adjacent liver, between the desmoplastic and replacement HGP. In addition, the mutational profiles for 46 genes related to CRC were extracted from the RNA sequencing reads. First, we show that the genetic constitution of a liver metastasis from colorectal cancer does not determine its HGP. Second, we show clear differences between HGPs regarding the expression of genes belonging to the Molecular Signatures Database hallmark gene sets. Biological themes of the replacement HGP reflect cancer cell proliferation and glucose metabolism, while the desmoplastic HGP is characterized by inflammation and immune response, and angiogenesis. This study supports the view that HGPs are a reflection of the biology of CRC liver metastases and suggests the HGPs are driven epigenetically rather than by specific gene mutations.
Dynamic Distribution of Scattered Radiation in a CT Room, Utilizing a Semiconductor Survey Meter
Authors: Kobayashi Masanao , Suzuki Juria , Nishihara Yusei , Haba Tomonobu , Yuta Matsunaga , Asada Yasuki , Kobayashi Shigeki
Published: November 2024

The relationship between radiation exposure risk and infection control has not been adequately addressed. Consequently, there is no clear guidance on whether personnel involved in transporting infectious disease patients or radiological technologists who position patients should stay in the imaging room to prevent the spread of infection or evacuate to avoid radiation exposure. This study aimed to assess the temporal changes in the scattered radiation dose within the imaging room. In this study, a semiconductor survey meter was used to measure changes in the scattered radiation dose over time. The results allowed for the visualization of changes in scattered radiation dose over time as dynamic dose distributions (DDD). Unlike traditional dose assessments based on instantaneous measurements with a survey meter or cumulative doses with optically simulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters, DDD elucidated the effects of tube current fluctuations and patient bed positioning on the scattered radiation intensity. These findings offer valuable for reviewing the behavior of medical staff who stay in the imaging room for infection control and provide important evidence for reducing radiation exposure.
The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of porous titanium dioxide , a derivative of Mil-125 (Ti), was improved by using lignin-based carbon quantum
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhu XuDong , Yan Hong
Published: November 2024

Carbon points in lignin were prepared by hydrothermal method at 180 ℃ for 12 h. Carbon points with diameters of 1-5 nm were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The prepared lignin carbon point solution was put into the synthesis system of Mil-125(Ti) derivative porous titanium dioxide (M-TiO2) with 10, 15 and 20 mL, respectively, at 150 ℃ and 48 h to obtain CQDs/M-TiO2 composite photocatalyst series. Through a series of characterization and analysis of its structure and morphology, it is proved that the carbon point is successfully recombined with Mil-125(Ti) derivative porous titanium dioxide (M-TiO2). Through ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared diffuse reflection and flat band potential analysis, we determined that CQDs can improve the light absorption range of porous titanium dioxide (M-TiO2), a derivative of Mil-125(Ti), and calculated the band structure of the material. It is proved that CQDs and Mil-125(Ti) derivative porous titanium dioxide(M-TiO2) constitute a type Ⅰ heterojunction. Photoelectrochemical analysis shows that CQDs/M-TiO2 composite catalyst has better separation and transport efficiency than M-TiO2 photogenerated electrons and holes. The photocatalytic hydrogen production activity test at a wavelength of > 380 nm showed that the hydrogen production rate of CQDs-15/M-TiO2 composite reached 6715 umol/h·g, which was 5.6 times that of M-TiO2 alone (1200 μmol/h·g).
WITHDRAWN: SMILE and ICL implantation on the ocular surface and meibomian glands in patients with postoperative myopia
Authors: Yao Juan , Feng Jianghong , Li Weijie , Liu Chang , Li Yanlei , Wang Xiaoying
Published: November 2024

Background
Objectively compare the changes in ocular surface parameters in myopic patients who have undergone either SMILE or Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL V4c) surgery.
Methods
This prospective cohort study enrolled 32 patients (64 eyes) undergoing SMILE surgery and 35 patients (70 eyes) receiving ICL V4c intraocular lenses. Examinations were performed at preoperative, 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month postoperative time points. The assessments included Schirmer’s I Test (SIt), First Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (First-NIBUT), Average Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (Average-NIBUT), Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, conjunctival congestion score, meibomian gland loss score, lipid layer analysis score, lid margin opening detection score, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score.
Results
Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that SIT, TMH, and First-NIBUT initially decreased and then increased. At three months, SIT levels in the SMILE group were significantly lower than those in the ICL group. From the first month onward, TMH levels in the SMILE group remained significantly lower than those in the ICL group (P < 0.05). OSDI scores initially rose and then fell, with the SMILE group consistently showing higher OSDI levels than the ICL group. Conjunctival congestion scores in the SMILE group fluctuated less, while the ICL group exhibited a clear downward trend, with significant differences starting from the first week (P < 0.05). Over time, scores for meibomian gland loss, lipid layer analysis, and eyelid margin opening detection were all higher in the SMILE group compared to the ICL group.
Conclusions
SMILE surgery has a more pronounced and prolonged impact on the ocular surface and meibomian gland function compared to ICL implantation.
Radiogenomics and Machine Learning Predict Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma
Authors: Ahanger Abdul Basit , Aalam Syed Wajid , Masoodi Tariq Ahmad , Shah Asma , Khan Meraj Alam , Bhat Ajaz A. , Assad Assif , MACHA MUZAFAR A. , Bhat Muzafar Rasool
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor associated with a poor patient prognosis. Despite standard therapies, the survival rate remains low, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Advanced imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play a crucial role in assessing GBM. Disruptions in various oncogenic signalling pathways, such as Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)-Ras-Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, Phosphoinositide 3- Kinases (PI3Ks), tumour protein p53 (TP53), and Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (NOTCH), contribute to the development of different tumour types, each exhibiting distinct morphological and phenotypic features that can be observed at a microscopic level. However, identifying genetic abnormalities for targeted therapy often requires invasive procedures, prompting exploration into non-invasive approaches like radiogenomics. This study explores the utility of radiogenomics and machine learning (ML) in predicting these oncogenic signaling pathways in GBM patients. Data from MRI scans and signaling pathways were collected, radiomic features were extracted, and ML models were trained and evaluated using cross-validation techniques. Our results showed a positive association between most signalling pathways and the radiomic features derived from MRI scans. The best models achieved high AUC scores, namely 0.7 for RTK-RAS, 0.8 for PI3K, 0.75 for TP53, and 0.4 for NOTCH, and therefore demonstrated the potential of ML models in accurately predicting oncogenic signaling pathways from radiomic features, thereby informing personalized therapeutic approaches and improving patient outcomes. We present a novel approach for the non-invasive prediction of deregulation in oncogenic signaling pathways in glioblastoma (GBM) by integrating radiogenomic data with machine learning (ML) models. This research contributes to the advancement of precision medicine in GBM management, highlighting the importance of integrating radiomics with genomic data to better understand tumor behavior and treatment response.
Beyond Analgesia: Repurposing NSAIDs as a Novel Strategy in Antivenom Therapy against Naja nigricollis Envenomation
Authors: Hassan Lawal Gusau , Jega Amina Yusuf , Salihu Mustapha
Published: November 2024

Objective
This study aimed to explore the potential of repurposing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as antisnake venom agents using experimental and computational approaches.
Data Description
Virtual screening of 20 NSAIDs alongside Varespladib was conducted to obtain three top-scoring drugs (celecoxib, ketorolac, and ketoprofen); the antisnake venom efficacy of the three NSAIDs was evaluated using a combination of in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches. In vivo and ex vivo experiments in mice, demonstrated that all three drugs exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antisnake venom activity against Naja nigricollis venom in a dose-dependent manner. Ketorolac provided complete protection with a 100% survival rate at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, while celecoxib and ketoprofen showed survival rates ranging from 25–75%. The standard antivenom (ASV) also achieved a 100% survival rate at 0.6 mg/mL. Ex vivo results mirrored these findings, with ketorolac showing the highest survival rate (100%) and celecoxib exhibiting the lowest (50%). In vitro, the drugs demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) phospholipase A2 enzyme (PLA2) inhibition, with ketorolac achieving 96.65–99.86% inhibition at 1–0.0125 mg/mL. Molecular docking studies further supported these findings, revealing favorable binding affinities and interactions with key amino acid residues implicated in envenomation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that NSAIDs, particularly ketorolac, hold promise as potential antivenom therapies against Naja nigricollis envenomation, warranting further investigation in clinical studies.
A Hybrid Approach to Bangla Handwritten OCR: Combining YOLO and an Advanced CNN
Authors: Maung Aye , Salekin Sumaiya , Haque Mohammad A.
Published: November 2024

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) plays an important role in automatic data entry from handwritten forms into digital systems. However, there is a gap in the research on the development of OCR techniques for handwritten texts in complex languages such as Bangla. Complexities in Bangla writing arise from the presence of modifiers, compound characters, and diacritic marks. Our research focuses on developing a scalable and effective method for handwritten documents in Bangla that addresses the complexities of word images. The pipeline uses the YOLO (You Only Look Once) model to isolate characters, including base alphabets, consonant conjuncts and characters with modifiers(matras), from word images and a Deep Learning model for character recognition. The hybrid model proved to be highly accurate in identifying characters from more complex sets and different penmanship styles. In addition, the resilience of the system was enhanced using a Word2Vec-anchored spelling correction technology.