bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insertion and removal torque of dental implants placed using different drilling protocols: An experimental study on artificial bone substitutes
Authors: Romeo Davide , Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Barmak Abdul Basir , Agliardi Enrico , Lo Russo Lucio , Ercoli Carlo
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The aim of this in vitro study was to measure the insertion and removal torque values of dental implant replicas inserted into artificial bone blocks using different surgical burs and drilling protocols.

Materials and methods

Four types of artificial, polyurethane bone blocks were used with different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) and densities (soft‐1 mm, soft‐2 mm, dense‐1 mm, and dense‐2 mm) of the simulated cortical and cancellous bone, respectively. Each bone construct was drilled with Straumann and Densah drills in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions for a total of 16 experimental conditions. For every scenario, 38 implant replicas were inserted and then removed after 1 min. Outcomes of interest were the insertion and removal torque values which were recorded by a torque meter. ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used to assess differences across each combination of drill, direction, and bone type.

Results

Densah counterclockwise registered statistically greater values for both insertion and removal torque, followed by Densah clockwise, Straumann counterclockwise, and Straumann clockwise. Increasing insertion and removal torque values were progressively reported for bone type (soft‐1 mm, dense‐1 mm, soft‐2 mm, and dense‐2 mm). The mean values of insertion and removal torque were significantly different (p < 0.05) across the four bone types, different burs, and with the two drilling modalities.

Conclusions

Densah bur resulted in significantly greater values of torque compared to the Straumann drills for all the experimental conditions. The thickness of the cortical layer and the counterclockwise drilling direction play a significant role in determining the implant insertion torque.
Type 1 diabetes management responsibilities between adolescents with T1D and their parents: An integrative review
Authors: Farthing Pamela , Bally Jill , Rennie Donna C. , Dietrich Leurer Marie , Holtslander Lorraine , Nour Munier A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Diabetes self‐management for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful consideration of a supportive or shared approach to care. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding the nature of adolescent−parent interactions and relationships in the context of T1D management. Of particular interest was the role of interdependence in this relationship.

Methods

An integrative review of the literature was conducted between January 2021 and April 2021 using Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodological strategies.

Results

Eleven studies published between 2003 and 2018 met the review criteria. Thematic analysis identified the following three themes related to parent−adolescent relationships in care including the Effectiveness of Parental Involvement and T1D Management, Shared Responsibility and T1D Task Management, and Gaining Independence in T1D Management. This review highlights the importance of both parent and adolescent shared involvement in T1D management. In particular, parental involvement appears necessary for improved glycemic control, better adherence to the T1D management regime, and for practicing self‐management in adolescents with T1D.

Practice Implications

Better understanding of the parent−child interaction in diabetes care will provide important information to aid family nurses to identify, support, and help maintain the sharing of T1D management responsibilities between parents and their adolescents.
Analysis of the correlation between mesocarp biomechanics and its cell turgor pressure: A combined FEM‐DEM investigation for irrigation‐caused tomato cracking
Authors: Li Dongdong , Liu Ying , Fadiji Tobi , Li Zhiguo , Okasha Mahmoud
Published: September 2022

Fruit mesocarp cracking caused by improper irrigation during development manifests at the macroscale but is ultimately the result of increasing cell turgor pressure at the microscale. Hence, a cell finite element (FE) model including shape, protoplast turgor pressure, and ripening information and a mesocarp tissue block discrete element (DE) model including the features of cell shape and number, were developed to predict the biomechanical correlation between mesocarp and its cell. The validated cell FE model with an internal turgor pressure of 12.9 kPa could reproduce the experimental force–deformation behavior of a single cell in compression up to 11% deformation with an average relative error of 5.8%. The validated mesocarp tissue block DE model could reproduce the experimental force–deformation behavior of a mesocarp block in compression up to 20% deformation with an average relative error of 9.5%. Sensitivity and regression analysis showed that turgor pressure was the most important factor affecting cell biomechanics, followed by cell shape and wall elastic modulus. Similarly, the apparent elastic modulus of the cells has the most significant effect on the mesocarp tissue biomechanics, followed by the number and shape of cells. Finally, a mathematical model was obtained to quantitatively describe the relationship between the elastic modulus of the mesocarp and its cell turgor pressure. This study contributes to a better understanding of the biomechanical mechanisms of irrigation‐caused tomato fruit cracking at the cellular level and the development of strategies to prevent fruit cracking through a combination of gene breeding and irrigation management.
Morphological variation in the common lancehead populations: Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic patterns
Authors: Siqueira L. H. C. , Piantoni C. , Marques O. A. V.
Published: September 2022

The common lancehead Bothrops jararaca is widespread in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The species is known to show a marked sexual dimorphism pattern, with the female being larger than the male. However, most efforts in clarifying morphological variation between the sexes are often focused on a single population. In this paper, we investigate how sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic trajectories vary among populations as well as the ontogenetic trajectories of B. jararaca. We analyzed 211 specimens from a coastal and a highland population and measured 17 morphological traits, including linear and meristic characteristics, and the analysis revealed a clear but variable effect of sex and population. Females were larger than males in all evaluated populations. Furthermore, females in the coastal population were generally smaller than in the highland population but had significantly more scales. Widespread species often experience differential environmental pressures even in terms of biotic and abiotic factors. We attribute the results found herein to specificities in prey availability and climatic conditions which affect the ontogenetic pattern between the sexes and the populations, resulting in specific sexual dimorphism patterns.
Social acceleration, alienation, and resonance: Hartmut Rosa's writings applied to nursing
Authors: López‐Deflory Camelia , Perron Amélie , Miró‐Bonet Margalida
Published: September 2022

This article aims to present the life and work of German thinker Hartmut Rosa as a philosopher of interest for nursing. Although his theoretical framework remains fairly unknown in the nursing domain, its main key concepts open up a philosophical and sociological approach that can contribute to the understanding of a wide range of study phenomena related to nurses, nursing, and healthcare. The concepts of social acceleration, alienation, and resonance are useful to explore healthcare organizations' performance by bringing the time dimension of modernity to the center; to grasp nurses' experiences of caring for patients; and to understand nurses as agents endowed with the capacity to deploy their political agency to create alternative forms of relationship to themselves, to others, and the world, challenging the institutional order of healthcare organizations when it fails to resonate with their professional ethos. In this article, we propose Hartmut Rosa's theoretical framework as a new and inspiring phenomenological and critical lens that should be further explored to advance knowledge concerning phenomena that are found at the crossroads of the nursing domain and other fields of knowledge.
Macadamia nut‐specific IgE levels for predicting anaphylaxis
Authors: Kubota Kei , Nagakura Ken‐ichi , Itonaga Takaaki , Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro , Yanagida Noriyuki
Published: September 2022

Background

Despite the high risk of anaphylaxis in patients with a macadamia nut allergy (MdA), little is known about the significance of macadamia nut‐specific immunoglobulin E (Md‐sIgE). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the utility of Md‐sIgE for predicting anaphylaxis.

Methods

Children with suspected MdA who visited our hospital were included. MdA was defined as either failing the 3‐g macadamia nut (Md) oral food challenge (OFC) or confirming obvious immediate symptoms following Md ingestion. Non‐MdA was defined as passing the 3‐g Md OFC.

Results

A total of 41 children (29 [71%] males) with a median age of 7.7 years were included. The median Md‐sIgE level was 2.23 kUA/L. Among the 21 children diagnosed with MdA, eight and 13 children did (An group) and did not (non‐An group) develop anaphylaxis. Twenty children were included in the non‐MdA group. The Md‐sIgE level was significantly higher in the An group relative to the others (7.97 vs. 1.92 kUA/L, p < .001). Furthermore, the Md‐sIgE level was significantly higher in the An group than in the non‐An group (7.97 vs. 1.92 kUA/L, p = .02). However, there was no significant difference in the Md‐sIgE between the non‐An and non‐MdA groups (1.92 vs. 1.90 kUA/L, p > .99). The area under the curve for predicting anaphylaxis in Md‐sIgE was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.83–1.00), and the optimal cut‐off value was 3.76 kUA/L.

Conclusion

Md‐sIgE levels were useful in predicting anaphylaxis. Above the cut‐off value, we emphasize paying careful attention to the risk of anaphylaxis.
Risk heatmaps as visual displays: Opening movie studios after the COVID‐19 shutdown
Authors: Rodriguez Victor L. , Fischhoff Baruch , Davis Alexander L.
Published: September 2022

Upon shutting down operations in early 2020 due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the movie industry assembled teams of experts to help develop guidelines for returning to operation. It resulted in a joint report, The Safe Way Forward, which was created in consultation with union members and provided the basis for negotiations with the studios. A centerpiece of the report was a set of heatmaps displaying SARS‐CoV‐2 risks for a shoot, as a function of testing rate, community infection prevalence, community transmission rate (R0), and risk measure (either expected number of cases or probability of at least one case). We develop and demonstrate a methodology for evaluating such complex displays, in terms of how well they inform potential users, in this case, workers deciding whether the risks of a shoot are acceptable. We ask whether individuals making hypothetical return‐to‐work decisions can (a) read display entries, (b) compare display entries, and (c) make inferences based on display entries. Generally speaking, respondents recruited through the Amazon MTurk platform could interpret the display information accurately and make coherent decisions, suggesting that heatmaps can communicate complex risks to lay audiences. Although these heatmaps were created for practical, rather than theoretical, purposes, these results provide partial support for theoretical accounts of visual information processing and identify challenges in applying them to complex settings.
Trust and consequences: Role of community science, perceptions, values, and environmental justice in risk communication
Authors: Burger Joanna
Published: September 2022

Risk communication is often viewed as imparting information and perhaps as a two‐way dialogue. Risk communication inadequacies on the part of both “communicator” and “community members” can lead to adverse consequences and amplify environmental justice disparities. The paper suggests a transformational approach where risk communicators must learn to trust community experts and their knowledge base (and act upon it), where risk information imparted by risk communicators addresses what communities are most concerned about (as well as risk from specific chemicals or radionuclides), and where risk information and assessments address underlying issues and disparities, as well as cultural traditions (among others). Providing risk probabilities is no longer sufficient; western science may not be enough, and community and native scientific knowledge is needed. Risk communication (or information transfer) for environmental risks that are ongoing usually applies to low‐income, minority communities—people living in dense inner cities, rural communities, Native American communities—or to people living near a risky facility. Communication within this context requires mutual trust, listening and respect, as well as acceptance of indigenous and community knowledge as equally valuable. Examples are given to illustrate a community perspective.
Climate change knowledge influences attitude to mitigation via efficacy beliefs
Authors: Hurst Loo Aliza M. , Walker Benjamin R.
Published: September 2022

Theories proposing climate change apathy is explained by inadequate knowledge do not account for why many informed and concerned Americans fail to act. While correlations between knowledge, efficacy for climate change, and attitude to mitigation have been observed, few studies have examined efficacy for climate change as a mediator. This study aimed to investigate the influence of specific climate change knowledge on attitude to mitigation via efficacy beliefs. A cross‐sectional survey of 205 US adults recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk assessed participants’ climate change knowledge, efficacy for climate change, and attitude to mitigation. Indirect effects of self‐efficacy for climate change were observed in three mediation models, suggesting efficacy for climate change explains some of the relationship between specific climate change knowledge and attitude to mitigation. The findings suggest risk communication can motivate pro‐environmental attitudes with interventions that deliver information about climate change and develop efficacy for mitigation behavior.
The dynamic nature of risk in DOE facilities in the surveillance and maintenance program–with observations for risk communications
Authors: Harkema Megan E. , Krahn Steven L. , Mayer Henry J.
Published: September 2022

We explore three case studies of facilities at two US Department of Energy (DOE) former nuclear weapons research and production sites—the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Hanford site—whose risk profiles have changed during their long‐term management under the DOE's surveillance and maintenance (S&M) program. These case studies provide examples of the challenges faced in communicating to external stakeholders, such as federal and state regulators, local communities surrounding the site, as well as the general public, the circumstances surrounding unexpected events or the emergence/discovery of new risk‐important information at historically high‐risk sites. We identify common topics of importance from these case studies and suggest a taxonomy for risk communicators to use in informing the dialogues with individuals and organizations that may not be technically oriented or fully informed on the subject matter. The taxonomy is based on technical insights from the quintessential definition of risk known as the Kaplan–Garrick “risk triplet” as well as insights from regulatory guidance documents on risk communication with external stakeholders originally developed for the commercial nuclear power industry.
Strategic communication as planned behavior for science and risk communication: A theory‐based approach to studying communicator choice
Authors: Besley John C. , Dudo Anthony
Published: September 2022

This essay argues that we should treat science and risk communicators’ choices about tactics, objectives, and goals as behaviors to advance both research and practice. Doing so allows for a discussion about how to use theories about behavior change and trust‐building to help foster more strategic communication choices. The essay also seeks to anticipate and respond to potential arguments against using behavior change theories to encourage more strategic communication choices. We argue that it is possible to use behavior change tactics ethically if those tactics are aimed at increasing the likelihood that all participants in communication—including decisions makers like risk scientists—meaningfully engage with true, relevant information. Under the right conditions, such engagement is what should allow for the development of new knowledge, as well as a range of evidence‐based evaluative beliefs, feelings, and frames. Being strategic when making choices about communication should also help with identifying situations in which justice, equity, diversity, or inclusion issues require additional attention. The essay concludes by noting that the difficulty of efficient and effective science and risk communication may require increased emphasis on getting experts such as scientists to collaborate with expert communication advisors. It may also be necessary to increase the capacity of science‐ and risk‐focused communication practitioners.
Contradictory effects of technological change across developed countries
Authors: Blien Uwe , Ludewig Oliver , Rossen Anja
Published: September 2022

Will productivity gains lead to technological unemployment in a region or to new prosperity? In our article, we formally show that under general assumptions the price elasticity of demand on product markets is decisive: technological change leads to employment growth if product demand is elastic and it leads to employment decline if product demand is inelastic. In our empirical analysis, we use industry‐level time series data on output, prices, employment, wages, and national income for nine countries (including Germany, UK, USA) to estimate aggregate Marshallian product demand functions based on IV regressions and state space models with time‐varying coefficients. The resulting income and price elasticities are used as inputs in a second step in which we estimate the employment effects of productivity changes as interactions with the elasticities. The results correspond to theoretical expectations: demand is generally inelastic and the employment effect of technological progress is therefore moderately negative.
Assessing the Structural Integrity of Plasma-Sprayed Multilayer Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Adam Marcel , Kontermann Christian , Oechsner Matthias
Published: September 2022

The majority of lifetime models associate the failure of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to oxidation of the bond coat (BC). A thickening of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) leads to a conversion of stresses at the undulated ceramic-metal interface, supporting the propagation of existing microcracks. However, in plasma-sprayed multilayer TBCs consisting of gadolinium zirconate (GZO) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) a shift of the failure site from the ceramic-metal interface to the GZO-YSZ interface has been observed. Thus, an exclusively oxide-based formulation is not sufficient to describe the damage transition phenomena. Therefore, this paper outlines a mechanism-based approach for assessing the structural integrity, considering all relevant thermally activated processes as well as the interaction between thermal and elastic misfits. Oxidation of BC, creep of composite materials and sintering of ceramics are modeled in terms of temperature and exposure time. Finite element analysis of GZO-YSZ pairings with different microstructures reveal a strong influence of the initial porosities on the sintering behavior and thus on the resulting mechanical stresses and potential crack driving forces at the bimaterial interfaces.
Two new species of Flagellozetes (Cosmogalumna) (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) from Sibuyan Island, Philippines, with a key to known species of the genus
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Corpuz-Raros Leonila
Published: September 2022

Two new species of the genus Flagellozetes (Oribatida, Galumnidae)—F. (Cosmogalumna) naredoi sp. nov. and F. (C.) sibuyanensis sp. nov.—are described from soil and leaf litter above decomposing log in Mount Guiting-guiting Natural Park on Sibuyan Island, Philippines. An identification key to the known species/subspecies of Flagellozetes is presented.
Materials adding to knowledge of ptyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) in Poland
Authors: Wojciech Niedbała , Jerzy Błoszyk
Published: September 2022

This article presents a species new to science called Phthiracarus paraferrugineus sp. nov., which was recorded in the nature reserve Cisy Staropolskie im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego in Wierzchlas. The authors also give information about new sites of occurrence and comments about the morphology of some species rarely found in Poland—Paratritia baloghi Moritz, 1966 (second record in Poland) and Euphthiracarus reticulatus (Berlese, 1913)—as well as several more common species (Phthiracarus bryobius Jacot, 1930, Phthiracarus clavatus Parry, 1979, Phthiracarus compressus Jacot, 1930, Phthiracarus longulus C.L. Koch, 1841, Phthiracarus nitens Nicolet, 1855). The article also contains a description of a previously unknown developmental stage—the tritonymph of Acrotritia duplicata (Grandjejan, 1953).
Prey requirement and development of a predatory mite under diet restriction: Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae)
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhang Keshi , Xu Yun , Zhang Zhi-Qiang
Published: September 2022

Phenotypic plasticity is a mechanism where different phenotypes are expressed from a genotype allowing individuals to survive variable environments. Diet-induced phenotypic plasticity was observed in the developmental time and size at maturity of the specialist predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. As a preliminary study, we investigated variations in developmental time and size at maturity of P. persimilis under intermediate diet restriction of 10 and 20 spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) eggs using enclosed rearing cells. Analysis of covariance using consumption as a covariate showed no difference in the developmental time of P. persimilis between the different prey densities. Additionally, the size at maturity of P. persimilis given different prey densities was similar from the Wilcoxon rank sum test. However, when given 20 prey eggs, a relatively high variation was found in the consumption rate of both female and male P. persimilis. The findings of this study are essential for designing our later studies on the influence of diet restriction and lifespan of P. persimilis. This study also expands our understanding of the viability and adaptability of P. persimilis under food stress.
Phenomenology at the large hadron collider with deep learning: the case of vector-like quarks decaying to light jets
Authors: Freitas Felipe F. , Gonçalves João , Morais António P. , Pasechnik Roman
Published: September 2022

In this work, we continue our exploration of TeV-scale vector-like fermion signatures inspired by a Grand Unification scenario based on the trinification gauge group. A particular focus is given to pair-production topologies of vector-like quarks (VLQs) at the LHC, in a multi-jet plus a charged lepton and a missing energy signature. We employ Deep Learning methods and techniques based in evolutive algorithms that optimize hyper-parameters in the neural network construction, whose objective is to maximise the Asimov estimate for distinct VLQ masses. In this article, we consider the implications of an innovative approach by simultaneously combining detector images (also known as jet images) and tabular data containing kinematic information from the final states. With this technique we are able to exclude VLQs, that are specific for the considered model, up to a mass of 800 GeV in both the high-luminosity the Run-III phases of the LHC programme.
Innovation and Reform of Ideological and Political Course Mode in Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data Network Platform
Authors: Qiu Dandan
Published: September 2022

With the continuous development of the computer field, the Internet has become the main way of education in today’s era. The development of computer technology and big data has brought innovation and opportunities to the teaching mode of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Due to the dynamic change of big data, there are many difficulties in the establishment of ideological and political course models in colleges and universities. This paper studies the innovation of ideological and political course modes in colleges and universities on the network platform under the background of big data. This paper mainly compares the traditional teaching mode and explores the formal modeling method of network platform education. The discrete dynamic modeling technology of the complex system is used to model the formal process of online education. Then, it carries out nonlinear prediction modeling for the operation efficiency and traffic change of the network platform under the big data environment and uses dynamic modeling to predict the learning effect of college students’ ideological and political course mode. The results show that the formal method of education under dynamic modeling can improve the defects of traditional teaching and give full play to the advantages of network platform teaching. Improving the teaching mode of network platform can improve students’ learning efficiency. Finally, in the dynamic model prediction, the problem of big data affecting the model results is improved, and the accuracy of the prediction model is improved.
Effect of Coal Water Slurry Gasification Slag on Soil Water Physical Characteristics and Properties in Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement
Authors: Yin Chunyan , Zhao Ju , Liu Xiaoyu , Yu Zhiguang , Liu Hu
Published: September 2022

To explore the effect of coal water slurry (CWS) gasification slag on the soil water physical characteristics of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Basin of Inner Mongolia, CWS gasification coarse slag (GCS) and gasification fine slag (GFS) were used as improvement materials and mixed with saline-alkali soil in different proportions. The influence mechanism of GCS and GFS on saline-alkali soil water holding capacity was investigated by measuring particle size composition, water holding capacity, and the change in the soil water characteristic curve after mixing. The results showed that adding gasification slag improved the particle size composition of saline-alkali soil, with sand content increased by -3.79%~217.31% and clay and silt content decreased by 5.77%~56.50% and -0.38%~41.53%, respectively. Soil bulk density decreased significantly (

P
<
0.05

), with a decrease range of 15.17%~45.1%. The soil texture changed from silty loam to sandy loam, and the water retention performance improved, affecting the soil saturated water content, capillary water holding capacity, and field water holding capacity (

P
<
0.05

), with increases ranging from 20.75%~86.15%, 7.84%~27.81%, and -1.89%~34.56%, respectively. After adding GCS and GFS, the VG model fit the soil water characteristic curve of saline-alkali soil well, indicating that the addition of gasification slag enhanced soil water retention significantly. In conclusion, CWS gasification slag effectively improved the water physical properties of saline-alkali soil and significantly enhanced the water retention and water holding capabilities.
A Note on the Signed Clique Domination Numbers of Graphs
Authors: Xu Baogen , Lan Ting , Zheng Mengmeng
Published: September 2022

Let G = (V, E) be a graph. A function f : E⟶{−1, +1} is said to be a signed clique dominating function (SCDF) of G if ∑e∈E(K)f(e) ≥ 1 holds for every nontrivial clique K in G. The signed clique domination number of G is defined as . In this paper, we investigate the signed clique domination numbers of join of graphs. We correct two wrong results reported by Ao et al. (2014) and Ao et al. (2015) and determine the exact values of the signed clique domination numbers of and Cm∨Kn.
Compact Thomson Scattering Source Based on a Mixed Injection Assisted
Laser Wakefield Accelerator
Authors: Tan Fang , Zhang Xiao Hui , Zhu Bin , Li Gang , Wu Yu Chi , Yu Ming Hai , Yang Yue , Yan Yong Hong , Fan Wei , Dong Ke Gong , Lu Feng , Zhang Tian Kui , Gu Yu Qiu , Zhao Yongtao
Published: September 2022

In order to establish a compact all-optical Thomson scattering source,
experimental studies were conducted on the 45 TW Ti: sapphire laser
facility. By including a steel wafer, mixed gas, and plasma mirror into a
double-exit jet, several mechanisms, such as shock-assisted ionization
injection, ionization injection, and driving laser reflection, were
integrated into one source. So, the source of complexity was remarkably
reduced. Electron bunches with central energy fluctuating from 90 to 160 MeV
can be produced. Plasma mirrors were used to reflect the driving laser. The
scattering of the reflected laser on the electron bunches led to the
generation of X-ray photons. Through comparing the X-ray spots under
different experimental conditions, it is confirmed that the X-ray photons
are generated by Thomson scattering. For further application, the energy
spectra and source size of the Thomson scattering source were measured. The
unfolded spectrum contains a large amount of low-energy photons besides a
peak near 67 keV. Through importing the electron energy spectrum into the
Monte Carlo simulation code, the different contributions of the photons with
small and large emitting angles can be used to explain the origin of the
unfolded spectrum. The maximum photon energy extended to about 500 keV. The
total photon production was 107/pulse. The FWHM source
size was about 12 μm.
Fucosyltransferase 4 Predicts Patient Outcome in Rectal Cancer through an Immune Microenvironment-Mediated Multi-Mechanism
Authors: Lv Chengqian , Luo Kunpeng , Liu Shuqiang
Published: September 2022

Colorectal cancer is the most common type of gastrointestinal malignant tumors worldwide. Standardization of the strategy for the precise treatment of this cancer has been a major challenge. Enrichment analysis of six gene groups (colon cancer-specific genes (upregulated and downregulated); rectal cancer-specific genes (upregulated and downregulated); and common genes (upregulated and downregulated)) revealed the common and specific features of colon and rectal cancer, particularly a hyperactive immune response in rectal cancer. Key common genes exhibited a similar expression pattern, but were associated with distinct patient prognosis in colon and rectal cancer. FUT4 was a core regulatory gene in rectal cancer; it can decrease the level of infiltration by M2 macrophages in the tumor immune microenvironment and participate in the positive regulation of the immune system and glycoprotein biosynthetic process, thereby affecting the outcome of patients with rectal cancer. FUT4 co-expression genes can influence patient’s survival time by regulating the cell cycle. Among the regulators of FUT4 co-expression genes, checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) was linked to patient outcome.
The College English Teacher Behavior and Teaching Effect Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Ling Jiang , Jianhua Liu , Haijie Wang , Li Zhang
Published: September 2022

In order to explore the correlation between college English teacher behavior and teaching effects, this paper applies data mining technology to related research. Moreover, this paper uses Bloom Filter to represent the efficiency of insert queries and space usage of dynamic data sets and designs a multichannel balanced matrix Bloom Filter. In addition, this paper uses the longest prefix matching filling algorithm when selecting the element insertion position in multiple candidate Bloom Filters, and uses this algorithm to process the college teacher behavior and teaching effect data. Finally, this paper combines investigation and experiment to conduct research. Through the investigation, it can be seen that the teaching behavior of college English teachers will have a certain impact on students, and the positive behavior of teachers can effectively improve the teaching effect, which can be used as a reference for the formulation of subsequent teaching plans.
Comprehensive Multiomics Analysis Identified IQGAP3 as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Pan-Cancer
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Zhou Xiao , Li Yuanyuan , Zhao Min , Zou Yiming , Lu Qicheng , Wu Yugang
Published: September 2022

Background. IQGAP3 has important function in cancer progression and has become a potential therapeutic target as a transmembrane protein. But its role in tumor immunity and pan-cancer was not systematically investigated. This study evaluated the potential role of IQGAP3 and clinical significance in pan-cancer through combined multiomics analysis. Methods. From Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, transcriptomic datasets were first obtained, and from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), expression profiling microarray data were acquired and integrated to systematically assess the expression differences and prognostic relevance of IQGAP3 in pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemical data were obtained from Human Protein Atlas (HPA) to assess IQGAP3 protein expression differences, and exome data from TCGA were used to analyze IQGAP3 expression in relation to tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and mutation. Additionally, we also analyzed the relationship between IQGAP3 expression and immune checkpoints, mismatch repair (MMR), and IQGAP3 relationship with methylation and copy number variation based on expression profiles. Results. Microsatellite instability (MSI), immune checkpoints, mismatch repair (MMR), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) all closely interacted with IQGAP3 mRNA. In addition, detailed relationships between the immune microenvironment and IQGAP3 mRNA as well as immune cell CD4+ Th2 and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were determined. Mechanistically, IQGAP3 was involved in cytoskeleton formation, T cell receptor signaling pathways, DNA damage, cell cycle, P53 pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Conclusion. IQGAP3 could serve as an effective prognostic biomarker for pan-cancer immune-related therapy.
Navigational Bronchoscopy with Cryobiopsy for Diagnosis of ILD
Authors: Figueroa Rodriguez Fernando , Ghauri Asfar , Abdo Tony , Daouk Salim , Barbara Shideler , Youness Houssein A.
Published: September 2022

Background. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of parenchymal pulmonary diseases in which pathologic diagnosis is essential. Although cryobiopsy has a high diagnostic yield, the complication rate remains high. Case Presentation. We report two cases of lung cryobiopsy guided by navigational bronchoscopy (LCB) for the diagnosis of ILD. In both cases, a CT chest angiogram (CTA) using a navigational protocol was performed. Targets were premarked and reached with the navigational system. Radial ultrasound (RU) was applied in combination with fluoroscopy guidance (FG) prior to sampling. Both patients achieved a final diagnosis; they were discharged home after procedure and no complications were noted. Discussion. By using a CTA with navigational guidance, we were able to perform cryobiopsy in areas with most disease activity and least vascularization. Conclusion. LCB used with navigational guidance for the diagnosis of ILD provides may be a safe and effective procedure that provides high diagnostic yield. Limitations include cost, availability, and expertise. Larger trials are needed to confirm the additional benefit.
A Study on the Fuzzy Rule Hunting Strategy of Multiple Unmanned Vehicles Based on the Improved Artificial Potential Field Method
Authors: Zhang Lanyong , He Kun , Tian Yuru
Published: September 2022

A multiple unmanned vehicle hunting strategy based on the improved artificial potential field method is designed to solve the multiple unmanned vehicle cooperative hunting problem in complex environments. First, the decision layer is designed based on the fuzzy inference system to achieve the stage division and selection of the corresponding strategies. Subsequently, the improved repulsive field function for variable safety distance is designed according to the relative velocity and angle between the unmanned vehicle and the obstacle, to achieve efficient obstacle avoidance of the unmanned vehicle during hunting. Then, a hunting strategy comprising the consistent state, obstacle avoidance, and control costs is designed to obtain the time-optimal path of the unmanned vehicle and achieve fast target hunting by minimizing this cost function. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed hunting strategy is verified via simulations and experiments and then compared with other hunting strategies. Accordingly, it is inferred that the hunting strategy designed in this study improves the efficiency of hunting by 12.97%, in addition to ensuring the obstacle avoidance effect.
A Review of the Development Status of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Chen Xiaoxuan , Shang Xin , Zhou Zirong , Chen Sheng-Gui
Published: September 2022

The WAAM molding process is complex, and the morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the printed parts are affected by multiple factors. In this study, the heat input in the process of WAAM research has made the comprehensive elaboration. The numerical simulation method is used to simulate the molten pool in the process of WAAM, and the force, heat transfer, and velocity of the molten pool are analyzed. Path planning is also an important part of WAAM research, and there are many methods for additive manufacturing path planning, all of which are aimed at improving the dimensional accuracy and performance of the printed parts. Reasonable path planning can also be used for additive components with complex shapes and structures. This study comprehensively expounds on the research on WAAM path planning by scholars in recent years.
Effects of Diffusion Film Hole Exit Area on the Film Cooling Effectiveness
Authors: Yang Fan , Taslim Mohammad E.
Published: September 2022

One popular method for the protection of gas turbines’ hot sections from high-temperature combustor gases is film cooling. Substantial amounts of research have been conducted to accomplish this task with the minimum cooling flow, maximum surface coverage, and minimal aerodynamic inefficiencies or structural penalties. In this study, a combined experimental and numerical investigation was conducted on three selected film-cooling hole geometries. These geometries were designed with the same initial metering (feed) section, a cylindrical hole of 30° inclination angle, followed by three different forward expansion section geometries. The expansion sections had a 7° laid-back angle and a 17° expansion angle in each lateral direction. However, different interior corner radii were used to blend the metering hole to the exit area, creating three different expansion geometries with almost the same exit areas. In practice, this variation in expansion geometry could represent manufacturing faults or tolerances in laser drilling of the film holes. This study shows that the variations in film-cooling effectiveness are not significant even though the expansion geometries are significantly different. The Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique was used to obtain the detailed distribution of film-cooling effectiveness on the surface area downstream of these film holes. Adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was measured at blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. CFD models of these film holes were also run, and the results were compared with the test data. The major conclusions of this study were that these proposed new geometries produced higher film effectiveness than the conventional 7°-7°-7° diffusion film holes, for the same exit area, the expansion section geometry of the film holes did not have a significant effect on the film coverage, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the test data.
Asymptotical Stability of Riemann‐Liouville Nonlinear Fractional Neutral Neural Networks with Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Korkmaz Erdal , Ozdemir Abdulhamit , Yildirim Kenan
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the asymptotic stability of solutions is investigated for a class of nonlinear fractional neutral neural networks with time‐dependent delays which are unbounded. By constructing the appropriate Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of neural networks are obtained with the help of LMI. An example is presented by using the LMI Toolbox to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Meta-Analysis of Alterations in Regulatory T Cells’ Frequency and Suppressive Capacity in Patients with Vitiligo
Authors: Giri Prashant S. , Mistry Jahanvi , Dwivedi Mitesh
Published: September 2022

Vitiligo is a noncontagious autoimmune skin depigmenting disease. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in maintaining peripheral tolerance; however, Tregs’ number, suppressive function, and associated suppressive molecules (FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β) are found to be reduced in vitiligo patients. Although, the role of Tregs in vitiligo pathogenesis is well established, there are several contrary findings which suggest a controversial role of Tregs in vitiligo. Therefore, to clarify the role of Tregs in vitiligo pathogenesis, we aimed to study Tregs’ frequency, suppressive capacity, and associated suppressive molecules (FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β) in vitiligo patients through meta-analysis approach. A total of 30 studies involving 1223 vitiligo patients and 1109 controls were included in the study. Pooled results from our meta-analysis suggested significantly reduced Treg cells’ frequency in vitiligo patients (p=0.002). Interestingly, Tregs’ suppressive capacity was also significantly reduced in vitiligo patients (p=0.0002); specifically, Treg-mediated suppression of CD8+T cells was impaired in vitiligo patients (p<0.00001). Moreover, FOXP3, a key Tregs’ transcription factor, was significantly reduced in blood and skin of vitiligo patients (p<0.00001). Intriguingly, the FOXP3 expression was significantly reduced in the lesional skin as compared to perilesional and nonlesional skin (p=0.007andp=0.04). Furthermore, the expression of key Treg-associated suppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly reduced in vitiligo patients (p=0.0005andp=0.01). The disease activity-based analysis suggested for reduced Tregs’ frequency and FOXP3 expression in active vitiligo patients (p=0.05andp=0.01). We also studied the effect of microRNA-based treatment, narrow band–UVB phototherapy, and Treg-associated treatments on Tregs’ frequency, FOXP3, and IL-10 expression. Interestingly, we found increased Tregs’ frequency, FOXP3, and IL-10 expression after the treatment (p=0.007,p<0.0001, andp=0.002). Overall, our meta-analysis suggests that the Tregs play a crucial role in pathogenesis and progression of vitiligo, and hence, Treg-based therapeutic interventions could be effective in vitiligo patients.
Comparison of Phrasal Verbs and Idioms of Verb: A Corpus-Based Study between CLEC and Brown
Authors: Zhang Ning
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes the use of verb, phrasal verbs, and idioms represented by the verb keep employed by Chinese non-English major students as well as by native speakers by way of corpora comparison and Contrastive Analysis. The corpora in this paper involve the English native speaker corpus (Brown) and the subcorpora St3 (non-English major Band 4) and St4 (non-English major Band 6) in the Chinese English Learner Corpus (CLEC). This thesis analyzes the use of phrasal verbs and idioms of verb keep which is commonly used by Chinese non-English major learners. The instruments employed in this thesis are Antconc, SPSS, Microsoft Excel, and so on. In addition, through corpora comparison and contrastive analysis, this paper contributes to explore whether Chinese learners’ grasp of phrasal verbs and idioms of verb keep will get improvement as their English level develops. This research findings show that Chinese non-English majors’ use of phrasal verbs and idioms of keep is far less plentiful than that of native speakers. The Chinese learners are liable to use only a small portion of keep phrasal verbs and idioms compared with the native speakers. Nevertheless, with the development of Chinese learners’ English proficiency, their employment of keep phrasal verbs and idioms is getting much closer to that of the native speakers. Based on the above research, this paper also puts forward some teaching suggestions for verbs like keep. Some pedagogical implications are drawn on EFL teaching and learning. Microlecture videos can be employed for online and offline teaching, which is quite popular nowadays. The first five keep phrasal verbs should be attached great importance. As for keep idioms, the first six keep idioms should be emphasized. Some example sentences and related exercises can be involved. Students are also encouraged to use mind map during vocabulary learning.
Efficacy and Risk Factors of Pyrrotinib in Second- and Third-Line Treatments for HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Huang Yuxia , Yang Zhen , Yang Yang , Wei Fenfen , Yan Min , Li Fanfan
Published: September 2022

A study to examine the efficacy and risk factors associated with pyrrotinib in the second- and third-line treatment of advanced breast cancer with Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- (HER2-) positive cells was conducted. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed as the primary endpoint, and the objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety were secondary endpoints. Across all the patients, the ORR was 48.57%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 94.29%. In the follow-up period, the median PFS was 15 months, and second-line treatment had significantly longer PFS than third-line treatment (

P
=
0.027

). The OS among all the patients was up to 28 months, but the median OS has not yet been reached. Diarrhea (69.57%) was the most important AE, mainly in grades 1 and 2. According to the COX regression analysis, brain metastasis was a risk factor for PFS, while second-line treatment and capecitabine chemotherapy were relevant to a longer PFS correlation among patients. In the second- and third-line treatment, pyrrotinib is still highly effective and safe. Pyrrotinib is a potential ideal salvage treatment plan for patients who failed in first-line treatments.