bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Natural Amino Acid‐Derived Pyrroles with CF3‐Substituted Cyclic Imines.
Authors: Shmatova Olga I. , Shevchenko Nikolay E. , Balenkova Elizabeth S. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: July 2013

The reaction of natural amino acid‐derived pyrroles of type (I) with CF3‐substituted cyclic imines of type (II) proceeds selectively at the β‐position of the pyrrole moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: An Eco‐Benign and Highly Efficient Access to 3‐Heterocyclic‐Substituted Isoindolinones in Ammonia Water.
Authors: Shen Shao‐Chun , Sun Xing‐Wen , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: July 2013

Title compounds (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) are prepared via three‐component reaction of 2‐formyl benzoic acid (II), ammonia, and coumarin (I)/(IV) or indole derivatives (VI)/(VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: KHSO4‐Assisted Michael Addition—Elimination Reactions of Indole with 3‐Dimethylamino‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones in Water: An Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Novel 3‐Indolylchalcones.
Authors: Devi A. Satyapati , Helissey P. , Nongkhlaw R. L. , Vishwakarma Jai N.
Published: July 2013

The KHSO4‐assisted Michael addition‐elimination reaction of indoles of type (I) with (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short, Novel, and Practical Synthesis of 3‐Alkenylated Indoles.
Authors: Kargar Mojgan , Hekmatshoar Rahim , Mostashari Abdol Jalil
Published: July 2013

The alkenylation of 2‐methylindole (I) and indole (VI) via acid‐mediated Michael addition‐elimination reaction with (II) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Copper Catalyzed Nitrogenation of Biphenyl Halides: A Direct Approach to Carbazoles.
Authors: Ou Yang , Jiao Ning
Published: July 2013

A novel method is reported for the synthesis of carbazoles (II) from biphenyl halides (I) and sodium azide in the presence of a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst prepared from cuprous iodide and Amberlyst A‐21 resin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di‐ and Tri‐Substituted Imidazole‐4‐carboxylates via PBu3‐Mediated [3 + 2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Hsu Mei‐Yuan , Dietrich Justin , Hulme Christopher , Shaw Arthur Y.
Published: July 2013

of Δ2‐oxazoline generated in situ from amidoacetic acids (I) and cyanoformate (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trialkyl‐8‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)glycolurils.
Authors: Kravchenko Angelina N. , Strelenko Yuri A.
Published: July 2013

Four title compounds are prepared under phase‐transfer conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Multistep Divergent Synthesis of Benzimidazole Linked Benzoxazole/Benzothiazole via Copper Catalyzed Domino Annulation.
Authors: Liao Jen‐Yu , Selvaraju Manikandan , Chen Chih‐Hau , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: July 2013

Benzimidazole linked ortho‐chloroamines (I), synthesized from 4‐fluoro‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid, react with various acid chlorides (II) and isothiocyanates (IV) forming ortho‐chloro anilides or thioureas, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Approach Toward Chiral [3.3.1]‐Bicyclic Ketals Using 2‐Hydroxyphenylboronic Acid as a Pro‐Bis(nucleophile).
Authors: Wang Feijun , Chen Feng , Qu Mingliang , Li Teng , Liu Yunlong , Shi Min
Published: July 2013

The first enantioselective synthesis of title compounds (III), (V) and (VII) by a Pd‐catalyzed cascade reaction employing a 2‐hydroxyphenyl Pd‐complex as a bis(nucleophile) generated in situ via transmetallation of boronic acid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Chromone Derivatives and Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Evaluation.
Authors: Abdel Ghani Sherif B. , Mugisha Patrick J. , Wilcox Juliet C. , Gado Emad A. M. , Medu Erere O. , Lamb Andew J. , Brown Richard C. D.
Published: July 2013

The title compounds (III) are obtained in one‐pot via esterification of 2‐hydroxyacetophenones (I) with various aliphatic or aromatic acid chlorides (II) and subsequent Baker—Venkataraman rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn‐Catalyzed Aromatic C—H Alkenylation with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Zhou Bingwei , Chen Hui , Wang Congyang
Published: July 2013

This is the first manganese‐catalyzed C—H alkenylation with terminal alkynes to yield E‐configurated olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Piperidin‐4‐ones Starting from 2‐(2‐Bromo‐1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐azetidines and 2‐(2‐Mesyloxyethyl)azetidines Through a Ring Expansion—Oxidation Protocol.
Authors: Mollet Karen , D'hooghe Matthias , Broeckx Leen , Danneels Barbara , Desmet Tom , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: July 2013

For the first time the full conversion of functionalized azetidines into piperidin‐4‐ones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Photochromism, and Effects of Metal Ions on Fluorescence of Dithienylethenes Containing Imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline.
Authors: Li Sisi , Li Ziyong , Huang Shuyuan , Yin Jun , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: July 2013

The photochromism of the title compounds (III) indicates that they can easily isomerize between ring‐open and ring‐closed isomers upon irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light in CH2Cl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazo and Benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Double C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Iwasaki Takanori , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: July 2013

The presented method describes a novel rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cross‐coupling reaction via double C‐H bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective C2‐Arylation of Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Macdonald Jonathan , Oldfield Victoria , Bavetsias Vassilios , Blagg Julian
Published: July 2013

An efficient C2‐functionalization via direct C‐H arylation of N3‐Mem‐protected imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Aza‐Prins Cyclization: Metal‐Free Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Hexahydrobenzo[f]isoquinolines.
Authors: Figueiredo Carlos A. M. , Reddy K. R. Kishore K. , Monteiro Paula A. , de Carvalho Joao E. , Ruiz Ana L. T. G. , Silva Luiz F. Jr.
Published: July 2013

Reaction of the homoallylic amine derivative (I) with different aldehydes produces the title compounds generally as mixtures of diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Nano (ZnO—TiO2) Catalyzed Synthesis of Some New 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐6‐( (5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)methyl)thieno[2,3‐c]pyridine as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Dharmadhikari Priyanka P. , Chouthe Rashmi S. , Fatema Bibi , Lad Vishal , Karande Vikram , Darandale Sunil N. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: July 2013

Among the title compounds synthesized, derivatives (IIIb), (IIId), (IIIe), and (IIIg) show promising antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phthalazinones via Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative C—H/C—H Cross‐Coupling of N′‐Methylenebenzohydrazides.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Tomaru Yuki , Matsuda Yoshiya
Published: July 2013

The reaction is significantly sensitive to both electronic and steric effects and only applicable to hydrazide substrates; the cyclization fails without carbonyl function.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7H‐Thiopyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines by Hydrobromic Acid‐Mediated Cyclization of 1‐[4‐(1,1‐Dimethylethylsulfanyl)pyrimidin‐5‐yl]prop‐2‐en‐1‐ols.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Suzuki Teruhiko , Imaoka Ayumi , Hiyoshi Hidetaka , Umezu Kazuto
Published: July 2013

An efficient three‐step procedure is elaborated for the synthesis of thiopyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines (VI) starting from chloropyrimidine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Diazepine Derivatives Using Terminal Alkynes in the Presence of Silica‐Supported Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.
Authors: Maleki Ali
Published: July 2013

The synthesis of a magnetically recoverable Fe3O4 material is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Halogenation of Biginelli Compounds of Salicyladehyde.
Authors: Patra Gopal C. , Bhunia Sankar C. , Roy Monoj K. , Pal Sudhir C.
Published: July 2013

The bromination of the non‐bridged (I) or bridged (V) Biginelli compounds of salicylaldehyde is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Four‐Membered Bissilylene‐Linked Bisamidines.
Authors: Mao Jian‐Wei , Wang Tao , Liu Rui‐Qin , Bai Sheng‐Di , Guo Jian‐Ping , Liu Dian‐Sheng
Published: July 2013

Two four‐membered bissilylene‐linked bisamidines of type (V) are prepared from lithium complexes (I) obtained from primary amines in four steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Phosphonation of Aryl Halides in Neat Water.
Authors: Xu Kai , Yang Fan , Zhang Guodong , Wu Yangjie
Published: July 2013

Cyclopalladated ferrocenylimines are found to be efficient catalysts for the phosphonation of aryl halides with dialkyl phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐HBV Active Constituents from Piper longum
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Liu Wen‐Feng , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Luo Jie , Ma Yun‐Bao , Chen Ji‐Jun
Published: July 2013

isolation, structure elucidation and anti‐HBV activities of the two new amide alkaloids (I), (II), the two new glycosides longumosides A (III) and B (IV) and seven known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Antihepatitis B Virus Lignans from the Root of Streblus asper
Authors: Li Jun , Meng Ai‐Ping , Guan Xin‐Lan , Li Jian , Wu Qiang , Deng Sheng‐Ping , Su Xiao‐Jian , Yang Rui‐Yun
Published: July 2013

isolation, structural elucidation and anti‐HBV activities of four new lignans, strebluslignanol F (I), erythro‐strebluslignanol G (II), isostrebluslignanaldehyde (III), isomagnaldehyde (IV) along with twelve known lignans
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials by Ultrafast Laser Processing of Surfaces
Authors: Stratakis Emmanuel
Published: July 2013

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials and Nanopatterns Based on Laser Processing: A Brief Review on Current State of Art
Authors: Singh S. C. , Zeng Haibo
Published: July 2013

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azide Chemistry — An Inorganic Perspective. Part 1. Metal Azides: Overview, General Trends and Recent Developments
Authors: Fehlhammer Wolf Peter , Beck Wolfgang
Published: July 2013

Review: 439 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Dipyrrin‐Based Metal Complexes
Authors: Baudron Stephane A.
Published: July 2013

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion‐Based Materials Comprising Planar Charged Species
Authors: Dong Bin , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: July 2013

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Chiral Ligands
Authors: Bayardon Jerome , Juge Sylvain
Published: July 2013

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Glycosylation Techniques for the Synthesis of Bioactive Neoglycoconjugates, Glyconanoparticles and Glycoarrays
Authors: Peri Francesco
Published: July 2013

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Derived Auxiliaries: Amino Sugar and Glycosylamine Auxiliaries
Authors: Kunz H. , Strassnig I. , Mathieu T. , Bull J.
Published: July 2013

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Cyclohexene Epoxides Toward Intramolecular Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Cage Architectures
Authors: Abdelkafi Hajer , Evanno Laurent , Deville Alexandre , Dubost Lionel , Nay Bastien
Published: July 2013

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polypropionate Synthesis via Substrate‐Controlled Stereoselective Aldol Couplings of Chiral Fragments
Authors: Ward Dale E.
Published: July 2013

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction in Aldol Additions
Authors: Dias Luiz C. , Polo Ellen C. , de Lucca Emilio C. Jr. , Ferreira Marco A. B.
Published: July 2013

Review: 177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Aldol Reactions
Authors: Guillena Gabriela
Published: July 2013

Review: 583 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Halides to Form C—C Bonds in Aqueous Media
Authors: Shaughnessy Kevin H.
Published: July 2013

Review: 241 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Stefane Bogdan , Pozgan Franc
Published: July 2013

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Research Areas Inspired by Sustainable Development
Authors: Da Silva Eric , Dayoub Wissam , Duguet Nicolas , Metay Estelle , Popowycz Florence , Lemaire Marc
Published: July 2013

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pool Synthesis: Starting from Terpenes
Authors: Gaich T. , Mulzer J.
Published: July 2013

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Promising Azole Marine Products. Largazole and Neopeltolide
Authors: Davyt Danilo , Serra Gloria
Published: July 2013

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Properties of Binary Mixtures of ILs with Water and Ethanol
Authors: Cabeza Oscar , Garcia‐Garabal Sandra , Segade Luisa , Dominguez‐Perez Montserrat , Rilo Esther , Varela Luis M.
Published: July 2013

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Complexities of APOBEC3G Action on Immunity and Viral Fitness During HIV Infection and Treatment
Authors: Monajemi Mahdis , Woodworth Claire F. , Benkaroun Jessica , Grant Michael , Larijani Mani
Published: July 2013

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Microarrays
Authors: Park Sungjin , Gildersleeve Jeffrey C. , Blixt Ola , Shin Injae
Published: July 2013

Review: 236 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Directing Convection to Pattern Thin Polymer Films
Authors: Janes Dustin W. , Katzenstein Joshua M. , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Ellison Christopher J.
Published: July 2013

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tools for Monitoring Reactions Performed Using Microwave Heating
Authors: Leadbeater Nicholas E. , Schmink Jason R. , Hamlin Trevor A.
Published: July 2013

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enumeration of Isomers of Substituted Tetrapyrrole Macrocycles: From Classical Problems in Biology to Modern Combinatorial Libraries
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiko , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: July 2013

Review: 232 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudolattice Theory of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Varela L. M. , Carrete J. , Garcia M. , Rodriguez J. R. , Gallego L. J. , Turmine M. , Cabeza O.
Published: July 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Spin Resonance. Part 2. A Diagnostic Method in the Environmental Sciences
Authors: Rhodes Christopher J.
Published: July 2013

Review: 177 refs.
6‐Aryl and Heterocycle Quinazoline Derivatives as Potent EGFR Inhibitors with Improved Activity toward Gefitinib‐Sensitive and ‐Resistant Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Hamed Mostafa M. , Abou El Ella Dalal A. , Keeton Adam B. , Piazza Gary A. , Abadi Ashraf H. , Hartmann Rolf W. , Engel Matthias
Published: July 2013

A group of novel anilinoquinazoline derivatives with variable aryl and heterocyclic substituents at position 6 were synthesized and tested for their EGFR‐inhibitory activity. Aryl and heterocyclic rings were attached to the quinazoline scaffold through different linkages such as imine, amide, and thiourea. Most of the aryl and heterocyclic derivatives showed potent inhibition of wild‐type EGFR with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Among these, thiourea derivatives 6 a, 6 b and compound 10 b also retained significant activity toward the gefitinib‐insensitive EGFRT790M/L858R mutant, displaying up to 24‐fold greater potency than gefitinib. In addition, cell growth inhibitory activity was tested against cancer cell lines with wild‐type (KB cells) and mutant EGFR (H1975 cells). Several compounds including 6 a were found to be more potent than the reference compound gefitinib toward both cell lines, as was the case for compound 10 b against H1975 cells. Therefore, compounds 6 a and 10 b in particular may serve as new leads for the development of inhibitors effective against wild‐type EGFR as well as gefitinib‐resistant mutants.
Parallel Haskell implementations of the N‐body problem
Authors: Totoo Prabhat , Loidl Hans‐Wolfgang
Published: July 2013

This paper provides an assessment of high‐level parallel programming models for multi‐core programming by implementing two versions of the n‐body problem. We compare three different parallel programming models on the basis of parallel Haskell, differing in the ways how potential parallelism is identified and managed. We assess the performance of each implementation, discuss the sequential and parallel tuning steps leading to the final versions and draw general conclusions on the suitability of high‐level parallel programming models for multi‐core programming. We achieve speed‐ups of up to 7.2 for the all‐pairs algorithm and up to 6.5 for the Barnes–Hut algorithm on an 8‐core machine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clathrate‐hydrate film growth along water/methane phase boundaries—an observational study
Authors: Kitamura Misato , Mori Yasuhiko H.
Published: July 2013

Methane hydrate films, each growing along a horizontal interface between the quiescent liquid‐water and methane‐gas phases, were observed through a low magnification microscope to reveal the morphology and advancing motion of the film front, and the linear film growth rate (advancing speed of the film front) at various degrees of system subcooling from the phase‐equilibrium temperature corresponding to the system pressure was quantitatively measured. At a lower subcooling (≈ 1.2 K), the film front was often covered by laterally aligned facets showing a regular roughness with sharp peaks and valleys and a non‐isotropic growth. As the subcooling increased, the film front tended to have an irregular, non‐faceted, smaller‐scale roughness and exhibited a smoother, isotropic growth. For such an isotropic, quasi‐steady film growth at subcoolings from ∼2.5 to ∼10 K, we collected the film‐growth rate data. The obtained data were compared to other relevant data or empirical correlations previously reported by different research groups. The consistency or inconsistency between the different data sources were examined in detail.
Diffusion and binding analyzed with combined point FRAP and FCS
Authors: Im Kang‐Bin , Schmidt Ute , Kang Moon‐Sik , Lee Ji‐Young , Bestvater Felix , Wachsmuth Malte
Published: July 2013

To quantify more precisely and more reliably diffusion and reaction properties of biomolecules in living cells, a novel closed description in 3D of both the bleach and the post‐bleach segment of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) data acquired at a point, i.e., a diffraction‐limited observation area, termed point FRAP, is presented. It covers a complete coupled reaction–diffusion scheme for mobile molecules undergoing transient or long‐term immobilization because of binding. We assess and confirm the feasibility with numerical solutions of the differential equations. By applying this model to free EYFP expressed in HeLa cells using a customized confocal laser scanning microscope that integrates point FRAP and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), the applicability is validated by comparison with results from FCS. We show that by taking diffusion during bleaching into consideration and/or by employing a global analysis of series of bleach times, the results can be improved significantly. As the point FRAP approach allows to obtain data with diffraction‐limited positioning accuracy, diffusion and binding properties of the exon–exon junction complex (EJC) components REF2‐II and Magoh are obtained at different localizations in the nucleus of MCF7 cells and refine our view on the position‐dependent association of the EJC factors with a maturating mRNP complex. Our findings corroborate the concept of combining point FRAP and FCS for a better understanding of the underlying diffusion and binding processes. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A novel MAC protocol for IDMA‐based multi‐beam satellite communication systems
Authors: Ge Xin , Liu Gongliang , Leung Victor C.M. , Zhang Naitong
Published: July 2013

Considering the limitations of satellite communication systems and advantages of new emerging interleave‐division multiple access (IDMA) technology, IDMA is introduced into the satellite systems, providing a new solution for multiple access techniques of satellite systems. To further validate the IDMA into satellite systems, a novel medium access control (MAC) scheme is proposed. In the random access channel, the interleave‐division slotted ALOHA method is adopted to alleviate the collision of access requests. Furthermore, a novel minimum power allocation scheme based on signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) evolution is proposed to maximize the capacity of such an interference‐sensitive system. By virtue of SINR evolution, our proposed scheme can accurately estimate multi‐user detection efficiency with low computational cost and further reduce the transmitted power, illustrating the high power efficiency of IDMA. To further enhance the performance of the MAC protocol, an effective call admission control scheme considering the effect of power control error is designed and combined into our MAC protocol. Analysis and simulation results show that, by taking full advantage of the chip‐by‐chip multi‐user detection technique, the proposed IDMA MAC protocol achieves high throughput and low average packet delay simultaneously, with low onboard processing complexity in the multi‐beam satellite communication systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An energy‐saving algorithm for cloud resource management using a Kalman filter
Authors: Zhang‐Jian Da‐Jing , Lee Chung‐Nan , Hwang Ren‐Hung
Published: July 2013

Cloud computing has emerged as a promising technique to provide storage and computing component on‐demand services over a network. In this paper, we present an energy‐saving algorithm using the Kalman filter for cloud resource management to predict the workload and to further achieve high resource availability with low service level agreement. Using the proposed algorithm, one can estimate the potential future workload trend then predict the computing component workload utilizations and further retrench energy consumption and achieve load balancing in a cloud system. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves more than 92.22% accuracy in the computing component workload prediction, improves 55.11% energy in energy consumption, and has 3.71% in power prediction error rate, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Vaginal Microbiome: New Findings Bring New Opportunities
Authors: Linhares Iara M. , Kanninen Tomi T. , Orfanelli Theofano , Jayaram Aswathi , Doulaveris Georgios , Witkin Steven S.
Published: July 2013

Preclinical Research

As a result of exposure to the external environment, the human vagina is home to many diverse bacterial species. The composition of the latter varies according to the life stage of the individual female due to differences in hormone production and lifestyle. Advances in bacterial detection using culture‐independent methods have greatly altered our knowledge of the composition of the vaginal microbiome especially in nonpregnant reproductive age women. The vaginae of approximately 80% of healthy women are dominated by one of four species of Lactobacillus: L. crispatus, L. iners, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii. The remaining 20% are dominated by a diverse group of anaerobic and facultative bacteria. A predominant characteristic of all bacterial populations in healthy women is the production of lactic acid. The resulting acidification of the vagina retards or prevents the growth of other potentially pathogenic bacteria. Lactic acid also has specific effects on vaginal epithelial cells and immune cells to further protect against pathogen establishment. The interactions between bacterial species as well as their ability to produce various metabolites also influences the composition of the host vaginal immune and biochemical milieu and influences susceptibility to various lower genital tract infections as well as the capability of bacteria to transcend the cervical barrier and invade the upper genital tract. In pregnant women migration of bacteria from the vagina to the uterus is a major cause of preterm birth. A more complete understanding of the composition of the vaginal microbiome and its influence on host processes will lead to development of new protocols utilizing novel reagents to improve the health of pregnant as well as nonpregnant women.
Determination of hypoglycaemia induced by insulin or its synthetic analogues post mortem
Authors: Hess C. , Madea B. , Daldrup T. , Musshoff F.
Published: July 2013

The determination of human insulin or its synthetic analogues in post‐mortem specimens represents a challenge for forensic toxicologists due to its proven instability in post‐mortem blood. We present two cases of an insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. In the first case, ante‐mortem material was available for the detection of an injection with human insulin. Human insulin was detected by immunopurification with magnetic beads and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analyses at a concentration of 5180 μU/ml. The molar ratio human insulin:C‐peptide was 111. The second case describes a suicide by self‐injection of Insulin lispro and determination of the drug after pre‐extraction with methanol and immunopurification by LC‐MS/MS at the injection site, in vitreous humour and organs. Apart from the well‐known matrices – femoral blood and urine – the specimen vitreous humour and the injection site promise the best possibilities for a proof of insulin at autopsy. In addition to insulin analyses, the parameters C‐peptide, proinsulin, glucose, lactate, and sulfonylureas should be measured in case of suspected fatal hypoglycaemia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motivation to change in the eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Clausen Loa , Lübeck Marlene , Jones Allan
Published: July 2013

Objective

The aim of the study was to review the eating disorder literature in order to examine the effect of pretreatment autonomous/level of motivation to change on treatment outcome as measured by change in eating disorder pathology.

Method

Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies in which motivation to change prior to treatment was examined in relation to treatment outcome.

Results

Pretreatment autonomous/level of motivation were associated with change in restrictive eating behaviors, bingeing behaviors, and cognitive/affective measures of eating disorder pathology. There was mixed support for the effect of motivation to change on global measures of eating disorder symptoms and virtually no support for the effect of motivation to change on purging behavior.

Discussion

The level of pretreatment motivation the person exhibits prior to commencement of treatment appears to be helpful in predicting treatment outcome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:755–763)
When message tailoring backfires: The role of initial attitudes in affect–cognition matching
Authors: See Ya Hui Michelle , Valenti Greta , Ho Angeline Y. Y. , Tan Michelle S. Q.
Published: July 2013

This research explores when and how tailoring messages to attitudinal bases backfires. Study 1 demonstrated that for attitudes (toward education subsidies) that were based more on beliefs than emotions, recipients whose initial attitudes were incongruent with the message position (i.e., message opponents) showed mismatching effects, such that the affective message was more persuasive than the cognitive message. Study 2 replicated these mismatching effects among message opponents for attitudes (toward a rival university) that were primarily affective. Study 3 controlled for effects of initial attitude certainty and replicated the mismatching effects of Study 2 for affective attitudes toward an increase in tuition. Finally, Study 4 suggested a potential mechanism for mismatching effects, revealing that for attitudes (toward an online course management system) that were based more on beliefs than emotions, message opponents counter‐argued with the cognitive appeal more intensely than the affective appeal. Contrary to the notion in the extant literature that mismatching effects are relatively rare compared with matching effects, the current research suggests that mismatching effects occur for both primarily affective and cognitive attitudes when the recipient is highly opposed to the message position. The present findings also demonstrate the utility of examining attitudinal bases at the object level in the context of message tailoring. Implications for message tailoring and for affective versus cognitive attitudes are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge‐based replica deletion scheme using directional anti‐packets for vehicular delay‐tolerant networks
Authors: Tang Xiaolan , Pu Juhua , Gao Yang , Alshehri Mohammad Aziz Z. , Xiong Zhang , Wan Yueliang
Published: July 2013

As stable end‐to‐end paths seldom exist in vehicular delay‐tolerant networks, replication‐based opportunistic routing protocols are often utilised to improve the data delivery ratio and decrease the transfer delay. However, the network load increases heavily because of numerous data replicas. In this paper, we propose a knowledge‐based replica deletion Scheme using Directional Anti‐packets (SuDAs), in order to reduce the transmission of anti‐packets by considering vehicle contact statistics. We firstly use the contact judgment algorithm to avoid invalid anti‐packet transmissions and select better forwarder for the anti‐packets to reach each relay node, which has redundant data replica. Then, in the directional anti‐packet transmission algorithm, we set different anti‐packet transmission thresholds according to different requirements for the quality of replica deletion in the network. Formal validations and extensive simulations evaluate the performance of our scheme, which show that SuDA has a distinct advantage over others in striking a balance between the replica deletion delay and the anti‐packet overhead. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE EFFECT OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS ON HEALTH‐RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE: THE IMPORTANCE OF LONGITUDINAL DATA TO ADDRESS PATIENT HETEROGENEITY
Authors: Alva Maria , Gray Alastair , Mihaylova Borislava , Clarke Philip
Published: July 2013

We estimate the impact of six diabetes‐related complications (myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, amputation and visual acuity) on quality of life, using seven rounds of EQ‐5D questionnaires administered between 1997 and 2007 in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. The use of cross‐sectional data to make such estimates is widespread in the literature, being less expensive and easier to collect than repeated‐measures data. However, analysis of this dataset suggests that cross‐sectional analysis could produce biased estimates of the effect of complications on QoL. Using fixed effects estimators, we show that variation in the quality of life between patients is strongly influenced by time‐invariant patient characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of studying quality‐of‐life changes over time to distinguish between time‐invariant determinants of QoL and the effect on QoL of specific events such as diabetes complications. © 2013 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
INCREASING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE HEALTH‐INCOME GRADIENT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Fletcher Jason , Wolfe Barbara
Published: July 2013

There have been numerous attempts to both document the income‐health gradient in children and to understand the nature of the tie. In this paper, we review and summarize existing studies, and then use a unique school‐based panel data set from the USA to attempt to further our understanding of the relationship. The long duration (5 observations, 9 years) allows us to add to the understanding of the pattern of the tie, through our ability to test for changes in health status and multiple measures of income, and the school‐based nature of the data allow us to add community socioeconomic status to the model. Increasing understanding of the income‐health gradient has clear policy implications in terms of effective targeting of interventions to decrease the gradient and hence decrease health disparities among children. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gully erosion reduces carbon and nitrogen storage and mineralization fluxes in a headwater catchment of south‐eastern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Garzon‐Garcia Alexandra , Olley Jon M. , Bunn Stuart E. , Moody Philip
Published: July 2013

Increased erosion associated with land use change often alters the flux of sediments and nutrients, but few studies have looked at the interaction between these disrupted cycles. We studied the effects of gully erosion on carbon and nitrogen storage in surface soil/sediment and herbaceous vegetation and on C and N mineralization in a headwater catchment used for cattle grazing. We found significantly lower C and N stored in an incising gully compared with an intact valley. This storage was significantly higher in an adjacent stabilizing gully, although not to the levels found in the intact valley. The intact valley had two to four times higher soil/sediment concentrations of total organic C, total N and Colwell extractable P than the incising gully. Lower storage was not explained by differences in vegetation biomass density or silt and clay content. Vegetation accounted for only 8% of C and 2% of N storage. Although not a significant store in itself, vegetation has an important indirect role in restoring and maintaining soil/sediment C and N stocks in eroding areas. We found significant linear relationships between C and N mineralization rates and soil/sediment C and N content, with lower rates occurring in the eroded sediment. These findings support our initial hypothesis that gully erosion reduces C and N storage and mineralization rates in eroding catchments. The implications of this study include a change to the quality of eroded sediments in headwater catchments, causing C‐poorer and N‐poorer sediments to be exported but overall loads to increase. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of a headwater system and peatland under current conditions and with climate change
Authors: Levison J. , Larocque M. , Fournier V. , Gagné S. , Pellerin S. , Ouellet M.A.
Published: July 2013

Interactions between headwater aquifers and peatlands have received limited scientific attention. Hydrological stresses, including those related to climate change, may adversely impact these interactions. In this study, the dynamics of a southern Québec headwater system where a peatland is present is simulated under current conditions and with climate change. The model is calibrated in steady state on field‐measured data and provides satisfactory results for transient‐state conditions. Under current conditions, simulations confirm that the peatland is fed by the fractured bedrock aquifer year‐round and provides continuous baseflow to its outlets. Climate change is simulated through its impact on groundwater recharge. Predicted precipitation and temperature data from a suite of regional climate model scenarios provide a net precipitation variation range from +10% to −30% for the 2041–2070 horizon. Calibrated recharge is modified within this range to perform a sensitivity analysis of the headwater model to recharge variations (+10%, −15% and −30%). Total contribution from the aquifer to rivers and streams varies from +14% to −44% of the baseline for +10% to −30% recharge changes from spring 2010 data, for example. With higher recharge, the peatland receives more groundwater, which could significantly change its vegetation pattern and eventually ecosystem functions. For a −30% recharge, the peatland becomes perched above the aquifer during the summer, fall and winter. Recharge reductions also induce sharp declines in groundwater levels and drying streams. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FORECASTING FIRM RISK IN THE EMERGING MARKET OF CHINA WITH SEQUENTIAL OPTIMIZATION OF INFLUENCE FACTORS ON PERFORMANCE OF CASE‐BASED REASONING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY WITH IMBALANCED SAMPLES
Authors: Li Hui , Yu Jun‐Ling , Zhou Qing , Cai Jian‐Hu
Published: July 2013

With the development of the Chinese economy, how to make the right decision regarding firms’ risk is becoming more and more important. Case‐based reasoning (CBR) is a potential method that can help forecast business risk status in advance; it is easy to apply and is able to provide good explanations of output. In order to obtain more accurate prediction with CBR, it is essential to investigate factors that influence CBR's performance, and to optimize these factors sequentially for the improvement of CBR's performance in firm risk prediction in emerging markets under a more practicable assumption. We verified that sequential optimization of feature selection, feature weighting, instance selection and the number of nearest neighbours is a possible alternative for improving predictive performance of CBR forecasting under the assumption that the number of failed samples is smaller than that of nonfailed samples. The detailed implementation includes: (1) selecting significant features through a correlation matrix and reducing feature dimensions with factor analysis; (2) using variance contribution ratios of features from factor analysis as feature weights; (3) eliminating noisy cases via a state matrix; and (4) obtaining the optimal number of nearest neighbours from empirical results among different numbers of nearest neighbours. To validate the usefulness of the sequential optimization approach, we applied it to a real‐world case: firm risk prediction with imbalanced data from the emerging market of China. Experimental results show that predictive accuracy of CBR applied in the emerging market was improved with the sequential optimization approach. Insightful thoughts from the results of the sequential optimization of the CBR forecasting system on modelling social tasks are also provided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear receptors and epigenetic signaling: Novel regulators of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle
Authors: Wang Shu‐Ching Mary , Muscat George E.O.
Published: July 2013

Glycogen is an energy storage depot for the mammalian species. This review focuses on recent developments that have identified the role of nuclear hormone receptor (NR) signaling and epigenomic control in the regulation of important genes that modulate glycogen metabolism. Specifically, new studies have revealed that the NR4A subgroup (of the NR superfamily) are strikingly sensitive to beta‐adrenergic stimulation in skeletal muscle, and transgenic studies in mice have revealed the expression of these NRs affects endurance and glycogen levels in muscle. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that one of the NR coregulator class of enzymes that mediate chromatin remodeling, the histone methyltransferases (for example, protein arginine methyltransferase 4) regulates the expression of several genes involved in glycogen metabolism and glycogen storage diseases in skeletal muscle. Importantly, NRs and histone methyltransferases, have the potential to be pharmacologically exploited and may provide novel targets in the quest to treat disorders of glycogen storage. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(8):657–664, 2013
The role of signalling in cellular cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Luu Winnie , Sharpe Laura J. , Gelissen Ingrid C. , Brown Andrew J.
Published: July 2013

Cholesterol is a vital lipid and performs diverse functions on a whole body and cellular level. However, excess cellular cholesterol is toxic, and thus, elegant mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate this important lipid. The regulation of cholesterol homeostasis is an area of intense research, and the role that signalling plays is gradually becoming more widely recognised. Cholesterol homeostasis is achieved through intricate mechanisms involving synthesis, uptake, and efflux. Although there is a large body of work elucidating these cholesterol‐related pathways, less is known about the role of signalling in these processes. Here, we discuss the variety of ways that signalling impacts on these modes and levels of cholesterol homeostasis, including transcriptional regulation. Most work thus far has investigated the role of kinases in cholesterol efflux (especially on ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1, ABCA1), and therefore constitutes a major focus of this review. We also indicate further avenues to explore in the area of signalling in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(8):675–684, 2013
(–)‐Epicatechin reduces blood pressure and improves vasorelaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats by NO‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Galleano Monica , Bernatova Iveta , Puzserova Angelika , Balis Peter , Sestakova Natalia , Pechanova Olga , Fraga Cesar G.
Published: July 2013

Studies in humans have found consumption of certain flavanoid‐containing foods to be associated with improvement in endothelial function and with reduction of blood pressure (BP). (–)‐Epicatechin is a compound representative of the flavanols (a subfamily of flavonoids), abundant in cocoa seeds, which is preserved during the industrialization process to chocolate. The antihypertensive effect of dietary (–)‐epicatechin was investigated on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Consumption of (–)‐epicatechin‐supplemented diet (3 g (–)‐epicatechin/kg diet) decreased BP in SHR by 27 and 23 mm Hg on days 2 and 6, respectively. On day 6, a 173% increase of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was observed in the aorta of EPI‐SHR as compared to nonsupplemented SHR (P < 0.05). Responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were then examined in femoral arteries in the absence and the presence of L‐NAME, a nonselective NOS inhibitor, to assess the ACh‐mediated relaxation ascribed to NO‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. Acetylcholine‐induced endothelium‐dependent relaxation in the femoral artery was significantly higher in EPI‐SHR than in SHR, with a predominance of the NO‐dependent component of this relaxation. The endothelium‐independent relaxation, assayed by using the NO donor sodium nitroprusside, resulted in nonsignificant difference in the three experimental groups, demonstrating an unaffected function of vascular smooth muscle cells. These results give further support to the concept that (–)‐epicatechin can modulate BP in hypertension by increasing NO levels in the vasculature. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(8):710–715, 2013
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a promising component of propolis with a plethora of biological activities: A review on its anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects
Authors: Tolba Mai F. , Azab Samar S. , Khalifa Amani E. , Abdel‐Rahman Sherif Z. , Abdel‐Naim Ashraf B.
Published: July 2013

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an important active component of honey bee propolis that possesses a plethora of biological activities. Propolis is used safely in traditional medicine as a dietary supplement for its therapeutic benefits. This review highlights the recently published data about CAPE bioavailability, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective; hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities. CAPE showed promising efficacy both in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models with minimum adverse effects. Its effectiveness was demonstrated in multiple target organs. Despite this fact, it has not been yet investigated as a protective agent or a potential therapy in humans. Investigation of CAPE efficacy in clinical trials is strongly encouraged to elucidate its therapeutic benefit for different human diseases after performing full preclinical toxicological studies and gaining more insights into its pharmacokinetics. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(8):699–709, 2013
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Metronidazole on Bismuth Modified Pencil‐lead Electrode
Authors: Asadpour‐Zeynali Karim , Majidi Mir Reza , Najafi‐Marandi Parvaneh , Norysaray Zinalabedin
Published: July 2013

We report a new and simple approach based on an experimental design method for the preparation of pencil‐lead electrode modified with bismuth thin film. The fabrication process consists of reduction of bismuth on the surface of electrode with potentiostate method. Response surface methodology was developed as experimental strategies for modeling and optimization of the influence of some variables on the performance of modified electrode. The electrocatalytic behavior of this modified electrode was exploited as a sensitive detection system for the mercury‐free reduction and determination of metronidazole in pharmaceutical and biological samples by using differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry methods.
N‐Nitrosation of Secondary Amines Using Supported Perchloric Acid on Silica Gel and Stereoselectivity Study of Nitrosated Products
Authors: Goudarziafshar Hamid , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Hadian Laila
Published: July 2013

N‐Nitrosation of different types of secondary amines has been proceeded using supported perchloric acid on silica gel and sodiume nitrite under heterogeneous conditions. The operational system is simple and high pure products can be easily isolated with good to high yields.
TMEM16E (GDD1) Exhibits Protein Instability and Distinct Characteristics in Chloride Channel/Pore Forming Ability
Authors: Tran Ta To , Tobiume Kei , Hirono Chikara , Fujimoto Shinichi , Mizuta Kuniko , Kubozono Kazumi , Inoue Hiroshi , Itakura Mitsuo , Sugita Makoto , Kamata Nobuyuki
Published: July 2013

TMEM16E/GDD1 has been shown to be responsible for the bone‐related late‐onset disease gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD), with the dominant allele (TMEM16Egdd) encoding a missense mutation at Cys356. Additionally, several recessive loss‐of‐function alleles of TMEM16E also cause late‐onset limb girdle muscular dystrophy. In this study, we found that TMEM16E was rapidly degraded via the proteasome pathway, which was rescued by inhibition of the PI3K pathway and by the chemical chaperone, sodium butyrate. Moreover, TMEM16Egdd exhibited lower stability than TMEM16E, but showed similar propensity to be rescued. TMEM16E did not exhibit cell surface calcium‐dependent chloride channel (CaCC) activity, which was originally identified in TMEM16A and TMEM16B, due to their intracellular vesicle distribution. A putative pore‐forming domain of TMEM16E, which shared 39.8% similarity in 98 amino acids with TMEM16A, disrupted CaCC activity of TMEM16A via domain swapping. However, the Thr611Cys mutation in the swapped domain, which mimicked conserved cysteine residues between TMEM16A and TMEM16B, reconstituted CaCC activity. In addition, the GDD‐causing cysteine mutation made in TMEM16A drastically altered CaCC activity. Based on these findings, TMEM16E possesses distinct function other than CaCC and another protein‐stabilizing machinery toward the TMEM16E and TMEM16Egdd proteins should be considered for the on‐set regulation of their phenotypes in tissues. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 181–190, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization by response surface methodology of processing conditions for the ionic liquid pretreatment of energy cane bagasse
Authors: Qiu Zenghui , Aita Giovanna M. , Mahalaxmi Swetha
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

Ionic liquids are generally considered to be green solvents, and can be potential substitutes for traditional flammable and volatile solvents due to such suitable properties as low volatility, high thermal stability, non‐flammability, and good recyclability. This study aimed to optimize 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]) pretreatment processing conditions by evaluating the effect of three pretreatment processing parameters (temperature, residence time and solids loading) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of [EMIM][OAc]‐treated energy cane bagasse via response surface methodology (RSM).

RESULTS

The model fitted by RSM indicated that a higher glucose yield of [EMIM][OAc]‐treated biomass could be obtained at higher pretreatment temperatures with shorter residence times within the design space. The optimal processing conditions were pretreatment of energy cane bagasse at 131.9°C for 28.1 min at 8.4% solids loading, resulting in a final glucose yield of 35.96 g glucose per 100 g of native biomass compared with the predicted value of 35.89.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that this model can predict accurately the glucose yield within the specified design space. The model can also provide valuable insight to further industry application. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry