bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact Associates: An Emerging Initiative
Authors: Clark Ralph I. , Smith Mike A.
Published: May 2006

An initiative to help facilitate a more genuine partnership between
the participants of the Leeds Compact is described. Emphasis has been
placed on the development of a team of Compact Associates drawn from
education, careers and business to take ownership and responsibility for
the training requirements of the Compact. The training for Compact
Associates is described, together with an evaluation of progress to
date.
Introducing BTEC into Schools
Authors: Lovelace Gary P.
Published: May 2006

Until recently, BTEC courses have been seen as part of further and
higher education. Schools could not teach BTEC First and many of them
laboured under the illusion that they could not independently offer
National courses. The experiences of one school, which recently
successfully underwent the process of becoming a BTEC centre for the
National Diploma in Business and Finance, are outlined. Reasons for
success are discussed with a view to providing a guideline enabling more
schools to set up similar centres in the near future.
Young People and Training
Authors: Bynner John
Published: May 2006

Data collected in ESRC′s 16‐19 Initiative on 5,000 young people′s
attitudes to training and experience of training are analysed. Two
groups of young people aged 15‐16 years old and 17‐18 years old in 1987
were followed up for two years in Swindon, Sheffield, Liverpool and
Kirkcaldy. The findings show a generally positive attitude to training,
stronger in the younger than the older group. But local economic
conditions are critical in determining what kind of training is
available and what outcomes follow it \em\ both of which are fundamental
to the way in which it is received.
Cost‐effectiveness of the Movement of Export Products
Authors: Jackson Belinda
Published: May 2006

A study of the logistics of container handling of
a large New South Wales, Australia, snackfood
manufacturer is described with regard to the
product and its export marketing. The areas of
transport, environmental factors, flexibility and
capacity are analysed, and some recommendations
are given.
Shades of Grey – the Demographic Timebomb
Authors: Wittwer Jacky
Published: May 2006

The probable effect of an ageing population on the
recruitment of employees in the car rental
business is examined. Fewer young people will
be coming forward. Older workers and women
may fill the gap but new patterns of employment
may be needed: both full‐time and part‐time, job
sharing and second careers. Productivity targets
and insurance and pension costs may need to be
adjusted but older employees, in particular, can
be more disciplined and loyal and bring with them
a wealth of talent and experience.
New Zealand′s Paperboard Packaging Industry
Authors: Sara Rod
Published: May 2006

Paperboard packaging is regarded as a most ecologically
sound and environmentally friendly packaging option,
with benefits in product protection, waste and disposal
properties and easy recyclability. New Zealand has a
paperboard packaging industry, small by international
standards, manufacturing 245,000 tonnes of packaging
annually. Over 100,000 tonnes of recycled fibre (25 per
cent of all paper and paperboard consumed in New
Zealand is recovered for recycling) are included in
packaging boards for a variety of uses. New Zealand′s
forest management is world‐renowned; the pulp and
paper industry sources its virgin fibre requirements
from plantation pine forests. The country′s major manufacturer
of pulp and paperboard has developed a new
pulp‐bleaching technique which avoids chlorine use. It
is also 50 per cent self‐sufficient in energy generation.
Packaging manufacturers are urged to avoid overpackaging
and take responsibility to ensure environmental‐friendliness
by suppliers of inks and coatings.
Integration of Marketing and Logistics: A Way to Competitive Advantage in South Africa
Authors: Remmel Ulf M.
Published: May 2006

Logistics and marketing are both corporate functions that are
critical for the competitive position of an organisation. Traditionally,
logistics has been seen as a passive tool supporting marketing, while
more recent research publications have stressed the strategic importance
of logistics. Here the focus is on: showing the impact logistics has on
competitive advantage; identifying the key interfaces between logistics
and marketing; stressing the need of integrating the two functions to
avoid permanent friction between them; and providing an approach to
developing an integrated logistics/marketing strategy.
Pathways to Customers: Reducing Complexity in the Logistics Pipeline
Authors: Gattorna John L. , Chorn Norman H. , Day Abby
Published: May 2006

The fundamental weakness in traditional supply‐chain management
thinking is that of trying to change the behaviour of everyone involved
by exhorting them to create and maintain a shared vision and strategy.
This is fruitless, particularly in global and cross‐cultural situations.
A pragmatic, market‐based approach is needed which is repeatedly proven
by practical applications and relies on identifying and accepting the
differing objectives and styles of other supply chain members, and
clustering these seemingly disparate groups into their “natural
logics”. These can be aligned, by restructuring the organisation,
to allow the natural flows to emerge and operate efficiently. The
resulting alignment of the organisation to its markets enables it to
achieve near‐perfect customer service.
Dialectic of the Information Revolution
Authors: Shapiro Jeremy
Published: May 2006

Technical barriers to the use of advanced decision support systems
based on mathematical programming models for integrated planning are
becoming less and less important. The more important issue is the
organisation′s ability to adapt its structure to exploit the insights
which these systems provide. Considering the competitive cost advantages
which can be achieved, radical changes in the ways in which
organisations employ such systems can be expected.
The Extended Slutsky Equation Revisited
Authors: Raiklin Ernest
Published: May 2006

This article, making standard assumptions, tests the effect that
cross price elasticity of demand has on consumer (directly) and producer
(indirectly) behaviour. Two classes of utility functions are employed:
one is U = X⊃nY⊃m, which is asymptotically convex and, hence,
conventional; another is U = X⊃n + Y⊃m, which is
nonasymptotically convex and, therefore, unconventional. As a result,
the rationally intended consumer of the conventional function behaves
irrationally, questioning the marginal base of the analysis of the firm.
The irrationally contemplating consumer of the unconventional function
acts rationally, upholding such marginal analysis. Thus, the validity of
the direct relation between intentions and actions is doubted.
The Dehumanisation of Economic Science: In Search of the Appropriate Methodology
Authors: Riha Tomas J.F.
Published: May 2006

Economics, as one of the cultural and historical sciences, is
responsible for the investigation of the meaningful relation between the
whole and the parts, based on organic linking and not on the
mechanical‐causal relationship. The relevant contributions of the
leading holistic school of thought – universalism – is thus
described, focusing on the fundamental concepts and methods of
understanding and on their possible application in economics. The
article aims to aid present methodologists of economics and other social
sciences, disenchanted with the individualistic and disjointed
approaches of their respective disciplines, in building up a body of
integrated theory and in suggesting new areas of research.
The Study of Principles of Economic Ethics
Authors: Shuo Dong‐Fang
Published: May 2006

Could “Economic Man” and “Moral Man” be
integrated? Could “Business” and “Morality”
contain each other? An attempt is made to verify, from the theoretical
formation, the value rationality of economic behaviour, to seek the
value co‐structure of ethics and economics.
The Paradox in Open Learning at Work
Authors: Fuller Alison , Saunders Murray
Published: May 2006

This article identifies a central paradox in “open
learning” – that in a commercial context its
“openness”, seen from instrumental and
prescriptive perspectives, will be restricted. The
authors suggest that the effective implementation
of open learning in work organisations requires
the kind of planning, co‐ordination and structure
which so reduces learner empowerment that
“differentiated training” becomes a more
appropriate term. The authors consider the
practical implications of their findings.
Alienation among Managers: The New Epidemic or the Social Scientists’ Invention?
Authors: Hunt John W.
Published: May 2006

“Crisis”, “suicide” and
“burnout” – the disorders of the 1980s – but are
they new or are they the same things with new labels? If there is an
epidemic of such psychological disorders what can be done by the
personnel function?
MOBILE LIBRARIES IN RURAL AREAS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CLWYD
Authors: Dyson Ian
Published: May 2006

Examines the past, present and future of
library provision in rural areas. Various
solutions to the problems of providing a
library service to such areas are critically
assessed. The mobile libraries operated by
Clwyd Library and Museum Service are
examined as a case study. A selection of
possible future developments is described and
evaluated and recommendations are made for
research into user studies, co‐operation and
children′s needs.
Payment Systems and Performance Improvement: Participation in Payment System Design
Authors: Bowey Angela , Thorpe Richard
Published: May 2006

This article is the second in the series detailing recent and
continuing research into Payment Systems. The previous article dealt
with some of the main features found to be important in scheme success,
whilst this one, “Participation in Payment System Design”,
shows how the research results can be translated into practice. The
procedure outlined here is one that has been recently applied to a
number of organisations with uniform success.
Leadership and Culture: Comparing Asian Managers
Authors: Swierczek Fredric William
Published: May 2006

The issues of culture and leadership in the Asian context are
discussed and the cultural perspectives related to Asian management
style are reviewed. A qualitative research study is presented in which
two different groups of Asian managers describe their best or worst
leader. The results indicate that leadership behaviours are better
indicators of effective leadership than are leadership characteristics.
This sample of Asian managers prefers leaders who are both task‐and
people‐oriented. They prefer participation to direction.
Postlog: Bringing Performance Back In
Authors: Boje David M.
Published: May 2006

Performance programs, games, rituals and story telling are looked
at as part of the performance of organization. Some leaders in these
methods are gifted performers, and they are able to pass on the plots of
these themes to succeeding generations of employees.
Technological Innovation and Organisational Culture: An Exploratory Comparison of Larger and Smaller Firms
Authors: Roberts Gary B. , Watson Kerr , Oliver John E.
Published: May 2006

The relationship between organisation size, technology implementation, and organisational culture is examined. Thirty‐five American and Canadian manufacturing organisations were surveyed concerning their approach to implementing statistical process control (SPC) technology. Organisations were classified as either large or small and hierarchic or non‐hierarchic. Approaches to implementing SPC were measured and compared among the four groups (large hierarchic, small hierarchic, large non‐hierarchic and small non‐hierarchic). Results indicated that both the size of the organisation and its culture determine how that organisation goes about implementing technological change. Larger organisations use inter‐departmental liaisons, temporary task forces, and permanent implementation teams more than smaller organisations in implementing new technology. Non‐hierarchic organisations appear to use goal and direct contact mechanisms at higher levels than hierarchical organisations when it comes to innovation and change. Results also indicate that there is more in common in the area of technological implementation between large and small businesses, and hierarchical and non‐hierarchical organisations than is often suggested.
Total Just‐in‐Time
Authors: Millar Ian
Published: May 2006

An understanding of JIT is needed before a successful strategy can
be developed. Reading, discussion and evaluation of experience are the
starting‐points. A total JIT framework can then be developed and
individual elements identified and defined. An integrated
socio‐technical approach secures numerous benefits from successful
implementation. People are the integrators and facilitators. An
implementation analysis technique is proposed with actual results
recorded. A pilot installation improves the prospect of success. The
text draws on the experience of the writer during the development of JIT
at Cummins Engine Company.
Of Colours and Simplicity
Authors: Watt Catherine
Published: May 2006

A revolutionary computer system using a system of colour coding to
give information about production in a garment factory is described.
Colour‐backing of items indicates: late, becoming late, on time and
progress, materials not yet available. These relate to customer,
product, promised delivery date, quantity ordered and completed. It is
efficient in use.
Manufacturing as a Source of Competitive Edge
Authors: Powell Rod
Published: May 2006

Competitive edge will not come from cost alone
in the European Single Market, nor in competition
with the Far East. ICL provides a case study of
an IT manufacturing company in transition.
Realignment in the marketplace requires above
all the successful management of change in
people, attitudes and organisation.
Asia Pacific International Financial Centres
Authors: Goldberg Michael A.
Published: May 2006

Marketing of international banking services in the Asia Pacific
region must proceed from understanding both the locational needs of
international banks and of the financial centres in which they locate.
Presents the findings of a detailed series of interviews in major
financial centres and by major financial sector. These mesh with
findings found in the surveyed location literature. Also explores the
development of international financial centres as this is closely tied
to location of financial firms. Concludes that the sort of sectoral
locational analysis conducted here provides highly useful information
for the location of international banking in the major Asia Pacific
centres. Hong Kong, Singapore and Tokyo are, not surprisingly, the prime
locations for marketing the broadest array of international banking
services.
Global Marketing Innovation in Consumer Banking: Japan
Authors: Grossberg Kenneth A.
Published: May 2006

As Japan′s domestic banking industry deregulates it is forced to
confront marketing issues which it never had to deal with under the
hothouse conditions that prevailed as recently as five years ago.
Citibank, the American consumer banking giant, provided the initial
stimulus which led large Japanese city banks to become more market
responsive to their small depositors in both their products and
promotional strategies. Everything from credit cards to electronic
delivery systems, from cash machines to direct marketing have been
affected by the retail bank strategy launched by Citibank Japan in 1985.
In this situation Citibank, a foreign bank which owns a very small niche
in the Japanese consumer banking marketplace, has turned out to be the
“mouse” that shocked Japan′s giant “elephant”
banks into changing their ways to the benefit of Japan′s bank customers.
It has nudged these institutions closer to adopting the global marketing
trends affecting consumer banking worldwide.
The Caribbean Basin Initiative: An Interim Assessment of
the Trade Provision′s Impact
Authors: Haar Jerry
Published: May 2006

The interim performance of the six‐year‐old Caribbean Basin
Initiative (CBI) has been mixed. Export performance has been especially
strong in agribusiness, chemicals and high technology components; and
success stories abound in other product areas as well. However,
legislative exclusions and quotas on major high volume, competitive
products such as textiles and shoes; inadequate local infrastructure,
such as roads, ports and transportation carriers; poor knowledge of
export opportunities; and the lack of an export
“consciousness” among government and producers have impeded
the ability of beneficiary countries to attain significant and
far‐reaching benefits. At present, countries are begining to adjust to
the CBI and remove, in part, the deficiencies cited. Additionally,
revised legislation to broaden product coverage, liberalise access, and
extend the time‐frame of the CBI is under consideration, and
medium‐sized foreign firms are increasing their activity in the region
in the areas of trading, licensing and investment.
Japanese Trade in International Perspective
Authors: Green Robert T. , Larsen Trina L.
Published: May 2006

Examines the USA‐Japan trade controversy, arising from the extended
trade imbalance between them, with respect to the most contentious
product categories. Then provides a statistical assessment of the
changes that have occurred in Japanese trade between 1985 and 1989. The
findings suggest little improvement over the time period.
Strategic Options for LDC Exports to Developed Countries
Authors: Dominguez Luis V. , Sequeira Carlos G.
Published: May 2006

Investigates export marketing performance and internationalisation
strategies of Central American firms engaged in non‐traditional exports
to developed countries. A five‐country survey of Central American firms
identified three patterns of export performance. Each performance
pattern is associated with distinct marketing strategies and
organisational characteristics. The evidence is consistent with the
notion of a stage‐wise internationalisation process. The discussion
points out how the transition from low‐price and cost‐oriented exporting
to differentiated marketing poses hurdles which many currently
successful exporters have yet to overcome.
Technocratic Rationalism in the Australian Public Service
Authors: Graham Peter
Published: May 2006

The Australia Card policy proposal of 1985‐87 is used as a focus to
review the growing emergence of information technology as a significant
influence on policy formation and implementation in the commonwealth
public service. The history of science and technology leading to
information technology in the public service is discussed, particularly
recent pressures to use information technology to improve the efficiency
and effectiveness of public sector management.
Naming the Auditor: Symbolism and Social Control
Authors: Wilson James A. , Wood Donna J.
Published: May 2006

Auditors are, with some frequency, called names. Some of these
names are universally disliked by auditors; others are seen as
desirable; and on some names, auditors are ambivalent. Because naming is
also deeply symbolic and meaningful behaviour, this study was carried
out and included a national random sample of internal audit directors,
audit managers and internal auditors based in the US and Canada. The
article reports the results of this study.
Should Stress Management be Company Policy?
Authors: Hartington Mills Sandra , Stern Angela G.
Published: May 2006

Attention is drawn to factors which create stress for women
managers; it is essential that companies do recognise these specific
stresses and create a policy to deal with them. The authors look at the
role of stress management courses and what stress management policies
should include, for example, seeing the company as a source of stress
and addressing issues, such as communications, to combat this.
UNIVERSITY INITIATIVES FOR PREPARING MANAGERIAL AND
PROFESSIONAL WOMEN FOR WORK
Authors: McKeen Carol A. , Burke Ronald J.
Published: May 2006

This study examined the usefulness of 12 university‐based
initiatives for preparing managerial and professional women for their
work and careers. Respondents were 267 women graduates of a university
commerce and business programme. Data were collected via questionnaires
completed anonymously. The three most useful initiatives were: having
female business graduates speak candidly about their experiences to
students; supporting the development of a women′s network outside the
university; and including content on management and human behaviour in
organisations more reflective of the experiences of women.
Propping up Perestroika
Authors: Stradling Aidan
Published: May 2006

Most observers would acknowledge that perestroika is a good
thing. The question is will it suceed on its own or should the West give
it a helping hand? This article examines the arguments either way and
discusses ways in which reformers in the Soviet Union can be helped.
BUSINESSMEN ARE AHEAD OF POLITICIANS IN MEETING THE
CHALLENGE OF 1992
Authors: Brittan Leon
Published: May 2006

Businessmen are ahead of politicians in meeting the challenge of
1992 and management schools have a pivotal role to play. Many fields of
business including electronics, insurance, air transport and
telecommunications are impatient to break the administrative shackles
which currently circumscribe their activities and which the Single
Market will help to remove.
The Effects of Organisational Size on Principal Decision Making
Authors: Heck Ronald H. , Marcoulides George A.
Published: May 2006

The study examines the effects of organisational
size on elementary school principals′ instructional
leadership decisions to allocate teachers to groups
of students. More specifically, the study tested
the invariance of a personnel allocation decision‐making
model for principals from three categories
of California district and school sizes, using the
LISREL methodology. The results confirmed the
fit of the proposed model to the data across
schools of all sizes and in small and medium school
districts. In large school districts, however, the
proposed model did not fit the data. A specification
search to determine the model that describes this
organisational context indicated that political
bargaining with parents and teachers over the
allocation of teachers and students is a less
important decision input for principals in large
school districts.
Unexpected Outcomes: The End of the Experiment
Authors: McVicar Malcolm
Published: May 2006

This is the third in a series of three linked articles
describing the major changes which are taking place
in English public sector higher education as a result
of the Education Reform Act 1988. The new
Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council had
introduced a radically different system of competitive
tendering which, although it was being brought in
incrementally was already having a significant impact
on institutional management. The way in which the
competitive tendering exercise was operated and
its outcomes is examined. The conclusion is that
this exercise was an important development in the
fundamental redirection of higher education in
Britain.
Costs and methods to improve expenditure in cleaning
Authors: Bywater Lesley
Published: May 2006

Argues that through accurate specification of methods and
frequencies, improvements in cleaning standards and efficiency can be
achieved. Discusses the decision whether to contract out the cleaning
service or provide it in‐house. Outlines, step‐by‐step, the preparation
of a technically accurate cleaning specification.
Desk sharing; the politics of space
Authors: Laing Andrew
Published: May 2006

Suggests that the trend towards desk sharing is the result of the
need to think of the office as a full‐time productive resource. Presents
space occupancy survey and several concepts of space sharing. Examines
cases where innovative desk sharing solutions have actually been
implemented. Considers the contradictory implications of desk sharing
and the future of the office in terms of new locations, new technology,
new forms of organisation, increasing support space, raising
productivity, and finally new forms of facilities management.
The case for corporate guidelines
Authors: Thomson Tony
Published: May 2006

Presents the case for corporate facilities management guidelines,
that is recommendations which can help a potential user of a building
understand the opportunities that are available for the use of space and
facilities in that building. Suggests that guidelines should raise
management awareness and put business goals first and satisfy
organisational needs. Considers the approaches that leading companies
are taking towards facilities management.
Polytechnic building for the twentieth century
Authors: Cassels Sam
Published: May 2006

Discusses some of the ways that newly corporate polytechnics might
benefit from facilities management. Argues that if polytechnics are to
realise their full potential then their architectural environment must
be seen to support their educational goals. Suggests a number of areas
in which educational institutions could improve their environmental
performance.
An IT strategy for the smaller office space
Authors: Thomson Tony
Published: May 2006

Discusses the decision made by DEGW plc to install a new voice and
data cabling network when relocating to new premises. Describes the
objectives of this telecommunications and networking strategy, the
elements of its implementation, and its operation and implications for
the company. Raises the issue of whether a structured cabling solution
is justifiable for a small to medium sized company.
Defects in buildings: who pays?
Authors: Parker Roger
Published: May 2006

Outlines a number of recent Court decisions which emphasise the
restrictive view courts are taking of parties′ rights and liabilities in
the area of negligence and their implications for the relative
responsibility of occupiers and owners for building maintenance.
Electric sandwich
Authors: Duke Bernard
Published: May 2006

Outlines the possible advantages and disadvantages of flat cabling
as a means of information and power distribution. Considers methods of
installation, the power cables, circuit protection, data and telephone
cables, and the speed of installation. Examines problems that arise in
practice. Concludes that the original cabling design is critical.
Getting the most out of CAD
Authors: Lovejoy Davida
Published: May 2006

Explains how computer aided design systems (CAD) can be of use to
facilities managers. Argues that almost all currently available CAD
systems are capable of much more than space planning; outlines a number
of tools available, in particular measurement, furniture layouts,
monitoring environmental conditions, personal space requirements, and
stacking and blocking.
Towards the Organic Office
Authors: Ellis Peter
Published: May 2006

Over the last 30 years many office planners and managers have
disregarded the people who work in offices, by being transfixed by the
hardware. A research project conducted into the way change is managed,
in six large offices over a two‐year period, identified two types of
change: extrinsic and intrinsic. Each was found to have a different
status with facilities managers – extrinsic was seen as essential
to organisational life and intrinsic as trivial and unrelated to
organisational effectiveness. Examples of how these attitudes are formed
and their negative impact on productivity are given and it is concluded
that the trend towards greater individuality amongst individuals and
their demands for greater autonomy at the workplace in the 1990s make it
necessary for managers to provide some degree of intrinsic flexibility.
The Responsibility of the Food Industry
Authors: Bender A.E.
Published: May 2006

Over the past few years the food industry has been criticised by
the press for a massive list of problems, including allergies,
irradiation, food poisoning and food additives. In this somewhat
controversial article, the author considers just how far the industry is
responsible for these “real or apparent” problems and what
responsibility it has.
Introduction (Food Safety – Practices and Policies)
Authors: Jukes David J.
Published: May 2006

A summary of the issue of food safety is given, in the light of
recent public concern over food hazards in the UK. The future of food
safety is discussed and mention is made of the role of the various
enforcement officers associated with the health and wholesomeness of
food
The Prevention of Foodborne Listeriosis
Authors: Lund Barbara M.
Published: May 2006

Listeriosis in animals and humans has been known for over 60 years. Outbreaks in humans have been reported since 1951 but the importance of foodborne transmission has only been realised recently.Listeria monocytogenesis of concern to the food industry because of its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures and the serious nature of listeriosis. Surveys have shown a widespread incidence ofL. monocytogenesin foods and high numbers in certain foods. Hygienic practices in food production are being modified to reduce this incidence, and conditions to minimise the survival and growth of listeria in foods are being determined. Listeriosis is still a relatively rare disease and the majority of people may be resistant, or develop immunity to the bacterium. Because of the fact that a significant proportion of the population is likely to be vulnerable to infection, and the trend towards increased consumption of chilled foods which may have an extended shelf life, it is important to minimise the incidence of listeria in foods.
European Developments in the Foodstuffs Sector
Authors: Jukes David J.
Published: May 2006

The framework for the major controls relating to the labelling of
foodstuffs and consumer safety by the Commission of the European
Communities is detailed; specifically, general food labelling
requirements, batch marking, nutrition labelling, foods for particular
nutritional uses, food irradiation, fruit juices, spirit drinks, and
articles intended for food contact.
Packaging Innovation in the Food Industry
Authors: Coles R.C. , Beharrell B.
Published: May 2006

Develops and exemplifies the proposition that the key factors
determining the success of packaging innovation can be unified by
considering them as consumer driven, technology driven, and distribution
driven. The concept of the packaging and distribution mix is developed
to show how organisations can respond, through marketing variables under
their control, to attempt to gain a competitive advantage over rivals. A
packaging optimisation strategy is described, based on a total systems
approach, which proposes a balance between the complex mix of external
influences.
Compositional Standards and Labelling
Authors: Roberts David
Published: May 2006

Explores some of the arguments for, and against, compositional
standards and reserved names, and the alternative labelling, some of
which is often overlooked by protagonists. In doing so, some of the
claims for the supremacy of labelling as an aid to the consumer and as a
trade protection measure are critically examined. The needs and
perceptions of consumers and the attitudes of enforcement agencies to
enforcing food labelling laws are also discussed.
Food Choice in a Retail Environment
Authors: Beharrell Brian , Denison Tim
Published: May 2006

The area of food retailing and consumers′ product preferences is
focused on. Valuations in product and price attributes across product
categories are investigated. A conceptual framework is developed for
analysing food choice situations; product categories and product
attributes are identified and measured; the importance of product
attributes and the implications for retailers′ marketing mix strategies
are assessed. The main conclusion drawn is that for each product
category studied (preserves, bakery products, cereals, dairy products,
soups, toiletries, fresh meats) customers were looking for different
groups of attributes, and different priorities were attached to
attributes across product categories.
The Food Safety Act: Implications for the Environmental Health Officer
Authors: Ramsden Eddie
Published: May 2006

The Act is examined from the perspective of environmental health;
considering some of the difficulties facing financially strained local
authorities, with competing demands for finance to improve housing for
example. Despite the difficulties the public has every right to expect
the very highest levels of protection.
Customer Dissatisfaction and the Zone of Uncertainty
Authors: Bleuel Bill
Published: May 2006

Offers a personal commentary disagreeing with those who imply that
dissatisfaction is simply the opposite of satisfaction. Examines the
concept of the dissatisfied customer, concluding that there is no direct
correspondence between satisfaction and dissatisfaction, and that the
features of satisfaction are not the same as the elements of
dissatisfaction. Considers the results of a satisfaction survey, finding
that the zone of uncertainty is very difficult to measure, since it may
be influenced by various externalcircumstances. Aims to bring the notion
of dissatisfaction and the zone of uncertainty to the attention of
researchers, arguing that more research is needed here.
Five Steps to Service Excellence
Authors: Cina Craig
Published: May 2006

Discusses the issue of service excellence. Presents a five‐step
plan for achieving service excellence. Notes that these steps can also
lead to bottom‐line rewards. Summarizes that the keys to a good
long‐lasting customer satisfaction programme are listening regularly,
training employees to meet customers′ needs, measuring and rewarding
employees′ efforts.
Predicting Organizational Buyer Behaviour
Authors: Tanner John F.
Published: May 2006

Considers the need for industrial marketers to understand buyers′
behavioural choices, which are affected by various factors. Examines
types of behaviour and their implications for marketing strategy,
offering a company example. Concludes that the development of a
successful marketing strategy requires the accurate prediction of buyer
behaviour, offering a useful model.
The Need for Market Research in Executive Decision Making
Authors: Raphael Joel , Parket I. Robert
Published: May 2006

Discusses executive decision making and the importance of the
broader use of market research throughout the management ranks. Looks at
the opportunities and constraints between market research and
decision‐making executives. Proposes an amalgamated and integrated
effort to ensure the timely gathering and analysis of appropriate
information to help make beneficial decisions.
Design of Global Marketing Information Systems
Authors: Higgins Lexis F , McIntyre Scott C , Raine Cynthia G
Published: May 2006

Discusses the transition between multinational and global business
orientation and the implications for the industrial corporation′s
marketing information systems. Presents a framework for analyzing a
corporation′s pretransition status and designing strategies for the
transition. Concludes that effective globally oriented marketing
information systems represent various opportunities for creating or
enhancing competitive advantage.
The Human Face of MIS
Authors: Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne
Published: May 2006

The use of organisms as a parallel to enable better understanding
of organisations has been used infrequently in marketing. The organismic
metaphor is brought to the attention of the marketing community. The
power of the metaphor is established by making physical and functional
parallels between organisms and organisations. Different types of
organisations can be viewed as species and some discussion is made about
the usefulness of Darwin′s Theory of Natural Selection. The importance
of Marketing Information Systems (MIS) is viewed in terms of providing
sensory information about the external and internal environment. The
existence of systems in nature which can be likened to
information‐gathering systems in business suggests a
“natural” need for marketing information systems.
Security and Fraud: Strategies for Prevention and Detection
Authors: Harris Geoffrey
Published: May 2006

Most organisations have neither clear security objectives nor a
serious, integrated approach to security. This may leave them either
under protected, or at the prey of security equipment and service
organisations who may either seek their own ends, or may attack only a
part of the problem. A number of examples of inefficient security
systems are outlined and a five‐step process towards an integrated
security system solution is given.
THE MARKET FORCES INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF US DRUG
STORE CHAINS
Authors: Haake John H.
Published: May 2006

The United States drug store industry is expanding in both sales
volume and store count. The most significant market forces shaping these
trends are demographic characteristics, economic fundamentals and
competitive formats. Demographically, the deceleration of population
growth, the ageing of the population and the lifestyles of “baby
boomers” are the most significant factors impacting on drug store
performance. Limited new shopping centre construction, continued
bankruptcies and acquisitions, and consumer concentration on price are
the near term economic forces at work in the industry. Competitively,
pressure is being applied from outside the industry by the addition of
prescription departments in supermarkets and discount department stores.
Internally, large discount drug stores have become a new merchandising
force. These trends appear to favour the continued growth of
well‐capitalised drug store chains that focus on a health and personal
care image and emphasise convenience
Switching on Quality
Authors: Rayfield David
Published: May 2006

Describes how Mitel Telecom has forged a strong customer/supplier chain. Discusses how “only as strong as the weakest link” is an accurate description of TQM in operation. Describes how the company has a total dedication to meeting the requirements of external customers as well as co‐workers. Concludes that Mitel′s focus of attention is now on the end customer. Asserts that the internal drive is towards total workforce involvement and continual “process” improvement. Concludes that TQM has provided Mitel with a strategic advantage ‐ it is in total control of its own destiny.
Commitment to Service Excellence
Authors: Milum Keith
Published: May 2006

Explains why Harris Distribution has chosen the total quality route to service excellence. Discusses how the organisation made a strategic decision to use quality as a competitive weapon. Asserts only the TQ company will survive. Gives the reasons why the board selected TQM. Asserts that to compete, the customer must be considered paramount ‐ it is everybody′s responsibility to service his customer. Concludes that, for the company, total quality is now a way of life.
Renault Quality Institute
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: May 2006

Reports on the activities of the Renault Institute for Quality to train its employees in the principles of TQ. Asserts that to make progress, there must be a method and that the advisers must be people with authority. Describes the workings of the Institute, and the training programme. Concludes that eventually the Institute′s activities will diminish although three vital jobs will remain: to renew the message to train new recruits in the principles of quality, and to upgrade the training of any personnel who have been promoted.
Total Quality Transport
Authors: Bedford S.
Published: May 2006

Describes the development of the teaching company link between Heriot‐Watt University and a “traditional” transport company. Discusses how an early project in the programme identified the industrial partner′s need to develop a strategic marketing approach which focused on TQM. Describes how this was introduced into an unpromising environment, but ultimately revolutionised company culture. Assesses the value of using the teaching company as a “vehicle” for applying TQM, from the standpoints of both partners. Concludes that the success of a key project and with it the programme, is critically dependent on people, relationships and commitment.
Japanese Suggestion Schemes
Authors: McClelland Stephen
Published: May 2006

Reports on the use of suggestion schemes in Japan. Considers whether it is a productivity aid or a morale booster. Asserts that the suggestion scheme which enables every employee to contribute ideas to his company, is ubiquitous in Japan. Concludes that the notion that a company will appreciate employees′ input still seems way ahead of many Western businesses.
TQM and Culture Change
Authors: Seddon John , Jackson Stephanie
Published: May 2006

Describes a TQM methodology model for achieving lasting culture change. Asserts that TQM effectiveness is often limited or negated by a failure to adequately consider the relationship between productivity and cultural behaviour. Proposes a model and techniques that integrate strategies and tasks with values and behaviours to accelerate the TQM process. Asserts that the values held in the organization should be compatible with its strategic goals. Advizes on how to choose domains for gathering and analysis of data. Concludes that successful quality interventions change people′s behaviour and related attitudes.
Process Capability Measurement
Authors: Porter Leslie J.
Published: May 2006

Assert that capability indices quantify process improvement in a simple way and, when used correctly, provide relevant benchmarks. Considers it important that managers fully understand the power and limitations of this quality tool. Asserts the process is on target when Cp and Cpk are equal. Contends that the observed differences are due to sampling error and that any capability index is simply an estimate of an unknown value. Concludes that the measurement of process capability and the assessment on internal and external suppliers performance using indices, is now widespread. Despite any problems, process capability indices are preferable to many other measures of process or supplier performance.
The keys to quality
Authors: Carson John
Published: May 2006

Discusses the principles of quality management as applied to the service industry. Considers the requirements of the product user, the elements of quality, management commitment and employee involvement, systems and processes and the importance of disciplined management, as well as a clear vision based on customer requirements. Concludes by asserting that the costs of poor service quality include reduced profits and lost business. Suggests that the benefits through total quality management are increased customer loyalty, higher market perception and long‐term business profitability.
Improving service quality to business travellers
Authors: Research Corporation Opinion
Published: May 2006

Reports on the findings of an ongoing study in the airline, hotel chain and car hire industries, to identify key gaps between what frequent travellers say is important and what their perception of actual service delivery is. Considers that of the three industries studied, airlines have the most opportunity for improvement. Asserts that many airlines, hotel chains and car hire companies are concentrating their efforts in areas that are the least important and missing service improvements in what frequent travellers say are more important areas. Concludes that today, companies must realise that improving service quality and delivery pays off.
Improving the service quality chain
Authors: Foster Morris , Whittle Susan , Smith Stuart , Hyde Peter
Published: May 2006

Describes a research study implementing TQM in the employment services using it on an organisation‐wide basis, for internal as well as external customers. Suggests a customer profile model. Asserts that the implementation has produced astonishing results and that, by recognising service providers as experts with intimate knowledge of their customers, TQM enables them to contribute directly to the improvement of the quality of their service provision.
Enhanced patient care
Authors: Yoffee Lynn
Published: May 2006

Reviews how one of the USA′s innovative hospitals is focusing on quality improvement. Discusses the need to become competitive as a result of the reduction in patients, and outlines the implementation of the quality improvement programme, recording the resultant benefits to hospital, doctors and patients. Concludes by noting that in addition to the financial savings, employee morale has been raised, and that different departments are working together to solve problems.
It is of no use...!
Authors: Duffy Jim
Published: May 2006

Considers the relationship between customer attitudes and actual performance. Explores transforming customer satisfaction indicators into factual service performance measurements. Stresses that the customer satisfaction survey is an indicator and examines the relationship between these indications and actual performance, asserting they must be correlated to an appropriate set of performance measurements. Distinguishes between measurement of customer satisfaction and measurement of service performance. Emphasises that measurement of customer satisfaction on its own is of less value and effectiveness than an approach which uses performance measurement, including quality and customer satisfaction measurements. Summarizes that customer satisfaction requires a number of ingredients, only a few of which can be accurately measured, but all need to be considered.
Corsham Court
Authors: Darby Keith R.
Published: May 2006

Outlines the architectural and construction history Corsham Court
over its four hundred years of existence. Describes the damage occurred
by neglect during the twentieth century and details the renovations
undertaken to make the building structurally sound once more.
Guidelines on structural surveys of commercial buildings
Authors: Pitt Peter , Dunstan Ivan , Rooley Richard
Published: May 2006

Attempts to set down the general principles, arrangements and
desirable contents of a report of a structural survey of a commercial
property.
Residential Bath preserved
Authors: Sparks L.T.
Published: May 2006

Outlines the history of the town of Bath in respect of its Georgian
architecture and discusses the reasons and methods behind 20th century
conservation schemes. Discusses the importance of the town in the
development of urban planning and describes construction, design and
materials originally used. Concentrates on damage and neglect caused by
the Victorians, the Second World War, traffic and the declining
prosperity of the town. Describes the conservation schemes undertaken
during the post‐war period, in particular the Town and Country Planning
Act of 1947, the Bath Terraces Scheme, the work of Colin Buchanan and
the results of slum clearance and commercial redevelopment. Details the
two phases of the city council′s conservation study and briefly
discusses the current situation in Bath, mentioning the high cost of
maintaining history property and the recent factor of Georgian buildings
being split into small units.
A stormy lesson
Authors: Hollis Malcolm
Published: May 2006

Discusses the storms and high winds of 1987 and 1990 which affected
much of the country, and asks why so much damage was caused to buildings
when Building Regulations and Codes of Practice were designed to cope
with such conditions. Outlines the extent of the 1990 damage and posits
reasons for the structural failures. Explores damage which occurred to
new buildings and gives suggestions as to where the designs were at
fault. Calls for alteration to the existing Codes of Practice and
examines the lessons which should have been learnt by the construction
industry, insurers and by legislators.
An electronic user request system for interlibrary loans
Authors: Sherwell John R
Published: May 2006

Examines the library at Smith Kline & French Research, which
has been using an automated interlibrary loans system based on BASIS
text retrieval software since 1986. Describes various approaches to
automation. Shows how the new system allows R&D staff to enter
requests for journal articles or issues, books and patents at their own
terminal or computer, and to search the database for items already
requested. Concludes that the system has been very well received in its
first years of operation.