bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of Prunella vulgaris L. combined with antithyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Maoying , Zhao Qiyao , Yuan Mingyi , Fan Yuyun , Li Mingdi
Published: February 2025

Objective

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Prunella vulgaris L. (PVL) preparations combined with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Methods

Eight Chinese and English databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PVL preparations combined with ATDs and ATDs for hyperthyroidism treatment. The Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Statistical analyses were performed using the Revman 5.3 software. Stata software (version 16.0) was used to detect publication bias. The GRADE system was used to assess the level of evidence.

Results

Seventeen studies were analyzed. The total sample size was 1,366 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that treatment with PVL preparations in combination with ATDs effectively reduced free triiodothyronine [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.98, 95%CI (−1.39, −0.57), P < 0.00001], free thyroxine [SMD = −0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.16, −0.47), P < 0.00001], thyrotropin receptor antibody [SMD = −1.11, 95%CI (−1.52, −0.71), P < 0.00001], thyroid isthmus thickness [mean difference (MD) = −0.13, 95%CI (−0.15, −0.10), P < 0.00001], width of left thyroid lobe [MD = −0.22, 95%CI (−0.27, −0.17), P < 0.00001], thickness of left thyroid lobe [MD = - 0.22, 95%CI (−0.33, −0.10), P = 0.0003], length of left thyroid lobe [MD = −0.63, 95%CI (−0.79, −0.47), P < 0.00001], width of right thyroid lobe [MD = −0.21, 95%CI (−0.26, −0.16), P < 0.00001], thickness of right thyroid lobe [MD = −0.27, 95%CI (−0.32, −0.22), P < 0.00001], length of right thyroid lobe [MD = −0.45, 95%CI (−0.61, −0.28), P < 0.00001], incidence of adverse events [risk ratio (RR) = 0.34, 95%CI (0.24, 0.50), P < 0.00001], tumor necrosis factor-α [SMD = −2.05, 95%CI (−2.85, −1.25), P < 0.00001], and increasing thyroid-stimulating hormone [SMD = 0.71, 95%CI (0.43, 0.99), P < 0.00001], and interleukin-10 [MD = 1.73, 95%CI (1.35, 2.10), P < 0.00001] better than that of ATDs alone. Combination therapy with PVL preparations was comparable to the efficacy of ATDs alone in improving relapse rates and interleukin-6 and interferon gamma levels.

Conclusion

Treatment of hyperthyroidism with PVL preparations in combination with ATDs was superior to treatment with ATDs alone in terms of improvements in thyroid function, thyroid antibodies, thyroid gland size, inflammation, and incidence of adverse events. However, owing to the low strength of evidence from the included studies, this conclusion requires further validation in more high-quality RCTs.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42024572591.
The psychological cost of climate change: anxiety among adolescents and young adults - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub , Shafi Khalid Mahmood , Hussain Abid
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Climate change is an undeniable reality that has never before been experienced at such a higher scale of social, physical, and mental levels. Its impact has been studied at environmental, health, economic and sustainable survival levels, but the toll that it takes on the mind, especially among the youth, needs further studies to highlight the impact. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on anxiety among adolescents and young adults in the Global South.

Methods

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among students from all levels of education in the Global South. A total of 760 respondents including 202 from schools, 158 from colleges, and 400 from degree-awarding institutes and universities, (200 were undergraduates and 200 were graduates) voluntarily participated in the study. Based on their age and gender distribution, the average age was 18.56 years, 363 (47.7%) were males, and 397 (52.3%) were females. The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) was used to investigate the level of ecological anxiety among the youth in the Global South. The three categories of anxiety symptoms in terms of affective symptoms, behavioural symptoms, and personal impact were investigated.

Results

The results revealed that the affective symptom shows a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship with age, higher the age higher the affective symptom of anxiety. The impact of income on affective symptoms, the respondents with a higher income have the highest mean (M=1.61), the higher the income the higher the affective symptoms of anxiety. To assess the difference in the anxiety symptoms based on the education level of respondents, the highest mean value was found among those with graduate (M=1.78), followed by college (M=.88), university (M=.83) and school (M=.82), which means that the highest affective symptoms are faced by graduate students.

Conclusions

The results show a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship between age and income on anxiety symptoms, the higher the age and income higher the affective symptom of anxiety. The youth of the global south feel little anxiety due to climate change; this is detrimental and needs urgent remedial measures. To combat climate change requires a multi-pronged approach, with solutions ranging from personal responsibilities and actions to large-scale systemic changes to tackle this critical challenge.
Public perception of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia during the Omicron wave: recommendations for policy improvement
Authors: Almalki Mohammed J. , Alotaibi Amani A. , Jabour Abdulrahman M. , Elamin Ali , Hetany Wafa A , Adam Hamza Abdullah M. , Moafa Hassan N , Alamer Ahmed S. , Alsharif Anwar , Almalki Sami M.
Published: February 2025

Background

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants makes it difficult to forecast potential epidemiological changes. This study investigates Saudi citizens’ perceptions of COVID-19 during the Omicron wave.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey and a convenience sample of 746 participants. The survey included questions about demographics, anxiety levels, and perception of COVID-19 during the Omicron wave.

Results

Our findings revealed that 27.3% of the participants believed that COVID-19 cases would decrease, while 30.2% believed that cases would increase; the remaining 42.5% were uncertain. When asked about the primary reasons for expecting a rise in COVID-19 cases, the two most frequently cited causes were non-adherence to prevention measures (74.7%) and the high transmissibility of the virus (66.7%). Conversely, when asked about the primary reasons for expecting a decrease in COVID-19 cases, participants cited the availability of free vaccines (60.3%), government measures (59.9%), compliance with preventive measures (57.4%), and health awareness programs (44.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that anxiety about COVID-19 (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.15–1.32) and education level (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11–2.25) were significant predictors of respondents’ expectations of increases or decreases in COVID-19 cases (p < 0.05). Around 46.2% of participants were moderately to highly worried about the reinstatement of lockdowns, while 36.2% reported moderate to high levels of anxiety related to COVID-19. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who reported higher levels of worry about the reinstatement of lockdowns were 1.28 times more likely to experience higher levels of anxiety related to COVID-19 (p < 0.05). A few participants were hesitant to adhere to preventive measures because they had already been vaccinated or believed that COVID-19 was not real or severe. This hesitancy raises public health concerns, suggesting that some individuals may underestimate the risks associated with COVID-19 and future pandemics.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into how Saudi citizens perceived COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. Understanding these perceptions can guide the development of public health policies, optimize resource allocation, help control the potential transmission of viral variants, and enhance preparedness for future pandemics.
Uropathogen profiles and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in patients: a three-year retrospective study in Sichuan region
Authors: Xu Xiaofang , Wang Yuanfang , Li Ning , Jin Yilei , Xu Xinyi , Zhou Zhiwei , Xie Yi , Sun Qun
Published: February 2025

Background

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection requiring empiric antibiotic treatment. Due to the increased antibiotic resistance of uropathogens and their regional variation, monitoring pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility is important to ensure effective antibiotic therapy. This retrospective study analyzed the 3-year-long uropathogen profiles and their resistance from a single tertiary general hospital (single-center) and 28 hospitals (multi-center) to provide data allowing guidance for appropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment for UTI.

Methods

A total of 26,108 non-repetitive clinical urine isolates from the single-center during 2017–2019 and the multi-center in 2018 were collected, the pathogen and antimicrobial resistance profiles were analyzed.

Results

Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the top five bacterial pathogens for both the multi-center and single-center, while the proportion of Candida albicans was higher in the single-center. E. coli was the most resistant species, with resistance rates exceeding 50% for 13/30 of the antibiotics tested, even exceeding 80% for ampicillin, nalidixic acid and piperacillin. Particularly, the resistance rates of E. coli to cefazolin were 62.7% in the multi-center while exceeding 90% in the single-center. Similarly, the resistance rates of K. pneumoniae were approximately 40% ~ 60% to 16/29 of the antibiotics tested in the single-center, compared to 30% ~ 50% in the multi-center. In enterococci, E. faecium showed the resistance rates exceeding 90% for 6/10 of the antibiotics tested, while E. faecalis was highly resistant to erythromycin (> 66%) and tetracycline (> 81%). The main fungal pathogens were C. albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata, with the highest resistance rates exceeding 30% for C. tropicalis to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole. The main extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates were E. coli (86.3%) and K. pneumoniae (11.3%), with resistance rates exceeding 60% for cephalosporins, sulfonamides, quinolones and tetracycline in the single-center.

Conclusion

Escherichia coli, E. faecium, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans were the main uropathogens in the southwestern region of China, while E. coli and E. faecium showed the highest antibiotic resistance. The high resistance of ESBL-producing isolates to cephalosporins, sulfonamides, quinolones and tetracycline in the tertiary general hospital suggests a greater challenge to their antibiotic administration and timely ESBL test, and the empirical antimicrobial therapy should greatly consider the updated local characteristics of the uropathogen resistance, and be more cautious in the tertiary general hospital where patients are more likely to harbor higher resistant pathogens.
Experimental Evaluation of Multi- and Single-Drone Systems with 1D LiDAR Sensors for Stockpile Volume Estimation
Authors: Alsayed Ahmad , Bana Fatemeh , Arvin Farshad , Quinn Mark K. , Nabawy Mostafa R. A.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the application of low-cost 1D LiDAR sensors in drone-based stockpile volume estimation, with a focus on indoor environments. Three approaches were experimentally investigated: (i) a multi-drone system equipped with static, downward-facing 1D LiDAR sensors combined with an adaptive formation control algorithm; (ii) a single drone with a static, downward-facing 1D LiDAR following a zigzag trajectory; and (iii) a single drone with an actuated 1D LiDAR in an oscillatory fashion to enhance scanning coverage while following a shorter trajectory. The adaptive formation control algorithm, newly developed in this study, synchronises the drones’ waypoint arrivals and facilitates smooth transitions between dynamic formation shapes. Real-world experiments conducted in a motion-tracking indoor facility confirmed the effectiveness of all three approaches in accurately completing scanning tasks, as per intended waypoints allocation. A trapezoidal prism stockpile was scanned, and the volume estimation accuracy of each approach was compared. The multi-drone system achieved an average volumetric error of 1.3%, similar to the single drone with a static sensor, but with less than half the flight time. Meanwhile, the actuated LiDAR system required shorter paths but experienced a higher volumetric error of 4.4%, primarily due to surface reconstruction outliers and common LiDAR bias when scanning at non-vertical angles.
DeepAF: Transformer-Based Deep Data Association and Track Filtering Network for Multi-Target Tracking in Clutter
Authors: Cui Yaqi , Xu Pingliang , Sun Weiwei , Zhang Shaoqing , Li Jiaying
Published: February 2025

Based on the transformer model, a deep data association and track filtering network (DeepAF) was constructed in this paper to achieve the function of data association and end-to-end track filtering. Combined with the existing track initiation methods, DeepAF can be used to track multiple targets in clutter environments. Experimental results show that DeepAF can stably and effectively track targets moving in different models such as constant velocity, constant acceleration, and constant turn rate. Compared with the probability hypothesis density filter and the probabilistic data association method, which were set with different state transition matrices manually to match with the actual target motion models, DeepAF has similar estimation accuracy in respect of target velocity and better estimation accuracy in respect of target position with less time consumption. For position estimation, compared with PHD, DeepAF can reduce the estimation error by 49.978, 49.263, and 2.706 m in the CV, CA, and CT motion models. Compared with PDA, DeepAF can reduce the estimation error by 13.465, 23.98, and 4.716 m in CV, CA, and CT motion models. For time consumption, compared with PHD, DeepAF can reduce the time by 991.2, 982.3, and 979.5 s in CV, CA, and CT motion models. Compared with PDA, DeepAF can reduce the time by 61.6, 60.5, and 61.4 s in CV, CA, and CT motion models.
An Efficient Method for Counting Large-Scale Plantings of Transplanted Crops in UAV Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Huihua , Zhang Yuhang , Li Zhengfang , Li Mofei , Wu Haiwen , Jia Youdong , Yang Jiankun , Bi Shun
Published: February 2025

Counting the number of transplanted crops is a crucial link in agricultural production, serving as a key method to promptly obtain information on crop growth conditions and ensure the yield and quality. The existing counting methods primarily rely on manual counting or estimation, which are inefficient, costly, and difficult to evaluate statistically. Additionally, some deep-learning-based algorithms can only crop large-scale remote sensing images obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into smaller sub-images for counting. However, this fragmentation often leads to incomplete crop contours of some transplanted crops, issues such as over-segmentation, repeated counting, low statistical efficiency, and also requires a significant amount of data annotation and model training work. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper first proposes an effective framework for farmland segmentation, named MED-Net, based on DeepLabV3+, integrating MobileNetV2 and Efficient Channel Attention Net (ECA-Net), enabling precise plot segmentation. Secondly, color masking for transplanted crops is established in the HSV color space to further remove background information. After filtering and denoising, the contours of transplanted crops are extracted. An efficient contour filtering strategy is then applied to enable accurate counting. This paper conducted experiments on tobacco counting, and the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed MED-Net framework could accurately segment farmland in UAV large-scale remote sensing images with high similarity and complex backgrounds. The contour extraction and filtering strategy can effectively and accurately identify the contours of transplanted crops, meeting the requirements for rapid and accurate survival counting in the early stage of transplantation.
Dissection of Resistance Loci to Bacterial Leaf Streak in Rice by a Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Liu Jianju , Wu Yunyu , Xiao Ning , Cai Yue , Wei Tian , Yu Ling , Chen Zichun , Shi Wei , Gao Peng , Zhu Shuhao , Pan Cunhong , Wang Zhiping , Huang Niansheng , Li Yuhong , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Ji Hongjuan , Li Aihong
Published: February 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) seriously threatens rice production. This disease can be controlled by cultivating lines with appropriate resistance genes. To discover new resistance loci, a natural population of 246 sequenced backbone varieties of indica rice was inoculated with Xoc in the field, and their disease level was evaluated. The population structure, distribution of resistance phenotypes, and effect of combinations of resistance genes were analyzed in a genome-wide association study. On the basis of single nucleotide polymorphism data and disease phenotypes at the seedling stage, seven resistance loci (qBls1.1, qBls4.1, qBls5.1, qBls7.1, qBls8.1, qBls9.1, and qBls12.1) were identified to determine the superior haplotype of the corresponding loci, which showed stronger BLS resistance. The effects of combining loci were analyzed. As the number of superior haplotypes increased, BLS resistance tended to increase, indicating that BLS resistance can be significantly improved by pyramiding multiple resistance loci in ideal germplasm. This study provides new resistance loci and genetic resources for breeding BLS-resistant rice varieties. These genetic resources will be useful for the fine mapping of resistance loci, gene cloning, and the breeding of BLS-resistant varieties in follow-up research.
Longitudinal Patterns in the Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bovine Mastitis-Causing Bacteria in Ireland
Authors: Naranjo-Lucena Amalia , Becker Philip , Madigan Gillian , Cupial Rebecca , Byrne Brian , Johnson Alan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Bovine mastitis remains a challenge for the Irish dairy industry. This study aimed to explore the seasonality and antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens obtained by the regional laboratories (RVL) of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. Methods: Seasonality of isolation of the most common bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of those species repeatedly obtained in the same herds in different years were explored using the RVL diagnostic data. Additionally, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to establish the persistency of Staphylococcus aureus strains within the same herd. Results: A clear seasonality was observed in the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Escherichia coli from milk. Seasonal differences were statistically significant within and between bacterium. Persistence of resistance within herds was highest in S. aureus against penicillin (35.5% of herds) and in S. uberis against pirlimycin (14% of herds), while E. coli did not show persistence of resistance to any antimicrobials. Sequencing of S. aureus isolates revealed that the strains causing mastitis in ten out of twenty-one herds were similar genetically in different years. In seven of these herds, S. aureus was persistently resistant to penicillin. Isolates from two different herds were practically identical and carried the human immune evasion cluster genes (IEC, scn, sak, chp and sea) suggesting a recent human-bovine host switch event. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted biosecurity measures and monitoring programs to mitigate the spread of mastitis-causing pathogens and enhance antimicrobial stewardship in the Irish dairy industry, while it also highlights the significance of including a One Health perspective in surveillance programs.
Experimental Study of Complex Coupled Deep Tillage Mechanism and Drag Reduction
Authors: Wang Lihe , Zhao Yonglai , Li Ying , Zhang Xu , Su Hongjie
Published: February 2025

The high resistance and energy consumption of deep tillage operations reduce the economic benefits of conservation tillage. This study is based on an air-assisted wing-shaped deep tillage subsoiler previously developed by the research team. Biomimetic elements from the geometric structures of badger claws and pangolin scales were incorporated into the coupling design applied to the subsoiler tip of the air-assisted wing-shaped deep tillage subsoiler. To better explore the key parameters affecting the reduction in the resistance and wear in the coupled biomimetic deep tillage subsoiler and to identify new variations in the complex coupled biomimetic structure during deep tillage, field experiments were conducted. The results show that, under the experimental conditions of an air pressure of 2.2 MPa, a working speed of 3.31 km/h, and a subsoiler width of 150 mm, the deep tillage specific resistance (SDF) reached 3.12, demonstrating significant drag reduction effects. This research provides a new theoretical basis and practical guidance for the design and application of deep tillage subsoilers.
Modular Neural Network Model for Biometric Authentication of Personnel in Critical Infrastructure Facilities Based on Facial Images
Authors: Korchenko Oleksandr , Tereikovskyi Ihor , Ziubina Ruslana , Tereikovska Liudmyla , Korystin Oleksandr , Tereikovskyi Oleh , Karpinskyi Volodymyr
Published: February 2025

The widespread implementation of neural network tools for biometric authentication based on facial and iris images at critical infrastructure facilities has significantly increased the level of security. However, modern requirements dictate the need to modernize these tools to increase resistance to spoofing attacks, as well as to provide a base for assessing the compliance of the psycho-emotional state of personnel with job responsibilities, which is difficult to ensure using traditional monolithic neural network models. Therefore, this article is devoted to the development of a modular neural network model that provides effective biometric authentication for critical infrastructure personnel based on facial images, taking into account the listed requirements. When developing the model, an approach was used in which the functionality of each module was defined in such a way as to correspond to a task traditionally solved by a separate neural network model. This made it possible to use in each individual module a tested and accessible toolkit that has proven its effectiveness in solving the corresponding problem, which, in turn, compared to traditional approaches, allows for a 30–40% increase in the efficiency of the development and adaptation of authentication tools for the conditions of their application. Innovative features of the developed modular model include the ability to recognize spoofing attacks based on environmental artifacts and the naturalness of emotions, as well as an increase in the accuracy of person recognition due to the use of a U-Net neural network to highlight natural facial contours in occlusions. The experimental results show that the proposed model allows for a 5–10% decrease in person recognition error, recognition of spoofing attacks based on the naturalness of emotions and images of background objects, and recognition of the emotional state of personnel, which increases the efficiency of biometric authentication tools.
An Efficient Data Transmission Protocol Based on Embedded System Using Cellular Technology Infrastructure
Authors: Isaza Cesar , Zavala De Paz Jonny Paul , Anaya Ely Karina , Rizzo Sierra Jose Amilcar , Ramirez-Gutierrez Cristian Felipe , Ibarra Tapia Pamela Rocio
Published: February 2025

Every time the proper functioning of the vehicles must be guaranteed, as well as safety and efficiency. To achieve this, some expensive solutions are used, with few connectivity options and that fail to meet consumer demand. This paper presents a low-cost hardware system for the design of a real-time communication protocol between the electronic control unit (ECU) of a vehicle and a remote server based in a embedded system. A dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) approach is implemented, so error codes (DTCs) are always available on a unit equipped with this system. The vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication protocol through voice channels is provided by cellular technology infrastructure, in which primary information is shared to monitor vehicles. With real-time data transmission, communication is established through a voice phone call between the vehicle’s ECU and the destination server, communicating the DTC codes. The system shows that the communication protocol has an effectiveness of 78.23%, which means that with the use of 2G technology, which is active and operating in many regions, it allows the information with the data to be received by the receiving user. Through this implemented system, it is ensured that if a vehicle suffers an accident or stops due to a mechanical failure in a region where there is no cellular technology coverage, information or a message can be sent so that through communication the rescue can be carried out using an cellular technology coverage.
Development of a Simplified One-Dimensional Model of Humidity in the Cabin of a Passenger Aircraft Based on an Experiment
Authors: Teleszewski Tomasz Janusz , Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

This publication presents the results of research on air humidity in the cabin of a passenger aircraft and develops a simplified model of absolute humidity during an aircraft flight as a function of time, number of passengers, aircraft cabin volume, number of air changes, moisture generated by passengers, initial air humidity, and supply air humidity. Based on the measurement results and the developed model, the humidity generated by a single passenger was estimated at 35 g/h, while the number of air changes in the aircraft cabin ranged from 10 L/h to 19 L/h. In order to increase the humidity in the aircraft cabin, it was proposed to modify the ventilation system by adding a humidifier chamber to the supply duct, a controller with the developed model implemented, and a humidity sensor in the aircraft cabin and the supply duct. The value of absolute humidity in the air supplied behind the humidifier chamber can be determined based on the presented algorithm. The developed model based on the humidity balance in the cabin of a passenger aircraft can be used in algorithms for automatic regulation of ventilation in passenger aircraft.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: Potential Applications in Human Infertility Caused by Hormonal Imbalance, External Damage, or Immune Factors
Authors: Kavaldzhieva Katerina , Mladenov Nikola , Markova Maya , Belemezova Kalina
Published: February 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a source of a wide range of soluble factors, including different proteins, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and DNA and RNA molecules, in addition to numerous secondary metabolites and byproducts of their metabolism. MSC secretome can be formally divided into secretory and vesicular parts, both of which are very important for intercellular communication and are involved in processes such as angiogenesis, proliferation, and immunomodulation. Exosomes are thought to have the same content and function as the MSCs from which they are derived, but they also have a number of advantages over stem cells, including low immunogenicity, unaltered functional activity during freezing and thawing, and a lack of tumor formation. In addition, MSC pre-treatment with various inflammatory factors or hypoxia can alter their secretomes so that it can be modified into a more effective treatment. Paracrine factors secreted by MSCs improve the survival of other cell populations by several mechanisms, including immunomodulatory (mostly anti-inflammatory) activity and anti-apoptotic activity partly based on Hsp27 upregulation. Reproductive medicine is one of the fields in which this cell-free approach has been extensively researched. This review presents the possible applications and challenges of using MSC secretome in the treatment of infertility. MSCs and their secretions have been shown to have beneficial effects in various models of female and male infertility resulting from toxic damage, endocrine disorders, trauma, infectious agents, and autoimmune origin.
Phytohormonal Regulation of Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Leaf Senescence and Yield Response in Field Crops: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Panozzo Anna , Bolla Pranay Kumar , Barion Giuseppe , Botton Alessandro , Vamerali Teofilo
Published: February 2025

Field crops are expected to be increasingly threatened by climate change, which will negatively impact plant development, growth and yield. Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating specific signalling pathways to induce rapid adaptive responses to environmental stresses. Exogenous phytohormone application alters hormonal balance, thereby enhancing plant adaptation to adverse conditions. While several studies have advanced our understanding of the use of phytohormones in field crops, yield responses and species-specific application strategies remain inconsistent and rarely assessed under field conditions. The application of cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) has been shown to maintain prolonged photosynthetic activity, stabilize plasma membrane, and reduce lipid peroxidation and ion accumulation under salinity stress in wheat. Additionally, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis and receptors can mitigate stress symptoms under drought and heat stress, which typically accelerates senescence and shortens the grain-filling period in cereal crops. In this way, exogenous application of CKs, GA, and ethylene inhibitors can delay senescence by sustaining leaf photosynthetic activity and postponing nutrient remobilization. However, these benefits may not consistently translate into improvements in grain yield and quality. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of phytohormones in abiotic stress tolerance, delineates their specific functions and evaluates experimental findings from field applications. It also summarizes the potential of phytohormone applications in field crops, emphasizing the need for species-specific investigations on application timing and dosages under open-field conditions to optimize their agronomic potential.
Phytochemicals Targeting BDNF Signaling for Treating Neurological Disorders
Authors: Singh Alka Ashok , Katiyar Shweta , Song Minseok
Published: February 2025

Neurological disorders are defined by a deterioration or disruption of the nervous system’s structure and function. These diseases, which include multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and schizophrenia, are caused by intricate pathological processes that include excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, genetic mutations, and compromised neurotrophic signaling. Although current pharmaceutical treatments relieve symptoms, their long-term efficacy is limited due to adverse side effects and weak neuroprotective properties. However, when combined with other neuroprotective drugs or adjunct therapy, they may offer additional benefits and improve treatment outcomes. Phytochemicals have emerged as attractive therapeutic agents due to their ability to regulate essential neurotrophic pathways, especially the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling cascade. BDNF is an important target for neurodegenerative disease (ND) treatment since it regulates neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. This review emphasizes the molecular pathways through which various phytochemicals—such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds—stimulate BDNF expression and modulate its downstream signaling pathways, including GSK-3β, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, CREB, and Wnt/β-catenin. This paper also highlights how phytochemical combinations may interact to enhance BDNF activity, offering new therapeutic options for ND treatment. Despite their potential for neuroprotection, phytochemicals face challenges related to pharmacokinetics, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and absorption, highlighting the need for further research into combination therapies and improved formulations. Clinical assessment and mechanistic understanding of BDNF-targeted phytotherapy should be the main goals of future studies. The therapeutic efficacy of natural compounds in regulating neurotrophic signaling is highlighted in this review, providing a viable approach to the prevention and treatment of NDs.
Carbonated Aggregates and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymers: Advancing Sustainable Concrete for Structural Use
Authors: Shamass Rabee , Limbachiya Vireen , Ajibade Oluwatoyin , Rabi Musab , Lopez Hector Ulises Levatti , Zhou Xiangming
Published: February 2025

In the transition towards a circular economy, redesigning construction materials for enhanced sustainability becomes crucial. To contribute to this goal, this paper investigates the integration of carbonated aggregates (CAs) and basalt fibre-reinforced polymers (BFRPs) in concrete infrastructures as an alternative to natural sand (NS) and steel reinforcement. CA is manufactured using accelerated carbonation that utilizes CO2 to turn industrial byproducts into mineralised products. The structural performance of CA and BFRP-reinforced concrete simply supported slab was investigated through conducting a series of experimental tests to assess the key structural parameters, including bond strength, bearing capacity, failure behavior, and cracking bbehaviour. Carbon footprint analysis (CFA) was conducted to understand the environmental impact of incorporating BFRP and CA. The results indicate that CA exhibits a higher water absorption rate compared to NS. As the CA ratio increased, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), compressive, tensile, and flexural strength decreased, and the absorption capacity of concrete increased. Furthermore, incorporating 25% CA in concrete has no significant effect on the bond strength of BFRP. However, the load capacity decreased with an increasing CA replacement ratio. Finally, integrating BFRP and 50% of CA into concrete slabs reduced the slab’s CFA by 9.7% when compared with steel-reinforced concrete (RC) slabs.
Investigation of the Impact of Material Rheology on the Interlayer Bonding Performance of Solid Waste 3D-Printed Components
Authors: Li Yifan , Chen Shuisheng , Yang Liuhua , Guo Chuan , Li Zhentao , Chen Youliang
Published: February 2025

With the rapid advancement of 3D printing technology in low-carbon construction, the constructability of 3D printing materials has increasingly garnered attention. The constructability of these materials is intrinsically linked to their rheological properties. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of additives, specifically hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), on the rheological properties of materials. The findings indicated that HPMC significantly increased both shear stress and apparent viscosity while also enhancing the thixotropic loop area. In contrast, PCE was found to reduce viscosity and yield stress, thereby improving fluidity and plasticity. The judicious incorporation of PCE (less than 0.003) and HPMC (less than 0.002) can enhance the rheological properties of the printing material, thereby improving the stability and interlayer bonding characteristics of the 3D printing structure. However, an excessive amount will result in a reduction in fluidity and cohesion, adversely impacting the printing quality. At this stage, the occurrence of cracks increases, which is detrimental to interlayer adhesion. Therefore, the judicious control of the proportions of PCE and HPMC can enhance the fluidity and viscosity of the material, thereby improving interlayer bonding strength and print quality.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Buildings’ Exterior Wall Insulation Based on Comprehensive Analysis Models and Assessment Indexes
Authors: Wang Haitao , He Zhu , Guo Chengzhou
Published: February 2025

Employing thermal insulation in buildings’ exterior walls is an effective technical measure to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings. A multi-objective optimization method is presented for exterior wall insulation in buildings based on the equivalent full-load hours-based energy consumption (EFLHEC) prediction method, comprehensive analysis(economic, energy, and carbon emission) models, and assessment indexes. The presented optimization design method consists of an EFLHEC-based energy consumption prediction module, a comprehensive analysis model-based quantitative evaluation module, and a balanced index-based optimal design scheme determination module. Comprehensive analysis models are developed to evaluate economic performance, energy, and carbon emissions of external wall insulation. The balanced index method is extended to cope with economic, energy, and carbon emission factors of buildings’ external wall insulation. The research results showed that the EFLHEC provided an accurate and simple energy consumption prediction method for buildings’ exterior walls. The optimal design scheme was determined by comparing the values of balanced indexes for different design schemes of external wall insulation. Cooling and heating source type had important influences on the optimal insulation layer thicknesses, economic performance, and carbon emissions of external wall insulation in buildings. The largest variations in the balanced index for different types of insulation and different types of cooling and heating sources were 0.14 and 0.41, respectively. The cooling and heating source type should be considered in optimizing the design of external wall insulation in buildings. The best solution was obtained by EPS and natural gas for an office building in Zhengzhou city in China. The presented multi-objective optimization method is very helpful in solving the complex engineering problem of optimizing external wall insulation.
A Novel Digital PCR Assay for Accurate Detection and Differentiation of Focal and Non-Focal Subtypes of Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition (MET) Gene Amplification in Lung Cancer
Authors: Shek Raymond C. M. , Li Peggy S. N. , Leung Shelley C. M. , Chu H. T. , Hioe F. , Tang Victor W. L. , Lui Y. H. , Lam Larry R. S. , Ng Joshua H. Y. , Wong Raiden T. S. , Yau Miranda C. Y. , Lam Jimmy Y. W. , Siu Gilman K. H.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) gene amplification is a critical biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), significantly influencing treatment decisions and prognostic evaluations. However, current detection methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have limitations in speed, cost, and specificity, particularly when distinguishing between focal MET amplification and MET polysomy. Methods: This study introduces a novel digital PCR (dPCR) assay designed not only to detect MET amplification but also to differentiate between its focal and non-focal subtypes. The assay was evaluated against established FISH and targeted NGS panels using 55 NSCLC samples with known MET amplification statuses (26 positive and 29 negative) confirmed by FISH and NGS. Results The dPCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity (96.0%) and specificity (96.7%), achieving 100% concordance with FISH in differentiating focal MET amplification from MET polysomy. Additionally, the assay exhibited excellent precision, accuracy, and linearity (R2 = 1.00) in MET copy number quantification, surpassing NGS in diagnostic performance. Offering a robust, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to FISH, the dPCR assay significantly reduces the turnaround time (3 h versus 2 days) and provides a quantitative and objective method for MET amplification detection and subtype differentiation. This makes it suitable for clinical laboratories with limited molecular expertise. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of the dPCR assay to complement existing molecular diagnostic techniques, delivering reliable and actionable results for MET-targeted therapy selection in NSCLC patients and thereby advancing precision oncology.
Effect of Chromium Precursor on the Catalytic Behavior of Chromium Oxide Catalysts in Oxidative Propane and Isobutane Dehydrogenation with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Tedeeva Marina A. , Mashkin Mikhail Yu. , Baybursky Vladimir L. , Pribytkov Petr V. , Murashova Elena V. , Kalmykov Konstantin B. , Shesterkina Anastasiya A. , Kapustin Gennady I. , Tkachenko Olga P. , Dunaev Sergey F. , Kustov Leonid M. , Kustov Alexander L.
Published: February 2025

A series of 5 wt.% Cr/SiO2 catalysts were prepared through incipient wet impregnation using different chromium salts as a source of Cr (chromium (III) sulfate, acetylacetonate, nitrate, ammonium dichromate). The obtained catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDX, TEM, DRIFT-CD3CN spectroscopy, UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the N2 low-temperature adsorption–desorption technique. The catalysts were tested in propane, and isobutane dehydrogenation assisted with CO2 at 600–750 °C. The highest activity in propane dehydrogenation was observed for the catalyst obtained from chromium acetylacetonate, the yield of propylene was 32% at 750 °C, and in the isobutane dehydrogenation reaction, the catalyst obtained from chromium sulfate was the best one; the yield of isobutene was ~30% at 600 °C. The obtained results show that the type of chromium precursor has a significant effect on the efficiency of the catalyst in the propane and isobutane dehydrogenation with CO2.
Photocatalytically Induced Degradation of Nano-TiO2-Modified Paint Coatings Under Low-Radiation Conditions
Authors: Kalinowski Maciej , Chilmon Karol , Kuziak Justyna , Łukowski Paweł , Jackiewicz-Rek Wioletta
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic coatings incorporating nano-TiO2 have emerged as effective solutions for air purification, utilizing solar radiation to degrade airborne pollutants. However, the long-term stability of such coatings, particularly those based on organic binders, remains a concern due to their susceptibility to photocatalytic-driven degradation. This study investigates the effects of low-intensity UV-A irradiation (1–10 W/m2) on acrylic-based photocatalytic coatings’ structural integrity and air purification performance. The findings reveal that significant binder decomposition occurs even under low irradiation conditions—comparable to natural sunlight exposure in Northern and Central Europe during autumn and winter. The surface porosity increased from 2.28% to 9.09% due to polymer degradation, exposing more nano-TiO2 particles and enhancing NO removal efficiency from approximately 120 µg/hm2 to 360 µg/hm2 under UV-A irradiation (1 W/m2). However, this process also resulted in benzene emissions reaching approximately five ppb, raising concerns about secondary pollution and the potential release of nano-TiO2 due to polymer matrix disintegration. These findings highlight the need for optimized coating formulations that balance photocatalytic efficiency with long-term material stability, mitigating the environmental and health risks associated with secondary pollutant emissions.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles Using Bixa orellana and Nerium oleander Leaf Extracts at Low Temperature and Neutral pH
Authors: Valle-Rivera Eiser , Jáuregui-Rosas Segundo R. , Avila-Concepción Sergio P. R. , Samanamud-Moreno Fanny V. , Zavaleta-Espejo Gina G. , Huaman-Quispe Jovanna , Gavidia-Sare Sharol , Saldaña-Jiménez José A.
Published: February 2025

Mn3O4 nanoparticles have been synthesized using alcoholic extracts, at pH = 7 and low temperature (60 °C), from different masses (1.00, 3.00, 5.00, and 7.00 g) of fresh leaves from Nerium oleander and Bixa orellana, without additional heat treatment. Appropriate techniques were used to identify the secondary metabolites of the extracts and evaluate the structural, optical, and chemical properties of the nanoparticles. The XRD results confirmed the formation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles with crystallite size in the 5−8 nm range, with more notable effects on the crystallinity of the nanoparticles obtained with B. orellana extracts. The greatest effect on the bandgap was observed in nanoparticles synthesized with N. oleander extracts. Raman spectra confirmed phonon confinement, and in the PL spectra, emission bands associated with structural defects, such as oxygen vacancies, were observed. In FTIR spectra, the main bands of Mn3O4 were identified, whose intensity decreased as the concentration of extract and other bands associated with functional groups of the extract increased. TEM images showed nanoparticles were spherical with 7.81 nm (N1) and 7.94 nm (B1) average diameters. The extract from N. oleander leaves was more appropriate than that from B. orellana for the synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles under the conditions used.
Sagittal Plane Kinematic Deviations and Spatio-Temporal Gait Characteristics in Children with Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Comparative Analysis Using Statistical Parametric Mapping
Authors: Pozuelo-Calvo Rocio , Serrano-Garcia Almudena , Archilla-Bonilla Yolanda , Ruiz-Zafra Angel , Noguera-Garcia Manuel , Benghazi-Akhlaki Kawtar , Membrilla-Mesa Miguel , DiCaudo Carla , Heredia-Jimenez Jose
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Idiopathic Toe Walking (ITW) is a pediatric gait disorder characterized by persistent toe-to-heel ambulation in the absence of neurological, orthopedic, or developmental abnormalities. While spatio-temporal parameters often remain within normal ranges, subtle but clinically significant kinematic deviations may underlie compensatory mechanisms that sustain gait functionality. This study aims to evaluate spatio-temporal and sagittal plane kinematic differences between children with ITW and typically developing peers using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). Methods: A cohort of 30 children with ITW and 30 typically developing peers aged 6–12 years participated in this study. Spatio-temporal variables, including step length, cadence, stride length, walking speed, single support phase, and swing phase, were analyzed using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Sagittal plane kinematics of the pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle were compared between groups using SPM to identify significant deviations across the gait cycle. Results: Significant differences were identified in the single support and swing phases, with higher values observed in the ITW group (p < 0.05). Sagittal plane kinematics revealed a consistent reduction in anterior pelvic tilt (p = 0.002), reduced hip and knee flexion during stance and swing phases (p < 0.001), and excessive ankle plantarflexion during early stance and terminal swing phases (p < 0.001). The plantarflexion observed at the end of the gait cycle corresponded to early gait phases due to methodological considerations of the coordinate-based event detection algorithm. Conclusions: Children with ITW demonstrate distinct spatio-temporal adaptations, including increased single support and swing phases, along with reduced walking velocity compared to typically developing peers. These findings, coupled with significant sagittal plane kinematic deviations, suggest altered neuromuscular control and joint mechanics. These insights highlight the importance of detailed kinematic analyses to identify biomechanical deficits and inform targeted interventions. Future research should explore the long-term musculoskeletal consequences of these deviations and optimize therapeutic strategies, such as physical therapy and orthotic interventions, to improve gait functionality and quality of life.