bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal configuration of energy storage considering flexibility requirements and operational risks in a power system
Authors: Hui Zijia , Yan Huan , Li Bingchen , He Wenwen , Wu Xiong
Published: March 2024

The integration of renewable energy units into power systems brings a huge challenge to the flexible regulation ability. As an efficient and convenient flexible resource, energy storage systems (ESSs) have the advantages of fast-response characteristics and bi-directional power conversion, which can provide flexible support for the power system. This paper establishes an optimization model for the ESS based on a bi-level programming model. The upper-level model optimizes the decision strategy of ESS configuration planning. The lower-level model is based on scenario analysis theory to simulate the operation of typical daily scenarios. Flexibility requirement constraints are added to characterize the required flexibility resources of the power system. In addition, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is applied to characterize the risk of wind curtailment and load shedding during operation. To simplify the model, a set of association constraints is introduced to convert the original bi-level programming model into a direct-solvable single-level mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through case studies.
Can intellectual property rights pilots reduce carbon emissions? Evidence from China
Authors: Han Haodong
Published: March 2024

In this paper, panel data from Chinese cities from 2000 to 2020 were used, and the intellectual property pilot was used as a quasi-natural experiment. The double difference model mainly tests the underlying mechanism of the impact of intellectual property rights pilots on urban carbon emissions. This study revealed that IPR pilots play an important role in reducing urban carbon emissions. Heterogeneity experiments reveal that IPR pilots are conducive to reducing carbon emissions in coastal as well as high greening cities and that the underlying mechanism through which IPR pilots affect urban carbon emissions mainly occurs at the level of innovation and the optimization of the industrial structure. In addition, this paper also validates the smoothness of the model by replacing the explanatory variables and performing a placebo test, which further strengthens the reliability of the paper’s conclusions.
Policy suggestions for tapping the potential of ocean carbon sinks in the context of “double carbon” goals in China
Authors: Wei Xuezhi , Wang Quansheng
Published: March 2024

China is rich in marine resources and has excellent potential for the development of oceanic carbon sinks. Ocean carbon sinks have shown broad application prospects, but the technical system for trading has not yet been perfected, the relevant legislation has not yet been established, etc. China should actively promote scientific research on ocean carbon sinks, improve the technical system of ocean carbon sinks, establish an ocean carbon sink trading system, and develop the eco-economy of ocean carbon sinks. It should also establish a sound system of laws and regulations to explore the potential of oceanic carbon sinks and contribute to the realization of China’s dual-carbon goal.
Race to the poles: the thermal response of the transcriptome of two range-expanding pelagic amphipod species
Authors: Martinez-Alarcón Diana , Held Christoph , Harms Lars , Auel Holger , Hagen Wilhelm , Havermans Charlotte
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Hyperiid amphipods of the genus Themisto are a key polar zooplankton group in terms of biomass and play an important role as prey for higher trophic levels. They are prone to undergo changes in abundance and distribution in the course of the ongoing environmental changes. In the Southern Ocean, Themisto gaudichaudii is predicted to expand its distribution poleward. In the Arctic, the boreal-Atlantic T. abyssorum increases in abundance, resulting in an increased competition with a genuine polar congener. It is not known, however, whether T. gaudichaudii and T. abyssorum have the potential to efficiently adapt to changing water temperatures at their current distribution range or whether they will be shifting their ranges poleward.

Methods

We exposed the two Themisto species from different geographic populations to temperature-change experiments, a cold treatment and a heat-shock treatment. After that, we carried out transcriptome sequencing to compare gene expression patterns in the different treatments and species.

Results

We show that under similar heat conditions, T. gaudichaudii differentially expressed more genes (26-fold change) than T. abyssorum. Furthermore, we observed qualitative differences between genetic clusters in T. gaudichaudii.

Discussion

The differences observed between genetic clusters in T. gaudichaudii suggest that evolutionary divergence can be linked to changes in the regulatory pathways involved in temperature stress. These could influence the capacity of each genetic cluster to cope differently with temperature changes. In contrast to its congeneric species, T. abyssorum showed a pronounced adaptive flexibility to thermal stress; it appears to have the ability to continue its poleward expansion but may also cope with increasing temperatures in its current environments. Our findings contribute to understand the response of two range-shifting Themisto species to thermal stress in view of the environmental gradients they encounter throughout their current or future distribution ranges.
Replacing fishmeal with salmon hydrolysate reduces the expression of intestinal inflammatory markers and modulates the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Sandbakken Ingrid Schafroth , Su Hang , Johansen Louise , Zhang Yupeng , Ringø Einar , Røsbak Randi , Yakovlev Igor , Five Kathrine Kjos , Olsen Rolf Erik
Published: March 2024

The feed legislation allows the use of fish protein hydrolysates in feed for the same species in which it came from, since enzymatic hydrolysis degrades the proteins and eliminates potential prions, which have caused disease in mammals, but not in fish. In this trial, we investigated the effects of partially replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) with salmon protein hydrolysate (FPH) on the intestinal gene expression and microbiota. Atlantic salmon post smolts were either fed a control diet containing 30% fishmeal (FM), a 20% FM diet with 9% salmon hydrolysate (FPH-09) or a 10% FM diet with 18% salmon hydrolysate (FPH-18), until doubling of weight. Gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing of pyloric caeca (PC), midgut (MG) and hindgut (HG) revealed a downregulation of immunological genes involved in inflammation in the intestine of FPH-18 fed salmon compared to salmon fed the FM control. The gene expression of paralogous peptide transporters (PepT) was analyzed by real time quantitative PCR in PC, anterior midgut (AMG), posterior midgut (PMG) and HG of salmon fed all the three diets. The PepT1b paralog had highest relative expression levels in PC and AMG, suggesting that PepT1b is most important for peptide uptake in the anterior intestine. PepT1a was also mainly expressed in the PC and AMG, but at lower levels than PepT1b and PepT2b in the AMG. The PepT2b paralog had high levels of expression in AMG, PMG and HG indicating that it contributed significantly to peptide uptake in the posterior part of the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota in the mucosa and digesta of the MG and HG, were dominated by the phyla Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, but also Firmicutes were present. The only dietary effect on the microbiota was the higher prevalence of the phyla Spirochaetes in the mucosa of FPH-18 fed salmon compared to the FM fed salmon. In conclusion, replacing FM with salmon hydrolysate reduced the expression of inflammatory markers in the Atlantic salmon intestine suggesting improved health benefits. The reduced inflammation may be related to the reduced FM content, potentially bioactive peptides in the hydrolysate and/or the altered gut microbial composition.
Case report: dengue fever associated acute macular neuroretinopathy
Authors: Wang How-Chen , Lin Chia-Ching , Chang Chia-Hsin , Tsai Jih-Jin
Published: March 2024

Dengue fever (DF), which is caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, is well recognized for its systemic manifestations, with its ocular involvement gaining recent attention. We present a case of a 41-year-old Taiwanese female who developed acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following a DF diagnosis related to DENV-1, emphasizing the need for awareness of this complication. The patient, with a history of completely resolved optic neuritis (ON) and comorbidities, experienced blurred vision on day 10 after the onset of DF. The ophthalmic examination revealed macular edema, ellipsoid zone (EZ) infiltration, and choriocapillaris involvement. Despite pulse therapy with corticosteroids, visual disturbances persisted, highlighting the challenge of managing ocular complications. Ocular manifestations in DF include hemorrhages, inflammation, and vascular complications. DF-associated AMN, a rare presentation, poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment response evaluation. While most patients recover spontaneously, some face persistent visual impairment, especially with AMN. Our case emphasizes the importance of recognizing ocular complications in DF, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management and further research to delineate treatment strategies and outcomes.
Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from dairy facilities in British Columbia, Canada from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Brown Stephanie R. B. , Bland Rebecca , McIntyre Lorraine , Shyng Sion , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Riutta Elizabeth R. , Chang Jeff H. , Kovacevic Jovana
Published: March 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of concern in dairy processing facilities, with the potential to cause human illness and trigger regulatory actions if found in the product. Monitoring for Listeria spp. through environmental sampling is recommended to prevent establishment of these microorganisms in dairy processing environments, thereby reducing the risk of product contamination. To inform on L. monocytogenes diversity and transmission, we analyzed genome sequences of L. monocytogenes strains (n = 88) obtained through the British Columbia Dairy Inspection Program. Strains were recovered from five different dairy processing facilities over a 10 year period (2007–2017). Analysis of whole genome sequences (WGS) grouped the isolates into nine sequence types and 11 cgMLST types (CT). The majority of isolates (93%) belonged to lineage II. Within each CT, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences ranged from 0 to 237 between isolates. A highly similar (0–16 SNPs) cluster of over 60 isolates, collected over 9 years within one facility (#71), was identified suggesting a possible persistent population. Analyses of genome content revealed a low frequency of genes associated with stress tolerance, with the exception of widely disseminated cadmium resistance genes cadA1 and cadA2. The distribution of virulence genes and mutations within internalin genes varied across the isolates and facilities. Further studies are needed to elucidate their phenotypic effect on pathogenicity and stress response. These findings demonstrate the diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates across dairy facilities in the same region. Findings also showed the utility of using WGS to discern potential persistence events within a single facility over time.
Prevalence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atalay Yibeltal Assefa , Abebe Gelaw Kelemu
Published: March 2024

Background

One of the main threats to public health today is antibiotic resistance. This resistance leads to the persistence of infections in the body. It poses an increased risk of transmission to humans and animals through various routes, such as food, water, and the environment.

Objectives

This study aimed to ascertain the overall prevalence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antimicrobial resistance in Africa.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies was conducted in Africa according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted using appropriate search terms in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and the Cochrane Library. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and STATA version 14 was used for analysis. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot, Egger, and Begg regression tests. A p-value of 0.05 was regarded to indicate potential publication bias. Using I2 statistics, the heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated. Using forest plots, the random effect model was used to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of meta-analysis.

Results

This review included 39 studies, with 18,769 study participants. Among these 39 studies, 38 were on knowledge assessment, 28 on attitude assessment, and 25 on good practice assessment towards antimicrobial resistances. The overall pooled prevalence level of knowledge regarding antimicrobial resistance in Africa was 55.33% (95% CI: 47.48, 63.18). The overall pooled prevalence of positive attitudes toward antimicrobial resistance in Africa was 46.93% (95% CI: 35.10, 58.76), and the overall pooled prevalence of good practice of antimicrobial resistance in Africa was 51.05% (95% CI: 45.24, 56.87). In addition, sub-group statistical analysis was performed in this meta-analysis, stratified by population sub-region and study design types.

Conclusion

In Africa, the pooled prevalence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antimicrobial drug resistance among different groups, including the general population, patients, tertiary school students, healthcare workers, and animal owners was found to be low level. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the education and training programs regarding antibiotic resistance for various groups including the general public, patients, students, healthcare workers, and individuals responsible for the well-being of animals.
Prostate fibroblasts and prostate cancer associated fibroblasts exhibit different metabolic, matrix degradation and PD-L1 expression responses to hypoxia
Authors: Pacheco-Torres Jesus , Sharma Raj Kumar , Mironchik Yelena , Wildes Flonne , Brennen W. Nathaniel , Artemov Dmitri , Krishnamachary Balaji , Bhujwalla Zaver M.
Published: March 2024

Fibroblasts are versatile cells that play a major role in wound healing by synthesizing and remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM). In cancers, fibroblasts play an expanded role in tumor progression and dissemination, immunosuppression, and metabolic support of cancer cells. In prostate cancer (PCa), fibroblasts have been shown to induce growth and increase metastatic potential. To further understand differences in the functions of human PCa associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) compared to normal prostate fibroblasts (PFs), we investigated the metabolic profile and ECM degradation characteristics of PFs and PCAFs using a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy compatible intact cell perfusion assay. To further understand how PFs and PCAFs respond to hypoxic tumor microenvironments that are often observed in PCa, we characterized the effects of hypoxia on PF and PCAF metabolism, invasion and PD-L1 expression. We found that under normoxia, PCAFs displayed decreased ECM degradation compared to PFs. Under hypoxia, ECM degradation by PFs increased, whereas PCAFs exhibited decreased ECM degradation. Under both normoxia and hypoxia, PCAFs and PFs showed significantly different metabolic profiles. PD-L1 expression was intrinsically higher in PCAFs compared to PFs. Under hypoxia, PD-L1 expression increased in PCAFs but not in PFs. Our data suggest that PCAFs may not directly induce ECM degradation to assist in tumor dissemination, but may instead create an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment that further increases under hypoxic conditions. Our data identify the intrinsic metabolic, ECM degradation and PD-L1 expression differences between PCAFs and PFs under normoxia and hypoxia that may provide novel targets in PCa treatment.
The underlying mechanism and targeted therapy strategy of miRNAs cross-regulating EMT process through multiple signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Juan , He Fuguo , Peng Hong , Guo Jinjun
Published: March 2024

The consistent notion holds that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation, progression, and clinical treatment failure treatment failure are affected by the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an irreplaceable role in a variety of physiological and pathological states. meanwhile, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial biological process that controls the development of HCC. miRNAs regulate the intermediation state of EMTor mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MTE)thereby regulating HCC progression. Notably, miRNAs regulate key HCC-related molecular pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, TGF-β pathway, and RAS/MAPK pathway. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed how miRNAs produce EMT effects by multiple signaling pathways and their potential significance in the pathogenesis and treatment response of HCC. emphasizing their molecular pathways and progression in HCC initiation. Additionally, we also pay attention to regulatory mechanisms that are partially independent of signaling pathways. Finally, we summarize and propose miRNA-targeted therapy and diagnosis and defense strategies forHCC. The identification of the mechanism leading to the activation of EMT programs during HCC disease processes also provides a new protocol for the plasticity of distinct cellular phenotypes and possible therapeutic interventions. Consequently, we summarize the latest progress in this direction, with a promising path for further insight into this fast-moving field.
Ecosystem integration: the use of ontologies in integrating knowledge across manufacturing value networks
Authors: Magas Michela , Kiritsis Dimitris , Poveda-Villalón María , Yang Lan , Björling Sten-Erik , Rudenå Andreas
Published: March 2024

One of the greatest challenges in creating effective decision-making systems for connected enterprises is the management of cross-domain information. In manufacturing value networks where supply chains are increasingly intertwined, and closed-loop lifecycle management requires traversing several domains, ontologies are proving to be a reliable reference for cross-domain semantic interoperability. However, ontology development, implementation, and management are fragmented and difficult for new users of ontologies to grasp. This is a significant challenge in environments where ontologies are vital for managing effective data exchanges in complex industrial processes. The OntoCommons project has evolved an ontology ecosystem that aims to lower the entry barrier to using ontologies. Building on this ambition, we present a holistic approach to the integration and management of ontologies horizontally across manufacturing ecosystems, including the creation of reference documentation for manufacturing value networks and related standards, available tools for working with ontologies, and examples of vertical integration of knowledge from application level with domain-level and top-level ontology reference documentation. As a novel research direction, we propose a meta-level approach to ontology-driven knowledge management in manufacturing ecosystems. Based on evidence from recent breakthroughs, we present future and emerging research directions.
Identification of Smith–Magenis syndrome cases through an experimental evaluation of machine learning methods
Authors: Fernández-Ruiz Raúl , Núñez-Vidal Esther , Hidalgo-delaguía Irene , Garayzábal-Heinze Elena , Álvarez-Marquina Agustín , Martínez-Olalla Rafael , Palacios-Alonso Daniel
Published: March 2024

This research work introduces a novel, nonintrusive method for the automatic identification of Smith–Magenis syndrome, traditionally studied through genetic markers. The method utilizes cepstral peak prominence and various machine learning techniques, relying on a single metric computed by the research group. The performance of these techniques is evaluated across two case studies, each employing a unique data preprocessing approach. A proprietary data “windowing” technique is also developed to derive a more representative dataset. To address class imbalance in the dataset, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is applied for data augmentation. The application of these preprocessing techniques has yielded promising results from a limited initial dataset. The study concludes that the k-nearest neighbors and linear discriminant analysis perform best, and that cepstral peak prominence is a promising measure for identifying Smith–Magenis syndrome.
A computational model of Alzheimer's disease at the nano, micro, and macroscales
Authors: Chamberland Éléonore , Moravveji Seyedadel , Doyon Nicolas , Duchesne Simon
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Mathematical models play a crucial role in investigating complex biological systems, enabling a comprehensive understanding of interactions among various components and facilitating in silico testing of intervention strategies. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by multifactorial causes and intricate interactions among biological entities, necessitating a personalized approach due to the lack of effective treatments. Therefore, mathematical models offer promise as indispensable tools in combating AD. However, existing models in this emerging field often suffer from limitations such as inadequate validation or a narrow focus on single proteins or pathways.

Methods

In this paper, we present a multiscale mathematical model that describes the progression of AD through a system of 19 ordinary differential equations. The equations describe the evolution of proteins (nanoscale), cell populations (microscale), and organ-level structures (macroscale) over a 50-year lifespan, as they relate to amyloid and tau accumulation, inflammation, and neuronal death.

Results

Distinguishing our model is a robust foundation in biological principles, ensuring improved justification for the included equations, and rigorous parameter justification derived from published experimental literature.

Conclusion

This model represents an essential initial step toward constructing a predictive framework, which holds significant potential for identifying effective therapeutic targets in the fight against AD.
Case report: Solitary mass of the sciatic nerve confirmed as a primary extranodal manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a geriatric patient
Authors: Becker Hannes , Vogelsberg Antonio , Feucht Daniel , Estler Arne , Tafrali Deniz , Schittenhelm Jens , Milla Jakob , Kurz Sylvia , Fend Falko , Tatagiba Marcos , Schuhmann Martin U. , Hurth Helene
Published: March 2024

Background

Neoplastic lesions affecting peripheral nerves are rare in the general population and, most often, are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. However, a minority of lesions represent high-grade malignancies associated with a poor prognosis, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Very rarely, these tumors represent peripheral non-nerve sheath tumors (PNNSTs), such as hematological neoplasms that impair nerve function. These can be hard to distinguish from MPNSTs and other lesions arising from the nerve itself. In the present case report, we describe a rare case of direct infiltration of nerves by tumor cells of a hematological neoplasm.

Methods

We report the case of a 90-year-old woman with acute onset of right-sided foot palsy, sensory loss, and pain, caused by an extensive solitary mass of the sciatic nerve in the thigh. We present and discuss the clinical presentation, multimodal diagnostic procedures, and treatment.

Results

MRI of the right thigh and the caudal pelvis revealed a contrast-enhancing lesion infiltrating the sciatic nerve. Additionally performed staging imaging was non-revealing. After multidisciplinary discussion in the neuro-oncology tumor board, a MPNST was suspected and the patient underwent radical tumor resection. However, final histopathology revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The patient received adjuvant palliative local radiotherapy which led to acceptable symptom control.

Conclusion

Rare PNNSTs, including extranodal manifestations of DLBCL can have similar clinical and radiological diagnostical features as PNSTs. Comprehensive diagnostic workup of contrast-enhancing lesions affecting peripheral nerves including MRI and metabolic imaging are recommended. Discussion in interdisciplinary tumor boards facilitates finding individual treatment approaches.
Generalized connectivity in cubic fuzzy graphs with application in the trade deficit problem
Authors: Rao Yongsheng , Chen Ruxian , Ahmad Uzma , Ghafar Shah Abdul
Published: March 2024

Cubic fuzzy graphs (CFGs) offer greater utility as compared to interval-valued fuzzy graphs and fuzzy graphs due to their ability to represent the degree of membership for vertices and edges using both interval and fuzzy number forms. The significance of these concepts motivates us to analyze and interpret intricate networks, enabling more effective decision making and optimization in various domains, including transportation, social networks, trade networks, and communication systems. This paper introduces the concepts of vertex and edge connectivity in CFGs, along with discussions on partial cubic fuzzy cut nodes and partial cubic fuzzy edge cuts, and presents several related results with the help of some examples to enhance understanding. In addition, this paper introduces the idea of partial cubic α-strong and partial cubic δ-weak edges. An example is discussed to explain the motivation behind partial cubic α-strong edges. Moreover, it delves into the introduction of generalized vertex and edge connectivity in CFGs, along with generalized partial cubic fuzzy cut nodes and generalized partial cubic fuzzy edge cuts. Relevant results pertaining to these concepts are also discussed. As an application, the concept of generalized partial cubic fuzzy edge cuts is applied to identify regions that are most affected by trade deficits resulting from street crimes. Finally, the research findings are compared with the existing method to demonstrate their suitability and creativity.
Cardiac fibrogenesis: an immuno-metabolic perspective
Authors: Hoque Md Monirul , Gbadegoye Joy Olaoluwa , Hassan Fasilat Oluwakemi , Raafat Amr , Lebeche Djamel
Published: March 2024

Cardiac fibrosis is a major and complex pathophysiological process that ultimately culminates in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. This phenomenon includes not only the replacement of the damaged tissue by a fibrotic scar produced by activated fibroblasts/myofibroblasts but also a spatiotemporal alteration of the structural, biochemical, and biomechanical parameters in the ventricular wall, eliciting a reactive remodeling process. Though mechanical stress, post-infarct homeostatic imbalances, and neurohormonal activation are classically attributed to cardiac fibrosis, emerging evidence that supports the roles of immune system modulation, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrogenesis has been reported. Adaptive changes, immune cell phenoconversions, and metabolic shifts in the cardiac nonmyocyte population provide initial protection, but persistent altered metabolic demand eventually contributes to adverse remodeling of the heart. Altered energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, various immune cells, immune mediators, and cross-talks between the immune cells and cardiomyocytes play crucial roles in orchestrating the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts and ensuing fibrotic remodeling of the heart. Manipulation of the metabolic plasticity, fibroblast–myofibroblast transition, and modulation of the immune response may hold promise for favorably modulating the fibrotic response following different cardiovascular pathological processes. Although the immunologic and metabolic perspectives of fibrosis in the heart are being reported in the literature, they lack a comprehensive sketch bridging these two arenas and illustrating the synchrony between them. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between different cardiac immune cells and metabolic pathways as well as summarizes the current understanding of the involvement of immune–metabolic pathways in cardiac fibrosis and attempts to identify some of the previously unaddressed questions that require further investigation. Moreover, the potential therapeutic strategies and emerging pharmacological interventions, including immune and metabolic modulators, that show promise in preventing or attenuating cardiac fibrosis and restoring cardiac function will be discussed.
Genome-wide identification of GATA transcription factors in tetraploid potato and expression analysis in differently colored potato flesh
Authors: Zhang Xia , Fan Rong , Yu Zhuo , Du Xuerun , Yang Xinyue , Wang Huiting , Xu Wenfeng , Yu Xiaoxia
Published: March 2024

The GATA gene family belongs to a kind of transcriptional regulatory protein featuring a zinc finger motif, which is essential for plant growth and development. However, the identification of the GATA gene family in tetraploid potato is still not performed. In the present research, a total of 88 GATA genes in the tetraploid potato C88.v1 genome were identified by bioinformatics methods. These StGATA genes had an uneven distribution on 44 chromosomes, and the corresponding StGATA proteins were divided into four subfamilies (I-IV) based on phylogenetic analysis. The cis-elements of StGATA genes were identified, including multiple cis-elements related to light-responsive and hormone-responsive. The collinearity analysis indicates that segmental duplication is a key driving force for the expansion of GATA gene family in tetraploid potato, and that the GATA gene families of tetraploid potato and Arabidopsis share a closer evolutionary relationship than rice. The transcript profiling analysis showed that all 88 StGATA genes had tissue-specific expression, indicating that the StGATA gene family members participate in the development of multiple potato tissues. The RNA-seq analysis was also performed on the tuber flesh of two potato varieties with different color, and 18 differentially expressed GATA transcription factor genes were screened, of which eight genes were validated through qRT-PCR. In this study, we identified and characterized StGATA transcription factors in tetraploid potato for the first time, and screened differentially expressed genes in potato flesh with different color. It provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the StGATA gene family and its function in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Genomic prediction within and across maize landrace derived populations using haplotypes
Authors: Lin Yan-Cheng , Mayer Manfred , Valle Torres Daniel , Pook Torsten , Hölker Armin C. , Presterl Thomas , Ouzunova Milena , Schön Chris-Carolin
Published: March 2024

Genomic prediction (GP) using haplotypes is considered advantageous compared to GP solely reliant on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), owing to haplotypes’ enhanced ability to capture ancestral information and their higher linkage disequilibrium with quantitative trait loci (QTL). Many empirical studies supported the advantages of haplotype-based GP over SNP-based approaches. Nevertheless, the performance of haplotype-based GP can vary significantly depending on multiple factors, including the traits being studied, the genetic structure of the population under investigation, and the particular method employed for haplotype construction. In this study, we compared haplotype and SNP based prediction accuracies in four populations derived from European maize landraces. Populations comprised either doubled haploid lines (DH) derived directly from landraces, or gamete capture lines (GC) derived from crosses of the landraces with an inbred line. For two different landraces, both types of populations were generated, genotyped with 600k SNPs and phenotyped as lines per se for five traits. Our study explores three prediction scenarios: (i) within each of the four populations, (ii) across DH and GC populations from the same landrace, and (iii) across landraces using either DH or GC populations. Three haplotype construction methods were evaluated: 1. fixed-window blocks (FixedHB), 2. LD-based blocks (HaploView), and 3. IBD-based blocks (HaploBlocker). In within population predictions, FixedHB and HaploView methods performed as well as or slightly better than SNPs for all traits. HaploBlocker improved accuracy for certain traits but exhibited inferior performance for others. In prediction across populations, the parameter setting from HaploBlocker which controls the construction of shared haplotypes between populations played a crucial role for obtaining optimal results. When predicting across landraces, accuracies were low for both, SNP and haplotype approaches, but for specific traits substantial improvement was observed with HaploBlocker. This study provides recommendations for optimal haplotype construction and identifies relevant parameters for constructing haplotypes in the context of genomic prediction.
Depressive symptoms in early adolescence: the dynamic interplay between emotion regulation and affective flexibility
Authors: Volkaert Brenda , Wante Laura , Wiersema Jan R. , Braet Caroline
Published: March 2024

Individual differences in affective flexibility may be an important factor in understanding how emotion regulation is associated with adolescents’ depressive symptoms. The current study explored the role of affective flexibility as a moderator in the relationship between the use of both adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in 65 young adolescents (11–13 years). Affective flexibility was indicated by the reaction time and accuracy index on the Emotional Flexible Items Selection Task. Emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms were assessed by the use of self-report questionnaires. Contrary to the hypotheses, affective flexibility did not moderate the relationship between emotion regulation and adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Instead, only a direct effect of the use of adaptive emotion regulations strategies on adolescents’ depressive symptoms was found. Additionally, post-hoc analyses revealed that there may exist an indirect relationship between affective flexibility and adolescents’ depressive symptoms through the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. These findings help to formulate a better understanding of how emotion regulation and affective flexibility in early adolescents are related to depressive symptoms.
Construction and verification of risk prediction model of osteoporotic fractures in patients with osteoporosis in China
Authors: Xia Peifang , Jiang Yingqing , Cai Feng , Peng Shuzhi , Xu Zhouya
Published: March 2024

Objective

To explore the influencing factors of osteoporotic fractures (OPF) in patients with osteoporosis, construct a prediction model, and verify the model internally and externally, so as to provide reference for early screening and intervention of OPF in patients with osteoporosis.

Methods

Osteoporosis patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were selected, and the medical records of patients were consulted through the Hospital Information System (HIS) and the data management platform of osteoporosis patients, so as to screen patients who met the criteria for admission and discharge and collect data. SPSS 26.0 software was used for single factor analysis to screen statistically significant variables (p < 0.05). The influencing factors of OPF were determined by multivariate analysis, and a binary Logistic regression model was established according to the results of multivariate analysis. Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) goodness of fit and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to test the model’s efficiency, and Stata 16.0 software was used to verify the Bootstrap model, draw the model calibration curve, clinical applicability curve and nomogram.

Results

In this study, the data of modeling set and verification set were 1,435 and 580, respectively. There were 493 (34.4%) cases with OPF and 942 (65.6%) cases without OPF in the modeling set. There were 204 (35.2%) cases with OPF and 376 (64.8%) cases without OPF. The variables with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis are Age, BMI, History of falls, Usage of glucocorticoid, ALP, Serum Calcium, BMD of lumbar, BMD of feminist neck, T value of feminist neck, BMD of total hip and T value of total hip. The area under ROC curve of the risk prediction model constructed this time is 0.817 [95%CI (0.794 ~ 0.839)], which shows that the model has a good discrimination in predicting the occurrence of OPF. The optimal threshold of the model is 0.373, the specificity is 0.741, the sensitivity is 0.746, and the AUC values of the modeling set and the verification set are 0.8165 and 0.8646, respectively. The results of Hosmer and Lemeshow test are modeling set: (χ2 = 6.551, p = 0.586); validation set: [(χ2 = 8.075, p = 0.426)]. The calibration curve of the model shows that the reference line of the fitted curve and the calibration curve is highly coincident, and the model has a good calibration degree for predicting the occurrence of fractures. The net benefit value of the risk model of osteoporosis patients complicated with OPF is high, which shows that the model is effective.

Conclusion

In this study, a OPF risk prediction model is established and its prediction efficiency is verified, which can help identify the high fracture risk subgroup of osteoporosis patients in order to choose stronger intervention measures and management.
A novel method to derive a human safety limit for PFOA by gene expression profiling and modelling
Authors: Silva Arthur de Carvalho e , Loizou George D. , McNally Kevin , Osborne Olivia , Potter Claire , Gott David , Colbourne John K. , Viant Mark R.
Published: March 2024

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent environmental contaminant that can accumulate in the human body due to its long half-life. This substance has been associated with liver, pancreatic, testicular and breast cancers, liver steatosis and endocrine disruption. PFOA is a member of a large group of substances also known as “forever chemicals” and the vast majority of substances of this group lack toxicological data that would enable their effective risk assessment in terms of human health hazards. This study aimed to derive a health-based guidance value for PFOA intake (ng/kg BW/day) from in vitro transcriptomics data. To this end, we developed an in silico workflow comprising five components: (i) sourcing in vitro hepatic transcriptomics concentration-response data; (ii) deriving molecular points of departure using BMDExpress3 and performing pathway analysis using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the most sensitive molecular pathways to PFOA exposure; (iii) estimating freely-dissolved PFOA concentrations in vitro using a mass balance model; (iv) estimating in vivo doses by reverse dosimetry using a PBK model for PFOA as part of a quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) algorithm; and (v) calculating a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for PFOA. Fourteen percent of interrogated genes exhibited in vitro concentration-response relationships. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis revealed that “fatty acid metabolism” was the most sensitive pathway to PFOA exposure. In vitro free PFOA concentrations were calculated to be 2.9% of the nominal applied concentrations, and these free concentrations were input into the QIVIVE workflow. Exposure doses for a virtual population of 3,000 individuals were estimated, from which a TDI of 0.15 ng/kg BW/day for PFOA was calculated using the benchmark dose modelling software, PROAST. This TDI is comparable to previously published values of 1.16, 0.69, and 0.86 ng/kg BW/day by the European Food Safety Authority. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the combined utility of an “omics”-derived molecular point of departure and in silico QIVIVE workflow for setting health-based guidance values in anticipation of the acceptance of in vitro concentration-response molecular measurements in chemical risk assessment.
A blinded, randomized and controlled multicenter field study investigating the safety and efficacy of long-term use of enflicoxib in the treatment of naturally occurring osteoarthritis in client-owned dogs
Authors: Homedes Josep , Ocak Marion , Riedle Sebastian , Salichs Marta
Published: March 2024

Background

Enflicoxib is a COX-2 selective NSAID shown to be efficacious and safe in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with canine osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical studies of 6 weeks duration.

Objective

This prospective, multisite, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group field study aimed to confirm the safety and efficacy of enflicoxib in long-term canine OA treatments.

Animals

A total of 109 client owned dogs with clinical and radiographic signs of OA for at least 3 weeks were enrolled with 78 dogs completing all study visits.

Methods

Dogs were randomized at a 3:1 ratio to receive enflicoxib (n = 83) or placebo (n = 26) once weekly during 6 months. Dogs underwent veterinary assessments from Day 0 to Day 189 using a clinical sum score (CSS). Efficacy was also assessed by the owners using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI). Safety was assessed clinically and by repeated blood and urine sample analysis. The efficacy outcome measure was the treatment response according to the CSS and secondarily the treatment response according to the CBPI. The primary safety outcome was the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and secondarily the evolution of the clinical pathology parameters.

Results

Percentages of CSS responders for enflicoxib were 71.6; 74.6 and 71.6% on Days 44, 135 and 189 respectively, always showing statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (41.7, 33.3, and 20.8% respectively). Treatment response according to owner assessments followed the same pattern, achieving significant differences compared to placebo after 2 weeks of treatment. The incidence and type of AEs were as described in previous enflicoxib studies of shorter duration and as for other NSAIDs, with no tendency to increase over time. No relevant changes in hematology, biochemistry or urine parameters were observed.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Enflicoxib safety and efficacy profile is maintained after a long-term treatment, which together with its weekly administration, makes it a good alternative for the chronic treatment of dogs with naturally occurring OA.
Multi-Channel Phase-Compensated Active Disturbance Rejection Control with an Improved Backstepping Strategy for Electro-Optical Tracking Systems
Authors: Zhuang Shanlin , Li Jiachen , Wang Haolin , Deng Jiuqiang , Mao Yao
Published: March 2024

A multi-channel phase-compensated active disturbance rejection control (MPADRC) incorporating an improved backstepping strategy is proposed in this paper to handle the phase lag in the extended state observer (ESO) and the residual uncertainty in the system. Firstly, a multi-channel phase-compensated ESO (MPESO) is constructed by adding phase-advanced networks to all output channels of the ESO, which allows disturbances and system states to be compensated and feedback in a more timely manner, respectively. Then, to estimate and offset the residual uncertainty in the system, an improved backstepping control method is employed and a Lyapunov function is designed to verify the convergence of the error between the estimated and actual values of the residual uncertainty. After that, the improved backstepping control is combined with MPADRC, and comparisons with the conventional linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) are conducted for a range of cases. Finally, on an inertial stabilization platform in the electro-optical tracking system (ETS), simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Influence of Foliar Application of Microelements on Yield and Yield Components of Spring Malting Barley
Authors: Stadnik Barbara , Tobiasz-Salach Renata , Migut Dagmara
Published: March 2024

Barley is an economically important plant cultivated primarily for animal feed and in the brewing industry for the production of barley malt. Climate changes and an increase in grain demand result in a constant need to improve the volume and stability of cereal species yields and better use the potential of cultivars. In cereal production, an important aspect is the use of microelements, especially by foliar spraying. Microelements, as components or enzyme activators, play a significant role in plant growth and metabolic processes occurring in the cell. As a consequence, their availability is a factor determining plant development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foliar fertilization with selected microelements on the yield of two-row malting barley cultivars. In 2019–2021, a two-factor field experiment with barley was conducted in south-eastern Poland. The experimental factors were three spring barley cultivars (Baryłka, KWS Irina, and RGT Planet) of the brewing type and four single-component micronutrient fertilizers containing copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn). The foliar application of microelements resulted in improvements in selected elements of the yield structure and an increase in grain yield, and the effect depended on the fertilization applied. The highest grain yield was obtained from plots where fertilizer with Mo or Zn was used. Barley plants sprayed with Mo fertilizer developed the longest spikes and were characterized by the highest number of productive tillers per plant. The foliar application of Zn resulted in the formation of the highest number of spikes per unit area and grain uniformity. The RGT Planet cultivar was characterized by higher values of the measured parameters compared to Baryłka and KWS Irina.