bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Medication Safety Intervention in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Samuels-Kalow Margaret E. , Tassone Randall , Manning William , Cash Rebecca , Davila-Parrilla Laura , Hayes Bryan D. , Porter Stephen , Camargo Carlos A.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Strategies to reduce medication dosing errors are crucial for improving outcomes. The Medication Education for Dosing Safety (MEDS) intervention, consisting of a simplified handout, dosing syringe, dose demonstration and teach-back, was shown to be effective in the emergency department (ED), but optimal intervention strategies to move it into clinical practice remain to be described.

Objective

To describe implementation of MEDS in routine clinical practice and associated outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This mixed-methods interrupted time series study of MEDS was conducted April 2021 to December 2022 in an academic pediatric ED using a hybrid type 1 design. Parents and guardians of children aged 90 days to 11.9 years who were discharged with acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or both were eligible for inclusion in the quantitative portion. Clinicians from a diversity of role groups (attending physician, resident, and nurse) were eligible for the qualitative portion.

Exposures

The study was conducted in 5 stages (baseline, intervention 1, washout, intervention 2, and sustainability phases). The 2 intervention phases taught clinical staff the MEDS intervention using different implementation strategies. During the intervention 1 phase, in-depth interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached; results were analyzed using thematic analysis. Interviews informed intervention 2 phase interventions.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was any error (defined as dosing or frequency error) at a 48- to 72-hour follow-up phone call.

Results

There were 256 participants (median [IQR] child age, 1.7 [3.0-7.0] years; median [IQR] parent and guardian age, 36.0 [31.0-41.0] years; 200 females among parents and guardians [78.1%]) who consented and completed follow-up. At baseline, 44 of 68 participants (64.7%) made an error compared with 34 of 65 participants (52.3%) during intervention 1, 31 of 63 participants (49.X%) during intervention 2, and 34 of 60 participants (57.X%) during sustainability. After adjustment for language and health literacy, the adjusted odds ratio for error during the combined intervention phases was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.28-0.97) compared with baseline.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that both MEDS intervention phases were associated with decreased risk of error and that some improvement was sustained without active intervention. These findings suggest that attempts to develop simplified, brief interventions may be associated with improved medication safety for children after discharge from the ED.
Targeting cancer and immune cell metabolism with the complex I inhibitors metformin and IACS‐010759
Authors: Pujalte‐Martin Marc , Belaïd Amine , Bost Simon , Kahi Michel , Peraldi Pascal , Rouleau Matthieu , Mazure Nathalie M. , Bost Frédéric
Published: January 2024

Metformin and IACS‐010759 are two distinct antimetabolic agents. Metformin, an established antidiabetic drug, mildly inhibits mitochondrial complex I, while IACS‐010759 is a new potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Mitochondria is pivotal in the energy metabolism of cells by providing adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Hence, mitochondrial metabolism and OXPHOS become a vulnerability when targeted in cancer cells. Both drugs have promising antitumoral effects in diverse cancers, supported by preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies. We present evidence of their direct impact on cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effects. In clinical studies, while observational epidemiologic studies on metformin were encouraging, actual trial results were not as expected. However, IACS‐01075 exhibited major adverse effects, thereby causing a metabolic shift to glycolysis and elevated lactic acid concentrations. Therefore, the future outlook for these two drugs depends on preventive clinical trials for metformin and investigations into the plausible toxic effects on normal cells for IACS‐01075.
Digital Storytelling in Language Education
Authors: Mannion Patrick , Liontas John I.
Published: January 2024

Digital stories are having an impact in education the world over. From
stories worth telling
to
stories worth sharing
, digital storytelling (DS) addresses the core of human communication across time and space. In language education in particular, digital storytelling advances benefits too great to ignore. To frame the issue of digital storytelling in language education, we first offer a synthesis of DS definitions to better contextualize its multifarious uses in ESL education. We then address the most pertinent outcomes of DS projects involving the macro skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing; identity work and expressing voice; intercultural communicative competence and sociopragmatic competence; and digital and multimodal literacies. Pedagogic implications for classroom practice, from employing collaborative DS projects to storyboarding design, are also included to showcase specific ways in which language educators may develop and successfully implement DS projects in their own glocal contexts.
New Materialism, International Teachers and the Deleuzo‐Guattarian Critique of the Native Speaker
Authors: Fleming Douglas
Published: January 2024

Deleuze and Guattari, contemporaries of Foucault, Sartre, Derrida, and de Beauvoir, were influential French philosophers who wrote extensively on post‐structuralism, philosophy, psychiatry, film, and fine art. In ways that foreshadowed what we now call “New Materialism,” they argued that language is not a hierarchically organized and standardized set of biologically derived rules that support the concept of universal standards associated with the notion of the native speaker. This entry makes the connections between New Materialism and Deleuzo–Guattarian theory to place into context an international professional development project in which Chinese second language teachers were encouraged to challenge the colonial implications of the native‐speaker fallacy and construct pedagogical material designed for their own pedagogical contexts.
Technology in L1 and L2 Notetaking
Authors: Siegel Joseph
Published: January 2024

Technological advances are beginning to impact notetaking in both L1 and L2 contexts in increasing ways. As digital tools for taking notes in lectures (e.g., laptops and tablets) and for lecture delivery (e.g., PowerPoint and lesson management systems) continue to evolve and be incorporated into teaching and learning, resulting effects on notetaking are in need of pedagogic and research attention. The entry provides an overview of issues related to technology and notetaking with specific focus on EMI lectures. After briefly introducing theoretical concepts of notetaking, the advantages and disadvantages of digital compared to traditional longhand notetaking are discussed. In addition, relevant research, a large extent of which comes from L1 contexts but which can be applicable to L2 environments, is reviewed and transferable topics highlighted. Pedagogical implications for classroom practice are also included, both for EAP and EMI teachers.
Call Center Exchanges
Authors: Bolton Kingsley
Published: January 2024

The use of call centers (or telephone “contact centers”) by business organizations in the United States, United Kingdom, and Europe dates back to the 1960s and 1970s. Since the early 2000s, however, a significant proportion of call center operations have been outsourced to such overseas destinations as India and the Philippines, where their growth in business process outsourcing (BPO) operations has risen dramatically over the past two decades. In recent years, call centers in India and the Philippines have been handling increasing numbers of telephone calls for English‐using organizations in the United Kingdom, North America, Australia, and elsewhere. In these BPOs, a great deal of effort is often devoted to training call center agents from Outer Circle or English as a second language (ESL) backgrounds in effective call center communication.
High‐Temperature Thermal Conductivity of Fiber Hybrid Ceramic Matrix Composites with Different Modes
Authors: Hu Peili , Shan Zhongde , Zang Yong , Liu Feng , Sun Zheng , Wu Xiaochuan
Published: January 2024

Thermal conductivity (TC) is one of the important thermal property evaluation parameters for high‐temperature‐resistant fiber‐reinforced composites. Herein, based on the flexible‐oriented three‐dimensional (3D) woven technology, fiber hybrid ceramic matrix composites (FH‐CMCs) with different hybrid modes are designed and fabricated by using carbon fiber and silicon carbide fiber. The representative volume element (RVE) models of fiber bundle and matrix with mesoscopic characteristics and the macroscopic RVE models with hybrid structure characteristics are established. The heat flux distribution and effective TCs of FH‐CMCs in the thickness and in‐plane directions at different temperatures are obtained by finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental tests. The results show that the FEA and experimental results of the TCs of different FH‐CMCs are in good agreement. In the range of 25–1000 °C, the effective TCs of FH‐CMC gradually decrease with the increase in temperature. The TCs in the thickness direction of different FH‐CMCs are directly proportional to the hybrid ratio, and the TCs in the in‐plane direction are inversely proportional to the hybrid ratio. The heat flux and temperature field distributions of the FH‐CMCs are mainly affected by the TCs of the components, fiber hybrid ratio, and orientation, and the distribution along different directions are obviously different. The research results are helpful to provide theoretical and experimental reference for the structural design and performance improvement of hybrid composites.
Effects of different levels of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate solutions on the emergence and seedling vigor of amaranth and Cleome gynandra
Authors: Tapfumaneyi Linda , Dube Praxedis , Mavengahama Sydney , Ngezimana Wonder
Published: January 2024

The effects of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate on seed emergence and seedling growth of amaranth and Cleome gynandra were investigated in the greenhouse at Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. The study was laid out in a factorial layout within a completely randomized design replicated three times. Potassium nitrate (dry seeds, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, and 1%) and gibberellic acid (dry seeds, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 parts per million) were used, respectively. A total of 100 seeds of both crops were planted in each plastic pocket. Seed emergence percentage and vigor index of amaranth and C. gynandra were evaluated. The effects were more pronounced in seeds treated with gibberellic acid than in potassium nitrate. Seed emergence and vigor index of amaranth and C. gynandra seeds treated with gibberellic acid showed a significant difference at p < 0.01, while potassium nitrate showed no significant difference at p > 0.05. The maximum seed emergence percentage of amaranth and C. gynandra was 67.1% and 64.8%, which was obtained in 2022 and 2021, while the lowest was 35.5% and 37.5%, which was obtained in 2021. The highest vigor index I of amaranth and C. gynandrawas 590.3 and 586.2, which was observed in 2022 and 2021, while the lowest vigor index I was 45.2 and 170, which was obtained in 2021 and 2022. The results obtained indicated that the application of gibberellic acid on seeds of amaranth and C. gynandra can alleviate seed dormancy.
Dual Nickel/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbamoylation of Benzylic C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Cuesta‐Galisteo Sergio , Schörgenhumer Johannes , Hervieu Cedric , Nevado Cristina
Published: January 2024

Radical‐mediated Hydrogen Atom Abstraction of Csp3−H bonds has become a powerful tool for the asymmetric functionalization of organic feedstocks. Here, we present an asymmetric synthesis of α‐aryl amides via carbamoylation of alkylarenes with isocyanates as electrophiles. The synergistic combination of a photoredox and a chiral nickel‐catalyst, enables the use of readily available and neutral reagents under mild reaction conditions and provides straightforward access to pharmacologically relevant motifs in enantiomerically pure form.
BN‐Isosteres of Nonacene with Antiaromatic B2C4 and N2C4 Heterocycles: Synthesis and Strong Luminescence
Authors: Chen Cheng , Chang Zhi-Dong , Guo Yong-Kang , Huang Yan-Bo , Wang Xiao-Ye
Published: January 2024

Embedding both boron and nitrogen into the backbone of acenes to generate their isoelectronic structures has significantly enriched the acene chemistry to offer appealing properties. However, only small BN‐heteroacenes have been extensively investigated, with BN‐heptacenes as the hitherto longest homologue. Herein, we report the synthesis of three new nonacene BN‐isosteres via incorporating antiaromatic B2C4 and N2C4 heterocycles, representing a new length record for BN‐heteroacenes. The distance between the B2C4 and N2C4 rings affects the contribution of the charge‐separated resonance forms, leading to tunable antiaromaticity of the two heterocycles. The adjusted local antiaromaticity manifests substantial influence on the molecular orbital arrangement, and consequently, the radiative transition rate of BN‐3 is greatly enhanced compared with BN‐1 and BN‐2, realizing a high fluorescence quantum yield of 92%. This work provides a novel design concept of large acene BN‐isosteres and reveals the importance of BN/CC isosterism on their luminescent properties.
Automated identification of invasive rabbitfishes in underwater images from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Fleuré Valentine , Magneville Camille , Mouillot David , Villéger Sébastien
Published: January 2024

Coastal ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea are among the richest in non‐indigenous species, mostly due to the establishment of species coming from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal. Two herbivorous rabbitfishes, Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus, are already invasive in the south‐eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea where they cause ecological damage by overgrazing algae.

The early detection and the counting of these non‐indigenous species in the rest of the Mediterranean Sea is thus a major challenge for scientists and ecosystem managers. However, analysing images from divers or remote cameras is a demanding task.

Here, a dataset of 31,285 images of Siganus spp. and of six common native fishes to the Mediterranean Sea was built from 40 underwater videos recorded at three reef habitats. A deep learning algorithm was then trained to identify Siganus spp. on images containing the eight Mediterranean species. Finally, the algorithm and a post‐processing filtering were tested with an independent dataset of 2024 images.

The model had a recall of 0.92 for the Siganus genus (i.e., two Siganus species combined). After a confidence‐based post‐processing, the recall increased to 0.98 with only 4 out of 272 images of Siganus spp. being misclassified. Accuracy reached a score of 0.61 meaning that experts would have to discard false positives. Images of five native species not present in the training dataset yielded similar false positive rates than species present in the training dataset. Overall, the automatic processing of images by the model and then the checking of putative Siganus images by experts required up to five times less effort than a full processing by experts.

The algorithm can help to efficiently detect these two invasive fishes in underwater images to evaluate progress towards conservation objectives and accelerate citizen‐based monitoring of coastal ecosystems.
A comprehensive narrative review of challenges and facilitators in the implementation of various HPV vaccination program worldwide
Authors: Aggarwal Sumit , Agarwal Pragati , Gupta Nivedita
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer has been considered as one of the most common cancers in women (15–44 years) globally, but the advent of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine has raised the anticipation that eradication of cervical carcinoma might be achieved in the near future as several prophylactic cervical carcinoma vaccines have already been currently licensed in various countries. Countries should devise strategies, practices and policies to attain and sustain higher levels of HPV immunization coverage as still 68% countries have introduced HPV vaccine in their national immunization programs even after 17 years following the licensure of the first prophylactic HPV vaccine.

Methodology

A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted using various databases and search engines, to include the most relevant research articles and data available and critically discussed the operational gaps that need to be answered to achieve adequate coverage of HPV vaccination.

Results

The present review highlights the existing HPV vaccination strategies, unmet needs and challenges needed to be addressed for proper implementation framework as well as the collaborations required to achieve decent vaccination coverage. Well‐coordinated vaccination strategy with focus on adolescent girls and if possible, boys can lead to dramatic impact on disease reduction around the world.
Examining hypertension risk among Black and White breast cancer survivors
Authors: Sutton Arnethea L. , He Jian , Bottinor Wendy , Hong Susan , Mitchell Kristyn , Hines Anika L.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular dysfunction following their diagnosis; however, hypertension remains underexplored within this context. This retrospective cohort study examined the incidence of hypertension in breast cancer survivors and the association of race with hypertension risk among them.

Methods

Data for this study were abstracted from the electronic health records of women diagnosed with Stages I–III breast cancer. Incident hypertension diagnosis was identified through International Classification of Diseases codes. Bivariate associations were tested using Student's t‐test and chi‐squared test of independence. Bivariable Cox regression analysis was used to determine demographic and clinical factors that may have been associated with the development of hypertension.

Results

A total of 664 women were included. Most women were 50 years of age or younger (52.0%), White (33.0% Black), and received a mastectomy (80.6%). Overall, 45.5% of the cohort developed hypertension. The 1‐year hypertension‐free survival estimates were 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41–54) in Black women and 73% (95% CI, 69–77) in White women (p < 0.0001). Besides race, statistically significant predictors of hypertension included: age greater than 50 (vs. ≤50) (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09–1.80) and residing in a non‐metropolitan area (vs. metropolitan) (adjusted HR: 1.60; 95% CI, 1.19–2.16).

Conclusions

This study suggests that breast cancer survivors who are older, Black, or residing in non‐metropolitan areas may benefit from added surveillance and hypertension prevention strategies during treatment. Future studies are needed to identify contributors to the observed racial and geographic disparities.
Symmetrically dotted tympanic membranes
Authors: Seifen Christopher , Helling Kai
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Color changes of the tympanic membranes without an inflammatory component or perforation are rarely described. They may result from hemorrhage after barotrauma or spontaneously. Other explanatory models include discoloration due to otomycosis.

This is a case of a 61‐year‐old patient with an unexplained incidental of black dots located almost symmetrically on the antero‐inferior quadrant of both tympanic membranes. This harmless anatomical rarity has not been published before. Underlying pathologies should be excluded in the case of discoloration of the tympanic membranes.
Epoxide‐Mediated Trans‐Thioglycosylation and Application to the Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Related to the Capsular Polysaccharides of C. jejuni HS:4
Authors: Homayonia Saba , Ling Chang‐Chun
Published: January 2024

The enzyme‐resistant thioglycosides are highly valuable immunogens because of their enhanced metabolic stability. We report the first synthesis of a family of thiooligosaccharides related to the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni HS:4 for potential use in conjugate vaccines. The native CPS structures of the pathogen consist of a challenging repeating disaccharide formed with β(1→4)‐linked 6‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ido‐heptopyranoside and N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine; the rare 6‐deoxy‐ido‐heptopyranosyl backbone and β‐anomeric configuration of the former monosaccharide makes the synthesis of this family of antigens very challenging. So far, no synthesis of the thioanalogs of the CPS antigens have been reported. The unprecedented synthesis presented in this work is built on an elegant approach by using β‐glycosylthiolate as a glycosyl donor to open the 2,3‐epoxide functionality of pre‐designed 6‐deoxy‐β‐D‐talo‐heptopyranosides. Our results illustrated that this key trans‐thioglycosylation can be designed in a modular and regio and stereo‐selective manner. Built on the success of this novel approach, we succeeded the synthesis of a family of thiooligosaccharides including a thiohexasaccharide which is considered to be the desired antigen length and complexity for immunizations. We also report the first direct conversion of base‐stable but acid‐labile 2‐trimethylsilylethyl glycosides to glycosyl‐1‐thioacetates in a one‐pot manner.
Regioselective Partial Hydrogenation and Deuteration of Tetracyclic (Hetero)aromatic Systems Using a Simple Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Kehoe Roberta A. , Lowry Amy , Light Mark E. , Jones David J. , Byrne Peter A. , McGlacken Gerard P.
Published: January 2024

The introduction of added ‘3‐dimensionality’ through late‐stage functionalisation of extended (hetero)aromatic systems is a powerful synthetic approach. The abundance of starting materials and cross‐coupling methodologies to access the precursors allows for highly diverse products. Subsequent selective partial reduction can alter the core structure in a manner of interest to medicinal chemists. Herein, we describe the precise, partial reduction of multicyclic heteroaromatic systems using a simple heterogeneous catalyst. The approach can be extended to introduce deuterium (again at late‐stage). Excellent yields can be obtained using simple reaction conditions.
Inhibition of polymorphic MexXY‐OprM efflux system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates by Berberine derivatives
Authors: Giorgini Giorgia , Di Gregorio Alessandra , Mangiaterra Gianmarco , Cedraro Nicholas , Minnelli Cristina , Sabbatini Giulia , Mobbili Giovanna , Simoni Serena , Vignaroli Carla , Galeazzi Roberta
Published: January 2024

The MexXY‐OprM multidrug efflux pump (EP) in aminoglycosides resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major resistance mechanisms, which is often overexpressed in strains isolated from pulmonary chronic disease such as cystic fibrosis.[1–3] In this research, we focused on the design of potential efflux pumps inhibitors, targeting MexY, the inner membrane component, in an allosteric site. Berberine[4] has been considered as lead molecule since we previously demonstrated its effectiveness in targeting MexY in laboratory reference strains.[5,6] Since this protein is often present in polymorphic variants in clinical strains, we sequenced and modeled all the mutated forms and we synthesized and evaluated by computational techniques, some berberine derivatives carrying an aromatic functionalization in its 13‐C ring position. These compounds were tested in vitro against clinical P. aeruginosa strains for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the importance of the aromatic moiety functionalization in exerting the EP inhibitory activity in synergy with the aminoglycoside tobramycin. More, we found that aminoacidic composition of MexY in different strains must be considered for predicting potential binding site and affects the different activity of berberine derivatives. Finally, the antibiofilm effect of these new EPIs is promising, particularly for o‐CH3‐berberine derivative.
Transition metal dichalcogenide‐based materials for rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries: A mini‐review
Authors: Nandi Sunny , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2024

Rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) have emerged as a promising candidate for energy storage applications and have been extensively investigated over the past few years. Due to their high theoretical capacity, nature of abundance, and high safety, AIBs can be considered an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of AIBs for large‐scale applications is still limited due to the poor selection of cathode materials. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been regarded as appropriate cathode materials for AIBs due to their wide layer spacing, large surface area, and distinct physiochemical characteristics. This mini‐review provides a succinct summary of recent research progress on TMD‐based cathode materials in non‐aqueous AIBs. The latest developments in the benefits of utilizing 3D‐printed electrodes for AIBs are also explored.
Mechanistic Analysis Reveals Key Role of Interchalcogen Multicatalysis in Photo‐Aerobic 3‐Pyrroline Syntheses by Aza‐Wacker Cyclizations
Authors: Graf Sebastian , Pesch Henner , Appleson Theresa , Lei Tao , Breder Alexander , Siewert Inke
Published: January 2024

A light‐driven dual and ternary catalytic aza‐Wacker protocol for the construction of 3‐pyrrolines by partially disulfide‐assisted selenium‐π‐acid multicatalysis is reported. A structurally diverse array of sulfonamides possessing homopolar mono‐, di‐ and trisubstituted olefinic double bonds is selectively converted to the corresponding 3‐pyrrolines in up to 95 % isolated yield and with good functional group tolerance. Advanced electrochemical mechanistic investigations of the protocol suggest a dual role of the disulfide co‐catalyst. On the one hand, the disulfide serves as an electron hole shuttle between the excited photoredox catalyst and the selenium co‐catalyst. On the other hand, the sulfur species engages in the final, product releasing step of the catalytic cycle by accelerating the β‐elimination of the selenium moiety, which was found in many cases to lead to considerably improved product yields.
The “In situ electrolyte” as a sustainable alternative for the realization of high‐power devices
Authors: Sander Miriam , Magar Sandesh Darlami , Etter Martin , Balducci Andrea , Borchardt Lars
Published: January 2024

The “in situ electrolyte” displays a concept for electric double‐layer‐ as well as metal‐ion capacitors in which the by‐products formed during carbon synthesis serve directly as electrolyte salt to minimize waste. In this work, the concept is applied for lithium‐ and sodium‐based systems realizing EDLCs containing aqueous, “Water in Salt” (up to 1.8 V) as well as organic (2.4 V) electrolytes. Via the mechanochemical synthesis, carbon materials with surface areas up to 2000 m2 g−1 and an optimal amount of remaining by‐product are designed from the renewable resource lignin. Different cation‐anion combinations are enabled by further modification directly inside the pores creating imide‐based salts which are tracked by synchrotron in situ XRD. By the addition of solvents, the EDLCs show good capacitances up to 21 F g−1 combined with excellent rate performances and stabilities. Moreover, the LiTFSI loaded carbon as positive electrode introduces a new tunable lithium alternative for the pre‐lithiation of Li‐ion capacitors displaying a good rate performance and cyclability.
A test of the frost wave hypothesis in a temperate ungulate
Authors: Ortega Anna C. , Merkle Jerod A. , Sawyer Hall , Monteith Kevin L. , Lionberger Patrick , Valdez Miguel , Kauffman Matthew J.
Published: January 2024

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that temperate herbivores surf the green wave of emerging plants during spring migration. Despite the importance of autumn migration, few studies have conceptualized resource tracking of temperate herbivores during this critical season. We adapted the frost wave hypothesis (FWH), which posits that animals pace their autumn migration to reduce exposure to snow but increase acquisition of forage. We tested the FWH in a population of mule deer in Wyoming, USA by tracking the autumn migrations of n = 163 mule deer that moved 15–288 km from summer to winter range. Migrating deer experienced similar amounts of snow but 1.4–2.1 times more residual forage than if they had naïve knowledge of when or how fast to migrate. Importantly, deer balanced exposure to snow and forage in a spatial manner. At the fine scale, deer avoided snow near their mountainous summer ranges and became more risk prone to snow near winter range. Aligning with their higher tolerance of snow and lingering behavior to acquire residual forage, deer increased stopover use by 1 ± 1 day (95% CI) day for every 10% of their migration completed. Our findings support the prediction that mule deer pace their autumn migration with the onset of snow and residual forage, but refine the FWH to include movement behavior en route that is spatially dynamic.
Neighbourhood socioeconomic status and pain among older adults—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Okuyama Kenta , Johansson Sven‐Erik , Sundquist Kristina
Published: January 2024

Background

Pain is associated with falls, disability and a poor quality of life among older adults. It is highly prevalent in many societies, and studies have shown that pain could be preventable or managed more effectively at the population level. However, few studies have investigated who is at higher risk of pain in the general population, which is important for development of effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to investigate, by using nationally representative samples in Sweden, whether neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with pain among older adults after considering other important risk factors.

Methods

The study used the Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‐SILC), which is a nationwide annual survey of the living conditions of residents in Sweden. We used the data of individuals who were over 65 years of age between 2008 and 2013. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between neighbourhood SES and severe pain.

Results

Those who resided in low SES neighbourhoods had a 30% higher odds of having severe pain than those who resided in high SES neighbourhoods after controlling for individual risk factors, such as the sex, age, individual SES, smoking, exercise habits and body mass index. Exercise was protective against severe pain.

Conclusion

Given the high prevalence of pain across populations, interventions targeting geographic areas (such as those in the current study) in combination with individual risk factors could be effective to reduce the burden of pain at the population level.

Significance

Those who reside in neighbourhoods with low SES may have higher risks of pain due to a lack of health‐promoting resources as well as psychological stress. Further studies identifying the specific mechanisms behind the association between neighbourhood SES and pain would be useful in order to develop effective interventions.
Converting the energy of sea waves into electrical energy
Authors: Kassayeva Assylkanym , Balekova Aknur , Yerzhanov Kalyy
Published: January 2024

The study is highly relevant as ocean waves hold significant potential for producing electricity. Improvements in production, usage and rectification of research errors are crucial for meeting the energy demands of diverse consumers. The aim of this work is to put forward recommendations for eliminating design and implementation errors in wave energy conversion systems, specifically for offshore power plants, and to analyze their performance. Various methods were employed, including the analytical method, classification method, functional method, statistical method, synthesis method, and others. During the study, the characteristics and differences of ocean waves were observed, along with an analysis of the errors that can occur during the operation of offshore power plants designed for wave energy production and their associated causes. Uncertainties affecting the development of these power stations were identified, and the potential of sea waves as an energy resource was examined. Recommendations for enhanced regulation were put forward. The practicality lies in applying the identified findings to rectify errors in offshore power stations that use sea waves. This guarantees reliable operation by considering various factors and assists in recommending the optimal use of energy resources.
Enhancing the Metalating Power of ZnEt2 via Formation of an Alkyl/Alkoxide Potassium Zincate
Authors: Kocher Jasmin , Judge Neil R. , Hevia Eva
Published: January 2024

Advancing the use of alkali‐metal alkoxides as additives to activate organometallic reagents, here we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel potassium zincate [{(PMDETA)KZn(OtBu)Et2}2] obtained by co‐complexation of equimolar amounts of potassium tert‐butoxide, diethyl zinc and the tridentate donor PMDETA (N,N,N’,N’’,N’’‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). Demonstrating its ability to activate both of the Et groups towards alkyne C−H metalation, this zincate reacts at room temperature with 2 equivalents of phenylacetylene to furnish [(THF)2KZn(CCPh)2(OtBu)}2], whereas, for the homometallic [ZnEt2(TMEDA)] (TMEDA=N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethylethylendiamine) only one Et group is reactive towards the same substrate under the same conditions. Investigations on the reactivity of these complexes to undergo N−H amine metalation using 2, 6‐diisopropylphenylamine (NH2Dipp) and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ(H)) as model substrates revealed that while homometallic [ZnEt2(TMEDA)] is completely inert towards these amines, heterobimetallic [{(PMDETA)KZn(OtBu)Et2}2] reacts through one of its Et groups to form [(THF)2KZn(OtBu)(Et)(NHDipp)] as well as [(THF)4K2Zn(THQ)4]. The latter is obtained as a side product of ligand redistribution of a putative [(THF)nKZn(OtBu)(Et)(THQ)] intermediate. An alternative method to access mixed amide/alkoxide potassium zincates is also described by assessing the co‐complexation of KOtBu with Zn(HMDS)2 in the presence of PMDETA which gave [(PMDETA)KZn(HMDS)2(OtBu)].
Novel chimeric antigen receptor‐expressing T cells targeting the malignant mesothelioma‐specific antigen sialylated HEG1
Authors: Kouro Taku , Higashijima Naoko , Horaguchi Shun , Mano Yasunobu , Kasajima Rika , Xiang Huihui , Fujimoto Yuki , Kishi Hiroyuki , Hamana Hiroshi , Hoshino Daisuke , Himuro Hidetomo , Matsuura Rieko , Tsuji Shoutaro , Imai Kohzoh , Sasada Tetsuro
Published: January 2024

The selection of highly specific target antigens is critical for the development of clinically efficient and safe chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). In search of diagnostic marker for malignant mesothelioma (MM), we have established SKM9‐2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) which recognizes a MM‐specific molecule, sialylated Protein HEG homolog 1 (HEG1), with high specificity and sensitivity. In this study, to develop a novel therapeutic approach against MM, we generated SKM9‐2 mAb‐derived CARs that included the CD28 (SKM‐28z) or 4‐1BB (SKM‐BBz) costimulatory domain. SKM‐28z CAR‐T cells showed continuous growth and enhanced Tim‐3, LAG‐3, and PD‐1 expression in vitro, which might be induced by tonic signaling caused by self‐activation; however, these phenotypes were not observed in SKM‐BBz CAR‐T cells. In addition, SKM‐BBz CAR‐T cells exhibited slightly stronger in vitro killing activity against MM cell lines than SKM‐28z CAR‐T cells. More importantly, only SKM‐BBz CAR‐T cells, but not SKM‐28z CAR‐T cells, significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a MM cell line xenograft mouse model. Gene expression profiling and reporter assays revealed differential signaling pathway activation; in particular, SKM‐BBz CAR‐T cells exhibited enhanced NF‐kB signaling and reduced NFAT activation. In addition, SKM‐BBz CAR‐T cells showed upregulation of early memory markers, such as TCF7 and CCR7, as well as downregulation of pro‐apoptotic proteins, such as BAK1 and BID, which may be associated with phenotypical and functional differences between SKM‐BBz and SKM‐28z CAR‐T cells. In conclusion, we developed novel SKM9‐2‐derived CAR‐T cells with the 4‐1BB costimulatory domain, which could provide a promising therapeutic approach against refractory MM.
Trps1 predicts poor prognosis in advanced high grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaojiang , Sun Jiandong , Liu Yue , Lin Zihang , Jiang Xia , Ye Yuhong , Lv Chengyu , Lian Xiuli , Xu Weiwei , Luo Shanshan , Liao Shumin , Chen Zhangting , Wang Shie
Published: January 2024

TRPS1 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumors, including breast, prostate, and gastric cancers, and is strongly associated with tumorigenesis or prognosis. However, the role of TRPS1 in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is unknown. We investigated the relationship between TRPS1 expression and clinicopathology in HGSC patients. The tumor‐related regulatory mechanisms of TRPS1 was explored through in vivo and vitro experiments. The results showed that TRPS1 was highly expressed in HGSC compared to normal tissues. It was also linked to the cell proliferation index Ki67 and poor prognosis. In vivo experiments showed that knockdown of TRPS1 could inhibit tumor growth. In vitro experiments, knockdown of TRPS1 inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. TRPS1 exerted its regulatory role as a transcription factor, binding to the PSAT1 promoter and promoting the expression of PSAT1 gene. Meanwhile, PSAT1 was positively correlated with CCND1 expression. These results suggest that TRPS1 affects HGSC proliferation and cell cycle by regulating PSAT1 and thus CCND1 expression.
A systematic review on multipotent carcinogenic agent, N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), its major risk assessment, and precautions
Authors: Janmeda Pracheta , Jain Divya , Chaudhary Priya , Meena Mukesh , Singh Devendra
Published: January 2024

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) as a possible carcinogen and mutagenic substances, placing it in category 2A of compounds that are probably harmful to humans. It is found in nature and tobacco smoke, along with its precursors, and is also synthesized endogenously in the human body. The oral or parenteral administration of a minimal quantity of NDEA results in severe liver and kidney organ damage. The NDEA required bioactivation by CYP450 enzyme to form DNA adduct in the alkylation mechanism. Thus, this bioactivation directs oxidative stress and injury to cells due to the higher formation of reactive oxygen species and alters antioxidant system in tissues, whereas free radical scavengers guard the membranes from NDEA‐directed injury in many enzymes. This might be one of the reasons in the etiology of cancer that is not limited to a certain target organ but can affect various organs and organ systems. Although there are various possible approaches for the treatment of NDEA‐induced cancer, their therapeutic outcomes are still very dismal. However, several precautions were considered to be taken during handling or working with NDEA, as it considered being the best way to lower down the occurrence of NDEA‐directed cancers. The present review was designed to enlighten the general guidelines for working with NDEA, possible mechanism, to alter the antioxidant line to cause malignancy in different parts of animal body along with its protective agents. Thus, revelation to constant, unpredictable stress situations even in common life may remarkably augment the toxic potential through the rise in the oxidative stress and damage of DNA.
How does work affect fathers' daily interaction with adolescents? An expanded self‐regulation perspective
Authors: French Kimberly A. , Liu Songqi , Ohannessian Christine M. , Tennen Howard
Published: January 2024

The management of the daily rhythm of work and childrearing, two central responsibilities of working fathers, has received limited research attention. Drawing from an expanded self‐regulation perspective, this study seeks to understand the within‐person depletion and compensation mechanisms that explain how fathers' daily work experiences spillover to influence their next‐day parenting interactions. We also posit that actual childrearing support by mothers and its unavailability may shape fathers' day‐to‐day caregiving rhythm by injecting resources and/or cuing demands for father parenting involvement. Using daily triadic data (N = 631 within‐person observations) from 96 fathers, mothers and their adolescent children in the United States, we found that the lagged relationship between fathers' negative work events and next‐day father–adolescent conflict was mediated by fathers' psychological distress. In addition, we found that negative work events were associated with increased father–adolescent routine activities the next day via time‐based work–family conflict, but only when mothers worked the next day. We further found that negative work events were associated with decreased father–adolescent interactive activities the next day via psychological distress, but only when mothers provided less routine care than normal the next day. Our study portrays fathers juggling work and parenting as a sequenced balancing act. Importantly, incorporating mothers' daily work status and routine parent–adolescent interactions enriches our understanding of fathers' daily work‐to‐parenting spillover process.
Circulation patterns in the middle and upper troposphere and their relationships with summer precipitation in the Jianghuai River Basin
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Wang Lijuan , Liu Danling , Han Tongxin , Bao Ruijuan
Published: January 2024

The upper and lower‐level circulations can be divided into four distinct modes based on ERA5 daily reanalysis data. The impact of these patterns on the summer persistent precipitation (SPP) in the Jianghuai River Basin (JRB) is investigated, with the ‘−SR (Silk Road)/+EAP (East Asia‐Pacific)’ mode identified as the most favourable for triggering SPP. The main manifestations are as follows: (1) From 1981 to 2020, 29.4% (30.7%) of extreme precipitation days (the frequencies of persistent extreme precipitation) are related to the ‘−SR/+EAP’ mode, indicating the importance of the ‘−SR/+EAP’ mode to the SPP in the JRB. (2) The ‘−SR’ pattern accelerates the westerly jet, leading to strong divergence over the JRB. Concurrently, the eastward movement of the South Asia High and westward shift of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) create conditions favourable for SPP in the JRB. (3) Abundant water vapour, facilitated by strong moisture convergence and upward motion, significantly contributes to SPP in the JRB.
Diagnosis change in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Duarte Harold , Stolfi Adrienne , McCall Courtney , Saeed Shehzad , Sandberg Kelly
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study aims to characterize pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who change diagnosis and describe the characteristics of that change.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on pediatric IBD patients from the ImproveCareNow (ICN) multicenter international cohort from 2007 to January 2019. Primary outcome was change in diagnosis after the first four visits. Other variables included demographics, diagnostics, disease characteristics, and timing.

Results

6.1% of 18,055 patients aged 1–20 years changed diagnosis. Median time between the baseline visit and first diagnosis change was 0.9 years. Change in diagnosis occurred in 257/12,178 (2.1%) patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 347/4758 (7.3%) patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 495/1119 (44.2%) patients with IBD‐Unclassified (IBD‐U). In multivariable analysis, initial diagnosis of IBD‐U and longer follow‐up times were associated with greater odds of a diagnosis change.

Conclusion

IBD‐U initial diagnosis and longer follow‐up were associated with increased diagnosis change risk. The most common change was reclassification to CD. Disease activity, moderate malnutrition, and presence of EIMs were not associated with change in diagnosis.
Chemical profiling of Simiao pill and quantification of main effective constituents in it by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive Orbitrap and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Le , Sun Ye , Wei Shuyun , Wen Hao , Liu Ruicheng , Wang Xijun
Published: January 2024

Simiao pill is one of the most commonly used prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. However, methods based on more accurate and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses of the active ingredients are not yet perfect due to limited methodology. This not only hinders the elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism of Simiao pill, but also its comprehensive clinical development and utilization. In this study, we employed ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐Q Exactive Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry technology to perform rapid analysis and identification of the chemical constituents in Simiao pill. A total of 101 chemical components were identified, including 26 alkaloids, 15 terpenoids, 11 flavonoids, eight steroids, six fatty acids, five limonoids, four saponins, five phenylpropanoids, and 21 other compounds. In addition, we established a new method by high‐throughput ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐Q Exactive Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole‐tandem mass spectrometry technology for quantification of 14 main active ingredients, such as adenosine (1), phellodendrine (2), mangnoflorine (3), β‐ecdysterone (4), 25R‐inokosterone (5), 25S‐inokosterone (6), jatrorrhizine (7), palmatine (8), chikusetsu saponin IVa (9), limonin (10), atractylenolide III (11), atractylenolide I (12), obacunone (13), and atractylenolide II (14) in Simiao pill. This work laid a foundation for further analysis and quality control of effective components in Simiao pill.
Comparison of different extraction methods of active ingredients of Chinese medicine and natural products
Authors: Li Geyuan , Chen Dongya
Published: January 2024

Like other traditional medicine in the world, Chinese traditional medicine (CTM) has a long history, which is a treasure of the combination of medicine and Chinese classical culture even more than 5000 years. For thousands of years, CTM has made great contributions to the reproduction and health of the Chinese people. It was an efficient therapeutic tool under the guidance of Chinese traditional medical theory, its source is generally natural products, but there are also a small number of it are natural products after some processing methods. In fact, the definition of Chinese medicine (CM) includes both traditional and new CM developed by modern technology. It is well known that the chemical composition of most CM and natural products is very complex, for example, a single herb may contain hundreds of different chemicals, including active ingredients, side effects, and even toxic ingredients. Therefore, the extraction process is particularly crucial for the quality and clinical efficacy of CM and natural products. In this work, a new classification method was proposed to divide the extraction technologies of CM and natural products into 21 kinds in recent years and analyze their status, advantages, and disadvantages. Then put forward a new technical route based on ultra‐high‐pressure extraction technology for rapid extraction else while removing harmful impurities and making higher utilization of CM and natural products. It is a useful exploration for the extraction industry of medicinal materials and natural products in the world.