bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“
Ca
. Nitrosocosmicus” members are the dominant archaea associated with plant rhizospheres
Authors: Lee Ui-Ju , Gwak Joo-Han , Choi Seungyeon , Jung Man-Young , Lee Tae Kwon , Ryu Hojin , Imisi Awala Samuel , Wanek Wolfgang , Wagner Michael , Quan Zhe-Xue , Rhee Sung-Keun
Published: November 2024

Archaea catalyzing the first step of nitrification in the rhizosphere possibly have an influence on plant growth and development. In this study, we found a distinct archaeal community, dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), associated with the root system of pepper (
Capsicum anuum
L.) and ginseng plants (
Panax ginseng
C.A. Mey.) compared to bulk soil not penetrated by roots. While the abundance of total AOA decreased in the rhizosphere soils, AOA related to “
Candidatus
Nitrosocosmicus,” which harbor gene encoding manganese catalase (MnKat) in contrast to most other AOA, dominated the AOA community in the rhizosphere soils. For both plant species, the ratio of copy numbers of the AOA MnKat gene to the
amoA
gene (encoding the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A) was significantly higher in the rhizospheres than in bulk soils. In contrast to MnKat-negative strains from other AOA clades, the catalase activity of a representative isolate of “
Ca.
Nitrosocosmicus” was demonstrated. Members of this clade were enriched in H
2
O
2
-amended bulk soils, and constitutive expression of their MnKat gene was observed in both bulk and rhizosphere soils. Due to their abundance,
“Ca.
Nitrosocosmicus
”
members can be considered important players mediating the nitrification process in rhizospheres. The dominance of this MnKat-containing AOA in rhizospheres of agriculturally important plants hints at a previously overlooked AOA-plant interaction.

IMPORTANCE

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are widespread in terrestrial environments and outnumber other ammonia oxidizers in the rhizosphere, possibly exerting an influence on plant growth and development. However, little is known about the selection forces that shape their composition, functions, survival, and proliferation strategies in the rhizosphere. Here, we observed a distinct AOA community on root systems of two different plant species compared to bulk soil. Our results show that the
“Ca.
Nitrosocosmicus
”
clade, which possesses functional MnKat genes unlike most other AOA, dominated the rhizosphere soils. Moreover, members of this clade were enriched in H2O2-amended bulk soil, which mimics the ROS stress in root systems. While research on AOA-plant interactions in the rhizosphere is still in its infancy, these findings suggest that
“Ca.
Nitrosocosmicus
”
may be an important clade of AOA with potential AOA-plant interaction.
Quantum Accelerometry Based on a Geometric Phase
Authors: Rostom A. M. , Tomilin V. A. , Il’ichev L. V.
Published: November 2024

A conceptual model of a promising quantum accelerometer based on a two-mode atomic Bose–Einstein condensate has been proposed. Acceleration generates a specific difference in geometric phases between the condensate modes, which shifts the interference pattern of matter waves. The modes have ring configurations, in the plane of which the measured acceleration vector lies. The homogeneity of the potentials of the ring configurations is interrupted by additional localized potentials generated by defects. Under the variation of the parameters of appropriately located defects with a certain structure, the wavefunctions of the condensate modes acquire geometric phases that differ in the presence of acceleration. Calculations performed for ring configurations of the condensate of 87Rb atoms with a radius of 0.25 mm has showed that the proposed scheme can detect a microgravity of ~10–6–10–7g.
Bound States of High-Order Magnetic Skyrmions and a Superconducting Pearl Vortex
Authors: Fedoseev A. D. , Shustin M. S. , Dzebisashvili D. M.
Published: November 2024

It has been shown that stray fields of a superconducting Pearl vortex can form bound states with high-order magnetic skyrmions due to orbital effects of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. By analogy with recent results for skyrmions with the topological charge |Q| = 1 [E. S. Andriyakhina, S. Apostoloff, and I. S. Burmistrov, JETP Lett. 116, 825 (2022)], the centers of high-order magnetic skyrmions in such bound states can be shifted with respect to the center of the superconducting vortex. It has been shown that ponderomotive forces acting on the simplest high-order magnetic skyrmions with the topological charge |Q| = 2 tend to form noncoaxial bound states.
Photovoltaic Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Fluctuating Superconductors
Authors: Boev M. V. , Kovalev V. M.
Published: November 2024

The possibility of the existence of the photovoltaic Hall effect, i.e., the transverse response of a two-dimensional system with a constant driving electric field acting in the plane of the system, to circularly polarized incident radiation near the phase transition of the system to the superconducting state from the normal phase at T > Tc is discussed. It is shown that the photovoltaic Hall effect can be caused by superconducting fluctuations in the regime where normal electrons do not contribute to this effect.
Quantum Effects at a Spin-Flop Transition in the Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator MnBi2Te4
Authors: Val’kov V. V. , Zlotnikov A. O. , Gamov A. , Fedorova N. A. , Tomilin F. N.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the experimentally detected features in the low-temperature behavior of the magnetization in an external magnetic field perpendicular to the layers of manganese ions of the topological antiferromagnet MnBi2Te4 are due to quantum effects induced by the off-diagonal nature of the trigonal component of the crystal field. In this case, the anomalous increase in the magnetization of the material before the spin-flop transition, as well as after it in the phase of “collapsed” sublattices, is explained by the suppression of contributions from quantum effects. The comparison of the results of the theoretical analysis with experimental data has made it possible to refine the parameters of the effective spin model of MnBi2Te4 and to establish the important role of the noted trigonal component.
On the Equivalence of Phase and Polarization Transformations in Quantum Optics
Authors: Molotkov S. N. , Sushchev I. S.
Published: November 2024

Relations have been derived to prove that field correlation functions for polarization and phase transformations of radiation states in quantum optics are equivalent in measurements.
Increasing resuscitation status-related goals of care discussions for older adults with severe mental illness in a Canadian mental health setting: a retrospective study
Authors: de Lasa Cristina , Mesfin Elnathan , Tajirian Tania , Chessex Caroline , Lo Brian , Sockalingam Sanjeev
Published: November 2024

Background

Older adults with severe mental illness, including advanced dementia (AD), within geriatric admission units (GAU) often prioritise comfort care, avoiding life-prolonging procedures including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Pre-2019, hospital policy lacked a resuscitation status order (RSO) incorporating distinct do-not-resuscitate levels. Providers entered ‘NO CPR’ orders in the electronic health record (EHR), necessitating transfers for non-CPR medical issues, contradicting patient preferences.

Methods

The study aimed for a 75% increase in resuscitation status-related (RSR) goals of care discussion (GOCD) completion rates within 1 week of GAU admission or transfer by December 2022. We implemented an EHR RSO, updated hospital policy and provided staff education. A 4-year GAU retrospective chart review assessed RSR GOCD frequency, completion time, documentation quality and discrepancies. Additionally, an environmental scan identified contributing factors to RSR GOCD.

Results

Among 431 reviewed charts, the mean RSR GOCD completion rate was 13.9%; taking 39.5 days, with extreme outliers removed, the mean of time to completion was 15 days. Subgroup analysis highlighted a significant difference in RSR GOCD completion rates for AD (41.6%) compared with non-AD patients (16.3%). Discrepancy rates in charts with RSR GOCD were substantial: documentation without a corresponding RSO (66.7%), RSO without documentation (26.1%) and discordant resuscitation status between documentation and RSO (7.2%). Documentation quality varied: 32.9% lacked context, 20.7% had limited context, while 46.3% provided comprehensive context. Barriers to RSR GOCD included the absence of an EHR documentation tool and clear triggers.

Conclusion

RSR GOCD completion rates were lower and took longer than anticipated, highlighting improvement opportunities. AD subgroup analysis indicated provider awareness of RSR GOCD importance in this population. Discrepancies and documentation quality issues pose risks to patient-centred care. Collaborative stakeholder efforts are imperative for developing system-based informatics solutions, ensuring timely, comprehensive and patient-centred RSR GOCD.
Gender disparity in Canadian Institutes of Health Research funding within neurology
Authors: Tao Brendan , Tsai Chia-Chen , Wang Catherine , Vosoughi Amir R , Bui Esther , Chapman Kristine M , Fox Susan , Khosa Faisal
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite efforts to advance equity, diversity and inclusion, women face gender-based barriers in research, including in neurology. Compared with men, women are less likely to hold leadership positions and be senior authors. Gender disparities in grant funding within neurology have yet to be investigated. We examine gender disparities in Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) funding for Canadian neurology divisions and departments.

Methods

Data on CIHR grant recipients and metrics (grant contribution, duration and quantity) within Canadian neurology divisions and departments between 2008 and 2022 were acquired from the CIHR Funding Decisions Database. Gender identity was determined by a validated application programming interface. Gender-based differences in CIHR grant contribution amount, duration and prevalence within neurology were calculated. Subgroup analysis was conducted for Canadian-licensed neurologists and Project Grant awards.

Results

1604 grants were awarded to Canadian neurology divisions and departments between 2008 and 2022. Compared with men, women received less funding (p<0.0001), shorter grant durations (p<0.0001) and fewer grants (41.5%) annually. Women comprised the minority of recipients (45.5%) and were less likely to be awarded grants (p<0.001) annually relative to men. Differences were consistent in subgroup analyses, except for equal grant durations observed across genders in Project Grant awards.

Conclusion

We report gender disparities in CIHR grant funding to Canadian neurology divisions and departments. Women receive lower contribution amounts, shorter grant durations and fewer grants than men. Future recommendations include addressing gender differences and continuing to evaluate CIHR funding to provide equal opportunities for women in research and funding.
Impact of department chair gender on paid parental leave across American anaesthesiology residencies
Authors: Morah Ofodile , Khosa Faisal
Published: November 2024

Background

Residency training and parenthood are conflicting pursuits for many residents, as both often occur during similar years of life. Online policy about paid parental leave for residents is important for not only mitigating this dilemma, but also ensuring that the associated health benefits can be fully capitalised on.

Purpose

Investigate the extent of advertised paid parental leave for anaesthesiology residencies in the USA and to explore whether this had an association with the gender of the department chair for these programmes. Analysis of Canadian anaesthesiology residencies was performed to assess whether a nation with federally protected paid parental leave yielded disparate rates of advertised paid parental leave.

Methods

All accredited US anaesthesiology residency programme websites were reviewed to determine the gender of the department chair and the existence of advertised paid parental leave for residents. χ2analysis was used to determine if there was a statistically significant association between the gender of anaesthesiology residency department chairs and paid parental leave advertised. Rates of advertised paid parental leave were compared with those seen in Canadian anaesthesiology residencies.

Results

US anaesthesiology residency department chairs were 84% (137/164) men. Of the men-led programmes, 42% (58/137) advertised paid parental leave, while 70% (19/27) of women-led programmes advertised such benefits (p<0.05). Overall, 47% of (77/164) of US anaesthesiology residencies advertised paid parental leave, while 76% (13/17) of Canadian anaesthesiology residencies advertised paid parental leave (p<0.05).

Conclusion

In the USA, anaesthesiology residencies with department chairs held by women had a higher rate of advertised paid parental leave. Such findings call attention to the potential downstream effects of lacking diversity in leadership within medicine. When compared with the USA, Canada was found to have higher rates of advertised paid parental leave across their anaesthesiology residencies, potentially highlighting the impact of federal legislature on medical residents.
Using Delay for Control
Authors: Fridman Emilia , Selivanov Anton
Published: November 2024

This article reviews two techniques that use delay for control: time-delay approaches to control problems (which initially may be free of delays) and the intentional insertion of delays into the feedback. We begin with a now widely used time-delay approach to sampled-data control. In networked control systems with communication constraints, this is the only method that accommodates transmission delays larger than the sampling intervals. We present a predictor-based design that enlarges the maximum allowable delay, which is important for practical implementations. We then discuss methods that use artificial delays via simple Lyapunov functionals that lead to feasible linear matrix inequalities for small delays and simple sampled-data implementations. Finally, we briefly present a new time-delay approach—this time to averaging. Unlike previous results, this approach provides the first quantitative bounds on the small parameter, making averaging-based control (including vibrational and extremum-seeking control) reliable.
Targeted Drug Delivery: From Chemistry to Robotics at Small Scales
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Nicholas James D. , Puigmartí-Luis Josep , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador
Published: November 2024

The limited bioavailability, susceptibility to degradation, and adverse side effects of novel drugs often hinder their effective administration. Nanoparticles, with customizable properties and small size, have emerged as potential carriers, though their delivery efficiency remains low. With their ability to navigate fluid environments, micro- and nanorobots offer promising solutions to improve the delivery and retention of drugs at targeted tissues. The design and composition of these motile devices, often inspired by natural locomotion mechanisms, are currently being refined for improved biocompatibility, adaptability, and collective task performance. Recent research has focused on loading these devices with therapeutic agents and evaluating their efficacy in living organisms. While chemotherapy has been predominant, micro- and nanorobots also show significant potential for biological and physical therapies, and hybrid methods combining multiple therapies have demonstrated synergistic benefits. This review identifies major challenges, including the need for application-specific solutions, standardized performance evaluation methods, and the integration of engineering with pharmacology.
Geology: The Once and Future Crown Jewel of Science?
Authors: Álvarez Walter
Published: November 2024

As a field geologist, I have been involved in the overwhelming excitement of three scientific revolutions—a mini revolution in structural geology, the impact-extinction revolution that freed geology from uncompromising uniformitarianism, and the plate tectonic revolution that turned the routine field of geology into one of the most exciting and essential sciences of the present time. I have also worked across several discipline boundaries, an activity I call scientific trespassing. My career has unfolded in such unexpected ways that, like anyone's life and like the history of our planet, it can only be seen as a most improbable journey. A focus on these three concepts and on the history of geology (a traditional name used here for all the Earth sciences) leads to the understanding that geology was once the crown jewel of sciences, and that after a century of necessary but routine geologic mapping, geology now needs to resume its crown jewel role because the understanding and care of our planet is becoming humanity's most urgent task.
Ensuring Security and Privacy in VANET: A Comprehensive Survey of Authentication Approaches
Authors: B K Soujanya , Azam Farooque
Published: November 2024

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are revolutionizing intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and as a result, research on their security is becoming increasingly important. As the primary security concern for VANET, authentication security is still quite difficult to achieve. Consequently, the prior knowledge of VANET is covered in this survey before outlining the primary security concerns. To set itself apart from previous surveys, this study suggests security properties and challenges among VANET. Next, the essential and significant features of a secure VANET system, such as confidentiality and integrity of data, and the availability of network systems have been reported, the authenticity of nodes and messages, and the refusal to deny data once it has been transmitted is detailed. Later, it outlined the requirement of the ITS which makes the survey unique. More importantly, the report on the most recent developments in VANET concentrates on the authentication schemes that have been proposed recently. The security features and authentication resistance against attacks, along with the overhead and efficiency of these schemes, are thoroughly examined and contrasted. A detailed analysis of V2V, V2I, and V2X authentication is been reported. Various cryptographic schemes have been discussed along with some advanced techniques such as Blockchain and hybrid schemes. An overview of the integration of 5G/6G networks is documented. Applications of VANET have been discussed in detail along with some open challenges in VANET. In summary, this work reviews a few lessons learned and explores different possibilities for future research.
Umbilical Cord–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Ornidazole‐Induced Asthenozoospermia in Rats via Activation of the AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Huang GaoBo , Quan Li , Li Qi , Zhou Xiao , Han Mei , Peng Fang , Gong YanFei
Published: November 2024

Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highly confirmed for their critical role in the treatment of different diseases. This study focuses on the mechanism of umbilical cord–derived MSCs (UC‐MSCs) in the treatment of ornidazole (ORN)‐induced asthenozoospermia (AS) in rats via the AKT/mTOR pathway.

Methods: An animal model of AS was established in ORN‐induced rats, followed by treatment of UC‐MSCs and rapamycin (autophagy activator) or MK‐2206 (AKT inhibitor). The sperm motility, concentration, and viability of rats were measured by an automatic sperm analyzer. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was conducted to observe the pathological injury of testicular tissue in rats. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was utilized to evaluate the apoptosis rate of testicular cells. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, autophagy‐related proteins, and AKT, p‐AKT, mTOR, and p‐mTOR. The rate of light chain 3 (LC3)–positive cells in testicular tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: In ORN‐induced AS rats, sperm motility, concentration, and viability as well as the number of mesenchymal cells and spermatogenic cells were significantly decreased, spermatogenic tubule space, apoptosis rate, and cleaved caspase‐3, LC3II/I, Beclin‐1, and LC3‐positive cell rates were increased, and Bcl2 was downregulated. UC‐MSCs could improve sperm quality and testicular injury in AS rats by inhibiting excessive autophagy. Besides, UC‐MSCs could activate the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway partially reversed the therapeutic effect of UC‐MSCs on ORN‐induced AS rats.

Conclusion: UC‐MSCs inhibit autophagy and improve sperm quality in AS rats through the AKT/mTOR pathway, highlighting a new idea for the treatment of AS.
De Novo Kaposi Sarcoma in an HIV‐Negative Liver Transplant Recipient With Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Ramakrishnan Pavithra , Amin Khalid , Gaertner Wolfgang , Aby Elizabeth S.
Published: November 2024

De novo or viral reactivation cancers are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the solid organ transplant (SOT) population. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an aggressive disease which can lead to cholestatic liver damage and cirrhosis. PSC often cooccurs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we describe the case of a 28‐year‐old male with PSC along with poorly controlled IBD who underwent a liver transplant and developed colonic Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Our case highlights the importance of adequate pretransplant screening for endemic viruses, high clinical suspicion for KS in the setting of difficult‐to‐control colitis, and early multidisciplinary involvement.
Table 4 from Region-Based Analyses of Existing Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Potential Genetic Susceptibility Regions for Glioma
Authors: Alpen Karen , Maclnnis Robert J. , Vajdic Claire M. , Lai John , Dowty James G. , Koh Eng-Siew , Hovey Elizabeth , Harrup Rosemary , Nguyen Tuong L. , Li Shuai , Joseph David , Benke Geza , Dugué Pierre-Antoine , Southey Melissa C. , Giles Graham G. , Nowak Anna K. , Drummond Katharine J. , Schmidt Daniel F. , Hopper John L. , Kapuscinski Miroslaw K. , Makalic Enes
Published: November 2024

Association of the genes within the potential novel risk regions with the synapse, neurodevelopment, neurological disorders, glioma tumor cell growth, and other cancers according to a PubMed search
Polyradiculitis as a Neurological Complication Associated with Adagrasib: A Case Report
Authors: Leeuwenberg Kristofoor E. , ter Heine Rob , Gijtenbeek Johanna M.M. , van den Heuvel Michel M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Adagrasib is an upcoming anticancer treatment for KRAS G12C-mutated non-small-cell lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer and potentially other solid tumors harboring this mutation. It is generally well-tolerated and reports of neurological adverse events so far have been limited. Case Presentation: We present to our best knowledge the first case of a 70-year-old woman who was admitted with polyradiculitis as a treatment-related complication of adagrasib. Symptoms resolved after treatment with prednisone and therapy interruption of adagrasib followed by a permanent dose reduction. After the dose reduction, there was an ongoing effective tumor response at follow-up, and serum concentrations of adagrasib remained within the therapeutic index. Conclusion: Through this case report, we aim to bring attention to the possibility of this side effect, as we believe it is important to be aware of it for future patients undergoing treatment with adagrasib.
Forecasting the Worldwide Impact of Stroke for Individuals Aged 45 and Above
Authors: Fan Weinv , Ma Qinghua , Guan Qiongfeng , Wang Feng , Li Hui
Published: November 2024

Background: We aimed to assess the global impact of stroke in people aged 45 years and older between 1990 and 2030, focusing on morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Methods: Generalized additive models were used to project disease burden from 2020 to 2030. Additionally, the association between sociodemographic index (SDI) and stroke burden was investigated, and regional differences were assessed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The overall age-standardized stroke incidence rate (ASIR) among adults aged 45 years and older is projected to increase from 2020 to 2030, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of 1.29. Conversely, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) in EAPC is expected to decrease by −1.48, and the age-standardized DALY in EAPC is expected to decrease by −1.66. By 2030, men are expected to have higher ASIR (181.81) and ASDR (87.31) than women (ASIR: 151.85, ASDR: 65.20). Regional differences are large. East Asia is expected to have the highest ASIR in 2030 (265.55). Age estimates show that older age groups, particularly those aged 75–79, are at higher risk of stroke. In addition, there is a significant inverse relationship between SDI and stroke severity, with areas with higher SDI tending to have lower morbidity, mortality, and DALYs. Conclusion: From 1990 to 2030, ASIR is expected to upgrade, especially in East Asia and regions with lower SDI. Men will bear a greater burden than women.
Project Management Knowledge Analysis – A Case of Symptom Checker Development Project
Authors: Gunadham Thanyatida
Published: November 2024

Over the past years, emerging technologies have always been crucial for organizations from various industries. Several organizations have implemented new technologies to serve customers’ needs better and be more competitive in the market. Healthcare services are also one of the industries that need to stay up to date with recent technologies. Therefore, they can apply these technologies to their information systems projects. This paper aims to discuss a case of symptom checker development project carried out in a hospital in Thailand. Project management knowledge areas applied in the project are also identified from the activities performed in the project. Moreover, the main problems that occurred during the project were addressed along with the recommendations for solving the problems. The findings suggest that organizations apply only some project management knowledge areas from the framework. Those are project scope management, project procurement management, project integration management, project schedule management, project quality management, and project communication management.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Grammarly in Improving the Writing Skills of ESL/EFL Students
Authors: Llausas Shaina May , Ruiz Eddielyne , Ayucan Syndrell Mae , Evardo Jr. Orville J.
Published: November 2024

This systematic literature review examines the effectiveness of Grammarly as an Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tool for improving the writing skills of English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Drawing on 10 studies published between 2018 and 2024, the review assesses Grammarly’s key features, benefits, and limitations. Results show that Grammarly significantly reduces grammatical errors, enhances students’ writing confidence, and fosters autonomous learning. However, challenges such as over-reliance on the tool and its limited capacity to provide comprehensive feedback on higher-order writing skills remain. The review underscores the need for further research into Grammarly’s long-term effects on writing development, particularly its efficacy across various academic disciplines and contexts.
The Status of Anti-Piracy of The Optical Media Board: Basis for an Enhanced Standard Operating Procedure
Authors: Areglo Maricel Fernandez
Published: November 2024

The rampant piracy issue in the Philippines has significant repercussions for both the entertainment industry and the government. To address this concern, the Optical Media Board (OMB) was established in 2003 as a government agency; responsible for enforcing intellectual property laws related to optical media. Despite the OMB’s efforts, piracy remains a persistent problem, particularly in the digital domain. The researcher conducted surveys among OMB personnel and licensed clients, utilizing a quantitative descriptive method and purposive sampling technique.The comprehensive evaluation of the OMB’s anti-piracy efforts revealed that the board was very effective in several key areas, including: intelligence/enforcement operations, information campaigns, digital piracy operations and quasi-judicial functions. Both OMB personnel and clients acknowledged the high effectiveness of these areas. However, there were perceptible differences in the perception of information campaigns among the respondents. The study recommends that the OMB intensify its efforts in this domain by disseminating information about piracy trends, emerging threats, and best practices to stakeholders. This collaborative approach aims to enhance the overall effectiveness of government-led anti-piracy initiatives. Furthermore, the challenges faced by the OMB are highlighted in the study, particularly the international nature of piracy operations, which is widely regarded as a formidable obstacle.
Sonhos das janelas do século XIX: quando as fotografias eram uma ideia de futuro
Authors: Souza Fabiane de
Published: November 2024

Em uma formulação muito própria, Walter Benjamin viu na fotografia a presença de futuros passados. A fotografia, nesse sentido, aninha um futuro que só encontraremos depois, quando pudermos lê-lo com os olhos atualizados de outro presente. Partimos de fotografias e escritos dos primeiros inventores e entusiastas da fotografia para investigar pistas de futuro por eles deixadas. Nesse trajeto, nos deparamos com muitas janelas e as identificamos como local privilegiado dos experimentos e como metáfora para uma fotografia que estava por vir. Recuperando algumas janelas do século XIX, encontramos discursos a respeito do futuro e da reconfiguração das maneiras de sentir e viver o tempo.
Imagens e contra-imagens: disputas em torno do significado da ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985)
Authors: Leal Luís Henrique
Published: November 2024

Quais relações podemos estabelecer entre uma imagem de um desfile militar em 1971, outra que um fotojornalista deixa guardada por dez anos antes de publicá-la, uma fotografia da Aeronáutica de presos trocados por um embaixador, a articulação dessa imagem num documentário junto a um depoimento, uma publicidade de TV que diz que ela “sobreviveu à câmara de tortura” e a transmissão da Copa do Mundo de 1970? O artigo reúne e analisa diferentes formas através das quais as imagens operam disputas narrativas em torno do significado da ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985) e, a partir da justaposição de imagens, se propõe a tratar dos termos das disputas nos quais estão em jogo nosso passado e nosso futuro.
O tempo e o olhar na fotografia de Cláudia Andujar
Authors: Lacerda Rayane
Published: November 2024

This study begins from a question that arose in debates at the Intercom Photography GP in 2021 about the time taken to observe a photograph. Thus, we seek to reflect on the time spent looking at images and what it can communicate based on the subject who observes and relates to the photo. We used authors such as Maurício Lissovsky, Boris Kossoy, and Roland Barthes and carried out a floating reading of the series É o trem do diabo by Cláudia Andujar. Finally, we understand that contemplative time is fundamental for the affectivity that draws the gaze, communicating aspects presents in observers’ subjectivity, making it impossible to grasp the Other in their entirety.
Interfaces do Método de Leitura da Paisagem e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG): contribuições do estudo das Unidades de Paisagem para o ensino-aprendizagem no Ateliê de Projeto Urbano
Authors: Valentini Daiane Regina , Saúgo Andreia , Favaretto Angela , Goettems Renata Franceschet , Reis Bruna Luiza Kronbauer , Santos Alice de Souza , Ambos Stefania Hoff , Tonial Luiza Dall'Bosco
Published: November 2024

The interdisciplinary and multiscale methodological approach presented here seeks to understand the biogeophysical support in repeated interactions with society, highlighting the process of socio-spatial production. It outlines the structuring and adaptation of the Landscape Reading method for didactic workshops in Geographic Information Systems, as a result of the GIS research project applied to Landscape Planning developed in (omitted for blind reading). Structuring such method adapted to geotechnology tools and environmental modeling in a GIS environment proved to be of great value for application in Architecture and Urbanism undegraduate courses, which is undergoing an important process of teaching-learning design methodological adaptation, especially in the areas of landscape, urbanism, and urban and regional planning.
Number Attraction in Pronoun Production
Authors: Kandel Margaret , Wyatt Cassidy R. , Phillips Colin
Published: November 2024

Pronoun production involves at least two processes: (i) deciding to refer to a referent with a pronoun instead of a full NP and (ii) determining the pronoun’s form. In the present study, we assess whether the second of these processes occurs as a by-product of the first process—namely, does accessing the message-level representation of the referent provide access to the features required to determine pronoun form, meaning that pronouns should be robust to errors, or are pronoun features determined through an agreement operation with the antecedent, in which case they may be susceptible to agreement attraction, similar to subject–verb agreement. Prior lab experiments suggest that pronouns display number attraction at a similar rate to verbs. However, in contrast to verb attraction errors, there is no documentation of systematic pronoun attraction errors in corpora of natural speech. Our study builds upon prior lab work by eliciting pronoun sentences using a scene description paradigm that engages the pronominalization processes involved in natural speech. Across three experiments, we observed small but reliable number attraction effects for pronouns, suggesting that pronoun form is not always determined from the message-level representation of the referent. The elicited error rates were smaller than those previously observed for verbs in a similar scene-description paradigm; this smaller error rate helps to reconcile the apparent discrepancy between pronoun number attraction error rates observed in and outside the lab. The results suggest that pronoun form is determined (at least at times) through an agreement process referencing the features of the linguistic antecedent.
When New Experience Leads to New Knowledge: A Computational Framework for Formalizing Epistemically Transformative Experiences
Authors: Ongchoco Joan Danielle K. , Davis Isaac M. , Jara-Ettinger Julian , Paul L. A.
Published: November 2024

The discovery of a new kind of experience can teach an agent what that kind of experience is like. Such a discovery can be epistemically transformative, teaching an agent something they could not have learned without having that kind of experience. However, learning something new does not always require new experience. In some cases, an agent can merely expand their existing knowledge using, e.g., inference or imagination that draws on prior knowledge. We present a computational framework, grounded in the language of partially observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), to formalize this distinction. We propose that epistemically transformative experiences leave a measurable “signature” distinguishing them from experiences that are not epistemically transformative. For epistemically transformative experiences, learning in a new environment may be comparable to “learning from scratch” (since prior knowledge has become obsolete). In contrast, for experiences that are not transformative, learning in a new environment can be facilitated by prior knowledge of that same kind (since new knowledge can be built upon the old). We demonstrate this in a synthetic experiment inspired by Edwin Abbott’s Flatland, where an agent learns to navigate a 2D world and is subsequently transferred either to a 3D world (epistemically transformative change) or to an expanded 2D world (epistemically non-transformative change). Beyond the contribution to understanding epistemic change, our work shows how tools in computational cognitive science can formalize and evaluate philosophical intuitions in new ways.
Pollen morphology of Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae) in Türkiye
Authors: TOKUŞOĞLU KADER VARLIK , ARMAĞAN METİN , BÜLBÜL ALİ SAVAŞ
Published: November 2024

The palynological characters of 17 taxa belonging to genus Eremogone Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae) from Türkiye were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Eremogone pollen in Türkiye is found to have an average size of 31.31 μm (26.62‒36.65 μm), pore sizes ranging from 6.52 to 9.24 μm, inter-pore distances ranging from 9.07 to 12.57 μm, pore numbers varying from 5 to 14 and 5‒30 nanoechini distributed in an area of 10 × 10 µm. The ornamentation was identified as nanoperforate, nanoechinate, or nanofaveolate surface elements in various combinations. Clustering analysis and Principal Component Analyses do not show clear groups, although more similar taxa were brought together through the analysis of pollen micromorphological data rather, the nanoechinate base width, nanoechinate length, and pore diameter length are the most valuable variables for separating the examined taxa.
Not everything that is green is Gonolobus uniflorus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): a new species for Mexico
Authors: ISLAS-HERNÁNDEZ CARLA SOFÍA , QUINTOS-BAEZ DANIELA
Published: November 2024

A new species of Gonolobus restricted to the Mexican states Jalisco and Michoacán and that has usually been confused with G. uniflorus is described. Gonolobus leotzinii is characterized by having sepals 3.48–5.08 mm long, corolla 1.5–1.75 cm in diameter with a whitish green callus on the margin of the lobes, and a gynostegial corona with five cucculate lobes. The new species is generally confused with Gonolobus uniflorus, which is why it has gone unnoticed in herbaria. This work presents a detailed description, data on the species’ habitat, phenology, and conservation status. A distribution map of the new species and an identification key for the Gonolobus species distributed in Jalisco and Michoacán is included.
Chalaropsis pruni sp. nov. (Ceratocystidaceae), a new species from Prunus serrulata var. pubescens in South Korea
Authors: CHO SUNG-EUN , SEO SANG-TAE , NAM YOUNGWOO , WINGFIELD MICHAEL J. , LEE DONG-HYEON
Published: November 2024

A routine survey in a natural forest located in the Gangwon Province of Korea was undertaken in 2022 to establish an inventory of potentially pathogenic fungi that might affect tree health in the country. An ophiostomatoid fungus was consistently isolated from naturally occurring wounds on Prunus serrulata var. pubescens. Isolates were subjected to morphological and DNA sequence comparisons. The results showed that the fungus resided in a distinct taxonomic lineage, and the novel species is described here as Chalaropsis pruni sp. nov.
Rohdea maoershanensis, a new species of Asparagaceae from Guangxi, South China
Authors: LI JIAN-LING , HUANG YAO-HENG , TANG ZHONG-XIANG , HE QIU-LAN , WANG SHAO-NENG , QIN BO , LIANG SHENG-HUA , JIANG RI-HONG
Published: November 2024

A new species, Rohdea maoershanensis, endemic to the Mao’er Mountain National Nature Reserve in northern Guangxi, is described herein. It is morphologically similar to R. chinensis, R. jinshanensis, and R. chlorantha, but it is easy to distinguish from the latter three because of leaves 9–13, linear, length of peduncle about 22 cm, length of bract about 3 mm, triangular lanceolate, filament base enlarged and connected to form a rough annular appendage, ovary is flattened spherical shape. Following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1) [C2(a)(ii)], the species is preliminarily classified as Endangered (EN).
Chalcidid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) of Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) on coconut palm in southern India
Authors: BINOY C. , NIVETHA S. , ARULPRAKASH R.
Published: November 2024

Eleven chalcidid pupal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) of the black headed caterpillar (BHC), Opisina arenosella Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) were reared from the South Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Antrocephalus lugubris (Masi, 1932), Haltichella macrocera (Waterston, 1922) and Kriechbaumerella destructor (Waterston, 1922) are newly reported as parasitoids of BHC pupae. Also reported are A. hakonensis (Ashmead, 1904), A. phaeospilus Waterston, 1922, Brachymeria atteviae Joseph Narendran & Joy, 1972, B. megaspila (Cameron, 1907), B. nephantidis Gahan, 1930, B. nosatoi Habu, 1966, B. podagrica (Fabricius, 1787), and Psilochalcis carinigena (Cameron, 1907). Diagnoses, illustrations and new distributional data given for the 11 species and they are keyed together with six other chalcidid species known to be parasitoids of O. arenosella.
Rediscovery of Microbrachida Bierig, 1939, description of a new species from the Brazilian Amazon and its potential for biological control (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: CARON EDILSON , SOUZA MARIA GERALDA DE , PAMBLONA ANA MARIA SANTA ROSA
Published: November 2024

The genus Microbrachida was described by Alexander Bierig based on one tiny rove beetle. Since then, it has not been studied. Recently, a set of small rove beetle specimens were collected in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, where they occur foraging mushrooms that grow on logs of cultivated trees. These mushrooms cause an infection known as witches' broom disease on those plants. Here, we redescribe Microbrachida and describe a new species in it. We also provide images of the diagnostic characteristics of the genus (including scanning electron micrographs), a key to the New World genera of Gyrophaenina, a key to the species of Microbrachida and a preliminary discussion about the potential biological control of the new species.
On Perry O. Simons’ 1899 collecting locality “Porvenir” in Ecuador
Authors: CISNEROS-HEREDIA DIEGO F. , SHERWOOD DANNIELLA
Published: November 2024

The locality of Porvenir, sensu the collecting locality of Perry O. Simons (1869–1901), is geolocated, and approximate coordinates are provided, along with a map showing a number of other important nearby sites also visited by Simons and referenced in the historical zoological literature. Discussion on the incongruent coordinates for this locality mentioned in a number of previous works is provided.
Survivor Health Connection Project: Understanding Experiences of Accessing Health Care Among Those Affected by Intimate Partner Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hendrix Ellen , Segebrecht Jane , Thomas Kris , Branch Tracy , Dawson Shawndell
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has short- and long-term health effects, including physical injuries and traumatic brain injury, as well as sexual, reproductive, and mental health issues. However, accessing necessary health care is often challenging for IPV survivors and became even more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined access to health care among those affected by IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic to better connect survivors to health and social support services.

Methods:

The Health Resources and Services Administration’s Office of Women’s Health partnered with its Bureau of Primary Health Care, the Administration for Children and Families’ Office of Family Violence Prevention and Services, and the National Domestic Violence Hotline (Hotline) on the 2-year Survivor Health Connection Project. The Hotline administered 2 surveys to its contacts: a 2-question postinteraction survey from March 29, 2021, through September 30, 2022, and a longer focused survey in 2021 and 2022 that measured barriers and restrictions to accessing health care, telehealth safety, and interactions with health care providers.

Results:

Of 9918 respondents to the postinteraction survey, 6173 (62.2%) reported current health needs related to their abusive experience. Nearly half of 242 respondents to the 2021 survey (n = 106, 43.8%) indicated that the frequency or intensity of abuse increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 157 of 338 respondents to the 2022 survey (46.4%) reported that their partner had controlled and/or restricted their access to health care. Participants described barriers to accessing health care, including finances, health insurance coverage, and transportation.

Conclusions:

Findings illuminate opportunities to further support the health and social needs of those experiencing IPV, including continued coordination of efforts across health care and social service delivery partners.
Corporate Power vs. Popular Power in the Politics of Food in Venezuela
Authors: Felicien Ana , Schiavoni Christina M. , Romero Liccia
Published: November 2024

This article is an inquiry into the politics of food in Venezuela, addressing the question: What do food politics tell us about broader forms, organizations, and relations of power in Venezuela today? By digging into the past, it sheds light on the challenges and opportunities at present, examining: a) The ways in which food, through its material and symbolic power, has served as a vehicle for processes of social differentiation along lines of race, class, and gender – processes which continue to evolve into the present; b) The interplay of global and national food politics and the ways in which these connect to and play out at the level of everyday life; and c) How the contours of the Venezuelan food system have been shaped by the pushes and pulls of state, society, and capital over time, in a delicate balance of forces characterized by both deep tensions and deep ties.
Mentoring in the context of music teacher education: A systematic review
Authors: Hernández-Micó María José , Domínguez-Lloria Sara
Published: November 2024

The preparation of music teachers represents a key factor within the educational framework. In a world in constant evolution, the need to integrate new training proposals that cater to different environments is of vital importance to strengthen music education. The aim of this study is to analyze the use of mentoring in the context of music teaching through a systematic review using PRISMA. Among the results, the main areas addressed by mentoring are observed, being centered around professional development and the accompaniment of both students and teachers who are new to teaching. The profile of the participants in the mentoring relationship (mentor-mentee) is detailed in the systematic review, being the formal models of mentoring, linked to an institution, the most widespread throughout the article. Among the main conclusions, the prominence of the USA in the research and development of mentoring programs is noted and the positive impact of mentoring in both formal and informal contexts is highlighted, emphasizing individualized and group mentoring for professional and personal development in higher education.