bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KULARNAVA TANTRA. CAMINO DE CIRCULACIÓN DEL SIGNIFICADO
Authors: Valdez Beatriz
Published: August 2018

Realizo una lectura no lineal del Kularnava Tantra para lo cual he transformado el texto previamente en grafo textual usando R, y luego lo he visualizado y analizado con Gephi, tomando como referencia indicadores provenientes de la teoría de grafos, tal como se emplea en el análisis empírico de redes sociales. Este procedimiento me  ha permitido recuperar el patrón argumentativo central del Kularnava, su agenda central, que vertebra las diferentes comunidades temáticas del grafo, creando el camino por el cual circula el significado del texto. Esta agenda principal, señala que  el gurú es la llave para, a través del conocimiento y del deseo de Shakti, facilitar al hombre el descubrimiento de su deidad interior.AbstractI have read through the Kularnava Tantra in a non-linear fashion using a text network approach. I previously extracted the graph from the text with R, and I then visualized and analyzed it with Gephi. The analysis was based on the metrics developed by graphs theory and applied following the same procedure as for analyzing empirical social networks. I identified the pathway for meaning circulation within the Kularnava, its main agenda, which stated that the guru is crucial to facilitate the discovery of our inner self. For this purpose, he uses knowledge tools as well as the desire for Shakti.
ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DE LA EXPLICACIÓN DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN MORAL EN EL BUDISMO NEURAL
Authors: Dickson Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2018

A medida que las argumentaciones no teístas se tornan cada vez más sofisticadas y complejas, se hace más difícil realizar una crítica sin antes admirar lo habilidoso de su diseño y casi maestría. Una de esas argumentaciones es una innovación relativamente reciente que es el hijo del naturalismo y la filosofía oriental: el budismo neural. Como dos diseñadores mundialmente famosos que trabajan juntos en una prenda nueva, el naturalismo y el budismo se unieron en este programa distintivo para ofrecer algo inventivo, especialmente en la explicación de la transformación moral. Por el contrario, este análisis va a develar al final que la explicación de la transformación moral del budismo neural es incapaz de ofrecer buenas respuestas a varias críticas convincentes.AbstractAs non-theistic arguments for morality become increasingly sophisticated and complex, they are harder to criticize without first admiring their skillful design and near-artistry. One such argument involves a relatively new innovation that is the child of naturalism and eastern philosophy—Neural Buddhism. Like two world- renowned designers collaborating on a new garment, Naturalism and Buddhism have come together in this distinct program to offer something inventive, especially in its explanation of moral transformation. However, this critical analysis will ultimately reveal that Neural Buddhism’s explanation of moral transformation is incapable of providing good answers to several compelling criticisms.
Bacterial Adhesion on Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Surface Exposed to Different Hydrofluoric Solutions
Authors: Santos Daniela Micheline dos , Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas da , Matos Adaias Oliveira , Monteiro Beatriz Cristiane Zuin , Medeiros Rodrigo Antonio de , Bitencourt Sandro Basso , Barão Valentim Adelino Ricardo , Rangel Elidiane Cipriano , Goiato Marcelo Coelho
Published: August 2018

The effect of Fluorine solutions on the surface and bacterial adhesion of lithium disilicate is a concern. The aim was to evaluate the surface roughness and the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis on lithium disilicate ceramic, under the influence of different solutions containing Fluorine. Forty lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press Impulse) discs (2.5 × 5 mm) was divided into 4 groups (n = 10): artificial saliva (Group AS), 0.2% sodium fluoride (Group NaF), 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (Group APF), and mouthwash (Group MW). Roughness analyses were performed before and after the immersion. The surface aspect was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis were evaluated after immersion in the solutions. The data obtained were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). The Group APF presented a bigger roughness (3.263), statistically different to the other solutions. The bacterial adhesion in the Group APF (5.85) presented statistical difference to the other solutions. The SEM micrographs showed a rougher surface in Group APF. The 1.23% APF gel promoted major surface roughness and bacterial adhesion and could be inadequate for the use of patients with lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. Clinical significance: The Fluorine solution can affect the lithium disilicate ceramics, generating a rough and non-esthetic surface. This altered surface could be susceptible to bacterial adhesion, being directly related with periodontal health, the longevity of the restoration and the success of the rehabilitation.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Sakima Vinicius Tatsuyuji , Barbugli Paula Aboud , Cerri Paulo Sérgio , Chorilli Marlus , Carmello Juliana Cabrini , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Mima Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira
Published: August 2018

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an alternative method for oral candidiasis (OC), while nanocarriers have been used to improve the water solubility of curcumin (CUR). The aim of this study is to encapsulate CUR in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and to evaluate its photodynamic effects on a murine model of OC. Anionic and cationic CUR-NP is synthesized using poly-lactic acid and dextran sulfate and then characterized. Female mice are immunosuppressed and inoculated with Candida albicans (Ca) to induce OC. aPDT is performed by applying CUR-NP or free CUR on the dorsum of the tongue, followed by blue light irradiation for five consecutive days. Nystatin is used as positive control. Afterward, Ca are recovered and cultivated. Animals are euthanized for histological, immunohistochemical, and DNA damage evaluation. Encapsulation in NP improves the water solubility of CUR. Nystatin shows the highest reduction of Ca, followed by aPDT mediated by free CUR, which results in immunolabelling of cytokeratins closer to those observed for healthy animals. Anionic CUR-NP does not show antifungal effect, and cationic CUR-NP reduces Ca even in the absence of light. DNA damage is associated with Ca infection. Consecutive aPDT application is a safe treatment for OC.
Structure-Immunogenicity Relationship of α- and β-Tetrasaccharide Glycoforms from Bacillus anthracis Exosporium and Fragments Thereof
Authors: De Ricco Riccardo , Ventura Christy L. , Carboni Filippo , Saksena Rina , Kováč Pavol , Adamo Roberto
Published: August 2018

The tetrasaccharide (2-O-methyl-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutamido)-4,6-dideoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-l-rhamnopyranose) from the major exosporium protein (BclA) of Bacillus anthracis has been proposed as a target for development of diagnostics and immune therapy or prophylaxis. While the immunodominant character of the anthrose residue has been previously elucidated, the role of the stereochemical configuration of the downstream rhamnose is unknown. Because the linkage of this residue to the GlcNAc bridging the glycan and the protein is lost during isolation of the tetrasaccharide, its α- and β-glycoforms have been synthesized. Herein, we prepared neoglycoconjugates from a series of fragments of the tetrasaccharide, including the complete α- and β-tetrasaccharide glycoforms, a 2-demethoxylated version of the α-tetrasaccharide, and the α- and β-trirhamnosides and CRM197. By immunization of mice, we showed that the anti α- and β-tetrasaccharide serum equally recognized both glycoforms. In contrast the sera produced following immunization with the α- and β-trirhamnoside fragments exhibited higher recognition for their own antigens than for their anomeric counterparts. The anti α- and β-tetrasaccharide sera recognized Sterne spores in a comparable fashion. ΔBclA spores not expressing the major exosporium protein were also recognized by the same sera, while mutants that produced the carbohydrate antigen with deletion of either rhamnose or anthrose were not. The tetrasaccharide could, therefore, be expressed in proteins other than BlcA. This work proves that α- and β-tetrasaccharide are equally potent immunogens.
Model Validation of a Porous Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Using Vibration Test Data
Authors: Martínez-Ayuso Germán , Haddad Khodaparast Hamed , Zhang Yan , Bowen Christopher R. , Friswell Michael I. , Shaw Alexander D. , Madinei Hadi
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a finite element model is coupled to an homogenisation theory in order to predict the energy harvesting capabilities of a porous piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester consists of a porous piezoelectric patch bonded to the root of a cantilever beam. The material properties of the porous piezoelectric material are estimated by the Mori–Tanaka homogenisation method, which is an analytical method that provides the material properties as a function of the porosity of the piezoelectric composite. These material properties are then used in a finite element model of the harvester that predicts the deformation and voltage output for a given base excitation of the cantilever beam, onto which the piezoelectric element is bonded. Experiments are performed to validate the numerical model, based on the fabrication and testing of several demonstrators composed of porous piezoelectric patches with different percentages of porosity bonded to an aluminium cantilever beam. The electrical load is simulated using a resistor and the voltage across the resistor is measured to estimate the energy generated. The beam is excited in a range of frequencies close to the first and second modes using base excitation. The effects of the porosity and the assumptions made for homogenisation are discussed.
Probing the Innermost Accretion Flow Geometry of Sgr A* with Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Pu Hung-Yi , Broderick Avery E.
Published: August 2018

Upcoming Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations will provide a unique opportunity to reveal the innermost region of the radiative inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) around the Galactic black hole, Sgr A*. Depending on the flow dynamics and accumulated magnetic flux, the innermost region of an RIAF could have a quasi-spherical or disk-like geometry. Here we present a phenomenological model to investigate the characteristics of the black hole shadow images with different flow geometries, together with the effect of black hole spin and flow dynamics. The resulting image consists in general of two major components: a crescent, which may surround the funnel region of the black hole or the black hole itself, and a photon ring, which may be partially luminous and overlapped with the crescent component. Compared to a quasi-spherical flow case, a disk-like flow in the vicinity of a black hole exhibits the following image features: (i) due to less material near the funnel region, the crescent structure has a smaller size, and (ii) due to the combination of emission from the flow beside and behind the black hole, the crescent structure has a more irregular shape, and a less smooth brightness distribution. How these features can result in different observables for EHT observations is discussed.
Effect of Template Uncertainties on the WMAP and Planck Measures of the Optical Depth Due to Reionization
Authors: Weiland J. L. , Osumi K. , Addison G. E. , Bennett C. L. , Watts D. J. , Halpern M. , Hinshaw G.
Published: August 2018

The reionization optical depth is the most poorly determined of the six ΛCDM parameters fit to CMB anisotropy data. Instrumental noise and systematics have prevented uncertainties from reaching their cosmic variance limit. At present, the data sets providing the most statistical constraining power are the WMAP, Planck LFI, and Planck HFI full-sky polarization maps. As the reprocessed HFI data with reduced systematics are not yet publicly unavailable, we examine determinations of τ using 9 year WMAP and 2015 Planck LFI data, with an emphasis on characterizing potential systematic bias resulting from foreground template and masking choices. We find evidence for a low-level systematic in the LFI polarization data with a roughly common-mode morphology across the LFI frequencies and a spectrum consistent with leakage of intensity signal into the polarization channels. We demonstrate significant bias in the optical depth derived when using the LFI 30 GHz map as a template to clean synchrotron from WMAP data, and recommend against the use of the 2015 LFI 30 GHz polarization data as a foreground template for non-LFI data sets. We find an inconsistency between versions of the 2015 polarized 353 GHz dust templates reconstructed from the Planck likelihood and those from delivered maps, which can affect τ at the 1σ level. The spread in τ values over the ensemble of data combinations we study suggests that systematic uncertainties still contribute significantly to the current uncertainty in τ, but all values are consistent with the range of τ = 0.07 ± 0.02.
Enhanced Neutrino Emissivities in Pseudoscalar-mediated Dark Matter Annihilation in Neutron Stars
Authors: Cermeño M. , Pérez-García M. A. , Lineros R. A.
Published: August 2018

We calculate neutrino emissivities from self-annihilating dark matter (DM) (χ) in the dense and hot stellar interior of a (proto)neutron star. Using a model where DM interacts with nucleons in the stellar core through a pseudoscalar boson (a) we find that the neutrino production rates from the dominant reaction channels

or

, with subsequent decay of the mediator

, could locally match and even surpass those of the standard neutrinos from the modified nuclear URCA processes at early ages. We find that the emitting region can be localized in a tiny fraction of the star (less than a few percent of the core volume) and the process can last its entire lifetime for some cases under study. We discuss the possible consequences of our results for stellar cooling in light of existing DM constraints.
ALMA [C i]3P1–3P0 Observations of NGC 6240: A Puzzling Molecular Outflow, and the Role of Outflows in the Global αCO Factor of (U)LIRGs
Authors: Cicone Claudia , Severgnini Paola , Papadopoulos Padelis P. , Maiolino Roberto , Feruglio Chiara , Treister Ezequiel , Privon George C. , Zhang Zhi-yu , Ceca Roberto Della , Fiore Fabrizio , Schawinski Kevin , Wagg Jeff
Published: August 2018

We present Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) and compact array (ACA) [C i]

([C i](1–0)) observations of NGC 6240, which we combine with ALMA CO(2–1) and IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer CO(1–0) data to study the physical properties of the massive molecular (H2) outflow. We discover that the receding and approaching sides of the H2 outflow, aligned east–west, exceed 10 kpc in their total extent. High resolution (

) [C i](1–0) line images surprisingly reveal that the outflow emission peaks between the two active galactic nuclei (AGNs), rather than on either of the two, and that it dominates the velocity field in this nuclear region. We combine the [C i](1–0) and CO(1–0) data to constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (

) in the outflow, which is on average

. We estimate that 60 ± 20% of the total H2 gas reservoir of NGC 6240 is entrained in the outflow, for a resulting mass-loss rate of

SFR. These energetics rule out a solely star formation-driven wind, but the puzzling morphology challenges a classic radiative-mode AGN feedback scenario. For the quiescent gas, we compute

, which is at least twice the value commonly employed for (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). We observe a tentative trend of increasing

ratios with velocity dispersion and measure r
21 > 1 in the outflow, whereas r
21 ≃ 1 in the quiescent gas. We propose that molecular outflows are the location of the warmer, strongly unbound phase that partially reduces the opacity of the CO lines in (U)LIRGs, hence driving down their global

 and increasing their r
21 values.
Period Analysis of Seven Field ab-type RR Lyrae Stars Based on O − C Diagrams: Cyclic Variations and Long-term Period Changes
Authors: Li L.-J. , Qian S.-B. , Zhu L.-Y.
Published: August 2018

Using the times of light maximum collected from the GEOS RR Lyrae database and determined from sky surveys, we utilize the O − C method to study the period variations of seven field ab-type RR Lyrae stars. The time coverage of data for most stars is more than 100 years, allowing us to investigate period changes over a large time span. We find that the O − C diagrams for most stars can be described by a combination of cyclic variations and long-term period changes. Assuming the former were caused by the light-travel-time effect, the pulsation and orbital parameters are obtained by the nonlinear fitting. We find that the orbital periods in our sample range from 33 to 78 years, and the eccentricities are relatively higher than the results for other candidates (e > 0.6). The minimal masses of the potential companions of XX And, BK Dra, and RY Psc are less than one solar mass, and those of SV Eri, AR Her, and RU Scl are 3.3, 2.1, and 3.4 M
⊙, respectively. Moreover, we suggest that the companion of AR Her may be a blue straggler that experienced mass transfer or a merger of two stars. The O − C diagram for ST Vir also shows distinct long-term period decrease, and in the O − C residuals, additional quasi-periodic variations that can be described by damped oscillation are found. Combining the data from the literature and our analysis, we plot the log P–A

O−C
diagram. The distribution of our binary candidates suggests that their period variations are not caused by the Blazhko effect.
No Strong Geometric Beaming in the Ultraluminous Neutron Star Binary NGC 300 ULX-1 (SN 2010da) from Swift and Gemini
Authors: Binder B. , Levesque E. M. , Dorn-Wallenstein T.
Published: August 2018

We have obtained near-simultaneous Swift/XRT imaging and Gemini GMOS spectroscopy for the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 300 ULX-1 (formerly designated SN 2010da). The observed X-ray emission is consistent with an inhomogeneous wind that partially obscures a central, bright inner accretion disk. We simultaneously fit eleven 0.3–10 keV spectra obtained over a ∼1 year time period (2016 April to 2017 July) using the same partial covering model and find that although the covering fraction varies significantly (from 78% to consistent with 0%), the unabsorbed luminosity remains essentially constant across all observations ((2–6) × 1039 erg s−1). A relatively high 0.3–10 keV fractional variability amplitude (F
var) of ∼30% is observed in all 11 observations. Optical spectra from Gemini exhibit numerous emission lines (e.g., Hα, Hβ, He ii
λ4686), which suggest that the neutron star primary is photoionizing material in the immediate vicinity of the binary. We compare the He ii
λ4686 line luminosity (∼(7–9) × 1035 erg s−1) to the contemporaneous soft X-ray emission and find the X-ray emission is broadly consistent with the observed He ii line luminosity. The combination of our X-ray observations and optical spectroscopy suggest that geometric beaming effects in the ULX-1 system are minimal, making ULX-1 one of only a few bona fide ULXs to be powered by accretion onto a neutron star.
A Diagnostic of Coronal Elemental Behavior during the Inverse FIP Effect in Solar Flares
Authors: Brooks David H.
Published: August 2018

The solar corona shows a distinctive pattern of elemental abundances that is different from that of the photosphere. Low first ionization potential (FIP) elements are enhanced by factors of several. A similar effect is seen in the atmospheres of some solar-like stars, while late-type M stars show an inverse FIP effect. This inverse effect was recently detected on the Sun during solar flares, potentially allowing a very detailed look at the spatial and temporal behavior that is not possible from stellar observations. A key question for interpreting these measurements is whether both effects act solely on low-FIP elements (a true inverse effect predicted by some models), or whether the inverse FIP effect arises because high-FIP elements are enhanced. Here we develop a new diagnostic that can discriminate between the two scenarios, based on modeling of the radiated power loss, and apply the models to a numerical hydrodynamic simulation of coronal loop cooling. We show that when low-/high-FIP elements are depleted/enhanced, there is a significant difference in the cooling lifetime of loops that is greatest at lower temperatures. We apply this diagnostic to a post X1.8 flare loop arcade and inverse FIP region, and show that for this event, low-FIP elements are depleted. We discuss the results in the context of stellar observations, and models of the FIP and inverse FIP effect. We also provide the radiated power-loss functions for the two inverse FIP effect scenarios in machine readable form to facilitate further modeling.
Effect of Combination Therapy of Ceftazidime/Amikacin and Monotherapy with Imipenem on the Treatment of Fever and Neutropenia in Patients with Cancers
Authors: Anoshirvani Ali Arash , Zarinfar Nader , Rafiee Mohammad , Zamani Zahra
Published: August 2018

AIM: This study aimed to compare the effect of Imipenem monotherapy and combination therapy with Ceftazidime/Amikacin in febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind randomised trial, 122 adult patients with cancer, neutropenia and fever who were treated by chemotherapy were gathered by simple sampling method and were divided randomly to two equal Imipenem (IP) and Ceftazidime/Amikacin (CA) groups. 500 mg of Imipenem was administered every 6 hours IP group and 2 g of Ceftazidimeplus 15 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses of Amikacin was administered in the CA group. The treatment was continued for 72 hours in both groups. Data were analysed with SPSS19.RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the mean temperatures of three days in each group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding microbial response to antibiotics. There was no significant difference between 19 patients of IP and 13 patients of CA groups regarding bacteriologically documented infection (P = 0.3).CONCLUSION: Unmodified therapy by Imipenem is as effective as combinational therapy by Ceftazidime/Amikacin in clinically and bacteriologically documented infection.
Effect of Ceftriaxone versus Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Rhino Sinusitis: Short Course Therapy
Authors: Al-Saadi Malath Azeez , Sultan Safaa Sahib Naji
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is one of upper respiratory tract infection that disturbs patient life and requires special consideration.AIM: To evaluate the efficiency of Ceftriaxone versus a high dose of Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational retrospective study include120 patients of both sex classified into two groups equally conducted. G1 treated with Ceftriaxone 1 g intramuscular injection once daily while, G2 treated with oral Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (875 mg/125 mg) twice daily for 3-4 days then, the outcome of treatment evaluated as a cure or failed at the fifth or fourth day of treatment.RESULTS: Significant cure response observed in Ceftriaxone treated patient's P ≤ 0.05 and significant failure response observed in Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid-treated patients when groups compared with each other. About gender and age groups, no significant differences in number between group 1 and 2 P ≥ 0.05.CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone found more effective in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis than Amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid associated with more male failure cases recorded than female.
Hybrid Magnetorheological Elastomer, the Future of Gait Detection
Authors: Adiputra Dimas , Shabdin Muhammad Kashfi , Aziz Siti Aishah Abdul , Bahiuddin Irfan , Abdul Rahman Mohd Azizi , Mazlan Saiful Amri
Published: August 2018

This article aims to present a brief review on sensors used for gait detection in Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) application. Both the advantages and disadvantages of sensors such as EMG sensor, rotary encoder, foot switches, and force plate are highlighted in this article. Authors also addressed the four characteristics of sensors for gait detection; uniformity, installation, flexibility, and multi-measurement. In addition, the sensors were then compared based on the characteristics. The foot switch was identified as the most compatible sensor for gait detection. However, the sensor was also discovered to contain problems in its durability and uneven grounding. Consequently, the authors propose an introduction to a new material, hybrid Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE). Coincidentally, the mentioned material possesses attributes of thin dimensions with adjustable stiffness. The thin dimension allows the hybrid MRE to be placed under the AFO sole. Furthermore, with an accurate degree of stiffness, the hybrid MRE allows for adjustment leading to a higher level of durability of the sensors which remains fine even if stomped on the user. In conclusion, the authors propose a further study on hybrid MRE AFO for the next study.
Processing and Characterization of Amorphous Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gaewdang Thitinai , Wongcharoen Ngamnit
Published: August 2018

In this paper, copper oxide (CuOx) thin films with amorphous phase were prepared on glass substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. The influence of the flow rate of O2 on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the as-deposited films was systematically studied. XRD revealed that the as-deposited films remained amorphous in the whole range of adjusted oxygen flow rate. Surface morphology and nanoparticle size of the films were observed by AFM. Electrical resistivity and Hall effect measurements were performed on the films with van der Pauw configuration. The positive sign of the Hall coefficient confirmed the p-type conductivity in all studied films. From temperature-dependent electrical conductivity of the films prepared at R(O2) of 1.5 sccm, it was show that three types of behavior can be expected, nearest-neighbor hopping at high temperature range (200-300 K), the Mott variable range hopping at low temperature (110-190 K) and Efros-Shklovskii variable range hopping at very low temperature (65-100 K). Some important parameters corresponding to Mott-VRH and ES-VRH like density of localized states near the Fermi level, localization length, degree of disorder, hopping distance and hopping energy were determined. These parameters would be helpful for optimizing the performance of photovoltaic applications.
Feasibility Study of Selecting Soft Components of Body Armor
Authors: Yaiphuak Thawatchai , Wanchat Sujin , Chantarapanich Nattapon
Published: August 2018

A body armor is vital for users in combat filed. Normally, the body armor have two components: soft and hard ones. This paper proposes feasibility assessment technique to evaluate contemporary materials: Kevlar, natural spider silk, and human hair, for making soft component of the body armor. There are four criteria: technical, economic, legal, and operational feasibilities to generate the feasibility assessment matrix. The optimal material in question is human hair which has highest rank at 82%.
One-Pot Synthesis of LiFePO4 Nano-Particles Dispersed in N-Containing Melamine-Formaldehyde Carbon Matrix as the Cathode Materials for Large Scale Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Roddecha Supacharee , Jittmonkong Kantawich , Sriariyana Malinee
Published: August 2018

LiFePO4 is considered as the promising cathode material for a large-scale Li batteries used in electrical vehicles (EVs). However, a practical use of LiFePO4 cathode is limited by its low ionic conductivity, resulting in low battery’s power performance. This work, a facile and practical method to promote ionic conductivity and capacity of LiFePO4 was developed by dispersing LiFePO4 nanoparticles into a porous nitrogen-riched carbon matrix by employing one-pot synthesis approach. The N-containing carbon porous matrix was prepared by utilizing melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin as the N-containing carbon precursor and Pluronic F127 as the porous template. The pseudo capacitive effect attributed from lone-pair electrons into melamine functional group was expected to support Li ion transport. After carbonization at 600 °C, uniform LiFePO4 nanocomposite clusters with an average size of about 50-300 nm were obtained. The influence of the molar ratio between pluronic F127 and melamine-formaldehyde (i.e. F127:MF molar ratio as 0:1, 0.03:1, 0.3:1) on the LiFePO4 nanocomposite’s morphology and crystalline structure was investigated by using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction technique. The results show that increasing F127 concentrations support more porous structure formation, leading to a higher surface area but does not affect the LiFePO4 nanocrystalline structure. According to the highest surface area, the N-doped carbon coated LiFePO4 composite product obtained from the molar ratio of F127:MF as 0.3:1 exhibited highest discharging specific capacity of 158.1 mAh g-1, at a rate of 0.1 C and also shows high cycle stability.
A Study on Grain Size, Mechanical Properties and First Mode of Metal Transfer in Underwater Friction Stir Welded AA5052-O
Authors: Babu K. Tejonadha , Muthukumaran S. , Kumar C. Bharat
Published: August 2018

Friction stir welding (FSW), a new joining process is finding extensive use in the welding of aluminum alloy sheets. The metal transfer modes in the FSW cause the quality of the weld and its properties. The first mode of metal transfer is accomplished by the tool and shoulder, while the second mode occurs around the pin. In the present study, two different welding conditions, which were friction stir welding in the air (CFSW) and underwater friction stir welding (UWFSW) carried out at various welding parameters to weld the AA5052-O aluminum alloy sheets and determine the consequence of the first mode on the tensile strength of welded joints. Considerable grain refinement and enhanced mechanical properties were obtained in UWFSW joints. It Is observed that the first mode affect the tensile strength of the joint, also found that a linear correlation between the first mode and the tensile strength.
Precision Control of Kerf in Metal Cutting Using Dry Micro WEDM: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Ali Mohammad Yeakub , Banu Asfana , Rahman Mohamed Abdul , Al Hazza Muataz Hazza Faizi , Adesta Erry Yulian Triblas
Published: August 2018

Micro dry wire EDM is a process where gas is used as the dielectric fluid instead of a liquid. In this process certain modifications of a wire EDM are needed during the machining operation to achieve stable machining. Optimizing kerf to get high dimensional accuracy is one of the critical issues in micro dry wire EDM. The fundamental modelling for optimum kerf using micro dry wire EDM has not been formulated yet. Due to the complex phenomenon, the prediction of optimum kerf in a micro dry wire EDM process is rather difficult. Hence, the main objectives of this research are to improve the micro dry wire EDM process and to develop mathematical models for optimum kerf using micro dry wire EDM. During the process improvement of micro dry wire EDM, various machining setup will be involve in order to achieve the most stable process. The most stable machining process will be used to prove the developed mathematical models. A mathematical relationship between kerf and process parameters is anticipated. The mathematical models in conjunction with experimental data will eventually produce the desired theory. The developed process and mathematical model of kerf is a breakthrough in fabricating products such as micro tools, molds etc. with optimum kerf and high dimensional accuracy. The successful completion of this research will contribute to the environmental friendly micromachining process.
Evaluation of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation and relationship with agronomic traits in selected spring wheat cultivars in northwestern Montana, United States of America
Authors: Echegaray Erik R. , Barbour Christopher R. , Talbert Luther , Stougaard Robert N.
Published: August 2018

The wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a serious pest of spring wheat in North America. Currently, most commercial cultivars in the state of Montana, United States of America are susceptible. A study was conducted to assess the variability of adapted spring wheat cultivars to wheat midge infestations. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between wheat midge infestation levels and spring wheat agronomic traits, including yield, test weight, grain protein, plant height, and heading date. This relationship was determined by evaluating 16 hard red spring wheat cultivars over a six-year period at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, near Kalispell, Montana. Levels of infestation had a negative impact on grain yield and test weight. Overall, the average infestation level was 40 larvae/spike with the lowest being observed with “Reeder” and the highest for “Thatcher”. Concurrently, “Reeder” had the highest yield, whereas “Thatcher” had the lowest yield and the highest grain protein, demonstrating that wheat midge infestations were positively associated with grain protein. Heading date had a positive association with midge density with higher infestations associated with later maturing cultivars. The economic injury level was estimated at 12 and 20 midge larvae/spike for a market price of USD $0.27 and USD $0.16/kg, respectively.
Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in Himalayas: insight from ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: An Yanqing , Xu Jianzhong , Feng Lin , Zhang Xinhua , Liu Yanmei , Kang Shichang
Published: August 2018

Abstract. An increasing trend in aerosol concentration has been observed in Himalayas in recent years, but the understanding of the chemical composition and sources of aerosol remains poor. In this study, molecular chemical composition of water soluble organic matter (WSOM) from two filter samples (denoted as F30 and F43) collected during high aerosol loading periods at a high altitude station (Qomolangma Station, QOMS, 4276 m a.s.l.) in the northern Himalayas were identified by positive electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). More than 4500 molecular formulas were identified in each filter sample which were classified into two compound groups (CHO and CHON) based on their elemental composition with both accounting for nearly equal contributions in number (45 %–55 %). The relative abundance weighted mole ratio of O / Cw for F30 and F43 are 0.43 and 0.38, respectively, and the weighted double bond equivalent (DBEw), an index for the saturation of organic molecules, were 6.26 and 6.92, respectively, suggesting their medium oxidation and saturation degrees. Although the O / Cw mole ratio was comparable for CHO and CHON compounds, the DBEw was significant higher in CHON compounds than CHO compounds. More than 50 % molecular formulas in Van Krevelen (VK) diagram (H / C vs. O / C) located in 1–1.5 (H / C) and 0.2–0.6 (O / C) regions, suggesting potential lignin-like compounds. The distributions of CHO and CHON compounds in VK diagram, DBE vs. number of C atoms, and other diagnose diagrams showed highly similarities between each other suggesting their similar source and/or atmospheric processes. Detailed molecular information in the common formula of these two filters was explored. Many formulas with their homologous series of compounds formed from biogenic volatile organic compounds and biomass mass burning emitted compounds were found in the WSOM with high relative abundance suggesting the important contribution of these two sources in Himalayas. The high DBE and high nitrogen containing of aerosol would have important implication for aerosol light absorption and biogeochemical cycle in this remote region.
High Riverine CO2 Outgassing affected by Land Cover Types in the Yellow River Source Region
Authors: Tian Mingyang , Yang Xiankun , Ran Lishan , Su Yuanrong , Li Lingyu , Yu Ruihong , Hu Haizhu , Lu Xi Xi
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Rivers connect the land and the oceans, acting as both active pipes and containers transporting carbon and other substances from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems. Meanwhile, rivers can release huge amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, estimates of global riverine CO2 emissions remain greatly uncertain owing to the absence of a comprehensive spatially and temporally CO2 emissions measurement, especially in river source regions. In this study, riverine partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 efflux (FCO2) in the Yellow River source region under different landcover types, including glaciers, permafrost, wetlands, and grasslands, were investigated in April, June, August, and October 2016. The relevant chemical parameters and environmental parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), were analyzed to explore the main control factors of riverine pCO2 and FCO2. The results showed that the rivers in the Yellow River source region were a net CO2 source, with the pCO2 ranging from 181 to 2441 μatm and the FCO2 from −221 to 6892 g C m−2 yr−1. Both the pCO2 and FCO2 showed strong spatial and temporal variations. The average FCO2 in August was higher than that in other months, with the lowest in October. In alpine climates, low temperature conditions played a crucial role in limiting biological activity and reducing CO2 emissions. The lowest FCO2 values (−221 g C m−2 yr−1) were observed in the glacier and permafrost regions. By integrating seasonal changes of water surface area, the total CO2 efflux was estimated at 0.37 ± 0.49 Tg C yr−1, which is significantly higher than previous studies. Although it is still a small proportion of CO2 emissions compared with the whole Yellow River Basin, but there is a huge carbon emissions potential. Since the permafrost in the source region of the Yellow River is rich in large amounts of ice and organic carbon, the continuously increasing temperature due to global warming will accelerate not only the mobilization of organic carbon in permafrost, but also the degradation of organic carbon by soil microorganisms. As a consequence, huge amounts of CO2 release from soils and rivers is anticipated.
The export flux of particulate organic carbon derived from 210Po / 210Pb disequilibria along the North Atlantic GEOTRACES GA01 (GEOVIDE) transect
Authors: Tang Yi , Lemaitre Nolwenn , Castrillejo Maxi , Roca-Martí Montserrat , Masqué Pere , Stewart Gillian
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The disequilibrium between 210Po activity and 210Pb activity in seawater samples was determined along the GEOTRACES GA01 transect in the North Atlantic during the GEOVIDE cruise (May–June 2014). A steady-state model was used to quantify vertical export of particulate 210Po. The deficits of 210Po in the Iberian Basin and at the Greenland Shelf were strongly affected by vertical advection. Using the export flux of 210Po and the particulate organic carbon (POC) to 210Po ratio on total (> 1 µm) particles, we determined the POC export fluxes along the transect. Both the magnitude and efficiency of the estimated POC export flux from the surface ocean varied spatially within our study region. Export fluxes of POC ranged from negligible to 10 mmol C m−2 d−1, with enhanced POC export in the Labrador Sea. The cruise track was characterized by overall low POC export relative to net primary production (export efficiency
Understanding the mechanisms behind high glacial productivity in the southern Brazilian margin
Authors: Portilho-Ramos Rodrigo da C. , Pinho Tainã M. L. , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Barbosa Cátia F.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. This study explores the mechanisms behind the high glacial productivity in the southern Brazilian margin during the last 70 kyr. Therefore, we use planktonic foraminifera assemblage and subsurface temperatures derived through the Modern Analogue Technique. We show that enhanced glacial productivity was driven by the synergy of two mechanisms operating in different seasons: (i) a high productivity upwelling during short austral summer events; and (ii) the persistent presence of the Plata Plume Water due to prolonged austral winter conditions. We suggest that the upwelling systems in the southern Brazilian margin were more productive during the last glacial period due to the enhanced Si supply for diatom production through high-Si thermocline waters preformed in the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that orbital forcing did not have a major influence on changes in upwelling during the last glacial period. However, the more frequent northward intrusions of the Plata Plume Water were modulated by austral winter insolation at 65 °S through changes in the strength of alongshore SW-winds. After the Last Glacial Maximum, the reduced Si content of thermocline waters decreased upwelling productivity, while lower austral winter insolation decreased the influence of the Plata Plume Water over the southern Brazilian margin, reducing regional productivity.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Outreach to the Scholarly Community on the National Broadband Research Agenda: Overview of the Workshop
Authors: Jayakar Krishna
Published: August 2018

This essay is an introduction to the special issue of the Journal of Information Policy (JIP) on the workshop titled “Broadband Research in a Changing World” that met at the American University Washington College of Law, on September 10, 2017. It provides an overview of the multistage process that resulted in the September 10 workshop, introduces the two articles included in the special issue, and summarizes the views and opinions of workshop participants on the means of further stimulating and carrying forward a national dialog on broadband research.
A Comparative Analysis of Selected National and Regional Investment Initiatives That Seek to Achieve Broadband Expansion by Deploying NGA Networks
Authors: Beltrán Fernando , Van der Wee Marlies , Verbruggen Sofie
Published: August 2018

Expectations about higher economic growth and the ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth are driving the worldwide deployment of Next-Generation Access (NGA) networks. The paths followed to achieve this goal markedly vary, however, across different countries. This article offers a comparison of a handful of leading NGA deployments that rely on different investment models. We study the broadband national initiatives of New Zealand and Australia and a group of selected regional NGA deployments in Europe. While New Zealand's approach partially relies on a public–private partnership model of investment, Australia's National Broadband Network is a wholly government-funded initiative and the European local initiatives in Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands, and Portugal use a range of mixed models of investment. We use a common technology–policy–market framework that allows for a clear mapping of the incentives, goals, and actions of those involved in network deployment. Our main interest is the identification of the drivers for investment as well as the description of main risk factors in each case. By applying this framework to those selected deployment cases our work draws relevant conclusions about the impact of investment decisions on performance criteria such as coverage and uptake.
Pe. Cícero Romão Batista: por uma mística sertaneja do Cariri
Authors: Barboza de Souza Carlos Frederico
Published: August 2018

Este texto procura refletir sobre o que é a mística, buscando ampliar o foco da discussão de maneira a incluir neste âmbito expressões populares da fé, sem, ao mesmo tempo, alargar-lhe extremadamente as fronteiras. Assim, toma como referência a vida de Padre Cícero e tenta identificar nela aspectos que possam apontar para uma mística presente em sua história e vivências religiosas. Para isto, parte de uma discussão sobre o que é a mística. Em seguida, apresenta situações da vida do Padre Cícero que apontam para uma mística por ele vivida. Uma “mística de olhos abertos” e do “serviço” que se constrói em relação com os sertanejos de sua época, que habitavam a região do Cariri cearense. Sujeitos marcados por sua geografia, história, cultura e problemáticas; sujeitos que por meio de suas vidas e peregrinações, por suas pegadas deixadas nas terras por onde caminharam narram sua experiência silenciosa do Mistério Sagrado. Por fim, este artigo proporá, a partir da experiência inaugurada por Cícero Romão Batista, pautado em tradição que lhe é anterior, uma mística específica que é partilhada e vivida por inúmeros e anônimos romeiros em sua simplicidade, devoção e experiência de fé. Visa-se, assim, defender a ideia de que há uma experiência singular do Real que perpassa a experiência do Cariri cearense, apontando para a possibilidade de constituição de uma “mística sertaneja do Cariri”.
Four Weeks of Muscular Endurance Resistance Training Does Not Alter Fatigue Index
Authors: Farrell III John W. , Blackwood Daniel J. , D. Larson Rebecca
Published: August 2018

Background of Study: The implementation of a muscular endurance resistance training (MERT) program has been shown to be beneficial in augmenting the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). However, the effects of MERT on local muscular endurance has not been investigated. Objectives: The purposes of the current study were to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of MERT on local muscular endurance, and the relationship between OBLA and fatigue index (FI). Methods: Endurance trained males were randomly designated to either the experimental (EX) or control (CON) group: 9 EX and 8 CON. All participants continued current aerobic training. Baseline measures included OBLA, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for: leg press (LP), leg curl (LC), and leg extension (LE). FI of the quadriceps was assessed via a dynamometer and the Thorstesson protocol. In addition, the EX group performed supervised MERT training for four weeks. A two way ANOVA was used to assess group and time differences in performance measures. The relationship between OBLA and FI was assessed using Pearson’s Correlation. Results: No significant group differences were observed in all baseline measurements (p>0.05). There were no significant group or time differences for OBLA and FI (p>0.05). Pearson’s correlation revealed no significant relationship (p>0.05, r=<0.01) existed between FI and OBLA. Conclusions: It was observed that four weeks of MERT provided an insufficient stimulus to improve OBLA and FI, and no significant relationship existed between OBLA and FI. Athletes using MERT should include additional mesocycles for favorable adaptations to local muscular endurance and OBLA.