bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybridoma Screening by Antibody Capture: Flow Cytometry/FACS with Whole Cells to Detect Cell-Surface Binding
Authors: Greenfield Edward A.
Published: June 2022

If the antigen of interest is a cell-surface protein, flow cytometry or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) can be used to identify hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to these proteins. Two alternative protocols are presented here—staining in individual tubes and staining in 96-well plates.
Semiparametric tail-index estimation for randomly right-truncated heavy-tailed data
Authors: Mancer Saida , Necir Abdelhakim , Benchaira Souad
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a semiparametric estimator for the tail index of Pareto-type random truncated data that improves the existing ones in terms of mean square error. Moreover, we establish its consistency and asymptotic normality.

Design/methodology/approach

To construct a root mean squared error (RMSE)-reduced estimator of the tail index, the authors used the semiparametric estimator of the underlying distribution function given by Wang (1989). This allows us to define the corresponding tail process and provide a weak approximation to this one. By means of a functional representation of the given estimator of the tail index and by using this weak approximation, the authors establish the asymptotic normality of the aforementioned RMSE-reduced estimator.

Findings

In basis on a semiparametric estimator of the underlying distribution function, the authors proposed a new estimation method to the tail index of Pareto-type distributions for randomly right-truncated data. Compared with the existing ones, this estimator behaves well both in terms of bias and RMSE. A useful weak approximation of the corresponding tail empirical process allowed us to establish both the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator.

Originality/value

A new tail semiparametric (empirical) process for truncated data is introduced, a new estimator for the tail index of Pareto-type truncated data is introduced and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established.
Ownership concentration and its influence on transparency and disclosures of banks in India
Authors: Bhimavarapu Venkata Mrudula , Rastogi Shailesh , Kanoujiya Jagjeevan
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The disclosures in banks have become a matter of grave concern, especially post 2008 world financial crisis. The issue further gets exacerbated because disclosers in banks are part of the III pillar of BASEL-II floated in 1999, and despite that, banks face challenges in this regard. Ownership concentration (OC) is a point of discussion because it may affect banks’ corporate governance and transparency and disclosures (T&D) issues. This study aims to determine how OC affects the transparency in the banks.

Design/methodology/approach

A T&D index is built into the study covering all the relevant contemporary issues regarding disclosures in banks. The panel data specification is used to find out the association of components of the OC on the T&D practices in the banks. Bank data of 34 banks are gathered for four years for the study.

Findings

It is found that except for retail investors, other classes of OC are not concerned with the disclosures in the banks even though substantial financial and non-financial interests are at stake concerning them. The study’s findings suggest framing policies and regulations considering the accountability of promoters and institutional investors for ensuring disclosures in banks.

Research limitations/implications

A few proxies to measure T&D found in the literature have not been used in the study. Similarly, the definition of promoter’s class of investors can be improved.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study builds T&D for banks and examines their impact because of the ownership classes (as used by the current study). This study is unique in this aspect.
Conditional impact of credit growth on macroeconomic and financial aggregates: evidence from Turkey
Authors: Cayirli Omer , Kayalidere Koray , Aktas Huseyin
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of changes in credit stock on real and financial indicators in Turkey with a focus on conditional and time-varying dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach

In addition to lag-augmented vector autoregression (LA-VAR) based time-varying Granger causality tests, threshold models and a research setting that identifies high/low states of credit growth based on 24-month moving averages are used to explore regime-dependent behavior. For investigating the asymmetric dynamics, the authors use a methodology that identifies good/bad news in credit growth based on 24-month moving averages and standard deviations.

Findings

Results strongly suggest that the impact of changes in credit stock induces conditional responses. Moreover, we find evidence for asymmetric responses. In the case of Turkey, efforts to spur growth through credit produce a strong negative byproduct, a depreciation in the exchange rate. The authors also find that changes in credit stock have become more relevant for uncertainties in inflation and exchange rate expectations, particularly in the era after mid-2018 in which credit growth volatility has increased noticeably.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of time-varying and conditional responses to a change in credit stock in a major emerging economy. Using a moving threshold based only on the available information in the analysis of state-dependency represents a new approach.
Government expenditure–shadow economy nexus: the role of fiscal deficit
Authors: Tran Toan Pham-Khanh , Tran Ngoc Phu , Nguyen Phuc Van , Vo Duc Hong
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The effects of government expenditure on the shadow economy have been investigated. However, the effect from a moderating factor that affects this relationship has been largely ignored in the existing literature. This paper investigates how fiscal deficit moderates the effects of government expenditure on the shadow economy for 32 Asian countries for the past two decades since 2000.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use various techniques, which allow cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity in panel data analysis, to examine this relationship in both the long run and short run. The analysis also considers the marginal effects of government expenditure on the shadow economy at different degrees of fiscal deficits.

Findings

Empirical findings from this paper indicate that an increase in government expenditure and fiscal deficit will increase the shadow economy size. Interestingly, the effects of government expenditure on the shadow economy will intensify with a greater degree of the budget deficit. The authors also find that enhancing economic growth to improve income per capita and extending international trade appears to reduce the shadow economy in the Asian countries.

Practical implications

The authors consider that policies targeting reducing shadow economy should follow conventional economic policies on economic growth, unemployment and inflation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study conducted to examine the moderating role of fiscal deficit in the government expenditure–shadow economy nexus in Asian countries.
Formal clusters supporting small firms' internationalization: a case of public–private interaction
Authors: Carloni Elisa
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the role played by a formal cluster initiative in supporting small firms' internationalization processes. Taking a public–private interaction perspective, this study aims to understand interaction mechanisms within an internationalization project implemented by a formal cluster initiative.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a qualitative approach based on a case study of a Swedish formal cluster initiative involved in an internationalization project. The case is analyzed through the industrial marketing and purchasing approach, relying on the Actors–Resources–Activities (ARA) framework.

Findings

The analysis highlights the role of formal clusters as supporters and “accelerators” of internationalization processes. Based on the ARA framework, the roles of the public and private actors emerge: the cluster plays the role of orchestrator, supporter and financer, while on the businesses' side, participants assumed the role of customers, displaying various degrees of interest and commitment and giving rise to a leader–follower pattern. Activities occurred at multiple levels, interorganizational, intraproject, interprojects, through different timings and typologies. The main resources at stake were the combination of knowledge, complementary capabilities and financial incentives.

Originality/value

This empirical study provides novel empirical evidence and theoretical development over the phenomenon of formal clusters. This study contributes to the current debate on public–private interaction mechanisms and to the upgrading and circulation of international business knowledge.
The impact of the relationship commitment and customer integration on supply chain performance
Authors: Ruzo-Sanmartín Emilio , Abousamra Alaa Abdelaziz , Otero-Neira Carmen , Svensson Göran
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to show how to improve supply chain performance through the relationship between firms and their customers. In doing so, this study examines the impact of a firm’s relationship commitment and customer integration on supply chain performance. The aim is to detail a way to increase supply chain performance through the relationship between companies and their customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis was based on a survey on 205 corporate-Egypt multi-industry businesses including manufacturing, retailing, wholesaling and shipping services firms. Data collection was through a questionnaire survey distributed to 1,264 senior managers with responsibilities in the field of supply chain, logistics, purchasing, marketing and operations and with a 16% response rate. A conceptual model was designed, and hypotheses were analysed with covariance-based structural equation modelling.

Findings

This study makes a significant contribution to the supply chain management (SCM) literature by examining the influence of firms’ relationship commitment on supply chain performance in the supply chain management context by means of the disaggregation of customer integration into two dimensions: integration with customer (IWC) and integration by customer (IBC). The findings indicate that firms’ relationship commitment does not relate directly to supply chain performance, but rather indirectly through integration both with and by customers.

Research limitations/implications

This paper outlines a conceptual model in which firms’ relationship commitment relates indirectly to supply chain performance. The model also sheds light on the fact that IWCs precedes IBCs in supply chains. This finding suggests that firms should focus on customer integration to improve supply chain performance.

Practical implications

This study offers a particularly refined understanding of the reasons behind and situations in which supply chain integration (SCI) enables firms to gain superior supply chain performance. In fact, firms focusing on customer integration may improve their supply chain performance, thus enhancing the value of the supply chain.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by considering a relational view of the SCI-Performance path. In particular, by disaggregating customer integration into IWCs and IBCs, this paper verifies customer integration acting as a mediator between relationship commitment and supply chain performance in supply chains.
A systematic review for organizing servitization by multi-actor collaborations: lenses, factors and outcomes
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Zhang Ke , Lin Kuo-Yi , Feng Lijie
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Implementing servitization requires collaborative efforts from multiple actors in the business network or ecosystem. A multi-actor perspective is considered valuable for understanding the process of servitization. This study aims to review the contemporary research on organizing servitization by multi-actor collaborations.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach of systematic literature review was used. In total, 90 English-language journal articles published from 2004 to 2021 were selected based on a series of rigorous steps. Furthermore, descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted to answer the predefined review questions.

Findings

The servitization research from the multi-actor collaboration perspective is an infant field yet growing increasingly. An integrative framework was proposed to reveal the extant related studies. In this framework, three typical servitization lenses emphasizing multi-actor collaborations were uncovered. Moreover, six categories of influence factors and possible positive and negative outcomes for this process were identified. Existing knowledge gaps and underlying research directions were also discussed to lay the foundations for future research.

Research limitations/implications

This research has been limited by the usage of single database, rigorous selection criteria by the Academic Journal Guide (AJG 2018) list and exclusion of non-English papers.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the earliest systematic literature reviews to explore the servitization issues by adopting a multi-actor perspective. The findings can consolidate the knowledge base of servitization and provide implications for the multiple fields of industrial marketing, operational management, information management and service marketing.
Effective business model adaptations in family SMEs in response to the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Brunelli Sofia , Gjergji Rafaela , Lazzarotti Valentina , Sciascia Salvatore , Visconti Federico
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The present paper aims at exploring effective business model adaptations in response to unexpected events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors test the effect of two major business model adaptations, namely changes in the value proposition and changes in the target market, on a sample of 96 family SMEs.

Findings

Results show that only changes in the value proposition had a positive and significant impact on performance, helping family SMEs to better confront COVID-19. However, this effect is reduced in the case of target market change.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate how business model adaptations in family SMEs affect performance in crisis situations.
I never wanted to just sit around smoking cigarettes and drinking coffee
Authors: Voyce Andrew
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Essay asks questions about people with schizophrenia and recovery.

Design/methodology/approach

The essay is written in an autoethnographic style.

Findings

The purpose of this paper is to portray the actual outcome for a person with schizophrenia, in the context of recovery and the achievement of independence.

Research limitations/implications

Statistics are from review of various sources and are compared with autoethnographic data. The implications are to confirm social exclusion for the cohort of people with schizophrenia.

Practical implications

Practical implications include the recognition of the unusual destinations for those with schizophrenia.

Social implications

Independence is a desirable and much espoused social outcome and yet so few people with schizophrenia are empowered in this way, meaning that they fail to share a social dialogue with many of their fellow citizens.

Originality/value

This essay details a struggle to live up to social norms which are hindered because of a life with schizophrenia.
Systemic effects of an open government program on data quality: the case of the New York State’s Food Protection program area
Authors: Najafabadi Mahdi M. , Cronemberger Felippe A.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the open government data initiative in the Food Protection program area within the New York State’s Department of Health to assess the impacts of opening data in terms of data quality and public value. An ecosystem lens is used to explore the dynamics of actors and their interactions, the processes involved in the program and the consequences such interplay brought forth to data quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through 15 semistructured interviews with multiple stakeholders from different sectors, such as county officials, administrators and technicians, food sanitarians, data journalists and restaurant owners. At the analysis stage, the ecosystem perspective helped to capture the big picture of the open data actor interrelationships within this community regarding the food service inspections datasets.

Findings

Prior research suggests that open data initiatives enhance data quality. However, this study shows how opening data can adversely affect the quality of data. Results are explained by competing dynamics and conflicting interests among open data actors, undermining the expected public value from open data initiatives.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are in contrast with the mainstream open data literature and helps open data scholars to anticipate some currently unexpected results of open data initiatives. Limitations include potential biases associated to interpretation of interview data and that the results are based on a single case study.

Practical implications

This study makes governments and policymakers alert about the possibility of similar open data byproducts and unwanted outcomes and helps them to design more effective open data policies, hence gaining higher economic advantage while lowering costs of open data initiatives.

Originality/value

Detailed open data and open data case studies through the ecosystem perspective are still scarce and can enrich discussions about open data policy design and refinement in the public sector. The data used for this research are not used in any prior papers, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to identify such adverse effects of data quality that have been reported.
How (un)informative are experiments with students for other social groups? A study of agricultural students and farmers
Authors: Grüner Sven , Lehberger Mira , Hirschauer Norbert , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: June 2022

Experiments are often used to study individual decision‐making under controlled circumstances. Due to their low opportunity costs and high availability, university students are frequently recruited as the study population. Even though they are rather untypical with regard to many characteristics (e.g. age and income) compared to the representatives of the social group of interest, the experimental behaviours of students are sometimes prematurely generalised to other social groups or even to humans in general. Given the widespread challenges in the agricultural and environmental sector, it is particularly interesting to address farmers' decision‐making. We analyse whether agricultural students can be used to approximate the behaviour of farmers in simple economic experiments, which are often used to measure risk aversion, impatience, positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, altruism and trust. Moreover, we consider the role of systematically varied monetary incentives. We find no differences between agricultural students and farmers in their risk aversion; farmers' positive reciprocity and trust are positively associated with the incentive level, which cannot be observed with agricultural students. Findings regarding altruism in the two populations are mixed and challenge the finding of earlier studies of students being less pro‐social. Agricultural students are a lower boundary of impatience and negative reciprocity. These heterogeneous results suggest that scientific inference from agricultural students to farmers should be made cautiously. However, we do not deal with a representative sample of our target population (e.g. gender). Replication studies are required to evaluate the generalisability of our findings.
State of the Field: The Modern History of Childhood
Authors: TISDALL LAURA
Published: June 2022

This state of the field article presents three questions for students and scholars of childhood: first, who is included in the history of childhood? Second, why does the history of childhood matter? Third, how should we do the history of childhood? It argues that all historians of childhood need to reflect upon modern developmental concepts of childhood which purport to tell us what children of different chronological ages can think, understand and feel. These limiting concepts of childhood originate from eighteenth‐century Anglo‐American concepts of liberal personhood that position children as non‐people due to their lack of reason and their dependence on others. However, as ‘childhood studies’ scholars have shown, they still govern many of our instincts and assumptions about childhood today. Historians of childhood will have most to offer once we have interrogated our own concepts of childhood, but also when we fully consider how childhood has been historically constructed in relation to adulthood.
Labour Market Effects of Bushfires and Floods in Australia: A Gendered Perspective*
Authors: Hickson Josiah , Marshan Joseph
Published: June 2022

We study the labour market effects of bushfires and floods within Australia over the past two decades, focusing on gender as a determinant of vulnerability. Whilst floods unambiguously increased the labour supply of both genders (creating around 13,500 jobs per year), the likelihood of female employment is particularly vulnerable to bushfires, falling by 1.6 percentage points (or around 5,000 jobs per year). This effect is partially explained by industry sector, with bushfires lifting overall male employment through industries including mining and transport, while reducing more female‐dominated services sector participation. We also examine intrahousehold dynamics, finding strong evidence for an ‘added worker’ effect.
Who are Advisory Services Leaving Out? A Critical Reflection on ‘Hard to Reach’ Farmers
Authors: Labarthe Pierre , Sutherland Lee‐Ann , Laurent Catherine , Nguyen Geneviève , Tisenkopfs Talis , Triboulet Pierre , Bechtet Noemie , Bulten Ellen , Elzen Boelie , Madureira Lívia , Noble Christina , Prazan Jaroslav , Townsend Leanne , Zarokosta Eleni , Prager Katrin , Redman Mark
Published: June 2022

Although the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union has broadened its objectives to integrate social issues, several hard‐to‐reach groups of farmers and workers continue to be ignored by advisory services and associated policies. Connecting with these groups has a strong potential to increase the economic and social cohesion of European agricultures. We interviewed over 1,000 farmers across Europe and identified features of these groups that are often overlooked by advisory services. We critically reflected on the social cohorts omitted from advisory services and how they could be better reached; they include farm labourers, new entrants or ‘career changers’, and later adopters. We clarify the different types of advisors in the advisory landscape, distinguishing between those who are linked to or independent from sales of inputs or technologies. We make concrete recommendations about how to engage advisors with hard‐to‐reach groups, with approaches suited to different national contexts of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS); thus contributing to the ‘AKIS dimension of National Strategic Plans of the next Common Agricultural Policy, 2023–2027. We argue for the more effective use of advances in the social sciences through a better understanding of advice as social interaction which can bolster the inclusiveness of public policies.
Poland: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: JASIEWICZ KRZYSZTOF , JASIEWICZ‐BETKIEWICZ AGNIESZKA
Published: June 2022

The democratic backsliding, which began in Poland after the ascent to power of the Law and Justice/Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) party in 2015, continued in 2021. The Polish government maintained its confrontational attitude toward European institutions, from the European Commission to the European Parliament and the European Union's Court of Justice. The latter imposed on Poland a daily fine of €1 million for the government's refusal to reverse reforms of the judiciary that put into question the independence of judges. On the domestic front, the ruling camp underwent a series of internal frictions that jeopardized its majority in the lower house (Sejm), but it preserved a slim majority by co‐opting dissenters from other parliamentary caucuses and independents. The government's actions on the Polish–Belarussian border to prevent Middle Eastern refugees entering the country, and hence the EU, were a serious departure from international law principles.
Racial/ethnic discrimination, ADH1B*3, and coping‐motivated drinking among Black college students
Authors: Zaso Michelle J. , Kim Jueun , Desalu Jessica M. , Goodhines Patricia A. , Marciano Michael A. , Park Aesoon
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

Discrimination due to race and/or ethnicity can be a pervasive stressor for Black college students in the United States beyond general negative life events and has demonstrated associations with adverse health and alcohol outcomes. Genetics may confer individual differences in the risk of drinking to cope with discrimination‐related stress. This study tested whether associations of racial/ethnic discrimination with coping drinking motives and alcohol use differ as a function of a well‐documented variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B*3).

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were obtained from 241 Black students (Mage = 20.04 [range = 18–53]; 66% female) attending a predominantly White university in the northeastern United States. Participants provided a saliva sample for genotyping and self‐reported on their racial/ethnic discrimination experiences, coping drinking motives, and past‐month total alcohol quantity.

Results

Path models demonstrated that associations of discrimination with alcohol quantity directly or indirectly through coping drinking motives did not differ as a function of ADH1B*3, after controlling for gender, age, negative life events, and potential confounding interactions of covariates with model predictors. Regardless of ADH1B*3, greater experience of negative life events was associated with higher coping drinking motives, which in turn were associated with greater alcohol quantity.

Conclusion and Scientific Significance

Findings represent a novel investigation into gene–environment interplay in associations of alcohol use with racial/ethnic discrimination. Findings demonstrate coping‐motivated drinking associated with negative life events within Black college drinkers regardless of ADH1B*3. Future research should leverage longitudinal designs to characterize associations of genetics, stressful experiences, and coping‐motivated drinking over time.
Threat to fixation and vision‐related quality of life in early open‐angle glaucoma — results from the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study
Authors: Peters Dorothea , Heijl Anders , Andersson‐Geimer Sabina , Aspberg Johan , Lindén Christina , Jóhannesson Gauti , Bengtsson Boel
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To determine the effect of glaucomatous visual field (VF) damage close to the point of fixation, called threat‐to‐fixation (TTF), on vision‐related quality of life (VRQoL) in open‐angle glaucoma.

Methods

A total of 239 patients from the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS) were included in this analysis. The second VF of patients with newly diagnosed primarily early glaucoma was evaluated for the presence or absence of TTF. TTF was defined as VF loss including one or more of the four innermost test points depressed at p < 1% in the total deviation probability map of Humphrey 24–2 SITA Standard visual fields. VRQoL was evaluated using Rasch‐analysed National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ‐25) scores. The correlation between VRQoL and TTF was evaluated using uni‐ and multivariable regression analyses.

Results

TTF was present in at least one eye in 115 patients (48%); located in the superior hemifield alone in 47% (54 of 115), in the inferior hemifield alone in 23% (27 of 115), and in 30% (34 of 115) in both hemifields. The median Rasch‐calibrated NEI VFQ‐25 scores were identical when comparing patients with TTF (VRQoL score 66, 95% CI: 23–100) and those with no‐TTF (VRQoL score 66, 95% CI: 21–100) (p = 0.925). Neither the presence of TTF (R2 = −0.004, p = 0.968) nor the location of TTF (R2 = 0.023, p = 0.103) was significantly correlated to Rasch‐calibrated NEI VFQ‐25 scores.

Conclusion

The presence of TTF did not influence VRQoL, as measured by the NEI‐VFQ‐25, in this relatively large group of patients with mainly early glaucoma.
Letter: progressive weakening of the concept that gluten has a detrimental effect on mental health and gut symptoms in the absence of coeliac disease
Authors: Peters Simone L. , Muir Jane G. , Gibson Peter R.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Crawley et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16914 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17051
Editorial: it's time to standardise competencies in intestinal ultrasound
Authors: Jeong Jocelyn , deBruyn Jennifer
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Madsen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16950
Editorial: lack of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by gluten in patients without coeliac disease—time to ditch the ‘gluten’ from ‘non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity’. Authors’ reply
Authors: Crawley Cæcilie , Savino Nadia , Husby Steffen
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Crawley et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16914 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16951
Letter: is it appropriate to use a fatty liver index >60 as an alternative criterion for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Authors: Li Xiang‐Ze , Zhu Jia‐Qi , Zhang Shi‐Yu , He Qian‐Qian , Zhang Gui‐Xia , Jia Hang‐Dong , Wang Xian‐Ming
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rivera–Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17060
Editorial: the CTA on EGIDs—author's reply
Authors: Genta Robert M.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Genta et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16971 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17043
Letter: is it appropriate to use a fatty liver index >60 as an alternative criterion for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease? Authors’ reply
Authors: Rivera‐Andrade Alvaro , Petrick Jessica L. , Alvarez Christian S. , Graubard Barry I. , Florio Andrea A. , Kroker‐Lobos Maria F. , Parisi Dominick , Freedman Neal D. , Lazo Mariana , Guallar Eliseo , Groopman John D. , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rivera–Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17041
Editorial: optimising hepatitis B vaccine response in inflammatory bowel disease—time to get some skin in the game. Authors' reply
Authors: Ko Kwan‐Lung , Hung Ivan Fan‐Ngai , Leung Wai K.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Ko et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16970 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17044
Letter: gut–brain axis dysfunction underlies symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome—a plea for rational interpretation of irrational doses of FODMAPs. Authors' reply
Authors: Biesiekierski Jessica R. , Wu Jie , Van Oudenhove Lukas
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16812 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16975
Letter: pancreatic involvement in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dai Cong , Huang Yu‐hong
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Massironi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16949 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.1782
Laparoscopic management of Crohn's disease‐related complex enterovesical, enterocutaneous and enteroenteric fistula: A case report
Authors: Gadiyaram Srikanth , Nachiappan Murugappan , Shankar Kiran
Published: June 2022

The management of Crohn's disease is medical, with surgery reserved for emergencies and complications. Fistulizing Crohn's disease can present with either an internal or external fistula. Internal fistulae are common in patients with ileocolonic disease. Enterovesical fistulae form a very small part of these internal fistulae. An ileovesical fistula with other concomitant internal or external fistulae is a complex fistula. A patient with an ileovesical fistula further compounded by an enteroenteric fistula and an enterocutaneous fistula is a difficult surgical patient to manage because of the resultant dense inflammation. Here we report a case of complex ileovesical fistula (concomitant enterocutaneous fistula and enteroenteric fistula) managed by a laparoscopic approach.
Deferment associated to contrasting grazing intensities affects root/shoot biomass allocation in natural grasslands
Authors: Fedrigo Jean Kássio , Ataide Pablo Fagundes , Azambuja Filho Júlio Cesar Rebés , Bertoncelli Patricia , Nabinger Carlos
Published: June 2022

Questions

(i) How does a strategic deferment influence both shoot and root biomass in South American Campos natural grassland after a long time of contrasting livestock grazing intensities? (ii) How do functional strategies of plants to tolerate or avoid grazing affect patterns of aboveground and belowground biomass?

Location

A natural Campos grassland in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil (latitude 30°05′27″ S, longitude 51°40′18″ W, and altitude 46 m).

Methods

We studied the effects of deferments (spring or autumn) at moderate and severe livestock grazing intensities (maintained by adjusting contrasting forage allowances during 25 years) on the cover of dominant species, and aboveground and belowground biomass. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications of grazing exclusions, applied simultaneously at moderate and severe grazing intensities. Measurements of above‐ and belowground biomass and the coverage of the five dominant species were performed before and after grazing exclusion periods.

Results

Under severe grazing intensity, erect‐growing grasses were replaced by prostrate species, which were able at least to maintain the belowground biomass found at moderate grazing intensity. In response to deferments, severe grazing intensity changed toward a significant increase in aboveground biomass and in the coverage of plants with erect growing habit. However, total belowground biomass remained unaffected by exclusions in both grazing intensities. The relation of root:shoot biomass was lower under moderate grazing intensity, and showed a negative response to deferment treatments at severe grazing intensity.

Conclusion

Long‐term contrasting grazing intensities applied in South American Campos grasslands determine several changes in above‐ and belowground relationships. Prevalence of prostrate plants under severe grazing is associated with a high partitioning capacity of assimilates toward the subterranean biomass, higher than in the tall species predominant under moderate grazing. The fast recovery of aboveground biomass, the maintenance of the underground biomass and the increase of tall grasses in response to deferments reveals the high resilience capacity of this ecosystem after a long‐term period of overgrazing.
Regulatory T cells are replenished in the splenic microenvironment of patients with immune thrombocytopenia by treatment with thrombopoietin receptor agonists
Authors: Kapur Rick
Published: June 2022

Therapeutic management of patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains challenging; however, thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) have revolutionised the treatment landscape of ITP. It is increasingly hypothesised that TPO‐RAs may have an immune modulatory role and Pizzi and colleagues provide evidence in support of this by demonstrating that TPO‐RA treatment restores the decreased regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers in the splenic microenvironment of patients with ITP.

Commentary on: Pizzi M, Vianello F, Binotto G, Vianelli N, Carli G, Auteri G, et al. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists increase splenic regulatory T‐cell numbers in Immune Thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2022;198:916–922.
How fiscal policy affects housing market dynamics: Evidence from Spain
Authors: Vilchez Josep Maria Raya , Kucel Aleksander
Published: June 2022

This paper studies how the announcements of fiscal law changes affect the real estate market, focusing on the case of Spain. An announcement of a future fiscal law change gives the opportunity to buyers to advance or delay purchases to maximize fiscal benefits. In particular, we study announcements and their posterior effects about the mortgage tax laws in 1998, 2010, 2011, and 2013 plus the VAT law in 2012. The paper is based on contextually rich data from 2004 through 2015 for Spain, provided by a real estate agent with a strong presence across the Spanish territory. We use two dependent variables to best capture the changes: time on market of a dwelling and the price discount of the dwelling. Simultaneity bias is avoided by considering that the degree of overpricing and atypicality affects time on market but not the selling price. The identification strategy is improved by considering the type of properties most affected by the changes versus the rest of properties, using a difference‐in‐difference estimation. We consider two tax policy announcements: income tax credit on dwelling purchases and VAT rate change on the purchases of new dwellings. In the case of the income tax credit, this fiscal policy affects only primary accommodations. In the case of the VAT tax rate, only new houses are affected. We show that credible fiscal policy announcements distort the housing market by temporarily decreasing dwellings’ time on market and their price discounts, to immediately and long‐lastingly increase them just after the tax policy expires. There is a negative causal effect of tax policy announcements on the housing market.
Perioperative management of antithrombotic drugs in skin surgery – A survey of dermatologists in Germany
Authors: Scherer Fabian David , Nast Alexander , Gaskins Matthew , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Dressler Corinna
Published: June 2022

Background: We identified substantial heterogeneity in the perioperative management of antithrombotic drugs in skin surgery in Germany in 2012 and 2017 in two cross‐sectional surveys. The first national guideline on this subject was published in 2014 and updated in 2021. We sought to identify whether the management of these drugs had changed.

Methods: We sent a paper‐based survey to 1115 dermatologists throughout Germany asking them about their perioperative management of antithrombotic drugs in skin surgery, as well as their familiarity with the guideline.

Results: We received responses from 65 hospital‐ and 202 office‐based dermatologists. Most dermatologists reported continuing antithrombotic drugs in their patients when performing minor surgeries. A notable proportion of dermatologists reported discontinuing phenprocoumon treatment perioperatively and bridging patients with heparin when performing more invasive surgeries. Continuation was less common during combination therapies.

Conclusions: The proportion of physicians in Germany who reported managing antithrombotic drugs during skin surgery in ways that are in concordance with the national guideline has increased since 2012. However, continuing antithrombotic drugs during large excisions and sentinel lymph node biopsies, abstaining from bridging patients on phenprocoumon with heparin, and continuing antithrombotic combination therapies perioperatively need to be further encouraged, especially among office‐based dermatologists.
Carfilzomib plus dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: A retro‐prospective observational study
Authors: Del Giudice Maria Livia , Gozzetti Alessandro , Antonioli Elisabetta , Attucci Irene , Pengue Ludovica , Cassano Cassano Raffaella , Ghio Francesco , Orciuolo Enrico , Simoncelli Martina , Bocchia Monica , Galimberti Sara , Buda Gabriele
Published: June 2022

Objective

We investigate safety and efficacy in common clinical practice of the combination of carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd56) approved for the ENDEAVOR trial for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Methods

We retro‐prospective analyzed 75 patients in three centers in Tuscany, 48 of whom had a clinically relevant comorbidity and 50 of whom were older than 65 years, treated with a median use in the fourth line of therapy. We assessed the efficacy based on the International Myeloma Working Group criteria.

Results

The overall response rate was 60%. Median PFS was 10 months in the general cohort; in patients treated for more than 1 cycle of therapy PFS was 12 months. Quality of response to Kd56 treatment was found to positively impact PFS. Refractory status to previous line of therapy or to lenalidomide or an history of exposure to pomalidomide, seemed to have no impact on survival. We also showed a low adverse events rate, with no neuropathy events, and a relatively small number of cardiovascular events above grade 3 (10%).

Conclusion

Kd56 is an effective and well tolerated regimen in highly pretreated and elderly patients with a good safety profile.
Intravenous ganaxolone for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus: Results from an open‐label, dose‐finding, phase 2 trial
Authors: Vaitkevicius Henrikas , Ramsay R. Eugene , Swisher Christa B. , Husain Aatif M. , Aimetti Alex , Gasior Maciej
Published: June 2022

Objective

Patients with refractory status epilepticus (RSE) have failed treatment with benzodiazepines and ≥1 second‐line intravenous (IV) antiseizure medication (ASM). Guidelines recommend IV anesthesia when second‐line ASMs have failed, but potential harms can outweigh the benefits. Novel treatments are needed to stop and durably control RSE without escalation to IV anesthetics. Ganaxolone is an investigational neuroactive steroid in development for RSE treatment. This study's objective was to determine the appropriate dosing for IV ganaxolone in RSE and obtain a preliminary assessment of efficacy and safety.

Methods

This was an open‐label, phase 2 trial conducted from February 19, 2018 to September 18, 2019, at three sites in the United States. Patients were aged ≥12 years, had convulsive or nonconvulsive SE, and failed to respond to ≥1 second‐line IV ASM. Twenty‐one patients were screened; 17 were enrolled. Patients received IV ganaxolone added to standard‐of‐care ASMs. Ganaxolone infusion was initiated as an IV bolus (over 3 min) with continuous infusion of decreasing infusion rates for 48–96 h followed by an 18‐h taper. There were three ganaxolone dosing cohorts: low, 500 mg/day; medium, 650 mg/day; and high, 713 mg/day. The primary end point was the number of patients not requiring escalation to IV anesthetic treatment within 24 h of ganaxolone initiation.

Results

Most of the 17 enrolled patients (65%) had nonconvulsive SE, and had failed a median of three prior ASMs, including first‐line benzodiazepine and second‐line IV ASM therapy. Median time to SE cessation following ganaxolone initiation was 5 min. No patient required escalation to third‐line IV anesthetics during the 24‐h period following ganaxolone initiation. Two treatment‐related serious adverse events (sedation) were reported. Of the three deaths, none was considered related to ganaxolone; all occurred 9–22 days after completing ganaxolone.

Significance

IV ganaxolone achieved rapid and durable seizure control in patients with RSE, and showed acceptable safety and tolerability.
Welfare state dissatisfaction and support for major welfare reform: Towards means‐tested welfare or a universal basic income?
Authors: Laenen Tijs , Gugushvili Dimitri
Published: June 2022

This research note investigates how people combine their views on two radically opposing welfare reforms: a universal basic income and a fully means‐tested welfare state. Using data from the 2016–2017 European Social Survey, we found that support for transformative welfare reform is rooted in perceptions of the performance of the current system. The preferred direction of reform, however, strongly depends on the specific aspects of the welfare state people are happy or unhappy with. At the country‐level, we show that underperforming welfare states—in terms of higher poverty rates and lower social spending—increase popular demand for transformative welfare reform, in either direction. These findings are of crucial importance for ongoing debates about the future of the welfare state.
Nursing leadership to facilitate patient participation in fundamental care: An ethnographic qualitative study
Authors: Bahlman‐van Ooijen Wilmieke , van Belle Elise , Bank Arnold , de Man‐Van Ginkel Janneke , Huisman‐de Waal Getty , Heinen Maud
Published: June 2022

Aims

To explore and describe hospital nurses' perceptions of leadership behaviours in facilitating patient participation in fundamental care.

Design

An ethnographic interview study.

Methods

Individual semi‐structured interviews with 12 nurses with a bachelor's or master's degree working at a university medical centre were conducted between February and April 2021. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Six themes were derived from the data: (1) nursing leadership; (2) patient participation; (3) using patients' preferences; (4) building relationships; (5) task‐focused nursing; (6) need for role modelling.

Conclusion

Nurses indicated leadership behaviour to facilitate patient participation in fundamental care as inviting patients to participate and eliciting and supporting patients' preferences. Although nurses also regarded leadership as motivating colleagues to act and enhancing evidence‐based practice, they appeared not to practise this themselves about patient participation. Role modelling was indicated as a need for improvement.

Impact

The findings established that not all leadership behaviours mentioned were used in practice about patient participation in fundamental care. Role modelling and the use of evidence‐based practice are needed to increase patient participation. Further research will be necessary to develop and test leadership interventions to improve patient participation in fundamental care.